gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards wireless capsule endoscopic ultrasound (WCEU) (2014)

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has revolutionized the capacity for evaluation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although WCE provides high quality images of the GI tract, evaluation is limited to the mucosal surface. This work investigates feasibility and design considerations for wireless capsule endoscopic ultrasound (WCEU) that combines the benefits of WCE and ultrasound imaging. This work has two goals: (1) evaluate transducer designs appropriate for WCEU and (2) investigate whether peristalsis can produce sufficient contact to ensure acoustic coupling. Between mechanical scanning (MS) and side-looking array (SLA) designs, MS performs better for both imaging performance and system complexity. In vivo imaging in pigs demonstrates promising results, although the effect of peristalsis and resulting coverage needs further investigation and quantification.
Spectral envelope reconstruction via IGF for audio transform coding (2015)

In low-bitrate audio coding, modern coders often rely on efficient parametric techniques to enhance the performance of the waveform preserving transform coder core. While the latter features well-known perceptually adapted quantization of spectral coefficients, parametric techniques reconstruct the signal parts that have been quantized to zero by the encoder to meet the low-bitrate constraint. Large numbers of zeroed spectral values and especially consecutive zeros constituting gaps often lead to audible artifacts at the decoder. To avoid such artifacts the new 3GPP Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) coding standard utilizes noise filling and intelligent gap filling (IGF) techniques, guided by spectral envelope information. In this paper the underlying considerations of the parametric energy adjustment and transmission in EVS and its relation to noise filling, IGF, and tonality preservation are presented. It is further shown that complex-valued IGF envelope calculation in the encoder improves the temporal energy stability of some signals while retaining real-valued decoder-side processing.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase May Sensitize Tumors to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase May Sensitize Tumors to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors
Rh(III) Catalysts for Tail-to-Tail Dimerization of Methyl Acrylate (1993)

The development of an efficient, highly selective Rh(III) catalyst system for the tail-to-tail dimerization of methyl acrylate is described. The catalytic cycle is entered by protonation of Cp*Rh(C2H4)2 to yield Cp*(C2H4)RhCH2CH2-μ-H+, followed by reaction with methyl acrylate. The catalyst resting state has been generated by low-temperature protonation of Cp*Rh(CH2CHCO2Me)2 and identified as Cp*RhCH2CH2C(O)OMe(η2-CH2CHCO2Me)+. The turnover-limiting step is the C-C coupling reaction from the resting state. Additional low temperature NMR experiments provide a complete picture of the catalytic cycle. Investigation of Ir analogs has led to the isolation and X-ray structural characterization of Cp*IrCH2CH2C(O)OMe(η2-CH2CHCO2Me)+ thought to be isostructural with the Rh resting state.
HN125: A Novel Immunoadhesin Targeting MUC16 with Potential for Cancer Therapy (2011)

This report describes a novel human immunotherapeutic agent highly specific for MUC16 with potential for treating ovarian cancer and other MUC16-expressing tumors. Because of its lower immunogenicity in patients, a fully human protein is the most desirable format for clinical applications. We believe that the methods developed here may apply to the generation of other tumor-targeting immunoadhesins when it is difficult to obtain a human monoclonal antibody to a given antigen for clinical applications. The resultant immunoadhesins can have advantages usually found in monoclonal antibodies such as ease of purification, high binding affinity and effector functions.
A biomass-derived safe medium to replace toxic dipolar solvents and access cleaner Heck coupling reactions (2014)

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is an excellent reaction medium, derived from biomasses, which can replace classic dipolar aprotic media such as DMF or NMP.
Process for the preparation of vinyl acetate (2023)

This invention pertains to the preparation of vinyl acetate by contacting within a contact zone a mixture of ketene and acetaldehyde with an acid catalyst at about one bar pressure and between about 85.degree. and 200.degree. C. and removing the reaction products from the contact zone.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Decrease Microglial Survival In Vitro (2009)

