gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E Supplementation Decreases Lung Virus Titers in Mice Infected with Influenza (1997)

Effects of vitamin E (E) supplementation on influenza infection were examined in young and old C57BL/6NIA mice fed 30 or 500 ppm of E for 6 weeks and subsequently infected with influenza A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2). Old mice fed 30 ppm of E had significantly higher lung virus titers on days 2 and 7 after infection than young mice fed 30 ppm of E. Titers on all 3 days were significantly lower in old mice fed 500 ppm of E than in those fed 30 ppm. Significant effects of E on lung virus titers in young mice were observed on only day 5, but E caused more reduction of virus titers in old than in young mice (25-fold vs. 15-fold). An age-associated decline in NK cell activity was restored by 500 ppm of E in old but not young mice. Pulmonary cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity on day 7 was not affected by age or E. These experiments demonstrate that high doses of E significantly enhance influenza viral clearance in aged mice but only modestly affect young mice.
P11.63 PI3K inhibition in conjunction with the ketogenic diet reduces growth and neuroinflammation in pediatric high-grade glioma (2019)

Abstract Background: Pediatric high-grade glioma remains a poorly treatable disease with high mortality.Therapeutic advances have lagged behind that of adult glioblastoma, due to small patient numbers, inappropriate generalization from adult tumor types, and unique biology. The use of targeted therapy has recently gained interest in this disease, but efficacy is limited by therapeutic resistance, often as a result of tumor heterogeneity. In the case of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition, clinically relevant PI3K inhibitors represent a strong class of drugs for pediatric high-grade glioma, but their use is associated with insulin feedback that reactivates the PI3K pathway and drives therapeutic resistance. Here, we target insulin feedback that is the primary mechanism of PI3K inhibitor-related therapeutic resistance in pediatric high-grade glioma using the ketogenic diet. Materials and Methods: Patient-derived pediatric high-grade glioma stem cells were treated with vehicle or the pan-PI3K inhibitor, BKM-120, with glucose deprivation or phenformin to decrease glucose utilization. NSG mice containing patient-derived pediatric high-grade glioma xenografts were treated with vehicle or BKM-120 on a regular or ketogenic diet to determine whether reducing insulin feedback increases BKM-120 efficacy. To determine the effect of glioma cells on neuro-inflammation, we measured pro-inflammatory cytokines in glioma cells treated with BKM-120 and phenformin in comparison to vehicle-treated cells. We then applied conditioned medium from glioma cells treated with BKM-120 and phenformin to cortical neuronal cultures to measure oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. Results: Pediatric high-grade glioma cells exhibited increased toxicity when exposed to BKM-120 with glucose deprivation or phenformin. Furthermore, mice with intracranial high-grade glioma xenografts survived longer when treated with BKM-120 on the ketogenic diet than with BKM-120 or the ketogenic diet alone. Phenformin reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by BKM-120-treated glioma cells. Cortical neurons treated with conditioned medium from BKM-120- and phenformin-treated glioma cells exhibited less oxidative stress than those treated with BKM-120 alone. Our results demonstrate that strategies to lower glucose utilization and insulin feedback increase efficacy of BKM-120 and decrease neuro-inflammation. Conclusions: We show that strategies to lower glucose utilization and insulin feedback increase efficacy of BKM-120. Furthermore, reducing insulin feedback decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in tumor cells and reduces oxidative stress in neurons treated with conditioned medium from BKM-120-treated glioma cells. By using the ketogenic diet to reduce glucose levels, this strategy may enhance efficacy of PI3K inhibitors in this patient population.
Protein Kinase Inhibitor H89 Enhances the Activity of Pseudomonas Exotoxin A–Based Immunotoxins (2016)

