gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Reprojection Error: Merging Feature Learning and Camera Pose Estimation (2021)

Absolute camera pose estimation is usually addressed by sequentially solving two distinct subproblems: First a feature matching problem that seeks to establish putative 2D-3D correspondences, and then a Perspective-n-Point problem that minimizes, w.r.t. the camera pose, the sum of so-called Reprojection Errors (RE). We argue that generating putative 2D-3D correspondences 1) leads to an important loss of information that needs to be compensated as far as possible, within RE, through the choice of a robust loss and the tuning of its hyperparameters and 2) may lead to an RE that conveys erroneous data to the pose estimator. In this paper, we introduce the Neural Reprojection Error (NRE) as a substitute for RE. NRE allows to rethink the camera pose estimation problem by merging it with the feature learning problem, hence leveraging richer information than 2D-3D correspondences and eliminating the need for choosing a robust loss and its hyperparameters. Thus NRE can be used as training loss to learn image descriptors tailored for pose estimation. We also propose a coarse-to-fine optimization method able to very efficiently minimize a sum of NRE terms w.r.t. the camera pose. We experimentally demonstrate that NRE is a good substitute for RE as it significantly improves both the robustness and the accuracy of the camera pose estimate while being computationally and memory highly efficient. From a broader point of view, we believe this new way of merging deep learning and 3D geometry may be useful in other computer vision applications. Source code and model weights will be made available at hugogermain.com/nre.
Layout-induced stress effects in 14nm & 10nm FinFETs and their impact on performance (2013)

The ever increasing stress engineering raises a major concern of strong layout-dependent effects (LDE) in the advanced technology nodes. We report on the dependency of SiGe S/D and STI induced stress on fin length, position of the gate along the fin and fin to fin distances. The efficiency of epitaxial S/D SiGe stressors is reduced when the fin length is decreased and strongly degraded for fins with a single gate regardless of the SiGe depth, resulting in up to 21% performance degradation at ring oscillator level. Although tensile STI improves the NFETs mobility, the use of compressive STI guarantees a constant mobility ratio and limits the performance variation with layout.
A 28nm High-&#x03BA; metal-gate single-chip communications processor with 1.5GHz dual-core application processor and LTE/HSPA+-capable baseband processor (2013)

The increase in the use and number of smartphone devices is causing heavy data traffic volumes on existing 3G mobile wireless networks. LTE, often referred to as 4G, offers true mobile broadband. It is a new network and access technology that provides new spectrum resources, much increased spectral efficiency, higher throughputs (150Mb/s with higher rates to come), at lower latency and it uses an IP-based infrastructure. LTE is the solution to mitigate the traffic load issue and it is being rolled out around the world. The proposed communication processor R-Mobile U2 (RMU2) achieves single-chip integration of a 1.5GHz dual-core application processor and a triple mode (GSM/WCDMA/LTE) base-band processor. Key design highlights of the RMU2 are: 1) A 28nm HKMG high-performance and low-leakage (HPL) CMOS bulk process achieves an optimal balance between both low leakage current and high performance. 2) A CPU clock control mechanism, called the “power saver”, limits the CPU power so as not to exceed a threshold level and to reduce IR drop. 3) The internal power domain is separated into 33 sub-blocks with I/O NMOS power switches [1] to minimize leakage current of any unused sub-block. 4) A dual-mode low-leakage SRAM [2] achieves low standby current in addition to conventional memory characteristics.
High definition ultrasound imaging for battlefield medical applications (1996)

A team has developed an improved resolution ultrasound system for low cost diagnostics. This paper describes the development of an ultrasound based imaging system capable of generating 3D images showing surface and subsurface tissue and bone structures. We include results of a comparative study between images obtained from X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) and ultrasound. We found that the quality of ultrasound images compares favorably with those from CT. Volumetric and surface data extracted from these images were within 7% of the range between ultrasound and CT scans. We also include images of porcine abdominal scans from two different sets of animal trials.
A Ubiquitination Cascade Regulating the Integrated Stress Response and Survival in Carcinomas (2022)

