gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulations of Wave-Induced Soil Erosion in Silty Sand Seabeds (2019)

Silty sand is a kind of typical marine sediment that is widely distributed in the offshore areas of East China. It has been found that under continuous actions of wave pressure, a mass of fine particles will gradually rise up to the surface of silty sand seabeds, i.e., the phenomenon called wave-induced soil erosion. This is thought to be due to the seepage flow caused by the pore-pressure accumulation within the seabed. In this paper, a kind of three-phase soil model (soil skeleton, pore fluid, and fluidized soil particles) is established to simulate the process of wave-induced soil erosion. In the simulations, the analytical solution for wave-induced pore-pressure accumulation was used, and Darcy flow law, mass conservation, and generation equations were coupled. Then, the time characteristics of wave-induced soil erosion in the seabed were studied, especially for the effects of wave height, wave period, and critical concentration of fluidized particles. It can be concluded that the most significant soil erosion under wave actions appears at the shallow seabed. With the increases of wave height and critical concentration of fluidized particles, the soil erosion rate and erosion degree increase obviously, and there exists a particular wave period that will lead to the most severe and the fastest rate of soil erosion in the seabed.
The Role of Sarcosine Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Progression (2013)

Metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer (PCa) progression identified markedly elevated levels of sarcosine (N-methyl glycine) in metastatic PCa and modest but significant elevation of the metabolite in PCa urine. Here, we examine the role of key enzymes associated with sarcosine metabolism in PCa progression. Consistent with our earlier report, sarcosine levels were significantly elevated in PCa urine sediments compared to controls, with a modest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71. In addition, the expression of sarcosine biosynthetic enzyme, glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), was elevated in PCa tissues, while sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) and pipecolic acid oxidase (PIPOX), which metabolize sarcosine, were reduced in prostate tumors. Consistent with this, GNMT promoted the oncogenic potential of prostate cells by facilitating sarcosine production, while SARDH and PIPOX reduced the oncogenic potential of prostate cells by metabolizing sarcosine. Accordingly, addition of sarcosine, but not glycine or alanine, induced invasion and intravasation in an in vivo PCa model. In contrast, GNMT knockdown or SARDH overexpression in PCa xenografts inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, these studies substantiate the role of sarcosine in PCa progression.
The Connectome Viewer Toolkit: An Open Source Framework to Manage, Analyze, and Visualize Connectomes (2011)

Advanced neuroinformatics tools are required for methods of connectome mapping, analysis, and visualization. The inherent multi-modality of connectome datasets poses new challenges for data organization, integration, and sharing. We have designed and implemented the Connectome Viewer Toolkit - a set of free and extensible open source neuroimaging tools written in Python. The key components of the toolkit are as follows: (1) The Connectome File Format is an XML-based container format to standardize multi-modal data integration and structured metadata annotation. (2) The Connectome File Format Library enables management and sharing of connectome files. (3) The Connectome Viewer is an integrated research and development environment for visualization and analysis of multi-modal connectome data. The Connectome Viewer's plugin architecture supports extensions with network analysis packages and an interactive scripting shell, to enable easy development and community contributions. Integration with tools from the scientific Python community allows the leveraging of numerous existing libraries for powerful connectome data mining, exploration, and comparison. We demonstrate the applicability of the Connectome Viewer Toolkit using Diffusion MRI datasets processed by the Connectome Mapper. The Connectome Viewer Toolkit is available from http://www.cmtk.org/
Fièvre catarrhale ovine : évolution et répartition des sérotypes dans le bassin méditerranéen et en France (2004)

