gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3052: Role of p53 in cdk inhibitor VMY-1-103-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer (2012)

Abstract The mammalian cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that controls cell division and replication. The tumor suppressor p53 plays a crucial role in both the G1/S and mitotic checkpoints, as well as in apoptosis in response to DNA damage. P53 activates p21, which is an inhibitor of cdk/cyclin E complexes, to cause cell cycle arrest. P53 can also function as a mediator of apoptosis by activating either the instrinsic or extrinsic pathway of apoptosis by activating transcriptional targets such as Bax, Bid, and TRAIL R4/5. In prostate cancer (PCa), p53 mutations are frequently associated with advanced staged disease. We recently have developed a novel analog of the CDK inhibitor purvalanol B, termed VMY-1-103 (VMY) which functions as a potent inhibitor of proliferation. To assess the efficacy of this compound in vitro, we tested the ability of VMY to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. VMY caused an increase in cells in G2/M in all cell lines tested. Additionally, VMY treatment resulted in a large amount of apoptosis in LNCaP cells, which are p53 wild-type. In contrast, DU145 cells, which are p53 mutant, and PC3 cells, which are p53 null, were significantly less susceptible to VMY-mediated apoptosis, strongly suggesting that functional p53 was required for VMY to induce apoptosis in PCa cells. In order to test this hypothesis, a series of experiments were carried out in these PCa cell lines. Knockdown of p53 by siRNA in LNCaP cells resulted in a decreased sensitivity to VMY, as these cells no longer underwent cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Further modulation of p53 was performed by overexpressing a wild-type construct in PC3 cells, which greatly sensitized the cells to cell death following VMY treatment. Conversely, introduction of several mutant p53 constructs into LNCaP cells did not decrease sensitivity to the drug whatsoever. Importantly, in DU145 cells, which have two mutations of p53 on opposite alleles, apoptosis was significantly increased when cells were pre-treated with PRIMA-1 to restore WT p53 function. Therefore, our data establishes p53 plays a crucial regulator of sensitivity to VMY and its ability to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. In addition we show that modification of mutant p53 by PRIMA in a p53 deficient cell lines, and the ensuing restoration of drug sensitivity, enhances the potential of VMY as a novel therapeutic for prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3052. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3052
High Speed InP-based Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (2002)

A b s tra c t. Wideband HBTs are obtained by thinning the base and collector, increasing current density, decreasing emitter contact resistivity, and reduc­ ing the emitter and collector junction widths. In digital ICs, increased emit­ ter current density and reduced emitter resistivity are critical requirements. We have fabricated submicron HBTs using substrate transfer processes, and have obtained devices with extremely high mm-wave gains. Amplifiers with 6.3 dB gain at 175 GHz have been fabricated, and 75 GHz true static fre­ quency dividers demonstrated.
120 mW High-Power Low-Noise GaAlAs Multiple-Quantum-Well Laser Diodes with a New Real Refractive Index Guided Self-Aligned Structure (1996)

We developed, for the first time, a new high-power, low-noise laser with power over 120 mW by using a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) real refractive index guided self-aligned (RISA) structure with a very low refractive index step. The lasers showed relative intensity noise level of less than -135 dB/Hz with 10% optical feedback in a wide output power range from 3 mW to 18 mW. Stable operation for over 1000 hours at 50° C with 35 mW was also achieved.
Editorial: tradipitant has promise for treating gastroparesis but leaves gastric function alone (2022)

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Khanna et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17065
Amnesic cache management for non-volatile memory (2015)

One characteristic of non-volatile memory (NVM) is that, even though it supports non-volatility, its retention capability is limited. To handle this issue, previous studies have focused on refreshing or advanced error correction code (ECC). In this paper, we take a different approach that makes use of the limited retention capability to our advantage. Specifically, we employ NVM as a file cache and devise a new scheme called amnesic cache management (ACM). The scheme is motivated by our observation that most data in a cache are evicted within a short time period after they have been entered into the cache, implying that they can be written with the relaxed retention capability. This retention relaxation can enhance the overall cache performance in terms of latency and energy since the data retention capability is proportional to the write latency. In addition, to prevent the retention relaxation from degrading the hit ratio, we estimate the future reference intervals based on the inter-reference gap (IRG) model and manage data adaptively. Experimental results with real-world workloads show that our scheme can reduce write latency by up to 40% (30% on average) and save energy consumption by up to 49% (37% on average) compared with the conventional LRU based cache management scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Azamacrocycles Using the Bis(α‐chloroacetamide)s Derived from Chiral 1,2‐Diphenylethylenediamine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines Bearing Adjacent Stereogenic Centers by Addition of Substituted Allylic Zinc Reagents to N‐tert‐Butanesulfinylimines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Actionable information in vision (2009)

