gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porcine oocyte activation: Differing roles of calcium and pH (2001)

Intracellular pH has recently been shown to increase during parthenogenetic activation of the porcine oocyte. In the following set of experiments, intracellular pH was monitored during activation and pronuclear development was assessed following activation treatments with calcium, in the absence of calcium, and in oocytes loaded with the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM in calcium-free medium. Intracellular pH increase was not different among groups when treating with 7% ethanol or 50 microM calcium ionophore, or during treatment with thimerosal for 12 or 25 min. Activation with thimerosal (200 microM, 12 min) followed by 8 mM dithiothreitol (DTT, 30 min) resulted in a decreased pronuclear development in calcium-free medium with or without BAPTA-AM loaded oocytes as compared to controls. Activation with 50 microM calcium ionophore resulted in pronuclear development that was different between the calcium-free and BAPTA-AM loaded oocytes in calcium-free medium. Similar incidences of pronuclear formation were observed in all ethanol treatment groups. It was concluded that external calcium as well as large changes in intracellular free calcium are not necessary for the increase in intracellular pH, but normal intracellular calcium signaling is critical for normal levels of pronuclear development. Finally, oocytes were measured for intracellular pH changes for 30 min following subzonal sperm injection. Intracellular pH did not increase, although pronuclear formation was observed 6 hr post SUZI. This suggested that major differences were still present between sperm-induced and parthenogenetic activation of the porcine oocyte.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Mo‐Based Catalysts for Efficient Asymmetric Olefin Metathesis. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers and Acetals. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Video Tracker For High Speed Location Measurement (1989)

Video cameras are often used to record the motion of test objects. Manual quantitative measurement of the objects&apos; location and orientation generally requires time consuming analysis of large numbers of images. This paper presents a video tracker using digital imaging techniques, that can automatically track operator-designated features in a sequence of video images. Either the centroid or the edge of a feature can be tracked. The direction of the edge is selected by the operator during track set up, and can be an any angle. Multiple objects in one image and/or multiple features on one object can be tracked. Tracking rates up to 15 images per second are possible. A human operator starts the tracking by designating the feature to be tracked, monitors the automatic tracking, and assists the tracker if necessary. An adaptive threshold maintains automated tracking through changing lighting and background conditions.
The Functional Networks of Prepulse Inhibition: Neuronal Connectivity Analysis Based on FDG-PET in Awake and Unrestrained Rats (2016)

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a neuropsychological process during which a weak sensory stimulus ("prepulse") attenuates the motor response ("startle reaction") to a subsequent strong startling stimulus. It is measured as a surrogate marker of sensorimotor gating in patients suffering from neuropsychological diseases such as schizophrenia, as well as in corresponding animal models. A variety of studies has shown that PPI of the acoustical startle reaction comprises three brain circuitries for: (i) startle mediation, (ii) PPI mediation, and (iii) modulation of PPI mediation. While anatomical connections and information flow in the startle and PPI mediation pathways are well known, spatial and temporal interactions of the numerous regions involved in PPI modulation are incompletely understood. We therefore combined [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron-emission-tomography (FDG-PET) with PPI and resting state control paradigms in awake rats. A battery of subtractive, correlative as well as seed-based functional connectivity analyses revealed a default mode-like network (DMN) active during resting state only. Furthermore, two functional networks were observed during PPI: Metabolic activity in the lateral circuitry was positively correlated with PPI effectiveness and involved the auditory system and emotional regions. The medial network was negatively correlated with PPI effectiveness, i.e., associated with startle, and recruited a spatial/cognitive network. Our study provides evidence for two distinct neuronal networks, whose continuous interplay determines PPI effectiveness in rats, probably by either protecting the prepulse or facilitating startle processing. Discovering similar networks affected in neuropsychological disorders may help to better understand mechanisms of sensorimotor gating deficits and provide new perspectives for therapeutic strategies.
Multi‐site quality and variability analysis of 3D FDG PET segmentations based on phantom and clinical image data (2016)

