gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seeing around corners using time of flight (2020)

The problem of seeing around corners, often referred in the broader "Non-Line-of-Sight" context, is to use sensed information from directly visible surfaces of an environment to infer properties of the scene not directly visible. For example, the geometry above presents a classic "around the corner" setting, where a flat wall is used as the visible surface, and the hidden scene is occluded by another wall. While many proposed sensing modalities have been proposed, including acoustic and RF signals, most approaches utilize photonic sensors in the visible spectrum due to the availability of hardware, and better temporal and spatial resolution. Approaches range from active time-resolved measurements, time-averaged continuous wave sources, and even to passive exploitation of ambient illumination.
Enzymes Responsible for Synthesis of Corneal Keratan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans (2007)

Keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are among the most abundant carbohydrate components of the cornea and are suggested to play an important role in maintaining corneal extracellular matrix structure. Keratan sulfate carbohydrate chains consist of repeating N-acetyllactosamine disaccharides with sulfation on the 6-O positions of N-acetylglucosamine and galactose. Despite its importance for corneal function, the biosynthetic pathway of the carbohydrate chain and particularly the elongation steps are poorly understood. Here we analyzed enzymatic activity of two glycosyltransferases, beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltansferase-7 (beta3GnT7) and beta1,4-galactosyltransferase-4 (beta4GalT4), in the production of keratan sulfate carbohydrate in vitro. These glycosyltransferases produced only short, elongated carbohydrates when they were reacted with substrate in the absence of a carbohydrate sulfotransferase; however, they produced extended GlcNAc-sulfated poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures with more than four repeats of the GlcNAc-sulfated N-acetyllactosamine unit in the presence of corneal N-acetylglucosamine 6-O sulfotransferase (CGn6ST). Moreover, we detected production of highly sulfated keratan sulfate by a two-step reaction in vitro with a mixture of beta3GnT7/beta4GalT4/CGn6ST followed by keratan sulfate galactose 6-O sulfotransferase treatment. We also observed that production of highly sulfated keratan sulfate in cultured human corneal epithelial cells was dramatically reduced when expression of beta3GnT7 or beta4GalT4 was suppressed by small interfering RNAs, indicating that these glycosyltransferases are responsible for elongation of the keratan sulfate carbohydrate backbone.
Virulence Prediction ofYersinia enterocolitica byPyrolysis Gas-Liquid Chromatography (1980)

gas-liquid chromatograph, equipped withahigh-resolution Carbowax 20Mcoated capillary column, separated thevolatiles frompyrolyzed wholecell preparations andcell wall fractions. Theresulting pyrolysis elution patterns (pyrograms) weredivided into31230-stimeinterval areas. Thetimeinterval areaswerenormalized in relation totheentire pyrogram areaandwereevaluated bystepwise linear discriminant analysis. Theresults ofthePGLC-statistical analyses showedgood correlation inprediction oftheHeLacell invasivity test. Thetechnique ofPGLC coupled withstatistical analyses isobjective, incontrast totraditional methods of determining pathogenicity ofY.enterocolitica. Various methods havebeenusedtotestthe pathogenic potentials offoodborne bacteria. Yersinia enterocolitica virulence hasbeen tested bymethods involving HeLacell invasiveness(11, 13), Sereny keratoconjunctivitis (26),
Limited evidence for parallel evolution among desert adapted Peromyscus deer mice (2020)

ABSTRACT Phenotypic plasticity enables an immediate response to changing conditions, but for most species, evolutionary change through adaptation will be more important for long-term survival. Warming climate and increasing desertification urges the identification of genes involved in heat-and dehydration-tolerance to better inform and target biodiversity conservation efforts. Comparisons among extant desert adapted species can highlight parallel or convergent patterns of genome evolution through the identification of shared signatures of selection. We generate chromosome-level genome assembly for the canyon mouse ( Peromyscus crinitus ) and test for signature of parallel evolution by comparing signatures of selective sweeps across population-level genomic resequencing data from another desert specialist deer mouse ( P. eremicus ) and a widely-distributed habitat generalist ( P. maniculatus ), that may locally adapted to arid conditions. We identify few shared candidate loci involved in desert adaptation and do not find support for a shared pattern of parallel evolution. Instead, we hypothesize divergent molecular mechanisms of desert adaptation among deer mice, potentially tied to species-specific historical demography, which may limit or enhance adaptation. We identify a number of candidate loci experiencing selective sweeps in the P. crinitus genome that are implicated in osmoregulation ( Trypsin, Prostasin ) and metabolic regulation ( Kallikrein, eIF2-alpha kinase GCN2, APPL1/2 ), which may be important to accommodating hot and dry environmental conditions.
Optical biosensor system with integrated microfluidic sample preparation and TIRF based detection (2013)

