gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-optical 160Gb/s half-addition half-subtraction and AND/OR function exploiting pump depletion and nonlinearities in a PPLN waveguide (2008)

We demonstrate simultaneous all-optical half-adder, half-subtracter and AND/OR-functions at 160 Gbit/s. The various functions are produced in a PPLN waveguide through pump depletion as well as sum and difference frequency generation.
Facile synthesis of petal-like VS2 anchored onto graphene nanosheets for the rapid sensing of toxic pesticide in polluted water (2021)

Fenitrothion (FT) is a toxic phosphorothioate insecticide that can easily contaminate aquatic environments, leading to a detrimental effect on the aquatic species and harmful endocrine disrupter effects on human health. Therefore, it is vital to develop a reliable methodology for the accurate and precise real-time sensing of carcinogenic FT in water samples at trace concentration to ensure environmental safety. We aim to fabricate the low-cost VS<sub>2</sub>-attached reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets via a simple hydrothermal approach. It was further applied for the rapid and accurate sensing of toxic FT. The VS<sub>2</sub>/RGO-composite delivers a more favorable microenvironment for the rapid electrocatalytic sensing performance towards toxic FT reduction than the VS<sub>2</sub> and RGO modified electrodes. The electron transfer rate constant (k<sub>s</sub>) and the saturating absorption capacity (Γ) value of FT was evaluated to be 1.52 s<sup>-1</sup> and 2.18 × 10<sup>-10</sup> mol cm<sup>-2</sup>, respectively. The constructed sensor exhibits a wide linear relationship after amperometry between the cathodic current densities and the concentrations of FT in the range of 5-90 nM and high sensitivity (5.569 μA nM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>); moreover, the detection limit was 0.07 nM (S/N = 3). The fabricated sensor has excellent anti-interference ability and reproducibility for the direct sensing of FT in river water, seawater, and lake water samples with acceptable recoveries. It is a promising sensing device for in-situ quantification of FT in agricultural products and ecological systems.
Hollow fiber: a biophotonic implant for live cells (2009)

The technical objective of this study has been to design, build and validate biocompatible hollow fiber implants based on fluorescence with integrated biophotonics components to enable in fiber kinetic cell based assays. A human osteosarcoma in vitro cell model fiber system has been established with validation studies to determine in fiber cell growth, cell cycle analysis and organization in normal and drug treated conditions. The rationale for implant development have focused on developing benchmark concepts in standard monolayer tissue culture followed by the development of in vitro hollow fiber designs; encompassing imaging with and without integrated biophotonics. Furthermore the effect of introducing targetable biosensors into the encapsulated tumor implant such as quantum dots for informing new detection readouts and possible implant designs have been evaluated. A preliminary micro/macro imaging approach has been undertaken, that could provide a mean to track distinct morphological changes in cells growing in a 3D matrix within the fiber which affect the light scattering properties of the implant. Parallel engineering studies have showed the influence of the optical properties of the fiber polymer wall in all imaging modes. Taken all together, we show the basic foundation and the opportunities for multi-modal imaging within an in vitro implant format.
Impact of Brillouin scattering on R-SOA based WDM PON power budget (2011)

Brillouin scattering effect in a colorless 25-km bidirectional WDM PON is experimentally evaluated. Downstream 10-Gb/s DPSK signal is directly received with a novel FBG, seeding an R-SOA at the ONU, for upstream 1.25-Gb/s OOK transmission.
Improved Synthesis of β-Mannopyranosides by Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery (1992)

The exclusive formation of the β-anomer derivatives of β-D-Manp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-OCH3 (9) and β-D-Manp-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAcp-O(CH2)7CH3 (12) is shown to proceed in high yield using intramolecular aglycon delivery. The authentic α-anomers of 9 and 12 were chemically synthesized as reference standards and confirmed not to be formed in the reaction. This supports the complete stereoselective nature of this glycosylation reaction.
Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in CYP1B1-Associated Primary Congenital Glaucoma Patients Representing Two Large Cohorts from India and Brazil (2015)

