gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward a Science of Expert Systems (1986)

Over the last several years, teams working on expert systems have been exploring formal approaches for belief revision and information acquisition. The formalization of major components of expert systems operation is useful for understanding and characterizing system behavior and for predicting changes with modification. Formalization also facilitates the involvement of investigators in more well-developed disciplines such as statistics. While the use of formal methodologies for diagnostic problem solving is attractive because of the generality, power, and axiomatic basis of inference, the methodologies have been criticized for making inferences that are difficult to understand and explain. I shall focus on the problem of explaining formal reasoning methodologies. The PATHFINDER system for pathology diagnosis is presented as an example of current research on aspects of the use of formal methodologies in expert systems. I will demonstrate that a formal system is amenable to controlled degradation to enhance its explanation capability.
5G Key Technologies for Smart Railways (2020)

Railway communications has attracted significant attention from both academia and industries due to the booming development of railways, especially high-speed railways (HSRs). To be in line with the vision of future smart rail communications, the rail transport industry needs to develop innovative communication network architectures and key technologies that ensure high-quality transmissions for both passengers and railway operations and control systems. Under high mobility and with safety, eco-friendliness, comfort, transparency, predictability, and reliability. Fifth-generation (5G) technologies could be a promising solution to dealing with the design challenges on high reliability and high throughput for HSR communications. Based on our in-depth analysis of smart rail traffic services and communication scenarios, we propose a network slicing architecture for a 5G-based HSR system. With a ray tracing-based analysis of radio wave propagation characteristics and channel models for millimeter wave (mmWave) bands in railway scenarios, we draw important conclusions with regard to appropriate operating frequency bands for HSRs. mymargin Specifically, we have identified significant 5G-based key technologies for HSRs, such as spatial modulation, fast channel estimation, cell-free massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), mmWave, efficient beamforming, wireless backhaul, ultrareliable low latency communications, and enhanced handover strategies. Based on these technologies, we have developed a complete framework of 5G technologies for smart railways and pointed out exciting future research directions.
Systematic Analysis of Chemical Modifications of Phosphorothioate Antisense Oligonucleotides that Modulate Their Innate Immune Response (2023)

While rare, some gapmer phosphorothioate (PS) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can induce a noncanonical TLR9-dependent innate immune response. In this study, we performed systematic analyses of the roles of PS ASO backbone chemistry, 2' modifications, and sequence in PS ASO induced TLR9 signaling. We found that each of these factors can contribute to altering PS ASO induced TLR9 signaling, and in some cases the effects are quite dramatic. We also found that the positioning (5' vs. 3') of a particular backbone or 2' modification within a PS ASO can affect its TLR9 signaling. Interestingly, medicinal chemical strategies that decrease TLR9 signaling for one sequence can have opposing effects on another sequence. Our results demonstrate that TLR9 signaling is highly PS ASO sequence dependent, the mechanism of which remains unknown. Despite this, we determined that placement of two mesyl phosphoramidate linkages within the PS ASO gap is the most promising strategy to mitigate PS ASO dependent TLR9 activation to enhance the therapeutic index and, therefore, further streamline PS ASO drug development.
Cortical Thickness Reduction in Individuals at Ultra-High-Risk for Psychosis (2009)

Although schizophrenia is characterized by gray matter (GM) abnormalities, particularly in the prefrontal and temporal cortices, it is unclear whether cerebral cortical GM is abnormal in individuals at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis. We addressed this issue by studying cortical thickness in this group with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We measured cortical thickness of 29 individuals with no family history of psychosis at UHR, 31 patients with schizophrenia, and 29 healthy matched control subjects using automated surface-based analysis of structural MRI data. Hemispheric mean and regional cortical thickness were significantly different according to the stage of the disease. Significant cortical differences across these 3 groups were found in the distributed area of cerebral cortices. UHR group showed significant cortical thinning in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus compared with healthy control subjects. Significant cortical thinning in schizophrenia group relative to UHR group was found in all the regions described above in addition with posterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and precentral cortex. These changes were more pronounced in the schizophrenia group compared with the control subjects. These findings suggest that UHR is associated with cortical thinning in regions that correspond to the structural abnormalities found in schizophrenia. These structural abnormalities might reflect functional decline at the prodromal stage of schizophrenia, and there may be progressive thinning of GM cortex over time.
TDD frame design for interference handling in mobile IAB networks (2022)