FIEVRE CATARRHALE OVINE : EVOLUTION ET REPARTITION DES SEROTYPES DANS LE BASSIN MEDITERRANEEN ET EN FRANCE G GERBIER1, S ZIENTARA2, E ALBINA1, C GRILLET1, M GREGORY3, T BALDET1 1 Departement d’elevage et de medecine veterinaire, CIRAD 2 UMR Virologie, Afssa 3 Services des Affaires regionales veterinaires Languedoc Roussillon, MAAPR En France, environ dix nouveaux cas d’echinococcose alveolaire humaine sont detectes chaque annee. Depuis quelques annees le nombre de cas humains augmente : de 1948 a 1983, 200 cas sont recenses; de 1983 a 2000, 260 cas ont ete enregistres. Une etude de l’Unite SERF, Universite de Franche-Comte, sur la meme periode evalue a 14 le nombre moyen de nouveaux cas par an et en moyenne a 2 le nombre de deces par an. Il est cependant impossible de savoir si cette augmentation est due a une meilleure vigilance diagnostique et/ou a une reelle augmentation de l’incidence. Des etudes epidemiologiques menees en Franche-Comte au niveau regional ont montre que la distribution des cas humains dans l’espace n’est pas aleatoire. La majorite des cas humains sont repartis dans le Doubs et dans le Jura. Dans le Doubs, la repartition spatiale des patients est agregative alors qu’elle est aleatoire dans le reste de la region. Dans ce departement une correlation existe entre la composition paysagere et la prevalence humaine par canton. La prevalence par canton est significativement plus elevee la ou le pourcentage de prairie permanente par rapport a la surface totale est superieur a 35% : 5,95 cas pour 10000 habitants contre 2,37 dans les autres cantons (14). De plus, la surface forestiere plus importante dans les cantons de haute altitude et l’importance des labours dans les cantons de plaine semblent etre des facteurs defavorables a la transmission du parasite a l’homme.
Agile Production of Sheet Metal Aviation Components Using Disposable Electromagnetic Actuators (2010)

Electromagnetic forming is a process used to produce high strain rates that improve the formability of sheet metal. The objective of this paper is to discuss the feasibility of the use of disposable actuators during electromagnetic forming of two aluminum components: an industry part whose main feature is a convex flange with two joggles, and a simple part with a one-dimensional curve throughout. The main forming complications after the parts were formed using conventional methods were the presence of wrinkles and excessive springback. The goal of this work is to use large, controlled electromagnetic impulses to minimize the springback of these components from a roughformed shape, with the end result being a dimensionally correct part. The optimum test protocols for electromagnetic calibration of the components were determined by optimizing parameters such as design of the actuator, tool material, and capacitor discharge energy. The use of disposable actuators for electromagnetic calibration of the parts showed significant reductions in springback compared to the parts which were only preformed using conventional techniques (hydroforming and rubber-pad forming). Springback was decreased in the curved component by up to 87%. For the flanged component, the wrinkles were eliminated, the joggles were formed properly, and the average bending angle of the part was improved from 95.3° to 90.3°, very near the target bending angle of 90°. This study demonstrates that these forming techniques can be used to improve current sheet metal production processes.
Using handhelds to help people with motor impairments (2002)

People with Muscular Dystrophy (MD) and certain other muscular and nervous system disorders lose their gross motor control while retaining fine motor control. The result is that they lose the ability to move their wrists and arms, and therefore their ability to operate a mouse and keyboard. However, they can often still use their fingers to control a pencil or stylus, and thus can use a handheld computer such as a Palm. We have developed software that allows the handheld to substitute for the mouse and keyboard of a PC, and tested it with four people (ages 10, 12, 27 and 53) with MD. The 12-year old had lost the ability to use a mouse and keyboard, but with our software, he was able to use the Palm to access email, the web and computer games. The 27-year-old reported that he found the Palm so much better that he was using it full-time instead of a keyboard and mouse. The other two subjects said that our software was much less tiring than using the conventional input devices, and enabled them to use computers for longer periods. We report the results of these case studies, and the adaptations made to our software for people with disabilities.
Perspectives on Diabetes Care in Old Age: A Focus on Frailty (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The frailty syndrome and its biology Frailty and diabetes in late life The biology of late-life diabetes Geriatric syndromes and diabetes Approaches for improving care for frail, older diabetics Drug therapy in the frail elderly Summary References
Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes in Natural Product Synthesis: Application of Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening/Cross‐Metathesis and Cu‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation to Total Synthesis of Baconipyrone C. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Experimental Investigation of Flow Mode Selection in a Conical Taylor-Couette System (2001)

Transitions of viscous ∞ow between coaxial conical cylinders with the inner one rotating and the outer one at rest were investigated to reveal mode selection of the flrst instabilities with the aid of ∞ow visualization and spectral analysis. The rotational velocity of the inner conical cylinder was linearly accelerated from rest until reaching its flnal speed. The difierent observed states were successfully distinguished by their dependency on the acceleration rate b in the investigated range of Taylor number Ta. Transitions between states were determined as functions of fl and Ta by flxing the Taylor number and varying the acceleration rate in the range 0.01-1.5 rad/s 2 . Observed states were classifled into: flrst toroidal vortices (FTV), helical motion (HMV), upward travelling vortices (UTV), steady Taylor vortices (TVF) and wavy vortices (WVF). Modes of six pairs of Taylor vortices (6TVF), seven pairs (7TVF) and eight pairs (8TVF) were observed at the same Ta and difierent fl. Steady Taylor vortices and wavy vortices were also observed when fl increased at the same Ta. The spectral analysis indicated that the states HMV and WVF have constant ratios between the characteristic frequencies and the frequency of rotation of the inner conical cylinder, while in UTV the ratio decreases with increasing Ta. The mode selection diagram in the (Ta;fl) plane has no regular form with regard to the zones delimiting the difierent observed states.
Probabilistic Diagnosis Using a Reformulation of the INTERNIST-1/QMR Knowledge Base (1991)

