gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Implantation of intraocular lenses in children]. (1990)

Implantation of intraocular lenses in children was performed in 42 cases in our department. In 26 children it concerned primary implants, in 16 secondary implants. No major postoperative complications were observed in the period between the 6th and the 24th month after surgery. The visual acuity of 0.5 or better showed 70 p.c. of children after the primary and 66 p.c. after secondary implants.
Quantitation of human melanoma, carcinoma and sarcoma tumor cell adhesion to lymphatic endothelium. (1990)

We have used an in vitro adhesion assay to study the interaction of tumor cells with lymphatic endothelium, a dynamic event that leads to tumor metastasis in vivo. 3H-thymidine-labeled human tumor cells from: one primary Ewing sarcoma, two established melanoma cell lines, two colon and two breast carcinomas (one established line and one primary culture of each) were added to 24-well culture dishes containing confluent monolayers of bovine lymphatic endothelium. Radioactivity associated with either the cells in suspension or the attached cells was assessed and compared at frequent intervals up to 360 minutes. Generally, tumor cell attachment increased as a function of time reaching a plateau between 180 and 360 minutes. the modular media system described here facilitates the primary and secondary culture (or co-culture) of a variety of normal and transformed cells. Primary cultures with a rounded morphology (one breast and one colon carcinoma) showed the lowest preferential attachment for lymphatic endothelium. All established cell lines and the primary Ewing sarcoma cell line displayed a more fibroblastic morphology and achieved the highest adhesion profiles. There was a correlation between the malignancy and attachment potential for the melanoma and breast carcinoma cell lines. Collectively, these data show that established tumor cell lines with fibroblastic-like morphology exhibit more rapid adhesion than primary tumor cell cultures with more rounded morphologies. While this property may reflect in vitro selection and/or adaptation, it does correlate with the metastatic propensity for some human tumor cells.
Performance of hybrid MMI-connectionist/HMM systems on the WSJ speech database (2002)

A hybrid MMI-connectionist/hidden Markov model (HMM) speech recognition system for the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) database is presented. The HMM part of this system uses discrete probability density functions (PDF). The neural network (NN) is used to replace a classical vector quantizer (VQ) like a k-means or LBG algorithm, which are typically used in discrete HMM systems. The NN is trained on an algorithm, that tries to achieve maximum mutual information (MMI) between the generated output labels and the underlying phonetic description. The system has been trained and tested with the five thousand word speaker independent WSJ task. The error rates of the MMI-connectionist approach are 21% lower than the error rates of a k-means system. The system achieves error rates which have been achieved before only by the best continuous/semi-continuous HMM speech recognizers, with the advantage of a faster recognition algorithm.
585. Improved Efficacy of DNA Vaccines for HIV and Smallpox Using Constant-Current Electroporation (2006)

Although DNA vaccines have proven to be highly immunogenic in small animal models, the same level of immunogenicity has yet to be seen in non-human primate models and more importantly in human clinical trials. Antibody responses induced by DNA immunization have been particularly weaker than expected based on the results from the mouse system. There are a number of approaches being pursued to address these problems, including the delivery of plasmids with electroporation. Numerous studies have outlined the effectiveness of electroporation for enhancing the uptake, and consequently, the expression of plasmids encoding antigens and therapeutic proteins. However, electroporation using constant-voltage does not measure tissue resistance and can cause damage in the surrounding tissue, resulting in tissue damage, inflammation and loss of plasmid expression. Improving the electroporation parameters is an important goal for improving the performance of DNA vaccine technology. We performed a pilot study in mice to compare the antibody responses to plasmid encoding smallpox antigens following intramuscular (IM) injection of 100 μg of plasmid alone versus IM injection followed by constant-current electroporation. Plasmid delivery with constant-current electroporation resulted in two- to five-fold stronger antibody responses as compared to IM injection alone and at DNA concentrations that were 20x less than the dose given by IM injection alone. Based on these results, we began a non-human primate study in which we examined the immunogenicity of HIV gag and env DNA cassettes using constant-current electroporation (n=3/group) compared to IM injection alone (n=2/group). Non-human primates were electroporated using the ADViSYS constant-current EKD system, at 0.6 Amps, 3 pulses, 52 msec/pulse, 1 sec between pulses. After only a single immunization, all three monkeys that had received the HIV antigens with constant-current electroporation had positive HIV gag and env ELISpot results. Only one of the two monkeys that had received the plasmids by IM injection alone made a positive response to HIV env. The average HIV gag ELISpot count for the electroporated group was 200 spots per million PBMCs. This is significant considering that the average ELISpot response for HIV gag is 300 spots per million PBMCs following 3 IM injections. The average HIV env ELISpot count was approximately 200 spots per million PBMCs. Cellular and humoral assays were also conducted. These results support that plasmid delivery with constant-current electroporation appears to increase the immune potency of DNA vaccines in non-human primates. These studies have important implications for human DNA vaccine development for both HIV vaccines as well as other vaccine platforms, including smallpox vaccines.
<title>Etching of copper at high rates via generation of volatile copper species</title> (1992)

