gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L- and M-band annular groove phase mask in lab performance assessment on the vortex optical demonstrator for coronagraphic applications (2019)

Coronagraphy is a high-contrast imaging technique that aims to reduce the blinding glare of a star to detect a potential companion in its close environment. Vortex phase mask coronagraphy is widely recognized as one of the most promising approaches. The vortex optical demonstrator for coronagraphic application (VODCA) is a test bench currently developed at the University of Liège. Its main goal is to optically characterize infrared phase masks, in particular vortex masks. We detail the layout and salient features of VODCA and present the performance of the latest L-band (3575 to 4125 nm) and M-band (4600 to 5000 nm) annular groove phase masks (AGPMs) manufactured by our team. We obtain the highest rejection ratio ever measured for an AGPM at L-band: 3.2 × 103 in a narrowband filter (3425 to 3525 nm) and 2.4 × 103 in a broad L-band filter. By providing measurements close to the intrinsic limit of science-grade AGPMs, VODCA proves to be a step forward in terms of the evaluation of vortex phase masks performance.
An Aperiodic Modulation Method to Mitigate Electromagnetic Interference in Impedance Source DC–DC Converters (2017)

Rapid voltage and current transitions in switched-mode power converter circuits generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) which may interfere with other electronic systems. High-speed (e.g., wide bandgap) switching devices can improve circuit efficiency and compactness, but may increase the bandwidth of the interference generated. The peak interference is concentrated at harmonics of the fundamental switching frequency, and so may be reduced by modulating the converter switching frequency. However, converter topologies incorporating more than one switching device may not be suited to modulation of the switching frequency, and coordinated modulation of other pulse parameters is required to suppress interference. A relatively simple implementation of a hybrid pulse modulation technique is presented to suppress EMI in a quasi-Z-source converter comprising an impedance-source network and GaN-based H-bridge switching circuit. The technique uses two anharmonically related periodic signals to generate a modulated sawtooth carrier, which in turn generates coordinated switching pulses aperiodically modulated in position and width within a constant switching period. Experimental results demonstrated 10 dB suppression of the peak interference with negligible impact upon the converter's efficiency or output voltage. The proposed pulse modulation technique and its method of implementation are generic, and are expected to be widely applicable to other switched-mode dc-dc power converters.
Contact Welding Mechanism With Bounce Arc on Ag and Cu Contacts in Low-Voltage Switches (2017)

This paper describes a basic mechanism of contact welding formed by bounce arc upon contact making, based on experiments and analytical simulation of thermal conduction in the contact. We measured the weld force after every contact making in a low-voltage condition (200 V ac). The arc current was set to 60-500 A using a reactor load, the arc duration was within 0.12-2.42 ms, and the contact materials were pure silver (99.99%) and copper (99.9%). In this condition, we clarified that the weld force increases depending on arc energy supplied to the contact surface. We also measured the melted area on the contact surface and clarified the area dependence on the arc energy. Considering the tensile strength of the contact material, we found that the real welded area corresponds to about 25%-40% of the melted area. We concluded that the evaporation of contact material is a significant factor in reduction of the welded area.
Adaptive traffic control system based on Bayesian probability interpretation (2012)

Traffic control (TC) is a challenging problem in today's modern society. This is due to several factors including the huge number of vehicles, the high dynamics of the system, and the nonlinear behavior exhibited by the different components of the system. Poor traffic management inflicts considerable cost due to the high rate of accidents, time losses, and negative impact on the economy as well as the environment. In this paper, we develop a traffic control system based on the Bayesian interpretation of probability that is adaptive to the high dynamics and non-stationarity of the road network. In order to simulate the traffic non-stationarity, we extend the Green Light District (GLD) vehicle traffic simulator. The change in road conditions is modeled by varying vehicle spawning probability distributions. We also implement the acceleration and lane changing models in GLD based on the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM).
Origin and evolution of the T cell repertoire after posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (2016)

Posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) effectively prevents graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but its immunologic impact is poorly understood. We assessed lymphocyte reconstitution via flow cytometry (<i>n</i> = 74) and antigen receptor sequencing (<i>n</i> = 35) in recipients of myeloablative, HLA-matched allogeneic BM transplantation using PTCy. Recovering T cells were primarily phenotypically effector memory with lower T cell receptor β (<i>TRB</i>) repertoire diversity than input donor repertoires. Recovering B cells were predominantly naive with immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (<i>IGH</i>) repertoire diversity similar to donors. Numerical T cell reconstitution and <i>TRB</i> diversity were strongly associated with recipient cytomegalovirus seropositivity. Global similarity between input donor and recipient posttransplant repertoires was uniformly low at 1-2 months after transplant but increased over the balance of the first posttransplant year. Blood <i>TRB</i> repertoires at ≥3 months after transplant were often dominated by clones present in the donor blood/marrow memory CD8<sup>+</sup> compartment. Limited overlap was observed between the <i>TRB</i> repertoires of T cells infiltrating the skin or gastrointestinal tract versus the blood. Although public <i>TRB</i> sequences associated with herpesvirus- or alloantigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were detected in some patients, posttransplant <i>TRB</i> and <i>IGH</i> repertoires were unique to each individual. These data define the immune dynamics occurring after PTCy and establish a benchmark against which immune recovery after other transplantation approaches can be compared.
Cholesterol crystals use complement to increase NLRP3 signaling pathways in coronary and carotid atherosclerosis (2020)

We demonstrate that CC are important local- and systemic complement activators, and we reveal that the interaction between CC and complement could exert its effect by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, thus promoting the progression of atherosclerosis.
Adaptive Unlicensed Band Access for Downlink Cellular Networks (2015)

Licensed band communication systems have recently begun trying to utilize unlicensed bands. Due to lack of coordination, however, this spectrum utilization results in strong interference to other unlicensed band equipment (UBE). This problem highlights the need for coexistence scenario that will prevent UBE performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a new access control mechanism for downlink cellular networks using the unlicensed band. First, we analyze the impact of the cellular networks on the UBE outage performance. Based on the analysis, we then obtain a decision threshold for the unlicensed band access control. In the proposed control mechanism, the decision threshold is adaptively controlled by considering the density of the UBE. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed access control mechanism guarantees the UBE's target performance under various network circumstances.
A Self-Consistent Substrate Thermal Profile Estimation Technique for Nanoscale ICs—Part I: Electrothermal Couplings and Full-Chip Package Thermal Model (2007)

As CMOS technology scales to nanometer regime, power dissipation issues and associated thermal problems have emerged as critical design concerns in most high-performance integrated circuits (ICs) including microprocessors. In this scenario, accurate estimation of the silicon junction (substrate or die) temperature is crucial for various performance analyses and chip-level thermal management. This paper introduces the notion of self-consistency in the junction temperature estimation by taking into account various electrothermal couplings between chip power, average junction temperature, operating frequency, and supply voltage. The self-consistent solutions of the average junction temperature are shown to have significant implications for various chip-level power, performance, reliability, and cooling cost tradeoffs. Moreover, a realistic package thermal model is introduced that comprehends different packaging layers and noncubic structure of the package, which are not accounted for in traditional analyses. The model is subsequently incorporated in the self-consistent substrate thermal profile estimation, which is discussed in Part II with implications for power estimation and thermal management in nanometer-scale CMOS technologies.
Streptavidin‐induced lysis of homologous biotinylated erythrocytes Evidence against the key role of the avidin charge in complement activation via the alternative pathway (1991)

