gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Drop Morphologies on Corrugated Surfaces (2008)

The spreading of liquid drops on surfaces corrugated with micrometer-scale parallel grooves is studied both experimentally and numerically. Because of the surface patterning, the typical final drop shape is no longer spherical. The elongation direction can be either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the grooves, depending on the initial drop conditions. We interpret this result as a consequence of both the anisotropy of the contact line movement over the surface and the difference in the motion of the advancing and receding contact lines. Parallel to the grooves, we find little hysteresis due to the surface patterning and that the average contact angle approximately conforms to Wenzel's law as long as the drop radius is much larger than the typical length scale of the grooves. Perpendicular to the grooves, the contact line can be pinned at the edges of the ridges, leading to large contact angle hysteresis.
Applicability of barium fluoride and cadmium tungstate scintillators for well logging (1989)

The authors discuss the fundamental properties of barium fluoride and cadmium tungstate, with particular attention to properties relevant to nuclear well logging applications and their temperature dependence. Both detectors have properties that would seem to make them useful for specific logging measurements. However, other properties limit their usefulness. For example, barium fluoride has a fast emission output that lends itself to high counting rates, but the intensity of this emission is very weak and is at a wavelength that is not efficiently detected by common logging photomultipliers. Cadmium tungstate's high density and atomic number give it excellent detection efficiency, but its applications in well logging are limited by its long scintillation decay constant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Threshold radiant exposure for cell death in the endothelium of porcine cornea exposed to ultrashort laser pulses (2013)

We have determined the threshold radiant exposure for cell death in the endothelium of porcine cornea exposed to ultrashort laser pulses in the context of keratoplasty and the preparation of endothelial grafts. In this study, by progressively increasing the radiant threshold towards the higher values we have observed a decrease of living corneal endothelial cells. Further study will address the effect of dose and possible mechanism behind cell death.
Conception d'un amplificateur de puissance à 2 étages intégrant une préformation de la tension de commande d'entrée (2011)

National audience
Myopathies associated with HIV-1: clinical and pathological manifestations (2005)

Abstract The skeletal muscle disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are myriad (Snider et al. 1983; Dalakas et al. 1986a, 1990; Lange et al. 1988; Simpson and Bender 1988; Illa et al. 1991; Simpson et al. 1993a; Gherardi 1994). Myopathy may be the presenting symptom of HIV disease (Dalakas et al. 1986a). Since multiple pathologies may coexist in the same patient, muscle disease may be masked by concomitant central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as dementia, focal brain lesions, myelopathy, or peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, the insidious progression of most neuromuscular complications may be overlooked in advanced stages of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), when wasting and other complications dominate the clinical picture. Prompt recognition of neuromuscular disease is important in HIV-infected patients, as therapy may dramatically improve the patient’s quality of life.
Deployment of Semantic Analysis to Call Center. (2014)

Our company manufactures and sells consumer electronics ranging from refrigerators to TV sets, and it has recently been endeavoring to deal effectively with a number of inquiries about product malfunctions, which are gathered at a call center. Nowadays, moreover, if the response to an inquiry is mishandled, users tend to be complainers in some cases. A bad reputation then spreads widely via social media, that is, “flaming” occurs, and may greatly affect sales of all the company’s products. Making the response more problematic for operators at the call center is the difficulty of distinguishing whether the malfunction that is the subject of the inquiry is caused by a user’s way of using the product or a problem that accidentally occurs in an individual product, or caused by a problem common to the design or production phase of a particular model. In the case that an operator considers the malfunction to be the user’s fault at the initial stage, and it subsequently turns out to be the manufacturer’s fault, a firestorm may occur that may lead to lawsuits. The Consumer Affairs Agency in Japan and several law firms warn that the initial response to an inquiry is especially important in general. However, since pernicious complainers exist, if the manufacturer always considers the inquiry to be the manufacturer’s fault, the cost will soar.
Frontispiece: N‐Phosphine Oxide‐Substituted Imidazolylidenes (PoxIms): Multifunctional Multipurpose Carbenes (2017)

N-Phosphine oxide-substituted imidazolylidene (PoxIms) was purposefully developed as a modern synthetic tool in chemistry to have multipurpose applications. It has so far been strategically used in molecular hydrogen activation, transformation of CO2 into useful carbonyl compounds as well as used as a bidentate ligand for transition metals and an organocatalyst. For more information see the Concept article by Y. Hoshimoto, S. Ogoshi et al. on page 15238 ff.
Extensions to the likelihood maximization approach for finding reaction coordinates (2007)

