gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Centralised control of wind farm with doubly fed induction generators (2005)

This paper describes the development of an advanced wind farm controller for a wind farm made-up exclusively of doubly-fed generators. The overall aim of such controller is to enable the wind farms to behave as active controllable components in the power system. The attention is mainly drawn to the ability of the wind farm control strategy to regulate the wind farm power production to the reference power ordered by the system operators. The performance of the control strategy is assessed and discussed by means of normal operation simulations of a grid connected wind farm.
Functional dissection of adenovirus VAI RNA. (2020)

During the course of adenovirus infection, the VAI RNA protects the translation apparatus of host cells by preventing the activation of host double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, which phosphorylates and thereby inactivates the protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2. In the absence of VAI RNA, protein synthesis is drastically inhibited at late times in infected cells. The experimentally derived secondary structure of VAI RNA consists of two extended base-paired regions, stems I and III, which are joined by a short base-paired region, stem II, at the center. Stems I and II are joined by a small loop, A, and stem III contains a hairpin loop, B. At the center of the molecule and at the 3' side, stems II and III are connected by a short stem-loop (stem IV and hairpin loop C). A fourth, minor loop, D, exists between stems II and IV. To determine sequences and domains critical for function within this VAI RNA structure, we have constructed adenovirus mutants with linker-scan substitution mutations in defined regions of the molecule. Cells infected with these mutants were analyzed for polypeptide synthesis, virus yield, and eIF-2 alpha kinase activity. Our results showed that disruption of base-paired regions in the distal parts of the longest stems, I and III, did not affect function, whereas mutations causing structural perturbations in the central part of the molecule containing stem II, the proximal part of stem III, and the central short stem-loop led to loss of function. Surprisingly, one substitution mutant, sub742, although dramatically perturbing the integrity of the structure of this central portion, showed a wild-type phenotype, suggesting that an RNA with an alternate secondary structure is functional. On the basis of sensitivity to single-strand-specific RNases, we can derive a novel secondary structure for the mutant RNA in which a portion of the sequences may fold to form a structure that resembles the central part of the wild-type molecule, which suggests that only the short stem-loop located in the center of the molecule and the adjoining base-paired regions may define the functional domain. These results also imply that only a portion of the VAI RNA structure may be recognized by the host factor(s).
Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement of CuO–Water and ZnO–Water Nanofluids Flowing Over a Heated Plate (2019)

In this paper, experimental investigation has been performed to characterize the heat transfer behavior of CuO–water and ZnO–water nanofluids. Nanofluids containing different volume percent (vol %) of nanoparticle concentrations flowed over a flat copper plate under a constant heat load. The constant heat flux was maintained using evenly placed cartridge heaters. The heat transfer coefficients of nanofluids were measured and compared with the results obtained from identical experiments performed with de-ionized (DI) water. In order to thoroughly characterize the nanofluids, nanoparticle size was investigated to inspect for possible agglomeration. The particle size was measured by using both a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a dynamic light scattering system (DLS). Enhancement of convective heat transfer of nanofluids was 2.5–16% depending on the nanoparticle concentrations and Reynolds number. The plausible mechanisms of the enhanced thermal performance of CuO and ZnO nanofluids will be discussed in the following paper.
Possible isomers in ligand protected Ag11cluster ions identified by ion mobility mass spectrometry and fragmented by surface induced dissociation (2016)

This communication reports the identification of gas phase isomers in monolayer-protected silver clusters. Two different isomers of Ag11(SG)7(-) (SG-gulathione thiolate) with different drift times have been detected using combined electrospray ionization (ESI) and ion mobility (IM) mass spectrometry (MS). Surface induced dissociation (SID) of the 3(-) charge state of such clusters shows charge stripping to give the 1(-) charged ion with some sodium attachment, in addition to fragmentation. SID and collision induced dissociation (CID) for Ag11(SG)7(-) suggest different pathways being accessed with each method. SID was introduced for the first time for the study of monolayer-protected clusters.
Toward rational design of gene carriers: a novel ex vivo model to study the vitreoretinal interface as a barrier (2016)

