gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of interfacial phenomena in the catalytic behavior of multiphase selective ammoxidation catalysts (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of interfacial phenomena in the catalytic behavior of multiphase selective ammoxidation catalystsJames F. Brazdil, Linda C. Glaeser, and Robert K. GrasselliCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 26, 5485–5491Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150644a036https://doi.org/10.1021/j150644a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Influence of the Confounding Factors Age and Sex on MicroRNA Profiles from Peripheral Blood (2014)

The age distribution of individuals recruited for case-control studies needs to be carefully considered, whereas sex may be less confounding. To support the translation of miRNAs into clinical application, we offer a web-based application (http://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/mirnacon) to test individual miRNAs or miRNA signatures for their likelihood of being influenced.
Towards a Unified Framework for Physical Layer Security in 5G and Beyond Networks (2022)

Wireless systems have become an increasingly pivotal part of our lives. Various critical applications and use cases such as healthcare, financial transactions, e-commerce, transportation, industrial automation, etc. rely on secure and reliable communication for their proper operation. Despite their widespread adoption, conventional cryptographic security mechanisms are unable to scale with the increasingly decentralized and heterogeneous networks. Physical layer security (PLS), on the other hand, provides a promising complementary solution to ensure authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and availability of legitimate transmissions by exploiting the dynamic characteristics of the wireless environment. Despite the plethora of literary works regarding different facets of PLS being present, a unified framework is still absent. In this paper, we provide a PLS framework that not only encompasses the existing works but also enables the development of next-generation PLS methods. In line with this, the importance of PLS for emerging technologies such as joint sensing and communication, vehicular communication, non-terrestrial networks, millimeter-wave, terahertz communication, etc. is highlighted. Furthermore, the key challenges and directions for future PLS mechanisms are identified.
STUDYING THE DYNAMICS OF THE RING-OPENING REACTION OF 1,3- CYCLOHEXADIENE (2000)

Upon excitation by an ultra-violet photon 1, 3-Cyclohexadiene loses its cyclic structure and becomes one of the isomers of 1, 3, 5-hexatriene. This ring-opening reaction serves as a model for a large number of photochemical processes. While many detailed studies have shed considerable light on this reaction, many details of the reaction pathway through the excited electronic states still have not yet been well determined. We have studied the ring-opening reaction using fluorescence spectroscopy and obtained the first free jet fluorescence spectrum. The spectrum provides clues about the excited states populated upon excitation. We have also examined the reaction process using pump-probe gas-phase electron diffraction. This technique gives a direct picture of the excited state structures accessed during the reaction. Preliminary results will be presented.
Governing the large metropolis. A research agenda (2024)

Our starting point is to challenge the often-made assumption that large cities are so complex that they have become ungovernable or that globalization pressures make political and policy choices irrelevant. By going beyond rational or positivist views of governance, it argues that the process of governing a city is never fully complete, nor linear. The paper refers to a systematic review of the academic literature. Urban societies are more or less governed and that may change from one city to the next, from one period to the next. Processes of government and governance are always work in progress, but make crucial differences over time. Case studies show that modes of governance have long-term consequences for their inhabitants and governing failures may have severe negative effects (e.g. housing shortages, low levels of educational attainment, crime, low productivity, health). The systematic analysis of the literature shows the need to describe and document at the same time (1) how processes of governance operate in relation to major urban development projects, the implementation of public policies and (2) the implications of such practices for inequalities; so to say articulating an analysis of the governance processes and their outcomes. The paper suggests that the link between metropolitan governance and inequalities allow considering inequalities not only as the outcomes of policy choices, but also as part of the way in which metropolitan policies are implemented.
2D fluid-analytical simulation of electromagnetic effects in low pressure, high frequency electronegative capacitive discharges (2016)

A fast 2D axisymmetric fluid-analytical multifrequency capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) reactor code is used to study center high nonuniformity in a low pressure electronegative chlorine discharge. In the code, a time-independent Helmholtz wave equation is used to solve for the capacitive fields in the linearized frequency domain. This eliminates the time dependence from the electromagnetic (EM) solve, greatly speeding up the simulations at the cost of neglecting higher harmonics. However, since the code allows up to three driving frequencies, we can add the two most important harmonics to the CCP simulations as the second and third input frequencies. The amplitude and phase of these harmonics are estimated by using a recently developed 1D radial nonlinear transmission line (TL) model of a highly asymmetric cylindrical discharge (Lieberman et al 2015 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 24 055011). We find that at higher applied frequencies, the higher harmonics contribute significantly to the center high nonuniformity due to their shorter plasma wavelengths.
Splitting dynamics of giant vortices in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates (2010)

