gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Budget-Constrained Item Cold-Start Handling in Collaborative Filtering\n Recommenders via Optimal Design (2014)

It is well known that collaborative filtering (CF) based recommender systems\nprovide better modeling of users and items associated with considerable rating\nhistory. The lack of historical ratings results in the user and the item\ncold-start problems. The latter is the main focus of this work. Most of the\ncurrent literature addresses this problem by integrating content-based\nrecommendation techniques to model the new item. However, in many cases such\ncontent is not available, and the question arises is whether this problem can\nbe mitigated using CF techniques only. We formalize this problem as an\noptimization problem: given a new item, a pool of available users, and a budget\nconstraint, select which users to assign with the task of rating the new item\nin order to minimize the prediction error of our model. We show that the\nobjective function is monotone-supermodular, and propose efficient optimal\ndesign based algorithms that attain an approximation to its optimum. Our\nfindings are verified by an empirical study using the Netflix dataset, where\nthe proposed algorithms outperform several baselines for the problem at hand.\n
Cylinder Deactivation for Increased Engine Efficiency and Aftertreatment Thermal Management in Diesel Engines (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Diesel engine cylinder deactivation (CDA) can be used to reduce petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the global freight transportation system. Heavy duty trucks require complex exhaust aftertreatment (A/T) in order to meet stringent emission regulations. Efficient reduction of engine-out emissions require a certain A/T system temperature range, which is achieved by thermal management via control of engine exhaust flow and temperature. Fuel efficient thermal management is a significant challenge, particularly during cold start, extended idle, urban driving, and vehicle operation in cold ambient conditions. CDA results in airflow reductions at low loads. Airflow reductions generally result in higher exhaust gas temperatures and lower exhaust flow rates, which are beneficial for maintaining already elevated component temperatures. Airflow reductions also reduce pumping work, which improves fuel efficiency. The fuel economy and thermal management benefits of one-third engine CDA, half-engine CDA and two-third engine CDA have been studied at key operating conditions. CDA improves the fuel efficiency at steady state loaded idle operation by 40% with similar engine out temperatures and lower exhaust flow rates compared to conventional thermal management strategies as demonstrated with an inline six (I6) cylinder medium duty diesel engine used in this study. The lower exhaust flow rates due to CDA help maintain elevated A/T temperatures via reduced heat transfer losses. At elevated engine speeds, CDA provides a 5% - 32% BTE improvement in fuel economy, increased rate of A/T warm-up, higher temperatures steady state temperatures, and allow for active diesel particulate filter regeneration without hydrocarbon dosing of the diesel oxidation catalyst. During highway cruise, half-engine CDA and two-third engine CDA can be used to reach engine outlet temperatures of 520 to 570&lt;sup&gt;°&lt;/sup&gt; C, a 170 to 220&lt;sup&gt;°&lt;/sup&gt; C increase compared to normal operation. Full engine CDA enables 78% reduction in motoring torque at an engine speed of 2100 rpm and thus could help save fuel and keep the A/T warm during vehicle coast.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ambient AFM Nanoscale Oxidation of Hydrogen‐Passivated Silicon with Conductive‐Diamond‐Coated Probes (2007)

Tip top: Wear resistant, conductive boron-doped diamond-coated AFM tips enable reliable nanoscale oxidation of hydrogen-terminated silicon with sub-20-nm spatial resolution (see image) and nanopatterning threshold biases as low as 1 V. Despite relatively high currents during nanopatterning, the kinetics are quantitatively consistent with an electric-field-induced mechanism.
Ultrastructure of the Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Human Embryos at Early Gestational Stages (1978)

The presence of the different blood series in the peripheral blood of 10- to 18-week-old human embryos was followed by electron microscopy. It has been demonstrated that the earlier the stage of embryonic development, the more immature cells are found in the peripheral blood. This phenomenon may suggest migration of blood cell progenitors from earlier to more definitive sites of embryonic erythropoiesis.
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF DICYANONICKEL(II) COMPLEXES WITH TRIMETHYLPHOSPHINE (1974)

