gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new model of security for distributed systems (1996)

With the rapid growth of the information age, open distributed systems have become increasingly popular. The need for protection and security in a distributed environment has never been greater. The conventional approach to security has been to enforce a system-wide policy, but this approach will not work for large distributed systems where entirely new security issues and concerns are emerging. We argue that a new model is needed that shifts the emphasis from "system as enforcer" to user-definable policies. Users ought to be able to select the level of security they need and pay only the necessary overhead. Moreover. ultimately, they must be responsible for their own security. This research is being carried out in the context of the Legion project.
Interim PET-guided treatment for early-stage NLPHL: a subgroup analysis of the randomized GHSG HD16 and HD17 studies (2023)

The optimal first-line treatment for nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) diagnosed in early stages is largely undefined. We, therefore, analyzed 100 NLPHL patients treated in the randomized HD16 (early-stage favorable; n = 85) and HD17 (early-stage unfavorable; n = 15) studies. These studies investigated the omission of consolidation radiotherapy (RT) in patients with a negative interim positron emission tomography (iPET) (ie, Deauville score <3) after chemotherapy (HD16: 2× doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine [ABVD]; HD17: 2× escalated bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone [BEACOPP] plus 2× ABVD). Patients with NLPHL treated in the HD16 and HD17 studies had 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 90.3% and 92.9%, respectively. Thus, the 5-year PFS did not differ significantly from that of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated within the same studies (HD16: P = .88; HD17: P = .50). Patients with early-stage favorable NLPHL who had a negative iPET after 2× ABVD and did not undergo consolidation RT tended to have a worse 5-year PFS than patients with a negative iPET who received consolidation RT (83% vs 100%; P = .05). There were 10 cases of NLPHL recurrence. However, no NLPHL patient died during follow-up. Hence, the 5-year overall survival rate was 100%. Taken together, contemporary Hodgkin lymphoma-directed treatment approaches result in excellent outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed early-stage NLPHL and, thus, represent valid treatment options. In early-stage favorable NLPHL, consolidation RT appears necessary after 2× ABVD to achieve the optimal disease control irrespective of the iPET result.
Sorting nexin 16 regulates EGF receptor trafficking by phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate interaction with the Phox domain (2004)

Sorting nexins (SNXs) containing the Phox (PX) domain are implicated in the regulation of membrane trafficking and sorting processes of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study, we investigated whether SNX16 regulates EGF-induced cell signaling by regulating EGFR trafficking. SNX16 is localized in early and recycling endosomes via its PX domain. Mutation of the PX domain disrupted the association between SNX16 and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P]. Treatment with wortmannin, a PtdIns 3-kinase inhibitor, abolished the endosomal localization of SNX16, suggesting that the intracellular localization of SNX16 is regulated by PtdIns 3-kinase activity. SNX16 was found to associate with EGFR after stimulation with EGF in COS-7 cells. Moreover, overexpression of SNX16 increased the rate of EGF-induced EGFR degradation and inhibited the EGF-induced up-regulation of ERK and serum response element (SRE). In addition, mutation in the PX domain significantly blocked the inhibitory effect of SNX16 on EGF-induced activation of ERK and SRE. From these results, we suggest that SNX16 directs the sorting of EGFR to the endosomal compartment and thus regulates EGF-induced cell signaling.
Case study on partnering to revitalize development, delivery, and evaluation of education programs in optics and photonics for industry (1997)

