gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Engineering of Actinobacillus succinogenes Provides Insights into Succinic Acid Biosynthesis (2017)

<i>Actinobacillus succinogenes</i>, a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe, exhibits the native capacity to convert pentose and hexose sugars to succinic acid (SA) with high yield as a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate. In addition, <i>A. succinogenes</i> is capnophilic, incorporating CO<sub>2</sub> into SA, making this organism an ideal candidate host for conversion of lignocellulosic sugars and CO<sub>2</sub> to an emerging commodity bioproduct sourced from renewable feedstocks. In this work, we report the development of facile metabolic engineering capabilities in <i>A. succinogenes</i>, enabling examination of SA flux determinants via knockout of the primary competing pathways-namely, acetate and formate production-and overexpression of the key enzymes in the reductive branch of the TCA cycle leading to SA. Batch fermentation experiments with the wild-type and engineered strains using pentose-rich sugar streams demonstrate that the overexpression of the SA biosynthetic machinery (in particular, the enzyme malate dehydrogenase) enhances flux to SA. Additionally, removal of competitive carbon pathways leads to higher-purity SA but also triggers the generation of by-products not previously described from this organism (e.g., lactic acid). The resultant engineered strains also lend insight into energetic and redox balance and elucidate mechanisms governing organic acid biosynthesis in this important natural SA-producing microbe.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Succinic acid production from lignocellulosic residues is a potential route for enhancing the economic feasibility of modern biorefineries. Here, we employ facile genetic tools to systematically manipulate competing acid production pathways and overexpress the succinic acid-producing machinery in <i>Actinobacillus succinogenes</i> Furthermore, the resulting strains are evaluated via fermentation on relevant pentose-rich sugar streams representative of those from corn stover. Overall, this work demonstrates genetic modifications that can lead to succinic acid production improvements and identifies key flux determinants and new bottlenecks and energetic needs when removing by-product pathways in <i>A. succinogenes</i> metabolism.
Catalyst development for water–gas shift (2010)

Abstract In the industrial production of hydrogen and of synthesis gas the water gas shift reaction represents an essential step for the overall process efficiency of the process by increasing the hydrogen yield and by adjusting the desired ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide for a subsequent synthesis step. In addition to that in fuel cell technology it is absolutely necessary to decrease the CO content of the fuel hydrogen due to the limited CO tolerance of present day fuel cell anodes. To be successful applying water gas shift catalysts in hydrogen production for fuel cells especially in automotive systems some major obstacles of the commercial Cu/Zn/Al catalyst systems must be overcome. Major new demands are reduction of volume and weight by two to three orders of magnitude, oxidation resistance and improved tolerance for steam condensation and poisons, here mainly sulfur present in gas feedstock and in gasoline. Precious metal catalyst systems on rare earth metal oxides are most promising and could fulfill the requirements in nonstationary applications were conventional catalysts are not applicable.
IQI Mitigation for Narrowband IoT Systems With OFDM-IM (2018)

The crucial aim for 5G narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is to support massive connectivity with wide coverage area, low power consumption, low hardware complexity, and low data rate. Direct conversion receiver (DCR) has a simple structure to fulfill NB-IoT requirements. However, a significant degradation has been observed on the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with the DCR due to in-phase and quadrature imbalance (IQI) at RF front-end. Estimation and mitigation of IQI in OFDM systems require an iterative receiver at the expense of high complexity and power consumption. In this paper, OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is proposed as a promising candidate in order to meet the demands of NB-IoT use cases. OFDM-IM-based systems carry data information not only by modulated subcarriers but also by indices of fractionally used subcarriers. A non-iterative and efficient receiver that exploits inactive subcarriers is introduced to mitigate the effect of IQI for NB-IoT with OFDM-IM. Cyclic redundancy check algorithm is used to investigate the accuracy of the receiver under IQI. Theoretical analysis and computer-based simulations show that the proposed non-iterative receiver for OFDM-IM in NB-IoT under IQI works very well in various scenarios. Moreover, our findings show that the OFDM-IM under IQI provides higher signal-to-interference ratio in comparison with classical OFDM.
Pharmacoeconomics and the Medicinal Chemist (2014)

Pharmacoeconomics is a rational, scientific approach to compare the value (in terms of both cost and patient outcome) of one medication or drug therapy regimen to another. The impact of this new approach on both the practicing medicinal chemist and broader drug discovery efforts is considered.
On the performance of Heuristic opportunistic scheduling in the uplink of 3G LTE networks (2008)

