gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization of the gonococcal polyphosphate pseudo-capsule (2023)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an exclusively human pathogen able to evade the host immune system through multiple mechanisms. Gonococci accumulate a large portion of phosphate moieties as polyphosphate (polyP) on the exterior of the cell. Although its polyanionic nature has suggested that it may form a protective shield on the cell surface, its role remains controversial. Taking advantage of a recombinant His-tagged polyP-binding protein, the presence of a polyP pseudo-capsule in gonococcus was demonstrated. Interestingly, the polyP pseudo-capsule was found to be present in specific strains only. To investigate its putative role in host immune evasion mechanisms, such as resistance to serum bactericidal activity, antimicrobial peptides and phagocytosis, the enzymes involved in polyP metabolism were genetically deleted, generating mutants with altered polyP external content. The mutants with lower polyP content on their surface compared to the wild-type strains, became sensitive to complement-mediated killing in presence of normal human serum. Conversely, naturally serum sensitive strains that did not display a significant polyP pseudo-capsule became resistant to complement in the presence of exogenous polyP. The presence of polyP pseudo-capsule was also critical in the protection from antibacterial activity of cationic antimicrobial peptide, such as cathelicidin LL-37. Results showed that the minimum bactericidal concentration was lower in strains lacking polyP than in those harboring the pseudo-capsule. Data referring to phagocytic killing resistance, assessed by using neutrophil-like cells, showed a significant decrease in viability of mutants lacking polyP on their cell surface in comparison to the wild-type strain. The addition of exogenous polyP overturned the killing phenotype of sensitive strains suggesting that gonococcus could exploit environmental polyP to survive to complement-mediated, cathelicidin and intracellular killing. Taken together, data presented here indicate an essential role of the polyP pseudo-capsule in the gonococcal pathogenesis, opening new perspective on gonococcal biology and more effective treatments.
New approaches to the synthesis of macroporous metals (2005)

Porous metals are useful as catalysts, biosensors, and as porous electrodes. We review here three new chemical methods for the preparation of macroporous gold. The article focuses on our new approach, which uses emulsion-templated polymers as scaffolds for the production of macroporous metals or other materials from nanoparticulate building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Deprotection of Alkyl vs. Aryl Silyl Ethers. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Social Wormholes: Exploring Preferences and Opportunities for Distributed and Physically-Grounded Social Connections (2023)

Ubiquitous computing encapsulates the idea for technology to be interwoven into the fabric of everyday life. As computing blends into everyday physical artifacts, powerful opportunities open up for social connection. Prior connected media objects span a broad spectrum of design combinations. Such diversity suggests that people have varying needs and preferences for staying connected to one another. However, since these designs have largely been studied in isolation, we do not have a holistic understanding around how people would configure and behave within a ubiquitous social ecosystem of physically-grounded artifacts. In this paper, we create a technology probe called Social Wormholes, that lets people configure their own home ecosystem of connected artifacts. Through a field study with 24 participants, we report on patterns of behaviors that emerged naturally in the context of their daily lives and shine a light on how ubiquitous computing could be leveraged for social computing.
QoS-Aware Proportional Fair Packet Scheduling with Required Activity Detection (2006)

In this paper, a QoS-aware packet scheduler based on the proportional fair principle is proposed and studied. The new scheduler includes robust estimation of required scheduling activity for a user to meet the QoS requirements and takes into account the cell load and individual user conditions. A framework for distributing capacity between best-effort and QoS users is embedded in the scheduling algorithm. For a given QoS target and a WCDMA/HSDPA system, the scheduler provides around 40% user capacity gain compared to the well-known QoS-aware proportional fair scheduler based on barrier function scaling. While being better at guaranteeing QoS compared to the reference scheduler, it simultaneously provides orders of magnitude larger gain in what throughput is delivered to best- effort users in a mixed-service scenario. A main advantage of the scheduler is its simplicity and inherent robustness which makes it easy to configure in a multi-user/service environment.
Scattering of a cw plane wave by a pulse (1982)

