gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steganalysis of quantization index modulation data hiding (2005)

Quantization index modulation (QIM) techniques have been gaining popularity in the data hiding community because of their robustness and information-theoretic optimally against a large class of attacks. In this paper, we consider detecting the presence of QIM hidden data, which is an important consideration when data hiding is used for covert communication, or steganography. For a given host distribution, we are able to quantify detectability compactly in terms of a parameter related to the robustness of the hiding scheme to attacks. Using detection theory we show that QIM quickly transitions from easily detectable to virtually undetectable as this parameter varies. We also obtain performance benchmarks for QIM hiding in images, indicating that a scheme designed to be robust to say a moderate degree of JPEG compression, should be easily detectable. While practical application of detection theory to images is difficult because of statistical variations across images, we employ supervised learning to show that standard QIM schemes for images are indeed quite easily detectable. However, it remains an open issue as to whether it is possible to devise QIM variants that are less vulnerable to steganalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Nucleic‐Acid‐Binding Properties of Sulfamide‐ and 3′‐N‐Sulfamate‐Modified DNA. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phenotypic characteristics ofSerpulina pilosicolithe agent of intestinal spirochaetosis (1996)

The phenotypic characteristics of three Serpulina pilosicoli strains isolated from humans with diarrhoea (WesB, Kar, Hrm7) and two porcine S. pilosicoli strains isolated from pigs with intestinal spirochaetosis (1648, 3295), were compared with the type strain of the species P43/6/78T (T = type strain) and other intestinal spirochaetes within the genus Serpulina. All S. pilosicoli strains had a characteristic ultrastructural appearance, displayed similar growth rates, hydrolysed hippurate, lacked beta-glucosidase activity, utilised D-ribose as a growth substrate, and had similar sensitivities to rifampicin and spiramycin. The only consistent phenotypic characteristic that differentiated human strains from porcine strains of S. pilosicoli was that the human strains all utilised the pentose sugar D-xylose. These distinguishing phenotypic traits appear useful for identifying S. pilosicoli.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple C2 Symmetrical Sulfide for a One‐Pot Asymmetric Conversion of Aldehydes into Oxiranes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spectroscopy Applied to On-Road Mobile Source Emissions (2006)

Not to be confused with emission spectroscopy, the detection of mobile source emissions by means of a remote sensing device (RSD) is almost entirely an application of absorption spectroscopy. In this article we discuss the application to measurement of individual vehicle emissions remotely as the vehicle drives by in its normal driving mode. Most studies and commercial implementation have involved automobiles and light duty trucks. However, the same technology has been applied to heavy duty trucks, locomotives, snowmobiles and airplanes in taxi and takeoff modes. The challenge in all these applications is to make precisely collocated absorption measurements at 100 Hz in both the UV and IR regions of the spectrum with low noise. The ability to measure 1/1000 absorbance units is necessary. The only compensating advantage is that an individual vehicle measurement cycle is over in one second or less, such that slow instrument drift becomes unimportant. The results are all measured as a ratio to the measured emission of CO2 and calibrated by means of a certified cylinder with known ratios. Using these ratios, the end result for each vehicle can be expressed as mass emissions per kg or per L of fuel as well as the emissions % which would be measured were the vehicle equipped with a tailpipe probe and emissions measurement system (corrected for any excess air which might be in the exhaust manifold).
Reliability Oriented OTFS-based LEO Satellites Joint Transmission Scheme (2022)

This paper investigates a dual satellite transmission scheme with coherent reception. The receiver has a single synchronization circuit and is locked to only one of the satellites. Beam-centric pre-compensation techniques are considered in the paper. The cooperation area in which coherent reception is feasible is characterized analytically. The application of precoding to the orthogonal time and frequency space (OTFS) waveform is considered to counteract the residual offsets, which result from the displacement of the receiver from the selected reference point. Numerical evaluations show that the dual satellite scheme improves the system spectral efficiency as well the link reliability in comparison with the single satellite transmission scheme.
Atomic hydrogen spin-exchange frequency shift cross section at 0.5 Kelvin (2002)

We present an accurate measurement of the dominant hydrogen atom spin-exchange frequency shift cross section at 0.5 K, made using a recirculating cryogenic hydrogen maser. This parameter is sensitive to the detailed form of the H-H interaction potentials, particularly at large interatomic separations, and thus provides a means for testing the accuracy of ab-initio potentials. We find /spl lambda/~/sub 0/=-21.7/spl plusmn/2.8 /spl Aring//sup 2/, whereas the most sophisticated theoretical calculations to date give /spl lambda/~/sub 0/=-11.8 /spl Aring//sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical and structural investigation of a 10 μm InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice on GaAs (2021)