I propose a notion of visual information as the complexity not of the raw images, but of the images after the effects of nuisance factors such as viewpoint and illumination are discounted. It is rooted in ideas of J. J. Gibson, and stands in contrast to traditional information as entropy or coding length of the data regardless of its use, and regardless of the nuisance factors affecting it. The non-invertibility of nuisances such as occlusion and quantization induces an “information gap” that can only be bridged by controlling the data acquisition process. Measuring visual information entails early vision operations, tailored to the structure of the nuisances so as to be “lossless” with respect to visual decision and control tasks (as opposed to data transmission and storage tasks implicit in traditional Information Theory). I illustrate these ideas on visual exploration, whereby a “Shannonian Explorer” guided by the entropy of the data navigates unaware of the structure of the physical space surrounding it, while a “Gibsonian Explorer” is guided by the topology of the environment, despite measuring only images of it, without performing 3D reconstruction. The operational definition of visual information suggests desirable properties that a visual representation should possess to best accomplish vision-based decision and control tasks.
Dialysis as a Novel Adjuvant Treatment for Malignant Cancers (2022)

Cancer metabolism is characterized by an increased utilization of fermentable fuels, such as glucose and glutamine, which support cancer cell survival by increasing resistance to both oxidative stress and the inherent immune system in humans. Dialysis has the power to shift the patient from a state dependent on glucose and glutamine to a ketogenic condition (KC) combined with low glutamine levels-thereby forcing ATP production through the Krebs cycle. By the force of dialysis, the cancer cells will be deprived of their preferred fermentable fuels, disrupting major metabolic pathways important for the ability of the cancer cells to survive. Dialysis has the potential to reduce glucose levels below physiological levels, concurrently increase blood ketone body levels and reduce glutamine levels, which may further reinforce the impact of the KC. Importantly, ketones also induce epigenetic changes imposed by histone deacetylates (HDAC) activity (Class I and Class IIa) known to play an important role in cancer metabolism. Thus, dialysis could be an impactful and safe adjuvant treatment, sensitizing cancer cells to traditional cancer treatments (TCTs), potentially making these significantly more efficient.
A regulatory motif in nonmuscle myosin II-B regulates its role in migratory front–back polarity (2015)

In this study, we show that the role of nonmuscle myosin II (NMII)-B in front-back migratory cell polarity is controlled by a short stretch of amino acids containing five serines (1935-1941). This motif resides near the junction between the C terminus helical and nonhelical tail domains. Removal of this motif inhibited NMII-B assembly, whereas its insertion into NMII-A endowed an NMII-B-like ability to generate large actomyosin bundles that determine the rear of the cell. Phosphomimetic mutation of the five serines also inhibited NMII-B assembly, rendering it unable to support front-back polarization. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that several of these serines are phosphorylated in live cells. Single-site mutagenesis showed that serine 1935 is a major regulatory site of NMII-B function. These data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of NMII in polarized migrating cells by identifying a key molecular determinant that confers NMII isoform functional specificity.
Physical Layer Performance for Low Latency and High Reliability in 5G (2018)

Ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) is one of the new main use cases of 5G to be supported by both New Radio (NR) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) technologies. In the paper, latency and reliability of NR and LTE are studied to estimate expected URLLC performance on the physical layer. The simplified performance estimation model is used to evaluate the overall reliability combining results from different physical channels. The results show that both NR and LTE can fulfill URLLC reliability requirements with different transmission configurations and thereby at a cost of different spectral efficiencies.
Academic Entrepreneurship: The NSF I-Corps Program [Entrepreneur Viewpoint] (2020)

Reports on the National Science Foundation (NSF)Innovation Corps (I-Corps) Program. The objective of the program is to maintain the United States’ economic and technological competitiveness by encouraging the commercialization of university research through entrepreneurial education.
Perfect nonlinear S-boxes (1991)

A perfect nonlinear S-box is a substitution transformation with evenly distributed directional derivatives. Since the method of differential cryptanalysis presented by E. Biham and A. Shamir makes use of nonbalanced directional derivatives, the perfect nonlinear S-boxes are immune to this attack. The main result is that for a perfect nonlinear S-box the number of input variables is at least twice the number of output variables. Also two different construction methods are given. The first one is based on the Maiorana-McFarland construction of bent functions and is easy and efficient to implement. The second method generalizes Dillon's construction of difference sets.
Changes in consumption of opioid analgesics in Israel 2009 to 2016: An update focusing on oxycodone and fentanyl formulations (2018)