The present study demonstrated a lack of genotype-phenotype correlation of the demographic and clinical traits to CYP1B1 mutations in PCG at presentation. However, the susceptibility of these mutations to the long-term progression of these traits are yet to be deciphered.
1H MRS in acute traumatic brain injury (1998)

The objective of this study was to demonstrate 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) changes in cerebral metabolites after acute head trauma. Twenty-five patients (12 children, 13 adults) were examined with quantitative 1H MRS after closed head injury. Clinical grade (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS]) and outcome (Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center Outcome Score [ROS]) were correlated with quantitative neurochemical findings. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a neuronal and axonal marker, was reduced (P < .03-.001). In children, a reduced NAA/creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr) level and the presence of detectable lipid/lactate predicted bad outcome (sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 89%). The first MRS examination of all patients correlated with ROS versus NAA (r = .65, P < .0001). Although most patients showed MRS abnormalities, striking heterogeneity of 1H MRS characterized the individual patients. 1H MRS identifies multiple patterns of diffuse brain injury after blunt head trauma. There was a strong correlation between MRS and outcome. Future prospective studies will be needed to determine the clinical usefulness of MRS in predicting outcome from closed head injury.
Peroxireduxin-4 is Over-Expressed in Colon Cancer and its Down-Regulation Leads to Apoptosis (2011)

The objective of this study was to gain insight into the biological basis of colon cancer progression by characterizing gene expression differences between normal colon epithelium, corresponding colorectal primary tumors and metastases. We found a close similarity in gene expression patterns between primary tumors and metastases, indicating a correlation between gene expression and morphological characteristics. PRDX4 was identified as highly expressed both in primary colon tumors and metastases, and selected for further characterization. Our study revealed that “Prdx4” (PrxIV, AOE372) shows functional similarities to other Prx family members by negatively affecting apoptosis induction in tumor cells. In addition, our study links Prdx4 with Hif-1α, a key regulatory factor of angiogenesis. Targeting Prdx4 may be an attractive approach in cancer therapy, as its inhibition is expected to lead to induction of apoptosis and blockage of Hif-1α-mediated tumor angiogenesis.
Communication: Resolving the vibrational and configurational contributions to thermal expansion in isobaric glass-forming systems (2010)

A fundamental understanding of isobaric thermal expansion behavior is critical in all areas of glass science and technology. Current models of glass transition and relaxation behavior implicitly assume that the thermal expansion coefficient of glass-forming systems can be expressed as a sum of vibrational and configurational contributions. However, this assumption is made without rigorous theoretical or experimental justification. Here we present a detailed statistical mechanical analysis resolving the vibrational and configurational contributions to isobaric thermal expansion and show experimental proof of the separability of thermal expansion into vibrational and configurational components for Corning Jade glass.
Tracking tremor frequency in spike trains using the extended Kalman smoother (2006)

Tremor is one of the most disabling symptoms in patients with many movement disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). Neural tremor manifests itself as a quasi-periodic fluctuation of the firing rate. We describe a frequency tracking method based on the extended Kalman smoother (EKS) to estimate the instantaneous tremor frequency (ITF) exhibited in binary spike trains detected from neural recordings. Simulation results demonstrate that the EKS frequency tracker can estimate the ITF accurately, even though the signal of interest is not sinusoidal and the noise is not Gaussian. The EKS frequency tracker can obtain a normalized mean squared error (NMSE) as low as 0.1 and performs much better than the conventional approach based on the Hilbert transform.
Protoplast Preparation and Fusion in Two Biocontrol Strains ofTrichoderma Harzianum (1988)

