gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency in Solution‐Processed Rigid CuIn(S,Se)2 and Flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells Utilizing Plasmonic Au‐SiO2 Core‐Shell Nanoparticles (2019)

Plasmonic resonance effect triggered by gold nanoparticles (NPs) is utilized to enhance light harvesting in different types of thin‐film solar cells. However, there is no report using the plasmonic resonance effect triggered by metal NPs in chalcopyrite absorber‐based devices because of the high reactivity between the metal NPs and indium/copper/gallium during the required high‐temperature selenization process. In this work, Au NPs encapsulated by a thin protective silicon oxide shell in the chalcopyrite absorber‐based solar cells deposited by scalable solution deposition techniques under the 600 °C selenization process are demonstrated. The increased scattering and surface plasmonic resonance induced field generated by the nanoparticles can lead to significant enhancement in light absorption and charge carrier generation across a broad spectral range. Enhanced power conversion efficiency in solution‐processed rigid CuIn(S,Se) 2 from 1.95 to 2.26% and flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells from 9.28% to 10.88% is achieved after the addition of plasmonic Au‐SiO 2 core‐shell NPs in the absorber layer. This work demonstrates a facile method for chalcopyrite solar cell enhancement, which is compatible with low‐cost and high‐throughput manufacturing process.
Efficient energy beamforming for multi-device microwave wireless power transfer under Tx/Rx power constraints (2017)

This paper proposes an efficient energy beamforming technique for microwave wireless power transfer (WPT) feeding multiple devices simultaneously. The key feature of the proposed technique is the utilization of an optimal weight generated by synthesizing orthogonal bases of a channel matrix that are effective for power transfer, so that total power transfer efficiency in the system is maximized satisfying both transmitting (Tx) power limit and required receiving (Rx) power. This algorithm is beneficial in terms of both efficiencies of (i) power transfer for the whole system and (ii) computation for weight generation. By numerical simulation using a geometry-based channel model, the mechanism of the proposed technique is elucidated by a qualitative analysis of radiation patterns. Furthermore, its effectiveness is verified by a quantitative evaluation from the viewpoints of constraint satisfaction and power transfer efficiency.
The recursive nanobox processor grid: a reliable system architecture for unreliable nanotechnology devices (2004)

Advanced molecular nanotechnology devices are expected to have exceedingly high transient fault rates and large numbers of inherent device defects compared to conventional CMOS devices. We introduce the recursive nanobox processor grid as an application specific, fault-tolerant, parallel computing system designed for fabrication with unreliable nanotechnology devices. In this initial study we construct VHDL models of the nanobox processor cell ALU and evaluate the effectiveness of our recursive fault masking approach in the presence of random transient errors. Our analysis shows that the ALU can calculate correctly 100 percent of the time with raw FIT (failures in time) rates as high as 10/sub 23/. We achieve this error correction with an area overhead on the order of 9x, which is quite reasonable given the high integration densities expected with nanodevices.
A Microfluidic Device for Flow-Through Blood Oxygenation by Photocatalytic Action (2009)

The breakthrough work of Fujishima and Honda in 1972 [1], in which they achieved ultraviolet light-induced water cleavage with the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in an electrochemical cell, has drawn considerable attention in recent years to the “acceleration of a photoreaction by the presence of a catalyst” [2] or photocatalysis. Research on photocatalysis has explored the decomposition of organic pollutants and microorganisms, the superhydrophilic self-cleaning properties of surfaces, and the photosplitting of water, among other applications. Semiconductors can act as photocatalysts because of their electronic structure and TiO2, in particular, has been a popular choice. It is non-toxic and mechanically stable, can be fabricated at low-cost, and the anatase phase of TiO2 has a bandgap of approximately 3.2 eV, ideal for excitation by light in the ultraviolet range.
AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors on SiC substrates (2000)

We report on AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOS-HFETs) grown over insulating 4H–SiC substrates. We demonstrate that the dc and microwave performance of the MOS-HFETs is superior to that of conventional AlGaN/GaN HFETs, which points to the high quality of SiO2/AlGaN heterointerface. The MOS-HFETs could operate at positive gate biases as high as +10 V that doubles the channel current as compared to conventional AlGaN/GaN HFETs of a similar design. The gate leakage current was more than six orders of magnitude smaller than that for the conventional AlGaN/GaN HFETs. The MOS-HFETs exhibited stable operation at elevated temperatures up to 300 °C with excellent pinch-off characteristics. These results clearly establish the potential of using AlGaN/GaN MOS-HFET approach for high power microwave and switching devices.
Anisotropic elastic full-waveform inversion of walkaway vertical seismic profiling data from the Arabian Gulf (2015)

