gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Prostaglandin D2 Receptor, DP, in Eosinophil Trafficking (2007)

Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is a major mast cell product that acts via two receptors, the D-type prostanoid (DP) and the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) receptors. Whereas CRTH2 mediates the chemotaxis of eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 lymphocytes, the role of DP has remained unclear. We report in this study that, in addition to CRTH2, the DP receptor plays an important role in eosinophil trafficking. First, we investigated the release of eosinophils from bone marrow using the in situ perfused guinea pig hind limb preparation. PGD2 induced the rapid release of eosinophils from bone marrow and this effect was inhibited by either the DP receptor antagonist BWA868c or the CRTH2 receptor antagonist ramatroban. In contrast, BWA868c did not inhibit the release of bone marrow eosinophils when this was induced by the CRTH2-selective agonist 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGD2. In additional experiments, we isolated bone marrow eosinophils from the femoral cavity and found that these cells migrated toward PGD2. We also observed that BWA868c inhibited this response to a similar extent as ramatroban. Finally, using immunohistochemistry we could demonstrate that eosinophils in human bone marrow specimens expressed DP and CRTH2 receptors at similar levels. Eosinophils isolated from human peripheral blood likewise expressed DP receptor protein but at lower levels than CRTH2. In agreement with this, the chemotaxis of human peripheral blood eosinophils was inhibited both by BWA868c and ramatroban. These findings suggest that DP receptors comediate with CRTH2 the mobilization of eosinophils from bone marrow and their chemotaxis, which might provide the rationale for DP antagonists in the treatment of allergic disease.
Chemical Shift Anisotropy Tensors of Carbonyl, Nitrogen, and Amide Proton Nuclei in Proteins through Cross-Correlated Relaxation in NMR Spectroscopy (2005)

The principal components and orientations of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensors of the carbonyl (C'), nitrogen (N), and amide proton (H(N)) nuclei of 64 distinct amide bonds in human ubiquitin have been determined in isotropic solution by a set of 14 complementary auto- and cross-correlated relaxation rates involving the CSA interactions of the nuclei of interest and several dipole-dipole (DD) interactions. The CSA parameters thus obtained depend to some degree on the models used for local motions. Three cases have been considered: restricted isotropic diffusion, three-dimensional Gaussian axial fluctuations (3D-GAF), and independent out-of-plane motions of the NH(N) vectors with respect to the peptide planes.
Correlation of gene expression and protein production rate - a system wide study (2011)

Based on these results it appears that in low growth rate protein production energy is very efficiently used primarly for protein production. Also, we propose that flux through early glycolysis or the TCA cycle is a more fundamental determining factor than growth rate for low growth rate protein production and we propose a novel eukaryotic response to this i.e. the lineage specific response (LSR).
Simultaneous PVT-tolerant voltage-island formation and core placement for thousand-core platforms (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to voltage island formation and core placement for energy optimization in manycore architectures under parameter variations at pre-fabrication stage. We group the cores into irregular "cloud-shaped" voltage islands. The islands are created by balancing the desire to limit the spatial extent of each island, to reduce PVT impact, with the communication patterns between islands. Compared to using rectangular islands, our approach leads to power improvements between 10 and 12%.
Intensive training in adults refines A1 representations degraded in an early postnatal critical period (2007)

The spectral, temporal, and intensive selectivity of neurons in the adult primary auditory cortex (A1) is easily degraded in early postnatal life by raising rat pups in the presence of pulsed noise. The nonselective frequency tuning recorded in these rats substantially endures into adulthood. Here we demonstrate that perceptual training applied in these developmentally degraded postcritical-period rats results in the recovery of normal representational fidelity. By using a modified go/no-go training strategy, structured noise-reared rats were trained to identify target auditory stimuli of specific frequency from a set of distractors varying in frequency. Target stimuli changed daily on a random schedule. Consistent with earlier findings, structured noise exposure within the critical period resulted in disrupted tonotopicity within A1 and in degraded frequency-response selectivity for A1 neurons. Tonotopicity and frequency-response selectivity were normalized by perceptual training. Changes induced by training endured without loss for at least 2 months after training cessation. The results further demonstrate the potential utility of perceptual learning as a strategy for normalizing deteriorated auditory representations in older (postcritical-period) children and adults.
Meningococcal Vaccines: A Technological Revolution (2021)

