gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physics–Guided Neural Networks for Inversion–based Feedforward Control applied to Linear Motors (2021)

Ever–increasing throughput specifications in semiconductor manufacturing require operating high–precision mechatronics, such as linear motors, at higher accelerations. In turn this creates higher nonlinear parasitic forces that cannot be handled by conventional feedforward controllers. Motivated by this problem, in this paper we develop a general framework for inversion–based feedforward controller design using physics–guided neural networks (PGNNs). In contrast to black–box neural networks, the developed PGNNs embed prior physical knowledge in the input and hidden layers, which results in improved training convergence and learning of underlying physical laws. The PGNN inversion–based feedforward control framework is validated in simulation on an industrial linear motor, for which it achieves a mean absolute tracking error twenty times smaller than mass–acceleration feedforward.
Use of 3-Way Voting of Machine Learning Algorithms Improves Prediction Performance of the Efficacy of Antisense-Mediated Exon Skipping and Reduces the Computational Burden (2023)

Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated exon skipping has emerged as a powerful tool for examining the function of genes and exons in basic research, as well as gene therapy. Computational methods, such as eSkip-Finder, have been developed to predict the efficacy of ASOs via exon skipping using machine learning. However, these methods can be computationally demanding and the prediction accuracy of the tool is not yet optimal. In this study, we propose an approach to reduce computational burden and improve prediction performance by utilizing feature selection within machine learning algorithms and employing ensemble learning techniques. The method was evaluated using a dataset of genes with experimentally validated exon skipping events. The dataset was divided into training and testing sets to assess the accuracy of the algorithm. Our results demonstrate that using a 3-way voting approach with random forest, gradient boosting, and XGBoost can significantly reduce computation time to under ten seconds while improving prediction performance, as measured by R2 for both 2’-O-methyl nucleotides (2OMe) and phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs). Additionally, the feature importance ranking derived from our approach is in good agreement with previously published results. These findings suggest that this approach has the potential to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of predicting ASO efficacy via exon skipping, facilitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Modeling of Coupled Vertical and Longitudinal Dynamics of Bicycles for Brake and Suspension Control. (2019)

On vehicles there exists a close coupling between brake and suspension dynamics, making semi-active damper control a promising way for brake maneuver optimization, which has been widely researched in the automotive and motorcycle field. Experimental data of bicycle dynamics analyzed in this paper show substantial differences to classical vehicle dynamics. By first-principle control-oriented modeling and full vehicle nonlinear multibody simulation it is shown that this can be traced back to two phenomena: the dynamic rider response and fork bending. These are very general effects, but crucial for vehicle dynamics control on bicycles, one of the most widely used means of transportation.
Metabolomic Status of The Oral Cavity in Chronic Periodontitis (2019)

NMR-based metabolomics analysis is a potentially useful methodological approach for monitoring the pathological processes observed in the oral cavity in the course of periodontitis.
Quantitative MRI of Tumors (2013)

Nearly one in four deaths in the United States and Europe are due to cancer (American Cancer Society, 2009; Jemal et al., 2011). Despite the continued high death rate due to cancer, great advances made in the treatment of cancerCONTENTS9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 269 9.1.1 Cancer, Society, and Role of Imaging ......................................... 269 9.1.2 Biology of Tumors .......................................................................... 2709.2 MR 1H Relaxometry Characteristics of Tumors .................................... 271 9.3 Novel 1H Contrast Mechanisms for Imaging Tumors .......................... 2749.3.1 Diffusion ......................................................................................... 274 9.3.2 Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI .............................................. 286 9.3.3 Other Vascular Applications ........................................................ 2989.4 Non-1H Contrast Mechanisms for Imaging Tumors .............................300 9.4.1 31P Spectroscopy, 23Na Imaging, 13C and DynamicNuclear Polarization ......................................................................300 9.5 Morphometric Analysis ............................................................................302
Design and development of 35 % efficient and 1000X CPV module with sufficient optical alignment tolerance (2012)

Modules are an important part of the CPV system. By pursing, in our objective of a 35% efficiency module, we need to look forward a significant improvement in the state of the art of CPV modules since no commercial module is capable of achieving that efficiency. Achieving this efficiency will require high efficiency cells, progress in the optics lenses that are implemented in these modules, and also integration into module. Basic design of 35% CPV module is presented considering for practical and rapid industry application. The output is 385 W while its weight is only 18 kg. In spite of its high concentration ratio reaching 1,000 X, it acceptance angle is as high as 1.1 degree.
P.108: Organic Wrinkles as Optical Scattering Sources (2013)

