gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrically-Motivated Primary-Ambient Decomposition With Center-Channel Extraction (2022)

A geometrically-motivated method for primary-ambient decomposition is proposed and evaluated in an up-mixing application. The method consists of two steps, accommo-dating a particularly intuitive explanation. The first step consists of signal-adaptive rotations applied on the input stereo scene, which translate the primary sound sources into the center of the rotated scene. The second step applies a center-channel extraction method, based on a simple signal model and optimal in the mean-squared-error sense. The performance is evaluated by using the estimated ambient component to enable surround sound starting from real-world stereo signals. The participants in the reported listening test are asked to adjust the audio scene envelopment and find the audio settings that pleases them the most. The possibility for up-mixing enabled by the proposed method is used extensively, and the user satisfaction is significantly increased compared to the original stereo mix.
On the modeling of fluctuation-induced phenomena in inhomogeneous geometries (2015)

We describe some preliminary results on a fluctuating volume-current formulation of non-equilibrium fluctuations in inhomogeneous media. The proposed framework generalizes the recently developed power formulas for volume integral equation formulations, in order to facilitate applications including radiative heat transfer, Casimir forces, and fluorescence, in arbitrary geometries.
NUMERICAL METHOD FOR GENERATING THE ENTIRE PARETO FRONTIER IN MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION (2005)

In multidisciplinary optimization a designer solves a problem where there are different criteria usually contradicting each other. In general, the solution of such a problem is not unique. When seeking an optimal design, it is natural to exclude from the consideration any design solution which can be improved without deterioration of any discipline and violation of the constraints; in other words, a solution which can be improved without any trade-off. It leads to the Pareto optimal solutions. Mathematically, each Pareto point is a solution of the multidisciplinary optimization problem. Yet, it is important that the Pareto set is evenly distributed otherwise the representation of the Pareto surface may become inefficient. Although there are many numerical methods for vector optimization, only a few are able to generate the entire set of optimal solutions (Pareto frontier). It is very important for the decision maker, especially at the early design stages when most of the resources are committed, to be able to obtain maximum information on the Pareto surface at a minimal cost. The Physical Programming (PP) Method, suggested by Messac, is able to generate Pareto points on both convex and non-convex Pareto frontiers. The PP is substantially modified to make it simpler and more efficient for generating an even Pareto set. The algorithm does not provide non-Pareto solutions while local Pareto solutions may be easy recognized and removed in the framework of this method.
Semantic Mapping for View-Invariant Relocalization (2019)

We propose a system for visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) that combines traditional local appearance-based features with semantically meaningful object landmarks to achieve both accurate local tracking and highly view-invariant object-driven relocalization. Our mapping process uses a sampling-based approach to efficiently infer the 3D pose of object landmarks from 2D bounding box object detections. These 3D landmarks then serve as a view-invariant representation which we leverage to achieve camera relocalization even when the viewing angle changes by more than 125 degrees. This level of view-invariance cannot be attained by local appearance-based features (e.g. SIFT) since the same set of surfaces are not even visible when the viewpoint changes significantly. Our experiments show that even when existing methods fail completely for viewpoint changes of more than 70 degrees, our method continues to achieve a relocalization rate of around 90%, with a mean rotational error of around 8 degrees.
Glycans in metabolic origins of common disease (106.3) (2014)

Acquired alterations of protein glycosylation can cause disease. For example, the GnT‐4a enzyme produces an N‐glycan linkage essential for pancreatic beta cell glucose transport, glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and physiological glucose tolerance. Acquired deficiency of GnT4a occurs in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in the obesity‐associated mouse model of T2D. Beta cell glucose transporters lacking GnT‐4a glycosylation are internalized and degraded, resulting in glucose intolerance, loss of GSIS, and insulin resistance. Enforced beta cell‐specific GnT‐4a expression protects obese mice from diabetes in large part by maintaining glucose transporters at the plasma membrane. A computational model of glucose transport was recently developed that identified a metabolic threshold crossed in T2D whereby diminished glucose transport disrupts glycolysis. These findings have provided a foundation for novel approaches to prevent obesity‐associated diabetes. Yet it is unclear why species have conserved a mechanism eliminating pancreatic beta cell glucose transport and impairing cellular functions. It is known that fasting leads to glucose intolerance and the loss of GSIS. We have hypothesized that beta cell GnT‐4a function may be diminished during fasting as an advantageous response to impending starvation. Metabolic parameters measured during fasting indicate that down modulation of GnT‐4a is an advantageous mechanism of thrift to prolong survival during famine. When induced over long periods of time during nutrient and lipid excess as in obesity, this mechanism becomes pathogenic and causes diabetes.
Mill Scales Blended Polymer Composites For Electrical Insulation Application (2018)

