gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light localization characteristics in a random configuration of dielectric cylindrical columns (2010)

In the two-dimensional random system composed of a disordered array of dielectric cylindrical columns, Anderson localization of light occurs. To obtain frequency dependence of the light localization characteristics, we have simulated temporal diffusion of electromagnetic waves in such a random system adopting parameters of actual nanosized semiconductor samples with a high filling fraction of the columns, using the finite-difference time-domain method. We have investigated diffusion length, autocorrelation function of light energy density, and time variation in total energy within the system at several frequencies. We obtain universal behavior of light localization phenomenon as a function of the light localization length and system size, from which we estimate frequency dependence of the localization length. In addition, we show that the frequency dependence of the localization effect depends on the degree of wave interference due to Bragg-like diffraction, rather than on the magnitude of the light scattering cross section of a single scatterer.
Third-order nonlinearity compensation in field effect transistors (2011)

A method to compensate the field effect transistor (FET) channel third-order nonlinearity is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The FET channel current-voltage (I-V) characteristic is sublinear and hence the related nonlinearity can be compensated by adding the component with superlinear I-V. Such I-V can be realised by using Schottky-type contacts to the FET channel or by connecting the FET to external Schottky diodes. In this reported work, the criterion for nonlinearity compensation is derived. Next, as a proof of concept, a discrete prototype circuit containing a MOSFET and compensating circuit has been designed, built and tested. As confirmed by two-tone measurements, reduction of third-order distortions up to 26 dBm has been achieved by using the nonlinearity compensation network.
Tailor‐made Structuring of Zeolite Matter (2001)

Novel zeolite synthesis approaches are leading to new insights into the molecular mechanisms of zeolite nucleation and growth. This article highlights some of the latest results on heteroepitaxial growth in the effort to achieve tailor-made structuring of zeolite matter. The main focus of the article lies in a very recent report on the overgrowth of millimeter-sized sodalite with cancrinite crystals (see Figure).
Measurement of Knee Center Alignment Trends in a National Sample of Established Users of the Otto Bock C-Leg Microprocessor-Controlled Knee Unit (2004)

In Brief Alignment practices for transfemoral prosthetic devices are greatly influenced by traditional clinical training that attempts to establish a stable and safe prosthetic limb. Prosthetic knee components vary in design, resistance to buckling, and swing characteristics. Although different design characteristics lead to variations in the manufacturers’ recommended position of the knee center for optimal alignment of the prosthetic limb, the traditionally recommended alignment is posterior to a vertical reference line. New microprocessor knee units such as the Otto Bock C-Leg (Otto Bock Health Care North America, Minneapolis, MN) have advanced features designed to enhance stability and prevent buckling. Unlike traditional designs, the recommended alignment for the C-Leg knee unit is 0 to 5 mm anterior to a vertical reference line. Adherence to this recommendation in clinical practice was investigated in a sample of current C-Leg users. The position of the knee center in both the coronal and sagittal planes was measured for 21 transfemoral C-Leg users attending a national amputee consumer conference. The results showed that the prosthetic limbs were aligned with the knee center 0 to 79 mm posterior to the reference line (mean, 39 mm). In conclusion, 20 of the 21 devices were aligned posterior to the recommended alignment protocol. Alignment practices for transfemoral prosthetic devices are influenced by traditional clinical training that attempts to establish a stable and safe prosthetic limb. Prosthetic knee components vary in design, resistance to buckling, and swing characteristics. New microprocessor knee units have advanced features designed to enhance stability and prevent buckling, but the authors found that 20 of the 21 participants were using prostheses that were malaligned, and call for detailed practitioner education and additional study on the impact of knee center alignment location on clinical function.
Auto-adaptive multi-sensor architecture (2016)

To overcome luminosity problems, modern embedded vision systems often integrate technologically heterogeneous sensors. Also, it has to provide different functionalities such as photo or video mode, image improvement or data fusion, according to the user environment. Therefore, nowadays vision systems should be context-aware and adapt their performance parameters automatically. In this context, we propose a novel auto-adaptive architecture enabling on-the-fly and automatic frame rate and resolution adaptation by a frequency tuning method. This method also intends to reduce power consumption as an alter native to existing power gating method. Performance evaluation on an FPGA implementation demonstrates an interframe adaptation capability with a relatively low area overhead.
Collateral deletion of the mitochondrial AAA+ ATPase ATAD1 sensitizes cancer cells to proteasome dysfunction (2022)