The increase in opioid consumption persisted throughout the years 2009 to 2016. This has been associated with substantial changes in the patterns of prescribing opioids, characterized by increases in oxycodone and fentanyl prescriptions and decreases in morphine, methadone, and pethidine prescriptions. A national program aiming to ensure safe use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain is warranted.
Monte Carlo simulations of a hydrophobic weak polyelectrolyte. Charge distribution as a function of conformation (1993)

Monte Carlo simulations were performed to obtain the distribution of charged segments around the center of mass in a lattice-model, isolated weak polyelectrolyte with attractive segment–segment (hydrophobic) interactions. The charge distribution (relative to the mean ionization for a given state) is shown to depend essentially on chain conformation (stiffness).
Complex Regulation of Transferrin Receptors during Erythropoietin‐Induced Differentiation of J2E Erythroid Cells (1997)

The regulation of transferrin-receptor synthesis was studied in J2E erythroid cells induced to differentiate with erythropoietin. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that transcription of the transferrin-receptor gene rose markedly after erythropoietin treatment. In addition, transferrin-receptor mRNA was stabilised and this was associated with an increase in the activity of the RNA-binding protein IRP (iron regulatory protein). As a result of increased transcription and mRNA stabilisation, steady-state RNA levels increased 10-20-fold. However, despite these large increases in mRNA, translation only doubled; consequently, modest increases in total protein and surface transferrin receptors were observed. Moreover, this rise in transferrin receptors was transient, and correlated with a burst of proliferation shortly after erythropoietin treatment. The expected inverse relationship between transferrin receptors and ferritin did not occur during J2E maturation as translation of both ferritin subunits increased when transferrin-receptor mRNA levels rose. Analysis of mutant J2E clones incapable of synthesising haemoglobin revealed that surface transferrin-receptor levels were only 15-25% that of the parental erythroid line. We propose that the surface expression of transferrin receptors in J2E cells is governed by three factors: basal levels essential for normal growth in culture; elevated levels needed for haemoglobin synthesis; and a transient erythropoietin-induced increase that is required for the final burst of proliferation. It was concluded that the regulation of transferrin-receptor production in erythropoietin-stimulated J2E cells is complex and that there are several sites of control.
Upmixing and Beamforming in Professional Audio (2017)

This chapter presents examples and discusses considerations of different features and quality requirements that are important in professional products. It presents three commercial products that utilize parametric time-frequency-domain processing of spatial audio in applications of stereo upmixing, adaptive beamforming, and spatial sound reproduction. In stereo-to-multichannel upmixing, a stereophonic signal is rendered to a surround setup with typically five or seven loudspeakers in the horizontal plane around the listener. Time-frequency upmixing gives a vast improvement in the spatial audio quality when compared to time-domain matrix upmix. A discrete short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is used as the time-frequency representation. The stereo signal is decomposed into direct and ambient sound. Shotgun microphones are an acoustic implementation of a delay-and-sum beamformer, based on a single microphone element. The chapter discusses the quality considerations in professional audio that are taken into account in the development of products, such as single-channel quality and delay.
First principles calculations for analysis of martensitic transformations (1994)

The change in crystal energy is calculated for atomic displacements corresponding to phonons, elastic shears, and lattice transformations. Anomalies in the phonon dispersion curves of NiAl and NiTi are analyzed and recent calculations for TiPd alloys are presented.
LOWER EXTREMITY KINEMATICS OF SKI MOTION ON HILLS (2013)

This research study aimed to collect thre- dimensional joint angles of the lower extremity during a basic ski motion in order to provide more quantitative teaching guide-lines for ski instructors. Eleven infrared cameras were placed to cover the capture volume of three different stopping movements (e.g. “Pflug Fahren”) on hills. Six ski instructors participated in the test. Three trials of each stop were selected for comparison. Based on the results, skiers tended to use the edge of the ski and maintain a wider “V” shape at the shortest stop distance (e.g. 2m) compared to the other stops. Also, each skier had to invert the foot with a less flexed and more abducted knee and hip position as the stopping distance was decreased. This information will be useful for the development of more objective teaching guide-lines for beginner skiers.
Targeting activated PI3K/mTOR signaling overcomes acquired resistance to CDK4/6-based therapies in preclinical models of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (2020)

These data support the clinical investigation of p110α-selective inhibitors of PI3K, such as alpelisib, in patients with ER+/HER2- breast cancer who have progressed on CDK4/6:ER-based therapies. Our data also support the investigation of PI3K:CDK4/6:ER triple combination therapy to prevent the onset of resistance to the combination of endocrine therapy plus CDK4/6 inhibition.
Automated (S)TEM metrology characterization of gate-all-around and 3D NAND devices (2023)

