gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-assisted photoemission from surfaces (2008)

We investigate the laser-assisted photoelectric effect from a solid surface. By illuminating a $\mathrm{Pt}(111)$ sample simultaneously with ultrashort 1.6 and $42\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ pulses, we observe sidebands in the extreme ultraviolet photoemission spectrum, and accurately extract their amplitudes over a wide range of laser intensities. Our results agree with a simple model, in which soft x-ray photoemission is accompanied by the interaction of the photoemitted electron with the laser field. This strong effect can definitively be distinguished from other laser surface interaction phenomena, such as hot electron excitation, above-threshold photoemission, and space-charge acceleration. Thus, laser-assisted photoemission from surfaces promises to extend pulse duration measurements to higher photon energies, as well as opening up measurements of femtosecond-to-attosecond electron dynamics in solid and surface-adsorbate systems.
Abstract 2338: Bioluminescent assays for measuringthemetabolic state of cancer and immune cells (2022)

Abstract In the tumor microenvironment, cancer and immune cells compete for limited nutrients and both must undergo complex metabolic changes to support their function. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of tumor growth, metastasis and adaptation, a comprehensive analysis of metabolic pathways is needed. Success of such studies requires rapid and reliable approaches for monitoring key metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and TCA cycle. Due to its inherent robustness, sensitivity and broad dynamic range, bioluminescence detection provides an attractive opportunity for developing such assays. Here, we implement a panel of bioluminescent metabolite assays (glucose, lactate, glutamine/glutamate, triglyceride/glycerol, cholesterol esters/cholesterol) to investigate the metabolic state of immune and cancer cells. We demonstrate flexibility of the assays in various volumes (96-, 384- well plates), sample types (2D, 3D cultures), automation platforms, and workflows, including detecting multiple metabolites in the same sample and monitoring metabolite changes over time by assaying multiple samples. We validate the performance of the assays by using metabolic pathway-specific inhibitors and demonstrating the utility of the assays as early indicators of cytotoxic T-cell activation. Finally, since metabolism is a dynamic process guided by fuel availability, we show the importance of medium composition when designing studies and suggest guidance for future work. In conclusion, understanding the crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment is required for next-generation drug development. Bioluminescent metabolite assays provide the sensitivity, throughput and robustness required for rapid evaluation of changes in major metabolic pathways and are well suited for novel inhibitor screening and drug development. Citation Format: Maggie Bach, Donna Leippe, Natasha Karassina, Michael Valley, James Cali, Jolanta Vidugiriene. Bioluminescent assays for measuringthemetabolic state of cancer and immune cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2338.
Thermally Switchable Polymers Achieve Controlled Escherichia coli Detachment (2014)

The thermally triggered release of up to 96% of attached uropathogenic E. coli is achieved on two polymers with opposite changes in surface wettability upon reduction in temperature. This demonstrates that the bacterial attachment to a surface cannot be explained in terms of water contact angle alone; rather, the surface composition of the polymer plays the key role.
Pharmacological characterization of a novel centrally permeable P2X7 receptor antagonist: JNJ‐47965567 (2013)

JNJ-47965567 is centrally permeable, high affinity P2X7 antagonist that can be used to probe the role of central P2X7 in rodent models of CNS pathophysiology.
Lifestyle Factors and Bowel Preparation for Screening Colonoscopy (2018)

Most lifestyle factors, including dietary patterns, exercise, alcohol intake and smoking, were not associated with suboptimal bowel preparation in Koreans. However, BMI > 25 kg/m2 was independently associated with suboptimal bowel preparation. More intense preparation regimens before colonoscopy can be helpful in subjects with BMI > 25 kg/m2.
Evidence for linkage position determination in cobalt coordinated pentasaccharides using ion trap mass spectrometry (1998)

A methodology to determine the linkage position of oligosaccharides is presented. In order to illustrate this technique, several oligosaccharides and disaccharides were ionized by electrospray and analyzed in a Paul trap mass spectrometer. Multiple stage tandem mass spectrometry experiments were used to determine linkage and structural information for the following four cobalt coordinated and singly charged ([M + Co-H]+) pentasaccharides: Lacto-N-fucopentaose I, II, III, and V. In order to differentiate between linkage positions, multiple low energy collision induced experiments with mass selected C type ions have been carried out in an ion trap mass spectrometer. Because of the coordination with cobalt, which directs the dissociation pathways, these C type ions undergo specific fragmentation reactions upon low energy collision induced dissociation. These dissociation pathways are unambiguously dependent on their linkage position, thus allowing differentiation between 1-->2, 1-->3, 1-->4, and 1-->6 linkage positions throughout the oligomers. Studies on various linked disaccharides and N-acetyl-disaccharides, which are smaller constituents of the pentasaccharides, were used to verify and confirm the results obtained from the pentasaccharides.
Abstract Interpretation of Stateful Networks (2017)

Modern networks achieve robustness and scalability by maintaining states on their nodes. These nodes are referred to as middleboxes and are essential for network functionality. However, the presence of middleboxes drastically complicates the task of network verification. Previous work showed that the problem is undecidable in general and EXPSPACE-complete when abstracting away the order of packet arrival. We describe a new algorithm for conservatively checking isolation properties of stateful networks. The asymptotic complexity of the algorithm is polynomial in the size of the network, albeit being exponential in the maximal number of queries of the local state that a middlebox can do, which is often small. Our algorithm is sound, i.e., it can never miss a violation of safety but may fail to verify some properties. The algorithm performs on-the fly abstract interpretation by (1) abstracting away the order of packet processing and the number of times each packet arrives, (2) abstracting away correlations between states of different middleboxes and channel contents, and (3) representing middlebox states by their effect on each packet separately, rather than taking into account the entire state space. We show that the abstractions do not lose precision when middleboxes may reset in any state. This is encouraging since many real middleboxes reset, e.g., after some session timeout is reached or due to hardware failure.
Fusion of Multiple Features and Ranking SVM for Web-based English-Chinese OOV Term Translation (2010)

This paper focuses on the Web-based English-Chinese OOV term translation pattern, and emphasizes particularly on the translation selection strategy based on the fusion of multiple features and the ranking mechanism based on Ranking Support Vector Machine (Ranking SVM). By utilizing the CoNLL2003 corpus for the English Named Entity Recognition (NER) task and selected new terms, the experiments based on different data sources show the consistent results. Our OOV term translation model can “filter ” the most possible translation candidates with better ability. From the experimental results for combining our OOV term translation model with English-Chinese Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) on the data sets of Text Retrieval Evaluation Conference (TREC), it can be found that the obvious performance improvement for both query translation and retrieval can also be obtained. 1
Theranostic Applications of Plasmonic Nanosystems (2012)

Metal nanoparticles have fascinated scientists since the middle ages due to their vibrant colors and have been used as colorant in glass windows and pottery. The colloidal chemistry resurged to popularity in the 1850s when Faraday first synthesized pure gold sol and called it “activated gold”. Since then, scientists across the world have tried to understand the origin of color in the colloidal suspension and novel material synthesis from bottom up approach gained tremendous popularity for a variety of application. Gold and silver nanoparticles have been in the focus specifically due to their biocompatible nature and their potential biomedical applications have been envisioned. The last two decades have specially seen the synthesis of anisotropic noble nanostructures that show exotic optical properties with a strong absorption in the NIR region. The presence of the “optically transparent window” of biological materials between 800-1300 nm where absorption of water and oxygenated/deoxygenated hemoglobin is minimal, has led to exploitation of the NIR characteristic of noble metal nanoparticles for various imaging, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This chapter details the fundamentals of plasmonic properties of noble metal nanoparticles, evolution of their surface chemistry, their promise as potential theranostic agents and safety considerations associated with their application.
Chimera states in coupled sine-circle map lattices (2011)

Systems of coupled oscillators have been seen to exhibit chimera states, i.e. states where the system splits into two groups where one group is phase locked and the other is phase randomized. In this work, we report the existence of chimera states in a system of two interacting populations of sine circle maps. This system also exhibits the clustered chimera behavior seen earlier in delay coupled systems. Rich spatio‐temporal behavior is seen in different regimes of the phase diagram. We carry out a detailed analysis of the stability regimes and map out the phase diagram using numerical and analytic techniques.
Direct current and microwave characterization of integrated resonant tunneling diodes (1995)

