gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Periprosthetic Fractures Associated With Press Fit Stems in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management (2012)

Introduction When using press-fit stems in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA), diaphyseal engagement optimizes stability. Attempts to maximize press fit may lead to periprosthetic fracture; however, the literature offers no guidance regarding the prevalence or management of this complication. The purpose of this study is to report the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of these fractures. Methods 634 Stemmed implants (307 femoral and 327 tibial) from 413 consecutive revision TKAs were reviewed. Immediate and 6 week post-operative radiographs were examined. Patient age, gender, stem length, diameter, and offset were evaluated as potential risk factors for fracture occurrence using a paired t-test for continuous and a chi-square analysis for categorical variables. Results 15 Periprosthetic fractures (2.4%) were identified including two femoral (0.65%) and 13 tibial (4.0%). 10 Fractures were non-displaced, 3 had cortical displacement 2mm. 1 Femur fracture was recognized and fixed intra-operatively with cables. 11 patients with non or minimally displaced fractures were allowed to bear weight as tolerated and 2 were protected for 2 weeks. 1 Displaced fracture was braced for 3 months, while the other was casted for concomitant extensor allograft reconstruction. All fractures showed radiographic evidence of healing and all patients were able to painlessly bear weight within 6 months. There was no evidence of implant migration at a mean of 15 months (range 3-47 months). 1 Patient developed recurrent infection at 10 months; no other complications were identified. With the sample size available for study, no significant differences in age ( p =0.09), implant parameters ( p =0.06-0.85) or gender ( p =0.37) were detected between the fracture and non-fracture groups. Conclusions Periprosthetic fractures occurred in approximately 2.4% of press-fit stems in revision TKA, more commonly in the tibia than femur. All fractures were managed non-operatively without complication or loss of prosthetic fixation.
Chemical imaging of cellular ultrastructure by null-deflection infrared spectroscopic measurements (2022)

Nearfield spectroscopic imaging techniques can be a powerful tool to map both cellular ultrastructure and molecular composition simultaneously but are currently limited in measurement capability. Resonance enhanced (RE) atomic force microscopy infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopic imaging offers high-sensitivity measurements, for example, but probe-sample mechanical coupling, nonmolecular optical gradient forces, and noise overwhelm recorded chemical signals. Here, we analyze the key factors limiting AFM-IR measurements and propose an instrument design that enables high-sensitivity nanoscale IR imaging by combining null-deflection measurements with RE sensitivity. Our developed null-deflection scanning probe IR (NDIR) spectroscopic imaging provides ∼24× improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with the state of the art, enables optimal signal recording by combining cantilever resonance with maximum laser power, and reduces background nonmolecular signals for improved analytical accuracy. We demonstrate the use of these properties for high-sensitivity, hyperspectral imaging of chemical domains in 100-nm-thick sections of cellular acini of a prototypical cancer model cell line, MCF-10A. NDIR chemical imaging enables facile recording of label-free, chemically accurate, high-SNR vibrational spectroscopic data from nanoscale domains, paving the path for routine studies of biomedical, forensic, and materials samples.
Paper # 100: Winner of the Patellofemoral Research Excellence Award The Geometry and Function of the Patellofemoral Joint (2011)

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the patellofemoral joint in 3 dimensions, looking at its geometry, motion and stability. This work aimed to establish a relationship between this joint and the tibio-femoral joint.
Eliminating anchor loss in optomechanical resonators using elastic wave interference (2014)

Optomechanical resonators suffer from the dissipation of mechanical energy through the necessary anchors enabling the suspension of the structure. Here, we show that such structural loss in an optomechanical oscillator can be almost completely eliminated through the destructive interference of elastic waves using dual-disk structures. We also present both analytical and numerical models that predict the observed interference of elastic waves. Our experimental data reveal unstressed silicon nitride (Si3N4) devices with mechanical Q-factors up to 104 at mechanical frequencies of f = 102 MHz (fQ = 1012) at room temperature.
Search for events with a pair of displaced vertices from long-lived neutral particles decaying into hadronic jets in the ATLAS muon spectrometer in pp collisions at s=13  TeV (2022)

A search for events with two displaced vertices from long-lived particle (LLP) pairs using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. This analysis uses $139\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ recorded in 2015--2018. The search employs techniques for reconstructing vertices of LLPs decaying to jets in the muon spectrometer displaced between 3 and 14 m with respect to the primary interaction vertex. The observed numbers of events are consistent with the expected background and limits for several benchmark signals are determined. For the Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV, the paper reports the first exclusion limits for branching fractions into neutral long-lived particles below 0.1%, while branching fractions above 10% are excluded at 95% confidence level for LLP proper lifetimes ranging from 4 cm to 72.4 m. In addition, the paper present the first results for the decay of LLPs into $t\overline{t}$ in the ATLAS muon spectrometer.
Generation of Gelatin Aerosol Particles from Nebulized Solutions as Model Drug Carrier Systems (2002)

