gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A2a receptor activation reduces lymphocyte-mediated liver injury induced by alpha-galactosylceramide in vivo (101.11) (2007)

Abstract NKT cells play a key role in initiating an inflammatory cascade during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Cytokine production by NKT cells is inhibited by A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) activation. To further investigate the mechanism of A2AAR-mediated liver protection, we selectively activated NKT cells in vivo with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer, 4 μg/mouse) a glycolipid that is presented by CD1d to invariant NKT cell receptors. Liver injury and lymphocyte activation were assessed by measuring serum alanine transaminase (ALT) which peaked in 18 h, and proinflammatory cytokines in various cells by FACS. Mice treated with the selective A2AAR agonist ATL313 (1 ng/kg/min) prior to and during α-GalCer treatment had significantly reduced serum ALT and interferon (IFN)- 1 _ levels. In NKT cells, ATL313 reduced intracellular IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 by 30–60%. Peak IFN-γ production occurred earlier (&amp;lt; 2 hr) in NKT cells than in NK cells (&amp;gt; 4 hr) suggesting that NK cell activation is downstream of NKT cell activation. All of the effects of ATL313 were abolished in A2AAR KO mice. In IFN-γ KO mice there was a 58% and 70% reduction in TNF-α and IL-2, respectively in response to α-GalCer, suggesting a primary role by IFN-γ in triggering a cytokine cascades that drives liver injury. In summery, selective NKT cell-activation by α-GalCer causes liver injury which is reduced by the A2AAR activation. It appears that ATL313 exerts its action on NKT and possibly other lymphocytes primarily by limiting IFN-γ production from these cells during early inflammatory processes. Supported by NIH R01 HL37942
Water Stress and the Water Relations of Seed Development: A Critical Review (1994)

Water availability plays a major role in the regulation of seed development. Experimental evidence on the water relations of seed development is reviewed, with emphasis on the measured water potential values of well‐watered and water‐stressed seed, fruit, and leaf tissues. The hypothesis of hydraulic isolation of developing seeds from the water relations of the maternal plant, proposed on the basis of the maintenance of measured water potential (ψ w ) differences between these tissues, is examined and found to be problematic. Apparent ψ w gradients have also been recorded for seeds developing within fleshy fruits or in vitro on defined medium, where hydraulic barriers would not be present. Current models of phloem transport to seeds are based on a turgor homeostatic mechanism in the unloading tissues that maintains high apoplastic solute concentrations to lower phloem turgor and promote import. The combination of turgor (or water potential) boo meostasis and active regulation of solute compartmentation in seed tissues may contribute to the apparent constancy of seed ψ w when measured by thermocouple psychrometry, which requires long equilibration times after excision. The delivery of excess water to developing seeds via the phloem and its recirculation to the mother plant also present problems for the hydraulic resistance hypothesis and for the retention of apoplastic solutes in the unloading zone. It is hypothesized that modfied cell walls acting as semipermeable apoplastic membranes may retain solutes within the unloading tissues, while allowing the return flow of water to the parental xylem. The water relations of developing seeds are determined primarily by phloem transport, whether under well‐watered or water‐stressed conditions, so future studies should attempt to resolve the discrepancies between measured ψ w and the requirements for maintenance of phloem import.
Constraint-enforcing controller for both autonomous and assisted steering (Invited paper) (2017)

This paper considers the design of a controller and a constraint-enforcement scheme for application to dualmode, autonomous and manual steering systems. A tracking controller is designed to track a desired pinion angle during autonomous operation, and to provide assistive torque during manual operation. The tracking controller is designed using H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> synthesis with tracking made possible via the solution to a full-information output regulation problem. A reference governor scheme is implemented in order to enforce constraints. Numerical simulations are presented corresponding to an aggressive step-steer maneuver in autonomous mode and show strict constraint enforcement.
Vortex Signature Identification in Surface Pressure Distributions Using Crease Detection Techniques (2017)

