gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biotransformation of the Antimelanoma Agent Betulinic Acid by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 13368 (2000)

Microbial transformation of the antimelanoma agent betulinic acid was studied. The main objective of this study was to utilize microorganisms as in vitro models to predict and prepare potential mammalian metabolites of this compound. Preparative-scale biotransformation with resting-cell suspensions of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 13368 resulted in the production of four metabolites, which were identified as 3-oxo-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, 3-oxo-11alpha-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, 1beta-hydroxy-3-oxo-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, and 3beta,7beta, 15alpha-trihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid based on nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectral analyses. In addition, the antimelanoma activities of these metabolites were evaluated with two human melanoma cell lines, Mel-1 (lymph node) and Mel-2 (pleural fluid).
ChemInform Abstract: MICROBIOLOGICAL HYDROXYLATION OF STEROIDS PART 8, THE PATTERN OF MONOHYDROXYLATION OF DIKETONES AND KETO‐ALKOHOLS DERIVED FROM 5ALPHA‐ANDROSTANE WITH CULTURES OF THE FUNGUS RHIZOPUS NIGRICANS (1973)

Abstract Diketone bzw. Ketoalkohole von Soz‐Androstan mit je einem O‐Substituenten im Ring A und Ring Dwerden bevorzugt in 11‐ oder 7‐Stellung hydroxyliert.
A practical guide to flicker measurement: using the flicker-matching technique (1986)

Abstract We have developed an empirical technique for measuring perceived flicker on refresh displays. This technique is based in vision science, is technology independent and has proved to be a useful tool in display development and product assurance. It has been used to evaluate a large number of displays varying in size, luminance, refresh rate, phosphor decay and colour. In this paper we describe the flicker-matching technique (FMT) and provide detailed information on its operation. In the IBM flicker-matching technique, observers of known flicker sensitivity compare the amount of flicker on the display to the amount of flicker on a standard light. The temporal frequency of the standard light is then varied until the display and light appear to flicker equally. We measure this ‘matching frequency’ at three levels of display contrast. In the ‘standard test’ version of this technique, we distil a figure of merit for each display based on the performance of observers in the top 5 per cent of the population. This figure of merit corresponds well with field reports and success in receiving a ‘safety label’ from the German TCA (Berufsgenossenschaft).
Informed multi-process prefetching and caching (1997)

Informed prefetching and caching based on application disclosure of future I/O accesses (hints) can dramatically reduce the execution time of I/O-intensive applications. A recent study showed that, in the context of a single hinting application, prefetching and caching algorithms should adapt to the dynamic load on the disks to obtain the best performance. In this paper, we show how to incorporate adaptivity to disk load into the TIP2 system, which uses cost-benefit analysis to allocate global resources among multiple processes. We compare the resulting system, which we call TIPTOE (TIP with Temporal Overload Estimators) to Cao et al's LRU-SP allocation scheme, also modified to include adaptive prefetching. Using disk-accurate trace-driven simulation we show that, averaged over eleven experiments involving pairs of hinting applications, and with data striped over one to ten disks, TIPTOE delivers 7% lower execution time than LRU-SP. Where the computation and I/O demands of each experiment are closely matched, in a two-disk array, TIPTOE delivers 18% lower execution time.
Absence of KMT2D/MLL2 mutations in abdominal paraganglioma (2015)

Table S1. Clinical details of the 13 PGLs included in the study, with their KMT2D expressional results from qRT-PCR, copy number and immunohistochemical analyses. Table S2. Summary of the 13 non-synonymous exclusively somatic mutations identified in 3 PGLs via whole-exome sequencing. The previously known constitutional SDHB mutation of case 3 is not shown. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Model of a Hollow Cathode Insert Plasma (2004)

