gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trialling GSM data services for the mobile office (1995)

This paper presents the results of a field trial in which a group of salespeople, with minimal experience of using computers, were provided with mobile computing equipment and access to the GSM data and short message service (SMS) for communications. The trial had three purposes: (1) to evaluate the quality of service provided by the GSM data and SM services and determine whether they provide a significant improvement over the data service provided by analogue cellular networks; (2) to investigate the potential for a personal server/mobile client architecture in which the server provides additional communications services to the mobile client; and (3) to learn about the problems experienced by novice users of mobile services. The trial was carried out in Denmark at the end of 1994. >
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Twenty-two Ethiopian Medicinal Plants (2022)

The current study has been carried out to assess the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the 80% ethanolic extracts of 22 traditionally used Ethiopian medicinal plants. Among the tested plants, Dodonaea angustifolia, Rumex nervosus, Carrisa spinarum, Pentas schimperiana, and Clerodendrum myricoides displayed good DPPH radical scavenging potential with IC50 values of 15.0, 26.9, 58.3, 62.5, and 78.8 µg/ml, respectively. Similarly, Dovyalis abyssinica, D. angustifolia, Rumex abyssinicus, and R. nervosus showed strong oxidative burst inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 10.2, 19.4, 24.8, 35.8 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, D. angustifolia and R. nervosus showed strong reactive oxygen species inhibitory activities. The results of this study showed the potential use of herbal products as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents and provided scientific backing for utilizing these herbal preparations.
Basic Imaging Properties of a Large Image Intensifier-TV Digital Chest Radiographic System (1987)

The basic imaging properties of a large (57 cm) image intensifier (I.I.)-TV digital imaging system were examined to determine the effects of various physical parameters on the quality of the digital chest images obtained, and also to explore the clinical usefulness of the system. The characteristic curve of the digital system, which relates the output pixel value to the input relative x-ray intensity, was measured with an aluminum stepwedge. MTFs were determined using slit images, and the veiling-glare fraction was measured with a lead-disk technique. Noise Wiener spectra were obtained from uniformly exposed images. The current limitations of the large II-TV digital chest system are its low spatial resolution, and the presence of large amounts of veiling glare and structure mottle. Advantages of this system over other digital chest imaging systems include the high speed of image data acquisition and the capability of "real-time" dynamic imaging of the chest at a radiation dose comparable to that in conventional radiography of the chest.
Fragment-Based Screening by Biochemical Assays: Systematic Feasibility Studies with Trypsin and MMP12 (2010)

Fragment-based screening (FBS) has gained acceptance in the pharmaceutical industry as an attractive approach for the identification of new chemical starting points for drug discovery programs in addition to classical strategies such as high-throughput screening. There is the concern that screening of fragments at high µM concentrations in biochemical assays results in increased false-positive and false-negative rates. Here the authors systematically compare the data quality of FBS obtained by enzyme activity-based fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime, and mobility shift assays with the data quality from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. The serine protease trypsin and the matrix metalloprotease MMP12 were selected as model systems. For both studies, 352 fragments were selected each. From the data generated, all 3 biochemical protease assay methods can be used for screening of fragments with low false-negative and low false-positive rates, comparable to those achieved with the SPR-based assays. It can also be concluded that only fragments with a solubility higher than the screening concentration determined by means of NMR should be used for FBS purposes. Extrapolated to 10,000 fragments, the biochemical assays speed up the primary FBS process by approximately a factor of 10 and reduce the protease consumption by approximately 10,000-fold compared to NMR protein observation experiments.
Electrochemical Oxidation Processes on Ni Electrodes in Propylene Carbonate Containing Various Electrolyte Salts (1996)

Electrochemical oxidation processes on Ni electrodes in propylene carbonate electrolytes were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of these analyses suggest that Ni electrodes, electrolyte salts, and solvent are oxidized at a greater anodic potential than 4.2 V vs. . When propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte containing , or was used, a large amount of Ni fluorides and oxides formed on the Ni electrodes and became inactive in response to Ni oxidation. The Fourier transform infrared measurement showed that the oxidation of PC in these electrolytes is enhanced by the formation of the above‐mentioned Ni compounds in the first scan. On the other hand, inactivation was not observed for PC electrolytes containing . Correspondingly, the oxidation of PC in this electrolyte was more suppressed than that in the other three electrolytes. When PC containing was used as an electrolyte, the formation of Ni oxides was observed as well as the active oxidation of PC. This result indicates that Ni oxides are actively involved in the electrochemical oxidation of PC. Thus, electrochemical oxidation processes on Ni electrodes in various PC electrolytes can be explained by the oxidation of Ni electrodes in association with anion decomposition, which determines a type of products formed on Ni electrodes.
Analysis of Microarray Experiments for Pulmonary Fibrosis (2005)

