gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Holistic overlay control for multi-patterning process layers at the 10nm and 7nm nodes (2016)

Multi-patterning lithography at the 10-nm and 7-nm nodes is driving the allowed overlay error down to extreme low values. Advanced high order overlay correction schemes are needed to control the process variability. Additionally the increase of the number of split layers results in an exponential increase of metrology complexity of the total overlay and alignment tree. At the same time, the process stack includes more hard-mask steps and becomes more and more complex, with as consequence that the setup and verification of the overlay metrology recipe becomes more critical. All of the above require a holistic approach that addresses total overlay optimization from process design to process setup and control in volume manufacturing. In this paper we will present the holistic overlay control flow designed for 10-nm and 7-nm nodes and illustrate the achievable ultimate overlay performance for a logic and DRAM use case. As figure 1 illustrates we will explain the details of the steps in the holistic flow. Overlay accuracy is the driver for target design and metrology tool optimization like wavelength and polarization. We will show that it is essential to include processing effects like etching and CMP which can result in a physical asymmetry of the bottom grating of diffraction based overlay targets. We will introduce a new method to create a reference overlay map, based on metrology data using multiple wavelengths and polarization settings. A similar approach is developed for the wafer alignment step. The overlay fingerprint correction using linear or high order correction per exposure (CPE) has a large amount of parameters. It is critical to balance the metrology noise with the ultimate correction model and the related metrology sampling scheme. Similar approach is needed for the wafer align step. Both for overlay control as well as alignment we have developed methods which include efficient use of metrology time, available for an in the litho-cluster integrated metrology use. These methods include a novel set models that efficiently describe different process fingerprints. We will explain the methods and show the benefits for logic and DRAM use cases.
The endogenous antiseptic N-chlorotaurine irreversibly inactivates Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis (2018)

This is the first study demonstrating the antimicrobial activity of NCT against Chlamydiae. Clinical implications of these findings have to be investigated in further trials.
Direct PCR detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (2003)

This should provide an improved method to assess contamination of environmental and other samples by STEC and other pathogens.
Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from A Novel B7-H6–Targeted IgG-Like T Cell–Engaging Antibody for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 (A) OGAP® Screen of tumor and non-tumorous (normal, non-diseased tissues). (B) B7-H6 mRNA expression in gastrointestinal cancer tissues (TCGA). Supplementary Figure 2 B7-H6 expression on cell lines Supplementary Figure 3 Influence of B7-H6/CD3 ITE on the B7-H6-induced activation of NK-92® MI cells. Supplementary Figure 4 Pharmacokinetic profile in NOG mice.&lt;/p&gt;
RPL DAG Metric Container Node State and Attribute object type extension (2019)

Implementing Packet Replication and Elimination from / to the RPL root requires the ability to forward copies of packets over different paths via different RPL parents. Selecting the appropriate parents to achieve ultra-low latency and jitter requires information about a node's parents. This document details what information needs to be transmitted and how it is encoded within a packet to enable this functionality.
Alloreactivity in Renal Transplant Recipients with and without Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (2004)

The pathogenesis of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) involves both immunologic (antigen-dependent) and nonimmunologic (antigen-independent) mechanisms. In order to provide further insight into the immunologic basis of this disease, a cross-sectional analysis of cellular and humoral immunity in human renal allograft recipients with or without deteriorating renal function and biopsy proven CAN was performed. Interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays were used to assess cellular immunity to donor, or fully mismatched third-party stimulator cells (direct pathway), and to synthetic peptides derived from donor HLA molecules (indirect pathway). Anti-HLA antibodies were evaluated by flow cytometry using HLA-coated beads. Both the mean frequencies of donor-reactive peripheral blood lymphocytes and the number of individuals who responded to donor antigens per group were statistically higher in CAN patients versus control subjects (P < 0.02). Calculated ratios of donor/third-party enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot responses showed mean values of 2.61 +/- 3.0 in the CAN group, with ratios of 0.50 to 0.72 +/- 0.42 in control subjects (P < 0.001), confirming that direct, donor-specific cellular immunity predominated in patients with CAN. Fifty percent of CAN patients studied exhibited donor peptide reactivity compared with only 28.6% in control subjects. Finally, 33% of patients in the CAN group developed new posttransplantation anti-HLA antibodies compared with only 4% in the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, the results suggest that persistent cell-mediated and humoral alloimmunity contribute to the development of CAN and further demonstrate that anti-donor immunity in patients with CAN is heterogeneous. Immune monitoring to predict long-term outcome should include multiple measures of cellular and humoral immunity.
Solvation, exchange and electrochemical intercalation properties of disodium 2,5-(dianilino)terephthalate (2016)

