gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of adaptive liquid microlenses and microlens arrays (2013)

We report on the development of sub-millimeter size adaptive liquid microlenses and microlens arrays using two immiscible liquids to form individual lenses. Microlenses and microlens arrays having aperture diameters as small as 50 microns were fabricated on a planar quartz substrate using patterned hydrophobic/hydrophilic regions. Liquid lenses were formed by a self-assembled oil dosing process that created well-defined lenses having a high fill factor. Variable focus was achieved by controlling the lens curvature through electrowetting. Greater than 70&deg; of contact angle change was achieved with less than 20 volts, which results in a large optical power dynamic range.
Resultados del implante percut�neo de v�lvula a�rtica en Espa�a mediante el Registro de Actividad de Atenci�n Especializada (2022)

RESUMEN Introducci&#x00F3;n y objetivos: El implante percut&#x00E1;neo de v&#x00E1;lvula a&#x00F3;rtica (TAVI) se ha consolidado como tratamiento de la estenosis a&#x00F3;rtica grave. Como toda intervenci&#x00F3;n, su seguridad y su efectividad deben monitorizarse en condiciones de pr&#x00E1;ctica real. Para ello, se han analizado los datos del Sistema Nacional de Salud disponibles entre los a&#x00F1;os 2014 y 2017. M&#x00E9;todos: Se evaluaron todos los pacientes mayores de 50 a&#x00F1;os con TAVI por v&#x00ED;a transfemoral incluidos en el Registro de Actividad de Atenci&#x00F3;n Especializada entre 2014 y 2017 procedentes de centros p&#x00FA;blicos o concertados. Se hicieron an&#x00E1;lisis de regresi&#x00F3;n log&#x00ED;sticos para evaluar los factores asociados con la mortalidad y las complicaciones, y modelos binomiales negativos para la estancia media hospitalaria. Se usaron tasas estandarizadas para ajustar diferencias en las variables de efectividad y seguridad entre las diferentes comunidades aut&#x00F3;nomas, de acuerdo con el alto y bajo volumen de implantaci&#x00F3;n de la t&#x00E9;cnica, considerando como referencia la mediana nacional (37 implantes por 105 habitantes) durante el periodo de tiempo analizado. Resultados: En total se analizaron 5.454 casos de TAVI. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria pas&#x00F3; del 4,89&#x0025; en 2014 al 2,7&#x0025; en 2017. La estancia media hospitalaria descendi&#x00F3; de 13,1 d&#x00ED;as en 2014 a 11,3 en 2017. A pesar de no observar diferencias en la mortalidad entre comunidades aut&#x00F3;nomas, aquellas con mayor volumen de implantes tuvieron una menor estancia media hospitalaria (OR = 0,88; IC95&#x0025;, 0,86-0,91; p &#x003C; 0,01), menor riesgo de infecciones (OR = 0,54; IC95&#x0025;, 0,32-0,9; p = 0,02) y menor necesidad de marcapasos permanente (OR = 0,77; IC95&#x0025;, 0,65-0,91; p &#x003C; 0,01). Conclusiones: El uso de TAVI crece progresivamente en Espa&#x00F1;a con resultados cada vez mejores respecto al &#x00E9;xito del implante y la morbimortalidad perioperatoria. La variabilidad interregional en las tasas de implante no se relaciona con la mortalidad observada, pero s&#x00ED; con la morbilidad y la estancia hospitalaria.
Enantiomeric resolution of multiple chiral centres racemates by capillary electrophoresis (2016)

Enantiomeric resolution of multichiral centre racemates is an important area as some multichiral centre racemates are of great medicinal importance. However, enantioseparation of such types of racemates is a challenging task. Amongst many analytical techniques, capillary electrophoresis is a powerful technique and may be used to resolve such racemates. Only few papers are available describing enantiomeric resolution of such racemates. Therefore, efforts have been made to describe the enantiomeric resolution of multichiral centre racemates by capillary electrophoresis. This article discusses the importance of multichiral racemates, the need for capillary electrophoresis in enantiomeric resolution and chiral resolution of multichiral centre racemates using various chiral selectors. Further, attempts have been made to discuss the future challenges and prospects of enantiomeric resolution of multichiral racemates. The various chiral selectors used for the purpose are chiral crown ether, cyclodextrins, polysaccharides, macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics and ligand exchange.
The Aza‐Achmatowicz Reaction: Facile Entry into Functionalized Piperidinones (2015)