This paper extends our previous work on obtaining reaction coordinates from aimless shooting and likelihood maximization. We introduce a simplified version of aimless shooting and a half-trajectory likelihood score based on the committor probability. Additionally, we analyze and compare the absolute log-likelihood score for perfect and approximate reaction coordinates. We also compare the aimless shooting and likelihood maximization approach to the earlier genetic neural network (GNN) approach of Ma and Dinner [J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 6769 (2005)]. For a fixed number of total trajectories in the GNN approach, the accuracy of the transition state ensemble decreases as the number of trajectories per committor probability estimate increases. This quantitatively demonstrates the benefit of individual committor probability realizations over committor probability estimates. Furthermore, when the least squares score of the GNN approach is applied to individual committor probability realizations, the likelihood score still provides a better approximation to the true transition state surface. Finally, the polymorph transition in terephthalic acid demonstrates that the new half-trajectory likelihood scheme estimates the transition state location more accurately than likelihood schemes based on the probability of being on a transition path.
Emergent tricriticality in magnetic metamaterials (2023)

Metallic disks engineered on the 100 nm scale have an internal magnetic texture which varies from a fully magnetized state to a vortex state with zero moment. The interplay between this internal structure and the interdisk interactions is studied in magnetic metamaterials made of square arrays of the magnetic disks. The texture is modeled by a mesospin of varying length with $O(2)$ symmetry and the interdisk interaction by a nearest-neighbor coupling between mesospins. The thermodynamic properties of the model are studied numerically and an ordering transition is found which varies from Kosterlitz-Thouless to first order via an apparent tricritical point. The effective critical exponent characterizing the finite-size magnetization evolves from the value for the 2D XY model to less than half this value at the tricritical point. The consequences for future experiments both in and out of equilibrium are discussed.
A Mechanical-Scan-Free Single-Fiber Probe for Simultaneous Microscopy and High-Precision Laser Microsurgery (2009)

We demonstrate an endoscope-compatible single-fiber probe that performs simultaneous confocal microscopy and high-precision laser microsurgery without any mechanical movement of the probe or the sample by mapping two-dimensional sample coordinates onto the optical spectrum.
Neural Body Fitting: Unifying Deep Learning and Model-Based Human Pose\n and Shape Estimation (2018)

Direct prediction of 3D body pose and shape remains a challenge even for\nhighly parameterized deep learning models. Mapping from the 2D image space to\nthe prediction space is difficult: perspective ambiguities make the loss\nfunction noisy and training data is scarce. In this paper, we propose a novel\napproach (Neural Body Fitting (NBF)). It integrates a statistical body model\nwithin a CNN, leveraging reliable bottom-up semantic body part segmentation and\nrobust top-down body model constraints. NBF is fully differentiable and can be\ntrained using 2D and 3D annotations. In detailed experiments, we analyze how\nthe components of our model affect performance, especially the use of part\nsegmentations as an explicit intermediate representation, and present a robust,\nefficiently trainable framework for 3D human pose estimation from 2D images\nwith competitive results on standard benchmarks. Code will be made available at\nhttp://github.com/mohomran/neural_body_fitting\n
Investigation of Carboxylic Acid Isosteres and Prodrugs for Inhibition of the Human SIRT5 Lysine Deacylase Enzyme** (2022)

Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a protein lysine deacylase enzyme that regulates diverse biology by hydrolyzing ϵ-N-carboxyacyllysine posttranslational modifications in the cell. Inhibition of SIRT5 has been linked to potential treatment of several cancers but potent compounds with activity in cells have been lacking. Here we developed mechanism-based inhibitors that incorporate isosteres of a carboxylic acid residue that is important for high-affinity binding to the enzyme active site. By masking of the tetrazole moiety of the most potent candidate from our initial SAR study, we achieved potent and cytoselective growth inhibition for the treatment of SIRT5-dependent leukemic cancer cell lines in culture. Thus, we provide an efficient, cellularly active small molecule that targets SIRT5, which can help elucidate its function and potential as a future drug target. This work shows that masked isosteres of carboxylic acids are viable chemical motifs for the development of inhibitors that target mitochondrial enzymes, which may have applications beyond the sirtuin field.
Survey of wireless baseband SoC for biomedical application (2013)

Recent developments in biomedical sensors has led to wearable medical devices which made energy efficiency a prime factor to consider. Hardware accelerators offer signal-processing capability with energy consumption lower than general-purpose CPUs/DSPs. Hence, great interest has risen recently in dedicated biomedical systems on chips that target extremely low levels of power consumption. Many power reduction techniques have been used, such as: multiple supply voltages (voltage islands), power gating, clock gating and voltage scaling, these techniques provided means for optimum energy efficiency operation. This paper attempts to briefly review the current research in biomedical SoCs.
Exon 15 BRAF Mutations Are Uncommon in Melanomas Arising in Nonsun-Exposed Sites (2004)

