gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the solubility of anti‐LINGO‐1 monoclonal antibody Li33 by isotype switching and targeted mutagenesis (2010)

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are a favorite drug platform of the biopharmaceutical industry. Currently, over 20 Mabs have been approved and several hundred others are in clinical trials. The anti-LINGO-1 Mab Li33 was selected from a large panel of antibodies by Fab phage display technology based on its extraordinary biological activity in promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in vitro and in animal models of remyelination. However, the Li33 Fab had poor solubility when converted into a full antibody in an immunoglobulin G1 framework. A detailed analysis of the biochemical and structural features of the antibody revealed several possible reasons for its propensity to aggregate. Here, we successfully applied three molecular approaches (isotype switching, targeted mutagenesis of complementarity determining region residues, and glycosylation site insertion mutagenesis) to address the solubility problem. Through these efforts we were able to improve the solubility of the Li33 Mab from 0.3 mg/mL to >50 mg/mL and reduce aggregation to an acceptable level. These strategies can be readily applied to other proteins with solubility issues.
Grating-Induced Vortices in Photonic Crystal Fiber: a pathway to ultra-high temperature sensing (2012)

We demonstrate vortex generation in a PCF, enabled by a micro-bend grating produced by structural deformations alone. The grating-resonance is stable at temperatures exceeding 1000 C, yielding a platform for realizing ultra-high-temperature sensors.
Class IA PI3K is involved in the pre-B cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling (86.6) (2007)

Abstract We have previously generated p85α−/− mice deficient for the most abundantly and ubiquitously expressed regulatory subunit of class IA PI3Ks. In p85α−/− mice, B cell development from pro-B cells to pre-B cells in the bone marrow is impaired and the number of mature B cells in the periphery is decreased. Here we further investigated the role of PI3K in early B cell development. First, we crossed p85α−/− mice with a transgenic mouse line expressing rearranged IgH and IgL chains Ig(H+L) specific for hen egg lysozyme (Hel-Tg). Introduction of functional Ig(H+L) chains did not restore the number of peripheral B cells in mice on a p85α−/− background. We next crossed p85α−/− mice with Rag-2−/− mice to generate p85α−/−Rag-2−/− double deficient mice. We compared the transition from B200+c-kit+CD25− pro-B cell stage to the B200+c-kit−CD25+ pre-B cell stage upon anti-Igβ antibody injection between Rag-2−/− mice and p85α−/−Rag-2−/− double deficient mice. While B200+c-kit−CD25+ cells were readily observed in Rag-2−/− mice after administration of anti-Igβ antibody, such transition was impaired in p85α−/−Rag-2−/− double deficient mice, indicating that the class IA PI3K is involved in the pre-BCR signaling. Our results indicate that class IA PI3K is important in pre-B cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling to induce pre-B cell expansion rather than the Ig gene rearrangement.
Simultaneous multiple surface design of compact air-gap collimators for light-emitting diodes (2004)

The simultaneous multiple surface (SMS) method is used to design air-gap RXI-type lenses, which efficiently produce a very narrow beam from high-powered LEDs. These designs are compact, with both front surface and reflecting back surface calculated simultaneously from periphery inward, as profiles of circular symmetry, via applying the edge-ray principle to the chip geometry. The light source is a Lambertian-glowing cube 1.2 mm square and 0.15 mm high, as viewed through its clear (n = 1.54) package dome, with emission down to 95 deg from the symmetry axis. A given exit-aperture diameter defines a minimum, étendue-limited collimation angle, = arc sin (chip-width/diameter). At the center of the back surface there is a cavity surrounding the source. The front surface reflects that source flux to the back surface, which reflects it back forward again, accomplishing the optical folding thereby. The back surface is shaped so that the light it reflects forward will be refracted out the front surface to become the collimated output beam.
A robust architecture for WDM radio-over-fiber access networks (2004)