For the past three years, the National Alliance for Photonics Education in Manufacturing (NAPEM) has 'partnered' with industry to develop, deliver and evaluate continuing education programs on optics and photonics applied to manufacturing processes. NAPEM is an alliance of CREOL/University of Central Florida, the Industrial Technology Institute, the University of Connecticut, The University of Texas at Austin, and SPIE -- The International Society for Optical Engineering. NAPEM formed in 1994 as the result of partial funding through a U. S. Technology/Reinvestment Project/Manufacturing Education and Training grant monitored by the National Science Foundation. NAPEM targeted four applications of optics in manufacturing processes. Each of these manufacturing process corresponds to a geographical region in the United States: semiconductor manufacturing in the Southwest, durable goods manufacturing in the Midwest, laser materials processing in the North East, and optics manufacturing in the South East. Course programs were typically modular, offered in half- to full-day formats. This paper focuses on lessons learned by Alliance members in the process of fulfilling NAPEM's mission. Specifically this paper addresses: (1) Challenges and benefits of university and professional association partnerships on program development, promotion and evaluation; (2) challenges and benefits of partnering with industry on program development, evaluation and continuation; (3) the importance of developing 'learning partnerships' with human resources, engineering and technical managers from industry; (4) matching delivery mechanisms to industries' educational 'habits;' (5) challenges and solutions for addressing different industries' readiness to utilize high-technology.
Pharmacokinetics of Human Recombinant Anti-Botulinum Toxin Antibodies in Rats (2019)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are potential biothreat agents due to their high lethality, potency, and ease of distribution, thus the development of antitoxins is a high priority to the US government. This study examined pre-clinical pharmacokinetic studies in rats of four oligoclonal anti-BoNT mAb-based therapeutics (NTM-1631, NTM-1632, NTM-1633, NTM-1634) for five BoNT serotypes (A, B, E, C, and D). NTM-1631, NTM-1632, and NTM-1633 each consist of three IgG1 mAbs, each with a distinct human or humanized variable region which bind to distinct epitopes on BoNT serotype A, B, or E respectively. NTM-1634 consists of four human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) mAbs binding BoNT C/D mosaic toxins. The mechanism of these antitoxins requires that three antibodies simultaneously bind toxin to achieve rapid clearance. Rats (total 378) displayed no adverse clinical signs attributed to antibody treatment from any of the antitoxins. Pharmacokinetic evaluation demonstrated that the individual mAbs are slowly eliminated, exhibiting dose-dependent exposure and long elimination half-lives ranging from 6.5 days to 10 days. There were no consistent differences observed between males and females or among the individual antibodies in each formulation in half-life. Anti-drug antibodies (ADA) were observed, as expected for human antibodies administered to rats. The results presented were used to support the clinical investigation of antibody-based botulism antitoxins.
Optimizing operating conditions to reduce data pattern dependence induced by slow light elements (2006)

We analyze pattern dependence induced by slow light and define figure of merit involving pulse delay and data degradation to optimize slow-light elements. The pattern dependence can be reduced, with up to 5 dB Q improvement, by detuning slow-light devices
ChemInform Abstract: RELATIONSHIP OF THE ANIONIC BEHAVIOR OF UNSATURATED MEDIUM‐RING ALCOHOLS TO STRUCTURE. GENERATION AND ANTARAFACIAL CYCLIZATION OF COILED 8Π‐ELECTRON CARBANIONS (1982)

Abstract Die thermische, sigmatrope [l,5 ]H‐Verschiebung, die zur Entstehung der Enone (II) aus den Dienolen (I) führt, wobei (IIa) vom Isomer (III) begleitet wird, erfährt unter anionischen Bedingungen eine Beschleunigung um das 105 ‐106‐fache, wobei ein Zusatz von Kronenether die Beschleunigung noch weiter erhöht (um das 9‐fache; Aktivierungsenergien und ‐entropien 24.6‐29.0 bzw. 13.8‐15.6 kcal/mol sowie ‐l 1.4 bis ‐13.3 bzw. ‐20 bis ‐30.3 eu).
Planning and resource allocation for hard real-time, fault-tolerant plan execution (1999)

We describe the interface between a real-time resource allocation system with an AI planner in order to create fault-tolerant plans that are guaranteed to execute in hard real-time. The planner specifies the task set and sll execution deadlines required to ensure system safety, then the resource allocator schedules these plans off-line to analyze execution platform resource utilization. A new interface module combines information from planning and resource allocation to enforce development of plans feasible for execution during a variety of internal system faults. Plans that over-utilize any system resource trigger feedback to the planner, which then searches for an alternate plan. A valid plan for each specified fault, including the nominal no-fault situation, is stored in a plan cache for subsequent real-time execution. We situate this work in the context of CIRCA, the Cooperative Intelligent Real-time Control Architecture, which focuses on developing and scheduling plans that make hard real-time safety guarantees, and provide an example of an autonomous aircraft agent to illustrate how our planner-resource allocation interface improves CIRCA performance.
In Situ Detection and Identification of Hair Dyes Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) (2015)

