gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Aluminum Alloy 2050-T84 Microstructure and Mechanical Properties at Ambient and Cryogenic Temperatures (2011)

Aluminum alloy 2050 is being considered for the fabrication of cryogenic propellant tanks to reduce the mass of future heavy-lift launch vehicles. The alloy is available in section thicknesses greater than that of the incumbent aluminum alloy, 2195, which will enable designs with greater structural efficiency. While ambient temperature design allowable properties are available for alloy 2050, cryogenic properties are not available. To determine its suitability for use in cryogenic propellant tanks, tensile, compression and fracture tests were conducted on 4 inch thick 2050-T84 plate at ambient temperature and at -320degF. Various metallurgical analyses were also performed in order to provide an understanding of the compositional homogeneity and microstructure of 2050.
Semantic Enablement in IoT Service Layers—Standard Progress and Challenges (2018)

We believe that applying semantic technologies to IoT service layer platforms can improve data accessibility, data discoverability, and the ability to extract knowledge about the data. Therefore, this article shows how semantic technologies can be leveraged by IoT service layer platforms.
Effect of Electrode Polarity on Internal Defibrillation with Monophasic and Biphasic Waveforms Using an Endocardial Lead System (1997)

For phase durations most commonly used clinically because of their low DFTs, reversing polarity changed defibrillation efficacy for monophasic but not biphasic shocks. For inefficient biphasic waveforms with phase 2 > or = 2 msec longer than phase 1, the DFT was lower when the RV electrode was an anode during phase 2, similar to the polarity difference for monophasic waveforms, suggesting that a long second phase of biphasic waveforms defibrillates in a similar fashion to monophasic waveforms.
The outcome of operatively treated anterior cruciate ligament disruptions in the skeletally immature child (1997)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of transphyseal ligament reconstruction in skeletally immature children with midsubstance anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption. Five consecutive patients (mean age, 12.9 years; range, 8 to 14 years) with radiographically documented "wide" open growth plates and a minimum of 5 cm of expected remaining growth, underwent intra-articular reconstruction of the ACL. Operative treatment included three ACL reconstructions using hamstring tendons and two with quadriceps patellar tendon. All involved a centrally placed 6-mm or smaller tibial drill hole through an open physis and graft placement in an over-the-top position on the femur. At an average follow-up of 7.4 years (range, 4.5 to 9.9 years), no patient had a positive anterior drawer, Lachman, or pivot shift test. On KT-1000 arthrometer testing, all patients had 3 mm or less of increased anterior-posterior displacement (mean +/- SD = 1.0 +/- 1.6 mm). Magnetic resonance imaging showed that four tibial physes had fused in a symmetric fashion and one was still open. Orthoroentgenograms showed that no patient had a significant leg length discrepancy (-0.8 mm +/- 3.4 mm). The mean increase in height postoperatively was 17.7 cm (range, 7.6 to 31.0 cm). Overall, using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation form, there were four patients with grade A and one with grade C. The one patient with a poor IKDC grade had sustained a subsequent patellar dislocation with osteochondral fracture. In conclusion, ACL reconstruction using small drill holes placed through open tibial physes does not seem to adversely affect outcome or future growth.
ACOUSTIC FEATURES FOR MUSIC PIECE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS (2011)

This work illustrates a procedure to assess the overall accuracy associated with Gamma Knife treatment planning using plugging. The main role of source plugging or blocking is to create dose falloff in the junction between a target and a critical structure. We report the use of MAGAT gel dosimeter for verification of an experimental treatment plan based on plugging. The polymer gel contained in a head-sized glass container simulated all major aspects of the treatment process of Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The 3D dose distribution recorded in the gel dosimeter was read using a 1.5T MRI scanner. Scanning protocol was: CPMG pulse sequence with 8 equidistant echoes, TR = 7 s, echo step = 14 ms, pixel size = 0.5mm × 0.5mm, and slice thickness of 2 mm. Using a calibration relationship between absorbed dose and spin-spin relaxation rate (R2), we converted R2 images to dose images. Volumetric dose comparison between treatment planning system (TPS) and gel measurement was accomplished using an in-house MATLAB-based program. The isodose overlay of the measured and computed dose distribution on axial planes was in close agreement. Gamma index analysis of 3D data showed more than 94% voxel pass rate for different tolerance criteria of 3%/2 mm, 3%/1 mm and 2%/2 mm. Film dosimetry with GAFCHROMIC EBT 2 film was also performed to compare the results with the calculated TPS dose. Gamma index analysis of film measurement for the same tolerance criteria used for gel measurement evaluation showed more than 95% voxel pass rate. Verification of gamma plan calculated dose on account of shield is not part of acceptance testing of Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK). Through this study we accomplished a volumetric comparison of dose distributions measured with a polymer gel dosimeter and Leksell GammaPlan (LGP) calculations for plans using plugging. We propose gel dosimeter as a quality assurance (QA) tool for verification of plug-based planning.
Semi-supervised sequence modeling for improved behavioral segmentation (2021)

