gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GenomicCloning, Physical Mapping, andExpression ofHumanType2Cystatin Genes (1993)

Humanscarryone gene encoding cystatin C andsixtoeight geneswithhomology toan S-like cystatin hybridization probe. However, theprecise composition andorganization ofthecystatin genefamily remains tobeestablished. Further, thepattern oftissue-specific expression hasnotbeenfully defined. Wehavepreviously shownthat thetype2cystatin genesareclustered together ina ca.270kbregion (the CSTlocus). Todetermine thestructure ofthis region, we havesought toclone theentire CSTlocus. Ourapproach hasbeentoisolate cosmid andlambda genomic clones carrying cystatin genesand then tousewalk probes derived fromtheendregions ofthese clones toidentify other clones, which extend them. Todate, we haveobtained over320kbofdistinct sequences.Based onrestriction maps,sequencing, andhybridization analyses, we have identified eight apparentlynonallelic copies ofcystatin genes.These include onegeneforcystatin C,four closely related genes encoding S-like cystatins, andthree genesencoding relatively divergent sequences.Complete assembly ofthese clones into an unambiguous contiguous sequenceishampered bythepresenceofflanking locus-specific repetitive-like sequences.RNase protection assaysusedtocharacterize thetissue-specific patterns ofexpression showed that cystatin Cisexpressed atmodest, comparable levels inalltissues examined, whereas expression oftheCSTIgene,encoding cystatin SA-I, was found tobe restricted toasmall subset oftissues, withthehighest level inthesubmandibular gland. Thecystatin genefamily, therefore, appearstohaveevolved bytandem geneduplication, followed bytheacquisition ofcontrol elements influencing thelocation andlevel ofexpression. Thecystatin genefamily is, thus, apotentially powerful systemfor the future study ofmechanisms of generegulation inhumansalivary glands.
Distributed Precoding Design for Multi-Group Multicasting in Cell-Free Massive MIMO (2022)

We consider multi-group multicast precoding designs for cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. To optimize the transmit and receive beamforming strategies, we focus on minimizing the sum of the maximum mean squared errors (MSEs) over the multicast groups, which is then approximated with the sum MSE to simplify the computation and signaling. We adopt an iterative bi-directional training scheme with uplink and downlink precoded pilots to cooperatively design the multi-group multicast precoders at each base station and the combiners at each user equipment in a distributed fashion. An additional group-specific uplink training resource is introduced, which entirely eliminates the need for backhaul signaling for channel state information (CSI) exchange. We also propose a simpler distributed precoding design based solely on group-specific pilots, which can be useful in the case of scarce training resources. Numerical results show that the proposed distributed methods greatly outperform conventional cell-free massive MIMO precoding designs that rely solely on local CSI.
Abstract P93 (2015)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK
Preferred conformation of C-glycosides. 3. Preferred conformation of carbon analogs of 1,4-disaccharides (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreferred conformation of C-glycosides. 3. Preferred conformation of carbon analogs of 1,4-disaccharidesStefan A. Babirad, Yuan Wang, Peter G. Goekjian, and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 21, 4825–4827Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00230a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00230a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Non-intrusive optical measurements of gas turbine engine inlet condensation using machine learning (2020)

Abstract We demonstrate a novel application of supervised machine learning (ML) models to quantify the size, shape, number density, and distribution parameters of a water spray introduced at a gas turbine inlet. Only a limited set of laser scattering and extinction observations, acquired by pairs of photodetectors and cameras, are required for an accurate output. A phase Doppler particle analyzer as well as a conventional extinction inversion method are used to validate the particle size estimation, with the ML method converging closely to both. By measuring a water spray, where a spherical particle shape can be assumed, these size estimate validations could be made, which would have been difficult for a nonspherical particle measurement. By combining all the estimated parameters, the liquid volume fraction as well as the liquid flow rate is estimated and compared to a traceable ultrasonic flowmeter. To our knowledge, this is the first in situ condensation load measurement made at a gas turbine inlet without prior calibration. The ML approach is able to accurately estimate the liquid flow rate, with the majority of the estimates lying within the uncertainty bounds of the flowmeter and a root-mean-square difference of 0.8 L h −1 or 7.4%. Estimating the liquid flow rate using all the particle parameters demonstrates the method’s robustness and readiness for accurately measuring even nonspherical particles. The low number of required optical observations also makes this technique attractive for more generalized inlet particle measurements including sand, dust, and volcanic ash, in addition to condensation.
Diguanidino and “Reversed” Diamidino 2,5-Diarylfurans as Antimicrobial Agents (2001)

