gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
16.7 A 40-310TOPS/W SRAM-Based All-Digital Up to 4b In-Memory Computing Multi-Tiled NN Accelerator in FD-SOI 18nm for Deep-Learning Edge Applications (2023)

In-memory computing (IMC) has been proposed to address compute-intensive data-driven AI workloads, using either SRAM or emerging memory technologies such as PCM, RRAM, and MRAM offering different trade-offs when used as an integrated computing device at the system level. A notable distinction is between digital vs. analog IMC. The latter uses either resistive or capacitive sharing techniques to maximize row parallelism, but at the expense of inaccuracies and accumulation resolution loss due to device variations across PVT and the limited SNR and dynamic range of the ADC/readout circuits. Most of the analog SRAM IMC solutions make use of large logic bit cells and aggressive ADC/readout bitwidth reduction leading to low memory density and computing inaccuracy. These drawbacks significantly limit deployment when functional safety, low-cost testing and system scalability to handle general-purpose workloads are required. In contrast, the deterministic behavior of digital IMC, and compatibility with pushed technology scaling rules offer a fast path for the next generation of neural processing systems. However, the integration of IMC into a Neural Processing Unit (NPU) must retain a mix of computing capabilities, while aiming at a substantial improvement in terms of power and cost efficiency. In this work, we present the architecture of a scalable and design time parametric NPU for edge AI relying on digital SRAM IMC (DIMC) using 8T standard bitcells integrated into IMC tiles supporting 1, 2, and 4b operation (a version with 8b support is in the works), instantiated in multiple clusters with digital logic and driven by a custom tensor slicing optimizing graph compiler, achieving an end-to-end system-level energy efficiency from 40–31 OTOPS/W in 18nm FD-SOI.
An improved low delay inter frame coding using template matching averaging (2010)

This paper presents an efficient forward inter prediction method for video coding, targeting at low delay applications. The method applies the idea of template matching averaging (TMA) to the conventional motion compensated prediction (MCP). TMA forms the final predictor of a target block by averaging multiple numbers of candidates. While one of the candidate is specified by a motion vector, the remaining candidates are obtained based on the minimal matching error of a group of reconstructed pixels surrounding the target block, i.e., the template, against the reference frames. In this manner, additional predictors can be obtained without using explicit motion vector. In addition, the averaging of multiple predictors reduces coding noise residing in each of the predictors and hence contributes to improving the prediction efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves coding efficiency up to 4.5%, over the conventional MCP, without incurring coding delay due to backward prediction.
Catalyst‐Controlled Stereoselective Olefin Metathesis as a Principal Strategy in Multistep Synthesis Design: A Concise Route to (+)‐Neopeltolide (2014)

Molybdenum-, tungsten-, and ruthenium-based complexes that control the stereochemical outcome of olefin metathesis reactions have been recently introduced. However, the complementary nature of these systems through their combined use in multistep complex molecule synthesis has not been illustrated. A concise diastereo- and enantioselective route that furnishes the anti-proliferative natural product neopeltolide is now disclosed. Catalytic transformations are employed to address every stereochemical issue. Among the featured processes are an enantioselective ring-opening/cross-metathesis promoted by a Mo monoaryloxide pyrrolide (MAP) complex and a macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis that affords a trisubstituted alkene and is catalyzed by a Mo bis(aryloxide) species. Furthermore, Z-selective cross-metathesis reactions, facilitated by Mo and Ru complexes, have been employed in the stereoselective synthesis of the acyclic dienyl moiety of the target molecule.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed [5 + 2] Cycloadditions of Allenes and Vinylcyclopropanes: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Dictamnol. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance of Beamwidth Constrained Linear Array Synthesis Techniques Using Novel Evolutionary Computing Tools (2018)

Antenna array synthesis for desired radiation characteristics is a challenging field of research in electromagnetics. When an array synthesis problem is visualized as an optimization problem several design parameters involved in synthesis process are considered as degrees of freedom. Every combination of design parameters forms a synthesis technique. In this paper,\ncertain emphasis is given to analyse the techniques of linear array (LA) design using evolutionary computing tools. Novel computing tools like Flower Pollination Algorithm is used for LA synthesis using different degrees of freedom and compared with a conventional Tchebycheff method. Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) is also employed to study the\nconsistency of the technique with the employed computing tool. Radiation patterns are generated with optimized SLL and Tchebycheff beamwidth constraint.
Structure of Trimethyldioxorhenium, (CH3)3ReO2, As Studied by Spectroscopic Methods, Gas Electron Diffraction, and Density Functional Theory Calculations. Tilted Methyl Groups:  Agostic C−H···M Interactions or Bent M−C Bonds? (1999)

