gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Separation of Arginine Vasopressin Peptide Diastereoisomers by HPLC (1980)

Abstract Experimental conditions and parameters involved in HPLC separations of the peptide hormone arginine vasopressin and some of its diastereoisomers on several reverse phase columns were investigated. The effects of percent carbon loading on an octadecyl reverse phase column, carbon chain length of the bonded phase, concentration of the buffer, and organic solvent were examined. Using the appropriate solvent systems, arginine vasopressin was separated from each of its diastereoisomers with most solvent systems studied, but the order of elution of the diastereoisomers was dependent on the column employed. Separation of the peptides was only part of the goal. A continuing study to understand the interactions of the peptides with the stationary phase as a function of structure was also undertaken. This lead to the conclusion that the choice of column as well as solvent affect the separation of peptide diastereoisomers and that both the eluting strength of the mobile phase and the stationary phase chemical composition must be considered.
Miniaturisation d'antenne par utilisation de capacité MIM à base de couche mince La-Ti-O (2013)

National audience
Physical Properties of Normal Grade Biodiesel and Winter Grade Biodiesel (2011)

In this study, optical and thermal properties of normal grade and winter grade palm oil biodiesel were investigated. Surface Plasmon Resonance and Photopyroelectric technique were used to evaluate the samples. The dispersion curve and thermal diffusivity were obtained. Consequently, the variation of refractive index, as a function of wavelength in normal grade biodiesel is faster than winter grade palm oil biodiesel, and the thermal diffusivity of winter grade biodiesel is higher than the thermal diffusivity of normal grade biodiesel. This is attributed to the higher palmitic acid C(16:0) content in normal grade than in winter grade palm oil biodiesel.
300 W Peak Power Picosecond Optical Pulse Generation by Blue-Violet GaInN Mode-Locked Laser Diode and Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (2012)

We have generated picosecond optical pulses with a peak power greater than 300 W at 1 GHz repetition at a blue-violet wavelength using a GaInN-based master oscillator power amplifier. The optical pulses were generated by a mode-locked laser diode incorporating the flared waveguide structure for the increased active region volume to obtain higher output power. The pulses were effectively amplified by the semiconductor optical amplifier with reduced optical confinement factor to high peak power.
Results of the X-PECT study: A phase III randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of perifosine plus capecitabine (P-CAP) versus placebo plus capecitabine (CAP) in patients (pts) with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). (2012)

LBA3501 Background: Perifosine (P) is an oral, synthetic alkylphospholipid that inhibits or modifies signal transduction pathways including AKT, NFkB and JNK. A randomized phase II study examined P-CAP vs. CAP in pts with 2nd or 3rd line mCRC. This study showed improvement in mTTP (HR 0.254 [0.117, 0.555]) and mOS (HR 0.370 [0.180,0.763]). Based on these results, a randomized phase III study of P-CAP vs. CAP with a primary endpoint of overall survival (OS) in pts with refractory mCRC was initiated. Methods: The study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized phase III trial. Eligible pts had mCRC which was refractory to all standard therapies. Pts randomized 1:1 to Arm A = P-CAP (P 50 mg PO QD + CAP 1000 mg/m 2 PO BID d1-14) or Arm B = CAP (placebo + CAP 1000 mg/m2 PO BID d 1-14). Cycles were 21 days. Baseline tumor block collection and a biomarker cohort of pts with pre- and on-treatment tumor and blood samples were performed. Results: Between 3/31/10 and 8/12/11, 468 pts were randomized, 234 pts were in each arm. Baseline demographics were balanced between the arms: age &lt; 65y (A: 65%, B: 58.5%), male (A: 57.7%, B: 53.0%), ECOG PS 0 (A: 39.7%, B: 39.7%), K-ras mutant (A: 50.4%, B: 51.3%), and median number of prior therapies (A: 4, B: 4). As of 3/19/12, median follow up was 6.6 months. Median overall survival: Arm A = 6.4 mo, Arm B = 6.8 mo, HR 1.111 [0.905,1.365], p = 0.315. Median overall survival for K-ras WT pts: Arm A = 6.6 mo, Arm B = 6.8 mo, HR 1.020 [0.763,1.365], p = 0.894; K-ras mutant pts: Arm A = 5.4 mo, Arm B = 6.9 mo HR 1.192 [0.890,1.596], p = 0.238. Conclusions: Despite promising randomized phase II data, this phase III study shows no benefit in overall survival adding perifosine to capecitabine in the refractory colorectal cancer setting. Response rate, progression free survival, and safety data will be presented. Biomarker analysis is pending to see if subgroups of patients may have potential benefit.
The effect of Ta on the magnetic thickness of permalloy (Ni81Fe19) films (2000)