HA22 (Moxetumomab pasudotox) is a recombinant immunotoxin (RIT), composed of an anti-CD22 Fv fused to a truncated portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. HA22 is in clinical trials to treat patients with hairy cell leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). LMB-11 is an improved variant of HA22 with reduced immunogenicity, has a longer half-life in the blood and high activity in vitro and in a Burkitt lymphoma model in vivo Searching for RIT enhancing combination therapies, we found the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 to enhance LMB-11 and HA22 activity 5- to 10-fold on ALL cell lines and on patient-derived ALL samples. In addition, H89 increased the activity of mesothelin-targeting RITs SS1P (38-fold) and RG7787 (7-fold) against the cervical cancer cell line KB31. Unexpectedly we found that the enhancement by H89 was not because of inhibition of protein kinase A; it was partially recapitulated by inhibition of S6K1, which led to inactivation of its downstream targets rpS6 and GSK3β, resulting in a fall in MCL1 levels. H89 increased the rate of ADP-ribosylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2, enhancing the arrest of protein synthesis and the reduction of MCL1 in synergy with the RIT. In summary, H89 increased RIT activity by enhancing the two key events: ADP-ribosylation of eEF2 and reduction of MCL1 levels. Significant enhancement was seen with both CD22- and mesothelin-targeting RITs, indicating that H89 might be a potent addition to RIT treatment of CD22-positive ALL and mesothelin-expressing solid tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 1053-62. ©2016 AACR.
P02.183. Comparing the bioavailability of two forms of lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis (2012)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Understanding the structural basis of species selective, stereospecific inhibition for Cryptosporidium and human thymidylate synthase (2019)

Thymidylate synthase (TS), found in all organisms, is an essential enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate. The TS active sites of the protozoal parasite Cryptosporidium hominis and human are relatively conserved. Evaluation of antifolate compound 1 and its R-enantiomer 2 against both enzymes reveals divergent inhibitor selectivity and enzyme stereospecificity. To establish how C. hominis and human TS (ChTS and hTS) selectively discriminate 1 and 2, respectively, we determined crystal structures of ChTS complexed with 2 and hTS complexed with 1 or 2. Coupled with the previously determined structure of ChTS complexed with 1, we discuss a possible mechanism for enzyme stereospecificity and inhibitor selectivity.
Step size bound for narrowband feedback active noise control (2013)

This paper presents the derivation of the convergence analysis of the feedback active noise control under perfect and imperfect secondary path transfer functions. Existing analysis approaches do not include the analysis of the reference signal synthesis errors due to the complexity of interrelated feedback nature. A detailed derivation of the maximum step size bound for the feedback active noise control system has been formulated for perfect and imperfect secondary-path estimation. This theoretical work has been verified by computer simulations.
Role of Molecular Weight Distribution on Charge Transport in Semiconducting Polymers (2014)

Model semiconducting polymer blends of well-controlled molecular weight distributions are fabricated and demonstrated to be a simple method to control intermolecular disorder without affecting intramolecular order or degree of aggregation. Mobility measurements exhibit that even small amounts of low molecular weight material are detrimental to charge transport. Trends in charge carrier mobility can be reproduced by a simple analytical model which indicates that carriers have no preference for high or low molecular weight chains and that charge transport is limited by interchain hopping. These results quantify the role of long polymer tie-chains and demonstrate the need for controlled polydispersity for achieving high carrier mobilities.
Evidence of Independent Origin of Multiple Tumors From Patients With Prostate Cancer (1998)

Our data suggest that multiple tumors in some patients with prostate cancer have independent origin.
Photoelectrochemical properties of n-type NiTiO3 (1982)

The photoelectrochemical behavior of a sintered Nb doped n-NiTiO3 electrode in relation to the photoassisted oxidation of water has been studied. Three bands mediate the different photoprocesses observed: A conduction band (Ti4+:3d) several tenths of one electron volt above the H+/H2 redox level; the O2−:2 p6 band about 3 eV below the conduction band; and the Ni2+:3d8 ‘‘band’’ above the oxygen band that seems just to overlap the O2/H2O level. Electronic transitions induced by UV illumination are mainly O2−→Ti4+ transitions; holes photogenerated in the oxygen band move through this band, by the effect of the internal electric field, to the electrode surface where they react with water molecules with an efficiency similar to that observed in n-TiO2 or SrTiO3. Visible light produces Ni2+→Ti4+ electronic transitions. Hole mobilities in the Ni2+:3d8 ‘‘band’’ appear to be adequate for the photogenerated holes to reach the s.c. surface, where they become trapped at Ni3+ surface centers at an energy level too high to oxidize water efficiently. However, the geometry of the NiTiO3 ilmenite structure makes the oscillator strength for the Ni2+→Ti4+ charge transfer too weak to have an acceptable photoresponse to visible light. Therefore NiTiO3 is not a good candidate for water photoelectrolysis in a photoelectrochemical cell. This conclusion is probably valid for other mixed-metal oxides with ilmenite structure.
Regioselective Synthesis of β‐Aryl‐ and β‐Amino‐Substituted Aliphatic Esters by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Double‐Bond Migration/Conjugate Addition (2011)

