gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Will Tell: New Outlooks and A Baseline for Temporal Multi-View 3D Object Detection (2022)

While recent camera-only 3D detection methods leverage multiple timesteps, the limited history they use significantly hampers the extent to which temporal fusion can improve object perception. Observing that existing works' fusion of multi-frame images are instances of temporal stereo matching, we find that performance is hindered by the interplay between 1) the low granularity of matching resolution and 2) the sub-optimal multi-view setup produced by limited history usage. Our theoretical and empirical analysis demonstrates that the optimal temporal difference between views varies significantly for different pixels and depths, making it necessary to fuse many timesteps over long-term history. Building on our investigation, we propose to generate a cost volume from a long history of image observations, compensating for the coarse but efficient matching resolution with a more optimal multi-view matching setup. Further, we augment the per-frame monocular depth predictions used for long-term, coarse matching with short-term, fine-grained matching and find that long and short term temporal fusion are highly complementary. While maintaining high efficiency, our framework sets new state-of-the-art on nuScenes, achieving first place on the test set and outperforming previous best art by 5.2% mAP and 3.7% NDS on the validation set. Code will be released $\href{https://github.com/Divadi/SOLOFusion}{here.}$
Interspecies Organogenesis for Human Transplantation (2019)

Blastocyst complementation combined with gene editing is an emerging approach in the field of regenerative medicine that could potentially solve the worldwide problem of organ shortages for transplantation. In theory, blastocyst complementation can generate fully functional human organs or tissues, grown within genetically engineered livestock animals. Targeted deletion of a specific gene(s) using gene editing to cause deficiencies in organ development can open a niche for human stem cells to occupy, thus generating human tissues. Within this review, we will focus on the pancreas, liver, heart, kidney, lung, and skeletal muscle, as well as cells of the immune and nervous systems. Within each of these organ systems, we identify and discuss (i) the common causes of organ failure; (ii) the current state of regenerative therapies; and (iii) the candidate genes to knockout and enable specific exogenous organ development via the use of blastocyst complementation. We also highlight some of the current barriers limiting the success of blastocyst complementation.
High-K Gate Dielectric Structures by Atomic Layer Deposition for the 32nm and Beyond Nodes (2008)

In this paper we will review some of our previous work on ALD deposited high-K dielectric stacks as well as present some of our more recent advances. We have shown that ALD can be used successfully to deposit high quality high-K gate dielectrics of Hf and Zr oxide. In addition, because of the inherent conformality of ALD processes, these dielectrics can be easily migrated to advanced device structures such as FINFETs. We have also been successful in developing ALD processes to deposit rare earth oxides (REOs), such as Y2O3 and La2O3. These processes are useful in creating layered dielectric structures where the REO functions as a threshold voltage adjustment layer. We use physical and electrical characterization of the films as deposited by ALD, including spectroscopic ellipsometry, corona oxide semiconductor charge measurement, TXRF, AES, angle resolved XPS, HRTEM, AFM, MEIS, and RBS, to provide information on the film growth mechanism and the primary parameters that influence the ALD growth of high-K oxides. We further correlate these findings with basic electrical results obtained from MOSFET and MOSCAP devices fabricated using our ALD processes to understand how process changes affect both the as-deposited films as well as the resulting devices.
Bootstrapping large-scale DHT networks (2007)

The recent disruption of the Skype voice-over-IP system, triggered by a massive reboot of the hosts around the world, brought to light the importance of efficient bootstrapping in a large-scale peer-to-peer network. Thus far, the problem of bootstrapping a DHT network from a near-total failure has received limited attention from the research community. We present an outline of our plan to investigate DHT bootstrapping mechanisms for large-scale deployments on the Internet.
Supplementary Data from Loss of Function of DOCK4 in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Stem Cells is Restored by Inhibitors of DOCK4 Signaling Networks (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental figure 3: Twenty four hours post DOCK4 siRNA nucleofection into TF1 cells, A) Control and DOCK4 knockdown TF1 cells were subjected to in vitro transwel migration assay. Data are represented as mean {plus minus}SEM from two technical replicates (*P &lt; 0.05; Student's t test). Representative data from two independent experiments are shown. B) Control and DOCK4 knocked down TF1 cells were stained for actin and analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cells which depicted spread morphology with bundled actin at the leading edges were marked by white arrows (Scale bar, 15μM). Individual cells at high magnification showing cell spreading and bundled F-actin when DOCK4 levels were reduced.&lt;/p&gt;
University Discipline in the Age of Social Media (2016)

