gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planar Array Geometry Optimization for Region Sound Acquisition (2021)

Microphone arrays have been used in wide range of applications for sound acquisition and signal enhancement, the performance of which depends not only on the processing algorithms but also on the array geometry. A large number of efforts have been devoted to the development of beamforming and signal enhancement algorithms for processing microphone array signals in the literature. Relatively, few efforts have been made to investigate the problem of array geometry optimization. This paper studies the problem of geometry optimization for planar arrays and it develops a genetic optimization algorithm that can optimize the positions of the sensors, thereby maximizing the directivity factor (DF) with a constrained level of white noise gain (WNG) given the number of microphones, the region in which they should be placed, and the interested range of steering. Simulation results show that the optimized array geometry outperforms the uniform linear, the uniform circular and the rectangular grid geometries in terms of DF with the same number of sensors and the same constraint on the minimum level of WNG.
Semi-Supervised Single- and Multi-Domain Regression with Multi-Domain\n Training (2012)

We address the problems of multi-domain and single-domain regression based on\ndistinct and unpaired labeled training sets for each of the domains and a large\nunlabeled training set from all domains. We formulate these problems as a\nBayesian estimation with partial knowledge of statistical relations. We propose\na worst-case design strategy and study the resulting estimators. Our analysis\nexplicitly accounts for the cardinality of the labeled sets and includes the\nspecial cases in which one of the labeled sets is very large or, in the other\nextreme, completely missing. We demonstrate our estimators in the context of\nremoving expressions from facial images and in the context of audio-visual word\nrecognition, and provide comparisons to several recently proposed multi-modal\nlearning algorithms.\n
Weighted flowtime on capacitated machines (2013)

It is well-known that SRPT is optimal for minimizing flow time on machines that run one job at a time. However, running one job at a time is a big under-utilization for modern systems where sharing, simultaneous execution, and virtualization-enabled consolidation are a common trend to boost utilization. Such machines, used in modern large data centers and clouds, are powerful enough to run multiple jobs/VMs at a time subject to overall CPU, memory, network, and disk capacity constraints.Motivated by this prominent trend and need, in this work, we give the first scheduling algorithms to minimize weighted flow time on such capacitated machines. To capture the difficulty of the problem, we show that without resource augmentation, no online algorithm can achieve a bounded competitive ratio. We then investigate algorithms with a small resource augmentation in speed and/or capacity. Our first result is a simple (2 + e)-capacity O(1/e)-competitive greedy algorithm. Using only speed augmentation, we then obtain a 1.75-speed O(1)-competitive algorithm. Our main technical result is a near-optimal (1+e)-speed, (1+e)-capacity O(1/e3)-competitive algorithm using a novel combination of knapsacks, densities, job classification into categories, and potential function methods. We show that our results also extend to the multiple unrelated capacitated machines setting.
Hydrate (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Functional Analysis of the CD4 + T-Cell Response to Epstein-Barr Virus: T-Cell-Mediated Activation of Resting B Cells and Induction of Viral BZLF1 Expression (2000)

In contrast to the major role played by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell responses in immunosurveillance, recent studies have offered the apparently paradoxical suggestion that development of EBV-driven human B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and tumors in SCID/hu mice is dependent on the presence of T cells, in particular CD4(+) T cells. This study presents a functional analysis of the CD4(+) T-cell response to EBV and shows that while CD4(+) T cells may be cytotoxic, they also express Th2 cytokines and CD40 ligand (gp39) and possess B-cell helper function. We show that EBV-specific CD4(+) T cells can provide non-HLA-restricted help for activation of resting B cells via a gp39-CD40-dependent pathway and are able to induce expression of BZLF1, a viral lytic cycle transactivator in latently infected resting B cells, ultimately resulting in rapid outgrowth of transformed B-cell colonies. These results support the proposal that CD4(+) T cells may play a key role in reactivation of latent EBV infection and may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders.
Functional pathway mapping of human glioblastoma multiforme and brain metastases for patient tailored therapy (2009)

