gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric analysis of semiconductor-doped glasses for all-optical switching (1996)

We use the basic physical parameters of semiconductor-doped glasses (SDG's) to compute the dependence of their nonlinear index n/sub 2/ due to the bandgap resonant effect on pump intensity and to predict the power and length requirements of an all-optical SDG waveguide switch. The main conclusions are that (1) the pump and signal wavelengths should be in specific and different ranges to minimize the switching power and signal loss, (2) for CdSSe- and CdTe-doped glasses, n/sub 2/ is relatively small, (3) their power requirements are consequently quite high (2-100 W), although (4) much lower than in a comparable device operated near the half-bandgap. We provide evidence that this weak nonlinearity, compared to that of semiconductors in bulk, is due to the strong nonradiative recombination of carriers arising from the small size of the semiconductor microcrystallites. Projections indicate a reduction in switching power by up to a factor of 1000 by increasing the microcrystallite size, thus producing a slower (ns) but more power efficient switch.
Risk prediction and interaction analysis using polygenic risk score of type 2 diabetes in a Korean population (2023)

Abstract Joint modelling of genetic and environmental risk factors can provide important information to predict the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, to predict the genetic risk of T2D, we constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) using genotype data of one Korean cohort, KARE (745 cases and 2549 controls), and the genome-wide association study summary statistics of Biobank Japan. We evaluated the performance of PRS in an independent Korean cohort, HEXA (5684 cases and 35703 controls). Individuals with T2D had a significantly higher mean PRS than controls (0.478 vs. -0.076, p ≈ 0). PRS predicted the risk of T2D with an AUC of 0.654 (95% CI: 0.646–0.662). We also evaluated interaction between PRS and waist circumference (WC) in the HEXA cohort. PRS exhibited a significant sub-multiplicative interaction with WC (OR interaction = 0.992, 95% CI: 0.989–0.996, p interaction =0.0001) in T2D. The effect of WC on T2D decreased as PRS increased. The sex-specific analyses produced similar interaction results, revealing a decreased WC effect on T2D as the PRS increased. In conclusion, the risk of WC for T2D may differ depending on PRS and those with a high PRS might develop T2D with a lower WC threshold. Our findings are expected to improve risk prediction for T2D and facilitate the identification of individuals at an increased risk of T2D.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Synthesis of the Fully Functionalized AB Ring System of 12‐Demethyltaxol via Successive Stereoselective Allylation and Intramolecular Aldol Reactions. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Avoiding Immunosuppression for Islet Transplantation: Use of Protective Biomaterials (2017)

Islet transplantation, with the advent of the Edmonton protocol in 2000, has offered a significant alternative for long-lasting treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, the immunosuppression required for transplantation has the cytotoxic effect on pancreatic islets, and thus limiting the long-term efficacy of the transplant. Immediate loss of islets after transplant was also observed because of immediate blood-mediated inflammatory response (IBMIR), which kills islets transplanted in the liver through portal vein. There is also commonly a lack of microvascular blood supply to the transplanted islets. In this chapter, we will review the variety of technologies used to protect transplanted islets against toxicity of immunosuppression, immune rejection, and inflammatory response. We will evaluate the mechanisms of these technologies and their progress in solving the challenges to islet transplantation. The technologies include encapsulation of transplanted islets in various polymers, transplants in sites other than the liver, and creation of new prevascularized transplant site. These technologies offer several mechanisms to prevent immune rejection or immediate contact with cytotoxic inflammatory response, in addition to maintaining islet integrity. New transplant sites are also being developed to support the islets, by allowing establishment of microvasculature and innervation, prior to addition of the islets.
3% External Quantum Efficiency From Surface Textured, Thin-film Light-emitting-diode Arrays (1993)

High efficiency light-emitting-diodes (LED’s) are desired for many applications such as displays, printers, short-haul communication, and opto-electronic computer interconnects. However, there is an enormous gap between the theoretical efficiency of LED’s and their actual efficiency. The internal quantum yield, v, of good quality double heterostructures can exceed 99%, as we have demonstrated recently? On the other hand run-of-the-mill commercial LED’s are usually only a few percent efficient. The reason for this long-standing shortfall is the difficulty for light to escape from high refractive index semiconductor. A mere 2% of the internally generated light is coupled into free space through the 16” escape cone, the rest suffering total internal reflection and risking re-absorption. The present commercial state-of-the-art, - 20% external efficiency in AlGaAs-based LED’s, is achieved by growing a thick transparent semiconductor superstrate, and total substrate removal in a particularly clean, low-loss, optical design which can add greatly to the cost.
An availability approach to thermal energy recovery in vehicles (2007)