There is a steadily growing demand for miniaturized bioanalytical devices allowing for on-site or point-of-care detection of biomolecules or pathogens in applications like diagnostics, food testing, or environmental monitoring. These, so called labs-on-a-chip or micro-total analysis systems (&mu;-TAS) should ideally enable convenient sample-in – result-out type operation. Therefore, the entire process from sample preparation, metering, reagent incubation, etc. to detection should be performed on a single disposable device (on-chip). In the early days such devices were mainly fabricated using glass or silicon substrates and adapting established fabrication technologies from the electronics and semiconductor industry. More recently, the development focuses on the use of thermoplastic polymers as they allow for low-cost high volume fabrication of disposables. One of the most promising materials for the development of plastic based lab-on-achip systems are cyclic olefin polymers and copolymers (COP/COC) due to their excellent optical properties (high transparency and low autofluorescence) and ease of processing. We present a bioanalytical system for whole blood samples comprising a disposable plastic chip based on TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence) optical detection. The chips were fabricated by compression moulding of COP and microfluidic channels were structured by hot embossing. These microfluidic structures integrate several sample pretreatment steps. These are the separation of erythrocytes, metering of sample volume using passive valves, and reagent incubation for competitive bioassays. The surface of the following optical detection zone is functionalized with specific capture probes in an array format. The plastic chips comprise dedicated structures for simple and effective coupling of excitation light from low-cost laser diodes. This enables TIRF excitation of fluorescently labeled probes selectively bound to detection spots at the microchannel surface. The fluorescence of these detection arrays is imaged using a simple set-up based on a digital consumer camera. Image processing for spot detection and intensity calculation is accomplished using customized software. Using this combined TIRF excitation and imaging based detection approach allowes for effective suppression of background fluorescence from the sample, multiplexed detection in an array format, as well as internal calibration and background correction.
Magnetoresistance, micromagnetism, and domain-wall scattering in epitaxial hcp Co films (1999)

Large negative magnetoresistance (MR) observed in transport measurements of hcp Co films with stripe domains were recently reported and interpreted in terms of domain-wall (DW) scattering mechanism. Here detailed MR measurements, magnetic force microscopy, and micromagnetic calculations are combined to elucidate the origin of MR in this material. The large negative room-temperature MR reported previously is shown to be due to ferromagnetic resistivity anisotropy. Measurements of the resistivity for currents parallel (CIW) and perpendicular to DW's (CPW) have been conducted as a function of temperature. Low-temperature results show that any intrinsic effect of DW's scattering on MR of this material is very small compared to the anisotropic MR.
Equivalence Study of Semaxanib from Different Suppliers (2020)

"Equivalence Study of Semaxanib from Different Suppliers." American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 63(6), pp. 865–868
Discovery of Protein Biomarkers for Renal Diseases (2004)

Animal models and human studies have been useful in dissecting the molecular mechanisms of renal disease and finding new disease targets; however, translation of these findings to new clinical therapeutics remains challenging. Difficulties with detecting early disease, measuring drug effectiveness, and the daunting cost of clinical trials hampers the development of new therapeutics for renal diseases. Many existing laboratory tests were discovered because of inspired recognition that a particular protein might prove useful in clinical practice. New unbiased genomic and proteomic techniques identify many constituents present in biologic samples and thus may greatly accelerate biomarker research. This review focuses on the steps needed to develop new biomarkers that are useful in laboratory and clinical investigations, with particular focus on new proteomic screening technologies. New biomarkers will speed the laboratory and clinical development of new treatments for renal diseases through mechanistic insights, diagnoses that are more refined, early detection, and enhanced proof of concept testing.
Querying quantitative logic models (Q2LM) to study intracellular signaling networks and cell-cytokine interactions (2011)

Mathematical models have substantially improved our ability to predict the response of a complex biological system to perturbation, but their use is typically limited by difficulties in specifying model topology and parameter values. Additionally, incorporating entities across different biological scales ranging from molecular to organismal in the same model is not trivial. Here, we present a framework called “querying quantitative logic models” (Q2LM) for building and asking questions of constrained fuzzy logic (cFL) models. cFL is a recently developed modeling formalism that uses logic gates to describe influences among entities, with transfer functions to describe quantitative dependencies. Q2LM does not rely on dedicated data to train the parameters of the transfer functions, and it permits straight-forward incorporation of entities at multiple biological scales. The Q2LM framework can be employed to ask questions such as: Which therapeutic perturbations accomplish a designated goal, and under what environmental conditions will these perturbations be effective? We demonstrate the utility of this framework for generating testable hypotheses in two examples: (i) a intracellular signaling network model; and (ii) a model for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cell-cytokine interactions; in the latter, we validate hypotheses concerning molecular design of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 8-Substituted 6-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ones (2009)

