gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering Solutions to Dendrite Formation in Lithium Anode Based Batteries (2017)

Dendrite formation, resulting in gradual capacity loss culminating in cell shorting and failure is the primary problem preventing large-scale utilization of lithium anodes in lithium-anode based batteries (LABs) (1). The use of lithium metal anodes (LMA) for battery applications is largely hindered by the massive volumetric change and inhomogeneous nucleation associated with lithium plating/deplating. Dendrite formation in lithium is a major stumbling block halting the progress of high energy battery systems such as lithium-sulfur and lithium-air batteries. In this work, a unique approach is used to address both dendritic growth and volumetric changes associated with plating/deplating of large volumes of lithium. Using a Li-rich structurally isomorphous alloys (SIA) with alloying elements specifically forming isomorphous alloy states capable of undergoing lithiation/delithiation without loss in phase and/or crystallographic structure is shown to have stable dendrite-free cycling ( Figure 1 ) for over 200 cycles with capacities of &gt;15 mAh/cm 2 (~1627 mAh/g). This presentation will outline this highly efficient method of storing and removing lithium with no dendritic growth demonstrating its promise for opening new frontiers in high power lithium-anode based battery research. Figure caption: Figure 1: SEM images of the morphology of (a) lithium electrode and (b) Li-SIA electrode cycled at a current density~100 mA/g (125 cycles) (c) Li-SIA electrode cycled at current density~100mA/g (125 cycles). A clear absence of dendritic structures is observed in the Li-SIA electrode. References 1. J. Steiger, Mechanisms of Dendrite Growth in Lithium Metal Batteries, in, Karlsruhe, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Diss., 2015 (2015). Figure 1
Signal Transduction Pathway of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 in Human B Cells Derived from X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Patients (1996)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are functionally similar cytokines. The functional IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) consists of the IL-4R alpha chain (IL-4R alpha) and the IL-2R gamma chain (gamma c), which is shared by the IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 receptors. The functional IL-13R is thought to involve the IL-4R alpha but not gamma c. In this study, we have analyzed activation of members of the Janus tyrosine kinase (Jak) family and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 6 induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells derived from two patients of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, who have mutations of the gamma c gene in the extracellular and intracellular domains. In these B cells, IL-4 failed to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak3 and activation of STAT6, or activation of these molecules was significantly decreased compared with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed normal B cells. In contrast, IL-13 activated STAT6 in these cells as well as normal B cells. However, Jak3 was not activated by IL-13, even in normal B cells. These results clearly indicated that gamma c is essential for activation of Jak3 and STAT6 in the signal transduction pathway of IL-4 in human B cells and that IL-13 does not utilize gamma c but activates STAT6 through an alternative pathway, which is not impaired in B cells of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency patients.
Sex-specific glycosylation of secreted immunomodulatory proteins in the filarial nematode Brugia malayi (2021)

Abstract The extended persistence of filarial nematodes within a host suggests immunomodulatory mechanisms that allow the parasites to resist or evade the host immune response. There is increasing evidence for immunomodulatory glycans expressed by a diversity of parasitic worms. In this study, we integrate multiple layers of the host-parasite interface to investigate the glycome of a model filarial parasite, Brugia malayi . We report a significant overrepresentation of terminal GalNAc moieties in adult female worms coupled with an overall upregulation in O-glycosylation, T-antigen expression, and a bias for galactose containing glycans. Adult males preferentially displayed a bias for terminal GlcNAc containing glycans, and fucosylated epitopes. Subsequent proteomic analysis confirmed sex-biases in protein glycosylation and highlighted the sex-specific glycosylation of well characterized immunomodulators expressed and secreted by B. malayi . We identify sex-specific effectors at that interface and suggest approaches to selectively interfere with the parasitic life cycle and potentially control transmission.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR ISLET ENCAPSULATION WITH BIO-MEMBRANE MIMETIC SYSTEM (2003)

Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 1639 Pierce Drive, WMB 5211, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Prevalence and Clinical Associations of 10 Defined Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type I (2004)

The prevalence of autoantibodies against nine intracellular enzyme autoantigens, namely 21-hydroxylase, side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), 17 alpha-hydroxylase, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), tyrosine hydroxylase, cytochrome P450 1A2, and against the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, was assessed in 90 patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the presence of autoantibodies as independent predictors for different disease manifestations. Reactivities against 21-hydroxylase and SCC were associated with Addison's disease with odds ratios (ORs) of 7.8 and 6.8, respectively. Hypogonadism was exclusively associated with autoantibodies against SCC with an OR of 12.5. Autoantibodies against tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 were associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with an OR of 14.9, but with low sensitivity. Reactivities against TPH and, surprisingly, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, were associated with intestinal dysfunction, with ORs of 3.9 and 6.7, respectively. TPH reactivity was the best predictor for autoimmune hepatitis, with an OR of 27.0. Hypoparathyroidism was not associated with reactivity against any of the autoantigens tested. No reactivity against the calcium-sensing receptor was found. Analysis of autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I patients is a useful tool for establishing autoimmune manifestations of the disease as well as providing diagnosis in patients with suspected disease.
Characterizing Pressure and Flow Rate for Aqueous Immersion Surgery (2015)

