gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure Complaint-Enabled Source-Tracking for Encrypted Messaging (2021)

While the end-to-end encryption properties of popular messaging schemes such as Whatsapp, Messenger, and Signal guarantee privacy for users, these properties also make it very difficult for messaging platforms to enforce any sort of content moderation. This can lead to the unchecked spread of malicious content such as misinformation on such platforms. In 2019, Tyagi et al. developed message traceback, which addresses this issue by allowing a messaging platform to recover the path of a forwarded message after a user reports it for malicious content. This paper presents an alternative to message traceback that offers more privacy to users and requires less platform-side storage. We term this approach source-tracking for encrypted messaging schemes. Source-tracking enables messaging platforms to provide the privacy guarantees expected from standard end-to-end encryption, but also helps hold the sources of malicious messages accountable: if malicious content is reported by a user, the source can be identified. We formalize security goals for source-tracking schemes and design and implement two source-tracking schemes with different security and performance tradeoffs.
Continuous Gas‐Phase Hydroaminomethylation using Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Catalysts (2013)

Gasphasen-Aminsynthese mit SILP-Katalysatoren: Die Hydroaminomethylierung von Ethylen mit Diethylamin zu Diethylpropylamin wurde als kontinuierliche Gasphasenreaktion (siehe Bild) mit einer trägerfixierten ionischen Katalysatorlösung eines Rh-Xantphos-Homogenkatalysators durchgeführt. Dieser SILP-Katalysator arbeitete hoch selektiv und war über 18 Tage stabil, wenn eine ionische Flüssigkeit mit möglichst geringer Basizität und Lipophilie in Kombination mit einem porösen Aktivkohleträger eingesetzt wurde. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High Areal Energy 3D‐Interdigitated Micro‐Supercapacitors in Aqueous and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes (2017)

Abstract The fabrication of high‐performance on‐chip 3D micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) based on MnO 2 pseudocapacitive binder‐free thin film electrodes (&lt;500 nm thick) with interdigitated topology is reported. An original technological process easily scalable to pilot production line is proposed on 3 in. silicon wafers. High areal energy (&gt;10 µW h cm −2 ) and power densities (&gt;10 mW cm −2 ) are reached on small footprint micro‐supercapacitors (4 mm 2 ) tested in aqueous electrolyte (0.8 V). Furthermore, the cell voltage of such MSCs can be increased up to 1.5 V with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids but at the expense of the areal capacitance. The performance in ionic liquid is in the same order of magnitude than the one obtained for aqueous electrolyte. The benefit from the 3D topology is clearly demonstrated when the surface performance is normalized to the electrode thickness allowing this study to obtain an interesting energy versus power tradeoff (&gt;10 µW h cm −2 µm −1 and &gt;1 mw cm −2 µm −1 ). This study aims at improving the energy density of MSCs while keeping high power capability, by combining the use of ionic liquids and the deposition of MnO 2 thin film onto robust and efficient 3D scaffolds.
Ethernet-Enabled Power and Communication Module for Embedded Processors (2010)

The power and communications module is a printed circuit board (PCB) that has the capability of providing power to an embedded processor and converting Ethernet packets into serial data to transfer to the processor. The purpose of the new design is to address the shortcomings of previous designs, including limited bandwidth and program memory, lack of control over packet processing, and lack of support for timing synchronization. The new design of the module creates a robust serial-to-Ethernet conversion that is powered using the existing Ethernet cable. This innovation has a small form factor that allows it to power processors and transducers with minimal space requirements.
Structure and dynamics ofC60andC70from tight-binding molecular dynamics (1992)

Structural and vibrational properties of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$ fullerenes are studied by molecular dynamics using a recently developed tight-binding potential model. It is shown that this tight-binding molecular-dynamics scheme has accuracy comparable to ab initio techniques and is very efficient for studying the finite temperature properties of fullerenes.
Upward continuation of EMI data for sensing of subsurface UXO in cluttered, multi-object cases (2010)

In subsurface UXO sensing, single field (SF) data arises when an excitation field produces a single, spatially distributed response field that is sampled from a number of different locations. Measurements from traditional magnetometers furnish such data, for which the essentially invariant excitation is the earth's magnetic field. Upward continuation (UC) of SF data allows one to calculate signals that would be received at a higher elevation above the ground without actually raising the receiver. This is done without having to solve for the actual target characteristics or location. The technique is designed to smooth out the perturbations from irregularities and near-surface clutter. Applied recently to broader band electromagnetic induction (EMI) data of the the GAP SAM system, UC has shown distinct benefits in suppressing the strength of near surface clutter signals relative to those from a deeper UXO. Here we investigate possible application to the TEMTADS sensor. Preliminary results suggest that here too the method may bring out the signal of an underlying larger UXO relative to discrete clutter or smaller shallowers items, thereby aiding discrimination. In future work resolution issues must be addressed.
Hemodialysis outcomes in a global sample of children and young adult hemodialysis patients: the PICCOLO MONDO cohort (2016)

The PICCOLO MONDO study has provided unique baseline and 1-year follow-up information on children and young adults receiving HD around the globe. This cohort has brought to light aspects of care in these age groups that warrant further investigation.
Benesudon, a New Antibiotic Fungal Metabolite from Cultures of Mollisia benesuada (Tul.) Phill. (1997)

A novel metabolite, benesudon, possessing antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities, was isolated from submerged cultures of the ascomycete Mollisia benesuada. Benesudon contains a reactive alpha-methyleneketone moiety which is believed to be responsible for its antibiotic activities, it reacts with cysteine and the reaction products are devoid of biological activities. Benesudon is the first secondary metabolite described from Mollisia benesuada, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic techniques.
LXRS AND FXR: The Yin and Yang of Cholesterol and Fat Metabolism (2005)

Liver X receptors (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are nuclear receptors that function as intracellular sensors for sterols and bile acids, respectively. In response to their ligands, these receptors induce transcriptional responses that maintain a balanced, finely tuned regulation of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. LXRs also permit the efficient storage of carbohydrate- and fat-derived energy, whereas FXR activation results in an overall decrease in triglyceride levels and modulation of glucose metabolism. The elegant, dual interplay between these two receptor systems suggests that they coevolved to constitute a highly sensitive and efficient system for the maintenance of total body fat and cholesterol homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the tissue-specific action of these receptors is also crucial for the proper function of the cardiovascular, immune, reproductive, endocrine pancreas, renal, and central nervous systems. Together, LXRs and FXR represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of numerous metabolic and lipid-related diseases.
Selenium Metabolism in Drosophila (2001)

Selenocysteine is a rare amino acid in protein that is encoded by UGA with the requirement of a downstream mRNA stem-loop structure, the selenocysteine insertion sequence element. To detect selenoproteins in Drosophila, the entire genome was analyzed with a novel program that searches for selenocysteine insertion sequence elements, followed by selenoprotein gene signature analyses. This computational screen and subsequent metabolic labeling with (75)Se and characterization of selenoprotein mRNA expression resulted in identification of three selenoproteins: selenophosphate synthetase 2 and novel G-rich and BthD selenoproteins that had no homology to known proteins. To assess a biological role for these proteins, a simple chemically defined medium that supports growth of adult Drosophila and requires selenium supplementation for optimal survival was devised. Flies survived on this medium supplemented with 10(-8) to 10(-6) m selenium or on the commonly used yeast-based complete medium at about twice the rate as those on a medium without selenium or with >10(-6) m selenium. This effect correlated with changes in selenoprotein mRNA expression. The number of eggs laid by Drosophila was reduced approximately in half in the chemically defined medium compared with the same medium supplemented with selenium. The data provide evidence that dietary selenium deficiency shortens, while supplementation of the diet with selenium normalizes the Drosophila life span by a process that may involve the newly identified selenoproteins.
Computer-aided detection and abnormality score for the outer retinal layer in optical coherence tomography (2021)

The CADe can use OCT images to segment ORL and differentiate between normal ORL and abnormal ORL. The CADe classifier also performs visualisation and may aid future physician diagnosis and clinical applications.
QoE-based Cross-Layer Optimization for video delivery in Long Term Evolution mobile networks (2011)

In this paper, we apply a Quality of Experience (QoE) based Cross-Layer Optimization (CLO) framework for efficiently allocating the network resources for video delivery in LTE mobile networks. Conventionally, the objective function aims to maximize the average user-perceived quality of all users by jointly optimizing the application layer and the lower layers of the radio communication system. We extend the conventional objective function by a new constraint that allows the network operator to set its policy to provide the video service with a target average video quality. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is used to indicate the user satisfaction of the video service. A comparison between our approach, an Application-Layer Rate Adaptation (ALRA) and a non-optimized LTE system is done by performing simulations using an OPNET LTE simulator. Results show that our QoE-based approaches lead to significant improvements of user-perceived quality, and additionally to significant bandwidth savings in the case of target mean MOS approach.
Silicon interposer with integrated antenna array for millimeter-wave short-range communications (2012)

A 60 GHz cavity-backed antenna array integrated on high-resistivity silicon is demonstrated. The antenna design makes use of Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV), silicon micromachining, and wafer-to-wafer bonding to meet the bandwidth and radiation gain requirements for short-range multi-Gbps communications. The fabrication process is presented. Simulated and experimental results show that the antenna element covers easily the 57–66 GHz standard band with good impedance matching and more than 5 dBi of gain. Several fixed-beam four-element antenna arrays demonstrate the capabilities for beam-steering across a range up to ±60°.
Development of an Yb optical lattice clock using a fermionic isotope (2009)

We have developed a one-dimensional optical lattice clock with ultracold <sup>171</sup>Yb atoms. The absolute frequency of the <sup>1</sup><i>S</i><sub>0</sub>(<i>F</i> = 1/2) - <sup>3</sup><i>P</i><sub>0</sub>(<i>F</i> = 1/2) clock transition in <sup>171</sup>Yb is determined to be 518 295 836 590 864(28) Hz with respect to the SI second. Details of the experimental setups and atom trapping results are also described.
Opposing effects on two phases of defense responses from concerted actions of HSC70 and BON1 in Arabidopsis (2015)

The plant immune system consists of multiple layers of responses targeting various phases of pathogen infection. Here, we provide evidence showing that two responses, one controlling stomatal closure and the other mediated by intracellular receptor proteins, can be regulated by the same proteins but in an antagonistic manner. The HEAT SHOCK COGNATE70 (HSC70), while previously known as a negative regulator of stomatal closure, is a positive regulator of immune responses mediated by the immune receptor protein SUPPRESSOR OF NPR1-1, CONSTITUTIVE1 (SNC1) as well as basal defense responses. In contrast to HSC70, a calcium-binding protein, BONZAI1 (BON1), promotes abscisic acid- and pathogen-triggered stomatal closure in addition to and independent of its previously known negative role in SNC1 regulation. BON1 likely regulates stomatal closure through activating SUPPESSOR OF THE G2 ALLELE OF SKP1 VARIANT B and inhibiting HSC70. New functions of BON1 and HSC70 identified in this study thus reveal opposite effects of each of them on immunity. The opposing roles of these regulators at different phases of plant immune responses exemplify the complexity in immunity regulation and suggest that immune receptors may guard positive regulators functioning at stomatal closure control.
Genetic Risk Prediction and a 2-Stage Risk Screening Strategy for Coronary Heart Disease (2013)

Objective— Genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic variants associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic risk discrimination and reclassification and apply the results for a 2-stage population risk screening strategy for CHD. Approach and Results— We genotyped 28 genetic variants in 24 124 participants in 4 Finnish population-based, prospective cohorts (recruitment years 1992–2002). We constructed a multilocus genetic risk score and evaluated its association with incident cardiovascular disease events. During the median follow-up time of 12 years (interquartile range 8.75–15.25 years), we observed 1093 CHD, 1552 cardiovascular disease, and 731 acute coronary syndrome events. Adding genetic information to conventional risk factors and family history improved risk discrimination of CHD (C-index 0.856 versus 0.851; P =0.0002) and other end points (cardiovascular disease: C-index 0.840 versus 0.837, P =0.0004; acute coronary syndrome: C-index 0.859 versus 0.855, P =0.001). In a standard population of 100 000 individuals, additional genetic screening of subjects at intermediate risk for CHD would reclassify 2144 subjects (12%) into high-risk category. Statin allocation for these subjects is estimated to prevent 135 CHD cases over 14 years. Similar results were obtained by external validation, where the effects were estimated from a training data set and applied for a test data set. Conclusions— Genetic risk score improves risk prediction of CHD and helps to identify individuals at high risk for the first CHD event. Genetic screening for individuals at intermediate cardiovascular risk could help to prevent future cases through better targeting of statins.
Effect of Low Dose of Fumonisins on Pig Health: Immune Status, Intestinal Microbiota and Sensitivity to Salmonella (2013)

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of chronic exposure to fumonisins via the ingestion of feed containing naturally contaminated corn in growing pigs infected or not with Salmonella spp. This exposure to a moderate dietary concentration of fumonisins (11.8 ppm) was sufficient to induce a biological effect in pigs (Sa/So ratio), but no mortality or pathology was observed over 63 days of exposure. No mortality or related clinical signs, even in cases of inoculation with Salmonella (5 × 10⁴ CFU), were observed either. Fumonisins, at these concentrations, did not affect the ability of lymphocytes to proliferate in the presence of mitogens, but after seven days post-inoculation they led to inhibition of the ability of specific Salmonella lymphocytes to proliferate following exposure to a specific Salmonella antigen. However, the ingestion of fumonisins had no impact on Salmonella translocation or seroconversion in inoculated pigs. The inoculation of Salmonella did not affect faecal microbiota profiles, but exposure to moderate concentrations of fumonisins transiently affected the digestive microbiota balance. In cases of co-infection with fumonisins and Salmonella, the microbiota profiles were rapidly and clearly modified as early as 48 h post-Salmonella inoculation. Therefore under these experimental conditions, exposure to an average concentration of fumonisins in naturally contaminated feed had no effect on pig health but did affect the digestive microbiota balance, with Salmonella exposure amplifying this phenomenon.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Functional Anatomy: Use for Small Animal Epilepsy Models (2007)

