gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
catena-Poly[diquinolinium [[diaquacobaltate(II)]-μ-cyclotetraphosphato] hexahydrate] (2010)

The cyclo-tetra-phosphate anion, [P(4)O(12)](4-), forms the title complex with cobalt(II) and quinolinium, {(C(9)H(8)N)(2)[Co(P(4)O(12))(H(2)O)(2)]·6H(2)O}(n). In the complex anion, the Co(II) ion, lying on an inversion center, is surrounded by four phosphate O atoms and two water mol-ecules in a slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry. The crystal structure consists of anionic ribbons of formula {[Co(P(4)O(12))(H(2)O)(2)](2-)}(n) extending along [100]. A network of O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds consolidates the crystal packing.
Unusual η2‐Allene Osmacycle with Apoptotic Properties (2010)

Screening of a library of structurally unusual osmacyclic complexes for their antiproliferate properties in HeLa cells led to the discovery of a highly cytotoxic eta2-allene osmacycle. In this remarkably stable complex, osmium constitutes part of a metallacycle through the formation of a sigma-bond to a carbon in combination with coordination to an allene moiety. The osmacycle strongly induces apoptosis in Burkitt-like lymphoma cells at submicromolar concentrations. The reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the induction of DNA fragmentation, and the activation of caspases-9 and -3 reveal that programmed cell death occurs through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. From the lipophilic and cationic nature of the osmacycle, in addition to a low oxidation potential (E1/2=+0.27 V vs. Fc/Fc+, Fc=ferrocene) it is proposed that mitochondria are the cellular target where oxidative decomposition initiates apoptosis.
Empowering the trustworthiness of ML-based critical systems through engineering activities (2022)

This paper reviews the entire engineering process of trustworthy Machine Learning (ML) algorithms designed to equip critical systems with advanced analytics and decision functions. We start from the fundamental principles of ML and describe the core elements conditioning its trust, particularly through its design: namely domain specification, data engineering, design of the ML algorithms, their implementation, evaluation and deployment. The latter components are organized in an unique framework for the design of trusted ML systems.
Radiolabelled probes for imaging of atherosclerotic plaques. (2012)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Unstable atherosclerotic plaques are prone to rupture followed by thrombus formation, vessel stenosis, and occlusion and frequently lead to acute myocardial infarction and brain infarction. As such, unstable plaques represent an important diagnostic target in clinical settings and the specific diagnosis of unstable plaques would enable preventive treatments for cardiovascular disease. To date, various imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) have been widely used clinically. Although these methods have advantages in terms of spatial resolution and the ability to make detailed identification of morphological alterations such as calcifications and vessel stenosis, these techniques require skill or expertise to discriminate plaque instability, which is essential for early diagnosis and treatment and can present difficulties for quantitative estimation. On the other hand, nuclear imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can noninvasively collect quantitative information on the expression levels of functional molecules and metabolic activities in vivo and thus provide functional diagnoses of unstable plaques with high sensitivity. Specifically, unstable plaques are characterized by an abundance of invasive inflammatory cells (macrophages), increased oxidative stress that increases oxidized LDL and its receptor expressed on cells in the lesions, increased occurrence of apoptosis of macrophages and other cells involved in disease progression, increased protease expression and activity, and finally thrombus formation triggered by plaque rupture, which is the most important mechanism leading to the onset of infarctions and ischemic sudden death. Therefore, these characteristics can all be targets for molecular imaging by PET and SPECT. In this paper, we review the present state and future of radiolabelled probes that have been developed for detecting atherosclerotic unstable plaques with nuclear imaging techniques.
Australia's Involvement in the Vietnam War, the Political Dimension Part 1 (1995)

This is the second post promised analysing why Australia entered the Vietnam War. American readers should be warned that because it looks primarily at the domestic political scene in Australia at the time, it does as a consequence refer to characters and events which most of you will not be aware of. However, I have included a short preface, attempting to identify most of the major players and the themes which ran behind the scenes in Australian society.
The Role of the CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Gene for Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) (1990)

Previous studies have identified a region in the promoter of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK) (positions -460 to +73) containing the regulatory elements which respond to cyclic AMP, glucocorticoids, and insulin and confer the tissue- and developmental stage-specific properties to the gene. We report that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) binds to the cyclic AMP-responsive element CRE-1 as well as to two regions which have been previously shown to bind proteins enriched in liver nuclei. The DNase I footprint pattern provided by the recombinant C/EBP was identical to that produced by a 43-kDa protein purified from rat liver nuclear extracts, using a CRE oligonucleotide affinity column, which was originally thought to be the CRE-binding protein CREB. Transient contransfection experiments using a C/EBP expression vector demonstrated that C/EBP could trans activate the PEPCK promoter. The trans activation occurred through both the upstream, liver-specific protein-binding domains and the CRE. The CRE-binding protein bound only to CRE-1 and not to the upstream C/EBP-binding sites. The results of this study, along with physiological properties of C/EBP, indicate an important role for this transcription factor in providing the PEPCK gene with several of its regulatory characteristics.
Photoproduction of an isovector ρπ state at 1775 MeV (1991)

