gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Variational to Deterministic Autoencoders (2020)

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) provide a theoretically-backed and popular framework for deep generative models. However, learning a VAE from data poses still unanswered theoretical questions and considerable practical challenges. In this work, we propose an alternative framework for generative modeling that is simpler, easier to train, and deterministic, yet has many of the advantages of the VAE. We observe that sampling a stochastic encoder in a Gaussian VAE can be interpreted as simply injecting noise into the input of a deterministic decoder. We investigate how substituting this kind of stochasticity, with other explicit and implicit regularization schemes, can lead to an equally smooth and meaningful latent space without having to force it to conform to an arbitrarily chosen prior. To retrieve a generative mechanism to sample new data points, we introduce an ex-post density estimation step that can be readily applied to the proposed framework as well as existing VAEs, improving their sample quality. We show, in a rigorous empirical study, that the proposed regularized deterministic autoencoders are able to generate samples that are comparable to, or better than, those of VAEs and more powerful alternatives when applied to images as well as to structured data such as molecules.
Low-dispersive dielectric reflectors for future wireless terahertz communication systems (2007)

Dielectric mirrors have recently been proposed to be a key component for future wireless terahertz communication systems. Here, we examine the dispersion properties of a reflector that consists of nine layers with two different materials. The refractive index of the layers differs considerably. The mirror is highly reflecting and omnidirectional in a very extensive frequency band. We find that the group delay is in the order of picoseconds inside the frequency band of interest (330- 370 GHz), which is a reasonable value for such a component.
Quantitative PCR analysis of salivary pathogen burden in periodontitis (2015)

Our aim was to investigate the value of salivary concentrations of four major periodontal pathogens and their combination in diagnostics of periodontitis. The Parogene study included 462 dentate subjects (mean age 62.9 ± 9.2 years) with coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis who underwent an extensive clinical and radiographic oral examination. Salivary levels of four major periodontal bacteria were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Median salivary concentrations of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia, as well as the sum of the concentrations of the four bacteria, were higher in subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis compared to subjects with no to mild periodontitis. Median salivary Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans concentrations did not differ significantly between the subjects with no to mild periodontitis and subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, and the number of teeth and implants, high salivary concentrations of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia were significantly associated with moderate to severe periodontitis. When looking at different clinical and radiographic parameters of periodontitis, high concentrations of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were significantly associated with the number of 4-5 mm periodontal pockets, ≥6 mm pockets, and alveolar bone loss (ABL). High level of T. forsythia was associated also with bleeding on probing (BOP). The combination of the four bacteria, i.e., the bacterial burden index, was associated with moderate to severe periodontitis with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.40 (95% CI 1.39-4.13). When A. actinomycetemcomitans was excluded from the combination of the bacteria, the OR was improved to 2.61 (95% CI 1.51-4.52). The highest OR 3.59 (95% CI 1.94-6.63) was achieved when P. intermedia was further excluded from the combination and only the levels of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were used. Salivary diagnostics of periodontitis has potential especially in large-scale population studies and health promotion. The cumulative strategy appears to be useful in the analysis of salivary bacteria as markers of periodontitis.
CRC-Based Message Authentication for 5G Mobile Technology (2015)

Our society greatly depends on mobile technologies. As wirelessly connected devices take over the control of the electricity in our homes, the water we drink and the transportation we use, it becomes increasingly important to guarantee the security of interactions of all players involved in a network. Apart from the high security needs, 5G will require utmost efficiency in the use of bandwidth and energy. In this paper, we show how to make the type of CRC checksum used in current LTE standards cryptographically secure with minimum extra resources. We present a new CRC-based message authentication method and provide a quantitative analysis of the achieved security as a function of message and CRC sizes. The presented method retains most of the implementation simplicity of the traditional CRC except that the LFSR implementing the encoding and decoding is required to have re-programmable connections. Similarly to previously proposed cryptographically secure CRCs, the presented CRC enables combining the detection of random and malicious errors without increasing bandwidth. Its main advantage is the ability to detect all double-bit errors in a message, which is of special importance for systems using Turbo codes, including LTE.
Manifesto on small airway involvement and management in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an Interasma (Global Asthma Association - GAA) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) document endorsed by Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) (2016)