The effect of Ta and Ta/Cu seed layers, and Ta and Cu cap layers on the effective magnetic thickness of ultrathin permalloy (Ni81Fe19) was investigated for MRAM applications. The films were deposited by Ion Beam Deposition. The magnetic moment of each as-deposited permalloy film was measured using a B-H looper and a SQUID magnetometer. The films were further annealed at either 525 K for 1/2 h or 600 K for 1 h to study the effect of thermally driven interdiffusion on the magnetic moment of the permalloy film. Our theoretical calculations showed that the presence of 12% intermixing at the interface reduces the Ni moments to zero. Experimentally, it was shown that the tantalum rather than the copper interfaces are primarily responsible for the magnetically dead layers. The Ta seed layer interface produces a loss of moment equivalent to a magnetically dead layer of thickness 0.6±0.2 nm. The Ta metal in the cap layer results in a loss of moment equivalent to a dead layer of thickness 1.0±0.2 nm. Upon annealing, thermally driven interdiffusion is concluded to have a strong effect on the Ta(seed)/ Ni81Fe19 as-deposited interface, based on the doubling of the magnetically dead layer to 1.2±0.2 nm. The Ni81Fe19/Ta(cap) as-deposited interface slightly increases its equivalent magnetically dead layer upon annealing to 1.2±0.2 nm. As-deposited interfaces of Ta(seed)/permalloy and permalloy/Ta(cap) are not chemically equivalent and result in different magnetically dead layers, whereas after annealing to 600 K both interfaces attain comparable intermixing and magnetically dead layers. It was also shown that a half-hour anneal at the lower 525 K annealing temperature, which is closer to the actual processing temperature, results in only slight increase of the magnetically dead layer at both interfaces.
DSP Fundamentals and Implementation Considerations (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Digital Signals and Systems System Concepts Introduction to Random Variables Fixed-Point Representations and Quantization Effects Overflow and Solutions Experiments and Program Examples References Exercises
A lesion detection observer study comparing 2-dimensional versus fully 3-dimensional whole-body PET imaging protocols. (2004)

This study showed that, for this patient size and scanner type, the fully 3D acquisition mode allowed better or equivalent detection performance than the 2D mode for an injected dose corresponding to the peak fully 3D NEC rate. The 2D acquisition protocol combined with a higher injected dose resulted in the highest detectabilities.
A Microbiological Study of Recurrent Dentinal Caries (1994)

A cross-sectional microbiological study of recurrent (secondary) dentinal caries was conducted. Freshly extracted human teeth containing amalgam restorations judged to be clinically intact were scrubbed with chlorhexidine soap and soaked in povidone-iodine solution. The teeth were then split to remove the fillings and examined for dentinal caries. Of 54 teeth examined, 22 (40%) were free of dentinal caries in the restored site. The remainder were assigned to arbitrary groups of questionable (15), initial (8) and active caries (9), based on the amount of dentinal decay observed. Comparison of pre-extraction bite-wing radiographs with the in situ findings revealed the sensitivity for secondary caries detection to be only about 50%. In contrast, the specificity for absence of caries was 73%. There was considerable variation in the numbers and types of micro-organisms found in dentine samples from lesions of comparable severity. Facultatively, anaerobic streptococci were the most numerous and most prevalent micro-organisms in the affected dentine, but no single species was significantly associated with recurrent caries. Mutans streptococci were found in 40% of sites with any degree of caries and in only 3 of the 9 sites with the most caries. Homofermentative lactobacilli were present in 18 of the 54 dentine samples, including 4 from caries-free sites. While the prevalence and numbers of lactobacilli increased with the degree of caries, they occurred in less than half of the affected dentine samples. Actinomyces occurred in 15 of 32 affected sites but only in 2 of the 9 most active sites. Their numbers never exceeded 3 x 10(3) CFU/mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Use and Evaluation of a CD-ROM-Based Decision Aid for Prostate Cancer Treatment Decisions (2010)