Abstract A popular approach to quantifying animal behavior from video data is through discrete behavioral segmentation, wherein video frames are labeled as containing one or more behavior classes such as walking or grooming. Sequence models learn to map behavioral features extracted from video frames to discrete behaviors, and both supervised and unsupervised methods are common. However, each approach has its drawbacks: supervised models require a time-consuming annotation step where humans must hand label the desired behaviors; unsupervised models may fail to accurately segment particular behaviors of interest. We introduce a semi-supervised approach that addresses these challenges by constructing a sequence model loss function with (1) a standard supervised loss that classifies a sparse set of hand labels; (2) a weakly supervised loss that classifies a set of easy-to-compute heuristic labels; and (3) a self-supervised loss that predicts the evolution of the behavioral features. With this approach, we show that a large number of unlabeled frames can improve supervised segmentation in the regime of sparse hand labels and also show that a small number of hand labeled frames can increase the precision of unsupervised segmentation.
The Invention of CMOS Image Sensors: A Camera in Every Pocket (2020)

As of 2020, CMOS image sensors are expected to enable the production of about 200 cameras every second around the world, or over 6 billion per year. In this talk, the story of how we got here is briefly presented, from CCDs, to the invention of the CMOS image sensor at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1990s, to the present.
Extraordinary midinfrared transmission of rectangular coaxial nanoaperture arrays (2008)

We analyze the extraordinary transmission effect in the periodic and random nanoaperture arrays in optically thick metal films. Experimental studies are combined with simulations to show that extraordinary transmission effect at midinfrared wavelengths is enhanced when the decaying waveguide mode of a single nanoaperture couples through the collective surface plasmon excitations created through periodicity. Transmission characteristics of the individual nanoapertures are investigated by randomizing the apertures. By comparing rectangular to coaxial rectangular nanoapertures, both of which support TE01-like decaying waveguide modes, we study the effect of nanoaperture geometry on the efficiency of the transmission.
A first experience of transduction for differentiated HepaRG cells using lentiviral technology (2019)

Currently, there is a lack of systems for studying the role of hepatitis B viral proteins, such as HBeAg and HBcAg, on liver injury. It is necessary to develop an original tool in order to clarify the role of these viral proteins in hepatic stellate cell activation, and to understand the molecular mechanisms of liver injury. HepaRG are the most reliable hepatocyte-like cells for studying liver functions or disorders. In this paper, we demonstrate that the transduction of differentiated HepaRG (dHepaRG) cells can be performed successfully using lentiviral particles. The production of a functional Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) assessed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting and fluorescence microscopy is up to 16% of GFP positive cells using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2.4. We demonstrate that this technology can allow the stable expression of GFP during the long lifecycle of the cell (up to four weeks after the cell's passage). With this innovative tool, we aim to express viral proteins such as HBeAg or HBcAg in dHepaRG cells. The preliminary results of this work shows that HBeAg can be efficiently produced in dHepaRG cells and that increased MOI allows a better production of this protein. Our future objective will be to study the role of HBc and HBe proteins on the induction of hepatic fibrosis.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-5, Table Legends 1-4 from Genome-wide DNA Methylation Events in <i>TMPRSS2–ERG</i> Fusion-Negative Prostate Cancers Implicate an EZH2-Dependent Mechanism with <i>miR-26a</i> Hypermethylation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 64K&lt;/p&gt;
Ribosome display and selection of human anti-CD22 scFvs derived from an acute lymphocytic leukemia patient (2008)

Novel in vitro methods for the display of antibody libraries against disease-related antigens have led to the development of powerful protein-based biotherapeutics. Eukaryotic ternary ribosome complexes can be used to display human single chain antibodies (scFvs) to isolate specific binding reagents to these antigens. Here, we present the isolation of human scFv against the immunotherapeutic target antigen CD22 from a patient-derived human scFv library using ribosome display technology. The ribosome complexes were enriched against the extra-cellular domain of human CD22 conjugated to magnetic beads. Isolated constructs were further affinity-matured and specific binding activity was demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance and validated using in vitro cell assays. The isolated human anti-CD22 scFvs can provide a basis for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies in CD22-expressing malignant diseases.
Gene Delivery of IL-1Ra and Soluble TNF Receptor Confers a Distal Synergistic Therapeutic Effect in Antigen-Induced Arthritis (2002)

Intra-articular expression of antagonists of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in arthritic rabbit knee and mouse ankle joints by direct adenoviral-mediated intraarticular delivery results in amelioration of disease pathology in both the treated and contralateral untreated joints. Previous experiments suggest that direct adenoviral infection of resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and subsequent traveling of these cells to other sites of inflammation and lymph nodes might be responsible for this “contralateral effect.” To determine whether genetic modification of APCs is required for the contralateral effect, we have used an ex vivo approach utilizing genetically modified fibroblasts to express IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) and soluble TNF-α receptor (sTNFR) locally in arthritic joints. Retroviral vectors carrying IL-1Ra, sTNFR-Ig, or both genes together were used to stably infect autologous rabbit fibroblasts that were then injected intra-articularly into arthritic rabbit knee joints. The intra-articular delivery of either IL-1Ra- or sTNFR-Ig-expressing fibroblasts was antiinflammatory and chondro-protective in both the injected and noninjected contralateral joints. In addition, we demonstrate that the co-delivery of both antagonists in combination results in a synergistic effect in disease amelioration in both the treated and nontreated joints. These ex vivo results suggest that trafficking of vector-modified inflammatory cells is not the main mechanism responsible for the observed distal spread of the therapeutic effect. Moreover, the results demonstrate that local, ex vivo gene therapy for arthritis could be effective in blocking pathologies within untreated, distant arthritic joints.
Control of Selectable One-Way Clutch in GM Six-Speed Automatic Transmissions (2009)

Automatic transmissions use one-way clutches and regular clutches to control gear shifts. Regular one-way clutch locks in one direction and free spins (freewheeling) in the other direction and thus provides good shift quality. However, a clutch is needed if the freewheeling direction needs to be locked. The advantage of a selectable one-way clutch (SOWC) is that it can be designed to act like a regular one-way clutch, fully freewheels or locks in both directions. In the GM six-speed transmissions, there is one one-way clutch which is accompanied by a clutch CB1R to control between 1st gear and reverse direction. The study is to replace the one-way clutch and CB1R clutch with simply one selectable one-way clutch in GM 6-speed transmissions (1). This will eliminate one transmission clutch, reduce weight and cost, and improve transmission efficiency. The proposed design of transmission is applied to a GM SUV and a GM passenger vehicle. Different from a regular clutch, which can be applied with force/pressure from high slippage to lock-up between two elements, a selectable one-way clutch can only be applied to a lock-up position when the slippage between two elements is near zero speed. Also, an SOWC can only be released when there is no torque or force carried by the clutch while a regular clutch can be easily released by dropping the applied force/pressure. These requirements impose challenges of the control strategies of the SOWC, especially during the scenarios such as 2–1 engine idle downshift (engine braking) and 1–2 upshift (coasting). This paper reviews hardware design, vehicle implementation, and focuses on control of the selectable one-way clutch. Vehicle results demonstrate static and rolling garage shifts, 1–2 upshifts, 2–1 and coast downshifts. Also demonstrated is the successful application of engaging 1st gear engine braking with the SOWC. This control involves coordination between the engine speed and SOWC slip speed, and the apply/release of the device.
Study of the Flow Over Wind Turbine Blade (2010)

Recently there has been an increase in the demand for the utilization of clean renewable energy sources. This is a direct result of the volatility in oil prices and an increased awareness of human induced climate change. Wind energy has been shown to be one of the most promising sources of renewable energy. With current technology, the low cost of wind energy is competitive with more conventional sources of energy such as coal. Most blades available for commercial grade wind turbines incorporate a straight span-wise profile and airfoil shaped cross sections. These blades are found to be very efficient at lower wind speeds in comparison to the potential energy that can be extracted. However as the oncoming wind speed increases the efficiency of the blades decreases as they approach a stall point. This paper explores the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the blades at higher wind speeds while maintaining efficiency at the lower wind speeds. The design intends to maintain efficiency at lower wind speeds by selecting the appropriate orientation and size of the airfoil cross sections based on a low oncoming wind speed and given constant rotation rate. The blades will be made more efficient at higher wind speeds by implementing a swept blade profile. The torque generated from a blade using only the first optimization technique is compared to that generated from a blade using both techniques as well as that generated by NTK500/41 turbine using LM19.1 blades. Performance will be investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Towers of generalized divisible quantum codes (2018)

