gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro sepsis induces Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ receptor (NOP) expression in primary human vascular endothelial but not smooth muscle cells (2022)

Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that can cause widespread effects on other organs including cardiovascular depression, hypotension and organ failure. The receptor for Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), NOP is expressed on immune cells and these cells can release the peptide. Exogenous N/OFQ can dilate blood vessels and this peptide is increased in animal and human sepsis. We hypothesise that NOP receptors are present on vascular endothelial cells and therefore provide the target for released N/OFQ to cause vasodilation and hence hypotension. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMC) freshly prepared from umbilical cords and up to passage 4, we assessed NOP mRNA expression by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), NOP surface receptor expression using a fluorescent NOP selective probe (N/OFQATTO594) and NOP receptor function with N/OFQ stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. As an in vitro sepsis mimic we variably incubated cells with 100ng/ml Lipopolysaccharide and Peptidoglycan G (LPS/PepG). HUVECs express NOP mRNA and this was reduced by ~80% (n = 49) after 24-48 hours treatment with LPS/PepG. Untreated cells do not express surface NOP receptors but when treated with LPS/PepG the reduced mRNA was translated into protein visualised by N/OFQATTO594 binding (n = 49). These NOP receptors in treated cells produced an N/OFQ (1μM) driven increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation (n = 20). One (of 50) HUVEC lines expressed NOP mRNA and receptor protein in the absence of LPS/PepG treatment. In contrast, HVSMC expressed NOP mRNA and surface receptor protein (n = 10) independently of LPS/PepG treatment. These receptors were also coupled to ERK1/2 where N/OFQ (1μM) increased phosphorylation. Collectively these data show that an in vitro sepsis mimic (LPS/PepG) upregulates functional NOP expression in the vascular endothelium. Activation of these endothelial receptors as suggested from in vivo whole animal work may contribute to the hypotensive response seen in sepsis. Moreover, blockade of these receptors might be a useful adjunct in the treatment of sepsis.
Secure DS-CDMA spreading codes using fully digital multidimensional multiscroll chaos (2013)

This paper introduces a generalized fully digital hardware implementation of 1-D, 2-D and 3-D multiscroll chaos through sawtooth nonlinearities in a 3rd order ODE with the Euler approximation, wherein low-significance bits pass all NIST SP. 800-22 tests. The low-significance bits show good performance as spreading code for multiple-access DS-CDMA in AWGN and multipath environments, equivalent to Gold codes. This system capitalizes on complex nonlinear dynamics afforded by multi-scroll chaos to provide higher security than conventional codes with the same BER performance demonstrated experimentally on a Xilinx Virtex 4 FPGA with logic utilization less than 1.25% and throughput up to 10.92 Gbits/s.
Deep learning for facial expression recognition: A step closer to a smartphone that knows your moods (2017)

By growing the capacity and processing power of the handheld devices nowadays, a wide range of capabilities can be implemented in these devices to make them more intelligent and user friendly. Determining the mood of the user can be used in order to provide suitable reactions from the device in different conditions. One of the most studied ways of mood detection is by using facial expressions, which is still one of the challenging fields in pattern recognition and machine learning science. Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have been widely used in order to overcome the difficulties in facial expression classification. In this paper it is shown that the classification accuracy is significantly lower when the network is trained with one database and tested with a different database. A solution for obtaining a general and robust network is given as well.
Concurrent rearrangement of phenylimido and alkenyl ligands on a WRu2 metal triangle (1993)