In this paper we study the performance of the heuristic localized gradient algorithm (HLGA) that was designed for uplink scheduling in 3G long term evolution (LTE) systems. The performance of the algorithm is examined when dynamic traffic models are assumed. With dynamic traffic, users will have different buffer occupancies. The amount of resources granted to a user need to be mapped to the size of those occupancies. We suggest for that, a procedure called dasiapruningpsila where resources are given to users who maximize a certain criteria and later on prune the extra resources and allocate them to other users. We also study the performance loss caused by more realistic assumptions on base station knowledge of the terminalpsilas buffer state. We first assume no delay in the reporting of the buffer occupancy but later evaluate the effect of buffer reporting delays and quantification of data used to report the status of a buffer.
Performance of Decision-Directed Channel Estimation Using Effective Path Selection in Time Domain for Uplink DFT-Precoded OFDMA (2011)

This paper proposes decision-directed channel estimation (DDCE) applying threshold based effective path selection in the time domain for a time-multiplexed reference signal (RS) in discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) using a frequency domain equalizer (FDE). In the proposed method, the threshold based effective path selection in the time domain generates an accurate channel response for the FDE using soft-decision data symbols based on the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of extrinsic information provided by a Max-Log-maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoder and RS symbols. Computer simulation results show that the threshold based effective path selection in the time domain suppresses the noise components more effectively than a weighted coherent averaging filter in the frequency domain for DDCE as well as for channel estimation with a RS only in terms of the block error rate (BLER) performance level. It is also shown that the DDCE using threshold based effective path selection in the time domain significantly contributes to the decrease in the required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) for time-multiplexed RSs particularly for a wide transmission bandwidth in DFT-precoded OFDMA.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I) Catalyzes the Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes with Imines and Produces α,α′‐N‐Triarylbisenamines: Studies on Their Use as Intermediates in Synthesis. (2011)

Abstract Au(I)‐catalyzed treatment of anilines with terminal alkynes provides a new approach to bisenamines.
Frequency Comb Generation in the XUV Regime using a Yb-fiber Laser and Amplifier System (2009)

An Yb-doped fiber laser and amplifier system is used together with an enhancement cavity for high harmonic generation for precision spectroscopy. Higher order harmonics can be produced in comparison to systems with Ti:sapphire lasers.
Contrast-accumulated histogram equalization for image enhancement (2017)

Among image enhancement methods, histogram equalization (HE) has received the most attention because of its intuitive implementation quality, high efficiency, and the monotonicity of its intensity mapping function. However, HE is indiscriminate and overemphasizes the contrast around intensities with large pixel populations but little visual importance. To address this issue, we propose an HE-based method that adaptively controls the contrast gain according to the potential visual importance of intensities and pixels. Observing that in natural scenes image details are usually hidden in darker regions that have noticeable local differences, we formulate the potential visual importance on the basis of the multi-resolution, dark-pass filtered gradients in the image. Experiments show that our method is highly discriminating in terms of noises and trivial image gradients, and it guarantees great global contrast preservation.
An add-on organic green-to-blue photon-upconversion layer for organic light emitting diodes (2018)

Deep-blue emission from a green OLED is obtained by adding a thin gelled upconversion layer and additional dichroic filters.
Congestion at Locks on Inland Waterways: An Experimental Testbed of a Policy of Tradable Priority Permits for Lock Access (2005)

This research is focused on the problem of congestion at locks on the inland waterways of the United States, and particularly on the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. The current policy of first-come-first-served exacerbates the problem and adds to delays and inefficiency. An alternative policy of marketable priority access permits is proposed and studied. The dimensions of the policy relative to the needs of operators are discussed. Well established economic theory suggests that the system of marketable priority permits will increase the economic efficiency with which locks operate and that by the endowing of current operators with these permits will increase their profitability. A testbed experiment was conducted to illustrate how the principles operate. The policy objective of increased efficiency is observed thereby establishing proof of principle. More importantly, the policy works according to all of the many predictions that theory holds thereby establishing design consistency. Not only is the value of system use increased, prices converge to the competitive levels, the removal of delay for certain classes of permits transforms system use to higher valued activities and operator profitability is increased. In the testbed, the policy produces the desired outcomes and it does so for understandable reasons.
Best-effort versus reservations (1998)

