gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence probes for investigation of epoxy systems and monitoring of crosslinking processes (1999)

The fluorescence behavior of 1,1′-dimethyl-2,2′-carbocyanine and p-N,N-dimethylamino-styryl-2-ethylpyridinium was investigated in several epoxy systems. Time-correlated single photon counting was used for all fluorescence measurements to obtain the rate constant for viscosity or mobility-dependent nonradiative processes of the probe. Microviscosity effects were discussed on the basis of a model describing the microfriction between matrix and probe molecules. The probes investigated are able to detect the glass-transition temperature of the materials investigated. These compounds also show a dependence on the mobility in the glassy state. The probes applied in this work also can be used to monitor the crosslinking process of several epoxy systems containing 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agent. The epoxides used for the crosslinking process were 2,2′-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(4,1-phenyleneoxymethylene)bis-oxiranemethaneamine] [common name, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)], N-oxiranylmethyl-N-phenyl-oxiranylmethane [common name, diglycidyl aniline (DGA)], and epoxy novolacs of different functionality. The networks obtained have a different morphology, which was studied by the fluorescence probe technology. The structure of the epoxy compound has an important influence on the probe behavior because both network density and size of the free volume influence the photochemical behavior of the probe. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1367–1386, 1999
Transabdominal Ultrasound Measurement of Detrusor Wall Thickness in Patients with Overactive Bladder (2009)

To measure the detrusor wall thickness (DWT) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) to determine whether it can be used as a biomarker for assessment in these patients. Transabdominal sonography of the bladder using an 8-MHz probe to measure DWT was performed in patients with OAB dry, OAB wet and healthy controls. Bladder volume was determined by the summation of the voided volume and the postvoid residual. The DWT for a bladder volume less than 250 mL was further corrected to an equivalent volume of 250 mL and then compared among subgroups of men and women A total of 208 subjects were recruited, including 69 controls, 89 patients with OAB dry and 50 patients with OAB wet. There were 101 men and 107 women. Wide variations in the DWT were noted among the subgroups. After correction for bladder volume, DWT in the OAB dry and OAB wet groups was significantly higher in men (1.41 ± 0.30 mm and 1.50 ± 0.48 mm, respectively; p< 0.0001) but not in women (1.21 ± 0.36 mm and 1.32 ± 0.39 mm, respectively; p > 0.05) when compared to controls (men, 1.02 ± 0.24 mm; women, 1.11 ± 0.32 mm). Men with OAB dry had a significantly higher corrected DWT than women, but the corrected DWT showed no significant difference between men and women with OAB wet DWT values in patients with OAB were increased in men but not in women, suggesting a difference in the underlying pathophysiology in men with OAB. Based on our results, we do not recommend using DWT as a biomarker for assessing OAB in women.
KNaNbO<inf>3</inf>-LiTaO<inf>3</inf>-LiSbO<inf>3</inf> Thin Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2006)

Morphotropic phase boundary composition KNaNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -LiSbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (KNN-LT-LS) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on niobium doped conductive SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrates. Using X-ray diffractometry, the phase evolution, stoichiometry, and growth orientation were monitored for various deposition conditions including temperature and ambient oxygen partial pressure. The results indicate that the scattering of the cations such as potassium, sodium, and lithium by the oxygen molecules is a very critical factor in the formation of the secondary phases in the films. We report thin films with a good crystallinity grown at 650degC and in ambient oxygen partial pressure. On 1 micron films, a longitudinal relative permittivity of 500, along with a loss tangent of 0.5% at 1 MHz has been obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Solavetivone via a Copper‐ Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Me3Al to a Cyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone Intermediate. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preparation and characterization of nickel-spiked freshwater sediments for toxicity tests: Toward more environmentally realistic nickel partitioning (2013)

