gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contralateral Breast Management Related to Breast Reconstruction in Korean Females (2010)

Purpose: The final purpose of post mastectomy reconstruction is a balanced, symmetrical, pleasing appearance for both breasts. However, in cases where women have an unattractive breast, which may be small, ptotic or huge, remodeling of the contralateral breast may be desirable. Surgical options available for the contralateral breast included breast augmentation using implants, mastopexy, and reduction mammoplasty. Methods: All patients who underwent unilateral breast reconstruction at Kyungpook National University Hospital from September of 2006 to February of 2008 were included in this study. The methods of reconstruction included transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and the use of implants. Contralateral procedures to achieve symmetry included augmentation, mastopexy, and reduction. Results: A total of 57 patients were evaluated, including 45 immediate, and 12 delayed reconstructions. Twenty-six of these patients underwent contralateral breast management (augmentation [12], mastopexy [11], and reduction [3]). The average age was 44.9 years and the mean follow up interval was 13 months. Most of the patients were satisfied with the symmetry, clothed appearance, nude appearance, aesthetics, and consistency. Sixtysix percent (8 of 12) of delayed reconstruction patients had a symmetry procedure performed on the opposite breast, compared with 40 percent (18 of 45) of the immediate-reconstruction patients. No complications were observed on the contralateral breasts undergoing symmetrization. Conclusion: Contralateral management in breast reconstruction can provide symmetry with the reconstructed breast contour and aesthetically satisfactory results in a safe manner. Immediate symmetrization procedure also can avoid secondary operations and offer psychological benefits without delaying adjuvant therapy.
Characterization of Tunnel Barriers in Polycrystalline Silicon Point-Contact Single-Electron Transistors (2002)

Potential barrier properties of grain boundaries in polycrystalline silicon have been studied using nanometer-scale point-contact transistors. The devices, with channel length and width ranging from 30 nm to 50 nm, were fabricated in a 50-nm-thick film. We found that grain boundaries oxidized at 1000°C acted as tunneling barriers, resulting in the appearance of single-electron charging effects. However, potential barrier heights estimated for oxidized grain boundaries are still low, less than 90 meV, and barrier thickness is as large as ∼4 nm. The grain boundary oxides appear to be silicon sub-oxides which are formed by oxygen diffusion into grain boundaries.
Confined magnetoelastic waves in thin waveguides (2021)

The characteristics of confined magnetoelastic waves in nanoscale ferromagnetic magnetostrictive waveguides have been investigated by a combination of analytical and numerical calculations. The presence of both magnetostriction and inverse magnetostriction leads to the coupling between confined spin waves and elastic Lamb waves. Numerical simulations of the coupled system have been used to extract the dispersion relations of the magnetoelastic waves as well as their mode profiles.
Spectral Methods for Supervised Topic Models (2014)

Supervised topic models simultaneously model the latent topic structure of large collections of documents and a response variable associated with each docu-ment. Existing inference methods are based on either variational approximation or Monte Carlo sampling. This paper presents a novel spectral decomposition algo-rithm to recover the parameters of supervised latent Dirichlet allocation (sLDA) models. The Spectral-sLDA algorithm is provably correct and computationally efficient. We prove a sample complexity bound and subsequently derive a suffi-cient condition for the identifiability of sLDA. Thorough experiments on a diverse range of synthetic and real-world datasets verify the theory and demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the algorithm. 1
In vivo efficacy of PF1022A and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists alone and in combination against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (2013)

