gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anatase Titania Nanorods as an Intercalation Anode Material for Rechargeable Sodium Batteries (2014)

For the first time, we report the electrochemical activity of anatase TiO2 nanorods in a Na cell. The anatase TiO2 nanorods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and their surfaces were coated by carbon to improve the electric conductivity through carbonization of pitch at 700 °C for 2 h in Ar flow. The resulting structure does not change before and after the carbon coating, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopic images confirm the presence of a carbon coating on the anatase TiO2 nanorods. In cell tests, anodes of bare and carbon-coated anatase TiO2 nanorods exhibit stable cycling performance and attain a capacity of about 172 and 193 mAh g(-1) on the first charge, respectively, in the voltage range of 3-0 V. With the help of the conductive carbon layers, the carbon-coated anatase TiO2 delivers more capacity at high rates, 104 mAh g(-1) at the 10 C-rate (3.3 A g(-1)), 82 mAh g(-1) at the 30 C-rate (10 A g(-1)), and 53 mAh g(-1) at the 100 C-rate (33 A g(-1)). By contrast, the anode of bare anatase TiO2 nanorods delivers only about 38 mAh g(-1) at the 10 C-rate (3.3 A g(-1)). The excellent cyclability and high-rate capability are the result of a Na(+) insertion and extraction reaction into the host structure coupled with Ti(4+/3+) redox reaction, as revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Process latitudes in projection printing (1991)

A simulation package has been developed to address a wide variety of process latitude issues. The authors demonstrate its versatility by studying three examples: (i) process latitude degradation due to notching, (ii) line width dependence of a newly developed negative I-line chemically amplified resist on baking time, and (iii) linewidth control of an exposed x-ray 0.5 (mu) line as a function of baking time. A powerful all-purpose 3-D dissolution algorithm has been developed for this purpose. It is the only dissolution algorithm capable of handling changes to topology of the dissolution surface.
A soft-switched bi-directional DC-DC converter (2007)

High-power, high-frequency and high density bi-directional dc-dc converters are increasingly required in industrial applications and in automotive hybrid-electric power systems. This paper presents detailed analysis and experimental results on a 100 kHz, soft-switched bi-directional dc-dc converter, a novel variation of the auto-transformer soft-switching cell. New closed-form expressions are presented for the average current gain of the converter, taking both the impact of the soft-switching network and the output current ripple into account. These expressions are validated by simulation and experimental results. The efficiency of a prototype converter is shown to be approximately 97% over a wide load range for both buck and boost operating modes. The circuit modes and limitations are discussed. The paper presents a 1 kW experimental comparison between the soft-switched MOSFETbased low-ripple converter, a hard-switched low-ripple IGBT converter and a high-ripple MOSFET converter.
Write and Read Frequency-Based Word-Line Batch $V_{\mathrm{TH}}$ Modulation for 2-D and 3-D-TLC NAND Flash Memories (2018)

As a comprehensive solution based on the data access frequency, this paper proposes word-line batch V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> modulation (WBVM) to improve the reliability of 2-D and 3-D-triple-level-cell (TLC) nand flash memories. Proposed WBVM modulates the threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> ) distribution and decreases errors of frequently written/erased “write-hot data,” infrequently written or read “writeand read-cold data,” and frequently read “read-hot data.” For write-hot data, the proposed WBVM V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> score modulation suppresses the degradation of the tunnel oxide, which is caused by programming higher V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> state. On the other hand, for writeand read-cold and read-hot data, the proposed WBVM bit error rate (BER) score modulation reduces errors during data retention and read cycles. Moreover, for archive memory, the proposed BER score nLC-modulation achieves the higher reliability by expanding the read margin of the least reliable V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> state. As a result, the proposed WBVM realizes the comprehensive reliability enhancement for write-hot, write and read-cold, and read-hot data of 2-D and 3-D-TLC nand flash. WBVM extends the acceptable write/erase cycles, the acceptable data-retention time, and the acceptable read cycles by up to 1.8×, 45×, and 4.7×, respectively.
Selective inhibition of M5muscarinic acetylcholine receptors attenuates cocaine self‐administration in rats (2017)