We report on a 10 μm InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaAs substrate using an interfacial misfit (IMF) array and investigate the optical and structural properties in comparison with a T2SL grown on a GaSb substrate. The reference T2SL on GaSb is of high structural quality as evidenced in the high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) measurement. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the HRXRD peak of the T2SL on GaAs is 5 times larger than that on GaSb. The long-wave infrared (LWIR) emission spectra were analyzed, and the observed transitions were in good agreement with the calculated emission energies. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity maxima (Imax) of ∼10 μm at 77 K is significantly reduced by a factor of 8.5 on the GaAs substrate. The peak fitting analysis of the PL profile indicates the formation of sub-monolayer features at the interfaces. PL mapping highlights the non-uniformity of the T2SL on GaAs which corroborates with Nomarski imaging, suggesting an increase in defect density.
Promotion of the neutralization-competent structure of the HIV-1 gp41 membrane proximal external region when tethered to its native transmembrane domain, and expressed in the context of the plasma membrane: implications for vaccine design (53.24) (2011)

Abstract The limited success of vaccines targeting the MPER, a target of three broadly neutralizing (bNt) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), we hypothesize, reflects the difficulty of mimicking the neutralization-competent structure (NCS) of the MPER. We determined the contribution of the amino-acid sequence and the transmembrane domain (TM), to the antigenicity of the MPER in the context of the plasma membrane. DNA constructs encoding various gp41 ectodomain fragments, and the TM of either the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PGDFR), or that of gp41, were produced and transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. Constructs expressing the MPER tethered to the gp41 TM followed by a 27-residue cytoplasmic tail fragment, MPER-TM1, produced optimal binding of MAbs 2F5, 4E10 and Z13e1. A series of 24 single amino-acid substitutions in the MPER-TM1 revealed critical binding residues for the three MAbs; similar substitutions were previously shown to ablate Ab-mediated viral neutralization. Neutralization-incompetent 2F5 Fab and 4E10 IgG mutant Abs failed to bind MPER-TM1, yet retained the ability to bind to peptide epitopes, indicating the plasma-membrane expressed MPER-TM1 closely approaches the NCS of the MPER. Substitution of the TM of gp41 with that from the PGDFR reduced binding by MAb 4E10, but not MAbs 2F5 or Z13e1. Our studies reveal that the gp41 TM appears to play a pivotal role both in orienting the 4E10 epitope, and affecting exposure of the MPER epitopes for all three bNtMAbs.
<p>Risk factors associated with prolonged intestinal colonization of ESBL-producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> – a prospective cohort study</p> (2019)

In this prospective cohort study, urological intervention within 6 months and a history of EPE infection are independently associated with prolonged intestinal colonization with EPE. In contrast, travel to Africa and/or Asia within 2 years is associated with a decreased risk of prolonged intestinal colonization with EPE. There is room for improvement when it comes to patient information regarding EPE to decrease of spread.
Advances and future challenges in binary translation and optimization (2001)

Binary translation and optimization have achieved a high profile in recent years. Binary translation has several potential attractions. While still in its early stages, could binary translation offer a new way to design processors, i.e. is it a disruptive technology? This paper discusses this question, examines some future possibilities for binary translation, and then gives an overview of selected projects (DAISY, Crusoe, Dynamo and LaTTe). One future possibility for binary translation is the Virtual IT Shop. Binary translation offers a possible solution for better utilization of computational resources as services over the World Wide Web. The Internet is radically changing the software landscape, and is fostering platform independence and interoperability. Along the lines of software convergence, recent advances in binary JIT (just-in-time) optimizations also present the future possibility of a convergence virtual machine (CVM). CVM aims to address research challenges in allowing the same standard operating system and application object code to run on different hardware platforms, through state-of-the-art JIT compilation and virtual device emulation.
A Novel Anti-CD22 Anthracycline-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) That Overcomes Resistance to Auristatin-Based ADCs (2015)

These studies provide proof of concept for an anthracycline-based ADC that could be used to treat B-cell malignancies that are resistant to vc-MMAE conjugates.
On-line coal analysis (1984)