High yields (approx. 108/ml) of protoplasts of high purity (>99%) can be obtained from young thalli of strains T12 and T95 of Trichoderma harzianum by digestion of cell walls with NovoZym 234. Protoplasts derived from mycelium or immature conidia contained 2–12 nuclei. After resuspension in 0.6 M sorbitol, 10 mM CaCl2, and 10 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.5 (STC) about 10% of the protoplasts regenerated on osmotically stabilized medium. Protoplasts fused by a step-wise addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) also regenerated readily. Fusion between lysine-requiring and histidine-requiring auxotrophs of strain T95 gave rise to about 10% as many colonies on basal medium (BM) as on BM amended with histidine and lysine (BM + HL). Conidia from these prototrophic colonies were nearly all auxotrophic. Approximately equal numbers required histidine or lysine. These results indicate that the prototrophic progeny of this fusion were balanced heterokaryons with the parental nuclei present in equal numbers. Conversely, fusion between T12 his and T 95 lys gave rise to unbalanced heterokaryons with T12 predominating. The frequency of prototroph formation was less than 0.01% and the original isolates grew very slowly. These expressed only the isozyme phenotype of the T12 parent at four loci but the T95 genome was detected in sectors and single-spore isolates. Subsequently, various non-parental progeny were recovered. Some were of the T95 isozyme phenotype, while others were of the T12 phenotype. None showed isozyme patterns indicative of expression of both genomes. Growth rates ranged from greater than that of either wild type parent on any medium to very slow growth rates even on permissive media. Morphologies ranged from wrinkled, brown, nearly asporulent types recognizable as Trichoderma only by isozyme phenotype to ones similar to the wild-type parental strains. Many nonparental strains remained unchanged when propagated from single conidia, indicating that these nonparentals were homokaryotic. Others yielded a variety of parental and nonparental single-spore isolates, indicating complex heterokaryosis.
Synthesis of MRI Contrast Agents. Part 1. Acyclic Ligands (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Modified Intervastus Approach to the Knee (2017)

The modified intervastus approach to the anterior knee is an approach that may be used in the majority of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. This article presents the first description of this approach. The advantages of this approach include its extensile nature, similar to a medial parapatellar approach, and preservation of the extensor mechanism and the vastus medialis, leading to a more rapid return to active knee extension than is traditionally observed. The approach is also simple to perform, easy to close, and is compatible with more extensile approaches such as a quadriceps snip if required in revision scenarios.
Organic/inorganic hybrid passivation layers for organic thin-film transistors (2008)

We report on the fabrication of OTFTs with organic/inorganic passivation layers to enhance the long-term stability of devices. In order to obtain a flat surface on which an inorganic thin film could be deposited, an organic smoothing layer was employed. The planarization of the rough pentacene surface would induce a very smooth and dense surface for the inorganic layer as well. When the SnO2/PVA film was introduced as a component of the encapsulation, greatly enhanced barrier properties were observed. Our work demonstrated that organic/inorganic hybrid passivation layers are a promising technique for a long-term protection of OTFTs.
RFCMOS technology from 0.25μm to 65nm: the state of the art (2004)

The effort to design RF circuits in CMOS is motivated by low cost and significant capacity for on-chip integration. We discuss some of the challenges of implementing RF designs in CMOS, focusing on those introduced by the changing properties of FETs as technology nodes scale and devices shrink. We present methods and tools, using which, designers can ease these challenges and reduce the risk of implementing RF circuits in CMOS.
Chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead ribozymes have enhancedin vitrocatalytic efficiency and increased stabilityin vivo (1992)

