gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of Awareness or Urinary Dysfunction? Investigating Amyloidosis and Urinary Physiology in a Transgenic Mouse (2021)

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating disorder primarily affecting older adults and is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the US. More than one in three AD patients experience AD-associated urinary dysfunction (ADUD), which directly contributes to their institutionalization. While ADUD has been clinically regarded as a result of poor cognitive control over urinary function, the physiology underlying loss of urinary control remains unknown. We hypothesize that amyloidosis in the CNS results in pathologic changes in urinary structure and function. Tg-APP/PS1DE9 mice were used before plaque deposition (4-6 months) and after plaque accumulation (8-10 months) and compared to WT littermates. Behavioral assays (open field testing and voiding spot assays) were performed to assess cortical function. Pressure-flow cystometry was conducted under urethane anesthesia to assess autonomic control of urinary function without cortical influence. Pharmacomyography of bladder strips was used to determine tissue-level changes in the absence of CNS input. In Tg-APP/PS1DE9 mice, plaque accumulation resulted in significant cystometric changes to voiding phase parameters, but not storage phase parameters. Pharmacologic studies showed decreased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation without change in muscarinic sensitivity. Behavioral assays demonstrated significant differences between transgenic animals and WT in locomotion and voiding spot sizes. We interpret our data to support AD-related pathology of Aβ accumulation results in a distinct urinary phenotype in our model, analogous to the ADUD observed in AD patients. Establishing and verifying models of ADUD may improve the efficacy of treating ADUD and increase quality of life for patients and their caregivers.
Microbial sensor for preliminary screening of mutagens utilizing a phage induction test (1989)

For the preliminary screening of mutagens, a novel microbial sensor system was developed utilizing a phage induction test. Escherichia coli lysogenic strain GY5027 and nonlysogenic strain GY5026 were used in this study. The number of living cells was determined by measuring the respiration of cells immobilized onto an oxygen electrode. The injection of a mutagen, such as AF-2 and MNNG, caused the phage induction in the lysogenic strain, resulting in the decreased respiration of only the lysogenic strain immobilized onto the oxygen electrode but not of nonlysogenic strain. The rate of current increase correlated well with the concentration of mutagens. The sensor responses to the antibiotics and bactericides were definitely different from those of mutagens. Therefore, utilization of this microbial sensor system makes possible the estimation of a substrate's mutagenicity.
Proton radiation hardness of single-nanowire transistors using robust organic gate nanodielectrics (2006)

In this contribution, the radiation tolerance of single ZnO nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs) fabricated with a self-assembled superlattice (SAS) gate insulator is investigated and compared with that of ZnO NW-FETs fabricated with a 60nm SiO2 gate insulator. A total-radiation dose study was performed using 10MeV protons at doses of 5.71 and 285krad(Si). The threshold voltage (Vth) of the SAS-based ZnO NW-FETs is not shifted significantly following irradiation at these doses. In contrast, Vth parameters of the SiO2-based ZnO NW-FETs display average shifts of ∼−4.0 and ∼−10.9V for 5.71 and 285krad(Si) H+ irradiation, respectively. In addition, little change is observed in the subthreshold characteristics (off current, subthreshold slope) of the SAS-based ZnO NW-FETs following H+ irradiation. These results strongly argue that the bulk oxide trap density and interface trap density formed within the SAS and/or at the SAS-ZnO NW interface during H+ irradiation are significantly lower than those for the corresponding SiO2 gate dielectrics. The radiation-robust SAS-based ZnO NW-FETs are thus promising candidates for future space-based applications in electronics and flexible displays.
Molecular Genetic Relationship of the 3′ Untranslated Region Among Thai Dengue-3 Virus, Bangkok Isolates, During 1973–2000 (2009)

Dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) was associated with severe dengue epidemics in Thailand during 1973-1999. We studied Thai DENV-3 viruses isolated from hospitalized children in Bangkok with differing disease severity during that period. Viruses were sequenced at their 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), which are regions that play a pivotal role in viral replication. Our results indicated that the primary sequences as well as the secondary structures at both ends of Thai DENV-3 viruses were highly conserved over almost three decades. We found nucleotide insertions and deletions at the variable region (VR) that is located just downstream of the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) stop codon among these viruses. The phylogenetic tree derived from the size heterogeneity of VR in the 3' UTR divided DENV-3 into four genotypes, and Thai DENV-3 viruses in this study belonged to genotype II. The replication efficiency of the candidate viruses with different lengths at the VR were assessed in the mosquito (C6/36) and human (HepG2) cell lines. Our results show that the viruses with nucleotide insertions at VR replicated better than the virus that contained deletions. Our findings indicate that Thai DENV-3 demonstrated a remarkable conservation of nucleotides over 28 years. Correlation with disease severity suggests that both primary sequences and secondary structures of the 3' UTR do not appear correlated with disease severity in humans.
Multiple Person Tracking by Spatiotemporal Tracklet Association (2012)

In the field of video surveillance, multiple object tracking is a challenging problem in the real application. In this paper, we propose a multiple object tracking method by spatiotemporal tracklet association. Firstly, reliable tracklets, the fragments of the entire trajectory of individual object movement, are generated by frame-wise association between object localization results in the neighbor frames. To avoid the negative influence of occlusion on reliable tracklet generation, part-based similarity computation is performed. Secondly, the produced tracklets are associated considering both spatial and temporal constrains to output the entire trajectory for individual person. Especially, we formulate the task of spatiotemporal multiple tracklet matching into a Maximum A Posterior (MAP) problem in the form of Markov Chain with spatiotemporal context constraints. The experiment on PETS 2012 dataset demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method.
Usefulness of muscle condition score and ultrasonographic measurements for assessment of muscle mass in cats with cachexia and sarcopenia (2020)

Ultrasonographic measurements of muscle may be useful for assessing muscle loss in individual cats over time. However, for the cats of this study, no advantage was observed for assessment of VEMS or FLEMS over EMH. Substantial repeatability and moderate reproducibility were shown when MCS was used for assessment of muscle mass in cats. Prospective ultrasonographic studies are warranted to evaluate the usefulness of MCS and EMH assessment for evaluation of changes in muscle mass of cats over time.
Genetic control of sex determination in the germ line and soma of the housefly, Musca domestica (1994)

In Musca domestica, sex in the soma is cell autonomously determined by the male-determiner M, or by the female-determiner FD. Transplanted pole cells (precursors of the germ line) show that sex determination of germ cells is non-autonomous genotypically male pole cells form functional eggs in female hosts, and genotypically female pole cells form functional sperm in male hosts. When M/+ cells undergo oogenesis, a male-determining maternal effect predetermines offspring without M, i.e. of female genotype, to develop as fertile males. FD is epistatic to M in the female germ line, as it is in the soma, overruling the masculinizing effect of M. The results suggest that maternal F product is needed for activation of the zygotic F gene.
Metabolite profile changes and increased antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of mixed vegetables after fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum (2019)

Fermented vegetables have emerged as prebiotics with various health benefits. However, the possible mechanisms behind their health benefits are unclear. To relate the metabolite profile changes in fermented mixed vegetables with associated health benefits of fermented vegetables, we analyzed the metabolite profiles of mixed vegetables, before and after fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum, using gas chromatography/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). To analyze health benefits of fermented vegetables, antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities were measured using RAW 264.7 cells. Among 78 metabolites identified by GC/TOF-MS in this study, those significantly increased after fermentation include antioxidative and/or antiinflammatory agents such as lactate, 3-phennyllactate, indole-3-lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate, γ-aminobutyrate, and glycerol. These metabolites may have been either newly synthesized or depolymerized from high molecular weight polymers from vegetables during fermentation. This is the first metabolomics study to relate metabolite profile changes with increased health benefits of fermented vegetables.
Itching in the Psychiatric Ward (2008)