The vinylogous imide photocycloaddition-retro-­Mannich-Mannich cascade leads to the stereoselective synthesis of 8-substituted azabicyclooctanones.
Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in Ge/SiGe Quantum Wells on Si (2009)

In this paper, we present observations of quantum confinement and quantum-confined Stark effect electroabsorption in Ge quantum wells with SiGe barriers grown on Si substrates. Though Ge is an indirect gap semiconductor, the resulting effects are at least as clear and strong as seen in typical III-V quantum well structures at similar wavelengths. We also designed and fabricated a coplanar high-speed modulator, and demonstrated modulation at 10 GHz and a 3.125-GHz eye diagram for 30-¿m-sized modulators.
Processing and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3/Y3Al5O12 (YAG) Eutectic Composite (2008)

A modified Bridgman-type crystal-growing technique was used to fabricate a directionally solidified eutectic composite of Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12 (YAG). The resulting composite did not have a truly directionally solidified microstructure, but the eutectic grains were large, elongated, and aligned with the continuous alumina phase having its a-axis along the solidification direction. This microstructure did not change after heat treatment at 1700°C, 5 h in air. The composite was found to have a flexural (4-pt.) strength of 373 MPa and a fracture toughness (SENB) of 4.3 MPa · m1/2 at room temperature. The strength dropped to 272 MPa at 1375°C and at 1585°C the strength was still 265 MPa. The fracture toughness was retained up to 1585°C. In comparison with sapphire and single-crystal YAG, the composite has a significantly higher fracture toughness at elevated temperatures.
Structure and activity of DmmA, a marine haloalkane dehalogenase (2011)

DmmA is a haloalkane dehalogenase (HLD) identified and characterized from the metagenomic DNA of a marine microbial consortium. Dehalogenase activity was detected with 1,3-dibromopropane as substrate, with steady-state kinetic parameters typical of HLDs (K(m) = 0.24 ± 0.05 mM, k(cat) = 2.4 ± 0.1 s(-1) ). The 2.2-Å crystal structure of DmmA revealed a fold and active site similar to other HLDs, but with a substantially larger active site binding pocket, suggestive of an ability to act on bulky substrates. This enhanced cavity was shown to accept a range of linear and cyclic substrates, suggesting that DmmA will contribute to the expanding industrial applications of HLDs.
Depressed T-cell proliferation and polymorphonuclear superoxide anion production in mice treated with cocaine (1991)

[No abstract available]
Inhibition of adipose differentiation by phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitors (1998)

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase plays an important role in various cellular signaling mechanisms in several cell systems. The role of PI 3-kinase in adipose differentiation was investigated. For this purpose, we examined the effect of specific inhibitors of PI 3-kinase on the differentiation of two adipogenic cell lines, 1246 and 3T3-L1. The results show that two structurally different inhibitors of PI 3-kinase, i.e., LY294002 and wortmannin, blocked adipose differentiation in a time and dose-dependent fashion. The results from time- course studies indicated that PI 3-kinase activity is most important in the early phase (day 4 to day 6) of the differentiation program. The effect of PI 3-kinase inhibitor on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, a master regulator in adipogenesis induced during the differentiation process, was also examined. LY294002 significantly inhibited the induction of PPARgamma mRNA expression. During the initiation phase of adipogenesis (day 4 to day 6), the expression of PPARgamma was induced and LY294002 blocked the increase of expression of PPARgamma mRNA. The inhibition of expression of PPARgamma may provide a molecular mechanism for the action of PI 3-kinase inhibitors on adipose differentiation.
Human pancreatic enzymes. Purification and characterization of a nonelastolytic enzyme, protease E, resembling elastase (1975)

?An enzyme with proteolytic activity has been isolated from activated extracts of human pancreatic tissue. The purification procedure included salt fractionation followed by ion-exchange chromatography on SE-TSephadex C-25 and on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The homogeneity of this enzyme, designated protease te, was demonstrated by disc electrophoresis and by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation stidues. The homogeneous enzyme shows the ability to hydrolyze many of the conventional synthetic substrates used for the identification of elastase activity; however, it demonstrates no significant elastolytic activity. A comparison of human protease E with porcine elastase reveals a high degree of similarity between the two proteases with respect to inhibition by active-site directed peptide chloromethyl ketones, stability, decreased susceptibility to naturally occurring proteinase inhibitors, and specificity for synthetic substrates as well as several other physical properties. The major difference between human protease E and porcine elastase, other than the lack of elastolytic activity by human protease E, seems to be in the ionic character and the amino acid composition of these two proteins. Porcine elastase is a cationic enzyme, while human protease E appears to be anionic in nature. These dissimilarities concerning elastolytic activity and ionic character appear to be directly related.
Supplementary Data from A Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-3 (SST<sub>3</sub>) Peptide Agonist Shows Antitumor Effects in Experimental Models of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This supplementary file contains supplementary methods (library screening and statistical analysis) and table S1 (Pharmacological characterization of SST3-selective compounds), table S2 (Relation of functional experiments performed in responsive (RP) and unresponsive (URP) NFPTs), table S3 (Percentage of responsive and unresponsive NFPTs regarding SST3-specific agonists in terms of cell viability), table S4 (Results from Chi-square test of clinical parameters between responsive and unresponsive NFPTs), and table S5 (Clinical data and SST3 mRNA expression levels of individual NFPTs).&lt;/p&gt;
Micellar Sphere to Rod Transitions (1990)

