gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Buffer Asymptotics for Coding Over Networks (2010)

Traditionally, network buffer resources have been used at routers to queue transient packets to prevent packet drops. In contrast, we propose a scheme for large multihop networks where intermediate routers have no buffers for queueing transient packets. In the proposed scheme, network storage resources (memory) are used only at source and destination nodes to encode/decode packets using random linear coding over time. Our scheme capitalizes on the common empirical observation that for large networks with many flows through each router, if packet loss occurs in a flow path, it will very likely occur only at only a very few links on the path. Unfortunately, the location of this congested link varies with time, thereby preventing prevailing static buffer allocation strategies from exploiting this observation. We propose source coding over packets at the session layer as a means of “sharing” memory across links along a flow path. We call this spatial buffer multiplexing-where buffering and coding implemented at the source compensates for packet loss at any downstream bufferless link. First, we consider large spatial multihop networks with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> nodes (each with finite buffer space for coding/decoding) and Θ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> ) flows; the number of flows through each link scales as Ω( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</sup> ) for some α ∈ (0,1). Using many-sources large deviations analysis, we show that to obtain comparable packet drop probabilities (QoS), spatial buffer multiplexing provides an order-wise buffer gain of Ω( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</sup> ) per node over traditional static buffer allocation for queueing. Next we consider the complementary case of a network with a small number of flows through a buffer, but large source buffer. Here, we provide a sufficient condition under which the packet loss probability decreases exponentially in a function that is linear in the size of the input buffer, where the function is required to meet a predetermined negative slope -δ. We express the loss effective bandwidth for coding and compare it against that for queueing.
Free amino acids analysis by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in several botanicals with antioxidant character (2015)

A novel method based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of 19 amino acids in plant materials is described. For the analysis, the plant material is extracted with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid with internal standards present in the extraction solution. The filtered extracts are injected using no clean-up into the liquid chromatographic system coupled with a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source. The analytes are separated using ion pair chromatography on a reversed-phase column. The detection is performed in multiple-reaction monitoring positive-ion mode. Quantitation is obtained using calibrations. The validated procedure has been applied for the analysis of amino acids in 18 samples of plant material including botanicals with antioxidant character. The analysis requires 16 min separation time, has excellent precision and accuracy allowing amino acid analysis in a wide range of concentrations.
Holographic Data Storage using Thick Bacteriorhodopsin Recording Materials (1996)

Current holographic data-storage (HDS) technologies have not been commercially developed due in part to the lack of an optical-recording material with appropriate characteristics. The ideal optical-recording material would have high resolution, high sensitivity (for both recording and erasure), high photochemical and thermal stability, optical erasability, permanent storage capability, and read-without-erasure capability (Sincerbox, 1995).
Blue Semiconductor Lasers. ZnSe-Based Surface-Emitting Laser. (1997)

Blue vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have experienced much progress recently. An electrically pumped ZnSe-based blue VCSEL with a SiO2/TiO2 dielectric multilayer mirror has been demonstrated. Electrically pumped lasing was achieved at 77K with a threshold current of 3mA. A low far-field radiation angle of 7°was observed above the threshold in a 10μm-diameter device, which indicates the spatial coherence expected for lasing.
Envelope residue 375 substitutions in simian–human immunodeficiency viruses enhance CD4 binding and replication in rhesus macaques (2016)

Most simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) bearing envelope (Env) glycoproteins from primary HIV-1 strains fail to infect rhesus macaques (RMs). We hypothesized that inefficient Env binding to rhesus CD4 (rhCD4) limits virus entry and replication and could be enhanced by substituting naturally occurring simian immunodeficiency virus Env residues at position 375, which resides at a critical location in the CD4-binding pocket and is under strong positive evolutionary pressure across the broad spectrum of primate lentiviruses. SHIVs containing primary or transmitted/founder HIV-1 subtype A, B, C, or D Envs with genotypic variants at residue 375 were constructed and analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Bulky hydrophobic or basic amino acids substituted for serine-375 enhanced Env affinity for rhCD4, virus entry into cells bearing rhCD4, and virus replication in primary rhCD4 T cells without appreciably affecting antigenicity or antibody-mediated neutralization sensitivity. Twenty-four RMs inoculated with subtype A, B, C, or D SHIVs all became productively infected with different Env375 variants-S, M, Y, H, W, or F-that were differentially selected in different Env backbones. Notably, SHIVs replicated persistently at titers comparable to HIV-1 in humans and elicited autologous neutralizing antibody responses typical of HIV-1. Seven animals succumbed to AIDS. These findings identify Env-rhCD4 binding as a critical determinant for productive SHIV infection in RMs and validate a novel and generalizable strategy for constructing SHIVs with Env glycoproteins of interest, including those that in humans elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies or bind particular Ig germ-line B-cell receptors.
Technical Note: Time‐gating to medical linear accelerator pulses: Stray radiation detector (2018)

