gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MODEL ADAPTATION FOR SENTENCE SEGMENTATION FROM SPEECH (2006)

This paper analyzes various methods to adapt sentence segmentation models trained on conversational telephone speech (CTS) to meeting style conversations. The sentence segmentation model trained using a large amount of CTS data is used to improve the performance when various amounts of meeting data are available. We test the sentence segmentation performance on both reference and speech-to-text (STT) conditions on the ICSI MRDA meeting corpus using the switchboard CTS Corpus as the out-of-domain data. Results show that the sentence segmentation performance is significantly improved by the adapted classification model compared to the one obtained by using in-domain data only, independently of the amount of in-domain data used: 17.5% and 8.4% relative error reductions with only 1,000 and 3,000 in-domain sentences, respectively, and 3.7% relative error reduction with all in-domain data of 80,000 words.
A New Evidence Model for Missing Data Speech Recognition With Applications in Reverberant Multi-Source Environments (2010)

Conventional hidden Markov model (HMM) decoders often experience severe performance degradations in practice due to their inability to cope with uncertain data in time-varying environments. In order to address this issue, we propose the bounded-Gauss-Uniform mixture probability density function (pdf) as a new class of evidence model for missing data speech recognition. Exemplary for a hands-free speech recognition scenario, we illustrate how the parameters of the new mixture pdf can be estimated with the help of a multi-channel source separation front-end. In comparison with other models the new evidence pdf retains a fuller description of the available data and provides a more effective link between source separation and recognition. The superiority of the bounded-Gauss-Uniform mixture pdf over conventional approaches is demonstrated for a connected digits recognition task under varying test conditions.
Review of Oxygenation with Nanobubbles: Possible Treatment for Hypoxic COVID-19 Patients (2021)

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has spread around the world, caused the death of many affected patients, partly because of the lack of oxygen arising from impaired respiration or blood circulation. Thus, maintaining an appropriate level of oxygen in the patients' blood by devising alternatives to ventilator systems is a top priority goal for clinicians. The present review highlights the ever-increasing application of nanobubbles (NBs), miniature gaseous vesicles, for the oxygenation of hypoxic patients. Oxygen-containing NBs can exert a range of beneficial physiologic and pharmacologic effects that include tissue oxygenation, as well as tissue repair mechanisms, antiinflammatory properties, and antibacterial activity. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of the application of oxygen-containing NBs, with a primary focus on the development of intravenous platforms. The multimodal functions of oxygen-carrying NBs, including antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, drug carrying, and the promotion of wound healing are discussed, including the benefits and challenges of using NBs as a treatment for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, particularly due to COVID-19.
Alzheimer's presenilin 1 gene expression in platelets and megakaryocytes (1996)

The presenilin 1 (PS1) gene located on chromosome 14 has been linked with the majority of early-onset FAD. The normal biological role of PS1 as well as the mechanism by which mutations in PS1 cause FAD remains unknown. PS1 expression in platelets and the Dami megakaryocytic cell line was examined by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Using an anti-N-terminus PS1 antibody we detected PS1 immunoreactive bands of 44, 32 and 27 kDa in both cell types. After RT-PCR we observed that platelets and megakaryocytes carry at least four different PS1 transcripts. One of them is a novel PS1 splice variant that lacks the coding sequence for exon 10 resulting in a shorter 409 amino acid protein.
A Comparative Testing Study of Commercial 18650-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Cells (2015)

Demand for portable electronic and electrical devices has led to considerable growth in production of lithium-ion battery cells and the number of manufacturers thereof. However, due to lack of supplied information or independent verification, it is frequently difficult to compare cells based on available data. In this study, we conduct a comparative testing study on five types of 18650-format lithium-ion cells from three different commercial manufacturers, ranging from budget to high-performance cells. Key insights gathered in the comparison were that the tested budget cells frequently offer less than 20% of their rated capacity, that the budget cells degrade at a significantly higher proportional rate than other cells, and that certain high-performance cells exceed the size dimensions of the 18650-format by over 3%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing showed the budget cells to have internal impedances several times higher than other cells, leading to notably increased heat generation and a significantly reduced cell efficiency. Differential capacity analysis found this high internal resistance to notably impede lithium intercalation processes. The presented methodology is intended as a base framework for conducting subsequent comparative testing studies for Li-ion cells.
Partially Cooperative MIMO Channels with Scaled Identity Transmit Covariance (2006)