Abstract Amongst the various conversions that are known to transform the furan moiety into other functional groups or heterocyclic rings, the Achmatowicz reaction and the corresponding aza‐modification stand out as broadly applicable oxidative rearrangements. Both reactions are synthetically useful transformations resulting either in pyranone or piperidinone structures, containing ample synthetic opportunities for further functionalization. In this review, we will provide a literature overview of the aza‐Achmatowicz reaction, including application of the resulting piperidinones in the synthesis of biologically active compounds and natural products.
Review of Positron Lifetime Studies of Lattice Defects Formed during Tensile Deformation in a Hydrogen Environment (2021)

The lattice defects, especially vacancies, formed during tensile deformation in a hydrogen environment have been evaluated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The results from several such evaluations in previous studies in hydrogen-charged iron, steels, and Ni-based alloys are reviewed in this study with reference to hydrogen embrittlement models. A strong tendency to increase the positron lifetime for the vacancy cluster component, that is, the larger the vacancy cluster size, the lower the fracture strains, was found in many PALS studies on tensile-deformed metals. This suggests that plastic strain localization, a characteristic feature of hydrogen embrittlement, is consistent with hydrogen-enhanced vacancy clustering during plastic deformation. Early studies suggested that hydrogen precharging would result in a significant increase in the vacancy density, as inferred from the hydrogen content obtained from thermal desorption analysis (TDA). However, recent PALS studies have been negative, as no significant increase in vacancy density were observed.
Hybrid optical interconnection module with built-in electrical power line for mobile phone using highly-flexible integrally-formed OE-FPC (2009)

In order to meet increasing demand for higher-speed signal transmission and smaller electromagnetic noise, we propose the hybrid optical interconnection module with built-in electrical power lines as highly practical optoelectronic interconnection in mobile phones. Highly-flexible integrally-formed OE-FPC with high productivity and reliability was utilized in this module. Optical semiconductor devices and ICs driving such optical devices were all mounted on the OE-FPC by ultrasonic flip-chip bonding method, realizing highly reliable module. With this hybrid optical interconnection module, high-speed signal transmission was demonstrated at over 10 Gbps/ch and such high-speed optical signal transmission was realized actually by the power supply through the low-resistance built-in electrical power lines.
Systemic administration of anti-NGF increases A-type potassium currents and decreases pancreatic nociceptor excitability in a rat model of chronic pancreatitis (2011)

We have previously shown that pancreatic sensory neurons in rats with chronic pancreatitis (CP) display increased excitability associated with a decrease in transient inactivating potassium currents (I(A)), thus accounting in part for the hyperalgesia associated with this condition. Because of its well known role in somatic hyperalgesia, we hypothesized a role for the nerve growth factor (NGF) in driving these changes. CP was induced by intraductal injection of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats. After 3 wk, anti-NGF antibody or control serum was injected intra-peritoneally daily for 1 wk. This protocol was repeated in another set of experiments in control rats (receiving intraductal PBS instead of TNBS). Pancreatic nociceptors labeled with the dye Dil were identified, and patch-clamp recordings were made from acutely dissociated DRG neurons. Sensory neurons from anti-NGF-treated rats displayed a lower resting membrane potential, increased rheobase, decreased burst discharges in response to stimulatory current, and decreased input resistance compared with those treated with control serum. Under voltage-clamp condition, neuronal I(A) density was increased in anti-NGF-treated rats compared with rats treated with control serum. However, anti-NGF treatment had no effect on electrophysiological parameters in neurons from control rats. The expression of Kv-associated channel or ancillary genes Kv1.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, and DPP6, DPP10, and KCHIPs 1-4 in pancreas-specific nociceptors was examined by laser-capture microdissection and real-time PCR quantification of mRNA levels. No significant differences were seen among those. These findings emphasize a key role for NGF in maintaining neuronal excitability in CP specifically via downregulation of I(A) by as yet unknown mechanisms.
Application of Well Test Rate Conversion to Gas Condensate Reservoirs in the Nile Delta Complex (2017)

