gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color Clipping and Over-exposure Correction (2015)

Limitations of the camera or extreme contrast in scenes can lead to clipped areas in captured images. Irrespective of the cause, color clipping and over-exposure lead to loss of texture and detail, impacting the color appearance and visual quality of the image. We propose a new over-exposure and clipping correction method, which relies on the existing correlation between RGB channels of color images to recover clipped information. Using a novel region grouping approach, clipped regions are coherently treated both spatially and temporally. To reconstruct over-exposed areas where all channels are clipped we employ a brightness profile reshaping scheme, which aims to preserve the appearance of highlights, while boosting local brightness. Our method is evaluated using objective metrics as well as a subjective study based on an ITU standardized protocol, showing that our correction leads to improved results compared to previous related techniques. We explore several potential applications of our method, including extending to video as well as using it as a preprocessing step prior to inverse tone mapping.
Partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI): a device design/modeling and circuit perspective (2002)

This paper reviews the evolution of partially depleted (PD) CMOS SOI technology at IBM. Several aspects of this development leading to successful fabrication of high-performance microprocessors are discussed. They include SOI-specific device design and process modifications; creation of compact device models for circuit simulation (SPICE-like models); and development of circuit styles and strategies employed in the design of CMOS VLSI on PD SOI. Since these strategies address issues and problems that arise on PD SOI circuits such as delay hysteresis and noise margin reduction, they are discussed in detail. Although many aspects of CMOS design pertaining to SOI are covered, emphasis is placed on dynamic and static circuits and high-performance SRAMs.
Metal Nanoparticle Plasmon-Enhanced Light-Harvesting in a Photosystem I Thin Film (2011)

Silver metal nanoparticle (NP) enhanced fluorescence is investigated in thin films of cyanobacterial Photosystem I trimer complexes (PSI) by correlating confocal laser scanning microscopy, dark-field imaging, and fluorescence lifetime measurements. PSI represents an interesting light-harvesting complex with a 20 nm diameter that is not uniformly contained within the surface-localized plasmon field of the NPs. With weak far-field illumination, 5- to 20-fold fluorescence enhancement is observed for PSI complexes adjacent to NPs, arising from efficient nanoparticle light collection and subsequent localized, surface plasmon excitation of PSI. Enhanced PSI fluorescence is detected most prominently near "rafts" of aggregated NPs that more completely fill the confocal field of view. These results demonstrate opportunities to probe energy transfer within photosynthetic complexes using plasmonic excitation and to design nanostructures for optimizing artificial light-harvesting systems.
Photolithography for Minimal Fab System (2013)

Minimal Fab System Photolithography has been developed for wafer patterning process without the requirement of a cleanroom. It consists of minimal resist coater, minimal maskless UV exposure, minimal mask aligner and minimal resist developer. We have proved in practice that the spin coating using minimal resist coater for a 0.5-inch wafer gives the identical result of resist thickness compared with 4-inch wafers without changes to a higher rotational speed. The minimal maskless UV exposure using Digital Light Processing (DLP) confirms that only one LED light source with the light intensity of 150 mW/cm2 can expose over a 0.5-inch wafer in a few minutes. The minimal mask aligner is developed for a high speed exposure within 5-20 seconds. The aligner also uses a LED light source that can produce the light intensity of 14 mW/cm2. The present photoresist resolution for the maskless UV exposure and the mask aligner are 1 µm and 2 µm, respectively. The minimal developer has minimized its consumption of developing agents. Due to the surface tension, a volume of developing agent is kept on the wafer surface for slowly spinning to stimulate the developing process. The developing time is 20% saved from that of the conventional puddle development.
Fully biodegradable septal defect occluder—A double umbrella design (2010)

Current percutaneous devices for septal defect treatment are made of nondegradable metallic and synthetic fabric materials. These devices are not ideal due to risks of future complications from device erosions and potential obstructed access for future transseptal procedures. The biodegradable double umbrella device was made of fully biodegradable polymers, featured with two discs connected with a stretchable stem. The devices were inserted across the PFO model created on Yorkshire swines through a short sheath by open thoracotomy. Fluoroscopic imaging and echocardiography obtained during the 1-month follow-up study period showed that the devices were in stable position with no shunt. The in-vitro degradation study and post-mortem explantation confirmed that the devices have good integrity and mechanical strength during the 1-month trial. Furthermore, the devices appeared to be well endothelialized after 1 month. These results showed clearly that it is feasible to replace the current nondegradable devices with the new generation biodegradable PFO occluders. This work studied and proved the feasibility of interventional closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with a fully biodegradable device, that we call the "double umbrella" (DU) for its symbolic design. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A YANG Data Model for Transport Network Client Signals (2019)

