gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composite biomaterial repair strategy to restore biomechanical function and reduce herniation risk in an ex vivo large animal model of intervertebral disc herniation with varying injury severity (2019)

Back pain commonly arises from intervertebral disc (IVD) damage including annulus fibrosus (AF) defects and nucleus pulposus (NP) loss. Poor IVD healing motivates developing tissue engineering repair strategies. This study evaluated a composite injectable IVD biomaterial repair strategy using carboxymethylcellulose-methylcellulose (CMC-MC) and genipin-crosslinked fibrin (FibGen) that mimic NP and AF properties, respectively. Bovine ex vivo caudal IVDs were evaluated in cyclic compression-tension, torsion, and compression-to-failure tests to determine IVD biomechanical properties, height loss, and herniation risk following experimentally-induced severe herniation injury and discectomy (4 mm biopsy defect with 20% NP removed). FibGen with and without CMC-MC had failure strength similar to discectomy injury suggesting no increased risk compared to surgical procedures, yet no biomaterials improved axial or torsional biomechanical properties suggesting they were incapable of adequately restoring AF tension. FibGen had the largest failure strength and was further evaluated in additional discectomy injury models with varying AF defect types (2 mm biopsy, 4 mm cruciate, 4 mm biopsy) and NP removal volume (0%, 20%). All simulated discectomy defects significantly compromised failure strength and biomechanical properties. The 0% NP removal group had mean values of axial biomechanical properties closer to intact levels than defects with 20% NP removed but they were not statistically different and 0% NP removal also decreased failure strength. FibGen with and without CMC-MC failed at super-physiological stress levels above simulated discectomy suggesting repair with these tissue engineered biomaterials may perform better than discectomy alone, although restored biomechanical function may require additional healing with the potential application of these biomaterials as sealants and cell/drug delivery carriers.
Polyaniline/palladium nanohybrids for moisture and hydrogen detection (2018)

Palladium nanoparticles display fascinating electronic, optical and catalytic properties, thus they can be used for various applications such as sensor fabrication. Conducting polymers such as polyaniline have also been widely used in sensor technology due to its cost effectiveness, versatility, and ease of synthesis. In this research, attention was given to unify the exceptional properties of these two materials and construct palladium nanoparticle coated polyaniline films to detect hydrogen and moisture. Electrochemical polymerization of aniline was carried out on gold sputtered epoxy resin boards. Polyaniline film was generated across a gap of 0.2 mm created by a scratch made on the gold coating prior to electrochemical polymerization. A palladium nanoparticle dispersion was prepared using sonochemical reduction method and coated on to polyaniline film using drop-drying technique. Polyaniline only films were also fabricated for comparative analysis. Sensitivity of films towards humidity and hydrogen was evaluated using impedance spectroscopy in the presence of the respective species. According to the results, polyaniline films exhibited an impedance drop in the presence of humidity and the response was significantly improved once palladium nanoparticles were incorporated. Interestingly, polyaniline only films did not respond to hydrogen. Nevertheless, palladium nanoparticle coated polyaniline films exhibited remarkable response towards hydrogen.
Stimulation of endothelin-1 gene expression by insulin in endothelial cells. (1991)

