gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On key distribution via true broadcasting (1994)

We consider true broadcast systems for the secure communication of session keys. These schemes provide for parallel rather than serial construction of broadcast messages, while avoiding selective broadcasting. We begin by introducing a conceptual framework for true broadcasting and illustrate its design with a secure key broadcast scheme based on probabilistic encryption. The framework provides for a system requiring user anonymity, as a result of the absence of addressing for the broadcast message. We also illustrate how Shamir's threshold scheme can be altered to allow for parallel broadcasting. We then present a formal model and use information theoretic techniques to establish a lower bound on the size of the broadcast message for a class of true broadcast schemes. Finally, we improve upon the aforementioned threshold scheme such that it achieves the lower bound.
P‐178: High‐Efficiency Long‐Lifetime Phosphorescent OLED Devices Based on Electron‐Trapping Iridium (III) Complexes (2007)

Abstract We have developed new iridium (III) complexes having coumarin, including its aza‐analogue structure, in their ligands. These Ir complexes are highly emissive with colors ranging from yellow, yellowish‐green to green. Electrochemical analysis shows that the reduction and oxidation potentials of these complexes occur at significantly less negative and more positive potentials, respectively, than are found for typical Ir(III) complexes in OLEDs, indicating these complexes are electron trapping instead of hole trapping. Long‐lived phosphorescent OLEDs fabricated with these new Ir complexes give external quantum and power efficiencies above 18% and 33 lm/W, respectively.
Allele-specific transactivation of matrix metalloproteinase 7 by FOXA2 and correlation with plasma levels in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2012)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex disease with poorly understood etiology. Previously, we reported upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) in both lung and peripheral blood of IPF patients. Here we report evidence for genetic correlation of plasma levels and promoter polymorphisms (rs11568818 and rs11568819) of MMP7 in a well-characterized IPF cohort. Both the AA genotype of rs11568818 and the CT genotype of rs11568819 were found to be significantly associated with higher MMP7 plasma levels. These associations were observed only in IPF patients and not in healthy controls. The G-to-A transition of rs11568818 resulted in a novel binding site for the forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) transcription factor, a key regulator of embryonic lung development and proper function of the mature lung. In vitro, this transition led to increased sensitivity of the MMP7 promoter to FOXA2. In IPF lungs, FOXA2 was localized in the nucleus of epithelial cells that expressed MMP7 in the cytoplasm. These results suggest that increased sensitivity of the polymorphic MMP7 promoter to FOXA2 provides one of the genetic bases for the upregulation of MMP7 in IPF.
Clinical activity, safety, and biomarkers of MPDL3280A, an engineered PD-L1 antibody in patients with locally advanced or metastatic CRC, gastric cancer (GC), SCCHN, or other tumors. (2013)

3622 Background: PD-L1 has been reported to be expressed broadly in human cancer and can lead to inhibition of anti-tumor T-cell responses. MPDL3280A, a human monoclonal antibody containing an engineered Fc-domain designed to optimize efficacy and safety, targets PD-L1, blocking PD-L1 from binding its receptors, including PD-1 and B7.1. Pts with a broad range of tumors were examined in an expansion study with MPDL3280A. Methods: Pts with locally advanced or metastatic tumors received MPDL3280A administered IV q3w. Pts were treated for up to 1 y. Response was assessed by RECIST v1.1. Results: As of Jan 10, 2013, 20 pts with tumor types other than NSCLC, RCC and mM were evaluable for safety and treated at doses of 0.01-20 mg/kg (≤1 [n=3], 3 [n=1], 10 [n=3] and 20 mg/kg [n=13]). Median pt age was 67 y (range 26-80 y), 100% were PS 0-1, 90% had prior surgery and 45% had prior radiotherapy. 95% of pts received prior systemic therapy. Pts received MPDL3280A treatment for a median of 96 days (range 22-330). The incidence of all G3/4 AEs, regardless of attribution, was 50%. No G3-5 pneumonitis or diarrhea was reported. Confirmed RECIST responses were observed in several tumor types, including CRC, GC and SCCHN. Additionally, antitumor activity (tumor shrinkage that has not yet met criteria for a RECIST response) has been observed in sarcoma and lymphoma. Analysis of biomarker data from archival tumors revealed that all pts reported to have RECIST response had baseline tumors that were PD-L1 positive. Updated data will be presented. Conclusions: Treatment with MPDL3280A was well tolerated, with no pneumonitis-related deaths. Rapid responses were observed in pts with CRC, GC and SCCHN. PD-L1 tumor status appears to correlate with responses to MPDL3280A. These data suggest that PD-L1 is a conserved mechanism for mediating tumor immune escape across a range of tumor types. MPDL3280A may be broadly active as anti-cancer therapy in PD-L1–expressing tumors, supporting further investigation. Clinical trial information: NCT01375842.
Phenytoin Clearances in a Compliant Population (1986)

