gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High Injection Resonant Cavity Violet Light Emitting Diode Incorporating (Al,Ga)N Distributed Bragg Reflector (2001)

A vertical cavity violet LED has been designed and implemented which includes an optical resonator composed of an in-situ grown GaN/AlGaN DBR and a high reflectivity dielectric mirror. The structure incorporates an intracavity lateral current spreading layer based on a p ++ /n ++ InGaN/GaN tunnel junction. Electroluminescence shows directional emission, with modal line-widths as narrow as 0.6 nm.
LODES: Local Density Meets Spectral Outlier Detection (2016)

The problem of outlier detection has been widely studied in existing literature because of its numerous applications in fraud detection, medical diagnostics, fault detection, and intrusion detection. A large category of outlier analysis algorithms have been proposed, such as proximity-based methods and local density-based methods. These methods are effective in finding outliers distributed along linear manifolds. Spectral methods, however, are particularly well suited to finding outliers when the data is distributed along manifolds of arbitrary shape. In practice, the underlying manifolds may have varying density, as a result of which a direct use of spectral methods may not be effective. In this paper, we show how to combine spectral techniques with local density-based methods in order to discover interesting outliers. We present experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach with respect to well-known competing methods.
Optimizing a kidney stress test to evaluate renal functional reserve (2016)

We found no difference between 1 and 2 g/kg body weight PL to elicit sGFR. RST may be useful to predict susceptibility and risk of developing acute kidney injury and/or progression to chronic kidney disease. RST uncovers the possible loss of renal functional mass when this condition is not manifested clinically. Further studies are needed to set this hypothesis.
Power Efficient Discontinuous Reception in THz and mmWave Wireless\n Systems (2019)

Discontinuous reception (DRX), where a user equip-ment (UE) temporarily\ndisables its receiver, is a critical power saving feature in modern cellular\nsystems. DRX is likely tobe particularly aggressively used in the mmWave and\nTHzfrequencies due to the high front end power consumption. A keychallenge of\nDRX in these frequencies is that individual links are directional and highly\nsusceptible to blockage. MmWave and THz UEs will therefore likely need to\nmonitor multiple cells in multiple directions to ensure continuous reliable\nconnectivity.This work proposes a novel, heuristic algorithm to dynamically\nselect the cells to monitor to attempt to optimally trade-off link reliability\nand power consumption. The paper provides preliminary estimates of connected\nmode DRX mode consumption using detailed and realistic statistical models of\nblockers at both 28 and 140 GHz. It is found that although blockage dynamics\nare faster at 140 GHz, reliable connectivity at low power can be maintained\nwith sufficient macro-diversity and link prediction\n
The zebrafish--Danio rerio--is a useful model for measuring the effects of small-molecule mitigators of late effects of ionizing irradiation. (2013)

The zebrafish is cost-effective for screening new radiation countermeasures.
Continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients (2001)

Acute renal failure is an evolving syndrome in which new pathogenetic mechanisms have recently been elucidated. The evolution of the field of haemodialysis has led to a parallel development in the therapeutic approach to patients suffering from this syndrome. In particular, acute renal failure is more frequently seen as part of a more complex syndrome, defined as multiple organ failure. In this clinical setting, patients are almost inevitably confined to intensive care units and sepsis is a frequent underlying mechanism of organ failure. The use of new devices and new machines, together with a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of solute and water removal, have allowed us to achieve higher levels of efficiency and clinical tolerance during artificial renal replacement therapy. The first objective has been reached by increasing the automation of the extracorporeal circuits and the operational levels of the different techniques; the second has been achieved by means of a new generation of monitoring techniques and new machines equipped with specific interfaces and alarms. This progress has made continuous forms of renal replacement (CRRT) possible and easy to perform without major problems or complications. The most promising and effective options for treating acute renal failure in critically ill patients are today offered by continuous renal replacement therapies. Classic indications, but also alternative non-renal indications, have been proposed for these techniques. The most advanced indication is the multiple organ dysfunction occurring in septic patients. The possible removal of proinflammatory mediators may permit a blockade of the systemic inflammation, a modulation of the altered immune response in these patients, and it may lead to a partial or total restoration of the lost homeostasis.
Development of transparent ceramic Ce-doped gadolinium garnet gamma spectrometers (2012)

