gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent-Free Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Amorphous and Crystalline ortho-Terphenyl (2013)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of amorphous and crystalline ortho-terphenyl (OTP) in the absence of glass forming agents is presented in order to gauge the feasibility of applying DNP to pharmaceutical solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and to study the effect of intermolecular structure, or lack thereof, on the DNP enhancement. By way of [superscript 1]H–[superscript 13]C cross-polarization, we obtained a DNP enhancement (ε) of 58 for 95% deuterated OTP in the amorphous state using the biradical bis-TEMPO terephthalate (bTtereph) and ε of 36 in the crystalline state. Measurements of the [superscript 1]H T[subscript 1] and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments showed the crystallization process led to phase separation of the polarization agent, creating an inhomogeneous distribution of radicals within the sample. Consequently, the effective radical concentration was decreased in the bulk OTP phase, and long-range [superscript 1]H–[superscript 1]H spin diffusion was the main polarization propagation mechanism. Preliminary DNP experiments with the glass-forming anti-inflammation drug, indomethacin, showed promising results, and further studies are underway to prepare DNP samples using pharmaceutical techniques.
Polyimides That Contain Cyclobutene-3,4-Dione Moieties (1995)

Linear aromatic polyimides containing cyclobutene-3,4,-dione moieties synthesized in experiments. Polymers exhibit high thermal and thermo-oxidative stabilities, making them useful in structural components exposed to hot and/or oxidative environments, as in jet engines and on outer surfaces of supersonic aircraft. Electrons in cyclobutene-3,4-dione moieties readily excited to states of higher energy upon exposure to ultraviolet light, giving rise to electronic properties with potential utility in photovoltaic, photoconductive, and/or photoemissive devices.
Low and high affinity cellular receptors for interleukin 2. Implications for the level of Tac antigen. (1984)

Interleukin 2 promotes proliferation of T cells by virtue of its interaction with a high-affinity cell surface receptor. This receptor is a 55,000 mol wt glycoprotein that is also recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody, anti-Tac. Quantitative binding studies with radiolabeled IL-2 and anti-Tac, however, initially indicated far more antibody binding sites per cell than IL-2 binding sites. Extension of the IL-2 binding analysis to concentrations several thousand-fold higher than that necessary for the T cell proliferative response demonstrated the existence of a class (or classes) of low-affinity IL-2 binding sites. Inclusion of the low-affinity IL-2 binding greatly reduced the quantitative discrepancy in the ligand binding assays. That the low-affinity binding, as well as the high-affinity interaction, was associated with the Tac molecule was indicated by the finding that the antibody could substantially or totally block the entire spectrum of IL-2 binding and by the finding that IL-2 could in turn block all radiolabeled anti-Tac binding. The low-affinity sites were found on activated T cells, several human and murine T cell lines and two examples of Tac-positive B cells. The physiological role of the low-affinity IL-2 binding sites and the molecular changes in the Tac protein that give rise to the affinity differences remain open to investigation.
Differential association modes of the thrombin receptor PAR 1 with Gαil, Gα12, and β‐arrestin 1 (2010)

Although many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to activate multiple signaling pathways by coupling to different types of G proteins or by promoting G protein-independent events, how this occurs remains unclear. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we provide evidence for protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR(1)) forming preassembled complexes with Galphai1 but not Galpha12. PAR(1) activation appears to rapidly induce transient Galphai1 activation (t(1/2) = 4.13 s) but late and stable recruitment of Galpha12 (t(1/2) = 8.8 min) in parallel with beta-arrestin 1 (t(1/2) = 7.5 min). However, there is no significant difference in the potency of the agonist-dependent response between Galphai1, Galpha12, and beta-arrestin 1 (EC(50) values 0.48, 0.30, and 0.15 nM, respectively). Although it seems beta-arrestin 1 is recruited to preassembled PAR(1)-Galphai1 complexes, this appears unlikely with Galpha12, suggesting 2 distinct receptor populations. Of note, we observed a different Galpha12 association mode with other GPCRs, indicating that preassembly and association dynamics may be specific properties of a receptor-G protein pair. Furthermore, the Galpha C terminus appears to play different roles in the distinct association modes. Consequently, G protein preassembly or recruitment may constitute novel mechanisms for controlling the kinetics and multitude of GPCR signaling pathways.
<title>Review of flat panel display programs and defense applications</title> (1997)

