gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc titanates nanopowders: synthesis and characterization (2022)

Abstract Zinc titanates nanopowders viz.; Zn 2 TiO 4 , ZnTi 3 O 8 and ZnTiO 3 were synthesized through the thermal decomposition course of ZnC 2 O 4 .2H 2 O-TiO 2 precursors mixture (1:1 mole ratio), prepared via a new co-precipitation method up to 900 °C. Thermogravimetric measurement (TG) was utilized to characterize the precursors mixture decomposition while x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) were used to characterize the decomposition products as well as the phase transitions at different temperatures. XRD revealed the starting of titanates formation at 700 °C via detecting Zn 2 TiO 4 along with ZnO and TiO 2 (anatase) diffraction peaks. By increasing the calcination temperature to 800 °C, the ZnO content vanished with the appearing of Zn 2 Ti 3 O 8 besides ZnTi 2 O 4 and impurities of TiO 2 (anatase). Finally at 900 °C, the Zn 2 Ti 3 O 8 content was decomposed into ZnTiO 3 . Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm of the calcined precursors mixture at 900 °C indicated low specific surface area of 7.1 m 2 g −1 in accordance with the agglomeration nature estimated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study. The conductivity measurements showed semiconducting behavior of the prepared titanates with ferroelectric transition in the range 200 °C–308 °C. The obtained low dielectric value suggests the uses of present titanates as a co-fired ceramic or resonator ceramics.
Noise spectroscopy to study the 1D electron transport properties in InAs nanowires (2019)

InAs nanowires (NWs) are recognized as a key material due to their unique transport properties. Despite remarkable progress in designing InAs NW device structures, there are still open questions on device variability. Here, we demonstrate that noise spectroscopy allows us to study not only the parameters of traps, but also to shed light on quantum transport in NW structures. This provides an important understanding of structural behavior as well as the background and strategy required to design NW structures with advanced properties.
A Case Study in Engineering a Conversational Programming Assistant's Persona (2023)

The Programmer's Assistant is an experimental prototype software development environment that integrates a chatbot with a code editor. Conversational capability was achieved by using an existing code-fluent Large Language Model and providing it with a prompt that establishes a conversational interaction pattern, a set of conventions, and a style of interaction appropriate for the application. A discussion of the evolution of the prompt provides a case study in how to coax an existing foundation model to behave in a desirable manner for a particular application.
Comparison of accuracy of different LiFePO<inf>4</inf> battery circuital models (2014)

In recent years lithium iron phosphate batteries are spreading because of their high energy and power density, long lifetime and high inherent safety. In technical literature different models have been proposed to characterize these batteries. These models have different complexity but give results of different accuracy. In this paper a comparison of three equivalent models is performed. The comparison is made taking into account the impedance of the cells as function of the working frequency. For this reason electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method is used. The real and imaginary parts of the impedance calculated at each frequency are compared with that resulting from experimental tests in order to understand which are the frequency limit of each model. From the analysis clearly results that the traditional simple models obtained with 2 or more RC branches cannot represent the behavior of these batteries in all the frequency range. On the contrary, the models presenting a Warburg impedance, even if more complex, can represent the frequency behavior of these batteries in a wider frequency range.
Optimization of Peano-Gosper fractal arrays for broadband performance using genetic algorithms to eliminate grating lobes during scanning (2005)

A genetic algorithm technique is introduced for the purpose of optimizing a broadband Peano-Gosper fractile array to eliminate grating lobes during scanning. It has been shown that when the element spacing of a Peano-Gosper fractile array is increased to one wavelength, no grating lobes occur in the entire visible region for broadside operation. However, when the minimum element spacing is one wavelength or greater and the main beam is scanned away from broadside, grating lobes occur in the far-filed radiation pattern of the array. It is shown that a genetic algorithm technique can be used to perturb the element locations in an optimal way on the interior of the Peano-Gosper fractile array to eliminate the grating lobes and provide acceptable sidelobe levels during scanning. The genetically optimized stage 1 Peano-Gosper fractile array with perturbed element locations can be used to create higher order stages through an efficient iterative procedure while, at each stage, the array maintains its broadband characteristics within a specified scan volume
Systematizing Attacks and Defenses in Software-Defined Networking: A Survey (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has manifested both its bright and dark sides so far. On the one hand, it has been advocated by research communities and industry for its open nature and programmability. Every stakeholder, such as researcher, practitioner, and developer, can design an innovative networking service with a rich set of APIs and a global network view by escaping from the vendor-dependent control plane. On the other hand, its new architecture has introduced many security challenges that did not exist in the legacy environment. However, while new attacks and vulnerabilities within SDN have been steadily discovered, fewer efforts have been made to systematize the vulnerabilities from security aspects. In this paper, we aim to scrutinize prior literature that disclosed attack cases in SDN from an architectural perspective through identifying their root causes, penetration routes, and outcomes. Then, we conduct an in-depth yet comprehensive discussion of their underlying problems and introduce countermeasures proposed by researchers to mitigate those attacks. We believe that this study can contribute to revisiting various security problems around the current SDN architecture and envisioning a guideline for security research for SDN in the future.&lt;/p&gt;
Understanding the Working Mechanism of the Novel HKUST-1@BPS Composite Materials as Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography (2022)

Composite materials have been used based on coordination polymers or microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) combined with mesoporous matrices for adsorption-related techniques, which enable outflanking some adverse phenomena manifested during pristine components operation and enhance the performance and selectivity of the resulting materials. In this work, for the first time, the novel HKUST-1@BPS composites synthesized by the microwave-assisted (MW) technique starting from microporous HKUST-1 (Cu<sub>3</sub>(btc)<sub>2</sub>) MOF and biporous silica matrix (BPS) with bimodal mesopore size distribution were comparatively studied as materials for liquid-phase adsorption techniques utilizing the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and benzene as a model adsorbate. It was established that the studied HKUST-1@BPS composites can function as stationary phases for HPLC, unlike the pristine HKUST-1 and bare BPS materials, due to the synergetic effect of both components based on the preliminary enhanced adsorbate mass transfer throughout the silica mesopores and, subsequently, its penetrating into HKUST-1 micropores. The suggested mechanism involves the initial deactivation of open metal Cu<sup>2+</sup> sites in the HKUST-1 framework structure by isopropanol molecules upon adding this polar component into the mobile phase in the region of the isopropanol concentration of 0.0 to 0.2 vol.%. Thereafter, at the medium range of varying the isopropanol concentration in the eluent of 0.2 to 0.3 vol.%, there is an expansion of the previously inaccessible adsorption centers in the HKUST-1@BPS composites. Subsequently, while further increasing the isopropanol volume fraction in the eluent in the region of 0.3 to 5.0 vol.%, the observed behavior of the studied chromatographic systems is similar to the quasi-normal-phase HPLC pattern. According to the obtained thermodynamic data, benzene adsorption into HKUST-1 micropores from solutions with a vol.% of isopropanol in the range of 0.4 to 5.0 follows the unique entropy-driven mechanism previously described for the MIL-53(Al) framework. It was found that HKUST-1 loading in the composites and their preparation conditions have pronounced effects on their physicochemical properties and adsorption performance, including the adsorption mechanism.
Finite element simulation strategies for microfluidic devices with chemical reactions (2002)

We present a general Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) based model for simulation of two- and three-dimensional (2- and 3-D) fluid flow, thermal fields, and chemical species concentrations in microfluidic devices. This approach incorporates a flexible mesh generation procedure that enables us to explore different microfluidic device designs for chemical processing and chemical sensor applications. Simulation results are validated by comparisons with experimental data for a microchemical device. The good agreement between simulations and experiments demonstrates the ability of FEM solutions to provide accurate simulations of microfluidic chemical devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Metal Complexes and Catalysts. Part 4. 2,2′‐Bipyridine‐5‐sulfonic Acid: Synthesis, Purification, Derivatives and Metal Complexes. (1990)

Abstract The title compound (II) is prepared by Hg(II)‐catalyzed sulfonation shown in the scheme and converted into its salts (III) and into the sulfonamides (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Practical One‐Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines by the Imino‐Diels—Alder Reaction. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Alignment dependence of one-dimensional electronic hopping transport observed in films of highly aligned, ultralong single-walled carbon nanotubes (2009)

The temperature dependent electrical conductivity of highly aligned, as-grown, pristine films of ultralong single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is investigated in the framework of conduction based on phonon-assisted electron hopping. A change in transport mechanism occurs between conduction normal to and parallel to the SWNT alignment that results in evolution from bulk three-dimensional (3D) hopping conduction to a one-dimensional (1D) hopping conduction mechanism intrinsic to the electronic structure of SWNT. Vacuum annealing is observed to change the magnitude of the film conductivity but does not alter the observed 1D or 3D hopping mechanism.
Synthesis of C3 Heteroatom-Substituted Azetidinones That Display Potent Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitory Activity (1998)

The C3 phenylpropyl side chain of N-phenylazetidinones related to SCH 56524 was modified by replacing the hydroxymethylene with various isoelectronic or isosteric groups. Modifications at the 3' position led to less-active compounds; however, modifications at the 1' position provided compounds with improved cholesterol absorption inhibitory activity. An enantioselective route for the synthesis of C3 1'-sulfur-substituted azetidinones and the development of structure-activity relationships for this series of compounds are presented.
Phase II, 2‐stage, 2‐arm, PIK3CA mutation stratified trial of MK‐2206 in recurrent endometrial cancer (2019)

Endometrial cancers have high rates of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway alterations. MK-2206 is an allosteric inhibitor of AKT, an effector kinase of PI3K signals. We hypothesized patients with tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations would be more likely to benefit from MK-2206 than those without PIK3CA mutation. A Phase II study was performed in patients with recurrent endometrial cancer; all histologies except carcinosarcoma were eligible. Up to two prior chemotherapy lines were permitted, excluding prior treatment with PI3K pathway inhibitors. The first 18 patients were treated with MK-2206 200 mg weekly. Due to unacceptable toxicity, dose was reduced to 135 mg. Co-primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival at 6 months (6moPFS). Thirty-seven patients were enrolled (one ineligible). By somatic PIK3CA mutation analysis, nine patients were mutant (MT) [one with partial response (PR)/6moPFS, two with 6moPFS]. Twenty-seven patients were wild-type (WT) (one PR and four 6moPFS). Most common toxicities were rash (44%), fatigue (41%), nausea (42%) and hyperglycemia (31%). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities occurred in 25 and 17% of patients, respectively. Exploratory analysis found serous histology had greater 6moPFS as compared to all other histologies (5/8 vs. 2/28, p = 0.003). PTEN expression was associated with median time to progression (p = 0.04). No other significant associations with PI3K pathway alterations were identified. There is limited single agent activity of MK-2206 in PIK3CA MT and PIK3CA WT endometrial cancer populations. Activity was detected in patients with serous histology and due to their poor outcomes warrants further study (NCT01307631).
Optimal reliability over a DMC with feedback via deterministic sequential coding (2012)

This paper considers the problem of variable-length coding over a discrete memoryless channel (DMC) with noiseless feedback. Using Extrinsic Jensen-Shannon divergence, a deterministic coding scheme is proposed and is shown to achieve the optimal reliability function (also known as the error exponent). The proposed coding scheme has only one phase, in contrast to all previous coding schemes which required two different phases of operation to achieve the optimal error exponent.
A Robust, Distributed TGDH-based Scheme for Secure Group Communications in MANET (2006)

Securing multicast communications in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is considered among the most challenging research directions in the areas of wireless networking and security. MANET are emerging as the desired environment for an increasing number of commercial and military applications, addressing also a growing number of users. Security on the other hand, is now an indispensable requirement for these applications. However, the limitations of the dynamic, infrastructure-less nature of MANET impose major difficulties in establishing a secure framework suitable for such services. The design of efficient key management (KM) schemes for MANET is of paramount importance, since the performance of the KM functions imposes an upper limit on the efficiency and scalability of the whole secure group communication system. In this work, we contribute towards this direction by extending TGDH to a novel distributed scheme: DS-TGDH. Our aim is to modify TGDH to: a) be feasible in the most general resource-constrained MANET where no nodes with special capabilities exist, b) produce considerably lower overhead for the network nodes involved, c) handle disruptions with low cost. We consider the underlying routing protocol in our design, and we apply a distributed TGDH version over a robust schedule, optimizing parameters of interest. We focus on the design and analysis of the "stealthy" TGDH and compare it with the original.
Altered ratio of dendritic cell subsets in skin-draining lymph nodes promotes Th2-driven contact hypersensitivity (2021)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) specialize in the production of type I IFN (IFN-I). pDCs can be depleted in vivo by injecting diphtheria toxin (DT) in a mouse in which pDCs express a diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) transgene driven by the human CLEC4C promoter. This promoter is enriched for binding sites for TCF4, a transcription factor that promotes pDC differentiation and expression of pDC markers, including CLEC4C. Here, we found that injection of DT in CLEC4C-DTR<sup>+</sup> mice markedly augmented Th2-dependent skin inflammation in a model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) induced by the hapten fluorescein isothiocyanate. Unexpectedly, this biased Th2 response was independent of reduced IFN-I accompanying pDC depletion. In fact, DT treatment altered the representation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in the skin-draining lymph nodes during the sensitization phase of CHS; there were fewer Th1-priming CD326<sup>+</sup> CD103<sup>+</sup> cDC1 and more Th2-priming CD11b<sup>+</sup> cDC2. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of CLEC4C-DTR<sup>+</sup> cDCs revealed that CD326<sup>+</sup> DCs, like pDCs, expressed DTR and were depleted together with pDCs by DT treatment. Since CD326<sup>+</sup> DCs did not express <i>Tcf4</i>, DTR expression might be driven by yet-undefined transcription factors activating the CLEC4C promoter. These results demonstrate that altered DC representation in the skin-draining lymph nodes during sensitization to allergens can cause Th2-driven CHS.
Photodetectors: Large‐Scale Synthesis of Freestanding Layer‐Structured PbI2 and MAPbI3 Nanosheets for High‐Performance Photodetection (Adv. Mater. 39/2017) (2017)