Abstract Various external actions can cause the formation of patterns. In this work, we describe the spontaneous formation of wrinkles in an organic material system. The appearance of the fairly complex wrinkle structures is ascribed to the stress release during UV curing process of the liquid prepolymer solution. The wrinkle structures introduced here are demonstrated to have a light extraction function.
Multiple Scattering by NMR (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMultiple Scattering by NMRYuan Cheng and David G. CoryView Author Information Department of Nuclear Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology NW14-4111, 150 Albany Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 34, 7935–7936Publication Date (Web):August 14, 1999Publication History Received15 December 1998Revised2 June 1999Published online14 August 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9843324https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9843324rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views510Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Diffusion,Magnetic properties,Phase transitions,Quantum mechanics,Scattering Get e-Alerts
Transcriptional Response of SK-N-AS Cells to Methamidophos (2019)

Transcriptomics response of SK-N-AS cells to methamidophos (an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor) exposure was measured at 10 time points between 0.5 and 48 h. The data was analyzed using a combination of traditional statistical methods and novel machine learning algorithms for detecting anomalous behavior and infer causal relations between time profiles. We identified several processes that appeared to be upregulated in cells treated with methamidophos including: unfolded protein response, response to cAMP, calcium ion response, and cell-cell signaling. The data confirmed the expected consequence of acetylcholine buildup. In addition, transcripts with potentially key roles were identified and causal networks relating these transcripts were inferred using two different computational methods: Siamese convolutional networks and time warp causal inference. Two types of anomaly detection algorithms, one based on Autoencoders and the other one based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), were applied to narrow down the set of relevant transcripts.
Optimization of extinction from surface plasmon resonances of gold nanoparticles (2003)

We present a method to determine the total extinction of laser light due to excitations of the surface plasmon modes in gold nanoparticles, even for very large particle concentrations. The method uses the Mie theory efficiency parameter for single-particle scattering and absorption, a single-particle extinction parameter. We have previously shown that, by properly screening the scattered light, we can determine the extinction of laser light when the beam transverses as many as ten scattering mean free paths in a dense medium, i.e. in the presence of significant multiple scattering. We present the application of the method to the total extinction due mainly to the excitations of the surface plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles. Although the results obtained from measurements in this multiple-particle medium are explained in terms of the single-particle Mie extinction parameter, we find that the optimum particle size for maximum multiple-scattering extinction is smaller than that for the maximum single-particle extinction parameter predicted by the Mie theory.
Frontispiece: Synthesis of Onion‐Peel Nanodendritic Structures with Sequential Functional Phosphorus Diversity (2015)

Onion-peel dendritic structures Classical methods of dendrimer synthesis involve reiteration of a sequence of reactions leading to “uniform” dendrimers. More rare is the preparation of dendrimers constituted from different layers and for which specific reactions can be regioselectively performed inside the structure. In their Full Paper on page 6400 ff., J. P. Majoral et al. propose the design and synthesis of onion-peel dendritic structures for which each layer is different from the others, that form only water and nitrogen as by-products and incorporate up to seven different phosphorus units and the possibility to undergo regioselective reactions within the cascade structure as illustrated by the complexation of AuI.
NEEL LINES CONFIGURATIONS IN FERRIMAGNETIC GARNETS WITH ORTHORHOMBIC ANISOTROPY AND CANTED MAGNETIZATION (1985)

Recently, an elastic model, based on densities of infinitesimal dislocations, describing the strains and stresses arising from spatially limited implantations has been developped. After discussing the physical basis of the model, attention will be devoted to the expected magnetization distribution around a non-implanted cylinder. It will be shown that shear-stress components barely affect the magnetization distribution which is mainly governed by the relative magnitudes of the stress components normal to the layer and perpendicular to the implantation boundary. Stress and strain profiles from Neon and Hydrogen implantations will be compared, allowing for a discussion of previous estimates of charged wall morphology.
Leveraging Coding Techniques for Speeding up Distributed Computing (2018)

