gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advantages of the Blue InGaN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes with an AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN Quantum Well Structured Electron Blocking Layer (2014)

InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with p-(AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN) quantum well structured electron blocking layer (QWEBL) are designed and grown by a metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. The proposed QWEBL LED structure, in which a p-GaN QW layer is inserted in the p-AlGaN electron blocking layer, not only leads to an improved hole injection but also reduces the electron leakage, thus enhancing the radiative recombination rates across the active region. Consequently, the light output power was enhanced by 10% for the QWEBL LED at a current density of 35 A/cm2. The efficiency droop of the optimized device was reduced to 16%. This is much smaller than that of the conventional p-AlGaN electron blocking layer LED, which is 31%.
BIER-TE extensions for Packet Replication and Elimination Function (PREF) and OAM (2018)

This specification extends Bit Index Explicit Replication - Traffic
Engineering (BIER-TE) forwarding to support in the data plane the
DetNet Packet Replication and Elimination Functions (PREF). It also
provides traceability of links/adjacencies where replication and loss
happen, in a manner that is agnostic to the forwarding information
(OAM).
Quantum dot micro-lasers integrated with photodetectors and optical amplifiers on (001) Si via waveguide coupling (2018)

We demonstrate the first integrated electrically pumped quantum dot micro-ring lasers epitaxially grown on (001) silicon. On-chip photodetection under continuous-wave excitation was achieved with a low threshold current of 3 mA.
Improvement of the Transient Response of the Automatic Transmission of a Car by H^|^infin; Control (1999)

In recent years, various electronic control devices have been used in order to improve the performance of cars. One purpose is to make the driving comfortable. In automatic transmission cars, torque fluctuation occurs due to gear shifting, this worsens the drivability. In this research, we try to reduce the fluctuation of output torque of transmission via feedback control. H∞ control theory is used in the design of control system. The effectiveness of the designed control system is verified by experiment.
Gate Bias Stress Instability and Hysteresis Characteristics of InAs Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors (2020)

Because of the excellent electrical properties, III-V semiconductor nanowires are promising building blocks for next-generation electronics; however, their rich surface states inevitably contribute large amounts of charge traps, leading to gate bias stress instability and hysteresis characteristics in nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs). Here, we investigated thoroughly the gate bias stress and hysteresis effects in InAs nanowire FETs. It is observed that the output current decreases together with the threshold voltage shifting to the positive direction when a positive gate bias stress is applied, and vice versa for the negative gate bias stress. For double-sweep transfer characteristics, the significant hysteresis behavior is observed, depending heavily on the sweeping rate and range. On the basis of complementary investigations of these devices, charge traps are confirmed to be the dominant factor for these instability effects. Importantly, the hysteresis can be simulated well by utilizing a combination of the rate equation for electron density and the empirical model for electron mobility. This provides an accurate evaluation of carrier mobility, which is in distinct contrast to the overestimation of mobility when using the transconductance for calculation. All these findings are important for understanding the charge trap dynamics to further enhance the device performance of nanowire FETs.
Strain‐induced crystallization and mechanical properties of functionalized graphene sheet‐filled natural rubber (2012)

Abstract The effects of functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) on the mechanical properties and strain‐induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR) are investigated. FGSs are predominantly single sheets of graphene with a lateral size of several hundreds of nanometers and a thickness of 1.5 nm. The effect of FGS and that of carbon black (CB) on the strain‐induced crystallization of NR is compared by coupled tensile tests and X‐ray diffraction experiments. Synchrotron X‐ray scattering enables simultaneous measurements of stress and crystallization of NR in real time during sample stretching. The onset of crystallization occurs at significantly lower strains for FGS‐filled NR samples compared with CB‐filled NR, even at low loadings. Neat‐NR exhibits strain‐induced crystallization around a strain of 2.25, while incorporation of 1 and 4 wt % FGS shifts the crystallization to strains of 1.25 and 0.75, respectively. In contrast, loadings of 16 wt % CB do not significantly shift the critical strain for crystallization. Two‐dimensional (2D) wide angle X‐ray scattering patterns show minor polymer chain alignment during stretching, in accord with previous results for NR. Small angle X‐ray scattering shows that FGS is aligned in the stretching direction, whereas CB does not show alignment or anisotropy. The mechanical properties of filled NR samples are investigated using cyclic tensile and dynamic mechanical measurements above and below the glass transition of NR. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Preparation of silicone-graft copolymers by homogeneous radical copolymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (2000)