In contrast to cutaneous melanomas arising in sun-exposed sites, mucosal melanomas of the head and neck do not frequently harbor an activating mutation of BRAF. This finding additionally supports the view that the various subtypes of melanoma are not equivalent and that distinct genetic alterations may underlie well recognized differences in risk factors and behavioral patterns. Accordingly, patients with melanomas should not be collectively regarded as a uniform group as new strategies are developed that target specific genetic alterations.
Tomographic reconstruction of flowing gases using sparse training (2014)

Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) is an emerging technique for simultaneous sensing of temperature and concentration of gaseous media. However, simultaneous reconstruction of temperature and concentration using TDLAS measurements is a nonlinear inverse problem and unlike other forms of computed tomography (CT), it is typically not possible to take a large number of projection measurements; so reconstructions are often computed using simplistic assumptions that limit the usability of the results. In this paper, we present a fast algorithm for model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) of TDLAS data. Our TDLAS-MBIR method uses a nonlinear forward model based on the physics of light absorption and incorporates a holistic prior model that can be learned from very sparse training data. Reconstructions performed on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) phantoms show that our proposed reconstruction algorithm is fast; works well when the number of pixels, p, far exceeds the number of measurements, M; is robust against noise; and produces good reconstructions using few training examples for the prior model.
Compressive, diametral tensile and biaxial flexural strength of cutting-edge calcium phosphate cements (2016)

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are widely used in bone repair. Currently there are two main types of CPCs, brushite and apatite. The aim of this project was to evaluate the mechanical properties of particularly promising experimental brushite and apatite formulations in comparison to commercially available brushite- and apatite-based cements (chronOS(™) Inject and Norian(®) SRS(®), respectively), and in particular evaluate the diametral tensile strength and biaxial flexural strength of these cements in both wet and dry conditions for the first time. The cements׳ porosity and their compressive, diametral tensile and biaxial flexural strength were tested in wet (or moist) and dry conditions. The surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Phase composition was assessed with X-ray diffraction. It was found that the novel experimental cements showed better mechanical properties than the commercially available cements, in all loading scenarios. The highest compressive strength (57.2±6.5MPa before drying and 69.5±6.0MPa after drying) was found for the experimental brushite cement. This cement also showed the highest wet diametral tensile strength (10.0±0.8MPa) and wet biaxial flexural strength (30.7±1.8MPa). It was also the cement that presented the lowest porosity (approx. 12%). The influence of water content was found to depend on cement type, with some cements showing higher mechanical properties after drying and some no difference after drying.
Table S4 from Microbiota-Centered Interventions: The Next Breakthrough in Immuno-Oncology? (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S4&lt;/p&gt;
Plasma focus wiggler for free-electron laser applications (1988)

A magnetically stabilized plasma focus with controlled modulations has been demonstrated for the first time. A 3-mm-diam plasma focus with two wiggler periods of 1 cm each was kept stable for about 30 ns. Similar configurations with shorter periods could be used as intense wigglers for short-wavelength free-electron lasers.
Visualizing cellular markers of sensorineural hearing loss in the murine cochlea using micro-optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Although sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affects 600 million people globally and its prevalence is increasing, therapies remain limited. Advances in therapy development for SNHL are slow because we do not possess a method for visualizing the cochlea’s interior in living humans and relating visualized pathology to a patient’s hearing ability. To this end, we are investigating the ability of micro-optical coherence tomography (µOCT), a low-coherence interferometric imaging technique that requires no contrast agent and improves upon standard OCT in resolution and depth of focus, to visualize the micron-sized cellular structures in the cochlea. We recently demonstrated µOCT’s ability to resolve individual micro-anatomical structures that are critical to the hearing mechanism in the guinea pig cochlea; here, we further establish µOCT’s efficacy by demonstrating its ability to detect cellular-level differences between noise-damaged and healthy organ of Corti tissue in mice in situ. 3D volumetric and cross-sectional image analyses reveal severe damage to structures including sensory hair cells and supporting cells in noise-exposed but not healthy ears. In the most severe cases, complete elimination of the organ of Corti and surrounding supporting cells (i.e. “flat epithelium”) is visualized; this finding is particularly relevant for the development of gene therapies for hearing loss, as these therapies are ineffective in cases of flat epithelium morphology. Our results are the first to demonstrate µOCT’s ability to distinguish between healthy and damaged organ of Corti tissue, and motivate investigation into its potential to be translated into a clinical diagnostic tool for SNHL.
Non-Asymptotic Performance of Symmetric Slepian-Wolf Coding (2005)

