gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of highly tritiated 7‐deoxy‐7 dihydroantheridiol and antheriodiol (1987)

Abstract The synthesis of tritiated male‐activating steroids of the aquatic fungus Achlya , 7‐deoxy‐7‐dihydroantheridiol (7‐DA) and antheridiol, has been achieved by aldol condensation of 3β‐acetoxy‐23,24‐dinorchola‐1,5‐dien‐22‐al and the carbanion of 3‐isopropyl‐2‐butenolide. The product with the desired stereochemistry (22S,23R) was isolated and reduced with 3 H 2 in the presence of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium chloride. Acid hydrolysis of the acetate gave 1,2[ 3 H ]‐7 DA which had a specific activity of 40 Ci/mmol. 1,2[ 3 H ]‐7 DA was converted to 1,2[ 3 H ]‐antheridiol by protecting the hydroxyl groups as the disilyl ethers, oxidation to the 7‐ketone with chromium trioxide‐dimethylpyrazole and removal of the protecting groups by gentle acid treatment. 1,2[ 3 H ]‐7 DA has been used to detect a protein receptor in the cytosol of Achlya .
Diphenyldifluoroketone EF24 Suppresses Pro-inflammatory Interleukin-1 receptor 1 and Toll-like Receptor 4 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated dendritic cells (2015)

The results suggest that EF24 influences IL-1R superfamily signaling pathway in ways that could have salutary effects in inflammation. The pluripotent anti-inflammatory actions of EF24 warrant further investigation of EF24 in inflammatory conditions of systemic nature.
Large inherent optical gain from the direct gap transition of Ge thin films (2013)

The recent demonstration of Ge-on-Si diode lasers renews the interest in the unique carrier dynamics of Ge involving both direct (Γ) and indirect (L) valleys. Here, we report a large inherent direct gap optical gain ≥1300 cm−1 at room temperature from both tensile-strained n+ Ge-on-Si films and intrinsic Ge-on-insulator using femtosecond transmittance spectroscopy captured before direct-to-indirect valley scattering. This inherent direct gap gain is comparable to III-V semiconductors. For n+ Ge, this transient gain is ∼25× larger than its steady state gain, suggesting that reducing Γ→L or enhancing L→Γ intervalley scattering may significantly increase the optical gain of Ge lasers.
Performance evaluation of the LMS adaptive beamforming algorithm used in smart antenna systems (2006)

Adaptive beamforming is a key feature of smart antennas that leads to interference mitigation and capacity increase of wireless networks. This paper presents a performance evaluation of the LMS algorithm that is used as an adaptive beamforming technique in smart antennas. This performance evaluation is carried out with respect to the antenna array size in terms of the number of elements forming this array as well as their physical spacing. Also the signal environment parameters are analyzed in terms of the number of signals incident on the antenna array and their angular separation.
Inference, inversion, bayes, and entropy (1990)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990Inference, inversion, bayes, and entropyAuthors: Tad J. UlrychW. Scott LeaneyE. P. SchlumbergerOlivia G. JensenAmin BassreiTad J. UlrychUniversity of British Columbia, Canada, W. Scott LeaneyFrance, E. P. SchlumbergerFrance, Olivia G. JensenMcGill University, Canada, and Amin BassreiFederal University of Bahia, Brazilhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889925 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889925FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1990 Pages: 1779 publication data© 1990 Copyright © 1990 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Tad J. Ulrych, W. Scott Leaney, E. P. Schlumberger, Olivia G. Jensen, and Amin Bassrei, (1990), "Inference, inversion, bayes, and entropy," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1115-1118. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889925 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Determination of the photoelastic constants of silicon nitride using piezo-optomechanical photonic integrated circuits and laser Doppler vibrometry (2021)

We measure the photoelastic constants of piezo-optomechanical photonic integrated circuits incorporating a specially formulated, silicon-depleted silicon nitride thin films using a laser doppler vibrometer to calibrate the strain produced by the integrated piezoelectric actuators.
Characterization of pp85, a Target of Oncogenes and Growth Factor Receptors (1990)

