gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of biophysical tumor response to PDT in pancreatic cancer using localized reflectance spectroscopy (2011)

Biophysical changes such as inflammation and necrosis occur immediately following PDT and may be used to assess the treatment response to PDT treatment in-vivo. This study uses localized reflectance measurements to quantify the scatter changes in tumor tissue occurring in response to verteporfin-based PDT treatment in xenograft pancreas tumors. Nude mice were implanted with subcutaneous AsPC-1 pancreatic tumors cells in matrigel, and allowed to establish solid tumors near 100mm3 volume. The mice were sensitized with 1mg/kg of the active component of verteporfin (benzoporphryin derivative, BPD), one hour before light delivery. The optical irradiation was performed using a 1 cm cylindrical interstitial diffusing tip fiber with 20J of red light (690nm). Tumor tissue was excised progressively and imaged, from 1 day to 4 weeks, after PDT treatment. The tissue sections were stained and analyzed by an expert veterinary pathologist, who provided information on tissue regions of interest. This information was correlated with variations in scattering and absorption parameters elucidated from the spectral images and the degree of necrosis and inflammation involvement was identified. Areas of necrosis and dead cells exhibited the lowest average scatter irradiance signature (3.78 and 4.07 respectively) compared to areas of viable pancreatic tumor cells and areas of inflammation (5.81 and 7.19 respectively). Bilirubin absorbance parameters also showed a lower absorbance value in necrotic tissue and areas of dead cells (0.05 and 0.1 respectively) compared to tissue areas for viable pancreatic tumor cells and areas of inflammation (0.28 and 0.35). These results demonstrate that localized reflectance spectroscopy is an imaging modality that can be used to identify tissue features associated with PDT treatment (e.g. necrosis and inflammation) that can be correlated with histopathologically-reviewed H&E stained slides. Further study of this technique may provide means for automated discrimination of tissue features based on scatter and absorbance maps elucidated from reflectance spectral datasets and provide a valuable tool for treatment response monitoring during PDT and enabling more effective treatment planning. These results are relevant to verteporfin-based PDT trial for treatment pancreatic cancer in non-surgical candidate cases (VERTPAC-1 University College London, PI Pereira), where individualized assessment of damage and response could be beneficial, if this study is proven to be a well-controlled imaging tool.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ru‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Addition to Form 1,5‐Diketones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transepithelial Transport and Enzymatic Detoxification of Gluten in Gluten-Sensitive Rhesus Macaques (2008)

Gluten-sensitive rhesus macaques may be an attractive resource for investigating important aspects of celiac disease, including enhanced intestinal permeability and pharmacology of oral enzyme drug candidates. Orally dosed EP-B2 exerts a protective effect against ingested gluten. Limited data suggest that enhanced permeability of short gluten peptides generated by gastrically active glutenases may trigger an elevated antibody response, but that these antibodies are not necessarily causative of clinical illness.
Characteristics of the binding of the anticancer agents mitoxantrone and ametantrone and related structures to deoxyribonucleic acids (1985)

The binding constants for interaction of the anticancer agents mitoxantrone and ametantrone and several congeners with calf thymus DNA and the effects of ionic strength changes have been determined spectrophotometrically. The agents show a preference for certain sequences, particularly those with GC base pairs, and the magnitude of the specificity depends on the specific substituents on the anthraquinone ring system. The binding constant for mitoxantrone with calf thymus DNA in 0.1 M Na+, pH 7, is approximately 6 X 10(6) M-1, and the rate constant for the sodium dodecyl sulfate driven dissociation of mitoxantrone from its calf thymus DNA complex under the same solution conditions and 20 degrees C was determined to be 1.3 s-1. The unwinding angle of mitoxantrone determined independently by viscosity measurements and by a novel assay employing calf thymus topoisomerase shows excellent agreement for a value of 17.5 degrees. The viscosity increase of sonicated calf thymus DNA varies considerably with the substituent on the anthraquinone ring system. Binding studies employing T4 and phi w-14 DNAs in which the major groove is occluded and the reverse experiment with anthramycin-treated calf thymus DNA indicate at least part of the mitoxantrone molecule may lie in the minor groove.
In-situ characterization of red blood cell aggregation measured with high frequency ultrasound in type 2 diabetic patients (2010)