A transport network is a server-layer network to provide connectivity
services to its client. The topology and tunnel information in the
transport layer has already been defined by generic Traffic-
engineered models and technology-specific models (e.g., OTN, WSON).
However, how the client signals are accessing to the network has not
been described. These information is necessary to both client and
provider. This draft describes how the client signals are carried
over transport network and defines YANG data models which are required
during configuration procedure. More specifically, several client
signal (of transport network) models including ETH, STM-n, FC and so
on, are defined in this draft.
Inositol monophosphate phosphatase genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2010)

We have shown that neither impA, suhB nor cysQ is solely responsible for inositol synthesis. In contrast, we show that impC is essential for mycobacterial growth under the conditions we used, and suggest it may be required in the early stages of mycothiol synthesis.
Extensive sequencing of seven human genomes to characterize benchmark reference materials (2015)

Abstract The Genome in a Bottle Consortium, hosted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is creating reference materials and data for human genome sequencing, as well as methods for genome comparison and benchmarking. Here, we describe a large, diverse set of sequencing data for seven human genomes; five are current or candidate NIST Reference Materials. The pilot genome, NA12878, has been released as NIST RM 8398. We also describe data from two Personal Genome Project trios, one of Ashkenazim Jewish ancestry and one of Chinese ancestry. The data come from 12 technologies: BioNano Genomics, Complete Genomics paired-end and LFR, Ion Proton exome, Oxford Nanopore, Pacific Biosciences, SOLiD, 10X Genomics GemCode™ WGS, and Illumina exome and WGS paired-end, mate-pair, and synthetic long reads. Cell lines, DNA, and data from these individuals are publicly available. Therefore, we expect these data to be useful for revealing novel information about the human genome and improving sequencing technologies, SNP, indel, and structural variant calling, and de novo assembly.
Noninvasive Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Mice by Pneumotonometry (2005)

Pneumotonometry is a reliable and noninvasive method for the measurement of IOP in mice and may permit comparisons of IOP to hemodynamic factors. This system is simpler and more adaptable for glaucoma research than previously reported methodologies for measuring IOP in mice.
Nanoporous hierarchical carbon structures derived from fungal basidiocarps for high performance supercapacitors (2019)

Abstract This article presents the first report on systematic synthesis and evaluation of activated carbons from the cap and stalk of two diverse mushroom species namely, Ganoderma lucidum ( GL ) and Calocybe indica ( CI ) belonging to different classes white rot and brown rot respectively. A novel microwave induced H 3 PO 4 activation followed by carbonization and KOH activation enabled the formation of activated carbon with hierarchical structures. The activated carbons from cap and the stalk of the mushrooms are different in terms of specific surface area, pore volume, and their electrochemical behavior. Specific surface area and pore volume from GL‐cap is as high as 2432.4 m 2 /g and 0.54 CC/g, respectively. After optimization, the activated carbons have high graphitic content, good thermal stability and show specific capacitance as high as 271.94 F/g, energy and power densities of 13.59 Wh/kg and 127.31 W/kg, respectively. All the carbons show good capacitance retention up to 10 000 cycles. The surface area and specific capacitance in the mushroom stalks are lower than the ones made from the caps and the highest surface area and specific capacitance are 1576.2 m 2 /g and 137.2 F/g respectively for GL‐stalk.
Electronic spectra and photochemistry of complexes containing quadruple metal-metal bonds (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic spectra and photochemistry of complexes containing quadruple metal-metal bondsWilliam C. Trogler and Harry B. GrayCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 6, 232–239Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50126a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50126a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views745Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low Levels of X-Inactive Specific Transcript in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos Derived from Female Bovine Freemartin Donor Cells (2011)

