gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 10-bit 200MS/s Pipeline A/D Converter for High-Speed Video Signal Digitizer (2006)

A 10-bit 200MS/s A/D converter (ADC) for highspeed video signal digitizer is presented. The ADC has a 14- bit pipeline ADC core for digital programmable gain control and a reference voltage buffer optimized for high-speed A/D conversion. The ADC is fabricated in a 0.18-mum multiple Vth CMOS process. The area of ADC core is 1.15 mmtimes0.69 mm, and power consumption is 128 mW@200 MS/s. The measured INL and DNL are 1.05 LSB and 0.55 LSB respectively. The measured SNR and SFDR are 54.8 dB and 63.2 dB respectively.
Combined MMSE equalization and blind parallel interference cancellation for downlink multirate CDMA communications (2005)

We discuss linear equalization and intracell interference cancellation (IIC) in the downlink of wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) systems. A new reception scheme suitable for multirate systems (with different spreading codes) is proposed. The only knowledge supposed is the one available at the mobile unit. The effective spreading codes are detected blindly using fast walsh transform (FWT). The received signal is equalized then passed through an IIC stage to obtain better estimates of the transmitted symbols. We compare our scheme with equalization and IIC alone, and discuss practical issues when implementing this receiver.
Flexible microfluidic devices with three-dimensional interconnected microporous walls for gas and liquid applications (2011)

This article presents a simple, low-cost method of fabrication and the applications of flexible polystyrene microfluidic devices with three-dimensional (3D) interconnected microporous walls based on treatment using a solvent/non-solvent mixture at room temperature. The complete fabrication process from device design concept to working device can be completed in less than an hour in a regular laboratory setting, without the need for expensive equipment. Microfluidic devices were used to demonstrate gas generation and absorption reactions by acidifying water with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) gas. By selectively treating the microporous structures with oxygen plasma, acidification of water by acetic acid (distilled white vinegar) perfusion was also demonstrated with the same device design.
Applying a framework for healthcare incentives simulation (2012)

At WinterSim 2011, we originally proposed an agent-based framework for healthcare simulations, enabling flexible integration of multiple simulation models, including models of disease progression, effects of provider interventions, and provider behavior models that are responsive to contractual incentives. In this paper, we report results using our proposed framework to integrate two examples of provider behavior models, two examples of disease models, and four examples of payment models. We explore multiple combinations of these models and simulate the impact that alternative payment models may have on health and financial outcomes. These examples test the robustness of the simulation framework, and illustrate the value of such simulations to the policy makers who design incentives to improve cost and health outcomes, and to providers who wish to evaluate the financial impact of proposed incentives on their practice.
International Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Cardiologists Regarding Prevention and Management of Cardiac Implantable Device Infections (2016)

Background. Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) can improve symptoms and mortality. However, CIED infection can be life-threatening and is
Degradation of Ochratoxin A by Brevibacterium Species (2011)

The ability to degrade ochratoxin A was studied in different bacteria with a well-known capacity to transform aromatic compounds. Strains belonging to Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, and Brevibacterium genera were grown in liquid synthetic culture medium containing ochratoxin A. Brevibacterium spp. strains showed 100% degradation of ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin α was detected and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) as a degradation product in the cell-free supernatants. The degradation of ochratoxin A is of public concern for food and environmental safety, because it could contribute to the development of new biological ochratoxin A detoxification systems in foodstuffs. In this study, the degradation of ochratoxin A by bacteria belonging to the food chain was demonstrated for the first time.
64.4: Four Primary Color Projection Display (2005)

Abstract We have developed a four primary front projector prototype in a multi HTPS panels configuration. The projector is based on modifications of the optical platform of an off‐the‐shelf high quality brand product. Standard 720p input signal is converted to the required multiprimary input using the ColorPeak™ algorithm implemented in the KESHET™ chip. The result is a substantial increase in color gamut and brightness.
Wide‐Angle Scattering Halo Analysis and the Evolution of Oriented Amorphous Structure after Elongation Jumps in Some Elastomers (2022)

