gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Functional Silicon Nitride Coatings for Joint Replacements (2019)

Silicon nitride (SiNx) coatings are currently under investigation as bearing surfaces for joint implants, due to their low wear rate and the good biocompatibility of both coatings and their potential wear debris. The aim of this study was to move further towards functional SiNx coatings by evaluating coatings deposited onto CoCrMo surfaces with a CrN interlayer, using different bias voltages and substrate rotations. Reactive direct current magnetron sputtering was used to coat CoCrMo discs with a CrN interlayer, followed by a SiNx top layer, which was deposited by reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. The interlayer was deposited using negative bias voltages ranging between 100 and 900 V, and 1-fold or 3-fold substrate rotation. Scanning electron microscopy showed a dependence of coating morphology on substrate rotation. The N/Si ratio ranged from 1.10 to 1.25, as evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Vertical scanning interferometry revealed that the coated, unpolished samples had a low average surface roughness between 16 and 33 nm. Rockwell indentations showed improved coating adhesion when a low bias voltage of 100 V was used to deposit the CrN interlayer. Wear tests performed in a reciprocating manner against Si3N4 balls showed specific wear rates lower than, or similar to that of CoCrMo. The study suggests that low negative bias voltages may contribute to a better performance of SiNx coatings in terms of adhesion. The low wear rates found in the current study support further development of silicon nitride-based coatings towards clinical application.
Special Issue on Statistics in Quality Control (2016)

This special issue of Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry contains three papers that were presented at the 2015 Quality and Productivity Research Conference (QPRC) in Cary, North Carolina. The QPRC is an annual conference (held since 1984) sponsored by the Quality and Productivity Section of the American Statistical Association (ASA). Its mission is to improve the quality of products and services and the productivity of industries by stimulating the research and development of better statistical methods, and to identify new application areas where statistics can have a significant impact. The 2017 QPRC will be held in June 13–15, 2017 in Storrs, CT, USA, hosted by the University of Connecticut. Additional information about QPRC, including links to websites of conferences held since 1999, can be found in the ASA Quality and Productivity community page: http://community.amstat.org/qp/meetings/qualityandproductivityresearchconference. The first paper of the issue, by Daniel Jeske, discusses the subject of design and analysis of Cusum detection procedures when the on-target distribution is specified up to a parameter that needs to be estimated from the data. Sampling errors of the estimation procedure lead to errors in estimation of the on-target false alarm rate and thus a high enough sample size is required to produce control scheme characteristics that have a desired degree of accuracy. The paper introduces analytic expressions that enable one to compute the required sample size for an important class of distributions. The second paper, by Aleksey Polunchenko, describes a procedure that enables one to compute the characteristics of a Cusum control chart for both in-control and out-of-control conditions simultaneously, resulting in substantial saving of computing resources in the process of design and analysis of Cusum control schemes. The method is then extended to cover simultaneous computation of the in-control and out-of-control properties of the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT), due to its relation to the Cusum procedure. Finally, the third paper, by Hao Chen, Hengzhen Huang, Dennis K.J. Lin, and Min-Qian Liu, introduces a new measure of uniformity for the Sliced Latin Hypercube Designs (SLHD). Conventional designs of this type focus mainly on stratification in individual dimensions; the new measure of uniformity, however, leads to designs in which points are spread uniformly over the experimental region, both overall and in the individual slices. These results show a great promise, especially in the rapidly expanding field of computer experiments. We are most thankful to the QPRC-2015 Program Committee members for organizing this conference, to its participants, and corporate sponsors. We also deeply appreciate the help of editors and referees who made this special issue happen.
Retinal vein occlusion: an approach to diagnosis, systemic risk factors and management (2008)

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy and is a common cause of visual morbidity and blindness in the elderly. A large proportion of patients with RVO have a history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or open-angle glaucoma. Although RVO is sometimes associated with thrombophilias and coagulation abnormalities, the role of coagulation factors in the development of RVO remains unclear. This review did not find strong evidence to support an extensive work-up for thrombophilic and coagulation diseases for the vast majority of patients. However, when tests for common cardiovascular risk factors for RVO are negative, evaluation for potential coagulation disorders may be indicated, particularly in young patients and in patients with bilateral RVO, a history of previous thromboses or a family history of thrombosis.
Advances in GNSS-R altimetry (2017)

Since the nadir 1-second altimetry precision was first estimated to be of 56 cm when the PARIS concept was developed back in 1993 (it was assumed the interferometric processing of GPS P-code signals and a 4×4 m×m receiving antenna at 700 km orbital altitude) [1], many detailed analyses and experiments have been conducted leading to far more optimistic values, as low as some 15 cm (using the interferometric processing and a 1 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> antenna from 400 km altitude). This paper presents the instrument and concept advances that have allowed such improved expectations.
PHARMACODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF MYCOPHENOLIC ACID-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION BY MEASUREMENT OF INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN A CANINE MODEL (1996)