The survival advantages associated with different treatments for localized prostate cancer (PCa) continue to be uncertain. We evaluated patients' use of an interactive CD-ROM-based decision aid designed to improve informed decision making about PCa treatment. Newly diagnosed, early-stage PCa patients who had not made a treatment decision completed a baseline telephone interview (N = 132), were mailed the CD-ROM, and completed a one-month follow-up interview (N = 120; 91%). Compared to non-users (21%), CD-users (79%) preferred to make an independent rather than a shared treatment decision (OR = 3.5, CI 1.2,10.5). The majority of users (63%-90%) responded positively regarding the length and clarity of the information. Further, 76% reported using the CD as much/more than other information sources. A preference for having less decisional control predicted greater satisfaction with the CD (F[7,87] = 4.75, p < .05). Electronic utilization data revealed that the topics most accessed concerned treatment information and that users spent over an hour using the CD (median = 72 minutes). This electronic educational tool was well-accepted by patients and may be particularly useful for patients who desire less control over their treatment decisions and who are less proactive in seeking information on their own.
Additively manufactured mesh-type titanium structures for cranial implants: E-PBF vs. L-PBF (2020)

A patient-specific titanium-reinforced calcium phosphate (CaP–Ti) cranial implant has recently shown promising clinical results. Currently, its mesh-type titanium structure is additively manufactured using laser beam powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Nevertheless, an electron-beam (E-PBF) process could potentially be more time efficient. This study aimed to compare the geometrical accuracy and mechanical response of thin titanium structures manufactured by L-PBF (HIPed) and E-PBF (as-printed). Tensile test (ø = 1.2 mm) and implant specimens were manufactured. Measurements by μCT revealed a deviation in cross-sectional area as compared to the designed geometry: 13–35% for E-PBF and below 2% for L-PBF. A superior mechanical strength was obtained for the L-PBF specimens, both in the tensile test and the implant compression tests. The global peak load in the implant test was 457 ± 9 N and 846 ± 40 N for E-PBF and L-PBF, respectively. Numerical simulations demonstrated that geometrical deviation was the main factor in implant performance and enabled quantification of this effect: 34–39% reduction in initial peak force based on geometry, and only 11–16% reduction based on the material input. In summary, the study reveals an uncertainty in accuracy when structures of sizes relevant to mesh-type cranial implants are printed by the E-PBF method.
Optimal Cooperative Power Allocation for Energy-Harvesting-Enabled Relay Networks (2015)

In this paper, we present a new power-allocation scheme for a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying-enhanced cooperative wireless system. While both the source node (SN) and relay node (RN) have limited energy storage, the SN can also draw power from the surrounding radio-frequency (RF) signals. In particular, we assume a deterministic RF energy-harvesting (EH) model under which the signals transmitted by the relay serve as the renewable energy source for the SN. The amount of harvested energy is known for a given transmission power value of the forwarding signal and channel condition between the SN and RN. To maximize the overall throughput while meeting the constraints imposed by the initially stored energy and the renewable RF energy source, an optimization problem is formulated and solved. Based on different harvesting efficiency values and channel conditions, closed-form solutions are derived to obtain the optimal joint source and relay power allocation. It is shown that, instead of demanding high on-grid power supply or high green energy availability, the system can achieve compatible or higher throughput by utilizing the harvested energy.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism of human skin fibroblasts during cellular aging. (1995)

