gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Properties of All Four Polymorphs of Nanostructured Iron Oxyhydroxides (2016)

Abstract Four different polymorphs of nanostructured iron oxyhydroxides, namely; goethite (α‐FeOOH), akaganeite (β‐FeOOH), lepidocrocite (γ‐FeOOH), and feroxyhyte (δ‐FeOOH) were synthesized and fully characterized by X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, UV/Visible spectrophotometry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements, and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The relationship between these iron oxyhydroxide polymorphs and their photocatalytic properties was explored by examining the extent of methylene blue (MB) degradation by each polymorph under visible‐light irradiation. Feroxyhyte exhibited the best photocatalytic properties and degraded 85 % of the MB dye in five hours. In comparison, goethite, akaganeite, and lepidocrocite degraded only 40 %, 35 %, and 30 % of the MB in five hours, respectively. To understand this trend, the surface area, particle size and shape, and electronic band properties were systematically studied and discussed. It was found that the rate of MB degradation relates mainly to the surface area of the FeOOH polymorphs more than any other factor. This is the first report of a comparative study of the physical, electronic, and photocatalytic properties of all four polymorphs of nanostructured iron oxyhydroxides.
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Molecule Spotlight on Fanapt (2010)

The new mixed dopamaine D(2)/serotonin 5-HT(2A) antagonist, Fanapt (iloperidone), was approved by the FDA on May 6th, 2009 for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults.
Spatially incoherent single channel digital Fourier holography (2012)

We present a new method for recording digital Fourier holograms under incoherent illumination. A single exposure recorded by a digital camera is sufficient to record a real-valued hologram that encodes the complete three-dimensional properties of an object.
SmartObjects (2017)

The increasing number of smart objects in our everyday life radically changes how we interact with everyday objects. In this workshop, we discuss how the interaction with these smart objects should be designed from various perspectives.
Structure and Synthesis of Dopastin, an Inhibitor of Dopamineβ-Hydroxylase (1974)

Dopastin, an inhibitor of dopamine β-hydroxylase of microbial origin, was shown to be N-[2(S)-nitrosohydroxylamino-3-methylbutyl] crotonamide based on chemical, spectroscopic and synthetic studies. The total synthesis of dopastin was completed in 8 steps starting from l-valinol. N-Nitrosohydroxylamino function was introduced through an oxaziran with retention of the absolute configuration in the final product. Thus, the 2S-configuration of dopastin was proved by the total synthesis. Racemic dopastin was also synthesized from isobutyraldehyde in 7 steps.
Color Blob Segmentation by MSER Analysis (2006)

This paper presents an efficient color blob segmentation concept, which combines an ordering relationship based on analyzing Bhattacharyya distances with a modified version of the maximally stable extremal region (MSER) detector. After definition of the region-of-interest by a one-time user input, connected regions are detected within the input image with low computational effort. Single image and video sequence analysis results are presented, which prove the applicability of the concept. Additionally, the possible extension to 3D segmentation is shown by an application that analyzes the 3D microstructure of a sheet of paper.
Clinically Relevant Basics of Pacing and Defibrillation (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Anatomy and physiology of the cardiac conduction system Electrophysiology of myocardial stimulation Pacing basics Lead design Pulse generators Pacemaker nomenclature Defibrillation basics Measuring the efficacy of defibrillation The importance of waveform Use of waveform theory in clinical practice Drugs and defibrillators References
Improving the dynamics of a synchronous generator by nonlinear stabilizers: a virtual reference direct design approach (2002)

This paper deals with the control of a synchronous generator. In spite of the system nonlinearity, the standard control scheme is constituted by time-invariant linear regulators, which do not provide a uniform behaviour over the entire working range. In order to improve its performances, we propose to add an additional feedback loop, constituted by a nonlinear controller, while keeping unchanged the existing set of linear controllers. An innovative technique is used to design the nonlinear controller, based on the identification of a model parametrized in the controller parameters.
Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the regulation of VCAM-1 expression in gut inflammation (1999)

