gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bolus infusion scheme for the adjustment of steady state [11C]Flumazenil levels in the grey matter and in the blood plasma for neuroreceptor imaging (2020)

The use of hybrid PET/MR imaging facilitates the simultaneous investigation of challenge-related changes in ligand binding to neuroreceptors using PET, while concurrently measuring neuroactivation or blood flow with MRI. Having attained a steady state of the PET radiotracer using a bolus-infusion protocol, it is possible to observe alterations in ligand neuroreceptor binding through changes in distribution volumes. Here, we present an iterative procedure for establishing an administration scheme to obtain steady state [<sup>11</sup>C]flumazenil concentrations in grey matter in the human brain. In order to achieve a steady state in the shortest possible time, the bolus infusion ratio from a previous examination was adapted to fit the subsequent examination. 17 male volunteers were included in the study. Boli and infusions with different weightings were given to the subjects and were characterised by kbol values from 74 ​min down to 42 ​min. Metabolite analysis was used to ascertain the value of unmetabolised flumazenil in the plasma, and PET imaging was used to assess its binding in the grey matter. The flumazenil time-activity curves (TACs) in the brain were decomposed into activity contributions from pure grey and white matter and analysed for 12 ​vol of interest (VOIs). The curves highlighted a large variability in metabolic rates between the subjects, with kbol ​= ​54.3 ​min being a reliable value to provide flumazenil equilibrium conditions in the majority of the VOIs and cases. The distribution volume of flumazenil in all 12 VOIs was determined.
Direct incorporation of the NKT-cell activator α-galactosylceramide into a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes improves breast cancer vaccine efficacy (2014)

Our results suggest that direct incorporation of α-galactosylceramide into a live bacterial vaccine vector is a promising non-toxic new approach for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
Solar Oblateness, Excess Brightness, and Relativity (1974)

New observations show a small difference between the sun's polar and equatorial limb darkening functions. This excess equatorial brightness varies in time and can be of sufficient magnitude to account for the solar oblateness inferred by Dicke and Goldenberg from their measurements. This removes the serious consequence of their work for Einstein's general theory of relativity. The problems of a solar-edge definition and the derivation of a solar mass quadrupole moment are discussed.
Prior Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and the Risk of Herpes Zoster (2023)

Our study demonstrated that prior infection with HSV partly protects against HZ.
Arthroscopic appearances of the meniscofemoral ligaments: introducing the “meniscal tug test” (2006)

To evaluate the feasibility of identifying the anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligaments (aMFL and pMFL, respectively) at arthroscopy, both visually and using the "meniscal tug test", which exploits the anatomical attachments of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and MFLs. This is an observational type of study. Arthroscopy using anteromedial and anterolateral portals was performed in 68 knees in 68 patients (36 right, 32 left). The MFLs were identified using several anatomical cues, including their femoral and meniscal attachments, their obliquity relative to the PCL, and the meniscal tug test. Identification was classed as easy or hard by the operating surgeon. From 68 knees, the aMFL was seen and confirmed to be an MFL using the tug test in 60 (88%). Identification of the aMFL was classed as easy in 64 (94%), whilst the pMFL was easy to identify in only 6 (9%) of knees, of which 3 had a ruptured PCL. Thus, with the exception of PCL-deficient knees, it was felt that the meniscal "tug test" as applied in this study was not suitable for the pMFL. The study shows that identification of the aMFL is possible in most knees at arthroscopy, using the "tug test" and other anatomical cues. However, identification of the pMFL may require a posterior portal. A subgroup of PCL injuries in which the MFLs were intact was also observed. The "meniscal tug test" can be used in arthroscopic examinations of the PCL to distinguish between fibres of the true PCL from the MFLs, thus avoiding the misdiagnosis of partial versus complete PCL rupture. This will also aid studies examining the role of the MFLs in stabilising the PCL-deficient knee.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Drug Metabolites via C—H Functionalization: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of N,N‐Dimethylalkylamines in Complex Pharmaceuticals. (2015)

Abstract The practical, cost‐effective and operationally simple two‐step transformation is applied to a range of dimethylamine‐containing pharmaceuticals including clomipramine (I) and diltiazem (IV).
Breath analysis of cancer in the present and the future (2019)

Most of the currently used diagnostics for cancerous diseases have yet to meet the standards of screening, as they are insufficiently accurate and/or invasive and risky. In this review, we describe the rationale, the progress made to date, and the potential of analysing the exhaled volatile organic compounds as a pathway for enabling early diagnosis of cancer and, therefore, for achieving better clinical prognosis and survival rates. The review highlights the major advancements made in this field, from fundamentals, up to translational phases and clinical trials, with a special emphasis on sensing platforms based on nanomaterials. The prospects for breath analysis in early cancerous disease are presented and discussed.
Effect of CF102 on growth suppression and apoptosis in an orthotopic model of hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

