gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The PPVT‐R: Validity as a quick screen of intelligence in a postacute rehabilitation setting for brain‐injured adults (1998)

The utility of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) as a surrogate for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test-Revised (WAIS-R) was investigated in 61 brain-injured adult participants in a postacute rehabilitation setting. Idiographic comparison revealed substantial disagreement in clinical classification between the two instruments, and it is concluded that the PPVT-R is not a good surrogate for the WAIS-R for this purpose. In contrast, the PPVT-R was judged an adequate surrogate for the WAIS-R for the purpose of group comparison, as is common in biomedical research. Finally, contrary to prior report, the PPVT-R was demonstrated to measure more than simply Vocabulary. As such, in the absence of independent validation research, perhaps the most parsimonious conclusion regarding what the PPVT-R is measuring is that like each of the various subtests of the WAIS-R, the PPVT-R shares some of the variance of the construct termed intelligence, as well as demonstrates some unique variance that is likely comprised of error and, perhaps, a unique or different facet of intelligence. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 54: 877–884, 1998.
Combined Radial-Axial Magnetic Bearing for a 1 kW, 500,000 rpm Permanent Magnet Machine (2007)

Ultra-high-speed and high-power-density drives are attracting much interest in today's industry. For instance, there are several investigations into mesoscale gas turbine generator systems and turbocompressors for fuel cells. In all ultra-high-speed machinery the bearing is a key technology. Therefore, this paper focuses on the design of a 500,000 rpm active magnetic bearing suitable for use in a 1 kW PM machine to complete an ultra-high-speed electrical drive system. The design procedure selects the suitable magnetic bearing type to keep the system compact and small. The electromagnetic characteristics are determined, the results for the rotor dynamic analysis are presented and the air friction losses caused by the high frequency operation are evaluated. The final design is a combined radial-axial magnetic bearing with a volume of 50 cm3.
ChemInform Abstract: Beneficial Effect of Carboxylic Acid Additives on the Pd‐Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylation of 2‐Amino‐3‐(2‐chlorophenylsulfonyl)pyrroles. (2014)

Abstract The effect of carboxylic acids as additives for the Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of 2‐aminopyrroles (I) to thiazine derivatives (II) is investigated and phenylacetic acid shows the optimal efficiency with respect to reaction times and yields.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from PCTAIRE1 Phosphorylates p27 and Regulates Mitosis in Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods. Primers for quantitative RT-PCR. In vitro kinase assays. Time-lapse microscopy. Patient specimens. Gene expression. Statistical Analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of HKE2: an ancient antigen encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (2007)

Genes at the centromeric end of the human leukocyte antigen region influence adaptive autoimmune diseases and cancer. In this study, we characterized protein expression of HKE2, a gene located in the centromeric portion of the class II region of the major histocompatibility complex encoding subunit 6 of prefoldin. Immunohistochemical analysis using an anti-HKE2 antibody indicated that HKE2 protein expression is dramatically upregulated as a consequence of activation. In a tissue microarray and in several tumors, HKE2 was overexpressed in certain cancers compared with normal counterparts. The localization of the HKE2 gene to the class II region, its cytoplasmic expression and putative protein-binding domain suggest that HKE2 may function in adaptive immunity and cancer.
Synthesis, Characterization, and DFT Analysis of Bis-Terpyridyl-Based Molecular Cobalt Complexes (2017)

Terpyridine ligands are widely used in chemistry and material sciences owing to their ability to form stable molecular complexes with a large variety of metal ions. In that context, variations of the substituents on the terpyridine ligand allow modulation of the material properties. Applying the Stille cross-coupling reaction, we prepared with good yields a new series of terpyridine ligands possessing quinoline-type moieties in ortho, meta, and para positions and dimethylamino substituents at central or distal positions. The corresponding cobalt(II) complexes were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, and UV-vis, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy as well as by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the electronic structure of all the Co(II) bis-terpyridyl molecular complexes. In this work, we show that terpyridine ligand functionalization allows tuning the redox potentials of the Co(III)/Co(II), Co(II)/Co(I), and Co(I)/Co(I) (tpy)<sup>•-</sup> couples over a 1 V range.
Antagonistic effect of NK cells on alternatively activated monocytes: a contribution of NK cells to CTL generation (2002)

