gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compensation of shallow donors in dimethylaluminum methoxide-doped GaAs (1994)

Hall-effect and deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements have been performed on GaAs epilayers grown by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy and intentionally doped with diethyltellurium and dimethylaluminum methoxide (DMAlMO). The DMAlMO doping was observed to compensate shallow tellurium donors for concentrations as high as 1019 cm−3, producing fully compensated high-resistivity epilayers. Seven DMAlMO-induced deep levels have been observed in the GaAs band gap with activation energies of 0.25, 0.30, 0.37, 0.40, 0.58, 0.74, and 0.93 eV. Less than 5% of all oxygen atoms were present in the layer in the form of isolated off-center substitutional oxygen corresponding to the 0.58 eV level. The major traps located at 0.74 and 0.93 eV below the conduction band have been attributed to complexes of aluminum and oxygen involving two and one aluminum atoms, respectively. Both of these levels are deep acceptors responsible for the compensation of shallow donors.
Minority-carrier thermoelectric devices (2003)

Traditional Peltier coolers employ majority carriers within doped semiconductor regions to transport heat energy between metal contacts. An alternative approach to using such coolers in an external fashion to cool electronic devices is to optimize the thermoelectric performance of the electronic devices themselves. Recognizing that minority carriers play an important role in many electronic and optoelectronic devices, we have developed a general theory for thermoelectric effects in a p-n diode (a prototypical electronic and optoelectronic component) where diffusion of minority carriers is essential to the device's operation. Differences with the traditional Peltier effect are highlighted. It is also shown that the heat energy can be transported from the diode junction to the side contacts, producing temperature gradients within the device and internally cooling the junction. Analytic expressions for quantities such as the effective ZT are derived, as well as optimization conditions for doping, region width, and current density. Predicted heat gradients over micron-scale devices are approximately 7 degrees for InGaAs and 30 degrees for HgCdTe under optimal heat-sinking conditions. Other numerical results are given for several common material systems.
Ultrasound-Triggered Delivery of Peptides and Proteins from Microspheres (2020)

The realization that blood sugar levels must be kept in normal limits if diabetic complications are to be avoided has led to the approach of self-regulated insulin delivery systems. Cavitation is one of several possible mechanisms through which ultrasound can interact with liquid medium. Acoustic cavitation can be considered to involve at least three discrete stages: nucleation, bubble growth and, under proper conditions, implosive collapse. The enhanced release was also observed in nonerodible systems exposed to ultrasound for which the release is diffusion-dependent. In vivo studies on a model drug have suggested the feasibility of ultrasound-mediated drug-release enhancement. The results suggest the feasibility of ultrasound to enhance the release of peptides and proteins from bioerodible and nonerodible polymers. Nucleation of bubbles occurs at weak points in the liquid, such as gas-filled crevices in suspended particulate matter, or from transient microbubbles from prior cavitation events.
A hybrid electric vehicle with minimal energy storage system (2014)

A series HEV with a minimal or “light” ESS and a small engine is examined with the objective of maximizing fuel economy with little all-electric range. The motivation is the re-examination of assumptions about consumer adoption of electric vehicles, with the goal to consider lowest cost of ownership without compromising range. Lowest cost of ownership is indicated by maximizing fuel economy with a small energy storage system and a minimal displacement engine sized for average, rather than peak power. A minimal ESS is found via a parametric study for maximum fuel economy and empirically validated on a chassis dynamometer.
Dosage Effect of a Dominant CLCN1 Mutation: A Novel Syndrome (2007)

