gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UniGene cDNA array-based monitoring of transcriptome changes during mouse placental development (2001)

The placenta is a highly specialized organ essential for embryonic growth and development. Here, we have applied cDNA subtraction between extraembryonic tissues of early- (day 7.5 of gestation) and late-stage embryos (day 17.5) to generate stage-specific cDNA pools that were used for screening of high-density mouse UniGene cDNA arrays containing 25,000 clones. A total of 638 clones were identified, 488 with the e7.5-specific probe and 150 with the e17.5-specific probe. Importantly, 363/638 (56.9%) of the hybridizing clones were not known to be expressed during placental development before. Differential regulation was confirmed by Northern blot and in situ hybridization for a total of 44/44 of positive clones. Thus, this combination of cDNA subtraction and array hybridization was highly successful for identification of genes expressed and regulated during placental development. These included growth factors and receptors, components of the transcriptional and translational machinery, cell cycle regulators, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal elements. The extensive in situ hybridization analysis revealed extraembryonic structures with a high density of differentially expressed genes, most strikingly the ectoplacental cone and the spongiotrophoblast. This large-scale identification of genes regulated during placentogenesis is extremely useful to further elucidate the molecular basis of extraembryonic development.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Direct Assay of Enzymes in Dried Blood Spots: Application to Newborn Screening for Krabbe Disease (2004)

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for newborn screening allows detection of abnormal or excess metabolites in dried blood spots (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Dried blood spots provide a source of active enzymes for the detection of Fabry (6), Hunter(7), Hurler (7), Pompe(8), Gaucher(9), Niemann–Pick (9), and Tay–Sachs(10) diseases. We investigated whether MS/MS can be used to directly assay enzymes in dried blood spots, in this case, galactocerebroside β-galactosidase (GALC; EC 3.2.1.46) for the detection of Krabbe disease. Development of a GALC assay is challenging because of the low GALC activity in cell lysates. It has been argued that a neonatal screening method for Krabbe disease is needed (11). This is the first report of an assay for Krabbe disease that uses dried blood spots and the first use of MS/MS for direct enzyme assay from newborn-screening cards.

The GALC assay uses commercially available reagents and is based on the reaction shown in Fig. 1⇓ and the use of electrospray ionization (ESI) MS/MS. GALC converts β-Gal-C8-Cer to C8-Cer. A known amount of substrate analog with two extra methylene groups, C10-Cer, is added as internal standard. After collision-induced dissociation, C8-Cer and C10-Cer give rise to the same fragment ion ( m/z 264.3); thus C8-Cer and C10-Cer are distinguished by the Q1 quadrupole. The indicated fragmentation pathway is the major process, allowing for high-sensitivity detection of C8-Cer and C10-Cer.

A simple, one-step, solid-phase extraction procedure was developed (see below) to remove the large amount of detergent before ESI-MS/MS. The product C8-Cer and internal standard C10-Cer have nearly identical ESI-MS/MS ionization efficiencies (see Fig. 1⇓ in the online Data Supplement that accompanies this …
P2–325: In VIVO labeling of amyloid β plaques in AD model mice using blood–brain barrier permeable styryl dyes (2006)

A method for visualization of amyloid plaques prior to clinical impairment will be very important for prophylactic treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggest positron emission tomography (PET) ligands can be used to directly image β–amyloid associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), using amyloid binding ligands. To develop blood–brain barrier permeable fluorescent amyloid ligands, which can be used for in vivo imaging of amyloid plaques, using 2–photon microscopy. These ligands with suitable radiolabels could be further developed into PET agents. We have synthesized a library of styryl dyes and evaluated them for their ability to bind Aβ fibrils in solution, their blood–brain barrier permeability and their ability to label amyloid plaques both in tissue sections and in vivo using AD model transgenic mice. Any potential toxicity of these compounds was assessed using an MTT assay on a human neuroblastoma cell line (SK–N–SH). We found two of these dyes (called NYUCA and B) to be highly effective at labeling amyloid plaques in tissue sections of AD patients and from AD model mice. We then used these dyes in Tg2576 APP mice, APP/PS1 mice and wild–type controls. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 20μg/gram of each compound. Mice were killed 24 hours later. Serial 40 mm sections of the brain were prepared and subject to fluorescent microscopy, Thioflavin S and Aβ immunostaining. In addition some mice were subject to in vivo transcranial two–photon microscopy imaging. Real–time observation of these compounds' brain entry and labeling of plaques was performed. These compounds did not show any toxicity in the vivo experiments or on the MTT assays using neuroblastoma cell lines. Our styryl dyes labeled amyloid plaques similar to both Thioflavin S staining and Aβ immuohistochemistry. No labeling was seen in control animals while in AD model mice specific labeling of all amyloid plaques was observed. No toxicity of these compounds was evident. Our compounds allow for the in vivo detection of amyloid plaques and potentially can be developed into suitable PET ligands for human use.
ChemInform Abstract: The Microstructure of Implanted and Rapid Thermal Annealed Semi‐Insulating Polycrystalline Oxygen‐Doped Silicon (1987)