Transparent polycrystalline ceramic scintillators based on the garnet structure and incorporating gadolinium for high stopping power are being developed for use in gamma spectrometers. Optimization of energy resolution for gamma spectroscopy involves refining the material composition for high stopping and high light yield, developing ceramics fabrication methodology for material homogeneity, as well as selecting the size and geometry of the scintillator to match the photodetector characteristics and readout electronics. We have demonstrated energy resolution of 4% at 662 keV for 0.05 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> GYGAG(Ce) ceramics with photodiode readout, and 4.9% resolution at 662 keV for 18 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> GYGAG(Ce) ceramics and PMT readout. Comparative gamma spectra acquired with GYGAG(Ce) and NaI(TI) depict the higher resolution of GYGAG(Ce) for radioisotope identification applications. Light yield nonproportionality of garnets fabricated following different methods reveal that the fundamental shapes of the light yield dependence on energy are not intrinsic to the crystal structure, but may instead depend on trap state distributions. With exposure to 9 MeV Brehmsstrahlung radiation, we also find that GYGAG(Ce) ceramics exhibit excellent radiation hardness.
Human astrocytoma: Serum-mediated immunologic response (1974)

An in vitro microcytotoxicity assay has been used to study the humoral immune response to human astrocytomas. Sera of 17 of 26 patients with these tumors produced significant cytotoxicity when tested against allogeneic astrocytoma cells. The cytotoxic response was found to occur both preoperatively and postoperatively without obvious relationship to the histologic grade of the patient's tumor. Three of 46 sera from normal controls and 1 of 12 sera from patients with non-neoplastic nervous system diseases were also cytotoxic in this test. Sera from each of 3 patients with non-astrocytic neuroectodermal tumors were significantly cytotoxic, while none of 4 serums from meningioma patients was positive. These results indicate that a humoral immunologic response directed against antigens present on the astrocytoma cell surface occurs in most astrocytoma patients. The use of this microcytotoxicity assay may prove helpful in the preoperative diagnosis of this tumor. Cancer 33:1512–1519, 1974.
Ad hoc networking with directional antennas: a complete system solution (2004)

In this paper, we present UDAAN ("utilizing directional antennas for ad hoc networking"), which is an interacting suite of modular network- and MAC-layer mechanisms for adaptive control of steered or switched antenna systems in an ad hoc network. UDAAN consists of several new mechanisms - a directional power-controlled MAC, neighbor discovery with beamforming, link characterization with directional antennas, proactive routing and forwarding all working cohesively to provide the first complete systems solution. We describe the development of a real-life ad hoc network testbed using UDAAN with switched directional antennas, and we discuss the lessons learned during field trials. High fidelity simulation results, using the same networking code as in the prototype, are also presented. For the range of parameters studied, our results show that UDAAN can produce up to a factor-of-10 improvement in throughput over omni-directional communications.
The fabrication of suspended micromechanical structures from bulk 6H-SiC using an ICP-RIE system (2006)

We have successfully fabricated freestanding single-crystal 6H-SiC cantilevers of several microns size using bulk micromachining with an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching system. We have also used these SiC cantilever structures to measure Young's modulus through the use of an atomic force microscope. The measurements were performed on a series of 13 µm thick and 20 µm wide cantilevers with lengths ranging from 100 µm to 350 µm. The average measured Young's modulus of 441 GPa is in excellent agreement with the documented values in the literature.
Advanced Water Distribution Modeling and Management (2003)

