gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissolution kinetics and deprotection reaction in chemically amplified resists upon exposure to extreme ultraviolet radiation (2009)

Polymer structure effects on the dissolution kinetics and deprotection reaction were investigated to understand inherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist characteristics because it is important for EUV lithography to select appropriate protecting group and protecting ratio. The difference of activation energy caused by protecting groups and protecting ratio was observed. For small protecting group such as tert-butoxy carbonyl group and ethoxy ethyl group, dependence of activation energy on protecting ratio was small. On the other hands, for bulky protecting group such as naphtoxy group protecting ratio significantly affect the activation energy probably due to the effect of steric hindrance. Also, the deterioration of resist sensitivity was observed with increase of protecting ratio while the dissolution slope increase with increase of protecting ratio. A slight difference in Rmax was observed due to the difference of resulting products because it is not chemically identical to polyhydroxystyrene (PHS) because of side reaction occurred during post exposure bake (PEB). Also, Rmin decreased with increase of protecting ratio. Thus, the dissolution rates and sensitivity were more affected by changing the protection ratio of polymer than the type of protecting group.
Transcriptional regulation of tenascin genes (2015)

Extracellular matrix proteins of the tenascin family resemble each other in their domain structure, and also share functions in modulating cell adhesion and cellular responses to growth factors. Despite these common features, the 4 vertebrate tenascins exhibit vastly different expression patterns. Tenascin-R is specific to the central nervous system. Tenascin-C is an "oncofetal" protein controlled by many stimuli (growth factors, cytokines, mechanical stress), but with restricted occurrence in space and time. In contrast, tenascin-X is a constituitive component of connective tissues, and its level is barely affected by external factors. Finally, the expression of tenascin-W is similar to that of tenascin-C but even more limited. In accordance with their highly regulated expression, the promoters of the tenascin-C and -W genes contain TATA boxes, whereas those of the other 2 tenascins do not. This article summarizes what is currently known about the complex transcriptional regulation of the 4 tenascin genes in development and disease.
Polymer Nanomedicines with Ph-Sensitive Release of Dexamethasone for the Localized Treatment of Inflammation (2020)

Polymer-drug conjugates have several advantages in controlled drug delivery to inflammation as they can accumulate and release the drug in inflamed tissues or cells, which could circumvent the shortcomings of current therapy. To improve the therapeutic potential of polymer-drug conjugates in joint inflammation, we synthesized polymer conjugates based on <i>N</i>-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) copolymers labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent dye and covalently linked to the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DEX). The drug was bound to the polymer via a spacer enabling pH-sensitive drug release in conditions mimicking the environment inside inflammation-related cells. An in vivo murine model of adjuvant-induced arthritis was used to confirm the accumulation of polymer conjugates in arthritic joints, which occurred rapidly after conjugate application and remained until the end of the experiment. Several tested dosage schemes of polymer DEX-OPB conjugate showed superior anti-inflammatory efficacy. The highest therapeutic effect was obtained by repeated i.p. application of polymer conjugate (3 × 1 mg/kg of DEX eq.), which led to a reduction in the severity of inflammation in the ankle by more than 90%, compared to 40% in mice treated with free DEX.
The abscopal effect: efficacy of radiotherapy in patients on progression after treatment with ipilimumab 3 mg/kg (2013)

Meeting abstracts After more than 30 years, Ipilimumab was the first agent which showed a survival benefit for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, only about the 20% of patients have a long-term survival benefit. The combination of ipilimumab with other therapies might improve its
Utilizacion de materiales abundantes en el planeta para una remediacion electrocatalitica sostenible de nitrato en agua. (2020)

International audience
Hemoperitoneum secondary to rupture of a superficial uterine artery overlying a subserous myoma with no predisposing factors in a young woman (2013)