Thermolysis of the phenylimido cluster [WRu2(η-C5Me5)(CO)7(µ3-NPh)(CF3CCHCF3)]1b in refluxing toluene yielded a hydrido–alkyne complex [WRu2(η-C5Me5)(CO)6H(µ-NPh){C2(CF3)2}]4via CO elimination and alkenyl C–H activation. Treatment of 4 with CO in refluxing toluene induced the formation of a second alkenyl complex [WRu2(η-C5Me5)(CO)7(µ-NPh)(CF3CCHCF3)]2b containing a doubly bridging imido ligand and face-bridging alkenyl ligand. This transformation between 4 and 2b is reversible since complex 4 can be regenerated by thermolysis of 2b in toluene. Complexes 4 and 2b were also examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 4: triclinic space group P; a= 10.332(1), b= 17.296(4), c= 18.351(2)Å, α= 110.81(1), β= 106.31(1), γ= 92.46(2)°, Z= 4; final R= 0.026, R′= 0.024 for 6445 reflections with I > 2σ(I). Crystal data for 2b: monoclinic, space group P21/n; a= 11.398(3), b= 22.965(6), c= 11.670(3)Å, β= 99.78(2)°, Z= 4; final R= 0.025, R′= 0.024 for 3526 reflections with I > 2σ(I).
Targeting Bfl-1 via acute CDK9 inhibition overcomes intrinsic BH3-mimetic resistance in lymphomas (2020)

BH3 mimetics like venetoclax target prosurvival Bcl-2 family proteins and are important therapeutics in the treatment of hematological malignancies. We demonstrate that endogenous Bfl-1 expression can render preclinical lymphoma tumor models insensitive to Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 inhibitors. However, suppression of Bfl-1 alone was insufficient to fully induce apoptosis in Bfl-1-expressing lymphomas, highlighting the need for targeting additional prosurvival proteins in this context. Importantly, we demonstrated that cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitors rapidly downregulate both Bfl-1 and Mcl-1, inducing apoptosis in BH3-mimetic-resistant lymphoma cell lines in vitro and driving in vivo tumor regressions in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient-derived xenograft models expressing Bfl-1. These data underscore the need to clinically develop CDK9 inhibitors, like AZD4573, for the treatment of lymphomas using Bfl-1 as a selection biomarker.
Resistivity-Microstructure Relationships in Nickel Base Superalloys Used in Gas Turbine Engines for Power Generation and as Interconnects in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2012)

This report summarizes the results accomplished during this 3-year with funds from this grant. The most important new contribution was the development of a microstructural model, based on analysis of the small angle scattering spectra that can relate the measured electrical resistivity to the precipitate population present in a nickel base superalloy in a quantitative way. A total of 24 research articles were published or were in press at the time the final report was written.
On the connections between range of variable and control structure testing (1975)

This paper discusses the subject of systematic program testing from a software engineering point of view. A number of different software error types are defined to facilitate the analysis of the error detection capability of a software module. It is found that many practical programs are, at best, conditionally Correct. Consequently it is not possible to establish the correctness of such a program even by an exhaustive test of the control structure. Keeping those insights in mind, some applicable techniques for the construction, error treatment and test of practical software systems are presented.
Stabilization and Specification in Polymer Field-Effect Transistor Semiconductors (2022)

The strong and varied chemical interactions between polymer semiconductors and small molecules, and the electronic consequences of these interactions, make polymer organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) attractive as vapor sensing elements. Two hindrances to their wider acceptance and use are their environmental drift and the poor specificity of individual OFETs. Approaches to addressing these two present drawbacks are presented in this Spotlight on Applications. They include the use of semiconducting polymers with greater inherent stability, circuits that add further stability, and arrays that generate patterns that are much more specific to analyte vapors of interest than the individual responses.
Oncolytic Activity of Targeted Picornaviruses Formulated as Synthetic Infectious RNA (2020)

Infectious nucleic acid has been proposed as a superior formulation for oncolytic virus therapy. Oncolytic picornaviruses can be formulated as infectious RNA (iRNA), and their unwanted tropisms eliminated by microRNA (miRNA) detargeting. However, genomic insertion of miRNA target sequences into coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) iRNA compromised its specific infectivity, negating further development as a novel oncolytic virus formulation. To address this limitation, we substituted a muscle-specific miRNA response element for the spacer region downstream of the internal ribosomal entry site in the 5' non-coding region of CVA21 iRNA, thereby preserving genome length while avoiding the disruption of known surrounding RNA structural elements. This new iRNA (R-CVA21) retained high specific infectivity, rapidly generating replicating miRNA-detargeted viruses following transfection in H1-HeLa cells. Further, in contrast with alternatively configured iRNAs that were tested in parallel, intratumoral administration of R-CVA21 generated a spreading oncolytic infection that was curative in treated animals without associated myotoxicity. Moreover, R-CVA21 also exhibited superior miRNA response element stability <i>in vivo</i>. This novel formulation is a promising agent for clinical translation.
Computational investigation of helical traveling wave tube transverse RF field forces (2000)

