gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying a microfacet model to polarized light scattering measurements of the Earth's surface (2015)

Representative examples from three-years of measurements from JPL's Ground-based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (Ground-MSPI)[1] are compared to a model for the surface polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution matrix (BRDM). Ground-MSPI is an eight-band spectropolarimetric camera mounted on a rotating gimbal to acquire push-broom imagery of outdoor landscapes. The camera uses a photoelastic-modulator-based polarimetric imaging technique to measure linear Stokes parameters in three wavebands (470, 660, and 865 nm) with a &plusmn;0.005 uncertainty in degree of linear polarization (DoLP). Comparisons between MSPI measurements, BRDM models, and common modifications to the model are made over a range of scattering angles determined from a fixed viewing geometry and varying sun positions over time. The BRDM model is comprised of a volumetric reflection term plus a specular reflection term of Fresnel-reflecting micro-facets. We consider modifications to this model using a shadowing function and two different micro-facet scattering density functions. We report the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the Ground-MSPI measurements and BRDM model. The BRDM model predicts an angle of the linear polarization (AoLP) that is perpendicular to the scattering plane. This is usually, but not always, observed in Ground-MSPI measurements and in this work we offer explanations for some of the deviations from the model.
Two-photon absorption generated by optically amplified signals (2008)

Two-photon absorption generated by band-limited amplified spontaneous emission noise was found to be twice that generated by a continuous-wave optical signal with the same average power. A simple formula for describing the two-photon absorption generated by optically amplified signals has been obtained and confirmed experimentally.
Emulation in post-silicon validation: It's not just for functionality anymore (2012)

FPGA-based emulation has emerged as an important tool in the overall validation process for an increasing number of large integrated circuits. Emulation gives the ability to validate a design using long-running, realistic tests, which are infeasible to perform using simulation. Traditionally, however, FPGA-based emulation has been used to validate only the functional behavior of an integrated circuit, since circuit-level properties (e.g., timing, noise margins, etc.) are obviously different between the FPGA emulation and the final integrated circuit. In this paper, we show that emulation can also be used as an important tool to assist validation of more than just functional behavior. In particular, we show how FPGA-based emulation can be used to evaluate the critical-path timing coverage of a validation plan, and show that the area and timing overheads are acceptable. We demonstrate this technique to measure the critical-path coverage of a complex SoC using common postsilicon validation tests - including booting Linux, and running targeted and random programs - giving valuable insight into the quality of such tests in covering the timing paths in a design post-silicon.
Cancer Vaccines and T Cell Therapy (2012)

The treatment of hematologic malignancies by harnessing immune responses has long been pursued. It is well accepted that the success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a treatment for hematologic malignancies is due primarily to immunologic recognition and elimination of recipient leukemia cells by donor T cells, termed the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Based on the discovery and identification of leukemia antigens, it is now possible to target leukemia either by specific vaccination or by adoptive transfer of in vitro–generated antileukemia cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).
Investigation of Maximum Current Sensing Window for Two-Side Operation, Four-bit/cell MLC Nitride-Trapping Nonvolatile Flash Memories (2004)

Localized charges in a nitride-trapping device provide two-bit/cell operations. Adding multilevel-cells (MLCs) to the physical bits produces a four-bit/cell device. However, it is difficult to get sufficient sensing windows for MLC operation because the left bit and right bit interfere with each other. This letter analyzes the effect of the second bit effect and investigates parameters affecting the sensing current window for physical four-bit/cell operations. The sensing window is found to increase with a higher reading bias, and also with a higher programmed V/sub t/. However, severe second bit effects set in at high V/sub t/, and decreased the sensing window again. An optimal sensing window is found at moderately high V/sub t/.
Standard guidelines for publication of deep brain stimulation studies in Parkinson's disease (Guide4DBS‐PD) (2010)