Availability is a well-established and widely recognized way of describing the work-producing potential of energy systems. A first-law analysis is helpful in setting the energy context and ensuring that energy flows balance, but it is a second-law analysis based on availability that places an upper bound on the potential work output. In this analysis a new approach to thermal management intended for vehicle propulsion is examined and developed. Starting with a simple analysis of the chemical energy flow, a realistic heat exchange performance is introduced to establish a practical architecture. Within this framework, the availability analysis shows that effective thermal efficiencies of between 25 and 30 per cent are feasible. With a spark ignition engine operating at a high load condition, and the thermal recovery system at an operating pressure of 100 bar, the maximum efficiency possible with a steady flow work-producing device is 37 per cent (with fully reversible thermodynamic processes). In a water-based thermal recovery system, work could only reasonably be produced with heat transfer from a reservoir at the saturation temperature corresponding to the operating pressure. At 100 bar the maximum efficiency would be 33 per cent. In a different mode of operation, where heat is transferred incrementally to a thermal accumulator and work produced as required, the efficiency is 32 per cent at only 20 bar operating pressure. These efficiency values apply to work production to supplement a combustion engine at any operating condition. An analysis of a reciprocating expander as the work-producing device shows substantial flexibility in operation. Control of system operating pressure is shown to be of value in that periodic adjustments enhance the availability content of the thermal reservoir. The operating pressure of a fluid power system is related to the temperature of operation, and therefore the heat transfer processes. Choice of too high a pressure leads to reduced heat transfer, and ultimately a reduction in work output. There is an optimum condition that can be selected at design time and maintained during the running of the system.
Design and Self-Assembly of Cavity-Containing Rectangular Grids (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDesign and Self-Assembly of Cavity-Containing Rectangular GridsLeonard R. MacGillivray, Ryan H. Groeneman, and Jerry L. AtwoodView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of MissouriColumbia Columbia, Missouri 65211 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 11, 2676–2677Publication Date (Web):March 5, 1998Publication History Received15 October 1997Revised29 January 1998Published online5 March 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973584mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973584mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views977Altmetric-Citations229LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ions,Layers,Ligands,Molecules,Self organization Get e-Alerts
Spatially resolved and temperature dependent thermal tuning rates of high-power diode laser arrays (2006)

Thermal tuning properties of passively cooled 808nm emitting high-power diode laser bars are analyzed. Data from standard devices packaged on Cu heat sinks and identical devices mounted on expansion-matched Cu–W heat sinks are compared. For a standard device, we find up to one-fifth of the thermal tuning rate of −(0.56±0.04)meVK−1 to be caused by pressure tuning driven by the relaxation of compressive packaging-induced stress for increasing temperatures. For devices packaged on expansion-matched heat sinks the observed tuning rate of −(0.46±0.01)meVK−1 represents almost the genuine thermal tuning rate of the semiconductor device structure. Thus this technology potentially leads to improved device properties.
Bioactive peptides attenuate cardiac apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts through activation of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis pathway (2020)

Alcalase potato protein hydrolysate (APPH) might have a very important role in therapeutic effects. This study aims to examine the beneficial effects of bioactive peptides (DIKTNKPVIF [DI] and IF) from APPH supplement in the regulation of cardiac apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We have investigated ejection fraction, fractional shortening, Tunel assay, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis pathway marker expression to show the efficacy of bioactive peptides in an SHR model. Bioactive peptides significantly upregulate ejection fraction and fractional shortening in SHR rats. SHR rats exhibited higher protein expression of apoptotic markers such as BAD, cytochrome c, and caspase 3. Finally, the bioactive peptides upregulate survival proteins (p-AKT/p-PI3K), autophagy (Beclin1/LC3B), and mitochondrial biogenesis (p-AMPKα/SIRT1/PGC1α/p-Foxo3a/Nrf2/CREB) marker expressions compared with the SHR groups. In summary, the bioactive peptides protect the heart tissues through the activation of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis pathway and thereby attenuate cardiac apoptosis in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model.
Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS (2004)

