gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Fluorohydrins through Electrophilic Fluorination of Allyl Silanes (2011)

A convenient method for the efficient and regioselective monofluorination of allyl silanes to afford 1-fluoro-3-silyl-2-ols in 43-62% yields via fluorohydroxylation, using Selectfluor as the eletrophilic fluorination reagent has been developed. The regioselectivity can be rationalized by considering the stabilization of the β-carbocation intermediate by the silyl group.
Phase Asynchronous Physical-Layer Network Coding: Decoder Design and Experimental Study (2017)

Physical-layer network coding (PNC) channel decoding at the relay is of key importance for good performance in PNC systems. However, PNC channel decoders can have prohibitive computation complexity. Low complexity non-iterative PNC channel decoders are desired in practice. For such PNC decoders, decoding performance may degrade significantly when there is a relative phase offset between the simultaneous signals of multiple nodes received at the relay, particularly when bit-likelihood-based decoding is adopted. In this paper, we thoroughly investigate and numerically quantify the impact of relative phase offset on decoding performance. To maintain good decoding performance under relative phase offset, we introduce and experimentally evaluate symbol-likelihood-based decoding (in contrast to bit-likelihood-based decoding) for PNC systems. Our experimental results show that symbol-likelihood-based decoding improves the packet throughput over bit-likelihood-based decoding by 100% to 400% at SNR of 15 dBs. Moreover, we study the computational complexity under both these decoding methods. We find that a reduced-complexity decoder with symbol-likelihood-based decoding provides the best performance-complexity tradeoff for practical PNC systems.
Synthesis of application-specific memory designs (1997)

This paper discusses the mapping of arrays in a behavior to memories in an implementation. We introduce a novel approach to the design of memory systems, which is based on a variety of array grouping techniques and dimensional transformations, and the binding of array groups to memory components with different dimensions, access times, and number of ports. The results of design actions are computed in terms of memory cost, the number of wires necessary to connect the memory to the data path, and the limit of performance imposed by the memory design on the implementation. Three different procedures can be used to find a suitable memory design. All three procedures are directed by a weighted and constrained system cost function, which enables the expression of the user's design priorities. Compared to related research efforts, our approach improves performance by as much as 19%, reduces memory cost as 40%, and decreases the number of wires required to connect the memory to the data path by up to 57%.
SOX2, frequently down-regulated in gastric cancers, inhibits cell growth and its DNA hypermethylation is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients (2008)

4276 SOX transcription factors are essential for embryonic development and play critical roles in cell fate determination, differentiation and proliferation. We previously reported that the SOX2 protein is expressed in normal gastric mucosae but down-regulated in some human gastric carcinomas. However, the mechanisms underlying loss of SOX2 expression in gastric cancers and how SOX2 is involved in gastric carcinogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed whether SOX2 is epigenetically silenced by aberrant promoter methylation in human cultured and primary gastric cancer cells. To further clarify the roles of SOX2 in gastric carcinogenesis, we also carried out functional characterization of SOX2 in gastric epithelial cell lines. We initially examined SOX2 expression levels in human gastric cancer cell lines and primary gastric carcinoma tissues by RT-PCR. SOX2 mRNA was significantly reduced in 7 of 10 cell lines and 6 of 13 cases, compared with the levels of the normal stomach mucosae. By using methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing, we observed promoter CpG island hypermethylation in two of 10 gastric cancer cell lines, both of which exhibited undetectable SOX2 expression. These two cell lines up-regulated SOX2 expression after treatment with a demethylating agent but not with a histone deacetyltransferase inhibitor. In primary gastric carcinoma tissues, 12 of 74 (16.2%) cases exhibited the hypermethylation signals of SOX2, whereas none of the 24 corresponding non-cancerous tissues did (P=0.027). Importantly, among the 52 patients with advanced gastric cancers, those with cancers showing SOX2 methylation had a significantly shorter survival time than those without this methylation (P=0.0062). Exogenous expression of SOX2 induced inhibition of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We also found that SOX2-mediated cell cycle arrest was strongly associated with decreased levels of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated Rb, and an increased p27Kip1 level. These cells exhibited further characteristics of apoptosis, such as DNA laddering and caspase-3 activation. Our data indicate that SOX2 plays important roles in growth inhibition through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells, and loss of SOX2 expression due to aberrant DNA methylation may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. Furthermore, SOX2 methylation can be a clinically useful prognostic marker for advanced gastric cancer patients.
FDTD modeling of finite spot scatterometry (2008)

