gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrophage Biocompatibility of CoCr Wear Particles Produced under Polarization in Physiological Hyaluronic Acid Solution (2018)

Macrophages are cells involved in the primary response to debris derived from wear of implanted CoCr alloys. The biocompatibility of wear particles from a high carbon CoCr alloy produced under polarization in physiological hyaluronic acid (HA) solution was evaluated in J774A.1 mouse macrophages cultures. Polarization was applied to mimic the electrical interactions observed in living tissues. Wear tests were performed in a pin-on-disk tribometer integrating an electrochemical cell in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and in PBS supplemented with 0.3% HA, physiological synovial fluid concentration, used as lubricant solution. Wear particles produced in 0.3% HA solution showed a higher biocompatibility in J774A.1 macrophages in comparison to those elicited by PBS. A considerable improvement in macrophages biocompatibility in the presence of 0.3 % of HA was further observed by the application of polarization at potentials having current densities typical of injured tissues suggesting that polarization produces an effect on the surface of the metallic material that leads to the production of wear particles that are macrophages biocompatible and less cytotoxic. The results showed the convenience to consider electric interactions together with other particles parameters, as are size and composition, to get a better understanding of the biological effects of the wear products.
Conductive Polymer Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Biofluid Analysis (2018)

We present a conductive polymer spray ionization (CPSI) method for the direct mass spectrometric analysis of hydrophilic drugs, saccharides, peptides, and proteins in biofluids. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to fabricate a conductive composite substrate CNT/PMMA in the shape of a triangle (8 mm wide and 10 mm long) with its apex pointed toward the inlet of a mass spectrometer. In comparison with a traditional paper spray substrate, the conductive polymer absorbs less hydrophilic compounds owing to its hydrophobic nature. When aqueous biofluid samples are loaded, they also exhibit less diffusion on this nonporous surface. Only 1.0-2.0 μL solvent suffices to extract the components in a dried biofluid spot and to form charged microdroplets (4.5 kV high voltage applied). Furthermore, the hydrophobic polymer surface only needs to overcome weak surface tension to emit charged microdroplets, so that the signal has a typical duration of 7.5 min. For sunitinib, acarbose, melamine, and angiotensin II, the ion intensity of the target compound from the conductive polymer support is significantly higher than paper spray, typically by a factor of 20 to 100. These results suggest that the CNT/PMMA conductive polymer spray has great potential in the analysis of hydrophilic drugs, saccharides, peptides, and proteins in biofluids.
Geometric scattering removal in cross-correlation Doppler global velocimetry by structured illumination (2020)

Abstract The biases introduced by background light contributions in planar, Doppler-based velocimetry are significantly reduced by the application of structured illumination. The method works by measuring and separating desired flow-scattered signals from unwanted reflections and secondary scattering contributions via a sinusoidal intensity modulation across the laser sheet used to interrogate the flow. In the current work we consider the influence of background light on cross-correlation Doppler global velocimetry (CC-DGV) and present the results for measurements in a turbulent free jet with an exit Mach number of 0.5 in a measurement arrangement with high intensity background contributions. It is shown that if the ratio of the particle-scattering (i.e. Mie scattering) intensity to the background solid surface scattering (i.e. geometric scattering) intensity is greater than 10, then the measured signal displays a significant bias away from the true velocity. With structured illumination, the measured intensity corresponding to geometric scattering is reduced to negligible levels, reminiscent of a measurement arrangement with little or no background light influence. Centreline velocity measurements with this background subtraction method are compared with Kiel-type pressure probe measurements, yielding a root-mean-square (RMS) difference between the two of 1.2 m s -1 (less than 1% of the full scale velocity), well within the published uncertainty bound of the CC-DGV technique, underscoring the robustness of this approach. In addition to the centreline validation, the streamwise vorticity and total pressure are also analysed, showing trends indicative of the S-type shape of the duct and aggressive flow entrainment experienced in this environment.
In Vitro Evidence That β-Amyloid Peptide 1–40 Diffuses Across the Blood–Brain Barrier and Affects Its Permeability (2000)

Beta amyloid peptides are major insoluble constituents of amyloid fibrils in senile plaques and cerebrovascular deposits, both characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD). Low concentrations of soluble forms of amyloid peptides are also present in normal CSF. We previously demonstrated that the 40 amino acid form of soluble beta-amyloid peptide (sAbeta) is rapidly cleared from rat CSF into blood. Herein we hypothesized that a saturable, outwardly directed flux of this peptide occurs at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tested whether supraphysiological (possibly pathological) concentrations of sAbeta could alter the permeability of this barrier to a paracellular tracer, polyethylene glycol (PEG). Using an in vitro model of BBB, we showed that influx and efflux of sAbeta were equal, modest (60%-160% greater than that of PEG), and not saturable. These observations suggest that sAbeta moved across the monolayer by a diffusional process, and not via a transporter. PEG flux was doubled immediately after the luminal concentration of cold sAbeta was raised to 5 microM, and was doubled 150 min after the abluminal concentration of sAbeta was increased to 5 microM. Pathological elevations of sAbeta concentration in plasma or brain interstitial fluid may, therefore, alter the permeability of brain capillaries in vivo.
Achieving Dry-Tree DAS Bandwidth and SNR Performance on Subsea Wells (2020)

