gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-Planning: An Automatic Curriculum for Learning Goal-Reaching Tasks (2021)

Goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) can solve tasks in a wide range of domains, including navigation and manipulation, but learning to reach distant goals remains a central challenge to the field. Learning to reach such goals is particularly hard without any offline data, expert demonstrations, and reward shaping. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to solve the distant goal-reaching task by using search at training time to automatically generate a curriculum of intermediate states. Our algorithm, Classifier-Planning (C-Planning), frames the learning of the goal-conditioned policies as expectation maximization: the E-step corresponds to planning an optimal sequence of waypoints using graph search, while the M-step aims to learn a goal-conditioned policy to reach those waypoints. Unlike prior methods that combine goal-conditioned RL with graph search, ours performs search only during training and not testing, significantly decreasing the compute costs of deploying the learned policy. Empirically, we demonstrate that our method is more sample efficient than prior methods. Moreover, it is able to solve very long horizons manipulation and navigation tasks, tasks that prior goal-conditioned methods and methods based on graph search fail to solve.
Deriving bathymetry and water properties from hyperspectral imagery by spectral matching using a full radiative transfer model (2020)

Many existing techniques for estimating the optical properties of a body of water directly from a hyperspectral remote sensing spectrum are based on the idea of ‘spectral matching’ – that is, input parameters in a forward model are systematically varied until the measured and modelled spectra are sufficiently similar. This is usually done by using numerical optimization methods with a simplified forward model, or by precomputing a large library of spectra with a more realistic model, and then searching the library for the best match. In this letter, we show that is possible to combine the two approaches by using a full radiative transfer model in an optimization routine. We include results of running the algorithm on both simulated and measured data.
A H.264 bit rate transcoding scheme based on PID controller (2006)

An efficient H.264 bit rate transcoding scheme based on PID controller, is proposed in this paper. In the scheme, simplified cascaded pixel domain transcoding structure is adopted to reduce the computational complexity while remaining the comparable reconstructed video quality. Furthermore, a PID controller is introduced in the frame layer to ensure the output bit rate consistent with the target bit rate. The experimental results show that, the scheme proposed in the paper can achieve high bit rate accuracy, which is an efficient bit rate transcoding scheme.
Gate-last TiN/HfO2 band edge effective work functions using low-temperature anneals and selective cladding to control interface composition (2012)

Silicon N-metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) and P-metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) band edge effective work functions and the correspondingly low threshold voltages (Vt) are demonstrated using standard fab materials and processes in a gate-last scheme employing low-temperature anneals and selective cladding layers. Al diffusion from the cladding to the TiN/HfO2 interface during forming gas anneal together with low O concentration in the TiN enables low NMOS Vt. The use of non-migrating W cladding along with experimentally detected N-induced dipoles, produced by increased oxygen in the TiN, facilitates low PMOS Vt.
BlueFi (2021)

Bluetooth and WiFi are the two dominant technologies enabling the communication of mobile and IoT devices. Built with specific design goals and principles, they are vastly different, each using its own hardware and software. Thus, they are not interoperable and require different hardware.
Screen-Printable Material and Process Solutions for High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2014)

In this paper, we will describe three kinds of screen-printable materials, that is, n/p-type doping pastes, surface passivation paste and Cu-alloy electrode paste. The n/p-type doping pastes have three main features: (i) uniform and controllable sheet resistance, (ii) minimal out-diffusion, and (iii) no residue. These can be applicable to high-efficiency solar cells such as selective emitter, back contact and bi-facial structure. The surface passivation paste has also three main features: (i) easy to form thin-layer patterning by screen printing, (ii) field-effect passivation, and (iii) comparable negative fixed charge density to ALD-Al2O3. Therefore, this can be alternative to ALD or PECVD passivation for fabricating the local back-surface-field cell in a lower-cost process. The Cu-alloy electrode paste is the replacement to reduce material cost of the Ag-paste. This paste is composed of Cu-alloy, glass frit, solvent and binder. By firing at around 800 C, the barrier layer is formed outside of the conductive layer (Cu-alloy) and prevents Cu-migration to Si. These screen-printable materials enable to provide high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cell without significant additional process and cost.
Automatic Record Reviews (2004)

Record reviews provide a unique and focused source of linguistic data that can be related to musical recordings, to provide a basis for computational music understanding systems with applications in similarity, recommendation and classification. We analyze a large testbed of music and a corpus of reviews for each work to uncover patterns and develop mechanisms for removing reviewer bias and extraneous non-musical discussion. By building upon work in grounding free text against audio signals we invent an "automatic record review" system that labels new music audio with maximal semantic value for future retrieval tasks. In effect, we grow an unbiased music editor trained from the consensus of the online reviews we have gathered.
Droplet-train induced spatiotemporal swelling regimes in elastomers (2018)

