gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenylhydrazine as a partial model for β‐thalassaemia red blood cell hemodynamic properties (2008)

beta-Thalassaemia is a congenital haemoglobinopathy, associated with red blood cells (RBC) anomalies, leading to impairment of their flow-affecting properties, namely, RBC deformability, self-aggregability, and adherence to endothelial cells (EC). Treatment of normal RBC with phenylhydrazine (PHZ) causes selective association of oxidized alpha-globin chains with the membrane skeleton, leading to reduced RBC deformability, characteristic of beta-thalassaemia. PHZ has thus been used to mimic phenotypes of beta-thalassaemia RBC. The present study was undertaken to further elucidate the suitability of PHZ-treated RBC as a model for beta-thalassemic RBC, by comparing the aggregability and adhesiveness of PHZ-treated RBC to those of RBC from thalassaemia intermedia (TI) patients, using image analysis of RBC under flow. In addition, the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), a mediator of RBC/EC interaction, was determined. It was found that PHZ caused enhanced RBC adhesiveness to extracellular matrix, similar to TI-RBC. Furthermore, in both conditions, the enhanced adhesiveness was mediated by PS translocated to the RBC surface. In contrast, PHZ treatment completely abolished RBC aggregability, while TI-RBC aggregability was slightly elevated. It is proposed that PHZ-treated RBC resemble beta-thalassaemia RBC in their deformability and adhesiveness, but not in their aggregability, and thus can be used as a limited model for beta-thalassaemia RBC phenotypes.
Early administration of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma with high titer antibody content by live viral neutralization assay is associated with modest clinical efficacy (2022)

The efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) as a treatment for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 remains somewhat controversial; however, many studies have not evaluated CCP documented to have high neutralizing antibody titer by a highly accurate assay. To evaluate the correlation of the administration of CCP with titer determined by a live viral neutralization assay with 7- and 28-day death rates during hospitalization, a total of 23 118 patients receiving a single unit of CCP were stratified into two groups: those receiving high titer CCP (>250 50% inhibitory dilution, ID50; n = 13 636) or low titer CCP (≤250 ID50; n = 9482). Multivariable Cox regression was performed to assess risk factors. Non-intubated patients who were transfused with high titer CCP showed 1.1% and 1.7% absolute reductions in overall 7- and 28-day death rates, respectively, compared to those non-intubated patients receiving low titer CCP. No benefit of CCP was observed in intubated patients. The relative benefit of high titer CCP was confirmed in multivariable Cox regression. Administration of CCP with high titer antibody content determined by live viral neutralization assay to non-intubated patients is associated with modest clinical efficacy. Although shown to be only of modest clinical benefit, CCP may play a role in the future should viral variants develop that are not neutralized by other available therapeutics.
A practical platform for integrated optics with nitrides and oxides (2015)

Recent advances in alternative nanophotonic materials, specifically CMOS-compatible materials, have propelled a unique class of integrated optical devices to achieve high performance including low-loss plasmonic waveguides, ultra-compact electro-absorption modulators, and THz speed all-optical switches.
Studying Synaptic Transmission at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction Using Advanced FM 1-43 Technology (2012)

Neurons communicate at synapses by releasing neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles, and this communication underlies information transfer in neuronal circuits. While classic methodologies including electrophysiology and electron microscopy are still extensively used in molecular synaptic transmission research, advanced imaging tools have taken a center stage. In this chapter, we review techniques to study presynaptic function and describe two advanced protocols that make use of the membrane binding dye FM 1-43, enabling to probe deep into the mechanisms of synaptic vesicle function and dynamics at the Drosophila third instar larval neuromuscular junction.
Ultrasound-enhanced latex immunoassay of pathogens in water (2008)

Real-time knowledge of contaminants in water is an essential component of any potable water security system. Latex immunoassay is the basic technique in rapid identification of pathogens. We used acoustic radiation to accelerate the latex immunoassay and to bring about separation between free and bound antigen (rotavirus SA-11) in less than one minute. The ultrasonic cylindrical standing-wave device of NDT Instruments, UltraAssay 101, creates areas of maximum and minimum potential energy (nodes). Acoustic radiation forces acting on the pathogens drive them directly to the central node. In this manner, antibody-antigen complexes accumulate in the nodes in 40-60 sec. The nonbound antibodies are washed out of the separation area by the buffer flow. The forces responsible for separation of particles in the UltraAssay 101 depend on the frequency of the standing-wave resonator and on the density, compressibility and size of the immune complexes. Additionally, UltraAssay 101 is able to directly monitor water salinity, turbidity and specific gravity.
A Multi-Band Metal-Rimmed Antenna for 5G Smartphones (2020)