Analysis results underline the importance of PET scanner reconstruction harmonization and imaging protocol standardization for quantification of lesion volumes. In addition, to enable a distributed multi-site analysis of FDG PET images, harmonization of analysis approaches and operator training in combination with highly automated segmentation methods seems to be advisable. Future work will focus on quantifying the impact of segmentation variation on radiomics system performance.
Image capture via a wedge light-guide with no margins (2010)

We report the capture of images via a wedge light-guide without the margin for fan-in needed heretofore. While this lets one look out of a slim panel as if it were a periscope, half the power is lost and resolution is degraded by aperture diffraction. Volume gratings may resolve these drawbacks at certain wavelengths and we consider how these might be extruded.
Use of RAPD and AFLP Markers to Identify Inter- and Intraspecific Hybrids of Mentha (2005)

Three controlled crosses were carried out involving Mentha arvensis and Mentha spicata [M. spicata CIMAP/C30 x M. spicata CIMAP/C33 (cv. Neera); M. arvensis CIMAP/C18 x CIMAP/C17 (cv. Kalka); and M. arvensis CIMAP/C17 x M. spicata CIMAP/C33]. The parents were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with 80 primers, and polymorphic primers were tested for detecting coinherited RAPD profiles among the progeny of these crosses. Of 50 seedlings tested from each intraspecific cross, all demonstrated dominant profiles with the selected RAPD primers except the detected hybrid from respective crosses. Coinherited markers could be detected with the primers OPJ 01, MAP 06, OPT 08, and OPO 20 for M. arvensis; OPJ 05, OPJ 14, OPO 19, and OPT 09 for M. spicata; and OPJ 07, OPJ 10, OPJ 11, OPJ 14, and OPO 02 for the cross M. arvensis x M. spicata. In our amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, 40 coinherited marker fragments were identified for the cross involving M. arvensis, 32 for the cross involving M. spicata, and 41 for the interspecific cross between M. arvensis and M. spicata. In all crosses, similarity values between the parents were less than those between the parents and the hybrids. Although RAPD markers are generally considered dominant, it is possible to identify a few codominant markers that behave like restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. This molecular marker system may be helpful in rapidly screening out hybrids in crops where cross-pollination is a problem.
Enzyme‐Controlled Reactions Giving Alkanols of Use in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules (1985)

(+/-)-Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one was reduced using a variety of fungi including yeasts. Baker's yeast gave 6-exo-(1R,5S,6S)-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-ol and 6-endo-(1S,5R,6S)-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-ol while Curvularia lunata and Mortierella ramanniana gave only the 6-endo-alcohol and optically active bicycloheptenone. The optically active bicycloheptenols were used to prepare prostaglandin F2 alpha in the natural configuration.
Simulation-based investigation on optical 3D surface measurement with composite spectral patterns (2019)

This paper presents the design and simulation of a single-shot optical 3D sensor based on multispectral pattern projection and a stereo-vision setup of two multispectral snapshot cameras. The performances of various combinations of available multispectral cameras, spatial light patterns, and 3D reconstruction algorithms as well as the geometric arrangements of the stereo-vision camera setup are simulated and analyzed. This simulation-based investigation delivers two optimized combinations of sensor components in terms of hardware and algorithm as orientations for practical sensor development in future, and an appropriate arrangement of the stereo-vision setup is determined. Moreover, the influences of sensor noise on 3D reconstruction are also estimated.
Robust Congestion Control for Demand-Based Optimization in Precoded Multi-Beam High Throughput Satellite Communications (2022)

