gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a cDNA encoding a parathyroid hormone-like peptide from a human tumor associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. (1988)

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common paraneoplastic syndrome that appears to be mediated in many instances by a parathyroid hormone-like peptide. Poly(A)+ RNA from a human renal carcinoma associated with this syndrome was enriched by preparative electrophoresis and used to construct an enriched cDNA library in phage lambda gt10. The library was screened with a codon-preference oligonucleotide synthesized on the basis of a partial N-terminal amino acid sequence from a human tumor-derived peptide, and a 2.0-kilobase cDNA was identified. The cDNA encodes a 177 amino acid protein consisting of a 36 amino acid leader sequence and a 141 amino acid mature peptide. The first 13 amino acids of the deduced sequence of the mature peptide display strong homology to human PTH, with complete divergence thereafter. RNA blot-hybridization analysis revealed multiple transcripts in mRNA from tumors associated with the humoral syndrome and also in mRNA from normal human keratinocytes. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from humans and rodents revealed a simple pattern compatible with a single-copy gene. The gene has been mapped to chromosome 12.
A review of: “Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solution” (1997)

Abstract Arthur E. Martell and Robert D. Hancock
Derivation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells through a Neural Crest Lineage using Small Molecule Compounds with Defined Media (2014)

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are an embryonic migratory cell population with the ability to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types that contribute to the craniofacial skeleton, cornea, peripheral nervous system, and skin pigmentation. This ability suggests the promising role of NCCs as a source for cell-based therapy. Although several methods have been used to induce human NCCs (hNCCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), further modifications are required to improve the robustness, efficacy, and simplicity of these methods. Chemically defined medium (CDM) was used as the basal medium in the induction and maintenance steps. By optimizing the culture conditions, the combination of the GSK3β inhibitor and TGFβ inhibitor with a minimum growth factor (insulin) very efficiently induced hNCCs (70-80%) from hPSCs. The induced hNCCs expressed cranial NCC-related genes and stably proliferated in CDM supplemented with EGF and FGF2 up to at least 10 passages without changes being observed in the major gene expression profiles. Differentiation properties were confirmed for peripheral neurons, glia, melanocytes, and corneal endothelial cells. In addition, cells with differentiation characteristics similar to multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were induced from hNCCs using CDM specific for human MSCs. Our simple and robust induction protocol using small molecule compounds with defined media enabled the generation of hNCCs as an intermediate material producing terminally differentiated cells for cell-based innovative medicine.
Genomic profiling for clinical decision making in lymphoid neoplasms (2022)

With the introduction of large-scale molecular profiling methods and high-throughput sequencing technologies, the genomic features of most lymphoid neoplasms have been characterized at an unprecedented scale. Although the principles for the classification and diagnosis of these disorders, founded on a multidimensional definition of disease entities, have been consolidated over the past 25 years, novel genomic data have markedly enhanced our understanding of lymphomagenesis and enriched the description of disease entities at the molecular level. Yet, the current diagnosis of lymphoid tumors is largely based on morphological assessment and immunophenotyping, with only few entities being defined by genomic criteria. This paper, which accompanies the International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid neoplasms, will address how established assays and newly developed technologies for molecular testing already complement clinical diagnoses and provide a novel lens on disease classification. More specifically, their contributions to diagnosis refinement, risk stratification, and therapy prediction will be considered for the main categories of lymphoid neoplasms. The potential of whole-genome sequencing, circulating tumor DNA analyses, single-cell analyses, and epigenetic profiling will be discussed because these will likely become important future tools for implementing precision medicine approaches in clinical decision making for patients with lymphoid malignancies.
In vivo suppression of Bcl‐XL expression facilitates chemotherapy‐induced leukaemia cell death in a SCID/NOD‐Hu model (2001)

