gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanofibrous photocatalysts from electrospun nanocapsules (2017)

We present the design of multicompartment metal oxide/silica nanofibrous photocatalysts by colloid-electrospinning and subsequent calcination. During the calcination process, silica nanomaterials are cemented to form the fibrous framework and metal oxide precursors are crystallized inside and onto the fibers. This multicompartment nanofibrous structure, constructed with nanoparticles and core-shell nanocapsules, is therefore beneficial for the separation of the materials and the light utilization due to the multiple reflections and scattering of incident light in the cavities. The photocatalytic activity of the fibers was verified by the successful degradation of a model dye rhodamine B. This synthetic methodology is a universal approach for the fabrication of nanomaterials with hierarchical hollow structures, which are emerging in energy and environmental related applications.
Combinatorial assessments of brain tissue metabolomics and histopathology in rodent models of human immunodeficiency virus infection (2013)

Metabolites are biomarkers for a broad range of central nervous system disorders serving as molecular drivers and byproducts of disease pathobiology. However, despite their importance, routine measures of brain tissue metabolomics are not readily available based on the requirements of rapid tissue preservation. They require preservation by microwave irradiation, rapid freezing or other methods designed to reduce post mortem metabolism. Our research on human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection has highlighted immediate needs to better link histology to neural metabolites. To this end, we investigated such needs in well-studied rodent models. First, the dynamics of brain metabolism during ex vivo tissue preparation was shown by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in normal mice. Second, tissue preservation methodologies were assessed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and immunohistology to measure metabolites and neural antigens. Third, these methods were applied to two animal models. In the first, immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes then acutely infected with HIV-1. In the second, NOD scid IL2 receptor gamma chain knockout mice were humanized with CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells and chronically infected with HIV-1. Replicate infected animals were treated with nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART). Results from chronic infection showed that microgliosis was associated with increased myoinostitol, choline, phosphocholine concentrations and with decreased creatine concentrations. These changes were partially reversed with nanoART. Metabolite responses were contingent on the animal model. Taken together, these studies integrate brain metabolomics with histopathology towards uncovering putative biomarkers for neuroAIDS.
Pituitary Disease in AIP Mutation-Positive Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenoma (FIPA): A Kindred-Based Overview (2020)

Clinically-relevant pituitary adenomas occur in about 1:1000 of the general population, but only about 5% occur in a known genetic or familial setting. Familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA) are one of the most important inherited settings for pituitary adenomas and the most frequent genetic cause is a germline mutation in the <i>aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein</i> (<i>AIP</i>) gene. <i>AIP</i> mutations lead to young-onset macroadenomas that are difficult to treat. Most are growth hormone secreting tumors, but all other secretory types can exist and the clinical profile of affected patients is variable. We present an overview of the current understanding of <i>AIP</i> mutation-related pituitary disease and illustrate various key clinical factors using examples from one of the largest <i>AIP</i> mutation-positive FIPA families identified to date, in which six mutation-affected members with pituitary disease have been diagnosed. We highlight various clinically significant features of FIPA and <i>AIP</i> mutations, including issues related to patients with acromegaly, prolactinoma, apoplexy and non-functioning pituitary adenomas. The challenges faced by these <i>AIP</i> mutation-positive patients due to their disease and the long-term outcomes in older patients are discussed. Similarly, the pitfalls encountered due to incomplete penetrance of pituitary adenomas in <i>AIP-</i>mutated kindreds are discussed.
Data from Identification of GATA3 as a Breast Cancer Prognostic Marker by Global Gene Expression Meta-analysis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a transcriptional activator highly expressed by the luminal epithelial cells in the breast. Here we did a meta-analysis of the available breast cancer cDNA data sets on a cohort of 305 patients and found that GATA3 was one of the top genes with low expression in invasive carcinomas with poor clinical outcome. To validate its prognostic utility, we did a tissue microarray analysis on a cohort of 139 consecutive invasive carcinomas (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 417 tissue samples) immunostained with a monoclonal antibody against GATA3. Low GATA3 expression was associated with higher histologic grade (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), positive nodes (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002), larger tumor size (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03), negative estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001 for both), and HER2-neu overexpression (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03). Patients whose tumors expressed low GATA3 had significantly shorter overall and disease-free survival when compared with those whose tumors had high GATA3 levels. The hazard ratio of metastasis or recurrence according to the GATA3 status was 0.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.74; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009). Cox multivariate analysis showed that GATA3 had independent prognostic significance above and beyond conventional variables. Our data suggest that immunohistochemical analysis of GATA3 may be the basis for a new clinically applicable test to predict tumor recurrence early in the progression of breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11259-64)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Surface Modification of 4340 Steel with Iron Aluminides Using High-Energy-Density Processes (2004)

