gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Films of Oppositely Charged Domains from Self-Assembled Block Copolymers (2020)

The exploration of poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine), PtBMA-b-P4VP, as a precursor material for the creation of nanostructured films with oppositely charged domains is reported. Thin films of hexagonally packed P4VP cylinders were self-assembled perpendicular to the surface and subsequently treated with bromoethane vapor at various times to quaternize pyridinyl nitrogens. The PtBMA matrix was then partially hydrolyzed to poly(methacrylic acid), PMAA, through HCl vapor treatment followed by neutralization by brief submersion in KOH solution. Under optimal treatment conditions, atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements confirm that the film morphologies remain intact and become more hydrophilic. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry confirms the presence and location of specific anions and cations within each domain throughout the block copolymer film and corroborates successful ionization during each treatment step. These results bolster the viability of PtBMA-b-P4VP as a suitable material for creating self-assembled nanostructures bearing oppositely charged domains under relatively facile conditions and open the door to future investigations for their potential application in charged mosaic membranes.
Small molecules targeting LapB protein prevent Listeria attachment to catfish muscle (2017)

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis. L. monocytogenes lapB gene encodes a cell wall surface anchor protein, and mutation of this gene causes Listeria attenuation in mice. In this work, the potential role of Listeria LapB protein in catfish fillet attachment was investigated. To achieve this, boron-based small molecules designed to interfere with the active site of the L. monocytogenes LapB protein were developed, and their ability to prevent L. monocytogenes attachment to fish fillet was tested. Results indicated that seven out of nine different small molecules were effective in reducing the Listeria attachment to catfish fillets. Of these, three small molecules (SM3, SM5, and SM7) were highly effective in blocking Listeria attachment to catfish fillets. This study suggests an alternative strategy for reduction of L. monocytogenes contamination in fresh and frozen fish products.
Bragg grating inscriptions within strained monomode high NA germania-doped fibres: part I. Experimentation (1997)

Bragg grating inscriptions have been performed within strained, high numerical aperture (NA), germania-doped, monomode fibres. It is shown that the complex dynamics of Bragg grating spectrum formation recorded in these fibres depend strongly on the strain applied to the fibre at the time of photoimprinting. Thermal stability studies of gratings written in strained fibres have been carried out through 30 min isochronal bleaching experiments. It is shown that the stretching of the fibre during the grating fabrication is an important parameter governing the decay of the grating. The implications of these observations are discussed from a practical point of view.
Frequency dispersion characteristics of the complex permittivity of the epoxy‐carbon black composites (1998)

The effects of frequency, volume fraction of carbon black, and porosity on the complex permittivity of the epoxy-carbon black composites were investigated and the frequency dispersion behavior model for the complex permittivity was proposed. In the epoxy-carbon black composites, the frequency dispersion behaviors of the complex permittivity changed from relaxation spectrum to resonance spectrum with increasing the amount of carbon black. The complex permittivity of the composites increased with decreasing the porosity. Comparing the complex permittivity of the composites filled with 2 vol % of carbon black with the values obtained from three types of previously reported model equations, the relaxation behavior coincided with the Havriliak-Negami model. The damping and asymmetrical factor values were increased with increasing porosity in the composites. The empirical equation proposed here was useful in describing the complex permittivity of the composites of > 3 vol % carbon black with resonance type. The damping factor (γ) decreased as the filler content increased, but the asymmetrical factor (κ) increased reversely. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 363–369, 1998
Efforts Toward the Direct Experimental Characterization of Enzyme Microenvironments: Tyrosine100 in Dihydrofolate Reductase (2009)

State secrets: Site-specific deuteration and FTIR studies reveal that Tyr100 in dihydrofolate reductase plays an important role in catalysis, with a strong electrostatic coupling occurring between Tyr100 and the charge that develops in the hydride-transfer transition state (see picture, NADP(+) purple, Tyr100 green). However, relaying correlated motions that facilitate catalysis from distal sites of the protein to the hydride donor may also be involved.
Direct Observation of Carbene and Diazo Formation from Aryldiazirines by Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy (2008)

