gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Crack Propagation Influenced by Laser Shock Peening Introduced Residual Stress Fields in Aluminium Specimens (2019)

Laser Shock Peening (LSP) enables the generation and modification of residual stresses deep below the surface of metallic components. LSP-induced residual stress profiles provide penetration depths of compressive residual stresses in mm range, which can be used to retard the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) within thin sheets. These compressive residual stresses may lead to crack closure at significant applied tensile loads. This crack closure phenomenon is assumed to be one of the dominant mechanisms to reduce the load range at the crack tip, resulting in a fatigue crack retardation. This work provides an experimental and numerical investigation of the FCP in AA6056 based on C(T)100 specimens. Residual stresses were introduced by two-sided LSP treatment of the sheet material. The resulting residual stresses were determined by the incremental hole drilling method with electronic speckle pattern interferometry. The residual stress measurements on both sides of the specimens reveal differences of the residual stresses due to the laser shock peening process design. The occurrence of crack closure was evaluated by crack opening displacement vs. load curves, which can be used to determine the crack opening force. A multi-step simulation is applied to predict the residual stress field, the stress intensity factor range and rate if residual and applied stresses are present simultaneously as well as the FCP rate. Numerical predictions and measurements of the FCP rates are in excellent agreement.
Experimental test of an analytical model of aberration in an oil-immersion objective lens used in three-dimensional light microscopy (1991)

Oil-immersion microscope objective lenses have been designed and optimized for the study of thin, two-dimensional object sections that are mounted immediately below the coverslip in a medium that is index matched to the immersion oil. It has been demonstrated both experimentally and through geometrical- and physical-optics theory that, when the microscope is not used with the correct coverslip or immersion oil, when the detector is not located at the optimal plane in image space, or when the object does not satisfy specific conditions, aberration will degrade both the contrast and the resolution of the image. In biology the most severe aberration is introduced when an oil-immersion objective lens is used to study thick specimens, such as living cells and tissues, whose refractive indices are significantly different from that of the immersion oil. We present a model of the three-dimensional imaging properties of a fluorescence light microscope subject to such aberration and compare the imaging properties predicted by the model with those measured experimentally. The model can be used to understand and compensate for aberration introduced to a microscope system under nondesign optical conditions so that both confocal laser scanning microscopy and optical serial sectioning microscopy can be optimized.
Modeling of Transition Metal Redistribution to Enable Wafer Design for Gettering (2000)

We use standard solubility relations and diffusion‐limited rate equations to create a model for the gettering of Fe in silicon. The model employs experimentally determined values for diffusivity, ion pairing, binding potentials, and precipitate densities. The model provides a means to evaluate the relative effectiveness of solubility enhancement induced segregation gettering, internal gettering (IG), precipitation, and back‐side gettering outdiffusion. The materials variables are p‐type doping level, density of bulk IG sites, and back‐side IG site density. From this work, an understanding of the interactions of the various gettering mechanisms is developed. We follow the contaminant concentration at various positions in the wafer as a function of time and temperature. Negative temperature ramps are modeled to simulate the inevitable cooling step following high‐temperature processing. The results indicate that segregation from epitaxial layers to heavily doped substrates brings orders of magnitude improvement in Fe removal over IG alone and that segregation is effective in reducing contamination levels even when initial contamination levels are very low. The best gettering occurs when IG sites work together with segregation. A well‐designed wafer has a high density of IG sites to accelerate equilibration during cooling and to enhance mass transport from the segregation interface. Higher p‐doping levels in the substrate enhance the segregation coefficient, creating a steeper gradient of [Fe] from the front surface, and slower cooling allows for the greatest amount of equilibration to occur and therefore the most effective Fe gettering. A time‐temperature‐transformation diagram approach is introduced to provide a comprehensive description of the wafer and process design parameters for effective gettering. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Functional brain imaging at 9.4T (2016)

Our presentation will be divided into two parts. Klaus Scheffler will give an overview on current possibilities and application of functional brain imaging on humans at 9.4T. He will focus on challenges in RF technology and will present novel MRI approaches to study brain activity based on balanced steady states. Furthermore, we will report on our novel integrated micro coils that are designed to assess very rapid changes in the local MR signal. In a second part, Gabriele Lohmann will present a new data analysis algorithm that is designed to identify time series of voxels in an fMRI image that collectively synchronize in response to a task. At the heart of this approach is the concept of spatially localized and task-induced edge density motivating us to call this algorithm "TED" (Task-induced Edge Density). We show first results of TED applied to fMRI data acquired at 9.4 Tesla which revealed widespread task-related brain activation that evaded detection using traditional approaches.
Effect of C7+ Properties on Equation-of-State Predictions (1984)

