gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine kinase-defective insulin receptors undergo decreased endocytosis but do not affect internalization of normal endogenous insulin receptors. (1992)

To characterize tyrosine kinase activity in signaling ligand/receptor internalization, metabolic labeling and surface radioligand binding were used to follow the processing of both normal and tyrosine kinase-deficient human insulin receptors. The mutant receptor (A/K1018) has an alanine substituted for lysine 1018 in the ATP-binding domain. Rat 1 fibroblasts, expressing either normal human insulin receptors (HIRc) or A/K1018 receptors, were assayed to determine the insulin receptor half-life as well as internalization and down-regulation. Our results show that insulin greatly reduces the half-life of normal insulin receptors (from 9.9 to 5.7 h). The A/K1018 receptor had a much longer half-life (24 h), which was not reduced by the presence of saturating insulin concentrations. The A/K1018 receptor does not undergo down-regulation after long term insulin exposure, while HIRc cells showed a 34% decrease in insulin receptor number. This down-regulation is accounted for by the accelerated turnover rate of normal receptors in the presence of insulin. To confirm that the kinase activity is necessary for normal endocytosis, we also show that ATP depletion in HIRc cells resulted in significant decreases in receptor internalization and that tyrosine kinase-defective receptors also fail to internalize in a different cell type (rat Fao hepatocytes). Lastly, the complement of normal rat insulin receptors in cells expressing the kinase-defective receptors endocytose normally. We conclude that the defect in endocytosis observed in kinase-defective receptors is intrinsic to this receptor and not due to a dominant inhibitory effect on cellular endocytotic machinery.
A dinuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2L2](ClO4)2 derived from 2,6-bis(aminomethyl)-4-methylphenol (HL) (1994)

The dinuclear copper(II) complex of 2,6-bis(aminomethyl)-4-methylphenol (HL), bis[μ-2,6-bis(aminomethyl)-4-methylphenolato-1κN,1:2κ 2 O,2κN']dicopper(II) diperchlorate, [Cu 2 (C 9 H 13 N 2 O) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 , has been synthesized and its structure determined. The title complex is crystallographically centrosymmetric about the midpoint of the Cu...Cu separation [3.013 (1) A] and consists of two distorted square-pyramidal copper(II) centres bridged via phenoxide O atoms. Each Cu atom is coordinated (type 4+1) by two bridging O atoms, two secondary amine N atoms and, weakly, by one O atom of a symmetry-related perchlorate ion occupying the apical coordination site
Lineage-specific gene rearrangement/deletion: a nonconservative model. (1989)

