gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive pressure preset ventilation for the treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep (2001)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) during sleep is common in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). This pattern of breathing fragments sleep, leading to daytime symptoms of sleepiness and fatigue. It was hypothesized that by controlling CSR with noninvasive pressure preset ventilation (NPPV), there would be a decrease in sleep fragmentation and an improvement in sleep quality. Nine patients (eight males, one female; mean +/- SD 65 +/- 11 yrs) with symptomatic CSR diagnosed on overnight polysomnography (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) 49 +/- 10 x h(-1), minimum arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2, 77 +/- 7%) and CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction 25 +/- 8%) were studied. After a period of acclimatization to NPPV (variable positive airway pressure (VPAP) II ST, Sydney, NSW, Australia and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), Murraysville, PA, USA), sleep studies were repeated on therapy. NPPV almost completely abolished CSR in all patients with a reduction in AHI from 49 +/- 10 to 6 +/- 5 x h(-1) (p<0.001). Residual respiratory events were primarily due to upper airway obstruction at sleep on-set. Arousal index was markedly decreased from 42 +/- 6 to 17 +/- 7 x h(-1) (p <0.001). Sleep architecture showed a trend toward improvement with a reduction in stage 1 and 2 (79 +/- 7% during the diagnostic night versus 72 +/- 10% during NPPV, (p=0.057)), whilst sleep efficiency, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) were not altered. Controlling Cheyne-Stokes respiration with noninvasive pressure preset ventilation resulted in reduced arousal and improved sleep quality in the patients with congestive heart failure. Noninvasive pressure preset ventilation should be considered a potential therapy for Cheyne-Stokes respiration in congestive heart failure in those patients who do not respond or fail to tolerate nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy.
The Effect of Compression Ratio, Fuel Octane Rating, and Ethanol Content on Spark-Ignition Engine Efficiency (2015)

Light-duty vehicles (LDVs) in the United States and elsewhere are required to meet increasingly challenging regulations on fuel economy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as criteria pollutant emissions. New vehicle trends to improve efficiency include higher compression ratio, downsizing, turbocharging, downspeeding, and hybridization, each involving greater operation of spark-ignited (SI) engines under higher-load, knock-limited conditions. Higher octane ratings for regular-grade gasoline (with greater knock resistance) are an enabler for these technologies. This literature review discusses both fuel and engine factors affecting knock resistance and their contribution to higher engine efficiency and lower tailpipe CO2 emissions. Increasing compression ratios for future SI engines would be the primary response to a significant increase in fuel octane ratings. Existing LDVs would see more advanced spark timing and more efficient combustion phasing. Higher ethanol content is one available option for increasing the octane ratings of gasoline and would provide additional engine efficiency benefits for part and full load operation. An empirical calculation method is provided that allows estimation of expected vehicle efficiency, volumetric fuel economy, and CO2 emission benefits for future LDVs through higher compression ratios for different assumptions on fuel properties and engine types. Accurate "tank-to-wheel" estimates of this type are necessary for "well-to-wheel" analyses of increased gasoline octane ratings in the context of light duty vehicle transportation.
Stretchable Electroluminescent Display Enabled by Graphene-Based Hybrid Electrode (2019)

Stretchable alternating-current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices are required due to their potential in wearable, biomedical, e-skin, robotic, lighting, and display applications; however, one of the main hurdles is to achieve uniform electroluminescence with an optimal combination of transparency, conductivity, and stretchability in electrodes. We therefore propose a fabrication scheme involving strategically combining two-dimensional graphene layers with a silver nanowire (Ag NW)-embedded PEDOT:PSS film. The developed hybrid electrode overcomes the limitations of commonly known metallic NWs and ionic conductor-based electrodes for ACEL applications. Furthermore, the potential of the hybrid electrode is realized in demonstrating large-area stretchable ACEL devices composed of an 8 × 8 passive array. The prototype ACEL passive array demonstrates efficient and uniform electroluminescence under high levels of mechanical deformation such as bending, rolling, twisting, and stretching.
<title>Current status of the joint Mayo Clinic-IBM PACS project</title> (1994)

