gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular and Viral Factors Regulating Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Replication (2011)

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), a previously unrecognized component of the human viral skin flora, was discovered as a mutated and clonally-integrated virus inserted into Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) genomes. We reconstructed a replicating MCV clone (MCV-HF), and then mutated viral sites required for replication or interaction with cellular proteins to examine replication efficiency and viral gene expression. Three days after MCV-HF transfection into 293 cells, although replication is not robust, encapsidated viral DNA and protein can be readily isolated by density gradient centrifugation and typical ∼40 nm diameter polyomavirus virions are identified by electron microscopy. The virus has an orderly gene expression cascade during replication in which large T (LT) and 57kT proteins are first expressed by day 2, followed by expression of small T (sT) and VP1 proteins. VP1 and sT proteins are not detected, and spliced 57kT is markedly diminished, in the replication-defective virus suggesting that early gene splicing and late gene transcription may be dependent on viral DNA replication. MCV replication and encapsidation is increased by overexpression of MCV sT, consistent with sT being a limiting factor during virus replication. Mutation of the MCV LT vacuolar sorting protein hVam6p (Vps39) binding site also enhances MCV replication while exogenous hVam6p overexpression reduces MCV virion production by >90%. Although MCV-HF generates encapsidated wild-type MCV virions, we did not find conditions for persistent transmission to recipient cell lines suggesting that MCV has a highly restricted tropism. These studies identify and highlight the role of polyomavirus DNA replication in viral gene expression and show that viral sT and cellular hVam6p are important factors regulating MCV replication. MCV-HF is a molecular clone that can be readily manipulated to investigate factors affecting MCV replication.
Convergent Parallel Synthesis (1997)

The considerable gain in efficiency achievable by introducing the principle of convergence into automated parallel synthesis is illustrated with a seven-step synthesis of a sixteen-hundred-compound array of potential serine protease inhibitors, conducted on a 50 μmole scale (ca. 20 mg. of each compound).
A novel, online social cognitive training program for young adults with schizophrenia: A pilot study (2014)

This study provides an initial proof of concept for online social cognition training in schizophrenia. This form of training demonstrated feasibility and resulted in within-subject gains in social functioning and motivation. This pilot study represents a first step towards validating this training approach; randomized controlled trials, now underway, are designed to confirm and extend these findings.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Catalyzed Reactions of Nucleophiles with Unactivated and Partially Activated Olefins and Acetylenes (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of matching layer on acoustic lens on suppressing Lamb wave formation (2004)

Therapeutic variable focal length ultrasound transducer (VFLT) for HIFU using linear array and cylindrical lens with low-loss matching layer in front for suppressing Lamb wave has been developed. The cylindrical lens with a thickness of approximately half a wavelength, directly attached to PZT transducer on the other side, has an acoustic matching layer. Numerical simulation of wave propagation was performed using a finite element method. Prototype VFLT with and without the layer were then fabricated and tested. The comparison of the results clearly showed the effect of the layer to suppress Lamb wave formation in the lens. Canine prostate was transrectally treated and successfully coagulated with the transducer with a Lamb wave suppressing matching layer (LWSL) on the lens.
Role of Intraoperative Radiographs in the Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2015)

Intraoperative radiographs remain necessary to ensure compensation of the shortcomings of the modern preoperative planification method.
A convenient synthesis of NG‐mono[14C‐methyl]‐L‐arginine (1981)

Abstract N G ‐Mono[ 14 C‐methyl]‐L‐arginine was prepared in a two‐step synthesis. N,S‐dimethylthiopseudouronium iodide [methyl‐ 14 C] was prepared in excellent yield and afforded the labelled amino acid on coupling with L‐ornithine.
Simple vector microprocessors for multimedia applications (2002)

In anticipation of the emergence of multimedia applications as an important workload, microprocessor companies have augmented their instruction-set architectures with short vector extensions, thus adding basic vector hardware to state-of-the-art superscalar processors. Although a vector architecture may be a good match for multimedia applications, there is growing evidence that the control logic for increasingly complex superscalar processors is difficult to implement, Rather than combining a complex superscalar core with short wide vector hardware, we propose using a much simpler processor design that is similar to traditional vector computers with long vectors and simple control logic for instruction issue. Such a design would use the bulk of its transistors and die area for datapath and registers, and thus lessen the time required to design, implement, and verify control. In this paper we present data that quantifies this trading of control transistors for datapath and register transistors. We demonstrate that a 2-way, in-order vector processor with a vector length of 64 and a vector width of 8 requires no more die area, and possibly significantly less area, than a 4-way, out-of-order superscalar processor with short vector extensions. Furthermore, we show that the simple long vector processor is, on average, 2.7 times faster executing multimedia applications than the superscalar processor; and 1.6 times faster than one with short vector extensions. To explain the reasons for the higher performance, we analyze execution time in terms of dynamic operation count and cycles per operation (CPO). A vector processor executes fewer operations by using vector instructions to stripmine a loop. Moreover, a long vector processor achieves a lower CPO by effectively using parallelism at both the operation and the instruction levels. Thus by reducing both terms of the CPO equation, the simple long vector processor achieves greater performance.
N,N',N"-tris(dihydroxyphosphorylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Deofix) - a high-affinity, high-specificity chelator for first transition series metal cations with significant deodorant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. (2003)

