gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Function after Photorefractive Keratectomy by Excimer Laser. (1993)

年齢25～70歳で術前の不同視の程度が4.1D～7.1Dの,近視性不同視の症例4例4眼にエキシマレーザーによるPRK(photorefractive keratectomy)を施行し,術後の視機能を検討した.屈折は,術後6ヵ月時で平均4.3D遠視化し,狙いの矯正度数に対する達成率は平均109%で,不同視の程度は,平均5.8Dから1.5Dに改善した.視力は,矯正視力は殆ど変化なかったが,裸眼視力は大幅に改善した.コントラスト感度は,角膜上皮下混濁がピークの術後1～3ヵ月には術前のレベルより低下するが,角膜上皮下混濁がほぼ消失する術後6ヵ月には術前のレベルに回復した.コントラスト感度が低下しても,矯正視力は低下しなかった.エキシマレーザーによるPRKは,不同視の改善に有用であり,今後が期待されると思われるが,臨床導入の前に視機能への影響を十分に検討していく必要があると思われる.
Supplementary Figure 1 from GDC-0941, a Novel Class I Selective PI3K Inhibitor, Enhances the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Human Breast Cancer Models by Increasing Cell Death <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 89KB, FACS Analysis of HER2 Expression in MCF7-neo/HER2 Breast Cancer Cell Line.&lt;/p&gt;
In Situ Magnetic Control of Macroscale Nanoligand Density Regulates the Adhesion and Differentiation of Stem Cells (2020)

Developing materials with remote controllability of macroscale ligand presentation can mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling to regulate cellular adhesion <i>in vivo</i>. Herein, we designed charged mobile nanoligands with superparamagnetic nanomaterials amine-functionalized and conjugated with polyethylene glycol linker and negatively charged RGD ligand. We coupled negatively a charged nanoligand to a positively charged substrate by optimizing electrostatic interactions to allow reversible planar movement. We demonstrate the imaging of both macroscale and <i>in situ</i> nanoscale nanoligand movement by magnetically attracting charged nanoligand to manipulate macroscale ligand density. We show that <i>in situ</i> magnetic control of attracting charged nanoligand facilitates stem cell adhesion, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, with reversible control. Furthermore, we unravel that <i>in situ</i> magnetic attraction of charged nanoligand stimulates mechanosensing-mediated differentiation of stem cells. This remote controllability of ECM-mimicking reversible ligand variations is promising for regulating diverse reparative cellular processes <i>in vivo</i>.
Numerical Simulation of a Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Slurry Flowing in a Helical Coil Heat Exchanger (2013)

Heat transfer analysis of microencapsulated phase change material (MCPM) slurry flowing through a helical coil heat exchanger was carried out numerically. MPCM slurry at different mass fractions with known thermal and physical properties was chosen as heat transfer fluid (HTF). MPCM slurries can carry significantly higher thermal load when the PCM undergoes phase change within a specified temperature range. However, little is known as to how MPCM behave in helical coil heat exchangers. Helical coil heat exchangers are being used widely in many industrial applications including air conditioning systems due to their compactness and high thermal effectiveness. Enhancing the heat transfer rate of coil heat exchanger by using MPCM slurry without altering the existing parameters of coil heat exchangers such as shell diameter should lead to energy savings due to reductions in HTF pumping energy demands at identical heat loads. The ultimate goal of this study is to show a significant enhancement in heat transfer when MPCM slurry is pumped through helical coil heat exchangers. Unlike traditional HTF used in helical coil heat exchangers, the proposed MPCM slurry could alter the flow structure and the internal convection by inducing and enhancing the formation of secondary flows, as a result of phase change in the microencapsulated phase change material. Specifically, a three dimensional numerical study was undertaken to understand the effects of the helical coil heat exchanger geometry and the HTF flow characteristics on heat transfer enhancement. Baseline numerical simulations were conducted using water as HTF in order to compare with MPCM slurry numerical results. The numerical model was solved based on the finite volume method. The temperature-dependent properties of MPCM slurry and boundary conditions were considered. The promising results of this numerical study demonstrate the importance of formulated HTF and the geometry of the heat exchanger on the heat transfer enhancement and energy savings.
ChemInform Abstract: Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Synthesis of Zeolite Y. (1987)

Abstract The vibrational data of the solution and solid phases during zeolite Y formation indicate the presence of six‐membered aluminosilicate rings during nucleation, which act as building blocks.
Influence of different drying methods on microtensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin (2014)

This study suggests that dentin surface moisture has a crucial effect on the bond strength of SRCs.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Hydrated Imogolite. 1. Vibrational Dynamics of the Nanotube (2008)

