gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boron clusters for medicinal drug design: Selective estrogen receptor modulators bearing carborane (2003)

Abstract The molecular shape and hydrophobicity of dicarba- closo -dodecaboranes may allow a new medical application as biologically active molecules. Recently, we have developed potent estrogen receptor (ER) agonists bearing carborane cage. The most potent compound (BE120) exhibited activity at least several times greater than that of 17 beta-estradiol in luciferase reporter gene assay and ER alpha binding. We also designed and synthesized estrogen antagonists on the basis of the structure of BE120, and we noticed the characteristic features of compound (BE360) having carborane cage and two phenols. The ER binding affinity of BE360 is comparable to that of estradiol. To examine in vivo estrogenic activity of the compound in bone, ovariectomized (OVX) mice were given BE360 or estradiol subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Treatment with BE360 at 1–30 µg/day dose-dependently restored bone loss in OVX mice to sham level without estrogenic action in uterus. These results suggest its possible application to osteoporosis as a new type of selective ER modulator.
Intra-Frame Transmission Adaptation for Fast Fading MIMO-OFDMA Systems (2011)

We propose multiple antenna transmission methods for fast fading channel conditions. Proposed methods allocate alternative multiple antenna transmission modes depending on the SNR, modulation order and Doppler frequency to increase reliability, i.e., decrease bit-error-rate (BER). A major difference of our approach from previous works is to allow different transmission modes during a single frame by considering the channel variations within the frame for high mobility scenarios. First method effectively makes use of available channel knowledge by allocating beamforming (BF) as long as channel knowledge is not outdated and switches to space frequency block coding (SFBC) afterwards. Approximate BER expressions for BF and SFBC that are functions of SNR, modulation order, Doppler frequency and initial channel knowledge are derived to be used as a decision metric for mode allocation throughout the frame. Second method adapts rate and transmission mode across symbols in a frame by considering that average channel power is monotonically decreasing as a function of time within the frame when multiuser diversity is exploited. First method performs as good as the better of BF and SFBC over all SNR values. Second method provides additional performance gain over the first method due to more efficient use of better channel conditions.
Silicon cold cathodes as possible sources in electron lithography systems (1987)

Cesiated silicon cold cathodes are capable of emitting high current densities (in excess of 1000 A/cm2) into a vacuum. The energy spread of the emitted electrons amounts to 1.2 eV. Fortunately, the aperture-limiting diaphragm acts as a kind of energy selector which results in an energy spread of only ∼0.35 eV in the beam after the diaphragm. The intrinsic RC time of 1-μm-diam emitters is only ∼1 ps, which, after reduction of parasitic RC times, means that very fast switching of the emission current is possible, especially because a voltage swing of only ∼1 V is needed. Arrays and matrices of closely spaced emitters can be produced using currently available silicon technology. This means that, in principle at least, writing times in electron lithography systems can be reduced by a very large factor (∼1000), making direct slice writing with 0.1-μm details economically feasible.
Acute Trem2 reduction triggers increased microglial phagocytosis, slowing amyloid deposition in mice (2021)

Heterozygous genetic variants within the <i>TREM2</i> gene show a strong association with increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Amyloid beta-depositing mouse models haploinsufficient or null for <i>Trem2</i> have identified important relationships among TREM2, microglia, and AD pathology; however, results are challenging to interpret in the context of varying microglial phenotypes and disease progression. We hypothesized that acute <i>Trem2</i> reduction may alter amyloid pathology and microglial responses independent of genetic <i>Trem2</i> deletion in mouse models. We developed antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that potently but transiently lower <i>Trem2</i> messenger RNA throughout the brain and administered them to APP/PS1 mice at varying stages of plaque pathology. Late-stage ASO-mediated <i>Trem2</i> knockdown significantly reduced plaque deposition and attenuated microglial association around plaque deposits when evaluated 1 mo after ASO injection. Changes in microglial gene signatures 1 wk after ASO administration and phagocytosis measured in ASO-treated cells together indicate that microglia may be activated with short-term <i>Trem2</i> reduction. These results suggest a time- and/or dose-dependent role for TREM2 in mediating plaque deposition and microglial responses in which loss of TREM2 function may be beneficial for microglial activation and plaque removal in an acute context.
A Theoretical Evaluation of Liquid Condensate Formation by Heterogeneous Nucleation from a Benzene and Cyclohexane Vapor Mixture. (1994)