High-throughput satellite communication systems are growing in strategic importance thanks to their role in delivering broadband services to mobile platforms and residences and/or businesses in rural and remote regions globally. Although precoding has emerged as a prominent technique to meet ever-increasing user demands, there is a lack of studies dealing with congestion control. This paper enhances the performance of multi-beam high throughput geostationary satellite systems under congestion, where the users’ quality of service (QoS) demands cannot be fully satisfied with limited resources. In particular, we propose congestion control strategies, relying on simple power control schemes. We formulate a multi-objective optimization framework balancing the system sum-rate and the number of users satisfying their QoS requirements. Next, we propose two novel approaches that effectively handle the proposed multi-objective optimization problem. The former is a model-based approach that relies on the weighted sum method to enrich the number of satisfied users by solving a series of the sum-rate optimization problems in an iterative manner. The latter is a data-driven approach that offers a low-cost solution by utilizing supervised learning and exploiting the optimization structures as continuous mappings. The proposed general framework is evaluated for different linear precoding techniques, for which the low computational complexity algorithms are designed. Numerical results manifest that our proposed framework effectively handles the congestion issue and brings superior improvements of rate satisfaction to many users than previous works. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms show low run-time and make them realistic for practical systems.
Near-Infrared photoacoustic microscopy of lipids based on a nanosecond SRS fiber amplifier (2022)

Near-Infrared Photoacoustic Microscopy (NIR-PAM) has a unique potential to label-free image lipids with high-resolution, -sensitivity, and -speed, which constitute essential biohallmarks to investigate biological functionalities and pathophysiological processes. To empower NIR-PAM for accessing the intrinsic vibrational absorption of lipids, we demonstrate a novel stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) fiber amplifier that delivers optical excitation at ~1200 nm, >200 kHz repetition rates, <2 ns pulse durations, and 5 µJ pulse energies. We apply NIR-PAM to resolve intrinsic lipid contrast in biomedical specimens ranging from single-cells to lipid-rich tissue with subcellular resolution.
Synfuels environmental research program for high-Btu coal gasification: health effects summary report (1986)

Process materials from two coal gasification pilot plants were evaluated for their toxicologic potential by investigators in the Synfuels Environmental Research Program at Argonne National Laboratory. The process samples were collected at the HYGAS fluidized-bed gasifier operated by the Institute of Gas Technology (Chicago, IL) and at a slagging fixed-bed gasifier at the University of North Dakota Energy Research Center (UNDERC; Grand Forks, ND). A tiered approach was used or the toxicologic evaluation. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the materials were first assessed with a battery of short-term cellular screening assays. Selected toxic materials were then studied in a number of acute and chronic whole-animal toxicity assays, including tests of carcinogenicity. In the screening assays, a number of materials from both gasifiers were found to be genotoxic and cytotoxic. All HYGAS materials except quench waters yielded nonvolatile organic (NVO) fractions containing mutagenic components as determined in the Ames Salmonella assay. Fewer materials were tested in whole-animal assays. HYGAS recycle oil was slightly toxic in an acute oral toxicity assay (LD/sub 50/ was 1.3 g/kg). HYGAS recycle oil and char slurry oil caused dermal response in rabbits. NVO fractions of a HYGAS LTR gas condensate, pretreater quench water, char slurry oil,more » cyclone slurry, and recycle oil were eye irritants. HYGAS recycle oil and UNDERC tar were dermal carcinogens in mice.« less
Operations Committee Roundtable Discussion with Facilities and Operations (F&O) [Slides] (2020)

Abstract not provided.
As 2 S 3 Surface Chemistry Changes Under Ion Sputtering by XPS (2002)