A multi-phase collaboration between Mayo Clinic and IBM-Rochester was undertaken, with the goal of developing a picture archiving and communication system for routine clinical use in the Radiology Department. The initial phase of this project (phase 0) was started in 1988. The current system has been fully integrated into the clinical practice and, to date, over 6.5 million images from 16 imaging modalities have been archived. Phase 3 of this project has recently concluded.
Development of a Scalable Electrophilic Amination Protocol for the Multi-kg Production of 5-Methyl-2-pyridinesulfonamide: A Regulatory Starting Material of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Clazosentan (2023)

5-Methyl-2-pyridinesulfonamide is a regulatory starting material of endothelin receptor antagonist clazosentan. The original route to the key sulfonamide relied on the textbook conversion of the corresponding thiophenol to the intermediate sulfonyl chloride followed by its quenching with aqueous ammonia. However, this route suffered from a wide range of issues such as a low overall yield (29%), challenging aqueous workups and isolations, and the formation of a genotoxic benzyl chloride impurity. Therefore, we developed a conceptually novel production route for 5-methyl-2-pyridinesulfonamide. The new process relied on selectively oxidizing the thiophenol to the intermediate sulfinate salt followed by an electrophilic amination of the nucleophilic sulfinate sulfur-atom with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOSA). This oxidation/electrophilic amination sequence worked as a “one-pot” procedure by simply adding HOSA to the reaction mixture after complete oxidation of the thiophenol with 70% aq. t-BuOOH. The process was extensively optimized with regard to the oxidation step, increasing the stability of HOSA in the reaction mixture, and the final isolation of 5-methyl-2-pyridinesulfonamide. The new process was performed on a 22 kg scale, delivering the desired product as a white solid in 69% overall yield and excellent purity (>99.9% a/a).
Multifunctional Layer‐by‐Layer Architectures for Biological Applications (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Drug Delivery and LbL Interaction of Cells with LbL Films: Adhesion, Proliferation, Stimulation, and Differentiation Plasmid DNA (pDNA)-Based Gene Therapy and LbL Films Exotic Applications of LbL Inspired by Biology Abbreviations Substances and materials Methods and concepts References
Total synthesis of 7-N-acetyl-6-ethyl-lavendamycin methyl ester : an honors thesis (HONRS 499) (1998)

The research detailed within concerns the synthesis of an analog of lavendamycin; 7-N-acetyl-6-ethyl-lavendamycin methyl ester. This synthesis is part of a continuing structure-activity relationship study of various analogs of lavendamycin as possible chemotherapeutic agents. The eventual screening of this analog for biological activity will further the knowledge of the effects of structure on various biological activities. The molecules selected in this SAR study are chosen in hopes that they will show selective toxicity for rask oncogene transformed cells.
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the RNAs of new influenza virus strains: an epidemiological tool. (1978)

Recently, we have shown by separating the RNAs and proteins of different influenza A viruses on polyacrylamide gels, that influenza A viruses contain 8 genes corresponding to 8 virus specific proteins. By analyzing the RNA patterns and the protein patterns of different recombinant viruses we, subsequently, succeeded in establishing a complete genetic map for influenza A viruses. These techniques were extended to characterize the genome of new influenza virus isolates. Thus it was found that the human isolate A/Wi/263/76 and the two swine virus isolates, A/swine/Wi/49/76 and A/swine/Wi/50/76 possess identical RNA patterns, which differ from the RNA patterns of other recent swine virus isolates. The human (Wi/263) and the two animal isolates (Wi/49 and Wi/50) were obtained on the same farm suggesting that the animal virus was transmitted from swine to man. This proves that swine viruses may occasionally infect humans without causing a pandemic. A comparative analysis of the different RNA patterns of other swine influenza viruses isolated around the same time at different locations and of those of recent human isolates showed that our polyacrylamide gel technique is a valuable epidemiological tool to identify and and characterize different influenza virus isolates.
The neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and CHL1 are cleaved by BACE1 protease in vivo. (2012)

