gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disruption of the serine proteinase gene (sep) in Aspergillus flavus leads to a compensatory increase in the expression of a metalloproteinase gene (mep20) (1996)

The serine proteinase gene (sep) in Aspergillus flavus was disrupted by homologous recombination with a hygromycin resistance gene as the marker. The gene-disrupted mutant GR-2 contained a single-copy insertion of the marker gene and did not express the sep gene. Serine proteinase activity, 36-kDa protein labeled by 3H-diisopropylfluorophosphate, and immunologically detectable proteinase were not detected in the culture fluid of GR-2. Despite the absence of the serine proteinase, the total elastinolytic activity levels in the mutant and the wild-type A.flavus were comparable. Immunoblots revealed that the mutant secreted greater amounts of an elastinolytic metalloproteinase gene (mep20) product than did the wild type. Furthermore, mep20 mRNA levels, measured by RNase protection assay, in the mutant were higher than those in the wild type. Inhibition of the serine proteinase by Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) in the culture medium of wild-type A.flavus also resulted in an elevation of mep20 gene products. Although no serine proteinase activity could be detected, the level of elastinolytic activity of the SSI-treated culture was comparable to that of the control. Immunoblots revealed that the addition of SSI caused an elevation in the levels of metalloproteinase and its mRNA. These results suggest that the expression of the genes encoding serine and metalloproteinases are controlled by a common regulatory system and the fungus has a mechanism to sense the status of extracellular proteolytic activities.
Palladium Complexes of Corroles and Sapphyrins (2020)

Palladium complexes of corrole and sapphyrin were prepared in high yield and fully characterized. The corrole provides a tetradentate/trianionic square planar coordination sphere for Pd<sup>II</sup> , charge balanced by pyridinium. Both one and two Pd<sup>II</sup> ions may be accommodated by the pentapyrrolic skeleton of the sapphyrin, and in each case the macrocycle acts as bidentate/monoanionic ligand and the inner-sphere square planar geometry is completed by allyl anions coordinated in an η<sup>3</sup> fashion. NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography data analyses uncovered the presence of interesting stereoisomers due to the flexibility of the ally ligands and also the pyrrole ring(s) that is/are not involved in metal binding.
Cerebral venous system and anatomical predisposition to high‐altitude headache (2012)

Arterial hypoxemia is associated with cerebral and retinal venous distension, whose magnitude correlates with HAH burden. Restriction in cerebral venous outflow is associated with retinal distension and HAH. Limitations in cerebral venous efferent flow may predispose to headache when hypoxia-related increases in cerebral arterial flow occur.
Nanoscale silicon-on-insulator deformation induced by stressed liner structures (2011)

Rotation and strain fields were mapped across silicon-on-insulator (SOI) regions induced by overlying stressed Si3N4 features using x-ray nanobeam diffraction. The distribution in SOI tilt exhibited an antisymmetric distribution with a maximum magnitude of 7.9 milliradians, representing one of the first direct measurements of the lattice tilt conducted in situ within buried layers using a spot size of less than 100 nm. The measured rotation distribution corresponds to simulated values generated by boundary element method modeling, indicating that the strain transfer into the underlying SOI primarily induces elastic deformation.
Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) Is Expressed by Epithelial Cells of Small and Large Intestine (1995)

