gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dialysis Delivery and Adequacy (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Kinetic modeling Dialysis delivery eKt/V and spKt/V Dialysis dosing target Impact of residual renal urea clearance on eKt/V and estimated nPCR Standard Kt/V Use of approximation equations The NCDS and HEMO studies Dialysis adequacy: current recommendations The Frequent Hemodialysis Network trial References
Data from TRK xDFG Mutations Trigger a Sensitivity Switch from Type I to II Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;On-target resistance to next-generation TRK inhibitors in TRK fusion–positive cancers is largely uncharacterized. In patients with these tumors, we found that TRK xDFG mutations confer resistance to type I next-generation TRK inhibitors designed to maintain potency against several kinase domain mutations. Computational modeling and biochemical assays showed that TRKA&lt;sup&gt;G667&lt;/sup&gt; and TRKC&lt;sup&gt;G696&lt;/sup&gt; xDFG substitutions reduce drug binding by generating steric hindrance. Concurrently, these mutations stabilize the inactive (DFG-out) conformations of the kinases, thus sensitizing these kinases to type II TRK inhibitors. Consistently, type II inhibitors impede the growth and TRK-mediated signaling of xDFG-mutant isogenic and patient-derived models. Collectively, these data demonstrate that adaptive conformational resistance can be abrogated by shifting kinase engagement modes. Given the prior identification of paralogous xDFG resistance mutations in other oncogene-addicted cancers, these findings provide insights into rational type II drug design by leveraging inhibitor class affinity switching to address recalcitrant resistant alterations.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;In TRK fusion–positive cancers, TRK xDFG substitutions represent a shared liability for type I TRK inhibitors. In contrast, they represent a potential biomarker of type II TRK inhibitor activity. As all currently available type II agents are multikinase inhibitors, rational drug design should focus on selective type II inhibitor creation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Clinical utility of intraoperative arterial spin labeling for resection control in brain tumor surgery at 3 T (2023)

Resection control in brain tumor surgery can be achieved in real time with intraoperative MRI (iMRI). Arterial spin labeling (ASL), a technique that measures cerebral blood flow (CBF) non-invasively without the use of intravenous contrast agents, can be performed intraoperatively, providing morpho-physiological information. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, image quality and potential to depict residual tumor of a pseudo-continuous ASL (PCASL) sequence at 3 T. Seventeen patients with brain tumors, primary (16) or metastatic (1), undergoing resection surgery with iMRI monitoring, were prospectively recruited (nine men, age 56 ± 16.6 years). A PCASL sequence with long labeling duration (3000 ms) and postlabeling delay (2000 ms) was added to the conventional protocol, which consisted of pre- and postcontrast 3D T<sub>1</sub> -weighted (T1w) images, optional 3D-FLAIR, and diffusion. Three observers independently assessed the image quality (four-point scale) of PCASL-derived CBF maps. In those with diagnostic quality (Scores 2-4) they evaluated the presence of residual tumor using the conventional sequences first, and the CBF maps afterwards (three-point scale). Inter-observer agreement for image quality and the presence of residual tumor was assessed using Fleiss kappa statistics. The intraoperative CBF ratio of the surgical margins (i.e., perilesional CBF values normalized to contralateral gray matter CBF) was compared with preoperative CBF ratio within the tumor (Wilcoxon's test). Diagnostic ASL image quality was observed in 94.1% of patients (interobserver Fleiss κ = 0.76). PCASL showed additional foci suggestive of high-grade residual component in three patients, and a hyperperfused area extending outside the enhancing component in one patient. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect in the evaluation of residual tumor with the conventional sequences (Fleiss κ = 0.92) and substantial for PCASL (Fleiss κ = 0.80). No significant differences were found between pre and intraoperative CBF ratios (p = 0.578) in patients with residual tumor (n = 7). iMRI-PCASL perfusion is feasible at 3 T and is useful for the intraoperative assessment of residual tumor, providing in some cases additional information to the conventional sequences.
Technologies to improve ion propulsion system performance, life and efficiency for NEP (2003)

In this paper we present ion thruster design concepts created using the new computer codes that model performance limiting and erosion mechanisms. Presently, the codes model extraction grid ion optics and both discharge and neutralizer hollow cathodes.
Purification and Characterization of Phycobiliproteins from Edible Cyanobacterium Nostochopsis sp. (2012)

