gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evasion of Innate Immunity Contributes to Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression and Metastasis (2021)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a pulmonary neuroendocrine cancer with very poor prognosis and limited effective therapeutic options. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, and the exact reason for the aggressive and metastatic phenotype of SCLC is completely unknown. Despite a high tumor mutational burden, responses to immune checkpoint blockade are minimal in patients with SCLC. This may reflect defects in immune surveillance. Here we illustrate that evading natural killer (NK) surveillance contributes to SCLC aggressiveness and metastasis, primarily through loss of NK-cell recognition of these tumors by reduction of NK-activating ligands (NKG2DL). SCLC primary tumors expressed very low level of NKG2DL mRNA and SCLC lines express little to no surface NKG2DL at the protein level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing showed NKG2DL loci in SCLC are inaccessible compared with NSCLC, with few H3K27Ac signals. Restoring NKG2DL in preclinical models suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in an NK cell-dependent manner. Likewise, histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment induced NKG2DL expression and led to tumor suppression by inducing infiltration and activation of NK and T cells. Among all the common tumor types, SCLC and neuroblastoma were the lowest NKG2DL-expressing tumors, highlighting a lineage dependency of this phenotype. In conclusion, these data show that epigenetic silencing of NKG2DL results in a lack of stimulatory signals to engage and activate NK cells, highlighting the underlying immune avoidance of SCLC and neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: This study discovers in SCLC and neuroblastoma impairment of an inherent mechanism of recognition of tumor cells by innate immunity and proposes that this mechanism can be reactivated to promote immune surveillance.
A Low-Cost Ultrasound Program Leads to Increased Antenatal Clinic Visits and Attended Deliveries at a Health Care Clinic in Rural Uganda (2013)

The availability of a low-cost antenatal ultrasound program may assist progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5 by encouraging women in a rural environment to come to a health care facility for skilled antenatal care and delivery assistance instead of utilizing more traditional methods.
THz dielectric anisotropy of metal slanted columnar thin films (2011)

The anisotropic optical dielectric functions of a metal (cobalt) slanted columnar thin film deposited by electron-beam glancing angle deposition are reported for the terahertz (THz) frequency domain using generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry. We employ a simple effective medium dielectric function homogenization approach to describe the observed optical response. The approach describes isolated, electrically conductive columns which render the thin film biaxial (orthorhombic). Our findings suggest controlled variability of dielectric polarizability and anisotropy in the THz spectral range by choice of geometry, material, and structure.
Total Synthesis of Enantiopure Phalarine via a Stereospecific Pictet−Spengler Reaction: Traceless Transfer of Chirality from l-Tryptophan (2010)

An appropriately constructed 2-substituted derivative of l-tryptophan undergoes conversion to a prephalarine structure in a single step. The reaction occurs in a diastereoselective fashion, leading shortly thereafter to the naturally occurring version of the alkaloid phalarine.
Amorphous calcium carbonate stabilised by poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (2000)

In the presence of octadecylamine, poly(propylene imine) dendrimers modified with long alkyl chains self-assemble to form well-defined aggregates that stabilise for periods exceeding 14 days the normally unstable amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) which persists in competition with the thermodynamic product, calcite.
Quantifying the Active Sites on Single Redox Active Nanoparticle (2014)

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes which actively participate in cellular defense against oxidative stress mediated damage. SOD is a naturally existing enzyme in our body which scavenges the superoxide radical (O2−.) to form oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme goes through an electrochemical single electron transfer process and contains only one active site per molecule. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are versatile nano-constructs which have the ability to switch in and out of 3+ and 4+ oxidation states exhibiting redox nature. This alteration of oxidation states leading to electrochemical reactions allows CNPs to mimic SOD enzyme and act as efficient antioxidants owing to multiple active sites for scavenging superoxide radicals. CNPs have been established owing to their unique regenerative antioxidant property and tested in vivo and in vitro in different areas of biotechnology and medicine involving excessive oxidative stress disorders. The simultaneous presence of two different oxidation states on the surface of CNPs gives rise to oxygen vacancies which act as hot spots for catalytic reactions. Understanding the antioxidant efficiency of CNPs is one of the crucial issues concerning its dosage. In this study we shall compare the efficacy of different single nanoparticles with different surface chemistry. The enzymatic kinetics are keenly studied to quantify the SOD mimetic efficiency in terms of electrochemical rate constants and turnover numbers as compared to the natural SOD. This study assist in proficient selection of nanoparticles for oxidative stress disorders.
Comparative reactivity of thiophene and 3,4‐(ethylenedioxy)thiophene as terminal electropolymerizable units in bis‐heterocycle arylenes (1997)