Copolymerizations of 1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate (FOMA; M1) and methacryloxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane [M-PDMS (Mn = 5.9 K); M2] and homopolymerization of M-PDMS in supercritical CO2 are described. The homopolymerization of M-PDMS proceeded homogeneously without difficulty to produce oligomers (Mn = 30 K). The copolymerizations of FOMA and M-PDMS also proceeded homogeneously over a wide monomer feed ratio. The ratio of M-PDMS incorporated into the copolymer obtained was almost equal to the monomer feed ratio even up to the high conversion. The reactivity ratio r1 was determined to be 1.66. DSC examination of the copolymers indicated a microphase-separated morphology consisting of poly-FOMA (PFOMA) and PDMS domains for all copolymer compositions. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1139–1145, 2000
Poly(Ethylene Glycol)‐Supported Proline: A Versatile Catalyst for the Enantioselective Aldol and Iminoaldol Reactions. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Method of Light Weighting Aluminium Using Magnesium Syntactic Composite Core (2020)

In this study, hybrid composite consisting of aluminium (Al) shell and magnesium/glass microballoon (Mg-20 wt.% GMB) syntactic composite core was fabricated in a shell-core pattern by combining powder metallurgy and disintegrated melt deposition (DMD) techniques. Physical, microstructural and mechanical properties of as-cast Al and Al/Mg-20GMB hybrid composite were examined. Approximately 13% reduction in density (with respect to aluminium) was realized through the use of a syntactic composite core. Microstructural investigations revealed reasonable interfacial integrity between aluminium shell and Mg-GMB core material and the presence of Al, Mg and GMB phases. The interface region showed a hardness of 109 ± 2 Hv in comparison to the hardness of Al shell region (68 ± 4 Hv) and Mg-20GMB core region (174 ± 5 Hv). In comparison to as-cast Al, the yield strength and ultimate compressive strength of the as-cast Al/Mg-20GMB hybrid composite increased by ~65.4% and ~60%, respectively. Further, the energy absorption under compressive loading for the Al/Mg-20GMB hybrid composite was ~26% higher compared to pure Al. This study validated that Al/Mg-20GMB hybrid composite with superior absolute and specific mechanical properties can be fabricated and used for weight critical applications.
Electronic and steric effects in pentacoordinate anionic diorganotrifluorosilicates: x-ray structures and carbon-13 NMR studies for evaluation of charge distribution in aryl groups on silicon (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic and steric effects in pentacoordinate anionic diorganotrifluorosilicates: x-ray structures and carbon-13 NMR studies for evaluation of charge distribution in aryl groups on siliconKohei Tamao, Takashi Hayashi, Yoshihiko Ito, and Motoo ShiroCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 1, 182–191Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00037a036https://doi.org/10.1021/om00037a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Functionalization of Corroles:  Formylcorroles (1997)

Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins can be readily functionalized at the meso-(5,10,15,20)-positions by using a variety of reagents, the Vilsmeier formylation reaction being universally regarded as the prototypical example. On the other hand, the literature shows that corroles and metallocorroles are unusually resistant to most functionalization procedures which are common to porphyrins. The first example of peripheral functionalization of the corrole ring is now reported. Octamethylcorrole 1 readily reacts with the Vilsmeier reagent (POCl3/DMF), but the product is the 10-dimethylaminomethene derivative 2, and not the expected meso-formyl derivatives 3 or 4, as confirmed by a single crystal X-ray crystallographic study. Corrole 5, where the 10-meso-position is substituted, affords the similar product 6. When the reaction is extended to corrole 7 two different products, 8 and 9, are obtained wherein the substitution is performed at both 5- and 10-meso-positions. Unlike the case of porphyrins, no reaction occurs at the β-unsubstituted pyrrolic positions. Coordination of cobalt to the dimethylaminomethenylcorroles 2 and 5 causes both metalation and tautomerization/hydrolysis to afford the originally targeted meso-formylcorrolato complexes in almost quantitative yields. Attempts to formylate cobalt complex 14 using TFA/trimethylorthoformate affords the corresponding β-formyl complexes 15 and 16, the ratio of which depends on the reaction time. meso-Formylcorroles are also obtained by way of a new direct synthesis, described herein, using a prefunctionalized a,c-biladiene 22.
Physical limits on bacterial navigation in dynamic environments (2016)

Many chemotactic bacteria inhabit environments in which chemicals appear as localized pulses and evolve by processes such as diffusion and mixing. We show that, in such environments, physical limits on the accuracy of temporal gradient sensing govern when and where bacteria can accurately measure the cues they use to navigate. Chemical pulses are surrounded by a predictable dynamic region, outside which bacterial cells cannot resolve gradients above noise. The outer boundary of this region initially expands in proportion to the square root of time before rapidly contracting. Our analysis also reveals how chemokinesis-the increase in swimming speed many bacteria exhibit when absolute chemical concentration exceeds a threshold-may serve to enhance chemotactic accuracy and sensitivity when the chemical landscape is dynamic. More generally, our framework provides a rigorous method for partitioning bacteria into populations that are 'near' and 'far' from chemical hotspots in complex, rapidly evolving environments such as those that dominate aquatic ecosystems.
Nuclear receptor corepressor-dependent repression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor δ-mediated transactivation (2002)

The nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) was isolated as a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ interacting protein using the yeast two-hybrid system. NCoR interacted strongly with the ligand-binding domain of PPARδ, whereas interactions with the ligand-binding domains of PPARγ and PPARα were significantly weaker. PPAR—NCoR interactions were antagonized by ligands in the two-hybrid system, but were ligand-insensitive in in vitro pull-down assays. Interaction between PPARδ and NCoR was unaffected by coexpression of retinoid X receptor (RXR) α. The PPARδ—RXRα heterodimer bound to an acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO)-type peroxisome-proliferator response element recruited a glutathione S-transferase—NCoR fusion protein in a ligand-independent manner. Contrasting with most other nuclear receptors, PPARδ was found to interact equally well with interaction domains I and II of NCoR. In transient transfection experiments, NCoR and the related silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) were shown to exert a marked dose-dependent repression of ligand-induced PPARδ-mediated transactivation; in addition, transactivation induced by the cAMP-elevating agent forskolin was efficiently reduced to basal levels by NCoR as well as SMRT coexpression. Our results suggest that the transactivation potential of liganded PPARδ can be fine-tuned by interaction with NCoR and SMRT in a manner determined by the expression levels of corepressors and coactivators.
Variational implicit point set surfaces (2019)

We propose a new method for reconstructing an implicit surface from an un-oriented point set. While existing methods often involve non-trivial heuristics and require additional constraints, such as normals or labelled points, we introduce a direct definition of the function from the points as the solution to a constrained quadratic optimization problem. The definition has a number of appealing features: it uses a single parameter (parameter-free for exact interpolation), applies to any dimensions, commutes with similarity transformations, and can be easily implemented without discretizing the space. More importantly, the use of a global smoothness energy allows our definition to be much more resilient to sampling imperfections than existing methods, making it particularly suited for sparse and non-uniform inputs.
Measuring Functional Range of Motion in Patients with Ankle Arthritis (2016)