In this work, we perform a combined experimental and numerical analysis of elastomer swelling dynamics upon impingement of a train of solvent droplets. We use time scale analysis to identify spatiotemporal regimes resulting in distinct boundary conditions that occur based on relative values of the absorption timescale and the droplet train period. We recognize that when either timescale is significantly larger than the other, two cases of quasi-uniform swelling occur. In contrast, when the two timescales are comparable, a variety of temporary geometrical features due to localized swelling are observed. We show that the swelling feature and its temporal evolution depends upon geometric scaling of polymer thickness and width relative to the droplet size. Based on this scaling, we identify six cases of localized swelling and experimentally demonstrate the swelling features for two cases representing limits of thickness and width. A finite element model of local swelling is developed and validated with experimental results for these two cases. The model is subsequently used to explore the swelling behavior in the rest of the identified cases. We show that depending upon the lateral dimension of the sample, swelling can locally exhibit mushroom, mesa, and cap like shapes. These deformations are magnified during the droplet-train impact but dissipate during post-train polymer equilibration. Our results also show that while swelling shape is a function of lateral dimensions of the sample, the extent of swelling increases with the elastomer sample thickness.
Photonic network-on-chip architecture using 3D integration (2011)

We introduce a multi-layer silicon photonic microring resonator filter, fabricated using deposited materials, and transmit up to 12.5-Gb/s error-free data, establishing a novel class of high-performance silicon photonics for advanced photonic NoCs. Furthermore, by leveraging deposited materials, we propose a novel fully-integrated scalable photonic switch architecture for data center networks, sustaining nonblocking 256×256 port size with nanosecond-scale switching times, interconnecting 2,560 server racks with 51.2-Tb/s bisection bandwidth.
Multiple mouse text entry for single-display groupware (2010)

A recent trend in interface design for classrooms in developing regions has many students interacting on the same display using mice. Text entry has emerged as an important problem preventing such mouse-based singledisplay groupware systems from offering compelling interactive activities. We explore the design space of mouse-based text entry and develop 13 techniques with novel characteristics suited to the multiple mouse scenario. We evaluated these in a 3-phase study over 14 days with 40 students in 2 developing region schools. The results show that one technique effectively balanced all of our design dimensions, another was most preferred by students, and both could benefit from augmentation to support collaborative interaction. Our results also provide insights into the factors that create an optimal text entry technique for single-display groupware systems.
Tailoring the Transport Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks by Post-Synthetic Thermal Modification (2015)

Understanding how to control transport properties of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) is critical to extend ZIF-based membranes and adsorbents to a wide spectrum of gas and vapor separations. In this work, we report a facile post-synthetic thermal modification (PSTM) technique to tailor ZIFs' transport properties by balancing diffusivity and diffusion selectivity. With controllable dissociation of framework methyl groups from a precursor ZIF (ZIF-8), we have prepared thermally modified ZIFs showing substantially increased n-butane diffusivity and attractive n/iso-butane diffusion selectivity. Hybrid ZIF/polymer mixed-matrix membranes formed using these thermally modified ZIFs are expected to deliver attractive butane isomer separation performance. Membranes based on such materials can potentially be used to retrofit refinery alkylation units for producing premium gasoline blending stocks.
Ultra high speed 802.11n LDPC decoder with seven-stage pipeline in 28 nm CMOS (2022)

This paper reports our latest implementation results of a fully unrolled LDPC decoder prototyped in 28 nm CMOS technology. The decoder achieves 1218 Gbps coded throughput and consumes a 5.49 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip area. The standard min-sum decoding algorithm with four-bit quantization, five unrolled iterations, (648,540) parity matrix, and a seven-stage pipeline is employed. Such implementation achieves a higher data rate than adaptive degeneration and finite-alphabet decoding algorithms, requires less silicon than the solutions mentioned above, and is fully compliant with the IEEE 802.11n WLAN standard.
What would you do? (2012)

A moderator and panel of five experts led an interactive session in discussing five challenging and interesting patient case presentations involving surgery of the hip. The hip pathologies reviewed included failed open reduction internal fixation of subcapital femoral neck fracture, bilateral hip disease, evaluation of pain after metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty, avascular necrosis, aseptic loosening secondary to osteolysis and polyethylene wear, and management of ceramic femoral head fracture.
NIKA2: a mm camera for cluster cosmology (2017)

