gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Woody and Ambery Notes from Cedarwood and Turpentine Oil (2004)

The development of a new product in the chemical industry is still driven by needs like technical properties, price/performance ratio, biodegradability, or product safety. However, in terms of improving more and more on ecological criteria, summarized under such catchphrases as sustainable development or green chemistry, another important aspect is to use renewable resources as starting materials. This is not significantly new in fragrance chemistry, and there are a lot of raw materials in the perfume oils that are derived from molecules of renewable resources. Two commonly used materials are: longifolene (from turpentine oil) and cedrene (from cedarwood oil). These compounds are very suitable for the synthesis of woody and ambery notes, and even though it seemed that all possibilities were exhausted, it is actually still feasible to discover new molecules with excellent olfactory properties such as Ambrocenide (50a), which is available in three steps from alpha-cedrene. Some of these molecules will be treated in this review, both with respect to synthesis as well as structural and sensory aspects.
Decursin inhibits growth of human bladder and colon cancer cells via apoptosis, G1-phase cell cycle arrest and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation (2010)

Decursin, a pyranocoumarin isolated from the Korean Angelica gigas root, has demonstrated anti-cancer properties. In the present study, we found that decursin inhibited cell viability in cultured human urinary bladder cancer 235J cells and colon cancer HCT116 cells. The inhibited proliferation was due to apoptotic induction, because both cells treated with decursin dose-dependently showed a sub-G1 phase accumulation and an increased cytoplasmic DNA-histone complex. Cell death caused by decursin was also associated with the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic molecules cytochrome c, caspase 3 and Bax. Treatment of both types of cancer cells with decursin resulted in G1-phase cell cycle arrest, as revealed by FACS analyses. In addition, decursin increased protein levels of p21WAF1 with a decrease in cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). Furthermore, decursin induced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in both cancer cell lines, with the notable exceptions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase. Finally, pretreatment with ERK-specific inhibitor PD98059 reversed decursin-induced p21WAF1 expression and decursin-inhibited cell growth. Thus, these findings suggest that decursin has potential therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of bladder and colon cancer.
In vivo activation of a microtubule‐associated protein kinase during meiotic maturation of the Xenopus oocyte (1990)

We have characterized a serine/threonine protein kinase from Xenopus metaphase-II-blocked oocytes, which phosphorylates in vitro the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). The MAP2 kinase activity, undetectable in prophase oocytes, is activated during the progesterone-induced meiotic maturation (G2-M transition of the cell cycle). p-Nitrophenyl phosphate, a phosphatase inhibitor, is required to prevent spontaneous deactivation of the MAP2 kinase in crude preparations; conversely, the partially purified enzyme can be in vitro deactivated by the low-Mr polycation-stimulated (PCSL) phosphatase (also termed protein phosphatase 2A2), working as a phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-specific phosphatase and not as a phosphotyrosyl phosphatase indicating that phosphorylation of serine/threonine is necessary for its activity. S6 kinase, a protein kinase activated during oocyte maturation which phosphorylates in vitro ribosomal protein S6 and lamin C, can be deactivated in vitro by PCSL phosphatase. S6 kinase from prophase oocytes can also be activated in vitro in fractions known to contain all the factors necessary to convert pre-M-phase-promoting factor (pre-MPF) to MPF. Active MAP2 kinase can activate in vitro the inactive S6 kinase present in prophase oocytes or reactivate S6 kinase previously inactivated in vitro by PCSL phosphatase. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the MAP2 kinase is a link of the meiosis signalling pathway and is activated by a serine/threonine kinase. This will lead to the regulation of further steps in the cell cycle, such as microtubular reorganisation and S6 kinase activation.
Numerical Simulation of Electrochemical Planarization of Copper Overburden (2005)