The structural model of the trimethyldioxorhenium molecule, Me3ReO2 (1), has been revised on the basis of analysis of its 1H, 13C, and 17O NMR and vibrational spectra and of its gas electron diffraction (GED) pattern. The results are consistent with the molecular symmetry Cs; in the new model both oxo ligands together with one methyl group are located in the equatorial plane of a distorted trigonal bipyramid. Structure optimization by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and least-squares refinement to the GED data yield the valence angles (calc/expt; eq = equatorial; ax = axial; av = average) ∠CeqReO = 118.0/118.5(10)° and ∠CeqReCax = 74.3/73.5(11)°. The pseudoaxial Re−C bond distance is found to be shorter than the equatorial one, viz., Re−Cax = 2.130/2.122(6) Å versus Re−Ceq = 2.193/2.199(22) Å, and ReOav = 1.739/1.703(3) Å. It is suggested that the distortion from trigonal bipyramidal to edge-bridged tetrahedral coordination geometry is driven by the need for the axial C atoms to achieve optimal overlap with both the dz2 and dyz orbitals on the Re atom. The DFT calculations indicate that the axial methyl groups are tilted in such a manner that the ∠ReCH valence angles in the ReC3 plane are reduced to 100.8°. It is suggested that this tilting is due in part to bent Re−Cax bonds and in part to weak C−H···Re agostic interactions.
Age‐Related Differences in Cisplatin‐Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats (2008)

A multi‐age rat model was developed and utilized to examine potential age‐dependent differences in drug‐induced renal toxicity caused by cisplatin. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (10‐, 25‐, 40‐, and 80‐days‐old) were dosed with 0, 1, 3 and 6 mg/kg i.p. cisplatin (cip). The high dose of cip (6 mg/kg) caused: decreased body weight (all ages); decreased kidney weight/body weight (80‐days‐old); moderate to severe renal lesions (tubular necrosis and apoptosis) (all ages except 25‐days‐old); significantly increased serum BUN and creatinine levels (80‐ and 40‐days‐old). This dose also caused increases in the urinary level of the renal biomarkers: kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1), renal papillary antigen‐1 (RPA‐1) and N‐acetyl‐beta‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) in 40‐ (72 hrs) and 80‐ (48 and 72 hrs) day‐old rats; increases only in NAG and RPA‐1 occurred in 25‐day‐old rats (72 hrs). Significant increases in the gene expression levels of 4 nephrotoxicity biomarkers (Kim‐1, Spp1, Lcn2, Clu) were detected in the kidneys from all age groups (except for 25‐days‐old) treated with 6 mg/kg cip. In addition, similar gene expression levels were observed in 40‐ and 80‐day‐old rats given 3 mg/kg cip. Glucosuria and hydroxyprolinuria were detected on day 2 and 3 in 40‐ and 80‐day‐old rats. These findings indicate that certain biomarkers can help identify these age‐related differences in susceptibility.
Observation of the decay B+→ψ(2S)ϕ(1020)K+ in pp collisions at s=8TeV (2016)

The decay B + (2S)(1020)K + is observed for the first time using data collected from pp collisions at s = 8 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb -1 . The branching fraction of this decay is measured, using the mode B + (2S)K + as normalization, to be (4.0 0.4 (stat) 0.6 (syst) 0.2 (B)) 10 -6 , where the third uncertainty is from the measured branching fraction of the normalization channel.
Effects of Porous Gap Fillers on 30P30N Leading-Edge Slat Noise. Part I: Surface Pressure and Acoustics (2022)

The leading edge slat of a high-lift system is one of the main contributors to airframe noise during approach. In a previous experimental study, we assessed the performance of an impermeable slat gap filler as a passive flow control device to reduce the slat noise associated with a two-dimensional, three-element high-lift airfoil. The present paper, the first of two parts, represents a follow-on investigation to assess the relative efficacy of permeable gap fillers that allow successively higher amounts of flow to pass through the gap. To evaluate the influence of this passive flow control device on the acoustics generated by the unsteady flow near the slat, experiments are conducted in an anechoic wind tunnel by mounting a gap filler to the slat element of the two-dimensional 30P30N high-lift configuration. Measurements are performed at a single geometric angle of attack (8-degree) and three different flow speeds that correspond to Reynolds numbers of Re_c = 1.2x10^6, 1.5x10^6, and 1.71x10^6, respectively. Steady surface pressure measurements are used to gauge the influence of the permeable gap filler treatments on the overall lift. The effect of each treatment on the radiated noise is analyzed via acoustic array measurements, followed by delay-and-sum beamforming to locate the slat noise sources and to provide the integrated acoustic spectra. The porous gap fillers are found to eliminate the narrowband peaks in the acoustic spectra and, also, to yield a 10 dB reduction in the broadband noise in comparison with the baseline case with no gap filler. The porous gap filler with the lowest permeability acts similar to the impermeable gap filler examined previously. However, the aerodynamics and noise reduction both degrade with increasing permeability. An accompanying paper describes the particle image velocimetry measurements of the flowfield within the slat cove and on either side of the permeable gap filler.
What is hardware security? (2010)