A 2-D axisymmetric fluid model of the plasma in the insert region of a hollow cathode is presented. The level of sophistication included in the model is motivated in part by the need to determine quantitatively plasma fluxes to the emitter surface. The ultimate goal is to assess whether plasma effects can degrade the life of impregnated inserts beyond those documented throughout the 30-50 year history of vacuum cathode technologies. Results from simulations of a 1.2-cm diameter cathode operating at a discharge current of 25 A, and a gas flow rate of 5 sccm, suggest that approximately 10 A of electron current, and 3.5 A of ion current return to the emitter surface. The total emitted electron current computed by the model is about 35 A. Comparisons with plasma measurements suggest that anomalous heating of the plasma due to two-stream instabilities is possible near the orifice region. Solution to the heavy species energy equation, with classical transport and no viscous effects, predicts heavy species temperatures as high as 2640 K.
Influence of the Femtosecond Laser Induced Loss on the Type II Phase-Shifted FBG Passband (2018)

During the inscription of Type II Bragg gratings a certain amount of optical loss is induced in the fiber. For Type II phase-shifted gratings, this broadband loss imposes strong restrictions on the grating passband.
The effects of seam design on airbag induced skin abrasions from high-rate shear loading (2003)

Approximately 66% of all airbag deployments in the United States result in at least one skin injury, with 47% of these skin injuries attributed directly to the airbag deployment. In order to reduce this injury risk, the purpose of the study was to evaluate risk of skin abrasions from various airbag seam designs using a new shear methodology. The high-rate shear loading was performed with pneumatic impactor that propelled a section of airbag fabric across porcine skin at 85 m/s in order to simulate the interaction of the seam across the forearm during an airbag deployment. A total of 27 tests (3 control and 24 with fabric) were performed with 8 different seam designs. A 40 cm by 10 cm section of airbag fabric with each seam was forced across a 5 cm by 5 cm of porcine skin that was acquired within two hours post-mortem. A new skin injury scaling system, the total abrasion score, was created that quantifies the relative volume of skin removed by using cross-section histology slides to examine the depth and width of the abrasion for the entire sample. No abrasions were observed in the 3 control tests, but abrasions were observed in all 24 of the tests with airbag fabric. The abrasions ranged from minor removal of epidermal tissue to more severe abrasions into the subcutaneous level. The photographic images indicated that the tissue transfer occurred primarily on the seam portion of the fabric samples. Statistical analysis revealed that the unturned sewn seam orientation resulted in significantly more severe abrasions than the woven unturned seam orientation (p = 0.01). In addition, this system and results illustrate that shear loading should be considered in addition to normal loading, and that severe abrasions can be caused by normal pressures well below the 1.75 MPa injury threshold previously published. For the covering abstract see E135170.
Design of a test bench for a lateral stator electrical machine (2011)

In a previous study, lateral stator electrical machines have been proposed for micro-machining applications where the space in the tool head is limited. In this paper, the construction of a lateral stator machine merged into a test bench is described. The test bench is used for measuring the standstill torque of the machine in a configuration without bearings, such that only the electromagnetic torque is measured. Moreover, the test bench can be modified to measure the no-load losses and separate mechanical and electromagnetic components of it using a novel method. Further separation of different components of electromagnetic no-load losses is also discussed. Although described on a lateral stator machine, the methodology in this paper can be applied to any electrical machine.
Sensitive assay and kinetic property of urinary inhibitor of Na+, K+-ATPase in sodium-loaded patients with essential hypertension. (1985)

A sensitive assay method to evaluate the inhibitor of Na+, K+-ATPase in human urine was developed by measuring the inorganic phosphate liberated from ATP in vitro using Na+, K+-ATPase from porcine cerebral cortex. Ouabain inhibited the Na+, K+-ATPase by competing with the potassium ion (an apparent Ki = 2.6 +/- 0.89 X 10(-8) M, n = 8) under the condition of 100 mM NaCl, 4.5 mM MgSO4 and 0.56 mM ATP. The apparent Km value of KCl was 0.4 mM. Factors inhibiting Na+, K+-ATPase were detected in the post-salt fraction on Sephadex G-15 chromatography following the ethanol extraction of lyophilized fresh urine of sodium loaded human subjects (300 meq Na+/day, for 4 days) with essential hypertension. Two active fractions around the 400 daltons following salt were eluted on Sephadex G-15 chromatography. The slower eluted factor competed kinetically with potassium ion, but the inhibitory activity was lost within two days during storage at 4 degrees C. The faster-eluted inhibitor lost its activity within a day. These results indicate that the unstable inhibiting factors of Na+, K+-ATPase exist in human urine and one of these factors inhibits ouabain sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase by binding to the potassium binding site (or very close to it), which exists at the outer surface of the cell membrane of this enzyme.
PILOT EVALUATION OF A NEW SYSTEM ALLOWING INTRADUCTAL EXCHANGE OF CATHETERS OVER A GUIDE WIRE DURING ERCP (2004)

