gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Topology and Channel-State Uncertainty (2009)

We study throughput-optimal scheduling/routing over mobile ad-hoc networks with time-varying (fading) channels. Traditional back-pressure algorithms (based on the work by Tassiulas and Ephremides) require instantaneous network state (topology, queues-lengths, and fading channel-state) in order to make scheduling/routing decisions. However, such instantaneous network-wide (global) information is hard to come by in practice, especially when mobility induces a time-varying topology. With information delays and a lack of global network state, different mobile nodes have differing "views" of the network, thus inducing uncertainty and inconsistency across mobile nodes in their topology knowledge and network state information. In such a setting, we first characterize the through-optimal rate region and develop a back-pressure-like scheduling algorithm, which we show is throughput-optimal. Then, by partitioning the geographic region spatially into disjoint tiles, and sharing delayed topology and network state information only among mobile nodes currently within each tile, we develop a localized low-complexity scheduling algorithm. The algorithm uses instantaneous local information (the queue length, channel state and current position at a mobile node) along with delayed network state information from nodes that were within its tile (i.e., from nodes that were within a nearby geographic region as opposed to network-wide information). The proposed algorithm is shown to be near-optimal, where the geographic distance over which delayed network-state information is shared determines the provable lower bound on the achievable throughput.
CFH and VIPR2 as susceptibility loci in choroidal thickness and pachychoroid disease central serous chorioretinopathy (2018)

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common disease affecting younger people and may lead to vision loss. CSC shares phenotypic overlap with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As recent studies have revealed a characteristic increase of choroidal thickness in CSC, we conducted a genome-wide association study on choroidal thickness in 3,418 individuals followed by TaqMan assays in 2,692 subjects, and we identified two susceptibility loci: <i>CFH</i> rs800292, an established AMD susceptibility polymorphism, and <i>VIPR2</i> rs3793217 (<i>P</i> = 2.05 × 10<sup>-10</sup> and 6.75 × 10<sup>-8</sup>, respectively). Case-control studies using patients with CSC confirmed associations between both polymorphisms and CSC (<i>P</i> = 5.27 × 10<sup>-5</sup> and 5.14 × 10<sup>-5</sup>, respectively). The <i>CFH</i> rs800292 G allele is reportedly a risk allele for AMD, whereas the A allele conferred risk for thicker choroid and CSC development. This study not only shows that susceptibility genes for CSC could be discovered using choroidal thickness as a defining variable but also, deepens the understanding of differences between CSC and AMD pathophysiology.
life Sciences - Signal-Processing Approaches to Risk Assessment in Coronary Artery Disease (2006)

This paper introduces a novel method that enables intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) detection of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation based on quantification of vasa vasorum (VV) density and perfusion. The method consists of a contrast-enhanced IVUS acquisition protocol and a series of signal/image processing techniques to detect VV in the resulting contrast-enhanced sequences
Shape-Independent Limits to Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer (2015)

We derive shape-independent limits to the spectral radiative heat transfer rate between two closely spaced bodies, generalizing the concept of a blackbody to the case of near-field energy transfer. Through conservation of energy and reciprocity, we show that each body of susceptibility χ can emit and absorb radiation at enhanced rates bounded by |χ|(2)/Im χ, optimally mediated by near-field photon transfer proportional to 1/d(2) across a separation distance d. Dipole-dipole and dipole-plate structures approach restricted versions of the limit, but common large-area structures do not exhibit the material enhancement factor and thus fall short of the general limit. By contrast, we find that particle arrays interacting in an idealized Born approximation (i.e., neglecting multiple scattering) exhibit both enhancement factors, suggesting the possibility of orders-of-magnitude improvement beyond previous designs and the potential for radiative heat transfer to be comparable to conductive heat transfer through air at room temperature, and significantly greater at higher temperatures.
Synthetic studies on arene-olefin cycloadditions. 4. Total synthesis of (.+-.)-modhephene (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies on arene-olefin cycloadditions. 4. Total synthesis of (.+-.)-modhephenePaul A. Wender and Geoffrey B. DreyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 21, 5805–5807Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00385a051Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1147Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (437 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and purification of lactulose from sweet cheese whey ultrafiltrate (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and purification of lactulose from sweet cheese whey ultrafiltrateKevin B. Hicks, Donna L. Raupp, and Philip W. SmithCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 2, 288–292Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00122a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00122a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ionic Liquids: Media for Better Molecular Catalysis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Developmental and Morphogenetic Gene Regulation inHaliotis rufescensLarvae at Metamorphosis (1995)