An examination of the scattering of sound by sound indicates that the boundary of the interaction region is very important in determining not only the level of the scattered sound but also the frequency of the scattered sound. In the case of a pulse propagating through a cw plane wave (where the boundary of the interaction region is propagating at the sound speed) the frequency of the farfield scattered sound at a fixed angle is the cw frequency, Doppler shifted i.e., fs(ϑ, φ) = fl(1−cos ϑ)/(1−cos φ), where fl is the frequency of the plane wave, ϑ is the angle between the cw wave vector and the pulse wave vector, and φ is the observation angle with respect to the pulse wave vector in the interaction plane. The scattered signal has a strong maximum at the Doppler angle φd, where the frequency of the scattered signal is equal to the sum frequency. The scattered signal at φd observed at a finite distance from the interaction region thus appears as a pulse whose frequency sweeps from a value somewhat above the sum frequency to a value somewhat below the sum frequency. Previous detection of sum frequency in a cw crossed-beam experiment has been attributed to nonlinear processes other than scattering from the interaction region. Positive results from this type of experiment would unambiguously demonstrate the existence of scattered sound by the angular dependence of the scattered signal.
Dietary Antioxidants in Coffee Leaves: Impact of Botanical Origin and Maturity on Chlorogenic Acids and Xanthones (2019)

Natural polyphenols are important dietary antioxidants that significantly benefit human health. Coffee and tea have been shown to largely contribute to the dietary intake of these antioxidants in several populations. More recently, the use of coffee leaves to produce tea has become a potential commercial target, therefore prompting studies on the quantification of polyphenols in coffee leaves. In this study a variety of coffee leaf species, at different development stages, were analyzed using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography. The results demonstrate that both the botanical origin of the samples and their maturity influence significantly the concentration of the antioxidants; for total chlorogenic acids a two-fold difference was found between different species and up to a three-fold variation was observed between young and mature leaves. Furthermore, the range of concentrations of chlorogenic acids in young leaves (35.7-80.8 mg/g of dry matter) were found to be comparable to the one reported for green coffee beans. The results provide important data from which potential new commercial products can be developed.
Origin and quantification of differences between normal and tumor tissues observed by terahertz spectroscopy (2016)

The origin of the differences in the refractive index observed between normal and tumor tissues using terahertz spectroscopy has been described quantitatively. To estimate water content differences in tissues, we prepared fresh and paraffin-embedded samples from rats. An approximately 5% increase of water content in tumor tissues was calculated from terahertz time domain spectroscopy measurements compared to normal tissues. A greater than 15% increase in percentage of cell nuclei per unit area in tumor tissues was observed by hematoxylin and eosin stained samples, which generates a higher refractive index of biological components other than water. Both high water content and high cell density resulted in higher refractive index by approximately 0.05 in tumor tissues. It is predicted that terahertz spectroscopy can also be used to detect brain tumors in human tissue due to the same underlying mechanism as in rats.
EM Side Channels in Hardware Security: Attacks and Defenses (2021)

Side channels are present in all systems, including digital ones. This article analyzes electromagnetic side channels from both the attack and defense perspectives.
Ciprofloxacin-Protected Gold Nanoparticles (2004)

The antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin (cfH) has been used to protect gold nanoparticles of two different mean diameters, 4 and 20 nm. The protection is complete with about 65 and 585 cfH molecules covering 4 and 15 nm particles, respectively. The nature of binding has been investigated by several analytical techniques. The nitrogen atom of the NH moiety of piperazine group binds on the gold surface, as revealed by voltammetric and spectroscopic studies. The cfH-adsorbed particles are stable in the dry state as well as at room temperature, and as a result, redispersion is possible. The rate of release of the drug molecule from the nanoparticles is more in the basic medium than in pure water, and the kinetics depend on the size of the particle; faster desorption is seen in smaller particles. The bound cfH is fluorescent, and this property could be used in biological investigations. This study shows that metal nanoparticles could be useful carriers for cfH and fluoroquinolone molecules. Most of the bound molecules could be released over an extended period of time.
MRI Guided Brain Stimulation without the Use of a Neuronavigation System (2015)