Abstract Amorphous and low‐crystallinity thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers are shot back and forth between two elongation levels ( and ) and observed between the excitations for 10 s using wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) (50 Hz). For orientation analysis, the fiber patterns are projected, expanded in multipoles, and discussed as a function of relaxation time. Normalized WAXS suggests that the oriented halo observed during extension is predominantly due to selective extinction of unfavorably oriented probes (chain bundles). During retraction, neighborhoods and thus clusters are restored. Discussed are the relaxation curves depending on material and the number of load cycles. The separation of the halo into narrow rings introduces “bundle airiness” as a second coordinate. The now bivariate cluster density is the product of two univariate functions. Its factor “airiness distribution” seems to be a material property which is not changed by annealing. In contrast, the bivariate preferred orientation is not product‐separable. Especially with harder materials it shows two bundle ensembles of different airiness. Interactions between the ensembles explain complex trajectories of the orientation–relaxation curves. The formation of the additional airier oriented component is inhibited by annealing in most of the materials studied. In contrast, multiple load changes promote its formation.
BBB pathophysiology–independent delivery of siRNA in traumatic brain injury (2021)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics can mitigate the long-term sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) but suffer from poor permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). One approach to overcoming this challenge involves treatment administration while BBB is transiently breached after injury. However, it offers a limited window for therapeutic intervention and is applicable to only a subset of injuries with substantially breached BBB. We report a nanoparticle platform for BBB pathophysiology-independent delivery of siRNA in TBI. We achieved this by combined modulation of surface chemistry and coating density on nanoparticles, which maximized their active transport across BBB. Engineered nanoparticles injected within or outside the window of breached BBB in TBI mice showed threefold higher brain accumulation compared to nonengineered PEGylated nanoparticles and 50% gene silencing. Together, our data suggest that this nanoparticle platform is a promising next-generation drug delivery approach for the treatment of TBI.
HSV-sr39TK Positron Emission Tomography and Suicide Gene Elimination of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny in Humanized Mice (2014)

Engineering immunity against cancer by the adoptive transfer of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) modified to express antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors generates a continual supply of effector T cells, potentially providing superior anticancer efficacy compared with the infusion of terminally differentiated T cells. Here, we demonstrate the in vivo generation of functional effector T cells from CD34-enriched human peripheral blood stem cells modified with a lentiviral vector designed for clinical use encoding a TCR recognizing the cancer/testes antigen NY-ESO-1, coexpressing the PET/suicide gene sr39TK. Ex vivo analysis of T cells showed antigen- and HLA-restricted effector function against melanoma. Robust engraftment of gene-modified human cells was demonstrated with PET reporter imaging in hematopoietic niches such as femurs, humeri, vertebrae, and the thymus. Safety was demonstrated by the in vivo ablation of PET signal, NY-ESO-1-TCR-bearing cells, and integrated lentiviral vector genomes upon treatment with ganciclovir, but not with vehicle control. Our study provides support for the efficacy and safety of gene-modified HSCs as a therapeutic modality for engineered cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5173-83. ©2014 AACR.
Rotavirus-Like Particles: A Novel Nanocarrier for the Gut (2010)

The delivery of bioactive molecules directly to damaged tissues represents a technological challenge. We propose here a new system based on virus-like particles (VLP) from rotavirus, with a marked tropism for the gut to deliver bio-active molecules to intestinal cells. For this, nonreplicative VLP nanoparticles were constructed using a baculovirus expression system and used to deliver an exogenous biomolecule, the green fluorescent protein (GFP), into either MA104 cells or intestinal cells from healthy and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-treated mice. Our results show that expression of rotavirus capsid proteins in baculovirus led to the auto assembly of VLP that display similar properties to rotavirus. In vitro experiments showed that VLP were able to enter into MA104 cells and deliver the reporter protein. Intragastric administration of fluorescent VLP in healthy and TNBS-treated mice resulted in the detection of GFP and viral proteins in intestinal samples. Our results demonstrate an efficient entry of non-replicative rotavirus VLP into the epithelial cell line MA104 and provide the first in vivo evidence of the potential of these nanoparticles as a promising safe candidate for drug delivery to intestinal cells.
Effect of wafer geometry on lithography chucking processes (2015)