Waste to energy (WTE) technologies have emerged as an alternative solution to municipal solid waste management. WTE systems provide major environmental and economic benefits by converting waste into accessible energy, as part of an integrated solid waste management (ISWM) strategy. However, previous studies showed that establishing an ISWM strategy based on a single type of WTE systems does not necessarily realize maximum benefits. Hence, optimizing the selection of WTE systems as part of a hybrid waste management strategy can potentially achieve maximum benefits and minimize negative impacts. However, such task is challenging due to the various alternatives and objectives, particularly those related to the material and energy recovery systems. This article presents the methods used to develop a systematic optimization framework that identifies the most beneficial set of ISWM systems through mathematical modelling. The methods include the procedures of the established framework, including base model computations, as well as the comprehensive modelling and optimization methods.•<i>The energy recovery, carbon footprint, and financial profitability are computed for selected WTE facilities</i>.•<i>The multi-objective mathematical programming is solved using the weighted comprehensive criterion method (WCCM)</i>.•<i>The model is implemented in CPLEX software using mathematical programming language (OPL)</i>.
Surprisingly simple and compact microscope for time-lapse phase and fluorescence imaging based on chromatic aberration (Conference Presentation) (2019)

We propose a simple and compact microscope combining phase imaging with fluorescence. This compact setup can be easily inserted in a standard biological incubator and allows observation of cellular cultures over several days. Phase image of the sample is reconstructed from a single, slightly (~50 μm) defocused image taken under semi-coherent illumination. Fluorescence in-focus image is recorded in epi-fluorescence geometry. The phase and fluorescence images are taken sequentially using a single CMOS camera. No mechanical movement of neither sample nor objective is required to change the imaging modality. The only change is the wavelength of illumination and excitation light for phase and fluorescence imaging, respectively. The slight defocus needed for phase imaging is achieved due to specifically introduced chromatic aberration in the imaging system. We present dual modality time-lapse movies of cellular cultures observed over several days in physiological conditions inside an incubator. A field-of-view of 3 mm2 allows observation up to thousands of cells with micro-meter spatial resolution in quasi-simultaneous phase and fluorescence mode. We believe that the simplicity, small dimensions, ease-of-use and low cost of the system make it a useful tool for biological research
Biofilm attachment reduction on bioinspired, dynamic, micro-wrinkling surfaces (2013)

Most bacteria live in multicellular communities known as biofilms that are adherent to surfaces in our environment, from sea beds to plumbing systems. Biofilms are often associated with clinical infections, nosocomial deaths and industrial damage such as bio-corrosion and clogging of pipes. As mature biofilms are extremely challenging to eradicate once formed, prevention is advantageous over treatment. However, conventional surface chemistry strategies are either generally transient, due to chemical masking, or toxic, as in the case of leaching marine antifouling paints. Inspired by the nonfouling skins of echinoderms and other marine organisms, which possess highly dynamic surface structures that mechanically frustrate bio-attachment, we have developed and tested a synthetic platform based on both uniaxial mechanical strain and buckling-induced elastomer microtopography. Bacterial biofilm attachment to the dynamic substrates was studied under an array of parameters, including strain amplitude and timescale (1–100 mm s−1), surface wrinkle length scale, bacterial species and cell geometry, and growth time. The optimal conditions for achieving up to ~ 80% Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm reduction after 24 h growth and ~ 60% reduction after 48 h were combinatorially elucidated to occur at 20% strain amplitude, a timescale of less than ~ 5 min between strain cycles and a topography length scale corresponding to the cell dimension of ~ 1 μm. Divergent effects on the attachment of P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms showed that the dynamic substrate also provides a new means of species-specific biofilm inhibition, or inversely, selection for a desired type of bacteria, without reliance on any toxic or transient surface chemical treatments.
Multifunctional amines enable the formation of polyamide nanofilm composite ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes with modulated charge and performance (2018)

Controlled diffusion of multifunctional amines towards the interface facilitates formation of supported ultrafiltration to nanofiltration membranes with modulated charge and performance.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Triarylamines from Aniline Precursors. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Electrical Pulse Polarity Shape on Intra Cochlear Neural Responses in Humans: Triphasic Pulses with Anodic and Cathodic Second Phase (2020)