We derive rate equations for heteromolecular heterogeneous nucleation in the conversion of vapor to liquid and evaluate the experimental results in terms of the theory
Development of a New Instrumental Measurement of Odorous VOCs Based On Precise Fingerprints Obtained by a Multitude of Biosensors (2018)

International audience
Numerical Investigation on the Effects of Different Thermal Insulation Strategies for a Passenger Car Diesel Engine (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;One of the key technologies for the improvement of the diesel engine thermal efficiency is the reduction of the engine heat transfer through the thermal insulation of the combustion chamber. This paper presents a numerical investigation on the effects of the combustion chamber insulation on the heat transfer, thermal efficiency and exhaust temperatures of a 1.6 l passenger car, turbo-charged diesel engine. First, the complete insulation of the engine components, like pistons, liner, firedeck and valves, has been simulated. This analysis has showed that the piston is the component with the greatest potential for the in-cylinder heat transfer reduction and for Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) reduction, followed by firedeck, liner and valves. Afterwards, the study has been focused on the impact of different piston Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) on heat transfer, performance and wall temperatures. This analysis has been performed using a 1-D engine simulation code coupled with a lumped mass thermal model, representing the engine structure. A time-periodic wall conduction model has been used to calculate the wall temperature swings along the combustion chamber surface and within the engine cycle. Two different TBC materials, Yttria-Partially Stabilized Zirconia (Y-PSZ) and anodized aluminum, and different layer thicknesses have been simulated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Efficient Poisson denoising for photography (2009)

In general, image sensor noise is dominated by Poisson statistics, even at high illumination level, yet most standard denoising procedures often assume a simpler additive Gaussian noise, which is in fact a poor approximation. Fortunately, Poisson noise can under some circumstances be simplified via variance stabilizing methods, such as the Anscombe transform, which is well known to statisticians, medical imaging specialists and astronomers. However, in order to use such a procedure effectively, the actual photon count needs to be known and not simply an illumination intensity, which is the main reason why such procedures are not frequently used in the image processing community. In this article, we propose to use Poisson distribution characteristics to estimate the photon count from relative illumination data, under simple hypotheses. This allows us to use variance-stabilizing methods on standard digital photographs. Thanks to this, the noise becomes close to additive Gaussian and standard filtering methods become significantly more effective. As an example we exhibit the level of improvement that can be achieved using the bilateral filter.
Solubilisation of a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical in water by β-cyclodextrin to evaluate the radical-scavenging activity of antioxidants in aqueous media (2015)

A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH˙) was successfully solubilised in water by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). DPPH˙/β-CD thus obtained was demonstrated to be a powerful tool to evaluate the antioxidative activity of water-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbate and Trolox, in aqueous buffer solutions.
In vivo Calcium Imaging Reveals That Cortisol Treatment Reduces the Number of Place Cells in Thy1-GCaMP6f Transgenic Mice (2019)

The hippocampus, a structure essential for spatial navigation and memory undergoes anatomical and functional changes during chronic stress. Here, we investigate the effects of chronic stress on the ability of place cells to encode the neural representation of a linear track. To model physiological conditions of chronic stress on hippocampal function, transgenic mice expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f in CA1 pyramidal neurons were chronically administered with 40 μg/ml of cortisol for 8 weeks. Cortisol-treated mice exhibited symptoms typically observed during chronic stress, including diminished reward seeking behavior and reduced adrenal gland and spleen weights. <i>In vivo</i> imaging of hippocampal cellular activity during linear track running behavior revealed a reduced number of cells that could be recruited to encode spatial position, despite an unchanged overall number of active cells, in cortisol-treated mice. The properties of the remaining place cells that could be recruited to encode spatial information, however, was unperturbed. Bayesian decoders trained to estimate the mouse's position on the track using single neuron activity data demonstrated reduced performance in a cue richness-dependent fashion in cortisol-treated animals. The performance of decoders utilizing data from the entire neuronal ensemble was unaffected by cortisol treatment. Finally, to test the hypothesis that an antidepressant drug could prevent the effects of cortisol, we orally administered a group of mice with 10 mg/kg citalopram during cortisol administration. Citalopram prevented the cortisol-induced decrease in single-neuron decoder performance but failed to significantly prevent anhedonia and the cortisol-induced reduction in the proportion place cells. The dysfunction observed at the single-neuron level indicates that chronic stress may impair the ability of the hippocampus to encode individual neural representations of the mouse's spatial position, a function pivotal to forming an accurate navigational map of the mouse's external environment; however, the hippocampal ensemble as a whole is resilient to any cortisol-induced insults to single neuronal place cell function on the linear track.
Top-down guided eye movements (2001)

