gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impaired utilization of serum folate in pernicious anemia (1972)

The possible role of cobalamins in the utilization of serum methyltetrahydrofolate has been investigated by means of radiolabeled methyltetrahydrofolate in subjects suffering from pernicious anemia. After intravenous administration, methyltetrahydrofolate-(3)H (SA 11,500 Ci/mole; dose 0.05 mug/kg) was cleared from the serum to tissues of B(12)-deficient subjects half as fast as after the same subjects had received vitamin B(12) therapy. B(12) deficiency was also associated with an increased rate of renal excretion of methyltetrahydrofolate or its derivatives, and a decreased rate of renal metabolism of methyltetrahydrofolate to other urinary folate derivatives.Intravenously administered methyl-(14)C-tetrahydrofolate-(3)H at a higher dose (5 mug/kg) caused a severalfold elevation of the total serum folate concentration and, in B(12)-deficient subjects, it did not disappear from the serum significantly more slowly although its urinary excretion was significantly increased. These results indicate that there is some cobalamin requirement for the utilization of serum methyltetrahydrofolate and verify one prediction of the "methyltetrahydrofolate trap" explanation for the megaloblastosis of B(12) deficiency.
O3‐06‐02: Toll‐like receptor 9 ligand CpG ODN as a new highly effective agent for prevention and/or treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Manipulation of the immune system is becoming a promising treatment approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, when this approach was tried in humans, in contrast to results in AD animal models, encephalitis emerged as a significant form of toxicity in some patients. Vaccination studies have so far mainly targeted the adaptive immune system. Our research group postulated stimulation of the innate immune system as possible alternative method for ameliorating AD related pathology, without associated toxicity. Our prior work in prion disease, suggested that this could be done effectively via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). To assess the utility of TLR 9 agonist CpG ODN to stimulate the innate immune system and prevent AD pathology in a mouse model. Female Tg2576 mice were injected with either the TLR9 agonist type B CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 or vehicle beginning at 6 weeks of age, and once a month thereafter for a total of 14 injections. Controls were non-transgenic C57BL/6 x SJL mice injected with vehicle on the same schedule. At the age of sixteen months, the mice were subjected to behavioral testing. No difference between Tg groups was found in any of the locomotor parameters. CpG treatment led to working memory improvement in APP Tg2576 mice as indicated by radial arm maze testing (two-way ANOVA p = 0.019, post-hoc Tg-CpG vs Tg-vehicle, p = 0.026). In evaluating the efficacy of CpG ODN peripheral administration in AD mice, we found that stimulation of TLR9 signaling led to 66%(p = 0.0001) reduction in cortical and 59% (p = 0.002) reduction in hippocampal amyloid burden compared to vehicle treated Tg animals. This remarkable reduction of amyloid burden was paralleled by a reduction in the numbers of activated microglia and astrocytes. When analyzed separately, we observed a significant decrease in vascular amyloid burden without any evidence of increased cerebral microhemmorhages. Furthermore, treatment with CpG ODN was highly effective at reducing the brain Aβ levels along with Aβ oligomers. These results validate the feasibility of TLR9 ligand CpG ODN currently in clinical trials for a variety of other diseases as a new highly effective agent for the prevention and/or treatment of AD.
DRX-Aware Power and Delay Optimized Scheduler for Bursty Traffic Transmission (2015)

Discontinuous Reception (DRX) is one of the mechanisms to reduce User Equipment (UE) power consumption in Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems. In this work, a DRX-aware power and delay optimized scheduling scheme is proposed for downlink transmission of bursty packet data traffic. The UE power consumption is minimized by reducing the time that a UE spends receiving data. This is achieved by predominantly scheduling a single UE at a time. The mean packet burst end-to-end delay is minimized by giving priority to packet bursts with relatively small transmission time requirement when compared to a weighted value of the estimated remaining transmission time of the predominantly scheduled packet burst. The weight parameter can be adjusted according to power-delay trade off preference. The DRX timers are further taken into account to avoid wake up delays, by keeping some of the waiting UEs active before the transmission to the currently scheduled packet burst ends. Based on LTE system level simulation results, the UE power consumption could be significantly reduced while improving the mean delay using the scheduler, comparing to conventional proportional fair scheduler.
Synthesis of walking primitive databases for biped robots in 3D-environments (2004)

This paper presents a systematic approach to generate walking primitive databases for anthropomorphic 3D-bipeds allowing step length adaptation, direction changes and stepping over obstacles. The individual walking primitives are derived by optimal control techniques. Zero moment point (ZMP) and friction conditions at the feet ensuring postural stability of the biped, as well as bounds on the joint angles and on the control torques, are treated as constraints. The resulting reference trajectories are validated by dynamic simulations.
Cloud-Based Model Calibration Using OpenStudio: Preprint (2014)