Electron beam focusing structures are typically designed using beam optics codes primarily based on balancing radial space charge forces from the electron beam, neglecting RF field forces from the slow-wave circuit. The RF field forces of a helical traveling wave tube (TWT) have been calculated using an accurate three-dimensional (3-D) coldest (no electron beam present) circuit model and compared to radial space charge forces to determine their relative significance on electron beam behavior. The forces due to radial, azimuthal and axial RF electric fields at the tube output reach 61, 26, and 132% of radial space charge forces, respectively, at 16 GHz for the device studied. This effect is expected to increase with increased frequency and beam diameter. These results indicate that the RF fields are comparable in magnitude to the focusing fields and have a significant effect on electron beam behavior; their implementation into the beam-focusing design could significantly improve beam transmission near the output of the tube.
Human Washington University Polyomavirus in Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection in Kuwait (2017)

This study enabled us to detect WUV among hospitalized RTI patients. Co-infection with other respiratory viruses was notable. Two circulating WUV genotypes (Ia and IIIb) were identified among hospitalized RTI patients in Kuwait.
Organic Chloramine Analysis and Free Chlorine Quantification by Electrospray and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), together with tandem mass spectrometry (MSn), are used to study the mechanism of chlorination of amines and to develop a method for qualitative and quantitative determination of organic chloramines. Cyclohexylamine and 1,4-butanediamine (putrescine) are used as model compounds to investigate the mechanisms of the reactions between primary aliphatic amines and hypochlorous acid (aqueous Cl2). The chlorination products are identified and characterized by collision-induced dissociation (CID) and H/D exchange. Chlorination occurs by electrophilic addition of Cl+ and may be followed by HCl elimination, hydrolysis, or, in the case of diamines, amine elimination by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution. The relative rates of chlorination at amine and chloramine nitrogens are a function of pH and depend on the basicity of the amine. A novel method for active chlorine quantification using ESI or APCI mass spectrometry is suggested on the basis of the extent of chlorination of a sacrifical amine standard. This measurement has a limit of detection for N-chlorocyclohexylamine in the range of 0.1-10 microM, a linear dynamic range of 10(2)-10(3), and an accuracy of +/-10%, as determined for wastewater samples.
Markers of Fungal Translocation Are Elevated During Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Induce NF-κB Triggered Inflammation (2022)

ABSTRACT Long COVID, a type of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection (PASC), has been associated with sustained elevated levels of immune activation and inflammation. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms that drive this inflammation remain unknown. Inflammation during acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be exacerbated by microbial translocation (from the gut and/or lung) to the blood. Whether microbial translocation contributes to inflammation during PASC is unknown. We found higher levels of fungal translocation – measured as β-glucan, a fungal cell wall polysaccharide – in the plasma of individuals experiencing PASC compared to those without PASC or SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. The higher β-glucan correlated with higher levels of markers of inflammation and elevated levels of host metabolites involved in activating N -Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (such as metabolites within the tryptophan catabolism pathway) with established neuro-toxic properties. Mechanistically, β-glucan can directly induce inflammation by binding to myeloid cells (via the Dectin-1 receptor) and activating Syk/NF-κB signaling. Using an in vitro Dectin-1/NF-κB reporter model, we found that plasma from individuals experiencing PASC induced higher NF-κB signaling compared to plasma from SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. This higher NF-κB signaling was abrogated by the Syk inhibitor Piceatannol. These data suggest a potential targetable mechanism linking fungal translocation and inflammation during PASC.
Semiconductor-metal transition in thin VO2 films grown by ozone based atomic layer deposition (2011)

