gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correcting for optical aberrations using multilayer displays (2012)

Optical aberrations of the human eye are currently corrected using eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery. We describe a fourth option: modifying the composition of displayed content such that the perceived image appears in focus, after passing through an eye with known optical defects. Prior approaches synthesize pre-filtered images by deconvolving the content by the point spread function of the aberrated eye. Such methods have not led to practical applications, due to severely reduced contrast and ringing artifacts. We address these limitations by introducing multilayer pre-filtering, implemented using stacks of semi-transparent, light-emitting layers. By optimizing the layer positions and the partition of spatial frequencies between layers, contrast is improved and ringing artifacts are eliminated. We assess design constraints for multilayer displays; autostereoscopic light field displays are identified as a preferred, thin form factor architecture, allowing synthetic layers to be displaced in response to viewer movement and refractive errors. We assess the benefits of multilayer pre-filtering versus prior light field pre-distortion methods, showing pre-filtering works within the constraints of current display resolutions. We conclude by analyzing benefits and limitations using a prototype multilayer LCD.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF METAL CARBENE COMPLEXES FROM DIAZIRINES (1983)

Abstract Synthesis of Metal Carbene Complexes from Diazirines.
Stereodivergent Transformation of Azepino[3,4,5‐cd]indoles En Route to Nature‐Inspired Scaffolds (2023)

Abstract Azepino[3,4,5‐ cd ]indole derivatives represent the core scaffold of important natural products and biologically relevant compounds. Therefore, the establishment of step‐ and atom‐economic strategies to access this class of compounds is of paramount importance. To this end, complexity‐to‐diversity (CtD) strategy has become one of the most important tools that transforms complex molecules into diverse skeleta. However, many of the reactions that could be employed in CtD are restricted by the functional handles exist in these molecules. This limits the achievement of the desired skeletal diversity. Herein, an efficient and step‐economic strategy to access a diverse collection of azepino‐[3,4,5‐ cd ]indole architectures through a cascade that combines Pictet‐Spengler with Michael addition, is described. This was achieved by reacting cyclohexadienone acetaldehydes 2 a – 2 d with indolyl‐4‐ethyl amine 1 . Employing a CtD strategy on the developed azepino‐[3,4,5‐ cd ]indoles, a rapid rearrangement reaction that provided a modular, chemo‐ and diastereoselective access to diverse collection of spiro azepinocarbazole nature‐inspired frameworks, was encountered.
Molecular cartography of the human skin surface in 3D (2015)

The human skin is an organ with a surface area of 1.5-2 m(2) that provides our interface with the environment. The molecular composition of this organ is derived from host cells, microbiota, and external molecules. The chemical makeup of the skin surface is largely undefined. Here we advance the technologies needed to explore the topographical distribution of skin molecules, using 3D mapping of mass spectrometry data and microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequences. Our 3D maps reveal that the molecular composition of skin has diverse distributions and that the composition is defined not only by skin cells and microbes but also by our daily routines, including the application of hygiene products. The technological development of these maps lays a foundation for studying the spatial relationships of human skin with hygiene, the microbiota, and environment, with potential for developing predictive models of skin phenotypes tailored to individual health.
Design of a Delta-Sigma Bandpass Demodulator for a Z-Axis MEMS Vibrational Gyroscope (2005)

This paper describes the design of a ∆Σ bandpass demodulator for a Z-axis MEMS vibrational gyroscope. In this MEMS device, a silicon mass is driven through electrostatic actuator so that it has a sinusoidal linear motion, with a controlled speed. Attached to such driving mass, a second mass, free to move in the direction orthogonal to the motion of the first mass, is subjected to a Coriolis force, proportional to the product of the first mass speed by Z-axis rotational speed. The sensing of the Coriolis force and, in turn, of the Z-axis rotational speed, is performed in closed loop fashion, by measuring the restoring force needed for keeping the sensing mass at the equilibrium position. The restoring force is applied to the sensing mass through a quantized actuation signal, which is obtained from the output bit stream of a band- pass Delta-Sigma converter, containing the information of the Coriolis force. The design of the sensing control loop and simulation results regarding the signal-to-noise ratio achievable with the proposed design is reported. Finally, the issue of the realization of the proposed solution with switched capacitor (SC) technology is also addressed. I. INTRODUCTION
Optimization of p-CuInSe/sub 2/n-CdZnS solar cells. Final subcontract report, 15 April 1984-30 September 1985 (1986)

