gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mention detection crossing the language barrier (2008)

While significant effort has been put into annotating linguistic resources for several languages, there are still many left that have only small amounts of such resources. This paper investigates a method of propagating information (specifically mention detection information) into such low resource languages from richer ones. Experiments run on three language pairs (Arabic-English, Chinese-English, and Spanish-English) show that one can achieve relatively decent performance by propagating information from a language with richer resources such as English into a foreign language alone (no resources or models in the foreign language). Furthermore, while examining the performance using various degrees of linguistic information in a statistical framework, results show that propagated features from English help improve the source-language system performance even when used in conjunction with all feature types built from the source language. The experiments also show that using propagated features in conjunction with lexically-derived features only (as can be obtained directly from a mention annotated corpus) yields similar performance to using feature types derived from many linguistic resources.
Analysis of sound signals with high resolution matching pursuit (2002)

Sound recordings include transients and sustained parts. Their analysis with a basis expansion is not rich enough to represent efficiently all such components. Pursuit algorithms choose the decomposition vectors depending upon the signal properties. The dictionary among which these vectors are selected is much larger than a basis. Matching pursuit is fast to compute, but can provide coarse representations. Basis pursuit gives a better representation but is very expensive in terms of calculation time. This paper develops a high resolution matching pursuit: it is a fast, high time-resolution, time-frequency analysis algorithm, that makes it likely to be used far musical applications.
Multi-rate control systems with multi-rate model-based holds and observers (2005)

This paper deals with the design of multi-rate control systems using multi-rate holds, which act as interfaces between the different sampling frequencies present at the control loop. Multi-rate model holds generate error signal estimation at high-frequency based on a closed-loop reference model. The paper describes first the modeling of multi-rate model-based holds and observers and later its effect in the closed-loop time response. In addition, the benefits of introducing the multi-rate holds can be studied before implementing the multi-rate solution just by analyzing the limit case, where the periodicity ratio between frequencies goes to infinite with the frame-period constant. The proposed multi-rate hold and observer are validated with a velocity control of brush-less DC motor, where improvements are performed with respect to the single-rate case at low frequency.
The Gastropod Genus Xenuroturris (Iredale,1929) Evaluated and a New Turrid Lophiotoma Olangoensis, Described from the Central Philippines (2002)

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Long-acting ocular drug delivery technologies with clinical precedent (2022)

Further technological advancement is required to create biodegradable LAIIs with extended release durations and LAIIs that are compatible with a broader array of therapeutic modalities. In the future, ocular LAII innovations can be applied to diseases with limited treatment options, prophylactic treatment at earlier stages of disease, and cost-effective treatment of ocular diseases in global health settings.
Development of Potent Non-Carbohydrate Imidazole-Based Small Molecule Selectin Inhibitors with Antiinflammatory Activity (2001)

A novel series of non-carbohydrate imidazole-based selectin inhibitors has been discovered via high-throughput screening using a P-selectin ELISA-based assay system. The initial lead 1 had an IC(50) of 17 microM in the P-selectin ELISA; this potency was significantly improved via an extensive SAR exploration. One of the current lead compounds (29) has an IC(50) of 300 nM in a P-selectin ELISA; it also has good activity in P- and E-selectin cell adhesion assays and shows efficacy in vivo. These compounds represent a novel series of sLe(X) mimetics with antiinflammatory activity. Their unique profile supports our interest in their further evaluation as drug candidates for the treatment of inflammation. Herein we describe the syntheses, optimization, and SAR of this series of novel potent selectin antagonists.
Investigating Transverse Loading Characteristics of Microstructured Fiber Bragg Gratings With an Active Fiber Depolarizer (2009)

In this letter, the transverse loading characteristics of Bragg gratings in microstructured optical fibers were investigated by use of an active fiber depolarizer. Increasing transverse load shifts the Bragg wavelength to longer wavelengths; its sensitivity to transverse load decreases with increasing volume of air holes around the fiber core. Such transverse loading characteristics were found to be dependent on the fiber orientations.
N-Heterocyclische Carbene: ein neues Konzept in der metallorganischen Katalyse N-Heterocyclische Carbene, 31. Mitteilung. – 30. Mitteilung: Lit. [80] (2002)