Abstract This work studies the effect of heptanes-plus (C7+) characterization on equation-of-state (EOS) predictions. Both the Peng-Robinson EOS (PREOS) and a modified Redlich-Kwong EOS are used. Several characterization schemes found in the literature are used in the study. Six reservoir fluids with extended C7+ analysis have been chosen, representing a broad range of compositions and PVT data. First, the study deals with methods for estimating specific gravities and boiling points of petroleum fractions, two properties usually required by critical property correlations. EOS predictions arc made by using critical properties based on specific gravities and boiling points measured experimentally and estimated with correlations. Next, a review of critical-property correlations is given, including a review of commonly used correlations. Four correlations are chosen to study the effect of critical properties on EOS predictions. Results indicate that relatively small differences in critical properties and acentric factor can result in significant differences in EOS predictions. Finally, a study is made of the effect that adjustments in C7+ critical properties Have on EOS predictions; adjustments of EOS constants (Ωa and Ωb) and binary interaction coefficients also are studied. The influence of individual and combined adjustments to C7+ properties are illustrated graphically. They provide qualitative guidelines that can be used when matching experimental PVT data with an EOS.
Predicting product life expectancy of the LabTecta bearing protector (2014)

This article examines the statistical life expectancy of the LabTecta bearing protector – a non-contacting labyrinth bearing seal – supplied by Aesseal Plc over a seven-year period. The objective of this analysis is to statistically determine the life expectancy, hence product reliability, of this bearing protector based on field service performance data. To that effect, the co-authors used widely accepted probability techniques.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) models in drug discovery (2017)

The progressive disease spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a rapidly emerging public health crisis with no approved therapy. The diversity of various therapies under development highlights the lack of consensus around the most effective target, underscoring the need for better translatable preclinical models to study the complex progressive disease and effective therapies. Areas covered: This article reviews published literature of various mouse models of NASH used in preclinical studies, as well as complex organotypic in vitro and ex vivo liver models being developed. It discusses translational challenges associated with both kinds of models, and describes some of the studies that validate their application in NAFLD. Expert opinion: Animal models offer advantages of understanding drug distribution and effects in a whole body context, but are limited by important species differences. Human organotypic in vitro and ex vivo models with physiological relevance and translatability need to be used in a tiered manner with simpler screens. Leveraging newer technologies, like metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, and the future development of validated disease biomarkers will allow us to fully utilize the value of these models to understand disease and evaluate novel drugs in isolation or combination.
Ten-Year Retrospective of the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology Chemical Synthesis Core (2021)

Chemical synthesis has been described as a central science. Its practice provides access to the chemical structures of known and/or designed function. In particular, human health is greatly impacted by synthesis that enables advancements in both basic science discoveries in chemical biology as well as translational research that can lead to new therapeutics. To support the chemical synthesis needs of investigators across campus, the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology established a chemical synthesis core as part of its foundation in 2008. Provided in this Review are examples of synthetic products, known and designed, produced in the core over the past 10 years.
Widely Tunable Mid-IR, High Signal-to-Noise Frequency Comb based Fourier Transform Spectrometer (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text V. S. de Oliveira, A. Ruehl, P. Maslowski, and I. Hartl, "Widely Tunable Mid-IR, High Signal-to-Noise Frequency Comb based Fourier Transform Spectrometer," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper SW4J.3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Recent developments in monoclonal antibody radiolabeling techniques (1989)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have shown the potential to serve as selective carriers of radionuclides to specific in vivo antigens. Accordingly, there has been an intense surge of research activity in an effort to develop and evaluate MAb-based radiopharmaceuticals for tumor imaging (radioimmunoscintigraphy) and therapy (radioimmunotherapy), as well as for diagnosing nonmalignant diseases. A number of problems have recently been identified, related to the MAbs themselves and to radiolabeling techniques, that comprise both the selectivity and the specificity of the in vivo distribution of radiolabeled MAbs. This paper will address some of these issues and primarily discuss recent developments in the techniques for radiolabeling monoclonal antibodies that may help resolve problems related to the poor in vivo stability of the radiolabel and may thus produce improved biodistribution. Even though many issues are identical with therapeutic radionuclides, the discussion will focus mainly on radioimmunoscintigraphic labels. 78 refs., 6 tabs.
Effect of Fatigue on Knee Proprioception: Implications for Dynamic Stabilization (2001)

The high incidence of injuries that occur later during a session of sports or recreational activities suggests that fatigue may contribute to altered neuromuscular control of the lower limb and an individual's subsequent altered ability to dynamically stabilize the knee joint. One possible mechanism is a fatigue-mediated alteration in proprioception. This paper reviews experimental evidence of fatigue-induced changes in knee joint position sense and movement sense, or kinesthesia. We will discuss the possible physiological mechanisms behind these changes, including the role of joint and muscle receptors in proprioception and neuromuscular control of the knee, and the role of fatigue in changes in afferent output from muscle and joint receptors. We will then explore the implications that alteration in proprioception may have for dynamic stabilization of the knee joint.
A Micromachined Coupled-Cantilever for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (2018)

