gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments on fast sector selection with entire-bandwidth assignment in forward link for OFCDM broadband packet wireless access (2005)

This work presents experimental results on fast sector selection (FSS) with entire-bandwidth assignment in the forward link for orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) broadband packet access. We first elucidate that the additional improvement derived from FSS with independent frequency-block assignment by taking advantage of frequency-selective fading compared to FSS with entire-bandwidth assignment is small from the viewpoint of the received signal level when the number of frequency-block is not large. Then, we investigate the effect of FSS with entire-bandwidth assignment in laboratory and field experiments considering the application of key techniques for high-speed packet access such as hybrid ARQ with packet combining, soft-decision turbo decoding, and pilot channel-assisted channel estimation. Field experiments, which are conducted in an urban area near Tokyo, show that by applying FSS, the required signal power at the average residual packet error rate (PER) of 10/sup -3/ can be reduced by approximately 2.0 and 1.0 dB compared to the case without FSS when the maximum number of retransmissions in Incremental redundancy is 0 and 1, respectively.
Extending the CIM-SPL policy language with RBAC for distributed management systems in the WBEM infrastructure (2009)

In spite of the large effort behind the development of the WBEM and CIM standards for the management of distributed systems, there has been very little work addressing security in those standards. In this paper we present a role-based access control (RBAC) policy language to render fine-grained access control policies for WBEM and CIM. The language is an extension of CIM-SPL, a preliminary DMTF policy language standard. The CIM-SPL RBAC extension fully complies with the WBEM standards. Access control policies can be specified for CIM object constructs according to the standard NIST RBAC model as well as with an extended model adapted for CIM. This extension provides a policy-based RBAC mechanism in the WBEM infrastructure.
Simulation of x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography of a medical phantom comprising particle and wave contributions (2010)

We present a simulation framework for X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography imaging (PCTI) inheriting the wave- as well as the particle-behavior of photons. The developed tool includes the modeling of a partially coherent X-ray source, the propagation of the X-ray photons through samples, and the interfering properties of photons. Hence, the simulation is capable of physically modeling a grating-based interferometric imaging system reported in e.g. Pfeiffer et al.<sup>5</sup> The information gained comprises the three potentially measurable images, which are the absorption image, the phase image, and the darkfield image. Results on such a setup concerning spatial and temporal coherence will be shown. Samples consisting of elements and structures similar to biological tissue were implemented to demonstrate the applicability on medical imaging. For the purpose of CT-imaging a head-like phantom was simulated and the results show the advantage of PCTI for thick biological objects. The simulation was developed with a modular concept so that the influences of each imaging component can be considered seperately. Thus the grating based interferometry for X-ray phase-contrast imaging can be optimized towards dedicated medical applications using this simulation-tool.
Transition Metal Catalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview of Catalysis Transition Metal Catalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry Challenges in Taking Catalysis to Industrial Scales Summary and Future Outlook References
Particle size effect on the film‐forming process of PS/PBA composite latexes (2009)

Abstract In this work, the effect of hard particle size and blend ratio on the film formation behavior of hard polystyrene (PS) and soft poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) (PBA) latex blends was studied by means of steady‐state fluorescence and UV–visible techniques in conjunction with atomic force microscopy. Three different sets of latexes were synthesized: PBA latex (diameter 97 nm), pyrene (P)‐labeled large PS (LgPS; diameter 900 nm), and small PS (SmPS; diameter 320 nm). Two different series of latex blends (LgPS/PBA and SmPS/PBA) were prepared with varying blend composition at room temperature separately. Films were then annealed at elevated temperatures above glass transition ( T g ) temperature of PS. Fluorescence intensity ( I P ) from P and photon transmission intensity ( I tr ) were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. The results showed that a significant change occurred in I P and I tr at a certain critical weight fraction ( R c ) of PBA. Below R c , two distinct film formation stages, which are named as void closure and interdiffusion, were seen. However, at PBA concentrations nearer to or above R c , no film formation can be achieved. Comparing to the LgPS/PBA, the sintering process of SmPS/PBA particles occurred at much lower temperatures. Film formation stages for R &lt; R c were modeled, and related activation energies were calculated. Void closure (Δ H ) and interdiffusion (Δ E ) activation energies for SmPS/PBA were also found smaller in comparing with LgPS/PBA series. However, Δ H and Δ E values were not changed much with the blend composition for both series. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1637–1652, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Drag Characterization Study of Variable Camber Continuous Trailing Edge Flap (2018)

A Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational study was conducted to investigate the effect of various variable camber continuous trailing edge flap (VCCTEF) configurations on the lift and drag of a NASA generic transport model (GTM) wing section. Out of the five two-dimensional (2D) VCCTEF configurations considered with varying camber in the three-segment flap region, with a total deflection of 6 deg, the best stall performance was exhibited by the circular and parabolic arc camber flaps. Both circular and parabolic arc flaps give similar lift performance, with the circular arc yielding a higher lift coefficient and parabolic arc resulting in the lowest drag and hence the best L/D performance at design Cl. Analysis of results based on linear theory shows excellent agreement between computed and theoretical incremental lift.
Fabrication of Self-Aligned Enhancement-Mode $ \hbox{In}_{0.53}\hbox{Ga}_{0.47}\hbox{As}$ MOSFETs With $ \hbox{TaN/HfO}_{2}\hbox{/AlN}$ Gate Stack (2008)

In this letter, we report the fabrication and characterization of self-aligned inversion-type enhancement-mode In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). The In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As surface was passivated by atomic layer deposition of a 2.5-nm-thick AIN interfacial layer. In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As MOS capacitors showed an excellent frequency dispersion behavior. A maximum drive current of 18.5 muA/mum was obtained at a gate overdrive of 2 V for a MOSFET device with a gate length of 20 mum. An I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> / <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ratio of 104, a positive threshold voltage of 0.15 V, and a subthreshold slope of ~165 mV/dec were extracted from the transfer characteristics. The interface-trap density is estimated to be ~7-8 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ldr eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> from the subthreshold characteristics of the MOSFET.
Analysis of Injection-Locked Ring Oscillators for Quadrature Clock Generation in Wireline or Optical Transceivers (2022)

Injection-locked ring oscillators (ILROs) are widely used for quadrature clock generators (QCG) in multi-lane wireline or optical transceivers because of their low power, low area, and technology scalability. However, locking a four-stage I/Q oscillator with a two-phase injection signal generates imbalances in amplitude and phase, resulting in I/Q phase errors and degraded jitter performance. This paper proposes a modified frequency-domain analysis with amplitude constraint for even-phase ILROs. Combining theoretical derivations with simulation results in 28nm CMOS technology, the behaviors of ring oscillators with partial injection and ILRO-based QCG are discussed and concluded.
Contribution of BAFF and DNA‐containing Immune Complexes to the Generation of DNA‐reactive B cells (2008)

We have reported that 17β‐estradiol (E2) treatment of BALB/c mice that express a transgene‐encoded heavy chain of a nephritogenic anti‐DNA antibody (R4A) induces a lupus‐like phenotype as demonstrated by the presence of serum anti‐dsDNA antibody titers, an expansion of DNA‐reactive B cells and immune complex (IC) deposition in the kidney. We have recently shown that E2 treated mice display increased expression of BAFF mRNA. BAFF is an important regulator of B cell maturation and survival, rescuing self‐reactive B cells from anergy in mice. Furthermore, increased serum levels of BAFF have been reported in patients with SLE and RA. We propose that E2 results in the production of DNA‐containing ICs, which trigger the increased expression of BAFF, facilitating in turn the survival and activation of DNA‐reactive B cells. Consistent with this hypothesis BAFF blockade impaired the generation of anti‐DNA secreting B cells in E2 treated mice. To see if BAFF induction resulted from the action of DNA‐containing immune complexes, we administered DNAse to E2‐treated mice and demonstrated a reduction in BAFF expression. Taken together, these data demonstrate that a feedback loop exists in which DNA‐containing ICs induce expression of BAFF, which enhances the maturation and survival of DNA‐reactive B cells. Thus, targeted therapies that interfere with BAFF signals or IC formation may prove to be useful treatments for SLE.
Chip-scale physical interconnect models (Tutorial) (2013)

Modeling layout-dependent interconnect processing steps is useful to predict integrated circuit design behavior. We illustrate key data and steps in developing etch, electrochemical deposition (ECD), and chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) models in order to predict chip topography. We utilize an interferometer for validation of models for the first time. Such models are useful to select optimal fill algorithms using a novel DOE-based flow as proposed herein.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of (2R,5R)‐Hept‐6‐yne‐2,5‐diamine: A Potent and Selective Enzyme‐activated irreversible Inhibitor of Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC). (1986)

Abstract The four stereoisomers of (VIII) are prepared by the sequence (IV)‐(VIII) using optically active iodides (V) [obtained from either (IX) or (XIV); yields of the final steps given in g; the conversion of (S)‐(XI) to (R)‐(XI) by treatment of the corresponding tosylate with Bu 4 NOAc and subsequent saponification leads to partial racemization].
Recognition of the Anticodon Loop of tRNAIle1by Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase fromEscherichia coli (1994)