Subsequent to the discovery that RNA can have site specific cleavage activity, there has been a great deal of interest in the design and testing of trans-acting catalytic RNAs as both surrogate genetic tools and as therapeutic agents. We have been developing catalytic RNAs or ribozymes with target specificity for HIV-1 RNA and have been exploring chemical synthesis as one method for their production. To this end, we have chemically synthesized and experimentally analyzed chimeric catalysts consisting of DNA in the non-enzymatic portions, and RNA in the enzymatic core of hammerhead type ribozymes. Substitutions of DNA for RNA in the various stems of a hammerhead ribozyme have been analyzed in vitro for kinetic efficiency. One of the chimeric ribozymes used in this study, which harbors 24 bases of DNA capable of base-pairing interactions with an HIV-1 gag target, but maintains RNA in the catalytic center and in stem-loop II, has a sixfold greater kcat value than the all RNA counterpart. This increased activity appears to be the direct result of enhanced product dissociation. Interestingly, a chimeric ribozyme in which stem-loop II (which divides the catalytic core) is comprised of DNA, exhibited a marked reduction in cleavage activity, suggesting that DNA in this region of the ribozyme can impart a negative effect on the catalytic function of the ribozyme. DNA-RNA chimeric ribozymes transfected by cationic liposomes into human T-lymphocytes are more stable than their all-RNA counterparts. Enhanced catalytic turnover and stability in the absence of a significant effect on Km make chimeric ribozymes favorable candidates for therapeutic agents.
Studying platelet-HIV interactions and potential to promote viral spread (2020)

Abstract HIV-infected individuals experience persistent inflammation, which is associated with increased platelet activation. There is growing evidence that platelets contribute to immune responses, through the release of inflammatory granules and complex formation with other cells including monocytes and CD4+ T-cells, both of which are susceptible to infection. Previous studies have found evidence that HIV is engulfed by platelets. However, such studies were primarily conducted in vitro. It is important to study consequences of HIV-platelet interactions, and to ascertain whether or not they occur in patients. We confirmed previous in vitro findings through co-culturing platelets from healthy donors, with HIV virions, and using electron microscopy identified virus-like particles inside platelets. Utilizing RNAscope in tandem with RT-PCR we created a timeline of virus-platelet associations and found viral genomic RNA remained associated with platelets for a prolonged period of time. Importantly, platelet-associated virus remained infectious, as platelets were able to spread infection to activated CD4+ T-cells in coculture experiments. Furthermore, we established a system to screen for HIV-positive platelets. We isolated platelets from cART-naïve viremic patients and performed super resolution microscopy and imagestream flow cytometry. This analysis revealed evidence of HIV-positive platelets in these infected individuals. In contrast, the amount of HIV-positive platelets was drastically, although not entirely, reduced following 3 months of cART treatment. Our findings suggest that platelet-virus interactions may be important in contributing to viral spread, and the development and maintenance of viral reservoirs.
Supplementary Materials from CCT241533 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of CHK2 that Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of PARP Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Materials from CCT241533 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of CHK2 that Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of PARP Inhibitors
Melt Polymerization of Acrylamide Initiated by Nucleophiles: A Route toward Highly Branched and Amorphous Polyamide 3 (2021)

The melt polymerization of acrylamide initiated by nucleophiles allows for the preparation of polyamide 3 (PA 3) with a branching factor of about 1.5. The high share of branching units imparts a fully amorphous morphology featuring a low glass-transition temperature of 67 °C and renders the polymer water-soluble (430 ± 20 g/L at 25 °C). The disclosed method provides an easy, resource-efficient, and green access to a polymer interesting for applications in biological and biomedical systems. The obtained PA 3 was characterized by several NMR techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, thermal analyses, and powder-X-ray diffractometry. Preparation and characterization of a 15N-marked polymer complemented the elucidation of the polymer structure. Mechanistically, the polymerization can be considered as an aza-Michael polymerization of acrylamide involving zwitterionic species as the key intermediates being responsible for the high degree of branching that can be controlled by the temperature at which the polymerization is carried out. The highest branching is obtained at 83 °C and decreases upon increasing the temperature.
Investigation of Ta2O5-Based Hybrid OXRAM-CBRAM Including a Ti Layer to Generate Oxygen Vacancies. (2015)

International audience
Microarray and allergenic activity assessment of milk allergens (2010)

