gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐Resolution Lithography for High‐Frequency Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2023)

Abstract Organic thin‐film transistors are field‐effect transistors comprising a semiconductor in the form of a thin, typically polycrystalline layer of conjugated organic molecules. Since organic transistors can often be fabricated at temperatures no higher than about 100 °C, they are potentially useful for flexible, large‐area electronics applications. An important performance parameter of organic transistors is the transit frequency, which is the highest frequency at which the transistors can be operated. The transit frequency of organic transistors is determined in large part by the channel length and the parasitic gate‐to‐source and gate‐to‐drain overlap lengths. How small these dimensions can be made depends (at least in the case of transistors fabricated in the lateral device architecture) greatly on the resolution of the lithography method that is utilized for the patterning of the gate electrodes and the source and drain contacts. Patterning methods that have yielded organic transistors with lateral dimensions sufficiently small to provide transit frequencies above 10 MHz include photolithography, laser lithography, stencil lithography, and electron‐beam lithography. In this review, these four lithography methods and their roles in the fabrication of high‐frequency organic transistors, as well as their prospects for future improvements in the dynamic performance of organic transistors, will be illuminated.
Extended performance GeSn/Si(100) p-i-n photodetectors for full spectral range telecommunication applications (2009)

First-generation n-i-GeSn/p-Si(100) photodiode detectors with Ge0.98Sn0.02 active layers were fabricated under complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatible conditions. It is found that, even at this low Sn concentration, the detector quantum efficiencies are higher than those in comparable pure-Ge device designs processed at low temperature. Most significantly, the spectral range of the GeSn device responsivity is dramatically increased—to at least 1750 nm—well beyond the direct band gap of Ge (1550 nm). This allows coverage of all telecommunication bands using entirely group IV materials.
Practical and theoretical considerations in the application in the development of clinical gait analysis. (1998)

A system for clinical gait analysis must provide meaningful data, unique information (not available from a simpler physical examination) and have an acceptable cost to benefit ratio. While the treatment of a number of musculoskeletal conditions could benefit from clinical gait analysis, the scope of its usage to date has been limited. Traditional approaches to analyze the motion of the underlying joints have relied upon small markers at specific body locations. Measurements from skin-based markers often contain unwanted skin movement and only represent an approximation to the underlying skeletal movement. Ideally, complete six-degreeof-freedom movement of the underlying bony segments provides the most information. However, the ability to resolve detailed joint movement, from markers placed on the skin is limited. The problem becomes even more difficult with obese patients. Given the limitation of motion measurements derived from skin-based markers, can the kinematic and kinetic data provide meaningful clinical information? The purpose of this presentation is to examine the clinical usage of gait analysis in terms of its limitations associated with current technology by addressing the issues of precision, clinical applicability and practicality. This analysis will focus on the knee joint.
Efficient Conversion of Biginelli 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one to Pyrimidines via PyBroP-Mediated Coupling (2005)

An efficient two-step procedure is described to convert the Biginelli 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one to various multifunctionalized pyrimidines via the Kappe dehydrogenation and a new mild PyBroP-mediated coupling with C, N, O, and S nucleophiles, which provides a readily accessible multifunctionalized pyrimidine template for diversity-oriented synthesis.
Strategies to improve poor seed germination in Stevia rebaudiana, a low calorie sweetener (2013)

Expanding cultivation of exotic ‘stevia’ in mid- and low-hill areas of Himachal Pradesh, India, is difficult because of the problem of low seed fertility. The objectives of the present study were to devise strategies to produce fertile seed. Two distinct compatible morphotypes were isolated, which when used in pollination produced fertile seeds, whereas self-pollination always resulted in sterile seed set, indicating sporophytic self-incompatibility in the species. To obtain fertile seeds, a mixed population of compatible genotypes should be raised. Although sporophytic chromosome numbers ranging from 22 to 70 are reported in literature, both the morphotypes investigated had only 22 chromosomes but differed on the basis of leaf shape, shoot collar diameter, plant type (compact or loose) and stevioside/rebaudioside A content.

