gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Gap Derivatives for Measuring Blood Concentration of Fabric Using Vibrational Spectroscopy (2015)

Derivatives are common preprocessing tools, typically implemented as Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing derivatives. This work discusses the implementation and optimization of fourth-order gap derivatives (GDs) as an alternative to SG derivatives for processing infrared spectra before multivariate calibration. Gap derivatives approximate the analytical derivative by calculating finite differences of spectra without curve fitting. Gap derivatives offer an advantage of tunability for spectral data as the distance (gap) over which this finite difference is calculated can be varied. Gap selection is a compromise between signal attenuation, noise amplification, and spectral resolution. A method and discussion of the importance of fourth derivative gap selections are presented as well as a comparison to SG preprocessing and lower-order GDs in the context of multivariate calibration. In most cases, we found that optimized GDs led to calibration models performing comparably to or better than SG derivatives, and that optimized fourth-order GDs behaved similarly to matched filters.
Coronary artery bypass grafting using a miniature right ventricular support system (2000)

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with cardioplegic myocardial preservation has long been the gold standard for surgical care of coronary artery disease. More recently, alternatives to the conventional approach of CPB-myocardial revascularization have been developed. Epicardial stabilizing devices have been used to immobilize areas of the beating heart to provide a stable surface for some coronary anastomoses. These approaches are often limited to anterior aspects of the heart because revascularization of posterior and lateral vessels often requires the heart to be manipulated or contorted. Excessive manipulation can lead to hemodynamic compromise as a result of partially obstructing pulmonary blood flow. A miniature extracorporeal system has been developed that uses right ventricular support and allows for epicardial surgical procedures to be conducted on a beating heart without standard CPB. The extracorporeal system consists of a coaxial atrial cannula that is connected to a miniature centrifugal pump. Blood is drained from the right atrium, passes through the miniature centrifugal pump and is delivered through the cannula's inner reinfusion lumen into the pulmonary artery. The entire circuit volume is approximately 30 ml. The system is positioned on the sterile operative field. The pump is controlled by a console positioned adjacent to the patient. The centrifugal pump is capable of delivering blood flow at rates of 1-6 l/min. This extracorporeal system may be of benefit in maintaining adequate cardiac output during epicardial beating heart surgery.
Three versus one year of adjuvant imatinib for high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): Survival analysis of a randomized trial after 10 years of follow-up. (2020)

11503 Background: Adjuvant imatinib improves recurrence-free survival (RFS) when administered after surgery to selected patients with operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). It is uncertain whether overall survival (OS) improves, since imatinib improved OS in only one of the 3 large randomized trials conducted, and in this trial (the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group XVIII/German trial; SSGXVIII/AIO; NCT00116935) the statistical significance for OS remained borderline. The objective of the present analysis was to evaluate long-term OS of patients who participated in the SSGXVIII/AIO trial. Methods: SSGXVIII/AIO is an open-label, randomized (1:1), multicenter phase 3 trial. Four hundred patients who underwent macroscopically complete surgery for GIST with a high estimated risk for recurrence according to the modified National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria were accrued between February 2004 and September 2008. Imatinib was scheduled to be administered 400 mg/day orally for either 12 months or 36 months after surgery. The patients were scheduled to be followed up for 10 years after study entry. Imaging of the abdomen was carried out periodically. The primary end point was RFS; the secondary objectives included OS and treatment safety. Results: The median follow-up time was 119 months. In the Intention-To-Treat Population 194 RFS events and 96 OS events were recorded. In the 36-month group, 5-year and 10-year RFS was 71.4% and 52.5%, and in the 12-month group, 53.0% and 41.8%, respectively (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49-0.87; P = .003). In the 36-month group, the 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 92.0% and 79.0%, and in the 12-month group, 85.5% and 65.3%, respectively (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37-0.83; P = .004). In the Efficacy Population, from which 15 patients who did not have GIST in central pathology review and 24 patients who had intra-abdominal metastases removed at surgery were excluded, 10-year OS was 81.6% in the 36-month group and 66.8% in the 12-month group (HR, 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.80; P = .003). No new safety signals were detected. Conclusions: About 50% of deaths can be avoided during the first decade of follow-up after surgery with 3-year imatinib treatment as compared to 1-year treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT00116935 .
Antimetastatic Effect by Anti‐adhesion Therapy with Cell‐adhesive Peptide of Fibronectin in Combination with Anticancer Drugs (1993)