Hair is one of the most common types of physical evidence found at a crime scene. Forensic examination may suggest a connection between a suspect and a crime scene or victim, or it may demonstrate an absence of such associations. Therefore, forensic analysis of hair evidence is invaluable to criminal investigations. Current hair forensic examinations are primarily based on a subjective microscopic comparison of hair found at the crime scene with a sample of suspect's hair. Since this is often inconclusive, the development of alternative and more-accurate hair analysis techniques is critical. In this study, we utilized surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to demonstrate that artificial dyes can be directly detected on hair. This spectroscopic technique is capable of a confirmatory identification of analytes with single molecule resolution, requires minimal sample, and has the advantage of fluorescence quenching. Our study reveals that SERS can (1) identify whether hair was artificially dyed or not, (2) determine if a permanent or semipermanent colorants were used, and (3) distinguish the commercial brands that are utilized to dye hair. Such analysis is rapid, minimally destructive, and can be performed directly at the crime scene. This study provides a novel perspective of forensic investigations of hair evidence.
A Six-Port 57GB/s Double-Pumped Nonblocking Router Core (2005)

A six-port four-lane 57GB/s router core features double-pumped crossbar channels and destination-aware channel drivers that dynamically configure based on the current flit destination. This enables 45% reduction in channel area, 23% overall chip area, and up to 3.8/spl times/ reduction in peak channel power, depending on router traffic patterns. In a 150nm six-metal process, the 12.2mm/sup 2/ core contains 1.9 million transistors and operates at 1GHz at 1.2 V.
The pathophysiology of thermoablation: optimizing cryoablation (2009)

Thermal therapeutic options, especially cryoablation, are of growing interest for the treatment of prostatic and renal cancers. The methods of application of cryoablative therapy and the mechanisms of cell death that are attendant to the freezing-thaw encounter are clearly understood. Research focused on the development of freeze sensitizing agents that work adjunctively is of central interest in furthering the efficacy of this therapy.
Modeling of PWM converters in discontinuous conduction mode. A reexamination (2002)

Six existing methods for modeling PWM converters in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) are reviewed. They are classified as either reduced-order or full-order model methods, and the methods in each group are shown to produce exactly the same averaged models. Using the concept of duty-ratio constraints, a new method is presented that leads to either the conventional reduced-order model or a new full-order model, depending on how the duty-ratio constraint is derived. With a boost converter as an example, the new full-order averaged model is shown to be more accurate than previously published models.
Genetic Modification of Hearing in Tubby Mice: Evidence for the Existence of a Major Gene (moth1) Which Protects Tubby Mice from Hearing Loss (1999)

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of genetic crosses has proven to be a useful tool for identifying loci associated with specific phenotypes and for dissecting genetic components of complex traits. Inclusion of a mutation that interacts epistatically with QTLs in genetic crosses is a unique and potentially powerful method of revealing the function of novel genes and pathways. Although we know that a mutation within the novel tub gene leads to obesity and cochlear and retinal degeneration, the biological function of the gene and the mechanism by which it induces its phenotypes are not known. In the current study, a QTL analysis for auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, which indicates hearing ability, was performed in tubby mice from F(2)intercrosses between C57BL/6J- tub / tub and AKR/J-+/+ F(1)hybrids (AKR intercross) and between C57BL/6J- tub / tub and CAST/Ei.B6- tub / tub F(1)hybrids (CAST intercross). A major QTL, designated asmodifieroftubbyhearing1 ( moth1 ), was identified on chromosome 2 with a LOD score of 33.4 ( P < 10(-33)) in the AKR intercross (181 mice) and of 6.0 ( P < 10(-6)) in the CAST intercross (46 mice). This QTL is responsible for 57 and 43% of ABR threshold variance, respectively, in each strain combination. In addition, a C57BL/6J congenic line carrying a 129/Ola segment encompassing the described QTL region when made homozygous for tubby also exhibits normal hearing ability. We hypothesize that C57BL/6J carries a recessive mutation of the moth1 gene which interacts with the tub mutation to cause hearing loss in tub / tub mice. A moth1 allele from either AKR/J, CAST/Ei or 129/Ola is sufficient to protect C57BL/6J- tub / tub mice from hearing loss.
Identification of distinct predominant epitopes recognized by myoglobin-specific T cells under the control of different Ir genes and characterization of representative T cell clones. (1984)

