gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Transitions in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Droplets (2016)

Confinement of cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) into droplets leads to a delicate interplay between elasticity, chirality, and surface energy. In this work, we rely on a combination of theory and experiments to understand the rich morphological behavior that arises from that balance. More specifically, a systematic study of micrometer-sized ChLC droplets is presented as a function of chirality and surface energy (or anchoring). With increasing chirality, a continuous transition is observed from a twisted bipolar structure to a radial spherical structure, all within a narrow range of chirality. During such a transition, a bent structure is predicted by simulations and confirmed by experimental observations. Simulations are also able to capture the dynamics of the quenching process observed in experiments. Consistent with published work, it is found that nanoparticles are attracted to defect regions on the surface of the droplets. For weak anchoring conditions at the nanoparticle surface, ChLC droplets adopt a morphology similar to that of the equilibrium helical phase observed for ChLCs in the bulk. As the anchoring strength increases, a planar bipolar structure arises, followed by a morphological transition to a bent structure. The influence of chirality and surface interactions are discussed in the context of the potential use of ChLC droplets as stimuli-responsive materials for reporting molecular adsorbates.
GNSS AoA estimation based on dual-frequency joint processing (2018)

In this paper, we gave a brief introduction of AoA estimations of GPS signals. The preliminary work has been described, including data collection, software-defined receiver processing, and AoA estimation. Several interesting AoA related issues have been listed to conduct our experiments.
Stay Longer at the Network's Edge: A Novel Proactive Caching Policy through Sojourn Time (2018)

Cell-edge caching emerges as an appealing approach to alleviate traffic load and to reduce transmission latency for future cellular networks in general and small cell networks (SCNs), in particular. In this paper, we investigate the design of a proactive caching policy that takes into account both time-correlation of user requests and the time duration users spent for a requested content; two important aspects in applications such as Video-on-Demand. The proposed caching policy is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem. The inherently high computational complexity incurring by solving a combinatorial optimization problem is circumvented by leveraging the concept of semidefinite relaxation (SDR) method. In addition, we design a randomized procedure to efficiently find a rank one solution. Furthermore, extensive numerical results are provided in order to verify the validity of the theoretical findings and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Convex GNSS Reference station antenna (2011)

Novel Convex Reference station antenna with advanced functionality versus common Choke Ring antenna has been developed. Pins impedance structure is used instead of common choke grooves providing with more consistent frequency response. Convex impedance ground plane provides with less gain pattern roll-off from zenith to horizon and better rejection of multypath signals. Novel full spectrum GNSS antenna element as a spherical array of convex patches has been built. Performance characteristics are shown.
Negative bias temperature instability of pMOSFETs with ultra-thin SiON gate dielectrics (2003)

The negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) of pMOSFETs with ultra-thin gate dielectrics was investigated from four points of view: basic mechanism of NBTI, dependence of NBTI on gate dielectric thickness, mechanism of NBTI enhancement caused by addition of nitrogen to the gate dielectrics, and possibility of applying SiON gate dielectrics with a high concentration of nitrogen. By investigating the behavior of FET characteristics after NBT stresses were stopped, it was clarified that a portion (60%, in our case) of hydrogen atoms released by the NBT stress remains in the gate dielectric in the case of a 1.85-nm-thick NO-oxynitride gate dielectric. The existence of the hydrogen was shown to lead to the generation of positive fixed charges in the gate dielectric. It was also found that NBTI depends little on gate dielectric thickness. Moreover, we revealed that the origin of NBTI enhancement by incorporating nitrogen into gate dielectrics is the property of attracting H/sub 2/O or OH. We speculate that this property is due to the existence of positive fixed charges induced by undesirable nitrogen. We evaluated NBTI immunity of SiN gate dielectrics with an oxygen-enriched interface (OI-SiN) in which high carrier mobility was obtained by reducing positive fixed charges. OI-SiN gate dielectrics with EOTs of 1.4 and 1.6 nm were found to have sufficient lifetime for practical use under 1 V operation.
Abstract 5304: A genetically engineered mouse model for GBM wherein Akt kinase activity can be monitored non-invasively in real-time (2011)

Abstract Approximately 30-40% of human gliomas exhibit mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN resulting in deregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt survival signaling pathway. In a significant number of GBMs tumor initiation is additionally driven by an oncogenic signal stemming from the gene locus amplification of the Platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), also leading to Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. Phosphorylated, active Akt controls a plethora of cellular responses by regulating a large number of substrates, such as GSK-3, BAD, Forkhead transcription factors (FOXO), and MDM2. Elevated Akt activity increases tumor cell growth, survival and impairs apoptosis. Thus blocking Akt phosphorylation to treat cancer in particular gliomas has therapeutic potential. Here we demonstrate the pre-clinical use of a bioluminescent molecular reporter to evaluate Akt kinase inhibition in real time in a genetically engineered PDGF-driven PTEN-deficient mouse model of GBM. Glial cell specific delivery of the bioluminescent reporter was achieved by RCAS-TVA technology. In brief, we utilized genetically engineered PTEN loxP/loxP, Ink4a-Arf -/-, nestin-TVA transgenic animals and delivered the Akt reporter along with Cre recombinase and PDGF by intracranial implantation of chicken cells expressing avian virus containing the specific cargo. PTEN deletion in nestin positive cells resulted in increased Akt kinase phosphorylation as demonstrated by western blotting. Tumor growth was monitored by MRI and Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) technology. The design of the previously described Akt reporter allows for detectable bioluminescence only in the absence of Akt kinase activity due to the reconstitution of the wt luciferase enzyme. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of PI3-kinase- and Akt inhibitors in this pre-clinical GBM model, tumors were treated with either perifosine or API-2. Increased bioluminescence activity was observed in gliomas in a time- and dose-dependent manner with both inhibitors. These findings demonstrate that the Akt reporter provided a quantitative surrogate for Akt activity in PTEN-deficient gliomas. In conclusion we have provided a novel approach of pairing molecular imaging with a murine GBM model to investigate targeted agents. This may aid the future identification of most efficacious drug combinations impinging on PI3-kinase/Akt signaling in gliomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5304. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5304
An adaptive displacement estimation algorithm for improved reconstruction of thermal strain (2015)

Thermal strain imaging (TSI) can be used to differentiate between lipid and water-based tissues in atherosclerotic arteries. However, detecting small lipid pools in vivo requires accurate and robust displacement estimation over a wide range of displacement magnitudes. Phase-shift estimators such as Loupas' estimator and time-shift estimators such as normalized cross-correlation (NXcorr) are commonly used to track tissue displacements. However, Loupas' estimator is limited by phase-wrapping and NXcorr performs poorly when the SNR is low. In this paper, we present an adaptive displacement estimation algorithm that combines both Loupas' estimator and NXcorr. We evaluated this algorithm using computer simulations and an ex vivo human tissue sample. Using 1-D simulation studies, we showed that when the displacement magnitude induced by thermal strain was >λ/8 and the electronic system SNR was >25.5 dB, the NXcorr displacement estimate was less biased than the estimate found using Loupas' estimator. On the other hand, when the displacement magnitude was ≤λ/4 and the electronic system SNR was ≤25.5 dB, Loupas' estimator had less variance than NXcorr. We used these findings to design an adaptive displacement estimation algorithm. Computer simulations of TSI showed that the adaptive displacement estimator was less biased than either Loupas' estimator or NXcorr. Strain reconstructed from the adaptive displacement estimates improved the strain SNR by 43.7 to 350% and the spatial accuracy by 1.2 to 23.0% (P < 0.001). An ex vivo human tissue study provided results that were comparable to computer simulations. The results of this study showed that a novel displacement estimation algorithm, which combines two different displacement estimators, yielded improved displacement estimation and resulted in improved strain reconstruction.
Islanding and load shedding schemes for captive power plants (1999)