Abstract Two spiking methods were compared and nickel (Ni) partitioning was evaluated during a series of toxicity tests with 8 different freshwater sediments having a range of physicochemical characteristics. A 2-step spiking approach with immediate pH adjustment by addition of NaOH at a 2:1 molar ratio to the spiked Ni was effective in producing consistent pH and other chemical characteristics across a range of Ni spiking levels. When Ni was spiked into sediment having a high acid-volatile sulfide and organic matter content, a total equilibration period of at least 10 wk was needed to stabilize Ni partitioning. However, highest spiking levels evidently exceeded sediment binding capacities; therefore, a 7-d equilibration in toxicity test chambers and 8 volume-additions/d of aerobic overlying water were used to avoid unrealistic Ni partitioning during toxicity testing. The 7-d pretest equilibration allowed excess spiked Ni and other ions from pH adjustment to diffuse from sediment porewater and promoted development of an environmentally relevant, 0.5- to 1-cm oxic/suboxic sediment layer in the test chambers. Among the 8 different spiked sediments, the logarithm of sediment/porewater distribution coefficient values (log Kd) for Ni during the toxicity tests ranged from 3.5 to 4.5. These Kd values closely match the range of values reported for various field Ni-contaminated sediments, indicating that testing conditions with our spiked sediments were environmentally realistic. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2482–2494. © 2013 SETAC
Progressive DOE Superfund site cleanup with advanced technologies (1995)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory proposes to apply advanced technologies for site remediation to achieve negotiated closure of the Livermore Superfund site. This new LLNL approach integrates scientific, technical, operational, and regulatory project components to save decades of work and hundreds of millions of dollars over realistic current life-cycle cleanup estimates. Overall savings for DOE will be amplified if this integrated approach is applied across the defense complex. The LLNL site cleanup will apply new in situ remediation technologies to destroy contaminant sources and intercept migrating plumes. These technologies will be focused where significant amounts of contaminant (greater than 50 parts per billion) reside in the subsurface. Focusing the most aggressive cleanup methods on these targets will cut the volume of soil to be treated from an original estimate of about 50M m{sup 3} to about 3M m{sup 3}--a factor of over 15 in volume reduction. While the new technologies are fielded and operated, advanced pump-and-treat methods employed at the site perimeter will control off-site movement of contaminants.
Effects of GaN substrates on InAlGaN quaternary UV LEDs (2004)

InAlGaN quaternary ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) on GaN substrates with low dislocation density and on GaN templates consisting of n-GaN on sapphire substrates were fabricated, and characteristics of the LEDs were compared. A UV LED on a GaN substrate showed considerably higher output power than that on a GaN template and no saturation even at the injection current of 500 mA. The output power was 1.1 mW with emission wavelength of 351 nm at the injection current of 100 mA, and increased linearly until about the injection current of 200 mA, reaching 3.8 mW at the injection current of 500 mA. Effects of GaN substrates on InAlGaN UV LEDs were revealed by cathodeluminescence images and current–voltage characteristics. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unusual Salt Stability in Highly Charged Diblock Co-polypeptide Hydrogels (2003)

The stability and properties of dilute solution hydrogels, synthesized by transition metal mediated polymerization of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), have been studied in deionized (DI) water as well as various ionic media. These hydrogels are diblock amphiphilic copolymers of hydrophilic, charged segments of poly(l-lysine HBr) or poly(l-glutamic acid sodium salt), and helical, hydrophobic segments of poly(l-leucine). While many of these samples are able to form strong gels in deionized water at polymer concentrations as low as 0.25 wt %, stability in salt or buffer solutions was found to be only achieved at moderately higher polymer concentrations ( approximately 3.0 wt %). We have adjusted relative copolymer compositions and molecular weights to optimize hydrogel strength and polymer solubility in salt concentrations up to 0.5 M NaCl, as well as in cell growth media and aqueous buffers of varying pH. These materials are unique since they do not collapse in high ionic strength media, even though gel formation is contingent upon the presence of highly charged polyelectrolyte segments. The remarkable properties of these hydrogels make them excellent candidates for use as scaffolds in biomedical applications, such as tissue regeneration.
Supplementary Methods from AMG 757, a Half-Life Extended, DLL3-Targeted Bispecific T-Cell Engager, Shows High Potency and Sensitivity in Preclinical Models of Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;File contains Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Spin Coating of Photoresists Using Liquid Carbon Dioxide (2004)

