gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drilling and Under-Reaming in the GOM Deepwater Ultradeep Lower Tertiary: History of a Record Run in the World's Deepest Oil or Gas Well (2011)

Abstract Operators have been drilling deepwater prospects in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) since the late 1980s. However, technology has evolved tremendously enabling deepwater operators to explore deeper frontiers. Many of the recent promising GOM deepwater prospects are targeting the lower tertiary sedimentary dispersal system that is regionally continuous from the coastal zone to the deepwater basin. Many of these wells seek ultradeep targets with total vertical depth (TVD) ranging from 28,000 - 35,000 ft (8534-10668 m). To reach these deep lower tertiary reservoirs in the middle Paleocene to early Eocene age (Wilcox Group), operators must overcome many drilling challenges, including wellbore integrity, borehole stability, pressure management, destructive vibrations and suboptimum drill bit and under-reamer performance when drilling at these greater depths. Due to the nature of the well construction and completion programs of these deepwater ultra-deep wells, which very often require over six casing strings, concentric expandable under-reamers are regularly used to maximize the wellbore final section size. As these lower tertiary sandstones can be highly abrasive and hard, especially under extremely high confining pressures, bit and under-reamer durability has become a huge challenge. This paper will focus on the deepest successful 12 ¼ -in underreamer run in the world (31,400 ft or 9571 m TVD), achieved when drilling the deepest oil or gas well ever drilled., with emphasis on the selected under-reamer characteristics, bit selection and best drilling practices used.
Identification of Streptomyces scopuliridis KR-001 and Its Herbicidal Characteristics (2013)

토양 방선균 유래의 천연 제초활성 후보소재를 발굴하고, 이 후보소재의 온실 및 포장 실증 평가를 통해 보다 친환경적이고 효율적인 잡초 관리를 위한 잡초방제제로의 실용화 가능성을 검토하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 3,000여 종의 토양 방선균으로부터 강력하고 독특한 제초활성을 발현하는 후보 방선균 2종을 선발하였으며, 선발된 후보 방선균의 16S rDNA 서열을 분석한 결과 S. scopuliridis RB72와 가장 유사도가 높아 선발 균주를 S. scopuliridis KR-001이라 명명하였다. 후보 방선균의 최적 배양조건을 확립하였고, 온실 및 포장조건에서 주요 문제잡초와 난방제 잡초, 환경 위해 잡초 가시박 방제효과를 평가를 통해 친환경적인 천연물 제초제로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다. 한편, 후보 방선균 S. scopuliridis KR-001 배양액은 작물에 대한 선택성은 없었기 때문에 비선택성 경엽처리제로의 개발 가능성을 고려한 처리 농도 및 시기 등에 대한 진전단계 연구를 진행할 필요성이 제기되었다. 향후 배양액 수준에서 제형 연구를 통해 약효증진기술과 대량생산성 기술 개발을 통해 실용화 가능성을 검토하는 한편, 배양액 내의 살초성분에 대한 화학구조 구명을 통해 방선균 유래의 천연 제초제를 개발 할 수 있는 선도물질 발굴을 위한 추가 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단하였다. With increasing environmental issues from synthetic chemical herbicides, microbe-originated herbicides could be a fascinating alternative in current agriculture. We isolated Streptomyces strains that produced herbicidal active metabolite(s) against a grass weed Digitaria sanguinalis. According to the result from 16S rDNA sequence comparison with the close strains, the best isolate (Code name MS-80673) was identified as Streptomyces scopuliridis KR-001. The closest type strain was Streptomyces scopuliridis RB72 which was previously reported as a bacteriocin producer. The optimal culture condition of S. scopuliridis KR-001 was <TEX>$28^{\circ}C$</TEX>, pH 7.0 and culture period 4 to7 days. Both of soil and foliar application of the crude culture broth concentrate was effective on several troublesome or noxious weed species such as a Sciyos angulatus in a greenhouse and field condition. Phytotoxic symptoms of the culture broth concentrate of S. scopuliridis KR-001 by foliar application were wilting and burndown of leaves, and stems followed by discoloration and finally plant death. In crops such as rice, wheat, barley, hot pepper and tomato, growth inhibition was observed. These results suggest that the new S. scopuliridis KR-001 strain producing herbicidal metabolites may be a new bio-herbicide candidate and/or may provide a new lead molecule for a more efficient herbicide.
Review: Transformation of aqueous protein attenuated total reflectance infra-red absorbance spectroscopy to transmission — R0/PR2 (2020)

