gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Effective Molecular Diffusion Rates for Verteporfin in Subcutaneous Versus Orthotopic Dunning Prostate Tumors ¶ (2004)

ABSTRACT Photosensitizer biodistribution change inside tissue is one of the dominant factors in photodynamic therapy efficacy. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of a benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), delivered in verteporfin for injection formulation, have been quantified in the rat Dunning prostate tumor MAT‐LyLu model, using both subcutaneous and orthotopic sites. Blood plasma sampling indicated that BPD had a bi‐exponential metabolic lifetime in vivo , with the two lifetimes being 9.6 min and 8.3 h. The spatial distributions in the tumor were quantified as a function of distance from the perfused blood vessels, using fluorescence histologic images of the tumor. A fluorescent vascular marker was used to obtain locations and shapes of perfused capillaries at a wavelength of emission different from that of BPD and to allow colocalized images to be acquired of vessel and BPD locations. Using the BPD fluorescence images obtained 15 min after intravenous administration, a forward finite‐element solution to the diffusion equation was used to predict the drug distribution by matching the fluorescence intensity images observed microscopically. An inverse solver was used to minimize the root mean square error between the image of simulated diffusion and the experimental image, resulting in estimation of the diffusion coefficient of BPD in the tumor models. Effective diffusion coefficients were 0.88 and 1.59 μm 2 /s for the subcutaneous and orthotopically grown tumors, respectively, indicating that orthotopic tumors have significantly higher vascular extravasation rates as compared with subcutaneous tumors. This analysis supports the hypothesis that leakage rates of the photosensitizer vary considerably. Thus, although varying the time between injection and optical irradiation may be used to vary the targeting between vascular and less vascular areas, the precise time of treatment will depend on the nature of the permeability of the vasculature in the tissue being treated.
Rethinking cloud-hosted financial exchanges for response time fairness (2022)

In this paper, we consider the problem of supporting modern financial exchange services on the cloud premises. Important exchange services rely on predictable, equal latency from the servers to the participants for fair competition. Existing cloud networks, however, are unable to offer such property, as they were not originally designed for this purpose. We attempt to tackle the problem of unfairness that stems from the lack of determinism in cloud networks. We argue that predictable or bounded latency is not necessary to achieve fairness. Inspired by the use of logical clocks in distributed systems, we propose a new approach that instead corrects for differences in latency to the participants for fairness. We evaluate our approach in simulation and show that it is feasible to achieve fairness under highly variable network latency. Our approach is deployable in contemporary cloud environments; it avoids limitations of state-of-the-art and outperforms it.
Well Control Considerations – Offshore Applications of Underbalanced Drilling Technology (2003)

Abstract This paper focuses upon the well control aspects related to offshore applications of the tools and technology normally associated with underbalanced drilling systems (UBS). A discussion of the history of underbalanced drilling and the evolution of the specialized equipment required to practice the technology with a well established and commendable well control track record will help one recognize the potential benefits of offshore application. Whether onshore or offshore, a key component of UBS is a rotating diverter control head (RCH). As a key tool, the development of RCH's enabled the technology of onshore UBD and led the way towards encouraging the development of numerous other pieces of the UBS "tool chest". RCH's are fulfilling the same enabling role offshore, including leading the way towards numerous non-underbalanced drilling uses. Offshore applications of the tool include "onshore models" atop surface blowout prevention stacks (BOP's). Several "offshore variations" of the tool enable deepwater drilling (subsea BOP) with lightweight fluids, managed pressure drilling, dual gradient deepwater drilling, slim riser deepwater drilling with a surface BOP, and one subsea model facilitates controlling abnormally pressured aquifers and/or achieving zero discharge when riserless drilling top hole sections when establishing a subsea wellhead. Barriers to achieving a true state of underbalance during an offshore well's drilling program include wellbore instability, dealing with produced hydrocarbons, and in some cases, regulatory restrictions. Offshore applications were the intent in using UBS was to drill ahead under a true state of underbalance now total around 100 wells. All but one has been drilled from rigs a surface BOP's. In deeper waters from floating rigs with subsea BOP's, the trend to drill underbalanced is expected to be more aggressive in the future given the large percentage of all known deepwater resources being economically undrillable otherwise. In the nearer term, non-underbalanced drilling applications of the specialized equipment and technology associated with underbalanced drilling is much less of a step-change and avoids the aforementioned barriers to true underbalanced drilling offshore. Therefore this discussion places emphasis upon the non-underbalanced drilling applications of the specialized equipment associated with underbalanced drilling and illustrates the well control considerations. In the context of this paper, well control implications relate to the potential for surface events as well as underground blowouts.
Hydrogen-transfer reactions catalyzed by fullerenes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen-transfer reactions catalyzed by fullerenesRipudaman Malhotra, Donald F. McMillen, Doris S. Tse, Donald C. Lorents, Rodney S. Ruoff, and Donald M. KeeganCite this: Energy Fuels 1993, 7, 5, 685–686Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00041a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00041a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Velocity Estimation Accuracy in Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (1998)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. D. Kulkarni, T. G. Van Leeuwen, S. Yazdanfar, and J. A. Izatt, "Velocity Estimation Accuracy in Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography," in Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration, J. Fujimoto and M. Patterson, eds., Vol. 21 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 1998), paper AMB5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Cells of the Neuronal Lineage Play a Major Role in the Generation of Amyloid Precursor Fragments in Gelsolin-related Amyloidosis (1998)

