gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Irradiation Controls the Manganese Oxidation States of Nanostructured (Li[Li0.2Mn0.52Ni0.13Co0.13Al0.02]O2) Layered Cathode Materials for High-Performance Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

A hybrid synthesis procedure, combining microwave irradiation and conventional annealing process, is described for the preparation&#13;\nof lithium-rich manganese-rich cathode materials, Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 (LMNC) and its aluminum-doped counterpart,&#13;\nLi[Li0.2Mn0.52Ni0.13Co0.13Al0.02]O2 (LMNCA). Essentially, this study interrogates the structure and electrochemistry of these&#13;\nlayered cathode materials when subjected to microwave irradiation (these microwave-based produced are abbreviated herein as&#13;\nLMNC-mic andLMNCA-mic). The nanoparticulate nature of these layered cathode materials were confirmed by SEM. The crystallinity&#13;\nand layeredness were determined from the XRD analysis. The XPS measurements proved a definite change in the oxidation states of&#13;\nthe manganese due to microwave irradiation. The galvanostatic charge-discharge characterization showed that the aluminum-doped&#13;\ncathode material obtained with the assistance of microwave irradiation has superior electrochemical properties. In summary, the&#13;\nelectrochemical performance of these cathode materials produced with and without the assistance of microwave irradiation decreased&#13;\nas follows: LMNCAmic &gt; LMNCA &gt; LMNCmic &gt; LMNC.
Auction based bandwidth allocation on the Internet (2006)

QoS provisioning on the Internet entails resource allocation as per the service level agreements (SLAs) with the customer. Since, the duration of the time slots over which the resources are allocated is short, resources are allocated and de-allocated frequently. In this paper, an auction based mechanism has been proposed and evaluated for nearly consistent reservation of bandwidth together with revenue maximization for the service provider. In the usual auction mechanism, bidding is performed on the assumption that the reserve price is fixed and is known to the customers a priori. This assumption leads to an inefficient market and the revenue of the seller suffers. In the proposed auction model, a varying reserve price is proposed and incorporated in the progressive second price (PSP) model. The variation in the reserve price acts as a signal to the users to modify their bids accordingly. The results suggest that this mechanism helps raise the potential revenue of the seller irrespective of the price mechanism being adopted
Cyclophosphamide Therapy of Severe Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitis (1979)

We studied 17 patients with severe systemic necrotizing vasculitis over an 11-year-period. Sixteen patients were treated daily with cyclophosphamide (2 mg per kilogram per day), and one was treated with azathioprine (2 mg per kilogram per day). Before entering the study, all patients had active and progressive disease, even though 16 patients had been receiving corticosteroids that had caused severe and often incapacitating toxic side effects. Three patients died during the study. Complete and often dramatic remissions occurred in the surviving 14 patients, who were then placed on alternate-day corticosteroid treatment with continuation of cyclophosphamide. Corticosteroids were later discontinued in seven patients. The mean duration of remission was 22 months (range, two to 61). No patient showed recurrence of disease during treatment with cytotoxic agents. (N Engl J Med 301:235–238, 1979)
Low-Loss Silicon Platform for Broadband Mid-Infrared Photonics (2017)

Broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy applications could greatly benefit from today's well-developed, highly scalable silicon photonics technology; however, this platform lacks broadband transparency due to its reliance on absorptive silicon dioxide cladding. Alternative cladding materials have been studied, but the challenge lies in decreasing losses while avoiding complex fabrication techniques. Here, in contrast to traditional assumptions, we show that silicon photonics can achieve low-loss propagation in the mid-IR from 3 - 6 um wavelength, thus providing a highly scalable, well-developed technology in this spectral range. We engineer the waveguide cross section and optical mode interaction with the absorptive cladding oxide to reduce loss at mid-IR wavelengths. We fabricate a microring resonator and measure an intrinsic quality (Q) factor of 10^6 at wavelengths from 3.5 to 3.8 um. This is the highest Q demonstrated on an integrated mid-IR platform to date. With this high-Q silicon microresonator, we also demonstrate a low optical parametric oscillation threshold of 5.2 mW, illustrating the utility of this platform for nonlinear chip-scale applications in the mid-IR.
Analysis of defective phagocytosis in COPD using super-resolution microscopy and automated bacterial quantification (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Phagocytosis of bacteria, fungal spores and apoptotic cells is reduced in macrophages from COPD patients, but the mechanism remains unknown. The use of super-resolved microscopy (SRM) may allow investigation of specific molecular defects in single cells undergoing phagocytosis using fewer cells than conventional methods such as flow cytometry and plate reader fluorimetry. <b>Aim:</b> Develop a methodology to assess phagocytosis of bacteria in single macrophages and compare responses between cells from healthy and COPD subjects. <b>Method:</b> Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from non-smokers (NS, n=5) and COPD patients (n=3) were incubated with fluorescently-labelled <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (HI) for up to 60 min. Cells stained for actin or tubulin with silicon rhodamine dyes were imaged live by widefield (WF) microscopy, deconvolved with Huygens software and bacteria quantified using MicrobeJ. Comparative SRM images were acquired in fixed samples by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). <b>Results:</b> WF microscopy of MDM from COPD patients showed reduced phagocytosis compared to NS at 60 min (HI/cell, NS = 4.92 ± 0.47, COPD = 1.73 ± 0.31, p&lt;0.01). The percentage of MDM that did not phagocytose was not significant between groups (NS: 33.5±8.3%, COPD: 61.1±7.7%, p=0.143). STORM images identified significantly more bacteria than WF (4-fold) and deconvolved WF (2-fold). <b>Conclusions:</b> Analysis of 100 cells revealed significant differences in phagocytosis between NS and COPD with fewer than the 10<sup>5</sup> cells required for plate reader or FACS. SRM and new analysis software allows phagocytosis in live cells to be determined in detail using fewer cells than other methods.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Proteasome Inhibition Potentiates Antitumor Effects of Photodynamic Therapy in Mice through Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Proteasome Inhibition Potentiates Antitumor Effects of Photodynamic Therapy in Mice through Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response
Effect of dephasing on the molecular absorption in a two-frequency field (1984)

The absorption of a molecule in the field of a fixed frequency coherent wave is studied using a simple, classical one-dimensional anharmonic oscillator model. The absorption is found to develop structure in the presence of a second mode of varying frequency. The structure is found to be sensitive to the intensity and wavelength of the tunable field and to wash out in the presence of collisions.
Responses to Adenine Nucleotides and Related Compounds of Isolated Dog Cerebral, Coronary and Mesenteric Arteries (1982)

In helically cut strips of dog cerebral, coronary and mesenteric arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha, adenosine, AMP, ADP, ATP and cyclic AMP produced dose-related, persistent relaxation. On the basis of ED50S, the relaxant effect seen in cerebral arteries was in the order of AMP, ADP, ATP greater than adenosine, cyclic AMP greater than aderine, dibutyryl cyclic AMP greater than inosine. On the basis of maximum relaxations, the effect was in the order of adenine, dibutyryl cyclic AMP greater than or equal to adenosine, AMP, ADP, ATP greater than cyclic AMP, inosine. The relaxant responses to adenosine, AMP, ADP, ATP and cyclic AMP were attenuated by treatment with aminophylline, whereas the relaxations induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, adenine and inosine were not altered. It is concluded that adenosine, AMP, ADP and ATP, but not adenine and inosine, appear to share receptors underlying arterial relaxations, and the cyclic AMP-induced relaxation does not derive from increments in cellular cyclic AMP. Treatment with aspirin did not alter the relaxant effect of ADP, adenosine and adenine, suggesting that the release of vasoactive prostaglandins is not involved.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Conjugate Additions of Grignard and Organozincate Reagents to Substituted 4‐Vinylpyridines. General Synthesis of Phosphodiesterase IV Inhibitors. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Long-term remissions after FCR chemoimmunotherapy in previously untreated patients with CLL: updated results of the CLL8 trial (2015)