We have investigated the therapeutic effect of CH-271 fusion polypeptide containing both cell-binding domain (C-274) and heparin-binding domain (H-271) of fibronectin in combination with anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) or mitomycin C (MMC) on tumor metastasis of different types of tumors. CH-271 fusion polypeptide alone significantly inhibited both liver and lung metastasis when it was co-injected with L5178Y-ML25 T-lymphoma, RAW117-H10 B-lymphoma or B16-BL6 melanoma cells, and spontaneous lung metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells when administered i.v. seven times before or after surgical excision of the primary tumors. Combined treatments with CH-271 and either DOX or MMC significantly inhibited liver and lung metastasis of lymphoma or melanoma cells respectively, as compared with either treatment alone or the untreated control. Administrations of CH-271 and DOX in combination substantially prolonged the survival time of mice injected i.v. with L5178Y-ML25 cells. CH-271 or DOX was effective for inhibiting the invasion of L5178Y-ML25 cells into Matrigel in a concentration-dependent manner. Our previous study has shown that CH-271-mediated inhibition of tumor invasion may be due in part to the anti-cell adhesive property without affecting the cell growth, whereas the anti-invasive effect of DOX was established to have resulted from the growth inhibition of tumor cells. Moreover, the combination of CH-271 with DOX provided a more effective inhibition of tumor invasion into Matrigel than did either alone. Thus, we have demonstrated that the combination of anti-cell adhesive CH-271 and anticancer drugs such as DOX or MMC, i.e. anti-adhesion therapy and chemotherapy, is a new approach that offers enhanced (additive) inhibitory effects on tumor metastasis and invasion.
Control of Shape and Size of Nanopillar Assembly by Adhesion-Mediated Elastocapillary Interaction (2010)

Control of self-organization of nanofibers into regular clusters upon evaporation-induced assembly is receiving increasing attention due to the potential importance of this process in a range of applications including particle trapping, adhesives, and structural color. Here we present a comprehensive study of this phenomenon using a periodic array of polymeric nanopillars with tunable parameters as a model system to study how geometry, mechanical properties, as well as surface properties influence capillary-induced self-organization. In particular, we show that varying the parameters of the building blocks of self-assembly provides us with a simple means of controlling the size, chirality, and anisotropy of complex structures. We observe that chiral assemblies can be generated within a narrow window for each parameter even in the absence of chiral building blocks or a chiral environment. Furthermore, introducing anisotropy in the building blocks provides a way to control both the chirality and the size of the assembly. While capillary-induced self-assembly has been studied and modeled as a quasi-static process involving the competition between only capillary and elastic forces, our results unequivocally show that both adhesion and kinetics are equally important in determining the final assembly. Our findings provide insight into how multiple parameters work together in capillary-induced self-assembly and provide us with a diverse set of options for fabricating a variety of nanostructures by self-assembly.
Long-Circulating Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug and Gene Delivery to Tumors (2006)

The surface-modified long-circulating polymeric nanoparticles are used to deliver both genes and drugs to the tumor tissues. The mechanisms of long-circulation through steric hindrance when in circulation and preferential accumulation in the tumor mass or inside the cells as a result of the cleavage of the disulfide bonds in the highly reductive tumor-microenvironment can be exploited for the delivery of drugs and genes in clinical applications. There are multiple factors affecting the delivery of drugs and genes to tumors. Factors such as blood flow, angiogenesis, microvessel density, interstitial pressure, macrophage activity, extracellular and intracellular components, and, most importantly, the physicochemical properties of the drug carrier play an important role in the transport of drugs and macromolecules to tumors. The accumulation of polymeric nanoparticles carrying drugs is dependent on the physical chemistry of the polymer, including molecular weight, surface charge, nature of the polymer.
Cross-linker-Modulated Nanogel Flexibility Correlates with Tunable Targeting to a Sterically Impeded Endothelial Marker (2019)