The sneaky meningococcus is a bacterium that can cause terrible disease. Development of an effective vaccine has been extremely difficult. Meningococcal vaccines developed in the 1990s are based on the bacterial capsule, a shield that protects the bacteria and that is used to instruct our body to combat this terrible disease. These vaccines work against four types of meningococcus: A, C, W, and Y. However, they do not work against meningococcus B. Scientists had to invent a completely new way to make vaccines, reading the bacterial DNA to search for new protective components. With this new approach, named reverse vaccinology, three new bacterial components were discovered: NadA, NHBA, and fHbp. When combined with a fourth component (PorA), they form the 4CMenB vaccine. This vaccine has reduced meningococcal disease in infants by 75% in the UK. Today, 4CMenB protects children all around the world.
TiO2 coated optical fibers for distributed real-time pH monitoring in wellbore conditions (2022)

pH is a critical parameter for wellbore integrity and geochemical monitoring in wells for oil and gas production, CO<sub>2</sub> storage, H<sub>2</sub> subsurface storage, and geothermal systems. In situ real-time pH monitoring in subsurface wells is of significant value for wellbore integrity monitoring and predictive analysis of well component deterioration such as casing steel corrosion and cement carbonation. However, harsh environments in subsurface wells have limited many commonly used pH sensors. We have previously demonstrated optical fiber pH sensors coated with metal oxide-based sensing materials such as TiO<sub>2</sub>, which offer stability at high pressures and temperatures. In this study, we demonstrated TiO<sub>2</sub> coated optical fibers for real-time distributed pH monitoring based on backscattered light interrogation. TiO<sub>2</sub> coated optical fibers were tested under ambient conditions and wellbore relevant conditions at elevated temperatures. TiO<sub>2</sub> coating was deposited on the optical fibers through a facile sol-gel method. TiO<sub>2</sub> coated optical fibers have shown promising pH sensing results under elevated temperatures and high pH conditions, making them suitable for wellbore cement monitoring.
Proton pump inhibitors attenuate myofibroblast formation associated with thyroid eye disease through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (2019)

Thyroid eye disease (TED) can lead to scar formation and tissue remodeling in the orbital space. In severe cases, the scarring process leads to sight-threatening pathophysiology. There is no known effective way to prevent scar formation in TED patients, or to reverse scarring once it occurs. In this study, we show that the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), esomeprazole and lansoprazole, can prevent transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-mediated differentiation of TED orbital fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, a critical step in scar formation. Both PPIs prevent TGFβ-induced increases in alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), calponin, and collagen production and reduce TED orbital fibroblast cell proliferation and migration. Esomeprazole and lansoprazole exert these effects through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-dependent pathway that includes reducing β-catenin/Wnt signaling. We conclude that PPIs are potentially useful therapies for preventing or treating TED by reducing the myofibroblast accumulation that occurs in the disease.
Primary Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus (1988)

Two-thirds of all deaths in developed countries are caused by the major noncommunicable diseases, e.g., cardiovascular disease, cancer, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). There is increasing evidence that these diseases are a consequence of life-style change, and they have a number of risk factors in common. Primary prevention of both insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and NIDDM has become increasingly important because of their significant morbidity and mortality and the human and economic costs associated with diabetes and its complications. Prevention of the two major forms of diabetes, IDDM and NIDDM, are quite separate issues. The former appears to be an autoimmune disorder, whereas the latter should be considered along with other life-style-related noncommunicable diseases. The primary prevention of NIDDM appears to offer the greatest promise of success. The uncertainty that still exists as to the role of obesity and other risk factors in the development of NIDDM gives support to a multiple-risk-factor intervention approach (through a healthy life-style strategy) for NIDDM prevention.
Suppression of Nonspecific Protein–Nanodiamond Adsorption Enabling Specific Targeting of Nanodiamonds to Biomolecules of Interest (2014)