Using a simple analytical model, this paper addresses the following question: Should the Internet retain its best-effort-only architecture, or should it adopt one that is reservation-capable? We characterize the differences between reservation-capable and best-effort-only networks in terms of application performance and total welfare. Our analysis does not yield a definitive answer to the question we pose, since it would necessarily depend on unknowable factors such as the future cost of network bandwidth and the nature of the future traffic load. However, our model does reveal some interesting phenomena. First, in some circumstances, the amount of incremental bandwidth needed to make a best-effort-only network perform as well as a reservation capable one diverges as capacity increases. Second, in some circumstances reservation-capable networks retain significant advantages over best-effort-only networks, no matter how cheap bandwidth becomes. Lastly, we find bounds on the maximum performance advantage a reservation-capable network can achieve over best-effort architectures.
Opportunistic Relaying for Cognitive Radio Enhanced Cellular Networks: Infrastructure and Initial Results (2010)

International audience
More Is Not Necessarily Better: Prozone-Like Effects in Passive Immunization with IgG (2003)

Despite a century of study, the relationship between Ag-specific Ig concentration and protection remains poorly understood for the majority of pathogens. In certain conditions, administration of high Ab doses before challenge with an infectious agent can be less effective than smaller Ab doses, a phenomenon which is consistent with a prozone-like effect. In this study, the relationship between IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 dose, infective inocula, and protection was investigated in a mouse model of Cryptococcus neoformans infection. The activity of each IgG subclass ranged from protective to disease-enhancing depending on both the Ab dose and infective inocula used. Enhanced dissemination to the brain was observed in mice given a high IgG2a dose and a relatively low inoculum. Ab administration had immunomodulatory effects, with cytokine expression in lung, brain, and spleen varying as a function of the infective inoculum Ab dose and IgG subclass. In vitro studies did not predict or explain the mechanism of in vivo prozone-like effects, because all isotypes were opsonic and elicited NO release from macrophages. IgG2a was most efficient in inducing a macrophage oxidative burst. These results reveal that an individual Ab can be protective, nonprotective, or disease-enhancing depending on its concentration relative to a challenge inoculum. Our findings have implications for the potential contribution of Ab responses to defense against microbial diseases because Ab-mediated immunity may be protective, nonprotective, or even deleterious to the host.
Layered transmission and caching for the multicast session directory service (1998)

The recent advent of the Internet hfulticast service has enabled a number of .mccessful real-time multimedia applications, yet the scalabii@ of these applications remains challenged by the inherent heterogeneity of the underlying Internet. One promisiig approach for taming this heterogene ity is to encode each media flow as a layered signal that is striped across multiple. multicast groups, thereby allowing a receiver to tune its individual reception rate by modulating its subscription to multicast groups. Though significant progress had been made on media transport protocols and congestion control strategies for adjusting multicast groups in this fashio~comparatively little work has been devoted to extending the session directory service and address allocation architecture to meet the needs and requirements of layered media. Moreover, the large-scale deployment of layered media formats is hindered by the lack of support for layered formats in existing session directory tools. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new architecture for session advertisement and caching that exploits multicast "admbistrative scope" through protocol proxies to admit layered media formats and reduce the start-up latency of a directory-stice client by an order of magnitude or more. Our architecture is fully compatible with the existing directory service allowing our implementation, -which is split acro.w a new session directory tool and network proxy, to be incrementally deployed within the current Internet multimedia conferencing architecture.
Grain Growth in Cu2ZnSnS4Thin Films Using Sn Vapor Transport for Photovoltaic Applications (2013)

Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films containing grains grown using Sn vapor transport (TVT) were investigated. Structural characterization revealed that the grain sizes were equal to or larger than the film thickness (1–4 µm) and significantly larger than those in the case of growth without TVT (60 nm). Furthermore, no phase separation was detected. Photothermal diffraction spectroscopy revealed that the optical absorption coefficient was very low in the subgap region, 7×101 cm-1, suggesting the suppression of defect formation. Finally, a TVT-processed thin film was used as an absorber in a solar cell, and a conversion efficiency of 6.9% was achieved.
Repurposing a photosynthetic antenna protein as a super-resolution microscopy label (2017)

Techniques such as Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) and Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) have increased the achievable resolution of optical imaging, but few fluorescent proteins are suitable for super-resolution microscopy, particularly in the far-red and near-infrared emission range. Here we demonstrate the applicability of CpcA, a subunit of the photosynthetic antenna complex in cyanobacteria, for STORM and SIM imaging. The periodicity and width of fabricated nanoarrays of CpcA, with a covalently attached phycoerythrobilin (PEB) or phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore, matched the lines in reconstructed STORM images. SIM and STORM reconstructions of Escherichia coli cells harbouring CpcA-labelled cytochrome bd <sub>1</sub> ubiquinol oxidase in the cytoplasmic membrane show that CpcA-PEB and CpcA-PCB are suitable for super-resolution imaging in vivo. The stability, ease of production, small size and brightness of CpcA-PEB and CpcA-PCB demonstrate the potential of this largely unexplored protein family as novel probes for super-resolution microscopy.
Fitts and VR: Evaluating Display and Input Devices with Fitts' Law (1997)

