gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Hashing of Multiple Messages (2012)

We describe a method for efficiently hashing multiple messages of different lengths. Such computations occur in various scenarios, and one of them is when an operating system checks the integrity of its components during boot time. These tasks can gain performance by parallelizing the computations and using SIMD architectures. For such scenarios, we compare the performance of a new 4-buffers SHA-256 S-HASH implementation, to that of the standard serial hashing. Our results are measured on the 2nd Generation Intel? CoreTM Processor, and demonstrate SHA-256 processing at effectively ~5.2 Cycles per Byte, when hashing from any of the three cache levels, or from the system memory. This represents speedup by a factor of 3.42x compared to OpenSSL (1.0.1), and by 2.25x compared to the recent and faster n-SMS method. For hashing from a disk, we show an effective rate of ~6.73 Cycles/Byte, which is almost 3 times faster than OpenSSL (1.0.1) under the same conditions. These results indicate that for some usage models, SHA-256 is significantly faster than commonly perceived.
Ergodic Energy Management Leveraging Resource Variability in Distribution Grids (2015)

Contemporary electricity distribution systems are being challenged by the variability of renewable energy sources. Slow response times and long energy management periods cannot efficiently integrate intermittent renewable generation and demand. Yet stochasticity can be judiciously coupled with system flexibilities to enhance grid operation efficiency. Voltage magnitudes for instance can transiently exceed regulation limits, while smart inverters can be overloaded over short time intervals. To implement such a mode of operation, an ergodic energy management framework is developed here. Considering a distribution grid with distributed energy sources and a feed-in tariff program, active power curtailment and reactive power compensation are formulated as a stochastic optimization problem. Tighter operational constraints are enforced in an average sense, while looser margins are enforced to be satisfied at all times. Stochastic dual subgradient solvers are developed based on exact and approximate grid models of varying complexity. Numerical tests on a real-world 56-bus distribution grid and the IEEE 123-bus test feeder relying on both grid models corroborate the advantages of the novel schemes over their deterministic alternatives.
Space Division Multiplexing 5G Fronthaul With Analog And Digital Radio-Over-Fiber And Optical Beamforming – The Bluespace Concept (2018)

This paper presents the concept of the blueSPACE project. The blueSPACE project is one of the 21 second phase 5G-PPP initiative European H2020 projects focusing on delivering solutions, architectures, technologies and standards for the ubiquitous next generation communication infrastructures. This concept paper presents the blueSPACE proposition for the use of spatial division multiplexing for 5G fronthauling, the use of optical beamforming from Ka-band wireless signals, the incorporation of power-over-fiber distribution and the integration into a flexible SDN/NFV environment. Also, the chosen use cases and a global description of the planned demonstrations are presented.
Modelling of multi-conjugate adaptive optics for spatially variant aberrations in microscopy (2013)

Adaptive optics has been implemented in a range of high-resolution microscopes in order to overcome the problems of specimen-induced aberrations. Most implementations have used a single aberration correction across the imaged field. It is known, however, that aberrations often vary across the field of view, so a single correction setting cannot compensate all aberrations. Multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) has been suggested as a possible method for correction of these spatially variant aberrations. MCAO is modelled to simulate the correction of aberrations, both for simple model specimens and using real aberration data from a biological specimen.
Formation of selenide, sulfide or mixed selenide-sulfide films on metal or metal coated substrates (2023)

A process and composition for preventing cracking in composite structures comprising a metal coated substrate and a selenide, sulfide or mixed selenide sulfide film. Specifically, cracking is prevented in the coating of molybdenum coated substrates upon which a copper, indium-gallium diselenide (CIGS) film is deposited. Cracking is inhibited by adding a Se passivating amount of oxygen to the Mo and limiting the amount of Se deposited on the Mo coating.
Maximum equivalent pressure output and maximum stable gain of a light-activated contact hearing device that mechanically stimulates the umbo: Temporal bone measurements (2015)

