gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonproteolytic Role for the Urokinase Receptor in Cellular Migration In Vivo (2000)

The urokinase receptor (uPAR) binds and localizes urokinase activity at cellular surfaces, facilitating fibrinolysis and cellular migration at sites of tissue injury. uPAR also participates in cellular signaling and regulates integrin-dependent adhesion and migration in vitro. We now report evidence that uPAR occupancy regulates cellular migration in vivo in the absence of functional urokinase. Recombinant murine KC (1.5 microg), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, was delivered to the lungs of wild-type, urokinase-deficient or uPAR-deficient mice 18 h after intraperitoneal injection of 200 microg human immunoglobulin G (IgG) or a fusion protein composed of an amino-terminal receptor-binding fragment of urokinase and a human IgG Fc fragment (GFD-Fc). Whole lung lavage for recovery of leukocytes was performed 4 h later. KC treatment resulted in a 100-fold increase in lavage neutrophils. GFD-Fc injection resulted in >50% reduction in neutrophil influx in both wild-type and urokinase-deficient animals but had no effect on uPAR -/- mice. A concomitant reduction in alveolar protein leakage but no change in numbers of circulating neutrophils accompanied this attenuated inflammatory response. The reduction in neutrophil influx induced by GFD-Fc is thus related to uPAR occupancy and yet not due to disruption of uPAR-mediated proteolysis. These observations verify that protease-independent functions of uPAR operate in vivo and identify uPAR as a potential target for regulation of inflammatory processes characterized by neutrophil-mediated injury.
Substituent Effects ofN-(1,3-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides on Positive Allosteric Modulation of the Metabotropic Glutamate-5 Receptor in Rat Cortical Astrocytes (2006)

CDPPB [3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide] was recently described as the first centrally active, positive allosteric modulator of rat and human metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) mGluR5 subtype. We explored the structural requirements for potentiation of glutamate-induced calcium release in naturally expressed mGluR5 in cultured rat astrocytes and increasing affinity for the allosteric antagonist binding site by evaluating 50 analogues of CDPPB. In the fluorometric calcium assay, CDPPB exhibited an EC50 value of 77 +/- 15 nM in potentiating mGluR5-mediated responses in cortical astrocytes and a Ki value of 3760 +/- 430 nM in displacing [3H]methoxyPEPy binding in membranes of cultured HEK-293 cells expressing rat mGluR5. The structure-activity relationships showed that electronegative aromatic substituents in the para-position of the benzamide moiety of CDPPB increase potency. Both binding and functional activities were further increased with a halogen atom in the ortho-position of the 1-phenyl ring. These effects of substitution do not match those of either aromatic ring of MPEP [2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine] for the antagonist allosteric binding site. Combination of the optimal substituents and aromatic positions resulted in 4-nitro-N-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (VU-1545) showing Ki = 156 +/- 29 nM and EC50 = 9.6 +/- 1.9 nM in the binding and functional assays, respectively.
Chloride sensing by WNK1 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis (2021)

The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and initiates inflammatory cell death. Although NLRP3 is essential for innate immunity, aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to a wide variety of inflammatory diseases. Understanding the pathways that control NLRP3 activation will help develop strategies to treat these diseases. Here we identify WNK1 as a negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Macrophages deficient in WNK1 protein or kinase activity have increased NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis compared with control macrophages. Mice with conditional knockout of WNK1 in macrophages have increased IL-1β production in response to NLRP3 stimulation compared with control mice. Mechanistically, WNK1 tempers NLRP3 activation by balancing intracellular Cl<sup>-</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> concentrations during NLRP3 activation. Collectively, this work shows that the WNK1 pathway has a critical function in suppressing NLRP3 activation and suggests that pharmacological inhibition of this pathway to treat hypertension might have negative clinical implications.
Kann Deutschland als akademischer Player international mithalten? (2018)

