gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layered-Division-Multiplexing: Theory and Practice (2016)

As the next generation digital TV (DTV) standard, the ATSC 3.0 system is developed to provide significant improvements on the spectrum efficiency, the service reliability, the system flexibility, and system forward compatibility. One of the top-priority requirements for the ATSC 3.0 is the capability to deliver reliable mobile TV services to a large variety of mobile and indoor devices. Layered-division-multiplexing (LDM) is a physical-layer non-orthogonal-multiplexing technology to efficiently deliver multiple services with different robustness and throughputs in one TV channel. A two-layer LDM structure is accepted by ATSC 3.0 as a baseline physical-layer technology. This LDM system is capable of delivering robust high-definition (HD) mobile TV and ultra-HDTV services in one 6 MHz channel, with a higher spectrum efficiency than the traditional time/frequency-division-multiplexing (T/FDM)-based DTV systems. This paper presents a detailed overview on the LDM technology, and its application in the ATSC 3.0 systems. First, the fundamental advantages of the LDM over the traditional TDM/FDM systems are analyzed from information theory point of view. The performance advantages of the LDM are then confirmed by extensive simulations of the ATSC 3.0 system. It is shown that, LDM can realize the potential gain offered by superposition coding over the TDM/FDM systems, by properly configuring the transmission power, channel coding, and modulation, and using different multiple antenna technologies in the multiple layers. Next, the efficient implementation of LDM in the ATSC 3.0 system is presented to show that the performance advantages of the LDM are obtained with small additional complexity. This is achieved by carefully aligning the transmission signal structure and the signal processing chains in the multiple layers. Finally, we show that the LDM can be further integrated with different multiple antenna technologies to achieve further transmission capacity.
A Conceptual Cortical Surface Atlas (2009)

Volumetric, slice-based, 3-D atlases are invaluable tools for understanding complex cortical convolutions. We present a simple scheme to convert a slice-based atlas to a conceptual surface atlas that is easier to visualize and understand. The key idea is to unfold each slice into a one-dimensional vector, and concatenate a succession of these vectors--while maintaining as much spatial contiguity as possible--into a 2-D matrix. We illustrate our methodology using a coronal slice-based atlas of the Rhesus Monkey cortex. The conceptual surface-based atlases provide a useful complement to slice-based atlases for the purposes of indexing and browsing.
Roles of Conserved Amino Acid Sequence Motifs in the SpoU (TrmH) RNA Methyltransferase Family (2005)

Transfer RNA (Gm18) methyltransferase (TrmH (SpoU)) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to the 2'-OH of guanosine 18 in tRNA. This enzyme is a member of the SpoU family of RNA methyltransferases. Recent computational researches have shown that three amino acid sequence motifs are conserved among the SpoU members. Recently, we determined the crystal structures of the apoand AdoMet bound forms of TrmH (Nureki, O., Watanabe, K., Fukai, S., Ishii, R., Endo, Y., Hori, H., and Yokoyama, S. (2004) Structure 12, 593-602). Furthermore, we clarified the AdoMet binding site and proposed the catalytic mechanism. Since the functions of the conserved amino acid residues in the motifs remain unknown, here we have prepared 17 mutants of TrmH and carried out various biochemical studies, including determination of the kinetic parameters for both AdoMet and tRNA, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine affinity chromatography, gel mobility shift assay, CD spectroscopy, and analytical gel filtration. Our results show that Asn(35), Arg(41), Glu(124), and Asn(152) are involved in binding tRNA and that the Asn(35) residue is involved in the release of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine. Several residues of TrmH are important for stability of the enzyme. Taken together, our biochemical studies reinforce the previously proposed catalytic mechanism. We also discuss amino acid substitutions in general within the SPOUT superfamily of methyltransferases.
Large-Scale Cognitive GWAS Meta-Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Neural Expression and Potential Nootropic Drug Targets (2017)

