gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Cyclopentane-Based γ-Amino Acid for the Ability to Promote α/γ-Peptide Secondary Structure (2013)

We report the asymmetric synthesis of the γ-amino acid (1R,2R)-2-aminomethyl-1-cyclopentane carboxylic acid (AMCP) and an evaluation of this residue's potential to promote secondary structure in α/γ-peptides. Simulated annealing calculations using NMR-derived distance restraints obtained for α/γ-peptides in chloroform reveal that AMCP-containing oligomers are conformationally flexible. However, additional evidence suggests that an internally hydrogen-bonded helical conformation is partially populated in solution. From these data, we propose characteristic NOE patterns for the formation of the α/γ-peptide 12/10-helix and discuss the apparent conformational frustration of AMCP-containing oligomers.
Symptomatic Evidence for Differential Root Invasion by Fusarium Crown and Root Rot Pathogens Between Common Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum and Its Varieties (2006)

Abstract The pathogenic isolates (Kin2001a, Kin2001b and Kin2003) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici were obtained from hydroponically cultured seedlings of pear tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum var. pyriforme ) infected at different times and their pathogenicity examined in an in vitro assay system on cotyledonal seedlings of pear tomato, cherry tomato ( L. esculentum var. cerasiforme ) and common tomato ( L. esculentum ). With the in vitro assay, infection and subsequent disease progress could be microscopically observed. Pear and cherry tomatoes suppressed invasion by all isolates at the junctions of epidermal cells along the root, comparable with the resistant cultivars of common tomato. The pathogen entered pear and cherry tomatoes at the tips of lateral roots and tap roots, in contrast to infection of susceptible cultivars of common tomato. In Kin2003‐inoculated roots, the top of the lateral rootlets first became discoloured, followed by the cortical parenchyma, central xylem vessel and finally the crown. This dark‐brown discolouration expanded rapidly and severe rot developed in the discoloured regions. In contrast, the dark‐brown discolouration in Kin2001b‐infected roots expanded into the cortical parenchyma cells abutting the originally infected lateral rootlets and at a much slower rate. Kin2001a was in a new group that entered via the cortical cleavage formed by the emergence of lateral rootlets, in addition to the tips of taproots and lateral roots. In this in vitro assay system, the Japanese pathogenic isolates collected from different districts of Japan were characterized and classified by the mode of host invasion. Of 13 isolates, four were placed with Kin2003, six with Kin2001a and three with Kin2001b.
Prostaglandin E Receptor Subtypes in Cultured Rat Microglia and Their Role in Reducing Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Interleukin‐1 β Production (1999)

Prostaglandins (PGs) are potent modulators of brain function under normal and pathological conditions. The diverse effects of PGs are due to the various actions of specific receptor subtypes for these prostanoids. Recent work has shown that PGE2, while generally considered a proinflammatory molecule, reduces microglial activation and thus has an antiinflammatory effect on these cells. To gain further insight to the mechanisms by which PGE2 influences the activation of microglia, we investigated PGE receptor subtype, i.e., EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, expression and function in cultured rat microglia. RT-PCR showed the presence of the EP1 and EP2 but not EP3 and EP4 receptor subtypes. Sequencing confirmed their identity with previously published receptor subtypes. PGE2 and the EP1 agonist 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 but not the EP3 agonist sulprostone elicited reversible intracellular [Ca2+] increases in microglia as measured by fura-2. PGE2 and the EP2/EP4-specific agonists 11-deoxy-PGE1 and 19-hydroxy-PGE2 but not the EP4-selective agonist 1-hydroxy-PGE1 induced dose-dependent production of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Interleukin (IL)-1beta production, a marker of activated microglia, was also measured following lipopolysaccharide exposure in the presence or absence of the receptor subtype agonists. PGE2 and the EP2 agonists reduced IL-1beta production. IL-1beta production was unchanged by EP1, EP3, and EP4 agonists. The adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP also reduced IL-1beta production. Thus, the inhibitory effects of PGE2 on microglia are mediated by the EP2 receptor subtype, and the signaling mechanism of this effect is likely via cAMP. These results show that the effects of PGE2 on microglia are receptor subtype-specific. Furthermore, they suggest that specific and selective manipulation of the effects of PGs on microglia and, as a result, brain function may be possible.
Asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated analogues of 1-deoxynojirimycin (1993)