For the lymphocytic descendants of the hematopoietic differentiation pathway, characteristic gene rearrangements result in deletions of significant portions of chromosome regions specifying lymphocyte-specific gene products on either or both chromosomes of each involved pair. Molecular mechanisms facilitating the rearrangement/deletion events have been elegantly and fruitfully elaborated in the years since the first documentation of their occurrence by Hozumi and Tonegawa (N. Hozumi and S. Tonegawa, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 73:3628-3632, 1976). Numerous genetic phenomena observed in experiments or the literature suggest to us that specific genome rearrangement/deletion may be characteristic of and necessary for many, perhaps all, differentiating lineages. Thus we propose that on the way to terminal differentiation, cells within a particular lineage must rearrange specific chromosome regions characteristic for that lineage in order to switch off or on, perhaps concomitantly, requisite genes for that differentiation program. Such rearrangements and their ensuing deletions may have been undetected cytogenetically because of small size and/or because normal terminally differentiated cells do not enter mitosis. However, footprints of these rearrangements, most likely in aberrant form, may be preserved in preneoplastic cells and cancer cells of various lineages which exhibit characteristic deletions. An understanding of the cellular recombinational machinery involved in normal physiological genome rearrangements such as we propose may clarify some puzzling aspects of current theories concerning retinoblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and other "deletion syndromes" and the role of parental genome imprinting [B. M. Cattanach and M. Kirk, Nature (Lond.), 315: 496-498, 1985; C. Sapienza et al., Nature (Lond.), 328: 251-254, 1987; D. Solter, Annu. Rev. Genet., 22: 127-146, 1988]. The recombinatorial activity, when inappropriately expressed in dividing cells (i.e., cells which should be terminally differentiated but are still cycling for various reasons) could be responsible for such diverse phenomena as large deletions; chromosomal translocations into commonly deleted regions; amplicons; apparent nonrandom chromosome integration of viral genomes such as hepatitis B, human papilloma virus, papovaviruses, and retroviruses; and the observation of fragile sites. It could explain why these various phenomena often involve the same restricted regions of the genome. Some clues and consequences integral to the proposal are discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Osteochondral Tissue Chip Derived From iPSCs: Modeling OA Pathologies and Testing Drugs (2019)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease mainly characterized by degenerative changes in cartilage, but other joint elements such as bone are also affected. To date, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs), owing in part to a deficiency of current models in simulating OA pathologies and etiologies in humans. In this study, we aimed to develop microphysiological osteochondral (OC) tissue chips derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model the pathologies of OA. We first induced iPSCs into mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPCs) and optimized the chondro- and osteo-inductive conditions for iMPCs. Then iMPCs were encapsulated into photocrosslinked gelatin scaffolds and cultured within a dual-flow bioreactor, in which the top stream was chondrogenic medium and the bottom stream was osteogenic medium. After 28 days of differentiation, OC tissue chips were successfully generated and phenotypes were confirmed by real time RT-PCR and histology. To create an OA model, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was used to challenge the cartilage component for 7 days. While under control conditions, the bone tissue promoted chondrogenesis and suppressed chondrocyte terminal differentiation of the overlying chondral tissue. Under conditions modeling OA, the bone tissue accelerated the degradation of chondral tissue which is likely via the production of catabolic and inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest active functional crosstalk between the bone and cartilage tissue components in the OC tissue chip under both normal and pathologic conditions. Finally, a selective COX-2 inhibitor commonly prescribed drug for OA, Celecoxib, was shown to downregulate the expression of catabolic and proinflammatory cytokines in the OA model, demonstrating the utility of the OC tissue chip model for drug screening. In summary, the iPSC-derived OC tissue chip developed in this study represents a high-throughput platform applicable for modeling OA and for the screening and testing of candidate DMOADs.
Antigravity and the big crunch/big bang transition (2012)

We point out a new phenomenon which seems to be generic in 4d effective theories of scalar fields coupled to Einstein gravity, when applied to cosmology. A lift of such theories to a Weyl-invariant extension allows one to define classical evolution through cosmological singularities unambiguously, and hence construct geodesically complete background spacetimes. An attractor mechanism ensures that, at the level of the effective theory, generic solutions undergo a big crunch/big bang transition by contracting to zero size, passing through a brief antigravity phase, shrinking to zero size again, and re-emerging into an expanding normal gravity phase. The result may be useful for the construction of complete bouncing cosmologies like the cyclic model.
Iron‐ and Cobalt‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbene Phosphinidenes (2015)

In the presence of stoichiometric or catalytic amounts of [M{N(SiMe3 )2 }2 ] (M=Fe, Co), N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) react with primary phosphines to give a series of carbene phosphinidenes of the type (NHC)⋅PAr. The formation of (IMe4 )⋅PMes (Mes=mesityl) is also catalyzed by the phosphinidene-bridged complex [(IMe4 )2 Fe(μ-PMes)]2 , which provides evidence for metal-catalyzed phosphinidene transfer.
Method of detecting genetic deletions identified with chromosomal abnormalities (2023)

