gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
De la dysfonction du tissu adipeux blanc aux phénotypes anatomocliniques de l’obésité (2017)

Les conséquences métaboliques de l’obésité sont moins liées à l’augmentation de la masse grasse (MG) qu’à la perte de la flexibilité métabolique du tissu adipeux (TA), qui ne joue plus son rôle de tampon vis-à-vis des flux d’acides gras libres (AGL). La dysfonction du TA évolue en plusieurs étapes: hypertrophie des adipocytes, sécrétion d’adipokines pro-inflammatoires, infiltration par des macrophages puis remodelage fibro-inflammatoire irréversible. L’altération du microenvironnement conduit à une diminution de l’adipogenèse, de même que la sénescence prématurée des préadipocytes. D’un point de vue mécanistique, le concept de capacité d’expansion du TA (expansibilité pour expandability) est séduisant: au-delà d’une certaine limite qui dépend de la taille et du nombre des adipocytes ainsi que de leurs propriétés fonctionnelles, les AGL qui ne peuvent plus être stockés sur place vont constituer des dépôts ectopiques de lipides dans d’autres tissus. L’insulinorésistance de l’obésité est le fait de deux mécanismes majeurs: 1) le dépassement de la capacité d’expansion du TA; 2) la production par le TA de nombreuses adipokines et cytokines pro-inflammatoires qui ont des effets inhibiteurs sur l’action de l’insuline, localement et à distance. Le syndrome métabolique est donc la conséquence de la dysfonction du TA. Les différents sites de TA ont des caractéristiques fonctionnelles variables. Le TA de la partie inférieure du corps apparaît comme protecteur. Le tissu adipeux viscéral (TAV), qui est un marqueur des dépôts ectopiques de lipides, est particulièrement délétère. Les différents phénotypes métaboliques de l’obésité décrivent un continuum de l’obésité androïde banale à la lipodystrophie partielle acquise (excès de TAVet défaut de TA périphérique), habituellement liée à l’âge, mais qui peut apparaître dès l’adolescence. L’obésité apparaît comme une maladie évolutive: croissance précoce et rapide lorsqu’elle commence dans l’enfance et vieillissement accéléré à l’âge adulte. Le phénotype anatomoclinique change avec l’âge et la durée de l’obésité. Sur le plan thérapeutique, le traitement doit être personnalisé pour tenir compte du seuil de MG au-delà duquel apparaissent les complications métaboliques. La prédiction de ce seuil (personal fat threshold) permettrait de tenter de ne pas dépasser cette limite pour éviter les complications métaboliques ou pour les faire régresser, lorsqu’elles apparaissent. En effet, selon des travaux récents, la rémission du diabète de type 2 ou de la stéatohépatite métabolique peut être induite par une perte de poids et de MG importante qui entraîne la disparition des dépôts ectopiques de lipides. De nouvelles stratégies (mode de vie, médicaments, chirurgie bariatrique « ciblée »), qui s’appuieraient sur un phénotypage précis des obésités, méritent d’être développées.
Tertiary Structure (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Toward constructing a secure online examination system (2015)

Nowadays the rapid development of technology can be observed in every aspect of human life, with no exception to the educational world. In particular, implementation of secure online examination system is a hot topic. Issues that should be addressed in the secure online examination system are computer and network security issues of the system and prevention of cheatings by examinees. In our paper, we provide a website application and a secure network design which can prevent cheatings by examinees, and examine both of them in aspects of security and cheating prevention.
Nonstationary time-domain statistics of multiply scattered broadband terahertz pulses (2006)

We examine the time-domain statistics of randomly varying electric fields generated by multiple scattering of single-cycle electromagnetic pulses in a random medium. This analysis emphasizes the fact that these measured random fields are not stationary, as is commonly assumed for diffusing photons generated with a narrowband light source. We demonstrate that the nonstationarity is a consequence of the time dependence of the configurationally averaged intensity, and that the statistical properties of the random field can be predicted if this quantity is known. We also discuss an approach for describing the transition from nonstationary to stationary behavior by investigating the degree of stationarity during a short time window. A parameterization of the statistics using a gamma distribution provides a quantifiable measure of the approach to stationarity. Our predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations.
Tuning graphitic oxide for initiator- and metal-free aerobic epoxidation of linear alkenes (2016)

