gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable phylloplane colonization by entomopathogenic bacteriumPseudomonas fluorescensKPM-018P and biological control of Phytophagous ladybird beetlesEpilachna vigintioctopunctata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (2004)

An entomopathogenic bacterium was isolated from tomato leaves and used as a microbial agent to control larvae of phytophagous ladybird beetles Epilachna vigintioctopunctata. The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens KPM-018P on the basis of its bacteriological characteristics. KPM-018P produced extracellular chitinase to form a transparent zone around their colonies by hydrolyzing chitin in a minimal medium. Pale-yellow colonies turned red after a change of incubation temperature. These characteristics were availed as markers for tracking KPM-018P. The bacteria produced biosurfactants that enabled the bacteria to stably colonize the hydrophobic leaf surface; they were recovered without any considerable decrease even after a suspension of KPM-018P was sprayed onto leaves. KPM-018P, transformed with the gfp gene and observed with fluorescence microscopy, stably dwelled in the junctions of epidermal cells of bacteria-sprayed leaves. Ingestion of KPM-018P-sprayed leaves by the larvae caused prompt death of these insects to eventually suppress their pupation. This method is thus effective for decreasing the population of larvae and adult insect pests in the subsequent generation. The study provides an experimental basis for the biocontrol of herbivorous insect pests using a leaf-inhabiting, entomopathogenic strain of P. fluorescens.
Intruders in the Dust: Air-Driven Granular Size Separation (2004)

Using MRI and high-speed video we investigate the motion of a large intruder particle inside a vertically shaken bed of smaller particles. We find a pronounced, nonmonotonic density dependence, with both light and heavy intruders moving faster than those whose density is approximately that of the granular bed. For light intruders, we furthermore observe either rising or sinking behavior, depending on intruder starting height, boundary condition, and interstitial gas pressure. We map out the phase boundary delineating the rising and sinking regimes. A simple model can account for much of the observed behavior and shows how the two regimes are connected by considering pressure gradients across the granular bed during a shaking cycle.
Quantum computing on magnetic racetracks with flying domain wall qubits (2022)

Domain walls (DWs) on magnetic racetracks are at the core of the field of spintronics, providing a basic element for classical information processing. Here, we show that mobile DWs also provide a blueprint for large-scale quantum computers. Remarkably, these DW qubits showcase exceptional versatility, serving not only as stationary qubits, but also performing the role of solid-state flying qubits that can be shuttled in an ultrafast way. We estimate that the DW qubits are long-lived because they can be operated at sweet spots to reduce potential noise sources. Single-qubit gates are implemented by moving the DW, and two-qubit entangling gates exploit naturally emerging interactions between different DWs. These gates, sufficient for universal quantum computing, are fully compatible with current state-of-the-art experiments on racetrack memories. Further, we discuss possible strategies for qubit readout and initialization, paving the way toward future quantum computers based on mobile topological textures on magnetic racetracks.
Thema: Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant Middleware forWeb-Service Applications (2006)

Distributed applications composed of collections of Web services may call for diverse levels of reliability in different parts of the system. Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) is a general strategy that has recently been shown to be practical for the development of certain classes of survivable, client-server, distributed applications; however, little research has been done on incorporating it into selective parts of multi-tier, distributed applications like Web services that have heterogeneous reliability requirements. To understand the impacts of combining BFT and Web services, we have created Thema, a new BFT middleware system that extends the BFT and Web services technologies to provide a structured way to build Byzantine-fault-tolerant, survivable Web services that application developers can use like other Web services. From a reliability perspective, our enhancements are also novel in that they allow Byzantine-fault-tolerant services: (1) to support the multi-tiered requirements of Web services, and (2) to provide standardized Web services support for their own clients (through WSDL interfaces and SOAP communication). In this paper we study key architectural implications of combining BFT with Web services and provide a performance evaluation of Thema using the TPC-W benchmark.
Renal support therapy (2021)