In this paper, a multi-band antenna based on a single ring slot is proposed for 5G smartphone applications. The proposed antenna consisting of a full metal frame and a ring slot operates at three frequency bands of 5G communications in China which are 2.515-2.675 GHz, 3.4-3.6 GHz and 4.8-4.9 GHz. By inserting grounded stubs, the antenna at three frequency bands is constructed. The advantages of the proposed antenna include multi-band operation, high isolation and compact structure.
Deep Adaptive Semantic Logic (DASL): Compiling Declarative Knowledge into Deep Neural Networks (2020)

We introduce Deep Adaptive Semantic Logic (DASL), a novel framework for automating the generation of deep neural networks that incorporates user-provided formal knowledge to improve learning from data. We provide formal semantics that demonstrate that our knowledge representation captures all of first order logic and that finite sampling from infinite domains converges to correct truth values. DASL's representation improves on prior neural-symbolic work by avoiding vanishing gradients, allowing deeper logical structure, and enabling richer interactions between the knowledge and learning components. We illustrate DASL through a toy problem in which we add structure to an image classification problem and demonstrate that knowledge of that structure reduces data requirements by a factor of $1000$. We then evaluate DASL on a visual relationship detection task and demonstrate that the addition of commonsense knowledge improves performance by $10.7\%$ in a data scarce setting.
MCIR germline variants confer risk for BRAF-mutant melanoma (2006)

Landi, M.; Bauer, J.; Pfeiffer, R.; Elder, D.; Hulley, B.; Minghetti, P.; Calista, D.; Kanetsky, P.; Pinkel, D.; Bastian, B. Author Information
Surround suppression in amblyopic central vision (2014)

Amblyopia is typically characterized by reduced contrast sensitivity in the affected eye, particularly for high spatial frequencies that provide information about fine details in the visual scene. While this deficit suggests decreased gain of neural responses to high spatial frequencies, it is unclear whether lateral interactions among neurons are abnormal in amblyopia, and if so, whether the abnormality is specific to high spatial frequencies. To examine inhibitory lateral interactions, we measured surround suppression (SS) in adult amblyopes and age-matched normal observers. SS occurs when the detectability of a target is reduced by simultaneous presentation of a high-contrast stimulus surrounding the target. In normal observers, SS is much more pronounced in peripheral compared to central vision and may even be absent at the fovea. We found significant SS of a target grating in central vision of the amblyopic eye under conditions where little or no SS was found in either the non-amblyopic eye or in normal observers. For target gratings that are eight cycles wide, substantial SS was found in the amblyopic eye over a wide range of spatial frequencies (20 – 40% of the amblyopic eye's cutoff spatial frequency). In addition, SS was selective for surround gratings having the same orientation as the target, and significant SS was observed for centrally- and eccentrically-fixating amblyopes. Furthermore, we found that SS in amblyopic central vision was stronger for small target sizes, similar to normal peripheral vision. We are currently investigating the relationship between spatial frequency and SS and whether SS magnitude is proportional to the contrast sensitivity deficit of individual amblyopes. Our results demonstrate that amblyopic central vision displays substantial surround suppression that is absent or minimal at the fovea of normal observers. This finding supports the notion that amblyopia is characterized by abnormal interactions between neurons encoding neighboring visual field loci. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014
Chemoinformatics, Concepts, Methods, and Tools for Drug Discovery Edited by Jurgen Bajorath. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ. 2004. xiii + 524 pp. 15.5 × 23.5 cm. ISBN 1-588-29-261-4. $125.00. (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTChemoinformatics, Concepts, Methods, and Tools for Drug Discovery Edited by Jurgen Bajorath. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ. 2004. xiii + 524 pp. 15.5 × 23.5 cm. ISBN 1-588-29-261-4. $125.00.Jan W. F. WasleyView Author Information Simpharma LLC Stone Fence Lane Guilford, Connecticut 06437Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 26, 6653Publication Date (Web):October 28, 2004Publication History Published online28 October 2004Published inissue 1 December 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm040174hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm040174hbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bioinformatics and computational biology,Chemoinformatics,Combinatorial chemistry,Drug discovery,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Two-Dimensional Photonic-Crystal Laser (2006)

We report on unique surface-emitting two-dimensional photonic-crystal lasers with the capability of not only single-mode lasing oscillation in a broad area but also generation of various beam shapes. More than 50×50 u m coherent lasing oscillation has been successfully achieved, and doughnut-shaped and single-lobed beams have been produced by engineering photonic-crystal structures. In addition, we achieved the record highest light-output power (46 mW) of a surface-emitting laser in CW condition at room temperature. These results indicate the realization of a completely new semiconductor laser.
Significant lateral dip changes may have limited the scale of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake (2017)