An 85,000-molecular-weight polypeptide (85K polypeptide) has previously been identified as a common substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation upon polyomavirus middle T transformation or upon platelet-derived growth factor stimulation of 3T3 cells. In each case, pp85 has an associated phosphatidylinositol kinase activity. The tissue distribution of pp85 was determined by middle T blotting experiments; the highest levels were found in brain, lung, and spleen tissues. High-resolution examination of 85K by isoelectric focusing demonstrated that there are at least 10 different forms. These were resolved into two families, 85K and 86K; the ratio of the two families changed in different cells. Similar forms were found for pp85 associated with pp60v-src. Individual species within each family differed by phosphorylation. Analysis of pp85 and pp86 by immunoprecipitation with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody showed increasing phosphorylation in response to middle T or pp60v-src transformation. The association of middle T with pp85 and pp60c-src was examined in pulse-chase experiments. Association of middle T with pp60c-src was slow and was accompanied by progressive modification of middle T. pp85 formed a dissociable complex with middle T within 2.5 min.
Magnetic resonance imaging of transverse acoustic strain waves (1996)

We describe a phase contrast based MRI technique with high sensitivity to cyclic displacement that is capable of quantitatively imaging acoustic strain waves in tissue-like materials. A formalism for considering gradient waveforms as basis functions to measure arbitrary cyclic motion waveforms is introduced. Experiments with tissue-like agarose gel phantoms show that it is possible to measure small cyclic displacements at a submicron level by an appropriate choice of the applied gradient basis function and to use this capability to observe the spatial and temporal pattern of displacements caused by acoustic strain waves. The propagation characteristics of strain waves are determined by the mechanical properties of the media. It is therefore possible to use this technique to noninvasively estimate material properties such as elastic modulus.
Eco-Friendly Automotive Climate Control and Navigation System for Electric Vehicles (2016)

Tight integration of cyber-dominated control systems and physical systems has helped Electric Vehicles (EV) as a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) to achieve zero-emission transportation capability. However, it poses major difficulties such as poor driving range, high price, and troublesome recharging which demotivate their consumers. These problems have arisen due to the stringent constraints on the EV battery packs. Moreover, the battery capacity degrades overtime and this degradation defines the battery lifetime and shortens the driving range further. The driving range and battery lifetime are mainly influenced by the route behavior, electric motor, and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) power consumption. In this paper, we present a novel jointly optimized eco-friendly automotive climate control and navigation system methodology. The integration between these two systems helps us to optimize the HVAC utilization and route for better battery lifetime and driving range. We have compared the performance of our methodology with the state-of-the-arts for different weather and route behavior. We have seen upto 24% improvement in battery lifetime and 17% reduction in energy consumption.
CubeSat Deployable Antenna Using Bistable Composite Tape-Springs (2012)

In this letter, a new conductive composite tape-spring is proposed for CubeSat deployable antennas that is constructed using a glass fiber reinforced epoxy with an embedded copper alloy conductor. The tape-spring is bistable enabling the antenna to be elastically stable in both the deployed and stowed states. A dipole antenna is designed, simulated, and tested to prove the viability of the electrical properties of this material.
Comparison of Ultrafast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI with Conventional DCE MRI in the Morphological Assessment of Malignant Breast Lesions (2023)

Ultrafast (UF) dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI offers the potential for a faster and, therefore, less expensive examination of breast lesions; however, there are no reports that have evaluated whether UF DCE-MRI can be used the same as conventional DCE-MRI in the reading of morphological information. This study evaluated the agreement in morphological information obtained from malignant breast mass lesions between UF DCE-MRI and conventional DCE-MRI. UF DCE-MRI data were obtained over the first 60 s post-contrast injection, followed by the conventional DCE images. Two readers evaluated the size and morphology of the lesions in the final phase of the UF DCE-MRI and the early phase of the conventional DCE-MRI. Inter-method agreement in morphological information was evaluated for the two readers using the intraclass correlation coefficient for size, and the kappa statistics for the morphological descriptors. Differences in the proportion of each descriptor were examined using Fisher's test of independence. Most inter-method agreements were higher than substantial. UF DCE-MRI showed a circumscribed margin and homogeneous enhancement more often than conventional imaging. However, the percentages of readings showing the same morphology assessment between the UF DCE-MRI and conventional DCE-MRI were 71.2% (136/191) for Reader 1 and 69.1% (132/191) for Reader 2. We conclude that UF DCE-MRI may replace conventional DCE-MRI to evaluate the morphological information of malignant breast mass lesions.
Schlieren photography on freely flying hawkmoth (2018)

