gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using genome-Wwide complex trait analysis to quantify 'missing heritability' in Parkinson's disease (2012)

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successful at identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly associated with common traits; however, a great deal of the heritable variation associated with common traits remains unaccounted for within the genome. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) is a statistical method that applies a linear mixed model to estimate phenotypic variance of complex traits explained by genome-wide SNPs, including those not associated with the trait in a GWAS. We applied GCTA to 8 cohorts containing 7096 case and 19 455 control individuals of European ancestry in order to examine the missing heritability present in Parkinson's disease (PD). We meta-analyzed our initial results to produce robust heritability estimates for PD types across cohorts. Our results identify 27% (95% CI 17-38, P = 8.08E - 08) phenotypic variance associated with all types of PD, 15% (95% CI -0.2 to 33, P = 0.09) phenotypic variance associated with early-onset PD and 31% (95% CI 17-44, P = 1.34E - 05) phenotypic variance associated with late-onset PD. This is a substantial increase from the genetic variance identified by top GWAS hits alone (between 3 and 5%) and indicates there are substantially more risk loci to be identified. Our results suggest that although GWASs are a useful tool in identifying the most common variants associated with complex disease, a great deal of common variants of small effect remain to be discovered. © Published by Oxford University Press 2012.
436 Additive chest leads increase the diagnostic accuracy of the ECG in patients with Brugada syndrome (2005)

positive electrophysiologic testing and syncope had appropriate shocks.7 out of the 8 pts who had appropriate shock had type 1 ECG BS pattern spontaneously.Inappropriate shocks were delivered in 21 (19%) (4 4-3 per pt) for electrical artefact on lead (7), SVT (6), sinus tachycardia (3), T waves oversensing (3) and for other reasons (2).It occurred to 33% of patients who had SVT documented before implantation and 15% of pts who hadn't.Conclusion: rate of appropriate ICD shock is low in patients with BS implanted in primary prevention.Actual criterions for prophylactic implantation appear to be too large with more patients receiving inappropriate shocks rather than appropriate.
Structure and Mechanism of the trans-Acting Acyltransferase from the Disorazole Synthase (2011)

The 1.51 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the trans-acyltransferase (AT) from the "AT-less" disorazole synthase (DSZS) and that of its acetate complex at 1.35 Å resolution are reported. Separately, comprehensive alanine-scanning mutagenesis of one of its acyl carrier protein substrates (ACP1 from DSZS) led to the identification of a conserved Asp45 residue on the ACP, which contributes to the substrate specificity of this unusual enzyme. Together, these experimental findings were used to derive a model for the selective association of the DSZS AT and its ACP substrate. With a goal of structurally characterizing the AT-ACP interface, a strategy was developed for covalently cross-linking the active site Ser → Cys mutant of the DSZS AT to its ACP substrate and for purifying the resulting AT-ACP complex to homogeneity. The S86C DSZS AT mutant was found to be functional, albeit with a transacylation efficiency 200-fold lower than that of its wild-type counterpart. Our findings provide new insights as well as new opportunities for high-resolution analysis of an important protein-protein interface in polyketide synthases.
Reabilitação implantossuportada pela técnica “all on four” após periimplantite mandibular: relato de caso. (2021)

realizada a instalação da prótese definitiva
Photoresist for Thermal-laser Imaging. (2000)

Two-type-azide compounds for thermal-laser photoresists have been investigated. One was an azide-pendant poly(vinyl ether) as a binder polymer for positive imaging, and the other was a cyanine dye azide for negative imaging.
High-density mapping in patients undergoing ablation of atrial fibrillation with the fourth-generation cryoballoon and the new spiral mapping catheter (2020)

High-density mapping after cryoballoon ablation using CB4G and the new SMC identifies incomplete PVI, not detected by the new SMC, in a significantly lower proportion of veins compared to HDM performed after the other generation CB ablation.
High throughput (2013)

The 802.11n standard is the high throughput amendment to the 802.11 standard. This section describes all the aspects of the physical layer which increase the data rate. MIMO/SDM is a key feature of 802.11n, which is discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. The other significant increase in data rate is derived from the new 40 MHz channel width. This section also discusses short guard interval, Greenfield preamble, and other modifications to the 20 MHz waveform.
Electronic Spectroscopy of Gold(I) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurin Derivatives (1996)

Absorption and emission spectra of Au(I) derivatives of wild-type (WT) and Met121Gly Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin have measured: Au(I) WT absorption at 308 nm is attributable to a Au(I)-centered 5d → 6p transition; the corresponding emission is observed at 580 nm at 77 K. Blue shifts (relative to WT) of the absorption and emission bands in the Au(I) Met121Gly protein suggest that there is enhanced axial interaction with the metal ion in the binding-site cavity.
Fabrication of high-efficiency zone plate array with oblique incidence configuration. (1988)

A micro Fresnel zone plate has a special merit of its planar structure and flexibility in .the design of focusing charcteristics, which may be attractive as the micro-optical component for the input/output coupling a for opto-electronic systems. The present report describes a configuration of a spatially divided beam splitter using a rod lens and a linear zone plate array with oblique incidence. A linear zone plate array with the linewidth changed from 0.9 to 2 ,um was fabricated by holographic exposure and printing with deep UV light contacted exposure. At oblique incidence, the diffraction efficiency reaches 60% under the condition close to the Bragg angle. By using a fabricated spatially divided beam splitter, the. simultaneous focusing and separation of a laser output are demonstrated.
An Engineering Review of the Farm Tractor’s Evolution to a Dominant Design (2018)

This article explains the origin and performance merits of the conventional farm tractor design, which has endured largely unchanged since the 1940’s. The article covers two main themes: first the historical context and external pressures that directed the farm tractor’s design evolution; and then an analysis on why the tractor’s proportions and force applications points are conducive to good performance. The conventional tractor’s weight distribution, wheel proportions, farming implement attachment, and frame construction are discussed.
Ceramic laser materials (2011)

Ceramic laser materials have come a long way since the first demonstration of lasing in 1964. Improvements in powder synthesis and ceramic sintering as well as novel ideas have led to notable achievements. These include the first Nd:YAG ceramic laser in 1995, breaking the 1 KW mark in 2002 and then the remarkable demonstration of more than 100 KW output power from a YAG ceramic laser system in 2009. Additional developments have included highly doped microchip lasers, ultrashort pulse lasers, novel materials such as sesquioxides, fluoride ceramic lasers, selenide ceramic lasers in the 2 to 3 &#956;m region, composite ceramic lasers for better thermal management, and single crystal lasers derived from polycrystalline ceramics. This paper highlights some of these notable achievements.
GnRH Activates ERK1/2 Leading to the Induction of c-fosand LHβ Protein Expression in LβT2 Cells (2002)

GnRH acts on pituitary gonadotropes to stimulate the synthesis and release of LH and FSH. However, the signaling pathways downstream of the GnRH receptor that mediate these effects are not fully understood. In this paper, we demonstrate that GnRH activates ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38MAPK in the LbetaT2 gonadotrope cell line. Phosphorylation of both ERK and p38MAPK are stimulated rapidly, 30- to 50-fold in 5 min, but activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase has slower kinetics, reaching only 10-fold after 30 min. Activation of ERK by GnRH is blocked by inhibition of MAPK kinase (MEK) and partially blocked by inhibition of PKC and calcium, but not PI3K or p38MAPK signaling. We demonstrate that phosphorylated ERK accumulates in the nucleus in a PKC-dependent manner. We also show that GnRH induces c-fos and LHbeta subunit protein expression in LbetaT2 cells via MEK. Experiments with EGTA or calcium channel antagonists indicated that calcium influx is important for the induction of both genes by GnRH. In conclusion, these results show that GnRH activates all three MAPK subfamilies in LbetaT2 cells and induces c-fos and LHbeta protein expression through calcium and MEK-dependent mechanisms. These results also demonstrate that the nuclear translocation of ERK by GnRH requires PKC signaling.
Using redundancy to enable interactive communication for moving vehicles (2009)