The combination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (measurement of the biological effect) monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs provides a method for the optimization of drug dosing. We chose to investigate this using mycophenolic acid (MPA), an immunosuppressive drug that mediates its effect by the inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a key enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of purines. Using an assay developed for measurement of IMPDH activity in whole blood, the concentration required for 50% inhibition of IMPDH activity was approximately 200 mg/L (58 +/- 8.3% for whole blood [n = 6] and 55 +/- 10.0% for isolated lymphocytes). To ascertain the relationship between MPA concentration and IMPDH inhibition in vivo, dogs were administered a single dose of mycophenolate mofetil, the pro-drug of MPA, at 20 or 40 mg/kg orally. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the Cmax of the 40-mg/kg group was statistically greater than that of the 20-mg/kg group (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the other parameters investigated (area under the curve, beta half-life, mean residence time, volume of distribution at steady state, and clearance) between the two treatment groups. The half-life was calculated at approximately 8 hr for both dose groups. There was also substantial variability among the dogs in the absorption and clearance of MPA. An inverse relationship was found between the MPA concentration and IMPDH. Maximal inhibition of IMPDH activity of 30-40% occurs approximately 2-4 hr after dosing, followed by a gradual restoration in enzyme activity. After 24 hr, there is an increase in IMPDH activity that exceeds the pre-dosing levels in some cases by 3-fold. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic and the pharmacodynamic responses to MPA in the canine model suggests that the drug should be administered ever 8 hr to optimize its immunosuppressive efficacy. This combined approach can be used for optimization of doses of this and other immunosuppressive drugs.
Isolation of Potentially Virulent Yersinia enterocolitica from Variety Meats (1981)

ABSTRACT Sixty‐three samples of variety meats were examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica . Surface swab samples in a modified selenite enrichment broth were incubated at 23°C for 2 and 3 days and then streaked onto MacConkey agar with Tween 80 or refrigerated bismuth sulfite agar, with and without a potassium hydroxide preplating treatment. The organism was isolated from 2 of 23 porcine throat swabs but was not isolated from 40 bovine tongue, kidney, heart, or liver swabs. The isolates from the throat swabs were classified into Nilehn and Wauters biotypes 3 or 4. One porcine isolate was of serotype 0:19, while another isolate from the second Y. enterocolitica ‐bearing porcine throat swab was nontypeable. The nontypeable isolates autoagglutlnated in tissue culture when grown overnight at 35°C, suggesting that these isolates are potentially virulent. The results of this study support the contention of European researchers that swine may be a significant source of Y. enterocolitica involved in human infections.
Impact of Family Environment on the Development of Tic Disorders: Epidemiologic Evidence for An Association (2013)

Family-related environmental factors may play a role in the development or exacerbation of tic disorders. The results advocate the importance of family education when treating children with tic disorders, and further research is needed on the contextual risk factors of tic disorders.
New LHRH antagonists with enhanced biological activity: Preclinical and clinical results (2006)

Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) analogs are indispensable drugs for the clinical treatment of sex-hormone dependent tumors, such as breast, ovary and prostate cancer. LHRH agonists and antagonists have also been utilized in various artificial reproduction techniques and have been investigated as potential contraceptives in humans [1]. Over 25 years, thousands of analogs of LHRH, both agonists and antagonists, have been synthesized and evaluated for potential therapeutic benefit. Agonists, e.g. Leuprolide or Goserelin, are well established in medical treatment. They stimulate, initially and for several days, the release of LH and FSH prior to downregulation of the LHRH receptor, causing transiently rising levels of sexual steroid hormones testosterone and estradiol. Third generation antagonists like Cetrorelix, Abarelix, or Ganirelix are under investigation in clinical studies. Cetrorelix itself has been characterized as a safe and potent LHRH antagonist, based on results in a variety of models. Clinical studies indicate that Cetrorelix is a highly effective gonadotropineand subsequently sexsteroid-suppressing agent. Therefore, Cetrorelix has potential for treatment of hormone dependent cancers as well as for non-malignant applications in which a suppression or control of gonadotropins and sex-steroids is desired [2]. The advantage of Cetrorelix is that it inhibits LH and testosterone from the beginning of administration and thereby avoids the agonist-induced “flare up effect.” Treatment of prostatic carcinoma and pre-menopausal mammary carcinoma are primary applications. Endometriosis and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) also represent also attractive applications for the LHRH antagonist. Cetrorelix (Cetrotide®) has been approved in 1999 by EU authorities for marketing within the European Union for controlled ovulation stimulation for assisted reproduction (COS/ART).
Metallkomplexe in Biologie und Medizin, VI. Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von (Penicillaminato‐O,S,N)bismut(III)1‐chlorid (1993)

Metal Complexes in Biology and Medicine, VI [1] . – Synthesis and Structure of (Penicillaminato‐ O,S,N )bismuth(III) Chloride Bismuth(III) oxychloride reacts with D ‐(–)1‐penicillamine to form [ D ‐(–)1‐penicillaminato‐ O,S,N ]bismuth(III) chloride ( 1 ), the solid state structure of which has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The tridentate chelation of the metal center by sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms leads to the formation of five‐membered rings. Due to interaction of bismuth with oxygen atoms of the carboxy groups, a polymeric two‐dimensional structure results in the crystal lattice. Bismuth has a seven‐fold inner coordination sphere.
Self-assembly morphology of block copolymers in sub-10 nm topographical guiding patterns (2018)

Fabrication of sub-10 nm topographical guiding patterns, block copolymer directed self-assembly, thorough morphology analysis and free energy modelling.
Situational Awareness from Social Media (2013)

Abstract—This paper describes VIStology’s HADRian system for semantically integrating disparate information sources into a common operational picture (COP) for humanitarian assistance/disaster relief (HADR) operations. Here the system is applied to the task of determining where unexploded or additional bombs were being reported via Twitter in the hours immediately after the Boston Marathon bombing in April, 2013. We provide an evaluation of the results and discuss future directions. Keywords—social media, situational awareness, Boston Marathon bombing.
Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Breach the Intact Blood–Brain Barrier via Transcytosis (2019)

The restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) creates a major challenge for brain drug delivery with current nanomedicines lacking the ability to cross the BBB. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to contribute to the progression of a variety of brain diseases including metastatic brain cancer and have been suggested as promising therapeutics and drug delivery vehicles. However, the ability of native tumor-derived EVs to breach the BBB and the mechanism(s) involved in this process remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that tumor-derived EVs can breach the intact BBB <i>in vivo</i>, and by using state-of-the-art <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models of the BBB, we have identified transcytosis as the mechanism underlying this process. Moreover, high spatiotemporal resolution microscopy demonstrated that the endothelial recycling endocytic pathway is involved in this transcellular transport. We further identify and characterize the mechanism by which tumor-derived EVs circumvent the low physiologic rate of transcytosis in the BBB by decreasing the brain endothelial expression of rab7 and increasing the efficiency of their transport. These findings identify previously unknown mechanisms by which tumor-derived EVs breach an intact BBB during the course of brain metastasis and can be leveraged to guide and inform the development of drug delivery approaches to deliver therapeutic cargoes across the BBB for treatment of a variety of brain diseases including, but not limited to, brain malignancies.
Corrosion of the Wet‐Seal Area in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells: II . Experimental Results (1984)

Experimental results for anode wet‐seal corrosion in molten carbonate fuel cells generally agree with postulated mechanisms that involve corrosion couples acting along or across the seal area. The corrosion rate of Type 316 stainless steel in the anode wet‐seal area under all test conditions is unacceptably high. Substitution of an aluminum containing alloy, such as Kanthai A‐1, reduces the anode wet‐seal corrosion by at least two orders of magnitude. The corrosion rate of Type 316 stainless steel in the cathode wet seal is about two orders of magnitude lower than in the anode wet seal.
A Fast Parameter Identification Framework for Personalized Pharmacokinetics (2019)

This paper introduces a novel framework for fast parameter identification of personalized pharmacokinetic problems. Given one sample observation of a new subject, the framework predicts the parameters of the subject based on prior knowledge from a pharmacokinetic database. The feasibility of this framework was demonstrated by developing a new algorithm based on the Cluster Newton method, namely the constrained Cluster Newton method, where the initial points of the parameters are constrained by the database. The algorithm was tested with the compartmental model of propofol on a database of 59 subjects. The average overall absolute percentage error based on constrained Cluster Newton method is 12.10% with the threshold approach, and 13.42% with the nearest-neighbor approach. The average computation time of one estimation is 13.10 seconds. Using parallel computing, the average computation time is reduced to 1.54 seconds, achieved with 12 parallel workers. The results suggest that the proposed framework can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the pharmacokinetic parameters with limited observations in comparison to the conventional methods. Computation cost analyses indicate that the proposed framework can take advantage of parallel computing and provide solutions within practical response times, leading to fast and accurate parameter identification of pharmacokinetic problems.
Protein concentrate and adhesives from meat and bone meal (2000)

