gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphology controlled synthesis of LiFePO4/C nanoplates for Li-ion batteries (2010)

Lithium iron phosphate, LiFePO4 (LFP), is considered to be a potential cathode material for lithium-ion batteries but its rate performance is significantly restricted by sluggish kinetics of electrons and lithium ions. A simple solvothermal method has been described in this article to synthesize carbon coated LFP (LFP/C) nanoplates with varying thickness from 20 to 500 nm by using different iron precursors. The influence of solvents on the morphology of the LFP in the solvothermal synthesis is also investigated. A uniform carbon coverage at the surfaces has been achieved by a selective chelating carbonising source, D-gluconic acid lactone. The smallest dimension of the nanoplates has been found to be the b-axis where the Li+ ion diffuses quickly. The overall capacity and rate performance have, in general, been found to increase with the decrease of thickness of the nanoplates. Hierarchical LFP/C with ∼30 nm thickness shows the best electrochemical performance of 167 mA h g−1, followed by spindle (<20 nm thickness but aggregated, 121 mA h g−1), plates (200–300 nm thickness, 110 mA h g−1) and diamond shaped LFP/C (300–500 nm thickness, 82 mA h g−1) at a current rate of 17mA g−1 (0.1C rate). The spindle shaped LFP/C shows unexpected electrochemical performance since the nanoplates are heavily agglomerated in the bulk which prevents access for the liquid electrolyte, as well as additive Super P carbon, between neighbouring nanoplates during the fabrication of the composite electrodes. Hence, only the peripheral plates of the spindle are actively involved in the insertion/extraction of Li+, while the core of the spindle shaped LFP/C is almost inactive, resulting in moderate storage behaviour.
Comparison of Organ Location, Morphology, and Rib Coverage of a Midsized Male in the Supine and Seated Positions (2013)

The location and morphology of abdominal organs due to postural changes have implications in the prediction of trauma via computational models. The purpose of this study is to use data from a multimodality image set to devise a method for examining changes in organ location, morphology, and rib coverage from the supine to seated postures. Medical images of a male volunteer (78.6 ± 0.77 kg, 175 cm) in three modalities (Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Upright MRI) were used. Through image segmentation and registration, an analysis between organs in each posture was conducted. For the organs analyzed (liver, spleen, and kidneys), location was found to vary between postures. Increases in rib coverage from the supine to seated posture were observed for the liver, with a 9.6% increase in a lateral projection and a 4.6% increase in a frontal projection. Rib coverage area was found to increase 11.7% for the spleen. Morphological changes in the organs were also observed. The liver expanded 7.8% cranially and compressed 3.4% and 5.2% in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions, respectively. Similar trends were observed in the spleen and kidneys. These findings indicate that the posture of the subject has implications in computational human body model development.
Effect of off-angle of stripe patterns on facet stability and embedding in selective-area hydride vapor phase epitaxy growth (2019)

Abstract The effect of the off-angle of a stripe pattern on the stability of the facet structure of epitaxially grown GaN was investigated using SiO 2 masks with 210 μ m periods, applying selective area growth through hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The SiO 2 stripe pattern was rotated in steps over the range of 0°–30° to investigate the off-angle effect based on the a -axis of GaN. A triangular facet was formed at an off-angle of 0°; however, when the off-angle exceeded 1°, a trapezoidal facet was formed. Flat and stable {10-1×} facets without macro-steps was formed at the off-angle of 0°, resulting in the perfect triangular facet structure. Conversely, when the off-angle is 1° or greater, macro-steps were formed on the {10-11} sidewall facet, and the number of macro-steps on the sidewall facets on the trapezoidal structure increased as the off-angle increased, resulting in enhanced lateral growth and embedding.
Repeat Targeted Prostate Biopsy under Guidance of Multiparametric MRI-Correlated Real-Time Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Patients with Previous Negative Biopsy and Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen: A Prospective Study (2015)

The mpMRI-CEUS correlated TB technique for the repeat prostate biopsy of patients with prior negative biopsy can improve CaDR based on the number of cores taken.
A Multivariate-Time-Series-Prediction-Based Adaptive Data Transmission Period Control Algorithm for IoT Networks (2021)