Borehole seismic addresses the need for high-resolution images and elastic parameters of the subsurface. Full-waveform inversion of vertical seismic profile data is a promising technology with the potential to recover quantitative information about elastic properties of the medium. Full-waveform inversion has the capability to process the entire wavefield and to address the wave propagation effects contained in the borehole data—multi-component measurements; anisotropic effects; compressional and shear waves; and transmitted, converted, and reflected waves and multiples. Full-waveform inversion, therefore, has the potential to provide a more accurate result compared with conventional processing methods. We present a feasibility study with results of the application of high-frequency (up to 60 Hz) anisotropic elastic full-waveform inversion to a walkaway vertical seismic profile data from the Arabian Gulf. Full-waveform inversion has reproduced the majority of the wave events and recovered a geologically plausible layered model with physically meaningful values of the medium.
Choice of a High‐Level Fault Modelfor the Optimization of Validation Test Set Reused for Manufacturing Test (2008)

With the growing complexity of wireless systems on chip integrating hundreds‐of‐millions of transistors, electronic design methods need to be upgraded to reduce time‐to‐market. In this paper, the test benches defined for design validation or characterization of AMS &amp; RF SoCs are optimized and reused for production testing. Although the original validation test set allows the verification of both design functionalities and performances, this test set is not well adapted to manufacturing test due to its high execution time and high test equipment costs requirement. The optimization of this validation test set is based on the evaluation of each test vector. This evaluation relies on high‐level fault modeling and fault simulation. Hence, a fault model based on the variations of the parameters of high abstraction level descriptions and its related qualification metric are presented. The choice of functional or behavioral abstraction levels is discussed by comparing their impact on structural fault coverage. Experiments are performed on the receiver part of a WCDMA transceiver. Results show that for this SoC, using behavioral abstraction level is justified for the generation of manufacturing test benches.
Identification of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Early Stage Unfavorable Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. (2005)

Abstract Background: In patients with early stage unfavorable Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) event-free-survival (EFS) is low compared to patients with early favorable or advanced stage disease. An international collaborative study was initiated to identify prognostic factors that could help to define among early stage unfavorable patients those who might benefit from more intensive treatment. Methods: Medline and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials in stage I/II HL. Trials should concern patients with one or more risk factors (age, sex, stage, B-symptoms, bulky disease, number of areas involved, laboratory parameters) receiving 4–6 cycles of ABVD or similar chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Only trials with ≥ 100 patients per study arm were considered. Individual patient data were collected. Results: Six studies were identified: GHSG: HD5, HD8, HD11; EORTC: H6U, H7U, H8U. Data from 4,235 patients enrolled between 08/1982 and 01/2003 were available for analysis. The proportion of missing data was very low for demographic and clinical characteristics (&amp;lt; 1%); it was acceptable (1.5–9%) for laboratory parameters with the exception of albumin (41% missing values, not recorded in 3 trials). Patient characteristics are listed below. The median follow up was 58.4 months (95% CI 56–61). At the time of analysis 612 patients had experienced an event (disease progression, relapse or death) leading to a 5-year EFS rate of 85%. Using an univariate Cox-regression stratified by study and treatment arm several parameters showed significant influence on EFS. Conclusion: The data set available is sufficiently powered to identify relevant prognostic factors. A multivariate analysis using updated data will be presented. Baseline parameter of inlcuded studies Age (median years) Male sex Sage (I/II) B symptoms Bulky disease Hb (median g/dL) All patients, n=4,325 32 2,039 (48.1%) I: 546 (12.9%), II: 3,688 (87.1%) 1,490 (35.2%) 1,936 (45.7%) 12.9 Missing data 1 (&amp;lt; 1%) 0 1 (&amp;lt; 1%) 35 (&amp;lt; 1%) 0 82 (1.9%)
Preparation of 3-hydroxycyclohexaneacetonitriles (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 3-hydroxycyclohexaneacetonitrilesSemiramis Ayral-Kaloustian and William C. AgostaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 24, 4880–4885Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00337a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00337a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HARQ in Relay-Assisted Transmission for Machine Type Communications (2016)