Deformability of injectable nanocarriers impacts rheological behavior, drug loading, and affinity target adhesion. Here, we present atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopy measurements of nanocarrier Young's moduli, tune the moduli of deformable nanocarriers with cross-linkers, and demonstrate vascular targeting behavior that correlates with Young's modulus. Homobifunctional cross-linkers were introduced into lysozyme-dextran nanogels (NGs). Single particle-scale AFM measurements determined NG moduli varying from ∼50-150 kPa for unmodified NGs or NGs with a short hydrophilic cross-linker (2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine), EOD) to ∼350 kPa for NGs modified with a longer hydrophilic cross-linker (4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecanediamine, DODD) to ∼10 MPa for NGs modified with a longer hydrophobic cross-linker (1,12-diaminododecane, DAD). Cross-linked NGs were conjugated to antibodies for plasmalemma vesicle associated protein (PLVAP), a caveolar endothelial marker that cannot be accessed by rigid particles larger than ∼100 nm. In previous work, 150 nm NGs effectively targeted PLVAP, where rigid particles of similar diameter did not. EOD-modified NGs targeted PLVAP less effectively than unmodified NGs, but more effectively than DODD or DAD modified NGs, which both yielded low levels of targeting, resembling results previously obtained with polystyrene particles. Cross-linked NGs were also conjugated to antibodies against intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an endothelial marker accessible to large rigid particles. Cross-linked NGs and unmodified NGs targeted uniformly to ICAM-1. We thus demonstrate cross-linker modification of NGs, AFM determination of NG mechanical properties varying with cross-linker, and tuning of specific sterically constrained vascular targeting behavior in correlation with cross-linker-modified NG mechanical properties.
Two-photon excitation of the D /sup 1/. delta. --X /sup 1/. sigma. /sup +/ transition in carbon monoxide (1983)

A frequency doubled pulsed dye laser is used to promote two-photon excitation of the D/sup 1/..delta..-X/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ transition in carbon monoxide. Collisional transfer to A/sup 1/Pi leads to ultraviolet fluorescence which is detected with a solar blind photomultiplier. Rotationally resolved structure belonging to bands of three isotopically substituted molecules has been measured relative to the visible spectrum of iodine. Preliminary values of molecular constants are given.
INK JET PROCESSING OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLE SUSPENSIONS FOR ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY FABRICATION (2004)

A solution-processable approach in creating gold circuit electrodes with features as fine as 100 μm is demonstrated, using a piezoelectrically driven printhead to deposit metallic nanoparticle suspensions. The suspensions consist of gold particles ranging 5–20 nm in diameter suspended in a toluene solvent. The amount of gold nanoparticles present in the suspensions ranges between 30 to 50% by weight. Inductor and capacitor electrode patterns are deposited onto a glass substrate and thermally processed to drive off the solvent and allow the nanoparticles to coalesce/sinter, thereby yielding a conductive path with an electrical resistivity of O(10−7) Ωm.
Nematische Flüssigkristalle für Aktiv-Matrix-Displays: Design und Synthese (2000)