In the wake of two high-profile scandals involving misconduct by university students on social media, this article explores the administrative and constitutional law dimensions of university discipline of online behaviour. Using the Alberta Court of Appeal’s decision in Pridgen v. University of Calgary as a guide, the author examines how the characteristics of social media impact the jurisdictional, procedural, and substantive aspects of student discipline. Specifically, he explains that while universities may legitimately discipline students for online misconduct, their comments must amount to harassment of members of the university community, or threaten the learning environment. In addition, the author describes how social media raises the stakes for both accused students and victims, which militates in favour of broader and more extensive procedural fairness. Furthermore, he observes that the open and communal nature of social media interaction may lead to guilt by association, which is both unreasonable and unnecessary to combat online harassment. Finally, the author argues that a student's Charter rights are engaged in disciplinary proceedings involving social media activity, but this does not unduly interfere with the traditional autonomy of universities.
Fast-convolution implementation of filter bank multicarrier waveform processing (2015)

This paper investigates the use of effective and flexible fast-convolution (FC) implementation for two main types of filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) waveforms, FBMC/OQAM and filtered multitone (FMT). The generated waveforms are spectrally well-contained, with very small power leakage to adjacent frequencies, and are thus good candidates for opportunistic and heterogeneous spectrum use scenarios. On the receiver side, the FC filter bank (FC-FB) approach can be used for simultaneously processing multiple channels with individually tunable bandwidths, center frequencies, and timing offsets, supporting asynchronous multi-user operation. FC-FB implementations are compared with traditional polyphase designs in terms of spectral characteristics and computational complexity.
Analysis of TP53 Mutation Status in Human Cancer Cell Lines: A Reassessment (2014)

Tumor-derived cell lines play an important role in the investigation of tumor biology and genetics. Across a wide array of studies, they have been tools of choice for the discovery of important genes involved in cancer and for the analysis of the cellular pathways that are impaired by diverse oncogenic events. They are also invaluable for screening novel anticancer drugs. The TP53 protein is a major component of multiple pathways that regulate cellular response to various types of stress. Therefore, TP53 status affects the phenotype of tumor cell lines profoundly and must be carefully ascertained for any experimental project. In the present review, we use the 2014 release of the UMD TP53 database to show that TP53 status is still controversial for numerous cell lines, including some widely used lines from the NCI-60 panel. Our analysis clearly confirms that, despite numerous warnings, the misidentification of cell lines is still present as a silent and neglected issue, and that extreme care must be taken when determining the status of p53, because errors may lead to disastrous experimental interpretations. A novel compendium gathering the TP53 status of 2,500 cell lines has been made available (http://p53.fr). A stand-alone application can be used to browse the database and extract pertinent information on cell lines and associated TP53 mutations. It will be updated regularly to minimize any scientific issues associated with the use of misidentified cell lines (http://p53.fr).
Electrical Circuit Modeling and Validation of Through-Silicon Vias Embedded in a Silicon Microfluidic Pin-Fin Heat Sink Filled With Deionized Water (2020)

This article presents the electrical circuit model of signal-ground through-silicon vias (TSVs) in a silicon microfluidic pin-fin heat sink in which the pin-fins are surrounded by deionized water. Such TSVs are asymmetric vertically because the TSVs are partially embedded in cylindrical pin-fins as well as in a rectangular silicon base. In this article, we propose a circuit model that segregates the asymmetric geometry into two symmetric segments: one segment for a silicon base and the other segment for cylindrical silicon pin-fins surrounded by deionized water, which we refer to as “a pin-fin segment.” Specifically, the pin-fin segment is modeled using two-dielectric coaxial-line formulas to represent the double layers of silicon dioxide and silicon that surround the copper vias. Using the developed circuit model, this article quantitatively analyzes the impact of fluidic designs, such as the diameter and height of pin-fins on the electrical characteristics of TSVs. Following circuit model validation using high-frequency electromagnetic field simulations, the modeling results are compared with measured data.
Power to Detect the Effects of HIV Vaccination in Repeated Low‐Dose Challenge Experiments (2009)

Simulation studies were conducted to estimate the statistical power of repeated low-dose challenge experiments performed in nonhuman primates to detect the effect of a candidate human immunodeficiency virus vaccine. The effect of various design parameters on power was explored. Results of simulation studies indicate that repeated low-dose challenge studies with a total sample of size 50 (25 animals/arm) typically provide adequate power to detect a 50% reduction in the per-exposure probability of infection resulting from vaccination. Power generally increases with the maximum number of allowable challenges per animal, the per-exposure risk of infection in control animals, and the proportion of animals susceptible to infection.
Long-term Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-stimulating Hormone and Testosterone by Daily Administration of Leuprolide (1987)

The chronic effect of long-term injections of leuprolide on the hypothalamic, pituitary and gonadal axes have been studied in men with advanced prostatic cancer. The possibility of transient acute changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone after each daily injection was studied in 31 patients treated for more than 1 year. No evidence of escape from daily 1.0 mg. doses was noted. No pituitary responsiveness was observed at any time point examined. Thus, daily administration of 1.0 mg. leuprolide acetate subcutaneously produces durable, complete suppression of gonadotropins and testosterone for prolonged periods.
Biodistribution and elimination kinetics of systemic Stx2 by the Stx2A and Stx2B subunit-specific human monoclonal antibodies in mice (2012)

