gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishing Radiological Screening Levels for Defense-related Uranium Mine (DRUM) Sites on BLM Land Using a Recreational Future-use Scenario (2018)

Thousands of former uranium mining sites in the United States, primarily in the southwestern states of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah, are being identified and evaluated to assess their potential for causing public and environmental impacts. The common radiological contaminant of concern that characterizes these sites is naturally occurring uranium ore and associated wastes that may have been left behind postmining. The majority of these sites were abandoned and in general, are referred to as abandoned uranium mines, regardless of the government authority currently managing the land or in some cases, assigned responsibility for the oversight of assessment and remediation. The U.S. Department of Energy has identified over 4,000 defense-related uranium mine sites from which uranium ore was purchased by the U.S. government for nuclear defense programs prior to 1970. U.S. Department of Energy has established a program to inventory and perform environmental screening on defense-related uranium mine sites. The focus of this paper is the approximately 2,400 defense-related uranium mine sites located on federal land managed by the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service. This paper presents the results of an analysis to develop radiological screening criteria for U.S. Department of Energy's defense-related uranium mine sites that can be used as input to the overall ranking of these sites for prioritization of additional assessment, reclamation, or remedial actions. For these sites managed by Bureau of Land Management, public access is typically limited to short-term use, primarily for recreational purposes. This is a broad category that can cover a range of possible activities, including camping, hiking, hunting, biking, all-terrain vehicle use, and horseback riding. The radiological screening levels were developed by calculating the radiological dose to future recreational users of defense-related uranium mine sites assuming a future camper spends two weeks per year at the site engaged in recreational activities. Although a number of possible exposure pathways were included in this analysis (inhalation and ingestion of dust and soil, radon and progeny inhalation, and gamma radiation exposure from the soil), it is desirable as a practical matter to determine what gamma exposure rate would ensure that the annual acceptable exposure as determined by the regulatory authority will not be exceeded in the future. Because these sites are generally remote and located in semiarid environments, traditional exposure scenarios often applied in these types of analyses (e.g., subsistent farmers and ranchers), including exposure pathways for the ingestion of locally grown food products and water, were not considered relevant to short-term recreational use.
Spherulitic Crystallization in Starch as a Model for Starch Granule Initiation (2005)

The influence of cooling rate and quench temperature on the formation of spherulitic morphology in heated mung bean starch is reported. Spherulites were obtained for a wide range of cooling rates (2.5-250 degrees C/min), provided the system was heated to 180 degrees C and then cooled below 65 degrees C. Branched crystalline structures were also observed, as was a gellike morphology. The dissolution temperature for spherulitic material ranged between 100 and 130 degrees C. A second dissolution endotherm was observed between 130 and 150 degrees C in systems containing gellike material. Spherulites revealed B-type X-ray diffraction patterns. Spherulitic crystallization of starch following phase separation is proposed as a model for starch granule initiation in vivo.
High knee valgus in female subjects does not yield higher knee translations during drop landings: A biplane fluoroscopic study (2012)

The goal of this study was to determine the effects of peak knee valgus angle and peak knee abductor moment on the anterior, medial, and lateral tibial translations (ATT, MTT, LTT) in the "at risk" female knee during drop landing. Fifteen female subjects performed drop landings from 40 cm. Three-dimension knee motion was simultaneously recorded using a high speed, biplane fluoroscopy system, and a video-based motion analysis system. Valgus knee angles and knee abduction moments were stratified into low, intermediate, and high groups and peak ATT, MTT, and LTT were compared between these groups with ANOVA (α = 0.05). Significant differences were observed between stratified groups in peak knee valgus angle (p < 0.0001) and peak knee abduction moment (p < 0.0001). However, no corresponding differences in peak ATT, LTT, and MTT between groups exhibiting low to high-peak knee valgus angles (ATT: p = 0.80; LTT: p = 0.25; MTT: p = 0.72); or, in peak ATT (p = 0.61), LTT (p = 0.26) and MTT (p = 0.96) translations when stratified according to low to high knee abduction moments, were found. We conclude that the healthy female knee is tightly regulated with regard to translations even when motion analysis derived knee valgus angles and abduction moments are high.
Advanced Series in Physical Chemistry. Volume 3. Progress and Problems in Atmospheric Chemistry Edited by John R. Barker (The University of Michigan). World Scientific:  River Edge, NJ. 1995. x + 941 pp. $95.00. ISBN 981-02-2113-4. (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewAdvanced Series in Physical Chemistry. Volume 3. Progress and Problems in Atmospheric Chemistry Edited by John R. Barker (The University of Michigan). World Scientific: River Edge, NJ. 1995. x + 941 pp. $95.00. ISBN 981-02-2113-4.Joseph J. BelBrunoView Author Information Dartmouth CollegeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 27, 6456Publication Date (Web):July 9, 1997Publication History Published online9 July 1997Published inissue 1 July 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja965713phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja965713pbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Atmospheric chemistry,Physical chemistry Get e-Alerts
The Cytomegalovirus-Encoded Chemokine Receptor US28 Can Enhance Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Different Viral Proteins (1998)