It is shown that non-covalent attachment of streptavidin, as well as of avidin, to biotinylated human erythrocytes induces homologous hemolysis by complement. Rabbit antiserum against human C3 is found to inhibit the lysis specifically as compared with non-immune rabbit serum. Efficiency of lysis inhibition is greater for avidin- and streptavidin-induced lysis of biotinylated human erythrocytes than for antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes. In contrast to positively charged avidin (pI 11), streptavidin is a neutral protein. Hence, hemolysis of streptavidin-carrying erythrocytes is inconsistent with the suggestion on the crucial role of avidin charge in lysis. Membrane alterations (cross-linking and clusterization of biotinylated components) induced by avidin (streptavidin) seem to be a more plausible explanation for the lysis.
Biomimetic Entry to the Sarpagan Family of Indole Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of (+)-Geissoschizine and (+)-N-Methylvellosimine. (2003)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multicast scheduling mechanism to support less loss ratio for frequently used multicast service in multicast switch (2009)

This paper proposes a multicast scheduling mechanism to support the less packet loss for frequently used multicast services, so that it is possible to satisfy a number of users who are invoking for those services. A multicast switch on a multicast delivery path copies an input multicast packet to multiple output packets to send them to multiple destinations. When input multicast packets contend with other input multicast packets because of limited output ports, the multicast node selects some of the input multicast packets with the copy number of the multicast packets. By doing so, the proposed multicast scheduling mechanism supports more favorite multicast service with low packet loss. It means that frequently used multicast service is supported with better quality because the packet loss severely affects the quality of multimedia service.
Universality of non-Ohmic shunt leakage in thin-film solar cells (2010)

We compare the dark current-voltage (IV) characteristics of three different thin-film solar cell types: hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p-i-n cells, organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) cells, and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) cells. All three device types exhibit a significant shunt leakage current at low forward bias (V&amp;lt;∼0.4) and reverse bias, which cannot be explained by the classical solar cell diode model. This parasitic shunt current exhibits non-Ohmic behavior, as opposed to the traditional constant shunt resistance model for photovoltaics. We show here that this shunt leakage (Ish), across all three solar cell types considered, is characterized by the following common phenomenological features: (a) voltage symmetry about V=0, (b) nonlinear (power law) voltage dependence, and (c) extremely weak temperature dependence. Based on this analysis, we provide a simple method of subtracting this shunt current component from the measured data and discuss its implications on dark IV parameter extraction. We propose a space charge limited (SCL) current model for capturing all these features of the shunt leakage in a consistent framework and discuss possible physical origin of the parasitic paths responsible for this shunt current mechanism.
Avaliação espectrofotométrica das formas Cr+3, CrO4-2 e Cr2O7-2 (2010)

Um estudo espectrofotométrico de especiação das formas Cr+3, CrO4-2 e Cr2O7-2 foi realizado em amplo intervalo de pH de 2,0 a 12,0 em solução tampão Britton-Robinson. Os espectros de absorção das regiões ultra-violeta e visível são bem caracterizados, apresentando bandas nas duas regiões espectrais. A relação de absorbância versus concentração, para cada espécie química, permitiu conhecer o coeficiente de absortividade molar das entidades químicas.
Geometric Mistuning Reduced-Order Model Development Utilizing Bayesian Surrogate Models for Component Mode Calculations (2019)

Abstract Integrally bladed rotors (IBRs) are meant to be rotationally periodic structures. However, unique variations in geometries and material properties from sector-to-sector, called mistuning, destroy the structural periodicity. This results in mode localization that can induce forced response levels greater than what is predicted with a tuned analysis. Furthermore, mistuning and mode localization are random processes that require stochastic treatments when analyzing the distribution of fleet responses. Generating this distribution can be computationally intensive when using the full finite element model (FEM). To overcome this expense, reduced-order models (ROMs) have been developed to accommodate fast calculations of mistuned forced response levels for a fleet of random IBRs. Usually, ROMs can be classified by two main families: frequency-based and geometry-based methods. Frequency-based ROMs assume mode shapes do not change due to mistuning. However, this assumption has been shown to cause errors that propagate to the fleet distribution. To circumvent these errors, geometry-based ROMs have been developed to provide accurate predictions. However, these methods require recalculating modal data during ROM formulations. This increases the computational expense in computing fleet distributions. A new geometry-based ROM is presented to reduce this cost. The developed ROM utilizes a Bayesian surrogate model in place of sector modal calculations required in ROM formulations. The method, surrogate modal analysis for geometry mistuning assessments (SMAGMA), will propagate uncertainties of the surrogate prediction to forced response. ROM accuracies are compared to the true forced response levels and results computed by a frequency-based ROM.
Design of a Bufferless Photonic Clos Network-on-Chip Architecture (2012)