Multiple mutations in the CLCN1 gene coding for the voltage-gated chloride channel have been documented to cause myotonia congenita. We report a kindred featuring an index patient who possesses 2 copies of a dominantly inherited mutated CLCN1 allele with a resulting novel phenotypic presentation. The index patient is a boy who presented initially for evaluation at the age of 5 years with a 2-year history of gait problems. Both parents and 3 male siblings were entirely well. Examination revealed a striking diffuse muscular hypertrophy, diffuse mild to moderate weakness, Gower sign, percussion, and grip myotonia. Electromyography confirmed myotonia, and molecular analysis revealed 2 copies of the T310M mutation on the CLCN1 gene. Testing of family members revealed a normal neurological examination without clinical myotonia in all and electromyographic evidence of myotonia and a single copy of the T310M mutation in both parents and 2 siblings. Our kindred is the initial demonstration of the dosage effect of a dominant mutated allele in the CLCN1 gene.
Estimation of the Hydrophobic Effect in an Antigen−Antibody Protein−Protein Interface, (2000)

Antigen-antibody complexes provide useful models for analyzing the thermodynamics of protein-protein association reactions. We have employed site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate the role of hydrophobic interactions in stabilizing the complex between the Fv fragment of the anti-hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) antibody D1.3 and HEL. Crystal structures of six FvD1.3-HEL mutant complexes in which an interface tryptophan residue (V(L)W92) has been replaced by residues with smaller side chains (alanine, serine, valine, aspartate, histidine, and phenylalanine) were determined to resolutions between 1.75 and 2.00 A. In the wild-type complex, V(L)W92 occupies a large hydrophobic pocket on the surface of HEL and constitutes an energetic "hot spot" for antigen binding. The losses in apolar buried surface area in the mutant complexes, relative to wild-type, range from 25 (V(L)F92) to 115 A(2) (V(L)A92), with no significant shifts in the positions of protein atoms at the mutation site for any of the complexes except V(L)A92, where there is a peptide flip. The affinities of the mutant Fv fragments for HEL are 10-100-fold lower than that of the original antibody. Formation of all six mutant complexes is marked by a decrease in binding enthalpy that exceeds the decrease in binding free energy, such that the loss in enthalpy is partly offset by a compensating gain in entropy. No correlation was observed between decreases in apolar, polar, or aggregate (sum of the apolar and polar) buried surface area in the V(L)92 mutant series and changes in the enthalpy of formation. Conversely, there exist linear correlations between losses of apolar buried surface and decreases in binding free energy (R(2) = 0.937) as well as increases in the solvent portion of the entropy of binding (R(2) = 0.909). The correlation between binding free energy and apolar buried surface area corresponds to 21 cal mol(-1) A(-2) (1 cal = 4.185 J) for the effective hydrophobicity at the V(L)92 mutation site. Furthermore, the slope of the line defined by the correlation between changes in binding free energy and solvent entropy approaches unity, demonstrating that the exclusion of solvent from the binding interface is the predominant energetic factor in the formation of this protein complex. Our estimate of the hydrophobic contribution to binding at site V(L)92 in the D1.3-HEL interface is consistent with values for the hydrophobic effect derived from classical hydrocarbon solubility models. We also show how residue V(L)W92 can contribute significantly less to stabilization when buried in a more polar pocket, illustrating the dependence of the hydrophobic effect on local environment at different sites in a protein-protein interface.
Biomechanics of Grade I degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Part 2: Treatment with threaded interbody cages/dowels and pedicle screws (2001)

Biomechanically, cages or dowels alone were suboptimal for treating lumbar spondylolisthesis, especially compared with pedicle screw/rods. Threaded cages or dowels used together with pedicle screws/rods created the most stable construct.
Risk of Upgrading from Prostate Biopsy to Radical Prostatectomy Pathology—Does Saturation Biopsy of Index Lesion during Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy Help? (2018)

Our results demonstrate that saturation of the index lesion significantly decreases the risk of upgrading on radical prostatectomy by minimizing the impact of tumor heterogeneity.
Domain Knowledge Driven Pseudo Labels for Interpretable Goal-Conditioned Interactive Trajectory Prediction (2022)

