gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wear of structural oxide ceramics produced through additive manufacturing (2019)

Ceramics have exceptional tribological performance in high wear applications, but susceptibility to brittle fracture requires expensive postprocessing, including hot isostatic pressing and polishing. Consequently, additive manufacturing (AM) represents a collection of potentially costsaving approaches for ceramic production. AM technologies have been demonstrated for oxide ceramics, but the performance of self-mated AM materials remains unknown and underscores a critical knowledge gap. Alumina and zirconia pins produced with photo-polymerization, binderjetting, or material-jetting were obtained. For each fabrication method, the average wear coefficient was determined using pin-on-disk testing. Conventionally pressed and sintered ceramics were applied as counterface surfaces and controls. The manufacturing approach did not demonstrate differences in wear coefficient for zirconia. However, photopolymerized alumina was shown to outperform material-matched binder-jetted and conventional pin-disk tribopairs. Starting surface roughness and bulk density were found to correlate volumetric wear. Characterization of the AM ceramics revealed that photo-polymerization and material-jetting were capable of dense and refined microstructures. Evaluations indicate that ceramics produced with photo-polymerization and certain powder-bed AM approaches meet and exceed conventional ceramics, supporting the expansion of AM ceramic applications.
Advanced Phase Change Media for Blue Laser Recording of 18 GB Capacity for 0.65 Numerical Aperture and 30 GB Capacity for 0.85 Numerical Aperture (2003)

We attempted to improve phase change media to achieve larger capacity for systems with blue lasers using numerical apertures (NA) of both 0.85 and 0.65. It was found that the Bi-added GeTe-rich pseudo-binary composition promised high erase ratio even when we did not use any interface layers on a recording layer. The use of an absorption control layer (ACL) was also attempted to suppress the cross erase (XE). It was found that the ACL was very effective in suppressing the XE. The advanced phase change media that used the above novel technologies showed good analog performance. The advanced media also showed bER of less than 1.0×10-4, promising 18 GB capacity for an NA of 0.65 and 30 GB capacity for an NA of 0.85.
Characterization of recombinant glycosylated human interleukin 2 produced by a recombinant plasmid transformed CHO cell line (1987)

A recombinant plasmid containing expression units for human pre-interleukin 2 (pre-IL-2) and the selectable marker mouse DHFR, was constructed and used to transform DHFR- CHO cells to the DHFR+ phenotype. Selected colonies were isolated and tested for IL-2 production. Twelve highly IL-2-producing clones were amplified in stepwise increasing concentrations of methotrexate. The IL-2 secreted into the culture medium by one of these clones was purified to homogeneity and partially characterized. N-terminal sequence analysis showed that pre-IL-2 was correctly processed during secretion. SDS gel electrophoresis and chromatofocusing experiments in conjunction with neuraminidase treatment indicated a posttranslational glycosylation of the secreted mature protein similar to that described for the tetrasaccharide structure of the N2 form of natural IL-2. This recombinant IL-2 has a specific activity of 2.5 x 10(7) U/mg.
EBSD study of variant selection in red gold alloys during phase transformation under four point bending (2020)

The A0&rarr;L10 phase transformation, which appears in red gold alloys with compositions close to Au-Cu, is well known as diffusive. However, a shape memory effect has been reported in these alloys, which must involve variant selection during a displacive transformation. Therefore, in this work, the variant selection is studied by EBSD in a polycrystalline red gold alloy heat treated under 4-point bending. For the first time, the L10 domains could be identified by EBSD despite their c/a ratio close to unity and their nanometric scale. The orientation relationship between parent and daughter phases was determined and the mechanical work of the variant formation calculated from both the lattice distortion and the experimental orientations. The maximal work criterion, initially introduced for variant selection in martensitic transformations, was applied on large-scale areas with statistical data and it provided quantitative results on the degree of variant selection in both tension and compression.
cAMP-secretion coupling is impaired in diabetic GK/Par rat β-cells: a defect counteracted by GLP-1 (2011)