Despite promising results with targeted drugs, chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide (FC), and rituximab (R) remains the standard therapy for fit patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Herein, we present the long-term follow-up of the randomized CLL8 trial reporting safety and efficacy of FC and FCR treatment of 817 treatment-naïve patients with CLL. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). With a median follow-up of 5.9 years, median PFS were 56.8 and 32.9 months for the FCR and FC group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.69, P < .001). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached for the FCR group and was 86.0 months for the FC group (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.89, P = .001). In patients with mutated IGHV (IGHV MUT), FCR improved PFS and OS compared with FC (PFS: HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.68, P < .001; OS: HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.34-1.11, P = .1). This improvement remained applicable for all cytogenetic subgroups other than del(17p). Long-term safety analyses showed that FCR had a higher rate of prolonged neutropenia during the first year after treatment (16.6% vs 8.8%; P = .007). Secondary malignancies including Richter's transformation occurred in 13.1% in the FCR group and in 17.4% in the FC group (P = .1). First-line chemoimmunotherapy with FCR induces long-term remissions and highly relevant improvement in OS in specific genetic subgroups of fit patients with CLL, in particular those with IGHV MUT. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00281918.
Antidiabetic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Active Components (2019)

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. Examples of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential are described, with focuses on preclinical and clinical studies. The beneficial potential of each plant matrix is given by the combined and concerted action of their profile of biologically active compounds.
Full-field exposure performance of electron projection lithography tool (2004)

Electron projection lithography (EPL) is a realistic technology for the 65nm node and below, as a complementary technology of optical lithography especially for contacts and gate layers because of its high resolution and large process margin. Nikon has developed an EPL exposure tool as an electron-beam (EB) stepper and the first generation EB stepper; NSR-EB1A is now almost completed as an R&amp;D tool for the 65nm technology node. Using a ϕ200mm reticle, a 20mm×25mm exposure field is realized. Full-field exposure performance of NSR-EB1A is shown. A 70nm isolated line and 1:1 nested lines are simultaneously resolved, as are 50nm 1:2 nested lines. 60nm contact holes are resolved with a depth of focus over a 10μm range and dosage window over ±6%. Stitching accuracy is about 20nm (3σ) and the single machine overlay is about 30nm (mean + 3σ). These data mean sufficient performance for device manufacturing of the 65nm technology node. The concept of a large subfield is one candidate for resolution and throughput enhancement in EPL production tool. The Coulomb blur is directly measured by an aerial image sensor for a large subfield and small beam half-angle, and the data show good agreement with simulations. It is shown that throughput over 20 wafers per hour (ϕ300mm) is realistic and achievable in a production tool of a 45nm technology node.
Laser micro-fabrication systems for consumer electronics device manufacturing (2013)

Laser based micro-fabrication tools have become default choices for critical processes in consumer electronics. Smart beam delivery and system design enables high quality low cost manufacturing of several key components in mobile devices.
High quality large scale single and multilayer graphene production by chemical vapor deposition (2023)

Systems and methods for synthesizing continuous graphene sheets are provided. The systems and methods include passing a catalyst substrate through a heated chemical vapor deposition chamber and exposing the substrate to a reaction gas mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon at a preselected location within the chamber. The reaction gas mixture can include hydrogen having a partial pressure of between about 0 Torr and 20 Torr, hydrocarbon having a partial pressure of between about 20 mTorr and about 10 Torr, and one or more buffer gases. The buffer gases can include argon or other noble gases to maintain atmospheric pressure within the chemical deposition chamber. The resulting graphene can be made with continuous mono and multilayers (up to six layers) and have single crystalline hexagonal grains with a preselected nucleation density and domain size for a range of applications.
Adversarial Learning of Privacy-Preserving and Task-Oriented Representations (2020)

