gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Chameleon Chiral Polar Liquid Crystal:  Rod-Shaped When Nematic, Bent-Shaped When Smectic (2004)

The first antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) exhibiting a (chiral) nematic phase, a combination which has long been the goal of synthetic chemists working with polar liquid crystals but which at the same time represents a fundamental contradiction in terms of translational order, was recently reported by Nishiyama and co-workers. We have investigated this chiral twin dimer by optic, electrooptic, and dielectric methods and conclude that it is not an ordinary AFLC material, but one where the peculiar properties of bent-core smectics are combined with those of ordinary rod-shaped liquid crystals. The compound exhibits a new type of nematic−smectic phase transition, connected with a change of molecule conformation from rod- to bent-shaped. This also has an important impact on the chiral interactions in the system. Toward the high-temperature end of the smectic phase, the energy balance between bent conformation smectic and straight conformation nematic can be shifted by an electric field such that the transition to the nematic phase with stretched-out molecules can be field-induced.
In-situ Probe of Lithium-ion Transport and Phase Evolution Within and Between Silver Hollandite Nanorods (2018)

Porous manganese oxides such as Ag doped -MnO 2 hollandites have gained significant attentions as electroactive materials as their tunnel-based crystallographic structure may provide sufficient structural rigidity to enable repeated ion exchange within their one-dimensional forms Specifically, hollandite type materials consist of edge-sharing MnO 6 octahedra which interlink to form tunnels (Fig. Using an in situ TEM approach (Fig. As shown in Fig. After 3s, a distinct lithiation reaction front (RF) appeared and propagated longitudinally, Fig. Comparing EELS measurement of the chemically lithiated reference samples, we estimated that the and regions correspond to ~0.9 Li + and >6 Li + equivalent, respectively (Fig. After ~24 s, the RF from nanorod I reached nanorod II where a second pathway for lithium transport was observed. At 34 s, the RF has crossed the boundary between the two rods and formed a reacted area centered at the top part of nanorod II (Fig. The RF reached the bottom edge of the nanorod II at 42 s (Fig. It also continued to propagate along the c axis of nanorod II. Our observations reveal the lithiation proceeded in both directions, away from the point of contact with nanorod I. Analysis of the RF progress in nanorod II indicated an estimated velocity of 1.9 nm/s across the diameter of the rod and a velocity of ~4.4 nm/s longitudinally, indicating an asymmetry for RF motion in the a-b direction and along the c axis. Starting at ~42 s, the lateral and longitudinal lithium transport pathways were observed simultaneously for nanorod III
Revealing Key Determinants of Clonal Variation in Transgene Expression in Recombinant CHO Cells Using Targeted Genome Editing (2018)

Generation of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell lines is critical for the production of therapeutic proteins. However, the high degree of phenotypic heterogeneity among generated clones, referred to as clonal variation, makes the rCHO cell line development process inefficient and unpredictable. Here, we investigated the major genomic causes of clonal variation. We found the following: (1) consistent with previous studies, a strong variation in rCHO clones in response to hypothermia (33 vs 37 °C) after random transgene integration; (2) altered DNA sequence of randomly integrated cassettes, which occurred during the integration process, affecting the transgene expression level in response to hypothermia; (3) contrary to random integration, targeted integration of the same expression cassette, without any DNA alteration, into three identified integration sites showed the similar response of transgene expression in response to hypothermia, irrespective of integration site; (4) switching the promoter from CMV to EF1α eliminated the hypothermia response; and (5) deleting the enhancer part of the CMV promoter altered the hypothermia response. Thus, we have revealed the effects of integration methods and cassette design on transgene expression levels, implying that rCHO cell line generation can be standardized through detailed genomic understanding. Further elucidation of such understanding is likely to have a broad impact on diverse fields that use transgene integration, from gene therapy to generation of production cell lines.
Low Complexity Precoding and Detection in Multi-user Massive MIMO OTFS\n Downlink (2020)