Standalone composite films were prepared using modified polyester as a binder and waste iron oxides (mill scales) collected from a steel plant as inorganic filler. The morphology, structure, composition, strength and electrical insulation properties of polymer-iron composites were studied using various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) test, particle size analysis and electrical insulation test. The mill scales collected from the hot strip rolling mill (HSM) have found to comprise three different phases such as wustite, magnetite and hematite. Composites prepared using mill scales were showing three times higher strength compared to the mother polymer film. Electrical insulation of these composites were found to increase in the range of 55-230 MV/mm with increasing iron oxide content from 0.0125 g to 0.25 g in 2.5 g polymer. These results show a potential research field on the mill scales based composites for various advanced applications in improving insulation behaviour of materials which can withstand at higher temperatures and electrical stresses.
Toward a Working Mechanism of Fuel Oxidation in SOFCs: In Situ Optical Studies of Simulated Biogas and Methane (2015)

Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have potential as highly efficient, clean, and sustainable electricity sources. However, the current, limited state of understanding of the complex electrochemical processes that occur at the anode in these systems, particularly those that lead to anode carbon formation and degradation, are roadblocks to effective cell design and operation. A suite of noninvasive, in situ optical techniques has been developed to help identify these processes. Vibrational Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy (FTIRES), and near-infrared thermal (NIR) imaging, along with electrochemical measurements, provide surface and gas-phase molecular-specific diagnostics with the requisite temporal, spatial, and thermal resolution to correlate in operando observations with model chemical mechanisms associated with oxidation and carbon formation on Ni-based, anode-supported cells. This present work expands upon earlier in operando studies to fully assess the performance of commercially available Ni-YSZ anode SOFCs from 700 to 800 °C and to provide a more comprehensive description of the anode chemistry involved. Methane and simulated biogas (BG) are used as fuel. Raman measurements show that carbon grows minimally only at the lower operational temperatures for BG; however under methane, carbon formation occurs at all temperatures. Subsequent electrochemical oxidation of deposited carbon revealed that carbon formation under both fuels varies differently as a function of temperature. FTIRES measurements show that COx constituents increase with cell polarization only under methane fuel; this effect changes with temperature. NIR imaging indicates that the Ni anode surface cools significantly when cells are operated at 800 °C relative to 700 °C under BG, and only minimal cooling is observed when operating with methane.
Advanced negative i-line resist development on metal surfaces for next-generation lithography mask fabrication (1999)

Development of next generation mask technology requires the use of several different metallic materials. As a result, it is necessary to develop resist processes which offer a combination of good resolution and adhesion for each surface. In this study, Ultra i-300, a high resolution, chemically amplified, negative i-line resist was evaluated for use with several metal substrate materials. The metal films in the evaluation include: Cr, TaSi, TaSiN, and TiW. Early tests with Ultra i-300 using a baseline process optimized for silicon, provide very poor adhesion on these metal films. Several approaches were used to solve this problem including pre-application dehydration bakes, modified processing bakes, surface pretreatments, and use of anti-reflective coatings. Adjustment of the soft bake/post bake temperatures greatly improved adhesion, but resulted in severe standing waves and/or poor processing latitude. Significant improvements were achieved using AR2-600 a DUV anti-reflective coating (ARC) with a modified bake process. This eliminated standing waves, improved adhesion, and provided the best resolution and processing latitude. Other ARCs were also evaluated in an attempt to further optimize the process. Although the goal of this study was to develop a resist process for next generation mask technology, the results are applicable wherever it is desirable to use a negative i-line resists on metallic substrates.
Automatic detection and automatic classification of structures in astronomical images (2014)

