gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Go Beyond Plain Fine-Tuning: Improving Pretrained Models for Social Commonsense (2021)

Pretrained language models have demonstrated outstanding performance in many NLP tasks recently. However, their social intelligence, which requires commonsense reasoning about the current situation and mental states of others, is still developing. Towards improving language models' social intelligence, in this study we focus on the Social IQA dataset, a task requiring social and emotional commonsense reasoning. Building on top of the pretrained RoBERTa and GPT2 models, we propose several architecture variations and extensions, as well as leveraging external commonsense corpora, to optimize the model for Social IQA. Our proposed system achieves competitive results as those top-ranking models on the leaderboard. This work demonstrates the strengths of pretrained language models, and provides viable ways to improve their performance for a particular task.
Dual-band branch-line hybrid with distinct power division ratio over the two bands (2012)

This article presents a novel methodology for the design of transmission line-based dual-band branch-line hybrid with distinct power division over any two specified frequencies. These distinct power divisions at specified frequencies are achieved while keeping the quadrature relation intact at both the frequencies. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a prototype of dual-band uneven branch-line hybrid operating at 1960 and 3500 MHz has been designed for use in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) applications. The designed hybrid possesses equal power division in the WCDMA band and 3-dB unequal power division in the WiMax band. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.
802.11 "decrypted" (2005)

This short paper introduces wireless IEEE 802 standards and activities with a focus on explaining the purpose of the many 802.11 amendments.
Hemodynamic and metabolic correspondence of resting-state voxel-based physiological metrics in healthy adults (2022)

Voxel-based physiological (VBP) variables derived from blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI time-course variations include: amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Although these BOLD-derived variables can detect between-group (e.g. disease vs control) spatial pattern differences, physiological interpretations are not well established. The primary objective of this study was to quantify spatial correspondences between BOLD VBP variables and PET measurements of cerebral metabolic rate and hemodynamics, being well-validated physiological standards. To this end, quantitative, whole-brain PET images of metabolic rate of glucose (MRGlu; <sup>18</sup>FDG) and oxygen (MRO<sub>2</sub>; <sup>15</sup>OO), blood flow (BF; H<sub>2</sub><sup>15</sup>O) and blood volume (BV; C<sup>15</sup>O) were obtained in 16 healthy controls. In the same subjects, BOLD time-courses were obtained for computation of ALFF, fALFF and ReHo images. PET variables were compared pair-wise with BOLD variables. In group-averaged, across-region analyses, ALFF corresponded significantly only with BV (R = 0.64; p < 0.0001). fALFF corresponded most strongly with MRGlu (R = 0.79; p < 0.0001), but also significantly (p < 0.0001) with MRO<sub>2</sub> (R = 0.68), BF (R = 0.68) and BV (R=0.68). ReHo performed similarly to fALFF, with significant strong correspondence (p < 0.0001) with MRGlu (R = 0.78), MRO<sub>2</sub> (R = 0.54), and, but less strongly with BF (R = 0.50) and BV (R=0.50). Mutual information analyses further clarified these physiological interpretations. When conditioned by BV, ALFF retained no significant MRGlu, MRO<sub>2</sub> or BF information. When conditioned by MRGlu, fALFF and ReHo retained no significant MRO<sub>2</sub>, BF or BV information. Of concern, however, the strength of PET-BOLD correspondences varied markedly by brain region, which calls for future investigation on physiological interpretations at a regional and per-subject basis.
Resistance to ketolide antibiotics by coordinated expression of rRNA methyltransferases in a bacterial producer of natural ketolides (2015)

Ketolides are promising new antimicrobials effective against a broad range of Gram-positive pathogens, in part because of the low propensity of these drugs to trigger the expression of resistance genes. A natural ketolide pikromycin and a related compound methymycin are produced by Streptomyces venezuelae strain ATCC 15439. The producer avoids the inhibitory effects of its own antibiotics by expressing two paralogous rRNA methylase genes pikR1 and pikR2 with seemingly redundant functions. We show here that the PikR1 and PikR2 enzymes mono- and dimethylate, respectively, the N6 amino group in 23S rRNA nucleotide A2058. PikR1 monomethylase is constitutively expressed; it confers low resistance at low fitness cost and is required for ketolide-induced activation of pikR2 to attain high-level resistance. The regulatory mechanism controlling pikR2 expression has been evolutionary optimized for preferential activation by ketolide antibiotics. The resistance genes and the induction mechanism remain fully functional when transferred to heterologous bacterial hosts. The anticipated wide use of ketolide antibiotics could promote horizontal transfer of these highly efficient resistance genes to pathogens. Taken together, these findings emphasized the need for surveillance of pikR1/pikR2-based bacterial resistance and the preemptive development of drugs that can remain effective against the ketolide-specific resistance mechanism.
Partnering with governments and other institutions: driving change in diabetes care (2007)

