gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mineral bone tissue density and risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with bronchial asthma (2003)

Aim. To estimate mineral bone tissue density (MBTD) and risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study included 119 patients (48 males and 71 females) aged 18 to 49 years who had no diseases or states that can induce MBTD, except BA. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) those untreated with glucocorticoids (GC); 2) those who received inhaled GC; and 3) those who permanently took oral and inhaled GC. The patients underwent questionnaire survey, double-power X-ray absorption of the lumbar vertebral column and proximal femur, and X-ray study; forced expiratory volume per sec and peak expiratory function were measured. Results. In Group J patients, there was a high incidence of osteopenia that Increased with the severity of BA. About 2.5-year therapy with inhaled GC in large and small doses had no impact on MBTD. The prolonged use of systemic GC caused a marked reduction in MBTD and led to the development of osteoporetic fractures. Changes were detected in both the lumbar spine and proximal femur. In males and females, MBTD decreases were equal. MBTD correlated with the duration of GC therapy and with age at its initiation, but not with the daily dose of GC. In 15.4% of the patients, MBTD remained in the normal range despite the prolonged use of GC in large doses. Osteoporetic fractures were observed at the values of MBTD, which had not reached the stage of osteoporosis according to the WHO criteria, which was indicative of qualitative GC-induced bone tissue changes. Conclusion. GC is an important, but not alone, risk factor for osteoporosis in asthmatic patients. The high rate of low MBTD among the patients receiving no GC suggests that it is necessary to make an early diagnosis and to perform rational treatments.
Development of Wedge Type Impellers for Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Compressors (2008)

Low specific speed, namely low flow coefficient, Wedge type impellers with high performance are developed, which impellers are applied to high-pressure multistage compressors. Conventional low specific speed impellers because of their low volume flow rates have thin blades and their blade heights are small. Therefore, efficiency of low specific speed impellers turns out to be lower than that of high specific speed impellers, because the large wetted perimeter causes large skin friction loss. Wedge type impellers with thick blades and large blade heights are examined to reduce the skin friction loss. Blade geometry of Wedge type impellers is determined by the distribution of blade angles and thicknesses that are defined in terms of a polynomial of meridional distance. The determination of impeller geometry also takes into account the inlet and the outlet blade heights. Adiabatic efficiency of many Wedge type impellers, designed by studying various combinations of these distributions and blade heights, is estimated by the one-dimensional prediction method. This procedure leads to the determination of optimized impeller geometry with higher efficiency and wider operating flow range than available otherwise. In Wedge type impeller optimization by their design, the relative velocity ratios from impeller “inlet to throat” and from impeller “inlet to outlet”, and flow incidence at impeller inlet are restricted to certain specific values. This is done in order to ascertain wide operating flow range. Estimated efficiency of optimized Wedge type impeller with designed suction flow coefficient of 0.021 is by some percent higher than that of the conventional two-dimensional impeller with thin blades, as was determined by both the one-dimensional prediction method and by commercial CFD code. Designed Wedge type impellers were fabricated and tested for their aerodynamic performance. Results show that in case of Wedge type impeller the normalized stage efficiency increases by 6% and operating flow range expands significantly as compared with those of the conventional 2D impeller stage. The performance estimation by CFD also shows a qualitative agreement with the experimental results regarding the increase in efficiency and operating flow range. Moreover, rotating stall which often exhibits sub-synchronous low frequency shaft vibration in high-pressure centrifugal compressors was not observed in Wedge type impeller stages.
Intervertebral disc regeneration using small intestinal submucosa as a bioscaffold (2005)

Low back pain is associated with degeneration of intervertebral discs and abnormal turnover of the disc extracellular matrix. Surgical treatment to relieve pain includes lumbar discectomy and spina...
Supplementary Figure 7 and 8 from Local HPV Recombinant Vaccinia Boost Following Priming with an HPV DNA Vaccine Enhances Local HPV-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell–Mediated Tumor Control in the Genital Tract (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 7:Detection of CD103 and s1p1 expression by HPV16 E7-specific CD8+ T cells after intracervicovaginal vaccination Supplementary Figure 8: Comparison of HPV16 E7-specific CD8+ T cells induced by pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 intracervicovaginal vaccination followed by either intracervicovaginal or subcutaneous TA-HPV boost&lt;/p&gt;
A Middleware Improved Technology (MIT) to Mitigate Interdependencies between Critical Infrastructures. (2007)

