gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin Exchange Monitoring of the Strong Positive Homotropic Allosteric Binding of a Tetraradical by a Synthetic Receptor in Water (2014)

The flexible tetranitroxide 4T has been prepared and was shown to exhibit a nine line EPR spectrum in water, characteristic of significant through space spin exchange (J(ij)) between four electron spins interacting with four nitrogen nuclei (J(ij) ≫ a(N)). Addition of CB[8] to 4T decreases dramatically all the Jij couplings, and the nine line spectrum is replaced by the characteristic three line spectrum of a mononitroxide. The supramolecular association between 4T and CB[8] involves a highly cooperative asymmetric complexation by two CB[8] (K1 = 4027 M(-1); K2 = 202,800 M(-1); α = 201) leading to a rigid complex with remote nitroxide moieties. The remarkable enhancement for the affinity of the second CB[8] corresponds to an allosteric interaction energy of ≈13 kJ mol(-1), which is comparable to that of the binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. These results are confirmed by competition and reduction experiments, DFT and molecular dynamics calculations, mass spectrometry, and liquid state NMR of the corresponding reduced complex bearing hydroxylamine moieties. This study shows that suitably designed molecules can generate allosteric complexation with CB[8]. The molecule must (i) carry several recognizable groups for CB[8] and (ii) be folded so that the first binding event reorganizes the molecule (unfold) for a better subsequent recognition. The presence of accessible protonable amines and H-bond donors to fit with the second point are also further stabilizing groups of CB[8] complexation. In these conditions, the spin exchange coupling between four radicals has been efficiently and finely tuned and the resulting allosteric complexation induced a dramatic stabilization enhancement of the included paramagnetic moieties in highly reducing conditions through the formation of the supramolecular 4T@CB[8]2 complex.
Clean five-step synthesis of an array of 1,2,3,4-tetra-substituted pyrroles using polymer-supported reagents (1999)

M. Caldarelli, J. Habermann and S. V. Ley, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1999, 107 DOI: 10.1039/A809345H
Potent agonist action of 2‐thioether derivatives of adenine nucleotides at adenylyl cyclase‐linked P2y‐purinoceptors (1995)

1. Analogues of adenine nucleotides inhibited beta-adrenoceptor-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in C6 rat glioma cells with a pharmacological selectivity consistent with that for involvement of a P2Y-purinoceptor. 2. The inhibitory effect of adenine nucleotides was completely prevented by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. 3. The capacity of a series of recently synthesized 2-thioether analogues of adenine nucleotides to inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation was examined. Several ATP analogues, e.g. 2-cyclohexylthio and 2-hexylthio ATP, inhibited cyclic AMP accumulation with EC50 values of approximately 30 pM. These values represent 100,000 fold increases in potency over ATP. 4. Analogues of ADP exhibited the same remarkable increase in potency relative to their natural congener and diphosphates were at least as potent as the corresponding triphosphates at the C6 cell P2Y-purinoceptor. 5. The relative potencies of a broad series of agonists at the C6 cell receptor did not correspond to the relative potencies of the same compounds for activation of P2Y-purinoceptors on turkey erythrocyte membranes. Some agonists, particularly 2-thioether derivatives were more potent for stimulation of the C6 cell receptor, whereas other agonists were more potent in the turkey erythrocyte system. 6. These results add further support to the view that the adenylyl cyclase-linked P2Y-purinoceptor of C6 rat glioma cells is a different subtype from the phospholipase C-linked P2Y-purinoceptor of turkey erythrocyte membranes and several mammalian tissues.
Examining non-LTR retrotransposons in the context of the evolving primate brain (2017)