Ultrafast laser flash photolysis (lambda(ex) = 270 nm) of phenyldiazirine produces transient infrared absorptions at 2040 and 1582 cm(-1). The first band is assigned to phenyldiazomethane, and the second is assigned to singlet phenylcarbene. This assignment is consistent with DFT calculations. Diazo band integration reveals that photoisomerization from diazirine to diazo occurs within a few picoseconds of the laser pulse. The majority of carbene produced is also formed instantaneously.
Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 3A protein regulates CDKN2B transcription via interaction with MIZ-1 (2014)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 3 family of protein is critical for the EBV-induced primary B-cell growth transformation process. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen we identified 22 novel cellular partners of the EBNA3s. Most importantly, among the newly identified partners, five are known to play direct and important roles in transcriptional regulation. Of these, the Myc-interacting zinc finger protein-1 (MIZ-1) is a transcription factor initially characterized as a binding partner of MYC. MIZ-1 activates the transcription of a number of target genes including the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN2B. Focusing on the EBNA3A/MIZ-1 interaction we demonstrate that binding occurs in EBV-infected cells expressing both proteins at endogenous physiological levels and that in the presence of EBNA3A, a significant fraction of MIZ-1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, we show that a trimeric complex composed of a MIZ-1 recognition DNA element, MIZ-1 and EBNA3A can be formed, and that interaction of MIZ-1 with nucleophosmin (NPM), one of its coactivator, is prevented by EBNA3A. Finally, we show that, in the presence of EBNA3A, expression of the MIZ-1 target gene, CDKN2B, is downregulated and repressive H3K27 marks are established on its promoter region suggesting that EBNA3A directly counteracts the growth inhibitory action of MIZ-1.
Accurate Model-Based Point of Gaze Estimation on Mobile Devices (2018)

The most accurate remote Point of Gaze (PoG) estimation methods that allow free head movements use infrared light sources and cameras together with gaze estimation models. Current gaze estimation models were developed for desktop eye-tracking systems and assume that the relative roll between the system and the subjects' eyes (the 'R-Roll') is roughly constant during use. This assumption is not true for hand-held mobile-device-based eye-tracking systems. We present an analysis that shows the accuracy of estimating the PoG on screens of hand-held mobile devices depends on the magnitude of the R-Roll angle and the angular offset between the visual and optical axes of the individual viewer. We also describe a new method to determine the PoG which compensates for the effects of R-Roll on the accuracy of the POG. Experimental results on a prototype infrared smartphone show that for an R-Roll angle of 90 ° , the new method achieves accuracy of approximately 1 ° , while a gaze estimation method that assumes that the R-Roll angle remains constant achieves an accuracy of 3.5 ° . The manner in which the experimental PoG estimation errors increase with the increase in the R-Roll angle was consistent with the analysis. The method presented in this paper can improve significantly the performance of eye-tracking systems on hand-held mobile-devices.
Micro gradient-index conical lenses: simulation and fabrication methods (2005)

In this paper, a micro gradient-index conical lens, which has a larger acceptance angle than a conventional microlens, is presented. Methods on how to simulate these lenses in commercial optical design software CodeV are introduced, and the effects of several index profiles and cone shapes are compared in simulation. Results show that a micro gradient-index conical lens has a four times larger acceptance angle compared with a microlens. Additionally, conical lenses with a Gaussian-index profile show a larger acceptance angle than those with a solid refractive index. Fabricated conical lenses show an acceptance angle of more than 27 degrees for a detection threshold of 50%, which agrees with the simulation result.
Correction: The PIKfyve complex regulates the early melanosome homeostasis required for physiological amyloid formation (doi:10.1242/jcs.229500) (2019)