An atomistic model of imogolite was defined and tested in molecular dynamics simulations. The model is based on the structure by Cradwick et al. (Nature, Phys. Sci. 1972, 240, 187). The interatomic interactions were defined by a generalized valence force field. As the experimental samples are mostly hydrated, water molecules were also included into the model. X-ray diffraction pattern computed from molecular dynamics trajectory well corresponds to the experimental one, thus confirming the validity of structural model. Calculation of the vibrational dynamics of imogolite nanotube shows a good overall agreement between the experimental and the calculated infrared and Raman spectra. The detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra leads to the conclusion that there exist strong couplings between internal coordinates preventing from the complete assignment of the observed bands to a particular coordinate or structural unit. These strong couplings also lead to the appearance of breathing vibrations involving in-phase displacements of all atoms at low frequencies. Origins of the Raman activity of some peaks are analyzed in detail.
Dynamic interferometry (2005)

The largest limitation of phase-shifting interferometry for optical testing is the sensitivity to the environment, both vibration and air turbulence. In many situations the measurement accuracy is limited by the environment and sometimes the environment is sufficiently bad that the measurement cannot be performed. Recently there have been several advances in dynamic interferometry techniques for reducing effects of vibration. This talk will describe and compare two dynamic interferometry techniques; simultaneous phase-shifting interferometry and a special form of spatial carrier interferometry utilizing a micropolarizer phase-shifting array.
Deep-Blue-Emitting Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Complexes Suited for Highly Efficient Phosphorescent OLEDs (2012)

We report on the design, synthesis, and characterization of four new heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes bearing 2′,6′-difluoro-2,3′-bipyridine and pyridyl-azole ligands. The photophysical properties and cyclic voltammetry of the complexes were also investigated. All compounds display highly efficient genuine blue phosphorescence (λmax ca. 440 nm), at room temperature in solution and in thin film, with quantum yield in the range 0.77–0.87 and 0.62–0.93, respectively. We found that introduction of the bulky tert-butyl substituents on the cyclometalated or azolated chelates can effectively reduce detrimental aggregation, which results in a loss of color purity. Comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approaches have been performed on the ground and excited states of the here reported complexes, in order to gain deeper insights into their structural and electronic features as well as to ascertain the nature of the excited states involved into the electronic absorption processes. Moreover, electron spin density analysis and total electron density difference at the lowest-lying triplet state (T1) were performed for shedding light onto the nature of the emitting excited state. Finally, the fabrication of the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), employing the bulkiest derivative among the here reported phosphorescent dopants, was successfully made. The devices exhibit remarkable maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 7.0%, in nonoptimized devices, and power efficiency (PE) of 4.14 lm W–1, together with a true-blue chromaticity CIEx,y = 0.159, 0.185 recorded at 300 cd m–2.
Synthesis of (-)-Phalarine (2010)

Phalarine is an indole-related alkaloid with interesting propeller-like interlocking ring systems. Danishefsky and co-workers previously published the racemic synthesis (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 1448) and, through mechanistic studies, have now circumvented the retro-Mannich reaction that previously gave the racemate.
High content flow cytometric micronucleus scoring method is applicable to attachment cell lines (2009)

A flow cytometric method for analyzing suspension cell cultures for micronucleus content has been previously reported (Avlasevich et al. [2006]: Environ Mol Mutagen 47: 56-66). The experiments described herein were undertaken to evaluate the compatibility of this method (In Vitro MicroFlow) with attachment cells. Initially, CHO-K1 cells were studied in nine independent experiments using mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the cell processing procedure, and also provided historical control data that were useful for setting criteria for making positive calls. Subsequently, CHO-K1 cells were treated with methyl methanesulfonate, mitomycin C, etoposide, vinblastine sulfate, dexamethasone, and sodium chloride. Whereas the four genotoxicants were each observed to increase micronucleus frequencies, the nongenotoxicants induced no such response up to cytotoxic concentrations. Following this initial work, inter-laboratory transferability was evaluated across three sites using a common cell staining and analysis protocol for CHO-K1 or V79 cells that had been treated with the ten chemicals listed in Annex 3 of the OECD Draft Proposal for a New Guideline 487: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test. With the exception of benzo[a]pyrene at one site, each laboratory observed increased micronucleus frequencies for the genotoxicants, whereas no significant induction occurred with the non-genotoxicants. Interestingly, the method appeared to distinguish between genotoxic modes of action, as only aneugens increased the average micronucleus fluorescence intensity and the frequency of hypodiploid nuclei. Collectively, these data suggest that flow cytometry is capable of providing reliable micronucleus counts, and that additional information is obtained that appears to discern genotoxic modes of action.
Human Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Cerebellar Ataxia: A Case Report (2021)

