gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics: Past, Present, and Future (2017)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (CPT), the definitive and timely source for advances in human therapeutics, transcends the drug discovery, development, regulation, and utilization continuum to catalyze, evolve, and disseminate discipline-transformative knowledge. Prioritized themes and multidisciplinary content drive the science and practice of clinical pharmacology, offering a trusted point of reference. An authoritative herald across global communities, CPT is a timeless information vehicle at the vanguard of discovery, translation, and application ushering therapeutic innovation into modern healthcare.
Bicontinuity analysis of multibeam interference three-dimensional periodic structures: volume fractions and interface areas (2017)

Bicontinuous structures are an important subset of three-dimensional periodic structures. In multibeam interference structures, the conditions for bicontinuity depend on the beam parameters and the exposure dose. As described in the present work, these conditions can be applied to establish the range of bicontinuity for any multibeam-interference-produced structure. In addition to the bicontinuity range, the analysis yields the volume fraction of the constituent materials and the normalized interface areas. This analysis has been performed for rhombohedral and woodpile lattices as well as their cubic structure limiting cases. A sphere-at-each-lattice-site model for each of the cubic cases has also been developed for comparison. The multibeam interference structures were investigated for representative media and for various incident polarizations.
Sorptive Behavior of Selected Organic Pollutants Codisposed in a Municipal Landfill (1990)

The impact of organic compound characteristics, leachate components, and the solid waste matrix on the fate of selected organic compounds codisposed with municipal refuse was evaluated. Test compounds included dibromomethane, trichloroethene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 2-nitrophenol, nitrobenzene, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, naphthalene, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane. Bench top tests were employed to characterize the sorption process. Equilibrium sorbed and solution concentrations for nine test compounds were linearly related, with the coefficient of linearity well correlated with the octanol/water partition coefficient. The sorption partition coefficients normalized to carbon content were comparable to coefficients measured for similar hydrophobic compounds on soils and sediments. The majority of refuse sorption of hydrophobic test compounds was found to occur on low energy surfaces such as lipids and plastics. The affinity of the refuse for organic compounds enhances the assimilative capacity of the landfill and affords opportunity for more complete degradation of these constituents.
The power of adaptivity in source location on the path. (2021)

We study the problem of locating the source of a stochastic epidemic diffusion process from a sparse set of sensors. In a graph $G=(V,E)$, an unknown source node $v^* \in V$ is drawn uniformly at random, and unknown edge weights $w(e)$ for $e\in E$, representing the propagation delays along the edges, are drawn independently from a Gaussian distribution of mean $1$ and variance $\sigma^2$. An algorithm then attempts to locate $v^*$ by picking sensor (also called query) nodes $s \in V$ and being told the length of the shortest path between $s$ and $v^*$ in graph $G$ weighted by $w$. We consider two settings: \emph{static}, in which all query nodes must be decided in advance, and \emph{sequential}, in which each query can depend on the results of the previous ones. We characterize the query complexity when $G$ is an $n$-node path. In the static setting, $\Theta(n\sigma^2)$ queries are needed for $\sigma^2 \leq 1$, and $\Theta(n)$ for $\sigma^2 \geq 1$. In the sequential setting, somewhat surprisingly, only $\Theta(\log\log_{1/\sigma}n)$ are needed when $\sigma^2 \leq 1/2$, and $\Theta(\log \log n)+O_\sigma(1)$ when $\sigma^2 \geq 1/2$. This is the first mathematical study of sensor-based source location in a non-deterministic epidemic process.
Factors Regulating Florida Largemouth Bass Stocking Success and Hybridization with Northern Largemouth Bass in Aquilla Lake, Texas (1988)

We electrophoretically assayed four enzyme-encoding loci in, and determined the ages of, 1,534 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides colleted from a new Texas reservoir (Aquilla Lake) over a 41-month period. We used these data to evaluate stocking success and subsequent hybridization of the Florida subspecies M. s. floridanus (1.5–6.5 cm total length and age 0 when stocked between 1983 and 1985) with the indigenous northern subspecies M. s. salmoides. After these stockings, genomic inflow into the population from Florida largemouth bass was rapid. In the 1986 year class, age-0 Florida largemouth bass, first-generation (F1) hybrids between the two subspecies, and second- or higher-generation (Fx) hybrids were numerically dominant (72%). For these individuals, the frequencies of Florida alleles at two diagnostic loci (fixed allelic differences between subspecies) were 0.51 and 0.52, respectively. Although the subspecies hybridized extensively in 1986, the population at age 0 did not conform to expected Hardy–Weinberg genotypic proportions because the northern subspecies tended to breed earlier than the Florida subspecies. Higher relative survival rates were evident for hybrid and Florida largemouth bass than for the northern subspecies, and a size-dependent fecundity advantage for Florida largemouth bass females was due to their larger size by age 3.
Air Cavity Transmission Lines for Off-Chip Interconnects Characterized to 40 GHz (2012)