There was an error in J. Cell Sci. (2019) 132, jcs229500 (doi:10.1242/jcs.229500).The DMSO lanes in Fig. 2C and D were duplicated in Fig. 2E and F, respectively, which contravenes our image presentation guidelines. The authors supplied full blots for all these panels and prepared a new figure using these.The corrected and original panels are shown below. Both the online full-text and PDF versions of the article have been updated.The authors apologise for this error.
Epigenome-Based Personalized Medicine in human Cancer (2015)

Cancer genome sequencing has created an opportunity for precision medicine. Thus far, genetic alterations can only be used to guide treatment for small subsets of certain cancer types with these key alterations. Similar to mutations, epigenetic events are equally suitable for personalized medicine. DNA methylation alterations have been used to identify tumor-specific drug responsive markers. Methylation of MGMT sensitizes gliomas to alkylating agents is an example of epigenetic personalized medicine. Recent studies have revealed that 5-azacytidine and decitabine show activity in myelodysplasia, lung and other cancers. There are currently at least 20 kinds of histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical testing. Inhibitors targeting other epigenetic regulators are being clinically tested, such as EZH2 inhibitor EPZ-6438.
De nouvelles technologies de l’énergie en rupture ? (2019)

La question climatique impose une forte accélération de l’innovation dans les technologies de l’énergie et les procédés bas carbone. L’introduction massive d’énergie renouvelable intermittente nécessite la mise en œuvre de dispositifs de stockage de l’électricité à bas coût et durables, l’utilisation de vecteurs énergétiques décarbonés et versatiles, tels que l’hydrogène produit par électrolyse. Au-delà, les secteurs des carburants pour les transports, de la chimie et des matériaux doivent être massivement défossilisés, en ayant recours au captage et à la séquestration du CO 2 dans les procédés industriels, dont une partie peut 2 être réutilisée comme matière première, ou en faisant appel à des procédés plus neutres en carbone dans les secteurs très émetteurs (sidérurgie). Enfin, la co-conversion de l’hydrogène et du dioxyde de carbone en carburants et molécules d’intérêt mise sur des technologies de rupture, telles que la biologie synthétique, la photocatalyse ou encore l’électrosynthèse.
Universal Form of Hall Coefficient in K and Rb Doped Single CrystalC60 (1995)

We report the first Hall effect measurements on K and Rb doped single crystals of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient ${R}_{H}$ for each material and the variation in ${R}_{H}$ between the two materials can be accounted for solely by the variations in lattice constant, yielding a universal relationship of ${R}_{H}$ versus lattice constant for the alkali-doped ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ systems. The results are interpreted in the context of a strongly disordered system in which the Hall coefficient is sensitive to disorder broadening at the Fermi energy.
Sustainable data centers (2009)

The environmental impact of data centers is significant and is growing rapidly. Servers alone in the US consumed 1.2% of the nation's energy in 2005, according to the EPA. In the following year, the EPA found that the cost of energy rose by 10%. However, there are many opportunities for greater efficiency through integrated design and management of data center components. To that end, we propose a sustainable data center that replaces conventional resource delivery models with a framework centered around the supply and demand side management of all data center resources including IT, power and cooling. We have identified five elements for achieving this vision: data center scale lifecycle design, flexible and configurable building blocks, pervasive cross-layer sensing, knowledge discovery and visualization, and autonomous control. We describe these principles and provide selected results that quantify the potential for savings.
Three Dimensional Adaptive Bone Remodeling Simulation of THR Femur and Anterior Fixed Vertebra. (1998)

