gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Preclinical and clinical studies on a tumor marker, galactosyltransferase associated with tumor (GAT), in ovarian cancer (first report)--preclinical study of GAT assay kit and clinical study of normal level]. (1993)

We conducted preclinical and clinical studies on GAT: Galactosyltransferase Associated with Tumor, a newly developed tumor marker of ovarian carcinoma. This paper presents the results of evaluation of a GAT assay kit, the normal range of its values, and analysis of its value relative to age, menstrual cycle, and stage of pregnancy. Calibration curve, reproducibility, analytical recovery test, and dilution test all yielded favorable results, and the assay system was proved to be reliable in both precision and reproducibility. However, special attention must be paid to highly hemolytic samples because of a positive error in GAT value for samples with a high concentration of hemoglobin. The cut-off value was set at 16U/ml based on the mean+2SD of healthy females. A uniform cut-off value could be employed since neither age nor stage of menstrual cycle had any observable influence on the level. The positive rate for healthy subjects was 3.1%, when the cut-off value of 16 U/ml was used. On the other hand, elevation of the GAT value was observed during the progression of pregnancy.
Latent taste diversity revealed by a vertebrate-wide catalogue of T1R receptors (2023)

Abstract Taste is a vital chemical sense for feeding behavior. In mammals, the umami and sweet taste receptors are composed of three members of the taste receptor type 1 (T1R/TAS1R) family: T1R1, T1R2, and T1R3. Because their functional homologs exist in teleosts, only three TAS1R genes generated by gene duplication are believed to have been inherited from the common ancestor of bony vertebrates. Here, we report five previously uncharacterized TAS1R members in vertebrates, named TAS1R4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , and TAS1Rcf , through a genome-wide survey of diverse taxa. For TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 , mammalian and teleost fish genes were found to be paralogous. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the bony vertebrate ancestor had nine TAS1Rs due to multiple gene duplications, and some TAS1R s were lost independently in each lineage; ultimately, mammals and teleosts have retained only three TAS1R s, whereas other lineages have retained more TAS1Rs . Functional assays and expression analysis in non-teleost fishes suggest that the novel T1Rs form heterodimers in taste receptor cells and contribute to the recognition of a broad range of ligands such as essential amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids, which were not previously considered as T1R ligands. These results highlight an unexpected diversity of taste sensations in both modern and the ancestors of vertebrates. The complex evolution of the taste receptor family might have enabled vertebrates to adapt to diverse habitats on Earth.
Real time deformation of the bioprosthetic heart valve (2003)

We have previously examined the effects of fatigue on bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV) cusp 3D geometry and structure. It was found that the regions of the cusp with highest curvature correlated to the regions that experienced the highest damage. However, while of high spatial resolution, the data obtained in that study was done under static, zero load conditions. To date, there are no dynamic data on how the aortic valve deforms and how this changes with chemical fixation and fatigue. In the study, we utilize dynamic imaging data from both the natural and pericardial BHV to begin to study the shape and deformation in real time of natural and BHV deformations during the cardiac cycle.
Internal exhaust gas recirculation via reinduction and negative valve overlap for fuel-efficient aftertreatment thermal management at curb idle in a diesel engine (2021)

Low air-flow diesel engine strategies are advantageous during low load operation to maintain temperatures of a warmed-up aftertreatment system (ATS) while reducing fuel consumption and engine-out emissions. This paper presents results at curb idle for internal EGR (iEGR) that demonstrate low airflow and reduced engine-out emissions during fuel-efficient ATS temperature maintenance operation. Internal EGR via reinduction and trapping using negative valve overlap (NVO) are compared to each other, conventional operation and to other low airflow approaches including cylinder deactivation (CDA). At 800 RPM/1.3 bar BMEP (curb idle) iEGR via reinduction enables 200°C engine-out temperature combined with 70% lower NO X , 35% lower fuel consumption, and 40% lower exhaust flow rate than conventional thermal management operation. Internal EGR via trapping using NVO resulted in an engine-out temperature of 185°C, with 56% lower NO X and 25% lower fuel consumption than conventional thermal management operation. Both iEGR strategies have lower engine-out temperatures and higher exhaust flow rates than CDA. No external EGR is required for either iEGR strategy. “iEGR via reinduction” outperforms “iEGR via NVO” as a result of higher open cycle efficiency (via less pumping work) and higher closed-cycle efficiency (via higher specific heat ratio).
Double‐Structured LiMn0.85Fe0.15PO4 Coordinated with LiFePO4 for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2012)