Purpose The vitreoretinal interface poses a serious hurdle for the retinal delivery of viral and non‐viral gene vectors after intravitreal injection. We have therefore developed a retinal model especially designed to study to which extent the ILM is a barrier for the penetration of vectors into the retina. In contrast to all existing explant models, ours is bovine‐derived and more importantly, the vitreous remains attached to the retina at all times to guarantee an intact vitreoretinal interface. Methods To investigate the influence of nanoparticle physicochemistry on their ability to penetrate the ILM we have injected various carboxylated polystyrene particles with a size range between 20 and 200 nm intravitreally in our model. After diffusion overnight the Müller cells are stained with Mitotracker Deep red and the nuclei with Hoechst. Finally, a z‐stack of confocal images of the retina is recorded using a water dipping objective that is brought into contact with the vitreous layer on top of the retina. Results Our data clearly illustrated that the ILM significantly hinders particle penetration into the retina. We also found that this penetration is greatly size‐dependent: the cut‐off for nanoparticles to cross the ILM lies between 40 and 100 nm. Intriguingly, the particles that did cross the ILM co‐localized solely with Müller cells, indicating these cells actively capture the nanoparticles out of the ILM and shuttle them into the retina. Conclusions In conclusion, we developed a model set‐up greatly mimicking human physiology to investigate the influence of particle physicochemistry on their ability to cross the ILM after intravitreal injection. This data collection will signify a leap forward in the rational design of gene vectors with the retina as their target, since this way their design can be tuned to actual in vivo requirements.
A cytokine, lymphocyte blastogenesis inhibitory factor (LBIF), arrests mitogen‐stimulated T lymphocytes at early G1 phase with no influence on interleukin 2 production and interleukin 2 receptor light chain expression (1989)

The function of a human cytokine, lymphocyte blastogenesis inhibitory factor (LBIF), was characterized. To this end, LBIF was purified from crude supernatant of U-937 cells, a human macrophage-like cell line, by using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). We demonstrated here that (a) the LBIF preparation completely inhibited phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated T cell proliferation; (b) however, in PHA-stimulated T lymphocytes LBIF inhibited neither interleukin (IL)2 production nor the expression of IL2 receptor (IL2R) light chain (CD25) which play a critical role for T cell proliferation; (c) LBIF arrested PHA-stimulated T lymphocytes at the G1 phase of cell cycle and inhibited entry into S phase, thus inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation. Wright-Giemsa's staining of the cells showed that PHA/LBIF-stimulated cells were arrested in early G1. In agreement with this result, LBIF strongly inhibited PHA-induced RNA synthesis. Further, LBIF inhibited the induction of the transferrin receptor which is normally expressed at the late G1 phase of the cell cycle. The inhibitory activity of LBIF was reversible. Thus, this study elucidated that LBIF arrests PHA-stimulated T lymphocytes at a point between the stages of IL2 production or IL2R light chain expression (in early G1) and transferrin receptor expression (in late G1). Taken together, these results suggest that there might be a control system of T cell proliferation distinct from the previously reported mechanisms, such as the inhibition of IL2 production or the inhibition of IL2R light chain (CD25) expression, and that LBIF might be an important molecule in the regulation of normal lymphocyte proliferation.
Abstract 17485: Carotid Body Denervation Markedly Improves Survival of Hypertensive Heart Failure in Rats (2014)