Substanzen, die calamitische Mesophasen bilden, kennt man schon seit mehr als 100 Jahren, doch erst der rasche Fortschritt in der Technik der Aktiv-Matrix-Flüssigkristalldisplays (AM-LCDs) führte dazu, dass sie ihre heutige Bedeutung in der Flachbildschirmtechnologie erlangen konnten. Auf Grund ihres hohen Kontrastes, des weiten Blickwinkels und der kurzen Schaltzeiten erreichen moderne AM-LCDs eine Bildqualität, die häufig sogar der von konventionellen Kathodenstrahlröhren überlegen ist. Geringer Platzbedarf, geringes Gewicht und geringer Energieverbrauch machen sie zur Technologie der Wahl für viele tragbare elektronische Geräte. Einige der Zukunftsperspektiven der AM-LCD-Technologie konzentrieren sich auf die Entwicklung flüssigkristalliner Substanzen für die verschiedensten Aktiv-Matrix-Anwendungsbereiche. Zum einen zielt diese Entwicklung auf verbesserte elektrooptische und viskoelastische Eigenschaften ab, zum anderen führt die zunehmende Leistungsfähigkeit der LCDs zu äußerst strengen Anforderungen an die Qualität der Materialien. Um diesen gerecht zu werden, sind die meisten Flüssigkristalle für AM-LCD-Anwendungen heutzutage mehrfach fluorierte Verbindungen von hohem Reinheitsgrad, wie er in der Elektronikindustrie typisch ist. Für die Synthese dieser so genannten SFMs (superfluorinated materials) bedarf es oft spezieller Methoden, die in einigen Fällen erst auf den Maßstab industrieller Produktion übertragen werden mussten. Der ungeheure Marktdruck und der rasche Fortschritt in der AM-LCD-Technologie bei den Displayherstellern drängt geradezu auf ein schnelleres Tempo bei der Entwicklung dieser Substanzen. Dieser Forderung kann man mit dem konventionellen Vorgehen, das den Erfolg häufig dem Zufall überlässt, nicht mehr gerecht werden. Wie in der pharmazeutischen Industrie werden bei der Suche nach neuen, besseren Flüssigkristallen die rein empirischen Methoden vermehrt durch ein rationales Design auf der Grundlage von Rechenverfahren unterstützt.
Scale Dependence of Diffusion in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs for CO2 Injection (2010)

Abstract Based on detailed compositional simulations of matrix/fracture systems, we present results of the impact of diffusion on oil recovery by CO2 injection for small-scale laboratory experiments and field-scale systems. We consider reservoir conditions that lead to a range of recovery mechanisms from clearly immiscible to near-miscible. Laboratory experimentation is a desirable approach to understanding the recovery mechanism of CO2 injection in fractured oil reservoirs because an unusual combination of complex physical phenomena exists. A fundamental problem with this approach is scaling the results to field conditions, and particularly matrix block size which is often many (5–100) times larger than laboratory cores. Molecular diffusion is clearly affected by matrix block dimensions, and any affect of diffusion on the recovery mechanism would also be scale dependent. In this paper we provide guidelines and computational examples of laboratory tests to study CO2 recovery processes, including diffusion. We also study the change in recovery processes as matrix/fracture dimensions approach field scale. We recommend using reservoir core or outcrop samples similar to the actual reservoir rock, with dimensions (5–25 in2 horizontal area and 10–30 in high). A synthetic model oil can be constructed to mimic PVT properties of the actual reservoir oil, and in particular the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) as defined by a traditional 1D multi-contact displacement process – MMP1D, reduced gas-oil interfacial tensions (IFT) and oil-gas density differences. The core should be placed in a container with annular space representing the fracture. CO2 is injected at various rates into the annular space, at relevant reservoir pressures both above and below the MMP1D. In this work, the effect of several key parameters are studied – matrix permeability, matrix block size, CO2 injection rate and reservoir pressure. One of the key results is the effect of diffusion on oil recovery, and how it varies with matrix block size and CO2 injection rate. We show that diffusion has a dominant effect on recovery mechanism in experimental tests, except at very low CO2 injection rates. For field-scale matrix/fracture systems, diffusion has a significant effect on the rate of recovery, the effect becoming noticeable for low reservoir pressures and/or high fracture densities. Compared with earlier studies on the Iranian Haft-Kel reservoir considered in this paper, our current work shows that the rate of high recoveries by CO2 injection reaches more than 90% 2–10 years with diffusion, versus &amp;gt;100 years in the absence of diffusion, for an 8x8-foot matrix grid.
The Lumbar Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joints: A Role in the Pathogenesis of Spinal Pain Syndromes and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis (2002)

The zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar spine are important structural components contributing to the stability of the lumbar motion segments. Pathology of the zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar spine may be a significant cause of low back pain and segmental instability within the lumbar spine. Management of pathology related to the zygapophyseal joints remains a difficult challenge for the physician caring for patients with spinal disorders. Future investigations with tissue engineering, ligamentous reconstructions, and intervertebral disc replacement or regeneration may have useful applications in the treatment of zygapophyseal joint pathology.
The Neural Architecture of Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories (2009)

The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is regarded as a region of the brain that supports self-referential processes, including the integration of sensory information with self-knowledge and the retrieval of autobiographical information. I used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a novel procedure for eliciting autobiographical memories with excerpts of popular music dating to one's extended childhood to test the hypothesis that music and autobiographical memories are integrated in the MPFC. Dorsal regions of the MPFC (Brodmann area 8/9) were shown to respond parametrically to the degree of autobiographical salience experienced over the course of individual 30 s excerpts. Moreover, the dorsal MPFC also responded on a second, faster timescale corresponding to the signature movements of the musical excerpts through tonal space. These results suggest that the dorsal MPFC associates music and memories when we experience emotionally salient episodic memories that are triggered by familiar songs from our personal past. MPFC acted in concert with lateral prefrontal and posterior cortices both in terms of tonality tracking and overall responsiveness to familiar and autobiographically salient songs. These findings extend the results of previous autobiographical memory research by demonstrating the spontaneous activation of an autobiographical memory network in a naturalistic task with low retrieval demands.
Card9 mediates susceptibility to intestinal pathogens through microbiota modulation and control of bacterial virulence (2017)

Objective: In association with innate and adaptive immunity, the microbiota controls the colonisation resistance against intestinal pathogens. Caspase recruitment domain 9 (CARD9), a key innate immunity gene, is required to shape a normal gut microbiota. Card9–/– mice are more susceptible to the enteric mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium that mimics human infections with enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Here, we examined how CARD9 controls C. rodentium infection susceptibility through microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent mechanisms.Design: C. rodentium infection was assessed in conventional and germ-free (GF) wild-type (WT) and Card9–/– mice. To explore the impact of Card9–/–microbiota in infection susceptibility, GF WT mice were colonised with WT (WT→GF) or Card9–/– (Card9–/–→GF) microbiota before C. rodentium infection. Microbiota composition was determined by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Inflammation severity was determined by histology score and lipocalin level. Microbiota–host immune system interactions were assessed by quantitative PCR analysis.Results: CARD9 controls pathogen virulence in a microbiota-independent manner by supporting a specific humoral response. Higher susceptibility to C. rodentium-induced colitis was observed in Card9–/–→GF mice. The microbiota of Card9–/– mice failed to outcompete the monosaccharide-consuming C. rodentium, worsening the infection severity. A polysaccharide-enriched diet counteracted the ecological advantage of C. rodentium and the defective pathogen-specific antibody response in Card9–/– mice.Conclusions: CARD9 modulates the susceptibility to intestinal infection by controlling the pathogen virulence in a microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent manner. Genetic susceptibility to intestinal pathogens can be overridden by diet intervention that restores humoural immunity and a competing microbiota.
Inhibition of .gamma.-butyrobetaine hydroxylase by cyclopropyl-substituted .gamma.-butyrobetaines (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of .gamma.-butyrobetaine hydroxylase by cyclopropyl-substituted .gamma.-butyrobetainesRussell C. Petter, Satyajit Banerjee, and Sasha EnglardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 10, 3088–3097Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00297a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00297a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views926Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts