gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Multiprimary color display using a holographic optical element</title> (1998)

In order to reproduce the natural color of object on color display devices, such as CRT and LCD (liquid crystal display), the saturation of the reproduced color is limited by the gamut of the display device. This paper presents a method to increase the color gamut by using more than three primary colors generated by a holographic optical element (HOE). The light diffracted by HOE is used to generate multiprimary colors, and the color image with extended color gamut is displayed by LCD device. Both transmission- and reflection-type systems suitable for projection displays are proposed, and the capability of increasing the gamut is discussed. The experimental result using transmission-type HOE is also demonstrated.
Identifying Drivers of Catalytic Activity Through Systematic Surface Modification of Cathode Materials (2009)

To systematically study the effect of surface composition on the catalytic activity for oxygen exchange, (LSM) powder was infiltrated with various metal nitrate solutions (La, Sr, Co, Fe) and then calcined to deposit the resultant metal oxide on the surface of the powder. The elements chosen for LSM infiltration were selected because they are the metal constituents of (LSCF), which is initially a much more active cathode material. Results from LSM show a stronger effect from the addition of B site elements; thus, LSCF was correspondingly infiltrated with manganese. By comparing the different surfaces, a better understanding of the underlying drivers of catalytic activity is gained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the infiltrated powders were compared to those of LSM and LSCF to detect differences in surface properties. The catalytic activity was examined using temperature-programmed isotope exchange, where labeled oxygen was used to determine the temperature at which the material begins to exchange oxygen with the gas phase. Cobalt infiltration improved the performance of LSM the most, while iron reduced the apparent activity. This behavior is attributed to the oxygen-surface bond strength of the oxides. Overall, LSCF remains the most active material studied, even though it contains more iron than cobalt on the B site. According to XPS, the iron on the surface of the infiltrated LSM and that on the surface of LSCF are electronically, different, while the cobalt on both surfaces are similar. Therefore, the surface composition cannot be the only consideration in predicting catalytic properties. Furthermore, surface modification did not change the apparent rate-limiting step for oxygen reduction in the infiltrated materials.
New detection strategies through supercritical fluid chromatography (1986)

Abstract This article reviews the current status and developmental trends in detection for supercritical fluid chromatography. The “GC‐like” and “LC‐like” detection techniques are treated separately, while the needs of structural identification techniques for SFC separations are emphasized.
Privacy-Preserving Deep Sequential Model with Matrix Homomorphic Encryption (2022)

Making deep neural networks available as a service introduces privacy problems, for which homomorphic encryption of both model and user data potentially offers the solution at the highest privacy level. However, the difficulty of operating on homomorphically encrypted data has hitherto limited the range of operations available and the depth of networks. We introduce an extended CKKS scheme MatHEAAN to provide efficient matrix representations and operations together with improved noise control. Using the MatHEAAN we developed a deep sequential model with a gated recurrent unit called MatHEGRU. We evaluated the proposed model using sequence modeling, regression, and classification of images and genome sequences. We show that the hidden states of the encrypted model, as well as the results, are consistent with a plaintext model.
V2V Channels and Performance of Multi-User Spread Spectrum Modulation (2007)

Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications have drawn much attention in recent years. In this paper, we discuss tradeoffs between implementation complexity and accuracy of several stochastic channel models for the V2V environment, and then address spread spectrum system performance attained using these channel models. Two different propagation environments are considered: urban and open areas (highways). The necessity of employing non-stationary channel models to accurately represent the channel is substantiated by comparing stationary and non-stationary empirical model outputs with measured data. A framework to compare single carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (SC-DS-CDMA) and multicarrier DS-CDMA (MC-DS-CDMA) performance in V2V channels is presented, and bit error ratio (BER) performance of the schemes is provided for the two channels. Our comparison of single- and multi-user performance shows that MC-DS-CDMA performs better than SC-DS-CDMA in both V2V environments.
A framework for core-level modeling and design of reconfigurable computing algorithms (2009)

Reconfigurable computing (RC) is rapidly becoming a vital technology for many applications, from high-performance computing to embedded systems. The inherent advantages of custom-logic hardware devices, such as the FPGA, combined with the versatility of software-driven hardware configuration often boost performance while reducing power consumption. However, compared to software design tools, the relatively immature state of RC design tools significantly limits productivity and consequently limits widespread adoption of RC. Long and tedious design-translate-execute (DTE) processes for RC applications (e.g., using RTL through HDL) must be repeated in order to meet mission requirements. Novel methods for rapid virtual prototyping and performance prediction can reduce DTE repetitions by providing fast and accurate tradeoff analysis before the design stage. This paper presents a novel core-level modeling and design (CMD) framework for RC algorithms to support fast, accurate and early design-space exploration (DSE). The framework provides support for core-level modeling, performance prediction, and rapid bridging to design and translation. Core-level modeling enables detailed DSE without the need for coding. Performance prediction, such as maximum clock frequency, supports core-level DSE and can help system-level modeling and design tools to achieve more accurate system-level DSE. Finally, core-level models can be used to generate code templates and design constraints that feed translation tools and to rapidly obtain predicted performance.
Reducing the impact of influenza‐associated secondary pneumococcal infections (2015)

When administered prophylactically, we show that the Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) agonist PEG-Pam2Cys (pegylated-S-(2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl)cysteine) not only mediates potent anti-viral activity against influenza virus but also reduces the impact of secondary infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) by reducing (i) pulmonary viral and bacterial burdens, (ii) the levels of proinflammatory cytokines that normally accompany influenza and S. pneumoniae secondary infections and (iii) the vascular permeability of the pulmonary tract that can allow bacterial invasion of the blood in mice. We also show that an inactivated detergent-disrupted influenza virus vaccine formulated with the Pam2Cys-based adjuvant R4-Pam2Cys provides the host with both immediate and long-term protection against secondary pneumococcal infections following influenza virus infection through innate and specific immune mechanisms, respectively. Vaccinated animals generated influenza virus-specific immune responses that provided the host with long-term protection against influenza virus and its sequelae. This vaccine, which generates an immediate response, provides an additional countermeasure, which is ideal for use even in the midst of an influenza outbreak.
Superior Immunologic and Therapeutic Efficacy of a Xenogeneic Genetic Cancer Vaccine Targeting Carcinoembryonic Human Antigen (2015)

We have generated a xenogeneic vaccine against human carcinoembryonic antigen (hCEACAM-5 or commonly hCEA) using as immunogen rhesus CEA (rhCEA). RhCEA cDNA was codon-usage optimized (rhCEAopt) and delivered by sequential DNA electro-gene-transfer (DNA-EGT) and adenoviral (Ad) vector. RhCEAopt was capable to break tolerance to CEA in hCEA transgenic mice and immune responses were detected against epitopes distributed over the entire length of the protein. Xenovaccination with rhCEA resulted in the activation of CD4+ T-cell responses in addition to self-reactive CD8+ T-cells, the development of high-titer antibodies against hCEA, and significant antitumor effects upon challenge with hCEA+ tumor cells. The superior activity of rhCEAopt compared with hCEAopt was confirmed in hCEA/HHD double-transgenic mice, where potent CD8+ T-cell responses against specific human HLA A*0201 hCEA epitopes were detected. Our data show that xenogeneic gene-based vaccination with rhCEA is a viable approach to break tolerance against CEA, thus suggesting further development in the clinical setting.
Treatise on Controlled Drug Delivery: Fundamentals-optimization-applications (2017)

An introductory but detailed treatise which includes some 1,000 references and solved examples and end-of-chapter problems, making it useful to both students and practitioners. The pharmokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and biological and biopharmaceutical parameters pertinent to each route of administra
Fabrication of multi-air gap InP-based microstructures for widely tunable optical filters (1999)

InP-based microstructuring optimization is presented in order to develop the fabrication of highly selective and widely tunable optical filter for WDM applications. Technological constraints such as etching selectivity, etching anisotropy, sticking phenomena and residual stress are listed and their respective practical solutions are demonstrated. Opto-electro-mechanical simulations combined with this technological 'know how' have yielded to the fabrication of 8 air gaps InP-based microstructures suitable for production of optical filter demonstrators.
A Multiple Resolution Approach To Regularization (1988)