Abstract We have recently reported3 the unusual temperature dependence of the ligand-field spectra of some trigonalbipyramidal complexes. On cooling solutions of several low-spin compounds containing nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II), the lowest energy band μ1, which is asymmetric or split at 295° K, was found to increase markedly in extinction coefficient and become more symmetrical. By contrast, the asymmetric band μ1 found in the electronic spectra of the corresponding solid complexes shows little change on lowering the temperature. In the light of these results, it is worthwhile measuring the effect of temperature on the electronic spectra of compounds such as [NiX2{P(CH3)3}3] (X = Cl, Br, I, CN) which contain simple monodentate ligands. In this note, we consider spectral properties of [Ni(CN)2{P(CH3)3}3] and also the related four-coordinate cyano-phosphine [Ni(CN)2{P(CH3)3}2]. The preparation of both compounds has been reported by Jensen and Dahl4 but spectroscopic and magnetic properties were not considered in that communication.
STRIPAK directs PP2A activity toward MAP4K4 to promote oncogenic transformation of human cells (2020)

Alterations involving serine-threonine phosphatase PP2A subunits occur in a range of human cancers, and partial loss of PP2A function contributes to cell transformation. Displacement of regulatory B subunits by the SV40 Small T antigen (ST) or mutation/deletion of PP2A subunits alters the abundance and types of PP2A complexes in cells, leading to transformation. Here, we show that ST not only displaces common PP2A B subunits but also promotes A-C subunit interactions with alternative B subunits (B''', striatins) that are components of the Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex. We found that STRN4, a member of STRIPAK, is associated with ST and is required for ST-PP2A-induced cell transformation. ST recruitment of STRIPAK facilitates PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of MAP4K4 and induces cell transformation through the activation of the Hippo pathway effector YAP1. These observations identify an unanticipated role of MAP4K4 in transformation and show that the STRIPAK complex regulates PP2A specificity and activity.
Body Surface Electrocardiographic Mapping for Non-invasive Identification of Arrhythmic Sources (2012)

The authors describe a novel three-dimensional, 252-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and computed tomography (CT)-based non-invasive cardiac imaging and mapping modality. This technique images potentials, electrograms and activation sequences (isochrones) on the epicardial surface of the heart. This tool has been investigated in the normal cardiac electrophysiology and various tachyarrhythmic, conduction and anomalous depo-repolarisation disorders. The clinical application of this system includes a wide range of electrical disorders like atrial arrhythmias (premature atrial beat, atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation), ventricular arrhythmias (premature ventricular beat, ventricular tachycardia) and ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). In addition, the system has been used in exploring abnormalities of the His-Purkinje conduction like the bundle branch block and intraventricular conduction disturbance and thereby useful in electrically treating the associated heart failure (cardiac resynchronisation). It has a potential role in furthering our understanding of abnormalities of ventricular action potential (depolarisation [Brugada syndrome and repolarisation], long QT and early repolarisation syndromes) and in evaluating the impact of drugs on His-Purkinje conduction and cardiac action potential.
Compliance Realization With Planar Serial Mechanisms Having Fixed Link Lengths (2022)

Abstract In this article, the synthesis of any specified planar compliance with a serial elastic mechanism having previously determined link lengths is addressed. For a general n-joint serial mechanism, easily assessed necessary conditions on joint locations for the realization of a given compliance are identified. Geometric construction-based synthesis procedures for five-joint and six-joint serial mechanisms having kinematically redundant fixed link lengths are developed. By using these procedures, a given serial manipulator can achieve a large set of different compliant behaviors by using variable stiffness actuation and by adjusting the mechanism configuration.
The Impact of Systemic Factors on Clinical Response to Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema (2016)

There were no associations between systemic factors (baseline values or change from baseline) and mean change of BCVA at month 24. These results suggest that visual response to ranibizumab therapy in DME was not influenced by nonocular factors related to systemic management of diabetes in the RIDE and RISE studies.
Mechanisms for room temperature direct wafer bonding (2013)