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has the interesting feature that it undergoes a reversible semiconductor-metal transition (SMT) when the temperature is varied near its transition temperature at 68°C.1 The variation in optical constants makes VO2 useful as a coating material for e.g. thermochromic windows,2 while the associated change in resistivity could be interesting for applications in microelectronics, e.g. for resistive switches and memories.3 Due to aggressive scaling and increasing integration complexity, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is gaining importance for depositing oxides in microelectronics. However, attempts to deposit VO2 by ALD result in most cases in the undesirable V2O5. In the present work, we demonstrate the growth of VO2 by using Tetrakis[EthylMethylAmino]Vanadium and ozone in an ALD process at only 150°C. XPS reveals a 4+ oxidation state for the vanadium, related to VO2. Films deposited on SiO2 are amorphous, but during a thermal treatment in inert gas at 450°C VO2(R) is formed as the first and only crystalline phase. The semiconductor-metal transition has been observed both with in-situ X-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements. Near a temperature of 67°C, the crystal structure changes from VO2(M1) below the transition temperature to VO2(R) above with a hysteresis of 12°C. Correlated to this phase change, the resistivity varies over more than 2 orders of magnitude.
l-Arabinose Isomerase and d-Xylose Isomerase from Lactobacillus reuteri: Characterization, Coexpression in the Food Grade Host Lactobacillus plantarum, and Application in the Conversion of d-Galactose and d-Glucose (2014)

The L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) and the D-xylose isomerase (D-XI) encoding genes from Lactobacillus reuteri (DSMZ 17509) were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The proteins were purified to homogeneity by one-step affinity chromatography and characterized biochemically. L-AI displayed maximum activity at 65 °C and pH 6.0, whereas D-XI showed maximum activity at 65 °C and pH 5.0. Both enzymes require divalent metal ions. The genes were also ligated into the inducible lactobacillal expression vectors pSIP409 and pSIP609, the latter containing a food grade auxotrophy marker instead of an antibiotic resistance marker, and the L-AI- and D-XI-encoding sequences/genes were coexpressed in the food grade host Lactobacillus plantarum . The recombinant enzymes were tested for applications in carbohydrate conversion reactions of industrial relevance. The purified L-AI converted D-galactose to D-tagatose with a maximum conversion rate of 35%, and the D-XI isomerized D-glucose to D-fructose with a maximum conversion rate of 48% at 60 °C.
On-Chip Optical Interconnects Made with Gallium Nitride Nanowires (2013)

In this Letter we report on the fabrication, device characteristics, and optical coupling of a two-nanowire device comprising GaN nanowires with light-emitting and photoconductive capabilities. Axial p-n junction GaN nanowires were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, transferred to a non-native substrate, and selectively contacted to form discrete optical source or detector nanowire components. The optical coupling demonstrated for this device may provide new opportunities for integration of optical interconnects between on-chip electrical subsystems.
Polyquinoxaline Matrix Resins and CompositesAdapted from Polyquinoxaline Matrix Resins and Composites , First Edition. (2012)

Abstract Polyquinoxalines (PQs) are heterocyclic polymers that contain the heteroaromatic benzo [α] pyrazine (quinoxaline) ring along the main chain. They represent an important class of polymers that offer high chemical and thermal stability coupled with high mechanical properties. They are potentially useful as functional resins (e.g., films and coatings) and structural resins (e.g., adhesives and composite matrices) in many applications. In this article, some neat resin properties such as thermal and mechanical properties are presented. The properties of the PQs can be altered by changing the chemical structure of the polymer backbone and also the chemical nature of the pendent group on the quinoxaline ring, and this unique feature provides versatility in designing PQs with an attractive combination of properties for use in specific applications, in particular, matrix resins in fiber‐reinforced composites.
A Wearable CMOS Biosensor with 3 Designs of Energy-Resolution Scalable Time-Based Resistance to Digital Converter (2020)