We characterized the fine specificity of antigen recognition of myoglobin-immune T cells from B10.D2, B10.GD, and B10.A(5R) mice. Polyclonal H-2d T cells show a predominant response to an epitope centering on Glu 109 and His 116. These residues localize a dominant epitope to one segment of the myoglobin surface, but probably are not the only amino acid residues involved. This response pattern maps genetically to I-Ad (or Kd) based on the B10.GD recombinant strain. A different epitope specificity was detected in B10.A(5R) T cells mapping to I-E beta b E alpha k or I-Cd, but no difference was detected between strains differing at the Igh locus. Thus, epitope specificity varied with Ia haplotype but not Igh allotype. Myoglobin-specific B10.D2 T cell lines were established, and five clones specific for the Glu 109, His 116 epitope were isolated; these were all restricted to I-Ad antigen-presenting cells. These clones represent the dominant specificity in the polyclonal T cell response to myoglobin and will be useful in characterizing the structure and function of T cell receptors for antigen and Ia. The differences in number and nature of T cell epitopes compared to B cell epitopes of myoglobin are discussed.
The effect of the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor lucerastat on cardiac repolarization: results from a thorough QT study in healthy subjects (2020)

Abstract Background Fabry disease is a rare inherited glycosphingolipid storage disorder caused by deleterious mutations in the GLA gene coding for the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. The glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor lucerastat is an iminosugar with potential to provide oral substrate reduction therapy in Fabry disease, regardless of the patient´s underlying mutation. Since lucerastat exhibits systemic exposure and many patients with Fabry disease suffer from rhythm and conduction abnormalities its effects on cardiac repolarization were evaluated in a thorough QT study. Methods In Part A of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study, single oral doses of 2000 and 4000 mg lucerastat were investigated to determine the supratherapeutic dose for Part B. The latter was a four-way crossover study to demonstrate that lucerastat at single oral therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses had no effect on the QTc interval &gt; 10 ms using concentration-QTc modeling as primary analysis. The primary ECG endpoint was placebo-corrected change-from-baseline (ΔΔ) in Fridericia-corrected QTc (ΔΔQTcF). Open-label moxifloxacin served as positive control. Results The effect of lucerastat on ΔΔQTcF was predicted as 0.39 ms (90% confidence interval [CI] − 0.13 to 0.90) and 1.69 ms (90% CI 0.33–3.05) at lucerastat peak plasma concentration after dosing with 1000 mg (5.2 µg/mL) and 4000 mg (24.3 µg/mL), respectively. A QTcF effect &gt; 10 ms was excluded up to lucerastat plasma concentrations of approximately 34.0 µg/mL. Lucerastat did not exert an effect on other ECG parameters. Across doses, absorption of lucerastat was rapid, its elimination half-life ranged from 8.0 to 10.0 h, and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of lucerastat were dose-proportional. Moxifloxacin PK were in line with published data and assay sensitivity was demonstrated by the moxifloxacin QTc response. Lucerastat was safe and well tolerated. Conclusions Lucerastat up to a dose of 4000 mg has no clinically relevant liability to prolong the QT interval or any clinically relevant effect on other ECG parameters. This will be an important factor in the overall benefit-risk assessment of lucerastat in the potential treatment of Fabry disease. Trial registration The study was registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03832452 (February 6th, 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03832452 ) and the EudraCT number 2018-004546-42 (December 17th, 2018).
Ultra-thin gate oxide reliability in the ESD time domain (2006)