A key issue in the field of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is the accurate localization of scalp positions that correspond to targeted cortical areas. The current gold standard is to combine structural and functional brain imaging with a commercially available "neuronavigation" system. However, neuronavigation systems are not commonplace outside of specialized research environments. Here we describe a technique that allows for the use of participant-specific functional and structural MRI data to guide NIBS without a neuronavigation system. Surface mesh representations of the head were generated using Brain Voyager and vectors linking key anatomical landmarks were drawn on the mesh. Our technique was then used to calculate the precise distances on the scalp corresponding to these vectors. These calculations were verified using actual measurements of the head and the technique was used to identify a scalp position corresponding to a brain area localized using functional MRI.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Mediated Fluorination of Arylboronic Acids. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Flexible fast-convolution processing for cellular radio evolution (2022)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has been selected as a baseline waveform for long-term evolution (LTE) and fifth-generation new radio (5G NR). Fast-convolution (FC)-based frequency-domain signal processing has been considered recently as an effective tool for spectrum enhancement of OFDM-based waveforms. FC-based filtering approximates linear convolution by effective fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based circular convolutions using partly overlapping processing blocks. In earlier work, we have shown that FC-based filtering is a very flexible and efficient tool for filtered-OFDM signal generation and receiver side subband filtering. In this paper, we present a symbol-synchronous FC-processing scheme flexibly allowing filter re-configuration time resolution equal to one OFDM symbol while supporting tight carrier-wise filtering for 5G NR in mixed-numerology scenarios with adjustable subcarrier spacings, center frequencies, and subband bandwidths as well as providing co-exitence with LTE. The proposed scheme is demonstrated to support envisioned use cases of 5G NR and provide flexible starting point for sixth generation development.
Furfural: Hemicellulose/xylosederived biochemical (2008)

Abstract Hemicellulose, the second, most common polysaccharide in nature constitutes approximately 20—35% of lignocellulosic biomass. Effective utilization of biomass, hitherto underutilized, is gaining tremendous importance for the production of energy, fuels, and chemicals. Amongst the vast array of chemicals derived from lignocellulosics, furfural is the key chemical that finds wide applications in oil refining, plastics, pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. There is no synthetic route for the production of furfural. A few conventional technologies currently in practice for its separation and subsequent isolation are appropriately reviewed. Major disadvantages associated with processes currently used for the production of furfural based on acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis have been discussed. A need to develop a process which is devoid of all the shortcomings associated with conventional process is emphasized. Several important aspects of chemistry underlying the acid hydrolysis of xylose are discussed. The importance of myriad pre‐treatment steps involved to surmount the physical and chemical barriers and to liberate xylose from the confines of acid‐resistant layer of lignin has been emphasized. New developments in the production of furfural from cyclodehydration of xylose using solid acid catalysts in the recent past have been reviewed appropriately in present communication. Finally, the production of furfural and furfuryl alcohol, their domestic market and export in China deserve some coverage and therefore have appropriately been discussed as well. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd
A Non-Genetic Basis for Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Self-Organizing Attractors in Cell Regulatory Networks (2007)

It is commonly assumed that somatic evolution drives the multi-step process that produces metastatic cancer. But it is difficult to reconcile the inexorable progression towards metastasis in virtually all carcinomas and the associated complex change of cancer cell phenotype, characterized by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, with the random nature of gene mutations. Given their irreversible nature, it is also difficult to explain why certain metastatic carcinomas can reform normal tissue boundaries and remain dormant for years at distant sites. Here we propose an encompassing conceptual framework based on system-level dynamics of gene regulatory networks that may help reconcile these inconsistencies. The concepts of gene expression state space and attractors are introduced which provide a mathematical and molecular basis for an "epigenetic landscape". We then describe how cancer cells are trapped in "embryonic attractors" because of distortions of this landscape caused by mutational rewiring of the regulatory network. The implications of this concept for a new integrative understanding of tumor formation and metastatic progression are discussed. This formal framework of cancer progression unites mainstream genetic determinism with alternative ideas that emphasize non-genetic influences, including chronic growth stimulation,extracellular matrix remodeling, alteration of cell mechanics and disruption of tissue architecture.
Front Matter: Volume 9776 (2016)

