gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crazing Mechanism and Physical Aging of Poly(lactide) Toughened with Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(butylene oxide) Diblock Copolymers (2020)

Sustainable polymers are important alternatives to plastics and elastomers derived from petroleum resources. Poly(lactide) (PLA), a commercially available sustainable plastic, is a well-known success story. However, PLA lacks ductility and toughness, limiting the number of potential uses. In this study, small amounts of a liquid poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(butylene oxide) (PEO-PBO) diblock copolymer additive were blended with PLA to enhance its toughness and ductility. The incorporated PEO-PBO diblock copolymers generated a macrophase-separated morphology with particle diameters of 0.2–0.9 μm, and nearly matched refractive indices of PLA and PEO-PBO led to retention of optical transparency. Addition of just 1.8 wt % PEO-PBO into PLA led to a 20-fold increase in toughness, measured as the area under the stress–strain data in tension without affecting the bulk elastic modulus of the plastic. The micromechanical deformation process of the PEO-PBO/PLA blend was investigated via in situ small angle X-ray scattering during tensile testing. The total volume of the crazed material was proportional to the total surface area of the dispersed PEO-PBO particles, and both quantities increased with increasing PEO-PBO loading. Increasing the PEO-PBO loading also resulted in (A) an increase in particle size, causing a decrease in the craze initiation stress, and (B) an increase in fibril spacing, indicating a lower craze propagation stress. Furthermore, craze development was found to be independent of aging time. As a result, the PEO-PBO/PLA blend was able to remain ductile and tough for up to 114 days, exhibiting a 10-fold increase in elongation at break and toughness compared to neat PLA, which becomes brittle in less than 2 days. These results demonstrate that designing additives that promote deformation by crazing is an effective way to overcome the aging-induced embrittlement of glassy polymers.
Recovery of Poly Sulfide Anions in Basic Solution Produced by the Decomposition of H2S by Fullerene (2011)

Abstract To remove poly sulfide anions from basic solution, a fullerene/toluene solution was mixed with an aqueous solution containing S2 2- ions and agitated until the color of the aqueous phase changed from yellow to transparent. The treatment was repeated several times. During each treatment, white precipitates were produced in the aqueous phase and black crystals were formed after 4th treatment. XRD results indicated that former was elemental sulfur and the latter, fullerene-sulfur compounds. Thus, we succeed in extracting and separating poly sulfide ion from aqueous solution. By the fifth treatment, c.a. 675 S2 2- ions per one fullerene were successfully collected from the aqueous solution. This reaction can be applied to recovery of other anion species in basic solution. Keywords: Fullerenepoly sulfide ionliquid-liquid interfacerecovery of anion Acknowledgment This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research (20656146) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
Efficient cooperative transmission for wireless 3D HD video transmission in 60GHz channel (2010)

In this paper we propose an efficient cooperation scheme to increase transmission throughput in a 60 GHz 3D HD (high definition) video transmission system. A 3D HD video transmission system usually requires high transmission throughput with low power consumption. The proposed cooperation scheme achieves high transmission speed by reducing the data size using a relay and low transmission power by using path diversity. The efficiency of the scheme is demonstrated both analytically and by Monte-Carlo simulations in environments varying the number of relays. The proposed scheme has increased costs in terms of computational complexity at the relay and the destination.
Alterations of Brain Cholecystokinin Receptors in Mice Made Obese with Goldthioglucose (1982)

Abstract: We investigated the binding of cholecystokinin (CCK) to its receptors in brains of mice made obese by the injection of goldthioglucose. In these mice there was a significant increase in the number of binding sites in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and olfactory lobes in comparison with either unin‐jected mice or injected mice that did not become obese. The present study demonstrates, therefore, that obesity in mice is associated with changes in brain CCK receptors, and raises the possibility that obesity in certain animals may be related to abnormalities in the binding of CCK to its receptors.
A Tapping-Mode Tuning Fork with a Short Fibre Probe Sensor for a Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope (2002)

We report on a tapping-mode tuning fork with a short fibre probe sensor for a near-field scanning optical microscope. The method demonstrates how to fabricate the short fibre probe. This tapping-mode tuning fork with a short fibre probe can provide stable and high Q at the tapping frequency of the tuning fork, and can give high-quality near-field scanning optical microscope and atomic force microscope images of samples. We present the results of using the tapping-mode tuning fork with a short fibre probe sensor for a near-field scanning optical microscope performed on an eight-channel silica waveguide.
Efficacy of subcutaneous interferon -1a on MRI outcomes in a randomised controlled trial of patients with clinically isolated syndromes (2013)