The present study compared developmental potential, telomerase activity and transcript levels of X-linked genes (HPRT, MECP2, RPS4X, SLC25A6, XIAP, XIST and ZFX) in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos reconstructed with cells derived from a freemartin (female with a male co-twin) or from normal female cattle (control). The rates of cleavage, development to blastocyst and hatched blastocyst stage, and the mean numbers of total and inner cell mass cells in the freemartin SCNT embryos were not significantly different from those of control SCNT embryos (p > 0.05). The levels of telomerase activity analyzed by RQ-TRAP in the freemartin SCNT embryos were also similar to those of the normal SCNT embryos. Transcript levels of HPRT, MECP2, RPS4X and XIAP, measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, were not significantly different between the control and freemartin SCNT embryos (p > 0.05). However, the transcript levels of SLC25A6, XIST and ZFX were significantly decreased in the freemartin SCNT embryos compared to control SCNT embryos (p < 0.05). Transfer of 71 freemartin SCNT embryos to 22 recipient cows resulted in 4 (18%) pregnancies, which were lost between days 28 and 90 of gestation. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the transcript levels of several X-linked genes, especially XIST, showed an aberrant pattern in the freemartin SCNT embryos, suggesting aberrant X inactivation in freemartin clones which may affect embryo survival.
Data from Genomic Alterations in <i>PIK3CA</i>-Mutated Breast Cancer Result in mTORC1 Activation and Limit the Sensitivity to PI3Kα Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;PI3Kα inhibitors have shown clinical activity in PIK3CA-mutated estrogen receptor-positive (ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) patients with breast cancer. Using whole genome CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNA knockout screens, we identified and validated several negative regulators of mTORC1 whose loss confers resistance to PI3Kα inhibition. Among the top candidates were TSC1, TSC2, TBC1D7, AKT1S1, STK11, MARK2, PDE7A, DEPDC5, NPRL2, NPRL3, C12orf66, SZT2, and ITFG2. Loss of these genes invariably results in sustained mTOR signaling under pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K–AKT pathway. Moreover, resistance could be prevented or overcome by mTOR inhibition, confirming the causative role of sustained mTOR activity in limiting the sensitivity to PI3Kα inhibition. Cumulatively, genomic alterations affecting these genes are identified in about 15% of &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt;-mutated breast tumors and appear to be mutually exclusive. This study improves our understanding of the role of mTOR signaling restoration in leading to resistance to PI3Kα inhibition and proposes therapeutic strategies to prevent or revert this resistance.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings show that genetic lesions of multiple negative regulators of mTORC1 could limit the efficacy of PI3Kα inhibitors in breast cancer, which may guide patient selection strategies for future clinical trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Table S5 from TRK Fusions Are Enriched in Cancers with Uncommon Histologies and the Absence of Canonical Driver Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 5. Recurrence-Free, Progression-Free, and Overall Survival Estimates.&lt;/p&gt;
The interaction between neurocognitive functioning, subthreshold psychotic symptoms and pharmacotherapy in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A longitudinal comparative study (2018)

Our results highlight the time-dependent interplay among positive and negative SPS symptoms, neurocognition and pharmacotherapy in the prediction of the evolution of psychosis in 22q11DS.
Comparative Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Si and SiC PV Converter Systems Based on Advanced $\eta$- $\rho$-$\sigma$ Multiobjective Optimization Techniques (2016)

This paper presents a novel virtual prototyping routine for power electronic converter systems. The approach facilitates a comprehensive and systematic benchmarking of different converter concepts based on a multiobjective optimization regarding the efficiency, power density, and costs. The underlying modeling framework is based on detailed and experimentally verified models. In particular, novel cost data as well as unpublished switching loss and core loss measurements are incorporated. The proposed virtual prototyping routine is employed to carry out a comparative study of the potential of Si and SiC semiconductors in a 10-kW residential three-phase photovoltaic inverter application. For this purpose, a state-of-the-art hard-switched three-level Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) system is compared to a hard-switched and to a soft-switched two-level SiC MOSFET system. The candidate systems for each concept are selected among the η-ρ-σ Pareto-optimized designs based on the life cycle costs. The hard-switched two-level SiC candidate system is found to be the most attractive solution featuring the lowest life cycle costs. When compared to the Si-based candidate system, not only a better power density and efficiency result. At the same time, besides the lower life cycle costs (-22%), lower component costs (-5%) can also be attained. The attractiveness of the found SiC solution is underlined by the simple control and the lowest component count among all concepts.
MIMO Beamforming (2009)

Transmit beamforming improves the performance of multiple-input multiple-output antenna system (MIMO) by exploiting channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Numerous MIMO beamforming schemes are proposed in open literature and standard bodies such as 3GPP, IEEE 802.11n and 802.16d/e. This chapter describes the underlying principle, evolving techniques, and corresponding industrial applications of MIMO beamforming. The main limiting factor is the cumbersome overhead to acquire CSI at the transmitter. The solutions are categorized into FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex) approaches. For all FDD channels and radio calibration absent TDD channels, channel reciprocity is not available and explicit feedback is required. Codebook-based feedback techniques with various quantization complexities and feedback overheads are depicted in this chapter. Furthermore, we discuss transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) radio chain calibration and channel sounding techniques for TDD channels, and show how to achieve channel reciprocity by overcoming the Tx/Rx asymmetry of the RF components
Highly efficient InGaN based LED with pre-roughening backside of GaN substrate (2020)