Summary form only given as follows. This paper outlines the various schemes adopted for islanding in industrial plants with captive generation in India. Considerations in the design of islanding and load shedding schemes and reliability aspects are described. Major benefits by interfacing with SCADA are briefly given.
Comparative Study of CCPT Systems With Two Different Inductor Tuning Positions (2011)

Capacitively coupled power transfer (CCPT) technology has been proposed and investigated as an alternative to inductive power transfer solution in certain low-power applications with the advantages of being able to transfer power across metal barriers and having low standing power losses. A series inductor is often used to compensate a CCPT system for the reactance introduced by the capacitive coupling, and there is a preconception that the tuning inductor can be placed either before or after the capacitive coupling without affecting the system performance. This paper develops a simple circuit model to enable the performance differences of placing such a tuning inductor on the primary and secondary sides of the circuit to be compared. The output voltage transfer function, voltage across the tuning inductor, displacement power factor, and total harmonic distortion are evaluated, and it is found that due to the existence of cross capacitive coupling there are significant differences in each of these performance indices when coupling variations are considered. The output voltage can be boosted, the misalignment tolerance can be improved, and the total harmonic distortion can be reduced when the tuning inductor is placed on the primary side of the circuit. The theoretical analysis is verified by experimental results.
Development of accurate temperature regulation culture system with metallic culture vessel demonstrates different thermal cytotoxicity in cancer and normal cells (2021)

Hyperthermia has been studied as a noninvasive cancer treatment. Cancer cells show stronger thermal cytotoxicity than normal cells, which is exploited in hyperthermia. However, the absence of methods evaluating the thermal cytotoxicity in cells prevents the development of hyperthermia. To investigate the thermal cytotoxicity, culture temperature should be regulated. We, thus, developed a culture system regulating culture temperature immediately and accurately by employing metallic culture vessels. Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts were used for models of cancer and normal cells. The findings showed cancer cells showed stronger thermal cytotoxicity than normal cells, which is quantitatively different from previous reports. This difference might be due to regulated culture temperature. The thermal stimulus condition (43 °C/30 min) was, further, focused for assays. The mRNA expression involving apoptosis changed dramatically in cancer cells, indicating the strong apoptotic trend. In contrast, the mRNA expression of heat shock protein (HSP) of normal cells upon the thermal stimulus was stronger than cancer cells. Furthermore, exclusively in normal cells, HSP localization to nucleus was confirmed. These movement of HSP confer thermotolerance to cells, which is consistent with the different thermal cytotoxicity between cancer and normal cells. In summary, our developed system can be used to develop hyperthermia treatment.
Alterations in Retinal Microvascular Geometry in Young Type 1 Diabetes (2010)

Key diabetes-related factors affect retinal microvascular geometry in young type 1 diabetes, even in those without evidence of retinopathy. These early retinal alterations may be markers of diabetes microvascular complications.
RC-SCR: very-low-voltage ESD protection circuit in plain CMOS (2002)

A simple, novel RC-coupled very-low-voltage silicon controlled rectifier, electrostatic discharge protection circuit is reported, implemented in 0.35 µm CMOS, which is confirmed by transient electrostatic discharge simulation and measurement, and results in a very low triggering of 7 V, a 60% reduction over traditional silicon controlled rectifiers.
UCSNP-43 G/A polymorphism of calpain-10 gene is associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia in Japanese population (2003)

Background:Previous linkage studies in Mexican-American localized a major susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes, NIDDM1, to chromosome band 2q37.3. In this locus, recently, a common G/A polymorphism (UCSNP-43) within intron 3 of the CAPN-10 gene (CAPN10) was reported as a major candidate for the cause of NIDDM, and it was also reported that homozygous UCSNP-43 G alleles reduced CAPN10 mRNA expression. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of G/A polymorphism of CAPN10 in Japanese population and to examine the interaction between CAPN10 genotype and hypertension.
American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia (2019)