clinicaltrial.gov identifier, NCT00404352.
Supplementary Table 1, Figures 1 and 2 from MicroRNA Polymorphisms and Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Sources of genetic variants on the Axiom® miRNA Target Site Genotyping Array. Supplementary Figure 1. Quality control and filtering pipeline for Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer (MECC) samples genotyped on the Affymetrix Axiom® miRNA Target Site Genotyping Array. PC = principal component. MAF = minor allele frequency. Supplementary Figure 2. INSR gene expression [log2(normalized intensity)] in 135 MECC CRC cases by rs1051690 genotype. ANOVA F-statistic = 21.3 and p-value = 8.98x10-6. Probe = 206295_at F = 21.3; p = 9.0 x 10&lt;/p&gt;
157-nm Single-Layer Resists Based on Main-Chain-Fluorinated Polymers (2003)

Fluoropolymers are key materials for the single-layer resists used in 157-nm lithography. We have been studying fluoropolymers to determine their potential for use as the base resins of 157-nm photoresists, and have developed a monocyclic fluorinated polymer with a protecting group of bicyclohexylyloxymethyl (BCHYOM) that has high transmittance (an absorption coefficient of 0.64 µm-1) at a 157-nm exposure wavelength and high dry-etching resistance (a dry-etching rate ratio to that of the KrF resist of 1.75) under organic bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) / hard mask (HM) dry-etching conditions. Moreover, this polymer has a higher dissolution rate contrast than the polymers with other protecting groups that we evaluated. After exposure using a 157-nm laser microstepper (numerical aperture = 0.85) and our monocyclic-fluoropolymer-based resist with a protecting group of BCHYOM, a 65-nm line-and-space pattern was obtained when using a 150 nm film thickness. We found that this polymer simultaneously enables high transparency, high dry-etching resistance, and good imaging performance.
First Application of Just-In-Time Perforating in a Horizontal Well (2012)

abstract Just-In-Time-Perforating (JITP) was developed by ExxonMobil over a decade ago to improve multi-zone stimulation in vertical and S-shaped wells in the Piceance basin, Colorado. With this technology, multiple single-zone fracture stimulations are performed on a single wireline run using ball sealers and perforating guns that remain downhole during the fracturing treatment. This results in substantial cost reduction and productivity uplift because perforation intervals are individually and effectively treated one at a time with less horse power, smaller number of frac plugs, and fewer wireline runs. The method has been successfully implemented by ExxonMobil in more than 350 wells and over 10,000 treatments and is licensed to a number of service companies. There is substantial business incentive to implement the JITP technique in horizontal wells, extensively used in unconventional gas developments. With XTO Energy joining ExxonMobil, the global gas portfolio incremented by 45 trillion cubic feet. This includes conventional gas, shale gas as well as other unconventional resources, such as tight gas, coal bed methane, and shale oil. This paper presents the first application of JITP in horizontal wells. Operations were conducted in the Fayetteville Shale, Arkansas. The paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of the method as well as lessons learned from pre-field trials and full-well implementations. Critical to the success of the initial technology application was the enforcement of a structured approach which included technical feasibility studies, contractor qualification, pre-field trials, well candidate selection, and a deployment plan to capture learnings and best practices. Pre-field trials were executed in several wells to test potential technical/operational concerns, such as sand build-up around perforating guns, fluid diversion with buoyant and non-buoyant ball sealers, and the ability to move guns through the lateral. Preliminary field costs and production performance in horizontal wells are promising and support continued deployment of the technology.
<title>Zak-Gabor representation of images</title> (1990)

A mathematical approach to image analysis and synthesis in the combined frequency- position space is presented. The formalism is based on the Weil map - Zak transform, which provides one of the most fundamental tools for studies of nonstationary processes and images as such. Algorithms suitable for computation of Gabor expansion coefficients are presented.
Platinum Supported on Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEM/AEM Hybrid Fuel Cells (2017)

Platinum supported on oxygen and nitrogen functionalized carbon nanotubes are evaluated and compared to the commercially available platinum catalysts (Pt/C) in hybrid PEM/AEM H2/O2 and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The functionalized carbon nanotubes are synthesized by the sonichemical method. The existence of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups on the nanotubes is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The size of the platinum structures on the functionalized carbon nanotubes is measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the crystallographic properties are evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance of the catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in each hybrid fuel cell is found to be dependent on the type of the functional groups on the carbon nanotubes. The platinum supported on both nitrogen and oxygen functionalized carbon nanotubes(Pt/CNTON) and on oxygen functionalized carbon nanotubes (Pt/CNTOX) are more effective in hybrid H2/O2 fuel cells compared to the Pt/C. However, the Pt/CNTON is not stable in hybrid DMFCs while Pt/CNTOX exhibited the best performance. The result suggests that CNTON may facilitate undesired methanol crossover reactions.
The Freshman Engineering Experience At West Virginia University (2024)