The non-surgical contact hearing device (CHD) consists of a light-activated balanced-armature tympanic-membrane transducer (TMT) that drives the middle ear through contact with the umbo, and a behind-the-ear unit with a widely vented light-emitter Assembly inserted into the ear canal that encodes amplified sound into pulses of light that drive and power the TMT. In comparison to acoustic hearing aids, the CHD is designed to provide higher levels of maximum equivalent pressure output (MEPO) over a broader frequency range and a significantly higher maximum stable gain (MSG). No artificial middle-ear model yet exists for testing the CHD, so we instead measured it using fresh human cadaveric temporal bones. To calculate the MEPO and MSG, we measured the pressure close to the eardrum and stapes velocity for sound drive and light drive using the CHD. The baseline sound-driven measurements are consistent with previous reports in temporal bones. The average MEPO (N = 4) varies from 116 to 128 dB SPL in the 0.7 to 10 kHz range, with the peak occurring at 7.6 kHz. From 0.1–0.7 kHz, it varies from 83 to 121 dB SPL. For the average MSG, a minimum of about 10 dB occurs in the 1–4 kHz range, above which it rises as high as 42 dB at 7.6 kHz. From 0.2 to 1 kHz, the MSG decreases linearly from about 40 dB to 10 dB. The measurements of MEPO and MSG are compared with predictions from circuit-model calculations. The CHD may offer a way of providing broad-spectrum amplification appropriate to treat listeners with mild-to-severe hearing impairment.
System Design of Adjustable Speed Drives, Part 1: Equipment and Load Interactions (2012)

The solid-state power converter markets are rapidly increasing due to the push for improved energy efficiency and reduced impact on the environment, using alternative and distributed energy generation. Power converters have a high growth opportunity, irrespective of low-voltage (LV) or medium-voltage (MV) technology. To meet these market expectations, designers and application specialists are forced to address both well-known and new technical hurdles.
Algorithms for discovering bucket orders from data (2006)

Ordering and ranking items of different types are important tasks in various applications, such as query processing and scientific data mining. A total order for the items can be misleading, since there are groups of items that have practically equal ranks.We consider bucket orders, i.e., total orders with ties. They can be used to capture the essential order information without overfitting the data: they form a useful concept class between total orders and arbitrary partial orders. We address the question of finding a bucket order for a set of items, given pairwise precedence information between the items. We also discuss methods for computing the pairwise precedence data.We describe simple and efficient algorithms for finding good bucket orders. Several of the algorithms have a provable approximation guarantee, and they scale well to large datasets. We provide experimental results on artificial and a real data that show the usefulness of bucket orders and demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms.
Reactions of iron atoms with benzene and cyclohexadiene in argon matrixes: iron-benzene complexes and photolytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexadiene (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of iron atoms with benzene and cyclohexadiene in argon matrixes: iron-benzene complexes and photolytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexadieneDavid W. Ball, Zakya H. Kafafi, Robert H. Hauge, and John L. MargraveCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 21, 6621–6626Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00281a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00281a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Direct imaging of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures using piezoresponse force microscopy (2013)

The interface between LaAlO3 and TiO2-terminated SrTiO3 can be switched between metastable conductive and insulating states using a conductive atomic force microscope probe. Determination of the nanoscale dimensions has previously required a destructive readout (e.g., local restoration of an insulating state). Here it is shown that high-resolution non-destructive imaging of conductive nanostructures can be achieved using a specific piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) technique. Images of conductive and insulating nanoscale features are achieved with feature sizes as small as 30 nm. The measured nanowire width from PFM is well correlated with those obtained from nanowire erasure.
ESI, a New Keck Observatory Echellette Spectrograph and Imager (2002)

The Echellette Spectrograph and Imager (ESI) is a multipurpose instrument which has been delivered by the Instrument Development Laboratory of Lick Observatory for use at the Cassegrain focus of the Keck II telescope. ESI saw first light on August 29, 1999. ESI is a multi-mode instrument that enables the observer to seamlessly switch between three modes during an observation. The three modes of ESI are: An R=13,000-echellette mode; Low-dispersion prismatic mode; Direct imaging mode. ESI contains a unique flexure compensation system which reduces the small instrument flexure to negligible proportions. Long-exposure images on the sky show FWHM spot diameters of 34 microns (0.34") averaged over the entire field of view. These are the best non-AO images taken in the visible at Keck Observatory to date. Maximum efficiencies are measured to be 28% for the echellette mode and greater than 41% for low-dispersion prismatic mode including atmospheric, telescope and detector losses. In this paper we describe the instrument and its development. We also discuss the performance-testing and some observational results.
Photoreactivity Preservation of AgBr Nanowires in Confined Nanospaces (2010)

AgBr nanowires within single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are extremely stable even under UV laser light illumination. The structure of AgBr nanowires within SWCNTs, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, inhibits photoreduction to Ag by preventing the migration of Br atoms. Reduction of AgBr nanowires to Ag can be observed only when the outer SWCNT is structurally compromised by intense electron beam irradiation.
The Effect of Pretreatments on Surfactin Production from Potato Process Effluent by Bacillus subtilis (2001)