The saturable elimination kinetics of phenytoin (PHT) makes accurate dosing difficult. A simple equation has been derived to predict dosing requirements if one dose--steady-state serum concentration pair is known [new dose = first dose X Cpss (desired)0.2 X Cpss (achieved)-0.2]. This equation is based on an exponential relation between 177 pairs of PHT clearance and steady-state serum concentrations from 59 compliant patients. To evaluate this population clearance method (PCM), patients were drawn from two independent populations (Minnesota and Iowa, U.S.A.). Predicted doses obtained from PCM were compared with predictions from Bayesian, average Vmax, and average Km methods. The Bayesian method was the most precise and least biased of all methods, under- and overpredicting doses in equal frequency. PCM was biased to produce underpredictions. However, clinically achievable doses can be obtained by consistently rounding the calculated dose upward. The mean underprediction for the Bayesian method was 6 mg, for PCM 46 mg, for average Vmax 21 mg, and for average Km 11 mg. PCM is relatively precise, somewhat biased, and very easy to use.
Flip-chip External-cavity Lasers in Si (2017)

We will review recent progress in high-density integration of photonics into switching systems and discuss future approaches to even tighter photonics integration to multi-chip modules and interposers highlighting critical challenges and opportunities.
The Intraosseous Blood Supply of the Canine Radius: Implications for Healing of Distal Fractures in Small Dogs (1997)

The intraosseous vascular anatomy of the radius was studied in 12 pairs of canine cadaver limbs. Six pairs of specimens were obtained from small-breed dogs (less than 6 kg) and six pairs were obtained from large-breed dogs (18 to 30 kg). All specimens were studied after arterial injection with India ink. Samples were fixed, frozen, then sectioned and processed using a modified Spalteholz technique. In all specimens, the intraosseous blood supply arose from the nutrient artery with its associated branches and the metaphyseal arteries. In small-breed dogs, there was decreased vascular density at the distal diaphyseal-metaphyseal junction compared with large-breed dogs. The reduced vascularity corresponded to the region associated with a poor prognosis for fracture healing in small-breed dogs. This regional association suggests that a decreased vascular supply in the distal radius may contribute to a higher frequency of delayed union and nonunion in smaller dogs.
WREF 2012: TARGETING NET ZERO ENERGY AT MARINE CORPS BASE HAWAII, KANEOHE BAY (2012)