The cyclooctadepsipeptide PF1022A and the aminophenylamidines amidantel, deacylated amidantel (dAMD) and tribendimidine were tested as examples for drug classes potentially interesting for development as anthelmintics against human helminthiases. These compounds and levamisole were tested alone and in combination to determine their efficacy against the rat hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. After three oral treatments, intestinal worms were counted. Drug effects on parasite morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Plasma pharmacokinetics were determined for tribendimidine and dAMD. All drugs reduced worm burden in a dose-dependent manner, however amidantel was significantly less active than the other aminophenylamidines. Combinations of tribendimidine and dAMD with levamisole or PF1022A at suboptimal doses revealed additive effects. While PF1022A caused virtually no changes in morphology, levamisole, dAMD and tribendimidine caused severe contraction, particularly in the hind body region. Worms exposed to combinations of PF1022A and aminophenylamidines were indistinguishable from worms exposed only to aminophenylamidines. After oral treatment with tribendimidine, only the active metabolite dAMD was detectable in plasma and concentrations were not significantly different for oral treatment with dAMD. The results support further evaluation of cyclooctadepsipeptides alone and in combination with cholinergic drugs to improve efficacy. Combining these with registered drugs may help to prevent development of resistance.
Field‐of‐view limitations in parallel imaging (2004)

Parallel imaging is one of the most promising developments in recent years for the acceleration of MR acquisitions. One area of practical importance where different parallel imaging methods perform differently is the manner in which they deal with aliasing in the full-FOV reconstructed image. It has been reported that sensitivity encoding (SENSE) reconstruction fails whenever the reconstructed FOV is smaller than the object being imaged. On the other hand, generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) has been used successfully to reconstruct images with aliasing in the reconstructed FOV, as in conventional imaging. The disparate behavior of these methods can be easily demonstrated by a few simple illustrative examples. Additional in vivo examples using GRAPPA and modified SENSE (mSENSE) make this distinction clear. These experiments demonstrate that SENSE fails to reconstruct correct images when coil sensitivity maps are used that do not automatically account for the object size and therefore the aliasing in the reconstructed images. However, with the use of aliased high-resolution coil sensitivity maps, accurate SENSE reconstructions can be generated. On the other hand, GRAPPA produces images with an aliasing appearance that is exactly as would be expected from normal nonaccelerated acquisitions. An understanding of these effects could potentially lead to fewer operator-dependent errors, as well as a better understanding of the differences between the underlying reconstruction processes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Approach to E,Z‐Dienes Using the Julia Olefination. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spectroscopic and magnetic properties of heptacyanomolybdate(III). Evidence for pentagonal-bipyramidal and monocapped trigonal-prismatic structures (1973)

Several salts containing the Mo(CN)_7^(4-) ion have been studied by a variety of spectroscopic and magnetic techniques. Infrared and Raman spectral data together with magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest a pentagonal-bipyramidal (D_(Sh)) structure (2E_1"-(e_1")^3 ground state) for Mo(CN)_7^(4-) in aqueous solutions of K_4Mo(CN)_7•2H_2O. Anhydrous K_4Mo(CN), and solid Cs_4Mo(CN)_7xH_2O also appear to contain pentagonal-bipyramidal anions. Solid K_4Mo(CN)_7•2H_2O, however, exhibits infrared and Raman spectra that differ from the aqueous solution results. The esr spectrum of the dihydrate, which can be observed only below 150ºK, gives&#13;\ngII = 2.103 and g_⊥= 1.973. The g values and a µ_(eff) = 1.73 BM are consistent with a ^2A_1(a_2)^2(a_1)^1 ground state of a monocapped trigonal-prismatic (C_(2v) coordination geometry. Electronic spectral bands at 16,100, 20,900, and 22,500 cm^(-1) in crystalline K_4Mo(CN)_7•2H_2O are assigned respectively to the d-d transitions ^2A_1 → ^2A_2, ^2A_1, → ^2B_2, and ^2A_1, → ^2B_1,. The lowest spin-allowed d-d transition in D_(sh) Mo(CN)_7^(4-), occurs at 24,900 cm^(-1).
TU-D-ValB-02: KV Tomographic Image Guided Radiotherapy (2006)

