gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative Fluence Compensation and Spectral Unmixing for Spectroscopic Photoacoustic Imaging (2021)

An iterative fluence compensation and spectral unmixing algorithm for spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging (SPA) is described. The algorithm focuses on solving the optical inverse problem. It employs optical prior knowledge of tissues, leverages a Monte Carlo simulator for fluence estimation, and assumes a linear mixed model for absorption, scattering, and anisotropy. After an initial guess of the tissue composition, the algorithm sequentially estimates the light fluence, solves for tissue concentrations in spectral unmixing, and updates the optical parameters iteratively until the estimated initial pressure converges to the measurement. The algorithm was validated in simulation, where ground truth data was synthesized from an in vivo study of prostate cancer on mice model. Performance of the algorithm and the scenario without fluence compensation was compared, and the convergence and the precision of the algorithm are reported.
Adaptive Processing of User-Defined Aggregates in Jaql. (2011)

Adaptive techniques can dramatically improve performance and simplify tuning for MapReduce jobs. However, their implementation often requires global coordination between map tasks, which breaks a key assumption of MapReduce that mappers run in isolation. We show that it is possible to preserve faulttolerance, scalability, and ease of use of MapReduce by allowing map tasks to utilize a limited set of highlevel coordination primitives. We have implemented these primitives on top of an open source distributed coordination service. We expose adaptive features in a high-level declarative query language, Jaql, by utilizing unique features of the language, such as higher-order functions and physical transparency. For instance, we observe that maintaining a small amount of global state could help improve performance for a class of aggregate functions that are able to limit the output based on a global threshold. Such algorithms arise, for example, in Top-K processing, skyline queries, and exception handling. We provide a simple API that facilitates safe and efficient development of such functions. 1
TRANSURETHRAL WATER-INDUCED THERMOTHERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA: A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIAL (2000)

Water-induced thermotherapy significantly alleviates lower urinary tract symptoms of BPH, increases peak urinary flow rate and enhances patient quality of life. This novel catheter based, minimally invasive treatment is easily administered in the outpatient setting. Water-induced thermotherapy holds promise as a useful and cost-effective option for the clinical management of BPH.
2A1-A03 Estimation of Surface Friction Coefficient Using Distributed Forces with Plantar Arch (2015)

In this paper, we report a method to estimate the friction coefficient of a road surface for humanoids. To estimate the friction coefficient, we invented a foot structure on whose sole a partial slip could occur. We fabricated a foot model with the foot structure and conducted the experiment, in which the load was increased on the foot model on two road surfaces, Non-Oil Surface and Oil Surface, different in the friction coefficient. The distributed forces on the sole was measured by 3-axis force sensors. We found that the ratio of the friction force to the normal force decreased when the friction coefficient decreased. The sole deformation was also measured by a high speed camera and the occurrence of a partial slip was confirmed on both surfaces. We concluded that the magnitude of the friction force was related to the regional stick/slip condition on the contact area.
TDMA and CDMA Capacities in Air-Ground Communications (2006)

Weevaluatethecapacitiesofcodedivisionmultipleaccess(CDMA)andtimedivisionmultipleaccess(TDMA)schemesinanaeronauticalenvironment.Themodelfortheenvironment is a three-dimensional cellular arrangement, analogous to the two-dimensional model used for terrestrial cellular radio. The transmission schemes we consider are based upon those of terrestrial cellular, suitably modified to accommodate the unique requirements of pilot-tocontroller communications in civilian air-to-ground communication settings. In accounting forthenearfree-spacepropagationofinterference,weemploynewparametervaluesrequired for the estimation of capacities in the aeronautical environment: theTDMA frequency re-use factorandtheCDMAoutsidecellinterferencefactor.Baseduponthemodifiedterrestrialcellular schemes and these new parameters, we show that if average interference is considered, CDMA capacity is largest. If worst-case interference is considered, the half-duplex TDMA capacity is comparable to the CDMA capacity when the CDMA system uses rebroadcast of air-ground transmissions in the ground-air link, but if this rebroadcast mode is not used, worst-case CDMA capacity is also larger than worst-case TDMA capacity.
Circular economy in biocomposite development: State-of-the-art, challenges and emerging trends (2021)