Integrated access and backhaul (IAB) is envisioned as a possible solution to address the need for network densification in situations where fiber connection is not viable. In Release 18, 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) will take another step on extending IAB capabilities. With mobile IAB (mIAB), IAB nodes can be deployed within vehicles, e.g., buses. As in every new technology, performance assessment and evaluation of the impact of interference is of interest for industry and academia. In this paper, we present contributions on those topics. First, we evaluate the performance of mIAB compared to fiber-connected deployments. Moreover, we study the impact of interference on the performance of mIAB networks and propose a solution based on inserting silent slots on the time division duplex (TDD) frame pattern. According to our simulation results, mIAB is capable of improving performance of onboard user equipments (UEs) without harming too much the quality of service (QoS) of surrounding UEs. Furthermore, we show that the TDD frame pattern should be carefully designed to account for scenarios with different levels of interference.
When will it happen? (2012)

Link prediction, i.e., predicting links or interactions between objects in a network, is an important task in network analysis. Although the problem has attracted much attention recently, there are several challenges that have not been addressed so far. First, most existing studies focus only on link prediction in homogeneous networks, where all objects and links belong to the same type. However, in the real world, heterogeneous networks that consist of multi-typed objects and relationships are ubiquitous. Second, most current studies only concern the problem of whether a link will appear in the future but seldom pay attention to the problem of when it will happen. In this paper, we address both issues and study the problem of predicting when a certain relationship will happen in the scenario of heterogeneous networks. First, we extend the link prediction problem to the relationship prediction problem, by systematically defining both the target relation and the topological features, using a meta path-based approach. Then, we directly model the distribution of relationship building time with the use of the extracted topological features. The experiments on citation relationship prediction between authors on the DBLP network demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology.
Nonlinear Cointegration Approach for Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines (2015)

Monitoring of trends and removal of undesired trends from operational/process parameters in wind turbines is important for their condition monitoring. This paper presents the homoscedastic nonlinear cointegration for the solution to this problem. The cointegration approach used leads to stable variances in cointegration residuals. The adapted Breusch-Pagan test procedure is developed to test for the presence of heteroscedasticity in cointegration residuals obtained from the nonlinear cointegration analysis. Examples using three different time series data sets—that is, one with a nonlinear quadratic deterministic trend, another with a nonlinear exponential deterministic trend, and experimental data from a wind turbine drivetrain—are used to illustrate the method and demonstrate possible practical applications. The results show that the proposed approach can be used for effective removal of nonlinear trends form various types of data, allowing for possible condition monitoring applications.
Report on the INEX 2005 workshop on element retrieval methodology (2005)

On the 30 th July 2005, a workshop on XML element retrieval methodology was held as part of the Information Retrieval Festival at the University of Glasgow. Ten papers were presented in four sessions. Each session addressed one aspect of the methodology of XML IR: metrics, users, interactive / heterogeneous, and judging (relevance ranking was excluded). This report outlines the events of the workshop and the major outcomes.
Using a constraint satisfaction formulation and solution techniques for random test program generation (2002)

Automatic generation of test programs plays a major role in the verification of modern processors and hardware systems. In this paper, we formulate the generation of test programs as a constraint satisfaction problem and develop techniques for dealing with the challenges we face, most notably: huge variable domains (e.g., magnitude of 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">64</sup> ) and the need to randomly generate “well distributed” samplings of the solution space. We describe several applications of our method, which include specific test generators targeted at various parts of a design or stages of the verification process.
Transplacental effects of bisphosphonates on fetal skeletal ossification and mineralization in rats (1999)

Bisphosphonates are clinically used mainly to reduce bone resorption. We studied the transplacental effects of two bisphosphonates on the fetal skeleton in rats. Pregnant rats were treated during days 11-20 of pregnancy with daily subcutaneous injections of 0.1 mg/kg of alendronate or a newly synthesized bisphosphonate, VS-b6. This period of pregnancy was chosen because the active development of bones from mesenchyme through cartilaginous models occurs during that time. Histological examination of midlongitudinal sections of the 21-day-old fetuses showed an increase in the amount of diaphyseal bone trabeculae with slight shortening of the diaphysis in the experimental fetuses, in comparison to controls. Computerized histomorphometric studies similarly showed an increase in the amount of diaphyseal bone trabeculae with a concomitant decrease in bone marrow volume, but no change in cartilage volume. In addition, chemical analysis of the fetal bones showed an increase in calcium content in the treated fetuses. 14C-alendronate was shown to pass through the rat placenta and accumulate in the fetuses, most probably in their bones. This is presumed because bisphosphonates are known to accumulate in bone, being stored there for long periods of time. It is important, in light of our results, to give careful consideration to the treatment of women with bisphosphonates at childbearing age, whenever this is needed.
De‐multiplexing free on‐chip low‐loss multimode switch enabling reconfigurable inter‐mode and inter‐path routing (2018)