Abstract Applications of nanodiamonds (NDs) to bioimaging are restricted because of the nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules on the surface of NDs. Here, we show that hyperbranched polyglycerol-modified nanodiamond realizes both excellent dispersibility and marked suppression of nonspecific adsorption to proteins. Moreover, selective targeting to the proteins of interest, and the measurement of optically detected magnetic resonance from this nanodiamond on living cells are demonstrated.
Subthalamic‐thalamic DBS in a case with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and severe tremor—A unusual clinical benefit (2007)

This is a single case report of a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) and severe tremor. Whereas disease progression with prevailing ataxia and dysmetria was slow over the first symptomatic 6 years, 6 months prior to operation were characterized by the development of a severe, debilitating postural tremor rendering the patient unable to independently sit, stand, speak, or swallow. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at a subthalamic-thalamic electrode position almost completely arrested her tremor. The patient regained the functional state prior to her rapid disease progression allowing a restricted range of daily activities. Her condition has remained approximately stable over the two postoperative years to date. In addition to the efficacy of DBS on cerebellar tremor, the results illustrate a remarkable improvement of the patient's general condition and independence.
4,5,8,9‐tetrahydro‐8‐methyl‐9‐oxothieno[3′,2′:5,6]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]‐ pyrrole‐7‐acetic acid. A new anti‐inflammatory/analgesic agent (1983)

Abstract The synthesis of the thienocyclohepta[1, 2‐ b ]pyrrole acid 1 from the morpholide 3 is reported. This novel morpholide was prepared by regiospecific alkylation of the dianion of 4 ‐(1, 3‐dioxobutyl)morpholine with 3‐bromomethylthiophene. Subsequent Knorr pyrrole synthesis led to the morpholide 8b which was converted to the desired tricyclic ring system under Vilsmeier conditions. An alternative route involving Friedel‐Crafts cyclisation was used to prepare the related benzocycloheptapyrrole 2 .
Design and Kinetic Analysis of a Hybrid Promoter–Regulator System for Malonyl-CoA Sensing in Escherichia coli (2013)

Malonyl-CoA is the rate-limiting precursor involved in the chain elongation reaction of a range of value-added pharmaceuticals and biofuels. Development of malonyl-CoA responsive sensors holds great promise in overcoming critical pathway limitations and optimizing production titers and yields. By incorporating the Bacillus subtilis trans-regulatory protein FapR and the cis-regulatory element fapO, we constructed a hybrid promoter-regulatory system that responds to a broad range of intracellular malonyl-CoA concentrations (from 0.1 to 1.1 nmol/mgDW) in Escherichia coli. Elimination of regulatory protein and nonspecific DNA cross-communication leads to a sensor construct that exhibits malonyl-CoA-dependent linear phase kinetics with increased dynamic response range. The sensors reported in this study could potentially control and optimize carbon flux leading to robust biosynthetic pathways for the production of malonyl-CoA-derived compounds.
A Review of Management Architectures and Balancing Strategies in Smart Batteries (2019)

Battery management systems (BMSs) play a critical role to ensure the safety and extend the lifetime of the Lithium-ion batteries. In the conventional BMSs, there are some disadvantages such as low scalability and insufficient flexibility. In order to enhance these performances and further increase their reliability, the smart batteries are proposed. The smart batteries are the cell-level BMSs, which are built by the integrated cell modules connected in series. Each integrated cell module can monitor its own states, control the bypass circuit, and can communicate with the master controller, thus they are also called smart cells. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of management architectures, communication implementations, bypass circuits, and bypass decision strategies in the smart batteries. Four different existing smart batteries are compared. According to the comparison, future trends of the smart batteries are provided.
Human posterior parietal cortex responds to visual stimuli as early as peristriate occipital cortex (2018)