The objectives of this study were to assess the role of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression in vivo in an acute model of inflammation induced in iNOS-deficient (iNOS-/-) mice and compare these data to those obtained by pharmacological inhibition of iNOS in a CD4+ T lymphocyte-dependent model of chronic colitis. VCAM-1 expression was quantified in vivo using the dual radiolabel monoclonal antibody technique. We found that intraperitoneal injection of 10 microg/kg tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enhanced VCAM-1 expression by approximately twofold in the colon, cecum, and stomach but not small intestine in iNOS-/- mice compared with TNF-alpha-injected wild-type mice. Injection of wild-type mice with 25 microg/kg TNF-alpha further enhanced VCAM-1 expression by approximately twofold compared with wild-type mice injected with 10 microg/kg TNF-alpha; however, VCAM-1 expression was not further enhanced in any gastrointestinal organ system in iNOS-/- mice. In a second series of experiments, we found that continuous inhibition of iNOS using oral administration of NG-iminoethyl-L-lysine did not alter the enhanced levels of VCAM-1 expression in the colon nor did it alter the severity of colonic inflammation in SCID mice reconstituted with CD4+, CD45RB(high) T cells. We conclude that iNOS may regulate VCAM-1 expression in acute inflammation; however, this effect is modest and tissue specific and occurs only when VCAM-1 expression is submaximal. iNOS does not appear to modulate VCAM-1 expression in an immune model of chronic colitis.
Reduced phagocytosis promoting activity of saliva from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (1986)

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have an increased susceptibility to oral and other infections. In a previous study we have shown that normal human saliva contains phagocytosis promoting factor(s). Saliva from healthy subjects enhanced in vitro phagocytosis of latex particles by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and monocytes. Therefore, it was of interest to examine the phagocytosis promoting activity of saliva from patients with CLL. Homologous PMNL and monocytes from healthy subjects supplemented by saliva from patients with CLL demonstrated in vitro a decreased phagocytosis of latex particles, in comparison with cells supplemented by saliva from healthy subjects. This observation suggests that saliva from CLL patients has a reduced phagocytosis promoting ability. This finding may contribute to a further clarification of the increased susceptibility of CLL patients to oral infections.
New Mesotextured Hybrid Materials Made from Assemblies of Dendrimers and Titanium(IV)-Oxo-Organo Clusters (2000)

“Dry” synthesis conditions leading to the controlled formation of a hybrid interface are used in preparing tailored mesotextured hybrid materials comprising covalently bonded dendrimers (see picture) and [Ti16O16(OEt)32] clusters. Thus, the formation of a continuous inorganic phase is hindered. The shape of the organic blocks dictates a local symmetry, which is repeated to form a longer range ordered texture. The versatility of the dendrimer tips permits the formation of these tailored phases. R=CH2OH, CH2CH=CHCOOH.
Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration (1993)

New chemical amplification resist systems based on acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are described. Intramolecular dehydration of poly[4-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)styrene] results in the change of the polarity from a polar to a nonpolar state, allowing swelling-free negative imaging with alcohol as a developer. The pendant α-methylstyrenic moieties generated by dehydration further undergo dimerization, resulting in concomitant crosslinking, which disallows positive imaging. The tertiary-alcohol resist provides an extremely high sensitivity. Polystyrene with a pendant secondary alcohol group has been also prepared and evaluated as a resist material. Its unexpectedly high sensitivity is a result of crosslinking through ether linkage produced via intermolecular dehydration. The O-alkylation product is then converted to a linear dimer of styrene. Lithographic evaluations and mechanistic studies are presented.
Dialogue act recognition using maximum entropy (2008)

Abstract A dialogue‐based interface for information systems is considered a potentially very useful approach to information access. A key step in computer processing of natural‐language dialogues is dialogue‐act (DA) recognition. In this paper, we apply a feature‐based classification approach for DA recognition, by using the maximum entropy (ME) method to build a classifier for labeling utterances with DA tags. The ME method has the advantage that a large number of heterogeneous features can be flexibly combined in one classifier, which can facilitate feature selection. A unique characteristic of our approach is that it does not need to model the prior probability of DAs directly, and thus avoids the use of a discourse grammar. This simplifies the implementation of the classifier and improves the efficiency of DA recognition, without sacrificing the classification accuracy. We evaluate the classifier using a large data set based on the Switchboard corpus. Encouraging performance is observed; the highest classification accuracy achieved is 75.03%. We also propose a heuristic to address the problem of sparseness of the data set. This problem has resulted in poor classification accuracies of some DA types that have very low occurrence frequencies in the data set. Preliminary evaluation shows that the method is effective in improving the macroaverage classification accuracy of the ME classifier.
Treatment of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy with RT001: A di‐deuterated ethyl ester of linoleic acid: Report of two cases (2020)

Oral RT001 was administered safely in two subjects with INAD. Early findings suggest that the compound was well tolerated, metabolized and incorporated in the RBC membrane. A clinical trial is underway to assess efficacy.
QSGW: Quasiparticle Self consistent GW with ladder diagrams in W (2021)