Purpose: To account for geometrical uncertainties during radiotherapy, safety margins are applied. In many cases, these margins overlap organs at risk thereby limiting dose escalation. The aim of image-guided radiotherapy is to improve the accuracy by imaging tumor and critical structures on the machine just prior to irradiation. NKI collaborated in the development of a kV cone beam CT guided accelerator. Method and Materials: The chosen imaging dose is 3 cGy for prostate, 1 cGy for head and 2 cGy for lung, 4D scanning. The availability of high quality tomographic images and automatic image registration on the machine leads to many new clinical applications, such as high precision hypofractionated treatments of brain metastases and solitary long tumors with on-line tumor position corrections. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) of prostate cancer is now also in routine use. We adapt to the average prostate and rectum using cone beam scans made during the first week of treatment. Results: The prostate is located automatically in 85% of prostate scans. Even though we use laxatives, the main confounding factor is short-term mobility due to moving gas that causes streak artifacts in the CT reconstructions. Our ART protocol allows reducing the margin from 10 to 7 mm. Patient localization with 1 mm accuracy (bony anatomy) is easily achieved with the current equipment. Pre- and post-treatment scans demonstrate negligible motion of about 0.5 mm SD, both for brain and bladder cancer patients. Conclusion: The availability of cone beam CT on the linear accelerator makes ART very efficient and more accurate, since problem duplicating the setup on the CT scanner are avoided. For all image-guided protocols, the residual uncertainties need to be taken into account, and the safe level of margin reduction evaluated. In conclusion, kV cone beam CT guided radiotherapy is now very much a clinical reality. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand strengths and weaknesses of kV cone beam CT guided radiotherapy. 2. Understand which clinical protocols are most suitable for this technique. 3. Understand the necessity of careful uncertainty analysis and margin selection, especially with image guidance. This research was partially sponsored by Elekta Oncology Systems.
Critical Roles of Cold Shock Domain Protein A as an Endogenous Angiogenesis Inhibitor in Skeletal Muscle (2011)

CSDA appears to play a critical role as an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor in skeletal muscle, and RNA interference targeting of CSDA is a promising gene therapy strategy for treating peripheral arterial disease.
A panel of unique HLA-A2 mutant molecules define epitopes recognized by HLA-A2-specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1989)

HLA-A2.1 and HLA-A2.3, which differ from one another at residues 149, 152, and 156, can be distinguished by the mAb CR11-351 and many allogeneic and xenogeneic CTL. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to incorporate several different amino acid substitutions at each of these positions in HLA-A2.1 to evaluate their relative importance to serologic and CTL-defined epitopes. Recognition by mAb CR11-351 was completely lost when Thr but not Pro was substituted for Ala149. A model to explain this result based on the 3-dimensional structure of HLA-A2.1 is presented. In screening eight other mAb, only the substitutions of Pro for Val152 or Gly for Leu156 led to the loss of mAb binding. Because other non-conservative substitutions at these same positions had no effect, these results suggest that the loss of serologic epitopes is in many cases due to a more indirect effect on molecular conformation. Specificity analysis using 28 HLA-A2.1-specific alloreactive and xenoreactive CTL clones showed 19 distinct patterns of recognition. The epitopes recognized by alloreactive CTL clones demonstrated a pronounced effect by all substitutions at residue 152, including the very conservation substitution of Ala for Val. Overall, the most disruptive substitution at amino acid residue 152 was Pro, followed by Glu, Gln, and then Ala. In contrast, substitutions at 156 had little or no effect on allogeneic CTL recognition, and most clones tolerated either Gly, Ser, or Trp at this position. Similar results were seen using a panel of murine HLA-A2.1-specific CTL clones, except that substitutions at position 156 had a greater effect. The most disruptive substitution was Trp, followed by Ser and then Gly. In addition, when assessed on the entire panel of CTL, the effects of Glu and Gln substitutions at position 152 demonstrated that the introduction of a charge difference is no more disruptive than a comparable change in side chain structure that does not alter charge. Taken together, these results indicate that the effect of amino acid replacements at positions 152 and 156 on CTL-defined epitopes depends strongly on the nature of the substitution. Thus, considerable caution must be exercised in evaluating the significance of particular positions on the basis of single mutations. Nonetheless, the more extensive analysis conducted here indicates that there are differences among residues in the class I Ag "binding pocket," with residue 152 playing a relatively more important role in formation of allogeneic CTL-defined epitopes than residue 156.
AC 2007-485: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCES THAT PROMOTE RECRUITMENT INTO THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (2007)