When human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells are systemically administered following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, they produce a reduction in infarct size resulting in recovery of motor function. Rats receiving HUCB cells have a less severe inflammatory response compared to MCAO stroke rats. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between HUCB cells and the main resident immune cells of the brain (microglia) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in vitro. Primary microglial cultures were incubated for 2 h in no oxygen (95% N, 5% CO(2)) and low glucose (1%) media. Mononuclear HUCB cells were added to half the cultures at the beginning of the hypoxia conditions. Microglial viability was determined using fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) labeling and cytokine expression using ELISA. In some studies, CD11b+ or CD19+ cells isolated from the HUCB mononuclear fraction with magnetic antibody cell sorting (MACS) were used instead of the mononuclear fraction. Co-culturing mononuclear HUCB cells with microglia decreased viability of the microglia during hypoxia. In the microglial monocultures, hypoxia significantly increased release of IL-1beta compared to normoxia, while adding HUCB cells in the hypoxia condition decreased IL-1beta concentrations to the same level as in the normoxia monocultures. Both CD11b+ and CD19+ HUCB cells decreased microglial viability during normoxia and hypoxia. Our data suggest that HUCB cells may produce a soluble factor that decreases viability of microglia.
Scheduling complex computer simulations on heterogeneous non-dedicated machines: a case study in structural bioinformatics (2005)

Complex computer simulations are a class of applications that demands high performance processing power in order to be realized in a feasible time. To achieve this processing power, networks composed of non-dedicated machines are increasingly being investigated. An efficient scheduling scheme is one of the most important issues to make a better use of these resources. In this paper we present an architecture for scheduling complex computer simulations aimed at heterogeneous non-dedicated machines which relies on information provided by the models that are being simulated. Furthermore, a case study demonstrates how the proposed architecture can assist in the execution of complex simulations applied to the protein structure prediction problem, which is one of the most important current challenges in structural bioinformatics.
Ligand Recognition of the Major Birch Pollen Allergen Bet v 1 is Isoform Dependent (2015)

Each spring millions of patients suffer from allergies when birch pollen is released into the air. In most cases, the major pollen allergen Bet v 1 is the elicitor of the allergy symptoms. Bet v 1 comes in a variety of isoforms that share virtually identical conformations, but their relative concentrations are plant-specific. Glycosylated flavonoids, such as quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, are the physiological ligands of Bet v 1, and here we found that three isoforms differing in their allergenic potential also show an individual, highly specific binding behaviour for the different ligands. This specificity is driven by the sugar moieties of the ligands rather than the flavonols. While the influence of the ligands on the allergenicity of the Bet v 1 isoforms may be limited, the isoform and ligand mixtures add up to a complex and thus individual fingerprint of the pollen. We suggest that this mixture is not only acting as an effective chemical sunscreen for pollen DNA, but may also play an important role in recognition processes during pollination.
Breast carcinoma metastatic to the esophagus (1998)

The common sites of metastasis from breast carcinoma include local and distant lymph nodes, lung parenchyma, bone, liver and brain. While less common, gastrointestinal carcinoma, involving everything from the tip of the tongue to the rectum, secondary to metastatic breast carcinoma have been reported. Many of these lesions occur years after treatment of the primary breast cancer and they can be confused with a second primary. We present a case of breast cancer metastatic to the esophagus which produced symptoms of progressive dysphagia in a women thirteen years after mastectomy and radiation therapy for breast cancer.
Phage-displayed antibodies against melanoma (1997)

Herlyn, D; Pereira, S; Elder, D; Van, Belle P; Jacob, L; Sivanandham, M; Wallack, M; Siegel, D Author Information
308: SHORT-TERM ADVERSE OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOGLYCEMIA IN CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN (2018)

Faustino, Edward Vincent1; Hirshberg, Ellie2; Biagas, Katherine3; Asaro, Lisa4; Pinto, Neethi5; Srinivasan, Vijay6; Bagdure, Dayanand7; Wypij, David4,,8; Steil, Garry4; Coughlin-Wells, Kerry4; Nadkarni, Vinay6; Agus, Michael4 Author Information
Understanding Side Reactions in K–O2 Batteries for Improved Cycle Life (2014)

