gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Talk with the Heads of Departments and Bureaus of Education from Seven Provinces and Municipalities During the Party’s National Conference on Propaganda Work (1989)

"Talk with the Heads of Departments and Bureaus of Education from Seven Provinces and Municipalities During the Party’s National Conference on Propaganda Work" published on 08 Dec 1989 by Harvard University Asia Center.
First-in-Human Phase I, Dose-Escalation and -Expansion Study of Telisotuzumab Vedotin, an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting c-Met, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (2018)

Teliso-V monotherapy demonstrated favorable safety and tolerability profiles, with encouraging evidence of antitumor activity in patients with c-Met-positive NSCLC.
Educational Question Mining At Scale: Prediction, Analysis and Personalization (2020)

Online education platforms enable teachers to share a large number of educational resources such as questions to form exercises and quizzes for students. With large volumes of available questions, it is important to have an automated way to quantify their properties and intelligently select them for students, enabling effective and personalized learning experiences. In this work, we propose a framework for mining insights from educational questions at scale. We utilize the state-of-the-art Bayesian deep learning method, in particular partial variational auto-encoders (p-VAE), to analyze real students' answers to a large collection of questions. Based on p-VAE, we propose two novel metrics that quantify question quality and difficulty, respectively, and a personalized strategy to adaptively select questions for students. We apply our proposed framework to a real-world dataset with tens of thousands of questions and tens of millions of answers from an online education platform. Our framework not only demonstrates promising results in terms of statistical metrics but also obtains highly consistent results with domain experts' evaluation.
Pre-miRNA expressing plasmid delivery for anti-cancer therapy (2014)

The premiR145/GFP expressing plasmid DNA was delivered into glioma cells and the transcripted miRNA145 efficiently decreases the expression of CTGF.
Persilylated Phosphoranyl Radicals: The First Persistent Noncyclic Phosphoranyl Radicals (2006)

Abstract Persistent noncyclic phosphoranyl radicals have been prepared and observed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for the first time. They were obtained by UV‐photolysis of a solution containing a bis(trialkylsilyl) peroxide (R = Me, Et) and a tris(trialkylsilyl) phosphite (R = Me, Et, i Pr). EPR parameters ( a P ≈ 100 mT) are typical of phosphoranyl radicals exhibiting a trigonal‐bipyramidal structure, with the odd electron in an equatorial site. Analysis of the pseudo‐first‐order decay shows that these phosphoranyl radicals decay by S H 2 homolytic substitution on the bis(trialkylsilyl) peroxide and by loss of a trialkylsilyloxyl radical (α‐scission reaction). Both the S H 2 and α‐scission reactions depend on the steric bulk of the alkyl groups, that is, the bulkier the alkyl group, the slower the S H 2 and α‐scission reactions.
An Iterative Method to Stabilise a Transfer function in the s- and z-Domains (2005)

Stability of the identified model is crucial in simulation and prediction applications. This paper proposes a two step procedure that generates guaranteed stable transfer function models from noisy data. It consists of an unconstrained optimal noise removal step followed by a stable approximation of the possible unstable estimate. The proposed method is applicable to continuous-time as well as discrete-time and multi input, multivariable systems
Methotrexate Therapy of Wegener's Granulomatosis (1971)

Two patients with advanced Wegener's granulomatosis, one with nose, sinus, and skin involvement and the other with pulmonary, renal, and skin involvement, experienced marked improvement with intermittent methotrexate therapy. Initial treatment consisted of weekly intravenous injections of 50 mg. This was subsequently decreased to 15 and 25 mg as a single, weekly oral dose. Responses consisted of marked and rapid subjective relief of symptoms, healing of skin lesions, total clearing of pulmonary infiltrates, and lack of progression of nasal, sinus, and renal lesions. Remission of the disease, for more than 30 and 26 months, respectively, has occurred without evidence of oral or hematologic toxicity of methotrexate.
Researches regarding the influence of fertilization on the main physiological indexes of cucumber. (2012)