The monomers bis(2-thienyl)-9,9-didecylfluorene, BTDF, and bis(3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl)-9,9-didecylfluorene, BEDOT-DF, have been synthesized and electropolymerized to the corresponding conducting polymers. The potential for the electropolymerization of BTDF was found to be dependent on the solvent composition. In CH2Cl2, polymer film deposition is achieved only at potentials higher than 1.3 V vs. Ag/Ag+, while in a 30/70 mixture of CH2Cl2/CH3CN the polymerization is efficient at 0.9 V. BEDOT-DF polymerizes at significantly lower potentials and more rapidly than BTDF. The electron-donating alkoxy substituents of the EDOT units lead to stabilization of the cation radical intermediates allowing the electropolymerization to proceed at 0.55 V. The neutral polymers are insoluble in common organic solvents and are stable to 300°C under nitrogen. Upon oxidation, both polymers show two intragap transitions at intermediate doping levels due to the formation of bipolaronic states and the oxidized polymers exhibit conductivities up to 10−4 S/cm. The redox-stimulated ion transport characteristics, studied by the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) indicates that the electrolyte anions are the dominant mobile species. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3627–3636, 1997
Multiscale Understanding and Architecture Design of High Energy/Power Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes (2020)

Abstract Among various commercially available energy storage devices, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) stand out as the most compact and rapidly growing technology. This multicomponent system operates on coupled dynamics to reversibly store and release electricity. With the hierarchical electrode architectures inside LIBs, versatile functionality can be realized by design, while considerable difficulties remain to be solved to fully exploit the capability of each constituent. With the rapid electrification of the transportation sector and an urgent need to overhaul electric grids in the context of renewable energy penetration, demands for concomitant high energy and high power batteries are continuously increasing. Although building an ideal battery requires effort from multiple scientific and engineering aspects, it is imperative to gain insight into multiscale transport behaviors arising in both spatial and temporal dimensions, and enable their harmonic integration inside the whole battery system. In this progress report, recent research efforts on characterizing and understanding transport kinetics in LIBs are reviewed covering a broad range of electrode materials and length scales. To demonstrate the crucial role of such information in revolutionary electrode design, examples of innovative high energy/power electrodes are provided with their unique hierarchical porous architectures highlighted. To conclude, perspectives on further approaches toward advanced thick electrode designs with fast kinetics and tailored properties are discussed.
High voltages with high harmonic content: The influence of dielectric heating (2009)

Dielectric heating in insulating systems is a well known phenomenon for sinusoidal voltages, but waveforms with harmonic content will increase the power released in the system due to dielectric loss. In this paper a simple way of estimating the sensitivity of an insulating system or material to non-sinusoidal voltage waveforms is presented. The sensitivity is expressed as two parameters. The first parameter describes the relative increase in power loss in the material for a specific waveform as compared to a sinusoidal waveform with the same rms voltage and is denoted pfact. The temperature derivative of pfact can be viewed as an indicator of the probability of thermal runaway. If the derivative is positive the power developed in the material will increase with increasing temperature, which will facilitate a thermal runaway situation. The method is illustrated with an analysis of a high voltage polypropylene capacitor.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging the Best of Both Worlds: Hybrid Lipid‐Enveloped Matrix Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery (2014)

Abstract Review: 247 refs.
Echocardiogram-Gated Computed Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Angiographies for the Detection of Pulsatile Expansion at the Intracranial Arterial Bifurcation (2010)

The pulsatile expansion of evagination at the cerebral artery bifurcation can be demonstrated on ECG-gated CT/MR angiograms.
Metallomacrocycles Incorporating a Hemilabile Tröger's Base Derived Ligand (2006)

Tröger's base, a chiral molecule with a rigid 90 degrees backbone, has been incorporated into a novel hemilabile phosphinoalkyl thioether ligand. Using the Weak Link Approach, this ligand has been reacted with Cu(CH3CN)4PF6 and [Rh(COE)2Cl]x (COE = cyclooctene) to form metallomacrocycles. Upon reaction of the ligand with Cu(I), which prefers a tetrahedral coordination geometry, a bimetallic macrocycle was formed. Alternatively, owing to the steric restrictions imposed by the 90 degrees backbone of the ligand and the square-planar geometry of Rh(I), when the ligand was reacted with [Rh(COE)2Cl]x, the formation of bimetallic closed macrocycles was not observed, and instead a mixture of tri- and tetrametallic closed macrocycles is formed. Introducing pyridine to the Cu(I) complex causes the weak thioether-Cu bonds to break, generating a large bimetallic open macrocycle. Upon reaction of the mixture of Rh(I) metallomacrocycles with CO and Cl-, the cyclic structure of these complexes becomes flexible enough that the dimeric bimetallic macrocycle forms, along with tri- and tetrameric open complexes. The mixture of differently sized Rh(I) macrocyclic complexes has been analyzed using gel permeation chromatography, and the tetramer has been characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. These are the first examples of metallomacrocycles containing a Tröger's base derivative.
Copeptin, a Surrogate Marker for Arginine Vasopressin, Is Associated With Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (ZODIAC-31) (2013)

