gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of extracellular matrix components and dihydrotestosterone on the structure and function of human prostate cancer cells (1992)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to play a major role in cell structure and function. Several studies have demonstrated that the ECM can alter cell morphology and effect DNA synthesis and gene expression. The ECM also interacts with growth hormones which have been shown to be located in or near the ECM where they are believed to effect cell structure and function. In the nontransformed cell, these ECM and hormone-mediated effects appear to be tightly regulated and this is believed to be accomplished through cell receptor-tissue matrix interactions. We, therefore, undertook a study to determine the effects of a variety of ECM components and the adrogenic hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the structure and function of the human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. The effects of individual matrix components in the presence and absence of 1 nM DHT on the static and dynamic morphology, growth rate, and PSA production of the LNCaP cell line were studied. We determine that the ECM and DHT interact in complex ways to effect cell structure and function. DHT produced alterations in cytoplasmic structure that increased cell size and decreased the nuclear area/cytoplasmic area ratio. Dynamic cell structure as measured by cell motility was very sensitive to the ECM components and the presence of DHT. PSA and growth could be regulated by substratum and DHT and there was an inverse relationship between PSA production and growth rate. These data exemplify the complex interactions which occur between prostate cancer cells, ECM components, and exogenous DHT that are reflected in cell structure and function.
Differential expression of microRNAs following cardiopulmonary bypass in children with congenital heart diseases (2017)

Our result identified the overall changes of the miRNome in right atrium tissue of patients with CHDs after CPB. The differentially altered miRNAs lay a good foundation for further understanding of the molecular function of changed miRNAs in regulating CHDs and after CPB in particular.
Diniobium, Nb2, and dimolybdenum, Mo2. Syntheses, ultraviolet-visible spectra and molecular orbital investigations of diniobium and dimolybdenum. Spectral and bonding comparisons with divanadium (V2) and dichromium (Cr2) (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiniobium, Nb2, and dimolybdenum, Mo2. Syntheses, ultraviolet-visible spectra and molecular orbital investigations of diniobium and dimolybdenum. Spectral and bonding comparisons with divanadium (V2) and dichromium (Cr2)W. Klotzbuecher and G. A. OzinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 5, 984–987Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50171a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50171a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms of GDF-5 action during skeletal development (1999)

Mutations in GDF-5, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, result in the autosomal recessive syndromes brachypod (bp) in mice and Hunter-Thompson and Grebe-type chondrodysplasias in humans. These syndromes are all characterised by the shortening of the appendicular skeleton and loss or abnormal development of some joints. To investigate how GDF-5 controls skeletogenesis, we overexpressed GDF-5 during chick limb development using the retrovirus, RCASBP. This resulted in up to a 37.5% increase in length of the skeletal elements, which was predominantly due to an increase in the number of chondrocytes. By injecting virus at different stages of development, we show that GDF-5 can increase both the size of the early cartilage condensation and the later developing skeletal element. Using in vitro micromass cultures as a model system to study the early steps of chondrogenesis, we show that GDF-5 increases chondrogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. We did not detect changes in proliferation. However, cell suspension cultures showed that GDF-5 might act at these stages by increasing cell adhesion, a critical determinant of early chondrogenesis. In contrast, pulse labelling experiments of GDF-5-infected limbs showed that at later stages of skeletal development GDF-5 can increase proliferation of chondrocytes. Thus, here we show two mechanisms of how GDF-5 may control different stages of skeletogenesis. Finally, our data show that levels of GDF-5 expression/activity are important in controlling the size of skeletal elements and provides a possible explanation for the variation in the severity of skeletal defects resulting from mutations in GDF-5.
Conformity and communal decision-making: First-tester effects on acceptance of home-based HIV counseling and testing in Uganda (2018)