Researchers have long sought to understand the genetic basis of the cognitive differences between primates, with particular focus on the human brain. Although all mutational types have worked in concert with evolutionary forces to generate the current human brain, in this review we will explore the impact of mobile elements, specifically non-LTR retrotransposons. Non-LTR retrotransposons have contributed coding and regulatory sequences to the genome throughout evolution. During primate evolution there have been multiple waves of LINE retrotransposition as well as the birth of new mobile elements such as the SINEs Alu and SVA and we will explore what kinds of impacts these may have had on the evolving human brain.
Recognizing Text Genres with Simple Metrics Using Discriminant Analysis (1994)

A simple method for categorizing texts into predetermined text genre categories using the statistical standard technique of discriminant analysis is demonstrated with application to the Brown corpus. Discriminant analysis makes it possible use a large number of parameters that may be specific for a certain corpus or information stream, and combine them into a small number of functions, with the parameters weighted on basis of how useful they are for discriminating text genres. An application to information retrieval is discussed.
Biomedical applications involving multiphoton probes (2015)

Many techniques in biological and clinical science use multiphoton absorbers for fluorescence. The applications include medical imaging for living cells, diagnostic techniques for disease and spectroscopy. The intrinsic value of the multiphoton absorber coefficients is therefore of the utmost importance. Additionally, the laser intensity at which the absorber saturates can determine which absorber, dye or protein is useful for a particular application. Yet, experimental methods for determining the optical coefficients often yield different results. We describe several common methods of 2PA measurements and describe their features. As an example of the importance of applying the correct analysis to measurements, we fit experimental data and obtain values for multiphoton absorbers and accurately obtain their intrinsic values. Finally, we present the optical properties of several multiphoton materials used in biology.
Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a single dose 4-antigen or 3-antigen Staphylococcus aureus vaccine in healthy older adults: Results of a randomised trial (2016)

NCT01643941.
Family-Based Association between Alzheimer's Disease and Variants inUBQLN1 (2005)

Our findings suggest that genetic variants in UBQLN1 on chromosome 9q22 substantially increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, possibly by influencing alternative splicing of this gene in the brain.
Inactivation of a Glycyl-tRNA Synthetase Leads to an Arrest in Plant Embryo Development (1998)

Embryo formation is the first patterning process during vegetative plant growth. Using transposons as insertional mutagens in Arabidopsis, we identified the mutant edd1 that shows embryo-defective development. The insertion mutation is lethal, arresting embryo growth between the globular and heart stages of embryonic development. The mutant phenotype cosegregates with a transposed Dissociation element. Sequences flanking the transposed element were isolated and used to isolate a full-length cDNA clone representing the wild-type EDD1 gene. Complementation of the mutant through Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer of an EDD1 wild-type copy as well as loss of the transposon concomitant with phenotypic reversion demonstrated that the transposon had caused the mutation. Based on homology to Escherichia coli, the EDD1 gene is predicted to encode a novel glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) that has not been identified previously in higher plants. An N-terminal portion of the plant protein is able to direct a marker protein into pea chloroplasts. Thus, the gene identified by the embryo-defective insertion mutation encodes a GlyRS homolog, probably acting within the plastidic compartment.
Diminished Spontaneous Apoptosis in Lymphocytes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Long‐Term Nonprogressors (1998)

The relationship between peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis and human immunodeficiency virus disease progression was studied in infected subgroups with distinct profiles of progression. Long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) and seronegative controls had levels of spontaneous apoptosis significantly lower than those for recent seroconverters who had CD4 cell counts similar to those of nonprogressors but with a high likelihood of disease progression. Lymphocytes from nonprogressors and seronegative controls also showed negligible spontaneous caspase-3 activity, a biochemical indicator for apoptosis, whereas early progressors exhibited substantial activity. In contrast, when activated with mitogens, the lymphocytes from both LTNP and progressors displayed indistinguishable levels of heightened apoptosis. Spontaneous apoptosis and plasma viremia levels correlated positively in progressors, but not in LTNP. These findings demonstrate that increased lymphocyte apoptosis is evident prior to CD4 T cell decline and that LTNP are relatively resistant to the factors that induce accentuated levels of spontaneous but not mitogen-induced cell death.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator-Assisted Vitrectomy: Surgical Drainage of Submacular Hemorrhage (2009)