The present study characterized the regulation of the genetic expression of the vasoactive peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) by insulin in bovine aortic endothelial cells. By RNA blot analysis, insulin (1.67 x 10(-8) M) increased ET-1 mRNA levels by 2.3-fold over the basal within 10 min and attained a maximum (5.3-fold increase) in 2 h. Dose-response studies showed that a maximum effect of insulin was reached at 1.67 x 10(-8) M although a significant increase can be observed at 1.66 x 10(-9) M. Radioligand receptor studies indicated that the affinity constant for insulin receptors on endothelial cells correlated closely with the dose response observed for ET-1 mRNA. The ET-1 mRNA half-life was estimated with actinomycin D studies to be 20 min in control cells and was not affected by insulin treatment. Moreover, the effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and insulin were additive in the induction of ET-1 gene expression. When protein kinase C in the bovine aortic endothelial cells was down-regulated by preincubation with 8 x 10(-7) M PMA for 24 or 48 h, insulin was still able to increase ET-1 mRNA levels whereas PMA was ineffective. Using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) fusion plasmid containing the CAT gene and the 5'-flanking region of the ET-1 gene (Lee, M. E., Bloch, K. D., Clifford, J. A., and Quertermous, T. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10446-10450), we observed that 1.67 x 10(-8) M insulin increased CAT enzyme activity and mRNA levels. The insulin dose-response curve observed for CAT activity correlated with that observed for ET-1 mRNA levels. These results suggest that insulin stimulates expression of the ET-1 gene at the transcriptional level via its own receptors. This effect is mediated mostly through a protein kinase C-independent pathway, suggesting the existence of an insulin-responsive element in the ET-1 gene 5'-flanking sequence.
Ultrahigh-Q Lithium Niobate Microring Resonator (2018)

We demonstrate ultralow loss monolithic integrated lithium niobate photonic platform consisting of dry-etched subwavelength waveguides. We show microring resonators with a quality factor of 107 and waveguides with propagation loss as low as 2.7 dB/m.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legend from Preclinical Characterization of AMG 330, a CD3/CD33-Bispecific T-Cell–Engaging Antibody with Potential for Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 24KB&lt;/p&gt;
A model for forward-diffuse scattering through a wall (2010)

In this paper a novel model for forward&#13;\ndiffuse scattering of indoor walls is presented which is&#13;\nsuitable for integration in ray-based prediction tools&#13;\nfor indoor environment. The model extends the&#13;\nalready-available Effective-Roughness (ER) diffusescattering&#13;\nmodel in a straight-forward way and allows&#13;\nfor a different scattering behaviour of the wall in the&#13;\nbackward and forward half-spaces to be described.&#13;\nThe model is checked against measurements on a wall&#13;\nsample and it is shown to sensibly improve the&#13;\naccuracy of the prediction of the overall scattering&#13;\npattern of the wall.
Half-heusler compounds for use in thermoelectric generators (2023)

A thermoelectric generator includes a hot side heat exchanger, a cold side heat exchanger, a plurality of n-type semiconductor legs arranged between the hot side heat exchanger and the cold side heat exchanger, and a plurality of p-type semiconductor legs arranged between the hot side heat exchanger and the cold side heat exchanger and alternating electrically in series with the plurality of n-type semiconductor legs. At least one of the plurality of n-type semiconductor legs and the plurality of p-type semiconductor legs is formed of an alloy having a half-Heusler structure and comprising Si and Sn with molar fractions of x Sn and 1−x Si, and x is less than 1.
Conformation of chiral alkoxyallenes by proton NMR spectroscopy (2000)

A comparison of steady-state NOE coefficients measured for 3-O-allenyl-substituted furanoses in [2H8]toluene solution with conformations generated by a molecular mechanics program allowed characterisation of the most favourable ground state conformations. The geometry assigned from NOE coefficients corresponds well to that obtained by X-ray structure analysis of allene 1.
Trust Evaluation in Anarchy: A Case Study on Autonomous Networks (2006)

With the explosive growth of network techniques, in particular wireless communications, the traditional centralized, fixed networks can no longer satisfy the enormous demands on network connectivity, data storage and information exchanges. New types of networks, such as pervasive computing networks, mobile ad hoc networks and P2P networks, emerged in recent years in order to provide solutions for the increasing requirements on networked services. All those networks are autonomous networks, because they are distributed and self-organized. As a case study, we employ a specific application – distributed trust management – to understand and analyze the behavior and properties of these “anarchical” autonomous networks. We propose a statistical trust evaluation rule, prove its convergence and investigate its characteristics when the system is at the steady state. Our investigation results in several conclusions for the design of trust evaluation rules, some of which are unexpected if we do not have the stationary distribution at hand. Our study shows the importance and necessity of applying theoretical analyses to understand the complex characteristics of distributed, self-organized, autonomous networks.
Patient monitoring and follow‐up in lentiviral clinical trials (2013)

