gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Energy, Short-Pulse Fiber Injection Lasers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2009)

A short-pulse fiber injection laser for the advanced radiographic capability on the National Ignition Facility has been developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This system produces 100 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">¿</i> J pulses with 5 nm of bandwidth centered at 1053 nm. The pulses are stretched to 2.5 ns, and have been recompressed to subpicoseconds pulsewidths. A key feature of the system is that the prepulse power contrast ratio exceeds 80 dB. The system can also precisely adjust the final recompressed pulsewidth and timing, and has been designed for reliable, hands-free operation. The key challenges in constructing this system were control of the SNR, dispersion management, and managing the impact of self-phase modulation on the chirped pulse.
Computational evidence for kinetically controlled radical coupling during lignification (2018)

Lignin is an alkyl-aromatic biopolymer that, despite its abundance, is underutilized as a renewable feedstock because of its highly complex structure. An approach to overcome this challenge that has gained prominence in recent years leverages the plasticity and malleability of lignin biosynthesis to tune lignin structure in planta through genetic approaches. An improved understanding of lignin biosynthesis can thus provide fundamental insights critical for the development of effective tailoring and valorization strategies. Although it is widely accepted that lignin monomers and growing chains are oxidized enzymatically into radicals that then undergo kinetically-controlled coupling in planta, direct experimental evidence has been scarce because of the difficulty of exactly replicating in planta lignification conditions. Here, we computationally investigate a set of radical reactions representative of lignin biosynthesis. We show that, contrary to the widely held notion that radical coupling reactions should be barrierless and dynamically controlled, the computed activation energies can be qualitatively consistent with key structural observations made empirically for native lignin in a variety of biomass types. We also rationalize the origins of regioselectivity in coupling reactions through structural and activation strain analyses. Our findings lay the groundwork for more detailed multiscale simulations of the lignification process.&lt;br&gt;
EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliBiofilms Are Inhibited by 7-Hydroxyindole and Stimulated by Isatin (2007)

Since indole is present at up to 500 microM in the stationary phase and is an interspecies biofilm signal (J. Lee, A. Jayaraman, and T. K. Wood, BMC Microbiol. 7:42, 2007), we investigated hydroxyindoles as biofilm signals and found them also to be nontoxic interspecies biofilm signals for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC), E. coli K-12, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The genetic basis of EHEC biofilm formation was also explored, and notably, virulence genes in biofilm cells were repressed compared to those in planktonic cells. In Luria-Bertani medium (LB) on polystyrene with quiescent conditions, 7-hydroxyindole decreased EHEC biofilm formation 27-fold and decreased K-12 biofilm formation 8-fold without affecting the growth of planktonic cells. 5-Hydroxyindole also decreased biofilm formation 11-fold for EHEC and 6-fold for K-12. In contrast, isatin (indole-2,3-dione) increased biofilm formation fourfold for EHEC, while it had no effect for K-12. When continuous-flow chambers were used, confocal microscopy revealed that EHEC biofilm formation was reduced 6-fold by indole and 10-fold by 7-hydroxyindole in LB. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed that isatin represses indole synthesis by repressing tnaABC 7- to 37-fold in EHEC, and extracellular indole levels were found to be 20-fold lower. Furthermore, isatin repressed the AI-2 transporters lsrABCDFGKR, while significantly inducing the flagellar genes flgABCDEFGHIJK and fliAEFGILMNOPQ (which led to a 50% increase in motility). 7-Hydroxyindole induces the biofilm inhibitor/stress regulator ycfR and represses cysADIJPU/fliC (which led to a 50% reduction in motility) and purBCDEFHKLMNRT. Isogenic mutants showed that 7-hydroxyindole inhibits E. coli biofilm through cysteine metabolism. 7-Hydroxyindole (500 microM) also stimulates P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation twofold; therefore, hydroxyindoles are interspecies bacterial signals, and 7-hydroxyindole is a potent EHEC biofilm inhibitor.
A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing (2022)

