gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dihydroxyacetone Exposure Alters NAD(P)H and Induces Mitochondrial Stress and Autophagy in HEK293T Cells (2019)

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is the endogenous byproduct of fructose metabolism. Excess DHAP in cells can induce advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is the triose precursor to DHAP. DHA is used as the active ingredient in sunless tanning products, including aerosolized spray tans, and is formed by the combustion of solvents found in electronic cigarettes. Human exposure to DHA has been increasing as the popularity of sunless tanning products and electronic cigarettes has grown. Topically applied DHA is absorbed through the viable layers of the skin and into the bloodstream. Exogenous exposure to DHA is cytotoxic in immortalized keratinocytes and melanoma cells with cell cycle arrest induced within 24 h and cell death occurring by apoptosis at consumer-relevant concentrations of DHA within 72 h. Less is known about systemic exposures to DHA that occur following absorption through skin, and now through inhalation of the aerosolized DHA used in spray tanning. In the present study, HEK293T cells were exposed to consumer-relevant concentrations of DHA to examine the cytotoxicity of systemic exposures. HEK293T cells were sensitive to consumer-relevant doses of DHA with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 2.4 ± 0.3 mM. However, cell cycle arrest did not begin until 48 h after DHA exposure. DHA-exposed cells showed altered metabolic activity with decreased mitochondrial function and decreased lactate and ATP production observed within 24 h of exposure. Autofluorescent imaging and NAD<sup>+</sup> sensors also revealed an imbalance in the redox cofactors NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH within 24 h of exposure. Cell death occurred by autophagy indicated by increases in LC3B and SIRT1. Despite DHA's ability to be converted to DHAP and integrated into metabolic pathways, the metabolic dysfunction and starvation responses observed in the HEK293T cells indicate that DHA does not readily contribute to the energetic pool in these cells.
Accurate Non-Invasive Temperature Monitoring Device (2017)

Core temperature is one of the most tightly auto-regulated physiological processes. Anesthetic drugs compromise the body’s ability to thermoregulate. When core temperature is outside of the normothermia range, patients are at increased risk of myriad complications. Hypothermic patients are at higher risk of, among other things, increased wound infections2, increased blood loss3, increased ICU times and hospital stays2, higher mortality rates4, increased transfusion requirements3. “Even mildly hypothermic patients could suffer an increase in adverse outcomes that can add costs of as much as $2,500–$7,000 per patient.”5 These risks are great such that clinicians actively warm hypothermic patients to achieve normothermia. Given the importance of the core temperature on outcomes, there is a clear necessity for accurate core temperature measurement. Core temperature measurement is often misunderstood. Perhaps due to the pervasive home use of oral mercury thermometers to “take your temperature,” many wrongly assume that non-invasive core temperature is measured easily and accurately. Oral, axilla, nasal are all unreliable. Temporal/forehead and ear are particularly inaccurate. “Global authorities in anesthesiology and medicine have cited inadequacies with virtually all thermometry”6 False assurance or false alarm are both dangerous. There is currently no non-invasive way to reliably and accurately measure core temperature. Why is this? The peripheral compartment is not in equilibrium with core. Fat and other layers further complicate the matter. Fat has the thermal conductivity of oak, and thus non-invasive methods to measure core are as Abreu puts it “taking measurements on the outside surface of an oak cask to determine the temperature of its contents.”6 Laws of Thermodynamics notwithstanding, many still try. Invasive esophageal or rectal and to a lesser extent bladder, are the only way to accurately measure core. The fact is, in order to measure their patients’ core temperature vital sign accurately, clinicians have only available to them the medical equivalent of a meat thermometer. Intubated patients under general anesthesia are perfectly suited for invasive core temperature monitoring. They are not going to gag the esophageal stethoscope, nor would they find rectal or bladder probing uncomfortable in their unconsciousness. Clinicians may find probing mildly unpleasant and a minor time consumption, but once again, given the lack of alternatives, the only real option is to grin and bear it. General anesthesia is not without risks, especially with increasingly increasing patients, and as sedation or blocks become more popular, invasive core temperature monitoring is unpractical. This highlights the stark question: Is it possible to accurately and reliably ascertain core temperature non-invasively?
In Silico Prediction of Buffer Solubility Based on Quantum-Mechanical and HQSAR- and Topology-Based Descriptors (2006)