A novel WDM radio-over-fiber network by dynamic wavelength allocation and upstream injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser scheme is proposed and experimentally verified. This architecture can provide the robust, flexible and cost-effective characteristics for large, radio terminals.
INHIBITION OF OVARIAN AND TESTICULAR STEROIODOGENESIS BY EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR (1981)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), but not fibroblast growth factor, inhibits the gonadotropin stimulation of estrogen and testosterone production by primary cultures of ovarian granulosa and testicular Leydig cells, respectively. EGF also inhibits gonadal steroidogenesis induced by cholera toxin and (Bu)2cAMP, and the inhibitory effect of EGF is not associated with cell proliferation. EGF may play an important endocrine role in the regulation of steroidogenic functions of gonadal cells.
Binary Colloidal Monolayers: Wafer‐Scale Fabrication of Ordered Binary Colloidal Monolayers with Adjustable Stoichiometries (Adv. Funct. Mater. 16/2011) (2011)

Colloidal monolayers with high order and increased complexity beyond plain hexagonal packing geometries are useful for 2D templating of surface nanostructures and lithographic applications. On page 3064, Clemens K. Weiss and co-workers present binary colloidal monolayers that are prepared using a Langmuir trough. The stoichiometric composition of the large and small particles at the interface can be precisely adjusted to gain control over the occupation of the interstitial sites with small colloids.
Combined transmit and receive diversity schemes for WCDMA in multipath fading channels (2002)

The performance of various receiver antenna diversity combining schemes is analysed in combination with transmit diversity on the downlink of a WCDMA system. The analytical framework developed can handle an arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas, as well as the study on the effect of dissimilar received signal strengths at the mobile handset on the average symbol error rate performance of a multitude of digital modulation schemes.
Abstract 19912: Direct Current Block of the Paravertebral Chain Stabilizes Ventricular Electrical Function Post-Myocardial Infarction (2016)

Background: Surgical sympathetic decentralization has evolved to effectively treat refractory ventricular arrhythmias but has irreversible off target side effects. Bioelectric therapies applied to ...
Decreased dependence of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells on CD28-mediated costimulation in multiple sclerosis patients. A marker of activated/memory T cells. (1998)

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy individuals have similar frequencies of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells, the activation state of these cells has not been well characterized. Therefore, we investigated the dependence of MBP-reactive T cells on CD28-mediated costimulation in MS patients, healthy controls, and stroke patients. MBP-reactive T cells from healthy controls and stroke patients failed to proliferate efficiently when costimulation was blocked using anti-CD28, consistent with a naive T cell response. In contrast, MBP-specific T cell proliferation was not inhibited, or was only partially inhibited when CD28-mediated costimulation was blocked in MS patients. Blockade of CD28 failed to inhibit tetanus toxoid-specific T cell proliferation in both the controls and MS patients, demonstrating that memory cells are not dependent on CD28-mediated costimulation. Limiting dilution analysis indicated that the frequency of MBP-reactive T cells was significantly decreased in healthy controls compared with MS patients when CD28-mediated costimulation was blocked. These data suggest that MBP-reactive T cells are more likely to have been activated in vivo and/or differentiated into memory T cells in MS patients compared with controls, indicating that these cells may be participating in the pathogenesis of MS.
Low-dose IGF-I has no selective advantage over insulin in regulating glucose metabolism in hyperglycemic depancreatized dogs (2001)