The linoleic acid metabolism was studied in serially cultured human skin fibroblasts during 30 passages. Confluent cells were incubated with [U-14C]linoleic acid in serum free medium for 4 h after 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 passages. The labeled linoleic acid was rapidly incorporated in cell lipids, preferentially into phospholipids (80%), and the distribution within the lipid classes remained constant during the cell cycles. The rate of conversion of [14C]linoleic acid into long chain fatty acids varied with the number of passages. The formation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and of arachidonic acid decreased significantly from 12% to 5% (as % of incorporated linoleic acid) between 3 and 30 serial passages whereas the linoleic acid content increased in the cells from 68% to 83%. The results indicate that the desaturase activities decreased significantly during cellular aging of human skin fibroblasts.
Gut Microbiome Remains Static in Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders Patients Compared to Controls: Potential for Diagnostic Tools (2022)

Background: Functional Abdominal Pain disorders (FAPDs) are a group of heterogeneous gastrointestinal disorders with unclear pathophysiology. In children, FAPDs are more common in the winter months than summer months. The possible influence of school stressors has been proposed. Previously, our group showed differences in bacterial relative abundances and alpha diversity in the gut microbiome and its relationship with stressors in a cross-sectional evaluation of children suffering from FAPDs compared to a healthy control group. We present longitudinal data to assess whether the gut microbiome changes over school terms in the control and FAPDs groups. Methods: The longitudinal study included children with FAPDs (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 54). Gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as stool microbiome, were assessed in both groups. Stool samples were serially collected from all participants during both the school term and summer vacation. The stool samples were subjected to total genomic extraction, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. The gut microbiome was compared at school and during vacation. Other metrics, alpha diversity, and beta diversity, were also compared between the two school terms in every group. Results: In the healthy group, there were differences in microbiome composition between school terms and summer vacation. Conversely, we found no differences in the FAPDs group between the two terms. The healthy control group revealed differences (p-value < 0.05) in 55 bacterial species between the school term and vacation. Several of the differentially abundant identified bacteria were involved in short-chain fatty acids production (SCFAs), inflammation reduction, and gut homeostasis. Alpha diversity metrics, such as the Shannon index, were different in the control group and remained unchanged in the FAPDs group. Conclusion: Although preliminary, our findings suggest that the gut microbiome is static in FAPDs. This compares with a more dynamic healthy gut microbiome. Further studies are warranted to corroborate this and understand the interplay between stress, symptoms, and a less diverse and static microbiome. Future studies will also account for different variables such as diet and other patient demographic criteria that were missing in the current study.
A Wireless Platform for Energy Efficient Building Control Retrofits (2012)

Abstract : An advanced energy management and control system in an existing building in the Construction and Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) for Army at Urbana-Champaign (IL) was demonstrated. The medium-size office building underwent a retrofit of the HVAC system and controls employing a technology called optimal Model Predictive Control (MPC) which offers significant potential for saving energy by providing a means to dynamically optimize various sub-systems to take advantage of building utilization and weather patterns, and utility rate structures. A multi-variable optimization problem to minimize energy consumption and cost while guaranteeing zonal comfort over a 3 hour predictive horizon was formulated and solved periodically on line. The algorithms were integrated with the building automation system and evaluated experimentally at the demonstration site. A 45-50% reduction in HVAC system energy use was demonstrated while improving occupant comfort. A 10-15% installation cost reduction was accomplished due to the use of a robust wireless sensor network versus a fully wired network.
Acid-Catalyzed Cyclization of Vinylsilanes Bearing a Hydroxy Group:  A New Method for Stereoselective Synthesis of Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans1 (2000)

