gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Technology Based on Deep Reactive Ion Etching and Anodic Bonding for the Application of Micromixers and Microfilters (2014)

A technology for the fabrication of silicon micromixers and microfilters is presented with their applications being analyzed. The versatility of this technology is observed with the use of two different photolithographic masks where active microfluidic components have been developed. The silicon micromixers and microfilters were developed and manufactured by photolithography (PL) and deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE) and then bonded onto sand-blasted glass wafers by anodic bonding. The fluidic flow within the specialized microchannel was observed under an optical microscope with micromixing using two differently colored dyes and the microfiltration of poly (D, L lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (MP-PLGA) for size-sorting and separation Finally, the microfiltering device was injected with a whole blood sample for the separation of larger leukocyte cells.
Picosecond absorption relaxation measured with nanosecond laser photoacoustics (2010)

Picosecond absorption relaxation-central to many disciplines-is typically measured by ultrafast (femtosecond or picosecond) pump-probe techniques, which however are restricted to optically thin and weakly scattering materials or require artificial sample preparation. Here, we developed a reflection-mode relaxation photoacoustic microscope based on a nanosecond laser and measured picosecond absorption relaxation times. The relaxation times of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin molecules, both possessing extremely low fluorescence quantum yields, were measured at 576 nm. The added advantages in dispersion susceptibility, laser-wavelength availability, reflection sensing, and expense foster the study of natural-including strongly scattering and nonfluorescent-materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective 2‐Amination of Polychloropyrimidines. (2016)

Abstract 5‐Trimethylsilyl substituted di‐ and trichloropyrimidines react with aryl‐ and alkyl amines to give regioselectively 2‐aminopyrimidines.
Enzyme Responsive Hyaluronic Acid Nanocapsules Containing Polyhexanide and Their Exposure to Bacteria To Prevent Infection (2013)

Antibacterial nanodevices could bring coatings of plastic materials and wound dressings a big step forward if the release of the antibacterial agents could be triggered by the presence of the bacteria themselves. Here, we show that novel hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanocapsules containing the antimicrobial agent polyhexanide are specifically cleaved in the presence of hyaluronidase, a factor of pathogenicity and invasion for bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This resulted in an efficient killing of the pathogenic bacteria by the antimicrobial agent. The formation of different polymeric nanocapsules was achieved through a polyaddition reaction in inverse miniemulsion. After the synthesis, the nanocapsules were transferred to an aqueous medium and investigated in terms of size, size distribution, functionality, and morphology using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The enzyme triggered release of a model dye and the antimicrobial polyhexanide was monitored using fluorescence and UV spectroscopy. The stability of the nanocapsules in several biological media was tested and the interaction of nanocapsules with human serum protein was studied using isothermal titration calorimetry. The antibacterial effectiveness is demonstrated by determination of the antibacterial activity and determination of the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC).
L’Europe, défis et opportunités pour le monde vétérinaire (2022)

The topic of the President''s Day was about challenges and opportunities for the veterinary world in the European context. The French Veterinary Academy received for this President’s day the label of French Presidency of the Council of the European Union (PFUE). The One health approach that is adapted to the management of zoonoses has been widely promoted in recent years and many conferences organized, but this One-health approach as it has been implemented, did not address all the issues of the veterinary world. The objective of this conference was to address non-zoonotic threats that questions the veterinary world and to place veterinary activities and expertise in the general context. Representatives of major organizations presented current developments and then experts presented their analyses of needs and ongoing actions. This day ended with a round table involving representatives of the professional world, national administrations and national and European research.
Structural characterization of the Acetobacter xylinum endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase CMCax required for cellulose biosynthesis (2006)

Previous studies have demonstrated that endoglucanase is required for cellulose biosynthesis both in bacteria and plants. However, it has yet to be elucidated how the endoglucanases function in the mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis. Here we describe the crystal structure of the cellulose biosynthesis-related endo-beta-1,47-glucanase (CMCax; EC 3.2.1.4) from the cellulose-producing Gramnegative bacterium, Acetobacter xylinum (= Gluconacetobacter xylinus), determined at 1.65-A resolution. CMCax falls into the glycoside hydrolase family 8 (GH-8), and the structure showed that the overall fold of the CMCax is similar to those of other glycoside hydrolases belonging to GH-8. Structure comparison with Clostridium thermocellum CelA, the best characterized GH-8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar recognition subsite +3 is completely missing in CMCax. The absence of the subsite +3 leads to significant broadness of the cleft at the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side. CMCax is known to be a secreted enzyme and is present in the culture medium. However, electron microscopic analysis using immunostaining clearly demonstrated that a portion of CMCax is localized to the cell surface, suggesting a link with other known membrane-anchored endoglucanases that are required for cellulose biosynthesis.
Correction to: ITR-Seq, a next-generation sequencing assay, identifies genome-wide DNA editing sites in vivo following adeno-associated viral vector-mediated genome editing (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Supplemental Table 1 from Calcipotriol Targets LRP6 to Inhibit Wnt Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1. QPCR PRIMERS&lt;/p&gt;
Polypeptide‐based nanocomposite: Structure and properties of poly(L‐lysine)/Na+‐montmorillonite (2002)