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids, myomas) are common pelvic tumors in women of reproductive age [1], whereas spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to uterine leiomyoma is extremely rare [2]. The origin of spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage of uterine myomas is often derived from veins, and may cause anemia and hypovolemic shock afterward [3]. From the perspective of gynecology, hemoperitoneum is usually caused by ectopic pregnancy, ruptured corpus luteum, or adnexal torsion [4e6], and the bleeding is usually venous in origin and can be severe or even life threatening. The diagnosis is often delayed to the time of operation. Recently, we encountered a case of spontaneous hemorrhage of hemoperitoneum resulting from a uterine leiomyoma in a young woman. This hemorrhage was secondary to a spontaneous rupture of a superficial uterine artery overlying a subserous myoma without any predisposing factors. A 22-year-old woman, gravida 0, with no gynecologic or medical condition, surgery, or prior sexual experience, was sent to the emergency department with a sudden onset of acute abdominal pain that was accompanied by bilateral shoulder pain. The patient’s last menstruation occurred 7 days before she presented to the emergency department. No trauma or other associated gastrointestinal or genitourinary system problems were noted. Urine pregnancy test was negative. Examination revealed an afebrile woman in moderate distress (blood pressure: 90/ 60 mmHg; pulse rate: 96 beats/min). Hemoglobin measured 10.6 g/dL. Transabdominal ultrasound showed excessive free fluid at the Morrison pouch and the Douglas pouch, as well as
DOP48 Key Anti-Inflammatory Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is Heterogeneous and Diverse in the East and West and in Health and Crohn’s disease. The ENIGMA study. (2023)

Abstract Background There is insufficient knowledge about the key characteristics of the pathogenic and protective bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. The ENIGMA study aimed to identify the phylogenetic and functional characteristics of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, considered a protective “anti-inflammatory” bacterium, in both health and Crohn’s disease in populations in the West (high Crohn’s incidence) and Hong Kong (rapidly increasing Crohn’s incidence). Methods Total DNA was extracted from tissue (right colon and terminal ileum) and stool collected from case-control cohorts in Hong Kong (n=51; 30 Crohn’s, 21 controls) and Australia (n=49; 29 Crohn’s, 20 controls). In parallel, the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) for each subject was cultured from anaerobically preserved tissue. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to characterise the stool and colonic MAM, augmented with 16S rRNA gene profiling and F. prausnitzii qPCR. The HUMANn3 and/or QIIME2 packages were used for the taxonomic and/or functional characterisation of the datasets. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAG) were also produced from colonic MAM datasets using the MetaWRAP pipeline, and taxonomy deduced using the Genome Taxonomy Database-Tool kit (GTDB-tk). Results F. prausnitzii was detected in all case-control cohorts from Hong Kong and Australia. However, the prevalence was greater for the colonic MAM cultures of the Australian subjects, which provided 24/32 high-quality Faecalibacterium-affiliated MAG. No less than 6 different species-level lineages were predicted by GTDB-tk, and a similar phylogeny predicted using the gene encoding immunomodulatory peptides (mam). Functional features for the MAG from Crohn’s disease and control subjects were compared, and genes involved with histidine, riboflavin, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and oxidoreductases were enriched in the control subject MAG. In contrast, MAG derived from Crohn’s disease subjects possessed more functions putatively assigned to antibiotic resistance mechanisms and other protective functions. Differences were also observed in the carbohydrate-active enzyme profiles of the MAG recovered from Crohn’s disease and control subjects. Conclusion The populations of F. prausnitzii recovered from the colonic mucosa associated microbiota are both diverse and vary between Crohn’s disease and control subjects in both countries. The differences include metabolic and physiological characteristics. Therapeutic modification of F. prausnitzii needs to consider phylogenetic and functional characteristics. The ENIGMA study is supported by a grant from the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
Authentication schemes from actions on graphs, groups, or rings. (2010)

