gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond Customer Lifetime Valuation: Measuring the Value of Acquisition and Retention for Subscription Services (2022)

Understanding the value of acquiring or retaining subscribers is crucial for subscription-based businesses. While customer lifetime value (LTV) is commonly used to do so, we demonstrate that LTV likely over-states the true value of acquisition or retention. We establish a methodology to estimate the monetary value of acquired or retained subscribers based on estimating both on and off-service LTV. To overcome the lack of data on off-service households, we use an approach based on Markov chains that recovers off-service LTV from minimal data on non-subscriber transitions. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the methodology can be used to (i) forecast aggregate subscriber numbers that respect both aggregate market constraints and account-level dynamics, (ii) estimate the impact of price changes on revenue and subscription growth and (iii) provide optimal policies, such as price discounting, that maximize expected lifetime revenue.
A Slope-Based Multipath Estimation technique for mitigating short-delay multipath in GNSS receivers (2010)

The everlasting public interest on location and positioning services has originated a demand for a high performance Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System or the future European satellite navigation system, Galileo. The performance of GNSS is subject to several errors, such as ionosphere delay, troposphere delay, receiver noise and multipath. Among all these errors, multipath is the main limiting factor in precision-oriented GNSS applications. In order to mitigate the multipath influence on navigation receivers, the multipath problem has been approached from several directions, including the development of novel signal processing techniques. Many of these techniques rely on modifying the tracking loop discriminator in order to make it resistant to multipath. These techniques have proved very efficient against multipath having a medium or large delay with respect to the Line-Of-Sight (LOS) signal. In general, the multipath errors are largely reduced for multipath delays greater than around 0.1 chips (which is about 29.3 meters for Galileo E1 Open Service (OS) signal). Theoretically, this constitutes a remarkable improvement as compared to simpler techniques such as narrow Early-Minus-Late (nEML) tracking loop. However, in practice, most of the multipath signals enter the receiver with short-delay with respect to LOS signal, making most of these mitigation techniques partially ineffective. In this paper, we propose a new multipath estimation technique, namely the Slope-Based Multipath Estimation (SBME), which is capable of mitigating the short-delay multipath (i.e., multipath delays less than 0.35 chips) quite well compared with other state-of-the-art mitigation techniques, such as the nEML and the High Resolution Correlators (HRC). The proposed SBME first derives a multipath estimation equation by utilizing the correlation shape of the ideal normalized correlation function of a Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)- or Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier (MBOC)-modulated signal, which is then used to compensate for the multipath bias of a nEML tracking loop. It is worth to mention here that the SBME requires an additional correlator at the late side of the correlation function, and it is used in-conjunction with a nEML tracking loop. The multipath performance of the above-mentioned mitigation techniques is presented for Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1 C/A signals from theoretical as well as simulation perspective.
Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus Infection After Pancreas Transplantation (2011)

CMV remains a common cause of clinical illness, particularly among the CMV D+/R- mismatched and patients with kidney graft failure. Marginal association was observed between CMV infection and a lower risk of death, but not with allograft failure.
Comparative Study of Enzyme Activity and Heme Reactivity in Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens Cystathionine β-Synthases (2012)

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway, which is critical for the synthesis of cysteine from methionine in eukaryotes. CBS uses coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) for catalysis, and S-adenosylmethionine regulates the activity of human CBS, but not yeast CBS. Human and fruit fly CBS contain heme; however, the role for heme is not clear. This paper reports biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of CBS from fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (DmCBS) and the CO/NO gas binding reactions of DmCBS and human CBS. Like CBS enzymes from lower organisms (e.g., yeast), DmCBS is intrinsically highly active and is not regulated by AdoMet. The DmCBS heme coordination environment, the reactivity, and the accompanying effects on enzyme activity are similar to those of human CBS. The DmCBS heme bears histidine and cysteine axial ligands, and the enzyme becomes inactive when the cysteine ligand is replaced. The Fe(II) heme in DmCBS is less stable than that in human CBS, undergoing more facile reoxidation and ligand exchange. In both CBS proteins, the overall stability of the protein is correlated with the heme oxidation state. Human and DmCBS Fe(II) hemes react relatively slowly with CO and NO, and the rate of the CO binding reaction is faster at low pH than at high pH. Together, the results suggest that heme incorporation and AdoMet regulation in CBS are not correlated, possibly providing two independent means for regulating the enzyme.
Field Trial Results of a 4X4 MIMO-OFDM Real Time Testbed (2010)