Public life, economy and society as a whole depend to a very large extend on the proper functioning of critical infrastructures (CIs) like energy supply or telecommunication. The extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICT) has pervaded the critical infrastructures, rendering them more intelligent but even increasingly interconnected, complex, interdependent, and therefore more vulnerable. In this paper a new technology (MIT - Middleware Improvement Technology) is proposed: it is based on a collection of software components aiming at enhancing the dependability, the survivability and the resilience of LCCIs (Large Complex Critical Infrastructures) by mitigating dependency and interdependency effects. It should prevent and limit cascading effects and/or support automated (if possible) recovery and service continuity in critical situations. The research activities and results described in the paper have been developed inside EU/FP6 Integrated Project IRRIIS - Integrated Risk Reduction of Information-based Infrastructure Systems.
Dynamic mechanical properties of silica‐filled ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (1993)

Abstract Dynamic mechanical studies of ethylene vinyl acetate rubber indicated the presence of different transitions: the α‐transition or glass‐rubber transition temperature ( T g ) at −17°C, the γ‐transition around −60 to −70°C observed as a shoulder, and the γ‐transition in the temperature region of −127 to −135°C, apart from a high‐temperature transition ( T 1,1 ) at +69°C. The α‐transition temperature did not shift its position with incorporation of silica filler, but there was gradual sequential lowering of tan δ peak values at T g with increase in filler loading. Such sequential dependence of tan δ values on filler incorporation was not observed in the cases of β‐ and γ‐transitions. The T 1,1 transition was found to be less prominent in the presence of filler, particularly at high concentration. Treatment of the filler with a silane coupling agent caused a shift in the α‐transition temperature to higher temperature by about 4°C. Studies on dynamic mechanical properties under isothermal conditions have shown that the coupling agent caused a breakdown of silica agglomerates during mixing. An increase in frequency caused a shift of tan δ peak positions in the α‐ and γ‐transition regions toward higher temperature. Although frequency did not have a significant effect on the tan δ value at the α‐transition, increase in frequency caused sequential lowering of tan δ value at the α‐transition. increase in frequency caused sequential lowering of tan δ value at the γ‐transition. In the high‐temperature region, the T 1,1 peak exhibited by the gum compound gradully disappeared with increasing frequency. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structural basis for the activation of cholera toxin by human ARF6-GTP. (2005)

The Vibrio cholerae bacterium causes devastating diarrhea when it infects the human intestine. The key event is adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of the human signaling protein GSalpha, catalyzed by the cholera toxin A1 subunit (CTA1). This reaction is allosterically activated by human ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), a family of essential and ubiquitous G proteins. Crystal structures of a CTA1:ARF6-GTP (guanosine triphosphate) complex reveal that binding of the human activator elicits dramatic changes in CTA1 loop regions that allow nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to bind to the active site. The extensive toxin:ARF-GTP interface surface mimics ARF-GTP recognition of normal cellular protein partners, which suggests that the toxin has evolved to exploit promiscuous binding properties of ARFs. PMID: 16099990 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AI-34501 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AI-31940 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI031940
Prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) is essential for hypoxic regulation of neutrophilic inflammation in humans and mice (2011)

The regulation of neutrophil lifespan by induction of apoptosis is critical for maintaining an effective host response and preventing excessive inflammation. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) oxygen-sensing pathway has a major effect on the susceptibility of neutrophils to apoptosis, with a marked delay in cell death observed under hypoxic conditions. HIF expression and transcriptional activity are regulated by the oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3), but the role of PHDs in neutrophil survival is unclear. We examined PHD expression in human neutrophils and found that PHD3 was strongly induced in response to hypoxia and inflammatory stimuli in vitro and in vivo. Using neutrophils from mice deficient in Phd3, we demonstrated a unique role for Phd3 in prolonging neutrophil survival during hypoxia, distinct from other hypoxia-associated changes in neutrophil function and metabolic activity. Moreover, this selective defect in neutrophil survival occurred in the presence of preserved HIF transcriptional activity but was associated with upregulation of the proapoptotic mediator Siva1 and loss of its binding target Bcl-xL. In vivo, using an acute lung injury model, we observed increased levels of neutrophil apoptosis and clearance in Phd3-deficient mice compared with WT controls. We also observed reduced neutrophilic inflammation in an acute mouse model of colitis. These data support what we believe to be a novel function for PHD3 in regulating neutrophil survival in hypoxia and may enable the development of new therapeutics for inflammatory disease.
Tunnel detrapping of self‐trapped positronium in SrF2 single crystal (2007)