Two epimeric 1,3,4-trideoxy-3-fluoronojirimycins are obtained through a total asymmetric synthesis starting from a non-carbohydrate precursor; two key-steps of the synthetic sequence are an intramolecular aminomercuration reaction and an oxidative demercuration process.
High-Voltage Damage and Low-Frequency Noise in Thick-Film Resistors (1976)

The results from a unified study of high-voltage damage and low-frequency noise in thick-film resistors are presented. Material microstructure and the mechanisms for charge transport and I/f noise are discussed to provide a basis for the interpretation of the experimental results. Experimental results showing a definite relationship between high-voltage damage and low-frequency noise are presented and interpreted. It is shown that noise parameters are extremely sensitive to the condition of interfacial regions within the conductive phase of the thick-film material. Because of this sensitivity to conductive-phase microstructure, noise measurements are recommended as a diagnostic tool for research on thick-film materials and as a diagnostic tool for quality-assurance efforts in the production environment.
Efficient Routing in Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays Using Multi-Pole NEM Relays (2022)

In this paper, we propose the use of multi-pole nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays for routing multi-bit signals within a coarse-grained reconfigurable array (CGRA). We describe a CMOS-compatible multi-pole relay design that can be integrated in 3-D and improves area utilization by 40% over a prior design. Additionally, we demonstrate a method for placing multiple contacts on a relay that can reduce contact resistance variation by 40 × over a circular placement strategy. We then show a methodology for integrating these relays into an industry-standard digital design flow. Using our multi-pole relay design, we perform post-layout simulation of a processing element (PE) tile within a hybrid CMOS-NEMS CGRA in 40 nm technology. We achieve up to 19% lower area and 10% lower power at iso-delay, compared to a CMOS-only PE tile. The results show a way to bridge the performance gap between programmable logic devices (such as CGRAs) and application-specific integrated circuits using NEMS technology.
Correlation of IFNγ, CD107 and CD137 at the Single Cell Level Can Be Used To Monitor T Cell Responses in Patients after Immunotherapy. (2007)

Abstract As immunotherapies become increasingly important in the treatment of various cancers, monitoring the immune response to reflect the efficacy of the therapy also becomes increasingly important. Previously, tumor antigen-specific humoral responses in patients receiving vaccines for low-grade follicular lymphoma (FL) correlated with clinical outcomes, including tumor regression, molecular remission, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). By contrast, T cell immune responses have been difficult to validate. T cell proliferation assays, mostly, measure CD4 T cell responses; whereas, CD8 T cells may be the important effectors generated by immunotherapies. However, assays designed to measure CD8 T cells, i.e. chromium release CTL assays, and IFN-γ ELISPOT and intracellular flow cytometry assays, are difficult to make reproducible. To address this issue, PBL were obtained from FL patients, cryopreserved, and thawed, then used to design a standardized method for detection of intracellular IFN-γ by flow cytometry. The combined stimulus of soluble anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies provides a robust stimulation, typically about 5% of normal PBL CD8+ T cells respond. By using a panel of irradiated B cell lymphoma cell lines as stimulators, we demonstrated that, on average, 1 – 2% of these T cells were capable of mounting a response in this assay. Surprisingly, CD8+ PBL T cells from several patients with FL were more responsive to combined anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation as well as to allo-stimulation, 15 – 22% and 2 – 6%, respectively. This response was accompanied by surface expression of CD107, a surrogate marker for CTL degranulation, in the same population of cells as demonstrated by multi-color flow cytometry. Both the IFN-γ and the CD107 responses were inhibited by an anti-class I antibody, W6/32, suggesting a class I restricted T cell receptor-mediated response. Furthermore, at later time points, these T cells also up-regulated CD137 on their surface. This activation molecule is upregulated on CD8 T cells in response to specific antigen recognition and provides an anti-apoptotic signal to the cells. In conclusion, immune competency of CD8 T cells isolated from FL patients can be assessed through allo-stimulation by a panel of B cell lymphoma cell lines. More importantly, correlation by flow cytometry of 3 independent indicators of response (IFN-γ, CD107 and CD137) within single populations of cells to both allo-stimulation and to the specific target, may lead to better understanding of the role of T cells in the immune response. Ultimately, these responses will need to be validated with patient outcomes in clinical trials of vaccines in lymphoma.
Solid-state laser technology development at Lincoln Laboratory (1995)