In the presence of a catalytic amount of TsOH or TiCl4, (Z)-5-silyl-4-penten-1-ols ((Z)-1) are smoothly cyclized to 2-silylmethyl-substituted tetrahydrofurans. This cyclization is applicable to the construction of a tetrahydropyran ring. The silyl group and the geometry of the C−C double bond strongly influence the cyclization rate. TBDMS and benzyldimethylsilyl groups considerably accelerate the cyclization in comparison with a dimethylphenylsilyl group, and (E)-vinylsilanes show much lower reactivity than the corresponding (Z)-isomers. The cyclization proceeds by stereospecific syn addition of the hydroxy group. Vinylsilanes 17, 19, and 21, (Z)-5-silyl-4-penten-1-ols bearing a substituent on the methylene tether, smoothly undergo the acid-catalyzed cyclization to give trans-2,5-, cis-2,4-, and trans-2,3-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans, respectively, with moderate to high stereoselectivity. The silyl group of some cyclized products can be easily converted into a hydroxy group with stereochemical retention.
Process control &amp; integration options of RMG technology for aggressively scaled devices (2012)

We report on aggressively scaled RMG-HKL devices, with tight low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> distributions [σ(V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Tsat</sub> ) ~ 29mV (PMOS), ~ 49mV (NMOS) at L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gate</sub> ~35nm] achieved through controlled EWF-metal alloying for NMOS, and providing an in-depth overview of its enabling features: 1) physical mechanisms, model supported by TCAD simulations and analysis techniques such as TEM, EDS; 2) process optimizations implementation: oxygen sources reduction, control of RF-PVD TiAl/TiN ratio and reduced H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gate</sub> , also impacting stress induced in the channel. Additional key features: 1) Al vs. W as fill-metal, with careful liner/barrier materials selection and tuning yielding well-behaved devices with tight R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gate</sub> distributions down to L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gate</sub> ~20nm, and enabling both PMOS and NMOS low-VT values for high aspect-ratio gates (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gate</sub> ~60nm, L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gate</sub> ≥30nm); 2) wet-etch vs. siconi clean for dummy-dielectric removal, with HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> post-deposition N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -anneal resulting in substantial BTI improvement without EOT or low-field/peak mobility penalty, and good noise response.
Monitoring and Control of MEMS Tunable Filters Using Inductive Proximity Sensing (2018)

This paper presents a monitoring and control system for MEMS tunable evanescent-mode cavity filters. Inductive proximity sensing is utilized to detect the deflection of the tuning MEMS membrane. The sensed deflection is used as a feedback for a closed-loop control of the MEMS bias voltage to deliver the desired deflection and, hence, desired RF response based on an input from the user. The sensing spiral inductor also functions as an electrode for the electrostatic actuation of the membrane. The presented system is analyzed, optimized, and experimentally implemented on a bandstop filter tunable in the 30–42-GHz range. The measured results show that the system is capable of tuning the filter to the desired response with good repeatability of notch frequency (less than 1% error) and with stable long-term response (better than 1.6% drift), which falls within the 20-dB bandwidth of the filter.
Near-field diffraction by a slit: implications for superresolution microscopy (1986)

The transmission of light through an infinite slit in a thick perfectly conducting screen is investigated. The spatial distribution of the near-field energy flux is determined through the formulation of four coupled integral equations, which are solved numerically. Transmission coefficients calculated by this method are in agreement with those determined by an alternative formulation. The results theoretically demonstrate the feasibility of near-field superresolution microscopy, in which the collimated radiation passed by an aperture is used to circumvent the diffraction limit of conventional optics, and further suggest the feasibility of near-field superresolution acoustic imaging.
Harmonic Voltage Reflection Analysis of UHF RFID Chips (2020)

In recent years, the exploitation of the nonlinear behavior of ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) chips has gained popularity. This article presents a measurement platform for the harmonic characterization of UHF RFID chips. The measurement of the incident and reflected wave at the RFID chip terminals is performed using a digital sampling oscilloscope (DSO). A novel signal-processing methodology is presented to extract time-domain reflection coefficient equivalents from a DSO measurement at the different load modulation states. Using a simultaneous measurement of the reflection coefficient with a vector network analyzer, the obtained measurement results were validated. Furthermore, a comparison to using real-time sampling and a power spectral density analysis is presented.