Component-resolved testing using milk allergen microarrays and RBL assays seems to provide useful additional diagnostic information and may represent a basis for future forms of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for cow's milk allergy.
Cross-Layer Technique in a Cellular MIMO-OFDM System (2009)

This paper presents a cross-layer concept with respect to a joint design of beamforming and scheduling in a cellular MIMO-OFDM-based network. Conventionally, the beamforming and scheduling processes are designed more or less independently of each other. In contrast, this paper describes a combined approach of the scheduling and beamforming procedure, with the aim to maximize the capacity and fulfill the QoS requirements for all users within the network. For the example of delay constraints, it is shown how a joint system design is beneficial to serve users with "urgent" data packets. This is accomplished by giving the scheduling unit a control over the beams to be applied, thus favorable radio channel conditions can be temporarily generated for specific users such that the associated packets are delivered in time.
Cost analysis and barriers to implementing and sustaining an international surgical resident rotation: a retrospective review (2020)

BackgroundThe overwhelming need and interest in global surgery has led to increasing numbers of international surgery resident rotations. Despite the validity of global surgical education, financial and logistical barriers remain when implementing these international rotations. The Mount Sinai Department of Surgery, New York, USA, established an international resident rotation in 2005. Here, we describe some of the costs and barriers to establishing and maintaining a global surgery rotation with the aim of providing a guideline for academic institutions interested in building an international rotation.MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of the international rotation with the Hospital Jose Maria Cabral y Báez (Cabral) in Santiago, Dominican Republic. The exchange programme is an opportunity for two resident doctors from Dominican Republic to join Mount Sinai third year residents in a 1-month surgical rotation. We reviewed data collected from budgets, financial investments, resident and programme director experiences, and formal agreements between the two institutions.FindingsWith the Mount Sinai funding, there have been three residents from the Dominican Republic who have completed an exchange rotation at the Mount Sinai Hospital. An optimum international site requires a balanced alliance between the US academic institution and the international site. The Cabral and Mount Sinai collaborative partnership allows residents from both institutions to benefit from the exchange of experiences and surgical practices. Site selection is contingent on: hospital infrastructure (eg, operative variety and volume, faculty oversight); suitable living accommodations that allow personal safety, access to food, running water, electricity, and an internet connection; and overcoming language barriers. Successful implementation requires a time commitment from staff at both institutions. The monthly operational cost of this programme is US$3530, with 37% for visiting resident accommodation, 30% for transport, 20% for visiting resident expenses, and 13% for health and communication expenses. The time required by the US programme director includes an annual trip to the international rotation site and approximately 100 h per year, which includes monthly orientations and debriefings, and research. Finally, this programme requires adherence to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Residency Review Committee guidelines.InterpretationGlobal academic surgery combines surgery with education, clinical service, research, and advocacy in resource-limited settings. Mitigation of logistical barriers and addressing financial costs allows for successful global academic surgery programmes.FundingNone
New Regulations on Medical Devices in Europe: Are They an Opportunity for Growth? (2020)

Increasing demand for modern treatments and significant profit margins are strong incentives for investors and producers. However, the production and use of medical devices is subject to a number of laws, regulations, strict standards, and certification processes. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze patent activity based on the example of the selected country (Czech Republic), compare it with selected foreign countries, and discuss the development of this industry in the context of new medical device regulation (MDR) implementation. The paper is based on the theoretical concept of the relationship between regulation and innovation. The main challenge in the implementation of the new medical device regulations lies in the area of innovation. This is because most innovative research in the medical device sector is undertaken by small to medium enterprises (SMEs) rather than by large companies. SMEs are more vulnerable than big companies when it comes to development because the accompanying administrative costs can be so high that it may force the company to leave the market. Given that the main reason for the existence of economic regulations are various forms of market failure, which occurs when market mechanisms do not lead to results that benefit society, any attempts to redress this situation should naturally lead to greater benefits for society and hence benefits for the given industry as well.