Reducing the temperature needed for high strength bonding which was and is driven by the need to reduce effects of coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch, reduce thermal budgets, and increase throughput has led to the development of plasma treatment procedures capable of bonding Si wafers below 300 °C with a bond strength equivalent to Si bulk. Despite being widely used, the physical and chemical mechanisms enabling low temperature wafer bonding have remained poorly understood. We developed an understanding of the beneficial surface modifications by plasma and a model based on short range low temperature diffusion through bonding experiments combined with results from spectroscopic ellipsometry, depth resolving Auger electron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy measurements. We also present experimental results showing that even at room temperature reasonable bond strength can be achieved. We conclude that the gap closing mechanism is therefore a process which balances the lowering of the total energy by minimizing the sum of the free surface energy (maximizing the contact area between the surfaces) and strain energy in the oxide at the bond interface.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF THE REDUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE WITH AMMONIA OVER COPPER(II) ION‐EXCHANGED ZEOLITES (1977)

Abstract Die katalytische Aktivität der Cu(II)NaY‐Katalysatoren erreicht bei 120°C ein Maximum.
Reliable Actors with Retry Orchestration (2023)

Cloud developers have to build applications that are resilient to failures and interruptions. We advocate for a fault-tolerant programming model for the cloud based on actors, retry orchestration, and tail calls. This model builds upon persistent data stores and message queues readily available on the cloud. Retry orchestration not only guarantees that (1) failed actor invocations will be retried but also that (2) completed invocations are never repeated and (3) it preserves a strict happen-before relationship across failures within call stacks. Tail calls can break complex tasks into simple steps to minimize re-execution during recovery. We review key application patterns and failure scenarios. We formalize a process calculus to precisely capture the mechanisms of fault tolerance in this model. We briefly describe our implementation. Using an application inspired by a typical enterprise scenario, we validate the functional correctness of our implementation and assess the impact of fault preparedness and recovery on performance.
Time-resolved nanosecond fluorescence lifetime imaging and picosecond infrared spectroscopy of combretastatin A-4 in solution and in cellular systems (2012)

Social cues, such as eye gaze and pointing fingers, can increase the prioritisation of specific locations for cognitive processing. A previous study using a manual reaching task showed that, although both gaze and pointing cues altered target prioritisation (reaction times [RTs]), only pointing cues affected action execution (trajectory deviations). These differential effects of gaze and pointing cues on action execution could be because the gaze cue was conveyed through a disembodied head; hence, the model lacked the potential for a body part (i.e., hands) to interact with the target. In the present study, the image of a male gaze model, whose gaze direction coincided with two potential target locations, was centrally presented. The model either had his arms and hands extended underneath the potential target locations, indicating the potential to act on the targets (Experiment 1), or had his arms crossed in front of his chest, indicating the absence of potential to act (Experiment 2). Participants reached to a target that followed a nonpredictive gaze cue at one of three stimulus onset asynchronies. RTs and reach trajectories of the movements to cued and uncued targets were analysed. RTs showed a facilitation effect for both experiments, whereas trajectory analysis revealed facilitatory and inhibitory effects, but only in Experiment 1 when the model could potentially act on the targets. The results of this study suggested that when the gaze model had the potential to interact with the cued target location, the model's gaze affected not only target prioritisation but also movement execution.
Physicochemical characterization of psychosine by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron microscopy (1997)