Ein neuer Mantel: LiMn1−xFexPO4-Materialien mit unterschiedlich dickem LiFePO4-Mantel um eine LiMn0.85Fe0.15PO4-Bulkphase wurden hergestellt. Physikalische Eigenschaften wie die Rütteldichte, die Porosität und die Morphologie wurden optimiert. Das im Mikrobereich doppelt strukturierte LiMn0.85Fe0.15PO4/LiFePO4-Material (siehe Bild) ist ein idealer Kandidat für den Einsatz in wiederaufladbaren Lithiumbatterien. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
MotionDeltaCNN: Sparse CNN Inference of Frame Differences in Moving Camera Videos (2022)

Convolutional neural network inference on video input is computationally expensive and requires high memory bandwidth. Recently, DeltaCNN managed to reduce the cost by only processing pixels with significant updates over the previous frame. However, DeltaCNN relies on static camera input. Moving cameras add new challenges in how to fuse newly unveiled image regions with already processed regions efficiently to minimize the update rate - without increasing memory overhead and without knowing the camera extrinsics of future frames. In this work, we propose MotionDeltaCNN, a sparse CNN inference framework that supports moving cameras. We introduce spherical buffers and padded convolutions to enable seamless fusion of newly unveiled regions and previously processed regions -- without increasing memory footprint. Our evaluation shows that we outperform DeltaCNN by up to 90% for moving camera videos.
Bacteriophage T7 DNA replication. Synthesis of lagging strands in a reconstituted system using purified proteins. (1983)

Replication of the lagging strand of bacteriophage T7 DNA occurs in a discontinuous fashion that requires RNA-primed DNA synthesis, the removal of the RNA primers, the replacement of the ribonucleotides with deoxyribonucleotides, and the covalent joining of adjacent DNA fragments. We have examined each of these steps as well as the whole process through the use of model substrates and partial reactions using purified proteins. Tetraribonucleotides (pppACCC or pppACCA), synthesized by the T7 gene 4 protein on single-stranded DNA, are used as primers by T7 DNA polymerase to yield RNA-terminated DNA fragments. The removal of the RNA primers is catalyzed by the 5' to 3' hydrolytic activities of either Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I or the T7 gene 6 exonuclease. The products of hydrolysis are pppApC, ATP, and nucleoside 5'-monophosphates or ATP and nucleoside 5'-monophosphates, respectively. The requirement for DNA synthesis to fill the gap between adjacent DNA fragments can be fulfilled by Form II of T7 DNA polymerase but not by Form I. DNA synthesis catalyzed by Form II of T7 DNA polymerase eliminates gaps to create a substrate for DNA ligase whereas strand displacement synthesis catalyzed by Form I creates an aberrant structure that cannot be joined. Either the host or phage DNA ligase can effect the final covalent joining. All steps in the replication of a lagging strand have been coupled in a model system that catalyzes the formation of covalently closed, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules using single-stranded viral DNA as template. A combination of four bacteriophage proteins, gene 4 protein, Form II of T7 DNA polymerase, gene 6 exonuclease, and DNA ligase, can accomplish this overall reaction.
The sound of silence: Predictive error responses to unexpected sound omission in adults (2022)

