gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single-arm phase II study of ADT with PD-1 blockade and docetaxel in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. (2020)

TPS271 Background: Overall survival of men with de novo metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is improved by treatment intensification with docetaxel and hormone therapy compared to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone. However, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) invariably develops. Reprogramming the immune system in the mHSPC setting is a novel approach to delay progression to CRPC. In the hormone-sensitive setting, ADT induces a robust and functional immune infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment (TME), with upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1 and PD-L1). These effects diminish as castration resistance emerges. Docetaxel causes immunogenic tumor cell death and stimulates antigen presentation. We hypothesize that leveraging the immunogenic effects of ADT with PD-1 blockade and docetaxel will promote antitumor immune killing and improve clinical outcomes. Methods: This is an open-label, single-arm, phase II study of ADT, cemiplimab, and docetaxel in patients with de novo mHSPC (N=20). Subjects will receive continuous ADT, followed by a two-cycle lead-in of cemiplimab prior to the standard six cycles of docetaxel. Cemiplimab will be continued q3weeks for one year or until disease progression or intolerable side effect. The primary endpoint is undetectable PSA at 6 months. Secondary endpoints include time to development of CRPC and radiographic response. Subjects will be monitored for toxicity using a Bayesian adaptive study design with an early stopping rule for toxicity. Correlative studies will determine the effects of ADT and PD-1 blockade on the TME by comparing baseline and on-treatment biopsies using transcriptional data from single-cell RNA-sequencing and standard immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serum samples will also be collected to quantify the effects of therapy on circulating levels of immunosuppressive cytokines. The study is open with 3 patients currently enrolled at the time of submission. Clinical trial information: NCT03951831.
HSUPA principles (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: HSUPA vs Release 99 DCH Key technologies with HSUPA E-DCH transport channel and physical channels Physical layer procedures MAC layer Iub parameters Mobility UE capabilities and data rates References and list of related 3GPP specifications
Design of thin–film photonic metamaterial Lüneburg lens using analytical approach (2012)

We design an all-dielectric Lüneburg lens as an adiabatic space-variant lattice explicitly accounting for finite film thickness. We describe an all-analytical approach to compensate for the finite height of subwavelength dielectric structures in the pass-band regime. This method calculates the effective refractive index of the infinite-height lattice from effective medium theory, then embeds a medium of the same effective index into a slab waveguide of finite height and uses the waveguide dispersion diagram to calculate a new effective index. The results are compared with the conventional numerical treatment - a direct band diagram calculation, using a modified three-dimensional lattice with the superstrate and substrate included in the cell geometry. We show that the analytical results are in good agreement with the numerical ones, and the performance of the thin-film Lüneburg lens is quite different than the estimates obtained assuming infinite height.
Rapid responses of a melanophore cell line to chemical contaminants in water (2009)

We have evaluated a Xenopus cell line as a potential sensor for detecting toxins in water. X. laevis melanophores responded rapidly by dispersing melanosomes following exposure to six (ammonia, arsenic, copper, mercury, pentachlorophenol and phenol) of 12 tested chemicals in the desired sensitivity range. For two additional chemicals (nicotine and paraquat) the melanophore response improved upon the response capabilities of several available toxicity sensors. These results suggest that a melanophore-based sensor could be useful for the rapid assessment of chemical toxicity in drinking water.
Gabor filter based image representation for object classification (2016)

Data representation plays an important role in a classifier's accuracy. A given dataset may lead to better results by simply applying a change of basis while keeping the original number of parameters. In this paper, Gabor Filter based image representation has been exploited for object classification. First, Gabor filter based convolution is computed for features extraction, then down-sampling is performed and features are normalized to zero mean and unit variance. This image representation having discriminative visual patterns is used for training of object classifier in Matlab Neural Toolbox. Performance of this proposed image representation is examined on two real world image datasets CIFAR and MNIST and results show that data representation using Gabor can provide good classification without increasing the number of trainable parameters. Finally, this approach is compared to different configurations of Convolutional Neural Network having trainable parameters to verify the validity of proposed image representation.
Stability of Diesel/Water Emulsions: Experimental and Modeling Investigations (2021)