Superoxide based metal-air (or metal-oxygen) batteries, including potassium and sodium-oxygen batteries, have emerged as promising alternative chemistries in the metal-air battery family because of much improved round-trip efficiencies (>90%). In order to improve the cycle life of these batteries, it is crucial to understand and control the side reactions between the electrodes and the electrolyte. For potassium-oxygen batteries using ether-based electrolytes, the side reactions on the potassium anode have been identified as the main cause of battery failure. The composition of the side products formed on the anode, including some reaction intermediates, have been identified and quantified. Combined experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show the side reactions are likely driven by the interaction of potassium with ether molecules and the crossover of oxygen from the cathode. To inhibit these side reactions, the incorporation of a polymeric potassium ion selective membrane (Nafion-K(+)) as a battery separator is demonstrated that significantly improves the battery cycle life. The K-O2 battery with the Nafion-K(+) separator can be discharged and charged for more than 40 cycles without increases in charging overpotential.
Real Time Nanoscale Cleaning Phenomenon Observation during PVA Brush Scrubbing by Evanescent Field (2019)

Cleaning phenomenon is considered as nano-particle behaviors near the surface in nano-scale. The phenomenon concerns the removal of the nano-particle from the wafer surface to be cleaned, and the occasional reattachment of the nano-particle to surface in Post-CMP cleaning process. However, residual contamination on the wafer has been usually inspected only before and after cleaning process. Therefore, removal and reattachment mechanism of nano-particles on the surface have not already clearly known. Hence, we have been establishing dynamically visualization of cleaning phenomena on the surface applying localized light called evanescent light generated by internal reflection. In this article, we discuss the validity of our proposed optical method to observe nano-particle removal during PVA brush scrubbing in real time, by demonstrating removal of 100 nm fluorescent silica-nano-particles from a glass surface. Consequently, the mutual scrubbing behavior between nano-particles and PVA brush would be identified by fluorescent and non-fluorescent wavelength scattering light.
Cascade semiconductor lasers for telecommunications (2003)

The topics discussed include: improving the noise figure with cascade lasers; bipolar cascade lasers; and noise and correlations in cascade lasers. The noise figures for various directly modulated links tend to decrease with increased link gain. Since the received noise is limited by the shot noise floor, large enhancements in the NF must be made through improvements in the intrinsic link gain and hence the modulation efficiency. Bipolar cascade lasers are a new class of laser structures which can be directly modulated and do not have any of the conventional restrictions on loss of electrical signal strength or increased noise. The correlation in the photon emission in lasers connected electrically can be experimentally obtained by measuring the correlation in the photon intensity noise spectral density of the lasers. Noise correlations limit the improvement in noise figure despite the enhanced link gain.
Role of Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase Isoform 2 in Neuronal Function in the Cerebellum and Spinal Cord (2007)

The distinct role of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 (PMCA2) in the function of different neuronal subpopulations in the central nervous system is not well understood. We found that lack of PMCA2 leads to a reduction in the number of motor neurons in the spinal cord of PMCA2-null mice and to abnormal changes in molecular pathways in Purkinje cells. Thus, PMCA2 may have unique, nonredundant functions in spinal cord and cerebellar neurons. Our results suggest that anomalous alterations in PMCA2 activity or expression may induce pathology in some neuronal populations, a possibility that will be the focus of future investigations.
Mutational analysis of plasma DNA from patients (pts) in the phase III GRID study of regorafenib (REG) versus placebo (PL) in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-refractory GIST: Correlating genotype with clinical outcomes. (2013)

