gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of dihydroflavonol 4-reductases for recombinant plant pigment biosynthesis applications (2008)

Anthocyanins are colorful plant pigments with promising applications as pharmaceuticals and colorants. In order to engineer efficient pigment biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, the activities of various dihydroflavonol 4-reductases (DFRs) were characterized for the three primary dihydroflavonol substrates. The biochemical assays demonstrated variable DFR activities for dihydroflavonol with one B-ring hydroxyl group, the precursor of pelargonidin derivatives. In contrast, dihydroflavonols with two and three B-ring hydroxylation were metabolized with comparable efficiency. Furthermore, the catalysis of DFR for the secondary substrates, flavanones, also depended on the number of B-ring hydroxyl groups. Engineering the expression of the DFR clones together with plant-specific 4-coumaroyl:CoA ligase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and flavanone 3-hydroxylase in E. coli resulted in the synthesis of pelargonidin at various levels, from p-coumaric acids. The identification of a robust DFR from this study can also be used for engineering recombinant synthesis of other bioactive flavonoids, such as flavan-3-ols.
Unusual selectivity in solubilization by block copolymer micelles (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual selectivity in solubilization by block copolymer micellesR. Nagarajan, Maureen Barry, and E. RuckensteinCite this: Langmuir 1986, 2, 2, 210–215Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00068a017https://doi.org/10.1021/la00068a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views708Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BaxRb1-xBiO3 Thin Film Deposition by Molecular Beam Epitaxy Using Distilled Ozone. (1993)

We have carried out detailed investigations on preparation of distilled ozone and rubidium beam flux, and on their influence on an ultra-high-vacuum growth chamber for BaxRb1-xBiO3 thin film deposition by molecular beam epitaxy using distilled ozone. Distilled ozone and stable rubidium-beam-flux can be successfully prepared for use in deposition of high-quality BaxRb1-xBiO3 film by molecular beam epitaxy. Relatively stable rubidium-beam-flux can be obtained by continuous slow heating of Rb2O up to 500-600°C prior to the use of Rb2O in the growth chamber. Large amounts of outgassing products such as hydrogen and nitrogen were found to be emitted from barium and rubidium sources, respectively. It is revealed that distilled ozone and rubidium had no severely bad influence on the ultra-high-vacuum system.
Accurate estimation of joint motion trajectories for rehabilitation using Kinect (2017)

Kinect as an effective tool for clinical assessment and rehabilitation, suffers from drawbacks of lower accuracy of measuring human body kinematic data when compared to clinical gold standard motion capture devices. The accuracy of time-varying 3D locations of a fixed number of body joints obtained from Kinect skeletal tracking utility is affected by the presence of noise and precision limits of the Kinect depth sensor. In this paper, a framework for improving accuracy of Kinect skeletal tracking is proposed, that uses a set of parametric models to represent and track the human body. Each of the models represents the 3D geometric properties of a body segment connecting two adjacent joints. The temporal trajectories of the joints are recovered via particle filter-based motion tracking of each model. The proposed method was evaluated on Active Range of Motion exercises by 7 healthy subjects. The joint motion trajectories obtained using the proposed framework exhibit a greater motion smoothness (by 36%) along with reduced coefficient of variation of radius (by 34%), and lower value of root-mean-squared-error (by 53%), when compared to Kinect joint trajectories. This indicates an improvement in accuracy of joint motion trajectories using Kinect device, rendering it more suitable for clinical assessment and rehabilitation.
Physical thickness 1.x nm ferroelectric HfZrOx negative capacitance FETs (2016)

Ferroelectric HfZrOx (FE-HZO) negative capacitance (NC) FETs is experimentally demonstrated with physical thickness 1.5 nm, SS = 52 mV/dec, hysteresis free (threshold voltage shift = 0.8 mV), and 0.65 nm CET (capacitance equivalent thickness). The NC-FinFET modeling is validated on standard 14nm FinFET. The transient behavior of gate and drain current response are exhibited with triangular gate voltage sweep. The dynamic NC model with compact equivalent circuit for ultra-thin FE-HZO is established with experimental data validation, and estimates the fast response. A feasible concept of coupling the ultra-thin FE-HZO (1.x nm) with NC as gate stack paves a promising solution for sub-10nm technology node.
tbiExtractor: A framework for extracting traumatic brain injury common data elements from radiology reports (2020)

tbiExtractor is a validated algorithm for extraction of TBI common data elements from radiology reports. This automation reduces the time spent to extract structured data and improves the consistency of data extracted. Lastly, tbiExtractor can be used to stratify subjects into groups based on visible damage by partitioning the annotations of the pertinent clinical conditions on a radiology report.
Characterizing the fragmentation of 2,5‐bis (4‐amidinophenyl)furan‐bis‐ O ‐methylamidoxime and selected metabolites using ion trap mass spectrometry (2002)

