gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cover Image, Volume 173A, Number 2, February 2017 (2017)

The cover image, by Carl Ernst et al., is based on the Original Article Implication of LRRC4C and DPP6 in neurodevelopmental disorders, DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38021.
Inhomogeneous aging of cathode materials in commercial 18650 lithium ion battery cells (2021)

To understand the relationships among first life use case, battery state of health, and end-of-life condition, the materials in commercial 18650 Li-ion cells were aged using prolonged cycling under different conditions and subsequently harvested and analyzed. In particular, different charge termination protocols and temperatures were applied to potential-limited galvanostatic cycling over 1000 cycles. Relationships between observed aging phenomenon and cycling conditions were explored at the cell and cathode materials level. We noted area-specific inhomogeneities in cathode cycled under constant current charge protocol at 25 °C while such inhomogeneity was not observed in three other conditions. The mechanism behind the cathode inhomogeneity was discussed in the context of uneven growth of a secondary solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode surface occuring during constant-current charge protocol at 25 °C.
PPM model cleaning (2003)

The prediction by partial matching (PPM) algorithm uses a cumulative frequency count of input symbols in different contexts to estimate its probability distribution. Compression ratios yielded by the PPM algorithm have not instigated broader use of this scheme mainly because of its high demand for computational resources. An algorithm that improves the memory usage by the PPM model is presented. The algorithm identifies and removes portions of the PPM model, which are not contributing toward better modeling of the input data. As a result, our algorithm improves the average compression ratio up to 7% under the memory limitation constraint at the expense of increased computation. Under the constraint of maintaining the same level of compression ratios, the algorithm reduces the memory usage up to 70%.
Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyurethane Composites with Modified Carbon–Polymer Interface (2017)

Carbon fiber-reinforced polyurethane composites were received by means of technique, which includes modification of polyurethane–carbon fiber interface. The modification was done by carbon nanotube grafting onto a surface of the fiber. A sophisticated grafting technique allowed to avoid almost inevitable grafting-induced deterioration of the fiber properties. The technique implies the introduction of an intermediate protective aluminum oxide layer. The measurement of interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was used for estimation of polymer–fiber interface properties. It was shown that IFSS doubled due to nanotube grafting. The enhancement of both thermal conductivity and mechanical properties including delamination resistance was registered for composites with the modified interface, which allows to state that the resulting materials can be considered as novel flexible composites.
Synthesis of bulk-size transparent gadolinium oxide–polymer nanocomposites for gamma ray spectroscopy (2013)

Heavy element loaded polymer composites have long been proposed to detect high energy X- and γ-rays upon scintillation. The previously reported bulk composite scintillators have achieved limited success because of the diminished light output resulting from fluorescence quenching and opacity. We demonstrate the synthesis of a transparent nanocomposite comprising gadolinium oxide nanocrystals uniformly dispersed in bulk-size samples at a high loading content. The strategy to avoid luminescence quenching and opacity in the nanocomposite was successfully deployed, which led to the radioluminescence light yield of up to 27 000/MeV, about twice as much as standard commercial plastic scintillators. Nanocomposites monoliths (14 mm diameter by 3 mm thickness) with 31 wt% loading of nanocrystals generated a photoelectric peak for Cs-137 gamma (662 keV) with 11.4% energy resolution.
Gloss-Based Semantic Similarity Metrics for Predominant Sense Acquisition (2008)

In recent years there have been various approaches aimed at automatic acquisition of predominant senses of words. This information can be exploited as a powerful backoff strategy for word sense disambiguation given the zipfian distribution of word senses. Approaches which do not require manually sense-tagged data have been proposed for English exploiting lexical resources available, notably WordNet. In these approaches distributional similarity is coupled with a semantic similarity measure which ties the distributionally related words to the sense inventory. The semantic similarity measures that have been used have all taken advantage of the hierarchical information in WordNet. We investigate the applicability to Japanese and demonstrate the feasibility of a measure which uses only information in the dictionary definitions, in contrast with previous work on English which uses hierarchical information in addition to dictionary definitions. We extend the definition based semantic similarity measure with distributional similarity applied to the words in different definitions. This increases the recall of our method and in some cases, precision as well. 1
Accurate Measurement of the Exciton Diffusion Length in a Conjugated Polymer Using a Heterostructure with a Side-Chain Cross-Linked Fullerene Layer (2005)