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is the most abundant protein associated with phospholipids in pulmonary surfactant. There are several lines of evidence that pulmonary and gastrointestinal epithelium produce closely related surface-active materials, although the presence of SP-A in gastrointestinal tract has so far not been reported. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments using different antibodies raised against rat pulmonary SP-A showed that some jejunal and colonic but not gastric epithelial cells positively stained for SP-A. Analysis of the proteins in cell lysates from rat small intestine and colon studied by Western blot revealed several immuno-reactive bands, including the characteristic triplet of 26-, 32-, and 38-kDa monomeric proteins, less strongly labeled than in lung cells, and higher molecular mass forms of 66 and 120 kDa also present in lung cells. The 66- and 120-kDa bands displayed the expected isoelectric pH of SP-A after two-dimensional electrophoresis. Alkylation induced conversion of the 120-kDa form (almost completely) and the 66-kDa form (partly) into the 26-38-kDa monomeric species. The presence of SP-A mRNA in rat stomach, small intestine, and colon was then searched for by conventional cDNA/reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Products of appropriate size (372 base pairs) identical to that of pulmonary tissue were amplified in small intestine and colon but not in stomach or in other tissues used as controls. Cloning and sequencing of rat colon SP-A cDNA revealed the same sequence as the one reported for rat lung SP-A. Furthermore, analysis of the transcriptional initiation site of SP-A gene in colon by anchored-polymerase chain reaction showed that transcription was initiated at the same site in both colon and lung. These data, which demonstrate that small intestine and colon express SP-A constitutively and that this protein is present in some epithelial cells, extend the concept of intestinal surfactant and underline its close relationships to pulmonary surfactant.
Comparison of Neurocognitive Testing and the Measurement of Marinobufagenin in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Report (2015)

The evaluation of concussed athletes, including testing to determine if and when they may return to play, has become an important task of athletic trainers and team physicians. Currently, concussion protocols are in place, which depend largely upon assessments based upon neurocognitive testing (NCT). The authors have evaluated the use of a biomarker of brain trauma, marinobufagenin (MBG), and compared its application in concussed athletes with the performance of NTC. We found a disparity between these two testing procedures. In this communication, the findings of these comparative data are presented. We noted that athletes whose NCT evaluations had returned to baseline and who were allowed to again participate in play then showed a recurrence of elevated urinary MBG excretion. These observations raise concern as to the processes currently in effect with regard to the decision as to returning athletes to the full activity. They suggest a need for further evaluation.
Fatigue Assessment of Brazed T-Joints Based on Damage Tolerance Including Residual Stress Effects (2010)

Abstract The fatigue crack growth behavior of a brazed joint is characterized by a Paris-exponent that is much higher than the one of bulk metals, which means that brazed components have only a short residual fatigue life after the initiation of a fatigue crack. Therefore, the threshold of fatigue crack growth of brazed joints is of particular importance in the fatigue analysis of brazed components and needs to be understood well. Residual stresses have to be considered in crack growth analysis in the threshold regime. The corresponding effects are explored experimentally and theoretically. The stress intensity factors due to the residual stresses in a brazed T-joint of compressor impellers were measured by using the cut compliance method. It was found that residual stresses are present but relatively small. They do not affect the endurance stress significantly. A concept for an endurance analysis of a brazed T-joint that includes imperfections and residual stresses is suggested.
A New Methodology for Evaluating Incident Detection Algorithms (2000)

We present a novel, off-line approach for evaluating incident detection algorithms. Previous evaluations have focused on determining the detection rate versus false alarm rate curve --- a process which we argue is inherently fraught with difficulties. Instead, we propose a cost--benefit analysis where cost mimics the real costs of implementing the algorithm and benefit is in terms of reduction in congestion. We argue that these quantities are of more practical interest than the traditional rates. Moreover, these costs, estimated on training data, can be used both as a mechanism to fine--tune a single algorithm as well as a meaningful quantity for direct comparisons between different types of incident detection algorithms. We demonstrate our approach with a detailed example. Keywords: Incident detection Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Statistical Sciences (NISS) and the California PATH Program of the University of California...
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY OF CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS. 19. SYNTHESIS AND MUTAGENICITY OF 5,11‐DIMETHYLCHRYSENE AND SOME METHYL‐OXIDIZED DERIVATIVES OF 5‐METHYLCHRYSENE (1980)

Abstract Das Methyltetralon (II) wird in den Alkohol (VI) übergeführt, dessen Dehydratisierung zu einem Gemisch der Olefine (VII) und (VIII) führt.
RENAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE SYMPOSIUM: Surveillance of Access Function by the Blood Temperature Monitor (2003)

