gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Cascaded Approach to Mention Detection and Chaining in Arabic (2009)

This paper presents a fully statistical approach to Arabic mention detection and chaining system, built around the maximum entropy principle. The presented system takes a cascade approach to processing an input document, by first detecting mentions in the document and then chaining the identified mentions into entities. Both system components use a common maximum entropy framework, which allows the integration of a large array of feature types, including lexical, morphological, syntactic, and semantic features. Arabic offers additional challenges for this task (when compared with English, for example), as segmentation is a needed processing step, so one can correctly identify and resolve enclitic pronouns. The system presented has obtained very competitive performance in the automatic content extraction (ACE) evaluation program.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 1‐Alkyl‐N‐ [(1R)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐methylpropyl]piperidine‐4‐carboxamide Derivatives as Novel Antihypertensive Agents. (2012)

Abstract Synthesis, SAR, and pharmacological properties of a novel class of antihypertensive agents are described.
Molecular Characterization and Placental Expression of HERV-W, a New Human Endogenous Retrovirus Family (1999)

The multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MSRV) isolated from plasma of MS patients was found to be phylogenetically and experimentally related to human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). To characterize the MSRV-related HERV family and to test the hypothesis of a replication-competent HERV, we have investigated the expression of MSRV-related sequences in healthy tissues. The expression of MSRV-related transcripts restricted to the placenta led to the isolation of overlapping cDNA clones from a cDNA library. These cDNAs spanned a 7.6-kb region containing gag, pol, and env genes; RU5 and U3R flanking sequences; a polypurine tract; and a primer binding site (PBS). As this PBS showed similarity to avian retrovirus PBSs used by tRNATrp, this new HERV family was named HERV-W. Several genomic elements were identified, one of them containing a complete HERV-W unit, spanning all cDNA clones. Elements of this multicopy family were not replication competent, as gag and pol open reading frames (ORFs) were interrupted by frameshifts and stop codons. A complete ORF putatively coding for an envelope protein was found both on the HERV-W DNA prototype and within an RU5-env-U3R polyadenylated cDNA clone. Placental expression of 8-, 3.1-, and 1.3-kb transcripts was observed, and a putative splicing strategy was described. The apparently tissue-restricted HERV-W long terminal repeat expression is discussed with respect to physiological and pathological contexts.
Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in two patients with lung cancer, leukocytosis, and eosinophilia (1992)

Leukocytosis in association with malignancy has been well described, but the cause is not known. One potential explanation is production of a colony-stimulating factor by the tumor, and this has been demonstrated in vitro. The authors report two patients with lung cancer, leukocytosis, and eosinophilia. The pleural fluid of both patients contained malignant cells and biologically active granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as demonstrated by radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) assay. To determine whether GM-CSF is normally detectable in pleural fluid, the authors performed assays on an additional 11 patients with pleural effusions of various origins but without peripheral blood leukocytosis and eosinophilia; only 1 patient had a detectable level of GM-CSF (i.e., greater than or equal to 0.1 ng/ml). Because GM-CSF usually is not present in pleural fluid, the authors postulate that the high levels of GM-CSF found in the pleural fluid of these two patients was produced by their tumors, and production of GM-CSF by their lung cancers likely caused the leukocytosis with eosinophilia.
Low-cost board-to-board optical interconnects using molded polymer waveguide with 45 degree mirrors and inkjet-printed micro-lenses as proximity vertical coupler (2013)