A Negative Pressure Room (NPR) is an essential requirement by the Bio-Safety Levels (BSLs) in biolabs or infectious-control hospitals to prevent deadly pathogens from being leaked from the facility. An NPR maintains a negative pressure inside with respect to the outside reference space so that microbes are contained inside of an NPR. Nowadays, differential pressure sensors (DPSs) are utilized by the Building Management Systems (BMSs) to control and monitor the negative pressure in an NPR. This paper demonstrates a non-invasive and stealthy attack on NPRs by spoofing a DPS at its resonant frequency. Our contributions are: (1) We show that DPSs used in NPRs typically have resonant frequencies in the audible range. (2) We use this finding to design malicious music to create resonance in DPSs, resulting in an overshooting in the DPS's normal pressure readings. (3) We show how the resonance in DPSs can fool the BMSs so that the NPR turns its negative pressure to a positive one, causing a potential leak of deadly microbes from NPRs. We do experiments on 8 DPSs from 5 different manufacturers to evaluate their resonant frequencies considering the sampling tube length and find resonance in 6 DPSs. We can achieve a 2.5 Pa change in negative pressure from a ~7 cm distance when a sampling tube is not present and from a ~2.5 cm distance for a 1 m sampling tube length. We also introduce an interval-time variation approach for an adversarial control over the negative pressure and show that the forged pressure can be varied within 12 - 33 Pa. Our attack is also capable of attacking multiple NPRs simultaneously. Moreover, we demonstrate our attack at a real-world NPR located in an anonymous bioresearch facility, which is FDA approved and follows CDC guidelines. We also provide countermeasures to prevent the attack.
Vehicle criteria pollutant (PM, NOx, CO, HCs) emissions: how low should we go? (2018)

Abstract Over the past 30–40 years, vehicle tailpipe emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HCs) have decreased significantly. Advanced emission after-treatment technologies have been developed for gasoline and diesel vehicles to meet increasingly stringent regulations, yielding absolute emission reductions from the fleet despite increased vehicle travel. As a result of mobile and stationary source emission controls, air quality has generally improved substantially in cities across the US and Europe. Emission regulations (such as Tier 3 in the US, LEV III in California, and Euro 6 rules in the EU) will lead to even lower vehicle emissions and further improvements in air quality. We review historical vehicle emission and air quality trends, discuss the future outlook for air quality, and note that modern internal combustion engine vehicles typically have lower exhaust emissions than battery electric vehicle upstream emissions. As vehicle manufacturers and city officials grapple with questions about future mobility in cities, we raise the question “how low should we go?” for future vehicle criteria emissions. The answer to this question will have profound implications for automotive and fuel companies and for the future economic and environmental health of urban areas.
Ballistic transport in periodically modulated MgZnO/ZnO two-dimensional electron systems (2019)

We report the fabrication of both antidot lattices and unidirectional stripe patterns upon molecular beam epitaxy grown MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures. The magnetoresistance of these high mobility devices exhibits commensurability oscillations associated with ballistic transport of carriers executing orbital motion within the geometry of the imposed modulation.
New diffusion phantoms dedicated to the study and validation of high‐angular‐resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) models (2008)

We present new diffusion phantoms dedicated to the study and validation of high-angular-resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) models. The phantom design permits the application of imaging parameters that are typically employed in studies of the human brain. The phantoms were made of small-diameter acrylic fibers, chosen for their high hydrophobicity and flexibility that ensured good control of the phantom geometry. The polyurethane medium was filled under vacuum with an aqueous solution that was previously degassed, doped with gadolinium-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA), and treated by ultrasonic waves. Two versions of such phantoms were manufactured and tested. The phantom's applicability was demonstrated on an analytical Q-ball model. Numerical simulations were performed to assess the accuracy of the phantom. The phantom data will be made accessible to the community with the objective of analyzing various HARDI models.
Increased Angiogenesis Protects against Adipose Hypoxia and Fibrosis in Metabolic Disease-resistant 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (HSD1)-deficient Mice (2011)

In obesity, rapidly expanding adipose tissue becomes hypoxic, precipitating inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance. Compensatory angiogenesis may prevent these events. Mice lacking the intracellular glucocorticoid-amplifying enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1(-/-)) have "healthier" adipose tissue distribution and resist metabolic disease with diet-induced obesity. Here we show that adipose tissues of 11βHSD1(-/-) mice exhibit attenuated hypoxia, induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) activation of the TGF-β/Smad3/α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) signaling pathway, and fibrogenesis despite similar fat accretion with diet-induced obesity. Moreover, augmented 11βHSD1(-/-) adipose tissue angiogenesis is associated with enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-inducible expression of the potent angiogenic factors VEGF-A, apelin, and angiopoietin-like protein 4. Improved adipose angiogenesis and reduced fibrosis provide a novel mechanism whereby suppression of intracellular glucocorticoid regeneration promotes safer fat expansion with weight gain.
CMOS temperature sensors based on thermal diffusion (2009)