Here, we present a large (n = 107,207) genome-wide association study (GWAS) of general cognitive ability ("g"), further enhanced by combining results with a large-scale GWAS of educational attainment. We identified 70 independent genomic loci associated with general cognitive ability. Results showed significant enrichment for genes causing Mendelian disorders with an intellectual disability phenotype. Competitive pathway analysis implicated the biological processes of neurogenesis and synaptic regulation, as well as the gene targets of two pharmacologic agents: cinnarizine, a T-type calcium channel blocker, and LY97241, a potassium channel inhibitor. Transcriptome-wide and epigenome-wide analysis revealed that the implicated loci were enriched for genes expressed across all brain regions (most strongly in the cerebellum). Enrichment was exclusive to genes expressed in neurons but not oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. Finally, we report genetic correlations between cognitive ability and disparate phenotypes including psychiatric disorders, several autoimmune disorders, longevity, and maternal age at first birth.
Fabrication of suspended piezoelectric microresonators (1999)

Abstract A new process for realizing piezoelectric microdevices has been developed. Suspended piezoelectric clamped-clamped beam resonators have been fabricated using sol-gel deposited lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films as the piezoelectric material, platinum (Pt) as the top and bottom electrode, and silicon dioxide for the supporting beam structure. A five-mask process was used to fabricate the suspended resonators. The process flow included sol-gel PZT deposition, Pt sputter deposition, Pt and PZT argon ion milling, PZT wet and reactive ion etching (RIE), silicon deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), and oxide RIE. Both single-and triplebeam resonators were fabricated with beam widths of 15, 20, and 30 um and lengths of 200 and 400 um. Testing of the resonators produced resonant frequencies between 100 kHz and 1.2 MHz, depending on beam geometry.
Proviral Insertional Activation of c-erbB : Differential Processing of the Protein Products Arising from Two Alternate Transcripts (1988)

Proviral insertional activation of c-erbB results in the expression of two alternate transcripts (ENV+ and ENV-). We used cDNA clones representing the two alternate transcripts to generate stably transformed quail fibroblast cell lines which express the products of these transcripts independently. Analysis of the co- and posttranslational processing of the insertionally activated c-erbB products expressed in these cell lines revealed that the protein products of the ENV+ and ENV- transcripts were processed differently. The ENV+ transcript produced a primary translation product which was rapidly cotranslationally cleaved near the amino terminus to form a 79,000-Mr product. This protein product was efficiently converted to a higher-molecular-weight form, of between 82,000 and 88,000 (gp82-88), which was terminally glycosylated and expressed on the cell surface. A small portion of the ENV+ primary translation product underwent a second proteolytic cleavage to generate an unglycosylated 53,000-Mr species. In contrast, the primary translation product of the ENV- transcript, p80, was not proteolytically processed; this precursor form was rapidly converted to two discrete glycosylation intermediates, gp82 and go84. Only a small portion (less than 10%) of the total ENV- insertionally activated c-erbB product was slowly converted to the terminally glycosylated cell surface form, gp85-88. The processing differences that distinguished the ENV+ and ENV- products were similar to processing differences that we observed in parallel studies on the viral erbB products of the avian erythroblastosis viruses AEV-H and AEV-R, respectively. Since all four erbB protein products shared the same number, position, and sequence context of potential N-linked glycosylation sites, yet differed in the extent of their carbohydrate maturation, these data suggest that the mechanisms used by these truncated receptor molecules to associate with cellular membranes may be distinct.
Coupling between a point-defect cavity and a line-defect waveguide in three-dimensional photonic crystal (2003)

The properties of the coupling between a point-defect cavity and a line-defect waveguide in three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal are investigated theoretically using plane-wave expansion and 3D finite-difference time-domain methods. It is shown that for the symmetric structure where the point and line defects are on the same rod within the photonic crystal, a state is created in which the point- and line-defect modes are completely decoupled due to the mismatch in modal symmetry, while coupled states can be formed by introducing asymmetry. In these asymmetric structures, the strength of coupling between point- and line-defect modes is estimated as a function of the position of the end of the line-defect waveguide by estimating the quality factor of the point-defect cavity. The quality factor is found to oscillate with small changes in the position of the waveguide. For instance, the quality factor changes by a factor of up to $\ensuremath{\sim}1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ with small positional change. In addition, the quality factor and light extraction efficiency are estimated when the size of the photonic crystal is finite, as in experimental circumstances. These findings provide very useful design rules for controlling the transfer of light from the point-defect cavity to the line-defect waveguide. These coupling structures are thought to be an important component in 3D photonic crystal optical circuits.
Supplementary Figure 5 from TLR2 Agonist PSK Activates Human NK Cells and Enhances the Antitumor Effect of HER2-Targeted Monoclonal Antibody Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 83KB&lt;/p&gt;
Temporal resolution of visual processing in action video game players (2010)

