gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Panoptes (2017)

Steerable surveillance cameras offer a unique opportunity to support multiple vision applications simultaneously. However, state-of-art camera systems do not support this as they are often limited to one application per camera. We believe that we should break the one-to-one binding between the steerable camera and the application. By doing this we can quickly move the camera to a new view needed to support a different vision application. When done well, the scheduling algorithm can support a larger number of applications over an existing network of surveillance cameras. With this in mind we developed Panoptes, a technique that virtualizes a camera view and presents a different fixed view to different applications. A scheduler uses camera controls to move the camera appropriately providing the expected view for each application in a timely manner, minimizing the impact on application performance. Experiments with a live camera setup demonstrate that Panoptes can support multiple applications, capturing up to 80% more events of interest in a wide scene, compared to a fixed view camera.
SU-FF-I-19: Scatter Correction for the On-Board Imager Using a Kernel Model (2007)

Purpose: To develop an efficient analytical scatter correction algorithm for the On-Board Imager (OBI) for both the center-detector and offset-detector geometries used for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The offset-detector geometry is used for larger transaxial field-of-views and is particularly challenging due to the asymmetric nature of the associated scatter profile and higher overall scatter-to-primary ratios. Methods and Materials: A scatter kernel model was implemented. The cone-beam was modeled as an array of pencil beams. For each of the pencil beams, a scatter point-spread function was determined based on measured attenuation values and prior simulations of a polychromatic x-ray beam directed through uniform material. The total scatter estimate was then derived from the cumulative response of each of the scatter point-spread functions. The model also included the responses of the detector and anti-scatter grid. To test the model, a pelvis phantom and a cylindrical water phantom were imaged on a table-top system with hardware and geometric parameters that matched the OBI in offset-detector configuration. The accuracies of the estimates were determined by comparisons with experimental scatter measurements. Results: Accuracies of the estimates were excellent away from the edges of the phantoms. Hounsfield Unit (HU) errors in the reconstructed images were reduced from over 20% pre-correction to <2% after correction in the bulk of the image. However, near the edges of the phantoms, scatter was underestimated which resulted in residual HU errors that were on the order of 10%. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the potential for successful implementation of a computationally efficient scatter-kernel model for the OBI. Work is underway to improve scatter estimates for rays near the edges of objects. Conflict of Interest: Employees of Varian Medical Systems.
A holistic method for optimal design of HVDC grid protection (2021)

Protection system design for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) grids using DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) is not straightforward. Both hardware parameters, such as line inductors and DCCBs, as well as software parameters, such as protection threshold settings and protection margins, have to be taken into account and interact. Previous studies focused on the impact of specific parameters (e.g., line inductors) while other parameters (e.g., maximum DCCB currents) were checked manually for compliance with constraints. This paper presents a new holistic method for HVDC grid protection design. The approach is no longer exclusively based on parameter sweeps but solves HVDC grid protection as a classic optimization problem with an optimization goal and constraints. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations are embedded into the optimization tool such that the system dynamic response is taken into account. Results for two example test cases and two example optimization goals are provided. For instance, the method can achieve a reduced sum of line inductors compared to an initial guess. The proposed method is useful to find a more optimally designed HVDC protection system, and practical because it makes sure that the constraints (e.g., maximum DCCB current, no converter blocking and large protection margins) are fulfilled.
Mid-infrared opto-nanofluidics for on-chip chemical sensing (2014)

A mid-infrared (mid-IR) label-free chemical sensor was developed using opto-nanofluidics consisting of a Si-liquid-Si slot-structure. A broadband mid-IR lightwave can be strongly confined within a nanofluidic capillary by utilizing the large refractive index contrast (Δn ∼ 2) between the liquid core waveguide and the Si cladding. Through an optical-field enhancement together with a direct interaction between the probe light and the analyte, the sensitivity for chemical detection is increased by 50 times when compared to evanescent-wave sensing. This spectral characterization distinguished several common organic liquids (e.g., n-bromohexane, toluene, isopropanol) accurately, and could determine the ratio of chemical species (e.g., acetonitrile and ethanol) at low concentration (< 5 µL/mL) in a mixture through spectral scanning over their characteristic mid-IR absorption peaks. The combination of CMOS-compatible planar mid-IR microphotonics, and a high-throughput nanofluidic sensor system, provides a unique platform for chemical detection.
The ATDC (TRIM29) Protein Binds p53 and Antagonizes p53-Mediated Functions (2010)

