gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inheritance and QTL Mapping of Leaf Nutrient Concentration in a Cotton Inter-Specific Derived RIL Population (2015)

Developing and deploying cotton cultivars with high nutrient uptake, use efficiency and tolerance to nutrient related soil stresses is desirable to assist sustainable soil management. Genetic variation, heritability, selection response and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were investigated for five macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and five micronutrients (Fe, Mn, B, Zn, and Cu) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from an inter-specific cross between Gossypium hirsutum cv. Guazuncho 2, and G. barbadense accession VH8-4602. Na and K/Na ratio were also studied as the imbalance between Na and other nutrients is detrimental to cotton growth and development. The concentrations of nutrients were measured for different plant parts of the two parents and for leaf samples of the whole population collected at early to peak flowering in field experiments over two years in a sodic Vertosol soil. Parental contrast was large for most nutrient concentrations in leaves when compared with other plant parts. Segregation for leaf nutrient concentration was observed within the population with transgression for P, K, K/Na ratio and all micronutrients. Genotypic difference was the major factor behind within-population variation for most nutrients, while narrow sense heritability was moderate (0.27 for Mn and Cu, and 0.43 for B). At least one significant QTL was identified for each nutrient except K and more than half of those QTLs were clustered on chromosomes 14, 18 and 22. Selection response was predicted to be low for P and all micronutrients except B, high for K, Na and B, and very high for K/Na ratio. Correlations were more common between macronutrients, Na and K/Na ratio where the nature and strength of the relations varied (r=-0.69 to 0.76). We conclude that there is sufficient genetic diversity between these two tetraploid cotton species that could be exploited to improve cotton nutrient status by introgressing species-unique favourable alleles.
Distortion-free inside-out imaging for rapid diagnostics of rechargeable Li-ion cells (2019)

Safety risks associated with modern high energy-dense rechargeable cells highlight the need for advanced battery screening technologies. A common rechargeable cell exposed to a uniform magnetic field creates a characteristic field perturbation due to the inherent magnetism of electrochemical materials. The perturbation pattern depends on the design, state of charge, accumulated mechanical defects, and manufacturing flaws of the device. The quantification of the induced magnetic field with MRI provides a basis for noninvasive battery diagnostics. MRI distortions and rapid signal decay are the main challenges associated with strongly magnetic components present in most commercial cells. These can be avoided by using Single-Point Ramped Imaging with <i>T</i><sub><i>1</i></sub> enhancement (SPRITE). The method is immune to image artifacts arising from strong background gradients and eddy currents. Due to its superior image quality, SPRITE is highly sensitive to defects and the state of charge distribution in commercial Li-ion cells.
A randomized, controlled trial evaluating the three-year clinical effectiveness of two etch & rinse adhesives in cervical lesions. (2004)

A three-year randomized, controlled prospective study evaluated the clinical performance of two three-step etch & rinse adhesives (OptiBond FL, Kerr: O-FL; PermaQuick, Ultradent: PMQ) in Class V cervical erosion-abrasion lesions. The latter adhesive was also tested with two restorative composites with contrasting stiffness in order to evaluate the effect composite stiffness might have on the clinical longevity of cervical restorations. A total of 150 lesions were randomly restored in pairs of the three adhesive/composite combinations (PMQ combined with Amelogen Hybrid: PMQ/A-Hy, Ultradent; PMQ combined with Amelogen Microfill: PMQ/A-Mi, Ultradent; O-FL combined with Prodigy: O-FLJPro, Kerr) per patient and evaluated at baseline, after six months, one year, two years and three years of clinical service. After three years, the retention rate was 100% for O-FL/Pro and 98% for both PMQ/A-Hy and PMQ/A-Mi, thereby, satisfying the "full acceptance" guidelines specified by the American Dental Association. A pairwise comparison showed no significant difference in adhesive performance between restorations made using the microfilled and hybrid composite for any evaluation criteria (p>0.05).
The Glowworm hash: Increased speed and security for BBC unkeyed jam resistance (2012)