Methods and compositions for staining based upon nucleic acid sequence that employ nucleic acid probes are provided. Said methods produce staining patterns that can be tailored for specific cytogenetic analyzes. Said probes are appropriate for in situ hybridization and stain both interphase and metaphase chromosomal material with reliable signals. The nucleic acids probes are typically of a complexity greater tha 50 kb, the complexity depending upon the cytogenetic application. Methods and reagents are provided for the detection of genetic rearrangements. Probes and test kits are provided for use in detecting genetic rearrangements, particlularly for use in tumor cytogenetics, in the detection of disease related loci, specifically cancer, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and for biological dosimetry. Methods and reagents are described for cytogenetic research, for the differentiation of cytogenetically similar ut genetically different diseases, and for many prognostic and diagnostic applications.
Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems with Sampled Information -- Relationship Between Information Exchange Structure and Control Performance -- (2006)

A problem of controlling multi-agent systems with intermittent information exchange between the agents is considered. Through energy-based analysis, we first derive stability conditions given a communication network structure and a sampling period. Furthermore, we relate the network topology and control performance in terms of the system's aggregate energy dissipation rate
From Informing to Remembering: Deploying a Uniquitous System in an Interactive Science Museum (2002)

This paper describes our experiences implementing and testing nomadic computing tools at the Exploratorium, an interactive science museum in San Francisco. This is a challenging environment because it is hands-on, boisterous, and makes navigation and visual identification difficult. Therefore, the Exploratorium user experience differs from test environments (e.g. historic houses) used in much previous research. We present a classification of possible tool functionalities. We then describe the two specific prototypes we implemented: an electronic guidebook similar to those deployed by previous research groups and a simpler “Rememberer” tool which allows users to bookmark exhibits and take pictures of their experiences at the exhibits. Results are presented from studies of how people use these tools, as well as from a study of museum visitors without extra technology. Our studies suggest the guidebook is too distracting for many visitors to this environment and that the simpler Rememberer tool better matches their needs. Moreover, our results illustrate the value of early deployment and user testing: our initial experiments with the guidebook led us to the design of Rememberer.
Photosynthetic Antenna‐Reaction Center Mimicry with a Covalently Linked Monostyryl Boron‐Dipyrromethene–Aza‐Boron‐Dipyrromethene–C60 Triad (2013)

An efficient functional mimic of the photosynthetic antenna-reaction center has been designed and synthesized. The model contains a near-infrared-absorbing aza-boron-dipyrromethene (ADP) that is connected to a monostyryl boron-dipyrromethene (BDP) by a click reaction and to a fullerene (C60 ) using the Prato reaction. The intramolecular photoinduced energy and electron-transfer processes of this triad as well as the corresponding dyads BDP-ADP and ADP-C60 have been studied with steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic methods in benzonitrile. Upon excitation, the BDP moiety of the triad is significantly quenched due to energy transfer to the ADP core, which subsequently transfers an electron to the fullerene unit. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric studies have revealed the redox states of the components, which allow estimation of the energies of the charge-separated states. Such calculations show that electron transfer from the singlet excited ADP ((1) ADP*) to C60 yielding ADP(.+) -C60 (.-) is energetically favorable. By using femtosecond laser flash photolysis, concrete evidence has been obtained for the occurrence of energy transfer from (1) BDP* to ADP in the dyad BDP-ADP and electron transfer from (1) ADP* to C60 in the dyad ADP-C60 . Sequential energy and electron transfer have also been clearly observed in the triad BDP-ADP-C60 . By monitoring the rise of ADP emission, it has been found that the rate of energy transfer is fast (≈10(11) s(-1) ). The dynamics of electron transfer through (1) ADP* has also been studied by monitoring the formation of C60 radical anion at 1000 nm. A fast charge-separation process from (1) ADP* to C60 has been detected, which gives the relatively long-lived BDP-ADP(.+) C60 (.-) with a lifetime of 1.47 ns. As shown by nanosecond transient absorption measurements, the charge-separated state decays slowly to populate mainly the triplet state of ADP before returning to the ground state. These findings show that the dyads BDP-ADP and ADP-C60 , and the triad BDP-ADP-C60 are interesting artificial analogues that can mimic the antenna and reaction center of the natural photosynthetic systems.
Running-in behaviour of rail and wheel contacting surfaces (2006)

