gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical, In Vitro, and In Vivo Study (1989)

Antacids used to decrease phosphorus absorption in patients with renal failure may be toxic. To find more efficient or less toxic binders, a three-part study was conducted. First, theoretical calculations showed that phosphorus binding occurs in the following order of avidity: Al3+ > H+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+. In the presence of acid (as in the stomach), aluminum can therefore bind phosphorus better than calcium or magnesium. Second, in vitro studies showed that the time required to reach equilibrium varied from 10 min to 3 wk among different compounds, depending upon solubility in acid and neutral solutions. Third, the relative order of effectiveness of binders in vivo was accurately predicted from theoretical and in vitro results; specifically, calcium acetate and aluminum carbonate gel were superior to calcium carbonate or calcium citrate in inhibiting dietary phosphorus absorption in normal subjects. We concluded that: (a) inhibition of phosphorus absorption by binders involves a complex interplay between chemical reactions and ion transport processes in the stomach and small intestine; (b) theoretical and in vitro studies can identify potentially better in vivo phosphorus binders; and (c) calcium acetate, not previously used for medical purposes, is approximately as efficient as aluminum carbonate gel and more efficient as a phosphorus binder than other currently used calcium salts.
On the Dual-Decomposition-Based Resource and Power Allocation with Sleeping Strategy for Heterogeneous Networks (2015)

In this paper, the problem of radio and power resource management in long term evolution heterogeneous networks (LTE HetNets) is investigated. The goal is to minimize the total power consumption of the network while satisfying the user quality of service determined by each target data rate. We study the model where one macrocell base station is placed in the cell center, and multiple small cell base stations and femtocell access points are distributed around it. The dual decomposition technique is adopted to jointly optimize the power and carrier allocation in the downlink direction in addition to the selection of turned off small cell base stations. Our numerical results investigate the performance of the proposed scheme versus different system parameters and show an important saving in terms of total power consumption.
Gene expression informatics with an automatic histogram-type membership function for non-uniform data (2010)

The non-uniformity of gene expression data is one of the factors that make gene expression analysis difficult. Gene expression data often do not follow a normal distribution but rather various distributions within each group. Thus, it is impossible to apply basic statistical techniques such as the t-test. In this study, we have developed an analysis method for gene expression data obtained by microarrays using a fuzzy logic algorithm with original membership functions. The method automatically evaluates the data from a histogram of gene expression information for a patient group. Using this method, we predicted the efficacy of an anti-TNF-α treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. We created a prediction model for the effects of 14 weeks of anti-TNF-α treatment based on the gene expression data from the peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients before the treatment. The model had a predictive success of 89% in the model-establishing data group, 94% in the training group, and 89% in the validation group. The results suggest that the method presented here could be an extremely effective tool for gene expression analysis.
The V distributed system (1988)

The V distributed System was developed at Stanford University as part of a research project to explore issues in distributed systems. Aspects of the design suggest important directions for the design of future operating systems and communication systems.
Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids: Technology Review (2002)

During the American Chemical Society National meeting in San Diego, April 1-5, 2001, scientists and engineers from academia, industry, and government research laboratories met for a symposium to discuss Green (or Greener) Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids. The symposium was very successful, with excellent attendance and participation, and generated significant interest from the media, reflected by an article covering the meeting in the New York Times, and a follow-up on-line educational supplement. Towards the end of the weeklong symposium, an evening special Technology Review Session was held, sponsored by the Department of the Army, Army Research Office. The objective of this special session was to review the status and promise of ionic liquids (ILs) for a wide range of new, improved, or more environmentally benign chemical technologies in catalysis, synthesis, separations, and electrochemistry, particularly with relevance to Department of Defense (DoD) issues. The goals of the technology review were to provide a critical assessment of current knowledge in the field, to identify the promise of ionic liquids for the future and to identify key DoD needs for improved technologies that could benefit from applied IL research and development.
A graphical display system for animating mapped cardiac potentials (2002)

A graphical display system for animating mapped cardiac potentials is described. The system displays recorded voltages from 121 epicardial electrodes simultaneously on a computer monitor using color to indicate the magnitude of the voltage. Numerous options accessible through the mouse-driven user interface provide the user with a high degree of interaction with the data. The user can observe the changes in the recorded voltages over time by defining a portion of the data over which to animate the voltages. Animation speeds of up to 2 1/4 frames per second can be achieved, depending on the workstation used. Use of the graphical display system provides a new tool for studying the electrical conduction properties of the heart. Through its use, a more complete understanding (and potentially a more effective treatment) of arrhythmias might be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Just in time indexing for up to the second search (2007)

E-commerce and intranet search systems require newly arriving content to be indexed and made available for search within minutes or hours of arrival. Applications such as file system and email search demand even faster turnaround from search systems, requiring new content to become available for search almost instantaneously. However, incrementally updating inverted indices, which are the predominant datastructure used in search engines, is an expensive operation that most systems avoid performing at high rates.
Kinematics and laxity of a linked total elbow arthroplasty following computer navigated implant positioning (2012)

Aseptic loosening in total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) remains the most common cause of long-term failure. While several different mechanisms of implant loosening have been suggested, it is likely that one important underlying cause is implant malpositioning, resulting in changes in joint kinematics and loading. Although use of computer navigation has been shown to improve component positioning in other joints, no such system currently exists for the elbow. This study used real-time computer feedback for humeral, ulnar, and radial component positioning in 11 cadaveric extremities. An elbow motion simulator evaluated joint kinematics. Endosteal abutment of the stems of the humeral and ulnar components precluded optimal positioning in 5 and 6 specimens, respectively. Loss of the normal valgus angulation following elbow arthroplasty (p < 0.05) suggests that errors in humeral component positioning translate directly into changes in joint kinematics during active motion. These findings suggest that although computer navigation can reproduce normal joint kinematics, optimal implant positioning may require a TEA system which allows for some modularity to accommodate the normal variations in osseous morphology of the elbow.
Mechanism investigation of Sb-doping induced large-grain Cu(InGa)Se2 films processed from quaternary targets (2019)

In this study, In order to investigate the effects of Sb-doping induced grain growth of Cu(InGa)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (CIGS) films processed from quaternary target, thin metallic Sb layers have been deposited in the bottom, in the middle and on the top of CIGS layer, respectively. The effects of temperature on Sb-doped CIGS grain size are explored. These results demonstrate that the incorporated Sb in the bottom and middle of CIGS films could significantly increase the grain size of films at selenization temperature of 500 °C, while the incorporated Sb on the top of CIGS takes little effect on grain growth.
A wideband satcom based avionics network with CDMA uplink and TDM downlink (2000)

The purpose of this paper is to describe some key technical ideas behind our vision of a future satcom based digital communication network for avionics applications The key features of our design are as follows: (a) Packetized transmission to permit efficient use of system resources for multimedia traffic; (b) A time division multiplexed (TDM) satellite downlink whose physical layer is designed to operate the satellite link at maximum power efficiency. We show how powerful turbo codes (invented originally for linear modulation) can be used with nonlinear constant envelope modulation, thus permitting the satellite amplifier to operate in a power efficient nonlinear regime; (c) A code division multiple access (CDMA) satellite uplink, which permits efficient access to the satellite from multiple asynchronous users. Closed loop power control is difficult for bursty packetized traffic, especially given the large round trip delay to the satellite. We show how adaptive interference suppression techniques can be used to deal with the ensuing near-far problem; (d) Joint source-channel coding techniques are required both at the physical and the data transport layer to optimize the end-to-end performance. We describe a novel approach to multiple description image encoding at the data transport layer in this paper.
Observation of an Effective Magnetic field for Light (2013)

Photons are neutral particles that do not interact directly with a magnetic field. However, recent theoretical work has shown that an effective magnetic field for photons can exist if the phase of light would change with its propagating direction. This direction-dependent phase indicates the presence of an effective magnetic field as shown for electrons experimentally in the Aharonov-Bohm experiment. Here we replicate this experiment using photons. In order to create this effective magnetic field, we construct an on-chip silicon-based Ramsey-type interferometer. This interferometer has been traditionally used to probe the phase of atomic states, and here we apply it to probe the phase of photonic states. We experimentally observe a phase change, i.e. an effective magnetic field flux from 0 to 2pi. In an Aharonov-Bohm configuration for electrons, considering the device geometry, this flux corresponds to an effective magnetic field of 0.2 Gauss.
Amino Acid Analysis, Using Postcolumn Ninhydrin Detection, in a Biotechnology Laboratory (2003)

Although lacking the speed and sensitivity of more widely heralded techniques such as mass spectrometry, amino acid analysis remains an indispensable tool in a complete biotechnology laboratory responsible for the analysis of protein pharmaceuticals.
Periodically poled BaMgF/sub 4/ for ultraviolet frequency generation (2003)

Summary form only given. Here, we report on ferroelectric domain inversion in BaMgF/sub 4/ (BMF). This material has transparency to <140 nm, is resistant to solarization, and can be used for quasi-phase-matched interactions, which eliminates Poynting vector walk-off. We grow BMF by the Czochralski technique in an argon atmosphere, report optical damage testing results and visualize ferroelectric domains using an environmental scanning electron microscope.
Evaluation of the efficacy of gallium maltolate for chemoprophylaxis against pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals (2011)

Chemoprophylaxis via gallium maltolate administered orally at approximately 30 mg/kg daily for the first 2 weeks after birth failed to reduce the cumulative incidence of pneumonia attributable to R equi infection among foals on breeding farms with endemic R equi infections. Further investigation is needed to identify strategies for control of R equi infections.
Recent advances in slow and sustained drug release for retina drug delivery (2019)

Substantial fundamental work is still required to build guidelines on optimal animal models for ocular pharmacokinetics and safety studies depending on the target disease site and the on the type of therapeutic compounds. The effects of a drug administered as a bolus at high concentration in the vitreous might differ from those resulting from the sustained release of a lower concentration, and no delivery platform can be simply adapted to any drug. For the treatment of retinal diseases, development of therapeutic compounds should integrate from its early conception, the combination of an active drug with a specific drug delivery system, administered by a specific route.
Integration and Electrical Isolation in CMOS MixedSignal Wireless Chips (2009)

<P>The technological trends underlying the application of CMOS technology in wireless applications are leading to the integration of the RF analog functions and the digital baseband processing into a single chip. Two key technical requirements for this integration are the capability to fabricate high Q passive components and the need to maintain electrical isolation between analog and digital components in the resulting mixed-signal chip. Some basic arguments that illustrate the technological conflict between these two important demands are presented, focusing on their implications for the structure of the IC substrate. This structure and the characteristics of the device package play important roles in determining the levels of coupled ground noise that will be present in the mixed-signal IC. A simple, high-level model for coupled ground noise is presented and used to illustrate the impact of design alternatives for the package and for the IC substrate.</P>
Generation of Tunable, Picosecond Pulses from a MEMS-VCSEL (2022)

We demonstrate sub-170ps pulse generation from electrically gain-switched MEMS-VCSELs that are continuously tunable from 833-848nm. This compact, tunable picosecond pulse source is well-suited to optical coherence tomography, high resolution laser spectroscopy and light ranging applications.
A power consumption model for multi-rotor small unmanned aircraft systems (2017)

We develop a theoretical power consumption model for multi-rotor Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), estimate the model parameters, and validate it by flying an IRIS+ quadrotor UAS and measuring its energy consumption experimentally. The model is derived from the helicopter literature. Such models are required to create UAS flight planning systems.
Potent Imidazothiazole-based Inhibitor of BRAF V600E Overcomes Acquired Resistance via Inhibition of RAF Dimerization in PLX4032-resistant Melanoma (2022)

KS28 plays a vital role in overcoming PLX4032 resistance in melanoma by down-regulating the MEK/ERK pathway.
Frequency dependence of ultrasonic backscatter from human trabecular bone: Theory and experiment (1999)

A model describing the frequency dependence of backscatter coefficient from trabecular bone is presented. Scattering is assumed to originate from the surfaces of trabeculae, which are modeled as long thin cylinders with radii small compared with the ultrasonic wavelength. Experimental ultrasonic measurements at 500 kHz, 1 MHz, and 2.25 MHz from a wire target and from trabecular bone samples from human calcaneus in vitro are reported. In both cases, measurements are in good agreement with theory. For mediolateral insonification of calcaneus at low frequencies, including the typical diagnostic range (near 500 kHz), backscatter coefficient is proportional to frequency cubed. At higher frequencies, the frequency response flattens out. The data also suggest that at diagnostic frequencies, multiple scattering effects on the average are relatively small for the samples investigated. Finally, at diagnostic frequencies, the data suggest that absorption is likely to be a larger component of attenuation than scattering.
<title>Artificial retina chip with a 256 x 256 array of n-MOS variable sensitivity photodetector cells</title> (1995)

The artificial retina chip, consisting of an array of variable sensitivity photo-detector cells (VSPD), attains versatile focal plane image processing using vector-matrix multiplication. We designed an n-MOS VSPD with a pn photodiode and a differential amplifier, which realizes programmable positive and negative sensitivity. The pixels of the fabricated 256 multiplied by 256 pixel artificial retina chip are 35 multiplied by 26 micrometers squared with a 25% aperture ratio in a 2 micrometer n-MOS process. The photosensitivity is 0.23 (mu) A/lx for 1 ms accumulation time. We demonstrate image capture in 'video mode' and 'edge extraction mode.'
Effect of Thrombospondin-4 on Pro-inflammatory Phenotype Differentiation and Apoptosis in Macrophages (2019)

