gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEAL: Multi-Model Ensemble via Adversarial Learning (2019)

Often the best performing deep neural models are ensembles of multiple base-level networks. Unfortunately, the space required to store these many networks, and the time required to execute them at test-time, prohibits their use in applications where test sets are large (e.g., ImageNet). In this paper, we present a method for compressing large, complex trained ensembles into a single network, where knowledge from a variety of trained deep neural networks (DNNs) is distilled and transferred to a single DNN. In order to distill diverse knowledge from different trained (teacher) models, we propose to use adversarial-based learning strategy where we define a block-wise training loss to guide and optimize the predefined student network to recover the knowledge in teacher models, and to promote the discriminator network to distinguish teacher vs. student features simultaneously. The proposed ensemble method (MEAL) of transferring distilled knowledge with adversarial learning exhibits three important advantages: (1) the student network that learns the distilled knowledge with discriminators is optimized better than the original model; (2) fast inference is realized by a single forward pass, while the performance is even better than traditional ensembles from multi-original models; (3) the student network can learn the distilled knowledge from a teacher model that has arbitrary structures. Extensive experiments on CIFAR-10/100, SVHN and ImageNet datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our MEAL method. On ImageNet, our ResNet-50 based MEAL achieves top-1/5 21.79%/5.99% val error, which outperforms the original model by 2.06%/1.14%.
Supplementary Table S1 from H3B-6527 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of FGFR4 in FGF19-Driven Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Crystallographic Data collection and Refinement Statistics.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: THE EFFECT OF GASEOUS SODIUM CHLORIDE ON THE OXIDATION OF NICKEL‐ALUMINUM (NIAL) (1978)

Abstract NaCl‐Dampf (100 bis 1 ppm) ver‐ ändert das Hochtemp.‐Oxidationsverhalten des in hitzebeständigen Beschichtungen ( ;z.B. in Gasturbinen) als Hauptkomponente enthaltenen Al 2 O 3 ‐Bildners NiAl wesentlich.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular (4 + 4)Cycloadditions. Part 5. The Type II Reaction in the Synthesis of Bicyclo(5.3.1)undecadienes. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cellular Interaction and Toxicity Depend on Physicochemical Properties and Surface Modification of Redox-Active Nanomaterials (2013)

The study of the chemical and biological properties of CeO2 nanoparticles (CNPs) has expanded recently due to its therapeutic potential, and the methods used to synthesize these materials are diverse. Moreover, conflicting reports exist regarding the toxicity of CNPs. To help resolve these discrepancies, we must first determine whether CNPs made by different methods are similar or different in their physicochemical and catalytic properties. In this paper, we have synthesized several forms of CNPs using identical precursors through a wet chemical process but using different oxidizer/reducer; H2O2 (CNP1), NH4OH (CNP2), or hexamethylenetetramine (HMT-CNP1). Physicochemical properties of these CNPs were extensively studied and found to be different depending on the preparation methods. Unlike CNP1 and CNP2, HMT-CNP1 was readily taken into endothelial cells and the aggregation can be visualized using light microscopy. Exposure to HMT-CNP1 also reduced cell viability at a 10-fold lower concentration than CNP1 or CNP2. Surprisingly, exposure to HMT-CNP1 led to substantial decreases in ATP levels. Mechanistic studies revealed that HMT-CNP1 exhibited substantial ATPase (phosphatase) activity. Though CNP2 also exhibits ATPase activity, CNP1 lacked ATPase activity. The difference in catalytic (ATPase) activity of different CNPs preparation may be due to differences in their morphology and oxygen extraction energy. These results suggest that the combination of increased uptake and ATPase activity of HMT-CNP1 may underlie the biomechanism of the toxicity of this preparation of CNPs and may suggest that ATPase activity should be considered when synthesizing CNPs for use in biomedical applications.
THE ALS/PDC SYNDROME OF GUAM AND THE CYCAD HYPOTHESIS (2009)

Lytico-bodig in Guam: Historical links between diet and illness during and after Spanish colonization ,
Utility of a human–mouse xenograft model and in vivo near‐infrared fluorescent imaging for studying wound healing (2013)

Abstract To study the complex cellular interactions involved in wound healing, it is essential to have an animal model that adequately mimics the human wound microenvironment. Currently available murine models are limited because wound contraction introduces bias into wound surface area measurements. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate utility of a human–mouse xenograft model for studying human wound healing. Normal human skin was harvested from elective abdominoplasty surgery, xenografted onto athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, and allowed to engraft for 3 months. The graft was then wounded using a 2‐mm punch biopsy. Wounds were harvested on sequential days to allow tissue‐based markers of wound healing to be followed sequentially. On the day of wound harvest, mice were injected with XenoLight RediJect cyclooxygenase‐2 ( COX ‐2) probe and imaged according to package instructions. Immunohistochemistry confirms that this human–mouse xenograft model is effective for studying human wound healing in vivo. Additionally, in vivo fluorescent imaging for inducible COX ‐2 demonstrated upregulation from baseline to day 4 ( P = 0·03) with return to baseline levels by day 10, paralleling the reepithelialisation of the wound. This human–mouse xenograft model, combined with in vivo fluorescent imaging provides a useful mechanism for studying molecular pathways of human wound healing.
Understanding the GIOVE-B broadcast codes of the Galileo system (2008)