Recently, there has been a great deal of interest on the performance of MIMO wireless systems as the MIMO fading channel offers an increase in capacity and reliability over that of a SISO channel. When channel state information is not known at the transmitter, the level of performance obtained depends on the degree of cooperation between the transmit antennas. With no cooperation between the antennas, horizontally coded spatial multiplexing is diversity suboptimal since each message bit is encoded and transmitted by only one antenna. An optimal scheme, on the other hand, codes message bits across all transmit antennas. This work generalizes and quantifies the level of cooperation between transmit antennas with the cooperation parameter R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> and then finds upper and lower bounds for the achievable data rates for such a system using a scaled identity transmit covariance matrix. These bounds are found to be tight for certain values of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c </sub> and the data rate R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> . Finally, these bounds are useful in computing the outage probability and diversity order of partially cooperative MIMO systems when channel state information is not known at the transmitter
Extracting and Using Music Audio Information (2007)

Surveys the work of the Laboratory for Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, on extracting information from music audio, and the further goals of estimating music similarity and discovering underlying structure.
Superoxide mediates reperfusion-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions (1989)

The objective of this study was to determine whether superoxide mediates the leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions elicited by reperfusion (reoxygenation) of ischemic (hypoxic) tissues. Mesenteric and intestinal blood flows were reduced to 20% of control for 1 h, followed by 1 h of reperfusion. Sixty minutes after reperfusion, red blood cell velocity (Vr), leukocyte rolling velocity (Vw), and the number of adherent leukocytes were measured in mesenteric venules. Then, either human superoxide dismutase (hSOD), hydrogen peroxide-inactivated hSOD, or MoAb IB4 (a monoclonal antibody against the leukocyte adhesion molecule CD18) was injected intravenously. Ten minutes later, repeat measurements were obtained and compared with pretreatment values. hSOD attenuated reperfusion-induced neutrophil adherence and increased Vw/Vr, an index of the fracture stress between leukocytes and endothelium. Peroxide-inactivated hSOD did not alter any parameter. MoAb IB4 attenuated reperfusion-induced adherence but did not alter Vw/Vr. In a correlate study, cultured bovine microvascular endothelium was exposed to 30 min of anoxia, followed by 60 min of reoxygenation. Cat neutrophils were added during reoxygenation. Reoxygenation-induced leukocyte adherence was attenuated by either hSOD or MoAb IB4 but not by inactivated hSOD. Adherence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated cat neutrophils to plastic was unaffected by hSOD or inactive hSOD, yet MoAb IB4 virtually abolished the response. These results indicate that superoxide mediates reperfusion-induced leukocyte adherence and that endothelial cells are required for this superoxide-mediated adherence.
Low voltage drop, cross-field, gas switch and method of operation (2023)

A gas switch includes an anode and a cathode spaced apart from the anode, wherein the cathode includes a conduction surface. The gas switch also includes a plurality of magnets arranged to generate a magnetic field that defines an annular path over a portion of the conduction surface at a radial distance from a switch axis, and a control grid positioned between the anode and the cathode. In operation, the control grid is arranged to establish a conducting plasma between the anode and the cathode, wherein, in the presence of the conducting plasma, a voltage drop between the anode and the cathode is less than 150 volts, and wherein the conducting plasma forms a cathode spot that circles the annular path.
Logic and functional verification in a commercial semiconductor environment (2002)

Functional verification is one of the key bottlenecks in the rapid design of integrated circuits. It is estimated that verification in its entirety accounts for up to 60% of design resources, including duration, computer resources and total personnel. The three primary tools used in logic and functional verification of commercial integrated circuits are simulation (at various levels), emulation at the chip level, and formal verification. While it is not possible to comprehensively survey the field in a short space, current practice in isolated aspects of all three types of verification are discussed. The state of the art in the application of emulation technology to commercial design is discussed. Emulation is proving to be one of the few verification technologies that can address the complexity inherent in full chip designs such as microprocessors and ensures functional first silicon even before design tape-out. We introduce a novel synergism between simulation and formal verification based upon constraints and explain how constraints can be used to replace environment modeling used in formal verification and how they support assume/guarantee reasoning in a mixed simulation/formal verification methodology. Finally, we discuss the successful use of a co-verification tool to develop microprocessor peripherals and develop software drivers for them in a timely way.
CXCR4/RhoA signaling pathway is involved in miR-128-regulated proliferation and apoptosis of human thyroid cancer cells. (2017)