The development of intercalation chemistry in the early 70s has particularly enabled the deployment of novel and efficient electrode materials for electrochemical storage. A striking example is the commercialization of the first lithium-ion (rocking-chair) battery in 1991. Recently, a resurgence of new intercalation structures has occurred with the development of sodium-ion batteries, and therefore materials able to reversibly accommodate sodium ions in layered or porous solids (e.g., 3d transition-metal oxides). However, not only metal cations can be incorporated into multi-dimensional structures but also polar molecules and anions especially in 2-D host lattices where they can be accommodated through chemical or electrochemical reactions, respectively. Herein, we specifically report on disodium 2,5-(dianilino)terephthalate as a multifunctional organic intercalation material able to chemically exchange metal cations and accommodate organic polar molecules as well as host anions under electrochemical charging conditions. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements coupled with other analytical techniques were performed for evidencing the Na/Li exchange reaction as well as the solvent intercalation. Moreover, galvanostatic cycling tests and impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed to demonstrate the occurrence of anion intercalation process and the resulting effect on the conductivity of the analogous dilithium 2,5-(dianilino)terephthalate compound.
Immunological and functional features of decellularized xenogeneic heart valves after transplantation into GGTA1-KO pigs (2021)

Decellularization of xenogeneic heart valves might lead to excellent regenerative implants, from which many patients could benefit. However, this material carries various xenogeneic epitopes and thus bears a considerable inherent immunological risk. Here, we investigated the regenerative and immunogenic potential of xenogeneic decellularized heart valve implants using pigs deficient for the galactosyltransferase gene (GGTA1-KO) as novel large animal model. Decellularized aortic and pulmonary heart valves obtained from sheep, wild-type pigs or GGTA1-KO pigs were implanted into GGTA1-KO pigs for 3, or 6 months, respectively. Explants were analyzed histologically, immunhistologically (CD3, CD21 and CD172a) and anti-αGal antibody serum titers were determined by ELISA. Xenogeneic sheep derived implants exhibited a strong immune reaction upon implantation into GGTA1-KO pigs, characterized by massive inflammatory cells infiltrates, presence of foreign body giant cells, a dramatic increase of anti-αGal antibody titers and ultimately destruction of the graft, whereas wild-type porcine grafts induced only a mild reaction in GGTA1-KO pigs. Allogeneic implants, wild-type/wild-type and GGTA1-KO/GGTA1-KO valves did not induce a measurable immune reaction. Thus, GGTA1-KO pigs developed a 'human-like' immune response toward decellularized xenogeneic implants showing that immunogenicity of xenogeneic implants is not sufficiently reduced by decellularization, which detracts from their regenerative potential.
Atomically Flattening Technology at 850ºC for Si(100) Surface (2010)

