gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissecting Rice Polyamine Metabolism under Controlled Long-Term Drought Stress (2013)

A selection of 21 rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica and japonica) was characterized under moderate long-term drought stress by comprehensive physiological analyses and determination of the contents of polyamines and selected metabolites directly related to polyamine metabolism. To investigate the potential regulation of polyamine biosynthesis at the transcriptional level, the expression of 21 genes encoding enzymes involved in these pathways were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Analysis of the genomic loci revealed that 11 of these genes were located in drought-related QTL regions, in agreement with a proposed role of polyamine metabolism in rice drought tolerance. The cultivars differed widely in their drought tolerance and parameters such as biomass and photosynthetic quantum yield were significantly affected by drought treatment. Under optimal irrigation free putrescine was the predominant polyamine followed by free spermidine and spermine. When exposed to drought putrescine levels decreased markedly and spermine became predominant in all cultivars. There were no correlations between polyamine contents and drought tolerance. GC-MS analysis revealed droughtinduced changes of the levels of ornithine/arginine (substrate), substrates of polyamine synthesis, proline, product of a competing pathway and GABA, a potential degradation product. Gene expression analysis indicated that ADC-dependent polyamine biosynthesis responded much more strongly to drought than the ODC-dependent pathway. Nevertheless the fold change in transcript abundance of ODC1 under drought stress was linearly correlated with the drought tolerance of the cultivars. Combining metabolite and gene expression data, we propose a model of the coordinate adjustment of polyamine biosynthesis for the accumulation of spermine under drought conditions.
Pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines. A New Application of 2-Chloro-3,4-diaminopyridine (2003)

5-Chloropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines were prepared from 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and 2-chloro-3,4-diaminopyridine.Condensation of unsymmetrical glyoxals provided a mixture of two regiosiomers with 2-substituted pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines as the major product.The regiochemistry was unambiguously assigned by 2D-NMR experiments.C-C-and C-N coupling reactions of 5-chloro or 5-oxo intermediates afforded the corresponding C-5 or N-6 substituted derivatives.One of the current aims in medicinal chemistry is the search for unique and patentable scaffolds.These scaffolds equipped with appropriate side chains and functional groups should give rise to new pharmacological active molecules.In this respect 2-chloro-3,4-diaminopyridine (CDAP) (1) served as a starting point for the synthesis of the scaffold imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-one (2) (Figure 1).Some of these 2,3,5-trisubstituted derivatives led to potent angiotensin AT 1 -antagonists 1 and others to mixed AT 1 -/AT 2 -antagonists 2 as well.In order to find new bicyclic heterocycles from CDAP pyrido [3,4-b]pyrazines of the common structure (3) were envisaged (Figure 1). N Cl
Furanoid sugar amino acids as dipeptide mimics in design of analogs of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor binding inhibitor (2005)

In this study we describe the development of peptidomimetic analogs of the potent vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor binding inhibitor, Leu(1) -Met(2) -Tyr(3) -Pro(4) -Thr(5) -Tyr(6) -Leu(7) -Lys(8) -OH 1, by incorporating furanoid sugar amino acids (SAAs) 2-4 into the molecule. The furanoid SAAs 2-4 were used as dipeptide isosteres to replace Tyr(3) -Pro(4) or Pro(4) -Thr(5) in sequence 1. The resulting analogs 5-9 were tested for their anti-cancer activities in vitro, following the standard MTT assay on a panel of human cancer cell lines. One of the potent analogs, 6a was tested in vivo for tumor regression on primary colon tumor xenografted nude mice. Our experimental results suggest that many of these analogs show either retention or enhancement of biological activity.
An Optimal Encoding to Represent a Single Set in an ROBDD (2009)

The contribution is an optimal encoding for a set in a Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagram (ROBDD) when the number of elements in the set's domain is not a power of 2. The contribution includes a proof that the proposed encoding produces an ROBDD with the minimum number of nodes and discusses related open problems that are not solved by the proposed encoding.
Shared Care for Patients with Diabetes at Risk of Retinopathy: A Feasibility Trial (2019)

