gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunity to Murine Sarcoma Virus-Induced Tumors (1974)

Abstract BALB/c mice immunized with murine sarcoma virus (MSV) have been studied at various times after injection for their immunity to either extracts of MSV-induced sarcomas or preparations of disrupted whole MSV virus. The assays used were the inhibition of normal macrophage migration, in the presence of immunizing antigen and sensitized cells, or the stimulation of protein or DNA synthesis in immune cells themselves, caused by the addition of the immunizing antigen. Each assay system is shown to detect specific anti-MSV-induced immunity in both the spleen and lymph node of infected mice. The immune cells causing the effects observed in the systems tested seem to be T lymphocytes, as judged by the effect of anti-θ antiserum. Evidence is presented that two physically distinct populations of cells exist which can respond to MSV and show a net increase in total DNA or protein synthesis. However, only one of these cells seems able to release factors able to cause macrophage migration inhibition.
Empirical Characteristics of Vehicular (Lagrangian) Fundamental Diagrams and Shock Waves (2011)

Traditional macroscopic traffic flow modeling has been focused on the spatial-temporal coordinate system and considering the vehicle as a dependent variable or function with respect to space and time. Such analyzing method has difficulties in dealing with traffic flow data collected from the modern probe vehicle technologies, which are not collected in a fixed space and fixed time but for fixed vehicles at either variable locations or times. With the introduction of the vehicular (Lagrangian) coordinate and the related first-order models, it is now possible to consider the vehicular dimension equally as the spatial x and temporal t dimension when modeling traffic flow dynamics. A key foundation for this method is the empirical characteristics (e.g. Fundamental Diagrams) with respect to vehicular coordinate. But most existing findings are in the space-time coordinates and transforming those findings between different coordinates is not always trivial and accurate. With the above considerations, an empirical study for vehicular coordinate is conducted in this paper to 1) evaluate the characteristics of traffic state measurements in vehicular coordinate systems; 2) compare the fundamental diagrams generated using vehicular traffic states; and 3) correlate and analyze shock waves in different coordinate systems. Edie’s equations for calculating traffic states in x-t coordinates are extended to calculate traffic states from trajectories in n-t and n-x coordinates. Two NGSIM (Next Generation SIMulation) freeway datasets are used as the field data for this study.
Thermal Resistance of Bond-Lines Formed With Composite Thermal Interface Materials (2005)

Measurements and modeling of the thermal resistance of thin (&lt; 100 microns) bond-lines are reported for composite thermal interface materials (TIMs). The composite TIMs consist of alumina particles dispersed in a polymer matrix to form six different adhesive materials. These model TIMs have a common matrix material and are distinguished by their particle size distributions. Bond-lines are formed in a three-layer assembly consisting of a substrate-TIM-substrate structure. The thermal resistance of the bond-line is measured, as a function of bond-line thickness, using the laser flash-technique. A linear variation of resistance with bond-line thickness is observed; Rbl = β · Lbl + Ro. A model is presented that predicts the effective thermal conductivity of the composite as a function of the particle and matrix conductivity, the particle-matrix surface conductance, the particle volume fraction and the particle size distribution. Specifically a method is introduced to account for a broad, continuous size distribution. A particle-matrix surface conductance value of ∼10W/mm2K is found to give good agreement between the measured and predicted effective thermal conductivity values of the composite TIMs.
Statistical electromagnetics for industrial pharmaceutical lyophilization (2022)

Lyophilization is a common unit operation in pharmaceutical manufacturing but is a prolonged vacuum drying process with poor energy utilization. Microwave-assisted vacuum drying has been investigated to accelerate the lyophilization process. However, the literature lacks methodical approaches that consider the lyophilizer, the lyophilizate, the microwave power uniformity, the resulting heat uniformity, and the scalability. We present a microwave-vacuum drying method based on the statistical electromagnetics theory. The method offers an optimum frequency selection procedure that accounts for the lyophilizer and the lyophilizate. The 2.45 GHz frequency conventionally utilized is proven to be far from optimum. The method is applied in a microwave-assisted heating configuration to pharmaceutical excipients (sucrose and mannitol) and different myoglobin formulations in a lab-scale lyophilizer. At 18 GHz frequency and 60 W microwave power, the method shows nearly three times speed-up in the primary drying stage of sucrose relative to the conventional lyophilization cycle for typical laboratory batches. The uniformity of the microwave power inside the chamber is controlled within ± 1 dB. The resulting heating uniformity measured through residual moisture analysis shows 12.7% of normalized SD of moisture level across the batch in a microwave-assisted cycle as opposed to 15.3% in the conventional cycle. Conventional and microwave lyophilized formulations are characterized using solid-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS), solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ssFTIR), circular dichroism (CD), and accelerated stability testing (AST). Characterization shows comparable protein structure and stability. Heat and mass transfer simulations quantify further effects of optimal volumetric heating via the high-frequency statistical microwave heating.
Preoperative and postoperative nomograms incorporating surgeon experience for clinically localized prostate cancer (2009)