The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) US28 gene encodes a functional CC chemokine receptor. However, this activity was observed in cells transfected to express US28 and might not correspond to the actual role of the protein in the CMV life cycle. Expression of US28 allows human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into certain CD4(+) cells and their fusion with cells expressing HIV-1 envelope (Env) proteins. Such properties were initially reported for the cellular chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, which behave as CD4-associated HIV-1 coreceptors. We found that coexpression of US28 and either CXCR4 or CCR5 in CD4(+) cells resulted in enhanced synctium formation with HIV-1 Env+ cells. This positive effect of US28 on cell fusion seems to be distinct from its HIV-1 coreceptor activity. Indeed, enhancement of cell fusion was also observed when US28 was expressed on the HIV-1 Env+ cells instead of an CD4(+) target cells. Furthermore, US28 could enhance cell fusion mediated by other viral proteins, in particular, the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G). The HIV-1 coreceptor and fusion-enhancing activities could be affected by mutations in different domains of US28. The fusion-enhancing activity of US28 seems to be cell type dependent. Indeed, cells coexpressing VSV-G and US28 fused more efficiently with human, simian, or feline target cells, while US28 had no apparent effect on fusion with the three mouse or rat cell lines tested. The positive effect of US28 on cell fusion might therefore require its interaction with a cell-specific factor. We discuss a possible role for US28 in the fusion of the CMV envelope with target cells and CMV entry.
Antibody idiotype plays a critical role in regulating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against influenza A virus (2016)

Abstract The generation of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies against influenza A virus is known to confer potent protection against homologous infections. Recently, elicitation of broadly-neutralizing antibodies which target the conserved hemagglutinin stalk domain have emerged as a promising “universal” influenza virus vaccine strategy. The ability of these antibodies to elicit Fc-dependent effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, has emerged as an important mechanism through which protection is achieved in vivo. However, the way in which Fc-dependent effector functions are regulated by polyclonal influenza-binding antibody idiotypes in vivo has never been defined. Here, we demonstrate that complex interactions among viral glycoprotein-binding antibody idiotypes regulate the magnitude of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induction. We propose that antibody idiotype serves as a critical determinant in the activation of ADCC. This is the first demonstration that cross-talk among antibody idiotypes is important for the regulation of Fc-dependent effector functions. This phenomenon will have major implications for not only the development of universal influenza virus vaccines, but also in any scenario wherein Fc-dependent effector functions are engaged in the context of polyclonal responses containing multiple antibody idiotypes.
Physiological levels of interleukin-18 stimulate multiple neutrophil functions through p38 MAP kinase activation (2002)

Patients with sepsis and acute lung injury have increased interleukin (IL)-18 levels systemically. We hypothesize that IL-18 stimulates neutrophils (PMNs) at physiologic concentrations. IL-18 primed the oxidase at 15 min (10-100 ng/ml), 30 min (0.1-100 ng/ml), and 60 min (100 ng/ml; P<0.05) and caused translocation of p47(phox) to the membrane similar to lipopolysaccharides. CD11b surface expression was increased by IL-18 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. IL-18 caused up-regulation of the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe receptor, changes in PMN size, and elastase release. Investigation of signaling demonstrated IL-18-mediated activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in a concentration (0.1-100 ng/ml)-, time (5-15 min)-, and Ca2+-dependent manner. IL-18 directly increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. IL-18 activation of PMNs was blocked by inhibition of p38 MAP kinase activity (SB203580) or by inhibition of p38 MAP kinase activation by chelation of cytosolic Ca2+. We conclude that IL-18, at physiologic concentrations, is an effective PMN priming agent that requires p38 MAP kinase activity.
Neurofibrillary degeneration of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease (1986)