Two approaches to etching of copper have been identified. The first approach involves generating various adducts of CuX where X = Cl or Br, LnCuX, where n = 1 or 2 and L is a Lewis base. Various compounds with general formula LnCuX have been identified where L = PMe3, PEt3, P(i-Pr)3, and PBU3. The second approach involves the reaction of Cu films with Cu(hfac)2 (where hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5- hexafluoroacetylacetonate) and various L to form two equivalents of (hfac)CuL. Various (hfac)CuL species have been identified where L = alkyne (2-butyne, bis-trimethylsilyl acetylene, pentyne), olefin (1,5-cylooctadiene, vinyltrimethylsilane) and PR3 (PMe3, PEt3). Spontaneous etching experiments have been carried out using copper films in a hot-wall reactor. Etch rates up to 1 pm/min have been achieved at temperatures below 150°C. The high etch rates are the result of the high vapor pressures of the LnCuX and (hfac)CuL which are on the order of 0.1 -1 Torr at 60-100°C. The application of these and other chemical approaches to plasma and laser etching of copper is under investigation.
The effect of protein a cycle number on the performance and lifetime of an anion exchange polishing step (2012)

Most mAb platform purification processes consist of an affinity capture step followed by one or two polishing steps. An understanding of the performance linkages between the unit operations can lead to robust manufacturing processes. In this study, a weak-partitioning anion-exchange chromatography polishing step used in a mAb purification process was characterized through high-throughput screening (HTS) experiments, small-scale experiments including a cycling study performed on qualified scale-down models, and large-scale manufacturing runs. When material from a Protein A column that had been cycled <10× was loaded on the AEX resin, early breakthrough of impurities and premature loss of capacity was observed. As the cycle number on the Protein A resin increased, the capacity of the subsequent AEX step increased. Different control strategies were considered for preventing impurity breakthrough and improving AEX resin lifetimes. Depth filtration of the Protein A peak pool significantly improved the AEX resin capacity, robustness, and lifetime. Further, the turbidity of the Protein A pool has the potential for use as an in-process control parameter for monitoring the performance of the AEX step.
2-(1-Adamantyl)-4-(thio)chromenone-6-carboxylic Acids:  Potent Reversible Inhibitors of Human Steroid Sulfatase (2004)

Steroid sulfatase (STS) is an attractive target for the potential therapy of a number of estrogen- and androgen-dependent disorders. Most potent STS inhibitors known so far act as irreversible enzyme blockers and feature an aryl sulfamate moiety; even minor modifications at the sulfamate group result in drastically decreased activity. On the basis of a recently reported subclass of highly potent STS inhibitors, i.e., chromenone sulfamates, we now extended the investigation of structure-activity relationships to hitherto unstudied sulfamate replacements. Thereby, we discovered 2-(1-adamantyl)-4-(thio)chromenone-6-carboxylic acids (5d and 5j) as potent, reversible inhibitors of STS. In a cell-free system using purified human STS, both new inhibitors show similar Ki values (0.50 microM and 0.53 microM, respectively). However, the thio analogue 5j is superior to 5d (IC50 = 0.18 microM versus 9.4 microM) in a cellular assay system using CHO cells overexpressing STS. Compound 5j is an example of a reversible STS inhibitor with potent activity toward the target enzyme in a cellular test system. Moreover, 5d,j are stable and have no estrogenic potential.
Hypotensive action of DuP 753, an angiotensin II antagonist, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists: X. (1990)

In conscious 18-21-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, DuP 753, a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, given orally at 3 and 10 mg/kg or intravenously at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, reduced blood pressure dose dependently. It did not alter heart rate at these doses. At 10 mg/kg i.v., DuP 753 decreased blood pressure significantly for at least 24 hours, suggesting a long duration of the antihypertensive effect. Unlike saralasin, DuP 753 did not cause a transient increase in blood pressure. The acute antihypertensive efficacy of DuP 753 was greater than that of captopril. Our data indicate that, for captopril to reduce blood pressure to a similar extent as that of DuP 753, it would need to be supplemented by a diuretic. DuP 753 did not have an acute diuretic effect. Bilateral nephrectomy, but not inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, abolished the antihypertensive effect of DuP 753, suggesting that the antihypertensive effect of DuP 753 is dependent on an active renin-angiotensin system. Furthermore, DuP 753 inhibited the pressor response to angiotensin II but not the responses to norepinephrine, vasopressin, and Bay K 8644 (a calcium agonist). As neither DuP 753 nor captopril decreased blood pressure acutely in Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats, our results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system plays a significant role in the control of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Isolation and characterization of Dehalococcoides sp. strain FL2, a trichloroethene (TCE)‐ and 1,2‐dichloroethene‐respiring anaerobe (2005)