High-density, crystalline, and freestanding PbI2 and MAPbI3 nanosheets are synthesized by Johnny C. Ho and co-workers in article number 1702759, on a large scale through the nucleation of microplanes on substrates with a rough surface by manipulating the microenvironment during physical vapor deposition. When configured into photodetectors, they exhibit efficient photodetection with excellent performance in responsivity and detectivity.
Schmitt Trigger Using a Self‐Healing Ionic Liquid Gated Transistor (2015)

Electrical double layer transistors using ionic liquids as the gate and ZnO as the semiconductor exhibit stable operation in the presence of redox active additives. The characteristics of the device enable single components with the response of a Schmitt trigger.
Turkey Must End Violent Response to Protests (2013)

The Turkish Medical Association (TTB) reported that 8121 people were officially admitted to hospitals resulting from police violence between 31 May and 26 June (1). This number includes 5 deaths, 61 life-threatening injuries, 104 head traumas, and 11 ophthalmic injuries, one of which led to loss of an eye due to shots of tear gas canisters from short range (1). Turkish police have used excessive amounts of tear gas (lachrymatory agents) in public (2) and confined spaces such as hospitals or infirmaries, according to international media reports and the TTB (1–4). Such use of asphyxiating gases in confined spaces is not only extremely dangerous for public health (5–8), but also strictly limited by international agreements, such as the Geneva Protocol (9), to which Turkey is a signatory. Security forces have used 130,000 tear-gas cartridges in 20 days, and Turkey is planning to buy 100,000 new cartridges (10). Doctors and nurses treating patients affected by tear gas and other police brutality, as well as the Istanbul Medical Chamber General Secretary, have been apprehended by police (11, 12), a clear violation of customary international and human rights law (13). More than 4000 academics around the world have already signed a petition to protest the police brutality (14). We call upon the Turkish government to obey international law in the treatment of protesters and those providing medical treatment to them, and to start a good-faith dialogue with the protest movement.
Supplementary Figure 2 from <i>In Vivo</i> Detection of HSP90 Identifies Breast Cancers with Aggressive Behavior (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison of HS131 HS198 HS152 Imaging&lt;/p&gt;
Infrared Optical Transmission of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Structures (2005)

The single-angle plane-wave spectral response of fabricated 1-D photonic crystal structures is computed from composite transmission and reflection measurements. The measurements, formulated as a matrix problem, require regularization to solve for the individual plane-wave response.
Experimental Evaluation Of Drift And Nonlinearities In Lithium Niobate Interferometric Modulators (1988)

This paper presents quantitative measurements of two nonideal characteristics of lithium niobate integrated optical devices: nonlinear electrooptic phase modulation and the photo-refractive effect. These effects can occur in any lithium niobate channel-waveguide phase modulator or passive channel waveguide, and may affect the performance of any device that uses these basic building blocks. The measurements described in this paper were performed by means of an integrated-optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer which consists of passive channel waveguides and phase modulators. We have measured a quadratic term in the phase shift vs voltage relation for electrooptic phase modulation. We have also measured the photorefractive effect at wavelengths of 0.85, 1.06, and 1.3 &mu;m, using y- and z-propagation. we evaluate both photovoltaic and photoconductive effects, and give estimates for the constants in a simple model that describes the photorefractive effect.
An LED Drive Circuit with Constant-Output-Current Control and Constant-Luminance Control (2006)

A Single LED is very small, and their luminance is related to the amount of driving current. Sufficient luminance for an illuminator requires many LEDs to be connected together and a constant current supplied to each LED. Therefore, the LED drive circuit must have constant-output-current control and/or constant-luminance control. We propose an LED drive circuit that consists of a boost-type DC-DC converter with constant-output-current control and constant-luminance control. This circuit is a switching regulator-type circuit controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM). Both the power and the constant-current control can be provided by a single system, without any ballast resistor or auxiliary current control circuit.
Genetics and Genomics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2009)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fulfills criteria for a complex genetic disease in which environmental factors interact with multiple polymorphic genes to influence susceptibility. Finding the genes that influence susceptibility can be approached in hypothesis testing or unbiased study designs. In candidate gene association studies, genetic variation in, and/or levels of, expression of genes known or suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD are compared in affected and unaffected individuals. Although this approach is useful it is limited by our present knowledge of disease pathophysiology. Genomewide studies of gene expression and of genetic variation are now possible and are not constrained by our limited knowledge. Although both of these unbiased approaches are in their infancy, they have already provided exciting new avenues for future investigation and potentially now approaches to risk prediction and therapy.