Modern cochlear implants employ charge-balanced biphasic and triphasic pulses. However, the effectiveness of electrical pulse shape and polarity is still a matter of debate. For this purpose, in a previous study (Bahmer &amp; Baumann, 2013) electrophysiological and psychophysical measurement after triphasic pulse stimulation with cathodic second phase was determined. Depending on the pulse shape configuration, the stimulation effectiveness differed similarly for electrophysiological and psychophysical measurements. However, the experiments were limited to stimulation pulses with cathodic second phase. In this study, cathodic and anodic second phase stimulation was applied. Evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) and psychophysical responses were recorded in eleven cochlear implant recipients (SYNCHRONY/SONATAti100/PULSARci100 devices, MED-EL Innsbruck). We compared the strength of the ECAP responses with individual psychophysical threshold levels depending on the pulse shape. Results for pulses with cathodic second phase showed the weakest ECAP response and highest psychophysical thresholds for symmetric triphasic pulse shapes, and the strongest ECAP response and lowest psychophysical thresholds for biphasic pulses. The ECAP responses for anodic second phase differed from the results of triphasic stimulation with cathodic second phase. The U-shape of the ECAP response with increasing phase amplitude ratio (PAR) for cathodic second phase could not be observed for the anodic second phase. Instead, a flat curve was observed. In contrast, psychophysical threshold curves with increasing PAR were similar between cathodic and anodic second phase stimulation.
Diphosphine Complexes of Nickel(II) Are Efficient Catalysts for the Polymerization and Oligomerization of Ethylene:  Steric Activation and Ligand Backbone Effects (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunicationNEXTDiphosphine Complexes of Nickel(II) Are Efficient Catalysts for the Polymerization and Oligomerization of Ethylene: Steric Activation and Ligand Backbone EffectsJames N. L. Dennett, Amy L. Gillon, Katie Heslop, David J. Hyett, James S. Fleming, C. Emma Lloyd-Jones, A. Guy Orpen, Paul G. Pringle, Duncan F. Wass, James N. Scutt, and Richard H. WeatherheadView Author Information School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, U.K. BP Chemicals Ltd, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex, U.K. Cite this: Organometallics 2004, 23, 26, 6077–6079Publication Date (Web):November 16, 2004Publication History Received3 August 2004Published online16 November 2004Published inissue 1 December 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om0494014https://doi.org/10.1021/om0494014rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1041Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chemical structure,Ligands,Organophosphorus compounds,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Antisera Specific to NK1, NK2, and NK3 Neurokinin Receptors and their Utilization to Localize Receptors in the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract (1996)

Understanding the physiological role of tachykinins requires precise cellular and subcellular localization of their receptors. We raised antisera by immunizing rabbits with peptides corresponding to portions of the intracellular tails of the rat neurokinin 1, 2, and 3 receptors (NK1-R, NK2-R, NK3-R). Receptors were localized by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. NK1-R, NK2-R, and NK3-R were detected at the plasma membrane of transfected cells with minimal intracellular stores. Staining was abolished by preabsorption of the antisera with the peptides used for immunization. Nontransfected cells were unstained. Each antiserum only stained cells transfected with the appropriate receptor and did not stain cells transfected with the other receptors. Therefore, the antisera are specific and do not cross-react with other neurokinin receptors. We examined the distribution of the neurokinin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. NK1-R was detected in myenteric and submucosal neurons and in interstitial cells of Cajal. NK2-R was localized to circular and longitudinal muscle cells and to nerve endings in the plexuses. NK3-R was detected in numerous myenteric and submucosal neurons. Some neurons expressed both NK1-R and NK3-R. Receptors were detected at the plasma membrane and in endosomes. Cells expressing the receptors were closely associated with tachykinin-containing nerve fibers. Thus, NK1-R and NK3-R mediate neurotransmission by tachykinins within enteric nerve plexuses, and NK1-R and NK2-R mediate the effects of tachykinins on interstitial and smooth muscle cells, respectively.
Unobtrusive and Pervasive Monitoring of Geriatric Subjects for Early Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment (2018)

The primary marker for on-boarding a neurological patient for engagement is old-age. Hence, cognitive impairment becomes a primary focus of geriatric care. Instrumented elderly care homes, providing ambient assisted living (AAL) use sensors for monitoring the activities of daily living (ADL) of users. Though the primary focus of such monitoring has been to find trends in the physical health of the subject, recent studies have indicated that the inferences can also be used for research on cognition. In this paper, we explore the use of unobtrusive, non-contact ADL sensors for early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the geriatric population. We show the feasibility of using deep learning techniques to make such inferences. We handled the case of missing sensor data due to sensor failures using time-series prediction and based on the sensor data fea- tures, we perform an RNN and auto-encoder based methodology for screening subjects with probable Mild Cognitive Impairment. Further, this information is used to design a classifier to predict the future cases of illness.