Introduction: Hypertension is a major cause of heart failure. Since carotid body denervation (CBD) is known to inhibit excessive sympathoexcitation in animal models of hypertension and/or heart failure, we hypothesized that the CBD-induced sympathoinhibition improves the survival in Dahl salt-sensitive rats with high-salt diet, as an animal model of hypertensive heart failure. Methods: Dahl salt-sensitive rats with high-salt diet (8% NaCl) were randomized into CBD (N=14) and sham operated (N=18) groups. At 7 weeks of age, we removed the tissues around the carotid bifurcation and established CBD. Echocardiograms and 24-hour urinary norepinephrine (uNE) excretion as parameters of sympathoexcitation were assessed in every week. In some rats, we telemetrically recorded blood pressure. We conducted detailed physiological and histological analyses at 16 weeks. Finally, we compared the survival rate between 2 groups. Results: At 11 weeks of age, CBD did not alter blood pressure (162±15 vs. 169±12 mmHg, NS) or uNE (0.9±0.5 vs. 1.1±0.5 μg/day, NS, Fig 1). In contrast, at 14 weeks of age, CBD significantly reduced the development of hypertension (209±14 vs. 228±11 mmHg, p Conclusions: CBD significantly inhibited the sympathoexcitation, attenuated the development of hypertension and improved survival in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. CBD could be a new therapeutic strategy for hypertensive heart failure.
Asymmetric Induction by Chiral Borate Anions in Enantioselective Hydrogenation using a Racemic RhBinap Catalyst (2009)

With a little help from my friend: Combination of the racemic binap ligand with enantiopure bis-(S)-binol-borate anion results in enantioselectivities up to 57 % ee in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of dimethyl itaconate, which corresponds to 85 % of the asymmetric induction caused by the enantiopure binap ligand.
Chronic Blockade of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii Is Prohypertensive in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (2008)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) within brain stem neurons has been implicated in hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Previously, we demonstrated elevated expression of PI3K subunits in rostral ventrolateral medulla and paraventricular nucleus of SHRs compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats. Here, we considered expression levels of PI3K in the nucleus tractus solitarii, a pivotal region in reflex regulation of arterial pressure, and determined its functional role for arterial pressure homeostasis in SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats. We found elevated mRNA levels of p110beta and p110delta catalytic PI3K subunits in the nucleus tractus solitarii of adult (12 to 14 weeks old) SHRs relative to the age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (fold differences relative to beta-actin: 1.7+/-0.2 versus 1.01+/-0.08 for p110beta, n=6, P<0.05; 1.62+/-0.15 versus 1.02+/-0.1 for p110delta, n=6, P<0.05). After chronic blockade of PI3K signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarii by lentiviral-mediated expression of a mutant form of p85alpha, systolic pressure increased from 175+/-3 mm Hg to 191+/-6 mm Hg (P<0.01) in SHRs but not in Wistar-Kyoto rats. In addition, heart rate increased (from 331+/-6 to 342+/-6 bpm; P<0.05) and spontaneous baroreflex gain decreased (from 0.7+/-0.07 to 0.5+/-0.04 ms/mm Hg; P<0.001) in the SHRs. Thus, PI3K signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarii of SHR restrains arterial pressure in this animal model of neurogenic hypertension.
High-Current Photodetectors as Efficient and High-Power RF Output Stages (2006)

This paper describes an improved photodetector design which demonstrates excellent large- and small-signal behavior. Maximum small-signal compression currents have increased to over 700 mA at 300 MHz. Output RF power amplifier stage efficiencies of 40% (class AB operation) and over 27% (class A) has been achieved from 0.3 to 6 GHz with RF power outputs over +24 dBm
Visual Information Sensing Technology. Arbitrarily Focused Image Acquisition by Using Multiple Differently Focused Images. (1997)

In this paper we propose a novel method of arbitrarily focused image acquisition using multiple differently focused images. Based on the assumption that depth of the scene changes stepwise, we derive a formula between the desired arbitrarily focused image and multiple acquired images; we can reconstruct the arbitrarily focused image by iterative use of the formula. We show we can reconstruct arbitrarily focused images for natural scenes. In other words, we can simulate virtual cameras and synthesize images focused on arbitrary depths. Our method needs only Point Spread Functions (PSFs) of acquired images for reconstruction and does not need any spatial segmentation. We also present our method of analysis of camera features; we analyze the relation between PSFs and camera parameters for test scenes. Then using the relation we can generate the desired arbitrarily focused images without any preprocessings for determining PSFs of the acquired images.
Graph Codes for Distributed Instant Message Collection in an Arbitrary Noisy Broadcast Network (2015)