	 

	Key words: Stevia rebaudiana, chromosome number, pollination, stevioside, rebaudioside A.
Figure S5 from MFF Regulation of Mitochondrial Cell Death Is a Therapeutic Target in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Preclinical activity of MFF targeting&lt;/p&gt;
Assessment of the high‐dose concept and level of control provided by MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean against Anticarsia gemmatalis and Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil (2012)

The MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean provides a high level of control against A. gemmatalis and P. includes, but a high-dose event only to A. gemmatalis.
Three-Dimensional Thin Film for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors (2014)

Three-dimensional heterogeneously nanostructured thin-film electrodes were fabricated by using Ta2O5 nanotubes as a framework to support carbon-onion-coated Fe2O3 nanoparticles along the surface of the nanotubes. Carbon onion layers function as microelectrodes to separate the two different metal oxides and form a nanoscale 3-D sandwich structure. In this way, space-charge layers were formed at the phase boundaries, and it provides additional energy storage by charge separation. These 3-D nanostructured thin films deliver both excellent Li-ion battery properties (stabilized at 800 mAh cm(–3)) and supercapacitor (up to 18.2 mF cm(–2)) performance owing to the synergistic effects of the heterogeneous structure. Thus, Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors are successfully assembled into the same electrode, which is promising for next generation hybrid energy storage and delivery devices.
Negotiating Team Formation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2020)

When autonomous agents interact in the same environment, they must often cooperate to achieve their goals. One way for agents to cooperate effectively is to form a team, make a binding agreement on a joint plan, and execute it. However, when agents are self-interested, the gains from team formation must be allocated appropriately to incentivize agreement. Various approaches for multi-agent negotiation have been proposed, but typically only work for particular negotiation protocols. More general methods usually require human input or domain-specific data, and so do not scale. To address this, we propose a framework for training agents to negotiate and form teams using deep reinforcement learning. Importantly, our method makes no assumptions about the specific negotiation protocol, and is instead completely experience driven. We evaluate our approach on both non-spatial and spatially extended team-formation negotiation environments, demonstrating that our agents beat hand-crafted bots and reach negotiation outcomes consistent with fair solutions predicted by cooperative game theory. Additionally, we investigate how the physical location of agents influences negotiation outcomes.
Angular limitations of polymer-based waveguide holograms for 1-to-many V-shaped surface-normal optical interconnects (1994)

Experimental results of 1-to-2 intraplane and of 1-to-32 interplane V-shaped fanouts are delineated. Coupling efficiencies of 48% for surface-normal and of 45% for near-surface-normal interplane fanout beams are theoretically and experimentally confirmed. The influence of the angular fluctuation of a device having two multiplexed waveguide holograms with film thickness of 15 μm and index modulation of 0.04 is studied. The angle between the two grating vectors is determined to be less than 26° to keep the near-surface-normal fanout beams.
A GaN Based Four-Port Flying Capacitor Multilevel Converter (2021)

In this paper, Flying Capacitor Multilevel converter (FCML) topology is used to develop a novel GaN-based four-port multilevel converter. The proposed four-port converter can be used in a variety of applications such as ACgrid integration with Photovoltaic (PV), Energy Storage (ES), and Electric Vehicle (EV). A 5. 7kW prototype with four ports (three DC ports and an AC port) connected through three 4-level FCML conversion paths (one DC-AC path and two identical DC-DC paths) The DC-AC path is capable of processing power of 1.7 kW and incorporates an unfolder for the DC-AC conversion. The DC-AC path has achieved a maximum efficiency of 98.2% with voltage and current Total Harmonic Distortion of 0.78% and 0.71%, respectively. Each of the other two DC-DC paths are capable of processing power of a 2kW and have achieved a peak efficiency of 99.43%.
Tuberculosis Screening, Testing, and Treatment of U.S. Health Care Personnel: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2019 (2019)

