gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A roadmap for research in mobile business (2005)

Mobile business research has arguably grown to become one of the most topical and complex eBusiness research areas in recent years. As a result, researchers face a plethora of interdisciplinary research challenges. Understanding the range of these challenges and confronting them requires coordinated research efforts, backed up by a holistic guiding approach. This paper aims at contributing to the future of mobile business research by proposing a roadmap to systematise and guide future research efforts, providing a methodical outlook to open research issues across all dimensions defining mobile business and prioritises future research in each dimension in the form of short-, medium-, and long-term research challenges.
Select animal models of colitis and their value in predicting clinical efficacy of biological therapies in ulcerative colitis (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Advancing new therapies from discovery to development usually requires proof-of-concept in animal models to justify the costs of continuing the program. While animal models are useful for understanding the mechanism of action (MOA) of a target, limitations of many published colitis models restrict their value to predict clinical efficacy.<b>Areas covered</b>: The authors focused their literature search on published studies of chronic animal models used to evaluate the pre-clinical efficacy of therapeutic molecules subsequently evaluated in clinical trials for UC. The UC therapies evaluated were anti-α4β7, anti-IL13, anti-IL12p40, and anti-IL23p19. The models of chronic colitis evaluating these molecules were: <i>mdra</i>1a-/-, chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), chronic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and the T cell transfer model.<b>Expert opinion</b>: While some models provide insight into target MOA in UC, none is consistently superior in predicting efficacy. Evaluation of multiple models, with varying mechanisms of colitis induction, is needed to understand potential drug efficacy. Additional models of greater complexity, reflecting the disease chronicity/heterogeneity seen in humans, are needed. Although helpful in prioritizing targets, animal models alone will likely not improve outcomes of UC clinical trials. Transformational changes to clinical efficacy will likely only occur when precision medicine approaches are employed.
A multiword based high speed ECC scheme for low-voltage embedded SRAMS (2008)

This paper presents a multiword based error correction code (MECC) scheme to mitigate SEUs in low-voltage SRAMs. MECC combines four 32 bit data words to form a composite 128 bit ECC word and uses optimized transmission-gate XOR logic, thus significantly reducing check-bit overhead and error correction time, respectively. Use of composite word warrants a unique write operation where MECC updates checkbits by simultaneously writing one data word and reading the other three data words. Two composite words are interleaved in a row to tackle multi-bit SEU. In addition, the supply voltage of the SRAM is reduced to save leakage and active power. A 64kb SRAM with MECC implemented in 90nm CMOS technology consumes 154 muW leakage power and 375 muW active power at 0.6 V and 100 MHz, showing improved area and speed-power efficiency than conventional single-word ECC and existing multiword ECC schemes.
Tandem fluorescence and Raman (fluoRaman) characterisation of a novel photosensitiser in colorectal cancer cell line SW480 (2018)

The development of new imaging tools, molecules and modalities is crucial to understanding biological processes and the localised cellular impact of bioactive compounds. A small molecule photosensitiser, DC473, has been designed to be both highly fluorescent and to exhibit a strong Raman signal in the cell-silent region of the Raman spectrum due to a diphenylacetylene structure. DC473 has been utilised to perform a range of novel tandem fluorescence and Raman (fluoRaman) imaging experiments, enabling a thorough examination of the compound's cellular localisation, exemplified in colorectal cancer cells (SW480). This multifunctional fluoRaman imaging modality revealed the presence of the compound in lipid droplets and only a weak signal in the cytosol, by both Raman and fluorescence imaging. In addition, Raman microscopy detected the compound in a cell compartment we labelled as the nucleolus, whereas fluorescence microscopy did not detect the fluoRaman probe due to solvatochromatic effects in a local polar environment. This last finding was only possible with the use of tandem confocal Raman and fluorescence methods. By following the approach detailed herein, incorporation of strong Raman functional groups into fluorophores can enable a plethora of fluoRaman experiments, shedding further light on potential drug compound's cellular behaviour and biological activity.
Right Heart Failure in an African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) (2016)