Abstract. We propose a couple of general ways of constructing authentication schemes from actions of a semigroup on a set, without exploiting any specific algebraic properties of the set acted upon. Then we give several concrete realizations of this general idea, and in particular, we describe several authentication schemes with long-term private keys where forgery (a.k.a. impersonation) is NP-hard. Computationally hard problems that can be employed in these realizations include Graph Colorability, Diophantine Problem, and many others. To Nikolai Alexandrovitch Shanin with deepest appreciation 1.
A Dual-Supply 4GHz 13fJ/bit/search 64ձ28b CAM in 65nm CMOS (2006)

This paper describes a 64times128b content-addressable-memory (CAM) for 4GHz operation in 1.2V 65nm CMOS technology. A full rail, dual supply, level converter free global bitline accelerator technique results in 21% reduction in search power with iso-performance over optimized high-performance conventional implementation, enabling 13fJ/bit/search operation
A Computerized Anesthesia Database (1989)

The collection of anesthesia related information in an organized fashion and the subsequent analysis of the data assist in the maintenance of quality anesthesia care. We have created and implemented a computerized anesthesia database that utilizes an IBM personal computer. We are now able to easily and accurately monitor the anesthesia practices of our large university anesthesia program. We recommend the wide adaptation of systems such as ours to all departments, from the small private hospital to the large university center.
Contrast-Enhanced, Molecular Imaging of Vascular Inflammation in the Mouse Model by Simultaneous PET/MRI (2019)

Abstract Despite advances in diagnosis and management, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the US. Atherosclerosis is the most common form of CVD and the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques to rupture is a primary determinant for risk of catastrophic ischemic events. Current imaging of atherosclerotic disease focuses on assessing plaque size and the degree of luminal stenosis, which are not good predictors of plaque stability. Functional methods to identify biomarkers of inflammation in plaques could facilitate assessment of plaque instability to allow early intervention. In this study, we validate the use of a purpose-built, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible positron emission tomography (PET) insert for multimodal, molecular imaging of vulnerable plaques in mice. We illustrate the application of PET to screen for inflamed regions to guide the application of MRI. Molecular MRI visualizes regions of vascular inflammation and is coupled with anatomical MRI to generate detailed maps of the inflammatory marker within the context of an individual vessel. As a testbed for this imaging methodology, we developed a multimodal, iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) targeting vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) for simultaneous PET/MRI of vascular inflammation performed on a mouse carotid ligation model. In vitro cell studies confirmed that the NPs are not cytotoxic to liver cells. In vivo simultaneous PET/MRI imaging identified regions of inflammation. Three-dimensional rendering of the MRI data facilitated high-resolution visualization of patterns of inflammation along the injured vessel. Histology validated the co-localization of the NPs with VCAM-1 expression at sites of induced inflammation. The results of this work validate the utility of the simultaneous PET/MR insert as a research tool for small animals and lays groundwork to further advance the potential clinical utility of integrated imaging systems.
[O2–15–02]: THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF PD‐1 IMMUNE CHECKPOINT BLOCKADE IN TAU AND AMYLOID‐BETA MOUSE MODELS OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is associated with unresolved chronic neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, while immunosuppressive drugs have failed in the clinic in treating this disease, recruitment of monocytes-derived macrophages to the central nervous system (CNS) was shown to play a beneficial role in limiting disease pathology. Here, we hypothesized that systemic immune suppression might curtail the ability to mount the protective, cell-mediated immune responses that are needed for brain repair. We used the 5XFAD and human-tau (htau) double-mutant (K257T/P301S) mouse models, and tested the effect on pathology of immune checkpoint blockade directed against the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway. We show in 5XFAD mice that immune checkpoint blockade directed against the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway results in an IFN-gamma-dependant systemic immune response, which is followed by the recruitment of myeloid cells to the brain. When induced in mice with established pathology, PD-1 blockade leads to clearance of cerebral amyloid-beta plaques, improved cognitive performance and neuronal rescue. We further examined the effect of PD-1 blockade in the human-tau (htau) double-mutant (K257T/P301S) mouse model, demonstrating that PD-1 blockade results in improved cognitive performance in this non-amyloid AD mouse model. Our findings suggest that much like the situation in cancer immunotherapy, in order to mobilize immune cells to fight pathology, peripheral immunity should be boosted, rather than suppressed. Taken together, these findings identify immune checkpoint blockade as a novel therapeutic strategy for AD and, potentially, for other neurodegenerative diseases.
Reference Ranges for Testosterone in Men Generated Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry in a Community-Based Sample of Healthy Nonobese Young Men in the Framingham Heart Study and Applied to Three Geographically Distinct Cohorts (2011)