Biocomposites being environmentally-friendly alternative to synthetic composites are gaining increasing demand for various applications. Hence, biocomposite development should be integrated within a circular economy (CE) model to ensure a sustainable production that is simultaneously innocuous towards the environment. This review presents an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies for the adoption of the CE concept in biocomposite development. The study outlined the properties, environmental and economic impacts of biocomposites. A critical review of the life-cycle assessment of biocomposite for evaluating greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprints was conducted. In addition, the opportunities and challenges pertaining to the implementation of CE have been discussed in detail. Recycling and utilisation of bio-based constituents were identified as the critical factors in embracing CE. Therefore, the development of innovative recycling technologies and an enhanced use of novel biocomposite constituents could lead to a reduction in material waste and environmental footprints. This article is one of the first studies to review the circularity of biocomposites in detail that will stimulate further research in enhancing the sustainability of these polymeric materials.
Jespersen cycles in the Mayan, Quechuan and Maipurean languages* (2016)

This study looks for evidence for the Jespersen Cycle, which is typically the development from one single negator to another one via a strengthening stage in which both are present, in the Mayan, Quechuan and Maipurean languages. For Mayan and Quechuan languages the evidence is solid, and what is particularly interesting is that the strengthening would seem to have happened twice and that in both families an irrealis marker served to make the negation emphatic. In Maipurean languages the most important development is the extension of a prenominal privative marker (‘without’) to clausal negation, which if it shows up preverbally to a verb that already has postverbal negation, would show us a Jespersen Cycle which, untypically, operates from right to left.
Short-Term Efficient Expression of Transfected DNA in Human Hematopoietic Cells by Electroporation: Definition of Parameters and Use of Chemical Stimulators (1988)

The efficiency of DNA transfer into human hematopoietic cells by electroporation was investigated and compared to conventional transfection procedures. Important parameters of electroporation were optimized in human erythroleukemia cells using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA; chloramphenicol 3-O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.28) gene linked to the cytomegaloviral enhancer-promoter. In addition, selected chemicals with different modes of action were studied for their ability to aid DNA entry and gene expression in this system, and several were found to enhance gene transfection by electroporation in a significant manner. Using these chemical stimulators, many but not all human and mouse suspension cultures tested were successfully electroporated by the Baekon 2000 instrument. From these studies, it appears that electroporation can be enhanced by chemical additives. Because of its efficiency, reproductivity, and convenience electroporation is an attractive method of gene transfer in human hematopoietic cells.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1A in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

Purpose: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) plays an important role in tumoral adaptation to hypoxic conditions by serving as a transcription factor for several crucial proteins, including vascular endothelial growth factor and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Here, we evaluated the significance of HIF-1a in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Experimental Design: Immunohistochemical analysis was done on a tissue microarray constructed from paraffin-embedded primary tumor specimens from 357 patients treated by nephrectomy for RCC. Nuclear expression was evaluated by a single pathologist who was blinded to outcome. The expression levels were associated with pathologic variables and survival. Results: HIF-1 aexpression was greater in RCC than in benign tissue. Clear cell RCC showed the highest expression levels. In clear cell RCC, HIF-1a was significantly correlated with markers of apoptosis (p21, p53), the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway (pAkt, p27), CXCR3, and proteins of the vascular endothelial growth factor family. HIF-1a was correlated with CAIX and CAXII in localized, but not in metastatic RCC. HIF-1aexpression predicted outcome in metastatic patients: patients with high HIF-1a expression (>35%) had significantly worse survival than patients with low expression (V35%); median survival, 13.5 versus 24.4 months, respectively (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis retained HIF-1aand CAIX expression as the strongest indepen- dent prognostic factors for patients with metastatic clear cell RCC. Conclusions: HIF-1 ais an important independent prognostic factor for patients with metastatic clear cell RCC. Because HIF-1aand CAIX are independently and differentially regulated in meta- static clear cell RCC, both tumor markers can be complementary in predicting prognosis.
A Novel Asymmetric Synthesis of α- and β-Amino Aryl Phosphonic Acids (1993)