We demonstrate a low temperature flattening method for the 200-mm-diameter (100) orientation silicon wafers. By annealing in ultra pure argon ambient at 850ºC or above, atomically flat surfaces composed of atomic terraces and steps appear uniformly in the whole 200mm wafer. The width of atomic terrace changes with the off angle of wafer surface. It is found that with the off angle of 0.50º or below, only mono-atomic steps appear on the atomically flat surface, and the terrace widths are almost equal to the calculation values. Moreover, we have found using the vertical furnace the whole 200mm wafer surface can be atomically flattened in shorter time by increasing the argon gas flow rate or the annealing temperature. Furthermore, after annealing at 900ºC or below, there is no slip-line defect in the whole wafer. This low temperature flattening method is very suitable to be applied in the LSI manufacturing.
Information discovery in loosely integrated data (2007)

We model heterogeneous data sources with cross references, such as those crawled on the (enterprise) web, as a labeled graph with data objects as typed nodes and references or links as edges. Given the labeled data graph, we introduce flexible and efficient querying capabilities that go beyond existing capabilities by additionally discovering meaningful relationships between objects that satisfy keyword and/or structured query filters. We introduce the relationship search operator that exploits the link structure between data objects to rank objects related to the result of a filter. We implement the search operator using the ObjectRank [1] algorithm that uses the random surfer model. We study several alternatives for constructing summary graphs for query results that consist of individual and aggregate nodes that are somehow linked to qualifying result nodes. Some of the summary graphs are useful for presenting query results to the user, while others could be used to evaluate subsequent queries efficiently without considering all the nodes and links in the original data graph.
Triciribine Phosphate Monohydrate, an AKT Inhibitor, Enhances Gemcitabine Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. (2015)

These findings support the use of triciribine to overcome activated AKT-mediated resistance of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine.
Chromophore-Functionalized Glassy Polymers with Large Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Responses. Synthesis, Characterization, and Architecture-Processing-Response Characteristics of Poly(p-hydroxystyrenes) Functionalized with Chiral Chromophoric Side Chains (1995)

This paper reports a systematic study of the synthesis, characterization, and second-order nonlinear optical properties of a series of chromophore-functionalized glassy polymers prepared by covalently appending chiral N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(S)-prolinoxy ((S)-NPP) moieties to poly(p-hydroxystyrene) (PI-IS). Key issues are how macromolecule architecture, chromophore-chromophore interactions, and processing (including corona and contact electric field poling) modulate second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency as well as the temporal stability thereof As probed by optical spectroscopy, optical rotation, FT-IR, homochiral versus racemic NPP substituents, and the dependence of SHG response on the chromophore number density, the effects of chromophore-chromophore interactions are found to be relatively minor for 16-90% functionalization of the PHS backbone. The nonresonant second harmonic coefficient, d(33), for corona-poled films varies from 12.8 x 10(-9) to 79.0 x 10(-9) esu (lambda = 1.064 mu m) over this same functionalization range. The relationship of d(33) and the contact poling field is approximately linear with the poling field up to similar to 1.3 MV/cm, beyond which saturation of the response is observed. Increasing NPP functionalization levels are accompanied by declining SHG temporal stability, which approximately tracks polymer T-g values. SHG temporal stability subsequent to poling can be substantially enhanced by prepole film annealing which removes volatile, plasticizing contaminants (and/or minimizes free volume) and by simultaneous cross-linking with diexpoxide reagents; For example, simultaneous poling and crosslinking of(S)-NPP-PHS films with 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane effects a 3-fold enhancement in the long-term time constant for SHG decay at 25 degrees C. However, the influence of various diepoxides on film transparency and SHG temporal characteristics is a sensitive function of stoichiometry and diepoxide conformational mobility. An accompanying contribution explores quantitatively how poling methodology influences macromolecular dynamics and SHG temporal stability.
Behavioral Responses of Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia in Concentration Gradients of Snail-Conditioned Water (1979)

Thomas M. Roberts, Samuel Ward, Eli Chernin, Behavioral Responses of Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia in Concentration Gradients of Snail-Conditioned Water, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 65, No. 1 (Feb., 1979), pp. 41-49
Data Supplement from Redirected T-Cell Killing of Solid Cancers Targeted with an Anti-CD3/Trop-2–Bispecific Antibody Is Enhanced in Combination with Interferon-α (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S9. Induction of cytokine release by (19)-3s and 19-3 BiTE from PBMCs in the presence of Raji NHL cells. Results show the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 after 20-h treatment with titrations of bsAb.&lt;/p&gt;
Efficient Capacitive Deionization Using Thin Film Sodium Manganese Oxide (2018)

More energy efficient desalination methods are needed to address global water scarcity. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging electrochemical desalination technology that could outperform other desalination technologies if new electrode materials were developed with high salt sorption capacity and efficiency. In this paper, we report on the desalination performance of thin-film sodium manganese oxide (NMO). We deposit thin-film MnO via atomic layer deposition (ALD), and electrochemically convert the MnO to NMO in NaCl(aq). Charge storage capacity is tuned with NMO thickness, and the relationship between charge storage capacity and reversible salt sorption is probed. NMO coated electrodes exhibit increases in charge storage capacity up to 170 times higher than uncoated electrodes. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements reveal that thin-film NMO leads to the efficient electrochemical removal of Na+ ions. A hybrid CDI (HCDI) cell comprised of NMO-coated carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode and Ag nanoparticle-decorated CNT anode yields a ∼20-fold improvement in charge storage over bare CNT electrodes. The HCDI cell has an anomalously high reversible charging efficiency, which we study using ab initio modeling and EQCM. This is the first CDI report using thin film NMO, and the high desalination efficiency we identify promises to facilitate the development of HCDI devices with enhanced performance.
Sparse Three-parameter Restricted Indian Buffet Process for Understanding International Trade (2018)

This paper presents a Bayesian nonparametric latent feature model specially suitable for exploratory analysis of high-dimensional count data. We perform a non-negative doubly sparse matrix factorization that has two main advantages: not only we are able to better approximate the row input distributions, but the inferred topics are also easier to interpret. By combining the three-parameter and restricted Indian buffet processes into a single prior, we increase the model flexibility, allowing for a full spectrum of sparse solutions in the latent space. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach in the analysis of countries' economic structure. Compared to other approaches, empirical results show our model's ability to give easy-to-interpret information and better capture the underlying sparsity structure of data.
Pattern formation via symmetry breaking in nonlinear weakly correlated systems (2002)

We study pattern formation initiated by modulation instability in nonlinear partially coherent wave fronts and show that anisotropic noise and/or anisotropic correlation statistics can lead to ordered patterns.
Dense CMOS-Photonics Integration in sub-100nm Technology Node (2013)

A sub-100nm technology that allows the monolithic integration of optical devices as features into a 90nm base high-performance logic technology node is demonstrated. The technology is promising for next generation optical communications for applications.
3D Semicircular Flash Memory Cell: Novel Split-Gate Technology to Boost Bit Density (2019)

Three-dimensional (3D) semicircular split-gate flash memory cells have been successfully developed for the first time. Reduction of fringing field effects is essential to extract maximum performance from the split-gate cells, and careful design of Floating Gate (FG) cells achieves superior program slope and program/erase window at much smaller cell size relative to circular Charge Trap (CT) cells. It is projected that the semicircular split-gate FG cell is a promising candidate to realize more than four bits/cell (QLC) for significantly higher memory density at a lower number of stacking layers.
Reflective cholesteric displays: From rigid to flexible (2005)

Abstract— Bistable reflective cholesteric liquid‐crystal displays are low‐power displays that are suitable for a variety of applications ranging from signage to high‐resolution electronic books. Recent advancements have included higher brightness, full color, black and white from a single layer, and lighting solutions. Cholesteric displays also lend themselves to simple integration into flexible materials since they may be coated and printed. We have developed reflective cholesteric displays on thin flexible plastic substrates, as well as other unconventional substrates such as paper and drapable fabrics. This paper serves as a review for recent advances in the cholesteric‐display technology at Kent Displays.
Nano-Micro Scale Characterization of Dielectric Materials (2001)

