gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H2O adsorption kinetics on Si(111)7×7 and Si(111)7×7 modified by laser annealing (1995)

The adsorption kinetics of H2O on Si(111)7×7 and Si(111)7×7 modified by laser annealing were studied using laser-induced thermal desorption and temperature-programmed desorption techniques at temperatures between 180 and 800 K. The laser-annealed Si(111)7×7 surface displayed an enhanced initial reactive sticking coefficient for H2O compared with the unmodified Si(111)7×7 surface. At 180 K, the initial reactive sticking coefficient was S0=6.9×10−1 on laser-annealed Si(111)7×7 compared with S0=1.9×10−2 on unmodified Si(111)7×7. This larger initial sticking coefficient is attributed to the creation of a more reactive surface structure formed by the laser annealing process. At higher oxygen coverages, the reactivity of the laser-annealed surface changed and displayed much slower H2O adsorption rates that were similar to the kinetics on Si(111)7×7. The decreasing initial reactive sticking coefficient versus increasing surface temperature suggested a precursor-mediated adsorption mechanism on both the Si(111)7×7 and laser-annealed Si(111)7×7 surfaces. After long H2O exposures, the oxygen coverage saturated at θO≊0.35 monolayers on Si(111)7×7 for temperatures between 300 and 700 K. At higher surface temperatures, the saturation coverage increased prior to SiO desorption at temperatures above 900 K. This increase was attributed to the creation of additional dangling bond adsorption sites following H2 desorption at temperatures above 700 K.
Quantum Self-Correction in the 3D Cubic Code Model (2013)

A big open question in the quantum information theory concerns the feasibility of a self-correcting quantum memory. A quantum state recorded in such memory can be stored reliably for a macroscopic time without need for active error correction, if the memory is in contact with a cold enough thermal bath. Here we report analytic and numerical evidence for self-correcting behavior in the quantum spin lattice model known as the 3D cubic code. We prove that its memory time is at least L(cβ), where L is the lattice size, β is the inverse temperature of the bath, and c>0 is a constant coefficient. However, this bound applies only if the lattice size L does not exceed a critical value which grows exponentially with β. In that sense, the model can be called a partially self-correcting memory. We also report a Monte Carlo simulation indicating that our analytic bounds on the memory time are tight up to constant coefficients. To model the readout step we introduce a new decoding algorithm, which can be implemented efficiently for any topological stabilizer code. A longer version of this work can be found in Bravyi and Haah, arXiv:1112.3252.
Stem cell‐based composite tissue constructs for regenerative medicine (2005)

A major task of contemporary medicine and dentistry is restoration of human tissues and organs lost to diseases and trauma. A decade-long intense effort in tissue engineering has provided the proof of concept for cell-based replacement of a number of individual tissues such as the skin, cartilage, and bone. Recent work in stem cell-based in vivo restoration of multiple tissue phenotypes by composite tissue constructs such as osteochondral and fibro-osseous grafts has demonstrated probable clues for bioengineered replacement of complex anatomical structures consisting of multiple cell lineages such as the synovial joint condyle, tendon-bone complex, bone-ligament junction, and the periodontium. Of greater significance is a tangible contribution by current attempts to restore the structure and function of multitissue structures using cell-based composite tissue constructs to the understanding of ultimate biological restoration of complex organs such as the kidney or liver. The present review focuses on recent advances in stem cell-based composite tissue constructs and attempts to outline challenges for the manipulation of stem cells in tailored biomaterials in alignment with approaches potentially utilizable in regenerative medicine of human tissues and organs.
Synthetic Strategies towards Imidazopyridinones and 7‐Azaoxindoles and their Evaluation as Antibacterial Agents (2021)

Abstract Imidazopyridinones and 7‐azaoxindoles are two classes of heterocyclic compounds with only limited previous use in organic and medicinal chemistry. Various synthetic methods and routes have been evaluated to identify safe and robust chemistry to advanced imidazopyridinone building blocks and inhibitor structures. Preparation of the 7‐azaoxindoles was challenged by instability of the core scaffold. Key to the successful isolation of the target structure was development of a mild Suzuki cross‐coupling in non‐aqueous media. The imidazopyridinones were potent inhibitors of the E. coli thymidylate monophosphate kinase, while the 7‐azaoxindole showed low activity. The compounds were inactive in cell‐based studies, indicating poor cell wall penetration.
Synchronous Plasma Pulsing for silicon Etch Applications (2010)

International audience
Survey of the Evaluation Methods used in Child Psychiatry Training Programs (1976)