Reference ranges generated in a community-based sample of men provide a rational basis for categorizing testosterone levels as low or normal. Men with low TT or FT by these criteria had higher prevalence of physical dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, and diabetes. These reference limits should be validated prospectively in relation to incident outcomes and in randomized trials.
Fluctuating Pressure Gradients in Heated Supersonic Jets (2016)

A combined experimental and computational study has been conducted to examine the behavior of fluctuation pressure gradients in heated supersonic jets. This quantity is closely related to the behavior of acoustic noise sources in the jets studied and also indicates some of the links between the hydrodynamic field in the jet and the hydrodynamic/acoustic near field immediately around the jet. Results from a model scale experiment revealed acceleration variance, which is directly linked to pressure gradient variance in the limits of high Reynolds number, that was similar in magnitude for both stream-wise and radial pressure gradients. Computations provided more detail that could be obtained from the experiments and reveal a field of rich dynamics in the pressure gradient variance fields. The results of both experiments and computations are largely consistent, although the computations exhibit more anisotropy of the variance in the stream-wise and radial gradients, particularly in the core of the jet. A key difference between experiments and computations occurs at the apparent origin of Mach wave radiation in the flow. Computations reveal an intense region of stream-wise pressure gradient variance that is not reflected in flow stream-wise acceleration variance along the lip line. Close inspection reveals that this peak region lies closer to the axis than the lip line, likely explaining the difference. It is to note that the close relationship between the region identified in the computations with high stream-wise pressure gradient variance and the Mach wave radiation region may provide a method to correlate hydrodynamic flow features (stream-wise pressure gradient or acceleration fluctuations) to the radiated field in those directions.
Metrology source for high-resolution heterodyne interferometer laser gauges (1998)

We describe the development, functional performance, and space-qualification status of a Metrology Source suitable for implementation of space-based metrology systems with picometer-level relative displacement measurement and micron-level absolute displacement measurement resolution. The Metrology Source consists of the following components: lasers, frequency stabilization system, frequency shifters, and frequency modulators. All components are interconnected by polarization maintaining fibers to facilitate integration into a lightweight space-qualifiable module.
Microbiota Modulation of Myeloid Cells in Cancer (2015)

Myeloid cells representa major component of the tumormicroenvironment, where they play divergent dual roles. They can induce antitumor immune responses, but mostly they promote immune evasion, tumor progression, and metastasis formation. Thus, strategies aiming at reprogramming the tumor microenvironment represent a promising immunotherapy approach. Myeloid cells respond to environmental factors including signals derived from commensal microbes. In this Cancer Immunology at the Crossroads overview, we discuss recent advances on the effects of the commensal microbiota on myeloid-cell functions and how they affect the response to cancer therapy. Cancer Immunol
Antigen/Adjuvant-Displaying Enveloped Viral Replica as a Self-Adjuvanting Anti-Breast-Cancer Vaccine Candidate (2023)

We report a promising cancer vaccine candidate comprising antigen/adjuvant-displaying enveloped viral replica as a novel vaccine platform. The artificial viral capsid, which consists of a self-assembled β-annulus peptide conjugated with an HER2-derived antigenic CH401 peptide, was enveloped within a lipid bilayer containing the lipidic adjuvant α-GalCer. The use of an artificial viral capsid as a scaffold enabled precise control of its size to ∼100 nm, which is generally considered to be optimal for delivery to lymph nodes. The encapsulation of the anionically charged capsid by a cationic lipid bilayer dramatically improved its stability and converted its surface charge to cationic, enhancing its uptake by dendritic cells. The developed CH401/α-GalCer-displaying enveloped viral replica exhibited remarkable antibody-production activity. This study represents a pioneering example of precise vaccine design through bottom-up construction and opens new avenues for the development of effective vaccines.
309 High cycle fatigue properties of notched die cast AM60 magnesium alloy (2009)