microRNA-128 (miR-128), a kind of short, noncoding RNAs, functioned as a tumor marker. However, the underlying function and mechanism of miR-128 in human thyroid cancer were uncertain. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of miR-128 on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured human thyroid cancer cells were investigated. After slicing miR-128 in human thyroid cancer cells, the proliferation was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, the expression of miR-128, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was determined by RT-PCR, and protein expression of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) was analyzed by Western blot. It was found that knockdown of miR-128 promoted the optical density (OD) value of cells, enhanced mRNA expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, while inhibited cell apoptotic rate, and Caspase-3, Caspase-9 expression. Furthermore, higher protein expression of CXCR4 and RhoA was found in the absence of miR-128. Notably, miRNA-128 over-expression-inhibited proliferation and induced-apoptosis of human thyroid cancer cells were partially changed following the block of CXCR4/RhoA signaling pathway by the CXCR4 inhibitor (AMD3100). It was indicated that miR-128 down-regulated proliferation while promoted apoptosis of human thyroid cancer cells through suppression of CXCR4/RhoA signaling pathway.
Rotational resonance determination of the structure of an enzyme-inhibitor complex: phosphorylation of an (aminoalkyl)phosphinate inhibitor of D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase by ATP (1990)

We have used a newly developed solid-state NMR method, rotational resonance, to establish the structure of an inhibited complex formed upon reaction of D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase, ATP, and the aminoalkyl dipeptide analogue [1(S)-aminoethyl][2-carboxy-2(R)-methyl-1- ethyl]phosphinic acid (Ib). Analogue Ib was determined to be an ATP-dependent, slow-binding inhibitor of the D-Ala-D-Ala ligase from Salmonella typhimurium, with an enzyme-inhibitor half-life of 17 days at 37 degrees C. The inhibited complex shows a 31P NMR spectrum which is very different from that which would arise from a mixture of the free inhibitor and ATP. Four well-resolved lines were observed: two (at -8 and -14 ppm) are assignable as the phosphates of ADP, the third is assignable to an inhibitor resonance (at 53 ppm) that shifts by approximately 19 ppm on binding, and the fourth is assignable to a resonance (at -3 ppm) due to a polyphosphate or phosphate ester moiety. At rotational resonance the spectrum shows evidence for strong dipolar couplings between the phosphinate phosphorus and a phosphate ester species. The dipolar coupling between the phosphorus signals at 53 and -3 ppm was measured at rotational resonance by use of numerical simulations of both the line shape of the signal and the profile of magnetization transfer between the two sites. The measured coupling, 1.0 +/- 0.2 kHz, indicates that the two species are bridged in a P-O-P linkage, with a P-P through-space distance of 2.7 +/- 0.2 A. This proves that the mechanism of inactivation involves phosphorylation of the enzyme-bound inhibitor by ATP to form a phosphoryl-phosphinate adduct.
A Germanium-on-Silicon Laser for On-chip Applications (2011)

Lasing from Ge was achieved by highly n-type doping and biaxially tensile strain to overcome free carrier absorption. High n-type doping and efficient carrier injection remain the most important issues for electrical excitation of lasing.
Peripheral Natural Killer cells from chronic hepatitis B patients display molecular hallmarks of T cell exhaustion (2020)

Abstract A significant proportion of individuals infected by HBV develops chronic infection. Antiviral effectors such as Natural Killer (NK) cells have impaired functions in these patients, but the molecular mechanism responsible for this dysfunction remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that peripheral NK cells from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have a defective capacity to produce IFN-γ, MIP1-β and TNF-α but retain an intact killing capacity. This functional phenotype was associated with a decrease in the expression of NKp30 and CD16, combined with defects in IL-15 stimulation of the mTOR pathway. Transcriptome analysis of NK cells in CHB patients further revealed a strong enrichment for transcripts typically expressed in exhausted T cells suggesting that NK cell dysfunction and T cell exhaustion rely on common molecular mechanisms. In particular, the transcription factor thymocyte selection-associated HMG box protein (TOX) and several of its targets, including immune checkpoints, were over-expressed in NK cells of CHB patients. This T cell exhaustion signature was predicted to be dependent on the calcium (Ca 2+ )-associated transcription factor NFAT. In line with this, when stimulating the Ca 2+ -dependent pathway in isolation, we recapitulated the dysfunctional phenotype. Thus, deregulated Ca 2+ signalling could be a central event in both T cell exhaustion and NK cell dysfunction that occur during chronic infections.
The potential and limits of residential demand response control strategies (2011)

Demand response is playing an increasingly important role in smart grid research today. Technologies that control building equipment and appliances using signals such as real-time prices are making their way into our lives. But the behavior of load both affects and is affected by load control strategies that are designed to support the electric grid. This paper explores the natural behavior of electric load, how it is affected by various load control strategies and what the implications are for concepts such as using load control to support the integration of renewable energy resources.
Video Feature Compression for Machine Tasks (2022)