Low access blood flow is considered the most important cause of peripheral vascular access thrombosis, particularly with grafts. The measurement of access flow is time consuming, operator dependent, and may affect the efficiency of dialysis so that it cannot be done with every treatment. The measurement of recirculation, however, is possible with every treatment and can be done automatically when using the thermodilution offered by the blood temperature monitor (BTM). Since BTM recirculation always includes a component related to cardiopulmonary recirculation, the threshold to detect access recirculation in peripheral arteriovenous grafts and native fistulas must be shifted from zero recirculation applicable for bolus techniques to 15% for the slow thermodilution technique. In one study, recirculation in native arteriovenous fistulas was measured with every treatment in 80 patients over a period of 6 months. Nine of 11 interventions performed during the entire observation period were triggered by a BTM recirculation above the threshold. Two fistulas thrombosed in spite of a BTM recirculation below the threshold. BTM recirculation to detect fistulas for revision is sensitive (81.8%) and specific (98.6%) in the presence of cardiopulmonary recirculation and can be done with minimum intervention and without loss of efficient treatment time.
Scaling Massive MIMO Radar via Compressive Signal Processing (2021)

Massive MIMO radars that utilize many transmit and receive antennas can provide range extension and fine-grained angular resolution in sensing. Current signal processing strategies for MIMO radar impose a strict tradeoff between range and angular field of view, preventing efficient scaling to massive MIMO platforms. In this paper, we present a compressive signal processing framework to sidestep this tradeoff. Relying on the sparsity of the scene in angular domain, we take advantage of compressive beam scanning to provide high resolution direction estimates with a small number of beacons that scales logarithmically with array size. The proposed approach enables scaling to massive MIMO frontends while maintaining a small, almost constant frame interval, thereby facilitating high resolution direction estimation and range extension without sacrificing the field of view or imaging speed.
Out-of-band sensing with ZigBee for dynamic channel assignment in on-the-move hotspots (2011)

Mobile WiFi hotspots have become increasingly popular as a new innovative wireless Internet access technology. Although it has received little attention, adaptive, dynamic (re)assignment of channels in a mobile hotspot router - typically, a smartphone or a laptop or a tablet equipped with heterogeneous network interfaces like 3G/4G, WiFi, Bluetooth or ZigBee - is key to mobile hotspot performance. To fill this important gap, we present a novel scheme, called Ex2R, that finds the best WiFi service-channel by harnessing secondary low-power ZigBee radios accompanied in mobile hotspot systems, enabling intelligent and seamless dynamic channel reconfiguration. Ex2R exploits the RSSI values and clear channel assessment (CCA) outputs from the ZigBee radio sampling interface to measure idle-time fractions on candidate WiFi channels, and determines the channel that can provide the highest hotspot capacity. Ex2R thus provides a mobile hotspot router accurate information necessary for the selection of the best channel. We have implemented and evaluated Ex2R, demonstrating its effectiveness; Ex2R accurately ranks WiFi channels for a mobile hotspot router to dynamically select and switch to the best channel available, thus improving hotspot performance significantly.
Performance Boost Using a New Device Structure Design for SOI MOSFETs Beyond 25nm Node (2007)

We demonstrate that very high performance ultra short-channel MOS transistors can be realized in accumulation mode SOI MOSFETs benefited from device structure with higher current drivability and a good suppression of degradation resulted from the gate electrode depletion. Furthermore, we reveal that the short channel effect is suppressed in accumulation mode devices by thinning the SOI layer and BOX thicknesses with both the polysilicon gate electrode and metal gate.
Control of backbone chemistry and chirality boost oligonucleotide splice switching activity (2022)

