gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
fMRI study relevant to the Mozart effect: Brain areas involved in spatial–temporal reasoning (2001)

Behavioral studies, motivated by columnar cortical model predictions, have given evidence for music causally enhancing spatial-temporal reasoning. A wide range of behavioral experiments showed that listening to a Mozart Sonata (K.448) gave subsequent enhancements. An EEG coherence study gave evidence for a carryover from that Mozart Sonata listening condition to the subsequent spatial-temporal task in specific cortical regions. Here we present fMRI studies comparing cortical blood flow activation by the Mozart Sonata vs. other music. In addition to expected temporal cortex activation, we report dramatic statistically significant differences in activation by the Mozart Sonata (in comparison to Beethoven's Fur Elise and 1930s piano music) in dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex, occipital cortex and cerebellum, all expected to be important for spatial-temporal reasoning. It would be of great interest to explicitly test this expectation. We propose an fMRI study comparing (subject by subject) brain areas activated in music listening conditions and in spatial-temporal tasks.
Exploiting Generative Design for Multi-Material Inkjet 3D Printed Cell Instructive, Bacterial Biofilm Resistant Composites (2020)

As our understanding of disease grows, it is becoming established that treatment needs to be personalized and targeted to the needs of the individual. In this paper we show that multi-material inkjet-based 3D printing, when backed with generative design algorithms, can bring a step change in the personalization of medical devices. We take cell-instructive materials known for their resistance to bacterial biofilm formation and reformulate for multi-material inkjet-based 3D printing. Specimens with customizable mechanical moduli are obtained without loss of their cell-instructive properties. The manufacturing is coupled to a design algorithm that takes a user-specified deformation and computes the distribution of the materials needed to meet the target under given load constraints. Optimisation led to a voxel map file defining where different materials should be placed. Manufactured products were assessed against the mechanical and cell-instructive specifications and ultimately showed how multifunctional personalization emerges from generative design driven 3D printing.
Technological Developments in the Delivery of Books and Magazines. (1999)

AUTHOR Cylke, Frank Kurt TITLE Technological Developments in the Delivery of Books and Magazines. INSTITUTION Library of Congress, Washington, DC. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. PUB DATE 1999-07-05 NOTE 11p.; Paper presented at the National Federation of the Blind Convention (Atlanta, GA, July 5, 1999). PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Access to Information; *Blindness; Braille; Computer Oriented Programs; *Library Services; National Libraries; National Standards; *Physical Disabilities; Program Development; *Reading Materials; *Talking Books; User Needs (Information); Users (Information) IDENTIFIERS *Digital Technology; Library of Congress; National Information Standards Organization; *National Library Service for the Blind
Du gouvernement des villes à la gouvernance urbaine (1995)

From the governing of cities to urban governance. Patrick Le Galès. The concept of urban governance is introduced and discussed in order to show the extent to which centre-periphery relations and institutional analysis no longer explain city government changes in Britain and France. Two middle range concepts, urban growth coalitions and urban regimes, are analysed and criticised for being too American. Instead of focusing on a problem-solving approach to urban governance, a more sociological approach is suggested.
Recent Advances in the Solid‐Phase Combinatorial Synthetic Strategies for the Benzodiazepine‐Based Privileged Structures (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein influences on guayule and Hevea natural rubber sol and gel (2015)

ABSTRACT Guayule ( Parthenium argentatum ) is under cultivation in the southwestern United States as an alternative source of natural rubber free from proteins that cause Type I latex allergies. However, since guayule lacks the protein‐polymer interactions present in Hevea latex, its physical and chemical properties may differ. The solvent‐soluble (Sol) and insoluble (Gel) fractions from guayule and Hevea natural rubbers were isolated through a solubilization/centrifugation deproteinization process. Protein could be reduced or removed by centrifugation, or concentrated in the gel fraction for both Hevea and guayule rubber. Separation of the sol fraction of Hevea rubber reduced the overall protein level, in some cases to below detection limits, without impacting rubber thermo‐oxidative stability. Notably, no detectable cross reactions took place between guayule protein antibodies and Hevea‐based materials, nor vice‐versa. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42051.
Evaluation of Bio-materials Using a Laser-excited Terahertz Wave (2018)