A 19-year-old male African penguin ( Spheniscus demersus ) was presented with coelomic distention after a 6-week history of lethargy and decreased appetite. Results of radiographs showed loss of coelomic detail, and ultrasound and computed tomography results revealed coelomic fluid and dilated hepatic veins. Echocardiography revealed moderate right atrial enlargement. Findings were consistent with right-sided cardiac disease. Treatment with furosemide initially reduced ascites, but the clinical condition worsened weeks later and enalapril, pimobendan, and sildenafil were added to the medical therapy. At 12 weeks after presentation, results of an echocardiogram revealed persistent right atrioventricular valve regurgitation, moderate ascites, and dilation of hepatic veins. Clinical signs of right heart failure were managed through adjustments in medical therapy and coelomic fluid aspiration, but the bird died 18 weeks after initial presentation. Gross and microscopic findings were consistent with valvular insufficiency and right-sided heart failure. To our knowledge, this case is the first documented report of cardiac disease in an African penguin.
Unique Tackification Behavior of Needle-like Sepiolite Nanoclay in Brominated Isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene (BIMS) Rubber (2010)

Adhesion between two unvulcanized rubber surfaces of the same material is termed autohesive tack. Interdiffusion of polymer chains that takes place across the interface and their bulk properties controls the strength of the interface. In this work, for the first time, we have studied the influence of sepiolite nanoclay on the autohesive tack strength of brominated isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene (BIMS) rubber. The tack strength of BIMS rubber dramatically increases with nanoclay concentration. For example, the tack strength of 8 phr of nanoclay loaded sample is nearly 300% higher than the tack strength of neat BIMS rubber. Various tack governing factors such as green strength, creep compliance, entanglement molecular weight, relaxation times, self-diffusion coefficient, average penetration depth of rubber chains, and monomer friction coefficient have been analyzed. The addition of nanoclay reduces the extent of molecular diffusion across the interface by reducing the chain mobility; however, the diffusion level is still sufficient to form entanglements on either side of the interface. The entanglements arising from the diffused chains of the nanocomposite samples show greater resistance to separation due to an increase in cohesive strength, onset of transition zone relaxation time, and monomer friction coefficient value of the BIMS rubber matrix by the nanoclay reinforcement. On the other hand, the diffused chains of the unfilled sample exhibit facile chain separation due to the less cohesive strength of the BIMS rubber matrix.
Single photons and entangled photons from a quantum dot (2003)

We present an efficient source of indistinguishable single photons based on a pulsed excitation of a self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot embedded in a three-dimensional micropost microcavity. The probability of generating two photons for the same pulse is reduced to 2%, compared to a Poisson-distributed source of the same intensity. An extension of this technique can be used to generate entangled photons. This photon source is crucial for practical implementations of quantum key distribution, as well as for quantum computation and networking based on photonic qubits.
Numerical investigations on tip leakage flow characteristics and vortex trajectory prediction model in centrifugal compressor (2016)

To better understand the characteristics of tip leakage flow and interpret the correlation between flow instability and tip leakage flow, the flow in the tip region of a centrifugal impeller is investigated by using the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes solver technique. With the decrease of mass flow rate, both the tip leakage vortex trajectory and the mainflow/tip leakage flow interface are shifted towards upstream. The mainflow/tip leakage flow interface finally reaches the leading edge of main blade at the near-stall condition. A prediction model is proposed to track the tip leakage vortex trajectory. The blade loading at blade tip and the averaged streamwise velocity of main flow within tip clearance height are adopted to determine the tip leakage vortex trajectory in the proposed model. The coefficient k in Chen’s model is found to be not a constant. Actually, it is correlated with h/b (the ratio of blade tip clearance height to blade tip thickness), because h/b will significantly influence the flow structure across the tip clearance. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction model is further demonstrated by tracking the tip leakage vortex trajectories in another three centrifugal impellers characterized with different h/b (s).
Separation Membrane Development - 2003 Annual Report (2003)