The remote detector provides untethered synchronization to linac pulses. It is especially useful for remote Cherenkov imaging or remote scintillator dosimetry imaging during radiotherapeutic procedures when a direct line signal is not accessible.
Measurement of the dynamics of nonlinear refraction and absorption via nonlinear beam deflection (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Many materials exhibit nonlinear refraction (NLR) and absorption (NLA) that has multifaceted temporal dynamics. As a result, measurements at one laser pulse width may not be fully predictive of the behavior at other pulse widths. We have recently developed a method, Nonlinear Beam Deflection, (BD) that allows sensitive time-resolved measurement of nonlinear refraction (NLR) and absorption (NLA) by using an excitation beam to create an index gradient deflecting a probe beam onto a quad-cell detector. The method has a demonstrated sensitivity to induced phase changes as small as 1/20,000 of a wavelength, which is sensitive enough to measure NLR in gases. By changing the relative polarization of the beams we can separate the bound-electronic response from the slower and different-symmetry nuclear contributions. In gases and liquids where reorientational nonlinearities are important, measurements at the magic angle allow isolation of the ultrafast nonlinearities. In isotropic solids the bound-electronic symmetry dictates a ratio of 1/3 for parallel to perpendicular polarizations which measurements confirm. This method also allows for measurements of nonlinearities using very different wavelengths for the excitation and probe. We have used this method to characterize the impulse response function for third-order nonlinearities in many transparent organic solvents. This allows accurate prediction of the nonlinear refraction for any pulse width longer than that used for the BD characterization. The method proves to be very useful in organic materials that may show strong nonlinear absorption, as it is able to resolve NLR in the presence of strong NLA better than other methods, such as Z-scan.
Improving wireless sensor networks performance through epidemic model (2019)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) encounter a critical challenge of ‘Network Security’ due to extreme operational constraints. The origin of the challenge begins with the entry of worms in the wireless network. Just one infected node is enough to spread the worms across the entire network. The infected node rapidly infects the neighbouring nodes in an unstoppable manner. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed based on epidemic theory. It is an improvement of the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) and Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Susceptible (SEIS) model. We propose Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible (SEIRS) model that overcomes the drawbacks of existing models. The proposed ameliorated model includes a finite communication radius and the associated node density. We obtain basic reproduction number which determines the local and global propagation dynamics of worm in the WSNs. Also, we deduce expression for threshold for node density and communication radius. We investigated the control mechanism against worm propagation. We compare the proposed model with various existing models and evaluate its performance on the basis of various performance metrics. The study confirms melioration in the vital aspects (security, network reliability, transmission efficiency, energy efficiency) for WSNs. The proposed SEIRS model provides an improved technique to restraint worms’ transmission in comparison to the existing models.
Study of Adequacy of Commercial Truck Parking Facilities - Technical Report (2002)

This report documents the findings of a study to investigate the adequacy of commercial truck parking facilities serving the National Highway System (NHS). The study involved: 1) a national assessment of the extent and geographic distribution of parking shortages, 2) research to clarify drivers' parking-related needs and decision-making, and 3) development of a technical guidance document to be used by partnerships of public- and private-sector stakeholders in 49 States (excluding Hawaii) for inventorying current facilities serving the NHS, analyzing current and projected shortages in commercial truck parking at public rest areas and commercial truck stops and travel plazas, and developing plans for action at the appropriate jurisdictional levels. The process involved: 1) the development of an inventory of public and commercial truck spaces serving the NHS, 2) development, calibration, and application of a truck parking demand model, 3) a national survey of truck drivers to determine how drivers plan for and address their parking needs, how truck drivers select when, where, and at which facilities they park, and what truck drivers think of the adequacy of current parking facilities, 4) an estimate of parking demand using a modeling approach, 5) identification of parking deficiencies at the State and corridor level by comparing supply and demand, and 6) identification of improvements that were recommended by State partnerships to mitigate any existing or future problems identified.
Endovascular brain intervention and mapping in a dog experimental model using magnetically-guided micro-catheter technology (2012)

This is the first study demonstrating successful use of a new micro-catheter in combination with NIOBE II technology for endovascular intervention in the brain.
P‐146: Fluorene‐Based Deep Blue Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes (2005)

Abstract We developed the new polymers, SKB1 and SKB2, exhibiting deep‐blue emission (CIE: x=0.145–0.148, y=0.093–0.135). The device using SKB1 demonstrated the current efficiency of 3.11 cd/A at 6.6V with 3,251 cd/m 2 , and then the CIE coordinate of the emission was x=0.147 and y=0.123. The SKB2 device showed the current efficiency of 3.70 cd/A at 6.6V with 2,930 cd/m 2 , and then the CIE coordinate of the emission was x=0.148 and y=0.135.
Hadamard‐Transformations‐Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie: gesteigerte Signalintensität bei gleicher Messzeit (2003)

