gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
223-LB: Beta-Cell Function but Not Insulin Sensitivity Is Impaired in Nondiabetic Cystic Fibrosis Adults Assessed with the Oral Minimal Model Method (2019)

Insulin deficiency in cystic fibrosis (CF) is the primary cause of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. However, along with insulin deficiency, insulin sensitivity may also play an important role. Herein we aimed to quantify insulin action and secretion in nondiabetic CF adults in comparison with healthy controls after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the oral minimal model method. Sixteen nondiabetic CF (7F; age=22±2 y; BMI=22±2 kg/m2; BW=66±10 kg) and seven healthy adults (3F; age=22±2 y; BMI=22±2 kg/m2; BW=66±9 kg) underwent an OGTT. Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured for 5 h. The oral glucose and C-peptide minimal models were used to quantify indices of glucose absorption, insulin sensitivity, β-cell responsiveness and disposition index. Insulin sensitivity was similar (mean±SE; p-value from two-sample t-test) in CF and healthy (23±3 and 16±3 10-4 dL/kg/min per uU/mL; NS), while percentage of glucose absorbed within the first two hours was significantly higher in CF (70±3 vs. 53±4 %; p&amp;lt;0.005). In contrast, β-cell responsiveness was significantly reduced in CF (42±4 vs. 118±16 10-9 min-1) due to a reduction both in the dynamic (320±45 vs. 1316±172 10-9; p&amp;lt;0.005) and static (42±4 vs. 118±16 10-9 min-1; p&amp;lt;0.005) component. The delay in the static component was also higher, but not significantly, in CF (15±4 vs. 8±3 min; NS). As a consequence, the disposition index was significantly reduced in CF (1659±423 vs. 3303±426 10-14 dL/kg/min2 per pmol/L; p&amp;lt;0.05). Of note, no difference in incremental Area Under Curve (0-5 h) of glucose (6186±884 vs. 3680±1113 mg/dL*min; NS), insulin (4901±559 vs. 8577±2032 uU/mL*min; NS) and C-peptide (331±33 vs. 349±82 nmol/L*min; NS) in CF vs. healthy was observed. In conclusion, the oral minimal model method showed that abnormal glucose tolerance in our cohort of CF patients is due to an impaired β-cell function, while insulin action is similar and glucose absorption is higher. Disclosure M. Schiavon: None. G.M. Toffolo: None. C. Cobelli: None. K. Nair: None. A. Moran: Other Relationship; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK101402); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1-TR-000114)
PB core --- the public broadcasting metadata initiative: progress report (2003)

PB Core is the result of the public broadcasting metadata initiative (PBMI). It is an effort of the public radio and television broadcasters to develop a schema for the description of their assets. PBMI is under the auspices of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. The paper discusses the user-centered development of the schema, the elements of the PB Core, the application profile, and the feedback and evaluation process of the schema.
Progesterone Function in Human Endometrium: Clinical Perspectives (2021)

Progesterone is essential for endometrial receptivity and successful establishment of pregnancy. Either an insufficient progesterone concentration or an insufficient response to progesterone, therefore can lead to infertility and pregnancy loss. Assessment of the role that either progesterone insufficiency or inadequate progesterone response plays in human reproductive failure has been difficult to assess because serum progesterone concentrations fluctuate markedly, limiting the ability to characterize sufficiency of progesterone, and there are no highly reliable markers of endometrial function available. Recent evidence demonstrates exquisite sensitivity of normal endometrium to very low levels of progesterone stimulation, suggesting that progesterone insufficiency should not be a common cause of reproductive failure. Further evidence suggests that women with endometriosis, and possibly polycystic ovarian syndrome, have an altered progesterone response, which may explain some of the clinical features of these disorders and supports the hypothesis that progesterone resistance underlies some cases of human reproductive failure.
Contactless measurement of electrical conductance of a thin film of amorphous germanium (2010)

