gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesenteric venous thrombosis. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach. (1997)

Mesenteric venous thrombosis is an infrequent but distinct form of intestinal ischaemia. We report a case of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis diagnosed by computed tomography. Laparoscopy permitted to establish the extent of the ischaemia. Initially, high doses streptokinase were administered for 6 hours, followed by heparinotherapy for 10 hours, with the aim to reduce the length of bowel to be resected. One day later, intestinal resection was carried out, followed by postoperative anticoagulation.
P4–264: Enhanced neuronal membrane and synapse formation by nutritional membrane precursors and cofactors (2013)

Synaptic dysfunction and synapse loss play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and consequently provide viable interventional targets. The specific nutrient combination Fortasyn® Connect is designed to enhance synapse formation and function in AD. Synapses consist principally of synaptic membranes that are composed of phospholipid bilayers. The formation of synaptic membranes can be enhanced by increasing the availability of nutritional membrane precursors and cofactors, provided by Fortasyn Connect. The precursors for membrane synthesis (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], uridine monophosphate [UMP] and choline) act by enhancing the substrate-saturation of enzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting steps of phospholipid synthesis via the Kennedy pathway. Folate, vitamins B 6, B 12, C, and E, selenium and phospholipids act as cofactors by increasing the availability of these membrane precursors or by directly affecting the Kennedy pathway. Dietary phospholipids can increase the availability of the precursors DHA and EPA by increasing their absorption from the gut into the enterocytes and the lymph. Dietary folate, vitamin B 12, and vitamin B 6 intake influences plasma concentration of the precursors DHA and choline as their availability affects methylation capacity and plasma homocysteine levels, which in turn influences the PEMT pathway. This especially is relevant in AD, which is associated with high plasma homocysteine levels and B-vitamin deficiencies. Vitamin C, E, and selenium can serve as antioxidants to protect the membrane precursors DHA and EPA from lipid peroxidation. Dietary phospholipids can also act as a direct source of precursors, whereas selenium may enhance membrane synthesis by increasing the activity of a key enzyme in the Kennedy pathway. The availability of membrane precursors is affected by their nutritional intake as well as by the intake of cofactors that increase precursor availability. Consequently, addition of nutritional cofactors potentially facilitates the synthesis of membrane phospholipids by enhancing the availability of the rate-limiting precursors.
Miniaturized magnet-less RF electron trap. II. Experimental verification (2017)

Atomic microsystems have the potential of providing extremely accurate measurements of timing and acceleration. However, atomic microsystems require active maintenance of ultrahigh vacuum in order to have reasonable operating lifetimes and are particularly sensitive to magnetic fields that are used to trap electrons in traditional sputter ion pumps. This paper presents an approach to trapping electrons without the use of magnetic fields, using radio frequency (RF) fields established between two perforated electrodes. The challenges associated with this magnet-less approach, as well as the miniaturization of the structure, are addressed. These include, for example, the transfer of large voltage (100–200 V) RF power to capacitive loads presented by the structure. The electron trapping module (ETM) described here uses eight electrode elements to confine and measure electrons injected by an electron beam, within an active trap volume of 0.7 cm3. The operating RF frequency is 143.6 MHz, which is the measured series resonant frequency between the two RF electrodes. It was found experimentally that the steady state electrode potentials on electrodes near the trap became more negative after applying a range of RF power levels (up to 0.15 W through the ETM), indicating electron densities of ≈3 × 105 cm−3 near the walls of the trap. The observed results align well with predicted electron densities from analytical and numerical models. The peak electron density within the trap is estimated as ∼1000 times the electron density in the electron beam as it exits the electron gun. This successful demonstration of the RF electron trapping concept addresses critical challenges in the development of miniaturized magnet-less ion pumps.
Computational Light Routing (2014)