In this paper, air cavity transmission lines are integrated into printed circuit boards and packages to enable high-speed low-loss chip-to-chip communication. Microstripline and parallel plate structures with copper conductors separated by an air gap dielectric layer are described. The structures use a sacrificial placeholder material along with conventional microelectronics techniques to create a unique buried copper- air-copper microstripline structure. Transmission lines were characterized by S-parameter measurements to 40 GHz. The capacitance was tracked during fabrication to analyze the impact of the air gap. The effective dielectric constant of the final buried copper-air-copper structure was as low as 1.25.
From Calcium Sensitive Fluorescence Movies to Spike Trains (2015)

Vogelstein JT, Babadi B, Watson BO, Yuste R, Paninski L. From Calcium Sensitive Fluorescence Movies to Spike Trains. Society for Neuroscience, 2008
Retraction of “Bimetallic Effects for Enhanced Polar Comonomer Enchainment Selectivity in Catalytic Ethylene Polymerization” (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionRetraction of "Bimetallic Effects for Enhanced Polar Comonomer Enchainment Selectivity in Catalytic Ethylene Polymerization"Brandon A. Rodriguez, Massimiliano Delferro, and Tobin J. Marks*Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 46, 17651Publication Date (Web):November 5, 2013Publication History Published online5 November 2013Published inissue 20 November 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja409590rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja409590rcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3064Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (124 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intravaginal Administration of Fc-Fused IL7 Suppresses the Cervicovaginal Tumor by Recruiting HPV DNA Vaccine-Induced CD8 T Cells (2016)

Abstract Purpose: The induction of tissue-localized virus-specific CD8 T-cell response is essential for the development of an effective therapeutic vaccine against genital diseases, such as cervical cancer and genital herpes. Here, we aimed to elucidate the immunologic role of IL7 in the induction of mucosal cellular immunity. Experimental Design: IL7 was engineered through Fc fusion to enhance mucosal delivery across the genital epithelial barrier. The immunomodulatory role of IL7 was evaluated by monitoring the kinetics of various immune cells and measuring the expression of chemokines and cytokines after intravaginal administration of Fc-fused IL7 (IL7-Fc). The antitumor effects of intramuscular human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine or topical IL7-Fc alone or in a combinational regimen on mice survival were compared using a orthotopic cervical cancer model. Results: Intravaginal treatment of IL7-Fc, but not native IL7, induces upregulation of chemokines (CXCL10, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5), cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL6, and IL1β), and an adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in the genital tract, leading to the recruitment of several leukocytes, including CD4, CD8, γδ T cells, and dendritic cells. Importantly, in this murine cervical cancer model, topical administration of IL7-Fc after intramuscular HPV DNA vaccination increases the number of HPV-specific CD8 T cells in the genital mucosa, but not in the spleen, leading to stronger antitumor activity than the HPV DNA vaccine alone. Conclusions: Our findings provide an important insight into the immunomodulatory role of IL7-Fc via topical application and the design of therapeutic vaccine regimen that induces effective genital–mucosal CD8 T-cell responses. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5898–908. ©2016 AACR.
Effect of erythromycin onShigellainfection of Caco-2 cells (2000)

Erythromycin (EM), one of the macrolides, shows a dose-dependent effect on Shigella flexneri invasion of Caco-2 cells even at concentrations less than the minimum inhibitory concentration (subMIC). LS13, a strain of S. flexneri 1b, invaded Caco-2 cells in vitro. When the strain was treated with subMIC of EM, the invasion efficiency decreased. The carrier rate of the invasion plasmid containing virulence genes was reduced by EM treatment, as determined by the colony pigmentation test on Congo red agar plates. Presence of the invasion plasmid was found to increase susceptibility of the organisms to EM. The growth of virulent organisms carrying the invasion plasmid was inhibited at 25 microg ml(-1) of EM, whereas the growth of organisms without the plasmid was inhibited at 100 microg ml(-1) of EM. This was supported by the finding that the MIC of EM for a virulent isolate of S. flexneri 2a YSH6000 (6.25 microg ml(-1)) and for the mutant strain del-17 (50 microg ml(-1)), carrying the type III apparatus, impaired plasmid. These findings suggested that EM passed through the type III apparatus and suppressed the growth of invasive organisms selectively. This mechanism may account for the clinical effect of EM on shigellosis.
Misleading energy and performance claims in sub/near threshold digital systems (2010)