We present a contactless method for measuring charge in a thin film of amorphous germanium (a-Ge) with a nanoscale silicon MOSFET charge sensor. This method enables the measurement of conductance of the a-Ge film even in the presence of blocking contacts. At high bias voltage, the resistance of the contacts becomes negligible and a direct measurement of current gives a conductance that agrees with that from the measurement of charge. This charge-sensing technique is used to measure the temperature- and field-dependence of the conductance, and they both agree with a model of Mott variable-range hopping. From the model, we obtain a density of states at the Fermi energy of 1.6 x 10^18 eV^-1 cm^-3 and a localization length of 1.06 nm. This technique enables the measurement of conductance as low as 10^-19 S.
Nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de hierro para el aislamiento de ADN plasmídico (2020)

"El trabajo propone la síntesis y caracterización de nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de hierro recubiertas con silica (Fe3O4@SiO2) para el aislamiento de ADN plasmídico. La síntesis se realizó por co-precipitación y el recubrimiento por el método de Stöber. Los materiales fueron caracterizados por Fluorescencia de Rayos-X, Difracción de Rayos-X y Espectroscopía infrarroja. La purificación del ADN se realizó comparando los métodos de precipitación etanólica, el sistema comercial QIAprep® y las Fe3O4@SiO2 sintetizadas. Los resultados mostraron que es posible obtener Fe3O4@SiO2 con tamaños de cristalita en un rango de 9,9 a 11,7 nm por la metodología propuesta. La cantidad de Si adsorbida sobre la superficie de las nanopartículas y el tamaño de cristalita de las Fe3O4@SiO2, fueron dependientes del pH y de las condiciones de lavado. Se demostró que es posible recuperar eficientemente ADN plasmídico, utilizando como soporte sólido las Fe3O4@SiO2 obtenidas en condiciones normales."
A SOUND IN A BOX WITH DIFFERENT COMPLEX IMPEDANCES ON ITS WALLS (2004)

We calculate the pressure in a box with different complex impedances on its walls. The frequency response of a point source is calculated using both Boundary Element Method and analytical calculations combined with Newton iteration to calculate the modes. 1.
Web-scale user modeling for targeting (2012)

We present the experiences from building a web-scale user modeling platform for optimizing display advertising targeting at Yahoo!. The platform described in this paper allows for per-campaign maximization of conversions representing purchase activities or transactions. Conversions directly translate to advertiser's revenue, and thus provide the most relevant metrics of return on advertising investment. We focus on two major challenges: how to efficiently process histories of billions of users on a daily basis, and how to build per-campaign conversion models given the extremely low conversion rates (compared to click rates in a traditional setting). We first present mechanisms for building web-scale user profiles in a daily incremental fashion. Second, we show how to reduce the latency through in-memory processing of billions of user records. Finally, we discuss a technique for scaling the number of handled campaigns/models by introducing an efficient labeling technique that allows for sharing negative training examples across multiple campaigns.
Carbon Dioxide Conversion: Tailoring CO2 Reduction with Doped Silicon Nanocrystals (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 11/2017) (2017)

The conversion of CO2 into solar fuels usually requires unsustainable materials. In article number 1700118, Geoffrey A. Ozin and co-workers demonstrate gas-phase CO2 reduction using hydride-terminated boron- and phosphorus-doped silicon nanocrystals, which consist of earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. The CO2 reduction activity of silicon nanocrystals is successfully doubled with the addition of dopants. Cover illustrator: Chenxi Qian.
Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction: A Growing Pandemic (2012)

Heart failure is a heterogeneous syndrome. Approximately 30-50% of patients with heart failure have normal or near normal left ventricle function. Several epidemiological studies confirm that the prevalence of heart failure with normal ejection fraction is increasing. Given the current trends, heart failure with normal ejection fraction will become the most common form of heart failure, for which we do not currently have an evidence-based successful treatment. This article summarizes the etiology, current recommended guidelines and management options for this clinical manifestation.
A role for the intermediate affinity IL-2R in the protection against glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. (1995)