Phycobiliproteins were purified and characterized from an edible cyanobacterium, Nostochopsis sp. C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin were simultaneously purified by about 3.9- and 4.3-fold to provide yields of 23 and 29%, respectively, from cell extracts using simple purification steps, such as ammonium sulfate fractionation and anion exchange chromatography. The purified preparation was eluted as a single peak with an apparent molecular mass of 117.0 kDa during a gel filtration. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified preparation yielded a single protein band in the absence of SDS, but in the presence of SDS, three protein bands with apparent molecular masses of 18.5, 16.5 and 15.5 kDa were formed. These results suggest that the purified preparation consists of C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, both of which were strongly associated with one another during purification. Furthermore, the purified Nostochopsis preparation (1 mg·mL-1) showed considerable antioxidant capacity (11.6 μmol·L-1 trolox equivalent), which was similar to that (10.5 μmol·L-1 trolox equivalent) of Spirulina C-phycocyanin.
Super-resolving nonlinear fluorescence microscopy with pump–probe setup using repetitive stimulated transition (2017)

Super-resolving nonlinear fluorescence microscopy with a pump–probe setup that utilizes repetitive stimulated absorption and stimulated emission caused by two-color beams was developed. The resulting nonlinear fluorescence that undergoes such a repetitive stimulated transition is detectable as a signal via the lock-in technique. The signal is produced by a multiplicative combination of incident beams, which leads to an improvement of the optical resolution. A phenomenological interpretation of the nonlinear fluorescence process that offers estimation of signal properties is provided with rate equations. The proposed method is demonstrated to provide the scalability of the optical resolution.
Hop drying in Continental Title of Chapter Europe (2021)

Each hop growing and drying country in Europe had its own character and distinct hop drying buildings. Poperinge on the Belgian-French border the main centre for Flanders. Small inset kilns, the oast design taken up in England, remained the norm in Flanders with many surviving examples. The story of hops in Alsace and Burgundy recounted. Multi-storied, timber-framed buildings in Bavaria were the normal method of drying with natural draught, not fires. Major expansion in the 19<sup>th</sup>-20<sup>th</sup> centuries in Bavaria and Bohemia � Czech Republic
High resolution mapping of nonlinear MHz ultrasonic fields using a scanned scatterer (2004)

We show that a 2 MHz HIFU field can be measured in water and with high spatial resolution by placing a small scatterer in the field and sensing the scattered wave. We use a bistatic configuration placing a hydrophone at a safe distance. Glass and steel tips are fabricated using simple techniques and evaluated. Tapered tip geometry proves to be mechanically robust and not prone to internal resonance or scattering from other sites than the tip. Glass proves to be superior to polished carbide steel in its ability to delay the initiation of cavitation, and relatively easy to manufacture using common pipette drawing technology. In our tests, a highly nonlinear 2 MHz HIFU field is mapped in degassed water with a 0.1 mm glass tip. The fundamental, 2/sup nd/, 3/sup rd/, and 4/sup th/ harmonics are mapped with at least 25 dB dynamic range and are comparable with numerical results. Numerical simulations for nonlinear fields in water are obtained using a well established KZK equation based calculation.
Diffusion of Ion Implanted Elements in Silicon by TEM And SIMS (2000)

Abstract With the need to introduce new materials and processes to the semiconductor fabrication process, there is a great need to understand the diffusion of a large number of elements in silicon. To this end, a systematic SIMS study was done for implanted elements with subsequent annealing. There is a surprising lack of earlier work on many of the elements of the periodic table and the work that was done did not involve the additional effects of ion implantation. The recent SIMS results allow the diffusion of the many elements to be categorized into several groups. These effects range from elements that do not appear to move substantially upon annealing, rapid diffusion to the surface, and formation of various peaks in the concentration profile. Based on the SIMS results, we have used TEM to study the microstructure and composition of subset of the implants. The figure below shows the SIMS and TEM results for a Chromium implant.
Assessing Dietary Intake Report Validity and Compliance Within in a Mediterranean Diet Intervention Among U.S Firefighters (FS10-03-19) (2019)