Our feasibility trial showed that patients with diabetes with no or stable DR receive similar clinical care and management at a lower-cost PEC setting, are equally satisfied with the service compared to tertiary eye care. A follow-up study is necessary to validate these findings. Managing patients with diabetes at risk of DR at a PEC may be a safe and effective shared care model to improve accessibility for patients while enhancing professional collaboration between hospital and community settings.
Functional Polymersomes for Controlled Drug Delivery (2013)

Polymersomes (also referred to as polymeric vesicles) have attracted rapidly growing interest since the early work of Eisenberg, Discher, Hammer, and co-workers,1,2 due to their intriguing aggregation phenomena and cell- and virus-mimicking functions, as well as their tremendous potential applicatio...
Investigation of Volatile Constituents of Beer, Using Resin Adsorption and GC/MS, and Correlation of 2-(3 H )-Benzoxazolone with Wheat Malt (2013)

The volatile constituents of 22 samples of commercial beers (lager, ale, and lambic) were isolated using adsorption resin XAD-4 and analyzed by gas chromatography, using mass-spectrometric detection. The presence of 63 volatile components was examined in each sample. Major common compounds identified in all of the studied samples were 2-methylpropanol (0.77–12.9%), 3-methylbutanol (32.0–55.5%), phenylethanol (18.7–58.8%), and tyrosol (0.69–5.82%), expressed as TIC percent. Most other components were found in various concentrations but their presence was not uniformly distributed in all the studied beers. One of the minor volatile compounds, 2-(3H)-benzoxazolone, was found only in beers made with wheat malt. Additionally, for the first time, tryptophol acetate was identified as beer constituent. Finally, principal component analysis of the volatile compounds was able to discriminate the group of beers containing wheat.
Effect of Pulse Rate on Collagen Deposition in the Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessel (2003)

The effect of mechanical stimulation on the development of tissue-engineered blood vessels was examined. In particular, three different rates of radial distension were chosen to produce a nonpulsed environment (0 beats per minute [bpm]), an adult heart rate (90 bpm), and a fetal heart rate (165 bpm). Engineered vessels were cultured for an average of 7 weeks. Vessel walls were then analyzed for collagen content and distribution. In addition, extracellular matrix remodeling was assessed through measurement of active matrix metalloproteinase type 1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases type 1 (TIMP-1) levels. Vessels grown at a distension rate of 165 bpm had significantly higher collagen levels than those grown under static conditions. MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels were also higher under pulsed conditions as compared with nonpulsed conditions. For the 90- and 165-bpm conditions, collagen and MMP-1 levels were not significantly different. TIMP-1 levels were significantly elevated at 165 bpm, indicating an increased cellular response to mechanical stimulation. Mechanical forces and their transduction represent a means to enhance the physical properties of artificial blood vessels, possibly by affecting the rate of extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Nonexudative Neovascularization in Fellow Eyes of Patients With Unilateral Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (2017)

Approximately one in five fellow eyes with unilateral tAMD and PCV have features of nonexudative neovascularization. The use of multimodal imaging including ICGA and OCT-A can identify these features. The presence of pachychoroid epitheliopathy should alert clinicians to the possibility of underlying neovascularization.
Human recombinant gamma-interferon stimulates proliferation and inhibits collagen and fibronectin production by human dental pulp fibroblasts. (1989)

Human recombinant-gamma-interferon was tested on human dental pulp fibroblast activity in vitro. Fibroblast proliferation was estimated by a colorimetric test. Type I and type III collagens and fibronectin were quantified by radioimmunoassay in culture supernatant from confluent fibroblasts. A dose dependent stimulation of the proliferation was observed when fibroblasts were treated with recombinant-gamma-interferon. In contrast, an inhibition of the synthesis of soluble types I and III collagen and fibronectin by confluent cell cultures treated with recombinant-gamma-interferon occurred without apparent modification of the insoluble collagen level in the cell layer. Quantimetric analysis of type I collagen immunoperoxidase labelling have demonstrated that there was no intracellular storage of type I collagen in these cultured fibroblasts. These data support the view that human recombinant-gamma-interferon can affect human dental pulp fibroblast functions and thus may play an important part in the regulation of fibrosis.
CO Permeability and Wetting Behavior of Ionic Liquids on Pt(111): An IRAS and PM-IRAS Study from Ultrahigh Vacuum to Ambient Pressure (2021)