Abstract containing 10 and 30 at.% oxygen has been determined by cross‐sectional TEM and SIMS.
New Alkaloids from Bongardia Chrysogonum (1998)

Abstract Two new alkaloids, 17-desoxy-cfs-lamprolobine (1) and bonzakaline (2), along with the known alkaloids lupanine (3) and palmatrubine (4), have been isolated from the ethanolic extracts of Bongardia chrysogonum. Compounds 1 and 2 have shown antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. the structure elucidation was performed by using various spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR techniques1,2.
Soluble alkyl substituted polygermanes: Thermochromic behavior (1987)

Abstract We have prepared a number of high molecular weight, soluble, symmetrical dialkyl substituted germanium homopolymers and germanium‐silicon copolymers. In solution, the absorption of the homopolymers was ∼ 20 nm red shifted from the crossponding silicon derivatives. This was somewhat unexpected based on theoretical predictions and has been rationalized on the basis of conformational arguments. In the solid state, samples of poly(di‐ n ‐hexylgermane) and poly(di‐ n ‐octylgermane) are strongly thermochromic. The effect is attributed to the conformational locking of the backbone which is caused by the crystallization of the side groups. In this regard, the germanium derivatives behave similarly to the corresponding silicon polymers, and the convergence of the long wavelength absorptions for both types of polymers is consistent with theoretical predictions. The germanium‐silicon copolymers are also strongly thermochromic, but the long wavelength absorption is somewhat blue shifted (8 nm) from the respective homopolymers. As expected, the new germanium homo and copolymers are quite sensitive to light and readily undergo chain scission to produce lower molecular weight materials.
Layered Motion Compensation for Moving Image Compression (2009)

Block-based motion compensation began with MPEG-1 and H.261 and has continued into MPEG-2, MPEG-4_part 2, MPEG-4_AVC_part 10, H.264, and SMPTE VC1. The general principle used by these conventional motion compensation systems is that there is one motion vector for a square or rectangular group of pixels. The group of pixels associated with the motion vector is generally referred as a “macroblock.” It is common in MPEG and other compression systems to use reduced resolution for Red-Y (U) and Blue-Y (V) compared to Y (luminance), where Y usually equals approximately .59Green + .29Red + .12Blue. Intra-coded frames and the motion-compensated-difference frames use a common quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT). The macroblock structure provides a common boundary for the Y, U, and V DCT-coded regions. The DCT size is usually 8 × 8 pixels, but may be anywhere from 4 × 4 up to 16 × 16 (e.g., in MPEG-4 AVC_part 10 and H.264). The nature of the DCT is that it is a self-contained regional transform that does not extend to any pixel outside its block (usually 8 × 8). In a sense, quantization errors in the DCT wrap from one edge to the other (i.e., left to right, and top to bottom) of the DCT block. Differing quantization errors in adjacent DCT blocks yield block edge discontinuities. Thus, because macroblock boundaries coincide with DCT block boundaries, they share a common edge. When a motion vector differs between adjacent macroblocks, the inherent edge discontinuity does not appear within the DCT block, but rather at its edge. The DCT block edge “wraps around” to see its opposite edges, so the DCT is quite tolerant of the edges inherent in macroblock-based motion compensation.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in the Brains of Military Personnel (2022)

Evidence of CTE was infrequently found in a series of brains from military personnel and was usually reflected by minimal neuropathologic changes. Risk ratios for CTE were numerically higher among decedents who had contact-sports exposure and other exposures to TBI in civilian life than among those who had blast exposure or other military TBI, but the small number of CTE cases and wide confidence intervals preclude causal conclusions. (Funded by the Department of Defense-Uniformed Services University Brain Tissue Repository and Neuropathology Program and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine.).
Optical Access Technology for B5G MFH/MBH (2019)

The paper overviews recent trends in mobile front/backhaul (MFH/MBH) toward Beyond-5G (B5G) era, covering functional split of base station functions, Radio-over-Fiber and related transmission schemes, and digital coherent transmission schemes.
Waveguides for Pulsed Terahertz Radiation (2012)

In this tutorial, we review basic ideas of waveguide physics, and discuss the state of the art in strategies for guiding broadband terahertz pulses. These include metallic, dielectric, and plasmonic waveguides.
Oxidative addition and reductive elimination reactions involving platinum metallacycles (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative addition and reductive elimination reactions involving platinum metallacyclesG. Brent Young and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 18, 5808–5815Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00486a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00486a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views403Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transient nanoplasmonics inside dielectrics (2007)