The freshman year of most engineering programs is confounded with mathematics and chemistry courses.The students are rarely in contact with actual engineering situations.Therefore, students in the College of Engineering do not develop an understanding of the engineering profession during their freshman year.Since most students entering the university have unsophisticated backgrounds, it is felt that introducing rigorous design projects at this early stage in their careers is not effective.Many freshman engineering programs consist of a one hour course where the student gets only a superficial exposure to the various engineering disciplines taught at that university.At West Virginia University, our freshman students are required to complete two, three-hour freshman engineering design courses which are modeled after the traditional Guided Design concept developed by Dr. Charles Wales 1,2 .The primary focus of the courses is on the engineering problem solving method with added emphasis on computer software usage and computer language programming.Freshman engineering courses can serve a multitude of important functions including the development of good study skills and academic survival strategies, orientation to the engineering disciplines, and the development of team working skills.The primary goals of freshman courses at West Virginia University are to develop problem solving and decision making skills and to develop skills in oral, written and mathematical communication.The Freshman Engineering Program recently implemented a number of changes both in and out of the classroom.A Live and Learn Program was developed in which students live on the same floor of the residence hall and attend classes together.Based on the success of this program, it has been expanded into a university wide program.Social events and seminar presentations are organized to enhance the students contact with the College of Engineering and to introduce students to the engineering disciplines.Preliminary evaluations indicate an increase in retention of students within the engineering programs from 66% to 75% 3 .
Fibonacci Exposure Bracketing for High Dynamic Range Imaging (2013)

Exposure bracketing for high dynamic range (HDR) imaging involves capturing several images of the scene at different exposures. If either the camera or the scene moves during capture, the captured images must be registered. Large exposure differences between bracketed images lead to inaccurate registration, resulting in artifacts such as ghosting (multiple copies of scene objects) and blur. We present two techniques, one for image capture (Fibonacci exposure bracketing) and one for image registration (generalized registration), to prevent such motion-related artifacts. Fibonacci bracketing involves capturing a sequence of images such that each exposure time is the sum of the previous N(N > 1) exposures. Generalized registration involves estimating motion between sums of contiguous sets of frames, instead of between individual frames. Together, the two techniques ensure that motion is always estimated between frames of the same total exposure time. This results in HDR images and videos which have both a large dynamic range and minimal motion-related artifacts. We show, by results for several real-world indoor and outdoor scenes, that the proposed approach significantly outperforms several existing bracketing schemes.
Cavités de Pérot-Fabry empilées pour antennes spatiales miltifaisceaux (2011)

National audience
Effects of Simvastatin on Retinal Structure and Function of a High-Fat Atherogenic Mouse Model of Thickened Bruch's Membrane (2014)

Chronic administration of simvastatin significantly improves the ultrastructure and function of the RPE, BM, and photoreceptor in a high-fat atherogenic mouse model of thickened BM.
Single-Photon-Sensitive Solid-State Image Sensors for Flash Lidar (2016)

MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed lidar systems based on Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes using both silicon and InGaAs. This technology has enabled terrain mapping and foliage penetration systems with exquisite sensitivity and high area coverage rate.
An innovative and low cost Bi-layer method for temporary bonding (2013)

The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the compatibility of Dow Corning's temporary bonding solution with EVG's 850XT universal temporary bonding and debonding platform. The proposed process made use of well-known processing steps and processing modules like spin coating. The process consisted of a release layer (Dow Corning® WL-3001 Bonding Release) and an adhesive layer (Dow Corning® WL-4050 or WL-4030 Bonding Adhesive) using an EVG® 850TB - 300 mm XT frame. Both layers of material were applied by spin coating on the device wafer side. In the frame of this study, silicon carriers were used. Bonding was performed under vacuum at room temperature. A post bonding bake step was applied using a hotplate. After subsequent backside processing steps, the room temperature debonding was performed.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Aminopyrazoles as Dienophiles in the Inverse Electron Demand Diels‐ Alder Reactions of 2,4,6‐Tris(ethoxycarbonyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine: Syntheses of Pyrazolopyrimidines. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Local failure after definitive radiation treatment of lymph-node positive prostate cancer: supporting the use of novel imaging techniques to personalize treatment options (2020)

Patients with lymph-node positive prostate cancer are often treated with external beam radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy<sup>1</sup>, but are expected to have a high rate of biochemical failure. Recently, MRI and molecular imaging have afforded the opportunity to elucidate otherwise occult sites of recurrence after conventional imaging. We present an unusual case of local failure within the prostate after definitive radiation treatment of lymph-node positive prostate cancer, in which advanced imaging allowed for a potentially curative salvage treatment option.
Device structure for electronic transport through individual molecules using nanoelectrodes (2005)