A unique citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of publication. Utilization of CIDs allows articles to
Organotemplate‐Free Synthesis of a High‐Silica Zeolite with a TON Structure in the Absence of Zeolite Seeds (2016)

Abstract A high‐silica zeolite with a TON structure designated as ZJM‐4 was successfully synthesized in the absence of any organic templates and zeolite seeds. Many factors such as the SiO 2 /K 2 O ratio, Si/Al ratio, SiO 2 /H 2 O in the starting aluminosilicate gels, crystallization temperature, and crystallization time strongly influence the formation of the ZJM‐4 zeolite. Interestingly, this synthesis shows very efficient silica utilization in the starting gels (&gt;80 %). Catalytic tests on the isomerization of m ‐xylene to p ‐xylene show that the ZJM‐4 catalyst has high selectivity to p ‐xylene (ca. 80 %), which could be potentially important for industrial applications for the ZJM‐4 zeolite as a candidate catalyst in the future.
Application of Sapphire-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Multi-Point Temperature Sensor in Boilers at a Commercial Power Plant (2019)

Readily available temperature sensing in boilers is necessary to improve efficiencies, minimize downtime, and reduce toxic emissions for a power plant. The current techniques are typically deployed as a single-point measurement and are primarily used for detection and prevention of catastrophic events due to the harsh environment. In this work, a multi-point temperature sensor based on wavelength-multiplexed sapphire fiber Bragg gratings (SFBGs) were fabricated via the point-by-point method with a femtosecond laser. The sensor was packaged and calibrated in the lab, including thermally equilibrating at 1200 °C, followed by a 110-h, 1000 °C stability test. After laboratory testing, the sensor system was deployed in both a commercial coal-fired and a gas-fired boiler for 42 days and 48 days, respectively. The performance of the sensor was consistent during the entire test duration, over the course of which it measured temperatures up to 950 °C (with some excursions over 1000 °C), showing the survivability of the sensor in a field environment. The sensor has a demonstrated measurement range from room temperature to 1200 °C, but the maximum temperature limit is expected to be up to 1900 °C, based on previous work with other sapphire based temperature sensors.
P‐69: Miniaturized Projection Systems with OLED Microdisplays — Approaches for Industrial Measurements (2005)

Abstract A new projection concept for industrial measurement systems will be presented. Up to now these systems were based on reflective and/or transmissive microdisplays like digital micromirror devices (DMDs), nematic liquid crystals displays (LCDs) or liquid crystal on silicon displays (LCOS). But the size of the light source and of the illumination optic is a strong limitation for the miniaturization of the sensor system itself or for the integration in industrial production lines/machines. Here we propose to use a high‐brightness OLED‐display (organic light‐emitting diode) as active element for fringe pattern generation, giving the possibility to realize compact projection units. First approaches are demonstrated.
Thymalin as an immunomodulation option in severe COVID-19 (2021)

