gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FastNorm: Improving Numerical Stability of Deep Network Training with Efficient Normalization (2018)

We propose a modification to weight normalization techniques that provides the same convergence benefits but requires fewer computational operations. The proposed method, FastNorm, exploits the low-rank properties of weight updates and infers the norms without explicitly calculating them, replacing an $O(n^2)$ computation with an $O(n)$ one for a fully-connected layer. It improves numerical stability and reduces accuracy variance enabling higher learning rate and offering better convergence. We report experimental results that illustrate the advantage of the proposed method.
Facile Surface Coatings for Performance Improvement of NMC811 Battery Cathode Material (2022)

High nickel content layered oxide LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 (NMC811) is a promising cathode material with a high theoretical capacity of 200 mAh g −1 for use in high energy density lithium-ion batteries. However, its surface can easily get passivated by LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 due to its surface residual Li 2 O being reacting with ambient moisture and CO 2 . Herein, NMC811 was treated in a 3.0 M solution of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) at 60 °C for 8 h, 16 h and 24 h, respectively, resulting in coating of the NMC811 surface with LiF due to the basic nature of those residual lithium salts that react with LiFSI. The facile treatment of NMC811 in LiFSI/DMC not only improves the cycling stability but also enhances the capacity of the Li/NMC811 cells, mainly because of the thinning of the Li 2 CO 3 layer as suggested by cyclic voltammograms and impedance analyses. This method opens a new avenue for activation of passivated NMC811 particles for practical battery applications.
DECREASED mRNA EXPRESSION OF TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEINS IN LUMBAR SPINAL CORDS OF PATIENTS WITH ALS (2009)

Studies using mSOD1 transgenic mice, an animal model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS), suggest that endothelial damage and impaired integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) occur before signs of weakness and may contribute to motoneuron injury, further implicating a non-cell-autonomous pathogenesis.1–3 While tight junctions were still intact in late symptomatic mSOD1 animals, there were ultrastructural alterations in the BBB and BSCB and leakage of Evans Blue dye from spinal cord microvessels at both early and late stages of disease.1,2 A recent study also demonstrated the presence of microhemorrhages and further showed decreased expression of the tight junction proteins zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin (Ocln), and claudin-5 (Cldn5) in mSOD1 mice during disease progression.3 To investigate whether tight junction proteins are decreased in patients with ALS, the mRNA expression of ZO-1, Ocln, and Cldn5 was assessed in spinal cord tissue from patients with sporadic ALS (sALS), patients with fALS, and non-neurodegenerative disease controls (NNDC).

### Methods.

After receiving written consent and approval by The Methodist Hospital or the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, postmortem tissue samples were obtained from patients with a definite diagnosis of ALS according to WFN El Escorial/Airlie criteria. RNA was extracted from homogenized lumbar spinal cord specimens from 30 patients with sALS, 4 patients with fALS, and 16 NNDC with Trizol (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) and purified with an RNeasy kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed using 10 ng of RNA, an iScript One-step RT-PCR kit with SYBR Green (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), and assayed on an iQ5 Multicolor …
A High-Performance Complexity Reduced Behavioral Model and Digital Predistorter for MIMO Systems With Crosstalk (2016)

In this paper, an augmented crossover memory polynomial model (A-COMPM) is proposed and developed which can be used for characterizing and linearizing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters in the presence of linear and nonlinear crosstalk. The proposed model significantly improves the performance of the crossover memory polynomial model (CO-MPM) by more accurately incorporating the effect of crosstalk. The proposed model performs comparably to the 2 x 2 parallel Hammerstein (2 x 2 PH) model, while requiring the same number of coefficients as CO-MPM and a lower number of coefficients than the 2 x 2 PH. The model was tested for forward modeling and digital predistortion (DPD) applications in the presence of both linear and nonlinear crosstalk. Experimental results show that the model outperforms the CO-MPM and 2 x 2 PH DPDs, at a lower number of coefficients compared to both models. Furthermore, the issue of numerical stability of the DPD
Phosphorescent energy relay dye for improved light harvesting response in liquid dye-sensitized solar cells (2010)

Energy transfer from phosphorescent ruthenium complex N877 dissolved in the liquid electrolyte to the squaraine sensitizer SQ1 anchored on the titanium oxide surface resulted in a four fold increase in external quantum efficiency in the blue part of the visible spectrum despite complete quenching of the luminescence of N877 by the iodine in the electrolyte.
Minimiseurs Globaux du Modele des Contours Actifs (2005)