The aerodynamic performances of many devices are influenced by vortical flow structures. Methods to identify and track these features are necessary for characterizing the flowfield, and robust detection methods could be exploited as an aerodynamic flow control sensor. This paper details a new approach to detect and track near-wall vortices by applying crease detection methods to locate their signatures in a wall static pressure field. The method is used to locate vortex signatures in pressure-sensitive paint measurements on the upper surface of a delta wing and to track the movement of a vortex downstream of a micro vortex generator using a grid of discrete pressure taps. The latter case demonstrates that the position of a near-wall vortex could be tracked experimentally using a coarse wall pressure distribution.
Linking the Chemistry and Physics of Electronic Charge Transfer in Insulators: Theory and Experiment (2012)

The surface states model is successful in predicting many salient features of charge transfer in insulative materials, which is critical to electrophotography. This paper will discuss how the surface chemistry controls the physics, the chemical potentials, and how it fits the surface states model. The interrelationship of acid-base Ka/Kb values of the materials in contact, measured by IGC (inverse gas chromatography), the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbitals) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals) and their excited states calculated using DFT (density functional theory) quantum mechanical modeling, the chemical potentials measured by the Kelvin method, and triboelectric charging data are studied. It will be shown that a precursor complex of the contacting materials, prior to the charge transfer event, can be calculated by DFT to predict both qualitatively and quantitatively triboelectric charging. The work focuses on PTFE, Kynar and PMMA polymers, as well as silica, titania and alumina.
Studies of Weakly Coordinating Anions Paired with Iodonium Cations (2002)

Several new iodonium salts containing weakly coordinating anions were synthesized and characterized. Upon UV irradiation, the rates of photoacid generation in acetonitrile and their preliminary activity in the photopolymerization of epoxy silicones were compared. Studies showed these salts to be excellent photoacid generators. The anions [(C6F5)3B−C3H3N2−B(C6F5)3]-, B(C6F5)4-, and Ga(C6F5)4- were more active and the compounds made from them more soluble in most solvents. The [(C6F5)3B−C6F4−B(C6F5)3]2- anion was less active, and the compounds made from them were less soluble than compounds made from the three aforementioned anions. Compounds containing hexabromocarborane anion were quite similar to compounds containing SbF6- in both photoactivity and solubility.
Reverberation time estimation on the ACE corpus using the SDD method (2015)

Reverberation Time (T60) is an important measure for characterizing the properties of a room. The author's T60 estimation algorithm was previously tested on simulated data where the noise is artificially added to the speech after convolution with a impulse responses simulated using the image method. We test the algorithm on speech convolved with real recorded impulse responses and noise from the same rooms from the Acoustic Characterization of Environments (ACE) corpus and achieve results comparable results to those using simulated data.
S100A9 Induced Inflammatory Responses Are Mediated by Distinct Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP) Receptors In Vitro and In Vivo (2015)

Release of endogenous damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including members of the S100 family, are associated with infection, cellular stress, tissue damage and cancer. The extracellular functions of this family of calcium binding proteins, particularly S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12, are being delineated. They appear to mediate their functions via receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) or TLR4, but there remains considerable uncertainty over the relative physiological roles of these DAMPs and their pattern recognition receptors. In this study, we surveyed the capacity of S100 proteins to induce proinflammatory cytokines and cell migration, and the contribution RAGE and TLR4 to mediate these responses in vitro. Using adenoviral delivery of murine S100A9, we also examined the potential for S100A9 homodimers to trigger lung inflammation in vivo. S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12, but not the S100A8/A9 heterodimer, induced modest levels of TLR4-mediated cytokine production from human PBMC. In contrast, for most S100s including S100A9, RAGE blockade inhibited S100-mediated cell migration of THP1 cells and major leukocyte populations, whereas TLR4-blockade had no effect. Intranasal administration of murine S100A9 adenovirus induced a specific, time-dependent predominately macrophage infiltration that coincided with elevated S100A9 levels and proinflammatory cytokines in the BAL fluid. Inflammatory cytokines were markedly ablated in the TLR4-defective mice, but unexpectedly the loss of TLR4 signaling or RAGE-deficiency did not appreciably impact the S100A9-mediated lung pathology or the inflammatory cell infiltrate in the alveolar space. These data demonstrate that physiological levels of S100A9 homodimers can trigger an inflammatory response in vivo, and despite the capacity of RAGE and TLR4 blockade to inhibit responses in vitro, the response is predominately independent of both these receptors.
High near-ultraviolet Raman efficiency of silicon nanowires with small cross sections (2011)