Dicationic 2,5-bis(4-guanidinophenyl)furans 5a-5f, 2,5-bis[4-(arylimino)aminophenyl]furans 6a-6b and 6e-6k, and 2,5-bis[4-(alkylimino)aminophenyl]furans 6c-6d have been synthesized starting from 2,5-bis[tri-n-butylstannyl]furan. Thermal melting studies with poly dA*dT and the duplex oligomer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 demonstrated high DNA binding affinities for a number of the compounds. The binding affinities are highly dependent on structure and are significantly affected by substituents both on the phenyl rings of the 2,5-diphenylfuran nucleus and on the cationic centers. Of the 17 novel dicationic compounds synthesized, six (6a, 6b, 5b, 6f, 6h, 6i) exhibited MICs of 2 microg/mL or less versus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of the compounds screened against Candida albicans, three gave MICs of 2 microg/mL or less (5b, 6h, 6i), and two (5b, 6i) were fungicidal, unlike a standard antifungal drug fluconazole, which was fungistatic. In addition, one of the tested compounds (6i) exhibited a MIC of <1 microg/mL against Aspergillus fumigatus, while also being a fungicidal against this organism. Finally, when evaluated against an expanded fungal panel, compound 6h showed good activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Rhizopus arrhizus.
Understanding Molecular Drivers of Melanin Binding To Support Rational Design of Small Molecule Ophthalmic Drugs (2018)

Binding of drugs to ocular melanin is a prominent biological phenomenon that affects the local pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the eye. In this work, we report on the development of in vitro and in silico tools for an early assessment and prediction of melanin binding properties of small molecules. A robust high-throughput assay has been established to study the binding of large sets of compounds to melanin. The extremely randomized trees approach was used to develop an in silico model able to predict the extent of melanin binding from the molecular properties of the compounds. After the last iteration of the model, strong melanin binders could prospectively be identified with 91% accuracy. On the basis of in vitro data generated for approximately 3400 chemically diverse drug-like small molecules, pronounced correlations were observed between the extent of melanin binding and the basicity, lipophilicity, and aromaticity of the compounds.
All-focused image generation and 3D modeling of microscopic images of insects (2002)

We discuss a method which generates an all-focused image from a large number of microscopic images of insects. First, we describe our previously proposed select-and-merge method for all-focused image acquisition. We can get good results by using this method for two differently focused images. However, this method can not give a good result when applied to a large number of images. We propose a method which compares each images with its preceding and subsequent images using the estimation method of focused regions. We compare the results of reconstruction using the novel method and using our previously proposed method. Finally, we generate a 3D image using the intensity of the all-focused image and depths of the in-focus regions, both acquired by our proposed method.
Validation of Dosie combined Monte Carlo and photokinetic simulations for the analysis of HPPH-mediated photodynamic therapy on mice (2019)

We compare previously reported 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-divinyl pyropheophorbide (HPPH) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) experimental results for singlet oxygen dose on mice with simulations using a new, integrated, hardware and software device, Dosie<sup>TM</sup>, that calculates light transport and photokinetics for PDT. The two sets of results are consistent and validate the use of the device simulations to predict HPPH-mediated PDT results on mice animal studies.
Galectin-3 preserves renal tubules and modulates extracellular matrix remodeling in progressive fibrosis (2010)

Renal tubular cell apoptosis is a critical detrimental event that leads to chronic kidney injury in association with renal fibrosis. The present study was designed to investigate the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3), an important regulator of multiple apoptotic pathways, in chronic kidney disease induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). After UUO, Gal-3 expression significantly increased compared with basal levels reaching a peak increase of 95-fold by day 7. Upregulated Gal-3 is predominantly tubular at early time points after UUO but shifts to interstitial cells as the injury progresses. On day 14, there was a significant increase in TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells (129%) and cytochrome c release (29%), and a decrease in BrdU-positive cells (62%) in Gal-3-deficient compared with wild-type mice. The degree of renal damage was more extensive in Gal-3-deficient mice at days 14 and 21, 35 and 21% increase in total collagen, respectively. Despite more severe fibrosis, myofibroblasts were significantly decreased by 58% on day 14 in the Gal-3-deficient compared with wild-type mice. There was also a corresponding 80% decrease in extracellular matrix synthesis in Gal-3-deficient compared with wild-type mice. Endo180 is a recently recognized receptor for intracellular collagen degradation that is expressed by interstitial cells during renal fibrogenesis. Endo180 expression was significantly decreased by greater than 50% in Gal-3-deficient compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, these results suggested that Gal-3 not only protects renal tubules from chronic injury by limiting apoptosis but that it may lead to enhanced matrix remodeling and fibrosis attenuation.
An initial investigation of the long-term trends in the fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) calibration parameters on the four Cluster spacecraft (2014)