In order to reduce unnecessary data transmissions from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, this article proposes a multivariate-time-series-prediction-based adaptive data transmission period control (PBATPC) algorithm for IoT networks. Based on the spatio-temporal correlation between multivariate time-series data, we developed a novel multivariate time-series data encoding scheme utilizing the proposed time-series distance measure <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {ADMWD}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . Composed of two significant factors for a multivariate time-series prediction, i.e., the absolute deviation from the mean (ADM) and the weighted differential (WD) distance, the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {ADMWD}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> considers both the time distance from a prediction point and a negative correlation between the time-series data concurrently. Utilizing the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, a subset of IoT sensor readings can be predicted from encoded multivariate time-series measurements, and we compared the predicted sensor values with actual readings to obtain the adaptive data transmission period. Extensive performance evaluations show a substantial performance gain of the proposed algorithm in terms of the average power reduction ratio (approximately 12%) and average data reconstruction error (approximately 8.32% MAPE). Finally, this article also provides a practical implementation of the proposed PBATPC algorithm via the HTTP protocol under the IEEE 802.11-based WLAN network.
Automated detection of diagnostically relevant regions in H&E stained digital pathology slides (2012)

We present a computationally efficient method for analyzing H&E stained digital pathology slides with the objective of discriminating diagnostically relevant vs. irrelevant regions. Such technology is useful for several applications: (1) It can speed up computer aided diagnosis (CAD) for histopathology based cancer detection and grading by an order of magnitude through a triage-like preprocessing and pruning. (2) It can improve the response time for an interactive digital pathology workstation (which is usually dealing with several GByte digital pathology slides), e.g., through controlling adaptive compression or prioritization algorithms. (3) It can support the detection and grading workflow for expert pathologists in a semi-automated diagnosis, hereby increasing throughput and accuracy. At the core of the presented method is the statistical characterization of tissue components that are indicative for the pathologist's decision about malignancy vs. benignity, such as, nuclei, tubules, cytoplasm, etc. In order to allow for effective yet computationally efficient processing, we propose visual descriptors that capture the distribution of color intensities observed for nuclei and cytoplasm. Discrimination between statistics of relevant vs. irrelevant regions is learned from annotated data, and inference is performed via linear classification. We validate the proposed method both qualitatively and quantitatively. Experiments show a cross validation error rate of 1.4%. We further show that the proposed method can prune &asymp;90% of the area of pathological slides while maintaining 100% of all relevant information, which allows for a speedup of a factor of 10 for CAD systems.
Clustering Algorithms for Direct Current Track Coded Signals (2019)

Designed for detecting train presence on tracks, track circuits must maintain a level of high availability for railway signaling systems. Due to the fail-safe nature of these critical devices, any failures will result in a declaration of occupancy in a section of track which restricts train movements. It is possible to automatically diagnose and, in some cases, predict the failures of track circuits by performing analytics on the track signals. In order to perform these analytics, we need to study the coded signals transmitted to and received from the track. However, these signals consist of heterogeneous pulses that are noisy for data analysis. Thus, we need techniques which will automatically group homogeneous pulses into similar groups. In this paper, we present data cleansing techniques which will cluster pulses based on digital analysis and machine learning. We report the results of our evaluation of clustering algorithms that improve the quality of analytic data. The data were captured under revenue service conditions operated by Alstom. For clustering algorithm, we used the k-means algorithm to cluster heterogeneous pulses. By tailoring the parameters for this algorithm, we can control the pulses of the cluster, allowing for further analysis of the track circuit signals in order to gain insight regarding its performance.
Correlations between biomechanical variables and comfort ratings during high heeled gait (2009)

Walking in high heeled shoes has been shown to have distinctly different kinematics, kinetics, muscular activity, and plantar foot pressures compared to walking in flat shoes (Joseph 1968; Gehlsen ...
Bioactive Phenolate Salts: Thymol Salts (2023)

Phenolate salts of bioactive agents have been reported only scarcely. This is the first report on the formation and characterization of thymol phenolate salts as representatives of phenol-containing bioactive molecules. Thymol has been used in medicine and agriculture for decades owing to its excellent therapeutic properties. However, in light of its poor aqueous solubility, thermal instability, and especially its high chemical volatility, the utility of thymol is hampered. The present work focuses on tuning the physicochemical properties of thymol by modifying its chemical structure through salt formation. In this context, a series of metal (Na, K, Li, Cu, and Zn) and ammonium (tetrabutylammonium and choline) salts of thymol were synthesized and characterized using IR, NMR, CHN elemental analysis, and DSC analyses. The molecular formulae of thymol salts were determined based on CHN analysis and thymol quantification studies from UV-Vis spectrometric analysis. In most cases, the thymol phenolate was prepared as a 1 : 1 molar ratio with metal/ammonium ion. Only the Cu salt of thymol was isolated at a ratio of two phenolate units per copper ion. Most of the synthesized thymol salts were found to have increased thermal stability relative to thymol. The physicochemical properties such as solubility, thermal stability, and evaporation rate of thymol salts were thoroughly studied in comparison with thymol. The in vitro release studies of Cu from the copper salt of thymol is pH-dependent: rapid release of copper was observed in the lower pH release medium (100 % release at pH 1 for 12 days) and the rates of release were slower at higher pH values (5 % release at pH 2, and <1 % release at pH 4, 6, 8, and 10) over a period of about three weeks.
In vivo genetic manipulation of inner ear connexin expression by bovine adeno-associated viral vectors (2017)