We demonstrate intra- and inter-board level optical interconnects using polymer waveguides and waveguide couplers consisting of both 45 degree total internal reflection (TIR) mirrors and inkjet-printed micro-lenses. Surface normal couplers consisting of 50 µm × 50 µm waveguides with embedded 45 degree mirrors are fabricated using a nickel mold imprint. Micro-lenses, 70 µm in diameter, are inkjet-printed on top of the mirrors. We characterize the optical transmission between waveguides located on different boards in terms of insertion loss, mirror coupling loss, and free space propagation loss as a function of interconnection distance in free space. Each mirror contributes 1.88 dB loss to the system, corresponding to 65% efficiency. The printed micro-lenses improve the transmission by 2-4 dB (per coupler). Data transmission at 10 Gbps reveals that inter-board interconnects has a bit error rate (BER) of 1.1 × 10(-10) and 6.2 × 10(-13) without and with the micro-lenses, respectively.
Socioeconomic status and microalbuminuria in an Asian population (2008)

Lower SES is associated with the presence of micro/macroalbuminuria independent of age, gender, smoking, alcohol intake and body mass index among Malay adults in Singapore.
Circular data matrix fiducial system and robust image processing for a wearable vision-inertial self-tracker (2003)

A wearable low-power hybrid vision-inertial tracker has been demonstrated based on a flexible sensor fusion core architecture, which allows easy reconfiguration by plugging-in different kinds of sensors. A particular prototype implementation consists of one inertial measurement unit and one out-ward-looking wide-angle smart camera, with a built-in DSP to run all required image-processing tasks. The smart camera operates on newly designed 2D bar-coded fiducials printed on a standard black-and-white printer. The fiducial design allows having thousands of different codes, thus enabling uninterrupted tracking throughout a large building or even a campus at very reasonable cost. The system operates in various real-world lighting conditions without user intervention due to homomorphic image processing algorithms for extracting fiducials in the presence of very non-uniform lighting.
A Top-Down, Three-Scale Numerical Analysis of Wafer-to-Wafer Metallic Bonding (2014)

To study the sensitivity to micro-scale imperfections of the strength of a metallic, wafer-to-wafer MEMS bonding, we propose a three-scale numerical (finite element) approach. At the wafer level (macro-scale), accounting for the whole metallic sealing as nonlinear springs connecting the two silicon wafers modelled as thin plates, we link the force transferred by each single MEMS die to the external pressure applied to the wafers. This force is next used as an index for the input pressure at the die level (meso-scale), where the geometry of the metallic rings is accurately described: the local stress field at the interface between the two upper and lower metallic rings is so obtained. Finally, a micro-scale model is used to link the aforementioned local stress fields in the rings, to the bonding strength: representative volumes of the outer surfaces of the rings getting into contact, able to represent in a statistically way the relevant roughness (which is on the order or tens of nanometers at most), are adopted to obtain the relationship between the external pressure and the percentage of the sealed area. This information is exploited to discriminate, in terms of the expected bonding strength, different ring geometries.
Structural characterization of mesoporous titania containing silver nanparticle inclusions for antibacterial implant applications (2012)

Structural characterization of mesoporous titania containing silver nanparticle inclusions for antibacterial implant applications
Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma at the Site of an Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (2005)

Sirveaux, François MD, PhD; Hummer, Nicolas MD; Roche, Olivier MD; Rios, Maria MD; Vignaud, Jean-Michel MD; Molé, Daniel MD Author Information
High-Content Micronucleus Assay in Genotoxicity Profiling: Initial-Stage Development and Some Applications in the Investigative/Lead-Finding Studies in Drug Discovery (2010)