The human and material cost of type 2 diabetes is a cause of increasing concern for health professionals, representative organisations and governments worldwide. The scale of morbidity and mortality has led the United Nations to issue a resolution on diabetes, calling for national policies for prevention, treatment and care. There is clearly an urgent need for a concerted response from all interested parties at the community, national and international level to work towards the goals of the resolution and create effective, sustainable treatment models, care systems and prevention strategies. Action requires both a 'bottom-up' approach of public awareness campaigns and pressure from healthcare professionals, coupled with a 'top-down' drive for change, via partnerships with governments, third sector (non-governmental) organisations and other institutions. In this review, we examine how existing collaborative initiatives serve as examples for those seeking to implement change in health policy and practice in the quest to alleviate the health and economic burden of diabetes. Efforts are underway to provide continuous and comprehensive care models for those who already have type 2 diabetes; in some cases, national plans extend to prevention strategies in attempts to improve overall public health. In the spirit of partnership, collaborations with governments that incorporate sustainability, long-term goals and a holistic approach continue to be a driving force for change. It is now critical to maintain this momentum and use the growing body of compelling evidence to educate, inform and deliver a long-term, lasting impact on patient and public health worldwide.
Polyhedral Superconducting Cavity for Particle Accelerators (2009)

A polyhedral cavity design is being developed for particle accelerators, with particular potential application to future linac colliders. In essence it is a polyhedral analog of a multi-cell cavity, but the beam's eye view of the boundaries is a polyhedron instead of a figure of revolution. A multi-cell cavity string is formed as a Roman arch assembly of polyhedral wedges; each wedge has its inner surface contoured to form the ellipsoidal shape desired for the accelerating mode. The polyhedral cavity design has been studied numerically and several significant results are reported. Its Q should be comparable to that of a TESLA cavity. The joints between wedge segments offer the possibility to internally suppress all dipole-type higher-order modes by intercepting and terminating azimuthal currents. The Nb surface is provided as a thin foil bonded to a solid copper wedge machined to the desired contour. The wedge provides stiff support so Lorentz detuning is largely eliminated, and the superfluid refrigeration could be integrated within the wedges so no pool cryostat is required.
Blue Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes Achieved with Over 30% External Quantum Efficiency (2019)

Abstract Two heteroleptic blue phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes are synthesized based on the main C ^ N chelate bipyridine ligands, with either a 4‐positon ( 1 ) or 5‐position ( 2 ) of bulky trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituent, and acetylacetonate (acac) as an ancillary ligand. Their structure–electroluminescent property relationships are systematically investigated. Both complexes have strong intermolecular interactions via C–H···F and π–π interactions that affect the performance of phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Complex 1 possesses fewer intermolecular interactions than complex 2 based on the Hirshfeld analysis. The combination of TMS substituent and acac ligand decreases the energy gap relative to the nonsubstituted counterpart: Ir(dfpypy)(acac), where dfpypy is 2′‐6′‐difluoro‐2,3′‐bipyridine. Blue PHOLEDs which use both complexes as a dopant, and 9‐(3‐(9 H ‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐9 H ‐carbazol‐3‐yl)diphenylphosphine oxide as a host material, are fabricated successfully. Complex 1 has the highest performance among the reported blue PHOLEDs without co‐host, making it an outstanding blue triplet emitter in PHOLEDs with over 30% of external quantum efficiency. Furthermore, the efficiency roll‐off dramatically improved in the 1 ‐based device.
Localized adherence and attaching-effacing properties of nonenteropathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli (1991)

Traditional enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes demonstrate a plasmid-mediated localized adherence in cultured HeLa or HEp-2 cells and induce an attaching-effacing intestinal lesion, both of which are considered pathognomonic and causes of diarrhea. This study describes three E. coli strains from infantile diarrhea which share these properties but belong to serotypes (O2:H2, O2:H25 and O15:H2) not considered enteropathogenic.
Regions that influence acoustic propagation in the sea at moderate frequencies, and the consequent departures from the ray-acoustic description (2006)

