gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The multi-vicinal fluoroalkane motif: an examination of 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorohexane stereoisomers (2008)

Three unique diastereoisomers of 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorohexane have been prepared, compounds intermediate between hexane and perfluorohexane in their degree of fluorination, and they show very different conformational behaviour and physical properties.
On queues with inter-arrival times proportional to service times (2002)

A family of queuing systems in which the interarrival time I/sub n+1/ between customers n and n+1 depends on the service time B/sub n/ of customer n is considered. Specifically, cases where the dependency between I/sub n+1/ and B/sub n/ is a proportionally relation and B/sub n/ is an exponentially distributed random variable is considered. Such dependencies arise in the context of packet-switched networks from employing rate policing functions which regulate the amount of data that can arrive at a link within any given time interval. The models developed and the associated solutions are, however, of independent interest and potentially applicable to other environments. Several scenarios that consist of adding an independent random variable to the interarrival time, allowing the proportionality to be random, and the combination of the two are considered. Numerical results are compared to those for an equivalent system without dependencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Entity-based collaboration tools for intelligence analysis (2008)

Software tools that make it easier for analysts to collaborate as a natural part of their work will lead to better analysis that is informed by more perspectives. We are interested to know if software tools can be designed that support collaboration even as they allow analysts to find documents and organize information (including evidence, schemas, and hypotheses). We have modified the Entity Workspace system, described previously, to test such designs. We have evaluated the resulting design in both a laboratory study and a study where it is situated with an analysis team. In both cases, effects on collaboration appear to be positive. Key aspects of the design include an evidence notebook optimized for organizing entities (rather than text characters), information structures that can be collapsed and expanded, visualization of evidence that emphasizes events and documents (rather than emphasizing the entity graph), and a notification system that finds entities of mutual interest to multiple analysts.
Electrode-deposited films of polyrotaxanes: electrochemically induced gliding motion (1998)

Using the three-dimensional template effect of copper(I) or copper(II), a macrocycle incorporating two different chelating units was threaded by a coordinating molecular fragment whose two ends bear pyrrole nuclei; after electropolymerization, an electroactive film was obtained that clearly showed pirouetting of the ring induced by reducing the five-coordinate copper(II) complex to copper(I). The motion is driven by the difference in the stereoelectronic preferences of copper(I) and copper(II). The present system allows motions of the monovalent complex only.
Generation of dendritic cells from bone marrow progenitors using GM‐CSF, TNF‐&alpha;, and additional cytokines: antagonistic effects of IL‐4 and IFN‐&gamma; and selective involvement of TNF‐&alpha; receptor‐1 (1997)

We report the generation of dendritic cells (DC) starting from CD34+ bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells, using a two-stage culture system in which, besides granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), stem-cell factor (SCF) was added during the first 5 days, while interleukin-4 (IL-4) and/or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were added during the secondary culture period of 9 days. Addition of IL-4 favoured the outgrowth of CD1a+, HLA-DR+, CD4+, CD40+, CD80+ but CD14- cells with dendritic morphology and strong antigen-presenting capacity. Addition of IFN-gamma selectively induced HLA-DR and CD86 but did not up-regulate CD1a expression or antigen-presenting capacity of the differentiated cells. An antagonism between IL-4 and IFN-gamma could further be confirmed in that, as compared with IL-4 alone, the simultaneous addition of IL-4 and IFN-gamma to GM-CSF plus TNF-alpha during maturation reduced both the phenotypical (CD1a, CD4, CD40) and functional characteristics of DC. Using receptor-specific TNF-alpha mutants, we investigated the relative involvement of TNF-alpha receptors R1 and R2 in the generation of DC. The induction of CD1a and HLA-DR, as well as the increase in allostimulatory capacity were dependent on TNF-R1 triggering, whereas triggering through TNF-R2 had no measurable effect. We conclude first, that the expansion of DC from BM progenitors could most effectively be enhanced in a two-stage culture assay using SCF, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IL-4; second, that the effect of TNF-alpha in DC generation involves signalling via the TNF-R1 receptor; and third, that IFN-gamma counteracts some of the effects of IL-4 in DC generation.
Functional Oligomeric State of Avian Sarcoma Virus Integrase (2003)