We found copeptin to be associated with CV and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in primary care. Intervention studies should show whether the high CV risk in type 2 diabetes can be reduced by suppression of vasopressin, for example by reducing salt intake.
Reduction of radiation induced back channel threshold voltage shifts in partially depleted SIMOX CMOS devices by using ADVANTOX/sup TM/ substrates (1997)

Excessive total dose radiation induced back channel threshold voltage shifts often observed in fully depleted and partially depleted NMOS transistors fabricated in full dose SIMOX wafers can be greatly reduced by use of new low dose ADVANTOX/sup TM/ substrates.
Effects of anatomical differences on electromagnetic fields, SAR, and temperature change (2015)

Electromagnetic field simulations are increasingly used to assure RF safety of patients during MRI exams. In practice, however, tissue property distribution of the patient being imaged is not known, but may be represented with a pre-existing model. Repeatedly, agreement in transmit magnetic (B<sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup>) field distributions between two geometries has been used to suggest agreement in heating distributions. Here we examine relative effects of anatomical differences on B<sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup> distribution, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and temperature change (ΔT). Numerical simulations were performed for a single surface coil positioned adjacent a homogeneous phantom and bovine phantom, each with slight geometric variations, and adjacent two different human body models. Experimental demonstration was performed on a bovine phantom using MR thermometry and B<sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup> mapping. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that B<sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup> distributions in different samples can be well correlated, while notable difference in maximum SAR and ΔT occur. This work illustrates challenges associated with utilizing simulations or experiments for RF safety assurance purposes. Reliance on B<sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup> distributions alone for validation of simulations and/or experiments with a sample or subject for assurance of safety in another should be performed with caution.
Scalable HEVC over layered division multiplexing for the next generation terrestrial broadcasting (2017)

In this paper, we present an efficient transmission method of multiple broadcasting services using Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) and Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) for the next generation terrestrial digital broadcasting such as Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0. Based on a two-layer LDM technology, each Physical Layer Pipe (PLP) carries each of Base Layer and Enhancement Layer video streams of SHVC, in order to maximize channel utilization when multiple broadcasting services are delivered in a single radio frequency (RF) channel. A performance analysis is conducted when the proposed combination of LDM and SHVC is compared with other combinations such as Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and/or HEVC simulcast broadcasting. A constant quality measurement is introduced to evaluate the performance of video codec in conjunction with a physical layer system. The proposed combination of LDM and SHVC is implemented in hardware and verified in a real field environment.
Chemically reduced derivatives of the nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of the cyclotetrameric Schiff base of o-aminobenzaldehyde (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemically reduced derivatives of the nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of the cyclotetrameric Schiff base of o-aminobenzaldehydeVladimir Katovic, Larry T. Taylor, Fred L. Urbach, Willard H. White, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 3, 479–483Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50109a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50109a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison between the noise properties of PtSi/p-Si1-xGexand Pt/p-Si1-xGexSchottky contacts prepared by co-sputtering and thermal reaction (2001)

The noise properties of Pt/p-Si1-xGex and PtSi/p-Si1-xGex (x = 0.14) Schottky contacts have been studied. The silicide layer PtSi was formed by thermal reaction (TR) of Pt with a silicon substrate and by co-sputtering (CS) of Pt and Si onto the strained Si1-xGex layer. The noise measurements were performed at temperature T = 77 K over the frequency range 10-10(4) Hz, Higher noise level was observed in the annealed diode Pt/p-Si1-xGex. In both diodes, the noise was found to exhibit l/f behaviour and was attributed to fluctuations of the generation-recombination current at the interface states. The results reveal significant reductions in the total noise by 70%, and the interface state density Ni, by three orders of magnitude when the silicide is formed by the CS process.
Evidence against oxidative stress as mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in methionine loading model (2001)

