gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Federated Optimization:Distributed Optimization Beyond the Datacenter (2015)

We introduce a new and increasingly relevant setting for distributed optimization in machine learning, where the data defining the optimization are distributed (unevenly) over an extremely large number of \nodes, but the goal remains to train a high-quality centralized model. We refer to this setting as Federated Optimization. In this setting, communication efficiency is of utmost importance. A motivating example for federated optimization arises when we keep the training data locally on users' mobile devices rather than logging it to a data center for training. Instead, the mobile devices are used as nodes performing computation on their local data in order to update a global model. We suppose that we have an extremely large number of devices in our network, each of which has only a tiny fraction of data available totally; in particular, we expect the number of data points available locally to be much smaller than the number of devices. Additionally, since different users generate data with different patterns, we assume that no device has a representative sample of the overall distribution. We show that existing algorithms are not suitable for this setting, and propose a new algorithm which shows encouraging experimental results. This work also sets a path for future research needed in the context of federated optimization.
Publisher Correction: A first experience of transduction for differentiated HepaRG cells using lentiviral technology (2021)

International audience
Organocatalytic Synthesis of Benzopyrans (2007)

An organocatalytic oxa-Michael-aldol condensation of salicylic aldehyde derivatives with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to give chromene-3-carbaldehyde derivatives with high chemo- and enantioselectivities but variable yields is reported. An easily accessible proline derivative A, derived from the grandfather of organocatalysts, is used as catalyst. The addition of molecular sieves to the reaction improves the yields significantly without adverse influence on the enantioselectivity. A mechanism for the stereochemical outcome of the reaction is given which is based on the X-ray crystal structure analysis of an enantiopure chromene-3-carboxylic acid, obtained by oxidation of the corresponding aldehyde. The scope of the reaction was modestly investigated.
On the Microstructure of Price Determination and Information Aggregation with Sequential and Asymmetric Information Arrival in an Experimental Asset Market (2004)

Experiments were conducted on an asset with the structure of an option. The information of any individual is limited, as if only the direction of movement of the option value known for a single period without information of the value from when movement was initiated. However, if all information of all insiders were pooled, the value of the option would be known with certainty. The results are the following: (1) Information becomes aggregated in the prices as if fully informative rational expectations operated; and (2) The mechanism through which information gets into the market is captured by a path dependent process that we term "The Fundamental Coordination Principle of Information Transfer in Competitive Markets". The early contracts tend to be initiated by insiders who tender limit orders. The emergence of bubbles and mirages in the markets are coincident with failures and circumstances that prevent the operation of the "Fundamental Principle."
Spectroscopic characterization of the microstructures in disk-like liquid-crystalline molecules: model compound for polymers (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic characterization of the microstructures in disk-like liquid-crystalline molecules: model compound for polymersMahmoud Kardan, Bruce B. Reinhold, Shaw Ling Hsu, Ranjit Thakur, and C. Peter LillyaCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 3, 616–621Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00157a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Protein Synthesis in Cultured Lens Epithelial Cells (1990)

Exposure of cultured rabbit lens epithelial cells to repetitive doses of UV-B radiation delays their growth and alters the synthesis of specific proteins. Irradiated cells on the shoulder of the survival curve exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in growth when subcultured in serum-supplemented medium. UV-B irradiation did not affect the subsequent attachment efficiency of the cells. Control and UV-B irradiated cells were incubated with [35S]methionine and the pattern of protein synthesis in the cells was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Analysis of the labeled proteins from cells exposed to UV-B radiation showed the induction of a 32 kD polypeptide and the loss of a 26 kD polypeptide compared with controls. Analysis of the proteins released by the UV-B irradiated cells into the culture medium revealed the 50% loss of a 37 kD radiolabeled protein compared with controls. The alteration of protein synthesis in lens epithelial cells by UV-B radiation may contribute to cataract formation.
Amsterdam as a Sustainable European Metropolis: Integration of Water, Energy and Material Flows (2013)