A range of semisolid particle sizes were produced (1.3 < MMAD < 1.8 microns) for the 0.7% w/v gelatin formulation using different nebulizers. The budesonide formulation produced FPFs of 69-93%.
Satellite Communications (2016)

Most satellite communications systems are designed to operate with a line-of-sight between the transmitter and receiver. Multiple users access the resources of a satellite though multiple access protocols. Resource allocation, or channel multiplexing, may be done in a number of ways, but it generally follows four domains: frequency, time, space and code. This chapter discusses the frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA). Usage of geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites for international voice and TV broadcast service requires large capacity links and therefore high-gain antennas which can be directed to the satellite. Two classes of satellites including LEO satellites and MEO satellites relevant to telecommunications exist beside GEO. Since the altitude of these two classes of satellite systems is lower than for the GEO satellite, the path loss experienced by their signals is smaller and therefore smaller antennas can be used for achieving their link budget.
Weibull Tone Mapping for Underwater Imagery (2020)

Imagery is a preferred tool for environmental surveys within marine environments, particularly in deeper waters, as it is non-destructive compared to traditional sampling methods. However, underwater illumination effects limit its use by causing extremely varied and inconsistent image quality. Therefore, it is often necessary to pre-process images to improve visibility of image features and textures, and standardize their appearance. Tone mapping is a simple and effective technique to improve contrast and manipulate the brightness distributions of images. Ideally, such tone mapping would be automated, however we found that existing techniques are inferior when compared to custom manipulations by image annotators (biologists). Our own work begins with the observation that these user-defined tonal manipulations are quite variable, though on average, are fairly smooth, gentle waving operations. To predict user-defined tone maps we found it sufficed to approximate the brightness distributions of input and user adjusted images by Weibull distributions and then solve for the tone curve which matched these distributions from input to output. Experiments demonstrate that our Weibull Tone Mapping (WTM) method is strongly preferred over traditional automated tone mappers and weakly preferred over the users' own tonal adjustments.
Hardware Prototype of a Time-Encoding Sub-Nyquist ADC (2023)

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are key components of digital signal processing. Classical samplers in this framework are controlled by a global clock. At high sampling rates, clocks are expensive and power-hungry, thus increasing the cost and energy consumption of ADCs. It is, therefore, desirable to sample using a clock-less ADC at the lowest possible rate. An integrate-and-fire time-encoding machine (IF-TEM) is a time-based power-efficient asynchronous design that is not synced to a global clock. Finite-rate-of-innovation (FRI) signals, ubiquitous in various applications, have fewer degrees of freedom than the signal's Nyquist rate, enabling sub-Nyquist sampling signal models. This work proposes a power-efficient IF-TEM ADC architecture and demonstrates sub-Nyquist sampling and FRI signal recovery. Using an IF-TEM, we implement in hardware the first sub-Nyquist time-based sampler. We offer a feasible approach for accurately estimating the FRI parameters from IF-TEM data. The suggested hardware and reconstruction approach retrieves FRI parameters with an error of up to -25dB while operating at rates approximately 10 times lower than the Nyquist rate, paving the way to low-power ADC architectures.
Failure of Irrigation and Débridement for Early Postoperative Periprosthetic Infection (2012)

I&D for PPI is frequently used in the early postoperative period to control infection. While it is assumed early intervention will lead to control of infection in most cases, our data contradict this assumption.
Metabolic Diseases: Biological Mechanisms (2008)

Abstract Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), lipid disorders, and hypertension are chronic and disabling diseases that afflict hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. In this article, they are collectively referred to as “cardiometabolic diseases,” because they have “common ground:” They increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Considerable research has been performed to understand the etiology of cardiometabolic diseases and to translate this research into effective treatment paradigms. However, it has been challenging to understand the initiation and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. This difficulty is attributed to the complexities involved in metabolic regulation, a resultant “snowballing” effect, and a downward spiral as disease progresses. The first line of therapy for treating obesity, T2D, and/or dyslipidemia is lifestyle intervention, which can impact significantly on disease and decrease CV risk, but is usually not effective because of lack of patient compliance. Patients are then given a plethora of drugs to treat the individual risk factors. However, new therapies are critically needed, because most patients require multiple drugs, some drugs may treat one CVD risk factor and exacerbate another, and most patients do not meet treatment goals. A “magic bullet” that treats the underlying causes that contribute to cardiometabolic risk has been a longstanding goal but remains elusive. Ongoing research to uncover novel targets holds promise for future therapeutics that might treat multiple facets of cardiometabolic diseases. This introductory review focuses on the epidemiology and etiology of cardiometabolic diseases, current therapies, and future treatment strategies.
Synthesis of some 7‐α‐carboxyethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐(2H)‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones (1977)