N-Heterocyclische Carbene sind zu universellen Liganden in der metallorganischen und anorganischen Koordinationschemie geworden. Sie gehen nicht nur mit nahezu jedem Übergangsmetall, sei es in niedriger oder hoher Oxidationsstufe, eine Bindung ein, sondern auch mit Hauptgruppenelementen wie Beryllium, Schwefel oder Iod. Ihre besondere Koordinationschemie erlaubt es, dass N-heterocyclische Carbene auf Metallzentren sowohl stabilisierend als auch aktivierend wirken in einer Vielzahl katalytischer Schlüsselschritte der organischen Synthese, z. B. bei der C-H-Aktivierung und der C-C-, C-H-, C-O- oder C-N-Bindungsknüpfung. Mittlerweile ist vielfach belegt, dass die etablierte Klasse der Organophosphanliganden in der kommenden Generation metallorganischer Katalysatoren durch N-heterocyclische Carbene ergänzt und zum Teil ersetzt werden wird. In den letzten Jahren war diese Chemie der Schauplatz eines lebhaften wissenschaftlichen Wettbewerbs, in dem zuvor nie erwartete Erfolge in wichtigen Bereichen der homogenen Katalyse erzielt wurden. Aus Arbeiten in zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen Labors und in den Forschungslaboratorien der chemischen Industrie zeichnet sich eine revolutionäre Wende in der metallorganischen Katalyse ab.
SecLEACH – A Random Key Distribution Solution for Securing Clustered Sensor Networks (2005)

Wireless sensor networks are ad hoc networks comprised mainly of small sensor nodes with limited resources, and can be used to monitor areas of interest. Recent work has shown that clustered sensor networks can increase system throughput, decrease system delay, and save energy. In this paper, we show that random key predistribution, first proposed and studied in the context of flat wireless sensor networks, is a very attractive key distribution solution for clustered sensor networks with rotating cluster heads, such as LEACH.
Time-resolved multichannel imaging of fluorescent objects embedded in turbid media (1995)

We present a multichannel detection technique for three-dimensional imaging of objects embedded in turbid media by using time-resolved fluorescence. By using a streak camera, we can obtain the experimental data in a single measurement. The data, analyzed by means of a triangulation algorithm, provide accurate localization of a fluorescent object for path lengths of up to 120 scattering mean free paths. The results demonstrate the feasibility of combining fluorescence spectroscopy with time-resolved optical tomography for localizing and identifying embedded objects.
MIMO-based signal processing for mode-multiplexed transmission (2012)

Using MIMO signal processing, we analyze the mode-dependent loss (MDL) of a 4200-km transmission link employing mode multiplexing over a 3-core microstructured fiber. We find that the MDL has a negligible impact on capacity.
Impact of periprocedural major adverse events on 10-year mortality after revascularisation. (2023)

In patients with complex CAD, non-fatal PMAE were more common following CABG than PCI, but their prognostic impact was similar, being significant in the first year and then diminishing out to 10 years. Patients with non-fatal PMAE may therefore require more careful follow-up and additional preventive treatment in the first year post-procedure.
A Formally Verified Algorithm for Interactive Consistency Under a Hybrid Fault Model (2005)

P. Thambidurai and Y.-K. Park (1988) have proposed an algorithm for interactive consistency that retains resilience to the arbitrary (or Byzantine) fault mode, while tolerating more faults of simpler kinds than standard Byzantine-resilient algorithms. Unfortunately, and despite a published proof of correctness, their algorithm is flawed. The authors detected this while undertaking a formal verification of the algorithm. They present a corrected algorithm that has been subjected to mechanically checked formal verification. Because informal proofs seem unreliable in this domain, and the consequences of failure could be catastrophic, the authors believe formal verification should become standard for algorithms intended for safety-critical applications.
Adversary Detection and Resilient Distributed Estimation of Parameters from Compact Sets (2017)

This paper studies the resilient distributed estimation of an unknown vector parameter belonging to a compact set. A group of agents makes linear measurements of the unknown parameter. The agent measurements are locally unobservable, and the agents exchange information over a communication network in order to compute an estimate. A subset of the agents is adversarial and exchanges false information in order to prevent the remaining, normally-behaving agents from correctly estimating the parameter. We present and analyze a Flag Raising Distributed Estimation (FRDE) algorithm that allows the normally-behaving agents to perform parameter estimation and adversary detection. The FRDE algorithm is a consensus+innovations type estimator in which agents combine estimates of neighboring agents (consensus) with local sensing information (innovations). Under the FRDE algorithm, global observability for connected normally-behaving agents is a necessary and sufficient condition to either correctly estimate the parameter or correctly detect the presence of an adversary. If FRDE detects an adversary, we show how existing methods for attack identification in cyber-physical systems can be used to identify the adversarial agents. Finally, we provide numerical examples of the performance of the FRDE algorithm.
Collaborative beamforming in wireless sensor networks (2011)

Collaborative beamforming (CB) is an energy efficient transmission scheme in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Despite the promising aspects of CB, its practical implementation remains largely unexplored and the challenges, namely frequency, phase, and data synchronization, must be addressed for successful deployment. We propose a CB protocol with a compatible transceiver architecture. The protocol uses a phase-locked loop (PLL) continuously operating in closed-loop for frequency synchronization, a local two-way phase estimation and remote one-way calibration technique for phase synchronization, and a data entrainment technique to achieve data synchronization with minimal data traffic. The efficiency analysis including carrier jitter demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed CB protocol.
Tuning Aryl, Hydrazine Radical Cation Electronic Interactions Using Substitutent Effects (2008)

