gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Oversulphated Chondroitin Sulphate and Dermatan Sulphate in unfractionated heparin by (1)H-NMR - Collaborative study for quantification and analytical determination of LoD. (2008)

Oversulphated Chondroitin Sulphate (OSCS) and Dermatan Sulphate (DS) in unfractionated heparins can be identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). The limit of detection (LoD) of OSCS is 0.1% relative to the heparin content. This LoD is obtained at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 2000:1 of the heparin methyl signal. Quantification is best obtained by comparing peak heights of the OSCS and heparin methyl signals. Reproducibility of less than 10% relative standard deviation (RSD) has been obtained. The accuracy of quantification was good.
The backdoor key: a path to understanding problem hardness (2004)

We introduce our work on the backdoor key, a concept that shows promise for characterizing problem hardness in back-tracking search algorithms. The general notion of backdoors was recently introduced to explain the source of heavy-tailed behaviors in backtracking algorithms (Williams, Gomes, &amp;amp; Selman 2003a; 2003b). We describe empirical studies that show that the key faction,i.e., the ratio of the key size to the corresponding backdoor size, is a good predictor of problem hardness of ensembles and individual instances within an en-semble for structure domains with large key fraction.
Pharmacology of SC-52458, an Orally Active, Nonpeptide Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Antagonist (1993)

We describe the pharmacologic properties of SC-52458, 5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-[2-(1H-tetrazol - 5-ylphenyl)]pyridine, a novel nonpeptide angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonist. SC-52458 was a potent inhibitor of [125I]AII binding to AT1 receptors in rat adrenal cortex and uterine smooth muscle membranes (IC50 values of 2.8 and 6.9 nM, respectively). Contraction of rabbit aortic rings by AII was antagonized by SC-52458 in a competitive and reversible manner (pA2 of 8.18). SC-52458 had no effect on the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or renin in vitro. In normotensive rats, administration of SC-52458, either intravenously (i.v.) or by gavage, inhibited the pressor response to AII. Daily treatment with SC-52458 at 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg by gavage for 4 days decreased blood pressure (BP) in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Further studies in renal-artery ligated rats and sodium-deficient dogs demonstrated that oral administration of SC-52458 decreased BP and that this activity was correlated with significant plasma levels of the compound. SC-52458 is an orally active, competitive AT1-receptor antagonist with antihypertensive properties.
Analysis of cavitating flow structure by experimental and numerical investigations (2007)

The unsteady structure of cavitating flows is investigated by coupled experimental and numerical means. Experiments focus on the structure and dynamics of sheet cavitation on the upper side of a two-dimensional foil section in the ENSTA cavitation tunnel. Various flow conditions are investigated by varying the pressure, the flow velocity, and the incidence of the foil section. High-frequency local measurements of volume fractions of the vapour phase are performed inside the liquid/vapour mixture by a X-ray absorption method. The numerical approach is based on a macroscopic formulation of the balance equations for a two-phase flow. The assumptions required by this formulation are detailed and they are shown to be common to almost all the models used to simulate cavitating flows. In the present case we apply a single-fluid model associated with a barotropic state law that governs the mixture density evolution. Numerical simulations are performed at the experimental conditions and the results are compared to the experimental data. A reliable agreement is obtained for the internal structure of the cavity for incidence varying between 3° and 6°. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of partial and transitional instabilities, and to the effects of the interaction between the two sides of the foil section.
Synthesis and reactions of phosphine-boranes. Synthesis of new bidentate ligands with homochiral phosphine centers via optically pure phosphine-boranes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactions of phosphine-boranes. Synthesis of new bidentate ligands with homochiral phosphine centers via optically pure phosphine-boranesTsuneo Imamoto, Toshiyuki Oshiki, Takashi Onozawa, Tetsuo Kusumoto, and Kazuhiko SatoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 13, 5244–5252Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00169a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6221Altmetric-Citations385LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic Surface Tension in Concentrated Solutions of CnEm Surfactants:  A Comparison between the Theory and Experiment (2000)

Dynamic surface tension (DST) measurements have been carried out with a series of CnE6-type surfactants with varying alkyl chain length (n = 10−16). Major emphasis has been placed on the DST relaxation in complex solutions containing both the micellar and monomer forms of surfactant. This paper also provides a step-by-step guidance to the theoretical interpretation of DST data for micellar solutions. Distributions of monomers and micelles in the vicinity of the gas/liquid interface, adsorption kinetics, and DST relaxation curves have been simulated in the framework of the Fainerman theory (Fainerman, V. B. Kolloid Z. 1981, 43, 94) explicitly allowing for monomer/micelle interconversation. A thorough numerical analysis has shown that although the Fainerman theory can follow the general experimental trends, it clearly lacks the flexibility needed to provide a self-consistent and quantitatively correct description of the process. Possible reasons for this disagreement are discussed.
CATT as a non-chemical pest and nematode control method in strawberry mother planting stock1 (2014)