No abstract provided. The document was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Repeat polymorphisms in the Homo sapiens heme oxygenase-1 gene in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis (2017)

Longer poly-GT repeats in the HMOX1 gene are more common in African Americans with gastroparesis. Nausea symptoms are worse in subjects with longer alleles.
Proximal colon–derived O-glycosylated mucus encapsulates and modulates the microbiota (2020)

Colon mucus segregates the intestinal microbiota from host tissues, but how it organizes to function throughout the colon is unclear. In mice, we found that colon mucus consists of two distinct O-glycosylated entities of Muc2: a major form produced by the proximal colon, which encapsulates the fecal material including the microbiota, and a minor form derived from the distal colon, which adheres to the major form. The microbiota directs its own encapsulation by inducing Muc2 production from proximal colon goblet cells. In turn, O-glycans on proximal colon-derived Muc2 modulate the structure and function of the microbiota as well as transcription in the colon mucosa. Our work shows how proximal colon control of mucin production is an important element in the regulation of host-microbiota symbiosis.
Erythroid leukemia evolving from multiple myeloma (2012)

A 60-year-old man presented with an IgG monoclonal paraprotein (50 g/L) and pancytopenia (hemoglobin 77 g/L, white blood count 1.1 10 9 /L, platelets 75 10 9 /L). The bone marrow was hypocellular, lacking in normal hematopoiesis, but contained plasma cells. A diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made and the patient was treated with vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone, followed by an autologous stem cell transplant. The paraprotein disappeared after treatment. Three years later, the patient became pancytopenic once again. Bone marrow aspirate showed hypocellularity with 95% of the cells appearing with variable size, with round, often eccentric nuclei, chromatin of variable density, abundant basophilic cytoplasm, and occasional fine vacuoles (see figures). The morphology was compatible with early plasma cells and/or erythroid precursors. The continued absence of the paraprotein suggested remission of myeloma or nonsecretory plasma cells. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping showed low expression of CD45 and CD36, glycophorin positivity, and CD138 negativity that suggested erythroid lineage and a diagnosis of pure erythroid leukemia. Multiple karyotypic abnormalities were present. The patient rapidly deteriorated and died shortly after.
Development of mask-making process for CLM manufacturing technology (2002)

The extension of KrF lithography has become the major trend in semiconductor manufacturing due to the delay of ArF lithography. Therefore, various resolution enhancement techniques (RETS) are employed for sub 100nm node patterning. This paper introduces the 100 percent transmission PSM as a candidate for resolving the problems with previous approaches using a transparent phase-shift mask. CLM shows a high optical performance and relatively simple mask fabrication compare to other strong phase-shift mask. However, full-chip level CLM application is still under development due to the difficulty of mask manufacturing and lack of proper layout converting environment. In this paper, we covered mask-making process such as the quartz dry etch and defect engineering which are critical to CLM manufacturing. We made a test mask based on the basic CLM concept and evaluated its optical performance. Finally, we will show the feasibility of chrome-less mask manufacturing for real device application.
Large-scale Sparse Tensor Decomposition Using a Damped Gauss-Newton Method (2020)

CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensor decomposition is a popular unsupervised machine learning method with numerous applications. This process involves modeling a high-dimensional, multi-modal array (a tensor) as the sum of several low-dimensional components. In order to decompose a tensor, one must solve an optimization problem, whose objective is often given by the sum of the squares of the tensor and decomposition model entry differences. One algorithm occasionally utilized to solve such problems is CP-OPT-DGN, a damped Gauss-Newton all-at-once optimization method for CP tensor decomposition. However, there are currently no published results that consider the decomposition of large-scale (with up to billions of non-zeros), sparse tensors using this algorithm. This work considers the decomposition of large-scale tensors using an efficiently implemented CP-OPT-DGN method. It is observed that CP-OPT-DGN significantly outperforms CP-ALS (CP-Alternating Least Squares) and CP-OPT-QNR (a quasi-Newton-Raphson all-at-once optimization method for CP tensor decomposition), two other widely used tensor decomposition algorithms, in terms of accuracy and latent behavior detection.
MIMO-based Signal Processing of Spatially Multiplexed 112-Gb/s PDM-QPSK Signals using Strongly-Coupled 3-Core Fiber (2011)

We experimentally demonstrate 6 × 6 coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) crosstalk mitigation after simultaneous transmission of 3 spatially multiplexed 112-Gb/s PDM-QPSK channels over 24 km of a strongly-coupled 3-core fiber. The crosstalk in the fiber is about -4 dB and is almost completely canceled by MIMO processing.
Spinal shape changes related to posture for the Hong Kong and Indian populations (1996)

Researchers have recommended a trunk to thigh angle of at least 105 degrees to preserve the lumbar curve. However, with the rapid computerization of offices, even with a 105 degree trunk-thigh angle, most people suffer from upper-back and mid-back pain in addition to low back pain with prolonged sitting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spinal shape changes during sitting. A total of 20 subjects (10 Hong Kong Chinese and 10 Indians) were used. Fifteen points were marked on the spine and then digitized using a Science Accessories Corp., GP-12-3D, sonic digitizer. Seven postures corresponding to a trunk-thigh angle of 70,
Enhanced nucleophilic displacement in phosphinite esters (1970)

R. Engel, T. Santo, D. Liotta and D. Freed, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 646a DOI: 10.1039/C2970000646A
Unique signatures from printed circuit board design patterns and surface mount passives (2017)

Counterfeiting or surreptitious modification of electronic systems is of increasing concern, particularly for critical infrastructure and national security systems. Such systems include avionics, medical devices, military systems, and utility infrastructure. We present experimental results from an approach to uniquely identify printed circuit boards (PCBs) on the basis of device unique variations in surface mount passive components and wire trace patterns. We also present an innovative approach for combining measurements of each of these quantities to create unique, random identifiers for each PCB and report the observed entropy, reliability, and uniqueness of the signatures. These unique signatures can be used directly for verifying the integrity and authenticity of the PCBs, or can serve as the basis for generating cryptographic keys for more secure authentication of the devices during system acquisition or field deployment. Our results indicate that the proposed approaches for measuring and combining these quantities are capable of generating high-entropy, unique signatures for PCBs. The techniques explored do not require system designers to utilize specialized manufacturing processes and implementation is low-cost.
Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of MoS2 Films (2017)

Wet chemical screening reveals the very high reactivity of Mo(NMe<sub>2</sub> )<sub>4</sub> with H<sub>2</sub> S for the low-temperature synthesis of MoS<sub>2</sub> . This observation motivated an investigation of Mo(NMe<sub>2</sub> )<sub>4</sub> as a volatile precursor for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of MoS<sub>2</sub> thin films. Herein we report that Mo(NMe<sub>2</sub> )<sub>4</sub> enables MoS<sub>2</sub> film growth at record low temperatures-as low as 60 °C. The as-deposited films are amorphous but can be readily crystallized by annealing. Importantly, the low ALD growth temperature is compatible with photolithographic and lift-off patterning for the straightforward fabrication of diverse device structures.
Compressive sensing indoor localization (2011)

Location based services in wireless sensor networks are quite demanding applications especially in indoors, such that accurate localization of objects and people in indoor environments has long been considered as one of important building blocks in wireless systems. In this paper, we investigate sensor location estimation problem where a target sensor measures inconsistent signals as received-signal-strength or time-of-arrival from anchor sensors with known locations, whereas target sensor location must be estimated. We know that even in large scale wireless sensor networks, information are relatively sparse compared with the number of sensors. In such networks, the localization problem can be recast as a sparse signal recovery problem in the discrete spatial domain from a small number of linear measurements by solving an under-determined linear system. By exploiting the compressive sensing theory, sparse signals can be recovered from far fewer samples than Nyquist sampling rate. Our approach uses a few number of inconsistent measurements to find the wireless device location over a non-symmetric spatial grid. In this method, an ℓ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> -norm minimization program is used to recover the wireless user location. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulations with synthetic and real measurements.
Operational Reporting Using Navigational SQL (2008)

