gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive robot teaching based on finger trajectory using multimodal RGB-D-T-data (2023)

The concept of Industry 4.0 brings the change of industry manufacturing patterns that become more efficient and more flexible. In response to this tendency, an efficient robot teaching approach without complex programming has become a popular research direction. Therefore, we propose an interactive finger-touch based robot teaching schema using a multimodal 3D image (color (RGB), thermal (T) and point cloud (3D)) processing. Here, the resulting heat trace touching the object surface will be analyzed on multimodal data, in order to precisely identify the true hand/object contact points. These identified contact points are used to calculate the robot path directly. To optimize the identification of the contact points we propose a calculation scheme using a number of anchor points which are first predicted by hand/object point cloud segmentation. Subsequently a probability density function is defined to calculate the prior probability distribution of true finger trace. The temperature in the neighborhood of each anchor point is then dynamically analyzed to calculate the likelihood. Experiments show that the trajectories estimated by our multimodal method have significantly better accuracy and smoothness than only by analyzing point cloud and static temperature distribution.
PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED REGRESSION OF CHRONIC TRANSPLANT REJECTION (1995)

Chronic rejection, characterized by a progressive obliterative arteriopathy, is a major cause of graft failure in long-surviving human transplants for which there is no effective treatment. Leflunomide, an isoxazol derivative, has been shown to be a novel immunomodulatory drug that profoundly suppresses the immune response. In this study, 58 Fisher-344 rats received cardiac transplantation from Lewis rats. All the recipients were given CsA at 2.5 mg/kg for 5 days postoperatively. Without further treatments, the arterial intima was progressively injured by mononuclear cell infiltration and Ab deposition. Smooth muscle cell and fibroblast proliferation in the intima became a predominant phenomenon by day 90. CsA was ineffective in controlling the progress of arterial intimal thickening when treatment began on day 30. Leflunomide at 5 mg/kg failed to control arterial intimal thickening by day 60 when therapy began on day 30. However, the progress of arterial intimal thickening was significantly inhibited by day 90 when the dosage of leflunomide had been increased to 10 mg/kg on day 60. Combined therapy with leflunomide and CsA at 5 mg/kg for 30 days dramatically reversed the arterial thickening by day 60. After increasing the dosages of both leflunomide and CsA to 10 mg/kg on day 60, the combination therapy steadily controlled the chronic rejection. Only the combination therapy significantly down-regulated circulating antidonor IgM and IgG titers. In rat smooth muscle cell culture, this same drug combination had a synergistic inhibitory effect on proliferation. Therefore, the combination therapy of leflunomide and CsA could reverse and control the progress of chronic rejection, while leflunomide, at higher dosage as a monotherapy, could stabilize chronic rejection in this model. The mechanism of the regression of chronic rejection by leflunomide and cyclosporine may be related to their in vitro abilities to control not only lymphocyte but smooth muscle cell proliferation, as well. The synergistic effect of these two drugs on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro may be an important part of this novel activity. This unique feature holds intriguing possibilities for treating established chronic rejection.
Exonic Splicing Enhancer-Dependent Splicing of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Premessenger Ribonucleic Acid Is Mediated by Tra2α, a 40-Kilodalton Serine/Arginine-Rich Protein (2002)