Abstract The human auditory system excels at detecting patterns needed for processing speech and music. According to predictive coding, the brain predicts incoming sounds, compares predictions to sensory input and generates a prediction error whenever a mismatch between the prediction and sensory input occurs. Predictive coding can be indexed in electroencephalography (EEG) with the mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a, two components of event‐related potentials (ERP) that are elicited by infrequent deviant sounds (e.g., differing in pitch, duration and loudness) in a stream of frequent sounds. If these components reflect prediction error, they should also be elicited by omitting an expected sound, but few studies have examined this. We compared ERPs elicited by infrequent randomly occurring omissions (unexpected silences) in tone sequences presented at two tones per second to ERPs elicited by frequent, regularly occurring omissions (expected silences) within a sequence of tones presented at one tone per second. We found that unexpected silences elicited significant MMN and P3a, although the magnitude of these components was quite small and variable. These results provide evidence for hierarchical predictive coding, indicating that the brain predicts silences and sounds.
A novel mass spectrometric approach to the analysis of hormonal peptides in extracts of mouse pancreatic islets (2003)

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a valuable tool in the analysis of proteins and peptides. The combination of LC-MS with different fragmentation methods provides sequence information on components in complex mixtures. In this work, on-line packed capillary LC electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS was combined with two complementary fragmentation techniques, i.e. nozzle-skimmer fragmentation and electron capture dissociation, for the determination of hormonal peptides in an acid ethanol extract of mouse pancreatic islets. The most abundant peptides, those derived from proinsulin and proglucagon, were identified by their masses and additional sequence-tag information established their identities. Interestingly, the experiments demonstrated the presence of truncated C-peptides, des-(25-29)-C-peptide and des-(27-31)-C-peptide. These novel findings clearly illustrate the potential usefulness of the described technique for on-line sequencing and characterization of peptides in tissue extracts.
A Novel Absorbable Radiopaque Hydrogel Spacer to Separate the Head of the Pancreas and Duodenum in Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer (2017)

Currently, dose escalation has been limited owing to radiosensitive structures adjacent to the pancreas. We demonstrated the feasibility of hydrogel separation of the HOP and duodenum. Future studies will evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique with the potential for more effective dose escalation using SBRT or intensity-modulated radiation therapy to improve the outcomes in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Trial-to-trial Adaptation: Parsing out the Roles of Cerebellum and BG in Predictive Motor Timing (2016)

We previously demonstrated that predictive motor timing (i.e., timing requiring visuomotor coordination in anticipation of a future event, such as catching or batting a ball) is impaired in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 6 and 8 relative to healthy controls. Specifically, SCA patients had difficulties postponing their motor response while estimating the target kinematics. This behavioral difference relied on the activation of both cerebellum and striatum in healthy controls, but not in cerebellar patients, despite both groups activating certain parts of cerebellum during the task. However, the role of these two key structures in the dynamic adaptation of the motor timing to target kinematic properties remained unexplored. In the current paper, we analyzed these data with the aim of characterizing the trial-by-trial changes in brain activation. We found that in healthy controls alone, and in comparison with SCA patients, the activation in bilateral striatum was exclusively associated with past successes and that in the left putamen, with maintaining a successful performance across successive trials. In healthy controls, relative to SCA patients, a larger network was involved in maintaining a successful trial-by-trial strategy; this included cerebellum and fronto-parieto-temporo-occipital regions that are typically part of attentional network and action monitoring. Cerebellum was also part of a network of regions activated when healthy participants postponed their motor response from one trial to the next; SCA patients showed reduced activation relative to healthy controls in both cerebellum and striatum in the same contrast. These findings support the idea that cerebellum and striatum play complementary roles in the trial-by-trial adaptation in predictive motor timing. In addition to expanding our knowledge of brain structures involved in time processing, our results have implications for the understanding of BG disorders, such as Parkinson disease where feedback processing or reward learning is affected.
Power-aware admission control and virtual machine allocation for cloud applications (2015)