Gelsolin-related amyloidosis or familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF) (OMIM No105120) is a hereditary amyloid disease caused by a mutation in a precursor protein for amyloid (gelsolin) and characterized by corneal dystrophy and polyneuropathy. In vitro expression of the FAF-mutant (Asp187 --> Asn/Tyr) secretory gelsolin in COS cells leads to generation of an aberrant polypeptide presumably representing the precursor for tissue amyloid. Here, we provide evidence that this abnormal processing results from defective initial folding of the secreted FAF gelsolin due to the lack of the Cys188-Cys201 disulfide bond, normally formed next to the FAF mutation site. We compared cells of different tissue origin and discovered a dramatic difference between the amount of cleavage of FAF gelsolin to the amyloid precursor in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. More than half of the mutant gelsolin was cleaved in PC12 and in vitro differentiated human neuronal progenitor cells. In contrast, human fibroblasts and Schwannoma cell cultures showed only a limited capacity to cleave FAF gelsolin, although the cleavage mechanism per se seems to be similar in the various cell types. The present findings of processing and distribution of secreted FAF gelsolin in the neuronal cells emphasize the role of neurons in the tissue pathogenesis of this amyloid polyneuropathy.
Differential modulation of protein kinase C isoforms in erythroleukemia during induced differentiation. (1993)

Induction of erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC) by exposure to hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) involves the modulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Using immuno- and Northern blot techniques, we have demonstrated that MELC express a pattern of PKC isoforms which includes PKC alpha, PKC delta, PKC epsilon, PKC zeta, and PKC eta. We show that MELC resistant to induction by HMBA express significantly less of the nPKC isoform, PKC delta, and slightly less PKC epsilon. Recovery of HMBA sensitivity is associated with reexpression of PKC delta protein. Upon exposure to HMBA, there is a fall in cytosolic PKC delta and PKC epsilon accompanied by a transient increase in membrane-associated forms of these PKC isoforms. HMBA-resistant MELC fail to display this isoform-specific translocation of PKC. Induction of differentiation is accompanied, over the next 24 h of exposure to HMBA, by a progressive fall in cellular PKC activity, associated with a progressive fall in the cellular content of PKC delta, PKC epsilon, and PKC zeta. These studies suggest that PKC delta, and possibly PKC epsilon and PKC zeta as well, play a role in the pathway of HMBA-mediated terminal cell differentiation of MELC.
Dihydrotestosterone is the active androgen in the maintenance of nitric oxide-mediated penile erection in the rat. (1995)