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the main changes in physiological and biochemical indices after applying some phosphorous based fertilizers. The following physiological indices were studied: Total chlorophyll content (SPAD); Total leaf area (cm 2 ); Total quantity of dry matter accumulated (%). We used a commercial gherkin cucumber genotype that was sowed in june 2, and in july 12 the plants were transplanted in bigger pots, having a 10 liters capacity, in a soil mixture: 4 parts peat: 1 part garden soil: 1 part sandy soil where they remained until the end of the experiment. In order for the experiment to run in best conditions it was sustained by maintaining soil optimum level of humidity, by applying the necessary treatments to control diseases and pests, and all the other specific cares. Treatments were performed at different stages of vegetation. Key words leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry matter, Cucumis sativus
ATM: Approximate Task Memoization in the Runtime System (2017)

Redundant computations appear during the execution of real programs. Multiple factors contribute to these unnecessary computations, such as repetitive inputs and patterns, calling functions with the same parameters or bad programming habits. Compilers minimize non useful code with static analysis. However, redundant execution might be dynamic and there are no current approaches to reduce these inefficiencies. Additionally, many algorithms can be computed with different levels of accuracy. Approximate computing exploits this fact to reduce execution time at the cost of slightly less accurate results. In this case, expert developers determine the desired tradeoff between performance and accuracy for each application. In this paper, we present Approximate Task Memoization (ATM), a novel approach in the runtime system that transparently exploits both dynamic redundancy and approximation at the task granularity of a parallel application. Memoization of previous task executions allows predicting the results of future tasks without having to execute them and without losing accuracy. To further increase performance improvements, the runtime system can memoize similar tasks, which leads to task approximate computing. By defining how to measure task similarity and correctness, we present an adaptive algorithm in the runtime system that automatically decides if task approximation is beneficial or not. When evaluated on a real 8-core processor with applications from different domains (financial analysis, stencil-computation, machine-learning and linear-algebra), ATM achieves a 1.4x average speedup when only applying memoization techniques. When adding task approximation, ATM achieves a 2.5x average speedup with an average 0.7% accuracy loss (maximum of 3.2%).
A First-in-Human Phase I Study of MORAb-004, a Monoclonal Antibody to Endosialin in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2014)

Preliminary antitumor activity was observed. Safety profile, pharmacokinetics, and early antitumor activity suggest that MORAb-004 is safe at doses up to 12 mg/kg and should be studied further for efficacy.
Investigating the Sketchplan: A Novel Way of Identifying Tactical Behavior in Massive Soccer Datasets (2021)

Coaches and analysts prepare for upcoming matches by identifying common patterns in the positioning and movement of the competing teams in specific situations. Existing approaches in this domain typically rely on manual video analysis and formation discussion using whiteboards; or expert systems that rely on state-of-the-art video and trajectory visualization techniques and advanced user interaction. We bridge the gap between these approaches by contributing a light-weight, simplified interaction and visualization system, which we conceptualized in an iterative design study with the coaching team of a European first league soccer team. Our approach is walk-up usable by all domain stakeholders, and at the same time, can leverage advanced data retrieval and analysis techniques: a virtual magnetic tactic-board. Users place and move digital magnets on a virtual tactic-board, and these interactions get translated to spatio-temporal queries, used to retrieve relevant situations from massive team movement data. Despite such seemingly imprecise query input, our approach is highly usable, supports quick user exploration, and retrieval of relevant results via query relaxation. Appropriate simplified result visualization supports in-depth analyses to explore team behavior, such as formation detection, movement analysis, and what-if analysis. We evaluated our approach with several experts from European first league soccer clubs. The results show that our approach makes the complex analytical processes needed for the identification of tactical behavior directly accessible to domain experts for the first time, demonstrating our support of coaches in preparation for future encounters.
Table S4 from Phase I Dose-Escalation and -Expansion Study of Telisotuzumab (ABT-700), an Anti–c-Met Antibody, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional details on TEAEs for all doses in the combination therapy cohort&lt;/p&gt;
Ray Tracing Generalized Tube Primitives: Method and Applications (2019)