Exciton diffusion and photoluminescence quenching in conjugated polymer/fullerene heterostructures are studied by time-resolved photoluminescence. It is observed that heterostructures consisting of a spin-coated poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV)-based derivative and evaporated C60 are ill-defined because of diffusion of C60 into the polymer, leading to an overestimation of the exciton diffusion length. This artifact is resolved by the use of a novel, thermally side-chain polymerizing and cross-linking fullerene derivative (F2D) containing two diacetylene moieties, forming a completely immobilized electron acceptor layer. With this heterostructure test system, an exciton diffusion length of 5 +/- 1 nm is derived for this PPV derivative from time-integrated luminescence quenching data.
Pyroelectric, piezoelectric and photoeffects in hydroxyapatite thin films on silicon (2011)

Tofail et al. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> have found that the dipole of HA is the hydroxyl (OH) ion, which lies along the crystallographic c-axis within the tunnel formed by phosphate (PO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) tetrahedra. In adjacent tunnels, the OH ions could point in a parallel direction or in an anti-parallel one. We believe that the high-temperature calcination crystallized the HA film on silicon and converted most of the OH pairs to a parallel configuration. Thus the HA developed a domain structure with randomly oriented dipoles. Upon cooling, sufficient domains reoriented in polarity so as to result in a net polar structure. This is due to the crystalline character of the silicon substrate and texturing. The photocurrent is caused by the silicon alone.
Resistivity of copper interconnects beyond the 7 nm node (2015)

The resistivity of damascene copper is measured at pitch ranging down to 40 nm and copper cross-sectional area as low as 140 nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Metallization by copper reflow is demonstrated at 28 nm pitch with patterning by directed self-assembly (DSA). Extremely low line-edge-roughness (LER) is attained by surface reconstruction of a single crystal silicon mask. Variation of LER is found to have no impact on resistivity. A resistivity benefit is found for wires with nearly bamboo grain structure, offering the promise of improved performance beyond the 7 nm node if grain size can be controlled.
EUS Guided natural orifice tranvisceral endoscopic surgical (NOTES) approach to retroperitoneum (2006)

Background: To date, novel NOTES techniques have primarily addressed organs in the peritoneal cavity. NOTES approaches to the retroperitoneum could lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to pancreatic diseases. AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and develop EUS guided NOTES techniques to access the pancreas. Methods: EUS guided NOTES access through the posterior gastric wall was attempted in 5 pigs. Different access techniques were tested using a curvilinear array echoendoscope. The techniques were further modified based on experience. In technique 1, the pancreas was identified by EUS and a needle knife was used to create a freehand gastrotomy. In technique 2, a 22 gauge EUS-FNA needle was used to penetrate the gastric wall and inject a 30 cc cushion of fluid prior to a free hand needle knife gastrotomy. In technique 3, a 19 gauge EUS-FNA needle was used to penetrate the gastric wall, inject a fluid cushion, pass a guidewire, followed by enlargement of the tract with electrocautery and balloon dilation. Success was subsequently assessed by performing open laparotomy and examining the NOTES gastrotomy and retroperitoneal area. Results: All 3 approaches succeeded in EUS guided posterior gastrotomies. Only technique 3 provided directed entry, confirmed by India ink injected at time of NOTES access. Technique 1 was of limited utility because of the inability to control depth of puncture and avoid thermal injury. Both techniques 1 and 2 resulted in peritoneal entry despite a successful posterior gastrotomy, partially related to the pig stomach, which rotates freely. Conclusions: EUS-FNA guided transgastric fluid injection followed by tract dilation over a guide-wire was the most promising NOTES approach to the retroperitoneum. EUS specific accessories that can penetrate the gastric wall more perpendicularly and successful gastrotomy closure techniques need to be developed.
Photoluminescence of Dense Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide Thin Films: Effect of Doping and Thickness and Relation to Gas Sensing (2011)

The photoluminescence (PL) of dense nanocrystalline (anatase) TiO(2) thin films is reported as a function of calcination temperature, thickness, and tungsten and nickel doping. The dependence of the optical absorption, Raman spectra, and PL spectra on heat treatment and dopants reveals the role of oxygen vacancies, crystallinity, and phase transformation in the performance of TiO(2) films used as gas sensors. The broad visible PL from defect states of compact and undoped TiO(2) films is found to be much brighter and less sensitive to the presence of oxygen than that of mesoporous films. The dense nanocrystalline grains and the nanoparticles comprising the mesoporous film are comparable in size, demonstrating the importance of film morphology and carrier transport in determining the intensity of defect photoluminescence. At higher calcination temperatures, the transformation to rutile results in the appearance of a dominant near-infrared peak. This characteristic change in the shape of the PL spectra demonstrates efficient capture of conduction band electrons by the emerging rutile phase. The W-doped samples show diminished PL with quenching on the red side of the emission spectrum occurring at lower concentration and eventual disappearance of the PL at higher W concentration. The results are discussed within the context of the performance of the TiO(2) thin films as CO gas sensors and the chemical nature of luminescent defects.
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Natural Killer Cells Are Essential for the Ability of BRAF Inhibitors to Control BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>-Mutant Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-4. Supplementary Figure 1. LWT1 melanoma is sensitive to PLX4720 inhibition. Supplementary Figure 2. Anti-metastatic effects of PLX4720 requires NK cells. Supplementary Figure 3. PLX4720 does not increases IFN-γ production by NK cells. Supplementary Figure 4. PLX4720 does not increase NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.&lt;/p&gt;
Remote monitoring in peritoneal dialysis: benefits on clinical outcomes and on quality of life (2020)