α- and β-Amino Phosphonic acid derivatives are obtained in high enantiomeric purity based on the stereoselective addition of carbanions of chiral non-racemic bicyclic chloromethyl and methyl bicyclic phosphonamides to imines respectively.
TAMOXIFEN TREATMENT AND GYNECOLOGIC SIDE EFFECTS (2001)

In Brief Objective To review the literature on tamoxifen side effects on the female genital tract and psychosexual function in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Data Sources We used the English-language literature in MEDLINE and reference lists from selected articles. Search terms included: “tamoxifen and estrogen receptor,” “transcription activation,” “premenopause,” “postmenopause,” “vaginal epithelium,” “uterus,” “endometrial hyperplasia,” “polyps,” “endometrial cancer,” “sonography,” “sonohysterography,” “hysteroscopy,” “myometrium,” “myoma,” “sarcoma,” “endometriosis,” “ovarian cysts,” “hot flushes,” “concentration problems,” “sleep disturbance,” “vaginal dryness,” “sexual function,” “libido,” “dyspareunia,” and “quality of life.” No study-type restrictions were imposed. Methods of Study Selection With respect to clinical studies we included case cohort studies, observational studies; if no trials were available on a subject, case reports published in peer-reviewed journals were selected. For the discussion on endometrial surveillance of tamoxifen users, letters and editorials published in peer-reviewed journals also were used. Subjects of interest were mechanism of action of tamoxifen, tamoxifen and the vaginal epithelium, endometrium, mesenchymal tumors of the uterus, ovaries, sexual function, and vasomotor instability. Tabulation, Integration, and Results Eligible studies were analyzed to determine their usefulness in this review. Data from trials that evaluated tamoxifen side effects on specific genital tissues were combined, with special interest in differentiation of side effects in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Weighted estimates of severity and extent of side effects were usually not possible because of lack of randomized trials. Only the risk of endometrial cancer in relation to tamoxifen treatment could be estimated. Conclusion The gynecologic side effects of tamoxifen are diverse and reflect the complexity of its mechanism of action, with agonistic and antagonistic effects on various tissues, depending on the ambient estradiol concentration and hence menopausal status of the patient. The most frequently reported side effect was hot flushes, and the most worrisome gynecologic side effect was a two- to three-fold increased risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. Despite its side effects, the benefits of tamoxifen in controlling breast cancer or prevention of its relapse are still without debate. The gynecologic side effects of tamoxifen are diverse and reflect the complexity of its mechanism of action, with estrogen agonistic and antagonistic effects depending on the menopausal status of the patient.
Observation of microwave induced resistance and photovoltage oscillations in MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures (2016)

Microwave induced resistance and photovoltage oscillations were investigated in ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{O}/\text{ZnO}$ heterostructures. The physics of these oscillations is controlled significantly by scattering mechanisms, and therefore these experiments were motivated by the recently achieved high quality levels in this material and the apparent dominance of large angle, short-range scattering, which is distinct from the prevailing small angle scattering in state-of-the-art GaAs structures. Within the studied frequency range of 35--120 GHz, up to four oscillations were resolved at 1.4 K temperature, but only in high density samples. This allowed us to extract the value of the effective electron mass ${m}^{*}=(0.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01){m}_{0}$, which is enhanced over the bare band mass, and estimate a local quantum scattering time of about 5 ps.
Horizontal Eddy Fluxes of Momentum and Kinetic Energy in the Near-Surface of the Kuroshio Extension (1982)