In an earlier study, we found that excision of the first intron (intron A) from the rat GnRH primary transcript is attenuated in non-GnRH-producing cells. This attenuation can be partially relieved by exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) located in GnRH exons 3 and 4. In the present study, we confirmed that intron A of the mouse GnRH pre-mRNA was not excised in a HeLa nuclear extract (NE) in vitro or in COS-7 cells in vivo. Intron A could, however, be partially removed when exon 3 and/or 4 were linked to exon 2. In the presence of an ESE in exon 4 (ESE4), an addition of GT1 NE further increased the excision rate of intron A, whereas the addition of KK1 (a non-GnRH-producing cell) NE decreased it. To define the GnRH neuron-specific splicing activity, GT1 NE was fractionated by ultracentrifugation and ammonium sulfate precipitation. A 50-90% ammonium sulfate pellet (ASP50-90) fraction was further precipitated with 20 mM MgCl(2) to isolate a serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein fraction. Among the ASP fractions, ASP40-50 significantly increased the excision rate of intron A in the presence of HeLa NE or SR protein-rich fraction. However, the ASP40-50 fraction alone could not remove intron A. This result suggests the presence of a cofactor protein(s) in the ASP40-50 fraction that may mediate the interaction between a 3' spliceosome complex and the ESE4-SR protein complex. UV cross-linking and gel mobility shift analysis revealed that Tra2alpha but not other SR proteins tested, specifically binds to ESE4. Moreover, Tra2alpha stimulated intron A excision in a dose-dependent manner. These results imply that Tra2alpha and a cofactor protein in the ASP40-50 fraction are involved in mediating the GnRH neuron-specific excision of intron A from the GnRH primary transcript.
Molecular Pathways: AXL, a Membrane Receptor Mediator of Resistance to Therapy (2016)

AXL is a tyrosine kinase membrane receptor that signals via PI3K, MAPK, and protein kinase C (PKC), among other pathways. AXL has oncogenic potential and interacts with other membrane receptors, depending on their relative abundance and availability. The increased expression of AXL in cancer is often the result of pharmacologic selective pressure to a number of chemotherapies and targeted therapies and acts as a mechanism of acquired drug resistance. This resistance phenotype, frequently accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, can be reversed by AXL inhibition. In tumors with high levels of EGFR, including lung, head and neck, and triple-negative breast cancer, AXL dimerizes with this receptor and initiates signaling that circumvents the antitumor effects of anti-EGFR therapies. Likewise, AXL overexpression and dimerization with EGFR can overcome PI3K inhibition by activating the phospholipase C-γ-PKC cascade that, in turn, sustains mTORC1 activity. The causative role of AXL in inducing drug resistance is underscored by the fact that the suppression of AXL restores sensitivity to these agents. Hence, these observations indicate that AXL is selectively expressed in tumor cells refractory to therapy and that cotargeting AXL in this setting would potentially overcome drug resistance. The use of AXL inhibitors should be considered in the clinic.
Polyethylene glycol-coated graphene oxide attenuates antigen-specific IgE production and enhanced antigen-induced T-cell reactivity in ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice (2014)

Background: Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising nanomaterial for potential application in the versatile field of biomedicine. Graphene-based nanomaterials have been reported to modulate the functionality of immune cells in culture and to induce pulmonary inflammation in mice. Evidence pertaining to the interaction between graphene-based nanomaterials and the immune system in vivo remains scarce. The present study investigated the effect of polyethylene glycol-coated GO (PEG-GO) on antigen-specific immunity in vivo. Methods: BALB/c mice were intravenously administered with a single dose of PEG-GO (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) 1 hour before ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization, and antigen-specific antibody production and splenocyte reactivity were measured 7 days later. Results: Exposure to PEG-GO significantly attenuated the serum level of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E. The production of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 by splenocytes restimulated with OVA in culture was enhanced by treatment with PEG-GO. In addition, PEG-GO augmented the metabolic activity of splenocytes restimulated with OVA but not with the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that systemic exposure to PEG-GO modulates several aspects of antigen-specific immune responses, including the serum production of immunoglobulin E and T-cell functionality. Keywords: graphene oxide, T-cell, antigen-specific, immune, ovalbumin
Excitation properties of computational models of unmyelinated peripheral axons (2020)