While the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of neurological disorders has risen substantially over the last decade, it is often difficult to compare the results from different studies due to the lack of consistent reporting of key study parameters. We present guidelines to standardize the reporting of clinical studies of DBS for Parkinson's disease (PD). These guidelines provide a minimal set of required data elements to facilitate the interpretation and comparison of results across published clinical studies. The guidelines, summarized in the format of a checklist, may also have utility in the planning of clinical studies of DBS for PD as well as other neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Crystal structure of [1R,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2,3-bis(2,6- diisopropylphen-l-yl)imine]nickeldibromide]–toluene (1:1), C34H48Br2N2Ni · C7H8 (2003)

Article Crystal structure of [1R,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2,3-bis(2,6- diisopropylphen-l-yl)imine]nickeldibromide]–toluene (1:1), C34H48Br2N2Ni · C7H8 was published on December 1, 2003 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 218, issue JG).
Construction of a scanning two-dimensional Thomson scattering system for Alcator C-Mod (1992)

A novel Thomson scattering diagnostic for the Alcator C-Mod tokamak is nearing operation. A vertically oriented 1-J Nd:YAG laser beam will be viewed along eleven (initially six) quasihorizontal chords simultaneously for one-dimensional profiles every laser pulse. Each chord is viewed by a Wadsworth grating spectrometer. Laser operation at 50 pps gives a coarse time axis. A counterrotating prism arrangement steps the laser position by up to 2 cm between pulses, allowing full two-dimensional profiles to be obtained over 160 ms (within the 14-cm accessible plasma region) during a single shot. Design details, calibration results, and control system and alignment details are presented.
Morphological and microcirculatory evaluation of the rat testis after detorsion with or without a capsular release with a tunica vaginalis flap (2016)

白天。睾丸经历了萎缩和上皮的坏死，但是减压的体积更低(1.07 &#x000b1；0.08 对 1.25 &#x000b1；0.31 ) 。组织学地，在上皮的损坏分数在之间没有重要差别减压并且 nondecompressed 睾丸。在结论， 2-h 局部缺血两个都在阴囊的 microcirculation，在体积的减小，在 hemorheological 参数的变化和严肃的上皮的坏死导致了改变在减压并且没有显著差别的 nondecompressed 睾丸。
Vaccination endpoints: mucosal PCR or Covid-19 disease? (2021)

2021. Editorial. Faut-il vacciner contre la détection par PCR ou contre la maladie Covid-19 ? Pierre Sonigo, Caroline Petit, Nathalie Jane Arhel. Virologie 2021, 25(5) : 241-4. (doi:10.1684/vir.2021.0915).
Improvement of H2S Sensing Properties of SnO2-Based Thick Film Gas Sensors Promoted with MoO3 and NiO (2013)

The effects of the SnO2 pore size and metal oxide promoters on the sensing properties of SnO2-based thick film gas sensors were investigated to improve the detection of very low H2S concentrations (<1 ppm). SnO2 sensors and SnO2-based thick-film gas sensors promoted with NiO, ZnO, MoO3, CuO or Fe2O3 were prepared, and their sensing properties were examined in a flow system. The SnO2 materials were prepared by calcining SnO2 at 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 °C to give materials identified as SnO2(600), SnO2(800), SnO2(1000), and SnO2(1200), respectively. The Sn(12)Mo5Ni3 sensor, which was prepared by physically mixing 5 wt% MoO3 (Mo5), 3 wt% NiO (Ni3) and SnO2(1200) with a large pore size of 312 nm, exhibited a high sensor response of approximately 75% for the detection of 1 ppm H2S at 350 °C with excellent recovery properties. Unlike the SnO2 sensors, its response was maintained during multiple cycles without deactivation. This was attributed to the promoter effect of MoO3. In particular, the Sn(12)Mo5Ni3 sensor developed in this study showed twice the response of the Sn(6)Mo5Ni3 sensor, which was prepared by SnO2(600) with the smaller pore size than SnO2(1200). The excellent sensor response and recovery properties of Sn(12)Mo5Ni3 are believed to be due to the combined promoter effects of MoO3 and NiO and the diffusion effect of H2S as a result of the large pore size of SnO2.
Reprocessing N95 Respirators During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moist Heat Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 and Maintains N95 Filtration (2020)