RM improved clinical outcomes in PD patients, reducing the emergency visits and the hospitalizations, related to nephrological problems, especially in patients with higher comorbidity score. The acceptance and satisfaction of care were better in patients monitored with RM than with standard APD.
Supplementary Information from Exosome-Derived miR-25-3p and miR-92a-3p Stimulate Liposarcoma Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Detailed information about patients (A) and control group (B)used in the discovery set; Supplementary Table S2. Detailed information about patients (A) and control group (B) used in the validation set; Supplementary Table S3. Detailed information about cancer tissue (A) and normal adjacent tissue (B) analyzed; Supplementary Table S4. Detailed information about additional patients whose tissues have been analyzed by immunohistochemistry (not previously reported); Supplementary Figure S1. Peripheral blood-derived EVs characterization (Nanosight); Supplementary Figure S2. LPS- secreted EVs characterization (Nanosight); Supplementary Figure S3. Expression levels of miR-25-3p and miR-92a-3p in EVs and LPS tissues; Supplementary Figure S4. Western blot analysis for phospho-p65; Supplementary Figure S5. miR-25-3p and miR-92a-3p stimulate the secretion of TNFα from macrophages&lt;/p&gt;
Growth delay of human bladder cancer cells by Prostate Stem Cell Antigen downregulation is associated with activation of immune signaling pathways (2010)

These experiments established for the first time a correlation between the level of PSCA expression and tumor growth and suggest a role of PSCA in counteracting the natural immune response.
Predict sandstone distribution by integrated study of deformed shale using borehole image and seismic data, a case study from northern Gulf of Mexico (2020)

Many Upper Tertiary reservoirs from the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are sandstones deposited either in channel-levee systems or lobe systems in the intra-slope deepwater environment. One of the major uncertainties about those reservoirs is their distribution, which is likely controlled by salt tectonics. The current salt structure, however, does not represent the salt structure when the sands were deposited. It is difficult, if not impossible, to restore the salt history based on current salt structures. Salt movement resulted in a great amount of deformed shale in GoM. Borehole images on the other hand can be used to characterize the internal structure or texture of deformed shale; and the dips of deformed shale from borehole images may be used to define the paleo slope direction, which controls the movement of deformed shale. The internal structure or texture of deformed shale, therefore, may provide some information about the history of salt movement, which may also control the sand distribution. In this integrated study, all the available data, including borehole images, seismic volumes, and other petrophysical logs, were used to characterize the reservoir sands and shales. The reservoir sands are mainly composed of amalgamated sand, layered sand, and laminated sandstone. Based on dips from borehole images, paleo flow directions of reservoir sands were defined. The shales are categorized as hemipelagic shale and deformed shale. The hemipelagic shale has relatively lower and consistent dips; whereas deformed shale has relatively higher variable in both dip magnitude and dip azimuth. The integrated study suggests the main reservoir of the field is submarine lobe sands deposited above an allochthonous salt in the basin. The evacuation of the salt body below the basin created small geographic lower area for sand lobes to accumulate. The dips from the deformed shale provided information about the center of the small (or mini) basin, thus established a relationship between the dip pattern and sandstone distribution. If this relationship is valid for the other upper Tertiary deformed shale in the GoM area, a new method can be developed, which may enable us to predict the sandstone distribution using borehole images and provide guidance for petroleum evaluation and field development in the future.
Counterexamples to Parametric Convergence in Recursive Networked Identification (2018)

This paper studies a condition for global parametric convergence of a recursive identification algorithm with an output quantizer. The problem is addressed by an analytic calculation of the associated ODE for a low order test model. The ODE is then analysed numerically to investigate the possibilities for proving parametric convergence. The main contribution of the paper shows that a monotone quantizer is not a necessary condition for global parametric convergence to the true parameter vector w.p.1.
Modelling ultrasound guided wave propagation for plate thickness measurement (2014)