Evidence is presented for the charge-exchange photoproduction, in two distinct reactions, of an isovector \ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi} state of mass \ensuremath{\sim}1775 MeV. Results of an analysis of the decay-angular distributions are also presented, from which it is concluded that ${\mathit{J}}^{\mathit{P}}$=${1}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, ${2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, or ${3}^{+}$.
Large-scale malware indexing using function-call graphs (2009)

A major challenge of the anti-virus (AV) industry is how to effectively process the huge influx of malware samples they receive every day. One possible solution to this problem is to quickly determine if a new malware sample is similar to any previously-seen malware program. In this paper, we design, implement and evaluate a malware database management system called SMIT (Symantec Malware Indexing Tree) that can efficiently make such determination based on malware's function-call graphs, which is a structural representation known to be less susceptible to instruction-level obfuscations commonly employed by malware writers to evade detection of AV software. Because each malware program is represented as a graph, the problem of searching for the most similar malware program in a database to a given malware sample is cast into a nearest-neighbor search problem in a graph database. To speed up this search, we have developed an efficient method to compute graph similarity that exploits structural and instruction-level information in the underlying malware programs, and a multi-resolution indexing scheme that uses a computationally economical feature vector for early pruning and resorts to a more accurate but computationally more expensive graph similarity function only when it needs to pinpoint the most similar neighbors. Results of a comprehensive performance study of the SMIT prototype using a database of more than 100,000 malware demonstrate the effective pruning power and scalability of its nearest neighbor search mechanisms.
Anisotropic Lithiation and Sodiation of ReS2 Studied by In-situ TEM (2018)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
CONTINUED CLAVICULAR GROWTH DURING ADOLESCENCE AND EARLY ADULTHOOD (2019)

Background: As more adults undergo surgical fixation of clavicle fractures, there is a renewed interest in the management of adolescent fractures. While the medial clavicular physis does not fuse until 23-25 years, literature reports limited residual growth of the clavicle during adolescence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the longitudinal clavicular growth on serial thoracic radiographs in adolescents and young adults. Methods: A review was performed on two cohorts of patients: 1. Scheuermann’s Kyphosis patients and 2. A prospectively collected adolescent idiopathic scoliosis registry. Patients, 10-25yrs old, were included if they had serial thoracic radiographs over 5 years with at least 3 serial radiographs capturing the entire length of at least one clavicle. Radiographs were excluded for malrotation. Known surgical implant dimensions were utilized to normalize measurements. The measurements were organized into 3 groups: 12-15yrs, 16-19yrs and =20yrs. The overall growth, the growth per year and the growth percentage per year were calculated for each clavicle. Results: Fifty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria (22 males and 35 female). For male patients, age 12-15yrs, the clavicular growth was 5.2 mm/yr and 4.2%/yr, age 16-19yrs: 3.0 mm/yr or 2.3%/yr and for ages 20-25yrs: 1.7mm/yr or 1.4%/yr. For female patients, 12-15yrs, there was 4.6mm/yr and 3.9%/yr, 16-19yrs: 2.0mm/yr or 1.6%/yr, and for age 20-25yrs: 0.8mm/yr or 0.6%/yr. We were unable to detect an age of terminal growth for either gender because residual growth was still ongoing in most patients of the oldest group. Conclusion/Significance: This study suggests that there is continued growth potential of the clavicle after the age of 18yrs and as such more remodeling potential during adolescence than may have otherwise been appreciated. It is unclear how this data will influence surgical decision making in clavicle fracture treatment.
Efficient Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Functionalized Imines by Isopropanol under Controlled Microwave Heating. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselectivity toward VX Is Determined by Interactions with Residues of the Acyl Pocket as Well as of the Peripheral Anionic Site of AChE (2004)