Jam resistance for omnidirectional wireless networks is an important problem. Existing jam-resistant systems use a secret spreading sequence or secret hop sequence, or some other information that must be kept secret from the jammer. There is currently only one system for achieving such jam resistance without any shared secret: BBC coding. BBC requires the use of a hash function that is fast and secure, but ”secure” in a different sense than for standard cryptographic hashes. At MILCOM-2010, the Inchworm hash was presented [1], which is 300 times faster than SHA-1 for this application, and had no security flaws yet known. A variant of it, Inchworm-S, was also presented, that was intended to be more secure. We present an academic break of both Inchworm and Inchworm-S, and a practical break of the former. The advantage to the attacker is very small, but it is definitely detectable. We also present a new hash algorithm: Glowworm. Glowworm is simpler than Inchworm, and the same speed as Inchworm-S, while being more secure. We mathematically prove that it is immune to the theoretical attack we show for Inchworm and Inchworm-S. We also show empirically that it is immune to our empirical attack on Inchworm, even when the attack algorithm is run for much longer periods. In fact, we show that for our best attack software, it is indistinguishable from SHA-1, MD5, and all five SHA-3 candidates. We also mathematically prove that it has avalanche properties that prevent many other types of internal-state collisions and related attacks. We give a public domain, optimized, portable, C implementation of Glowworm. For incremental hashes as used in BBC codes, it can hash a string of arbitrary length in 11 clock cycles. That is not 11 cycles per bit or 11 cycles per byte. That is 11 cycles to hash the entire string, given that the current string being hashed differs from the last in only an addition or deletion of its last bit. Finally, we discuss our implementation of Glowworm in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), where it runs in just one clock cycle per string, using only a modest amount of resources. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Silencing of X-Linked MicroRNAs by Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation (2015)

During the pachytene stage of meiosis in male mammals, the X and Y chromosomes are transcriptionally silenced by Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation (MSCI). MSCI is conserved in therian mammals and is essential for normal male fertility. Transcriptomics approaches have demonstrated that in mice, most or all protein-coding genes on the X chromosome are subject to MSCI. However, it is unclear whether X-linked non-coding RNAs behave in a similar manner. The X chromosome is enriched in microRNA (miRNA) genes, with many exhibiting testis-biased expression. Importantly, high expression levels of X-linked miRNAs (X-miRNAs) have been reported in pachytene spermatocytes, indicating that these genes may escape MSCI, and perhaps play a role in the XY-silencing process. Here we use RNA FISH to examine X-miRNA expression in the male germ line. We find that, like protein-coding X-genes, X-miRNAs are expressed prior to prophase I and are thereafter silenced during pachynema. X-miRNA silencing does not occur in mouse models with defective MSCI. Furthermore, X-miRNAs are expressed at pachynema when present as autosomally integrated transgenes. Thus, we conclude that silencing of X-miRNAs during pachynema in wild type males is MSCI-dependent. Importantly, misexpression of X-miRNAs during pachynema causes spermatogenic defects. We propose that MSCI represents a chromosomal mechanism by which X-miRNAs, and other potential X-encoded repressors, can be silenced, thereby regulating genes with critical late spermatogenic functions.
Understanding mobility mechanisms in extremely scaled HfO<inf>2</inf> (EOT 0.42 nm) using remote interfacial layer scavenging technique and V<inf>t</inf>-tuning dipoles with gate-first process (2009)

We demonstrate a novel ¿remote interfacial layer (IL) scavenging¿ technique yielding a record-setting equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 0.42 nm using a HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based MOSFET high-¿ gate dielectric. Intrinsic effects of IL scaling on carrier mobility are clarified using this method. We reveal that the mobility degradation observed for La-containing high-¿ is not due to the La dipole but due to the intrinsic IL scaling effect, whereas an Al dipole brings about additional mobility degradation. This unique nature of the La dipole enables aggressive EOT scaling in conjunction with IL scaling for the 16 nm technology node without extrinsic mobility degradation.
Nanothin Coculture Membranes with Tunable Pore Architecture and Thermoresponsive Functionality for Transfer-Printable Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Sheets (2015)

Coculturing stem cells with the desired cell type is an effective method to promote the differentiation of stem cells. The features of the membrane used for coculturing are crucial to achieving the best outcome. Not only should the membrane act as a physical barrier that prevents the mixing of the cocultured cell populations, but it should also allow effective interactions between the cells. Unfortunately, conventional membranes used for coculture do not sufficiently meet these requirements. In addition, cell harvesting using proteolytic enzymes following coculture impairs cell viability and the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by the cultured cells. To overcome these limitations, we developed nanothin and highly porous (NTHP) membranes, which are ∼20-fold thinner and ∼25-fold more porous than the conventional coculture membranes. The tunable pore size of NTHP membranes at the nanoscale level was found crucial for the formation of direct gap junctions-mediated contacts between the cocultured cells. Differentiation of the cocultured stem cells was dramatically enhanced with the pore size-customized NTHP membrane system compared to conventional coculture methods. This was likely due to effective physical contacts between the cocultured cells and the fast diffusion of bioactive molecules across the membrane. Also, the thermoresponsive functionality of the NTHP membranes enabled the efficient generation of homogeneous, ECM-preserved, highly viable, and transfer-printable sheets of cardiomyogenically differentiated cells. The coculture platform developed in this study would be effective for producing various types of therapeutic multilayered cell sheets that can be differentiated from stem cells.
Quality Aware Aerial-to-Ground 5G Cells through Open-Source Software (2019)