Summary The pulse repetition rate, and thus sampling frequency, for pulsed distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems is inherently limited by the total length of the sensing fiber. For single-fiber, topside interrogation of subsea wells, this is particularly critical as the subsea infrastructure can significantly increase the total sensing fiber length, adversely affecting both sampling frequency and signal-to-noise. We describe how the deployment of a remote circulator in the optical flying lead to the subsea well effectively constrains the sensing fiber to the fiber portion located below the remote circulator. Thus, pulse repetition rates can be increased to match the ones typically achieved for dry-tree wells. Moreover, the fiber topology is immune to back-reflections from infrastructure above the remote circulator, and enables selective amplification of the backscattered light originating from the sensing fiber portion below the remote circulator. The result is a subsea DAS solution that achieves acoustic bandwidth and signal-to-noise performance comparable to dry-tree wells and enables spectral-based DAS processing algorithms developed for sand control, leak detection, inflow profiling, well integrity, and VSP to be straightforwardly applicable to DAS data acquired from subsea wells.
A Wiener integral model for stiff polymer chains (1985)

A Wiener integral model for stiff polymer chains is developed following the approach of Bixon and Zwanzig. The model is mathematically tractable yet retains the general physics of the crossover between a flexible chain and a rod. Previous approaches to this problem are reviewed and compared to this model in the context of their applicability to the study of nonideal stiff polymer chains.
Effects of Microstructure and Texture on DWTT Properties for High Strength Line Pipe Steels (2006)

The crack arrestability for high strength line pipe steels with tensile strength of 650 to 850 MPa was evaluated using precrack DWTT (pc-DWTT). Moreover, the effects of microstructure and texture on pc-DWTT energy were investigated. The pc-DWTT energy was remarkably affected by tensile strength. The pc-DWTT energy of ferrite and bainite/martensite dual phase steels was much higher than that of bainite single phase steels in comparison with the same tensile strength. The {100} plane is a cleavage plane in iron, so the brittle crack mainly propagates along the {100} plane. Bainte single phase steels indicated a high intensity of the {100} on the plane rotated 40° from the rolling plane with the axis of the rolling direction. On the other hand, ferrite and bainite/martensite dual phase steels indicated not only a high intensity of the {100} plane rotated 40° from the rolling plane, but also a high intensity of the {100} plane parallel to the rolling plane. Slant fracture could be easily formed by the high intensity of the {100} on the plane rotated 40° from the rolling plane if local brittle areas such as martensite and austenite constituent (M-A constituent), which became the initiation point of brittle fracture, existed. In contrast, separation tended to be formed by the high intensity of the {100} plane parallel to the rolling plane that was caused by the formation of ferrite and bainte/martensite dual phase microstructure. Thus, pc-DWTT energy and shear area were remarkably affected by microstructure and texture. Therefore, to control microstructure and texture is vay important for the improvement of pc-DWTT properties.
Chronic hepatitis B liver disease in patients living in the Amazon region: S gene mutations and genotypes characterization (2013)

The Amazon region is considered to be a high endemic area for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections, Rondônia state having the highest prevalence. The aim of this study was to identify molecular genotypes and mutations in the S gene region of HBV viral genomes from 20 patients using a DNA microarray. Results: Serological tests showed that 88% of patients were HBeAg negative, 82% had anti-HBe antibodies and 33% were co-infected with Hepatitis Delta Virus. Sixteen percent of the patients were considered cirrhotic, and 11% have been transfused. The microarray technique identified the genotypes A (4 patients), D (7 patients) and F (7 patients) in 18 samples. Mutations were detected in all 3 genotypes and, overall, A159G, which has been associated with a reduced antigenicity of the virus, was detected most frequently. In genotype A, G119E was the most frequently detected mutation followed by mutations A159G, F134Y, W172C, Y161F and T143S. A159G was detected in all genotype D and F samples followed by mutations T143S, Y161F, N131T, T114S and G119E in genotype D and mutations T143S, Y161F, N131T, T114S and G119E in genotype F. Conclusion: The analysis of mutations repartition among genotypes suggests that some of them are preferentially or exclusively associated with genotype A, D or F. This type of tool is adapted for clinical and therapy monitoring of patient as well as for molecular epidemiology research on HBV.
Pediatric Tracheostomy Emergency Readiness Assessment Tool: International Consensus Recommendations (2023)