A novel prodrug [2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan-bis-O-methylamidoxime (DB289)] of the promising antimicrobial agent, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan (DB75), has excellent oral activity. It is currently undergoing phase II clinical evaluation as an orally administered drug candidate against African trypanosomiasis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The sequential product ion (MS(n)) fragmentations of DB289 and selected metabolites were characterized using ion trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. An unusual homolytic bond cleavage, formation of an odd-electron ion from an even-electron ion with the loss of a radical, was commonly seen in the fragmentation patterns of DB289 and its metabolites. Both O-ethyl and N-methyl homologues of DB289 were utilized to confirm this fragmentation pathway. The labile hydrogen atoms in DB289 are readily exchanged with deuterium atoms in the solvent containing deuterium oxide (D2O) instead of water. The mass shift patterns displayed in the product ion spectra of DB289 in D2O proved useful in verifying the fragmentation pathway. Octadeuterated DB289 and DB75 (d-labeling on the diphenyl rings) showed unequivocally that the diphenylfuran moiety is not involved in the fragmentation. The fragmentation pathways uncovered in this work will facilitate structural characterization of all the metabolites produced in the metabolic activation of DB289.
A First-Order Leak-Free Masking Countermeasure. (2012)

One protection of cryptographic implementations against sidechannel attacks is the masking of the sensitive variables. In this article, we present a first-order masking that does not leak information when the registers change values according to some specific (and realistic) rules. This countermeasure applies to all devices that leak a function of the distance between consecutive values of internal variables. In particular, we illustrate its practicality on both hardware and software implementations. Moreover, we introduce a framework to evaluate the soundness of the new first-order masking when the leakage slightly deviates from the rules involved to design the countermeasure. It reveals that the countermeasure remains more efficient than the state-of-the-art first-order masking if the deviation from the ideal model is equal to a few tens of percents, and that it is as good as a first-order Boolean masking even if the deviation is 50%.
Heterogeneous integration of 1-D nanomaterials for electronic circuitry (2010)

One-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials have been extensively explored as the potential building blocks for a variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications due to the continuous increasing demand for miniaturized devices and circuits. In addition, this category of materials possesses a number of unique properties different from bulk materials, such as excellent flexibility, high surface-to-volume ratio, etc., which make them attractive for applications in flexible electronics, sensors, and so on. Nevertheless, controlled and uniform assembly of synthetic 1-D materials with high scalability is still one of the major bottleneck challenges towards the materials and device integration for circuit applications. Here we illustrate the large-scale heterogeneous assembly of highly ordered arrays of organic and inorganic 1-D materials via electrospinning and contact printing methods. These innovative approaches enable the control of the ordering and packing density of 1-D nanomaterials in a significant degree, thus are versatile for the design and implementation of novel electronic circuitry. In particular, we have configured assembled inorganic 1-D materials as a variety of functional electronic and optoelectronic devices, including field-effect transistors, Schottky diodes and photodiodes on both rigid and flexible substrates. Furthermore, we have fabricated and characterized an all-nanowire integrated image sensor. This demonstrates that these functional components can be heterogeneously integrated together to implement nanomaterial-based circuitry.
Polypeptide conjugates that bind chitinases (2012)