2076 Background: Genome scanning analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has suggested that this form of cancer is a protein pathway disease. Since genomic analysis cannot directly predict protein activation, analysis of protein pathway activation is required. With the current focus on targeted translational therapeutic modalities, a functional understanding of the GBM signaling repertoire is critical, and yet largely unknown. Methods: Twelve tumors were included in this study: 10 GBMs (9 primary, 1 recurrent) and two brain metastases (1 breast and 1 lung). Pure tumor cell populations were obtained from fixed frozen tissue sections using Laser Capture Microdissection. Protein pathway mapping was performed using Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays (RPMA) whereby the activation of 85 key signaling proteins was quantitatively measured at once. Unsupervised and supervised analysis was used to explore pathway activation. Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of all tumors in the study set revealed largely patient-specific signaling portraits yet also identified distinct pathway subsets. The two metastatic tumors clustered separately and distinctly from the GBMs. The GBM specimens clustered according to pathway activity. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant correlations between certain phosphorylated endpoints detected and overall survival. Phosphorylation of cofilin (S3) was associated with shorter survival time, while Stat1 (Y701) and Shc (Y317) phosphorylation were both positively correlated with longer overall survival. Conclusions: This study represents the most comprehensive proteomic analysis of human GBM pathway mapping to date. Since certain pathway biomarkers are themselves being targeted by current investigational therapies, the ability to map pathway activation and identify critical pathway biomarkers can lead to targeted therapeutics tailored to each patient's tumor. The ability to segregate short from long-term survivors according to protein pathway activation is promising. [Table: see text]
Continuous scanning of a dissipative Kerr micro-resonator soliton comb (Conference Presentation) (2020)

We demonstrate continuous scanning of a dissipative Kerr micro-resonator soliton comb (hereafter called soliton comb). Detuning between a cw pump laser and a resonance of a microresonator is fixed via Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) locking during scanning so as to maintain soliton operation. We show continuous comb mode scanning of as large as 190 GHz by heating the microresonator. In addition, with the frequency-scanned soliton comb, we demonstrate broadband, high resolution spectroscopy, showing spectral features with a bandwidth of as small as 5 MHz, while covering more than 2 THz spectrum.
Investigation of a patient with a partial trisomy 16q including the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO): Fine mapping and FTO gene expression study (2010)

A female patient with a partial trisomy 16q was described previously. Her clinical characteristics included obesity, severe anisomastia, moderate to severe mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dysmorphic facies, and contractions of the small joints. In this article, we describe a more detailed analysis of the genetic anomaly in this patient. We were particularly interested in the involvement of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) in her duplication. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in FTO have been associated with obesity. The breakpoints of the duplication were precisely mapped using high-resolution oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). We found that the duplication spans 11.45 Mb on 16q11.2 to 16q13 and it includes FTO. The increased copy number of FTO was confirmed with a qPCR on genomic DNA of the patient. We investigated the influence of the increased FTO copy number on FTO gene expression in immortalized lymphocytes from the patient using qPCR. No evidence of increased FTO expression was detected in the patient's lymphocytes. We discuss these findings and we review clinical findings in patients with overlapping 16q duplications to determine the relationship between increased FTO copy number and obesity. Our review suggests that duplication of the FTO gene does not necessarily result in obesity.
Low temperature poly-silicon thin film transistor flexible sensing circuit (2016)

An analog circuit on a flexible substrate is demonstrated for integration with charge sensitive chemical and biochemical sensors. A preamplifier circuit based on low temperature poly-Si thin film transistors (LTPS TFT) for integration with an extended gate ion sensitive field effect transistor (EG-ISFET) has been realized on a flexible polyimide substrate. This circuit, where sensors and preamplifiers are integrated on the same die, is intended for bio-sensing and wearable applications where the flexibility has an advantage.
SU‐GG‐J‐125: Marker‐Based Strategies for Predictive, On‐Line Monitoring of Dynamic Treatments with MV Projection Images (2008)

Purpose: Given the need to dose escalate under high precision, hypo‐fractionated RT for certain anatomic targets, especially those where respiratory motion is important, requires better capabilities for real‐time treatment monitoring. At present, CBCT‐based systems, such as Synergy (Elekta) and Trilogy (Varian) tend to rely on a single daily, pre‐treatment volumetric snapshot. Here, we describe a general system of real‐time treatment verification using radiographic markers and kV and MV cine/flouro that can be applied to both static and dynamic (IMRT; arc‐based) therapies on CBCT IGRT systems. Method and Materials: A set of mock‐treatment datasets were recorded from simultaneous MV and kV cine/flouro imaging under varied treatment scenarios using an experimental Synergy system (Elekta Inc., Crawley, UK). We employ a commercially available programmable motion phantom (Modus Medical Devices, Inc.) modified to accommodate an arbitrary arrangement of metallic markers and to simulate patient respiration. The radiographic markers are identified on a baseline CT dataset (simulation or pre‐treatment CBCT) and a 3D tolerance ROI is constructed for each marker. This ROI is then projected onto the MV imaging plane and is superimposed on the current MV image. This mask is also used to refine the automated marker tracking algorithm. Results: Development work is ongoing, supported by the aforementioned phantom measurements. Patient treatment data will be used to refine the software tools and demonstrate the clinical feasibility of this method. Dynamic‐MLC fields pose an interesting challenge. A “predictive” technique is employed whereby the tracking algorithm has a priori knowledge of field shapes and “expected” marker positions at given segments or gantry angles. Conclusion: This marker‐tracking technique can be applied to any static beam or arc‐based intensity‐modulated delivery and can be employed with the standard equipment available on most modern linear accelerators.
Discovery of New Catalytic Topoisomerase II Inhibitors for Anticancer Therapeutics (2021)