On-chip photonic waveguides have been proposed as a feasible replacement for the long interconnects that cause speed and power bottlenecks. Along with recent advancements in nanophotonic technologies, we believe that combining on-chip waveguides with high-radix Network on Chip (NoC) topologies is a promising way to improve NoC performance. In this paper, we propose the BufferLess phOtonic ClOs Network (BLOCON) to exploit silicon photonics. We propose a scheduling algorithm named Sustained and Informed Dual Round-Robin Matching (SIDRRM) to solve the output contention problem, a path allocation scheme named Distributed and Informed Path Allocation (DIPA) to solve the Clos network routing problem, and a methodology to achieve an optimal off-chip laser-power budget. In the simulation results, we show that with SIDRRM and DIPA, BLOCON improves the delay and on-chip power performance of the compared electrical and photonic NoC architectures over synthetic traffic patterns and SPLASH-2 traces.
Robust and Consistent Sampling (2009)

We address a sampling problem in which the goal is to approximate a signal from its nonideal (generalized) samples. The reconstruction is constrained to lie in a subspace, and to be consistent with the measured samples. It is well known how to obtain a consistent approximation, if the sampling and reconstruction spaces satisfy a certain direct sum condition. Here we show when consistency can be achieved without the need for this condition. The proposed solution provides geometrical insight into the structure of the problem and extends previous treatments by finding a consistent and simultaneously robust approximation of the signal from its samples.
Generation and detection of broadband coherent terahertz radiation using 17-fs ultrashort pulse fiber laser (2008)

We describe the generation and detection of broadband terahertz radiation using an all-fiber laser. Optical pulses from a mode-locked fiber laser oscillator are compressed using nonlinear and dispersion effects induced in optical fibers, and 17-fs optical pulses with 170-kW peak power are generated at the wavelength region around 1.5 microm. By injecting these pulses into an organic crystal DAST (4-N, N-dimethylamino-4'-N"-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate), broadband terahertz field is radiated at 0.1-25 THz. The frequency region exceeding 20 THz is achieved with a fiber laser for the first time.
Finite Element Method Analysis of Nanoscratch Test for the Evaluation of Interface Adhesion Strength in Cu Thin Films on Si Substrate (2008)

Mechanical processes of the nanoscratch test are investigated using a finite element analysis of Cu/Ta/SiO2/Si multilayer films. The calculated stress distribution at the moment of delamination suggests that delamination occurs in a small region of approximately 100 nm. The driving force for delamination is the stress concentration due to strain-incompatibility at the Cu/Ta interface resulting from the large plastic deformation in Cu. The degree of stress concentration is found to depend on internal variables, such as plastic deformation, residual stress, and the elastic modulus, and on the magnitude of lateral force.
Electrically injected InP microdisk lasers integrated with nanophotonic SOI circuits (2008)

We have achieved continuous-wave electrically-injected lasing operation at room-temperature in InP-based microdisks heterogeneously integrated on a SOI nanophotonic circuit. The microdisks were evanescently coupled with sub-micron SOI wire waveguides, resulting in up to 10 &mu;W waveguide-coupled unidirectional output power, with a measured slope efficiency up to 20 &mu;W/mA. A tunnel junction was used for efficient electrical injection with low optical absorption. The measured laser performance agrees well with calculations based on a standard laser model. This model suggests that considerable improvement in laser performance is possible.
Performance improvement in decision feedback equalisers by using ‘soft decision’ (1988)

A method to introduce ‘soft decisions’ in a decision feedback equaliser is presented. The method gives a performance improvement in SNR of about 1.5 dB with almost no increase in complexity compared to an ordindary DFE.
Piezoelectric 10W DC/DC converter for space applications (2011)

