gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of actively circulating volume (ACV) by injection of normal saline (2012)

Examination of the indicator concentration curves after rapid injection of normal saline reveals the existence of transient damped oscillations followed by a new, relatively stable level of arterial blood density. We hypothesized that the variation in density could be used to estimate ACV. To address this issue we analyzed the variation of arterial hematocrit (Ht 1 ) during the injection/infusion of 0.9% NaCl; and performed experiments to answer the question: what is the rate of the restoration of blood density, in other words, what is the rate of leakage of injected normal saline from active circulation if (a) the blood volume is elevated up to 50% of expected and (b) if blood is withdrawn up to 30% of expected BV. Male SD rats (n=15) were anesthetized and received an extracorporeal A‐V loop connecting the carotid artery and the jugular vein with a controlled flow rate (8ml/min). Transit time clamp‐on sensors, TS450 flowmeter and an automatic algorithm (Transonic Systems Inc.) were used to calculate the cardiac output and central and actively circulating blood volume following injection of isotonic saline (0.3ml) into the venous limb of the AV loop. Hemorrhage was done by controlled blood withdrawals(~30 ml/kg in 3–4 steps). Increase of ACV was performed by series of 15–20 injections of 0.5–1 ml of normal saline. Results (1) Analysis of Ht 1 variations reveals if Htb/Ht 1 is constant then 0.9% NaCl is an indicator for ACV determination; (2) The rate of leakage of injected normal saline from active circulation is ~ 1–3%/min in normal or hypovolemic states and is up to 10%/min if ACV is elevated up to 30% of expected baseline.
Associating Molecular Physicochemical Properties with Ionization Efficiency for Compounds in Aprotic, Polar Solvent Using Field-free and Field-enabled cVSSI Techniques (2023)

The relationship between separate molecular physicochemical properties and ionization efficiency has been investigated for the new ionization technique capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI). Intensity values have been recorded for both positively- and negatively-charged ions arising from various compounds in the aprotic, polar acetonitrile (ACN) solvent environment. These have been recorded for field-free cVSSI as well as field-enabled cVSSI and compared to results obtained from standard ESI. In general, the strongest correlating factors include the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) and the compound proton affinity (PA) in both positive and negative ion mode. This is contrasted with results for the polar, protic solvents water and methanol where the log of the base dissociation constant (pKb) often produced the strongest correlation. The results suggest that, in the absence of abundant protonating reagent, pre-formed ions do not govern the ionization process for samples in the ACN solvent systems. Another notable result is the increased ion signal levels observed for the majority of the ions in positive ion mode upon their production by a field-free source; that is, remarkably, the application of a DC voltage to the solution serves to decrease the overall ion signal level. Overall, it appears that, regardless of whether or not ions are produced by the charged residue model or the ion evaporation model, gas-phase proton transfer reaction is the major process by which they are produced.
Chinese herbal medicine for chemotherapy inducedgastrointestinal side effects: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (2017)

Objective: To determine how safe and effective Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) is in alleviating the nausea, vomiting, oral ulceration, diarrhea and constipation for cancer patients with chemotherapy. Methods: Data sources: A systematic review of Chinese and English articles using Ovid SP, CNKI, VIP Database and Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System. Study selection: Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the prevention or treatment of any one of gastrointestinal side effects, namely nausea, vomiting, oral ulceration, diarrhea and constipation, of CHM with or without western medicine (WM) vs WM, placebo or no treatment were included. Data Extraction: Independent extraction of articles was first performed by four medical students using predefined data fields. Then, all data, including study quality indicators, was checked by two authors. Results: Eighty-six RCTs involving 7076 cancer patients were found and analyzed in this review. Because of the heterogeneity of study design and low overall methodological quality, only descriptive summaries were performed. Beneficial effects were found in some CHM interventions, regardless of being taken alone or taken with WM. Moreover, none of serious adverse effect was reported. However, same intervention had not been repeatedly investigated by different research teams. Conclusions: Implications of the analysis support the efficacy and safety of CHM for the management of gastrointestinal side effects. However, definite clinical recommendation for particular CHM intervention still cannot be made due to low methodological quality of included studies and lack of duplicated verification. Further large scale and high quality RCTs on the same CHM interventions are suggested.
Distance distributions in ensembles of irregular low-density parity-check codes (2003)

