gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IPEM-Based Power Electronics System Integration (2008)

Power electronics products, to date, are essentially custom-designed and manufactured using non-standard parts. The products cycle times are long and manufacturing processes are labor-intensive, thus, resulting in poor reliability and high cost. The Center for Power Electronics Systems, established in 1998 as one of the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Centers, is charged in leading the nation in the development of an integrated power electronics system approach via integrated power electronics modules (IPEMs). A brief discussion of the center's research enterprise and strategic plan in addressing key technological areas and advancements needed to improve the characteristics of power electronics systems, such as increased levels of integration, standardization of parts and improved packaging techniques for enhanced thermal management and electrical performances. The technologies being developed for the realization of integrated systems include planar metallization to allow three-dimensional structural integration of power devices and control functions, integration of power passives, integration of RF and EMI filters, and integration of electrical/thermal design tools.
Europtics: an international master in optics and photonics (2005)

The Ecole G&#233;n&#233;raliste d'Ing&#233;nieurs de Marseille (France), the Politecnico di Milano (Italy) and the Technische Universit&#228;t Berlin (Germany) have joined forces within a new academic consortium (EUROPTICS) to set up a highly innovative top-quality European Masters programme in advanced optics for the information society. The Course all in English aims to provide high-level theoretical and technical competence in the fields of optics, photonics and optoelectronics. Students on the programme have a unique opportunity to study within a truly multicultural environment, by spending time at each participating institution in turn: Marseille; Berlin and Milan. The organization and the pedagogy will be presented.
Evaluation of selected high-starch flours as ingredients in canine diets. (1999)

Cereal grains represent 30 to 60% of the DM of many companion animal diets. Once incorporated into a diet, the starch component of these grains can provide an excellent source of ME. However, crystallinity and form of starch are variable and can cause incomplete digestion within the gastrointestinal tract. Diets fed in this experiment included one of six high-starch flours as the main source of carbohydrate. The flours originated from barley, corn, potato, rice, sorghum, and wheat. The diets were extruded and kibbled. Starch fraction concentrations of flours consisted of nearly 100% rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS) combined. Starch fraction concentrations of diets paralleled concentrations in flours. Flours varied widely in concentrations of CP, fat, starch, and total dietary fiber. Ileal OM and CP digestibilities were lowest for the potato flour treatment (74 and 64%, respectively). Ileal and total tract starch digestibilities were different (P<.05) among treatments; however, the starch component of all diets was nearly completely digested (>99%). Total tract digestibility of DM and OM was lowest for sorghum (80 and 84%, respectively) compared to all other diets. Crude protein digestibility was highest for corn (87%). Wet fecal weights tended (P<.08) to be greatest for dogs fed the barley treatment (175 g/d). However, dry fecal weights (dried at 55 degrees C) were greatest for dogs consuming the sorghum diet (51 g/d). Fecal scores were consistently greater (i.e., looser stools) for the barley treatment. Any of these flours could be used without negative effects on digestion at either the ileum or in the total tract. Fecal consistency data for dogs consuming the barley treatment indicate that diets containing large amounts (>50%) of barley may not be advantageous for dog owners who house their animals indoors for most of the day.
A Model for the Operation of Perovskite Based Hybrid Solar Cells: Formulation, Analysis, and Comparison to Experiment (2014)

