gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PKA site mutations of ROMK2 channels shift the pH dependence to more alkaline values (2000)

Close similarity between the rat native low-conductance K(+) channel in the apical membrane of renal cortical collecting duct principal cells and the cloned rat ROMK channel strongly suggest that the two are identical. Prominent features of ROMK regulation are a steep pH dependence and activation by protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation. In this study, we investigated the pH dependence of cloned renal K(+) channel (ROMK2), wild-type (R2-WT), and PKA site mutant channels (R2-S25A, R2-S200A, and R2-S294A). Ba(2+)-sensitive outward whole cell currents (holding voltage -50 mV) were measured in two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing either R2-WT or mutant channels. Intracellular pH (pH(i)) was measured with pH-sensitive microelectrodes in a different group of oocytes from the same batch on the same day. Resting pH(i) of R2-WT and PKA site mutants was the same: 7.32 +/- 0.02 (n = 22). The oocytes were acidified by adding 3 mM Na butyrate with external pH (pH(o)) adjusted to 7.4, 6.9, 6.4, or 5.4. At pH(o) 7.4, butyrate led to a rapid (tau: 163 +/- 14 s, where tau means time constant, n = 4) and stable acidification of the oocytes (DeltapH(i) 0.13 +/- 0. 02 pH units, where Delta means change, n = 12). Intracellular acidification reversibly inhibited ROMK2-dependent whole cell current. The effective acidic dissociation constant (pK(a)) value of R2-WT was 6.92 +/- 0.03 (n = 8). Similarly, the effective pK(a) value of the N-terminal PKA site mutant R2-S25A was 6.99 +/- 0.02 (n = 6). The effective pK(a) values of the two COOH-terminal PKA site mutant channels, however, were significantly shifted to alkaline values; i.e., 7.15 +/- 0.06 (n = 5) for R2-S200A and 7.16 +/- 0.03 (n = 8) for R2-S294A. The apparent DeltapH shift between the R2-WT and the R2-S294A mutant was 0.24 pH units. In excised inside-out patches, alkaline pH 8.5 activated R2-S294A channel current by 32 +/- 6.7%, whereas in R2-WT channel patches alkalinzation only marginally increased current by 6.5 +/- 1% (n = 5). These results suggest that channel phosphorylation may substantially influence the pH sensitivity of ROMK2 channel. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that in the native channel PKA activation involves a shift of the pK(a) value of ROMK channels to more acidic values, thus relieving a H(+)-mediated inhibition of ROMK channels.
Four-dimensional imaging of living chondrocytes in cartilage using confocal microscopy: a pragmatic approach (1997)

Regulation of cell volume is a fundamental cellular homeostatic mechanism in the face of osmotic stress. In normal articular cartilage, chondrocytes are exposed to a changing osmotic environment. We present a comprehensive protocol for studying the volume regulatory behavior of chondrocytes within intact cartilage tissue using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Our data acquisition regime optimizes both signal-to-noise and cell viability during time-lapsed three-dimensional (3-D) (x, y, z, t) imaging. The porcine cartilage is treated as an integrated component of the imaging system, and we demonstrate methods for the direct assessment of tissue-induced axial attenuation and image distortion. Parameterized functions describing these two components of image degradation are used to correct experimental data. The current study also highlights the problems associated with the analysis and visualization of four-dimensional (4-D) images. We have devised two new types of data reconstruction. The first compresses each 3-D time point into a single quantitative view, termed a coordinate view. From these reconstructions we are able to simultaneously view and extract cell measurements. A second type, a 4-D reconstruction, uses color to represent relative changes in cell volume, again while maintaining the morphological and spatial information. Both these approaches of image analysis and visualization have been implemented to study the morphology, spatial distribution, and dynamic volume behavior of chondrocytes after osmotic perturbation. We have mapped chondrocyte shape, arrangement, and absolute volume in situ, which vary significantly from the tissue surface through to the underlying bone. Despite the rigid nature of the extracellular matrix, cartilage cells are osmotically sensitive and respond to stimulation of volume regulatory mechanisms. The combined techniques of confocal laser-scanning microscopy and vital cell labeling have enabled us to study, for the first time, the response of chondrocytes in situ to changes in interstitial osmotic pressure.
Effects of intradermally administered plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid on ovine popliteal lymph node morphology (2001)