VOLUME 287 (2012) PAGES 25927–25940 Dr. Gevaert's last name was misspelled. The correct spelling is shown above.
200V multi RESURF trench MOSFET (MR-TMOS) (2004)

In this paper, we propose a new structure of trench MOSFETs, named Multi RESURF Trench MOSFETs (MR-TMOS). This structure has a deep p type pillar under the trench gate electrode. This p type pillars are formed by using the method of filling trenches with epitaxial silicon. Using this technique, we have developed a 200V class low on-resistance MOSFETs with Ron/spl dot/A=4.8 m/spl Omega//spl dot/cm/sup 2/ at V/sub G/=10V and Vdss=245V. This experimental result shows superior characteristics and a relatively good agreement with the simulation result, Ron/spl dot/A=5.0 m/spl Omega//spl dot/cm/sup 2/ at V/sub G/=10V and Vdss=252V.
Organic-inorganic solids by sol-gel processing: optical applications (1998)

We have developed pure inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic solids by sol-gel processing of silicon alkoxides. `Dense' gels are obtained at room temperature, in any desired shape, including thin films, and we are able to trap organic molecules or clusters. Gels can be polished and exhibit optical transmission in the visible range similar to that of high-temperature silica glasses. Concerning `gel-molecule' and `gel-nanocrystal' composites, the diversity of the organofunctional alkoxide precursors allows us to modify the optical properties by changing the nature and the strength of chemical and electronic interactions between the optically active guest system and the solid host matrix.
Quasicrystalline Weyl points and dense Fermi-Bragg arcs (2022)

We introduce a general mechanism for obtaining Weyl points in a stack of 2D quasicrystals, which can be extended to any stack of aperiodic layers. We do so by driving a topological phase transition with the vertical crystal-momentum as the tuning parameter, which leads to gap closures at the critical points sourcing Berry curvature. To illustrate, we use a simple 3D generalization of the Qi-Wu-Zhang model defined on a Penrose quasicrystal. The presence of Weyl points is established via the local Chern marker, projected band structure and density of states. Interestingly, we uncover an analogue of Fermi arcs in the quasicrystalline setting, which we deem Fermi-Bragg arcs, densely distributed lines connecting the band degeneracies and indexed by the Bragg peaks. Signatures of such surface states in quantum oscillations and the prospect of a fully quasicrystalline Weyl system are also discussed. The flexibility of our proposal brings new opportunities for realizing other gapless topological phases in aperiodic systems, paving the way for a significantly expanded role for topological band theory.
Limits for Recombination in\na Low Energy Loss Organic\nHeterojunction (2016)

Donor–acceptor organic solar\ncells often show high quantum\nyields for charge collection, but relatively low open-circuit voltages\n(&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;OC&lt;/sub&gt;) limit power conversion efficiencies\nto around 12%. We report here the behavior of a system, PIPCP:PC&lt;sub&gt;61&lt;/sub&gt;BM, that exhibits very low electronic disorder (Urbach energy\nless than 27 meV), very high carrier mobilities in the blend (field-effect\nmobility for holes &gt;10&lt;sup&gt;–2&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; V&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;), and a very low driving energy\nfor initial\ncharge separation (50 meV). These characteristics should give excellent\nperformance, and indeed, the &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;OC&lt;/sub&gt; is high\nrelative to the donor energy gap. However, we find the overall performance\nis limited by recombination, with formation of lower-lying triplet\nexcitons on the donor accounting for 90% of the recombination. We\nfind this is a bimolecular process that happens on time scales as\nshort as 100 ps. Thus, although the absence of disorder and the associated\nhigh carrier mobility speeds up charge diffusion and extraction at\nthe electrodes, which we measure as early as 1 ns, this also speeds\nup the recombination channel, giving overall a modest quantum yield\nof around 60%. We discuss strategies to remove the triplet exciton\nrecombination channel.
Host responses influence on the induction of lambda prophage (2008)