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) remains a debilitating health problem in the United States for which there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment options. Accumulating anatomical and electrophysiological evidence indicates that the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M<sub>5</sub> ) plays a critical role in the regulation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry, a major site of action for cocaine and other psychostimulants. In addition, M<sub>5</sub> knockout mice exhibit reduced cocaine self-administration behaviors with no differences in sugar pellet-maintained responding relative to wild-type mice. These findings suggest that selective inhibition of M<sub>5</sub> mAChR may provide a novel pharmacological approach for targeting CUD. Recently, we reported the synthesis and characterization of ML375, a selective negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for the rat and human M<sub>5</sub> mAChR with optimized pharmacokinetic properties for systemic dosing in rodents. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer intravenous cocaine (0.1-0.75 mg/kg/infusion) under a 10-response fixed ratio or a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Under both schedules of reinforcement, ML375 produced dose-related reductions in cocaine self-administration. ML375 also modestly reduced sugar pellet-maintained responding on the 10-response, fixed ratio schedule but had no effect under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Further, ML375 did not affect general motor output as assessed by a rotarod test. Collectively, these results provide the first demonstration that selective inhibition of M<sub>5</sub> using the M<sub>5</sub> NAM ML375 can attenuate both the reinforcing effects and the relative strength of cocaine and suggest that M<sub>5</sub> NAMs may represent a promising, novel treatment approach for CUD.
LIGAND: database of chemical compounds and reactions in biological pathways (2002)

LIGAND is a composite database comprising three sections: COMPOUND for the information about metabolites and other chemical compounds, REACTION for the collection of substrate-product relations representing metabolic and other reactions, and ENZYME for the information about enzyme molecules. The current release (as of September 7, 2001) includes 7298 compounds, 5166 reactions and 3829 enzymes. In addition to the keyword search provided by the DBGET/LinkDB system, a substructure search to the COMPOUND and REACTION sections is now available through the World Wide Web (http://www.genome.ad.jp/ligand/). LIGAND may be also downloaded by anonymous FTP (ftp://ftp.genome.ad.jp/pub/kegg/ligand/).
BİYOMETRİK KIYIM YÖNTEMLERİNİN KAPASİTE ANALİZİ CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF BIOMETRIC HASHING METHODS (2011)

We address the capacity analysis problem for the biometric hashing methods in this work. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work on this topic in the literature up to now. We develop an information theoretic capacity analysis method for biometric hashing methods. The proposed method depends on the within-class noise resilience which is analogues to the variations of the biometric data belonging to any user in the system. With the proposed method, we can also estimate the maximum number of users that a biometric hashing system can reliable accommodate. Besides, we test the performance of the proposed method with two different face image databases. Thus, we also experimentally estimate the maximum number of users that a biometric hashing method can handle. In order to compare the results with the another performance metric, we calculate the equal error rate of the biometric hashing methods as well.
Origins of Low-Frequency Noise and Interface Traps in 4H-SiC MOSFETs (2012)

Detailed studies of the temperature and voltage dependences of the low-frequency noise of 4H-SiC MOSFETs and TCAD simulations show that the noise is caused primarily by interface traps. First-principle calculations identify these traps as carbon vacancy clusters and nitrogen dopant atoms at or near the SiC/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface.
Population and rotational kinetics of the rhodamine B monomer and dimer: Picosecond transient spectrometry (1982)

We use picosecond excite-and-probe techniques at 532 nm, a subnanosecond fluorescence spectrometer, and a transient-transmission spectrometer with picosecond temporal resolution to measure the population kinetics and rotational diffusion of aqueous rhodamine B monomer and dimer. The excited-state lifetimes of the monomer and dimer are determined to be 1.6 ns and 100 ps, respectively, and the rotational randomization time of the monomer is measured to be 250 ps. The dimer rotational diffusion time is determined to be longer than that of the monomer, indicating that there is a large molecular species in equilibrium with the monomer.
Synthesis of the Proposed Isomers of the Deep-Sea Mussel Metabolites Bathymodiolamides A and B (2021)

The first total synthesis of bathymodiolamides A and B, ceramide-like metabolites of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel <i>Bathymodiolus thermophilus</i>, was accomplished in eight linear steps starting from Garner's aldehyde and three carboxylic acids. A sequence of vinylation of Garner's aldehyde, N-acylation with lauric acid, dihydroxylation of the terminal alkene, and stepwise Steglich-Hassner esterifications of the resulting vicinal diol with the respective saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids, which had to be prepared separately, afforded the target products in 38 and 39% yield. We found distinct discrepancies between their NMR data and antiproliferative activities and those reported for the natural isolates.
Multivariate Analysis of the Risk of Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss (1979)