Abstract The 2015 M w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake has drawn interest due to its complex fault geometry. Both geodetic and geologic studies have focused on the dip variations. In this study we invert the coseismic geodetic data for the 2‐D dip variations of the earthquake. The best fit model confirms that the dip varies with depth, and suggests that there is a significant lateral dip anomaly along strike. The depth‐dependent dip variation suggests that the earthquake ruptured a ramp‐flat fault. The shallow ramp may have prevented the rupture breaking through the surface. In addition, a lateral large‐dip anomaly is found in the northeastern corner of the slip area, which supports the previous findings of inferred interseismic fault coupling, coseismic high‐frequency radiations, and the aftershock mechanisms. This lateral dip anomaly is likely associated with local tearing within the Indian slab. It may have blocked the east‐southeastward rupture propagations of the Gorkha earthquake, implying important controls on the earthquake scale and the spatial limits of ruptures.
Decreased α2-Adrenergic Receptors on Platelet Membranes from Diabetic Patients with Autonomic Neuropathy and Orthostatic Hypotension* (1986)

Platelet adrenergic receptors were studied in normal subjects and diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy to determine the relationship between adrenoreceptor status and orthostatic hypotension. The binding of [3H]clonidine and [3H]yohimbine to platelet membranes was measured in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy and orthostatic hypotension (n = 12) and without orthostatic hypotension (n = 11), diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy (n = 12), and normal subjects (n = 9). Mean basal and standing plasma norepinephrine levels were not different in the four groups, and there was no relationship between orthostasis and norepinephrine responses. The diabetic patients with orthostatic hypotension had a significantly greater fall in mean blood pressure [31 +/- 2.8 (+/- SE) mm Hg] than any of the other three groups. Diabetic patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy and orthostatic hypotension had a 30-40% decrease in number of platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, as demonstrated by [3H]clonidine and [3H]yohimbine binding. The maximum number of binding sites for clonidine was 34 +/- 2.8 (+/- SE) fmol/mg protein in normal subjects, 27.4 +/- 3.4 in diabetic patients with neuropathy, 26 +/- 2.5 in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy without orthostatic hypotension, and 20.4 +/- 3.8 fmol/mg protein in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy with orthostatic hypotension (P less than 0.001). The maximum number of binding sites for yohimbine was 112 +/- 12.6 in normal subjects, 127 +/- 10 in diabetic patients without orthostatic hypotension, and 87 +/- 12.4 fmol/mg protein in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy with orthostatic hypotension (P less than 0.001). Reduced platelet alpha 2-receptors are associated with postural hypotension in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. If applicable to the postjunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptor on sympathetic neurons, reduced vascular responses to changes in posture would be expected despite normal or enhanced norepinephrine secretion.
Individual Differences in Font Preference & Effectiveness as Applied to Interlude Reading in the Digital Age (2020)

In the age of pervasive reading on digital devices, incredible opportunities for customized interfaces abound. We consider how personalizing body text font can improve reading outcomes for adult readers. We present results of large-scale Interlude Reading experiments run on 386 crowdsourced participants, whereby we tested 16 body text fonts and measured impacts on font preference and reading speed. We define “Interlude Reading,” nestled between glanceable and long-form reading, as the form of reading that occurs in short interludes and is common in the mobile context. Our studies controlled for participants’ interest and familiarity with reading passages, familiarity with font families, and font size - via a perceptually-based font size normalization technique. While past work has considered how these factors affect reading in isolation, we present the first study that combines these factors under a single experimental methodology. First, our results show that normalizing a font’s size affects reading speed and font preferences. Second, familiarity with a font predicts neither preference nor effectiveness of a font. Third, people do not know what is good for them: despite 80% of people believing their most preferred font would be their most effective for reading, this was only true 18% of the time. Fourth, and most surprisingly, a simple change in font yielded a reading speed gain of 38 words per minute on average, and 93 WPM for our top quartile of participants (equivalent to eight pages an hour) while comprehension remained similarly high. With these results, we put forward (1) a methodology for running large-scale controlled reading studies, (2) a computational toolkit of crowdsourcing experiments, and (3) a list of concrete recommendations about favorable and effective fonts, and font normalization strategies. Moreover, the potential impacts on individual reading efficacy highlighted here demonstrate a need to further exploit the personalization of text formats.
Erratum: “Planar Hall resistance ring sensor based on NiFe/Cu/IrMn trilayer structure” [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 063903 (2013)] (2013)

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Systematic review with meta‐analysis: review of donor features, procedures and outcomes in 168 clinical studies of faecal microbiota transplantation (2019)

In a systematic review assessing donor characteristics and FMT efficacy, we observed heterogeneity in donor selection, application and outcomes of FMT. These data can facilitate standardisation of FMT protocols for various diseases.
Pouring fuel on the fire: Th17 cells, the environment, and autoimmunity (2015)