Although recent regulatory approval of splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) for the treatment of neuromuscular disease such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy has been an advance for the splice-switching field, current SSO chemistries have shown limited clinical benefit due to poor pharmacology. To overcome limitations of existing technologies, we engineered chimeric stereopure oligonucleotides with phosphorothioate (PS) and phosphoryl guanidine-containing (PN) backbones. We demonstrate that these chimeric stereopure oligonucleotides have markedly improved pharmacology and efficacy compared with PS-modified oligonucleotides, preventing premature death and improving median survival from 49 days to at least 280 days in a dystrophic mouse model with an aggressive phenotype. These data demonstrate that chemical optimization alone can profoundly impact oligonucleotide pharmacology and highlight the potential for continued innovation around the oligonucleotide backbone. More specifically, we conclude that chimeric stereopure oligonucleotides are a promising splice-switching modality with potential for the treatment of neuromuscular and other genetic diseases impacting difficult to reach tissues such as the skeletal muscle and heart.
Performance of Outer-Loop Control for Adaptive Modulation and Coding Based on Mutual Information in OFDM MIMO SDM (2015)

This paper presents the performance of outer-loop control for selecting the best modulation and coding scheme (MCS) based on mutual information (MI) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial division multiplexing (SDM). We propose an outer-loop control scheme that updates the measured MI per information bit value for selecting the best MCS from a mapping table that associates the block error rate (BLER) and MI per bit instead of directly updating the MCS selection threshold so that the required BLER is satisfied. The proposed outer-loop control is applicable to continuous data transmission including intermittent transmission with a short blank period. Moreover, we compare the measured BLER and throughput performance for two types of outer-loop control methods: instantaneous block error detection and moving-average BLER detection. In the paper, we use maximum likelihood detection (MLD) for MIMO SDM. Computer simulation results optimize the step size for the respective outer-loop control schemes for selecting the best MCS that achieves the higher throughput and the target BLER simultaneously. Computer simulation results also show that by using the most appropriate step size, the outer-loop control method based on the instantaneous block error detection of each physical resource block is more appropriate than that based on the moving-average BLER detection from the viewpoints of achieving the target BLER more accurately and higher throughput.
Bio-inspired creation of heterogeneous reaction vessels via polymerization of supramolecular ion pair (2019)

Precise control of the outer-sphere environment around the active sites of heterogeneous catalysts to modulate the catalytic outcomes has long been a challenge. Here, we demonstrate how this can be fulfilled by encapsulating catalytic components into supramolecular capsules, used as building blocks for materials synthesis, whereby the microenvironment of each active site is tuned by the assembled wall. Specifically, using a cationic template equipped with a polymerizable functionality, anionic ligands can be encapsulated by ion pair-directed supramolecular assembly, followed by construction into porous frameworks. The hydrophilic ionic wall enables reactions to be achieved in water that usually requires organic solvents and also facilitates the enrichment of the substrate into the hydrophobic pocket, leading to superior catalytic performances as demonstrated by the industrially relevant hydroformylation. Remarkably, the formation of the supramolecular assembly and catalyst encapsulation further engenders reaction selectivity, which reaches an even greater extent after construction of the porous framework.
Bimetal-and-electret-based thermal energy harvesters - Application to a battery-free Wireless Sensor Node (2013)

This paper introduces a thermal energy harvester turning thermal gradients into electricity by coupling a bimetallic strip to an electret-based converter: the bimetallic strip behaves as a thermal-to-mechanical power converter turning thermal gradients into mechanical oscillations that are finally converted into electricity with the electret. Output powers of 5.4uW were reached on a hot source at 70°C, and, contrary to the previous proofs of concept, the new devices presented in this paper do not require forced convection to work, making them compatible with standard conditions of thermal energy harvesting and environments such as hot pipes, pumps and more generally industrial equipment. Finally, ten energy harvesters have been parallelized and combined to a self-starting power management circuit made of a flyback converter to supply a battery-free Wireless Temperature Sensor Node, sending information every 100 seconds after its startup state.
Benefits of path summaries in an XML query optimizer supporting multiple access methods (2005)

