gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovery Analysis for Plug-and-Play Priors using the Restricted Eigenvalue Condition (2021)

The plug-and-play priors (PnP) and regularization by denoising (RED) methods have become widely used for solving inverse problems by leveraging pre-trained deep denoisers as image priors. While the empirical imaging performance and the theoretical convergence properties of these algorithms have been widely investigated, their recovery properties have not previously been theoretically analyzed. We address this gap by showing how to establish theoretical recovery guarantees for PnP/RED by assuming that the solution of these methods lies near the fixed-points of a deep neural network. We also present numerical results comparing the recovery performance of PnP/RED in compressive sensing against that of recent compressive sensing algorithms based on generative models. Our numerical results suggest that PnP with a pre-trained artifact removal network provides significantly better results compared to the existing state-of-the-art methods.
Universal Mechanical Polycomputation in Granular Matter (2023)

Unconventional computing devices are increasingly of interest as they can operate in environments hostile to silicon-based electronics, or compute in ways that traditional electronics cannot. Mechanical computers, wherein information processing is a material property emerging from the interaction of components with the environment, are one such class of devices. This information processing can be manifested in various physical substrates, one of which is granular matter. In a granular assembly, vibration can be treated as the information-bearing mode. This can be exploited to realize "polycomputing": materials can be evolved such that a single grain within them can report the result of multiple logical operations simultaneously at different frequencies, without recourse to quantum effects. Here, we demonstrate the evolution of a material in which one grain acts simultaneously as two different NAND gates at two different frequencies. NAND gates are of interest as any logical operations can be built from them. Moreover, they are nonlinear thus demonstrating a step toward general-purpose, computationally dense mechanical computers. Polycomputation was found to be distributed across each evolved material, suggesting the material's robustness. With recent advances in material sciences, hardware realization of these materials may eventually provide devices that challenge the computational density of traditional computers.
Radical cyclization-trapping in the synthesis of natural products. A simple, stereocontrolled route to prostaglandin F2.alpha. (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadical cyclization-trapping in the synthesis of natural products. A simple, stereocontrolled route to prostaglandin F2.alpha.Gilbert. Stork, Philip Michael. Sher, and Hai Lin. ChenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 20, 6384–6385Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00280a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00280a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2703Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Human microglial cells: Characterization in cerebral tissue and in primary culture, and study of their susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection (1991)

Neuropathological studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells within the brain express several markers characteristic of macrophages and could either be microglial cells, or monocytes invading the CNS, or both. To better define the target cells of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 within the brain, we have studied human microglial cells, both in vivo and in vitro, and compared them to monocytes for their antigenic markers and their susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Brain-derived macrophages were isolated from primary cortical and spinal cord cultures obtained from 8 to 12-week-old human embryos. The isolated cells presented esterase activity, phagocyted zymosan particles, expressed several (Fc receptors, and CD68/Ki-M7 and CD11b/CR3 receptors) of the macrophagic antigenic markers, and appeared to be resident microglial cells from human embryonic brain. Conversely, brain-derived macrophages did not express antigens CD4, CD14, or CD68/Ki-M6, which are easily detected on freshly isolated monocytes. Using these antigenic differences between isolated microglial cells and monocytes, we have observed that two populations of macrophages could be individualized. In the normal adult brain, microglial cells were numerous in both the gray and the white matter. The infrequent cells sharing antigens with monocytes were found almost exclusively around vessels. In 8 to 12-week-old human embryos, microglial cells were found in both the parenchyma and the germinative layer. Cells sharing antigens with monocytes were only found at the top of and inside the germinative layer. In brain tissue from patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encephalitis, cells sharing antigens with monocytes are abundant not only around the vessels but also in the parenchyma. In double-labeling experiments, human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells showed monocyte antigens. Finally, microglial cells also differ from monocytes in their in vitro susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection; after stimulation by r-TNF alpha or GmCSF, monocytes but not microglial cells can replicate human immunodeficiency virus type 1. This in vitro difference in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 susceptibility between monocytes and microglial cells together with the presence of monocytic antigens within the brain tissue of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients suggest that human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells within the brain are either monocytes that have crossed the blood-brain barrier and spread through the tissue or perivascular microglial cells that, after phagocyting infected blood lymphocytes, subsequently contain viral antigen and migrate to brain tissue.
DCPE Rollout: Scaling Performance Engineering Training and Certification across a Very Large Enterprise (2009)