Numerical simulations are employed to demonstrate the daunting challenges involved in utilizing electrochemical polishing technologies as an alternative to low-down-force chemical mechanical planarization. Results show that small-aspect-ratio topographical features sitting on a relatively thin overburden are impossible to planarize by conventional electropolishing. Electrochemical mechanical planarization (E-CMP), where an anodic dissolution process is coupled with a polishing pad, is a more viable approach. Numerical simulations are compared to results obtained by E-CMP as a means of establishing an effective diffusion-layer thickness and as further demonstration of the infeasibility of electropolishing.
Supplementary Data from Overall Survival in Malignant Glioma Is Significantly Prolonged by Neurosurgical Delivery of Etoposide and Temozolomide from a Thermo-Responsive Biodegradable Paste (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and Tables&lt;/p&gt;
Supported f-element complexes: surface chemistry and catalysis. Final report, August 15, 1984-January 14, 1986 (1986)

The goal of this project is to elucidate, via a coordinated chemical and spectroscopic investigation, the nature of species produced when organo-f-element complexes (and by inference, early transition metal complexes as well) are adsorbed on high surface area metal oxides. These species constitute some of the most active olefin hydrogenation catalysts yet discovered and are also highly active for ethylene polymerication. Catalytic hydrogenation studies have been expanded from initial Cp'/sub 2/MR/sub 2//propylene systems (Cp' = (CH/sub 3/)/sub 5/C/sub 5/, M = Th,U) to other olefins (for Cp'/sub 2/MR/sub 2/ catalysts, N/sub t/:propylene approx. =1-butene >> isobutylene), metal complexes (N/sub t/:Cp'MR/sub 3/ >> Cp'/sub 2/MR/sub 2/ > Me/sub 2/Si((CH/sub 3/)/sub 4/C/sub 5/)/sub 2/MR/sub 2/ >> Cp/sub 3/MR), and supports (for Cp/sub 2/MR/sub 2/ catalysts, N/sub t/:dehydroxylated Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ > partially dehydroxylated Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ >> dehydroxylated SiO/sub 2/). Mechanistic studies have included deuterium labelling, CO poisoning, and preliminary kinetic measurements.
Optimization of the Polymerization Parameters for Syndiotactic Polymerization of Styrene Using Supported Catalysts (2001)

The two catalytic systems Ti(OBu)4 and CpTiCl3 in combination with methylaluminoxane (MAO) were tested and compared in syndiotactic polymerization of styrene. In homogeneous conditions, CpTiCl3 gives higher productivities than Ti(OBu)4. The productivity of CpTiCl3 increases continuously with the Al/Ti ratio. On the contrary, confirming previous results, the productivity of Ti(OBu)4 presents an optimum for an Al/Ti ratio of about 230. To optimize the syndiotactic polymerization of styrene using these supported catalysts, different parameters were examined: we show that a high concentration of MAO for heterogeneous conditions is necessary to ensure a good reproducibility of the polymerization, the role of transfer agent of the MAO was then demonstrated. Polymerizations carried out at different temperatures show that 50°C is a good compromise: when the temperature is raised the productivity increases but the syndiotacticity drops. At 50°C, the productivity is high enough and the syndiotacticity is above 90%, at 60°C, the productivity is a little higher but the syndiotacticity drops below 90%. Increasing the temperature does not influence the molecular weights showing that supporting Ti(OBu)4 or CpTiCl3 will stabilize the active species. As hydrogen behaves as a transfer agent for the conventional Ziegler catalysts, we carried out some experiments adding hydrogen during the polymerization. Indeed, the molecular weights are lowered. The melting points of the polymers depend as expected on the syndiotacticity and in a lower extent on the molecular weights.
Spectral hole burning to probe the nature of unjamming (Payne effect) in particle-filled elastomers (2006)

The Payne effect is a low-strain hysteretic softening in particle-filled elastomers which we recognize as part of jamming physics. We find that aging at a fixed oscillatory strain produces a hole in the unjamming loss modulus spectrum which is localized near the aging strain for a silica-filled elastomer. This cannot be predicted by any existing Payne effect model. By applying the Einstein fluctuation-dissipation relation and comparing our findings to nonequilibrium glassy behavior, we show that oscillatory strain amplitude in particle-filled elastomers can be interpreted as an effective temperature.
Facile Access to 1,4-Disubstituted Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines from α-Aminoacetonitriles (2019)