Motion forecasting in highly interactive scenarios is a challenging problem in autonomous driving. In such scenarios, we need to accurately predict the joint behavior of interacting agents to ensure the safe and efficient navigation of autonomous vehicles. Recently, goal-conditioned methods have gained increasing attention due to their advantage in performance and their ability to capture the multimodality in trajectory distribution. In this work, we study the joint trajectory prediction problem with the goal-conditioned framework. In particular, we introduce a conditional-variational-autoencoder-based (CVAE) model to explicitly encode different interaction modes into the latent space. However, we discover that the vanilla model suffers from posterior collapse and cannot induce an informative latent space as desired. To address these issues, we propose a novel approach to avoid KL vanishing and induce an interpretable interactive latent space with pseudo labels. The proposed pseudo labels allow us to incorporate domain knowledge on interaction in a flexible manner. We motivate the proposed method using an illustrative toy example. In addition, we validate our framework on the Waymo Open Motion Dataset with both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.
Differential platelet‐activating factor synthesis by monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis (2006)

These data suggest that high levels of platelet-activating factor in subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis result from both increased synthesis and reduced catabolism. While localized aggressive periodontitis polymorphonuclear neutrophils contribute to increased platelet-activating factor mass through synthesis, the contribution of monocytes is probably the result of reduced catabolism by platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase.
Abstract 2774: The triple combination of the FAP-IL2v immunocytokine with PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitory and CD40 agonistic antibodies results in long-term tumor control in the orthotopic PancO2 model (2018)

Abstract Introduction: We have previously described the FAP-targeted immunocytokine FAP-IL2v and its combination with PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition. Here we show that the anti-tumoral efficacy of FAP-IL2v can be strongly enhanced by combination with a CD40 agonistic antibody as well as the triple combination of FAP-IL2v with a CD40 agonistic and a PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitory antibody in the syngeneic PancO2 model. Methods: Anti-tumoral efficacy was assessed in the orthotopic intra-pancreatic PancO2 model transfected with Luciferase in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were injected intra-pancreatically on study day 0 with 1x10E5 Panc02-Fluc cells, randomized and weighed. One week after tumor cell injection mice were injected i.p. with the murine specific surrogate immunocytokine muFAP-muIL2v (muIgG1 DAPG) (2 mg/kg, q1wx3), anti-muPD-L1 surrogate antibody (muIgG1 DAPG) (10 mg/kg, q1wx3) and/or the anti-muCD40 surrogate antibody FGK4.5 (muIgG1) (10mg/kg, q1wx1). Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed after ip injection of 150 mg/kg D-Luciferin 10 min before acquisition using IVIS® SPECTRUM. An analogous experiment was performed in C57BL/6 B cell knockout mice. Results: In the orthotopic PancO2-Fluc model the triple combination of FAP-IL2v plus anti-PD-L1 plus anti-CD40 showed superior outcome compared to vehicle and the respective monotherapies in terms of median survival and overall survival in the majority of animals followed by the combination of FAP-IL2v with anti-CD40 and the combinations of anti-PD-L1 with anti-CD40 and FAP-IL2v with anti-PD-L1, respectively. Bioluminescence imaging confirmed the survival outcome of the respective groups by decrease in/absence of bioluminescence signals in the tumor area. Tumor re-challenge experiments showed that the animals with long-term survival were protected both in the C57BL/6 and the C57BL/6 B cell knockout mice. Conclusions: These data show that the anti-tumoral efficacy of FAP-IL2v in the syngeneic PancO2 model can be strongly enhanced by combining it with a CD40 agonistic antibody on top of a PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitory antibody. Most notably, the triple combination of FAP-IL2v with CD40 agonism and PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition resulted in long term survival of the majority of animals. These data provide the preclinical rationale for further clinical investigation of the combination of FAP-IL2v (RG7461) with the PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab and the CD40 agonistic antibody selicrelumab (RG7876). Citation Format: Valeria Nicolini, Inja Waldhauer, Anne Freimoser, Emily Corse, Jahad Charo, Pablo Umana, Christian Klein. The triple combination of the FAP-IL2v immunocytokine with PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitory and CD40 agonistic antibodies results in long-term tumor control in the orthotopic PancO2 model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2774.
Design of Embedded Filters for Inner‐Loop Power Control in Wireless CDMA Communication Systems (2011)