Abstract We develop a model to explain the temperature dependence of the delocalized Ps fraction in SrF 2 . The model accounts for both classical and tunnel detrapping mechanisms. We show that it is this model that reproduces the available experimental data well throughout the entire temperature range, thus demonstrating an important role of the temperature activated tunnel detrapping for the self‐trapped Ps in SrF 2 . (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exploiting the Evolutionary Relationship between Malarial Parasites and Plants To Develop New Herbicides (2017)

Herbicide resistance is driving a need to develop new herbicides. The evolutionary relationship between apicomplexan parasites, such as those causing malaria, and plants is close enough that many antimalarial drugs are herbicidal and so represent novel scaffolds for herbicide development. Using a compound library from the Medicines for Malaria Venture, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and a physicochemical database of known herbicides, a compound was discovered that showed post-emergence herbicidal activity equal to commercial herbicides. Using structure-activity analysis, important points for its potency were found. The compound was also tested and found to be active against common crop weeds. Physiological profiling suggested the compound was a photosystem II inhibitor, representing a new scaffold for herbicide development. Overall this approach demonstrates the viability of using antimalarial compounds as lead compounds for the development of much needed new herbicides.
Polarizing Front Ends for Robust CNNs (2020)

The vulnerability of deep neural networks to small, adversarially designed perturbations can be attributed to their "excessive linearity." In this paper, we propose a bottom-up strategy for attenuating adversarial perturbations using a nonlinear front end which polarizes and quantizes the data. We observe that ideal polarization can be utilized to completely eliminate perturbations, develop algorithms to learn approximately polarizing bases for data, and investigate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy on the MNIST and Fashion MNIST datasets.
Subsea compact gas compression with high-speed VSDs and very long step-out cables (2009)

The unexpected shrinking gas production forecast in the Asgard field on the Norwegian Continental Shelf was the motivation for a leading European Oil & Gas company to start a Technology Qualification Program (TQP) for Subsea gas compression using High-speed Variable Speed Drives (VSD) in order to keep the actual gas production volume at the initially forecasted levels.
Occlusion-capable optical-see-through near-eye display using a single digital micromirror device (2020)

Occlusion of a real scene by displayed virtual images mitigates incorrect depth cues and enhances image visibility in augmented reality applications. In this Letter, we propose a novel optical scheme for the occlusion-capable optical-see-through near-eye display. The proposed scheme uses only a single spatial light modulator, as the real-scene mask and virtual image display simultaneously. A polarization-based double-pass configuration is also combined, enabling a compact implementation. The proposed scheme is verified by optical experiments which demonstrate a 60 Hz red-green-blue video display with a 4-bit depth for each color channel and per-pixel dynamic occlusion of a 90.6% maximum occlusion ratio.
The Impact of Bacteria Exposure on the Plasmonic Response of Silver Nanostructured Surfaces (2021)

Silver, especially in the form of nanostructures, is widely employed as an antimicrobial agent in a large range of commercial products. The origin of the biocidal mechanism has been elucidated in the last decades, and most likely originates from silver cation release due to oxidative dissolution followed by cellular uptake of silver ions, a process that causes a severe disruption of bacterial metabolism and eventually leads to eradication. Despite the large number of works dealing with the effects of nanosilver shape/size on the antibacterial mechanism and on the (bio)physical chemistry pathways that drive bacterial eradication, little effort has been devoted to the investigation of the silver NPs plasmon response upon interaction with bacteria. Here we present a detailed investigation of the bacteria-induced changes of the plasmon spectral and dynamical features after exposure to one of the most studied bacterial models, Escherichia Coli. Ultrafast pump-probe measurements indicate that the dramatic changes on particle size/shape and crystallinity, which stem from a bacteria-induced oxidative dissolution process, translate into a clear modification of the plasmon spectral and dynamical features. This study may open innovative new avenues in the field of biophysics of bio-responsive materials, with the aim of providing new and reliable biophysical signatures of the interaction of these materials with complex biological environments.
Multi-Structural Games and Number of Quantifiers (2021)

We study multi-structural games, played on two sets ${\mathcal{A}}$ and ${\mathcal{B}}$ of structures. These games generalize Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé games. Whereas Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé games capture the quantifier rank of a first-order sentence, multi-structural games capture the number of quantifiers, in the sense that Spoiler wins the r-round game if and only if there is a first-order sentence ϕ with at most r quantifiers, where every structure in ${\mathcal{A}}$ satisfies ϕ and no structure in ${\mathcal{B}}$ satisfies ϕ. We use these games to give a complete characterization of the number of quantifiers required to distinguish linear orders of different sizes, and develop machinery for analyzing structures beyond linear orders.
IDE-Net: Interactive Driving Event and Pattern Extraction From Human Data (2021)