cAMP-raising agents with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as the first in class, exhibit multiple actions that are beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, including improvement of glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS). To gain additional insight into the role of cAMP in the disturbed stimulus-secretion coupling within the diabetic β-cell, we examined more thoroughly the relationship between changes in islet cAMP concentration and insulin release in the GK/Par rat model of T2D. Basal cAMP content in GK/Par islets was significantly higher, whereas their basal insulin release was not significantly different from that of Wistar (W) islets. Even in the presence of IBMX or GLP-1, their insulin release did not significantly change despite further enhanced cAMP accumulation in both cases. The high basal cAMP level most likely reflects an increased cAMP generation in GK/Par compared with W islets since 1) forskolin dose-dependently induced an exaggerated cAMP accumulation; 2) adenylyl cyclase (AC)2, AC3, and G s α proteins were overexpressed; 3) IBMX-activated cAMP accumulation was less efficient and PDE-3B and PDE-1C mRNA were decreased. Moreover, the GK/Par insulin release apparatus appears less sensitive to cAMP, since GK/Par islets released less insulin at submaximal cAMP levels and required five times more cAMP to reach a maximal secretion rate no longer different from W. GLP-1 was able to reactivate GK/Par insulin secretion so that GIIS became indistinguishable from that of W. The exaggerated cAMP production is instrumental, since GLP-1-induced GIIS reactivation was lost in the presence the AC blocker 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine. This GLP-1 effect takes place in the absence of any improvement of the [Ca 2+ ] i response and correlates with activation of the cAMP-dependent PKA-dependent pathway.
Application and Field Validation of a Continuous Nonmethane Organic Carbon Analyzer (2001)

Nonmethane organic carbon (NMOC) is a measure of total organic carbon except for that from CH4. We recently reported the development of online instrumentation for continuous NMOC monitoring. This instrument, referred to as C-NMOC, uses a microsorbent trap in combination with a gas-sampling valve as the sampling interface. A conventional oxidation/reduction NMOC detector is used for quantitation. In addition to being an online concentrator and an injector, the microtrap serves as a separator that isolates NMOC from H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, and other background gases. Therefore, the C-NMOC is able to handle high concentrations of background gases commonly found in stack emissions and has detection limits in the ppb levels. This paper reports the results of field validation and testing of a C-NMOC analyzer at a coatings facility in the eastern United States. The instrument was able to monitor the process transients in real time, based on which corrective actions could be taken. It demonstrated good accuracy, high precision, and long-term stability.
Sidewall epitaxial piezoresistor process and characterisation for in-plane force sensing applications (2009)

A selective epitaxial fabrication method to form piezoresistors on the sidewalls of microfabricated cantilevers for in-plane force sensing applications and their preliminary characterisation results is reported. The piezoresistors were made of a doped silicon epitaxial layer using a selective deposition technique by tailoring the process conditions. Silicon oxide was used as a mask, dichlorosilane (DCS) was used as a source gas in a reduced pressure environment and HCl was used to improve selectivity. The authors found that the deposition rates were dependent on the trench widths. The authors further characterised the current–voltage behaviour, noise and sensitivity of these epitaxial sidewall piezoresistors. A typical cantilever had resistance of 0.6 kΩ, 1/f coefficient, α=8, sensitivity of 1100 V/N (880 V/m) and resolution of 9.5 nN integrated over the band 10 Hz–10 kHz. Its sensitivity and resolution are comparable to single-crystal ion implanted piezoresistors and better than most polysilicon or diffused piezoresistors.
A common performance monitoring system for Wi-Fi and 3GPP networks (2013)

Integration of Carrier Wi-Fi and 3rd. generation partnership project (3GPP) networks is currently one of the hottest topics in the agenda of the mobile industry. Wi-Fi is one key element of heterogeneous networks to handle the traffic explosion in the coming years and as such an integral part of a complete mobile broadband solution. In order to exploit its full potential, Wi-Fi will more and more be seen as an additional radio access technology (RAT) in the mobile network. A path to this is currently being paved in different 3GPP and Wi-Fi related for a and accomplishing this vision requires a number of elements to be considered including strategies for access selection and a common network management framework. This paper addresses a contribution towards this direction. We demonstrate a common performance monitoring (PM) system for Wi-Fi and 3GPP networks. The solution relies on the correlation of performance traces from both technologies and Wi-Fi access point (AP) probes. Interworking key performance indicators (KPIs) are defined assuming the state of the art for Wi-Fi and 3GPP seamless authentication, based on the extensive authentication protocol-subscriber identity module (EAP-SIM) framework. The demo consists of giving an overview of the system architecture, description of different mobility use cases for vertical handovers between Wi-Fi and 3GPP networks and the presentation of the interworking performance recorded from active tests.
Development and Characterization of a Potent Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFA1) Fluorescent Tracer (2016)

The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) is a potential target for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Although several potent agonists have been described, there remains a strong need for suitable tracers to interrogate ligand binding to this receptor. We address this by exploring fluorophore-tethering to known potent FFA1 agonists. This led to the development of 4, a high affinity FFA1 tracer with favorable and polarity-dependent fluorescent properties. A close to ideal overlap between the emission spectrum of the NanoLuciferase receptor tag and the excitation spectrum of 4 enabled the establishment of a homogeneous BRET-based binding assay suitable for both detailed kinetic studies and high throughput competition binding studies. Using 4 as a tracer demonstrated that the compound acts fully competitively with selected synthetic agonists but not with lauric acid and allowed for the characterization of binding affinities of a diverse selection of known FFA1 agonists, indicating that 4 will be a valuable tool for future studies at FFA1.
Contrasting weight changes with LY2605541 , a novel long‐acting insulin, and insulin glargine despite similar improved glycaemic control in T1DM and T2DM (2013)