This work proposes that roughening on the backside of a GaN substrate prior to InGaN-based LED growth not only simplifies fabrication steps for the LED but also cleans the other side of the substrate that was served as the surface growth for the LED. As compared to post-roughening, forward voltage of the LED has reduced at 3.48 V through the pre-roughening. Further, the peak external quantum efficiency of the LED on the pre-roughened substrate is 21.6% at 12mA/cm2, while the LED on the post-roughened GaN substrate is 20.6% at14mA/cm2.
A Novel Miniature Broadband/Multiband Antenna Based on an End-Loaded Planar Open-Sleeve Dipole (2006)

Open-sleeve dipoles are versatile antennas primarily because they have several design parameters that can be varied to achieve a wide range of VSWR performance and operating bandwidth. By properly adjusting their parameters, it is possible to create versions of these antennas that have either a broadband or a dual-band response. In this paper, a new variation of the conventional open-sleeve dipole antenna is introduced, which we call an end-loaded planar open-sleeve dipole (ELPOSD). This configuration provides a degree of miniaturization while retaining a comparable bandwidth in terms of the VSWR response to that of conventional open-sleeve dipoles. Several designs are presented for the conventional and end-loaded configurations that demonstrate the VSWR and miniaturization capabilities of this class of antennas. Measured results have been compared with simulations and found to be in good agreement for an end-loaded planar open-sleeve monopole
Investigating Oxygen Surface Exchange Kinetics of La[sub 0.8]Sr[sub .20]MnO[sub 3-δ] and La[sub 0.6]Sr[sub 0.4]Co[sub 0.2]Fe[sub 0.8]O[sub 3-δ] Using an Isotopic Tracer (2008)

An in situ method of investigating the kinetics and mechanisms of oxygen surface exchange on (LSM) and (LSCF) was developed by combining temperature programmed desorption, reaction, and isothermal switching with an isotopic tracer, . The gas exchange behavior is separated into surface- and bulk-originated oxygen and compared to behavior predicted by chemical kinetics. A two-step mechanism is proposed consisting of dissociative adsorption of oxygen onto the surface followed by adsorbed oxygen incorporation into the material; different dependences are obtained depending on which step is rate limiting. The rate-limiting step in LSCF is dissociative adsorption, whereas LSM is mostly incorporation limited at and becomes more dissociative adsorption limited at . The change in mechanism may be due to a phase transition and/or formation of oxygen vacancies. Overall, LSM is less catalytically active toward oxygen exchange than LSCF, with exchange onset occurring at in LSM and in LSCF. Above , the activation energy for oxygen exchange in LSM and LSCF was found to be 0.90 and , respectively.
Visible Sensing of Nucleic Acid Sequences with a Genetically Encodable Unmodified RNA Probe (2006)

Sensing DNA with RNA: Simple and sensitive DNA sensing was achieved by using an RNA probe which is composed of a molecular-beacon-like cis-repressing sequence and a gene for the reporter protein. The RNase H activity coupled molecular-beacon–mRNA system enabled visible sensing of the target nucleotide sequence in a cell-free translation solution (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503836_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Detailed Study of Copper Oxide ALD on SiO2, TaN, and Ru (2009)

Copper films with a thickness in the nanometer range are required as seed layers for the electrochemical Cu deposition to form multilevel interconnects in ultralarge-scale integrated (ULSI) electronic devices. Continuously shrinking device dimensions and increasing aspect ratios of the dual-damascene structures in the copper-based metallization schemes put ever more stringent requirements on the films with respect to their conformality in nanostructures and thickness homogeneity across large wafers. Due to its intrinsic self-limiting film growth characteristic, atomic layer deposition (ALD) appears appropriate for homogeneously coating complex substrates and to replace conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods beyond the 32 nm technology node. To overcome issues of direct Cu ALD, such as film agglomeration at higher temperatures or reduced step coverage in plasma-based processes, an ALD copper oxide film may be grown under mild processing conditions, while a subsequent reduction step converts it to metallic copper. In this poster, which was presented at the AVS 9th International Conference on Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD 2009), held in Monterey, California from 19 to 22 July 2009, we report detailed film growth studies of ALD copper oxide in the self-limiting regime on SiO2, TaN and Ru. Applications in subsequent electrochemical deposition processes are discussed, comparing Cu plating results on as-deposited PVD Ru as well as with PVD and reduced ALD Cu seed layer.
WHICH TREATMENT IS THE BEST WAY FOR OBESE HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH HYPERURICEMIA? (2004)

Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (Mikami) (Ogihara) Sepulveda VA Medical Center, and UCLA School of Medicine (Tuck) Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (Masuo)