gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Silver Powder Metallurgy Affects the Physical Properties of Low Temperature Firing Silver Conductor (2011)

With the implementation of RoHS (the Restriction of Hazardous Substance) Directive banning the use of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Hexavalent Chromium, hybrid microelectronic manufacturers are globally embracing the lead free movement. These manufacturers must not only understand the implications of their material choice but must be aware of the interaction between lead free solder alloys and their RoHS compliant thick film materials. It is commonly known that lead free solder alloys process at much higher reflow temperatures than lead containing solder which can directly impact the fired film leach resistance and the loss of adhesion. There are also other concerns; lead free solders alloys generally require a different organic flux system to promote wetting and reflow, but this change may cause a fired film conductor to leach more easily than the flux used in the lead containing solders. The use of lead free solders such as SAC305, SAC405 or 95/5 on a low firing (550–570 °C) pure silver conductor has the tendency of leaching the fired film more readily than conductors containing small amounts of palladium or platinum. Many of these situations provide new challenges for the hybrid circuit manufacturer. There is little information available regarding the effects of the lead free solders on low firing silver thick film conductors. This paper discusses the results of a newly developed Pb and Cd free silver thick film conductor paste with a modified silver powder metallurgy to improve the leach resistance, solder acceptance and adhesion using lead free solder. In addition, the pure silver conductor was fired on top of a low temperature dielectric paste. This conductor was evaluated by comparing lead free solder alloys to traditional tin-lead-silver solder alloys. This study included evaluations based on SEM photos, solderability, leach resistance, and initial and long term adhesions. Results are published describing the difference in behavior between the different solder alloys in conjunction with the different silver powder metallurgy.
Initial experience using the Penumbra coil 400: comparison of aneurysm packing, cost effectiveness, and coil efficiency (2013)

Compared with the Orbit/Galaxy coils, our analysis suggests that the Penumbra coil is more efficient and cost effective in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Oncolytic measles virus encoding interleukin-12 mediates potent antitumor effects through T cell activation (2017)

Combination of oncolytic virotherapy with immunomodulators is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for numerous tumor entities. In this study, we developed measles Schwarz vaccine strain vectors encoding immunomodulators to support different phases in the establishment of antitumor immune responses. Therapeutic efficacy of the novel vectors was evaluated in the immunocompetent MC38cea tumor model. We identified vectors encoding an IL-12 fusion protein (MeVac FmIL-12) and an antibody against PD-L1 (MeVac anti-PD-L1), respectively, as the most effective. Treatment of established tumors with MeVac FmIL-12 achieved 90% complete remissions. Profiling of the tumor immune microenvironment revealed activation of a type 1 T helper cell-directed response, with MeVac FmIL-12 ensuring potent early natural killer and effector T cell activation as well as upregulation of the effector cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. CD8(+) T cells were found to be essential for the therapeutic efficacy of MeVac FmIL-12. Results of this study present MeVac FmIL-12 as a novel approach for targeted IL-12 delivery and elucidate mechanisms of successful immunovirotherapy.
Analysis of Phosphate Position in Hexose Monosaccharides Using Ion−Molecule Reactions and SORI-CID on an FT-ICR Mass Spectrometer (2002)

Through the use of ion-molecule reactions and SORI-CID, the phosphate position in hexose phosphate monosaccharides has been determined in the negative ion mode. Trimethyl borate was used as a reagent gas and was found to react readily with the phosphorylated hexose monosaccharides. After reaction of the reagent gas with the hexose phosphate, ion activation of the precursor by SORI-CID yielded different MS/MS spectra. Different diagnostic ions were generated for the two isomers, thus enabling differentiation and linkage position determination of the phosphate moiety.
Transmission-Constrained Unit Commitment (2018)

