gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of a cyclic endurance of phase change memory by application of a high-density C15(Ge21Sb36Te43) film (2016)

The lower cyclic endurance of Phase Change Memory (PCM) devices limits the spread of its applications for reliable memory. The findings reported here show that micro-voids and excess vacancies that are produced during the deposition process and the subsequent growth in sputtered carbon-doped GeSbTe films is one of the major causes of device failure in PCM with cycling. We found that the size of voids in C15(Ge21Sb36Te43) films increased with increasing annealing temperature and the activation energy for the growth rate of voids was determined to be 2.22 eV. The film density, which is closely related to voids, varies with the deposition temperature and sputtering power used. The lower heat of vaporization of elemental Sb and Te compared to that for elemental Ge and C is a major cause of the low density of the film. It was possible to suppress void formation to a considerable extent by optimizing the deposition conditions, which leads to a dramatic enhancement in cyclic endurance by 2 orders of magnitude in PCM devices prepared at 300oC-300W compared to one prepared at 240oC-500W without change of compositions.
Entecavir treatment reduces hepatic events and deaths in chronic hepatitis B patients With liver cirrhosis (2013)

Entecavir therapy reduces the risks of hepatic events, HCC, liver-related and all-cause mortality of CHB patients with liver cirrhosis in 5 years, particularly among those who had maintained viral suppression.
Session details: Industry Track Preface (2015)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the SIGIR Symposium on Information Retrieval in Practice (SIRIP 2015). The goal of SIRIP is to bring together information retrieval researchers, practitioners, analysts, and consumers, and to achieve knowledge transfer across these boundaries. It is our hope that everyone who attends SIRIP walks away with new understanding and at least one new idea to think about or explore. SIRIP 2015 is held on the third day of the main SIGIR conference, on Wednesday, August 12, 2015, in Santiago, Chile. SIRIP is attended by people registered for the main conference as well as other interested practitioners who chose register for it alone. The SIRIP program consists of three hour and half long sessions that include a mix of invited presentations, refereed papers, and a panel presentation.
Cancer prevention by tea and tea polyphenols. (2008)

The inhibition of tumorigenesis by tea extracts and tea polyphenols has been demonstrated in different animal models, including those for cancer of the skin, lung, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, bladder, liver, pancrease, prostate, and mammary glands. Caffeine is also active in inhibition of tumorigenesis on the skin, lung, and perhaps other organs. In spite of many in vitro and in vivo studies, the molecular mechanisms for the cancer preventive actions of these compounds are not clearly known. The relationship between tea consumption and cancer risk has not been conclusively demonstrated, and the relationship may become more clear if we consider the effects of specific types of tea, at defined doses, in populations with certain dietary patterns or genetic polymorphisms. Human intervention trials and large prospective studies are needed to further assess the cancer preventive activities of tea constituents.
Path loss models for 5G millimeter wave propagation channels in urban microcells (2013)

Measurements for future outdoor cellular systems at 28 GHz and 38 GHz were conducted in urban microcellular environments in New York City and Austin, Texas, respectively. Measurements in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios used multiple combinations of steerable transmit and receive antennas (e.g. 24.5 dBi horn antennas with 10.9° half power beamwidths at 28 GHz, 25 dBi horn antennas with 7.8° half power beamwidths at 38 GHz, and 13.3 dBi horn antennas with 24.7° half power beamwidths at 38 GHz) at different transmit antenna heights. Based on the measured data, we present path loss models suitable for the development of fifth generation (5G) standards that show the distance dependency of received power. In this paper, path loss is expressed in easy-to-use formulas as the sum of a distant dependent path loss factor, a floating intercept, and a shadowing factor that minimizes the mean square error fit to the empirical data. The new models are compared with previous models that were limited to using a close-in free space reference distance. Here, we illustrate the differences of the two modeling approaches, and show that a floating intercept model reduces the shadow factors by several dB and offers smaller path loss exponents while simultaneously providing a better fit to the empirical data. The upshot of these new path loss models is that coverage is actually better than first suggested by work in [1], [7] and [8].
Finite-temperature elasticity phase transition in decagonal quasicrystals (1993)

We present evidence for a finite-temperature phase transition in the phason elasticity of quasicrystals. A tiling model for energetically stabilized decagonal quasicrystals has been studied in an extensive series of Monte Carlo simulations. The Hamiltonian (energetics) of the model is given by nearest-neighbor Penrose-like matching rules between three-dimensional unit cells. A new order parameter and diagnostics have been introduced. We show that a transition from locked-phason to unlocked-phason dynamics occurs at finite temperature. In the unlocked phase, phasons can be thermodynamically excited even though the quasicrystal is energetically stabilized at low temperatures.
Copper Oxide Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition from Bis(tri-n-butylphosphane)copper(I)acetylacetonate on Ta, TaN, Ru, and SiO[sub 2] (2009)

The thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of copper oxide films from the non-fluorinated yet liquid precursor bis(tri-n-butylphosphane)copper(I)acetylacetonate, [( n Bu 3 P) 2 Cu(acac)], and wet O 2 on Ta, TaN, Ru and SiO 2 substrates at temperatures of < 160 C is reported. Typical temperature-independent growth was observed at least up to 125 C with a growth-per-cycle of 0.1 for the metallic substrates and an ALD window extending down to 100 C for Ru. On SiO 2 and TaN the ALD window was observed between 110 and 125 C, with saturated growth shown on TaN still at 135 C. Precursor self-decomposition in a chemical vapor deposition mode led to bimodal growth on Ta, resulting in the parallel formation of continuous films and isolated clusters. This effect was not observed on TaN up to about 130 C and neither on Ru or SiO 2 for any processing temperature. The degree of nitridation of the tantalum nitride underlayers considerably influenced the film growth. With excellent adhesion of the ALD films on all substrates studied, the results are a promising basis for Cu seed layer ALD applicable to electrochemical Cu metallization in interconnects of ultralarge-scale integrated circuits. Cu Dielectric cap SiO 2 or ULK Barrier PVD Seed ECD Cu Void Lower interconnect level Via level Upper interconnect level
Simultaneous measurement of lipid and aqueous layers of tear film using optical coherence tomography and statistical decision theory (2014)

The prevalence of Dry Eye Disease (DED) in the USA is approximately 40 million in aging adults with about $3.8 billion economic burden. However, a comprehensive understanding of tear film dynamics, which is the prerequisite to advance the management of DED, is yet to be realized. To extend our understanding of tear film dynamics, we investigate the simultaneous estimation of the lipid and aqueous layers thicknesses with the combination of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and statistical decision theory. In specific, we develop a mathematical model for Fourier-domain OCT where we take into account the different statistical processes associated with the imaging chain. We formulate the first-order and second-order statistical quantities of the output of the OCT system, which can generate some simulated OCT spectra. A tear film model, which includes a lipid and aqueous layer on top of a rough corneal surface, is the object being imaged. Then we further implement a Maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator to interpret the simulated OCT data to estimate the thicknesses of both layers of the tear film. Results show that an axial resolution of 1 &mu;m allows estimates down to nanometers scale. We use the root mean square error of the estimates as a metric to evaluate the system parameters, such as the tradeoff between the imaging speed and the precision of estimation. This framework further provides the theoretical basics to optimize the imaging setup for a specific thickness estimation task.
Structured Light Scanning of Skin, Muscle and Fat (2015)

We investigate the quality of structured light 3D scanning on pig skin, muscle and fat. These particular materials are interesting in a number of industrial and medical use-cases, and somewhat challenging because they exhibit subsurface light scattering. Our goal therefor is to quantify the amount of error that various encoding strategies show, and propose an error correcting model, which can bring down the measurement bias considerably. Samples of raw and unprocessed pig tissue were used with the number of sampled surface points Nmeat = 1.2 * 106, Nskin = 4.0 * 106 and Nfat = 2.1 * 106 from 8 different pieces of tissue. With the standard N-step phase shifting method, the bias and RMS errors were found to be 0:45 ± 0:22mm (muscle), 0:51 ± 0:19mm (skin) and 0:14 ± 0:16mm (fat). After applying a linear correction model containing view, light angles and point distances, the bias was almost completely removed on test data, and standard deviations slightly reduced. To our knowledge this is the first quantitative study of the measurement error of structured light with biological tissue.
Piezoresponse force microscopy of lead titanate nanograins possibly reaching the limit of ferroelectricity (2002)