Krabbe's disease is an autosomal recessive disease that affects the lysosomal enzyme galactosylceramidase. The storage of one of its substrates, psychosine (beta-galactosyl-sphingosine), is thought to be responsible for the induction of pathological changes. Psychosine has a free amine group which is necessary for the mediation of its toxic effects. In the present study, the physicochemical properties of psychosine were investigated. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detected pH titration was used to determine that the amine group had a pKa of 7.18 +/- 0.05. Pulsed-field gradient NMR spectroscopy was used to determine that the diffusion coefficient of 2.8 mM psychosine in D2O at pD 4.46 or 7.04 is 1.16 +/- 0.02 x 10(-10) m2/s or 0.77 +/- 0.02 x 10(-10) m2/s, respectively. Negative staining electron microscopy (EM) studies of acidic and neutral solutions of psychosine also were performed. At pH 4.5, spherical structures were formed, which were relatively stable between 3, 120, and 216 h following preparation; the diameter ranged from approximately 14 nm at the earliest time point to approximately 18 nm at the last time point. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was 1.26 mM at pH 4.0. At pH 7.1, the structures changed from spherical structures with a diameter of 15-23 nm, at the earliest time point, to a heterogeneous population of structures ranging from spherical structures, with a diameter of only a few nm, to irregularly shaped oblong structures that had one or more dimensions exceeding 100 nm. The NMR and EM data indicate that the deprotonation of the amine group causes psychosine to form aggregates that are unstable, which prevents a determination of the CMC at a neutral pH. These data indicate that molecular interactions of psychosine at the acidic pH of the lysosome, where it is normally digested, are more orderly than those at the pH of the cytoplasm or extracellular space where psychosine goes during disease.
Prognostic Utility of the Cell Cycle Progression Score Generated from Biopsy in Men Treated with Prostatectomy (2014)

The cell cycle progression score derived from a biopsy sample was associated with adverse outcomes after surgery. These results indicate that the score can be used at disease diagnosis to better define patient prognosis and enable more appropriate clinical care.
Thermal conductivity of silicon using reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (2018)

Simulations are performed using the reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (rNEMD) method and the Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential to determine the input parameters for achieving ±1% convergence of the calculated thermal conductivity of silicon. These parameters are then used to investigate the effects of the interatomic potentials of SW, Tersoff II, Environment Dependent Interatomic Potential (EDIP), Second Nearest Neighbor, Modified Embedded-Atom Method (MEAM), and Highly Optimized Empirical Potential MEAM on determining the bulk thermal conductivity as a function of temperature (400–1000 K). At temperatures &amp;gt; 400 K, data collection and swap periods of 15 ns and 150 fs, system size ≥6 × 6 UC2 and system lengths ≥192 UC are adequate for ±1% convergence with all potentials, regardless of the time step size (0.1–0.5 fs). This is also true at 400 K, except for the SW potential, which requires a data collection period ≥30 ns. The calculated bulk thermal conductivities using the rNEMD method and the EDIP potential are close to, but lower than experimental values. The 10% difference at 400 K increases gradually to 20% at 1000 K.
A high-average-power FEL for industrial applications (2002)

CEBAF has developed a comprehensive conceptual design of an industrial user facility based on a kilowatt UV (150-1000 nm) and IR (2-25 micron) FEL driven by a recirculating, energy-recovering 200 MeV superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) accelerator. FEL users-CEBAF's partners in the Laser Processing Consortium, including AT&T, DuPont, IBM, Northrop-Grumman, 3M, and Xerox-plan to develop applications such as polymer surface processing, metals and ceramics micromachining, and metal surface processing, with the overall effort leading to later scale-up to industrial systems at 50-100 kW. Representative applications are described. The proposed high-average-power FEL overcomes limitations of conventional laser sources in available power, cost-effectiveness, tunability and pulse structure.
Scattering loss for discrimination against high-order modes in high power single lateral mode lasers (2004)

We demonstrate a new concept for stabilizing the lateral mode in narrow stripe diode lasers that enables the laser to be driven to twice the current density of conventional lasers of similar design without beam instability.
Thermophoretic and evaporational losses of ultrafine particles in heated flow (1993)

Abstract The transport, wall deposition and evaporation of nanometer‐sized aerosol particles are studied using a nonisothermal laminar flow in a pipe. The test aerosol particles, monodisperse Ag and NaCl particles of 7–40 nm dia., are introduced into a vertical circular pipe with wall temperature distribution in the axial direction. The measured particle loss during transport through the pipe increased with the wall temperature difference. The enhancement of particle loss due to diffusive and thermophoretic deposition is examined by the gas flow, temperature, and particle concentration distribution equations. Predicted particle losses agreed with the experimental results when the local variation of gas properties, particle Brownian diffusion, and thermophoretic migration are considered. Sudden increases in the particle loss due to particle evaporation were also observed at very high temperatures (about 700°C for Ag particles and 400°C for NaCl particles). The measured reductions of particle diameter due to evaporation showed good agreement with calculation based on aerosol evaporation theory for free‐molecule regime.
Heck Reactions with Very Low Ligandless Catalyst Loads Accelerated by Microwaves or Simultaneous Microwaves/Ultrasound Irradiation (2007)