Flat panel display research has comprised a substantial portion of the national investment in new technology for economic and national security for the past nine years. These investments have ben made principally via several Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) programs, known collectively as the continuing High Definition Systems Program, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense Production Act Title III Program. Using input from the Army, Navy, and Air Force to focus research and identify insertion opportunities, DARPA and the Title III Program Office have made investments to develop the national technology base and manufacturing infrastructure necessary to meet the twin challenge of providing affordable displays in current systems and enabling the DoD strategy of winning future conflicts by getting more information to all participants during the battle. These research programs are reviewed and opportunities for applications are described. Future technology development, transfer, and transition requirements are identified. Strategy and vision are documented to assist the identification of areas meriting further consideration.
Transport Phenomena in Polymer Processing (2010)

No AccessUnderstanding Polymer ProcessingOct 2010Transport Phenomena in Polymer ProcessingTim A. OsswaldTim A. Osswaldhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446446038.008SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2010Pages: 165-206Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42404-3eISBN: 978-3-446-44603-8 Copyright & Permissions© 2011 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
A unique mineralizing pool of Gli1+ stem cells builds the tendon enthesis and demonstrates therapeutic potential (2022)

Summary The enthesis, a fibrocartilaginous transition between tendon and bone, is necessary for the transfer of force from muscle to bone to produce joint motion. The enthesis is prone to injury due to mechanical demands, and it cannot regenerate. A better understanding of how the enthesis develops will lead to more effective therapies to prevent pathology and promote regeneration. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to define the development transcriptome of the entheses over postnatal stages. Six resident cell types, including enthesis progenitors and mineralizing chondrocytes, were identified along with their transcription factor regulons and temporal regulation. Following our prior discovery of the necessity of Gli1-lineage cells for enthesis development and healing, we then examined their transcriptomes at single cell resolution and demonstrated their clonogenicity and multipotency. Transplantation of these Gli1- lineage cells to enthesis injuries improved healing, demonstrating their therapeutic potential for enthesis regeneration. Highlights The transcriptome and differentiation trajectory of enthesis stem cells during postnatal development are defined at single cell resolution. Transcription factor regulons drive enthesis stem cell differentiation. Gli1-lineage enthesis stem cells demonstrate in vivo and in vitro clonogenicity and multipotency. Transplantation of Gli1-lineage enthesis stem cells to enthesis injuries improves healing.
A Method for Assessing the Microvasculature in a Murine Tumor Model Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography (2008)

A method producing high-resolution volumetric assessments of tumor vascularity in a preclinical model of breast cancer is shown that correlates with other ultrasonographic measures of blood flow, which may provide greater sensitivity to the microvasculature.
ST Elevation: Telling Pathology from the Benign Patterns (2012)

Benefits of early reperfusion in patients presenting with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are well known. The American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association guidelines recommend triage decisions are made within 10 minutes of performing initial electrocardiogram (ECG). Since many patients presenting with ischemic symptoms may have ST elevation (STE) at baseline, not all STE signify transmural ischemia. Benign patterns can be easy to find in some cases. However, patients with benign STE at baseline (left ventricular hypertrophy, early repolarization pattern) may have ongoing ischemia and present with Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or even STEMI superimposed on the benign pattern. The ability of clinicians to distinguish between ischemic and non ischemic STE varies widely and is affected by prevalence of such changes in patient population. More studies need to be done to delineate the criteria to clearly distinguish between ischemic and non ischemic ST elevation.
Scoring Method for Assessing Rate Adaptive Pacemakers: Application to Two Different Activity Sensors (1998)

To optimize programming of rate adaptive pacemakers (RAPs), we explored a new mathematical method to assess the performance of RAPs during daily-life tests, using customized Windows-based software. By stepwise discriminant analysis and linear regression, this method allows calculation of the acceleration and deceleration capacity of pacemakers and their general behavior during effort and recovery phases. Twenty-three patients (10 females and 13 males; 68 +/- 8 years) with chronic atrial fibrillation and a slow ventricular response were evaluated. They randomly received an accelerometer-controlled VVIR Dash Intermedics pacemaker (10 patients) or a vibration piezoelectric-controlled VVIR Sensolog III Siemens pacemaker (13 patients). All patients underwent the same test protocol: 6 minutes walking, 1.5 minutes climbing stairs, 1.5 minutes descending stairs, and 0.5 minutes sit-ups. By definition, the pacemaker responsiveness slope was programmed so that the heart rate response of paced patients during the walking test corresponded best to that of healthy controls. The slope was left unchanged for the other tests. We considered four scores: an acceleration score (EA score), an effort rate score (ER score), a deceleration score (RD score), and a recovery rate score (RR score). Scores ranged from -10 (hypochronotropic behavior of the pacemaker) to +10 (hyperchronotropic behavior), based on daily-life tests of 15 healthy controls (7 females and 8 males, 65 +/- 9 years). A score of 0 represented exact concordance with healthy controls. During stair descent, the Sensolog III produced excessive acceleration (EA score = +2.9 +/- 1.1) compared to: (1) stair climbing (EA score = -4.0 +/- 1.9; P = 0.01, with the same pacemakers); and (2) the Dash (+1.8 +/- 1.9; P = 0.04) and healthy controls (P = 0.02). The sit-up tests revealed a hypochronotropic response of both pacemakers compared to healthy controls, with a larger difference for the Sensolog III (EA score = -2.0 +/- 5.8; P = 0.04; RD score = -6.8 +/- 3.8' P = 0.02). We conclude that activity-driven pacemakers can accommodate brief activities, except for isovolumetric exercise such as sit-ups. During daily activities, accelerometer-driven pacemakers seem to provide a heart rate resoibse closer to that of healthy controls. Our new mathematical analysis is a simple and reproducible method for evaluating and quantifying the efficacy of any sensor-driven pacemaker.
‘Double asymmetric induction’ as a novel tool for high stereocontrol in Baylis–Hillman reaction (2004)