We derive asymptotic expressions for the average distance distributions in ensembles of irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The ensembles are defined by matrices with given profiles of column and row sums.
Modeling the Evolution of Climate Change Assessment Research Using Dynamic Topic Models and Cross-Domain Divergence Maps (2017)

Climate change is an important social issue and the subject of much research, both to understand the history of the Earth’s changing climate and to foresee what changes to expect in the future. Approximately every five years starting in 1990 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) publishes a set of reports that cover the current state of climate change research, how this research will impact the world, risks, and approaches to mitigate the effects of climate change. Each report supports its findings with hundreds of thousands of citations to scientific journals and reviews by governmental policy makers. Analyzing trends in the cited documents over the past 30 years provides insights into both an evolving scientific field and the climate change phenomenon itself. Presented in this paper are results of dynamic topic modeling to model the evolution of these climate change reports and their supporting research citations over a 30 year time period. Using this technique shows how the research influences the assessment reports and how trends based on these influences can affect future assessment reports. This is done by calculating cross-domain divergences between the citation domain and the assessment report domain and by clustering documents between domains. This approach could be applied to other social problems with similar structure such as disaster recovery.
A possible explanation for the nuclease limit digestion pattern of chromatin. (1976)

The general pattern of DNA fragments in the limit digest of nuclease-treated chromatin could arise from a single, unique nuclease-susceptible site per nucleosome. If DNA binds to the histone core of the nucleosome along a circularly re-entrant path, the location of the DNA entrance and exit can occur at any of a number of distinct sites. This very specific type of heterogeneity together with the natural 10-fold periodicity of DNA B can account for the observed digestion pattern. Such a general picture of the nucleosome structure could also easily explain how nucleosomes might move along the DNA. This type of structure should be easy to distinguish experimentally form more conventional explanations of the origin of the limit digest pattern of chromatin.
Promoting Distributed Trust in Machine Learning and Computational Simulation (2019)

Policy decisions are increasingly dependent on the outcomes of simulations and/or machine learning models. The ability to share and interact with these outcomes is relevant across multiple fields and is especially critical in the disease modeling community where models are often only accessible and workable to the researchers that generate them. This work presents a blockchain-enabled system that establishes a decentralized trust between parties involved in a modeling process. Utilizing the OpenMalaria framework, we demonstrate the ability to store, share and maintain auditable logs and records of each step in the simulation process, showing how to validate results generated by computational workers. We also show how the system monitors worker outputs to rank and identify faulty workers via comparison to nearest neighbors or historical reward spaces as a means of ensuring model quality.
Hysteretic electroluminescence in organic light-emitting diodes for spin injection (2004)

Organic light-emitting diodes with ferromagnetic contacts are fabricated, and their emission intensity is studied at room temperature for parallel and antiparallel magnetization configuration of anode and cathode. Sweeping the magnetic field applied parallel to the electrode allows the magnetization of the two electrodes to be switched independently. The electroluminescence intensity for the antiparallel magnetic configuration is found to be enhanced as compared to the parallel one. We show that this increase is not evidence of spin injection but is a consequence of the magnetic-field dependence of the electroluminescence intensity combined with magnetic stray fields from the electrodes.
Thermo-Catalytic Reforming of Woody Biomass (2016)