Hydrogen is certainly a clean fuel, but there is no significant quantity of naturally free hydrogen anywhere on earth. Hydrogen exists mostly in combined form with other elements, such as in water and hydrogen carbons. Hydrogen demand today is mostly from the chemical industry and the petroleum refinery industry. This demand for hydrogen is met by steam reforming of gas hydrogen carbons and partial oxidation of hydrocarbon liquids and coal. The cost of hydrogen produced in this way is very low compared to its value. A hydrogen economy will bring many changes. First, hydrogen requirement will increase many fold. Second, hydrogen will be produced from multiple sources that include renewable and nonrenewable. Third, low hydrogen content streams will not be discarded and the hydrogen must be recovered using cost-effective recovery techniques. Present technologies for hydrogen separation include pressure swing adsorption (PSA), cryogenic and membrane. All three processes are efficient for high hydrogen content and high-pressure feeds, and are not efficient for low hydrogen content and low-pressure feeds. For PSA, the inefficiency is partly due to the fact that the adsorbents, that include molecular sieves and activated carbons, preferentially adsorb the heavy impurities. This is good if the heavy impurities are less than 50 percent, but is not as good otherwise. When hydrogen content in a gas mixture is less than about 50 percent, it is more efficient to use an adsorbent that adsorbs hydrogen instead of the heavier components. Hydrogen adsorbent that can be used in a practical separation process is not available today. This project is to first develop such an adsorbent then the process.
Back Cover: Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core–Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (ChemSusChem 12/2014) (2014)

The Back Cover image highlights the use of nanorods in the development of an innovative battery. These nanorods have a concentration gradient in its core–shell structure, which facilitates the transport of lithium ions and electrons and thus increases the resulting electrical conductivity. In addition, densely agglomerated nanorods in the shell region give rise to a high tap density with a reduced pore volume and surface area, which result in the outstanding electrochemical properties and high rate performance. Using the unique structure of these nanorods, we can move one step closer to the commercialization of lithium ion batteries with the large energy storage capacity and the safety required to power electric vehicles. More details can be found in the Full Paper by Yoon et al. on page 3295 (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402389).
Stool donor qualification and collection from metastatic melanoma (MM) patients (pts) who have responded to checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) for manufacturing of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). (2019)

TPS146 Background: There have been remarkable improvements in responses rates (RR) and outcomes for pts with MM with the use of single agent CPIs. However, only 35% of pts respond to therapy and less than 10% achieve a complete response (CR). Although CPIs are approved for advanced MM treatment, there is a critical need to identify predictors of response and improve outcomes for these pts, the majority of whom will die from their disease. In an analysis of stool from MM pts prior to receiving CPI (anti-PD1), MD Anderson reported the association of higher alpha diversity and a favorable “Type I” signature with improved RR and prolonged PFS. Subsequently, FMT in mice via oral gavage using stool from CR MM pts responding to anti-PD1 with a favorable microbiome signature and treated with CPI demonstrated improved RR compared to FMT with stool from non-responders. Although FMT has been studied and has shown efficacy in other diseases, clinical safety and utility in pts with MM requires investigation. We hypothesize that FMT from MM pts with CR to CPIs and a Type I signature will be tolerable and demonstrate favorable outcomes. Methods: To initiate the testing of this hypothesis, we designed a study to identify and screen pts with MM who have responded to anti-PD1 for FMT stool donation. Pts must be in CR from MM for 6 months on 2 consecutive scans. Screening procedures per standard practice of approved INDs for FMT include health history questionnaires, physical exam, confirmation of current disease status, infectious disease screening, and an evaluation of the stool sample to ensure Type I signature requirements. Notably, there have been specific modifications made to this protocol in donor eligibility criteria, as accepted by the FDA, to accommodate this unique patient population. Participants will donate stool for up to 4 weeks and may be considered for subsequent donation cycles after undergoing re-screening. Stool will be manufactured into capsule form and used in the clinical trial. This study is open and active at three sites, MD Anderson, MGH, and DFCI.
Design Space Exploration of Hemi-Toroidal Fused Quartz Shell Resonators (2019)