Abstract Background The unprecedented demand and consequent global shortage of N95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic have left frontline workers vulnerable to infection. To potentially expand the supply, we validated a rapidly applicable low-cost decontamination protocol in compliance with regulatory standards to enable the safe reuse of personalized, disposable N95-respirators. Methods Four common models of N95-respirators were disinfected for 60 minutes at 70°C either at 0% or 50% relative humidity (RH). Effective inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and E. coli was evaluated in inoculated masks. The N95 filter integrity was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The protective function of disinfected N95 respirators was tested against US NIOSH standards for particle filtration efficiency, breathing resistance and respirator fit. Results A single heat treatment inactivated both SARS-CoV-2 (undetectable, detection limit: 100 TCID50/ml) and E. coli (0 colonies at 50%RH) in all four respirator models. Even N95-respirators that underwent ten decontamination cycles maintained their integrity and met US-governmental criteria for approval regarding fit, filtration efficiency and breathing resistance. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated maintained N95 fiber diameter compared to baseline. Interpretation Thermal disinfection enables large-scale, low cost decontamination of existing N95 respirators using commonly sourced equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This process could be used in hospitals and long term care facilities and also provides a feasible approach to expand the N95 supply in low- and middle-income regions.
Nonlinear channel identification and performance analysis with PSK inputs (2002)

Many real life systems are nonlinear. We focus on the so-called Volterra models and the input-output aspect of the identification problem. To this date, closed form solutions for the Volterra kernels exist only for Gaussian inputs and they are usually in rather complicated forms. In this paper, we adopt a class of non-Gaussian inputs, namely the PSK (phase shift keying) sequences, which are common in digital communications systems. Such signals allow for simple closed form solutions of the Volterra kernels of any order. Kernels are estimated separately thus preventing error propagation. Signal independent zero-mean additive noise can also be tolerated even when its color and distribution are unknown. Because closed form solutions for the kernels are available, explicit variance expressions for their estimates can also be derived. Simulation results verify our theoretical findings.
β2-spectrin (SPTBN1) as a therapeutic target for diet-induced liver disease and preventing cancer development (2021)

The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver cancer is increasing. De novo lipogenesis and fibrosis contribute to disease progression and cancerous transformation. Here, we found that β2-spectrin (SPTBN1) promotes sterol regulatory element (SRE)–binding protein (SREBP)–stimulated lipogenesis and development of liver cancer in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a western diet (WD). Either hepatocyte-specific knockout of SPTBN1 or siRNA-mediated therapy protected mice from HFD/WD-induced obesity and fibrosis, lipid accumulation, and tissue damage in the liver. Biochemical analysis suggested that HFD/WD induces SPTBN1 and SREBP1 cleavage by CASPASE-3 and that the cleaved products interact to promote expression of genes with sterol response elements. Analysis of human NASH tissue revealed increased <i>SPTBN1</i> and <i>CASPASE-3</i> expression. Thus, our data indicate that SPTBN1 represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention in NASH and liver cancer.
Inside Back Cover: Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of a Large‐Pore Zeolite with the IWV Framework (Chem. Eur. J. 12/2016) (2016)

Zeolite IWV is a large-pore material with potential applications in processing bulky hydrocarbon and biomass-derived molecules. It contains an internal set of 14-membered rings (MRs) that are only accessible through 12-MRs, leading to interesting shape- and size-selective catalytic environments. The synthesis of aluminosilicate IWV under industrially relevant conditions has been demonstrated across a wide composition range, and the zeolite shows catalytic activity in the hydroisomerization of n-hexane. More information can be found in the Full Paper by M. E. Davis et al. on page 4022 ff.
Towards Modeling and Influencing the Dynamics of Human Learning (2023)