Evidence that enables us to identify, assess, and access the small airways in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has led INTERASMA (Global Asthma Association) and WAO to take a position on the role of the small airways in these diseases. Starting from an extensive literature review, both organizations developed, discussed, and approved the manifesto, which was subsequently approved and endorsed by the chairs of ARIA and GA<sup>2</sup>LEN. The manifesto describes the evidence gathered to date and defines and proposes issues on small airway involvement and management in asthma and COPD with the aim of challenging assumptions, fostering commitment, and bringing about change. The small airways (defined as those with an internal diameter <2 mm) are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD and are the major determinant of airflow obstruction in these diseases. Various tests are available for the assessment of the small airways, and their results must be integrated to confirm a diagnosis of small airway dysfunction. In asthma and COPD, the small airways play a key role in attempts to achieve disease control and better outcomes. Small-particle inhaled formulations (defined as those that, owing to their size [usually <2 μm], ensure more extensive deposition in the lung periphery than large molecules) have proved beneficial in patients with asthma and COPD, especially those in whom small airway involvement is predominant. Functional and biological tools capable of accurately assessing the lung periphery and more intensive use of currently available tools are necessary. In patients with suspected COPD or asthma, small airway involvement must be assessed using currently available tools. In patients with subotpimal disease control and/or functional or biological signs of disease activity, the role of small airway involvement should be assessed and treatment tailored. Therefore, the choice between large- and small-particle inhaled formulations must reflect the physician's considerations of disease features, phenotype, and response to previous therapy. This article is being co-published in <i>Asthma Research and Practice</i> and the <i>World Allergy Organization Journal.</i>
Structure and functional reselection of the Mango-III fluorogenic RNA aptamer. (2019)

Several turn-on RNA aptamers that activate small-molecule fluorophores have been selected in vitro. Among these, the ~30 nucleotide Mango-III is notable because it binds the thiazole orange derivative TO1-Biotin with high affinity and fluoresces brightly (quantum yield 0.55). Uniquely among related aptamers, Mango-III exhibits biphasic thermal melting, characteristic of molecules with tertiary structure. We report crystal structures of TO1-Biotin complexes of Mango-III, a structure-guided mutant Mango-III(A10U), and a functionally reselected mutant iMango-III. The structures reveal a globular architecture arising from an unprecedented pseudoknot-like connectivity between a G-quadruplex and an embedded non-canonical duplex. The fluorophore is restrained into a planar conformation by the G-quadruplex, a lone, long-range trans Watson-Crick pair (whose A10U mutation increases quantum yield to 0.66), and a pyrimidine perpendicular to the nucleobase planes of those motifs. The improved iMango-III and Mango-III(A10U) fluoresce ~50% brighter than enhanced green fluorescent protein, making them suitable tags for live cell RNA visualization.
Modulation of the Polymorphism of the Palmitic Acid/Cholesterol System by the pH (2003)

Differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C and 2H NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize hydrated mixtures of palmitic acid (PA) and cholesterol (chol), at low (5.4) and high (8.5−9.0) pH. The pH affects the ionization state of the fatty acid, and it was found to modulate its interaction with cholesterol, and the architecture of the resulting complexes. At low pH, this system undergoes a transition from a phase-separated crystalline state to a lamellar liquid-ordered (lo) phase, in agreement with previous results (Langmuir 2001, 17, 5587−5594). The apparent pKa of PA in these conditions is found to be about 8.2. At high pH, when the fatty acid is deprotonated and consequently negatively charged, both components participate in the formation of an lo lamellar structure that was found to be stable over a large temperature range (20−70 °C). For 50/50 PA/chol mixtures, only this phase, with a d spacing of approximately 49 Å, is detected. These fluid bilayers can be characterized as having solubilized cholesterol and highly ordered PA hydrocarbon chains. It is thus proposed that the electrostatic repulsion between carboxylate headgroups allows cholesterol molecules to integrate into the palmitate matrix. The sterol promotes the bilayer formation and leads to an ordering of the PA acyl chain, a well-known effect of cholesterol with phospholipids. Therefore, the PA/chol system allows for the production of very simple lo lamellar structures that are pH-sensitive.
99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: The normal gut microbiota in health and disease (2010)