Abstract Thin films of dielectric materials are used as insulating layers in microelectronic systems, including integrated circuits and printed circuit boards. Polymer and spin-on-glasses are widely used as coatings and interlevel dielectrics. The dielectric permitivity and loss are the electrical properties of most interest. However, characterization and optimization of the mechanical properties is essential to the successful implementation and usage of these insulators. In this presentation, thin-film structures for measuring direction-dependent properties (dielectric constant, elastic modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion), and nano-indentation results on spin-on-glass materials will be presented. Significant improvement in the fracture toughness of nanoporous methylsilsesquioxane glass films has been demonstrated upon introduction of porosity into the films.
Metal–organic conjugated microporous polymer containing a carbon dioxide reduction electrocatalyst (2019)

A metal–organic conjugated micorporous polymer (CMP) containing a manganese carbonyl electrocatalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction has been synthesised and electrochemically characterised.
Nationwide study of haemolytic uraemic syndrome: clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological features (2001)

Linking national surveillance with a specialised laboratory service allowed estimation of HUS incidence and provided information on its aetiology. In contrast to North America, Japan, and the British Isles, STEC O157:H7 is rare in Australia; however, non-O157:H7 STEC cause severe disease including outbreaks. Disease severity in outbreak cases may relate to yet unidentified virulence factors of the O111:H- strain isolated.
Model reference adaptive control and repetitive control for robot manipulators (2003)

A combination of adaptive and repetitive control for dynamic control of robot manipulators is introduced. The repetitive controller is a plug-in controller for connection to an existing model-reference adaptive controller. The input to the repetitive controller is the same as the adaptation error signal for the adaptive controller. In this scheme, desired trajectories and external disturbance are assumed to be periodic. Global stability for this control system is achieved and disturbance is rejected successfully. Based on the characteristics of the reference model, two types of control algorithm are presented: a unity-gain and a pure-integrator reference model. Discretized versions suitable for digital implementations, and sufficient conditions for their stability in the discrete time domain are presented. The performance of the adaptive and repetitive controller is demonstrated by simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling of nanoparticle-doped silica fibers (2022)

The first observation of cooling by anti-Stokes pumping in nanoparticle-doped silica fibers is reported. Four Yb-doped fibers fabricated using conventional modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) techniques were evaluated, namely, an aluminosilicate fiber and three fibers in which the Yb ions were encapsulated in CaF<sub>2</sub>, SrF<sub>2</sub>, or BaF<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. The nanoparticles, which oxidize during preform processing, provide a modified chemical environment for the Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions that is beneficial to cooling. When pumped at the near-optimum cooling wavelength of 1040 nm at atmospheric pressure, the fibers experienced a maximum measured temperature drop of 20.5 mK (aluminosilicate fiber), 26.2 mK (CaF<sub>2</sub> fiber), and 16.7 mK (SrF<sub>2</sub> fiber). The BaF<sub>2</sub> fiber did not cool but warmed slightly. The three fibers that cooled had a cooling efficiency comparable to that of the best previously reported Yb-doped silica fiber that cooled. Data analysis shows that this efficiency is explained by the fibers' high critical quenching concentration and low residual absorptive loss (linked to sub-ppm OH contamination). This study demonstrates the large untapped potential of nanoparticle doping in the current search for silicate compositions that produce optimum anti-Stokes cooling.
Determining Magnetic Field Close to Air-Bearing Surface by Projection Electron-Beam Tomography and Fourier Extrapolation (2010)

The magnetic field of a recording head is measured by projection electron-beam tomography with a resolution of about ten nanometers, and the magnetic field closer to the sample surface than the measurement plane is estimated by numerical calculation. The magnetic field at 20 nm calculated from the field measured at 50 nm adequately agrees with the directly measured field at 20 nm. The combination of projection electron-beam tomography and this calculation method make it possible to determine the magnetic field close to a head (air-bearing) surface.