There is a tremendous and rapidly growing demand for midand entry-level Environmental Engineers at consulting/engineering firms and utilities in many regions of the United States, and what seems to be a considerable increase in starting salaries offered by engineering consulting firms in the last two to three years is apparent. Furthermore, a Masters degree has become almost a necessity for entry-level engineers practicing in the areas of water and wastewater treatment and industrial waste management, particularly as more complex systems are evaluated and designed. The Environmental Engineering field seems to be moving to a point where a Masters degree is required to be proficient in the workforce, and the Ph.D. is the defining degree for technical work. At the undergraduate level, the objective should be to integrate realistic, useful, and externally-funded research experiences into undergraduate engineering education in a well-equipped laboratory, while at the same time providing a valuable service to regional industries, utilities, and consulting firms. These experiences bolster interest among students in the technical and scientific aspects of Environmental Engineering, thereby enticing and better preparing students to pursue these topics in graduate school and in future careers. These projects also expose undergraduates to both the environmental engineering profession (collaboration with practicing engineers) and larger research universities.
High Pixel Count Holography (2011)

Relatively low cost focal arrays and the availability of high performance digital processing enable computational holographic imaging on unprecedented scale. This talk describes recent progress in registration and optimization algorithm.
Inflammatory and alternatively activated human macrophages attract vessel-associated stem cells, relying on separate HMGB1- and MMP-9-dependent pathways (2009)

Inflammatory macrophages recruited at the site of damaged muscles progressively acquire an alternative activation profile. Inflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages exert various and even opposite functions. M1 cells amplify tissue damage, and M2 cells dispose of necrotic fibers and deliver survival signals to myogenic precursors, finally supporting healing. A critical step in muscle healing is the recruitment of myogenic stem cells, including vessel-associated stem cells (mesoangioblasts), which have been demonstrated to home to damaged skeletal muscle selectively and preferentially. Little information is available about the signals involved and the role played by infiltrating macrophages. Here, we report that the polarization of macrophages dramatically skews the secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), TNF-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), molecules involved in the regulation of cell diapedesis and migration. All polarized macrophage populations were strikingly effective at inducing mesoangioblast migration. By means of specific inhibitors, we verified that the recruitment of mesoangioblasts requires the secretion of HMGB1 and TNF-alpha by M1 cells and of MMP-9 by M2 cells. Together, these data demonstrate a feature, unrecognized previously, of macrophages: their ability to attract stem cells, which is conserved throughout their polarization. Moreover, they open the possibility of novel strategies, aimed at interfering selectively with signals that recruit blood-derived stem cells toward pro- or anti-inflammatory macrophages.
Facilitated Aerosol Sizing Using the Differential Mobility Analyzer (1990)

The electrostatic size analysis of polydisperse aerosols using a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) has been studied from the following two standpoints: (1) the faster measurement of electrical mobility distribution, arid (2) the correction of particle loss by Brownian diffusion in the data inversion, fn electrical mobility measurements, the number of mobility channels in a scan of the full mobility range is decreased and the full electrical mobility distribution is estimated by interpolation with a spline fitting. The correction of the Brownian diffusive losses of particles in the DMA including a neutralizer are combined with the data inversion method in order to evaluate the size distribution of aerosols unaffected by the particle loss. The reliability of the corrected data inversion method is confirmed by the experiment, and the particle size distribution of an aerosol is determined within several minutes by means of a faster scanning technique.
Strong perturbation of the guided light within Y2O3:Eu3+ thin-film phosphors coated with two-dimensional air-hole photonic crystal arrays (2007)