Recent work has shown that T lymphocytes undergo apoptosis upon treatment with the glucocorticoid analogue dexamethasone. These cells can be protected from the effect of dexamethasone by interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-4. We were interested in analysing whether a transfected cell dependent on three different lymphokines could be protected by them from the effect of dexamethasone. In addition, we took advantage of our cellular system, in which we expressed intermediate- or high-affinity IL-2R independently, to analyse the role of these receptors in the protection from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. In this report we show that IL-2 rescues murine T cells expressing exogenous intermediate- (TS1 beta) or high-affinity (TS1 alpha beta) IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. This result suggests that intermediate-affinity IL-2R alone can replace high-affinity IL-2R for the protection from the effect of dexamethasone. In addition, IL-4 and IL-9 are rescue-factors, as well as IL-2, of glucocorticoid-treated TS1 beta and TS1 alpha beta cells. Our data suggest that the presence of the alpha-chain of the IL-2R is not required for rescue by IL-2 from the effect of dexamethasone. In addition, we show that proliferation is not required for preventing glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. This result implies a new role for the intermediate-affinity IL-2R.
Solution‐Processed Organic Transistors with Excellent Electrical Stability under Ambient Conditions (2019)

Abstract The application of organic transistors in backplane technology is strongly hindered by their perceived instability to current and bias stress. High‐performance polymer organic semiconductors with unprecedented electrical stability under ambient conditions are demonstrated. Remarkably, these unencapsulated, solution‐processed organic transistors show slightly better bias stress stability than even the the current benchmarks for flat panel displays, a‐Si and IGZO. Moreover, the transistors show a high mobility of about 3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and high on/off ratio of 10 6 , combined with excellent reproducibility. These results demonstrate that solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistors have reached a stage that makes them suitable for commercialization in flexible backplane technology.
Biomarkers of Caloric Restriction May Predict Longevity in Humans (2002)

The most robust intervention for slowing aging and maintaining health and function in animals is dietary caloric restriction (CR) ([1][1]). Although most studies of this phenomenon have been conducted in rodents and lower animals, data accumulating from rhesus monkeys suggest that CR may also be
Role of N-acetyl-d-galactosamine residue on B151K12-derived T cell-replacing factor (B151-TRF) molecule in B cell-receptor binding and -stimulating activity. (1985)

The role of sugar moiety on T cell-replacing factor molecule derived from a monoclonal T cell hybridoma B151K12 (B151-TRF) was analyzed with respect to the interaction with receptor on B cells. The induction of B cell differentiation into Ig-secreting cells by B151-TRF was specifically inhibited by addition of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) to culture. Such inhibition appeared to be attributed to the interference of GalNAc in the interaction of TRF with its receptor, because absorption of TRF activity with B cells was notably inhibited by the presence of GalNAc. To substantiate this point further, we established binding assay of B151-TRF molecule to the receptor on B cells by using 125I-labeled TRF fraction enriched by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gel filtration. The results revealed that the binding of 125I-TRF molecule to the B cells was almost completely blocked by GalNAc. Moreover, the existence of GalNAc residue(s) on B151-TRF molecule was evidenced by the facts that 1) the TRF activity was eluted from lectin gels with specificity for GalNAc as revealed by the functional assay, and 2) the 125I-TRF molecule specifically bound to such lectin gels. Thus, the GalNAc residue(s) on B151-TRF molecule plays an important role in binding of TRF molecule to the receptor and in the stimulation of B cells. The molecular properties of B cell-stimulatory B151-TRF and its mode of interaction with corresponding receptor on B cells were discussed in the context of B151-TRF as a glycosylated lymphokine molecule and B151-TRF receptor as a carbohydrate-binding protein (animal lectin).
Oxidized Product Profiles of AA9 Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases Depend on the Type of Cellulose (2021)