The tumor suppressor gene <i>PTEN</i> is the second most commonly deleted gene in cancer. Such deletions often include portions of the chromosome 10q23 locus beyond the bounds of <i>PTEN</i> itself, which frequently disrupts adjacent genes. Coincidental loss of <i>PTEN</i>-adjacent genes might impose vulnerabilities that could either affect patient outcome basally or be exploited therapeutically. Here, we describe how the loss of <i>ATAD1</i>, which is adjacent to and frequently co-deleted with <i>PTEN</i>, predisposes cancer cells to apoptosis triggered by proteasome dysfunction and correlates with improved survival in cancer patients. ATAD1 directly and specifically extracts the pro-apoptotic protein BIM from mitochondria to inactivate it. Cultured cells and mouse xenografts lacking ATAD1 are hypersensitive to clinically used proteasome inhibitors, which activate BIM and trigger apoptosis. This work furthers our understanding of mitochondrial protein homeostasis and could lead to new therapeutic options for the hundreds of thousands of cancer patients who have tumors with chromosome 10q23 deletion.
Precision medicine reaching out to the patients in allergology – a German-Japanese workshop report (2021)

An expert workshop in collaboration of the German Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) and the Japanese Society of Allergy (JSA) provided a platform for key opinion leaders of both countries aimed to join expertise and to highlight current developments and achievements in allergy research. Key domains of the meeting included the following seven main sections and related subchapters: 1) basic immunology, 2) bronchial asthma, 3) prevention of allergic diseases, 4) food allergy and anaphylaxis, 5) atopic dermatitis, 6) venom allergy, and 7) upper airway diseases. This report provides a summary of panel discussions of all seven domains and highlights unmet needs and project possibilities of enhanced collaborations of scientific projects.
Viewpoint: Invisibility cloak for ultrasonic waves (2011)

A cloak that can make an object undetectable by ultrasonic water waves has been successfully demonstrated.
Phase imaging of supracellular structures with lens-free microscopy (2021)

International audience
Material design of ultra-wide bandgap AOSs and their applications in photostable electronic devices (2017)

Photoinstability such as negative-bias-illumination-stress (NBIS) has been a longstanding obstacle in the achievement of low-manufacturing-cost, high-resolution displays and completely transparent devices. To overcome this limitation, the current study proposes a new approach for obtaining highly photostable electronics and is based on ultra-wide bandgap (UWB) AOSs. The UWB-AOSs exhibits significantly high photostability owing to their optical gap of ∼ 4 eV. This paper reports the material design concept of UWB-AOSs and their relations to photostability.
Heavily Damped Precessional Switching with Very Low Write-error Rate in Elliptical-cylinder Magnetic Tunnel Junction (2022)

Voltage-induced dynamic switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is a writing technique for voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random access memory (VCMRAM), which is expected to be an ultimate non-volatile memory with ultra-low power consumption. In conventional dynamic switching, the width of sub-nanosecond write voltage pulses must be precisely controlled to achieve a sufficiently low write-error rate (WER). This very narrow tolerance of pulse width is the biggest technical difficulty in developing VCMRAM. Heavily damped precessional switching is a writing scheme for VCMRAM with a substantially high tolerance of pulse width although the minimum WER has been much higher than that of conventional dynamic switching with an optimum pulse width. In this study, we theoretically investigate the effect of MTJ shape and the direction of the applied magnetic field on the WER of heavily damped precessional switching. The results show that the WER in elliptical-cylinder MTJ can be several orders of magnitude smaller than that in usual circular-cylinder MTJ when the external magnetic field is applied parallel to the minor axis of the ellipse. The reduction in WER is due to the fact that the demagnetization field narrows the component of the magnetization distribution perpendicular to the plane direction immediately before the voltage is applied.
Building the power house: recent advances in mitochondrial studies through proteomics and systems biology (2006)

The emerging field of systems biology seeks to develop novel approaches to integrate heterogeneous data sources for effective analysis of complex living systems. Systemic studies of mitochondria have generated a large number of proteomic data sets in numerous species, including yeast, plant, mouse, rat, and human. Beyond component identification, mitochondrial proteomics is recognized as a powerful tool for diagnosing and characterizing complex diseases associated with these organelles. Various proteomic techniques for isolation and purification of proteins have been developed; each tailored to preserve protein properties relevant to study of a particular disease type. Examples of such techniques include immunocapture, which minimizes loss of posttranslational modification, 4-iodobutyltriphenylphosphonium labeling, which quantifies protein redox states, and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which allows sequence-specific binding. With the rapidly increasing number of discovered molecular components, computational models are also being developed to facilitate the organization and analysis of such data. Computational models of mitochondria have been accomplished with top-down and bottom-up approaches and have been steadily improved in size and scope. Results from top-down methods tend to be more qualitative but are unbiased by prior knowledge about the system. Bottom-up methods often require the incorporation of a large amount of existing data but provide more rigorous and quantitative information, which can be used as hypotheses for subsequent experimental studies. Successes and limitations of the studies reviewed here provide opportunities and challenges that must be addressed to facilitate the application of systems biology to larger systems.
Strong identity of hepatits E virus strains isolated in human and animal between 2088 an 2009 (2011)