Regularization of optical flow estimates and the restoration of noisy images are examples of problems which may be solved by modeling the unknown field as a Markov random field (MRF) and calculating the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate. This paper presents a multiple resolution algorithm for maximizing the a posteriori probability associated with a class of MRF&apos;s. These MRF&apos;s combine the smooth regions found in Gaussian random fields with the abrupt boundaries characteristic of discrete valued MRF&apos;s. This makes them well suited for modeling image properties which vary smoothly over large regions but change abruptly at object boundaries. The multiple resolution algorithm first performs the maximization at coarse resolution and then proceeds to finer resolutions until the pixel level is reached. Since coarser resolution solutions are used to guide maximization at finer resolutions, the algorithm is resistant to local maxima and has performance equivalent to simulated annealing, but with dramatically reduced computation. In fact, the multiple resolution algorithm has been found to require less computation than local greedy algorithms because constraints propagate more rapidly at coarse resolutions. Regularization of optical flow problems and the restoration of fields corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise are explicitly treated and simulation results are presented.
Über 3,3,6,9,9‐Pentamethyl‐2,10‐diaza‐bicyclo‐[4.4.0]‐1‐decen und einige seiner Derivate. Über synthetische Methoden. 13. Mitteilung (1978)

3,3,6,9,9‐Pentamethyl‐2,10‐diaza‐bicyclo[4.4.0]‐1‐decen and some of its derivatives A simple synthesis for the bicyclic amidine 1 ( Scheme 3 ) is described. This base and the salts which were prepared from it show solubility characteristics which make the amidine a potentially useful reagent for salt formation of carboxylic acids and related proton complexes of bidentate ligands. Among the derivatives made from 1 are the sterically strongly hindered N ‐alkylated amidines 11 , 12 and 14 ( Scheme 5 ), as well as the stable crystalline N 1 ‐oxidoamidine‐ N 2 ‐oxyl radical 2 ( Scheme 6 ). The ability of the latter to serve as a paramagnetic chelating ligand for metal ions is illustrated by the preparation of a corresponding nickel(II) complex. The radical is also a source for the α‐nitronyl‐nitrosonium cation 4 which shows in its reactivity towards conjugated dienes and olefines some of the expected resemblance to singlet oxygen.
Application of Commercial Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectroscopy Sensors for Sub-ambient Carbon Dioxide Detection (2012)

Monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration within a spacecraft or spacesuit is critically important to ensuring the safety of the crew. Carbon dioxide uniquely absorbs light at wavelengths of 3.95 micrometers and 4.26 micrometers. As a result, non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy can be employed as a reliable and inexpensive method for the quantification of CO2 within the atmosphere. A multitude of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) NDIR sensors exist for CO2 quantification. The COTS sensors provide reasonable accuracy so long as the measurements are attained under conditions close to the calibration conditions of the sensor (typically 21.1 C and 1 atm). However, as pressure deviates from atmospheric to the pressures associated with a spacecraft (8.0-10.2 PSIA) or spacesuit (4.1-8.0 PSIA), the error in the measurement grows increasingly large. In addition to pressure and temperature dependencies, the infrared transmissivity through a volume of gas also depends on the composition of the gas. As the composition is not known a priori, accurate sub-ambient detection must rely on iterative sensor compensation techniques. This manuscript describes the development of recursive compensation algorithms for sub-ambient detection of CO2 with COTS NDIR sensors. In addition, the basis of the exponential loss in accuracy is developed theoretically considering thermal, Doppler, and Lorentz broadening effects which arise as a result of the temperature, pressure, and composition of the gas mixture under analysis. As a result, this manuscript provides an approach to employing COTS sensors at sub-ambient conditions and may also lend insight into designing future NDIR sensors for aerospace application.
Metabolic engineering of invertase activities in different subcellular compartments affects sucrose accumulation in sugarcane cells (2000)