Retroviral integrase, one of only three enzymes encoded by the virus, catalyzes the essential step of inserting a DNA copy of the viral genome into the host during infection. Using the avian sarcoma virus integrase, we demonstrate that the enzyme functions as a tetramer. In presteady-state active site titrations, four integrase protomers were required for a single catalytic turnover. Volumetric determination of integrase-DNA complexes imaged by atomic force microscopy during the initial turnover additionally revealed substrate-induced assembly of a tetramer. These results suggest that tetramer formation may be a requisite step during catalysis with ramifications for antiviral design strategies targeting the structurally homologous human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) integrase.
Effects of morphology on ion transport in ionomers for energy storage. (2012)

Abstract Not Provided
Injectable, compression‐resistant polymer/ceramic composite bone grafts promote lateral ridge augmentation without protective mesh in a canine model (2018)

At the same dose of rhBMP-2, an injectable, compression-resistant bone graft resulted in a comparable volume of new bone formation with the clinical control (ACS). These findings highlight the potential of compression-resistant bone grafts without the use of protective mesh for lateral ridge augmentation.
An HDAC9-MALAT1-BRG1 complex mediates smooth muscle dysfunction in thoracic aortic aneurysm (2018)

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) has been associated with mutations affecting members of the TGF-β signaling pathway, or components and regulators of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) actomyosin cytoskeleton. Although both clinical groups present similar phenotypes, the existence of potential common mechanisms of pathogenesis remain obscure. Here we show that mutations affecting TGF-β signaling and VSMC cytoskeleton both lead to the formation of a ternary complex comprising the histone deacetylase HDAC9, the chromatin-remodeling enzyme BRG1, and the long noncoding RNA MALAT1. The HDAC9-MALAT1-BRG1 complex binds chromatin and represses contractile protein gene expression in association with gain of histone H3-lysine 27 trimethylation modifications. Disruption of Malat1 or Hdac9 restores contractile protein expression, improves aortic mural architecture, and inhibits experimental aneurysm growth. Thus, we highlight a shared epigenetic pathway responsible for VSMC dysfunction in both forms of TAA, with potential therapeutic implication for other known HDAC9-associated vascular diseases.
Interferometric Characterization of Nonflat Transmission Diffraction Gratings (2004)

We demonstrate a side-diffraction interferometric method for characterization of transmission diffraction gratings on substrates with nonflat surfaces. Our method measures the interferometric pattern between the coherent zeroth-order and first-order transmission beams and allows simultaneous characterization of both the grating period variation and the substrate thickness variation.
Decoupling Finger Joint Motion in an Exoskeletal Hand: A Design for Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation (2019)

In this paper, a cable-driven exoskeleton device is developed for stroke patients to enable them to perform passive range of motion exercises and teleoperation rehabilitation of their impaired hands. Each exoskeleton finger is controlled by an actuator via two cables. The motions between the metacarpophalangeal and distal/proximal interphalangeal joints are decoupled, through which the movement pattern is analogous to that observed in the human hand. A dynamic model based on the Lagrange method is derived to estimate how cable tension varies with the angular position of the finger joints. Two discernable phases are observed, each of which reflects the motion of the metacarpophalangeal and distal/proximal interphalangeal joints. The tension profiles of exoskeleton fingers predicted by the Lagrange model are verified through a mechatronic integrated platform. The model can precisely estimate the tensions at different movement velocities, and it shows that the characteristics of two independent phases remain the same even for a variety of movement velocities. The feasibility for measuring resistance when manipulating a patient's finger is demonstrated in human experiments. Specifically, the net force required to move a subject's finger joints can be accounted for by the Lagrange model.
Supplementary Data from Chimeric Antigen Receptors Directed at Mutant KRAS Exhibit an Inverse Relationship Between Functional Potency and Neoantigen Selectivity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S.Figures 1-5 and S.Table 1&lt;/p&gt;
Optical hardware backpropagation neural network (2003)

