gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1.3 μm QD surface emitting laser using polymer optical circuit (2012)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 1.3-μm are potentially attractive for optical interconnects. The advantages of such lasers include their lower driving current, a surface-mountable device structure, and a narrow circular output beam that is ideal for a polymer multimode waveguide on a printed circuit board [1]. Accordingly, there has been a widespread interest in developing 1.3-μm VCSELs [2,3] and a novel type of VCSEL, which is a lens-integrated surface-emitting laser that consists of a short InGaAlAs multiple-quantum-well (MQW) distributed feedback laser (DFB) active stripe integrated with a 45° mirror and an aspheric lens [4,5]. Here, we propose a novel 1.3-μm quantum dot (QD) surface emitting laser (SEL), which consists of a QD laser section and a polymer optical circuit (POC) section. A QD laser emitting at 1.3 μm needs to have a lower operation power and temperature insensitive operation because of the discrete energy state. A suitable POC design can be used to control the emitting place, direction, and beam profile of a laser. Moreover, POCs are easy to fabricate and are less expensive owing to the low cost of polymer material. In this work, we propose a QD SEL using a POC, which consists of a polymer optical waveguide, spot-size converter, and 45° metal mirror. We designed the polymer spot-size converter to match the laser beam profile using the optical polymer waveguide. We were able to realize the operation of a QD SEL using a POC.
7th harmonic generation in gases for coherent 150 nm light production (2021)

High-harmonic-generation in gases (HHG), along with crystal-based nonlinear frequency conversion, represent well established methods for laser-light production, covering spectral regions from soft X-rays down to the terahertz regime. A less-explored intermediate spectral regime can be identified in-between the spectral regions covered by these two methods, characterized by the cut-off wavelength of nonlinear crystals (e.g. KBBF around 160 nm) and the ionization potential of nonlinear gas media (e.g. Xenon at 102 nm). This wavelength regime is currently attracting increasing attention, brought along by measurements of the nuclear clock transition energy of the Thorium-229 isotope at a wavelength of 149.7 ± 3.1 nm [1] . Compared to alternative approaches such as cascaded frequency up-conversion in a hollow capillary [2] or four-wave-mixing processes, the simplest method to producing 150 nm light is the direct generation of the 7 th harmonic of a 1030 nm Ytterbium (Yb) laser source. In particular, it is easily compatible with demonstrated methods for vacuum-ultraviolet frequency comb production via intra-cavity harmonic generation [3] . However, in contrast to HHG, where phase-matching is commonly reached, for 7 th harmonic generation in gases all key phase-mismatch contributions (Gouy phase, neutral- and plasma dispersion) have the same sign. In this work, we demonstrate 7 th harmonic generation in a noble gas-jet driven by a 1025 nm Yb laser source. We measure a maximum conversion efficiency of η ≅ 5 × 10 -6 for two different nozzle orifice diameters for Krypton and Argon, limited mainly by phase-matching effects.
Induction of Betacyanin Synthesis and Pigment Accumulation in Cell Suspension Cultures of Portulaca. (2000)

The establishment of betalain-producing cell suspension cultures in Portulaca is reported for the first time. Addition of ascorbic acid (AsA) and sufficient osmotica to the culture medium was critical to the success. Betacyanin production was best at 1×103mgl-1 AsA. Small cell aggregates, formed in MS-AsA medium supplemented with 150mM mannitol and 150mM sorbitol, accumulated the highest relative amounts of betacyanins. The growth rate of cell suspension cultures increased 3- to 4- fold within 14 days in modified MS-AsA medium supplemented with 5μM 2, 4-D. The betalain content of suspended cells increased during the first 2 day in liquid culture, thereafter decreased slightly and increased again during the logarithmic phase of cellular growth. A lower concentration of 2, 4-D inhibited the growth of cultures but did not significantly affect betacyanin accumulation. Addition of cytokinin inhibited growth and also resulted in decreased betacyanin accumulation. The pigmentation of cultured cells decolourized upon transfer to dark conditions but was regained in decolourized cells at 12 to 24 hours after light exposure. The levels of endogenous free tyrosine and DOPA, precursors of betalains, decreased in response to light and slightly increased again after 24 hours of light treatment. Betanin, the main pigment component, as well as other betacyanins present, dramatically increased after 24 hours under light conditions in our Portulaca cell suspension culture system.
Multi-level fiber tracking: evaluation on clinical data (2020)

Conventional deterministic fiber tractography approaches commonly used in clinical applications are prone to generating false-negative reconstructions, which might influence further decision-making related to treatment and repeated surgery in patients with brain tumors. Surgery-related effects, such as blood inflow into white matter and edema, further distort the diffusion signal, complicating the task of tractography. We evaluated a novel multi-level fiber tractography approach on data of subjects who had undergone tumor resection. A comparison with conventional deterministic approaches is performed. The results were correlated with the reported motor-function deficit grades. ( Abstract #1746)
Anticancer DNA vaccine based on human telomerase reverse transcriptase generates a strong and specific T cell immune response (2015)