This research was conducted to fabricate CuInSe/sub 2//CdS solar cells on well-characterized CuInSe/sub 2/ single-crystal wafers in order to improve our understanding of thin-film polycrystalline devices. CuInSe/sub 2/ wafers were supplied to the Institute of Energy by K. Bachmann of North Carolina State University. CdS was deposited onto the wafers to make CuInSe/sub 2//CdS heterojunctions. Some wafers were treated in a Se atmosphere to lower the resistivity and to homogenize properties through the wafer. Not all wafers were single-crystal. The wafers were characterized in terms of resistivity, carrier type, composition and crystallographic structure. The CuInSe/sub 2//CdS cells had efficiencies over 4% and open-circuit voltages over 0.45 V. The number of wafers and their quality limited the device performance achievable in this work.
Activation of Extrastriate and Frontal Cortical Areas by Visual Words and Word-Like Stimuli (1990)

Visual presentation of words activates extrastriate regions of the occipital lobes of the brain. When analyzed by positron emission tomography (PET), certain areas in the left, medial extrastriate visual cortex were activated by visually presented pseudowords that obey English spelling rules, as well as by actual words. These areas were not activated by nonsense strings of letters or letter-like forms. Thus visual word form computations are based on learned distinctions between words and nonwords. In addition, during passive presentation of words, but not pseudowords, activation occurred in a left frontal area that is related to semantic processing. These findings support distinctions made in cognitive psychology and computational modeling between high-level visual and semantic computations on single words and describe the anatomy that may underlie these distinctions.
Embryo defective12 encodes the plastid initiation factor 3 and is essential for embryogenesis in maize (2013)

Embryo-specific mutants in maize define a unique class of genetic loci that affect embryogenesis without a significant deleterious impact on endosperm development. Here we report the characterization of an embryo specific12 (emb12) mutant in maize. Embryogenesis in the emb12 mutants is arrested at or before transition stage. The mutant embryo at an early stage exhibits abnormal cell structure with increased vacuoles and dramatically reduced internal membrane organelles. In contrast, the mutant endosperm appears normal in morphology, cell structure, starch, lipid and protein accumulation. The Emb12 locus was cloned by transposon tagging and predicts a protein with a high similarity to prokaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (IF3). EMB12-GFP fusion analysis indicates that EMB12 is localized in plastids. The RNA in situ hybridization and protein immunohistochemical analyses indicate that a high level of Emb12 expression localizes in the embryo proper at early developmental stages and in the embryo axis at later stages. Western analysis indicates that plastid protein synthesis is impaired. These results indicate that Emb12 encodes the plastid IF3 which is essential for embryogenesis but not for endosperm development in maize.
Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2020)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the cancer with the fastest increase in mortality in the United States, with more than 39,000 cases and 29,000 deaths in 2018. As with many cancers, survival is significantly improved by early detection. The median survival of patients with early HCC is >60 months but <15 months when detected at an advanced stage. Surveillance of at-risk patients improves outcome, but fewer than 20% of those at risk for HCC receive surveillance, and current surveillance strategies have limited sensitivity and specificity. Ideally, blood-based biomarkers with adequate sensitivity or specificity would be available for early detection of HCC; however, the most commonly used biomarker for HCC, alpha-fetoprotein, has inadequate performance characteristics. There are several candidate serum proteomic, glycomic, and genetic markers that have gone through early stages of biomarker validation and have shown promise for the early detection of HCC, but these markers require validation in well-curated cohorts. Ongoing prospective cohort studies will permit retrospective longitudinal (phase III biomarker study) validation of biomarkers. In this review, we highlight promising candidate biomarkers and biomarker panels that have completed phase II evaluation but require further validation prior to clinical use.<b>See all articles in this <i>CEBP Focus</i> section, "NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible."</b>
Enterolactone inhibits the growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas in the rat. (2002)

The inverse association between a high enterolactone (ENL) concentration in both urine and serum, and the risk of breast cancer found in epidemiological studies suggests a chemopreventive action for ENL. However, no causal relationship has been established in clinical studies or in experimental models for breast cancer. In the present study, the potential chemopreventive action of p.o. administered ENL (1 or 10 mg/kg of body weight) was tested in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary cancers of the rat. Rats were maintained on a standard open-formula chow diet. Daily p.o. administration of ENL at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight for 7 weeks significantly inhibited tumor growth. The growth-inhibitory effect of ENL was more pronounced on the new tumors, which developed during the treatment period, but ENL also inhibited the growth of those tumors established before the start of the lignan administration. The rat serum concentration of ENL, which illustrated a permanent positive effect on breast cancer growth, was 0.4 microM, which is >10-fold as compared with the serum concentrations found in the general human population. The effect of ENL was not restricted to any specific histological tumor type. ENL was demonstrated to act as a weak aromatase inhibitor in vitro and to reduce the relative uterine weight of the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated nonovariectomized rats. However, in a short-term assay ENL had no effect on the uterine growth of the intact or androstenedione-treated immature rats. Thus, the mechanism of the ENL action and its minimum or optimal daily dose remains to be clarified.
Natural Raw Materials in the Flavor and Fragrance Industry (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Isolation of Natural Fragrance and Flavor Concentrates Survey of Natural Raw Materials
On searching compressed string collections cache-obliviously (2008)