International audience
Excited-state reactivity patterns of hexakisarylisocyano complexes of chromium(0), molybdenum(0), and tungsten(0) (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited-state reactivity patterns of hexakisarylisocyano complexes of chromium(0), molybdenum(0), and tungsten(0)Kent R. Mann, Harry B. Gray, and George S. HammondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1, 306–307Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00443a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00443a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views536Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Topology of molecular nanostructures in liquid alcohols (2013)

A quantitative topological analysis is conducted of the molecular nanostructures of liquid alcohols as a function of temperature. The analysis is necessary to solve the fundamental problem of the theory of solutions: finding the relationship between the macroparameters of liquids and the structure and properties of intermolecular associates. The analysis is performed using the previously proposed MDGT method, which is based on a combination of molecular dynamics calculations and graph theory. The method enables the recognition and saving of all molecular nanostructures observed in each snapshot of the molecular dynamics trajectory, averaging of data for any number of snapshots to present “averaged” concentrations of associates (dimers, trimers, etc.), and determination of the concentrations and characteristics of isomers (e.g., chains, branched chains, rings, etc.), bond lengths, angles, etc. in each group of associates.
Development of the Variable Confinement Cookoff Test (1996)

The Variable Confinement Cookoff Test (VCCT) was developed to provide a low cost, small-scale method for evaluating the response of energetic materials to thermal stimuli. Confinement of test samples may also be varied to evaluate its effect on reaction behavior. This report documents the configuration, test procedures, and test results obtained to date for the VCCT.
Towards Green and Soft (2016)

Wireless communication systems have been developing from the first generation (1G) to the latest, fourth generation (4G) to satisfy ever increasing and more diverse mobile traffic demand. The thousand-fold wireless traffic increase anticipated by 2020 and the global recognition of the importance of green communications, however, pose very tough challenges for fifth generation (5G) design. The design metric of spectrum efficiency (SE) maximization, which was highly emphasized in previous communication systems, will have to be jointly pursued with, amongst other metrics, energy efficiency (EE). In this chapter, we will describe green network design considerations from the perspective of network architecture, signaling and control, and high SE and EE transmission techniques. The motivations, requirements, and worldwide activities for green radio are introduced, and one particular EE and SE co-design framework is presented for link-level optimization. The impact of system parameters such as frequency bandwidth, total power, antenna number, and transceiver number on EE–SE performance is analyzed. Promising 5G technologies, such as large scale antenna systems and non-orthogonal multiple access are investigated in terms of EE–SE co-design. To satisfy user requirements, future networks should be user-centric rather than cell-centric, thus leading to 5G networks with “no more cells”. C-RAN, a soft radio access architecture and an enabling element for 5G key technologies, is presented, describing how the baseband is centralized and virtualized to flexibly allocate resource and manage interference to save both radiated and circuit power. Since the future network will be more heterogeneous, with fluctuating traffic volumes and diversified services, a fundamental rethinking of signaling and control design in 5G is necessitated to facilitate energy saving. Finally, an aggregator-based signaling optimization scheme that can accommodate trillions of wireless nodes in the Internet of Things is described. It is anticipated that 5G networks and beyond will be softer and greener.
“Overshoot” of O2Is Required to Maintain Baseline Tissue Oxygenation at Locations Distal to Blood Vessels (2011)

In vivo imaging of cerebral tissue oxygenation is important in defining healthy physiology and pathological departures associated with cerebral disease. We used a recently developed two-photon microscopy method, based on a novel phosphorescent nanoprobe, to image tissue oxygenation in the rat primary sensory cortex in response to sensory stimulation. Our measurements showed that a stimulus-evoked increase in tissue pO₂ depended on the baseline pO₂ level. In particular, during sustained stimulation, the steady-state pO₂ at low-baseline locations remained at the baseline, despite large pO₂ increases elsewhere. In contrast to the steady state, where pO₂ never decreased below the baseline, transient decreases occurred during the "initial dip" and "poststimulus undershoot." These results suggest that the increase in blood oxygenation during the hemodynamic response, which has been perceived as a paradox, may serve to prevent a sustained oxygenation drop at tissue locations that are remote from the vascular feeding sources.
Synthesis of Highly Magnetic, Air-Stable Iron–Iron Carbide Nanocrystalline Particles by Using Power Ultrasound A. Gedanken is grateful for the support of the German Ministry of Science through the Deutsche-Israeli DIP program. I. Felner and A. Gedanken thank also the Israeli Ministery of Science, Culture and Sport for an infrastructure grant. S. I. Nikitenko thanks the Bar-Ilan Research Authority for his fellowship. The authors also thank Dr. Shifra Hochberg for editorial assistance. (2001)