Europe's second Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element (GIOVE-B) satellite was launched on April 27, 2008, at 22:16 UTC and successfully began transmission on May 7. On the same day, we observed signals in the L1, E5a, and E5b bands, with the L1 spectrum showing multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC) modulation. We then identified the generators for the Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) codes in each band. We revealed these codes to be 13- or 14-stage Gold codes, different from the memory codes in the Galileo Interface Control Document (ICD). The GIOVE-B PRN codes have the same code structure as those of the first Galileo test satellite, GIOVE-A. The code generators are the same except for the initial states. However, the signal modulation type in one of the frequency bands is different. The new modulation applied by GIOVE-B ensures more robustness to multipath.
Polythiophene Derivative with a Side Chain Chromophore as Photovoltaic and Photorefractive Materials (1993)

A new, solution processable, thiophene copolymer with a side chain nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore namely Poly(3-octylthiophene-co-N-(3-thenyl) -4-amino-2-nitro phenol) (POMDT) has been chemically synthesized. The copolymer was further functionalized with a photocrosslinkable cinnamoyl group, and was doped with a photocrosslinkable NLO dye. The poled, photocrosslinked, dye doped copolymer exhibited relatively large second order NLO effects (d33 = 18.6 pm/V and 3.3 pm/V at 1.064 micrometers and 1.542 micrometers, respectively). The NLO properties of the photocrosslinked samples were stable at room temperature for 100 hours. The combination of reasonably good second order optical nonlinearity with established photoconducting behavior of the polythiophenes allows these type of polymers to be candidate materials in photovoltaic and photorefractive applications. Polythiophene, Side-Chain Chromophore, Photovoltaic, Photorefractive, Photocrosslinkable NLO Polymer
Genetic circuitry of Survival motor neuron , the gene underlying spinal muscular atrophy (2013)

The clinical severity of the neurodegenerative disorder spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is dependent on the levels of functional Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein. Consequently, current strategies for developing treatments for SMA generally focus on augmenting SMN levels. To identify additional potential therapeutic avenues and achieve a greater understanding of SMN, we applied in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches to identify genetic and biochemical interactors of the Drosophila SMN homolog. We identified more than 300 candidate genes that alter an Smn-dependent phenotype in vivo. Integrating the results from our genetic screens, large-scale protein interaction studies, and bioinformatic analysis, we define a unique interactome for SMN that provides a knowledge base for a better understanding of SMA.
Investigation of readily processable thermoplastic-toughened thermosets. II. Epoxy toughened using a reactive solvent approach (1998)

The fracture toughness of epoxy thermosets was increased by up to 220% using very low-molecular-weight (∼ 1000 g/mol) imide thermoplastic. The objective was to produce a low-viscosity prepolymer that could be easily autoclave-processed to give a tough thermoset. Here, an homogenous epoxy prepolymer was prepared by first synthesizing very low-molecular-weight linear aromatic imide (∼ 1000 g/mol) directly in a liquid allyl phenol reactive solvent, followed by dissolution of the epoxy (Epon® 825) and the cure agent (DDS) directly in the thermoplastic solution. The allyl phenol both cures into the epoxy network, through phenol functional groups, and accelerates the cure. The viscosity of the pure epoxy was 1.4 Pa · S at 30°C. The prepolymer formulations ranged from ∼ 5–33 Pa · S at 30°C, but all reduced to less than 1 Pa · S at 90°C. The onset of cure is well above 90°C so the prepolymer viscosity is within the range for autoclave processing. The cured resin plaques were not transparent, but phase-separated domains were not found by scanning electron microscopy, indicating that the domain size is below the detection limit of the instrument. The reactive solvent causes a decrease in both the Tg and the high temperature modulus of the thermoset. Introduction of the thermoplastic results in partial recovery of the Tg and modulus. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 935–942, 1998
Chronic coronary artery stenosis induces impaired function of remote myocardium: MRI and spectroscopy study in rat (2003)