In der JULIET-Studie konnte die Effektivität der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie mit Tisagen-lecleucel bei Patienten mit diffus großzelligem B-Zell-Lymphom (DCBCL) gezeigt werden. Zum ersten Mal wurden in Deutschland DCBCL-Patienten mit der CAR-T-Zell-Strategie behandelt. Bei aller Begeisterung über die Therapieerfolge kritisiert Prof. Peter Borchmann, Universitätsklinik Köln, den Stand der europäischen Forschung bei der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie und das Fehlen klinischer Phase-III-Studien.
Neural Influence on Protein Kinase C Isoform Expression in Skeletal Muscle (1996)

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of enzymes involved in synapse formation and signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction. Two PKC isoforms, classical PKC alpha and novel PKC theta, have been shown to be enriched in skeletal muscle or localized to the endplate. We examined the role of nerve in regulating the expression of these PKC isoforms in rat skeletal muscle by denervating diaphragm muscle and measuring PKC protein expression at various postoperative times. nPKC theta protein levels decreased 65% after denervation, whereas cPKC alpha levels increased 80% compared with control hemidiaphragms. These results suggest that innervation regulates PKC theta and alpha isoform expression in skeletal muscle. To explore further how nerve regulates PKC expression, we characterized PKC isoform expression in rat myotubes deprived of neural input. Myoblast expression of nPKC theta was low, and the increase in nPKC theta expression that occurred during differentiation into myotubes resulted in levels of nPKC theta significantly below adult skeletal muscle. cPKC alpha expression in myoblastic increased during differentiation to levels that exceeded expression in adult skeletal muscle. Coculturing myotubes within neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid clonal cell line (NG108-15) increased nPKC theta expression, but not cPKC alpha, suggesting that nPKC theta in skeletal muscle and myotubes is regulated by nerve contact or by a factor(s) provided by nerve. Treating myotubes with tetrodotoxin did not affect either basal- or NG108-15 cell-stimulated nPKC theta expression. Together these results suggest that expression of nPKC theta in skeletal muscle is regulated by a transynaptic interaction with nerve that specifically influences nPKC theta expression.
De-intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral minimally invasive surgery for resectable HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma (2018)

This review highlights the current lack of high-quality randomised controlled trials studying treatment de-escalation after minimally invasive surgery in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC. However, trials that will meet the inclusion criteria for this review are in progress with results expected between 2021 and 2023.
Synchronization for Waveguide Laser Array Using Talbot Cavity (2016)

The Talbot cavity is one passive phase-locking technique for array lasers whose study is attractive due to its inherent simplicity. This paper describes the principle of the Talbot cavity and the obstacles that are impeding its commercial success. This paper also introduces our research into it using waveguide lasers. The Talbot cavity uses a compact, low-cost, high-gain waveguide laser array and successfully synchronizes the phases of the laser array while maintaining high slope efficiency. We also proposed and realized intra-Talbot-cavity frequency-doubling to convert an array of out-of-phase lasers into inphase lasers because a conventional Talbot cavity produces an out-of-phase laser array. By placing a nonlinear crystal in a Talbot cavity, the Talbot cavity generates an out-of-phased fundamental wave array, which is converted into an in-phase-locked second harmonic wave array at the nonlinear crystal.
Leksell stereotactic instrument (1981)

Clinical Professor in Neurosurgery, Shanghai First Medical College, Shanghai, and Chief of Department of Neurosurgery, Hua Shan Hospital of Shanghai First Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
Solution Processed Organic Photovoltaic Cells Using D-A-D-A-D Type Small Molecular Donor Materials with Benzodithiophene and Diketopyrrolopyrrole Units (2016)