Amsterdam has the ambition to develop as a competitive and sustainable European metropolis. The flows of energy, water and resources within the urban environment have a large potential to contribute to this ambition. The overall mass balances of phosphate, food, water, energy and material imports in the Amsterdam region have already been mapped. Through a transition from a linear usage of resources and waste production without feedbacks of resources, towards a sustainable management of urban resources with circular flows of resources, the sustainability of cities can be increased. This Urban Harvesting Concept can be applied in Amsterdam. The challenge is to operationalize this concept in practice. Two municipal companies in Amsterdam, Waternet and AEB, take initiatives to create closed cycles within their working areas. Waternet is the water company of Amsterdam and surroundings responsible for all water activities. AEB is the company which operates two waste-to-energy plants in Amsterdam. The focus is on water, energy, waste and material flows. Integration of these cycles is also part of the initiatives. These circular flows result in economic benefits and sustainability benefits, either expressed as Ecopoints or CO2-emissions.
Enhanced Tissue Production through Redox Control in Stem Cell-Laden Hydrogels (2013)

Cellular bioenergetics and redox (reduction-oxidation) play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, key aspects of building new tissues. In the present study, we examined the metabolic characteristics of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) during proliferation and differentiation in both monolayer and three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds. In monolayer, hASCs exhibited higher glycolysis and lower ox-phos as compared to both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiated cells, and hASCs demonstrated the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis). However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased during adipogenic differentiation, but decreased during osteogenic differentiation. Similarly, a decrease in ROS levels along with a higher mitochondrial membrane potential and viability was observed in hASCs encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels containing an adhesion peptide (RGD), compared to PEG hydrogels with a scrambled control peptide (GRD), demonstrating that adhesion-dependent signaling can also regulate ROS production and bioenergetics. As a result, we hypothesized that we could modulate osteogenesis in PEG hydrogels containing the adhesion peptide (RGD) by further reducing ROS levels using a small therapeutic molecule, L-carnitine, a metabolite with purported antioxidant effects. We observed reduced ROS levels, no effect on mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased osteogenic differentiation and tissue production in cells in the presence of L-carnitine. These results suggest the potential to manipulate tissue production by modulating cellular metabolism.
Abstract 674: Novel combinatorial quinacrine cancer therapies for advanced colon cancer (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Although treatments have improved patient prognosis in early stages of colorectal cancer, new effective drugs with improved safety profiles are needed for improving the treatment of patients with advanced colon cancer. Quinacrine, a small molecule anti-malarial agent that has activity in giardiasis, lupus, prion disease, and used as a means of non-surgical sterilization, has shown cytotoxic activity across a broad range of cancers. The well characterized safety profile of quinacrine and its anticancer activity hold promise in novel combinatorial cancer therapies. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the potential of adding quinacrine to anticancer chemotherapeutics and targeted agents as a potential novel combinatorial therapy for advanced colon cancer and to detail the mechanism of action of quinacrine when combined with cancer chemotherapy and targeted agents. METHODS: In vitro dose-response curves and isobolograms were constructed for single agent and dual agent therapies using quinacrine, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and sorafenib using the following colon cancer cell lines: HT-29, HT-29-luc, HCT-15, HCT-116, HCT-116 p53−/−, HCT-116 bax−/−, RKO, DLD-1, SW-480, and SW-620. Western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to investigate potential mechanisms of action and to examine cell death. In vivo experiments were carried out to investigate toxicity and efficacy of combinatorial quinacrine chemotherapy in an athymic nu/nu mouse tumor xenograft model with human HT-29-luc cells. RESULTS: Single-agent quinacrine demonstrates potent anticancer activity with an average IC50 of 5.79 ± 0.83 μM across all ten colon cancer cell lines screened. In combination, quinacrine enhanced the anticancer activity of 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine while significantly synergizing with sorafenib. Western blot analysis revealed that quinacrine's anticancer activity partially arises from its ability to stabilize p53, elevate death receptor levels, and lower anti-apoptotic protein levels. Quinacrine, when combined with sorafenib, dramatically lowers levels of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. In vivo studies have shown that quinacrine monotherapy at a daily dose of 150 mg/kg significantly lowers the tumor load of nu/nu mice. CONCLUSIONS: Quinacrine is cytotoxic to a broad range of colon cancer cells lines and enhances the anticancer activity of chemotherapies such as 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and sorafenib. The administration of quinacrine in combination with chemotherapy agents and targeted agents in patients with advanced colon cancer should be further explored in the clinic. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 674. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-674
Rotor flux and speed estimators for induction motor drives. A performance evaluation (2005)