This article describes the first step toward full (that includes conditions for both absence and presence of metabolic activation) validation and drug discovery application of a 96-well, automated, high-content micronucleus (HCMN) assay. The current validation tests were performed using Chinese hamster ovary cells, in the absence of metabolic activation, against three distinct sets of drug-like compounds that represent all stages of a drug discovery pipeline. A compound categorization scheme was created based on quantitative relationships between micronucleus (MN) signals, cytotoxicity, and compound solubility. Results from initial validation compounds (n = 38) set the stage for differentiating overall positive and negative MN inducers. To delve deeper into the compound categorization process, a more extensive validation set, consisting of a larger set (n = 370) of “drug-like but less optimized” early-stage compounds, was used for further refinement of positive and negative compound categories. The predictivity and applicability of the assay for clinical stage compounds was ascertained using (n = 168) clinically developed marketed drugs or well-studied compounds. Upon full validation, a detailed analysis of results established five compound categories—NEG (negative), NEG/xx μM (negative up to the solubility limit of xx μM), WPOS (weak positive), POS (positive), and INCON (inconclusive). Furthermore, examples of lead-finding applications and ongoing investigative HCMN activities are described. A proposal is offered on how the HCMN assay can be positioned in parallel to the overall stage gates (e.g., scaffold selection, lead optimization, late-stage preclinical development) of drug discovery programs. Because of its greater throughput, 1-week turnaround time, and a substantially reduced (1–2 mg) requirement for compound consumption, the HCMN assay is appropriate for developing structure-genotoxicity relationships and for mechanistic genotoxicity studies. The assay does not replace the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development–compliant, non-good laboratory practice in vitro MN test (e.g., slide-based MN test in TK6 lymphoblastoid cells) that is used for full characterization of lead candidates.
HDL-cholesterol levels and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a multiethnic genetic study using Mendelian randomization (2017)

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia, particularly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss. However, epidemiological studies have yielded conflicting results. METHODS: We investigated the causal role of plasma lipid levels in AMD in multiethnic populations comprising 16 144 advanced AMD cases and 17 832 controls of European descent, together with 2219 cases and 5275 controls of Asian descent, using Mendelian randomization in three models. Model 1 is a conventional meta-analysis which does not account for pleiotropy of instrumental variable (IV) effects. Model 2 is a univariate, inverse variance weighted regression analysis that accounts for potential unbalanced pleiotropy using MR-Egger method. Finally, Model 3 is a multivariate regression analysis that addresses pleiotropy by MR-Egger method and by adjusting for effects on other lipid traits. RESULTS: A 1 standard deviation (SD) higher HDL-cholesterol level was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for AMD of 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.07–1.29) in Europeans (P = 6.88 × 10(–4)) and of 1.58 (1.24–2.00) in Asians (P = 2.92 × 10(–4)) in Model 3. The corresponding OR estimates were 1.30 (1.09–1.55) in Europeans (P = 3.18 × 10(–3)) and 1.42 (1.11—1.80) in Asians (P = 4.42 × 10(–3)) in Model 1, and 1.21 (1.11–1.31) in Europeans (P = 3.12 × 10(–5)) and 1.51 (1.20–1.91) in Asians (P = 7.61 × 10(–4)) in Model 2. Conversely, neither LDL-C (Europeans: OR = 0.96, P = 0.272; Asians: OR = 1.02, P = 0.874; Model 3) nor triglyceride levels (Europeans: OR = 0.91, P = 0.102; Asians: OR = 1.06, P = 0.613) were associated with AMD. We also assessed the association between lipid levels and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in Asians, a subtype of AMD, and found a similar trend for association of PCV with HDL-C levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that high levels of plasma HDL-C are causally associated with an increased risk for advanced AMD in European and Asian populations, implying that strategies reducing HDL-C levels may be useful to prevent and treat AMD.
Evolution of the internet QoS and support for soft real-time applications (2003)

The past few years have witnessed the emergence of many real-time networked applications on the Internet. These types of applications require special support from the underlying network such as reliability, timeliness, and guaranteed delivery, as well as different levels of service quality. Unfortunately, this support is not available within the current "best-effort" Internet architecture. In this paper, we review several mechanisms and frameworks proposed to provide network- and application-level quality of service (QoS) in the next-generation Internet. We first discuss the QoS requirements of many of the above-mentioned real-time applications, and then we categorize them according to the required service levels. We also describe the various building blocks often used in QoS approaches. We briefly present asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol precedence. Then, we present and compare two service architectures recently adopted by the Internet Engineering Task Force, called integrated services (IntServ) and differentiated services (DiffServ), for providing per-flow and aggregated-flow service guarantees, respectively. We focus on DiffServ because it is a candidate QoS framework to be used in next-generation Internet along with multiprotocol label switching and traffic engineering. We also examine several operational and research issues that need to be resolved before such frameworks can be put in practice.
The preparation of hyperbranched aromatic and aliphatic polyether epoxies by chloride‐catalyzed proton transfer polymerization from ABn and A2 + B3 monomers (2000)

