gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large strain transduction utilizing phase transition in relaxor-ferroelectric Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 single crystals (2011)

In this work, we present experimental evidence that under relatively low level drive (&amp;lt;0.1 MV/m) the large strain (∼0.5%) associated with ferroelectric rhombohedral FR-ferroelectric orthorhombic FO phase transition in domain engineered relaxor–ferroelectric single crystals under compressive stress and bias electric field can be captured. We have demonstrated this in mechanically confined ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 single crystals poised at the rhombohedral side of the morphotropic phase boundary. Experimental strain-field results, methods of mechanical confinement and drive, and a low frequency, compact, high source level sound projector design are presented. Transducers that operate on a large strain principle as a design rule will benefit from this development.
Operational aspects of linear lambda calculus (2003)

It is proved that the standard sequent calculus proof system of linear logic is equivalent to a natural deduction style proof system. The natural deduction system is used to investigate the pragmatic problems of type inference and type safety for a linear lambda calculus. Although terms do not have a single most-general type (for either the standard sequent presentation or the natural deduction formulation), there is a set of most-general types that may be computed using unification. The natural deduction system also facilitates the proof that the type of an expression is preserved by any evaluation step. An execution model and implementation is described, using a variant of the three-instruction machine. A novel feature of the implementation is that garbage-collected nonlinear memory is distinguished from linear memory, which does not require garbage collection and for which it is possible to do secure update in place.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reflected waves and their associated current [in IGBT VSIs] (1999)

Reflected-wave transient voltages that result from fast insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) voltage-source inverters have received considerable investigation. The modeling and simulation of these transients require sophisticated motor and cable models. Most voltage-source pulsewidth modulated (PWM) adjustable-speed drive suppliers now provide combinations of passive and active control techniques to mitigate the adverse effects of overvoltage stress, however, the costs of the passive fixes often exceed the cost of the drive. Another aspect of low-rise-time devices, heretofore not examined to the extent of the overvoltage problem, is the resulting current from traveling waves. In this paper, a historical perspective of the overvoltage problem is presented. Models of system components are reviewed, and simulation results are compared with experimental results. These models are then employed to predict the peak currents from voltage-source inverters as the cable, load, and IGBT rise time are altered. The paper will then examine the consequences of reflected wave currents on current sensing, drive control and device performance. From these results, a minimum rise time is established.
ChemInform Abstract: Exceptional Efficacy of Some New Lacunar Dioxygen Carriers Based on Schiff Bases Derived from β‐Diketones and Triamines. (1988)

Abstract The new lacunar pentadentate Schiff base complexes (I) and (II) provide a protected cavity for O 2 binding.
Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Mucin‐Like Glycoproteins (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Time resolved charge profiling of polarization dipoles in high power 525 nm green GaInN/GaN light emitting structures (2006)

Abstract A charge profiling of GaInN/GaN hetero‐polarization structures typical for high power 525 nm green light emitting diodes is presented. We identify three individual charge maxima of some 1.17 × 10 12 cm –2 electrons with a line width as narrow as 17 nm corresponding to three individual but widely separated quantum wells. The sheet charge density indicates negligible screening of the polarization charges. The voltage required to deplete each well is found to be Δ U = –0.4 ± 0.1 V and approximates the voltage drop across the polarization dipole of the quantum well. The modulation frequency dependence reveals a characteristic time constant of 1 μs for the dominant trapping and ionization process. Such analysis of high performance green light emitters proves a suitable tool for further device optimization. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
BAW Technologies: Development and Applications within STREP-IST European Projects (2006)

International audience
The Application of AsymmetricHydrogenation for the Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Intermediates:The Need for Catalyst Diversity (2003)

Asymmetric hydrogenation is becoming an increasingly prevalent technology for the manufacture of complex pharmaceutical intermediates. Drawing from Chirotech's experience over the past eight years, this article emphasises the need for a diverse catalyst collection in providing practical solutions for a wide range of target compounds.
FAT1: a potential target for monoclonal antibody therapy in colon cancer (2016)