The aerodynamic force on flying insects results from the vortical flow structures that vary both spatially and temporally throughout flight. Due to these complexities and the inherent difficulties in studying flying insects in a natural setting, a complete picture of the vortical flow has been difficult to obtain experimentally. In this paper, <i>Schlieren</i>, a widely used technique for highspeed flow visualization, was adapted to capture the vortex structures around freely flying hawkmoth (<i>Manduca</i>). Flow features such as leading-edge vortex, trailing-edge vortex, as well as the full vortex system in the wake were visualized directly. Quantification of the flow from the <i>Schlieren</i> images was then obtained by applying a physics-based optical flow method, extending the potential applications of the method to further studies of flying insects.
A single growth facetless semiconductor laser platform for photonic integration (2008)

InP based optical and electronic devices have been extensively studied for their enabling properties in modern telecommunication systems. There is considerable demand to further improve the performance of lasers and in particular to integrate the lasers with additional optical components such as detectors, waveguides, amplifiers, splitters, interferometers, modulators and multiplexers to realize optical chips with advanced functionality. This is hindered by the dominating costs associated with integrating these devices. On-chip integration is an attractive solution but one which requires the use of complex technologies (electron beam lithography and epitaxial overgrowth) that are generally proprietary and not compatible with foundry manufacture. In this talk, we report on a novel alternative approach to integration using a single epitaxial growth stage and conventional optical lithography. A tuneable laser with an integrated optical amplifier is demonstrated but the technology can be extended to integration of modulators and other optical functions. This device is enabled by the realization of a reflective mirror using etched slots thus freeing the laser designer from the absolute requirement of the cleaved facet and the associated crystal orientation of all semiconductor lasers. The integration of multiple components on a single chip will provide a platform for photonics that can be implemented in a foundry and this mimics the approach of the silicon electronics industry.
The acoustic signatures of laboratory-generated bubble plumes (1990)

The results of laboratory experiments designed to characterize the underwater sound field radiated by a breaking wave are presented. Two general types of experiments were performed. First, progressive gravity waves were produced in a flume tank (2×2×12 ft; 7×7×6 ft) by a plunger wavemaker (wedge-shaped) at one end of the flume. Near the other end was placed an airfoil with a given angle of attack forcing gravity waves to break in the tank region. The second series of experiments involved the introduction of a jet of water, simulating a plunging breaker, onto the plane water surface of the tank. The water jet was produced by releasing a fixed volume of water, held in a cylindrical container, onto the surface. The jet characteristics were varied by changing the container's volume and height. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the bubble plumes generated by these two mechanisms were measured by using a high-speed video camera. The underwater acoustic emissions from these air entrainment processes were recorded simultaneously with the high-speed video camera and a digital oscilloscope that possessed a large memory. Concurrent video image, power spectrum, and observed time evolution of the bubble plumes generated by these two mechanisms reveal a dominant acoustic signal occurring at frequencies lower than 200 Hz. [Work supported by ONT.]
ACF-packaged ultrathin Si-based flexible NAND flash memory (2015)

In this paper, we demonstrate an ACF-packaged ultrathin Si-based flexible NAND flash memory by adopting a simple method, without using a conventional transfer process. By gently etching the bottom sacrificial silicon of the SOI wafer, flip-chip bonded devices were sufficiently thinned down (roughly to 1 μm) to fabricate highly flexible, fully packaged Si-based NAND flash memory, without any cracks or wrinkles. The work presented here suggests a useful methodology to realize various high-performance, fully packaged Si-based flexible LSI devices.
High Birefringence Induced in SMF-28 Fiber by Femtosecond IR Laser Exposure of the Cladding with a Phase Mask (2007)