The unit commitment with transmission constraints in the alternating-current (AC) model is a challenging mixed-integer non-linear optimisation problem. We present an approach based on decomposition of a Mixed-Integer Semidefinite Programming (MISDP) problem into a mixed-integer quadratic (MIQP) master problem and a semidefinite programming (SDP) sub-problem. Between the master problem and the sub-problem, we pass novel classes of cuts. We analyse finite convergence to the optimum of the MISDP and report promising computational results on a test case from the Canary Islands, Spain.
Fluoxetine inhibits matrix metalloprotease activation and prevents disruption of blood–spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury (2012)

After spinal cord injury, the disruption of blood-spinal cord barrier by activation of matrix metalloprotease is a critical event leading to infiltration of blood cells, inflammatory responses and neuronal cell death, contributing to permanent neurological disability. Recent evidence indicates that fluoxetine, an anti-depressant drug, is shown to have neuroprotective effects in ischaemic brain injury, but the precise mechanism underlying its protective effects is largely unknown. Here, we show that fluoxetine prevented blood-spinal cord barrier disruption via inhibition of matrix metalloprotease activation after spinal cord injury. After a moderate contusion injury at the T9 level of spinal cord with an infinite horizon impactor in the mouse, fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally and further administered once a day for indicated time points. Fluoxetine treatment significantly inhibited messenger RNA expression of matrix metalloprotease 2, 9 and 12 after spinal cord injury. By zymography and fluorimetric enzyme activity assay, fluoxetine also significantly reduced matrix metalloprotease 2 and matrix metalloprotease 9 activities after injury. In addition, fluoxetine inhibited nuclear factor kappa B-dependent matrix metalloprotease 9 expression in bEnd.3, a brain endothelial cell line, after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Fluoxetine also attenuated the loss of tight junction molecules such as zona occludens 1 and occludin after injury in vivo as well as in bEnd.3 cultures. By immunofluorescence staining, fluoxetine prevented the breakdown of the tight junction integrity in endothelial cells of blood vessel after injury. Furthermore, fluoxetine inhibited the messenger RNA expression of chemokines such as Groα, MIP1α and 1β, and prevented the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators after injury. Finally, fluoxetine attenuated apoptotic cell death and improved locomotor function after injury. Thus, our results indicate that fluoxetine improved functional recovery in part by inhibiting matrix metalloprotease activation and preventing blood-spinal cord barrier disruption after spinal cord injury. Furthermore, our study suggests that fluoxetine may represent a potential therapeutic agent for preserving blood-brain barrier integrity following ischaemic brain injury and spinal cord injury in humans.
Split luciferase complementation assay for the analysis of G protein‐coupled receptor ligand response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2017)

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is equipped with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Because the yeast GPCR signaling mechanism is partly similar to that of the mammalian system, S. cerevisiae can be used for a host of mammalian GPCR expression and ligand-mediated activation assays. However, currently available yeast systems require several hours to observe the responses because they depend on the expression of reporter genes. In this study, we attempted to develop a simple GPCR assay system using split luciferase and β-arrestin, which are independent of the endogenous S. cerevisiae GPCR signaling pathways. We applied the split luciferase complementation assay method to S. cerevisiae and found that it can be used to analyze the ligand response of the human somatostatin receptor in S. cerevisiae. On the contrary, the response of the pheromone receptor Ste2 was not observed by the assay. Thus, the split luciferase complementation should be free from the effect of the endogenous GPCR signaling. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1354-1361. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High efficiency dual-mode RF transmitter using envelope-tracking dual-band Class-E power amplifier for W-CDMA/WiMAX systems (2009)

This paper presents design and linearization techniques for a highly efficient but nonlinear Class-E power amplifier (PA) applied to a dual-mode RF transmitter for W-CDMA/WiMAX systems. At first, a Class-E PA design is carried out for dual-band operation based on the proposed modified Class-E condition. Then, the envelope tracking and digital predistortion techniques are applied to linearize the Class-E PA by improving the PA AM/AM and AM/PM distortions. Consequently, the designed Class-E PA, although classified as a switching-mode PA, can act as a linear PA for diverse high peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR) wireless systems. The experimental results show that a quadrature modulation transmitter incorporating the presented envelope-tracking dual-band Class-E PA can simultaneously achieve high average efficiency and adjacent channel power rejection for 1.95 GHz W-CDMA and 2.6 GHz WiMAX applications.
Commentary on “A Biomechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Bovine and Porcine Pericardium for Use in Bioprosthetic Heart Valves” (2021)