Our purpose was to study morphological, functional, and metabolic changes induced by chronic ischemia in myocardium supplied by the stenotic vessel and in the remote area by MR techniques. A new technique of image fusion is proposed for analysis of coronary artery stenosis involving coronary MR angiography and spectroscopic imaging. Cine-MRI was performed 2 wk after induction of coronary stenosis. Global heart function and regional wall thickening were determined in 11 Wistar rats with stenosis and compared with 7 control rats. Two weeks after stenosis was induced, spin-labeling MRI for measurement of perfusion was performed in 14 isolated hearts. In eight isolated hearts with coronary stenosis, MR spectroscopy was performed, followed by angiography. 31P metabolite maps were fused with three-dimensional coronary angiograms. Induction of stenosis led to reduced segmental wall thickening (control: 75 +/- 9%, ischemic region: 9 +/- 3%, P < 0.05 vs. control) but also to impaired function of the remote region and lower cardiac output. Perfusion was reduced by 74.9 +/- 4.0% within ischemic segments compared with a septal control region. The phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP ratio as a marker of ischemia was reduced in the region associated with stenosis (1.09 +/- 0.09) compared with remote (1.27 +/- 0.08) and control hearts (1.43 +/- 0.08; P < 0.05). The histological fraction of fibrosis within the ischemic region (12.8 +/- 1.4%) correlated to ATP signal reduction from remote to the ischemic region (r = 0.71, P < 0.05), but not to reduced wall thickening. Coronary narrowing caused declining function accompanied by diminished PCr/ATP, indicating impaired energy metabolism. Neither decline of function nor PCr signal decline correlated to fraction of fibrosis in histology. In contrast, reduction of ATP correlated to fibrosis and therefore to loss of viability. Impaired function within the ischemic region is associated with decreased PCr. Function of the remote region was affected as well. The fusion of PCr metabolite maps and the coronary angiogram may help to assess coronary morphology and resulting metabolic changes simultaneously.
Big data analytics on high Velocity streams: A case study (2013)

Big data management is often characterized by three Vs: Volume, Velocity and Variety. While traditional batch-oriented systems such as MapReduce are able to scale-out and process very large volumes of data in parallel, they also introduce some significant latency. In this paper, we focus on the second V (Velocity) of the Big Data triad; We present a case-study where we use a popular open-source stream processing engine (Storm) to perform real-time integration and trend detection on Twitter and Bitly streams. We describe our trend detection solution below and experimentally demonstrate that our architecture can effectively process data in real-time - even for high-velocity streams.
Mass spectrometry (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass spectrometryA. L. Burlingame, Anne. Dell, and David H. RussellCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 5, 363–409Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00242a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00242a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views658Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of a rearrangement in the 5' upstream region of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase pseudogene on chromosome 13 in Ewing's sarcoma cells (1996)

We have cloned a 3.0 kb SalI-Sau3AI fragment containing 5' upstream sequences of a human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARR) pseudogene from the Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cell line A4573. The nucleotide sequence of the entire cloned fragment has been determined. Nucleotide sequence homology and Southern hybridization analysis of a panel of human/hamster somatic cell hybrids allowed us to map the PARP 5' sequences to human chromosome 13. Because it has been reported that the duplication of a 193 bp within the PARP sequences on chromosome 13 results in a 2.7/2.5 kb HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), defined as A/B allele polymorphism, and that an elevated B allele frequency has been proposed to be associated with predisposition to cancer, we have analyzed ES cell lines for the presence of PARR-linked polymorphisms on chromosome 13. Using a probe from the cloned 5' PARP sequences, we found that ES cells homozygous (A/A) and heterozygous (A/B) for the 2.7/2.5 kb HindIII RFLP also differ in the organization of the genomic region upstream of the PARP pseudogene sequences. HindIII fragments of about 6.3, 10.5 and 22.0 kb were detected in A/B heterozygous cell lines (A4573 and SK-ES-1), whereas the A/A homozygous TC-106 ES cells showed fragments of about 6.6, 11.0 and 24.0 kb. This novel rearrangement on chromosome 13 may provide an additional marker to investigate cancer predisposition in human populations.
Meta-analysis of 1,200 transcriptomic profiles identifies a prognostic model for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2018)