This letter describes the impact of unknown channel access delay on the timeline of the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process in the 3rd generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPP LTE) system when a relay node (RN) is used for coverage extension of machine type communication (MTC) devices. A solution is also proposed for the determination of unknown channel access delay when the RN operates in the unlicensed spectrum band. The proposed mechanism is expected to help MTC operation in typical coverage holes areas such as smart meters located in the basement of buildings.
Single-Cell Analysis of Morphological and Metabolic Heterogeneity in Euglena gracilis by Fluorescence-Imaging Flow Cytometry (2018)

Microalgal biofuels and biomass have ecofriendly advantages as feedstocks. Improved understanding and utilization of microalgae require large-scale analysis of the morphological and metabolic heterogeneity within populations. Here, with Euglena gracilis as a model microalgal species, we evaluate how fluorescence- and brightfield-derived-image-based descriptors vary during environmental stress at the single-cell level. This is achieved with a new multiparameter fluorescence-imaging cytometric technique that allows the assaying of thousands of cells per experiment. We track morphological changes, including the intensity and distribution of intracellular lipid droplets, and pigment autofluorescence. The combined fluorescence-morphological analysis identifies new metrics not accessible with traditional flow cytometry, including the lipid-to-cell-area ratio (LCAR), which shows promise as an indicator of oil productivity per biomass. Single-cell metrics of lipid productivity were highly correlated ( R<sup>2</sup> > 0.90, p < 0.005) with bulk oil extraction. Such chemomorphological atlases of algal species can help optimize growth conditions and selection approaches for large-scale biomass production.
Titanium dithiophosphates: A new class of multifunctional lubricant additives (1995)

Three oil-soluble trisopropoxytitanium dialkyphosphorodithioates and an oil-insoluble diisopropoxytitanium alkylenephosphorodithioate were synthesized in nearly quantitative yields. These titanium complexes were evaluated for their antifriction, extreme pressure, antiwear and antioxidant properties in lubricating base oils and greases. The results show that at 0.5% w/w level, these complexes reduce the coefficient of friction by 20 to 25 percent, increase weld load by 45 to 110 percent, decrease metallic wear by 25 to 45 percent and considerably improve resistance of oil towards oxidation. The performance of these newly developed multifunctional additives has been compared with commercially established additives like molybdenum dithiophosphates and zinc dithiophosphates. 23 refs., 5 figs., 7 tabs.
Porous photonic crystal external cavity laser biosensor for drug screening (2016)

We report a photonic crystal (PC) biosensor that incorporates a porous TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film to boost sensitivity by enlarged surface area and enhanced interaction with the resonant electromagnetic fields. In the context of sensing small molecule interactions with proteins, the porous PC achieves 3.7x larger resonant wavelength shifts than an equivalent nonporous structure. Utilizing the porous PC as the wavelength selective element in an external cavity laser, the system provides narrow resonant linewidth via stimulated emission, and therefore establishes sub-picometer accuracy, representing a record high figure of merit for label free optical biosensors.
Substrate integrated waveguides optimized for ultrahigh-speed digital interconnects (2006)

This paper reports an experimental and computational study of substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) optimized for use as ultrahigh-speed bandpass waveguiding digital interconnects. The novelty of this study resides in our successful design, fabrication, and testing of low-loss SIWs that achieve 100% relative bandwidths via optimal excitation of the dominant TE/sub 10/ mode and avoidance of the excitation of the TE/sub 20/ mode. Furthermore, our optimal structures maintain their 100% relative bandwidth while transmitting around 45/spl deg/ and 90/spl deg/ bends, and achieve measured crosstalk of better than -30 dB over the entire passband. We consider SIWs operating at center frequencies of 50 GHz, accommodating in principle data rates of greater than 50 Gb/s. These SIWs are 35% narrower in the transverse direction and provide a 20% larger relative bandwidth than our previously reported electromagnetic bandgap waveguiding digital interconnects. Since existing circuit-board technology permits dimensional reductions of the SIWs by yet another factor of 4:1 relative to the ones discussed here, bandpass operation at center frequencies approaching 200 GHz with data rates of 200 Gb/s are feasible. These data rates meet or exceed those expected eventually for proposed silicon photonic technologies.
Molecular engineering of nonlinear optical polymer thin films for ultrashort optical pulse diagnostics (2002)

We discuss the molecular engineering of a second order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer materials specifically for ultrashort optical pulse diagnostics. We use second harmonic generation (SHG) frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) to measure the amplitude and phase of an ultrashort pulse. It is shown that thin poled TCV/PMMA are sufficiently nonlinear and robust to be used in Ti:Sapphire ultrashort pulse diagnostics. Since such thin NLO films are not limited by phasematching they hold great promise for extremely short pulse diagnostics.
Ion/Ion Reaction (2016)