We present a general high-performance technique for ray tracing generalized tube primitives. Our technique efficiently supports tube primitives with fixed and varying radii, general acyclic graph structures with bifurcations, and correct transparency with interior surface removal. Such tube primitives are widely used in scientific visualization to represent diffusion tensor imaging tractographies, neuron morphologies, and scalar or vector fields of 3D flow. We implement our approach within the OSPRay ray tracing framework, and evaluate it on a range of interactive visualization use cases of fixed- and varying-radius streamlines, pathlines, complex neuron morphologies, and brain tractographies. Our proposed approach provides interactive, high-quality rendering, with low memory overhead.
An 802.11ax 4×4 spectrum-efficient WLAN AP transceiver SoC supporting 1024QAM with frequency-dependent IQ calibration and integrated interference analyzer (2018)

An exponentially Increasing number of wireless-LAN (WLAN) devices In a dense environment causes a decrease in throughput owing to collisions among the devices and the lack of contiguous bandwidth. The next-generation standard of 802.11ax improves spectrum efficiency by additionally supporting 1024 (1K) QAM, OFDMA with 80+80MHz; these impose several challenges to silicon design. 1K-QAM demands extreme IQ balance with an IRR better than −50dB over a wide frequency range up to 80MHz to achieve at least −35dB RX EVM or less. Noise characteristics better than −44dBc LO integrated phase noise as well as 50dB isolation between each TRX chain are mandatory. To best make use of the essential features defined in the 11ax standard, a real-time and arbitrary spectrum-resource control capability at each access point (AP) is beneficial both in terms of further improvement in spectrum efficiency as well as communication reliability in ISM coexisting bands and legacy WLAN. Interference identification of the order of 10με while incorporating everything into a strictly limited silicon area is key to launching the advanced unique functionality. This paper presents a fully integrated 4×4 802.11abgn/ac/ax-compliant AP transceiver SoC. The chip offers frequency-dependent IQ (FD-IQ) mismatch calibration for both amplitude and phase, low-noise TX BB and multimode LO distribution techniques, and real-time interference detection including 2.4GHz inverter-type microwave (MW) ovens.
Crystallization of long polycrystalline silicon with a long duration pulse from a Nd:YAG laser system (2015)

We have investigated the crystallization of a long polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) annealed by a single-shot laser pulse, which is generated from a novel variable-pulse-duration laser system. We report a quantitative study of the correlation between the crystal length and the laser pulse parameters (in particular, pulse energy per unit area and duration). The laser system consists of two laser sources: a constant short-duration pulsed laser (λ = 532 nm, duration = 20 ns) and a variable-duration pulsed laser (λ = 1064 nm, duration = 80–1300 ns). The two pulses, which were generated from separate laser sources, were incident on the substrate at almost the same time. By using the laser system, it is experimentally found that there is a proportional relationship between the crystal length and the pulse energy per unit area of the 1064 nm pulse, and we obtained poly-Si crystals with an average length of more than 10 µm by increasing the pulse energy per unit area of the 1064 nm pulse and expanding the pulse duration. To interpret the experimental results, we have also qualitatively considered the crystallization of a long poly-Si.
Improvements to color image and machine learning based thin-film nitrate sensor performance prediction: New texture features, repeated cross-validation, and auto-tuning of hyperparameters (2022)

A correlation between thin-film nitrate sensor performance and sensor surface texture was hypothesized. Based on this hypothesis, we began research on the application of machine learning methods on thin-film nitrate sensor surface images to predict its performance. This technology would enable real-time optimization adjustments to be made during production to greatly increase the quality of the sensors while reducing costs associated with testing and defective sensors. Recently, we have made progress in the addition of new texture features, repeated crossvalidation methods, and auto-tuning of hyperparameters.
ChemInform Abstract: A Flexible Approach to Hexahydronaphthalene‐1‐carboxylates. (2012)

Abstract The title method is based on the Favorskii rearrangement of an α,α‐dichloroketone.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Relationship of Gene Expression and Chromosomal Abnormalities in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure S4 from Relationship of Gene Expression and Chromosomal Abnormalities in Colorectal Cancer
Performance of a BGO PET/CT with Higher Resolution PET Detectors (2006)