This paper discusses the selection of parameters for the geometry of micro glass-blown hemi-toroidal Fused Quartz (FQ) resonators. Comprehensive Finite Element (FE) simulations were performed to explore the design space of the shell resonators, focusing on frequency scaling of the operational resonance mode and the spurious resonance modes (tilt, rocking, out-of-plane, and torsional), as a function of shell geometry. It was demonstrated that a separation between resonance frequencies and mode-ordering can be achieved through optimization of the shell geometry at the different range of frequencies.
Recent Progress on 3D NAND Flash Technologies (2021)

Since 3D NAND was introduced to the industry with 24 layers, the areal density has been successfully increased more than ten times, and has exceeded 10 Gb/mm2 with 176 layers. The physical scaling of XYZ dimensions including layer stacking and footprint scaling enabled the density scaling. Logical scaling has been successfully realized, too. TLC (triple-level cell, 3 bits per cell) is now the mainstream in 3D NAND, while QLC (quad-level cell, 4 bits per cell) is increasing the presence. Several attempts and partial demonstrations were made for PLC (penta-level cell, 5 bits per cell). CMOS under array (CuA) enabled the die size reduction and performance improvements. Program and erase schemes to address the technology challenges such as short-term data retention of the charge-trap cell and the large block size are being investigated.
Developing a Prototype for Sun Tracker System Based on IoT: Controlled by Mobile App and Online Database Monitoring (2019)

IoT (Internet of Things) has become a separate research field since the development of internet technology and other communication media. IoT optimizes several tools such as sensor media radio frequency identification, wireless sensor networks and other smart objects that allow humans to easily interact with all devices connected to the internet network. The purpose of this research is to build an IoT-based solar cell tracker which can be controlled through mobile Apps and the data can be read anywhere as long as there is an internet network. In this research used LDR sensor, DHT11 sensor, Voltage sensor and MPU6050 sensor to optimize the performance of the proposed solar cell tracker system. The control system is built using an Appinventor that allows the system to be controlled via cellular phone from a distance. All sensors will be connected via Arduino and realtime data can be viewed through the Thinger.Io web page using Raspberry and mini LCD. ESP8266 NODE MCU microcontroller is used for a Wi-Fi connection. The results of this study indicate that the voltage value generated by dynamic solar cell tracker is greater than the static solar cell tracker. Dual axis sun tracker devices that are built using four LDRs produce an average voltage of 19.40 Volt when the sunny weather, 18.05 Volt when the cloudy weather and 13.60 Volt when the rainy weather.
Dynamic and static strain fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogation with a 1.3 µm Fourier domain mode-locked wavelength-swept laser (2010)

We demonstrate dynamic and static strain fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor array interrogation using a 1.3 µm Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) wavelength-swept laser. The FDML wavelength-swept laser provides a high speed scanning rate and wide scanning bandwidth. Using the FDML wavelength swept laser, we measure the performances of static strain sensor interrogation for both time and spectral domains. The slope coefficients for the measured relative wavelength difference and relative time delay from the static strain are 0.8 pm/µstrain and 0.086 ns/µstrain, respectively. We demonstrate the dynamic response of the FBG sensor array with a 100 Hz modulating strain based on the FDML wavelength-swept laser at a 40.6 kHz scanning rate. The FBG sensor interrogation system using the FDML wavelength-swept laser can be realized for high-speed and high-sensitivity monitoring systems.
Determination of structural parameter variations in single-mode optical fibres by time-domain reflectometry (1982)

