gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Urinary Metabolites Optimized for the Analytical-Scale Molecular Profiling Laboratory (2019)

Annotation and identification of metabolite biomarkers is critical for their biological interpretation in metabolic phenotyping studies, presenting a significant bottleneck in the successful implementation of untargeted metabolomics. Here, a systematic multistep protocol was developed for the purification and de novo structural elucidation of urinary metabolites. The protocol is most suited for instances where structure elucidation and metabolite annotation are critical for the downstream biological interpretation of metabolic phenotyping studies. First, a bulk urine pool was desalted using ion-exchange resins enabling large-scale fractionation using precise iterations of analytical scale chromatography. Primary urine fractions were collected and assembled into a "fraction bank" suitable for long-term laboratory storage. Secondary and tertiary fractionations exploited differences in selectivity across a range of reversed-phase chemistries, achieving the purification of metabolites of interest yielding an amount of material suitable for chemical characterization. To exemplify the application of the systematic workflow in a diverse set of cases, four metabolites with a range of physicochemical properties were selected and purified from urine and subjected to chemical formula and structure elucidation by respective magnetic resonance mass spectrometry (MRMS) and NMR analyses. Their structures were fully assigned as tetrahydropentoxyline, indole-3-acetic-acid-<i>O</i>-glucuronide, <i>p</i>-cresol glucuronide, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide. Unused effluent was collected, dried, and returned to the fraction bank, demonstrating the viability of the system for repeat use in metabolite annotation with a high degree of efficiency.
Mechanical Interaction Between Synthetic Fiber and Cement Base Matrix in FRC Composites (1993)

Abstract : In cement-based materials, cement is usually employed to bind other materials together. Different interfaces are thus generated between various media in the resulted materials. It has been well recognized that the interfacial microstructure between cement binder and inclusions is of the greatest importance for the mechanical properties of the composite. Specifically, in fiber reinforced cementitious composites, the composite material properties are especially predominated by the fiber-cement interface due to its influence on the mechanical interactions between fibers and cement matrix. This report summarizes research investigations and findings of a study of the fiber-cement interfacial debond mode, namely strength-based or fracture- based debond modes, and on an issue of interfacial bond property control. These studies have been done with the help of fiber pull-out experiments using an MTS digitally controlled load frame and micromechanical modeling, accompanied by environmental scanning electron microscopy. We expect that such investigations will provide physical insights into the break-down processed occurring at the interphase levels of fiber reinforced cementitious composites. The knowledge, in turn, many serve to achieve fiber reinforced cementitious composites with higher performance.
Endothelial Expression of VCAM-1 in Experimental Crescentic Nephritis and Effect of Antibodies to Very Late Antigen-4 or VCAM-1 on Glomerular Injury (1999)

Abstract The migration of leukocytes into glomeruli in crescentic glomerulonephritis is fundamental to pathogenesis, and offers important therapeutic opportunities. We addressed the importance of VCAM-1, and its leukocyte ligand very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), in such leukocyte migration. In a rat model of nephrotoxic nephritis, glomerular expression of VCAM-1, studied by immunohistochemistry, was up-regulated by day 6 of nephritis. To quantify kidney endothelial VCAM-1 expression, a differential radiolabeled mAb technique was used, which demonstrated that protein expression was not up-regulated by day 2 of nephritis, but rose threefold between days 2 and 5, and remained elevated until at least day 28. An in vivo study was then performed, using blocking mAbs to either VCAM-1 or VLA-4, starting mAb treatment on the day prior to disease induction, and continuing until animals were sacrificed at day 7. mAbs to VLA-4 significantly attenuated renal injury (albuminuria, glomerular fibrinoid necrosis, and crescent formation), but mAbs to VCAM-1 had no significant effect. Surprisingly, the number of leukocytes within glomeruli was unaffected by anti-VLA-4 mAb therapy, despite the reduction in renal injury. Paradoxically, classical markers of macrophage activation were increased in the anti-VLA-4- and anti-VCAM-1-treated animals. This study demonstrates that kidney endothelial VCAM-1, in contrast to ICAM-1, is not up-regulated by day 2 of nephrotoxic nephritis, and plays little part in early leukocyte influx into glomeruli. However, VLA-4 is an important mediator of glomerular injury, operating after transendothelial leukocyte migration, and presumably binding to alternate ligands within the kidney.
DCC: A Tumor Suppressor Gene Expressed on the Cell Surface (1992)