我々のグループでは，テラヘルツ波を用いて様々な生体関連物質の評価を実現するシステムの開発を行っている．本稿では，我々のグループが独自に開発した「テラヘルツ波ケミカル顕微鏡」について解説し，この顕微鏡による2種類の計測を用いて実施した非標識抗原抗体反応検出と化粧品皮膚浸透評価の例を紹介する．
Information Rate Performance of Massive MU-MIMO Uplink with Constant\n Envelope Pilot-based Frequency Synchronization (2016)

In this paper, we consider a constant envelope (CE) pilot-based\nlow-complexity technique for frequency synchronization in multi-user massive\nMIMO systems. Study of the complexity-performance trade-off shows that this\nCE-pilot-based technique provides better MSE performance when compared to\nexisting low-complexity high-PAPR pilot-based CFO (carrier frequency offset)\nestimator. Numerical study of the information rate performance of the TR-MRC\nreceiver in imperfect CSI scenario with this CE-pilot based CFO estimator shows\nthat it is more energy-and-spectrally efficient than existing low-complexity\nCFO estimator in massive MIMO systems. It is also observed that with this\nCE-pilot based CFO estimation, an $\\mathcal{O}(\\sqrt{M})$ array gain is\nachievable.\n
Ultrafast and hypersensitive phase imaging of propagating internodal current flows in myelinated axons and electromagnetic pulses in dielectrics (2022)

Many ultrafast phenomena in biology and physics are fundamental to our scientific understanding but have not yet been visualized owing to the extreme speed and sensitivity requirements in imaging modalities. Two examples are the propagation of passive current flows through myelinated axons and electromagnetic pulses through dielectrics, which are both key to information processing in living organisms and electronic devices. Here, we demonstrate differentially enhanced compressed ultrafast photography (Diff-CUP) to directly visualize propagations of passive current flows at approximately 100 m/s along internodes, i.e., continuous myelinated axons between nodes of Ranvier, from Xenopus laevis sciatic nerves and of electromagnetic pulses at approximately 5 × 10<sup>7</sup> m/s through lithium niobate. The spatiotemporal dynamics of both propagation processes are consistent with the results from computational models, demonstrating that Diff-CUP can span these two extreme timescales while maintaining high phase sensitivity. With its ultrahigh speed (picosecond resolution), high sensitivity, and noninvasiveness, Diff-CUP provides a powerful tool for investigating ultrafast biological and physical phenomena.
Cu‐H2‐Photochemie in der Matrix; ESR‐, FTIR‐ und UV/VIS‐spektroskopische sowie kinetische Untesuchungen (1982)

Abstract Das vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982 , 785. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198207850
Three-dimensional reconstruction of rat dermal blood vessels in vivo (1997)

We performed imaging and reconstruction of dermal and subdermal blood vessels in a rat skin flap window model. The window model consists of a double thickness of dorsal skin which is sutured to a holding fixture. A 1 cm circle of skin is removed from one thickness, exposing the dermal blood vessels of the opposing side. An optical coherence tomography system operating at 1310 nm was used to image the blood vessels. A series of transverse images of the window model characterized sections of tissue. Off-the-shelf software for desktop and workstation computers was used to preprocess the images, identify and reconstruct blood vessels, and to extract parameters such depth, diameter, and percent volume of blood vessels. Such parameters may be of interest in developing improved treatments for vascular disorders such as port wine stains.
Length‐change patterns of the medial collateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament in relation to their function and surgery (2020)