Peer Review Board Lee Cesario (Denver Water), Robert M. Clark (U.S. EPA), Jack Dangermond (ESRI), Allen L. Davis (CH2M Hill), Paul DeBarry (Borton-Lawson), Frank DeFazio (Franklin G. DeFazio Corp.), Kevin Finnan (Bristol Babcock), Wayne Hartell (Bentley Systems), Brian Hoefer (ESRI), Bassam Kassab (Santa Clara Valley Water District), James W. Male (University of Portland), William M. Richards (WMR Engineering), Zheng Wu (Bentley Systems ), and E. Benjamin Wylie (University of Michigan)
Posttraumatic Posterior Tibialis Tendon Insertional Elongation with Functional Incompetency: A Case Report (1998)

We present a case report and literature review of distal intrasubstance rupture of the posterior tibial tendon with progressive pes planovalgus secondary to tendon incompetence. Three months after a severe ankle sprain, a 25-year-old basketball player presented with ankle weakness and pain. Treatment by advancement of the posterior tibial tendon to the navicular and medial displacement osteotomy of the calcaneal tuberosity restored alignment, strength, and full function.
Effective dielectric constant of periodic composite structures (1993)

Using a plane-wave-expansion method, we obtained expressions for the effective dielectric constants of composite periodic dielectric materials as the long-wavelength limit of the photonic-band-structure problem. The effective dielectric constants of several classes of photonic-band-gap structures are computed and we found that in the long-wavelength limit, they can be isotropic, uniaxial, or biaxial, depending on the symmetry of the structure under consideration. We also found that the scalar wave approximation gives poor results for effective dielectric constants while the Maxwell-Garnett theory offers very good approximations in the low-filling-ratio regimes.
Incoherent-to-coherent Conversion Via Photorefractive Fan-out and Two-wave Mixing (1992)

Abstract We report a novel scheme for an incoherent-to-coherent converter by means of the selective erasure of the random dynamic gratings created by the beam-fanning process in BaTiO3. Furthermore, the spatial resolution properties of a two-wave mixing incoherent-to-coherent converter are discussed in the geometrical limit, and using the two-dimensional two-wave mixing theory.
Etude et optimisation de la stabilité thermique du silicure et du beol intermédiaire pour l'intégration 3D séquentielle (2017)

The 3D sequential integration is a smart alternative to planar device scaling. In this integration, the stacked transistors are processed sequentially, thus implying the reduction of the top thermal budget processes in order to preserve the bottom levels. For the FDSOI technology, the maximum thermal budget is set at 500 °C, 2 h. Despite the work done to reduce the thermal budget of the FDSOI processes, it is difficult to comply with this limit, as for example for the epitaxial raised source and drain which would need a thermal budget limit relaxation. In the frame of this Ph.D work, the thermal stability of the FDSOI transistors and the intermediate Back-End-Of-Line have been studied and optimized. The FDSOI transistor silicide has been identified as the most sensitive element to the thermal budget. Its degradation imply the access resistance degradation and favor the diffusion of the silicide into the channel. For this purpose, the Ni0.90Co0.10 silicide has been studied. To increase its thermal stability up to 600 °C, 2 h, two enhancers have been integrated: the pre-amorphization implant and the integration of a silicon capping over the Si0.70Ge0.30 source and drain. The effects of these enhancers on the thermal stability have been analyzed and understood. In addition to those, the Ni0.90Co0.10 has been integrated for the first time on 14 nm node FDSOI transistors. This first attempt is positive: identical performances on pMOS transistors have been obtained with Ni0.90Co0.10 silicide compare to Ni0.85Pt0.15 silicide, which is studied since the 2000’s. However, the improvement of thermal stability is not yet achieved on FDSOI transistors with Ni0.90Co0.10 silicide. Concerning the stability of the intermediate BEOL, the stability of dielectrics has first been studied and characterized by ellipsometry, FTIR and ellipsometric–porosimetry. Thus, insulating/barrier pairs have been defined for each thermal budget between 500 °C and 600 °C, 2 h. The metal lines have been studied using a 28nm node layout. Due to its limited contaminant characteristic, tungsten has been analyzed in addition to copper. Both materials show a good thermal stability: 500 °C, 2 h for copper and 550 °C, 5 h for tungsten despite the higher resistivity of tungsten. A factor 6 has been measured between these two materials. The resistance of a tungsten line has been improved by the integration of a new barrier. Finally, the state of the art Back-End-Of-Line dielectric reliability, the porous SiOCH, has been studied, function of the thermal budget, in structure integrated tungsten metal lines. In these conditions, the dielectric lifetime is estimated at 1e16 years. Despite its reduction due to thermal budget at 600 °C, 2 h (1e7 years), the tungsten lifetime estimation remains higher than the one obtained with copper lines without thermal budget.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE LIGNAN (.+‐.)‐DEOXYSCHIZANDRIN (1978)