Endothelial dysfunction reflects reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due to either reduced production, inactivation of NO, or reduced smooth muscle responsiveness. Oral methionine loading causes acute endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects and provides a model in which to study mechanisms. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery in humans. Three markers of oxidative stress were measured ex vivo in venous blood. NO responsiveness was assessed in vascular smooth muscle and platelets. Oral methionine loading induced endothelial dysfunction (FMD decreased from 2.8 +/- 0.8 to 0.3 +/- 0.3% with methionine and from 2.8 +/- 0.8 to 1.3 +/- 0.3% with placebo; P < 0.05). No significant changes in measures of plasma oxidative stress or in vascular or platelet sensitivity to submaximal doses of NO donors were detected. These data suggest that oxidative stress is not the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction after oral methionine loading. Furthermore, the preservation of vascular and platelet NO sensitivity makes a signal transduction abnormality unlikely.
Isolated VH4 Heavy Chain Variable Regions Bind DNA Characterization of a Recombinant Antibody Heavy Chain Library Derived from Patient(s) with Active SLE (1994)

In many autoimmune diseases autoantibodies are intimately involved in disease manifestations. Molecular characterization of these autoantibodies should provide insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases, as well as suggest novel avenues for development of therapeutics. While some prior studies suggest that DNA binding may be a characteristic of individual heavy chain variable regions, the ability of these V regions to bind DNA in isolation has not been investigated. We have utilized a bacterial vector for cloning and expressing isolated antibody heavy chain variable regions. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with active SLE, cDNA synthesized and heavy chain V regions amplified with VH specific oligonucleotide primers. The VH fragments were cloned into a bacterial expression plasmid including the pelB leader peptide to direct appropriate expression. Recombinant antibodies were screened for binding to 32P-labeled double-stranded plasmid DNA and later also characterized for binding to single-stranded DNA. Binding was confirmed by standard ELISA methodology. Sequence analysis of seven DNA binding VH fragments revealed that they utilized the VH gene family previously described to be associated with autoimmune responses, with a JH6 segment. On VH sequence analysis only one residue substitution in the consensus sequence is needed to form a VH4 germline gene. Potential contact residues with DNA were delineated by three-dimensional structure analysis. We concluded that the DNA binding characteristics of VH regions can be examined in the absence of light chain. DNA binding specificity appears to be a property of the germline VH4 gene. Analysis of such V regions can aid in the identification of hypervariable region contact residues important for DNA binding.
Effect of Fuel-Air Equivalence Ratio and Temperature on the Structure of Laminar Propane-Air Flames (1983)

Abstract Gas samples have been withdrawn from laminar atmospheric-pressure propane-air flat flames using an uncooled quartz probe with a 0.1 mm diameter orifice. The samples (60 torr total pressure) are analyzed by gas chromatography for all C11,-C44, hydrocarbons, CO1 C02, N2, and 02. The Quartz probe is movable vertically, allowing measurement of the concentrations of stable molecules as a function of height above the burner with vertical resolution better than 0.2 mm. During lean (Φ=0.6-0.9) operation, intermediate hydrocarbon products (C2H2, C2H4, C3H6, CH4) are seen in the luminous zone at concentrations of 200-2000 ppm. All hydrocarbons decrease to below I ppm within 0.25 mm above the top of the luminous zone. When the flame is rich (Φ= 1.2-1.4), a peak in the intermediate hydrocarbons is again seen in the luminous zone, but the decay rates of C2H2 and CH4 in the post-luminous zone are much slower. These species are present at concentrations of 100-1000 ppm several mm beyond the luminous zone for Φ>1.3. Their decay rates are critically dependent on both Φ and the temperature of the flame, which is controlled by the cold gas flow rate. These results are important in gaining a better understanding of pollutant generation in premixed flames such as those found in internal combustion engines.
IMP3 Immunohistochemical Staining: A Valuable Tool in the Differential Diagnosis of Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma and T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2022)

<strong>Introduction:</strong> The diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) and T cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) can be difficult due to their overlapping histological features. Recently, insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) has been proposed as a diagnostic marker for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IMP3 in differentiating between NLPHL and THRLBCL. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective study that included formalin-fifixed paraffifin-embedded blocks from 56 patients. Of these, 28 were diagnosed with NLPHL and 28 with large B cell lymphoma (LBCL), including 16 THRLBCL and 12 DLBCL, NOS, based on immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples were stained for IMP3 using IHC, and positive expression was defined as moderate to strong staining in at least 10% of tumor cells. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the patients was 41.25 ± 16.08 years, and the majority were male. There was a signifificant age difference between NLPHL (34.61 ± 16.44 years) and LBCL (47.89 ± 12.85 years) groups (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in gender or site between NLPHL and LBCL groups. The expression of IMP3 was mainly strong in the LBCL group, while it was heterogeneously distributed among NLPHL samples, ranging from weak to strong (p &lt; 0.001). It was determined that strong IMP3 expression at 55.00% can differentiate LBCL from NLPHL with 71.4% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our findings showed that IMP3 may be a good complement in differentiating NLPHL cases from THRLBCL.