The structures of the medial ligament complex react differently to knee flexion and applied loads. Structures attaching posterior to the medial epicondyle are taut in extension, whereas the anterior sMCL, attaching anterior to the epicondyle, is tensioned during flexion. The anterior dMCL is elongated by external rotation. These data offer the basis for MCL repair and reconstruction techniques regarding graft positioning and tensioning.
ChemInform Abstract: The first Chiral Racemic Fischer‐Type Aminocarbene Complex Bearing a C2 Symmetry Amine: Stereochemical Characteristics and Application to Michael Addition Reactions. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adolescent pedometer protocols: examining reactivity, tampering and participants’ perceptions (2013)

The aim of this study was to investigate adolescents’ potential reactivity and tampering while wearing pedometers by comparing different monitoring protocols to accelerometer output. The sample included adolescents (N = 123, age range = 14–15 years) from three secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Schools were randomised to one of the three pedometer monitoring protocols: (i) daily sealed (DS) pedometer group, (ii) unsealed (US) pedometer group or (iii) weekly sealed (WS) pedometer group. Participants wore pedometers (Yamax Digi-Walker CW700, Yamax Corporation, Kumamoto City, Japan) and accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+, Pensacola, USA) simultaneously for seven days. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine potential reactivity. Bivariate correlations between step counts and accelerometer output were calculated to explore potential tampering. The correlation between accelerometer output and pedometer steps/day was strongest among participants in the WS group (r = 0.82, P ≤ 0.001), compared to the US (r = 0.63, P ≤ 0.001) and DS (r = 0.16, P = 0.324) groups. The DS (P ≤ 0.001) and US (P = 0.003), but not the WS (P = 0.891), groups showed evidence of reactivity. The results suggest that reactivity and tampering does occur in adolescents and contrary to existing research, pedometer monitoring protocols may influence participant behaviour.
Superconducting thermoelectric generator (1992)

An apparatus and method for producing electricity from heat. The present invention is a thermoelectric generator that uses materials with substantially no electrical resistance, often called superconductors, to efficiently convert heat into electrical energy without resistive losses. Preferably, an array of superconducting elements is encased within a second material with a high thermal conductivity. The second material is preferably a semiconductor. Alternatively, the superconducting material can be doped on a base semiconducting material, or the superconducting material and the semiconducting material can exist as alternating, interleaved layers of waferlike materials. A temperature gradient imposed across the boundary of the two materials establishes an electrical potential related to the magnitude of the temperature gradient. The superconducting material carries the resulting electrical current at zero resistivity, thereby eliminating resistive losses. The elimination of resistive losses significantly increases the conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric device.
High-Speed and Wide Bandwidth Fourier Domain Mode-locked Wavelength Swept Laser with Multiple SOAs (2007)

We report on the high-speed, wide bandwidth Fourier domain mode-locked wavelength swept laser using two SOAs. We obtained the 3 dB gain bandwidth of more than 125 nm and the edge-to-edge gain bandwidth of more than 145 nm at the sweep rate 45.589 kHz. The measured axial resolution of the forward scan is ~ 5.6 mum in tissue.
Enhanced confinement due to ultra-flat bands in photonic crystal waveguides (2005)

We present examples of two-dimensional photonic crystal band structures which defy the conventional wisdom that a photonic crystal provides optimal confinement for frequencies at the middle of the photonic band gap. This is due to the presence of an ultra-flat photonic band that leads to enhanced confinement in an adjacent band gap at frequencies near the band gap edge and far from midgap.
Enhanced CAD model for gate leakage current in heterostructure field effect transistors (1996)

A simple and accurate circuit model for Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors (HFETs) is proposed to simulate both the gate and the drain current characteristics accounting for hot-electron effects on gate current and the effect of the gate current on the channel current. An analytical equation that describes the effective electron temperature is developed in a simple form. This equation is suitable for implementation in circuit simulators. The model describes both the drain and gate currents at high gate bias voltages. It has been implemented in our circuit simulator AIM-Spice, and good agreement between simulated and measured results is achieved for enhancement-mode HFETs fabricated in different laboratories. The proposed equivalent circuit and model equations are applicable to other compound semiconductor FETs, i.e., GaAs MESFETs.
Is salvage focal cryotherapy curative treatment for patients with localized recurrent prostate cancer? (2016)