Abstract We study inner‐loop power control for mobile wireless communication systems using code division multiple access transmission. We focus on the uplink, i.e. , on communication from the mobile‐ to the base‐station, and show how to minimise the variance of the signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) tracking error through incorporation of recursive filters. These filters complement existing power controllers and are designed by using a linear model which takes into account quantisation of the power control signal, dynamics of channel gains, interference from other users, target SIR, and SIR estimation errors. Simulation results indicate that significant performance gains can be obtained, even in situations where the models used for design are only an approximation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Power scaling of LDPC decoder stage in long haul networks (2012)

Enhancing Forward Error Correction (FEC) is necessary to recover from physical impairments faced by high order modulation transmission in long haul networks. However, the heavy complexity of Soft Decision (SD) FEC increases the power consumed at the receiver side. We present a technique that adjusts the FEC consumption according to each connection path length and highlight the potential energy saving through a long haul network application.
Anthracene−Pentacene Dyads: Synthesis and OFET Characterization (2020)

The synthesis of a series of unsymmetrical derivatives of pentacene appended with functionalized anthracene moieties is reported. These anthracene-pentacene dyads have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry to examine their electronic properties. X-ray crystallographic analysis was used to examine the solid-state features of anthracene-pentacene dyads 1 a-d with H-, F-, Cl-, and Br- substituents on the 9-position of anthracene, and shows that the packing arrangement of anthracene-pentacene derivatives 1 b,d,e are remarkably similar irrespective of the presence of fluoride, bromide or methyl substituents. The pentacene-anthracene dyads have been incorporated into OTFTs to evaluate their semiconducting properties. The pentacene derivative 1 b shows ambipolar behavior using AlO<sub>x</sub> C<sub>14</sub> PA as the gate dielectric (electron and hole mobilities of 7.6 ⋅ 10<sup>-3</sup> and 1.6 ⋅ 10<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ), while performance of all derivatives was poor using p-doped Silicon as the substrate. These studies highlight the importance of thin-film formation over molecular structure.
Efficient Representation and Processing of Incomplete Information (2006)

Database systems often have to deal with incomplete information as the world they model is not always complete. This is a frequent case in data integration applications, scientific databases, or in scenarios where information is manually entered and constains errors or ambiguity. In the las couple of decades different formalisms have been proposed for representing incomplete information. These include, among other, the so called realtions with or-sets, tables with variables (v-tables) and conditional tables (c-tables). However, none of the current approaches for representing incomple information has satisfied the requirements for a powerful and effcient data management system, which is the reason why none has found application in practice. All models generally suffer from at least one of two weaknesses. Either they are not strong enough for representing results of simple queries, as is the case for v-tables and realtions with or-sets, or the handling and processing of the data, e.g. for query evaluation, is intractable (as is the case for c-tables). In this thesis, e present a decomposition-based approach to addressing the problem of incompletely specified databases. we introduce world-set decompositions (WSDs), a space-efficient formalism for repreenting any finite set of possible worlds over relational algebra queries on WSDs. For each relational algebra operation we present an algorithm operting on WSDs. We also address the problem of data cleaning in the context of world set decompositions. We present a modified version of the existing Chase algorithm, which we use to remove inconsistent worlds in an incompletely specified database. We evaluate our techniques in a large census data scenario with data originating from the 1990 USA census and we show that data processing on WSDs is both scalable and efficient.
Vertical distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa in a podzol soil profile (2003)