The development of human cancer has been proposed to be a multistep process (Foulds 1957; Nowell 1986). Colorectal tumorigenesis provides an excellent model system to test this multistep hypothesis at the molecular level (Vogelstein et al. 1988). Colorectal tumors progress through a continuum of histopathologically identifiable stages, proceeding from normal epithelium, through benign tumors called adenomas, to the malignant stage known as carcinomas (Sugarbaker et al. 1985). Several genes have now been identified which are altered during this progression. They include an oncogene (Ki-ras) (Bos et al. 1987; Forrester et al. 1987) and three tumor suppressor genes (p53, DCC, and APC) (Baker et al. 1989; Fearon et al. 1990; Groden et al. 1991; Kinzler et al. 1991), which are mutated in a preferred order during tumor progression. The tumor suppressor gene DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma), located on the long arm of chromosome 18, encodes a cell-surface protein and is...
Effects of temperature fluctuation on highly dispersive photonic crystal fibers (2006)

Chromatic dispersion of highly dispersive photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is theoretically simulated and experimentally measured as a function of temperature. We have theoretically confirmed that PCFs designed at highly dispersive region show stronger temperature dependence than conventional telecommunication fibers and dispersion compensation fibers due to phase matching wavelength shift and large dispersion slope. For a fabricated highly dispersive PCF, the variation of the dispersion is measured to be around +0.28%∕°C from 21to80°C, and around +0.21%∕°C from 21to50°C at an optical wavelength around 1550nm.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Alkylative Lactonization and Carbocyclization. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Salt doping to improve thermoelectric power factor of organic nanocomposite thin films (2020)

Thermoelectric materials with a large Seebeck coefficient (<i>S</i>) and electrical conductivity (<i>σ</i>) are required to efficiently convert waste heat into electricity, but their interdependence makes simultaneously improving these variables immensely challenging. To address this problem, bilayers (BL) of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT), stabilized by KBr-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were deposited using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Doping PEDOT:PSS with KBr, prior to DWNT dispersion and LbL assembly, results in a six-fold improvement in electrical conductivity with little change in the Seebeck coefficient. A maximum power factor (PF = <i>S</i> <sup>2</sup> <i>σ</i>) of 626 ± 39 μW m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> is obtained from a 20 BL PDDA/PEDOT:PSS-DWNT film (∼46 nm thick), where PEDOT:PSS was doped with 3 mmol KBr. This large PF is due to the formation of a denser film containing a greater proportion of DWNT, which was influenced by the charge-screening effects imparted by the salt dopant that separates PSS from PEDOT. This study demonstrates a relatively simple strategy to significantly increase the thermoelectric performance of fully organic nanocomposites that are useful for low temperature thermoelectric devices.
Recovery of the Cr(CO)3 unit in the removal of organic ligands from their chromium carbonyl complexes (1978)

A method is described for the removal of an organic ligand from its chromium carbonyl complex using pyridine (py) to give in high yields [(py)3Cr(CO)3]; the latter can be usefully recycled to make chromium carbonyl complexes.
Polarization-Mode-Dispersion Monitoring for Phase-Modulated Signals Using DGD-Generated Interferometric Filter (2008)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a chromatic-dispersion (CD)-insensitive polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) monitoring technique for phase-modulated signals utilizing the destructive response of a differential-group-delay (DGD)-generated interferometric filter. The detected radio-frequency (RF) power through this filter has a defined relationship to the accumulated DGD (i.e., first-order PMD), and thus the variations in power level of the low RF frequency are measured for monitoring. The experimental results show that this technique can monitor 0 ~ 100 ps of DGD with ~ 20-dB RF power variation, in 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) differential phase-shift-keying and 20-Gb/s NRZ differential quadrature phase-shift-keying systems, which is insensitive to 0 ~ 640 ps/nm CD. The applicability of this monitoring technique to higher bit-rate phase-modulated signals is also investigated via simulation.
Mesothelin-fc fusion protein detection using a novel microelectronic acoustic sensor platform (2007)