Microarray technology allows the investigator to examine the simultaneous expression of thousands of genes in a given cell or tissue. Such experiments that probe tens of thousands of genes produce immense amounts of information. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the availability of tools for analysis of microarray data. Although many commercial tools are being aggressively marketed, we mostly use shareware tools. In this chapter, we present our approach to the analysis of microarray data mainly using tools that were generated by our collaborators or that are freely available. Step-by-step explanations of software operation are provided.
Long-Term Results of Cemented Metal-Backed Glenoid Components for Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (2009)

The data from this study suggest that total shoulder arthroplasty with a cemented metal-backed glenoid component for the treatment of osteoarthritis is associated with pain relief and improvement in motion. However, the high rate of glenoid periprosthetic lucency is concerning and requires additional follow-up and investigation. These results are not better than those that have been reported for all-polyethylene cemented glenoid components.
Rapid glycosyl‐inositol‐phospho‐ceramide fingerprint from filamentous fungal pathogens using the MALDI Biotyper Sirius system (2020)

We have demonstrated that routine MALDI-TOF in the linear negative ion mode combined with an apolar solvent system to solubilize the matrix is applicable to the detection of filamentous fungal GIPCs.
Controlled release of glial‐derived neurotrophic factor from fibrin matrices containing an affinity‐based delivery system (2008)

This research evaluated the controlled release of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from an affinity-based delivery system (ABDS) as potential treatment for peripheral nerve injury. The ABDS consisted of a bidomain peptide containing a transglutaminase substrate, allowing crosslinking into fibrin matrices, and a heparin-binding domain based on the antithrombin-III heparin-binding domain, heparin, and GDNF, which was sequestered based on its heparin-binding affinity. The objective of this research was to determine the release rate and biological activity of GDNF released from the ABDS in vitro. The ratio of peptide to heparin was found to modulate the rate of GDNF release. The biological activity of GDNF released from the ABDS was assayed using chick dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) neurite extension. Neurite extension was equivalent for fibrin matrices containing the ABDS for all concentrations of GDNF tested versus DRGs grown with GDNF in the media. Furthermore, neurite extension was enhanced in fibrin matrices containing 100 ng/mL of GDNF with the ABDS versus matrices with GDNF at a simliar dose but no ABDS. These results suggest that GDNF can be retained and released in a biologically activity form from the ABDS, and thus this approach may prove useful for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
Kidney Attack: Overdiagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury or Comprehensive Definition of Acute Kidney Syndromes? (2013)

heart with its severe consequences and may contribute to a better understanding of this dangerous condition. In spite of the multiple causes and the complex pathophysiology, so far we have only relied on one single parameter to diagnose AKI, i.e. serum creatinine. In the literature the reported incidence and mortality for AKI ranges from 1 to 31% while mortality ranges from 28 to 82%. This depends on the used definitions since diagnostic criteria and severity of the syndrome strongly affects both epidemiology and outcome [3] . While in the past, terms such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN) or acute renal failure (ARF) were mostly descriptive and they were never based on a specific biochemical syntax, today AKI is graded in terms of severity using both serum creatinine and urine output as criteria for the diagnosis. This has been the advance produced by ADQI with the creation of RIFLE, subsequently modified by AKIN stages and finally twigged by KDIGO guidelines [3, 4] . The term ‘kidney attack’ has no biochemical reference nor does it grade the severity of the insult, but it stresses the concept that while heart attack is documented or suspected by the presence of chest pain and EKG abnormalities, the kidney is a silent organ and clinical evidence for this disorder may be scanty although a severe condition may develop [1] . Furthermore, although clinically silent Acute kidney injury (AKI) is today facing a complex phase of characterization due to a lack of an accepted definition for a long time. The same problem occurred in the past to the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has undergone a long process over the years before finding a standardization of diagnostic criteria and a rationale classification. ACS are well defined by a screening process based on symptoms (chest pain at onset), EKG abnormalities (STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction and NSTEMI: non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) and biomarkers such as troponins (NSTEMI vs. renal angina). All these clinical pictures are somehow falling under the umbrella term of ‘heart attack’. Different names have been used to define a similar disorder for the kidney (acute tubular necrosis, acute renal failure, acute kidney disease) and although the commonest term is acute kidney injury/AKI, recently a consensus has been developed to call this syndrome ‘kidney attack’ [1, 2] . For the kidney, authors agree that the pathophysiology can be extremely complex and well beyond a single ischemic insult (toxic, allergic, metabolic, obstructive, septic). The final effect can be an acute structural damage (often tubular) and/or an acute dysfunction or both. There is an effort today to increase alertness and awareness about AKI; the term ‘kidney attack’ may recall what occurs in the Published online: August 20, 2013
Mammalian Cell-Free System Recapitulates the Early Events of Post-Fertilization Sperm Mitophagy (2021)