Le modele des contours actifs [6,2,7] est un des modeles variationnels de segmentation les plus connus en traitement d'images. Cependant, ce modele est limite par l'existence de minima locaux qui rend la condition initiale critique pour obtenir des resultats satisfaisants. Nous proposons dans ce papier de resoudre ce probleme en determinant des minima globaux du modele des contours actifs en suivant le travail de Chan, Esedoglu and Nikolova [4]. Notre approche utilise la norme de la variation totale ponderee pour lier le modele de segmentation standard des contours actifs avec le modele de debruitage de Rudin-Osher-Fatemi [10] et les modeles de segmentation de Chan-Vese [5,11] bases sur la fonctionnelle de Mumford-Shah [8].
A novel bi-layer cobalt silicide process with nitrogen implantation for sub-50 nm CMOS and beyond (2003)

We propose the "bi-layer" CoSi/sub 2/ structure with smaller grain size, which realizes low sheet resistance for 35 nm gate length as well as low junction leakage current for 100 nm junction depth for the first time. The formation of the bi-layer CoSi/sub 2/ structure is successfully controlled by the N/sub 2/ ion implantation with low energy and high dosage, and enables us to manufacture sub-50 nm CMOS devices.
New tylosin analogs produced by mutants of Streptomyces fradiae. (1987)

2'''-Demethoxytylosin (component IIIc), 2'''-demethoxy-4'''-epi-tylosin (component IIId) and 2'''-O-demethyltylosin (component Vb) were produced by blocked mutant strains of Streptomyces fradiae. Fermentation, isolation, structure determination and biosynthetic considerations of these tylosin analogs are described.
Textile Frequency Selective Surface (2017)

Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are ubiquitous on rigid substrates and increasingly on flexible polymeric substrates. Here, we developed a FSS on a textile which is neither rigid nor smooth. We fabricate a textile capable of rejecting the millimeter-wave radiation in a narrowband, while retaining desirable textile properties such as flexibility and breathability. The resonators and resonant wavelength are on the order of the weave pitch. Durability tests are performed and spectral response is measured.
Potential Application of Upconverting Nanoparticles for Brain Photobiomodulation (2019)

Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of visible to near-infrared light for modulation or stimulation of the central nervous system in both healthy individuals and diseased conditions. Although the transcranial approach to delivering light to the head is the most common technique to stimulate the brain, delivery of light to deeper structures in the brain is still a challenge. The science of nanoparticle engineering in combination with biophotonic excitation could provide a way to overcome this problem. Upconversion is an anti-Stokes process that is capable of transforming low energy photons that penetrate tissue well to higher energy photons with a greater biological effect, but poor tissue penetration. Wavelengths in the third optical window are optimal for light penetration into brain tissue, followed by windows II, IV, and I. The combination of trivalent lanthanide ions within a crystalline host provides a nanostructure that exhibits the upconversion phenomenon. Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been successfully used in various medical fields. Their ability to cross the brain-blood barrier and their low toxicity make them a good candidate for application in brain disorders. It is possible that delivery of UCNPs to the brainstem or deeper parts of the cerebral tissue, followed by irradiation using light wavelengths with good tissue penetration properties, could allow more efficient PBM of the brain.
Multiple Active Site Corrections for Docking and Virtual Screening (2003)

Several docking programs are now available that can reproduce the bound conformation of a ligand in an active site, for a wide variety of experimentally determined complexes. However, these programs generally perform less well at ranking multiple possible ligands in one site. Since accurate identification of potential ligands is a prerequisite for many aspects of structure-based drug design, this is a serious limitation. We have tested the ability of two docking programs, FlexX and Gold, to match ligands and active sites for multiple complexes. We show that none of the docking scores from either program are able to match consistently ligands and active sites in our tests. We propose a simple statistical correction, the multiple active site correction (MASC), which greatly ameliorates this problem. We have also tested the correction method against an extended set of 63 cocrystals and in a virtual screening experiment. In all cases, MASC significantly improves the results of the docking experiments.
Total Ion Current Electropherogram (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Manganese complexes with a lengthy o -xylylene cross-bridged cyclam ligand: synthesis, characterization and catalytic hydrogen abstraction by dioxygen activation (2007)

Two ultra rigid, o-xylylene cross-bridged macrobicyclic ligands, 1,10,13,19-tetraazatricyclo[8.6.6.03,8]docosa-3,5,7-triene (H2XBC), and 13,19-dimethyl-1,10,13,19-tetraazatricyclo[8.6.6.03,8]docosa-3,5,7-triene (Me2XBC), have been synthesized and the manganese complexes have been synthesized and characterized, including an X-ray structure determination. Mn(Me2XBC)Cl2 displays a relatively high redox potential for the Mn2+/Mn3+ couple (+0.947V vs SHE, measured in CH3CN), suggesting that the manganese(III) complex may be capable of hydrogen abstraction from moderately active substrates. Direct reaction of the freshly synthesized manganese(III) complex, [Mn(Me2XBC)Cl2]PF6, with 1,4-cyclohexadiene confirmed its hydrogen abstracting ability. The manganese(II)/Me2XBC complex is activated by dioxygen in buffered basic aqueous solutions and catalyzes hydrogen abstraction from selected substrates. A possible mechanism for this manganese complex catalyzed dioxygen activation and hydrogen abstraction is proposed.
Dating Human Bone: Is Racemization Dating Species-Specific? (2013)