An efficient and practical synthetic protocol for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives is described that originates from α-substituted pyrroloacetonitriles which, in turn, are readily available from aryl and alkyl aldehydes. The α-pyrroloacetonitriles were subjected to a Friedel–Crafts acylation with methyl chlorooxoacetate followed by reduction of the nitrile group under Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation conditions and finally aromatization with DDQ leading to the desired pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives. This method was generalized and successfully applied to various aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl substrates. The developed protocol provides direct and convenient access to 1,4-disubstituted ring systems in moderate to good overall yields (51–68%) without the need for purification of the intermediates. Further functionalization via the stepwise halogenation (bromination, iodination) and nitration was also demonstrated. In addition, the potential of the ester functionality for elaboration was demonstrated by manipulating into heterocyclic ring systems, exemplified by conversion into benzoxazole derivatives.
Vitamin C–dependent lysine demethylase 6 (KDM6)-mediated demethylation promotes a chromatin state that supports the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (2019)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)/progenitor cells (HPCs) are generated from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT); however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, using an array of approaches, including CRSPR/Cas9 gene knockouts, RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq, ATAC-Seq etc., we report that vitamin C (Vc) is essential in HPC generation during human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation in defined culture conditions. Mechanistically, we found that the endothelial cells generated in the absence of Vc fail to undergo the EHT because of an apparent failure in opening up genomic loci essential for hematopoiesis. Under Vc deficiency, these loci exhibited abnormal accumulation of histone H3 trimethylation at Lys-27 (H3K27me3), a repressive histone modification that arose because of lower activities of demethylases that target H3K27me3. Consistently, deletion of the two H3K27me3 demethylases, Jumonji domain-containing 3 (JMJD3 or KDM6B) and histone demethylase UTX (UTX or KDM6A), impaired HPC generation even in the presence of Vc. Furthermore, we noted that Vc and jmjd3 are also important for HSC generation during zebrafish development. Together, our findings reveal an essential role for Vc in the EHT for hematopoiesis, and identify KDM6-mediated chromatin demethylation as an important regulatory mechanism in hematopoietic cell differentiation.
Integrated Feasibility Experiment for Bio-Security (2001)

As part of MITRE's work under the DARPA TIDES (Translingual Information Detection, Extraction and Summarization) program, we are preparing a series of demonstrations to showcase the TIDES Integrated Feasibility Experiment on Bio-Security (IFE-Bio).
Microcavity InGaN light emitting diodes with a single Fabry‐Pérot mode (2008)

Abstract We report on InGaN microcavity light‐emitting diodes supporting a single Fabry‐Pérot mode with an effective thickness of 450 nm and a cavity order of 5 at the emission wavelength of 415 nm. The device is a simple asymmetric cavity structure bounded by a highly reflective mirror at the bottom and air at the top. The single Fabry‐Pérot mode alters the emission pattern, so that a larger fraction of the generated light can be coupled to the light extraction cone. The device is fabricated by utilizing flip‐chip bonding, laser lift‐off, dry‐etch thinning, mesa formation, and contact deposition processes. Of particular challenge in the processing is the high‐precision control of final microcavity thickness. The control of microcavity thickness afforded by our selective dry‐etch thinning method can be further complemented by photonic crystal patterning and roughening, leading to highest improvements in light extraction efficiency. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Novel Genetic Variation Through Altered zmm28 Expression Improves Maize Performance Under Abiotic Stress (2022)