We present an integrated device fabrication sequence for GaAs/AlGaAs resonant tunneling diodes and the results of dc and microwave characterization of the integrated devices. The development of an integrated structure represents a first step toward monolithic or hybrid integration for applications such as oscillators in the 100 GHz–1 THz range. The use of a proton implant in addition to a mesa etch for device isolation allows low parasitic capacitance connections to bond pads, interconnects, or radiating elements. The dc and microwave measurement procedures and an equivalent circuit topology for the integrated device are described. Several features associated with the integrated geometry, including a decrease in peak current density with increasing device diameter, are observed in a study of the current-voltage characteristics of devices with various diameters. Contact resistances are determined from a physically based model and compared with experimental results. Microwave characterization techniques are used to obtain microwave equivalent circuit parameters for the integrated diodes. Device capacitance and conductance are presented as functions of device dimension and bias voltage. Parasitic circuit elements, including series resistance and a capacitance and resistance associated with the proton bombardment used to define the mesa, are also determined from the microwave analysis. The results obtained from microwave impedance measurements are compared with parameters obtained from dc characterization and numerical simulations of comparable device structures.
Bayesian Integration Using Resistivity and Lithology for Improving Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity (2021)

Abstract The characterization of spatially heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity ( K ) is important in groundwater resources management. We propose a Bayesian statistical method that integrates multiple secondary data (continuous and category data) with primary data ( K ) to improve regional K field characterization. Considering the disparity of the data scale, spatial scarcity of primary and secondary data, and need for regional‐scale site characterization, the aquifer thickness is used as the scale for data integration. We transform the high‐resolution secondary data to the scale of K and perform linear/nonlinear regression analyses for the transformed secondary data and primary data. A Bayesian approach using Metropolis‐within‐Gibbs sampling is developed for jointly integrating the primary and transformed secondary data without a limitation on the type of data attribute and the number of data set. A synthetic example is first presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method. Results show that the correlation strength, not the relation type, is the primary factor for improving the estimates. The Bayesian method is applied to Choushui River alluvial fan in Taiwan. Resistivity logs and a lithological description are first upscaled and then simultaneously integrated in the K estimation. Results indicate that the improvement of the K estimate obtained using resistivity data is higher in the proximal and mid fans but lower in the distal fan compared to that obtained using lithofacies data. Jointly integrating two‐attribute data outperforms using one or no secondary data set for K estimates. The proposed Bayesian integration method is thus versatile and suitable for large‐scale aquifer characterization.
Phase Change Optical Disk Using Land and Groove Method Applicable to Proposed Super Density Rewritable Disc Specifications (1996)

We have developed high-recording-density phase change optical disks applicable to the proposed Super Density Rewritable Disc (SD-RAM) specifications using the land and groove method. From experiments we confirmed that GeSbTe phase change optical disks employing this recording method have the following tolerances; ±12/±9 mrad for radial tilt during reading/writing; ±11/±8 mrad for tangential tilt during reading/writing; more than ±0.07 µm for offtrack free from cross track erase.
A proteomic method for the analysis of changes in protein concentrations in response to systemic perturbations using metabolic incorporation of stable isotopes and mass spectrometry (2005)

While several techniques exist for assessing quantitative differences among proteomes representing different cell states, methods for assessing how these differences are mediated are largely missing. We present a method that allows one to differentiate between cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, degradation and PTMs which affect protein concentrations. An induced systemic perturbation of a cell culture was coupled to a replacement of the growth medium to one highly enriched in the stable isotope 15N. The relative abundance of the 15N- and 14N-enriched forms of proteins, isolated from cell cultures harvested at time points following the onset of the perturbation, were determined by MS. Alterations in protein synthesis and degradation were quantified by comparing proteins isolated from perturbed and unperturbed cultures, respectively. The method was evaluated by subjecting HeLa cells to heat stress. As expected, a number of known heat shock proteins (Hsp) increased in concentration during heat stress. For Hsp27, increased de novo synthesis accounted for the concentration increase, while for Hsp70, decreased degradation accounted for the increase. A protein that was detected only after prolonged heat stress, vimentin, was not primarily synthesized de novo, but appeared rather as a result of PTM.
Lessons Learned from the Development and Roll-Out of the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Zaire ebolavirus Vaccine to Inform Marburg Virus and Sudan ebolavirus Vaccines (2022)

This review describes key aspects of the development of the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine and key activities which are continuing to further expand our knowledge of the product. Extensive partnerships and innovative approaches were used to address the various challenges encountered during this process. The rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine was initially approved by the European Medicines Agency and prequalified by the World Health Organization in November 2019. It was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in December 2019 and approved in five African countries within 90 days of prequalification. The development resulted in the first stockpile of a registered Ebola vaccine that is available to support outbreak response. This also provides insights into how the example of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP can inform the development of vaccines for <i>Sudan ebolavirus</i>, Marburg virus, and other emerging epidemic diseases in terms of the types of approaches and data needed to support product registration, availability, and the use of a filovirus vaccine.
Molecular conformation of a peptide fragment of transthyretin in an amyloid fibril (2002)