Flux and rotor speed observer is required for sensorless control of induction motor. This paper shows some different methods of estimation. There are two flux and three rotor speed estimators which were chosen from the most promising methods presented in literature. Description of control system with TMS320F2812 DSP and experimental results of proposed algorithms are given too.
Strain Dependent Electronic Structure and Band Offset Tuning at Heterointerfaces of ASnO3 (A=Ca, Sr, and Ba) and SrTiO3 (2017)

The valence band (VB) electronic structure and VB alignments at heterointerfaces of strained epitaxial stannate ASnO<sub>3</sub> (A=Ca, Sr, and Ba) thin films are characterized using in situ X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies, with band gaps evaluated using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with geometric phase analysis is used to resolve strain at atomic resolution. The VB electronic structure is strain state dependent in a manner that correlated with a directional change in Sn-O bond lengths with strain. However, VB offsets are found not to vary significantly with strain, which resulted in ascribing most of the difference in band alignment, due to a change in the band gaps with strain, to the conduction band edge. Our results reveal significant strain tuning of conduction band offsets using epitaxial buffer layers, with strain-induced offset differences as large as 0.6 eV possible for SrSnO<sub>3</sub>. Such large conduction band offset tunability through elastic strain control may provide a pathway to minimize the loss of charge confinement in 2-dimensional electron gases and enhance the performance of photoelectrochemical stannate-based devices.
Phosphoramidite Coupling to Oligonucleotides Bearing Unprotected Internucleosidic Phosphate Moieties (2001)

The coupling of 2-cyanoethyl thymidine phosphoramidite to solid-support-bound, phosphate-unprotected oligothymidylates and their phosphorothioate analogues was studied. The yield of the coupling reaction depended on the pK(BH)()+ values of protonated nitrogen bases that served as counterions to the phosphodiester functions of oligonucleotides. To maximize the coupling efficiency, the oligonucleotides were detritylated and washed with a mixture of 0.1 M DMAP and 0.1 M 1H-tetrazole, which resulted in a 98+% coupling efficiency. The utility of the results was demonstrated in the preparation of oligonucleotides with a mixed backbone that required the successive use of H-phosphonate and phosphoramidite methods of synthesis. Using this approach, 20-mer antisense oligonucleotides containing 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) ribonucleoside residues and phosphorothioate and phosphoramidate internucleosidic linkages were synthesized in high yield.
Intérêt d'un indicateur écotoxicologique pour diagnostiquer et comprendre l'état des milieux aquatiques et aider à la restauration (2016)