The development of solid-state laser technology for coherent laser radar at MIT Lincoln Laboratory has been focused in the areas of frequency-modulatable, single-frequency master oscillators for chirped laser radars 1,2 and Ho 3+ lasers operating at 2.1 μm pumped by 1.9-μm diode lasers 3 . These Ho 3+ lasers have the potential to scale to higher average power and energy per pulse than Tm-sensitized Ho 3+ lasers pumped by 0.78-μm diode lasers.
The Contingent Meaning of Neighborhood Stability for residents’ psychological well-being (2000)

According to a cohesiveness perspective, neighborhood stability is good for communities and the individuals who live in them, and may be especially beneficial in poor neighborhoods. In contrast, a social isolation perspective proposes that neighborhood stability has negative effects on residents’ psychological well-being in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. This analysis of multilevel data—data in which survey information from a representative sample of Illinois residents is linked to census-tract information about poverty and stability in their neighborhood—supports a social isolation perspective. In affluent neighborhoods, stability is associated with low levels of distress; under conditions of poverty the opposite is true. In part this occurs because residents of poor, stable neighborhoods face high levels of disorder in their neighborhoods. Stability does not reduce perceived disorder under conditions of poverty, as it does in more affluent neighborhoods, which leaves residents feeling powerless to leave a dangerous place. Finally, the negative effects of poor, stable neighborhoods on residents’ psychological well-being do not stem from a lack of social ties among neighbors.
Testing Distributed Component Based Systems Using UML/OCL (2001)

Abstract We present a pragmatic approach using formal methods to increase the quality of distributed component based systems: Based on UML class diagrams annotated with OCL constraints, code for runtime checking of components in J2EE/EJB is automatically generated. Thus, a UML–model for a component can be used in a black–box test for the component. A prototypic implementation of the code generator has been integrated into a commercial software development tool 1. 1
Adaptive weighted median filter using local entropy for ultrasonic image de-noising (2004)

In this paper we present an information theory based adaptive weighted median filter. The weights of the filter are set based on localized image entropy measurements. The lower the local entropy is the smoother becomes the behavior of the proposed filter. In contrast, when the localized entropy is high, the filter's signal preservation mechanism becomes more dominant. The paper presents experimental data to compare the performance of the proposed filter with other well-known filters on a set of simulated images as well as B-mode ultrasonic images. It is shown that the proposed adaptive entropy weighted median (AEWM) filter has a superior performance in both the speckle reduction and edge preservation.
256-Slice CT Angiographic Evaluation of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts: Effect of Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability and Z-Axis Location on Image Quality (2014)

CABG imaging with 270-msec rotation 256-slice CT and prospective ECG-gating showed an adequate image quality in 96.6% of graft segments, and an excellent interobserver agreement. Graft image quality was not influenced by heart rate level. Image quality scores were however significantly decreased in patients with high heart rate variability, as well as in distal graft segments, which are closer to the heart.
Deep Learning-Based Person Detection and Classification for Far Field Video Surveillance (2018)