Organic photovoltaic Cells (OPVs) have been considered to be a next-generation energy source to overcome exhaustion of resources. Currently, OPVs are developed based on two types of donor material with polymer and small molecule. Polymeric donor materials have shown better power conversion efficiency (PCE) than small molecular donor materials, since it's easy to control the morphology of photoactive film. However, the difficulty in synthetic reproducibility and purification of polymeric donor were main drawback to overcome. And then, recently small molecule donor materials have been overcome bad morphology of OPVs film by using appropriate alkyl substituents and relatively long conjugation system. In this study, we designed and synthesized D-A-D-A-D type small molecular donor materials containing alternatively linked benzodithiophene (BDT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units. Also, we studied on the effect of photovoltaic performance of prepared small molecular D-A-D-A-D type donor with variation of thiophene links and with/without hexyl substituent. Our small molecular donors showed HOMO energy levels from -5.26 to -5.34 eV and optical bandgaps from 1.70 to 1.87 eV by CV (cyclic voltammetry) and UV/Vis spectroscopy, respectively. Finally, 3.4% of PCE can be obtained using a mixture of BDT(DPP)2-T2 and PCBM as an active layer with a Voc of 0.78 V, a Jsc of 9.72 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 0.44 under 100 mW/cm2 AM 1.5G simulated light. We will discuss the performance of D-A-D-A-D type small molecular donor based OPVs with variation of both terminal substituents.
The Where and When of Intention (2004)

Although a subjective urge-or intention-to act appears to precede a voluntary action by almost a quarter of a second, neuroscientists have not had a clear picture of the brain activity that underlies this intentional state. In his Perspective, [Eagleman][1] discusses new work ([ Lau et al .][2]) that uses functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish brain areas that are activated in response to the intention to move versus the actual movement.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/303/5661/1144
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/303/5661/1208
A Model for Mark Size Dependence on Field Emission Voltage in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Probe Recording on CoNi/Pt Multilayers (2004)

A method of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) potentially suitable for probe-based storage systems is characterized. In this work, field emission current from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip is used as the heating source. Pulse voltages of 2-7 V with a duration of 500 ns were applied to a CoNi/Pt multilayered film. Different types of Ir/Pt and W STM tips were used in the experiment. The results show that thermally recorded magnetic marks are formed with a nearly uniform mark size of 170 nm when the pulse voltage is above a threshold voltage. The threshold voltage depends on the material work function of the tip, with W having a threshold voltage about 1 V lower than Pt. The emission area of our tip-sample system derived from an analytic expression for field emission current is approximately equal to the mark size, and is largely independent of pulse voltage. This emission area is large compared to lateral heat diffusion in the film. Thus higher applied voltages lead to higher peak temperatures in the model of the write process, but the mark diameter remains relatively unchanged.
Field Trial of 640-Gbit/s-Throughput, Granularity-Flexible Optical Network Using Packet-Selective ROADM Prototype (2009)

Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) are able to provide flexible wavelength path provisioning in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. However, the capability of conventional ROADMs is limited to handling wavelength paths, and it does not support fine granularity in add/drop multiplexing of packets. Recently, we have proposed and demonstrated a packet-selective ROADM that combines an acoustooptic wavelength-tunable filter (AOTF) and an optical packet ADM (PADM) using optical code label processing. It provides more efficient utilization of wavelengths than conventional ROADMs. However, the bit rate of the demonstration was limited up to 10 Gbit/s. In this paper, we newly develop a label-selectivity-enhanced optical en/decoder, which allows the optical label recognition with 40-Gbit/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data packets, and a wide pass-band AOTF for 40-Gbit/s signals. Furthermore, we develop 640-Gbit/s throughput, packet-selective ROADM prototype, and demonstrate a field trial of granularity-flexible 3-node optical network over 173 km. error-free packet ADMs (error rate of under 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> ) for all 16-wavelength channels at all nodes are obtained.
Enhanced Photon Utilization in Single Cavity Mode Air-Bridge Thermophotovoltaic Cells (2023)

An air-bridge thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cell can enable nearly complete utilization of out-of-band (OOB) photons. However, the air-bridge consists of a micron-thick free-standing semiconductor membrane that can buckle during fabrication. Such a buckled membrane supports multiple optical cavity modes in the air gap between the semiconductor and the bottom, metal back surface reflector, causing up to 10% loss in OOB reflectance (ROOB). Here we demonstrate a single cavity mode with an extremely flat In0.53Ga0.47As TPV membrane that exhibits ROOB = 98.9 ± 0.1% under 1279 K blackbody illumination. The remaining 1.1% reflectance loss is attributed to free carrier absorption and cavity oscillations. The flat TPV cell exhibits a spectral efficiency ranging from 68.6% to 76.5% for emitter temperatures between 900 and 1500 K, which exceeds that of previous reflective TPV cells, and represents a 20–30% improvement compared to the buckled cell, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 31.7 ± 0.1% at 1279 K.
Evaluation of Texas Instruments TMS320C64x mediaprocessor architecture and performance in image and video computing (2001)