Data from this small population suggest that there is no apparent risk for serious adverse events with the use of lentiviral vectors.
Polarization splay as the origin of modulation in theB1andB7smectic phases of bent-core molecules (2008)

We report a generalized scenario for the formation of modulated smectic phases of bent-core molecules based on locally ferroelectric layering and spontaneous splay of the polarization. Twelve phases are proposed, distinguished by neighboring splay stripes with either syn- or antiorder of the polarization and undulation slope, in addition to layer continuity versus layer discontinuity at the intervening defects. We outline the experimental techniques necessary to differentiate among the phases and interpret previous results in the present context, using high resolution x-ray scattering diffraction and block and undulation models of the layer organization to distinguish among the three 2D lattice types which emerge.
The Role of Catalysts in Functionalization of C-H and C-C Bonds (2023)

Catalysis is one of the fundamental pillars of green chemistry [...]
Quantitative activity profile and context dependence of all human 5′ splice sites. Wong et al. (2018)

Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential step in the expression of most human genes. Mutations at the 5′ splice site (5′ss) frequently cause defective splicing and disease due to interference with the initial recognition of the exon-intron boundary by U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), a component of the spliceosome. Here, we use a massively parallel splicing assay (MPSA) in human cells to quantify the activity of all 32,768 unique 5′ss sequences (NNN/GYNNNN) in three different gene contexts. Our results reveal that although splicing efficiency is mostly governed by the 5′ss sequence, there are substantial differences in this efficiency across gene contexts. Among other uses, these MPSA measurements facilitate the prediction of 5′ss sequence variants that are likely to cause aberrant splicing. This approach provides a framework to assess potential pathogenic variants in the human genome and streamline the development of splicing-corrective therapies.
Chemoreactome screening of pharmaceutical effects on SARS-CoV-2 and human virome to help decide on drug-based COVID-19 therapy (2021)

Background. So-called rational drug design is suboptimal when it comes to finding effective and safe drug-based treatment for COVID-19. Another approach seems promising: to reprofile the pharmaceuticals registered in the Anatomical, Therapeutic, and Chemical Classifier (ATC). Material and methods. Chemoreactome screening, a method that simulates the results of inhibiting viral growth in a cell culture, models the effects of pharmaceuticals on the human virome, and estimates the adverse effects of medicines, was used to reprofile about 2700 pharmaceuticals from the ATC. The information technology behind chemoreactome analysis is based on the topological recognition theory advanced by the Institute of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Federal Research Center for Informatics and Control, Russian Academy of Sciences. Results. Sixty two pharmaceuticals and 20 micronutrients were found to have a pronounced antiviral effect with minimal side effects. Comparison against data of basic research and clinical trials showed 31 out of 62 pharmaceuticals to have been independently confirmed usable in COVID-19 treatment. These inhibit coronaviral proteins and/or function as adaptogenic molecules that improve the functioning of cells exposed to viral stress. Glucosamine sulfate was found to have the best safety profile and minimum effects on the healthy human virome out of all the tested anticoronaviral micronutrients. Conclusions. Reprofiling of pharmaceuticals registered in the ATC could significantly speed up the search for more effective and safer drugbased COVID-19 treatments. Several micronutrients show promise for long-term coronavirus prevention, especially in the elderly.
Facile Preparation and Photophysics of Near-Infrared Luminescent Lanthanide(III) Monoporphyrinate Complexes (2003)

The synthesis, characterization, and single crystal X-ray diffraction structures of a series of monoporphyrinate, trivalent lanthanide complexes with the monoanionic ligands hydridotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) and (cyclopentadienyl)tris(diethylphosphinito)cobaltate (L(OEt)) having the general formulas M(TPP)(L) (M = Yb, Tm, Er, Ho, Nd, Pr; TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinate; L = Tp, L(OEt)) are described. The photophysical properties of these complexes are also presented including their absorption, emission, and transient absorption properties.
Rapid screening assay of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by measuring 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone with high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry from dried blood spots (2002)