We previously reported that extended and increased expression of the native maize gene zmm28 in maize resulted in transgenic events with greater grain yields under optimum field environments. Here we report additional positive impacts of altered zmm28 expression on improving yield stability of maize in the presence of the key abiotic stresses of water deficit and low nitrogen (N). Transgenic zmm28 elite hybrids were evaluated with their wild type (WT) comparators in multiple Managed Stress Environments (MSE), where a water deficit stress was imposed at flowering (FS) or during grain fill (GFS), or where N application was restricted (LN). Across 5 years of testing (2014–2018, 1600 comparisons, 80 hybrids, 43 locations), the ZmGos2-zmm28 lead event DP202216 increased yield relative to WT an average of 479 kg ha-1 (6.6%), 345 kg ha-1 (3.4%) and 166 kg ha-1 (2.0%) in FS, GFS and LN environments, respectively. Maximum observed yield response across 6–12 transgenic hybrids in a single location x year combination was 1181 kg ha-1 (13.9%), 860 kg ha-1 (9.4%) and 834 kg ha-1 (7.0%), relative to WT, for FS, GFS and LN, respectively. Another independent event, DP382118, provided similar yield improvements in the same environments, confirming overall confidence in the performance of the construct functional gene. In a separate genetic penetration study in 2018, DP202216 increased yield an average of 487 kg ha-1 (4.4%) over a combined set of GFS and FS locations, where 6 SS Bulk F3 populations were crossed with 6 diverse NSS testers (36 hybrids), confirming consistent positive yield responses across diverse germplasm under water-limited conditions. The improved yield stability of multiple elite ZmGos2-zmm28 transgenic hybrids demonstrated over multiple years of abiotic stress exposure indicates this novel transgenic variation can contribute to the sustainable intensification of maize production that will be required to address global yield gaps.
On the stable forms of carbon clusters produced in low pressure sputtering discharge (2019)

International audience
Automated reconstruction of tree structures using path classifiers and Mixed Integer Programming (2012)

Although tracing linear structures in 2D images and 3D image stacks has received much attention over the years, full automation remains elusive. In this paper, we formulate the delineation problem as one of solving a Quadratic Mixed Integer Program (Q-MIP) in a graph of potential paths, which can be done optimally up to a very small tolerance. We further propose a novel approach to weighting these paths, which results in a Q-MIP solution that accurately matches the ground truth. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms a state-of-the-art technique based on the k-Minimum Spanning Tree formulation on a 2D dataset of aerial images and a 3D dataset of confocal microscopy stacks.
Model-based gas leakage detection and isolation in a pressurized system via Laguerre spectrum analysis (2002)

This paper deals with gas-leakage detection and isolation in a fine coal injection vessel for a blast furnace process. Functions describing the expected time-domain behaviour of different leakages are developed, thus reducing the leakage isolation problem to pattern recognition. In order to lower the computational burden while preserving the essential dynamic behaviour of a leakage, a truncated Laguerre series representation is used. The generalized likelihood ratio method is employed to compare the Laguerre spectrum of the residual with the Laguerre spectra of the predefined typical leakage functions. Tests of the developed algorithm have been successfully performed at SSAB Tunnplat, Lulea.
A Fair and Scalable Power Control Scheme in Multi-cell Massive MIMO (2019)

This paper studies the transmit power optimization in a multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. To over-come the scalability issue of network-wide max-min fairness (NW-MMF), we propose a novel power control (PC) scheme. This scheme maximizes the geometric mean (GM) of the per-cell max-min spectral efficiency (SE). To solve this new optimization problem, we prove that it can be rewritten in a convex form and then solved using standard tools. To provide a fair comparison with the available utility functions in the literature, we solve the network-wide proportional fairness (NW-PF) PC as well. The NW-PF focuses on maximizing the sum SE, thereby ignoring fairness, but gives some extra attention to the weakest users. The simulation results highlight the benefits of our model which is balancing between NW-PF and NW-MMF.
Visualizing the Selectivity and Dynamics of Interferon Signaling In Vivo (2019)