A new PET detector block has been designed to replace the standard detector of the Discovery ST PET/CT system. The new detector block is the same size as the original, but consists of an 8/spl times/6 (tangential /spl times/ axial) matrix of crystals rather than the original 6/spl times/6. The new crystal dimensions are 4.7 /spl times/ 6.3 /spl times/ 30 mm/sup 3/ (tangential /spl times/ axial /spl times/ radial). Full PET/CT systems have been built with these detectors (Discovery STE). Most other aspects of the system are identical to the standard Discovery ST, with differences including the low energy threshold for 3D imaging (now 425 keV) and front-end electronics. Initial performance evaluation has been done, including NEMA NU2-2001 tests and imaging of the 3D Hoffman brain phantom and a neck phantom with small lesions. The system sensitivity was 1.90 counts/s/kBq in 2D, and 9.35 counts/s/kBq in 3D. Scatter fractions measured for 2D and 3D, respectively, were 18.6% and 34.5%. In 2D, the peak NEC of 89.9 kcps occurred at 47.0 kBq/cc. In 3D, the peak NEC of 74.3 kcps occurred at 8.5 kBq/cc. Spatial resolution (all expressed in mm FWHM) measured in 2D for 1 cm off-axis source 5.06 transaxial, 5.14 axial and for 10 cm source 5.45 radial, 5.86 tangential, and 6.23 axial. In 3D for 1 cm off-axis source 5.13 transaxial, 5.74 axial, and for 10 cm source 5.92 radial, 5.54 tangential, and 6.16 axial. Images of the brain and neck phantom demonstrate some improvement, compared to measurements on a standard Discovery ST.
Direct Electroplating on Nonconductors (1995)

Recently proposed processes for direct electroplating on nonconductive substrates offer numerous advantages. The industrial implementation of such processes is, however, hampered by lack of understanding. Presented here is a model for this class of processes based on three synergistic mechanisms: (i) stepwise propagation through the seed clusters that serve as sequentially activated microelectrodes, (ii) preferential accessibility to current of the sharp edge, and (iii) kinetics‐based enhancement due to the fast propagation of an additive‐free edge. The model has been computer simulated and verified by experiments of copper electroplating on nonconductive substrates.
Conical emission from laser–plasma interactions in the filamentation of powerful ultrashort laser pulses in air (1997)

We performed detailed experimental and numerical investigations of the conical emission (CE) accompanying the filamentation of powerful ultrashort laser pulses in air. It was found that the CE originates from self-phase modulation in the plasma produced by the pulse during propagation. The experiment and the simulation agree on the essential features of the CE: The CE angle decreases with increasing wavelength and is independent of the position along the filament, and there is no CE at Stokes-shifted wavelengths.
Phosphorylation and arginine methylation mark histone H2A prior to deposition during Xenopus laevis development (2014)

Significantly, we demonstrated that H2A phosphorylation and H4 arginine methylation form a new class of bona fide pre-deposition modifications in the vertebrate embryo. We show that S1ph and R3me containing chromatin domains are not correlated with H3 regulatory PTMs, suggesting a unique role for phosphorylation and arginine methylation.
Thermal production of superheavy magnetic monopoles in the new inflationary-universe scenario (1985)

We consider the thermal production of superheavy (e.g. \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{16}$ GeV) monopoles in an inflationary-universe scenario in which the grand-unified-theory (GUT) and inflationary phase transitions are distinct. By investigating the requirements placed on the GUT sector in such a scenario, we find that a large class of GUT models are consistent with the scenario and admit reheating to temperatures high enough to produce "interesting" (i.e., observable but not overabundant) numbers of thermal monopoles. We conclude that these scenarios could provide an explanation for the existence of superheavy magnetic monopoles in an inflationary universe.
Dual pH-Responsive Shell-Cleavable Polycarbonate Micellar Nanoparticles for in Vivo Anticancer Drug Delivery (2018)