This study provides evidence that FAT1 and mAb198.3 may offer new therapeutic opportunities for CRC including the tumours resistant to current EGFR-targeted therapies.
Digital watermarking using homogeneity in image (2004)

A new technique of digital watermarking for gray-level images is reported in this paper. Digital watermarking/hiding has emerged as a new area of research in connection to intellectual property (IP) protection of images. The redundancy in image representation can be exploited successfully to hide some characteristic information in images, without noticeable distortion. Hidden information after extraction, can be used to protect copyright. This article deals with a block-based technique for inserting a copyright mark (invisible logo) into a gray-level image. The robustness of the proposed method has been tested against non-destructive attacks like mean and median filtering.
VectorMOD: Method for Bottom-Up Proteomic Characterization of rAAV Capsid Post-Translational Modifications and Vector Impurities (2021)

Progress in recombinant AAV gene therapy product and process development has advanced our understanding of the basic biology of this critical delivery vector. The discovery of rAAV capsid post-translational modifications (PTMs) has spurred interest in the field for detailed rAAV-specific methods for vector lot characterization by mass spectrometry given the unique challenges presented by this viral macromolecular complex. Recent concerns regarding immunogenic responses to systemically administered rAAV at high doses has highlighted the need for investigators to catalog and track potentially immunogenic vector lot components including capsid PTMs and PTMs on host cell protein impurities. Here we present a simple step-by-step guide for academic rAAV laboratories and Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control (CMC) groups in industry to perform an in-house or outsourced bottom-up mass spectrometry workflow to characterize capsid PTMs and process impurities.
Blockchain technology in the smart city: a bibliometric review (2021)

Blockchain can function as a foundational technology with numerous applications in smart cities. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it provides a detailed overview of the extant literature on blockchain applications in smart cities; second, it reveals the trends and suggests future research directions for scholars who wish to contribute to this rapidly growing field. We conducted a bibliometric review using a keyword co-occurrence network and article co-citation analysis. The analysis includes the assessment of 148 articles published between 2016 and 2020 in 76 academic journals. The review results demonstrate that the number of articles devoted to the study of blockchain applications and smart cities has increased exponentially in recent years. More importantly, the research identifies some of the most influential studies in this area. The paper discusses trends and highlights the challenges related to the deployment of blockchain in smart cities. To the authors' best knowledge, this represents the first study to review the literature from leading journals on blockchain applications in smart cities using bibliometric techniques.
Decentralized nonlinear stabilizing control using state-space linearization (2003)

This paper describes a nonlinear stabilizing control scheme for generator and simulator test results to verify effects of the proposed control system on improvement of power system stability. In order to improve the stability in a wide range operating condition, nonlinear control schemes for generators have been proposed. The authors have confirmed the effect of the nonlinear controller by digital simulation. Then, the generator control system was designed using an exact linearization approach toward a one machine-infinite bus model, and the use of a digital signal processor (DSP) as an external controller enabling realization of a nonlinear control block diagram by software. Furthermore to evaluate the dynamic performance of this controller for nonlinear operating points, simulator tests were performed using a real-time digital simulator (RTDS). The effect of the nonlinear control was compared with the effect of (/spl Delta/P+/spl Delta//spl omega/) input type conventional linear PSS.
Abstract 20053: Strong Regenerative Potential of Autologous Vascularized Matrix for Atrial Patch Replacement (2014)

