gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Pathogenicity inXanthomonas campestrispv.vesicatoriaare Related to Proteins Involved in Secretion in Bacterial Pathogens of Animals (1992)

One of the model systems investigated for studying plant bacterial pathogenesis is Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of pepper and tomato. Genes necessary for both basic pathogenicity and the induction of the hypersensitive response in resistant plants (hrp genes) were previously isolated from X. c. pv. vesicatoria and characterized genetically. As a first step toward functional analysis, part of the hrp gene cluster, making up several loci, was sequenced. Here, we report the first indications of the function of hrp genes. Striking similarities to proteins from the mammalian pathogens Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pestis, and other bacteria were discovered. Proteins encoded by genes within the X. c. pv. vesicatoria loci hrpA, hrpB, and hrpC are similar to ATPases and to Yersinia Ysc and LcrD proteins, which are involved in secretion of Yop proteins, a particular class of essential pathogenicity factors produced by Yersinia species. This finding indicates, for the first time, that the fundamental determinants of pathogenicity may be conserved among bacterial pathogens of plants and animals. We hypothesize that hrp genes are involved in the secretion of molecules essential for the interaction of X. c. pv. vesicatoria with the plant.
OC005—Biases On The Administered Parenteral Doses Of An Experimental Drug During Phase I Clinical Trials (2013)

The pharmaceutical aspects of drug administration in clinical trials receive poor consideration compared with the important attention devoted to the analytical and mathematical aspects of biological sample exploitation. During PK calculations, many researchers merely use for dose the nominal amount declared, overlooking the noticeable biases that may result in the assessment of PK parameters. The aim of this work was to evaluate the biases related to doses injected of a biosimilar drug in 2 Phase I clinical trials.
Chip scale integration of optical microresonator sensors with digital microfludics systems (2008)

Chip scale integration of optical microresonator sensors with digital microfluidics systems has been demonstrated. Glucose solution of different concentrations were dispensed, actuated, and sensed on this lab-on-chip platform.
Two‐photon absorption induced anti‐Stokes emission in single InGaN/GAN quantum‐dot‐like objects (2013)

Abstract We observed crossed transitions and anti‐Stokes emissions in single quantum‐dot‐like objects embedded in the active layer of InGaN/GaN quantum disks by two‐photon absorption techniques. We proposed a phenomenological model based on the interplay between Auger effect and crossed transitions to explain the origin of anti‐Stokes emissions and the preferential excitation of 0D objects at the expense of their surroundings. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimum Design of MMC-Based ES-STATCOM Systems: The Role of the Submodule Reference Voltage (2020)

In recent years, the combination of battery energy storage (ES) systems and static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) in a single device, known as ES-STATCOM, has been studied by both academia and industry. The modular multilevel converter is an interesting candidate for ES-STATCOM realization. The integration of batteries based on dc/dc converter presents advantages in terms of design flexibility. However, there is a gap in the literature in terms of design and cost optimization of ES-STATCOM systems. To fill this void, this article provides a methodology to support engineers to design and perform cost optimization of ES-STATCOM systems. Both capital expenditures and operational expenditures due to energy losses and battery replacement are taken into account. The methodology identifies what is the optimum submodule voltage reference, which minimizes the ES-STATCOM total cost for a given target of operating time. A lifetime model is employed to predict if battery replacement is required. This model computes the battery capacity fade caused by the operation mission profile considering both calendar and cycling aging mechanisms. The case study is based on a 25 MVA/75 MWh ES-STATCOM connected to a 34.5 kV grid, which provides ancillary services for a photovoltaic power plant. Different rated blocking voltages are assumed for the semiconductor devices. Moreover, different maximum and minimum allowed state-of-charge are adopted in the converter design. The proposed methodology can also be used to find the optimum combination of the battery and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) part-numbers based on a given initial set.
Analysis of multi-phase interaction and its effects on keyhole dynamics with a multi-physics numerical model (2014)

A numerical model is developed to investigate the three-dimensional transient dynamics of the keyhole in continuous welding processes with/without assisting gas. The model features the utilization of the sharp interface method for accurate consideration of the complex boundary conditions on the keyhole wall and a comprehensive hydrodynamic calculation for both the gaseous and liquid phases. The model gives good prediction of the weld geometry, and more importantly, provides detailed information regarding the multi-phase interaction and its effects on keyhole dynamics. It is shown that different welding parameters can cause different coupling effects between the vapour plume and molten pool and hence produce keyholes of different shapes. The addition of assisting gas flow not only modifies the interaction between the vapour plume and molten pool, but also reduces the laser attenuation by the plume. These two-folded effects can significantly change the keyhole shape. The dependence of laser absorptivity on incidence angle is found to be a major source of keyhole fluctuation. If the welding heat input is high and the keyhole is deep, vertical and slim, the fluctuation may cause keyhole collapse and hence porosity in the final weldment.
Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of four dimensional signaling schemes subject to ISI (2003)

A maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) algorithm is derived for decision making in a receiver used for detection of four-dimensional signaling schemes. This algorithm operates directly on the output of two complex matched filters and can be considered as an extension of the modified version of the Viterbi algorithm. As a measure of performance, a bound on the probability of error is derived, and the effect of intersymbol interferences (ISIs) present at the matched filters' output on the error performance of the receiver is discussed and illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Femtosecond self- and cross-phase modulation in semiconductor laser amplifiers (1996)

We present detailed derivation of our new model for femtosecond pulse amplification in semiconductor laser amplifiers. The various dynamic nonlinear terms of gain compression and associated self-phase modulation are derived semiphenomenologically, and are discussed physically. Included are the effects of carrier depletion, carrier heating and spectral hole-burning, as well as linear and two photon absorption and the instantaneous nonlinear index. Additionally, we account for dynamically changing gain curvature and slope. We apply the theory to strong signal cross-phase-cross-gain modulation experiments with /spl sim/500 fs pulses in a broad area GaAs amplifier and show that the model accurately describes the observed complex phenomena. We also present experimental results on single beam strong signal amplification in two different quantum-well amplifiers using 150-200 fs duration pulses. For such pulse lengths, carrier heating becomes an integrating nonlinearity and its self-phase modulation is similar to that due to carrier depletion. Additionally, since the pulse spectrum is broad, the gain slope and curvature shift and narrow it. The resultant spectral distortions are very different than observed (and modeled) earlier for the /spl sim/500 fs pulses. The model is again able to correctly describe the evolution of these ultrashort pulses, indicating that it remains valid, even though pulse durations approach the intraband relaxation time.
Generalized Coordinated Multipoint Framework for 5G and Beyond (2021)

The characteristic feature of 5G and beyond networks is the diversity of services, which is required to support different user needs. However, the requirements for these services are often competing in nature, which impresses the necessity of a coordinated and flexible network architecture. Although coordinated multipoint (CoMP) systems were primarily proposed to improve the cell edge performance in 4G, their collaborative nature can be leveraged to support the diverse requirements and enabling technologies of 5G and beyond networks. To this end, we propose the generalization of CoMP to a proactive and efficient resource management framework capable of supporting different user requirements such as reliability, latency, throughput, and security while considering network constraints. This article elaborates on the multiple aspects, inputs, and outputs of the generalized CoMP (GCoMP) framework. Apart from user requirements, the GCoMP decision mechanism also considers the CoMP scenario and network architecture to decide upon outputs such as CoMP scheme or appropriate coordinating clusters. To enable easier understanding of the concept, a case study illustrating the effect of different combinations of GCoMP framework's outputs on varying user requirements is presented.
Problems with the Dartmouth wireless SNMP data collection (2003)

The original Dartmouth wireless network study [KE02, KE03] used SNMP to query the college&amp;apos;s Cisco 802.11b access points. The perl scripts that performed the SNMP queries suffered from some problems, in that they queried inappropriate SNMP values, or misunderstood the meaning of other values. This data was also used in a subsequent analysis [Lee03]. This document outlines these problems and indicates which of the data collected by the original scripts may be invalid.
Connecting the Brain to Itself through an Emulation (2017)

Pilot clinical trials of human patients implanted with devices that can chronically record and stimulate ensembles of hundreds to thousands of individual neurons offer the possibility of expanding the substrate of cognition. Parallel trains of firing rate activity can be delivered in real-time to an array of intermediate external modules that in turn can trigger parallel trains of stimulation back into the brain. These modules may be built in software, VLSI firmware, or biological tissue as <i>in vitro</i> culture preparations or <i>in vivo</i> ectopic construct organoids. Arrays of modules can be constructed as early stage whole brain emulators, following canonical intra- and inter-regional circuits. By using machine learning algorithms and classic tasks known to activate quasi-orthogonal functional connectivity patterns, bedside testing can rapidly identify ensemble tuning properties and in turn cycle through a sequence of external module architectures to explore which can causatively alter perception and behavior. Whole brain emulation both (1) serves to augment human neural function, compensating for disease and injury as an auxiliary parallel system, and (2) has its independent operation bootstrapped by a human-in-the-loop to identify optimal micro- and macro-architectures, update synaptic weights, and entrain behaviors. In this manner, closed-loop brain-computer interface pilot clinical trials can advance strong artificial intelligence development and forge new therapies to restore independence in children and adults with neurological conditions.
Application and Limitations of Nanocasting in Metal–Organic Frameworks (2018)