A26 Advances in the proteomics of cancer proliferation are yielding many new potential targets, or biomarkers, for identifying a malignancy at the earliest stages of development. These markers have been difficult to find as they exist in extremely low concentrations in circulating blood. In order to make use of these discoveries at a clinical level, ultra-sensitive biosensors exhibiting high degrees of specificity will be required to identify these proteins in clinical samples, such as patient blood plasma or serum. Further, a sensing technology that identifies a multi-protein signature is most likely to minimize false positives and false negatives. A sensor array incorporating these aspects could have an impact at multiple levels including early detection screening, post-therapy monitoring, as well as on the proteomic discovery process.  	The research presented here involves the development of such a tool and its application towards detecting mesothelin, a cell-surface protein that is highly expressed in mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and some other malignancies. The acoustic resonator array design consists of electrodes fabricated on the surface of a piezoelectric ZnO thin-film. To functionalize the resonators for mesothelin detection, MB Mabs were immobilized on the surface, which have an affinity for mesothelin at 0.6 nmol/L. The Mabs were bound to the surface using a thiol-terminated silane surface chemistry. Reference device arrays coated with anti-FITC antibodies, specific to a molecule not present in the analyte, were also prepared. The goal of the investigation was therefore to gauge the sensitivity of the sensors to the molecular binding of mesothelin. A total of n=16 mesothelin-targeted devices and n=16 reference devices were tested by exposing them to a 10 μg/ml solution of purified mesothelin-rfc protein in PBS buffer for 25 minutes. The devices were washed and the final operating frequencies were measured. The frequency shifts were then compared with the initial “unloaded” operating frequencies. The reference sensors showed a mean shift of 540 kHz while the mesothelin-coated sensors showed a mean shift of 1.25 MHz. ANOVA was performed on the results which indicate a statistically significant difference (p
Data Supplement from BET Protein Antagonist JQ1 Is Synergistically Lethal with FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) and Overcomes Resistance to FLT3-TKI in AML Cells Expressing FLT-ITD (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure Legends for Supplemental Data.&lt;/p&gt;
Multiplexed Two-color Phase-and-amplitude Characterization of Harmonic Up-conversion in OAM Beams using Ptychography (2018)

We present high-resolution, simultaneous two-color phase-and-amplitude characterization of 2nd harmonic up-conversion in OAM beams by ptychography. We measure topological charge conservation during 2nd harmonic generation process, which can be extended to high-order harmonic upconversion.
[Vaccination against hepatitis B of Toulouse hospital personnel]. (1990)

An enquiry by self-filled questionnaire was conducted among 834 employees of the Toulouse Hospital Centre. The 79.6 percent answer rate obtained made it possible to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection (11.1 percent), the proportion of immunized subjects (42.5 percent) and their distribution among the different professional categories, and the proportion of accidents that could carry a risk infection (64.3 percent). At present, the protective measures are insufficiently known and applied. The information needed should be precise and up-to-date, covering the various aspects of hepatitis B infection; it should be provided before any occupational exposure and thereafter recalled during routine activities.
RELIABILITY OF THE FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY SCREEN ROTARY STABILITY TEST (2003)