Abstract Die Hadamard‐Transformations‐Flugzeit(HT‐TOF)‐Massenspektrometrie ist eine massenspektrometrische Methode, die kontinuierlich strahlende Ionenquellen mit der Puls‐Technik von Flugzeitmessungen kombiniert. Anders als die konventionelle TOF‐Massenspektrometrie hat die Hadamard‐Transformations‐Methode einen Auslastungszyklus von 50 % mit der Möglichkeit zur Erweiterung auf 100 %. Da es sich um ein Multiplex‐Verfahren handelt, ist das erreichbare Signal‐Rausch‐Verhältnis bedeutend höher als bei der konventionellen TOF‐Massenspektrometrie. Der vorliegende Kurzaufsatz stellt die grundlegenden Prinzipien der HT‐TOF‐Massenspektrometrie, des hohen Auslastungszyklus und des Signal‐Rausch‐Verhältnisses vor. Diese Vorteile eröffnen eine Spektrenaufnahmegeschwindigkeit, die schneller ist als die von vergleichbaren Geräten: Detektoren für Hochgeschwindigkeits‐Trennungen sind somit in greifbare Nähe gerückt.
High Efficiencies, Low Noise, and Suppression of Photochromic Effects in Bleached Silver Halide Holography (1970)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Lehmann, J. P. Lauer, and J. W. Goodman, "High Efficiencies, Low Noise, and Suppression of Photochromic Effects in Bleached Silver Halide Holography," Appl. Opt. 9, 1948-1949 (1970) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Neural Adaptive Loop Filtering for Video Coding: Exploring Multi-Hypothesis Sample Refinement (2023)

Adaptive loop filtering (ALF) is extensively investigated for lossy video coding to mitigate compression noise. Numerous learning-based ALFs have emerged recently and improved the coding efficiency significantly through the use of complexity-intensive, large-scale models trained on excessive samples, making it impractical for real-life applications. By contrast, lightweight, small-scale ALF models cannot promise convincing performance and model generalization. In principle, the ALF estimates the sample distortion for restoration. Instead of directly approximating the distortion as in existing solutions, we reformulate it as a Multi-hypothesis Sample Refinement (MSR) problem. To this end, we first generate multiple distortion hypotheses through a deep neural network (DNN) model. Then, these hypotheses are linearly superimposed to approximate the final distortion through the minimization of mean square error (MMSE) between the filtered reconstruction and its original, uncompressed input. Finally, the linear superimposition coefficients are explicitly signaled in the compressed bitstream. As seen, the superimposition coefficients inherently generalize the MSR to various content. And using DNNs to generate distortion hypotheses essentially models the spatial priors of a local block and its underlying compression error distribution. As a result, the MSR using a small-scale convolutional neural network (CNN) model with only 5k parameters and 5 KMACs/pixel achieves 4.35% (Intra) and 2.49% (Inter) BD-Rate (Bjøntegaard Delta Rate) gains over the AV1 anchor. Ablation studies further demonstrate that the MSR can be generalized to diverse small-scale network structures, different standards (e.g., H.265/HEVC and H.266/VVC), and diverse video content (e.g., screen videos).
Biaxial Molecular Arrangement of Rod−Disc Molecule under an Electric Field (2007)

We developed rod−disc liquid crystalline molecules consisting of six calamitic mesogens and one discotic mesogen, which exhibit a biaxial nematic phase. In this ordered nematic phase, rodlike mesogens and disclike mesogens are completely mixed and intercalated.
Crash Test Software Analysis (2002)

The development of highly advanced computer simulation software packages has enabled design engineers to more effectively integrate safety features into their designs. Designs can be tested long before any physical construction ever begins. This saves money, allowing more extensive testing to be performed, and it also saves time, expediting the process of moving concept to reality. In the automotive industry, such software can be especially useful, since computer simulations can be run over and over again, making it possible to observe the effects of adjusting single variables in dynamic situations. This has opened the door for testing of non-typical occupants. Restraints and safety devices are no longer designed to suit the needs of the average person; they can be tailored to account for all body types, or even for the disabled.
Spinal Deformity Correction in Marfan Syndrome Versus Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2012)

Patients with Marfan syndrome differ in several ways from those with AIS: they require more levels of surgical correction, more distal fusion, greater correction of sagittal balance, and more reoperations, and they have more intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks and instrumentation-related complications. Knowledge of these differences is important for planning surgery.
Bandwidth reservation in mobile cellular networks using ITS navigation systems (2003)