ABSTRACT Rail grinding has been used since the 1980s in maintaining optimal rail profile as well as for elimination of surface defects such as corrugations and head-checks. Likewise, the wheel sets also require re-turning to remove surface defects and restore the desired profile. However, at present there are no well defined guidelines regarding the surface topographies of the ground rails and repaired wheel sets. The present study focuses on investigating the running-in behaviour of new rail and wheel surfaces of different initial roughness values. Field measurements have been carried out with a view to investigating the influence of traffic on both surface roughness and rail profile after grinding or re-turning of wheels. The results obtained from a 3D optical surface profiler show that the surface roughness of a newly ground rail changes rather rapidly during the initial stages. During the first one and a half days of traffic or 26 800 tonnes, the S a -value of the newly ground surface in the running band changed from ~10 µm to ~1 µm. Further investigations are being carried out in the laboratory in an effort to understand the influence of initial surface topography on the roughness of run-in surfaces, running-in period, wear and traction behaviour by the use of a two disc machine.
Effect of boundary on controlled memristor-based oscillator (2012)

Recently, the applications of memristors have spread into many fields and especially in the circuit theory. Many models have been proposed for the HP-memristor based on the window functions. In this paper, we introduce a complete mathematical analysis of the controlled reactance-less oscillator for two different window functions of Joglekar's model (linear and nonlinear dopant drift) to discuss the effect of changing the window function on the oscillator's behavior. The generalized necessary and sufficient conditions based on the circuit elements and control voltages for both the linear and nonlinear models are introduced. Moreover, closed form expressions for the oscillation frequency and duty cycle are derived for these models and verified using PSPICE simulations showing an excellent matching. Finally a comparison between the linear and nonlinear models which shows their effect on the oscillation frequency and conditions of oscillation is introduced.
A reactive language for analyzing cloud logs (2018)

Log analysis is required in many domains, and especially in the emerging field of cloud computing. Cloud applications are often built by composing diverse services. When something goes wrong, finding the root cause of the problem can be difficult. Many services are only reachable through their Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) with no possibility for live introspection. In this context, logs become an essential tool for monitoring and debugging. Cloud services typically generate very large quantities of log messages, with formats that may not be well specified and may vary over time. In this paper, we present CloudLens, a language for the analysis of semi-structured textual data as found in logs, and specify its formal semantics. CloudLens is a reactive language and views logs as streams of objects. Our objective is to facilitate exploring the contents of logs interactively and to write reusable analyses succinctly, using familiar constructs. We implemented an interpreter for the Apache Zeppelin notebook to provide an interactive IDE. Our prototype implementation is open source and we report on a detailed case study using logs from the Apache OpenWhisk project.
Measuring sets in infinite groups (2002)

We are now witnessing rapid growth of new part of group the- ory which has become known as statistical group theory. A typical result in this area would say something like a random element (or tuple of elements) of group G has property P with probability p. The validity of statement like that does, of course, heavily depend on how one defines probability on groups, or, equivalently, how one measures sets in group (in particular, in free group). We hope that new approaches to defining probabilities on groups outlined in this paper create, among other things, an appropriate framework for the study of the average case complexity of algorithms on groups.
Surface characterization of new and aged semiconducting glazes (2003)