This paper presents a demonstration of the feasibility of fabricating micro-cantilever harvesters with extended stress distribution and enhanced bandwidth by exploiting an M-shaped two-degrees-of-freedom design. The measured mechanical response of the fabricated device displays the predicted dual resonance peak behavior with the fundamental peak at the intended frequency. This design has the features of high energy conversion efficiency in a miniaturized environment where the available vibrational energy varies in frequency. It makes such a design suitable for future large volume production of integrated self powered sensors nodes for the Internet-of-Things.
Crystal structure of the Redβ C-terminal domain in complex with λ Exonuclease reveals an unexpected homology with λ Orf and an interaction withEscherichia colisingle stranded DNA binding protein (2018)

Bacteriophage λ encodes a DNA recombination system that includes a 5′-3′ exonuclease (λ Exo) and a single strand annealing protein (Redβ). The two proteins form a complex that is thought to mediate loading of Redβ directly onto the single-stranded 3′-overhang generated by λ Exo. Here, we present a 2.3 Å crystal structure of the λ Exo trimer bound to three copies of the Redβ C-terminal domain (CTD). Mutation of residues at the hydrophobic core of the interface disrupts complex formation in vitro and impairs recombination in vivo. The Redβ CTD forms a three-helix bundle with unexpected structural homology to phage λ Orf, a protein that binds to E. coli single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) to function as a recombination mediator. Based on this relationship, we found that Redβ binds to full-length SSB, and to a peptide corresponding to its nine C-terminal residues, in an interaction that requires the CTD. These results suggest a dual role of the CTD, first in binding to λ Exo to facilitate loading of Redβ directly onto the initial single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) at a 3′-overhang, and second in binding to SSB to facilitate annealing of the overhang to SSB-coated ssDNA at the replication fork.
Network for Biomarker Immunoprofiling for Cancer Immunotherapy: Cancer Immune Monitoring and Analysis Centers and Cancer Immunologic Data Commons (CIMAC-CIDC) (2021)

This overview highlights strategies for assay harmonization to enable cross-trial and cross-site data analysis and describes key elements for establishing a network to enhance immuno-oncology biomarker development. These include an operational infrastructure, validation and harmonization of core immunoprofiling assays, platforms for data ingestion and integration, and access to specimens from clinical trials. Published in the same volume are reports of harmonization for core analyses: whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, cytometry by time of flight, and IHC/immunofluorescence.
Strain Measurement of Pure Titanium Covered With Soft Tissue Using X-Ray Diffraction (2010)

Measurement of the stress and strain applied to implants and bone tissue in the human body are important for fracture prediction and evaluations of implant adaptation. The strain of titanium (Ti) materials can be measuring by X-ray diffraction techniques. This study applied X-ray diffraction to the skin tissue-covered Ti. Characteristic X-rays of Mo Kalpha were used and the X-rays diffracted from the Ti were detected through the covering skin tissue. The X-ray absorption by skin tissue is large under the diffracted X-rays detected in low angles because the length of penetration depends on the angle of inclination, equal to the Bragg angle. The effects of skin tissue to detect the diffracted X-rays were investigated in the experiments. And the strain measurements were conducted under bending loads applied to the Ti specimen. The effect of skin tissue was absorption of X-rays as well as the X-rays scattered from the physiological saline contained in the tissue. The X-rays scattered by the physiological saline creates a specific background pattern near the peaks from the (002) and (011) lattice planes of Ti in the X-ray diffraction profile. Diffracted X-rays from the Ti were detected after being transmitted through 1 mm thick skin tissue by Mo Kalpha. Individual peaks such as (010), (002), (011), and (110) were clearly established by using a parallel beam arrangement. The strains of (110) lattice planes were measured with or without the tissue cover were very similar. The strain of the (110) lattice planes of Ti could be measured by Mo Kalpha when the Ti specimen was located under the skin tissue.
Supplementary Figures and Tables from XIAP Regulation by MNK Links MAPK and NFκB Signaling to Determine an Aggressive Breast Cancer Phenotype (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primers used in this study, alignment of probesets used for detection of XIAP expression on XIAP mRNA, GSEA network graphic of XIAP-dependent mRNA expression, heat maps of genes positively and negatively correlated with XIAP expression, and analysis of in vivo tumor tissue from xenograft studies.&lt;/p&gt;
Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, subjective tilt, and motion sickness to head movements during short-radius centrifugation (2003)