A coating of iron carbide and carbon confers air-stability on the nanocrystalline iron particles that were prepared by sonolysis of [Fe(CO)5] in diphenylmethane followed by annealing of the as-prepared material. The saturation magnetization of this material (222 emu g−1, see picture) is almost as high as that of bulk bcc iron.
StandARone: Infrared-Watermarked Documents as Portable Containers of AR Interaction and Personalization (2023)

Hybrid paper interfaces leverage augmented reality (AR) to combine the desired tangibility of paper documents with the affordances of interactive digital media. Typically, the instructions for how the virtual content should be generated are not an intrinsic part of the document but rather accessed through a link to remote resources. To enable hybrid documents to be portable containers of also the AR content, we introduce StandARone documents. Using our system, a document author can define AR content and embed it invisibly on the document using a standard inkjet printer and infrared-absorbing ink. A document consumer can interact with the embedded content using a smartphone with a NIR camera without requiring a network connection. We demonstrate several use cases of StandARone including personalized offline menus, interactive visualizations, and location-aware packaging.
Towards Massive Connectivity Support for Scalable mMTC Communications in 5G Networks (2018)

The fifth generation of cellular communication systems is foreseen to enable a multitude of new applications and use cases with very different requirements. A new 5G multi-service air interface needs to enhance broadband performance as well as provide new levels of reliability, latency, and supported number of users. In this paper, we focus on the massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) service within a multi-service air interface. Specifically, we present an overview of different physical and medium access techniques to address the problem of a massive number of access attempts in mMTC and discuss the protocol performance of these solutions in a common evaluation framework.
Mechanical design and impedance compensation of SUBAR (Sogang University&#x2019;s Biomedical Assist Robot) (2008)

SUBAR (Sogang Universitypsilas biomedical assistive robot), an advanced version of the EXPOS, is a wearable robot developed for assisting physically impaired people. It provides a human with assistive forces controlled by the human intention. Since it applies geared DC motors, however, the control efforts are used mainly to overcome the resistive forces caused by the friction, the damping and the inertia in the actuator. In this paper, such undesired properties are rejected by applying a flexible transmission. With the proposed method, it is intended that an actuator exhibits zero impedance without friction and generates the desired torques precisely. Since the actuation system of SUBAR has a large model variation due to human-robot interaction, a control algorithm for the flexible transmission is designed based on robust control theory. In this paper, the mechanical design of SUBAR including the flexible transmission and its associated control algorithm are discussed. They are also verified by experiments.
Surface reactions in the chemical vapor deposition of tungsten using WF6 and SiH4 on Al, PtSi, and TiN (1990)

The initial surface chemical reactions that lead to the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of tungsten on aluminum, PtSi, and TiN using WF6/SiH4 mixtures have been studied in an ultrahigh vacuum system using x-ray photoemission and mass spectrometry. In all these cases, tungsten deposition can be initiated by initial deposition of a tungsten or silicon seed layer. Aluminum was found to react with WF6 at elevated temperatures to deposit a seed metallic tungsten layer with the formation of volatile aluminum subfluoride. SiH4 then reacted with the tungsten seed layer to provide silicon to sustain the CVD reaction. The silicon atoms in PtSi, similar to the case of a silicon substrate, initiated the deposition process by reacting with WF6. TiN, on the other hand, was decomposed by both WF6 and SiH4 to deposit the necessary tungsten and silicon seed layers, respectively, for the deposition reaction. Deposition reactions on an oxygen-contaminated technical TiN surface were also investigated.
Stumped! The life cycle of a nursery log (2026)

Poster to raise awareness about the importance and life diversity of 'nursery logs' on the campus of Vancouver Island University.
1,2,4-Triazolyl Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes: A New Series of Potent and Selective Dopamine D3Receptor Antagonists (2009)

The discovery of new highly potent and selective dopamine (DA) D(3) receptor antagonists has recently allowed the characterization of the DA D(3) receptor in a range of preclinical animal models of drug addiction. A novel series of 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, members of which showed a high affinity and selectivity for the DA D(3) receptor and excellent pharmacokinetic profiles, is reported here. Members of a group of derivatives from this series showed good oral bioavailability and brain penetration and very high in vitro affinity and selectivity for the DA D(3) receptor, as well as high in vitro potency for antagonism at this receptor. Several members of this series also significantly attenuate the expression of conditioned place preference (CPP) to nicotine and cocaine.