Due to peculiar near-UV Si optical properties, Mie resonance (MR) and MR-assisted Raman enhancement &gt;10${}^{2}$ are observed in Si nanowires (NWs) with unusually small (for MR) cross sections of \ensuremath{\sim}10${}^{2}$ nm${}^{2}$. The superposition of MR with the Si Raman susceptibility peak is found to produce a record high for Si structure Raman efficiency and makes single Si NW Raman signals detectable at subnanowatt laser power. Experimental NW width dependencies of the Raman and absorption efficiencies are found to be in agreement with calculations based on solving Maxwell equations using the boundary integral equations method.
Investigation of Fe incorporation in (010) $\beta$-Ga2O3 films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2019)

The incorporation of Fe into (010) β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was investigated. Fe was found to incorporate heavily into films grown at 500 °C while growth temperatures of 650 °C and higher showed a significantly longer tail of Fe into the films. This Fe tail was determined to be a result of surface riding during growth rather than diffusion. The total surface riding concentration of Fe was found to be about 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> from typical Fe doped (010) β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrates. Surface segregation coefficients of 0.9819 and 0.9901 were calculated for growth temperatures of 500 °C and 700 °C respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqabamycins A‐G: Novel Nitro Maleimides from a Marine Vibrio Species. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Activities. (2010)

Abstract Seven novel maleimide derivatives are isolated from the surface of the soft coral Sinularia polydactyla collected from the Red Sea.
Monolithically Integrated Resonant Cavity Enhanced Type-II Superlattice Detectors (2020)

We demonstrate all-epitaxial resonant cavity-enhanced type-II superlattice detectors (T2SL). Our structures show peak quantum efficiencies of 43-59%, which is a 4.0-6.6x enhancement compared to our control structures and greater than state-of-the-art long-wavelength infrared T2SL detectors.
Impact of lactisole on the time-intensity profile of selected sweeteners in dependence of the binding site (2022)

Currently, there is limited insight into the influence of the different binding sites of agonists and antagonists of the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2/TAS1R3 on temporal sensory properties of sweet tasting compounds. We investigated whether the binding site and a competitive or allosteric inhibition of TAS1R2/TAS1R3 influence the time-dependent sensory perception and in vitro TAS1R2/TAS1R3-activation profiles. We compared time-intensity ratings of cyclamate, NHDC, acesulfame K, and aspartame with and without lactisole with the corresponding TAS1R2/TAS1R3-activation in transfected HEK293 cells. In combination with lactisole, cyclamate and NHDC demonstrated a shift of the dose-response curve corresponding to a competitive inhibition by lactisole in the sensory and the cell experiments. Allosteric inhibition by lactisole for aspartame and acesulfame K was seen in the cell experiments, but not the sensory ratings. In conclusion, the data do not support a major impact of the binding site on the time-intensity profile of the tested sweeteners.
Abnormal Expression of TRAF Adapter Proteins in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia. (2006)