Abstract Switching and routing are critical functionalities for a reconfigurable bandwidth‐dense optical network, and great efforts had been made to accommodate mode‐division multiplexing technology. Although the reconfigurable routing for spatial‐mode groups between different optical paths was realized recently, a demultiplexing‐switching‐multiplexing process is necessary. Here we present a simplified and compact on‐chip 2×2 multimode switch that can be easily upgradable to a larger scale. Fully and reconfigurable routing between not only optical paths but also spatial modes is achieved. To obtain a low loss multimode processing, a novel structure free from demultiplexing and re‐multiplexing operations is adopted. The switch enables minimum and maximum insertion losses of 0.3 and 1.2 dB, with a compact footprint of 433 μm×433 μm and low crosstalk of &lt;−16.6 dB for all channels. It is further extended to two types of 4×4 switch fabrics with cross‐bar and ring‐bus architectures, as demonstrations of high‐level integration. System characterization with 32 Gb/s high‐speed modulated signals is also carried out, reaching up to 256 Gb/s aggregate throughput. These results verify a general solution of 2×2 multimode switch for reconfigurable inter‐mode and inter‐path routing applicable in large‐scale and high‐density multimode optical network.
Figure S9 from Combination Therapy with Bispecific Antibodies and PD-1 Blockade Enhances the Antitumor Potency of T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;. Effect of cPD-1 and T cells purified from PBMCs on single spheroids of MDA-MB-231 stimulated (A) or not (B) with IFN-gamma in the presence and absence of (E1)-3s&lt;/p&gt;
Routine CSF Analysis in Coccidioidomycosis Is Not Required (2013)

Although routinely done, there has been no evaluation of the utility of performing routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination in patients with active coccidioidomycosis and high complement fixation (IgG) antibody titers or other risk factors for disseminated infection. In our review 100% of patients diagnosed with coccidioidal meningitis had at least one sign or symptom consistent with infection of the central nervous system, headache was present in 100% of those with meningitis, while no patients without signs/symptoms of CNS infection were found to have coccidioidal meningitis, irrespective of antibody titers or other risk factors. Thus routine lumbar puncture may be unnecessary for patients with coccidioidomycosis who lack suggestive clinical symptoms.
Myosin light chain 3f attenuates age‐induced decline in contractile velocity in MHC type II single muscle fibers (2011)

Summary Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and impaired contractility (e.g., decline in force, velocity, and power). Although the slowing of contraction speed in aging muscle is well described, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the decrement in speed are unknown. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms are the primary molecules determining contractile velocity; however, the contraction speed of single fibers within a given MHC isoform type is variable. Recent evidence proposes that the decline in shortening velocity (Vo) with aging is associated with a decrease in the relative content of essential myosin light chain 3f (MLC 3f ) isoform. In the current study, we first evaluated the relative content of MLC 3f isoform and Vo in adult and old rats. We then used recombinant adenovirus (rAd) gene transfer technology to increase MLC 3f protein content in the MHC type II semimembranosus muscle (SM). We hypothesized that (i) aging would decrease the relative MLC 3f content and Vo in type II fibers, and (ii) increasing the MLC 3f content would restore the age‐induced decline in Vo. We found that there was an age‐related decrement in relative MLC 3f content and Vo in MHC type II fibers. Increasing MLC 3f content, as indicated by greater % MLC 3f and MLC 3f /MLC 2f ratio, provided significant protection against age‐induced decline in Vo without influencing fiber diameter, force generation, MHC isoform distribution, or causing cellular damage. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data to demonstrate positive effects of MLC 3f against slowing of contractile function in aged skeletal muscle.
An l‐shaped 4‐element monopole MIMO antenna system with enhanced isolation for mobile applications (2016)

ABSTRACT In this work, a 4‐element wideband printed modified monopole based multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed design is compact, low profile, and suitable to be used for wireless handheld devices in 3G and 4G LTE bands. The covered measured frequencies lie between 2017 and 2265 MHz. The proposed design is evaluated for MIMO performance metrics. A defected ground structure that is based on a combination of an array of vertical slots and one circular slot is used to enhance the isolation. The envelope correlation coefficient was &lt;0.1889. The MIMO antenna system is built on a double layer FR‐4 substrate with height of 0.8mm and dielectric constant of 4.4. The total size of the design is 100 × 60 × 0.8 mm 3 . Good agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2587–2591, 2016
35 kW peak power picosecond pulsed thulium-doped fibre amplifier system seeded by a gain-switched laser diode at 2 &#x03BC;m (2013)

High power fibre laser sources in the 2 μm wavelength region with picosecond-scale pulse durations have attractive applications such as materials processing, eye-safe radar and nonlinear frequency conversion to mid-infrared wavelengths. Current implementations are typically based on the amplification of picosecond pulses obtained from a mode-locked oscillator, and pulse energies of several hundred nano-Joule and peak powers of the order of 10 kW have been achieved [1, 2].
Novel diatom-FeO x composite as highly active catalyst in photodegradation of Rhodamine-6G (2018)