There was a lack of evidence to support strong recommendations for various management approaches. In general, strategies that avoided medication side effects were favored. A large focus was placed on shared decision-making, especially with regard to second-line therapy. Future research should apply standard corticosteroid-dosing regimens, report patient-reported outcomes, and include cost-analysis evaluations.
Supplementary Table 1 from RKI-1447 Is a Potent Inhibitor of the Rho-Associated ROCK Kinases with Anti-Invasive and Antitumor Activities in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 64K, Percent tumor volume change after RKI-1447 treatment of ErbB2 mammary tumor transgenic mice. ErbB2 mammary tumor transgenic mice were treated with RKI-1447 as described under Materials and Methods. Percent change in tumor volume was calculated for each tumor using the following formula; (Vf-V0)/V0*100; where V0= Initial volume (at the beginning of treatment) and Vf= Final volume (at the end of treatment).&lt;/p&gt;
Survey Meter Using Novel Inorganic Scintillators (2012)

Single crystal scintillator materials are widely used for detection of high-energy photons and particles. There is continuous demand for new scintillator materials with higher performance because of increasing number of medical, industrial, security and other applications. This article presents the recent development of three novel inorganic scintillators; Pr-doped Lu3Al5O12 (Pr:LuAG), Ce doped Gd3 (Al, Ga)5 O12 (Ce:GAGG) and Ce or Eu-doped 6LiCaAlF6 (Ce:LiCAF, Eu:LiCAF). Pr:LuAG shows very interesting scintillation properties including very fast decay time, high light yield and excellent energy resolution. Taking the advantage of these properties, positron emission mammography (PEM) equipped with Pr:LuAG were developed. Ce:GAGG shows very high light yield, which is much higher than that of Ce:LYSO. Survey meter using Ce:GAGG is developed using this scintillator. Ce:LiCAF and Eu:LiCAF were developed for neutron detection. The advantage and disadvantage are discussed comparing with halide scintillators. Eu-doped LiCAF indicated five times higher light yield than that of existing Li-glass. It is expected to be used as the alternative of 3He.
Cutaneous Permeation of a Percutaneously Applied Glucocorticoid Using Plant-Based Anionic Phospholipids in Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil: A Preliminary Study (2022)

Purpose: It is important that, when corticosteroids are used therapeutically, concentrations be reduced as much as possible to mitigate potential adverse events and side effects. This preliminary study compares the permeation for the delivery of a corticosteroid in a 1% hydrocortisone-supplemented topical cream containing anionic polar phospholipids (APP) in hydrogenated vegetable oil (triglyceride) versus a market-leading 1% hydrocortisone in a mineral hydrocarbon-based skin cream. Methods: Using the Franz diffusion cell method with cadaveric skin, the permeation of a 1% hydrocortisone-supplemented cream containing APP (test preparation) was compared with a commercially available 1% hydrocortisone cream (control preparation). The principal APP in the test preparation were phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol. Permeation was determined at 4 and 8 h time intervals. Results: The permeation values for the 1% hydrocortisone supplemental APP cream (test preparation) were comparatively very high 1180 ng/cm2 at 4 h and 2173 ng/cm2 at 8 h, in contrast to the 1% hydrocortisone cream (control preparation) values of 13 ng/cm2 at 4 h and 98 ng/cm2 at 8 h. Permeation of skin cream increased significantly from 0 to 4 and 8 h, when comparing the APP test preparation with the control preparation (p &lt; 0.001). This translates, respectively, into the 90-fold greater and a 20-fold greater penetration of the test preparation APP cream over the 1% hydrocortisone cream at 4 h and 8 h time points. Conclusions: This preliminary study demonstrates the enhanced permeation of 1% hydrocortisone when applied topically to the skin in an APP skin cream vehicle. This enhanced permeation suggests the potential use of APP technology to deliver therapeutically effective hydrocortisone treatment to the skin at markedly reduced concentrations of steroid. As such, APP technology may offer an improved approach to the treatment of dermatoses associated with inflammatory diseases and conditions requiring prolonged topical corticosteroid therapy.
deDacota (2013)