22113 Background: The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR), a Gi protein associated cell surface receptor was suggested as a target for cancer treatment. In this study the expression and functionality of the A3AR in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was examined Methods: RT-PCR, western blot analysis and Immuno-histochemistry were used to evaluate the level of A3AR and cell growth regulatory proteins in tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A rat orthotopic model of N1S1 HCC tumor cells was used. Results: A3AR was found to be highly expressed in tumor tissues derived from patients and rats with HCC. A3AR over-expression was also found in the PBMCs, reflecting receptor status in the remote organ. The high expression level of the receptor was directly correlated to over expression of NF-ΚB, known as a transcription factor of A3AR. CF102, a synthetic highly selective agonist at the A3AR, induced growth suppression of rat HCC in an orthotropic model when given orally. Analysis of tumor lesions excised from CF102-treated animals demonstrated: a) de-regulation of the NF-κB and the Wnt signal transduction pathways; b) up-regulation of BAD, BAX and Caspase-3 resulting in apoptosis. Conclusions: A3AR is highly expressed in tumors and PBMCs of HCC patients and tumor bearing rats. Oral administration of CF102 induced tumor growth suppression and apoptosis of HCC. These data suggest A3AR as a novel targeted therapy to treat HCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Unified Power-Based Analysis of Combustion Engine and Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption (2022)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The previously developed power-based fuel consumption theory for Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) is extended to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV). The main difference between the BEV model structure and the ICEV is the bi-directional character of traction motors and batteries. A traction motor model was developed as a bi-linear function of positive and negative traction power. Another difference is that the accessories and cabin heating are powered directly from the battery, and not from the powertrain. The resulting unified model for ICEV and BEV energy consumption has linear terms proportional to positive and negative traction power, accessory power, and overhead, in varying proportions. Compared to the ICEV, the BEV powertrain has a high marginal efficiency and low overhead. As a result, BEV energy consumption data under a wide range of driving conditions are mainly proportional to net traction power, with only a small offset. Powertrain ‘bottom-up’ data and vehicle ‘top-down’ data are well described by the model. The observed powertrain transfer function can be used to estimate the energy consumption changes when it is used in different vehicle variants or under different driving conditions. Analytically derived range estimates are then possible for variants of a base BEV, just as analytically derived fuel economy can be estimated for ICEV variants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Spatio-temporal MRI reconstruction by enforcing local and global regularity via dynamic total variation and nuclear norm minimization (2016)

In this paper, we propose a new spatio-temporal reconstruction scheme for the fast reconstruction of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data from undersampled k-space measurements. To utilize both spatial and temporal redundancy in dMRI sequences, our method investigates the potential benefits of enforcing local spatial sparsity constraints on the difference to a reference image for each frame and additionally exploiting the low-rank property of global spatiotemporal signal via nuclear norm (NN) minimization. We present here an iterative algorithm that solves the convex optimization problem in an alternating fashion. The proposed method is tested on in-vivo 3D cardiac MRI and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI brain perfusion datasets. In comparison to two state-of-the-art methods, numerical experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our method in terms of reconstruction accuracy.
Implementation of a nonlinear gradient adaptive filter for processing of large-size medical sequences on general-purpose hardware (2003)

To achieve significant noise reduction in medical images while at the same time preserving fine structures of diagnostic value, a non-linear filter called the multi-resolution gradient adaptive filter (MRGAF) was developed. Though the algorithm is well suited for its task of noise reduction in medical images, it is still limited to the application of offline processing in medical workstations due to its computational complexity. The aim of our study is to reach real-time processing of data from low-cost x-ray systems on a standard PC without additional hardware. One major drawback of the original MRGAF procedure is its irregular memory access behavior caused by the intermediate multi-resolution representation of the image (Laplacian pyramid). This is addressed by completely re-arranging the computation. The image is divided into super-lines carrying all relevant information of all pyramidal levels, which allow to apply the complete MRGAF procedure in a single pass. This way, the cache utilization is improved considerably, the total number of memory accesses is reduced, and the use of super-scalar processing capabilities of current processors is facilitated. The current implementation allows applying advanced multi-resolution non-linear noise reduction to images of 768 &times; 564 pixels at a rate of more than 30 frames per second on a workstation. This shows that high-quality real-time image enhancement is feasible from a technical as well as from an economical point of view.
Abstract P352: The Anticancer mTOR-Inhibitor Temsirolimus Produces Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Murine Hearts (2011)