The present study investigates in-vivo and in-situ red blood cell (RBC) aggregation in both upper and lower limbs with high frequency ultrasound in diabetic patients presenting lower limb ischemia. Ultrasonic radio-frequency images were acquired at 25 MHz from both cephalic (CEP) and great saphenous (GSV) veins in 10 healthy subjects (CONT group), 6 diabetic patients presenting intermittent claudication (Grade I group, i.e. Rutherford classification), and 4 diabetic patients affected by chronic critical ischemia (Grade II/III group). In addition to hemodynamic parameters (i.e. vessel diameters, blood flow velocities and shear rates), the mean fractal size of RBC aggregates (D) was estimated with the Structure Factor Size and Attenuation Estimator. In the Grade I group, D tended to be higher than CONT for the GSV only. Moreover, D values were significantly higher in GSV versus CEP in the Grade I group. Surprisingly, we also observed significantly lower D values in Grade II/III patients compared to Grade I for the GSV. This could be due to arteriovenous communications (and the concomitant increase in blood velocity) occurring in patients with chronic critical ischemia. In summary, we have been able to observe local differences in RBC aggregation in the lower limb with ultrasound. Rheological disorders are likely involved in the progression of lower limb ischemic phenomena. The proposed quantitative cellular imaging method could become an additional tool for the management of diabetic patients presenting lower limb ischemia.
Approaches to β-fused Porphyrinoporphyrins: Pyrrolo- and Dipyrromethaneporphyrins (1997)

Reaction of (2-nitro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)nickel(II) 3 or its copper(II) complex 4 with α-isocyanoacetic esters in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.O]undec-7-ene accomplishes the first syntheses of β-fused pyrroloporphyrins (e.g. 5-10). The removal of the fused pyrrole ester protecting groups to give the di-α-free pyrroloporphyrins 2a and 13 is described, as well as some pyrrole-type chemistry. Unsymmetrical fused dipyrromethanoporphyrins (16-18) were synthesized by reacting 5-acetoxymethylpyrrole-2-carboxylates (14,15) with mono-α-free pyrroloporphyrins (5-8) in the presence of Montmorillonite clay. A symmetrical bis-porphyrinyl dipyrromethane 19 was also prepared by condensation of the β-fused methyl ester pyrroloporphyrin 7 with dimethoxymethane in ethanol and concentrated hydrochloric acid. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Doxycycline on gene expression in Wolbachia and Brugia malayi adult female worms in vivo (2012)

Doxycycline reduced Wolbachia and significantly decreased bacterial gene expression. Wolbachia ribosomes are believed to be the primary biological target for doxycycline in filarial worms. B. malayi genes essential for reproduction, growth and development were also down-regulated; these changes are consistent with doxycycline effects on embryo development and reproduction. On the other hand, many B. malayi genes involved in energy production, electron-transport, metabolism, anti-oxidants, and others with unknown functions had increased expression signals after doxycycline treatment. These results suggest that female worms are able to compensate in part for the loss of Wolbachia so that they can survive, albeit without reproductive capacity. This study of doxycycline induced changes in gene expression has provided new clues regarding the symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia and B. malayi.
Elastic wave scattering from irregular voids (1983)

Results are presented for elastic wave scattering from irregular voids embedded in Ti alloy by the diffusion bonding process. The defects examined are: two overlapping spherical voids of unequal radii, two overlapping voids consisting of a sphere and a prolate spheroid, and a spherical void with an encircling crack. Representative plots are given for the raw waveforms, magnitude of the deconvolved Fourier transform, and in some cases the time impulse response function. The data are compared to and analyzed in terms of two current theoretical approaches. While good quantitative agreement was observed over certain ranges, the comparisons point to definite (in some cases not unexpected) limitations in either the pertaining theory or experiment or both. The results are discussed with an eye toward applications to nondestructive evaluation.
Opportunistic magnetotelluric transects from CSEM surveys in the Barents Sea (2021)