Absorption spectra for 2,3-diaryl-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane radical cations (2(X)(*+)) and for their monoaryl analogues 2-tert-butyl-3-aryl-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane radical cations (1(X)(*+)) having para chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, phenyl, and nitro substituents are reported and compared with those for the previously reported 1- and 2(H)(*+) and 1- and 2(OMe)(*+). The calculated geometries and optical absorption spectra for 2(Cl)(*+) demonstrate that p-C6H4Cl lies between p-C6H4OMe and C6H5 in its ability to stabilize the lowest energy optical transition of the radical cation, which involves electron donation from the aryl groups toward the pi*(NN)(+)-centered singly occupied molecular orbital of 2(X)(*+). Resonance Raman spectral determination of the reorganization energy for their lowest energy transitions (lambda(v)(sym)) increase in the same order, having values of 1420, 5300, and 6000 cm(-1) for X = H, Cl, and OMe, respectively. A neighboring orbital analysis using Koopmans-based calculations of relative orbital energies indicates that the diabatic aryl pi-centered molecular orbital that interacts with the dinitrogen pi system lies closest in energy to the bonding pi(NN)-centered orbital and has an electronic coupling with it of about 9200 +/- 600 cm(-1), which does not vary regularly with electron donating power of the X substituent.
Fabrication of 2D and 3D inductors for DC-DC converters integrated on glass interposer (2018)

Inductors are a key component for voltage regulators and its on-chip integration could significantly improve their performance and scalability capabilities. However, innovative microfabrication processes have yet to be developed in order to miniaturise the inductors while maintaining their overall performance. In that regards, thin-film magnetic materials on glass substrates, which amplifies inductance values, should ease on-chip inductor integration. Using Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">45</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">55</sub> and Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> magnetic materials, we successfully fabricated 2D core and coreless copper inductors, on both glass and silicon substrates for comparison purposes. Inductors on glass exhibit better performance than the ones fabricated on silicon. An inductance of 10.3 nH (14.7 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) at 100 MHz and a quality factor of 5 were reached. We also propose a process flow and morphological characterizations of a 3D inductor architecture on glass substrate featuring through glass vias.
Spontaneous emission from resonant cavities (2006)

Radiative transitions, i.e. transitions of electrons from an initial quantum state to a final state and the simultaneous emission of a light quantum, are one of the most fundamental processes in optoelectronic devices. There are two distinct ways by which the emission of a photon can occur, namely by spontaneous and stimulated emission. These two processes were first postulated by Einstein (1917).
A Bcr-Abl Inhibitor GNF-2 Attenuates Inflammatory Activation of Glia and Chronic Pain (2019)

GNF-2 is an allosteric inhibitor of Bcr-Abl. It was developed as a new class of anti-cancer drug to treat resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia. Recent studies suggest that c-Abl inhibition would provide a neuroprotective effect in animal models of Parkinson's disease as well as in clinical trials. However, the role of c-Abl and effects of GNF-2 in glia-mediated neuroinflammation or pain hypersensitivity has not been investigated. Thus, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that c-Abl inhibition by GNF-2 may attenuate the inflammatory activation of glia and the ensuing pain behaviors in animal models. Our results show that GNF-2 reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in cultured glial cells in a c-Abl-dependent manner. The small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of c-Abl attenuated LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) activation and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in glial cell cultures. Moreover, GNF-2 administration significantly attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities in experimental models of diabetic and inflammatory pain. Together, our findings suggest the involvement of c-Abl in neuroinflammation and pain pathogenesis and that GNF-2 can be used for the management of chronic pain.
A Comparison of Outcome and Second Malignancies in Adolescents and Adult Patients with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL). Results from the German Hodgkin Study Group. (2005)