Abstract The feasibility of constructing polymer/clay nanocomposites with polypeptides as the matrix material is shown. Cationic poly‐L‐lysine · HBr (PLL) was reinforced by sodium montmorillonite clay. The PLL/clay nanocomposites were made via the solution‐intercalation film‐casting technique. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy data indicated that montmorillonite layers intercalated with PLL chains coexist with exfoliated layers over a wide range of relative PLL/clay compositions. Differential scanning calorimetry suggests that the presence of clay suppresses crystal formation in PLL relative to the neat polypeptide and slightly decreases the PLL melting temperature. Despite lower crystallinity, dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a significant increase in the storage modulus of PLL with an increase in clay loading producing storage modulus magnitudes on par with traditional engineering thermoplastics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2579–2586, 2002
A new plant-parasitic nematode species associated with coffee, Rotylenchus bunae n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from Jimma, Ethiopia (2023)

Summary Rotylenchus bunae n. sp. was discovered in the coffee rhizosphere in Gera district of Jimma, Ethiopia, and has been morphologically and molecularly characterised. The new species is identified by a female body length of 725-876 μ m, hemispherical lip region with 4-5 lip annuli, stylet length of 28-30 μ m, lateral field areolation only in the pharyngeal region, no cuticular striations, pharyngeal gland overlapping intestine dorsally by 15-26 μ m, double epiptygma, no clear spermathecae, vulva position at 54-58% of body length from anterior end, prominent fasciculi in mid and posterior body, rounded or sometimes slightly truncated, coarsely crenated tail with 11-13 annuli, and phasmids located at 7-16 annuli anterior to anus. No males were detected. This species was found closely related to other African Rotylenchus species, such as R. unisexus and R. wimbii ; however, it could be well separated from them by both morphology and molecular data (D2-D3 of 28S and partial 18S of rDNA).
Activation of PPAR γ and α by Punicic Acid Ameliorates Glucose Tolerance and Suppresses Obesity-Related Inflammation (2009)

Our studies demonstrate that PUA binds and robustly activates PPAR gamma, increases PPAR gamma-responsive gene expression and the loss of PPAR gamma in immune cells impairs its ability to ameliorate diabetes and inflammation.
Mutational activation of N- and K-ras oncogenes in plasma cell dyscrasias (1993)

The frequency of N- and K-ras oncogene mutations was investigated in plasma cell dyscrasias. Genomic DNAs from 128 patients were selected for this study: 30 monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance, 8 solitary plasmacytomas, 77 multiple myelomas (MM), and 13 plasma cell leukemias (PCL). A two-step experimental approach was devised. All samples were screened for mutations by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. DNA fragments displaying an altered electrophoretic mobility were further studied by direct sequencing to confirm and characterize the nature of the mutations. Ras mutations are not randomly distributed because they are detectable only in MM (9%) and PCL (30.7%). N-ras codons 12, 13, and 61 and K-ras codon 12 were found to be mutated, but N-ras codon 61 mutation was the most frequent finding (63.6%). In conclusion, ras mutations were found in PCL, and in a subset of MM characterized by advanced-stage disease and adverse prognostic parameters. Furthermore, based on our findings, it is possible to speculate that ras mutations represent a late molecular lesion in the process of multistep carcinogenesis.
Roles of Estrogen Receptor and p21Waf1 in Bortezomib-Induced Growth Inhibition in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2012)

Proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib constitute novel therapeutic agents that are currently in clinical use and in clinical trials. In some neoplasms, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) such as p21(WAF1) have been proposed as key targets of proteasome inhibitors. p21(WAF1) expression can be modulated by p53, a tumor suppressor, and especially in breast cancer cells, by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which is highly relevant to cancer growth. We investigated the effects of bortezomib using a panel of six cancer cell lines with variable status of ERα or p53 and found that bortezomib inhibited the growth of all cell lines in the same concentration range irrespective of the ERα expression or the mutational status of p53. Bortezomib treatment significantly enhanced p21(WAF1) protein levels in all cell lines but with different mechanisms according to ERα status. In ERα-positive cells, bortezomib treatment caused a strong increase in p21(WAF1) mRNA, whereas in ERα-negative cells it predominantly enhanced p21(WAF1) protein levels suggesting a posttranslational mechanism of p21(WAF1) regulation in the ERα-negative cells. Moreover, the antiproliferative activity of bortezomib was prevented by ERα silencing or p21(WAF1) knockdown in ERα-positive cells. Collectively, our results highlight the potential roles of ERα and p21(WAF1) in growth inhibition of cancer cells mediated by proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib.
More homogeneous capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlate with increased oxygen extraction (2019)