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) need to share the road with multiple, heterogeneous road users in a variety of driving scenarios. It is overwhelming and unnecessary to carefully interact with all observed agents, and AVs need to determine whether and when to interact with each surrounding agent. In order to facilitate the design and testing of prediction and planning modules of AVs, in-depth understanding of interactive behavior is expected with proper representation, and events in behavior data need to be extracted and categorized automatically. Answers to what are the essential patterns of interactions are also crucial for these motivations in addition to answering whether and when. Thus, learning to extract interactive driving events and patterns from human data for tackling the whether-when-what tasks is of critical importance for AVs. There is, however, no clear definition and taxonomy of interactive behavior, and most of the existing works are based on either manual labelling or hand-crafted rules and features. In this letter, we propose the Interactive Driving event and pattern Extraction Network (IDE-Net), which is a deep learning framework to automatically extract interaction events and patterns directly from vehicle trajectories. In IDE-Net, we leverage the power of multi-task learning and proposed three auxiliary tasks to assist the pattern extraction in an unsupervised fashion. We also design a unique spatial-temporal block to encode the trajectory data. Experimental results on the INTERACTION dataset verified the effectiveness of such designs in terms of better generalizability and effective pattern extraction. We find three interpretable patterns of interactions, bringing insights for driver behavior representation, modeling and comprehension. Both objective and subjective evaluation metrics are adopted in our analysis of the learned patterns.
Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by Nitrogen‐Doped Nanoporous Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Membranes: A Step Towards the Electrochemical CO2 Refinery (2017)

Herein we introduce a straightforward, low cost, scalable, and technologically relevant method to manufacture an all-carbon, electroactive, nitrogen-doped nanoporous-carbon/carbon-nanotube composite membrane, dubbed "HNCM/CNT". The membrane is demonstrated to function as a binder-free, high-performance gas diffusion electrode for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to formate. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) for the production of formate is 81 %. Furthermore, the robust structural and electrochemical properties of the membrane endow it with excellent long-term stability.
A Scaling Parameter for Predicting Pressure Wave Reflection in Stented Arteries (2009)

A one-dimensional finite-difference model was developed to predict pressure wave reflections in stented arteries, and a parametric study of variations in stent and vessel properties was performed, including stent stiffness, length, and compliance transition region, as well as vessel radius and wall thickness. The model was solved using a combination of weighted essentially nonoscillatory and Runge–Kutta methods. Over 100 cases were tested and the magnitudes of the predicted waves were less than 0.5 mm Hg for all cases, less than 1% of the normal pulse pressure of 40 mm Hg. It was also shown that reasonable variations in these parameters could induce changes in reflection magnitude of up to ±50%. The relationship between each of these properties and the resulting wave reflection could be described in a simple manner, and the effect of all of them together could, in fact, be encompassed by a single nondimensional parameter titled “stent authority.” It is believed that stent authority is a novel way of relating the energy imposed upon the arterial wall by the stent to the fraction of the incident pressure energy that is reflected from the stented region. Based on these results, it is believed that stent design can have a significant effect on pressure wave reflections; however, it was concluded that their small magnitudes make clinical relevance of these waves unlikely, regardless of design.
A single-stranded DNA binding protein that specifically recognizes cis-acting sequences in the replication origin and transcriptional promoter region of Tetrahymena rDNA (1995)

Type I repeat sequences are evolutionarily conserved sequence elements found in the replication origin and transcriptional promoter region of the rRNA genes (rDNA) in Tetrahymena thermophila. An abundant single-stranded DNA binding protein, ssA-TIBF, specifically interacts with the A-rich strand of the Type I repeat sequence. Quantitative binding competition experiments performed with purified ssA-TIBF demonstrate that the binding site for ssA-TIBF includes sequences both within the conserved 33 nt element and in a 3' flanking region: addition of the 3' flanking sequence to the Type I repeat oligonucleotide increases the binding affinity of ssA-TIBF by nearly 100-fold (apparent Kd = 3.0 x 10(-10) M). A mutation in the ssA-TIBF binding site previously shown to be the determinant of an rDNA replication defect in vivo results in a 25-fold decrease in ssA-TIBF binding affinity in vitro. ssA-TIBF also binds with high affinity to a copy of the Type I repeat sequence within the essential promoter region defined by in vitro transcription assays. The affinity of ssA-TIBF for the promoter repeat, which differs from other copies of the repeat at 8 out of 33 positions, is at least equal to its affinity for the Type I repeat sequences in the origin region. The biochemical properties of ssA-TIBF in vitro suggest that it could play a role in both replication and transcription of Tetrahymena rDNA in vivo.