Rhodium-phosphite catalysts were found to effectively mediate double-bond migrations within unsaturated esters. Once the double-bond is in conjugation with the carboxylate group, they also catalyze the Michael addition of carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles. In the presence of these catalysts, unsaturated carboxylates enter a dynamic equilibrium of positional and geometrical double-bond isomers. The conjugated species are continuously removed through 1,4-additions with formation of β-amino esters or β-arylated products, depending on the nucleophile employed. The applicability of both protocols to a range of substrates, such as fatty esters of different chain lengths and double-bond positions, and several nucleophiles including arylborates and primary and secondary amines, is demonstrated.
Timing analysis including clock skew (1999)

Clock skew is an increasing concern for high-speed circuit designers. Circuit designers use transparent latches and skew-tolerant domino circuits to hide clock skew from the critical path and take advantage of shared portions of the clock network to budget less skew between nearby elements than across the entire die, but current timing analysis algorithms do not handle correlated clock skews. This paper extends the Sakallah-Mudge-Olukotun (SMO) latch-based timing analysis to include different amounts of clock skew between different elements. The key change is that departure times from each latch must be defined with respect to launching clocks so that the skew between the launching and receiving clocks can be determined at each receiver. The exact analysis leads to an explosion in the number of timing constraints, but most constraints are not tight in practical situations and a modified version of the Szymanski-Shenoy relaxation algorithm gives exact results with only a small increase in runtime. The timing analysis formulation also captures the effects of skew on edge-triggered flip-flops, domino circuits, and min-delay constraints. Our exact algorithm, applied to a supercomputer node controller with over 12000 clocked elements, finds the system can run 50-90 ps faster than a single skew analysis would predict and requires searching fewer than 4% more latch departures than conventional algorithms. With the less conservative skew budgets enabled by better timing analysis, we expect clocked systems will remain viable to multi-GHz frequencies.
AlGaInN laser diode technology for GHz high-speed visible light communication through plastic optical fiber and water (2016)

AlGaInN ridge waveguide laser diodes are fabricated to achieve single-mode operation with optical powers up to 100 mW at ∼420 nm for visible free-space, underwater, and plastic optical fiber communication. We report high-frequency operation of AlGaInN laser diodes with data transmission up to 2.5 GHz for free-space and underwater communication and up to 1.38 GHz through 10 m of plastic optical fiber.
A new mechanical characterization method for microactuators applied to shape memory films (1999)

We present a new technique for the mechanical characterization of microactuators and apply it to shape memory alloy (SMA) thin films. A test instrument was designed which utilizes a spring-loaded transducer to measure displacements with resolution of 1.5 mm and forces with resolution of 0.2 mN. Employing an out- of-plane loading method for SMA thin films, strain resolution of 30 me and stress resolution of 2.5 MPa were achieved. Four mm long, 2 {micro}m thick NiTiCu ligaments suspended across open windows were bulk micromachined for use in the out-of-plane stress and strain measurements. Static analysis showed that 63% of the applied strain was recovered while ligaments were subjected to tensile stresses of 870 MPa. This corresponds to 280 mm of actual displacement against a load of 52 mN. Fatigue analysis of the ligaments showed 33% degradation in recoverable strain (from 0.3% to 0.2%) with 2 {+-} 10{sup 4} cycles for an initial strain of 2.8%.
Short-interval exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exacerbates the susceptibility of pulmonary damage in setting of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rodent: Pharmacomodulation of melatonin (2019)