The origins of human acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) reactivity toward the lethal chemical warfare agent O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX) and its stereoselectivity toward the P(S)-VX enantiomer (VX(S)) were investigated by examining the reactivity of HuAChE and its mutant derivatives toward purified enantiomers of VX and its noncharged isostere O-ethyl S-(3-isopropyl-4-methylpentyl) methylphosphonothioate (nc-VX) as well as echothiophate and its noncharged analogue. Reactivity of wild-type HuAChE toward VX(S) was 115-fold higher than that toward VX(R), with bimolecular rate constants of 1.4 x 10(8) and 1.2 x 10(6) min(-1) M(-1). HuAChE was also 12500-fold more reactive toward VX(S) than toward nc-VX(S). Substitution of the cation binding subsite residue Trp86 with alanine resulted in a 3 order of magnitude decrease in HuAChE reactivity toward both VX enantiomers, while this replacement had an only marginal effect on the reactivity toward the enantiomers of nc-VX and the noncharged echothiophate. These results attest to the critical role played by Trp86 in accommodating the charged moieties of both VX enantiomers. A marked decrease in stereoselectivity toward VX(S) was observed following replacements of Phe295 at the acyl pocket (F295A and F295A/F297A). Replacement of the peripheral anionic site (PAS) residue Asp74 with asparagine (D74N) practically abolished stereoselectivity toward VX(S) (130-fold decrease), while a substitution which retains the negative charge at position 74 (D74E) had no effect. The results from kinetic studies and molecular simulations suggest that the differential reactivity toward the VX enantiomers is mainly a result of a different interaction of the charged leaving group with Asp74.
Thermal modeling of resistive magnets for field-cycled MRI (2005)

In conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a single superconducting magnet is used during the polarization and signal acquisition phases of imaging. In field-cycled MRI, the superconducting magnet is replaced by two actively controlled resistive magnets: a high-field magnet to polarize the sample and a low-field magnet for signal acquisition. Both resistive magnets generate heat during operation and must be actively cooled to provide thermal stability. This article presents two theoretical heat transfer models—one to predict the time dependence of the average temperature of a water-cooled magnet and one to predict the spatially dependent equilibrium temperature throughout the magnet system. A prototype water-cooled magnet was built to evaluate the theoretical models. Reasonable agreement was found between the experimental temperatures and those predicted by the theoretical models. These models can be used to predict the magnet temperature of a field-cycled MRI system during any given pulse sequence of the resistive magnets. More importantly, these models aid in optimizing the thermal properties of any field-cycled MRI system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 26B: 56–66, 2005.
Investigation of intermediate layers in oxides/GaN(0001) by electron microscopy (2018)

We investigated interfaces in oxides/GaN(0001) by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). As a result, it was confirmed that a few-monolayer-thick crystalline intermediate layers with structures lattice-matched to GaN existed in plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD)-prepared SiO2/GaN. The STEM images of intermediate layers were quite similar to those of recently reported native oxides on GaN. Moreover, epitaxial layers with ∼8% smaller in-plain lattice constants than GaN were observed in thermally oxidized GaN/GaN(0001), some parts of which seemed to be γ-Ga2O3. This suggests that oxidation conditions play a critical role in the formation of structures of these intermediate layers.
OPERATION ENZA: THE MILITARY OPERATION IN SUPPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE TERRITORY OF PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA DURING THE INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC OF 1969 (1970)

This paper endeavours to describe only the military operations and to discuss briefly the implications of the rapid and mass commitment of men and supplies in such civil emergencies. In doing so, attention is drawn to the immense resources required for successful epidemic control in an underdeveloped country and the requirement in such countries for an epidemic control organization with the necessary statutory authority to conduct, control and coordinate all available resources in time of emergency. During the operation, 146,000 people were medically contacted, and some 50,000 penicillin “Syrettes” used together with considerable amounts of vaccine. The operation appeared to be successful in all aspects.
High-speed vectorial lightwave modulation techniques (2008)

We describe high-speed vectorial modulation techniques for high-capacity transmission systems. Integrated parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators can achieve various types of lightwave modulation, such as differential quadrature phase shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation.
Routing mechanisms and cross-layer design for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A survey (2011)

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) will pave the way to advance automotive safety and occupant convenience. The potential VANET applications present diverse requirements. VANET shows unique characteristics and presents a set of challenges. The proposed VANET applications demand reliable and proficient message dissemination techniques. Routing techniques proposed for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) do not cater for the characteristics of VANET. The need for novel routing techniques, exclusively designed for VANET has been recognised. This paper analyses different routing techniques proposed specifically for VANET. Unique characteristics of VANET pose challenges to traditional layered architecture where different layers make independent decisions. Mobility, absence of global view of network, random changes in topology, poor link quality and varied channel conditions have encouraged the paradigm shift to cross-layer approach. In order to optimise the performance of VANET, architectures based on cross-layer approach have been proposed by the researchers. The paper also surveys such cross-layer paradigm based solutions for VANET and concludes with an analytical summary.
A novel FDTD technique for modeling chiral media (2002)