Abstract Die im Titel genannte Verbindung (VI) entsteht in einer S‐Stufen‐Reaktion auf dem angegebenen Weg.
Status of Antiplatelet Drugs in Coronary Heart Disease (1979)

A RECENT report suggesting prevention of cardiac death after myocardial infarction in patients given sulfinpyrazone<sup>1</sup>has renewed interest in antiplatelet drugs within the medical profession. During the last few years, it has become clear that blood platelets are involved in arterial and venous obstruction and in the origin of smooth-muscle hypertrophy and possibly atherogenesis. If altered platelet function is related to the pathogenesis of coronary disease and subsequent cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the use of antiplatelet drugs in patients with coronary heart disease would be rationalized. Our purpose is to review information on the role of platelets in coronary artery disease and to show how antiplatelet drugs might affect platelet function and thereby influence coronary vascular disease. <h3>Role of Platelet Function in Coronary Artery Disease</h3> In animal models of myocardial ischemia induced by experimental coronary narrowing, platelet aggregates appear within a short time in coronary vessels.<sup>2,3</sup>These aggregates
RNA Editing in Chloroplasts of Spirodela polyrhiza, an Aquatic Monocotelydonous Species (2015)

RNA editing is the post-transcriptional conversion from C to U before translation, providing a unique feature in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we used a robust and efficient method based on RNA-seq from non-ribosomal total RNA to simultaneously measure chloroplast-gene expression and RNA editing efficiency in the Greater Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, a species that provides a new reference for the phylogenetic studies of monocotyledonous plants. We identified 66 editing sites at the genome-wide level, with an average editing efficiency of 76%. We found that the expression levels of chloroplast genes were relatively constant, but 11 RNA editing sites show significant changes in editing efficiency, when fronds turn into turions. Thus, RNA editing efficiency contributes more to the yield of translatable transcripts than steady state mRNA levels. Comparison of RNA editing sites in coconut, Spirodela, maize, and rice suggests that RNA editing originated from a common ancestor.
Ectopic Adrenocortical Tissue Along the Spermatic Cord (1984)

The subject of ectopic adrenal tissue along the spermatic cord is reviewed in respect of incidental finding during operation for undescended testis. The condition is probably more common than previously reported and embryology and clinical implications are briefly discussed. Nodules consisting of aberrant adrenal tissue should be removed whenever incidentally detected, but a routine search for them is not mandatory.
Cyanobacterial phycobilisomes. Phycocyanin assembly in the rod substructures of anabaena variabilis phycobilisomes. (1981)