Abstract Performance monitoring and production allocation rely on test separator measurements operating at varying pressure and temperature during periodic tests. Converting test separator gas and oil rates to a common set of separator conditions is necessary to ensure consistent rate allocation and valid inflow performance relations. This paper applies a well test conversion methodology to all historical well test measurements performed on gas condensate reservoirs in the Nile Delta Complex and explores the benefits of such an approach. The studied asset includes seven reservoirs with producing condensate-gas ratio (CGR) varying from 3 to 70 stb/MMscf. The proposed method converts the reported test rates into molar compositional wellstream rates, using (1) an appropriate EOS model, (2) a reasonable seed composition and (3) the test separator conditions. The seed composition is flashed at separator conditions. Equilibrium oil and gas compositions are then recombined in a specific ratio that yields exactly the test CGR. The obtained compositional wellstream is then re-processed (1) using a common set of separator conditions and (2) using the actual field-scale surface process model. The paper also discusses appropriate choices for the seed composition. The procedure is implemented and fully automated using a commercial IAM platform. Results show that the separator conditions have a great influence (up to 50 %) on the CGR. We reprocessed the compositional wellstreams using a common set of conditions to compare individual well performance and fluid properties (1) over time and (2) against other wells for a given date. Furthermore, the proposed procedure enables the allocation of final-sales products to individual wells (gas, LPG and stabilized condensate).
Efficient one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted 6-[(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl]uracils through the “click” protocol (2011)

The preparation of several triazolo acyclic nucleosides and triazolo acyclic nucleoside phosphonates is described. The synthetic methodology has been developed as an efficient one-pot Cu(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne Huisgen “click” cycloaddition. A novel Cu(I)-catalyzed decarboxylation reaction of 1-substituted 1 H -1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acids at room temperature was observed and used for the preparation of 1-substituted 1 H -1,2,3-triazoles. As congeners of TPI (Taiho pharmaceutical inhibitor), the prepared compounds were screened as potential inhibitors of human thymidine phosphorylase, but no inhibitory activity was observed.
Metallomics: Emerging Investigators 2019 (2019)

Welcome to this <italic>Metallomics</italic> themed issue highlighting the work of emerging investigators in metallomics, Guest Edited by <italic>Metallomics</italic> Editorial Board member Katherine Franz (Duke University, USA).
ChemInform Abstract: Regulated Systems for Catalyst Immobilisation Based on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2011)

Abstract Review: 34 refs.
Artificial blood based on molecular assembly. (1998)

For substitution of oxygen transporting ability in blood stream, artificial red cells have been widely developed for recent years. Since the role of the other blood components can be replaced by synthetic molecules (chemical regents), the realization of artificial O2-infusion leads to complement of the artificial blood based on the present transfusion techniques. This review describes the recent topics of the development of artificial red cells, especially on hemoglobin (Hb) based materials and totally synthetic lipidhemes. The Hb vesicles (HbV, cellular type) with appropriate O2-binding ability have several advantages in comparison to the acellular types such as crosslinked Hb. The results of animal tests clearly represented the in vivo oxygen delivery by HbV. On the other hand, molecular assemblies of synthetic lipidhemes act as O2-carrier under physiological conditions, More recently, albumin heme hybrid has also been developed as a new type of the O2-infusion series.
Bandwidth calendaring: Dynamic services scheduling over Software Defined Networks (2016)