26 Background: The salvage therapy options for patients with recurrent unilateral prostate cancer after primary radiation, or cryotherapy, are limited. Salvage focal cryotherapy is becoming a more popular treatment option as it has shown success in its disease-free survival rates. Salvage focal cryotherapy enables patients to delay or negate the use of hormone therapy, which has many unfavorable adverse effects. The aim of this study is to report on the curative success of salvage focal cryotherapy in patients with recurrent unilateral prostate cancer. Methods: We identified patients who underwent salvage focal cryotherapy at Winthrop University Hospital between February 2011 and August 2015. Age at the time of treatment, follow-up time, nadir PSA levels, and follow-up treatments were assessed. Results: From 2011 to 2015, 88 patients underwent salvage focal cryoablation. Of these patients, 14 (15.9%) required another therapy treatment after salvage focal cryoablation. Hormone therapy was a necessary treatment for 9 patients. Only 6 patients (6.8%) went on to hormone therapy due to an MRI finding of a local, nodal, or distant relapses. Three (3.4%) patients went on to hormone therapy due to a rise in PSA. Conclusions: Focal salvage therapy is associated with very low risk of clinical and radiographic progression of cancer. In our patients with radiation recurrent cancer, we were able to prevent or delay the use of hormone therapy in the majority of these men. [Table: see text]
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: a new therapeutic approach to osteoarthritis? (2019)

Degenerative disorders of joints, especially osteoarthritis (OA), result in persistent pain and disability and high costs to society. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of OA have not yet been fully explained. OA is characterized by destruction of cartilage and loss of extracellular matrix (ECM). It is generally agreed that there is an association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of OA. There is increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and "a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs" (ADAMTS). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored as a new treatment for OA during the last decade. It has been suggested that paracrine secretion of trophic factors, in which exosomes have a crucial role, contributes to the mechanism of MSC-based treatment of OA. The paracrine secretion of exosomes may play a role in the repair of joint tissue as well as MSC-based treatments for other disorders. Exosomes isolated from various stem cells may contribute to tissue regeneration in the heart, limbs, skin, and other tissues. Recent studies have indicated that exosomes (or similar particles) derived from MSCs may suppress OA development. Herein, for first time, we summarize the recent findings of studies on various exosomes derived from MSCs and their effectiveness in the treatment of OA. Moreover, we highlight the likely mechanisms of actions of exosomes in OA.
Combining miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Wilms Tumor Subtypes (2016)

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common childhood renal cancer. Recent findings of mutations in microRNA (miRNA) processing proteins suggest a pivotal role of miRNAs in WT genesis. We performed miRNA expression profiling of 36 WTs of different subtypes and four normal kidney tissues using microarrays. Additionally, we determined the gene expression profile of 28 of these tumors to identify potentially correlated target genes and affected pathways. We identified 85 miRNAs and 2107 messenger RNAs (mRNA) differentially expressed in blastemal WT, and 266 miRNAs and 1267 mRNAs differentially expressed in regressive subtype. The hierarchical clustering of the samples, using either the miRNA or mRNA profile, showed the clear separation of WT from normal kidney samples, but the miRNA pattern yielded better separation of WT subtypes. A correlation analysis of the deregulated miRNA and mRNAs identified 13,026 miRNA/mRNA pairs with inversely correlated expression, of which 2844 are potential interactions of miRNA and their predicted mRNA targets. We found significant upregulation of miRNAs-183, -301a/b and -335 for the blastemal subtype, and miRNAs-181b, -223 and -630 for the regressive subtype. We found marked deregulation of miRNAs regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition, especially in the blastemal subtype, and miRNAs influencing chemosensitivity, especially in regressive subtypes. Further research is needed to assess the influence of preoperative chemotherapy and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes on the miRNA and mRNA patterns in WT.
Charge trapping properties in TiO2∕HfSiO∕SiO2 gate stacks probed by scanning capacitance microscopy (2008)