Humans have internal models of robots (like their physical capabilities), the world (like what will happen next), and their tasks (like a preferred goal). However, human internal models are not always perfect: for example, it is easy to underestimate a robot's inertia. Nevertheless, these models change and improve over time as humans gather more experience. Interestingly, robot actions influence what this experience is, and therefore influence how people's internal models change. In this work we take a step towards enabling robots to understand the influence they have, leverage it to better assist people, and help human models more quickly align with reality. Our key idea is to model the human's learning as a nonlinear dynamical system which evolves the human's internal model given new observations. We formulate a novel optimization problem to infer the human's learning dynamics from demonstrations that naturally exhibit human learning. We then formalize how robots can influence human learning by embedding the human's learning dynamics model into the robot planning problem. Although our formulations provide concrete problem statements, they are intractable to solve in full generality. We contribute an approximation that sacrifices the complexity of the human internal models we can represent, but enables robots to learn the nonlinear dynamics of these internal models. We evaluate our inference and planning methods in a suite of simulated environments and an in-person user study, where a 7DOF robotic arm teaches participants to be better teleoperators. While influencing human learning remains an open problem, our results demonstrate that this influence is possible and can be helpful in real human-robot interaction.
Toward Improved Conductivity of Sulfonated Aromatic Proton Exchange Membranes at Low Relative Humidity (2008)

Three sulfonated aromatic polymers with different sequence lengths were studied in order to better understand the relationship between molecular structure, morphology, and properties of proton exchange membranes as a function of relative humidity. A random copolymer with a statistical distribution of sulfonic acid groups had very small domain sizes, whereas an alternating polymer with sulfonic acid groups spaced evenly along the polymer chain was found to have larger, but quite isolated, domains. The multiblock copolymer studied herein showed highly phase-separated hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, with good long-range connectivity. Scanning force microscopy as a function of relative humidity was used to observe water absorption and swelling of the hydrophilic domains in each of the three membranes. The conductivity, water sorption kinetics, and fuel cell performance, especially at low relative humidity, were found to be highly dependent upon the morphology. The multiblock copolymer outperformed both the random and alternating systems at 100 °C and 40% RH fuel cell operating conditions and showed similar performance to Nafion.
Gating Design (2007)

No AccessInjection Mold Design EngineeringAug 2007Gating DesignDavid O. KazmerDavid O. Kazmerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446434196.007SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2007Pages: 161-183Print ISBN: 978-3-446-41266-8eISBN: 978-3-446-43419-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2007 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Polyacetal−Doxorubicin Conjugates Designed for pH-Dependent Degradation (2003)

Terpolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), divinyl ethers, and serinol can be used to synthesize water soluble, hydrolytically labile, amino-pendent polyacetals (APEGs) suitable for drug conjugation. As these polyacetals display pH-dependent degradation (with faster rates of hydrolysis at acidic pH) and they are not inherently hepatotropic after intravenous (iv) injection, they have potential for development as biodegradable carriers to facilitate improved tumor targeting of anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to synthesize a polyacetal-doxorubicin (APEG-DOX) conjugate, determine its cytotoxicity in vitro and evaluate its potential for improved tumor targeting in vivo compared to an HPMA copolymer-DOX conjugate in clinical development. Amino-pendent polyacetals were prepared, and following succinoylation (APEG-succ), the polymeric intermediate conjugated to DOX via one of three methods using carbodiimide mediated coupling (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) in aqueous solution was the most successful). The resultant APEG-DOX conjugates had a DOX content of 3.0-8.5 wt %, contained <1.2% free DOX (relative to total DOX content) and had a M(w) = 60000-100000 g/mol and M(w)/M(n) = 1.7-2.6. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed APEG-DOX to be 10-fold less toxic toward B16F10 cells than free DOX (IC(50) = 6 microg/mL and 0.6 microg/mL respectively), but confirmed the serinol-succinoyl-DOX liberated during main-chain degradation to be biologically active. When administered iv to C57 black mice bearing subcutaneous (sc) B16F10 melanoma, APEG-DOX of M(w) = 86000 g/mol, and 5.0 wt % DOX content exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) prolonged blood half-life and enhanced tumor accumulation compared to an HPMA copolymer-GFLG-DOX conjugate of M(w) = 30000 g/mol and 6.2 wt % DOX content. Moreover, APEG-DOX exhibited lower uptake by liver and spleen. These observations suggest that APEG anticancer conjugates warrant further development as novel polymer therapeutics for improved tumor targeting.
Simulation and experimental studies on microstructure evolution of resolidified dendritic TiC in laser direct deposited Ti-TiC composite (2018)