Single ferroelectric lead titanate (PTO) grains down to 15 nm were fabricated by chemical solution deposition. Varying the dilution of the precursor solution leads to different grain sizes between 15 and 200 nm. The grain-size-dependent domain configuration was studied using three-dimensional piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). It is found that the PTO grains in a dense film contain laminar 90° domain walls, whereas separated PTO grains show more complicated structures of mainly 180° domain walls. For grains smaller than 20 nm, no piezoresponse was observed and we suppose this could be due to the transition from the ferroelectric to the superparaelectric phase which has no spontaneous polarization. Recent calculations showed that the ferroelectricity of fine ferroelectric particles decrease with decreasing particle size. From these experiments the extrapolated critical size of PTO particles was found to be around 4–14 nm.
Novel Starlike Poly(methyl methacrylate)s by Controlled Dendritic Free Radical Initiation (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTNovel Starlike Poly(methyl methacrylate)s by Controlled Dendritic Free Radical InitiationAndreas Heise, James L. Hedrick, Mikael Trollsås, Robert D. Miller, and Curtis W. FrankView Author Information IBM Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 95305 Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 1, 231–234Publication Date (Web):December 17, 1998Publication History Received10 June 1998Revised30 October 1998Published online17 December 1998Published inissue 1 January 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma980924vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma980924vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Functionalization,Organic compounds,Polymers,Radical polymerization,Star polymers Get e-Alerts
A PC controlled fully automatic active load-pull measurement system using a pseudo-gradient algorithm (2002)

This paper presents a method to fully automate active load-pull measurements. The main feature of the automatisation is the use of an electronic vector modulator (EVM). An efficient pseudo-gradient based algorithm is used to control the EVM. This algorithm reaches the desired load in four iterations for most cases. Measurements results of a NE-76184 transistor are also presented.
RECONSTRUCTION OF FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL HUMERUS WITH A REDUCED NUMBER OF SCREWS AND A REINFORCED BONE SUBSTITUTE (2018)

Introduction The standard treatment of proximal humerus fractures includes pre-contoured metal plates and up to nine cortical and trabecular screws. Frequent failures are reported, especially in case of poor bone quality. The scope of this study was to assess the strength of an innovative reconstruction technique (Cement-and-screws) based on a commercial plate, with a reduced number of screws compared to the standard, and with the injection of a beta-TCP additivated acrylic bone cement (Cal-Cemex, Tecres, Italy). The focus was on a four-fragment fracture of the proximal humerus, in combination with a bone defect. For comparison, also a standard technique, based on a commercial system of plate and screws was tested (Screws-only). Materials and Methods Six pairs of cadaveric humeri were obtained through an ethically-approved donation program. The humeri were osteotomized to simulate a reproducible four-fragment fracture with the aid of a dedicated jig. Preparation included the simulation of a bone defect in...
Health Identification and Outcome Prediction for Outsourcing Services Based on Textual Comments (2014)

Outsourcing service opportunities go through a complex and laborious process beginning with RFP processing and continuing through solutioning, proposal development, costing, pricing, contract definition and closing. A key issue for service providers is to understand the health status of a given service opportunity engagement based on available information at any point in time during the engagement. This capability enables them to bring excelling engagements to a faster close, and identify and help troubled engagements. As a related problem, service providers are interested in understanding the win chances of engagements in order to prioritize their pipelines for planning and resource management purposes. In this paper, we propose a new sentiment-based approach for identifying and monitoring the health of opportunities by analyzing weekly comments made by sales teams for each engagement. We then present a novel method for feature extraction and selection from the engagements' comments. This approach combines text-based and sentiment-based features and identifies highly predictive features that are then used to predict the outcome of engagements. We report on experiments performed on an industrial dataset, which shows our prediction approach achieves a high win prediction accuracy. We describe a method for providing a supplementary confidence level and linguistic features that facilitates the interpretation of the predicted outcome.
Analysis of the spontaneous emission limited linewidth of an integrated III-V/SiN laser (2021)

This paper describes a calculation of the spontaneous emission limited linewidth of a semiconductor laser consisting of hybrid or heterogeneously integrated, silicon and III-V intracavity components. Central to the approach are a) description of the multi-element laser cavity in terms of composite laser/free-space eigenmodes, b) use of multimode laser theory to treat mode competition and multiwave mixing, and c) incorporation of quantum-optical contributions to account for spontaneous emission effects. Application of the model is illustrated for the case of linewidth narrowing in an InAs quantum-dot laser coupled to a high-Q SiN cavity.
Robust Distributed Least-Squares Estimation in Sensor Networks with Node Failures (2011)