A study is presented on changes in the structure and the chemical composition of antimony-doped semiconducting glazes before and after exposure to AC and DC electric fields in outdoor conditions and in the laboratory using the rotating-wheel-dip (RWD) test. Surface sensitive techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) were employed to characterize the materials. Aging in the form of crater building, surface cracking and pitting as well as formation of a tin oxide rich layer took place under both AC and DC exposure. However, the damage was much more severe under DC voltage. Similar aging changes could be obtained in the laboratory after only a few days of the RWD test. In the field, leakage currents were monitored for evaluating the electrical performance of the samples. On new samples, the currents varied only slightly depending on weather conditions. However, during rainfall periods the leakage currents on samples exposed to DC voltage for a longer period were significantly increased compared to the new state, while the currents on AC exposed samples remained unchanged. No flashovers occurred during the 4-month testing. Thermal runaway on samples exposed to DC voltage in the field caused the appearance of black spots in the glaze. Their origin and chemical composition are still under investigation.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new arylamide derivatives possessing sulfonate or sulfamate moieties as steroid sulfatase enzyme inhibitors (2016)

A series of new arylamide derivatives possessing terminal sulfonate or sulfamate moieties was designed and synthesized. The target compounds were tested for in vitro inhibitory effects against the steroid sulfatase (STS) enzyme in a cell-free assay system. The free sulfamate derivative 1j was the most active. It inhibited the enzymatic activity by 72.0% and 55.7% at 20μM and 10μM, respectively. Compound 1j was further tested for STS inhibition in JEG-3 placental carcinoma cells with high STS enzyme activity. It inhibited 93.9% of the enzyme activity in JEG-3 placental carcinoma cells at 20μM with an efficacy near to that of the well-established drug STX64 as reference. At 10μM, 1j inhibited 86.1% of the STS activity of JEG-3. Its IC50 value against the STS enzyme in JEG-3 cells was 0.421μM. Thus, 1j represents an attractive new non-steroidal lead for further optimization.
Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol using in situ generated H2O2 over hierarchical Au–Pd titanium silicalite catalysts (2013)

Benzyl alcohol was oxidized by an “in situ generated” hydrogen peroxy species, formed from a dilute mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, under mild conditions at a high rate over gold, palladium and gold–palladium nanoparticles supported on hierarchical titanium silicate materials. Hierarchical TS-1 supports were obtained from the crystallization of silanized protozeolitic units, being characterized by having a secondary porous system within supermicro/mesopore range and an enhanced surface area over a standard reference TS-1 material. The presence of the secondary porosity not only improves the accessibility to the active sites of the relatively large reactant molecules but also enhances the metal dispersion, leading to an improved catalytic performance for alcohol oxidation. The catalytic activity of metal loaded hierarchical TS-1 materials was found to be higher in reactions conducted in the presence of diluted hydrogen and oxygen, resulting in a 5-fold increase in the yield of benzaldehyde at 30 °C with an AuPd catalyst with secondary porosity. The improvement in rate observed is due to the oxidizing efficacy of in situ generated hydroperoxy species as compared to molecular oxygen alone as the terminal oxidant.
Lachnea poiraultii (Pezizales), rediscovered after more than one hundred years (2015)

Recent collections of a cup-fungus identified as Lachnea poiraultii Boud. from the Iberian and Istrian (Croatia) peninsulas provided the opportunity to investigate its modern taxonomic position. An examination of the type specimen of this taxon confirmed the determination of Croatian, Portuguese and Spanish collections. Based on the results of multi-gene phylogenetic analyses which placed L. poiraultii within the Pyronemataceae with no support of affiliation with another genus, and the study of microscopic features in the living state, the new genus Paratricharina is proposed to accommodate L. poiraultii. The morphological similarities and differences from the most closely related species are discussed. A full description and illustrations of P. poiraultii are also provided
Synthesis and Purification (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Synthesis of Ionic Liquids Quality Aspects and Other Questions Related to Commercial Ionic Liquid Production Synthesis of Task-specific Ionic Liquids
Recognition and tracking of temporary lanes in motorway construction sites (2009)

We propose a system for detecting a construction site on motorways, and subsequently track its individual lanes using Kalman filters. Beacons and yellow lane markers are extracted from color images and provide indicators for a construction site situation. Yellow lane markers are used in this case for tracking the temporary lanes at road works. When leaving the construction site, again white road markers are extracted to track regular motorway lanes.