We consider the problem of transmitting video from a remote device to a cloud-based classification system in a bandwidth limited network. Our focus is on developing an end-to-end system that extracts features from the video data and compresses these features for transmission. In this paper, we consider approaches that operate on each video frame independently as well as exploiting the temporal correlation between frames. In both cases, the transmitted features can be used for object detection and instance segmentation tasks using existing, pre-trained networks. Results show the efficacy of the approach with improvements in coding efficiency ranging from 46.3% to 92.8% when compared to compressing the video data using state-of-the-art video compression standards.
734-P: Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity in People with Type 1 Diabetes Using CGM (2019)

Objective: Prior reports using the validated Barriers to Physical Activity in Diabetes (type 1) [BAPAD1] scale showed fear of hypoglycemia was the strongest barrier to regular physical activity (PA) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This was before the higher prevalence of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use today. Methods: Twenty adults with T1D enrolling in an exercise tracking study completed the BAPAD1, reporting perceived barriers to regular PA on a scale of 1 (extremely unlikely) to 7 (extremely likely). All used insulin pumps. Fifteen of the 20 were current CGM users. Results: Baseline characteristics were age 44.9±15.0 years, F/M 12/8, HbA1c 6.8±0.7%, and diabetes duration 22.9±15.9 years. Mean BAPAD1 score was 2.55±1.05. The highest scores were for risk of hypoglycemia (4.00±1.78) and work schedule (3.70±2.00), with current CGM users reporting higher overall scores than non-CGM users (2.71±1.04 vs. 2.10±1.07, p=0.28). Significantly higher scores were reported by CGM users for “The fear of being tired” (p=0.01), “The fact that you have diabetes” (p=0.03), and “The location of a gym” (p=0.04) (Table 1). Greater barrier scores for work schedule were associated with lower age (r=-0.5, p=0.02). Conclusions: CGM use was not associated with lower perceived barriers to regular PA, suggesting additional interventions beyond providing ways to measure glucose are needed to reduce these barriers in people with T1D. Disclosure C.C. Andre: None. Y.C. Kudva: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Other Relationship; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Tandem Diabetes Care. V. Dadlani: None. M. Cescon: None. S.K. McCrady-Spitzer: None. M. Church: None. C. Reid: None. K. Kumari: None. D. Choudhary: None. F.J. Doyle: Consultant; Self; ModeAGC. Other Relationship; Self; Insulet Corporation. E. Dassau: Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd., Insulet Corporation, Roche Diabetes Care, Tandem Diabetes Care, Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. Other Relationship; Self; ModAGC. J.E. Pinsker: Research Support; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, LifeScan, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Tandem Diabetes Care. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Tandem Diabetes Care. Funding JDRF; The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2-SRA-2017-503-M-B); Dexcom, Inc. (IIS-2017-043)
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Coupling of Organozinc Iodide Reagents with Bromopyridines: Synthesis of Selectively Protected Pyridine‐Containing Azamacrocycles. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Generation of spatially coherent light at 13 nm using quasi phase-matching in modulated hollow fibers (2003)

We present measurements of the spatial coherence of extreme ultraviolet radiation at 13 nm. The measured spatial coherence is unity near the center of the beam.
A hypoxia response element in the Vegfa promoter is required for basal Vegfa expression in skin and for optimal granulation tissue formation during wound healing in mice (2017)

Hypoxia in skin wounds is thought to contribute to healing through the induction of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Although HIF-1 can regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa), whether hypoxia and HIF-1 are required to induce Vegfa expression in the context of wound healing is unknown. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated Vegfa expression and wound healing in mutant mice that lack a functional HIF-1 binding site in the Vegfa promoter. Full-thickness excisional wounds were made using a biopsy punch, left to heal by second intention, and granulation tissue isolated on a time course during healing. mRNA levels of Vegfa and its target genes platelet-derived growth factors B (Pdgfb) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (Sdf1) were measured by RT-qPCR, and HIF-1alpha and VEGFA protein levels measured by immunoblotting. Lower levels of Vegfa, Pdgf1 and Sdf1 mRNA were found in intact skin of mutant mice relative to wild-type controls (n = 6 mice/genotype), whereas levels in granulation tissue during wound healing were unaltered. VEGFA protein levels were also lower in intact skin of the mutant versus the wild-type mice. Decreased Vegfa mRNA levels in skin of mutant mice could not be attributed to decreased HIF-1alpha protein expression, and were therefore a consequence of the loss of HIF-1 responsiveness of the Vegfa promoter. Comparative histologic analyses of healing wounds in mutant and wild-type mice (n = 8 mice/genotype) revealed significant defects in granulation tissue in the mutant mice, both in terms of quantity and capillary density, although epithelialization and healing rates were unaltered. We conclude that HIF-1 is not a major regulator of Vegfa expression during wound healing; rather, it serves to maintain basal levels of expression of Vegfa and its target genes in intact skin, which are required for optimal granulation tissue formation in response to wounding.