A novel high-pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) spin-coating apparatus was designed and constructed to produce high-quality thin films of CO2-soluble photoresists based on 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl methacrylate/tert-butyl methacrylate copolymers. Film thicknesses were correlated to various process variables including rotational speed, solution viscosity, and evaporative driving force. The effects of these operating conditions on the film thickness and uniformity were compared to those of a theoretical model adapted for spin coating in CO2. Excellent correlation was found between the theoretical predictions and observed film properties, with the final films being of sufficient quality for use in photolithography. The potential of this spin-coating process in CO2 for developing a novel “dry lithography” is discussed.
Coupled resonator gyroscopes: what works and what does not (2010)

This paper reviews a number of optical gyroscope architectures utilizing either slow or fast light that have been recently proposed in the literature to enhance rotation sensitivity, with a view to separate the schemes that offer a genuine enhancement from the ones that do not. The overall conclusion is that although slow-light coupled-resonator systems have interesting applications in other fields, for example for filtering or switching, none of the schemes proposed to date enable any enhancement in rotation sensitivity. Simple guidelines are outlined in an attempt to help clear misconceptions and hopefully reduce the number of erroneous publications on this subject in the future. On the other hand, fast light in a ring laser gyro can potentially enhance rotation sensitivity by up to six orders of magnitude. Future research directions likely to be fruitful are also outlined.
Adaptive Physics-Based Non-Rigid Registration for Immersive Image-Guided Neuronavigation Systems (2021)

<b>Objective:</b> In image-guided neurosurgery, co-registered preoperative anatomical, functional, and diffusion tensor imaging can be used to facilitate a safe resection of brain tumors in eloquent areas of the brain. However, the brain deforms during surgery, particularly in the presence of tumor resection. Non-Rigid Registration (NRR) of the preoperative image data can be used to create a registered image that captures the deformation in the intraoperative image while maintaining the quality of the preoperative image. Using clinical data, this paper reports the results of a comparison of the accuracy and performance among several non-rigid registration methods for handling brain deformation. A new adaptive method that automatically removes mesh elements in the area of the resected tumor, thereby handling deformation in the presence of resection is presented. To improve the user experience, we also present a new way of using mixed reality with ultrasound, MRI, and CT. <b>Materials and methods:</b> This study focuses on 30 glioma surgeries performed at two different hospitals, many of which involved the resection of significant tumor volumes. An Adaptive Physics-Based Non-Rigid Registration method (A-PBNRR) registers preoperative and intraoperative MRI for each patient. The results are compared with three other readily available registration methods: a rigid registration implemented in 3D Slicer v4.4.0; a B-Spline non-rigid registration implemented in 3D Slicer v4.4.0; and PBNRR implemented in ITKv4.7.0, upon which A-PBNRR was based. Three measures were employed to facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of the registration accuracy: (i) visual assessment, (ii) a Hausdorff Distance-based metric, and (iii) a landmark-based approach using anatomical points identified by a neurosurgeon. <b>Results:</b> The A-PBNRR using multi-tissue mesh adaptation improved the accuracy of deformable registration by more than five times compared to rigid and traditional physics based non-rigid registration, and four times compared to B-Spline interpolation methods which are part of ITK and 3D Slicer. Performance analysis showed that A-PBNRR could be applied, on average, in <2 min, achieving desirable speed for use in a clinical setting. <b>Conclusions:</b> The A-PBNRR method performed significantly better than other readily available registration methods at modeling deformation in the presence of resection. Both the registration accuracy and performance proved sufficient to be of clinical value in the operating room. A-PBNRR, coupled with the mixed reality system, presents a powerful and affordable solution compared to current neuronavigation systems.
Prevalence, subtypes, severity and determinants of ocular trauma: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study (2017)

OT affected one in 25 adults, with 20% of these requiring hospitalisation. Because OT is preventable, raising awareness and education strategies in the population would allow prevention of vision loss particularly in men, and younger and lesser-educated individuals.
Supplementary Tables 1-4 from Assembly and Initial Characterization of a Panel of 85 Genomically Validated Cell Lines from Diverse Head and Neck Tumor Sites (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 147KB&lt;/p&gt;
The Harvard Open Access Initiatives (2008)

Stuart Shieber, Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Office for Scholarly Communication at Harvard University, discusses open access policies at Harvard. Columbia University Librarian James Neal introduces the talk and a question-and-answer session follows.
Ion trap physics in a spherical IEC (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. The spherical inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) is of interest as a near-term neutron source and as a future alternate fusion power concept. In spherical inertial confinement devices, virtual cathode-anode formation creates an ion trap, improving ion confinement and increasing beam-beam fusion reactions. First proposed by Farmsworth and Hirsch, ion trap formation, (or multiple traps called "poissors") has been questioned. However, recent experimental studies at the University of Ilinois using collimated detection of D-D protons have demonstrated trap evolution once the IEC operation exceeds a critical pervance value of 1-2 I(mA)/V(kV)/sup 3/2/ in deuterium. In this small device, the background neutrals are not yet "burned out", so the earlier trap theory must be extended to this case. Charge-exchange plays two key roles in the dynamics: the energy spread of ions entering the trap region is narrowed and trapped thermalized ions are preferentially removed. This model for trap dynamics and corresponding measurements will be discussed.
Long-Range Channel Measurements on Small Terminal Antennas Using Optics (2012)

In this paper, details are given on a novel measurement device for radio propagation-channel measurements. To avoid measurement errors due to the conductive cables on small terminal antennas, as well as to improve the handling of the prototypes under investigation, an optical measurement device has been developed. It utilizes thin, light, and flexible glass fibers as opposed to heavy, stiff, and conductive coaxial cables. This paper looks at the various system parameters such as overall gain, noise figure, and dynamic range and compares the solution to other methods. An estimate of the device accuracy is also given. Selected parts of the circuitry are given in more detail. Typical measurement results are also shown.
The effect of LRRK2 loss-of-function variants in humans (2020)

Human genetic variants predicted to cause loss-of-function of protein-coding genes (pLoF variants) provide natural in vivo models of human gene inactivation and can be valuable indicators of gene function and the potential toxicity of therapeutic inhibitors targeting these genes<sup>1,2</sup>. Gain-of-kinase-function variants in LRRK2 are known to significantly increase the risk of Parkinson's disease<sup>3,4</sup>, suggesting that inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity is a promising therapeutic strategy. While preclinical studies in model organisms have raised some on-target toxicity concerns<sup>5-8</sup>, the biological consequences of LRRK2 inhibition have not been well characterized in humans. Here, we systematically analyze pLoF variants in LRRK2 observed across 141,456 individuals sequenced in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD)<sup>9</sup>, 49,960 exome-sequenced individuals from the UK Biobank and over 4 million participants in the 23andMe genotyped dataset. After stringent variant curation, we identify 1,455 individuals with high-confidence pLoF variants in LRRK2. Experimental validation of three variants, combined with previous work<sup>10</sup>, confirmed reduced protein levels in 82.5% of our cohort. We show that heterozygous pLoF variants in LRRK2 reduce LRRK2 protein levels but that these are not strongly associated with any specific phenotype or disease state. Our results demonstrate the value of large-scale genomic databases and phenotyping of human loss-of-function carriers for target validation in drug discovery.
Effets métaboliques de l’apeline sur le tissu adipeux humain (2011)

L’apeline est un peptide produit et sécrété par le tissu adipeux dont les concentrations plasmatiques augmentent avec l’obésité. L’apeline exerce de nombreux effets, et ce n’est que récemment qu’un rôle sur le métabolisme énergétique a été mis en évidence. L’apeline agit sur le métabolisme lipidique en particulier sur le tissu adipeux puisqu’un traitement chronique à l’apeline chez la souris diminue la masse grasse et le contenu en triglycérides du tissu adipeux. De plus, il a également été montré que l’apeline inhibe la lipolyse sur des adipocytes isolés murins ou sur la lignée adipocytaire 3T3-L1. Sachant que l’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) est une cible de l’apeline, nous avons étudié les effets stimulés par cette enzyme en réponse à l’apeline dans l’adipeux humain, à savoir le transport de glucose et la lipolyse. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence que l’apeline induit la phosphorylation de l’AMPK dans le tissu adipeux humain et que l’activation de cette enzyme permet de stimuler le transport de glucose. Par contre, dans nos conditions expérimentales, l’apeline n’a pas d’effet sur la lipolyse basale ou stimulée par l’isoprénaline. Ainsi, sur le tissu adipeux humain, l’apeline est fonctionnelle et permet d’activer l’AMPK, ce qui en fait une cible potentielle d’intérêt.
Novel high-performance pressure sensors using double SOI structures (2002)

High-performance pressure sensors using
Paternal DNA damage suppresses in vitro proliferation of mouse inner cell mass (2009)

Objective: Sperm DNA damage is known to cause developmental
failure and reduction in the numbers of live offspring and the effects of damages range as diverse as embryonic death and cancer susceptibility in the offspring. Here we report the in vitro proliferation ability of the inner cell mass of the mouse embryos derived from the DNA damaged sperm and its association with post implantation developmental potential. Material and Method: Day 3.5 mouse embryos derived from the DNA damaged sperm were cultured on MEF feeder layer and proliferation ability of the inner cell mass was assessed for six days. The post implantation developmental competence was studied by fetoplacental
analysis on day 18 of gestation. Results: The development of embryos derived from 6 Gy irradiated sperm demonstrated heterogeneous growth on day 3.5 as approximately 1/3rd of the embryos failed to undergo compaction and demonstrated
high frequency of micronuclei. In addition embryos showing
developmental delay on day 3.5 failed to form any outgrowth during 6 day of in vitro culture. The fetoplacental analysis on day 18 of gestation showed a 50% reduction in the number of fetus derived from the DNA damaged sperm although the number of implantations was not affected.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that DNA damage in sperm
can lead to preimplantation embryonic developmental delay resulting in defective ICM proliferation possibly due to increased genomic instability and such embryos die in utero.
Influence of Photoactivation Protocol and Light Guide Distance on Conversion and Microleakage of Composite Restorations (2009)

Soft-start methods may reduce microleakage when the light guide distancing provides a low level of irradiance, which also causes a discrete reduction in the DC.
Early perturbation in mitochondria redox homeostasis in response to environmental stress predicts cell fate in diatoms (2014)

Diatoms are ubiquitous marine photosynthetic eukaryotes that are responsible for about 20% of global photosynthesis. Nevertheless, little is known about the redox-based mechanisms that mediate diatom sensing and acclimation to environmental stress. Here we used a redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein sensor targeted to various subcellular organelles in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, to map the spatial and temporal oxidation patterns in response to environmental stresses. Specific organelle oxidation patterns were found in response to various stress conditions such as oxidative stress, nutrient limitation and exposure to diatom-derived infochemicals. We found a strong correlation between the mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) redox potential (EGSH) and subsequent induction of cell death in response to the diatom-derived unsaturated aldehyde 2E,4E/Z-decadienal (DD), and a volatile halocarbon (BrCN) that mediate trophic-level interactions in marine diatoms. Induction of cell death in response to DD was mediated by oxidation of mitochondrial EGSH and was reversible by application of GSH only within a narrow time frame. We found that cell fate can be accurately predicted by a distinct life-death threshold of mitochondrial EGSH (-335 mV). We propose that compartmentalized redox-based signaling can integrate the input of diverse environmental cues and will determine cell fate decisions as part of algal acclimation to stress conditions.