Optical error backpropagation is experimentally demonstrated in a feedforward optical neural network developed by the authors. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hardware backpropagation training in an optical system. The network uses the trainable light steering behavior of an optical nonlinear material to implement both neural processing and connectivity. The nonlinear material steers (by modulation of the phase front) a forward propagating information beam by dynamically altering the index of the refraction profile of the material via a stronger weighting beam. Effectively, the weight beam creates spatially varying lensing effects in the nonlinear material. These trainable effects steer the information beam to produce the correct output value at an optical detector. A photorefractive crystal is used as a phase conjugate mirror to generate the backpropagated optical error. This backpropagated optical error is detected and used in a gradient descent algorithm to update the weighting beam profile in real time. Both computer simulation and experimental results are presented.
A minimally invasive approach to sub‐conjunctival outflow: 1 year results of an ab‐interno gelatin stent in combination with preoperative MMC injection for the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma (2015)

Purpose To establish the safety and efficacy of an ab‐interno gelatin stent, as a stand‐alone procedure, in combination with a preoperative mitomycin C injection in reducing IOP and anti‐glaucoma medications in patients presenting with primary open angle glaucoma. Mean IOP , IOP change, reduction in medications, and safety were recorded in 70 subjects through 12 months. Methods In this prospective, non‐randomized, multi‐center evaluation, safety and efficacy parameters were evaluated. As a stand‐alone glaucoma procedure, a trans‐scleral gelatin stent is placed through a clear corneal incision using a preloaded injector with a 27 gauge needle. Once in place, the permanent gelatin implant is designed to connect the anterior chamber to the non‐dissected Tenon's and subconjunctival space, thereby creating diffuse dispersion of aqueous while bypassing potential outflow obstructions. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing medicated baseline IOP and glaucomatous medications to postoperative values through 12 months. Safety was assessed by assessing complications at routinely scheduled exams through 12 months. Results No major adverse events were reported, and 2 patients were converted to a tube shunt at 6 months. The mean preoperative (best medicated) IOP was 23.6 mmHg. The mean postoperative IOP s were: 13.3 mmHg (44% reduction) at 9 months, and 12.6 mmHg (47% reduction) at 12 months. From the preoperative mean of 3.5 (patients not washed out pre‐surgery), 9 months medications were reduced by 69% and at 12 months medications were reduced by 66%. No infection, migration or erosion occurred in any patients. Conclusions This “hybrid system”, combining a minimally invasive ab‐interno approach with a subconjunctival drainage, provided very satisfactory intra‐ocular pressure control after one year with an excellent safety profile.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to establish the bifidogenic effect of a very-long-chain inulin extracted from globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) in healthy human subjects (2010)

There is growing interest in the use of inulins as substrates for the selective growth of beneficial gut bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli because recent studies have established that their prebiotic effect is linked to several health benefits. In the present study, the impact of a very-long-chain inulin (VLCI), derived from globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus), on the human intestinal microbiota compared with maltodextrin was determined. A double-blind, cross-over study was carried out in thirty-two healthy adults who were randomised into two groups and consumed 10 g/d of either VLCI or maltodextrin, for two 3-week study periods, separated by a 3-week washout period. Numbers of faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were significantly higher upon VLCI ingestion compared with the placebo. Additionally, levels of Atopobium group significantly increased, while Bacteroides-Prevotella numbers were significantly reduced. No significant changes in faecal SCFA concentrations were observed. There were no adverse gastrointestinal symptoms apart from a significant increase in mild and moderate bloating upon VLCI ingestion. These observations were also confirmed by in vitro gas production measurements. In conclusion, daily consumption of VLCI extracted from globe artichoke exerted a pronounced prebiotic effect on the human faecal microbiota composition and was well tolerated by all volunteers.
A Fully Integrated 160Gb/s D-Band Transmitter with 1.1 pJ/b Efficiency in 22nm FinFET Technology (2022)