This paper reports our results on XPS studies of the chemical variation of As2S3 glass due to the effect of ion sputtering. The principal core levels are studied by XPS before and after exposure to an Ar+ ion beam.
Effect of a Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor on Lens-Induced Myopia (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Purpose:&lt;/i&gt; It has still not been determined whether the retinal mechanism causing form-deprivation myopia (FDM) is different from that causing lens-induced myopia (LIM). We previously reported that FDM was blocked by an intravitreal injection of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-arginine methyl ester (&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-NAME). In this study, we investigated the effect of &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-NAME on LIM in chicks. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; The left eyes of 6-day-old chicks were injected with 30 µl of nontoxic concentrations of &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-NAME (≤360 m&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;) or saline. The right eyes were injected with 30 µl of saline. A –16 dpt lens was placed in front of the left eye for 6 days. Another group of 6 chicks were injected with 180 m&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-NAME (left eye) and with saline (right eye) before placing –16 dpt lenses in front of both eyes. After removing the lens, the refraction and the axial length were measured. The effect of &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-NAME (180 m&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;) on the retina of a separate group of chicks was examined by electroretinography 60 min after an intravitreal injection in non-LIM-treated eyes. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The eyes of chicks that were injected with 180 or 360 m&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-NAME were less myopic and had significantly shorter axial lengths than control eyes. A significant decrease of the On response and an increase of the Off response were observed. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; The injection of &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-NAME into developing chick eyes that were then covered with a –16 dpt lens resulted in a modifications of retinal function and an inhibition of the development of myopia. These results, combined with the earlier findings, suggest that NO modulates a common retinal pathway that leads to both LIM and FDM.
Fail-Safe Spacecraft Rendezvous on Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbits (2021)

Future spacecraft missions require novel guidance and control policies that reduce fuel consumption, yield sparse thrust signals, and maintain mission safety even in the presence of faults. This paper presents an approach for rendezvous with a target in a near-rectilinear halo orbit that exploits the natural dynamics to reduce propellant consumption, and ensures passive safety in the presence of thruster failure. A chaser spacecraft that aims to rendezvous with a target is steered into coasting sets while simultaneously maintaining passive safety by avoiding the states that naturally collide with the target. Upon entering the coasting sets, the chaser's thrusters are disengaged, as the natural dynamics lead it into a goal set. Abort-safety is then demonstrated during final approach from the goal set to the target. The target is modeled in a full-ephemeris, high-fidelity, and quasi-periodic near-rectilinear halo orbit. Simulations demonstrate a reduction in maneuver fuel consumption, measured by delta-v, of up to 72.5% and a significant reduction of thruster on-time compared to prior work.
Acceleration of FDTD-based Inverse Design Using a Neural Network Approach (2017)

Instead of using FDTD simulations for all the inverse design steps, we proposed to use neural network-based fitting to estimate the output of the FDTD simulations, and improve the design. We observed clear acceleration in the improvement of metric.
Magnetic resonance imaging of vascular compression in trigeminal neuralgia (1989)

A case of trigeminal neuralgia is reported in which preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve. Surgery confirmed compression and indentation of the fifth nerve by a large branch of the superior cerebellar artery. Following microvascular decompression, the patient experienced no further pain. Magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in the evaluation of trigeminal neuralgia to identify a subgroup of patients who could benefit most from decompression.
Table S7-12 from The Landscape of Actionable Genomic Alterations in Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA from 21,807 Advanced Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mutual exclusivity statistics for cfDNA alterations in lung adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer&lt;/p&gt;
An Ultrasound-based Localization Algorithm for Catheter Ablation Guidance in the Left Atrium (2009)

We present a method for catheter localization in the left atrium based on the unscented particle filter (UPF), a Monte Carlo method employed in stochastic state estimation. Using an intracardiac echo (ICE) ultrasound catheter, we acquire ultrasound images of the atrium from multiple configurations and iteratively determine the catheter’s pose with respect to anatomy. At each time step, the catheter’s change in pose is determined using either a six-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic pose sensor or a robotic guide catheter whose kinematics serve as a pseudo-pose measurement. Sensor and kinematic model uncertainties are explicitly considered when computing the localization estimate. Acquired ultrasound images are compared with simulated ultrasound images based on segmented computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) data of the left atrium. The results of these comparisons are used to refine the localization estimate. After considering less than 30 seconds’ worth of ICE data, our algorithm converges to an accurate pose estimate. Furthermore, our algorithm is robust to sensor drift and kinematic model errors, as well as gradual, unmodeled movements in the anatomy. Such problems typically complicate traditional image-based localization.
The Transcriptional Cofactor Nab2 Is Induced by TGF-β and Suppresses Fibroblast Activation: Physiological Roles and Impaired Expression in Scleroderma (2009)