Abstract Much of what is known about the timing of visual processing in the brain is inferred from intracranial studies in monkeys, with human data limited to mainly non-invasive methods with lower spatial resolution. Here, we estimated visual onset latencies from electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings in a patient who was implanted with 112 sub-dural electrodes, distributed across the posterior cortex of the right hemisphere, for pre-surgical evaluation of intractable epilepsy. Functional MRI prior to surgery was used to determine boundaries of visual areas. The patient was presented with images of objects from several categories. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were calculated across all categories excluding targets, and statistically reliable onset latencies were determined using a bootstrapping procedure over the single trial baseline activity in individual electrodes. The distribution of onset latencies broadly reflected the known hierarchy of visual areas, with the earliest cortical responses in primary visual cortex, and higher areas showing later responses. A clear exception to this pattern was robust, statistically reliable and spatially localized, very early responses on the bank of the posterior intra-parietal sulcus (IPS). The response in the IPS started nearly simultaneously with responses detected in peristriate visual areas, around 60 milliseconds post-stimulus onset. Our results support the notion of early visual processing in the posterior parietal lobe, not respecting traditional hierarchies, and give direct evidence for the upper limit of onset times of visual responses across the human cortex.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chlorin—Diene Building Block by Enyne Metathesis: Synthesis of Chlorin—Fullerene Dyads. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Collective oscillations in a bubble column: Higher modes (1990)

One possible source of ambient noise in the ocean is clouds of bubbles generated by a variety of mechanisms at the sea surface and extending down to depths of several meters [A. Prosperetti, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1042–1054 (1988)]. Experimental evidence exists [Yoon et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (1990)] that demonstrates that the sound generated by a cloud of bubbles is characteristic of the gross features of the cloud itself. From the analysis of underwater acoustic emissions of these “collective oscillations,” the numerous modes of vibration of a column of bubbles were studied, including a variety of boundary conditions, and these results compared against theoretical predictions. Because of the excellent agreement that exists between predicted and measured acoustic characteristics of the bubble-filled column, it appears that the theory for describing such collective oscillations is becoming firmly established. [Work supported by ONR and ONT.]
A unified method for characterization of microstrip and waveguide discontinuities of irregular shape (2002)

A unified numerical method is proposed to analyze the discontinuities of two major waveguide structures, microstrips and rectangular waveguides, at microwave frequencies. Roof-top and rectangular-pipe subdomain functions are used in an electric-field integral-equation formulation to adequately expand the three-dimensional current densities of an irregularly-shaped conductor. The method is therefore applicable to general configurations of microstrip and waveguide discontinuities. Shielded microstrips, which are a combination of microstrips and rectangular waveguides, can be evaluated efficiently using this technique.
Interaction of hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase derived from a recombinant baculovirus expression system with an azarene oxide and an aziridine substrate analog (1993)

A recombinant baculovirus (vEHX) encoding rat hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase has been constructed. Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells with the recombinant virus results in the expression of the enzyme at a level estimated to be between 5% and 10% of the cellular protein. The enzyme, which can be purified in 15% yield by a simple three-step procedure involving detergent extraction, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and removal of the detergent on hydroxylapatite, has physical and kinetic properties very close to those of the enzyme obtained from rat liver microsomes. The interaction of the enzyme with two nitrogen-containing analogues of the substrate phenanthrene 9,10-oxide (1) was investigated in order to delineate the contributions of the oxirane group and the hydrophobic surface of the substrate to substrate recognition. The enzyme exhibits altered kinetic properties toward 1,10-phenanthroline 5,6-oxide (2) in which the biphenyl group of 1 is replaced with a bipyridyl group, suggesting that hydrophobic interaction between the complementary surfaces of the substrate and active site has an influence on catalysis. The conjugate acid of the aziridine analogue of 1, phenanthrene 9,10-imine (3), in which the oxirane oxygen is replaced with NH, has a pKa of 6.1, which allows the characterization of both the neutral and protonated aziridine (3H+) as substrate analogues for the enzyme. The pH dependence of the solvolysis reveals that 3H+ rearranges to a 65/35 mixture of 9-aminophenanthrene and 9-amino-10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene 10(3)-fold faster than does 3. The neutral aziridine is a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 26 microM) of the enzyme at pH 8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GaAs nanowires with oxidation-proof arsenic capping for the growth of an epitaxial shell (2016)