Galaxy clusters constitute a major cosmological probe. However, Planck 2015 results have shown a weak tension between CMB-derived and cluster-derived cosmological parameters. This tension might be due to poor knowledge of the cluster mass and observable relationship. As for now, arcmin resolution Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) observations ({\it e.g.} SPT, ACT and Planck) only allowed detailed studies of the intra cluster medium for low redshift clusters ($z&lt;0.2$). For high redshift clusters ($z&gt;0.5$) high resolution and high sensitivity SZ observations are needed. With both a wide field of view (6.5 arcmin) and a high angular resolution (17.7 and 11.2 arcsec at 150 and 260 GHz), the NIKA2 camera installed at the IRAM 30-m telescope (Pico Veleta, Spain) is particularly well adapted for these observations. The NIKA2 SZ observation program will map a large sample of clusters (50) at redshifts between 0.5 and 0.9. As a pilot study for NIKA2, several clusters of galaxies have been observed with the pathfinder, NIKA, at the IRAM 30-m telescope to cover the various configurations and observation conditions expected for NIKA2.}
AMIDE: A Free Software Tool for Multimodality Image Analysis (2003)

With the increasing use of multimodality imaging, a need has arisen for software tools that can seamlessly handle the data sets generated by these studies (e.g. PET/CT, SPECT/MRI). To fill this need, AMIDE [1] (Amide’s a Med-
Using Markets to Evaluate Policy: The Case of the Iraq War (2004)

Market prices incorporate large amounts of information, and our aim in this paper is to demonstrate that prediction markets can help extract this information, prospectively allowing this aggregated expertise to inform policy decisions in real-time. We provide a case study, exploiting data from a market trading in contracts which paid off if Saddam Hussein was removed as leader of Iraq, to learn about financial market participants’ expectations of the consequences of the 2003 Iraq war. We conducted an ex-ante analysis, which we disseminated before the war, finding that a 10 percent increase in the probability of war was accompanied by a $1 increase in spot oil prices that futures markets expected to dissipate quickly. Equity prices movements implied that the same shock led to a 1½ percent decline in the S&P 500. Further, the existence of widely-traded options allows us to back out the entire distribution of market expectations of the war’s near-term effects, finding that these large effects reflected a negatively skewed distribution, with a substantial probability of an extremely adverse outcome. The flow of war-related news through our sample explains a large proportion of daily oil and equity price movements. Subsequent analysis suggests that these relationships continued to hold out-of-sample. Our analysis also allows us to characterize which industries and countries were most sensitive to war news, and when the war turned out somewhat better than ex-ante expectations, these sectors recovered, confirming these cross-sectional implications. We highlight the particular features of this case study that make it particularly amenable to this style of policy analysis, and discuss some of the issues in applying this method to other policy contexts.
Mesenchymal stromal cells: tissue engineers and immune response modulators (2008)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show significant immune-suppressive properties both in vitro and in vivo. Based on their immune-stealth properties, allogeneic MSCs are used to treat several diseases, for example the injection of MSCs in infarcted heart tissue or their use in bone-cartilage regeneration. The most spectacular treatment was recently described. MSCs were able to down-regulate the severity of graft-versus-host disease, leading to an impressive 20 to 50% increase in the two-year survival of bone marrow transplantation patients. Here the current literature is reviewed to elucidate the different mechanisms involved in these two clinical treatment modalities of MSCs.
Network-oriented controls of Internet services. (2004)

Network-Oriented Service Controls (NOSCs) are light-weight mechanisms for providing Quality-of-Service (QoS) support and overload protection for Internet services. They operate purely at the network and transport layers by policing incoming requests. Thus, key to implementing effective NOSCs is understanding how arriving requests react to the applied control and how services react to the change in incoming load. This dissertation undertakes a two-sided investigation of NOSCs focusing on the underlying traffic and the running services to give a complete picture detailing the performance, effectiveness, and limitations of such mechanisms. Based on a detailed study of the underlying network traffic, we introduce <italic> persistent clients</italic>, a model that captures the true reaction of client requests to the applied controls. This new model has strong implications on the controllability of aggregate request arrivals. It is used to show the limitations of traditional rate-based mechanisms as they unnecessarily exacerbate client-perceived latency as well as the number of retransmissions. We propose <italic>persistent dropping</italic> (<italic>PD</italic>), a novel mechanism that minimizes both the client-perceived latency and the number of retransmissions without sacrificing fairness. To further improve the efficiency of PD, we propose the <italic>Abacus Filter</italic> (<italic> AF</italic>), an adaptive filtering mechanism that is equipped with an explicit reject capability. AF only drops those requests that, with high probability, will be accepted in the future upon their retransmission and rejects those requests that will never be accepted, further minimizing the client-perceived latency. We also study the impact of NOSCs on Internet services with particular focus on (1) the effects of concurrency on the performance of a service, (2) the interactions between threads/processes of different services, and (3) the relationship between request arrival and service performance. We use our derived models to predict the impact of the applied (rate-limiting) controls on the client-perceived latency. We also use them to find the enforcement rates that guarantee certain response times to different client groups. We finally create an adaptive architecture called <italic>Adaptive Packet Filters</italic> (<italic>APF</italic>s). By incorporating on-line monitoring information, APFs reduce incoming service requests to provide overload protection and QoS differentiation for different client groups without modifying the application or the underlying OS.
Overview of Special Issue (2017)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 226181.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
Deep Learning at the Physical Layer for Adaptive Terahertz Communications (2023)