In a retrospective study, 92 patients with ocular hypertension, ie, intraocular pressure of 21 mm Hg or higher, and no evidence of glaucomatous visual field defects, were observed for five years. Visual field defects developed in one or both eyes of 33 patients during the five-year follow-up period, while none were detected in the remaining 59. Values for suspected risk factors, determined at the outset of the follow-up period, were subjected to a multivariate analysis with use of linear discriminant analysis and a multiple logistic function. Models of risk providing maximum separation of the two patient groups (visual field loss vs no visual field loss) found that the risk factors having the greatest significance for prediction of visual field loss included vertical estimates of cup/disc ratio, mean IOP during the period of observation, a positive family history of glaucoma, and age. Factors having the lowest predictive values included IOP response to topical dexamethasone, plasma cortisol suppression, and a history of systemic hypertension.
Bounded Error Estimation: A Chebyshev Center Approach (2007)

We develop a nonlinear minimax estimator for the classical linear regression model assuming that the true parameter vector lies in an intersection of ellipsoids. We seek an estimate that minimizes the worst-case estimation error over the given parameter set. Since this problem is intractable, we approximate it using semidefinite relaxation, and refer to the resulting estimate as the relaxed Chebyshev center (RCC). We then demonstrate through simulations that the RCC can significantly improve the estimation error over the conventional constrained least-squares method.
Visualizing the arterial wall water permeability barrier with femtosecond CARS microscopy (2017)

The precise location and nature of the artery water permeability barrier is unknown. Water imaging in arteries with femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy reveals that this barrier is formed by the endothelial basolateral membrane.
Phosphorylation of the Abelson murine leukemia virus transforming protein (1981)

The Abelson murine leukemia virus transforming gene product is a phosphorylated protein encoded by both viral and cellular sequences. This gene product has an amino-terminal region derived from the gag gene of its parent virus and a carboxyl-terminal region of (abl) derived from a normal murine cellular gene. Using a combination of partial proteolytic cleavage techniques and antisera specific for gag and abl sequences, we mapped in vivo phosphorylation sites to different regions of the protein. Phosphoproteins encoded by strain variants and transformation-defective mutants of Abelson murine leukemia virus with defined deletions in the primary sequence of the abl region were compared by two dimensional limit digest peptide mapping. Specific phosphorylation pattern differences for wild-type and mutant proteins probably represented deletions of specific phosphate acceptor sites in the abl region. An in vitro autophosphorylation activity copurified with the Abelson murine leukemia virus protein from transformation-competent strains. A peptide analysis of such in vitro reactions demonstrated that these phosphorylation sites were restricted to the amino-terminal region, and the specific sites appeared to be unrelated to the sites found on proteins phosphorylated in vivo. Thus, the autophosphorylation reaction probably correlates with an activity important in transformation, but the specific end product in vitro bears little resemblance to its function in vivo.
Analyses of Surface and Interfacial Layers in Polycrystalline <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Cu}_{2}\hbox{O}$</tex></formula> Thin-Film Transistors (2015)

Effects of low temperature (300 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C) annealing on Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O films were investigated by analyzing the film stacking structures with photoemission spectroscopy, X-ray reflectivity spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometory in relation to p-channel TFT characteristics and possible origins of trap states. The Hall mobility of optimum Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O films was 2.1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(V·s); however, the bottom-gate Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O TFT exhibited a much lower field effect mobility of the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(V·s) and an on/off drain current ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . This work detected a surface layer and an interface layer in the Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O/ SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> samples, i.e., the surface layer included the 2+ state of Cu ions that would form subgap hole trap states at the back channel region. In addition, the low-density layer at the Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface would produce extra interfacial trap states.
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Does Not Regulate the Degradation of Porcine β-Microseminoprotein during Sperm Capacitation (2020)

Sperm capacitation, one of the key events during successful fertilization, is associated with extensive structural and functional sperm remodeling, beginning with the modification of protein composition within the sperm plasma membrane. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), a multiprotein complex responsible for protein degradation and turnover, participates in capacitation events. Previous studies showed that capacitation-induced shedding of the seminal plasma proteins such as SPINK2, AQN1, and DQH from the sperm surface is regulated by UPS. Alterations in the sperm surface protein composition also relate to the porcine β-microseminoprotein (MSMB/PSP94), seminal plasma protein known as immunoglobulin-binding factor, and motility inhibitor. MSMB was detected in the acrosomal region as well as the flagellum of ejaculated boar spermatozoa, while the signal disappeared from the acrosomal region after in vitro capacitation (IVC). The involvement of UPS in the MSMB degradation during sperm IVC was studied using proteasomal interference and ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) inhibiting conditions by image-based flow cytometry and Western blot detection. Our results showed no accumulation of porcine MSMB either under proteasomal inhibition or under E1 inhibiting conditions. In addition, the immunoprecipitation study did not detect any ubiquitination of sperm MSMB nor was MSMB detected in the affinity-purified fraction containing ubiquitinated sperm proteins. Based on our results, we conclude that UPS does not appear to be the regulatory mechanism in the case of MSMB and opening new questions for further studies. Thus, the capacitation-induced processing of seminal plasma proteins on the sperm surface may be more complex than previously thought, employing multiple proteolytic systems in a non-redundant manner.
NOTCH assembles a transcriptional repressive complex containing NuRD and PRC1 to repress genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation (2019)