This paper investigates the advantages and design challenges of leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to deploy 4G/5G femto- and pico-cells to provide quality-aware user service and improve network performance. In order to do so, we combine UAVs dashing flight capabilities with Software-defined Radios (SDRs) flexibility and devise the concept of self-optimizing UAV Base Stations (UABSs). The proposed framework allows for on-the-fly drone repositioning based on rigorous optimization techniques using real-time network metrics to enhance users' service. This makes it possible to offload the traditional cellular infrastructure, or to mend its temporary failure, by deploying UABSs in areas of interest. Cellular connectivity is, then, provided to mobile subscribers through the LTE-compliant OpenAirInterface software interfaced with the on-drone SDR. We first describe the UABS design challenges and approaches. Then, we give details on the devised optimization algorithm and its main requirements. Finally, we illustrate a prototype implementation of the proposed UABS that leverages an SDR device and a PX4 flight controller, and test its effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrate that UABSs are able to autonomously reposition themselves based on cellular network metrics and to improve network performance.
Influence of processing variables and aluminum content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Mg-Al alloys. (1997)

Using statistical design of experiments, a variety of industrially relevant Mg-Al microstructures were developed and characterized by investigating casting variables such as; Al content, solidification rate, grain refinement, gas content, HIPing, and post-casting thermal treatment. The microstructures were microscopically characterized and the statistical results not only exemplified the power of experimental design but also generated a wealth of knowledge concerning individual factors and their interactions. A significant contribution towards this goal was the measurement of cast Mg-Al solidification parameters via thermal analysis which were then related to the resultant microstructure. A statistical model was developed for the liquidus and solidus temperatures as a function of the solidification rate and Al content. The thermal analysis data was used in an existing solidification modeling code. Statistical analysis of the experiments led to the determination of the variables that are significant with respect to tensile and impact testing. These included Al content, HIPing, solidification rate, grain refinement and hydrogen gas level in descending significance. Furthermore, differences in the test response as a result of testing conditions such as strain rate were highlighted. Additional experimentation was used to construct an outline for the development of strength and ductility in Mg-Al alloys. The single most significant factor contributing to the variability in the tensile and impact data was the Al content. Increasing the Al content increased the strength while reducing the total amount of deformation possible, and reduced the amount of planar cleavage fracture. HIPing and solid solution heat treatment were shown to reduce the strength although a significant increase of elongation to failure is achievable after only 2.2 hours whereas further heat treatment failed to produce any significant additional increase. This exhibits a window of opportunity to reduce solution heat treat times while maintaining optimal properties. The effect of strain rate appears to be secondary compared to the effect of porosity level on the die cast mechanical properties. This fact indicates that development of a reduced-porosity high volume die casting process would greatly expand the envelope within which to design Mg-Al components.
PCA-FX : A New Supervised Feature Extraction Scheme based on PCA (2005)

Feature extraction is necessary to classify a data with large dimension such as image data. It is important that the obtained features include the maximum information of input data. The representative methods for feature extraction are PCA, ICA, LDA and MLP etc. PCA, ICA are unsupervised type algorithms, and LDA, MLP are supervised type algorithms. Supervised type algorithms are more suitable for feature extraction because of using input data with class information. In this paper, we suggest the feature extraction scheme which uses class information to extract features by PCA. We test our algorithm using Yale face database and analyze the performance to compare with other algorithms.
Robust multimodal understanding (2004)

Contemporary multimodal prototypes provide an excellent proof of concept but are not sufficiently robust in their handling of user input to be adopted by real users engaged in complex tasks. Our goal is to investigate techniques that improve the robustness of multimodal understanding to the point where effective multimodal interfaces can be made feasible. We present two different approaches - a pattern-matching based approach and a classification-based approach to robust multimodal understanding. We compare these approaches by evaluating them on data collected in the context of a multimodal conversational system.
Selective Deesterification Studies on Taxanes: Simple and Efficient Hydrazinolysis of C-10 and C-13 Ester Functionalities (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Deesterification Studies on Taxanes: Simple and Efficient Hydrazinolysis of C-10 and C-13 Ester FunctionalitiesApurba Datta, Michael Hepperle, and Gunda I. GeorgCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3, 761–763Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00108a053Request reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (315 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Fig. S1 from Gemcitabine sensitization by checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition correlates with inhibition of a Rad51 DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S1 from Gemcitabine sensitization by checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition correlates with inhibition of a Rad51 DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells
Morphology of Electrophoretically Deposited Films on Electrode Strips B (2013)