Despite recent interest in digital fabrication, there are still few algorithms that provide control over how light propagates inside a solid object. Existing methods either work only on the surface or restrict themselves to light diffusion in volumes. We use multi-material 3D printing to fabricate objects with embedded optical fibers, exploiting total internal reflection to guide light inside an object. We introduce automatic fiber design algorithms together with new manufacturing techniques to route light between two arbitrary surfaces. Our implicit algorithm optimizes light transmission by minimizing fiber curvature and maximizing fiber separation while respecting constraints such as fiber arrival angle. We also discuss the influence of different printable materials and fiber geometry on light propagation in the volume and the light angular distribution when exiting the fiber. Our methods enable new applications such as surface displays of arbitrary shape, touch-based painting of surfaces, and sensing a hemispherical light distribution in a single shot.
Case 6 (2013)

Case presentations focus on mapping techniques, diagnosis, and proper catheter placement for successful ablation of arrhythmias. This case focuses on palpitations, retrograde right bundle branch block, His bundle activation, and AV node reentry.
Identifying the human optic radiation using diffusion imaging and fiber tractography (2008)

Measuring the properties of the white matter pathways from retina to cortex in the living human brain will have many uses for understanding visual performance and guiding clinical treatment. For example, identifying the Meyer's loop portion of the optic radiation (OR) has clinical significance because of the large number of temporal lobe resections. We use diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography (DTI-FT) to identify the most likely pathway between the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the calcarine sulcus in sixteen hemispheres of eight healthy volunteers. Quantitative population comparisons between DTI-FT estimates and published postmortem dissections match with a spatial precision of about 1 mm. The OR can be divided into three bundles that are segmented based on the direction of the fibers as they leave the LGN: Meyer's loop, central, and direct. The longitudinal and radial diffusivities of the three bundles do not differ within the measurement noise; there is a small difference in the radial diffusivity between the right and left hemispheres. We find that the anterior tip of Meyer's loop is 28 +/- 3 mm posterior to the temporal pole, and the population range is 1 cm. Hence, it is important to identify the location of this bundle in individual subjects or patients.
Automatic airway–artery analysis on lung CT to quantify airway wall thickening and bronchiectasis (2016)

The fully automatic method presented in this paper could replace time-consuming manual annotations and visual scoring methods to quantify abnormal widening and thickening of airways.
Local field enhancement and thermoplasmonics in multimodal aluminum structures (2017)

Aluminum nanostructures have recently been at the focus of numerous studies due to their properties including oxidation stability and surface plasmon resonances covering the ultraviolet and visible spectral windows. In this article, we reveal a facet of this metal relevant for both plasmonic purposes and photothermal conversion. The field distribution of high-order plasmonic resonances existing in two-dimensional Al structures is studied by nonlinear photoluminescence microscopy in a spectral region where electronic interband transitions occur. The polarization sensitivity of the field intensity maps shows that the electric field concentration can be addressed and controlled on demand. We use a numerical tool based on the Green dyadic method to analyze our results and to simulate the absorbed energy that is locally converted into heat. The polarization-dependent temperature increase of the Al structures is experimentally quantitatively measured, and is in an excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Our work highlights Al as a promising candidate for designing thermal nanosources integrated in coplanar geometries for thermally assisted nanomanipulation or biophysical applications.
Subgroup-specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes (2012)

Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant paediatric brain tumour, is currently treated with nonspecific cytotoxic therapies including surgery, whole-brain radiation, and aggressive chemotherapy. As medulloblastoma exhibits marked intertumoural heterogeneity, with at least four distinct molecular variants, previous attempts to identify targets for therapy have been underpowered because of small samples sizes. Here we report somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) in 1,087 unique medulloblastomas. SCNAs are common in medulloblastoma, and are predominantly subgroup-enriched. The most common region of focal copy number gain is a tandem duplication of SNCAIP, a gene associated with Parkinson's disease, which is exquisitely restricted to Group 4α. Recurrent translocations of PVT1, including PVT1-MYC and PVT1-NDRG1, that arise through chromothripsis are restricted to Group 3. Numerous targetable SCNAs, including recurrent events targeting TGF-β signalling in Group 3, and NF-κB signalling in Group 4, suggest future avenues for rational, targeted therapy.
Analysis of the charging problem in capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (2008)