The molecular conformation of peptide fragment 105-115 of transthyretin, TTR(105-115), previously shown to form amyloid fibrils in vitro, has been determined by magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 13C and 15N linewidth measurements indicate that TTR(105-115) forms a highly ordered structure with each amino acid in a unique environment. 2D 13C-13C and 15N-13C-13C chemical shift correlation experiments, performed on three fibril samples uniformly 13C,15N-labeled in consecutive stretches of 4 aa, allowed the complete sequence-specific backbone and side-chain 13C and 15N resonance assignments to be obtained for residues 105-114. Analysis of the 15N, 13CO, 13Calpha, and 13Cbeta chemical shifts allowed quantitative predictions to be made for the backbone torsion angles phi and psi. Furthermore, four backbone 13C-15N distances were determined in two selectively 13C,15N-labeled fibril samples by using rotational-echo double-resonance NMR. The results show that TTR(105-115) adopts an extended beta-strand conformation that is similar to that found in the native protein except for substantial differences in the vicinity of the proline residue.
Cyclization kinetics and biological evaluation of an anticancer 1,2-dialkynylimidazole (2010)

1,2-Dialkynylimidazoles have been reported to undergo thermal cyclization/rearrangement to diradical and carbene intermediates. Optimization of the synthesis of the 1,2-dialkynylimidazole has provided sufficient material for kinetic and biological studies. The 1,2-dialkynylimidazole is cytotoxic against a wide range of cancer cells and induces apoptosis in A549 cells. Experimentally-determined kinetics of the thermolysis of (E(a) = 30.0 kcal mol(-1)) are in excellent agreement with DFT calculations of the cyclization/rearrangement to diradical and cyclopentapyrazine carbene intermediates (E(a) = 29.7 kcal mol(-1)). Commensurate with the relatively high barrier for cyclization of , no evidence for cleavage of supercoiled DNA under physiological conditions was found; however, under aqueous conditions at 70 degrees C formed a covalent adduct with a model peptide. These studies indicate that if cyclization of is involved in its anticancer activity, the cyclization must be facilitated, perhaps through initial protein binding, which could lead to covalent protein modification.
Living 1,2-Olefin-Insertion Polymerizations Initiated by Palladium(II) Alkyl Complexes: Block Copolymers and a Route to Polyacetylene-Hydrocarbon Diblocks (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleLiving 1,2-Olefin-Insertion Polymerizations Initiated by Palladium(II) Alkyl Complexes: Block Copolymers and a Route to Polyacetylene-Hydrocarbon DiblocksAdam L. Safir and Bruce M. NovakCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 15, 5396–5398Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00119a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00119a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Normalized detectivity as a function of diffusion length for SPRITE detectors (1993)

This paper suggests a method for normalization of D* for SPRITE detectors with respect to MTF-limiting parameters, primarily the diffusion spread. The purpose of the normalization is to obtain a single performance parameter for the SPRITE detector to make it more objectively comparable with conventional detectors with discrete elements. The recalculation ratio is the rms noise calculated with a filter that compensates the impulse response back to a square pulse divided by the rms noise of the SPRITE element with no compensating filters. In this paper two filters are used: one that fully compensates back to a square impulse response, and one that compensates the MTF at two selected frequencies. The recalculation ratio is calculated as a function of diffusion length with the ratio element length/(carrier life time* scan speed) (L/vt) as a parameter. The results show very little variation with L/vt, so the results should be valid for most applications for the SPRITE detector.
ChemInform Abstract: A Photoelectrochemical Cell Based on an Apparently Supra‐Band‐Edge Reaction; p‐Si/NH3 + KI/NH3 + K/Pt. (1987)

Abstract The photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) formed by the title chain is an autoregenerated PEC which exhibits an open‐circuit photopotential of 0.5 V and a short‐circuit photocurrent of 1.2 mA cm ‐2 under low light intensity.
Cross-track transition location and transition parameter effects in heat-assisted magnetic recording (2005)

When conventional longitudinal and perpendicular magnetic recording architectures reach their well-known superparamagnetic limits, one candidate to break through the limit is heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). In this paper, we investigate the effect of cross-track transition location and transition parameter (a-parameter) profiles in an HAMR system. Here, we apply microtrack modeling and the thermal Williams-Comstock model to longitudinal recording to determine the transition location and a-parameter profiles along the cross-track direction in the presence of a temperature profile. We then explore the effect of temperature on the isolated transition response of the system.