This work presents an overview of recent research into integrated temperature sensors based on thermal diffusivity sensing. Such sensors make use of the fact that the thermal diffusivity of highly pure IC-grade silicon has a well-defined temperature dependence and is insensitive to process spread. To measure thermal diffusivity, an on-chip thermal delay can be defined and then used to define the frequency of a VCO. Alternatively, this delay can be directly digitized. Several proof-of-concept devices fabricated in 0.7µm CMOS technology demonstrate good accuracy and reproducibility. They achieve untrimmed inaccuracies in the order of ±0.6°C (3σ) over the military temperature range (−55°C to 125°C), based on the measured performance of 16 samples per batch.
Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children (2018)

Classical eyeblink conditioning (EBC) refers to the learned association between a conditioned stimulus (an auditory tone) and an unconditioned stimulus (a puff of air to the cornea). Eyeblink conditioning is often used experimentally to detect abnormalities in cerebellar-dependent learning and memory that underlies this type of associative learning. While experiments in adults and older children are relatively simple to administer using commercial equipment, eyeblink conditioning in infants is more challenging due to their poor compliance, which makes correct positioning of the equipment difficult. To achieve conditioning in one-year-old infants, a custom-made or an adapted commercial system can be used to deliver the air puff to the infant's cornea. The main challenge lies in successfully detecting and classifying the behavioral responses. We report that automated blink detection methods are unreliable in this population, and that conditioning experiments should be analyzed using frame-by-frame analysis of supplementary video camera recordings. This method can be applied to study developmental changes in eyeblink conditioning and to examine whether this paradigm can detect children with neurological disorders.
Politics, Presidents, and Coattails (1953)

Journal Article Politics, Presidents, and Coattails. By Malcolm Moos. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1952. xxi + 237 pp. Maps, appendixes, and index. $4.50.) Get access Harvey L. Carter Harvey L. Carter Colorado College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 40, Issue 1, June 1953, Pages 172–173, https://doi.org/10.2307/1897595 Published: 01 June 1953
Head Orientation Estimation from Multiple Microphone Arrays (2020)

Knowledge of head orientation is important for various audio signal processing tasks involving human speakers, including speech enhancement and attention tracking. Most of the methods estimate the head orientation using video information which, however, is not always available. In this work, two known audio features for head orientation estimation are reviewed and three new features are proposed. Furthermore, all evaluated features have been combined in two different ways: with a linear combination and a small artificial neural network. The resulting algorithms are able to detect the head orientation in our experiments with high precision and show superior performance over state-of-the-art methods.
A ketone/alcohol polymer for cycle of electrolytic hydrogen-fixing with water and releasing under mild conditions (2016)

Finding a safe and efficient carrier of hydrogen is a major challenge. Recently, hydrogenated organic compounds have been studied as hydrogen storage materials because of their ability to stably and reversibly store hydrogen by forming chemical bonds; however, these compounds often suffer from safety issues and are usually hydrogenated with hydrogen at high pressure and/or temperature. Here we present a ketone (fluorenone) polymer that can be moulded as a plastic sheet and fixes hydrogen via a simple electrolytic hydrogenation at -1.5 V (versus Ag/AgCl) in water at room temperature. The hydrogenated alcohol derivative (the fluorenol polymer) reversibly releases hydrogen by heating (80 °C) in the presence of an aqueous iridium catalyst. Both the use of a ketone polymer and the efficient hydrogen fixing with water as a proton source are completely different from other (de)hydrogenated compounds and hydrogenation processes. The easy handling and mouldable polymers could suggest a pocketable hydrogen carrier.
1-Deoxy-α-D-sorbopyranose (2006)

The crystalline form of 1-de­oxy-d-sorbose, C6H12O5, is shown to be 1-de­oxy-α-d-sorbopyran­ose. This is the first reported crystal structure of a 1-deoxy­ketose. The absolute configuration was determined by the use of d-xylose as the starting material. The crystal structure has a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network.
Statistical Corner Conditions of Interconnect Delay (Corner LPE Specifications) (2008)

Timing closure in LSI design is becoming more and more difficult. But the conventional interconnect RC extraction method has over-margins caused by its corner conditions settings. In this paper, statistical corner conditions using the independence of variations between process parameters and between interconnect layers are proposed, with examinations using the measurement data. As a result of the method, the fast-to-slow guardband decreases by half in average, compared to the conventional method. The proposed method is ready for implementation to LPE tools.
Editorial Radiofrequency Ablation In Ventricular Fibrillation (2008)

ventricular fibrillation, radiofrequency catheter ablation Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the most common arrhythmic cause of sudden cardiac death. The present recommendation for prevention of VF is ICD implantation. However, ICDs are costly; the shocks they give are often very uncomfortable for the patient and they may need reimplantation if there is battery depletion. Radiofrequency ablation of VF was pioneered by Haissaguerre
An In-Depth Study of Open-Source Command and Control Frameworks (2018)