We consider the problem of minimizing the number of broadcasts for collecting all sensor measurements at a sink node in a noisy broadcast sensor network. Focusing first on arbitrary network topologies, we provide (i) fundamental limits on the required number of broadcasts of data gathering, and (ii) a general in-network computing strategy to achieve an upper bound within factor $\log N$ of the fundamental limits, where $N$ is the number of agents in the network. Next, focusing on two example networks, namely, \textcolor{black}{arbitrary geometric networks and random Erd$\ddot{o}$s-R$\acute{e}$nyi networks}, we provide improved in-network computing schemes that are optimal in that they attain the fundamental limits, i.e., the lower and upper bounds are tight \textcolor{black}{in order sense}. Our main techniques are three distributed encoding techniques, called graph codes, which are designed respectively for the above-mentioned three scenarios. Our work thus extends and unifies previous works such as those of Gallager [1] and Karamchandani~\emph{et. al.} [2] on number of broadcasts for distributed function computation in special network topologies, while bringing in novel techniques, e.g., from error-control coding and noisy circuits, for both upper and lower bounds.
Potent Inhibition of HIV‐1 Entry with a Chemically Programmed Antibody Aided by an Efficient Organocatalytic Synthesis (2010)

An organocatalytic conspiracy: Organocatalysis and an organocatalytic antibody conspire to create a novel HIV-1 entry inhibitor. A D-proline catalyzed aldol reaction was used to set the key stereochemistry of CCR5 inhibitor, Aplaviroc, prior to introduction as a targeting unit for chemical programming of aldolase antibody 38C2. The resulting antibody conjugate was a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 and SIV entry. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An alternative system for cerebrovascular reconstructions: non-penetrating arcuate-legged clips (2001)

Non-penetrating, arcuate-legged titanium clips (VCS) have been utilized successfully over the past five years for a variety of cerebrovascular reconstructions. These applications, including both micro and macrovascular reconstructions, their clinical outcomes and technical considerations are described. Applications include patch angioplasty of cervical carotid endarterectomies, superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery 'bypass' procedures, Takayasu's arteritis and cavernous carotid reconstructions. The non-penetrating clip has proven to be a safe and reliable alternative to suture for these demanding reconstructions. Clips provide the advantages of improved anastomotic compliance, reduced operative time, and reduced incidence of post-operative anastomotic intimal hyperplasia and stenosis. Clip related pitfalls are discussed with recommendations regarding usage.
Deep RNA profiling identified CLOCK and molecular clock genes as pathophysiological signatures in collagen VI myopathy (2016)

Collagen VI myopathies are genetic disorders caused by mutations in collagen 6 A1, A2 and A3 genes, ranging from the severe Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy to the milder Bethlem myopathy, which is recapitulated by collagen-VI-null (Col6a1(-/-)) mice. Abnormalities in mitochondria and autophagic pathway have been proposed as pathogenic causes of collagen VI myopathies, but the link between collagen VI defects and these metabolic circuits remains unknown. To unravel the expression profiling perturbation in muscles with collagen VI myopathies, we performed a deep RNA profiling in both Col6a1(-/-)mice and patients with collagen VI pathology. The interactome map identified common pathways suggesting a previously undetected connection between circadian genes and collagen VI pathology. Intriguingly, Bmal1(-/-)(also known as Arntl) mice, a well-characterized model displaying arrhythmic circadian rhythms, showed profound deregulation of the collagen VI pathway and of autophagy-related genes. The involvement of circadian rhythms in collagen VI myopathies is new and links autophagy and mitochondrial abnormalities. It also opens new avenues for therapies of hereditary myopathies to modulate the molecular clock or potential gene-environment interactions that might modify muscle damage pathogenesis.
An improved upper bound on the minimum distance of doubly-even self-dual codes (2000)