High core birefringence in SMF-28 fiber (~8×10–4) was obtained by inscribing a Type II-IR grating in the cladding near the core. The birefringence is likely stress induced rather than due to asymmetric index modification.
RL Unplugged: A Suite of Benchmarks for Offline Reinforcement Learning (2020)

Offline methods for reinforcement learning have a potential to help bridge the gap between reinforcement learning research and real-world applications. They make it possible to learn policies from offline datasets, thus overcoming concerns associated with online data collection in the real-world, including cost, safety, or ethical concerns. In this paper, we propose a benchmark called RL Unplugged to evaluate and compare offline RL methods. RL Unplugged includes data from a diverse range of domains including games (e.g., Atari benchmark) and simulated motor control problems (e.g., DM Control Suite). The datasets include domains that are partially or fully observable, use continuous or discrete actions, and have stochastic vs. deterministic dynamics. We propose detailed evaluation protocols for each domain in RL Unplugged and provide an extensive analysis of supervised learning and offline RL methods using these protocols. We will release data for all our tasks and open-source all algorithms presented in this paper. We hope that our suite of benchmarks will increase the reproducibility of experiments and make it possible to study challenging tasks with a limited computational budget, thus making RL research both more systematic and more accessible across the community. Moving forward, we view RL Unplugged as a living benchmark suite that will evolve and grow with datasets contributed by the research community and ourselves. Our project page is available on https://git.io/JJUhd.
Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced (2010)

UMTS LTE system can support flexible bandwidth configuration up to 20 MHz. Currently, system enhancements are being considered to provide substantial improvements to LTE and allow it to meet or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements. One key enhancement feature is bandwidth extension via carrier aggregation to support deployment bandwidth up to 100 MHz. This will allow peak target data rates in excess of 1 Gbps in the downlink and 500 Mbps in the uplink to be achieved. Carrier aggregation is attractive because it allows operators to deploy a system with larger bandwidth by aggregating several smaller contiguous or non-contiguous carriers while providing backward compatibility to legacy users. For instance, an 80 MHz system can be constructed using contiguous or non-contiguous 4 × 20 MHz component carriers. Legacy users can then access the system using one of the component carriers. This paper provides an overview of carrier aggregation and discusses major technical issues including aggregation structure, scenarios, implementation, control signalling design and coexistence with legacy LTE systems.
Low-Dimensional Structure in the Space of Language Representations is\n Reflected in Brain Responses (2021)

How related are the representations learned by neural language models,\ntranslation models, and language tagging tasks? We answer this question by\nadapting an encoder-decoder transfer learning method from computer vision to\ninvestigate the structure among 100 different feature spaces extracted from\nhidden representations of various networks trained on language tasks. This\nmethod reveals a low-dimensional structure where language models and\ntranslation models smoothly interpolate between word embeddings, syntactic and\nsemantic tasks, and future word embeddings. We call this low-dimensional\nstructure a language representation embedding because it encodes the\nrelationships between representations needed to process language for a variety\nof NLP tasks. We find that this representation embedding can predict how well\neach individual feature space maps to human brain responses to natural language\nstimuli recorded using fMRI. Additionally, we find that the principal dimension\nof this structure can be used to create a metric which highlights the brain's\nnatural language processing hierarchy. This suggests that the embedding\ncaptures some part of the brain's natural language representation structure.\n
Raman-on-chip device and detection fibres with fibre Bragg grating for analysis of solutions and particles (2012)

An all-fibre based Raman-on-chip setup is introduced which enables analysis of solutions and trapped particles without microscopes or objectives. Beside the novel quartz microfluidic chip, innovative multi-core single-mode fibres with integrated fibre Bragg gratings are used for detection. The limit of quantitation is 7.5 mM for urea and 2.5 mM for nicotine with linear Raman spectroscopy. This is an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude compared with previous fibre-based microfluidic Raman detection schemes. Furthermore, our device was combined with optical traps to collect Raman-on-chip spectra of spherical polymer beads.
Brain-type prostaglandin D synthetase occurs in the rat cochlea. (1987)

