gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antenna Boosters versus Flexible Printed Circuit Antennas for IoT Devices (2022)

Antennas should be small enough to fit in the limited space of IoT devices and, at the same time, with multi-band operation across several bands as well as ensure stability when embedded in a device. In this regard, two different technologies are compared: antenna booster and flexible printed circuit antenna. A comparison is addressed from measured results in terms of efficiency, concluding that despite the antenna booster is more than fifty times smaller in area, it provides better efficiency across the frequency range of 698–960 MHz and 1710–2690 MHz across three different printed circuit boards (PCB): a big PCB of 131 mm × 60 mm, a medium PCB of 95 mm × 42 mm, and a small PCB of 65 mm × 42 mm. Moreover, the flexible printed antenna depends on the mounting process, whereas the antenna booster does not.
Dual gate lateral inversion layer emitter transistor for power and high voltage integrated circuits (2004)

The dual gate lateral inversion layer emitter transistor (DGLILET) is a versatile device with controlled carrier injection and ultra-fast switching capability. The DGLILET has improved trade-off between the on-state and turn-off losses, enabling the performance of high voltage integrated circuits (HVICs) to be enhanced by reducing overall losses at switching frequencies over approximately 10 kHz. This paper focuses on the use of the DGLILET in these applications and demonstrates experimental results of the fabricated devices confirming the enhanced performance.
Cox regression models with functional covariates for survival data (2015)

We extend the Cox proportional hazards model to cases when the exposure is a densely sampled functional process, measured at baseline. The fundamental idea is to combine penalized signal regression with methods developed for mixed effects proportional hazards models. The model is fit by maximizing the penalized partial likelihood, with smoothing parameters estimated by a likelihood-based criterion such as AIC or EPIC. The model may be extended to allow for multiple functional predictors, time varying coefficients, and missing or unequally-spaced data. Methods were inspired by and applied to a study of the association between time to death after hospital discharge and daily measures of disease severity collected in the intensive care unit, among survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
A preliminary attendance of the Health Centre Osijek, the Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia, on implementation of the National Program for Screening of Breast Cancer (2007)

Background: Croatia is in the very top of the European countries in both cancer incidence and mortality rates. Between 1990 and 2003, the number of newly diagnosed patients increased from 16.318 to 19.839 (by 29% of incidence rate) and the number of deaths increased from 10.777 to 12.373 (by 22% of mortality rate). Therefore, the Croatian Oncology Society of the Croatian Medical Association, with support of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, has recently inaugurated the National Program for Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer. Exactly, the Program started on 2 October 2006, with early detection of breast cancer, the most frequent cancer site in women, with incidence and mortality rate of 92.6 and 40.1 respectively (2004) Objective: to show the preliminary results of breast cancer screening survey, carried out by the Osijek Health Centre, where the main mammography unit in the Osijek-Baranja County is taken place. The Osijek Health Centre has a long-lasting experience in performing activities on primary prevention and early detection of cancer, contributing lot to implementation of the National Program. Methods: High quality mammography, double reading, for women aged 50-69, by 2 yearly examination protocol, is being applied. Data from the Croatian Health Insurance Institute on population in target group are used. Women are motivated on screening through promotional publications and media campaigns and invited by mail. Results: Until 31 May 2007 (a 7-month survey) a total number of 4673 women underwent mamography. There were 3 new cases of breast cancer detected (0.64%) and 100 cases thoroughly suspected on cancer (2.14%) which matches well the expected number of positive results.
Analysis of community-contributed space-and time-referenced data (example of Panoramio photos) (2009)

Space- and time-referenced data published on the Web by general people can be viewed in a dual way: as independent spatio-temporal events and as trajectories of people in the geographical space. These two views suppose different approaches to the analysis, which can yield different kinds of valuable knowledge about places and about people. We present several analysis methods corresponding to these two views. The methods are suited to the large amounts of the data.
Learning Temporal State of Diabetes Patients via Combining Behavioral and Demographic Data (2017)

Diabetes is a serious disease affecting a large number of people. Although there is no cure for diabetes, it can be managed. Especially, with advances in sensor technology, lots of data may lead to the improvement of diabetes management, if properly mined. However, there usually exists noise or errors in the observed behavioral data which poses challenges in extracting meaningful knowledge. To overcome this challenge, we learn the latent state which represents the patient's condition. Such states should be inferred from the behavioral data but unknown a priori. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to capture the trajectory of latent states for patients from behavioral data while exploiting their demographic differences and similarities to other patients. We conduct a hypothesis test to illustrate the importance of the demographic data in diabetes management, and validate that each behavioral feature follows an exponential or a Gaussian distribution. Integrating these aspects, we use a Demographic feature restricted hidden Markov model (DfrHMM) to estimate the trajectory of latent states by integrating the demographic and behavioral data. In DfrHMM, the latent state is mainly determined by the previous state and the demographic features in a nonlinear way. Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques are used for model parameter estimation. Experiments on synthetic and real datasets show that DfrHMM is effective in diabetes management.
Request combining in multiprocessors with arbitrary interconnection networks (1994)