Phycocyanin complexes with "linker" polypeptides (Lundell, D. J., Williams, R. C., and Glazer, A. N. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3580-3592) of 27 and 32.5 kilodaltons have been isolated from dissociated Anabaena variabilis phycobilisomes. In 0.05 M phosphate at pH 7.0, these "trimeric" complexes have the molar composition (alpha beta)3 . 27,000 and (alpha beta)3 . 32,500, where alpha and beta are the subunits of phycocyanin and 27,000 and 32,500 denote single copies of the linker polypeptides. The (alpha beta)3 . 27,000 and (alpha beta)3 . 32,500 complexes have lambda max at 638 and 629 nm and fluorescence emission maxima at 651 and 646 nm, respectively. In 0.6 M phosphate at pH 8.0, the (alpha beta)3 . 27,000 complex forms an (alpha beta)6 . 27,000 disc-shaped aggregate as seen in the electron microscope, whereas the (alpha beta)3 . 32,500 complex forms discs, (alpha beta)6 . 32,500, and stacked disc rods of varying lengths. The former material, containing the 27,000 polypeptide, when mixed with the (alpha beta)6 . 32,500 discs, limits their assembly into rods. The spectroscopic properties of the discs and rods assembled in vitro indicate that energy transfer in phycobilisome rod substructures proceeds from (alpha beta)6 . 32,500 discs to the (alpha beta)6 . 27,000 disc proximal to the core and thence to the core.
Bidirectional Photoresponse of Surface Pretreated Azobenzene Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks (2009)

We report on the photodriven, polarization-controlled response of UV-pretreated azobenzene-based liquid crystal polymer networks (azo- LCN) of polydomain orientation to higher wavelength CW argon-ion laser light (Ar(+)) of 457-514 nm. The significant absorbance of the azo-LCN cantilever in the UV is used to form an approximately 1 microm thick cis-isomer rich skin. Subsequent exposure to the Ar(+) laser drives a bidirectional bending process that is the result of two distinguishable photochemical processes. First, 457-514 nm laser light (regardless of polarization state) drives cis-trans photoisomerization of the UV-pretreated surface, restoring the order of the azobenzene liquid crystalline moieties. Mechanically, the cis-trans process results in an expansion on the exposed surface that forces the cantilever to undergo a rapid bend away from the laser source. Once a sufficient number of trans-azobenzene moieties are regenerated, continued Ar(+) illumination promotes both the trans-cis and cis-trans processes enabling trans-cis-trans reorientation. In this particular system and conditions, trans-cis-trans reorientation enables polarization controlled mechanical bending of different angles towards the Ar(+) source. Photomechanical responses of UV-pretreated azo-LCN demonstrate the viability of photogenerated effects in UV-rich environments such as space.
Across state lines: Fulminant Babesia microti infection in a liver transplant recipient (2017)

The potential for transmission of Babesia microti by blood transfusion is well recognized. Physicians may be unaware that products used for transfusion may be collected from geographically diverse regions. We describe a liver transplant recipient in South Carolina who likely acquired B. microti infection from a unit of blood collected in Minnesota.
Basis Prediction Networks for Effective Burst Denoising with Large Kernels (2019)

Bursts of images exhibit significant self-similarity across both time and space. This motivates a representation of the kernels as linear combinations of a small set of basis elements. To this end, we introduce a novel basis prediction network that, given an input burst, predicts a set of global basis kernels -- shared within the image -- and the corresponding mixing coefficients -- which are specific to individual pixels. Compared to state-of-the-art techniques that output a large tensor of per-pixel spatiotemporal kernels, our formulation substantially reduces the dimensionality of the network output. This allows us to effectively exploit comparatively larger denoising kernels, achieving both significant quality improvements (over 1dB PSNR) and faster run-times over state-of-the-art methods.
DYRK1A Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for β-Cell Regeneration for Diabetes (2021)

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 422 million people are suffering from diabetes worldwide. Current diabetes therapies are focused on optimizing blood glucose control to prevent long-term diabetes complications. Unfortunately, current therapies have failed to achieve glycemic targets in the majority of people with diabetes. In this context, regeneration of functional insulin-producing human β-cells in people with diabetes through the use of DYRK1A inhibitor drugs has recently received special attention. Several small molecule DYRK1A inhibitors have been identified that induce human β-cell proliferation <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo.</i> Furthermore, DYRK1A inhibitors have also been shown to synergize β-cell proliferation with other classes of drugs, such as TGFβ inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. In this perspective, we review the status of DYRK1A as a therapeutic target for β-cell proliferation and provide perspectives on technical and scientific challenges for future translational development.