A novel and robust numerical scheme was developed to model bi-isotropic materials in the time domain, based on the FDTD method. The main advantage of this new scheme is its inherent simplicity, which will easily allow the modeling of dispersive bi-isotropic behavior and of bi-anisotropic materials in the FDTD. Previous attempts have been made in the area of modeling chiral or bi-isotropic media. This paper details the main ideas behind a newly-developed scheme to model bi-isotropic materials using the FDTD technique and shows the results that validate the method.
Flexible deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes for significant improvement of quantum efficiencies by external bending (2018)

Deep ultraviolet (DUV) light at the wavelength range of 250‒280 nm (UVC spectrum) is essential for numerous applications such as sterilization, purification, sensing, and communication. III-nitride-based DUV light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs), like other solid-state lighting sources, offer a great potential to replace the conventional gas-discharged lamps with short lifetimes and toxic-element-bearing nature. However, unlike visible LEDs, the DUV LEDs are still suffering from low quantum efficiencies (QEs) and low optical output powers. In this work, reported is a new route to improve QEs of AlGaN-based DUV LEDs using mechanical flexibility of recently developed bendable thin-film structures. Numerical studies show that electronic band structures of AlGaN heterostructures and resulting optical and electrical characteristics of the devices can be significantly modified by external bending through active control of piezoelectric polarization. Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is enhanced higher than three times, when the DUV LEDs are moderately bent to induce in-plane compressive strain in the heterostructure. Furthermore, efficiency droop at high injection currents is mitigated and turn-on voltage of diodes decreases with the same bending condition. The concept of bendable DUV LEDs with a controlled external strain can provide a new path for high-output-power and high-efficiency devices.
OARS - A New System for Mapping Surface Mineralogy Simultaneously with Airborne Geophysics (2001)

The Operational Airborne Research Spectrometer (OARS) is a novel hyperspectral profiling reflectance spectrometer developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and Fugro Airborne Surveys (FAS) to examine alternative means to collect and deliver exploration data, based on the principles of reflectance spectroscopy. OARS is a component of CSIRO's "Airborne Mineralogy" concept.OARS can be integrated with other airborne geophysical instruments that principally collect magnetic, gamma-ray spectrometry and digital elevation data, and can be flown simultaneously on exactly the same flight lines. OARS will measure ground reflectance spectra from contiguous 8-m pixels from an altitude of 80 m.After data processing, interpolated images of relative mineral abundance can be reconstructed using differential GPS (DGPS) positioning data to produce a variety of mineralogical maps.The OARS system consists of a downward and an upwardlooking spectrometer. Each spectrometer covers 190 spectral channels in the visible to short-wave infrared range, with an average spectral resolution of 12 nm. This wavelength range allows OARS to map most species of phyllosilicates, clays, sulphates, carbonates and iron oxides, that occur in alteration zones, regolith and host rocks. Green and dry vegetation can also be identified. A CCD camera (Charge Coupled Device – Silicon Array) allows monitoring of the flight path while flight attitude sensors and DGPS are used for geo-location.The instrument was first tested in late 1998. Subsequent test surveys in early 1999, over a more challenging geological area in NW Australia, verified its ability to deliver new mineralogical data and its capability as part of an integrated system incorporating magnetic and gamma-ray spectrometry surveying. The resulting case study shows that this line profiling spectrometer can deliver useful interpolated mineral maps with potential synergistic benefits from co-registered magnetic and gamma ray images.
Gradient-index-mirror solid-state lasers (1994)

The properties of diode-pumped lasers with gradient-index (GRIN)-mirror resonators are described. The total loss of typical GRIN elements is measured and is found to be comparable with conventional mirrors. The efficiency, threshold, and modal quality of GRIN-mirror Nd:YAG lasers are shown to compare favorably with conventional designs. In addition, a polarized single-frequency laser that uses GRIN elements in conjunction with metal-film étalons is constructed and is shown to deliver output powers comparable with those of more complicated single-frequency designs.
Locked-Rotor Test Methods for Induction Motors Investigated (2016)

Locked-rotor testing is a common end-of-the-line check performed on most motors used in the petrochemical industry. Despite its popularity as a verification of rotor integrity and to confirm the current draw and torque produced at zero speed, there can be much ambiguity in how the test is performed. This test is not required by the National Electrical Manufactures Association Motors and Generators Standard (NEMA MG1) or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard 112 (IEEE 112). IEEE 112 contains a locked-rotor test method, but there can be variations in the results based upon the test conditions (duration of voltage application and magnitude of applied voltage, for instance). The purpose of this paper is to describe how the test procedure employed affects the locked-rotor test results for both current and torque. Model and test data are presented to illustrate the variations possible depending on the test technique.