A strictly anaerobic bacterium was isolated from tetrachloroethene (PCE)-to-ethene dechlorinating microcosms established with river sediment without prior exposure to chlorinated solvents. The isolation procedure included the addition of 2-bromoethanesulfonate to select against methanogenic archaea, >50 consecutive 1-2% (v/v) transfers to reduced mineral salts medium amended with trichloroethene (TCE), acetate, and hydrogen, the addition of ampicillin, and the dilution-to-extinction principle. Culture-dependent and 16S rRNA gene-targeted approaches suggested culture purity. Microscopic examination revealed a homogeneous culture of an organism with a distinct, disc-shaped morphology. The isolate shared >99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the Pinellas group of the Dehalococcoides cluster, and was designated Dehalococcoides sp. strain FL2. Strain FL2 could be propagated with TCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), or trans-DCE as the electron acceptors, acetate as the carbon source, and hydrogen as the electron donor in defined, completely synthetic medium. No other growth-supporting redox couples were identified. Trichloroethene, cis-DCE and trans-DCE were dechlorinated at rates of 27.5, 30.4 and 18.8 micromol l-1 day-1 respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a fluorescently labelled linear hybridization probe confirmed growth with these electron acceptors, and suggested that strain FL2 captures energy from both the TCE-to-cis-DCE and 1,2-DCE-to-VC dechlorination steps. Tetrachloroethene and vinyl chloride (VC) were slowly and cometabolically dechlorinated in the presence of a growth-supporting chloroethene, but ethene formation was incomplete, even after prolonged incubation. At room temperature, strain FL2 grew with a doubling time of 2.4 days, and yielded 166.1+/-10.2 mg of protein per mole of chloride released. In the presence of excess electron acceptor, strain FL2 consumed hydrogen to a concentration of 0.061+/-0.016 nM. Dechlorination ceased following the addition of 0.5 mM sulfite, whereas sulfate (10 mM) and nitrate (5 mM) had no inhibitory effects.
Comparison of direct rotational-motion measurements and array-derived rotations during a 3D seismic-exploration campagin - the Rot3D experiment (2018)

ISSN:1029-7006
Considerations for the Implementation of Clinically Derived Quality Control Procedures (1989)

Journal Article Considerations for the Implementation of Clinically Derived Quality Control Procedures Get access George S. Cembrowski, MD, PhD, George S. Cembrowski, MD, PhD Park Nicollet Medical Center, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Dr Cembrowski); Peninsula General Hospital and Department of Medical Technology, Salisbury State University, Salisbury, MD 21801 (Dr Carey). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Neill Carey, PhD R. Neill Carey, PhD Park Nicollet Medical Center, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Dr Cembrowski); Peninsula General Hospital and Department of Medical Technology, Salisbury State University, Salisbury, MD 21801 (Dr Carey). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laboratory Medicine, Volume 20, Issue 6, 1 June 1989, Pages 400–405, https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/20.6.400 Published: 01 June 1989
Supplementary Table 6 from Somatic Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations and Death of Cardiovascular Disease Causes among Cancer Survivors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 6: Cox regression analyses evaluating the effect of mosaic chromosomal alterations on the risk of death of cardiovascular disease causes, coronary artery disease causes, from cancer, and any cause of death by chemotherapy status&lt;/p&gt;
A Player and Coordinator: The Versatile Roles of Eosinophils in the Immune System (2016)

Eosinophils have traditionally been associated with allergic diseases and parasite infection. Research advances in the recent decades have brought evolutionary changes in our understanding of eosinophil biology and its roles in immunity. It is currently recognized that eosinophils play multiple roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. As effector cells in innate immunity, eosinophils exert a pro-inflammatory and destructive role in the Th2 immune response associated with allergic inflammation or parasite infection. Eosinophils can also be recruited by danger signals released by pathogen infections or tissue injury, inducing host defense against parasitic, fungal, bacterial or viral infection or promoting tissue repair and remodeling. Eosinophils also serve as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells in response to allergen challenge or helminth infection, and, meanwhile, are known to function as a versatile coordinator that actively regulates or interacts with various immune cells including T lymphocytes and dendritic cells. More roles of eosinophils implicated in immunity have been proposed including in immune homeostasis, allograft rejection, and anti-tumor immunity. Eosinophil interactions with structural cells are also implicated in the mechanisms in allergic inflammation and in Helicobacter pylori gastritis. These multifaceted roles of eosinophils as both players and coordinators in immune system are discussed in this review.
Some preliminary observations on the interrelations between two-tone suppression and combination-tone driving in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat (1976)