In this work, the FDTD method is applied to the modeling of finite spot scatterometry. Scatterometry is a non-imaging optical technique for extraction of parameters characterizing the quality of wafer processing in the IC industry. Several numerical methods have previously been adapted for scatterometry applications. However, infinite spot assumption has been inherent there. A Gaussian beam approach will be presented now as an alternative. It allows investigating the influence of reduced spot size on the accuracy of scatterometry techniques, with simultaneous economies in terms of wafer surface.
Hysteroscopic Embryo Transfer or Implantation- Experience of a Decade: An Alternative Objective and Reliable Method for Embryo Transfer (HEED) and Implantation (SEED) (2015)

Aims: Here we present early experience using HEED and SEED along with a description of these procedures in more detail. There is also a new look at the endometrial cavity and the placement of embryo transfer or implantation while under direct visualization. Study Design: Retrospective non-randomized and uncontrolled case series. Place and Duration of Study: West Coast IVF Clinic, Inc. and LA IVF Lab, LLC, Beverly Hills, CA, USA, between June, 2002 and June, 2011. Methodology: Embryo transfer was done using a mini flexible hysteroscope with an articulating tip. This was accomplished by either placing the embryo gently on the surface of the endometrium (HEED) in 35 patients undergoing IVF, or embedding the embryo just beneath the endometrial surface (SEED) in 24 patient starts using egg donation. Once pregnancy was confirmed with a positive serum hCG, they were followed up with transvaginal ultrasounds and serial serum hCG’s Clinical Practice Articles Kamrava and Yin; BJMMR, 6(7): 723-729, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.249 724 in the first trimester. They were then referred to their local obstetricians and final outcomes were recorded after deliveries. Results: There were a total of 35 patients in the early (days 2 or 3) embryo transfer group (HEED) which resulted in 16(46%) total pregnancies, which included 2 biochemical pregnancies, 2 ectopics, 5 spontaneous miscarriages, and 3 multiple pregnancies. There were 7 (20%) live births. In the second group of patients with day 5 or 6 embryo implantations (SEED), there were a total of 24 patient starts, with 16(67%), 4, 0, 5, and 4 total, biochemical, ectopic and multiple pregnancies respectively. There were 7(29%) live births. Conclusion: Hysteroscopic embryo transfer or implantation may increase successful pregnancies and decrease risks and side effects from IVF procedures. Further prospective, controlled and randomized studies are needed to determine effectiveness of these procedures.
Selective DYRK1A Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: Discovery of 6-Azaindole Derivative GNF2133 (2020)

Autoimmune deficiency and destruction in either β-cell mass or function can cause insufficient insulin levels and, as a result, hyperglycemia and diabetes. Thus, promoting β-cell proliferation could be one approach toward diabetes intervention. In this report we describe the discovery of a potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitor GNF2133, which was identified through optimization of a 6-azaindole screening hit. <i>In vitro</i>, GNF2133 is able to proliferate both rodent and human β-cells. <i>In vivo</i>, GNF2133 demonstrated significant dose-dependent glucose disposal capacity and insulin secretion in response to glucose-potentiated arginine-induced insulin secretion (GPAIS) challenge in rat insulin promoter and diphtheria toxin A (RIP-DTA) mice. The work described here provides new avenues to disease altering therapeutic interventions in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Divergent Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Variants Are Serologically Cross-Reactive (1995)

It is not known whether DNA sequence variants of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) are distinct serotypes. To examine this question, the reactivities of women's sera from Zaire (n = 97) and Denmark (n = 123) were compared in IgG-specific ELISAs based on virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the L1 major capsid protein derived from an HPV-16 variant common in central Africa (Z-1194) or one common in northern Europe (114K). These L1s differ in seven amino acids. There was a strong correlation between reactivity in the two assays for both sets of sera (correlation coefficients, 0.73 and 0.85 for Zairian and Danish sera, respectively). In only 1 serum was there evidence for a specific reaction to one but not the other VLP variant. The results support the conclusion that the virions of strains Z-1194 and 114K are serologically cross-reactive.
ACTIVITY OF ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE, ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE, AND ACETYLCHOLINE ESTERASE IN STRITATUM OF RATS BEARING ELECTROLYTIC LESIONS OF THE MEDIAL FOREBRAIN BUNDLE (1975)