Purpose: exchange of devices over a guide wire during ERCP is time consuming and increases fluoroscopic exposure. Moreover, when implants have to be left in place, the access to the bile ducts is lost after their release. Methods: We prospectively evaluated a new system of ERCP devices (Wilson-Cook Medical Inc., Winston-Salem, USA) having a side hole in the guide wire channel located at 6 cm from the tip of the catheters and allowing to proceed with an intraductal exchange (IDE) of the catheters without the need of pulling it back over the wire. Over a one month period, 42 patients (median age: 57, range 31–93, 15 M/27 F) with biliary indications for therapeutic ERCP (16 CBD stones, 18 CBD strictures (7 malignant, 8 benign and 3 undetermined), 6 hilar malignant strictures and 2 chronic pancreatitis associated stenoses) were treated in 3 centers. Results: Selective cannulation was successful in all but 2 cases, in which it had to be performed with standard instruments. The techniques performed included EST (N = 30), stones extraction (N = 18), dilations (N = 10), stenting (N = 24) and brush cytology (N = 6). IDE was planned in 40/42 patients. It failed in 4 patients having hilum tumors (N = 3) and/or strictures too difficult to pass (N = 3) and requiring special catheters and/or the help of a GI assistant. In the 36 remaining patients, a total of 71 IDEs have been successfully performed (median 2, range 1–6). Conclusions: This system was highly effective for proceeding to IDE, potentially saving time, and would deserve prospective comparison with the currently available material.
Light and complex 3D MoS2/graphene heterostructures as efficient catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (2020)

Multi-component 3D porous structures are highly promising hierarchical materials for numerous applications. Herein we show that atomic-layer deposition (ALD) of MoS<sub>2</sub> on graphene foams with variable pore size is a promising methodology to prepare complex 3D heterostructures to be used as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The effect of MoS<sub>2</sub> crystallinity is studied and a trade-off between the high density of defects naturally presented in amorphous MoS<sub>2</sub> coatings and the highly crystalline phase obtained after annealing at 800 °C is established. Specifically, an optimal annealing at 500 °C is shown to yield improved catalytic performance with an overpotential of 180 mV, a low Tafel slope of 47 mV dec<sup>-1</sup>, and a high exchange current of 17 μA cm<sup>-2</sup>. The ALD deposition is highly conformal, and thus advantageous when coating 3D porous structures with small pore sizes, as required for real-world applications. This approach is enabled by conformal thin film deposition on porous structures with controlled crystallinity by tuning the annealing temperature. The results presented here therefore serve as an effective and general platform for the design of chemically and structurally tunable, binder-free, complex, lightweight, and highly efficient 3D porous heterostructures to be used for catalysis, energy storage, composite materials, sensors, water treatment, and more.
The mRNA-binding Protein TTP/ZFP36 in Hepatocarcinogenesis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2019)