We compare several optimization strategies implemented in an XML query evaluation system. The strategies incorporate the use of path summaries into the query optimizer, and rely on heuristics that exploit data statistics. We present experimental results that demonstrate a wide range of performance improvements for the different strategies supported. In addition, we compare the speedups obtained using path summaries with those reported for index-based methods. The comparison shows that low-cost path summaries combined with optimization strategies achieve essentially the same benefits as more expensive index structures. 1.
Decoupled Neural Interfaces using Synthetic Gradients (2016)

Training directed neural networks typically requires forward-propagating data through a computation graph, followed by backpropagating error signal, to produce weight updates. All layers, or more generally, modules, of the network are therefore locked, in the sense that they must wait for the remainder of the network to execute forwards and propagate error backwards before they can be updated. In this work we break this constraint by decoupling modules by introducing a model of the future computation of the network graph. These models predict what the result of the modelled subgraph will produce using only local information. In particular we focus on modelling error gradients: by using the modelled synthetic gradient in place of true backpropagated error gradients we decouple subgraphs, and can update them independently and asynchronously i.e. we realise decoupled neural interfaces. We show results for feed-forward models, where every layer is trained asynchronously, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) where predicting one's future gradient extends the time over which the RNN can effectively model, and also a hierarchical RNN system with ticking at different timescales. Finally, we demonstrate that in addition to predicting gradients, the same framework can be used to predict inputs, resulting in models which are decoupled in both the forward and backwards pass -- amounting to independent networks which co-learn such that they can be composed into a single functioning corporation.
Halogen Bonding versus Hydrogen Bonding in Driving Self-Assembly Processes (2000)

Halogenbrücken können effektiver sein als Wasserstoffbrücken, wenn es um die Selbstassoziation organischer Verbindungen geht: Aus einer Lösung, die 1, 2 und 4 enthält, entsteht das Halogen-verbrückte Copolymer 3 (das auch bei der Kristallisation einer Mischung aus 1 und 2 erhalten wird) und nicht etwa das Copolymer 5 (das sich durchaus aus 1 und 4 in Abwesenheit von 2 bildet).
GEOELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN OLIVE OIL MILL WASTE (OOMW) SITE (2015)

The production of olive oil in the Mediterranean region is of major economic importance. It is one of the leading industries in Greece, with large impact in local and national economy. Olive oil production activities are not regulated, resulting in the production of large waste volume with virtually uncontrolled disposal. The most common disposal practice involves damping of the waste in open evaporation ponds, leading to significant degradation of the environment. In addition to regulation and adoption of proper waste management processes, there is an urgent need for the development of methods that will allow efficient monitoring of waste management processes, and enable rapid recognition of environmental degradation incidents. Geophysical methods could be used to monitor and characterize olive oil waste management processes. We applied a series of electrical geophysical measurements at an olive oil mill waste (OOMW) site in western Crete. Our results suggest that electrical methods are very efficient in accurately delineating young OOMW plumes due to their conductive signature.
Evaluation of the Performance Characteristics of the CGLSS and NLDN Systems Based on Two Years of Ground-Truth Data from Launch Complex 39B, Kennedy Space Center, Florida (2014)

Four polypeptide chains composing acetylcholine receptors from the electric organ of Torpedo californica were purified by preparative electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Their apparent mole ratio alpha/beta/gamma/delta is 2:1:1:1. These chains are not readily distinguished by amino acid or carbohydrate composition but are distinguished by apparent molecular weight and polypeptide maps. By peptide maps, no extensive homology is evident between these chains or between any of these chains and higher molecular weight chains found in receptor-enriched membrane fragments.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Proteomic Markers of DNA Repair and PI3K Pathway Activation Predict Response to the PARP Inhibitor BMN 673 in Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 233K, Plots correlating protein expression for components of the DNA Repair Score not shown in Figure 3.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and General One‐Pot Reduction and Cyclization of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic 2‐Nitroamines to Bicyclic 2H‐Imidazoles. (2011)

Abstract Optimized conditions allow the reductive cyclization of various aromatic substrates bearing a wide range of functionalities.