Prostaglandin D synthetase [(5Z, 13E)-(15S)-9 alpha, 11 alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate D-isomerase, EC 5.3.99.2] activity was found in the high-speed (100,000 x g, 1 hr) supernatant of the homogenate of the cochlea of adult rats. The specific activity (14.0 nmol/min per mg of protein) was 6- to 7-fold higher than that in the central nervous system. The enzyme showed full activity with 1 mM glutathione, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, or 0.5 mM dithiothreitol and was almost completely inhibited by 1 mM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The Km value for prostaglandin H2 was about 20 microM. These catalytic properties are the same as those of rat brain prostaglandin D synthetase but different from those of rat spleen prostaglandin D synthetase. The activity decreased to less than 20% of its initial level after incubation with excess amounts of a polyclonal or a monoclonal antibody against the brain enzyme, but the activity remained unchanged with a polyclonal antibody against the spleen enzyme, indicating that the brain-type enzyme synthesizes prostaglandin D2 in the cochlea. When cryosections of 5-week-old (adult) rat cochleas were stained by an immunoperoxidase method with antibodies against the brain enzyme, the immunoreactivity was found in inner and outer hair cells, Claudius' cells, Deiters' cells, marginal cells, basal cells, and cells of Reissner's membrane. In 8-day-old rats, the immunoreactivity was found in all of these cell types except hair cells. The immunoreactivity in hair cells was found in only one specimen from 9-day-old animals, and no immunoreactivity was found in spiral ganglion cells at any of the ages examined. These findings indicate that prostaglandin D2 is produced by the brain-type synthetase in the indicated types of cochlear cells.
Naturstoffe als Sonden zum Studium zellulärer Funktionen – Untersuchungen von Immunophilinen (1992)

Abstract Eines der großen Geheimnisse der Zellbiologie ist noch immer der Mechanismus der Informations‐, oder besser Signalübertragung durch das Cytoplasma der Zelle. Naturstoffe, die diesen Prozeß inhibieren, ermöglichen einen Einblick in fundamental Aspekte der cytoplasmatischen Signalübertragung, durch die extrazelluläre Moleküle intrazelluläre Vorgänge beeinflussen. Deshalb ist die Naturstoffchemie ‐ einschließlich organischer Synthese, Konformations‐analyse und Methoden der Strukturanalyse ‐ so wichtig für das Studium der Zellfunktionen. Dieser Beitrag skizziert unser Verständnis der Funktionen einer Gruppe von Naturstoffen ‐ von der Entdeckung, daß diese Verbindungen die cytoplasmatische Signalübertragung inhibieren, bis zu neuesten Erkenntnissen ihrer Rolle als Mediatoren der Wechselwirkung zwischen weitverbreiteten Proteinen. Der Schwerpunkt der Diskussion liegt auf strukturellen Aspekten. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Naturstoffliganden und ihren Proteinrezeptoren werden auf der molekularen Ebene diskutiert, um Licht in die molekularen Mechanismen der biologischen Funktionen dieser Verbindungen zu bringen. Dabei hoffen wir, den Nutzen eines chemischen Herangehens an biologische Systeme zu demonstrieren. Durch Chemie können wir die molekulare Basis biologischer Phänomene verstehen .
Speed Control Method for PM Motor using Speed Observer and Low Resolution Encoder (2002)

This paper proposes a new speed control method for PM motor using a low resolution encoder and a speed observer. The servo system should be economical and simple. For this purpose, this paper realizes the high performance speed control system using a low resolution encoder, whose performance is nearly equal to the performance of speed servo system using a conventional optical encoder. The speed observer uses the information of motor current and motor voltage. The rotor position is calculated by the estimated value of speed observer. This observer has the influence of electrical parameter variation. This paper proposes the correction algorithm of both the voltage error of PWM Inverter and the electrical parameter variation. The experimental results and numerical simulation results point out that the proposed speed control system has the desired speed response, on condition of parameter variations and load torque perturbation.