We describe the identification of a heretofore unrecognized ubiquitin ligase complex that prevents the aberrant activation of the ISR in a subset of cancer cells. This provides a novel insight on the regulation of ISR and exposes a therapeutic opportunity to selectively eliminate these cancer cells. See related commentary Leli and Koumenis, p. 535. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
Relation between Dopamine Synthesis Capacity and Cell-Level Structure in Human Striatum: A Multi-Modal Study with Positron Emission Tomography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (2014)

Positron emission tomography (PET) study has shown that dopamine synthesis capacity varied among healthy individuals. This interindividual difference might be due to a difference in the cell-level structure of presynaptic dopaminergic neurons, i.e., cellular density and/or number. In this study, the relations between the dopamine synthesis capacity measured by PET and the parameter estimates in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in striatal subregions were investigated in healthy human subjects. DTI and PET studies with carbon-11 labeled L-DOPA were performed in ten healthy subjects. Age-related changes in the above parameters were also considered. Fractional anisotropy showed a significant positive correlation with age in the posterior caudate. There was significant negative correlation between dopamine synthesis capacity and mean diffusivity in the posterior caudate and putamen. Assuming that mean diffusivity reflects the density of wide-spreading axonal terminals in the striatum, the result suggests that dopamine synthesis may be related to the density of dopaminergic neuronal fibers. It is evident that PET/DTI combined measurements can contribute to investigations of the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases involving malfunction of dopaminergic neurons.
Granulocyte Dysplasia and Dysfunction, and CD11/CD18 Defects in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (1996)

In myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), dysplastic changes in neutrophils are a common feature reflecting the total degree of bone marrow dysplasia. Furthermore, granulocyte function is abnormal, so that a high risk of life-threatening infections has been documented. In this review we shall focus on the defects of both granulocytes and their CD11b/CD18 glycoprotein complex, which regulate granulocyte adherence, locomotion, diapedesis and migration into inflammatory sites, in patients suffering from primary MDS. The defective surface membrane glycoprotein expression of myelodysplastic phagocytes is not only a useful diagnostic tool, but also a powerful prognostic one, since MDS patients with such defects present both an increased susceptibility to infections and a decreased survival. Moreover, the administration of colony-stimulating factors is known to be able to elicit long-lasting improvement in neutrophil count, CD11b/CD18 expression and function, marrow myeloid maturation, and possibly to decrease bacterial infections in MDS patients.
Ligand Binding and Subtype Selectivity of the Human A2A Adenosine Receptor (2010)

The crystal structure of the human A(2A) adenosine receptor bound to the A(2A) receptor-specific antagonist, ZM241385, was recently determined at 2.6-A resolution. Surprisingly, the antagonist binds in an extended conformation, perpendicular to the plane of the membrane, and indicates a number of interactions unidentified before in ZM241385 recognition. To further understand the selectivity of ZM241385 for the human A(2A) adenosine receptor, we examined the effect of mutating amino acid residues within the binding cavity likely to have key interactions and that have not been previously examined. Mutation of Phe-168 to Ala abolishes both agonist and antagonist binding as well as receptor activity, whereas mutation of this residue to Trp or Tyr had only moderate effects. The Met-177 --> Ala mutation impeded antagonist but not agonist binding. Finally, the Leu-249 --> Ala mutant showed neither agonist nor antagonist binding affinity. From our results and previously published mutagenesis data, we conclude that conserved residues Phe-168(5.29), Glu-169(5.30), Asn-253(6.55), and Leu-249(6.51) play a central role in coordinating the bicyclic core present in both agonists and antagonists. By combining the analysis of the mutagenesis data with a comparison of the sequences of different adenosine receptor subtypes from different species, we predict that the interactions that determine subtype selectivity reside in the more divergent "upper" region of the binding cavity while the "lower" part of the binding cavity is conserved across adenosine receptor subtypes.
Nondiffracting images under coherent illumination (1995)