We study the splitting of multiply quantized vortices with large quantum numbers in dilute nonrotated Bose-Einstein condensates in the zero-temperature limit. The splitting is observed to result in vortex-free condensate fragments which are separated by vortex sheets. The number of these fragments is found to be equal to the angular-momentum quantum number of the Bogoliubov excitation mode responsible for the splitting, although the formulation of the fragments cannot be described by small-amplitude excitations. Thus, the realization of an isolated giant vortex and the observation of its splitting would provide a means to directly relate the experimental data to discrete theoretical quantities.
Induction of CD8 molecules on thymic γ/δ T cells in vitro is dependent upon α/β T cells (1991)

Thymocytes differentiate upon interactions with microenvironmental components, but the precise role of different stromal cells, or other T cells, in early differentiative events remains unclear. Here we have analyzed the in vitro differentiation of double-negative (DN) thymocytes from young adult mice. We demonstrate that a substantial proportion of DN thymocytes differentiate into CD8+ gamma/delta T cells upon stimulation with concanavalin A and recombinant interleukin 2. However, if alpha/beta T cells are excluded from the initial population of DN thymocytes, the CD8+ gamma/delta T cells do not appear in the cultures. These results suggest a role for T-T cell interactions in thymic differentiative events, and provide evidence for physiological interactions between the alpha/beta and gamma/delta T cell compartments within the thymus.
Supplementary Video 4E and F from Selective Targeting and Potent Control of Tumor Growth Using an EphA2/CD3-Bispecific Single-Chain Antibody Construct (2023)

Supplementary Video 4E and F from Selective Targeting and Potent Control of Tumor Growth Using an EphA2/CD3-Bispecific Single-Chain Antibody Construct
Parallel Operation of Split-Source Inverters for PV Systems: Analysis and Modulation for Circulating Current and EMI Noise Reduction (2021)

To satisfy the ever-increasing requirement from load side and improve the power quality through harmonic content reduction, the paralleled converters' structure is seen to be an interesting solution. However, paralleled converters, in which the same dc and ac sides are shared, suffer from a major challenge related to the excessive circulating currents due to the difference in the induced common-mode voltage (CMV) in each converter. This voltage difference is due to the instantaneous potential difference between paralleled phase-legs, due to the discrepancy in circuit and control parameters of paralleled converters. Consequently, zero-sequence circulating current (ZSCC) as well as differential-mode circulating current (DMCC) shall appear between the paralleled converters. In this context, this article utilizes the interleaved pulsewidth modulation (PWM) concept for the ZSCC and DMCC reduction in paralleled split-source inverters (SSIs), where this SSI is a single-stage dc-ac converter and the prior mentioned operation and associated issues have not been investigated yet. This article describes the three-phase SSI structure and its basic operation, and shows the corresponding CMV waveform. Then, based on the shown analysis, an interleaved discontinuous PWM strategy is proposed to restrain the CMV amplitude and reduce the induced circulating currents. Furthermore, the effect of changing the modulation index and interleaving angle on the overall converter behavior has also been evaluated in case of using SSI. The analysis and simulations revealed the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy compared to counterparts. Finally, the shown simulation results are validated with an experimental prototype of 1 kW.
Plasmonic Photocatalyst for Photodegradation with Spinning Optical Disk Reactor (2014)

An efficient and novel photocatalytic reactor for environmental treatment was fabricated with zinc oxide nanorods growing on optical disk substrate as the photocatalyst. Plasmonic photocatalysis was also demonstrated to enhance the photodegradation efficiency.
[Fatal evolution of a dilated cardiomyopathy during a primary Epstein-Barr virus infection]. (2006)

We report the observation of a 2-year-old child who developed an acute heart failure during a primary EBV infection. The viral serological diagnosis showed CMV and EBV IgM positivity. The detection of EBV genome by PCR and the characteristic evolution of EBV serological response confirmed a primary EBV infection.
Does Repair of Mitral Regurgitation Eliminate the Need for Left Ventricular Volume Reduction? (2003)

Patients with no preoperative MR were found to benefit from PLV as did patients with significant MR. Beneficial effects of PLV appeared to derive mainly from volume reduction rather than abolished MR in this study.
Individual housing of female mice: influence on postsurgical behaviour and recovery (2012)