Biophysically based computational models of nerve fibers are important tools for designing electrical stimulation therapies, investigating drugs that affect ion channels, and studying diseases that affect neurons. Although peripheral nerves are primarily composed of unmyelinated axons (i.e., C-fibers), most modeling efforts focused on myelinated axons. We implemented the single-compartment model of vagal afferents from Schild et al. (1994) (Schild JH, Clark JW, Hay M, Mendelowitz D, Andresen MC, Kunze DL. <i>J Neurophysiol</i> 71: 2338-2358, 1994) and extended the model into a multicompartment axon, presenting the first cable model of a C-fiber vagal afferent. We also implemented the updated parameters from the Schild and Kunze (1997) model (Schild JH, Kunze DL. <i>J Neurophysiol</i> 78: 3198-3209, 1997). We compared the responses of these novel models with those of three published models of unmyelinated axons (Rattay F, Aberham M. <i>IEEE Trans Biomed Eng</i> 40: 1201-1209, 1993; Sundt D, Gamper N, Jaffe DB. <i>J Neurophysiol</i> 114: 3140-3153, 2015; Tigerholm J, Petersson ME, Obreja O, Lampert A, Carr R, Schmelz M, Fransén E. <i>J Neurophysiol</i> 111: 1721-1735, 2014) and with experimental data from single-fiber recordings. Comparing the two models by Schild et al. (1994, 1997) revealed that differences in rest potential and action potential shape were driven by changes in maximum conductances rather than changes in sodium channel dynamics. Comparing the five model axons, the conduction speeds and strength-duration responses were largely within expected ranges, but none of the models captured the experimental threshold recovery cycle-including a complete absence of late subnormality in the models-and their action potential shapes varied dramatically. The Tigerholm et al. (2014) model best reproduced the experimental data, but these modeling efforts make clear that additional data are needed to parameterize and validate future models of autonomic C-fibers.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Peripheral nerves are primarily composed of unmyelinated axons, and there is growing interest in electrical stimulation of the autonomic nervous system to treat various diseases. We present the first cable model of an unmyelinated vagal nerve fiber and compare its ion channel isoforms and conduction responses with other published models of unmyelinated axons, establishing important tools for advancing modeling of autonomic nerves.
Distributed vibration sensing on optical fibre: field testing in borehole seismic applications (2014)

We describe the measurement of seismic waves in a borehole using distributed vibration sensing conveyed on wireline cable. The optical measurement is compared directly with the results of a multi-level borehole seismic survey with conventional electrical accelerometers.
Integration of Inductors, Capacitors, and Damping Into Bus Bars for Silicon Carbide Inverter dv/dt Filters (2019)

A dv/dt filter is useful to mitigate the deleterious effects of voltage pulses with high edge rates, such as voltage overshoot and ringing in motor drive systems, which can cause premature motor failure. With the introduction of wide-bandgap semiconductor drives, these issues will become more pronounced. This paper introduces a new type of dv/dt filter where the inductor, capacitor, and damping resistor are integrated into the output bus bar or cable of a silicon carbide (SiC) inverter. This integrated filter may be smaller, lighter, and cheaper to construct than filters built from discrete components. An analytical model of the integrated dv/dt filter is developed, and this model is used to design output filters for a 460 V AC, three-phase SiC motor drive. Prototype filters are constructed and tested with a SiC inverter connected to a 460 Vrms, 30-HP induction motor, and experimental results demonstrate output waveforms that match the analytical model and meet the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) MG 1 Part 31 requirements for inverter-rated motors. Finally, the voltage waveforms and losses of the prototype-integrated filter are compared with several other mitigation options, demonstrating that the integrated filters meet the NEMA specification at a fraction of the mass and volume of the discrete component solution without sacrificing efficiency.
Video De-noising Using Adaptive Temporal and Spatial Filter Based on Mean Square Error Estimation (2012)