Video game playing alters several visual skills and, in particular, leads to faster recovery of visual attention over time. Here, we investigate whether action video game playing changes the temporal resolution of visual processing. The effects of action video game playing on the temporal characteristics of visual processing were first tested by comparing gamers and non-gamers in a forward and backward masking paradigm (SOAs = ±120ms, ±90ms, and 0ms). The stimuli and design were similar to those of Polat & Sagi (in press) and consisted of a foveally-viewed Gabor patch target, which was either alone or masked collinearly by two flanking Gabor patches. The threshold contrast of the target was measured by a 2-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) staircase. Video game players showed reduced masking, especially backward masking; that is, gamers extracted visual information more readily than non-gamers. Critical flicker fusion thresholds (cff) were then compared between gamers and non gamers to assess whether this temporal advantage extends to other, low level visual functions. Cff for a circular 1° spot within a 2° steady surround, both at a mean luminance of 70 cd/m2, were measured with square wave flicker and a 2AFC staircase. That cffs for gamers were reliably higher than for non-gamers suggests differences in temporal resolution at a low level in the visual pathway. These results establish that the visual processing of avid action video game players has different temporal characteristics, but whether action game playing causes such a change remains to be determined.
Determination of Nonlinear Optical Efficiencies of Ultrahigh-Q Photonic Crystal Nanocavities with Structural Imperfections (2021)

Ultrahigh-quality (Q) photonic nanocavities offer a great possibility for the enhancement of nonlinear optical efficiency at low-input light due to the long light–matter interaction in their tiny spaces. However, the determination of nonlinear optical efficiency in ultrahigh-Q nanocavities remains unclear, which may hinder the understanding of nonlinear optics and extension to various applications of unusual light generation and all-optical processing in miniaturized optical devices. Here, we determine experimentally and theoretically the second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency in ultrahigh-Q photonic-crystal nanocavities. It is found that the random nanometer-scale imperfections in the fabricated cavity cause a large uncertainty in the estimation of SHG efficiency. Reliable SHG efficiencies are obtained through statistical analysis of the imperfections and reduction of the uncertainty in the measurement. Finally, we achieve a record-high SHG efficiency of 4000%/W in the cavity with an ultrahigh-Q factor of 7.1 × 105, which is in good agreement with theory. These results provide a new step toward the further enhancement of various nonlinear optical effects in nanophotonics.
Cottonseed Oilcake as a Protein Source in Feeds for Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Antinutritional Effects and Potential Detoxification by Iron Supplementation (2011)

Crude cottonseed oilcake, a protein-rich by-product of cottonseed oil production, was used to replace fishmeal in diets for juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Crude cottonseed oilcake was included in the diets at levels of 0% (control), 15%, 30%, and 45%, as an alternative protein source. The impact of the main antinutritional component of cottonseed oilcake, gossypol, on growth and its chronic adverse effects on blood hematocrit and tissue histology were assessed and compared with the documented effects of cottonseed meal. The detoxifying effect of iron (Fe) on gossypol was evaluated in the diets containing 30% and 45% cottonseed oilcake, which were supplemented with ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. As the rate of oilcake rose, the specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio slightly, but significantly, dropped. Ferrous supplementation compensated for this effect in the 30% diet, but not in the 45% diet. However, iron supplementation led to mild inflammation in the intestine (infiltration of neutrophilic granulocytes), fatty degeneration of the liver, and a lower hepatosomatic index. Nevertheless, due to the beneficial effect on growth, iron supplementation is critical. No histopathological effects of the dietary cottonseed oilcake were observed in the gills, gonads, or heart. In conclusion, the effects of cottonseed oilcake supplementation were moderate when compared to the effects of cottonseed meal and a replacement level of 15-30% is recommended to obtain non-detectable effects.
Achievable rate optimization for coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP) in cloud-based RAN architecture (2014)