Poison inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) are clinically used drugs that cause cancer cell death by inducing DNA damage, which mechanism of action is also associated with serious side effects such as secondary malignancy and cardiotoxicity. In contrast, TOP2 catalytic inhibitors induce limited DNA damage, have low cytotoxicity, and are effective in suppressing cancer cell proliferation. They have been sought after to be prospective anticancer therapies. Herein the discovery of new TOP2 catalytic inhibitors is described. A new druggable pocket of TOP2 protein at its DNA binding domain was used as a docking site to virtually screen ~6 million molecules from the ZINC15 library. The lead compound, T60, was characterized to be a catalytic TOP2 inhibitor that binds TOP2 protein and disrupts TOP2 from interacting with DNA, resulting in no DNA cleavage. It has low cytotoxicity, but strongly inhibits cancer cell proliferation and xenograft growth. T60 also inhibits androgen receptor activity and prostate cancer cell growth. These results indicate that T60 is a promising candidate compound that can be further developed into new anticancer drugs.
Magnetic Emission Mapping for Passive Integrated Components Characterisation (2003)

Abstract We developed a system and a method to characterize the magnetic field induced by circuit board and electronic component, especially integrated inductor, with magnetic sensors. The different magnetic sensors are presented and several applications using this method are discussed. Particularly, in several semiconductor applications (e.g. Mobile phone), active dies are integrated with passive components. To minimize magnetic disturbance, arbitrary margin distances are used. We present a system to characterize precisely the magnetic emission to insure that the margin is sufficient and to reduce the size of the printed circuit board.
Double‐reference cross‐correlation algorithm for separation of the arteries and veins from 3D MRA time series (2008)

Abstract Purpose To present a novel postprocessing technique for artery/vein separation and background suppression from contrast‐enhanced time‐resolved magnetic resonance angiography datasets in order to improve the diagnosis of vessel pathologies and arteriovenous fistulas. Materials and Methods Ten normal, two pathologic datasets of the brain, and one hand angiography dataset were postprocessed. Cross‐correlation maps between the signal time course of every voxel in the dataset and selected arterial and venous references regions of interest (ROIs) were obtained; these maps were subsequently nonlinearly transformed to obtain two indices representing the likelihood of a voxel belonging to a vessel category. Red‐green‐blue (RGB) color encoding was utilized to depict synthetic arteriogram and venogram images in a single diagnostically meaningful image. Results The technique enabled correct visual separation of vessels on various datasets, as evaluated by two expert neuroradiologists, and also highlighted characteristics of flow in arteriovenous fistulas. A quantitative comparison with existing techniques showed better separation performance on 3 out of 10 normal datasets and higher stability to acquisition characteristics and contrast agent bolus dispersion. Conclusion This method can be helpful in the diagnosis of vascular diseases in subjects where bolus dispersion makes it difficult to discriminate between arteries and veins with standard methods (subtraction or correlation analysis). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:646–654. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF Mn:BST AND PST THIN-FILMS (2005)

ABSTRACT In this study, we characterized nano-structured Mn doped BST thin-films fabricated using a pulsed laser deposition process at the University of Houston, and PST thin-films fabricated using MOCVD at the Arizona State University. Coplanar waveguide test structures were used for experimental evaluation of the dielectric properties of the BST and PST thin-films fabricated on MgO and saphire substrates respectively. The test structures were fabricated on bare substrates as well as on the thin-film test samples for determination of attenuation and phase constants with and without the ferroelectric thin-films. The ϵfilm for the Mn:BST film was approximately 1200 over the frequency range of 15–30 GHz with the loss-tangent averaging to 0.033. The PST thin-film on sapphire substrate had a zero-bias relative dielectric constant of 200 and the loss-tangent was estimated to be 0.05 over the measured frequency range of 10 to 18 GHz.
Instrumentation and Empirical Assessment of Post-Buckling Response in Grid-Stiffened Structures (2002)