Abstract: In Part I of this two-part series, we report the design of a probabilistic reformulation of the Quick Medical Reference (QMR) diagnostic decision-support tool. We describe a two-level multiply connected belief-network representation of the QMR knowledge base of internal medicine. In the belief-network representation of the QMR knowledge base, we use probabilities derived from the QMR disease profiles, from QMR imports of findings, and from National Center for Health Statistics hospital-discharge statistics. We use a stochastic simulation algorithm for inference on the belief network. This algorithm computes estimates of the posterior marginal probabilities of diseases given a set of findings. In Part II of the series, we compare the performance of QMR to that of our probabilistic system on cases abstracted from continuing medical education materials from Scientific American Medicine. In addition, we analyze empirically several components of the probabilistic model and simulation algorithm.
Direct Torque Control of Two-Phase Induction and Synchronous Motors (2012)

In this paper, the direct torque control (DTC) of symmetrical two-phase induction and synchronous motors using different structures of two-phase inverters including two-, three-, and four-leg inverters is studied. Essential equations for controlling both electromagnetic torque and the stator flux modulus are presented and switching tables are derived. Different inverter topologies are compared in terms of the control system operation in high-speed applications and maximum speed of the rotating field deliverable by the drive system. The performance of the DTC of two-phase induction and synchronous motors fed by different inverter topologies is evaluated and the correctness of presented theories is validated by experimental results.
Highly Electrophilic Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Counteranion and Solvent Effects on Constrained Geometry Catalyst Ion Pair Structure and Reactivity (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHighly Electrophilic Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Counteranion and Solvent Effects on Constrained Geometry Catalyst Ion Pair Structure and ReactivityGiuseppe Lanza, Ignazio L. Fragalà, and Tobin J. MarksView Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata 85100 Potenza, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania 95125 Catania, Italy Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 32, 8257–8258Publication Date (Web):August 1, 1998Publication History Received16 March 1998Published online1 August 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980852nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980852nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views476Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Ions,Solvation,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Effect of reactive ion etching on the exchange coupling between IrMn and NiFe (2002)

The effect of reactive ion etching on the exchange coupling between an antiferromagnetic material (IrMn) and a ferromagnetic material (NiFe) was investigated. Although IrMn is not reactively etched using oxygen or fluorine based chemistries, these chemistries are shown to reduce the exchange coupling between the IrMn and NiFe films by altering the IrMn film composition. These chemistries also have the effect of increasing the resistivity of the IrMn from ∼200 μohm-cm to &amp;gt;1000 μohm-cm. Reactive ion etching is shown to be a good process for reducing the coupling between IrMn–NiFe bilayers used as freelayers in sheet film spinvalves due to its material selectivity and etch stop capability. This process could be used in the processing of exchange-tab-type readback sensors used for magnetic recording.
Automated Versus Manual Scan Positioning: a Quantitative Analysis (2006)

Since the beginning of patient MRI the planning or positioning of slices has been performed manually. The operator uses surveys to define the orientation of the various scans. Manual scan positioning is time consuming and may lead to inconsistent results between operators for various reasons: operator preferences, variations in the initial survey as a result of non-symmetric patient placement, and the limitation imposed by using a limited number of orthogonal slices and landmarks. Automated scan positioning has the potential to improve the consistency with which scans are positioned as it can rely on information covering the whole anatomy [1,2]. In this study we will compare accuracy and consistency for planning brain scans of an automated scan prescription algorithm [3] to that of planning according to current practice by experienced technologists.
Third-order harmonic generation spectra of polymerized 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid LB films (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThird-order harmonic generation spectra of polymerized 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid LB filmsKazufumi Ogawa, Norihisa Mino, Hideharu Tamura, and Nobuo SonodaCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 6, 1415–1418Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00090a027https://doi.org/10.1021/la00090a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chapter 2. Fundamental Physics and Chemistry of Nanoporosity Evolution During Dealloying (2012)