The adaptive bone remodeling phenomenon was analyzed using the three dimensional finite element method on two important clinical problem ; a proximal femur after prosthetic total hip joint replacement (THR) and vertebral bodies fixed by the anterior spinal instrumentation (SI). On the THR simulation, a normal hip joint model which composed of the proximal femur and the pelvic bone including femoral head and acetabular was constructed three-dimensionally. On the simulation of spinal instrumentation, a normal lumbar spine model which composed three vertebral bodies and four intervertebral discs was constructed three-dimensionally. Each normal model was used to determine the bone density distribution in normal bone tissue using the adaptive bone remodeling theory proposed by Weinans et al. It was confirmed that the bone density distribution obtained from the simulation was almost similar to the physiological distribution. Subsequently, THR model was constructed by the insertion of a noncemented prosthesis of Harris Type into the normal hip joint model, and SI model was constructed by the insertion of Kaneda device into the normal lumbar spine model. As a result, the remodeling simulation showed that the bone density and the stress decreased significantly at cancellous bone around bone-inplant interface.
Table S2 from TAS6417, A Novel EGFR Inhibitor Targeting Exon 20 Insertion Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Inhibitory activity and kinase selectivity of TAS6417 in biochemical assays&lt;/p&gt;
2-Amino-4-benzyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridines:  Novel Selective β3-Adrenoceptor Agonists (1999)

Trimetoquinol (TMQ, 7) is a potent nonselective beta-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist. Replacement of the catechol moiety of TMQ with a 2-aminothiazole group resulted in novel thiazolopyridine derivatives 9-11 which have been synthesized and evaluated for biological activity on human beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-AR. The Bischler-Napieralski reaction has been employed as a novel approach to construct the 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine ring system. Although in radioligand binding studies analogues 9 and 10 did not show selectivity toward beta3-AR, they exhibited a high degree of selective beta3-AR agonist activity in functional assays. Moreover, the beta3-AR agonist activity of the 2-aminothiazole derivatives is abolished by N-acetylation (analogue 11) or ring opening (analogue 25). This illustrates the importance of the intact 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine ring for beta3-AR activity.
The molecular basis of cystathionine ß‐synthase (CBS) deficiency in UK and US patients with homocystinuria (2004)

The molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency has been studied in 536 patient alleles with 130 different mutations described. To date, no study has reported on the incidence of any of the reported mutations in patients from the UK and the US. We developed a new antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) PCR/hybridization method to screen for 12 of the most frequent CBS mutations in 14 unrelated patients from the UK and 38 unrelated patients from the US, a total of 104 independent alleles. We determined 16/28 (57%) and 28/76 (37%) of the affected alleles in the UK and US patients, respectively. Four different mutations were identified in the UK patients (c.374G>A, R125Q; c.430G>A, E144K; c.833T>C, I278T; c.919G>A, G307S) and 8 mutations identified in the patients from the US (c.341C>T, A114V; c.374G>A, R125Q; c.785C>T, T262M; c.797G>A, R266K; c.833T>C, I278T; c.919G>A, G307S; g.13217A>C (del ex 12); c.1330G>A, D444N). The I278T was the predominant mutation in both populations, present in 8 (29%) of 28 independent alleles from the UK and in 14 (18%) of 76 independent alleles from the US. The incidence of the G307S mutation was 21% in the UK patients and 8% in the US patients. The spectrum of mutations observed in the patients from the UK and US is closer to that which is observed in Northern Europe and bears less resemblance to that observed in Ireland.
Portfolio Optimization Strategy for Concentrated Portfolios: Models and Time Horizons (2018)