Deofix, N,N',N"-tris(dihydroxyphosphorylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, is a high-affinity, high-specificity chelator for first transition series cations such as iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. A 1% solution in 50% ethanol was found to be significantly better at reducing underarm malodor than a solution of 0.3% Triclosan in 50% ethanol. Compared to a 50% alcohol control, Deofix was found to produce a significant reduction in malodor for at least 48 hours. Deofix appears to work by reducing the concentration of first transition series metal ions below the levels needed for microbial cell reproduction and by inhibiting oxidative processes by interfering with catalytic formation of free radicals. Deofix has very low levels of toxicity when measured via a number of screening techniques.
AQX-1125, A SHIP1 Activator In Clinical Development For Pulmonary Inflammation: Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism And Tolerability In Healthy Humans Volunteers (2012)

Rationale: Pharmacological modulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is an established approach to controlling inflammatory disorders. SH2containing inositol-5'-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) metabolizes PI(3,4,5)P3 to PI(3,4)P2. SHIP1-deficient mice exhibit pulmonary inflammation, characterized by significant granulocyte recruitment into the lung, while pharmacological SHIP1 activation exerts anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models of lung inflammation. Here we present an overview of the results of a Phase I study with AQX-1125, a small molecule SHIP1 activator, and compare the pharmacokinetic profile of the compound across three species (human, dog and rat).
Effector HIV‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte activity in long‐term nonprogressors: Associations with viral replication and progression (2003)

Ex vivo effector cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity was assessed in 27 members of the Australian Long-Term Nonprogressor cohort and correlated with genetic, virological, and immunological markers. The 27 individuals were antiretroviral naive with CD4(+) T-cell counts of >500 cells/ microl for more than 8 years after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Effector CTL activity was determined using a standard ex vivo chromium release assay. Individuals with CTL activity (HIV-1 env(IIIB) or pol or gag) were then compared to those without CTL activity in relation to plasma HIV-1 RNA, ICD p24 antigen, beta(2)-microglobulin, CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts, CCR5 and CCR2b genotypes, and progression to CD4 <500 cells/microl or commencement of antiretroviral treatment. Of the 27 individuals examined, 19 had no detectable effector CTL activity. The eight individuals with detectable CTL activity had significantly higher plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA (P = 0.014), immune complex dissociated p24 antigen (P = 0.006), and beta(2)-microglobulin (P = 0.009). There was increased risk of progression within 4 years of study entry in individuals with detectable effector CTL activity, higher plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA, higher beta(2)-microglobulin levels, and higher immune complex dissociated p24 antigen levels at enrollment (P = 0.017, P = 0.004, P = 0.027, P = 0.008 respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated viral load remained the strongest predictor of disease progression within this group (P = 0.017). There were no significant associations between CTL response and chemokine receptor genotype. These findings demonstrate the importance of HIV replication in generating an effector CTL response and show that effector CTL activity may be an early predictor of progression in people with long-term asymptomatic HIV infection.
Improvement of Device Characteristics for TiN Gate p-Type Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor with Al2O3-Capped HfO2 Dielectrics by Controlling Al2O3 Diffusion Annealing Process (2009)

We have investigated the effect of postdeposition annealing (PDA) of Al2O3-capped HfO2 films on the flatband voltage (Vfb) shift and threshold voltage (Vt) variation in TiN gate p-type metal–insulator–semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMISFETs). We found that optimizing the PDA conditions to diffuse Al2O3 into the HfO2 films is a key factor for controlling Vfb, and high-temperature PDA immediately after Al2O3 deposition induces a positive Vfb shift. Additional Vt variation was observed when the PDA temperatures after Al2O3 deposition were 850 and 950 °C. In contrast, a higher temperature PDA at 1050 °C after Al2O3 deposition can suppress Vt variation to almost the same level as that obtained in a HfO2 film without an Al2O3-cap layer, although the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) increases. We also found that superior device characteristics, such as low Vt, suppression of Vt variation, and suppression of EOT increase, were obtained by performing PDA before Al2O3 deposition.
The potential of curcumin for treating spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis study (2022)

