gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of injection well arrangement on CO<SUB align="right">2 injection into carbonate petroleum reservoir (2018)

The injection of CO2 into the reservoir, during long-term subsurface containment of CO2, increases the pore pressure, as well as the adsorption induced strains. The associated decrease in permeability causes the transport of the injected CO2 to decrease to a critical value, after which it becomes impossible to transport the injected carbon dioxide to regions of the reservoir far away from the injection well, regardless of its capacity. This problem initiated the need for multiple injection wells. The present investigation considers a dual porous carbonate reservoir. A new methodology is developed for reducing the pore pressure build-up and increasing the reservoir storage capacity by varying both the number and arrangement of the carbon dioxide injection wells. An equation-based finite element method is utilised for the numerical modelling of various carbon dioxide injection scenarios for Ghawar Arab-D carbonate reservoir. The obtained results demonstrated the significance of changing the number and arrangement of the injection wells and suggested the existence of an optimum arrangement.
Directional Training for FDD Massive MIMO (2018)

A key challenge for frequency-division duplexing (FDD) massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is the large overhead in acquiring channel state information (CSI) for transmits beamforming. In this paper, we propose a scalable method called directional training to obtain downlink CSI. Directional training is motivated by two empirical results derived from massive MIMO channel measurements. First, the number of dominant angle-of-arrivals (departures) is much smaller than and nearly independent of the number of base-station antennas. Second, there is a strong correlation between uplink arrival and downlink departure angles even in FDD systems, which leads to the idea of directional training, where a small number of training symbols can be sent to estimate the dominant components of the downlink channel. Therefore, directional training measures much fewer complex coefficients than full-training-based methods, and as a result, compared with full-training, the overall channel acquisition overhead for directional training scales much slower with the number of base-station antennas. We evaluate directional training with extensive experiments with a 64-antenna base-station at two bands separated by approximately 72 MHz. Our results show that directional training-based downlink beamforming outperforms full-training systems by 150% in terms of average spectral efficiency, and loses only 5.3% average spectral efficiency from genie-aided systems.
Improved Aperture Synthesis for Digital Holography (2010)

We demonstrated aperture synthesis for digital holography in the laboratory by mosaicking an array of single frames. We developed improved focus correction, frame-to-frame sub-pixel registration, and piston phase-error correction.
Radical Isomerization Polymerization of 1,1-Dicyclopropylethylene (1968)

Abstract The polymerization of 1,1-dicyclopropylethylene with radical (ABIN) and cationic (A1EtCl2) initiators has been investigated. The structure of the polymers was elucidated by IR and NMR spectroscopy. These studies indicated that the major repeat unit of the polymer obtained by radical initiator is suggesting a ring-opening isomerization polymerization mechanism, whereas that produced with cationic initiator is the unrearranged unit.
Biomolecular Shuttles Under Dielectrophoretic Forces (2008)

The concept of biomolecular shuttles using interactions of myosin (the motor) and actin filament (F- actin, the shuttle) is that they can be used to transport micro or nano-sized cargos to a desired destination at nanoscale in synthesized environment. To utilize their ability to transport, dielectrophoretic forces which are generated by induced polarization under a nonuniform electrical field are introduced as a viable candidate to control the direction of their random movement. Under an AC electric field, actin filaments which slide on a heavy meromyosin coated surface show perpendicularly bidirectional movement between embedded electrodes and the aligned movement depends on the strength of dielectrophoretic forces. This paper explores the behaviors of F-actin movement under dielectrophoretic forces. Furthermore, the velocity and orientation of F-actin movement under the AC electric field are measured with various AC voltages, frequencies and distances between electrodes.
Cloning, Tissue Expression, and Chromosomal Location of the Mouse Insulin Receptor Substrate 4 Gene* (1999)

The insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are key proteins in signal transduction from the insulin receptor. Recently, we discovered a fourth member of this family, designated IRS-4, cloned its complementary DNA from the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line, and characterized its signaling properties in this cell line. As part of an investigation of the physiological role of this IRS, we have now cloned the mouse IRS-4 gene and determined its tissue expression and chromosomal location. The coding region of the mouse IRS-4 gene contains no introns, and in this regard is the same as that of the genes for IRS-1 and -2. The predicted amino acid sequence of mouse IRS-4 is highly homologous with that of human IRS-4; the pleckstrin homology domain, the phosphotyrosine-binding domain, and the tyrosine phosphorylation motifs are especially well conserved. The tissue distribution of IRS-4 in the mouse was determined by analysis for the expression of its messenger RNA by RT-PCR and for the protein itself by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. The messenger RNA was detected in skeletal muscle, brain, heart, kidney, and liver, but the protein itself was not detected in any tissue. These results indicate that IRS-4 is a very rare protein. The chromosomal locations of the mouse IRS-4 and IRS-3 genes were determined by interspecific back-cross analysis and were found to be on chromosomes X and 5, respectively. As the mouse genes for IRS-1 and -2 are on chromosomes 1 and 8, respectively, each IRS gene resides on a different chromosome.
3D single shot lensless incoherent optical imaging using coded phase aperture system with point response of scattered airy beams (2023)

Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) techniques have revolutionized the field of incoherent imaging, offering multidimensional imaging capabilities with a high temporal resolution in a simple optical configuration and at a low cost. The I-COACH method uses phase modulators (PMs) between the object and the image sensor, which encode the 3D location information of a point into a unique spatial intensity distribution. The system usually requires a one-time calibration procedure in which the point spread functions (PSFs) at different depths and/or wavelengths are recorded. When an object is recorded under identical conditions as the PSF, the multidimensional image of the object is reconstructed by processing the object intensity with the PSFs. In the previous versions of I-COACH, the PM mapped every object point to a scattered intensity distribution or random dot array pattern. The scattered intensity distribution results in a low SNR compared to a direct imaging system due to optical power dilution. Due to the limited focal depth, the dot pattern reduces the imaging resolution beyond the depth of focus if further multiplexing of phase masks is not performed. In this study, I-COACH has been realized using a PM that maps every object point into a sparse random array of Airy beams. Airy beams during propagation exhibit a relatively high focal depth with sharp intensity maxima that shift laterally following a curved path in 3D space. Therefore, sparse, randomly distributed diverse Airy beams exhibit random shifts with respect to one another during propagation, generating unique intensity distributions at different distances while retaining optical power concentrations in small areas on the detector. The phase-only mask displayed on the modulator was designed by random phase multiplexing of Airy beam generators. The simulation and experimental results obtained for the proposed method are significantly better in SNR than in the previous versions of I-COACH.
Effects of the Solvent for the Electropolymerization of Aniline on Discharge and Charge Characteristics of Polyaniline (1995)

Electroactive polyaniline was prepared in various nonaqueous electrolytes, such as propylene carbonate (PC), γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), and acetonitrile containing aniline tetrafluoroborate (ATFB), by galvanostatic polymerization of aniline at 0.1 or 0.01 mA cm−2. From the FTIR spectra, the molecular structures of the polyanilines prepared in the various electrolytes were similar to each other. Their morphologies were observed in SEM photographs. Discharge and charge tests were carried out to estimate their capacities and electrochemical behavior. Polyanilines prepared in the various nonaqueous electrolytes in this study had enough electroactivity to be utilized as cathode materials for rechargeable nonaqueous batteries. Polyaniline prepared in containing 1.0 mol dm−3 ATFB at 0.01 mA cm−2 especially was applicable as a cathode for battery use because of the large discharge capacity and the small effect of kinetics. The Walden product for each electrolyte solution, an index of the degree of dissociation of ATFB, was evaluated from the viscosity and conductivity measurements. The Walden product of containing 1.0 mol dm−3 ATFB was smaller than that of PC, or GBL solution. It seems that the degree of dissociation of ATFB in various electrolytes for the electropolymerization would influence the discharge and charge characteristics of polyaniline.
A New Method of Thoracic and Lumbar Body Replacement for Spinal Tumors (1993)