Chronic itch is known to have psychogenic elements; however, there is no data on itch prevalence and characteristics among hospitalized psychiatric patients. We investigated the prevalence and types of itching among hospitalized psychiatric patients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, affective or other psychiatric disorders. A validated itch questionnaire based on the McGill Pain Questionnaire, which examines the incidence and characteristics of itching, was administered to 111 patients, hospitalized in an Israeli university hospital. Patients with atopic eczema, psoriasis, or systemic diseases that cause pruritus were excluded. Thirty-six patients (32% of those screened) reported itching. Few sought help or used anti-pruritic therapy. Itching should be addressed during psychiatric assessments, in order to provide appropriate treatment.
Modulation of cardiac energetics as a target in ischemic heart disease (2011)

Substantial advances in mechanical and adjunctive pharmacological therapies have reduced the consequences of ischemic heart disease. Despite these advances, cardiovascular disease and its major contributor coronary artery disease continue to accrue substantial morbidity and mortality. Metabolic therapies (ranging from insulin to fatty acid oxidation inhibitors and late sodium channel current inhibitors) represent a novel and immediately clinical relevant class of therapies that can contribute to improving patient outcomes. In the current article, I will discuss the basic biology of cardiac metabolism and the clinical efficacy of agents, some of which have direct clinical applicability. As well as outlining the considerations that may culminate in the effective deployment of these agents in the care of patients, I also consider the likely future directions for metabolic therapy in cardiovascular disease.
Plasma-deposited silylation resist for 193 nm lithography (1996)

Plasma-deposited carbon-based polymer films are examined for use as an all-dry positive-tone photoresist for 193 nm lithography. These films are designed to crosslink upon exposure to 193 nm radiation, enabling selective silicon uptake via reaction of silylamine gas with hydroxyl in the film. After oxygen plasma pattern transfer, features with resolution below 0.50 μm have been obtained with a 0.35 numerical aperture projection system.
Fractional Laser Skin Resurfacing with SmartXide DOT. Initial Results (2008)

INTRODUCTION The natural ageing process together with exposure to the sun and pollution leads to a gradual deterioration of the skin’s structure and function. This is mainly evident at the level of the epidermis and the upper papillary dermis, with a tissue laxity and skin that appears more lined, often accompanied by telangiectasias, wrinkles, and dark spots. Resurfacing with ultra-pulsed CO2 has always been considered the first choice of treatment for rhytids and photo-damaged facial skin. However, due to the lengthy recovery times and frequent complications, very few patients agree to undergo this type of operation. Besides the usual recovery time required for oedema, burning, scabs and erythema which may often last for months, there is also a high incidence of complications connected with hyper-and hypo-pigmentation, scarring, HSV infection (fig. 1), outbreaks of acne (fig.2), milia formation, and dermatitis.
Nonlinearity of the cathodoluminescence intensity of ZnS-type phosphors. (1984)

The cathodoluminescence of ZnS-type phosphors shows a sublinear increase with increasing excitation density. The widespread use of these phosphors in cathode-ray (CR) tubes has led to many investigations on this so-called saturation behaviour (1,2). However, these studies have not resulted in a satisfactory understanding of the observed saturation phenomena for two reasons.
Supplemental Data from The Novel Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Inhibitor INCB054329 Induces Vulnerabilities in Myeloma Cells That Inform Rational Combination Strategies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables 1 &amp; 2 Supplemental Figure Legends Supplemental Figures 1 - 5&lt;/p&gt;
Structural and Mechanistic Insights into Fast Lithium-Ion Conduction in Li4SiO4–Li3PO4 Solid Electrolytes (2015)

Solid electrolytes that are chemically stable and have a high ionic conductivity would dramatically enhance the safety and operating lifespan of rechargeable lithium batteries. Here, we apply a multi-technique approach to the Li-ion conducting system (1-z)Li4SiO4-(z)Li3PO4 with the aim of developing a solid electrolyte with enhanced ionic conductivity. Previously unidentified superstructure and immiscibility features in high-purity samples are characterized by X-ray and neutron diffraction across a range of compositions (z = 0.0-1.0). Ionic conductivities from AC impedance measurements and large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are in good agreement, showing very low values in the parent phases (Li4SiO4 and Li3PO4) but orders of magnitude higher conductivities (10(-3) S/cm at 573 K) in the mixed compositions. The MD simulations reveal new mechanistic insights into the mixed Si/P compositions in which Li-ion conduction occurs through 3D pathways and a cooperative interstitial mechanism; such correlated motion is a key factor in promoting high ionic conductivity. Solid-state (6)Li, (7)Li, and (31)P NMR experiments reveal enhanced local Li-ion dynamics and atomic disorder in the solid solutions, which are correlated to the ionic diffusivity. These unique insights will be valuable in developing strategies to optimize the ionic conductivity in this system and to identify next-generation solid electrolytes.
T box RNA decodes both the information content and geometry of tRNA to affect gene expression (2013)

The T box leader sequence is an RNA element that controls gene expression by binding directly to a specific tRNA and sensing its aminoacylation state. This interaction controls expression of amino acid-related genes in a negative feedback loop. The T box RNA structure is highly conserved, but its tRNA binding mechanism is only partially understood. Known sequence elements are the specifier sequence, which recognizes the tRNA anticodon, and the antiterminator bulge, which base pairs with the tRNA acceptor end. Here, we reveal the crucial function of the highly conserved stem I distal region in tRNA recognition and report its 2.65-Å crystal structure. The apex of this region contains an intricately woven loop-loop interaction between two conserved motifs, the Adenine-guanine (AG) bulge and the distal loop. This loop-loop structure presents a base triple on its surface that is optimally positioned for base-stacking interactions. Mutagenesis, cross-linking, and small-angle X-ray scattering data demonstrate that the apical base triple serves as a binding platform to dock the tRNA D- and T-loops. Strikingly, the binding platform strongly resembles the D- and T-loop binding elements from RNase P and the ribosome exit site, suggesting that this loop-loop structure may represent a widespread tRNA recognition platform. We propose a two-checkpoint molecular ruler model for tRNA decoding in which the information content of tRNA is first examined through specifier sequence-anticodon interaction, and the length of the tRNA anticodon arm is then measured by the distal loop-loop platform. When both conditions are met, tRNA is secured, and its aminoacylation state is sensed.
Femtosecond optical pulse generation from semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers: techniques and applications (1992)

erated optical pulses are 207 femtoscconds and 1 58 watts, respectively, making these pulses both the shortest andmost intense ever generated from an all semiconductor diode laser system. The nonlinear gain dynamics of theamplification process in these devices are also investigated using standard pump-probe techniques. The resultsyield information as to how the gain dynamics effects the pulse shaping mechanisms during modelocking and thepotential difficulties which arise in compressing and amplifying femtosecond optical pulses with semiconductortraveling wave optical amplifiers.Applications utilizing these optical pulses will also be discussed, with an emphasis on optical clock distribu-tion. In this type of application, we take advantage of the large output power and low timing jitter provided bythe modelocked semiconductor laser system.2. Femtosecond Pulse Generation with Traveling Wave Amplifiers.Compact and efficient sources of high repetition rate, high peak power ultrashort optical pulses are needed toreplace the standard ultrashort optical pulse generation schemes due to their relatively large size and poor wallplug efficiency. It has been previously demonstrated that an external cavity hybrid mode locked semiconductorlaser system has been able to produce optical pulses as short as 460 fsec in duration with over 70 watts of peakpower I 11. In this section, a modification of this system which incorporates a four prism sequence to compensate
From Transcription Factors to Designed Sequence‐Specific DNA‐Binding Peptides (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Design and Implementation of a Wireless Video Surveillance System (2015)

Internet-enabled cameras pervade daily life, generating a huge amount of data, but most of the video they generate is transmitted over wires and analyzed offline with a human in the loop. The ubiquity of cameras limits the amount of video that can be sent to the cloud, especially on wireless networks where capacity is at a premium. In this paper, we present Vigil, a real-time distributed wireless surveillance system that leverages edge computing to support real-time tracking and surveillance in enterprise campuses, retail stores, and across smart cities. Vigil intelligently partitions video processing between edge computing nodes co-located with cameras and the cloud to save wireless capacity, which can then be dedicated to Wi-Fi hotspots, offsetting their cost. Novel video frame prioritization and traffic scheduling algorithms further optimize Vigil's bandwidth utilization. We have deployed Vigil across three sites in both whitespace and Wi-Fi networks. Depending on the level of activity in the scene, experimental results show that Vigil allows a video surveillance system to support a geographical area of coverage between five and 200 times greater than an approach that simply streams video over the wireless network. For a fixed region of coverage and bandwidth, Vigil outperforms the default equal throughput allocation strategy of Wi-Fi by delivering up to 25% more objects relevant to a user's query.
Localization transition in three-dimensional stealthy hyperuniform disordered systems (2021)

The purpose of this work is to understand the fundamental connection between structural correlations and light localization in three-dimensional (3D) open scattering systems of finite size. We numerically investigate the transport of vector electromagnetic waves scattered by resonant electric dipoles spatially arranged in 3D space by stealthy hyperuniform disordered point patterns. Three-dimensional stealthy hyperuniform disordered systems (3D-SHDS) are engineered with different structural correlation properties determined by their degree of stealthiness $\chi$. Such fine control of exotic states of amorphous matter enables the systematic design of optical media that interpolate in a tunable fashion between uncorrelated random structures and crystalline materials. By solving the electromagnetic multiple scattering problem using Green's matrix spectral method, we establish a transport phase diagram that demonstrates a clear delocalization-localization transition beyond a critical scattering density that depends on $\chi$. The transition is characterized by studying the Thouless number and the spectral statistics of the scattering resonances. In particular, by tuning the $\chi$ parameter, we demonstrate large spectral gaps and suppressed sub-radiant proximity resonances, facilitating light localization. Moreover, consistently with previous studies, our results show a region of the transport phase diagram where the investigated scattering systems become transparent. Our work provides a systematic description of the transport and localization properties of light in stealthy hyperuniform structures and motivates the engineering of novel photonic systems with enhanced light-matter interactions for applications to both classical and quantum devices.
Epicatechin modulates stress-resistance in C. elegans via insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway (2019)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used to examine the influence of epicatechin (EC), an abundant flavonoid in the human diet, in some stress biomarkers (ROS production, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation). Furthermore, the ability of EC to modulate the expression of some key genes in the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway (IIS), involved in longevity and oxidative or heat shock stress response, has also been explored. The final aim was to contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the biological effects of flavonoids. The results showed that EC-treated wild-type C. elegans exhibited increased survival and reduced oxidative damage of biomolecules when submitted to thermal stress. EC treatment led to a moderate elevation in ROS levels, which might activate endogenous mechanisms of defense protecting against oxidative insult. The enhanced stress resistance induced by EC was found to be mediated through the IIS pathway, since assays in daf-2, age-1, akt-1, akt-2, sgk-1, daf-16, skn-1 and hsf-1 loss of function mutant strains failed to show any heat-resistant phenotype against thermal stress when treated with EC. Consistently, EC treatment upregulated the expression of some stress resistance associated genes, such as gst-4, hsp-16.2 and hsp-70, which are downstream regulated by the IIS pathway.