OpenStudio is a free, open source Software Development Kit (SDK) and application suite for performing building energy modeling and analysis. The OpenStudio Parametric Analysis Tool has been extended to allow cloud-based simulation of multiple OpenStudio models parametrically related to a baseline model. This paper describes the new cloud-based simulation functionality and presents a model cali-bration case study. Calibration is initiated by entering actual monthly utility bill data into the baseline model. Multiple parameters are then varied over multiple iterations to reduce the difference between actual energy consumption and model simulation results, as calculated and visualized by billing period and by fuel type. Simulations are per-formed in parallel using the Amazon Elastic Cloud service. This paper highlights model parameterizations (measures) used for calibration, but the same multi-nodal computing architecture is available for other purposes, for example, recommending combinations of retrofit energy saving measures using the calibrated model as the new baseline.
Agent-free high speed localization photoacoustic microscopy (2019)

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) as an emerging microscopy system have shown the capability of anatomical, functional, metabolic and pathological imaging of animals and humans <i>in vivo</i>. However, conventional PAM systems have limited spatial and/or temporal resolutions. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanners and super-resolution techniques have been used, but the MEMS scanners were unstable and conventional ultra-high resolution imaging methods were slow and/or required exogenous contrast agents. Here, we present an agent-free high speed PAM using a stable commercial scanner (L-PAM) that improves both spatial and temporal resolution concurrently. A B-mode image rate is improved up to a B-mode image rate of 500 Hz with the scanner. By localizing endogenous contrasts, unresolved microvessels in general PAM system are resolved. These enhancements enable the observation of microvasculatures and functional hemodynamics of animals and humans <i>in vivo</i>. This L-PAM enables leading to new studies in a variety of fields including neurology, oncology, pathology, pharmacology, etc.
DEESSE (2014)

We present DEESSE [1], a tool that enables an exploratory and serendipitous exploration - at entity level, of the content of two different social media: Wikipedia, a user-curated online encyclopedia, and Yahoo Answers, a more unconstrained question/answering forum. DEESSE represents the content of each source as an entity network, which is further enriched with metadata about sentiment, writing quality, and topical category. Given a query entity, entity results are retrieved from the network by employing an algorithm based on a random walk with restart to the query. Following the emerging paradigm of composite retrieval, we organize the results into topically coherent bundles instead of showing them in a simple ranked list.
Characterisation of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli strains of clinical origin (2009)

Our findings indicate that clinical isolates of aEPEC obtained from patients in Australia or New Zealand are not derived from tEPEC or STEC, and suggest that functional equivalents of BFP and possibly type I fimbriae may contribute to the virulence of some aEPEC strains.
Measurement of Plasma Renin Activity by a Simple Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay (1982)

A solid phase RIA in which an antibody adsorbed onto polystyrene balls was developed to determine PRA. Complete inhibition of converting enzyme and angiotensinase during enzymatic reaction was achieved by phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride and EDTA combination. Pepstatin A was found to be an effective agent to block angiotensin I generation during the RIA, and the sample can be directly incubated at room temperature for RIA without any special treatment to inhibit renin activity. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (CV) were 5.5-6.9% and 3.7-8.2%, respectively. The recovery was 91.9-117% of added angiotensin I. The assay is sufficiently sensitive and reliable for routine use and correlates acceptably (r = 0.996) with an established RIA. The antibody-adsorbed balls were compared to the soluble antibody with respect to thermodynamic parameters. It was found that the apparent equilibrium constant of the antibody-adsorbed ball was reduced to approximately 1/2 sec of soluble antibody, which was predominately due to the decrease in unitary entropy change by adsorption.
Influence of backstreaming ions on spot size of 2 MeV electron beam (2019)

Abstract Influence of backstreaming ions from the target on spot size of focused 2 MeV electron beam was considered. The 2D version of the particle-in-cell code KARAT was used to study the formation of the ions stream and dynamics of the electron beam. It was shown that light species emitted from the target can disrupt the beam. The emission of low-ionized states of tantalum cannot disrupt the beam during about 30 ns or longer. A few non-invasive techniques of mitigation of the beam disruption were considered. Final magnetic lens with fast variation of magnetic field of several hundred Ampere-turns per nanosecond is capable to stabilize initial spot size of the compressed beam at the target.
Evaluations of In Vitro Metabolism, Drug–Drug Interactions Mediated by Reversible and Time-Dependent Inhibition of CYPs, and Plasma Protein Binding of MMB4 DMS (2013)