Many of us in the field of ultra-low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> processors experience difficulty in assessing the sub/near threshold circuit techniques proposed by earlier papers. This paper investigates five major pitfalls which are often not appreciated by researchers when claiming that their circuits outperform others by working at a lower V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> with a higher energy-efficiency. These pitfalls include: i) overlook the impacts of different technologies and different V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> definitions, ii) only emphasize energy reduction but ignore severe throughput degradation, or expect impractical pipelining depth and parallelism degree to compensate this throughput degradation, iii) unrealistically assume that memory's V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> and energy could scale as well as standard cells, iv) use the highest temperature as the worst timing corner as in the super-threshold, but in fact negative temperature becomes much more detrimental in the sub/near threshold regime, v) pursue just-in-need V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> to compensate effects of PVT, but without considering the high energy loss on DC-DC converters. Therefore, the actual energy benefit from using a sub/near threshold V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> can be greatly overestimated. This work provides some design guidelines and silicon evidence to ultra-low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> systems. The outlined pitfalls also shed light on future directions in this field.
Measurement of effective index change with UV-induced Bragg gratings and applications (2004)

A method of Bragg gratings written in silica-on-silicon planar waveguides to be used to monitor the overall uniformity of the waveguides and grating processing is presented. By measuring the shift of Bragg wavelength with UV exposure time, the initial effective index <i>n</i><sub><i>Oeff</i></sub> and birefringence B<sub>0</sub> of the planar waveguides are measured accurately. With one phase mask, Bragg gratings induced on different waveguides with widths that vary from 4.6 to 8.8 &#956;m, result in variations of N<sub>Oeff</sub> and &beta;<sub>O</sub> of 1.5 x 10<sup>-3</sup>/&mu;m and 1 x 10<sup>-4</sup>/&mu;m, respectively. The result is used as a way of improving control over the waveguide dimensions obtained from the photolithographic and RIE processes, and optimizing the design of ridge waveguide structures to compensate the waveguide birefringence. This will improve the quality of the PLCs that include symmetric Bragg grating structures: MZI-OADM etc. By writing Bragg gratings on the linear taper planar waveguide, a chirped grating response is realized.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles decrease inflammation in J774 cells (2008)

The use of nanomaterials in biological systems has gained attention due to the unique properties that these materials possess. Cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) is a rare earth oxide that, on the nanomolar scale, has been reported to exhibit antioxidant properties. Cerium oxide acts as a regenerative free radical scavenger due to its valence and oxygen defects. In this study, we investigated the ability of CeO 2 nanoparticles to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediator production in J774 murine macrophage cells in vitro . J774 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of CeO 2 nanoparticles 24 hr prior to LPS/IFN‐γ stimulation. Our results showed that J774 cells internalized CeO 2 particles as assessed by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The cerium particles localized around the mitochondria, a major producer of ROS in the cell. Treatment with CeO 2 at concentrations under 1 uM caused no toxicity. Cerium oxide pretreated cells, when stimulated with LPS/IFN‐γ, showed decreased oxidative stress. Furthermore, CeO 2 pretreatment decreased inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α in LPS/IFN‐γ stimulated cells. Taken together, these studies suggest that cerium oxide nanoparticles are effective in reducing ROS and inflammatory mediator production, and may constitute a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of inflammation.
Broadband Optical limiter Using Carbonblack Suspensions In CS2 (2002)

A report on the braodband optical limiter using carbon-black suspensions (CBS) in carbon disulfide was presented. The CBS were tested in the cascaded optical limiter at several wavelengths across the visible to determine the wavelength dependence of the CBS. The laser source used was a nanosecond optical parametric oscillator producing pulses of 3-4 ns duration.
A rapid and simple single‐step method for the purification of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites (2020)

This study describes a simple method for the large-scale isolation of pure Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites. T. gondii tachyzoites were obtained from infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and peritoneal exudates of mice, while tissue cysts containing bradyzoites were collected from chronically infected mice. Harvested cells and brain tissues were incubated in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), containing 0.25% trypsin and 0.5% taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC) for 5 min. Subsequent washes in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were conducted, and the cell viability of the preparations was good, as determined by flow cytometry and ability to reinfect HFF cells and propagate in mice. The purification procedure allowed for a rapid preparation of pure T. gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites in sufficient quantity that can be used for downstream procedures. The advantage of the new method is that it is convenient and inexpensive.
Cognitive interference alignment between small cells and a macrocell (2012)