The objective of the present work is to determine the potentials of woody residues from agriculture (tree trimmings or vine shoots) for fuel applications. Fraunhofer UMSICHT is carrying out research for a new thermochemical conversion technology to convert biogenic residues into valuable storable products, such as carbonizates, hydrogen, and fuel. Thermo-catalytic reforming (TCR) is an intermediate pyrolysis combined with a unique integrated catalytic reforming step. In this experimental study, the TCR of three different woody biomasses has been investigated in a 2 kg/h laboratory-scale plant. The feedstocks were woody residues produced from the pruning of agricultural lands. This is a sustainable biomass solution with an up-to-date great unexploited potential. The results revealed that the composition of the feedstock had only a minor effect in the compositions and characterizations of the products, with the catalytic reforming step at 973 K. The gas had a higher heating value between 14.6 and 14.9 MJ/kg and a high H2 content at 33–36 vol %. The bio-oil obtained had a low water content and a high heating value. The high quality of the bio-oil is reflected in the low O/C ratio of 0.15 ± 0.04. The study revealed that the quality of pyrolysis bio-oils of other processes, such as fast pyrolysis, is only comparable to TCR bio-oils after additional intense hydrodeoxygenation treatment. The carbonizate generated had a high heating value and a high carbon content. As a result of the low O/C ratio, the carbonizate has a high stability and, consequently, good carbon storage in soil.
The Transition from Maternal to Zygotic Control of Development Occurs during the 4-Cell Stage in the Domestic Pig, Sus Scrofa: Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Protein Synthesis1 (1991)

A study was conducted to identify the embryonic stage when the zygotic genome begins to direct development and to characterize protein synthesis in pig oocytes and embryos. Reproductive tracts of gilts were flushed to obtain unfertilized oocytes (UFO), zygotes (Z), 2-, 4-, and 8-cell embryos, compact morulae (M), initial blastocysts (IB), blastocysts (B), and hatched blastocysts (HB). Pig eggs and embryos were cultured in medium containing 1 microM L-[35S]methionine and evaluated for amino acid uptake, incorporation of the radiolabel into protein, and qualitative changes in protein profiles specific to each cleavage stage. Unfertilized oocytes sequestered 65.7 fmol methionine/4 h/embryo. Uptake of methionine decreased (p less than 0.05) from the Z (49.4), 2-cell (41.8), and 4-cell (37.6) embryonic stages to the M (8.97 fmol/4 h/embryo) stage. This downward trend was reversed at the IB, B, and HB stages when uptake increased to 37.3, 50.3, and 84.2 fmol/4 h/embryo, respectively. Incorporation of methionine into protein followed a similar pattern, being relatively higher in the UFO (21.0), Z (20.5), and 2-cell stages (16.0); decreased (p less than 0.05) at the 4-cell (6.67), 8-cell (6.84), and M (6.16) stages; and increased (p less than 0.05) at the IB (28.0), B (41.5), and HB (69.6 fmol/4 h/embryo) stages. Differences in protein profiles were observed for UFO, Z, 4-cell, and M stages using lysates of single embryos, one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, and fluorography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identification of Phenylpyrazolone Dimers as a New Class of Anti‐Trypanosoma cruzi Agents (2019)

Chagas disease is becoming a worldwide problem; it is currently estimated that over six million people are infected. The two drugs in current use, benznidazole and nifurtimox, require long treatment regimens, show limited efficacy in the chronic phase of infection, and are known to cause adverse effects. Phenotypic screening of an in-house library led to the identification of 2,2'-methylenebis(5-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one), a phenyldihydropyrazolone dimer, which shows an in vitro pIC<sub>50</sub> value of 5.4 against Trypanosoma cruzi. Initial optimization was done by varying substituents of the phenyl ring, after which attempts were made to replace the phenyl ring. Finally, the linker between the dimer units was varied, ultimately leading to 2,2'-methylenebis(5-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (NPD-0228) as the most potent analogue. NPD-0228 has an in vitro pIC<sub>50</sub> value of 6.4 against intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi and no apparent toxicity against the human MRC-5 cell line and murine cardiac cells.
Impact of super-steep-retrograde channel doping profiles on the performance of scaled devices (1999)