We consider the problem of degradation in performance of multi-carrier\nmulti-user massive MIMO systems when channel induced Doppler spread is high.\nRecently, Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation has been shown to\nbe robust to channel induced Doppler spread. In OTFS based systems, information\nsymbols are embedded in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain where they are jointly\nmodulated to generate the time-domain transmit signal. Due to the multi-path\ndelay and Doppler shifts, the DD domain information symbols need to be jointly\ndemodulated at the receiver. For multi-carrier based communication (e.g.,\nOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)), massive MIMO systems have\nbeen shown to achieve high spectral and energy efficiency with low complexity\nmulti-user precoding in the downlink. Extending the same to OTFS based downlink\nmulti-user massive MIMO systems is challenging due to the requirement for joint\ndemodulation of all information symbols at the user terminal (UT). In this\npaper, we solve this problem by proposing a novel OTFS based multi-user\nprecoder at the base station (BS) and a corresponding low complexity detector\n(LCD) at the user terminals (UTs), which allows for separate demodulation of\neach DD domain information symbol at the UT. The complexity of the proposed\nprecoder increases only linearly with increasing number BS antennas Q and the\nnumber of UTs. We show, through analysis, that as Q increases (with total\ntransmitted power decreased linearly with Q), the proposed low complexity\ndetector achieves a sum SE close to that achieved with optimal joint\ndemodulation at each UT. Numerical simulations confirm our analysis and also\nshow that the SE and error rate performance of the proposed OTFS based massive\nMIMO precoder and LCD detector is significantly more robust to channel induced\nDoppler spread when compared to OFDM based multi-user massive MIMO systems.\n
User admission for multi-user regenerative relay MIMO systems (2013)

We propose an efficient user admission method for multi-user regenerative relay multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with maximum sum rate system performance objective. We extend the relay system model proposed in [1] to manage multi-antenna user terminals. Our aim is to incorporate computationally efficient user admission into the conventional weighted sum rate maximization. To increase the rate of convergence and mitigate over-the-air signaling requirements, we make early predictions of the active set of spatial data streams, which effectively translates to user allocation. It is shown that the proposed method achieves close to optimal user allocation and greatly improves the performance at low signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) region when compared to direct channel quality based user admission [1].
Different Inner Retinal Pathways Mediate Rod-Cone Input in Irradiance Detection for the Pupillary Light Reflex and Regulation of Behavioral State in Mice (2010)

Absence of ON-bipolar cell-mediated rod-cone input can fully explain the phenotype of outer retina degeneration for negative masking but not for the pupillary light reflex. Therefore, inner retinal pathways mediating rod-cone input are different for negative masking and the pupillary light reflex.
Accurate HSPICE modeling of arbitrary package geometries using transmission-line equivalent techniques (2004)

Arbitrary package geometries can he converted into accurate high-speed transmission line equivalent circuits using standard equations for characteristic impedance, plate capacitance, and unit delay. Constructing the correct transmission-line topology requires an understanding of how the skin effect alters high-speed electromagnetic field propagation within a microelectronic structure. Using such transmission-line techniques, this paper examines io detail the high-speed electrical behavior of a number of common package structures, including signal vias in single-ended and differential stripline and microstrip configurations; singleended and differential signal wires passing over gaps in microstrip or stripline reference planes; and single- and dualreference stripline systems. These bansmission line representations can be readily simulated with any HSPICE or equivalent circuit simulation engine. These techniques are then applied to the packages and hardware data presented in [l]. It is shown that the noise measurements of the package having the most severely compromised reference mesh and power-supply vias under the die are dominated by cavity noise. I. Introduction
Behavior Analysis of Malicious Node in the Different Routing Algorithms in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) (2009)