Developments in fiber-placement and trapped rubber consolidation have allowed the costeffective fabrication of composite grid-stiffened structures as an alternative to cored sandwich structures. The behavior of these structures under compressive load is such that skin pocket buckling can occur early and buckling of stiffening ribs will occur when the panel fails. To quantify the buckling behavior and to verify predictive models a means of measuring out-of-plane displacements on test panels is needed. The Boeing Video Measurement System is described with an explanation of how it was used to characterize the buckling behavior of test panels for the Minotaur fairing. The results provided a history of panel displacements that was used to verify analysis models and provide insight into the failure modes and sequences for this type of panel.
Autonomously Navigating a Surgical Tool Inside the Eye by Learning from Demonstration (2020)

A fundamental challenge in retinal surgery is safely navigating a surgical tool to a desired goal position on the retinal surface while avoiding damage to surrounding tissues, a procedure that typically requires tens-of-microns accuracy. In practice, the surgeon relies on depth-estimation skills to localize the tool-tip with respect to the retina in order to perform the tool-navigation task, which can be prone to human error. To alleviate such uncertainty, prior work has introduced ways to assist the surgeon by estimating the tool-tip distance to the retina and providing haptic or auditory feedback. However, automating the tool-navigation task itself remains unsolved and largely unexplored. Such a capability, if reliably automated, could serve as a building block to streamline complex procedures and reduce the chance for tissue damage. Towards this end, we propose to automate the tool-navigation task by learning to mimic expert demonstrations of the task. Specifically, a deep network is trained to imitate expert trajectories toward various locations on the retina based on recorded visual servoing to a given goal specified by the user. The proposed autonomous navigation system is evaluated in simulation and in physical experiments using a silicone eye phantom. We show that the network can reliably navigate a needle surgical tool to various desired locations within 137 <i>μm</i> accuracy in physical experiments and 94 <i>μm</i> in simulation on average, and generalizes well to unseen situations such as in the presence of auxiliary surgical tools, variable eye backgrounds, and brightness conditions.
Maschinelles Lernen zur Unterstützung der klinische Entscheidungsfindung in der Viszeralchirurgie - Ein systematischer Review (2021)

Einleitung Zwecks Indikationsstellung müssen Risiken und Nutzen einer Operation gegeneinander abgewogen werden. Entscheidungen basieren häufig auf klinischen Erfahrungswerten, da die für Leitlinien verfügbare Evidenz oft gering ist. Diverse Fachbereiche der Medizin profitieren bereits von machine learning (ML) Anwendungen und erste Arbeiten suggerieren vielversprechende Möglichkeiten in der Viszeralchirurgie.
Specific Antibody Can Prevent Fungal Biofilm Formation and This Effect Correlates with Protective Efficacy (2005)

One of the most troublesome medical problems today is infection of prosthetic devices with organisms that form polysaccharide biofilms. This combined with increasing antimicrobial drug resistance is making many infectious diseases incurable. Cryptococcus neoformans is a human-pathogenic fungus that has a polysaccharide capsule and can form biofilms in prosthetic medical devices. We developed a system to study cryptococcal biofilm formation in vitro and studied the effect of antibody to the C. neoformans capsular polysaccharide on this process. C. neoformans biofilm formation was dependent on the presence of a polysaccharide capsule and correlated with the ability of capsular polysaccharide to bind the polystyrene solid support. Protective antibodies prevented biofilm formation whereas nonprotective antibodies were not effective. The mechanism of antibody action involved interference with capsular polysaccharide release from the fungal cell. In contrast, lactoferrin, an effector molecule of innate immune mechanisms, was unable to prevent fungal biofilm formation despite its efficacy against bacterial biofilms. Our results suggest a new role of adaptive humoral immunity whereby some antibodies can inhibit biofilm formation by encapsulated organisms. Vaccines that elicit antibody responses to capsular antigens and/or passive transfer of antibodies to microbial polysaccharides may be useful in preventing biofilm formation.
Finite time recovery in decision feedback equalization for time varying channels (2002)

This paper provides sufficient conditions under which a perfect Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) system (i.e. when channel is perfectly known) recovers from initial errors in finite time. It also provides an upper bound on the time at which error recovery is achieved.
Erratum to: Impact of similarity threshold on the topology of molecular similarity networks and clustering outcomes (2016)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0127-5.].
Session 24 overview: Ultra-efficient computing: Application-inspired and analog-assisted digital (2016)

The next wave of pervasive computing imposes stringent energy and performance constraints that cannot be met by today's approaches. The circuits in this session use a broad spectrum of design techniques to overcome this challenge. They span a wide range of application domains, from vision assists to machine learning and data analytics. For such applications, new analog-assisted digital techniques enable compact kernel implementations that trade output accuracy for high efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxylation of Phenol with Hydrogen Peroxide on EUROTS‐1 Catalysts. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.