gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A stochastic dynamic programming approach to selective catalytic reduction control (2017)

Urea based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) control strategies regulate urea dosing in diesel powertrains with the goal of achieving NOx emissions targets while being robust to transient disturbances such as exhaust temperature. A model based approach is typically pursued, where an estimated quantity of NH3 stored on the SCR catalyst is controlled to a temperature dependent setpoint. The choice of setpoint, however, is typically defined heuristically which leads to suboptimal NOx and NH3 emission trade-offs. Alternatively, this paper approaches SCR control from a stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) perspective. The dosing control law is formulated by solving an infinite-horizon stochastic optimization problem using a probabilistic model of the future SCR disturbances. Simulations over standard drive cycles show the SDP based SCR control laws outperform a standard model based PI control approach, in terms of total NOx emissions for a given level of NH3 slip, by between 5% and 15%. The SDP controllers are shown to move closer to the global optimal result found via deterministic dynamic programming. Additionally, the SDP approach provides a framework to evaluate potential controller performance improvements made available by adding parameters to the control law. In this way, the incremental benefit of having an additional state in the state-feedback control law can be weighed against the increased memory cost of the extra dimension.
PREOPERATIVE HIP AND KNEE ARTHRITIS SEVERITY UNDER DIFFERENT HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS (2003)

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to compare the disease severity at the time of surgical intervention between patients undergoing primary joint replacement under the National Health Service and Private Health-care Systems. Materials: 166 patients were included in the study – 101 NHS and 65 Private. Inclusion criteria were: 1) hip or knee osteoarthritis, 2) primary joint replacement, and 3) informed consent of the patient. Patients with arthropathy of inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic aetiology were excluded. Physician evaluation included medical history, calculation of Charleson Comorbidity Scores, and Knee Society rating. Patients were given self-assessment health questionnaires including WOMAC, SF-36, and Nottingham Health Profile. Results: Mean age was 69.4 years and did not vary significantly between NHS and Private groups. Charleson Comorbidity Scores were significantly worse in the NHS group than in the private. Health assessment questionnaire scores were all adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity. In NHS patients undergoing TKR, we demonstrate significantly worse pre-operative comorbidity than in private group for indices of function and pain. Patients undergoing THR showed little difference in pre-operative comorbidity. Conclusion: NHS patients undergoing primary TKR have significantly more advanced disease than their counterparts who are privately insured. Access to TKR surgery is determined by the healthcare delivery system rather then a threshold level of disease severity. Further follow-up of the outcomes of TKR in these two groups needs to be carried out to determine the long-term effects of accessing surgical care at a more advanced stage of disease.
Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Activity by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (1997)

Adipocyte differentiation is regulated both positively and negatively by external growth factors such as insulin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). A key component of the adipocyte differentiation process is PPARgamma, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma. To determine the relationship between PPARgamma activation and growth factor stimulation in adipogenesis, we investigated the effects of PDGF and EGF on PPARgamma1 activity. PDGF treatment decreased ligand-activated PPARgamma1 transcriptional activity in a transient reporter assay. In vivo [32P]orthophosphate labeling experiments demonstrated that PPARgamma1 is a phosphoprotein that undergoes EGF-stimulated MEK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent phosphorylation. Purified PPARgamma1 protein was phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant activated MAP kinase. Examination of the PPARgamma1 sequence revealed a single MAP kinase consensus recognition site at Ser82. Mutation of Ser82 to Ala inhibited both in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation and growth factor-mediated transcriptional repression. Therefore, phosphorylation of PPARgamma1 by MAP kinase contributes to the reduction of PPARgamma1 transcriptional activity by growth factor treatment.
Denoising based Vector Approximate Message Passing (2016)

The denoising-based approximate message passing (D-AMP) methodology, recently proposed by Metzler, Maleki, and Baraniuk, allows one to plug in sophisticated denoisers like BM3D into the AMP algorithm to achieve state-of-the-art compressive image recovery. But AMP diverges with small deviations from the i.i.d.-Gaussian assumption on the measurement matrix. Recently, the vector AMP (VAMP) algorithm has been proposed to fix this problem. In this work, we show that the benefits of VAMP extend to D-VAMP.
Emerging, Photonic Based Technologies for NASA Space Communications Applications (2002)