The strategy of double asymmetric induction was utilized in Baylis-Hillman reaction for the first time by the coupling of chiral aldehydes with chiral acrylate (1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose-3-acrylate) to obtain corresponding adducts with high syn diastereoselectivities (de >90%) in moderate to good yields.
Tailoring Properties of Carbon Nanotube Dispersions and Nanocomposites Using Temperature-Responsive Copolymers of Pyrene-Modified Poly(N-cyclopropylacrylamide) (2010)

Despite their immense potential, the ability to control the dispersion and microstructure of carbon nanotubes remains a hurdle for their widespread use. Stimuli-responsive polymers show conformational changes with an applied external stimulus (pH, temperature, light, etc.). The dispersion of carbon nanotubes by thermoresponsive polymers is shown to enable the macroscopic properties of aqueous suspensions to be tailored as a function of temperature. This work presents the synthesis, characterization, and use of temperature-responsive poly(N-cyclopropylacrylamide) (PNCPA) polymers containing 1, 3, and 5 mol % pyrene-bearing repeat units to tailor the dispersion state of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in water. Turbidity measurements show that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNCPA decreases with increasing pyrene content. Viscosity measurements on aqueous SWNT suspensions stabilized with pyrene-functionalized PNCPA show highly entangled and well-dispersed nanotube microstructure above and below the LCST of the polymer, respectively. UV−vis spectra also confirm that nanotube stabilization by these polymers is dependent upon the pyrene content. Drying of these suspensions produces composites whose microstructure and electrical conductivity vary with drying temperature and pyrene content of the stabilizing polymer. This temperature-dependent dispersion behavior has significant implications for the processing of carbon nanotubes and tailoring of composite properties. Such stimuli-controlled dispersion of carbon nanotubes could have a variety of applications in nanoelectronics, sensing, and drug and gene delivery systems.
Extended defects of ion-implanted GaAs (1991)

Ion-implantation-induced extended defect formation and annealing processes have been studied in GaAs. Mg, Be, Si, Ge, and Sn ions were implanted between 40 and 185 keV over the dose range of 1×1013–1×1015/cm2. Furnace annealing after capping with Si3N4 was performed between 700 and 900 °C for times between 5 min and 10 h. Plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy results were correlated with secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy profiles. The results indicate subthreshold (type-I) defect formation occurs at a dose of 1×1014/cm2 for high-energy, light (Mg, Be) ions but not for heavier ions (Si, Ge, Sn) at shallower projected ranges (&amp;lt;500 Å). Si and Ge implants at a dose of 1×1015/cm2 both show extended defect formation upon annealing that is believed to be precipitation related (type-V defects). For Si implants, these dislocation loops are eliminated after 10 h at 900 °C. Upon annealing 1×1015/cm2 Sn implants, unusual precipitate motion both toward the surface and into the crystal was observed. Type-II defects are observed but only in the as-implanted cross section. In addition, a layer of dislocation loops formed at a depth much greater than the type-II defect layer. These defects appear to be a new type of defect possibly related to either the different binary recoil distributions of Ga and As or differences in vacancy and interstitial diffusivities. It is shown that, with modifications to account for the binary nature of the target, the classification scheme developed for extended defects in silicon can be applied to implantation of gallium arsenide.
Minimally Invasive Resection of a High-Thoracic Intradural Extramedullary Tumor (2012)

Smith, Zachary A. MD*; Aoun, Salah G. MD*; Y. El Ahmadieh, Tarek MD*; Wong, Albert P. MD*; Lall, Rishi R. MD*; Bendok, Bernard B. MD*,‡; Fessler, Richard G. MD, PhD* Author Information
VRCommerce — electronic commerce in virtual reality (1999)