This thesis describes the design and synthesis of small molecule derivatives and their polypeptide conjugates as high affinity binders for proteins: the D-dimer protein (D-dimer), a biomarker for diagnosis of thromboembolic diseases; human myeloperoxidase (MPO), a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases; and chitinases, potential targets for asthma therapy. The interactions between the synthetic binder molecules and those proteins were evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Competition SPR experiments or other methods proved that the small molecule components of the binder molecules were critical for binding and specifically bound to the original binding site of small molecules. The binder molecules consisted of a 42-residue helix-loop-helix polypeptide conjugated to a small molecule via aliphatic spacers of suitable length. The small molecules could be any type of moderately binding structure. In the binder development for the D-dimer, the tetrapeptide GPRP with a dissociation constant Kd of 25 μM was used and the affinity of 4C15L8GPRP obtained was estimated to be approximately 3 nM. In the binder development for MPO, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) with Kd of 2 μM was used and the affinity of 4C37L34C11SHA obtained was estimated to be approximately 0.4 nM. In the binder development for chitinases, a theobromine derivative (pentoxifylline) with a Kd of 43±10 μM was used and the affinity of 4C37L34-P obtained was estimated to be considerably higher than that of pentoxifylline. The binder molecules were identified from a 16-membered pool of candidates obtained by conjugating the small molecules to each member of a set of 16 designed polypeptides. The affinities were greatly enhanced by 2-3 orders of magnitude, compared to the small molecule. The polypeptides did not bind to the proteins with measurable affinities. The discovery of these new synthetic binders for protein targets can pave the way to diagnostic tests in vivo or in vitro, independent of antibodies.
31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of frog skin (1982)

The intracellular phosphate composition of whole and split frog skins has been studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The spectra were similar to those previously recorded from isolated epithelial cells of toad bladder. However, qualitative differences were noted in comparison with spectra from whole toad bladder. The 31P spectra from whole frog skin reflect the intracellular compositions of the epithelial cells, whereas subepithelial elements contribute significantly to the total observed 31P signals from toad bladder. Analyzed at 4 degrees C, the average phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP concentrations of frog skin are of similar magnitude. The ratio of [PCr] to [ATP + ADP] depends on time, tissue oxygen tension, temperature, and extracellular inorganic phosphate concentration. Both this ratio and the short-circuit current (measured in parallel experiments) fell during the course of aerating frog skins in Ringer solution at room temperature. The intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) signal was identified. After reduction of extracellular pH, the signal did not shift immediately but subsequently did undergo an acid shift.
Semiconductor Block Copolymer Nanocomposites with Lamellar Morphology via Self-Organization (2008)

Novel semiconductor block copolymers were synthesized using nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP). They are comprised of a hole conductor block carrying tetraphenylbenzidine pendant units (PVDMTPD) and a second poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) block suitable for the preferential incorporation of n-type semiconductor nanocrystals. The conditions of NMRP for both monomers were optimized in order to get macroinitiators with well-defined molecular weights and very low polydispersity (<1.2). The resulting block polymers exhibit a lamellar morphology due to microphase separation. Furthermore, semiconductor nanocomposites were prepared using these diblock copolymers and light harvesting CdSe:Te nanocrystals, and their bulk morphologies were characterized by TEM. This new hybrid nanocomposite material maintains the original lamellar structure in which the hole conductor domains are separated from electron conducting/light harvesting nanocrystals that are confined in the P4VP domains. Thus, the challenging task of applying the block copolymer strategy to obtain fully functionalized semiconductor hybrid nanocomposites with morphological control and stability has been realized.
Abstract 16022: Reactive Oxygen Species in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Contribute to Neural Mechanisms of Hypertension by Modulating Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus (2010)

Background: Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of the brainstem play a pivotal role in the neural mechanism of hypertension. The paraventricular nuc...
Ray-optical determination of the coupling coefficients of grating waveguide by use of the rigorous coupled-wave theory (2001)

The ray-optics approach based on the rigorous coupled wave theory, called rigorous ray-optics method (RROM), is developed for the calculation of backward coupling coefficients of grating waveguide devices. The coupling coefficients of several grating structures, such as rectangular, sinusoidal, triangular, and trapezoidal shapes, are evaluated by the RROM, and they are compared with those obtained by two conventional methods of the ray-optics method (ROM) and the coupled-mode method (CMM). In the case of rectangular gratings, the coupling coefficients are evaluated in more detail by varying grating depth and duty-cycle. We have found that the RROM gives us more exact solutions for the backward coupling coefficients of even arbitrary shapes of diffractive grating waveguides than the other two conventional methods.
Polarization Analysis Of Optical Systems (1989)

For most optical systems it is typically assumed that the transmitted wavefront has uniform for Gaussian) amplitude and constant polarization state. This is the default assumption of geometrical optics. This paper considers methods suitable for analyzing systems for which this assumption is not valid. Such methods of polarization analysis include polarization ray tracing and polarization aberration theory. Definitions of the basic classes of polarization phenomena and a review of the Jones calculus are included to form a basis for the discussion.
High-Current Lanthanum Hexaboride Hollow Cathode for 10-to-50-kW Hall Thrusters (2012)