Natural killer (NK) cells fulfill essential accessory functions for the priming of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). On the basis of a NKG2D-ligand-positive tumor model, we obtained results implicating NK-mediated regulatory as well as NK-mediated cytolytic activities in the initiation and persistence of CTL activity. Indeed, CD8(+) T-cell-dependent tumor rejection requires NK cell function in vivo, because tumors will progress both on depletion of NK cells or in the absence of optimal NK activity. Here we provide evidence that the absence of NK cells during subcutaneous tumor growth will abrogate generation of antitumor CTL responses and that this process can be linked to the expansion of alternatively activated monocytes. Indeed, our in vitro studies demonstrate that in splenic cultures from NK-deficient tumor-bearing mice, lack of type 1-associated cytokines correlates with the presence of type 2 (alternatively activated) monocytes and the production of type 2 cytokines. Furthermore, these type 2 monocyte-containing splenic adherent populations potently suppress subsequent memory CTL restimulation. We evaluated the role of NK lytic effector functions in the efficient switch of the immune system toward classical (type 1) activation by including differentially activated monocytic populations as targets in cytotoxicity assays. The results indicate that the accessory function of NK cells depends partially on the ability of activated NK cells to preferentially engage type 2 antigen-presenting cells. Thus, when the immune system tends to be type 2 oriented, NK cells can drive an efficient type 2 --> type 1 switch in the population of antigen-presenting cells to provide signaling for the generation of CTLs.
Automated hierarchical partitioning of anatomical trees (2007)

A robust, fast and generally applicable algorithm is presented for the splitting of anatomical trees such as vessel and airway trees into meaningful subtrees, which relies on a straightforward mathematical objective function and produces subjectively very satisfactory results. The algorithm is applicable to unstructured 2D or 3D voxel sets or undirected graphs of centerlines with unknown anatomical root point as produced by unsupervised segmentation algorithms. The automated tree splitting improves clinical tree segmentation tasks by replacing tedious manual three-dimensional navigation and editing.
A vignetting advantage for thin-film filter arrays in hyperspectral\n cameras (2020)

Vignetting in camera lenses is generally seen as something to avoid. For\nspectral cameras with thin-film interference filters, however, we argue that\nvignetting can be an advantage. When illuminated by focused light, the\nbandwidth of interference filters increases with the chief-ray angle, causing\nposition-dependent smoothing of the spectra. We show that vignetting can be\nused to reduce smoothing and preserve important spectral features. Furthermore,\nwe demonstrate that by adding additional vignetting to a lens, measurements can\nbe made more consistent across the scene. This makes vignetting a useful\nparameter during spectral camera design.\n
A Review of International Standards and the Scientific Literature on Farm Milk Bulk-Tank Sampling Protocols (2004)

Adequate agitation is required to ensure homogeneity before sampling from on-farm bulk tanks, but excessive agitation may cause churning with a resulting loss of milk quality. Homogeneity can be assured by thorough mixing before a sample is taken and can also be combined with intermittent agitation of the bulk tank. There is general but qualified agreement among various countries and agencies, such as the IDF, that 5 min of agitation for small, and 10 min for large, quiescent farm-milk bulk tanks is required to ensure sample homogeneity. However, no empirical studies are cited to support these standards. The few studies that examined bulk-tank mixing estimate required agitation times of 8 to 10 min or longer, depending on the size of the tank. If intermittent agitation is practiced, mixing for 1 to 2 min before sampling is considered acceptable in some jurisdictions but, once again, empirical supporting evidence is absent. Automatic samplers decrease the amount of time needed to obtain a sample from the bulk tank, but both intermittent agitation and agitation during milk transfer are still recommended to minimize fat residue accumulation in the bulk tank. Systematic studies are needed to establish mixing protocols that assure accurate sampling for all tanks in a given jurisdiction.
Optimal Node Scheduling for Effective Energy Usage in Sensor Networks (2005)