We applied the Luria and Delbruck fluctuation test to analyze high-frequency changes in the phenotype of rat cells transformed by a plasmid carrying the polyomavirus middle T (pmt) gene. All of the transformed cell lines analyzed were capable of switching to the normal state with rates ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-2) per cell per generation. Analysis of both middle T antigen and middle T transcripts indicated that the reversion occurred by a mechanism involving a transcriptional block of the pmt locus. Cell lines containing two separate loci reverted with a lower rate, suggesting that phenotypic switching in these cells involved two independent events affecting each locus. The flat revertants mutated to the transformed state with rates in the range of 10(-5) to 5 X 10(-5) per cell per generation. To determine whether changes in pmt expression would affect neighboring sequences, we transfected a hybrid plasmid carrying pmt linked to the neo marker and selected either for morphological transformants or for G418-resistant cells. Although their coordinate regulation was not absolute, both genes were usually subject to the same changes, reflected by loss and reacquisition of transcriptional activity.
Method and system for reducing metadata overhead in a two-tier storage architecture (2023)

Example embodiments of the present invention relate to a method, a system, and a computer program product for maintaining dynamically loadable namespaces. The method includes presenting, to an application, a file system having a global single namespace (SN) comprising a plurality of dynamically-loadable namespaces (DLNs) maintained in a capacity tier (CT) of object storage of a storage system. In response to a job submitted by the application, dynamically loading a first dynamically-loadable namespace, including the metadata only for the first dynamically-loadable namespace, associated with the job from the capacity tier of object storage into a fast tier (FT) of storage of the storage system.
Analyses of a 1-layer neuromorphic network using memristive devices with non-continuous resistance levels (2019)

The emerging nonvolatile memory technology of redox-based resistive switching (RS) devices is not only a promising candidate for future high density memories but also for computational and neuromorphic applications. In neuromorphic as well as in memory applications, RS devices are configured in nanocrossbar arrays, which are controlled by CMOS circuits. With those hybrid systems, brain-inspired artificial neural networks can be built up and trained by using a learning algorithm. First works on hardware implementation using relatively large and high current level RS devices are already published. In this work, the influence of small and low current level devices showing noncontinuous resistance levels on neuromorphic networks is studied. To this end, a well-established physical-based Verilog A model is modified to offer continuous and discrete conduction. With this model, a simple one-layer neuromorphic network is simulated to get a first insight and understanding of this problem using a backpropagation algorithm based on the steepest descent method.
Upper and lower bounds on the F5S–F bond energy (1979)

The upper and lower bounds for the F5S-F bond energy based on the chemiluminescent reaction of SF6 with metastable Ca and Sr atoms are reported. These observations were made under single-collision conditions. AIP
Use of Ultrathin Shell Microcapsules of Hepatocytes in Bioartificial Liver-Assist Device (2003)