Space missions continue to demand higher power Hall thrusters that provide high thrust and long life. For in-space propulsion applications such as high-power orbit raising and cargo missions, Hall thrusters capable of operating in the range of 10-50 kW are in development. The hollow cathodes for these thrusters will be required to produce discharge currents of 20-100 A with lifetimes well in excess of 10 kh. A lanthanum hexaboride (LaB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> ) hollow cathode with these capabilities has been developed that features graphite tubes or sleeves to provide a diffusion boundary that protects the LaB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> electron emitter from chemical reactions with the refractory metal support structure and includes a long-life heater capable of igniting the high-temperature electron emitter. Cathode operation has been fully characterized at currents of 20-100 A including probe measurements of the plasma parameters inside the LaB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> insert and energetic ion measurements in the cathode plume. The cathode was also tested at up to 200 A of discharge current to explore the cathode failure mechanisms. While the LaB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> cathode operates at higher temperatures than conventional barium oxide-impregnated dispenser cathode, LaB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> provides very high discharge currents, long life, and significantly less sensitivity to propellant impurities and air exposure than conventional dispenser cathodes.
Optically driven ultra-wideband phased array with a novel optical feed network (2013)

An optically driven phased array with a novel optical feed network and an ultra-wideband down-conversion module is presented. The proposed technique successfully alleviates phase drift of signal in fibers, therefore allowing for an accurate control of phase in order to achieve beam steering. We also analyzed the excessive noise in the feed network which will lead to spurious beam when beam steering is performed on a phased array. This problem can be mitigated by applying a polarization controller before a phase modulator. In the end, we demonstrate experimental results of a 1×2 Q-band horn antenna array.
The Catalytic Cracking of Cumene (1982)

Abstract Science, by its very nature, aspires to the orderly arrangement of knowledge in a way which will allow predictive interpolation and even cautious extrapolation into unstudied regions of performance on the basis of known data. So it is that in the study of kinetics many sophisticated attempts have been made to calculate the rate parameters for some of the simplest gas-phase reactions from basic physical measurements. Most such attempts have so far ended in failure, and kinetics remains basically an experimental science.
Development of a Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Instrument to Measure Size Distributions of Nanoparticles (2006)

Abstract This study presents a new method for measuring size distributions of colloidal nanoparticles in a liquid dispersion. This method is based on a photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) combined with a flow cell and a size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The SEC unit classifies injected nanoparticles into several monodisperse nanoparticles. The classified nanoparticles introduced from the SEC unit are analyzed sequentially by the PCS unit. The size distribution of the polydisperse mixture was calculated by integration of all the monodisperse distributions. The size distributions obtained using the new method were compared with those obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis. For the three kinds of colloidal silica nanoparticles used in this study, good agreement was found, verifying the utility of the methodology.
Adaptive Caching via Deep Reinforcement Learning. (2019)

Caching is envisioned to play a critical role in next-generation content delivery infrastructure, cellular networks, and Internet architectures. By smartly storing the most popular contents at the storage-enabled network entities during off-peak demand instances, caching can benefit both network infrastructure as well as end users, during on-peak periods. In this context, distributing the limited storage capacity across network entities calls for decentralized caching schemes. Many practical caching systems involve a parent caching node connected to multiple leaf nodes to serve user file requests. To model the two-way interactive influence between caching decisions at the parent and leaf nodes, a reinforcement learning framework is put forth. To handle the large continuous state space, a scalable deep reinforcement learning approach is pursued. The novel approach relies on a deep Q-network to learn the Q-function, and thus the optimal caching policy, in an online fashion. Reinforcing the parent node with ability to learn-and-adapt to unknown policies of leaf nodes as well as spatio-temporal dynamic evolution of file requests, results in remarkable caching performance, as corroborated through numerical tests.
Reinforcement Learning Empowered Massive IoT Access in LEO-based Non-Terrestrial Networks (2022)

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite (SAT) networks exhibit ultra-wide coverage under time-varying SAT network topology. Such wide coverage makes the LEO SAT network support the massive IoT, however, such massive access put existing multiple access protocols ill-suited. To overcome this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel contention-based random access solution for massive IoT in LEO SAT networks. Not only showing the performance of our proposed approach (see, Table II), but we also discuss the issue of scalability of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) by showing the convergence behavior (see, Table III and IV).