RésuméOn présente les données d'un sondage du processus d'évaluation utilisé dans un programme de formation pédopsychiatrique. Une grande partie de la documentation liée à l'entraînement de l'évaluation psychiatrique provient de disciplines autres que celles de la psychiatrie.On a surtout analysé les données du sondage, afin de constater l'étendue des procédures du programme de formation en pédopsychiatrie, relevées dans cette enquête; elles sont précises. Les candidats engagés dans cette formation d'évaluation en mettant en pratique ce processus d'évaluation tout en prenant en considération cette évaluation, continue d'être d'une extrême importance dans leur formation.Un peu plus de 70% des directeurs de tous ceux qui s'occupent des programmes de formation des candidats, et ceci à travers les Etats-Unis, ont répondu à cette enquête. Même s'il s'est établi un accord général sur l'importance de l'évaluation, l'application d'une variabilité de méthodes est également devenue évidente. On a mis l'accent sur l'évaluation du candidat plutôt que dans le programme ou dans la faculté. La faculté agissant d'abord comme évaluateur et les programmes universitaires ou des programmes affiliés à des universités sont plus enclins à utiliser des procédures formelles que des programmes non universitaires.La variabilité des approches a soulevé une inconsistance de communication entre les programmes sur ce processus d'évaluation; comment cette formation se tientelle à jour? Le degré de mobilité permettant aux résidents de passer d'un programme à un autre peut-il être toléré sans porter atteinte à leur propre formation, et de ce fait assuré au patient, qu'il peut être assuré d'un service compétent, lorsqu'il requiert les services d'un pédopsychiatre pour leurs enfants.
Effect of the mode of introduction of cobalt into a composite zeolite catalyst on the product composition of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (2015)

It has been shown that the mode of introduction of cobalt into a granular composite catalyst based on an HB zeolite has an effect on the characteristics and composition of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. It has been found that the introduction of skeletal cobalt into the composition of the catalyst by wet mixing provides a higher productivity with respect to C5+ hydrocarbons (HCs). A catalyst prepared by impregnation of zeolite-containing granules has been found to exhibit the highest selectivity, while the highest specific activity has been revealed for a composite containing a Co/HB impregnation powder catalyst introduced by wet mixing. It has been shown that high specific activity does not provide high productivity in the formation of C5+ HCs and, to achieve a high productivity of the catalyst, it is necessary to form granules exhibiting heat conductivity and having a developed porous system for optimization of heat and mass transfer.
AB569, a nontoxic chemical tandem that kills major human pathogenic bacteria (2020)

Antibiotic-resistant superbug bacteria represent a global health problem with no imminent solutions. Here we demonstrate that the combination (termed AB569) of acidified nitrite (A-NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) and Na<sub>2</sub>-EDTA (disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) inhibited all Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria tested. AB569 was also efficacious at killing the model organism <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in biofilms and in a murine chronic lung infection model. AB569 was not toxic to human cell lines at bactericidal concentrations using a basic viability assay. RNA-Seq analyses upon treatment of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> with AB569 revealed a catastrophic loss of the ability to support core pathways encompassing DNA, RNA, protein, ATP biosynthesis, and iron metabolism. Electrochemical analyses elucidated that AB569 produced more stable SNO proteins, potentially explaining one mechanism of bacterial killing. Our data implicate that AB569 is a safe and effective means to kill pathogenic bacteria, suggesting that simple strategies could be applied with highly advantageous therapeutic/toxicity index ratios to pathogens associated with a myriad of periepithelial infections and related disease scenarios.
Cationic lipids derived from glycine betaine promote efficient and non‐toxic gene transfection in cultured hepatocytes (2002)

The non-toxic GB12 formulation is a powerful vehicle for plasmid delivery in cultured hepatocytes with relevance in liver gene therapy.
Increasing the peak data rate of 3G downlink packet data systems using multiple antennas (2004)

A recent result in information theory states that the open-loop Shannon capacity of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) link can be achieved if the data streams for each transmit antenna are separately encoded (possibly at different rates) and if a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver with post-decoding successive interference cancellation is used. Motivated by this result, we propose multiple antenna architecture, called per-antenna rate control (PARC), for providing downlink packet data services based on the fat-pipe architecture currently under development for 3G mobile wireless systems. Using T transmit antennas, the proposed system can potentially achieve a peak data rate T times that of the conventional system with a single transmit antenna. We perform system-level simulations and find that the sector throughput of the MIMO proposal using 4 transmit antenna and 4 antennas at each receiver is a factor of 1.75 greater than that of a conventional system with single antenna transmission and 4 antenna receive diversity.
Parallel programming systems for LAN distributed computing (2002)

The goal of the paper is to describe run time efficiency of distributed computing environments. Six tools: PVM, P4, ANSA, SR, Strand, and Linda were chosen and investigated because they represent different approaches to distributed programming systems construction. The experimental results of communication tests and processor farm model efficiency are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quasi-aplanatic free-form V-groove collimators for LED colour mixing (2012)

Two quasi-aplanatic free-form solid V-groove collimators are presented in this work. Both optical designs are originally designed using the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in three dimensions (SMS 3D). The second optically active surface in both free-form V-groove devices is designed a posteriori as a grooved surface. First two mirror (XX) design is designed in order to clearly show the design procedure and working principle of these devices. Second, RXI free-form design is comparable with existing RXI collimators; it is a compact and highly efficient design made of polycarbonate (PC) performing very good colour mixing of the RGGB LED sources placed off-axis. There have been presented rotationally symmetric non-aplanatic high efficiency collimators with colour mixing property to be improved and rotationally symmetric aplanatic devices with good colour mixing property and efficiency to be improved. The aim of this work was to design a free-form device in order to improve colour mixing property of the rotationally symmetric non-aplanatic RXI devices and the efficiency of the aplanatic ones.
A Gait Monitoring System Based on Air Pressure Sensors Embedded in a Shoe (2009)

Measurement of ground contact forces (GCFs) provides necessary information to detect human gait phases. In this paper, a new analysis method of the GCF signals is discussed for detection of the gait phases. Human gaits are complicated, and the gait phases cannot be exactly distinguished by comparing sensor outputs to a threshold. This paper proposes a method by fuzzy logic for detecting the gait phases continuously and smoothly. The smooth and continuous detection of the gait phases enables a full use of information obtained from GCF sensors. For advanced rehabilitation systems, this paper also introduces a higher level algorithm that quantitatively monitors the amount of abnormalities in a human gait. The abnormalities detected by the proposed method include an improper GCF pattern as well as an incorrect sequence of the gait phases. To realize the monitoring algorithm, the gait phases are analyzed as a vector and the abnormalities are detected by simple kinematic equations. The proposed methods are implemented by using signals from sensor-embedded shoes called smart shoes. Each smart shoe has four GCF sensors installed between the cushion pad and the sole. The GCF sensor applies an air pressure sensor connected to an air bladder. A gait monitoring system that integrates the proposed methods is shown in this paper and verified for both normal and abnormal gaits.
Design and Model Making of Electric Vehicle Charging Station (2023)

Abstract: An EV charging station is a facility designed to supply electric power for charging electric vehicles (EVs). As the demand for EVs continues to grow due to their environmental benefits and cost savings, the demand for EV charging stations is increasing rapidly. This paper provides an abstract for an EV charging station, covering topics such as the different types of EV charging stations, their working principles, the importance of charging infrastructure, and the benefits of using EVs. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with the development and deployment of EV charging stations, including their cost, availability of charging points, and the need for standardization. Furthermore, the paper presents some possible solutions to overcome these challenges, such as promoting government incentives, adopting innovative technologies, and increasing collaboration among industry stakeholders. Overall, the paper provides an insightful overview of EV charging stations, highlighting the importance of these facilities for the widespread adoption of EVs and the transition to a sustainable transportation system.
Introduction to light microscopy: from the basics to advanced and beyond. (2013)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Cycloadditions of a 4‐Methoxy‐3‐oxidopyrylium Ylid: A Reagent for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Seven‐Membered Rings and Tetrahydrofurans. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Soliton-based optical kerr frequency comb for low-noise microwave generation (2017)

Photonic generation of microwaves has shown record level low-noise performance, using optical frequency combs. We demonstrate direct low-noise microwaves with optical microresonator frequency combs via dissipative Kerr temporal soliton formation.
Deep Learning and Symbolic Regression for Discovering Parametric Equations (2022)

Symbolic regression is a machine learning technique that can learn the governing formulas of data and thus has the potential to transform scientific discovery. However, symbolic regression is still limited in the complexity and dimensionality of the systems that it can analyze. Deep learning on the other hand has transformed machine learning in its ability to analyze extremely complex and high-dimensional datasets. We propose a neural network architecture to extend symbolic regression to parametric systems where some coefficient may vary but the structure of the underlying governing equation remains constant. We demonstrate our method on various analytic expressions, ODEs, and PDEs with varying coefficients and show that it extrapolates well outside of the training domain. The neural network-based architecture can also integrate with other deep learning architectures so that it can analyze high-dimensional data while being trained end-to-end. To this end we integrate our architecture with convolutional neural networks to analyze 1D images of varying spring systems.
Ferroelectric tunability: From characterization to telecomunication application (2012)

Advanced dielectric spectroscopy enables studying of the ferroelectric complex permittivity. Interpretation with the hyperbolic law provides a better fundamental understanding of the material's tunability: bulk contribution, domain wall vibration and displacements may be discerned. Applications, like mobile telecommunication terminals may profit for the design of miniaturized and tunable antennas. As an example, conception and realization of a notch slot antenna with an integrated ferroelectric thin film varactor is presented.
Influence of Surfactant Bilayers and Substrate Immobilization on the Refractive Index Sensitivity of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles (2015)

Shape-controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles generally involves the use of surfactants to regulate the nucleation growth process and to obtain colloidally stable nanoparticles. The surfactants ...
Authentication strategies in vehicular communications: a taxonomy and framework (2021)

Abstract In intelligent vehicular networks, vehicles have enhanced sensing capabilities and carry computing and communication platforms to enable new versatile systems known as Vehicular Communication (VC) systems. Vehicles communicate with other vehicles and with nearby fixed equipment to support different applications, including those which increase driver awareness of the surroundings. This should result in improved safety and may optimize traffic. However, VC systems are vulnerable to cyber attacks involving message manipulation. Research aimed at tackling this problem has resulted in the proposal of multiple authentication protocols. Several existing survey papers have attempted to classify some of these protocols based on a limited set of characteristics. However, to date there is no generic framework to support the comparison of these protocols and provide guidance for design and evaluation. Most existing classifications either use computation complexity of cryptographic techniques as a criterion, or they fail to make connections between different important aspects of authentication. This paper provides such a framework, proposing a new taxonomy to enable a consistent means of classifying authentication schemes based upon seven main criteria. The main contribution of this study is a framework to enable protocol designers and investigators to adequately compare and select authentication schemes when deciding on particular protocols to implement in an application. Our framework can be applied in design, making choices appropriate for the intended context in both intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle communications. We demonstrate the application of our framework using two different types of case study: individual analysis and hypothetical design. Additionally, this work makes several related contributions. We present the network model, outline the applications, list the communication patterns and the underlying standards, and discuss the necessity of using cryptography and key management in VC systems. We also review the threats, authentication, and privacy requirements in vehicular networks.
Research paper Panning of multiple subsets of leukocytes on antibody-decorated poly(ethylene) glycol-coated glass slides (2006)

The antibody (Ab) array format provides a unique opportunity to pan and characterize multiple leukocyte subsets in parallel. However,thequestionsofreproducibilityandrobustnessofleukocytepanningon Abarraysneedtobeanswered for this technologyto become an immunophenotyping tool. The present study sought to address several of these questions, including: (1) purity of leukocytesubsetscapturedon Abregions,(2)dynamics ofleukocytebinding,(3) elimination ofnon-specificcelladhesion,and(4) standardization of cell washing conditions. Abs for CD4 T-cells, CD8 T-cells, CD36 monocytes, and CD16b neutrophils were dispensed onto standard glass slides containing a thin film of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel. PEG gel coating was highly effective in eliminated non-specific cell adhesion on the surface. Incubation of the Ab arrays with red blood cell (RBC) depleted whole blood resulting in antigen-specific panning of leukocyte subsets on the respective Ab domains. A flow through chamber was employed to determine optimal shear stress conditions for removal of non-specifically attached cells. The purity of the four subsets remaining on the surface after washing was determined by Wright staining and immunofluorescence, and was found to be as follows: CD4 T-cells (99.2±0.3%), CD8 T-cells (98.7±0.3%), CD36 monocytes (97.2±0.9%), and CD16b neutrophils (99.1± 0.6%). In conclusion, the methods described in this study allow to separate whole blood into pure leukocyte subsets with minimal samplepreparation andhandling.Theseapproaches willbe valuableinthefuturedevelopmentofAbarraysastoolsforquantitative immunophenotyping of leukocytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Aryl Triazolic Derivatives and Their Hydroxymethine Homologues Against B16 Melanoma Cell Line. (2016)

Abstract A wide range of triazole derivatives (III) (72 examples) are synthesized via copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reaction.
Balancing the Effects of Extinction and Enhancement for Optimal Signal in Surface-Enhanced Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (2016)

The field of ultrafast surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is rapidly expanding; however, few applications for these new techniques have been demonstrated. One obstacle for the widespread application of ultrafast SERS is the addition of highly enhancing and scattering plasmonic substrates to already complex nonlinear spectroscopies. The competition between extinction and enhancement in ultrafast SERS techniques complicates the optimization of a number of experimental parameters. Here we study the concentration and path length dependences of signal quality in surface-enhanced femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SE-FSRS). We find that in contrast to previous studies of spontaneous SERS which use signal magnitudes to define optimal experimental parameters, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are the best measure of ideal experimental parameters in SE-FSRS. We report ideal concentrations and path lengths to use in transmissive geometry SE-FSRS experiments with colloidal nanoparticle substrates. Our results indicate that despite competing effects from SERS and FSRS mechanisms, similarly performed SE-FSRS and SERS experiments yield maximum SNRs using the same concentration and path length due to the overwhelming effects of extinction. By understanding how to optimize SE-FSRS experimental parameters, ultrafast SERS, and SE-FSRS in particular, can be more readily applied to future plasmonically enhanced spectroscopic studies.