Different service providers in the cloud computing environment assume different responsibilities. Software as a Service (SaaS) providers have to respond to users' requests within an acceptable deadline determined in their Service Level Agreement (SLA) contracts, while Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers mostly care about the infrastructural resources. Power and cooling management and pricing of available resources are concerns of IaaS providers. The goal of an SaaS provider is to maximize the revenue from SLAs and minimize the cost of using IaaS resources. An IaaS provider wants to maximize the prices of its own resources that it charges its clients, and at the same time minimize the total power consumption of infrastructural resources. Each provider's decision may affect the other providers' strategies. In this paper, we propose a power-aware algorithm for both IaaS and SaaS providers to jointly and optimally control the admission rate and allocate the resources. We simulate different scenarios to substantiate the viability of our proposed scheme.
TAp73/ΔNp73 influences apoptotic response, chemosensitivity and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (2005)

p73, a p53 family protein, has significant homology to p53. Unlike p53, the expression of p73 is regulated by two different promoters resulting in proteins with opposite functions: the full-length transcriptionally active TAp73 and the dominant negative p73 (ΔNp73). We investigated the downstream mechanisms by which TAp73ß and ΔNp73 regulate apoptosis. TAp73ß transactivated the CD95 gene via the p53-binding site in the first intron. In addition, TAp73ß induced expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl–2 family members and led to apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, endogenous p73 was upregulated in response to DNA damage by bleomycin and doxorubicin. TAp73ß and bleomycin synergized in the induction of cell death. On the contrary, ΔNp73, conferred resistance to chemotherapy. Inhibition of CD95 gene transactivation was one mechanism by which ΔNp73 functionally inactivated the tumor suppressor action of p53 and TAp73ß. Concomitantly, ΔNp73 inhibited apoptosis emanating from mitochondria. Thus, ΔNp73 expression in tumors selects against both the death receptor and the mitochondrial apoptosis activity of TAp73ß. Western Blot analysis of tumor tissue from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma revealed that TAp73 and ΔNp73 are specifically expressed in tumor tissue, but not in non-neoplastic liver tissue. Hereby, TAp73 and ΔNp73 seemed to be inversely regulated, i.e. high expression of TAp73 corresponded to low expression of ΔNp73 and vice versa. By immunostaining, our antibody raised specifically against ΔNp73, identified 31 out of 84 (37%) of the HCCs to overexpress ΔNp73. The clinical relevance of these data is evidenced by our finding that upregulation of ΔNp73 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients correlates with reduced survival. The survival analysis took into account ΔNp73 positivity (defined by immunohistochemistry), UICC tumor stage and Edmondson grade. Preferential upregulation of ΔNp73 in HCCs might impose oncogenic activity that specifically interferes with the tumor suppressor function of wild-type p53 and TAp73, as we have shown in vitro. In conclusion, our data indicate that ΔNp73 is an important gene in hepatocarcinogenesis and a relevant prognostic factor.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of (+/−)-β-2′,3′-Dideoxy-5-Fluoro-3′-Thiacytidine with Efavirenz and Stavudine in Antiretroviral-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients (2005)

Racivir [RCV; (+/-)-beta-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine], a 50:50 racemic mixture of the two beta nucleoside enantiomers, is currently in development for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections. RCV was administered once a day orally for 14 days at doses of 200, 400, or 600 mg in combination with stavudine and efavirenz to HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve male volunteers in a phase Ib/IIa study. Six volunteers at each dose were monitored for a total of 35 days for tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and plasma HIV RNA levels. RCV in combination with stavudine and efavirenz was well tolerated at all doses tested. Pharmacokinetic parameters were dose proportional, and the maximum concentration of drug in serum at all doses exceeded the 90% effective concentration for wild-type HIV-1. Viral loads dropped as expected in all dosage groups, with mean reductions from 1.13 to 1.42 log10 by day 4 and 2.02 to 2.43 log10 by day 14. HIV RNA levels remained suppressed for more than 2 weeks in the absence of any additional therapy, with mean viral loads ranging from 2.1 to 2.6 log10 below baseline through day 28. By day 35, HIV RNA levels began to increase but still remained >1 log10 below baseline levels.
La inadmisión del recurso de casación por competencia de los Juzgados: ¿hacia una doble instancia contencioso-administrativa? (A propósito de la STC 119/2008, de 13 de octubre) (2009)