The study of the astronomical structures is important to the astronomical community because it can help to identify objects, which can be classified based on their internal structure or their relation to other objects. For this reason, it is developed an automated tool to analyze astronomical images into its components. Firstly, a 2D images is decomposed into different spatial scales based on wavelet transform. Then, it is implemented a detection algorithms to each spatial scale, such as Clumpfind, Gaussclump, or Dendrogram techniques. The goal is to build a new algorithm and tool that is available to the community and satisfies the requirements of the next Chilean Virtual Observatory (ChiVO).
Etude algorithmique et conception d'architectures dédiées à la reconstruction 3D d'images médicales (2008)

electronic version (8 pp.)
Single-Dose Primaquine in a Preclinical Model of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Implications for Use in Malaria Transmission-Blocking Programs (2016)

Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (G6PDd) are at risk for developing hemolytic anemia when given the antimalarial drug primaquine (PQ). The WHO Evidence Review Group released a report suggesting that mass administration of a single dose of PQ at 0.25 mg of base/kg of body weight (mpk) (mouse equivalent of 3.125 mpk) could potentially reduce malaria transmission based on its gametocytocidal activity and could be safely administered to G6PD-deficient individuals, but there are limited safety data available confirming the optimum single dose of PQ. A single-dose administration of PQ was therefore assessed in our huRBC-SCID mouse model used to predict hemolytic toxicity with respect to G6PD deficiency. In this model, nonobese diabetic (NOD)/SCID mice are engrafted with human red blood cells (huRBC) from donors with the African or Mediterranean variant of G6PDd (A-G6PDd or Med-G6PDd, respectively) and demonstrate dose-dependent sensitivity to PQ. In mice engrafted with A-G6PD-deficient huRBC, single-dose PQ at 3.125, 6.25, or 12.5 mpk had no significant loss of huRBC compared to the vehicle control group. In contrast, in mice engrafted with Med-G6PDd huRBC, a single dose of PQ at 3.125, 6.25, or 12.5 mpk resulted in a significant, dose-dependent loss of huRBC compared to the value for the vehicle control group. Our data suggest that administration of a single low dose of 0.25 mpk of PQ could induce hemolytic anemia in Med-G6PDd individuals but that use of single-dose PQ at 0.25 mpk as a gametocytocidal drug to block transmission would be safe in areas where A-G6PDd predominates.
Label-free chip-based evanescent light scattering super-resolution and superior-contrast optical microscopy (cELS) (2021)

Chip-based Evanescent Light Scattering (cELS) utilizes the multiple modes of a high-index contrast optical waveguide for near-field illumination of unlabeled samples, thereby repositioning the highest spatial frequencies of the sample into the far-field. The multiple modes scattering off the sample with different phase differences is engineered to have random spatial distributions within the integration time of the camera, mitigating the coherent speckle noise. This enables label-free superior-contrast imaging of weakly scattering nanosized specimens such as extra-cellular vesicles (EVs) and liposomes, dynamics of living HeLa cells etc. The article explains and validates experimentally the physics behind cELS by demonstrating a multi-moded straight waveguide as a partially coherent light source. For isotropic super-resolution, spatially incoherent light engineered via multiple-arms waveguide chip and intensity-fluctuation based algorithms are used. The proof-of-concept results are demonstrated on 100 nm polystyrene beads and resolution improvement of close to 2X is shown. cELS also realizes (2-10)X more contrast as opposed to conventional imaging techniques. In addition, cELS platform is miniaturized and enables large field-of-view imaging compared to state of the art label-free techniques. cELS holds a potential for label-free super-resolution imaging of nanosized biological specimens at high-throughput.
Keratinocyte senescence effects on differentiation and migration in a skin equivalent (2009)

Keratinocyte telomere shortening has been demonstrated in autologous skin grafts from burn patients. Telomere shortening leads to keratinocyte replicative senescence in vitro. Wound healing is clearly delayed in telomerase knockout mice with telomere dysfunction. Our goal was to test the effect of keratinocyte replicative senescence on differentiation and migration using a human skin equivalent model. 14 day old skin equivalents were wounded using an excimer laser, then cultured for another 14 days. Tissues were harvested at various time points after wounding. Paraffin sections were stained to determine morphology and protein expression. Results were compared to early‐passage keratinocyte controls. Skin equivalents with aged keratinocytes showed reduced stratification, proliferation, and laminin‐5 staining in the basement membrane. Stratification proteins were unchanged. Interestingly, keratinocyte migration was accelerated. Decreased basement membrane staining and accelerated keratinocyte migration might be explained by increased matrix metalloproteinase expression, which will be determined later. Our previous studies suggest these changes can be rescued by telomerase.
GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment (2013)