Abstract — Like most results in information theory, the classical Slepian-Wolf theorem is asymptotic. We characterize how quickly the limits put forth by information theory can be reached. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we investigate the non-asymptotic regime for two binary sources that generate sequences with a symmetric joint distribution. Second, we provide tight converse and achievable bounds and also show how to construct codes for any rate pair within the feasible rate region. The key result is that the feasible rate region for the non-asymptotic regime is obtained by translating the corresponding rate region for the asymptotic regime. R y 1
Insulin binding, internalization, and receptor regulation in cultured human fibroblasts (1981)

Insulin binding to receptors was studied using monolayers of cultured normal human fibroblasts. Binding was rapid and inversely related to the incubation temperature; prolonged periods of steady-state binding were achieved at all temperatures studied and the amount of degradation of extracellular insulin was minimal. Competition curves demonstrated half-maximal inhibition of 125I-insulin binding at an unlabeled insulin concentration of 125I-insulin binding at an unlabeled insulin concentration of 7 ng/ml. Scatchard plots of the binding data were curvilinear and revealed that fibroblasts contained about 7,000 receptor sites per cell. Bound 125I-insulin dissociated from fibroblasts with a t 1/2 of 10 min at 30 degrees C and 35 min at 16 degrees C. After 60 min dissociation at 30 degrees C, 45% of the dissociated radioactivity consisted of 125I-insulin degradation products, whereas only 8% of the dissociated material was in the form of degraded products after 60 min of dissociation at 16 degrees C. This indicates that fibroblasts possess a temperature-sensitive receptor-mediated process for insulin degradation. Preincubation of the monolayers with insulin led to a hormone-induced loss of insulin receptors. Thus, incubating cells with 25 ng/ml insulin for 6 h at 37 degrees C caused a 50% reduction in subsequently measured 125I-insulin binding. This hormone-induced receptor loss was sensitive to physiologic insulin levels, with approximately 5 ng/ml causing a half-maximal receptor loss. When monolayers were treated with the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine and subsequently incubated with 5 X 10(-11) M 125I-insulin, a 130% increase in cell-associated radioactivity was observed after 120 min at 30 degrees C. In summary, 1) cultured normal human fibroblasts possess insulin receptors that exhibit kinetic properties and specificity identical to that of other insulin target cells; 2) incubation of fibroblasts with physiologic concentrations of insulin causes a marked loss of cell-surface insulin receptors; and 3) receptor-bound 125I-insulin is internalized through an energy-dependent endocytotic pathway and subsequently degraded by a chloroquine-sensitive reaction.
An Advanced Melt Infiltration Process for the Net Shape Production of Metal Matrix Compeosites / Ein neuartiger Schmelzinfiltrationsprozeß für die Herstellung von Metallmatrix-Verbundwerkstoffen in Endgeometrie (1993)

Article An Advanced Melt Infiltration Process for the Net Shape Production of Metal Matrix Compeosites / Ein neuartiger Schmelzinfiltrationsprozeß für die Herstellung von Metallmatrix-Verbundwerkstoffen in Endgeometrie was published on December 1, 1993 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 84, issue 12).
Performance enhancement in Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector utilizing the Grating Structure (2013)

We fabricate four different size grating structure on the top of the quantum well infrared photodetectors, then etch them into four different etching depth. With suitable design, the peak responsivity of the QWIPs is about thirteen times larger than that of the conventional QWIP.
MemFlex: A Shared Memory Swapper for High Performance VM Execution (2017)

Ballooning is a popular solution for dynamic memory balancing. However, existing solutions may perform poorly in the presence of heavy guest swapping. Furthermore, when the host has sufficient free memory, guest virtual machines (VMs) under memory pressure is not be able to use it in a timely fashion. Even after the guest VM has been recharged with sufficient memory via ballooning, the applications running on the VM are unable to utilize the free memory in guest VM to quickly recover from the severe performance degradation. To address these problems, we present MemFlex, a shared memory swapper for improving guest swapping performance in virtualized environment with three novel features: (1) MemFlex effectively utilizes host idle memory by redirecting the VM swapping traffic to the host-guest shared memory area. (2) MemFlex provides a hybrid memory swapping model, which treats a fast but small shared memory swap partition as the primary swap area whenever it is possible, and smoothly transits to the conventional disk-based VM swapping on demand. (3) Upon ballooned with sufficient VM memory, MemFlex provides a fast swap-in optimization, which enables the VM to proactively swap in the pages from the shared memory using an efficient batch implementation. Instead of relying on costly page faults, this optimization offers just-in-time performance recovery by enabling the memory intensive applications to quickly regain their runtime momentum. Performance evaluation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of MemFlex when compared with existing swapping approaches.