Bcl-XL, a member of the Bcl-2-related anti-apoptosis protein family, antagonizes a diverse range of apoptosis-inducing stimuli by preventing mitochondrial permeability transition, release of apoptogenic factors including cytochrome C, and caspase activation. We have tested the hypothesis that the susceptibility of Bcl-XL-expressing leukaemic cells to apoptosis induced by VP16 (etoposide) can be enhanced by pharmacological downregulation of Bcl-XL in vivo. Two subcutaneous xenograft models of B-cell leukaemia-employing SEMK-2 and BV173 cell lines were established in severe combined immunodeficient/non-obese diabetic mice followed by 14 d of continuous subcutaneous administration of Bcl-XL-specific second generation oligonucleotides ISIS 16009 or ISIS 15999. Tumours were disaggregated, enabling investigation of Bcl-XL expression and apoptosis susceptibility at single-cell resolution using cytofluorimetry. Marked sequence-specific reduction of Bcl-XL was associated with sequence-specific enhancement of VP16-induced mitochondrial permeability transition, caspase-3 activation and loss of membrane asymmetry. A negative correlation between Bcl-XL expression and apoptosis susceptibility was observed, together with a positive correlation with respect to a reduced redox state. Bcl-XL downregulation reduces the threshold for VP16-induced apoptosis by potentiating mitochondrial dysfunction and its sequelae, and therefore presents a novel therapeutic strategy for reversing chemoresistance.
Future Directions: Opportunities and Challenges (2018)

Nanotechnology can greatly contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer or tumor at the cellular level with the development of techniques that enable the delivery of analyte probes and therapeutic agents into cells and cellular compartments. The interaction of light with matter integrates major technologies such as photonics, nanotechnology, optical electronics, microfluidics, electrochemistry, leading to the shaping of new research frontiers such as space optics, biophotonics, and biomolecular nanophotonics. Aqueous insulin and aqueous alcohol crystals or colloidal macromolecules behave like adaptive reconfigurable photonic crystals and have metamaterial-like characteristics, with tunable defects. The area of biomolecular nanotechnology is anticipated to play an important role for future applications in surveillance and defense. The chapter highlights the impact of bionanophotonics on biomedicine and molecular imaging. Several nanoparticles such as quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanoshells have been investigated in diverse areas such as in vitro assays, in vitro and in vivo imaging aimed to provide enhanced cancer treatment, and drug-delivery alternatives.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Rational discovery of molecular glue degraders via scalable chemical profiling. (2020)

Targeted protein degradation is a new therapeutic paradigm based on drugs that destabilize proteins by inducing their proximity to E3 ubiquitin ligases. Of particular interest are molecular glues that can degrade otherwise unligandable proteins by orchestrating direct interactions between target and ligase. However, their discovery has so far been serendipitous, thus hampering broad translational efforts. Here, we describe a scalable strategy towards glue degrader discovery that is based on chemical screening in hypo-neddylated cells coupled to a multi-omics target deconvolution campaign. This approach led us to identify compounds that induce ubiquitination and degradation of cyclin K by prompting an interaction of CDK12:cyclin K with a CRL4B ligase complex. Notably, this interaction is independent of a dedicated substrate receptor, thus functionally segregating this mechanism from all described degraders. Collectively, our data
Hemilabile Ligand Induced Selectivity:  a DFT Study on Ethylene Trimerization Catalyzed by Titanium Complexes (2003)

In this computational study, we propose a detailed mechanism, which has been explored by density functional theory simulations, for the trimerization reaction of ethylene to give selectively 1-hexene using a [(η5-C5H4CMe2C6H5)TiCl3/MAO] catalyst. For ring-opening reactions we distinguish between agostic assisted β-hydrogen transfer and hydride formation. With the B3LYP functional it was found that the rate-determining step is the ring-opening reaction of the seven-membered metallacycle, exhibiting a barrier ΔG⧧(298.15 K) of 18.4 kcal/mol. It appears that the selectivity of the reaction results from two effects: the stabilizing effect of the hemilabile phenyl ligand and the ring size of the metallacycle. Upon interchange of the phenyl group by the labile methyl group, the calculations predict the formation of polyethylene, which is in agreement with the experimental data.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Palladium Nanocrystals Assisted by Supercritical CO 2 : Tailored Surface Properties for Applications in Boron Chemistry (2012)