Renal dysfunction is known to be frequently a component of multiple organ failure, a complex syndrome affecting the most severely ill critical patients. Bidirectional interaction between the kidneys and other organs has always been suspected; evidence suggests that severe kidney injury is an important protagonist in acute illness, even when managed by dialysis. In fact, if it seems that increasing the dose of renal replacement therapy does not reduce mortality, it could be inferred that acute kidney injury influences mortality through means that are not reversed by conventional renal support, either because the putative culprit toxins are not removed by renal replacement therapy or because renal replacement therapy is started too late to prevent these effects. It is known that the kidneys exert effects on other organs, such as the lung, liver, heart, and brain, in a process called 'crosstalk'. This effect means that the kidney is not only a victim, but also a culprit regarding the malfunction of other organs. This chapter will detail some traditional aspects of different renal replacement therapy modalities and prescription schedules, but it will also describe the most recent evidence on the management and support of the kidney during failure of other organs.
Contribution of nitric oxide to the blood pressure and arterial responses to incremental maximal exercise in humans (2010)

We sought to determine the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise and post‐exercise alterations in arterial stiffness. In 10 healthy subjects (31±5 years), BP, heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption were measured before, during and after an incremental cycling exercise test. Trials were performed with placebo (saline) or following acute inhibition of NO synthase with N G ‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (L‐NMMA) on separate days, in a randomized, double blind, cross‐over design. Central (aortic) and peripheral (femoral) arterial stiffness was assessed with pulse wave velocity (PWV). BP was increased with L‐NMMA at rest and during sub‐maximal exercise, but not at maximal exercise (mean BP 118±8 vs. 117±5 mmHg, saline vs. L‐NMMA, P&gt;0.05). L‐NMMA had no influence on exercising HR or maximal oxygen consumption (P=ns). Post‐exercise reductions in femoral PWV were attenuated with L‐NMMA (P&lt;0.05), while aortic PWV was increased similarly with either saline or L‐NMMA (P=ns). Our findings suggest that reductions in NO bioavailability cause augmented BP responses to sub‐maximal exercise, but do not lead to exaggerated BP responses to maximal exercise or reduce maximal oxygen consumption. Furthermore, NO is an important contributor to reductions in femoral artery stiffness following maximal exercise in healthy individuals. This research was supported by the BHF.
Experimental observation of percolation-enhanced nonlinear light scattering from semicontinuous metal films (2002)

Summary form only given. In random metal-dielectric films where the metal coverage of the dielectric substrate is close to the percolation threshold, disorder-induced localization of plasmons occurs, resulting in huge fluctuations of local fields. One of the most interesting, theoretical predictions for such percolation films is that nonlinear light scattering at the nth frequency harmonic n/spl omega/ of an incident beam can be significantly enhanced and is characterized by a broad, nearly isotropic angular distribution. According to theory, this effect, which was denoted in as percolation-enhanced nonlinear scattering (PENS), is caused by the huge local-field fluctuations associated with the localized plasmons. Here we experimentally verify the existence of the PENS effect by measurements of the second harmonic generation from semicontinuous and continuous gold films.
Knock In Various Combustion Modes in a Gasoline-Fueled Automotive Engine (2012)

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) offers great potential for improved fuel economy and dramatically reduced NOx emissions, compared to typical spark ignition (SI) combustion. However, the benefits of HCCI are limited to low and medium loads by the simultaneous occurrence of combustion instability and knock at a maximum load that is too low for conventional SI combustion. To provide smooth operation in the intermediate range between HCCI and SI requires alternative combustion strategies. One such strategy is spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI), which uses a spark plug to initiate a flame that consumes a portion of the mixture, followed by autoignition of the remaining charge. This moderates the rapid heat release and allows higher loads to be achieved without exceeding knock and stability limits. In a recent study, we have explored this region and have found that spark assist at first dramatically reduces knock as load is raised above the HCCI limit; however, with further load increase, knock returns but in a form that resembles spark ignited knock rather than the HCCI knock. This study investigates in detail the knocking conditions observed in that work. The objectives of this study are twofold: first, to explore the differences between the two forms of knock and second, to apply and compare a number of commonly used metrics for knock and noise over the range of HCCI, SACI, and SI combustion. Experimental data were acquired on a single-cylinder DI research engine equipped with a fully flexible valve actuation (FFVA) system and fueled by research-grade gasoline. Cycle to cycle results based on filtered pressure traces are shown and compared with a number of knock measures including a widely used correlation for ringing intensity for HCCI combustion. Although based on a limited set of data, the results identify important qualitative features of the two forms of knock and point out significant differences among the knock metrics. The results suggest that further investigations are needed to fully understand both the knocking phenomenon and how best to quantify it.
Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI (2017)

Here, we report the existence of meningeal lymphatic vessels in human and nonhuman primates (common marmoset monkeys) and the feasibility of noninvasively imaging and mapping them in vivo with high-resolution, clinical MRI. On T2-FLAIR and T1-weighted black-blood imaging, lymphatic vessels enhance with gadobutrol, a gadolinium-based contrast agent with high propensity to extravasate across a permeable capillary endothelial barrier, but not with gadofosveset, a blood-pool contrast agent. The topography of these vessels, running alongside dural venous sinuses, recapitulates the meningeal lymphatic system of rodents. In primates, meningeal lymphatics display a typical panel of lymphatic endothelial markers by immunohistochemistry. This discovery holds promise for better understanding the normal physiology of lymphatic drainage from the central nervous system and potential aberrations in neurological diseases.
Dialect and Accent Recognition using Phonetic-Segmentation Supervectors (2011)

We describe a new approach to automatic dialect and accent recognition which exceeds state-of-the-art performance in three recognition tasks. This approach improves the accuracy and substantially lower the time complexity of our earlier phonetic based kernel approach for dialect recognition. In contrast to state-of-the-art acoustic-based systems, our approach employs phone labels and segmentation to constrain the acoustic models. Given a speaker’s utterance, we first obtain phone hypotheses using a phone recognizer and then extract GMM-supervectors for each phone type, effectively summarizing the speaker’s phonetic characteristics in a single vector of phone-type supervectors. Using these vectors, we design a kernel function that computes the phonetic similarities between pairs of utterances to train SVM classifiers to identify dialects. Comparing this approach to the state-of-the-art, we obtain a 12.9% relative improvement in EER on Arabic dialects, and a 17.9% relative improvement for American vs. Indian English dialects. We also see a 53.5% relative improvement over a GMM-UBM on American Southern vs. Non-Southern English.
State-of-charge (SOC) estimation based on a reduced order electrochemical thermal model and extended Kalman filter (2013)

Accurate estimation of SOC of a battery is one of the most important issues to prevent the battery from being overcharged and undercharged. Currently, SOC is estimated using Coulomb counting or a stored set of data that includes a relationship between open circuit voltage (OCV) and SOC, where the OCV for a cell in operation is estimated based on the first or second order of electrical equivalent circuit model (EECM). The typical error percentage of those methods range 5-10% because of the integration error of the current over time and ignored effects in the EECM such as lithium ion concentrations, temperature, and other electrochemical phenomena. A new method for estimation of SOC is developed that uses a reduced order model (ROM) derived from a quasi-three dimensional full order physical model (FOM), and Extended Kalman filter (EKF) to minimize errors caused by inaccuracy of the ROM. Static and dynamic responses of the new approach at different charging and discharging current in a single cycle and multiple cycles are compared with those of Coulomb counting, ROM and ROM with EKF. The results show that the accomplished average error is approximately less than 4%.
‘Surrounded-element’ approach for the simulation of reflectarray radiating cells (2007)

A new approach to analyse reflectarray cells is presented, which allows mutual coupling effects to be realistically accounted for by simulating each radiating cell with its actual neighbouring cells, either identical or not. The proposed approach is compared to more conventional approaches that consider either an infinite periodic environment or that neglect coupling effects. A comparison between reflectarray measurements and simulations leads to good agreement using the proposed approach.
Development of a Primary Human Co-Culture Model of Inflamed Airway Mucosa (2017)