Anterior decompressive procedures have gained more widespread usage in the treatment of anterior compressive lesions of the spinal cord due to neoplasms. Alternative methods of vertebral body replacement that use a modified silastic tube placed into adjacent vertebral segments and filled with methyl methacrylate cement are described. The technique is reserved for patients with limited longevity as the result of the malignant nature of their disease process.
Neuromedical Devices: Progress in Brain‐Compatible Interfaces with Soft Nanomaterials (Adv. Mater. 35/2020) (2020)

Neural interfaces made of soft-nanomaterials are attachable on the brain surface and enable wide-range neural recording, self-powered optogenetic stimulation, and controlled drug delivery in freely moving animals. In article number 1907522, Keon Jae Lee, Daesoo Kim, and co-workers review recent developments in such brain-compatible neural interfaces that use soft nanomaterials more suitable for complex neural circuit analysis and modulation.
Design of a compact size excitation device for printed antenna pattern using fractal architectures (2005)

International audience
Effect of Metallization on Fused Silica Dual-Shell Gyroscopes (2022)

This paper reports the effect of metallization on performance of Fused Silica (FS) Micro-machined Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscopes (micro-HRGs). For capacitive detection of motion, a conductive coating of the sensing element is required, which results in a reduction of the mechanical quality factors as well as an introduction of the electrical resistance. We experimentally demonstrated the impact of metal coating on both the quality factor and the electrical resistance using a developed in-house FS Dual-Shell Gyroscope (DSG), a version of micro-HRG. We derived an electromechanical model, analytically predicted behavior, and experimentally confirmed the effect of electrical resistance on the motion detection sensitivity and the overall noise performance of the DSG. For the device under test, we identified an optimal thickness of Cr coating to achieve a low resistance for optimal noise performance with a minimal loss of the quality factor.
Fluorescent cooling of ytterbium-doped heavy metal fluoride hosts (1997)

As first discussed by Pringsheim in 1929, continual cooling of a material may occur via anti- Stokes luminescence. However, not until recently was net cooling actually observed experimentally in a solid. By pumping Yb 3+ to the lower Stark levels of the 2 F 5/2 manifold, followed by population redistribution across this manifold and fluorescence to the ground state, removal of heat from a ZBLAN-derived fluoride host was achieved. The Yb-doped ZBLANP host demonstrated a temperature drop of 0.33 K at 1008 nm via infrared evaluation. Photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PTDS) was employed to measure the relative cooling efficiency (DC laser power to cooling power), which was determined to be 2.03%. Due to constraints on the doping levels in ZBLAN-derived hosts, other high rare earth concentration fluoride hosts are presently being investigated as potential coolers. BIZYT-derived hosts, with Yb concentrations as high as 26%, have been shown to contain similar spectral characteristics to that of ZBLAN, and thus sufficient spectral overlap for anti-Stokes fluorescent behavior. In general, the potential for high levels of net cooling in Yb-doped fluoride glasses makes these hosts attractive candidates for the development of a first- generation optical cryocooler for astronomical remote sensing applications.
Simultaneously increased serum periostin and urinary EDN relates to reduced lung function in adults with asthma from the Swedish GA2LEN study (2016)