Intense ultrashort light pulses interacting inside dielectrics can create nanoplasmas due to localized inhomogeneous nonlinear ionization. These nanoplasmas are bound inside the dielectric and are transient as their density changes during the light pulse-from underdense to quasi-metallic plasma densities. Interaction of light at the transient plasma-dielectric interface can lead to local field enhancements, similar to that observed in the metal-dielectric interface, which control the growth of nanoplasmas. We discuss the differences in the interaction of light at these two interfaces and demonstrate that transient nanoplasmonics can imprint periodic nanostructures inside the dielectric.
Dissociating speech perception and comprehension at reduced levels of awareness (2007)

We used functional MRI and the anesthetic agent propofol to assess the relationship among neural responses to speech, successful comprehension, and conscious awareness. Volunteers were scanned while listening to sentences containing ambiguous words, matched sentences without ambiguous words, and signal-correlated noise (SCN). During three scanning sessions, participants were nonsedated (awake), lightly sedated (a slowed response to conversation), and deeply sedated (no conversational response, rousable by loud command). Bilateral temporal-lobe responses for sentences compared with signal-correlated noise were observed at all three levels of sedation, although prefrontal and premotor responses to speech were absent at the deepest level of sedation. Additional inferior frontal and posterior temporal responses to ambiguous sentences provide a neural correlate of semantic processes critical for comprehending sentences containing ambiguous words. However, this additional response was absent during light sedation, suggesting a marked impairment of sentence comprehension. A significant decline in postscan recognition memory for sentences also suggests that sedation impaired encoding of sentences into memory, with left inferior frontal and temporal lobe responses during light sedation predicting subsequent recognition memory. These findings suggest a graded degradation of cognitive function in response to sedation such that "higher-level" semantic and mnemonic processes can be impaired at relatively low levels of sedation, whereas perceptual processing of speech remains resilient even during deep sedation. These results have important implications for understanding the relationship between speech comprehension and awareness in the healthy brain in patients receiving sedation and in patients with disorders of consciousness.
Pharmacogenomics of HIV Therapy: Summary of a Workshop Sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (2011)

Approximately 1 million people in the United States and over 30 million worldwide are living with human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1). While mortality from untreated infection approaches 100%, survival improves markedly with use of contemporary antiretroviral therapies (ART). In the United States, 25 drugs are approved for treating HIV-1, and increasing numbers are available in resource-limited countries.Safe and effective ART is a cornerstone in the global struggle against the acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome. Variable responses to ART are due at least in part to human genetic variants that affect drug metabolism, drug disposition, and off-site drug targets. Defi ning effects of human genetic variants on HIV treatment toxicity,effi cacy, and pharmacokinetics has far-reaching implications. In 2010, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases sponsored a workshop entitled, Pharmacogenomics– A Path Towards Personalized HIV Care. This article summarizes workshop objectives, presentations, discussions, and recommendations derived from this meeting.
Sport Type Classification of Mobile Videos (2014)

The recent proliferation of mobile video content has emphasized the need for applications such as automatic organization and automatic editing of videos. These applications could greatly benefit from domain knowledge about the content. However, extracting semantic information from mobile videos is a challenging task, due to their unconstrained nature. We extract domain knowledge about sport events recorded by multiple users, by classifying the sport type into soccer, American football, basketball, tennis, ice-hockey, or volleyball. We adopt a multi-user and multimodal approach, where each user simultaneously captures audio-visual content and auxiliary sensor data (from magnetometers and accelerometers). Firstly, each modality is separately analyzed; then, analysis results are fused for obtaining the sport type. The auxiliary sensor data is used for extracting more discriminative spatio-temporal visual features and efficient camera motion features. The contribution of each modality to the fusion process is adapted according to the quality of the input data. We performed extensive experiments on data collected at public sport events, showing the merits of using different combinations of modalities and fusion methods. The results indicate that analyzing multimodal and multi-user data, coupled with adaptive fusion, improves classification accuracies in most tested cases, up to 95.45%.
360×360 mosaics (2002)