In 2008, the U.S. Department of Defense’s U.S. Pacific Command partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to assess opportunities for increasing energy security through renewable energy and energy efficiency at Hawaii military installations. DOE selected Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH), Kaneohe Bay, to receive technical support for net zero energy assessment and planning funded through the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI). NREL performed a comprehensive assessment to appraise the potential of MCBH Kaneohe Bay to achieve net zero energy status through energy efficiency, renewable energy, and hydrogen vehicle integration. This paper summarizes the results of the assessment and provides energy recommendations. The analysis shows that MCBH Kaneohe Bay has the potential to make significant progress toward becoming a net zero installation. Wind, solar photovoltaics, solar hot water, and hydrogen production were assessed, as well as energy efficiency technologies. Deploying wind turbines is the most cost-effective energy production measure. If the identified energy projects and savings measures are implemented, the base will achieve a 96% site Btu reduction and a 99% source Btu reduction. Using excess wind and solar energy to produce hydrogen for a fleet and fuel cells could significantly reduce energy use and potentially bring MCBH Kaneohe Bay to net zero. Further analysis with an environmental impact and interconnection study will need to be completed. By achieving net zero status, the base will set an example for other military installations, provide environmental benefits, reduce costs, increase energy security, and exceed its energy goals and mandates.
MET Suppresses Epithelial VEGFR2 via Intracrine VEGF-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation (2015)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drive cancer through their respective receptors, MET and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). VEGFR2 inhibits MET by promoting MET dephosphorylation. However, whether MET conversely regulates VEGFR2 remains unknown. Here we show that MET suppresses VEGFR2 protein by inducing its endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), via intracrine VEGF action. HGF-MET signaling in epithelial cancer cells promoted VEGF biosynthesis through PI3-kinase. In turn, VEGF and VEGFR2 associated within the ER, activating inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, and thereby facilitating ERAD-mediated depletion of VEGFR2. MET disruption upregulated VEGFR2, inducing compensatory tumor growth via VEGFR2 and MEK. However, concurrent disruption of MET and either VEGF or MEK circumvented this, enabling more profound tumor inhibition. Our findings uncover unique cross-regulation between MET and VEGFR2-two RTKs that play significant roles in tumor malignancy. Furthermore, these results suggest rational combinatorial strategies for targeting RTK signaling pathways more effectively, which has potentially important implications for cancer therapy.
Ribosomal DNA methylation in patients with endometrial carcinoma (2002)

rDNA methylation is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with endometrial carcinoma that may serve to identify women with early-stage disease at who are at high risk for recurrence. Racial differences in DNA methylation may explain the historically observed disparity in survival between African-American patients and Caucasian patients.
Using dependency analysis to predict fault dictionary effectiveness (2002)

A case study was performed to determine how fault isolation ambiguity groups for electronic systems can be predicted. The baseline method for fault isolation was the fault dictionary based on fault simulation. Several predictors were investigated: a simplified fault dictionary with a detect limit of only 1, dependency analysis, and intersections of cones of logic that feed erroneous outputs. Dependency analysis (based on a hierarchical logic model) and the simplified fault dictionary both produced fault isolation statistics that closely approximated those of the full fault dictionary. Cones of logic did not generate useful fault isolation results.
PRESAS: Block-Structured Preconditioning of Iterative Solvers within a\n Primal Active-Set Method for fast MPC (2019)

Model predictive control (MPC) for linear dynamical systems requires solving\nan optimal control structured quadratic program (QP) at each sampling instant.\nThis paper proposes a primal active-set strategy (PRESAS) for the efficient\nsolution of such block-sparse QPs, based on a preconditioned iterative solver\nto compute the search direction in each iteration. Rank-one factorization\nupdates of the preconditioner result in a per-iteration computational\ncomplexity of $\\mathcal{O}(N m^2)$, where $m$ denotes the number of state and\ncontrol variables and $N$ the number of control intervals. Three different\nblock-structured preconditioning techniques are presented and their numerical\nproperties are studied further. In addition, an augmented Lagrangian based\nimplementation is proposed to avoid a costly initialization procedure to find a\nprimal feasible starting point. Based on a standalone C code implementation, we\nillustrate the computational performance of PRESAS against current state of the\nart QP solvers for multiple linear and nonlinear MPC case studies. We also show\nthat the solver is real-time feasible on a dSPACE MicroAutoBox-II rapid\nprototyping unit for vehicle control applications, and numerical reliability is\nillustrated based on experimental results from a testbench of small-scale\nautonomous vehicles.\n
Liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid at medium-high temperatures: multiple benefits of CO2-expanded liquids (2010)