We demonstrate how to utilize the path information available from ITS navigation systems for bandwidth reservation for hand-off and admission control of new connections in mobile cellular networks. By utilizing the path information, we modify the recently proposed bandwidth reservation and admission control scheme with a design goal to keep the hand-off dropping probability below a pre-specified target. While the original scheme utilized a history-based mobility estimation, the modified scheme eases only part of it. Since both the original and modified schemes meet the design goal, the problem is to determine which of the two can admit more new connections for a given traffic condition. Using simulations, the modified scheme aided by the-navigation system is shown to outperform the original scheme even with much less computational requirement.
Revealing 29 sets of independently modulated genes in Staphylococcus aureus , their regulators and role in key physiological responses (2020)

Abstract The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to infect many different tissue sites is enabled, in part, by its Transcriptional Regulatory Network (TRN) that coordinates its gene expression to respond to different environments. We elucidated the organization and activity of this TRN by applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to a compendium of 108 RNAseq expression profiles from two S. aureus clinical strains (TCH1516 and LAC). ICA decomposed the S. aureus transcriptome into 29 independently modulated sets of genes (i-modulons) that revealed (1) high confidence associations between 21 i-modulons and known regulators; (2) an association between an i-modulon and σS, whose regulatory role was previously undefined; (3) the regulatory organization of 65 virulence factors in the form of three i-modulons associated with AgrR, SaeR and Vim-3, (4) the roles of three key transcription factors (codY, Fur and ccpA) in coordinating the metabolic and regulatory networks; and (5) a low dimensional representation, involving the function of few transcription factors, of changes in gene expression between two laboratory media (RPMI, CAMHB) and two physiological media (blood and serum). This representation of the TRN covers 842 genes representing 76% of the variance in gene expression that provides a quantitative reconstruction of transcriptional modules in S. aureus , and a platform enabling its full elucidation. Significance Statement Staphylococcus aureus infections impose an immense burden on the healthcare system. To establish a successful infection in a hostile host environment, S. aureus must coordinate its gene expression to respond to a wide array of challenges. This balancing act is largely orchestrated by the Transcriptional Regulatory Network (TRN). Here, we present a model of 29 independently modulated sets of genes that form the basis for a segment of the TRN in clinical USA300 strains of S. aureus . Using this model, we demonstrate the concerted role of various cellular systems (e.g. metabolism, virulence and stress response) underlying key physiological responses, including response during blood infection.
Modelisation d'antennes imprimees multicouches a plusieurs gravures de formes quelconques (1991)

Cette these decrit l'analyse d'antennes microrubans multicouches a plusieurs gravures de formes quelconques. Plusieurs types d'alimentations sont etudies comme l'alimentation par couplage electromagnetique ou par excitation coaxiale. Elles peuvent egalement etre connectees a des trous metallises. La methode d'analyse est celle des equations integrales. Les fonctions de green 3d des structures multicouches sont calculees. Une methode de moment est developpee, avec l'introduction d'un mode d'attache exprimant la conservation des courants a la jonction des conducteurs horizontaux et verticaux. On peut alors extraire certaines caracteristiques radioelectriques des antennes microrubans comme l'impedance d'entree et le champ rayonne. Des etudes parametriques sont alors menees sur plusieurs structures d'antennes dont certaines sont originales. Des interpretations physiques des phenomenes sont proposees. Afin d'envisager la synthese d'une antenne dans le cadre d'une c. A. O. Simple, une procedure est proposee et conduit a l'elaboration de tables multidimensionnelles qui seront inserees dans des simulateurs commerciaux de circuits microondes
Burden of Influenza in Less Than 5-Year-Old Children Admitted to Hospital with Pneumonia in Developing and Emerging Countries: A Descriptive, Multicenter Study (2018)

This descriptive 4-year study reports the proportion of detection of influenza viruses in less than 5-year-old children hospitalized for pneumonia in eight developing and emerging countries and describes clinical and microbiological characteristics of influenza-related pneumonia cases. Hospitalized children presenting radiologically confirmed pneumonia aged 2-60 months were prospectively enrolled in this observational standardized study. Mean proportion of isolated influenza virus was 9.7% (95% confidence interval: 7.9-11.8%) among 888 pneumonia children analyzed, with moderate heterogeneity between countries-ranging from 6.2% in Cambodia to 18.8% in Haiti. The clinical characteristics of children with influenza-related pneumonia were not substantially different from those of other pneumonia cases. Influenza A H1N1-related pneumonia cases appeared as more severe than pneumonia cases related to other strains of influenza. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> was detected more often in blood samples from influenza-related cases than in those without detected influenza viruses (19.7% versus 9.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.018). Influenza-related pneumonia is frequent among children less than 5 years old with pneumonia, living in developing and emerging countries. Influenza might be a frequent etiologic agent responsible for pneumonia or a predisposing status factor for pneumococcal-related pneumonia in this population.