Several techniques have been proposed to allow parallel access to a shared memory location by combining requests. They have one or more of the following attributes: requirements for a priori knowledge of the request to combine, restrictions on the routing of messages in the network, or the use of sophisticated interconnection network nodes. We present a new method of combining requests that does not have the above requirements. We obtain this new method for request combining by developing a classification scheme for the existing methods of request combining. This classification scheme is facilitated by separating the request combining process into a two part operation: determining the combining set, which is the set of requests that participate in a combined access; and distributing the results of the combined access to the members of the combining set. The classification of combining strategies is based upon which system component, processor elements, or interconnection network performs each of these tasks. Our approach, which uses the interconnection network to establish the combining set and the processor elements to distribute the results, lies in an unexplored area of the design space. We also present simulation results to assess the benefits of the proposed approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design and fabrication of a window for the gas Cherenkov detector 3 (2016)

The gas Cherenkov detector 3 was designed at Los Alamos National Laboratory for use in inertial confinement fusion experiments at both the Omega Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility. This instrument uses a low-Z gamma-to-electron convertor plate and high pressure gas to convert MeV gammas into UV/visible Cherenkov photons for fast optical detection. This is a follow-on diagnostic from previous versions, with two notable differences: the pressure of the gas is four times higher, and it allows the use of fluorinated gas, requiring metal seals. These changes force significant changes in the window component, having a unique set of requirements and footprint limitations. The selected solution for this component, a sapphire window brazed into a stainless steel flange housing, is described.
Giant spin Hall magnetoresistance in metallic bilayers (2015)

The spin Hall effect in heavy metals generates spin current that enables control of magnetization of an nearby magnetic layer. Conversely, such flow of spin current can influence the transport properties of the system itself. For example, the resistance of a Pt layer attached to a magnetic insulator changes as the direction of the magnetization is changed. Such effect, now commonly referred to as the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR), has been reported to be, however, order of magnitude smaller than the conventional anisotropic magnetoresistance in magnetic materials. Here we report giant spin Hall magnetoresistance in a metallic bilayer system. We find nearly a ten-fold increase of SMR in W/CoFeB compared to the previously studied heavy metal/magnetic insulator systems. The large SMR accounts for the unconventionally large transverse magnetoresistance found in this system, manifesting the profound effect of spin current generated via the spin Hall effect on the electrical transport properties. We show that the SMR is defined at the heavy metal/magnetic layer interface even for metallic heterostructures in which current flows into the magnetic layer. These results demonstrate that SMR can be used as a powerful tool to evaluate the flow and accumulation of spin current in metallic heterostructures.
Tunnel oxide prepared by thermal oxidation of thin polysilicon film on silicon (TOPS) (1993)

A textured tunnel oxide, TOPS, prepared by thermally oxidizing a thin polysilicon film on a Si substrate is reported. Due to the rapid diffusion of oxygen through the grain boundaries of the thin polysilicon into Si substrate and the enhanced oxidation rate at the grain boundaries, a textured Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface is obtained. The textured interface results in localized high fields and enhances electron injection into TOPS. TOPS exhibits a higher electron injection efficiency, a better immunity to the electron trapping and interface state generation under high-field operation, and a higher asymmetric injection polarity than the normal oxide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficient and precise modeling of exceptions for the analysis of Java programs (1999)

The Factored Control Flow Graph, FCFG, is a novel representation of a program's intraprocedural control flow, which is designed to efficiently support the analysis of programs written in languages, such as Java, that have frequently occurring operations whose execution may result in exceptional control flow. The FCFG is more compact than traditional CFG representations for exceptional control flow, yet there is no loss of precision in using the FCFG. In this paper, we introduce the FCFG representation and outline how standard forward and backward data flow analysis algorithms can be adapted to work on this representation. We also present empirical measurements of FCFG sizes for a large number of methods obtained from a variety of Java programs, and compare these sizes with those of a traditional CFG representation.
Genetic heterogeneity in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (2000)