Our recently developed dating technique based on the racemization rate of aspartic acid was applied to dating human bone, as well as that of other mammals, utilizing capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. First, several well-dated (mostly (14)C-dated and with strong archeological evidence) human bones ranging in age from 150 to ~10,000 years were used to develop a calibration curve for human bone. The D/L ratio of aspartic acid for these specimens ranged from 2.4% to ~10%, with a correlation coefficient of better than 0.99, indicating a strong linear relationship between the d/l ratio of aspartic acid and the age of the specimens. This calibration curve can now be used to date human archeological specimens of unknown age, up to ~10,000 years. However, when the technique was applied to well-dated mixed species of larger mammal bones such as bison, whale, llama, etc., the calibration curve showed a slower rate of racemization with a lower correlation (0.88). As additional large mammal bones with less certain age (i.e., using archeological evidence alone with no (14)C-dating) were dated the correlation coefficient decreased to 0.70. The correlation coefficient decreased further to 0.58 when the racemization data from all mammals (including human) were added to the calibration curve, indicating the importance of using well-dated, species-specific specimens for forming a calibration curve. This conclusion is consistent with our previously published calibration curve for a single species of silk (Bombyx mori), which followed the expected reversible first-order kinetics. These results support species specificity of amino acid racemization dating.
StatStack: Efficient modeling of LRU caches (2010)

Efficient execution on modern architectures requires good data locality, which can be measured by the powerful stack distance abstraction. Based on this abstraction, the miss rate for LRU caches of any size can be predicted. However, measuring stack distance requires the number of unique memory objects to be counted between successive accesses to the same data object, which requires complex and inefficient data collection. This paper presents a new efficient way of estimating the stack distances of an application. Instead of counting the number of unique memory objects touched between successive accesses to the same data, our scheme only requires the number of memory accesses to be counted, a task efficiently handled by existing builtin hardware counters. Furthermore, this information only needs to be captured for a small fraction of the memory accesses. A new efficient off-line algorithm is proposed to estimate the corresponding stack distance based on this sparse information. We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed estimation compared with full stack distance measurements for 28 of the applications in the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite. The estimation shows excellent accuracy based on information about only every 10,000th memory access.
Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis in Flow (2012)

Photoredoxkatalyse: Verschiedene organische Reaktionen, die im sichtbaren Bereich photokatalysiert werden, konnten in einem photochemischen Strömungsreaktor durchgeführt werden. Der Reaktor ist einfach aufzubauen, lässt sich in jedem Labor betreiben und liefert als Bonus höhere Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten als typische Batch-Reaktoren. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Noncoherent multisource network coding (2008)

We examine the problem of multiple sources transmitting information to one or more receivers that require the information from all the sources, over a network where the network nodes perform randomized network coding. We consider the noncoherent case, where neither the sources nor the receivers have any knowledge of the intermediate nodes operations. We formulate a model for this problem, inspired from block- fading noncoherent MIMO communications. We prove, using information theoretic tools, that coding over subspaces is sufficient to achieve the capacity, and give bounds for the capacity. We then examine the associated combinatorial problem of code design. We extend the work by Koetter and Kschischang [3] to code constructions for the multisource case. Our constructions can also be viewed as coding for the noncoherent multiple-access finite-field channel.
Thermo-mechanical reliability prediction for copper pillar 3D IC devices (2017)

3DIC technology has enabled scaling beyond the Moore's Law to achieve higher transistor count, increased functionality and superior performance. Additionally, this technology allows integrating heterogeneous components such as Processor, FPGA, GPU, Memory, Serdes, etc. on the same interposer die enabling faster computing through reduced latency. The yields on the 3DIC technology have matured and are equivalent monolithic flip chip products. All of the above has made 3DIC technology, the key driver for some of the high end computing applications such as Data centers. Any technology is viable only if the end product is reliable and manufacturable with high yields. Understanding the reliability margin of 3D IC package is essential for making them commercially successful. This paper has focused on predicting the thermo-mechanical reliability of 3D IC devices. The device used for this study is a 20nm 3D IC device with 2 FPGA slices stacked on a passive interposer. Both ubump and C4 bumps use tin capped copper pillar bumps. The FPGA and interposer stack are mounted on a 45mm substrate with lead free BGA. Experimental data is collected using standard component level thermal cycling and board level reliability to determine the cycles for first failure. Additionally a board level power cycling test vehicle has been used to mimic real end use condition. The power cycling test vehicle uses self heating elements using the logic elements in the FPGA such as LUTS and Flip Flops. Toggling the logic circuits at a higher rate increases the dynamic power consumption of the FPGA thereby creating more heat. Finite element analysis has been used to predict the thermo-mechanical fatigue life of C4 and BGA solder joints. The accumulated strain energy density was used as damage indicator. A quarter symmetry model is used to increase the computation efficiency. The predicted stain energy density has been correlated with experimental data to derive the prediction constants. The derived prediction constants are then used to predict the life of the C4 bump in field use condition.
Time‐resolved projection angiography after bolus injection of contrast agent (1997)