Historically, the dominant technological and application trends have had a direct impact on the key integrated circuits design metrics. In the 70s, the silicon area was a scarce and expensive commodity. Therefore, development of techniques such as hardware sharing and design simplification was of prime importance. In the 80s, the premier design metrics was the speed of computation while in the 90s, the quest for power and energy optimization emerged. Initially, the emphasis was on minimizing the switching power but the focus has gradually moved towards minimizing the leakage energy.
Effect of Melt Processing on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Length (2019)

No AccessProcessing of Polymer NanocompositesApr 2019Effect of Melt Processing on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube LengthBrian GradyBrian GradySearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906361.005SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2019Pages: 157-169Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-635-4eISBN: 978-1-56990-636-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2019 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Effective mass enhancement of two-dimensional electrons in a one-dimensional superlattice potential (2000)

We report effective mass enhancement of two-dimensional (2D) electrons in an atomically precise one-dimensional AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice potential fabricated by the cleaved-edge overgrowth technique. Magnetotransport measurements reveal that the mobility of the 2D electrons increases with electron density n2D. At low densities (n2D∼1.3×1011 cm−2), the effective mass m* of the 2D electrons is 0.14 me, where me is the free-electron mass. This value of 0.14 me is twice the effective mass of electrons in GaAs (0.067 me). m* increases with n2D and is ∼0.16 me at 2.7×1011 cm−2. We explain these results based on the formation of energy minibands along the superlattice direction. The electron scattering time τ is calculated from the mobility and effective mass data. At 0.3 K, τ increases with n2D from 5 to 11 ps as n2D is varied from 1.1×1011 to 2.7×1011 cm−2.
Optimal design of EMI filters for single-phase boost PFC circuits (2012)

Mains-connected boost power factor correction (PFC) circuits are employed in order to meet EMI standards. The EMI filter together with the boost inductor has to attenuate the high frequency (HF) voltage component to the mains side of the converter. In this paper, it is shown on the example of a single-phase PFC rectifier with nominal power P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> = 1:5kW, mains frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mains</sub> = 50 Hz, DC voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DC</sub> = 400V, and mains voltage v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mains</sub> = 230V how the switching frequency and the relative ripple of the boost inductor current affect the filter and boost inductor volume and losses. With it, the optimum switching frequency and ratio of the ripple and fundamental current amplitude with respect to volume and losses is found.
A hybrid Photonic Crystal−based semiconductor Bragg mirror: A low loss functional mirror for high−Q external cavity lasers (2013)

International audience
Network-based identification and pharmacological targeting of host cell master regulators induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021)

Precise characterization and targeting of host cell transcriptional machinery hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 remains challenging. To identify therapeutically targetable mechanisms that are critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection, here we elucidated the Master Regulator (MR) proteins representing mechanistic determinants of the gene expression signature induced by SARS-CoV-2. The analysis revealed coordinated inactivation of MR-proteins linked to regulatory programs potentiating efficiency of viral replication ( detrimental host MR-signature ) and activation of MR-proteins governing innate immune response programs ( beneficial MR-signature ). To identify MR-inverting compounds capable of rescuing activity of inactivated host MR-proteins, with-out adversely affecting the beneficial MR-signature, we developed the ViroTreat algorithm. Overall, &gt;80% of drugs predicted to be effective by this methodology induced significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection, without affecting cell viability. ViroTreat is fully generalizable and can be extended to identify drugs targeting the host cell-based MR signatures induced by virtually any pathogen.
Analysis of the Internal Configurations of Droplets of Liquid Crystal Using Flow Cytometry (2013)