Up until now, low power system approaches have been restricted to single physical systems. The recent emergence of distributed embedded systems has created a need for power optimization across individual system boundaries. In particular, a great deal of excitement has been generated by wireless ad-hoc sensor networks, which integrate communication, computation, and sensing elements into self-organizing, adaptive, and multi-functional systems. We address power management in these types of systems. We focus our attention on the problem of node scheduling for a minimum degree of coverage. We have developed provably optimal polynomial time algorithms. Furthermore, we analyze the scaling properties of the problem as the number of sensors in the network increase. Extensive simulations provide a number of interesting and important insights into power consumption trade-offs in sensor networks.
Sync HotStuff: Simple and Practical Synchronous State Machine Replication (2020)

Synchronous solutions for Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) can tolerate up to minority faults. In this work, we present Sync HotStuff, a surprisingly simple and intuitive synchronous BFT solution that achieves consensus with a latency of 2Δ in the steady state (where Δ is a synchronous message delay upper bound). In addition, Sync HotStuff ensures safety in a weaker synchronous model in which the synchrony assumption does not have to hold for all replicas all the time. Moreover, Sync HotStuff has optimistic responsiveness, i.e., it advances at network speed when less than one-quarter of the replicas are not responding. Borrowing from practical partially synchronous BFT solutions, Sync HotStuff has a two-phase leader-based structure, and has been fully prototyped under the standard synchrony assumption. When tolerating a single fault, Sync HotStuff achieves a throughput of over 280 Kops/sec under typical network performance, which is comparable to the best known partially synchronous solution.
Time Degradation Factors for Turbine Engine Exhaust Emissions. Volume 1. Program Description and Results (1978)

This is the first volume of an eight-volume interim report which documents the test data obtained in a study of turbine emission degradation. This volume contains an introduction to the program, a description of the test schedule, equipment, procedures, and data processing techniques, as well as a discussion of the test data itself. A total of 519 repetitious emission tests were conducted over a period of 22 months on units of the following engine types: JT8D-9, JT8D-7, JT3D-7, JT3D-3B, JT9D-3A, RB211-22B, and CF700-2D. Emissions of CO2, CO, HC, NO, NOx, and smoke were monitored, in addition to various engine operating parameters, over an eight-mode test cycle ranging from cold idle to take-off and back to hot idle. (Author)
How Do Changes in Water Quality and Dialysate Composition Affect Clinical Outcomes? (2009)

Dialysis relies upon the transfer of waste products and electrolytes across a semi-permeable membrane contained in the dialyser facilitated by the dialysis fluid, a fast-flowing electrolyte solution prepared continuously by the mixing of treated water with a concentrated electrolyte solution. Both the water, the buffer and electrolyte composition play important roles in modulating complications associated with treatment. With respect to water, historically the focus was on chemical contaminant content, but more recently has shifted to microbiological quality due to the role that such quality plays in the pro-inflammatory state. The composition of the dialysis fluid is crucial in normalization of electrolyte composition of plasma water, homeostasis and acid-base balance, and should be individualized to the patients' requirements in the same way as blood and dialysate flow rates are individualized to ensure optimal comfort and minimal complications associated with the procedure.
Secure free-space key exchange to 1.9km and beyond (2001)

Abstract We have designed and built a free space quantum cryptography system. It operates using weak laser pulses with polarization modulation by acousto-optic switching. The system also incorporates full key sifting and error correction between computers connected by a serial port. We have used this system to exchange keys over ranges up to 1.9km with absolute security. The system is robust against transmission (and diffraction) losses up to 20 dB. Building from this initial result we analyse the feasibility of exchanging keys to a low earth orbit satellite.
Ultrastructural aspects of mammalian fertilization: new discoveries and inspirations from the work of Daniel Szöllösi (1998)