Hepatic lipid deposition and inflammation represent risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mRNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP, gene name <i>ZFP36</i>) has been suggested as a tumor suppressor in several malignancies, but it increases insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of TTP in hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC progression. Employing liver-specific TTP-knockout (ls<i>Ttp</i>-KO) mice in the diethylnitrosamine (DEN) hepatocarcinogenesis model, we observed a significantly reduced tumor burden compared to wild-type animals. Upon short-term DEN treatment, modelling early inflammatory processes in hepatocarcinogenesis, ls<i>Ttp</i>-KO mice exhibited a reduced monocyte/macrophage ratio as compared to wild-type mice. While short-term DEN strongly induced an abundance of saturated and poly-unsaturated hepatic fatty acids, ls<i>Ttp</i>-KO mice did not show these changes. These findings suggested anti-carcinogenic actions of TTP deletion due to effects on inflammation and metabolism. Interestingly, though, investigating effects of TTP on different hallmarks of cancer suggested tumor-suppressing actions: TTP inhibited proliferation, attenuated migration, and slightly increased chemosensitivity. In line with a tumor-suppressing activity, we observed a reduced expression of several oncogenes in TTP-overexpressing cells. Accordingly, <i>ZFP36</i> expression was downregulated in tumor tissues in three large human data sets. Taken together, this study suggests that hepatocytic TTP promotes hepatocarcinogenesis, while it shows tumor-suppressive actions during hepatic tumor progression.
Structure of benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione (1982)

C18H1002, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 10.918(1), b = 11.369(1),c = 19.850(1)A,/~= 97.224(7) ° , U = 2444.4A 3, Z = 8, D,n = 1.41 (2), D c = 1.403Mg m -3, F(000) = 1072, 2(CuKa) = 1.5418/~, ~t = 0.742 mm -1.2253 reflections were measured, of which 1039 had significant intensities.Refinement converged to a final R of 0.045.The molecule is approximately planar.Ring C is significantly non-delocalized.Bonds C(3)-C(4) and C(5)-C(6) are short, and indicate pronounced olefinic character for these bonds.
Phonological patterns in Mandarin–English bilingual children (2010)

Adele Miccio recognized the paucity of information on the phonological development of children from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, and emphasized the need to apply advances in bilingual phonological research toward an appropriate phonological measure for bilingual children. In the spirit of her pioneering work, the present study investigated both Mandarin and English phonological patterns in typically-developing 5-year-old bilingual children in an English-immersion programme in Taiwan. Consonant and vowel accuracy, number and types of phonological processes, and Mandarin-influenced English patterns were assessed on a single-word assessment in each language. Results indicated comparable levels of phoneme accuracy and similar rates and types of phonological processes for bilinguals and their monolingual counterparts. A number of English phonological processes for bilinguals, however, suggested a possible Mandarin influence. The present results reiterate Dr Miccio's call for interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance one's understanding of bilingual language development, to advance successful intervention for bilingual children.
Experimental evaluation of advanced beam tracking with CSI acquisition for 5G radio access (2017)

This paper presents indoor and outdoor experimental results on 4-by-8 single-user (SU)-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing based on 730.5 MHz bandwidth transmission when applying carrier aggregation (CA) with 8 component carriers (CCs) in a 15 GHz frequency band in the downlink of 5G cellular radio access. Beam tracking with massive MIMO is implemented in a 5G testbed to support user mobility with a narrow beam. In addition, channel state information (CSI) acquisition functionality is implemented for the scheduler to select appropriate beams. Experimental results in an indoor multi-path rich environment show the gain up to 34 % with CSI acquisition compared to the case of without CSI acquisition in a line-of-sight (LoS) environment with high rank MIMO transmission. The results also show the gain up to 55 % with CSI acquisition compared to the case of without CSI acquisition in LoS conditions due to reflections by buildings.
Nanoparticle generation inside Ag-doped LBG glass by femtosecond laser irradiation (2016)

Precipitation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can occur in a silver-doped lanthanum borogermanate glass matrix, either under thermal annealing or femtosecond direct laser writing (DLW). Macroscopic transmission and localized µ-fluorescence emission spectra provide typical plasmon resonance behavior of Ag-NPs. Annealing leads to the spatially random homogeneous creation of small NPs at low concentrations, while DLW shows higher and broader plasmon peaks, proving highly concentrated 3D localized structured NPs. DLW at high fluencies shows photo-induced dichroism, potentially giving access to 3D dichroic photonic responses.
Titanium diffusion and residual stress of platinum thin films on Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrate (2005)