Auf der Oberfläche: Eine Bibliothek von organisch-anorganischen Palladium-Nanokristallen wurde in einem Mikrofluidiksystem unter überkritischen Bedingungen synthetisiert. Die Nanokatalysatoren zeigten je nach Art der Liganden mittlere bis exzellente Aktivitäten in CAr-B- und CAr-CAr-Kupplungen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Broadband wireless access (1997)

This article reviews the technologies and potential markets, applications, and architectures for broadband wireless access. The emergence of wireless communications for cellular systems is presented, together with its projected future evolution to mobile wideband systems. The field of broadband access systems, services, and network architectures is also covered, and then systems for broadband wireless communications for indoor local area networks and outdoor public fixed access networks are discussed. Broadband wireless access systems are emerging as a new and growing area of telecommunications, since the ability to provide access without extensive installation of copper or fiber infrastructures make wireless technology well suited for broadband services. Finally, some of the key enabling technologies, such as adaptive antennas and video compression, and the future architectural directions of broadband wireless networks are presented.
Trends in Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Clostridioides difficile Infection, Hong Kong (2021)

ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education
A co-ordinate approach for the control of road vehicles (2001)

In recent years, cars have been equipped with many devices for the improvement of the handling, safety and comfort. In this paper we propose a framework for the integration of different devices which can be used to better control the vehicle lateral dynamic. A quick overview on previous work on the topic is also given.
Regulation of Class III Major Histocompatibility Complex Gene Products by Interleukin-1 (1986)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a product of mononuclear phagocytes that mediates changes characteristic of the response to inflammation or tissue injury (the acute-phase response). One of two structurally and functionally homologous major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III genes encodes a positive acute-phase protein, complement factor B. The closely linked complement C2 gene is not affected during the acute-phase response. Purified human IL-1, pH 7.0, and recombinant-generated murine IL-1, pH 5.0, increased the expression of factor B and other positive acute-phase proteins in human hepatoma cells but decreased the expression of albumin, a negative acute-phase reactant. Furthermore, in a murine fibroblast L-cell line transfected with cosmid DNA bearing the human C2 and factor B genes, IL-1 mediated a reversible dose- and time-dependent increase in factor B expression in the transfected cells. Expression of the C2 gene was not affected by IL-1. The effect of IL-1 on factor B expression involves a mechanism acting at a pre-translational level as demonstrated by an increase in specific messenger RNA content and a corresponding increase in biosynthesis and secretion of factor B. The structural basis and mechanism for selective and independent regulation of these genes provides insight into the molecular control of the inflammatory response.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions of Ketone α‐Carbonates with Norbornenes. An Unusual Cyclopropanation. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Coupled thermal-mechanical-contact analysis of hot cracking in laser welded lap joints (2017)

Laser welding offers numerous advantages and has been widely adopted in the automotive industry. However, its application in light-weight vehicle manufacturing is still limited due to hot cracking that commonly occurs in Al-Mg-Si alloys. An in-depth understanding of the hot cracking mechanism is of great importance to the optimal design of welding processes. To this end, a 3-D coupled thermomechanical finite element model is developed to investigate the laser welding of lap joints made of 5xxx and 6xxx Al sheets. The temperature-dependent material behavior of aluminum alloys is described by a thermo-elastic-plastic constitutive law, the plastic history variable of which is re-initialized during material recrystallization processes. Moreover, a material state variable representing the irreversible welding process is introduced into the model to properly describe the thermal and mechanical contact behaviors at the interface between two alloy sheets. Using the simulated thermal field, the weld mushy zone susceptible to crack initiation during solidification is identified. Accordingly, critical mechanical state and field variables are analyzed to investigate the potential cracking mechanisms. It is found that the tensile interfacial stress is a key factor for the initiation of hot cracks close to the free edge of the welding specimen. The influence of weld line-to-edge distance on the cracking susceptibility is numerically evaluated and compared with experimental observations. The numerical simulation reveals that increasing the weld line-to-edge distance can reduce the cracking susceptibility, which is consistent with the experimental observation.
Advances in human intracranial electroencephalography research, guidelines and good practices (2022)