At supraphysiological levels, IGF-I bypasses some forms of insulin resistance and has been proposed as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes. Unfortunately, side effects of high-dose IGF-I (100-250 microg/kg) have precluded its clinical use. Low-dose IGF-I (40-80 microg/kg), however, shows minimal side effects but has not been systematically evaluated. In our previous study under conditions of declining glucose, low-dose IGF-I infusion was more effective in stimulating glucose utilization, but less effective in suppressing glucose production and lipolysis than low-dose insulin. However, under conditions of hyperglycemia, we could not observe any differential effects between high-dose infusions of IGF-I and insulin. To determine whether the differential effects of IGF-I and insulin are dose-related or related to the prevailing glucose level, 3 h glucose clamps were performed in the same animal model as in the previous studies, i.e. the moderately hyperglycemic (175 mg/dl) insulin-infused depancreatized dog, with additional infusions of low-dose IGF-I (67.8 microg/kg, i.e. 29.1 microg/kg bolus plus 0.215 microg/kg( )per min infusion; n=5) or insulin 49.5 mU/kg (9 mU/kg bolus plus 0.45 mU/kg per min; n=7). As in the previous study under conditions of declining glucose, low-dose IGF-I had significant metabolic effects in vivo, in our model of complete absence of endogenous insulin secretion. Glucose production was similarly suppressed with both IGF-I and insulin, by 54+/-3 and 56+/-2% s.e. (P=NS) respectively. Glucose utilization was stimulated to the same extent (IGF-I 5.2+/-0.2, insulin 5.5+/-0.3 mg/kg per min, P=NS). Glucagon, free fatty acid, glycerol, alanine and beta-hydroxybutyrate, were suppressed, while lactate and pyruvate levels were raised, similarly with IGF-I and insulin. We conclude that: (i) differential effects of IGF-I and insulin may be masked under hyperglycemic conditions, independent of the hormone dose; (ii) low-dose IGF-I has no selective advantage over additional insulin in suppressing glucose production and lipolysis, nor in stimulating glucose utilization during hyperglycemia and subbasal insulin infusion when insulin secretion is absent, as in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of a Chiral Lithium Azaenolate: Monomeric, Intramolecular Chelated Lithio‐2‐acetylnaphthalene‐SAMP‐hydrazone. (1989)

Abstract The first X‐ray crystallographic study of a chiral monomeric azaenolate (IV) (P21, Z=2), gives a more detailed insight into the structure of the 1‐azaallyl anion of a SAMP‐hydrazone.
Detecting and mitigating data-dependent DRAM failures by exploiting current memory content (2017)

DRAM cells in close proximity can fail depending on the data content in neighboring cells. These failures are called data-dependent failures. Detecting and mitigating these failures online, while the system is running in the field, enables various optimizations that improve reliability, latency, and energy efficiency of the system. For example, a system can improve performance and energy efficiency by using a lower refresh rate for most cells and mitigate the failing cells using higher refresh rates or error correcting codes. All these system optimizations depend on accurately detecting every possible data-dependent failure that could occur with any content in DRAM. Unfortunately, detecting all data-dependent failures requires the knowledge of DRAM internals specific to each DRAM chip. As internal DRAM architecture is not exposed to the system, detecting data-dependent failures at the system-level is a major challenge.
Perspectives on UVC LED: Its Progress and Application (2021)

High-quality epitaxial layers are directly related to internal quantum efficiency. The methods used to design such epitaxial layers are reviewed in this article. The ultraviolet C (UVC) light-emitting diode (LED) epitaxial layer structure exhibits electron leakage; therefore, many research groups have proposed the design of blocking layers and carrier transportation to generate high electron–hole recombination rates. This also aids in increasing the internal quantum efficiency. The cap layer, p-GaN, exhibits high absorption in deep UV radiation; thus, a small thickness is usually chosen. Flip chip design is more popular for such devices in the UV band, and the main factors for consideration are light extraction and heat transportation. However, the choice of encapsulation materials is important, because unsuitable encapsulation materials will be degraded by ultraviolet light irradiation. A suitable package design can account for light extraction and heat transportation. Finally, an atomic layer deposition Al2O3 film has been proposed as a mesa passivation layer. It can provide a low reverse current leakage. Moreover, it can help increase the quantum efficiency, enhance the moisture resistance, and improve reliability. UVC LED applications can be used in sterilization, water purification, air purification, and medical and military fields.
Electric vehicles and expectations for wide bandgap power devices (2016)