Background: Several patch materials are used to replace diseased cardiac tissue segments. Most of these conduits represent either non-viable materials or bio-artificial grafts with high susceptibility to infection, tissue degeneration and calcification. Hereby, we present our experience of using autologous vascularized matrix (AutoVaM) as a viable graft for myocardial tissue repair. Methods and Results: AutoVaM patches based on small bowel segments without mucosa with adjacent jejunal artery and vein were used for the replacement of right atrial (RA) defects (2x3 cm) in pigs (n=6). The AutoVaMs were revascularized by connecting jejunal vessels to the right internal thoracic artery and vein. Intraoperative angiography revealed regular blood perfusion of the patches. Autologous pericardium grafts were used as controls (N=6). Complications such as bleeding, graft rupture or dislodgement did not occur. Histological investigations (up to 6 months) by using Nkx 2.5 and myosin heavy chain revealed newly formed cardiomyocytes inside of AutoVaM explants mostly localized in a disseminated pattern in close proximity to mesenteric capillaries. With increasing time these cells showed strong tendency to form islets and to communicate with each other via Connexin 43 containing gap-junctions. In contrast, pericardial patches appeared as a fibrotic tissue with no evidence of myocytes inside the patch. Based on these experimental results, 2 patients, one with myocardial sarcoma and one with thymus-carcinoma with atrial involvement underwent subtotal resection of the RA. Resulting defects were grafted using AutoVaM. No signs of thromboembolic complications or endocarditis were observed. Follow-up angiography revealed patent jejunal vessels and permeable capillary bed of the cardiac neo-chamber. Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) revealed systolic and diastolic motion of the graft along with the left atrium during the cardiac cycle. In one patient 2 years follow-up TEE showed an RA ejection fraction of 25%. Conclusion: RA replacement with vascularized intestinal graft is more superior then pericardium in terms of higher regenerative potential by repopulation with cardiomyocytes. The procedure is clinically safe and promising.
High Carrier Mobility in Mesophase of a Dithienothiophene Derivative (2009)

A small dithienothiophene core compound 2,6-dihexanoyldithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]thiophene was synthesized and its electric properties were evaluated. The carrier mobility in the mesophase was measured by time-of-flight transient photocurrent technique. The mobility reached around 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 for holes and 0.05 cm2 V-1 s-1 for electrons, which is the highest level measured in the mesophases by time-of-flight method. The field effect mobility was evaluated for vapor-deposited thin films on an amorphous fluoropolymer insulator. Only p-type operation was observed and the hole mobility dropped to 1.5×10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 due to poor injection from the source/drain electrodes.
Lack of prognostic significance of SPECT abnormalities in non-demented elderly subjects with memory loss. (1999)

We conclude that SPECT abnormalities assessed by visual inspection do not correlate with severity of impairment in AACD individuals, and are not useful in predicting progression to dementia in AACD subjects.
Coordinated Operation of Energy Storage Systems for Distributed Harmonic Compensation in Microgrids (2020)

Energy storage systems (ESSs) bring various opportunities for a more reliable and flexible operation of microgrids (MGs). Among them, energy arbitrage and ancillary services are the most investigated application of ESSs. Furthermore, it has been shown that some other services could also be provided by ESSs such as power quality (PQ) improvements. This issue could be more challenging in MGs with widespread nonlinear loads injecting harmonic currents to the MG. In this paper, the feasibility of ESSs to act as coordinated active harmonic filters (AHF) for distributed compensation was investigated. An optimization model was proposed for the coordination of the harmonic compensation activities of ESSs. The model takes into account the various technical and systematic constraints to economically determine the required reference currents of various AHFs. Simulation cases showed the performance of the proposed model for enhancing the harmonic filtering capability of the MG, reduction in the compensation cost, and more flexibility of the distributed harmonic compensation schemes. It was also shown that ESS activities in harmonic compensation do not have much of an effect on the ESSs revenue from energy arbitrage. Hence, it could make ESSs more justifiable for use in MGs.
Augmented Tutoring: Enhancing Simulation Based Training through Model Tracing and Real-Time Neurophysiological Sensing (2005)