Current data structures for searching large string collections either fail to achieve minimum space or cause too many cache misses. In this paper we discuss some edge linearizations of the classic trie data structure that are simultaneously cache-friendly and compressed. We provide new insights on front coding [24], introduce other novel linearizations, and study how close their space occupancy is to the information-theoretic minimum. The moral is that they are not just heuristics. Our second contribution is a novel dictionary encoding scheme that builds upon such linearizations and achieves nearly optimal space, offers competitive I/O-search time, and is also conscious of the query distribution. Finally, we combine those data structures with cache-oblivious tries [2, 5] and obtain a succinct variant whose space is close to the information-theoretic minimum.
Thiazolidinediones reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic events in diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis B (2020)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improve glycaemic control and ameliorate liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in patients with fatty liver disease. We aimed to study the impact of TZD and glycaemic control on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic events in diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We performed a retrospective cohort study on diabetic patients with CHB in 2000-2017 using a territory-wide electronic healthcare database in Hong Kong. Diabetes mellitus was identified by use of any antidiabetic medication, haemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (HbA<sub>1c</sub> ) ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L in two measurements or ≥11.1 mmol/L in one measurement and/or diagnosis codes. Use of antidiabetic medications was modelled as time-dependent covariates. Of 28 999 diabetic patients with CHB, 3963 (13.7%) developed liver-related events (a composite endpoint of HCC and hepatic events) at a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 7.1 (3.7-11.8) years; 1153 patients received TZD during follow-up. After adjusted for important confounders, TZD use was associated with a reduced risk of liver-related events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.88; P = .019). Similar trends were observed in HCC (aHR 0.57) and hepatic events (aHR 0.35) separately. Compared to HbA<sub>1c</sub> of 6.5% at baseline, patients with HbA<sub>1c</sub> ≥7% had an increased risk of liver-related events; the risk further increased in 5795 (20.0%) patients with HbA<sub>1c</sub> ≥9% at baseline (aHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04-1.26; P = .006). TZD use is associated with a lower risk of liver-related events in diabetic patients with CHB. Liver-related events are more common in patients with high HbA<sub>1c</sub> levels.
Stress/strain distribution around implantation boundaries III. Magnetization distribution around non-implanted discs in ferrimagnetic garnet epilayers supporting bubbles (1988)

International audience
Electromagnetic Transduction for Wireless Passive Sensors (2012)

Wireless sensors market is growing very fast these last years tanks to the availability of cheap, small and efficient micro–sensors, batteries, analog and RF circuits, and to the presence of standardized communication protocols. Even if these active sensors are very attractive for a lot of applications, they suffer from weak energy autonomy and they are not compatible with harsh environment. In order to overcome these problems, we have developed a new kind of wireless sensors using electromagnetic transducers and radar interrogation. These passive sensors (battery–less and without electronic components) have been studied for pressure, temperature, gas and stress applications.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Biological Properties of 6‐Fluoroquinolonecarboxylic Acids (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dedicated Molecular Imaging Systems for Human Neurological Studies (2019)

In November, a workshop on dedicated brain imaging systems was held in conjunction with the IEEE NSS/MIC meeting in Atlanta, attracting over 100 attendees. The high level of interest prompted the production of this special issue which includes a wide range of topics including some that were presented at the workshop. In addition to submitted technical papers, this issue includes invited perspectives on the role of brain imaging in clinical practice with some emphasis on the system requirements to best meet these clinical needs.
Escherichia coliO157:H7 in Feral Swine near Spinach Fields and Cattle, Central California Coast1 (2007)

We investigated involvement of feral swine in contamination of agricultural fields and surface waterways with Escherichia coli O157:H7 after a nationwide outbreak traced to bagged spinach from California. Isolates from feral swine, cattle, surface water, sediment, and soil at 1 ranch were matched to the outbreak strain.
Dynamics of Mn transport in the mesolimbic system reveal neural projections from the Nucleus Accumbens in vivo (2010)

Keywords: manganese ; MEMRI ; connectivity Reference EPFL-CONF-180062 Record created on 2012-07-13, modified on 2016-08-09
Enzymatic synthesis of a novel trehalose derivative, 3,3′‐diketotrehalose, and its potential application as the trehalase enzyme inhibitor (2001)