Wafer flatness during exposure in lithography tools is critical and is becoming more important as feature sizes in devices shrink. While chucks are used to support and flatten the wafer during exposure, it is essential that wafer geometry be controlled as well. Thickness variations of the wafer and high-frequency wafer shape components can lead to poor flatness of the chucked wafer and ultimately patterning problems, such as defocus errors. The objective of this work is to understand how process-induced wafer geometry, resulting from deposited films with non-uniform stress, can lead to high-frequency wafer shape variations that prevent complete chucking in lithography scanners. In this paper, we discuss both the acceptable limits of wafer shape that permit complete chucking to be achieved, and how non-uniform residual stresses in films, either due to patterning or process non-uniformity, can induce high spatial frequency wafer shape components that prevent chucking. This paper describes mechanics models that relate non-uniform film stress to wafer shape and presents results for two example cases. The models and results can be used as a basis for establishing control strategies for managing process-induced wafer geometry in order to avoid wafer flatness-induced errors in lithography processes.
Structures of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in apo, ternary and inhibitor-bound forms (2015)

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an essential metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate using NADH/NAD(+) as a co-substrate. Many cancer cells exhibit a glycolytic phenotype known as the Warburg effect, in which elevated LDH levels enhance the conversion of glucose to lactate, making LDH an attractive therapeutic target for oncology. Two known inhibitors of the human muscle LDH isoform, LDHA, designated 1 and 2, were selected, and their IC50 values were determined to be 14.4 ± 3.77 and 2.20 ± 0.15 µM, respectively. The X-ray crystal structures of LDHA in complex with each inhibitor were determined; both inhibitors bind to a site overlapping with the NADH-binding site. Further, an apo LDHA crystal structure solved in a new space group is reported, as well as a complex with both NADH and the substrate analogue oxalate bound in seven of the eight molecules and an oxalate only bound in the eighth molecule in the asymmetric unit. In this latter structure, a kanamycin molecule is located in the inhibitor-binding site, thereby blocking NADH binding. These structures provide insights into LDHA enzyme mechanism and inhibition and a framework for structure-assisted drug design that may contribute to new cancer therapies.
Abstract B50: Regulation of non-small cell lung cancer stem cells by STAT3 and WNT pathways. (2013)

Abstract Background: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the malignant phenotype is driven and maintained by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which can self-renew, differentiate, and contribute to drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Our group has identified CSCs in both non-small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) lines and patient tumor samples by their enhanced ALDH activity and demonstrated that ALDH+ lung cancer cells are highly tumorigenic and clonogenic. We also found that ALDH1A3 is the major isozyme responsible for the ALDH activity and functionally important for lung CSCs. Aims and Methods: The purpose of our study is to elucidate the mechanisms by which lung CSCs are regulated. We performed a siRNA screen of 40 stem cell pathway genes in a panel of NSCLC lines to identify potential targets related to stem cell self-renewal pathways and other regulators. qRT-PCR, western blot and flow cytometry based Aldefluor assay were used to validate the promising hits. To further explore their biological function in lung CSCs we manipulated their expression genetically or pharmacologically followed by colony formation and tumor formation assays. Results: siRNA screen revealed that knocking down ALDH1A3, Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3), or certain components of WNT and Notch pathway caused a reduction of cell viability in many NSCLC lines. Western blot analysis confirmed that ALDH+ cells contained more activated STAT3 compared to ALDH− lung cancer cells. Inhibition of STAT3 activation by Stattic (a specific STAT3 inhibitor), GSK126 (an EZH2 inhibitor), or siRNA attenuated ALDH1A3 expression, ALDH+ lung cancer cells and tumor cell clonogenicity. In addition, FZD2, DVL3 and LBH were more commonly upregulated in ALDH+ cells across the penal of NSCLC lines. shRNA mediated knockdown of DVL3 in NSCLCs resulted in a significant reduction in ALDH activity, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ALDH1A3 expression, STAT3 pathway activation (via EZH2), and an active WNT pathway are all essential for maintenance of lung CSCs. Blocking ALDH1A3, WNT or STAT3 pathways appear to be rationale therapeutic strategies for eliminating NSCLC stem cells. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B50. Citation Format: Chunli Shao, Chris DeSevo, Luc Girard, Paul Yenerall, Carmen Behrens, Ignacio Wistuba, John D. Minna. Regulation of non-small cell lung cancer stem cells by STAT3 and WNT pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B50.
Using Pharmacogenetics Knowledge to Increase Accuracy of Alerts for Adverse Drug Events (2011)