Androgens are essential for the expression of normal libido in the male, but their role in the maintenance of the erectile response in humans is controversial. It has been shown previously in the rat that castration induces 1) loss of penile reflexes; and 2) considerable reduction in the erectile response to electric field stimulation (EFS) of the cavernosal nerve. Both of these effects can be reversed by testosterone replacement. The current study was performed to determine whether these testosterone effects are mediated via its conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and to what extent the synthesis of the mediator of penile erection, nitric oxide, is affected by castration and androgen replacement. Five-month-old rats were either castrated or left intact. The orchiectomized rats were implanted with SILASTIC brand silicon tubing (Dow Corning) containing testosterone or DHT with or without daily injections of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride. After 7 days, rats were submitted to EFS and the intracavernosal pressure was recorded. Castration reduced the EFS-induced erectile response by 50% in comparison with intact rats and testosterone restored this decrease to normal. When finasteride was given to these testosterone-treated castrate rats, erectile response was not restored. DHT was as effective as testosterone in restoring response to EFS in castrates and this effect was not decreased by finasteride. Nitric oxide synthase activity in the penile cytosol was measured by the arginine-citrulline conversion and was found to correlate with the EFS determinations. These results show that DHT is the active androgen in the prevention of erectile failure seen in castrated rats, and suggest that this effect may be mediated, at least partially, by changes in nitric oxide synthase levels in the penis.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Possible Interactions of Biocells with the Surfaces of Select Silicates (1996)

Silicate minerals are the dominant materials in the Earth's crust, and thus literally define the term "geochemistry’, but, with the exception of glass chemistry and some areas of catalysis, silicates have, in the past, received scant attention in many areas of chemistry, physics and materials science. In fact, many chemists are largely uninformed about the broad diversity of silicate structures and bondings. Recent explorations by biochemists in the pathogenesis of certain diseases have, however, resulted in a new-found, much broader interest in silicates. This paper extends our studies of the chemistry of mineral silicates using primarily x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA). Following a short consideration of the sometimes contradictory arguments concerning the possible pathogenicity of these materials, we will outline our rapidly expanding unique studies of the interaction of certain biocellular bodies with select silicate systems. The latter studies feature the first "before, during and after’ analyses of the silicates (as well as the cells), with the implementation of unique methods for cell–silicate separation and also the freeze drying and surface analysis of the combined systems. In this manner we have been able to identify cell-induced modifications in the surface chemistry of the silicate components, along with alterations in the cellular species. Many of these analyses were facilitated by the recent clarifications in bioorganic ESCA.
Fabrication of LiYO2 Galvanic Cells to Determine the Thermodynamic Properties of Lithium Alloys (2000)

LiYO2 is a lithium ion conductor stable to pure lithium metal. The goal of the present work was to design and construct an electrochemical cell and demonstrate the use of LiYO2 as an electrolyte since this has never been previously done. The electrolyte was fabricated by slip casting in powder molds. A Y2O3-MgO composition was identified and used to fabricate a lid for the cell. Impervious cells were obtained by liquid phase joining and sintering techniques. Heating rate was found to be a key parameter in the success of this procedure. The cell was evaluated in terms of stability as a sensor and chemical pump by measuring EMF for two different Li-Zn alloys between 250 and 600°C. The configuration was as follows: (RE) (-) Ta Li,Sn | LiYO2 | Li,Zn Ta (+) (WE) The cell showed no significant attack after 40 days working with pure lithium. Stability and reproducibility of EMF values was obtained for the concentrations of Li studied. Solidus and liquidus temperatures were determined for the 5 and 10 mol% Li compositions in good agreement with published phase diagrams. Variations of EMF with respect to temperature or concentration followed the expected thermodynamic relationships. Results indicate that the LiYO2 electrolyte cell could be useful in assessment of the thermodynamics of lithium alloys.
Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum (2016)

Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from <i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i> to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). Fucoidans are marine sulfated polysaccharides, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. We hypothesized that the size and sulfation rate of fucoidans influence their ability to induce pro-angiogenic processes independently of GAGs. We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins were confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance. We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. Interestingly, in a GAG-free HUVECs model, LMWF kept a pro-angiogenic potential. Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. The fluorescent LMWF was mainly internalized through HUVEC clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which GAGs were partially involved. In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia.
Abstract A196: Nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT) enhances resveratrol-induced antiproliferation by reducing RRM2 expression in colorectal cancer cells (2018)