Hemorrhage control during surgery remains a major clinical challenge for surgeons. Bleeding can affect the safety and efficacy of any surgical procedure. There are well-established methods to address this side-effect of surgery, but all current technologies require the surgeon to direct attention to hemostasis rather than the continuance of the procedure. We have developed a novel surgical method, titled aqueous immersion surgery (AIS), that is able to sustain a bloodless surgical field by providing a controlled hydraulic pressure (immersion pressure) on the bleeding site. Together with the replenishment of an immersion fluid (immersion flow rate), AIS maintains optical clarity of the surgical field. This numerical study was undertaken to investigate the influence of the rate exchange of the immersion fluid on the concentration of blood, hence optical clarity therein. A 3-dimensional multicomponent simulation was performed to evaluate the mixing of blood from an idealized arterial bleeding vessel under pulsatile conditions. With an increase in immersion pressure, bleeding was reduced and increased perfusion was observed. Additionally, the magnitude and direction of the flow field affected the deflection of the bleeding trajectory and, in turn, affected the removal rate of blood from the surgical field. For an idealized case, an optimal immersion flow rate was found for immersion pressures of 100 and 110 mm Hg. From this study, fluid dynamic guidelines are postulated to support future development of AIS.
ChemInform Abstract: Organolanthanoid‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination/Cyclization of Aminoalkynes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the liquid crystalline semiconductor: 8-TTP-8 (2009)

In this study, the structure and dynamics of a liquid crystalline semiconductor dioctylterthiophene system, 8-TTP-8, were examined by molecular dynamics simulations. We especially focus on the melting transition from the crystal to the liquid crystal smectic G phase. Simulations of the rotational autocorrelation functions show that the transition is characterized by the onset of rotation around the long molecular axis, while maintaining a hexagonal packing within the smectic layers. This implies that the stepwise decrease of the carrier mobility at the melting transition point may be caused by this rotational disordering. We also found the molecular diffusions (at a rate of D~0.9x<sup>-10</sup>m<sup>2</sup>/s) in the simulated SmG phase. All these characteristics of the simulated SmG phase, including the molecular diffusions, are similar to those of a rotator (plastic crystal) phase.
Capacitive neural network with neuro-transistors (2018)

Experimental demonstration of resistive neural networks has been the recent focus of hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing. Capacitive neural networks, which call for novel building blocks, provide an alternative physical embodiment of neural networks featuring a lower static power and a better emulation of neural functionalities. Here, we develop neuro-transistors by integrating dynamic pseudo-memcapacitors as the gates of transistors to produce electronic analogs of the soma and axon of a neuron, with "leaky integrate-and-fire" dynamics augmented by a signal gain on the output. Paired with non-volatile pseudo-memcapacitive synapses, a Hebbian-like learning mechanism is implemented in a capacitive switching network, leading to the observed associative learning. A prototypical fully integrated capacitive neural network is built and used to classify inputs of signals.
Single-cell RNA-Seq of follicular lymphoma reveals malignant B-cell types and coexpression of T-cell immune checkpoints (2018)

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a low-grade B-cell malignancy that transforms into a highly aggressive and lethal disease at a rate of 2% per year. Perfect isolation of the malignant B-cell population from a surgical biopsy is a significant challenge, masking important FL biology, such as immune checkpoint coexpression patterns. To resolve the underlying transcriptional networks of follicular B-cell lymphomas, we analyzed the transcriptomes of 34 188 cells derived from 6 primary FL tumors. For each tumor, we identified normal immune subpopulations and malignant B cells, based on gene expression. We used multicolor flow cytometry analysis of the same tumors to confirm our assignments of cellular lineages and validate our predictions of expressed proteins. Comparison of gene expression between matched malignant and normal B cells from the same patient revealed tumor-specific features. Malignant B cells exhibited restricted immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain expression (either Igκ or Igλ), as well the expected upregulation of the <i>BCL2</i> gene, but also downregulation of the <i>FCER2</i>, <i>CD52</i>, and major histocompatibility complex class II genes. By analyzing thousands of individual cells per patient tumor, we identified the mosaic of malignant B-cell subclones that coexist within a FL and examined the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating T cells. We identified genes coexpressed with immune checkpoint molecules, such as <i>CEBPA</i> and <i>B2M</i> in regulatory T (Treg) cells, providing a better understanding of the gene networks involved in immune regulation. In summary, parallel measurement of single-cell expression in thousands of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can be used to obtain a systems-level view of the tumor microenvironment and identify new avenues for therapeutic development.
4-Times Faster Rising Vpass (10V), 15% Lower Power Vpgm (20V), Wide Output Voltage Range Voltage Generator System for 4-Times Faster 3D-integrated Solid-State Drives (2011)