Summary Magnetotelluric (MT) data allow for electrical resistivity probing of the Earth's subsurface. Integration of resistivity models in passive margin studies could help disambiguate non-unique interpretations of crustal composition derived from seismic and potential field data, a recurrent issue in the distal domain. In this contribution, we present the first marine MT data in the Barents Sea, derived from industrial controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) surveys. We characterize data quality, dimensionality, depth penetration and elaborate an analysis strategy. The extensive MT database consists of 337 receivers located along 7 regional transects, emanating from ∼70,000 km2 of 3D CSEM surveys acquired for hydrocarbon exploration from 2007 to 2019. High-quality MT data are extracted for periods ranging from 0.5 s to 5000 s. The data show no apparent contamination by the active source nor effects related to large time-gaps in data collection and variable solar activity. Along receiver profiles, abrupt lateral variations of apparent resistivity and phase trends coincide with major structural boundaries and underline the geological information contained in the data. Dimensionality analysis reveals a dichotomy between the western domain of the SW Barents Sea, dominated by a single N-S electromagnetic strike, and the eastern domain, with a two-fold, period-dependent strike. 35 receivers show 3D distortion caused by nearby bathymetric slopes, evidenced by elevated skew values. We delineate geographical areas where the 2D assumption is tenable and lay the foundation for future MT modelling strategies in the SW Barents Sea. We performed 2D MT inversion along one of the regional transects, a ∼220 km-long, E-W profile encompassing a major structural high and sedimentary basin approaching the continent-ocean transition. The resistivity model reveals low crustal resistivity values (1–10 Ω.m) beneath the deep sedimentary basins, in marked contrast with high resistivity values (1000–5000 Ω.m) of the thick crystalline crust on the structural high. We interpret this abrupt lateral resistivity variation as a rapid transition from a thick, dry continental crust to a hyperextended and hydrated crustal domain. Integration of resistivity with seismic velocity, density and magnetic susceptibility models may further refine these structural models and the underlying tectonic processes in the SW Barents Sea margin. Our methodology is applicable globally where 3D CSEM surveys are acquired and has a large potential for harvesting new knowledge on the electrical resistivity properties of the lithosphere.
Similarity-Driven Visual-Interactive Prediction of Movie Ratings and Box Office Results (2013)

We present an approach developed in course of the VAST 2013 Mini Challenge: Visualize the Box Office. We follow a similarity-driven methodology to predict ratings and box office results based on historic data. An array of interactive visualizations allow ana-lysts to explore structured and unstructured data, activate their do-main background knowledge, and come up with predictions as a weighted sum of historically observed figures. We describe the workflow, our developed system, present results obtained during the Challenge execution, and discuss our method in light of exten-sion possibilities.
Brick manufacture with fly ash from Illinois coals. Quarterly report, 1 December 1994--28 February 1995 (1995)

This investigation seeks to utilize fly ash in fired-clay products such as building and patio bricks, ceramic blocks, field and sewer tile, and flower pots. This goal is accomplished by (1) one or more plant-scale, 5000-brick tests with fly ash mixed with brick clays at the 20% or higher level; (2) a laboratory-scale study to measure the firing reactions of a range of compositions of clay and fly ash mixtures; (3) a preliminary study to evaluate the potential environmental and economic benefits of brick manufacture with fly ash. Bricks and feed materials will be tested for compliance with market specifications and for leachability of pollutants derived from fly ash. The laboratory study will combine ISGS databases, ICCI-supported characterization methods, and published information to improve predictions of the firing characteristics of Illinois fly ash and brick clay mixtures. Because identical methods are used to test clay firing and coal ash fusion, and because melting mechanisms are the same, improved coal ash fusion predictions are an additional expected result of this research. If successful, this project should convert a disposal problem (fly ash) into valuable products-bricks. During this quarter we set up the manufacturing run at Colonial Brick Co., finalized arrangements for a larger brick manufacturing run at Marseilles Brick Co. in YR2, revised our laboratory procedures for selective dissolution analysis, obtained information to select three standard fly ashes, and continued our characterization of brick clays that could be mixed with fly ash for fired-clay products. Due to delays in other areas, we began construction of the optimization program for year 2. We discovered recently that fly ash dust will be an unanticipated problem at the brick plant.
Power spectral density estimation and tracking nonstationary pressure signals based on Kalman filtering (2005)

We describe an algorithm to estimate and track slow changes in power spectral density (PSD) of nonstationary pressure signals. The algorithm is based on a Kalman filter that adaptively generates an estimate of the autoregressive model parameters at each time instant. The algorithm exhibits superior PSD tracking performance in nonstationary pressure signals than classical nonparametric methodologies, and does not assume a piecewise stationary model of the data. Furthermore, it provides better time-frequency resolution, and is robust to model mismatches. We demonstrate its usefulness by a sample application involving PSD estimation and tracking of short records of simulated pressure waveforms. This algorithm is intended for applications were the PSD must be estimated and tracked during short transient periods, possibly after clinical interventions.
Implementing laser based failure analysis methodologies using test vehicles (2004)

Three test vehicles were designed in order to validate laser based failure analysis and process validation techniques. Two test vehicles in order to validate defect localization technique using a laser beam in integrated circuits, the third one is designed for single event upset sensitivity study in digital integrated circuits.
Figure S7 from Unbiased Metabolic Profiling Predicts Sensitivity of High MYC-Expressing Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors to Glutamine Inhibition with 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Flank tumor growth in response to DON and carboplatin&lt;/p&gt;
Detecting deception in Online Social Networks (2014)