The virologic test results of 415 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were examined. The peak detection rate for SARS-associated coronavirus occurred at week 2 after illness onset for respiratory specimens, at weeks 2 to 3 for stool or rectal swab specimens, and at week 4 for urine specimens. The latest stool sample that was positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was collected on day 75 while the patient was receiving intensive care. Tracheal aspirate and stool samples had a higher diagnostic yield (RT-PCR average positive rate for first 2 weeks: 66.7% and 56.5%, respectively). Pooled throat and nasal swabs, rectal swab, nasal swab, throat swab, and nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens provided a moderate yield (29.7%-40.0%), whereas throat washing and urine specimens showed a lower yield (17.3% and 4.5%). The collection procedures for stool and pooled nasal and throat swab specimens were the least likely to transmit infection, and the combination gave the highest yield for coronavirus detection by RT-PCR. Positive virologic test results in patient groups were associated with mechanical ventilation or death (p < 0.001), suggesting a correlation between viral load and disease severity.
Synergistic Network Learning and Label Correction for Noise-robust Image Classification (2022)

Large training datasets almost always contain examples with inaccurate or incorrect labels. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) tend to overfit training label noise, resulting in poorer model performance in practice. To address this problem, we propose a robust label correction framework combining the ideas of small loss selection and noise correction, which learns network parameters and reassigns ground truth labels iteratively. Taking the expertise of DNNs to learn meaningful patterns before fitting noise, our framework first trains two networks over the current dataset with small loss selection. Based on the classification loss and agreement loss of two networks, we can measure the confidence of training data. More and more confident samples are selected for label correction during the learning process. We demonstrate our method on both synthetic and real-world datasets with different noise types and rates, including CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and Clothing1M, where our method outperforms the baseline approaches.
Computer-Automated Multiparadigm Modeling in Control Systems Technology (2004)

The use of model-based technologies has made it imperative for the development of a feedback control system to deal with many different tasks such as: plant modeling in all its variety; model reduction to achieve a complexity or level of abstraction suitable for the design task at hand; synthesis of control laws that vary from discrete event reactive control to continuous model predictive control, their analyses, and testing; design of the implementation; modeling of the computational platform and its operating system; analysis of the implementation effects; software synthesis for different platforms to facilitate rapid prototyping, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, etc. Throughout these tasks, different formalisms are used that are very domain specific (e.g., tailored to electrical circuits, multibody systems, reactive control algorithms, communication protocols) and that often need to be coupled, integrated, and transformed (e.g., a block diagram control law in the continuous domain has to be discretized and then implemented in software). Significant improvements in many aspects (performance, cost, development time) of the development process can therefore be achieved by: 1) relating and integrating these different formalisms; 2) automatic derivation of different levels of modeling abstractions; and 3) rigorous and tailored design of the different formalisms by capturing the domain (or meta) knowledge. The emerging field of computer automated multiparadigm modeling (CAMPaM), presented in this paper in the context of control system design, aims to develop a domain-independent formal framework that leverages and unifies different activities in each of these three dimensions.
Green synthesis of MoS2 nanoflowers for efficient degradation of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes under natural sun light conditions (2018)

Hydrothermally synthesized MoS<sub>2</sub> NFs have been employed as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of MB and CV dyes under sunlight.
Secure and efficient LBIST for feedback shift register-based cryptographic systems (2014)

Cryptographic methods are used to protect confidential information against unauthorised modification or disclo-sure. Cryptographic algorithms providing high assurance exist, e.g. AES. However, many open problems related to assuring security of a hardware implementation of a cryptographic algorithm remain. Security of a hardware implementation can be compromised by a random fault or a deliberate attack. The traditional testing methods are good at detecting random faults, but they do not provide adequate protection against malicious alterations of a circuit known as hardware Trojans. For example, a recent attack on Intel's Ivy Bridge processor demonstrated that the traditional Logic Built-In Self-Test (LBIST) may fail even the simple case of stuck-at fault type of Trojans. In this paper, we present a novel LBIST method for Feedback Shift Register (FSR)-based cryptographic systems which can detect such Trojans. The specific properties of FSR-based cryptographic systems allow us to reach 100% single stuck-at fault coverage with a small set of deterministic tests. The test execution time of the proposed method is at least two orders of magnitude shorter than the one of the pseudo-random pattern-based LBIST. Our results enable an efficient protection of FSR-based cryptographic systems from random and malicious stuck-at faults.
Ruthenium Carbene Complexes Bearing an Anionic Carboxylate Chelated to a Hemilabile Ligand (2008)