This study tested the hypothesis that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) pollution increased susceptibility of rat lung to damage from acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury that was reversed by melatonin (Mel) treatment. Male-adult SD rats (n = 30) were categorized into group 1 (normal control), group 2 (PM<sub>2.5</sub> only), group 3 (IR only at day 8 after PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure), group 4 (PM<sub>2.5</sub> + IR) and group 5 (PM<sub>2.5</sub> + IR + Mel), and all animals were sacrificed by day 10 after PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure. Oxygen saturation (%) was significantly higher in group 1 than in other groups and significantly lower in group 4 than in groups 2, 3 and 5 but it did not differ among the latter three groups (p < 0.01). Pulmonary protein expressions of inflammation (MMP-9/TNF-α/NF-kB), oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein), apoptosis (mitochondrial-Bax/caspase-3/PARP) and fibrosis were lowest in group 1, highest in group 4, significantly higher in group 5 than in groups 2 and 3 (all p < 0.0001), but they did not differ between groups 2 and 3. Inflammatory cell infiltration in lung parenchyma, specific inflammatory cell surface markers (CD14+, F4/88+), allergic inflammatory cells (IgE+, eosinophil+), number of goblet cells, thickness of tracheal epithelial layer and fibrotic area exhibited an identical pattern of protein expressions to inflammation among the five groups (all p < 0.0001). In conclusion, lung parenchymal damage and a rigorous inflammatory response were identified in rodent even with short-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure.
Negative differential gain in 1.3um quantum dot lasers: comparison of self-heating and free carrier effects (2012)

A comparative study of the gain spectra of quantum-dot lasers at high carrier densities is reported. The gain spectra of quantum dot lasers under a constant junction temperature (obtained by the use of Fabry-Perot modes as a temperature gauge) and under constant heat-sink temperatures are measured. Negative differential gain, observed for the ensemble of quantum dot ground-states is shown to be mainly due to free carrier effects, where increasing dephasing effects, combined with saturated gain, result in spectral broadening and a reduction in the peak gain.
A Generalized Knowledge Hunting Framework for the Winograd Schema Challenge (2018)

Ali Emami, Adam Trischler, Kaheer Suleman, Jackie Chi Kit Cheung. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research Workshop. 2018.
[D-Ala6, Des-Gly-NH210]-LH-RH-Ethylamide: A New Analogue with Unusually High LH-RH/FSH-RH Activity (1974)

The LH-RH/FSH-RH activity of [DAla6, Des-Gly-NH210]-LH-RH-ethylamide and [DAla6]- LH-RH was compared with that of LH-RH in immature male rats by determining serum LH and FSH levels at various time intervals after a subcutaneous injection of 50 ng of each compound. When LrJ and FSH levels 30 min after injection were used as a measure of activity of the compound, LH-RH and FSH-RH activity of both [D-Ala6, Des- Gly-NH210] LH-RH-ethylamide and [D-Ala6]-LH-RH was approximately 2 times greater than that of LHRH. However, when the integrated levels of LH and FSH over a 6-hr period after the injection were used as the measurement of the response, the LH-RH activities of [D-Ala6,Des-Gly-NH210]-LH-RH-ethylamide and [D-Ala6]-LH-RH were, respectively, 31 and 7 times greater, and FSH-RH activities were 9 and 3 times greater than that of LH-RH. [D-Ala8, Des-Gly-NH2I0]-LH-RH-ethylamide appears to be the LH-RH analogue with the greatest LH-RH/FSH-RH activity yet reported. (Endocrinology95:1174, 1974)
Refractive-Index Changes of Titanium-Doped Near-Stoichiometric LiNbO3Crystals (2003)