Fab <strong>metrology</strong> and defect inspection workflows have reached an inflection point with the introduction of <strong>gate-all-around</strong> (GAA) and high aspect ratio memory structures. Few existing inspection and metrology tools can match the sub-surface imaging and analytical capability provided by (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy (<strong>(S)TEM</strong>). Fully automated (S)TEM workflows are becoming a necessity for the industry to deliver high volume metrology reference data. This atomic scale data must be available with fast turnaround and must also be statistically valid to speed up learning cycles. In this study, we present (S)TEM metrology characterization of advanced GAA and <strong>3D NAND</strong> devices by an automated MetriosTM TEM. We introduce an internal <strong>machine learning</strong>-based modeling algorithm to address the challenges of recognizing GAA devices with process variations and provide faster access to highly accurate TEM reference metrology data. We present automated <strong>EDS</strong> characterization of beam-sensitive ONO layers, which is a key challenge in 3D NAND device metrology, enabled by a new generation of EDS detector with a high collection efficiency. We also present results on (S)TEM metrology during process monitoring of GAA devices with a higher level of TEM <strong>automation</strong>.
The KN-93 Molecule Inhibits Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) Activity by Binding to Ca2+/CaM (2019)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase that transmits calcium signals in various cellular processes. CaMKII is activated by calcium-bound calmodulin (Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM) through a direct binding mechanism involving a regulatory C-terminal α-helix in CaMKII. The Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM binding triggers transphosphorylation of critical threonine residues proximal to the CaM-binding site leading to the autoactivated state of CaMKII. The demonstration of its critical roles in pathophysiological processes has elevated CaMKII to a key target in the management of numerous diseases. The molecule KN-93 is the most widely used inhibitor for studying the cellular and in vivo functions of CaMKII. It is widely believed that KN-93 binds directly to CaMKII, thus preventing kinase activation by competing with Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM. Herein, we employed surface plasmon resonance, NMR, and isothermal titration calorimetry to characterize this presumed interaction. Our results revealed that KN-93 binds directly to Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM and not to CaMKII. This binding would disrupt the ability of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM to interact with CaMKII, effectively inhibiting CaMKII activation. Our findings also indicated that KN-93 can specifically compete with a CaMKIIδ-derived peptide for binding to Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM. As indicated by the surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry data, apparently at least two KN-93 molecules can bind to Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM. Our findings provide new insight into how in vitro and in vivo data obtained with KN-93 should be interpreted. They further suggest that other Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM-dependent, non-CaMKII activities should be considered in KN-93-based mechanism-of-action studies and drug discovery efforts.
Influence of Adjustable Inlet Guide Vanes on the Performance Characteristics of a Shrouded Centrifugal Compressor (2017)

A shrouded centrifugal compressor model stage used for 120,000 m3/h oxygen production air separation unit was designed and tested at several IGV stagger angles from −15° to +60° and machine Mach number from 0.97 to 0.5. Present research works aimed to assess the influence of the adjustable IGVs and the IGV modeling on the shrouded centrifugal compressor performance characteristics and inlet flow field and to explore the effect factors of the CFD prediction accuracy and compressor stability at different IGV stagger angles. The measured results show that the model stage with 0° IGV stagger angle yields almost the same stagnation pressure ratio performance as the stage-only model but at a lower peak isentropic efficiency. With an appropriate IGV stagger angle setting ranging from −15° to +30°, the compressor stability could be efficiently enhanced. Numerical studies indicate that a large IGV hub gap may lead to a significant lag effect on the flow angle generated by the inlet guide vanes when increasing the IGV stagger angle.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Collaboration of Kras and Androgen Receptor Signaling Stimulates EZH2 Expression and Tumor-Propagating Cells in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 83K, Dividing prostate spheres in Kras(G12D)+AR transduced cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Mobilizing Endogenous Stem Cells (2001)

Over the last 50 yr, the long-held dogma that neurogenesis stops at birth has been gradually modified to allow specific exceptions to the rule. In many mammalian species, new neurons are continually added to the adult olfactory bulb (1) and hippocampus (2–5). As more information is gathered, additional sites may be found that are unique to individual species (6). Although natural neurogenic processes respond in a limited manner to damage in the CNS (7–9) the inability of the adult brain to regenerate fully following disease or injury still provides a concrete example of how the dogma holds true from a clinical point of view. In this context, the insight gained in defining neurogenic mechanisms in the adult may be relevant to central nervous system (CNS) repair since the successful therapeutic approaches will ultimately depend on the precise modulation of an extensive regulatory network.