This paper describes an experiment using Fitts' Law to evaluate performance in target acquisition tasks comparing a typical virtual reality (VR) display and input device with a typical computer workstation display and input device. The objective was to determine the effects of using VR hardware on target acquisition performance and validate Fitts' Law in a VR setting. Participants performed 2D target acquisition tasks varying width of target, distance of target, and angle of target from starting point. Factors that showed significantly different acquisition times included input device, distance from target, width of target, and angle of target from starting point. Display type did not show significance. In addition, acquisition times significantly increased throughout the experiment, indicating fatigue. Extending the use of Fitts' Law as an evaluation tool for VR systems is discussed.
Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Carcinoma Following Head and Neck Cancer by Genetic Analysis (2009)

The TP53 mutation data validate the suitability of the LOH marker panel and decision algorithm for differential diagnosis of DM and SPT in the lung. LOH analysis can theoretically be exploited in almost all cases and is less laborious than TP53 mutation analysis.
PQL: a declarative query language over dynamic biological schemata. (2002)

We introduce the PQL query language (PQL) used in the GeneSeek genetic data integration project. PQL incorporates many features of query languages for semi-structured data. To this we add the ability to express metadata constraints like intended semantics and database curation approach. These constraints guide the dynamic generation of potential query plans. This allows a single query to remain relevant even in the presence of source and mediated schemas that are continually evolving, as is often the case in data integration.
Gear Fault Diagnostics Integrated in the Motion Servo Drive for Electromechanical Actuators (2011)

This paper presents contributions made in gear fault diagnostics for motion servos with continuously variable speed as used for aerospace and automotive electromechanical actuators. As the first step for motion servo diagnostics, an observer-based kinematic error estimator is developed whereby this estimated kinematic error is proposed as an operating point-independent gear surface fault signature. As the second step, a signal processing method is developed for real-time implementation of spatial domain resampling of regular time domain samples, and this method is combined with spatial domain synchronous averaging methods, which are shown to be very effective in filtering out unwanted asynchronous signatures. Lastly, a motion servo actuator with a gear surface failure is tested, and the proposed methods are shown to successfully extract the kinematic error profiles of the defective gear during motion servo operation over a wide range of continuously varying velocity.
Custom design of CMOS low-power high-performance digital signal-processing macro for hard-disk-drive applications (1995)

The design challenges and custom design techniques associated with low-power, small-area, high-performance CMOS digital signal-processing circuits for hard-disk-drive applications are presented. The advantages of custom design are demonstrated by an example custom digital FIR filter macro that provides substantial improvement in performance, area, and power dissipation over standard-cell implementations.
The antimicrobial efficacy of copper, cobalt, zinc and silver nanoparticles: alone and in combination (2023)

With the advent of nanotechnology, there has been an extensive interest in the antimicrobial potential of metals. The rapid and widespread development of antimicrobial-resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria has prompted recent research into developing novel or alternative antimicrobial agents. In this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of metallic copper, cobalt, silver and zinc nanoparticles was assessed against<i>Escherichia coli</i>(NCTC 10538),<i>S. aureus</i>(ATCC 6538) along with three clinical isolates of<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>(A37, A57 and A91) and three clinical isolates of<i>E. coli</i>(Strains 1, 2 and 3) recovered from bone marrow transplant patients and patients with cystitis respectively. Antimicrobial sensitivity assays, including agar diffusion and broth macro-dilution to determine minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) and time-kill/synergy assays, were used to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the agents. The panel of test microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant strains, demonstrated a broad range of sensitivity to the metals investigated. MICs of the type culture strains were in the range of 0.625-5.0 mg ml<sup>-1</sup>. While copper and cobalt exhibited no difference in sensitivity between Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, silver and zinc showed strain specificity. A significant decrease (<i>p</i>< 0.001) in the bacterial density of<i>E. coli</i>and<i>S. aureus</i>was demonstrated by silver, copper and zinc in as little as two hours. Furthermore, combining metal nanoparticles reduced the time required to achieve a complete kill.