1,1'-Methylenebis[4-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-pyridinium] (MMB4) dimethanesulfonate (DMS) is a bisquaternary pyridinium aldoxime that reactivates acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphorus nerve agent. Drug metabolism and plasma protein binding for MMB4 DMS were examined using various techniques and a wide range of species. When (14)C-MMB4 DMS was incubated in liver microsomes, 4-pyridine aldoxime (4-PA) and an additional metabolite were detected in all species tested. Identity of the additional metabolite was postulated to be isonicotinic acid (INA) based on liquid chromatography with a tandem mass spectrometry analysis, which was confirmed by comparison with authentic INA. Formation of INA was dependent on species, with the highest level found in monkey liver microsomes. The MMB4 DMS exhibited reversible inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner toward cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes showing the highest inhibition for CYP2D6. Human recombinant CYPs were used to evaluate inhibitory curves more adequately and determine detailed kinetic constants for reversible inhibition and potential time-dependent inhibition (TDI). The MMB4 DMS exhibited reversible inhibition toward human-recombinant CYP2D6 with an inhibition constant (K i) value of 66.6 µmol/L. Based on the k inact/K I values, MMB4 DMS was found to exhibit the most potent TDI toward CYP2D6. The MMB4 DMS at 5 different concentrations was incubated in plasma for 5 hours using an equilibrium dialysis device. For all species tested, there were no concentration-dependent changes in plasma protein binding, ranging from 10% to 17%. These results suggest that MMB4 was not extensively bound to plasma protein, and there were no overt species-related differences in the extent of MMB4 bound to plasma protein.
Ontogenic Changes in Hematopoietic Hierarchy Determine Pediatric Specificity and Disease Phenotype in Fusion Oncogene–Driven Myeloid Leukemia (2019)

Fusion oncogenes are prevalent in several pediatric cancers, yet little is known about the specific associations between age and phenotype. We observed that fusion oncogenes, such as <i>ETO2-GLIS2</i>, are associated with acute megakaryoblastic or other myeloid leukemia subtypes in an age-dependent manner. Analysis of a novel inducible transgenic mouse model showed that <i>ETO2-GLIS2</i> expression in fetal hematopoietic stem cells induced rapid megakaryoblastic leukemia whereas expression in adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells resulted in a shift toward myeloid transformation with a strikingly delayed <i>in vivo</i> leukemogenic potential. Chromatin accessibility and single-cell transcriptome analyses indicate ontogeny-dependent intrinsic and <i>ETO2-GLIS2</i>-induced differences in the activities of key transcription factors, including ERG, SPI1, GATA1, and CEBPA. Importantly, switching off the fusion oncogene restored terminal differentiation of the leukemic blasts. Together, these data show that aggressiveness and phenotypes in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia result from an ontogeny-related differential susceptibility to transformation by fusion oncogenes. SIGNIFICANCE: This work demonstrates that the clinical phenotype of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is determined by ontogeny-dependent susceptibility for transformation by oncogenic fusion genes. The phenotype is maintained by potentially reversible alteration of key transcription factors, indicating that targeting of the fusions may overcome the differentiation blockage and revert the leukemic state.<i>See related commentary by Cruz Hernandez and Vyas, p. 1653</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1631</i>.
Molecular Origin of Endemic Leprosy in New York City (2008)

We report an indigenous case of leprosy in New York City in an immunocompetent patient who was infected with a Mycobacterium leprae genotype that is consistent with an exogenous origin. Physicians in the eastern United States should be alerted that, although most patients who develop leprosy in the United States are foreign born, native-born Americans are also susceptible to the infection.
Caloric restriction improves health and survival of rhesus monkeys (2017)

Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition extends lifespan and delays the onset of age-related disorders in most species but its impact in nonhuman primates has been controversial. In the late 1980s two parallel studies were initiated to determine the effect of CR in rhesus monkeys. The University of Wisconsin study reported a significant positive impact of CR on survival, but the National Institute on Aging study detected no significant survival effect. Here we present a direct comparison of longitudinal data from both studies including survival, bodyweight, food intake, fasting glucose levels and age-related morbidity. We describe differences in study design that could contribute to differences in outcomes, and we report species specificity in the impact of CR in terms of optimal onset and diet. Taken together these data confirm that health benefits of CR are conserved in monkeys and suggest that CR mechanisms are likely translatable to human health.
Additive manufacturing of biodegradable Zn-xWE43 porous scaffolds: Formation quality, microstructure and mechanical properties (2019)