The focal depth of an arbitrary image is extended by optimization of the amplitude and phase distributions over the entire image. We propose a general method that takes advantage of a detector’s (possibly nonlinear) response to incident intensity. We demonstrate the method by computer simulations and experimentally, using computer-generated holograms.
Experimental and numerical investigation of sandstone deformation under cycling loading relevant for underground energy storage (2023)

Considering the storage capacity and already existing infrastructures, underground porous reservoirs are highly suitable to store green energy, for example, in the form of green gases such as hydrogen and compressed air. Depending on the energy demand and supply, the energy-rich fluids are injected and produced, which induces cyclic change of state-of-the-stress in the reservoir and its surrounding. Detailed analyses of the geo-mechanical deformations under variable storage conditions i.e., storage frequency and fluid fluctuating pressures, are crucially important for safe and efficient operations. The present work presents an integrated analysis, based on experimental and constitutive modeling aspects, to investigate sandstones’ geomechanical response to cyclic loading relevant to underground energy storage (UES). To this end, sandstone rock samples were subjected to cyclic loading above and below the onset of dilatant cracking under different frequencies and loading amplitudes. Axial strains and Acoustic Emissions (AE) were measured in both regimes to quantify the total deformation (strain) of the rock and its AE characteristics. It is found that the inelastic strain and number of AE events is the highest in the first cycle and reduce subsequently cycle after cycle. Moreover, cyclic inelastic deformations are affected by the mean stress, amplitude, and frequency of the stress waveform. On the one hand, the higher the mean stress and the amplitude, the higher the total inelastic strains. On the other hand, the lower the frequency, the higher the total inelastic strain. From the modeling perspectives, five types of deformation mechanisms were identified based on the governing physics: elastic, viscoelastic, compaction-based cyclic inelastic, inelastic brittle creep, and dilatation-based inelastic deformation. To model elastic, viscoelastic, and brittle creep, the Nishihara model was used. A cyclic modified cam clay model (MCC) and hardening–softening model were applied to capture plastic deformation. The results show a very good fit of the constitutive model with the experimental results, which could help in studying the response of reservoirs to injection and production.
Treatment of ischemic stroke with nanobubbles and ultrasound (2006)

The use of perfluorocarbon-filled microbubbles for ultrasound contrast imaging is well known. Now, the next generation of perfluorocarbon-filled bubbles has reached nanoscale and will be evaluated in clinical trials for the dissolution of blood clots in ischemic stroke and other vascular occlusions. MRX-815 nanobubbles are submicron, lipid coated, perfluorocarbon nanobubbles. Due to their small size they are able to penetrate a thrombus. Since they share a lineage with ultrasound contrast agents, their progress can be monitored on diagnostic ultrasound and once they have reached the site of thrombosis ultrasound can be applied externally to activate the bubbles. This activation consists of the bubbles oscillating in the field of ultrasound and cavitating. This mechanical energy works to dissolve the clot and restore blood flow to the ischemic tissues beyond. This process, SonoLysis■ therapy, can be used in tandem with lytic agents or can be used alone in cases where lytic agents are contraindicated. A multicenter, Phase II clinical trial is currently evaluating SonoLysisregistered in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Preliminary findings have been encouraging and additional studies are planned.
Reaction Mechanism of Glutathione Synthetase from Arabidopsis thaliana (2007)