10503 Background: The phase III GRID study showed that REG provides a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) compared with PL in pts with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) following failure of at least imatinib (IM) and sunitinib (SU; HR 0.27, p&lt;0.0001). Determining GIST genotype in TKI-refractory disease has proven challenging due to inter-tumoral heterogeneity and pt preference to avoid serial biopsies. To overcome this, we analysed circulating DNA in plasma as a source of tumor DNA and studied the correlation between mutational status and clinical outcome. Methods: DNA was isolated from both archival tumor tissue (n=102) and plasma at baseline (n=163) and analyzed for mutations via Sanger sequencing (tissue) or BEAMing (plasma). Results: Mutational frequencies for tumor tissue samples were: KIT, 66%; PDGFRA, 3%; KRAS, 1%; BRAF, 0%. For plasma, frequencies were: KIT, 58%; PDGFRA, 1%; KRAS, 1 out of 2 samples, BRAF, 0%. Detection of primary KIT mutations showed 84% concordance between tissue and plasma. Secondary KIT mutations were more commonly detected in plasma (47%) than in tissue (12%). Subgroup analysis based on mutational status showed an improved PFS in REG-treated pts vs PL in all subgroups by both central and local review of imaging studies. The presence of a secondary KIT mutation in plasma was associated with shorter PFS in pts receiving PL (HR 1.82, p=0.05). Pts with a KIT-exon 9 mutation received IM for a shorter period of time, and SU for a longer period of time, relative to other GIST genotypes. Pts with a PDGFRA mutation showed variable clinical responses, while 1/1 KRAS-mutant GIST did not respond well to IM, SU, or REG. Conclusions: KIT mutational status correlated to IM and SU treatment duration. While consistent with prior reports using tissue sampling, this validates the utility of plasma-based circulating DNA analysis of target oncogenes. Secondary KIT mutations appear to have a negative prognostic impact in GIST, while the clinical benefit of REG vs PL was not influenced by KIT mutational status. Clinical trial information: NCT01271712.
Abstract 3922: Lef-1 is differentially expressed in endometrial cancer and appears to target cyclin D1 in endometrial tissue (2010)

Abstract Objectives: The molecular pathways involving endometrial carcinogenesis and gland formation are currently unclear. We have previously reported on the involvement of Lymphoid Enhancing Factor-1 (Lef-1), a transcription factor, in the development and maintenance of glands within the mouse uterus. We have also demonstrated the overexpression of Lef-1 within human cancer samples. Cyclin D1, a downstream target of Lef-1, has been shown to be over-expressed in a myriad of human cancers. We hypothesize that Lef-1 is differentially expressed in human endometrial cancers and that cyclin D1 is regulated by Lef-1 in gland formation and cancer. Methods: Using Lef-1 knock out (KO) mice and wild type (WT) controls we characterized the expression of cyclin D1 within the endometrial glands of the developing mouse endometrium. Using Western blot analysis and real time PCR, we also characterized and identified Lef-1 expression in different human endometrial cancer samples. Using both normal and cancerous human endometrial tissue samples, we immunostained for Lef-1 and cyclin D1 protein. Results: Lef-1 expression is increased in certain subtypes of human endometrial cancer. In WT mice, cyclin D1 is localized to the developing gland bud by day 7, as compared to the KO mice, which express no cyclin D1 during this day. There appears to be cyclin D1 immunostaining within the same Lef-1 expressing cells within human endometrial cancers. Conclusions: Lef-1 is overexpressed in specific subtypes of human endometrial cancer. Cyclin D1 appears to be present during endometrial gland formation within the mouse uterus and present within certain human endometrial cancer cells that express Lef-1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3922.
WE‐AB‐207A‐11: Respiratory Motion Guided 4DCBCT ‐ A Step Towards Controlling 4DCBCT Image Quality (2016)

Purpose: We have developed a method, called respiratory motion guided 4DCBCT (RMG‐4DCBCT), in which the gantry speed and projection frequency are varied in response to the patient's real‐time respiratory signal to eliminate streaking artifacts and to suppress duplicate projections in 4DCBCT images. In 2015, we realized RMG‐4DCBCT on an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator with a mechanical relay to suppress projections and a potentiometer to adjust the gantry speed in response to the patient's real‐time respiratory signal. The aim of this study was to analyse the image quality to determine what can and cannot be controlled. Methods: Using RMG‐4DCBCT, we acquired 40 (RMG‐4DCBCT_40) and 60 (RMG‐4DCBCT_60) equally spaced projections per respiratory phase of the CIRS dynamic thorax phantom with breathing periods from 2s to 8s and two breathing traces from lung cancer patients. The contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and edge response width (ERW) were used to compare image quality between RMG‐4DCBCT and conventional 4DCBCT. Results: Regardless of the breathing period, for RMG‐4DCBCT, the CNR is approximately 7 and 9 with RMG‐4DCBCT_40 and RMG‐4DCBCT_60 respectively. Conventional 4DCBCT has a CNR dropping from 20 down to 6 as the breathing period drops from 2s to 8s. With RMG‐4DCBCT, the ERW, in the direction of phantom motion, ranges from 2.1mm to 2.5mm as the breathing period drops from 2s to 8s which compares to a higher range of 2.0mm to 2.5mm with conventional 4DCBCT. Images with similar quality to conventional 4DCBCT can be acquired with RMG‐4DCBCT_40 which has a 70% reduction in imaging dose. Conclusion: The image contrast can be controlled with RMG‐4DCBCT regardless of the patients breathing rate. However, although the image sharpness is better with RMG‐4DCBCT, image sharpness has a small dependence on the breathing period; the accuracy of registration and segmentation will therefore vary with the patient's breathing period. This project was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grant 1034060 and Cancer Australia grant number 1084566.
Ytterbium- and neodymium-doped vanadate laser hose crystals having the apatite crystal structure (2023)