Texas Instruments recently introduced its latest C6000 family DSP core; TMS320C64x. C64x is a VLIW DSP core with eight 32-bit functional units, two levels of on-chip memory and a programmable Direct Memory Access (DMA) controller. We have developed about 25 image/video computing functions and have assessed its performance and suitability in image/video computing. We present some of these results along with an example on how we mapped image warping optimally onto the C64x core. C64x, although a 32-bit architecture, has a throughput similar to that of 64-bit architectures. It is powerful due to its large and multi-level on-chip memory, a number of available functional units, high clock frequency, and ease of programming.
Crazy Sequential Representations: Without Subtraction and/or Division (2018)

Abstract not available.
Anonymous identification with cancelable biometrics (2009)

Cancelable biometrics were introduced by Ratha et al. in 2001 to obtain templates which are renewable and do not let come back to the original biometric trait. We extend this technique to achieve the property of untraceability among different identifications across time. To this end, we need time-dependent templates. We here describe a system relying on time-dependent cancelable biometrics and analyse its security.
Functional demonstration of Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransporter activity in isolated, polarized choroid plexus cells (1998)

The function of the apical Na + -K + -2Cl − cotransporter in mammalian choroid plexus (CP) is uncertain and controversial. To investigate cotransporter function, we developed a novel dissociated rat CP cell preparation in which single, isolated cells maintain normal polarized morphology. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that in isolated cells the Na + -K + -ATPase, Na + -K + -2Cl − cotransporter, and aquaporin 1 water channel remained localized to the brush border, whereas the Cl − /[Formula: see text](anion) exchanger type 2 was confined to the basolateral membrane. We utilized video-enhanced microscopy and cell volume measurement techniques to investigate cotransporter function. Application of 100 μM bumetanide caused CP cells to shrink rapidly. Elevation of extracellular K + from 3 to 6 or 25 mM caused CP cells to swell 18 and 33%, respectively. Swelling was blocked completely by Na + removal or by addition of 100 μM bumetanide. Exposure of CP cells to 5 mM BaCl 2 induced rapid swelling that was inhibited by 100 μM bumetanide. We conclude that the CP cotransporter is constitutively active and propose that it functions in series with Ba 2+ -sensitive K + channels to reabsorb K + from cerebrospinal fluid to blood.
Classification of Elastic and Collagen Fibers in H&E Stained Hyperspectral Images (2019)

This study investigates the classification performance of elastic and collagen fibers using H&E stained hyperspectral images. As many as 1200 sample pixels were trained by using Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) methods for reduction and classification. The classification result both using LDA and SVM show that H&E stained hyperspectral images performed better classification than H&E stained RGB image by comparing the classification of EVG stained images visually and quantitatively.
Rescue of CFTR function impaired by mutations in exon 15 (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b>2000 different mutations have been reported in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and occur in all <i>CFTR</i> exons and introns. Some mutations are not amenable to current therapies, and new drugs must be developed. Antisense oligonucleotides (AO) are synthetic nucleic acid analogues whose binding to pre-mRNA modulates exon selection. We hypothesise that skipping in frame <i>CFTR</i> exon 15 in patients with intra-exonic mutations such as p.Phe861Leufsx3 studied here, the induced isoform may retain residual function. <b>Methods:</b> AO sequences were initially optimised using 2’-O-Methyl modified bases on a phosphorothioate backbone (2OMe) and transfected into monolayer primary non-CF and p.Phe861Leufsx3/p.Phe508del CF airway epithelial cells. The most effective 2OMe AO sequence was re-synthesised as the clinically validated phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMO) chemistry. Monolayer transfections were repeated and modification of protein was detected by western blot analysis. Residual CFTR function was measured using Ussing Chamber. <b>Results:</b> The 2OMe sequence produced 50% skipping in p.Phe861Leufsx3/p.Phe508del CF airway epithelial cells The PMO induced skipping of exon 15 from non-CF (49%) and p.Phe861Leufsx3/p.Phe508del CF (88%) cells after 7 days in culture. Western blot was then used to determine the effect on the induced CFTR protein. In addition, airway epithelial cells from children with CF prior to and following AO treatment were mucocillary differentiated at the air-liquid interface for 28 days and CFTR function assessed using Ussing chamber. <b>Conclusion:</b> Exon 15 can be skipped from <i>CFTR</i> in airway epithelial cells. We propose that exon skipping to remove disease-causing mutations in selected in-frame exons can improve CFTR function.
Electron emission from diamond coated silicon field emitters (1994)