Abstract A rapid, simple, and specific method was developed for the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) from dried blood spots on newborn screening cards based on high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS/MS). The usefulness of 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone (17OH‐P) determination on dried filter‐paper blood samples from patients with CAH caused by 21‐hydroxylase deficiency was evaluated. The LC/MS/MS detection of 17OH‐P was rapid, &lt;4 min. The intra‐ and interday accuracy and precision of the method were &lt;7%. Our procedure maintained good linearities (R 2 &gt; 0.992) and recovery rate (&gt;83%). We used this new method to directly determine the 17OH‐P levels in dried blood specimens from abnormal children of various ages, with a detection limit of 20 ng/ml (∼240 pg), to avoid the time‐consuming derivatization steps required by the gas‐chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. Four dried filter‐paper blood samples of CAH patients (three girls and one boy, 1–14 years old) were all quantified in an LC/MS/MS study and revealed high 17OH‐P levels (&gt;90 ng/ml). After treatment, all of the elevated 17OH‐P levels either decreased or disappeared. Compared with CAH patients, 17OH‐P was nearly undetectable (&lt;20 ng/ml) in the normal infants by LC/MS/MS. This LC/MS/MS assay is not only useful for both diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of CAH in all other age groups, it also can be used as a screening test for CAH infants. In this study, we provided the first data on 17OH‐P in dried blood specimens affected with CAH using HPLC/ESI‐MS/MS. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:20–25, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DIAGNÓSTICOS DOS TRABALHOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO DE POÇOS TUBULARES NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE (2007)

Este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar os principais problemas associados &agrave;s atividades de perfura&ccedil;&atilde;o de po&ccedil;os tubulares no Rio Grande do Norte. Os problemas est&atilde;o relacionados com aqueda de ferramentas dentro do po&ccedil;o e desmoronamentos desde a fase inicial de perfura&ccedil;&atilde;o, passando pelos desmoronamentos progressivos nos materiais fri&aacute;veis at&eacute; aqueles relacionados com a presen&ccedil;a de cavernas calc&aacute;rias, quando ocorre a fuga imediata da lama de circula&ccedil;&atilde;o e o po&ccedil;ocolapsa. Os principais problemas detectados que interferem na boa produtividade dos po&ccedil;os est&atilde;o assim relacionados: utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o de fluidos de perfura&ccedil;&atilde;o que terminam por impermeabilizar as paredes da forma&ccedil;&atilde;o geol&oacute;gica; descri&ccedil;&atilde;o insuficiente do perfil litol&oacute;gico posicionando inadequadamente os filtros, distribui&ccedil;&atilde;o irregular do pr&eacute;-filtro e sua qualidade; limpeza e desenvolvimento incompleto; gera&ccedil;&atilde;o de incrusta&ccedil;&otilde;es de &oacute;xidos de ferro e carbonatos em po&ccedil;os antigos, al&eacute;m da varia&ccedil;&atilde;o da condutividade hidr&aacute;ulica devido a aleatoriedade das interconex&otilde;es das falhas e fraturas, particularmente nas rochas cristalinas. Os riscos de acidentes que podem comprometer a seguran&ccedil;a e at&eacute; a vida s&atilde;o os mais variados poss&iacute;veis, indo desde o afundamento do solo e o processo de tombamento da torre de perfura&ccedil;&atilde;o at&eacute; a utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o inadequada de ferramentaspesadas, bem como a presen&ccedil;a de animais pe&ccedil;onhentos.
Federated Meta-Location Learning for Fine-Grained Location Prediction (2021)