LKB1, the human gene encoding a serine threonine kinase, was recently identified as a susceptibility gene for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a disease characterized by the constellation of intestinal hamartomata, oral mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, and an increased risk for gastrointestinal as well as extraintestinal malignancies. To date, the majority of individuals with PJS have been found to have genetic alterations in LKB1, most of which result in protein truncation. Additionally, linkage analyses have suggested a modicum of genetic heterogeneity, with the majority of PJS families showing linkage to the LKB1 locus. In this study, we evaluated five kindreds with greater than two affected family members, five PJS probands with only one other affected family member, as well as 23 individuals with sporadic PJS for mutations within the LKB1 gene. Conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis was utilized for the initial screen, followed by direct sequence analysis for characterization. Long-range PCR was used for the detection of larger genetic insertions or deletions. Mutation analysis revealed genetic alterations in LKB1 in two probands who had a family history of PJS. LKB1 mutations were detected in only four of the remaining 23 cases of sporadic PJS. These data suggest the presence of significant genetic heterogeneity for PJS and the involvement of other loci in this syndrome.
1.7 Hydrogenolysis of Ethers (2017)

Abstract Selective hydrogenolysis of ethers to alcohols and hydrocarbons is becoming possible with appropriate metal catalysts. Total removal of oxygen atoms from functionalized ethers to give alkanes, especially from furan derivatives toward biofuels, is catalyzed by a combination of metal and acid.
WORTECS: enabling untethered Virtual Reality through Optical Wireless Communication (2020)

WORTECS (Wireless Optical and Radio TErabit CommunicationS) is an European H2020 project focused on providing an ultra-high speed and ultra-low latency (below 3 ms) platform for virtual reality applications with optimal quality of experience. The project addresses these challenging requirements by combining high-speed Optical Wireless Communication, 240 GHz radiofrequency links, and Fiber Wireless Fiber with steering capabilities. WORTECS consortium is formed by top universities in the field of OWC, FWF and Terahertz design, and key industrial players. In addition, an innovative and efficient convergence layer has been developed to orchestrate at optimal performance all the technologies involved in the project.
Disaggregation of Cold Appliance Loads from Smart Meter Data Processing (2020)

In a context where an increasing flexibility is required from the demand side in distribution systems, cold appliances such as refrigerators can offer a continuous and non-negligible flexibility potential. Nevertheless, efficient demand response schemes based on cold appliances inevitably rely on the accurate estimation of their actual load not only at an aggregate level, but directly at the household level. Therefore, we propose two novel approaches to disaggregate the load profile of cold appliances from residential smart meter data. Both approaches are complementary and exhibit a MAE generally lower than 40W with 1- to 15-minute resolution data at the household level. Their applicability is finally demonstrated on more than 4000 loads.
Conditions Affecting Germination of Clostridium botulinum 62A Spores in a Chemically Defined Medium (1970)

Spores of Clostridium botulinum type 62A were germinated in a chemically defined medium (8 mm l-cysteine, 11.9 mm sodium bicarbonate, 4.4 mm sodium thioglycolate; buffered with 100 mm TES, pH 7.0). The rate and extent of germination were increased when an aqueous spore suspension was heated sublethally (80 C, 60 min) before addition to the germination medium. Neither sublethal nor lethal doses of gamma radiation had any marked effect on subsequent germination. Maximum germination (>90% in 2 hr) in the defined medium occurred in the pH range of 6.5 to 7.5, at 30 to 37 C, with an l-cysteine level of 8 mm. Increasing l-cysteine to 32 mm increased the rate (over that with 8 mm l-cysteine) but not the extent of germination. The rate and extent of germination increased with NaHCO(3) addition to 8.3 mm, but increasing levels to 11.9 mm had no further effect. For maximum germination, 2.2 mm sodium thioglycolate was required and higher levels (to 8.8 mm) had no further enhancing or inhibitory effect. Under optimal conditions for germination, 97% of the spores had become heat sensitive; 98% had become sensitive to radiation; 88 and 91% had become phase dark and stainable, respectively, and the spore suspension had lost 46% of its initial optical density by 2 hr. Loss of heat resistance preceded loss of radiation resistance, acquisition of stainability, and phase darkening by about 12 min.
Initial Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Direct Ganglia Neurolysis and Block (2007)

Initial experience suggests that EUS-guided direct celiac ganglion block or neurolysis is safe. Alcohol injection into ganglia appears to be effective in both cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Prospective trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of this new approach.
Organic Package Substrates Using Lithographic Via Technology for RF to THz Applications (2020)

RF substrate packages were built using organic dielectric layers with Copper (Cu) based interconnects employing lithographically defined vias as a new manufacturing paradigm for a semi-additive process flow. The package-based RF-to-THz structures enabled by lithographic vias in combination with advanced organic build-up dielectric materials have enabled us to demonstrate applications ranging from coaxial and coplanar waveguides, high-Q RF inductors and transformers to filters, triplexers and launcher structures for RF applications in the frequency range from 1 GHz to > 300 GHz. Measurement results for selected structures are presented and discussed in this paper.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2,5‐Anhydrohexitols. Part 1. Silicon‐Directed Stereocontrolled Cyclization. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Acquisition of Humoral Immune Responses in Convalescent Japanese People with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in 2021 (2023)