Abstract Heck couplings were carried out ligandless in air with very low catalyst loads under microwave or simultaneous microwave/ultrasound irradiation. Using ligand‐free palladium(II) acetate [Pd(OAc) 2 ] in the range of 0.01–0.1 mol % or palladium‐on‐carbon (Pd/C) 10 % in the range of 1.0–2.0 mol %, most aryl iodides and bromides gave high yields under conventional heating (120 °C) in 18 h. Microwave irradiation alone or, better still, combined with high‐intensity ultrasound, strongly promotes the reaction, generally decreasing reaction times to 1 h. Electron‐poor aryl chlorides such as 4‐chloroacetophenone and 1‐chloro‐4‐nitrobenzene reacted with styrene to afford high product yields in the presence of 0.25 mol % Pd(OAc) 2 or 2.0–3.0 mol % Pd/C. In several cases the addition of a co‐catalyst, either rhodium tris(triphenylphosphine) chloride, 0.005 mol %, or a copper(I) salt (iodide or bromide), 2.0–4.0 mol %, proved very advantageous. 4‐Bromo‐ and 4‐chloroacetophenone afforded up to 15 % of oxidation products, namely the corresponding 4‐halobenzoic acid and 4‐styrylbenzoic acid, a drawback that was avoided by working under a nitrogen atmosphere.
A selective inhibitor of the sperm-specific potassium channel SLO3 impairs human sperm function (2023)

To fertilize an oocyte, the membrane potential of both mouse and human sperm must hyperpolarize (become more negative inside). Determining the molecular mechanisms underlying this hyperpolarization is vital for developing new contraceptive methods and detecting causes of idiopathic male infertility. In mouse sperm, hyperpolarization is caused by activation of the sperm-specific potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) channel SLO3 [C. M. Santi <i>et al.</i>, <i>FEBS Lett.</i> <b>584</b>, 1041-1046 (2010)]. In human sperm, it has long been unclear whether hyperpolarization depends on SLO3 or the ubiquitous K<sup>+</sup> channel SLO1 [N. Mannowetz, N. M. Naidoo, S. A. S. Choo, J. F. Smith, P. V. Lishko, <i>Elife</i> <b>2</b>, e01009 (2013), C. Brenker <i>et al.</i>, <i>Elife</i> <b>3</b>, e01438 (2014), and S. A. Mansell, S. J. Publicover, C. L. R. Barratt, S. M. Wilson, <i>Mol. Hum. Reprod.</i> <b>20</b>, 392-408 (2014)]. In this work, we identified the first selective inhibitor for human SLO3-VU0546110-and showed that it completely blocked heterologous SLO3 currents and endogenous K<sup>+</sup> currents in human sperm. This compound also prevented sperm from hyperpolarizing and undergoing hyperactivated motility and induced acrosome reaction, which are necessary to fertilize an egg. We conclude that SLO3 is the sole K<sup>+</sup> channel responsible for hyperpolarization and significantly contributes to the fertilizing ability of human sperm. Moreover, SLO3 is a good candidate for contraceptive development, and mutation of this gene is a possible cause of idiopathic male infertility.
Cellular micropatterns with built-in biosensors for detection of extracellular metabolites (2008)

We developed a strategy for integrating cells and biosensors based on nonfouling poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel microstructures serving a dual role of cell culture chambers and matrices for encapsulation of sensing elements. We demonstrated incorporation of biosensors into micropatterned mono and co-cultures, and sucessfully detected release of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by macrophages. This strategy for integrating cells and miniature sensing elements may be used in the future for detection of multiple metabolites from a small group of cells.