Nomograms have been developed that consider the surgeon's experience as a predictor. The tools appeared to predict reasonably well but were somewhat little improved with the addition of surgeon experience as a predictor variable.
T-cell contributions to alveolar bone loss in response to oral infection withPorphyromonas gingivalis (2001)

We have previously shown that mice lacking CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells lose less alveolar bone loss in response to oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis than do immunocompetent mice of the same genetic background, indicating that CD4+ T cells contribute to bone resorption. The CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell knockouts were produced by targeted deletions of, respectively, major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) or beta2-microglobulin (producing non-expression of MHCI). Because MHC deletions can have other effects in addition to those on T-cell selection, we wanted to confirm that the lessened bone loss was truly an effect of the lack of T cells. Consequently, we repeated our experiments with C57B1 /6J-Tcra mice that have a targeted deletion of the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor (Tcra). Six weeks after oral infection with P. gingivalis ATCC 53977 the total bone loss at buccal maxillary sites was 0.28 mm in infected immunocompetent mice (P=0.002 compared with sham-infected mice), whereas in Tcra knockouts the bone loss was only 0.08 mm (P=0.04 compared with shams). The T-cell-deficient mice thus lost 70% less bone after infection than did genetically matched immunocompetent mice (P =0.003). These experiments confirm that T cells, and their responses to oral infection with P. gingivalis, help to push bone remodeling in the direction of net loss of bone.
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilization of Neutral Oxophlorin π‐Radicals by Bulky meso‐Alkyl Groups. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimal operation of energy storage systems considering forecasts and battery degradation (2017)

Energy storage systems have the potential to deliver value in multiple ways, and these must be traded off against one another. An operational strategy that aims to maximize the returned value of such a system can often be significantly improved with the use of forecasting - of demand, generation, and pricing - but consideration of battery degradation is important too. This paper proposes a stochastic dynamic programming approach to optimally operate an energy storage system across a receding horizon. The method operates an energy storage asset to deliver maximal lifetime value, by using available forecasts and by applying a multi-factor battery degradation model that takes into account operational impacts on system degradation. Applying the method to a dataset of a residential Australian customer base demonstrates that an optimally operated system returns a lifetime value which is 160% more, on average, than that of the same system operated using a set-point-based method applied in many settings today.
Improved 3D Interactive Devices for Passive and Active Stereo Virtual Environments (2007)

This paper introduces a new set of tracking devices for 3D virtual environment interaction and reviews enhancements including device miniaturization, power reduction, and ruggedization. The goal of these improvements was to reduce size and weight of head-worn tracking devices for use with passive-stereo immersive display systems, whose polarized glasses are much smaller than LCD shutter glasses and therefore require smaller tracking sensors. The major changes include a 2-fold reduction in the size and weight of the wearable sensor devices and improvement of wireless tracking capability and battery life.
Numerical study on prediction and control of trailing edge noise using lattice Boltzmann method (2022)

The tone noise is known as an aerodynamic noise generated from a two-dimensional airfoil placed in a flow, which is said to be attributed to vortices shedded from the trailing edge of the airfoil. Commonly, the trailing edge shape of an airfoil is uniform in the span direction from the viewpoint of manifacturing and structural strength, but the vortex shedding becomes coherent in the spanwise direction, resulting in the increase in the tone noise. In this study, simultaneous calculations of the flow field and sound field were performed using the lattice Boltzmann method for the tone noise generated from the NACA0012 airfoil. We investigated the influence of the spanwise trailing edge shape on the vortex shedding causing the tone noise.
Inhibition of reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and chimeric enzymes of human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 by two novel non‐nucleoside inhibitors (1994)

We have studied the effects of two non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), nitrophenyl phenyl sulfone (NPPS) and a potent derivative of oxathiin carboxanilide (UC-38), on enzymatically active molecular chimeras composed of complementary segments of the reverse transcriptases (RTs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and -2 (HIV-2). The substances inhibit only the DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT with no effect on HIV-2 RT. The results suggest that there is a protein segment located between residues 158 and 190 that is critical for the inhibition by both compounds. However, there is probably a second segment that resides between residues 192 and 202, as in the case of NPPS, or residues 203 and 224, as in the case of UC-38, that is also crucial for the sensitivity of HIV-1 RT to both inhibitors.
All-Electrical Spin-to-Charge Conversion in Sputtered BixSe1-x (2022)

One of the major obstacles to realizing spintronic devices such as MESO logic devices is the small signal magnitude used for magnetization readout, making it important to find materials with high spin-to-charge conversion efficiency. Although intermixing at the junction of two materials is a widely occurring phenomenon, its influence on material characterization and the estimation of spin-to-charge conversion efficiencies are easily neglected or underestimated. Here, we demonstrate all-electrical spin-to-charge conversion in Bi<sub>x</sub>Se<sub>1-x</sub> nanodevices and show how the conversion efficiency can be overestimated by tens of times depending on the adjacent metal used as a contact. We attribute this to the intermixing-induced compositional change and the properties of a polycrystal that lead to drastic changes in resistivity and spin Hall angle. Strategies to improve the spin-to-charge conversion signal in similar structures for functional devices are discussed.
Engineering Small Molecule Switches of Protein Function in Zebrafish Embryos (2023)

Precise temporally regulated protein function directs the highly complex processes that make up embryo development. The zebrafish embryo is an excellent model organism to study development, and conditional control over enzymatic activity is desirable to target chemical intervention to specific developmental events and to investigate biological mechanisms. Surprisingly few, generally applicable small molecule switches of protein function exist in zebrafish. Genetic code expansion allows for site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins that contain caging groups that are removed through addition of small molecule triggers such as phosphines or tetrazines. This broadly applicable control of protein function was applied to activate several enzymes, including a GTPase and a protease, with temporal precision in zebrafish embryos. Simple addition of the small molecule to the media produces robust and tunable protein activation, which was used to gain insight into the development of a congenital heart defect from a RASopathy mutant of NRAS and to control DNA and protein cleavage events catalyzed by a viral recombinase and a viral protease, respectively.
A new species of the sponge Raspailia (Raspaxilla) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Axinellida: Raspailiidae) from deep seamounts of the Western Pacific (2018)

A new species of Raspailia (Raspaxilla) frondosa sp. nov. is described from the deep seamounts of the Norfolk and New Caledonia Ridges. The morphology of the species resembles that of a frond or a fern, and its unique highly compressed axial skeleton of interlaced spongin fibres without spicules in combination with a radial extra axial skeleton of a perpendicular palisade of spicules, differentiate it from all other species of the subgenus. This species is compared morphologically to all 18 other valid species described in Raspailia (Raspaxilla).
Rapid cGMP manufacturing of COVID‐19 monoclonal antibody using stable CHO cell pools (2021)

Therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, are typically manufactured using clonally derived, stable host cell lines, since consistent and predictable cell culture performance is highly desirable. However, selecting and preparing banks of stable clones takes considerable time, which inevitably extends overall development timelines for new therapeutics by delaying the start of subsequent activities, such as the scale-up of manufacturing processes. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with its intense pressure for accelerated development strategies, we used a novel transposon-based Leap-In Transposase® system to rapidly generate high-titer stable pools and then used them directly for large scale-manufacturing of an anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 monoclonal antibody under cGMP. We performed the safety testing of our non-clonal cell bank, then used it to produce material at a 200L-scale for preclinical safety studies and formulation development work, and thereafter at 2000L scale for supply of material for a Phase 1 clinical trial. Testing demonstrated the comparability of critical product qualities between the two scales and, more importantly, that our final clinical trial product met all pre-set product quality specifications. The above expediated approach provided clinical trial material within 4.5 months, in comparison to 12-14 months for production of clinical trial material via the conventional approach.
Enhance & explore (2011)

The goal of jointly providing efficiency and fairness in wireless networks can be seen as the problem of maximizing a given utility function. In contrast with wired networks, the capacity of wireless networks is typically time-varying and not known explicitly. Hence, as the capacity region is impossible to know or measure exactly, existing scheduling schemes either under-estimate it and are too conservative, or they over-estimate it and suffer from congestion collapse. We propose a new adaptive algorithm, called Enhance & Explore (E&E). It maximizes the utility of the network without requiring any explicit characterization of the capacity region. E&E works above the MAC layer and it does not demand any modification to the existing networking stack. We first evaluate our algorithm theoretically and we prove that it converges to a state of optimal utility. We then evaluate the performance of the algorithm in a WLAN setting, using both simulations and real measurements on a testbed composed of IEEE 802.11 wireless routers.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereochemical Course of the Ring Expansion of Bridged Bicyclic Ketones to Spirocyclic α‐Keto Tetrahydrofurans. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EXCLUSION OF AN ISOSPIN FIFTH FORCE FROM KAON DECAY (1988)

The conjecture of Boynton et al. that anomalous gravitational interactions are related to an isospin coupling is shown to be in conflict with kaon decay data. An alternative coupling to B—2L is in conflict with the Eötvös data which originally motivated the new experiment.
Synthesis and curing condition of boron modified phenolic resin derived from boron anhydride and phenol. (1989)