We investigated humoral immune responses in 222 unvaccinated Japanese people after recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in 2021. Anti-spike protein IgG antibody levels and neutralizing antibody titers were measured in serum samples obtained within 20–180 days after diagnosis. The geometric mean of antibody titers was 1555 ELU/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1257-1923), and the neutralizing activities (50% inhibitory dilution) was 253 (95% CI = 204-313). The antibody titer and neutralizing activity both increased with increasing disease severity, and both values were approximately 4-fold higher for hospitalized patients than for non-hospitalized patients. However, these differences were smaller in older patients. The humoral immune response, which increased with increasing disease severity, gradually decreased over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most patients with mild or moderate symptoms sustained neutralizing activity for up to 180 days after the infection, the decay of the neutralizing activity in the patients with asymptomatic was rather faster than other groups. 11.7% (26/222) of patients had very low neutralizing activity, and half of these were in the age of 20s. Our study results show the importance of measuring the neutralizing activity to confirm the immune status and also estimate the timing of vaccine.
Recovery kinetics of creatine in mild plantar flexion exercise using 3D creatine CEST imaging at 7 Tesla (2020)

In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the feasibility and the repeatability of the 3D-CrCEST method in calf muscle with improved <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> correction to measure creatine-recovery kinetics within a large 3D volume of calf muscle.
Adaptive Early-Stopping Threshold For Lte Turbo Decoder (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
Quantifying Delivered Dose with Jet and Mesh Nebulizers during Spontaneous Breathing, Noninvasive Ventilation, and Mechanical Ventilation in a Simulated Pediatric Lung Model with Exhaled Humidity (2021)

Acutely ill children may transition between spontaneous breathing (SB), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and mechanical ventilation (MV), and commonly receive the same drug dosage with each type of ventilatory support and interface. This study aims to determine the aerosol deposition with jet (JN) and mesh nebulizers (MN) during SB, NIV, and MV using a pediatric lung model. Drug delivery with JN (Mistymax10) and MN (Aerogen Solo) was compared during SB, NIV, and MV using three different lung models set to simulate the same breathing parameters (Vt 250 mL, RR 20 bpm, I:E ratio 1:3). A heated humidifier was placed between the filter and test lung to simulate exhaled humidity (35 ± 2 °C, 100% RH) with all lung models. Albuterol sulfate (2.5 mg/3 mL) was delivered, and the drug deposited on an absolute filter was eluted and analyzed with spectrophotometry. Aerosol delivery with JN was not significantly different during MV, NIV, and SB (<i>p</i> = 0.075), while inhaled dose obtained with MN during MV was greater than NIV and SB (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The delivery efficiency of MN was up to 3-fold more than JN during MV (<i>p</i> = 0.008), NIV (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and SB (<i>p</i> = 0.009). Delivered dose with JN was similar during MV, NIV, and SB, although the delivery efficiency of MN differs with different modes of ventilation.
A Case Study of Pure Word Deafness: Modularity in Auditory Processing? (2002)

AL, a woman with an acquired disturbance of auditory processing beginning in the second decade, was originally diagnosed as having pure word deafness. Recent analysis with a wide range of stimuli suggests that her comprehension deficit also extends to a subset of musical and non-verbal environmental sounds. The perceptual demands of the different auditory stimuli appear to account for part of the apparent material specificity. Additionally, over the years, the presumed temporal lobe cortical pathology has been supplemented by a mild to moderate, peripheral low-frequency hearing loss and evidence of dysfunction in lower level auditory processing pathways. The current peripheral dysfunction closely resembles cases recently labeled as auditory neuropathy. The diagnosis of pure word deafness should not be based on a limited set of auditory stimuli; additionally, a careful assessment using modern audiological techniques should be performed to evaluate peripheral auditory functions.
The experimentation and modeling of "satellite-friendly" HTTP (*) (2003)

The demand for Internet access has been characterized by an exponential growth. The introduction of high-speed satellite communication systems providing direct-to-home Internet services is a response to this increasing demand. However, such systems suffer from high delay-bandwidth product and high bit-error-rate which causes degradation in the performance of HTTP, which is a request-response type, application-layer protocol over TCP. In this paper we investigate HTTP/1.0, HTTP/1.1 and analyze different mechanisms to reduce the user-perceived delay and improve the performance of Internet delivery over satellite links. The paper also suggests other mechanisms, such as multiple parallel connections and a delta encoding implementation to overcome the above-mentioned problem. We show that there is a marked improvement in Internet browsability and user-perceived delay, using these methods.