This work is concerned with the modeling of perovskite based hybrid solar cells formed by sandwiching a slab of organic lead halide perovskite (CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_{3-x}$Cl$_x$) photo-absorber between (n-type) acceptor and (p-type) donor materials---typically titanium dioxide and spiro. A model for the electrical behavior of these cells is formulated based on drift-diffusion equations for the motion of the charge carriers and Poisson's equation for the electric potential. It is closed by (i) internal interface conditions accounting for charge recombination/generation and jumps in charge carrier densities arising from differences in the electron affinity/ionization potential between the materials and (ii) ohmic boundary conditions on the contacts. The model is analyzed by using a combination of asymptotic and numerical techniques. This leads to an approximate---yet highly accurate---expression for the current-voltage relationship as a function of the solar induced photo-current. In addition, we show that this approximate current-voltage relation can be interpreted as an equivalent circuit model consisting of three diodes, a resistor, and a current source. For sufficiently small biases the device's behavior is diodic and the current is limited by the recombination at the internal interfaces, whereas for sufficiently large biases the device acts like a resistor and the current is dictated by the ohmic dissipation in the acceptor and donor. The results of the model are also compared to experimental current-voltage curves, and good agreement is shown.
Synthesis of Bridged Oligothiophenes: Toward a New Class of Thiophene-Based Electroactive Surfactants. (2003)

A series of bridged oligothiophenes have been synthesized. Their novel molecular architecture, comprising two oligothiophenes linked together\nby a bridge at one α-extremity and one binding group at the other α-extremity, is expected to improve their utility as electroactive surfactants\nfor semiconducting nanoparticles or organic electronics.
Monoclonal Antibodies Reveal the Structural Basis of Antibody Diversity (2019)

This chapter describes how the analysis of closely related families of monoclonal antibodies has provided new insights into the structural basis of antigen binding and the molecular mechanism responsible for antibody diversity. While the ability to sample the repertoire of antibodies through the analysis of monoclonal antibodies can provide important insights, some questions are hard to answer with this approach. The chapter discusses the instability of immunoglobulin genes in cultured myeloma and hybridoma cells. The specificity of the interactions of monoclonal antibodies to the idiotype and monoclonal antibodies and myeloma proteins of known sequence illustrates both the benefits and complexities of trying to use reagents to identify chemical relatedness. Monoclonal antibodies that no longer react with one or a few of those anti-idiotypic monoclonals are presumptive variants. The large amount of paraprotein in the serum of patients or animals with the malignancy is a monoclonal antibody that is produced by a transformed antibody-forming cell growing in an uncontrolled fashion.
Antigen-induced T cell-replacing factor (TRF). II. X-linked gene control for the expression of TRF-acceptor site(s) on B lymphocytes and preparation of specific antiserum to that acceptor. (1980)

Abstract Genetic analysis of the B cell responsiveness to T cell-replacing factor (TRF) was carried out employing an in vitro secondary anti-DNP antibody response. B cells from DBA/2Ha mice were low responders to the BALB/ c-TRF, although the TRF exerted its activity on other entirely allogeneic B cells beyond the major histocompatibility barrier. By taking advantage of the low-response character of DBA/2Ha B cells to BALB/c-TRF, the functional property of TRF responsiveness was genetically analyzed with B cells from an F1 hybrid between the low-re-sponder strain DBA/2Ha (♀) and high responder strain BALB/c (♂) or reciprocal F1 hybrids. The B cells from all male mice (DBA/2Ha X BALB/c) (DC) F1 tested were incapable of responding to TRF, whereas B cells from female mice of the same litter as the DCF1 as well as both male and female (BALB/c X DBA/2Ha) (CD) F1 mice responded to TRF. These results suggested that the responsivity of B cells to TRF was linked to the X chromosome of the high-response animals. The absence or low expression of TRF-acceptor site(s) on B cells of the low-responder strain DBA/2Ha was indicated by the failure in absorbing TRF activity. Moreover, the alloantisera raised in the low-responder DCF1 male mice by immunization with high-responder parental BALB/c B cells invariably inhibited the in vitro B cell reponse mediated by TRF when added continuously to the culture. However, these alloantisera did not inhibit cognate T-B cell interactions, suggesting that the above antisera may specifically block TRF-acceptor site(s) on B cells. Moreover, the fact that the antiserum activity was absorbed with BALB/c and C57BL/10 (high-responder strains) spleen cells but not with DBA/2Ha cells further indicated the absence of TRF-acceptor sites on DBA/2Ha B cells.
Bandwidth reservation using WLAN handoff prediction (2006)