Sequential monthly-mean temperature fields in the mid-latitude western North Pacific (30–45°N, 140–180°E), constructed from TRANSPAC XBT (expendable bathythermograph) data over a two-year period, are employed to analyze the interaction between mesoscale variability and the mean flow of the Kuroshio Extension. An empirical temperature–dynamic height regression, and the geostrophic approximation, lead to the computation of mean and eddy horizontal velocity components over the region, from which horizontal eddy processes in both the mean momentum and the mean kinetic energy balances of the Kuroshio Extension are estimated. The Kuroshio Extension generally loses mean kinetic energy as it travels from the coast of Japan from 140 to 180°E, with much larger eddy kinetic energy west of the Shatsky Rise (160°E) than east of there. Concentrating upon zonally-averaged quantities in both subregions east and west of the Shatsky Rise, horizontal eddy momentum fluxes due to transient mesoscale variability (i.e., 〈u′v′〉) tend to converge the mean eastward momentum. However, in the western subregion, quasi-stationary meanders in the mean flow are associated with a horizontal eddy momentum flux (i.e., 〈u′v′〉) that reduces this tendency. The horizontal kinetic energy exchange between mean flow and mesoscale variability (e.g.,〈u;′v′∂u/∂y〉) tends to increase the mean kinetic energy on the north side of the axis of mean flow and to decrease it on the south side, both east andwest of the Shatsky Rise. On the other hand, the horizontal mean kinetic energy redistribution by horizontal eddy processes (e.g., 〈−∂/∂y(u′v′u〉) tends to increase mean kinetic energy overall in the subregion east of the Shatsky Rise, showing little effect west of there. The net tendency upon the mean kinetic energy balance by these two horizontal eddy processes (i.e. exchange and redistribution) is to increase mean kinetic energy in the region east of the Shatsky Rise, with no significant effect west of there. Therefore, the reduction in mean kinetic energy from west to east along the Kuroshio Extension is not due to horizontal eddy processes.
Accurate Whole Genome Sequencing as the Ultimate Genetic Test (2014)

Featured Article: Drmanac R, Sparks AB, Callow MJ, Halpern AL, Burns NL, Kermani BG, et al. Human genome sequencing using unchained base reads on self-assembling DNA nanoarrays. Science 2010;327:78–81.4

Even 30 years ago, it was obvious that Sanger sequencing had limited throughput, and a more efficient process could replace many tedious gene and genome mapping projects. It would take until the mid-2000s for massively parallel sequencing (MPS)5 technologies to demonstrate they could overtake the Sanger sequencing hegemony. Our paper was not the first description of a viable MPS technology, but it firmly established that human whole genome sequencing (WGS) could be done affordably (<US$5000 in reagent cost), with high accuracy (<1 error in 100 kb), and with high throughput, thus heralding the arrival of personal genome sequencing.

This work was the result of a long effort that started in Serbia in 1987 with a proposal for sequencing by hybridization (SBH) on dot-blot DNA arrays. SBH on random bead microarrays prepared by emulsion PCR, in which a micron-sized bead replaced a millimeter-sized DNA dot, offered a first MPS solution (www.rdrmanac.com). The US Department of Energy and NIST grants funded most of these initial efforts. After the events of September 11, 2001, the NIH received an increase in biodefense funding, and our US$2.3 million grant for ligation-based MPS technology on genomic DNA microarrays was awarded in 2003 by …
M-025 Selection from a Large Number of Audio and Video Sources for Personalized Video Retrieval in a Ubiquitous Environment (2005)