Transgenic sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) lines were created to express altered invertase isoform activity to elucidate the role(s) of invertase in the sucrose accumulation process. A sugarcane soluble acid invertase cDNA ( SCINVm , AF062734) in the antisense orientation was used to decrease invertase activity. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase gene ( SUC2 ), fused with appropriate targeting elements, was used to increase invertase activity in the apoplast, cytoplasm and vacuole. A callus/liquid culture system was established to evaluate change in invertase activity and sugar concentration in the transgenic lines. Increased invertase activity in the apoplast led to rapid hydrolysis of sucrose and rapid increase of hexose in the medium. The cellular hexose content increased dramatically and the sucrose level decreased. Cells with higher cytoplasmic invertase activity did not show a significant change in the sugar composition in the medium, but did significantly reduce the sucrose content in the cells. Transformation with the sugarcane antisense acid invertase gene produced a cell line with moderate inhibition of soluble acid invertase activity and a 2-fold increase in sucrose accumulation. Overall, intracellular and extracellular sugar composition was very sensitive to the change in invertase activities. Lowering acid invertase activity increased sucrose accumulation.
Supplementary Fig. S2 from Avian Paramyxovirus 4 Antitumor Activity Leads to Complete Remissions and Long-term Protective Memory in Preclinical Melanoma and Colon Carcinoma Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Experimental inoculation of APMVs in mice&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table 1 from Adrenal Hyperplasia and Adenomas Are Associated with Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 11A in Carriers of <i>PDE11A</i> Sequence Variants That Are Frequent in the Population (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Adrenal Hyperplasia and Adenomas Are Associated with Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 11A in Carriers of &lt;i&gt;PDE11A&lt;/i&gt; Sequence Variants That Are Frequent in the Population
Multilevel regulation of HIF-1 signaling by TTP (2012)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a well-studied transcription factor mediating cellular adaptation to hypoxia. It also plays a crucial role under normoxic conditions, such as in inflammation, where its regulation is less well understood. The 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of HIF-1α mRNA is among the most conserved UTRs in the genome, hinting toward posttranscriptional regulation. To identify potential trans factors, we analyzed a large compilation of expression data. In contrast to its known function of being a negative regulator, we found that tristetraprolin (TTP) positively correlates with HIF-1 target genes. Mathematical modeling predicts that an additional level of posttranslational regulation of TTP can explain the observed positive correlation between TTP and HIF-1 signaling. Mechanistic studies revealed that TTP indeed changes its mode of regulation from destabilizing to stabilizing HIF-1α mRNA upon phosphorylation by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2. Using a model of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, we show that TTP-driven HIF-1α mRNA stabilization is crucial for cell migration. This demonstrates the physiological importance of a hitherto-unknown mechanism for multilevel regulation of HIF-1α in normoxia.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from STAT3 Inhibition Is a Therapeutic Strategy for ABC-like Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from STAT3 Inhibition Is a Therapeutic Strategy for ABC-like Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Selective-area nanowire photodetectors: from near to mid-wavelength infrared (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Semiconductor nanowires are frequently highlighted as promising building blocks for next-generation optoelectronic devices. In this study, we explore infrared photodetectors based on selective-area nanowire arrays, spanning the wavelength spectrum from near-infrared (NIR) to mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR). Examples of these nanowire detectors include: NIR GaAs photodiodes, NIR InGaAs avalanche photodetectors (APDs), NIR InGaAs-GaAs single-photon photodiodes (SPADs), short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) InAs photodiodes, and MWIR InAsSb photodiodes. The small fill factor of nanowire arrays, i.e., the small junction area, is advantageous as it causes significant suppression of dark current, which further decreases the noise level and increases the detectivity. In addition, by utilizing metal nanostructures as 3D plasmonic gratings, we can enhance optical absorption in nanowires through excitation of surface plasmonic waves at metal-nanowire interfaces. Our work shows that, through proper design and fabrication, nanowire-based photodetectors can demonstrate equivalent or better performance compared to their planar device counterparts.
Test coverage metrics for the network (2021)