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are essential for enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose-rich biomass in the context of biofuels and platform chemicals production. Considerable insight into the mode of action of LPMOs has been obtained, but research on the cellulose specificity of these enzymes is still limited. Hence, we studied the product profiles of four fungal Auxiliary Activity family 9 (AA9) LPMOs during their oxidative cleavage of three types of cellulose: bacterial cellulose (BC), Avicel PH-101 (AVI), and regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC). We observed that attachment of a carbohydrate-binding module 1 (CBM1) did not change the substrate specificity of LPMO9B from <i>Myceliophthora thermophila</i> C1 (<i>Mt</i>LPMO9B) but stimulated the degradation of all three types of cellulose. A detailed quantification of oxidized ends in both soluble and insoluble fractions, as well as characterization of oxidized cello-oligosaccharide patterns, suggested that <i>Mt</i>LPMO9B generates mainly oxidized cellobiose from BC, while producing oxidized cello-oligosaccharides from AVI and RAC ranged more randomly from DP2-8. Comparable product profiles, resulting from BC, AVI, and RAC oxidation, were found for three other AA9 LPMOs. These distinct cleavage profiles highlight cellulose specificity rather than an LPMO-dependent mechanism and may further reflect that the product profiles of AA9 LPMOs are modulated by different cellulose types.
A New Polymer System for Water Shutoff Application in Carbonate Formations (2016)

Abstract Excessive water production from hydrocarbon-producing wells can adversely affect the economic life of the well. It was estimated that an average 2.8 barrels of water is produced for each barrel of oil worldwide. Unwanted water production can unfavorably affect well economics owing to handling of the produced water, reduction of hydrocarbon production, and environmental concerns. Naturally, fluids tend to follow in paths of least resistance which, in reservoirs, are often created by the heterogeneous nature of the rock. There are two levels to this heterogeneity; primarily, microscale heterogeneity which could be represented as a simple porous feature distribution; and the second is macroscale heterogeneity which includes layering, natural or induced fractures, and high vertical and horizontal permeabilities. Together can lead to poor conformance and thus need to be corrected. If fractures for water path are in present, then they need to be plugged in order for producing wells to remain in operation. Numerous chemical options are available for addressing excessive water problems. Most of these chemicals are more suitable for Sandstone formations rather than carbonate rocks. It is estimated that carbonate reservoirs restrain more than 60% of the remaining oil worldwide. The objective of this work is to investigate the efficiency recent developed chemical material for carbonate formation. This material presents an innovative technology for both fracture and Supper-K water shutoff agent. An Integrated approach was applied to investigate the efficiency of a new polymer system (a novel adsorption system). A core flooding tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this chemical system using super-K, and fractured core. An analytical study, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray microanalysis techniques were applied to characterize untreated and chemically treated core plug samples. The core flow testes indicate significant drops in water production of all high permeability, fractured and wormholed formation. When chemical treatments were placed, the polymer system was able to withstand the differential pressures and did not allow the flow of water in wormholed core, high permeability cores and fractured core. The ESEM results showed the presence of C-rich compounds filling fracture. This suggests that the chemical treatment of the core plug has resulted in some of the used polymer product blocking fractures and pores.
Métodos operacionais para aumento de massa molar na polimerização do estireno (2015)

RESUMO – Nos processos de polimerizacao por radicais livres existem diferentes estrategias para aumentar a massa molar do polimero; por exemplo, o emprego de iniciadores multifuncionais. Porem, altos custos desses iniciadores e restricoes de transporte e armazenamento tornam o processo bastante oneroso. Como alternativa, este trabalho investigou os efeitos de pequenas concentracoes do agente reticulante divinilbenzeno (DVB) na producao de poli(estireno) (PS) na presenca de etilbenzeno como solvente. Reacoes em modo continuo foram conduzidas na presenca e ausencia do DVB, e na presenca dos iniciadores do tipo peroxido, mono e bifuncional. Os experimentos foram caracterizados quanto a cinetica, a distribuicao de massa molar e a viscosidade em solucao. Observou-se que os iniciadores multifuncionais nao modificaram significativamente nem a conversao nem a massa molar do PS. O DVB apresentou um efeito modesto na conversao; no entanto, o seu efeito na massa molar do polimero foi bastante pronunciado.
[Use of robotics in laparoscopic urological surgery: state of the art]. (2006)