A thick subretinal hemorrhage involving the macula is currently treated with pneumatic displacement or surgical removal. We evaluated the long-term effects of tPA-assisted surgical drainage of a submacular hemorrhage by reviewing the medical records of 12 eyes with submacular hemorrhage followed for a mean follow-up time of 6.9 years. The final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 10 eyes (83%), was unchanged in 2 (17%), and was reduced in 0 (0%). The mean preoperative BCVA was 6/200, and the best postoperative BCVA was 20/47, and the final BCVA was 20/143. The late postoperative complications, including recurrent submacular hemorrhage, enlargement of the CNV, and retinal degeneration, reduced the final BCVA. These results indicate that tPA-assisted surgical removal of a subretinal hemorrhage can lead to improved long-term vision. Controlling the choroidal neovascularization may be important for retaining the best postoperative vision.
Analysis and Evaluation of a Deep Learning Reconstruction Approach with Denoising for Orthopedic MRI (2021)

The vendor-provided DL MRI reconstruction showed higher edge sharpness, rSNR, and rCNR in comparison with conventional methods; however, optimal levels of denoising may need to be further assessed.<b>Keywords:</b> MRI Reconstruction Method, Deep Learning, Image Analysis, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, MR-Imaging, Neural Networks, Hip, Shoulder, Physics, Observer Performance, Technology Assessment <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2021.
Changes in Noradrenergic Vesicle Markers of Rabbit Oviducts During Progesterone Treatment1 (1983)

The effect of progesterone (P) on norepinephrine (NE), [3H] norepinephrine ([3H]NE) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in noradrenergic vesicles from rabbit oviducts was studied after daily injections of the hormone during different periods (4, 7 and 15 days). Progesterone induced a concomitant increase in NE and DBH activity and [3H]NE uptake. To study the mechanism involved in such effects, 4 tissue fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation of the oviducts of which the vesicular fraction was applied over continuous sucrose gradients (0.3-2 M). The changes induced by P in markers of tissue and gradient fractions showed an increase of the NE storage capacity which could be ascribed to an increase in the number of storage vesicles, and/or to a higher extravesicular storage capacity. The occurrence of these mechanisms during pregnancy or after P treatment could account for the (long-lasting) high levels of NE observed in such instances.
Adsorption/desorption and electrically controlled flipping of ammonia molecules on graphene (2010)

In this paper, we evaluate the adsorption/desorption of ammonia molecules on a graphene surface by studying the Fermi level shift. On the basis of a physically plausible model, the adsorption and desorption rates of ammonia molecules on graphene have been extracted from the measured Fermi level shift as a function of exposure time. An electric-field-induced flipping behavior of the ammonia molecules on graphene is suggested based on field effect transistor (FET) measurements.
Thermal Assessment of a Power Amplifier Module in Wireless Handsets (2002)

Increased functionality of microelectronic packages for commercial applications leads to the necessity of identifying packaging solutions with high standards for thermal performance. A detailed numerical analysis examines the thermal characteristics of a power amplifier module for time division multiple access (TDMA), using commercially available software. The increasing trend in power levels and densities leads to the need of design thermal optimization, either at the module level or at the system (module board stack-up) level. Several designs are investigated for thermal performance and the best thermal design is identified. Initial study focuses on assessing the thermal performance of a baseline design. The peak temperature reaches 144°C, about 60°C temperature increase over the reference temperature. The peak temperature value is slightly below the limit of 150°C, and is calculated based on the optimal (temperature constant) heat sink scenario attached to the bottom face of the module. Several alternatives are investigated, by modifying the thermal via array structure and Cu plating thickness. The increase in copper plating from 0.025 mm to 0.05 mm (1 to 2 mils) has the largest impact on module’s thermal performance. The addition of solder material and radio board increases by almost 50% the overall thermal resistance, hence the estimated peak temperatures reached by the heat stages would exceed the limit. A detailed sensitivity study was completed to assess the importance of each element in the module-board stack-up. Finally, a comprehensive experimental study was completed to validate the numerical simulation. The results indicate that the error between measurements and simulation range between 5–8%.
Monitoring of organic load reduction in olive-mill wastewater by biochar using the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method (2016)