To date, there is no curable treatment option for non-hereditary degenerative cerebellar ataxia. Here we report the case of a patient with sporadic adult-onset ataxia (SAOA) who underwent allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy via the intrathecal route. A 60-year-old male patient visited our clinic complaining of progressive gait disturbance that commenced two years ago. Upon neurologic examination, the patient exhibited limb dysmetria and gait ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed cerebellar atrophy whereas the autonomic function test was normal. The patient was diagnosed with SAOA. The medications that were initially prescribed had no significant effects on the course of this disease and the symptoms deteriorated progressively. At the age of 64, the patient was treated with allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSC therapy. The subsequent K-SARA (Korean version of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia) scores demonstrated a distinct improvement up until 10 months post-administration. No adverse events were reported. The improved post-treatment K-SARA scores may suggest that the MSC therapy can have a neuroprotective effect and that stem cell therapy may serve as a potential therapeutic option for degenerative cerebellar ataxia.
Respiratory trace feature analysis for the prediction of respiratory-gated PET quantification (2014)

The benefits of respiratory gating in quantitative PET/CT vary tremendously between individual patients. Respiratory pattern is among many patient-specific characteristics that are thought to play an important role in gating-induced imaging improvements. However, the quantitative relationship between patient-specific characteristics of respiratory pattern and improvements in quantitative accuracy from respiratory-gated PET/CT has not been well established. If such a relationship could be estimated, then patient-specific respiratory patterns could be used to prospectively select appropriate motion compensation during image acquisition on a per-patient basis. This study was undertaken to develop a novel statistical model that predicts quantitative changes in PET/CT imaging due to respiratory gating. Free-breathing static FDG-PET images without gating and respiratory-gated FDG-PET images were collected from 22 lung and liver cancer patients on a PET/CT scanner. PET imaging quality was quantified with peak standardized uptake value (SUV(peak)) over lesions of interest. Relative differences in SUV(peak) between static and gated PET images were calculated to indicate quantitative imaging changes due to gating. A comprehensive multidimensional extraction of the morphological and statistical characteristics of respiratory patterns was conducted, resulting in 16 features that characterize representative patterns of a single respiratory trace. The six most informative features were subsequently extracted using a stepwise feature selection approach. The multiple-regression model was trained and tested based on a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. The predicted quantitative improvements in PET imaging achieved an accuracy higher than 90% using a criterion with a dynamic error-tolerance range for SUV(peak) values. The results of this study suggest that our prediction framework could be applied to determine which patients would likely benefit from respiratory motion compensation when clinicians quantitatively assess PET/CT for therapy target definition and response assessment.
Ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus (Harvey) Hommersand attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory and oxidative response by blocking the NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways (2021)

Objective: To investigate whether the ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus (Harvey) Hommersand, a type of red algae, could exhibit anti-inflammatory potential in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Methods: The ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus was applied to 100 ng/mL LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and cell viability, phagocytic ability, levels of pro-inflammatory factors, and the production of reactive oxygen species were measured. To identify the underlying mechanism of the ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus , the expression of inflammation-regulated genes was estimated. Results: The ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus had no cytotoxic effect at concentrations below 300 μg/mL, and reduced the LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2 . Furthermore, the extract markedly suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. The LPS-induced up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was attenuated by treatment with the ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus , reducing their extracellular secretion. The Chondracanthus tenellus extract also inhibited LPS-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, the phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt was markedly increased by LPS, which was significantly abolished by the Chondracanthus tenellus extract. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus exhibited potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through downregulating the NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Dioxetanes from Vinyl Aromatics. (1987)

Abstract The phosphite ozonide (II), which does not release 1O2 at ‐78 °C, reacts with (I) non‐stereospecifically at this temp. to give the aldehyde (V) with chemiluminescence.
Dose Response of Fish Oil Versus Safflower Oil on Graft Arteriosclerosis in Rabbit Heterotopic Cardiac Allografts (1991)