In this paper, we consider Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) in a cloud-based radio access network (RAN), where each coordinating access point compresses its observation using distributed Wyner-Ziv compression and forwards the compressed signal to the receiving processing unit. We map this architecture to the multiple-relay compress-and-forward (CF) problem, derive the achievable rate of such a system and then show that the achievable rate can be maximized by optimizing the distributed compression rate at each individual coordinating point in a joint manner. An iterative optimization algorithm is proposed and numerical results indicate that compared with other coordinating schemes, when the channel between the coordinating points and the processing unit is strong, using distributed compression can effectively improve the spectrum efficiency.
An extracellular zinc metalloprotease gene of Burkholderia cepacia (2003)

Burkholderia cepacia produces at least one extracellular zinc metalloprotease that may be involved in virulence. A B. cepacia zinc metalloprotease gene was cloned using a Burkholderia pseudomallei zinc metalloprotease gene as a probe. The predicted amino acid sequences of these B. cepacia and a B. pseudomallei extracellular zinc metalloproteases indicate that they are similar to the thermolysin-like family of metalloproteases (M4 family of metalloendopeptidases) and they are likely to be secreted via the general secretory pathway. zmpA isogenic mutants were constructed in B. cepacia genomovar III strains Pc715j and K56-2 by insertional inactivation of the zmpA genes. The zmpA mutants produced less protease than the parent strains. The B. cepacia strain K56-2 zmpA mutant was significantly less virulent than its parent strain in a chronic respiratory infection model; however, there was no difference between the virulence of B. cepacia strain Pc715j and a Pc715j zmpA mutant. The results indicate that this extracellular zinc metalloprotease may play a greater role in virulence in some strains of B. cepacia.
Zeolitic catalytic conversion of alcohols to hydrocarbons (2023)

A method for converting an alcohol to a hydrocarbon, the method comprising contacting said alcohol with a metal-loaded zeolite catalyst at a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. and up to 550.degree. C., wherein said alcohol can be produced by a fermentation process, said metal is a positively-charged metal ion, and said metal-loaded zeolite catalyst is catalytically active for converting said alcohol to said hydrocarbon.
Highlights of SIM 2022 [IEEE News] (2023)

Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.
<title>Dual-color polymer light-emitting pixels processed by hybrid inkjet printing</title> (1998)

We present a successful demonstration of controllable patterning of dual-color polymer light-emitting pixels using a hybrid inkjet printing technique. In this demonstration, the polymer buffer layer is a wide bandgap, blue emitting semiconducting polymer (PPP-NRt<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>), prepared by the spin-casting technique. The inkjet printed layer is a red-orange semiconductor polymer, (MPS-PPV) which was printed onto the buffer layer.When a proper solvent was selected, MPS-PPV diffused into the buffer layer and efficient energy transfer took place from the PPP-NEt<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> to the MPS-PPV generating a red-orange photoluminescence and electroluminescence from the inkjet printed sites. Based on this principle, blue and orange-red dual-color polymer light-emitting pixels were fabricated on the same substrate. The use of this concept represents an entirely new technology for fabricating polymer multicolor displays with high-resolution, lateral patterning capability.
Microstructural Changes at the Ultra-Precision Raster Milled Surface of Zn-Al Based Alloy (2008)

The microstructural changes and phase decomposition at the surface of a ultra-precision raster milled Zn-Al based alloy were studied using optical microscopy, back-scattered electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The phase decomposition and the related crystal orientation were examined after ultra-precision raster milling with various processing parameters. UPRM induced phase decomposition and the structural recovery were discussed in relation to the structural evolution of the chips. The effect of UPRM on the hardness of the surface of the alloy specimen was studied.
T‐helper‐ and accessory‐cell‐independent cytotoxic responses to human tumor cells transfected with A B7 retroviral vector (1994)