Many network services may be improved or enabled by successful predictions of users' future mobility. The success of predictions depend on how much accuracy can be achieved on real data and on the sensitivity of particular applications to this achievable accuracy. We investigate these issues for the case of advanced bandwidth reservation using real WLAN traces collected on the Dartmouth College campus [1].
Soot and PAH Formation Characteristics in a Micro Flow Reactor With a Controlled Temperature Profile (2011)

To examine soot and PAH formation processes for rich methane/air and acetylene/air mixtures, a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile was employed. In the experiment for a methane/air mixture, four kinds of responses to the variations of flow velocity and equivalence ratio were observed as follows: soot formation without a flame; a flame with soot formation; a flame without soot formation; and neither flame nor soot formation. Soot formations were observed in low flow velocity and high equivalence ratio. Starting point of soot formation shifted to the upstream side, i.e., low-temperature side, of the micro flow reactor with the decrease of flow velocity. One-dimensional steady-state computation was conducted by a flame code. In high flow velocity, low mole fraction of C2H2 and high mole fraction of OH were observed in the whole region of the micro flow reactor. Soot volume fraction did not increase in this case. On the other hand, in low flow velocity, high mole fraction of C2H2 and low mole fraction of OH were observed at the downstream side of the micro flow reactor. Soot volume fraction increased in this case. Since significant soot formation was observed at the low flow velocity and the high equivalence ratio, experiments with gas sampling were conducted for acetylene/air mixture to investigate temperature and equivalence ratio dependence of soot precursor production in such condition. Volume fractions of benzene increased with an increase of temperature. They were larger at higher equivalence ratio at the same temperature. Volume fractions of styrene increased with an increase of temperature. They were larger at higher equivalence ratio when the temperature is less than 1000 K. However the tendency was changed at 1000 K, styrene volume fraction at equivalence ratio of 7.0 was larger than that at equivalence ratio of 8.0.
Ocular Barriers and Their Influence on Gene Therapy Products Delivery (2022)

The eye is formed by tissues and cavities that contain liquids whose compositions are highly regulated to ensure their optical properties and their immune and metabolic functions. The integrity of the ocular barriers, composed of different elements that work in a coordinated fashion, is essential to maintain the ocular homeostasis. Specialized junctions between the cells of different tissues have specific features which guarantee sealing properties and selectively control the passage of drugs from the circulation or the outside into the tissues and within the different ocular compartments. Tissues structure also constitute selective obstacles and pathways for various molecules. Specific transporters control the passage of water, ions, and macromolecules, whilst efflux pumps reject and eliminate toxins, metabolites, or drugs. Ocular barriers, thus, limit the bioavailability of gene therapy products in ocular tissues and cells depending on the route chosen for their administration. On the other hand, ocular barriers allow a real local treatment, with limited systemic side-effects. Understanding the different barriers that limit the accessibility of different types of gene therapy products to the different target cells is a prerequisite for the development of efficient gene delivery systems. This review summarizes actual knowledge on the different ocular barriers that limit the penetration and distribution of gene therapy products using different routes of administration, and it provides a general overview of various methods used to bypass the ocular barriers.
Incidence of and risk factors for major haemorrhage in patients treated with ibrutinib: An integrated analysis (2018)