Four-point bending fatigue test has been conducted to evaluate the effect of stress concentration factor on the fatigue properties of notched die-cast AM60 magnesium alloy. Notched specimens were tested with stress concentration factors ranging from 2.95 to 1.57. As the stress concentration factor increased from 1.57 to 2.55, the fatigue strength decreased from 75 MPa to 45 MPa. Further increase in stress concentration factor did not affect the fatigue strength. Fracture surface observation reveals that, the fatigue crack initiated at the notch tip. No casting porosity was observed near the crack nucleation region, indicating that casting defects, which were often found in the middle region of specimen thickness, did not influences the foregoing test results.
Catalysis of direct methanol electro-oxidation in buffered electrolytes: Final report for the period July 15, 1983 to January 14, 1987. [Methanol-air fuel cell] (1987)

Aqueous potassium carbonate-potassium bicarbonate solutions were evaluated as electrolytes for the direct oxidation of methanol. The potassium carbonate-potassium bicarbonate electrolyte was examined at temperatures from 80 to 175/sup 0/C and steam pressures up to 6 atmospheres. Pt/Ni, Pt/MoS/sub 2/, Pt/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Pt/Ru and Pt/Sn were identified as potential catalysts for the direct oxidation of methanol in a potassium carbonate-potassium bicarbonate electrolyte. Evaluation of these materials in half cells at temperatures of 175/sup 0/C indicated potential stability problems with long term use. A preliminary evaluation of oxygen reduction in the potassium carbonate-potassium bicarbonate electrolyte showed that the performance of a methanol-air fuel cell would be limited by the activity of the cathode. 29 figs.
Patterns of metastatic disease progression after treatment with first-line enzalutamide or abiraterone in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2016)

e16539 Background: Abiraterone (A) and enzalutamide (E) are life-prolonging treatments for metastatic CRPC, yet their potent activity against the androgen receptor (AR) axis often yields tumors that have undergone transformation to a more clinically resistant state, making these tumors refractory to further androgen-directed therapies at the time of progression. Potential mechanisms for such transformation include neuroendocrine differentiation, expression of splice variants, and a shift to alternative non-AR signaling pathways. Based on accumulating clinical observations, we hypothesized that men treated with first-line A or E may have increased visceral metastasis at the time of disease progression compared to their baseline. Methods: We retrospectively examined patterns of metastatic disease in patients with CRPC who were docetaxel-naïve and treated with first-line A or E at our institution from 2012-2015. Baseline clinical and disease characteristics were compared using descriptive statistics and t-tests. Pre- and post-treatment proportions of site-specific metastases were compared using McNemar’s test of paired proportions. Preliminary comparisons between A- and E-treated patients were made. Results: 83 consecutive men were included; 26 received first-line E over a median of 8.6 months, and 57 received first-line A over a median of 7.6 months. At baseline, 77% of patients had bone, 43% had lymph node, 10.8% had lung, and 2.4% had liver metastasis. Of the 83 patients, 78 have experienced radiographic progression to date. Increased proportions of post-treatment lymph node metastases (43% pre vs 58% post, p = 0.004) and bone metastases (77% pre vs 88% post, p = 0.012) were seen. The percent of men with liver metastases increased 4-fold after progression on A or E (2.4% pre vs 9.6% post, p = 0.031). Conclusions: Increased proportion of liver metastasis after progression on first-line A or E raise the possibility that CRPC is being driven to clinically aggressive disease in some patients. Future work will attempt to link these clinical outcomes with biomarkers (such as AR-V7 expression or neuroendocrine phenotypes). Updated information will be presented.