We present an approach to calculate the electronic structure for a range of materials using the quasiparticle self-consistent GW method with vertex corrections included in the screened Coulomb interaction W. This is achieved by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the polarization matrix at all k-points in the Brillouin zone. We refer to this method as QSGW^. We show that including ladder diagrams in W can greatly reduce the band gap overestimation of RPA-based QSGW. The resultant discrepency of the calculated band gap in this method is then attributed mostly to the fact that electron-phonon contributions to W are neglected; which would allow one to then obtain an estimate for the size of this effect. We present results for a range of systems from simple sp semiconductors to the strongly correlated systems NiO and CoO. Results for systems where the RPA-based QSGW band gap is larger than expected are investigated, and an estimate for the Frolich contribution to the gap is included in a few polar compounds where QSGW can overestimate the gap by as much as 2 eV. The improvement over QSGW for the dielectric constants is also presented
Supplementary Methods from A New Triglycyl Peptide Linker for Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs) with Improved Targeted Killing of Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods (S1-S3). Supplementary Method S1: Synthesis of di-, tri-, tetra-glycyl, and valine-citrulline-glycine peptide linkers and catabolites. Supplementary Method S2: Test of in vitro cytotoxicity, cell-cycle inhibition, and bystander cytotoxic activity of ADCs. Supplementary Method S3: Catabolism of [3H]-labeled and non-radiolabeled CX and SMCC ADCs by cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Dexamethasone potentiates IGF-I actions in porcine granulosa cells (1994)

To understand better interactions between glucocorticoids and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the ovary, we studied the effects of dexamethasone on IGF-I stimulation of P-450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P-450scc) mRNA concentrations in porcine granulosa cells. Dexamethasone potentiated IGF-I-stimulated P-450scc mRNA concentrations and progesterone production in granulosa cell cultures. Time-course and dose-response studies showed that maximal enhancement occurred at a 1-microM dexamethasone concentration after 48 h of treatment. This potentiation was prevented by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-38486, 17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-[-4-dimethyl-aminophenyl]estra-4,9,-dien-3-one (RU-486). We investigated mechanisms for this potentiation by performing IGF-I binding studies in porcine granulosa cells. Dexamethasone increased IGF-I binding, and Scatchard analysis showed this enhanced binding was caused by an increase in receptor concentration. Northern blot hybridization using a rat type I IGF-I receptor gene riboprobe showed that although dexamethasone alone did not increase IGF-I receptor mRNA concentrations, it did prevent a decrease in receptor mRNA concentrations caused by IGF-I. In addition, we used synthetic primers from conserved regions of the rat type I IGF-I receptor gene with total RNA from porcine granulosa cells and polymerase chain reaction to isolate a 615-base pair porcine type I IGF-I receptor cDNA clone. Ribonuclease protection assay results were similar to those found with the rat IGF-I receptor riboprobe. We conclude that dexamethasone potentiates IGF-I actions on steroidogenesis in the porcine ovary.
Acute long term stimulation of the ventral periaqueductal grey (vPAG) evokes persistent hypotensive responses in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats (2010)

Deep brain stimulation of the ventral PAG has been used for the clinical treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. However, it also causes sustained reductions in arterial pressure (AP) in hypertensive patients. To better understand the latter, we have developed an animal model in the anaesthetised SH rat and applied long term electrical stimulation of the vPAG (30–60 min, 30Hz, 2V, 200–400μs pulse width) while measuring AP and heart rate (HR) responses. vPAG stimulation reduced AP by 14±1mmHg (basal: 139±10mmHg) in SH rats, which persisted throughout the stimulation period, whereas smaller depressor responses were evoked in Wistar rats (5±2mmHg; basal 101±9mmHg) that were poorly maintained. In the SH rat, HR decreased by 33±12bpm and was stimulus locked; a poorly maintained bradycardia of 15±3bpm was seen in Wistar rats. Our observations indicate that the vPAG of the SH rat is a more effective depressor site compared to Wistar rats, lending itself as a potential therapeutic target. Future studies will determine the mechanisms for the enhanced hypotensive effect of the vPAG in the SH versus Wistar rat.
A long-distance quantum repeater gets one step closer (2011)

Researchers demonstrate a robust, high-fidelity, broadband quantum memory that could be used to realize a long-distance quantum repeater for secure communication.
Regulation of Lipoprotein Lipase by Protein Kinase Cα in 3T3-F442A Adipocytes (2002)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an important enzyme in adipocyte and lipid metabolism with complex cellular regulation. Previous studies demonstrated an inhibition of LPL activity and synthesis following depletion of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms with long term treatment of 3T3-F442A adipocytes with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. To identify the specific PKC isoforms involved, we treated cells with antisense oligonucleotides that block expression of specific PKC isoforms. An antisense oligonucleotide to PKC alpha inhibited LPL activity by 78 +/- 8%, whereas antisense oligonucleotides directed against PKC delta or PKC epsilon had no effect on LPL activity. The change in LPL activity was maximal at 72 h and was accompanied by a decrease in LPL protein and LPL synthetic rate but no change in LPL mRNA, suggesting regulation at the level of translation. However, PKC depletion resulted in no change in the polysome profile, indicating that translation initiation was not affected. However, the addition of cytoplasmic extracts from adipocytes treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or PKC alpha antisense oligomers inhibited LPL translation in vitro. This inhibition of LPL translation in vitro was lost when the LPL mRNA transcript did not contain nucleotides 1599-3200, thus implicating the 3'-untranslated region of LPL in the regulation of translation by PKC depletion. Both LPL activity and Raf1 activity were decreased in parallel following depletion of either total PKC or specific inhibition of PKC alpha. An antisense oligonucleotide to RAF1, which inhibited RAF1 activity, also inhibited LPL activity by 48 +/- 10%, and this decrease in LPL activity was not accompanied by a change in LPL mRNA. Cells were treated with U0126, a specific inhibitor of the ERK-activating kinases MEK1 and MEK2. Although U0126 inhibited ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation, U0126 had no effect on LPL activity, indicating that MEK/ERK pathways were not involved in this mechanism of LPL regulation. Together, these data indicate that PKC alpha and RAF1 are important in the translational regulation of LPL in adipocytes and that the mechanism of regulation is probably through an ERK-independent pathway.
Model studies for coenzyme B12 dependent enzyme-catalyzed rearrangements. Evidence for cobalt(III)-olefin .pi. complexes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel studies for coenzyme B12 dependent enzyme-catalyzed rearrangements. Evidence for cobalt(III)-olefin .pi. complexesRichard B. Silverman and D. DolphinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 15, 4626–4633Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00431a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00431a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative Evaluation of d–π Interaction in Copper(i) Complexes and Control of Copper(i)–Dioxygen Reactivity (2003)

Crystal structures of the copper(I) complexes 1(X), 2, and 3 of a series of tridentate ligands L1(X), L2, and L3, respectively (L1(X): p-substituted derivatives of N,N-bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-2-phenylethylamine; X=H, Me, OMe, Cl, NO(2); L2: N,N-bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-2-methyl-2-phenylethylamine; L3: N,N-bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-2,2-diphenylethylamine) were solved to demonstrate that all the copper(I) complexes involve an eta(2) copper-arene interaction with the phenyl ring of the ligand sidearm. The Cu(I) ion in each complex has a distorted tetrahedral geometry consisting of the three nitrogen atoms (one tertiary amine nitrogen atom and two pyridine nitrogen atoms) and C(1)-C(2) of the phenyl ring of ligand sidearm, whereby the Cu-C distances of the copper-arene interaction significantly depend on the para substituents. The existence of the copper-arene interaction in a nonpolar organic solvent (CH(2)Cl(2)) was demonstrated by the observation of an intense MLCT band around 290 nm, and the magnitude of the interaction was evaluated by detailed analysis of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra and the redox potentials E(1/2) of the copper ion, as well as by means of the ligand-exchange reaction between the phenyl ring and CH(3)CN as an external ligand. The thermodynamic parameters DeltaH(o) and DeltaS(o) for the ligand-exchange reaction with CH(3)CN afforded a quantitative measure for the energy difference of the copper-arene interaction in the series of copper(I) complexes. Density functional studies indicated that the copper(I)-arene interaction mainly consists of the interaction between the d(z(2) ) orbital of Cu(I) and a pi orbital of the phenyl ring. The copper(I) complexes 1(X) reacted with O(2) at -80 degrees C in CH(2)Cl(2) to give the corresponding (micro-eta(2):eta(2)-peroxo)dicopper(II) complexes 4, the formation rates k(obs) of which were significantly retarded by stronger d-pi interaction, while complexes 2 and 3, which exhibit the strongest d-pi interaction showed significantly lower reactivity toward O(2) under the same experimental conditions. Thus, the d-pi interaction has been demonstrated for the first time to affect the copper(I)-dioxygen reactivity, and represents a new aspect of ligand effects in copper(I)-dioxygen chemistry.
Using Optical Methods to Distinguish Deep Brain Structures during Neurosurgery (2000)

A thin fiber optic probe is used to deliver and collect reflected light from in vivo brain tissues. Optical reflectance is used to identify deep brain gray and white matter structures during neurosurgery.
High performance directly modulated lasers: device physics (2003)

Directly modulated lasers (DMLs) have two high performance applications: 1310 nm 10 Gb/s uncooled and 1550 2.5 Gs/s extended reach. Two key elements are gain coupled gratings and buried heterostructures. Gain coupled gratings simultaneously increase the DML's intrinsic relaxation oscillation frequency and damping, while the buried heterostructure reduces thermal chirp and parasitic capacitance. Large relaxation oscillation frequencies and reduced parasitic capacitance allow 85°C operation; large damping and reduced thermal chirp enable extended reach.