Electric vehicles (EVs) will be one of the core next-generation automotive technologies. This paper presents an overview of EV development. For the on-board power electronics of EVs, it is necessary to reduce their size, lower their cost and increase their efficiency. Wide bandgap (WBG) power devices are expected to be used to attain these aims. Packaging technologies need to be considered for using WBG power devices. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) must be detected for high switching dV/dt and dI/dt applications.
Neuropeptide Regulation of Immediate and Delayed Hypersensitivity (1988)

Peptide mediators of sensory nerves that are released in tissues by noxious stimuli or inflammatory reactions rapidly elicit local and systemic responses similar to those of immediate hypersensitivity. These sensory neuropeptides affect functions of smooth muscles, blood vessels, leukocytes, and epithelial glands both directly and indirectly, through the actions of mediators released from mast cells stimulated by the peptides. Stereospecific receptors transduce the effects of neuropeptides of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) on diverse functions of human, murine and guinea pig mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mast cells, and basophils in vitro and in vivo. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of neuropeptides on leukocytes are attained in vitro at concentrations which are similar to those in the circulation and in tissues. The dissociation constant (KD) for the binding of a neuropeptide to its leukocyte receptor is within the range of concentrations that evoke cellular responses critical to immunity and hypersensitivity. Neuropeptides exhibit both cellular and stimulus specificities, as exemplified by the greater potency of substance P in activating mucosal than connective tissue mast cells and the capacity of somatostatin to inhibit the release of mediators from basophils challenged by IgE-dependent mechanisms, but not by basic peptides or ionophores. The selective release of distinct neuropeptides from different subsets of sensory nerve endings, the specificity of neuropeptide recognition by mast cells, basophils, lymphocytes, and other target cells, and the diversity of relevant activities of the neuropeptides suggest that the nervous system may initiate and modulate immediate and delayed hypersensitivity by unique mechanisms.
Acid-catalysed C-3 Epimerization of Reserpine and Other Indolo-[2,3-a]quinolizidines (1998)

The acid-catalysed C-3 epimerization of the indole alkaloid reserpine (1) and other closely related indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidines is reviewed.The three mechanisms that have been proposed and relevant experimental findings are discussed.Representative examples of C-3 epimerization reactions are included.
Multistep joint bilateral depth upsampling (2008)

Depth maps are used in many applications, e.g. 3D television, stereo matching, segmentation, etc. Often, depth maps are available at a lower resolution compared to the corresponding image data. For these applications, depth maps must be upsampled to the image resolution. Recently, joint bilateral filters are proposed to upsample depth maps in a single step. In this solution, a high-resolution output depth is computed as a weighted average of surrounding low-resolution depth values, where the weight calculation depends on spatial distance function and intensity range function on the related image data. Compared to that, we present two novel ideas. Firstly, we apply anti-alias prefiltering on the high-resolution image to derive an image at the same low resolution as the input depth map. The upsample filter uses samples from both the high-resolution and the low-resolution images in the range term of the bilateral filter. Secondly, we propose to perform the upsampling in multiple stages, refining the resolution by a factor of 2×2 at each stage. We show experimental results on the consequences of the aliasing issue, and we apply our method to two use cases: a high quality ground-truth depth map and a real-time generated depth map of lower quality. For the first use case a relatively small filter footprint is applied; the second use case benefits from a substantially larger footprint. These experiments show that the dual image resolution range function alleviates the aliasing artifacts and therefore improves the temporal stability of the output depth map. On both use cases, we achieved comparable or better image quality with respect to upsampling with the joint bilateral filter in a single step. On the former use case, we feature a reduction of a factor of 5 in computational cost, whereas on the latter use case, the cost saving is a factor of 50.
Improving Device Directedness Classification of Utterances With Semantic Lexical Features (2020)