Glutathione is essential for maintaining the intracellular redox environment and is synthesized from gamma-glutamylcysteine, glycine, and ATP by glutathione synthetase (GS). To examine the reaction mechanism of a eukaryotic GS, 24 Arabidopsis thaliana GS (AtGS) mutants were kinetically characterized. Within the gamma-glutamylcysteine/glutathione-binding site, the S153A and S155A mutants displayed less than 4-fold changes in kinetic parameters with mutations of Glu-220 (E220A/E220Q), Gln-226 (Q226A/Q226N), and Arg-274 (R274A/R274K) at the distal end of the binding site resulting in 24-180-fold increases in the K(m) values for gamma-glutamylcysteine. Substitution of multiple residues interacting with ATP (K313M, K367M, and E429A/E429Q) or coordinating magnesium ions to ATP (E148A/E148Q, N150A/N150D, and E371A) yielded inactive protein because of compromised nucleotide binding, as determined by fluorescence titration. Other mutations in the ATP-binding site (E371Q, N376A, and K456M) resulted in greater than 30-fold decreases in affinity for ATP and up to 80-fold reductions in turnover rate. Mutation of Arg-132 and Arg-454, which are positioned at the interface of the two substrate-binding sites, affected the enzymatic activity differently. The R132A mutant was inactive, and the R132K mutant decreased k(cat) by 200-fold; however, both mutants bound ATP with K(d) values similar to wild-type enzyme. Minimal changes in kinetic parameters were observed with the R454K mutant, but the R454A mutant displayed a 160-fold decrease in k(cat). In addition, the R132K, R454A, and R454K mutations elevated the K(m) value for glycine up to 11-fold. Comparison of the pH profiles and the solvent deuterium isotope effects of A. thaliana GS and the Arg-132 and Arg-454 mutants also suggest distinct mechanistic roles for these residues. Based on these results, a catalytic mechanism for the eukaryotic GS is proposed.
The impact of DWDM channel de-correlation method in optical PSK coherent transmission experiment (2009)

In a DWDM PSK coherent experiment, the even/odd channel de-correlation overestimates XPM phase noise by two and underestimates its autocorrelation length by 40%, which suggests that enhanced de-correlation is necessary for accurate evaluation.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Virus Load Kinetics to Predict Recurrent Disease in Solid‐Organ Transplant Patients with CMV Disease (2002)

Despite standard therapy, cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease recurs in a significant proportion of organ transplant recipients. The kinetics of CMV load in response to therapy may allow early prediction of recurrence. CMV loads were obtained at regular intervals after starting ganciclovir therapy in 52 transplant recipients with CMV disease. Virus load kinetics were analyzed using decay curves to assess viral dynamics, including half-life and time to viral clearance. Recurrent CMV disease occurred in 12 (23%) of 50 patients. The time period to viral clearance was longer among patients with recurrence of CMV disease (P=.002), and lack of clearance was also associated among patients with disease recurrence (P<.001). Viral kinetics followed a logarithmic decay curve expressed by the equation y=y(0)e(-ax). Virus load half-life was 8.8 days among patients with recurrence versus 3.17 days among patients without recurrence (P=.001). This was not explainable by detectable ganciclovir resistance. CMV load kinetics are useful for identifying, at a very early stage, patients who are more likely to have recurrence.
Helical Supramolecular Aggregates Based on Ureidopyrimidinone Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding (2003)

A series of mono- and bifunctional compounds 2-7, based on the ureido pyrimidinone quadruple hydrogen bonding unit, was prepared to study the mode of aggregation of these compounds in the bulk and in solution. Compounds 2-7 exhibit thermotropic liquid crystalline properties, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarization microscopy. The presence of an ordered hexagonal discotic (D(ho)) phase of 2 a was confirmed by X-ray diffraction on an aligned sample. In chloroform, the bifunctional compounds form cyclic dimers at millimolar concentrations, and these dimers exist in equilibrium with linear species above a critical concentration, which may be from 6 mM to greater than 260 mM, depending on the structure of the spacer. Circular dichroism measurements in chloroform did not show a Cotton effect. Dodecane solutions of compounds 3, 4 b, and 7 b display a Cotton effect at the absorption band of the phenyl-pyrimidinone unit. Amplification of chirality was observed in mixtures of 7 a and 7 b, but not in mixtures of 4 a and 4 b, indicating that 7 a and 7 b form mixed polymeric aggregates with a helical architecture in dodecane solution, whereas 4 a and 4 b do not. The Cotton effect is lost upon increasing the temperature. Half of the helicity is lost at 25 degrees C for 3 and at 60 degrees C for 4 b, suggesting that 3, bearing the shorter spacer, forms less stable columns than 4 b. Compound 7 b loses half of its helicity at 45 degrees C. Compounds 2 b, 5, and 6 do not exhibit helical organization, as evidenced by the absence of Cotton effects.
Socioeconomic status and diabetes among urban Indigenous Australians aged 15–64 years in the DRUID study (2007)