Summary Ibrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for treatment of various B‐cell malignancies. In ibrutinib clinical studies, low‐grade haemorrhage was common, whereas major haemorrhage (MH) was infrequent. We analysed the incidence of and risk factors for MH from 15 ibrutinib clinical studies ( N = 1768), including 4 randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Rates of any‐grade bleeding were similar for single‐agent ibrutinib and ibrutinib combinations (39% and 40%). Low‐grade bleeding was more common in ibrutinib‐treated than comparator‐treated patients (35% and 15%), and early low‐grade bleeding was not associated with MH. The proportion of MH in RCTs was higher with ibrutinib than comparators (4.4% vs. 2.8%), but after adjusting for longer exposure with ibrutinib (median 13 months vs. 6 months), the incidence of MH was similar (3.2 vs. 3.1 per 1000 person‐months). MH led to treatment discontinuation in 1% of all ibrutinib‐treated patients. Use of anticoagulants and/or antiplatelets (AC/AP) during the study was common (~50% of patients) and had an increased exposure‐adjusted relative risk for MH in both the total ibrutinib‐treated population (1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–3.0) and RCT comparator‐treated patients (2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–5.6), indicating that ibrutinib may not alter the effect of AC/AP on the risk of MH in B‐cell malignancies.
Transgenic Expression ofEFRandBs2Genes for Field Management of Bacterial Wilt and Bacterial Spot of Tomato (2018)

Field trials were conducted at two locations in Florida to evaluate transgenic tomato expressing the ELONGATION FACTOR TU RECEPTOR (EFR) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, the Bs2 gene from pepper, or both Bs2 and EFR (Bs2/EFR) for managing bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas perforans. Expression of EFR or Bs2/EFR in the susceptible genotype Fla. 8000 significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence (50 to 100%) and increased total yield (57 to 114%) relative to lines expressing only Bs2 or the nontransformed Fla. 8000 control, although the marketable yield was not significantly affected. Following harvest, surviving symptomatic and nonsymptomatic plants were assessed for colonization by R. solanacearum. There were no significant differences in the population at the lower stem. Interestingly, in the middle stem, no bacteria could be recovered from EFR or Bs2/EFR lines but viable bacterial populations were recovered from Bs2 and nontransformed control lines at 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g of stem tissue. In growth-chamber experiments, the EFR transgenic tomato lines were found to be effective against seven different R. solanacearum strains isolated from the southeastern United States, indicating utility across the southeastern United States. In all of the bacterial spot trials, EFR and Bs2/EFR lines had significantly reduced disease severity (22 to 98%) compared with the Fla. 8000 control. The marketable and total yield of Bs2/EFR were significantly higher (43 to 170%) than Fla. 8000 control in three of four field trials. These results demonstrate for the first time the potential of using the EFR gene for field management of bacterial wilt and bacterial spot diseases of tomato.
Model-Based Comparison of the Normal and Fontan Circulatory Systems—Part III (2017)

Novel insights emerge when a Fontan model incorporating dynamic TCPC resistance, full respiration, and skeletal muscle contraction can be compared to the model of the normal.
Adaptive optics based on analog parallel stochastic optimization technique (2000)

Summary form only given. In this paper we consider both theoretical and experimental aspects of adaptive wavefront phase distortion compensation using direct system performance metric optimization. A brief review of model free optimization techniques in adaptive optics, with an emphasis on gradient descent methods based on stochastic approximation of the true gradient is presented. The method is extended to include different requirements for wavefront control, as well as information from different wavefront sensor types. It is shown that both can be incorporated into a more general gradient descent optimization paradigm, giving rise to a variety of new control system architectures.
Expression Microdissection for use in qPCR based analysis of miRNA in a single cell type (2022)

ABSTRACT Cell-specific microRNA (miRNA) expression estimates are important in characterizing the localization of miRNA signaling within tissues. Much of this data is obtained from cultured cells, a process known to significantly alter miRNA expression levels. Thus, our knowledge of in vivo cell miRNA expression estimates is poor. We previously demonstrated expression microdissection-miRNA-sequencing (xMD-miRNA-seq) as a means to acquire in vivo estimates, directly from formalin fixed tissues, albeit with limited yield. Here we optimized each step of the xMD process including tissue retrieval, tissue transfer, film preparation, and RNA isolation to increase RNA yields and ultimately show strong enrichment for in vivo miRNA expression by qPCR array. These method improvements, including the development of a non-crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) membrane, resulted in a 23-45 fold increase in miRNA yield, depending on cell type. By qPCR, miR-200a was increased 14-fold in xMD-derived small intestine epithelial cells, with a concurrent 336-fold reduction in miR-143, relative to the matched non-dissected duodenal tissue. xMD is now an optimized method to obtain robust in vivo miRNA expression estimates from cells.
Rate-Splitting for Multi-Antenna Non-Orthogonal Unicast and Multicast Transmission (2018)