The results suggest that HuMAbs 5C12 and 5H8 promoted hepatic accumulation and presumably clearance of toxin/antibody complexes, significantly diverting Stx2 localization in the kidneys, the target of Stx2 and the cause of HUS. This is in contrast to the fatal outcome of the control group receiving PBS. The results also confirm earlier observations that both HuMAbs are highly and equally protective against Stx2 intoxication in mice.
c-myc copy number gains in bladder cancer detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (1995)

Amplification and overexpression of c-myc have been suggested as prognostic markers in human cancer. To assess the role of c-myc gene copy number alterations in bladder cancer, 87 bladder tumors were examined for c-myc aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Dual labeling hybridization with a repetitive pericentromeric probe specific for chromosome 8 and a probe for the c-myc locus (at 8q24) was performed to analyze c-myc copy number in relation to chromosome 8 copy number on a cell by cell basis. A clear-cut c-myc amplification (up to 40 to 150 copies per cell) was found in 3 tumors. There was a low level c-myc copy number increase in 32 of the remaining 84 tumors. There was no association of low level c-myc copy number increase with c-myc protein overexpression. This suggests that a c-myc gene copy number gain as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization does not necessarily reflect a disturbed c-myc gene function but may indicate a structural chromosome 8 abnormality including gain of distal 8q. The strong association of low level c-myc (8q) gains with tumor grade (P < 0.0001), stage (P < 0.0001), chromosome polysomy (P < 0.0001), p53 protein expression (P = 0.0019), p53 deletion (P = 0.0403), and tumor cell proliferation (Ki67 labeling index; P = 0.0021) is consistent with a role of chromosome 8 alterations in bladder cancer progression.
IL-4 inhibits IL-2-mediated induction of human lymphokine-activated killer cells, but not the generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte cultures. (1988)

Human rIL-4 was studied for its capacity to induce lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity. In contrast to IL-2, IL-4 was not able to induce LAK cell activity in cell cultures derived from peripheral blood. IL-4 added simultaneously with IL-2 to such cultures suppressed IL-2-induced LAK cell activity measured against Daudi and the melanoma cell line MEWO in a dose-dependent way. IL-4 also inhibited the induction of LAK cell activity in CD2+, CD3-, CD4-, CD8- cells, suggesting that IL-4 acts directly on LAK precursor cells. IL-4 added 24 h after the addition of IL-2 failed to inhibit the generation of LAK cell activity. Cytotoxic activity of various types of NK cell clones was not affected after incubation in IL-4 for 3 days, indicating that IL-4 does not affect the activity of already committed killer cells. No significant differences were observed in the percentages of Tac+, NKH-1+ and CD16+ cells after culturing PBL in IL-2, IL-4 or combinations of IL-2 and IL-4 for 3 days. IL-4 also inhibited the activation of non-specific cytotoxic activity in MLC, as measured against K-562 and MEWO cells. In contrast, the Ag-specific CTL activity against the stimulator cells was augmented by IL-4. Collectively, these data indicate that IL-4 prevents the activation of LAK cell precursors by IL-2, but does not inhibit the generation of Ag-specific CTL.
Wideband and scalable equivalent-circuit model for differential through silicon vias with measurement verification (2013)

The three-dimensional integrated circuit has attracted much attention because of evolving functions in today's integrated circuit products and continuing demands for low power consumption and miniature chip size. Through silicon vias (TSVs) provide a vertical interconnection between stacked dies with much shorter and denser connectivity than the hybrid horizontal and bondwire interconnects in conventional use. Moreover, a differential interconnect is more commonly used in high-speed digital circuits for its higher immunity to common-mode noise than a single-ended one. Therefore, a scalable physical model for differential TSVs has been proposed in this work. Consequently, the mixed-mode S-parameters were generated from the established model to compare electrical performance between a GSSG- and GSGSG-type differential TSV. Additionally, with the help of a double-sided probing system, four-port S-parameters were measured up to 40 GHz to validate the modeled results.
The Halogen Bond in the Design of Functional Supramolecular Materials: Recent Advances (2013)