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The Impact of Low Octane Primary Reference Fuel on HCCI Combustion Burn Rates: The Role of Thermal Stratification (2017)

A new experimental method was developed which isolated charge composition effects for wide levels of internal exhaust gas recirculation (iEGR) at constant total EGR (tEGR) for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion. The effect of changing iEGR was examined for both gasoline (research octane number (RON) = 90.5) and PRF40 at constant charge composition at multiple engine speeds. For this study, the charge composition was defined as the total mass of fresh air, fuel, and tEGR. Experimental results showed that for a given iEGR level, PRF40 had a reduced burn duration and higher maximum heat release rate (HRR) when compared with gasoline. PRF40 was found to have a nearly constant burn duration and HRR for a given load and CA50, largely independent of engine speed and iEGR level. Gasoline, for equivalent conditions, showed an increased burn duration at higher iEGR levels. When comparing PRF40 to gasoline at fixed combustion phasing and iEGR level, the increased HRR for PRF40 was correlated with reduced intake valve closing (IVC) temperatures. To examine the impact of thermal gradients (as distinct from fuel chemistry effects) due to IVC temperature differences, a multizone “balloon model” was used to evaluate experimental conditions. The model results demonstrated that when the in-cylinder temperature profiles between fuels were matched by adjusting wall temperature, the heat release rates were nearly identical. This result suggested the observed differences in burn rates between gasoline and PRF40 were influenced to a large degree by differences in thermal stratification and to a lesser extent by differences in fuel chemistry.
Data from AGS67E, an Anti-CD37 Monomethyl Auristatin E Antibody–Drug Conjugate as a Potential Therapeutic for B/T-Cell Malignancies and AML: A New Role for CD37 in AML (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;CD37 is a tetraspanin expressed on malignant B cells. Recently, CD37 has gained interest as a therapeutic target. We developed AGS67E, an antibody–drug conjugate that targets CD37 for the potential treatment of B/T-cell malignancies. It is a fully human monoclonal IgG2 antibody (AGS67C) conjugated, via a protease-cleavable linker, to the microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). AGS67E induces potent cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell-cycle alterations in many non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell lines and patient-derived samples &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. It also shows potent antitumor activity in NHL and CLL xenografts, including Rituxan-refractory models. During profiling studies to confirm the reported expression of CD37 in normal tissues and B-cell malignancies, we made the novel discovery that the CD37 protein was expressed in T-cell lymphomas and in AML. AGS67E bound to &gt;80% of NHL and T-cell lymphomas, 100% of CLL and 100% of AML patient-derived samples, including CD34&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD38&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; leukemic stem cells. It also induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell-cycle alterations in AML cell lines and antitumor efficacy in orthotopic AML xenografts. Taken together, this study shows not only that AGS67E may serve as a potential therapeutic for B/T-cell malignancies, but it also demonstrates, for the first time, that CD37 is well expressed and a potential drug target in AML. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 14(7); 1650–60. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Zero-distortion lossless data embedding (2004)

All known methods of lossless or reversible data embedding that exist today suffer from two major disadvantages: 1) The embedded image suffers from distortion, however small it may be by the very process of embedding and 2) The requirement of a special parser (decoder), which is necessary for the client to remove the embedded data in order to obtain the original image (lossless). We propose a novel lossless data embedding method where both these disadvantages are circumvented. Zero-distortion lossless data embedding (ZeroD-LDE) claims 'zero-distortion' of the embedded image for all viewing purposes and further maintaining that clients without any specialized parser can still recover the original image losslessly but would not have direct access to the embedded data. The fact that not all gray levels are used by most images is exploited to embed data by selective lossless compression of run-lengths of zeros (or any compressible pattern). Contiguous runs of zeros are changed such that the leading zero is made equal to the maximum original intensity plus the run-length and the succeeding zeros are converted to the embedded data (plus maximum original intensity) thus achieving extremely high embedding capacities. This way, the histograms of the host-data and the embedded data do not overlap and hence we can obtain zero-distortion by using the window-level setting of standard DICOM viewers. The embedded image is thus not only DICOM compatible but also zero-distortion visually and requires no clinical validation.
CCR Translation on this article from Anti–Programmed Death-1 Synergizes with Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Secreting Tumor Cell Immunotherapy Providing Therapeutic Benefit to Mice with Established Tumors (2023)

CCR Translation on this article from Anti–Programmed Death-1 Synergizes with Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Secreting Tumor Cell Immunotherapy Providing Therapeutic Benefit to Mice with Established Tumors