the results of a field trials campaign in a park, a wide street, a narrow street and office environments are presented in this paper. The trials are carried out using a real time 4x4 MIMO-OFDM testbed working in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and a 20 MHz bandwidth. The testbed supports both spatial multiplexing and transmit and receive diversity. We compare the system performance using different number of spatial streams in different environments. We also determine the maximum number of spatial streams that can be supported in the indoor and outdoor environments respectively. We found that the maximum achievable throughput for the system in the indoor environment is almost double the maximum achievable throughput in the outdoor environment at the same receive power. This is mainly due to the richness of scattering elements in an indoor setting. Our outdoor trials showed that supporting more than two spatial streams will not introduce any throughput gain.
Exothermic Formation Reactions as Local Heat Sources (2022)

This review focuses on the properties of reactive materials (RMs) that enable exothermic formation reactions and their application as local heat sources. We examine how the heat produced by these formation reactions can enable a range of useful functions including bonding, sealing, ignition, signaling, and built-in degradation. We begin by describing the chemistries, geometries, microstructures, and fabrication of RMs. We then explore the magnitude and measurement of their stored chemical energies and the rates and mechanisms by which the stored energy can be released to generate useful heat. The majority of the review focuses on how the released heat can be modeled and used to perform a range of functions.
Programmable cell array using rewritable solid-electrolyte switch integrated in 90nm CMOS (2011)

Programmable devices such as SRAM-based FPGAs have the major challenges of power consumption and circuit area due to the excessive standby leakage current and the threshold voltage variation in highly scaled SRAM. Back-end-of-line (BEOL) device, which is integrated in the interconnect layers, is attractive for reducing the performance gap between FPGA and cell-based ASIC. In this paper, we demonstrate the fundamental operations of a programmable cell array and a 32x32 crossbar switch using a nonvolatile and rewritable solid-electrolyte switch (nanobridge or NB). A 72% reduction in chip-area compared with that of a standard-cell-based design is achieved on a 90nm CMOS platform.
The Impact of Preoperative Stoma Site Marking on the Incidence of Complications, Quality of Life, and Patient’s Independence (2012)

Preoperative stoma site marking is crucial for improving patients' postoperative quality of life, promoting their independence, and reducing the rates of postoperative complications. The role of the enterostomal therapist is very important in the ostomates' pre- and postoperative care.
Vibro-acoustic launch protection experiment (VALPE) (2003)

Launch acoustic and vibration loads have the potential to damage sensitive payloads within a payload fairing, often requiring more structural mass to withstand these loads than would otherwise be necessary to survive launch. Experiments demonstrating several vibro-acoustic mitigation technologies developed by AFRL/VS and its contractors flew on the Vibro-Acoustic Launch Protection Experiment 2 (VALPE-2) aboard a Terrier-Improved Orion sounding rocket from Wallops Island Flight Facility in August 2003. Flight data collected in November 2002 from a nearly identical launch (VALPE-1) was used to characterize the fairing environment for comparison. Preparations for the flight experiments are discussed along with the performance of the various experiments in flight. The several experiments include an Adaptive Vibro-Acoustic Device (AVAD) to mitigate acoustic loads, an active/passive hybrid vibration isolation system using voice-coil actuation and a ShockRing passive component, a voice-coil regenerative electronics vibration isolation system to absorb a portion of the vibration energy during launch and use it to power an active isolation system during a staging event, and a ChamberCore composite fairing with implications for passive acoustic performance.
Efficacy and Safety of Itepekimab in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Asthma (2021)

