gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Group index of the human cornea at 13-µm wavelength obtained in vitro by optical coherence domain reflectometry (2004)

The group index of the cornea, rather than the phase refractive index, is required for thickness calculations with optical coherence tomography. Recent advances with high-speed optical coherence tomography at 1.3 microm make index measurement at this wavelength of great interest. Group indices of three human corneas from an eye bank were measured in vitro with optical coherence domain reflectometry. Measurements were made in a calibrated cuvette filled with a preservation medium to maintain proper corneal hydration. Group indices were calculated from the optical path lengths measured. The corneal group index was 1.389 +/- 0.004 (average +/- standard deviation). The average group index of a balanced salt solution, an approximation to aqueous humor, was 1.343 +/- 0.001.
First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform (2020)

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber with an active volume of 7.2× 6.1× 7.0 m3. It is installed at the CERN Neutrino Platform in a specially-constructed beam that delivers charged pions, kaons, protons, muons and electrons with momenta in the range 0.3 GeV/c to 7 GeV/c. Beam line instrumentation provides accurate momentum measurements and particle identification. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, and it incorporates full-size components as designed for that module. This paper describes the beam line, the time projection chamber, the photon detectors, the cosmic-ray tagger, the signal processing and particle reconstruction. It presents the first results on ProtoDUNE-SP's performance, including noise and gain measurements, dE/dx calibration for muons, protons, pions and electrons, drift electron lifetime measurements, and photon detector noise, signal sensitivity and time resolution measurements. The measured values meet or exceed the specifications for the DUNE far detector, in several cases by large margins. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation starting in 2018 and its production of large samples of high-quality data demonstrate the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. © 2020 CERN.
Use of a Nonmetallic Guide Wire for Magnetic Resonance-Guided Coronary Artery Catheterization (2004)

Standard nitinol guide wires have to be considered unsafe for MR-guided interventions due to possible heating of electrical conducting structures in the MR environment. Passive visualization techniques allow MR-guided catheterization of small arteries like coronaries. However, there is the substantial disadvantage of obscuring the underlying anatomy of small vessels by the passive markers needed for real-time MR guidance.
Genomic prediction of the performance of hybrids and the combining abilities for line by tester trials in maize (2021)

The two most important activities in maize breeding are the development of inbred lines with high values of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), and the identification of hybrids with high yield potentials. Genomic selection (GS) is a promising genomic tool to perform selection on the untested breeding material based on the genomic estimated breeding values estimated from the genomic prediction (GP). In this study, GP analyses were carried out to estimate the performance of hybrids, GCA, and SCA for grain yield (GY) in three maize line-by-tester trials, where all the material was phenotyped in 10 to 11 multiple-location trials and genotyped with a mid-density molecular marker platform. Results showed that the prediction abilities for the performance of hybrids ranged from 0.59 to 0.81 across all trials in the model including the additive effect of lines and testers. In the model including both additive and non-additive effects, the prediction abilities for the performance of hybrids were improved and ranged from 0.64 to 0.86 across all trials. The prediction abilities of the GCA for GY were low, ranging between − 0.14 and 0.13 across all trials in the model including only inbred lines; the prediction abilities of the GCA for GY were improved and ranged from 0.49 to 0.55 across all trials in the model including both inbred lines and testers, while the prediction abilities of the SCA for GY were negative across all trials. The prediction abilities for GY between testers varied from − 0.66 to 0.82; the performance of hybrids between testers is difficult to predict. GS offers the opportunity to predict the performance of new hybrids and the GCA of new inbred lines based on the molecular marker information, the total breeding cost could be reduced dramatically by phenotyping fewer multiple-location trials.
Anomalous Fast Heating of Ions in GOL-3 Facility (2007)

Phenomenon of fast heating of plasma ions in the multimirror trap GOL-3 is discovered and explained. An essence of effect is that ion component of the plasma is heated during electron beam injection much faster (at 100-1000 times) than due to binary electron-ion collisions.An analysis of experimental results is presented and discussed. A model of fast non-Coulomb ion heating is suggested.
Re: Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Suppress Acute Cellular Rejection by TSG-6 and CD44 Interaction in Rat Kidney Transplantation (2015)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Apr 2015Re: Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Suppress Acute Cellular Rejection by TSG-6 and CD44 Interaction in Rat Kidney Transplantation Anthony AtalaMD Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.001AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Suppress Acute Cellular Rejection by TSG-6 and CD44 Interaction in Rat Kidney Transplantation." The Journal of Urology, 193(4), pp. 1441–1442 © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4April 2015Page: 1441-1442Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Loss of Amino Acids and Water Soluble Vitamins During Potato Processing (1985)

ABSTRACT Processing potatoes to potato flakes almost totally eradicated ascorbic acid, but better than 50% of the original amount of riboflavin and niacin was retained. Thiamin content of potato flakes can vary from 0‐65% of its amount in the raw potato depending on the amount of sulfite added during processing. If sulfite addition is controlled, a 100g portion of rehydrated potato flakes can supply about 1/6 of the Recommended Dietary Allowance of thiamin. Some losses of arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and gamma aminobutyric acid occurred during hot water blanching, and a significant loss of methionine occurred during drum drying. However, amino acids can be considered quite stable during potato flake production.
Photoluminescence and scintillation properties of various organic–inorganic perovskite-type compounds with a diamine (2022)

Abstract We reported the photoluminescence (PL) and scintillation characteristics of various organic–inorganic perovskite-type compounds having a diamine: (H 3 NC 5 H 10 NH 3 )PbBr 4 (1-5DIP), (H 3 NC 6 H 12 NH 3 )PbBr 4 (1-6DIH), (H 3 NC 10 H 20 O 2 NH 3 )PbBr 4 (BBE), and (H 3 NC 10 H 20 O 3 NH 3 )PbBr 4 (DGBE). In the PL spectra, an emission peak derived from free excitons in the inorganic layer was detected at approximately 410 nm (1-5DIP) and 400 nm (1-6DIH, BBE, and DGBE). Quantum yields of the 1-5DIP, 1-6DIH, BBE and DGBE crystals were 0.2%, 6.0%, 4.0%, and 4.2%, respectively. A scintillation peak originating from exciton emissions appeared at around 430 nm (1-6DIH, BBE and DBE), and 440 nm (1-5DIP) under X-ray radiation. Further, their pulse height spectra were recorded under 241 Am gamma-ray irradiation, and their scintillation light yields were 4400 photons MeV −1 (1-6DIH), 1400 photons MeV −1 (BBE), and 1700 photons MeV −1 (DGBE), whereas the yield of the 1-5DIP was not obtained.
ansa-Zirconocene Catalysts for Isotactic-Selective Propene Polymerization at High Temperature: A Long Story Finds a Happy Ending (2021)

Absolute rigidity is rare in the "soft" world of organometallics. Here we introduce two cyclopenta[<i>a</i>]triptycyl <i>ansa</i>-zirconocene catalysts for isotactic-selective propene polymerization, designed by means of an integrated high-throughput experimentation/quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling approach. An ultrarigid ligand precisely wrapped around the Zr center enforces an enzyme-like lock and key fit, effectively hampering undesired reactive events, even at high temperature. Stereodefective units are hardly detectable by <sup>13</sup>C NMR in the polymer produced at 120 °C; this corresponds to an enantioselectivity exceeding 6-7 kcal/mol: i.e., less than 1 propene misinsertion every 4000 (and at room temperature, one every ∼40000!).
Effects of Aflibercept for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Comparative Studies. (2017)

Aflibercept has comparable effects with ranibizumab for treatment-naïve nAMD in the real world, and may be more effective for patients with initial lower visual acuity.
Multi-order Retarders and the Mystery of Retardance Discontinuities (2014)

Multi-element high-order retarders’ retardance spectra tend to avoid integer numbers of waves of retardance. The Mueller matrix spectrum is continuous, but to unwrap the phase, discontinuities must be introduced. A retardance unwrapping algorithm is developed.
Question-answering in webtalk: an evaluation study (2004)

WebTalk is an intelligent agent that automatically mines company websites to create interactive spoken and chat-based dialog systems. In this paper, we briefly describe the technologies that WebTalk utilizes for extracting task knowledge from websites and answering questions specified in natural language. We elaborate on an evaluation of the question answering component of WebTalk. In particular, we compare this component with a deployed hand-crafted question answering agent. A detailed evaluation analysis is presented.
ECF (electro-conjugate fluid) finger with bidirectional motion and its application to a flexible hand (2018)

In this paper, we propose and develop an electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) finger with bidirectional motion and its application to a flexible hand. The finger is composed of a finger tube (5 mm in diameter) and a unit of ECF jet generators (5 × 7 × 8 mm3). The ECF is a kind of functional and dielectric fluid. Its jet flow is generated between two electrodes surrounded by the ECF under the high DC voltage. The ECF jet generator can be utilized as a hydraulic pressure source for the flexible finger tube and embedded in the finger. The flexible finger tube consists of two silicone rubber chambers whose cross-section is the shape of semi-circle along its axis. In the unit, there are two ECF jet generators, each of which has two pairs of needle-ring electrodes in parallel and which are connected to each other through the common line and placed to the opposite direction for the bidirectional motion of the ECF finger. One chamber of the finger expands due to the inner pressure generated by the ECF jet and the other one as an ECF container shrinks, causing the ECF finger to bend. The suitable parameters of the flexible finger tube are obtained by optimizing the cross-sectional shapes, the thickness of the partition and the fiber interval of the finger tube. Besides, the characteristics of the ECF finger including the displacement and self-generating force are investigated by experiments. The experimental results indicate that the proposed ECF finger can realize bidirectional motions with 9.2 mm in left-displacement and 6.4 mm in right-displacement and generate the maximum force: 6.6 mN. The final application of the ECF finger to a flexible hand also clearly shows the fingers are capable of grasping and releasing the object.
Varicella infection in the Middle East: Prevalence, complications, and vaccination (2018)

Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary infection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), it is a mild self-limiting infection, but it is also highly contagious and can cause severe complications among high-risk group of individuals. It is usually a childhood infection providing lifelong immunity, but adults without varicella history are also susceptible to infection. High-risk group of individuals is more likely to develop serious complications. Varicella vaccine was introduced to protect this group of individuals and to prevent epidemic spread of VZV infection in a community. Thus, it was added to the recommended vaccination schedules for children in most developed countries. This review aimed to outline varicella status, seroprevalence, complications, and vaccination in the Middle East region. Based on our findings, children were the most affected age group, but there are also adult cases due to high number of expatriates, especially in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Central nervous system involvements and skin diseases followed by varicella pneumonia were the most varicella-associated complications. Varicella vaccine was introduced in most Middle East countries, either mandatory by the Ministries of Health or optional in the private clinics. Few numbers of studies have reported an obvious reduction in varicella prevalence, hospitalizations, and deaths in the Middle East following varicella vaccination. A basic database about varicella infection before the initiation and implementation of a vaccination policy is essential to determine the target group of individuals. As far as our knowledge, this is the first review about varicella infection in the Middle East.
LigParGen web server: an automatic OPLS-AA parameter generator for organic ligands (2017)

The accurate calculation of protein/nucleic acid-ligand interactions or condensed phase properties by force field-based methods require a precise description of the energetics of intermolecular interactions. Despite the progress made in force fields, small molecule parameterization remains an open problem due to the magnitude of the chemical space; the most critical issue is the estimation of a balanced set of atomic charges with the ability to reproduce experimental properties. The LigParGen web server provides an intuitive interface for generating OPLS-AA/1.14*CM1A(-LBCC) force field parameters for organic ligands, in the formats of commonly used molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation packages. This server has high value for researchers interested in studying any phenomena based on intermolecular interactions with ligands via molecular mechanics simulations. It is free and open to all at jorgensenresearch.com/ligpargen, and has no login requirements.
Genetic Analysis of Small Well-differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Identifies Subgroups With Differing Risks of Liver Metastases (2018)

We identified genomic patterns of small PanNETs associated with a different risk for liver metastases. Molecular alterations, such as DAXX mutations, chromosomal gains, and ALT, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis in small PanNETs. Therefore, targeted sequencing and/or ALT analysis may help in the clinical decisions for these small PanNETs.
Synthesis of Fe-Co Alloy Particles by Modified Polyol Process (2006)

The successful synthesis of Fe-Co nanoparticles by using a modified polyol process is reported. The formation of the alloy nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray extended absorption fine structure analyses. The concentration of iron in these particles could be varied between 40% and 90% by controlling the reaction conditions such as initial Fe/Co ratio, reaction temperature and hydroxyl ion concentration. The shape of the particles changed from spherical to cubic when the concentration of Fe was increased from 40 to above 60 at. %. The highest magnetization of 225 emu/g was recorded for Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">70</sub> Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">30</sub> nanoparticles. The magnetization of these particles decreased by about 20% when exposed to severe oxidizing atmosphere for seven days
Presence of Cleaved Synaptosomal-Associated Protein-25 and Decrease of Purinergic Receptors P2X3 in the Bladder Urothelium Influence Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Overactive Bladder Syndrome (2015)

The results of this study provide a possible mechanism for the therapeutic effects of BoNT-A for the treatment of OAB via different treatment forms. BoNT-A and Lipotoxin treatments effectively decreased the frequency of urgency episodes in patients with OAB.
Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein in neurons after intraventricular injection of colchicine. (1992)

To study a possible relationship between inhibition of axonal flow and amyloidogenesis, the authors examined amyloid precursor protein (APP) immunoreactivity in rat brain treated with colchicine. After intraventricular injection of colchicine, the proximal axons of exposed neurons became swollen and showed a large increase in APP immunoreactivity, whereas the cytoplasm and dendritic processes showed lesser increases. These changes were seen in ipsilateral neurons of the hippocampus, lateral septal nucleus, amygdala, and entorhinal, parietal and temporal cortices, as well as bilaterally in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus. The increase of APP immunoreactivity appeared as early as 3 hours after the injection. It peaked at around 24 hours, and began to clear after about 4 days. A few strongly APP-positive dystrophic neurons remained. In serial sections at these later time periods, some strongly argentophilic neurons and Alz-50 positive neurons, each with abnormal neurities, could be demonstrated. The result suggests that APP may undergo fast axoplasmic flow in rat brain and that argentophilic changes of Alz-50 immunoproduction may follow APP accumulation caused by inhibition of axoplasmic flow.
Several applications of capillary electrophoresis for wines analysis. Quantitation of organic and inorganic acids, inorganic cations, amino acids and biogenic amines (1997)

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Capillary electrophoresis is now a well known analytical mean for the analysis of a great number of different molecules in miscellaneous media. Its usefullness is relatively unknown in oenology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this application note, we present the simultaneous analysis of organic and inorganic acids. Inorganic cations were also analysed. In both cases the detection was indirect-UVmode.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Amino acids and biogenic amines were also separated and quantitated after derivation of the wine using the fluorescein isothiocyanate and laser induced fluorescence detection. Twenty eight amino acids and biogenic amines were identitied in the same run.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The relative standard deviations of migration time and peak area allow very easy identification of the species and accute quantitations.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Benzodiazepine Receptor Partial Agonists: Oxadiazolylimidazobenzodiazepines. (1990)

Abstract Starting with the 1,4‐benzodiazepinedione (I), a series of oxadiazolylimidazobenzodiazepines, e.g. (VII) or the isomeric system (XIV), are prepared as shown in the reaction scheme.
Effects of surfactant micelles on viscosity and conductivity of poly(ethylene glycol) solutions (2004)

The neutral polymer-micelle interaction is investigated for various surfactants by viscometry and electrical conductometry. In order to exclude the well-known necklace scenario, we consider aqueous solutions of low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (2-20)x10(3), whose radial size is comparable to or smaller than micelles. The single-tail surfactants consist of anionic, cationic, and nonionic head groups. It is found that the viscosity of the polymer solution may be increased several times by micelles if weak attraction between a polymer segment and a surfactant exists, epsilon<k(B)T. Similarly, ion migration in polymer solutions may be significantly hindered by cooperative interactions between polymers and micelles. Even though epsilon is small, the interaction energy between a macromolecule and a micelle can be a few k(B)T due to many contacts, and thus leads to polymer adsorption on micelles' surfaces. The rapid growth of the viscosity with surfactant concentration is therefore attributed to the considerable cross links among micelles and polymers (transient network). In addition to substantial alteration of the transport properties, this weak interaction also influences the onset point of thermodynamic instability associated with polymer-surfactant solutions. The examples include the decrease of critical aggregation concentration for ionic surfactant and clouding point for nonionic surfactant due to PEG addition.
An assay to measure poly(ADP ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) activity in cells (2016)

After a DNA damage signal multiple polymers of ADP ribose attached to poly(ADP) ribose (PAR) polymerases (PARPs) are broken down by the enzyme poly(ADP) ribose glycohydrolase (PARG). Inhibition of PARG leads to a failure of DNA repair and small molecule inhibition of PARG has been a goal for many years. To determine whether biochemical inhibitors of PARG are active in cells we have designed an immunofluorescence assay to detect nuclear PAR after DNA damage. This 384-well assay is suitable for medium throughput high-content screening and can detect cell-permeable inhibitors of PARG from nM to µM potency. In addition, the assay has been shown to work in murine cells and in a variety of human cancer cells. Furthermore, the assay is suitable for detecting the DNA damage response induced by treatment with temozolomide and methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). Lastly, the assay has been shown to be robust over a period of several years.
Application of Gain Scheduling to the Control of Batch Bioreactors (1987)

The implementation of control algorithms to batch bioreactors is often complicated by the inherent variations in process dynamics during the course of fermentation. Such a wide operating range may render the performance of fixed gain PID controllers unsatisfactory. In this work, a detailed study on the control of batch fermentation is performed. Furthermore, a simple batch controller design is proposed which incorporates the concept of gain-scheduling, a sub-class of adaptive control, with oxygen uptake rate as an auxiliary variable. The control of oxygen tension in the biorector is used as a vehicle to convey the proposed idea, analysis and results. Simulation experiments indicate significant improvement in controller performance can be achieved by the proposed approach even in the presence of measurement noise.
A Protein–Polymer Hybrid Mediated By DNA (2012)

Protein-polymer hybrids (PPHs) represent an important and rapidly expanding class of biomaterials. Typically in these hybrids the linkage between the protein and the polymer is covalent. Here we describe a straightforward approach to a noncovalent PPH that is mediated by DNA. Although noncovalent, the DNA-mediated approach affords the highly specific pairing and assembly properties of DNA. To obtain the protein-DNA conjugate for assembly of the PPH, we report here the first direct copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition-based protein-DNA conjugation. This significantly simplifies access to protein-DNA conjugates. The protein-DNA conjugate and partner polymer-DNA conjugate are readily assembled through annealing of the cDNA strands to obtain the PPH, the assembly of which was confirmed via dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy.