gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term Safety and Efficacy in Patients with DMD 4 Years Post-Treatment with Delandistrogene Moxeparvovec (SRP-9001) in a Phase 1/2a Study (P3-8.006) (2023)

To evaluate long-term safety and functional outcomes 4 years post-treatment with delandistrogene moxeparvovec (SRP-9001) in Study 101 (NCT03375164): a Phase 1/2a, single-dose, open-label clinical trial.
Hierarchy of prediction errors for auditory events in human temporal and frontal cortex (2016)

Predictive coding theories posit that neural networks learn statistical regularities in the environment for comparison with actual outcomes, signaling a prediction error (PE) when sensory deviation occurs. PE studies in audition have capitalized on low-frequency event-related potentials (LF-ERPs), such as the mismatch negativity. However, local cortical activity is well-indexed by higher-frequency bands [high-γ band (Hγ): 80-150 Hz]. We compared patterns of human Hγ and LF-ERPs in deviance detection using electrocorticographic recordings from subdural electrodes over frontal and temporal cortices. Patients listened to trains of task-irrelevant tones in two conditions differing in the predictability of a deviation from repetitive background stimuli (fully predictable vs. unpredictable deviants). We found deviance-related responses in both frequency bands over lateral temporal and inferior frontal cortex, with an earlier latency for Hγ than for LF-ERPs. Critically, frontal Hγ activity but not LF-ERPs discriminated between fully predictable and unpredictable changes, with frontal cortex sensitive to unpredictable events. The results highlight the role of frontal cortex and Hγ activity in deviance detection and PE generation.
Abstract 5569: Tumor Treating Fields inhibit the growth of pancreatic and ovarian cancer in preclinical models . (2013)

Abstract Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is an established anti-mitotic treatment modality. The Novo TTF-100A system, which delivers TTFields to the brain received FDA approval for the treatment of patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM) Brain Tumors. The goal of the present study is to test whether TTFields therapy is effective as a treatment in pre-clinical models of pancreatic and ovarian cancer. TTFields of various frequencies were applied for 72h to cancerous tumor cells using two pairs of perpendicular insulated electrodes. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and ovarian carcinoma culture growth was significantly reduced compared to controls (65%+10% and 21%+13%, respectively) with a maximal inhibitory effect seen at 150 and 200 kHz (respectively). The surviving cells exhibited increased cell volume (35%+11% and 61%+43% for pancreatic and ovarian cell lines, respectively) and a reduced viability. Fluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis revealed abnormal mitotic figure in the treated cells cultures and an increase in the 4N population, suggesting these cells failed to complete mitosis. Yet, the increase in the 4N cells fraction was too small to explain for the observed increase in cell volume in the entire remaining cell population. Combining TTFields with gemcitabine and paclitaxel commonly used for the treatment of pancreatic and ovarian cancer, enhanced treatment efficacy and led to a further increase in cell volume. The efficacy of TTFields either alone or in combination with 5FU or gemcitabine was tested in hamsters bearing syngeneic, orthotopic pancreatic tumors. In vivo imaging as well as post mortem analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in tumor weight and volume. Compared to chemotherapy treatment alone, TTF had a sensitizing effect and increased tumor response to chemotherapy. Based on previous reports, the observed increase in cell volume is expected to shift the peak response to TTFields to a lower frequency, allowing some of the cells to escape the effect of TTFields. While this is the first proposed mechanism of resistance to TTFields it also opens the possibility of overcoming that resistance using serial application of several frequencies. Citation Format: Moshe Giladi, Rosa S. Schneiderman, Yaara Porat, Mijal Munster, Aviran Itzhaki, Daniel Mordechovich, Shay Cahal, Uri Weinberg, Eilon D. Kirson, Yoram Palti. Tumor Treating Fields inhibit the growth of pancreatic and ovarian cancer in preclinical models . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5569. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5569
Sidelobe minimization in interrrupted phased arrays by mean of a genetic algorithm (2004)

There are instances in phased array antenna design in which, for structural reasons, it becomes necessary to introduce an "interruption" in the regular lattice spacing of the antenna elements. This work shows that the application of a GA to an interrupted phased array results in a design that minimizes the relative sidelobe level of the resulting pattern. This design relies not only on the introduction of a non-uniform aperture distribution, but also on the placement and width of the interruption.
HYMN to Improve the Longevity of Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Power aware routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) focuses on the crucial issue of extending the network lifetime of WSNs, which are limited by low capacity batteries. However, most of the previously proposed power aware routing algorithms have an inherent problem, which is the isolation of the sink node due to the quick power exhaustion of nodes that are close to the sink. In this paper, we propose a solution, referred to as HYbrid Multi-hop routiNg (HYMN), which addresses this problem by combining two routing strategies, namely flat multi-hop routing and hierarchical multi-hop routing. The former method aims at minimizing the total power consumption in the network while the latter attempts to decrease the amount of transferred data traffic by utilizing data compression. We present a mathematical analysis on the effect of the hybrid location on the performance of HYMN, and also demonstrate the effectiveness of HYMN through extensive simulations.
Molecular Architecture of Ribonucleoprotein Vaults (1998)

Abstract Vaults are ribonucleoprotein complexes highly conserved between species as diverse as Dictyostelium, rat, and human. Thousands of vault particles exist per cell in various tissues including liver, lung, kidney and spleen. These complexes have been found in the cytoplasm as well as associated with the nuclear membrane. Vaults have a large barrel-like middle section with a protruding cap on each end. These structures have an average mass of 12.9 ± 1 MDa, as measured by STEM, and are composed of 3 proteins, p210, pi92 and pi04, as well as an RNA strand of approximately 90 bases. The major vault protein, pl04, constitutes the majority of the particle mass, existing in 96 copies per structure. The major vault protein was recently recognized as the lung-resistance related protein (LRP), a known multidrug resistance gene that is over-expressed in certain cancer cells, including ovarian and myeloid leukemia cells. A three-dimensional structure of the vault complex was generated using the QVIEW and IMAGIC-5 software packages (Fig. 1).
A deep-level transient spectroscopy study of silicon interface states using different silicon nitride surface passivation schemes (2010)

Low frequency direct plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited Si–SiNx interface properties with and without NH3 plasma pretreatment, with and without rapid thermal annealing (RTA) have been investigated with deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) on both n- and p-type monocrystalline silicon samples. It is shown that four different defect states are identified at the Si–SiNx interface. Energy-dependent electron and hole capture cross sections were also measured by small-pulse DLTS. Samples with plasma NH3 pretreatment and RTA show the lowest DLTS signals, which suggest the lowest overall interface states density. Moreover, SiNx with RTA passivates interface states more efficiently in n-type Si compared with p-type Si; also the deep-level parameters change in n-type Si but not in p-type Si. The combination of plasma NH3 pretreatment and RTA is suggested for application in the solar cell fabrication.
Figure S3 from Detection of Promoter DNA Methylation in Urine and Plasma Aids the Detection of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

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Adjacent cysteine residues as a redox switch (2001)

Oxidation of adjacent cysteine residues into a cystine forms a strained eight-membered ring. This motif was tested as the basis for an enzyme with an artificial redox switch. Adjacent cysteine residues were introduced into two different structural contexts in ribonuclease A (RNase A) by site-directed mutagenesis to produce the A5C/A6C and S15C/S16C variants. Ala5 and Ala6 are located in an alpha-helix, whereas Ser15 and Ser16 are located in a surface loop. Only A5C/A6C RNase A had the desired property. The catalytic activity of this variant decreases by 70% upon oxidation. The new disulfide bond also decreases the conformational stability of the A5C/A6C variant. Reduction with dithiothreitol restores full enzymatic activity. Thus, the insertion of adjacent cysteine residues in a proper context can be used to modulate enzymatic activity.
Planar antennas for THz radiation detector based on a MOSFET (2011)

This paper presents a design of planar antennas integrated with MOSFETs to form a THz radiation detector. The antennas have been developed on thin substrates in order to increase the detector responsivity through eliminating substrate modes responsible for electromagnetic power losses.
<title>Micromachined microscanners for optical scanning</title> (1997)

We present the design and fabrication of surface- micromachined electrostatic-comb driven microscanners that have high angular precision over a large scan angle. When used as resonant scanners, these mirrors have fast scan rates with very low operating power. We use polysilicon microhinges, which allow the micromirrors to be lifted out of the plane of the substrate after processing is completed, to create high-aspect-ratio optical surfaces with dimensions in the hundreds of micrometers s while taking advantage of the planar surface-micromachining processing technology. Microscanners that are capable of high-speed scanning over large scan angles with high precision have been fabricated. Application of these actuated micromirrors in laser barcode scanning and optical-fiber switches have been demonstrated. These single-mirror scanners can be combined to form more complicated microscanners such as a two-mirror, two-axis raster scanner that have a wide range of applications in areas such as medicine, displays, printing, data storage, and communications.
Catalytically Active Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles: Exploring Their Functions in Complex Biological Media (2018)

Dynamic single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) are intriguing, bioinspired architectures that result from the collapse or folding of an individual polymer chain into a nanometer-sized particle. Here we present a detailed biophysical study on the behavior of dynamic SCPNs in living cells and an evaluation of their catalytic functionality in such a complex medium. We first developed a number of delivery strategies that allowed the selective localization of SCPNs in different cellular compartments. Live/dead tests showed that the SCPNs were not toxic to cells while spectral imaging revealed that SCPNs provide a structural shielding and reduced the influence from the outer biological media. The ability of SCPNs to act as catalysts in biological media was first assessed by investigating their potential for reactive oxygen species generation. With porphyrins covalently attached to the SCPNs, singlet oxygen was generated upon irradiation with light, inducing spatially controlled cell death. In addition, Cu(I)- and Pd(II)-based SCPNs were prepared and these catalysts were screened in vitro and studied in cellular environments for the carbamate cleavage reaction of rhodamine-based substrates. This is a model reaction for the uncaging of bioactive compounds such as cytotoxic drugs for catalysis-based cancer therapy. We observed that the rate of the deprotection depends on both the organometallic catalysts and the nature of the protective group. The rate reduces from in vitro to the biological environment, indicating a strong influence of biomolecules on catalyst performance. The Cu(I)-based SCPNs in combination with the dimethylpropargyloxycarbonyl protective group showed the best performances both in vitro and in biological environment, making this group promising in biomedical applications.
Attenuated Aβ42 Responses to Low Potency γ-Secretase Modulators Can Be Overcome for Many Pathogenic Presenilin Mutants by Second-generation Compounds (2011)

Sequential processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein by β- and γ-secretase generates the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which is widely believed to play a causative role in Alzheimer disease. Selective lowering of the pathogenic 42-amino acid variant of Aβ by γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) is a promising therapeutic strategy. Here we report that mutations in presenilin (PS), the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, display differential responses to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-type GSMs and more potent second-generation compounds. Although many pathogenic PS mutations resisted lowering of Aβ(42) generation by the NSAID sulindac sulfide, the potent NSAID-like second-generation compound GSM-1 was capable of lowering Aβ(42) for many but not all mutants. We further found that mutations at homologous positions in PS1 and PS2 can elicit differential Aβ(42) responses to GSM-1, suggesting that a positive GSM-1 response depends on the spatial environment in γ-secretase. The aggressive pathogenic PS1 L166P mutation was one of the few pathogenic mutations that resisted GSM-1, and Leu-166 was identified as a critical residue with respect to the Aβ(42)-lowering response of GSM-1. Finally, we found that GSM-1-responsive and -resistant PS mutants behave very similarly toward other potent second-generation compounds of different structural classes than GSM-1. Taken together, our data show that a positive Aβ(42) response for PS mutants depends both on the particular mutation and the GSM used and that attenuated Aβ(42) responses to low potency GSMs can be overcome for many PS mutants by second generation GSMs.
Synthesis and characterization of free radical cured Bis‐methacryloxy bisphenol‐A epoxy networks (1983)

Abstract Synthesis and free‐radical curing reaction of the bisglycidylmethacrylate of bisphenol‐A (Bis‐GMA) were investigated. Bis‐GMA resin was synthesized by reacting Epon 825 with methacrylie acid, followed by characterization using IR and NMR spectroscopy. Various modifiers having reactive double bonds were co‐cured with the methacryloxy resins using a free‐radical initiator. The networks obtained were compared with a cycloaliphatic amine‐cured epoxy network. Thermal characterization shows that methacryloxy‐cured systems are more resistant to mechanical penetration and have higher glass‐transition temperatures and better stability with regard to thermal decomposition as compared with the conventional diamine‐cured epoxy networks. Dynamic mechanical experiments and stress‐strain tests also indicate that Bis‐GMA based networks have higher tensile moduli and lower elongation at break. Using different modifiers such as 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate, the tensile and impact properties of the networks can be improved.
Demonstration of an InGaAs gate stack with sufficient PBTI reliability by thermal budget optimization, nitridation, high-k material choice, and interface dipole (2016)

We have shown that the poor PBTI reliability of IIIV/high-k gate stacks is universally related to process thermal budget limitations. Low temperature anneal optimization and high-k nitridation reduce oxide defect density. In contrast to a wide distribution of defect levels in Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> , HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> on InGaAs shows a minimum defect density ∼0.2eV below the channel E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</inf> . By introducing an interface dipole, a significant reliability boost was demonstrated. While low thermal budget high-k quality and IIIV interface thermal stability constitute challenges, our results show that a reliable IIIV/high-k gate stack can be fabricated.
Degrees-of-Freedom of the K-User MISO Interference Channel with Delayed Local CSIT (2015)