A divisible binary classical code is one in which every code word has weight divisible by a fixed integer. If the divisor is ${2}^{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ for a positive integer $\ensuremath{\nu}$, then one can construct a Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) code, where $X$-stabilizer space is the divisible classical code, that admits a transversal gate in the $\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{th}$ level of Clifford hierarchy. We consider a generalization of the divisibility by allowing a coefficient vector of odd integers with which every code word has zero dot product modulo the divisor. In this generalized sense, we construct a CSS code with divisor ${2}^{\ensuremath{\nu}+1}$ and code distance $d$ from any CSS code of code distance $d$ and divisor ${2}^{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ where the transversal $X$ is a nontrivial logical operator. The encoding rate of the new code is approximately $d$ times smaller than that of the old code. In particular, for large $d$ and $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\ge}2$, our construction yields a CSS code of parameters $[[O({d}^{\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{-}1}),\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}(d),d]]$ admitting a transversal gate at the $\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{th}$ level of Clifford hierarchy. For our construction we introduce a conversion from magic state distillation protocols based on Clifford measurements to those based on codes with transversal $T$ gates. Our tower contains, as a subclass, generalized triply even CSS codes that have appeared in so-called gauge fixing or code switching methods.
Crystallographic assessment of absolute configuration in 2'-deoxyadenosine cyclic 3',5'-(Rp)-phosphoranilidate. Direct phosphorus-31-nitrogen-15 spin-spin coupling as a probe for configurational assessment (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystallographic assessment of absolute configuration in 2'-deoxyadenosine cyclic 3',5'-(Rp)-phosphoranilidate. Direct phosphorus-31-nitrogen-15 spin-spin coupling as a probe for configurational assessmentZbigniew J. Lesnikowski, Wojciech J. Stec, Wojciech S. Zielinski, Dorota Adamiak, and Wolfram SaengerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 10, 2862–2863Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00400a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00400a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced cough reflex in a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in guinea pigs (2015)

Fibrotic lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, are associated with spontaneous dry cough and hypersensitivity to tussive agents. Understanding the pathophysiology driving enhanced cough may help us to define better therapies for patients. We hypothesized that lung fibrosis induced by intratracheal bleomycin would exacerbate the cough reflex induced by tussive agents in guinea pigs. Disease progression in the lungs was characterized at days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after bleomycin administration. Inflammatory and fibrotic markers, as well as neurotrophin levels, were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and/or lung tissue. Cough sensitivity to citric acid, capsaicin and allylisothiocyanate was evaluated in conscious animals at days 14 and 21 after bleomycin administration. Pulmonary lesions evolved from an early inflammatory phase (from day 1 to day 7) to a fibrotic stage (between days 14 and 28). Fibrosis was related to increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (day 21: saline, 0.26 ng/ml; bleomycin, 0.49 ng/ml). At day 14, we also observed increased cough reflexes to citric acid (163%), capsaicin (125%) and allylisothiocyanate (178%). Cough exacerbation persisted, but at a lower extent, by day 21 for capsaicin (100%) and allylisothiocyanate (54%). Moreover, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, suggested to induce nerve remodelling in chronic cough, were also enhanced (day 1: saline, 14.21 pg/ml; bleomycin, 30.09 pg/ml). In summary, our model of bleomycin-induced cough exacerbation may be a valuable tool to investigate cough hypersensitivity and develop antitussive therapies for fibrotic lung diseases.
Quantum Communication Using Time-energy Entangled Photons (2014)

Single-photon high-dimensional quantum communication boosts photon efficiency and throughput. We report two time-energy-entanglement based quantum key distribution experiments — one using dispersive optics, the other Franson interferometry — with proven security against collective attacks.
B20-MnSi films grown on Si(100) substrates with magnetic skyrmion signature (2021)

Magnetic skyrmions have been suggested as information carriers for future spintronic devices. As the first material with experimentally confirmed skyrmions, B20-type MnSi was the research focus for decades. Although B20-MnSi films have been successfully grown on Si(111) substrates, there is no report about B20-MnSi films on Si(100) substrates, which would be more preferred for practical applications. In this letter, we present the first preparation of B20-MnSi on Si(100) substrates. It is realized by sub-second solid-state reaction between Mn and Si via flash-lamp annealing at ambient pressure. The regrown layer shows an enhanced Curie temperature of 43 K compared with bulk B20-MnSi. The magnetic skyrmion signature is proved in our films by magnetic and transport measurements. The millisecond-range flash annealing provides a promising avenue for the fabrication of Si-based skyrmionic devices.
Zwitterionic iodonium species afford halogen bond-based porous organic frameworks (2022)

Porous architectures characterized by parallel channels arranged in honeycomb or rectangular patterns are identified in two polymorphic crystals of a zwitterionic 4-(aryliodonio)-benzenesulfonate. The channels are filled with disordered water molecules which can be reversibly removed on heating. Consistent with the remarkable strength and directionality of the halogen bonds (XBs) driving the crystal packing formation, the porous structure is stable and fully preserved on almost quantitative removal and readsorption of water. The porous systems described here are the first reported cases of one-component 3D organic frameworks whose assembly is driven by XB only (XOFs). These systems are a proof of concept for the ability of zwitterionic aryliodonium tectons in affording robust one-component 3D XOFs. The high directionality and strength of the XBs formed by these zwitterions and the geometrical constraints resulting from the tendency of their hypervalent iodine atoms to act as bidentate XB donors might be key factors in determining this ability.