In the last decade it has become apparent that bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is recognized as a "danger signal" by the mammalian immune system. To investigate this interaction, sheep were injected intradermally two centimeters distal to the lateral prominence of the fibular head with 400 microg of purified plasmid DNA. Over a 28-day period ultrasound measurements indicated a progressive increase in size of both plasmid and saline (controls) treated popliteal lymph nodes and at Day 30 macroscopic and histological measurements of the lymph nodes were determined. Compared with the contralateral control lymph nodes, plasmid exposed lymph nodes were heavier (2.8 +/- 0.1g vs. 2.0 +/- 0.6 g) and displayed prominent histological changes in the cortex and medulla. Average medullary cord thickness (114.2 +/- 25.2 microm) and the average distance across medullary sinuses (64.4 +/- 2.5 microm) were significantly greater after plasmid exposure relative to contralateral controls (62.7 +/- 14.9 microm and 36.5 +/- 1.0 microm, respectively). Total number of germinal centers (71.4 +/- 17.7) and the total area of germinal centers (4.0 +/- 1.3 mm(2)) within the cortex of popliteal lymph nodes exposed to plasmid were also significantly greater than the controls (40.4 +/- 11.4 and 1.6 +/- 0.5 mm(2), respectively). Our results demonstrate that a single exposure to plasmid DNA has long term effects on regional lymph node weight and morphology.
Once upon a time in Kamchatka: the search for natural quasicrystals (2010)

We present evidence for a naturally occurring quasicrystal consisting of micron-sized grains of Al63Cu24Fe13 with icosahedral symmetry embedded in a sample of khatyrkite (nominally, (Cu,Zn)Al2) obtained from the Khatyrka ultramafic zone of the Koryak Mountains in the northern half of the Kamchatka Peninsula.
Mechanically alloyed composite anode materials based on SiO–SnxFeyCz for Li-ion batteries (2013)

A new family of composite materials as anodes for lithium-ion batteries, SiO–SnxFeyCz (x : y : z molar ratio), was synthesized by mechanical alloying. SiO is preferable because of its high capacity and the Sn–Fe–C alloys could be used as a buffer material to extend the cycle life of cells. Rather than expensive and toxic cobalt, we selected cheap and environmentally benign iron instead. The aim of this work is to find the optimal point by tuning the composition of Sn–Fe–C in the hope of obtaining better electrochemical performance. Different combinations were studied by high-energy X-ray diffraction and electrochemical methods. The results indicated that carbon can improve the cycle life, the amount of iron affects phase formation greatly, and the FeSn2 phase should be avoided because of its detrimental effect on cycle life. The 50 wt% SiO–50 wt% Sn30Fe30C40 composition was studied using the pair distribution function and Mössbauer spectroscopy. This material exhibits high specific capacity (900 mA h g−1 at C/6 rate) with good cycle life and rate capability. These results indicate that SiO–SnxFeyCz are promising candidate anode materials for commercial rechargeable lithium batteries.
Investigation of hetero-interface and junction properties in silicon heterojunction solar cells (2010)

The amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) - crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell fill factor (FF) is very sensitive to the properties of c-Si surface, process parameters of thin a-Si:H layers, properties of transparent conducting front electrode, and all of their interfaces. In this work, quality of hetero-interface and junction properties in n-type SHJ solar cells were investigated by; (i) suns V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> under white, blue, and infrared light; (ii) dark and light JV; and (iii) quantum efficiency (QE) with and without voltage and light bias. Analysis of all these measurements suggest an anomalous “S” shape JV curve can arise due to at least two separate reasons; (a) existence of a large barrier for hole transport with excellent front surface passivation, and (b) existence of an opposing diode/Schottky barrier in the hetero emitter side of a SHJ solar cell. Both of the above-mentioned interface and/or junction properties severely affect minority carrier collection in SHJ cells.
Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls (2017)

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.179.
Ferrocenylethynylbenzenes as Precursors to in Situ Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube and Fe Nanoparticle Compositions (2004)

Several ferrocenyl-aryl-acetylenic compounds were synthesized and thermally converted in situ to carbon nanotube−Fe nanoparticle compositions. Upon melting, the ferrocenyl compounds are cured to a shaped configuration through the acetylenic units. Further heating of the polymeric composition results in the decomposition of the ferrocene and the ultimate formation of Fe nanoparticles. During the carbonization process above 500 °C in an inert atmosphere, the Fe nanoparticles react with the developing carbon nanoparticles resulting in the formation of carbon nanotubes in high yield within the carbonaceous media. Various shaped carbonaceous forms (solid, fiber, and film) containing large amounts of carbon nanotubes can be readily formulated from the precursor ferrocenyl compounds. The polymeric and carbonaceous compositions were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), X-ray diffraction, Raman, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) studies.
A characterization of the capacity region for network coding with dependent sources (2016)

In this work we characterize the capacity region for multi-source multi-terminal acyclic network coding with dependent information sources. We show that a full characterization of the capacity region can be derived in terms of entropy functions.
(Table 6, page 2052) Chemical composition of Chester-Hughes acid-reducing leachates of manganese nodule samples from the North Pacific Ocean (1981)

The authors have used an acid-reducing agent (1M-hydroxylamine hydrochloride) for leaching the samples following a method recommended by, Chester, R., Hughes, M.J., 1967. A chemical technique for the separation of ferro-manganese minerals, carbonate minerals and adsorbed trace elements from pelagic sediments. Chemical Geology 2, 249-262. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(67)90025-3.
Innate Immunity Induced by Plasmodium Liver Infection Inhibits Malaria Reinfections (2015)

Following transmission through a mosquito bite to the mammalian host, Plasmodium parasites first invade and replicate inside hepatocytes before infecting erythrocytes and causing malaria. The mechanisms limiting Plasmodium reinfections in humans living in regions of malaria endemicity have mainly been explored by studying the resistance induced by the blood stage of infection. However, epidemiologic studies have suggested that in high-transmission areas, preerythrocytic stages also activate host resistance to reinfection. This, along with the recent discovery that liver infections trigger a specific and effective type I interferon (IFN) response, prompted us to hypothesize that this pre-erythrocyte-stage-induced resistance is linked to liver innate immunity. Here, we combined experimental approaches and mathematical modeling to recapitulate field studies and understand the molecular basis behind such resistance. We present a newly established mouse reinfection model and demonstrate that rodent malaria liver-stage infection inhibits reinfection. This protection relies on the activation of innate immunity and involves the type I IFN response and the antimicrobial cytokine gamma IFN (IFN-γ). Importantly, mathematical simulations indicate that the predictions based on our experimental murine reinfection model fit available epidemiological data. Overall, our study revealed that liver-stage-induced innate immunity may contribute to the preerythrocytic resistance observed in humans in regions of malaria hyperendemicity.
Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Loss of 53BP1 Causes PARP Inhibitor Resistance in <i>Brca1</i>-Mutated Mouse Mammary Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 28K, Information on all antibodies and primers that were used in this study&lt;/p&gt;
Ganymed: Scalable Replication for Transactional Web Applications (2004)

Data grids, large scale web applications generating dynamic content and database service providing pose significant scalability chal lenges to existing database architectures. Replication is the most com mon solution, but, in all cases, existing systems still have drawbacks and impose difficult trade-offs. The most difficult one of all is the choice between scalability and consistency. Commercial systems give up consis tency, while research solutions typically either offer a compromise (lim ited scalability in exchange for consistency) or they impose severe limi tations on the data schema and the accepted transactional workload. In this paper we introduce Ganymed, a database replication middleware in tended to provide scalability without sacrificing consistency and avoiding the limitations of existing approaches. The main idea is to use a novel transaction scheduling algorithm that separates update and read-only transactions. Transactions can be submitted to Ganymed through a spe cial JDBC driver. Ganymed then routes updates to a main server and queries to a potentially unlimited number of read-only copies. The sys tem guarantees that all transactions see a consistent data state (snapshot isolation). In the paper we describe the scheduling algorithm, the archi tecture of Ganymed, and present an extensive performance evaluation that proves the potential of the system.
Transport and Leakage in Super-Critical Thickness Strained Silicon Directly on Insulator MOSFETs with Strained Si Thickness up to 135 nm (2006)

In this work, we study both FD- and PD-SSOI with aggressive T/sub Si/ of up to 135 nm for 14% SSOI (14% Ge equivalent strain). We have demonstrated that mobility in 14% SSOI is independent of the strained Si thickness, even for as grown films 10/spl times/ thicker than the critical thickness. Off-state current also remains independent of T/sub Si/. The successful fabrication of PD-SSOI with electron mobility enhancement maintained at 1.5/spl times/, for high channel doping and strained Si thickness up to 135 nm, was also demonstrated, showing promise for thicker film PD-SOI applications.
Polymerization of t‐butylacetylene initiated by tungsten carbene complex (1995)

Abstract Polymerization of t ‐butylacetylene initiated by a tungsten carbene complex (I) was investigated under various conditions. t ‐Butylacetylene was polymerized in high yield in chlorinated hydrocarbons such as CHCI 3 and CCI 4 and in the presence of AICI 3 . The molar mass of the polymers formed was as high as 8.2 ×10 4 ∼ 3.2 × 10 5 . Moreover, when the solution of tungsten carbene complex in CCI 4 was irradiated with UV light, the molar mass was remarkably enhanced. This phenomenon may occur because tungsten dichlorocarbene immediately forms. Apparent rate constants were determined by gas chromatography. NMR spectra show a predominant characteristic of high cis content in the structure of poly( t ‐butylacetylene) in contrast to poly(phenylacetylene). The cis content increased ca . 11% when poly( t ‐butylacetylene) was heated in decalin at 110°C. X‐Ray diffraction diagrams show that poly( t ‐butylacetylene) has an amorphous structure.
P2‐207: Discovery of a highly M5‐preferring muscarinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric potentiator (2009)

Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype-1 (M1) has been investigated preclinically as a potential strategy for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selective targeting of subtype-5 (M5) may also be therapeutically relevant to AD due to its role in regulation of cerebral vascular tone and certain cognitive functions as suggested by studies with M5-KO mice. Historically, high homology of the orthosteric acetylcholine-binding site across the five muscarinic receptor subtypes has made discovery and development of highly subtype-selective or preferring compounds challenging, and non-selective activation of M2 and M3 has contributed to failure of muscarinic agonists in clinical trials. To date, no ligands exhibiting high M5-preference or selectivity have been reported. Recently, functional cell-based high throughput screening was used to identify a number of novel muscarinic potentiators, including VU0119498, which enhanced acetylcholine (ACh) potency at M1, M3, and M5 via an allosteric interaction. An iterative analog library approach was used to chemically optimize VU0119498 for increased M5 activity, which identified VU0238429 as the first highly M5-preferring small molecule. In calcium mobilization assays, VU0238429 displayed an EC50 of approximately 1μM for potentiation of acetylcholine at M5 and an EC50 of >30 μM for potentiation at M1 and M3, with no effect at Gqi5 co-transfected M2 or M4 receptors. In similar cell-based assays, a fixed 30 μM concentration of VU0238429 induced an approximately 14-fold leftward shift of a full ACh concentration-response curve at M5. This novel allosteric potentiator represents the first highly M5-preferring small molecule ever reported and may serve as a useful pharmacological tool for probing the therapeutic potential of M5 activation within the context of AD and cerebrovascular dementia.
Video interaction - making broadcasting a successful social media (2011)

Video has slowly been gaining popularity as a social media. We are now witnessing a step where capture and live broadcasts is released from the constraints of the desktop computer, which further accentuate issues such as video literacy, collaboration, hybridity, utility and privacy, that needs to be addressed in order to make video useful for large user groups.
Quinoxaline-Based Poly(aryleneethynylene)s (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTQuinoxaline-Based Poly(aryleneethynylene)sCarlito G. Bangcuyo, Joe M. Ellsworth, Una Evans, Michael L. Myrick, and Uwe H. F. BunzView Author Information USC NanoCenter and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 3, 546–548Publication Date (Web):January 15, 2003Publication History Received8 October 2002Revised8 December 2002Published online15 January 2003Published inissue 1 February 2003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0257200Copyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views674Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (123 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Alcohols,Materials,Polymers,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (Serotype D) Strains Are More Susceptible to Heat than C. neoformans var. grubii (Serotype A) Strains (2001)

Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) and C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) differ in geographic prevalence and dermatotropism, with C. neoformans var. neoformans strains being more prevalent among isolates from temperate countries as well as from skin infections. Analysis of 19 strains from each serotype revealed wide variation in thermal susceptibility, with C. neoformans var. neoformans strains being more susceptible, on average, to heat killing. The results suggest a consistent explanation for the geographic differences between serotype A and D strains and for the dermatotropism of serotype D strains.
Power and energy scaling of Kerr-lens mode-locked thin-disk oscillators (2014)

The goal of this contribution is to provide a guideline for Kerr-lens mode-locking (KLM) of thin-disk oscillators. This includes cavity design, hard and soft-aperture optimization, handling of thermal effects in intra-cavity optics as well as methods of average power and energy scaling. The main differences and similarities between mode-locking of Ti:sapphire bulk and Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillators are presented.
A GH81-type β-glucan-binding protein facilitates colonization by mutualistic fungi in barley (2023)

Cell walls are important interfaces of plant-fungal interactions. Host cell walls act as robust physical and chemical barriers against fungal invaders, making them an essential line of defense. Upon fungal colonization, plants deposit phenolics and callose at the sites of fungal penetration to reinforce their walls and prevent further fungal progression. Alterations in the composition of plant cell walls significantly impact host susceptibility. Furthermore, plants and fungi secrete glycan hydrolases acting on each other's cell walls. These enzymes release a wide range of sugar oligomers into the apoplast, some of which trigger the activation of host immunity via host surface receptors. Recent characterization of cell walls from plant-colonizing fungi have emphasized the abundance of β-glucans in different cell wall layers, which makes them suitable targets for recognition. To characterize host components involved in immunity against fungi, we performed a protein pull-down with the biotinylated β-glucan laminarin. Thereby, we identified a glycoside hydrolase family 81-type glucan-binding protein (GBP) as the major β-glucan interactor. Mutation of GBP1 and its only paralogue GBP2 in barley led to decreased colonization by the beneficial root endophytes Serendipita indica and S. vermifera, as well as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. The reduction of symbiotic colonization was accompanied by enhanced responses at the host cell wall. Moreover, GBP mutation in barley also increased resistance to fungal infections in roots and leaves by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana and the obligate biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, respectively. These results indicate that GBP1 is involved in the establishment of symbiotic associations with beneficial fungi, a role that has potentially been appropriated by barley-adapted pathogens.
Hip Arthroscopy to Remove Loose Bodies After Traumatic Dislocation (2006)

Loose bodies are routinely present after closed treatment of hip dislocations or wall fractures not otherwise requiring surgery, even when radiographs are negative. Hip arthroscopy may be indicated for loose body removal when open treatment is not otherwise necessary.