Abstract For Escherichia coli tRNAIle 1 having anticodon G34-A35-U36, two variants with substitution and/or insertion in the anticodon loop were prepared by in vitro recombinant RNA method. A variant with replacement of the N-((9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-purine-6-yl)carbamoyl)threonine (t6A) residue at position 37 with an unmodified adeno-sine exhibited a drastic reduction in isoleucine-accepting activity. This shows that t6A37 plays a crucial role in the recognition by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS). Into this A37 variant, unmodified A was further inserted at position 36 so that a sequence of GAAUA was created. This insertion did not show further reduction in isoleucine-accepting activity, indicating that IleRS recognizes the three anticodon residues, which have already been found to be identity elements, individually but not as a whole.
Anomalously low twist and bend elastic constants in an oxadiazole-based bent-core nematic liquid crystal and its mixtures; contributions of spontaneous chirality and polarity (2017)

The splay, twist and bend elastic constants of an oxadiazole based bent core liquid crystal and it's mixtures have been measured across the entire nematic range.
Marker development for the genetic study of natural variation inArabidopsis thaliana (2007)

We report AtPRIMER, an application that automates the discovery of new polymorphic markers between ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. On specifying two ecotypes and the genomic region of interest, the script retrieves all corresponding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and generates CAPS and/or dCAPS PCR primer sequences. We show that AtPRIMER accurately found specific polymorphic markers for our linkage mapping project. AtPRIMER will therefore be useful for efficient marker development with high density and specificity.
New Sampling and Testing-While-Drilling Technology, A Safe, Cost-Effective Alternative (2011)

Abstract In today's drilling environments and economics oil companies demand focus on all aspects of services delivered by the oil field service companies. Safety and efficiency are paramount with cost considerations following closely behind. Reductions of non-productive time are continuously monitored to evaluate service delivery excellence. All economics are impacted by dead or non productive time associated with failed or damaged equipment, logistical complexities, unplanned events (i.e., weather storms), complex reservoirs and drilling trajectories. A costly yet extremely critical service for the oil companies is the capture of representative fluid samples from the reservoirs they are drilling. This is done today with formation sampling wireline tools (FSWL) lowered into the wellbore days after the drilling of the formation. The timeliness of this information as well as the additional rig costs associated with the capture of this information can be several days or more in additional time for the sampling operation. In many cases, such as in high angled or horizontal wells, the drill pipe is required to convey the wireline to the formations. In these instances the tools cannot be gravity conveyed, which adds cost and additional risk. Because formation sampling while drilling (FSWD) technology has recently been introduced, significant cost savings are possible because the testing and sampling can be performed during the drilling process. It is the objective of this paper to demonstrate an economic model using field examples to evaluate the cost benefit between using FSWL and FSWD fluid sampling operations acquired in deep water fields. Factors considered are the operating costs for FSWL and FSWD, the probability for fishing, reduction in pumping times associated with lower invasion for FSWD and reducing the operational time in high angel wells and the ability to make changes in well construction.
An On-Chip Self-Characterization of a Digital-to-Time Converter by Embedding it in a First-Order <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta\Sigma$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Loop (2018)

To characterize an on-chip programmable delay in a low-cost and high-resolution manner, a built-in self-test based on a first-order <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> time-to-digital converter with self-calibration is proposed and implemented in TSMC 28-nm CMOS. The system is self-contained, and only one digital clock is needed for the measurements. A system self-calibration algorithm is proposed to calibrate nonlinearities of the analog circuitry. The operation is robust over PVT variations since the delay information is normalized to the input clock period. To verify the proposed idea, two different digital-to-time converters performing the on-chip delay are measured and analyzed at 50-MHz clocking frequency with 0.65-ps standard time deviation per measurement.
Radiolabeled Probes Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1-Active Tumor Microenvironments (2014)

Because tumor cells grow rapidly and randomly, hypoxic regions arise from the lack of oxygen supply in solid tumors. Hypoxic regions in tumors are known to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) expressed in hypoxic regions regulates the expression of genes related to tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Thus, imaging of HIF-1-active regions in tumors is of great interest. HIF-1 activity is regulated by the expression and degradation of its α subunit (HIF-1α), which is degraded in the proteasome under normoxic conditions, but escapes degradation under hypoxic conditions, allowing it to activate transcription of HIF-1-target genes. Therefore, to image HIF-1-active regions, HIF-1-dependent reporter systems and injectable probes that are degraded in a manner similar to HIF-1α have been recently developed and used in preclinical studies. However, no probe currently used in clinical practice directly assesses HIF-1 activity. Whether the accumulation of (18)F-FDG or (18)F-FMISO can be utilized as an index of HIF-1 activity has been investigated in clinical studies. In this review, the current status of HIF-1 imaging in preclinical and clinical studies is discussed.
Impact of Building-Level Motor Protection on Power System Transient Behaviors (2018)

Protection strategies for transmission and distribution systems have been extensively investigated to facilitate better coordination of physical protection devices. A diverse range of functional motors with dedicated protection schemes are being used more and more in commercial, residential, and industrial buildings. This paper focuses on simulating several of the most popular protection schemes using the Electro-Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP) model for three-phase and single-phase induction motors in existing commercial buildings connected to typical distribution feeders. To investigate the behaviors of single-phase motors stalling, the actions of motor protection and reconnections, and the impacts of device-level protection on system-level dynamics, we imposed voltage depressions at the head of a feeder fully loaded with functional induction motors. Several distribution feeders are represented in a standard IEEE 39-bus transmission system to simulate fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) and explore mitigation strategies by optimally configuring the building-level motor protection settings.
Dynamic Simulation of Toggle Mode MRAM Operating Field Margin (2007)

Dynamic switching behavior of antiferromagnetically coupled single-domain bilayers at 0 and 300 K has been investigated using Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation. The operating field windows for toggle-magnetic random access memory (MRAM) have been found narrower than the ones previously obtained by analytic calculations, even at 0 K, with the general trend that the longer the duration and rise/fall times are, the wider the window is. The simulation at 300 K showed that the thermal effect is substantial in degradation of the operating field window, especially due to the increase of the error rate in the higher operating field region, although the enhancement of the damping factor in nanomagnetic devices helps reduce the window reduction considerably
Ground-Based Testing of TiB2 and Al2O3/TiB2 Response to Space Environment (2007)

Two materials, titanium diboride and an alumina/titanium diboride composite, exhibit characteristics favorable for use in multiple space applications. These characteristics include low mass (4.52 gm/cc), high strain rate impact resistance, high temperature use (3000oC M.P.), thermal and electrical conductivity, thermal shock resistance, and high visible-range reflectivity. Additionally, the presence of boron in these materials gives them the potential to shield against neutron radiation as well as charged radiation. These materials are flying on MISSE 6 to assess material changes resulting from exposure to the space environment. This study provides a preliminary, ground-based examination of these materials' interactions with individual components of the space environment, in particular atomic oxygen (AO) and neutron radiation, in order to better predict and understand post-flight results. Individual specimens are exposed to ground state AO and surface oxidation is measured. Equivalent exposures of up to 13 months show no rapid oxidation, however evidence indicates some surface oxidation occurring. Other samples are placed near a polyethylene moderated, one Ci Am/Be neutron source to determine their shielding capability. Comparisons between exposed and shielded indium foil, which is activated by transmitted neutrons, measure each material's ability to shield neutrons. Preliminary results indicate a significant shielding benefit provided by both materials.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Alveolar Hypoxia Promotes Murine Lung Tumor Growth through a VEGFR-2/EGFR-Dependent Mechanism (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2.1MB, Lysates from lungs and tumors obtained from mice treated with urethane and exposed to normoxia or hypoxia were analysed for levels of active and total MAPK (Panels A and B) and expression of pro-survival factors (Panels C and D) by Western blotting. beta-actin was used as a loading control. Figure shows expression levels (n=3) for each treatment. Data shown is mean � SEM and * indicates p &lt; minus 0.05 for comparisons between normoxia and hypoxia. The effect of vandetanib on levels of phospho and total MAPK and survival factors is shown in Panel E and F in normoxia or hypoxia. Data shown is mean � SEM and * indicates p &lt; minus 0.05 for comparisons between untreated and vandetanib treated in each group.&lt;/p&gt;
New classes of Si-based photonic materials and device architectures via designer molecular routes (2007)

Ge/Sn-based group IV semiconductors with tunable band gaps across the wide IR range were synthesized using designer hydrides with tailored Si, Ge and Sn stoichiometries and structures. GeSn, SiGeSn, SiSn and SiGeSn/Ge heterostructures undergo indirect to direct band gap transitions via strain engineering and alloy composition tuning, providing the basis for integration of microelectronics with optical components into a single chip. SiGeSn systems also enable buffer layer technologies with unprecedented lattice and thermal matching capabilities for applications in monolithic integration of III–V semiconductors with Si electronics.