Solid catalysts with ionic liquid layers (SCILLs) show improved performance as compared to ionic liquid (IL)-free catalysts. To realize the beneficial IL-induced modification, the IL layer should be stable under reaction conditions but also permeable for gaseous reactants entering through the IL phase. Herein, we applied (polarization modulation-) infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy ((PM-)IRAS) to investigate the CO permeability of model SCILL systems. We investigated three different IL model systems prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) on atomically clean Pt(111), namely, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4C1Pyr][NTf2]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2C1Im][NTf2]), and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C4C1Pyr][OTf]). The adsorption geometries of the anions depend on the surface structure, IL coverage, and precoverage of CO. At room temperature, IL multilayers of randomly oriented species grow on top of strongly adsorbed wetting layers. Upon heating, a partial wetting transition induces the coexistence of an IL wetting monolayer film with three-dimensional droplets. Gas-phase CO does not permeate through IL multilayers, while it penetrates the IL wetting monolayer leading to mixed IL/CO films. The partial dewetting transition and the permeability differ drastically with the temperature and IL. Consequently, the morphology of the IL films could be a factor that determines the catalytic behavior of SCILLs to a significant extent.
14 b, 50MS/s CMOS front-end sample and hold module dedicated to a pipelined ADC (2004)

A high performance sample-and-hold (S/H) circuit intended a fast pipelined analog to digital converter was designed and implemented using a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process, the sampling rate of the proposed S/H module is 50 MS/s with a bandwidth of 20 MHz and a power supply of 1.8 V. Using switched capacitor differential topology, double bootstrapped switches and several native transistors, we optimized with VerilogA models the amplifier and the switches to end up with the optimized high performance circuit. The post layout simulation allowed to reach an SFDR of 88.6 dB for 20 MHz input signal. The circuit was integrated to other building blocks to construct a pipelined ADC which is now under fabrication.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody that probes the functional domains of the glucocorticoid receptor (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies to the rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were produced by using 4000-fold-purified unactivated rat hepatic GR as the immunogen in an immunization in vitro. Hybridomas were screened for anti-GR antibody production by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The antibody, 3A6, described here, is an IgM (lambda). The interaction of 3A6 with the purified GR was explored by sedimentation analysis, where a shift of the 9 S GR to a form with a higher s20,w value was demonstrated. Binding specificity and sensitivity were demonstrated by protein immunoblotting. 3A6 cross-reacted with all rat tissue glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) examined, except those of the brain. Species cross-reactivity was observed with other mammalian GRs (from human CEM-C7 cells and from pig and mouse liver). Immunocytochemical localization of the GR was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence in intact fixed cells, which demonstrated intense cytoplasmic staining in the absence of pretreatment with glucocorticoids and nuclear localization when cells were pretreated with glucocorticoids. This monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited steroid binding to unoccupied receptor and DNA binding of activated steroid-receptor complexes. Furthermore, preincubation of the purified activated GR complex with 3A6 prevented phosphorylation of the GR in vitro. Thus 3A6 differs from previous monoclonal antibodies to the GR in its capacity to cross-react with the human GR and by its specificity for an epitope on or near a functional domain of the GR.
Reducing a cocrystal to nanoscale dimensions enables retention of physical crystal integrity upon dehydration (2017)

We report the preparation and dehydration of a cocrystal of caffeine and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
Multispan inline and adaptive group delay ripple equalization concepts @ 40 Gb/s with optical FIR-filters (2002)