Nanocasting can be a useful strategy to transfer the catalytic metal clusters in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to an all-inorganic support such as silica. The incorporation of silica in the MOF pores as a secondary support has the potential to extend the application of the highly tunable metal-based active sites in MOFs to high temperature catalysis. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of the nanocasting method to a range of MOFs that incorporate catalytically attractive hexazirconium, hexacerium, or pentanickel oxide-based clusters (UiO-66, (Ce)UiO-66, (Ce)UiO-67, (Ce)MOF-808, DUT-9, and In- and Ni-postmetalated NU-1000). We describe, in tutorial form, the challenges associated with nanocasting of MOFs that are related to their small pore size and to considerations of chemical and mechanical stability, and we provide approaches to overcome some of these challenges. Some of these nanocast materials feature the site-isolated clusters in a porous, thermally stable silica matrix, suitable for catalysis at high temperatures; in others, structural rearrangement of clusters or partial cluster aggregation occurs, but extensive aggregation can be mitigated by the silica skeleton introduced during nanocasting.
Metabolic Implications of Continent Urinary Diversions (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Metabolic Implications of Continent Urinary Diversions Brett B. Abernathy, Claus G. Roehrborn, and Glenn M. Preminger Brett B. AbernathyBrett B. Abernathy More articles by this author , Claus G. RoehrbornClaus G. Roehrborn More articles by this author , and Glenn M. PremingerGlenn M. Preminger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75554-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Metabolic Implications of Continent Urinary Diversions." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 204A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 204A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Brett B. Abernathy More articles by this author Claus G. Roehrborn More articles by this author Glenn M. Preminger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Combined common peroneal and tibial nerve injury after knee dislocation: one injury or two? An MRI-clinical correlation (2015)

OBJECT Knee dislocations are often accompanied by stretch injuries to the common peroneal nerve (CPN). A small subset of these injuries also affect the tibial nerve. The mechanism of this combined pattern could be a single longitudinal stretch injury of the CPN extending to the sciatic bifurcation (and tibial division) or separate injuries of both the CPN and tibial nerve, either at the level of the tibiofemoral joint or distally at the soleal sling and fibular neck. The authors reviewed cases involving patients with knee dislocations with CPN and tibial nerve injuries to determine the localization of the combined injury and correlation between degree of MRI appearance and clinical severity of nerve injury. METHODS Three groups of cases were reviewed. Group 1 consisted of knee dislocations with clinical evidence of nerve injury (n = 28, including 19 cases of complete CPN injury); Group 2 consisted of knee dislocations without clinical evidence of nerve injury (n = 19); and Group 3 consisted of cases of minor knee trauma but without knee dislocation (n = 14). All patients had an MRI study of the knee performed within 3 months of injury. MRI appearance of tibial and common peroneal nerve injury was scored by 2 independent radiologists in 3 zones (Zone I, sciatic bifurcation; Zone II, knee joint; and Zone III, soleal sling and fibular neck) on a severity scale of 1-4. Injury signal was scored as diffuse or focal for each nerve in each of the 3 zones. A clinical score was also calculated based on Medical Research Council scores for strength in the tibial and peroneal nerve distributions, combined with electrophysiological data, when available, and correlated with the MRI injury score. RESULTS Nearly all of the nerve segments visualized in Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated some degree of injury on MRI (95%), compared with 12% of nerve segments in Group 3. MRI nerve injury scores were significantly more severe in Group 1 relative to Group 2 (2.06 vs 1.24, p < 0.001) and Group 2 relative to Group 3 (1.24 vs 0.13, p < 0.001). In both groups of patients with knee dislocations (Groups 1 and 2), the MRI nerve injury score was significantly higher for CPN than tibial nerve (2.72 vs 1.40 for Group 1, p < 0.001; 1.39 vs 1.09 for Group 2, p < 0.05). The clinical injury score had a significantly strong correlation with the MRI injury score for the CPN (r = 0.75, p < 0.001), but not for the tibial nerve (r = 0.07, p = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS MRI is highly sensitive in detecting subclinical nerve injury. In knee dislocation, clinical tibial nerve injury is always associated with simultaneous CPN injury, but tibial nerve function is never worse than peroneal nerve function. The point of maximum injury can occur in any of 3 zones.
New fluorescent tetraphenylporphyrin-based dendrimers with alkene-linked fluorenyl antennae designed for oxygen sensitization (2021)