Multimedia retrieval and summarization for ubiquitous environments is an active research area with several applications such as surveillance, study of human behavior [1], and taking care of the elderly [2]. The presence of a large number of sources and the lack of structure of the content makes this more difficult compared to retrieving broadcast media. Selection of the most appropriate sources is critical for accurate retrieval. Most of the ubiquitous environments are equipped with various types of sensors that can provide supplementary and context data in addition to cameras and microphones. These data can be utilized to achieve more accurate and effective accurate retrieval [3]. This research is based on Ubiquitous Home [4], a twobedroom house equipped with a large number of stationary cameras and microphones (Figure 1). The place is built as a testbed for recording, retrieval and awareness of human behavior rather than surveillance, as evident from the positioning of cameras and microphones. Pressure-based sensors mounted on the floor are activated as people move inside the house. The amount of data recorded in a single day is approximately 500GB. Personalized video retrieval and summarization for this environment can be extremely tedious if performed manually. For example, if we want to see what Mr. Smith did in ubiquitous home during his visit in the morning of the 3 of September 2004, it is necessary to watch the video from the camera showing the entrance to the house from early morning until the frames showing Mr. Smith entering the house are detected. Thereafter, it is necessary to pause and switch between several cameras and microphones to track him as he moves within the house, for the entire duration of his stay. We intend to create a system where video for the above scenario can be retrieved and summarized as follows: first we enter the date and the time interval. This retrieves a set of key frames showing people who had been inside the house during this time interval. For the people who entered or left the house during this time interval, the key frames showing them entering or leaving the house will be displayed with timestamps. For those who remained inside, a key frame at the start of the time interval is displayed. By browsing only the key frames showing the persons entering the house, we can find the key frame showing Mr. Smith. By clicking on the frame, we can see a video clip or a set of key frames, showing what he did. The cameras and microphones are selected automatically as he moves, so that he can be seen and heard throughout the stay. We propose to implement the above system by analyzing the floor sensor data and extracting video sequences and key frames for each person in the house. We design and conduct an experiment to evaluate the performance of the key frame extraction algorithm that we designed.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTITUMOR‐CHEMOTHERAPIE UND SYNTHESEN AUF DER BASIS VON NATUERLICHEN ANTITUMORMITTELN 1. MITT. ANALOGE VON ARISTOLOCHIASAEURE, BEWEIS EINER AKTIVEN GRUPPE IN IHREM MOLEKUEL (1971)

Abstract Zur Bestimmung des für die Antitumorwirkung verantwortlichen Teils der Aristolochiasäure werden die Stilbene (I)‐(III) und die Styrole (IV) dargestellt.
Estimation of Liquid Fuel Yields from Biomass (2010)

We have estimated sun-to-fuel yields for the cases when dedicated fuel crops are grown and harvested to produce liquid fuel. The stand-alone biomass to liquid fuel processes, that use biomass as the main source of energy, are estimated to produce one-and-one-half to three times less sun-to-fuel yield than the augmented processes. In an augmented process, solar energy from a fraction of the available land area is used to produce other forms of energy such as H(2), heat etc., which are then used to increase biomass carbon recovery in the conversion process. However, even at the highest biomass growth rate of 6.25 kg/m(2).y considered in this study, the much improved augmented processes are estimated to have sun-to-fuel yield of about 2%. We also propose a novel stand-alone H(2)Bioil-B process, where a portion of the biomass is gasified to provide H(2) for the fast-hydropyrolysis/hydrodeoxygenation of the remaining biomass. This process is estimated to be able to produce 125-146 ethanol gallon equivalents (ege)/ton of biomass of high energy density oil but needs experimental development. The augmented version of fast-hydropyrolysis/hydrodeoxygenation, where H(2) is generated from a nonbiomass energy source, is estimated to provide liquid fuel yields as high as 215 ege/ton of biomass. These estimated yields provide reasonable targets for the development of efficient biomass conversion processes to provide liquid fuel for a sustainable transport sector.
Guidelines for Comparisons among Different Maize Maturity Rating Systems (1999)

Several systems are extensively used to rate maize ( Zea mays L.) maturity in North America, including growing degree days, crop heat units, and Minnesota relative maturity rating days. Correspondence between the different systems varies with the temperature range of the environment, because of different bases of calculation and unit size. However, general guidelines for conversion from one system to another would aid communication among researchers, producers, distributors, and extension personnel, particularly where regional preference for one system exists, but information developed in another region is shared. Simple regression equations were developed from a data set with 4 years, 28 hybrids, and 19 locations (between 39° and 48° N lat). Coefficients of determination were ≥0.91, indicating that these equations could be used as a general guideline to compare maturity ratings developed using the different systems.