Abstract— A number of enzymes have been measured in the striatum of rats in which the dopamine‐containing nerve terminals had been unilaterally destroyed by means of unipolar electrolytic lesions of the medial fore‐brain bundle. Fourteen and 28 days after such lesions the tyrosine hydroxylase activity of the striatum was reduced to immeasurably low values, but neither aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde reductase, nor acetylcholine esterase was affected when compared with the striatum from the intact side of the same rat or with those from control rats. These results indicate that in the rat the 3 enzymes are not localized with tyrosine hydroxylase, in the dopaminergic nerve terminals of the striatum. This conclusion is supported by a study of the subcellular localization of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat brain. This enzyme is distributed between the cytosol and the particulate fraction of brain homogenates separated by centrifugal techniques. with no exceptionally high concentration of the enzyme in the synaptosomal fraction. Because neither of the enzymes of post‐deaminative catabolism of dopamine is concentrated in the dopaminergic nerve terminals of the striatum of the rat, it is proposed that in this species the amine is not necessarily taken up by the nerve terminals prior to catabolism.
A stroke detection and discrimination framework using broadband microwave scattering on stochastic models with deep learning (2021)

Stroke poses an immense public health burden and remains among the primary causes of death and disability worldwide. Emergent therapy is often precluded by late or indeterminate times of onset before initial clinical presentation. Rapid, mobile, safe and low-cost stroke detection technology remains a deeply unmet clinical need. Past studies have explored the use of microwave and other small form-factor strategies for rapid stroke detection; however, widespread clinical adoption remains unrealized. Here, we investigated the use of microwave scattering perturbations from ultra wide-band antenna arrays to learn dielectric signatures of disease. Two deep neural networks (DNNs) were used for: (1) stroke detection ("classification network"), and (2) characterization of the hemorrhage location and size ("discrimination network"). Dielectric signatures were learned on a simulated cohort of 666 hemorrhagic stroke and control subjects using 2D stochastic head models. The classification network yielded a stratified K-fold stroke detection accuracy > 94% with an AUC of 0.996, while the discrimination network resulted in a mean squared error of < 0.004 cm and < 0.02 cm, for the stroke localization and size estimation, respectively. We report a novel approach to intelligent diagnostics using microwave wide-band scattering information thus circumventing conventional image-formation.
Long-term remissions in lymphoblastic lymphoma. (1983)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1983.1.9.515 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 6689427 Long-term remissions in lymphoblastic lymphoma. J R BertinoxJ R BertinoSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1983.1.9.515 PDF "Long-term remissions in lymphoblastic lymphoma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 1(9), p. 515© 1983 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
SpotOn (2015)

Cloud spot markets enable users to bid for compute resources, such that the cloud platform may revoke them if the market price rises too high. Due to their increased risk, revocable resources in the spot market are often significantly cheaper (by as much as 10×) than the equivalent non-revocable on-demand resources. One way to mitigate spot market risk is to use various fault-tolerance mechanisms, such as checkpointing or replication, to limit the work lost on revocation. However, the additional performance overhead and cost for a particular fault-tolerance mechanism is a complex function of both an application's resource usage and the magnitude and volatility of spot market prices.
Positive and Negative Roles of p85α and p85β Regulatory Subunits of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Insulin Signaling (2003)

Class IA phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase is composed of a p110 catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit and plays a pivotal role in insulin signaling. To explore the physiological roles of two major regulatory isoforms, p85 alpha and p85 beta, we have established brown adipose cell lines with disruption of the Pik3r1 or Pik3r2 gene. Pik3r1-/- (p85 alpha-/-) cells show a 70% reduction of p85 protein and a parallel reduction of p110. These cells have a 50% decrease in PI 3-kinase activity and a 30% decrease in Akt activity, leading to decreased insulin-induced glucose uptake and anti-apoptosis. Pik3r2-/- (p85 beta-/-) cells show a 25% reduction of p85 protein but normal levels of p85-p110 and PI 3-kinase activity, supporting the fact that p85 is more abundant than p110 in wild type. p85 beta-/- cells, however, exhibit significantly increased insulin-induced Akt activation, leading to increased anti-apoptosis. Reconstitution experiments suggest that the discrepancy between PI 3-kinase activity and Akt activity is at least in part due to the p85-dependent negative regulation of downstream signaling of PI 3-kinase. Indeed, both p85 alpha-/- cells and p85 beta-/- cells exhibit significantly increased insulin-induced glycogen synthase activation. p85 alpha-/- cells show decreased insulin-stimulated Jun N-terminal kinase activity, which is restored by expression of p85 alpha, p85 beta, or a p85 mutant that does not bind to p110, indicating the existence of p85-dependent, but PI 3-kinase-independent, signaling pathway. Furthermore, a reduction of p85 beta specifically increases insulin receptor substrate-2 phosphorylation. Thus, p85 alpha and p85 beta modulate PI 3-kinase-dependent signaling by multiple mechanisms and transmit signals independent of PI 3-kinase activation.
Unsupervised Learned Kalman Filtering (2022)