Super-steep retrograded (SSR) channels were compared to uniformly doped (UD) channels as devices are scaled down from 250 nm to the 50 nm technology node, according to the scheme targeted by the National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (1997). The comparison was done at the same gate length L/sub gate/ and the same off-state leakage current I/sub off/, where it was found that SSR profiles always have higher threshold voltages, poorer subthreshold swings, higher linear currents, and lower saturation currents than UD profiles. Using a simulation strategy that takes into account the impact of short-channel effects on drive current, it was found that the improved short-channel effect of retrograde profiles is not enough to translate into a higher performance over the UD channels for all technologies. Hence, if the effective gate-dielectric thickness scales linearly with technology, retrograde doping will not be useful from a performance point of view. However, if the scaling of the gate-dielectric is limited to about 2 nm, SSR profiles can give higher drive current than UD channels for the end of the roadmap devices. Thus, the suitability of SSR channels over UD channels depends on the gate-dielectric scaling strategy. Simulations using a self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson solver were also used to show that the impact of quantum mechanical (QM) effects on the long-channel characteristics of SSR and UD MOSFET's will be similar.
Directly probing thermal and acoustic dynamics in nanostructured systems using coherent EUV beams (2016)

Utilizing coherent EUV beams, we spectroscopically probe the thermomechanical properties of nanostructured systems allowing access to new regimes of nanoscale thermal transport and to the full elastic tensor of sub-50 nm thin films.
Supplementary Table 1 from Paxillin Is a Target for Somatic Mutations in Lung Cancer: Implications for Cell Growth and Invasion (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Paxillin Is a Target for Somatic Mutations in Lung Cancer: Implications for Cell Growth and Invasion
Strategies for enhancing the oral bioavailability of cannabinoids (2022)

Comparison of the role of the same SNEDDS formulation, cyclosporine vs. cannabinoids, when used to elevate the oral bioavailability of different compounds, is presented. It illustrates some similarities and major mechanistic differences obtained by the same SNEDDS. Thus, the different influence over the absorption pathway illuminates the importance of understanding the absorption mechanism and its barriers to properly select appropriate strategies to achieve enhanced oral bioavailability.
Crystalline Engineering Toward Large-Scale High-Efficiency Printable Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells on Flexible Substrate by Femtosecond Laser Annealing Process (2017)

Ink-printing method emerges as a viable way for manufacturing large-scale flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) thin film photovoltaic (TFPV) devices owing to its potential for the rapid process, mass production, and low-cost nonvacuum device fabrication. Here, we brought the femtosecond laser annealing (fs-LA) process into the ink-printing CIGS thin film preparation. The effects of fs-LA treatment on the structural and optoelectronic properties of the ink-printing CIGS thin films were systematically investigated. It was observed that, while the film surface morphology remained essentially unchanged under superheating, the quality of crystallinity was significantly enhanced after the fs-LA treatment. Moreover, a better stoichiometric composition was achieved with an optimized laser scanning rate of the laser beam, presumably due to the much reduced indium segregation phenomena, which is believed to be beneficial in decreasing the defect states of In<sub>Se</sub>, V<sub>Se</sub>, and In<sub>Cu</sub>. Consequently, the shunt leakage current and recombination centers were both greatly decreased, resulting in a near 20% enhancement in photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
237 CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOPLASMIC POLYADENYLATION SITES DURING PORCINE EMBRYOGENESIS (2009)

