gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear, Self-Consistent Theory of Proton Screening in Metals Applied to Hydrogen in Al and Mg (1974)

The density-functional formalism has been used to treat self-consistently the nonlinear screening of a proton in an electron gas. The results have been used to calculate activation energies for diffusion of hydrogen in Al and Mg. The theory is in good agreement with experimental results which are only available for Al. Hydrogen-vacancy trapping has also been investigated and was found to be a distinct possibility in the case of Al.
Timing of Endoscopy for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (2020)

In patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding who were at high risk for further bleeding or death, endoscopy performed within 6 hours after gastroenterologic consultation was not associated with lower 30-day mortality than endoscopy performed between 6 and 24 hours after consultation. (Funded by the Health and Medical Fund of the Food and Health Bureau, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01675856.).
Identification of a Transmission Chain of HIV Type 1 Containing Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations (2003)

We have investigated a potential transmission chain of HIV-1 with drug resistance-associated mutations between three individuals over a period of 5 years by use of cloning and sequencing of viral genes, and phenotypic characterization. Viruses containing reverse transcriptase drug resistance-associated mutations were transmitted sequentially between three homosexual men (A, B, and C), and persisted in one individual for at least 4 years, despite intermittent therapy and reduced viral replicative capacity compared with wild-type strains. Clonal analysis of the envelope gene from semen and blood virus showed that the virus transmitted to patient C was more closely related to virus from the semen than the blood of patient B. Our data suggest that HIV variants with drug resistance-associated mutations can persist following primary infection, despite intervening antiretroviral therapy, and subsequently sexually transmitted. We provide "proof of principle" that such mutations can therefore become "fixed" within the circulating virus pool.
Block Copolymer and Nanosilica-Modified Epoxy Nanocomposites (2021)

The effects of nanoscale silica particle additives on the tensile properties of neat and poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer (BCP)-modified epoxies were evaluated. Nanosilica and BCP modifiers were dispersed both individually and together in epoxy formulations. The nanosilica formed a stable dispersion, and BCP modifiers formed well-dispersed spherical micelle nanostructures in the matrix. When both additives were used, BCP micelles were observed to adsorb on nanosilica surfaces, resulting in limited aggregation of nanosilica particles. Tensile tests on bulk specimens showed that the addition of nanosilica to both neat and BCP-modified epoxy formulations increased the modulus of the composites. Compact tension tests also revealed increases in the critical stress intensity factor, KIc, and critical strain energy release rate, GIc, in both the block copolymer and nanosilica-modified epoxies. Combining both additives in the epoxy enhanced toughness beyond that obtained with the individually modified formulations. Increasing nanosilica loading up to 25 wt % produced a monotonic increase in the modulus and GIc. The nanocomposite with 25 wt % nanosilica reached an optimal level of toughness at low BCP concentrations (ca. 4 wt %). Scanning electron micrographs obtained from fracture surfaces revealed topological features indicative of micelle cavitation and nanosilica debonding, toughening mechanisms that operate in concert.
How does a millimeter-sized cell find its center? (2009)

Microtubules play a central role in centering the nucleus or mitotic spindle in eukaryotic cells. However, despite common use of microtubules for centering, physical mechanisms can vary greatly, and depend on cell size and cell type. In the small fission yeast cells, the nucleus can be centered by pushing forces that are generated when growing microtubules hit the cell boundary. This mechanism may not be possible in larger cells, because the compressive force that microtubules can sustain are limited by buckling, so maximal force decreases with microtubule length. In a well-studied intermediate sized cell, the C. elegans fertilized egg, centrosomes are centered by cortex-attached motors that pull on microtubules. This mechanism is widely assumed to be general for larger cells. However, re-evaluation of classic experiments in a very large cell, the fertilized amphibian egg, argues against such generality. In these large eggs, movement of asters away from a part of the cell boundary that they are touching cannot be mediated by cortical pulling, because the astral microtubules are too short to reach the opposite cell boundary. Additionally, Herlant and Brachet discovered a century ago that multiple asters within a single egg center relative to the cell boundary, but also relative to each other. Here, we summarize current understanding of microtubule organization during the first cell cycle in a fertilized Xenopus egg, discuss how microtubule asters move towards the center of this very large cell, and how multiple asters shape and position themselves relative to each other.
Reduction of allergic airway eosinophilia by dietary raffinose in Brown Norway rats (2004)

Oral administration of raffinose, a naturally occurring indigestible oligosaccharide, has reportedly ameliorated atopic dermatitis in human subjects although the mechanism is unknown. The present study investigated the effect of dietary raffinose on allergen-induced airway eosinophilia in ovalbumin-sensitised Brown Norway rats as an atopic disease model. Brown Norway rats were immunised by subcutaneous injection with ovalbumin on day 0 and fed either a control diet or the diet supplemented with raffinose (50 g/kg diet). The rats were exposed to aerosolised ovalbumin on day 20, and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was obtained on the next day. The number of eosinophils in the fluid was significantly lower in the rats fed the raffinose diet than in those fed the control diet. Dietary raffinose significantly reduced IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels in lung tissue and tended to lower ovalbumin-specific Ig E levels. Suppression of eosinophilia by dietary raffinose was still observed in caecectomised and neomycin-administered rats, suggesting little contribution by the colonic bacteria to the effect of raffinose. Intraperitoneal administration of raffinose also suppressed eosinophilia. Significant concentrations of raffinose were detected in portal venous and abdominal arterial plasma after the intragastric administration of raffinose. Overall, the findings suggest that dietary raffinose ameliorates allergic airway eosinophilia at least partly via post-absorptive mechanisms in Brown Norway rats.
Luminescence and scintillation properties of Cs2HfBr6 and Cs2ZrBr6 crystals (2018)

Luminescence and scintillation properties of Cs2HfBr6 and Cs2ZrBr6 crystals were investigated using photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence (RL) spectroscopies. In the PL spectra, emission bands were observed at 435 and 525 nm for Cs2HfBr6, and at 530 nm for Cs2ZrBr6. Corresponding emission bands were observed for RL spectra. The scintillation decay time constants of the Cs2HfBr6 and Cs2ZrBr6 crystals were smaller than those of the corresponding Cs2HfCl6 and Cs2ZrCl6 crystals. The scintillation light yields of Cs2HfBr6 and Cs2ZrBr6 were estimated to be 61,500 and 37,200 photons/MeV, respectively, which are much higher than those of Cs2HfCl6 and Cs2ZrCl6 crystals.
ACM TKDD special issue ACM SIGKDD 2007 and ACM SIGKDD 2008 (2009)

No abstract available.
tPA Contributes To Impairment of ATP and Ca Sensitive K Channel Mediated Cerebrovasodilation After Hypoxia/Ischemia Through Upregulation of ERK MAPK (2011)

The sole FDA approved treatment for acute stroke is tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA). However, tPA potentiates impairment of pial artery dilation (PAD) in response to hypotension after hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) in pigs. ATP and Ca sensitive K channels (Katp and Kca) are important regulators of cerebrovascular tone and mediate PAD in response to hypotension. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), a family of at least 3 kinases, ERK, p38 and JNK, is upregulated after H/I, with ERK contributing to vasodilator impairment. This study examined the effect of H/I on Katp and Kca PAD and the roles of tPA and ERK in this effect in piglets equipped with a closed cranial window. H/I blunted PAD induced by the Katp agonists cromakalim, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and the Kca agonist NS 1619, which was exacerbated by tPA. EEIIMD, a hexapeptide derived from plasminogen activator‐1, and ERK antagonist U 0126 prevented Katp and Kca channel agonist PAD impairment while the inactive analogue EEIIMR had no effect. ERK was upregulated after H/I, which was potentiated by tPA. These data indicate that H/I impairs K channel mediated cerebrovasodilation. tPA augments loss of K channel function after injury by upregulating ERK. These data suggest that thrombolytic therapy for treatment of CNS ischemic disorders can produce cerebrohemodynamic dysregulation through impairment of ionic controls of cerebrovascular tone.
Analysis of mutual coupling for the simulation of reflectarrays radiating cells (2006)

This paper presents an approach to analyse mutual coupling effects in reflectarrays. It consists in simulating each radiating cell with its actual neighbouring cells, either identical or not. The field disturbance caused by one or more neighbours is evaluated in different cases depending on the array lattice or the element dimensions. Techniques to reduce the element sensitivity are explored. These techniques have also been assessed experimentally by a comparison between different reflectarrays measurements.
Study of sol-gel type ceria particle for CMP process in leading-edge CMOS device: YE: Yield enhancement/learning (2017)

With continuous shrink in the size of integrated circuits, the complexity, and the number of processing steps continue to increase. CMP is one of the crucial steps to maintain good process yields. The number of FEOL CMP steps has increased drastically in leading-edge nodes and also made the process requirements more stringent. In order to meet these requirements, selection of the right consumables is very critical. Slurry plays a vital role in CMP processes and there is always a big requirement for extreme selective slurry with self-stopping capabilities. Also, the final CMP surface should be very smooth with no defects and scratch free. Ceria-based slurries are gaining importance as they have good planarization and self-stopping capabilities in the latest device technology. In this paper, we have investigated some of the notable ceria types such as composite ceria, calcined ceria and wet ceria. The particle hardness of wet ceria is 1/25 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> level compare to other ceria particles. This helps the surface be defect and scratch-free. In our experiment, 60% reduction in surface roughness and 90% reduction in scratches on patterned wafers was observed.
Lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric capacitors produced on sapphire and gallium arsenide substrates (1995)

Abstract Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) based ferroelectric capacitors have been produced at 600°C on R-cut sapphire and Si-doped (100) GaAs substrates using a pulsed laser ablation deposition (PLAD) technique. La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) conducting electrodes deposited using PLAD serve as top and bottom electrodes. X-ray diffraction results show that the PZT film is polycrystalline and phase-pure in both cases. Electrical characterization of the films show remanant polarization in excess of 20 μC/cm2. Results of long term properties show that these capacitors: are very tolerant to extremely large numbers of switching cycles; retain charges over very long periods of time; and do not show a strong tendency for their dipoles to be imprinted in a preferred direction.
Series Connection of Snubberless IGBTs for 6.6 kV Transformerless Converters (2007)

We developed a 6.6-kV 1-MVA transformerless converter making use of a snubberless insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) 8-series connection using an active-gate-control. The active-gate-control can balance the collector voltage of IGBTs connected in series enabling the IGBT series connection. It allows the converter to output a high enough AC voltage to directly connect to 6.6-kV distribution lines. Therefore, the converter does not need a step-up and step-down transformer, and is extremely small and compact.
Surface selective membranes for carbon dioxide separation (2005)

In this study, hybrid membranes have been developed for the selective separation of CO2 from mixtures containing H2. Beginning with commercially available Pall alumina membrane tubes with nominal pore diameter of 5 nm, hybrids were produced by silation with a variety of functionalities designed to facilitate the selective adsorption of CO2 onto the pore surface. The goal is to produce a membrane which can harness the power of surface diffusion to give the selectivity of polymer membranes with the permeance of inorganic membranes.
Using NMR technology to Study the Flow of Fracture Fluids inside Shale Formations (2014)

Abstract The breakdown of shale and the created fracture complexity are greatly dependent on the flow behaviors of fracturing fluids just before fracture initiation. Because of the unique characteristics of shale formations—including low permeability, existence of microfractures, and sensitivity to contacting fluids—it is difficult to evaluate fluid flow with traditional laboratory methods. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology has been explored to study the propagation of fracturing fluids inside shale cores before fracture initiation. All fluids were injected at pressures less than fracture pressure. Cores from three different shale formations (Eagle Ford, Marcellus and Mancos) were evaluated with the new methods. Variations such as fluid types (slickwater, acid and oil), and injection pressure were evaluated. Based on experimental results, the leakoff rate inside the shale formation during the hydraulic fracturing treatment can be calculated using NMR technology. NMR confirmed that slickwater and a higher-viscosity fracturing fluid propagated into the larger pores and existing microfractures. Increasing the viscosity from 1 to 200 cP reduced the leakoff rate by 6.5 times. This reduction can significantly affect the shape of the fracture and the corresponding breakdown pressure. Leakoff rate increased 2.65 times by doubling the injection pressure because increasing the injection pressure also increases the communication among the pores, and may ‘balloon’ the large pores, or increase the microfracture density. Reactive fluids, such as HCl acid, show an infinite value of leakoff as they were found to break through the shale core, even in shale having low HCl solubility (less than 2 wt%).
Supplementary legend from Direct Metabolic Interrogation of Dihydrotestosterone Biosynthesis from Adrenal Precursors in Primary Prostatectomy Tissues (2023)

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EM mixture model probability table compression (2003)

This paper presents a new probability table compression method based on mixture models applied to N-tuple recognizers. Joint probability tables are modeled by lower dimensional probability mixtures and their mixture coefficients. The maximum likelihood parameters of the mixture models are trained by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and quantized to one byte integers. The probability elements which mixture models do not estimate reliably are kept separately. Experimental results with on-line handwritten UNIPEN digits show that the total memory size of an N-tuple recognizer is reduced from 11.8 Mbytes to 0.55 Mbytes, while the recognition rate drops from 97.7% to 97.5%.
Multiplexing gain of amplify-forward relaying in wireless multi-antenna relay networks (2010)

This paper studies the general multi-antenna multiple-relay network. Every two nodes of the network are either connected together through a Rayleigh fading channel or disconnected. We study the ergodic capacity of the network in the high SNR regime. We prove that the traditional amplify-forward relaying achieves the maximum multiplexing gain of the network. Furthermore, we show that the maximum multiplexing gain of the network is equal to the minimum vertex cut-set of the underlying graph of the network, which can be computed in polynomial time in terms of the number of network nodes. Finally, the argument is extended to the multicast and multi-access scenarios.
Preassociation between the 5‐HT 7 serotonin receptor and G protein G s : molecular determinants and association with low potency activation of adenylyl cyclase (2018)

According to early models of GPCR signaling, G proteins only interact with activated receptors. However, some GPCRs were shown to assemble with G proteins before receptor activation, in accordance with more recent models. Previously, we found that the 5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptor, as opposed to the 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptor, was preassociated with G<sub>s</sub>, but the molecular determinants for this interaction are still elusive. In a series of chimeric 5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptors with intracellular segments from 5-HT<sub>4</sub>, we determined the receptor-G protein interaction by performing antibody-immobilized fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. We identified the intracellular loop 3 and C-tail of the 5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptor to be responsible for the preassociation with G<sub>s</sub>, and we further delineated the TM5 extension in the intracellular loop 3 and helix 8 in the C-tail as the molecular determinants. These chimeric exchanges converted the 5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptor into a collision-coupled receptor that recruited G proteins only upon agonist activation, whereas reciprocal exchanges converted 5-HT<sub>4</sub> to a preassociated receptor. The 5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptor displayed 2-component agonist-induced G<sub>s</sub> signaling with high and low potency. In addition, the same segments were involved in low-potency signaling and preassociation. The correspondence between G<sub>s</sub> preassociation and low-potency G<sub>s</sub> signaling is a novel aspect of GPCR pharmacology.-Ulsund, A. H., Dahl, M., Frimurer, T. M., Manfra, O., Schwartz, T. W., Levy, F. O., Andressen, K. W. Preassociation between the 5-HT<sub>7</sub> serotonin receptor and G protein G<sub>s</sub>: molecular determinants and association with low potency activation of adenylyl cyclase.
Reach extension in 10 Gb/s long-haul fiber links with adaptive eye mapping in a Si-CMOS 16-bit transceiver IC (2004)