The importance of different markers of type-2 inflammation with regard to asthma morbidity has recently been highlighted. For example, eosinophilic inflammation has been related to reduced lung function in adults with asthma. Our aim was to analyse the relation between periostin, a novel marker of systemic type-2 inflammation, eosinophil inflammation and lung function. Measurements of serum periostin, urinary eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (U-EDN), serum eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP) and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were done in 340 adults with asthma from the Swedish GA2LEN study (see also James <i>et al.</i> ERS 2016 for determinants of periostin in the Swedish GA2LEN study). High biomarker levels were defined as &gt;80 ng/mL for periostin, &gt;77 µg/mmol creatinine (upper quartile among asthmatics) for U-EDN, &gt;20 ng/mL for S-ECP, and &gt;25 ppb for FeNO. Having increased periostin related to having FEV1 &lt;80% predicted with an odds ratio (OR (95% CI)) of 2.1 (1.2, 3.6). Similar results were found for increased U-EDN (2.0 (1.1, 3.6)), whereas no relation to increased S-ECP (1.3 (0.7, 2.2) or FeNO (1.2 (0.7, 2.1)) was found. Having both increased periostin and U-EDN related to having FEV1 &lt;80% with an OR of 4.1 (1.8, 9.5 ), but not having only increased periostin or only increased U-EDN: OR 1.7 (0.8, 3.6) and 1.8 (0.9, 3.6). The findings for simultaneously increased periostin and U-EDN were consistent after adjusting for age, BMI, current smoking and atopy: aOR 2.9 (1.1, 7.5). The results suggest that simultaneous elevation of two type-2 biomarkers, periostin and U-EDN, bring additive information in relation to reduced lung function in adult asthmatics.
Animal models of allergen‐induced tolerance in asthma: are T‐regulatory‐1 cells (Tr‐1) the solution for T‐helper‐2 cells (Th‐2) in asthma? (2005)

Non-specific anti-inflammatory medication is actually the treatment of choice for controlling the T-helper type 2 (Th-2) cell-driven airway inflammation in asthma. The induction of counterbalancing Th-1 cell clones, long considered a promising approach for immunotherapy, has failed to fulfil its promise because of potentially detrimental side-effects. This is therefore probably not a valid option for the treatment of asthma. With the increasing awareness that active immune mechanisms exist to control inflammatory responses, interest rises to investigate whether these can be exploited to control allergen-induced airway disease. The induction of antigen-specific T cells with suppressive characteristics (regulatory T cells) is therefore a potentially interesting approach. These regulatory T cells mediate tolerance in healthy, non-atopic individuals and have the potential of becoming an effective means of preventing allergen-induced airway inflammation and possibly of suppressing ongoing allergic immune responses. Here we review the available knowledge about allergen-induced suppressive immunity obtained from animal models taking into account the different developmental stages of allergic airway disease.
Micro-Probe CV and IV Characterization of Thin Dielectric Films on Product-Wafer Scribe-Line Structures (2007)

A 50 um metal probe has been combined with pattern recognition optics and a 3-directional precision stage for automated CV and IV testing of dielectric layers in scribe-line test structures on IC product wafers. Highly repeatable contact conditions are obtained though the use of a MEMS-based torsion balance spring mounting which provides capacitance measurements within 0.1% for repeated landings of the probe. High repeatability capacitance measurements provide for correspondingly high quality determination of dielectric characteristics, EOT, Vfb, Dit, Na and Qeff, from CV analysis.
Electronically Controlled Expansion Valve for Use in a Geothermal Heating System (2008)

WaterFurnace International of Fort Wayne, Indiana wishes to control an electronic expansion valve (EEV) for use in a geothermal heating and cooling system. Electronic expansion valves provide higher system efficiency, can be used on different tonnage systems and can be controlled more precisely than other types of expansion valves. WaterFurnace desires an electronic control board to be designed to interface with temperature and or pressure sensors located in the geothermal system and use the output of the sensors to aid in the control of the EEV. The valve must control the temperature of the refrigerant to 10Â°F +/- 2Â°F of superheat at the inlet of the compressor.In order to begin the design process, models of the system were constructed to better understand its functionality. A system was tested at WaterFurnace. The test results were then used as baseline for modeling and the development of the control. With a model of the system, a simulation was set up to test this method and compare its results to those from the testing using the same input data. The simulation of the control method supported the initial testing results and the design selection process began.
Alternating copolymerization and terpolymerization of vinyl‐substituted phenolic antioxidants with propene and carbon monoxide by a palladium(II)‐based catalyst: polyketones containing intramolecular stabilizers (2004)