Individual housing of laboratory mice may increase vulnerability to surgical stress, and interfere with postsurgical recovery. To analyse the effect of housing conditions on recovery, pair- and single-housed female C57BL/6J mice underwent a minor laparotomy +/- analgesia, anaesthesia only or no treatment. Animals were monitored using non-invasive methods during the immediate postsurgical period to assess pain and general impairment. While no appearance or posture abnormalities were observed postexperiment, home cage behaviours were affected distinctly. Discriminant analysis identified self-grooming, locomotion, climbing and resting as mainly responsible for experimental group separation. Behavioural rhythmicity was disrupted, and behaviours related to wellbeing, such as nest building, climbing and burrowing, decreased. Behavioural pain signs (e.g. press) increased. Most behavioural alterations showed a gradation between treatments, e.g. burrowing latency ranged from an intermediate level following anaesthesia only and surgery with analgesia, to pronounced prolongation after surgery without analgesia. Significantly lower burrowing performance after surgery without analgesia in individually-housed animals indicates better recovery in pairs. Social interaction in pairs--an important component of normal behaviour (64%) and a potential indicator for direct social support--was nearly absent (0.3-0.5%). While anaesthesia and surgery resulted in clear changes in behaviour, differences between housing conditions were minor. Hence, despite a tendency towards better recovery in pairs, we found no distinct negative effect of individual housing. In conclusion, both housing conditions are acceptable during the period immediately following minor surgery, though social housing is always preferable in female mice.
Subpicosecond mode locking of a Nd^3+-doped garnet laser (1992)

We demonstrate subpicosecond pulse generation using a GSAG:YSGG:Nd3+ crystal. A dispersively balanced nonlinear Michelson interferometer has been used for self-starting mode locking to generate pulses of ∼0.5 ps with average output powers of as much as 190 mW.
Vascular Permeability Factor/Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor-mediated Permeability Occurs through Disorganization of Endothelial Junctional Proteins (1998)

Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates endothelial proliferation, angiogenesis, and increased vascular permeability in vivo. We investigated mechanisms of vascular permeability factor-mediated endothelial monolayer permeability changes in vitro. [14C]Albumin flux across endothelial monolayers was measured following a 90-min exposure to vascular permeability factor (660 pM). Vascular permeability factor increased albumin flux to 3.4 times that of control albumin flux. Endothelial monolayers were also incubated for 90 min with vascular permeability factor plus Gö6976 (10 nM), staurosporine (1 microM), wortmannin (10 nM), AG126 (1 and 2.67 microM), and PD98059 (20 microM). Vascular permeability factor-mediated permeability was not blocked by Gö6976, an antagonist of "classical" protein kinase C, staurosporine, a pan-protein kinase C antagonist, nor wortmannin, a PI3-kinase blocker, but was blocked by incubation with AG126 or PD98059, inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Immunofluorescent staining of the junctional proteins VE-cadherin and occludin showed a loss of these proteins from the endothelial junction that was prevented by co-incubation with AG126 or PD98059. These data demonstrate that vascular permeability factor increases albumin permeability across endothelial monolayers in vitro and suggests that permeability increases through rearrangement of endothelial junctional proteins involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway.
Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Orbitrap is the newest addition to the family of high-resolution mass spectrometry analyzers. With its revolutionarily new, miniature design, Orbitrap combines high speed with excellent quantification properties, ranking favorably in many analytical applications.
<title>Performance of gas-assisted FIB repair for opaque defects</title> (1996)

Until recently, opaque defects on photomask have been removed by laser evaporation. However there are several disadvantages in this repair technique. First an operator must visually align the laser irradiation spot and pattern edge, so high repair accuracy can not be obtained. Also when the area to be repaired is large the laser sputters the surrounding surfaces and the evaporation tends to redeposit on pattern edges causing them to swell thus increasing the probability of detection by inspection equipment. Additionally the laser repair technique has proven to be very difficult if the pattern defect is any complex geometry. The repair using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) has been developed to solve some of these issues, however this method has not yet been applied to the production line because of degradation of transmission rate and the damage to the glass substrate. This paper reports the evaluation on the performance of the FIB repair using a newly developed gas assisted etching (GAE) technique and the status of using FIB with GAE in the production line. By using GAE, the degree of glass damage has been reduced by a factor of ten as compared with the FIB repairs without GAE. A transmission rate of 94% (i-line) could be obtained on a conventional mask and 92% (i-line) on the Halftone Phase Shift mask (HT-PSM). Furthermore, by applying the post-treatment after the repair, the transmission rate of the repaired area could be recovered to the same level as the normal glass area. The printing characteristics for i-line of the GAE repaired in both conventional mask and HT-PSM has been also good, showing that the GAE FIB repair is applicable in the normal photolithographic process window and that this method can achieve the similar printing result in comparison with non- repaired area.
Hodgkin disease: pharmacologic intervention of the CD40-NFκB pathway by a protease inhibitor (2000)

