gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Increased Intraovarian Synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor and Its Low Affinity Receptor Is a Principal Component of Steroid-Induced Polycystic Ovary in the Rat (2000)

A form of polycystic ovary (PCO) resembling some aspects of the human PCO syndrome can be induced in rats by a single injection of estradiol valerate (EV). An increase in sympathetic outflow to the ovary precedes, by several weeks, the appearance of cysts, suggesting the involvement of a neurogenic component in the pathology of this ovarian dysfunction. The present study was carried out to test the hypotheses that this change in sympathetic tone is related to an augmented production of ovarian nerve growth factor (NGF), and that this abnormally elevated production of NGF contributes to the formation of ovarian cysts induced by EV. Injection of the steroid resulted in increased intraovarian synthesis of NGF and its low affinity receptor, p75 NGFR. The increase was maximal 30 days after EV, coinciding with the elevation in sympathetic tone to the ovary and preceding the appearance of follicular cysts. Intraovarian injections of the retrograde tracer fluorogold combined with in situ hybridization to detect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) messenger RNA-containing neurons in the celiac ganglion revealed that these changes in NGF/p75 NGFR synthesis are accompanied by selective activation of noradrenergic neurons projecting to the ovary. The levels of RBT2 messenger RNA, which encodes a β-tubulin presumably involved in slow axonal transport, were markedly elevated, indicating that EV-induced formation of ovarian cysts is preceded by functional activation of celiac ganglion neurons, including those innervating the ovary. Intraovarian administration of a neutralizing antiserum to NGF in conjunction with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to p75 NGFR, via Alzet osmotic minipumps, restored estrous cyclicity and ovulatory capacity in a majority of EV-treated rats. These functional changes were accompanied by restoration of the number of antral follicles per ovary that had been depleted by EV and a significant reduction in the number of both precystic follicles and follicular cysts. The results indicate that the hyperactivation of ovarian sympathetic nerves seen in EV-induced PCO is related to an overproduction of NGF and its low affinity receptor in the gland. They also suggest that activation of this neurotrophic-neurogenic regulatory loop is a component of the pathological process by which EV induces cyst formation and anovulation in rodents. The possibility exists that a similar alteration in neurotrophic input to the ovary contributes to the etiology and/or maintenance of the PCO syndrome in humans.
Bengamides display potent activity against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2019)

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects over 10 million people annually and kills more people each year than any other human pathogen. The current tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is only partially effective in preventing infection, while current TB treatment is problematic in terms of length, complexity and patient compliance. There is an urgent need for new drugs to combat the burden of TB disease and the natural environment has re-emerged as a rich source of bioactive molecules for development of lead compounds. In this study, one species of marine sponge from the Tedania genus was found to yield samples with exceptionally potent activity against M. tuberculosis . Bioassay-guided fractionation identified bengamide B as the active component, which displayed activity in the nanomolar range against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis . The active compound inhibited in vitro activity of M. tuberculosis MetAP1c protein, suggesting the potent inhibitory action may be due to interference with methionine aminopeptidase activity. Tedania -derived bengamide B was non-toxic against human cell lines, synergised with rifampicin for in vitro inhibition of bacterial growth and reduced intracellular replication of M. tuberculosis . Thus, bengamides isolated from Tedania sp . show significant potential as a new class of compounds for the treatment of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis .
Enhancing haptic detection of surface undulation (2005)

This paper introduces a device for enhancing detection of surface undulation through active touch. This device, which we call a “tactile contact lens,” is composed of a sheet and numerous pins arranged on one side of the sheet. Experimental results show that a small bump on a surface can be detected more accurately through this device than by bare finger and than through a flat sheet. A mathematical analysis of this phenomenon suggests two possible explanations for this phenomenon. One lies in the lever-like behavior of the pins. The pins convert the local inclination of the object surface into the tangential displacement of the skin surface. The second is the spatial aliasing effect resulting from the discrete contact. Due to this effect, the temporal change in the skin surface displacement is efficiently transduced into the temporal change in the skin tissue strain. The results of this analysis are then discussed in relation to other sensitivity-enhancing materials, tactile sensing mechanisms, and tactile/haptic display devices.
The Digital Office: Overview (1998)