Abstract Background: Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an incurable low-grade lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with as yet unknown genetic basis for its pathogenesis. Several TNF family members (CD40L, APRIL and BAFF/BLYS) are known to regulate WM growth and survival. TRAFs are a novel family of adapter proteins that facilitate pro-apoptotic (TACI) or pro-survival/differentiation (CD40, BAFFR, BCMA) receptor signaling mediated by TNF family ligands. Therefore, understanding the TRAF system in WM may yield important clues about WM growth and survival. Methods: WM cell lines (BCWM.1 and WSU-WM), IgM secreting low-grade lymphoma cell lines (MEK1, RL, Namalwa), and primary bone marrow CD19+ selected lymphoplasmacytic cells (LPC) from 20 WM patients and 6 healthy donors were evaluated for TRAF (TRAF 2, 3, 5, 6) expression using semi quantitative RT-PCR and/or western blot analysis. Results: The TNF familiy receptors CD40, BAFFR, BCMA, and TACI were expressed in all cell lines tested as well as in CD19+ selected LPC from WM patients and healthy donors. Moreover, TRAF 2, 3, 5, 6 were expressed in all cell lines by both RT-PCR and western blot analysis. In contrast, we observed loss or abnormally low expression of both TRAF 2 and 5 in 6/20 (30%) patients, whilst TRAF 3 was absent or abnormally low in 3/30 (15%) patients. TRAF 6 was expressed in all patients. Among healthy donors, we observed expression of all TRAF adapter proteins. Conclusion: Up to one third of WM patients demonstrate loss of TRAF 2 and 5 adapter proteins which facilitate signaling through the pro-apoptotic receptor TACI. Ongoing studies including gene sequencing and siRNA knockdown models are delineating a role for TRAF loss in the pathogenesis of WM.
Therapeutic Applications of RNAi (2009)

The phenomenon of RNA interference has rapidly moved from groundbreaking scientific discovery to promising therapeutic approach. However, even as RNAi-based drugs enter the clinic, significant challenges remain, particulary in the area of delivery. Therapeutic Applications of RNAi provides detailed protocols in key areas of current focus, including testing of delivery vehicles, identification of appropriate model systems, and evaluation of the effects of RNAi in vivo. Produced by a team of internationally renowned authors, the volume describes the therapeutic applications of RNAi and potential pitfalls in oncology, viral infections and CNS disease, using a variety of delivery methods, including liposomes, peptide-based nanoparticles, polycationic polymers, and viral vehicles. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, the chapters include brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Therapeutic Applications of RNAi is an ideal guide for scientists attempting to solve the numerous challenges in this field and revolutionize the treatment of disease
L-ASP ARAGINASE1 (1970)

incapable of discriminating to a significant legree between neoplastic and normal cells, especially those of the bone narrow and gastrointestinal tract. The current understanding of the :herapeutic effects of L-asparaginase represents the nearest approach to :uccess in this search. The development of L-asparaginase as a therapeutic agent began in _953 when Kidd (1, 2) reported that the growth of certain neoplasms in mice Lnd rats was inhibited by guinea pig serum but not by rabbit or horse sera. \t that time Kidd was investigating the possibility of immunotherapy for nurine lymphomas and was using guinea pig serum as a source of com ple­ nent to enhance the antigen-antibody reaction with rabbit antilymphoma Lntisera. In the course of this work he observed that mice which received �uinea pig serum alone, experienced complete tumor regressions. At the :ime it was believed that an immunological phenomenon was operative iince the tumors were grown in inbred strains. In a series of very elegant ex­ Jeriments, Broome, who began his studies on this problem
Anthracycline metabolites from Streptomyces violaceus A262. II. New anthracycline epelmycins produced by a blocked mutant strain SU2-730. (1991)

New anthracycline antibiotics, identified as epsilon-rhodomycinone glycosides, were isolated from the culture broth of a blocked mutant of beta-rhodomycin-producing Streptomyces violaceus A262. They were designated as epelmycins A, B, C, D and E, and assayed for their in vitro cytotoxicities against murine leukemic L1210 cell culture and the antimicrobial activities in comparison with known anthracycline antibiotics.
Mobility and Coverage Evaluation of New Radio PDCCH for Point-to-Multipoint Scenario (2019)

This paper provides the mobility and coverage evaluation of New Radio (NR) Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for Point-to-Multipoint (PTM) use cases, e.g., eMBMS (evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services). The evaluation methodology is based on analyses and link level simulations where the channel model includes AWGN, TDL-A, TDL-C as well as a modified 0dB echo to model different PTM scenarios. The final version of this work aims to provide insightful guidelines on the delay/echo tolerance of the NR PDCCH in terms of mobility and coverage. In this paper, it is observed that under eMBMS scenario, i.e. SFN channel, due to the time domain granularity of pilots distributed inside the PDCCH region, the system can support very high user movement speed/Doppler with an relatively low requirement on the transmit Signal/Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (SNR/CNR). On the other hand however, the system falls short on its coverage due to the low frequency domain granularity of pilots that effects the channel estimation accuracy.
Polymerization and Oligomerization of Ethylene by Cationic Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes Containing Bidentate Phenacyldiarylphosphine Ligands (2003)