Summary NOTCH1 is best known as a master regulator of T-cell development with a strong oncogenic potential in developing T-cells. Upon induction of Notch, cells go through major transcriptional reprogramming that involves both activation and repression of gene expression. Although much is known about the transcriptional programs activated by Notch, the identity of the genes silenced downstream of Notch signaling and the mechanisms by which Notch down-regulates their expression remain unclear. Here, we show that upon induction of Notch signaling, ICN1-CSL-MAML1 ternary complex assembles a transcriptional Notch Repressive Complex (NRC) containing NuRD and PRC1. Genome wide analysis revealed set of genes bound and transcriptionally repressed by the NRC. Remarkably, among those genes, we found master regulators of cell differentiation and cell proliferation such as PAX5, master B-cell regulator and the DNA-binding transcriptional repressor MAD4. We propose that Notch possesses a dual role as direct activator and repressor by serving as a platform for the recruitment of co-activators and co-repressors on target genes and that both activities are required for Notch nuclear functions.
Filler Particle Distribution Impact for Interfacial Delamination of Underfill (2023)

As the market trends drive aggressive miniaturization and highly-integrated packaging solutions, Flip Chip (FC) technology has been widely recognized and adopted as the optimal solution. However, with integration and miniaturization come mechanical reliability challenges - primarily interfacial delamination and crack of 1st-level interconnection. Interfacial delamination between polyimide (PI) and underfill (UF - which contains epoxy polymer and filler particles) around the solder bump is one of the dominant issues attributed to open short electrical failure for FC devices. This study develops a predictive mechanical reliability modeling methodology using the FEA-based scheme to capture the local structure impact of filler particle underfill (UF) distribution and correlate it to empirical data obtained from thermal cycle (TC) test data. The methodology constitutes coupling an image-processing technique and light intensity analysis to extract the local difference in PI and UF filler particle distribution from the measured cross-sectional image. The temperature-dependent UF resin mechanical properties were derived using Mori-Taknaka's composite theory model coupled with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In addition, the Anand model was employed to capture the rate-dependent plasticity of the solder material. Silicon validation of the modeling methodology was demonstrated on two real-life IC FC package devices under TC loading conditions. Good correlation between modeling and silicon measurements was achieved, which validates the integrity of the predictive modeling methodology.
Method for Qualitative Comparisons of Protein Mixtures Based on Enzyme-Catalyzed Stable-Isotope Incorporation (2005)

Determining which proteins are unique among one or several protein populations is an often-encountered task in proteomics. To this purpose, we present a new method based on trypsin-catalyzed incorporation of the stabile isotope (18)O in the C-termini of tryptic peptides, followed by LC-MALDI MS analysis. The analytical strategy was designed such that proteins unique to a given population out of several can be assigned in a single experiment by the isotopic signal intensity distributions of their tryptic peptides in the recorded mass spectra. The method is demonstrated for protein-protein interaction analysis, in which the differential isotope labeling was used to distinguish endogenous human brain proteins interacting with a recombinant bait protein from nonbiospecific background binders.
Generation of Dual-Carrier QPSK Signals with Mixed Electronics-Optics Modulator (2013)

We devised a dual-carrier QPSK modulator that uses both analogue electrical and optical modulation, which simplifies the optical circuit configuration and reduces the power consumption of a transmitter. We demonstrated the generation of dual-carrier 14-Gbaud QPSK signals with the devised modulator.
Arrested development A Prescription for Change The Looming Crisis in Drug Development Michael Kinch UNC Press, 2016. 351 pp. (2016)

Financial and regulatory pressures threaten the discovery of new medicines
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) for lighting applications -recent advances and perspectives of commercialisation (2004)

INTRODUCTION Organic light emitting diodes (OLED) are about to make their way from discovery in basic research to industrial scale production in emissive display technology within little more than one decade. Most important benefits of OLEDs are properties like: thin, lightweight, large-area diffuse lighting, low voltage technology, rugged design, 2D and 3D shaping.