본 논문에서는 영상에 포함되어 있는 잡음을 효율적으로 제거하기 위해 원본 영상과 잡음이 포함된 영상 사이의 mean square error (MSE) 추정에 기반한 적응적인 시공간 디노이징 필터(Adaptive Temporal and Spatial De-noising Filter : ATSF)를 제안하였다. 제안하는 디노이징 필터는 잡음이 포함되어 있는 영상에 블록 단위로 적용되며, 시간적 필터인 Multi-Hypothesis Motion Compensated Filter (MHMCF)를 사용하고, 공간적 필터로는 bilateral filter를 사용하였다. 각각의 블록에 대해 시간적 필터와 공간적 필터 중에서 최적의 필터를 선택하기 위해서 잡음이 포함되지 않은 원본 영상과 잡음이 포함된 입력 영상 사이의 MSE를 추정하는 기법을 제안하였다. 디노이징 단계에서 원본 영상이 주어지지 않기 때문에 MSE를 추정하기 위해서, 본 논문에서는 MHMCF가 적용된 블록의 MSE를 수학적으로 예측하고, bilateral filter가 적용된 블록의 MSE를 통계적 선형 모델을 통해 예측하였다. 이렇게 예측된 MSE를 비교하여 더 작은 MSE를 갖는 필터를 선택적으로 매 단위 블록마다 적용하게 된다. 제안된 방법은 시간적 필터와 공간적 필터를 적응적으로 적용함으로써 기존의 디노이징 방법에 비해 객관적 화질 뿐만 아니라 주관적인 화질에서 우수한 성능을 보여준다. In this paper, an adaptive temporal and spatial filter (ATSF) based on mean square error (MSE) estimation is proposed. ATSF is a block based de-noising algorithm. Each noisy block is selectively filtered by a temporal filter or a spatial filter. Multi-hypothesis motion compensated filter (MHMCF) and bilateral filter are chosen as the temporal filter and the spatial filter, respectively. Although there is no original video, we mathematically derivate a formular to estimate the real MSE between a block de-noised by MHMCF and its original block and a linear model is proposed to estimate the real MSE between a block de-noised by bilateral filter and its original block. Finally, each noisy block is processed by the filter with a smaller estimated MSE. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves substantial improvements in terms of both visual quality and PSNR as compared with the conventional de-noising algorithms.
Pore Size Distribution of Cast, Compressed and Lightly Sintered Alumina with Preliminary Mechanical Treatments (1992)

Effects of various mechanical pre-treatments and grinding aids on the pore structure of cast green compacts with and without post-compression, and lightly sintered body of alpha alumina were studied. Alumina powders were mechanically activated by a vibration mill, using grinding balls made of polyamide-coated steel (PS) and sintered Si3N4 (SN). Milled products were redispersed by subsequent wet grinding with and without an additive, dextran. PS balls brought about compacts and sintered bodies denser than those treated by SN balls. Wet-grinding and redispersion by a centrifugal ball mill with dextran resulted in by far a better dispersion and hence denser compacts. Dextran lead to the smaller average pore, but broader pore size distribution. The preferential importance of state of dispersion in the green compacts over the mechanical activation was revealed in the present system.
The Reaction of Samarium(III) Iodide with Samarium Metal in Tetrahydrofuran, A New Method for the Preparation of Samarium(II) Iodide (1987)

Abstract Samarium(III) iodide reacts with samarium metal in tetrahydrofuran under mild conditions to afford samarium(II) iodide in almost quantitative yield. A solution of samarium(II) iodide in tetrahydrofuran is prepared from samarium metal and iodine.
Using Satellite and Aerial Imagery for Identification of Solar PV (2020)

Solar photovoltaic (PV) is the fastest growing form of energy generation today, and many countries are seeing significant uptake of distributed solar PV on the rooftops of homes and businesses. However, many of these systems are not accurately registered, and central records of distributed solar PV are often not up-to-date. At the same time, high levels of solar PV are introducing challenges for many stakeholders in the energy sector, such as market operators and network operators, who need to forecast total rooftop solar PV generation across entire regions. One possible solution to this problem is to identify existing solar PV generation systems using overhead satellite and aerial imagery. While there have been early promising attempts in this direction, there are nevertheless many important research challenges that remain to be addressed. In this paper we survey the state of the art in this nascent area, describe the challenges that exist, and advocate for novel research questions that are worthy of further exploration. By identifying these areas of interest we aim to generate greater awareness of the potential value of satellite and aerial imagery for identification of solar PV, which will ultimately facilitate large scale uptake of solar PV and other renewable generation technologies.
Applications of Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (2022)