The charging property of dielectrics between the upper and lower electrodes in capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) was investigated. In particular, the dependence of the capacitance of a CMUT cell on DC voltage (i.e., C-V curve) was measured before and after DC or DC+AC voltage stress was applied between the two electrodes. The charging was evaluated from the C-V curve shift. Silicon dioxide and silicon nitride were investigated as dielectric materials. The investigation found that the charging starts when the stress voltage reaches the collapse voltage of the CMUT cell, and it becomes larger with increasing stress voltage. Silicon dioxide causes less charging than silicon nitride. The charging by DC+AC voltage stress is higher than that by DC voltage stress only. The charge quantity accumulated in the dielectrics saturates at a constant value depending on the stress voltage. Moreover, the CV-curve shift, which degrades the sensitivity of the CMUT, can be estimated from DC bias voltage, AC driving voltage, and collapse voltage of CMUT. To avoid this sensitivity degradation, it is thus necessary that a system using CMUT devices must optimally control the operation voltage in accordance with the estimated shift.
CityLog, verso nuove soluzioni per la distribuzione urbana delle merci (2011)

La logistica urbana rappresenta oggi una delle principali sfide per una mobilità sostenibile. La distribuzione delle merci in città paga infatti in competitività quei problemi di cui è in parte responsabile: traffico, inquinamento, incidenti etc. Negli ultimi anni la sensibilità su questi aspetti di sostenibilità ambientale è cresciuta in maniera netta, e a livello europeo molta strada è stata fatta per predisporre le risposte più adeguate. Il progetto europeo CityLog, finanziato nell’ambito del Settimo Programma Quadro, vede oggi collaborare diciotto partner europei coordinati dal Centro Ricerche Fiat per migliorare la logistica urbana agendo lungo tre direttrici: • servizi telematici orientati alla logistica, per dare un contributo decisivo al miglioramento della pianificazione delle missioni utilizzando strumenti per il routing ottimizzato dei veicoli e il supporto informativo costante agli autisti dei veicoli; • soluzioni a bordo veicolo, che rappresentano un fattore chiave per aumentare la flessibilità operativa di camion e furgoni; • unità di carico innovative, accuratamente progettate per essere utilizzate su veicoli diversi in missioni diverse. Ne deriva pertanto una famiglia di container compatti con un layout interno riconfigurabile così da poter essere utilizzati per scopi diversi.
Domino Transformation of d-Glucal to Racemic α-Substituted α-Hydroxymethyl Furfuryl Derivatives (2008)

Lewis acid mediated one-pot transformation of D-glucal in the presence of nucleophiles leads to the formation of racemic alpha-substituted alpha-hydroxymethyl furfuryl derivatives, versatile synthons for biologically active molecules. Transformations using O-, S-, C-, and N-nucleophiles could be achieved readily under mild and scalable conditions. Indium triflate proved to be the catalyst of choice in terms of conversion and regioselectivity.
Gq/11‐induced intracellular calcium mobilization mediates Per2 acute induction in Rat‐1 fibroblasts (2006)