In the limit where a transient signal is comprised of very large frequencies, spatial regions within an inhomogeneous medium that influence the propagation from a source to a receiver lie along one or more ray paths. At lower frequencies for which the geometrical acoustic approximation is of borderline applicability, the regions that influence such transient signals are extended because of diffraction. Previous research has addressed the numerical determination of those spatial regions that influence propagation at low frequency. The present paper addresses the question of how high the center frequency need be so that the regions of influence are nearly described as ray paths for a model ocean in which the speed of sound increases nearly linearly with depth from a perfectly reflecting surface. Computations indicate that near 2500Hz and at a range of 50km, the region of influence resembles a ray. Noticeable departures from the ray picture are found at a range of 500km. Various physical and mathematical causes for the departures from the ray propagation model for lower frequencies and for greater ranges are identified and discussed.
Development of a CNS-permeable reactivator for nerve agent exposure: An iterative, multi-disciplinary approach (2021)

Abstract Nerve agents have experienced a resurgence in recent times with their use against civilian targets during the attacks in Syria (2012), the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in the United Kingdom (2018) and Alexei Navalny in Russia (2020), strongly renewing the importance of antidote development against these lethal substances. The current standard treatment against their effects relies on the use of small molecule-based oximes that can efficiently restore acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Despite their efficacy in reactivating AChE, the action of drugs like 2-pralidoxime (2-PAM) is primarily limited to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and, thus, provides no significant protection to the central nervous system (CNS). This lack of action in the CNS stems from their ionic nature that, on one end makes them very powerful reactivators and on the other renders them ineffective at crossing the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) to reach the CNS. In this report, we describe the use of an iterative approach composed of parallel chemical and in silico syntheses, computational modeling, and a battery of detailed in vitro and in vivo assays that resulted in the identification of a promising, novel CNS-permeable oxime reactivator. Additional experiments to determine acute and chronic toxicity are ongoing.
A Security Mechanism for Remote Monitoring System Security using Smartphone (2012)

This paper proposes a security mechanism for remote monitoring system through a combination between user's password and random number by using SMS service over 3G networks. By using random number and phone number, this mechanism is not only able to provide robust security from replay attack and dictionary attack but also provide an efficiency user authentication method. Based on above idea, we have designed and developed secure remote control system. Developed remote monitoring system is for applying more security into monitor procedure inside factory using mobile node. This approach provides more enhanced security than existing mechanisms that only use ID/PW as an authentication method. Keywords-component; Remote monitoring system; Smartphone; Security event; Security alarm
Unshackled: Hawai’i’s Innovative New Power Purchase Agreements for Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Projects [Technology Leaders] (2022)

Island power systems around the world are, in many ways, leading the power industry in developing strategies for accommodating high levels of variable, weather-dependent generating resources. These systems often have relatively high energy costs associated with serving their loads with traditional fossil resources. As such, they are highly motivated to simultaneously reduce their energy costs and emissions footprints with renewables. The successes of these islands can show the way forward, not only for other islands, but ultimately for large, interconnected power systems. In additional to technical advances, innovations in business arrangements can provide equally important learning for the entire industry. Here we examine one such innovation.
Renal cell carcinoma in the Wistar-Lewis rat: a model for studying the mechanisms of cholesterol acquisition by a tumor in vivo. (1986)

Renal adenocarcinoma implanted into isogeneic Wistar-Lewis rats closely resembles human renal cancer. This paper characterizes the tumor's growth rate, metastatic potential, and its light and electron microscopic appearance. Additionally, for the first time, the pathways through which a tumor acquires the cholesterol needed for growth were quantified in vivo. Two 1-mg pieces of renal carcinoma were implanted beneath the renal capsule of 80 Wistar-Lewis rats. Of the implanted tumors 95% "took" and grew rapidly, doubling every 2.6 days initially. Growth slowed, however, to a doubling time of 8.3 days by the fifth wk. Twenty rats underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor 5 wk after implantation. Of these, 85% subsequently developed lung metastases. Histologically, the tumor had a clear-cell appearance due to the presence of large vacuoles, some of which contained glycogen. The esterified cholesterol content of the tumor was 3-fold higher than normal kidney during the initial period of rapid tumor growth and increased to a 14-fold elevation by 12 wk. The normal kidney in vivo had a high rate of uptake of cholesterol carried in low density lipoproteins and a low rate of de novo sterol synthesis. In contrast, the renal carcinoma lost most of its low density lipoprotein uptake activity and, instead, acquired the cholesterol needed for growth by a 5-fold increase in the rate of de novo cholesterol synthesis. This model may prove valuable in both testing therapeutic strategies directed against human renal cancer and understanding the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in a growing cancer.
Study on the N<sub>2</sub>O Formation under Low Temperature Condition in Pulverized Biomass Combustion (2013)