An objective of NASA's Computing, Information, and Communications Technology program is to support the development of technologies that could potentially lower the cost of the Earth science and space exploration missions, and result in greater scientific returns. NASA-supported photonic activities which will impact space communications will be described. The objective of the RF microphotonic research is to develop a Ka-band receiver that will enable the microwaves detected by an antenna to modulate a 1.55- micron optical carrier. A key element is the high-Q, microphotonic modulator that employs a lithium niobate microdisk. The technical approach could lead to new receivers that utilize ultra-fast, photonic signal processing techniques, and are low cost, compact, low weight and power efficient. The progress in the liquid crystal (LC) beam steering research will also be reported. The predicted benefits of an LC-based device on board a spacecraft include non-mechanical, submicroradian laser-beam pointing, milliradian scanning ranges, and wave-front correction. The potential applications of these emerging technologies to the various NASA missions will be presented.
The gut microbiota regulates hypothalamic inflammation and leptin sensitivity in Western diet-fed mice via a GLP-1R-dependent mechanism (2021)

Mice lacking a microbiota are protected from diet-induced obesity. Previous studies have shown that feeding a Western diet causes hypothalamic inflammation, which in turn can lead to leptin resistance and weight gain. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) mice with depleted gut microbiota, i.e., germ-free (GF) and antibiotic-treated mice, have elevated levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are protected against diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, and have enhanced leptin sensitivity when fed a Western diet. Using GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)-deficient mice and pharmacological inhibition of the GLP-1R in WT mice, we demonstrate that intact GLP-1R signaling is required for preventing hypothalamic inflammation and enhancing leptin sensitivity. Furthermore, we show that astrocytes express the GLP-1R, and deletion of the receptor in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells diminished the antibiotic-induced protection against diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Collectively, our results suggest that depletion of the gut microbiota attenuates diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and enhances leptin sensitivity via GLP-1R-dependent mechanisms.
High‐resolution AES study of Ar + ‐irradiated graphite (2003)

Abstract High‐resolution AES (HR‐AES) has been used to study the electronic state of Ar + ‐irradiated graphite in which the increase in the partial charge density caused by the lattice damage has been indicated. At doses of &lt;5 × 10 11 Ar + cm −2 , which was reported as a maximum value to avoid the overlapping cascades, neither plasmon energies nor the work function in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was changed. Increase in the work function was observed in Ar + ‐irradiated graphite with doses in the range of ∼1 × 10 13 to 1 × 10 15 ions cm −2 , and Ar + at a dosage of 3 × 10 14 ions cm 2 increased the work function of HOPG by ∼0.2 eV. This implies an increase in the average electron density at the surface or an increase in the local electron density at a torn graphite edge. The π plasmon energy was decreased by an irradiation of &gt;1 × 10 14 Ar + cm −2 and the π + σ plasmon energy was decreased slightly at &gt;1 × 10 15 Ar + cm −2 . The difference in the two energy variations in the range of 1 × 10 14 to 1 × 10 15 Ar + cm −2 shows that the possibility of changes in the resonance energy and/or the lattice parameters is present if the π/σ electron ratio does not change. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic Versus Linear Siloxane Liquid Crystals: Phase Behavior and X-ray Diffraction Results (1993)

Abstract The phase behavior of cyclic and linear polysiloxanes containing biphenyl-4-allyloxybenzoate and cholesteryl-4-allyloxybenzoate mesogens is reported. The presence of the cholesterol-based mesogen was observed to induce layered packing structures for both linear and cyclic siloxane backbones. Differences in the mesophase behavior are discussed with respect to composition and type of siloxane. Small differences in the thermal transitions of cyclic and linear compounds containing the same composition of mesogens were observed. X-ray diffraction results are used to confirm the effect of composition on previously proposed packing models. Differences in the reflection spacings and intensity are discussed with regard to composition, temperature, and type of siloxane. Orientational differences between backbone type observed in aligned fibers are also discussed. Key Words: liquid crystalcholestericcyclic siloxaneX-ray diffraction
Distinguishing between amyloid‐beta‐directed antibodies: Ability of PMN310 to target toxic oligomers despite competing species (2022)