Since the second-half of the twentieth century, intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), including both electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG), has provided an intimate view into the human brain. At the interface between fundamental research and the clinic, iEEG provides both high temporal resolution and high spatial specificity but comes with constraints, such as the individual's tailored sparsity of electrode sampling. Over the years, researchers in neuroscience developed their practices to make the most of the iEEG approach. Here we offer a critical review of iEEG research practices in a didactic framework for newcomers, as well addressing issues encountered by proficient researchers. The scope is threefold: (i) review common practices in iEEG research, (ii) suggest potential guidelines for working with iEEG data and answer frequently asked questions based on the most widespread practices, and (iii) based on current neurophysiological knowledge and methodologies, pave the way to good practice standards in iEEG research. The organization of this paper follows the steps of iEEG data processing. The first section contextualizes iEEG data collection. The second section focuses on localization of intracranial electrodes. The third section highlights the main pre-processing steps. The fourth section presents iEEG signal analysis methods. The fifth section discusses statistical approaches. The sixth section draws some unique perspectives on iEEG research. Finally, to ensure a consistent nomenclature throughout the manuscript and to align with other guidelines, e.g., Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) and the OHBM Committee on Best Practices in Data Analysis and Sharing (COBIDAS), we provide a glossary to disambiguate terms related to iEEG research.
Genetic Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (gMATS): A genotyping tool that predicts 4CMenB strain coverage worldwide (2019)

Background: The Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (MATS) was developed to identify meningococcus group B strains with a high likelihood of being covered by the 4CMenB vaccine, but is limited by the requirement for viable isolates from culture-confirmed cases. We examined if antigen genotyping could complement MATS in predicting strain coverage by the 4CMenB vaccine. Methods: From a panel of 3912 MATS-typed invasive meningococcal disease isolates collected in England and Wales in 2007–2008, 2014–2015 and 2015–2016, and in 16 other countries in 2000–2015, 3481 isolates were also characterized by antigen genotyping. Individual associations between antigen genotypes and MATS coverage for each 4CMenB component were used to define a genetic MATS (gMATS). gMATS estimates were compared with England and Wales human complement serum bactericidal assay (hSBA) data and vaccine effectiveness (VE) data from England. Results: Overall, 81% of the strain panel had genetically predictable MATS coverage, with 92% accuracy and highly concordant results across national panels (Lin's accuracy coefficient, 0.98; root-mean-square deviation, 6%). England and Wales strain coverage estimates were 72–73% by genotyping (66–73% by MATS), underestimating hSBA values after four vaccine doses (88%) and VE after two doses (83%). The gMATS predicted strain coverage in other countries was 58–88%. Conclusions: gMATS can replace MATS in predicting 4CMenB strain coverage in four out of five cases, without requiring a cultivable isolate, and is open to further improvement. Both methods underestimated VE in England. Strain coverage predictions in other countries matched or exceeded England and Wales estimates.
Hybrid materials science: a promised land for the integrative design of multifunctional materials (2014)