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is increasingly being used to probe the secondary structure of proteins, especially for high-concentration samples and biopharmaceuticals in complex formulation vehicles. However, the small path lengths required for aqueous protein transmission experiments, due to high water absorbance in the amide I region of the spectrum, means that the path length is not accurately known, so only the shape of the band is ever considered. This throws away a dimension of information. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) IR spectroscopy is much easier to implement than transmission IR spectroscopy and, for a given instrument and sample, gives reproducible spectra. However, the ATR-absorbance spectrum varies with sample concentration and instrument configuration, and its wavenumber dependence differs significantly from that observed in transmission spectroscopy. In this paper, we determine, for the first time, how to transform water and aqueous protein ATR spectra into the corresponding transmission spectra with appropriate spectral shapes and intensities. The approach is illustrated by application to water, concanavalin A, haemoglobin and lysozyme. The transformation is only as good as the available water refractive index data. A hybrid of literature data provides the best results. The transformation also allows the angle of incidence of an ATR crystal to be determined. This opens the way to using both spectral shape and spectra intensity for protein structure fitting.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Targeting DNA Damage Repair Functions of Two Histone Deacetylases, HDAC8 and SIRT6, Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia to NAMPT Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;HDAC8-specific inhibitor (PCI-34051) or AR-42 treatments sensitize AML cell lines to KPT-9274 treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Medicare Reimbursement Rates and Utilization Trends in Sacroiliac Joint Fusion (2023)

SIJ fusion volume in the Medicare population has increased substantially in the past 10 years, with MIS SIJ fusion accounting for most of the procedures since the introduction of the 27279 CPT code in 2015. Reimbursement rates for surgeons have also increased for both open and MIS procedures, even after adjusting for inflation.
11.4 1650µm2 thermal-diffusivity sensors with inaccuracies down to ±0.75°C in 40nm CMOS (2016)

This work presents a thermal diffusivity (TD) sensor realized in nanometer (40nm) CMOS that demonstrates that the performance of such sensors continues to improve with scaling. Without trimming, the sensor achieves ±1.4°C (3σ) inaccuracy from -40 to 125°C, which is a 5× improvement over previous (non-TD) sensors intended for thermal monitoring. This improves to ±0.75°C (3σ) after a single-point trim, a level of accuracy that previously would have required two-point trimming. Furthermore, it operates from supply voltages as low as 0.9V, and occupies only 1650 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , making it one of the smallest smart temperature sensors reported to date. These advances are enabled by the use of a phase-calibration scheme and a highly digital phase-domain ΔΣ ADC.
Le flux de gène africain réduit l'anosmie à la beta-ionone chez une population malgache admixée (2019)

International audience
Variable Camber Compliant Wing - Wind Tunnel Testing (2015)

This paper describes initial wind tunnel testing of a Variable Camber Compliant Wing developed by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The current version of the Variable Camber Compliant wing has a two foot chord length and was designed to demonstrate the ability to actively change wing section camber at low flight speed. The intent of the design was to adjust the wing camber by six percent chord while holding maximum camber location, and maximum thickness constant (emulating a change from a NACA 2410 to NACA 8410 profile) using a single continuous outer skin. The design is unique; the entire skin is seamless, continuous, and made of a single piece of non-stretchable composite skin. Smooth elastic deformation of the wing is attained by the underlying compliant mechanism. 2D camber change is achieved by a single actuation direction to control both leading and trailing edge deflection. 3D shape change is also capable through variation of camber along the span wise direction using a distributed actuation system along the span. Relatively low speed design and testing conditions were chosen to support air vehicle noise modeling efforts, for which low speed flight results in lower noise. Wing shape change without aerodynamic load was measured using an optical measurement system, indicating nearly six percent camber change measured at the middle rib. The wing was tested in the U.S. Air Force Vertical Wind Tunnel Facility in order to demonstrate operation of the wing under aerodynamic load. Increasing the profile camber resulted in an increase in section lift coefficient and vice versa. The variable camber wing is an inherently flexible structure that deforms under aerodynamic load. Digital image correlation of the model with wind off and wind on was used to understand the flexibility of the structure and its effect on aerodynamic forces. Aerodynamic modeling of the wings actual windoff shape and wind on shape are used to provide insight into the wind tunnel results and discuss the complexity of aerodynamic measurements on a flexible structure.
Somatic Mutations of PIK3R1 Promote Gliomagenesis (2012)