User interactions with personal assistants like Alexa, Google Home and Siri are typically initiated by a wake term or wake-word. Several personal assistants feature "follow-up" modes that allow users to make additional interactions without the need of a wakeword. For the system to only respond when appropriate, and to ignore speech not intended for it, utterances must be classified as device-directed or non-device-directed. State of the art systems have largely used acoustic features for this task, while others have used only lexical features or have added LM-based lexical features. We propose a directedness classifier that combines semantic lexical features with a lightweight acoustic feature and show it is effective in classifying directedness. The mixed-domain lexical and acoustic feature model is able to achieve 14% relative reduction of EER over a state of the art acoustic-only baseline model. Finally, we successfully apply transfer learning and semi-supervised learning to the model to improve accuracy even further.
Rapid Detection and Identification of Dengue Viruses by Reverse Transcriptase/Polymerase Chain Reaction (2003)

Introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique as a rapid and sensitive method for amplification of DNA has resulted in development of new specific nucleic acid-based techniques for clinical diagnosis of infections (1). Improvements in nucleic acid amplification by PCR, and development of sensitive nonisotopic technologies for detection of amplified viral genes have facilitated the introduction of molecular methods into the diagnostic laboratory. The availability of simple and well-characterized protocols, cominercial reagents of high quality, improved equipment for performing PCR reactions, and nonisotopic methods for detection of amplicons has stimulated development of PCR-based tests for detection of both DNA and RNA viral nucleic acids in clinical samples (1).
ADAMTS13 autoantibodies cloned from patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: 2. Pathogenicity in an animal model (2016)

BACKGROUND Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially fatal disease in which ultralarge von Willebrand factor (UL‐VWF) multimers accumulate as a result of autoantibody inhibition of the VWF protease, ADAMTS13. Current treatment is not specifically directed at the responsible autoantibodies and in some cases is ineffective or of transient benefit. More rational, reliable, and durable therapies are needed, and a human autoantibody‐mediated animal model would be useful for their development. Previously, TTP patient anti‐ADAMTS13 single‐chain variable‐region fragments (scFv's) were cloned that inhibited ADAMTS13 proteolytic activity in vitro and expressed features in common with inhibitory immunoglobulin G in patient plasma. Here, pathogenicity of these scFv's is explored in vivo by transfecting mice with inhibitory antibody cDNA. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Hydrodynamic tail vein injection of naked DNA encoding human anti‐ADAMTS13 scFv was used to create sustained ADAMTS13 inhibition in mice. Accumulation of UL‐VWF multimers was measured and formation of platelet (PLT) thrombi after focal or systemic vascular injury was examined. RESULTS Transfected mice expressed physiological plasma levels of human scFv and developed sustained ADAMTS13 inhibition and accumulation of unprocessed UL‐VWF multimers. Induced focal endothelial injury generated PLT thrombi extending well beyond the site of initial injury, and systemic endothelial injury induced thrombocytopenia, schistocyte formation, PLT thrombi, and death. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time the ability of human recombinant monovalent anti‐ADAMTS13 antibody fragments to recapitulate key pathologic features of untreated acquired TTP in vivo, validating their clinical significance and providing an animal model for testing novel targeted therapeutic approaches.
Metal-Dependent DNA Recognition and Cell Internalization of Designed, Basic Peptides (2017)

A fragment of the DNA basic region (br) of the GCN4 bZIP transcription factor has been modified to include two His residues at designed i and i+4 positions of its N-terminus. The resulting monomeric peptide (brHis<sub>2</sub>) does not bind to its consensus target DNA site (5'-GTCAT-3'). However, addition of Pd(en)Cl<sub>2</sub> (en, ethylenediamine) promotes a high-affinity interaction with exquisite selectivity for this sequence. The peptide-DNA complex is disassembled by addition of a slight excess of a palladium chelator, and the interaction can be reversibly switched multiple times by playing with controlled amounts of either the metal complex or the chelator. Importantly, while the peptide brHis<sub>2</sub> fails to translocate across cell membranes on its own, addition of the palladium reagent induces an efficient cell internalization of this peptide. In short, we report (1) a designed, short peptide that displays highly selective, major groove DNA binding, (2) a reversible, metal-dependent DNA interaction, and (3) a metal-promoted cell internalization of this basic peptide.