Large scale clusters leveraging distributed computing frameworks such as MapReduce routinely process data that are on the orders of petabytes or more. The sheer size of the data precludes the processing of the data on a single computer. The philosophy in these methods is to partition the overall job into smaller tasks that are executed on different servers; this is called the map phase. This is followed by a data shuffling phase where appropriate data is exchanged between the servers. The final so-called reduce phase, completes the computation.\nOne potential approach, explored in prior work for reducing the overall execution time is to operate on a natural tradeoff between computation and communication. Specifically, the idea is to run redundant copies of map tasks that are placed on judiciously chosen servers. The shuffle phase exploits the location of the nodes and utilizes coded transmission. The main drawback of this approach is that it requires the original job to be split into a number of map tasks that grows exponentially in the system parameters. This is problematic, as we demonstrate that splitting jobs too finely can in fact adversely affect the overall execution time. In this work we show that one can simultaneously obtain low communication loads while ensuring that jobs do not need to be split too finely. Our approach uncovers a deep relationship between this problem and a class of combinatorial structures called resolvable designs. Appropriate interpretation of resolvable designs can allow for the development of coded distributed computing schemes where the splitting levels are exponentially lower than prior work. We present experimental results obtained on Amazon EC2 clusters for a widely known distributed algorithm, namely TeraSort. We obtain over 4.69× improvement in speedup over the baseline approach and more than 2.6× over current state of the art.
The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a multinational randomized trial (2022)

The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure, but whether empagliflozin also improves clinical outcomes when initiated in patients who are hospitalized for acute heart failure is unknown. In this double-blind trial (EMPULSE; NCT04157751 ), 530 patients with a primary diagnosis of acute de novo or decompensated chronic heart failure regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin 10 mg once daily or placebo. Patients were randomized in-hospital when clinically stable (median time from hospital admission to randomization, 3 days) and were treated for up to 90 days. The primary outcome of the trial was clinical benefit, defined as a hierarchical composite of death from any cause, number of heart failure events and time to first heart failure event, or a 5 point or greater difference in change from baseline in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Total Symptom Score at 90 days, as assessed using a win ratio. More patients treated with empagliflozin had clinical benefit compared with placebo (stratified win ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.68; P = 0.0054), meeting the primary endpoint. Clinical benefit was observed for both acute de novo and decompensated chronic heart failure and was observed regardless of ejection fraction or the presence or absence of diabetes. Empagliflozin was well tolerated; serious adverse events were reported in 32.3% and 43.6% of the empagliflozin- and placebo-treated patients, respectively. These findings indicate that initiation of empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure is well tolerated and results in significant clinical benefit in the 90 days after starting treatment.
Quantitative 2D maps of optical properties reconstruction: pre-clinical results on rats (2017)

We present the Dual-Step system and method we developed to achieve 2D quantitative maps of optical properties. It is non-contact, quantitative for both absorption and scattering, large field, and spectrally resolved. The present study shows the results obtained on rats and figures the interest of the approach to address complex in-vivo samples.
Prognostic value of the Geneva prediction rule in patients in whom pulmonary embolism is ruled out (2010)

Initial assessment of clinical probability may help to stratify prognosis of patients in whom PE has been ruled out. Patients with a low probability of PE have a good prognosis. Whether patients with higher probability might benefit from more vigilant care should be evaluated.
Cisplatin in combination with Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC), a potential new therapeutic strategy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (2014)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a very aggressive form of cancer with a poor diagnosis and prognosis. The first line treatment for MPM is a combination of cisplatin and Pemetrexed, which displayed limited efficacy and severe side effects. The naturally occurring compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) previously showed interesting anti-tumor properties on several cancer cell lines. We thus aim at evaluating PEITC used alone or in combination with cisplatin in order to improve MPM treatment. Nine MPM cell lines and primary mesothelial cells (PMC), co-cultured or not with M2 macrophages present in MPM microenvironment, were used to assess PEITC and cisplatin anti-tumor properties. Compounds were used alone or in combination. Both PEITC and cisplatin were cytotoxic on MPM cells in a dose dependent manner. We herein showed that PEITC-induced cytotoxicity was due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, we showed that cisplatin-PEITC combination allowed the potentialization of both compounds' cytotoxic effects and prevented the emergence of resistant MPM cells. Interestingly, PMC were not sensitive to the combination. Finally, we showed that M2 macrophages did not alter the anti-tumor properties of the combination. Cisplatin-PEITC combination thus represents a promising strategy to induce a selective toxicity towards malignant cells.
The mechanical robustness of atomic-layer- and molecular-layer-deposited coatings on polymer substrates (2009)