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is overexpressed in more than 85% of human cancers regardless of their cellular origin. As immunological tolerance to hTERT can be overcome not only spontaneously but also by vaccination, it represents a relevant universal tumor associated antigen (TAA). Indeed, hTERT specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors are present within the peripheral T-cell repertoire. Consequently, hTERT vaccine represents an attractive candidate for antitumor immunotherapy. Here, an optimized DNA plasmid encoding an inactivated form of hTERT, named INVAC-1, was designed in order to trigger cellular immunity against tumors. Intradermal injection of INVAC-1 followed by electrogene transfer (EGT) in a variety of mouse models elicited broad hTERT specific cellular immune responses including high CD4<sup>+</sup> Th1 effector and memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T‑cells. Furthermore, therapeutic INVAC‑1 immunization in a HLA-A2 spontaneous and aggressive mouse sarcoma model slows tumor growth and increases survival rate of 50% of tumor-bearing mice. These results emphasize that INVAC-1 based immunotherapy represents a relevant cancer vaccine candidate.
Chemical structure and bonding (1980)

Atomic Structure Atomic and Molecular Properties The Valence Bond and Hybrid Orbital Descriptions of Chemical Bonding The Molecular Orbital Theory of Electronic Structure and the Spectroscopic Properties of Diatomic Molecules Electronic Structures, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and the Frontier Orbital Theory of Reactions and Polyatomic Molecules Transition-Metal Complexes Bonding in Solids and Liquids Appendices: Physical Constants and Conversion Factors The Greek Alphabet Answers to Selected Questions and Problems
FTY720 (Fingolimod) Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Radiotherapy by Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase-1 (2010)

Radiotherapy is widely used as a radical treatment for prostate cancer, but curative treatments are elusive for poorly differentiated tumors where survival is just 15% at 15 years. Dose escalation improves local response rates but is limited by tolerance in normal tissues. A sphingosine analogue, FTY720 (fingolimod), a drug currently in phase III studies for treatment of multiple sclerosis, has been found to be a potent apoptosis inducer in prostate cancer cells. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we analyzed the impact of FTY720 on sphingolipid metabolism in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer cells and evaluated its potential as a radiosensitizer on cell lines and prostate tumor xenografts. In prostate cancer cell lines, FTY720 acted as a sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inhibitor that induced prostate cancer cell apoptosis in a manner independent of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. In contrast, γ irradiation did not affect SphK1 activity in prostate cancer cells yet synergized with FTY720 to inhibit SphK1. In mice bearing orthotopic or s.c. prostate cancer tumors, we show that FTY720 dramatically increased radiotherapeutic sensitivity, reducing tumor growth and metastasis without toxic side effects. Our findings suggest that low, well-tolerated doses of FTY720 could offer significant improvement to the clinical treatment of prostate cancer.
The Potential of Indole and a Synthetic Derivative for PolyQ Aggregation Reduction by Enhancement of the Chaperone and Autophagy Systems (2014)

In polyglutamine (polyQ)-mediated disorders, the expansion of translated CAG repeats in the disease genes result in long polyQ tracts in their respective proteins, leading to intracellular accumulation of aggregated polyQ proteins, production of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. The molecular chaperones act in preventing protein misfolding and aggregation, thus inhibiting a wide range of harmful downstream events. In the circumstance of accumulation of aggregated polyQ proteins, the autophagic pathway is induced to degrade the misfolded or aggregated proteins. In this study, we used Flp-In 293/SH-SY5Y cells with inducible SCA3 ATXN3/Q75-GFP expression to test the effect of indole and synthetic derivatives for neuroprotection. We found that ATXN3/Q75 aggregation can be significantly prohibited in Flp-In 293 cells by indole and derivative NC001-8. Meanwhile, indole and NC001-8 up-regulated chaperones and autophagy in the same cell models. Both of them further promote neurite outgrowth in neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y ATXN3/Q75-GFP cells. Our results demonstrate how indole and derivative NC001-8 are likely to work in reduction of polyQ-aggregation and provide insight into the possible effectual mechanism of indole compounds in polyQ spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients. These findings may have therapeutic applications in a broad range of clinical situations.
Determination of Thermal Regime in Sandy Soils: Mathematical Framework ATHERES (2017)