Abstract Background A large body of evidence indicates that the most pathogenic species of Abeta in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) consist of soluble toxic oligomers as opposed to insoluble fibrils and monomers. The ability of a therapeutic antibody to target toxic Abeta oligomers without being diverted by binding to competing non‐toxic species is expected to result in greater efficacy. This is supported by clinical results to date showing poor efficacy of non‐selective antibodies but improved success with partially selective antibodies that bind oligomers and plaque. As a next generation antibody, PMN310 is a therapeutic candidate designed to more selectively target toxic oligomers. Avoiding interaction with plaque and vascular deposits has the additional advantage of potentially decreasing the incidence of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). In this study, PMN310 was compared to other Abeta antibodies for selectivity and ability to maintain interaction with toxic oligomers in the presence of competing monomers. Methods The binding of multiple Abeta‐directed antibodies (PMN310 and biosimilars donanemab, aducanumab, lecanemab, crenezumab, solanezumab) to synthetic oligomers, with and without pre‐exposure to competing monomers, was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Binding of the antibodies to a toxic oligomer‐enriched low molecular fraction of brain extract from AD patients was similarly evaluated by SPR, with and without monomer competition. Binding to insoluble Abeta deposits was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of AD brain sections. Results PMN310 showed little or no interaction with monomers and was among the least impacted by excess monomer competition in binding to synthetic oligomers or naturally occurring toxic oligomers in AD brain extract. This characteristic was shared by other Abeta antibodies that have shown positive clinical outcomes. Non‐selective antibodies that failed in the clinic were strongly inhibited by monomer competition. In contrast to other Abeta antibodies, PMN310 additionally avoided interaction with plaque and vascular deposits as determined by IHC. Conclusions PMN310 distinguishes itself from other Abeta antibodies by its enhanced selectivity for toxic oligomers (negligible binding to monomers and plaque) along with its ability to withstand competition by abundant monomers. Additionally, the avoidance of interaction with plaque and vascular deposits by PMN310 could potentially reduce the risk of ARIA.
Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 Subgenomic RNA with Antigen Detection in Nasal Midturbinate Swab Specimens (2021)

Among symptomatic outpatients, subgenomic RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nasal midturbinate swab specimens was concordant with antigen detection but remained detectable in 13 (82.1%) of 16 nasopharyngeal swab specimens from antigen-negative persons. Subgenomic RNA in midturbinate swab specimens might be useful for routine diagnostics to identify active virus replication.
P‐143: A Novel Pixel Structure Design‐MIS (Main In Sub) Pixel (2020)

For high‐quality display, a novel pixel structure design‐MIS (main in sub) pixel is proposed. Normal 8‐domain pixel of vertical alignment display is divided into two parts: main‐pixel and sub‐pixel, and these two parts are separated from upper and lower. However, in MIS pixel, main‐pixel is surrounded by sub‐pixel. Through experiments and simulation, we find that the panel with MIS pixel has wider viewing angle, higher liquid crystal efficiency than that with normal pixel.
Behavior of disordered Co-Pd, Co-Ag, and Co-Mo alloys in multilayer interfaces (1993)

Local environment effects are important for understanding interfacial magnetism in artificially structured multilayers. For this reason, stable and/or metastable disordered alloys CoXM1−X (M=Pd, Ag, Mo) were fabricated in a dc cosputtering system. The magnetization as a function of composition and temperature were measured and analyzed in terms of a mean-field model. The local environment effect on the Co moment from its Ag (or Mo) neighbors and the Pd moment from its Co neighbors are studied. It is found that the polarized Pd moment increases linearly with an increasing number of nearest Co neighbors and the Co moment is destroyed by only two Mo neighbors.
Modeling the air-ground multipath channel (2017)

The paper proposes a geometrical-statistical modeling approach for the air-ground channel for communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) systems in the L-band frequency range. We sketch the architecture of the model with its six elements and show how their parameters can be derived from measurement data. Preliminary results obtained from a relatively small set of measurement data reveal that the proposed modeling approach is well suited to capture the time variant behavior of the channel. However, a considerably more extensive evaluation of the measurement data will be necessary to finalize the parameter settings of the proposed channel model.
Role of the concentration and nature of grafted groups in the adsorption of hydrocarbon vapors on silica modified by monofunctional polyfluoroalkylsilanes (2012)