Structural Health monitoring refers to monitoring the health of plate-like walls of large reactors, pipelines and other structures in terms of corrosion detection and thickness estimation. The objective of this work is modeling the ultrasonic guided waves generated in a plate. The piezoelectric is excited by an input pulse to generate ultrasonic guided lamb waves in the plate that are received by another piezoelectric transducer. In contrast with existing methods, we develop a mathematical model of the direct component of the signal (DCS) recorded at the terminals of the piezoelectric transducer. The DCS model uses maximum likelihood technique to estimate the different parameters, namely the time delay of the signal due to the transducer delay and amplitude scaling of all the lamb wave modes due to attenuation, while taking into account the received signal spreading in time due to dispersion. The maximum likelihood estimate minimizes the energy difference between the experimental and the DCS model-generated signal. We demonstrate that the DCS model matches closely with experimentally recorded signals and show it can be used to estimate thickness of the plate. The main idea of the thickness estimation algorithm is to generate a bank of DCS model-generated signals, each corresponding to a different thickness of the plate and then find the closest match among these signals to the received signal, resulting in an estimate of the thickness of the plate. Therefore our approach provides a complementary suite of analytics to the existing thickness monitoring approaches.
Variable phenotype expression in a family segregating microdeletions of the NRXN1 and MBD5 autism spectrum disorder susceptibility genes (2017)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition of early childhood onset, which impacts socio-communicative functioning and is principally genetic in etiology. Currently, more than 50 genomic loci are deemed to be associated with susceptibility to ASD, showing <i>de novo</i> and inherited unbalanced copy number variants (CNVs) and smaller insertions and deletions (indels), more complex structural variants (SVs), as well as single nucleotide variants (SNVs) deemed of pathological significance. However, the phenotypes associated with many of these genes are variable, and penetrance is largely unelaborated in clinical descriptions. This case report describes a family harboring two CNV microdeletions, which affect regions of <i>NRXN1</i> and <i>MBD5</i> - each well-established in association with risk of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Although each CNV would likely be categorized as pathologically significant, both genomic alterations are transmitted in this family from an unaffected father to the proband, and shared by an unaffected sibling. This family case illustrates the importance of recognizing that phenotype can vary among exon overlapping variants of the same gene, and the need to evaluate penetrance of such variants in order to properly inform on risks.
Light-Activated Kinases Enable Temporal Dissection of Signaling Networks in Living Cells (2011)

We report a general strategy for creating protein kinases in mammalian cells that are poised for very rapid activation by light. By photoactivating a caged version of MEK1, we demonstrate the specific, rapid, and receptor independent activation of an artificial subnetwork within the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Time-lapse microscopy allowed us to precisely characterize the kinetics of elementary steps in the signaling cascade and provided insight into adaptive feedback and rate-determining processes in the pathway.
A fully-asynchronous low-power framework for GALS NoC integration (2010)

Requiring more bandwidth at reasonable power consumption, new communication infrastructures must provide adequate solutions to guarantee performance during physical integration. In this paper, we propose the design of a low-power asynchronous Network-on-Chip which is implemented in a bottom-up approach using optimized hard-macros. This architecture is fully testable and a new design flow is proposed to overcome CAD tools limitations regarding asynchronous logic. The proposed architecture has been successfully implemented in CMOS 65nm in a complete circuit. It achieves a 550Mflit/s throughput on silicon, and exhibits 86% power reduction compared to an equivalent synchronous NoC version.
Double exchange bias in ferrimagnetic heterostructures (2017)

We report on the magnetic reversal characteristics of exchange coupled ferrimagnetic (FI) $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{b}}_{19}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{81}/\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{b}}_{36}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{64}$ heterostructures. Both layers are amorphous and exhibit strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The investigated heterostructures consist of a Tb-dominated and a Fe-dominated FI layer. Thus, in the magnetic ground state the net moments of the individual layers are oppositely aligned due to antiferromagnetic coupling of Fe and Tb moments. By cooling the system below 160 K, a large positive and negative exchange bias (EB) effect appears for the Tb- and Fe-dominated layers, respectively. The biasing depends only on the initial magnetization state and is neither affected by a cooling field nor by loop cycling. The phenomenon can be explained by the presence of a hard magnetic Fe-dominated interfacial layer, which forms during the sputter deposition process due to interface mixing and resputtering effects. This interfacial layer acts as a pinning layer below a certain temperature, where its coercivity increases to values larger than the accessible magnetic field range. This assumption is further supported by introducing a 0.9-nm-thick Ru spacer layer, which causes the EB effect to vanish. The EB effect was further investigated for a sample series, where the thickness ratio of the two Tb-Fe layers was varied, while keeping the total thickness of the bilayers constant. Only samples where the individual layers are sufficiently thick reveal double shifted loops, indicating the high sensitivity of the observed bias effect with respect to the magnetic properties of the individual layers and their interfacial area.