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Measurement of range of motion is an important outcome measure following ankle surgery. However, there is wide variation in its measurement: from clinical evaluation, to radiographic metrics, and gait analysis. The purpose of this study was to present and validate a simple, standardized technique for measurement of function total range of motion between the tibia and the floor using a digital goniometer. Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained. Forty-five ankles from 33 participants were recruited into two groups. Group 1 (Healthy controls), comprised 20 ankles from 10 participants. None had any musculoskeletal or neurological pathology. Group 2 (Ankle osteoarthritis), comprised 25 ankles from 23 patients. Ankle pathology had been treated with ankle arthrodesis (n=5), total ankle replacement (n=6), and non-operative treatment (n=14). Measurement was performed by two testers according to a standardized protocol developed for the Pivotal Total Ankle Replacement Versus Arthrodesis (TARVA) RCT. Intra- and inter-rater reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients. Results: Group 1 (Healthy controls). The median difference for all measurements within an observer was 1.5 (IQR 0.7-2.5) degrees. The ICC for inter-rater total ankle range of motion was excellent 0.95 (0.91-0.97, 95% confidence interval, p &lt; 0.001). The ICC for intra-rater total ankle range of motion was excellent 0.942 (0.859-0.977, 95% CI, p &lt; 0.001). Group 2 (Ankle osteoarthritis). The median difference for all measurements within an observer was 0.6 (IQR 0.2 -1.3) degrees. The intra-class coefficient (ICC) for inter-rater total ankle range of motion was excellent 0.99 (0.97 -1.0), 95% CI, p &lt; 0.001). The ICC for intra-rater total ankle range of motion was 0.99 (0.96 -1.0), 95% CI p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: This technique provides a reliable, standardized method for measurement of total functional range of motion between the tibia and the floor. The technique requires no specialist equipment or training, and provides a valid functional assessment for patients with and without ankle osteoarthritis and also following treatment even with an ankle arthrodesis.
Strain control of magnetic anisotropy in (Ga,Mn)As microbars (2011)

We present an experimental and theoretical study of magnetocrystalline anisotropies in arrays of bars patterned lithographically into (Ga,Mn)As epilayers grown under compressive lattice strain. Structural properties of the (Ga,Mn)As microbars are investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements. The experimental data, showing strong strain relaxation effects, are in good agreement with finite element simulations. Magnetization measurements are performed using a superconducting quantum interference device to study the control of magnetic anisotropy in (Ga,Mn)As by the lithographically induced strain relaxation of the microbars. Microscopic theoretical modeling of the anisotropy is performed based on the mean-field kinetic-exchange model of the ferromagnetic spin-orbit coupled band structure of (Ga,Mn)As. Based on the overall agreement between experimental data and theoretical modeling, we conclude that the micropatterning induced anisotropies are of magnetocrystalline, spin-orbit coupling origin.
Long-range magnetic interactions and proximity effects in an amorphous exchange-spring magnet (2016)

Low-dimensional magnetic heterostructures are a key element of spintronics, where magnetic interactions between different materials often define the functionality of devices. Although some interlayer exchange coupling mechanisms are by now well established, the possibility of direct exchange coupling via proximity-induced magnetization through non-magnetic layers is typically ignored due to the presumed short range of such proximity effects. Here we show that magnetic order can be induced throughout a 40-nm-thick amorphous paramagnetic layer through proximity to ferromagnets, mediating both exchange-spring magnet behaviour and exchange bias. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations show that nearest-neighbour magnetic interactions fall short in describing the observed effects and long-range magnetic interactions are needed to capture the extent of the induced magnetization. The results highlight the importance of considering the range of interactions in low-dimensional heterostructures and how magnetic proximity effects can be used to obtain new functionality.
Designing Personalised Rehabilitation Controllers using Offline Model-Based Optimisation (2022)