Pretreatments of low-solids potato process effluent were tested for their potential to increase surfactin yield. Pretreatments included heat, removal of starch particulates, and acid hydrolysis. Elimination of contaminating vegetative cells was necessary for surfactin production. After autoclaving, 0.40 g/L of surfactin was produced from the effluent in 72 h, vs 0.24 g/L in the purified potato starch control. However, surfactin yields per carbon consumed were 76% lower from process effluent. Removal of starch particulates had little effect on the culture. Acid hydrolysis decreased growth and surfactant production, except 0.5 wt% acid, which increased the yield by 25% over untreated effluent.
Small Changes Have Consequences: Lessons from Tetrabenzyltitanium and ‐zirconium Surface Organometallic Chemistry (2012)

Homoleptic benzyl derivatives of titanium and zirconium have been grafted onto silica that was dehydroxylated at 200 and 700 °C, thereby affording bi-grafted and mono-grafted single-site species, respectively, as shown by a combination of experimental techniques (IR, MAS NMR, EXAFS, and elemental analysis) and theoretical calculations. Marked differences between these compounds and their neopentyl analogues are discussed and rationalized by using DFT. These differences were assigned to the selectivity of the grafting process, which, depending on the structure of the molecular precursors, led to different outcomes in terms of the mono- versus bi-grafted species for the same surface concentration of silanol species. The benzylzirconium derivatives were active towards ethylene polymerization in the absence of an activator and the bi-grafted species displayed higher activity than their mono-grafted analogues. In contrast, the benzyltitanium and neopentylzirconium counterparts were not active under similar reaction conditions.
Abstract 1840: Nedd9 controls glycolysis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2019)

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a low survival rate, with metastasis contributing to the vast majority of deaths. Elevated expression of the protein NEDD9 has been reported in a large subset of lung cancers and other malignancies as a promotor of aggressive phenotypes and drug resistance. NEDD9 exerts these pro-metastatic roles by serving as a scaffold for intermediates in the integrin and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling cascades, and other pathways, with NEDD9 knockdown impairing cell migration, motility, and growth. Because scaffolds act by assembling functional complexes in precise stoichiometries, there are cases where both loss and gain result in loss of function. Through analysis of TCGA data, we identified a subset of human NSCLC with low levels of NEDD9 expression, associated with lower overall survival. Therefore, in this study, we for the first time assessed the consequences of a constitutive null genotype for Nedd9 for cancer formation in the 129S/Sv-Krastm3Tyj/Trp53tm1Brn (KP) murine model of NSCLC. Unexpectedly, we found deletion of Nedd9 (in a KPN genotype) significantly accelerated NSCLC tumorigenesis and enhanced tumor invasion. Proteomic analysis of KPN versus KP tumors confirmed these more aggressive phenotypes occurred in spite of depressed activity of the pro-proliferative Nedd9 partners Src and Fak, and surprisingly, suggested depressed expression of activity of enzymes involved in glycolysis in KPN tumors. Functional exploration confirmed a similar protein expression and activity profile, and strongly reduced glycolytic capacity, in multiple human NEDD9-depleted NSCLC cell lines, for the first time demonstrating NEDD9 regulation of glycolysis through control of hexokinase II (HK2) and other enzymes acting upstream of PGK. Compensating for these negative effects of Nedd9 loss during in vivo tumorigenesis, NSCLC tumors arising in KPN mice additionally activated AMPK, causing significantly elevated levels of autophagy, with both aggressive tumor growth and autophagy reduced by the SRC inhibitor dasatinib. Such compensatory activation of autophagy did not occur in cell lines with depleted NEDD9, distinguishing in vitro and in vivo tumor cell signaling response to NEDD9 loss. In sum, these data for the first time identify and define a role for the pro-metastatic protein NEDD9 in control of glycolytic metabolism in NSCLC setting, and establish a mechanism for this control. This data should be useful in guiding selection of patients for specific therapies targeting metabolic pathways. Citation Format: Alexander Y. Deneka, Anna Nikonova, Meghan Kopp, Anna Gaponova, Anna Kiseleva, Harvey Hensley, Erica Golemis. Nedd9 controls glycolysis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1840.
Carbon nanotubes as sorbents for the gas phase preconcentration of semivolatile organics in a microtrap (2008)

In this paper we present the application of carbon nanotubes as unique sorbents for the fabrication of microtraps for the nanoscale adsorption/desorption of relatively large semivolatile organic molecules. The microtrap application requires high adsorption capacity as well as easy desorbability; the latter being critical for semivolatile compounds. The sorbent characteristics of single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes for gas phase adsorption/desorption of several compounds has been studied. The nonporous nature of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) eliminates the mass transfer resistance related to diffusion into pore structures, thus allowing easy desorbability. At the same time, their high aspects ratios lead to large breakthrough volumes. As compared to a commercial sorbent Carbopack, the breakthrough volume was as much as an order of magnitude higher in the CNTs, while the rate of desorption measured as the peak width at half height of the desorption band was eight times lower. The trapping and desorption characteristics of single and multi walled nanotubes were found to be comparable. We also found that the presence of disordered carbon impurities, which could be removed by controlled oxidative annealing could greatly degrade the performance of CNTs.
A Multiplex “OpenPET” Geometry to Extend Axial FOV Without Increasing the Number of Detectors (2009)