This paper considers a K-user Multiple-Input-Single-Output (MISO) Interference Channel (IC), where the channel state information obtained by the transmitters (CSIT) is perfect, but completely outdated. A Retrospective Interference Alignment (RIA) using such delayed CSIT was proposed by the authors of [1] for the MISO Broadcast Channel (BC), but the extension to the MISO IC is a non-trivial step as each transmitter only has the message intended for the corresponding user. Recently, [7] focused on a Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) IC and solved such bottleneck by inventing a distributed higher order symbol generation. Our main work is to extend [7] to the MISO case by integrating some features of the scheme proposed in [1]. The achieved sum Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) performance is asymptotically given by 64/15 when $K\to\infty$, outperforming all the previously known results.
Local motion phases for learning multi-contact character movements (2020)

Training a bipedal character to play basketball and interact with objects, or a quadruped character to move in various locomotion modes, are difficult tasks due to the fast and complex contacts happening during the motion. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to learn fast and dynamic character interactions that involve multiple contacts between the body and an object, another character and the environment, from a rich, unstructured motion capture database. We use one-on-one basketball play and character interactions with the environment as examples. To achieve this task, we propose a novel feature called local motion phase, that can help neural networks to learn asynchronous movements of each bone and its interaction with external objects such as a ball or an environment. We also propose a novel generative scheme to reproduce a wide variation of movements from abstract control signals given by a gamepad, which can be useful for changing the style of the motion under the same context. Our scheme is useful for animating contact-rich, complex interactions for real-time applications such as computer games.
Radio Frequency Ablation Registration, Segmentation, and Fusion Tool (2005)

The radio frequency ablation segmentation tool (RFAST) is a software application developed using NIH's medical image processing analysis and visualization (MIPAV) API for the specific purpose of assisting physicians in the planning of radio frequency ablation (RFA) procedures. The RFAST application sequentially leads the physician through the steps necessary to register, fuse, segment, visualize and plan the RFA treatment. Three-dimensional volume visualization of the CT dataset with segmented 3D surface models enables the physician to interactively position the ablation probe to simulate burns and to semi-manually simulate sphere packing in an attempt to optimize probe placement.
Mild Hypothermia Attenuates Cytochrome C Release but Does Not Alter Bcl-2 Expression or Caspase Activation after Experimental Stroke (2002)

Mild hypothermia protects the brain from ischemia, but the underlying mechanisms of this effect are not well known. The authors previously found that hypothermia reduces the density of apoptotic cells, but it is not certain whether temperature alters associated biochemical events. Mitochondrial release of cytochrome c has recently been shown to be a key trigger in caspase activation and apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. Using a model of transient focal cerebral ischemia, the authors determined whether mild hypothermia altered expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, and caspase activation. Mild hypothermia significantly decreased the amount of cytochrome c release 5 hours after the onset of ischemia, but mitochondrial translocation of Bax was not observed until 24 hours. Mild hypothermia did not alter Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and caspase activation was not observed. The present study provides the first evidence that intraischemic mild hypothermia attenuates the release of cytochrome c in the brain, but does not appear to affect other biochemical aspects of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. They conclude that necrotic processes may have been interrupted to prevent cytochrome c release, and that the ameliorative effect of mild hypothermia may be a result of maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Furthermore, the authors show it is unlikely that mild hypothermia alters the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: P‐Chirogenic Phosphine/Sulfide Hybrid Ligands. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A fast and accurate framework to analyze and optimize cache memory behavior (2004)

The gap between processor and main memory performance increases every year. In order to overcome this problem, cache memories are widely used. However, they are only effective when programs exhibit sufficient data locality. Compile-time program transformations can significantly improve the performance of the cache. To apply most of these transformations, the compiler requires a precise knowledge of the locality of the different sections of the code, both before and after being transformed.Cache miss equations (CMEs) allow us to obtain an analytical and precise description of the cache memory behavior for loop-oriented codes. Unfortunately, a direct solution of the CMEs is computationally intractable due to its NP-complete nature.This article proposes a fast and accurate approach to estimate the solution of the CMEs. We use sampling techniques to approximate the absolute miss ratio of each reference by analyzing a small subset of the iteration space. The size of the subset, and therefore the analysis time, is determined by the accuracy selected by the user. In order to reduce the complexity of the algorithm to solve CMEs, effective mathematical techniques have been developed to analyze the subset of the iteration space that is being considered. These techniques exploit some properties of the particular polyhedra represented by CMEs.