Titanium-doped (up to 9 mol%) near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 (SLN) crystals were grown from lithium-rich solutions by the top-seeded solution-growth method. The ordinary and the extraordinary refractive indices (no and ne) of the titanium-doped SLN (Ti:SLN) crystals were measured at room temperature by the prism-coupling technique in the wavelength range from 440 to 1550 nm. The relations between titanium concentrations and the ordinary and the extraordinary refractive-index changes (Δno and Δne) of the Ti:SLN crystals were investigated. Accordingly, it was found that both Δno and Δne linearly increase with increasing titanium concentration up to 9 mol% and that Δne is much larger than Δno over the whole wavelength range. It was also found that both Δno and Δne increase with decreasing wavelength in all the Ti:SLN crystals with different titanium concentrations. Moreover, Δne of Ti:SLN doped with approximately 4 mol% of titanium (approximately 1×10-2) is almost the same as that of titanium-diffused SLN waveguides. In addition, a photoelastic effect on the refractive-index changes in the Ti:SLN crystal was estimated from using lattice-constant data determined by X-ray diffraction.
Exploring Different Receiver Structures for Radio over FSO Systems with Signal Dependent Noise (2017)

This paper investigates the implications of employing multiple transmissions as a diversity mechanism to counter the turbulence induced fading in satellite systems with optical feeder link and RF user links. Such a technique necessitates optimal estimation of the transmitted signal using the different streams on-board the satellite. Unlike traditional combining techniques like Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) which assume signal independent noise, the aforementioned estimation is made interesting by the signal dependent noise characteristic of the optical processing in such systems. This paper investigates various estimators in the presence of signal dependent noise and assesses them based on performance and complexity. Towards this, the paper devises a signal model to illustrate the effect of various signal dependent and independent noise sources and derives estimators based on (a) averaging, (b) Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), and (c) Maximum Likelihood (ML). The bias and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) of these estimators are analyzed and the impact of signal dependent noise characterized. Based on these results and complexity considerations, the paper presents recommendations for the receiver to be used in future generation of satellite systems with optical feeder links.
Human Activity Behavior and Gesture Generation in Virtual Worlds for Long- Duration Space Missions (2007)

A virtual worlds presentation technique with embodied, intelligent agents is being developed as an instructional medium suitable to present in situ training on long term space flight. The system combines a behavioral element based on finite state automata, a behavior based reactive architecture also described as subsumption architecture, and a belief-desire-intention agent structure. These three features are being integrated to describe a Brahms virtual environment model of extravehicular crew activity which could become a basis for procedure training during extended space flight.
Mitigation of Carbon Formation During Autothermal Reforming of Biodiesel for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications (2012)

Biodiesel is considered as a renewable hydrogen source for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This study contributes to a fundamental understanding of biodiesel auto-thermal reforming (ATR), which has not yet been widely explored in the open literature. Ultra-lower sulfur diesel (ULSD) ATR is established as a baseline for this analysis. Solid carbon formation during AT R has been recognized as a primary degradation mode in solid oxide fuel cell-based auxiliary power unit systems in transportation applications, but is difficult to detect and control. To overcome these challenges, this work applies a direct photo-acoustic method to analyze carbon dynamic evolutions and quantify the carbon formation in a single-tube reformer under various operating conditions (temperature, steam/carbon ratio, and oxygen/carbon ratio). The key objective is to locate the optimum operating environment for biodiesel ATR with carbon-free deposition and peak hydrogen yield. Thermodynamic analysis based on the method of total Gibbs free energy minimization is used to evaluate the equilibrium reformate compositions. The experimental investigations complimented with the theoretical analysis of biodiesel ATR helps effectively optimize the onboard reforming conditions.
Comparison of electrical techniques for temperature evaluation in power MOS transistors (2013)

Three electrical techniques (pulsed-gate, AC-conductance and sense-diode) for temperature evaluation in power MOS transistors have been experimentally compared on the same device. The device under test is a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) laterally-diffused MOSFET (LDMOS) design with embedded sense-diodes in the center and at the edge of the device for providing local temperature information. On-wafer measurements have been performed on a thermal chuck in the temperature range 25-200°C to extract self-heating information and predict the junction temperature for different biasing conditions. Good agreement (within 10%) between the different techniques is achieved, evidencing that reliable temperature estimations can be made using each of the proposed electrical techniques. As a result, factors other than experimental accuracy will play a role in the choice of the most adequate technique for the application of interest. Guidelines for this choice are provided in a benchmarking analysis accounting for ease of application, temperature calibration and accuracy of the results.