We previously encapsulated hepatocytes in ultrathin shell microcapsules and showed them to have enhanced differentiated functions over cells cultured in monolayer. Here we have used these microencapsulated hepatocytes in a bioartificial liver-assisted device (BLAD) with a rat hepatectomy model. Primary rat hepatocytes were encapsulated in 150- to 200-microm microcapsules, using an electrostatic droplet generator. The microencapsulated hepatocytes exhibited good in vitro urea synthesis activity in plasma from rats with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). The ex vivo hemoperfusion was conducted in FHF rats by perfusing plasma at a rate of 1-2 mL/min through 1.5-2 x 10(8) encapsulated hepatocytes packed into a packed-bed bioreactor. Hemoperfusion with the bioreactor was initiated 5 h after operative induction of liver failure and continued for 7 h. The BLAD-treated rats showed improvements over the control groups in survival time and metabolic indicators, including ammonia and total bilirubin levels. Furthermore, expanded bed adsorption (EBA) detoxification technology using Streamline-SP resin was explored to complement the bioreactor with microencapsulated hepatocytes. In vitro experiments indicated that serum ammonia could be specifically removed in dose-dependent manner, whereas the total serum proteins were unaffected by the resin. In ex vivo experiments, hemoperfusion with the resin was initiated 3 h after operative induction of liver failure and continued for 7 h. The resin-treated rats showed obvious serum ammonia removal with no observable total blood protein and blood cell adsorption. Therefore, Streamline-SP resin can potentially be integrated into a BLAD for improved efficacy.
HyperfIltration due to Amino and Keto Acid Supplements of Low-Protein Diets: Influence on Creatinine Clearance (1987)

In 12 male 5/6 nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats we analyzed the influence of commercially available amino/keto acid supplements on creatinine clearance. The addition of different supplements to an 8% protein diet resulted in an increase of creatinine clearance. Keto acids per se do not seem to cause a remarkable increase in creatinine clearance/hyperfiltration. Our data underline the importance of the protein content of a low-protein diet and the composition of amino/keto acid supplements, as these factors per se can cause hyperfiltration and might accelerate progression of chronic renal failure.
Emotional Responses to Changing Feedback: Is It Better to Have Won and Lost Than Never to Have Won At All? (2002)

Two experiments investigated how self-esteem guides people's emotional responses to changing evaluative feedback. In both experiments, participants received an initial evaluation (either positive or negative) followed by a second evaluation (either positive or negative). Emotional reactions to the second evaluation were then assessed. High self-esteem participants found feedback that was consistently negative to be most distressing, whereas low self-esteem participants were most disturbed by feedback that changed from positive to negative. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Morphology, order, light transmittance, and water vapor permeability of aluminum‐coated polypropylene zeolite composite films (2010)

Abstract In this study, the polypropylene–zeolite composite films having 2–6 wt % natural zeolite were coated with a thin film of aluminum (Al) by magnetron sputtering, and the contribution of the Al coating on film properties was investigated. The samples were characterized by EDX, X‐ray diffraction, SEM, AFM, UV–visible spectroscopy, and water vapor permeation analyses. The surface of the films coated with a smooth Al film having 98–131 nm thickness. EDX revealed that Al percentage on the surface appeared to be as 8–10 wt % indicating contribution of polymer surface under Al film to analysis. XRD analysis showed that the grain size of Al at the surface was 22–29 nm. The surface roughness increased after Al‐coating process. The transmission of coated films was very low for both UV and visible regions of the light spectrum. Permeation analysis indicated that water vapor permeation was lower for Al‐coated material. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Repulsive and attractive Casimir forces in a glide-symmetric geometry (2008)

We describe a three-dimensional geometry in which both attractive and repulsive Casimir forces arise using ordinary metallic materials, as computed via an exact numerical method (no uncontrolled approximations). The geometry consists of a zipperlike, glide-symmetric structure formed of interleaved metal brackets attached to parallel plates---because of the interleaving pattern, a net repulsive force can arise from a combination of attractive interactions. Depending on the separation, the perpendicular force between the plates and brackets varies from attractive (large separations) to repulsive (intermediate distances) and back to attractive (close separations), with one point of stable equilibrium in the perpendicular direction. This geometry was motivated by a simple intuition of attractive interactions between surfaces, and so we also consider how a rough proximity-force approximation of pairwise attractions compares to the exact calculations.
Fundamental immune–oncogenicity trade-offs define driver mutation fitness (2022)

Missense driver mutations in cancer are concentrated in a few hotspots<sup>1</sup>. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain this skew, including biased mutational processes<sup>2</sup>, phenotypic differences<sup>3-6</sup> and immunoediting of neoantigens<sup>7,8</sup>; however, to our knowledge, no existing model weighs the relative contribution of these features to tumour evolution. We propose a unified theoretical 'free fitness' framework that parsimoniously integrates multimodal genomic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic data into a biophysical model of the rate-limiting processes underlying the fitness advantage conferred on cancer cells by driver gene mutations. Focusing on TP53, the most mutated gene in cancer<sup>1</sup>, we present an inference of mutant p53 concentration and demonstrate that TP53 hotspot mutations optimally solve an evolutionary trade-off between oncogenic potential and neoantigen immunogenicity. Our model anticipates patient survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas and patients with lung cancer treated with immunotherapy as well as the age of tumour onset in germline carriers of TP53 variants. The predicted differential immunogenicity between hotspot mutations was validated experimentally in patients with cancer and in a unique large dataset of healthy individuals. Our data indicate that immune selective pressure on TP53 mutations has a smaller role in non-cancerous lesions than in tumours, suggesting that targeted immunotherapy may offer an early prophylactic opportunity for the former. Determining the relative contribution of immunogenicity and oncogenic function to the selective advantage of hotspot mutations thus has important implications for both precision immunotherapies and our understanding of tumour evolution.
An original electroenzymatic system: Flavin reductase‐riboflavin for the improvement of dehydrogenase‐based biosensors. Application to the amperometric detection of lactate (1997)

Abstract The electropolymerization of a flavin reductase (Fre) – amphiphilic pyrrole ammonium mixture previously adsorbed on the electrode surface provides an efficient bioelectrode for the amperometric detection of NADH and NADPH. The bioelectrode response was based on the oxidation at −;0.1 V vs. SCE of the enzymically generated dihydroriboflavin. The sensitivity and detection limit of the bioelectrode were 29 mAM −1 cm −2 and 0.2 μM for NADH and 15.8 mAM −1 cm −2 and 0.4 μM for NADPH. The coimmobilization of Fre and a lactate dehydrogenase leads to a dehydrogenase‐based bioelectrode for the determination of lactate in the presence of riboflavin and NAD + . With laponite additives into the polypyrrole host matrix, the sensitivity and the detection limit of the bioelectrode for lactate are 11.7 mAM −1 cm −2 and 1 μM respectively. Owing to the negative value of the applied potential for the oxidation of riboflavin, the response of the bienzyme electrode remains insensitive to interferents like ascorbate, urate and acetaminophen.
Experimental Study on Bluff Body Drag Reduction with Fluidic Oscillators (2014)

In this study fluidic oscillators are examined for separation control purposes over base flaps attached to a three-dimensional bluff body which resembles the rectangular shape of a tractor-trailer model. Fluidic oscillators continuously emit a high velocity jet which is spatially oscillating along the flaps’ span at high frequency. These flow control actuators successfully prevent flow separation over the base flaps, thereby significantly reducing the model’s drag. Even when accounting for an overestimated momentum input, the total drag is reduced by 16% without any system or setup optimization. It was found that the drag reduction improves when increasing the flaps’ length at a constant actuation level. Furthermore, a larger spacing between adjacent actuators reduces the minimal momentum input required to attach the flow. Instead of the momentum coefficient, the velocity ratio governs the actuation intensity for changing actuator spacing. A velocity ratio of five yields the most efficient results. Some qualitative flow field observations demonstrate the actuators’ effectiveness in preventing flow separation over the entire flap. Additionally, vortical structures are observed in the vicinity of the jets’ exit, which are suggested to be the reason for the oscillators’ superior performance.
Sensus: a security-conscious electronic polling system for the Internet (2002)