Previous work has intensely studied the prevention and detection of malicious network traffic, but current solutions still lack the efficacy needed to detect Remote Access Trojan (RAT) network activity. This deficiency is becoming more of a threat with the releases of open-source implementations that emphasize ease of use while maintaining stealth and modularity. In this paper, we provide a detailed design and analysis of network-based methods that can detect generic RAT behaviors such as polling, and specific detection techniques targeting three popular open-source RATs: Metasploit, Empire, and Pupy. Our methods rely on passive monitoring as well as semi-active scans targeting suspicious servers that are triggered by the passive monitoring system. Our complete classification system achieves a ~98.5% true positive rate and a ~0.01% false positive rate, validating our approach to RAT detection.
Systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a review and update. (2012)

An in-depth understanding of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is important so that practitioners can make informed evidenced-based decisions with patients to optimize not only quantity of life but quality of life as well. Therefore, this review focuses on the biology of mRCC as it relates to targets for therapy, as well as on the small molecules rationally designed with these targets in mind. In addition, anticipated emerging therapies are highlighted, including the new tyrosine kinase inhibitors axitinib and tivozanib, as well as new immune-based therapies such as dendritic cell-based vaccines and antibodies. We also briefly review recent reports from the emerging field of predicting drug response based on molecular markers. And finally, management of metastatic non-clear cell RCC histologies are discussed focusing on available evidence to direct decision making when assessing therapeutic options.
Data from A Serum Protein Signature Associated with Outcome after Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;A mass spectrometry analysis was performed using serum from patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors to define baseline protein signatures associated with outcome in metastatic melanoma. Pretreatment serum was obtained from a development set of 119 melanoma patients on a trial of nivolumab with or without a multipeptide vaccine and from patients receiving pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, or both nivolumab and ipilimumab. Spectra were obtained using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. These data combined with clinical data identified patients with better or worse outcomes. The test was applied to five independent patient cohorts treated with checkpoint inhibitors and its biology investigated using enrichment analyses. A signature consisting of 209 proteins or peptides was associated with progression-free and overall survival in a multivariate analysis. The test performance across validation cohorts was consistent with the development set results. A pooled analysis, stratified by set, demonstrated a significantly better overall survival for “sensitive” relative to “resistant” patients, HR = 0.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.40, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The test was also associated with survival in a cohort of ipilimumab-treated patients. Test classification was found to be associated with acute phase reactant, complement, and wound healing pathways. We conclude that a pretreatment signature of proteins, defined by mass spectrometry analysis and machine learning, predicted survival in patients receiving PD-1 blocking antibodies. This signature of proteins was associated with acute phase reactants and elements of wound healing and the complement cascade. This signature merits further study to determine if it identifies patients who would benefit from PD-1 blockade. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 6(1); 79–86. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Inhibitors of the Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPatent HighlightNEXTInhibitors of the Renal Outer Medullary Potassium ChannelBenjamin Blass*View Author Information Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States*Tel: 215-707-1085. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 8, 831–833Publication Date (Web):June 19, 2015Publication History Received5 June 2015Published online19 June 2015Published inissue 13 August 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00227https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00227editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views755Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (962 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Group 17 compounds,Ions,Membranes,Potassium Get e-Alerts
Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol-5-phosphatase and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β are targeted by miR-155 in B cells of Eμ-MiR-155 transgenic mice (2009)

We showed that Emicro-MiR-155 transgenic mice develop acute lymphoblastic leukemia/high-grade lymphoma. Most of these leukemias start at approximately 9 months irrespective of the mouse strain. They are preceded by a polyclonal pre-B-cell proliferation, have variable clinical presentation, are transplantable, and develop oligo/monoclonal expansion. In this study, we show that in these transgenic mice the B-cell precursors have the highest MiR-155 transgene expression and are at the origin of the leukemias. We determine that Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta), 2 important regulators of the interleukin-6 signaling pathway, are direct targets of MiR-155 and become gradually more down-regulated in the leukemic than in the preleukemic mice. We hypothesize that miR-155, by down-modulating Ship and C/EBPbeta, initiates a chain of events that leads to the accumulation of large pre-B cells and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/high-grade lymphoma.