We presented an analytical solution for equalizing the impact of GDR by modeling the inverse system and demonstrated by simulations that optical FIR-filters can act as an excellent equalizer concerning GDR at 40 Gb/s. We compared concepts with inline and adaptive compensation. With fixed dispersion compensated fibre Bragg gratings (DCFBGs), the inline setup could only compensate for GDR. As the adaptive setup could equalize as well for GDR, residual dispersion and self phase modulation (SPM) at the same time, fixed DCFBGs in combination with adaptive optical FIR-filters result in better performance than tunable DCFBGs. This concept provides a group delay ripple and SPM mitigated tunable dispersion compensating module based on fixed DCFBGs and optical FIR-filters capable for high speed optical transmission systems.
Front Matter: Volume 6645 (2007)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6645, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing
Recent progress in wafer-fused VECSELs emitting in the 1310nm waveband (2015)

Over the last years we have continuously improved the performance of 1300 nm band VECSELs with wafer fused gain mirrors in the intra-cavity diamond and the flip-chip heat dissipation configurations. In this work we present recent results for gain mirrors that implement both heat-dissipation schemes applied to the same fused gain mirror structure. We demonstrate record high output powers of 7.1 W in the intra-cavity diamond heat-spreader configuration and 6.5 W in the flip-chip heat dissipation scheme. These improvements are achieved due to optimization of the wafer fused gain mirror structure based on AlGaInAs/InP-active region fused to AlAs-GaAs distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and application of efficient methods of bonding semiconductor gain mirror chips to diamond heatspreaders.
An encounter of microwave ablation with MR imaging (2011)

We started microwave ablation therapy of liver tumors under MR image guidance with an open configuration MR scanner. The combination of these two was quite feasible. At the beginning, preparations of MR compatible electrodes and a noise-eliminating filter were required. After the measurements against the noise, microwave irradiation did not disturb MR images and temperature changes could be monitored using MR temperature maps, which were useful for the real-time evaluation of therapeutic effects. In addition, MR temperature maps could be used to investigate the condition of microwave ablation with newly developed instruments and applications. The encounter of microwave ablation with MR imaging made a breakthrough in the image-guided minimally invasive therapy. Further developments of new technologies for therapeutic procedures are expected from this combination.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 gene modification of multidrug‐resistant human lung cancer enhances antimetastatic effect of therapy with anti‐P‐glycoprotein antibody in SCID mice (1999)

Distant metastases and multidrug resistance are critical problems in the therapy of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this study, we investigated whether transduction of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene into multidrug-resistant (MDR) human lung cancer cells affected the formation of metastases or their inhibition by the anti-P-glycoprotein (P-gp) monoclonal antibody (MAb) MRK16. MDR human SCLC (H69/VP) cells were transduced with the human MCP-1 gene inserted into the expression vector BCMGSNeo. MCP-1 gene transduction had no effect on drug sensitivity, the expression of surface antigens or the in vitro proliferation of H69/VP cells. Using the metastatic model of NK cell-depleted SCID mice, H69/VP cells transduced with the MCP-1 gene were inoculated intravenously (i.v.) and formed metastatic colonies in the liver, kidneys and lymph nodes, similar to those formed by parent or mock-transduced cells. However, systemic treatment of the mice with MRK16 reduced the metastases of H69/VP cells in the liver, kidneys and lymph nodes, and was significantly more effective in inhibiting the metastases of MCP-1 producing H69/VP than those of mock-transduced cells. MCP-1 gene transduction significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice treated with MRK16. Our findings suggest that local production of MCP-1 in the tumor site increases the anti-P-gp antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and the MCP-1 gene-induced modification of MDR human SCLC cells thereby enhances the antimetastatic effect of therapy with anti-P-gp antibody. Thus, the accumulation of effector cells in the tumor site is a very important factor in the therapy using the anti-P-gp antibody. Int. J. Cancer 80:773–780, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Src inhibitor reduces permeability without disturbing vascularization and prevents bone destruction in steroid-associated osteonecrotic lesions in rabbits (2015)