This paper describes our efforts to develop a &amp;quot;Digital Office&amp;quot; in which we augment a physical office setting with cameras and other electronic devices. Our goal is to bring the worlds of electronic and physical documents closer together and to facilitate the interaction of humans with all kinds of documents. In the &amp;quot;Digital Office&amp;quot; we extend the traditional notion of &amp;quot;scanning&amp;quot;documentsto include the capture of whiteboards, books, desktops, and the human office workers themselves. In particular, we give an overview of three systems in which video cameras unobtrusively observe and capture whiteboards and human gestures, papers on the desktop, and the motion of a user&amp;apos;s face which is used to control the display of electronic documents in a browser. Each of these systems combines the features and affordances of both physical and electronic documents, and together they begin to illuminate the intelligent office environment of the future. Introduction In a typical office we are likely to f...
Bound Compound, Interfacial Water, and Phenyl Ring Rotation Dynamics of a Compound in the DNA Minor Groove (2018)

DB2277, a heterocyclic diamidine, is a successful design for mixed base pair (bp) DNA sequence recognition. The compound has a central aza-benzimidazole group that forms two H-bonds with a GC bp that has flanking AT bps. The nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the DB2277-DNA complex with an AAGATA recognition site sequence was determined, and here we report extended molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the structure. DB2277 has two terminal phenyl-amidine groups, one of which is directly linked to the DB2277 heterocyclic core and the other through a flexible -OCH<sub>2</sub>- group. The flexibly linked phenyl is too far from the minor groove floor to make direct H-bonds but is linked to an AT bp through water-mediated H-bonds. The flexibly linked phenyl-amidine with water-mediated H-bonds to the bases at the floor of the minor groove suggested that it might rotate in time spans accessible in MD. To test this idea, we conducted multimicrosecond MD simulations to determine if these phenyl rotations could be observed for a bound compound. In a 3 μs simulation, highly dynamic torsional motions were observed for the -OCH<sub>2</sub>-linked phenyl but not for the other phenyl. The dynamics periodically reached a level to allow 180° rotation of the phenyl while it was still bound in the minor groove. This is the first observation of rotation of a phenyl bound to DNA, and the results provide mechanistic details about how a rotation can occur as well as how mixed bp recognition can occur for monomer compounds bound to the minor groove.
Printed Image Watermarking with Synchronization Using Direct Binary Search (2019)

In this paper, we reveal the impact of the fixed synchronization pattern on the halftone image under DBS processing; and an improved watermarking method is proposed to avoid this impact, which is extended from a previously developed DBS based watermarking method. The watermark and synchronization pattern is to be embedded into the appropriate region of the host image adaptively; and excellent image quality and decent watermark capacity is provided. The method has good resistance to a printing and scanning attack while only size of the watermark and host image is required additionally in the watermark detection. Experimental results are presented for some special host images, including a sketch and a round logo to prove the flexibility of the method.
Convolutional Neural Network Implementation for Eye-Gaze Estimation on Low-Quality Consumer Imaging Systems (2019)

Accurate and efficient eye gaze estimation is important for emerging consumer electronic systems, such as driver monitoring systems and novel user interfaces. Such systems are required to operate reliably in difficult, unconstrained environments with low power consumption and at minimal cost. In this paper, a new hardware friendly, convolutional neural network (CNN) model with minimal computational requirements is introduced and assessed for efficient appearance-based gaze estimation. The model is tested and compared against existing appearance-based CNN approaches, achieving better eye gaze accuracy with significantly fewer computational requirements.
Control of Quantum Systems: Comparison of Different Techniques by the Example of Charge and Spin Semiconductor Qubits (2022)