Graphitic oxide has potential as a carbocatalyst for a wide range of reactions. Interest in this material has risen enormously due to it being a precursor to graphene via the chemical oxidation of graphite. Despite some studies suggesting that the chosen method of graphite oxidation can influence the physical properties of the graphitic oxide, the preparation method and extent of oxidation remain unresolved for catalytic applications. Here we show that tuning the graphitic oxide surface can be achieved by varying the amount and type of oxidant. The resulting materials differ in level of oxidation, surface oxygen content and functionality. Most importantly, we show that these graphitic oxide materials are active as unique carbocatalysts for low-temperature aerobic epoxidation of linear alkenes in the absence of initiator or metal. An optimum level of oxidation is necessary and materials produced via conventional permanganate-based methods are far from optimal.
Reverse mutants of the catalytic 19 kDa mutant protein (nanoKAZ/nanoLuc) from Oplophorus luciferase with coelenterazine as preferred substrate (2022)

Native Oplophorus luciferase (OpLase) and its catalytic 19 kDa protein (wild KAZ) show highest luminescence activity with coelenterazine (CTZ) among CTZ analogs. Mutated wild KAZ with 16 amino acid substitutions (nanoKAZ/nanoLuc) utilizes bis-coelenterazine (bis-CTZ) as the preferred substrate and exhibits over 10-fold higher maximum intensity than CTZ. To understand the substrate selectivity of nanoKAZ between CTZ and bis-CTZ, we prepared the reverse mutants of nanoKAZ by amino acid replacements with the original amino acid residue of wild KAZ. The reverse mutant with L18Q and V27L substitutions (QL-nanoKAZ) exhibited 2.6-fold higher maximum intensity with CTZ than that of nanoKAZ with bis-CTZ. The catalytic properties of QL-nanoKAZ including substrate specificity, luminescence spectrum, luminescence kinetics, luminescence products of CTZ, and luminescence inhibition by deaza-CTZ analogs were characterized and were compared with other CTZ-utilizing luciferases such as Gaussia and Renilla luciferases. Thus, QL-nanoKAZ with CTZ could be used as a potential reporter protein for various luminescence assay systems. Furthermore, the crystal structure of QL-nanoKAZ was determined at 1.70 Å resolution. The reverse mutation at the L18Q and V27L positions of α2-helix in nanoKAZ led to changes in the local structures of the α4-helix and the β6- and β7-sheets, and might enhance its binding affinity and oxidation efficiency with CTZ to emit light.
Ghostbuster (2018)

This paper explores the possibility of detecting the hidden presence of wireless eavesdroppers. Such eavesdroppers employ passive receivers that only listen and never transmit any signals making them very hard to detect. In this paper, we show that even passive receivers leak RF signals on the wireless medium. This RF leakage, however, is extremely weak and buried under noise and other transmitted signals that can be 3-5 orders of magnitude larger. Hence, it is missed by today's radios. We design and build Ghostbuster, the first device that can reliably extract this leakage, even when it is buried under ongoing transmissions, in order to detect the hidden presence of eavesdroppers. Ghostbuster does not require any modifications to current transmitters and receivers and can accurately detect the eavesdropper in the presence of ongoing transmissions. Empirical results show that Ghostbuster can detect eavesdroppers with more than 95% accuracy up to 5 meters away.
Preparation and X-ray Structure of Cp2Ti(Ph2SiH2)(PMe3) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and X-ray Structure of Cp2Ti(Ph2SiH2)(PMe3)Esther Spaltenstein, Pilar Palma, Kristina A. Kreutzer, Christopher A. Willoughby, William M. Davis, and Stephen L. BuchwaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 22, 10308–10309Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00101a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00101a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views491Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Laser-filament-induced condensation in an inverted cloud chamber (2013)

We have demonstrated experimentally that firing a laser filament in a subsaturated zone of a cloud chamber of inversed temperature profile could induce water condensation. Initially, through ion chromatography performed on samples collected from a receptacle placed under the laser, the presence of HNO3 was observed. The existence of this HNO3, as well as digital camera images of very tiny droplets close to the laser axis viewed at an angle perpendicular to the chamber, suggest that the condensation could be due to the laser. A second experiment measuring the growth of the water droplets using a cooled receptacle confirmed the existence of laser-induced condensation in these conditions.
Solid‐State Batteries: Lithium–Graphite Paste: An Interface Compatible Anode for Solid‐State Batteries (Adv. Mater. 10/2019) (2019)

