gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human impersonal pronouns in Swedish and Dutch (2012)

This paper presents a contrastive study of the human impersonal pronouns man in Swedish and men in Dutch. Both impersonal pronouns are etymologically derived from man ‘human being’ and they more or less have the same meaning. However, there are important differences in the usage of these pronouns. In this study, the similarities and differences between Swedish man and Dutch men are studied in a Dutch-Swedish parallel corpus. Analysing a parallel corpus has the advantage of allowing one to both study the distribution of man and men in original texts and to contrast the use of these pronouns with their translations.
Intra-molecular Charge Transfer and Electron Delocalization in Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells (2018)

Two types of electron acceptors were synthesized by coupling two kinds of electron-rich cores with four equivalent perylene diimides (PDIs) at the α-position. With fully aromatic cores, TPB and TPSe have π-orbitals spread continuously over the whole aromatic conjugated backbone, unlike TPC and TPSi, which contain isolated PDI units due to the use of a tetrahedron carbon or silicon linker. Density functional theory calculations of the projected density of states showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) for TPB are localized in separate regions of space. Further, the LUMO of TPB shows a greater contribution from the orbitals belonging to the connective core of the molecules than that of TPC. Overall, the properties of the HOMO and LUMO point at increased intra-molecular delocalization of negative charge carriers for TPB and TPSe than for TPC and TPSi and hence at a more facile intra-molecular charge transfer for the former. The film absorption and emission spectra showed evidences for the inter-molecular electron delocalization in TPB and TPSe, which is consistent with the network structure revealed by X-ray diffraction studies on single crystals of TPB. These features benefit the formation of charge transfer states and/or facilitate charge transport. Thus, higher electron mobility and higher charge dissociation probabilities under J<sub>sc</sub> condition were observed in blend films of TPB:PTB7-Th and TPSe:PTB7-Th than those in TPC:PTB7-Th and TPSi:PTB7-Th blend films. As a result, the J<sub>sc</sub> and fill factor values of 15.02 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.58 and 14.36 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.55 for TPB- and TPSe-based solar cell are observed, whereas those for TPC and TPSi are 11.55 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.47 and 10.35 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.42, respectively.
Supplementary Methods from Effective Delivery of a Microtubule Polymerization Inhibitor Synergizes with Standard Regimens in Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
PADDIT: Probabilistic Augmentation of Data using Diffeomorphic Image Transformation (2019)

For proper generalization performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in medical image segmentation, the learnt features should be invariant under particular non-linear shape variations of the input. To induce invariance in CNNs to such transformations, we propose Probabilistic Augmentation of Data using Diffeomorphic Image Transformation (PADDIT) – a systematic framework for generating realistic transformations that can be used to augment data for training CNNs. The main advantage of PADDIT is the ability to produce transformations that capture the morphological variability in the training data. To this end, PADDIT constructs a mean template which represents the main shape tendency of the training data. A Hamiltonian Monte Carlo(HMC) scheme is used to sample transformations which warp the training images to the generated mean template. Augmented images are created by warping the training images using the sampled transformations. We show that CNNs trained with PADDIT outperforms CNNs trained without augmentation and with generic augmentation (0.2 and 0.15 higher dice accuracy respectively) in segmenting white matter hyperintensities from T1 and FLAIR brain MRI scans.
The evaluation of the size and the structure of the interphase in composite particles containing a macromonomer studied by solid-state NMR (2002)

The degree of coverage and the structure and thickness of interphases in composite latex particles consisting of a poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) core incorporated with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) macromonomer of different molecular weight and a PMMA shell was analyzed by using solid-state NMR spin-diffusion measurements. By changing the temperature at a given filter strength or by adjusting the filter strength at a given temperature, the spin-diffusion experiment could be performed in such a way that the overall structure could be detected. At filter strengths softer than necessary for the detection of the overall structure, information regarding larger structures can be obtained, whereas for stronger filters detailed information about small structures in the interphase region can be extracted. The data obtained by NMR were related to previous TEM and dynamic mechanical studies on these particles.
Design of a fully passive prosthetic knee mechanism for transfemoral amputees in India (2015)