The semiconducting technologies appear to be an ideal platform to construct quantum systems, inheriting the classical silicon techniques and controllable circuits, and exploiting the quantum nature of confined particles. Meanwhile, quantum optimal control algorithms have been proven to be an efficient tool to assist quantum system manipulation, quantum computing and quantum applications. In this paper, we review some of the main quantum optimal control algorithms in closed quantum systems, and we explore their implementation to charge and spin-based semiconductor qubits. In addition, we propose a bang-bang control algorithm and we examine its performance in selected case studies.
A DEMONSTRATION OF CODING DEGENERACY FOR LEUCINE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEIN (1965)

sRNA acts as an adaptor in the transfer of amino acids into protein [1-5]. Since an organism may contain more than one variety of sRNA for a given amino acid, different coding specificities of the various adaptors would provide a mechanism for degeneracy in the code. In E. coli sRNA, several leucine-acceptors have been shown to respond differently to various synthetic polynucleotides [5,6]. The experiments reported here were undertaken to determine whether the separate leucyl sRNA's actually contribute leucine to different sites in natural polypeptide chains. Evidence that they do is presented in this paper.
Design and Synthesis of a Homogeneous Erythropoietin Analogue with Two Human Complex‐Type Sialyloligosaccharides: Combined Use of Chemical and Bacterial Protein Expression Methods (2009)

EPO-Doping: Bei Konzentrationen eines Erythropoietin(EPO)-Analogons über 50 pg mL−1 wurde Zellproliferation beobachtet. Das EPO-Analogon, das zwei humane Sialyloligosaccharide enthält (siehe Bild), wurde mithilfe einer Kombination aus chemischer Synthese und Proteinexpression in E. coli erhalten. Die beiden Sialyloligosaccharide stören nicht bei der Bindung des EPO-Analogons an einen Rezeptor. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The evaluation of the reduction of symptoms of TMJ disorders by occlusal splint adjusted at vertical dimension of rest registered by two methods: A comparative study (2013)

Bruxism can cause signs and symptoms of temperomandibular disorders (TMD). Moreover, it will affect structures of the masticatory system. The most commonly established treatment approach for both bruxism and TMD is conservative and reversible management which include often occlusal devices (splints). Following ethical approval, 16 Male dental patients, with signs and symptoms of TMD due to bruxism were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, eight patients in each according to the fabrication of the stabilization splint at occlusal opening of rest position of the mandible. Primary impressions were made, poured to form study casts upon which special trays were fabricated. Then, final impressions and master casts were made on which a full arch mandibular plane occlusal splint (stabilization type) in heat cured acrylic was made over the occlusal and incisal surface of the teeth. In group one, splint thickness (ST) made according to the height of rest vertical dimension (VDR) registered by using divine proportion method. While in group two, ST made according to the height of rest vertical dimension registered by conventional method. For all the patients, the index for clinical dysfunction of masticatory system validated by Helkimo was obtained to determine the degree of TMD. In patients with signs and symptoms of TMD syndrome and bruxism, a plane occlusal splint (stabilization splint) with occlusal opening up to the VDR produces relief of symptoms. The divine proportion method gives consistent measurement and
Quantum Optimization and Approximation Algorithms (2018)

Shor's groundbreaking quantum algorithm for integer factoring provides an exponential speedup over the best-known classical algorithms. In the 20 years since Shor's algorithm was conceived, only a handful of fundamental quantum algorithmic kernels, generally providing modest polyno- mial speedups over classical algorithms, have been invented. To better understand the potential advantage quantum resources provide over their classical counterparts, one may consider other re- sources than execution time of algorithms. Quantum Approximation Algorithms direct the power of quantum computing towards optimization problems where quantum resources provide higher- quality solutions instead of faster execution times. We provide a new rigorous analysis of the recent Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm, demonstrating that it provably outperforms the best known classical approximation algorithm for special hard cases of the fundamental Maximum Cut graph-partitioning problem. We also develop new types of classical approximation algorithms for finding near-optimal low-energy states of physical systems arising in condensed matter by ex- tending seminal discrete optimization techniques. Our interdisciplinary work seeks to unearth new connections between discrete optimization and quantum information science.
Sperm-Surface ATP in Boar Spermatozoa is Required for Fertilization: Relevance to Sperm Proteasomal Function (2009)