The new lump sum payment scheme for psychiatric and psychosomatic services is coming into force in 2013. This constitutes another step on the way to performance-based financial compensation of inpatient and day hospital treatment in psychiatric and psychosomatic hospitals in Germany. This fundamental change needs to be accompanied by scientific evaluation with regards to its effects. This article reflects on the legal foundations of such evaluations and the current progress of preparation. Furthermore, own approaches for analysing the effects of the new finance scheme are presented.
The Growth and Reduction of Duplex Oxide Films on Copper (1985)

Abstract The formation and reduction of anodic oxides on copper was studied by potentiodynamic polarization curves, fast potentiostatic pulse experiments and capacity measurements in alkaline solutions. Four different oxide species could be distinguished by their kinetic and capacitive behaviour: the oxide CuO x , which represents few monomolecular layers of copper oxide, formed in short periods or at low potentials, the oxides Cu 2 O and CuO at intermediate potentials and for longer polarization times, and a non‐defined oxidation product CuO y · z H 2 O at high potentials. The first 3 oxides form semiconducting films, which grow according to a high field mechanism. At intermediate potentials and at longer polarization times, the passive film consists of an inner Cu 2 O‐ and an outer CuO‐film, the properties of which are limited by the electronic properties. The common analysis for a high field mechanism of oxide growth can be applied to both stable oxides, taking into account the local potential difference Δ ϕ i &lt; Δε. The potential drop Δ ϕ i in each of these oxides does not exceed 0.5 V. The potential drop Δ ϕ H in the Helmholtz layer is constant at potentials up to 1.2 V, but it increases with ε at higher potentials. The capacitive behaviour cannot be explained only by capacitors in series but parallel with diodes short circuiting the layers at an upper value of Δ ϕ i . The oxide formation of CuO x , Cu 2 O and CuO takes place homogeneously all over the surface with almost constant thickness. The reduction occurs by an island mechanism for the duplex film as well as for the CuO x , film. The results are explained on the basis of a tentatively band structure model of the passive film.
Investigation of Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction Analysis in Smectic A Liquid Crystal Cells (1996)

Time-resolved X-ray diffraction analysis of smectic A liquid crystal cells is investigated. Frequency and duty ratio dependence of smectic A layer motions is measured. From the experimental results, possible mechanisms of layer motions are discussed.
Tetrandrine-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human lung carcinoma cells (2002)

Tetrandrine, isolated from the root of Stephania tetrandra, has been used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of silicosis and arthritis, and it also has anti-tumor/growth activities. However, the signaling pathways of tetrandrine-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells remain unclear. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of tetrandrine-induced apoptosis and growth arrest in human lung carcinoma cells. Upon treatment with tetrandrine, a time-dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed and cells developed many of the hallmark features of apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that tetrandrine increased populations of both apoptotic sub-G1 and G1 phase. Tetrandrine-induced growth inhibition was associated with induction of Cdk inhibitor p21, inhibition of cyclin D1 and activation of caspase-3. Tetrandrine also affected the expression patterns of cytoskeletons including distribution of F-actin and expression level of microtubule. These results suggest that tetrandrine merits further investigation as a cell cycle blocker as well as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
Obesity Triples the Radiation Dose of Stone Protocol Computerized Tomography (2012)

The effective dose of stone protocol computerized tomography in obese patients is more than threefold higher than the dose in nonobese patients using automatic tube current modulation. The implication of this finding extends beyond the urological stone population and adds to our understanding of radiation exposure from medical imaging.
Cartesian Feedback with digital enhancement applied to fully integrated CMOS RF transmitter (2012)

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