Halogen bonding is an emerging noncovalent interaction for constructing supramolecular assemblies. Though similar to the more familiar hydrogen bonding, four primary differences between these two interactions make halogen bonding a unique tool for molecular recognition and the design of functional materials. First, halogen bonds tend to be much more directional than (single) hydrogen bonds. Second, the interaction strength scales with the polarizability of the bond-donor atom, a feature that researchers can tune through single-atom mutation. In addition, halogen bonds are hydrophobic whereas hydrogen bonds are hydrophilic. Lastly, the size of the bond-donor atom (halogen) is significantly larger than hydrogen. As a result, halogen bonding provides supramolecular chemists with design tools that cannot be easily met with other types of noncovalent interactions and opens up unprecedented possibilities in the design of smart functional materials. This Account highlights the recent advances in the design of halogen-bond-based functional materials. Each of the unique features of halogen bonding, directionality, tunable interaction strength, hydrophobicity, and large donor atom size, makes a difference. Taking advantage of the hydrophobicity, researchers have designed small-size ion transporters. The large halogen atom size provided a platform for constructing all-organic light-emitting crystals that efficiently generate triplet electrons and have a high phosphorescence quantum yield. The tunable interaction strengths provide tools for understanding light-induced macroscopic motions in photoresponsive azobenzene-containing polymers, and the directionality renders halogen bonding useful in the design on functional supramolecular liquid crystals and gel-phase materials. Although halogen bond based functional materials design is still in its infancy, we foresee a bright future for this field. We expect that materials designed based on halogen bonding could lead to applications in biomimetics, optics/photonics, functional surfaces, and photoswitchable supramolecules.
Effect of hydrogen diffusion in an In–Ga–Zn–O thin film transistor with an aluminum oxide gate insulator on its electrical properties (2018)

We fabricated amorphous InGaZnO thin film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) with aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as a gate insulator grown through atomic layer deposition (ALD) method at different deposition temperatures (<i>T</i> <sub>dep</sub>). The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gate insulator with a low <i>T</i> <sub>dep</sub> exhibited a high amount of hydrogen in the film, and the relationship between the hydrogen content and the electrical properties of the TFTs was investigated. The device with the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gate insulator having a high H content showed much better transfer parameters and reliabilities than the low H sample. This is attributed to the defect passivation effect of H in the active layer, which is diffused from the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer. In addition, according to the post-annealing temperature (<i>T</i> <sub>post-ann</sub>), a-IGZO TFTs exhibited two unique changes of properties; the degradation in low <i>T</i> <sub>post-ann</sub> and the enhancement in high <i>T</i> <sub>post-ann</sub>, as explained in terms of H diffusion from the gate insulator to an active layer.
Enhanced Förster Energy Transfer Through Horizontal Orientation of Sensitizer Molecules in Hyperfluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2023)

Abstract Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in sensitized fluorescent (SF) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is an important process for suppressing triplet exciton loss during energy transfer toward the fluorescent dopant. Herein, the contribution of the relative orientation between the sensitizer and emitting dopant to the FRET in state‐of‐the‐art SF OLEDs is explained using experimental and theoretical approaches. The enhanced relative orientation factor ( κ 2 ) from 0.375 to 1.250 is theoretically demonstrated in the FRET theory depending on the orientation of the sensitizer and emitting dopant. On comparing two SF OLED systems with different sensitizers, the sensitizer with a higher horizontal dipole orientation exhibits a higher FRET rate, resulting in the enhanced κ 2 . The exciton dynamics under device operation are explored to quantitatively verify the contribution of the enhanced FRET rate to the exciton transfer processes; the triplet consumption rate of the sensitizer improves by 2.2 times, demonstrating an efficient exciton transfer.
Toroidal Constraints for Two-Point Localization Under High Outlier Ratios (2017)

Localizing a query image against a 3D model at large scale is a hard problem, since 2D-3D matches become more and more ambiguous as the model size increases. This creates a need for pose estimation strategies that can handle very low inlier ratios. In this paper, we draw new insights on the geometric information available from the 2D-3D matching process. As modern descriptors are not invariant against large variations in viewpoint, we are able to find the rays in space used to triangulate a given point that are closest to a query descriptor. It is well known that two correspondences constrain the camera to lie on the surface of a torus. Adding the knowledge of direction of triangulation, we are able to approximate the position of the camera from two matches alone. We derive a geometric solver that can compute this position in under 1 microsecond. Using this solver, we propose a simple yet powerful outlier filter which scales quadratically in the number of matches. We validate the accuracy of our solver and demonstrate the usefulness of our method in real world settings.
Power-Balanced Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Based on Virtual Channel Optimization (2019)

In this brief, we propose a virtual channel optimization method for downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. With this method, we show that superposed users’ data can be separated successfully in power-balanced scenario for NOMA. We derive the optimum relative phase offset for two users as well as three users based on the minimum Euclidean distance (MED) among the superposed constellation points without channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). We exploit maximum likelihood (ML) detector at the receiver as successive interference cancelation (SIC) is not applicable for power-balanced scenario. Since the complexity of ML is high, we design a low-complexity ML algorithm to substantially reduce the computational complexity. Simulation results for quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation demonstrate the effectiveness and the performance of the proposed method.