An estimated 230,000 above-knee amputees are in need of prosthetic devices in India with a majority of them facing severe socio-economic constraints in their daily lives. However, only a few affordable, passive prosthetic knee devices in the market have been designed to enable normative gait and to meet the unique daily life needs of above-knee amputees in the developing world. This paper builds upon our past study, which established optimal mechanical component coefficients in prosthetic knee function required for achieving able-bodied kinematics. We present a mechanism for the design of a fully passive prosthetic knee device, which aims to facilitate able-bodied kinematics at a low metabolic cost. The mechanism is implemented using an automatic early stance lock for stability, a linear spring for early stance flexion-extension and a differential friction damping system for late stance and swing control. For preliminary validation of the knee mechanism, we carried out a field trial on two above-knee amputees in India, which showed satisfactory performance of the early stance lock and enabled smooth stance to swing transition by timely initiation of late stance flexion.
Characterisation of Aluminide Coatings Formed on Nickel-Base Superalloys by Vapour Aluminising (2020)

A production-scale vapour aluminising process has been developed which facilitates the protective aluminide coating of the surface of internal cooling channels/passages in nickel-base superalloy turbine blades and vanes, without recourse to reduced pressure or pressure pulsing. Initial studies confirmed that aluminide coatings, thus formed, were present both at the entrance to and exit from these channels. Explicit restraints, however, precluded the necessary detailed determination of the characteristics of the vapour aluminide coating and hence the elucidation of any variation in these characteristics along the length of the cooling channels in an actual blade/vane. To circumvent this problem, a previously devised experimental reactor set-up has been utilised to simulate the vapour aluminising of the internal channels in a blade/vane. Small, rectangular Inconel 738 samples were suspended in three strategic locations in the reactor coating chamber, representing the entrance to, the mid-point of and the exit from the cooling channels. After the vapour aluminising process, the coating formed on each of these samples was subjected to the required detailed characterisation employing the following techniques: X-ray diffraction, profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, microhardness testing and Auger electron spectroscopy. The results thus obtained are presented and discussed and any variation in the characteristics of the vapour aluminide coating with increasing sample distance from the source powder mixture identified.
Highly Efficient Fluorine Doped Ni 2 P Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Mediated Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2021)

Engineering high-performance robust electrocatalysts expediting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for generating sustainable hydrogen presents major scientific challenges. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT), we show fluorine (F) substitution in Ni 2 P (Ni 2 P: x wt. % F) causes unique electronic structure modification leading to enhanced alkaline mediated OER performance. Consequently, Ni 2 P:5 F exhibits improved charge transfer resistance (10.65 Ω cm 2 ), lower over-potential (230 mV @ 10 mA cm −2 ), and Tafel slope (28.06 mV dec −1 ) while also offering excellent durability for OER. Calculations using DFT attribute this superior performance of Ni 2 P:5 F to optimized electronic structure leading to OER barrier reduction, thus improving the OER reaction kinetics.
Investigation of Mass Savings Potential of Zeolite Integrated Motor Thermal Management Systems in All-Electric Commercial Aircraft (2022)

Abstract This study investigates a novel hybrid cooling method for more weight efficient thermal management of aerospace electric propulsion motors using thermal energy storage (TES) elements. The proposed system utilizes the latent heating of TES in the form of SAPO-34 zeolite slabs hydrated with water to maintain stable operating temperatures during takeoff. The TES operates in parallel with a fluid cooling system comprised of minichannel heatsinks attached to the stator windings and exterior air heat exchanger. Thermoelectric performance benefits of TES inclusion are evaluated using network analysis under assumed flight path load. Complex non-linear thermofluid and electromagnetic behaviors in the network are replaced with lookup table interpolants generated using results of numerical simulations swept across a series of input parameters. Subsequent solution of two-hundred systems with varying TES volume indicated a maximum TMS mass savings of 14.8% compared to the lightest thermal management system without TES inclusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationships of Diphenylpiperazine N‐Type Calcium Channel Inhibitors. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>New ultrathin 3D integration technique: technological and thermal investigations</title> (2000)

A new vertical chip integration is proposed, based on the UTCS concept. It consists in stacking thinned chips on top of a silicon substrate. Lateral and vertical metal interconnections and the thinned chips are embedded in BCB layers. This wafer scale integration technique is presented. Thermal behavior of such stacked structure is also discussed.
Hyperglycemia in pregnancy and developmental outcomes in children at 18–60 months of age: the PANDORA Wave 1 study (2022)