Adverse drug event (ADE) has significant implications on patient safety and is recognized as a major cause of fatalities and hospital expenses. Although some medical systems today can help reduce the number of ADE occurrences, these primarily take into account clinical factors-even though recent studies show the significance of genetic profiles in ADE detection. Incorporating pharmacogenetics knowledge and data from genetic test results into these systems can improve the accuracy of preliminary alerts about potential ADEs. However, pharmacogenetics knowledge is unstructured, making it inappropriate for use in a system that involves automatic processing. We propose a methodology that can help incorporate the pharmacogenetics knowledge. Specifically, we show how pharmacogenetics knowledge can be expressed in a medical system and used together with the patient genetic data to provide alerts about ADEs at the point of care.
Autologous cell replacement: a noninvasive AI approach to clinical release testing (2020)

The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provided a means for avoiding ethical concerns associated with the use of cells isolated from human embryos. The number of labs now using iPSCs to generate photoreceptor, retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE), and-more recently-choroidal endothelial cells has grown exponentially. However, for autologous cell replacement to be effective, manufacturing strategies will need to change. Many tasks carried out by hand will need simplifying and automating. In this issue of the JCI, Schaub and colleagues combined quantitative bright-field microscopy and artificial intelligence (deep neural networks and traditional machine learning) to noninvasively monitor iPSC-derived graft maturation, predict donor cell identity, and evaluate graft function prior to transplantation. This approach allowed the authors to preemptively identify and remove abnormal grafts. Notably, the method is (a) transferable, (b) cost and time effective, (c) high throughput, and (d) useful for primary product validation.
Effect of simulated microgravity and shear stress on microcin B17 production by Escherichia coli and on its excretion into the medium (1997)

Production of the antibacterial polypeptide microcin B17 (MccB17) by Escherichia coli ZK650 was inhibited by simulated microgravity. The site of MccB17 accumulation was found to be different, depending on whether the organism was grown in shaking flasks or in rotating bioreactors designed to establish a simulated microgravity environment. In flasks, the accumulation was cellular, but in the reactors, virtually all the microcin was found in the medium. The change from a cellular site to an extracellular one was apparently not a function of gravity, since extracellular production occurred in these bioreactors, irrespective of whether they were operated in the simulated microgravity or normal gravity mode. More probably, excretion is due to the much lower degree of shear stress in the bioreactors. Addition of even a single glass bead to the 50-ml medium volume in the bioreactor created enough shear to change the site of MccB17 accumulation from the medium to the cells.
Does “Butyrylization” of Acetylcholinesterase through Substitution of the Six Divergent Aromatic Amino Acids in the Active Center Gorge Generate an Enzyme Mimic of Butyrylcholinesterase? (2001)