Neutrophil breach of the mucosal surface is a common pathological consequence of infection. We present an advanced co-culture model to explore neutrophil transepithelial migration utilizing airway mucosal barriers differentiated from primary human airway basal cells and examined by advanced imaging. Human airway basal cells were differentiated and cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) on the underside of 3 µm pore-sized transwells, compatible with the study of transmigrating neutrophils. Inverted ALIs exhibit beating cilia and mucus production, consistent with conventional ALIs, as visualized by micro-optical coherence tomography (µOCT). µOCT is a recently developed imaging modality with the capacity for real time two- and three-dimensional analysis of cellular events in marked detail, including neutrophil transmigratory dynamics. Further, the newly devised and imaged primary co-culture model recapitulates key molecular mechanisms that underlie bacteria-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration previously characterized using cell line-based models. Neutrophils respond to imposed chemotactic gradients, and migrate in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of primary ALI barriers through a hepoxilin A3-directed mechanism. This primary cell-based co-culture system combined with µOCT imaging offers significant opportunity to probe, in great detail, micro-anatomical and mechanistic features of bacteria-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration and other important immunological and physiological processes at the mucosal surface.
Lactone Formation as an Aid in the NMR Characterization of Two 3-(1'-Hydroxyethyl)indolo[2,3-a]qunolizidine-1-carboxylates: Intermediates for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Tacamine-Type Indole Alkaloids (1997)

NMR spectral characterization of methyl 3-(1'-hydroxyethyl). 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine-l-carboxylates(3) and ( 4) is described.The configuration at the hydroxyethyl side chain was confirmed by NOE difference, spectroscopy performed on 3-(1'-hydroxyethy1)-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine-l-carboxylicacid lactones ( 5) and ( 6) obtained by epimerization of 3 and 4. Base treatment of 3 and 4, followed by esterification, led to methyl 3-(1'-hydroxyethy1)-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-
Density functional theory studies on the electronic, structural, phonon dynamical and thermo-stability properties of bicarbonates MHCO3, M = Li, Na, K (2012)

The structural, electronic, phonon dispersion and thermodynamic properties of MHCO(3) (M = Li, Na, K) solids were investigated using density functional theory. The calculated bulk properties for both their ambient and the high-pressure phases are in good agreement with available experimental measurements. Solid phase LiHCO(3) has not yet been observed experimentally. We have predicted several possible crystal structures for LiHCO(3) using crystallographic database searching and prototype electrostatic ground state modeling. Our total energy and phonon free energy (F(PH)) calculations predict that LiHCO(3) will be stable under suitable conditions of temperature and partial pressures of CO(2) and H(2)O. Our calculations indicate that the [Formula: see text] groups in LiHCO(3) and NaHCO(3) form an infinite chain structure through O⋯H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In contrast, the [Formula: see text] anions form dimers, [Formula: see text], connected through double hydrogen bonds in all phases of KHCO(3). Based on density functional perturbation theory, the Born effective charge tensor of each atom type was obtained for all phases of the bicarbonates. Their phonon dispersions with the longitudinal optical-transverse optical splitting were also investigated. Based on lattice phonon dynamics study, the infrared spectra and the thermodynamic properties of these bicarbonates were obtained. Over the temperature range 0-900 K, the F(PH) and the entropies (S) of MHCO(3) (M =Li, Na, K) systems vary as F(PH)(LiHCO(3)) > F(PH)(NaHCO(3)) > F(PH)(KHCO(3)) and S(KHCO(3)) > S(NaHCO(3)) > S(LiHCO(3)), respectively, in agreement with the available experimental data. Analysis of the predicted thermodynamics of the CO(2) capture reactions indicates that the carbonate/bicarbonate transition reactions for Na and K could be used for CO(2) capture technology, in agreement with experiments.
Does transfusion improve the outcome for HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy? – Results from the randomized DAHANCA 5 and 7 trials (2011)

Transfusion prior to and during radiation treatment did not improve the outcome in patients with HNSCC and low hemoglobin values, but may have a negative impact on survival.
One‐year clinical outcomes after sirolimus‐eluting coronary stent implantation in diabetics enrolled in the worldwide e‐SELECT registry (2015)

In the e-SELECT registry, diabetics represented 30% of patients undergoing SES implantation and had significantly more co-morbidities and complex coronary lesions. Although 1-year follow-up documented good overall outcome in diabetics, higher ST and MACE rates were observed, mainly driven by ITD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Replication of a Tissue Microenvironment by Thermal Scanning Probe Lithography (2019)

Thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) is a nanofabrication technique in which an immobilized thermolabile resist, such as polyphthalaldehyde (PPA), is locally vaporized by a heated atomic force microscope tip. Compared with other nanofabrication techniques, such as soft lithography and nanoimprinting lithography, t-SPL is more efficient and convenient as it does not involve time-consuming mask productions or complicated etching procedures, making it a promising candidate technique for the fast prototyping of nanoscale topographies for biological studies. Here, we established the direct use of PPA-coated surfaces as a cell culture substrate. We showed that PPA is biocompatible and that the deposition of allylamine by plasma polymerization on a silicon wafer before PPA coating can stabilize the immobilization of PPA in aqueous solutions. When seeded on PPA-coated surfaces, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) adhered, spread, and proliferated in a manner indistinguishable from cells cultured on glass surfaces. This allowed us to subsequently use t-SPL to generate nanotopographies for cell culture experiments. As a proof of concept, we analyzed the surface topography of bovine tendon sections, previously shown to induce morphogenesis and differentiation of MSC, by means of atomic force microscopy, and then "wrote" topographical data on PPA by means of t-SPL. The resulting substrate, matching the native tissue topography on the nanoscale, was directly used for MSC culture. The t-SPL substrate induced similar changes in cell morphology and focal adhesion formation in the MSC compared to native tendon sections, suggesting that t-SPL can rapidly generate cell culture substrates with complex and spatially accurate topographical signals. This technique may greatly accelerate the prototyping of models for the study of cell-matrix interactions.
On the Quality of Wireless Network Connectivity (2011)

Despite intensive research in the area of network connectivity, there is an important category of problems that remain unsolved: how to measure the quality of connectivity of a wireless multi-hop network which has a realistic number of nodes, not necessarily large enough to warrant the use of asymptotic analysis, and has unreliable connections, reflecting the inherent unreliable characteristics of wireless communications? The quality of connectivity measures how easily and reliably a packet sent by a node can reach another node. It complements the use of \emph{capacity} to measure the quality of a network in saturated traffic scenarios and provides a native measure of the quality of (end-to-end) network connections. In this paper, we explore the use of probabilistic connectivity matrix as a possible tool to measure the quality of network connectivity. Some interesting properties of the probabilistic connectivity matrix and their connections to the quality of connectivity are demonstrated. We argue that the largest eigenvalue of the probabilistic connectivity matrix can serve as a good measure of the quality of network connectivity.
Leakage Current Improvement of Doped and Bilayer High-k for MIM Capacitor (2010)

High-k dielectrics like Ta2O5, TiO2 etc. should overcome high leakage current due to the low energy band-gap property for applying to the future DRAM device below 50nm design rule beyond. Various techniques including metal doping and bi-layer scheme were studied to improve the leakage current of I-V characteristics. The leakage current of Dy or Zr doped TiO2 could be improved depending on the doping concentration. Nb doping in Ta2O5 could increase the dielectric constant within the appropriate level of leakage current at the operation voltage. Bi-layer scheme of high-k dielectrics like HfO2-TiO2 or ZrO2-TiO2 also applied to reduce the leakage current with the high work function Ru electrode. Combination of high work function Ru as a top electrode with the bottom TiN electrode could reduce the leakage current by increasing band offset at the interface between the high-k and the electrode.