Mammals are metagenomic, in that they are composed not only of their own genome but also those of all of their associated microbes (microbiome). Individual variations in the microbiome influence host health and may be implicated in disease aetiology. Therefore, it is not surprising that decreased microbial diversity is associated with both obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Studies in germ-free mice have demonstrated that the gut microbiota is required for development of diet-induced obesity as well as inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) for how the gut microbiota causes metabolic diseases is only beginning to be clarified. Furthermore, emerging data suggest that the gut microbiota may predispose or protect against other important diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Los propietarios no deben financiar los sistemas generales que benefician a la colectividad: (a propósito de la STS de 25 de noviembre de 2015 (RJ 2015, 6480) [RC 283/2014 (2016)

La determinacion del alcance del deber juridico de costear las obras de urbanizacion y los sistemas generales es objeto de considerable controversia doctrinal, en razon de su alcance practico. La STS de 25 de noviembre de 2015 aclara el escenario, declarando que aquellas infraestructuras de las que se beneficia la colectividad no pueden imputarse a unos pocos propietarios, como es el caso de la prolongacion de la linea 10 de metro en Madrid.
Nonlinear refraction in CS_2 at 106 μm (1988)

The nonlinear refractive index n(2) of CS(2) at 10.6 microm, the value of which is a subject of a recent controversy, is measured by an external self-focusing method. We found that n(2) = (2.1 +/- 0.7) x 10(-11) esu, similar to the accepted value of n(2) in the visible. Self-bending of spatially asymmetric CO(2) laser beam in CS(2) due to an ultrafast Kerr effect is observed, and the deduced value of n(2) is in agreement with our results.
Experimental analysis of LEDs'reliability under combined stress conditions (2011)

There are many practical situations in which the reliability of a device cannot be correctly predicted by considering only a single stress. In these cases, the use of a more complicated life model working with multi-stress is needed: in practice, taking into account two stresses provides good results in several real applications. In this paper, the problem of deriving a life model for LEDs that can be usefully employed in actual operating conditions is faced. The combination of thermal stress and forward current is considered and a test system used to carry out an exhaustive measurement campaign is presented. The results of some experiments are also presented and discussed.
Impact of microvascular obstruction on left ventricular local remodeling after reperfused myocardial infarction (2017)

2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:499-510.
Shear thickening in densely packed suspensions of spheres and rods confined to few layers (2021)

We investigate confined shear thickening suspensions for which the sample thickness is comparable to the particle dimensions. Rheometry measurements are presented for densely packed suspensions of spheres and rods with aspect ratios 6 and 9. By varying the suspension thickness in the direction of the shear gradient at constant shear rate, we find pronounced oscillations in the stress. These oscillations become stronger as the gap size is decreased, and the stress is minimized when the sample thickness becomes commensurate with an integer number of particle layers. Despite this confinement-induced effect, viscosity curves show shear thickening that retains bulk behavior down to samples as thin as two particle diameters for spheres, below which the suspension is jammed. Rods exhibit similar behavior commensurate with the particle width, but they show additional effects when the thickness is reduced below about a particle length as they are forced to align; the stress increases for decreasing gap size at fixed shear rate while the shear thickening regime gradually transitions to a Newtonian scaling regime. This weakening of shear thickening as an ordered configuration is approached contrasts with the strengthening of shear thickening when the packing fraction is increased in the disordered bulk limit, despite the fact that both types of confinement eventually lead to jamming.
Porphyrin Clips Derived from Diphenylglycoluril. Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Binding Properties. (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionPorphyrin Clips Derived from Diphenylglycoluril. Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Binding Properties.Johannes A. A. W. Elemans, Menno B. Claase, Patrick P. M. Aarts, Alan E. Rowan, Albertus P. H. J. Schenning, and Roeland J. M. NolteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 5, 1600Publication Date (Web):February 16, 2000Publication History Published online16 February 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo004000thttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo004000tcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views455Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (8 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes at an Oppositely Charged Surface (2000)