Fine-grained location prediction on smart phones can be used to improve app/system performance. Application scenarios include video quality adaptation as a function of the 5G network quality at predicted user locations, and augmented reality apps that speed up content rendering based on predicted user locations. Such use cases require prediction error in the same range as the GPS error, and no existing works on location prediction can achieve this level of accuracy. We propose Federated Meta-Location Learning (FMLL) on smart phones for fine-grained location prediction, based on GPSt races collected on the phones. FMLL has three components: a meta-location generation module, a prediction model, and a federated learning framework. The meta-location generation module represents the user location data as relative points in an abstract 2D space, which enables learning across different physical spaces. The model fuses Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), where BiLSTM learns the speed and direction of the mobile users, and CNN learns information such as user movement preferences. The framework runs on the phones of the users and also on a server that coordinates learning from all users in the system. FMLL uses federated learning to protect user privacy and reduce bandwidth consumption. Our experimental results, using a dataset with over 600,000 users, demonstrate that FMLL outperforms baseline models in terms of prediction accuracy. We also demonstrate that FMLL works well in conjunction with transfer learning, which enables model reusability. Finally, benchmark results on Android phones demonstrate FMLL’s feasibility in real life.
The Three Pillars of Machine Programming (2018)

In this position paper, we describe our vision of the future of machine programming through a categorical examination of three pillars of research. Those pillars are: (i) intention, (ii) invention, and(iii) adaptation. Intention emphasizes advancements in the human-to-computer and computer-to-machine-learning interfaces. Invention emphasizes the creation or refinement of algorithms or core hardware and software building blocks through machine learning (ML). Adaptation emphasizes advances in the use of ML-based constructs to autonomously evolve software.
Abstract 11852: Role of Lox-1 in Mitochondrial Dna Damage and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation (2014)

Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial DNA damage could trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation during inflammation, and LOX-1 may play a critical role in this process. Methods and Results: We performed studies in cultured human THP1 macrophages exposed to ox-LDL or LPS,which are often used as inflammation stimuli in vitro . We examined and confirmed the increase in LOX-1 expression when cells were treated with ox-LDL or LPS. Parallel groups of cells were treated with LOX-1 Ab to bind LOX-1. In accordance with our previous studies in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, LOX-1 Ab markedly reduced ox-LDL- as well as LPS-stimulated LOX-1 expression. To assess mitochondrial ROS generation, MitoSOX™ Red mitochondrial superoxide indicator was used. Both fluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis showed that LPS induced (more than ox-LDL) mitochondrial ROS generation. Pretreatment with LOX-1 Ab significantly attenuated mitochondrial ROS generation in response to ox-LDL or LPS. Then we observed mtDNA damage in THP1 cells exposed to ox-LDL or LPS. Importantly, pretreatment with LOX-1 Ab protected mtDNA from damage in response to both stimuli. This was also confirmed by q-PCR (mtDNA/nDNA ratio) analysis. Further, ox-LDL or LPS induced the expression of phos-NF-kB p65, caspase-1 p10 and p20, and cleaved proteins IL-1β and IL-18. Of note, NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in response to ox-LDL or LPS in a similar manner. Pretreatment of cells with LOX-1 Ab treatment blocked or significantly attenuated these inflammatory responses. Conclusions: These observations based on in vitro observations indicate that LOX-1 via ROS generation plays a key role in mtDNA damage which then leads to NLRP3 inflammasome activation during inflammation.
Integrated optical payload envelope detection and label recovery device for optical packet switching networks (2006)

We demonstrate an integrated device for optical payload envelope detection and optical label recovery for optical packet switching. The device is designed to handle asynchronous serially labeled packets with variable length 40 Gbps payloads preceded by 10 Gbps labels. The device outputs two signals: 1. a payload envelope signal corresponding to the temporal location and duration of the optical payload and 2. an electrical label recovered from the optical label. The payload envelope signal has rise and fall times of 3 ns with 150 ps RMS jitter and is used to perform error free label erasure and rewriting. Error free label recovery is also demonstrated.
Familial Cancer Associated with a Polymorphism inARLTS1 (2005)

A genetic variant of ARLTS1 predisposes patients to familial cancer.