The fundamental physics and chemistry that control the formation of nanoporous gold involve a complex choreography of electrochemical dissolution, diffusion, and geometry. In this chapter, we introduce the basic phenomenology of dealloying, including the physical origin of the parting limit and critical potential. Related topics we discuss include the surface-diffusion-controlled mechanism of porosity evolution and methods to control the length scale of porosity. Finally, we list a few historical aspects of dealloying that help put the study of nanoporous gold into a rich cultural context.
Micro IMU Utilizing Folded MEMS Approach (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel wafer-level approach for fabrication and 3-D integration of MEMS devices in miniature multi-axis assemblies of inertial, acoustic, and optical sensors. The approach is based on simultaneous fabrication of all sensors on the same substrate connected by flexible electrical interconnects, mechanical hinges and latches. A multi-axis sensor system is then obtained by folding the fabricated structures into 3-D cubes, pyramids, or other rigid shapes, and subsequently micro-welded. In the current work, we demonstrate feasibility of the folded cube approach for creation of miniature MEMS IMU with &amp;lt;1 cm3 volume. Design of the IMU consists of a folded cube or pyramid backbone structure with micromachined accelerometers and gyroscopes on its sidewalls. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are used as a substrate for fabrication of both the inertial sensors and the folded backbone structure. Fabrication of the sensors consists of lithography, deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), and HF acid release of the inertial proof masses. Flexible polymer hinges connecting faces of the folded structures are defined on the same substrate and incorporate electrical interconnects. To provide rigidity to the assembled 3-D structure, interlocking silicon latches are fabricated along the edges of each sidewall, which are silicon-to-silicon welded after assembly. The approach allows for creating miniature multi-axis sensor systems without compromising performance of individual sensors. Gyroscopes integrated in the current folded cube IMU have experimentally demonstrated 3-dB bandwidth of 250 Hz and angle random walk (ARW) below 0.1 (deg/s)/rt-Hz in atmospheric pressure. Measured uncompensated temperature coefficients of gyroscope bias and scale factor were 313 (deg/h)/degC and 351ppm/degC, respectively. Accelerometers on the cube have been characterized, yielding a noise floor of 570μG/√Hz. Sensitivity of the accelerometers is measured at 40mV/G with a bandwidth of 100 Hz.
EISec: Exhaustive Information Flow Security of Hardware Intellectual Property Utilizing Symbolic Execution (2022)

Hardware IPs are assumed to be roots-of-trust in complex SoCs. However, their design and security verification are still heavily dependent on manual expertise. Extensive research in this domain has shown that even cryptographic modules may lack information flow security, making them susceptible to remote attacks. Further, when an SoC is in the hands of the attacker, physical attacks such as fault injection are possible. This paper introduces EISec, a novel tool utilizing symbolic execution for exhaustive analysis of hardware IPs. EISec operates at the pre-silicon stage on the gate level netlist of a design. It detects information flow security violations and generates the exhaustive set of control sequences that reproduces them. We further expand its capabilities to quantify the confusion and diffusion present in cryptographic modules and to analyze an FSM's susceptibility to fault injection attacks. The proposed methodology efficiently explores the complete input space of designs utilizing symbolic execution. In short, EISec is a holistic security analysis tool to help hardware designers capture security violations early on and mitigate them by reporting their triggers.
Characterization of Precipitating Antibodies to Ruminant Serum and Milk Proteins in Humans with Selective IgA Deficiency (1971)

Serums from 23 patients with isolated IgA deficiency contained precipitating antibodies to ruminant IgM proteins. Purified IgM proteins from bovine serum as well as similar proteins in other ruminant (goat, sheep, deer and elk) serum and in cow's milk reacted with the patient serum. IgA-deficient serum did not precipitate serum proteins from humans, nonhuman primates or numerous other animals. Patients with diseases reported to be associated with milk precipitins (e.g., Down's and Heiner's syndromes) may or may not have this factor in addition to antibodies directed toward other bovine milk and serum proteins. Because of the increased prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in IgA-deficient persons this "reversed rheumatoid factor" (an IgG antibody to IgM proteins) in many IgA-deficient serums is noteworthy. This factor, however, will be missed in IgA-deficient serum if radial immunodiffusion tests with goat anti-IgA serum are used for the quantitation of IgA. The test will be misinterpreted and thought to show low IgA concentrations.