The universality of the power-law model for the time to breakdown of thin gate oxides is experimentally established from ldquoDCrdquo down to the ESD regime. This strong gate oxide breakdown voltage acceleration and the cumulative effect of dielectric degradation have severe impacts on the ESD protection development. The statistical aspects of the gate oxide breakdown, its area dependence and the characterization methodology have to be considered for the determination of the ESD design window.
Dynamically configurable shared CMP helper engines for improved performance (2005)

Technology scaling trends have forced designers to consider alternatives to deeply pipelining aggressive cores with large amounts of performance accelerating hardware. One alternative is a small, simple core that can be augmented with latency tolerant helper engines. As the demands placed on the processor core varies between applications, and even between phases of an application, the benefit seen from any set of helper engines will vary tremendously. If there is a single core, these auxiliary structures can be turned on and off dynamically to tune the energy/performance of the machine to the needs of the running application.As more of the processor is broken down into helper engines, and as we add more and more cores onto a single chip which can potentially share helpers, the decisions that are made about these structures become increasingly important. In this paper we describe the need for methods that effectively manage these helper engines. Our counter-based approach can dynamically turn off 3 helpers on average, while staying within 2% of the performance when running with all helpers. In a multicore environment, our intelligent and flexible sharing of helper engines, provides an average 24% speedup over static sharing in conjoined cores. Furthermore we show benefit from constructively sharing helper engines among multiple cores running the same application.
TU‐C‐12A‐10: BEST IN PHYSICS (IMAGING) – Correlating 4DCT‐Ventilation with Clinical Pulmonary Function Test Data (2014)

Purpose: 4DCT‐ventilation is an emerging form of lung function imaging calculated from 4DCT data. Because 4DCTs are acquired as part of routine care, the lung function information comes at no extra monetary or dosimetric cost to the patient. Studies are needed that compare 4DCT‐ventilation with clinical data. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) provide an established method of evaluating lung function. Our study performed a clinical validation by comparing 4DCT‐ventilation with PFT data. Methods: 63 patients with pre‐treatment PFTs and 4DCT data were used for the study. Standard PFT metrics used to diagnose tumor‐based obstructive lung disease were recorded for each patient, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the ratio between FEV1 and the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). A PFT value of 70% was used to delineate normal versus abnormal lung function for modeling. 4DCT data sets were input into a density‐change based model to compute 4DCT‐ventilation. The 4DCT‐ventilation maps were reduced to single metrics intended to reflect the degree of ventilation obstruction and heterogeneity. The coefficient of variation (CoV) defined as the ratio of standard deviation over mean ventilation and the ventilation‐V20 (volume of lung &lt;20% ventilation) were computed. Ventilation metrics were compared to PFT data using correlation coefficients and logistic regression modeling methods. Results: The 4DCT‐ventilation metrics correlated well with PFT data. Ventilation‐V20 had correlation values of 0.75 and 0.71 with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC respectively. A probit model as a function of the ventilationderived CoV was fit and able to significantly (p&lt;0.01) predict for normal versus abnormal PFT‐based lung function. Conclusions: The current study validates 4DCT‐ventilation with a clinically established end‐point. Our data demonstrate good agreement between PFTs and ventilation data, indicating that 4DCT‐ventilation can reliably demonstrate oncologic‐based obstructive lung disease. We present important results that support integration of 4DCT‐based pre‐treatment lung function assessment into clinical practice. This work was partially supported by the NIH Director's new Innovator award (TG, EC, RC) and NIH research scientist development award (RC)
Inside Back Cover: SO2 Capture Using Porous Organic Cages (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 32/2021) (2021)

A functionalized porous organic cage (POC) demonstrating high SO2 capture capability and reversibility is reported by Andrew I. Cooper, Ilich A. Ibarra, Ming Liu, and co-workers in their Research Article on page 17556. The main source of SO2 emissions is the burning of fossil fuels, and alkaline scrubber-based technologies are the main desulphurization methods in industry, which often cause corrosion of pipes and generate huge amounts of wastewater. With good processibility and proven scalability, POC materials offer a more sustainable option for SO2 capture.