Polycrystalline diamond thin films have been formed on single crystal silicon field emitters using bias-enhanced nucleation in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system. A diamond nucleation density greater than 1010/cm2 with small grain sizes (&amp;lt;25 nm) was achieved on the surfaces of silicon emitters with nanometer scale curvature. Field emission from these diamond coated silicon emitters exhibited significant enhancement compared to the pure Si emitters both in total emission current and stability. Using a Fowler–Nordheim analysis a very large effective emitting area of nearly 10−11 cm2 was obtained from the diamond coated Si emitters compared to that of uncoated Si emitters (10−16 cm2). This area was found to be comparable to the entire tip surface area.
Survey and Performance Evaluation of the Upcoming Next Generation WLAN Standard - IEEE 802.11ax (2018)

With the ever-increasing demand for wireless traffic and quality of serives (QoS), wireless local area networks (WLANs) have developed into one of the most dominant wireless networks that fully influence human life. As the most widely used WLANs standard, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 will release the upcoming next generation WLANs standard amendment: IEEE 802.11ax. This article comprehensively surveys and analyzes the application scenarios, technical requirements, standardization process, key technologies, and performance evaluations of IEEE 802.11ax. Starting from the technical objectives and requirements of IEEE 802.11ax, this article pays special attention to high-dense deployment scenarios. After that, the key technologies of IEEE 802.11ax, including the physical layer (PHY) enhancements, multi-user (MU) medium access control (MU-MAC), spatial reuse (SR), and power efficiency are discussed in detail, covering both standardization technologies as well as the latest academic studies. Furthermore, performance requirements of IEEE 802.11ax are evaluated via a newly proposed systems and link-level integrated simulation platform (SLISP). Simulations results confirm that IEEE 802.11ax significantly improves the user experience in high-density deployment, while successfully achieves the average per user throughput requirement in project authorization request (PAR) by four times compared to the legacy IEEE 802.11. Finally, potential advancement beyond IEEE 802.11ax are discussed to complete this holistic study on the latest IEEE 802.11ax. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first study to directly investigate and analyze the latest stable version of IEEE 802.11ax, and the first work to thoroughly and deeply evaluate the compliance of the performance requirements of IEEE 802.11ax.
Diet, physical inactivity and the prevalence of constipation throughout and after pregnancy (2006)

Few studies appear to have investigated the prevalence of constipation for all three trimesters of the gestative period, or indeed after birth. Using a prospective 4- to 7-day weighed food diary, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and 7-day bowel habit diary, dietary factors, physical activity levels and bowel habit parameters were assessed and examined concurrently at weeks 13, 25, 35 of pregnancy and 6 weeks post-partum. Ninety-four primiparous pregnant women were initially recruited, and 72, 59, 62 and 55 completed the first, second, third trimester and post-partum study stages, respectively. Key dietary factors and physical activity levels were compared between the constipated and non-constipated groups from each of the three trimesters and after parturition. Compared with non-constipated mothers-to-be, constipated participants consumed statistically significantly less water in the first trimester (P = 0.04), more food in the second trimester (P = 0.04), and less iron (P = 0.02) and food (P = 0.04) in the third trimester and after birth, respectively. No statistically significant differences were identified between light, moderate and vigorous physical activity levels when groups were compared. This study demonstrates that dietary factors may play a role in terms of preventing, or alleviating, bowel habit perturbations both throughout and after pregnancy. Further research is required to investigate the interrelationship between physical activity and constipation during and after pregnancy.