Abstract 1,4‐Benzodiazepin‐2‐ones possessing an α‐carboxyethyl group in 7‐position (21‐25) were prepared from a key compound, 2‐amino‐5‐α‐carboxyethylbenzophenone (8) or from its O ‐benzyl derivative 14 , using methods developed previously. An optimized route to 8 starting from 2‐nitro‐5‐chlorobenzophenone ( 1 ), as well as some unsuccessful attempts are described. Compound 8 was deaminated into racemic α‐(3‐benzoyl)‐phenylpropionic acid ( 9 ), a well‐known antiinflammatory agent.
1000-km 7-core fiber transmission of 10 x 96-Gb/s PDM-16QAM using Raman amplification with 65 W per fiber (2012)

We demonstrate 7-core fiber transmission of 10 x 96-Gb/s PDM-16QAM signals over 1000-km using distributed Raman amplification (DRA). DRA gain of 9-12 dB and equivalent noise figure of less than 1 dB are achieved in all cores. We also prove the feasibility of high power multi-core fiber transmission with per fiber power of 6.5 W.
Assignment of metalloporphyrin and chlorophyll nuclear magnetic resonance spectra via spin-lattice relaxation times (1976)

I. S. Denniss, J. K. M. Sanders and J. C. Waterton, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1976, 1049 DOI: 10.1039/C39760001049
ATLAS Run 1 searches for direct pair production of third-generation squarks at the Large Hadron Collider (2015)

This paper reviews and extends searches for the direct pair production of the scalar supersymmetric partners of the top and bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions collected by the ATLAS collaboration during the LHC Run 1. Most of the analyses use 20 [Formula: see text] of collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] TeV, although in some case an additional [Formula: see text] of collision data at [Formula: see text] TeV are used. New analyses are introduced to improve the sensitivity to specific regions of the model parameter space. Since no evidence of third-generation squarks is found, exclusion limits are derived by combining several analyses and are presented in both a simplified model framework, assuming simple decay chains, as well as within the context of more elaborate phenomenological supersymmetric models.
Band Alignment Engineering at Cu2O/ZnO Heterointerfaces (2016)

Energy band alignments at heterointerfaces play a crucial role in defining the functionality of semiconductor devices, yet the search for material combinations with suitable band alignments remains a challenge for numerous applications. In this work, we demonstrate how changes in deposition conditions can dramatically influence the functional properties of an interface, even within the same material system. The energy band alignment at the heterointerface between Cu2O and ZnO was studied using photoelectron spectroscopy with stepwise deposition of ZnO onto Cu2O and vice versa. A large variation of energy band alignment depending on the deposition conditions of the substrate and the film is observed, with valence band offsets in the range ΔEVB = 1.45-2.7 eV. The variation of band alignment is accompanied by the occurrence or absence of band bending in either material. It can therefore be ascribed to a pinning of the Fermi level in ZnO and Cu2O, which can be traced back to oxygen vacancies in ZnO and to metallic precipitates in Cu2O. The intrinsic valence band offset for the interface, which is not modified by Fermi level pinning, is derived as ΔEVB ≈ 1.5 eV, being favorable for solar cell applications.
Simultaneous Segmentation and Anatomical Labeling of the Cerebral Vasculature (2014)

We present a novel algorithm for the simultaneous segmentation and anatomical labeling of the cerebral vasculature. The method first constructs an over-complete graph capturing the vasculature. It then selects and labels the subset of edges that most likely represents the true vasculature. Unlike existing approaches that first attempt to obtain a good segmentation and then perform labeling, we jointly optimize for both by simultaneously taking into account the image evidence and the prior knowledge about the geometry and connectivity of the vasculature. This results in an Integer Program (IP), which we solve optimally using a branch-and-cut algorithm. We evaluate our approach on a public dataset of 50 cerebral MRA images, and demonstrate that it compares favorably against state-of-the-art methods.
Transition α – β type quartz dans les solutions solides Al(1–x)GaxPO4 et Al(PO4)(1–y)(AsO4)y (1991)

La transition α – β type quartz dans des solutions solides de AlP04 est étudiée par des analyses thermique et calorimétrique différentielles. Deux solutions solides ont été envisagées :
Data Analysis for Network Cyber-Security (2013)