We have previously shown that in vitro transduction with bovine adeno-associated viral (BAAV) vectors restores connexin expression and rescues gap junction coupling in cochlear organotypic cultures from connexin-deficient mice that are models DFNB1 nonsyndromic hearing loss and deafness. The aims of this study were to manipulate inner ear connexin expression in vivo using BAAV vectors, and to identify the optimal route of vector delivery. Injection of a BAAV vector encoding a bacterial Cre recombinase via canalostomy in adult mice with floxed connexin 26 (Cx26) alleles promoted Cre/LoxP recombination, resulting in decreased Cx26 expression, decreased endocochlear potential, increased hearing thresholds, and extensive loss of outer hair cells. Injection of a BAAV vector encoding GFP-tagged Cx30 via canalostomy in P4 mice lacking connexin 30 (Cx30) promoted formation of Cx30 gap junctions at points of contacts between adjacent non-sensory cells of the cochlear sensory epithelium. Levels of exogenous Cx30 decayed over time, but were still detectable four weeks after canalostomy. Our results suggest that persistence of BAAV-mediated gene replacement in the cochlea is limited by the extensive remodeling of the organ of Corti throughout postnatal development and associated loss of non-sensory cells.
Le système des villes moyennes du sud du chili, vers la construction de nouveaux espaces de relations ? (2013)

La question des villes moyennes ou intermédiaires a été largement débattue, en raison de la difficulté à établir leur définition. Les différentes recherches sur les villes moyennes et intermédiaires montrent que le débat sur les concepts est très ouvert et très développé en géographie. Les appréciations des concepts varient selon les pays et selon le rôle que possède chaque ville moyenne à l’intérieur de l'armature urbaine. Il est possible en reliant le concept de ville intermédiaire aux « fo...
<title>Building blocks for a 10 x 10 crossbar switch based on GaAs/GaAIAs channel waveguide array</title> (1993)

In this paper, we proposed an all-optical crossbar switch based on a successfully demonstrated optically activated modulator (OAM). This modulator was based on a GaAlAs/GaAs channel waveguide and waveguide array. A schematic of the demonstration is shown in Figure 1. A 5 micrometers activation window was employed to input an approximately mW HeNe 632.8 nm light which, in turn, modulates the 1.3 micrometers guided light. Modulation depths from 33% to 85% have been observed on the various devices tested. The size of the activation window is much smaller than for a linear electro-optic device (approximately mm to approximately cm) and a high power laser was not used in this demonstration. Consequently, this constitutes proof that a much more practical crossbar based on GaAs/GaAlAs channel waveguides can be built. The device architecture for the all-optical low-threshold 10 X 10 crossbar switch is shown in Fig. 2 where semiconductor laser diode arrays with wavelength shorter than the band gap of GaAs semiconductor are employed to optically switch the propagation directions and thus receiving ports. Refractive index modulation as high as 10<SUP>-2</SUP> was achieved. Therefore, up to 100% on/off switching can be achieved within an activation length of 20 micrometers .
Discovery of Aminopyrazole Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Wild-Type and Gatekeeper Mutant FGFR2 and 3 (2020)

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) 2 and 3 have been established as drivers of numerous types of cancer with multiple drugs approved or entering late stage clinical trials. A limitation of current inhibitors is vulnerability to gatekeeper resistance mutations. Using a combination of targeted high-throughput screening and structure-based drug design, we have developed a series of aminopyrazole based FGFR inhibitors that covalently target a cysteine residue on the P-loop of the kinase. The inhibitors show excellent activity against the wild-type and gatekeeper mutant versions of the enzymes. Further optimization using SAR analysis and structure-based drug design led to analogues with improved potency and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics properties.
Medical waste treatment and decontamination system (2023)