The 2005 CDC guidelines for preventing Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in health care settings include recommendations for baseline tuberculosis (TB) screening of all U.S. health care personnel and annual testing for health care personnel working in medium-risk settings or settings with potential for ongoing transmission (1). Using evidence from a systematic review conducted by a National Tuberculosis Controllers Association (NTCA)-CDC work group, and following methods adapted from the Guide to Community Preventive Services (2,3), the 2005 CDC recommendations for testing U.S. health care personnel have been updated and now include 1) TB screening with an individual risk assessment and symptom evaluation at baseline (preplacement); 2) TB testing with an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) or a tuberculin skin test (TST) for persons without documented prior TB disease or latent TB infection (LTBI); 3) no routine serial TB testing at any interval after baseline in the absence of a known exposure or ongoing transmission; 4) encouragement of treatment for all health care personnel with untreated LTBI, unless treatment is contraindicated; 5) annual symptom screening for health care personnel with untreated LTBI; and 6) annual TB education of all health care personnel.
Degradation of Landfill Leachate Using UV-TiO2 Photocatalysis Combination with Aged Waste Reactors (2021)

This study explored the performance of TiO2 nanoparticles in combination with aged waste reactors to treat landfill leachate. The optimum conditions for synthesis of TiO2 were determined by a series of characterizations and removal rates of methyl orange. The effect of the ultraviolet irradiation time, amount of the catalyst, and pH on the removal efficiency for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color in the leachate was explored to determine the optimal process conditions, which were 500 min, 4 g/L and 8.88, respectively. The removal rates for COD and chroma under three optimal conditions were obtained by the single factor control method: 89% and 70%; 95.56% and 70%; and 85% and 87.5%, respectively. Under optimal process conditions, the overall average removal rates for ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N) and COD in the leachate for the combination of TiO2 nanoparticles and an aged waste reactor were 98.8% and 32.5%, respectively, and the nitrate (NO3−–N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2–N) concentrations were maintained at 7–9 and 0.01–0.017 mg/L, respectively. TiO2 nanoparticles before and after the photocatalytic reaction were characterized by emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. In addition, TiO2 nanoparticles have excellent recyclability, showing the potential of the photocatalytic/biological combined treatment of landfill leachate. This simulation of photocatalysis-landfilling could be a baseline study for the implementation of technology at the pilot scale.
Cortical responses to contours, texture and sparseness: an fMRI investigation. (2004)

Purpose: To determine the extent at which the cortical responses to images is driven by contours, texture or sparseness. Methods: Functional and anatomical images were acquired with a Siemens Sonata 1.5T MRI. The stimuli consisted of natural images, which were binarized to ensure identical contrast properties across all stimulus conditions. From this image set, two new image sets were created by setting half of the full binary images to mean luminance according to the energy of a bank of local oriented Gabor filters (peak s.f. ∼40 cycles/image). Thus, three set of images were used: 1) full binary natural images and trinary natural images containing minimal (2) or maximal (3) local oriented structure, corresponding to contour and texture information in the images, respectively. The different stimulus conditions were alternated in a block design. During each block, subjects performed 2IFC contrast-discrimination tasks on two stimuli of the same condition. This task focused and maintained the subjects' attention. Both stereotaxic and a region of interest analysis on visual areas (V1 to V3A/V4v) were performed, the latter were identified in a separate scanning session. Results and Discussion: FMRI responses in early visual areas (V1) were largest for the full images, which may correspond to the amount of energy present. In higher visual areas (beyond V3/VP), however, the fMRI response was strongest to the images containing mainly contours, which may indicate a sparse code for contours.
Efficient free fatty acid production in engineered Escherichia coli strains using soybean oligosaccharides as feedstock (2015)