For more than 5000 years, organic-inorganic composite materials created by men via skill and serendipity have been part of human culture and customs. The concept of "hybrid organic-inorganic" nanocomposites exploded in the second half of the 20th century with the expansion of the so-called "chimie douce" which led to many collaborations between a large set of chemists, physicists and biologists. Consequently, the scientific melting pot of these very different scientific communities created a new pluridisciplinary school of thought. Today, the tremendous effort of basic research performed in the last twenty years allows tailor-made multifunctional hybrid materials with perfect control over composition, structure and shape. Some of these hybrid materials have already entered the industrial market. Many tailor-made multiscale hybrids are increasingly impacting numerous fields of applications: optics, catalysis, energy, environment, nanomedicine, etc. In the present feature article, we emphasize several fundamental and applied aspects of the hybrid materials field: bioreplication, mesostructured thin films, Lego-like chemistry designed hybrid nanocomposites, and advanced hybrid materials for energy. Finally, a few commercial applications of hybrid materials will be presented.
<title>Performance of HgCdTe, InGaAs and quantum well GaAs/AlGaAs staring infrared focal plane arrays</title> (1997)

The ability to hybridize various detector arrays in disparate technologies to an assortment of state-of-the-art silicon readouts has enabled direct comparison of key IR detector technologies including photovoltaic (PV) HgCdTe/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, PV HgCdTe/CdZnTe, PV InGaAs/InP, and the photoconductive (PC) GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well IR photodetector (QWIP). The staring focal plane arrays range in size from 64 X 64 to 1024 X 1024; we compare these IR detector technologies versus operating temperature and background flux via hybrid FPA test at operating temperatures from 32.5 K to room temperature and photon backgrounds from mid-10<SUP>5</SUP> to approximately equals 10<SUP>17</SUP> photons/cm<SUP>2</SUP>-s. Several state-of-the-art IR FPAs are included: a 1.7 micrometers 128 X 128 InGaAs hybrid FPA with room temperature D of 1.5 X 10<SUP>13</SUP> cm-Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP>/W and 195K D of 1.1 X 10<SUP>15</SUP> cm-Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP>/W; a 3.2 micrometers 1024 X 1024 FPA for surveillance; a 4.6 micrometers 256 X 256 HgCdTe/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> FPA for imaging with BLIP NE(Delta) T of 2.8 mK at 95K; and a 9 micrometers 128 X 128 GaAs QWIP with 32.5 K D &gt; 10<SUP>14</SUP> cm-Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP>/W at 32.5K and 8 X 10<SUP>10</SUP> cm-Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP>W at 62K.
Healthcare Costs of Smokers Using Varenicline Versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy Patch in the United States: Evidence from Real-World Practice (2018)

Pfizer, Inc.
Preliminary LOCA analysis of the westinghouse small modular reactor using the WCOBRA/TRAC-TF2 thermal-hydraulics code (2012)

The Westinghouse Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is an 800 MWt (> 225 MWe) integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) with all primary components, including the steam generator and the pressurizer located inside the reactor vessel. The reactor core is based on a partial-height 17x17 fuel assembly design used in the AP1000{sup R} reactor core. The Westinghouse SMR utilizes passive safety systems and proven components from the AP1000 plant design with a compact containment that houses the integral reactor vessel and the passive safety systems. A preliminary loss of coolant accident (LOCA) analysis of the Westinghouse SMR has been performed using the WCOBRA/TRAC-TF2 code, simulating a transient caused by a double ended guillotine (DEG) break in the direct vessel injection (DVI) line. WCOBRA/TRAC-TF2 is a new generation Westinghouse LOCA thermal-hydraulics code evolving from the US NRC licensed WCOBRA/TRAC code. It is designed to simulate PWR LOCA events from the smallest break size to the largest break size (DEG cold leg). A significant number of fluid dynamics models and heat transfer models were developed or improved in WCOBRA/TRAC-TF2. A large number of separate effects and integral effects tests were performed for a rigorous code assessment and validation. WCOBRA/TRAC-TF2 was introduced into the Westinghousemore » SMR design phase to assist a quick and robust passive cooling system design and to identify thermal-hydraulic phenomena for the development of the SMR Phenomena Identification Ranking Table (PIRT). The LOCA analysis of the Westinghouse SMR demonstrates that the DEG DVI break LOCA is mitigated by the injection and venting from the Westinghouse SMR passive safety systems without core heat up, achieving long term core cooling. (authors)« less