In a superimposed unicast and multicast transmission system, one layer of Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) is required at each receiver to remove the multicast stream before decoding the unicast stream. In this paper, we show that a linearly-precoded Rate-Splitting (RS) strategy at the transmitter can efficiently exploit this existing SIC receiver architecture. By splitting the unicast messages into common and private parts and encoding the common parts along with the multicast message into a super-common stream decoded by all users, the SIC is used for the dual purpose of separating the unicast and multicast streams as well as better managing the multi-user interference between the unicast streams. The precoders are designed with the objective of maximizing the Weighted Sum Rate (WSR) of the unicast messages subject to a Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of the multicast message and a sum power constraint. Numerical results show that RS outperforms existing Multi-User Linear-Precoding (MU-LP) and power-domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in a wide range of user deployments (with a diversity of channel directions and channel strengths). Moreover, since one layer of SIC is required to separate the unicast and multicast streams, the performance gain of RS comes without any increase in the receiver complexity compared with MU-LP. Hence, in such non-orthogonal unicast and multicast transmissions, RS provides rate and QoS enhancements at no extra cost for the receivers.
Toward Optimal DoF Maximization With Interference Categorization Using TIM and SIC (2023)

In this paper, a novel topological interference management (TIM) framework, combined with the successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique, is proposed for Device-to-Device (D2D) networks. While the TIM problem was originally studied in a partially connected network, the main contribution appears here in proposing a novel design that allows some interfering links to be very high so that SIC can be used to handle them efficiently. More specifically, this inter-twinning between the two techniques (TIM and SIC) is based on the design of the precoding and decoding vectors used by the transmitters and receivers, respectively. This scenario of having very strong interference may occur in crowded D2D networks, such as malls, concerts or stadiums, where D2D communications take place in very close proximity. The problem is formulated as a rank minimization framework and solved by building on the characteristic polynomial function (CPF) of the adjacency matrix of the network interference graph. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our approach by achieving promising gains in terms of degrees-of-freedom (DoF), as compared to existing solutions, with a polynomial complexity.
Biological evaluation on different human cancer cell lines of novel colchicine analogs. (1999)

Three new 7-0-substituted deacetamidothiocolchicine derivatives have been evaluated for their antitumor activity against various human tumor cell lines, some of which express the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, for their impact on the cell cycle and their binding to tubulin. Colchicine and thiocolchicine were used as reference compounds. Thiocolchicine was the most active agent on MDR-negative cells in terms of growth inhibition, whereas for multidrug-resistant cells, thiocolchicone was the most active compound (IC50 = 14 nM). As indicated by statistical analysis, a perfect agreement for the potency order (IC50 values) of the compounds between all the MDR-negative cancer cells (k = 1.00), a poor agreement between MDR-positive and MDR-negative cancer lines, and a moderate agreement (k = 0.50) between the two resistant cancer cells MCF-7 ADRr and CEM VBL were observed. To gain further insight into the mechanism of the antitumor activity of colchicinoids, the most active compounds, colchicone and thiocolchicone, were selected to evaluate their effect on cell cycle, apoptosis, and tubulin interaction. The highest recruitment activity into the G21/M phase of the cell cycle was detected in thiocolchicone-treated breast cancer cells. Interestingly, after 72 h of culture, when the cell cycle block subsided, a consistent amount of DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis, was evident. Morphological analysis of MCF-7 ADRr cells confirmed this hypothesis and revealed that thiocolchicone was able to induce apoptosis in this MDR-bearing model. We also demonstrated, using flow cytometry, that thiocolchicone interacts with alpha- and beta-tubulin, thereby affecting the expression of both subunits.