Abstract Diesel/water emulsions have several applications in the upstream and downstream petroleum industry. Diesel/water emulsions have been proposed as an alternative fuel due to their potential to emit a lesser amount of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter in the current models of compressed ignition engines. In the upstream petroleum research, diesel/water emulsions are used for the targeted delivery of several chemicals in deep reservoirs. The diesel/water emulsions are not very well understood despite their numerous applications. In this work, diesel/water emulsions were prepared using octylphenol ethoxylate as an emulsifier at different mixing times and speeds, varying surfactant concentrations, and using different water/diesel ratios. The emulsion stability was evaluated using a bottle test method, droplet size distribution (microscope), and rheological measurements. The bottle tests were mainly used to determine the emulsion stability, while the optical microscopic analysis was carried out to validate and understand the relation between the droplet size distribution and its impact on emulsion stability. It was found that emulsion stability not only depends on the concentration of surfactant, water, and diesel but also on mixing speed and time. The emulsion stability was enhanced by increasing the concentration of water, and the most stable emulsions were achieved when the water ratio was higher than 80 v/v%. The emulsion stability significantly increased when the mixing speed was increased up to 1200 rpm compounded with a mixing time of 20 min. An optimum surfactant concentration was noted to get the most stable emulsions ranging from 2.5 v/v% to 5 v/v%. The K-Star model was adopted in this study to predict the experimentally determined viscosity values. Modeling results showed that the predicted and measured viscosities were very close with minimal marginal errors. The excellent predicted viscosity values are demonstrated by the considerable root mean square error: 0.0873 and 2.5164 and mean absolute error: 0.0595 and 1.8675 for the training and testing dataset, respectively. The current study indicated that water to diesel ratio and mixing method could significantly affect the emulsion characteristics.
Toward a new modality for detecting a uterine rupture: electrohysterogram propagation analysis during trial of labor after cesarean (2016)

The results support unaffected propagation of electrical activity through the intact uterine scar tissue suggesting that changes in the EHG might only occur in case of rupture.
Protection against pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization in mice immunized with PspC (“Pneumococcal Surface Protein C”)-based vaccines formulated with whole bacteria as carriers or adjuvants (2010)

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is responsible for the majority of pneumonia cases around the world. Despite the effectiveness of conjugate vaccines, the costs of the available formulations are prohibitive for mass vaccination in developing countries. Protein antigens are alternatives for the constitution of low costs-formulations that can elicit immunity to different pneumococcal serotypes. PspC is a virulence factor that plays a role in the adhesion of the pathogen to epithelial cells and evasion from the immune system. Intact bacteria display adjuvant activities when administered in association with antigens, through the binding of their components to receptors present on immune cells surface. Methods: In this work, mucosal vaccines composed of PspC and two different bacteria as carriers and/or adjuvants were tested in mice. The first strategy consisted in Lactobacillus casei expressing PspC (L. casei-PspC), as a live vaccine. The second consisted in the combination of recombinant PspC with the whole cell pertussis vaccine (WCPV). Results: Nasal immunization of mice with L. casei-PspC did not stimulate the production of systemic and mucosal anti-PspC antibodies. Despite the absence of specific antibodies, this vaccine inhibited pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization of immunized mice, when compared with mice inoculated with saline or L. casei. In this same model, sublingual immunization with L. casei-PspC did not produce a significant effect on pneumococcal colonization. On the other hand, nasal immunization with PspC-WCPV induced high levels of anti-PspC antibodies. Mice immunized with PspC-WCPV presented a significant inhibition of pneumococcal colonization, when compared with mice inoculated with saline or WCPV. The reduction in pneumococcal colonization was much more accentuated for the PspC-WCPV formulation than for L. casei-PspC. Analysis of cytokine secretion by spleen cells from mice 5 days after the colonization challenge showed two different patterns. Mice immunized with L. casei-PspC displayed a dramatic reduction in IFN-g and TNF-a secretion whereas mice immunized with PspC-WCPV displayed increased IFN-g and IL-17 secretion. Conclusion: Our results indicate that two different mechanisms are likely to be involved in the protection elicited by both vaccines. The mechanisms elicited by PspC-WCPV seem to be more effective in the control of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage. Financial support: FAPESP, CNPq, Fundação Butantan. Abstracts for SupplementInternational Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 14Preview Full-Text PDF Open Archive
Carbon Nanotube Microarrays Grown on Nanoflake Substrates (2013)