Abstract Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) attracted a lot of attention recently as a result of new functions identified for this matricellular protein in cardiovascular, muscular, and nervous systems. We have previously reported that TSP4 promotes local vascular inflammation in mouse atherosclerosis model. A common variant of TSP4, P387-TSP4, was associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in human population studies. In a mouse atherosclerosis model, TSP4 had profound effect on accumulation of macrophages in lesions, which prompted us to examine its effects on macrophages, more in detail in this report. We examined the effects of A387-TSP-4 and P387-TSP-4 on mouse macrophages in cell culture and in vivo in the model of LPS-induced peritonitis. In tissues and in cell culture, TSP4 expression was associated with inflammation: TSP4 expression was upregulated in peritoneal tissues in LPS-induced peritonitis, and pro-inflammatory signals, INFγ, GM-CSF, and LPS, induced TSP4 expression in macrophages in vivo and in cell culture. Deficiency in TSP-4 in macrophages from Thbs4 −/− mice reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory macrophage markers, suggesting that TSP-4 facilitates macrophage differentiation into pro-inflammatory phenotype. Expression of TSP4, especially more active P387-TSP4, was associated with higher cellular apoptosis. Cultured macrophages displayed increased adhesion to TSP4 and reduced migration in presence of TSP4, and these responses were further increased with P387 variant. We concluded that TSP4 expression in tissue macrophages and in cultured macrophages increases their accumulation in tissues during the acute inflammatory process and supports macrophage differentiation into a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In a model of acute inflammation, TSP4 supports pro-inflammatory macrophage apoptosis, a response that is closely related to their pro-inflammatory activity and release of pro-inflammatory signals. P387-TSP4 was found to be more active form of TSP4 in all examined functions.
Spectrally resolved gain dynamics of a semiconductor optical amplifier for the amplification of multiwavelength pulses (2004)

The spectrally resolved gain dynamics of a semiconductor optical amplifier is measured under the amplification of multiwavelength pulses. Nonlinear effects are observed and demonstrated to be avoided by the inherent chirp of semiconductor mode-locked lasers.
CCDC 988229: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2014)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Abstract 481: Exosomes as a Potential Acellular Signaling Mechanism in the Kidney (2012)

Exosomes are small 50-90 nm vesicles containing mRNA, proteins, and other renal epithelial sub-cellular components and might serve as an intra-nephron signaling mechanism. Exosomes were isolated from cultured immortalized human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) by ultracentrifugation following agonist treatment. 24 hour stimulation with the dopaminergic agonist fenoldopam (1 μM) produced a 2.38±0.053 fold increase in exosome release (RFU Vehicle = 0.038±0.0072; n=15, p&lt;0.04). Angiotensin II stimulation (1 nM, 24 hours) caused a 4.71±0.35 fold increase in exosome release (n=18, p&lt;0.04). Agonist-induced responses persisted after removal of extracellular calcium, indicating that renal exosome release is not dependent upon a calcium influx into cells. We next showed that exosomes are able to transfer between cells by electroporating Lamp1-RFP or CD82-YFP (two proteins previously found to be contained in exosomes) into RPTC. We found that both GFP fusion proteins were secreted into the culture medium and taken up by non-transfected cells. We further hypothesized that sodium regulatory proteins would be secreted into exosomes. Proteomic analysis demonstrated the presence of the dopamine-1 receptor and the dopamine-1 receptor selective kinase GRK4, which are known to affect natriuresis, in exosomes derived from RPTC. Furthermore, GRK4 mRNA was detected in exosomes by RT-PCR. In conclusion, exosomes contain proteins and mRNA which could serve as an intra-nephron acellular signaling mechanism that may alter sodium homeostasis.
Luminescent Multi‐Layered Polymer Coating for the Simultaneous Detection of Oxygen Pressure and Temperature (2009)

Abstract A triple‐layered luminescent polymer coating was prepared to simultaneously detect both oxygen and temperature upon the coating. The coating was composed of an oxygen and a temperature sensory layer based on platinumporphyrin (PtTFP) and ruthenium phenanthroline (Ru(phen)) dye molecule, respectively. The temperature‐sensitive Ru(phen) was dispersed in gas‐barrier polyvinyl alcohol as the first layer, which was further coated with a water‐proofing fluorine‐containing polymer. The oxygen sensory layer composed of the oxygen‐sensitive PtTFP and high oxygen‐permeative poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) was coated as the third layer. The two luminescences were separately monitored: the oxygen partial pressure and temperature in the range of 0–21 kPa and of 25–120 °C were successfully detected. magnified image
Needle-like focus generation by radially polarized halo beams emitted by photonic-crystal ring-cavity laser (2012)

Focused fields that possess a small spot size and long depth of focus (DOF) are expected to lead to the further development of optical applications. Here, we develop a photonic-crystal ring-cavity laser that emits a beam with a radially polarized halo shape (rinner/router &amp;gt; 0.9). This beam has a needle-like focus with a spot size of less than 0.4λ and a depth of focus longer than 10 λ for a 0.9 numerical aperture objective lens. We evaluate the focusing properties of the emitted beam and demonstrate that it has a longer depth of focus than conventional beams.