We reported the preparation of a novel trehalose derivative based on enzymatic oxidation of trehalose by water-soluble glucose-3-dehydrogenase (G3DH) from marine bacterium Halomonas sp. alpha-15 cells. The product of G3DH enzymatic conversion was 3,3'-diketotrehalose (3,3'dkT), a novel trehalose derivative of which both third hydroxy groups of glucopyranosides were oxidized. 3,3'dkT was revealed to show an inhibitory effect toward pig-kidney and Bombyx mori trehalases. The IC(50) values of 3,3'dkT were 0.8 and 2.5 mM and K(i) values were 0.2 and 0.6 mM for pig-kidney and for B. mori trehalases, respectively. In addition, 3,3'dkT did not show any inhibitory effect on both maltase and mannosidase activities. Therefore, 3,3'dkT was a specific inhibitor of trehalases.
Basic properties of ceramic Pr:LuAG scintillator (2008)

The present work describes the first report of Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> doped transparent ceramic Lu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> (Pr:LuAG) scintillator. Transparent ceramic Pr 0.25 mol% doped LuAG was developed by a sintering method, and it achieved 70% transparency at wavelength longer than 310 nm. The emission wavelength of the ceramic Pr:LuAG shifts to the longer wavelength than that of the single crystalline counterpart. The light yield was measured by an irradiation of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs, and it showed almost the half times as that of the single crystalline counterpart. The energy resolution at 662 keV was also about half worse than that of the single crystalline one, around 10% at few hundreds keV. The decay time shows a big difference with the single crystalline one, because its slower component due to a defect disappear in the ceramic one.
Identification of NVP-TNKS656: The Use of Structure–Efficiency Relationships To Generate a Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Tankyrase Inhibitor (2013)

Tankyrase 1 and 2 have been shown to be redundant, druggable nodes in the Wnt pathway. As such, there has been intense interest in developing agents suitable for modulating the Wnt pathway in vivo by targeting this enzyme pair. By utilizing a combination of structure-based design and LipE-based structure efficiency relationships, the core of XAV939 was optimized into a more stable, more efficient, but less potent dihydropyran motif 7. This core was combined with elements of screening hits 2, 19, and 33 and resulted in highly potent, selective tankyrase inhibitors that are novel three pocket binders. NVP-TNKS656 (43) was identified as an orally active antagonist of Wnt pathway activity in the MMTV-Wnt1 mouse xenograft model. With an enthalpy-driven thermodynamic signature of binding, highly favorable physicochemical properties, and high lipophilic efficiency, NVP-TNKS656 is a novel tankyrase inhibitor that is well suited for further in vivo validation studies.
Heterogeneity of Neoplastic Stem Cells: Theoretical, Functional, and Clinical Implications (2013)

Accumulating evidence suggests that human cancers develop through a step-wise, but nonlinear process of cellular diversification and evolution. Recent mutational analyses indicate that this process is more complex and diverse than anticipated before whole-genome sequencing methods were readily available. Examples are also emerging now of genetically abnormal clones of cells that have acquired mutations with known oncogenic potential but, nevertheless, may show no manifestations of malignant change for many years. To accommodate these diverse realities, we suggest the term neoplastic refer to clones of cells that have any type of somatic aberrancy associated with an increased propensity to become malignant, and the derivative term neoplastic stem cell be adopted to identify the cells responsible for the long-term maintenance of such clones. Neoplastic clones would thus include those that never evolve further, as well as those that eventually give rise to fully malignant populations, and all stages in between. The term cancer stem cells would then be more appropriately restricted to cells generating subclones that have established malignant properties. More precise molecular understanding of the different stem cell states thus distinguished should contribute to the development of more effective prognostic and therapeutic tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Physical characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study of self-assembling amphotericin B-loaded lecithin-based mixed polymeric micelles (2015)

To alleviate the inherent problems of amphotericin B (AmB), such as poor water solubility and nephrotoxicity, a novel self-assembling mixed polymeric micelle delivery system based on lecithin and combined with amphiphilic polymers, Pluronic(®), Kolliphor(®), d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate, and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG2K) was developed. An optimal formulation (Ambicelles) composed of AmB:lecithin:DSPE-PEG2K in a 1:1:10 weight ratio was obtained. The particle size, polydispersion index, drug encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading were 187.20±10.55 nm, 0.51±0.017, 90.14%, and 7.51%, respectively, and the solubility was increased from 0.001 to 5 mg/mL. Compared with that of Fungizone(®), the bioavailability of Ambicelles administered intravenously and orally increased 2.18- and 1.50-fold, respectively. Regarding the in vitro cytotoxicity, Ambicelles had a higher cell viability than free AmB solution or Fungizone(®) did. With pretreatment of 50 μg/mL ethanolic extract of Taiwanofungus camphoratus followed by AmB to HT29 colon cancer cells, the 50% inhibitory concentration of AmB solution was 12 μg/mL, whereas that of Ambicelles was 1 μg/mL, indicating that Ambicelles exerted a greater synergistic anticancer effect.