The use of replacement heart valves continues to grow due to the increased prevalence of valvular heart disease resulting from an aging population worldwide. For approximately the last two decades, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) have become the preferred replacement valve design. In addition, prosthetic heart valves are increasingly being replaced by a percutaneous approach. However, despite great strides in minimally invasive delivery technologies, the need to improve BHV durability remains the major technology limitation. Current industrial valve designs have taken empirically based development approaches quite far but have reached a bottleneck due to the limited fundamental understanding of the pericardial xenograft biomaterials. While the design of replacement heart valves has reached a very high level, the major technological hurdle continues to be the leaflet biomaterials themselves. This fact is exacerbated by use of thinner leaflets in transcatheter designs beyond those present in standard surgical valves. This clearly sets the stage for the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in BHV function and subsequent failure. The article in this issue by Murphy et al1Murphy B, Campion G, Whelan A, Hershberger K, Conroy J, Lally C. A biomechanical and microstructural analysis of bovine and porcine pericardium for use in bioprosthetic heart valves. Struct Heart. 2021.Google Scholar continues several decades of research into this important area by very carefully examining the structure and strength of several forms of pericardium. An important finding was that structural analysis alone will not provide the kind of consistent biomaterials needed. Moreover, the structural complexity of pericardium from various species requires additional mechanical and detailed structural analysis to provide the optimal biomaterials. These important findings can greatly help the replacement heart valve industry perfect its pericardium-based designs. It also underscores important limitations of what is possible in pericardial-based biomaterials, and the ongoing need for robust alternative approaches. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Latest trends in breast reconstruction (2020)

In 1998, the United States Federal Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act mandated insurance coverage for breast reconstruction after mastectomy and contralateral surgery for symmetry to improve access to these services. The United Kingdom National Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction Audit revealed a doubling in rates of immediate breast reconstruction from about 10% to 20% over a 4 year period. The availability of breast reconstruction is an important factor and many of these women chose implant-based reconstruction. The most common type of breast reconstruction performed in the United States is immediate implant-based reconstruction. Plastic surgeons in academic practice are more likely to perform autologous breast reconstruction than those in solo practice in a community hospital. Awareness of breast reconstruction influences the patient’s ultimate decision regarding options for oncologic breast surgery. Breast reconstruction is an irreversible procedure, and it is important to optimize not only the decision-making process, but also to examine long-term patient satisfaction.
Application of Combinatorial Procedures in the Search for Serine-Protease-Like Activity with Focus on the Acyl Transfer Step (2000)

Durch rekursive Dekonvolution einer Peptidbibliothek mit 729 Komponenten wurden drei hinsichtlich der Spaltung aktivierter p-Nitrophenylester aktive Sequenzen identifiziert, in denen sowohl Ser als auch His in einer der beiden an ein Steroidgerüst gebundenen Tripeptidketten vorliegen (siehe Formel). Dieser kombinatorische Ansatz zielt auf die Suche nach Serin-Protease-artiger Aktivität.
Suppression of Boron Penetration from Source/Drain-Extension to Improve Gate Leakage Characteristics and Gate-Oxide Reliability for 65-nm Node CMOS and Beyond (2005)