In this paper we adapt KalmanNet, which is a recently proposed deep neural network (DNN)-aided system whose architecture follows the operation of the model-based Kalman filter (KF), to learn its mapping in an unsupervised manner, i.e., without requiring ground-truth states. The unsupervised adaptation is achieved by exploiting the hybrid model-based/data-driven architecture of KalmanNet, which internally predicts the next observation as the KF does. These internal features are then used to compute the loss rather than the state estimate at the output of the system. With the capability of unsupervised learning, one can use KalmanNet not only to track the hidden state, but also to adapt to variations in the state space (SS) model. We numerically demonstrate that when the noise statistics are unknown, unsupervised KalmanNet achieves a similar performance to KalmanNet with supervised learning. We also show that we can adapt a pre-trained KalmanNet to changing SS models without providing additional data thanks to the unsupervised capabilities.
An Experimental Setup for Performance Analysis of an Online Adaptive Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme for Both In-Phase and Quadrature Branches (2011)

Spectrum sensing is one of the most essential characteristics of cognitive radios (CRs). Robustness and adaptation to varying wireless propagation scenarios without compromising the sensing accuracy are desirable features of any spectrum sensing method to be deployed in CR systems. In this study, an online adaptive cooperation technique for spectrum sensing is proposed in order to maintain the level of reliability and performance. Cooperation is achieved by sensors which employ energy detection. These sensors send their output to a center where data fusion operation is carried out in an online and adaptive manner. Adaptation is realized by the use of orthogonal projections onto convex sets (POCS). In conjunction with the proposed method, an end-to-end methodology for a flexible experimental setup is also proposed in this study. This setup is arranged to emulate the proposed adaptive cooperation scheme for spectrum sensing and validate its practical use in cognitive radio systems. Comparative performance results for both inphase and quadrature branches are presented.
Distribution of Diverse BGP Paths (2012)

The BGP4 protocol specifies the selection and propagation of a single
best path for each prefix. As defined and widely deployed today, BGP
has no mechanisms to distribute alternate paths that are not
considered best path between its speakers. This behavior results in a
number of disadvantages for new applications and services. The main
objective of this document is to observe that by simply adding a new
session between a route reflector and its client, the Nth best path
can be distributed. This document also compares existing solutions and
proposed ideas that enable distribution of more paths than just the
best path. This proposal does not specify any changes to the BGP
protocol definition. It does not require a software upgrade of
provider edge (PE) routers acting as route reflector clients. This
document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for informational purposes.
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery using the heartport technique (1999)

Background: Minimally invasive cardiac surgery has been developed in part as a result of progress in video-assisted and endovascular surgical techniques. Port-access cardiac surgery, which provides cardiopulmonary bypass, cardioplegic arrest, myocardial protection, and ventricular decompression, permits various procedures to be performed through smaller, less invasive incisions. Methods: Proper patient selection is emphasised in order to minimise potential complications with the port-access system. For port-access coronary revascularisation procedures, a limited left anterior thoracotomy allows harvesting of the internal mammary artery and access to the target coronary arteries. The ascending aorta can be exposed for placement of vein grafts. For port-access mitral valve surgery, a limited right thoracotomy provides direct visualisation of the left atrium and the mitral valve. Results: The feasibility and efficacy of port-access coronary revascularisation and mitral valve surgery have been demonstrated in experimental and clinical settings. Peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest has been reproducibly achieved based on indices of cardiac function. Port-access multivessel coronary revascularisation and port-access mitral valve procedures have been performed with acceptable results. Conclusions: The port-access catheter system effectively achieves peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic occlusion, cardioplegia delivery, and left ventricular decompression. Alternative, less invasive methods of coronary revascularisation and various intracardiac procedures can be performed without a conventional median sternotomy.
Search for a heavy pseudoscalar boson decaying to a Z and a Higgs boson at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V} $$ (2019)

A search is presented for a heavy pseudoscalar boson <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>A</mml:mtext></mml:math> decaying to a Z boson and a Higgs boson with mass of 125 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In the final state considered, the Higgs boson decays to a bottom quark and antiquark, and the Z boson decays either into a pair of electrons, muons, or neutrinos. The analysis is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:msup><mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Te</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The data are found to be consistent with the background expectations. Exclusion limits are set in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models in the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>A</mml:mtext></mml:math> boson mass range between 225 and 1000 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> .
Stability of a class of interconnected evolution systems (1992)

Stability conditions for a class of interconnected systems modeled by linear abstract evolution equations and a memoryless nonlinearity are derived. These conditions are stated in terms of the passivity of each of the subsystems and can be considered as a partial generalization of the hyperstability theorem. A Lyapunov function approach is used in the proof without requiring the positive definiteness of the Lyapunov function. Application to the robustness analysis of the infinite-dimensional linear quadratic regulator is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>