By stimulating collagen synthesis and myofibroblasts differentiation, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- beta) plays a pivotal role in tissue repair and fibrosis. The early growth response-1 (Egr-1) transcription factor mediates profibrotic TGF-beta responses, and its expression is elevated in biopsies from patients with scleroderma. NGF1-A-binding protein 2 (Nab2) is a conserved transcriptional cofactor that directly binds to Egr-1 and positively or negatively modulates Egr-1 target gene transcription. Despite the recognized importance of Nab2 in governing the intensity of Egr-1-dependent responses, the regulation and function of Nab2 in the context of fibrotic TGF-beta signaling is unknown. Here we show that TGF-beta caused a time-dependent stimulation of Nab2 protein and mRNA in normal fibroblasts. Ectopic expression of Nab2 in these cells blocked Egr-1-dependent transcriptional responses, and abrogated TGF-beta-induced stimulation of collagen synthesis and myofibroblasts differentiation. These inhibitory effects of Nab2 involved recruitment of the NuRD chromatin remodeling complex to the COL1A2 promoter and were accompanied by reduced histone H4 acetylation. Mice with targeted deletion of Nab2 displayed increased collagen accumulation in the dermis, and genetic or siRNA-mediated loss of Nab2 in fibroblasts was associated with constitutively elevated collagen synthesis and accentuation of Egr-1-dependent TGF-beta responses in vitro. Expression of Nab2 was markedly up-regulated in skin biopsies from patients with scleroderma, and was localized primarily to epidermal keratinocytes. In contrast, little Nab2 could be detected in dermal fibroblasts. These results identify Nab2 as a novel endogenous negative regulator of Egr-1-dependent TGF-beta signaling responsible for setting the intensity of fibrotic responses. Defective Nab2 expression or function in dermal fibroblasts might play a role in persistent fibrotic responses in scleroderma.
Inhibition of Renal Fibrosis and Glomerular Injury by Sacubitril/Valsartan, a Combination Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Neprilysin Inhibitor, in a Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Model Using Angiotensin 1 Receptor Knockout Mice: The Contribution of Non-Angiotensin Blocking Effects to Renal Protection (2018)

Introduction: “Aldosterone breakthrough,” which is observed in patients receiving long term treatment with angiotensin blockade, is strongly associated with the increased risk of a declining glomerular filtration rate through the profibrotic actions of aldosterone. Sacubitril/valsartan is a newly created combination medicine (the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan and the neprilysin-inhibitor sacubitril). Therefore, sacubitril/valsartan should have additional organ-protective actions besides the angiotensin blockade. Methods: In this study, we examined the renal protective effect of sacubitril/valsartan in a salt-sensitive hypertension model using angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1aR) knockout mice. An oral administration of 1% NaCl solution with sacubitril/valsartan (30 or 60 mg/kg/day) or valsartan (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) alone beginning 7 days before administration of aldosterone was examined in an aldosterone infusion AT1R knockout mouse model as an aldosterone breakthrough model. Results / Conclusion: A significant decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) was observed in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared to the valsartan group under low and high doses. In addition, the pathological analysis of the kidney for glomerular fibrosis by Sirius red staining and for injury by PAS staining demonstrated significant reductions accompanied by a significant reduction in TGF-β in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared to the valsartan group. Overall, sacubitril/valsartan, which has the dual actions of the AT1R blockade and neprilysin inhibition, may have additional clinical values for the treatment of hypertensive patients with aldosterone breakthrough.