Background : Individuals’ observation of how group members ahead of them behave can profoundly shape their perceptions, judgements, and subsequent behaviors. Moreover, social influence theories from the sociology of networks suggest that individuals’ social status and social network position determine the scope of their influence on other group members. We set out to examine the role of conformity and communal decision-making in shaping individual decisions to test for HIV during home-based TB contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: We analyzed the HIV testing decisions of individuals who were offered free, optional, home-based HIV testing during a home visit by community health workers. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to estimate how the testing decision made by the first individual in a household offered testing influenced the subsequent testing decisions of other household members. Results: Community health workers visited 55 households with two or more eligible household members and offered 160 individuals HIV testing. Seventy-five (47%) declined the test. Individuals in households where the first person invited declined HIV testing had four times the risk of declining themselves (RR: 3.96, 95% CI: 1.7-9.0, p=0.001) compared to individuals in households where the first person invited agreed to HIV testing, controlling for individual age and gender. Conclusions : The decision of the first individual offered HIV testing seems to influence the decisions of subsequent household members when they are also offered testing. Even when results are confidential, individual decisions may be shaped by the testing behavior of the first household member offered the test.
Low-Cost Polarization Scrambling Using a Single Re-Entrant Polarization Controller (2006)

We present a low-cost mechanical polarization scrambler capable of near 100 KHz scrambling speed using a single modified Lefevre controller. By reusing the same controller, many sections can be implemented and the scalability promises higher scrambling rates. The device is wideband, polarization-independent and low-loss providing a degree-of-polarization of less than 5%
Modeling Transients in Li/CFx-SVO Hybrid-Cathode Batteries (2008)

This document describes a first-principles-based mathematical model developed to predict the transient voltage-time behavior of batteries having hybrid cathodes comprising a mixture of carbon monofluoride (CFx) and silver vanadium oxide (SVO). These batteries typically operate at low to moderate rates of discharge, lasting several years. However, newer applications demand high-rate discharges from these batteries, although for a relatively short period of time. The model presented here is a very useful tool for design optimization and performance prediction of batteries under low-rate discharges as well as high-current pulses.
Translation and Rotation of Penetrants in Ultrapermeable Nanocomposite Membrane of Poly(2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene) and Fumed Silica (2005)

Diffusion of pentane, cyclohexane, and toluene in nanocomposite films of fumed silica and poly(2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene) is observed by pulse field gradient NMR. The apparent diffusion constant determined in this experiment depends on the time over which the diffusion measurement is made. The pure copolymer and the nanocomposites based on it are inhomogeneous materials phenomenologically similar to a porous system with the fast diffusion domains having an apparent pore size in the micron size range. In this regard the diffusion can be considered to be anomalous with slopes as low as 0.6 in plots of the logarithm of mean-square displacement vs the logarithm of time at short observation times and at lower silica content. The slower diffusing toluene and cyclohexane are influenced to a greater extent by the inhomogeneous structure when motion is considered over the same time. The addition of nanoparticles increases the diffusion constants of the penetrants substantially, and the diffusion constants from NMR are consistent with diffusion constants determined from desorption experiments. At high nanoparticle concentration, the apparent pore size increases and diffusion becomes closer to Fickian. Rotational motion of cylcohexane is characterized by deuterium spin−lattice relaxation time measurements made as a function of temperature on deuterated cyclohexane in the copolymer/nanoparticle composite. Two minima are present in the spin−lattice relaxation data, indicating the presence of two distinct rotational processes. The two processes are interpreted in terms of the presence of two domains just as in the interpretation of the diffusion data. While an increase in nanoparticle concentration increases the apparent diffusion constants at long times, it does not change rotational motion. The increase in translational mobility is attributed to improved connections between the domains.
Marketing or strategy? Defining the best approach to expand the anesthesiology workforce in Israel (2015)

There is a chronic shortage of anesthesiologists in Israel. The study by Cohen et al. suggests that a marketing campaign may be one method of addressing this shortage. This commentary argues for a more comprehensive strategy based on the US experience. This would not only involve marketing as suggested by Cohen et al. but would also involve a fundamental change in the Israel anesthesia care model, as well as providing substantial financial incentives to young physicians. We believe that a combination of these approaches will help to alleviate the shortage of anesthesia providers in Israel. Creating a new class of physician extenders, namely, anesthesiologist assistants, would also provide an employment pathway for the skilled medical technicians trained by the Israel Defense Forces, and other non-physicians with an interest in anesthesiology.
Anabolic/Catabolic Balance in Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Identifying Molecular Targets (2011)

Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative musculoskeletal disease. In healthy cartilage, a low turnover of extracellular matrix molecules occurs. Proper balance of anabolic and catabolic activities is thus crucial for the maintenance of cartilage tissue integrity and for the repair of molecular damages sustained during daily usage. In persons with degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis, this balance of anabolic and catabolic activities is compromised, and the extent of tissue degradation predominates over the capacity of tissue repair. This mismatch eventually results in cartilage loss in persons with osteoarthritis. Tissue homeostasis is controlled by coordinated actions and crosstalk among a number of proanabolic and antianabolic and procatabolic and anticatabolic factors. In osteoarthritis, an elevation of antianabolic and catabolic factors occurs. Interestingly, anabolic activity is also increased, but this response fails to repair the tissue because of both quantitative and qualitative insufficiency. This review presents an overview of the anabolic and catabolic activities involved in cartilage degeneration and the interplay among different signaling and metabolic factors. Understanding the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for tissue degeneration is critical to identifying and developing means to efficiently block or reverse the pathobiological symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Suppression of Acute and Chronic Rejection by Hepatocyte Growth Factor in a Murine Model of Cardiac Transplantation (2004)

Our findings demonstrate that HGF can prolong the survival of allografts by its cardioprotective and immunomodulative potencies. Thus, HGF administration may constitute a new therapeutic approach to preventing cardiac graft failure that has not been overcome by conventional immunosuppressive agents.
Le Plan - Document (2009)

L'objet filmique que nous proposons de denommer plan-document est un element constitutif d'une construction multimedia, d'une page web. Quels sens particuliers vehicule-il ? Pourquoi le redecouvrons-nous depuis quelques annees? En fait, les limites initiales de cet objet visuel repondent actuellement a des attentes qui s'inscrivent dans la continuite des medias electroniques caracterises par le temps reel et la reduction des distances entre la realite et le destinataire, entre le referent et le signe.Nous essaierons donc de demontrer que nous sommes en presence d'un objet elementaire qui renforce une mediation entre la realite et les usagers.
Performance boosting strategy for perovskite light-emitting diodes (2019)

Low-dimensional (low-D) luminescent materials have attracted significant attention due to the high photoluminescent quantum yields. However, it is unclear whether low-D materials are superior to 3D materials for electroluminescent (EL) devices given that low-D materials have poor charge transport nature due to their highly localized electronic structures. We noticed a significant phenomenon that EL performances for 3D materials, such as CsPbX3, are governed by adjacent charge transport layers, which is possibly due to nonradiative recombination resulting from the small exciton binding energy. This finding encouraged us to develop new electron transport layers (ETLs) that satisfy not only the energy alignment to confine excitons but also an efficient electron injection into 3D CsPbX3 layers. This strategy enables one to exploit the good charge transport nature of 3D CsPbX3. The proposed amorphous Zn-Si-O ETL has sufficiently shallow electron affinity (∼3.2 eV) to confine excitons and sufficiently high electron mobility (∼0.8 cm2/V s) to transport electrons. Furthermore, the controllable conductivity and electron affinity of amorphous Zn-Si-O enable fine-tuning of charge balance. Consequently, the very low operating voltage of 2.9 V at 10 000 cd/m2 and high power efficiency of 33 lm/W were achieved for a green perovskite (CsPbBr3) EL (PeLED). The obtained ultrahigh brightness of ∼500 000 cd/m2 demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. We also extend this strategy into 3D CsPbBrI2 (red) and 3D CsPbBrCl2 (blue) PeLEDs, and demonstrate a record high brightness of 20 000 cd/m2 for the red PeLED. We believe this study provides new insight into the realization of practical PeLEDs.
A 1,2,3-dithiazolyl-o-naphthoquinone: a neutral radical with isolable cation and anion oxidation states (2016)

Under aprotic conditions, the reaction of 4-amino-1,2-naphthoquinone with excess S2Cl2 generates 4,5-dioxo-naphtho[1,2-d][1,2,3]dithiazol-2-ium chloride in a typical Herz condensation. By contrast, prior literature reports an imine (NH) product, 4,5-dioxo-1H-naphtho[1,2-d][1,2,3]dithiazole, for the same reaction performed in acetic acid. Herein, the cation product is isolated with four different counter-anions (Cl(-), GaCl4(-), FeCl4(-) and OTf(-)). Reduction of the cation generates a neutral radical 1,2,3-dithiazolyl-o-naphthoquinone, with potential ligand properties. Further reduction generates a closed shell anion, isolated as a water-stable Li(+) complex and exhibiting O,O-bidentate chelation. The hydroxy (OH) isomer of the original imine (NH) product is reported, and this can be readily deprotonated and acylated (OAc). All species are structurally characterized. Solution redox behaviour and EPR are discussed where appropriate.
Rapid reactive transfer printing of CIGS photovoltaics (2009)

We demonstrate photovoltaic integrated circuits (PVIC) with high-quality large-grain Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) obtained with the unique combination of low-cost ink-based or Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) based nanoengineered precursor thin films and a reactive transfer printing method. Reactive transfer is a two-stage process relying on chemical reaction between two separate precursor films to form CIGS, one deposited on the substrate and the other on a printing plate in the first stage. In the second stage, these precursors are brought into intimate contact and rapidly reacted under pressure in the presence of an electrostatic field while heat is applied. The use of two independent thin films provides the benefits of independent composition and flexible deposition technique optimization, and eliminates pre-reaction prior to the synthesis of CIGS. High quality CIGS with large grains on the order of several microns, and of preferred crystallographic orientation, are formed in just several minutes based on compositional and structural analysis by XRF, SIMS, SEM and XRD. Cell efficiencies of 14% and module efficiencies of 12% have been achieved using this method. When atmospheric pressure deposition of inks is utilized for the precursor films, the approach additionally provides further reduced capital equipment cost, lower thermal budget, and higher throughput.
Two Forms of Nitrogenase from the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum (1979)

Acetylene reduction by nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, unlike that by other nitrogenases, was recently found by other investigators to require an activation of the iron protein of nitrogenase by an activating system comprising a chromatophore membrane component, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and divalent metal ions. In an extension of this work, we observed that the same activating system was also required for nitrogenase-linked H(2) evolution. However, we found that, depending on their nitrogen nutrition regime, R. rubrum cells produced two forms of nitrogenase that differed in their Fe protein components. Cells whose nitrogen supply was totally exhausted before harvest yielded predominantly a form of nitrogenase (A) whose enzymatic activity was not governed by the activating system, whereas cells supplied up to harvest time with N(2) or glutamate yielded predominantly a form of nitrogenase (R) whose enzymatic activity was regulated by the activating system. An unexpected finding was the rapid (less than 10 min in some cases) intracellular conversion of nitrogenase A to nitrogenase R brought about by the addition to nitrogen-starved cells of glutamine, asparagine, or, particularly, ammonia. This finding suggests that mechanisms other than de novo protein synthesis were involved in the conversion of nitrogenase A to the R form. The molecular weights of the Fe protein and Mo-Fe protein components from nitrogenases A and R were the same. However, nitrogenase A appeared to be larger in size, because it had more Fe protein units per Mo-Fe protein than did nitrogenase R. A distinguishing property of the Fe protein from nitrogenase R was its ATP requirement. When combined with the Mo-Fe protein (from either nitrogenase A or nitrogenase R), the R form of Fe protein required a lower ATP concentration but bound or utilized more ATP molecules during acetylene reduction than did the A form of Fe protein. No differences between the Fe proteins from the two forms of nitrogenase were found in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum, midpoint oxidation-reduction potential, or sensitivity to iron chelators.
Hemiface Allotransplantation in the Mouse (2012)

Rat models of experimental face transplantation have been widely used to study vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation. Because the mouse represents a superior species for vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation research, the authors developed a novel surgical technique with which to perform hemiface transplantation in mice. BALB/c hemifacial grafts were transplanted into BALB/c (group 1) or C57BL6 (group 2) recipients (n = 6 per group). Myocutaneous hemiface grafts including a vascular pedicle consisting of the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein were retrieved using superfine microsurgical instruments. The graft was transplanted orthotopically and revascularized using the recipient common carotid artery and external jugular vein for anastomosis applying a non-suture cuff technique. After an initial learning curve, the surgical procedure was performed with a constant and high success rate (78 percent). Operating time was comparable in all groups and lasted 120 ± 15 minutes for the donor and 150 ± 12 minutes for the recipient. All syngeneic grafts survived long term (>100 days). Allograft rejection in group 2 occurred within 14 ± 2 days. Hematoxylin and eosin stains of syngeneic grafts revealed unaltered muscle and skin histology. Allogeneic grafts gradually showed distinct rejection patterns progressing with time and similar to those observed after human face transplantation. This is the first description of a mouse hemiface allotransplantation model. The microsurgically demanding procedure may be used to investigate basic immunology and rejection and to address questions related to nerve regeneration in reconstructive face transplantation.