Inactivation of bacteriophage lambda CI repressor leads almost exclusively to lytic development. Prophage induction can be initiated either by DNA damage or by heat treatment of a temperature-sensitive repressor. These two treatments also cause a concurrent activation of either the host SOS or heat-shock stress responses respectively. We studied the effects of these two methods of induction on the lytic pathway by monitoring the activation of different lambda promoters, and found that the lambda genetic network co-ordinates information from the host stress response networks. Our results show that the function of the CII transcriptional activator, which facilitates the lysogenic developmental pathway, is not observed following either method of induction. Mutations in the cro gene restore the CII function irrespective of the induction method. Deletion of the heat-shock protease gene ftsH can also restore CII function following heat induction but not following SOS induction. Our findings highlight the importance of the elimination of CII function during induction as a way to ensure an efficient lytic outcome. We also show that, despite the common inhibitory effect on CII function, there are significant differences in the heat- and SOS-induced pathways leading to the lytic cascade.
A conjugated porous poly-benzobisthiadiazole network for a visible light-driven photoredox reaction (2014)

A conjugated porous poly-benzobisthiadiazole network was synthesized <italic>via</italic> high internal phase emulsion polymerization as a highly active and stable heterogeneous photocatalyst.
A Novel Series of Thermally and Electrically Stable Hole-transporters End-capped by [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes for Organic Light-emitting Devices (2019)

A novel series of hole-transporters for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) was developed with the aim of high thermal and electrical stability. This was achieved by introducing [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) moieties as end-cap groups. These BTBT-end-capped hole-transporters exhibited superior thermal stability with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of over 150 °C and high electrical stability in green phosphorescent OLEDs at a high brightness of over 8000 cd m−2 (current density: 15 mA cm−2). A novel series of hole-transporters containing [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) moieties was developed. These hole-transporters exhibited superior thermal stability with a glass transition temperature of over 150 °C, and high electrical stability in green phosphorescent OLEDs at a high brightness of over 8000 cd m−2.
Gobernando la Ciudad de México. (2018)

¿Las grandes metrópolis, como la Ciudad de México, son completamente gobernadas?, ¿qué parte de la ciudad lo es?, ¿qué escapa a las instituciones políticas en la metrópoli? Para discutir estas preguntas, en este libro se examina la acción de los gobiernos en esa metrópoli, se analizan también las actividades ilegales, las invisibles y los asentamientos informales, así como aquéllas de quienes construyen la ciudad y transportan sus productos y a sus habitantes. Esta obra busca ir más allá de la concepción más reconocida, a veces demasiado abstracta, de la gobernanza; para ello se reúnen trabajos empíricos que discuten cómo las dinámicas sociales, las regulaciones informales e ilegales y los procesos de urbanización son conducidos y enfrentados por el gobierno. Los trabajos reunidos aportan elementos para esclarecer qué se gobierna, a quién se gobierna y quién gobierna cuando nadie gobierna; asimismo, permiten formular una explicación sobre cómo es que las metrópolis no son gobernadas de forma completamente racional y, por lo tanto, que aunque caóticos e imperfectos, los modos de gobernanza importan.
Diarylethenes with Electroactive Substituents:  A Theoretical Study to Understand the Effect on the IR Spectrum and a Simple Way to Read Optical Memory in the Mid-IR (2005)

Diarylethenes bearing electro-donating and electro-withdrawing substituents in the 5,5‘-positions of the thiophene unit were studied theoretically (DFT, B3LYP) to understand the effect of the substituents on the infrared spectrum in the two stable forms. The photochromic molecule with the electro-donating substituent showed the largest difference in the infrared (IR) spectrum due to the push−pull−push structure. It was chosen to build a memory film with a readout process in the mid-IR. Information written on the photochromic film was read using a setup based on an infrared camera (multibolometer) and a filtered broadband Globar source. The results showed that the readout process worked without matching any specific absorption band. A good contrast was obtained also with a single camera frame (45 ms).
Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Old and New Promising Treatments (2017)