This study aimed to explore the association between hyperglycemia in pregnancy (type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)) and child developmental risk in Europid and Aboriginal women.PANDORA is a longitudinal birth cohort recruited from a hyperglycemia in pregnancy register, and from normoglycemic women in antenatal clinics. The Wave 1 substudy included 308 children who completed developmental and behavioral screening between age 18 and 60 months. Developmental risk was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) or equivalent modified ASQ for use with Aboriginal children. Emotional and behavioral risk was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between developmental scores and explanatory variables, including maternal T2D in pregnancy or GDM.After adjustment for ethnicity, maternal and child variables, and socioeconomic measures, maternal hyperglycemia was associated with increased developmental "concern" (defined as score ≥1 SD below mean) in the fine motor (T2D odds ratio (OR) 5.30, 95% CI 1.77-15.80; GDM OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.55-10.11) and problem-solving (T2D OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.05-6.98; GDM OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.17-5.54) domains, as well as increased "risk" (score ≥2 SD below mean) in at least one domain (T2D OR 5.33, 95% CI 1.85-15.39; GDM OR 4.86, 95% CI 1.95-12.10). Higher maternal education was associated with reduced concern in the problem-solving domain (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11-0.69) after adjustment for maternal hyperglycemia.Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with increased developmental concern and may be a potential target for intervention so as to optimize developmental trajectories.
Observation ofJ/ψϕStructures Consistent with Exotic States from Amplitude Analysis ofB+→J/ψϕK+Decays (2017)

The first full amplitude analysis of B^{+}→J/ψϕK^{+} with J/ψ→μ^{+}μ^{-}, ϕ→K^{+}K^{-} decays is performed with a data sample of 3 fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected at sqrt[s]=7 and 8 TeV with the LHCb detector. The data cannot be described by a model that contains only excited kaon states decaying into ϕK^{+}, and four J/ψϕ structures are observed, each with significance over 5 standard deviations. The quantum numbers of these structures are determined with significance of at least 4 standard deviations. The lightest has mass consistent with, but width much larger than, previous measurements of the claimed X(4140) state.
Highly Discriminant Methylated DNA Markers for the Non-endoscopic Detection of Barrett's Esophagus (2018)

Identified MDMs discriminate BE with high accuracy. BE detection appears safe and feasible with a capsule sponge. Corroboration in larger studies is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02560623.
Individualized treatment rules: Generating candidate clinical trials (2007)

Individualized treatment rules, or rules for altering treatments over time in response to changes in individual covariates, are of primary importance in the practice of clinical medicine. Several statistical methods aim to estimate the rule, termed an optimal dynamic treatment regime, which will result in the best expected outcome in a population. In this article, we discuss estimation of an alternative type of dynamic regime-the statically optimal treatment rule. History-adjusted marginal structural models (HA-MSM) estimate individualized treatment rules that assign, at each time point, the first action of the future static treatment plan that optimizes expected outcome given a patient's covariates. However, as we discuss here, HA-MSM-derived rules can depend on the way in which treatment was assigned in the data from which the rules were derived. We discuss the conditions sufficient for treatment rules identified by HA-MSM to be statically optimal, or in other words, to select the optimal future static treatment plan at each time point, regardless of the way in which past treatment was assigned. The resulting treatment rules form appropriate candidates for evaluation using randomized controlled trials. We demonstrate that a history-adjusted individualized treatment rule is statically optimal if it depends on a set of covariates that are sufficient to control for confounding of the effect of past treatment history on outcome. Methods and results are illustrated using an example drawn from the antiretroviral treatment of patients infected with HIV. Specifically, we focus on rules for deciding when to modify the treatment of patients infected with resistant virus.
Nanoscale Morphological Characterization of Coordinated Binder and Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Silicon‐Based Electrodes for Li‐Ion Batteries (2022)

The physical crosslinking of polymeric binders through coordination chemistry significantly improves the electrochemical performance of silicon-based negative electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is used to probe the nanoscale morphology of such electrodes. This technique reveals the homogeneous coordination of carboxylated binder with Zn cations and its layering on the silicon surface. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed after the first cycle is denser with Zn-coordinated binder and preferentially observed on binder-depleted zones. The superiority of coordinated binders can be attributed to their capacity to better stabilize the electrode and the SEI layer due to improved mechanical properties. This results in a lower SEI impedance, a higher first cycle coulombic efficiency, and a 40% improvement of capacity retention after 50 cycles for highly loaded electrodes of over 6 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> .
A Novel Isopolytungstate Functionalized by Ruthenium: [HW9O33RuII2(dmso)6] 7‐. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Laser Peening without Coating to Mitigate Stress Corrosion Cracking and Fatigue Failure of Welded Components (2008)

The authors have applied laser peening without coating (LPwC) to metallic materials. Compressive residual stress nearly equal to the yield strength of the materials was imparted on the surface. Accelerating stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests showed that LPwC had a significant effect to prevent the SCC initiation of sensitized materials of SUS304, Alloy 600 and the weld metal, Alloy 182. Push-pull type fatigue testing demonstrated that LPwC drastically enhanced the fatigue strength of fillet-welded rib-plates of SM490A.
Exploiting finite precision information to guide data-flow mapping (2010)