Testing and verification have emerged as key tools in the battle to improve the reliability of networks and the services they provide. However, the success of even the best technology of this sort is limited by how effectively it is applied, and in today's enormously complex industrial networks, it is surprisingly easy to overlook particular interfaces, routes, or flows when creating a test suite. Moreover, network engineers, unlike their software counterparts, have no help to battle this problem—there are no metrics or systems to compute the quality of their test suites or the extent to which their networks have been verified.
Diameter Command Code Registration for the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Evolved Packet System (EPS) Status of This Memo (2009)

This document registers a set of IANA Diameter Command Codes to be used in new vendor-specific Diameter applications defined for the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Evolved Packet System (EPS). These new Diameter applications are defined for Mobile Management Entity (MME)- and Serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Support Node (SGSN)-related interfaces in in the architecture for the Evolved 3GPP Packet Switched Domain, which is also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS).
Radiation force produced by time reversal acoustic focusing system (2003)

An ultrasonic induced radiation force is an efficient tool for remote probing of internal anatomical structures and evaluating tissue viscoelastic properties, which are closely related to tissue functional state and abnormalities. Time Reversal Acoustic Focusing System (TRA FS) can provide efficient ultrasound focusing in highly inhomogeneous media. Furthermore, numerous reflections from boundaries, which distort focusing in conventional ultrasound focusing systems and are viewed as a significant technical hurdle, lead to an improvement of the focusing ability of the TRA system. In this work the TRA FS field structure and radiation force in a transcranial phantom were investigated. A simple TRA FS comprising a plane piezoceramic transducer attached to an external resonator such as an aluminum block was acoustically coupled to the tested transcranial phantom. A custom-designed compact electronic unit for TRA FS provided receiving, digitizing, storing, time reversing and transmitting of acoustic signals in a wide frequency range from 0.01 to 10 MHz. The radiation force produced by ultrasonic pulses was investigated as a function of the transmitted ultrasound temporal parameters. The simplest TRA FS provided focusing of 500 kHz ultrasound pulses and the generation of a radiation force with an efficacy hardly achievable using conventional sophisticated phased array transmitters. [Work supported by NIH.]
Multidisciplinary team dedicated to suspected heritable pulmonary fibrosis (2018)

Genetic testing is proposed for suspected cases of pulmonary fibrosis of genetics origin but clinicians and patients need advice about the related diagnostic and management issues. Because multidisciplinary team (MDT) has been shown to improve accuracy of ILD diagnosis, we evaluated the feasibility of an MDT dedicated to the indication and interpretation of genetic testing. The MDT met monthly, included pneumologists experts in ILD in adults, children, geneticists, radiologist. Hematologists, rheumatologists, dermatologists, hepatologists, and pathologists were also invited to attend. Since 2016, 70 patients (37 males, 33 females) were discussed, from 31 different centers (7 countries). Mean age was 46.4 years [0-71] including 3 patients &lt;15 years, and 3 dead. The CT pattern was assessed in 68 patients: UIP (n=10), possible UIP (n=11), inconsistent with UIP (n=43), no ILD (n=4). At the time of the MDT, rare genetics variants were considered as pathogenic for 43 patients: TERT (n=18), TERC (n=4), RTEL1 (n=1), PARN (n=1), SFTPC (n=8), SFTPA1 (n=2), SFTPA2 (n=2), NKX2-1 (n=3), ABCA3 (n=3), GATA2 (n=1). A familial screening was proposed for those 43 patients. Genetic conclusion was provisional at the time of the MDT (n=27): ongoing analysis (n=13) or whole exome sequencing without known rare genetic variant evidenced (n=4). The MDT therapeutic proposals were: antifibrotic drugs (n=23), best supportive care (n=4), surgical lung biopsy (n=2), steroids (n=7), lung transplantation (n=16), or watch and wait (n=9). Our experience shows that a dedicated MDT with genetic analysis is feasible including patients of all ages and provides a unique opportunity to improve knowledge and to adapt patient management and therapy.