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101, 069 individuals and a replication sample of 25, 490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R2 â‰ˆ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for â‰ˆ2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.
A Single Reactive Noncanonical Amino Acid is Able to Dramatically Stabilize Protein Structure (2018)

A p-isothiocyanate phenylalanine mutant of the homodimeric protein homoserine o-succinyltransferase (MetA) was isolated in a temperature dependent selection from a library of metA mutants containing noncanonical amino acids. This mutant protein has a dramatic increase of 24 °C in thermal stability compared to the wild type protein. Peptide mapping experiments revealed that the isothiocyanate group forms a thiourea cross-link to the N terminal proline of the other monomer, despite the two positions being >30 A apart in the X-ray crystal structure of the wild type protein. These results show that an expanded set of building blocks beyond the canonical 20 amino acids can lead to significant changes in the properties of proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Large‐Scale Synthesis of 5‐Methoxyflavone and Its Application to Analogue Preparation. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Origin of apparent resonance mode splitting in bent long-period fiber gratings (2006)

The wavelength-selective attenuation notches generated by UV-induced long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) have been shown to shift in wavelength and change in depth if the LPFG is bent along a curved path. Additionally, the notches frequently appear to "split" into two when the LPFG is curved. These effects have successfully allowed the realization of bend-sensing devices. Publications to date have not yielded a satisfactory physical interpretation for the apparent mode splitting. In this paper, it is shown that the spectral changes witnessed in curved LPFGs are the result of changes in the cladding-mode profiles in a bent fiber. The modes of a curved three-layer optical fiber numerically were determined and these fields are used to show that the uniform UV-induced perturbation allows coupling between the fundamental core mode and both symmetric and antisymmetric cladding modes when the fiber is curved, whereas coupling to only symmetric modes is allowed in the straight fiber. Coupling to these new modes is at the origin of new attenuation notches, which have been misinterpreted so far as mode splitting. Published devices' attenuation-notch wavelength shifts, apparent splitting, and relative depths are all well described using these changes in cladding-mode profiles.
Electrophoretic Mobility-Shift Assays (2013)

In an electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA, or simply "gel shift"), a (32)P-labeled DNA fragment containing a specific DNA site is incubated with a cognate DNA-binding protein. The protein-DNA complexes are separated from free (unbound) DNA by electrophoresis through a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel. The protein retards the mobility of the DNA fragments to which it binds. Thus, the free DNA will migrate faster than the DNA-protein complex. An image of the gel is used to reveal the positions of the free and bound radiolabeled DNAs.
Stability Analysis and Full-Scale Test of Traffic Barrier–Moment Slab System (2008)

Traffic barriers that can resist vehicle impact without being tied to a structure are needed at the top of mechanically stabilized earth walls. These barriers are usually constructed in an L-shape so that the impact load on the vertical part of the L can be resisted by the inertia force necessary to uplift the horizontal part of the L. The design load for such barriers has changed from 44.5 kN (10 kips) to 240 kN (54 kips) over the past decade. This increase has created concern about which load should be used. This paper contributes to answering that question. It shows the results of analytical solutions to the problem as well as one static load test and two impact tests on the same full-scale barrier. The conclusions are that 44.5 kN (10 kips) is an equivalent static load and that the 240 kN (54 kips) is a peak-impact load. Analytical and experimental approaches are used to provide better understanding of the behavior of the barrier–moment slab system. Guidelines for the dimensions of the barrier– moment slab system are presented and justified on the basis of the work described.
Flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on tin oxide/reduced graphene oxide/bacterial nanocellulose (2018)

We demonstrate a flexible and light-weight supercapacitor based on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) incorporated with tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The SnO<sub>2</sub> and GO flakes are introduced into the fibrous nanocellulose matrix during bacteria-mediated synthesis. The flexible PEDOT:PSS/SnO<sub>2</sub>/rGO/BNC electrodes exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with a capacitance of 445 F g<sup>-1</sup> at 2 A g<sup>-1</sup> and outstanding cycling stability with 84.1% capacitance retention over 2500 charge/discharge cycles. The flexible solid-state supercapacitors fabricated using PEDOT:PSS/SnO<sub>2</sub>/rGO/BNC electrodes and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> coated BNC as a separator exhibited excellent energy storage performance. The fabrication method demonstrated here is highly scalable and opens up new opportunities for the fabrication of flexible cellulose-based energy storage devices.