Software Defined Networking enables centralized network control and hence paves the way for new services that use network resources more efficiently. Bandwidth Calendaring (BWC) is a typical such example that exploits the knowledge of future to optimally pack the arising demands over the network. In this paper, we consider a generic BWC instance, where a carrier network operator has to accommodate at minimum cost demands of predetermined, but time-varying, bandwidth requirements. Some of the demands may be flexible, i.e., can be scheduled within a specific time window. We demonstrate that the resulting problem is NP-hard and we propose a scalable problem decomposition based on column generation. Our numerical results reveal that the proposed solution approach is near-optimal and outperforms state-of-the art methods based on relaxation and randomized rounding by more than 20% in terms of network cost.
Ultrasonic Effect on the Photodegradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Wastewater (2016)

Chlorophenols (CPs) is one of the organic pollutants and are most widespread in aqueous environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been extensively utilized for the decomposition of hazardous or recalcitrant pollutants in the environment. The study combined UV/TiO2 with ultrasonic procedure to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) wastewater. The effects of factors including pH value, initial concentration of 2,4-DCP and quantities of TiO2, Fe (II), and Fe (III) added on the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP wastewater were investigated. Experimental results revealed significant additive effect attributed to the combination of two procedures, 13-watt UV irradiation and 10-watt ultrasound, under the pH 10 and 1g L-1 TiO2. In additional, the destruction removal efficiency (DRE) of 2,4-DCP was raised about 10 % when 250 μM of Fe (II) and Fe (III) were added and this phenomenon was suggested that the Fenton-like reaction occurred.
Effect of asthma on susceptibility to influenza A virus infection (VIR2P.1029) (2014)

Abstract Asthma exacerbations by respiratory infections are a serious health issue and, thus significant effort has been put into understanding the impact of respiratory infections on asthma. However little remains known about how the asthmatic phenotype could influence immune responses against respiratory viral pathogens. Using a mouse model of allergic lung inflammtion, we investigated the susceptibility of asthmatics to influenza A virus challenge. Unexpectedly, asthmatic mice were highly resistant to primary infection with the H1N1 2009 pandemic strain. However, the increased survival rate did not correlate with viral lung titers. Strikingly, asthmatic mice exhibited a significant reduction in cytokine storm, total protein levels and cytotoxicity in the airway; observations that indicate minimal tissue injury. Further, we found that asthmatic mice had significantly increased levels of TGF-β1 and that the heightened resistance of asthmatic mice was abrogated in the absence of TGF-β receptor II. Thus, we conclude that a transient increase in TGF-β expression following an asthma attack is responsible for temporary protection against influenza virus challenge via suppression of lung immunopathology.
Genomic insights into head and neck cancer (2016)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and is frequently impervious to curative treatment efforts. Similar to other cancers associated with prolonged exposure to carcinogens, HNSCCs often have a high burden of mutations, contributing to substantial inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of this malignancy is further increased by the rising rate of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated (HPV+) HNSCC, which defines an etiological subtype significantly different from the more common tobacco and alcohol associated HPV-negative (HPV-) HNSCC. Since 2011, application of large scale genome sequencing projects by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) network and other groups have established extensive datasets to characterize HPV- and HPV+ HNSCC, providing a foundation for advanced molecular diagnoses, identification of potential biomarkers, and therapeutic insights. Some genomic lesions are now appreciated as widely dispersed. For example, HPV- HNSCC characteristically inactivates the cell cycle suppressors TP53 (p53) and CDKN2A (p16), and often amplifies CCND1 (cyclin D), which phosphorylates RB1 to promote cell cycle progression from G1 to S. By contrast, HPV+ HNSCC expresses viral oncogenes E6 and E7, which inhibit TP53 and RB1, and activates the cell cycle regulator E2F1. Frequent activating mutations in PIK3CA and inactivating mutations in NOTCH1 are seen in both subtypes of HNSCC, emphasizing the importance of these pathways. Studies of large patient cohorts have also begun to identify less common genetic alterations, predominantly found in HPV- tumors, which suggest new mechanisms relevant to disease pathogenesis. Targets of these alterations including AJUBA and FAT1, both involved in the regulation of NOTCH/CTNNB1 signaling. Genes involved in oxidative stress, particularly CUL3, KEAP1 and NFE2L2, strongly associated with smoking, have also been identified, and are less well understood mechanistically. Application of sophisticated data-mining approaches, integrating genomic information with profiles of tumor methylation and gene expression, have helped to further yield insights, and in some cases suggest additional approaches to stratify patients for clinical treatment. We here discuss some recent insights built on TCGA and other genomic foundations.
Reduction Methods For Accelerating Optimization Of Radar Search Patterns (2018)