Considerable technological progress has been made over recent years to make laparoscopic surgery more accessible. Current robotized tools are still imperfect systems, but, in the future, may possibly facilitate difficult laparoscopic operations, particularly in urology.
Inclusive photon production at forward rapidities in pp and p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{{s}}_{\textrm{NN}}}={5.02}$$ TeV (2023)

Abstract A study of multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of inclusive photons measured in pp and p–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision of $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>NN</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV using the ALICE detector in the forward pseudorapidity region 2.3 $$&lt;~\eta _\textrm{lab} ~&lt;$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>lab</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> 3.9 is presented. Measurements in p–Pb collisions are reported for two beam configurations in which the directions of the proton and lead ion beam were reversed. The pseudorapidity distributions in p–Pb collisions are obtained for seven centrality classes which are defined based on different event activity estimators, i.e., the charged-particle multiplicity measured at midrapidity as well as the energy deposited in a calorimeter at beam rapidity. The inclusive photon multiplicity distributions for both pp and p–Pb collisions are described by double negative binomial distributions. The pseudorapidity distributions of inclusive photons are compared to those of charged particles at midrapidity in pp collisions and for different centrality classes in p–Pb collisions. The results are compared to predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators. None of the generators considered in this paper reproduces the inclusive photon multiplicity distributions in the reported multiplicity range. The pseudorapidity distributions are, however, better described by the same generators.
Accurate and Energy-Efficient Bit-Slicing for RRAM-Based Neural Networks (2022)

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Computation-in-memory</i> (CIM) paradigm leverages emerging memory technologies such as resistive random access memories (RRAMs) to process the data within the memory itself. This alleviates the memory-processor bottleneck resulting in much higher hardware efficiency compared to von-Neumann architecture-based conventional hardware. Hence, CIM becomes an attractive alternative for applications like neural networks which require a huge number of data transfer operations in conventional hardware. CIM-based neural networks typically employ bit-slicing scheme which represents a single neural weight using multiple RRAM devices (called slices) to meet the high bit-precision demand. However, such neural networks suffer from significant accuracy degradation due to non-zero G <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\min }$</tex-math></inline-formula> error where a zero weight in the neural network is represented by an RRAM device with a non-zero conductance. This paper proposes an unbalanced bit-slicing scheme to mitigate the impact of non-zero G <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\min }$</tex-math></inline-formula> error. It achieves this by allocating appropriate sensing margins for different slices based on their binary positions. It also tunes the sensing margins to meet the demands of either high accuracy or energy-efficiency. The sensing margin allocation is supported by 2’s complement arithmetic which further reduces the influence of non-zero G <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\min }$</tex-math></inline-formula> error. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme achieves up to 7.3× accuracy and up to 7.8× correct operations per unit energy consumption compared to state-of-the-art.
Protease Inhibitors from the seeds of Senna sophera: Isolation and Properties (2018)

Need for protease inhibitors in medicinal and therapeutic applications have been well acknowledged by the research community. The natural flora has always been an extensive contributor for various compounds used in disorder treatment owing to its abundance and ease of isolation and purifications methodologies. Conventional protein purification methods such as salt precipitation, gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-10 and G50 and RP-HPLC have been employed for the purification of protease inhibitors from the seeds of Senna sophera. Two protease inhibitors SSPI-1 and SSPI-2 were purified. The protease inhibitor SSPI-1 was purified to 16.11 fold with a recovery of 26.20% and showed a specific inhibitor activity of 31.12. SSPI-2 was purified to 61.08 fold with a recovery of 66.23 and showed a specific inhibitor activity of 24.51. Both the purified inhibitors were found to be stable in the pH range 2 – 10 and temperature between 4 – 65°C.