Background: Cardiotoxicity is a major drawback and social problem linked to many anticancer treatments. Early identification of signs of this adversity would certainly benefit the management of oncologic patients. The mTOR-inhibitor temsirolimus is currently being evaluated for anticancer efficacy in hundreds of clinical trials and is approved for treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, the PI3K/Akt pathway converges on mTOR, which is a central regulator of cell growth, including cardiomyocyte growth. Here, we aim at evaluating the cardiac effects of the anticancer mTOR-inhibitor temsirolimus in a mouse model in vivo. Methods: Left Ventricular (LV) fractional shortening (FS) was assessed by M-mode echocardiography in sedated C57BL/6 mice (2–4 mo. old) at day 0, and after 2, 7, 14, 21 days from a single i.p. injection of temsirolimus (0.1mg/kg, a dose comparable to the one used to treat cancer in humans) or vehicle. Doxorubicin (Doxo, 2.17 mg/kg/day for 7 days) was used as a positive control. With Speckle Tracking echocardiography (ST) we also evaluated radial myocardial strain (%), a very sensitive parameter which can detect subtle changes in cardiac function. Results: After 2 days, there was no change in FS with temsirolimus, but FS was already reduced with Doxo: 52±0.2%, p=.0000001 vs sham (60±0.4%). With temsirolimus, FS was reduced only after 21 days: 50±3%, p=.009 vs sham. Interestingly, with Speckle Tracking echocardiography we found that in the temsirolimus group radial strain was already decreased at 7 days: 42±5%, p=.01 vs sham (59±1%). Conclusions: The antineoplastic mTOR-inhibitor temsirolimus induces LV dysfunction in mice. Such dysfunction occurs later than the one observed with Doxo, but speckle tracking echocardiography is more sensitive than conventional echocardiography and can detect early signs of myocardial alteration that may prelude to overt LV dysfunction. The clear mechanisms of temsirolimus cardiotoxicity are to be elucidated in further experimental studies. We also plan to apply speckle tracking echocardiography to clinical studies, in order to evaluate the impact of early identification of temsirolimus cardiotoxicity in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
AuraOrb (2006)

One of the problems with notification appliances is that they can be distracting when providing information not of immediate interest to the user. In this paper, we present AuraOrb, an ambient notification appliance that deploys progressive turn taking techniques to minimize notification disruptions. AuraOrb uses social awareness cues, such as eye contact to detect user interest in an initially ambient light notification. Once detected, it displays a text message with a notification heading visible from 360 degrees. Touching the orb causes the associated message to be displayed on the user's computer screen. When user interest is lost, AuraOrb automatically reverts back to its idle state.We performed an initial evaluation of AuraOrb's functionality using a set of heuristics tailored to ambient displays. We compared progressive notification with the use of persistent ticker tape notifications and Outlook Express system tray messages for notifying the user of incoming emails. Results of our evaluation suggest that progressive turn taking techniques allowed AuraOrb users to access notification headings with minimal impact on their focus task.
Contribution of Caveolin Protein Abundance to Augmented Nitric Oxide Signaling in Conscious Dogs With Pacing-Induced Heart Failure (2000)

Myocardial NO signaling appears elevated in heart failure (HF). Whether this results from increased NO production, induction of the high-output NO synthase (NOS)2 isoform, or changes in NOS regulatory pathways (such as caveolae) remains controversial. We tested the hypothesis that increased abundance of caveolin-3 and/or sarcolemmal caveolae contribute to increased NO signaling in pacing-induced HF. Abundance of caveolin-3 (0.59+/-0.08 versus 0.29+/-0.08 arbitrary units, P = 0.01) but not caveolin-1 was increased in HF compared with control conditions, assessed by Western blot. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy revealed increased caveolae (2. 7+/-0.4 versus 1.3+/-0.3 per micrometer myocyte membrane, P<0.005). The association between caveolin-3 and NOS3 at the sarcolemma and T tubules was unchanged in HF compared with control myocytes. The impact of NOS inhibition with L-N(G)-methylarginine hydrochloride (L-NMMA) on beta-adrenergic inotropy was assessed in conscious dogs before and after HF. In control dogs, dobutamine (5 microg. kg(-1) x min(-1)) increased +dP/dt by 36+/-7%, and this was augmented to 66+/-24% by 20 mg/kg L-NMMA (P = 0.04 versus without L-NMMA, n = 8) but not affected by 10 mg/kg L-NMMA (34+/-10%, P = NS; n = 8). In HF, dobutamine +dP/dt response was depressed (P<0.001 versus control), and increased concentrations were required to match control inotropic responses (10 to 15 microg. kg(-1) x min(-1), 48+/-7%). L-NMMA enhanced +dP/dt responses similarly at 10 mg/kg (61+/-17%, P = 0.02; n = 4) and 20 mg/kg (54+/-7%, P = 0.04; n = 7). Caveolin-3 abundance positively correlated with L-NMMA augmentation of dobutamine inotropic responses in HF (r = 0.9, P = 0.03; n = 4). Thus, in canine pacing-induced HF, expression of caveolin-3 and of sarcolemmal caveolae is increased. This increase is associated with augmented agonist-stimulated NO signaling, likely via a compartmentation effect.
Knowledge-driven dictionaries for sparse representation of continuous glucose monitoring signals (2018)