We develop a scaling theory of polyelectrolyte adsorption at an oppositely charged surface. At low surface charge densities, the thickness of the adsorbed layer is determined by the balance between electrostatic attraction to the charged surface and chain entropy. At high surface charge densities, it is determined by the balance between electrostatic attraction and short-range monomer-monomer repulsion. These different stabilizing mechanisms result in the nonmonotonic dependence of the layer thickness on the surface charge density.
Development of Microfluidic-based Analytical Methodology for Studying the Effects of Chemotherapy Agents on Cancer Tissue (2012)

Whilst a multitude of techniques have been employed to study the biology of tumour tissue and its response to chemotherapeutic reagents, most current methodologies do not capture the sophistication of the in vivo environment. Microfluidics however offers the ability to maintain and interrogate primary tissue samples in an environment with biomimetic flow characteristics. In this study head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumour biopsies have been used to investigate the performance of a microfluidic device for generating clinically-useful information. The response of fresh and cryogenically-frozen primary HNSCC or metastatic lymph node samples to chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin, 5-flurouracil or docetaxel), alone and in combination, were monitored for both proliferation (water-soluble tetrazolium salt metabolism) and cell death biomarker release (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) “off-chip”. The frozen tissue showed no significant difference in terms of either proliferation or LDH release in comparison with the matched fresh samples. Administration of all drugs caused cell death, in a dose-response manner, with the combination showing the greatest amount of cytotoxicity particularly at days 8 and 9; correlating well with published clinical data. The system described here offers an innovative method for studying the tumour microenvironment in vitro and, through incorporation of relevant analytical modules, provides the basis of a pre-clinical device that can be used to define personalised treatment regimens.
V08-08 A NOVEL CASE COMBINING PSMA BASED (18)F-DCFPYL PET/CT AND MRI/ULTRASOUND FUSION GUIDED BIOPSY TO ASSESS LOCAL RECURRENCE OF PROSTATE CANCER (2019)

Evaluation (RACE) was performed and all anastomosis were leak tested.
Measurement and analysis of global IP-usage patterns of fast-flux botnets (2011)

This paper considers the global IP-usage patterns exhibited by different types of malicious and benign domains, with a focus on single and double fast-flux domains. We have developed and deployed a lightweight DNS probing engine, called DIGGER, on 240 PlanetLab nodes spanning 4 continents. Collecting DNS data for over 3.5 months on a plethora of domains, our global vantage points enabled us to identify distinguishing behavioral features between them based on their DNS-query results. To help us analyze the enormous amount of data, we have quantified these features and designed an effective classifier capable of accurately discriminating between different types of domains. Applying the classifier on the 3.5-month DNS data allows us to reveal the relative prevalence of different fast-flux domains and conduct detailed studies on them separately. These results provide insight into the current global state of fast-flux botnets and their range in implementation, revealing potential trends for botnet-based services. We also uncover previously-unseen domains whose name servers alone demonstrate fast-flux behavior and a new, cautious IP management strategy currently employed by criminals to evade detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of New Derivatives of Flavone‐8‐acetic Acid (FAA). Part 4. Variation of the Basic Structure. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Versatile CMOS-MEMS integrated piezoelectric platform (2015)

We present the extension of the InvenSense fabrication platform to piezoelectric transduction. The newly proposed CMOS-MEMS Integrated Piezoelectric Platform inherits the wafer bonding advantages of its predecessor, leverages existing semiconductor infrastructure, and is applicable to a wide range of applications.
On the applicability of density functional theory to manganese‐based complexes with catalytic activity toward water oxidation (2017)

The present contribution assesses the performance of several popular and accurate density functionals, namely B3LYP, BP86, M06, MN12L, mPWPW91, PBE0, and TPSSh toward manganese-based coordination complexes. These compounds show promising properties toward application to catalytic water oxidation. Although manganese with N- and O-biding ligands tends to give rise to high spin complexes, the results show that BP86, mPWPW91, and specially MN12L, tend to yield low-spin complexes. The usage of these functionals for such compounds is, thus, discouraged. All the functionals considered deliver accurate geometries. The present results show, however, that B3LYP delivers geometries deviating from experimental values when compared to the other functionals of the set. M06, PBE0, and TPSSh deliver geometries of similar accuracy, PBE0 outstanding slightly with respect to the other two. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.