Eye movements (EMs) are an important aspect of human visual behavior. The temporal and space-variant nature of sampling a visual scene requires frequent attentional gaze shifts (saccades) to fixate onto different parts of an image. Fixations are often directed toward the most informative regions in the visual scene. We introduce a model and its simulation that can select such regions based on prior knowledge of similar scenes. Having representations of scenes as a probabilistic combination of regions with certain properties, it is possible to assess the likely contribution of each region in the successive recognition process. Using Bayesian conditional probabilities for each region given the scene category, the model can then predict the informative value of that region and initiate a spatial information-gathering algorithm analogous to an EM saccade to a new fixation.
Hydraulics of corrosive gas pockets in force mains (1994)

ABSTRACT: Hydrogen sulfide corrosion can occur in sewage force mains in places where the sewage does not continuously contact the top of the pipe. This situation can occur because air is drawn into the pipe when the hydraulic grade line is below the pipe, or a gas pocket cannot be dragged down a downward slope because of the buoyancy of the pocket. This paper presents and verifies methods for predicting when each of these situations can occur and applies the results to an existing force main.
Scanning tunneling microscopy detection of individual dopant atoms on wet-prepared Si(111):H surfaces (2006)

We have performed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observation of individual acceptor and donor atoms on hydrogen-terminated Si(111)-1×1 surfaces prepared by wet etching in a NH4F aqueous solution. Separate measurements of p- and n-type substrates showed that acceptors appear as protrusions in filled-state images and as depressions in empty-state images, while for donors the topography is reversed in both filled- and empty-state images. The same relation between the bias polarity and the dopant appearance is preserved for codoped substrates. These results demonstrate that the STM on the Si(111):H surface can detect acceptors and donors distinguishably, enabling us to measure dopant profiles across codoped areas such as p-n junctions.
Photophysical Characterization and α-Type Delayed Luminescence of Rapidly Prepared Au Clusters (2013)

A new and perspective addition to traditional fluorescent probes is the Au clusters (8–25 atoms) which can label proteins, rendering them extremely bright and photostable. In this paper, we show that albumins can quickly and effectively be labeled using microwave acceleration, which shortens the time of Au labeling from several hours to <30 s. Chromatography of Au proteins and FLIM (fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy) reveals that Au clusters readily form and remain associated with the proteins. Subsequently, luminescence of the Au proteins (BSA, biotinylated-BSA, HSA) was studied using 3D-emission spectroscopy, time-resolved spectroscopy, and FLIM. We show that the red luminescence of the 25-atom gold cluster attached to the proteins has a broad range of emission lifetimes: about 95% of the total emission has a lifetime component ranging from 0.4 to 105 ns, and ∼5% is a delayed (alpha) emission with a range of lifetimes from 1 to 280 μs. The spectrum of Au delayed emission coincides with its fluorescence spectrum, suggesting that the Au delayed emission is actually delayed fluorescence (possibly, classical α-type), and emitting from the same electronic state. Our findings for the Au proteins suggest their broad applicability as new long-lived luminescence probes for the life sciences.
Characterization of African swine fever virion proteins j5R and j13L: immuno-localization in virus particles and assembly sites. (1998)

The j5R open reading frame (ORF) of the Malawi LIL 20/1 African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolate encodes a 111 amino acid protein with a putative transmembrane domain at the N terminus. Antisera raised against the predicted C-terminal peptide were used to identify the j5R protein by Western blotting in cells infected with ASFV or with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the j5R ORF. This showed that the j5R protein migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 23-25 kDa, depending on the virus isolate, on SDS-PAGE and is expressed late during ASFV infection. The localization in infected cells and in virions of the j5R protein, and that of a previously characterized virion protein, j13L, which also contains a putative transmembrane domain, were studied by immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy. Both proteins were expressed at 8-10 h post-infection (p.i.) as small multiple perinuclear foci which coalesced to a single area indicative of the virus factory at 18 h p.i. At the ultrastructural level j5R and j13L were detected mainly on membrane-like structures within the virus factory and on virus particles, suggesting that they may be involved in particle assembly. Negative contrast immuno-electron microscopy of mature extracellular virions confirmed that they are also integral structural proteins.
Structure of Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS): Spectroscopic Study of Ethereal Solvation in the Slow-Exchange Limit (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS): Spectroscopic Study of Ethereal Solvation in the Slow-Exchange LimitBrett L. Lucht and David B. CollumCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 13, 6009–6010Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00092a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00092a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2243Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Creation of new functions in transparent oxides utilizing nanostructures embedded in crystal and artificially encoded by laser pulses (2005)