The role of the grafting density of monofunctional polyfluoroalkylsilanes of the C n F2n − 1(CH2) m Si(CH3)2Cl general formula (where n = 3, 4, and 6; and m = 2 and 3) and their composition in intermolecular interactions of the molecules of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons with a surface of chemically modified silica is studied by means of IR spectroscopy and adsorption-static and gas chromatography. It is shown that the higher the concentration and the shorter the length of the grafted chain, the greater (by a factor of 2 to 25) the drop in the adsorption values of hydrocarbons as a result of modifications, due to an increase in the degree of oleophobization of surface upon the formation of polyorganofluorine coatings. The high specificity of the surface with respect to benzene, which is due to the active participation of the polar fragment of a grafted chain in adsorption process, is related to the features of a relatively low-density sample with a concentration of grafted perfluorobutyl groups of 1.7 nm−2. It is shown that the thermodestruction of polyfluoroalkyl silica remains virtually unobserved upon heating to 523 K in an argon flow.
The Jak2 Small Molecule Inhibitor, G6, Reduces the Tumorigenic Potential of T98G Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo (2014)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor. Jak2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in proliferative signaling through its association with various cell surface receptors. Hyperactive Jak2 signaling has been implicated in numerous hematological disorders as well as in various solid tumors including GBM. Our lab has developed a Jak2 small molecule inhibitor known as G6. It exhibits potent efficacy in vitro and in several in vivo models of Jak2-mediated hematological disease. Here, we hypothesized that G6 would inhibit the pathogenic growth of GBM cells expressing hyperactive Jak2. To test this, we screened several GBM cell lines and found that T98G cells express readily detectable levels of active Jak2. We found that G6 treatment of these cells reduced the phosphorylation of Jak2 and STAT3, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, G6 treatment reduced the migratory potential, invasive potential, clonogenic growth potential, and overall viability of these cells. The effect of G6 was due to its direct suppression of Jak2 function and not via off-target kinases, as these effects were recapitulated in T98G cells that received Jak2 specific shRNA. G6 also significantly increased the levels of caspase-dependent apoptosis in T98G cells, when compared to cells that were treated with vehicle control. Lastly, when T98G cells were injected into nude mice, G6 treatment significantly reduced tumor volume and this was concomitant with significantly decreased levels of phospho-Jak2 and phospho-STAT3 within the tumors themselves. Furthermore, tumors harvested from mice that received G6 had significantly less vimentin protein levels when compared to tumors from mice that received vehicle control solution. Overall, these combined in vitro and in vivo results indicate that G6 may be a viable therapeutic option against GBM exhibiting hyperactivation of Jak2.
Ab initio molecular orbital calculation and semiempirical analysis of the vibrational frequencies and force constants of nitrosyl fluoride (ONF) and nitrogen hypofluorite (FON) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAb initio molecular orbital calculation and semiempirical analysis of the vibrational frequencies and force constants of nitrosyl fluoride (ONF) and nitrogen hypofluorite (FON)L. A. Curtiss and V. A. MaroniCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 1, 56–61Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100273a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100273a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Prospects for intravascular gene therapy (1997)

The goal of this review is to provide an overview of gene delivery systems and candidate genes currently being evaluated for genetic strategies in vascular gene therapy. We will discuss treatment strategies that have been shown by in vivo model systems to be efficacious in promoting neovascularization of ischemic tissue or limiting post-interventional restenosis by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation and/or encouraging re-endothelialization. J. Clin. Apheresis 12:140–145, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A photonic interconnect layer on CMOS (2007)

We propose and demonstrate a photonic interconnect layer consisting of heterogeneous microdisk lasers and microdetectors integrated with a nanophotonic silicon waveguide circuit. The photonic layer is fabricated using waferscale processes and a die-to-wafer molecular bonding process. (2 pages)
The variation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in milk using an improved method to quantitate SOD activity (1995)

Abstract An improved method for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in milk has been developed. The interference of endogenously occurring xanthine oxidase (XO) has been subs'antially reduced by addition of an ultrafiltration step, which removed 61 ± 10 (mean ± SD) % of the XO activity. This method was used to determine the SOD activity in milk serum from 15 Swedish Red and White (SRW) cows and 18 Swedish Friesian (SF) cows at various stages of lactation. The XO activity in raw milk was also determined. The milk from these cows had a mean SOD activity of 0.83 ± 1.14 U ml −1 milk serum and a mean XO activity of 49 ± 22 mU ml −1 raw milk (n = 127). A difference between breeds could be noted in XO activity, ie milk from SF cows had significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) higher mean XO levels compared with milk from SRW cows, 54 ± 23 mU ml −1 than 44 ± 21 mU ml −1 . A significantly increased level of XO activity in milk from SRW cows during the lactation was found. No significant effect of breed or stage of lactation on SOD activity could be detected. Individual cows with high and low milk SOD levels during the entire lactation have been identified.