We report the use of flow cytometry to identify the internal ordering (director configurations) of micrometer-sized droplets of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs) dispersed in aqueous solutions of adsorbates (surfactants and phospholipids). We reveal that changes in the configurations of the LC droplets induced by the adsorbates generate distinct changes in light scattering plots (side versus forward scattering). Specifically, when compared to bipolar droplets, radial droplets generate a narrower distribution of side scattering intensities (SSC, large angle light scattering) for a given intensity of forward scattering (FSC, small angle light scattering). This difference is shown to arise from the rotational symmetry of a radial LC droplet which is absent for the bipolar configuration of the LC droplet. In addition, the scatter plots for radial droplets possess a characteristic "S-shape", with two or more SSC intensities observed for each intensity of FSC. The origin of the experimentally observed S-shape is investigated via calculation of form factors and established to be due to size-dependent interference effects that differ for the forward and side scattered light. Finally, by analyzing emulsions composed of mixtures of bipolar and radial droplets at rates of up to 10,000 droplets per second, we demonstrate that flow cytometry permits precise determination of the percentage of radial droplets within the mixture with a coefficient of determination of 0.98 (as validated by optical microscopy). Overall, the results presented in this paper demonstrate that flow cytometry provides a promising approach for high throughput quantification of the internal configurations of LC emulsion microdroplets. Because large numbers of droplets can be characterized, it enables statistically robust analyses of LC droplets. The methodology also appears promising for quantification of chemical and biological assays based on adsorbate-induced ordering transitions within LC droplets.
Transcriptomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma reveals molecular features of disease progression and tumor immune biology (2018)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in the context of chronic inflammatory liver disease and has an extremely poor prognosis. An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment may contribute to therapeutic failure in metastatic HCC. Here, we identified unique molecular signatures pertaining to HCC disease progression and tumor immunity by analyzing genome-wide RNA-Seq data derived from HCC patient tumors and non-tumor cirrhotic tissues. Unsupervised clustering of gene expression data revealed a gradual suppression of local tumor immunity that coincided with disease progression, indicating an increasingly immunosuppressive tumor environment during HCC disease advancement. IHC examination of the spatial distribution of CD8+ T cells in tumors revealed distinct intra- and peri-tumoral subsets. Differential gene expression analysis revealed an 85-gene signature that was significantly upregulated in the peri-tumoral CD8+ T cell-excluded tumors. Notably, this signature was highly enriched with components of underlying extracellular matrix, fibrosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further analysis condensed this signature to a core set of 23 genes that are associated with CD8+ T cell localization, and were prospectively validated in an independent cohort of HCC specimens. These findings suggest a potential association between elevated fibrosis, possibly modulated by TGF-β, PDGFR, SHH or Notch pathway, and the T cell-excluded immune phenotype. Indeed, targeting fibrosis using a TGF-β neutralizing antibody in the STAM™ model of murine HCC, we found that ameliorating the fibrotic environment could facilitate redistribution of CD8+ lymphocytes into tumors. Our results provide a strong rationale for utilizing immunotherapies in HCC earlier during treatment, potentially in combination with anti-fibrotic therapies.
The sequences of two peptides from cataract lenses suggest they arise by deamidation (1990)

Polyclonal antisera made against synthetic peptides corresponding to expected tryptic fragments of gamma crystallin have been used to screen tryptic digests of total proteins from cataractous versus normal human lenses. One of these antisera recognizes two peptides that were found in greater amounts from digests of cataractous lenses. These two peptides shared a common sequence that contained an aspartate residue in place of an expected asparagine, suggesting that increased deamidation of this residue had occurred in the human cataractous lens in vivo.
Method for localized deposition of noble metal catalysts with control of morphology (2023)

A combustible gas sensor that uses a resistively heated, noble metal-coated, micromachined polycrystalline Si filament to calorimetrically detect the presence and concentration of combustible gases. A thin catalytic Pt film was deposited by CVD from the precursor Pt(acac).sub.2 onto microfilaments resistively heated to approximately 500 .degree. C.; Pt deposits only on the hot filament. The filaments tested to date are 2 .mu.m thick .times.10 .mu.m wide .times.100, 250, 500, or 1000 .mu.m-long polycrystalline Si; some are overcoated with a 0.25 .mu.m-thick protective CVD Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 layer.
Nanorods of LiF:Mg,Cu,P as Detectors for Mixed Field Radiations (2008)

Nanocrystalline powder of LiF: Mg,Cu,P phosphor has been synthesized by the chemical coprecipitation technique. Shape and size of these nanomaterials were observed by transmission electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The particles are of rod shapes having diameters from 50 to 80 nm and lengths varying within the range 0.4-0.7 mum. Pellets of these nanorods were irradiated by 48 MeV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> Li <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ions at different fluences in the range 1times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> -1times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> ions/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (with corresponding doses in the range 0.679-679 kGy) and their thermoluminescence (TL) properties have been studied. The TL glow curves are observed to have prominent peaks at around 588 K along with smaller one at around 410 K. The TL intensity of the former is found to increase with increasing the fluence, while that of the latter decreases. These behaviors are in contrast with those of the peaks induced by <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs gamma-rays. This modification in case of irradiation by ion beam has been attributed to the change in population of the luminescent/trapping centers due to the use of highly energetic ions. From these results, it is suggested that the nanorods of LiF:Mg,Cu,P might be used as detectors for mixed fields radiations such as space radiations.