These findings suggest that daily administration of curcumin can be an effective approach to improving functional recovery after SCI.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Ene Reactions. Part 7. Asymmetric Induction of Intramolecular Ene Reactions of Chiral 1,7‐Dienes: A Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted Cyclohexanes. (1989)

Abstract The chiral 1,7‐dienes (III), prepared by aldol condensation of the activated methylene compounds (I) with (R)‐citronellal (II), are subjected to thermal cyclization, yielding a mixture of the diastereomeric trisubstituted cyclohexanes (IV) and (V).
Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery for Engineering Systems Health Management (2012)

Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery for Engineering Systems Health Management presents state-of-the-art tools and techniques for automatically detecting, diagnosing, and predicting the effects of adverse events in an engineered system. With contributions from many top authorities on the subject, this volume is the first to bring together the two areas of machine learning and systems health management. Divided into three parts, the book explains how the fundamental algorithms and methods of both physics-based and data-driven approaches effectively address systems health management. The first part of the text describes data-driven methods for anomaly detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of massive data streams and associated performance metrics. It also illustrates the analysis of text reports using novel machine learning approaches that help detect and discriminate between failure modes. The second part focuses on physics-based methods for diagnostics and prognostics, exploring how these methods adapt to observed data. It covers physics-based, data-driven, and hybrid approaches to studying damage propagation and prognostics in composite materials and solid rocket motors. The third part discusses the use of machine learning and physics-based approaches in distributed data centers, aircraft engines, and embedded real-time software systems. Reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the field, this book shows how various machine learning and knowledge discovery techniques are used in the analysis of complex engineering systems. It emphasizes the importance of these techniques in managing the intricate interactions within and between the systems to maintain a high degree of reliability.
Induction ofIn VitroandIn VivoNK Cell Cytotoxicity Using High-Avidity Immunoligands Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Prostate Carcinoma (2011)

Cancer that might develop as host natural killer (NK) cells fail to detect ligands for their activating NK receptors. Immunoligands represent promising immunotherapeutic tools to overcome this deficit. These are fusion proteins containing a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) to target an available tumor antigen and ULBP2 to activate host NK cells by targeting the activatory receptor NKG2D. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an integral non-shed type 2 membrane protein that is highly and specifically expressed on prostate epithelial cells and strongly upregulated in prostate cancer. Here, we compare the impact of various anti-PSMA immunoligand formats on the therapeutic efficacy against prostate carcinoma cells by activating NK cells via NKG2D. Shortening of the linker separating the heavy and light chain antibody domain leads to the formation of dimers, trimers, and higher molecular mass oligomers. NK cells are most efficiently activated by multimeric immunoligands, thus showing an altered cytokine release pattern. The high avidity format is also superior in in vitro NK-mediated tumor cell targeting as shown in cytotoxicity assays. Finally, the efficacy of a multimeric immunoligand is shown in a prostate carcinoma mouse xenograft model showing a strong activity against advanced established tumors.
COMBINING MODEL-BASED AND DISCRIMINATIVE APPROACHES IN A MODULAR TWO-STAGE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM: APPLICATION TO ISOLATED HANDWRITTEN DIGIT RECOGNITION (2009)

The motivation of this work is based on two key observations. First, the classification algorithms can be separated into two main categories: discriminative and model-based approaches. Second, two types of patterns can generate problems: ambiguous patterns and outliers. While, the first approach tries to minimize the first type of error, but cannot deal effectively with outliers, the second approach, which is based on the development of a model for each class, make the outlier detection possible, but are not sufficiently discriminant. Thus, we propose to combine these two different approaches in a modular two-stage classification system embedded in a probabilistic framework. In the first stage we pre-estimate the posterior probabilities with a model-based approach and we re-estimate only the highest probabilities with appropriate Support Vector Classifiers (SVC) in the second stage. Another advantage of this combination is to reduce the principal burden of SVC, the processing time necessary to make a decision and to open the way to use SVC in classification problem with a large number of classes. Finally, the first experiments on the benchmark database MNIST have shown that our dynamic classification process allows to maintain the accuracy of SVCs, while decreasing complexity by a factor 8.7 and making the outlier rejection available.
A Photocleavable Masked Nuclear‐Receptor Ligand Enables Temporal Control of C. elegans Development (2014)

The development and lifespan of C. elegans are controlled by the nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12, an important model for the vertebrate vitamin D and liver X receptors. As with its mammalian homologues, DAF-12 function is regulated by bile acid-like steroidal ligands; however, tools for investigating their biosynthesis and function in vivo are lacking. A flexible synthesis for DAF-12 ligands and masked ligand derivatives that enable precise temporal control of DAF-12 function was developed. For ligand masking, photocleavable amides of 5-methoxy-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline (MMNA) were introduced. MMNA-masked ligands are bioavailable and after incorporation into the worm, brief UV irradiation can be used to trigger the expression of DAF-12 target genes and initiate development from dauer larvae into adults. The in vivo release of DAF-12 ligands and other small-molecule signals by using photocleavable MMNA-masked ligands will enable functional studies with precise spatial and temporal resolution.
3D color homography model for photo-realistic color transfer re-coding (2017)