Extracellular ATP has been implicated in a number of cellular events, including mammalian sperm function. The complement of ATP-dependent sperm proteins includes six subunits of the 26S proteasome, a multi-subunit protease specific to ubiquitinated substrate-proteins. Proteolysis of ubiquitinated proteins by the 26S proteasome is necessary for the success of mammalian fertilization, including but not limited to acrosomal exocytosis (AE) and sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) penetration. The 26S proteasome is uniquely present on the sperm acrosomal surface during mammalian, ascidian, and invertebrate fertilization. The proteasome is a multi-subunit protease complex of approximately 2 MDa composed of the 19S regulatory complex and a 20S proteolytic core. Integrity of the 19S complex is maintained by six 19S ATPase subunits (PSMC1 through PSMC6). Consequently, we hypothesized that fertilization will be blocked by the depletion of sperm-surface associated ATP (ssATP). Depletion of ssATP by the Solanum tuberosum apyrase, a 49 kDa, non-cell permeant enzyme, significantly reduced the ATP content measured by an adapted luminescence-ATP assay from which all permeabilizing agents were excluded. Addition of active apyrase to porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF) medium caused a concentration dependent reduction in the overall fertilization rate. No such outcomes were observed in control groups using heat-inactivated apyrase. Apyrase treatment altered the band pattern of 19S ATPase subunits PSMC1 (Rpt2) and PSMC4 (Rpt3) in Western blotting, suggesting that it had an effect on the integrity of the sperm proteasomal 19S complex. Apyrase only altered the proteasomal core activities slightly, since these activities are not directly dependent on external ATP. In contrast, sperm treatment with MG132, a specific inhibitor of the proteasomal core chymotrypsin-like activity, inhibited the target proteolytic activity, but also induced a compensatory elevation in proteasomal peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolase activity. Altogether, the present data provide an important missing piece of evidence in support of the ssATP-dependent, proteasomal-proteolytic model of sperm-ZP interactions.
A systematic profile of DNA methylation in human cancer cell lines. (2003)

Human cancer cell lines are commonly used in basic cancer research to understand the behavior of primary tumors. Aberrations in the DNA methylation patterns are nowadays recognized as a hallmark of the cancer cell. However, no comprehensive study defines the DNA methylation environment present in the established cancer cell lines used in everyday laboratory-based research. To address this matter, we have analyzed 70 widely used human cancer cell lines of 12 different tumor types for CpG island promoter hypermethylation of 15 tumor suppressor genes, global 5-methylcytosine genomic content, chemical response to the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and their genetic haplotype for methyl-group metabolism genes. Several conclusions arise from our study: (a) a specific profile of CpG island hypermethylation exists for each tumor type, allowing its classification within hierarchical clusters according to the originating tissue; (b) cancer cell lines generally have higher levels of CpG island hypermethylation than primary tumors, because of the contribution of particular CpG islands and tumor types; and (c) there are no major differences between cell lines in their 5-methylcytosine DNA content, efficacy of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, and distribution of allelotypes of methyl-group metabolism genes. Our data provide a basis for a better use of human cancer cell lines in basic and translational research with respect to their DNA methylation environment.
Cellular Uptake and Magneto-Hyperthermia Induced Cytotoxicity using Photoluminescent Fe3O4 Nanoparticle/Si Quantum Dot Hybrids (2020)