The lithium/ceramic interface is represented using a ceramic cake with a lithium cream top and tiny “chocolate” particles inside. In article 1807243, Wei Luo, Yunhui Huang, and co-workers develop a lithium–graphite composite anode for all-solid-state lithium batteries. This composite anode facilitates the Li/garnet contact, and enables batteries with small voltage hysteresis, large critical current density, and impressive cycle life.
Bounds on Thermal Dose Estimates using Ultrasonic Backscatter Monitoring of Heating (2009)

Diagnostic ultrasound provides a means for estimating the spatial distribution of temperature in tissue in response to HIFU therapy. One approach to estimating the temperature is to distort backscattered ultrasound between two frames, one preceding and one following the treatment, in a manner consistent with the heat equation, the exposure protocol, the beam pattern, and the specific material properties of the tissue. Ascribing a probability distribution to the measurements taken after treatment, the Cramer Rao bound may be determined for coefficient estimates in a functional expansion for the applied heating during therapy. This formulation also identifies the function with coefficient estimates having least variance, providing the lower bound. We study the implications of this characterization for heat deposition from a linear scan, examining how estimation accuracy is influenced by the lesion length and the delay following treatment and preceding acquisition. It is shown that for these studies, temperature estimates with accuracy well below 1° C are possible. In addition, the thermal dose can be estimated to tens of equivalent minutes, referenced to 43° C.
Structural and Kinetic Analyses Reveal the Dual Inhibition Modes of Ornithine Aminotransferase by (1S,3S)-3-Amino-4-(hexafluoropropan-2-ylidenyl)-cyclopentane-1-carboxylic Acid (BCF3) (2020)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and the leading cause of death among people with cirrhosis. HCC is typically diagnosed in advanced stages when tumors are resistant to both radio- and chemotherapy. Human ornithine aminotransferase (<i>h</i>OAT) is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme involved in glutamine and proline metabolism. Because <i>h</i>OAT is overexpressed in HCC cells and a contributing factor for the uncontrolled cellular division that propagates malignant tumors (Ueno et al. <i>J. Hepatol.</i> 2014, 61, 1080-1087), it is a potential drug target for the treatment of HCC. (1<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>)-3-Amino-4-(hexafluoropropan-2-ylidenyl)-cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (BCF<sub>3</sub>) has been shown in animal models to slow the progression of HCC by acting as a selective and potent mechanism-based inactivator of OAT (Zigmond et al. <i>ACS Med. Chem. Lett.</i> 2015, 6, 840-844). Previous studies have shown that the BCF<sub>3</sub>-<i>h</i>OAT reaction has a bifurcation in which only 8% of the inhibitor inactivates the enzyme while the remaining 92% ultimately acts as a substrate and undergoes hydrolysis to regenerate the active PLP form of the enzyme. In this manuscript, the rate-limiting step of the inactivation mechanism was determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and time-dependent <sup>19</sup>F NMR experiments to be the decay of a long-lived external aldimine species. A crystal structure of this transient complex revealed both the structural basis for fractional irreversible inhibition and the principal mode of inhibition of <i>h</i>OAT by BCF<sub>3</sub>, which is to trap the enzyme in this transient but quasi-stable external aldimine form.
<title>Multiple-beam accessor using microzone plate elements for optoelectronic integrated circuits</title> (1991)

A trial design and fabrication of a multiple beam accessor using micro-Fresnel zone plate elements are reported. An element is composed of two orthogonal linear zone plate arrays with line width changing from 1.0 micrometers to 1.6 micrometers . The focusing characteristics are examined at 0.83 micrometers in wavelength using a laser diode. The feasibility of applying it to a high speed optoelectronic integrated circuit and a parallel optoelectronic computing scheme is discussed.
Memory dependence speculation tradeoffs in centralized, continuous-window superscalar processors (2002)

We consider a variety of dynamic, hardware-based methods for exploiting load/store parallelism, including mechanisms that use memory dependence speculation. While previous work has also investigated such methods, this has been done primarily for split, distributed window processor models. We focus on centralized continuous-window processor models (the common configuration today). We confirm that exploiting load/store parallelism can greatly improve performance. Moreover, we show that much of this performance potential can be captured if addresses of the memory locations accessed by both loads and stores can be used to schedule loads. However, using addresses to schedule load execution may not always be an option due to complexity, latency, and cost considerations. For this reason, we also consider configurations that use just memory dependence speculation to guide load execution. We consider a variety of methods and show that speculation/synchronization can be used to effectively exploit virtually all load/store parallelism. We demonstrate that this technique is competitive to or better than the one that uses addresses for scheduling loads. We conclude by discussing why our findings differ, in part, from those reported for split, distributed window processor models.
Mapping Electric Field‐Induced Switchable Poling and Structural Degradation in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films (2015)