As a means to increase the immunogenicity of tumor cells, we have developed a retroviral vector to transfect human B7, a molecule capable of delivering co-stimulatory signals to T cells. Three different tumors, a melanoma, an ovarian carcinoma and a myelomonocytic leukemia, were transfected with high efficiency. When compared for their capacity to stimulate allogeneic T cells, B7+ but not B7- tumor cells were able to stimulate strong proliferative and cytotoxic responses. The effector CTL generated recognised B7+ and B7- cells as well as untransfected tumor cells, indicating that B7 is required in the inductive but not the effector phase of the response. Remarkably, B7+ tumor cells were able to induce cytotoxic responses both by CD4-depleted and by CD8-purified T cells, demonstrating that expression of B7 is at the same time necessary and sufficient to induce a cytotoxic response in the absence of T-helper cells and accessory cells.
Optical Fiber Sensor-Fused Additive Manufacturing and Its Applications in Residual Stress Measurements (2017)

This paper reports optical fiber embedded in Ti-6Al-4V components using active manufacturing process. Thermal-induced residual stress on the sensor-embedded parts was measured using Rayleigh scattering distributed sensing scheme with 5-mm spatial resolutions.
Dclk1 facilitates intestinal tumor growth via enhancing pluripotency and epithelial mesenchymal transition (2014)

Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1) is overexpressed in many cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC) andit specifically marks intestinal tumor stem cells. However, the role of Dclk1 in intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc mutant conditions is still poorly understood. We demonstrate that Dclk1 expression and Dclk1+ cells are significantly increased in the intestinal epithelium of elderly ApcMin/+ mice compared to young ApcMin/+ mice and wild type mice. Intestinal epithelial cells of ApcMin/+ mice demonstrate increased pluripotency, self-renewing ability, and EMT. Furthermore, miRNAs are dysregulated, expression of onco-miRNAs are significantly increased with decreased tumor suppressor miRNAs. In support of these findings, knockdown of Dclk1 in elderly ApcMin/+ mice attenuates intestinal adenomas and adenocarcinoma by decreasing pluripotency, EMT and onco-miRNAs indicating that Dclk1 overexpression facilitates intestinal tumorigenesis. Knocking down Dclk1 weakens Dclk1-dependent intestinal processes for tumorigenesis. This study demonstrates that Dclk1 is critically involved in facilitating intestinal tumorigenesis by enhancing pluripotency and EMT factors in Apc mutant intestinal tumors and it also provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Real-Time Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics of Dye Z907 on a Flat Mimic of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell TiO2 Photoelectrodes (2014)

A dye molecule monolayer formed on a TiO2 surface is a key component in dye-sensitized solar cells. It is usually formed by adsorbing dye molecules from a solution. The dye layer should absorb as much solar light as possible and convert the light to photoelectrons, which are injected into the TiO2 conduction band. For that purpose the dye molecules should adsorb on TiO2 with appropriate molecular orientation and close packing. We measured adsorption and desorption kinetics of dye Z907 on thin compact TiO2 films in real time using indirect nanoplasmonic sensing. From kinetic curves, we derived adsorption and desorption rate constants in a direct way, which has not been done for such systems previously. We then derived the equilibrium adsorption constant from both kinetics (by the ratio of the adsorption and desorption rate constants) and from a measured Langmuir isotherm obtained experimentally using the same method, the same sample, and the same experiment. The two values are in reasonably good agreement considering possible error sources; our approach thus constitutes an effective method of determining more reliable equilibrium constants for dye–TiO2 systems. Furthermore, by measuring a series of intermittent adsorption–desorption steps, we found successively less desorption at a given coverage after each rinsing step and conclude that there are different binding states and that reorganization of the dye molecules on the TiO2 surface occurs over rather long time scales. The rearrangement process seems to accelerate by intermittent rinsing and associated desorption of loosely bound molecules. The results suggest that the detailed conditions for the dye impregnation kinetics can be used to optimize the dye layer.