Advanced handheld applications are demanding for implementations of higher energy efficiency and higher performance. In typical implementations, the finite precision information is only known after fixed-point refinement, once the data-flow has been frozen. Instead, in this paper we suggest the propagation of finite precision information to drive data-flow transformations in order to achieve a higher mapping efficiency. Then, provided a flexible architecture with low run-time switching overhead, the data-flow under execution can opportunistically be tuned to provide the instantaneous computational accuracy required by the application. Thereby, the average number of operations and the precision of those is minimized. This principle is demonstrated with the implementation of the 128-point FFT present in a WLAN receiver. Compared to a conventional implementation, a reduction of 49% to 65% of the number of cycles can be achieved depending on conditions external to the receiver.
Olfactory responses in a gustatory organ of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae (2006)

The proboscis is an important head appendage in insects that has primarily been thought to process gustatory information during food intake. Indeed, in Drosophila and other insects in which they have been identified, most gustatory receptors are expressed in proboscis neurons. Our previous characterization of the expression of AgOR7, a highly conserved odorant receptor (OR) of the Afrotropical malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae in the labellum at the tip of the proboscis was suggestive of a potential olfactory function in this mosquito appendage. To test this hypothesis, we used electrophysiological recording and neuronal tracing, and carried out a molecular characterization of candidate OR expression in the labellum of A. gambiae. These studies have uncovered a set of labial olfactory responses to a small spectrum of human-related odorants, such as isovaleric acid, butylamine, and several ketones and oxocarboxylic acids. Molecular analyses indicated that at least 24 conventional OR genes are expressed throughout the proboscis. Furthermore, to more fully examine AgOR expression within this tissue, we characterized the AgOR profile within a single labial olfactory sensillum. This study provides compelling data to support the hypothesis that a cryptic set of olfactory neurons that respond to a small set of odorants are present in the mouth parts of hematophagous mosquitoes. This result is consistent with an important role for the labellum in the close-range discrimination of bloodmeal hosts that directly impacts the ability of A. gambiae to transmit malaria and other diseases.
Dynamic dispersion slope monitoring of many WDM channels using dispersion-induced RF clock regeneration (2002)

We demonstrate an inline dispersion slope monitoring scheme for dynamically measuring the residual dispersion in dispersion managed fiber optic links by taking advantage of chromatic dispersion induced RF clock regeneration.
Crystal growth, structural and full optical characterizations of 3-Methyl-4-methoxy-4'-nitrostilben (MMONS) (1997)

Organic crystals with large second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibilities are of great interest because of their potential use of optical parametric generation. (1) In recent years second-order cascading effects in organic crystals draw much attention not only in the context of basic understandings of the nonlinear optical processes but also potential applications in optoelectronics.
Energy Efficient Driving and Operation Strategies Based on Situation Awareness and Reasoning (2012)

Abstract A vehicle´s basic energy consumption is determined by its design, but the driving behavior is another important factor having a major influence on the overall consumption. In this work we show how information technology can be used to gain an understanding of the whole traffic situation and use it to derive energy optimal behavior. It can be used to optimize operation strategies and in cooperation with the driver helping him to maximize fuel saving by anticipatory driving. We summarize the research challenges that need to be solved to create energy efficiency assistance systems and present an overview of our solutions.
Basis for defective responses of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid lymphocytes to anti-CD3 (T3) antibodies. (1986)

Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis characteristically respond poorly to mitogens. In this study, mitogenic antibodies reactive with the CD3(T3) antigen on human T lymphocytes were used to analyze the basis for the deficiency. OKT3-induced proliferation and release of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) from SFMC were depressed in all patients. Purified IL-1 or recombinant IL-2 restored proliferative responses in SFMC and increased IL-2 receptor density. Exogenous IL-1 also enhanced IL-2 release. Fractionation of SFMC supernatants on phosphocellulose columns revealed the presence of IL-1 and a potent IL-1 inhibitor. The monocyte-derived IL-1 inhibitor blocked IL-1-dependent responses of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes to OKT3, but had no effect on IL-2-dependent events. These results suggest that IL-1 inhibitor(s) in SFMC impair(s) OKT3-induced mitogenesis by interfering with the effects of IL-1 on T lymphocytes. The net result is deficient IL-2 secretion, IL-2 receptor expression, and impaired cellular proliferation. This novel inhibitory circuit provides a rational explanation for the diminished function of synovial fluid T lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis patients.