The malignant Reed-Sternberg cell of Hodgkin disease is an aberrant B cell that persists in an immunolgically mediated inflammatory infiltrate. Despite its nonproductive immunoglobulin genes, the Reed-Sternberg cell avoids the usual apoptotic fate of defective immune cells through an unknown mechanism. A likely candidate is the surface receptor, CD40, consistently expressed by Reed-Sternberg cells, and the first link in the pathway to NF-kappa B activation, the central regulator of cytokine production and apoptosis. CD40 signaling in B lymphocytes coordinates the immune response, including immunoglobulin isotype switch and Fas-mediated apoptosis. CD40-induced NF-kappa B activation is mediated by adapter proteins, the TNF receptor (TNFR)-associated factors (TRAFs), especially TRAFs 2, 3, and 5. Using a Hodgkin cell line, this study demonstrates that CD40 activation of NF-kappa B is mediated by proteolysis of TRAF3. Results further demonstrate that the pathway can be blocked by treatment with pharmacologic doses of a specific protease inhibitor, pepstatin-A, even in the presence of a mutated NF-kappa B inhibitor, I-kappa B alpha. The stability of TRAF3 regulates CD40/NF-kappa B-mediated control of the immune response, which is central to the biologic activity of the Reed-Sternberg cell. Prevention of TRAF3 proteolysis may be an entry point for design of novel pharmaceuticals to treat Hodgkin disease and immune system disorders. (Blood. 2000;96:2841-2848)
Recombination dynamics of excitons in Mg0.11Zn0.89O alloy films grown using the high-temperature-annealed self-buffer layer by laser-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (2007)

Recombination dynamics of excitons in Mg0.11Zn0.89O epilayers grown by laser-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on a ScAlMgO4 substrate were investigated. By using the MgZnO high-temperature-annealed self-buffer layer (HITAB), the value of full width at half maximum of the near-band-edge (NBE) photoluminescence (PL) peak at 3.6eV was decreased from 133to94meV at 293K, and the intensity ratio of the NBE emission to the deep emission band centered around 2.2eV was increased by a factor of 3. Also, the PL lifetime of the NBE peak at 293K under the excitation density of 1μJ∕cm2 was increased from 49to60ps. These results suggest that HITAB gave rise to improved alloy compositional homogeneity and reduced concentration of point defects.
Tumor targeted inflammation and coagulation following oncolytic virus therapy compromises blood flow and triggers apoptosis of uninfected tumor cells (2008)

456 Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are designed or selected to eliminate malignancies by direct infection and lysis of cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate acute effects of virus replication in vivo. Tumor bearing mice were systemically treated with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus or Vaccinia Virus and tumors were excised at various timepoints post infusion. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect areas of virus infection, apoptosis (active caspase 3), cell proliferation (Ki67), immune cell infiltration and fibrin deposition. Tumor blood flow was visualized by detecting intravenously infused fluorescent microspheres or Hoechst dye on tissue sections. We observed that a significant portion of the in vivo tumor killing activity of OVs is not caused by direct cell lysis but rather by indirect killing of uninfected tumor cells. Early, following only limited virus infection, we observed a loss of blood flow to the interior of the tumor that correlated with massive induction of cellular apoptosis in tumor cells while normal tissue was unaffected. Infection induced neutrophil recruitment to the tumor bed as well as extensive hemorrhagic necrosis and blood clot formation in tumor microvessels. Specifically, fibrin deposition was detected in vessels within the tumor core, while vessels in the tumor rim and normal tissue were not clotted. The viable tumor rim observed at 24 h post infection likely repopulates the tumor as an expanded tumor rim surrounding a necrotic core was observed at 14 and 24 days post treatment. Indeed, quantification of Ki67 staining reveals that malignant cells within the tumor rim continue to replicate after virus treatment. Further studies investigated how manipulation of the host response affects the tumor microenvironment after OV therapy. Depletion of neutrophils in mice prior to VSV administration resulted in decreased fibrin deposition, more extensive growth of the virus and elimination of uninfected tumor apoptosis. Furthermore, blocking blood clot formation with heparin treatment during OV therapy also curtailed vascular shutdown in tumors. Together these results indicate that targeted recruitment of neutrophils and the coagulation cascade to infected tumor beds enhances killing of malignant cells in murine tumors. Importantly, preliminary clinical data suggests onset of avascular necrosis in a liver metastasis of a patient treated with vaccinia virus. Finally, we propose that activation of innate immune cells as well as blood coagulation can be used to enhance the effectiveness of OV therapeutics and will influence strategies for therapeutic dosing. Beyond implications in the field of OV therapeutics, the influence of targeted inflammation in the context of other anticancer therapies warrants further investigation.