The invention discloses a tandem microwave system consisting of a primary chamber in which hybrid microwave energy is used for the controlled combustion of materials. A second chamber is used to further treat the off-gases from the primary chamber by passage through a susceptor matrix subjected to additional hybrid microwave energy. The direct microwave radiation and elevated temperatures provide for significant reductions in the qualitative and quantitative emissions of the treated off gases. The tandem microwave system can be utilized for disinfecting wastes, sterilizing materials, and/or modifying the form of wastes to solidify organic or inorganic materials. The simple design allows on-site treatment of waste by small volume waste generators.
[DEMO] Device vs. user-perspective rendering in AR applications for monocular optical see-through head-mounted displays (2014)

This demonstration allows visitors to use AR applications for monocular optical see-through head-mounted displays with two forms of visualization. One is the device-perspective approach, in which the user sees the virtual content registered with the camera image at the display. The other is the user-perspective method, in which the display is used as a de facto optical see-through device and the virtual content is registered with the real world.
ImmunoPods: Polymer Shells with Native Antibody Cross‐Links (2011)

Nanohülsen, die mit Antikörpern gegen HER2 funktionalisiert sind („ImmunoPods“, siehe Schema), wurden durch Adsorption der Proteine an Gold-Nanopartikel und ihre katalytische Vernetzung mit einem coadsorbierten Polymer über Propargylethergruppen synthetisiert. Beim Auflösen des Goldtemplats bleiben die hohlen Polymernanohülsen-Protein-Konjugate zurück. ImmunoPods sind bioaktiv und können Krebszellen, die das HER2-Antigen exprimieren, erkennen.
Gradient index lens optimization using Transformation Optics (2014)

Transformation Optics (TO) has enabled new methodologies for the design and specification of gradient-index (GRIN) lenses for radio-frequency and optical applications by linking refractive index gradients to a mathematically equivalent change in geometry in an alternative (virtual) space. In this work, concepts from classical optical lens design are interpreted through TO. This is demonstrated by employing the quasi-conformal transformation optics (qTO) approach combined with a powerful global optimization algorithm and a custom ray-tracer well suited for the characterization of optical lenses with arbitrary 2D and 3D gradient index (GRIN) profiles.
The Development of T Lymphocytes in Fetal Thymus Organ Culture (2012)

Fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) is a unique and powerful culture system that allows intrathymic T-lymphocyte development in vitro. T-cell development in FTOC well represents fetal thymocyte development in vivo. Here we describe the basic method for FTOC as well as several related techniques, including reconstitution of thymus lobes with T-lymphoid progenitor cells, high-oxygen submersion culture, reaggregation thymus organ culture, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to developing thymocytes in FTOC, and coculture of progenitor cells with OP9-DL1 cells.
Cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond in a high oxidation state tungsten or molybdenum hydrazine complex and the catalytic reduction of hydrazine (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond in a high oxidation state tungsten or molybdenum hydrazine complex and the catalytic reduction of hydrazineRichard R. Schrock, Timothy E. Glassman, and Michael G. ValeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2, 725–726Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00002a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00002a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views813Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Radiative heat reflection using thin protected mirrors for passive fire protection of polymers (2019)

Infrared radiation during a fire is known to be the main contributor to heat transfer. Therefore, coatings that can reflect infrared rays are promising for passive fire protection of materials, as they would theoretically be able to completely hinder radiative heat transfers to the substrate. This approach could be effectively used to delay the degradation and burning of polymers by limiting the heat transfers with the environment. Metals are relevant candidates since they are near perfect reflectors in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, they corrode and lose their properties once put under high temperatures. Moreover, coating a metallic layer on a thermally sensitive and isolating substrate is not straight-forward. Pulsed DC magnetron sputtering of pure metallic targets allows to deposit metals on substrates while maintaining their temperature relatively low. It also enables the deposition of a dielectric layer, which could effectively protect the metal without impacting its infrared reflection property. This technique was used to coat polypropylene and polyamide 6 (PA6) plates with a thin aluminum/alumina bilayer. The performance of these systems was evaluated using cone calorimetry (external heat flux of 50kW/m²) with a thermocouple to monitor the temperature at the back of the sample. With thicknesses less than 1 µm, impressive results were obtained. Time to ignition has been considerably improved, and the increase in temperature at the backside of the sample was significantly slowed down. For example, in the case of PA6, ignition was delayed to more than an hour (80s for the uncoated polymer) and the temperature at the back of the sample was kept under 320°C for the same amount of time (whereas it was reached under 5 min for the bare material). Additionally, a synergistic effect was targeted by combining the infrared coating designed with bulk fire retardant systems.