There is increasing pressure to protect computer networks against unauthorized intrusion, and some work in this area is concerned with engineering systems that are robust to attack. However, no system can be made invulnerable. Data Analysis for Network Cyber-Security focuses on monitoring and analyzing network traffic data, with the intention of preventing, or quickly identifying, malicious activity. Such work involves the intersection of statistics, data mining and computer science. Fundamentally, network traffic is relational, embodying a link between devices. As such, graph analysis approaches are a natural candidate. However, such methods do not scale well to the demands of real problems, and the critical aspect of the timing of communications events is not accounted for in these approaches. This book gathers papers from leading researchers to provide both background to the problems and a description of cutting-edge methodology. The contributors are from diverse institutions and areas of expertise and were brought together at a workshop held at the University of Bristol in March 2013 to address the issues of network cyber security. The workshop was supported by the Heilbronn Institute for Mathematical Research.Readership: Researchers and graduate students in the fields of network traffic data analysis and network cyber security.
Discovery of Potent and Orally Bioavailable Dihydropyrazole GPR40 Agonists (2018)

G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) has become an attractive target for the treatment of diabetes since it was shown clinically to promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Herein, we report our efforts to develop highly selective and potent GPR40 agonists with a dual mechanism of action, promoting both glucose-dependent insulin and incretin secretion. Employing strategies to increase polarity and the ratio of sp<sup>3</sup>/sp<sup>2</sup> character of the chemotype, we identified BMS-986118 (compound 4), which showed potent and selective GPR40 agonist activity in vitro. In vivo, compound 4 demonstrated insulinotropic efficacy and GLP-1 secretory effects resulting in improved glucose control in acute animal models.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl Trifluoroacetate: A Powerful Reagent for Differentiating Amino Groups. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The contribution of reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase to myofilament oxidation and progression of heart failure in rabbits (2010)

Thus, p38 MAP kinase activation appears to be upstream rather than downstream of ROS, which impacts on LV function through myofibrillar oxidation. p38 MAP kinase inhibition is a potential target to prevent or treat HF.
Toxicology knowledge graph for structural birth defects (2023)

ReproTox-KG provides a resource for exploring knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of birth defects with the potential of predicting the likelihood of genes and preclinical small molecules to induce birth defects.
Antiobesity Effect of a Melanin-Concentrating Hormone 1 Receptor Antagonist in Diet-Induced Obese Mice (2005)

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic orexigenic peptide expressed in the lateral hypothalamus, which plays an important role in regulating energy balance. To elucidate the physiological role of MCH in obesity development, the present study examined the effect of a selective MCH1 receptor (MCH1R) antagonist in the diet-induced obesity mouse model. The MCH1R antagonist has high affinity and selectivity for MCH-1R and potently inhibits intracerebroventricularly injected MCH-induced food intake in Sprague Dawley rats. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of the MCH1R antagonist (7.5 microg/d) completely suppressed body weight gain in diet-induced obese mice during the treatment periods and significantly decreased cumulative food intake, by 14%. Carcass analysis showed that the MCH1R antagonist resulted in a selective decrease of body fat in the diet-induced obese mice. In addition, the MCH1R antagonist ameliorated the obesity-related hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperleptinemia. These results indicate that MCH has a major role in the development of diet-induced obesity in mice and that a MCH1R antagonist might be a useful candidate as an antiobesity agent.
Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Cancer-Associated Adipocytes Exhibit an Activated Phenotype and Contribute to Breast Cancer Invasion (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Cancer-Associated Adipocytes Exhibit an Activated Phenotype and Contribute to Breast Cancer Invasion
"I had super-powers when eBike riding" Towards Understanding the Design of Integrated Exertion (2018)

The intersection of the physically active human body and technology to support it is in the limelight in HCI. Prior work mostly supports exertion by offering sensed digital information about the exertion activity. We focus on supporting exertion during the activity through sensing and actuation, facilitating the exerting body and the bike to act on and react to each other in what we called 'integrated exertion'. We draw on our experiences of designing and studying "Ava, the eBike", an augmented eBike that draws from the exerting user's bodily posture to actuate. As a result, we offer four design themes for designers to analyze integrated exertion experiences: Interacting with Ava, Experiencing Ava, Reduced Body Control Over Ava and Ava's Technology. And also, seven practical tactics to support designers in exploring integrated exertion. Our work on integrated exertion contributes to engaging in new ways with the physically active human body.
Septicaemia and endomyocarditis caused by Aerococcus urinae. (1999)

Aerococcus urinae, an uncommon urinary tract pathogen, was recently shown to cause septicaemia and endocarditis in a few patients in Denmark and the Netherlands. In Austria this is the first report of a fatal course of endomyocarditis by Aerococcus urinae, associated with multiple septic infarcts.
IW-3718 Reduces Heartburn Severity in Patients With Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in a Randomized Trial (2020)

In a randomized trial of patients with refractory GERD, adding 1500 mg IW-3718 to label-dose PPIs significantly reduced heartburn symptoms compared with adding placebo. Regurgitation symptoms also decreased. IW-3718 was well tolerated. (ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT02637557).