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) of patients with diabetes allows the effective management of the disease and reduces the risk of hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic episodes. Towards this goal, the development of reliable CGM models is essential for representing the corresponding signals and interpreting them with respect to factors and outcomes of interest. We propose a sparse decomposition model to approximate CGM time-series as a linear combination of a small set of exemplar atoms, appropriately designed through parametric functions to capture the main fluctuations of the CGM signal. Sparse decomposition is performed through the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP). Results indicate that the proposed model provides 0.1 relative reconstruction error with 0.8 compression rate on a publicly available dataset containing 25 patients diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. The atoms selected from the OMP procedure can be further interpreted in relation to the clinically meaningful components of the CGM signal (e.g. glucose spikes, hypoglycemic episodes, etc.
A Robust Adaptive Beamformer Based on Worst-Case Semi-Definite Programming (2010)

In this correspondence, a novel robust adaptive beamformer is proposed based on the worst-case semi-definite programming (SDP). A recent paper has reported that a beamformer robust against large steering direction error can be constructed by using linear constraints on magnitude response in SDP formulation. In practice, however, array system also suffers from many other array imperfections other than steering direction error. In order to make the adaptive beamformer robust against all kinds of array imperfections, the worst-case optimization technique is proposed to reformulate the beamformer by minimizing the array output power with respect to the worst-case array imperfections. The resultant beamformer has the mathematical form of a regularized SDP problem and possesses superior robustness against arbitrary array imperfections. Although the formulation of robust beamformer uses weighting matrix, with the help of spectral factorization approach, the weighting vector can be obtained so that the beamformer can be used for both signal power and waveform estimation. Simple implementation, flexible performance control, as well as significant signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) enhancement, support the practicability of the proposed method.
Measurement of the $${{\mathrm{W} }^{+} }\mathrm{W}^{-} $$ W + W - cross section in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 8$$ s = 8 TeVand limits on anomalous gauge couplings (2016)

A measurement of the W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV is presented. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.4[Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] candidates are selected from events with two charged leptons, electrons or muons, and large missing transverse energy. The measured [Formula: see text] cross section is [Formula: see text], consistent with the standard model prediction. The [Formula: see text] cross sections are also measured in two different fiducial phase space regions. The normalized differential cross section is measured as a function of kinematic variables of the final-state charged leptons and compared with several perturbative QCD predictions. Limits on anomalous gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are also given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95 % confidence level intervals are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], in the HISZ basis.
Potentiation of neurite outgrowth by brexpiprazole, a novel serotonin–dopamine activity modulator: A role for serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors (2015)

Brexpiprazole, a novel atypical antipsychotic drug, is currently being tested in clinical trials for treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The drug is known to act through a combination of partial agonistic activity at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A, and dopamine D2 receptors, and antagonistic activity at 5-HT2A receptors. Accumulating evidence suggests that antipsychotic drugs act by promoting neurite outgrowth. In this study, we examined whether brexpiprazole affected neurite outgrowth in cell culture. We found that brexpiprazole significantly potentiated nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, in a concentration dependent manner. The selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY-100,635, was able to block the effects of brexpiprazole on neurite outgrowth, unlike the selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, raclopride. Furthermore, the selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907, but not DOI (5-HT2A receptor agonist), significantly potentiated NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Moreover, xestospongin C and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), both specific inhibitors of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptors, significantly blocked the effects of brexpiprazole. These findings suggest that brexpiprazole-induced neurite outgrowth is mediated through 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, and subsequent Ca(2+) signaling via IP3 receptors.
MIST: Maximum Information Spanning Trees for dimension reduction of biological data sets (2009)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Combination vaccines containing DTPa–Hib: impact of IPV and coadministration of CRM197 conjugates (2008)

Vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa)-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combinations generally elicits anti-polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP) antibody concentrations of more than 0.15 microg/ml, a criterion that is linked to the protection of infants against Hib disease. In the UK, vaccination with DTPa3-Hib elicited atypically low anti-PRP antibody levels and was associated with breakthrough Hib cases. While the absence of a toddler booster is considered to be a key factor explaining the lowered control of Hib disease, we propose that the coadministration of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis conjugate vaccine (MenC)-CRM197, which coincided with the introduction of DTPa3-Hib in the UK, may have played a role. However, other data suggest that the response to Hib after DTPa(HBV) inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)-Hib combinations is not affected by the coadministration of CRM197, which we postulate to be attributed to the presence of IPV. These observations underline the need to carefully evaluate upcoming pediatric conjugate vaccines for possible interference effects on the coadministered antigens, with particular attention to hepatitis B and Hib-tetanus toxoid.