During the development of a germinal vesicle (GV) stage porcine oocyte to the 4-cell stage embryo, there is a transcriptionally silent period during which the oocyte/embryo relies completely on the maternal contribution of mRNA. Regulation of transcription and degradation of the maternal mRNA is at least partially dependent on cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPE) within the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA. The goal of this study was to determine how single, double, and triple CPE sites affect the transcript levels of mRNA during embryogenesis. Expressed sequence tags from oocytes and 4-cell stage embryos were scanned for the presence of consensus CPE (TTTAAAA, TTAAAAA, ATAAAAA, TTAAAAT, ATTAAAA). We choose 19 different transcripts containing 1 to 3 CPE sites to examine their mRNA levels in GV, metaphase II (MII), and 2-cell and 4-cell stage embryos via real-time PCR. Ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and aspirated, and those oocytes surrounded by cumulus cells were matured in vitro, fertilized, and cultured to the 2-or 4-cell stage. At each stage, 30 oocytes/embryos were pooled and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, followed by storage at -80°C. RNA from oocyte/embryo pools was then extracted and reversed transcribed into cDNA using an oligo dT primer accompanied with purification using Tris. Real-time PCR was performed with primers designed for the corresponding transcripts using 3 biological and 2 technical replicates for each stage. Starting quantities were calculated based on the standard curve method and standardized to the housekeeping gene, YWHAG, and then MII, 2-cell, and 4-cell were compared to the GV stage. One-way ANOVA was done on the individual samples using proc GLM and proc power in Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Individual comparisons were made by a protected (P &amp;lt; 0.05) least squares means. The relative abundance of one of the two clones that contained the consensus TTAAAAA decreased after MII, whereas the other did not change. One of the two clones that contained the consensus TTTAAAA decreased (c-MOS) after MII, whereas the other did not change. One of the two clones with the consensus ATAAAAA decreased after the GV stage, whereas the other did not change. Of the two clones with the consensus TTAAAAT, one increased after the 2-cell stage, whereas the other decreased after GV The two clones that contained the ATTAAAA consensus did not change over the stages of embryos evaluated. Two of five clones with 2 CPE showed no change during these stages, whereas all four clones with 3 CPE decreased from GV through the 4-cell stage. Our results show that there was no significant trend when comparing 2 transcripts that contained the same type and number of CPE sites and that combinations of CPE sites can change the exact nature of when the transcript is available for translation. Thus, CPE might not be the only factors that regulate message stability. Funding was received from Food for the 21st Century at the University of Missouri.
Photochemical Hole Burning of Quinone Derivatives (1992)

Photochemical Hole Burning (PHB) has a potential storage density of more than 10 11 bits/cm 2 using the wavelength dimension. We have investigated increasing the number of holes by additional using the electric field. The holes were measured with high resolution double beam laser spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have demonstrated multiple hole formation using both dimensions, which shows the possibility of the formation of thousands of multiple hole.
Bispecific mAb2 Antibodies Targeting CD59 Enhance the Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Mediated by Rituximab (2022)

Inhibition of complement activation via the overexpression of complement-regulatory proteins (CRPs), most notably CD46, CD55 and CD59, is an efficient mechanism of disguise of cancer cells from a host immune system. This phenomenon extends to counteract the potency of therapeutic antibodies that could lyse target cells by eliciting complement cascade. The manifold functions and ubiquitous expression of CRPs preclude their systemic specific inhibition. We selected CD59-specific Fc fragments with a novel antigen binding site (Fcabs) from yeast display libraries using recombinant antigens expressed in bacterial or mammalian cells. To produce a bispecific antibody, we endowed rituximab, a clinically applied anti-CD20 antibody, used for therapy of various lymphoid malignancies, with an anti-CD59 Fcab. This bispecific antibody was able to induce more potent complement-dependent cytotoxicity for CD20 and CD59 expressing Raji cell line measured with lactate dehydrogenase-release assay, but had no effect on the cells with lower levels of the primary CD20 antigen or CD20-negative cells. Such molecules are promising candidates for future therapeutic development as they elicit a higher specific cytotoxicity at a lower concentration and hence cause a lower exhaustion of complement components.
MUTUAL SYNCHRONIZATION OF CHAOTIC SELF-OSCILLATORS WITH DISSIPATIVE COUPLING (1992)

In a case of two dissipative coupled electronic circuits with possible chaotic dynamics, results of experimental, analytical and computer studies are provided concerning bifurcations on the boundaries of the synchronization regime of chaotic self-oscillations.