A series of Ni(II) and Pd(II) catalysts have been synthesized from the P,O chelating ligands phenacyl(aryl)2phosphine. The (P,O)Ni-allyl+B(Arf)4- [Arf = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3] complexes 6a−c are active for polymerization of ethylene in the case of 6b (aryl = 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2) and for dimerization of ethylene to butenes in the case of 6a (aryl = C6H5) and 6c (aryl = C6H5, 2,4,6-(C6H5)3C6H2). These catalysts are characterized by their high initial activity but relatively short catalytic lifetime and poor thermal stability. The palladium analogues (P,O)PdMe(NCMe)+B(Arf)4- are approximately an order of magnitude less active than the Ni analogues and generate butenes and hexenes. The barriers for migratory insertion in a series of methyl ethylene complexes [(p-XC6H4)2PCH2C(O)(p-YC6H4)]Pd(CH3)(C2H4)+B(Arf)4- (X,Y = H, H; −OCH3, H; −CF3, H; H, −OCH3; H, −CF3) were measured. Values of ΔG⧧ ranged from 18.2 to 20.3 kcal/mol and, relative to the unsubstituted system, decreased for X,Y = −CF3 and increased for X,Y = −OCH3.
The dynamics of the cell nucleus - Lymphocyte nuclei associated peptides studied by mass spectrometry and future peptidomic aspects (2002)

The dynamics of the cell nucleus - Lymphocyte nuclei associated peptides studied by mass spectrometry and future peptidomic aspects
Occurrence, diversity, and abundance of methanogenic archaea in terrestrial hot springs of Kamchatka and Saõ Miguel Island (2015)

Detection and analysis of the mcrA gene encoding methyl-coenzyme M reductase, the key enzyme of methanogenesis, was used to assess occurrence and diversity of methanogenic archaea in terrestrial hot springs of Kamchatka and Sa~o Miguel Island (the Azores). For this analysis, phylogeny of methanogens was initially reconstructed based on available sequences of the mcrA gene, which is a common functional and phylogenetic marker for this physiological group of prokaryotes. Methanogens were revealed in most of the studied terrestrial hot springs with temperatures from 51 to 89°C, although they constituted an insignificant portion of the microbial population. The mcrA gene sequences revealed in the samples belonged to members of the genera Methanothermobacter, Methanothermus, and Methanothrix, previously detected in hot springs, as well as to methanogens not found earlier in these environments. The latter belonged to Methanomassiliicoccales, Methanocellales, and Methanomethylovorans, as well as to MCR-2a, the new deep phylogenetic cluster of uncultured methanogenic archaea; its phylotypes were present in all springs where the mcrA gene was detected. Our results indicate high diversity of the thermophilic methanogens inhabiting terrestrial hot springs and the presence among them of new groups with yet unknown substrate specificity.
Expression of the glossy2 gene of maize during plant development [Zea mays L.] (2002)

The glossy2 (gl2) gene of maize participates to the synthesis-deposition of the juvenile epidermal wax layer of maize leaves. In this paper, the expression of the gene was analysed at the RNA and protein levels. The results showed that in wild type plants the gl2 gene is transcribed in young leaves, in coleoptiles, in husks, in immature ears and in silks. Neither transcripts were found in roots of wild type plants nor in any tissues of plants homozygous for the recessive gl2-ref allele. Antibodies against the gl2 protein revealed its predominant presence in leaves with a juvenile wax phenotype and protein detection was consistent with gene transcription in wild type coleoptiles, husks, immature ears and silks, but not in roots, anthers and seeds. Sequence data bank analysis revealed homologies of the gl2 protein of maize with eighteen sequences from several plant species. Four of these proteins are induced in species different from maize during the hypersensitive response to plant pathogens. One protein is present in maize silks. A further set of four proteins represent polypeptides responsible for CoA-dependent acyl transfer in plants. The results provided contribute to assign a putative function to the gl2 gene