We derive a new upper bound on the minimum distance d of doubly-even self-dual codes of length n. Asymptotically, for n growing, it gives lim/sub n/spl rarr//spl infin// sup d/n/spl les/(5-5/sup 3/4/)/10<0.165630, thus improving on the Mallows-Odlyzko-Sloane bound of 1/6 and our recent bound of 0.166315.
Supplementary Tables from The Effect of Mouse Strain, Sex, and Carcinogen Dose on Toxicity and the Development of Lung Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Weight changes in different treatment groups for each mouse strain. Supplementary Table S2. Weight change in NTCU treated mice is sex independent. Supplementary Table S3. Survival in NTCU treated mice is sex independent. Supplementary Table S4. Immune phenotype of splenocytes from FVB and NIH Swiss mice treated 4 weeks with 40mM NTCU either subsequent or concomitant to vaccination with IGF1R. Supplementary Table S5. Immune phenotype of splenocytes from NIH Swiss and FVB mice treated with NTCU for 24-32 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;
Accuracy of Assessing Magnification in Total Hip Arthroplasty Radiographs Utilizing a Two-Ball Bearing Marker (2018)

This study evaluated the accuracy of a two-ball bearing radiographic marker on assessing the true magnification of post-operative total hip arthroplasty (THA) films.The effects of body mass index (BMI) and height on the measured error rates were also examined.We retrospectively reviewed 211 consecutive THA films.The implanted hemispherical acetabular component size was used to calculate the actual magnification.The average film magnification was 118.7%.There was a mean measured error rate of 1.27% (SD = 3.32) for this marker.No significant difference was found between measurements on consecutive post-operative films (n=52).BMI and height did not demonstrate any effect on error rate.These results support the use of this two-ball bearing marker as a reliable instrument for assessing x-ray magnification in pre-operative templating.
Characterizing large DNS traces using graphs (2001)

The increasing deployment of overlay networks that rely on DNS tricks has led to added interest in examining DNS traffic. In this paper we report on a characterization of DNS traffic gathered over a period of several weeks at Internet Gateway Routers (IGRs) in the AT&T Common Backbone. The characterization is carried out using several novel techniques to identify clients, local DNS servers, and authoritative DNS servers. Our techniques include passive and active measurements, graph-based analysis, examination of outliers, and explicit checks against data obtained from several external sources. Our contribution is the reduction of a very large data set (over 1 terabyte of raw data) into a significantly smaller representation that is ideally suited for answering protocol-specific semantic queries quickly. After categorizing the addresses, we use the network aware clustering technique to group local DNS servers. By juxtaposing the DNS server clusters with clusters formed by Web clients obtained from a large portal Web site, we determine the distribution of identified DNS servers in busy clusters. A variety of applications are examined, ranging from identifying suspected zombies to helping Content Distribution Networks in mapping location of DNS servers.
Covalent Inhibition of Wild-Type HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Using a Fluorosulfate Warhead (2021)

Covalent inhibitors of wild-type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (CRTIs) are reported. Three compounds derived from catechol diether non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNRTIs) with addition of a fluorosulfate warhead are demonstrated to covalently modify Tyr181 of HIV-RT. X-ray crystal structures for complexes of the CRTIs with the enzyme are provided, which fully demonstrate the covalent attachment, and confirmation is provided by appropriate mass shifts in ESI-TOF mass spectra. The three CRTIs and six noncovalent analogues are found to be potent inhibitors with both IC<sub>50</sub> values for in vitro inhibition of WT RT and EC<sub>50</sub> values for cytopathic protection of HIV-1-infected human T-cells in the 5-320 nM range.