This paper describes the formation process of resolidified dendritic TiCx in laser direct deposited (LDD) Ti-40 vol%TiC composite via a combination of a thermodynamic consistent phase field (PF) model and an LDD model. The LDD model simulated the LDD process of this composite and provided the temporal and spatial temperature fields in the molten pool for the PF model, which predicted the solidification process of TiCx dendrites at different zones in the molten pool. The improved PF model introduced a grain index to link different crystallographic orientations for polycrystalline growth, which improved the computational efficiency by solving one PF equation instead of multiple phase variables. A two-sublattice model was utilized to establish the thermodynamic database of TiCx. The predicted temperature history, deposition geometry as well as the morphology of polycrystalline TiCx dendrites matched the experimental observation. As the temperature decreases, microsegregation occurred to the distribution of carbon over the dendrite where dendrite tips had a higher carbon concentration. Due to the increased undercooling, TiCx dendrites grew at an increased speed from top to bottom of the molten pool. Within 0.007 s, the dendrites were fully developed and inhibited further growth of each other.
Study of an Altered Magnetic Circuit of a Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Wave Power (2017)

The wave energy converter (WEC) studied and developed at Uppsala University in Sweden is a point absorbing buoy connected to a linear generator (LG) on the seabed. Previous studies have improved the sustainability of the generator, changing its magnets from Nd2Fe14B-magnets to ferrites. In this paper, the magnetic circuit of the linear generator is further studied. Ferrite magnets of two different types (Y30 and Y40) are studied along with different shapes of pole shoes for the system. The finite element method (FEM) simulations in a program called Ace are performed. The results show that a linear generator including both Y30 and Y40 magnets and shortened T-shaped pole shoes can generate a similar magnetic energy in the airgap as a linear generator only containing Y40 magnets and rectangular pole shoes. This shows that the magnetic circuit can be altered, opening up sizes and strengths of magnets for different retailers, and thereby possibly lowering magnet cost and transportation. This work was previously presented as a conference at the European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC) 2017 in Cork, Ireland; this manuscript has been carefully revised and some discussions, on magnet costs for example, have been added to this paper.
Highly-Optimized Radar-Based Gesture Recognition System with Depthwise Expansion Module (2021)

The increasing integration of technology in our daily lives demands the development of more convenient human-computer interaction (HCI) methods. Most of the current hand-based HCI strategies exhibit various limitations, e.g., sensibility to variable lighting conditions and limitations on the operating environment. Further, the deployment of such systems is often not performed in resource-constrained contexts. Inspired by the MobileNetV1 deep learning network, this paper presents a novel hand gesture recognition system based on frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, exhibiting a higher recognition accuracy in comparison to the state-of-the-art systems. First of all, the paper introduces a method to simplify radar preprocessing while preserving the main information of the performed gestures. Then, a deep neural classifier with the novel Depthwise Expansion Module based on the depthwise separable convolutions is presented. The introduced classifier is optimized and deployed on the Coral Edge TPU board. The system defines and adopts eight different hand gestures performed by five users, offering a classification accuracy of 98.13% while operating in a low-power and resource-constrained environment.