Hyperbranched polymers consisting of aromatic or aliphatic polyether cores and epoxide chain-end peripheries were prepared by proton transfer polymerization. AB2 diepoxyphenol monomer 1 proved to be well suited for the preparation of hyperbranched aromatic polymer 2 by this proton transfer polymerization. The use of chloride-ion catalysis, rather than conventional base catalysis, for the preparation of polymers from diepoxyphenol 1 offered a unique method to control the ultimate molecular weight of the polymer product through variations of the initial concentration of monomer 1 in tetrahydrofuran. An alternative route to hyperbranched polyether epoxies made use of commercially available or easily prepared aliphatic monomers of the types AB2, AB3, and A2 + B3. Although these aliphatic polymerizations can be initiated with a base, chloride-ion catalysis proved most effective for controlling the polymerization. The hyperbranched epoxies were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and multi-angle laser light scattering. Chemical modification of the polymers after polymerization was carried out via nucleophilic addition on the epoxide groups or derivatization of the hydroxy substituents within the hyperbranched polymer structure. Spectroscopic measurements suggested that some such ring-opened materials may adopt reverse unimolecular micellar structures in appropriate solution environments. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4850–4869, 2000
Fabrication of high quality strained SiGe on Si substrate by RPCVD (2012)

In this study, the growth kinetics of SiGe in a reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition system using dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2) and germane (GeH4) as the Si and Ge precursors were investigated. The SiGe growth rate and Ge content were found to depend on the deposition temperature, GeH4 flow and reactor chamber pressure. The SiGe growth rate escalates with increasing deposition temperature, while the Ge content is reduced. The SiGe growth rate accelerates with increasing GeH4 flow, while the Ge content increases more slowly. According to the experimental data, a new relationship between Ge content (x) and F(GeH4)/F(SiH2Cl2) mass flow ratio is deduced: x 2.5/(1−x) = nF(GeH4)/F(SiH2Cl2). The SiGe growth rate and Ge content improve with increasing reactor chamber pressure. By selecting proper precursor flows and reactor pressure, SiGe films with the same Ge content can be fabricated at various temperatures. However, the quality of the SiGe crystals is clearly dependent on the deposition temperature. At lower deposition temperature, higher crystalline quality is achieved. Because the growth rate dramatically drops with lower temperatures, the optimum growth temperature must be a compromise between the crystalline quality and the growth rate. X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy results indicate that 650°C is the optimum temperature for fabrication of Si0.75Ge0.25 film.
Neural decoding systems using Markov Decision Processes (2017)

This paper presents a framework for modeling neural decoding using electromyogram (EMG) and electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals to interpret human intent and control prosthetic arms. Specifically, the method of this paper employs Markov Decision Processes (MDP) for neural decoding, parameterizing the policy using an artificial neural network. The system is trained using a modification of the Dataset Aggregation (DAgger) algorithm. The results presented here suggest that the approach of the paper performs better than the state-of-the-art.
LightHash: Experimental Evaluation of a Photonic Cryptocurrency (2022)

We propose LightHash , the first feasible photonic cryptographic hash function for blockchain technology using programmable photonic networks. We experimentally evaluate LightHash and assess whether photonic circuits can outperform digital competitors in latency and energy efficiency.
Ethylene−Propylene Copolymerization with 2-Arylindene Zirconocenes (1998)

Unbridged 2-arylindenylmetallocene complexes such as bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) are catalyst precursors for the synthesis of elastomeric polypropylenes. These catalysts are also active for the copolymerization of ethylene and propylene. Addition of small amounts of ethylene to a polymerization system derived from the 2-arylindene metallocenes results in a large and nonlinear increase in the polymerization rate. This increase in rate cannot be explained by the faster rate of ethylene insertion but is likely the result of the activation of dormant catalyst sites by ethylene. This “ethylene effect” is much larger for bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride/MAO ((2PhInd)2ZrCl2/MAO, 1/MAO) and bis[2-(3‘,5‘-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)indenyl]zirconium dichloride/MAO ((CF3)2PhInd)2ZrCl2/MAO, 2/MAO) metallocene catalysts than for bridged rac-ethylene-bis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride/MAO (EBIZrCl2/MAO, 3/MAO) metallocene. Copolymerization parameters for 1−3/MAO reveal that the unbridged 2-arylindene catalysts show a tendency toward random or slightly blocky incorporation of comonomers (rerp = 1.0−1.9 ≥ 1), whereas the ansa-metallocene 3/MAO exhibits a tendency toward alternating comonomer distribution (rerp = 0.5 < 1).
Impact of Antimicrobial Dipping Solutions on Postoperative Infection Rates in Patients with Diabetes Undergoing Primary Insertion of a Coloplast Titan Inflatable Penile Prosthesis (2020)

The use of rifampin did not provide the same type of protection, possibly representing a shift in resistance patterns of common bacteria responsible for device infection. Towe M, Huynh LM, Osman MM, et al. Impact of Antimicrobial Dipping Solutions on Postoperative Infection Rates in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Primary Insertion of a Coloplast Titan Inflatable Penile Prosthesis. J Sex Med 2020;17:2077-2083.
Deammonification of Wastewater Through Ammonia Electrolysis (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Application of Directed Energy Deposition for Transformational Challenge Reactor Core (2019)

The following report focuses on utilizing directed energy deposition (DED) for constructing the Transformational Challenge Reactor core. Multiple additive manufacturing processes are under investigation to evaluate the advantages and viability of each process for direct manufacturing of complex structures needed for future nuclear reactors. Technologies under investigation include binder jet, laser powder bed (LPB) fusion, electron beam powder bed fusion, and DED. Each process has advantages and disadvantages. For the core design, the current manufacturing approach consists of integrating LPB with DED. This hybrid manufacturing approach uses LPB for the core’s top and bottom manifold (where complexity is high) and DED for the manufacture of the cladding, where complexity is still high but geometric variability, size, and speed are better suited for DED. Research has focused on processing parameter development, evaluation of toolpath generation algorithms, core designs suitable for DED, manufacturing tolerances for integration of fuel elements, and seamless calibration and integration of LPB components into a DED build volume to create monolithic structures based on integrating these technologies. The following report highlights reactor core design as it relates to DED and experimental validation of test components necessary for finalizing the core design.
Riemannian Geometry Boosts Representational Similarity Analyses of Dense Neural Time Series (2017)

Abstract Representational similarity analysis (RSA) is a popular technique to estimate the structure of mental representations from neuroimaging data. However, RSA can be difficult to estimate for neural time series, where mental representations may be distributed in a highly dimensional space. Here, we show that RSA can be efficiently estimated from dense neural time series using Riemannian geometry. Using a public magneto-encephalography dataset, we decoded 24 classes from the brain evoked responses to 720 visual stimuli. RSA estimated from the confusion matrices of a standard regularized logistic regression achieved an average decoding accuracy of 23% (chance=4%). Our approach based on spatial filtering and Riemannian geometry nearly doubled this score with an average 42% decoding accuracy. Finally, our results revealed how RSA becomes ill-conceived when it derives from confusion matrices of highly accurate multivariate pattern classifications. Instead, we propose to directly estimate RSA from Riemannian metrics without fitting a multivariate pattern classifier. Overall, our approach, based on Riemannian geometry provides a principled and efficient basis to study the structure of mental representations from highly dimensional neural time series.