gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multistatic sensor placement: a tracking perspective (2005)

Sonar tracking using measurements from multistatic sensors has shown promise: there are benefits in terms of robustness, complementarity (covariance-ellipse intersection) and of course simply due to the increased probability of detection that naturally accrues from a well-designed data fusion system. It is not always clear what the placement of the sources and receivers that gives the best fused measurement covariance for any target--or at least for any target that is of interest--might be. In this paper, we investigate the problem as one of global optimization, in which the objective is to maximize the information provided to the tracker. We assume that the number of sensors is known, so that the optimization is done in a continuous space. We consider di.erent scenarios and numbers of sensors. The strong variability of target strength as a function of aspect is integral to the cost function we optimize. Numerical results are given, these suggesting that certain sensor geometries should be used. We have a number of intuitive suggestions that do not involve optimization for sensor layout.
Using mm-Waves for Secret Key Establishment (2018)

The fact that Millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication needs to be directional is usually perceived as a challenge; in this paper we argue that it enables efficient secret key sharing that are unconditionally secure from passive eavesdroppers, by building on packet erasures. We showcase the potential of our approach in two setups: mmWave-based WiFi networks and vehicle platooning. We show that in the first case, we can establish a few hundred secret bits with minimal changes to standard communication protocol; while in both cases, with the right choice of parameters, we can potentially establish keys in the order of tenths of Mbps. These first results are based on some simplifying assumptions, yet we believe they give incentives to further explore such techniques.
Cutting Edge: CD94/NKG2 Is Expressed on Th1 But Not Th2 Cells and Costimulates Th1 Effector Functions (2002)

Th1 and Th2 cells can be phenotypically distinguished by very few cell surface markers. To identify cell surface molecules that are specifically expressed on Th1 cells, we have generated a panel of mAbs that specifically bind the surfaces of murine Th1 but not Th2 cells. One of these Abs identified the NK cell receptor CD94 as a molecule also specifically expressed on the surface of Th1 cells. As in NK cells, CD94 is expressed on Th1 cells together with members of the NKG2 family of molecules, including NKG2A, C, and E. Cross-linking these receptors on differentiated Th1 cells in vitro costimulates proliferation and cytokine production with a potency similar to that obtained by cross-linking CD28. We propose that CD94/NKG2 heterodimers may costimulate effector functions of differentiated Th1 cells.
MultiXNet: Multiclass Multistage Multimodal Motion Prediction (2021)

One of the critical pieces of the self-driving puzzle is understanding the surroundings of a self-driving vehicle (SDV) and predicting how these surroundings will change in the near future. To address this task we propose MultiXNet, an end-to-end approach for detection and motion prediction based directly on lidar sensor data. This approach builds on prior work by handling multiple classes of traffic actors, adding a jointly trained second-stage trajectory refinement step, and producing a multimodal probability distribution over future actor motion that includes both multiple discrete traffic behaviors and calibrated continuous position uncertainties. The method was evaluated on large-scale, real-world data collected by a fleet of SDV s in several cities, with the results indicating that it outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Quantitative Analysis and Prognostic Implication of SARS Coronavirus RNA in the Plasma and Serum of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2003)

Plasma/serum SARS-CoV quantification represents a potentially useful early diagnostic and prognostic tool for SARS.
Patiromer Decreases Serum Potassium and Phosphate Levels in Patients on Hemodialysis (2016)

Background: Persistent hyperkalemia (serum potassium (K) ≥5.5 mEq/l) is a common condition in hemodialysis (HD) patients, is associated with increased mortality,
A Large, Novel Polyoxotungstate: [AsW65O217(H2O)7]26− (2001)

The largest tungstoarsenate(III) known to date is [AsW65O217(H2O)7]26− (1). This novel polyoxoanion is isolated as its potassium salt in aqueous, acidic medium in good yield. Structural characterization is based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 183W NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The compact structure of 1 with an idealized C2h symmetry (see picture) consists of four inner (β-AsW9O33) and two outer (α-AsW9O33) fragments (red) that are linked together by a total of eleven corner-sharing WO6 octahedra (green, yellow).
Monolithic Chiral Nematic Organization of Cellulose Nanocrystals under Capillary Confinement (2021)