Our understanding of how capillary blood flow and oxygen distribute across cortical layers to meet the local metabolic demand is incomplete. We addressed this question by using two-photon imaging of resting-state microvascular oxygen partial pressure (PO<sub>2</sub>) and flow in the whisker barrel cortex in awake mice. Our measurements in layers I-V show that the capillary red-blood-cell flux and oxygenation heterogeneity, and the intracapillary resistance to oxygen delivery, all decrease with depth, reaching a minimum around layer IV, while the depth-dependent oxygen extraction fraction is increased in layer IV, where oxygen demand is presumably the highest. Our findings suggest that more homogeneous distribution of the physiological observables relevant to oxygen transport to tissue is an important part of the microvascular network adaptation to local brain metabolism. These results will inform the biophysical models of layer-specific cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption and improve our understanding of the diseases that affect cerebral microcirculation.
An Empirical Approach for Predicting Retention Characteristics in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (1996)

The retention process in supercritical fluid chromatography depends on the solute volatility as well as the strength of the mobile phase. When the capacity factor is plotted as a function of temperature at constant pressure, the curve passes through a maximum point. At higher temperatures, the capacity factor decreases as the temperature increases, and at lower temperatures the opposite is observed. This makes prediction of the capacity factor in supercritical fluid chromatography complicated. Rigorous thermodynamic equations to predict retention characteristics result in complex equations. A simple empirical approach for prediction of the capacity factor as a function of mobile phase density and column temperature is presented.
Using Severe Plastic Deformation for Grain Refinement and Superplasticity (2001)

The grain size of many metals may be reduced to the submicrometer or nanometer level using various procedures incorporating the application of severe plastic deformation. This paper examines the procedure and potential of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) in which a material is pressed through a die and a high strain, is imposed without any change in the cross-sectional dimensions of the workpiece. Various factors influence the ultrafine grains attained using ECAP and examples are presented showing the application of ECAP in fabricating materials exhibiting high strain rate superplasticity and rapid forming capabilities.
ChemInform Abstract: f‐Element/Crown Ether Complexes. Part 26. Crystallization of Two Hydrated Forms of Hydrogen Bonded Complexes of NdCl3·nH2O and 15‐Crown‐5. Crystal Structures of (Nd(OH2)9)Cl3·15‐crown‐5·H2O and (NdCl2(OH2)6)Cl·15‐crown‐5. (1988)

Abstract The first one of the title complexes, the decahydrate, crystallizes in P2 1 2 1 2 1 with Z=4; Nd is nine‐coordinate to nine H 2 O molecules, which are hydrogen‐bonded to the oxygen atoms of the crown ether, the three chloride ions and the tenth water.
Diffusion Behavior of Anions in Polyaniline during Electrochemical Undoping.2.Effect of the Preparation Conditions of Polyaniline on the Diffusion Coefficient of BF4- (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiffusion Behavior of Anions in Polyaniline during Electrochemical Undoping.2.Effect of the Preparation Conditions of Polyaniline on the Diffusion Coefficient of BF4-Kiyoshi Kanamura, Yasunori Kawai, Susumu Yonezawa, and Zenichiro TakeharaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 8, 2174–2179Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100059a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100059a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
X-Rays in Curved Spaces (2000)

In this review we discuss and demonstrate three new phenomena connected with the binding and propagation of X‐rays on curved surfaces. The first involves X‐ray propagation, over very large distances, of surface bound modes, made possible by the extrinsic curvature of the surface. Under proper conditions transmission of the ground state alone can be achieved. The second effect involves strong dynamical diffraction that surface bound modes can experience when the surface contains a periodic modulation. The last effect is the in‐surface deflection of surface bound X‐rays induced by the intrinsic, rather than extrinsic, curvature of the surface. We briefly discuss some of the implications of these discoveries.
Effective Verdet constant in a terbium-doped-core phosphate fiber (2009)

The concept of an effective Verdet constant is proposed and experimentally validated. The effective Verdet constant of light propagation in a fiber includes contributions from the materials in both the core and the cladding. It is measured in a 25 wt.% terbium-doped-core phosphate fiber to be -6.2+/-0.4 rad/(Tm) at 1,053 nm, which is six times larger than silica fiber. The result agrees well with Faraday rotation theory in optical fiber.
Image-based table recognition: data, model, and evaluation (2019)