This innovation consists of a new composition of matter where single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are grown in aligned arrays from nanostructured flakes that are coated in Fe catalyst. This method of growth of aligned SWNTs, which can yield well over 400 percent SWNT mass per unit substrate mass, exceeds current yields for entangled SWNT growth. In addition, processing can be performed with minimal wet etching treatments, leaving aligned SWNTs with superior properties over those that exist in entangled mats. The alignment of the nanotubes is similar to that achieved in vertically aligned nanotubes, which are called "carpets. " Because these flakes are grown in a state where they are airborne in a reactor, these flakes, after growing SWNTs, are termed "flying carpets. " These flakes are created in a roll-to-roll evaporator system, where three subsequent evaporations are performed on a 100-ft (approx. =30-m) roll of Mylar. The first layer is composed of a water-soluble "release layer, " which can be a material such as NaCl. After depositing NaCl, the second layer involves 40 nm of supporting layer material . either Al2O3 or MgO. The thickness of the layer can be tuned to synthesize flakes that are larger or smaller than those obtained with a 40-nm deposition. Finally, the third layer consists of a thin Fe catalyst layer with a thickness of 0.5 nm. The thickness of this layer ultimately determines the diameter of SWNT growth, and a layer that is too thick will result in the growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes instead of single-wall nanotubes. However, between a thickness of 0.5 nm to 1 nm, single-walled carbon nanotubes are known to be the primary constituent. After this three-layer deposition process, the Mylar is rolled through a bath of water, which allows catalyst-coated flakes to detach from the Mylar. The flakes are then collected and dried. The method described here for making such flakes is analogous to that which is used to make birefringent ink that is coated on U.S. currency. After deposition, the growth is carried out in a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition apparatus. A tungsten hot filament placed in the flow of H2 at a temperature greater than 1,600 C creates atomic hydrogen, which serves to reduce the Fe catalyst into a metallic state. The catalyst can now precipitate SWNTs in the presence of growth gases. The gases used for the experiments reported are C2H2, H2O, and H2, at rates of 2, 2, and 400 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), respectively. In order to retain the flakes, a cage is constructed by spot welding stainless steel or copper mesh to form an enclosed area, in which the flakes are placed prior to growth. This allows growth gases and atomic hydrogen to reach the flakes, but does not allow the flakes, which rapidly nucleate SWNTs, to escape from the cage.
RNA Interference-Mediated Silencing of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nucleocapsid Defines a Potent Antiviral Strategy (2009)

We describe the design and characterization of a potent human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nucleocapsid gene-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), ALN-RSV01. In in vitro RSV plaque assays, ALN-RSV01 showed a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.7 nM. Sequence analysis of primary isolates of RSV showed that the siRNA target site was absolutely conserved in 89/95 isolates, and ALN-RSV01 demonstrated activity against all isolates, including those with single-mismatch mutations. In vivo, intranasal dosing of ALN-RSV01 in a BALB/c mouse model resulted in potent antiviral efficacy, with 2.5- to 3.0-log-unit reductions in RSV lung concentrations being achieved when ALN-RSV01 was administered prophylactically or therapeutically in both single-dose and multidose regimens. The specificity of ALN-RSV01 was demonstrated in vivo by using mismatch controls; and the absence of an immune stimulatory mechanism was demonstrated by showing that nonspecific siRNAs that induce alpha interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha lack antiviral efficacy, while a chemically modified form of ALN-RSV01 lacking measurable immunostimulatory capacity retained full activity in vivo. Furthermore, an RNA interference mechanism of action was demonstrated by the capture of the site-specific cleavage product of the RSV mRNA via rapid amplification of cDNA ends both in vitro and in vivo. These studies lay a solid foundation for the further investigation of ALN-RSV01 as a novel therapeutic antiviral agent for clinical use by humans.
Growth of malignant extracranial tumors alters microRNAome in the prefrontal cortex of TumorGraft mice (2017)

A wide array of central nervous system complications, neurological deficits, and cognitive impairments occur and persist as a result of systemic cancer and cancer treatments. This condition is known as chemo brain and it affects over half of cancer survivors. Recent studies reported that cognitive impairments manifest before chemotherapy and are much broader than chemo brain alone, thereby adding in tumor brain as a component. The molecular mechanisms of chemo brain are under-investigated, and the mechanisms of tumor brain have not been analyzed at all. The frequency and timing, as well as the long-term persistence, of chemo brain and tumor brain suggest they may be epigenetic in nature. MicroRNAs, small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs, constitute an important part of the cellular epigenome and are potent regulators of gene expression. miRNAs are crucial for brain development and function, and are affected by a variety of different stresses, diseases and conditions. However, nothing is known about the effects of extracranial tumor growth or chemotherapy agents on the brain microRNAome. We used the well-established TumorGraft ™ mouse models of triple negative (TNBC) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+BC) breast cancer, and profiled global microRNAome changes in tumor-bearing mice upon chemotherapy, as compared to untreated tumor-bearing mice and intact mice. Our analysis focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), based on its roles in memory, learning, and executive functions, and on published data showing the PFC is a target in chemo brain. This is the first study showing that tumor presence alone significantly impacted the small RNAome of PFC tissues. Both tumor growth and chemotherapy treatment affected the small RNAome and altered levels of miRNAs, piRNAs, tRNAs, tRNA fragments and other molecules involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Amongst those, miRNA changes were the most pronounced, involving several miRNA families, such as the miR-200 family and miR-183/96/182 cluster; both were deregulated in tumor-bearing and chemotherapy-treated animals. We saw that miRNA deregulation was associated with altered levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which plays an important role in cognition and memory and is one of the known miRNA targets. BDNF downregulation has been associated with an array of neurological conditions and could be one of the mechanisms underlying tumor brain and chemo brain. In the future our study could serve as a roadmap for further analysis of cancer and chemotherapy's neural side effects, and differentially expressed miRNAs should be explored as potential tumor brain and chemo brain biomarkers.
Analytical Method Development and validation for Simultaneous Determination of Atenolol and Nitrendipine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by RP-HPLC Method (2016)