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is targeted for frequent alteration in glioblastoma (GBM) and is one of the core GBM pathways defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Somatic mutations of PIK3R1 are observed in multiple tumor types, but the tumorigenic activity of these mutations has not been demonstrated in GBM. We show here that somatic mutations in the iSH2 domain of PIK3R1 act as oncogenic driver events. Specifically, introduction of a subset of the mutations identified in human GBM, in the nSH2 and iSH2 domains, increases signaling through the PI3K pathway and promotes tumorigenesis of primary normal human astrocytes in an orthotopic xenograft model. Furthermore, we show that cells that are dependent on mutant P85α-mediated PI3K signaling exhibit increased sensitivity to a small molecule inhibitor of AKT. Together, these results suggest that GBM patients whose tumors carry mutant PIK3R1 alleles may benefit from treatment with inhibitors of AKT.
Parametric Investigation of Magnetic Particle Transport for Targeted Drug Delivery Applications (2011)

In recent years, there has been significant clinical and research interest in magnetic drug targeting (MDT). MDT allows the targeted delivery of drugs only to the affected sites, alleviating the rest of the body from the potential toxic or other side effects of the drug. The underlying concept of MDT is to attach drugs to small magnetic particles which can then be manipulated by a magnetic field designed to attract the drug carrying particles to the target site [1]. This will lead to increasing localized accumulation of the drug at the target site. MDT can have great implications on pharmaceutical treatments, ranging from oncology to cardiology and beyond [2, 3].
Molecular dynamics simulations of coherent optical photon emission from shock waves in crystals (2007)

We have previously predicted that coherent electromagnetic radiation in the $1--100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{THz}$ frequency range can be generated in crystalline polarizable materials when subject to a shock wave or solitonlike propagating excitation [E. J. Reed et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 013904 (2006)]. In this work, we present analysis and molecular dynamics simulations of shock waves in crystalline NaCl which expand upon this prediction. We demonstrate that the coherent polarization currents responsible for the effect are generated by a nonresonant, nonlinear effect that occurs at the shock front. We consider the effect of thermal noise and various shock pressures on the coherent polarization currents and find that the amplitude generally increases with increasing shock pressure and decreasing material temperature. Finally, we present calculations of the amplitude and distribution of emitted radiation showing that the radiation can be directed or undirected under various realistic conditions of the shape of the shock front.
Active Annotation: bootstrapping annotation lexicon and guidelines for\n supervised NLU learning (2019)

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) models are typically trained in a\nsupervised learning framework. In the case of intent classification, the\npredicted labels are predefined and based on the designed annotation schema\nwhile the labelling process is based on a laborious task where annotators\nmanually inspect each utterance and assign the corresponding label. We propose\nan Active Annotation (AA) approach where we combine an unsupervised learning\nmethod in the embedding space, a human-in-the-loop verification process, and\nlinguistic insights to create lexicons that can be open categories and adapted\nover time. In particular, annotators define the y-label space on-the-fly during\nthe annotation using an iterative process and without the need for prior\nknowledge about the input data. We evaluate the proposed annotation paradigm in\na real use-case NLU scenario. Results show that our Active Annotation paradigm\nachieves accurate and higher quality training data, with an annotation speed of\nan order of magnitude higher with respect to the traditional human-only driven\nbaseline annotation methodology.\n
3,3′-Bithiophene-Based Chiral Bisphosphine Oxides as Organocatalysts in Silicon-Derived Lewis Acid Mediated Reactions (2020)