Our current level of knowledge on mammalian fertilization would not be attained without the contribution of ultrastructural studies. The late Daniel Szöllösi, to whose memory this review is dedicated, was one of the most enthusiastic explorers of this fascinating field. In his landmark electron microscopic studies, he revealed the importance of nuclear envelope breakdown for oocyte maturation and its reconstitution after fertilization, and predicted the era of cloning by publishing articles on the remodeling of a somatic cell, thymocyte nucleus fused with an oocyte. His challenge of Boveri's hypothesis on the paternal inheritance of centrosomes spurred further research on this subject that ultimately led to the definition of biparentally contributed mammalian zygotic centrosomes, for which the only exception is found in rodents. Very early, Szöllösi and his colleagues devoted their interest to the studies of the fate of sperm accessory structures after fertilization, an area that has yet to be explored at the molecular level, but which may have profound implications for the swiftly advancing field of assisted human and animal reproduction. These studies contributed a great deal to our current understanding of mammalian fertilization and still serve as an inspiration for present studies on involved mechanisms.
Expert consensus on the management of adverse events and prescribing practices associated with the treatment of patients taking pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a Delphi consensus study (2020)

Until there is further clinical evidence, the resulting consensus recommendations are intended to provide direction on the practical management of IPF with pirfenidone, by encompassing a broad experience from the real world to complement data gleaned from clinical trials.
Reflow Soldering-Resistant Solid-State 3D Micro-Supercapacitors Based on Ionogel Electrolyte for Powering the Internet of Things (2020)

The fabrication of all solid-state 3D micro-supercapacitor is challenging for powering connected and miniaturized emerging electronics devices in the frame of the future Internet of Things paradigm. Here we highlight the design of a specific solid electrolyte based on ethylmethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate)imide confined within polyvinylidenefluoride which enables to meet the requirements of safety, easy packaging, and leakage free 3D micro-supercapacitors. This ionogel-based microdevice (2 mm × 2 mm footprint area) exhibits good cycling stability over 30 000 cycles with an areal energy density of 4.4 μ Wh.cm −2 and a power density of 3.8 mW.cm −2 . It can also sustain the high temperature reflow soldering process (∼250 °C–5 min) without damage, which is performed to directly bond surface mounted miniaturized devices onto printed circuit boards. This strategy not only provides a reference for the design of high-performance 3D interdigitated micro-supercapacitors, but also paves the way to their further implementation in miniaturized electronic chips for Internet of Things applications.
Discovering Clinical Biomarkers of Ionizing Radiation Exposure with Serum Proteomic Analysis (2006)

In this study, we sought to explore the merit of proteomic profiling strategies in patients with cancer before and during radiotherapy in an effort to discover clinical biomarkers of radiation exposure. Patients with a diagnosis of cancer provided informed consent for enrollment on a study permitting the collection of serum immediately before and during a course of radiation therapy. High-resolution surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization-time of flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to generate high-throughput proteomic profiles of unfractionated serum samples using an immobilized metal ion-affinity chromatography nickel-affinity chip surface. Resultant proteomic profiles were analyzed for unique biomarker signatures using supervised classification techniques. MS-based protein identification was then done on pooled sera in an effort to begin to identify specific protein fragments that are altered with radiation exposure. Sixty-eight patients with a wide range of diagnoses and radiation treatment plans provided serum samples both before and during ionizing radiation exposure. Computer-based analyses of the SELDI protein spectra could distinguish unexposed from radiation-exposed patient samples with 91% to 100% sensitivity and 97% to 100% specificity using various classifier models. The method also showed an ability to distinguish high from low dose-volume levels of exposure with a sensitivity of 83% to 100% and specificity of 91% to 100%. Using direct identity techniques of albumin-bound peptides, known to underpin the SELDI-TOF fingerprints, 23 protein fragments/peptides were uniquely detected in the radiation exposure group, including an interleukin-6 precursor protein. The composition of proteins in serum seems to change with ionizing radiation exposure. Proteomic analysis for the discovery of clinical biomarkers of radiation exposure warrants further study.
Combined displacement estimation and segmentation of stereo image pairs based on Gibbs random fields (2002)