Backscatter measurements on single-mode fibres reveal apparent changes in local attenuation resulting from backscatter factor variations. The detailed shape of the backscatter waveforms is compared to known variations of fibre parameters.
Dyscranio-pygo-phalangea (Ullrich-Feichtiger syndrome). (1988)

A rare case of Ullrich-Feichtiger Syndrome is described. It is emphasised that though there maybe some overlap with other syndromes like Trisomy 13, Smith-Lemli-Opitz & Meckel's, it has its own identity and should not be overlooked as a 'spurious entity. The incomplete forms of this syndrome should not be misappropriated to other syndromes.
Spiral wave meandering, wavefront-obstacle separation and cardiac arrhythmias (2002)

Spiral wave tips rotate either around a circular core or meander, inscribing a non-circular pattern. The transition to meandering was found to be equivalent to the transition from wave tip separation to wave tip attachment around the end of an unexcitable strip of thickness comparable to the wavefront thickness. The medium properties defining the transition from circular to non-circular spiral tip movement is accurately predicted by the balance of the diffusive fluxes in the vicinity of the wave tip within the boundary layer of the order of the wavefront thickness. Small changes in the boundary layer charge can dramatically alter spiral tip motion and provide a new tool for control and classification of cardiac arrhythmias.
MIMO-UWB propagation channels (2010)

The use of ultra-wide bandwidth, while keeping a low power spectral density, is a promising approach for high-data rate communications as well as low-power communications and geolocation. The use of multiple antenna elements at transmitter and receiver (MIMO) can further increase data rate, system robustness, and precision of localization. The ultimate performance of MIMO-UWB systems is determined by the propagation channels they operate in. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in UWB-MIMO channel measurement and modeling. The most popular technique for measuring UWB-MIMO channels is based on vector network analyzer sounding of the channel, together with the use of virtual arrays. Data are frequently evaluated by application of high-resolution parameter estimation methods in (relatively narrowband) subbands of the considered bandwidth; though interference-cancellation based techniques in the delay domain are popular as well. The most frequently used channel models are either generalized Saleh-Valenzuela models (where directional information has been added), or geometry-based stochastic channel models. We find that in general, the angular power distribution can depend on the considered frequency range of the UWB signal. This, together with the frequency dependence of antenna elements and array patterns, leads to frequency-varying correlation and capacity of UWB-MIMO propagation channels.
Multi-varied implementations with common underpinnings in design technology co-optimization (2020)

Fueled by higher bandwidth wireless communication and ubiquitous AI, the demand for more affordable and power efficient transistors is accelerating at a time when Dennard scaling is undeniably crawling to a halt. Escalating wafer and design cost are commonly identified as the primary culprits bringing Moore's law to its knees. However, a third component: the cost of making the wrong technology choice early in the development cycle, is equally responsible for slowing the progress of the semiconductor industry. The enormous complexity of leading edge technology nodes has been achieved incrementally over time by limiting each technology node to mostly small evolutionary steps. Forcing too much innovation in one technology node would have catastrophically disrupted the continuous learning curve. As we approach the fundamental device-physics and material-science limits of dimensional scaling, we are forced to look at far more disruptive device and interconnect innovations to achieve meaningful power-performance-area-cost (PPAC) improvement. For example, the complexity versus benefit tradeoffs of innovative 3-dimensional device architectures with non-standard power-distribution networks are so hard to quantify that rigorous yet efficient prototyping becomes indispensable even prior to committing foundry R&amp;D resources. In this paper we present our work on developing a purpose-built suite of tools to vastly accelerate the quantitative pre-screening and optimization of technology options to help the industry maintain its relentless pace of PPAC scaling. We share several examples that demonstrate how we tune a candidate technology definition with this tool-suite. We also describe the important common technologies in successful Design Technology Co-Optimization (DTCO) flows including physical material and process modeling; electrical and circuit simulation; detailed design analysis and modification to reduce weak points; handling enormous datasets; silicon learning feedback loop and intuitive visualization.