This account summarizes the development of new biheteroaromatic chiral bisphosphine oxides. 3,3′-Bithiophene-based phosphine oxides (BITIOPOs) have been successfully used as organocatalysts to promote Lewis base catalyzed, Lewis acid mediated stereoselective transformations. These highly electron-rich compounds, in combination with trichorosilyl derivatives (allyltrichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride), generate hypervalent silicon species that act as chiral Lewis acids in highly diastereo- and enantioselective organic reactions. Several relevant examples related to these applications are discussed in detail. 1 Introduction 2 The BITIOPO Family 3 Enantioselective Opening of Epoxides 4 Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes 5 Stereoselective Direct (Double) Aldol-Type Reaction with Ketones 6 Stereoselective Direct Aldol-Type Reaction with Ester Derivatives 7 Conclusions
Activatable Fluorescence Imaging of Macrophages in Cerebral Aneurysms Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugated With Indocyanine Green (2020)

NIRF imaging using an activatable IONP-ICG probe is feasible for detecting the macrophage-rich regions in CAs and the cerebral artery wall, which is considered an early lesion in the process of CA formation.
Towards Understanding and Mitigating Social Biases in Language Models (2021)

As machine learning methods are deployed in real-world settings such as healthcare, legal systems, and social science, it is crucial to recognize how they shape social biases and stereotypes in these sensitive decision-making processes. Among such real-world deployments are large-scale pretrained language models (LMs) that can be potentially dangerous in manifesting undesirable representational biases - harmful biases resulting from stereotyping that propagate negative generalizations involving gender, race, religion, and other social constructs. As a step towards improving the fairness of LMs, we carefully define several sources of representational biases before proposing new benchmarks and metrics to measure them. With these tools, we propose steps towards mitigating social biases during text generation. Our empirical results and human evaluation demonstrate effectiveness in mitigating bias while retaining crucial contextual information for high-fidelity text generation, thereby pushing forward the performance-fairness Pareto frontier.
The design and implementation of WiMAX module for ns-2 simulator (2006)

The network simulator 2 (ns-2) is a popular and powerful simulation tool for the simulation of packet-switched networks, which provides substantial support for simulation of TCP, routing, and MAC protocols over wired and wireless networks, such as wireless LANs, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and satellite communications, etc, and is widely used in both academia and industry. Although many protocol modules have been implemented in the ns-2, the IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access networks (BWANs) or WiMAX module has not been contributed yet. Thus, in this paper, we present our detailed design and implementation of the WiMAX module based on the IEEE 802.16 standard with the point-to-multipoint (PMP) mode for the ns-2. The implemented module comprises fundamental functions of the service-specific convergence sublayer (CS), the MAC common part sublayer (CPS), and the PHY layer. A simple call admission control (CAC) mechanism and the scheduler are also included in this module.
Specialized acoustic models for hyperarticulated speech (2002)

This study aims to improve the performance of automatic speech recognizers at hyperarticulated speech. Hyperarticulation often occur as a strategy to recover previous recognition errors in spoken dialogue systems. Contrary to this intention a significant performance degradation can be observed at hyperarticulation. In this paper we present an analysis of features that caused the performance loss. The average phone duration is nearby 20% longer. Pitch contour and fundamental frequency change significantly at hyperarticulation. We report on adapting acoustic and transition models to hyperarticulated speech. We achieved a word error reduction about 23% at hyperarticulation.
Role of recombinant interleukin-1 compared to recombinant T-cell replacing factor/interleukin-5 in B-cell differentiation. (1988)