ABSTRACT Background With a dismal 8% median 5-year overall survival (OS), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly lethal. Only 10-20% of patients are eligible for surgery, and over 50% of these will die within a year of surgery. Identify molecular predictors of early death would enable the selection of PDAC patients at high risk. Methods We developed the Pancreatic Cancer Overall Survival Predictor (PCOSP), a prognostic model built from a unique set of 89 PDAC tumors where gene expression was profiled using both microarray and sequencing platforms. We used a meta-analysis framework based on the binary gene pair method to create gene expression barcodes robust to biases arising from heterogeneous profiling platforms and batch effects. Leveraging the largest compendium of PDAC transcriptomic datasets to date, we show that PCOSP is a robust single-sample predictor of early death (≤1 yr) after surgery in a subset of 823 samples with available transcriptomics and survival data. Results The PCOSP model was strongly and significantly prognostic with a meta-estimate of the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.70 (P=1.9e-18) and hazard ratio (HR) of 1.95(1.6-2.3) (P=2.6e-16) for binary and survival predictions, respectively. The prognostic value of PCOSP was independent of clinicopathological parameters and molecular subtypes. Over-representation analysis of the PCOSP 2619 gene-pairs (1070 unique genes) unveiled pathways associated with Hedgehog signalling, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) signalling. Conclusion PCOSP could improve treatment decision by identifying patients who will not benefit from standard surgery/chemotherapy and may benefit from alternate approaches. Abbreviations AUROC Area under the receiver operating curve GO Gene annotation OS Overall survival PCOSP Pancreatic cancer overall survival predictor PDAC Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma TSP Top scoring pairs.
Soluble CD40 Ligand in Sera of Subjects Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection Reduces the Parasite Load in Macrophages (2015)

sCD40L from sera of subjects exposed to L. infantum is functional and improves both the control of parasite and production of inflamatory cytokines of infected macrophages. Although the mechanisms involved in parasite killing are still unclear and require further exploration, these findings indicate a protective role of sCD40L in visceral leishmaniasis.
First spine surgery utilizing real-time image-guided robotic assistance (2019)

Robotics in spinal surgery has significant potential benefits for both surgeons and patients, including reduced surgeon fatigue, improved screw accuracy, decreased radiation exposure, greater options for minimally invasive surgery, and less time required to train residents on techniques that can have steep learning curves. However, previous robotic systems have several drawbacks, which are addressed by the innovative ExcelsiusGPS<sup>TM</sup> robotic system. The robot is secured to the operating room floor, not the patient. It has a rigid external arm that facilitates direct transpedicular drilling and screw placement, without requiring K-wires. In addition, the ExcelsisuGPS<sup>TM</sup> has integrated neuronavigation, not present in other systems. It also has surveillance marker that immediately alerts the surgeon in the event of loss of registration, and a lateral force meter to alert the surgeon in the event of skiving. Here, we present the first spinal surgery performed with the assistance of this newly approved robot. The surgery was performed with excellent screw placement, minimal radiation exposure to the patient and surgeon, and the patient had a favorable outcome. We report the first operative case with the ExcelsisuGPS<sup>TM</sup>, and the first spine surgery utilizing real-time image-guided robotic assistance.
Coordinated Longitudinal and Lateral Motion Control of Vehicles for IVHS (1998)

This paper presents a systematic design of the combined control of vehicle longitudinal and lateral motions for the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). A fully coordinated control of the steering and the accelerating/braking actions is presented to maximize the ability of distributing the traction forces in a desired way. This control method covers a broad range of driving condition by removing several conventional simplification on vehicle dynamics, such as the linearized lateral traction force assumption, the bicycle model assumption, and the non-slip assumption. The nominal traction force concept is also introduced to handle the unknown traction forces. Robust Adaptive Control (RAC) by backstepping for MIMO nonlinear systems is utilized to control the unmatched nonlinear vehicle dynamics, in the presence of parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities.
TRANSPLANTATION IN MINIATURE SWINE (1979)

Renal allografts were performed between and among animals from three herds of miniature swine that were selectively inbred to homozygosity at the major histocompatibility complex, MSLA. The results suggest several genetic factors which influence the survival of renal allografts in these animals. As expected, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was of dominant importance, and all MSLA-mismatched grafts were rejected promptly (12 +/- 3.7 days). Some MSLA-matched grafts were also rejected (30 +/- 15.0 days), indicating that non-MSLA loci also determine antigens which can lead to kidney rejection. Other MSLA-matched grafts were accepted indefinitely. At least one immune response gene that determined ability to reject kidneys across non-MSLA differences seemed to be segregating in our swine population. Animals that had accepted MSLA-matched renal grafts for extended periods demonstrated markedly prolonged survival of subsequent donor skin grafts compared to skin graft survival across the same non-MSLA difference in normal animals. This finding suggests that failure to reject kidneys across non-MSLA differences indicates systemic tolerance, and that there may be a relationship between the induction of such tolerance and the proposed immune response gene controlling rejection.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF 2,6‐BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANYLIDENAMINO)PHENOLS AND THE CORRESPONDING AROXYLS (1979)

Abstract Die p‐substituierten Titelverbindungen (III) werden durch Umsetzung der Diaminophenole (I), Produkte der katalytischen Hydrierung der Dinitro‐Analogen, mit dem aus Triphenylphosphin und molekularem Brom dargestellten Phosphoran (II) in situ erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: Deduction of the Activation Parameters for Ring Expansion and Intersystem Crossing in Fluorinated Singlet Phenylnitrenes (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.