This paper presents a deep learning-based approach to detect and classify persons in video data captured from distances of several miles via a high-power lens video camera. For detection, a set of computationally efficient image processing steps are considered to identify moving areas that contain a person. These areas are then passed onto a convolutional neural network classifier whose convolutional layers consist of the GoogleNet transfer learning. Despite the challenges associated with the video dataset examined in terms of the low resolution of persons appearing in the video data and the presence of heat haze and camera shaking, the developed approach generated 90% classification accuracy.
Failure analysis of beryllium tile assembles following high heat flux testing for the ITER program (2000)

The following document describes the processing, testing and post-test analysis of two Be-Cu assemblies that have successfully met the heat load requirements for the first wall and dome sections for the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) fusion reactor. Several different joint assemblies were evaluated in support of a manufacturing technology investigation aimed at diffusion bonding or brazing a beryllium armor tile to a copper alloy heat sink for fusion reactor applications. Judicious selection of materials and coatings for these assemblies was essential to eliminate or minimize interactions with the highly reactive beryllium armor material. A thin titanium layer was used as a diffusion barrier to isolate the copper heat sink from the beryllium armor. To reduce residual stresses produced by differences in the expansion coefficients between the beryllium and copper, a compliant layer of aluminum or aluminum-beryllium (AlBeMet-150) was used. Aluminum was chosen because it does not chemically react with, and exhibits limited volubility in, beryllium. Two bonding processes were used to produce the assemblies. The primary process was a diffusion bonding technique. In this case, undesirable metallurgical reactions were minimized by keeping the materials in a solid state throughout the fabrication cycle. The other process employed an aluminum-silicon layer as a brazing filler material. In both cases, a hot isostatic press (HIP) furnace was used in conjunction with vacuum-canned assemblies in order to minimize oxidation and provide sufficient pressure on the assemblies for full metal-to-metal contact and subsequent bonding. The two final assemblies were subjected to a suite of tests including: tensile tests and electron and optical metallography. Finally, high heat flux testing was conducted at the electron beam testing system (EBTS) at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico. Here, test mockups were fabricated and subjected to normal heat loads to 10 MW/m{sup 2} (3 Hz) and abnormal heat loads to 250 MJ/m{sup 2} (0.5s) to determine their performance under simulated fusion reactor conditions for first wall components. Both assemblies survived the normal heat loads with no visual damage. Optical and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the extent of the damage at the interfaces following the VDE simulations.
Calpain inhibitor, SJA6017, reduces the rate of formation of selenite cataract in rats (2001)

Systemic SJA6017 was taken up by the lens, and SJA6017 ameliorated in vivo selenite cataract formation. These studies are important because they partially validate the biochemical rationale for developing non-surgical, drug treatments for cataract prevention in man.
Voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy under the electronic structure modulation in quantum wells (2020)

Voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) offers an emerging approach to realize energy-efficient magnetization switching in spintronic devices such as magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). Here, we show that manipulating the condensed states, i.e., introducing quantum well (QW) can significantly influence the VCMA in a Cr/Fe-QW/MgAl2O4 based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Only for the MTJ with an even number of Fe atomic layers, we observed a novel A-shaped VCMA curve for a particular QW state, where magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) reaches a local maximum at zero bias and reduces when applying both positive and negative bias, i.e., a novel bi-polar VCMA effect. Our ab initio calculations demonstrate that the QW states give an additional contribution to perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), which can explain not only the A-shaped VCMA but also the Fe-layer-number parity dependence of VCMA. The present study suggests that the QW-modulated VCMA should open a new pathway to design VCMA-assisted MRAM.
Discovery of BI 207524, an Indole Diamide NS5B Thumb Pocket 1 Inhibitor with Improved Potency for the Potential Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2014)