Cytokines play a critical role in controlling the differentiation of CD4 Th cells into distinct subsets, including IL-17-producing Th17 cells. Unfortunately, the incidence of a number of autoimmune diseases, particularly those in which the IL-23/IL-17 axis has been implicated, has risen in the last several decades, suggesting that environmental factors can promote autoimmunity. Here we review the role of cytokines in Th17 differentiation, particularly the role of IL-23 in promoting the differentiation of a pathogenic subset of Th17 cells that potently induce autoimmune tissue inflammation. Moreover, we highlight emerging data that indicate that environmental factors, including the intestinal microbiota and changes in diet, can alter normal cytokine regulation with potent effects on Th17 differentiation and thus promote autoimmunity, which has strong implications for human disease.
THE AUDITORY ORGANIZATION OF SPEECH IN LISTENERS AND MACHINES (1998)

Introduction Speech is typically perceived against a background of other sounds. The acoustic mixture reaching the ears is processed to enable constituent sources to be heard and recognized as distinct entities. The auditory system may not always succeed in this goal, but the range of situations in which spoken communication is possible in the presence of competing sources highlights the flexibility and robustness of human speech perception. The background against which a conversation is carried out is made up of acoustic intrusions which may overlap temporally and spectrally with the target speech. The background may consist of other utterances, with fundamental frequency and formant contours occupying similar regions to those of the target. Target and background may contain similar ranges of envelope modulations, and can arrive from similar locations in space. Sometimes, the background will be characterized by high-intensity onsets which completely mask the target conversati
The Effect of Distribution Transformers on Distribution Line Carrier Signals (1987)

A study is made of the primary impedance of single phase power distribution transformers at frequencies of 2-50 kHz. This band includes the frequencies used for distribution line communications. A range of primary impedance values is found as the secondary impedance varies between 1 and 100% of full load. Then the effect of these transformers on the attenuation, phase constant and characteristic impedance of a power distribution line is computed. Calculations are compared with measurements reported elsewhere.
Control of Microdomain Structures (2009)

Controlling polarity in nonlinear optical materials occupies an important place in Micro Solid-State
Nonlinear Monte Carlo Method for Imbalanced Data Learning (2020)

For basic machine learning problems, expected error is used to evaluate model performance. Since the distribution of data is usually unknown, we can make simple hypothesis that the data are sampled independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) and the mean value of loss function is used as the empirical risk by Law of Large Numbers (LLN). This is known as the Monte Carlo method. However, when LLN is not applicable, such as imbalanced data problems, empirical risk will cause overfitting and might decrease robustness and generalization ability. Inspired by the framework of nonlinear expectation theory, we substitute the mean value of loss function with the maximum value of subgroup mean loss. We call it nonlinear Monte Carlo method. In order to use numerical method of optimization, we linearize and smooth the functional of maximum empirical risk and get the descent direction via quadratic programming. With the proposed method, we achieve better performance than SOTA backbone models with less training steps, and more robustness for basic regression and imbalanced classification tasks.
Importance of thorough tissue and cellular level characterization of targeted drugs in the evaluation of pharmacodynamic effects (2019)

Targeted nanoparticle delivery is a promising strategy for increasing efficacy and limiting side effects of therapeutics. When designing a targeted liposomal formulation, the in vivo biodistribution of the particles must be characterized to determine the value of the targeting approach. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists effectively treat metabolic syndrome by decreasing dyslipidemia and insulin resistance but side effects have limited their use, making them a class of compounds that could benefit from targeted liposomal delivery. The adipose targeting sequence peptide (ATS) could fit this role, as it has been shown to bind to adipose tissue endothelium and induce weight loss when delivered conjugated to a pro-apoptotic peptide. To date, however, a full assessment of ATS in vivo biodistribution has not been reported, leaving important unanswered questions regarding the exact mechanisms whereby ATS targeting enhances therapeutic efficacy. We designed this study to evaluate the biodistribution of ATS-conjugated liposomes loaded with the PPARα/γ dual agonist tesaglitazar in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. The ATS-liposome biodistribution in adipose tissue and other organs was examined at the cellular and tissue level using microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorescent molecular tomography. Changes in metabolic parameters and gene expression were measured by target and off-target tissue responses to the treatment. Unexpectedly, ATS targeting did not increase liposomal uptake in adipose relative to other tissues, but did increase uptake in the kidneys. Targeting also did not significantly alter metabolic parameters. Analysis of the liposome cellular distribution in the stromal vascular fraction with flow cytometry revealed high uptake by multiple cell types. Our findings highlight the need for thorough study of in vivo biodistribution when evaluating a targeted therapy.