The purpose of this study is to clarify the fundamental and general features of N2O formation during the combustion of pulverized biomass under low temperature. First, the effect of various important factors, i.e., combustion temperature, volatilization process (i.e., either slow or rapid dispersion), and nitrogen content in biomass on N2O formation were investigated by numerical analysis. The analysis of the effect of combustion temperature on the formation of nitrous oxide showed that N2O emission level increases with the decrease in combustion temperature, and both N2O and NO levels are strongly dependent on the combustion temperature. In other words, there is a trade-off relationship between the formation of NO and that of N2O. The analysis of the effect of the slow/rapid volatilization process on the formation of nitrous oxide showed that the conversion ratio of biomass-N to N2O increases with the decrease in the dispersion of volatile matter per unit time; it means that biomass-N is effectively converted to N2O during slow volatilization. Further, the gasification reactions among CO2, O2, and C occur simultaneously on the surface of biomass particles during combustion. With respect to the effect of nitrogen content in biomass, the N2O emission level increases with the increase in N-content of the biomass, while the NO emission level remains constant during low-temperature combustion.
Massive Planar Antenna Arrays for Physical Layer Security (2019)

The need for physical layer security techniques is increasing rapidly with the significant rise in the number of devices connected to the internet. In this paper, physical layer security using massive planar antenna arrays is investigated to secure the communication between two parties in the presence of an eavesdropper. Different scenarios are studied assuming the presence of a passive eavesdropper at a known location. Some of the subarrays of the massive planar antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver are used to send jamming signals towards the eavesdropper to improve security. To measure the system secrecy, the secrecy capacity between the transmitter and receiver is derived and different schemes are studied considering their effect on the secrecy capacity. The simulation results show that when jamming signals are sent to the eavesdropper, the secrecy capacity improves significantly, and the eavesdropper is unable to obtain considerable useful information. Therefore, the use of massive MIMO for joint transmission and jamming is an important physical layer security technique to combat a passive eavesdropper.
Recovery of Testicular Blood Flow Following Ligation of Testicular Vessels (1989)

To determine whether initial ligation of the testicular vessels of the high undescended testis followed by a delayed secondary orchiopexy is a viable alternative to the classical Fowler-Stephens procedure, a series of preliminary experiments were conducted in the rat in which testicular blood flow was measured by the 133xenon washout technique before, and 1 hour and 30 days after ligation of the vessels. In addition, testicular histology, and testis and sex-accessory tissue weights were measured in 6 control, 6 sham operated and 6 testicular vessel ligated rats 54 days after vessel ligation. The data demonstrate that ligation and division of the testicular blood vessels produce an 80 per cent decrease in testicular blood flow 1 hour after ligation of the vessels. However, 30 days later testis blood flow returns to the control and pre-treatment value. There were no significant changes in testis or sex-accessory tissue weights 54 days after vessel ligation. Histologically, 4 of the surgically operated testes demonstrated necrosis of less than 25 per cent of the seminiferous tubules while 1 testis demonstrated more than 75 per cent necrosis. The rest of the tubules in all 6 testes demonstrated normal spermatogenesis. From this study we conclude that initial testicular vessel ligation produces an immediate decrease in testicular blood flow but with time the collateral vessels are able to compensate and return the testis blood flow to its normal pre-treatment value. These preliminary observations lend support for the concept that initial ligation of the testicular vessels followed by a delayed secondary orchiopexy in patients with a high undescended testis may be a possible alternative to the classical Fowler-Stephens approach.
Antithrombotic properties of sulfated wood-derived galactoglucomannans (2011)

Abstract Galactoglucomannans (GGMs) are water-soluble polysaccharides released and accumulated in process waters in the production of thermomechanical pulp. The general trend in the forestry industry is moving towards bio-refineries, for example utilizing these hemicelluloses as bioactive substances. At present, there is no industrial use of wood-derived mannans. In this study, GGMs extracted from thermomechanical pulp, as well as further carboxymethyl-ated galactoglucomannans (CM-GGMs), were sulfated to increase their antithrombotic properties. The products were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and capillary electrophoresis. The carbohydrate composition and sulfur amounts were determined. The products’ total charges were determined by polyelectrolyte titrations and their antithrombotic effect was measured based on the activated partial thromboplastin time. The results showed a significant increase in the antithrombotic effect of the sulfated galactoglucomannans from spruce wood and thus a potential new use for wood-derived mannans.
P‐9: Study of the Origin of Major Donor States in Oxide Semiconductor (2014)

Abstract The investigation of donor states is an important issue for characteristics and reliability of FETs. We succeeded in identifying the origin of donor states of InGaZnO through experiments and calculations. In addition, the number of photomasks is reduced by applying this mechanism.