Interferons (IFN) are pleiotropic cytokines essential for defense against infection, but the identity and tissue distribution of IFN-responsive cells in vivo are poorly defined. In this study, we generate a mouse strain capable of reporting IFN-signaling activated by all three types of IFNs and investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics and identity of IFN-responding cells following IFN injection and influenza virus infection. Despite ubiquitous expression of IFN receptors, cellular responses to IFNs are highly heterogenous in vivo and are determined by anatomical site, cell type, cellular preference to individual IFNs, and activation status. Unexpectedly, type I and II pneumocytes, the primary target of influenza infection, exhibit striking differences in the strength and temporal dynamics of IFN signaling associated with differential susceptibility to the viral infection. Our findings suggest that time- and cell-type-dependent integration of distinct IFN signals govern the specificity and magnitude of IFN responses in vivo.
Deficiency of the ribosome biogenesis gene Sbds in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells causes neutropenia in mice by attenuating lineage progression in myelocytes (2015)

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a congenital bone marrow failure disorder characterized by debilitating neutropenia. The disease is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the SBDS gene, implicated in ribosome biogenesis, but the cellular and molecular events driving cell specific phenotypes in ribosomopathies remain poorly defined. Here, we established what is to our knowledge the first mammalian model of neutropenia in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome through targeted downregulation of Sbds in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells expressing the myeloid transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (Cebpa). Sbds deficiency in the myeloid lineage specifically affected myelocytes and their downstream progeny while, unexpectedly, it was well tolerated by rapidly cycling hematopoietic progenitor cells. Molecular insights provided by massive parallel sequencing supported cellular observations of impaired cell cycle exit and formation of secondary granules associated with the defect of myeloid lineage progression in myelocytes. Mechanistically, Sbds deficiency activated the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and induced apoptosis in these cells. Collectively, the data reveal a previously unanticipated, selective dependency of myelocytes and downstream progeny, but not rapidly cycling progenitors, on this ubiquitous ribosome biogenesis protein, thus providing a cellular basis for the understanding of myeloid lineage biased defects in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.
Subsurface thermal behaviour of tissue mimics embedded with large blood vessels during plasmonic photo-thermal therapy (2016)

A different subsurface temperature distribution has been obtained for different tissue vascular network models. The position of LBVs must be known in order to achieve optimal tissue necrosis. The simulation described here helps in predicting subsurface temperature distributions within tissues during plasmonic photo-thermal therapy so that the risks of damage and complications associated with in vivo experiments and therapy may be avoided.
Directly driven source of multi-gigahertz, sub-picosecond optical pulses (2023)

A robust, compact optical pulse train source is described, with the capability of generating sub-picosecond micro-pulse sequences, which can be periodic as well as non-periodic, and at repetition rates tunable over decades of baseline frequencies, from MHz to multi-GHz regimes. The micro-pulses can be precisely controlled and formatted to be in the range of many ps in duration to as short as several fs in duration. The system output can be comprised of a continuous wave train of optical micro-pulses or can be programmed to provide gated bursts of macro-pulses, with each macro-pulse consisting of a specific number of micro-pulses or a single pulse picked from the higher frequency train at a repetition rate lower than the baseline frequency. These pulses could then be amplified in energy anywhere from the nJ to MJ range.
A Rigorous Risk-aware Linear Approach to Extended Markov Ratio Decision Processes with Embedded Learning (2023)

We consider the problem of risk-aware Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) for Safe AI. We introduce a theoretical framework, Extended Markov Ratio Decision Processes (EMRDP), that incorporates risk into MDPs and embeds environment learning into this framework. We propose an algorithm to find the optimal policy for EMRDP with theoretical guarantees. Under a certain monotonicity assumption, this algorithm runs in strongly-polynomial time both in the discounted and expected average reward models. We validate our algorithm empirically on a Grid World benchmark, evaluating its solution quality, required number of steps, and numerical stability. We find its solution quality to be stable under data noising, while its required number of steps grows with added noise. We observe its numerical stability compared to global methods.
Towards a management framework for data semantic conflicts : a financial applications perspective (1997)

Abstract: An application-oriented analysis of data semantic challenges is presented. The analysis serves as a basis for developing a framework for effectively managing such challenges. The paper focuses on financial information providers as representative cases. A model representing relationships between attributes is proposed and is used for presenting and discussing certain semantic conflicts and their business implications. Directions of current work which are based on that model and which aim to advance towards an effective management framework are outlined. 1