The Co/Mn/Br catalyzed oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid (TPA) is demonstrated in CO2-expanded solvents at temperatures lower than those of the traditional Mid-Century (MC) process. As compared with the traditional air (N2/O2) oxidation system, the reaction with CO2/O2 mixture at 160 °C and using an additional inert gas (N2 or CO2) pressure of 100 bar increases both the yield of TPA and the purity of solid TPA via a more efficient conversion of the intermediates, 4-carboxybenzaldehyde and p-toluic acid. At the same time, the amount of yellow colored by-products in the solid TPA product is also lessened, as determined by spectroscopic analysis. Equally important, the decomposition or burning of the solvent, acetic acid, monitored in terms of the yield of the gaseous products, CO and CO2, is reduced by ca. 20% based on labeled CO2 experiments. These findings broaden the versatility of this new class of reaction media in homogeneous catalytic oxidations by maximizing the utilization of feedstock carbon for desired products while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions.
Systematic Comparison of Respiratory Signals for the Automated Detection of Sleep Apnea (2018)

Sleep apnea is one of the most common sleep disorders. It is characterized by the cessation of breathing during sleep due to airway blockages (obstructive sleep apnea) or disturbances in the signals from the brain (central sleep apnea). The gold standard for diagnosing sleep apnea is performing an overnight polysomnography recording which contains, among others, a wide array of respiratory signals. Respiration information can also be extracted from other physiological signals such as an electrocardiogram or from a bio-impedance measurement on the chest. Studies have shown that algorithms can be developed for automated sleep apnea detection using one of these many respiratory signals. In this work, the predictive power of these different respiratory signals is analyzed and compared. The results provide useful insights into the comparative predictive power of the different respiratory signals in a realistic setting for automated sleep apnea detection and provide a basis for the development of less obtrusive measurement techniques.
Nonspatial filter for laser beams (1996)

A nonspatial filter was developed to perform the same task as a traditional pinhole or fibre spatial filter: the filtering of spatial frequencies in laser beams. However, the new filter operates directly in a laser beam without focusing it. This makes it possible to eliminate many of the alignment instabilities and laser power limitations of spatial filters. The new filter is based on the Bragg selectivity of thick holograms. Two-dimensional filtering requires insertion of two different holograms in the light path. The requirements which holograms must satisfy, as well as those imposed on a holographic material to reach a bandwidth of about 10-3—10-4 rad for the angular selectivity contour amounting, are considered. Standard holographic materials are unsuitable for this application because of differential shrinkage during processing, which limits the maximum attainable Bragg angular selectivity. A new 'porous' holographic material is developed which is heterogeneous: it consists of a porous silicate matrix impregnated with a photosensitive medium. Calculations and experiments show that it is an ideal material for our task and it satisfies the necessary requirements: its thickness is several millimetres or more, it does not shrink, it makes it possible to attain the necessary refractive index modulation, etc. Potential applications of such highly selective filters are wide: they can be used to 'clean up' conventional laboratory and industrial laser beams, they can be mounted inside laser cavities for filtering of spatial frequencies and mode selection, they are promising for spectroscopy and correction of corrupted wavefronts, etc.
Imaging the effect of acoustically induced cavitation bubbles on the generation of shear-waves by ultrasonic radiation force (2009)

In soft solids, the acoustic radiation force on bubbles generates a shear wave. This bubble-based shear wave can be imaged using high frame rate ultrasound imaging. We report here an experiment where cavitation is induced in a tissue mimicking material by an ultrasonic tone-burst excitation, which also pushes the bubbles. The generated shear wave was imaged and the energy backscattered by the bubbles measured. The tone burst excitation was iterated at the same location and the decrease of both the amplitude of the particle velocity induced by the shear wave and the backscattered energy was shown. Data treatment to extract the bubbles' contribution to this two quantities, and a simple theoretical model allowed us to point out their linear dependence.
Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]tin(IV) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The title mol­ecule, [Sn(C8H3F6)4], lies on a twofold rotation axis with the SnIV ion in a distorted tetra­hedral coordination environment. Both –CF3 groups attached to one of the unique benzene rings are disordered over two sets of sites, with the ratios of refined occupancies being 0.719 (14):0.281 (14) and 0.63 (5):0.37 (5). &lt;/p&gt;
Fabrication and operation of indented angelfish bubble-domain shift register (1972)