Abstract We report the study of nanoporous silica-iron oxide composite generated from diatom frustules as a highly active catalyst for the photodegradation of the dye Rhodamine-6G. The unique architecture and high surface area of diatoms were utilized to immobilize iron oxide on their surface to form the composite. Photodegradation was carried out under 365-nm radiation and was observed using the absorption spectrum of the dye. The reaction was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results were compared with commercially available granular iron oxide. The rate constant K (min −1 ) for photodegradation by the diatom composite was found to be as high as 0.0584 min −1 for diatom-FeO x composites, which is 52% higher than 0.0273 min −1 for granular FeO x at a dye concentration of 0.02 m m . The unique structural morphology and the synthetic strategy have led to the composites showing superior activity in the degradation of the dye Rhodamine-6G.
Three-dimensional acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging of human prostates in vivo (2008)

We are investigating utilizing ARFI imaging to guide prostate needle biopsy. Our previous ex vivo study demonstrated that ARFI imaging using a VF10-5 linear array was able to visualize the internal anatomy and suspicious lesions in the prostate, which may help improve the diagnostic accuracy of prostate needle biopsy. The objective of this study is to implement ARFI techniques on a 3D wobbler rectal probe and image human prostates <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vivo</i> . Three patients were imaged. The initial in vivo results are reported.
DCLK1 Monoclonal Antibody-Based CAR-T Cells as a Novel Treatment Strategy against Human Colorectal Cancers (2019)

CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cells) immunotherapy is effective in many hematological cancers; however, efficacy in solid tumors is disappointing. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) labels tumor stem cells (TSCs) in genetic mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we describe a novel CAR-T targeting DCLK1 (CBT-511; with our proprietary DCLK1 single-chain antibody variable fragment) as a treatment strategy to eradicate CRC TSCs. The cell surface expression of DCLK1 and cytotoxicity of CBT-511 were assessed in CRC cells (HT29, HCT116, and LoVo). LoVo-derived tumor xenografts in NOD Scid gamma (NSG<sup>TM</sup>)mice were treated with CBT-511 or mock CAR-T cells. Adherent CRC cells express surface DCLK1 (two-dimensional, 2D). A 4.5-fold increase in surface DCLK1 was observed when HT29 cells were grown as spheroids (three-dimensional, 3D). CBT-511 induced cytotoxicity (2D; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), and increased Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release in CRC cells (2D) compared to mock CAR-T (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Moreover, an even greater increase in IFN-γ release was observed when cells were grown in 3D. CBT-511 reduced tumor growth by approximately 50 percent compared to mock CAR-T. These data suggest that CRC cells with increased clonogenic capacity express increased surface DCLK1. A DCLK1-targeted CAR-T can induce cytotoxicity in vitro and inhibit xenograft growth in vivo.
NUMERICAL COMPUTATION USING FINITE ELEMENTS FOR THE MOVING INTERFACE IN HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEMS WITH PHASE TRANSFORMATION (1983)

Abstract A numerical method involving finite elements is presented for the solution of multidimensional problems of heat transfer with phase transformation. Specific to the method is that both the energy equation in the media and the energy equation on the change of phase interface are regarded as independent governing equations which, when solved through the use of a finite-element formulation, yield the temperature distribution in the media as well as the continuous displacement of the interface. Specific examples illustrate the ability of the method to handle problems with arbitrary boundary conditions which result in irregular two-dimensional shapes of the change of phase interface.
Liposome formation of selectively‐polymerized diene‐containing phospholipids and their postpolymerization (1990)

Abstract Small and large unilamellar liposomes composed of 1,2‐bis(2,4‐octadecadienoyl)‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylcholine (DODPC) are prepared by sonication and extrusion, respectively. They are polymerized with water‐insoluble radical initiator, azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) which can selectively polymerize diene groups in 1‐acyl chains of the lipids. Polymerized liposomes are freeze‐dried to obtain the polymerized liposome powder. There are two methods to redisperse lyophilized liposomes into water. The extrusion is an effective method to disperse them because the energy at extrusion is necessary only for redispersion, whereas the excess energy at sonication gives damage on liposome structure. There is no difference in stability between polymerized liposomes before and after redispersion with extrusion. DODPC polymers, obtained from free radical‐initiated polymerization with AIBN, are linear and have polymerizable diene groups in 2‐acyl chains. The liposome powder is therefore soluble in organic solvents. Reconstruction of polymerized liposomes is performed with lipid polymers having low or high molecular weight. The lipid polymers having high molecular weight provide stable large unilamellar liposomes by ethanol injection, but unstable small unilamellar liposomes are formed by sonication. The liposomes reconstructed from lipid polymers having low molecular weight are unstable regardless of their size. After reconstruction of liposomes selectively polymerized by AIBN, diene groups in 2‐acyl chains are polymerized by water‐soluble radical initiator or UV‐irradiation to yield highly crosslinked structure. Their stability is improved remarkably by this postpolymerization.