The ataxia telangiectasia group D-complementing (ATDC) gene product, also known as TRIM29, is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family. ATDC has been proposed to form homo- or heterodimers and to bind nucleic acids. In cell cultures, ATDC expression leads to rapid growth and resistance to ionizing radiation (IR), whereas silencing of ATDC expression decreases growth rates and increases sensitivity to IR. Although ATDC is overexpressed in many human cancers, the biological significance of ATDC overexpression remains obscure. We report here that ATDC increases cell proliferation via inhibition of p53 nuclear activities. ATDC represses the expression of p53-regulated genes, including p21 and NOXA. Mechanistically, ATDC binds p53, and this interaction is potentially fine-tuned by posttranslational acetylation of lysine 116 on ATDC. The association of p53 and ATDC results in p53 sequestration outside of the nucleus. Together, these results provide novel mechanistic insights into the function of ATDC and offer an explanation for how ATDC promotes cancer cell proliferation.
Narrow band imaging in gynecology: A new diagnostic approach with improved visual identification (Review) (2011)

Narrow band imaging (NBI) is a new endoscopic technique in which images of mucosal microstructures and capillary structures are enhanced by shifting the light spectrum to a narrow band. Image-enhanced gastrointestinal endoscopy using NBI has improved the qualitative diagnosis of the grade and depth of invasion of an atypical lesion. NBI is currently not commonly used in gynecological endoscopy, but has recently been applied in laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. The utility of NBI for diagnosis of endometrial lesions and endometriosis has also been shown. In gynecological endoscopy, NBI provides enhanced images of mucosal microstructures and capillary structures and improves visual identification of lesions. Therefore, image-enhanced observation using NBI is likely to be useful for improved detection of lesions in endoscopic diagnosis. However, this technique remains experimental so far, and no study has demonstrated improved clinical outcome using this technique. In this review, we discuss the utility and potential applications of NBI in clinical practice in gynecology.
Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties, and Theoretical Studies of CeMxOS (M = Cu, Ag; x ≈ 0.8) and CeAgOS (2006)

Black single crystals of the two nonstoichiometric cerium coinage-metal oxysulfide compounds CeCu(x)OS and CeAg(x)OS (x approximately 0.8) have been prepared by the reactions of Ce2S3 and CuO or Ag2O at 1223 or 1173 K, respectively. A black powder sample of CeAgOS has been prepared by the stoichiometric reaction of Ce2S3, CeO2, Ag2S, and Ag at 1073 K. These isostructural materials crystallize in the ZrSiCuAs structure type with two formula units in the tetragonal space group P4/nmm. Refined crystal structure results and chemical analyses provide evidence that the previously known anomalously small unit-cell volume of LnCuOS for Ln = Ce (Ln = rare-earth metal) is the result of Cu vacancies and the concomitant presence of both Ce3+ and Ce4+. Both CeCu(0.8)OS and CeAgOS are paramagnetic with mu(eff) values of 2.13(6) and 2.10(1) mu(B), respectively. CeCu(0.8)OS is a p-type semiconductor with a thermal activation energy Ea = 0.22 eV, sigma(electrical) = 9.8(1) 10(-3) S/cm at 298 K, and an optical band gap Eg < 0.73 eV. CeAgOS has conductivity sigma(conductivity) = 0.16(4) S/cm and an optical band gap Eg = 0.71 eV at 298 K. Theoretical calculations with an on-site Coulomb repulsion parameter indicate that the Ce 4f states are fully spin-polarized and are not localized in CeCuOS, CeCu(0.75)OS, or CeAgOS. Calculated band gaps for CeCu(0.75)OS and CeAgOS are 0.6 and 0.8 eV, respectively.
Dielectric properties and resistance to corona and ozone of epoxy compositions filled with micro- and nano-fillers (2009)

This paper describes activities aiming to evaluate and compare the resistance to a prolonged corona and ozone exposure for a range of epoxy based compositions filled with micro- and nano-fillers of silica at different proportions. It has been earlier shown for this system that substitution of 5 wt% of micro-filler by nano-filler slightly improved mechanical properties, yielding an increase in Young's modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break. At the same time, the toughness of the systems decreased with the addition of nano-fillers indicating a poor particle-matrix interaction, which was in accordance with the prior art claiming that this interaction is weaker in case of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nano-particles, as for example compared to Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> nano-particles. For the exposure to corona and ozone a methodology employing a multiple-needle electrode system was used, as recommended by CIGRE working group WG D1.14. Measurements of surface resistivity, bulk resistivity as well as dielectric response (DR) at broad frequency range (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> Hz) were performed on new samples of the investigated compositions and after each of two sequences of the corona-ozone treatment, lasting 100 hours each. It was found that the long-term corona-ozone exposure had obvious effect on surface resistivity for all the compositions investigated and the contents of the micro- and nano-fillers played a significant role in the observed changes. On the other hand, bulk resisitivity, dielectric permittivity as well as dissipation factor, all being the properties of material bulk, did not exhibit high sensitivity to the exposure.
Spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions in the cervical spinal cord (2019)