<bold>Introduction:</bold> Most COVID-19 cases demonstrated severe lymphocytopenia, especially in severe cases, which might lead to ineffective antiviral immunity. <bold>Aims and objectives:</bold> The purpose of the study was to identify the role of T-cells supression in severe COVID-19 and the opportunities of its correction. <bold>Methods:</bold> 80 patients with severe COVID-19 were prospectively enrollled in study in period from April to October 2020 in Chita Clinical Hospital. Enrollement criteria: positive test for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR; typical pattern of COVID-19 on CT-scans. The enrolled patients were randomly separated into 2 groups: I group, which received thymalin 10 mg/2ml 0.9% NaCl daily intramuscularly for 10 days + standard-of-care (SoC) treatment, and the control group (II group), which received placebo twice daily for 10 days with SoC treatment. <bold>Results:</bold> It was found the patients in I and II groups were initially comparable in age, severity of the disease and need in respiratory support (NiV/IMV). On the day 10th after randomisation the level of CD4+ cells was higher in group I on 10th day: 333±80 VS 193±135 (p=0.011). <table-wrap><object-id>erj;58/suppl_65/PA3667/table1</object-id><object-id>T1</object-id><table><colgroup><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>Characteristics</td><td>I group (Thymaline), n=36</td><td>II group (standard treatment), n=44</td><td>p-level</td></tr><tr><td>Age (years)</td><td>61,97±9,76</td><td>61,95±13,43</td><td>0.9</td></tr><tr><td>ICU patients;n(%)</td><td>28 (77.7%)</td><td>34 (77.2%)</td><td>0.96</td></tr><tr><td>NiV/IMV; n (%)</td><td>20 (55.5%)</td><td>25 (56.8%)</td><td>0.91</td></tr><tr><td>Lymphocytes (cells)</td><td>0.57 [0.472-0.737]</td><td>0.89 [0.585-1.1]</td><td>0.005</td></tr><tr><td>Total T-Iymphocytes<break></break>(cells/μL)</td><td>287 ± 122</td><td>498 ± 278</td><td>0.005</td></tr><tr><td>CD4+ (cells/μL)</td><td>149 ± 66.5</td><td>273 ± 151</td><td>0.003</td></tr><tr><td>In hospital mortality; n (%)</td><td>7 (19,4%)</td><td>18 (40,9%)</td><td>0.04</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap> <bold>Conclusion:</bold> The lower level of CD4-lymphocytes on 10th day of admission was associated with worse outcome in severe COVID-19. The use of thymaline can probably improve T-cells level and the clinical outcomes.
The Alignment Effect of Nematic Liquid Crystal on NDLC Thin Films Surface (2005)

ABSTRACT We studied the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) aligning capabilities using the new alignment material of Nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon (NDLC) thin film. The NDLC thin film exhibits high electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity that are similar to the properties shown by diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films. The diamond-like properties and nondiamond-like bonding make NDLC an attractive candidate for applications. A high pretilt angle of about 9.9° by ion beam (IB) exposure on the NDLC thin film surface was measured. A good LC alignment is achieved by the IB alignment method on the NDLC thin film surface at annealing temperature of 200°C. The alignment defect of the NLC was observed above annealing temperature of 250°C. Consequently, the high pretilt angle and the good LC alignment by the IB alignment method on the NDLC thin film surface can be achieved.
Les Lipoprotéines HDL atténuent l'activité neutralisante des anticoprs de patients infectés par le virus de l'hépatite C en facilitant l'entrée virale. (2006)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Controlled Release of Volatile Fragrance Molecules from PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO Block Copolymer Micelles in Ethanol−Water Mixtures (2010)

Active materials that can solubilize in different compartments of a sample show release properties which might be of interest in some applications where a delayed release of solutes for instance is required. We studied perfume solutes in compartments of Pluronic block copolymers of different compositions and molecular weights over a range of ethanol-water mixtures. Phase diagrams were constructed to identify and map micellar phases, then dynamic light scattering was used to characterize the solute-swollen micelles; NMR provided with the partition of solutes between solvent and micelles, and equilibrium constants K(c) were estimated using headspace analysis. Finally solute-evaporation rates were measured by thermogravimetry. We focused on two typical behaviors: when solubilization in a micellar compartment occurs, delayed release increased with K(c). When solubilization was limited or absent, either because no micelles form or, in the presence of micelles, because solubilization was minor or absent, delayed release was correspondingly absent.