A technique for displacement estimation in stereo image pairs, which is closely coupled with a segmentation of the images into homogeneously displaced regions, is described. An arbitrary initial displacement field is modified by a displacement vector relaxation, evaluating a statistical optimization criterion. Since the displacements are considered vector by vector during the relaxation, the method provides accurate locations of the boundaries between differently displaced regions. The proposed technique derives its power from the fact that the spatial array of displacements-and hence the resulting segmentation-is modeled by a Gibbs-Markov random field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Four-Element Adaptive Array Evaluation for United States Navy Airborne Applications (2000)

This paper provides background on the design methodology of an adaptive GPS antenna system and the testing methodology used to evaluate such a system. The challenge in evaluating multi-element active antenna arrays is that conventional antenna characteristics such as element phase, gain, or sidelobe levels do not easily translate into system level performance measures such as dynamic response time, pattern null width and null depth. The GPS Antenna System (GAS-1N) Foreign Comparative Testing (FCT) program evaluated a four-element, fourchannel adaptive antenna system for U.S. Navy airborne applications by using various measures of performance based on the stage of testing. Testing methodologies included anechoic chamber, F/A-18 full-scale model on an outdoor range, modeling and simulation techniques, and dynamic flight testing on a C-12J and F/A-18C. Additionally, side-by-side comparisons were made during flight testing using Fixed Radiation Pattern Antenna (FRPA), GAS-1N (4-element), and GAS-1 (7-element) antenna systems.
Investigation of ion-electrode interactions of linear polyimides and alkali metal ions for next generation alternative-ion batteries (2022)

Organic electrode materials offer unique opportunities to utilize ion-electrode interactions to develop diverse, versatile, and high-performing secondary batteries, particularly for applications requiring high power densities. However, a lack of well-defined structure-property relationships for redox-active organic materials restricts the advancement of the field. Herein, we investigate a family of diimide-based polymer materials with several charge-compensating ions (Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>) in order to systematically probe how redox-active moiety, ion, and polymer flexibility dictate their thermodynamic and kinetic properties. When favorable ion-electrode interactions are employed (<i>e.g.</i>, soft K<sup>+</sup> anions with soft perylenediimide dianions), the resulting batteries demonstrate increased working potentials and improved cycling stabilities. Further, for all polymers examined herein, we demonstrate that K<sup>+</sup> accesses the highest percentage of redox-active groups due to its small solvation shell/energy. Through crown ether experiments, cyclic voltammetry, and activation energy measurements, we provide insights into the charge compensation mechanisms of three different polymer structures and rationalize these findings in terms of the differing degrees of improvements observed when cycling with K<sup>+</sup>. Critically, we find that the most flexible polymer enables access to the highest fraction of active sites due to the small activation energy barrier during charge/discharge. These results suggest that improved capacities may be accessible by employing more flexible structures. Overall, our in-depth structure-activity investigation demonstrates how variables such as polymer structure and cation can be used to optimize battery performance and enable the realization of novel battery chemistries.
Growth of an oriented graphitic layer on a TiC nanocube (1995)

Cubic-shaped titanium carbide (TiC), 30–60 nm in size, was sprayed onto aluminum oxide powder and hot pressed at 1800 °C. The preferential evaporation of Ti atoms out of the surface resulted in the formation of graphitic layers on the {100} planes of TiC with the following crystallographic relationships: (010)TiC∥(112̄0) graphite; 〈001〉TiC∥〈0001〉graphite. The oriented graphite layers form a continuous nanocube of carbon, closely analogous to carbon nanotubes.