Spinal cord lesions detected on MRI hold important diagnostic and prognostic value for multiple sclerosis. Previous attempts to correlate lesion burden with clinical status have had limited success, however, suggesting that lesion location may be a contributor. Our aim was to explore the spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions in the cervical spinal cord, with respect to clinical status. We included 642 suspected or confirmed multiple sclerosis patients (31 clinically isolated syndrome, and 416 relapsing-remitting, 84 secondary progressive, and 73 primary progressive multiple sclerosis) from 13 clinical sites. Cervical spine lesions were manually delineated on T2- and T2*-weighted axial and sagittal MRI scans acquired at 3 or 7 T. With an automatic publicly-available analysis pipeline we produced voxelwise lesion frequency maps to identify predilection sites in various patient groups characterized by clinical subtype, Expanded Disability Status Scale score and disease duration. We also measured absolute and normalized lesion volumes in several regions of interest using an atlas-based approach, and evaluated differences within and between groups. The lateral funiculi were more frequently affected by lesions in progressive subtypes than in relapsing in voxelwise analysis (P < 0.001), which was further confirmed by absolute and normalized lesion volumes (P < 0.01). The central cord area was more often affected by lesions in primary progressive than relapse-remitting patients (P < 0.001). Between white and grey matter, the absolute lesion volume in the white matter was greater than in the grey matter in all phenotypes (P < 0.001); however when normalizing by each region, normalized lesion volumes were comparable between white and grey matter in primary progressive patients. Lesions appearing in the lateral funiculi and central cord area were significantly correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale score (P < 0.001). High lesion frequencies were observed in patients with a more aggressive disease course, rather than long disease duration. Lesions located in the lateral funiculi and central cord area of the cervical spine may influence clinical status in multiple sclerosis. This work shows the added value of cervical spine lesions, and provides an avenue for evaluating the distribution of spinal cord lesions in various patient groups.
C-FLIP Promotes the Motility of Cancer Cells by Activating FAK and ERK, and Increasing MMP-9 Expression (2008)

We examined the role of c-FLIP in the motility of HeLa cells. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against c-FLIP inhibited the adhesion and motility of the cells without affecting their growth rate. The long form of c-FLIP (c-FLIPL), but not the short form (c-FLIPS), enhanced adhesion and motility. Downregulation of c-FLIPL with siRNA decreased phosphorylation of FAK and ERK, while overexpression of c-FLIPL increased their phosphorylation. Overexpression of FAK activated ERK, and enhanced the motility of HeLa cells. FRNK, an inhibitory fragment of FAK, inhibited ERK and decreased motility. Inhibition of ERK also significantly suppressed c-FLIPL-promoted motility. Inhibition of ROCK by Y27632 suppressed the c-FLIPL-promoted motility by reducing phosphorylation of FAK and ERK. Overexpression of c-FLIPL increased the expression and secretion of MMP-9, and inhibition of MMP-9 by Ilomastat reduced c-FLIPL- promoted cell motility. A caspase-like domain (amino acids 222-376) was found to be necessary for the c-FLIPL-promoted cell motility. We conclude that c-FLIPL promotes the motility of HeLa cells by activating FAK and ERK, and increasing MMP-9 expression.
Dynamics of quantum dot photonic crystal lasers (2007)

Quantum dot photonic crystal membrane lasers were fabricated and the large-signal modulation characteristics were studied. The authors find that the modulation characteristics of quantum dot lasers can be significantly improved using cavities with large spontaneous emission coupling factor. Their experiments show, and simulations confirm, that the modulation rate is limited by the rate of carrier capture into the dots to around 30GHz in their present system.
George Hickes and the 'Invention' of the Old English Dialects (2010)

The essay identifies George Hickes’s Thesaurus Linguarum Septentrionalium (1703–05) as the first attempt to describe the records of Old English as varied by dialect and examines several forms of linguistic and cultural idea-making in the seventeenth century that found expression in Hickes’s reading of Old English manuscripts. Like some later attempts to invest indeterminate Old English texts with meanings for ‘dialect’ from the present, Hickes’s founding work on Old English dialects articulates a pervasive cultural anxiety in the seventeenth century that the mixture of languages was ‘barbarous’ and that the inharmonious result of mixture, for which English speakers borrowed and adapted the very term ‘dialect’, represented a fundamental incompatibility with a providential design that ordained a linguistic separatism of nations. Although the study of Old English dialects would become an intensely empirical exercise in time, its founding in Hickes’s work represents a concept that was invented by him to accommodate the variation in the records of Old English to ideologies of history and language found in much of the lexicographical and polemical commentary of early modern England.
Improved functional vision with a modified prolate intraocular lens (2004)

Results show the Tecnis IOL with a modified prolate anterior surface may produce better contrast sensitivity than a standard spherical IOL under mesopic and photopic conditions. Because contrast sensitivity testing correlates well with functional vision, a goal of future research should be to evaluate patient performance using functional tests such as driving simulation.
Processor architecture (2006)