The main objective of this review is to provide an idea to develop new functions by utilizing exotic nanostructures and electronic structures embedded in materials. First, our materials design concept is introduced in relation to electronic structures of oxides. Then optoelectronic properties, electronic structures and device applications are reviewed for (i) layered oxychalcogenides LnCuOCh (Ln = lanthanide, Ch = chalcogen) and (ii) nano-porous crystal 12CaO7⋅Al2O3 (C12A7). Sharp blue-to-UV light emission was observed in LnCuOCh originating from room-temperature stable exciton and the high stability of exciton is discussed in terms of their two-dimensional electronic structures. C12A7 has free oxygen ions clathrated in its subnanometre-sized cages, and new functions may be rendered to C12A7 by replacing the free oxygen ions with active anionic species. Quantum calculations indicate that cages trapping electrons in C12A7:e− can be regarded as quantum dots. We also introduce micro/nano-processing techniques by interfered pulses from a femtosecond laser as another approach to add new functions to transparent material. This method enables us to write three-dimensional integrated optical circuits inside transparent materials. A miniatured distributed feedback colour centre laser structure was written inside LiF solely by laser pulses and its oscillation at room temperature was demonstrated.
Nucleoside adducts of vinylporphyrins and vinylchlorins (1996)

Ethene-linked nucleoside derivatives of porphyrins and chlorins have been synthesized by palladium-catalysed coupling between acetylated 5-chloromercuriuridine and various vinylporphyrins and vinylchlorins. The formation of both the trans-(e.g. 22, 24, 29) and gem-(e.g. 23, 30) isomeric products was usually observed in these coupling reactions, and ratios of these isomers were dependent upon the particular substrate employed.
Physical Constraints on Sesquiterpene Diversity Arising from Cyclization of the Eudesm-5-yl Carbocation (2011)

The biogenic origins of complex cyclic terpenes derive from the interplay of enzymes and the intrinsic reactivity of carbocation species at major branch-points along intramolecular cyclization pathways to ultimately determine the distribution of terpene skeletal types in nature. Solanaceous plants biosynthesize chemical defense compounds, largely derived from the eremophilane and spirovetivane-type sesquiterpenes. These hydrocarbon skeletons share a common biogenic origin, stemming from alternative Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements of the eudesm-5-yl carbocation during the cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) catalyzed by sesquiterpene synthases. While the spirojatamane skeleton shares the same carbocation intermediate, this class of sesquiterpenes has not been reported in the Solanaceae and is exceedingly rare in nature. To investigate the physical basis for alternative rearrangements of the eudesm-5-yl carbocation, we carried out quantum mechanics (QM) analyses to calculate the allowable conformations, energies, and transition states linking conformers of the eudesm-5-yl carbocation to the eremophilene, spirovetivane, and spirojatamane skeletons. Additionally, we conducted parallel investigations on simplified decalin carbocation systems to examine the contribution of ring substituents to allowable conformations and rearrangement pathways. Our study reveals that ring substituents expand the conformational space accessible to the eudesm-5-yl carbocation while sterically blocking rearrangements in certain contexts. From our analysis, we define a conformational threshold for each possible rearrangement based on dihedral angles describing transition state geometry. Further, our calculations indicate that methylene migration rearrangements leading to spiro compounds are thermodynamically dominant in the eudesm-5-yl and simpler decalin carabocation systems. Interestingly, the theoretical abundance of sesquiterpene skeletal types arising from the intrinsic reactivity of the eudesm-5-yl carbocation stands in sharp contrast to their currently known natural abundance. The implications of these results for the catalytic tragectories catalyzed by sesquiterpene synthases are discussed.
Partial Replacement of Chicken Semen by Turkey Semen in Artificial Insemination of Chickens (1976)

Chicken semen undiluted, diluted with a diluent containing fructose and/or mixed with turkey semen was used to inseminate Leghorn hens. In two of three experiments there was an improvement in fertility from insemination by mixed semen as compared to semen diluted to the same extent with the diluent.