The design of porphyrin-based dendrimers featuring conjugated fluorenyl dendrons via alkene spacers allows evaluating the importance of the role of these spacers on the optical properties of interest. In the continuation of previous studies, a second-generation porphyrin-based dendrimer was synthesized and metalated by Zn(II) along with its known first-generation homologue. The targeted free-base porphyrin was obtained by repetitively cycling a Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction and a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction to construct the desired vinyl-containing dendrons. After metalation by Zn(II), meso -tetraphenylporphyrin-cored dendrimers with eight ( ZnTPP-D1 ) and sixteen ( ZnTPP-D2 ) fluorenyl arms at their periphery were eventually isolated. These species allow evaluating the influence of the central metal and of the 1,2-alkyne for 1,2-alkene exchange on fluorescence, oxygen photosensitization, and two-photon absorption. Such structure–property relationships are currently needed for the design of optimal dendrimeric photosensitizers allowing combined two-photon-based photodynamic therapy (2P-PDT) and imaging.
Sector beam synthesis for cellular systems using phased antenna arrays (2000)

Cell sectorization is used extensively to increase the capacity of cellular systems; however, intersector interference caused by nonideal sector antennas limits full realization of sectorization benefits. We propose a new technique for sector beam synthesis using phased antenna arrays. We adopt the criterion of minimizing intersector interference, subject to a peak-to-peak ripple constraint on the in-sector power pattern. Spectral factorization permits a reparameterization yielding an easily solved fractional linear program. The proposed procedure accommodates nonisotropic antenna elements, arbitrary element sparing, and arbitrary sector boundaries, but is limited to uniformly spaced linear arrays. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed method, it is used to predict antenna array size requirements for a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) cellular system.
haldensify: Highly Adaptive Lasso Conditional Density Estimation (2020)

Conditional density estimation is a longstanding and challenging problem in statistical theory, and numerous proposals exist for optimally estimating such complex functions. Algorithms for nonparametric estimation of conditional densities based on a pooled hazard regression formulation and semiparametric estimation via conditional hazards modeling are implemented based on the highly adaptive lasso, a nonparametric regression function for efficient estimation with fast convergence under mild assumptions. The pooled hazards formulation implemented was first described by Díaz and van der Laan (2011) &lt;https://doi.org/10.2202/1557-4679.1356&gt;.
Comparison of Color Difference Perception on Soft-Display Versus Hardcopy (1994)

As computers and color monitors are becoming cheaper and more ubiquitous, the need to understand color perception on soft-display and how it relates to color perception on hardcopy becomes crucial. While the demand for &#x201C;what you see in soft-display is what you get in hardcopy&#x201D; is mounting, many hurdles are yet to be overcome. The difficulties are a result of the differences in their color gamuts, viewing conditions, nature of lumination (emissive vs reflective), color reproduction method (additive vs subtractive), etc. Due to these intrinsic differences, the problem of softcopy/hardcopy matching in a general sense could not be adequately tackled without answering some of the more fundamental questions of color perception in the two different media of interest.On the other hand, even if the general problem of softcopy/hardcopy matching may not be completely resolved in the near future, a partial solution will still be very valuable if it could be established that results of certain psychophysical experiments done in soft-display under controlled viewing conditions could be translated to similar experiments done in hardcopy under its normal viewing conditions. Two advantages are the time and cost savings in setting up the experiments. Psychophysical experiments involving images or color patches in hardcopy often take months to set up due to the difficulty of generating the desired samples. In comparison, the soft-display environment, once it is calibrated, is more stable and results in faster and cheaper setup for similar experiments.Another advantage of conducting experiments in soft-display is that the subjects only have to use the keyboard and/or mouse instead of physically manipulating the test objects. This again results in noticeable savings in time. As a by-product, data entries are done by the subjects during the experiments thus eliminating the process of key-punching and related scribal errors. Furthermore, other interesting statistics such as keying sequence and timing data can be collected for later analysis if necessary.With all the above mentioned incentives, an experiment was conducted to address one of these cross-media questions, namely, color difference perception in hardcopy vs soft-display. While similar experiments have been done, this one concentrates on color difference with a delta E of around five to ten. More specifically, this color difference experiment is done on soft-display mimicking that done by Sayer and Skipper on photographic reproductions to compare the results of the two methods.