Electronic phased-array radars can perform bidimensional beam-forming and beam steering along both elevation and azimuth axes, offering new possibilities for optimization of radar search patterns. The minimization of the search pattern radar-time budget can be approximated by set covering and solved using integer programming methods. The problem combinatorial structure can be exploited by reduction methods before optimization to reduce the problem size, to decrease its computational cost and to accelerate optimization.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Diols by the Cycloadditive Strategy: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐exo‐Brevicomin and (.+‐.)‐ and (‐)‐ Pestalotin. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Definition of the modular organization of the HTLV envelope SU glycoprotein and tools to study HTLV Env-mediated cellular receptor recognition, fusion, syncytium formation, infection, and physiology. (2003)

International audience
Référencement Dynamique en Métrologie 3D optique pour une meilleure précision en conditions d’atelier (2013)

Ce papier décrit les principes du référencement dynamique des MMT optiques et en démontre les avantages en termes de précision de mesure dans les conditions opérationnelles d’une usine. Les récentes MMTà base de triangulation optique offrent la possibilité de mesurer simultanément plusieurs points 3D. Il deviant possible, grâce à quelques marqueurs disposés sur la pièce mesurée, de détecter tout déplacement intempestif. Le référentiel machine devient alors identique au référentiel pièce, et reste lié à la pièce durant toute la mesure. Ceci améliore la précision de mesure des MMT portables en présence des vibrations d’un environnement deproduction.
Scattering versus intrinsic attenuation: Measurements from permanent downhole geophones (2007)

Attenuation (Q) profiles were determined from a VSP study of a well in the Lawrence Livermore National Lab facility using permanent down‐hole geophones and a vertical elastic generator source. We used the zero‐offset data to determine the interval velocity profile, and combined gamma ray, and other log information to model the density and P‐ and S‐ wave velocity profile. From these profiles we generated synthetic zero offset data using a 2‐dimensional elastic finite difference model assuming laterally homogeneous layers and compared the attenuation measured from the synthetic data with the attenuation measured from the real data. The attenuation of the synthetic data is slightly larger than the attenuation predicted by the O'Doherty and Anstey formula for 1‐D scattering, whereas the attenuation of the real data is substantially greater than the attenuation of the synthetic data, and the amplitudes predicted by the ODA approach. We adjusted the amplitudes of the real data based on the attenuation of the synthetic data so as to remove the effect of scattering and estimated intrinsic attenuation. We computed Q factors for three different depth intervals which were equal to 3, 5, and 7 for the depth intervals of 0–60 ft, 60–110 ft and 110–140 ft respectively, and concluded that the primary source of attenuation in our location is intrinsic. For comparison, we estimated Q using the standard technique of rise time.
A Stochastic Linearization Approach to Optimal Primary Control of Power Systems with Generator Saturation (2018)

Quasilinear Control (QLC) is a set of methods used for analysis and design of systems with nonlinear actuators and sensors. It is based on the method of stochastic linearization, which replaces a nonlinearity by an equivalent gain and bias. Here, we leverage QLC to systematically design an optimal droop controller for primary frequency control of power systems with asymmetric generator saturation and renewable penetration. The droop parameters are found by solving an optimization problem wherein the cost function is a combination of the change in frequency and the actuator input. Simulation studies show that the combined output and control cost is improved compared to a baseline design, and that the systematic design process provides an appropriate response to any change in input or system parameters.