CPUs and GPUs have evolved considerably in the past few years, and the pace of change and evolution in processor architecture is likely to increase. Constraints of excess heat dissipation and power consumption have forced a radical rethinking of microprocessor architecture, from the headlong pursuit of GHz clock rates to multicore and multithreaded approaches. The demands of graphics vertex and pixel processing as well as more general non-graphics applications have driven GPUs to be powerful data-parallel floating point processing engines. Research and development in programming languages and environments has not kept pace with the changes in processors. Consequently, computer science and computer engineering research and education is not addressing important problems, or preparing students well for today's computer industr.This talk will provide some historical and architectural perspective on data-parallel GPU architectures, and will attempt to make some trend predictions for the future of GPUs. We will then provide some examples of successes and failures in mapping parallel algorithms to these architectures. Finally, we will conclude with some calls to action in research and education, to improve the utilization of these ubiquitous and powerful parallel machines.
Blocking UBE2N abrogates oncogenic immune signaling in acute myeloid leukemia (2022)

Dysregulation of innate immune signaling pathways is implicated in various hematologic malignancies. However, these pathways have not been systematically examined in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We report that AML hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) exhibit a high frequency of dysregulated innate immune-related and inflammatory pathways, referred to as oncogenic immune signaling states. Through gene expression analyses and functional studies in human AML cell lines and patient-derived samples, we found that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2N is required for leukemic cell function in vitro and in vivo by maintaining oncogenic immune signaling states. It is known that the enzyme function of UBE2N can be inhibited by interfering with thioester formation between ubiquitin and the active site. We performed in silico structure-based and cellular-based screens and identified two related small-molecule inhibitors UC-764864/65 that targeted UBE2N at its active site. Using these small-molecule inhibitors as chemical probes, we further revealed the therapeutic efficacy of interfering with UBE2N function. This resulted in the blocking of ubiquitination of innate immune- and inflammatory-related substrates in human AML cell lines. Inhibition of UBE2N function disrupted oncogenic immune signaling by promoting cell death of leukemic HSPCs while sparing normal HSPCs in vitro. Moreover, baseline oncogenic immune signaling states in leukemic cells derived from discrete subsets of patients with AML exhibited a selective dependency on UBE2N function in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals that interfering with UBE2N abrogates leukemic HSPC function and underscores the dependency of AML cells on UBE2N-dependent oncogenic immune signaling states.
Synchronization in MB-OFDM-based UWB Systems (2007)

This paper presents a preamble-based low complexity synchronization method for MB-OFDM based UWB systems. The proposed synchronization method consists of sync detection, coarse timing estimation, fine timing estimation, and oscillator frequency offset estimation. The distinctive features of MB-OFDM systems and the interplay between the timing and carrier frequency hopping at the receiver are judiciously incorporated in the proposed synchronization method. We also derive the probability density functions (pdfs) of the delays of the UWB channel paths which are used in optimizing our synchronization method. These pdfs are also useful in evaluating or optimizing the energy capture of other UWB systems. The effectiveness of our proposed synchronization method and optimization criteria are confirmed by computer simulation results.
Spatial Distribution of PEO–PPO–PEO Block Copolymer and PEO Homopolymer in Lipid Bilayers (2020)

Maintaining the integrity of cell membranes is indispensable for cellular viability. Poloxamer 188 (P188), a poly(ethylene oxide)-<i>b</i>-poly(propylene oxide)-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer with a number-average molecular weight of 8700 g/mol and containing 80% by mass PEO, protects cell membranes from various external injuries and has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent in diverse applications. The membrane protection mechanism associated with P188 is intimately connected with how this block copolymer interacts with the lipid bilayer, the main component of a cell membrane. Here, we report the distribution of P188 in a model lipid bilayer comprising 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) using neutron reflectivity (NR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We also investigated the association of a PEO homopolymer (PEO8.4K; <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 8400 g/mol) that does not protect living cell membranes. These experiments were conducted following incubation of a 4.5 mmol/L polymer solution in a buffer that mimics physiological conditions with supported POPC bilayer membranes followed by washing with the aqueous medium. In contrast to previous reports, which dealt with P188 and PEO in salt-free solutions, both P188 and PEO8.4K penetrate into the inner portion of the lipid bilayer as revealed by NR, with approximately 30% by volume occupancy across the membrane without loss of bilayer structural integrity. These results indicate that PEO is the chemical moiety that principally drives P188 binding to bilayer membranes. No defects or phase-separated domains were observed in either P188- or PEO8.4K-incubated lipid bilayers when examined by AFM, indicating that polymer chains mingle homogeneously with lipid molecules in the bilayer. Remarkably, the breakthrough force required for penetration of the AFM tip through the bilayer membrane is unaffected by the presence of the large amount of P188 and PEO8.4K.