Military training simulations provide rich and engaging environments for personnel to develop and maintain mission critical knowledge and skills. However, these systems generally lack the capacity to diagnose student difficulties in real-time and provide automatic, context specific assistance to learners. The lack of pedagogical diagnosis and guidance has several implications for the effectiveness and efficiency of the training process. Without feedback, students can take problem solving paths that deviate far from the solution. Besides introducing inefficiencies, the lack of appropriate guidance can contribute to unproductive floundering and induce confusion and frustration among students. In this paper we describe a set of diagnostic technologies that could provide the basis for inferring both a student’s immediate problem solving context and underlying cognitive state. Dynamic guidance within simulation environments based on such a comprehensive assessment of student state could serve to raise both the efficiency and effectiveness of military training simulations.
Regulation of the Chromaffin Granule Catecholamine Transporter in Cultured Bovine Adrenal Medullary Cells: Stimulus–Biosynthesis Coupling (1992)

The transsynaptic induction of the monoamine transporter present on the membrane of chromaffin granules was studied in primary cultures of dissociated bovine adrenomedullary cells submitted to a chronic secretory stimulation. The amount of the vesicular monoamine transporter was assayed by binding of the specific ligand [3H]-dihydrotetrabenazine. After several days of incubation in the presence of high potassium, the concentration of [3H]-dihydrotetrabenazine binding sites was increased by a 1.5-2.5 factor. This increase was smaller in the presence of the cholinergic agonist carbachol. The long-term inductions of the vesicular monoamine transporter, of tyrosine hydroxylase, and of acetylcholinesterase were of similar magnitude. Under the same conditions, we found no variation in either the activities of other catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes (dopamine beta-hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase), or in metabolic enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase, and a decrease in the cellular content of chromogranin A and cytochrome b-561. The induction of the vesicular monoamine transporter was inhibited by the calcium channel antagonists, fluspirilene and nifedipine, and was increased by the agonist Bay K 8644. It was abolished by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. These results indicate that calcium entry into chromaffin cells increases the synthesis of the vesicular monoamine transporter, presumably by transcriptional activation. Elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP concentration or activation of protein kinase C also induced an increase in the expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter. Our results confirm that components of storage vesicle membranes are differentially regulated in response to secretory stimulation, as are several cytosolic or intravesicular soluble proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate ameliorates H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway (2015)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) causes cell damage via oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant enzyme that can protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated whether the heme precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) could protect cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced hypertrophy via modulation of HO-1 expression. HL-1 cells pretreated with/without 5-ALA and SFC were exposed to H2O2 to induce a cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model. Hypertrophy was evaluated by planar morphometry, (3)H-leucine incorporation, and RT-PCR analysis of hypertrophy-related gene expressions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed by 5/6-chloromethyl-2',7'-ichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetylester. HO-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot. In our experiments, HL-1 cells were transfected with Nrf2 siRNA or treated with a signal pathway inhibitor. We found several results. 1) ROS production, cell surface area, protein synthesis, and expressions of hypertrophic marker genes, including atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic factor, and β-myosin heavy chain, were decreased in HL-1 cells pretreated with 5-ALA and SFC. 2) 5-ALA and SFC increased HO-1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, associated with upregulation of Nrf2. Notably, Nrf2 siRNA dramatically reduced HO-1 expression in HL-1 cells. 3) ERK1/2, p38, and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways were activated and modulate 5-ALA- and SFC-enhanced HO-1 expression. SB203580 (p38 kinase), PD98059 (ERK), or SP600125 (JNK) inhibitors significantly reduced this effect. In conclusion, our data suggest that 5-ALA and SFC protect HL-1 cells from H2O2-induced cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
A Convergent Three-Component Total Synthesis of the Powerful Immunosuppressant (−)-Sanglifehrin A (2002)