An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network. It operates without the use of existing infrastructure. Two on- demand routing protocols used in Ad-Hoc networks is AODV (Ad-Hoc On demand Distance Vector) protocol and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) protocol. The security of the AODV protocol is compromised by a particular of attack called ¿Black Hole¿ attack. In this attack, a malicious node advertises itself as having the shortest path to the node whose packets it wants to intercept. To reduce the probability, it is proposed to wait and check the replies from all the neighboring nodes to find a safe route. AODV protocol provides better performance than the DSR in the presence of Black holes with minimal additional delay and Overhead. Computer simulation using NS2 simulator on Linux operating system shows the behavior of malicious node. In this paper, we simulate and analyzed which routing method is best or suitable in different malicious behaviors.
Achieving Versatile Energy Efficiency With the WANDERER Biped Robot. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Profibrogenic effect of high-mobility group box protein-1 in human dermal fibroblasts and its excess in keloid tissues (2018)

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein acts as a DNA chaperone for nuclear homeostasis. It translocates into the cytosol and is secreted into extracellular spaces, triggering proinflammatory cytokines and acting as a mediator in fibrosis. We determined whether HMGB1 plays a role in normal dermal fibrosis and keloid, and is involved with transforming growth factor β. We investigated the translocation and active release of HMGB1 from normal dermal fibroblasts under lipopolysaccharide stimuli, and the redistribution of nuclear HMGB1 into the cytoplasm of keloid fibroblasts. HMGB1 and its effector toll-like receptors and receptors for advanced glycation end product proteins are actively expressed in keloid tissues. Exogenous HMGB1 can induce the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts, and could act as a profibrogenic molecule to produce collagen, decrease MMP-1, and increase TIMP-1 mRNA expression. Moreover, administration of HMGB1 increased the expression level of TGF-β1 and internal signaling molecules, such as Smad 2 and 3, phosphorylated Smad 2/3 complex, Erk 1/2, Akt, and NF-κB. Collectively, we demonstrate that HMGB1 treatment increases the expression level of collagen types I and III, elastin, and fibronectin in dermal spheroid cultures, thus making HMGB1 a promising therapeutic target for treatment of profibrogenic diseases.
Efficacy and safety of AXS‐05, a novel oral NMDA receptor antagonist with multimodal activity in agitation associated with Alzheimer’s disease: Results from ADVANCE‐1 — A phase 2/3, double‐blind, active and placebo‐controlled trial (2020)

Abstract Background AXS‐05 (dextromethorphan/bupropion modulated delivery tablet) is a novel, oral, non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with activity on other neurotransmitter systems (sigma‐1, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) which have been implicated in the cognitive and behavioral abnormalities of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Up to 70% of patients with AD experience agitation. AD agitation is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, early institutionalization, increased mortality, and increased caregiver burden. There are no approved pharmacological treatments for AD agitation. Method The ADVANCE‐1 trial was a Phase 2/3, randomized, double‐blind, controlled, 5‐week study of AXS‐05 in AD agitation. Patients were randomized to treatment with AXS‐05, placebo, or bupropion. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in the Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). The modified Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study‐Clinical Global Impression of Change for Agitation (mADCS‐CGIC) was a key secondary endpoint. Result 366 AD patients with clinically significant agitation were randomized to AXS‐05 (n=159), bupropion (n=49), and placebo (n=158). On the primary endpoint, AXS‐05 significantly relieved agitation, demonstrating a change from baseline in the CMAI total score of 15.4 compared to 11.5 for placebo (p=0.010) and 10.0 for bupropion (p&lt;0.001). These results represent a mean percentage reduction from baseline of 48% for AXS‐05 versus 38% for placebo. AXS‐05 was numerically superior to placebo starting at Week 2, achieving statistical significance at Week 3 (p=0.007) only one week after full dosing with AXS‐05. AXS‐05 demonstrated clinical response (≥30% improvement on the CMAI) in 73% of patients compared to 57% for placebo (p=0.005). AXS‐05 demonstrated statistically significant improvements in agitation as compared to placebo on the mADCS‐CGIC (p=0.036). The most commonly reported AEs with AXS‐05 were somnolence (8.2% AXS‐05, 4.1% bupropion, 3.2% placebo), dizziness (6.3%, 10.2%, 3.2%, respectively), and diarrhea (4.4%, 6.1%, 4.4%, respectively). There was no evidence of cognitive decline or sedation with AXS‐05. Conclusion In the ADVANCE‐1 Phase 2/3 trial, AXS‐05 rapidly, substantially, and significantly improved agitation in patients with AD as compared to placebo. AXS‐05 was well tolerated and not associated with cognitive decline or sedation.
Colectomy for Ulcerative Colitis in a Large Private Insurance Claims Database (2006)