We present an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the prediction of solubility of organic compounds in buffer at pH 6.5, thus mimicking the medium in the human gastrointestinal tract. The model was derived from consistently performed solubility measurements of about 5000 compounds. Semiempirical VAMP/AM1 quantum-chemical wave function derived, HQSAR-derived logP, and topology-based descriptors were employed after preselection of significant contributors by statistical and data mining approaches. Ten ANNs were trained each with 90% as a training set and 10% as a test set, and deterministic analysis of prediction quality was used in an iterative manner to optimize ANN architecture and descriptor space, based on Corina 3D molecular structure and AM1/COSMO single point wave function. In production mode, a mean prediction value of the 10 ANNs is created, as is a standard deviation based quality parameter. The productive ANN based on Corina geometries and AM1/COSMO wave function gives an r2cv of 0.50 and a root-mean-square error of 0.71 log units, with 87 and 96% of the compounds having an error of less than 1 and 1.5 log units, respectively. The model is able to predict permanently charged species, e.g. zwitterions or quaternary amines, and problematic structures such as tautomers and unresolved diastereomers almost as well as neutral compounds.
Gut Dysbiosis With Bacilli Dominance and Accumulation of Fermentation Products Precedes Late-onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants (2018)

Intestinal dysbiosis preceding LOS is characterized by an accumulation of Bacilli and their fermentation products and a paucity of anaerobic bacteria. Early microbiome and metabolic patterns may become a valuable biomarker to guide individualized prevention strategies of LOS in highly vulnerable populations.
Dry photolithographic patterning process for organic electronic devices using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent (2008)

The particular challenge of micropatterning organic materials has stimulated numerous approaches for making effective and repeatable patterned structures with fine features. Among all the micropatterning techniques photolithography, being the preferred method for the inorganic semiconductor industry, did not create much impact due to its incompatibility with the majority of organic electronic materials. Here we introduce a novel, chemically benign approach to dry photolithographic patterning of organic materials using super-critical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a green developing solvent. We illustrate the possible applications of the new technique by patterning conducting polymers and light emitting polymers for organic light emitting diodes.
Point mutations of the connexin32 (GJB1) gene in X-linked dominant Charcot — Marie — Tooth neuropathy (1994)

Ten families with X-linked dominant CMT neuropathy (CMTX1) were screened for point mutations of the connexin32 (Cx32, GJB1) gene. Two families showed missense mutations, respectively an A-->G transition at amino acid 102 (glutamate to glycine) and a C-->T transition at amino acid 142 (arginine to tryptophan). Three families showed nonsense mutations, respectively a C-->T transition at amino acid 22 (arginine to stop) a G-->T transversion at amino acid 186 (glutamate to stop), and a T-->A transversion at amino acid 217 (cysteine to stop). Five CMTX1 neuropathy families showed no evidence of point mutations of the connexin32 coding sequence. These findings suggest that the CMTX1 neuropathy genotype is heterogeneous or the result of promoter mutations, 3'-untranslated region mutations or exon/intron splice site mutations. Four of the reported mutations created or destroyed restriction enzyme sites: a HaeIII restriction enzyme site was destroyed by the mutation at amino acid position 22, a HpaII site was eliminated at amino acid position 142, a Bfal restriction site was created by the mutation at amino acid 186 and a Ddel restriction site was created by the mutation at amino acid 217. These changes allowed us to test family members for the mutations and observe the segregation of the disease with the mutations.
Intracavity photoacoustic sensing of water vapor with a continuously tunable external-cavity quantum-cascade laser operating near 55  μm (2016)

A gas sensor integrating a pulsed external-cavity quantum-cascade laser and a photoacoustic (PA) cell placed inside the laser cavity is described. The laser design allows a continuously tunable and mode-hop-free operation with an estimated instrument-limited linewidth of 0.063 cm<sup>-1</sup> in Littrow or Littman-Metcalf cavity configurations. Due to higher intracavity power levels, the PA signal for the cell located within the laser cavity is 80-320 times stronger than the signal for the same cell placed outside the cavity. The sensor shows a good capability to identify individual absorption lines of isotopic H<sub>2</sub>O16, H<sub>2</sub>O8, and H<sub>2</sub>O17 species within a narrow spectral interval from 1814 to 1821 cm<sup>-1</sup> at natural isotope abundances.
Integrated passives for a DECT VCO (2000)

Today's wireless radio applications such as DECT, require highly integrated transceiver solutions. However, traditional front-end implementations require a large number of discrete components. As most of these components are passive devices and as the active devices are integrated on only a few chips, cost effective integration of the passive devices into the interconnection substrate is a very attractive approach. This work presents the use of thin film MCM-D technology for the integration of a VCO circuit. The circuit itself contains a resonator, a negative resistance, an isolation amplifier stage and a transmit/receive switch. In our approach 4 active devices (2 bare die diodes and 2 bare die bipolar transistors) have to be placed on the module, while 28 other passives are fabricated on the glass substrate. The integrated MCM-D passives used in the circuit are TaN resistors, high Q spiral inductors, BCB- and Ta 2 O 5 -capacitors At 925 MHz the VCO shows an output power of-5 dBm and a phase noise performance of-109.7 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz off the carrier as predicted from simulations. A thorough characterisation will be presented. This thin film MCM-D approach also allows a size reduction with a factor of five as compared to a discrete realisation of the same function.
Investigation of Metal Ion Effect on Specific DNA Sequences and DNA Hybridization (2019)