Small cells have attracted large interest lately in the research community, mainly due to easy and quick deployment. In addition, a large number of small cells is in general more energy efficient than macrocells since less power is required to combat path loss and get across the wireless medium. However, in current network configurations these two types of cells have to coexist over the same spectrum because existing cellular systems are mainly based on macrocells and additional bandwidth for small cell deployments is scarce and too expensive to acquire. In this context, this contribution investigates an underlay cognitive communication technique which exploits interference alignment across multiple antennas in order to mitigate the interference of small cell User Terminals (UTs) towards the macrocell Base Station (BS). More specifically, three techniques for aligning interference are investigated, namely static, coordinated and un-coordinated. The system performance is evaluated and compared based on sum-rate capacity, primary rate protection ratio and primary to secondary rate ratio.
Expression of VIP and somatostatin receptors on human breast cancer cells (1995)

Leimer, M.; Yang, Q.; Kurtaran, A.; Li, S. R.; Gisinger, J.; Neuhold, N.; Angelberger, P.; Valent, P.; Virgolini, I. Author Information
Imaging of Arthroplasties: Improved Image Quality and Lesion Detection With Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction, a New CT Metal Artifact Reduction Technique (2016)

The iMAR technique provided more accurate attenuation values, better image quality, and less streak artifact near hip and shoulder arthroplasties than FBP; iMAR also increased observer ability and confidence to detect pathologic lesions near arthroplasties in a phantom model.
Subpopulations of liver coated vesicles resolved by preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. (1986)

Rat liver clathrin coated vesicles (CVs) were separated into several distinct subpopulations using non-sieving concentrations of agarose, which allowed the separation of species differing primarily in surface charge. Using preparative agarose electrophoresis (Kedersha, N. L., and L. H. Rome, 1986, Anal. Biochem., in press), the CVs were recovered and analyzed for differences in morphology, coat protein composition, and stripped vesicle protein composition. Coat proteins from different populations appeared identical on SDS PAGE, and triskelions stripped from the different populations showed the same mobility on the agarose gel, suggesting that the mobility differences observed in intact CVs were due to differences in the surface charge of underlying vesicles rather than to variations in their clathrin coats. Several non-coat polypeptides appeared to segregate exclusively with different populations as resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Stripped CVs also exhibited considerable heterogeneity when analyzed by Western blotting: the fast-migrating population was enriched in the mannose 6-phosphate receptor, secretory acetylcholine esterase, and an Mr 195,000 glycoprotein. The slow-migrating population of CVs was enriched in the asialoglycoprotein receptor, and it appeared to contain all detectable concanavalin A-binding polypeptides as well as the bulk of detectable WGA-binding proteins. When CVs were prepared from 125I-asialoorosomucoid-perfused rat liver, ligand was found in the slow-migrating CVs, suggesting that these were endocytic in origin. Morphological differences were also observed: the fast-migrating population was enriched in smaller CVs, whereas the slow-migrating population exhibited an enrichment in larger CVs. As liver consists largely of hepatocytes, these subpopulations appear to originate from the same cell type and probably represent CVs of different intracellular origin and destination.
Data from Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Protects Prostate Cancer Cells from Stress-Induced Apoptosis via Both Smad and c-Jun NH<sub>2</sub>-Terminal Kinase Pathways (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;We reported earlier that exposure to exogenous bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) could strongly inhibit serum starvation–induced apoptosis to C4-2B cell line, a variant of the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line with propensity for bone metastasis. Whereas serum starvation suppressed the expression of survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, its expression was sustained in the presence of BMP7. In this study, we present evidence that BMP7 exposure up-regulated survivin promoter activity, an effect that was associated with activation of Smad, and could be repressed by dominant-negative Smad5. Additionally, serum starvation–induced suppression of c-jun NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in C4-2B cells could be mostly restored by BMP7, and a JNK inhibitor could counteract the antiapoptotic effect of BMP7, without a significant effect on the level of survivin expression. Thus, we identified JNK pathway as another signaling mode for the antiapoptotic function of BMP7. To test the effect of endogenous up-regulation of BMP7, we genetically modulated the C4-2B cell line to overexpress BMP7 protein. Not only was this altered cell line resistant to serum starvation–induced apoptosis but it also exhibited patterns of Smad activation, survivin up-regulation, and JNK activation similar to those of the parental C4-2B cells exposed to exogenous BMP7. Consistent with these &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; findings of BMP7 action, we acquired correlative results of Smad activation, survivin expression, and JNK activation in the progression of prostate cancer in the conditional &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; deletion mouse model, in which we first obtained the evidence of BMP7 overexpression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4285-90)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;