This paper presents the design and analysis of a wearable CMOS biosensor with three different designs of energy-resolution scalable time-based resistance to digital converters (RDC), targeted towards either minimizing the energy/conversion step or maximizing bit-resolution. The implemented RDCs consist of a 3-stage differential ring oscillator which is current starved with the resistive sensor, a differential to single ended amplifier, an off-chip counter and serial interface. The first design RDC included the basic structure of time-based RDC and targeted low energy/conversion step. The second design RDC aimed to improve the rms jitter/phase noise of the oscillator with help of speed-up latches, to achieve higher bit-resolution as compared to the first design RDC. The third design RDC reduced the power consumption by scaling the technology with the improved phase-noise design, achieving 1-bit better resolution as that of the second design RDC. Using a time-based implementation, the RDCs exhibit energy-resolution scalablity, and consume 861nW with 18-bit resolution in design 1 in TSMC 0.35um technology. Design 2 and 3 consume 19.1uW with 20-bit resolution using TSMC 0.35um, and 17.6uW with 20-bit resolutions using TSMC 0.18um, respectively (both with 10ms read-time, repeated every second). With 30ms read-time, design 3 achieves 21-bit resolution, which is the highest resolution reported for a time-based ADC. The 0.35um time-based RDC is the lowest-power time-based ADC reported, while the 0.18um time-based RDC with speed-up latch offers the highest resolution. The active chip-area for all 3-designs are less than 1.1 mm^2.
Randles Circuit Analysis Toward Investigating Interfacial Effects on Microchannel Electrodes (2018)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, coupled with the employment of microchannels having specific geometric designs, has been shown as a viable methodology for characterizing biological cells in a noninvasive and label-free manner. In this article, we investigate the modulation of the interfacial impedance characteristics of such a system when an electrolyte solution is introduced with the presence and absence of biologic analogs. The systems are studied through the use of simulation and equivalent circuit modeling. Devices were fabricated with and without microchannels in order to evaluate the effects of electric field confinement and demonstrate the significance of geometric design of the microchannel on the measured impedance signals of the system, characterized at the electrode/microchannel interface. These devices were then tested using cell media as the electrolyte solution. Three solutions were used, one without the biologic analog, and solutions of low and high concentrations of the analog.
Photonic crystal disk lasers (2011)

A novel type of nanolasers, which combines the advantages of photonic crystal lasers and microdisk lasers, has been demonstrated based on InAlGaAs/InGaAs quantum wells using pulsed optical pumping at room temperature. It incorporates the properties of small footprint, small mode volume, and submilliwatt threshold, and favors vertical emission. We believe that this type of laser acts as a promising candidate for highly-integrated on-chip nanolasers in applications for signal processing and index sensing.
Modeling the Crystallization of Spherical Nucleic Acid Nanoparticle Conjugates with Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2012)

We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the crystallization of spherical nucleic-acid (SNA) gold nanoparticle conjugates, guided by sequence-specific DNA hybridization events. Binary mixtures of SNA gold nanoparticle conjugates (inorganic core diameter in the 8-15 nm range) are shown to assemble into BCC, CsCl, AlB(2), and Cr(3)Si crystalline structures, depending upon particle stoichiometry, number of immobilized strands of DNA per particle, DNA sequence length, and hydrodynamic size ratio of the conjugates involved in crystallization. These data have been used to construct phase diagrams that are in excellent agreement with experimental data from wet-laboratory studies.
Charge Transfer across the Interface between LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4High-Voltage Cathode Films and Solid Electrolyte Films (2015)

We have carried out a basic study on the charge transfer across the interface between LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) thin-film cathodes and different solid electrolyte coatings, namely LiNbO3, ZrO2 and Li4Ti5O12. In contact to LNMO, the spinel material Li4Ti5O12 should act as a solid electrolyte, since it exhibits a very low electronic conductivity in the fully oxidized state. The thin films were prepared by means of sol-gel chemistry and spin-coating. The electrochemical and interfacial properties were studied by combining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and cross-sectional SEM imaging. The results show that the LNMO / LiNbO3 interface combines a low charge transfer resistance with a high stability.