Abstract Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and its nanoparticulate derivative (Nano-diamino-tetrac, NDAT) inhibit cancer cell proliferation by multiple mechanisms. Resveratrol causes inducible COX-2-dependent antiproliferation in multiple types of cancer cells. Both agents suppress tumorigenesis in xenograft models. In the current study, we demonstrated the potentiating effect of NDAT on resveratrol-induced antiproliferation in human colorectal cancer cells. Induction of antiproliferation by resveratrol was shown by induction of COX-2, by increased expression of of antiproliferative genes and by reduction of transcription of pro-proliferative genes. Antiproliferation induced by NDAT was associated with downregulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit 2 (RRM2), an inhibitor of resveratrol-induced COX-2 accumulation. Interestingly, resveratrol itself induced RRM2 expression in a concentration-dependent manner that was variable among different colorectal cancer cells. Knockdown of RRM2 by shRNA increased resveratrol-induced COX-2 expression. Combined treatment with resveratrol and NDAT in shRNA-transfected colorectal cancer cells resulted in further enhancement of COX-2 accumulation and antiproliferation. In summary, RRM2 is a target of NDAT and may contribute to increased resveratrol-induced antiproliferation in colorectal cancer cells in the presence of NDAT. From these studies, we expect to develop a cellular and molecular mechanistic framework for better delineation of the chemotherapeutic activities of NDAT with resveratrol against colorectal carcinogenesis. Novel biomarkers may also emerge from such studies. Citation Format: Yu-Tang Chin, Chi-Yu Lin, Ya-Jung Shih, Shin-Ying Lin, YiRu Chen, Shaker A. Mousa, Heng-Yun Tang, Hung-Yun Lin, Paul J. Davis. Nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT) enhances resveratrol-induced antiproliferation by reducing RRM2 expression in colorectal cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A196.
Optical Cavity Mode Standing in the Free Space From Non-periodic Dielectric Gratings (2010)

We present the method of designing optical cavities of high quality factors and small mode volumes with most of the optical field standing in the free space, supported by non-periodic dielectric gratings.
An update on the surgical management of acromioclavicular joint injuries (2011)

Injuries to the acromioclavicular joint complex that are considered unstable or for which conservative treatment has failed can be managed with surgical procedures intended to provide joint reduction. Despite a large collection of publications describing a variety of surgical procedures directed towards a common goal, no treatment option has emerged as a “gold standard” of care. There appears to be a renewed interest in the acromioclavicular joint as technology over the last decade has offered new advancements that are being applied to the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint complex dislocations. This review is intended to summarize and review papers published in the last 2 years on new techniques, complications of reported techniques, and biomechanical studies designed to examine reconstruction strategies.
Diastereomeric excess upon cleavage and reformation of diastereomeric alkoxyamines (2004)

The thermal reactions of several TEMPO and DEPN (N-(2-methylpropan-2-yl)-N-(1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-aminoxyl) based alkoxyamines were studied by means of (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy aiming to distinguish the contributions of diastereoselective homolysis and coupling to the total equilibrium diastereomeric distribution. The TEMPO-based compounds reveal no diastereomeric excess while DEPN based compounds show a moderate excess both upon homolysis and coupling. The diastereomeric preference of homolysis for DEPN-(propionate-like) adducts does not depend on the ester group and it is mainly affected by the size of beta-substituents. The diastereoselective coupling is sensitive to the total recombination rate constant k(c) and diastereoselectivity increases with the decrease of k(c). Small diastereoselective coupling is found in the recombination of DEPN with sec-butyl isobutyrate radical, where no prochiral centers are formed upon cleavage of corresponding alkoxyamine.
On the Doping Dependence of Oxidation‐Induced Stacking Fault Shrinkage in Silicon (1982)

The effect of dopant concentration on the shrinkage of oxidation‐induced stacking faults (OSF) in silicon during annealing has been controversial. In this work, we demonstrate that OSF shrinkage during annealing can be enhanced by the presence of relatively shallow phosphorus‐implanted layers. The shrinkage rate shows a doping dependence that is consistent with vacancy absorption that increases with doping. However, at intrinsic doping concentrations it is argued that the faults shrink by emitting self interstitials.
Evaluation of two-beam spectroscopy as a plasma diagnostic (1980)

A two-beam spectroscopy (TBS) system is evaluated theoretically and experimentally. This new spectroscopic technique uses correlations between components of emitted light separated by a small difference in angle of propagation. It is thus a non-perturbing plasma diagnostic which is shown to provide local (as opposed to line-of-sight averaged) information about fluctuations in the density of light sources within a plasma - information not obtainable by the usual spectroscopic methods. The present design is an improvement on earlier systems proposed in a thesis by Rostler.
Hepatic Iron Quantification Using a Free‐Breathing 3D Radial Gradient Echo Technique and Validation With a 2D Biopsy‐Calibrated R2* Relaxometry Method (2021)

3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.