Histopathology, while suffering from morbidity, cost and time associated with biopsy, plays a key role in detection and monitoring of disease. Optical technologies, with the capability to non-invasively image the cellular structures in real time, have the potential to revolutionize medicine. Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (GDOCM) is a noninvasive, high-definition, three-dimensional imaging technique leveraging concepts of low-coherence interferometry, liquid lens technology, confocal microscopy, high-speed imaging, and precision scanning. By operating at a high numerical aperture to improve transverse resolution and recovering the resulting loss in depth of focus by acquiring multiple volumes dynamically refocusing inside the sample with no moving parts, GDOCM breaks the cellular resolution limit of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and achieves isotropic 2 μm resolution in 3D. GDOCM enables optical biopsy capabilities that span both medical and industrial applications. In the past decade, GDOCM has been demonstrated for cellular imaging in 3D in a number of clinical applications, including dermatology, oncology and ophthalmology, as well as to characterize materials in industrial applications. The structural imaging capability of GDOCM has been enhanced by adding functional modalities and by incorporating machine learning techniques. In particular, convolutional neural networks were applied to automatically segment the endothelial cells in human cornea for quantitative, unbiased assessment of corneal health. A novel algorithm for optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), an attractive diagnostic tool for non-invasive, label-free vascular imaging in vivo, was demonstrated in conjunction with GDOCM to extract high-resolution cutaneous vasculature, significantly improving the visualization and characterization of micro-capillaries in vivo.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Targeting Nodal in Conjunction with Dacarbazine Induces Synergistic Anticancer Effects in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Nodal expression in DTIC-treated melanoma cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Low-Profile and Low-Volume Split-Distributed Resonators and Filters (2020)

A new class of low-profile resonators, named split-distributed resonators is introduced in this paper. The newly proposed resonator family features high quality Q-factors and relies not only on the coupling among the constituent resonant elements, but the constituent elements themselves are also made in the distributed form. This, in comparison with the standard distributed resonator, caters for extremely low profiles, while allowing for a more uniform distribution of the electromagnetic fields inside the resonant cavity and hence higher unloaded quality factors. Furthermore, a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic fields facilitates a tremendous reduction of the resonator volume. As an experimental verification, two 5-pole band-pass filters using different realizations of individual resonant elements are designed and fabricated. The filters operate at a centre frequency of 1.8 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 2%. The individual split-distributed resonator of these filters consists of 9 resonant elements, where each element is a distributed resonator of the second order and fourth order respectively. The measured insertion losses of the filters are in a good agreement with the values predicted by the simulations.
Confusing the Modern Breakthrough: Naïve Bayes Classification of Authors and Works (2018)

The Modern Breakthrough is widely considered to be one of the most important turning points in late nineteenth century Nordic literature, ushering in a period of literary experimentation predicated on a pivot toward naturalism. Georg Brandes’s iconic work, Det moderne gennembruds maend (1883), provides a literary historical framework for the consideration of the movement, outlining in broad strokes the contours of this shift in literature and, in the portraits of a series of featured male authors, offering a touchstone for broader understanding of this movement. In 1983, Pil Dahlerup offered a corrective to Brandes’s work with Det moderne gennembruds kvinder. Here, Dahlerup surfaced the numerous female authors who were writing groundbreaking work in the shadows of the male-dominated literary world. A great deal of scholarship on the Modern Breakthrough considers the rich network of literary cross influence that characterized the period. Influence, however, is a complex phenomenon and one that is hard to formalize. In the following work, we propose to explore the related phenomenon of similarity, predicated on the notion that the most sincere form of flattery is imitation. To what extent do writers from this period share aspects of language? Can we capture this sharing in a useful manner computationally?