A series of bidentate ruthenium-based NHC complexes with the general formula [(H(2)IMes)(kappa(2)-L-COO)ClRu=CHPh)], where L is either PAr(3), HNR(2), or ROR, were prepared from commercially available [(H(2)IMes)(PCy(3))Cl(2)Ru(CHPh)] (2) and the appropriate ligand. The catalytic activities of the complexes were evaluated in ring-closing metathesis reactions. The type of donor ligand has a major impact on both the initiation behavior and also the stability of the complexes. Upon addition of CuCl to the reaction mixture the initiation is improved for the phosphine or amine containing chelates. For the P,O-chelate, the fast initiation was followed by decomposition. In the case of the N,O-containing chelate, a stable catalytic system was achieved. Trapping experiments support that the nitrogen lone-pair reversibly coordinates CuCl during the reaction.
Phenolics Isolated from Aframomum meleguta Enhance Proliferation and Ossification Markers in Bone Cells (2017)

Osteoporosis is a serious health problem characterized by decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Current antiosteoporotic agents exhibit a wide range of adverse effects; meanwhile, phytochemicals are effective and safer alternatives. In the current work, nine compounds belonging to hydroxyphenylalkane and diarylheptanoid groups were isolated from <i>Aframomum meleguea</i> seeds and identified as 6-gingerol (<b>1</b>), 6-paradol (<b>2</b>), 8-dehydrogingerdione (<b>3</b>), 8-gingerol (<b>4</b>), dihydro-6-paradol (<b>5</b>), dihydrogingerenone A (<b>6</b>), dihydrogingerenone C (<b>7</b>), 1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diyl diacetate (<b>8</b>), and 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diyl diacetate (<b>9</b>). The structures of isolated compounds were established by NMR and mass spectral data, in addition to referring to literature data. Exposure of MCF-7, MG-63, and SAOS-2 cells to subcytotoxic concentrations of the compounds under investigation resulted in accelerated proliferation. Among them, paradol was selected for further detailed biochemical analysis in SAOS-2 cells. DNA flowcytometric analysis of cell cycle distribution revealed that paradol did not induce any significant change in the proliferation index of SAOS-2 cells. Assessment of osteogenic gene expression revealed that paradol enhanced the expression of osteocyte and osteoblast-related genes and inhibited osteoclast and RUNX suppressor genes. Biochemically, paradol enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and vitamin D content and decreased the osteoporotic marker acid phosphatase. In conclusion, paradol, which is a major constituents of <i>A. melegueta</i> seeds, exhibited potent proliferative and ossification characteristics in bone cells.
All-optical micromechanical chemical sensors (2007)

We describe experimental results from micromechanical resonators coated with chemoselective polymers that detect chemical vapors from volatile organic compounds or explosives using all-optical interrogation. The shift in the resonant frequency of a gold microbeam is read-out using photothermal actuation and microcavity interferometry. For detection of toluene vapor, response times of less than 5 seconds are achieved for vapor concentrations as low as 60 ppm. For detection of TNT vapor, concentrations as low as 10 ppb are detected in 100 seconds. An analysis of the measured frequency noise in these sensors shows that it is dominated by thermal-mechanical fluctuations at the fundamental flexural mode. Our measurements thus indicate that thermal-mechanical frequency noise is the primary intrinsic detection limit for typical resonant-frequency MEMS biosensors or chemical vapor sensors.
Satellite Broadband Capacity-on-Demand: Dynamic Beam Illumination with Selective Precoding (2021)

Efficient satellite resource utilization is one of the key challenges in next generation high-throughput satellite communication system. In this context, dynamic coverage scheduling based on traffic demand has emerged as a promising solution, focusing system capacity into geographical areas where it is needed. Conventional Beam Hopping (BH) satellite system exploit the time-domain flexibility, which provides all available spectrum to a selected set of beams as long as they are not adjacent to each other. However, large geographical areas involving more than one adjacent beam may require full access to the available spectrum during particular instances of time. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a dynamic beam illumination scheme combined with selective precoding, where only sub-sets of beams that are subject to strong inter-beam interference are precoded. With selective precoding, complexity at the ground-segment is reduced and only considered when needed. Supporting results based on numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the relevant benchmarks in terms of demand matching performance.
Legends for sup files from The Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic (PKPD) Relationships of AZD3229, a Novel and Selective Inhibitor of KIT, in a Range of Mouse Xenograft Models of GIST (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for supplementary figures and tables&lt;/p&gt;