Until 2008 methyl bromide (MeBr) was used in The Netherlands for fumigation of strawberry runners, intended as mother planting stock, to make them free of contamination by strawberry tarsonemid mites (Phytonemus pallidus). As an alternative of MeBr fumigation a 48 h CATT method was developed and scaled up by Wageningen UR in cooperation with the plant propagating association Plantum. This results in an excellent disinfection and a mortality of 99.8% of the strawberry tarsonemid mite. This method provides a healthy production of highly qualified strawberry runners in the field. From 2009 CATT is up scaled to a commercial level and widely applied by Dutch nurseries. In 2011 this CATT method was successfully modified to eradicate also root knot nematodes Meloidogyne hapla (>99.7% mortality), which was not effectively controlled by MeBr fumigation. For an effective killing of the root knot nematodes, temperature must be raised to 40 C. In several experiments the optimum for a high mortality of both tarsonemids and nematodes was studied. This leads into an adapted CATT of 20 hours at a temperature of 35 C and 50% CO 2 followed by 20 hours at a temperature of 40 C. In 2012 this adapted CATT was successfully upgraded and tested under field conditions.
Transfer of dynamic motor skills acquired during isometric training to free motion (2017)

Recent studies have explored the prospects of learning to move without moving, by displaying virtual arm movement related to exerted force. However, it has yet to be tested whether learning the dynamics of moving can transfer to the corresponding movement. Here we present a series of experiments that investigate this isometric training paradigm. Subjects were asked to hold a handle and generate forces as their arms were constrained to a static position. A precise simulation of reaching was used to make a graphic rendering of an arm moving realistically in response to the measured interaction forces and simulated environmental forces. Such graphic rendering was displayed on a horizontal display that blocked their view to their actual (statically constrained) arm and encouraged them to believe they were moving. We studied adaptation of horizontal, planar, goal-directed arm movements in a velocity-dependent force field. Our results show that individuals can learn to compensate for such a force field in a virtual environment and transfer their new skills to the actual free motion condition, with performance comparable to practice while moving. Such nonmoving techniques should impact various training conditions when moving may not be possible.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study provided early evidence supporting that training movement skills without moving is possible. In contrast to previous studies, our study involves <i>1</i>) exploiting cross-modal sensory interactions between vision and proprioception in a motionless setting to teach motor skills that could be transferable to a corresponding physical task, and <i>2</i>) evaluates the movement skill of controlling muscle-generated forces to execute arm movements in the presence of external forces that were only virtually present during training.
A Liquid-Crystalline Silsesquioxane Dendrimer Exhibiting Chiral Nematic and Columnar Mesophases (2001)

A hexadecamer, first-generation, octasilsesquioxane liquid-crystalline dendrimer was synthesized by a platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction of the parent first-generation vinyl octasilsesquioxane dendrimer with a modified, laterally substituted mesogen. The structure and purity of the octasilsesquioxane substrate was confirmed by 1H, 13C, and 29 Si NMR spectroscopy, microanalysis, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The mesogenic substrate was found to exhibit only a chiral nematic phase, whereas the resulting hexadecamer dendrimer displays enantiotropic chiral nematic, disordered hexagonal columnar, and disordered rectangular columnar phases, with a glass transition below room temperature. The lateral or side-on attachment of the mesogen to the dendritic core was found to be a key design feature in the formation of the mesophases.
A Variation-Adaptive Integrated Computational Digital LDO in 22nm CMOS with Fast Transient Response (2019)

A variation-adaptive computational digital low-dropout regulator (DLDO) uses an event-driven computational controller (CC) to compute the required number of power gates to regulate the output voltage for any load/reference transient. The self-calibrated CC ensures a 2-asynchronous-event-cycle settling time independent of the load/V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</sub> range. Measurements of a 22nm CMOS testchip demonstrate >20X faster settling time and >6X lower droop magnitude than a conventional linear controller (LC) based LDO.
Implications from pre-straining experiments on emerging kink-based models for anomalous flow in L12alloys (1995)