Studies of the kinetics of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) processes have generally focused on electrode geometries that yield analytical solutions, such as infinite parallel planes and concentric cylinders. In this article, we construct a finite element model for EPD of material onto a planar strip electrode, which shows excellent qualitative agreement to experimental results in a similar system. Notably, we demonstrate that the presence of the edges of the electrode lead to a singularity in the electric field that significantly affects the morphology of the deposit at short times or for thin deposits.
Human Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Intramuscular Midazolam Administered by Autoinjector (2010)

Midazolam in an autoinjector was evaluated in an open-label dose escalation study involving 39 healthy participants. Safety and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for doses ranging from 5 to 30 mg. No serious adverse events were noted during the study. Two participants (30 mg) experienced changes in their electrocardiogram (trigeminy and prolongation of QRS complex) that met the criteria for dose-limiting adverse events. No significant respiratory depression was noted during the study. The midazolam doses studied exhibited a median t(max) of 0.5 hours with a geometric mean terminal elimination half-life value of 4.1 hours (range, 2.9-4.5 hours). The extent of systemic exposure, assessed by area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (C(max)), tended to increase proportionally with increasing doses from 5 to 30 mg; however, for the male 30-mg group, there was evidence of a larger than proportional increase in AUC.
Optical time lens based on four-wave mixing on a silicon chip (2008)

We propose a new technique to realize an optical time lens for ultrafast temporal processing that is based on four-wave mixing in a silicon nanowaveguide. The demonstrated time lens produces more than 100 pi of phase shift, which is not readily achievable using electro-optic phase modulators. Using this method we demonstrate 20x magnification of a signal consisting of two 3 ps pulses, which allows for temporal measurements using a detector with a 20 GHz bandwidth. Our technique offers the capability of ultrafast temporal characterization and processing in a chip-scale device.
<title>Stimulated Raman diagnostics in diesel droplets</title> (1991)

Stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS) can simultaneously measure droplet sizes and the associated component concentrations in a fuel injection. As spray evaporation is crucial in determining the performance parameters of a diesel engine, such as cold start and particulate emission formation, the new application of the method for spatially and temporally resolved measurements is a useful new diagnostic, extending our understanding of spray processes. Droplet sizes can be obtained from single shot SRS spectra by measuring the separation between morphology-dependent resonances (MDR) that correspond to standing wave modes confined near the droplet circumference. Power spectrum analysis allows the measurement of more than one droplet from a spectrum using a pumped laser sheet in the fuel spray. The MDRs are responsible for the simultaneous stimulation of multiple Raman spectral lines over and above those seen in bulk liquids. The SRS method for concentration measurement is effectively self-calibrating in that the relative intensity of two adjacent lines is used to measure concentration. Any particular fuel has a unique ratio of SRS antisymmetric to symmetric C-H stretch intensity. If individual components in a fuel blend are characterized beforehand, one can monitor the evolution of the spray during injection by measuring signal intensity ratios which yield the volume fraction of the component of interest. The SRS technique is being used to examine a number of spray dynamics phenomena such as fuel atomization, droplet evolution and front-end volatility effects, which are of current interest in diesel development studies.
O1–02–04: The beta‐amyloid aggregate count in CSF is a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative and progressive disorder. Currently, no reliable biomarker for pre-symptomatic diagnosis or therapy monitoring is available. Recent studies support that especially soluble Aβ oligomers are the major toxic species during development and progression of AD. Therefore, we suggest that the number of Aβ oligomers in body fluids can be used as the most direct biomarker for AD. Here, we present an optimized version of the single aggregate sensitive surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) assay. For the first time, it allowed the determination of the Aβ oligomer count in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We challenged the assay with CSF samples of 14 AD patients and 12 age-matched control subjects. The Aβ oligomer count allowed a surprisingly clear distinction between both groups. All samples of the control group showed homogenously low numbers of Aβ oligomers. The samples of the AD group had comparably high levels of Aβ oligomers and displayed high variability. The Aβ oligomer levels clearly correlated with the patients' mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. Our results support the idea that Aβ oligomers play a decisive role in AD pathology and in turn can be used as a diagnostic biomarker. The sFIDA assay is able to reliably quantify the Aβ oligomers in human CSF. The correlation between MMSE and Aβ oligomer count suggests that the quantitity of Aβ oligomers in CSF even reflects the severity of the disease. Further studies will show whether anti-Aβ targeted therapies can affect the Aβ oligomer counts in treated individuals.