A wide output voltage, V OUT , range from 10V to 20V voltage generator system is proposed for the 3D-integrated NAND flash Solid-State Drives, SSDs. The circuits are fabricated with the smart mix and match of the 0.18um standard CMOS, the low voltage and high voltage NAND flash memory technologies. The two-stage boost converter is proposed for the program pass voltage, V PASS , in the lower V OUT , 10V, and the heavy load capacitance, C OUT , condition. The measured rising time is four times shorter than the conventional single-stage boost converter [1,2]. In addition, the constant current boosting scheme is proposed for the program voltage, V PGM , in the higher V OUT , 20V, and the light C OUT condition. The power consumption decreases by 15%. As a result, the SSD performance improves by 4 times.
ZIF-derived Co–N–C ORR catalyst with high performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2020)

Metal and nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C) materials have been considered as the most promising non-precious metal oxygen reduction (ORR) catalysts to replace expensive Pt catalysts. Due to high Fenton catalytic activity of Fe element and the resulting instability, Co-based N–C (Co–N–C) catalysts without Fenton catalytic activity should be a worthier ORR catalyst being explored. Although the high ORR activity of Co–N–C catalyst has been demonstrated in aqueous half-cell tests, their performance under PEMFC working condition is still far away from that of state-of-the-art Fe–N–C catalysts. In this study, a high-performance Co–N–C catalyst was synthesized by one-step pyrolyzing Co-doped ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8) particles in-situ grown on the high-surface-area KJ600 carbon black with high electronic conductivity. The resulting Co–N–C catalyst exhibited high intrinsic ORR activity, fast mass transfer rate and high electronic conductivity, and thus yielded a remarkable peak power density of 0.92 W cm-2 in H2–O2 PEMFC, which is comparable to state-of-the-art Fe–N–C catalyst. This strategy is helpful to synthesize highly active M-N-C ORR catalysts with improved mass transfer and electric conductivity.
Polyclonality of the Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response to Virus Infection (1992)

For many years, it has been known that certain viral infections induce a polyclonal B cell activation that can lead to the generation of antibody against self-antigens and nonviral foreign antigens (1–8). More recently, it has been shown that viruses can also be potent polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) inducers, spontaneously stimulating the generation of high levels of allospecific CTL (9, 10) and reactivating memory CTL specific for unrelated viruses from previous infections (11). Virus-induced stimulation of self-reactive or “autoimmune” CTL has also been reported in some systems (12–14). Stimulation of allospecific CTL has been observed in humans during episodes of acute infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] infection) (10, 15, 16) and in the mouse during acute infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), vaccinia virus (VV), Pichinde virus, and murine cytomegalovirus (11). One might expect that acute viral infections would, therefore, be detrimental to allograft survival, and clinical studies have correlated allograft rejections with influenza and cytomegalovirus infections (17–19). Because the primary function of the immune system is to protect the host from infection, it is interesting to speculate whether the allospecific CTL contribute to the control of viral infection or whether they are an incidental byproduct of the antigen-specific response to virus. In the case of polyclonal B cell stimulation, proliferation is often due to stimulatory or transforming properties of the viral proteins and may not contribute to viral clearance. EBV infection causes a true transformation of B cells (1), whereas the glycoproteins of Sindbis, influenza, and vesicular stomatitis viruses can be mitogenic to B cells, at least in vitro (3–5). Activated T cells and the cell growth and differentiation factors they secrete cause in vitro bystander stimulation of resting B cells that are not specific for the initial inducing antigen (20). Although polyclonally stimulated B cells do not appear to be involved in clearance of viral infection via antigen-specific antibody production, they have been associated with autoimmune phenomena. For example, EBV-transformed B cells produce anti-nuclear and rheumatoid factor antibodies (21).
Ultrafast x-ray diffraction using a streak-camera detector in averaging mode (1997)