Performance engineering is a badly needed skill for implementing and running IT systems, but performance engineers are hard to find in the market. This paper presents our experiences in rolling out training and certification in a first level course on performance engineering across a large enterprise. We present data and lessons learned on the nominations for the rollout, the design and analysis of theory and practical exams, and the methods used to ensure fairness in a rollout spanning hundreds of nominations. We present results that show trainees to perform exceeding well much against conventional wisdom, and we also show how the success of the rollout has led to a number of beneficial initiatives for the company.
MP60-04 INTRAVESICAL ADMINISTRATION OF SENSORY NEURON-SPECIFIC RECEPTOR AGONIST SUPPRESSES CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-INDUCED BLADDER OVERACTIVITY (2016)

There was no significant difference in ICI between SV and SN groups (p0.56) b) There were no significant differences in licking behaviour among 4 groups. However, the number of freezing events was significantly (p0.002) higher in the HV group than in the SV group. The HN group showed the significantly (p0.04) smaller number of freezing events than the HV group. c) Immunofluorescence staining showed that NGF expression in the mucosa (p0.02) and L6 DRG (p0.01) was significantly higher in the HV group than in the SV group. On the other hand, the HN group had the significantly lower NGF expression in the mucosa (p0.002) and L6 DRG (p0.01) than the HV group.
Ultrasound detection of nanoparticle contrast agents for multimodal molecular imaging (2011)

Aim of the present work was, first, to demonstrate feasibility and usefulness of subharmonic imaging of silica nanospheres (SiNSs) at diagnostic ultrasound (US) frequencies and, second, to investigate the acoustic effectiveness of a new class of multimodal nanocomposite contrast agents, towards dual mode investigations combining US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We employed SiNSs of variable diameter (160 nm, 330 nm and 660 nm) dispersed in different volume concentrations (range 0.07-0.8%) in agarose gel samples that were automatically scanned through a digital ecograph using narrow-band US pulses, varying both frequency (range 5-10 MHz) and mechanical index (MI range 0.2-0.6). Raw radiofrequency data were acquired and off-line processed, in order to study the behaviour of fundamental and subharmonic component as a function of incident frequency, MI, SiNS size and concentration. The experiments were also repeated on different agarose samples, containing SiNSs covered by an outer shell of smaller magnetic nanoparticles, made of either iron oxide (FeO) or FePt-FeO nanocrystals. Obtained results show that the highest sensitivity of subharmonic intensity to nanoparticle presence was always found for 330-nm SiNSs, that can be effectively detected at very low volume concentrations (0.07%) by employing a low MI (0.2). These properties were maintained by SiNSs even after a coverage by an outer magnetic shell, so representing a valuable candidate for tasks of dual mode molecular imaging.
Cyclic RGD-Functionalized and Disulfide-Crosslinked Iodine-Rich Polymersomes as a Robust and Smart Theranostic Agent for Targeted CT Imaging and Chemotherapy of Tumor (2019)

There is tremendous interest in integrating CT imaging with chemotherapy; however, reported iodine-based nanosystems such as nanogels and nano-emulsions display typically reduced contrast coefficient, low drug loading and stability, and poor targetability. Here, cRGD-functionalized disulfide-crosslinked iodine-rich polymersomes (cRGD-XIPs) were designed as a novel, robust and smart theranostic agent and investigated for targeted CT imaging and chemotherapy of malignant tumors. <b>Methods:</b> cRGD-XIPs were prepared from co-self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(dithiolane trimethylene carbonate-<i>co</i>-iodinated trimethylene carbonate) (PEG-P(DTC-IC)) and cRGD-PEG-P(DTC-IC) block copolymers. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> CT contrast effect of cRGD-XIPs was studied using α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-overexpressing B16 melanoma as a tumor model in comparison with clinical agent iohexol. The therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded cRGD-XIPs (cRGD-XIPs-Dox) to B16 melanoma was investigated and compared with XIPs-Dox (non-targeted), cRGD-IPs-Dox (non-crosslinked) and free Dox. <b>Results:</b> cRGD-XIPs were formed with 55.5 wt.% iodine and ca. 90 nm in diameter. cRGD-XIPs-Dox with a Dox loading of 15.3 <i>wt.</i>% bared superior colloidal stability and reduction-responsive drug release. Notably, blank cRGD-XIPs showed a maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) > 400 mg iodine equiv./kg while cRGD-XIPs-Dox had an MTD > 150 mg Dox equiv./kg, ca. 15-fold improvement over free Dox. cRGD-XIPs revealed superior CT contrast effect and achieved 46.5- and 24.0-fold better enhancement of CT imaging of B16 melanoma than iohexol at 4 h following intratumoral and intravenous injection, respectively. cRGD-XIPs-Dox displayed an elimination half-life of 6.5 h and an elevated accumulation of 6.68% ID/g in the tumors. Furthermore, cRGD-XIPs-Dox was significantly more effective than XIPs-Dox and cRGD-XPs-Dox in inhibiting growth of B16 melanoma model. <b>Conclusion:</b> This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that cRGD-XIPs are a robust, non-toxic and smart polymeric theranostic agent that can not only significantly enhance CT imaging of tumors but also mediate efficient tumor-targeted chemotherapy. XIPs offer a unique and safe platform for theranostic polymersomes that pre-select patients using CT imaging prior to targeted chemotherapy with the same system.
NFAT‐dependent regulation of Protein C Receptor (PROCR/EPCR) in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation (2011)