Wireless communications in the terahertz (THz) band will become a cornerstone of sixth-generation (6G) networks. The THz channel, however, presents several challenges, such as distance-dependent absorption coefficients that can change the bandwidth significantly in case of mobility. Thus, future THz transmitters will have to switch modulation and bandwidth almost continuously. Moreover, using the same transmission scheme can enable adversaries to leverage smart interfering to inflict more damage with less energy expense. To help enable adaptive and secure THz communications, this article presents the first ever experimental study of modulation and bandwidth classification (MBC) at THz frequencies through deep learning (DL) techniques. We have performed an extensive experimental data collection campaign at 120 GHz with different modulation schemes, signal bandwidth (up to 20 GHz), and different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. We prove for the first time the feasibility and effectiveness of MBC at THz frequencies, with our DL models reaching accuracy up to 78% and 90% in low- and high-SNR conditions. Furthermore, we investigate the memory and latency constraints that need to be satisfied as a function of the signal bandwidth, and propose a boosting technique to improve the inference quality by trading off latency for accuracy. Finally, we experimentally evaluate the latency of our CNN models through FPGA implementation.
Structure of LPCVD Tungsten Films for IC Applications (1986)

Because of the widespread potential use of CVD tungsten films in integrated circuit applications, the structural properties of these films were examined over a range of deposition conditions and with different nucleating layers. When tungsten is deposited on a chromium nucleating layer on an oxidized silicon wafer, the stress is not a strong function of film thickness, and most of it is caused by the difference in the thermal coefficients of expansion of tungsten and silicon. The surface roughness increases almost linearly with increasing film thickness. The grain size also increases with increasing film thickness, with the diameters of the largest grains comparable to the film thickness. The structure is equiaxed, rather than columnar. The (100) texture is dominant near the normal deposition temperature of 300°C for different film thicknesses and nucleating layers, but the dominant orientation changes at higher deposition temperatures. The structure develops as the film is deposited, rather than being determined by the nucleation.
Search for single top-quark production via flavour-changing neutral currents at 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2016)

A search for single top-quark production via flavour-changing neutral current processes from gluon plus up- or charm-quark initial states in proton-proton collisions at the LHC is presented. Data collected with the ATLAS detector in 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb[Formula: see text] are used. Candidate events for a top quark decaying into a lepton, a neutrino and a jet are selected and classified into signal- and background-like candidates using a neural network. No signal is observed and an upper limit on the production cross-section multiplied by the [Formula: see text] branching fraction is set. The observed 95 % CL limit is [Formula: see text] and the expected 95 % CL limit is [Formula: see text]. The observed limit can be interpreted as upper limits on the coupling constants of the flavour-changing neutral current interactions divided by the scale of new physics [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and on the branching fractions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Optical Microfluidics for Cell Studies (2012)

We apply optical microfluidic methods to cell studies including: nanoliter polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA/RNA, useful for circulating tumor cells; and preparing artificial bilayers, useful for transmembrane protein function.
Janus mesophases of matter (2021)

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Janus is the god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, frames, and endings. He is usually depicted as having two faces looking in opposite directions, one towards the past and the other towards the future. This article is dedicated to Professor BK Sadashiva for his contributions to the science of liquid crystals, and new beginnings in the design and creation of mesomorphic materials.In the studies of metallomesogens based on copper(II) complexes of β-diketones, Ohta and his colleagues reported the first-established discotic-lamellar phase, in which the board-like complexes are able to form lamellar packing arrangements, and at the same time stacking into columns. Casagrande et al. later prepared synthetically modified beads with one hemisphere being hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic. These particles were considered to be amphiphilic solids, and called Janus Beads. Synthetic Janus Mesogens with supermolecular architectures having one chiral nematic hemisphere and the other with smectic tendencies were made in 2003. These complexes, particles, and supermolecules, were termed Janus to describe the structure of the material. In this article we use Janus liquid crystals to describe a material that combines two different packing motifs in a single uniform phase structure.