We demonstrate an apparatus for measuring time-dependent x-ray diffraction. X-ray pulses from a synchrotron are diffracted by a pair of Si(111) crystals and detected with an x-ray streak camera that has single-shot resolution of better than 1 ps. The streak camera is driven by a photoconductive switch, which is triggered by 100-fs laser pulses at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The laser and the streak camera are synchronized with the synchrotron pulses. In the averaging mode, trigger jitter results in 2-ps temporal resolution. We measured the duration of 5-keV pulses from the Advanced Light Source synchrotron to be 70ps.
Carbon monoxide activation by f-element organometallics. An unusually distorted, carbenelike dihaptoacyl and CO tetramerization (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon monoxide activation by f-element organometallics. An unusually distorted, carbenelike dihaptoacyl and CO tetramerizationPaul J. Fagan, Juan M. Manriquez, Tobin J. Marks, Victor W. Day, Sara H. Vollmer, and Cynthia Secaur DayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 16, 5393–5396Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00536a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00536a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Heteromannan and Heteroxylan Cell Wall Polysaccharides Display Different Dynamics During the Elongation and Secondary Cell Wall Deposition Phases of Cotton Fiber Cell Development (2015)

The roles of non-cellulosic polysaccharides in cotton fiber development are poorly understood. Combining glycan microarrays and in situ analyses with monoclonal antibodies, polysaccharide linkage analyses and transcript profiling, the occurrence of heteromannan and heteroxylan polysaccharides and related genes in developing and mature cotton (Gossypium spp.) fibers has been determined. Comparative analyses on cotton fibers at selected days post-anthesis indicate different temporal and spatial regulation of heteromannan and heteroxylan during fiber development. The LM21 heteromannan epitope was more abundant during the fiber elongation phase and localized mainly in the primary cell wall. In contrast, the AX1 heteroxylan epitope occurred at the transition phase and during secondary cell wall deposition, and localized in both the primary and the secondary cell walls of the cotton fiber. These developmental dynamics were supported by transcript profiling of biosynthetic genes. Whereas our data suggest a role for heteromannan in fiber elongation, heteroxylan is likely to be involved in the regulation of cellulose deposition of secondary cell walls. In addition, the relative abundance of these epitopes during fiber development varied between cotton lines with contrasting fiber characteristics from four species (G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum and G. herbaceum), suggesting that these non-cellulosic polysaccharides may be involved in determining final fiber quality and suitability for industrial processing.
Influence of turbulence on transient premixed flame propagation inside closed vessels (1989)

Abstract The explosion behaviour of CH 4 /air mixtures inside a closed 0.065 m 3 spherical and a 1 m 3 cylindrical vessel was investigated to determine the effect of turbulence on the structure and propagation rate of transient turbulent flames for different initial turbulence levels generated by 4 ventilators installed inside the equipment. Laser‐Doppler and hot wire anemometry were used to measure the turbulent motion. It was found that fairly uniform turbulence could be achieved in the central zones of the vessels and that the RMS‐values of flow velocity were proportional to the ventilator speed. The evaluation of burning velocity from the pressure/time records showed that, starting from an initial burning velocity which depends on the initial turbulence level, the flame accelerates as a result of pressure, temperature and turbulence effects. Maximum burning velocity coincides with the inflexion point of the pressure/time curve, and is followed by a rapid deceleration of the flame front. A linear relationship between burning velocity and measured RMS‐velocity is recognized in the observed range of RMS‐values.
Prognostic PET 18F-FDG Uptake Imaging Features Are Associated with Major Oncogenomic Alterations in Patients with Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2012)

Although 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake during positron emission tomography (PET) predicts post-surgical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the biologic basis for this observation is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed 25 tumors from patients with NSCLCs to identify tumor PET-FDG uptake features associated with gene expression signatures and survival. Fourteen quantitative PET imaging features describing FDG uptake were correlated with gene expression for single genes and coexpressed gene clusters (metagenes). For each FDG uptake feature, an associated metagene signature was derived, and a prognostic model was identified in an external cohort and then tested in a validation cohort of patients with NSCLC. Four of eight single genes associated with FDG uptake (LY6E, RNF149, MCM6, and FAP) were also associated with survival. The most prognostic metagene signature was associated with a multivariate FDG uptake feature [maximum standard uptake value (SUV(max)), SUV(variance), and SUV(PCA2)], each highly associated with survival in the external [HR, 5.87; confidence interval (CI), 2.49-13.8] and validation (HR, 6.12; CI, 1.08-34.8) cohorts, respectively. Cell-cycle, proliferation, death, and self-recognition pathways were altered in this radiogenomic profile. Together, our findings suggest that leveraging tumor genomics with an expanded collection of PET-FDG imaging features may enhance our understanding of FDG uptake as an imaging biomarker beyond its association with glycolysis.