Web applications are constantly under attack. They are popular, typically accessible from anywhere on the Internet, and they can be abused as malware delivery systems.
ChemInform Abstract: ABSOLUTE CONFORMATION AND CONFIGURATION OF (2S, 3S)‐3‐ACETOXY‐5‐(DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL)‐2‐(4‐METHOXYPHENYL)‐2,3‐DIHYDRO‐1,5‐BENZOTHIAZEPIN‐4(5H)‐ONE CHLORIDE (DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE) (1984)

Abstract Zur Bestimmung der absoluten Konfiguration der als Ca‐Antagonist wirkenden Titelverbindung (VI) wird diese unter Verwendung der racemischen Säure (I) als Ausgangsverbindung stereospezifisch synthetisiert.
Speaker recognition using dynamic synapse based neural networks with wavelet processing (2003)

We have designed systems utilizing a dynamic synapse neural network (DSNN) to perform speech recognition tasks. The DSNN architecture has demonstrated noise-resistive properties in previous research. The speech signal is first passed through a bank of bandpass filters. The output of each filter then undergoes wavelet transformation to extract speaker-dependent features. Transformed signals are used as input for a DSNN, which is trained using a genetic algorithm training method. We are seeking to explore the capabilities of a biologically based neural network in solving a problem which humans are still better at solving than conventional solutions. The dynamic synapse neural networks were trained to perform several speech recognition tasks, including speaker verification, speaker identification, and word recognition. In the speaker verification task, the objective was to distinguish one speaker from a group of up to 22 imposters based on the utterance of a codeword. In the speaker identification task, the objective was to identify which of 6 speakers has uttered the codeword. In the word recognition task, the objective was to perform speaker-dependent word recognition on a set of 30 words. Neural networks were capable of 90% correct identifications in the presence of white noise (0 dB SNR).
Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone: The Integrin Component (2020)

The extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrin αvβ3 contains a cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone analogues. The receptor is largely expressed and activated in tumor cells and rapidly dividing endothelial cells. The principal ligand for this receptor is l-thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>), usually regarded only as a prohormone for 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (T<sub>3</sub>), the hormone analogue that expresses thyroid hormone in the cell nucleus via nuclear receptors that are unrelated structurally to integrin αvβ3. At the integrin receptor for thyroid hormone, T<sub>4</sub> regulates cancer and endothelial cell division, tumor cell defense pathways (such as anti-apoptosis), and angiogenesis and supports metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. The molecular mechanisms involve signal transduction via mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, differential expression of multiple genes related to the listed cell processes, and regulation of activities of other cell surface proteins, such as vascular growth factor receptors. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is derived from T<sub>4</sub> and competes with binding of T<sub>4</sub> to the integrin. In the absence of T<sub>4</sub>, tetrac and chemically modified tetrac also have anticancer effects that culminate in altered gene transcription. Tumor xenografts are arrested by unmodified and chemically modified tetrac. The receptor requires further characterization in terms of contributions to nonmalignant cells, such as platelets and phagocytes. The integrin αvβ3 receptor for thyroid hormone offers a large panel of cellular actions that are relevant to cancer biology and that may be regulated by tetrac derivatives.
Long-term benefits of pancreas transplantation (2008)

Pancreas transplantation remains the most effective method to establish durable normoglycemia for patients with diabetes mellitus. Well designed clinical studies to assess outcomes and adverse events will be of paramount importance in providing optimal care to patients with diabetes mellitus.
Bench-To-Bedside Translation of Magnetic Nanoparticles (2014)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are a new and promising addition to the spectrum of biomedicines. Their promise revolves around the broad versatility and biocompatibility of the MNPs and their unique physicochemical properties. Guided by applied external magnetic fields, MNPs represent a cutting-edge tool designed to improve diagnosis and therapy of a broad range of inflammatory, infectious, genetic and degenerative diseases. Magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug and gene delivery, cell tracking, protein bioseparation and tissue engineering are but a few applications being developed for MNPs. MNPs toxicities linked to shape, size and surface chemistry are real and must be addressed before clinical use is realized. This article presents both the promise and perils of this new nanotechnology, with an eye towards opportunity in translational medical science.