Propagation of paternal sperm-contributed mitochondrial genes, resulting in heteroplasmy, is seldom observed in mammals due to post-fertilization degradation of sperm mitochondria, referred to as sperm mitophagy. Whole organelle sperm mitochondrion degradation is thought to be mediated by the interplay between the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagic pathway (Song et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2016). Both porcine and primate post-fertilization sperm mitophagy rely on the ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptor, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), and the proteasome-interacting ubiquitinated protein dislocase, valosin-containing protein (VCP). Consequently, we anticipated that sperm mitophagy could be reconstituted in a cell-free system consisting of permeabilized mammalian spermatozoa co-incubated with porcine oocyte extracts. We found that SQSTM1 was detected in the midpiece/mitochondrial sheath of the sperm tail after, but not before, co-incubation with oocyte extracts. VCP was prominent in the sperm mitochondrial sheath both before and after the extract co-incubation and was also detected in the acrosome and postacrosomal sheath and the subacrosomal layer of the spermatozoa co-incubated with extraction buffer as control. Such patterns are consistent with our previous observation of SQSTM1 and VCP associating with sperm mitochondria inside the porcine zygote. In addition, it was observed that sperm head expansion mimicked the early stages of paternal pronucleus development in a zygote during prolonged sperm-oocyte extract co-incubation. Treatment with anti-SQSTM1 antibody during extract co-incubation prevented ooplasmic SQSTM1 binding to sperm mitochondria. Even in an interspecific cellular environment encompassing bull spermatozoa and porcine oocyte extract, ooplasmic SQSTM1 was recruited to heterospecific sperm mitochondria. Complementary with the binding of SQSTM1 and VCP to sperm mitochondria, two sperm-borne pro-mitophagy proteins, parkin co-regulated gene product (PACRG) and spermatogenesis associated 18 (SPATA18), underwent localization changes after extract coincubation, which were consistent with their degradation observed inside fertilized porcine oocytes. These results demonstrate that the early developmental events of post-fertilization sperm mitophagy observed in porcine zygote can be reconstituted in a cell-free system, which could become a useful tool for identifying additional molecules that regulate mitochondrial inheritance in mammals.
Advanced diagnostics for impact-flash spectroscopy on light-gas guns. (2007)

This study is best characterized as new technology development for implementing new sensors to investigate the optical characteristics of a rapidly expanding debris cloud resulting from hypervelocity impact regimes of 7 to 11 km/s. Our gas guns constitute a unique test bed that match operational conditions relevant to hypervelocity impact encountered in space engagements. We have demonstrated the use of (1) terahertz sensors, (2) silicon diodes for visible regimes, (3) germanium and InGaAs sensors for the near infrared regimes, and (4) the Sandia lightning detectors which are similar to the silicon diodes described in 2. The combination and complementary use of all these techniques has the strong potential of ''thermally'' characterizing the time dependent behavior of the radiating debris cloud. Complementary spectroscopic measurements provide temperature estimates of the impact generated debris by fitting its spectrum to a blackbody radiation function. This debris is time-dependent as its transport/expansion behavior is changing with time. The rapid expansion behavior of the debris cools the cloud rapidly, changing its thermal/temperature characteristics with time. A variety of sensors that span over a wide spectrum, varying from visible regime to THz frequencies, now gives us the potential to cover the impact over a broader temporal regime starting from high pressures (Mbar) high-temperatures (eV) to low pressures (mbar) low temperatures (less than room temperature) as the debris expands and cools.
Cross‐linked hyaluronic acid filler hydrolysis with hyaluronidase: Different settings to reproduce different clinical scenarios (2020)

Skin necrosis is the most severe complication arising from hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. To avoid skin necrosis, hyaluronidase should be injected along the course of the involved artery, to allow blood flow restoration. We evaluated the ability of hyaluronidase to degrade a HA filler in two simulated clinical situations-a compression case and an embolization case-to identify differences in the hyaluronidase injection. In the compression case, a bolus of HA filler was directly soaked in hyaluronidase solution; in the embolization case, a vein harvested from a living patient was filled with the same HA filler and then soaked in hyaluronidase. We then evaluated the quantity of HA remaining after 2 hr. While we found hydrolysis of HA in both cases, in the compression case, we detected almost complete hydrolysis, whereas in the embolization case we observed a reduction of the 60%. Our results support the hypothesis that vessel compression can be resolved with only one injection of hyaluronidase, while in the case of vascular embolization, repeated perivascular injections should be performed owing to the reduction of hyaluronidase activity.
Spectral loss characteristics of GeO 2 -P 2 O 5 -doped silica graded-index fibres in long-wavelength band (1979)