The charge-trapping properties of the high-permittivity titanium oxide–hafnium silicate–silicon dioxide (TiO2∕HfSiO∕SiO2) gate stacks have been studied using scanning capacitance microscopy. From the bias stress examination of the gate stacks, we concluded that there were electron traps within the films, and these trap densities increased with an increase in the oxidation temperature used for the fabrication of TiO2 top dielectrics. Furthermore, we found that the distribution of these charged defects was inhomogeneous within the gate stacks. These results are attributed to Ti diffusion through the dielectric layers, which caused electrical defects within the gate stacks.
Irregular Polar Coding for Massive MIMO Channels (2017)

Recent advancements in polar coding have achieved practical performance competitive with other capacity-achieving codes such as low-density parity-check codes. In this paper, we propose a new family called irregular polar codes, where polarlization units are irregularly inactivated to achieve additional degrees of freedom for code design. We first discuss the code construction for irregular polar-coded modulation by taking non-uniform bit-reliability into consideration. We then apply the proposed polar codes to wireless massive multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) communication channels. Simulation results show that the irregular polar codes can significantly reduce encoding/decoding complexity up to 50% while also yielding a marginal improvement in error rate performance.
Measurements of Bicarbonate in Water Containing Ocean-Level Sulfate Using a Simple Multi-Pass Optical Raman System (2021)

The concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the oceans at depths of a few meters to thousands of meters is a critical parameter for understanding global warming. The concentration is both pH dependent and depth dependent. Current analysis that employs pH meters must account for several other parameters, such as salinity, temperature, pressure, and the dissolved carbon’s form, carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has been used to measure these forms directly in water at ~1000 ppm, which is unfortunately insufficient for typical ocean concentrations, such as ~115 ppm bicarbonate near the surface. Here, we employed a simple multi-pass optical system, a flat mirror to reflect the laser back through the sample, and a concave mirror opposite the entrance slit that effectively doubled the laser power and the collected Raman photons, respectively. This multi-pass optical Raman system with a 1.5 W, 532 nm laser was used to measure 30 ppm bicarbonate in water that contained 2650 ppm sulfate to simulate ocean water, a bicarbonate concentration well below that near the ocean surface. Furthermore, spectral analysis employed the bicarbonate C=O symmetric stretch at 1360 cm−1 instead of the C–OH stretch at 1015 cm−1 to avoid the intense, overlapping sulfate SO4 symmetric stretch at 985 cm−1. The calculated standard deviation of ~5 ppm for the described approach suggests that accurate measurement of bicarbonate in situ is possible, which has been, heretofore, either calculated based on pH or measured in a lab.
Contribution of the Olecranon to Elbow Stability (2010)

Valgus-varus angulation and ulnohumeral rotation progressively increase with sequential excision of up to 75% of the olecranon. Elbow stability is progressively lost with sequential excision, with gross instability noted at resection of > or = 87.5% of the olecranon.
Comparing short scan CT reconstruction algorithms regarding cone-beam artifact performance (2010)

While circular cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has numerous advantages in CT scanner design, the image reconstruction from circular cone-beam data is known to be approximate since the data sufficiency condition is not fulfilled. This is an unresolved issue yet and may become a problem if the number of detector rows is further increased in the future. The purpose of this work is to evaluate different CBCT reconstruction algorithms regarding their cone-beam artifact performance. For the comparison the two standard methods Feldkamp and SART are used. Additionally the factorization approach, which is designed for reconstruction with low cone-beam artifacts and a new method for cone-beam artifact reduction (CBAR) based on iterative filtered backprojection reconstruction are used. Among the compared algorithms, the Feldkamp reconstruction has the lowest computational load and shows the worst cone-beam artifacts while the factorization approach shows the best trade-off between cone-beam artifacts and computation time.