To exploit tumor and intracellular microenvironments, pH-responsive diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) and catechol-functionalized polycarbonate with acid-labile acetal bond as the linker are synthesized to prepare micellar nanoparticles that shed the shell at acidic tumor tissues and inside cancer cells, hence accelerating drug release at the target. The pH-dependent cleavage of the shell is demonstrated at pH 5.0 and 6.5 using <sup>1</sup>H NMR. Bortezomib (BTZ, an anticancer drug containing a phenylboronic acid group) is conjugated to the polymers through formation of pH-responsive boronate ester bond between boronic acid and catechol in the polymers. Dual pH-responsive bortezomib-polymer conjugates (BTZ-PC) self-assemble into micellar nanoparticles of small size (<110 nm) with narrow size distribution and high drug loading capacity. Acidic pH accelerates BTZ release from BTZ-PC micelles and enhances intracelluar uptake of the micelles, hence increasing in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells. More importantly, the BTZ-PC micelles achieve a stronger antitumor effect in a human breast cancer BT-474 xenograft mouse model than free BTZ and mitigate in vivo hepatotoxicity of BTZ. These dual pH-responsive shell-cleavable nanoparticles are a potentially promising carrier for BTZ delivery.
Diversity of glycine receptors in the mouse retina: Localization of the α2 subunit (2004)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine are the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the retina, glycine being produced in approximately half of all amacrine cells. Whereas retinal cell types expressing the glycine receptor (GlyR) alpha1 and alpha3 subunits have been mapped, the role of the alpha2 subunit in retinal circuitry remains unclear. By using immunocytochemistry, we localized the alpha2 subunit in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) in brightly fluorescent puncta, which represent postsynaptically clustered GlyRs. This was shown by doubly labeling sections for GlyR alpha2 and bassoon (a presynaptic marker) or gephyrin (a postsynaptic marker). Synapses containing GlyR alpha2 were rarely found on ganglion cell dendrites but were observed on bipolar cell axon terminals and on amacrine cell processes. Recently, an amacrine cell type has been described that is immunopositive for glycine and for the vesicular glutamate transporter vGluT3. The processes of this cell type were presynaptic to GlyR alpha2 puncta, suggesting that vGluT3 amacrine cells release glycine. Double labeling of sections for GlyR alpha1 and GlyR alpha2 subunits showed that they are clustered at different synapses. In sections doubly labeled for GlyR alpha2 and GlyR alpha3, approximately one-third of the puncta were colocalized. The most abundant GlyR subtype in retina contains alpha3 subunits, followed by those containing GlyR alpha2 and GlyR alpha1 subunits.
What Makes Red Visual Pigments Red? A Resonance Raman Microprobe Study of Retinal Chromophore Structure in Iodopsin (1994)

We have obtained resonance Raman spectra of iodopsin, a red-sensitive (lambda max 571 nm) pigment from chicken cone cells, to investigate the molecular mechanism of the opsin shift in visual pigments. Detergent-solubilized iodopsin samples were examined with a Raman microprobe to obtain spectra from a 77-K photostationary steady-state mixture composed of 11-cis-iodopsin and its 9-cis-isoiodopsin and all-trans-bathoiodopsin photoproducts. The vibrational modes of these species have been assigned by comparison with spectra of the corresponding bovine pigments. The single bond stretching frequencies of the bovine, toad, and chicken pigments are found to exhibit a regular correlation as a function of the pigment absorption maxima that is consistent with the expected effects of increased electron delocalization. The C = NH stretching frequencies of iodopsin and bathoiodopsin are at 1644 and 1638 cm-1, respectively, and shift down to 1621 and 1617 cm-1, respectively, when the nitrogen is deuterated. The C = ND stretching frequencies of the various pigments are found to decrease linearly with increasing absorption maxima, suggesting that at least part of the opsin shift in visual pigments results from weakened electrostatic interaction between the retinal chromophore and its protein counterion. The Raman data are inconsistent with the idea that a charged protein residue is shifted along the chromophore to regulate the opsin shift. Taken together with the mutagenesis and model compound results, these resonance Raman data suggest that the opsin shift between the green and red cone visual pigment arises from two effects. First, Tyr-274 provides increased electrostatic stabilization of the Schiff base-counterion ion pair. Second, the opsin shift is enhanced by the dipolar residues Ser-177 and Thr-282 that interact with the chromophore near the ionone ring to preferentially stabilize the highly dipolar charge distribution of the electronically excited retinal chromophore [Mathies, R., & Stryer, L. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 2169-2173].
Correction: Prooxidative Potential of Photo-Irradiated Aqueous Extracts of Grape Pomace, a Recyclable Resource from Winemaking Process (2016)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158197.].