Current mosaicing methods use narrow field of view cameras to acquire image data. This poses problems when computing a complete spherical mosaic. First, a large number of images are needed to capture a sphere. Second, errors in mosaicing make it difficult to complete the spherical mosaic without seams. Third, with a hand-held camera it is hard for the user to ensure complete coverage of the sphere. This paper presents two approaches to spherical mosaicing. The first is to rotate a 360 degree camera about a single axis to capture a sequence of 360 degree strips. The unknown rotations between the strips are estimated and the strips are blended together to obtain a spherical mosaic. The second approach seeks to significantly enhance the resolution of the computed mosaic by capturing 360 degree slices rather than strips. A variety of slice cameras are proposed that map a thin 360 degree sheet of rays onto a large image area. This results in the capture of high resolution slices despite the use of a low resolution video camera. A slice camera is rotated using a motorized turntable to obtain regular as well as stereoscopic spherical mosaics.
Calculation of Flow in the Piston-Cylinder-Ring Crevices of a Homogeneous-Charge Engine and Comparison with Experiment (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A crevice-flow model that had been published in the literature was reconstructed and used to calculate flow in the crevices between the piston, the cylinder, and the rings in a homogeneous-charge engine. The code was then modified to run interactively with a more sophisticated ring-friction model developed previously for calculation of the film thickness of lubricating oil on the cylinder liner.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The accuracy of this crevice-flow model was evaluated with engine-blowby data taken from tests on a multicylinder engine. The data covered wide ranges of speed (1300-3200 r/min) and load (260-780 kPa IMEP). It was concluded from this evaluation that the calculated magnitude of the blowby can differ from the measurement by more than 50% for the worst case. The measured trends, however, were correctly replicated with variations in both speed and IMEP, except at the highest speed of 3200 r/min. At 3200 r/min, the normalized blowby value was incorrectly calculated to increase due to fluttering of the second ring during the compression and expansion strokes. Furthermore, the calculations showed less sensitivity to speed variation than the measurements. The discrepancies between the calculation and the data appeared to be due to uncertainty in both wall temperature and discharge coefficients of the flow passages between the rings, which the program required as inputs.&lt;/div&gt;
A 0.25 mm x86 microprocessor with a 100 MHz socket 7 interface (2002)

The AMD-KG 3D MMX enabled processor is an enhanced follow-on to the AMD-KG MMX enabled processor. It is implemented in a 0.25 mm 2.1 V CMOS process to achieve a higher frequency of operation and 80 sq. mm die size. The K6-3D unit implements 19 floating-point (FP) vector operations to enhance 3D graphics and audio performance.
Aortic dissection: atypical patterns seen at MR imaging. (1991)

Aortic dissection is typically manifested by an intimal flap separating true and false lumens. Atypical patterns lacking an intimal flap can occur, however, and are less well recognized. In this study, the authors review their experience with atypical patterns at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. They evaluated the T1-weighted and gradient-echo MR images of the entire aorta in 64 patients with aortic dissection. In nine patients (14%) aortic wall thickening was the only sign of dissection in the thorax. In three of these cases, an intimal flap was found in the abdominal aorta; the other six patients had no flap in any region of the aorta, and this led to false-negative angiographic results in three cases. Aortic wall thickening as an atypical sign of dissection was seen more frequently in acute (29%) than in chronic (7%) dissection and was seen in only patients without Marfan syndrome. Two patients with atypical acute dissection at initial examination developed a clearly identifiable intimal flap at follow-up. Aortic wall thickening may represent the only sign of aortic dissection. In some cases, imaging the entire aorta can enable recognition of dissection in atypical cases.
Creating Single Color Centers in Nanodiamonds with Ion Implantation (2023)

We report the first demonstration of single silicon vacancy center creation in 20 nm nanodiamonds using silicon ion implantation combined with thermal annealing. Room-temperature single photon emission with linewidth below 10 nm is observed.
A microfluidic membrane device to mimic critical components of the vascular microenvironment (2011)

Vascular function, homeostasis, and pathological development are regulated by the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. Endothelial function is influenced by the integrated effects of multiple factors, including hemodynamic conditions, soluble and insoluble biochemical signals, and interactions with other cell types. Here, we present a membrane microfluidic device that recapitulates key components of the vascular microenvironment, including hemodynamic shear stress, circulating cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and multiple interacting cells. The utility of the device was demonstrated by measuring monocyte adhesion to and transmigration through a porcine aortic endothelial cell monolayer. Endothelial cells grown in the membrane microchannels and subjected to 20 dynes∕cm(2) shear stress remained viable, attached, and confluent for several days. Consistent with the data from macroscale systems, 25 ng∕ml tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α significantly increased RAW264.7 monocyte adhesion. Preconditioning endothelial cells for 24 h under static or 20 dynes∕cm(2) shear stress conditions did not influence TNF-α-induced monocyte attachment. In contrast, simultaneous application of TNF-α and 20 dynes∕cm(2) shear stress caused increased monocyte adhesion compared with endothelial cells treated with TNF-α under static conditions. THP-1 monocytic cells migrated across an activated endothelium, with increased diapedesis in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the lower channel of the device. This microfluidic platform can be used to study complex cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions in environments that mimic those in native and tissue engineered blood vessels, and offers the potential for parallelization and increased throughput over conventional macroscale systems.