Head movements made while the whole body is rotating at unusually high angular velocities (here with supine body position about an earth-vertical axis) result in inappropriate eye movements, sensory illusions, disorientation, and frequently motion sickness. We investigated the acquisition and retention of sensory adaptation to cross-coupled components of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) by asking eight subjects to make headturns while being rotated at 23 rpm on two consecutive days, and again a week later. The dependent measures were inappropriate vertical VOR, subjective tilt, and motion sickness in response to 90 degrees yaw out-of-plane head movements. Motion sickness was evaluated during and following exposure to rotation. Significant adaptation effects were found for the slow phase velocity of vertical nystagmus, the reported magnitude of the subjective tilt experienced during head turns, and motion-sickness scores. Retention of adaptation over a six-day rest period without rotation occurred, but was not complete for all measures. Adaptation of VOR was fully maintained while subjective tilt was only partially maintained and motion-sickness scores continued to decrease. Practical implications of these findings are discussed with particular emphasis on artificial gravity, which could be produced in weightlessness by means of a short-radius (2 m) rotator.
Nuclear Factor of Activated T‐cells (NFAT) regulates osteopontin expression in arterial smooth muscle in response to diabetes‐induced hyperglycemia (2010)

Hyperglycemia is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Recently we reported that high glucose activates the transcription factor NFAT in arteries ex vivo . Here, we investigate if hyperglycemia activates NFAT in vivo and whether this leads to vascular complications. Intra peritoneal glucose tolerance test in mice increased NFATc3 nuclear accumulation in vascular smooth muscle. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetes augmented NFATc3 transcriptional activity in arteries of NFAT‐luciferase transgenic mice. Two NFAT responsive sequences were identified in the promoter of the proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin (OPN), known to exacerbate atherosclerosis and restenosis. Activation of NFAT resulted in higher OPN mRNA and protein in native arteries. Glucose‐induced OPN expression was prevented by the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A, the NFAT blocker A‐285222 or the ectonucleotidase apyrase, suggesting a mechanism involving the release of extracellular nucleotides. Further, diabetes resulted in higher OPN expression, which was significantly decreased by in vivo treatment with A‐285222 for 4 weeks or prevented in arteries from NFATc3 −/− mice. These results identify a novel molecular mechanism underlying vascular complications of diabetes. Funding: Swedish Heart &amp; Lung Foundations
Synthesis and properties of poly(sulfone‐arylate) copolymers (2009)

Abstract Poly(sulfone‐arylate) was synthesized in a reaction between dihydroxy polysulfone prepolymers and either diphenyl terephthalate or terephthaloyl chloride. The dihydroxy polysulfone prepolymers had molecular weights of 2000 and 4000 g/mol. The polymerization with diphenyl terephthalate was carried out at high temperature (280 °C) in the presence of a catalyst, whereas the polymerization with terephthalic chloride was conducted in solution at low temperature in the presence of an acid acceptor. High‐molecular weight copolymers (η inh ∼ 0.60 dL/g) could be obtained through both methods. The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, DMA, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements and were found to exhibit high T g values. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3904–3913, 2009
Highly Attenuated Rabies Virus–Based Vaccine Vectors Expressing Simian‐Human Immunodeficiency Virus89.6PEnv and Simian Immunodeficiency Virusmac239Gag Are Safe in Rhesus Macaques and Protect from an AIDS‐Like Disease (2007)

We analyzed the safety and immunogenicity of attenuated rabies virus vectors expressing simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-1(89.6P) Env or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)(mac239) Gag in rhesus macaques. Four test macaques were immunized with both vaccine constructs, and 2 control macaques received an empty rabies vector. Seroconversion against rabies virus glycoprotein (G) and SHIV(89.6P) Env was detected after the initial immunization, but no cellular responses against SHIV antigens were observed. HIV/SIV-specific immune responses were not enhanced by boosts with the same vectors. Therefore, we constructed vectors expressing SHIV(89.6P) Env and SIV(mac239) Gag in which the rabies G was replaced with the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Two years after initial immunization, a boost with the rabies-VSV G vectors resulted in SIV/HIV-specific immune responses. Upon challenge with SHIV(89.6P) test macaques controlled the infection, whereas control macaques had high levels of viremia and a profound loss of CD4(+) T cells, with 1 control macaque dying of an AIDS-like disease.
Adherence Pili in Avian Strains of Escherichia coli: Effect on Pathogenicity (1984)

Several pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from chickens and turkeys with severe colisepticemia. Electron microscopic examination showed that all these strains had thin pili (fimbriae) when grown at 37 C but not at 18 C. These pili facilitated adherence of the bacteria to chick tracheal epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. The role of these pili in pathogenicity was examined by comparing chicks infected intratracheally with piliated bacteria and chicks infected with non-piliated bacteria. The presence of adherence pili on the infecting bacteria affected both the number of chicks that developed disease and the severity of the disease.