Interleukin-33 blockade with itepekimab led to a lower incidence of events indicating a loss of asthma control than placebo and improved lung function in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. (Funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03387852.).
Actinometric measurement of j[O3‐O(1D)] using a luminol detector (1992)

The photolysis frequency of ozone to singlet D oxygen atoms has been measured by means of a chemical actinometer using a luminol based detector. The instrument measures j[O 3 ‐O( 1 D)] with a precision of 10%. The data collected in winter and spring of 1991 is in agreement with model predictions and previously measured values. Data from a global solar radiometer can be used to estimate the effects of local cloudiness on j[O 3 ‐O( 1 D)].
Active learning of reactive Bayesian force fields: Application to heterogeneous hydrogen-platinum catalysis dynamics (2021)

Accurate modeling of chemically reactive systems has traditionally relied on either expensive ab initio approaches or flexible bond-order force fields such as ReaxFF that require considerable time, effort, and expertise to parameterize. Here, we introduce FLARE++, a Bayesian active learning method for training reactive many-body force fields on the fly during molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. During the automated training loop, the predictive uncertainties of a sparse Gaussian process (SGP) force field are evaluated at each timestep of an MD simulation to determine whether additional ab initio data are needed. Once trained, the SGP is mapped onto an equivalent and much faster model that is polynomial in the local environment descriptors and whose prediction cost is independent of the training set size. We apply our method to a canonical reactive system in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, hydrogen splitting and recombination on a platinum (111) surface, obtaining a trained model within three days of wall time that is twice as fast as a recent Pt/H ReaxFF force field and considerably more accurate. Our method is fully open source and is expected to reduce the time and effort required to train fast and accurate reactive force fields for complex systems.
NVNA versus LSNA: enemies or friends? (2010)

The NVNA and the LSNA are powerful instruments which allow to measure the full nonlinear behavior of microwave devices. They are super-oscilloscopes which are able to measure absolute time domain waveforms. Both instruments are based on a different measurement principle: the mixer-based architecture of the NVNA and the sampler based architecture of the LSNA. They both have their advantages and disadvantages. By using these nonlinear measurement instruments, one is able to gain a good insight into the nonlinear behavior of a system. Combining good measurements with good insight, results in good nonlinear modeling.
Defect-resistant plastic scintillation radiation detector compositions and fabrication methods (2023)

Scintillating plastics resistant to crazing and fogging, methods of making and using the same are disclosed. The scintillating plastics include: one or more primary polymers present in an amount ranging from about 40 wt % to about 95 wt %; one or more secondary polymers present in an amount ranging from about 1 wt % to about 60 wt %; and one or more fluors present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 50 wt %. Methods of making such plastics include: creating a homogenous mixture of precursor materials including primary polymer, secondary polymer, and fluor in the amounts set forth above; and polymerizing the homogenous mixture. Methods of using such plastics include: exposing the scintillating plastic to one or more extreme environmental conditions for a predetermined amount of time without generating crazing or fogging within the scintillating plastic. Various additional features and specific embodiments of these inventive concepts are also disclosed.
The mouse W/c-kit locus. (1990)