Algorithms are studied for distributed least-squares (DLS) estimation of a scalar target signal in sensor networks. Due to the observation locality and the limited sensing ability, the individual sensor estimates are far from being reliable. To obtain a more reliable estimate of the target signal, the sensors could collaborate by iteratively exchanging messages with their neighbors, to refine their local estimates over time. Such an iterative DLS algorithm is investigated in this paper with and without the consideration of node failures. In particular, without sensor node failures it is shown that every instantiation of the DLS algorithm converges, i.e., consensus is reached among the sensors, with the limiting agreement value being the centralized least-squares estimate. With node failures during the iterative exchange process, the convergence of the DLS algorithm is still guaranteed; however, an error exists between the limiting agreement value and the centralized least-squares estimate. In order to reduce this error, a modified DLS scheme, the M-DLS, is provided. The M-DLS algorithm involves an additional weight compensation step, in which a sensor performs a one-time weight compensation procedure whenever it detects the failure of a neighbor. Through analytical arguments and simulations, it is shown that the M-DLS algorithm leads to a smaller error than the DLS algorithm, where the magnitude of the improvement dependents on the network topology.
Passive non-line-of-sight imaging using plenoptic information (2020)

We present a methodology for recovering the perspective imagery of a non-line-of-sight scene based on plenoptic observations of indirect photons scattered from a homogeneous surface. Our framework segregates the visual contents observed along the scattering surface into angular and spatial components. Given the reflectance characteristics of the scatterer, we show that the former can be deduced from scattering measurements employing diversity in angle at individual surface points, whereas the latter can be deduced from captured images of the scatterer based on prior knowledge of occlusions within the scene. We then combine the visual contents from both components into a plenoptic modality capable of imaging at higher resolutions than what is allowed by the angular information content and discriminating against extraneous signals in complex scenes that spatial information struggles to discern. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach by reconstructing the imagery of test scenes from both synthetic and measured data.
Femtosecond, Electronically-Induced Disordering of GaAs (1992)

Picosecond laser pulse experiments on semiconductors show that a thermal melting model can explain the behavior of these materials when irradiated with such pulses. 1 This model assumes that energy is quickly transferred from the electrons excited by the laser pulse to the lattice through phonon emission. The lattice then heats up to the melting temperature and undergoes a phase transition to the liquid phase. However, the thermal model breaks down if the energy of the laser pulse is deposited into the electronic system on a time scale which is short compared to the electron-lattice energy relaxation time, as in the case of femtosecond laser pulses exciting semiconductors with relaxation times of a few picoseconds. 2 In this case, the bond breaking which occurs through excitation of valence electrons to the conduction band can lead directly to ionic disordering while the lattice is still cold. 3 Experiments performed on silicon with femtosecond laser pulses indeed suggest disordering of a cold lattice. 4 We have performed a series of measurements on GaAs using 160-fs pulses which show that above a threshold pump fluence of 0.1 J/cm 2 , the material undergoes an ultrafast transition to a disordered, metallic phase in less than 0.5 ps.
Cladding-pumped passive harmonically mode-locked fiber laser (1996)

A passive harmonically mode-locked fiber laser cladding pumped by a broad-area diode-laser array is described. Harmonic mode locking is obtained in a frequency range from 33.3 to 128.6 MHz, where the higher frequency limit is imposed because of insufficient available pump power. The maximum pulse jitter in one cavity roundtrip time is between 300 and 50 ps in the whole frequency range, and the sidebands in the frequency domain are suppressed by as much as 50 dB. 600-fs bandwidth-limited pulses with pulse energies of as much as 20 pJ are obtained, giving rise to an average output power as great as 2.5 mW.
High-efficiency heterojunction solar cells on crystalline silicon and germanium substrates enabled by low-temperature epitaxial growth of silicon (2012)

We demonstrate high-efficiency heterojunction (HJ) solar cells realized by epitaxial growth of thin layers of highly-doped Si on crystalline Si (c-Si) and crystalline Ge (c-Ge) substrates using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at temperatures as low as 150°C. We have achieved a conversion efficiency of 21.4% on p-type c-Si substrates textured by random pyramids and Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) electrodes sputtered at room-temperature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest conversion efficiency reported for HJ solar cells on p-type c-Si substrates. We have achieved conversion efficiencies of 5.9% and 6.4% on n-type and p-type c-Ge substrates, respectively, which are comparable with efficiencies reported for conventional c-Ge cells requiring process temperatures up to 600°C.
Wavefront measurements of distant phase-distorting layers along propagation path (2003)

A high-resolution phase contrast technique is applied for the measurement of an atmospheric-like artificial turbulence distribution along laser beam propagation path. This technique is based on a nonlinear Zernike wave front sensor that employs an optically addressed ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator. The measurements of dynamically changing phase distortions located at different distances from the wave front sensor were obtained. The spatial resolution, dynamic range, and time response of this technique are examined and compared with a theoretical analysis.