/ Cette étude a abordé deux questions essentielles et clés pour mieux comprendre l'impact de la pression chimique sur la toxicité et la vulnérabilité des milieux aquatiques et ainsi aider à mieux définir les stratégies d'aménagement. Si les outils de bio-indication répondent pleinement à leurs objectifs et permettent de caractériser la diversité, le fonctionnement et donc l'état écologique des milieux aquatiques, il est difficile d'établir un lien avec la pression chimique et par conséquent d'en évaluer leur impact sur le milieu. Dans ce travail, l'objectif était d'évaluer si les outils écotoxicologiques, construits autour de l'encagement de gammares pouvaient d'une part, aider à mieux qualifier l'impact toxique de la pression chimique des milieux et d'autre part mettre en évidence une variabilité temporelle de la toxicité. Ces travaux ont mis en évidence et confirmé que le test du taux d'alimentation chez le gammare est un outil très sensible et pertinent pour qualifier les stations et les hiérarchiser entre elles, au regard de leur niveau de contamination. C'est l'outil qui permet de discriminer le plus largement les stations les unes des autres. La mesure de la fécondité, bien qu'elle se soit montrée moins sensible, permet d'identifier les stations pour lesquelles le niveau de contamination n'affecte pas la survie, mais pour autant perturbe une fonction clé dans le maintien des populations. Les mesures de l'activité acétylcholinestérase et de la mue sont spécifiques d'une typologie de contaminants, n'identifiant qu'un faible nombre de stations, ce qui en fait des outils peu pertinents pour hiérarchiser les stations entre elles, comme le montre les résultats obtenus dans ce travail et doivent être proposés dans le cadre d'études spécifiques comme les bassins viticoles et arboricoles. Enfin, ces travaux montrent que la mesure du taux d'alimentation est un marqueur suffisamment sensible et pertinent pour décrire la variabilité de la toxicité des milieux. Il existe peu de travaux et outils permettant de caractériser la toxicité des cours d'eau dans le temps. Ces premiers travaux montrent que la toxicité des milieux varie dans le temps, avec des profils variés selon les stations et la pression chimique plus ou moins ponctuelle.
Ferrocenyl iron as a donor group for complexed silver in ferrocenyldimethyl[2.2]cryptand: a redox-switched receptor effective in water (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFerrocenyl iron as a donor group for complexed silver in ferrocenyldimethyl[2.2]cryptand: a redox-switched receptor effective in waterJulio C. Medina, Timothy T. Goodnow, Maria T. Rojas, Jerry L. Atwood, Bert C. Lynn, Angel E. Kaifer, and George W. GokelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 26, 10583–10595Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00052a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00052a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views695Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Preclinical Reversal of Atherosclerosis by FDA-Approved Compound that Transforms Cholesterol into an Anti-Inflammatory “Prodrug” (2016)

Although atherosclerosis is treatable with lipid-lowering drugs, not all patients respond. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CD) is an FDA-approved compound for solubilizing, capturing, and delivering lipophilic drugs in humans. Zimmer et al. report that CD mediates regression of atherosclerotic plaques in two mouse models by solubilizing cholesterol crystals (CCs), and promoting metabolism of CCs into water-soluble 27-hydroxycholesterol, which, in turn, activates anti-inflammatory LXR receptor target genes, promotes active and passive efflux of cholesterol from macrophages, and increases metabolic processing of cholesterol. In effect, CD inverts the role of its cargo, cholesterol, from inflammatory to anti-inflammatory by converting cholesterol into a "prodrug" that when modified to 27-hydroxycholesterol reduces atherosclerosis. This mechanism defines a new class of pharmaceuticals, "inverters": compounds that cause innate biomolecules to act opposite to their normal function. However, chronic CD treatment in animal models damages auditory cells, which must be addressed before CD can be developed as a systemic drug for atherosclerosis.
An Automated Workflow for Hemodynamic Computations in Cerebral Aneurysms (2020)

In recent years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a valuable tool for investigating hemodynamics in cerebral aneurysms. CFD provides flow-related quantities, which have been shown to have a potential impact on aneurysm growth and risk of rupture. However, the adoption of CFD tools in clinical settings is currently limited by the high computational cost and the engineering expertise required for employing these tools, e.g., for mesh generation, appropriate choice of spatial and temporal resolution, and of boundary conditions. Herein, we address these challenges by introducing a practical and robust methodology, focusing on computational performance and minimizing user interaction through automated parameter selection. We propose a fully automated pipeline that covers the steps from a patient-specific anatomical model to results, based on a fast, graphics processing unit- (GPU-) accelerated CFD solver and a parameter selection methodology. We use a reduced order model to compute the initial estimates of the spatial and temporal resolutions and an iterative approach that further adjusts the resolution during the simulation without user interaction. The pipeline and the solver are validated based on previously published results, and by comparing the results obtained for 20 cerebral aneurysm cases with those generated by a state-of-the-art commercial solver (Ansys CFX, Canonsburg PA). The automatically selected spatial and temporal resolutions lead to results which closely agree with the state-of-the-art, with an average relative difference of only 2%. Due to the GPU-based parallelization, simulations are computationally efficient, with a median computation time of 40 minutes per simulation.