The potent immunosuppressive agent (-)-sanglifehrin A (5), initially discovered in a soil sample from Malawi, has been synthesized in a highly convergent and stereocontrolled manner. The enantioselective approach relies on initial construction of the iodovinyl carboxylic acid 14, which is coupled to tripeptide 59 in advance of a key macrolactonization step that generates 61a. An alternative protocol that involves the linkage of 14 to 46 for possible construction of the large ring failed due to an inability to bring about a corresponding macrolactamization maneuver. An efficient means for elaborating the C26-N42 spirolactam western sector of 5 is also detailed. This requisite fragment was assembled through the proper adaptation of consecutive aldol tactics for construction of the nine stereogenic centers, six of which are contiguous. The first aldol process consisted of the tin triflate-mediated reaction of the aldehyde derived from 72 with enantiopure ketone 73 to generate the syn C36-C37 relationship resident in 75. Once the conversion of 75 to 78 had been completed, the attachment to ketone 66 was effected with (+)-DIPCl, thereby setting the C33-C34 relationship as anti. Once functional group modifications had given rise to 62, spirolactamization was achieved to deliver predominantly 94, thereby setting the stage for the acquisition of vinyl stannane 13 and its subsequent palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling to 61b. Controlled acidic hydrolysis completed the synthesis of 5. Other important features of the present route are addressed where relevant.
Phase II neoadjuvant (N-) gemcitabine (G) and pembrolizumab (P) for locally advanced urothelial cancer (laUC): Interim results from the cisplatin (C)-ineligible cohort of GU14-188. (2020)

5019 Background: Patients (pts) with laUC who are C-ineligible have inferior survival compared to counterparts who receive C based N-therapy and have a pathologic response at radical cystectomy (RC). Cohort 2 (C2) of the GU14-188 trial is designed to assess the tolerability and efficacy of N- G and P in laUC pts who are C-ineligible. Methods: Eligible pts for C2 were surgical candidates and C-ineligible with cT2-4aN0M0 bladder UC or mixed histology. Enrollment followed a Simon 2-stage design for H 0 of interval futility which was rejected at stage 1, and fully enrolled. Pts were treated with N- G (1000mg/m 2 ) on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28 day cycle (cy) for a total of 3 cy, and overlapped with P 200mg every 3wks starting on cy 1 day 8 x 5 doses. Minimum criteria for evaluation of safety: 1 dose of P, and for efficacy: 2 doses P and RC. The primary endpoint of pathologic muscle invasive response rate (PaIR, ≤pT1N0) was assessed at RC and designed for 86% power, 4% significance to detect PaIR difference from 18 to 40%. Molecular subtyping is planned. Results: 37 pts were enrolled to C2 with a median (mdn) age of 72, 70% male, 55% &gt; cT2. C-ineligibility was due to renal function (49%), hearing (30%), neuropathy (12%). Mdn per-pt doses given (intended) for P:5(5) and G:9(9). The PaIR was 51.6% (95%CI 0.35, 0.68), P0 (ypT0N0) rate of 45.2%, and neither correlated with baseline PD-L1 score. Downstage to PaIR occurred in 57% of pts with cT2, and 47% of &gt; cT2. Mdn time to RC from last dose was 5.6wks. Six were not included in the primary analysis: 3 (8.1%) did not have RC due to progression (RFS censored), 2 did not receive required protocol therapy, and 1 withdrew consent. At mdn follow up of 10.8mo (4-24), the estimated 12mo RFS, OS, and DSS is 74.9%, 93.8%, and 100%, respectively. Treatment related AE included grade (gr) 3/4 neutropenia (24%), anemia (13%), and platelets (5%). There were no gr 4 non-heme AE, and of 14 (36%) pts with gr 3, 12 did not preclude RC. Of these, there were 4 gr 3 investigator assessed immune related adverse events (IAirAE) of pneumonitis (5%), colitis (3%), and AST elevation (3%). Though IAirAE improved, protocol therapy was discontinued in 3 pts: 2 did not have RC due to progression. Conclusion: N- G with P in C-ineligible pts with laUC is feasible with manageable toxicity, and has a pathologic downstage rate comparable to standard of care in the C-eligible population. G and P warrants further study with component contribution as a C- free N- option in laUC. Clinical trial information: NCT02365766 .