In two Phase 2 trials, improved glycaemic control with long-acting basal insulin analogue LY2605541 is associated with weight loss in previously insulin-treated patients. This weight change is independent of baseline BMI or hypoglycaemia.
Effect of VLSI fabrication errors on kinoform efficiency (1990)

Computer simulations are used to investigate the effects of vlsi fabrication errors on the efficiency of kinoforms. Fabrication and error models are described. Simulation results are presented and discussed.
The synthesis of linear Finite State Machine-based Stochastic Computational Elements (2012)

The Stochastic Computational Element (SCE) uses streams of random bits (stochastic bits streams) to perform computation with conventional digital logic gates. It can guarantee reliable computation using unreliable devices. In stochastic computing, the linear Finite State Machine (FSM) can be used to implement some sophisticated functions, such as the exponentiation and tanh functions, more efficiently than combinational logic. However, a general approach about how to synthesize a linear FSM-based SCE for a target function has not been available. In this paper, we will introduce three properties of the linear FSM used in stochastic computing and demonstrate a general approach to synthesize a linear FSM-based SCE for a target function. Experimental results show that our approach produces circuits that are much more tolerant of soft errors than deterministic implementations, while the area-delay product of the circuits are less than that of deterministic implementations.
The Cellular C1 Factor of the Herpes Simplex Virus Enhancer Complex Is a Family of Polypeptides (1995)

The alpha/immediate early genes of herpes simplex virus are regulated by the specific assembly of a multiprotein enhancer complex containing the Oct-1 POU domain protein, the viral alpha-transinduction factor alpha TIF, (VP16, ICP25), and the C1 cellular factor. The C1 factor from mammalian cells is a heterogeneous but related set of polypeptides that interact directly with the alpha-transinduction factor to form a heteromeric protein complex. The isolation of cDNAs encoding the polypeptides of the C1 factor suggests that these proteins are proteolytic products of a novel precursor. The sequence of the amino termini of these polypeptide products indicate that the proteins are generated by site-specific cleavages within a reiterated 20-amino acid sequence. Although the C1 factor appears to be ubiquitously expressed, it is localized to subnuclear structures in specific cell types.
P168 Safety and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): one-year data from post-marketing surveillance in the united states (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the two replicate, 52-week, placebo-controlled INPULSIS® trials, nintedanib 150 mg twice daily significantly reduced the annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity compared with placebo and had a side-effect profile that was manageable for most patients. After the US approval of nintedanib for the treatment of IPF in October 2014, post-marketing surveillance was initiated to obtain additional information on the safety and tolerability of nintedanib in the real-world clinical setting. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were collected from the drug safety database from the time of drug launch (15 October 2014) to 23 October 2015. Data on adverse events in patients treated with nintedanib were collected both via proactive patient communications, as part of a patient support programme, and by the spontaneous reporting system. Adverse events were coded according to preferred terms in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Serious adverse events were defined according to International Conference on Harmonisation criteria as adverse events that were fatal or life threatening, required or prolonged hospitalisation, were associated with a congenital anomaly, or resulted in a disability. <h3>Results</h3> In the period from drug launch to 23 October 2015, 6,758 patients were treated with nintedanib, with duration of exposure 6 to 390 days (median 113 days). This analysis will present 1-year adverse event data collected both via proactive patient communications, as part of a patient support programme, and by the spontaneous reporting system. Previously reported data collected from drug launch up to 31 May 2015, from 3,838 patients, were consistent with the safety profile described in the product label. In this dataset and as observed in the Phase III trials, the most frequently reported adverse events with nintedanib were gastrointestinal in nature and non-serious in severity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Data from post-marketing surveillance in the US are consistent with the safety profile of nintedanib as described in the label. Treatment with nintedanib in the real-world clinical setting appears to have an acceptable safety and tolerability profile, with no new safety concerns identified.
Integrated, Stretched, and Adiabatic Solid Effects (2022)

This paper presents a theory describing the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) process associated with an arbitrary frequency swept microwave pulse. The theory is utilized to explain the integrated solid effect (ISE) as well as the newly discovered stretched solid effect (SSE) and adiabatic solid effect (ASE). It is verified with experiments performed at 9.4 GHz (0.34 T) on single crystals of naphthalene doped with pentacene-<i>d</i><sub>14</sub>. It is shown that the SSE and ASE can be more efficient than the ISE. Furthermore, the theory predicts that the efficiency of the SSE improves at high magnetic fields, where the EPR line width is small compared to the nuclear Larmor frequency. In addition, we show that the ISE, SSE, and ASE are based on similar physical principles and we suggest definitions to distinguish among them.
BRADYKININ‐INDUCED RELAXATION OF RENAL AND PULMONARY ARTERIES IS DEPENDENT UPON INTACT ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (1981)