SYNOPSIS. The planktonic larva of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, must develop competence and recognize an appropriate exogenous morphogenetic cue before it can settle and metamorphose. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of larval competence and the induction of metamorphosis in this and other marine invertebrates are only now starting to be understood. In Haliotis, some of the morphogenetic cues, chemosensory receptors, and receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways controlling the induction of metamorphosis from the planktonic larva to the benthic post-larva have been identified. To ascertain how these initial signaling pathways regulate the global changes that occur at metamorphosis, we have investigated the expression of two classes of genes: (i) those that are expressed but not thought to be functionally required in the veliger larva, and (ii) those that exhibit marked changes in tissue-specific expression induced at metamorphosis. Expression of the genes encoding a larval chymotrypsin and a muscle-specific tropomyosin reveal two distinct developmental pathways governing gene expression and metamorphosis in Haliotis; changes in the synthesis of other proteins and in morphology support this conclusion. One of these pathways, termed the morphogenetic pathway, is linked directly to the processes of settlement and metamorphosis; the induction of tropomyosin in the adult columellar muscle progenitors 48 hr after induction of metamorphosis provides the best and most direct evidence at the molecular level for the existence of this pathway in Haliotis. The other pathway, which we have termed the anticipatory (or preparatory) pathway, is first activated prior to or at the attainment of larval competence, and is induced again at metamorphosis. The induction of expression of a chymotrypsin gene in migrating digestive amoebocytes in the larva, and the depletion of tropomyosin mRNA from cells of the larval retractor muscle, provide molecular evidence for this program. We review here the patterns of expression of these genes, and suggest that the uncoupling of these pathways reflects an adaptation of Haliotis larval development to meet the future demands of benthic life.
Antibiotic Therapy and Outcome of Monomicrobial Gram-negative Bacteraemia: A 3-year population-based study (1997)

Within the 3-y period 1992-94 a total of 815 episodes of monomicrobial bacteraemia caused by Enterobacteriaceae not including Salmonella were registered in the County of Northern Jutland. The 30-d case fatality rate was 24%, ranging from 21% for Enterobacter spp. (n = 43), 22% for E. coli (n = 577) to 32% for both Klebsiella spp. (n = 138) and a group of miscellaneous enterobacteria (n = 57). In 16% of the bacteraemias, antibiotic treatment was not instituted before notification of positive blood cultures; in 9% empirical antibiotic treatment was inappropriate. Antibiotic regimens mainly included beta-lactams, ampicillin or mecillinam in combination with an aminoglycoside. The following factors were independently associated with case fatality: age > or = 75 y, high comorbidity index, admission to a medical ward or an intensive care unit, nosocomial acquisition, a source of infection outside the urinary tract or an undetermined focus, Klebsiella spp., inappropriate coverage or lack of antibiotic treatment before notification of positive blood culture. It is a matter of concern that in one-sixth of patients the physicians had not responded to the possibility of bacteraemia with institution of empirical antibiotic therapy.
Identification of evolutionarily conserved DNA damage response genes that alter sensitivity to cisplatin (2016)

Ovarian, head and neck, and other cancers are commonly treated with cisplatin and other DNA damaging cytotoxic agents. Altered DNA damage response (DDR) contributes to resistance of these tumors to chemotherapies, some targeted therapies, and radiation. DDR involves multiple protein complexes and signaling pathways, some of which are evolutionarily ancient and involve protein orthologs conserved from yeast to humans. To identify new regulators of cisplatin-resistance in human tumors, we integrated high throughput and curated datasets describing yeast genes that regulate sensitivity to cisplatin and/or ionizing radiation. Next, we clustered highly validated genes based on chemogenomic profiling, and then mapped orthologs of these genes in expanded genomic networks for multiple metazoans, including humans. This approach identified an enriched candidate set of genes involved in the regulation of resistance to radiation and/or cisplatin in humans. Direct functional assessment of selected candidate genes using RNA interference confirmed their activity in influencing cisplatin resistance, degree of γH2AX focus formation and ATR phosphorylation, in ovarian and head and neck cancer cell lines, suggesting impaired DDR signaling as the driving mechanism. This work enlarges the set of genes that may contribute to chemotherapy resistance and provides a new contextual resource for interpreting next generation sequencing (NGS) genomic profiling of tumors.
Prevalence and Impact of Hyponatremia in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in New York City (2020)