Micellar growth induced by changes in electrolyte concentration, micelle composition, or temperature, can be monitored by changes in the frequency and shape of CH2 stretching and deformation bands. Decreases in the gauche conformer content of the methylene chains of surfactant molecules with increasing aggregation number are observed. Simultaneous changes in bands due to surfactant headgroups can distinguish differing mechanisms of micelle growth because of their sensitivity to the location and type of counterion species present. The spectroscopic data support the spherocylindrical model of micelle growth, and show that surfactant molecules in the cylindrical portion exhibit methylene chain ordering similar to the rotator phase of alkanes.
Novel Multiplex Immunoassays for Quantification of IgG against Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides in Human Sera (2019)

Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) infections constitute a major cause of invasive disease during the first three months of life and an unmet medical need that could be addressed by maternal vaccination. The GBS capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have shown promise as vaccine targets in clinical studies. A highly specific serological assay to quantify maternal and neonatal anti-CPS antibody levels will be instrumental for GBS vaccine licensure. Here, we describe the development and comparison of two novel multiplex immunoassays (MIAs) based on the Luminex technology for the quantification of IgG antibodies recognizing the five most frequent GBS capsular variants (Ia, Ib, II, III, and V) out of the ten types identified. The first assay is based on the use of biotinylated CPSs coupled to streptavidin-derivatized magnetic microspheres (Biotin-CPS MIA), while the second is a sandwich assay with plain CPSs coupled to magnetic microspheres coated with polysaccharide-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (Sandwich MIA). Both assays showed good specificity, linearity, and precision, although the Biotin-CPS MIA presented higher sensitivity and lower complexity than the Sandwich MIA. A panel of human sera representing a wide range of anti-CPS IgG concentrations was tested in parallel by the two assays, which resulted in comparable titers. Our data support the preservation of antigenic epitopes in the biotinylated polysaccharides and the suitability of the Biotin-CPS MIA for the precise determination of GBS anti-CPS IgG concentrations in human sera.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Group B streptococcal infections can cause death in neonates up to 3 months of age. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in GBS-colonized mothers has limited early infections but has no impact after the first week of life. The development of a maternal vaccine to address this unmet medical need has been identified as a priority by the World Health Organization, and the GBS CPSs are considered the best antigen targets. However, to date there are no accepted standardized assays to measure immune responses to the investigational vaccines and for establishment of serocorrelates of protection. Here, we describe the performance of two microsphere-based pentaplex immunoassays for the determination of antibodies recognizing the five most frequent GBS serotypes. Our data confirm that an assay based on biotinylated polysaccharides coupled to streptavidin microspheres would be suitable for the intended purpose.
Asymptotic Analysis of Rayleigh Product Channels: A Free Probability Approach (2016)

The Rayleigh product channel model is useful in capturing the performance degradation due to rank deficiency of MIMO channels. In this paper, such a performance degradation is investigated via the distribution of mutual information assuming the block fading channels and the uniform power transmission scheme. Using techniques of free probability theory, the asymptotic variance of mutual information is derived when the dimensions of the channel matrices approach infinity. In this asymptotic regime, the mutual information is rigorously proven to be Gaussian distributed. Using the obtained results, a fundamental tradeoff between multiplexing gain and diversity gain of Rayleigh product channels under the uniform power transmission can be characterized by the closed-form expression at any finite signal-to-noise ratio. Numerical results are provided to compare the outage performance between the Rayleigh product channels and the conventional Rayleigh MIMO channels.
Urea electrolysis: direct hydrogen production from urine (2009)

A new technology has been developed that accomplishes the direct conversion of urine and urea to pure hydrogen via electrochemical oxidation with an inexpensive nickel catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Relocation of the Amino Functionality to the Ethyl Side Chain in Aminoglutethimide: Synthesis and Aromatase‐Inhibitory Activity of 3‐ (2′‐N,N‐Diethylamino)ethyl‐3‐phenylpiperidine‐2,6‐dione. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.