To be competitive with current petrochemicals, microbial synthesis of free fatty acids can be made to rely on a variety of renewable resources rather than on food carbon sources, which increase its attraction for governments and companies. Industrial waste soybean meal is an inexpensive feedstock, which contains soluble sugars such as stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, glucose, galactose, and fructose. Free fatty acids were produced in this report by introducing an acyl-ACP carrier protein thioesterase and (3R)-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase into E. coli. Plasmid pRU600 bearing genes involved in raffinose and sucrose metabolism was also transformed into engineered E. coli strains, which allowed more efficient utilization of these two kinds of specific oligosaccharide present in the soybean meal extract. Strain ML103 (pRU600, pXZ18Z) produced ~1.60 and 2.66 g/L of free fatty acids on sucrose and raffinose, respectively. A higher level of 2.92 g/L fatty acids was obtained on sugar mixture. The fatty acid production using hydrolysate obtained from acid or enzyme based hydrolysis was evaluated. Engineered strains just produced ~0.21 g/L of free fatty acids with soybean meal acid hydrolysate. However, a fatty acid production of 2.61 g/L with a high yield of 0.19 g/g total sugar was observed on an enzymatic hydrolysate. The results suggest that complex mixtures of oligosaccharides derived from soybean meal can serve as viable feedstock to produce free fatty acids. Enzymatic hydrolysis acts as a much more efficient treatment than acid hydrolysis to facilitate the transformation of industrial waste from soybean processing to high value added chemicals.
Single-mode 3kW ytterbium fiber amplifier with diffraction-limited divergence in all-fiber format and compact modular package (2021)

We report 3kW test data of Single-Mode (SM) Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier with diffraction-limited divergence for narrow linewidth seed sources in compact modular package with all-fiber format. Measured M<sup>2</sup> values of output beam in full power range are &lt; 1.1. The fiber amplifier has been pumped by direct laser diodes and has 3m output delivery cable terminated with IPG connector. The fiber amplifier in modular package has &ge; 40% wall-plug efficiency and 15nm spectral bandwidth in 1055-1070nm wavelength range. The amplifier operates up to 3kW at linewidths of 60GHz and 30GHz with polarized and depolarized seed sources respectively. The amplifier data and non-linear SBS, SRS and MI effects are discussed for different input linewidth and test conditions.
Examining the ethics of school-based mindfulness programs (2023)

School-based mindfulness programs (SBMPs) are gaining prevalence in K-12 schools, yet little is known about how they foster students’ ethical development. Using a qualitative content analysis this study examined how three SBMP curricula promoted ethical literacy. The primary ethical frame was Care/Compassion with little evidence of Justice/Fairness and Rights. The main Prosocial Motivation was Perspective-Taking. The primary curricular tool used was Reflection, with Skills and Knowledge used to a lesser extent. Social-emotional learning domains differed across the curricula, but Responsible Decision-Making was least prevalent across all. Explicit terms related to morals/ethics were scarce. The emphasis on relational-related ethical frames and motivations represents a shift toward a more nuanced view of moral development that represents a dynamic interplay between self and other marked by compassion and empathy.
An Anatomical Atlas-Based Method for fNIRS Imaging of the Rhesus Macaque (2012)

An anatomical atlas-based method for rhesus monkey brain imaging is presented. Numerical simulation, phantom experiment, and animal studies show that the method is computation-efficient in the generation and registration of 3D image findings.
In vitro thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile mechanical circulatory support systems: Design and proof‐of‐concept (2021)