We present a simple and reliable method for making electrical contacts to small organic molecules with thiol endgroups. Nanometer-scale gaps between metallic electrodes have been fabricated by passing a large current through a lithographically-patterned Au-line with appropriate thickness. Under appropriate conditions, the passage of current breaks the Au-line, creating two opposite facing electrodes separated by a gap comparable to the length of small organic molecules. Current-voltage characteristics have been measured both before and after deposition of short organic molecules. The resistance of single 1,4-benzenedithiol and 1,4-bezenedimethanedithiol molecules were found to be 9MΩ and 26MΩ, respectively. The experimental results indicate strong electronic coupling to the contacts and are discussed using a relatively simple model of mesoscopic transport. The use of electrodes formed on an insulating surface by lithography and electromigration provides a stable structure suitable for integrated circuit applications.
The Age of Incorrect Information: an Enabler of Semantics-Empowered Communication (2020)

In this paper, we introduce the Age of Incorrect Information (AoII) as an enabler for semantics-empowered communication, a newly advocated communication paradigm centered around data's role and its usefulness to the communication's goal. First, we shed light on how the traditional communication paradigm, with its role-blind approach to data, is vulnerable to performance bottlenecks. Next, we highlight the shortcomings of several proposed performance measures destined to deal with the traditional communication paradigm's limitations, namely the Age of Information (AoI) and the error-based metrics. We also show how the AoII addresses these shortcomings and captures more meaningfully the purpose of data. Afterward, we consider the problem of minimizing the average AoII in a transmitter-receiver pair scenario. We prove that the optimal transmission strategy is a randomized threshold policy, and we propose an algorithm that finds the optimal parameters. Furthermore, we provide a theoretical comparison between the AoII framework and the standard error-based metrics counterpart. Interestingly, we show that the AoII-optimal policy is also error-optimal for the adopted information source model. Concurrently, the converse is not necessarily true. Finally, we implement our policy in various applications, and we showcase its performance advantages compared to both the error-optimal and the AoI-optimal policies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Carbazole Core‐based Small Molecular‐Hole‐transporting Materials for Red Phosphorescent OLEDs (2016)

A series of carbazole core‐based hole‐transporting materials ( HTMs ) have been synthesized using Buchwald–Hartwig amination reaction. HTMs 7a and 7b exhibited high thermal decomposition temperatures of 400 and 380°C, respectively, without any crystalline features. Among the designed HTMs 7a–c , the device performance based on HTM 7a is the best and identical with that of the typical hole‐transporting N , N ′‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐ N , N ′‐diphenyl‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4,4′‐diamine ( NPB ) material.
Hydrothermal microwave‐assisted synthesis of LaFeO 3 catalyst for N 2 O decomposition (2020)

Abstract Lanthanum orthoferrite powders were synthesized via one‐step hydrothermal reactions under mild conditions using microwave and conventional heating. The use of microwave irradiation during the synthesis allows one to obtain nanocrystalline LaFeO 3 with a higher yield and reduced crystallite and particle size within a 16 times shorter duration (3 hours) at a lower temperature of 220°C as compared to the conventional heating. The catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide was performed over both samples, it was shown that the sample obtained under microwave conditions demonstrates enhanced activity as a catalyst: N 2 O decomposes completely at 700°C over the catalyst formed at microwave conditions, while the comparative catalyst prepared by conventional heating reaches a lower conversion of only 60% at the same temperature and catalytic reaction conditions.
Development and characterization of new 157-nm photoresists based on advanced fluorinated polymers (2003)

Fluorinated polymers show a good transparency at the 157-nm exposure wavelength for single-layer resists. We have developed fluorinated resist polymers for 157-nm lithography. These polymers are main-chain fluorinated polymers synthesized by the co-polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and polymers such as poly(TFE/norbornene/&alpha;-fluoroolefin) fluoropolymers (FP1). In this paper, a number of polymerization initiators were evaluated in the polymerization of PF1-type polymers in order to investigate the effect of polymer end groups on optical and dissolution properties. We found that the polymer end group greatly affects the dissolution properties of these polymers when using a standard 0.26N tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous developer solution. These end groups also affect the polymer transparencies at 157-nm, and the resulting lithographic performance. The fluorocarbon initiator named “F2” induced the lowered absorbance (<sup>~</sup>0.4&mu;m<sup>-1</sup>) and an increase in the dissolution rate (<sup>~</sup>300 nm/sec) without noticeable amounts of swelling. These polymer-based resists can achieve a resolution of less than 60-nm using a 157-nm laser microstepper (NA=0.85) with a Levenson-type strong phase shifting mask.