Collecting dietary intake data is associated with challenges due to the subjective nature of self–administered instruments. In contrast, biomarkers of food intake can objectively estimate the consumption of specific dietary items or help assess compliance in intervention studies without self-reporting bias. Our aim was to evaluate urine and plasma biomarkers to assess compliance with a Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention and the validity of a modified Mediterranean Diet Scale (mMDS) among firefighters Feeding America’s Bravest is a MD cluster-randomized control trial among the 44 fire stations of the Indianapolis Fire Department. In this pilot study we randomly selected a subgroup of participants (n = 48) that had been assigned to a MD intervention (n = 24) or a control group (n = 24) for a 12-month period (the baseline for this study). The participants in the control group cross-over to the intervention for another 6 months and participants in the intervention stayed in a self-sustained-phased. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), mMDS and lifestyle information, urine (tyrosol and hydroxityrosol) and 40 plasma fatty acid (including oleic acid, ω-3, ω-6) and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed at both time points. Linear, t-tests, and spearman regression coefficients were calculated using SAS software. mMDS derived from the FFQ was highly correlated with the mMDS (ρ = 0.74). After 6 months intervention plasma saturated fatty acid decreased in both groups (control- at baseline: mean difference −1.3 ± 1.7; P = 0.002; and Intervention at baseline: −1.12 ± 1.90; P = 0.014) and oleic acid improved in the intervention (P = 0.013). There was a significant positive linear association between spoons of olive oil consumed and the urine hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol after 6 months (R2 = 0.27; P = 0.039) after adjusting by group. Plasma ω-3 was inversely associated with red and processed meats (P = 0.045) and positively associated with mMDS (P = 0.021) In this MD randomized control trial, key plasma and urine biomarkers such as ω-3 or tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol were associated with key MD diet components (e.g., olive oil) and the overall mMDS. This helps support the validity of the mMDS questionnaire as well as compliance of the intervention. Future analysis will elucidate if that translates to health benefits. EMW-2014-FP-00612, US Department of Homeland Security. Research Innovation Grant College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University Ohio University Research Council
Reservatórios delgados agrupados por redes neurais em dados sísmicos 3D (2003)

Neural networks are applied to identify seismic structures simulated from real thin deep-water reservoirs. They help also to isolate seismic interferences of primary and secondary events that are not related to a desired reservoir mapping. Using different seismic attributes and two statistical data properties, channels, sand lobes and spills are discriminated and their possible 3D connections enhanced along the seismic volumes.
Anion conducting multiblock copolymers with multiple head-groups (2018)

Multiblock copolymers with different number of head-group tethers were compared as AEMs for high ionic conductivity and good alkaline stability.
Cracking of III-nitride layers with strain gradients (2006)

Experimental results are demonstrated for the cracking of nominally compressed AlyGa1−yN layers grown on AlxGa1−xN buffer layers with smaller lattice constants (y&amp;lt;x). The authors present a theoretical analysis showing that the inclination of pure edge threading dislocation lines effectively reduces the compressive stress, causing relaxation, and after reaching a certain thickness begins to generate the tensile stress gradient responsible for cracking. The critical layer thickness for crack nucleation in such a gradient elastic field has been found. The results of the modeling are in good agreement with experimental observations of crack onset in nominally compressed nitride layers.
Use of an Independent Skeletal Distractor in Hip Arthroscopy (2006)

Distraction of the hip joint plays an important role in hip arthroscopy by improving visualization of and access to intra-articular structures. Distraction is usually performed by use of a standard traction table and foot plate, with the patient in either the supine or lateral position. Between 1996 and 2005 at our institution, we have used an inexpensive, independent, sterile radiolucent skeletal distractor device to perform hip arthroscopy in the lateral position successfully in 156 cases for a variety of indications and procedures. The device consists of a perineal post, a longitudinal distraction beam, and a telescoping distraction carriage fitted with a screw drive for attachment to a distal femoral K-wire. Skeletal traction is applied against the perineal post through the K-wire via the action of the distraction carriage and fine-tuned with the screw drive, affording excellent visualization of intra-articular structures. The use of this device during hip arthroscopy negates the need for a fracture table, enables the surgeon to remain sterile and still manipulate the traction apparatus intraoperatively, and provides for simultaneous hip and knee flexion to relax the sciatic nerve. Its modular design and small size make hip arthroscopy possible in almost all settings, including outpatient operating rooms.
Towards Zero and Few-shot Knowledge-seeking Turn Detection in Task-orientated Dialogue Systems (2021)

Most prior work on task-oriented dialogue systems is restricted to supporting domain APIs. However, users may have requests that are out of the scope of these APIs. This work focuses on identifying such user requests. Existing methods for this task mainly rely on finetuning pre-trained models on large annotated data. We propose a novel method, REDE, based on adaptive representation learning and density estimation. REDE can be applied to zero-shot cases, and quickly learns a highperforming detector with only a few shots by updating less than 3K parameters. We demonstrate REDE's competitive performance on DSTC9 data and our newly collected test set.
Drivers and barriers of vaccine acceptance among pregnant women in Kenya (2020)