A simple, specific, precise, accurate, rapid and reproducible efficient reversed phase HPLC method has been developed and validation for simultaneous determination of atenolol and nitrendipine in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatography was performed on a 250mm X 4.6mm, 5m particle size, Phenomenox Luna C18 column with a 40:40:20 v/v/v mixture of methanol: acetonitrile: water and pH was adjusted to 3.0 with ortho-phosphoric acid as a mobile phase. The detection of the combined dosage form was carried out at 235nm and flow rate employed was 1.5ml/min. The retention times were 2.621 and 5.169 min for atenolol and nitrendipine respectively. Linear was established in the concentration range of 30.0 to 70.0g/ml for atenolol and 6.0 to 14.0g/ml for nitrendipine with a correlation coefficient for 0.9989 for atenolol and 0.9992 for nitrendipine respectively. The percentage recoveries obtained were 99.52 -100.01% for atenolol and 99.75 -100.71% for nitrendipine. Similarly the %RSD value for precision was also found to be within the acceptable limit. The method was validated according to international conference of harmonization guidelines in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, linearity and other aspects of analytical validation. The results of the analysis were validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and precision of the proposed method. Developed method was rapid and convenient which could be successfully applied for the routine control of both the component.
A simple two-dimensional run-length-limited code for ultra-high-density magnetic-tape recording (2002)

Investigations of two-dimensional, run-length-limited codes have shown that they may be applied across multiple channels in several ways. This paper describes a new two-dimensional coding technique which not only utilizes constraints described by Marcellin (see IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.10, no.1, p.254-266, 1992) to spread the k constraint across multiple channels, but also introduces a separate (d, k) constraint on bits recorded across channels, increasing either or both of signal-to-noise ratio and data density. A method for calculation of capacities is presented along with a low-cost, high speed code suitable for a ultra-high-density magnetic tape recording channel.
Sites of circularization of theTetrahymenarRNA IVS are determined by sequence and influenced by position and secondary structure (1985)

The sequence of the cloned Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA intervening sequence (IVS) was altered at the site to which circularization normally occurs. The alterations caused circularization to shift to other sites, usually a nearby position which followed three pyrimidines. While a tripyrimidine sequence was the major determinant of a circularization site, both location of a sequence and local secondary structure may influence the use of that sequence. For some constructs circularization appeared to occur at the position following the 5' G, the nucleotide added to the IVS during its excision. Portions of the internal guide sequence (IGS), proposed to interact with the 3'exon were deleted without preventing exon ligation. Thus if the IGS-3'exon interaction exists, it is not essential for splicing in vitro.
A Methodology for Quantifying Reliability Benefits From Improved Solar Power Forecasting in Multi-Timescale Power System Operations (2017)

Solar power forecasting improvements are mainly evaluated by statistical and economic metrics, and the practical reliability benefits of these forecasting enhancements have not yet been well quantified. This paper aims to quantify reliability benefits from solar power forecasting improvements. To systematically analyze the relationship between solar power forecasting improvements and reliability performance in power system operations, an expected synthetic reliability (ESR) metric is proposed to integrate multiple state-of-the-art independent reliability metrics. The absolute value and standard deviation of area control errors (ACEs), and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation Control Performance Standard 2 (CPS2) score are calculated through a multi-timescale scheduling simulation, including the day-ahead unit commitment, real-time unit commitment, real-time economic dispatch, and automatic generation control sub-models. The absolute ACE in energy, CPS2 violations, CPS2 score, and standard deviation of the raw ACE are all calculated and combined as the ESR metric. Numerical simulations show that the reliability benefits of multi-timescale power system operations are significantly increased due to the improved solar power forecasts.
Introduction (2003)

If there was a Moore's Law for user interfaces, it would state that the number of computers per user will double every two years. In the past four decades, we have moved from many users sharing a single mainframe computer through command line interfaces, to a single user with a personal computer using a graphical user interface (GUI). Today, increasing numbers of users are surrounded by multiple ubiquitous computing devices, such as BlackBerries, PDAs, and cell phones. As our devices connect to a global wireless network, we become members of a 24-hour global society---one where we are always connected, and always on.
Student's Recognition on the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Exercise (2003)

At Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University, about 130 students take the subject "Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Exercise" in one term. We divide the students into 2 classes, and in each class, 12 groups are constructed, 5 to 6 students belong to each group. Experiment program air structurally center of 3 Dynamics, and doesn't include besides manufacturing, electric circuit exercise. The Experiment program is imaginative and original work, Student's be interest in experiment has arouse, In this paper the authors are reporting in the student's Recognition on the Laboratory Exercise