We have proposed an ldquoOpenPETrdquo geometry, which consists of two axially separated detector rings, each of axial length W. A long and continuous field-of-view (FOV) including a 360-degree open gap G between two detector rings can be imaged through iterative image reconstruction. In addition to providing stress-less PET scanning and simultaneous PET/CT, the OpenPET is expected to lead to realization of in-beam PET. The OpenPET also extends the axial FOV with a limited number of detectors. However, the axial FOV is limited to 3 W because the maximum limit of G to obtain the axially continuous FOV is W. In this paper, therefore, we propose an alternative geometry to extend axial FOV even more without increasing the number of detectors. The proposed geometry consists of multiple detector rings separated by multiple gaps. By optimizing each width of the gaps based on a new concept of multiplex geometry of the OpenPET, the axial FOV can be theoretically increased to an unlimited extent without increasing the number of detectors. The multiplex OpenPET geometry was compared with the standard OpenPET and the conventional PET using numerical simulation data and experimental data. The results show that similar reconstructed images are obtained by three geometries. The proposed geometry is expected to help realize an affordable entire body PET scanner that enables whole body dynamic imaging.
Attentive Clustering Processes. (2020)

Amortized approaches to clustering have recently received renewed attention thanks to novel objective functions that exploit the expressiveness of deep learning models. In this work we revisit a recent proposal for fast amortized probabilistic clustering, the Clusterwise Clustering Process (CCP), which yields samples from the posterior distribution of cluster labels for sets of arbitrary size using only O(K) forward network evaluations, where K is an arbitrary number of clusters. While adequate in simple datasets, we show that the model can severely underfit complex datasets, and hypothesize that this limitation can be traced back to the implicit assumption that the probability of a point joining a cluster is equally sensitive to all the points available to join the same cluster. We propose an improved model, the Attentive Clustering Process (ACP), that selectively pays more attention to relevant points while preserving the invariance properties of the generative model. We illustrate the advantages of the new model in applications to spike-sorting in multi-electrode arrays and community discovery in networks. The latter case combines the ACP model with graph convolutional networks, and to our knowledge is the first deep learning model that handles an arbitrary number of communities.
Formalin fixation and paraffin embedding interfere with preservation of optical metabolic assessments based on endogenous NAD(P)H and FAD two photon excited fluorescence (2023)

Endogenous NAD(P)H and FAD two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) images provide functional metabolic information with high spatial resolution for a wide range of living specimens. Preservation of metabolic function optical metrics upon fixation would facilitate studies which assess the impact of metabolic changes in the context of numerous diseases. However, robust assessments of the impact of formalin fixation, paraffin embedding, and sectioning on the preservation of optical metabolic readouts are lacking. Here, we evaluate intensity and lifetime images at excitation/emission settings optimized for NAD(P)H and FAD TPEF detection from freshly excised murine oral epithelia and corresponding bulk and sectioned fixed tissues. We find that fixation impacts the overall intensity as well as the intensity fluctuations of the images acquired. Accordingly, the depth-dependent variations of the optical redox ratio (defined as FAD/(NAD(P)H + FAD)) across squamous epithelia are not preserved following fixation. This is consistent with significant changes in the 755 nm excited spectra, which reveal broadening upon fixation and additional distortions upon paraffin embedding and sectioning. Analysis of fluorescence lifetime images acquired for excitation/emission settings optimized for NAD(P)H TPEF detection indicate that fixation alters the long lifetime of the observed fluorescence and the long lifetime intensity fraction. These parameters as well as the short TPEF lifetime are significantly modified upon embedding and sectioning. Thus, our studies highlight that the autofluorescence products formed during formalin fixation, paraffin embedding and sectioning overlap highly with NAD(P)H and FAD emission and limit the potential to utilize such tissues to assess metabolic activity.
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Comprehensive Genetic Diagnosis in Carrier, Proband, and Fetus (2015)

Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of DMD is feasible using a single targeted massively parallel sequencing platform with tiling design.
Thoughts on the Manchester Manifesto (2011)

George Church is a professor at Harvard University and founder of the personal genome project. He has patents in the fields of genome reading and writing, automation and instrumentation, and advocates open source and transparency; for example, by developing the open access next generation sequencing platform (Polonator.org) and the open access human genome plus trait dataset ( PersonalGenomes.org ).