International audience
Morfessor and variKN machine learning tools for speech and language technology (2007)

This paper introduces two recent open source software packages developed for unsupervised natural language modeling. The Morfessor program segments words automatically into morpheme-like units without any rule-based morphological analyzers. The VariKN toolkit trains language models producing a compact set of high-order n-grams utilizing state-of-art KneserNey smoothing. As an example, this paper shows how to construct a language model for speech recognition in multiple languages utilizing only a minimal amount of linguistic resources. Morfessor and VariKN also have other applications in text understanding, information retrieval and machine translation. Unsupervised machine learning techniques are particularly well suited for the development of systems for less-resourced languages, because they do not depend on manually designed morphological or syntactical analyzers or annotated data.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates: A Matched Case-Control Study (2013)

The risk of development of NEC is more than twofold increased in SGA neonates compared to AGA neonates. We found no association between the severity of SGA and NEC.
Microsatellite instability in inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplastic lesions is associated with hypermethylation and diminished expression of the DNA mismatch repair gene, hMLH1. (2000)

Twelve to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers display defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR), manifested as microsatellite instability (MSI). In this group of cancers, promoter hypermethylation of the MMR gene hMLH1 is strongly associated with, and believed to be the cause of, MSI. A subset of colorectal neoplastic lesions arising in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is also characterized by MSI. We wished to determine whether hMLH1 hypermethylation was associated with diminished hMLH1 protein expression and MSI in IBD neoplasms. We studied 148 patients with IBD neoplasms, defined as carcinoma or dysplasia occurring in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. MSI was evaluated using multiplex fluorescent PCR to amplify loci D2S123, BAT-25, BAT-26, D5S346, and D17S250 in all cases. Lesions were characterized as high-frequency MSI (MSI-H) if they manifested instability at two or more loci, low-frequency MSI (MSI-L) if unstable at only one locus, or MS-stable (MSS) if showing no instability at any loci. Methylation-specific PCR was performed to determine the methylation status of the hMLH1 promoter region. hMLH1 protein expression was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Thirteen (9%) of 148 neoplasms arising in IBD were MSI-H, comprising 11 carcinomas and 2 dysplastic lesions. Sixteen additional lesions (11%) were MSI-L, comprising 11 carcinomas and 5 dysplastic lesions. The remaining 118 neoplasms (80%) were MSS. Six (46%) of 13 MSI-H, 1 (6%) of 16 MSI-L, and 4 (15%) of 27 MSS lesions showed hMLH1 hypermethylation (P = 0.013). Diminished hMLH1 protein expression in neoplastic cell nuclei relative to surrounding normal cell nuclei was demonstrated immunohistochemically in four of four (100%) hypermethylated lesions tested. In IBD neoplasia, hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation occurs frequently in the setting of MSI, particularly MSI-H. Furthermore, hMLH1 hypermethylation and MSI are strongly associated with diminished hMLH1 protein expression in IBD neoplasms. These findings suggest that hMLH1 hypermethylation causes defective DNA MMR in at least a subset of IBD neoplasms.
Landscaping the Cancer Terrain (1998)

Colorectal cancer can arise as a result of spontaneous genetic lesions or an inherited defect. In this issue,
 Howe
 et al . report that the gene defective in one of the inherited syndromes is
 SMAD4 , a member of a key signal transduction pathway. In their commentary, Kinzler and Vogelstein add this gene to a classification scheme for colorectal cancers that groups the offending genes as gatekeepers, caretakers, or landscapers. Landscaping genes such as
 SMAD4 have an indirect effect on the tissue that will eventually become cancerous and create an abnormal microenvironment for the cells, probably by acting in the adjacent stromal cells.
Budesonide as maintenance treatment in Crohn's disease: a placebo‐controlled trial (2005)

Patients treated with budesonide 6 mg once daily had a trend towards a prolonged time to relapse and lower CDAI scores compared with patients treated with placebo, but relapse rates were not significantly different at the 1-year end point.