Spectral loss characteristics of GeO2-P2O5-doped silica graded-index fibres were investigated in the long-wavelength band. A broad absorption loss, increasing in proportion to the OH-ion concentration, was observed in the vicinity of 1.60 μm wavelength.
A simple method for fabricating silver nanotubes (2014)

We report an easy and simple approach for making silver nanotubes (NTs) using electrospinning.
Gene therapy on the move (2013)

The first gene therapy clinical trials were initiated more than two decades ago. In the early days, gene therapy shared the fate of many experimental medicine approaches and was impeded by the occurrence of severe side effects in a few treated patients. The understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to treatment- and/or vector-associated setbacks has resulted in the development of highly sophisticated gene transfer tools with improved safety and therapeutic efficacy. Employing these advanced tools, a series of Phase I/II trials were started in the past few years with excellent clinical results and no side effects reported so far. Moreover, highly efficient gene targeting strategies and site-directed gene editing technologies have been developed and applied clinically. With more than 1900 clinical trials to date, gene therapy has moved from a vision to clinical reality. This review focuses on the application of gene therapy for the correction of inherited diseases, the limitations and drawbacks encountered in some of the early clinical trials and the revival of gene therapy as a powerful treatment option for the correction of monogenic disorders.
Sensorless control of BLDCs for all speed ranges with minimal components (2011)

Sensorless control strategies for brushless DC motors (BLDC) offer cost-effective and fault-tolerant operation through replacing expensive position sensors with low-cost circuit components or taking advantage of on-board components. These drives mainly focus on two individual issues; first one is finding the initial rotor position at standstill, and the second one is driving BLDC at high speeds. Most of the studies focus on these two cases separately, proposing different circuit for each of them which adds to cost of the system. Therefore, it is desired to have control over all speed ranges including zero speed with same circuit elements if possible. This manuscript proposes a sensorless control method that combines initial position estimation by analyzing the stator core saturation and detection of zero crossings of back emf voltage by utilizing low pass filters with the same circuit topology. Results verify that a cost-effective drive can be achieved with proposed add-on resistor configuration and control method.
Role of sorafenib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: An update (2012)

Sorafenib is the first and only p.o. administrated drug currently approved to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, concerns have been raised about sorafenib therapy, including acquired drug resistance. This review provides an overview of sorafenib in the treatment of HCC on the basis of data obtained in the laboratory and in clinical studies. Three underlying mechanisms have been found to support sorafenib therapy. First, sorafenib blocks HCC cell proliferation by inhibiting BRaf and Raf1/c-Raf serine/threonine kinase phosphorylation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Second, sorafenib induces apoptosis by reducing elF4E phosphorylation and downregulating Mcl-1 levels in tumor cells. Third, sorafenib prevents tumor-associated angiogenesis by inactivating vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-2 and -3) and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β. Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness and relative safety of sorafenib, and thus the drug is used in unresectable HCC. However, many patients may develop acquired resistance to sorafenib, so their response to sorafenib is eventually lost. Sorafenib may induce autophagy, which leads to apoptosis. However, autophagy can also cause drug resistance. Many studies have combined sorafenib with other treatments in an effort to increase its effects, reduce the necessary dose or overcome resistance. It is urgent to study the mechanisms underlying how sorafenib interacts with cellular molecules and other drugs to increase its efficacy and reduce resistance in HCC patients.
Phomol, a New Antiinflammatory Metabolite from an Endophyte of the Medicinal Plant Erythrina crista-galli (2004)

Phomol (1), a novel antibiotic, was isolated from fermentations of a Phomopsis species in the course of a screening of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Erythrina crista-galli. For this Argentinean leguminosa antiinflammatory and neuroleptic activities have been described. The compound exhibits antifungal, antibacterial and weak cytotoxic acticity. The antiinflammatory activity was tested in different reporter gene assays (TNF-alpha, STAT1/STAT2 and NF-kappaB) and in an ear edema model in mice. In the reporter gene assays 1 exhibited no activity, whereas 1 showed interesting antiinflammatory activity in the mouse ear assay. The compound is a polyketide lactone and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods.