gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two CMOS Dual-Feedback Common-Gate Low-Noise Amplifiers With Wideband Input and Noise Matching (2013)

This paper presents two CMOS common-gate (CG) low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) using different dual-feedback techniques, significantly reducing noise figure (NF) to around 2 dB over a wide frequency range. The proposed first CG LNA uses gm-boosted feedback and shunt-series transformer feedback to relieve the tradeoff between input and noise matching. The proposed second CG LNA further extends the input matching bandwidth by using gm-boosted feedback and shunt-shunt transformer feedback. Moreover, the transformer used for feedback in both CG LNAs causes gain peaking and thus a considerable increase of 3-dB gain bandwidth. After implementation in a 0.18- μm CMOS process, the first and second CG LNAs achieve an NF of 1.9-2.6 dB over a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 7 and 10 GHz, respectively. The comparison between simulated and measured results shows a good agreement.
Polymers with novel topologies by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of macromonomers (1998)

This paper reviews the possibilities of engineering novel macromolecular topologies via “living” ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of miscellaneous macromonomers. It is shown that multibranched polystyrene poly(ethylene oxide) and polybutadiene polymacromonomers of varying compactness and branch number can be prepared by ROMP of corresponding macromonomers, provided the macromonomers carry an end-standing norbornene unsaturation. Janus-type architectures are also accessible by this technique: such entirely novel topologies can be obtained by sequential ROMP of two different macromonomers whereas their statistical copolymerization affords heteroarmed macromolecules. Advantage has also been taken of the versatility of this technique to prepare compact polymeric architectures that behave like unimicellar systems: structures whose inner part and outer layer are chemically different can be derived through homopolymerization of macromonomers that are themselves block copolymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of hypothyroidism on phosphorus metabolism in muscle and liver: In vivo P‐31 MR spectroscopy study (1992)

Abstract Hypothyroidism is known to affect nearly every organ and organ system of the human body. The goal of the present study was to gain insight into the phosphorus metabolism and bioenergetic function of striated (calf) muscle and liver in patients with hypothyroidism before and after thyroid hormone treatment. With an ISIS (image‐selected in vivo spectroscopy) magnetic resonance (MR) technique for volume selection, phosphorus‐31 metabolism of the calf muscle in 10 patients and of the liver in seven patients with severe hypothyroidism was studied before and after treatment. In addition, spectra from the calf muscle and liver were obtained in 10 healthy volunteers. Relative to those from the healthy subjects, the P‐31 MR spectra from patients with hypothyroidism showed a significantly diminished phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate ratio (P &lt; .01). After thyroid hormone substitution therapy, this ratio returned to normal values within several weeks. No statistically significant changes in the spectra of liver tissue could be detected. The results support the theory that hypothyroidism induces a hormone‐dependent, fully reversible impairment of the energy metabolism of striated muscle. Changes in liver metabolism observed with biochemical methods are apparently not detectable with state‐of‐the‐art P‐31 MR spectroscopy.
Intraocular Pressure Variation During Strabismus Surgery (1986)

The changes in IOP during strabismus surgery were studied in 40 patients. In most, 37 eyes, there was a marked decrease of IOP during surgery and rapid return to initial levels of IOP. In 13 out of 14 eyes that underwent bilateral surgery, the IOP in the first operated eye returned to about baseline levels by the end of surgery on the second eye. No correlation was found between the changes in IOP and: the type of surgery, the operated muscles, the duration of surgery and anesthesia, or the patients' age. We surmise that the decrease of IOP is probably associated with the intensity of the massage of the globe during the surgery.
RF Generation at 200 MHz Using a SiC Schottky Diode Lumped NLTL (2018)

The following topics are dealt with: pulse generators; pulsed power supplies; wide band gap semiconductors; discharges (electric); transformer windings; power transformers; linear accelerators; particle beam injection; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors.
20506 Cluster formation of ferromagnetic nano-particles on micro-capillary flow (2005)

Thermal behavior of ferromagnetic particles in micro-capillary flow was observed though micro-visualization using an optical darkfield microscope system and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) data processing system. Real-time visualization of the Brownian motion of primary clusters in magnetic fluids in micro-capillary flow was carried out. Furthermore, the effect of magnetic field on the growth and dispersion processes of cluster formation in micro-capillary flow was investigated
New Scale Inhibitor for Harsch Field Conditions (2000)

Abstract The aim of the work presented in this paper is to developp the best polymer usable for BaSO4 and CaCO3 scale inhibition in harsh field conditions (3 ≤ pH ≤ 6, 130 °C ≤ T°C ≤ 200°C, 2 ≤[Ca2+] ≤ 20 g/l, adsorption on the reservoir to allow injection by squeeze). The first objective was the thermal stability. It is known that sulfonated group permits to obtain it. Thus homopolymers made with different sulfonated monomers have been aged three week at 200°C and it has been checked by Infra Red measurements that their structure were not damaged by the test. Because in some cases after degradation of the polymer, the obtained oligomers can have scale inhibition behaviour but not adsorption. Then the monomers leading to the more stable polymers have been copolymerized with monomers bearing carboxylate function and their thermal stability have been checked. The second objective was the scale inhibition and the third was the neutral behaviour in contact with high levels of Ca2+. Series of copolymers have been synthesized in order to define what compositions and molecular weights were convenient to obtain the simultaneous inhibition of BaSO4 and CaCO3 scale and no precipitation when in contact with high levels of calcium ions. The last objective but not the least is the adsorption of the copolymer on the rock. This property is necessary for using the anti-scale additive in squeeze. For the polymers which answered at the first three conditions, injections in rock sample have been made to check the adsorption ability.
Doppler Ultrasound Technology for Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: A Review (2019)

Fetal well-being is commonly assessed by monitoring the fetal heart rate (fHR). In clinical practice, the de facto standard technology for fHR monitoring is based on the Doppler ultrasound (US). Continuous monitoring of the fHR before and during labor is performed using a US transducer fixed on the maternal abdomen. The continuous fHR monitoring, together with simultaneous monitoring of the uterine activity, is referred to as cardiotocography (CTG). In contrast, for intermittent measurements of the fHR, a handheld Doppler US transducer is typically used. In this article, the technology of Doppler US for continuous fHR monitoring and intermittent fHR measurements is described, with emphasis on fHR monitoring for CTG. Special attention is dedicated to the measurement environment, which includes the clinical setting in which fHR monitoring is commonly performed. In addition, to understand the signal content of acquired Doppler US signals, the anatomy and physiology of the fetal heart and the surrounding maternal abdomen are described. The challenges encountered in these measurements have led to different technological strategies, which are presented and critically discussed, with a focus on the US transducer geometry, Doppler signal processing, and fHR extraction methods.
A randomized study of lapatinib alone or in combination with trastuzumab in heavily pretreated HER2+ metastatic breast cancer progressing on trastuzumab therapy (2008)

1015 Background: Lapatinib (L) is an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of EGFR and HER2 with a mechanism of action distinct from that of trastuzumab (T). Preclinical data suggest synergy between L and T. We studied L alone and in combination with T in pts with HER2+ MBC who progressed on T. Methods: Eligible women had received prior anthracycline and taxane therapy, had MBC with measurable lesions or bone-only disease, and had progressed on prior T-containing therapy. Pts were stratified by hormone receptor status and visceral/nonvisceral disease, then randomized to receive either L (1,500 mg QD) or L (1,000 mg QD) plus T (2 mg/kg weekly after 4 mg/kg loading dose). If pts progressed on the L arm, they could cross over to the L+T arm. The primary endpoint was PFS (investigator assessment), and secondary endpoints were clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 24 wks, RR, and OS. Results: 296 pts were randomized. All pts had received prior T; the median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 6. Combination therapy significantly improved PFS and CBR; RR and OS were similar in both arms (Table). Both treatment regimens were generally well tolerated. Grade 1/2 diarrhea was higher in the L+T arm (53% vs 41%); acneiform rash was more common in the L-alone arm, likely due to higher L dose. Asymptomatic decline in LVEF (> 20% and below LLN) occurred in 5% of pts in L+T arm and 2% of pts in L-alone arm. 1 death occurred due to cardiac toxicity in the L+T arm. Conclusions: This is the largest study of 2 targeted agents in HER2+ MBC and the first to demonstrate the synergy of L+T in a phase III setting. Improved clinical outcome was achieved with the combination of L+T in pts progressing on T-based therapy and without a substantial change in the side effect profile. The role of combined anti-HER2 therapy, in combination with chemotherapy, in less heavily pretreated patients with early stage disease is ongoing in the ALTTO (Adjuvant L and/or T Treatment Optimization) study. Endpoint L L + T Hazard/OR 95% CI P value PFS (median, wks) * 8.4 12.0 0.77 0.6, 1.0 0.029 CBR (%) * 13.2 25.2 2.1 1.1, 4.2 0.020 RR (%) * 6.9 10.3 1.5 0.6, 3.9 0.46 OS (median, wks) 39 51.6 0.75 0.5, 1.1 0.106 * Intent to treat. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GlaxoSmithKline Exelixis, GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline
Characterization of directional microphones in an arbitrary sound field (2013)

An acoustic characterization method for directional microphones is presented that does not require an anechoic chamber to provide a controlled plane-wave sound field. Measurements of a directional microphone under test are performed in a nearly arbitrary sound field for several angles of sound incidence, and the corresponding sound pressure and pressure gradients in the vicinity of the test microphone are measured using an automated probe microphone scanning system. From these measurements the total acoustic frequency response of the directional microphone can be decomposed into its sensitivities to sound pressure and pressure gradient using a least squares estimation technique. These component responses can then be combined to predict the directional response of the microphone to a plane-wave sound field. This technique is demonstrated on a commercially available pressure gradient microphone and also on a combination sound pressure-pressure gradient microphone. Comparisons with the plane-wave responses measured in an anechoic environment show that the method gives reasonable results down to 100 hertz.
Design Tools forEmerging Technologies (2006)

The rapidlyexpandingdiversity of technology available atthenanoscale isdisrupting theexisting transistor- centric microelectronics design paradigm, resulting innearly decade-long delaysbetweenprototype demonstration and technology deployment. Thekeytoreducing theseinnovation- inhibiting delays istodevelop algorithmic approaches thatcan startwithfirstprinciples baseddescriptions of novel nanotechnology and rapidlyand reliably synthesize manufacturable designs. Design tools areevolving this direction, withnew extremely efficient yetcustomizable physical simulators, automatic paramterized low-order modelextraction, andeverimproving algorithms forrobust optimization-new techniques thatgenerate manufacturable designs byoptimizing bothsystemperformance androbustness tomanufacturing variations. Inthis paperwegive afewexamples ofthecoupling of suchapproaches, butmostlyoffer pointers toliterature for researchers interested incontributed tothis rapidly growing field ofcoupled simulation androbust optimization. Keywords-optimization, simulation, nanotechnology, computer- aided design
20 kV, 2 cm<sup>2</sup>, 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristors for advanced pulsed power applications (2013)

The development of high-voltage power devices based on wide bandgap semiconductor such as silicon carbide (SiC) has attracted great attention due to its superior material properties over silicon for high-temperature applications. Among the high-voltage SiC power devices, the 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) offers excellent current handling, very high voltage blocking, and fast turn-off capabilities. The 4H-SiC GTO also exhibits lower forward voltage drop than the IGBT-based switches, resulting in lower losses during normal operation. It is an ideal switch for pulsed power applications that require high turn-on di/dt. In order to achieve a blocking capability of or greater than 20 kV in SiC, a thick drift epi-layer (> 160 μm) with an improved carrier lifetime (5 ~ 10 μs) is necessary to obtain a full conductivity modulation. In this paper, for the first time to our knowledge, we report our recently developed 1×2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 20 kV, 4H-SiC p-GTO using a 160 μm, 2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> doped, p-type drift layer. The active conducting area of the device is 0.53 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Due to the limitations of the high-voltage test set-up, the 4H-SiC p-GTO showed an on-wafer gate-to-anode blocking voltage of 19.9 kV at a leakage current of 1 μA, which corresponds to a one-dimensional (1D) maximum electrical field of ~ 1.5 MV/cm at room-temperature. To measure this large area, 4H-SiC, p-GTO at high current levels (> 100 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), the forward characteristics of the device were evaluated using a Tektronix 371 curve tracer in pulse mode. A differential specific on-resistance of 11 MΩ-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was obtained at a gate current of 0.35 A and a high current of 300 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ~ 400 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . More results and discussion will be presented at the conference.
Utilizations of two-stage erbium amplifier and saturable-absorber filter for tunable and stable power-equalized fiber laser (2007)

We propose and investigate experimentally a tunable and stable fiber laser with single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) and power-equalized output based on a two-stage erbium amplifier and a saturable-absorber filter. Two-stage amplifier consists of an erbium-doped waveguide amplifier (EDWA) and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) to generate a flatter amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source for constant output. Saturable-absorber filter constructs by an unpumped EDF and a fiber reflected mirror (FRM) to provide a fine mode restriction and guarantee a SLM operation.
Nanocrystallised titania and zirconia mesoporous thin films exhibiting enhanced thermal stability (2002)

Tuned chemical conditions complemented with a set of treatments have been developed to enhance the thermal stability of transition metal oxide mesoporous thin films (up to 500 °C for TiO2 and 450 °C for ZrO2), allowing the formation of crack-free coatings presenting excellent optical quality (transmittance higher than 85% in the visible region), tailored thickness (from 50 to 700 nm), a highly organised cubic (Im3m space group for TiO2) or 2D-hexagonal (P6m space group for ZrO2) mesostructure, high surface area (140–200 m2 g−1), controlled and narrowly distributed mesopore size (25–80 Å), and a nanocrystalline inorganic framework (anatase or tetragonal zirconia).
Varying Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Etiology of Rickets in Young Children vs. Adolescents in Northern India (2003)

The relative importance of calcium vs. vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of nutritional rickets in the tropics may be different in children compared with adolescents. We studied calcium intake, sun exposure, serum alkaline phosphatase, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D in 24 children and 16 adolescents with rickets/osteomalacia. The values were compared with those obtained in control subjects (34 children and 19 adolescents). We found that young children with rickets had lower calcium intake compared with controls (285 +/- 113 vs. 404 +/- 149 mg/day, p < 0.01), but similar sun exposure (55 +/- 28 vs. 56 +/- 23 min x m2/day) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D (49 +/- 38 vs. 61 +/- 36 nmol/l). Sixteen of 24 children with rickets had 25 hydroxyvitamin D above the rachitic range (> 25 nmol/l), in contrast to one of 16 adolescents. Adolescent patients had low calcium intake vs. controls (305 +/- 196 vs. 762 +/- 183 mg, p < 0.001), and lower sunshine exposure (16 +/- 15 vs. 27 +/- 17 min x m2/day, p < 0.01) and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (12.6 +/- 7.1 vs. 46 +/- 45.4 nmol/l, p < 0.001). The odds ratio for developing rickets with a daily calcium intake below 300 mg was 4.8 (95 per cent CI, 1.9 - 12.4, p = 0.001). Subjects with rickets were randomized to receive 1 g calcium daily, with or without vitamin D. Children showed complete healing in 3 months, whether they received calcium alone or with vitamin D. Adolescents showed no response to calcium alone, but had complete healing with calcium and vitamin D in 3-9 months (mean 5.3 months). Thus deficient calcium intake is universal among children and adolescents with rickets/osteomalacia. Inadequate sun exposure and vitamin D deficiency are important in the etiology of adolescent osteomalacia.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Targeting uPAR with Antagonistic Recombinant Human Antibodies in Aggressive Breast Cancer (2023)

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Shaping Polaritons to Reshape Selection Rules (2018)

The discovery of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in light established a new degree of freedom by which to control not only its flow but also its interaction with matter. Here, we show that by shaping extremely subwavelength polariton modes, for example by imbuing plasmon and phonon polaritons with OAM, we engineer which transitions are allowed or forbidden in electronic systems such as atoms, molecules, and artificial atoms. Crucial to the feasibility of these engineered selection rules is the access to conventionally forbidden transitions afforded by subwavelength polaritons. We also find that the position of the absorbing atom provides a surprisingly rich parameter for controlling which absorption processes dominate over others. Additional tunability can be achieved by altering the polaritonic properties of the substrate, for example by tuning the carrier density in graphene, potentially enabling electronic control over selection rules. Our findings are best suited to OAM-carrying polaritonic modes that can be created in graphene, monolayer conductors, thin metallic films, and thin films of polar dielectrics such as boron nitride. By building on these findings we foresee the complete engineering of spectroscopic selection rules through the many degrees of freedom in the shape of optical fields.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Everninomicin A1B(A)C Ring Framework (1998)

A strategy based on a ring-closing olefin metathesis was used to convert divinylmethanol into 1, which served as a common precursor to activated derivatives 2 and 3. These in turn serve as precursors to the C and B carbohydrate units of the A1B(A)C ring fragment 4 of everninomicin 13,384-1.
Pulsed Operation of an Ion Accelerator (2009)

Electronic circuitry has been devised to enable operation of an ion accelerator in either a continuous mode or a highpeak power, low-average-power pulsed mode. In the original intended application, the ion accelerator would be used as a spacecraft thruster and the pulse mode would serve to generate small increments of impulse for precise control of trajectories and attitude. The present electronic drive circuitry generates the extraction voltage in pulses. Pulse-width modulation can affect rapid, fine control of time-averaged impulse or ion flux down to a minimum level much lower than that achievable in continuous operation.
A Maldiisotopic Approach to Discover Natural Products: Cryptomaldamide, a Hybrid Tripeptide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorea producens (2017)

Genome sequencing of microorganisms has revealed a greatly increased capacity for natural products biosynthesis than was previously recognized from compound isolation efforts alone. Hence, new methods are needed for the discovery and description of this hidden secondary metabolite potential. Here we show that provision of heavy nitrogen <sup>15</sup>N-nitrate to marine cyanobacterial cultures followed by single-filament MALDI analysis over a period of days was highly effective in identifying a new natural product with an exceptionally high nitrogen content. The compound, named cryptomaldamide, was subsequently isolated using MS to guide the purification process, and its structure determined by 2D NMR and other spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Bioinformatic analysis of the draft genome sequence identified a 28.7 kB gene cluster that putatively encodes for cryptomaldamide biosynthesis. Notably, an amidinotransferase is proposed to initiate the biosynthetic process by transferring an amidino group from arginine to serine to produce the first residue to be incorporated by the hybrid NRPS-PKS pathway. The maldiisotopic approach presented here is thus demonstrated to provide an orthogonal method by which to discover novel chemical diversity from Nature.
Combinatorial search for plasmonic and epsilon-near-zero chalcogenide alloys (2017)

Summary form only given. The chalcogenides represent a unique material platform, capable of providing high-index dielectric, plasmonic, `epsilon-near-zero' (ENZ) or topological insulator properties when the constituent elements are combined in the right proportion. Moreover, they can exhibit reversible, non-volatile structural transitions between solid phases with vastly different electromagnetic properties. We report here on a combinatorial study of the synthesis of plasmonic chalcogenides, including compositions that can be switched between plasmonic and dielectric states.