Recent academic literature has noted that high conviction, or concentrated, portfolios (i.e., those with approximately 15 or fewer assets) often outperform larger, theoretically better diversified, portfolios. Recent research has also suggested that some of the gains from traditional portfolio optimization are in fact from the selection of relatively lower volatility stocks through the optimization process. To help wealth managers navigate the new uncertainty in the academic literature, the authors conduct a large-scale test of four approaches to portfolio construction that could be applied to high conviction portfolios. This study found that the traditional mean–variance-optimization approach worked well with very small portfolios but that a minimum Black Swan risk portfolio worked better when more holdings were included in the portfolios. The authors discuss the results and possible implications for winning approaches for wealth management. <b>TOPICS:</b>Portfolio construction, analysis of individual factors/risk premia, tail risks, performance measurement
Data from BMX-Mediated Regulation of Multiple Tyrosine Kinases Contributes to Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer responds to therapies that suppress androgen receptor (AR) activity (androgen deprivation therapy, ADT) but invariably progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The Tec family nonreceptor tyrosine kinase BMX is activated downstream of PI3K and has been implicated in regulation of multiple pathways and in the development of cancers including prostate cancer. However, its precise mechanisms of action, and particularly its endogenous substrates, remain to be established. Here, we demonstrate that BMX expression in prostate cancer is suppressed directly by AR via binding to the BMX gene and that BMX expression is subsequently rapidly increased in response to ADT. BMX contributed to CRPC development in cell line and xenograft models by positively regulating the activities of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases through phosphorylation of a phosphotyrosine-tyrosine (pYY) motif in their activation loop, generating pYpY that is required for full kinase activity. To assess BMX activity &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, we generated a BMX substrate–specific antibody (anti-pYpY) and found that its reactivity correlated with BMX expression in clinical samples, supporting pYY as an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; substrate. Inhibition of BMX with ibrutinib (developed as an inhibitor of the related Tec kinase BTK) or another BMX inhibitor BMX-IN-1 markedly enhanced the response to castration in a prostate cancer xenograft model. These data indicate that increased BMX in response to ADT contributes to enhanced tyrosine kinase signaling and the subsequent emergence of CRPC, and that combination therapies targeting AR and BMX may be effective in a subset of patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; The tyrosine kinase BMX is negatively regulated by androgen and contributes to castration-resistant prostate cancer by enhancing the phosphorylation and activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases following ADT. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(18); 5203–15. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Determination of Nicotine N-1-Glucuronide, a Quaternary N-Glucuronide Conjugate, in Human Biological Samples (2000)

[Methyl-d3]-N-1-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(+/-)-nicotinium inner salt ((+/-)-[methyl-d3]nicotine N-1-glucuronide) was synthesized from (+/-)-[methyl-d3]nicotine via reaction with methyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-bromodeoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranouronate, followed by deprotection with 1 M aqueous NaOH and purification by preparative TLC. Nicotine N-glucuronide was identified and determined directly in smokers' urine. A solid phase extraction method was used to partially isolate the material from urine. Subsequent determination was by thermospray-LC/MS using the synthetic d3-labeled nicotine N-glucuronide as internal standard. The identified urinary component had the same retention time as a synthetic standard and gave the same mass spectrum. The thermospray mass spectrum was characterized from the protonated molecular ion (m/z 339) and the protonated aglycone ion (m/z 163). Quantitative results from this direct method were compared with those from an indirect method, which calculated the nicotine glucuronide in the biological sample from the amount of nicotine released following treatment of the sample with the deconjugating enzyme, beta-glucuronidase. On average, the concentration of nicotine N-glucuronide determined by the direct method was 34% greater than that determined by the indirect method. Concentrations of nicotine N-glucuronide in urine ranged from 2.2 to 7.6 nmol/ml with a limit of detection of 1.3 nmol/ml.
ChemInform Abstract: Antibody Catalysis of Difficult Chemical Transformations. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Statistically justified definition and classification of bone conduction depression by means of Cluster analysis (2022)

A uniform classification of the severity of changes in the bone conduction hearing threshold in the pure tone audiogram does not exist so far. A standardized treatment of decrease in bone conduction after ear operations is not possible. Treatment of this complication is based on the clinical appearance of the patient and the experience of the physician.
At the beginning of the lecture (2007)

The start of a lecture is perhaps the most exciting and at the same time the most nerve racking moment of a lecture. This is when the audience's mentality is changing from a normal mode to a listening and paying attention mode. This is also when the lecturer is uncertain about the lecture, the questions that may arise, and the reaction of the audience.