Abstract In this article, we investigated the sequence specific interaction of single (ssDNA) and double stranded (dsDNA) with silver ions (Ag + ) with electrochemical methods. We, for the first time, examined the effect of base sequences, base content and physiochemical properties of different DNA sequences on interaction with Ag + in detail. We used different base contents to show how the composition of nucleic acid influences the electrochemical signals. We first immobilized ssDNA probes on bare graphite electrodes. Then, we showed the sequence effect on oxidation signals of AgDNA complex by sensing Ag + to the probe coated surfaces to interact with different ssDNA sequences. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Ag + on dsDNA. We measured the oxidation signals obtained from Ag + ‐ssDNA and Ag + ‐dsDNA complex at approximately 0.2 V and 1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), respectively with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). We showed that the oxidation signals of the AgDNA complex obtained from dsDNA‐modified electrodes is higher than the electrodes modified with ssDNA. More importantly, we showed that Ag + ‐ssDNA and Ag + ion‐dsDNA exhibit different electrochemical behaviors.
Design of optimal minimum-phase digital FIR filters using discrete Hilbert transforms (2000)

We present a robust noniterative algorithm to design optimal minimum-phase digital FIR filters with real or complex coefficients. We derive: (1) the discrete Hilbert transform (DHT) of the complex cepstrum of a causal complex minimum-phase sequence and (2) the minimum fast Fourier transform length for computing the DHT to achieve a desired coefficient accuracy.
Self-aligned capillarity-assisted printing of top-gate thin-film transistors on plastic (2018)

Top-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated on plastic using a self-aligned method based on capillarity-assisted lithography and inkjet printing, offering a promising platform for high-throughput manufacturing of flexible electronic devices. Plastic substrates are imprinted with a multi-tier structure containing capillary channels and ink receivers using a precision mold. Liquid inks are sequentially delivered to the microstructured substrate by inkjet printing, and capillary action draws the inks into a multi-tier capillary channel network designed for top-gate TFTs. The combination of imprinting, inkjet printing, and capillary flow yields self-aligned multi-layered devices without requiring precise registration for inkjet printing. The printed top-gate TFTs with Ag/Cu source and drain, poly(3-hexylthiophene) semiconducting channel, ion gel dielectric, and graphene gate electrode have desirable transfer and output characteristics, with a hole mobility of 0.48 cm2 V−1 s−1, threshold voltage of −0.86 V, on/off current ratio of 104.5, and robust tolerance to bending. The top-gate geometry and careful materials selection yields devices with negligible hysteresis and sweep rate dependence, establishing the versatility and utility of this self-aligned strategy for more widespread application in printed and flexible electronics.
P4‐313: Commutability of the Candidate Certified Reference Materials for the Standardization of Aβ1‐42 Measurements in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (2016)

The 42 amino acid-long amyloid-β (Aβ42) peptide in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that can be used in the clinical diagnostic process and as an inclusion criterion for clinical trials with the aim of finding disease modifying drugs. However, the straightforward utility of Aβ42 has been partly hampered by the variability in measurement results obtained when using assays from different manufacturers. This variability can be overcome by standardization of those assays through the use of certified reference materials (CRMs) and the establishment of a traceability chain. Three different candidate CRMs, prepared by the Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements, and 34 individual CSF samples selected to cover the clinically relevant range of Aβ42 concentrations, were measured with six Aβ42 immunoassays and the reference measurement procedure (RMP) for Aβ42. The samples were measured by the manufacturers of the immunoassays (i.e., Roche, ADx, IBL, MesoScale, Fujirebio), while the measurements with the RMP were done in the Neurochemistry laboratory in Mölndal, Sweden. Commutability was evaluated using Passing-Bablok regression and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The correlations for all pairwise method comparisons were excellent with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.97 with a range of 0.94-0.99. Besides a few exceptions, all candidate CRMs were within the 95% confidence interval of the Passing-Bablok regression analysis. The candidate CRMs were found to be commutable for all method comparisons. After the value assignment is completed, the CRMs will be released and can be used by the IVD manufacturers to recalibrate their assays as mandated in the EU Directive on In Vitro Diagnostics Medical Devices (Directive 98/79/EC). The release of the materials should improve the concordance of measurement results between different analytical platforms and will allow the establishment of a global diagnostic cutoff value for Aβ42 in CSF that can be used for the diagnosis of AD.
FeNC catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to CO: effect of nanostructured carbon supports (2019)