We propose an arsenic-capping/decapping method, allowing the growth of an epitaxial shell around the GaAs nanowire (NW) core which is exposed to an ambient atmosphere, and without the introduction of impurities. Self-catalyzed GaAs NW arrays were firstly grown on Si(111) substrates by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. Aiming for protecting the active surface of the GaAs NW core, the arsenic-capping/decapping method has been applied. To validate the effect of this method, different core/shell NWs have been fabricated. Analyses highlight the benefit of the As capping-decapping method for further epitaxial shell growth: an epitaxial shell with a smooth surface is achieved in the case of As-capped-decapped GaAs NWs, comparable to the in situ grown GaAs/AlGaAs NWs. This As capping method opens a way for the epitaxial growth of heterogeneous material shells such as functional oxides using different reactors.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐, Three‐ and Four‐Component Coupling to Form Isoquinolones Based on Directed Metalation. (2012)

Abstract Benzamides undergo ortho‐metalation with magnesiate bases to allow trapping with propargylic chlorides.
Document Spanners for Extracting Incomplete Information: Expressiveness and Complexity (2017)

Rule-based information extraction has lately received a fair amount of attention from the database community, with several languages appearing in the last few years. Although information extraction systems are intended to deal with semistructured data, all language proposals introduced so far are designed to output relations, thus making them incapable of handling incomplete information. To remedy the situation, we propose to extend information extraction languages with the ability to use mappings, thus allowing us to work with documents which have missing or optional parts. Using this approach, we simplify the semantics of regex formulas and extraction rules, two previously defined methods for extracting information, extend them with the ability to handle incomplete data, and study how they compare in terms of expressive power. We also study computational properties of these languages, focusing on the query enumeration problem, as well as satisfiability and containment.
ISHMAEL: In-Situ Sample Handling Modular Analytical Experimental Laboratory (2000)

In-Situ instruments are an integral part of mission designs for exploration of planetary surfaces. A technology gap exists today between sample acquisition and sample analysis tools. Integrated science payload packages need an integrated sample handling system.
LIGHTNESS: A deeply-programmable SDN-enabled data centre network with OCS/OPS multicast/unicast switch-over (2015)

We demonstrate an all-optical dynamic DCN utilizing a fully SDN-enabled data-plane including programmable FPGA-based NICs, offering Network Function Virtualization OCS/OPS driven multicasting for Virtual DC applications enabling link recovery and VM migration.
Alloy Semiconductor System with Tailorable Band-Tail: A Band-State Model and Its Verification Using Laser Characteristics of InGaN Material System (2001)

In this paper, we present a model for a new class of semiconductor alloy systems that have a tailorable band-tail. The model is constructed from experimentally derived data on the InGaN alloy system and is extended to a general form. The experiment shows that the possible band-edge fluctuation can be grown-in at least between 3 to 170 meV with a single well-defined quasi-Fermi level. For different degrees of compositional fluctuation grown in the InGaN-quantum-well active layers in laser diodes, the differential gain and compositional fluctuation show a strong correlation in full accordance with the theoretical model proposed here for a band-tail modified by In compositional fluctuation. Possible parameters, including differential gain, are discussed for optimization of laser performance.