The B-cell differentiation-inducing activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1) was compared with that of T-cell replacing factor (TRF)/interleukin-5 (IL-5), which was originally described as a late-acting B-cell differentiation-inducing factor. Human recombinant IL-1 and murine recombinant TRF/IL-5 were used in this study. Purified B cells from non-primed or antigen-primed mice, LPS-stimulated B-cell blasts, and chronic B-cell leukaemia (BCL1) cells were used as the responding B-cell population. Addition of IL-1 to the culture of normal B-cells and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) induced a dose-dependent anti-SRBC IgM response, with maximal response at 100 U/ml, whereas the response induced by TRF/IL-5 was less than that induced by IL-1 and did not reach the maximum even at 100 U/ml. Addition of anti-IL-1 antibody, but not anti-TRF/IL-5 antibody or anti-IL-2 receptor antibody, inhibited IL-1-induced anti-SRBC responses. Depletion of cells adherent to Sephadex beads from splenic B cells showed no significant effect on the magnitude of the total responses. IL-1 could induce little, if any, differentiation in antigen-primed B cells, LPS-stimulated B-cell blasts, or BCL1 cells into antibody-secreting cells, whereas differentiation could be induced by low doses of TRF/IL-5 (1-2 U/ml). Of great interest is that suboptimal doses of IL-1 (10 U/ml) could synergize with TRF in the primary anti-SRBC PFC responses. Kinetic studies revealed that IL-1 acts on B cells for the first 2 days and TRF/IL-5 for the last 3 days in 5-day cultures of B cells. These results suggest that IL-1 acts primarily on resting B cells as a differentiation-inducing factor in the presence of antigen, and also acts as a 'priming' factor for TRF/IL-5.
Nonlinear consensus+innovations under correlated heavy-tailed noises: Mean square convergence rate and asymptotics (2022)

We consider distributed recursive estimation of consensus+innovations type in the presence of heavy-tailed sensing and communication noises. We allow that the sensing and communication noises are mutually correlated while independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) in time, and that they may both have infinite moments of order higher than one (hence having infinite variances). Such heavy-tailed, infinite-variance noises are highly relevant in practice and are shown to occur, e.g., in dense internet of things (IoT) deployments. We develop a consensus+innovations distributed estimator that employs a general nonlinearity in both consensus and innovations steps to combat the noise. We establish the estimator's almost sure convergence, asymptotic normality, and mean squared error (MSE) convergence. Moreover, we establish and explicitly quantify for the estimator a sublinear MSE convergence rate. We then quantify through analytical examples the effects of the nonlinearity choices and the noises correlation on the system performance. Finally, numerical examples corroborate our findings and verify that the proposed method works in the simultaneous heavy-tail communication-sensing noise setting, while existing methods fail under the same noise conditions.
Nerve Entrapment in the Foot and Ankle of an Athlete (2001)

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review helps physicians digest the large volume of clinical literature in sports medicine and arthroscopy, identify the most important new developments, and apply new information effectively in clinical practice. Each issue is guest-edited by an acknowledged expert and focuses on a single topic or controversy. The Guest Editor invites the leading specialists on the topic to write review articles that highlight the most important advances. This unique format makes the journal more in-depth, authoritative, and practical than most publications in this field. The journal also includes dozens of full-color and black-and-white arthroscopic images and illustrations.
Displacement affinity chromatography of protein phosphatase one (PP1) complexes (2008)

This modification of the microcystin-Sepharose technique offers an effective means of purifying novel PP1 regulatory subunits and associated proteins and provides a simple method to uncover a link between PP1 and additional cellular processes.
Near-Infrared Optical Imaging of Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers In Vivo (2012)

Noninvasive, real-time optical imaging methods are well suited to follow the in vivo distribution of nucleic acid nanocarriers, their dissociation and the resulting gene expression or inhibition. Indeed, most small animal imaging devices are performing bioluminescence and fluorescence measurements without moving the animal, allowing a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method of investigation of several parameters at a time, in longitudinal experiments that can last for days or weeks.Here we help the reader in choosing adapted near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores or pairs of fluorophores for FRET assays, imaging of reporter genes as well as nanocarriers for in vivo gene and siRNA delivery. In addition, we present the labeling methods of these macromolecules, and of their payload and the protocols to detect them using bioluminescence and NIR fluorescence imaging in mice.
Quasi-orthogonal supersets (2011)

A quasi-orthogonal (QO) set of sequences is a union of a number of different orthogonal sets of sequences, where all the sequences are of the same length and energy, such that the absolute value of the inner product of any two sequences belonging to the different orthogonal sets is much less than the energy of the sequences. In this paper we present several supersets of QO sequences, each being a union of an existing QO set and a number of new QO sets obtained through the unique transformations of the existing QO set. Three interesting specific QO supersets are considered, based on the QO sets of quadratic polynomial phase sequences transformed through the signature sequences such as: the higher-degree polynomial phase sequences, the Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequences (in particular, the Björck sequences), and m-sequences.