Abstract Introduction: Whether adolescent (alc) patients with HL represent a distinct patient group, requiring a therapy strategy separated from adults, is currently focussed in international debates. Most study groups are treating adult (ad) patients (pts) (age &gt; 18 years) apart from younger patients (age &lt; 18 years), considering a difference in treatment related toxicity and therapy outcome in both patient groups. Between 1988 and 1998, the GHSG trial generations 2 (G2) and 3 (G3) included younger patients from the age of 15 (G2), and 16 (G3), in identically therapy regimen with adults up to 65, and 75 years. The trials for early stages HD were comparing radiation therapy (RX) arms only (HD4, recruited 1988–1993), and, RX vs 2 cycles polychemotherapy plus RX (HD7, 1993–1998). Intermediate stages HD received 2 cycles of different chemotherapy regimen plus identically RX (HD5, 1988–1993), and, 2 identically cycles of chemotherapy plus different RX (HD8, 1993–1998). Advanced stages HL were treated with either 4 cycles conventional polychemotherapy plus EF, or, 4 cycles of a hybrid regimen plus EF RX (HD6, 1988–1993); the following trial (HD9, 1993–1998) compared 3 arms of different polychemotherapy followed by RX on bulky disease. Methods: In G2 and G3, a total of 573 adolescents (15–21 yrs) in early, intermediate, and advanced stages HL were compared with 4917 pts (15–75 yrs) for complete remission rate (CR), 5 yrs survival rate (SV), 5 yrs freedom from treatment failure (FFTF), and, secondary neoplasias (2nd NPL). (table 1) Conclusion: Based on this large analysis of HL patients treated in prospectively randomized trials, the prognosis of patients aged 15–21 years is rather similar to the prognosis of adult patients. A more detailed evaluation including age-adapted prognosis will be presented. Results: Adolescents /Adults CR % 5 yrs FFTF % 5 yrs SV % Alc Ad Alc Ad Alc Ad Early stages HD4 97.7 97.3 81.6 80.5 97.6 95.1 HD7 93.3 94.3 82.0 83.3 100 94.1 Intermediate stages HD5 93.5 93.4 83.3 81.7 94.3 90.5 HD8 93.8 92.6 84.5 82.7 97.3 91.3 Advanced stages HD6 77.8 77.0 61.0 58.8 85.3 78.6 HD9 93.5 90.3 85.8 79.2 92.4 88.0
Mammalian ER mannosidase I resides in quality control vesicles, where it encounters its glycoprotein substrates (2014)

Endoplasmic reticulum α1,2 mannosidase I (ERManI), a central component of ER quality control and ER-associated degradation (ERAD), acts as a timer enzyme, modifying N-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins with time. This process halts glycoprotein folding attempts when necessary and targets terminally misfolded glycoproteins to ERAD. Despite the importance of ERManI in maintenance of glycoprotein quality control, fundamental questions regarding this enzyme remain controversial. One such question is the subcellular localization of ERManI, which has been suggested to localize to the ER membrane, the ER-derived quality control compartment (ERQC), and, surprisingly, recently to the Golgi apparatus. To try to clarify this controversy, we applied a series of approaches that indicate that ERManI is located, at the steady state, in quality control vesicles (QCVs) to which ERAD substrates are transported and in which they interact with the enzyme. Both endogenous and exogenously expressed ERManI migrate at an ER-like density on iodixanol gradients, suggesting that the QCVs are derived from the ER. The QCVs are highly mobile, displaying dynamics that are dependent on microtubules and COP-II but not on COP-I vesicle machinery. Under ER stress conditions, the QCVs converge in a juxtanuclear region, at the ERQC, as previously reported. Our results also suggest that ERManI is turned over by an active autophagic process. Of importance, we found that membrane disturbance, as is common in immunofluorescence methods, leads to an artificial appearance of ERManI in a Golgi pattern.
IL-24: A new player in the pathogenesis of pro-inflammatory and allergic skin diseases (2020)

Interleukin (IL)-24 is a member of the IL-20 family of cytokines and is produced by various types of cells, such as CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, NK cells, mast cells, keratinocytes, bronchial epithelial cells, and myofibroblasts. Previous studies suggest that IL-24 plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of pro-inflammatory autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the role of IL-24 in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has been elusive. It has already been reported that IL-24 is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic lung and skin diseases. Moreover, we have recently revealed for the first time the pivotal functions of IL-24 in IL-13-mediated skin barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis (AD), which is known to be a characteristic of AD caused by Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 or IL-13. In this review, we show recent advances in the basic characteristics of IL-24 and its novel functions in the pathogenesis of allergic skin inflammation, focusing on AD. A better understanding of the role of IL-24 in allergic diseases can lead to the development of new therapeutic options.
Characteristics of Trap-Filled GaAs Photoconductive Switches Used in High Gain Pulsed Power Applications (2005)

ConclusionWe have presented experimental and simulation results for a SI GaAs and discussed the results in terms of the dominance of the trap levels in determining the I–V characteristics of the devices. Experimental results and simulation analyses indicate that, when subjected to neutron irradiation, there is an improvement in the hold-off characteristics of the devices, which may lead to higher voltage operation and thus an improvement in the rise time of the device. The maximum energy transferred to the load would increase, thereby improving the overall device characteristics. The filamentary conduction processes of the PCSS are more susceptible to failure if a large number of defect sites are formed in the device during a radiation transient. This is mainly because defects are expected to bring about inhomogeneous conduction.
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from The c-Myc Oncogene Directly Induces the H19 Noncoding RNA by Allele-Specific Binding to Potentiate Tumorigenesis (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-4 from The c-Myc Oncogene Directly Induces the H19 Noncoding RNA by Allele-Specific Binding to Potentiate Tumorigenesis