The relationship between SES and diabetes among Indigenous Australians in this study is consistent with the patterns observed in developed countries, rather than those in some developing countries.
Correlation between muscular and nerve signals responsible for hand grasping in non-human primates (2014)

Neuroprosthetic devices that interface with the nervous system to restore functional motor activity offer a viable alternative to nerve regeneration, especially in proximal nerve injuries like brachial plexus injuries where muscle atrophy may set in before nerve re-innervation occurs. Prior studies have used control signals from muscle or cortical activity. However, nerve signals are preferred in many cases since they permit more natural and precise control when compared to muscle activity, and can be accessed with much lower risk than cortical activity. Identification of nerve signals that control the appropriate muscles is essential for the development of such a `bionic link'. Here we examine the correlation between muscle and nerve signals responsible for hand grasping in the M. fascicularis. Simultaneous recordings were performed using a 4-channel thin-film longitudinal intra-fascicular electrode (tf-LIFE) and 9 bipolar endomysial muscle electrodes while the animal performed grasping movements. We were able to identify a high degree of correlation (r > 0.6) between nerve signals from the median nerve and movement-dependent muscle activity from the flexor muscles of the forearm, with a delay that corresponded to 25 m/s nerve conduction velocity. The phase of the flexion could be identified using a wavelet approximation of the ENG. This result confirms this approach for a future neuroprosthetic device for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
Secure M-PSK Communication via Directional Modulation (2016)

In this work, a directional modulation-based technique is devised to enhance the security of a multi-antenna wireless communication system employing M-PSK modulation to convey information. The directional modulation method operates by steering the array beam in such a way that the phase of the received signal at the receiver matches that of the intended M-PSK symbol. Due to the difference between the channels of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper, the signals received by the eavesdropper generally encompass a phase component different than the actual symbols. As a result, the transceiver which employs directional modulation can impose a high symbol error rate on the eavesdropper without requiring to know the eavesdropper's channel. The optimal directional modulation beamformer is designed to minimize the consumed power subject to satisfying a specific resulting phase and minimal signal amplitude at each antenna of the legitimate receiver. The simulation results show that the directional modulation results in a much higher symbol error rate at the eavesdropper compared to the conventional benchmark scheme, i.e., zero-forcing precoding at the transmitter.
Application of Combination Ion Source To Detect Environmentally Important Compounds (1990)

A new universal interface and combination ion source is described which allows choice of ionization modes among electron impact (EI), chemical ionization (CI), and Thermospray. Results obtained with this system on a Vestec Model 201 LC-MS are presented for some test compounds and some environmentally important compounds on the Appendix VIII list. The relative advantages of the different ionization modes for compound identification and quantitation are discussed and data are presented on the performance of the system.
Failure of Treatment for Chancroid in Rwanda Is Not Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: In Vitro Resistance of Haemophilus ducreyi to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (1995)

A comparative open study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of single doses of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ; 640 mg/3,200 mg) for the treatment of culture-proven chancroid. Clinical cure or improvement was observed 7 days after treatment in 32 (76.2%) of the 42 patients who received ciprofloxacin and 21 (52.5%) of the 40 patients who received TMP-SMZ (P = .04). Cultures for one (4.5%) of 22 patients not cured with ciprofloxacin and 16 (59.3%) of 27 patients not cured with TMP-SMZ were still positive for Haemophilus ducreyi 7 days after treatment (P < .001). Although 77 (71.3%) of the 108 patients tested were seropositive for HIV-1 antibody, HIV infection and the degree of CD4+ lymphocyte depletion had no effect on clinical and bacteriologic outcome. All isolates of H. ducreyi were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.004-0.06 mg/L). In contrast, resistance to TMP-SMZ (MIC, > or = 4/76 micrograms/mL) was observed in 48.9% of isolates (22 of 45) and was significantly associated with treatment failure. Therefore, the administration of TMP-SMZ, in single or multiple doses, is no longer indicated for the treatment of chancroid in Rwanda.