Calcineurin (Cn) and the NFAT family of transcription factors are critical in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) development and pathology. Here, we use a genomics approach to identify NFAT gene targets activated during PDGF-BB-induced SMC phenotypic modulation. Genome-wide expression arrays were used to identify genes both 1) differentially activated in response to PDGF-BB, and 2) whose differential expression was reduced by both the Cn inhibitor, cyclosporin A and the NFAT inhibitor, A-285222. The top 20 pharmacologically sensitive genes were validated by qRT-PCR analysis of PDGF-BB-treated SMCs in the presence of Cn/NFAT inhibitors. In all experiments, protein C receptor (PROCR) gene activation was reduced. The molecular mechanisms governing PROCR expression in vascular cells is currently unknown. The PROCR promoter contains a species-conserved, NFAT binding site at the −8 position. We show that PROCR expression is virtually absent in untreated, quiescent SMCs. PDGF-BB stimulation, however, induces significant PROCR promoter activity and downstream protein expression in a Cn/NFAT-dependent manner. Moreover, basal medial SMC PROCR levels in vivo is barely detectable by immunostaining but induced in the neointima as early as 7 days following acute vascular injury in rat carotid arteries. These data suggest that PROCR induction is implicated in vascular restenosis and consequent inward remodeling.
Abstract 20252: Use of Ambulatory Event Monitoring in Identifying Patients With Delayed Presentation of High-Grade Atrioventricular Block Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (2017)

Introduction: Delayed high-grade atrioventricular block (H-AVB) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been reported, but identification of such patients post-discharge (DC) ha...
Capacity Maximization of the mmWave Networks Deploying Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: An Enhancement Approach for 6G Internet of Things (2022)

An intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a reconfigurable mechanism that may be used to regulate the transmission of radio signals by modifying the electrical and magnetic characteristics. As a result, IRS is regarded as an advanced technology for sixth-generation (6G) Internet of Things (IoT) communications infrastructure. The objective of the work is to improve the capacity of the micro cell, i.e., enabling the micro cell base station of a two-tier network to serve an increased number of devices. Therefore, the work deployed an IRS in a micro cell and achieved significant improvements in the performance with a reduced transmit power of the micro base station.
Genome-wide Characterization of a Viral Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitope Repertoire (2003)

A genome-wide search using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding and proteosome cleavage site algorithms identified 101 influenza A PR8 virus-derived peptides as potential epitopes for CD8+ T cell recognition in the H-2b mouse. Cytokine-based flow cytometry, ELISPOT, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte assays reveal that 16 are recognized by CD8+ T cells recovered directly ex vivo from infected animals, accounting for greater than 70% of CD8+ T cells recruited to lung after primary infection. Only six of the 22 highest affinity MHC class I binding peptides comprise cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes. The remaining non-immunogenic peptides have equivalent MHC affinity and MHC-peptide complex half-lives, eliciting T cell responses when given in adjuvant and with T cell receptor-ligand avidity comparable with their immunogenic counterparts. As revealed by a novel high sensitivity nanospray tandem mass spectrometry methodology, failure to process those predicted epitopes may contribute significantly to the absent response. These results have important implications for rationale design of CD8+ T cell vaccines.
Progress in the Research of the Toxicity Effect Mechanisms of Heavy Metals on Freshwater Organisms and Their Water Quality Criteria in China (2020)