Over the past decade Online Social Networks (OSNs) have been helping hundreds of millions of people develop reliable computer-mediated relations. However, many user profiles in OSNs contain misleading, inconsistent or false information. Existing studies have shown that lying in OSNs is quite widespread, often for protecting a user's privacy. In order for OSNs to continue expanding their role as a communication medium in our society, it is crucial for information posted on OSNs to be trusted. Here we define a set of analysis methods for detecting deceptive information about user genders in Twitter. In addition, we report empirical results with our stratified data set consisting of 174,600 Twitter profiles with a 50-50 breakdown between male and female users. Our automated approach compares gender indicators obtained from different profile characteristics including first name, user name, and layout colors. We establish the overall accuracy of each indicator and the strength of all possible values for each indicator through extensive experimentations with our data set. We define male trending users and female trending users based on two factors, namely the overall accuracy of each characteristic and the relative strength of the value of each characteristic for a given user. We apply a Bayesian classifier to the weighted average of characteristics for each user. We flag for possible deception profiles that we classify as male or female in contrast with a self-declared gender that we obtain independently of Twitter profiles. Finally, we use manual inspections on a subset of profiles that we identify as potentially deceptive in order to verify the correctness of our predictions.
The Influence of a Cyclooxygenase-1 Inhibitor on Injured and Uninjured Ligaments in the Rat (2003)

Background Results of previous studies have shown that piroxicam, a cyclooxygenase-1-2 inhibitor, improves the strength of healing ligaments, whereas celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, impairs ligament healing. Hypothesis The selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor, SC-560, will improve the strength of ligament healing in an in vivo rat model. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical transection of their medial collateral ligament. Postoperatively, 20 rats were given SC-560 at a low dose and 20 at a high dose for the first 6 days of recovery; the other 40 received a normal diet. The animals were sacrificed 14 days later, and both the injured and uninjured ligaments were mechanically tested to failure in tension. Results No significant differences in the strength of injured ligaments were found between drug and placebo treatment. However, the contralateral uninjured ligaments in the SC-560-treated groups failed at 27% higher energy and 22% higher load. Conclusions: This cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor did not improve the strength of ligament healing but did significantly improve the strength of the contralateral uninjured ligament. Clinical Relevance A pure cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor is probably not indicated as a positive influence on ligament healing but might provide benefits in ligament injury prevention.
Angle-resolved scattering measurements of polished surfaces and optical coatings at 157 nm (2003)

An angle-resolved scattering detection system has been designed and implemented for use at 157 nm. This tool will enable the optimization of polishing and thin-film deposition, whith an eye towards minimizing small-angle scatter in projection lithography tools. In this test-bed, scattered rays can be collected to 4° from the directional ray of the specularly transmitted beam (corresponding to spatial wavelengths of surface roughness below 2 &#956;m) over a dynamic range of 7 orders of magnitude, and to 0.5° with a dynamic range of 5 orders of magnitude. The angular scattering distributions in CaF<sub>2</sub> samples and antireflective coatings are compared. From these results, the impact of scattering on image performance in exposure tools at 157 nm is estimated.
In search of illumination invariants (2002)

We consider the problem of determining functions of an image of an object that are insensitive to illumination changes. We first show that for an object with Lambertian reflectance there are no discriminative functions that are invariant to illumination. This result leads as to adopt a probabilistic approach in which we analytically determine a probability distribution for the image gradient as a function of the surface's geometry and reflectance. Our distribution reveals that the direction of the image gradient is insensitive to changes in illumination direction. We verify this empirically by constructing a distribution for the image gradient from more than 20 million samples of gradients in a database of 1,280 images of 20 inanimate objects taken under varying lighting condition. Using this distribution we develop an illumination insensitive measure of image comparison and test it on the problem of face recognition.
Synthesis of Novel KDR Kinase Inhibitors through Catalytic Reductive Cyclization of o-Nitrobenzylcarbonyl Compounds (2004)

An efficient synthesis of o-nitrobenzylcarbonyl compounds is demonstrated through the Swern-type oxidation of readily accessible phenethanol analogues. Reductive cyclization of o-nitrobenzylcarbonyl 3 using catalytic Raney nickel gives 1H-indol-2-yl-1H-quinoline 2 in 95% yield. Hydrolysis of 2 affords the KDR kinase inhibitor 1 in quantitative yield. The examination of the reductive cyclization reaction and optimization of conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Constrained Bis(oxazoline) Derived Chiral Catalyst: A Highly Effective Enantioselective Diels‐Alder Reaction. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pathological Features of Lymph Node Metastasis for Predicting Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer (2012)

Our study confirms that the number of positive lymph nodes is a predictor of biochemical recurrence in men with node positive disease. The improvement in prognostic value of measuring the metastatic focus warrants further investigation.