Two-dimensional (2D) triangular-lattice air-hole nanoarrays of either SiO2 or SiNx were fabricated with nanosphere lithography as photonic crystal layers (PCLs) on sol-gel derived Y2O3:Eu3+ thin-film phosphors (TFPs). The effects of varying the air fill factor of the 2D PCLs on the light extraction efficiency of the TFPs were investigated. The integrated and normally directed photoluminescence extraction efficiencies were found to be improved by coating with 2D SiNx PCLs by factors of above 5.9 and 9.4, respectively; the 2D SiNx PCLs perturb the guided light more effectively than the 2D SiO2 PCLs because of their larger refractive index contrast.
Sensitivity study of fuel cost in extended burnup BWR core. (1984)

A sensitivity study on the fuel cost of an extended burnup BWR core has been carried out on the basis of a realistic model of discharge burnup extension. Full power operating length in months in a refueling cycle and the number of refueling batches are chosen as independent variables in the model to describe extended burnup cores of various types. The reference core for the sensitivity study adopts 9-month full power operation and 4-batch refueling scheme. The difference in the plant cost between the extended burnup core and the reference core, which is referred to as plant capacity factor (PCF) credit, is estimated and combined with the fuel cost to calculate the fuel cost with PCF credit. The results show that the fuel cost with PCF credit decreases for the extended burnup core with stretched operating length as the burnup extends in cases of constant non-operating length in a cycle, and that it may increase for the extended burnup core with decreased batch number in cases of constant plant capacity factor. It is also suggested that the cost minimum combination of the independent variables can be found to a given discharge burnup for the extended burnup core with decreased batch number in an intermediate case between these two extreme cases. Extended burnup cores with fixed batch number tend to have a lower natural uranium requirement, but larger separative work requirement. The economic break-even condition for the extended burnup core with decreased batch number is discussed based on the fraction of fixed part in the non-operating length, which is insensitive to the cycle length stretch-out.
Anti-nucleosome antibodies outperform traditional biomarkers as longitudinal indicators of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (2014)

Anti-nucleosome antibodies demonstrate greater fidelity as a biomarker for changes in SLE disease activity than traditional biomarkers, supporting the routine monitoring of this antibody in clinical practice.
Effects of Repetitive Platelet-rich Plasma Application on Human Tenocyte Proliferation (2015)

Current clinical application of platelet-rich plasma is showing a trend toward multiple treatments. The goal of this study was to show the benefit of interval platelet-rich plasma application in the healing and recovery of human tenocytes using an in vitro cell model. Eight volunteers (6 men and 2 women) were included in this study (mean±SD age, 31.6±10.9 years). Venous blood was collected from new blood draws at 3 different times. Two blood products were prepared on each day of treatment: platelet-rich plasma derived from a single-spin process (PRPSS) and platelet-rich plasma derived from a double-spin process (PRPDS). The study had 2 limbs: 2-day and 4-day intervals. Cell proliferation, measured as disintegrations per minute, was then examined via a radioactive thymidine assay. In the 2-day-interval group, the difference in disintegrations per minute between days 0 and 2 in the PRPSS group reached statistical significance (P =.006). In the PRPDS group, statistical difference was seen between days 0 and 4 (P=.001) and between days 2 and 4 (P=.030). In the 4-day-interval group, the difference in disintegrations per minute between days 4 and 8 in the PRPSS group reached statistical significance, showing a decrease in cell proliferation (P =.013). In the PRPDS group, a statistical difference was seen between days 0 and 8 (P=.021), also showing a decrease in cell proliferation. The greatest effect of platelet-rich plasma, which has a positive effect on tenocyte proliferation and recovery, is seen on initial application. Its effect is diminished with repetitive application, and this finding leads to questioning of the efficacy of interval platelet-rich plasma dosing.