Abstract. Over the course of more than 10 years in operation, the calibration parameters of the outboard fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) sensors on the four Cluster spacecraft are shown to be remarkably stable. The parameters are refined on the ground during the rigorous FGM calibration process performed for the Cluster Active Archive (CAA). Fluctuations in some parameters show some correlation with trends in the sensor temperature (orbit position). The parameters, particularly the offsets, of the spacecraft 1 (C1) sensor have undergone more long-term drift than those of the other spacecraft (C2, C3 and C4) sensors. Some potentially anomalous calibration parameters have been identified and will require further investigation in future. However, the observed long-term stability demonstrated in this initial study gives confidence in the accuracy of the Cluster magnetic field data. For the most sensitive ranges of the FGM instrument, the offset drift is typically 0.2 nT per year in each sensor on C1 and negligible on C2, C3 and C4.
Electronically Programmable, Reversible Shape Change in Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Hydrogel Structures (2012)

Combining compliant electrode arrays in open-mesh constructs with hydrogels yields a class of soft actuator, capable of complex, programmable changes in shape. The results include materials strategies, integration approaches, and mechanical/thermal analysis of heater meshes embedded in thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogels with forms ranging from 2D sheets to 3D hemispherical shells.
AXR1 affects DNA methylation independently of its role in regulating meiotic crossover localization (2020)

Meiotic crossovers (COs) are important for reshuffling genetic information between homologous chromosomes and they are essential for their correct segregation. COs are unevenly distributed along chromosomes and the underlying mechanisms controlling CO localization are not well understood. We previously showed that meiotic COs are mis-localized in the absence of AXR1, an enzyme involved in the neddylation/rubylation protein modification pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we report that in axr1-/-, male meiocytes show a strong defect in chromosome pairing whereas the formation of the telomere bouquet is not affected. COs are also redistributed towards subtelomeric chromosomal ends where they frequently form clusters, in contrast to large central regions depleted in recombination. The CO suppressed regions correlate with DNA hypermethylation of transposable elements (TEs) in the CHH context in axr1-/- meiocytes. Through examining somatic methylomes, we found axr1-/- affects DNA methylation in a plant, causing hypermethylation in all sequence contexts (CG, CHG and CHH) in TEs. Impairment of the main pathways involved in DNA methylation is epistatic over axr1-/- for DNA methylation in somatic cells but does not restore regular chromosome segregation during meiosis. Collectively, our findings reveal that the neddylation pathway not only regulates hormonal perception and CO distribution but is also, directly or indirectly, a major limiting pathway of TE DNA methylation in somatic cells.
Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 Signaling Contributes to Migration, MMP-9 Activity, and Expression of IL-8 Induced by Linoleic Acid in HaCaT Cells (2020)

Keratinocytes and neutrophils are the main cellular components in wound healing during re-epithelization and inflammation. Free fatty acids such as linoleic acid (LA) present beneficial properties for wound healing by modulating the inflammatory response. LA is a natural ligand of free fatty acids receptor 1 (FFA1), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), able to modulate inflammatory process; however, the role of FFA1 in keratinocytes and wound healing remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of FFA1 signaling in migration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity, and IL-8 expression induced by LA in keratinocytes. We confirmed that HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line, expresses the FFA1 receptor and GW1100, a selective antagonist of FFA1, decreased LA-induced migration of HaCaT cells. Also, GW9508, a synthetic agonist of FFA1, increased migration of these cells. Furthermore, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK inhibitors abolished the LA-induced increase in cell migration. Besides, HaCaT cells stimulated with LA or GW9508 increased the activity of MMP-9 and the expression of IL-8. GW1100 partially inhibited both responses. We further evaluated the effects of HaCaT cells conditioned media stimulated with LA or GW9508 on neutrophil chemotaxis. Conditioned media induced neutrophil chemotaxis. Furthermore, IL-8 secreted by HaCaT cells stimulated with LA or GW9508, contributed to neutrophil chemotaxis. In conclusion, LA increased migration, MMP-9 activity, and expression of IL-8 from HaCaT cells <i>via</i> FFA1. Hence, these results showed that the effects induced by LA in keratinocytes can be mediated through FFA1, thus explaining a possible mechanism by which this fatty acid could accelerate wound healing.
A General Methodology to Quantify Biases in Natural Language Data (2020)