Hyponatremia occurred in nearly a third of coronavirus disease 2019 patients, was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, and was associated with increased risk of encephalopathy and mechanical ventilation.
Scientific and Clinical Advances Leading to Improved Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis (2008)

Knee osteoarthritis is a very complex and disabling disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach to fully understand its pathogenesis. Key advances in the basic understanding of knee osteoarthritis in both its acute and chronic clinical presentations have led to remarkably successful treatments that can reduce pain, improve joint function, and increase physical activity levels. The purpose of the following papers is to present some of the research that has led to the better understanding of the structure and function of articular cartilage and the initiation, progression, treatment, and rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis.
Photochromic Switches Incorporated in Bridging Ligands: A New Tool to Modulate Energy‐Transfer Processes (2005)

Abstract The thoughful construction of molecular switches has led to a gamut of supramolecular systems that can be used in molecular electronics. These include molecules based on thienylethenes, spiropyrans, fulgides, dithienylphenanthrolines, and diazafluorenes. This article reviews the recent developments made in the synthesis and characterization of all these systems, thereby allowing a comparative study to validate the viability of these switchable molecules on a nanoscale. Also, the drawbacks of each class are demonstrated and, at the same time, the remedies for further improvisation are prescribed. We have made an honest attempt to present an exhaustive account of all the different photochromic switches developed by us hitherto.
Induction of Apoptosis by Isoalantolactone in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells through Activation of the ROS-Dependent JNK Signaling Pathway (2021)

Isoalantolactone (IALT) is one of the isomeric sesquiterpene lactones isolated from the roots of <i>Inula helenium</i> L. IALT is known to possess various biological and pharmacological activities, but its anti-cancer mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of IALT in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to evaluate the potential anti-cancer mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that IALT treatment concentration-dependently suppressed the cell survival of HCC Hep3B cells, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis. IALT increased the expression of death-receptor-related proteins, activated caspases, and induced Bid truncation, subsequently leading to cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, IALT contributed to the cytosolic release of cytochrome c by destroying mitochondrial integrity, following an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. However, IALT-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis were significantly attenuated in the presence of a pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting that IALT induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in Hep3B cells. Moreover, IALT activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway, and the anti-cancer effect of IALT was significantly diminished in the presence of a potent c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. IALT also improved the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas the ROS inhibitor significantly abrogated IALT-induced growth reduction, apoptosis, and JNK activation. Furthermore, ROS-dependent apoptosis was revealed as a mechanism involved in the anti-cancer activity of IALT in a 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model of Hep3B cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that IALT exhibited anti-cancer activity in HCC Hep3B cells by inducing ROS-dependent activation of the JNK signaling pathway.
Microstructure Effect on the Oxygen Permeation through Ba 0.95 La 0.05 FeO 3−δ Membranes Fabricated by Different Methods (2010)

In order to investigate the effect of the microstructure on the oxygen permeation in Ba 0.95 La 0.05 FeO 3−δ membranes, three different methods such as solid‐state reaction, nitrate and acetate decomposition (NAD), and amorphous malic acid precursor (AMP) methods were used to fabricate membranes with different grain sizes. The grain size of the membranes was successfully controlled from 35 to 829 μm 2 via sintering at 1175°–1275°C. The oxygen permeation fluxes through the Ba 0.95 La 0.05 FeO 3−δ membranes increased with a decrease in the grain size. The AMP method, using malic acid as a complexing agent, produced a membrane having the highest oxygen permeability (3.10 cm 3 ·(min·cm 2 ) −1 at 930°C) and the smallest grain size. The results obtained again confirmed the significant importance of microstructure control in designing high‐performance oxygen permeable membranes.
Relationship between Valence States of Copper in Aluminophosphate Glasses and the Emission Properties (2019)

Cu-doped aluminophosphate glasses, whose chemical compositions have been used as the host for Ag-doped radiophotoluminescence (RPL) glass detectors, were prepared in order to examine the relationship between the valence state of Cu and the luminescence properties. Although most of the Cu cations in these glasses were in the divalent state, which was confirmed by optical absorption and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements, emission from Cu + was observed in addition to the emission from the host matrix. It is expected that the reason for the low conversion efficiency will be the low stability of Cu + species compared with Ag + in the same phosphate glasses.
Investigation of Anion Retention and Cation Exclusion Effects for Several C18 Stationary Phases (2007)