Estimation of the thermal regime (i.e., the variation of soil temperature, θ, and heat flux, ϕ) in soil mass is a key issue in the realms of agronomy, forestry, ecology, micrometeorology, and geotechnical engineering. Usually, it is predicted by solving heat-conduction equations (HCEs) numerically and/or analytically by imposing assumptions such as (1) the sinusoidal variation in temperature (caused by the change in the ambience as a result of the solar cycle) at the top soil surface and/or (2) the uniform initial temperature of the soil mass. However, these solutions sometimes yield an improper thermal regime because of simplified assumptions that are not always suitable for natural soil surfaces. In this paper, the novel algorithm ATHERES (algorithm for thermal regime estimation in soils), which can be used for predicting thermal regime in sandy soil mass, is presented. The proposed approach eliminates the necessity for solving the HCE, and thus, the obtained thermal regime in sandy soil mass is free from the assumptions associated with conventional approaches. Performance of the proposed approach was demonstrated by using the results obtained from a series of laboratory tests on sandy soils of different particle sizes. The study reveals that the ATHERES is capable of incorporating naturally occurring temperatures and flux boundary conditions, including the initial condition of a nonzero thermal gradient.
CZT detector modeling for coded aperture X-ray diffraction imaging applications (2014)

CZT detectors are primary candidates for many next-generation X-ray diffraction imaging systems. We have conducted a study to evaluate performance tradeoffs and limitations of CZT energy-sensitive detectors in coded aperture X-ray imaging (CAXI) architectures. We have found, as expected, that performance of the coded aperture architecture depends critically on energy resolution (ER) of the detector. We have also found that spectrum tail, as measured for mono-energetic sources, is less important although the incomplete charge collection leads to distorted system level information. We have built a mathematical model for the energy spectrum that can be used to optimize the detector geometry (pixel size, detector thickness), detector fabrication (injecting vs. non-injecting contacts) and operating conditions (HV bias, count rate) for the optimum performance of the coded aperture X-ray imaging systems.
<title>Virtual toolbox</title> (1993)

At least three of the five senses must be fully addressed in a successful virtual reality (VR) system. Sight, sound, and touch are the most critical elements for the creation of the illusion of presence. Since humans depend so much on sight to collect information about their environment, this area has been the focus of much of the prior art in virtual reality, however, it is also crucial that we provide facilities for force, torque, and touch reflection, and sound replay and 3-D localization. In this paper we present a sampling of hardware and software in the virtual environment maker's `toolbox' which can support rapidly building up of customized VR systems. We provide demonstrative examples of how some of the tools work and we speculate about VR applications and future technology needs.
Regulation of IL-10-producing T cells by polyunsaturated fatty acids (2019)

Abstract The modern day western diet has led to an increase of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) intake and is considered an environmental factor resulting in negative health outcomes in different disease settings. In relation to the immune system, it is not well understood how changes in dietary factors like n-6 PUFAs can influence immune responses, for example during autoimmune disease. PUFAs have a variety of roles within cells such as being used as an energy source, incorporation in cell membranes, and conversion into lipid mediators that influence cell signaling and gene expression. We initially sought to understand how n-6 PUFAs influence the phenotype and function of T cell subsets from the Type 1 Diabetes mouse model (NOD) and non-diabetic control mouse model (B6.NOD). By treating splenocytes from these mouse models in vitro with n-6 PUFA linoleic acid we discovered by flow cytometry a dose response inhibition of interleukin 10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. To the contrary, interferon γ production was not diminished after linoleic acid treatment. While IL-10 inhibition was not strain-specific, further studies by gene expression analysis displayed a decrease of IL-10 mRNA expression and of transcription factors involved in regulation of IL-10 (c-maf, IRF4, and Bhlhe40) after linoleic acid treatment. These results demonstrate that dietary n-6 PUFAs regulate T cell cytokine production and can influence the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Further studies will provide more insight into the regulation of T cell subsets by fatty acids present in the organismal environment, with potential implications for the development of new therapeutics to modulate autoimmune responses.
Esfenvalerate : Its biological activity against German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Orthoptera : Blattellidae) (1990)

Insecticidal and knock-down activities of fenvalerate optical isomers against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, were determined. [S, S]-isomer showed about 4times higher insecticidal and knock-down activities than racemic fenvalerate. However, the insecticidal activity of [R, S]-isomer was only one-tenth that of racemic fenvalerate, and it showed no knock-down activity. [S, R]- and [R, R]-isomers did not show insecticidal activity. Electrophysiological study showed that only [S, S]-isomer was effective against the central nervous system of the insect. These results suggested that only [S, S]-isomer was the active component of fenvalerate. It was assumed that the insecticidal activity of [R, S]-isomer was due to [S, S]-isomer contained in the [R, S]-isomer sample as impurities or [S, S]-isomer isomerized from [R, S]-isomer in the body.
On the impact of a single edge on the network coding capacity (2011)

In this paper, we study the effect of a single link on the capacity of a network of error-free bit pipes. More precisely, we study the change in network capacity that results when we remove a single link of capacity δ. In a recent result, we proved that if all the sources are directly available to a single super-source node, then removing a link of capacity δ cannot change the capacity region of the network by more than δ in each dimension. In this paper, we extend this result to the case of multi-source, multi-sink networks for some special network topologies.
Position-dependent analysis of light extraction of GaN-based LEDs (2004)