Boron penetration from the poly-silicon gate to the silicon substrate through gate dielectrics is a crucial problem in the dual gate complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Therefore, the plasma nitridation technique has been studied well, and it has succeeded to suppress boron penetration. However, boron penetration occurs not only from the doped poly-silicon gate but also from the substrate, and resulting in several degradations of gate-oxide characteristics. On the other hand, the boron concentration of source/drain (S/D) extension has been increasing with gate shrinkage. We found that boron penetration from the S/D extension becomes a crucial problem in gate leakage and gate-oxide integrity, particularly for nanoscale positive-channel MOS (pMOS). In this study, we examined several treatments in detail to suppress boron penetration from the S/D extension, and demonstrated that the plasma nitridation treatment after gate etching is the best solution for 65-nm node CMOS and beyond.
Affinity Extraction into CO2. 2. Extraction of Heavy Metals into CO2 from Low-pH Aqueous Solutions (1998)

Because it is an environmentally benign solvent, CO2 is increasingly being evaluated as a medium with which to perform liquid−liquid extraction from water (unlike conventional organic solvents, no contamination of the aqueous phase results). A number of researchers have explored the design of highly CO2-soluble chelating agents to allow extraction of metal ions, yet the low pH of water in contact with CO2 (2.8−3.0) can lead to poor extraction efficiencies with many common chelating agents. In this paper, we describe the generation of a CO2-soluble analogue to ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, an agent which has been shown to effectively extract a variety of metal ions at pH's as low as 1.0. We have found that the CO2-soluble analogue can extract high fractions of copper, nickel, and cadmium, although, like conventional APDC, extraction of chromium was less successful.
Using metabolic flux data to further constrain the metabolic solution space and predict internal flux patterns: the Escherichia coli spectrum (2004)

Constraint-based metabolic modeling has been used to capture the genome-scale, systems properties of an organism's metabolism. The first generation of these models has been built on annotated gene sequence. To further this field, we now need to develop methods to incorporate additional "omic" data types including transcriptomics, metabolomics, and fluxomics to further facilitate the construction, validation, and predictive capabilities of these models. The work herein combines metabolic flux data with an in silico model of central metabolism of Escherichia coli for model centric integration of the flux data. The extreme pathways for this network, which define the allowable solution space for all possible flux distributions, are analyzed using the alpha-spectrum. The alpha-spectrum determines which extreme pathways can and cannot contribute to the metabolic flux distribution for a given condition and gives the allowable range of weightings on each extreme pathway that can contribute. Since many extreme pathways cannot be used under certain conditions, the result is a "condition-specific" solution space that is a subset of the original solution space. The alpha-spectrum results are used to create a "condition-specific" extreme pathway matrix that can be analyzed using singular value decomposition (SVD). The first mode of the SVD analysis characterizes the solution space for a given condition. We show that SVD analysis of the alpha-spectrum extreme pathway matrix that incorporates measured uptake and byproduct secretion rates, can predict internal flux trends for different experimental conditions. These predicted internal flux trends are, in general, consistent with the flux trends measured using experimental metabolic flux analysis techniques.
VITAMIN B6AND MENTAL DEFICIENCY: THE EFFECTS OF LARGE DOSES OF B6(PYRIDOXINE) IN PHENYLKETONURIA (1959)

Vitamin B 6 was given to 10 phenylketonuric patients in doses up to 150 mg/day for a period of 9 weeks. Their clinical signs, behavior, intelligence, E.E.G.('s), serum phenylalanine levels, urinary phenylpyruvic acid and phenol levels, and excretions of ethyl-acetate-soluble aromatic derivatives were followed serially. No changes of significance to phenylketonuria were found, although chromatographic evidence indicated some changes in excretion of a few aromatic derivatives, notably N α -acetyltryptophan.
Supplementary Tables 1 from A Phase II Trial of Guadecitabine plus Atezolizumab in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Progressing after Initial Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary TablesSupplementary Table 1: Patient and tumor sample informationSupplementary Table 2: Tumor mutation burdenSupplementary Table 3: Unfiltered whole exome sequencing mutation analysisSupplementary Table 4: Filtered whole exome sequencing mutation analysisSupplementary Table 5: Immunohistochemistry scores of tumorsSupplementary Table 6: FACS panel for PBMC analysisSupplementary Table 7: Geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI) from PBMC FACSSupplementary Table 8: Representativeness of Study Participants&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of Wire EDM on the Microstructure of P/M Titanium Samples (2014)