Data privacy has emerged as an important issue as data-driven deep learning has been an essential component of modern machine learning systems. For instance, there could be a potential privacy risk of machine learning systems via the model inversion attack, whose goal is to reconstruct the input data from the latent representation of deep networks. Our work aims at learning a privacy-preserving and task-oriented representation to defend against such model inversion attacks. Specifically, we propose an adversarial reconstruction learning framework that prevents the latent representations decoded into original input data. By simulating the expected behavior of adversary, our framework is realized by minimizing the negative pixel reconstruction loss or the negative feature reconstruction (i.e., perceptual distance) loss. We validate the proposed method on face attribute prediction, showing that our method allows protecting visual privacy with a small decrease in utility performance. In addition, we show the utility-privacy trade-off with different choices of hyperparameter for negative perceptual distance loss at training, allowing service providers to determine the right level of privacy-protection with a certain utility performance. Moreover, we provide an extensive study with different selections of features, tasks, and the data to further analyze their influence on privacy protection.
Role of the corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor type 2 in the control of food intake in mice: a meal pattern analysis (2007)

The actions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and related peptides are mediated by two receptors (CRF(1) and CRF(2)). The respective role of each subtype in the control of food intake remains poorly known. In the present study, we examined the quantity and microstructure of ingestive behavior of knockout (KO) mice lacking CRF(2) receptors and their wild-type (WT) littermates. Under basal conditions, CRF(2) KO mice showed increased nocturnal food intake, evident as an increased zenith in circadian cosinor analysis of food intake. Microstructure analysis revealed that this greater food intake reflected increased meal size, rather than meal frequency, suggesting a decreased satiating value of food. Following acute restraint stress, CRF(2) KO mice showed an intact immediate anorectic response with increased latency to eat and decreased meal size. However, CRF(2) deletion abolished the prolonged phase of restraint-induced anorexia. CRF(2) KO mice did not differ from WT controls in feeding responses to food deprivation or injection of ghrelin receptor agonists. Independent of genotype, food deprivation increased food intake, with dramatic changes in meal size, meal frequency, water : food ratio and eating rate. Acyl-ghrelin or BIM-28131, a potent ghrelin analog, dose-dependently stimulated food intake by increasing meal size (ghrelin, BIM-28131) and meal number (BIM-28131), while slowing the average eating rate (BIM-28131) similarly in WT and KO mice. These results suggest that the CRF(2) receptor is involved in the control of meal size during the active phase of eating and following acute exposure to stress.
Difluorooxymethylene-Bridged Liquid Crystals: A Novel Synthesis Based on the Oxidative Alkoxydifluorodesulfuration of Dithianylium Salts (2001)

Insertion of a difluorooxymethylene bridge into the mesogenic core structure of phenylcyclohexane-based liquid crystals results in a class of materials that exhibits a surprising and unprecedented improvement of essentially all application-relevant properties. A novel synthetic procedure allows the convenient large-scale preparation of a variety of compounds based on α,α-difluoroalkyl ether structures.
NOTCH2 links protein kinase C delta to the expression of CD23 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells (2009)

One characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocytes is high expression of CD23, which has previously been identified as a downstream target for NOTCH2 signalling. The mechanisms regulating NOTCH2-dependent CD23 expression, however, are largely unknown. This study showed that peripheral CLL cells overexpressed transcriptionally active NOTCH2 (N2(IC)), irrespective of their prognostic marker profile. When placed in culture, NOTCH2 activity was spontaneously decreased in 25 out of 31 CLL cases (81%) within 24 h. DNA-bound N2(IC) complexes could be maintained by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or by gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), two CLL characteristic inducers of CD23 expression. Inhibition of PKC-delta by RNA interference or by rottlerin antagonised PMA-induced NOTCH2 activation and also suppressed NOTCH2 activity in CLL cases with constitutively activated NOTCH2 signalling. In 23 out of 29 CLL cases tested (79%), DNA-bound N2(IC) complexes were found to be resistant to the gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) DAPT, suggesting that GSIs will be only effective in a subset of CLL cases. These data suggest that deregulation of NOTCH2 signalling is critically involved in maintaining the malignant phenotype of CLL lymphocytes and point to a link between PKC-delta and NOTCH2 signalling in the leukemic cells.
Electrophoretically Deposited Y2O3:Bi3+,Yb3+ Nanosheet Films as Spectral Converters for Crystalline Silicon Solar Devices (2019)

Transparent Y2O3:Bi3+,Yb3+ films that exhibit near-infrared (NIR) emission under near-ultraviolet (NUV) excitation are candidates for the spectral converters in crystalline silicon solar devices. In this work, NIR-emitting films were fabricated by the aqueous electrophoretic deposition of Y2O3:Bi3+,Yb3+ nanosheets, and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were enhanced by a postcalcination process. Positively charged Y2O3:Bi3+,Yb3+ nanosheets with adsorbed polyethylenimine (PEI) were deposited as a uniform and dense micrometer thick layer on a transparent conductive substrate by applying an electric field to an aqueous nanosheet dispersion. The resulting nanosheet film showed NIR emission from Yb3+, realized through energy transfer from Bi3+, when excited under NUV light. The NIR PL intensity of the film was improved by calcination at 700–1000 °C under a flow of air. This NIR PL enhancement was explained by the calcination process increasing the crystallinity of the Y2O3:Bi3+,Yb3+ nanosheets and removing adsorbed hydroxyl groups that quenched the NIR emission of Yb3+. Furthermore, the increased energy transfer efficiency of the Bi3+ → Yb3+ transition with increasing calcination temperature also contributed to the observed NIR PL enhancement of the nanosheet film. The NIR PL intensity of the as-deposited nanosheet film did not change under continuous NUV excitation, whereas a gradual increase in the PL intensity was observed for the calcined nanosheet films. This increase in the PL intensity of the calcined films would be caused by the photooxidation of the Bi and Yb ions, which were partially reduced by PEI during the calcination process.
DNA methylation dynamic in male rat germ cells during gametogenesis (2023)

In mammals, a near complete resetting of DNA methylation (DNAme) is observed during germline establishment. This wave of epigenetic reprogramming is sensitive to the environment, which could impair the establishment of an optimal state of the gamete epigenome, hence proper embryo development. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of DNAme dynamics during spermatogenesis, especially in rats, the model of choice for toxicological studies. Using a combination of cell sorting and DNA methyl-seq capture, we generated a stage-specific mapping of DNAme in nine populations of differentiating germ cells from perinatal life to spermiogenesis. DNAme was found to reach its lowest level at gestational day 18, the last demethylated coding regions being associated with negative regulation of cell movement. The following de novo DNAme displayed three different kinetics with common and distinct genomic enrichments, suggesting a non-random process. DNAme variations were also detected at key steps of chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis, revealing potential sensitivity. These methylome datasets for coding sequences during normal spermatogenesis in rat provide an essential reference for studying epigenetic-related effects of disease or environmental factors on the male germline.
An Edge-Bonded Surface Acoustic Wave Transducer Array (1979)

A new type of transducer array has been designed and built for imaging surface defect in metals such as aluminum. The array is formed by edge-bonding a piece of piezoelectric material to a substrate of the same material as the sample to be tested. The individual elements in the array are formed by photo1 ithography, and each element acts as an edge-bonded surface wave transducer. The array has 32 elements resonant at a center frequency of 3.1 MHz with a round trip 6 dB and a - +35O, 3 dB acceptance angle at its center frequency. A theory has been developed which predicts the angular response of the array accurately.