The mature cells in the haemopoietic system arise as the result of the extensive developmental and proliferative capacity of pluripotential stem cells. In order to understand the molecular basis for these developmental processes, it will be necessary to identify and characterize the cellular genes that control early steps in haemopoiesis. Mutations at the mouse W locus on chromosome 5 lead to pleiotropic developmental defects, including sterility, coat colour abnormalities, severe macrocytic anaemia and mast cell deficiency. The defects in all these lineages are cell autonomous and intrinsic, suggesting that the W locus encodes a gene product required directly for cellular differentiation. In an attempt to understand this classical mouse developmental mutation, we have demonstrated that the c-kit proto-oncogene, which encodes a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, is very closely linked to W. Several further observations are consistent with the idea that W and c-kit are allelic: first, c-kit is expressed in those cell populations affected by W mutations; second, the expression of c-kit transcripts can be affected by mutations at the W locus; third, the tyrosine kinase activity associated with the protein encoded by c-kit is functionally impaired in mast cells derived from mutant W/Wv mice; and fourth, rearrangements within the c-kit gene have been reported in two W mutant alleles. These observations suggest that the dominant phenotype associated with W mutations results from loss-of-function alterations that affect the receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by c-kit. The demonstration that the W locus encodes a transmembrane growth factor receptor provides a molecular basis for understanding the intrinsic haemopoietic defect in W mutant mice and the role that this cellular proto-oncogene plays in haemopoiesis and other developmental processes.
Multistage Yb-doped fiber amplifier generating megawatt peak-power, subnanosecond pulses (2005)

A Q-switched microchip laser generating 1064 nm wavelength, subnanosecond pulses at a 13.4 kHz repetition rate was used to seed a dual-stage amplifier featuring a 40 microm core Yb-doped photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) as the power amplifier. From this source, we obtained diffraction-limited (M2 = 1.05), approximately 450 ps pulses of energy > 0.7 mJ, peak power in excess of 1.5 MW, and an average power of approximately 9.5 W. By further amplifying the PCF output in a multimode 140 microm core Yb-doped fiber, we generated a peak power in excess of 4.5 MW, the highest obtained in a fiber source to our knowledge.
Organometallic Complexes Containing 17-Ethynyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one and Related Ethynyl Steroids (2006)

Gold complexes of 17-ethynyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one, 17-ethynyl-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-ol, and 17α-ethynylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol have been prepared and characterized. The title compounds were prepared by treatment of the parent ethynyl steroid with sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide followed by the addition of R3PAuCl. Using a variety of phosphorus donors, a total of 36 gold steroid compounds were readily prepared using this approach. Compounds containing basic low cone angle phosphines such as PMe3 and PEt3 exhibited broad signals in the 13C{1H} NMR spectrum for the alkyne moiety, while compounds containing triarylphosphines or moderately bulky trialkylphosphines exhibited sharp signals. Correlations between common measures of phosphine donor ability with 2 J CP and 3 J CP as well as changes in the 31P chemical shift were made. While the use of low cone angle phosphines was successful, analogous reactions with trimesitylphosphine or tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine resulted in intractable mixtures containing significant amounts of free phosphine. The incorporation of electron-withdrawing groups into the organic fragment of the phosphine donors was tolerated except for P(C6F5)3, where displacement of the phosphine was observed. The molecular structures of five representative examples are presented and discussed. These determinations represent the first structurally characterized examples where the transition metal is σ-bound to the ethynyl fragment of the steroid.
Multiscale connection-level analysis of network traffic (2003)

Network traffic exhibits drastically different statistics, ranging from nearly Gaussian marginals and long range dependence at very large time scales to highly non-Gaussian marginals and multifractal scaling on small scales. This behavior can be explained by decomposing traffic into two components according to the connection bandwidth: the small bandwidth component absorbs most traffic and is Gaussian, while large bandwidth component constitutes virtually all of the small scale bursts. Based on this understanding, a novel traffic model is proposed that parsimoniously accounts for user behavior, network topology, and the heterogeneous distribution of network bandwidths.
Effect of Phthalates and Their Substitutes on the Physiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2022)