The use of robotic assistance in rehabilitation is becoming more popular, yet delivering optimal assistance remains an open challenge. In order to accelerate a patient's recovery, assistance that is personalised to the needs of the patient is required. However, controllers of rehabilitation robots have traditionally been designed and tuned heuristically, through trial and error, with one set of parameters used across several patients. In this paper, we propose an offline model-based optimisation approach, which can be used to create personalised rehabilitation controllers. We formulate the process of designing and tuning a rehabilitation controller as a multi-objective optimisation problem, and we solve this problem using Bayesian optimisation. We evaluate our method with forward dynamics simulations and the results demonstrate that a set of controller parameters can be obtained that are both patient-specific and task-specific. Our approach could be used for the personalisation of controllers designed for rehabilitation, injury prevention and human augmentation.
SURE-based Stopping Strategy for Fine-tunable Supervised PET Image Denoising (2021)

Previously, based on the unsupervised deep learning method, conditional deep image prior (CDIP), we showed the possibility of finetuning during the testing phase after supervised learning. However, one barrier for CDIP finetuning is that it needs early stopping before the network output converges to the noise which is hard to determine. In this work, we proposed to construct the finetuning loss based on Stein’s unbiased risk estimator (SURE), which can provide an unbiased estimation of the true mean square error (MSE). We demonstrated that using SURE-based finetuning loss, the network output can be close to the ground truth while not converging to the noise. Quantification results based on seven real patient datasets show that the proposed method is more stable during finetuning than CDIP.
A nationwide survey to measure practice variation of catheterisation management in patients undergoing vaginal prolapse surgery (2009)

Due to insufficient evidence and suboptimal implementation of available evidence, practice variation in catheterisation regimens is high.
Loss analysis of 1.55 μm vertical cavity lasers (2002)

Recently, room temperature cw operation of 1.55 μm InGaAsP MQW DBR VCSELs has been achieved for the first time. At higher temperatures, laser operation is restricted by internal losses including intervalenceband absorption and carrier leakage. Measured characteristics are simulated using a comprehensive numerical model to analyze those losses in detail and to optimize the VCSEL design.
Structure, Dynamics, and Interaction of p54nrb/NonO RRM1 with 5′ Splice Site RNA Sequence (2016)

p54(nrb)/NonO is a nuclear RNA-binding protein involved in many cellular events such as pre-mRNA processing, transcription, and nuclear retention of hyper-edited RNAs. In particular, it participates in the splicing process by directly binding the 5' splice site of pre-mRNAs. The protein also concentrates in a nuclear body called paraspeckle by binding a G-rich segment of the ncRNA NEAT1. The N-terminal section of p54(nrb)/NonO contains tandem RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) preceded by an HQ-rich region including a threonine residue (Thr15) whose phosphorylation inhibits its RNA binding ability, except for G-rich RNAs. In this work, our goal was to understand the rules that characterize the binding of the p54(nrb)/NonO RRMs to their RNA target. We have done in vitro RNA binding experiments which revealed that only the first RRM of p54(nrb)/NonO binds to the 5' splice site RNA. We have then determined the structure of the p54(nrb)/NonO RRM1 by liquid-state NMR which revealed the presence of a canonical fold (β1α1β2β3α2β4) and the conservation of aromatic amino acids at the protein surface. We also investigated the dynamics of this domain by NMR. The p54(nrb)/NonO RRM1 displays some motional properties that are typical of a well-folded protein with some regions exhibiting more flexibility (loops and β-strands). Furthermore, we determined the affinity of p54(nrb)/NonO RRM1 interaction to the 5' splice site RNA by NMR and fluorescence quenching and mapped its binding interface by NMR, concluding in a classical nucleic acid interaction. This study provides an improved understanding of the molecular basis (structure and dynamics) that governs the binding of the p54(nrb)/NonO RRM1 to one of its target RNAs.