Existing technology and standards allow the creation of threedimensional, virtual-reality browsing experience. Such an interface may be more attractive and natural (at least to some). In particular, with the increase in electronic commerce, the creation of virtual reality stores and shopping malls seems of potential value. However, there are substantial challenges in the use of existing virtual reality tools to create any large space, in particular a store or a shopping mall. The main challenges are the substantial size of the representation of the space (communication and processing overhead), difficulties of navigation using typical UI devices, and support for interconnecting separately designed spaces (stores) into one continuous virtual space (mall). We present an approach to address these challenges, based on limiting the spaces to a modular collection of basic architectural elements such as rooms and hallways. We describe our implementation of virtual-reality, three-dimensional e-commerce, and the VR Commerce toolkit, implemented using standard VRML and Java.
Periodic Mesoporous Phenylenesilicas with Ether or Sulfide Hinge Groups — A New Class of PMOs with Ligand Channels. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Using MIMO linear control for load balancing in computing systems (2004)

Load balancing is widely used in computing systems as a way to optimize performance by equalizing loads to reduce delays, such as adjusting the size of memory pools to balance resource demands in a database management system. Load balancing is generally approached as a nonlinear constrained optimization in which dynamics are ignored. We approach load balancing differently - as a feedback controller design problem using a multiple input multiple output linear quadratic regulator (LQR) that achieves the constrained optimization objective. Such an approach allows us to exploit well-established techniques for handling disturbances (e.g., due to changes in workloads) and to incorporate the cost of control (e.g., throughput reductions due to resizing buffer pools) by properly selecting the LQR Q and R matrices. From studies of DB2 Universal Database Server using industry standard benchmarks, we show that the controller obtains a factor of three increases in throughput for an OLTP workload and a 59% reduction in response times for a DSS workload.
Minimizing matching network loss in output harmonic matched power amplifiers using harmonic load-pull measurement (2012)

This paper proposes a harmonic matching network with minimum loss based on precise harmonic load pull measurement to enhance the efficiency and gain for harmonic matched power amplifiers. In this method, the number of stubs for harmonic matching network was reduced in order to minimize the loss and increase the efficiency. A power amplifier with a GaN transistor at 2.45 GHz frequency was designed to test and validate the approach. The fabricated power amplifier showed an improvement of around 0.2 dB in the loss of the output matching network, which corresponds to an improvement of more than 3% in the power amplifier efficiency compared to a conventional harmonic matching network. This new matching topology allowed reaching 72.9% drain efficiency and 14.46 dB gain.
Towards Clinical Deployment of Automated Anatomical Regions-Of-Interest (2014)

The purpose of this work is to investigate, and improve, the feasibility of advanced Region Of Interest (ROI) selection schemes in clinical volume rendering. In particular, this work implements and evaluates an Automated Anatomical ROI (AA-ROI) approach based on the combination of automatic image registration (AIR) and Distance- Based Transfer Functions (DBTFs), designed for automatic selection of complex anatomical shapes without relying on prohibitive amounts of interaction. Domain knowledge and clinical experience has been included in the project through participation of practicing radiologists in all phases of the project. This has resulted in a set of requirements that are critical for Direct Volume Rendering applications to be utilized in clinical practice and a prototype AA-ROI implementation that was developed to addresses critical points in existing solutions. The feasibility of the developed approach was assessed through a study where five radiologists investigated three medical data sets with complex ROIs, using both traditional tools and the developed prototype software. Our analysis indicate that advanced, registration based ROI schemes could increase clinical efficiency in time-critical settings for cases with complex ROIs, but also that their clinical feasibility is conditional with respect to the radiologists trust in the registration process and its application to the data.
High-Throughput Multi-Source Cooperation via Complex-Field Network Coding (2011)

Physical-layer network coding over wireless networks can provide considerable throughput gains with respect to traditional cooperative relaying strategies at no loss of diversity gain. In this paper, a novel cooperation protocol is developed based on complex-field wireless network coding. Sources transmit efficiently information symbols linearly combined with symbols from other sources. Different from existing wireless network coding protocols, transmissions are not restricted to binary symbols, and do not have to be received simultaneously. In a network with N sources, the developed protocol can achieve throughput up to approximately 1/N symbols per source per channel use, as well as diversity of order N. To deal with decoding errors at sources, selective- and adaptive-forwarding protocols are also developed at no loss of diversity gain. Analytical results corroborated by simulated tests show considerable performance gains with respect to distributed space-time coding, and bit-level network coding protocols.