The Functional Mobility Screen (FMS) is a tool increasingly used to identify movement deficits and asymmetries that may predispose athletes to non-contact injuries. It includes 7 ordinally scored tests and relies on operationally defined observations to rate performance from 3 (best) to 0 (worst). One of these tests is the Rotary Stability Test (RST) to assess multi-plane trunk stability during a combination of left and right upper and lower extremity movements. The subject is tested in a quadraped position and is asked to perform 4 combinations of ipsilateral and contralateral shoulder flexion and hip extension while maintaining lumbar control. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the RST as a prelude to its use as an outcome measure following therapeutic intervention. METHODS Six subjects (4 female, 2 male) with bilateral RST scores of 2 were randomly selected from a prescreened group of 65. Mean age was 25.3 years (+/−3.83). Kinematic data was collected using a 6 degree-of-freedom magnetic tracking system (Motion Monitor, Inc). Sensors were placed on the thorax, sacrum, and bilateral forearms and shanks. Subjects performed eight trials per day for three consecutive days using a 60 Hz metronome for timing cues. Tested variables included center-of-mass (COM) medial/lateral displacement, sacral rotation, lumbar extension, and bilateral hip and shoulder sagittal plane movements. Only 3 variables were available for analysis in all positions. Mean data from each day were used to compute reliability (ICC(3,1)). RESULTS All variables except lumbar extension, right shoulder extension, and left hip extension had an ICC > 0.7. CONCLUSION RST kinematic data appear to have acceptable reliability demonstrating minimal variability in subjects with a score of 2. Only 2 of 3 parameters available among all tasks appear to be reliable (COM medial/lateral displacement and sacral rotation). Therefore, these may be the most appropriate to focus on during RST scoring. Supported in part by Reebok, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 2‐(ALKYLTHIOMETHYL)ACRYLATES (1978)

Abstract Aus den Acrylphosphonaten (I) entstehen mit den Anionen (II) die Addukte (III), die mit den Aldehyden (IV) zu den Olefinen (V) führen.
Electrokinetic Manipulation Integrated Plasmonic–Photonic Hybrid Raman Nanosensors with Dually Enhanced Sensitivity (2017)

To detect biochemicals with ultrahigh sensitivity, efficiency, reproducibility, and specificity has been the holy grail in the development of nanosensors. In this work, we report an innovative type of photonic-plasmonic hybrid Raman nanosensor integrated with electrokinetic manipulation by rational design, which offers dual mechanisms that enhance the sensitivity for molecule detection directly in solution. For the first time, we integrate large arrays of synthesized plasmonic nanocapsules with densely surface distributed silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on lithographically patterned photonic crystal slabs via electric-field assembling. With the interdigital microelectrodes, the applied electric fields not only assemble the hybrid plasmonic nanocapsules on photonic crystal slabs, but also generate electrokinetic flows that focus analyte molecules to the Ag hot spots on the nanocapsules for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. The synergistic effects of plasmonic-photonic resonance and the electrokinetic molecular focusing can promote the SERS enhancement factor (EF) robustly to ∼2 × 10<sup>9</sup>. Various molecules including SERS probing molecules, nucleobases, and unsafe food additives can be detected directly from suspension. The innovative mechanism, design, and fabrication reported in this work can inspire a new paradigm for achieving high-performance Raman nanosensors, which is pivotal for lab-on-chip disease diagnosis and environmental protection.
Joint-Mapping Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing With Subcarrier Number Modulation (2021)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with subcarrier number modulation (OFDM-SNM) has been recently proposed to improve the spectral efficiency (SE) of the traditional OFDM system. In this paper, we propose a joint-mapping OFDM-SNM (JM-OFDM-SNM) scheme to transmit the signal vector with a constant length of information bits by jointly considering the subcarrier activation patterns and constellation symbols. A low-complexity detection scheme based on log-likelihood ratio criterion is proposed to relieve the high computational complexity of the maximum-likelihood detection at the cost of a negligible performance loss. Upper-bounded bit error rate (BER) and lower-bounded achievable rate are both derived in closed-form to evaluate the performance of JM-OFDM-SNM. To suit different application scenarios, we further propose two enhanced schemes, named adaptive JM-OFDM-SNM (AJM-OFDM-SNM) and JM-OFDM with in-phase/quadrature SNM (JM-OFDM-IQ-SNM), where the former adjusts the constellation orders for different numbers of active subcarriers, and the latter extends the indexing to in-phase and quadrature domains. Simulation results corroborate the tightness of the derived BER expression in the high signal-to-noise ratio region and show that (A)JM-OFDM-SNM improves the performance of OFDM-SNM, while both AJM-OFDM-SNM and JM-OFDM-IQ-SNM schemes perform better than JM-OFDM-SNM at the same SE.
Gonadotropin-induced regulation of luteinizing hormone receptors and desensitization of testicular 3':5'-cyclic AMP and testosterone responses. (1977)

Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to male rats was followed by dose-related changes in luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors in the testis. After treatment with a low dose of hCG (10international units), the number of LH receptors increased slightly over the first 24 hr, then fell to about 30% of the control value. These changes occurred with occupancy of only 8% of the available receptors, and were initially accompanied by increased basal testosterone production in vitro with no change in basal 3'5'-cyclic AMP production. During stimulation with hCG in vitro, such testes showed a transient decrease in cyclic AMP response on the first day after gonadotropin treatment and no change in testosterone response. By contrast, a 20-fold higher dose of hCG caused more rapid and complete loss of LH receptors, with major and transient occupancy of receptors at 24 hr and marked elevations of basal cyclic AMP and testosterone production in vitro. The initial occupancy of receptors was accompanied by a rapid fall in the cyclic AMP response to hCG in vitro, and was followed by marked receptor loss and inhibition of the cyclic AMP response for up to 5 days. The testosterone response to hCG in vitro was completely inhibited for about 3 days, then rose to the control level at 5 days, when only a small proportion of the original receptor sites and cyclic AMP response had begun to return. Such complete recovery of the steroidogenic response when only a fraction of the receptor population had returned was consistent with the presence of receptor reserve or "spare" receptors in the testis. These studies have demonstrated that negative regulation of LH receptors by exogenous gonadotropin is accompanied by consequent changes in cyclic AMP and testosterone responses to hCG in vitro. Hormone induced desensitization of interstitial cell responses was initially related to occupancy of LH receptors and later to a protracted loss of receptor sites.
Positive Selection of a Pre-Expansion CAG Repeat of the Human SCA2 Gene (2005)

A region of approximately one megabase of human Chromosome 12 shows extensive linkage disequilibrium in Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe. This strikingly large linkage disequilibrium block was analyzed with statistical and experimental methods to determine whether natural selection could be implicated in shaping the current genome structure. Extended Haplotype Homozygosity and Relative Extended Haplotype Homozygosity analyses on this region mapped a core region of the strongest conserved haplotype to the exon 1 of the Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 gene (SCA2). Direct DNA sequencing of this region of the SCA2 gene revealed a significant association between a pre-expanded allele [(CAG)8CAA(CAG)4CAA(CAG)8] of CAG repeats within exon 1 and the selected haplotype of the SCA2 gene. A significantly negative Tajima's D value (-2.20, p < 0.01) on this site consistently suggested selection on the CAG repeat. This region was also investigated in the three other populations, none of which showed signs of selection. These results suggest that a recent positive selection of the pre-expansion SCA2 CAG repeat has occurred in Utah residents with European ancestry.
Process-induced positive charges in Hf-based gate stacks (2008)

Hf-based gate stacks will replace SiON as a gate dielectric even though our understanding of them is incomplete. For an unoptimized SiO2 layer, an exposure to H2 at a temperature over 450 °C can lead to positive charging. In this work, we will show that a thermal exposure of Hf-based gate stacks to H2 can also induce a large amount of positive charge (∼1013 cm−2). There is little information available on this process-induced positive charge (PIPC) and the objective of this work is to fill this knowledge gap. The work is divided into two parts: an investigation of the features and properties of PIPC, followed by an exploration of its dependence on process conditions. It will be shown that PIPC does not originate from the generation of interface states, is stable both thermally and electrically, and has a large sample-to-sample variation. It consists of two components: fixed and mobile. Regarding its dependence on process conditions, PIPC occurs in both HfO2 and Hf-silicate stacks, in devices with either TaN or poly-Si gates, and in both p metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMOSFETs) and nMOSFETs. PIPC is generally enhanced by nitridation, although it can also be observed in some Hf-based gate stacks without nitridation.
Membrane Development for Hybrid Sulfur Electrolysis and Oxygen Separation. (2007)

Abstract not provided.