Important information that relates to a specific topic in a document is often organized in tabular format to assist readers with information retrieval and comparison, which may be difficult to provide in natural language. However, tabular data in unstructured digital documents, e.g., Portable Document Format (PDF) and images, are difficult to parse into structured machine-readable format, due to complexity and diversity in their structure and style. To facilitate image-based table recognition with deep learning, we develop the largest publicly available table recognition dataset PubTabNet (https://github.com/ibm-aur-nlp/PubTabNet), containing 568k table images with corresponding structured HTML representation. PubTabNet is automatically generated by matching the XML and PDF representations of the scientific articles in PubMed Central Open Access Subset (PMCOA). We also propose a novel attention-based encoder-dual-decoder (EDD) architecture that converts images of tables into HTML code. The model has a structure decoder which reconstructs the table structure and helps the cell decoder to recognize cell content. In addition, we propose a new Tree-Edit-Distance-based Similarity (TEDS) metric for table recognition, which more appropriately captures multi-hop cell misalignment and OCR errors than the pre-established metric. The experiments demonstrate that the EDD model can accurately recognize complex tables solely relying on the image representation, outperforming the state-of-the-art by 9.7% absolute TEDS score.
The Epidemiology and Phenotype of Crohn’s Disease in the Chinese Population (2004)

The incidence of CD in the Chinese is increasing. There are some notable epidemiological and phenotypic differences between Chinese CD with Caucasian CD including the lack of familial clustering, male predominance, and higher proportion of upper GIT involvement and lower frequency of isolated terminal ileal disease.
Low noise consideration of cabin less tractor by using sound source model of internal combustion engine (2018)

From the viewpoint of hearing protection, many agricultural vehicles exceed the recommended value of acceptable noise level at noise exposure of 8 hours per day, suggesting the need to reduce noise. There is a shielding in the engine room as a measure against airborne sound due to surface vibration of the internal combustion engine. Particularly, in order to efficiently reduce noise, it is necessary to identify a highly contributing route in the sound transmission path from the noise source to the evaluation position represented by the operator's ear position and to shield the part in a part. As a method of identifying this sound transmission path, there is visualization of acoustic intensity indicating sound magnitude and directionality. As a visualization method, in this study, a sound source model that identifies the surface vibration velocity of the internal combustion engine is constructed, and the sound transmission path is predicted by calculating the acoustic intensity with the surface vibration velocity as an input. The sound source model is constructed by an acoustic transfer function calculated by the boundary element method and Inverse-Numerical Acoustic analysis which calculates the surface vibration velocity using the actual sound pressure measured at the field point near the sound source. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this method was confirmed by verifying the shielding method based on the sound transmission path and its effect both on the actual machine and numerical simulation. As a result, both the actual machine and the simulation showed the same value for the noise reduction amount at the operator's ear position. Therefore, the effectiveness of this method was shown.
Using musical instruments as human control interface for electronic games (2011)

Musical instruments, both acoustic and electronic, can be implemented as human control interfaces for electronic game applications. The control parameters are extracted from instrument performances and further mapped to game control parameters. The authors also illustrate the details of response feedback and provide a summary.
A Biparatopic Antibody–Drug Conjugate to Treat MET-Expressing Cancers, Including Those that Are Unresponsive to MET Pathway Blockade (2021)

Lung cancers harboring mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition factor (<i>MET</i>) genetic alterations, such as exon 14 skipping mutations or high-level gene amplification, respond well to MET-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, these agents benefit a relatively small group of patients (4%-5% of lung cancers), and acquired resistance limits response durability. An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting MET might enable effective treatment of MET-overexpressing tumors (approximately 25% of lung cancers) that do not respond to MET targeted therapies. Using a protease-cleavable linker, we conjugated a biparatopic METxMET antibody to a maytansinoid payload to generate a MET ADC (METxMET-M114). METxMET-M114 promotes substantial and durable tumor regression in xenografts with moderate to high MET expression, including models that exhibit innate or acquired resistance to MET blockers. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies show that tumor uptake of radiolabeled METxMET antibody correlates with MET expression levels and METxMET-M114 efficacy. In a cynomolgus monkey toxicology study, METxMET-M114 was well tolerated at a dose that provides circulating drug concentrations that are sufficient for maximal antitumor activity in mouse models. Our findings suggest that METxMET-M114, which takes advantage of the unique trafficking properties of our METxMET antibody, is a promising candidate for the treatment of MET-overexpressing tumors, with the potential to address some of the limitations faced by the MET function blockers currently in clinical use.