Glaucoma is a major global cause of blindness, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for the neurodegenerative damage are not clear. Undoubtedly, the high intraocular pressure (IOP) and the secondary ischemic and mechanical damage of the optic nerve have a crucial role in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Several studies specifically analyzed the events that lead to nerve fiber layer thinning, showing the importance of both intra- and extracellular factors. In parallel, many neuroprotective substances have been tested for their efficacy and safety in hindering the negative effects that lead to RGC death. New formulations of these compounds, also suitable for chronic oral administration, are likely to be used in clinical practice in the future along with conventional therapies, in order to control the progression of the visual impairment due to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This review illustrates some of these old and new promising agents for the adjuvant treatment of POAG, with particular emphasis on forskolin and melatonin.
Translation Termination Factor GSPT1 Is a Phenotypically Relevant Off-Target of Heterobifunctional Phthalimide Degraders (2018)

Protein degradation is an emerging therapeutic strategy with a unique molecular pharmacology that enables the disruption of all functions associated with a target. This is particularly relevant for proteins depending on molecular scaffolding, such as transcription factors or receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). To address tractability of multiple RTKs for chemical degradation by the E3 ligase CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (CRL4<sup>CRBN</sup>), we synthesized a series of phthalimide degraders based on the promiscuous kinase inhibitors sunitinib and PHA665752. While both series failed to induce degradation of their consensus targets, individual molecules displayed pronounced efficacy in leukemia cell lines. Orthogonal target identification supported by molecular docking led us to identify the translation termination factor G1 to S phase transition 1 (GSPT1) as a converging off-target, resulting from inadvertent E3 ligase modulation. This research highlights the importance of monitoring degradation events that are independent of the respective targeting ligand as a unique feature of small-molecule degraders.
Analysis of Ya-21u Thermionic Fuel Elements (1996)

The Ya-21u unit of the Soviet-made TOPAZ-II power system has recently been tested at the Thermionic Evaluation Facility in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A change in the unit performance was measured during these tests. In an attempt to identify the causes of this change performance, data were examined and used to estimate surface properties of electrodes of thermionic fuel elements (TFEs) of the power system. The effective emissivity was estimated at ∼0.03 to 0.035 higher than for as-fabricated TFE and cesiated work functions of the electrodes, which were higher than for as-fabricated TFEs. These changes in the effective emissivity and cesiated work functions, caused by gaseous impurities and air incursion in the TFEs interelectrode gap, lowered both the emitter temperature and the output load voltage thus contributing to the measured decrease in output power.
Advances in End-Stage Renal Diseases 2002 (2002)

This publication is the third volume in this series, published annually on the occasion of the International Conference on Dialysis organized by the Renal Research Institute, New York. As in the previous editions, various topics related to ESRD are discussed. This latest volume contains, among many others, contributions on various aspects of con
Metal Thermocompression Wafer Bonding for 3D Integration and MEMS Applications (2010)

Metal bonding layers are used in various wafer bonding applications in MEMS and more recent in wafer-level 3D integration and optoelectronics. The bond process investigated in this paper is thermocompression. The most used metals for such applications are Cu, Au and Al, each of them with specific requirements for the wafer bonding process. While Au use doesn't face the problem of surface oxidation, both Cu and Al surfaces are covered by native oxides when exposed to ambient atmosphere: the oxidized surfaces impact on bonding process results, so their condition is crucial for successful process. The main process conditions for Cu-Cu and Al-Al bonding are reviewed and examples are presented.
Identifying the cause of the efficiency droop in GaInN light-emitting diodes by correlating the onset of high injection with the onset of the efficiency droop (2013)

An unequivocal correlation between the onset of high injection and the onset of the efficiency droop is demonstrated in GaInN light-emitting diodes over a wide range of temperatures. The diode voltage at the onset of high injection and the voltage at the onset of the efficiency droop are correlated by the equation VHigh-injection onset + ΔV ≈ VDroop onset. The excess voltage, ΔV, determined to be 0.3 V, drops partially over the p-type neutral region. The resulting electric field sweeps electrons out of the active region and results in substantial electron leakage despite high barriers that confine the carriers to the active region.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Carbamoyl Radicals: The First General and Convenient Free‐Radical Synthesis of Isocyanates. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.