Phthalates are used in a variety of applications-for example, as plasticizers in polyvinylchloride products to improve their flexibility-and can be easily released into the environment. In addition to being major persistent organic environmental pollutants, some phthalates are responsible for the carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and endocrine disruption that are notably affecting steroidogenesis in mammals. Numerous studies have thus focused on deciphering their effects on mammals and eukaryotic cells. While multicellular organisms such as humans are known to display various microbiota, including all of the microorganisms that may be commensal, symbiotic, or pathogenic, few studies have aimed at investigating the relationships between phthalates and bacteria, notably regarding their effects on opportunistic pathogens and the severity of the associated pathologies. Herein, the effects of phthalates and their substitutes were investigated on the human pathogen, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, in terms of physiology, virulence, susceptibility to antibiotics, and ability to form biofilms. We show in particular that most of these compounds increased biofilm formation, while some of them enhanced the bacterial membrane fluidity and altered the bacterial morphology.
THE EFFECTS OF THE HARTMAN CAVITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE USGA NOZZLE USED FOR ALUMINUM SPRAY FORMING (1998)

This article addresses the effects of the Hartman cavity on the performance of the ultrasonic gas atomizer (USGA) used for spray forming. Numerical simulations of the gas flow field have been performed with the aim of establishing the effects of the Hartman cavity on flow development both inside and outside the air nozzles. Phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) measurements have been made of gas velocity and turbulence intensity, drop mean and fluctuating velocity and drop size across planes at various distances downstream. Highspeed imaging is used in the flow region near the orifice exit where recirculation zones are generated, and there is concern about drop deposition on atomizer surfaces. Shadowgraphic photographs show the presence of shock waves and cells in the emerging gas jets. It is shown that the nozzles with the Hartman cavity are able to sustain supersonic gas jets to lengths beyond those sustained with nozzles without the cavity. It is also found that, within the range of experimental conditions studied ( 100 кРа < air nozzle stagnation pressure < 500 kPa ), the Hartman cavity has little effect on the drop sizes generated. The Hartman cavity also has little effect on spray development. The rectangular slit orifices for the two gas jets and the liquid jet generate a spray, after impingement, that is somewhat rectangular in cross section. As the spray develops downstream, it changes shape under the influence of entrainment from the gas surrounding the spray. After a distance of 254 mm from the nozzle exit, the width and breadth of the jet are equal, but significant shape changes occur farther downstream. Gaussian velocity distributions result in liquid flux distributions and metal deposits with Gaussian shapes, instead of deposits with uniform thickness.
Clarithromycin Exerts an Antibiofilm Effect against Salmonella typhimurium rdar Biofilm Formation, and Transforms the Physiology towards an Apparent Oxygen-depleted Energy and Carbon Metabolism (2020)

ABSTRACT Upon biofilm formation, production of extracellular matrix components and alteration in physiology and metabolism allows bacteria to build up multicellular communities which can facilitate nutrient acquisition during unfavorable conditions and provide protection towards various forms of environmental stresses to individual cells. Thus, bacterial cells become tolerant against antimicrobials and the immune system within biofilms. In the current study, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of the macrolides clarithromycin and azithromycin. Clarithromycin showed antibiofilm activity against rdar (red, dry and rough) biofilm formation of the gastrointestinal pathogen Salmonella typhimurium ATCC14028 Nal r at 1.56 μM subinhibitory concentration in standing culture and dissolved cell aggregates at 15 μM in a microaerophilic environment suggesting that the oxygen level affects the activity of the drug. Treatment with clarithromycin significantly decreased transcription and production of the rdar biofilm activator CsgD, with biofilm genes such as csgB and adrA to be consistently downregulated. While fliA and other flagellar regulon genes were upregulated, apparent motility was downregulated. RNA sequencing showed a holistic cell response upon clarithromycin exposure, whereby not only genes involved in the biofilm-related regulatory pathways, but also genes that likely contribute to intrinsic antimicrobial resistance, and the heat shock stress response were differentially regulated. Most significantly, clarithromycin exposure shifts the cells towards an apparent oxygen- and energy-depleted status, whereby the metabolism that channels into oxidative phosphorylation is downregulated, and energy gain by degradation of propane 1,2-diol, ethanolamine and L-arginine catabolism is upregulated. This initial analysis will allow the subsequent identification of novel intrinsic antimicrobial resistance determinants.