Yb.sup.3+ and Nd.sup.3+ doped Sr.sub.5 (VO.sub.4).sub.3 F crystals serve as useful infrared laser media that exhibit low thresholds of oscillation and high slope efficiencies, and can be grown with high optical quality. These laser media possess unusually high absorption and emission cross sections, which provide the crystals with the ability to generate greater gain for a given amount of pump power. Many related crystals such as Sr.sub.5 (VO.sub.4).sub.3 F crystals doped with other rare earths, transition metals, or actinides, as well as the many structural analogs of Sr.sub.5 (VO.sub.4).sub.3 F, where the Sr.sup.2+ and F.sup.- ions are replaced by related chemical species, have similar properties.
Kinetic-Dominated Charging Mechanism within Representative Aqueous Electrolyte-based Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (2017)

The chemical nature of electrolytes has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the charge storage of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), whereas primary mechanisms are still partially resolved but controversial. In this work, a systematic exploration into EDL structures and kinetics of representative aqueous electrolytes is performed with numerical simulation and experimental research. Unusually, a novel charging mechanism exclusively predominated by kinetics is recognized, going beyond traditional views of manipulating capacitances preferentially via interfacial structural variations. Specifically, strikingly distinctive EDL structures stimulated by diverse ion sizes, valences, and mixtures manifest a virtually identical EDL capacitance, where the dielectric nature of solvents attenuates ionic effects on electrolyte redistributions, in stark contradiction with solvent-free counterpart and traditional Helmholtz theory. Meanwhile, corresponding kinetics evolve conspicuously with ionic species, intimately correlated with ion-solvent interactions. The achieved mechanisms are subsequently illuminated by electrochemical measurements, highlighting the crucial interplay between ions and solvents in regulating EDLC performances.
<title>Sub-Doppler resonances of absorption and transparency induced by strong radiations in ladder systems</title> (1999)

The possibility of elimination of Doppler broadening and simultaneous coherent coupling of atoms from wide velocity intervals in three-photon schemes is shown. A simple physical analysis in terms of modification of frequency- correlation properties of multiphoton processes in strong fields is given. Numerical illustrations are presented.
Anatomy of the Greater Trochanteric ‘Bald Spot’: A Potential Portal for Abductor Sparing Femoral Nailing? (2008)

Soft tissue injury occurs when using a piriformis portal for femoral nailing. Standard trochanteric portals also can injure the gluteus medius and external rotator tendons, which may be a source of hip pain after nailing. On the lateral facet of the greater trochanter, a "bald spot" may exist that is devoid of tendon insertion. This may be a potential portal for intramedullary nail insertion. We defined the dimensions and location of this region. Cadaveric specimens were dissected to expose the tendon insertions on the greater trochanter. A computer navigation system was used with a stylus and bone morphing to determine the tendon insertions and bald spot anatomy. The greater trochanteric bald spot is covered by the subgluteus medius bursa and has no tendon insertions. Its center lies 11 mm distal to the tip of the greater trochanter and 5 mm anterior to the midline. The shape is ellipsoid with a diameter of 21 mm. This region is large enough to accommodate the size of most nailing system reamers without tendon footprint infringement. Use of this modified entry site may reduce soft tissue injury with nailing procedures and minimize subsequent hip pain.