Purpose: To describe the types of colectomy and follow-up surgical procedures in a population of privately insured individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of claims data of employees and dependents from several large corporations in the US (MarketScan). The database includes 357.5 million outpatient claims and 1.4 million inpatient admissions. We identified a cohort of patients (pts) with a diagnosis of UC who underwent a colectomy between 2001 and 2004 inclusive. ICD-9 and CPT4 codes were used to identify UC pts, types of colectomy and subsequent related surgeries within the first 180 days after initial colectomy. Types of colectomy were classified into five categories: (1) total proctocolectomy (TPC) with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), (2) subtotal colectomy (SC) with ileostomy and Hartmann pouch or ileorectal anastomosis, (3) TPC with ileostomy, (4) segmental colectomy with ileal or colonic anastomosis, or (5) other partial colectomy (OPC). Follow-up surgeries were compared across colectomy types. Results: A total of 25586 cases of UC were identified. The study sample includes 215 UC pts who had a CPT4 procedure code for colectomy and 180-days of pre- and post-colectomy follow-up. The pt group was 52% male (mean age 42.6 years) and most often insured by a PPO (39%). Common co-morbidities included diabetes (8%) and chronic pulmonary disease (8%). The colectomy distribution was: (1) TPC with IPAA (n = 108, 50%); (2) SC with ileostomy (n = 48, 22%); (3) TPC with ileostomy (n = 28, 13%); (4) segmental colectomy with ileal or colonic anastomosis (n = 10, 5%); and (5) OPC (n = 21, 10%). Many patients had a second colectomy-related surgery: ostomy (n = 5, 2%), ostomy closure (n = 91, 42%), and proctectomy (n = 15, 7%). Within the 180 days post-colectomy, 71% of pts with TPC-IPAA had an ostomy closure, and 29% of pts with SC-ileostomy and Hartmann pouch or ileorectal anastomosis had a proctectomy. Conclusions: In this retrospective study of privately insured UC pts, the most common types of colectomy were TPC-IPAA and SC-ileostomy, both leading to multi-staged surgeries. Among 215 pts with a colectomy, we observed at least 111 additional colectomy-related surgeries. These results highlight the burden of follow-up surgeries in many UC pts undergoing colectomy. Supported by Schering-Plough.
Ultra-high-image-density large-size organic light-emitting devices based on In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors with a coplanar structure (2018)

Drain currents as functions of the gate voltages for the thin-film transistors (TFTs) showed that their output currents had slight differential variations in the saturation region just as the output currents of the etch stopper TFTs did. The maximum difference in the threshold voltages for the In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) TFTs was as small as approximately 0.57 V. The color gamut of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) embedded with TFTs with a coplanar structure satisfied the digital cinema initiatives of 99%. Furthermore, the image density of large-size OLEDs embedded with TFTs with a coplanar structure was significantly enhanced in comparison with that of OLEDs embedded with conventional TFTs.
Grism based stretcher/compressor system for amplified, femtosecond kilohertz lasers (2006)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. M. Gaudiosi, E. A. Gibson, S. Kane, R. Huff, H. C. Kapteyn, C. Durfee, J. Squier, and R. Jimenez, "Grism based stretcher/compressor system for amplified, femtosecond kilohertz lasers," in 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2006), paper MH26. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Hydration Behavior of Polylactam Clathrate Hydrate Inhibitors and theirSmall‐MoleculeModel Compounds (2021)