Abstract We re-examine an experiment on the transient behaviour of Ni3Al which demonstrates that the anomalous flow stress is thermally reversible in the small-strain yielding regime. Further, we discuss the phenomenon within emerging kink-based models for the flow-stress anomaly in an effort to highlight critical aspects of these models which need further attention. Specimens from a Ni-22.9 at. % Al single crystal, having an orientation near (001), were pre-strained at 873 K and additionally strained at 300 K. The flow properties of this crystal were compared to those from a crystal strained at 300 K alone. Both crystals were examined using transmission electron microscopy. In the small-strain flow regime, the flow stress anomaly is reversible. Pre-straining at a higher temperature before room-temperature deformation shows little memory of the pre-straining during the yield transient, even though TEM observations show that many Kear-Wilsdorf locks are retained in the substructure. Microscopic examination also reveals the presence of a second dislocation structure, characteristic of the low-temperature deformation, in selected regions of thin foils from the pre-strained sample. This observation demands that some part of the substructure recovers extremely rapidly, if not instantly upon changing temperature and (or) unloading. We suggest that future models must consider the full behaviour of all dislocation loop characters and character junctions in accomplishing the thermally reversible transition from the elastic regime, through the microstrain regime, to flow.
CMOS Scaling Trends and Beyond (2017)

Scaling transistors and following Moore's law have served the industry well for more than 50 years in providing integrated circuits that are denser, cheaper, higher performance, and lower power. And despite occasional reports of its demise, Moore's law is alive and well. But progress in scaling CMOS has not come easily. We've had to continually invent and introduce new materials and new device structures to deliver the performance, power, and cost improvements expected of each new technology generation. This article describes trends in CMOS scaling over the past decade and discusses some of the new device options and technology directions being explored to continue scaling into the future.
Coating nanosized iron oxide particles on submicrospherical alumina by a sonochemical method (1998)

Z. Zhong, Y. Zhao, Y. Koltypin and A. Gedanken, J. Mater. Chem., 1998, 8, 2167 DOI: 10.1039/A804759F
Interleukin 10 protects mice against staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced lethal shock (1993)

We investigated the ability of interleukin 10 (IL-10) to protect mice against lethal shock induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Treatment of mice with IL-10 prevented the death of mice injected with SEB in a dose-dependent manner. IL-10-mediated protection was apparent when administered either prior to or concurrent with SEB but was less effective when administered following SEB injection. This observation indicates that IL-10 is capable of regulating T-cell activation in vivo.
Inductively coupled plasmas in oxygen: Modeling and experiment (2003)

Simulation results and experimental measurements in an oxygen ICP are used to examine transport and reaction in oxygen inductively coupled plasmas. The trends of plasma characteristics with pressure and rf power are considered. We show that the balance between gas phase O2 dissociation and surface O recombination controls the plasma characteristics under the investigated conditions. Neutral density profiles are primarily the result of diffusive transport in balance with fast surface reactions. According to the model, the O(1D), O2(a1Δ), and O2(b1Σ) metastable states play an important role in dissociation, ionization, and attachment kinetics. The O(1S) metastable is not kinetically important.
Modal frequencies of fiber-reinforced polymer pipes with wall-thinning using a wavelet-based finite element model (2014)

Wall-thinning due to chemical reactions, heat, erosion, or a combination of such influences is the most dominant type of internal surface damage in piping systems. In order to examine the effect of wall-thinning on the natural frequencies, the elastodynamic model of the fiber-reinforced polymer pipe is formulated using a wavelet-based finite element method. In this context, a new set of Hermite shape functions is developed. The generalized eigen value problem is solved and the natural frequencies are obtained for an fiber-reinforced polymer pipe with different depths and locations of the wall-thinning. Moreover, the effect of wall-thinning on the modal frequencies of the pipe was verified experimentally. Both the analytical and experimental results demonstrate the potential of using vibration signature to detect internal surface damage in fiber-reinforced polymer pipes.
The Polycomb Group Protein EZH2 Is Required for Mammalian Circadian Clock Function (2006)

We examined the importance of histone methylation by the polycomb group proteins in the mouse circadian clock mechanism. Endogenous EZH2, a polycomb group enzyme that methylates lysine 27 on histone H3, co-immunoprecipitates with CLOCK and BMAL1 throughout the circadian cycle in liver nuclear extracts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed EZH2 binding and di- and trimethylation of H3K27 on both the Period 1 and Period 2 promoters. A role of EZH2 in cryptochrome-mediated transcriptional repression of the clockwork was supported by overexpression and RNA interference studies. Serum-induced circadian rhythms in NIH 3T3 cells in culture were disrupted by transfection of an RNA interfering sequence targeting EZH2. These results indicate that EZH2 is important for the maintenance of circadian rhythms and extend the activity of the polycomb group proteins to the core clockwork mechanism of mammals.
Smurf (Semantically Marked Up Record Format) Profile (2018)