With the advent of cyclosporin A, accelerated coronary arteriosclerosis has become the major impediment to the long-term survival of heart transplant recipients. Due to epidemiologic reports suggesting a salutary effect of fish oil, the dose response of fish oil on graft coronary arteriosclerosis in a rabbit heterotopic cardiac allograft model was assessed using safflower oil as a caloric control. Seven groups of New Zealand White rabbits (n = 10/group) received heterotropic heart transplants from Dutch-Belted donors and were immunosuppressed with low-dose cyclosporin A (7.5 mg/kg/day). Group 1 animals were fed a normal diet and served as control. Group 2, 3, and 4 animals received a daily supplement of low- (0.25 mL/kg/day), medium- (0.75 mL/kg/day), and high- (1.5 mL/kg/day) dose fish oil (116 mg n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid/mL), respectively. Group 5, 6, and 7 animals were supplemented with equivalent dose of safflower oil (i.e., 0.25, 0.75, and 1.5 mL/kg/day). Oil-supplemented rabbits were pretreated for 3 weeks before transplantation and maintained on the same diet for 6 weeks after operation. The extent of graft coronary arteriosclerosis was quantified using computer-assisted, morphometric planimetry. When the animals were killed, cyclosporin A was associated with elevated plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the control group. While safflower oil prevented the increase in plasma lipids at all dosages, fish oil ameliorated the cyclosporin-induced increase in total cholesterol only with high doses. Compared to control animals, there was a trend for more graft vessel disease with increasing fish oil dose, as assessed by mean luminal occlusion and intimal thickness. A steeper trend was observed for increasing doses of safflower oil; compared to the high-dose safflower oil group, animals supplemented with low-dose safflower oil had less mean luminal occlusion (16.3% +/- 5.9% versus 41.4% +/- 7.6%, p less than 0.017) and intimal thickness (7.9 +/- 1.9 microns versus 34.0 +/- 13.0 microns, analysis of variance: p = 0.054). Low-dose safflower oil also had a slight, but nonsignificant, beneficial effect on graft vessel disease when compared to control rabbits. The same trends were observed in the degree of histologic rejection (0 = none to 3 = severe) in fish oil- and safflower oil-treated animals. Rejection score correlated weakly but significantly (p = 0.0001) with mean luminal occlusion (r = 0.52) and intimal thickness (r = 0.46). Therefore allograft coronary disease in this model appeared to exhibit an unfavorable, direct-dose response to fish oil and safflower oil, independent of effects on plasma lipids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Relationship between Neurite Density Measured with Confocal Microscopy in a Cleared Mouse Brain and Metrics Obtained from Diffusion Tensor and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (2017)

DKI accurately reflected neurite density in the area with crossing fibers, potentially allowing evaluation of complex microstructures.
Fine Pitch Die-to-Wafer Hybrid Bonding (2023)

Hybrid bonding is being evaluated for advanced packaging of 2.5 and 3D modules due to the enhanced scalability and performance (thermal, electrical and reliability) of the interconnect. The direct bond interconnect (DBI®) Ultra technology is a die to wafer hybrid bonding assembly process that uses all die handling on dicing tape frames. We explore the assembly of various die sizes, pad and pitch dimensions to identify fundamental challenges and solutions to accelerate adoption of this technology in manufacturing. In this paper, we discuss the assembly process results of a test vehicle with an interconnect design of 3.5 μm pad on 7 μm pitch. The 8 mm by 12 mm chip contains daisy chain test structures ranging from 1,400 to 520,000 links. The component wafers were diced and transferred to tape frame for subsequent die preparation for bonding. The 3.5 μm bond pad requires sub-micron alignment accuracy within the bonder for 100% alignment yield. However, with careful process control, alignment yield greater than 98% and void free yield of 96-99% was achieved using a bonder with 3 μm alignment accuracy. The die stacks were characterized with electrical resistance measurement, C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (CSAM), and cross-section microscopy analysis. A process to evaluate the defectivity in daisy chain test vehicles is described that includes correlation of alignment accuracy, CSAM and daisy chain electrical resistance. These test vehicles are compared to previous studies with pad sizes of 2 –10 μm.
A Boronic Ester Annulation Strategy for Diversity-Oriented Organic Synthesis (2002)

In only one to four steps, complex structures containing multiple rings, stereocenters, and unsaturated units have been prepared by employing a new annulation reaction of unsaturated boronic esters with allylic and propargylic alcohols (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z18047_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Exploring User Behavior in Email Re-Finding Tasks (2019)

Email continues to be one of the most commonly used forms of online communication. As inboxes grow larger, users rely more heavily on email search to effectively find what they are looking for. However, previous studies on email have been exclusive to enterprises with access to large user logs, or limited to small-scale qualitative surveys and analyses on limited public datasets such as Enron1 and Avocado2. In this work, we propose a novel framework that allows for experimentation with real email data. In particular, our approach provides a realistic way of simulating email re-finding tasks in a crowdsourcing environment using the workers' personal email data. We use our approach to experiment with various ranking functions and quality degradation to measure how users behave under different conditions, and conduct analysis across various email types and attributes. Our results show that user behavior can be significantly impacted as a result of the quality of the search ranker, but only when differences in quality are very pronounced. Our analysis confirms that time-based ranking begins to fail as email age increases, suggesting that hybrid approaches may help bridge the gap between relevance-based rankers and the traditional time-based ranking approach. Finally, we also found that users typically reformulate search queries by either entirely re-writing the query, or simply appending terms to the query, which may have implications for email query suggestion facilities.