When mobile-phase salt content is increased, cationic analytes often show increased retention. This effect is generally attributed to chaotropic or ion pairing effects. However, a cation exclusion mechanism could explain the same effects. In this study, experimental conditions were manipulated to enhance cation exclusion effects and reduce chaotropic/ion pairing effects by using (1) low ionic strength mobile phases to reduce electrostatic screening, (2) a buffer anion (dihydrogen phosphate) that exhibits minimal chaotropic/ion pairing effects, and (3) columns that show evidence of a weak positive charge. Urea was used as neutral void marker and glycinamide (in protonated form) as cationic void marker. It was assumed the difference in retention volumes between void markers would reflect an "excluded volume", inaccessible to cationic analytes. As ionic strength was lowered, it appeared as much as 80% of the pore volume became inaccessible to the glycinamide cation at the lowest ionic strength tested (1.4 mM). Three model cationic analytes showed retention loss approximately proportional to the excluded volume as ionic strength was decreased. This suggests that, under certain conditions, cation exclusion may become the dominant mechanism in mediating the retention of cationic analytes as the mobile-phase salt content is varied.
The Spine Service Line (2007)

The patient with spinal disease is in need of high-quality, proven, and efficient care. Using a systems-based approach, we can minimize escalating costs associated with inefficient health care and delivery. Cooperation between physicians and institutions is critical to this process.
Mechanism for platelet reduction in anti-neuropilin-1 (MNRP1685A)–treated phase I patients. (2011)

e13598 Background: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a high affinity receptor for members of the VEGF family, is expressed on endothelial cells (EC) and tumor cells, and is involved with maturation and remodeling of blood vessels. In two phase I studies, administration of human anti-NRP1 antibody (Ab) MNRP1685A resulted in transient platelet (PLT) reductions in patients. To determine if these PLT reductions were due to PLT production or consumption, we evaluated the binding of MNRP1685A to human megakaryocyte (MK) progenitor cells and PLTs and the impact of MNRP1685A on MK development and PLT function. Methods: MNRP1685A binding to human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), cultured MKs and PLTs was assessed by Western blot (WB), mass spectrometry and flow cytometry (FACS). MNRP1685A effects on platelets from healthy donors and patients on study were analyzed by FACS for activation markers CD62P and activated GPIIbIIIa (PAC1) and evaluated by aggregometry. MNRP1685A effects on MK development were evaluated by HALO proliferation assay and expression of CD61/41 maturation markers via FACS. To examine PLT binding to EC, fluorescein-labeled PLTs were incubated with TNF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the presence of MNRP1685A and HUVEC-associated fluorescence was measured. Results: We demonstrate specific CD32 (FCγR2a)-dependent and independent MNRP1685A binding to human HSC, cultured MKs and PLTs by FACS and WB. There was no effect of MNRP1685A on HSC proliferation or maturation to MK. Exposure of MNRP1685A to human PLTs ex vivo or in vivo (phase 1 patients) result in modest PLT activation via a CD32-dependent mechanism as measured by FACS for CD62P and PAC1, as well as increased PLT aggregation compared to a control Ab. An increase of CD32-dependent binding of PLTs to HUVEC in vitro was observed in the presence of MNRP1685A, but not with a control Ab. Conclusions: MNRP1685A specifically binds to NRP1 on the surface of human PLTs and cells in the MK lineage, induces modest CD32-dependent PLT activation and binding to activated endothelial cells. These properties of MNRP1685A can contribute to PLT consumption and may explain decreases in circulating PLT levels in patients dosed with MNRP1685A in phase I clinical studies.
Laser modes with helical wave fronts (1994)

We report the operation of an argon-ion laser in pure (single-frequency) ``doughnut'' modes of order m=1, 2, and 3. The phase discontinuity at the center of these modes leads to striking two-beam interference patterns that clearly demonstrate the existence of a helical cophasal surface (wave front). The doughnut mode with m=1 (usually called ${\mathrm{TEM}}_{01}^{\mathrm{*}}$) displays a forking interference fringe pattern characteristic of a pure single helix. The m=2 mode shows a pattern with four extra prongs, establishing that the cophasal surface is a two-start or double helix; the m=3 mode is a triple helix with a six-extra-pronged pattern. Each pure doughnut mode is shown to have two possible states corresponding to output wave fronts of opposite helicity.