Purpose: Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) has been recognized in dentistry for its biocompatibility, good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Conventional manufacturing processes can affect surface quality and result in poor bonding of dental ceramics to CP Ti. This is why powder metallurgy (P/M) and wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM) are being introduced in the manufacturing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of WEDM on the surface composition and microstructure of P/M CP Ti samples produced for bond strength testing according to ISO 9693. Materials and methods: Eight samples of P/M CP Ti, dimensions according to ISO 9693, were made using WEDM and divided in two groups (untreated and grinded). Microanalyses of chemical composition and microstructure of both groups were made using SEM, EDS and XDR. Results: SEM and EDS analysis of untreated samples showed a thin layer on surfaces with fractures in it. Grinded samples showed homogenous structure with no layer and no fractures. XDR analysis showed high level of oxides on the surface of untreated samples, while after grinding only pure α-phase was found. Conclusion: WEDM is a suitable method of sample production for ISO 9693 if accompanied by grinding with silicon carbide papers P320-P4000.
Speed, power, area, and latency tradeoffs in adaptive FIR filtering for PRML read channels (2001)

In this paper, we describe area and power reduction techniques for a low-latency adaptive finite-impulse response filter for magnetic recording read channel applications. Various techniques are used to reduce area and power dissipation while speed and latency remain as the main performance criteria for the target application. The proposed parallel transposed direct form architecture operates on real-time input data samples and employs a fast, low-area multiplier based on selection of radix-8 premultiplied coefficients in conjunction with one-hot encoded bus leading to a very compact layout and reduced power dissipation. Area, speed, and power comparisons with other low-power implementation options are also shown. The proposed filter has been fabricated using a 0.18-/spl mu/m L-effective CMOS technology and operates at 550 MSamples/s. Trading off filter latency to improve speed is also discussed.
X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses of Ni species trapped in graphene sheet of carbon nanofibers (2006)

Metal impurities in the carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers play an important role in understanding their physical and chemical properties. We apply the Ni $K$-edge x-ray absorption fine structure analyses to the local electronic and geometric structures around embedded Ni impurities used as catalysts in a carbon nanofiber in combination with multiple scattering analyses. We find almost Ni catalysts as metal particles are removed by the purification treatment. Even after the purification, residual $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ppm}$ Ni species are still absorbed; most of them are in monomer structure with Ni-C bond length $1.83\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$, and each of them is substituted for a carbon atom in a graphene sheet.
New Direction in Organopalladium Chemistry: Structure and Reactivity of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Ligands Bound to Multipalladium Units (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Karakteristik Aus Mata Pisau Terlapisi Bahan Pengeras pada Pemotongan Kayu Mersawa dan Papan Partikel (2015)

The use of mersawa wood and particleboard as a materials has been increasing for building constructions and decorative purpose. In previous study reported that, these materials provide a high rate of wear caused by abrasion (high silica) and resin content. This article presents the characteristics of wear on the clearance face of newly multilayer-coated K10 cutting tools when milling mersawa wood and particleboard. The K10 cutting tools were coated with monolayer titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), multilayer TiAlN/titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN), and TiAlN/titanium boron nitride (TiBN). Mersawa wood with density of 0.80 g/cm3 and particleboard with a density of 0.61 g/cm3 were cut using the coated tools and uncoated K10. Cutting tests were performed on computer numeric control router at a high cutting speed of 17 m/s and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev to investigate the wear characteristics on the clearance face of these coated tools. Result of research shown that the coated tools experienced a smaller amount of wear than the uncoated tool when cutting the mersawa and particleboard. The best coating among other coated in this study was multilayer TiAlN/TiBN. The high hardness, low coefficient of friction, high resistance to oxidation, and high resistance to delamination wear of the multilayer-coated TiAlN/TiBN tool indicate a very promising applicability of this coating for high-speed cutting of abrasive woods and wood based materials.