Increasing demand for data-rate is pushing wireless links to operate at mm-wave (30 to 100GHz) and subTHz (100 to 300GHz) carrier frequencies, where larger available bandwidth can be leveraged to increase capacity. Novel radio architectures and process scaling are enabling transceiver implementations in low-cost CMOS technologies for commercial applications. Recent publications have demonstrated mm-wave/subTHz transceivers targeting 100+ Gb/s operation with improved efficiencies. Applications range from short/long-range wireless [1] to medium-range links over plastic waveguide [2] with transmitter data-rates up to 140Gb/s and efficiencies of 5 to 10pJ/b. This paper presents a fully integrated D-band transmitter (TX) achieving 160Gb/s at ~ 1 pJ/b efficiency in 22nm FinFET technology. In contrast to many prior works, this performance is achieved while integrating all critical blocks, from bits to RF.
O4‐02‐06: ORAL TREATMENT WITH RD2 REDUCES Aβ OLIGOMER LOAD, ENHANCES COGNITION, DECELERATES NEURODEGENERATION, REVERSES DISEASE PHENOTYPE IN OLD‐AGED TG AD MICE, AND IS SAFE IN HUMANS (2019)

Secretase modulators and aggregation inhibitors cannot be expected to be efficient, once the prion-like propagating Aβ and Tau oligomers are already replicating in the AD affected brain. Anti-Aβ antibodies, even those that claim to be oligomer specific and only the small fraction that crosses the BBB, bind their targets but cannot destroy them directly. Instead, they rely on efficient support from the immune system beyond the BBB. We have therefore developed compounds that efficiently penetrate the BBB, can be applied orally and destroy already existing Aβ oligomers directly without relying on the immune system. We used three different transgenic AD mouse models to investigate efficacy in vivo. Using QIAD and sFIDA, we investigated target engagement in vitro and in vivo. We are still investigating, whether identified “off”-targets are mediating beneficial treatment outcomes in parallel or alternatively to the proposed MoA of direct Aβ oligomer disassembly. In a clinical phase I study, we investigated safety and pharmacokinetics in humans. Treatment of APPSwePS1dE9 mice lead to cognitive improvement. Oral treatment with RD2 of APPSL mice lead to cognitive improvement. RD2 oral treatment of 18 months old APPSwePS1dE9 with full-blown pathology lead to reversal of the disease phenotype including cognitive improvement. Successful target engagement was shown in vitro and in vivo. RD2 oral treatment of TBA2.1 mice lead to highly significant deceleration of their motoneurodegenerative phenotype progression. These proof-of-concept studies have been carried out in three different animal models and in three different laboratories. We investigated several additional or alternative MoAs that could possibly explain the beneficial outcomes of pre-clinical RD2 in vivo efficacy studies. Interference of prion protein mediated toxicity of Aβ oligomers is just one example. IND-enabling studies yielded a very comfortable safety profile and allowed RD2 to progress into clinical phase I studies. The SAD part confirmed the comfortable safety profile. The MAD study is currently ongoing. The clinical stage compound RD2 (alias “PRI-002”) directly eliminates Aβ oligomers without relying on the immune system. It enhances cognition and impedes neurodegeneration even when orally applied. References: (1) Brener et al., Sci Rep 5, 13222 (2015); (2) Kulawik et al., FEBS Lett 592, 516–534 (2018); (3) van Groen et al., Sci Rep 7, 16275 (2017); (4) Kutzsche et al., Molecules 22, 1693 (2017); (5) Schemmert et al., Mol Neurobiol, in press (2019); (6) Schemmert et al., Neurobiol Dis 124, 36–45 (2018); (7) Rosener et al., J Biol Chem 293, 15748–15764 (2018).
Co-registered optical coherence tomography and fluorescence molecular imaging (2008)