A method for MR angiography after bolus injection of a normal dose (0.1 mmol/kg) of contrast agent is presented. Projection angiograms are acquired with a non-slice selective Snapshot FLASH sequence with a time resolution of 1 s per image or better. Typically 40 to 60 images are acquired consecutively after bolus injection of a contrast agent. The signal from vessels can be separated from background by postprocessing based on the observed temporal evolution of the signal intensities during bolus passage. The subsecond projection MR-DSA is a reliable and robust technique to produce high resolution anatomical images of the vascular system avoiding the necessity of exact timing of the contrast agent bolus. It also supplies functional information about the hemodynamics in the observed region including perfusion.
25.3: A 9.55‐inch Flexible Top‐Emission AMOLED with a‐IGZO TFTs (2014)

Abstract By using a‐IGZO TFT backplane fabricated on polyimide foil, and top emission OLED structure, full color 9.55‐inch flexible AMOLED display is developed. The process and the experiment results are introduced. The V th shift of a‐IGZO TFTs was described before and after laser lift‐off. The V th shift of a‐IGZO TFT after 5,000 times bending test at 20mm curvature radius is less than 1.0V. We also introduce laser affections to the transfer characters of a‐IGZO TFTs by different energies.
Differentiation of strains of equine arteritis virus of differing virulence to horses by growth in equine endothelial cells (2003)

With the notable exception of the MLV vaccine, growth of the various strains of EAV in EECs was predictive of their individual virulence to horses. Thus, EECs provide a relevant and useful model to further characterize determinants of virulence and attenuation amongst strains of EAV.
Present Situation and Existing Problem on the Treatment of Fluorine-containing Gas in the Production of Wet-process Phosphoric Acid (2008)

Present situation and existing problem on the treatment of fluorine-containing gas in the production of wet-process phosphoric acid was introduced,and problem on extraction decomposition system,flash cooling system of slurry and vacuum concentration system was emphasized.
DNA-Assisted Self Assembly of Photonic Devices and Crystals (1997)

Photonics is playing an increasing role in modern communication, information processing, and data storage. As integrated optoelectronic systems grow in size and the desired operating bandwidth increases, new packaging techniques, such as fluidic self-assembly, 1 robotic precision assembly, 2 and DNA-based methods, 3 , 4 have attracted great research interest. In this paper, we report a DNA self-assembly process and discuss its application to the construction of photonic crystals.
Long term follow‐up after ventricular tachycardia ablation in patients with congenital heart disease (2019)

Abstract Background Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is frequently encountered in patients with repaired and unrepaired congenital heart disease (CHD), causing significant morbidity and sudden cardiac death. Data regarding underlying VT mechanisms and optimal ablation strategies in these patients remain limited. Objective To describe the electrophysiologic mechanisms, ablation strategies, and long‐term outcomes in patients with CHD undergoing VT ablation. Methods Forty‐eight patients (mean age 41.3 ± 13.3 years, 77.1% male) with CHD underwent a total of 57 VT ablation procedures at two centers from 2000 to 2017. Electrophysiologic and follow‐up data were analyzed. Results Of the 77 different VTs induced at initial or repeat ablation, the underlying mechanism in 62 (81.0%) was due to scar‐related re‐entry; the remaining included four His‐Purkinje system–related macrore‐entry VTs and focal VTs mainly originating from the outflow tract region (8 of 11, 72.7%). VT‐free survival after a single procedure was 72.9% (35 of 48) at a median follow‐up of 53 months. VT‐free survival after multiple procedures was 85.4% (41 of 48) at a median follow‐up of 52 months. There were no major complications. Three patients died during the follow‐up period from nonarrhythmic causes, including heart failure and cardiac surgery complication. Conclusion While scar‐related re‐entry is the most common VT mechanism in patients with CHD, importantly, nonscar‐related VT may also be present. In experienced tertiary care centers, ablation of both scar‐related and nonscar‐related VT in patients with CHD is safe, feasible, and effective over long‐term follow‐up.