Color transfer is an image editing process that naturally transfers the color theme of a source image to a target image. In this paper, we propose a 3D color homography model which approximates photo-realistic color transfer algorithm as a combination of a 3D perspective transform and a mean intensity mapping. A key advantage of our approach is that the re-coded color transfer algorithm is simple and accurate. Our evaluation demonstrates that our 3D color homography model delivers leading color transfer re-coding performance. In addition, we also show that our 3D color homography model can be applied to color transfer artifact fixing, complex color transfer acceleration, and color-robust image stitching.
Supplementary Table S3 from Safety, Outcomes, and T-Cell Characteristics in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory MDS or CMML Treated with Atezolizumab in Combination with Guadecitabine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of Patients Who Experienced Immune-related Adverse Events AEs.&lt;/p&gt;
Method of solar power prediction (2023)

Techniques for estimating direct and diffuse sunlight reaching a location as a function of time using color whole sky images are provided. In one aspect, a method for forecasting solar insolation is provided that includes the steps of: obtaining color whole sky images using a digital camera which are taken at different times, and wherein an image of a solar disk is present in at least one of the color whole sky images; creating sky transparency images from the color whole sky images; determining atmospheric solar scattering based on a width of the solar disk in the color whole sky images; determining cloud motion trajectories from a time series of the sky transparency images; and calculating the solar insolation as a function of time using the sky transparency, the atmospheric solar scattering, and the cloud motion trajectories. A system for forecasting solar insolation is also provided.
Direct Printing of Reduced Graphene Oxide on Planar or Highly Curved Surfaces with High Resolutions Using Electrohydrodynamics (2015)

Electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is de-monstrated to form complex geometric devices with high resolution (line width ≈ 5 mm). Both planar and highly curved surfaces (radius of curvature ≈ 60 mm) can be used as substrates. Demonstrations of counterfeit coin recognition using RGO patterns and all-printed RGO transistors suggest substantial promise for applications in security and electronics.
Dual-Vivaldi wideband nanoantenna with high radiation efficiency over the infrared frequency band (2011)

A dual-Vivaldi nanoantenna is proposed to demonstrate the possibility of wideband operation at IR frequencies. The antenna geometry design is guided by the material properties of metals at IR frequencies. According to our numerical results, this nanoantenna has both high radiation efficiency and good impedance-matching properties over a wide frequency band (more than 122%) in the IR frequency band. The design is based on the well-known Vivaldi antenna placed on quartz substrate but operating as a pair instead of a single element. Such a pair of Vivaldi antennas oriented in opposite directions produces the main lobe in the broadside direction (normal to the axes of the antennas) rather than the usual peak gain along the axis (end fire) of a single Vivaldi antenna. The dual-Vivaldi nanoantenna is easy to fabricate in a conventional electron-beam lithography process, and it provides a large number of degrees of freedom, facilitating design for ultra-wideband operation.
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis: A powerful tool for characterizing magnetosome preparations (2020)

Abstract Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) has been employed to measure the particle concentration and size distribution of magnetosomes extracted and purified from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1, and then exposed to probe ultrasonication for various times, or 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for 1 h. Particle concentration increased 3.7-fold over the first 15 min of ultrasonication (from 2 × 10 8 to &gt;7.3 × 10 8 particles mL −1 ), but fell steeply to ~3.6 × 10 8 particles mL −1 after 20 min. NTA of untreated magnetosome preparation confirmed a wide particle distribution dominated by larger species (D[1,0] = 312 nm; D n50 = 261 nm; mode = 243 nm) with no particles in the size range of isolated single magnetosomes. After 5 min of ultrasonication the whole particle size distribution shifted to smaller size (D[1,0] = 133 nm; D n50 = 99 nm; mode = 36 nm, corresponding to individual magnetosomes), but longer treatment times (15 and 20 min) reversed the previous transition; all characteristic numbers of the particle size distributions increased and very few small particles were detected. Side-by-side comparison of NTA and TEM sizing data revealed remarkable similarity at low ultrasonication times, with both showing single magnetosomes accounted for ~30% population after 5 min. Exposure of magnetosomes to SDS resulted in a ~3-fold increase in particle concentration to 5.8 × 10 8 particles mL −1 , narrowing of the size distribution and gross elimination of particles below 60 nm. We conclude that NTA is a rapid cost-effective technique for measuring particle number, size distribution and aggregation state of magnetosomes in solution, but requires further work to improve its resolving power.