The active center gorge of human acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) is lined by 14 aromatic residues, whereas in the closely related human butyrylcholinesterase (HuBChE) 3 of the aromatic active center residues (Phe295, Phe297, Tyr337) as well as 3 of the residues at the gorge entrance (Tyr72, Tyr124, Trp286) are replaced by aliphatic amino acids. To investigate whether this structural variability can account for the reactivity differences between the two enzymes, gradual replacement of up to all of the 6 aromatic residues in HuAChE by the corresponding residues in HuBChE was carried out. The affinities of the hexamutant (Y72N/Y124Q/W286A/F295L/F297V/Y337A) toward tacrine, decamethonium, edrophonium, huperzine A, or BW284C51 differed by about 5-, 80-, 170-, 25000-, and 17000-fold, respectively, from those of the wild-type HuAChE. For most of these prototypical noncovalent active center and peripheral site ligands, the hexamutant HuAChE displayed a reactivity phenotype closely resembling that of HuBChE. These results support the accepted view that the active center architectures of AChE and BChE differ mainly by the presence of a larger void space in BChE. Nevertheless, reactivity of the hexamutant HuAChE toward the substrates acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine, or covalent ligands such as phosphonates and the transition state analogue m-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)trifluoroacetophenone (TMTFA), is about 45-170-fold lower than that of HuBChE. Most of this reduction in reactivity can be related to the combined replacements of the three aromatic residues at the active center, Phe295, Phe297, and Tyr337. We propose that the hexamutant HuAChE, unlike BChE, is impaired in its capacity to accommodate certain tetrahedral species in the active center. This impairment may be related to the enhanced mobility of the catalytic histidine His447, which is observed in molecular dynamics simulations of the hexamutant and the F295L/F297V/Y337A HuAChE enzymes but not in the wild-type HuAChE.
F<inf>MAX</inf>/V<inf>MIN</inf> and noise margin impacts of aging on domino read, static write, and retention of 8T 1R1W SRAM arrays in 22nm high-k/metal-gate tri-gate CMOS (2017)

Progressive impacts of aging on Fmax & noise margin of the precharge-evaluate domino read, and VMIN for differential static write & retention are demonstrated via statistical measurements over the operational lifetime of a 14KB 1R1W 8T SRAM array in 22nm high-k/metal-gate tri-gate CMOS.
14.1 A 2.9TOPS/W deep convolutional neural network SoC in FD-SOI 28nm for intelligent embedded systems (2017)

A booming number of computer vision, speech recognition, and signal processing applications, are increasingly benefiting from the use of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) stemming from the seminal work of Y. LeCun et al. [1] and others that led to winning the 2012 ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge with AlexNet [2], a DCNN significantly outperforming classical approaches for the first time. In order to deploy these technologies in mobile and wearable devices, hardware acceleration plays a critical role for real-time operation with very limited power consumption and with embedded memory overcoming the limitations of fully programmable solutions.
Characterization of the Interdependence Between the Light Output and Self-Heating of Gallium Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes (2020)

Abstract With the advent of gallium nitride (GaN) as an enabling material system for the solid-state lighting industry, high-power and high-brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with wavelengths ranging from near ultraviolet to blue are being manufactured as part of a tremendously large and ever-increasing market. However, device self-heating and the environment temperature significantly deteriorate the LED's optical performance. Hence, it is important to accurately quantify the LED's temperature and correlate its impact on optical performance. In this work, three different characterization methods and thermal simulation were used to measure and calculate the temperature rise of an InGaN/GaN LED, as a result of self-heating. Nanoparticle-assisted Raman thermometry was used to measure the LED mesa surface temperature. A transient Raman thermometry technique was utilized to investigate the transient thermal response of the LED. It was found that under a 300 mW input power condition, self-heating is negligible for an input current pulse width of 1 ms or less. The temperature measured using nanoparticle-assisted Raman thermometry was compared with data obtained by using the forward voltage method (FVM) and infrared (IR) thermal microscopy. The IR and Raman measurement results were in close agreement whereas the data obtained from the widely accepted FVM underestimated the LED temperature by 5–10%. It was also observed that an increase in environment temperature from 25 °C to 100 °C would degrade the LED optical power output by 12%.