We demonstrate bioenabled crack-free chiral nematic films prepared <i>via</i> a unidirectional flow of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the capillary confinement. To facilitate the uniform long-range nanocrystal organization during drying, we utilized tunicate-inspired hydrogen-bonding-rich 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride (TOPA) for physical cross-linking of nanocrystals with enhanced hydrogen bonding and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a relaxer of internal stresses in the vicinity of the capillary surface. The CNC/TOPA/PEG film is organized as a left-handed chiral structure parallel to flat walls, and the inner volume of the films displayed transitional herringbone organization across the interfacial region. The resulting thin films also exhibit high mechanical performance compared to brittle films with multiple cracks commonly observed for capillary-formed pure CNC films. The chiral nematic ordering of modified TOPA-PEG-CNC material propagates through the entire thickness of robust monolithic films and across centimeter-sized surface areas, facilitating consistent, vivid iridescence, and enhanced circular polarization. The best performance that prevents the cracks was achieved for a CNC/TOPA/PEG film with a minimal, 3% amount of TOPA. Overall, we suggest that intercalation of small highly adhesive molecules to cellulose nanocrystal-polymer matrices can facilitate uniform flow of liquid crystal phase and drying inside the capillary, resulting in improvement of the ultimate tensile strength and toughness (77% and 100% increase, respectively) with controlled uniform optical reflection and enhanced circular polarization unachievable during regular drying conditions.
Matching of DUT Interconnection Pattern with CAD Layout in CAD-Linked Electron Beam Test System (Special Issue on LSI Failure Analysis) (1994)

In more than a half of the patients, the acceptance of illness decreases after surgery and is at an average level. Male patients, patients aged 50-69 years, with primary, middle or vocational education, employed persons show a significantly worse illness acceptance, regardless of their place of residence, and occupational activity do not influence the acceptance of the disease.
Synthesis of Patched or Stacked Graphene and hBN Flakes: A Route to Hybrid Structure Discovery (2013)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have attracted significant attention due to their remarkable properties. Numerous interesting graphene/hBN hybrid structures have been proposed but their implementation has been very limited. In this work, the synthesis of patched structures through consecutive chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on the same substrate was investigated. Both in-plane junctions and stacked layers were obtained. For stacked layers, depending on the synthesis sequence, in one case turbostratic stacking with random rotations were obtained. In another, "AA-like", slightly twisted stacking between graphene and hBN was observed with lattice orientation misalignment consistently to be <1°. Raman characterizations not only confirmed that hBN is a superior substrate but also revealed for the first time that a graphene edge with hBN passivation displays reduced D band intensity compared to an open edge. These studies pave the way for the proposed well-ordered graphene/hBN structures and outline exciting future directions for hybrid 2D materials.
Collimator for Variable Sensitivity and Spatial Resolution Without the Need for Exchange (2014)

A new design of collimator is proposed that has variable sensitivity and spatial resolution, eliminating the need for exchanging collimators in a gamma camera. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the present article evaluates the shielding of undesirable gamma rays in a parallel-hole collimator. It consists of a number of layers of rectangular holes. These layers consist of alternately stacked fixed and movable collimators. In high-resolution mode, the movable collimators are shifted by half the aperture pitch along the diagonal direction. The first collimator (type A) has 50 layers with fixed thicknesses of 1.2 mm. The second collimator (type B) has 25 layers with a thickness of 1.0 mm on the object side and 25 layers with a thickness of 1.4 mm on the opposite side. The third collimator (type C) has 20 layers with non-uniform thicknesses. The ratios of the maximum artificial peak to the main-peak are calculated for point-source responses. The ratios for types A, B, and C collimators are 0.78, 0.08, and 0.03, respectively. The same performance for shielding undesirable gamma rays is achieved in the type C collimator as for a conventional collimator.
Electrical characterization and the strain compensation effect and thermal stability of B-doped heterostructures (1996)

High-resolution reciprocal lattice mapping (HRRLM) and Hall measurements have been used to characterize the strain, the strain compensation effect, thermal stability and electrical properties of B-doped heterostructures grown at for boron concentrations in the range to and for Ge contents in the range . High-temperature furnace annealing in the range from 500 to was employed. Lattice parameters and lattice distortions in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the growth direction were determined directly as a function of annealing temperature. HRRLM results show that the strain generated in the Si lattice by Ge atoms was partly compensated by B. No broadening around the layer peak was observed for samples for , but for higher B concentrations, for example , a broadening around the layer peak is observed, indicating defects in the layer; this is consistent with transmission electron microscopy micrographs showing (2D) B precipitates on (001) planes. Thermal strain relaxation in layers increased with increasing . For the annealed sample with , a large boron diffusion into the substrate was found by SIMS and for higher boron concentrations, i.e. , 3D boron-related precipitates were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Hall and drift mobilities and their dependence on the strain in B-doped SiGe have also been studied. For strain-compensated samples, which have a low Ge fraction, the Ge atoms give a reduction of both Hall and drift mobilities, while for higher Ge concentrations there is an enhancement of the drift mobility.
Search for CP violation in $$ {D}_{(s)}^{+} $$ → K−K+K+ decays (2023)

A bstract A search for direct CP violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay $$ {D}_s^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> → K − K + K + and in the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D + → K − K + K + is reported. The analysis is performed with data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 fb − 1 . The search is conducted by comparing the $$ {D}_{(s)}^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mfenced><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mfenced><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> and $$ {D}_{(s)}^{-} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mfenced><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mfenced><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> Dalitz-plot distributions through a model-independent binned technique, based on fits to the K − K + K + invariant-mass distributions, with a total of 0.97 (1.27) million $$ {D}_s^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> ( D + ) signal candidates. The results are given as p -values for the hypothesis of CP conservation and are found to be 13.3% for the $$ {D}_s^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> → K − K + K + decay and 31.6% for the D + → K − K + K + decay. No evidence for CP violation is observed in these decays.
Survey on UAV Cellular Communications: Practical Aspects, Standardization Advancements, Regulation, and Security Challenges (2018)

The rapid growth of consumer Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is creating promising new business opportunities for cellular operators. On the one hand, UAVs can be connected to cellular networks as new types of user equipment, therefore generating significant revenues for the operators that can guarantee their stringent service requirements. On the other hand, UAVs offer the unprecedented opportunity to realize UAV-mounted flying base stations that can dynamically reposition themselves to boost coverage, spectral efficiency, and user quality of experience. Indeed, the standardization bodies are currently exploring possibilities for serving commercial UAVs with cellular networks. Industries are beginning to trial early prototypes of flying base stations or user equipments, while academia is in full swing researching mathematical and algorithmic solutions to address interesting new problems arising from flying nodes in cellular networks. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey of all of these developments promoting smooth integration of UAVs into cellular networks. Specifically, we survey (i) the types of consumer UAVs currently available off-the-shelf, (ii) the interference issues and potential solutions addressed by standardization bodies for serving aerial users with the existing terrestrial base stations, (iii) the challenges and opportunities for assisting cellular communications with UAV-based flying relays and base stations, (iv) the ongoing prototyping and test bed activities, (v) the new regulations being developed to manage the commercial use of UAVs, and (vi) the cyber-physical security of UAV-assisted cellular communications.
EUV calibration and irradiation tests of CMOS APS prototypes for EUI, the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on-board Solar Orbiter (2013)

For the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) of the Solar Orbiter mission, planned to be launched in 2017, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensor (APS) prototypes have been developed. A set of measurements and irradiation tests were carried out to evaluate their EUV performance characteristics and to investigate their expected degradation under the space environment of Solar Orbiter. Introduction The Solar Orbiter mission is the next major space observatory of the European Space Agency (ESA) for solar and heliospheric physics studies. The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) [1] on-board Solar Orbiter consists of a suite of two high-resolution imagers (HRI) and one dual-band full Sun imager (FSI) telescopes that will provide extreme ultraviolet (EUV, at 17.4 and 30.4 nm) and Lyman(hydrogen spectral line at 121.6 nm) images of the solar atmospheric layers. For the EUI instruments, a project has been initiated to develop a dedicated CMOS APS with low readout noise and high sensitivity in the EUV range. To be sensitive to the EUV range, i.e., in the 15-30 nm range, a backside illumination (BSI) approach is proposed. A set of radiometric calibration campaigns in the visible and EUV ranges have been carried out before and after the irradiation tests to characterize and to assess the maturity of the CMOS APS technology. Figure 1. Photography of the prototype sensors, left: 256 x 256 pixels area. Right: 1024 x 1024 pixels format mounted in their vacuum compatible printed circuit boards and protected by a cover glass. Detector design and operation The 10x10 μm pixel structure is based on the 4 transistors photodiode pixel design. The EUV sensitivity is achieved with backside illumination on a silicon-oninsulator (SOI) material in 0.18 μm CMOS process. The epitaxial Si layer is thinned down to either 2.75 or 2.6 μm depending on the prototypes to gain further sensitivity in the EUV range. A particularity of the detector is that it applies a so-called ‘dual-transfer’ scheme to achieve high dynamic range (DR) and to minimize the noise contribution from the analog chain. The approach is to readout the pixel through a high gain (HG) and low gain (LG) path. The associated capacitance nodes determine the sensitivity of the pixel path, i.e. the smaller the capacitance, the higher the conversion gain (volts per electron). As a result, pixel can achieve extremely low readout noise producing a high conversion gain. The sensor architecture details and operation are reported elsewhere [2-3]. 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ex te rn al Q ua nt um E ff ic ie nc y (% ) Wavelength (nm) APT-BSI-1024-017 (Si epi = 2.6 m) --> EQE 17.4nm = 71% APT-BSI-256-012 (Si epi = 2.75 m) --> EQE 17.4nm = 52%
Influences on the Rate of Absorption of the Cholecystographic Contrast Medium Iosumetic Acid in Man (1976)

Groups of 5 fasting male and female patients aged 32-83 years were each given 3 gm of the cholecystographic contrast medium iosumetic acid in micronized form (particle size less than 20 mum); Group I with 150 ml tea (standard administration); Group II with 500 ml tea; Group III with 150 ml tea plus 10 mg metoclopramide (Paspertin) 5 min p. admin. i.v.; and Group IV with 150 ml tea and 3 gm sodium bicarbonate. Blood samples were taken in the period up to 6 hours after administration in order to determine the iodine concentration according to the method of Juegst and Stauch. In Groups I and II maximum blood levels were reached 2.1 +/- 0.4 or 2.0 +/- 0.4 h p. admin. respectively, in Group III 1.6 +/- 0.2 h p. admin (in comparison to Group I: p less than 0.05) and in Group IV the maximum level was reached after only 0.9 +/- 0.2 h p. admin. The difference between Group IV and the other three groups is statistically significant (p less than 0.01). A half-life of 0.3 +/- 0.1 h was calculated for absorption in Group IV.
Extension of OKID to Output-Only System Identification (2014)

Observer/Kalman filter IDentification (OKID) is a successful approach for the estimation, from measured input-output data, of the linear state-space model describing the dynamic behavior of a structure. From such a mathematical model, it is possible to recover the modal parameters, which can be exploited to update a detailed numerical model of the structure, e.g. a Finite Element Model (FEM), to be used to predict the structural response to future excitation and to evaluate damage scenarios. This paper extends OKID to output-only system identification, i.e. to the case where only the response of the structure is measured and the input is unknown. The approach is suitable for structural health monitoring based on modal parameters, in particular for those civil infrastructures whose excitation is random in nature and in the way it is applied to the structure (e.g. wind, traffic) and therefore is difficult to measure. The paper rigorously proves the applicability of the OKID approach to the output-only case, presents the resulting new algorithms and demonstrates them via a numerical example.
3-D Heterogeneous Electronics by Transfer Printing (2007)

Here we describe an approach, called transfer printing, to allow the combination of broad classes of materials into three-dimensional (3-D) heterogeneously integrated electronic devices. The process involves fabrication of source wafers that contain high performance single crystal devices from materials including, but not limited to, silicon, gallium arsenide and gallium nitride. These devices are then delineated and transferred to a target substrate using an elastomeric stamp. The transferred devices are then interconnected to underlying circuitry and the process is repeated to build up a 3-D stack. This talk will describe the transfer printing process and will discuss examples of 3-D heterogeneous circuits that have been fabricated. The merits and challenges of transfer printing will be discussed, along with a description of ideal applications for transfer printing of high performance electronics.
Cutting Edge: TIGIT Has T Cell-Intrinsic Inhibitory Functions (2011)

Costimulatory molecules regulate the functional outcome of T cell activation, and disturbance of the balance between activating and inhibitory signals results in increased susceptibility to infection or the induction of autoimmunity. Similar to the well-characterized CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory pathway, a newly emerging pathway consisting of CD226 and T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) has been associated with susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the role of the putative coinhibitory molecule TIGIT and show that loss of TIGIT in mice results in hyperproliferative T cell responses and increased susceptibility to autoimmunity. TIGIT is thought to indirectly inhibit T cell responses by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. By generating an agonistic anti-TIGIT Ab, we demonstrate that TIGIT can inhibit T cell responses directly independent of APCs. Microarray analysis of T cells stimulated with agonistic anti-TIGIT Ab revealed that TIGIT can act directly on T cells by attenuating TCR-driven activation signals.
Rap1 and its effector KRIT1/CCM1 regulate β-catenin signaling (2009)

KRIT1, also called CCM1, is a member of a multiprotein complex that contains the products of the CCM2 and PDCD10 (also known as CCM3) loci. Heterozygous loss of any of the genes that encode these proteins leads to cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), which are vascular lesions that are found in around 0.5% of humans. KRIT1 mediates the stabilization of beta-catenin-containing endothelial cell-cell junctions downstream of the Rap1 GTPase. Here, we report that Rap1 and KRIT1 are negative regulators of canonical beta-catenin signaling in mice and that hemizygous Krit1 deficiency exacerbates beta-catenin-driven pathologies. Depletion of endothelial KRIT1 caused beta-catenin to dissociate from vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and to accumulate in the nucleus with consequent increases in beta-catenin-dependent transcription. Activation of Rap1 inhibited beta-catenin-dependent transcription in confluent endothelial cells; this effect required the presence of intact cell-cell junctions and KRIT1. These effects of KRIT1 were not limited to endothelial cells; the KRIT1 protein was expressed widely and its depletion increased beta-catenin signaling in epithelial cells. Moreover, a reduction in KRIT1 expression also increased beta-catenin signaling in vivo. Hemizygous deficiency of Krit1 resulted in a ~1.5-fold increase in intestinal polyps in the Apc(Min/+) mouse, which was associated with increased beta-catenin-driven transcription. Thus, KRIT1 regulates beta-catenin signaling, and Krit1(+/-) mice are more susceptible to beta-catenin-driven intestinal adenomas.