For lead halide perovskite solar cells to be considered for large‐scale commercial applications, the active material must be proven to be fundamentally stable under relevant operating conditions, such as exposure to light, heat, ambient environment, and electrical bias. Reversible and irreversible effects upon applying an electric field under different environmental conditions are identified. The application of an electric field in inert conditions leads only to a reversible poling on a time scale of minutes, whose distribution is mapped throughout the semiconductor film. It is also found that the presence of moisture, and in general of small polar and hydrogen‐bonding molecules, results in an irreversible degradation in the presence of the electric field, which happens in a time scale of hours under conditions relevant for photovoltaic operation. The measurements here suggest that the irreversible field‐induced degradation in air occurs via a hydrated phase, in which the organic cation is loosely bound and can drift in response to an electric field, finally degrading the material to PbI 2 . This has direct relevance to perovskite solar cells; hysteretic behavior in current–voltage curves is aggravated by the presence of moisture while devices aged under load accelerates degradation.
Elit Process: Epitaxial Layers for Interdigitated Back Contacts Solar Cells Transferred (2006)

A novel approach for the silicon thin-film solar cells transfer technology was developed at INSA-LYON, named ELIT process (Epitaxial Layers for Interdigitated back contacts solar cells Transferred using porous silicon). In this paper, all the process steps are described. Starting from the formation of a double porous silicon layer on the whole substrate surface, a high crystal quality Si layer is grown by Vapor Phase Epitaxy. This single crystal epitaxial layer is then processed into solar cells by realizing all the contacts on the back side. Finally, these rear contacts solar cells are transferred onto a glass plate and separated from the initial Si substrate before TMAH texturation and deposition of PECVD SiN antireflective coating on the front side. Interdigitated Back Contacts solar cells (IBC) with an efficiency of 7.7% and 8.2% were achieved
When mobile is harder than fixed (and vice versa) (2010)

Sophisticated consumer mobile devices continue to approach the capabilities and extensibility of traditional computing environments. Unfortunately, these new capabilities and applications make mobile devices an enticing target for attackers and malicious software. Due to such threats, the domain of mobile security has been getting a considerable amount of attention. However, current approaches have failed to consider key differences and their practical impact on the security of modern platforms when adopting techniques from non-mobile (or "fixed") environments. To help demystify mobile security and guide future research, we examine the unique challenges of mobile environments ranging from hardware to software to usability, delve in the diverse security models of current mobile platforms, and present our five commandments of mobile security research.
Influence of heating and dipping technique on the morphology and second-order nonlinear optical efficiency of anisotropic thin films (2000)

Summary form only given. Recently, we studied horizontally dipped Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of a helicenebisquinone derivative. The molecules are organized into fibrous structures that are further organized into small domains (typically 50/spl times/100 nm). As a result the LB-films are anisotropic with a C/sub 2/-symmetry and a high nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Gidalevitz et al. (1998) recently demonstrated that melting can increase the order in anisotropic LB-films. Since, order is a very desirable feature in nonlinear optics, we studied the effect of heating on the NLO-efficiency of a LB film of the helicenebisquinone derivative. In addition, we studied the influence of the dipping technique. We used the horizontal and vertical dipping technique to construct 30-layer thick LB-films of a helicenebisquinone derivative.
SUBSTITUTION OF FAT WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF SQUASHES AND GOURDS FROM THE Cucurbitaceae FAMILY IN THE PRODUCTION OF LOW-FAT BUFFALO MEAT PATTIES (2021)

This study aimed to produce buffalo patties formulated with different types of squashes and gourds as fat substitutes. Kabocha squash, butternut squash, chayote squash, snake gourd and bottle gourd from the Cucurbitaceae family were used as the fat substitutes and buffalo meat patties with animal fat were the control. All patties were analysed and statistically compared in terms of physical properties and sensory acceptance. Generally, the moisture content, water holding capacity, cooking yield significantly increased for all samples compared to the control. The fat content reduced significantly below 3% for all fat-substituted patties, thus they can be regarded as low-fat. All fat-substituted samples were lighter in colour, with a harder texture than the control but the sensory analysis showed that the colour, texture, juiciness, flavour and overall acceptability of the fat-substituted patties were no different from the control. In conclusion, all the squashes and gourds tested were suitable as fat substitutes to produce low-fat buffalo patties, with chayote squash having the highest potential.