5 Laryngoscope, 133:3588-3601, 2023.
A Novel "SMAFTI" Package for Inter-Chip Wide-Band Data Transfer (2006)

A package structure with inter-chip connection is proposed for broadband data transfer and low latency electrical communication between a high-capacity memory and a logic device interconnected by a feedthrough interposer (FTI) featuring a fine-wiring pattern and ultra-fine-pitch through vias. The FTI is formed on a silicon wafer using a photolithography process to realize fine vias and fine wiring patterns. This structure enables over a thousand inter-chip connections and a high pin count in the logic device. This paper describes the concept, structure, process, and experimental results of prototypes of this package called SMAFTI (SMArt chip connection with FeedThrough Interposer). This paper also reports the results of intermetallic compound analysis and thermal cycle test (TCT) that were performed to confirm the fundamental reliability of this novel inter-chip connection structure
Physiopathological Roles of Spontaneously Released Outer Membrane Vesicles of Bordetella Pertussis (2017)

We have proved that OMV play different roles in B. pertussis physiopathology and we opened new perspectives to be further investigated.
The Effect of B$^{3+}$ and Ca$^{2+}$Co-Doping on Factors Which Affect the Energy Resolution of Gd$_{{3}}$Ga$_{{3}}$Al$_{{2}}$O$_{{12}}$: Ce (2013)

This paper investigates the effects of boron and calcium co-doping on the measured energy resolution of Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> :Ce (GGAG: Ce). For this study, three samples of GAGG were grown using the Czochralski method. The first sample was doped with Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> and was used as a reference for comparison. The next two samples were additionally doped with either B <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> or Ca <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> . The boron co-doped sample was found to have an overall improved performance when compared to the reference sample. The light output of the GGAG:Ce,B was measured to be 10% greater than the reference sample. In addition, the sample was found to have less charge trapping and a more linear relative light yield response. These factors led to an observed improvement in energy resolution from 9% in the reference sample to 7.8% in the B <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> co-doped sample. Co-doping with Ca <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> led to an overall reduction in charge trapping; however, the sample suffered a 30% reduction in light output, and it was found to have a less linear relative light yield than the reference sample. Its energy resolution was measured to be 10.1%. The relationship between the measured energy resolution and the other measured properties in these samples is discussed.
Role of androgens in women's sexual dysfunction (2010)

Significantly lower levels of the two precursor steroids dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and androstene-3β,17β-diol but not the major androgen metabolite ADT-G were found in women with HSDD. Although the significance of the former awaits further study, androgen deficiency in women with HSDD was not confirmed. Given the unknown long-term effects of testosterone supplementation, women receiving testosterone therapy should be informed that a deficit of testosterone activity in women with HSDD has not been identified.
The effects of changing seat height upon peak power output and fatigue index when performing maximal sprints on a cycle ergometer (2010)

The purpose of this study was to discover if a change in seat height affects power output (PPO) and fatigue index (FI) when completing a 10s Wingate test on a cycle ergometer. A group of healthy, active male participants (n=7), with a mean (±SD) age of n=20.86 (±1.35) years, height of 186.21 (±7.66) cm, and body mass of n=83.7 (±13.09) kg, completed one Wingate test per day using a different seat height for 5 consecutive days. The seat heights were determined by adjusting the knee angle starting from a fully extended knee position with the subject sat on the seat with the foot flat at the bottom of the crank cycle. The seat heights related to participant knee angles of 180o, 190o, 200o, 210o and 220o, with 180o being the highest seat height with leg fully extended and 220o being the lowest seat height used. The resistance used for the 10s maximal sprint was a standard torque (0.7N) multiplied by participant body weight. A repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) between PPO or FI when changing seat height. There was a trend however, which suggested the optimal point for both PPO and FI during this study occurred when cycling at a seat height measured at 210o of the knee angle. The original hypotheses were supported and the study outlined a range of other variables that could affect the performance in sprint cycling. To summarise, while the observed mean differences between PPO and FI% for the five knee angles investigated where statistically not significant, an angle of 210o appeared to produced the optimal PPO and FI% values for the present study sample.
Efficient handling of multilingual language models (2004)

We introduce techniques for building a multilingual speech recognizer. More specifically, we present a new language model method that allows for the combination of several monolingual into one multilingual language model. Furthermore, we extend our techniques to the concept of grammars. All linguistic knowledge sources share one common interface to the search engine. As a consequence, new language model types can be easily integrated into our Ibis decoder. Based on a multilingual acoustic model, we compare multilingual statistical n-gram language models with multilingual grammars. Results are given in terms of recognition performance as well as resource requirements. They show that: (a) n-gram LMs can be easily combined at the meta level without major loss in performance; (b) grammars are very suitable to model multilinguality; (c) language switches can be significantly reduced by using the introduced techniques; (d) the resource overhead for handling multiple languages in one language model is acceptable; (e) language identification can be done implicitly during decoding.
Bioinspired design and optimization for thin film wearable and building cooling systems (2021)