When most arteries are removed from mammals and man, the in vitro response to kinins, particularly of helically-cut vascular strips, is usually one of contraction; and often no response is observed. This is in sharp contrast to the in situ arterial vasodilator action of kinins. The reason(s) for this transformation is not known. The present in vitro experiments demonstrate that bradykinin can produce potent relaxation of canine isolated intrapulmonary arteries (threshold concentration = 7.5 +/- 2.7 x 10(-10) M) and renal arteries (threshold concentration = 3.2 +/- 1.6 x 10(-10) M) contracted by phenylephrine, provided the endothelium is left intact. Selective, mechanical destruction of the endothelium transforms the vasodilator activity of bradykinin to either contraction or to no response at all. Our results probably explain why previous investigators have found that bradykinin usually induced contraction, rather than relaxation, of excised peripheral arteries.
Optimizing labelling conditions of 213Bi-DOTATATE for preclinical applications of peptide receptor targeted alpha therapy (2016)

213Bismuth (213Bi, T1/2 = 45.6 min) is one of the most frequently used α-emitters in cancer research. High specific activity radioligands are required for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. The use of generators containing less than 222 MBq 225Ac (actinium), due to limited availability and the high cost to produce large-scale 225Ac/213Bi generators, might complicate in vitro and in vivo applications though. Here we present optimized labelling conditions of a DOTA-peptide with an 225Ac/213Bi generator (< 222 MBq) for preclinical applications using DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE), a somatostatin analogue. The following labelling conditions of DOTATATE with 213Bi were investigated; peptide mass was varied from 1.7 to 7.0 nmol, concentration of TRIS buffer from 0.15 mol.L-1 to 0.34 mol.L-1, and ascorbic acid from 0 to 71 mmol.L-1 in 800 μL. All reactions were performed at 95 °C for 5 min. After incubation, DTPA (50 nmol) was added to stop the labelling reaction. Besides optimizing the labelling conditions, incorporation yield was determined by ITLC-SG and radiochemical purity (RCP) was monitored by RP-HPLC up to 120 min after labelling. Dosimetry studies in the reaction vial were performed using Monte Carlo and in vitro clonogenic assay was performed with a rat pancreatic tumour cell line, CA20948. At least 3.5 nmol DOTATATE was required to obtain incorporation ≥ 99 % with 100 MBq 213Bi (at optimized pH conditions, pH 8.3 with 0.15 mol.L-1 TRIS) in a reaction volume of 800 μL. The cumulative absorbed dose in the reaction vial was 230 Gy/100 MBq in 30 min. A minimal final concentration of 0.9 mmol.L-1 ascorbic acid was required for ~100 MBq (t = 0) to minimize radiation damage of DOTATATE. The osmolarity was decreased to 0.45 Osmol/L. Under optimized labelling conditions, 213Bi-DOTATATE remained stable up to 2 h after labelling, RCP was ≥ 85 %. In vitro showed a negative correlation between ascorbic acid concentration and cell survival. 213Bismuth-DOTA-peptide labelling conditions including peptide amount, quencher and pH were optimized to meet the requirements needed for preclinical applications in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.
Parametric array for tissue harmonic imaging (2016)

More than 50% of abdominal scans are performed on technically difficult patients due to worldwide increase of obesity. Tissue harmonic imaging has shown some improvements on obese patients but the problem remains unsolved. The use of dual frequency pulses allows the generation of sum and difference frequencies in tissue. We hypothesize that the difference frequency (Δf, parametric array) can survive larger penetration depths and increase SNR while maintaining the spatial characteristics of the primary wave. Our objective was to optimize the parameters for efficient generation of the parametric array and study its spatial characteristics for imaging obese patients. Numerical simulations using KZK equation and measurements in tissue-like media were performed to study parametric arrays. Pulses with two frequencies (f1, f2) were considered where 0.1f1≤Δf≤f1. Pulse inversion was utilized to isolate even harmonics, including Δf. The amplitude of Δf was maximized at Δf = f1. The axial resolution is not seriously compromised by the lower frequency of Δf when using PI. For 0.5 dB/cm attenuation difference between Δf and 2f1, Δf echoes from 20 cm deep were greater by 10 dB. Application of the parametric array on larger technically difficult patients would offer similar benefits as those in sonar applications.
Transient, in situ synthesis of ultrafine ruthenium nanoparticles for a high-rate Li–CO2 battery (2019)

Ultrafine Ru nanoparticles anchored on freestanding activated carbon nanofibers with porous structure are synthesized as a high performing cathode for Li–CO<sub>2</sub> batteries <italic>via</italic> a transient, <italic>in situ</italic> thermal shock method.