Abstract Defatted meat and bone meal (MBM) was prepared by the removal of extractable fat with isopropyl alcohol. Proteins in the defatted MBM were extracted with 0–4% NaCl concentrations with 0.05% CaCl 2 or 0.05% MgCl 2 at pH 5.5–6.6 for 1 h at 50°C and precipitated at pH 4.0–4.5. By using the salt extraction procedure, MBM protein concentrate (MBMPC) (32 g) was obtained from defatted MBM (100 g). Recovery of protein was dependent on the extraction temperature employed; recovery values ranged from 33.2 to 51.4%. At 4% NaCl concentration, MgCl 2 increased protein solubility by 30%, compared to the control. The adhesiveness of MBMPC at various pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 was investigated. At pH 6.0–8.0, adhesiveness of MBMPC showed the highest value (78.2 kg). The adhesiveness increased linearly as the MBMPC concentration increased up to 20% with respect to temperature for MBMPC adhesiveness, the greatest adhesiveness was in the range of 70 to 90°C. Improved adhesiveness and water resistance were observed with 0.05% glutaraldehyde treatment.
Conduction in Carbon Nanotubes Through Metastable Resonant States (2003)

We report here on electrical measurements on individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) that show that the presence or movement of impurities or defects in the carbon nanotube can radically change its low temperature transport characteristics. The low temperature conductance can either decrease monotonically with decreasing temperature, or show a sudden increase at very low temperatures, sometimes in the same sample at different times. This unusual behavior of the temperature dependence of the conductance is correlated with large variations in the differential conductance as a function of the dc voltage across the wire. The effect is well described as arising from quantum interference of conduction channels corresponding to direct transmission through the nanotube and resonant transmission through a discrete electron state, the so-called Fano resonance.
Low-dose irradiation promotes tissue revascularization through VEGF release from mast cells and MMP-9–mediated progenitor cell mobilization (2005)

Mast cells accumulate in tissues undergoing angiogenesis during tumor growth, wound healing, and tissue repair. Mast cells can secrete angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Ionizing irradiation has also been shown to have angiogenic potential in malignant and nonmalignant diseases. We observed that low-dose irradiation fosters mast cell-dependent vascular regeneration in a limb ischemia model. Irradiation promoted VEGF production by mast cells in a matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)-dependent manner. Irradiation, through MMP-9 up-regulated by VEGF in stromal and endothelial cells, induced the release of Kit-ligand (KitL). Irradiation-induced VEGF promoted migration of mast cells from the bone marrow to the ischemic site. Irradiation-mediated release of KitL and VEGF was impaired in MMP-9-deficient mice, resulting in a reduced number of tissue mast cells and delayed vessel formation in the ischemic limb. Irradiation-induced vasculogenesis was abrogated in mice deficient in mast cells (steel mutant, Sl/Sl(d) mice) and in mice in which the VEGF pathway was blocked. Irradiation did not induce progenitor mobilization in Sl/Sl(d) mice. We conclude that increased recruitment and activation of mast cells following irradiation alters the ischemic microenvironment and promotes vascular regeneration in an ischemia model. These data show a novel mechanism of neovascularization and suggest that low-dose irradiation may be used for therapeutic angiogenesis to augment vasculogenesis in ischemic tissues.
Testing Inter-Chiplet Communication Interconnects in a Disaggregated SoC Design (2021)

The integration of High-bandwidth memory (HBM), is essentially one of the first proof points of in-package integration of heterogeneous silicon that gained steam using advanced packaging. Intel has demonstrated heterogenous integration through chiplet architecture and disaggregation in multiple products and different market segments. With the chiplet model gaining momentum as an alternative to developing monolithic SoC designs, which are becoming more complex and expensive at each node, Test is one of the major enablers of a wider adoption and development of chiplet ecosystem. Die-to-die (D2D) interconnect between chiplets raises complex test challenges, which are driving new standards and DfT approaches to advanced-package testing. This paper addresses these test challenges and emerging solutions for testing D2D interconnect in a disaggregated SoC design.
Bromodomain inhibitor i-BET858 triggers a unique transcriptional response coupled to enhanced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in high-grade ovarian carcinoma cells (2023)

Overall, our ex vivo and in vitro studies indicate that i-BET858 represents an optimal candidate to pursue further clinical validation for the treatment of HGSC.
Classification of Resilience Techniques Against Functional Errors at Higher Abstraction Layers of Digital Systems (2017)

Nanoscale technology nodes bring reliability concerns back to the center stage of digital system design. A systematic classification of approaches that increase system resilience in the presence of functional hardware (HW)-induced errors is presented, dealing with higher system abstractions, such as the (micro)architecture, the mapping, and platform software (SW). The field is surveyed in a systematic way based on nonoverlapping categories, which add insight into the ongoing work by exposing similarities and differences. HW and SW solutions are discussed in a similar fashion so that interrelationships become apparent. The presented categories are illustrated by representative literature examples to illustrate their properties. Moreover, it is demonstrated how hybrid schemes can be decomposed into their primitive components.
Bone matrix/copolymer/gelatin scaffold (SmartBone�) as a biomimetic graft for sinus lift procedure in dental surgery (2016)

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