In this work, we report a paradigmatic shift in bioinspired microchannel heat exchanger design toward its integration into thin film wearable devices, thermally active surfaces in buildings, photovoltaic devices, and other thermoregulating devices whose typical cooling fluxes are below 1 kW m<sup>-2</sup>. The transparent thermoregulation device is fabricated by bonding a thin corrugated elastomeric film to the surface of a substrate to form a microchannel water-circuit with bioinspired unit cell geometry. Inspired by the dynamic scaling of flow systems in nature, we introduce empirically derived sizing rules and a novel numerical optimization method to maximize the thermoregulation performance of the microchannel network by enhancing the uniformity of flow distribution. The optimized network design results in a 25% to 37% increase in the heat flux compared to non-optimized designs. The study demonstrates the versatility of the presented design and architecture by fabricating and testing a scaled-up numerically optimized heat exchanger device for building-scale and wearable applications.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF ANALGESICS. LIV. SYNTHESES OF 3‐(SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)‐4‐OXAZOLIDINONE AND 3‐(SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)‐3,4,5,6‐TETRAHYDRO‐2H‐1,3‐OXAZIN‐4‐ONE DERIVATIVES AS ANALGESICS (STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. CMXXVIII) (1981)

Abstract Auf der Suche nach Strukturanalogen des Oxazolidinons (I), das analge‐ . tische Aktivität bei niedriger Toxizität aufweist, wurden aus den Hydroxycarbonsäureamiden (II) und (V) durch Umsetzung mit den Aldehyden (III) die substituierten Phenyloxazolidinone (IV) und ‐tetrahydrooxazinone (VI) hergestellt.
Blind Numerology Identification for Mixed Numerologies (2021)

5G New Radio (NR) introduces new flexibility that different numerologies can be selected to meet the requirements of a wide variety of services. For this new structure, blind numerology identification can increase system efficiency. Therefore, we propose a blind identification method for mixed numerologies. An autocorrelation method is applied in the time domain by correlating the cyclic prefix (CP) signal of the candidate numerology in the received composite signal for numerology type identification. Then, the location of each numerology in the frequency domain is identified by the variance difference in the power spectral density (PSD) of the subbands, on which different numerologies are occupied. The simulation results are obtained under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency-selective channels. The obtained results show that the proposed method has a robust identification accuracy and a satisfactory BER performance as compared to the non-blind identification approach in the conventional mixed-numerology system.
16×10 GHz multiwavelength mode locked InGaAsP laser with closed loop spectral control (2003)

Summary from only given. We report on the design and development of a semiconductor optical amplifier based multiwavelength laser. This work expands upon previous efforts utilizing external cavity oscillators based on SOAs at both 830 and 1550 nm. The laser configuration is shown as a unidirectional ring cavity that comprised of 2.3 mm MQW InGaAsP SOA bulk optics.
Linear Channel Estimation Based on a Low-Bandwidth Observation Channel with Unknown Response (2021)

We propose a novel system identification technique, based on a least-mean square algorithm, allowing for the estimation of a linear channel by using an unknown-response measurement channel. The key of the technique is a memoryless nonlinear function working as uncoupling block between the estimated and observation channels, conforming a Wiener-Hammerstein scheme. We prove that this estimation, only differing from the actual channel response by a scaling factor and a temporal shift, does not depend on the observation channel bandwidth. As a consequence, this technique enables the usage of low-cost measurement devices as feedback channel. We present numerical examples of the method, supporting the proposal and displaying excellent results.
Renewable Energy-Aware Inter-datacenter Virtual Machine Migration over Elastic Optical Networks (2015)

Datacenters (DCs) are deployed in a large scale to support the ever increasing demand for data processing to support various applications. The energy consumption of DCs becomes a critical issue. Powering DCs with renewable energy can effectively reduce the brown energy consumption and thus alleviates the energy consumption problem. Owing to geographical deployments of DCs, the renewable energy generation and the data processing demands usually vary in different DCs. Migrating virtual machines (VMs) among DCs according to the availability of renewable energy helps match the energy demands and the renewable energy generation in DCs, and thus maximizes the utilization of renewable energy. Since migrating VMs incurs additional traffic in the network, the VM migration is constrained by the network capacity. The inter-datacenter (inter-DC) VM migration with network capacity constraints is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we propose two heuristic algorithms that approximate the optimal VM migration solution. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed algorithms, by migrating VM among DCs, can reduce up to 31% of brown energy consumption.