The design and fabrication of Si-based multi-functional nanomaterials for biological and biomedical applications is an active area of research. The potential benefits of using Si-based nanomaterials are not only due to their size/surface-dependent optical responses but also the high biocompatibility and low-toxicity of silicon itself. Combining these characteristics with the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) multiplies the options available for real-world applications. In the current study, biocompatible magnetofluorescent nano-hybrids have been prepared by covalent linking of Si quantum dots to water-dispersible Fe3O4 NPs via dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling. We explore some of the properties of these magnetofluorescent nano-hybrids as well as evaluate uptake, the potential for cellular toxicity, and the induction of acute cellular oxidative stress in a mast cells-like cell line (RBL-2H3) by heat induction through short-term radio frequency modulation (10 min @ 156 kHz, 500 A). We found that the NPs were internalized readily by the cells and also penetrated the nuclear membrane. Radio frequency activated nano-hybrids also had significantly increased cell death where > 50% of the RBL-2H3 cells were found to be in an apoptotic or necrotic state, and that this was attributable to increased triggering of oxidative cell stress mechanisms.
Influence of ion gradients on the transbilayer distribution of dibucaine in large unilamellar vesicles (1988)

The uptake of dibucaine into large unilamellar vesicles in response to proton gradients (delta pH; inside acidic) or membrane potentials (delta psi; inside negative) has been investigated. Dibucaine uptake in response to delta pH proceeds rapidly in a manner consistent with permeation of the neutral (deprotonated) form of the drug, reaching a Henderson-Hasselbach equilibrium where [dibucaine]in/[dibucaine]out = [H+]in/[H+]out and where the absolute amount of drug accumulated is sensitive to the buffering capacity of the interior environment. Under appropriate conditions, high absolute interior concentrations of the drug can be achieved (approximately 120 mM) in combination with high trapping efficiencies (in excess of 90%). Dibucaine uptake in response to delta psi proceeds more than an order of magnitude more slowly and cannot be directly attributed to uptake in response to the delta pH induced by delta psi. This induced delta pH is too small (less than or equal to 1.5 pH units) to account for the transmembrane dibucaine concentration gradients achieved and does not come to electrochemical equilibrium with delta psi. Results supporting the possibility that the charged (protonated) form of dibucaine can be accumulated in response to delta psi were obtained by employing a permanently positively charged dibucaine analogue (N-methyldibucaine). Further, the results suggest that delta psi-dependent uptake may depend on formation of a precipitate of the drug in the vesicle interior. The uptake of dibucaine into vesicles in response to ion gradients is of direct utility in drug delivery and controlled release applications and is related to processes of drug sequestration by cells and organelles in vivo.
Aptamer-functionalized neural recording electrodes for the direct measurement of cocaine in vivo (2017)

Cocaine is a highly addictive psychostimulant that acts through competitive inhibition of the dopamine transporter. In order to fully understand the region specific neuropathology of cocaine abuse and addiction, it is unequivocally necessary to develop cocaine sensing technology capable of directly measuring real-time cocaine transient events local to different brain regions throughout the pharmacokinetic time course of exposure. We have developed an electrochemical aptamer-based <i>in vivo</i> cocaine sensor on a silicon based neural recording probe platform capable of directly measuring cocaine from discrete brain locations using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The sensitivity of the sensor for cocaine follows a modified exponential Langmuir model relationship and complete aptamer-target binding occurs in < 2 sec and unbinding in < 4 sec. The resulting temporal resolution is a 75X increase from traditional microdialysis sampling methods. When implanted in the rat dorsal striatum, the cocaine sensor exhibits stable SWV signal drift (modeled using a logarithmic exponential equation) and is capable of measuring real-time in vivo response to repeated local cocaine infusion as well as systemic IV cocaine injection. The <i>in vivo</i> sensor is capable of obtaining reproducible measurements over a period approaching 3 hours, after which signal amplitude significantly decreases likely due to tissue encapsulation. Finally, aptamer functionalized neural recording probes successfully detect spontaneous and evoked neural activity in the brain. This dual functionality makes the cocaine sensor a powerful tool capable of monitoring both biochemical and electrophysiological signals with high spatial and temporal resolution.