Zn is promising candidate material for biodegradable implants due to its acceptable biocompatibility and moderate degradation rate. However, the strength of pure Zn metal is regarded not enough. In this work, Zn-xWE43 porous scaffolds were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) with different mass ratios of WE43: 2%, 5% and 8%. WE43 is a biodegradable Mg alloy with addition of Y and rare earth elements, and has been clinically verified. The formation quality, microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. L-PBF samples with high densification were achieved. Rapid cooling rate and the addition of WE43 together resulted to grain refinement. With increasing content of WE43, more Zn + Mg2Zn11 eutectics were precipitated, which increased tensile strength but decreased elongation. The formation of brittle MgZn2 deteriorated strength in Zn-8WE43. Zn-5WE43 showed the highest tensile strength of 335.4 MPa, but the elongation was only 1%. The compressive strength and Young's modulus of Zn-5WE43 porous scaffolds was 73.2 MPa and 2480 MPa, while 22.9 MPa and 950 MPa for pure Zn porous scaffolds respectively. The present results addressed the key technical issues and pointed out the future directions on additive manufacturing of Zn alloy porous scaffolds for biodegradable application.
Downlink Performance Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Finite Fronthaul Capacity (2018)

In this work, we analyze the performance of the downlink of a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system considering finite capacity fronthaul links. We model the locations of the remote radio heads (RRHs) and the users as two independent binomial point processes (BPPs). Conditioned on the locations of the RRHs and users, and considering imperfect channel state information (CSI) and conjugate beamforming at the RRHs, we derive an achievable rate for a randomly selected user in the network. Further, based on the dominant RRH approach, we provide an approximate but accurate expression to analytically evaluate this rate averaged over the spatial realizations of RRH and user locations. From our analysis, we arrive at the following conclusions: (1) the achievable average system sum-rate is a strictly quasi-concave function of the number of users in the network, (2) for the same number of antennas in the system, the optimal number of antennas per RRH to maximize the average user rate as well as average system sum-rate depends on the quality of the CSI. While for a high-quality CSI a more collocated system is preferred, for low-quality CSI it is better to consider a more distributed RRH deployment.
Special Section on Secure Computer Architectures (2018)

The papers in this special section focus on security in computer architectures. Computer architectures are profoundly affected by a new security landscape, caused by the dramatic evolution of information technology over the past decade. First, secure computer architectures have to support a wide range of security applications that extend well beyond the desktop environment, and that also include handheld, mobile, and embedded architectures, as well as high-end computing servers. Second, secure computer architectures have to support new applications of information security and privacy, as well as new information security standards. Third, secure computer architectures have to be protected and be tamperresistant at multiple abstraction levels, covering network, software, and hardware. This Special Section in Transactions on Computers aims to capture this evolving landscape of secure computing architectures, to build a vision of opportunities and unresolved challenges.
Magnetics on Silicon Technology Enabling High Switching Frequency Applications (2021)

This paper shows the main aspects and possibility of magnetics on silicon technology as a new fabrication technology for the development of magnetic micro components for high switching frequency applications ranging from 1 MHz to 100 MHz.
Multiple-feed integrated lens antenna with continuous scanning range (2017)

The paper presents a novel concept of the integrated lens antenna (ILA) that includes multiple feeds and provides continuous scanning without gain degradation in the given scanning sector. Each feed includes its own RF mixing stage and a radiating element mounted on the lens back focal surface. By having multiple-RF circuits, the distribution network is moved from the millimeter-wave front-end as in the classical solutions down to the analog or intermediate-frequency (IF) part of the transceiver where distribution losses are significantly lower (or even negligible). Continuous scanning is achieved by the power distribution over all the radiating elements that leads to a predictable displacement of the common phase center of the group of active elements relatively to the lens axis. The lens focuses the radiation in the particular direction defined by this phase center position. Thus, instead of activating only a single radiating element as in the classical beam-switching ILA, it is proposed to use a group of active elements and set the actual power distribution according to the desired beam direction. Low losses and continuous scanning range make this ILA concept perspective for practical implementation in different millimeter-wave applications like point-to-point radios and future 5G systems.
An experimental study of the enhancement of air-cooling limits for telecom/datacom heat sinks applications using an impinging air jet (2004)

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the heat transfer from a parallel flat plate heat sink under a turbulent impinging air jet. A horizontal nozzle plate confined the target surface. The jet was discharged from a sharp-edged nozzle in the nozzle plate. Average Nusselt numbers are reported for Pr=0.7, 5000/spl les/Re/spl les/30000, L/d=2.5 and 0.833 at H/d=3 where L, H and d define the length of the square heat source, nozzle-to-target spacing and nozzle diameter, respectively. Tests were also conducted for an impinging flow over a flat plate, flush with the top surface of the target plate. The average Nusselt numbers from the heat sink were compared to those for a flat plate to determine the overall performance of the heat sink in a confined impingement arrangement. The experimental results were compared with the numerical predictions obtained in an earlier study.