Abstract A major application of polylactams, particularly polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylcaprolactam and related copolymers is in the inhibition of clathrate hydrate formation in the oilfield sector. This chapter introduces the chemistry and importance of clathrate hydrates, examines the need to inhibit their formation particularly in natural gas pipelines and look at developments in the chemistry and mode of operation of γ‐ and ε‐lactam‐based inhibitors. A clathrate is a multi‐component crystalline solid of the host‐guest type in which a guest molecule is trapped inside a cavity‐containing network formed by the host molecule. The most useful part of the natural gas is the light hydrocarbons that are used as fuels and feed stocks in the petrochemical industry. Clathrate hydrates are very important in the oil and gas industry. The most common method of preventing the formation of clathrate hydrates in oilfield conditions is the use of additives.
Cardiorespiratory Monitoring Data to Predict Respiratory Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants (2023)

<b>Rationale:</b> Immature control of breathing is associated with apnea, periodic breathing, intermittent hypoxemia, and bradycardia in extremely preterm infants. However, it is not clear if such events independently predict worse respiratory outcome. <b>Objectives:</b> To determine if analysis of cardiorespiratory monitoring data can predict unfavorable respiratory outcomes at 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and other outcomes, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA. <b>Methods:</b> The Prematurity-related Ventilatory Control (Pre-Vent) study was an observational multicenter prospective cohort study including infants born at <29 weeks of gestation with continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring. The primary outcome was either "favorable" (alive and previously discharged or inpatient and off respiratory medications/O<sub>2</sub>/support at 40 wk PMA) or "unfavorable" (either deceased or inpatient/previously discharged on respiratory medications/O<sub>2</sub>/support at 40 wk PMA). <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> A total of 717 infants were evaluated (median birth weight, 850 g; gestation, 26.4 wk), 53.7% of whom had a favorable outcome and 46.3% of whom had an unfavorable outcome. Physiologic data predicted unfavorable outcome, with accuracy improving with advancing age (area under the curve, 0.79 at Day 7, 0.85 at Day 28 and 32 wk PMA). The physiologic variable that contributed most to prediction was intermittent hypoxemia with oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry <90%. Models with clinical data alone or combining physiologic and clinical data also had good accuracy, with areas under the curve of 0.84-0.85 at Days 7 and 14 and 0.86-0.88 at Day 28 and 32 weeks PMA. Intermittent hypoxemia with oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry <80% was the major physiologic predictor of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and death or mechanical ventilation at 40 weeks PMA. <b>Conclusions:</b> Physiologic data are independently associated with unfavorable respiratory outcome in extremely preterm infants.
Role of tissue structure in photon migration through breast tissues (1997)

Photon migration has been investigated experimentally in vitro on human breast tissues, bovine liver, tissue phantoms, and theoretically by Monte Carlo simulations and diffusion theory. The spatial intensity profiles have been measured at the output surface of a sample illuminated by a collimated beam. Experimental results have then been compared with simulations that assume the sample to be homogeneous. Measurements on phantoms, i.e., fat emulsion and microspheres suspension, and on liver are in good agreement with theory. On the other hand, the width of the intensity profiles measured on breast tissues (adipose and fibrous) are systematically larger than those measured on phantoms or calculated by simulations. The structure of these samples, not considered in simulations and not present in phantoms, explains these differences.
Does chronic endogenous exposure to neuroactive steroids change receptor sensitivity to allopregnanolone in humans (2011)

We explored the association between baseline gut microbiota (16S rRNA biomarker sequencing of stool samples) in 17 relapsing-remitting pediatric MS cases and risk of relapse over a mean 19.8 months follow-up. From the Kaplan-Meier curve, 25% relapsed within an estimated 166 days from baseline. A shorter time to relapse was associated with Fusobacteria depletion (p=0.001 log-rank test), expansion of the Firmicutes (p=0.003), and presence of the Archaea Euryarchaeota (p=0.037). After covariate adjustments for age and immunomodulatory drug exposure, only absence (vs. presence) of Fusobacteria was associated with relapse risk (hazard ratio=3.2 (95% CI: 1.2-9.0), p=0.024). Further investigation is warranted. Findings could offer new targets to alter the MS disease course.