Maternal vaccination coverage remains suboptimal globally and is lowest in low- and middle-income countries. Attitudes toward maternal vaccines have been characterized in middle-high income settings, however data from African countries are limited. We assessed drivers and barriers of vaccine acceptance among pregnant women in Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among pregnant women aged 15-49 y. We enrolled a convenience sample of women presenting for antenatal care at seven health-care facilities in four diverse counties (Nairobi, Mombasa, Marsabit, Siaya) of Kenya and from the community in two counties (Nairobi, Siaya). We described frequencies of socio-demographic characteristics of participants and their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding maternal vaccination. We enrolled 604 pregnant women with a median age of 26.5 y, of whom 48.2% had primary education or less. More than 95% agreed that maternal vaccines are "important for my health" and that getting vaccinated is "a good way to protect myself from disease". The most commonly cited reason in favor of maternal vaccination was disease prevention (53.2%). Fear of side effects to mother/baby (15.1%) was the most frequently reported potential barrier. Influenza vaccine is not in routine use in Kenya; however, 77.8% reported willingness to accept influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Maternal vaccination is well accepted among Kenyan pregnant women. We identified the provision of adequate vaccine information and addressing safety concerns as opportunities to improve maternal vaccine uptake. The expressed willingness to receive a vaccine not currently in routine use bodes well for implementation of new maternal vaccines in Kenya.
2mm Catheter Design for Optical Coherence Microscopy (2006)

A 2 mm biophotonics catheter was conceived with collimation optics, an axicon lens, and custom design imaging optics yielding a 360 degree scan within concave structures such as arteries and lung lobes.
Perivascular Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Human Colon (2014)

We propose a new subclass of ICC that closely associates with microvessels in the human colon. Our finding suggests a functional relationship between these mural ICC and microvessels based on the morphologic proximity.
Generalized Sequential Rotation Arrays With Full Control of Dual-Circularly-Polarized Aperture-Field Distribution Based on Elliptically-Polarized Elements (2022)

In this article, the theory, design, and experimental validation of wideband generalized sequential rotation arrays (GSRAs) are reported. In particular, the GSRA has the ability to provide dual-circularly polarized (dual-CP) beams with different handedness using a single feeding network, whose aperture amplitude and phase distributions can both be independently controlled. Such functionality is achieved by jointly utilizing the dynamic phase and Berry phase, as well as exploiting elliptically polarized (EP) array elements with different axial ratio (AR) values. The proposed technique and the design methodology are verified by two proof-of-concept microstrip GSRAs consisting of an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array of EP stacked-patch elements operating in the K-band. The first prototype exhibits a 3 dB gain difference between the two CP beams, while the other offers a 6 dB gain difference and different sidelobe levels (SLLs) for the generated dual-CP beams. Both arrays are fabricated and measured, experimentally achieving a joint <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11} &lt; -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, AR < 3 dB, and 3 dB gain bandwidth of more than 28.4% and 20.1% with a beam squinting of less than 3°. In addition, the two GSRAs enable a bandwidth of about 19% and 3% within which the gain difference between the two CP beams of different handedness deviates from the targeted value by less than 1 dB. With the large degree of freedom in aperture field control, the proposed GSRAs could be potential candidates for use in satellite communications, point-to-multipoint communications, and so on.
Supplementary Movie S1 from Differential Expression of CD49a and CD49b Determines Localization and Function of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Movement of cells in untreated tumor slices&lt;/p&gt;
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Target HLA-I Phosphopeptides Derived From Cancer Signaling in Colorectal Cancer (2021)

There is a pressing need for novel immunotherapeutic targets in colorectal cancer (CRC). Cytotoxic T cell infiltration is well established as a key prognostic indicator in CRC, and it is known that these tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) target and kill tumor cells. However, the specific antigens that drive these CD8+ T cell responses have not been well characterized. Recently, phosphopeptides have emerged as strong candidates for tumor-specific antigens, as dysregulated signaling in cancer leads to increased and aberrant protein phosphorylation. Here, we identify 120 HLA-I phosphopeptides from primary CRC tumors, CRC liver metastases and CRC cell lines using mass spectrometry and assess the tumor-resident immunity against these posttranslationally modified tumor antigens. Several CRC tumor-specific phosphopeptides were presented by multiple patients' tumors in our cohort (21% to 40%), and many have previously been identified on other malignancies (58% of HLA-A*02 CRC phosphopeptides). These shared antigens derived from mitogenic signaling pathways, including p53, Wnt and MAPK, and are therefore markers of malignancy. The identification of public tumor antigens will allow for the development of broadly applicable targeted therapeutics. Through analysis of TIL cytokine responses to these phosphopeptides, we have established that they are already playing a key role in tumor-resident immunity. Multifunctional CD8+ TILs from primary and metastatic tumors recognized the HLA-I phosphopeptides presented by their originating tumor. Furthermore, TILs taken from other CRC patients' tumors targeted two of these phosphopeptides. In another cohort of CRC patients, the same HLA-I phosphopeptides induced higher peripheral T cell responses than they did in healthy donors, suggesting that these immune responses are specifically activated in CRC patients. Collectively, these results establish HLA-I phosphopeptides as targets of the tumor-resident immunity in CRC, and highlight their potential as candidates for future immunotherapeutic strategies.