We demonstrate system performance improvement by adaptive eye mapping of a 10 Gb/s Si-CMOS 16-bit transceiver IC. Doubling the reach from 1000-km to 2000-km has been achieved by adaptively adjusting the threshold/phase over conventional receiver.
Non-cumulative character scoring in a forward search for online handwriting recognition (2002)

In this paper, we describe a novel and efficient search strategy as it is applied to on-line handwriting recognition. The recognition system, which is based on Viterbi decoding, computes posterior probabilities of characters based on sequences of observations, referred to as segments. Posterior distributions of segments are appealing because they allow correlation modeling of the entire segment. In addition, they provide a reliable confidence-rejection mechanism due to their discriminative nature. These posterior scores, which we term non-cumulative, cannot be used for hypothesis pruning as it is done in a standard time synchronous beam search. We propose an organization of the search algorithm that addresses the difficulties posed by the use of non-cumulative character scoring in an efficient way. We report on a writer-independent recognition system that achieves a tenfold reduction in the required number of theories while maintaining the same level of accuracy. Finally, we provide a comparison between the segmental posterior probabilities and the frame-based, class-conditional distributions of the traditional HMM approach that highlights the differences in the search methodology.
Stillbirth at Term in Women of Advanced Maternal Age in the United States: When Could the Antenatal Testing Be Initiated? (2008)

We sought to determine if advanced maternal age (AMA) is a risk factor for intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD). We used a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention database and analyzed outcomes in women 15 to 44 years of age with term singleton gestations. Cox proportional hazards models and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used. Results were controlled for maternal race and smoking. After excluding congenital anomalies and medical complications, 6,239,399 singleton term deliveries were identified. When compared with women 25 to 29 years of age, the risk of IUFD increased with advancing age: 30 to 34 years, odds ratio [OR] = 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.36); 35 to 39 years, OR = 1.45 (95% CI, 1.21 to 1.74), and 40 to 44 years, OR = 3.04 (95% CI, 1.58 to 5.86). The risk of IUFD for women 40 to 44 years of age at 39 weeks is comparable with that of 42 weeks in those 25 to 29 years of age. We concluded that AMA is an independent predictor of IUFD, and a strategy of antenatal testing in those > or = 40 years of age beginning at 38 weeks may be considered.
DETECTION OF FACTOR X ACTIVATION IN HUMANS (1987)

The activation of factor X by factor VII/VIIa-tissue factor or factor IXa plays a pivotal role in the hemostatic mechanism. This reaction results in the liberation of a peptide from the zymogen for which we have developed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA), The native peptide was purified from activated human factor X by hydroxylapatite chromatography and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gel filtration experiments demonstrated that the peptide was not physically associated with the enzyme. A 15 amino acid peptide with the COOH-terminal sequence of the activation fragment was synthesized using the solid-phase method of Merrifield. Antisera were raised in rabbits to the synthetic analogue coupled to bovine serum albumin with glutaraldehyde. The antibody population obtained was used to construct a double antibody RIA and was able to measure as little as 0.02 nM of this component. The antibody reactivity toward the factor X zymogen was negligible (less than 1/36,000 that of the activation peptide on a molar basis). However because other plasma constituents contributed to a nonspecific basal signal in the RIA, we developed an extraction procedure for the native peptide utilizing perchloric acid. Plasma peptide levels in normal individuals were ∼0.1 nM, and elevations up to 0.8 nM were observed in patients with evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Individuals chronically anticoagulated with coumarin derivatives had plasma levels of this peptide suppressed to ∼0.02 nM. The validity of our measurements of factor X activation in vivo is supported by the fact that the immunoreactive signal migrates on reverse-phase HPLC in a manner identical to that of the native activation peptide and can be quantitatively recovered. This assay should be useful for studying the pathophysiology of thrombotic as well as bleeding disorders in humans.