Two principal features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are (1) the occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques, and (2) the loss of cortical cholinergic activity because of dysfunction of neurons in the basal forebrain cholinergic system. The relationship of these two abnormalities is an unresolved issue in the pathology of AD. We used polyclonal antibodies specific for paired helical filaments (PHFs), combined with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry, to assess the cytoskeletal changes of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain in AD. In both sporadic and familial AD, the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) showed a marked decrease in AChE-positive (AChE+) perikarya and abundant immunoreactive NFTs. In double-labeling studies of the nbM, PHF reactivity was found both in surviving AChE+ neurons and in many AChE- NFTs that were not associated with microscopically recognizable cell structures. Some surviving AChE+ perikarya did not contain NFTs. Numerous NFTs and senile plaques were identified by PHF immunoreactivity in other basal forebrain areas, including subnuclei of the amygdala that showed low or absent AChE activity. We conclude that the dysfunction and death of cholinergic neurons in the nbM is associated with extensive NFT formation, including apparently residual NFTs in loci where nbM neurons once existed; and many noncholinergic neurons and neurites in the basal forebrain show NFT and senile plaque formation. The cytopathology of AD involves neurons of varying transmitter specificities, including cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain.
Hierarchical Fabric Decorated with Carbon Nanowire/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for 1.6 V Wearable Aqueous Supercapacitors (2018)

Abstract Aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) may offer comparable or higher energy density than electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) based on organic electrolytes. As such, ASCs may be more suitable for integration into smart textiles, where the use of flammable organic solvents is not acceptable. However, reported ASC devices typically suffer from poor rate capability and low areal loadings. This study demonstrates the development of nitrogen‐doped carbon (N‐C) nanowire/metal oxide (Fe 2 O 3 and MnO 2 ) nanocomposite electrodes directly produced on the internal surface of a conductive fabric for use as high‐rate electrodes for solid‐state ASCs. The N‐C nanowires provide fast and efficient pathways for electrons, while short diffusion paths within nanosized metal oxides enable fast ion transport, leading to greatly enhanced performance at high rates. The porous structure of the fabric enables high areal capacitance loading in each electrode (≈150 mF cm −2 ). Both electrodes show high specific capacitance of ≈180 F g −1 (Fe 2 O 3 ) and ≈250 F g −1 (MnO 2 ) and excellent rate capability. Solid‐state ASCs assembled by using an aqueous gel electrolyte operate at 1.6 V and deliver over 60 mF cm −2 during ≈50 s charging/discharging time and over 30 mF cm −2 for ≈5 s discharge.
Phase I clinical study to select a novel oral formulation for ibandronate containing the excipient sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC). (2012)

The aim of this study was to select a novel oral formulation for ibandronate (IBN, CAS number: 13892619). In four cohorts of 28, 21, 19 and 29 healthy volunteers, the impact of the carrier molecule sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC, CAS number: 203787-91-1) on the bioavailability of IBN was investigated. Within each cohort different oral formulations with one dose of ibandronate (30 mg) and three different ratios of IBN:SNAC (1:5, 1:10 and 1:20) were compared to the approved oral IBN tablet formulations (150 and 50 mg IBN) in a 4-way cross-over design and a one week washout between the administrations. The highest mean IBN exposure was achieved with a capsule formulation containing drug-coated beadlets and an IBN:SNAC ratio of 1:5. AUC(last) and C(max) of IBN were approximately 1.3- and 2.2-fold higher compared to the reference treatment (150 mg IBN without SNAC). Increasing the post-dose fasting duration from 15 to 30 min resulted in a more than 2-fold increase in AUC(last), while superimposable IBN serum concentration-time profiles were achieved after a 30 and 60 min fast. The tolerability of the IBN/SNAC treatments in all cohorts was similar to that in the IBN reference groups and most adverse events (AEs) were of mild to moderate intensity.
Mechanisms underlying the impact of humic acids on DNA quantification by SYBR Green I and consequences for the analysis of soils and aquatic sediments (2003)

DNA quantification of soils and sediments is useful for the investigation of microbial communities and for the acquisition of their genomes that are exploited for the production of natural products. However, in such samples DNA quantification is impaired by humic acids (HA). Due to its lack of specificity and sensitivity, UV spectrophotometry cannot be applied. Consequently, fluorimetric assays applying Hoechst (H) 33258 or PicoGreen (PG) are used. Here, we investigated the SYBR Green I (SG) assay, which was also affected by HA, but was found to be 25- and 1.7-fold more sensitive compared to the H 33258 and PG assays, respectively. Spectrophotometric, fluorimetric and quenching studies as well as gel mobility shift assays suggested that the effect of HA on the SG assay was based on an inner filter effect, collisional quenching and binding of SG to HA. As to the latter finding, the standard 6250-fold dilution of the SG reagent was optimised to a 2000-fold dilution. Although the sensitivity of the optimised SG assay was reduced by a factor of 1.3, the interfering effect of HA could be reduced up to 22-fold. A significant reduction of HA interferences by lowering the pH of the assay was not observed. Finally, the performance of the modified SG assay and the corresponding evaluation methods were verified by the determination of DNA recoveries and concentrations of standards and environmental samples in comparison to the PG assay.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, New Bacterial Gyrase/Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Potent Antibacterial Activities versus Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive and Fastidious Organism Groups (2007)