The residual stresses of Pt thin films deposited on Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrate and annealed at different temperatures in air were quantified by x-ray-diffraction method. A grazing-incidence x-ray-diffraction technique was applied to effectively investigate the diffusion and oxidation of Ti. The surface morphology of the Pt film was examined with field-emission scanning electron microscopy. TiO2 phase was detected on the surface of the Pt thin film after the annealing process, indicating strong diffusion and oxidation of Ti through the Pt layer. The dependence of the residual stress on annealing temperature was strongly related to the diffusion and oxidation of Ti, which generally increased the compressive stress, probably due to the associated volume expansion. However, stress release happened when the stress reached a certain high level. The diffusion and oxidation of Ti also resulted in serious hillock formation on the surface of the Pt film. The effects of Pt deposition temperature on the residual stress and Ti diffusion are also discussed.
Recessed 0.25 µm gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs onSiC with high gate-drainbreakdown voltage using ICP-RIE (2001)

Using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE), recessed 0.25 µm gate-length AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been fabricated. A post-etch anneal eliminated the plasma-induced damage resulting in an improvement of the gate-drain breakdown voltage from –27 V for the as-etched to over –90 V for the annealed devices. The gate leakage current reduced from 91 to 4 µA at Vgd = –25 V, after annealing. These devices exhibited maximum drain current density of 770 mA/mm, unity gain cutoff frequency (fT) of 48 GHz, and maximum frequency of oscillation (fmax) of 108 GHz.
MicroRNA dysregulation and esophageal cancer development depend on the extent of zinc dietary deficiency (2016)

Zinc deficiency (ZD) increases the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and marginal ZD is prevalent in humans. In rats, marked-ZD (3 mg Zn/kg diet) induces a proliferative esophagus with a 5-microRNA signature (miR-31, -223, -21, -146b, -146a) and promotes ESCC. Here we report that moderate and mild-ZD (6 and 12 mg Zn/kg diet) also induced esophageal hyperplasia, albeit less pronounced than induced by marked-ZD, with a 2-microRNA signature (miR-31, -146a). On exposure to an environmental carcinogen, ~16% of moderate/mild-ZD rats developed ESCC, a cancer incidence significantly greater than for Zn-sufficient rats (0%) (P ≤ 0.05), but lower than marked-ZD rats (68%) (P < 0.001). Importantly, the high ESCC, marked-ZD esophagus had a 15-microRNA signature, resembling the human ESCC miRNAome, with miR-223, miR-21, and miR-31 as the top-up-regulated species. This signature discriminated it from the low ESCC, moderate/mild-ZD esophagus, with a 2-microRNA signature (miR-31, miR-223). Additionally, Fbxw7, Pdcd4, and Stk40 (tumor-suppressor targets of miR-223, -21, and -31) were downregulated in marked-ZD cohort. Bioinformatics analysis predicted functional relationships of the 3 tumor-suppressors with other cancer-related genes. Thus, microRNA dysregulation and ESCC progression depend on the extent of dietary Zn deficiency. Our findings suggest that even moderate ZD may promote esophageal cancer and dietary Zn has preventive properties against ESCC. Additionally, the deficiency-associated miR-223, miR-21, and miR-31 may be useful therapeutic targets in ESCC.
Sonochemistry under an Applied Magnetic Field:  Determining the Shape of a Magnetic Particle (1998)

The sonochemical irradiation of Fe(CO)5 solution in Decalin has been carried out with and without an external magnetic field. Direct TEM measurements reveal that the sample obtained without a magnetic field consists of spongelike particles with a mean size of about 25 nm, whereas the sample synthesized in a 7 kG magnetic field consists of highly acicular particles of 50 nm in length and 5 nm in width. Our finding sheds light on the process of particle nucleation during sonication, which cannot be a diffusion-assisted growth because of the very small time scale. We conclude, therefore, that particles are forced to form an acicular entity by direct magnetic interactions. The amorphous nature of the as-prepared substance was verified by X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The magnetic moment vs temperature measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy reveal a large shift of the blocking temperature of about 70 K toward higher temperatures for the sample obtained in magnetic field. We attribute the observed shift to the significant enhancement of the particle shape magnetic anisotropy.