The mechanical robustness of atomic layer deposited alumina and recently developed molecular layer deposited aluminum alkoxide (“alucone”) films, as well as laminated composite films composed of both materials, was characterized using mechanical tensile tests along with a recently developed fluorescent tag to visualize channel cracks in the transparent films. All coatings were deposited on polyethylene naphthalate substrates and demonstrated a similar evolution of damage morphology according to applied strain, including channel crack initiation, crack propagation at the critical strain, crack densification up to saturation, and transverse crack formation associated with buckling and delamination. From measurements of crack density versus applied tensile strain coupled with a fracture mechanics model, the mode I fracture toughness of alumina and alucone films was determined to be KIC=1.89±0.10 and 0.17±0.02 MPa m0.5, respectively. From measurements of the saturated crack density, the critical interfacial shear stress was estimated to be τc=39.5±8.3 and 66.6±6.1 MPa, respectively. The toughness of nanometer-scale alumina was comparable to that of alumina thin films grown using other techniques, whereas alucone was quite brittle. The use of alucone as a spacer layer between alumina films was not found to increase the critical strain at fracture for the composite films. This performance is attributed to the low toughness of alucone. The experimental results were supported by companion simulations using fracture mechanics formalism for multilayer films. To aid future development, the modeling method was used to study the increase in the toughness and elastic modulus of the spacer layer required to render improved critical strain at fracture. These results may be applied to a broad variety of multilayer material systems composed of ceramic and spacer layers to yield robust coatings for use in chemical barrier and other applications.
Influence of Malpositioned Transvenous Leads on Defibrillation Efficacy With and Without a Subcutaneous Array Electrode (1995)

Some patients cannot receive a transvenous lead system because of high defibrillation thresholds (DFTs). We hypothesized that a right ventricular (RV) catheter electrode not extending as far as possible into the RV apex could cause high DFTs. Recently, a subcutaneous array (SQA) electrode has been shown to lower DFTs substantially. We compared the influence of a malpositioned RV catheter electrode on defibrillation efficacy for endocardial lead systems with and without a SQA. In eight anesthetized pigs, defibrillation catheters were placed in the RV apex and near the junction of the superior vena cava (SVC) and right atrium. SQA, formed by three elements, each 20 cm in length, was placed in the left thorax. DFTs were determined for a biphasic waveform using an up/down protocol with the RV catheter at the apex and with it repositioned 1-cm and 2-cm proximal to the apex. The mean DFT energies for the configurations with a SQA were less than those without a SQA for every catheter position. The placement of the RV catheter away from the apex caused an increase in defibrillation energy for the configurations without a SQA (apex: 17.1 +/- 3.8 J [mean +/- SD]; 1 cm: 20.1 +/- 4.6 J; 2 cm: 27.6 +/- 9.5 J; P < 0.05), but not for the configurations with a SQA (apex: 12.2 +/- 2.2 J; 1 cm: 12.3 +/- 2.9 J; 2 cm: 12.1 +/- 0.9 J: P = NS). These results suggest that a malpositioned RV catheter electrode, at the time of implantation or by late dislodgment, significantly elevates DFTs for a total endocardial system but not for a system that includes a SQA.
Detection of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale in onychomycosis using monoclonal antibodies against Sub6 (Tri r 2) (2018)

Anti-Sub6 monoclonal antibodies could be useful for a rapid diagnosis of tinea unguium and/or therapeutic survey of dermatophyte in onychomycosis by ELISA or an immunochromatography device such as a strip test.
Immunization with subunit human immunodeficiency virus vaccine generates stronger T helper cell immunity than natural infection (1991)

Healthy, human immunodeficiency virus seronegative (HIV-) volunteers were multiply immunized with a recombinant gp160 (rgp160) candidate acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from volunteers immunized with 40 micrograms or with 80 micrograms (two volunteers per group) of rgp160, as well as from control donors, were tested for T helper (Th) cell function either prior to immunization, 8 to 12 months after the third immunization, or 2 to 5 months after the fourth immunization. The Th cell functional tests included antigen-induced in vitro interleukin 2 (IL 2) production and proliferation in response to influenza A virus (FLU) and to four synthetic peptides of HIV gp120 and gp160, previously demonstrated to be recognized by T cells from HIV naturally infected patients. Our results demonstrate the following: (a) immunization of HIV- individuals with rgp160 results in IL 2 production and T cell proliferation in response to HIV determinants; (b) boosting with rgp160 enhances Th function; (c) HIV-specific Th function is up to 100-fold greater in the multiply immunized volunteers than that observed in asymptomatic, HIV-infected individuals; and (d) multiple immunization with rgp160 does not impair Th function to a non-HIV antigen such as influenza A virus. These results indicate that immunization of uninfected individuals with an HIV subunit vaccine results in much stronger Th cell immunity than does natural infection and suggests that vaccination against HIV may be possible.