The purpose of this report is to describe SMURF (semantically marked up record format) profile, which includes ERMS (electronic records management systems) and SFSB (simple file-system based) records as described below. When extracting information from a producer’s system one has the choice of two generic options: 1. Extracting data in a relational database structure Extracting data from a relational database into a long-term preservation format (SIARD) that preserves the properties of the relational database so that the data can be imported into a relational database management system (RDBMS) on Access. Access can happen via database queries or via a search field. The main access use cases are: a. The producer wishes to retrieve their data for business purposes and/or re-use. b. The consumer wishes to consult the data for purposes of research. c. The archivist wishes to retrieve the data for professional treatment: to check and, if necessary perform preservation actions, etc. More information about this option can be read in the SIARD 2.0 Profile Specification. 2. Extracting data and metadata as records Extract the records and normalise them to a standard E-ARK XML format. This means that the records are semantically marked up using metadata. Being technically valid and complying with this specification makes them directly accessible for validation, data management, indexing and searching. Their structured semantic metadata description is explicit rather than hidden inside a RDBS. The representation of descriptive metadata inside the archive can be in the E-ARK SMURF AIP format and/or another native archive format. The main advantages over the RDBS representation are that: o Records from different sources can be merged. o Search and access is possible across all records from all sources. o Records can be managed and accessed uniformly. o The original database / records system software does not need to be licensed and preserved.
Diperamycin, a New Antimicrobial Antibiotic Produced by Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus MK393-AF2. I. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Physico-chemical Properties and Biological Activities. (1998)

Antibacterial antibiotics, diperamycin (1) was produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus MK393-AF2. Various spectroscopic analyses of 1 suggested that 1 belonged to a member of cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic.Antibiotic 1 had potent inhibitory activity against various Gram-positive bacteria including Enterococcus seriolicida and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Intracellular Trafficking of an Antibody Bipolar Bridged Complex of HSV‐1 gE‐gI, IgG, and a Viral Antigen (2013)

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV‐1) glycoproteins, gE and gI, mimic a human Fc‐receptor to hinder host immune responses. gE‐gI binds the Fc region of human IgG (hIgG), which can be internalized and released into endocytic organelles. gE‐gI also mediates antibody bipolar bridging (ABB), a process whereby IgG Fabs bind an antigen while its Fc region binds to gE‐gI. The cellular fate of the ABB complex is unknown. Here, we engineered an in vitro system to determine whether ABB complexes are internalized and degraded in host cells. Human cell lines transiently expressing gE‐gI and an HSV‐1 antigen, gD, normally localized at the cell surface of HSV‐1 virions and infected cells, were incubated with two forms of a monoclonal IgG anti‐gD antibody: one with human Fc to allow ABB and one with mouse Fc, a control which binds gD but not gE‐gI and cannot enable ABB. A hIgG against an irrelevant antigen was used as another non ABB control. 4D time‐lapse confocal fluorescence data indicate that gD is internalized in an ABB specific fashion and internalization is dependent upon gE‐gI. Internalized hIgGs bound to a surface viral antigen were targeted to lysosomes and biochemical analysis of enriched lysosomal compartments revealed degraded gD. These results suggest that gE‐gI plays an active role in clearing the infected cell surface of both host IgG and viral antigens, providing HSV‐1 with a mechanism to evade immune responses.
Cavity-Enhanced Photon Emission from a Single Germanium-Vacancy Center in a Diamond Membrane (2020)

The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond has been explored extensively as a light-matter interface for quantum information applications, however, it is limited by low coherent photon emission and spectral instability. Here, we present a promising interface based on an alternative defect with superior optical properties (the germanium-vacancy) coupled to a finesse-11 000 fiber cavity, resulting in a ${31}_{\ensuremath{-}15}^{+11}$-fold increase in the spectral density of zero-phonon-line emission. This work sets the stage for cryogenic experiments, where we predict a measurable increase in the spontaneous emission rate.
Depth-encoded spectral domain phase microscopy for simultaneous multisite nanoscale optical measurements of nerve activation (2009)

Spectral Domain Phase Microscopy (SDPM) is a recent extension of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SDOCT) that exploits the extraordinary phase stability of spectrometer-based systems with common-path geometry to resolve sub-wavelength displacements within a sample volume. This technique has been implemented for high resolution axial displacement and velocity measurements in biological samples, but since axial displacement information is acquired serially, has been unable to measure fast temporal dynamics in extended samples. Depth-Encoded SDPM (DESDPM) uses multiple sample arms with unevenly spaced common path reference reflectors to multiplex independent SDPM signals from separate lateral positions on a sample simultaneously using a single interferometer, thus limiting the time required to detect unique optical events to the integration time of the detector. The minimum measured sample displacements determined from the standard deviation of the detected phase as a function of time two ideal reflectors were 407 and 730 pm. Heat-induced expansion in a microscope slide was measured at two sites simultaneously. A 51 ms delay in 50% rise time of the surface displacement was measured. Further application of this technique to biological samples could yield insight into temporal dynamics of activation signals.