Abstract The copolymerization and terpolymerization reactions of the vinyl‐substituted phenolic stabilizers, 6‐ tert ‐butyl‐2‐(1,1‐dimethylhept‐6‐enyl)‐4‐methylphenol, o ‐allylphenol, 4‐methylstyrene‐2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butylphenol and 2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐4‐allylphenol, with propene and carbon monoxide, by using the solvent‐stabilized palladium( II ) phosphine complex [Pd(dppp)(NCCH 3 ) 2 ](BF 4 ) 2 (dppp, 1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) as a catalyst precursor and methanol as a co‐catalyst, is described. The influence of functional α‐olefins/CO units, distributed statistically along the propene/carbon monoxide (P/CO) copolymer backbone, on the molecular weight, glass transition temperature ( T g ), elastic behavior and stability of the high‐molecular‐weight P/CO copolymer has been investigated. Loss of both elasticity and transparency were observed upon incorporating o ‐allylphenol as a termonomer. The terpolymers, which contain phenolic stabilizers, were shown to be more stable when compared to the stabilizer‐free polyketones. In contrast to the propene/carbon monoxide copolymer, no degradation was observed for the 2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐4‐allylphenol/P/CO terpolymer; instead, the molar masses increased. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Analyses of Vision-based Lateral Control for Automated Highway System (1998)

SUMMARY SUMMARY The stability and performance of a vision-based vehicle lateral control system are analyzed. Effects of look-ahead distance, vision delay, and vehicle speed on the performance of vision feedback control system are examined by using frequency domain and time domain methods. A measurement model of the vision system is derived from the point of view of multiple sensors. The quantization error of the vision system is analyzed and the way of extracting essential information for control is studied. Based on this analysis, some guidelines for the design of vision-based controllers are proposed. A design example is further illustrated for a vision system with a substantial time delay.
An SOH estimation system based on time-constant-ratio measurement (2014)

The SOH of batteries is critical information for electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) systems. This paper proposes an SOH estimation system based on time-constant-ratio measurement. There are two reasons of choosing time-constant as aging criterion. First, time-constant represents the response speed of terminal voltage during charging and discharging. Second, time-constant represents the change of internal chemical reactions. The proposed estimation resolves the issues of traditional SOH estimations. There are two widely used SOH estimations. The first one is full-charge-capacity (FCC) estimation. Unfortunately, to access FCC information need to take a long-term charging and discharging test. Therefore, FCC estimation fails to be a fast SOH estimation. The second estimation is internal impedance estimation. However, this SOH estimation may cause large error due to the effect of environmental impedance. For improving the above issues on different SOH estimations, this paper proposes an SOH estimation system based on time-constant-ratio measurement. The time-constant-ratio is a novel criterion for aging effect. The use of this novel criterion for SOH estimation helps to achieve the purpose of an environmental-impedance-free and fast SOH estimation. The proposed estimation is 0.14% the measured time of FCC estimation based on 1C charging and discharging. The measured results have average error below 1% and maximum error below 2%.
An Automated Platform to Standardize Position in the Left Atrium and Map Electrophysiological Data (2019)

Introduction Atrial mapping is essential to guide atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, but we still lack tools for intra-patient analysis and inter-patient comparisons. We propose a platform to map electrophysiological data in a standardized atrial coordinate space. Methods Left (LA: 828±326 points) and right (RA: 612±254 points) atria were mapped in 36 persistent AF patients (28 male, 68±11 years, AF duration 8±10 months) before ablation. Voltage and fractionation as quantified by the shortest interval between consecutive complex fractionated EGMs (SCI) were assessed from 10-s bipolar electrograms (EGMs). A coordinate system was determined in each atrium by solving Laplace's equation with appropriate Dirichlet boundary conditions. Mean distributions of SCI and voltage over a reference anatomy were compared through the Kruskal-Wallis test in the LA lateral, anterior, posterior, and septal walls, and the upper, lower and septal RA regions. Results Voltage was lower on the LA septum and the lower RA (p&lt;0.0001). Higher fragmentation was measured by lower SCI on the LA septum and the upper RA (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions We developed an automated platform to display EGM data in a standardized atrial space, which improves AF mapping and provides a rigorous statistical framework.