Phase resetting is one of the essential properties of circadian clocks that is required for the adjustment to a particular environment and the induction of Per1 and Per2 clock genes is believed to be a primary molecular event during this process. Although the intracellular signal transduction pathway underlying Per1 gene activation has been well characterized, the mechanisms that control Per2 up-regulation have not yet been elucidated. In our present study, we demonstrate that Gq/11 coupled receptors mediate serum-induced immediate rat Per2 (rPer2) transactivation in Rat-1 fibroblasts via intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Stimulation of these cells with a high concentration of serum was found to rapidly increase the intracellular Ca2+ levels and strongly up-regulated rPer2 gene. rPer2 induction by serum stimulation was abrogated by intracellular Ca2+ chelation and depletion of intracellular Ca2+ store, which suggests that the calcium mobilization is necessary for the up-regulation of rPer2 gene. In addition, suppression of Gq/11 function was observed to inhibit both Ca2+ mobilization and rPer2 induction. Further, we demonstrated that endothelin-induced acute rPer2 transactivation via Gq/11-coupled endothelin receptors is also suppressed by a Gq/11 specific inhibitor. These findings together suggest that serum and endothelin utilize a common Gq/11-PLC mediated pathway for the transactivation of rPer2, which involves the mobilization of calcium from the intracellular calcium store.
Flat-band Voltage Tunability and No Depletion Effect of Poly-Si Gate CMOS with Nanometer-size Metal Dots at the Poly-Si/Dielectric Interface (2004)

2004 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Flat-band Voltage Tunability and No Depletion Effect of Poly-Si Gate CMOS with Nanometer-size Metal Dots at the Poly-Si/Dielectric Interface
Basics of Packet Switching (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Fundamental Switching Concept Switch Fabric Classification Buffering Strategy in Switching Fabrics Multiplane Switching and Multistage Switching Performance of Basic Switches
Development of an MRI-Compatible, Compact, Rotary-Linear Piezoworm Actuator (2014)

A piezoelectric actuator was developed to operate safely deep inside the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine bore. It is based on novel design that produces linear and rotary motion simultaneously increasing the accuracy of medical needle insertion procedures. The actuation method is based on the piezoworm principle, minimizing the actuator size, maximizing output force, and permitting micrometer scale insertion accuracy. Beryllium copper with high stiffness and strength was used in constructing the actuator to minimize image distortion and to achieve the targeted performance. Performance tests were performed by controlling the frequency input and observing the effect on speed, force and torque. The device achieved a linear speed of 5.4 mm/s and a rotary speed of 10.5 rpm.
ChemInform Abstract: Heliquinomycin, a New Inhibitor of DNA Helicase, Produced by Streptomyces Sp. MJ929‐SF2. Part 2. Structure Determination of Heliquinomycin. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of Glycosphingolipids and Antibodies as Receptor Molecules for Ricin Detection (2005)

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) have been shown to undergo strong interactions with a number of protein toxins, including potential bioterrorism agents such as ricin and botulinum neurotoxin. Characterization of this interaction in recent years has led to a number of studies where GSLs were used as the recognition molecules for biosensing applications. Here, we offer a comparison of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors for the detection of ricin using antibodies and the GSLs GM1 and asialoGM1, which have been shown to undergo strong interactions with ricin. The presence, orientation, and activity of the GSL and antibody films were confirmed using ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and QCM. It was found that the GSLs offered more sensitive detection limits when directly compared with antibodies. Both GSLs had lower detection limits at 5 microg/mL, approximately 5 times lower than were found for antibodies (25 microg/mL), and their linear detection range extended to the highest concentrations tested (100 microg/mL), almost an order of magnitude beyond the saturation point for the antibody sensors. Potential sites for nonspecific adsorption were blocked using serum albumin without sacrificing toxin specificity.
A low-volume hybrid step-down dc-dc converter based on the dual use of flying capacitor (2016)

This paper introduces a hybrid step-down dc-dc converter, targeted for battery powered portable applications where low-volume implementation is the key priority. The introduced architecture, combining switched-capacitor (SC) and inductor based circuits, requires low-volume for implementation by reducing the size of the filer inductor by 4 times and the output capacitor by 2 times. In addition to supporting wide input-output range for step down voltage conversions, the introduced architecture demonstrates up to 15 % power processing efficiency improvement compared to conventional buck converter and faster dynamic response. These advantages are obtained by a dual use of the flying capacitor usually existing in SC converters. The flying capacitor is used for both balancing of the front-end stage and reducing voltage swing/stress of the components. Experimental results from a 5 V, 25 W, 500 kHz prototype verify advantages of the introduced converter.
C-flanking peptide of NPY in the pineal gland of normal and ganglionectomized sheep (1992)