Iron- and nitrogen-doped carbon materials (FeNC) are excellent catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction to CO. Current density and selectivity can be significantly improved by mixing FeNC with carbon materials such as carbon nanofibers.
Effect of die geometry on the structural development of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer in a thermoplastic elastomer matrix (1995)

Abstract This study investigates deformation of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) in different die geometries. Blends of aTLCP with a thermiplastic elastomer of EPDM were made in a twin‐screw extruder. Morphological observation of the extruded blends demonstrates the complimentary effect of shear in the die exit on dispersed phase deformation and fibril formation. Shear strain can affect fibril formation for a relatively large dispersed phase in the region close to the die wall. However, the main role of shearing is in breaking up the larger particles and initial polydomain structure. A strong elongational deformation on the blended melt after the die exit is required, and fine microfibrils normally obnserved in in situ composites were not easily formed by shear deformation only in the die.
Peripheral inflammation induces neuroinflammation that alters neurotransmission and cognitive and motor function in hepatic encephalopathy: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications (2019)

Abstract Several million patients with liver cirrhosis suffer minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), with mild cognitive and coordination impairments that reduce their quality of life and life span. Hyperammonaemia and peripheral inflammation act synergistically to induce these neurological alterations. We propose that MHE appearance is because of the changes in peripheral immune system, which are transmitted to brain, leading to neuroinflammation that alters neurotransmission leading to cognitive and motor alterations. We summarize studies showing that MHE in cirrhotic patients is associated with alterations in the immune system and that patients died with HE show neuroinflammation in cerebellum, with microglial and astrocytic activation and Purkinje cell loss. We also summarize studies in animal models of MHE on the role of peripheral inflammation in neuroinflammation induction, how neuroinflammation alters neurotransmission and how this leads to cognitive and motor alterations. These studies identify therapeutic targets and treatments that improve cognitive and motor function. Rats with MHE show neuroinflammation in hippocampus and altered NMDA and AMPA receptor membrane expression, which impairs spatial learning and memory. Neuroinflammation in cerebellum is associated with altered GABA transporters and extracellular GABA, which impair motor coordination and learning in a Y maze. These alterations are reversed by treatments that reduce peripheral inflammation (anti‐TNFα, ibuprofen), neuroinflammation (sulphoraphane, p38 inhibitors), GABAergic tone (bicuculline, pregnenolone sulphate) or increase extracellular cGMP (sildenafil or cGMP). The mechanisms identified would also occur in other chronic diseases associated with inflammation, aging and some mental and neurodegenerative diseases. Treatments that improve MHE may also be beneficial to treat these pathologies.
From genes to genome biology: a new era in Helicobacter pylori research (1998)

In August 1997 the complete annotated genome sequence of Helicobacter pylori was published,1 just 15 years after the organism was first cultured.2 This is an important milestone in gastroenterology research as H pylori is the first enteropathogen to be fully sequenced. The availability of a complete genetic data set heralds a new era in H pylori research as it will provide a framework for global studies of virulence and other aspects of the organism’s biology. In this article we outline the genomics approaches that can now be applied and highlight the potential practical benefits of this research in terms of eradication therapy and disease prevention. Scientists at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) (http://www.tigr.org) have determined the order of the 1 667 867 nucleotides that constitute the circular chromosomal content of H pylori strain ACTC 26695.1 Initial computer analysis suggests the presence of 1590 open reading frames (ORFs or genes), of which nearly 70% can be matched to genes encoding proteins of known function. This immense achievement gives us unequalled opportunities to relate gene sequence to biology and will provide insight into many aspects of the organism’s biology, such as replication, DNA repair, metabolism, ion and protein transport, cell wall structure, and virulence. The most intriguing findings are as follows:
ChemInform Abstract: Dendrimers at Surfaces and Interfaces: Chemistry and Applications (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exogenous Sialic Acid Transport Contributes to Group B Streptococcus Infection of Mucosal Surfaces (2012)

By sequence analysis of available group B streptococcus (GBS) genomes, we discovered a conserved putative operon involved in the catabolism of sialic acid, containing a tripartite transporter formed by two integral membrane components and a sugar-binding unit, named SAL0039. Expression analysis in the presence of different substrates revealed that SAL0039 was specifically upregulated by the presence of sialic acid and downregulated when bacteria were grown in human blood or in the presence of a high concentration of glucose. The role of SAL0039 in sugar transport was supported by the inability of the sal0039 deletion mutant strain to import exogenous sialic acid and to grow in semidefined medium supplemented with this sugar. Furthermore, in vivo evidence showed that the presence of exogenous sialic acid significantly increased the capacity of GBS to infect mice at the mucosal level. These findings suggest that transport of sialic acid may also contribute to GBS infections.