To examine the therapeutic effect of Src inhibitor on the VEGF mediating vascular hyperpermeability and bone destruction within steroid-associated osteonecrotic lesions in rabbits. Rabbits with high risk for progress to destructive repair in steroid-associated osteonecrosis were selected according to our published protocol. The selected rabbits were systemically administrated with either Anti-VEGF antibody (Anti-VEGF Group) or Src inhibitor (Src-Inhibition Group) or VEGF (VEGF-Supplement Group) or a combination of VEGF and Src inhibitor (Supplement &Inhibition Group) or control vehicle (Control Group) for 4 weeks. At 0, 2 and 4 weeks after administration, in vivo dynamic MRI, micro-CT based-angiography, histomorphometry and immunoblotting were employed to evaluate the vascular and skeletal events in different groups. The incidence of the destructive repair in the Anti-VEGF Group, Src-Inhibition Group and Supplement &Inhibition Group was all significantly lower than that in the Control Group. The angiogenesis was promoted in VEGF-Supplement Group, Src-Inhibition Group and Supplement &Inhibition Group, while the hyperpermeability was inhibited in Anti-VEGF Group, Src-Inhibition Group and Supplement &Inhibition Group. The trabecular structure was improved in Src-Inhibition Group and Supplement &Inhibition Group. Src inhibitor could reduce permeability without disturbing vascularization and prevent destructive repair in steroid-associated osteonecrosis.
Quantitative Studies of Au Nano-Catalysts by STEM and HRTEM (2007)

Extract Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2007 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, August 5 – August 9, 2007
CBRAM corner analysis for robust design solutions (2014)

In this paper, a comprehensive investigation of programming conditions in an oxide-based CBRAM device is presented. 1T-1R devices (both isolated and in a 8×8 matrix) are electrically characterized in a range of logic compatible programming conditions. Starting from the electrical results, programming conditions optimizing the memory window (R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</inf> /R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</inf> >25 in the worst case) and the resistance variability are identified. A corner approach is presented to fully calibrate a CBRAM compact model. The model has been implemented into an electrical simulator to assess performances of NVFF and memory circuit.
Analysis of lateral tyre friction dynamics1 (2009)

The tyre friction model is a key part of the overall multi-body tyre dynamics model. The LuGre dynamic tyre friction model is analytically linearised for pure cornering conditions. The linearised model parameters are conveniently expressed as functions of static curve slope parameters. The linearised lateral force and self-aligning torque submodels are described by equivalent mechanical systems. The linearised model and equivalent system parameters are analysed for different slip angle and wheel centre speed operating points. An example of the application of linearised tyre friction model to tyre vibration analysis is presented as well.
Targeting the Mincle and TLR3 receptor using the dual agonist cationic adjuvant formulation 9 (CAF09) induces humoral and polyfunctional memory T cell responses in calves (2018)

There is a need for the rational design of safe and effective vaccines to protect against chronic bacterial pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a number of species. One of the main challenges for vaccine development is the lack of safe adjuvants that induce protective immune responses. Cationic Adjuvant Formulation 01 (CAF01)-an adjuvant based on trehalose dibehenate (TDB) and targeting the Mincle receptor-has entered human trials based on promising pre-clinical results in a number of species. However, in cattle CAF01 only induces weak systemic immune responses. In this study, we tested the ability of three pattern recognition receptors, either alone or in combination, to activate bovine monocytes and macrophages. We found that addition of the TLR3 agonist, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) to either one of the Mincle receptor agonists, TDB or monomycoloyl glycerol (MMG), enhanced monocyte activation, and calves vaccinated with CAF09 containing MMG and Poly(I:C) had increased cell-mediated and humoral immune response compared to CAF01 vaccinated animals. In contrast to the highly reactogenic Montanide ISA 61 VG, CAF09-primed T cells maintained a higher frequency of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells (IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ IL-2+). In conclusion, CAF09 supports the development of antibodies along with a high-quality cell-mediated immune response and is a promising alternative to oil-in-water adjuvant in cattle and other ruminants.