In this paper, based on the Monte-Carlo ray tracing simulation we present the study of the light extraction efficiency of GaN-based LEDs as a function of the position of the light source over the active layer with several parameters, including chip dimensions, absorption coefficients and package. Besides, the light extraction efficient characteristic of a ThinGaN LED is studied.
A possible maternal effect in the abnormal hyporesponsiveness to specific alloantigens in offspring born to neonatally tolerant fathers. (1983)

Newborn CBA mice were inoculated i.p. with 1 X 10(8) adult (CBA X A)F1 lymphoid cells with 5 X 10(7) F1 hybrid lymphoid cells thereafter inoculated i.v. at 14-day intervals. The mice were subsequently grafted with A/J tail skin at 24 days of age. At 8 wk of age, individual tolerant males with intact skin grafts were each mated with similar tolerant skin-grafted females or with 8-wk-old control normal CBA females. Approximately 0.4 ml of peripheral blood from 7-wk-old progeny born to these crosses, along with the blood from age-matched progeny born to normal CBA incrosses, were used for in vitro mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC). All progeny received skin grafts of (CBA X A)F1 tail skin at 7 1/2 wk of age. In this study, we show i) that MLC hyporesponsiveness to histocompatible cells is an acquired phenotype expressed by lymphoid cells of the progeny of tolerant male mice, and ii) that these progeny also show delayed rejection of (CBA X A)F1 skin grafts. The continued breeding of the first generation animals established that a similar transmission of hyporesponsiveness can be observed in the second generation progeny. When putatively normal females, however, which had borne several litters after mating with neonatally tolerant males, were mated with "normal" (nontolerant) males; their offspring also exhibited a specific hyporesponsiveness in MLC to the initial tolerizing allodeterminants. This suggests that there may ultimately be a maternally derived origin for the transmission of characters from tolerant males.
Integrated broadband hybrid silicon DFB laser array using quantum well intermixing (2010)

We present a quantum well intermixed hybrid silicon DFB laser array with gain-bandwidth >90nm. CW laser maximum output power is 4 mW/laser at 20°C with maximum operating temperature of 60°C.
Hierarchical power distribution and power management scheme for a single chip mobile processor (2006)

A hierarchical power distribution methodology that enables more than dozen power domains in a chip and a power management scheme using 20 power domains are described. This method can achieve very low leakage current in the partial active mode of a single chip mobile processor. The single chip mobile processor embedded three CPU's that is baseband processor, application processor, and multi-media processor. In the "waiting for calling" mode of the mobile handsets, application processor and multi-media processor part can be power-off. This chip can power off these power domains although the some of baseband parts are actively operating.. Many new techniques for multiple power domains in the chip are described.This paper describes the output of two projects. (1) Fundamental circuits research on hierarchical power domain = joint research by Hitachi, Ltd. and Renesas Technology Corp.[4] (2) LSI design for one chip mobile processor = joint development by NTT DoCoMo Inc. and Renesas Technology Corp.[5].
Wave control with “Time Materials” (2018)

Phononic crystals and Metamaterials are made from assemblies of multiple elements usually arranged in repeating patterns at scales of the order or smaller than the wavelengths of the phenomena they influence. Because time and space play a similar role in wave propagation, wave propagation is affected by spatial modulation or by time modulation of the refractive index. Here we emphasize the role of time modulation. We show that sudden changes of the medium properties generate instant wave sources that emerge instantaneously from the entire wavefield and can be used to control wavefield and to revisit the way to create time-reversed waves. Experimental demonstrations of this approach will be presented More sophisticated time manipulations can also be studied in order to extend the concept of phononic crystals in the time domain.
False Positives vs. False Negatives (2021)

Existing approaches to trading off false positive versus false negative errors in input recognition are based on imprecise ideas of how these errors affect user experience that are unlikely to hold for all situations. To inform dynamic approaches to setting such a tradeoff, two user studies were conducted on how relative preference for false positive versus false negative errors is influenced by differences in the temporal cost of error recovery, and high-level task factors (time pressure, multi-tasking). Participants completed a tile selection task in which false positive and false negative errors were injected at a fixed rate, and the temporal cost to recover from each of the two types of error was varied, and then indicated a preference for one error type or the other, and a frustration rating for the task. Responses indicate that the temporal costs of error recovery can drive both frustration and relative error type preference, and that participants exhibit a bias against false positive errors, equivalent to ∼1.5 seconds or more of added temporal recovery time. Several explanations for this bias were revealed, including that false positive errors impose a greater attentional demand on the user, and that recovering from false positive errors imposes a task switching cost.