We have developed a co-registered optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser scanning fluorescence molecular imaging system. This system enables simultaneous imaging of tissue morphology and molecular information at high resolution over a several-millimeter field-of-view.
Aquatic‐Weed Decay and Color Production (1975)

Color organics are known to reduce the acceptability of surface waters for domestic water supply and to affect algal production. In this research it is shown that soluble organics identical to those found in colored acid bogs are produced as a byproduct during the decay of naturally occurring aquatic vegetation. Sufficient color may be provided from the decay of aquatic plants produced during a single growing season to stimulate algal growth.
Measurement of the CP-violating phase ϕs in B¯s0→J/ψπ+π− decays (2012)

Measurement of the mixing-induced CP-violating phase ϕs in B¯s0 decays is of prime importance in probing new physics. Here 7421±105 signal events from the dominantly CP-odd final state J/ψπ+π− are selected in 1fb−1 of pp collision data collected at s=7TeV with the LHCb detector. A time-dependent fit to the data yields a value of ϕs=−0.019−0.174−0.003+0.173+0.004 rad, consistent with the Standard Model expectation. No evidence of direct CP violation is found.
Geometric Radar Processing based on Fréchet distance: Information geometry versus Optimal Transport Theory (2011)

In the framework of Optimal Transport Theory, Frechet-Wasserstein distance could be used to define distance for signal radar measures modeled by multivariate Gaussian laws with positive curvature geometry. We compare this approach with Information geometry for Covariance Radar Matrices Processing, where Fisher metric and Siegel-Rao distance provides geometry of negative curvature.
Silicon-directed diene synthesis (1991)

A synthesis of 2-substituted-1,3-dienes is reported which uses silicon as a control element: Eight aldehydes were converted into α-silyl ketones by treatment with trimethylsilylmethylmagnesium chloride and rapid Collins oxidation. Addition of vinylmagnesium bromide to the resulting α-silyl ketones, followed by Peterson elimination, gave a series of dienes. The route was used to make (4S)-3-methylene-t-[(phenylmethoxy)methoxy]pent-1-ene from (–)-ethyl lactate; low asymmetric induction was observed in the Diels–Alder reactions of this diene with diethyl fumarate and N-phenylmaleimide.
Nonlinear optical properties of carbon-black suspensions (ink) (1992)

We performed a series of experiments on suspensions of carbon particles in liquids (ink) and carbon particles deposited on glass to determine the mechanisms for the observed optical-limiting behavior. Both materials show reduced transmittance for increasing fluence (energy per unit area). We found that nonlinear scattering dominates the transmissive losses and that the limiting is fluence dependent, so that limiters based on black ink are effective for nanosecond pulses but not for picosecond pulses. Additionally, the nonlinear scattering and the limiting behavior cease after repeated irradiation. For the liquid, flowing eliminates this effect. All the data obtained are consistent with a model of direct heating of the microscopic-sized carbon particles by linear absorption with subsequent optical breakdown initiated by thermally ionized carriers. A simple calculation gives temperatures higher than the sublimation temperature at the onset of limiting. Emission spectra measurements show singly ionized carbon emission lines with a hot blackbody background emission consistent with temperatures of ≃4000 K. A rapid expansion of the microscopic plasmas generated by the breakdown will effectively scatter further input light. Indeed, in time-resolved experiments the trailing portion of the pulse is most heavily scattered. The time-resolved transmittance of a weak cw probe beam also follows the temporal dependence of the singly ionized carbon emission (≃102 ns). We directly monitored the expansion of the scattering centers by angularly resolving the scattered light for different input fluences and fitting to Mie scattering theory. Since the carbon is black and the microplasmas are initiated by linear absorption, the limiting is extremely broadband. Within the context of this model we discuss the limitations and optimization of ink-based optical limiters.