Biases in data, such as gender and racial stereotypes, are propagated through intelligent systems and amplified at end-user applications. Existing studies detect and quantify biases based on pre-defined attributes. However, in real practices, it is difficult to gather a comprehensive list of sensitive concepts for various categories of biases. We propose a general methodology to quantify dataset biases by measuring the difference of its data distribution with a reference dataset using Maximum Mean Discrepancy. For the case of natural language data, we show that lexicon-based features quantify explicit stereotypes, while deep learning-based features further capture implicit stereotypes represented by complex semantics. Our method provides a more flexible way to detect potential biases.
Artificial gravity maintains skeletal muscle protein synthesis during 21 days of simulated microgravity (2009)

We sought to determine the effects of longitudinal loading (artificial gravity) on skeletal muscle protein kinetics in 15 healthy young males after 21 days of 6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest [experimental treatment (Exp) group: n = 8, 31 +/- 1 yr; control (Con) group; n = 7, 28 +/- 1 yr, means +/- SE]. On days 1 and 21 of bed rest, postabsorptive venous blood samples and muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis and soleus) were obtained during a 1-h pulse bolus infusion protocol (0 min, l-[ring-(13)C(6)]phenylalanine, 35 mumol/kg; 30 min, l-[ring-(15)N]phenylalanine, 35 mumol/kg). Outcome measures included mixed muscle fractional synthesis (FSR) and breakdown rates (FBR). The Exp group experienced 1 h of longitudinal loading (2.5G at the feet) via a short-radius centrifuge during each day of bed rest. Mixed muscle FSR in the Con group was reduced by 48.5% (day 1, 0.081 +/- 0.000%/h vs. day 21, 0.042 +/- 0.000%/h; P = 0.001) in vastus lateralis after 21 days of bed rest, whereas the Exp group maintained their rate of protein synthesis. A similar but nonsignificant change in FSR was noted for the soleus muscle (Exp, -7%; Con, -22%). No changes in muscle protein breakdown were observed. In conclusion, 1 h of daily exposure to artificial gravity maintained the rate of protein synthesis of the vastus lateralis and may represent an effective adjunct countermeasure to combat the loss of muscle mass and functional during extended spaceflight.
Sulforhodamine 101 selectively labels human astrocytoma cells in an animal model of glioblastoma (2014)

Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) is a useful tool for immediate staining of astrocytes. We hypothesized that if the selectivity of SR101was maintained in astrocytoma cells, it could prove useful for glioma research. Cultured astrocytoma cells and acute slices from orthotopic human glioma (n=9) and lymphoma (n=6) xenografts were incubated with SR101 and imaged with confocal microscopy. A subset of slices (n=18) were counter-immunostained with glial fibrillary acidic protein and CD20 for stereological assessment of SR101 co-localization. SR101 differentiated astrocytic tumor cells from lymphoma cells. In acute slices, SR101 labeled 86.50% (±1.86; p<0.0001) of astrocytoma cells and 2.19% (±0.47; p<0.0001) of lymphoma cells. SR101-labeled astrocytoma cells had a distinct morphology when compared with in vivo astrocytes. Immediate imaging of human astrocytoma cells in vitro and in ex vivo rodent xenograft tissue labeled with SR101 can identify astrocytic tumor cells and help visualize the tumor margin. These features are useful in studying astrocytoma in the laboratory and may have clinical applications.
Linear and nonlinear impairments when adding and dropping superchannels in an elastic optical network (2015)

We investigate through simulation simultaneous linear and nonlinear impairments using a realistic reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer (ROADM) model while considering optical filtering and in-band coherent crosstalk at each ROADM and the nonlinear interfering effects from neighbor superchannels with the QPSK or 16QAM modulation format.
Structure and optical properties of sputter deposited pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 thin films (2018)

Iron(<sc>iii</sc>) titanates are composed of earth-abundant elements and are attracting rapidly growing interest as highly promising candidates for solar-energy as well as optoelectronics applications.
Optical Crosstalk in a Silicon Nanowaveguide (2010)

We characterize optical crosstalk and the associated bit-error rate degradation in silicon nanowaveguides. Results indicate that crosstalk decreases with increasing modulation frequency, which we attribute to free-carrier lifetime in the nanowaveguides.