• Studies of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in forest soils are usually restricted to the uppermost organic horizons. Boreal forest podzols are highly stratified and little is known about the vertical distribution of ectomycorrhizal communities in the underlying mineral horizons. • Ectomycorrhizal root tips were sampled from seven horizons in three continuous columns of a 52-cm deep podzol profile. Root tips were sorted into morphological groups and the colonising fungi identified by sequencing of the rDNA ITS region. The vertical distribution of mycorrhizal taxa was examined. • A relationship between ectomycorrhizal species composition and soil horizon was found. Tomentellopsis submollis, three Piloderma species and Dermocybe spp. were found predominantly in the upper horizons while Suillus luteus, Lactarius utilis and three undescribed Piloderma species were associated with the mineral horizons. • Two thirds of the root tips were found in the mineral soil and half of the taxa were restricted to the mineral horizons. The results highlight the need to include the mineral soil in order to gain a more accurate representation of the ectomycorrhizal community.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Efficacy of RG7787, a Next-Generation Mesothelin-Targeted Immunotoxin, against Triple-Negative Breast and Gastric Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2. Demonstrates no activity of a control non-binding immunotoxin in vitro and in vivo&lt;/p&gt;
Management of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer: challenges in clinical practice (2023)

Lung cancer is prevalent in IPF. Management of patients with IPF and lung cancer is challenging. A consensus statement aiming to attenuate confusion is greatly anticipated.
Antacid Pharmacology in Duodenal Ulcer (1966)

THE value of antacid drugs in the management of duodenal (and gastric) ulcer is controversial. Some consider antacids the keystone of medical therapy,1 others believe that they are of doubtful value,2 , 3 and some do not use them at all.4 Much of the skepticism concerning antacids, even among those who regard them as valuable, is related to their short duration of action (twenty to forty minutes), which in turn is related to the rapidity of gastric emptying. For instance, it has been estimated that a single 4-gm. dose of calcium carbonate is enough to neutralize all the gastric acid secreted by . . .
Alcohol Impairs the Myeloid Proliferative Response to Bacteremia in Mice by Inhibiting the Stem Cell Antigen-1/ERK Pathway (2012)

Enhancement of stem cell Ag-1 (Sca-1) expression by myeloid precursors promotes the granulopoietic response to bacterial infection. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. ERK pathway activation strongly enhances proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the role of Sca-1 in promoting ERK-dependent myeloid lineage proliferation and the effects of alcohol on this process. Thirty minutes after i.p. injection of alcohol, mice received i.v. challenge with 5 × 10(7) Escherichia coli for 8 or 24 h. A subset of mice received i.v. BrdU injection 20 h after challenge. Bacteremia increased Sca-1 expression, ERK activation, and proliferation of myeloid and granulopoietic precursors. Alcohol administration suppressed this response and impaired granulocyte production. Sca-1 expression positively correlated with ERK activation and cell cycling, but negatively correlated with myeloperoxidase content in granulopoietic precursors. Alcohol intoxication suppressed ERK activation in granulopoietic precursors and proliferation of these cells during bacteremia. Granulopoietic precursors in Sca-1(-/-) mice failed to activate ERK signaling and could not increase granulomacrophagic CFU activity following bacteremia. These data indicate that Sca-1 expression promotes ERK-dependent myeloid cell proliferation during bacteremia. Suppression of this response could represent an underlying mechanism for developing myelosuppression in alcohol-abusing hosts with severe bacterial infection.
Color image denoising using e-neighborhood Gaussian model (2010)

This paper presents a novel denoising algorithm for color images. It is difficult to reduce color noise at high speed without losing image details. To solve this problem, the proposed method employs maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation based on a Gaussian model in ε-neighborhood of the pixel and CIELAB color space. Using the correlation between RGB components in ε-neighborhood, color noise is reduced efficiently. Computational complexity is low because the method consists of non-iterative filtering and simple matrix operations. Experiments confirm that the proposed method preserves more image details, delivers PSNR close to state-of-the-art denoising algorithms, and involves less computation.