Phenol was esterified with boric anhydride and the reaction products were polycondensed with paraformaldehyde. The higher was the boric anhydride content to phenol, the higher was the esterified content of the product. As the boron content of phenyl borate increased, the adequate amount of paraformaldehyde decreased.Flexual strength of the cured resin strongly depended on the boron content. The strength gradually decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. However, flexual modulus was hardly affected by boron content or by heat treatment temperature.From the results of differential scanning calorimetry, both high temperature and long time were necessary to cure perfectly the phenyl borate resins. In order to explain these curing behaviors, frontier electron density calculations were carried out with triphenylborate (as a model for phenyl borates) and phenol. It was found that phenol showed high reactivity at both ortho and para positions, while triphenylborate had high reactivity only at para position.
Spinal Metastasis (2006)

Each year approx 1.37 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed in the United States. It is estimated that approx 563,700 of these new cases will die from their disease (1). Despite significant advances in the overall management of cancer in the past decades, the major cause of death in most cases remains metastatic disease and its complications. The three most common sites for metastasis are the lungs, liver, and skeletal system. The spine is the most common site for skeletal metastasis. Based on autopsy studies, approx 5 to 30% of patients with cancer will develop spinal metastasis, with 20% of these patients developing epidural compression (2–7).
Synthesis, molecular structure, and stability of a zirconocene derivative with α-Keggin mono-aluminum-substituted polyoxotungstate (2012)

The synthesis and crystal structure of a zirconocene derivative with α-Keggin mono-aluminum-substituted polyoxotungstate, [α-PW(11)Al(OH)O(39)ZrCp(2)](2)(6-) (Cp = C(5)H(5)(-)) (1), which was obtained by the reaction of α-Keggin mono-aluminum-substituted polyoxotungstate with a biscyclopentadienylzirconium(IV) complex, is described herein. Analytically pure, homogeneous, yellow crystals of the tetra-n-butylammonium salt of polyoxoanion 1, [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N](6)[α-PW(11)Al(OH)O(39)ZrCp(2)](2) (TBA-1), were obtained from the ca. 1 : 1 reaction of [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N](4)[α-PW(11){Al(OH(2))}O(39)] with Cp(2)Zr(OTf)(2)·THF (OTf = O(3)SCF(3)(-)) in acetonitrile solution under an argon atmosphere, followed by precipitation from water and crystallization from acetonitrile. TBA-1 was characterized based on X-ray structure analysis, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and solution ((31)P, (27)Al, (19)F, (1)H, and (13)C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed that the two {PW(11)AlO(40)} units are bridged by two "bent sandwich" Cp(2)Zr(2+) fragments with C(2) symmetry. Each zirconium center was bound to a terminal oxygen atom of the aluminum and tungsten sites and an edge-sharing oxygen atom at the Al-O-W linkage. Further, the stability towards water was investigated by NMR ((31)P, (1)H, and (13)C) and FTIR spectroscopy. The η(5)-cyclopentadienylzirconium fragments were not eliminated from the surface of [α-PW(11){Al(OH(2))}O(39)](4-) even after 24 h exposure to 50 equiv. of water.
Analysis of diffraction from doubly periodic arrays of perfectly conducting bodies by using a patch-current model (1990)

A novel solution is presented for the problem of three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering of a plane wave from a doubly periodic infinite array of perfectly conducting bodies. A set of fictitious spatially periodic and properly modulated patches of magnetic current is used to simulate the scattered field. These patch currents are of dual polarization and have complex amplitudes. The electromagnetic field radiated by each of the periodic patch currents is expressed as a double series of Floquet modes. The complex amplitudes of the fictitious patch currents are adjusted to render the tangential electric field zero at a selected set of points on the surface of any of the scatterers. The procedure is simple to implement and is applicable to arrays composed of smooth but otherwise arbitrary perfectly conducting scatterers. Results are given and compared with an analytic approximation.
An iatrogenic burn from the use of a topical haemostatic agent (2010)

QuikClot (Z-Medica, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA) is a brand of topical haemostatic agent that can be poured directly onto open wounds to control bleeding. It works by adsorbing water from the blood, concentrating the clotting factors, activating platelets and promoting steps in the coagulation pathway. This is, however, an exothermic reaction and prolonged contact can cause damage to the skin. We recently encountered a patient who sustained a full thickness burn to the forehead following the application of the above agent to control bleeding, and the case is presented here with the intention of increasing awareness of the potential hazards of this therapeutic product as demonstrated by the morbidity experienced by our patient.

### Case report

A 56-year-old man was seen by the paramedics after a zinc sheet fell from a roof causing a large laceration to the patient's right temple. There was profuse bleeding and QuikClot was applied to the wound and adjacent forehead skin by the paramedics to obtain haemostasis, along with sustained pressure. He was transferred to the Accident and Emergency department in about …