International audience
Hemodynamic analysis of patient‐specific coronary artery tree (2015)

Local hemodynamic parameters, such as wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index and relative resident time (RRT), have been linked to coronary plaque initiation and progression. In this study, a left coronary artery tree model was reconstructed from computed tomography angiography images of a patient with multiple stenoses. The geometry of the coronary artery tree model was virtually restored by eliminating the lesions, essentially re-creating the virtually healthy artery anatomy. Using numerical simulations, flow characteristics and hemodynamic parameter distributions in the stenosed and virtually healthy models were investigated. In the virtually healthy artery model, disturbed flows were found at four locations, prone to initialization of plaque formation. Low WSS and high RRT were exhibited in three of the four locations, and high WSS and low RRT were exhibited in the fourth. These findings suggest that coronary plaque is more likely to form in locations with disturbed flow conditions characterized by low WSS and high RRT or high WSS and low RRT. In addition, clinical index of fractional flow reserve was found to significantly correlate with blood flow rate, rather than anatomic parameters, such as diameter stenosis, which implied the importance of hemodynamic environment in stenosis formation.
Homolytic alkylation of protonated heteroaromatic bases by alkyl iodides, hydrogen peroxide, and dimethyl sulfoxide (1989)

A new general process of selective, homolytic alkylation of heteroaromatic bases of great synthetic interest is described. It is based on the reaction of alkyl iodides with hydrogen peroxide and heterocyclic compounds in DMSO, catalyzed by an Fe(II) salt. It is shown that the iodine abstraction from the alkyl iodide by the methyl radical, generated from the solvent, is the key point of the overall process. Combined enthalpic and polar effects contribute to the high selectivity: the enthalpic factor governs the equilibria of the iodine abstraction, and the polar factor determines the reactivity toward the protonated heterocyclic ring.
An Evaluation of Bitrate Adaptation Methods for HTTP Live Streaming (2014)

HTTP streaming has become a cost-effective means for multimedia delivery nowadays. For adaptivity to networks and terminals, a provider should generate multiple representations of an original video as well as the related metadata. Recently, there have been various adaptation methods to support adaptive HTTP streaming. In this paper, we investigate typical adaptation methods in the context of live video streaming. We first discuss the trade-off among typical adaptation methods. The evaluation and comparison are then carried out not only in terms of bitrate and buffer behaviors but also in terms of the perceptual impact on end users. It is found that the perceptual impact depends not only on adaptation method but also on the content itself. We also show that the preparation of representation sets may affect the behaviors of some adaptation methods.
The Monolanthanide-Containing Silicotungstates [Ln(β2-SiW11O39)2]13- (Ln = La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb, Lu):  A Synthetic and Structural Investigation (2007)

We have synthesized and structurally characterized the monolanthanide-containing polyanions [Ln(beta2-SiW11O39)2]13- (Ln = La (1), Ce (2), Sm (3), Eu (4), Gd (5), Tb (6), Yb (7), Lu (8)). Synthesis was accomplished by reaction of the respective lanthanide ion with the monolacunary Keggin-type precursor [beta2-SiW11O39]8- in a 1:2 molar ratio in 1 M KCl medium at pH 5. Polyanions 1-8 were isolated as potassium salts and then characterized by IR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and elemental as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The structures of 1-8 are composed of an eight-coordinated Ln3+ center sandwiched by two chiral (beta2-SiW11O39) units. Large Ln3+ ions appear to favor an (R,R) (or (S,S)) configuration (point group C2) of the Keggin units, with an increasing amount of (R,S) (or (S,R)) configuration (point group C1) found in the solid state as the Ln3+ ion decreases in size. This trend is also supported by solution 183W NMR results for the diamagnetic La3+ and Lu3+ derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimalarial Cyclic Peroxy Ketals. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.