Neuroimaging has greatly assisted the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Volumetric analysis, diffusion-weighted imaging, and other magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities provide a clear picture of altered anatomical structures in both focal and nonfocal disease. More recently, advances in novel imaging methodologies have provided unique insights into this disease. Two examples include manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). MEMRI involves injection of MnCl(2) to evaluate neuronal activity where it is actively transported. Areas of neuronal hyperactivity are expected to have altered uptake and transport. Mapping of activation along preferential uptake pathways can be confirmed by T(1)-weighted imaging. DTI uses the intrinsic preferential mobility of water movement along axonal pathways to map anatomical regions. DTI has been used to investigate white matter disease and is now being applied to clinical and, to a lesser extent, animal investigations of seizure disorders. These two diverse MRI methods can be applied to animal models to provide important information about the functional status of anatomical regions that may be altered by epilepsy.
Magnetic resonance biomarkers in radiation oncology: The report of AAPM Task Group 294 (2021)

A magnetic resonance (MR) biologic marker (biomarker) is a measurable quantitative characteristic that is an indicator of normal biological and pathogenetic processes or a response to therapeutic intervention derived from the MR imaging process. There is significant potential for MR biomarkers to facilitate personalized approaches to cancer care through more precise disease targeting by quantifying normal versus pathologic tissue function as well as toxicity to both radiation and chemotherapy. Both of which have the potential to increase the therapeutic ratio and provide earlier, more accurate monitoring of treatment response. The ongoing integration of MR into routine clinical radiation therapy (RT) planning and the development of MR guided radiation therapy systems is providing new opportunities for MR biomarkers to personalize and improve clinical outcomes. Their appropriate use, however, must be based on knowledge of the physical origin of the biomarker signal, the relationship to the underlying biological processes, and their strengths and limitations. The purpose of this report is to provide an educational resource describing MR biomarkers, the techniques used to quantify them, their strengths and weakness within the context of their application to radiation oncology so as to ensure their appropriate use and application within this field.
Fiber optic temperature sensor using a fiber ferrule-based cholesteric liquid crystal cell (2022)

In this study, we report the results of confirming the possibility of optical fiber temperature sensors by fabricating cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) cells combined with optical fibers. The CLC cell was fabricated with a Fabry-Perot etalon using the cross-sections of two optical fiber ferrules as substrates. A 1.2 um wide bandwidth wavelength swept laser was used to measure the spectrum change of the CLC cell according to the applied temperature. The reflection spectra were measured by changing the temperature of the CLC cell at intervals of 2o from 23o to 45o, and it was confirmed that the reflection band shifted discontinuously to a shorter wavelength as the temperature increased.
Development of a targeted integration Chinese hamster ovary host directly targeting either one or two vectors simultaneously to a single locus using the Cre/Lox recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange system (2021)

Cell line development (CLD) by random integration (RI) can be labor intensive, inconsistent, and unpredictable due to uncontrolled gene integration after transfection. Unlike RI, targeted integration (TI) based CLD introduces the antibody-expressing cassette to a predetermined site by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). The key to success for the development of a TI host for therapeutic antibody production is to identify a transcriptionally active hotspot that enables highly efficient RMCE and antibody expression with good stability. In this study, a genome wide search for hotspots in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1-M genome by either RI or PiggyBac (PB) transposase-based integration has been described. Two CHO-K1-M derived TI host cells were established with the Cre/Lox RMCE system and are described here. Both TI hosts contain a GFP-expressing landing pad flanked by two incompatible LoxP recombination sites (L3 and 2L). In addition, a third incompatible LoxP site (LoxFAS) is inserted in the GFP landing pad to enable an innovative two-plasmid based RMCE strategy, in which two separate vectors can be targeted to a single locus simultaneously. Cell lines generated by the TI system exhibit comparable or higher productivity, better stability and fewer sequence variant (SV) occurrences than the RI cell lines.
Learning to Modulate for Non-coherent MIMO (2020)

The deep learning trend has recently impacted a variety of fields, including communication systems, where various approaches have explored the application of neural networks in place of traditional designs. Neural networks flexibly allow for data-driven optimization, but are often employed as black boxes detached from direct application of domain knowledge. Our work considers learning-based approaches to end-to-end design of modulation and signal detection for the non-coherent multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels. We demonstrate that simulation-driven optimization can outperform traditional Grassmann designs. Additionally, we show the feasibility of non-coherent MIMO communications over extremely short channel coherence time, with as few as two time slots, which have never been explored in existing literature due to design hardness.