For units of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus in the cat—as for primary units—response to a best-frequency tone f1 can be markedly reduced when a higher-frequency suppressing tone f2 of equal or greater intensity is presented simultaneously at a frequency separation corresponding, in the present experiments, to an optimal distance on the basilar membrane of about 0.5–0.8 mm. More data are needed, but this distance does not seem to vary systematically with best frequency and may be related to critical bandwidth. In further preliminary experiments, we have compared unit response to the combination tone, 2f2−f3, formed when f1 is omitted and f3 is added above f2, with the unit’s response to a three-tone stimulus. The three-primary stimulus consists of tones with equispaced frequencies and controllable phase and amplitude relations. Primary tone f1 and combination tone 2f2−f3 coincide at best frequency, while f2 and f3 lie above the tuning curve. The comparison of response to 2f2−f3 ’’alone’’ and of response to the resultant of f1 and 2f2−f3, while f1 phase is varied, allow relative amplitudes to be calculated. They are such that f1 appears suppressed in amplitude by f2 and f3, while 2f2−f3 is correspondingly less than cancellation-tone estimates. For constant f2 level, 2f2−f3 amplitude reaches maximum when f3 amplitude almost equals f2 and decreases markedly as f3 amplitude exceeds f2. Lastly, when the combination tone resultant composed of 2f1−f2 and 3f2−2f3 lies at best frequency, variation in the phase of f1 produces a marked variation in rate of response to the resultant, appearing to parallel psychophysical results obtained by J. L. Goldstein [’’Aural combination tones,’’ in Frequency Analysis and Periodicity Detection in Hearing, edited by R. Plomp and G. F. Smoorenburg (Sijthoff, Leiden, Netherlands, 1969/1970)]. Subject Classification: [43]65.56, [43]65.42, [43]65.75.
Theoretical Study of Effective Exchange Integrals for Ferromagnetic Phenylenevinylene Polymers with Nitroxddes. Possibilities of Organic Ferro-or Ferri-Magnetic Solids (1996)

Abstract Molecular orbital calculations were carried out for pendant-type ferromagnetic phenylenevinylene pligomers with nitroxide groups in order to elucidate variations of the effective exchange integrals with oligomer size, conformational change and spin defects generated in the dehydrogenation process of NOH groups in the precursor oligomers. It was shown that the ferromagnetic effective exchange interactions between the nearest neighbor nitroxides are about 50–80 cm−1, but they decrease with the internal rotation and spin defect. The interchain interactions between the oligomers are antiferromagnetic, and therefore they should be controlled by introduction of spacer group, showing a possibility to obtain the high Tc organic ferrimagnet induced by one-electron transfer between the oligomer and spacer.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 4β‐Arylaminopodophyllotoxins: Synthesis of DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibitors (NPF and W‐68). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method for the rapid analysis of nitrate in drinking water (2013)

Excess of nutrient load can cause water eutrophication and be harmful to humans. While nitrogen is an important nutrient for crops, its introduction into the soil with fertilizers containing nitrate (NO3−) has been a major source of water pollution and monitoring NO3− has become necessary. In the present work, an ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed for the rapid quantification of NO3− in drinking water with reversed phase chromatography using a Waters Acquity BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.7 μm particle size) column and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in Single Ion Recording mode. The quality parameters of the developed method were established, obtaining a limit of detection of 0.02 μg L−1; linearity (r2 > 0.999) over a concentration range covering 3 orders of magnitude; high precision, with repeatability and reproducibility lower than 3% (n = 5) in terms of relative standard deviation when analyzing a standard (0.05 mg NO3− L−1) and unspiked drinking water samples with levels of NO3− of 1 μg L−1 (metropolitan water) and 3 mg L−1 (bottled water). These quality parameters show that the proposed method improves the performance of conventional analytical methods used for the analysis of NO3−. This method has been applied successfully for determination of NO3− in metropolitan and bottled water from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; a total of 25 samples have been analyzed where NO3− was found to be present from levels below the limit of detection to 6.49 mg L−1.