A clear-view bubble-domain shift register with an angelfish pattern sputter etched into the surface of orthoferrite platelets was fabricated and its operation was demonstrated. For a typical Gd-orthoferrite platelet ∼ 70 μm thick, shift register operation was realized with triangles etched to a depth of ∼ 6 μm with an edge gradient of ∼ 1.3. Specimen preparation and device operation are described.
A Real-Time Continuous Flow Polymerase Chain Reactor for DNA Expression Quantification (2007)

Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an extremely sensitive and reliable method for quantifying gene expression, allowing subtle shifts in gene expression to be easily monitored. Currently, stationary real-time PCR is readily achieved using fluorescent labels which increase in fluorescence as the DNA is exponentially amplified. Quantitative PCR is used in a myriad of applications. However currently most commercial real-time PCR devices are batch process stationary well based systems, limiting their throughput. Continuous flow microfluidic PCR devices have allowed for advancement in terms of improved PCR throughput and reduced reagent usage. As part of an overall total analysis system a device integrating all the functional steps of continuous flow realtime quantitative PCR has been designed and fabricated. Initially the PCR reaction mixture is segmented into nano-litre PCR reactors which are then thermally cycled on a two temperature fifty cycle flow-through PCR device, which allows laser induced fluorescent imaging of the nanoreactors. Previous studies into continuous flow PCR have demonstrated endpoint fluorescent measurements, however this research allows PCR nanoreactors to be fluorescently monitored after every PCR thermal cycle. Fluorescent optical monitoring is achieved through laser excitation of the nanoreactors while a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) camera is used to record the fluorescent emissions from the nanoreactors. Intensity analysis of the recorded images is then preformed using MATLAB to accurately determine the fluorescence intensity level, thereby allowing real-time quantitative amplification curves to be generated. This has major advantages over existing continuous flow PCR devices which use endpoint fluorescence and capillary electrophoresis, as the amplification curves allow far more information to be gleaned and allow the initial DNA template concentration to be accurately determined.
Isolation, Growth, and Characterization of Human Renal Epithelial Cells Using Traditional and 3D Methods (2012)

The kidney is a highly heterogeneous organ that is responsible for fluid and electrolyte balance. Much interest is focused on determining the function of specific renal epithelial cells in humans, which can only be accomplished through the isolation and growth of nephron segment-specific epithelial cells. However, human renal epithelial cells are notoriously difficult to maintain in culture. This chapter describes the isolation, growth, immortalization, and characterization of the human renal proximal tubule cell. In addition, we describe new paradigms in 3D cell culture which allow the cells to maintain more in vivo-like morphology and function.
Special-Use Names Problem Statement (2016)

The Special-Use Domain Names registration policy in RFC 6761 has been
shown through experience to present unanticipated challenges. This
memo presents a list, intended to be comprehensive, of the problems
that have been identified. In addition it reviews the history of
Domain Names and summarizes current IETF publications and some
publications from other standards organizations relating to special-
use domain names. [ Ed note: John Levine suggested we use 'Domain
Names' instead of 'Internet Names'; this is the only change
between -03 and -04. Please let us know which term you prefer. ]
Bias-induced diversity-detection (BIDD) technique for robust transmission of subcarrier-multiplexed channels (2003)

We demonstrate CD and PMD robust SCM. The modulator is low-biased, and we have diversity from first and second harmonics. We reduce the CD fading from 40 to <6-dB, and the 5% PMD tail fading from 40 to <12-dB.
Polymerization and photoinitiation behavior in the light‐cured dental composite resins (1992)

Abstract The polymerization behavior and photoinitiation process in the visible light‐cured dental composite resins were studied using ESR and IR spectroscopies. The concentration of methacryl propagating radical corresponded to the transmittance of irradiated light. While the radical was stable and long‐lived in the cured resin, its concentration quickly decreased in the oral cavity due to the ventilation of atmospheric oxygen accompanied by respiration. Camphorquinone radical in the presence of tertiary amine easily initiated the radical polymerization. A decrease in monomer consumption was explained by the inhibition effect of oxygen in the photoinitiation process. Post‐curing by the residual radical proceeded effectively in the deeper part of the resin.