The development of interferon-free regimens for the treatment of chronic HCV infection constitutes a preferred option that is expected in the future to provide patients with improved efficacy, better tolerability, and reduced risk for emergence of drug-resistant virus. We have pursued non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase allosteric inhibitors as combination partners with other direct acting antivirals (DAAs) having a complementary mechanism of action. Herein, we describe the discovery of a potent follow-up compound (BI 207524, 27) to the first thumb pocket 1 NS5B inhibitor to demonstrate antiviral activity in genotype 1 HCV infected patients, BILB 1941 (1). Cell-based replicon potency was significantly improved through electronic modulation of the pKa of the carboxylic acid function of the lead molecule. Subsequent ADME-PK optimization lead to 27, a predicted low clearance compound in man. The preclinical profile of inhibitor 27 is discussed, as well as the identification of a genotoxic metabolite that led to the discontinuation of the development of this compound.
Helical CT of renal masses: the value of delayed scans. (1996)

Because of the significant risk of missing a renal mass, especially a neoplasm, on early cortical-phase scans, additional delayed scans appear justified when a renal mass is suspected on the basis of other imaging tests or clinical history.
A Sensitive Multichannel Detection System for Surface Raman Spectroscopy (1988)

A cooled multichannel detector has been developed that is based on a second-generation image intensifier tube and a Reticon photodiode array. The sensitivity of the device is characterized and discussed in terms of the limiting noise sources. For use in Raman spectroscopy, the detector has been optically matched to a triple spectrograph. Signal-to-noise ratios obtained with this detection system are compared with those of typical photon counting instruments. The required integration time (∼1000 s) and substrate properties to record unenhanced Raman signals from an adsorbed molecular monolayer on a surface are discussed.
Moving Object Classification with a Sub-6 GHz Massive MIMO Array Using Real Data (2021)

Classification between different activities in an indoor environment using wireless signals is an emerging technology for various applications, including intrusion detection, patient care, and smart home. Researchers have shown different methods to classify activities and their potential benefits by utilizing WiFi signals. In this paper, we analyze classification of moving objects by employing machine learning on real data from a massive multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) system in an indoor environment. We conduct measurements for different activities in both line-of-sight and non line-of-sight scenarios with a massive MIMO testbed operating at 3.7 GHz. We propose algorithms to exploit amplitude and phase-based features classification task. For the considered setup, we benchmark the classification performance and show that we can achieve up to 98% accuracy using real massive MIMO data, even with a small number of experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate the gain in performance results with a massive MIMO system as compared with that of a limited number of antennas such as in WiFi devices.
Convolutional neural network-based post-filtering for compressed YUV420 images and video (2021)

Images and videos compressed with lossy compression algorithms usually suffer from visible distortions, especially when the bitrate is low. To improve the quality without spending extra bitrate, many image and video codecs have built-in filters to mitigate these artifacts. However, most of them are only applied on the luminance channel, while the chrominance channels remain unmodified. While this is partly justified by the observation that the luminance channel usually contains more details and has higher-resolution than the chrominance channels. We observe that the luminance and chrominance channels still have latent correlations. Therefore, the post-filtering of the chrominance channels is also beneficial and can be driven by the information from the luminance channel. In this paper, we propose a 3-stage YUV post-filtering network for compressed YUV420 images and video. The proposed 3-stage structure not only improves the quality of the luminance channel, but also exploits the luma-chroma correlations to improve the quality of the chrominance channels. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves 3.60%/12.75%/14.93% Bj⊘ntegaard Delta bitrate improvement for the Y, U and V channels over the VVC 10.0 codec for All-Intra configuration.
Studies on histaminergic compounds part v 1. vuf 8405 a potent and relatively easy accessible analogue of the h 2 agonist impromidine (1986)

Synthese et etude biologique du compose du titre (benzylthio-2''' ethyl-3″ (=R-3″) guanidino-3' propyl-5 imidazole) et de ses analogues R-3″ guanidino-2' ethyl-5 imidazole et N 1 -R thiocarbamimidates d'imidazoleethanethiol-5 et -propanethiol-5