Olive oil production process creates a large volume of organic waste rich in phenols and other substances hazardous for human health and the environment. The olive-mill wastewater (OMW) is usually disposed of into unprotected and uncontrolled evaporation ponds nearby the main olive oil production facility. OMW disposal often leads to soil and groundwater degradation and is a direct threat to the flora and fauna of the area. A holistic strategic approach for the management of OMW is required. One promising method for organic load removal is the use of biochar. Lately, rice husk and corncob biochar have shown high sorption capacity towards phenolic compounds (Mohan et al., 2014). Essential to the success of any organic load removal approach is the accurate monitoring of the process. The spectral induced polarization (SIP) method is a prime candidate for a monitoring tool in OWM remediation processes using biochar. Previous work has established the sensitivity of induced polarization on OMW (Ntarlagiannis et al., 2016); as part of this work we established the dependence of electrical parameters on OMW concentration in porous media. Furthermore, the links between SIP and a variety of biochar materials have been established (Haegel et al., 2013). With this work we present early results on the use of spectral induced polarization (SIP) method as a monitoring aid in a controlled laboratory experiment with biochar used as a tool for countering land degradation (Barrow, 2012).
SP13. Early-Onset Metformin Regimen Inhibits Radiation-induced Fibrosis in Mice Model (2023)

PURPOSE: Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a pathology characterized by large deposition of matrix and excessive proliferation of fibroblasts leading to reduced tissue function and quantity of life. Currently, very few safe and effective treatment options are available. Our goal was to test early and late regimens of a safe and well-tolerated FDA-approved agent (metformin) for RIF inhibition. METHODS: We used 40 Gy hind limb irradiated C57BL/6 mice as a skin fibrosis model and injected 100 mg/kg of metformin intraperitoneally twice a week. The early cohort started the treatment immediately; the late cohort was delayed to 14th post-irradiation day to investigate the inhibition of fibrosis on day 42. PBS-injected mice were used as a control group. Regimens were combined with either autologous or allogeneic adipose stem cells. The degree of limb excursion, epithelial thickness, and a histological fibrosis scale were employed. RESULTS: Allogenic and autologous cells successfully mitigated fibrosis; superior histological scoring and significantly improved limb excursion and epithelial thickness were achieved compared to the control. Earlier treatment increased the mitigation of fibrosis in all cohorts. The acute metformin treatment gave outcomes comparable to cell injections; when delayed, the metformin group failed to inhibit significant fibrosis. In contrast, the effect of cell therapies did not diminish to the level of insignificance. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that allogeneic stem cells and early-onset metformin treatment are possible promising therapeutic options to inhibit fibrosis. Further investigating regulatory markers in depth will be a step towards clinical adaptation as a RIF prophylaxis.
Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA therapy corrects serum total bilirubin level in Crigler-Najjar syndrome mouse model (2023)

Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a rare disorder of bilirubin metabolism caused by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (<i>UGT1A1</i>) mutations characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. No cure currently exists; treatment options are limited to phototherapy, whose effectiveness diminishes over time, and liver transplantation. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of systemically administered, lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated human <i>UGT1A1</i> (h<i>UGT1A1</i>) mRNA therapy in a Crigler-Najjar mouse model. <i>Ugt1</i> knockout mice were rescued from lethal post-natal hyperbilirubinemia by phototherapy. These adult <i>Ugt1</i> knockout mice were then administered a single lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated h<i>UGT1A1</i> mRNA dose. Within 24 h, serum total bilirubin levels decreased from 15 mg/dL (256 μmol/L) to <0.5 mg/dL (9 μmol/L), i.e., slightly above wild-type levels. This reduction was sustained for 2 weeks before bilirubin levels rose and returned to pre-treatment levels by day 42 post-administration. Sustained reductions in total bilirubin levels were achieved by repeated administration of the mRNA product in a frequency-dependent manner. We were also able to rescue the neonatal lethality phenotype seen in <i>Ugt1</i> knockout mice with a single lipid nanoparticle dose, which suggests that this may be a treatment modality appropriate for metabolic crisis situations. Therefore, lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated h<i>UGT1A1</i> mRNA may represent a potential treatment for Crigler-Najjar syndrome.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Aryl Thiocyanates Using Sodium Perborate. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Federated Over-the-Air Subspace Learning and Tracking from Incomplete Data (2020)

We consider a federated learning scenario where $K$ peer nodes communicate with a master node via a wireless channel using the newly developed ``over-the-air'' superposition and broadcast paradigm. This means that (i) data transmitted from the nodes is directly summed at the master node using the superposition property of the wireless channel; and (ii) the master broadcasts this sum, or a processed version of it, to all the nodes. The implicit assumption here is that the aggregation to be performed at the master node is an additive operation. This new transmission mode is enabled by advances in wireless technology that allow for synchronous transmission by the $K$ peer nodes. It is $K$ times time- or bandwidth- efficient compared to the traditional digital transmission mode, but the tradeoff is that channel noise corrupts each iterate of the underlying ML algorithm being implemented. Additive noise in each algorithm iterate is a completely different type of perturbation than noise or outliers in the observed data. It introduces a novel set of challenges that have not been previously explored in the literature. In this work, we develop and analyze federated over-the-air solutions to two well-studied problems in unsupervised learning: (i) subspace learning and (ii) subspace tracking from incomplete data.
Chipless wireless temperature sensor based on C-like scatterer for standard RFID reader (2017)

This summary presents a proof of concept for a passive chipless wireless sensor for temperature range detection. The temperature range information is encoded in a binary format using dual C-like scatterers operating at two different frequencies. The sensing principle is based on resonance shift of the Radar Cross Section (RCS) peaks of the backscattered signal from the two adjacent scatterers. This shifts the reflected power maximum in or out of the bands mapping it to logic ‘1’ or logic ‘0’. The European and ISM bands are chosen for wireless sensor compliance with commercial RFID readers communication standards. This is an attempt to use the conventional RFID standards reader for chipless sensing.
Preimplantation embryo metabolism (2004)

Preimplantation embryos are remarkably adaptable, being able to develop in a variety of culture media containing different energy sources. Routinely, embryos are cultured in a simple balanced salt solution supplemented with pyruvate, glucose, lactate, amino acids and a protein source; any of which may be metabolised as a potential energy source for the embryo. Energy metabolism results in the generation of ATP and is integral for successful embryo development. The best global indication of the ability of an embryo to produce energy is oxygen consumption, which together with the amount of lactate produced can be used to calculate ATP production. Prior to the blastocyst stage ATP formation remains low but cavitation is associated with a large increase in ATP production. Using immunosurgery to isolate inner cell mass (ICM) cells, it can be calculated that the trophectoderm produces approximately 80% of the ATP generated at the blastocyst stage with the ICM contributing 20%. It is likely that the majority of this energy is used to fuel Na+ pumping via the Na+, K+, ATPase. Energy metabolism is intrinsic to embryo health and may be used to predict developmental capacity. In vitro fertilisation has permitted many thousands of couples to conceive but is limited by a low pregnancy rate and high multiple birth rate due to the transfer of more than one embryo. At present, embryos are selected for transfer based on their morphology, but this is subjective and a poor predictor of viability. Amino acid profiling offers the potential to predict non-invasively the developmental capacity of single human embryos as early as day 2 post-insemination, obviating the need for prolonged culture to the blastocyst stage.