Presents the design and implementation of Sensus, a practical, secure and private system for polling (conducting surveys and elections) over computer networks. Expanding on the work of Fujioka, Okamoto and Ohta (1993), Sensus uses blind signatures to ensure that only registered voters can vote and that each registered voter only votes once, while at the same time maintaining voters' privacy. Sensus allows voters to verify independently that their votes were counted correctly and to anonymously challenge the results should their votes be miscounted. We outline seven desirable properties of voting systems and show that Sensus satisfies these properties well, in some cases better than traditional voting systems.
Determination of the Ratio ofb-Quark Fragmentation Fractionsfs/fdinppCollisions ats=7  TeVwith the ATLAS Detector (2015)

With an integrated luminosity of 2.47 fb(-1) recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, the exclusive decays B(s)(0)→J/ψϕ and B(d)(0)→J/ψK(*0) of B mesons produced in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV are used to determine the ratio of fragmentation fractions f(s)/f(d). From the observed B(s)(0)→J/ψϕ and B(d)(0)→J/ψK(*0) yields, the quantity (f(s)/f(d))[B(B(s)(0)→J/ψϕ)/B(B(d)(0)→J/ψK(*0))] is measured to be 0.199±0.004(stat)±0.008(syst). Using a recent theory prediction for [B(B(s)(0)→J/ψϕ)/B(B(d)(0)→J/ψK(*0))] yields (f(s)/f(d))=0.240±0.004(stat)±0.010(syst)±0.017(th). This result is based on a new approach that provides a significant improvement of the world average.
Cognitive Predictors of Donepezil Therapy Response in Alzheimer Disease (2007)

The tests that most reliably predicted response to donepezil in AD subjects were in the domains of visual-spatial motor abilities and lexical-semantic functioning.
In vitro DNA dependent synthesis of globin RNA sequences from erythroleukemic cell chromatin (1979)

Murine erythroleukemic cells in culture accumulate cytoplasmic globin mRNA during differentiation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)1. Chromatin was prepared from DMSO induced erythroleukemic cells that were transcribing globin RNA in order to determine whether in vitro synthesis of globin RNA sequences was possible from chromatin. RNA was synthesized in vitro using 5-mercuriuridine triphosphate and exogenous Escheria coli RNA polymerase. Newly synthesized mercurated RNA was purified from endogenous chromatin associated RNA by affinity chromatography on a sepharose sulfhydryl column, and the globin RNA sequence content of the mercurated RNA was assayed by hybridization to cDNA globin. The synthesis of globin RNA sequences was shown to occur and to be sensitive to actinomycin and rifampicin and insensitive to alpha-amanitin. In contrast, synthesis of globin RNA sequence synthesis was not detected in significant amounts from chromatin prepared from uninduced erythroleukemic cells, nor from uninduced cell chromatin to which globin RNA was added prior to transcription. Isolated RNA:cDNA globin hybrids were shown to contain mercurated RNA by affinity chromatography. These results indicated that synthesis of globin RNA sequences from chromatin can be performed by E. coli RNA polymerase.
Epitaxial Growth of DNA-Assembled Nanoparticle Superlattices on Patterned Substrates* (2020)

DNA-functionalized nanoparticles, including plasmonic nanoparticles, can be assembled into a wide range of crystalline arrays via synthetically programmable DNA hybridization interactions. Here authors demonstrate that such assemblies can be grown epitaxially on lithographically patterned templates, eliminating grain boundaries and enabling fine control over orientation and size of assemblies up to thousands of square micrometers. The assembly of well-ordered, 3D, isotropic, optically active materials has been an important goal in the photonic crystal and metamaterials communities for many years. Plasmonic nanoparticles have been assembled a variety of different ways using DNA-based approaches. Typical Programmable atom equivalent superlattices have grain sizes of a few hundred nanometers up to 1–2 µm and form polycrystalline aggregates with uncontrollable edges, sizes, and orientations.