Thrombogenic complications are a main issue in mechanical circulatory support (MCS). There is no validated in vitro method available to quantitatively assess the thrombogenic performance of pulsatile MCS devices under realistic hemodynamic conditions. The aim of this study is to propose a method to evaluate the thrombogenic potential of new designs without the use of complex in-vivo trials. This study presents a novel in vitro method for reproducible thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile MCS systems using low molecular weight heparinized porcine blood. Blood parameters are continuously measured with full blood thromboelastometry (ROTEM; EXTEM, FIBTEM and a custom-made analysis HEPNATEM). Thrombus formation is optically observed after four hours of testing. The results of three experiments are presented each with two parallel loops. The area of thrombus formation inside the MCS device was reproducible. The implantation of a filter inside the loop catches embolizing thrombi without a measurable increase of platelet activation, allowing conclusions of the place of origin of thrombi inside the device. EXTEM and FIBTEM parameters such as clotting velocity (α) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) show a total decrease by around 6% with a characteristic kink after 180 minutes. HEPNATEM α and MCF rise within the first 180 minutes indicate a continuously increasing activation level of coagulation. After 180 minutes, the consumption of clotting factors prevails, resulting in a decrease of α and MCF. With the designed mock loop and the presented protocol we are able to identify thrombogenic hot spots inside a pulsatile pump and characterize their thrombogenic potential.
Association Studies of Genetic Variation in the WFS1 Gene and Type 2 Diabetes in U.K. Populations (2002)

Mutations in the WFS1 gene cause beta-cell death, resulting in a monogenic form of diabetes known as Wolfram syndrome. The role of variation in WFS1 in type 2 diabetes susceptibility is not known. We sequenced the WFS1 gene in 29 type 2 diabetic probands and identified 12 coding variants. We used 152 parent-offspring trios to look for familial association; the R allele at residue 456 (P = 0.04) and the H allele at residue 611 (P = 0.05) as well as the R456-H611 haplotype (P = 0.032) were overtransmitted to affected offspring from heterozygous parents. In a further cohort of 327 type 2 diabetic subjects and 357 normoglycemic control subjects, the H611 allele and the R456-H611 haplotype were present in more type 2 diabetic subjects than control subjects (one-tailed P = 0.06 and P = 0.023, respectively). In a combined analysis, the H611 allele was present in 60% of all diabetes chromosomes and 55% of all control chromosomes (odds ratio [OR] 1.24 [95% CI 1.03-1.48], P = 0.02), and the R456-H611 haplotype was significantly more frequent in type 2 diabetic subjects than in control subjects (60 vs. 54%, OR 1.29 [95% CI 1.08-1.54], P = 0.0053). Our results provide the first evidence that variation in the WFS1 gene may influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
Indirect adaptive model predictive control and its application to uncertain linear systems (2020)

Summary We consider constrained systems that are represented by uncertain models with unknown constant or slowly varying parameters. We propose an indirect adaptive model predictive control (IAMPC) approach where the prediction model can be adjusted during controller operation by a separately designed estimator that satisfies only a minimal set of assumptions. The controller guarantees constraint satisfaction despite the uncertainty in the parameters by means of a robust control invariant set, and input‐to‐state stability with respect to the estimation error by means of an appropriately designed method for adjusting the IAMPC prediction model and cost function based on the evolution of the parameter estimate. The controller has minimal computational overhead with respect to a nominal MPC and for the special case of uncertain linear systems, we obtain a constructive design procedure for the IAMPC which only solves quadratic programs during closed‐loop control.
Experiment investigation of nonlinear distortion in QAM constellation due to imbalance in intradyne coherent receiver (2012)

We experimentally investigate the nonlinear distortion in QAM constellation due to the imbalance detection in intradyne coherent receivers. The nonlinear distortion causes symbol spread, especially in the outer and inner symbols in the reconstructed constellation.
L/S-band 140 W push-pull power AlGaAs/GaAs HFETs for digital cellular base stations (2002)

An L/S-band high-power and low-distortion AlGaAs/GaAs HFET amplifier has been developed. The amplifier employed two pairs of pre-matched GaAs chips mounted on a single package and the total output-power was combined in push-pull configuration with a microstrip balun circuit. The developed amplifier demonstrated state-of-the-art performance of 140 W output-power with 11.5 dB linear gain at 2.2 GHz. In addition, it exhibited extremely low distortion performance, which is suitable for digital cellular base station system applications.
Transactions of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons (1979)

Linscheid, Ronald L. M.D.Editor(s): BLUESTONE, RODNEY M.B., M.R.C.P. Author Information