PD 0305970 and PD 0326448 are new bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase inhibitors (quinazoline-2,4-diones) that possess outstanding in vitro and in vivo activities against a wide spectrum of bacterial species including quinolone- and multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups. The respective MICs (microg/ml) for PD 0305970 capable of inhibiting>or=90% of bacterial strains tested ranged from 0.125 to 0.5 versus staphylococci, 0.03 to 0.06 versus streptococci, 0.25 to 2 versus enterococci, and 0.25 to 0.5 versus Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Legionella pneumophila, and Neisseria spp. PD 0326448 MIC90s were generally twofold higher versus these same organism groups. Comparative quinolone MIC90 values were 4- to 512-fold higher than those of PD 0305970. In testing for frequency of resistance, PD 0305970 and levofloxacin showed low levels of development of spontaneous resistant mutants versus both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Unlike quinolones, which target primarily gyrA and parC, analysis of resistant mutants in S. pneumoniae indicates that the likely targets of PD 0305970 are gyrB and parE. PD 0305970 demonstrated rapid bactericidal activity by in vitro time-kill testing versus streptococci. This bactericidal activity carried over to in vivo testing, where PD 0305970 and PD 0326448 displayed outstanding Streptococcus pyogenes 50% protective doses (PD50s) (oral dosing) of 0.7 and 3.6 mg/kg, respectively (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin PD50s were>100 and 17.7 mg/kg, respectively). PD 0305970 was also potent in a pneumococcal pneumonia mouse infection model (PD50=3.2 mg/kg) and was 22-fold more potent than levofloxacin.
Glycan-specific whole cell affinity chromatography: A versatile microbial adhesion platform (2014)

We have sought a universal platform for elucidating and exploiting specificity of glycan-mediated adhesion by potentially uncharacterized microorganisms. Several techniques exist to explore microbial interactions with carbohydrate structures. Many are unsuitable for investigating specific mechanisms or uncharacterized organisms, requiring pure cultures, labeling techniques, expensive equipment, or other limitations such as questionable stability, stereospecificity, or scalability. We have adapted an affinity chromatography resin as a model to overcome these drawbacks, among others. It readily allows for the quantification, selection, and manipulation of target organisms based on interactions with glycan ligands. To maximize its utility as a selective screening method, we have constructed the tool such that it:•Promotes whole-cell interactions using viable, unaltered cells.•Provides robust spatial interactions with target glycans, presented with controlled stereo-specificity, for high affinity/avidity interactions that reflect a complex in vivo matrix.•Has the ability to utilize any reducing glycan, is quick, efficient, safe, and affordable to construct, and is scalable and reusable for multiple applications.
Advertising IPv4 Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) with an IPv6 Next Hop (2020)

Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP) specifies that the set of usable next-hop
address families is determined by the Address Family Identifier (AFI)
and the Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI). The current
AFI/SAFI definitions for the IPv4 address family only have provisions
for advertising a Next Hop address that belongs to the IPv4 protocol
when advertising IPv4 Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) or
VPN-IPv4 NLRI. This document specifies the extensions necessary to
allow advertising IPv4 NLRI or VPN-IPv4 NLRI with a Next Hop address
that belongs to the IPv6 protocol. This comprises an extension of the
AFI/SAFI definitions to allow the address of the Next Hop for IPv4
NLRI or VPN-IPv4 NLRI to also belong to the IPv6 protocol, the
encoding of the Next Hop to determine which of the protocols the
address actually belongs to, and a new BGP Capability allowing MP-BGP
Peers to dynamically discover whether they can exchange IPv4 NLRI and
VPN-IPv4 NLRI with an IPv6 Next Hop.
FPGAs in the Datacenters (2018)

String sorting is an important part of database and MapReduce applications; however, it has not been studied as extensively as sorting of fixed-length keys. Handling variable-length keys in hardware is challenging and it is no surprise that no string sorters on FPGA have been proposed yet. We present Parallel Hybrid Super Scalar String Sample Sort (pHS5) on Intel HARPv2, a heterogeneous CPU-FPGA system with a server-grade multi-core CPU. Our pHS5 is based on the state-of-the-art string sorting algorithm for multi-core shared memory CPUs, pS5, which we extended with multiple processing elements (PEs) on the FPGA. Each PE accelerates one instance of the most effectively parallelizable dominant kernel of pS5 by up to 33% compared to a single Intel Xeon Broadwell core running at 3.4 GHz. Furthermore, we extended the job scheduling mechanism of pS5 to enable our PEs to compete with the CPU cores for processing the accelerable kernel, while retaining the complex high-level control flow and the sorting of the smaller data sets on the CPU. We accelerate the whole algorithm by up to 10% compared to the 28 thread software baseline running on the 14-core Xeon processor and by up to 36% at lower thread counts.