Ad-hoc analytics on top of OLTP data provides direct business value in that business users can directly interact with the system to gather information for decision-making. From a business user perspective, SQL requires - for a schema that is never changed - deep schema knowledge in order to express navigation along join paths even for simple queries. In this paper we introduce navigational SQL, a language that provides constructs specifically tailored for data retrieval in the context of operational reporting, such as a navigation operator that has explicit knowledge about join paths in a particular schema and gives the user an "application level view" of the tables. We motivate NSQL using examples from operational reporting and outline its benefits over materialized views and domain specific languages, which could also be used to address the issues with SQL described above fully or in part.
A review of the literature on gender and chemical fertiliser use in maize production in sub-Saharan Africa (2021)

Are there differences in men’s and women’s access to and use of fertiliser in sub-Saharan Africa? This article explores the issue through a systematic review of the extant literature on gender and fertiliser use in maize production. The findings show that indeed a gender gap in the use of fertiliser exists. More than a decade after the World Bank identified a gender gap in fertiliser use, there are no systematic national or global data sets comparing fertiliser use by gender. While farm input subsidies can improve women farmer’s access to fertiliser and have a positive effect on agricultural productivity for both men and women farmers, this approach has little effect on reducing the gender gap in agricultural productivity. The challenges associated with gender and fertiliser access and use are complex and there is no silver bullet intervention that can address the problem, particularly in relation to intra-household dynamics and social norms. Thus solving the noted problem, will require a holistic approach rather than “simple” sectoral interventions. Over time, suboptimal fertiliser use depletes soils. Nutrient use efficiencies worsen under soil nutrient mining and degradation, thus economic incentives for fertiliser investments are also eroded in such situations, resulting in a vicious cycle. The development of nutrient use efficient maize seed technologies could be an intermediate step.
Biological and Conformational Examination of Stereochemical Modifications Using the Template Melanotropin Peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp- Ala-Lys]-NH2, on Human Melanocortin Receptors (1997)

Examination of conformationally constrained melanotropin peptide (Ac-Nle4-c[Asp5-His-Phe7-Arg-Trp9-Ala-Lys]-NH2) on four human melanotropin receptors (hMC1R, hMC3R, hMC4R, and hMC5R) resulted in identifying the importance of ligand stereochemistry at positions 5, 7, and 9 for agonist binding affinity and receptor selectivity. A trend in ligand structure-activity relationships emerged for these peptides, with the hMC1R and hMC4R possessing similar tendencies, as did the hMC3R and hMC5R. alpha-MSH (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met4-Glu-His-Phe7-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2), NDP-MSH (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle4-Glu-His-D-Phe7-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2), and MTII (Ac-Nle4-c[Asp5,D-Phe7,Lys10]-alpha-MSH(4-10)-NH2) were also examined at each of these melanocortin receptors. Interestingly, the linear NDP-MSH possessed greater binding affinity for the hMC3R and hMC5R than did the cyclic analogue MTII. The peptide Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-D-Trp9-Ala-Lys]-NH2 demonstrated the greatest differentiation in binding affinity between the hMC1R and hMC4R (78-fold). Analogue Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe7-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2 resulted in micromolar binding affinity (or greater) at the hMC3R and hMC5R, demonstrating the importance of D-Phe7 for ligand binding potency at these receptors. Ac-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2 resulted in loss of binding affinity at the hMC5R, implicating the importance of Nle4 (or a hydrophobic residue in this position) for binding to this receptor. Ac-Nle-c[D-Asp5-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2 was unable to competitively displace [125I]NDP-MSH binding at micromolar concentrations on the hMC3R and hMC5R, suggesting the importance of chirality of Asp5 either for ligand-receptor interactions or for orientation of the side chain lactam bridge and the structural integrity of the peptide conformation. Energy calculations performed for these peptides resulted in the identification of a low-energy ligand conformer family that is common to all the ligands. The differences in ligand binding affinities observed in this study are postulated to be a result of different ligand-receptor complexed interactions and not solely to the ligand structure.