Water quality criteria are the scientific basis for formulating water quality standards and environmental management practices. Due to the development of urbanization and industrialization, the problem of heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Heavy metals not only have major impacts on aquatic organisms, but also seriously threaten human health. However, the current environmental criteria refer to the maximum value limitations of environmental factors in environmental media where harmful or detrimental effects are not produced on specific protected objects. This study reviewed the sources, hazard levels, toxic effect mechanisms, and the current research status of China’s water quality criteria for heavy metal pollutants. In addition, the focus and direction of future research on the toxic effects of heavy metal on aquatic organisms and the necessary criteria changes were discussed. The present study would provide an important theoretical basis for the future research of water quality criteria and risk assessment of heavy metal pollutants.
Photochemical Targeting of Mitochondria to Overcome Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer† (2022)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a stubborn mortality rate of ~65%. The persistent failure of multiline chemotherapy, and significant tumor heterogeneity, has made it challenging to improve outcomes. A target of increasing interest is the mitochondrion because of its essential role in critical cellular functions, and the significance of metabolic adaptation in chemoresistance. This review describes mitochondrial processes, including metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial transfer and mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. The effect of malignant ascites, or excess peritoneal fluid, on mitochondrial function is discussed. The role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in overcoming mitochondria-mediated resistance is presented. PDT, a photochemistry-based modality, involves the light-based activation of a photosensitizer leading to the production of short-lived reactive molecular species and spatiotemporally confined photodamage to nearby organelles and biological targets. The consequential effects range from subcytotoxic priming of target cells for increased sensitivity to subsequent treatments, such as chemotherapy, to direct cell killing. This review discusses how PDT-based approaches can address key limitations of current treatments. Specifically, an overview of the mechanisms by which PDT alters mitochondrial function, and a summary of preclinical advancements and clinical PDT experience in ovarian cancer are provided.
Detection of Giardia genotypes in sewage and in stool samples in Israel (2020)

Giardia is a protozoan parasite which causes a severe disease called Giardiasis. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Giardia cysts in raw wastewater and its prevalence in the study community. Furthermore, the prevalence of assemblages A and B in sewage was compared with their prevalence in stool samples tested positive for Giardia. All wastewater samples were found positive for Giardia at a concentration range of 10-12225 cysts/L. Positive stool samples contained Giardia at an average concentration of 1.4x105cysts/gr. Giardia assemblage A alone was detected in 38.2% of wastewater samples, whereas assemblage B was not detected separately. However, 61.8% of the samples were found to contain both assemblages. In stool samples, the majority 27 out of 50 (54%) were found to contain assemblage B, 34.6% contained assemblage A and only 11.5% contained a mix of both assemblages. The results of the study indicate that Giardia is highly prevalent in wastewater in Israel reflecting its prevalence in the community. In addition, assemblage A is highly prevalent in wastewater, whereas assemblage B is more prevalent in stool samples, suggesting milder and/or carrier state of infection for assemblage A.
Replacing a Surface Loop Endows Ribonuclease A with Angiogenic Activity (1995)

Angiogenin (ANG) promotes the formation of blood vessels in animals. This hormone is a small, monomeric protein that is homologous to bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase). ANG is a poor ribonuclease but its ribonucleolytic activity is essential for its angiogenic activity. RNase is not angiogenic. A hybrid protein was produced in which 13 residues of a divergent surface loop of ANG were substituted for the analogous 15 residues of RNase. The value of kcat/Km for the cleavage of uridylyl(3'-->5')adenosine by this hybrid protein was 20-fold less than that of RNase but 10(5)-fold greater than that of ANG. The thermal stability of the hybrid protein was also less than that of RNase. Nevertheless, the RNase/ANG hybrid protein promotes angiogenesis in mice at least as extensively as does authentic ANG. Thus we present a protein endowed with a noncognate biological activity simply by replacing a single element of secondary structure. In addition, a 13-residue peptide corresponding to the surface loop of ANG inhibits endogenous angiogenesis in mice. These results support a model in which both a surface loop and a catalytic site are necessary for the promotion of blood vessel formation by ANG or RNase. The dissection of structure/function elements in ANG reveals a unique opportunity to develop new molecules that modulate neovascularization.
Supplemental Table 4 from AXL Is a Logical Molecular Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 4. Clinical characteristics of patients prior to surgery and PDX establishment&lt;/p&gt;
Modelling of a VSAT link physical layer fade countermeasure controlled at the data link layer (2002)

A satellite data communication link with fade countermeasures applied at the physical layer, in the form of adaptive modulation and forward error correction coding, will only perform as well as governed by the way in which the inherent system adaptivity is controlled. By considering the controlled quality attribute to be the error-free frame throughput of the link, the place where the control happens has to move from the physical layer to the data link layer. Following earlier research which produced excellent results when the OSI HDLC protocol was simulated, the authors have embarked on the development of a fast executing simulator based on a Markov chain architecture. The basic model has been modified by application of adaptive filtering techniques in the calculation of the state change probability values. This refined the model to perform within 2% of the original simulator in the case of the selective repeat continuous ARQ. The paper presents the development philosophy of the new model and some of the results obtained using both deterministic test fades and propagation fades previously recorded by satellite beacon receivers. The good accuracy of the model, coupled with its computation efficiency, makes it suitable for application in future work where a potentially large number of links would have to be simultaneously considered.