gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
141-OR: Discrepancy between Genetically-Predicted and Actual Body Mass Index Predicts Incident Diabetes Mellitus (2023)

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is a key predictor of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can predict BMI based on common variants, and genetically-predicted BMI (BMI-pred) could serve as a threshold for personal fat storage. We hypothesized that difference between BMI-pred and actual BMI (BMI-diff) could reflect severity of environmental factors affecting BMI and may predict incident T2D. Methods: From the UK Biobank cohort, we selected participants of white British descent without a history of T2D (n=383,160). The PRS for BMI was calculated using polygenic prediction via Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors (PRS-CS) with summary statistics from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits consortium GWAS. According to the BMI-diff, the 10-year risk of T2D was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model. Results were validated in an independent cohort from South Korea (n=8,840). Results: Participants (mean age 56.8 ± 8.0, male 45.3%) were randomly divided into train (n=268,041) and test set (n=115,119) to establish BMI-pred using PRS-CS. In the test set, the BMI-pred could explain 7.1% of the variance of BMI and T2D occurred in 3,599 (3.1%) cases during 10-year follow-up. The risk of T2D increased linearly according to the decrease of BMI-diff. Participants in the higher quintiles of BMI-diff (more obese than genetically-predicted), had significantly higher risk of T2D than those in the lowest quintile (less obese than genetically-predicted) regardless of their own BMI: adjusted HR (aHR) of 1st quintile 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-2.05, P &amp;lt;0.001; aHR of 2nd quintile 1.48, 95% CI 1.21-1.81, P &amp;lt;0.001. Results were consistent when validated in the South Korean cohort. Conclusion: Deviation of actual BMI from BMI-pred which reflects severity of environmental factors is a significant predictor of incident T2D. Disclosure T.Rhee: None. H.Lee: None. J.Choi: None. J.S.Lee: None. S.Kwak: None. K.Park: None.
Simulation and Experimental Study of Metal Organic Frameworks Used in Adsorption Cooling (2016)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently attracted enormous interest over the past few years in energy storage and gas separation, yet there have been few reports for adsorption cooling applications. Adsorption cooling technology is an established alternative to mechanical vapor compression refrigeration systems and is an excellent alternative in industrial environments where waste heat is available. We explored the use of MOFs that have very high mass loading and relatively low heats of adsorption, with certain combinations of refrigerants to demonstrate a new type of highly efficient adsorption chiller. Computational fluid dynamics combined with a system level lumped-parameter model have been used to project size and performance for chillers with a cooling capacity ranging from a few kW to several thousand kW. These systems rely on stacked micro/mini-scale architectures to enhance heat and mass transfer. Recent computational studies of an adsorption chiller based on MOFs suggests that a thermally-driven coefficient of performance greater than one may be possible, which would represent a fundamental breakthrough in performance of adsorption chiller technology. Presented herein are computational and experimental results for hydrophyilic and fluorophilic MOFs.
Digital Concrete: Opportunities and Challenges (2016)

Digital fabrication has been termed the “third industrial revolution” in recent years, and promises to revolutionize the construction industry with the potential of freeform architecture, less material waste, reduced construction costs, and increased worker safety. Digital fabrication techniques and cementitious materials have only intersected in a significant way within recent years. In this letter, we review the methods of digital fabrication with concrete, including 3D printing, under the encompassing term “digital concrete”, identifying major challenges for concrete technology within this field. We additionally provide an analysis of layered extrusion, the most popular digital fabrication technique in concrete technology, identifying the importance of hydration control in its implementation.
Unique Gene Expression Profile Associated with an Early-Onset Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN1)-Associated Pituitary Adenoma (2011)

We identified changes in the transcriptome that occur in pituitary GH- and PRL-producing cells after the loss of menin expression; some of the gene changes are necessary for tumor evolution, and others may be tertiary. Nevertheless, the rare overlap between the expression profiles of the MEN1 tumor vs. that of its sporadic counterpart suggests that these tumors evolve along different molecular pathways.
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Loss of RhoB Expression Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Bronchial Cells Via Activation of AKT1 (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Loss of RhoB Expression Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Bronchial Cells Via Activation of AKT1
Reaction of ω-Amino Alcohols with CO2Catalyzed by CeO2Nanoparticles (2010)

Ceria nanoparticles (np-CeO2, particle size 5 nm) catalyzed the reaction of ω-amino alcohols with carbon dioxide (7 bar) in ethanol at 160 ˚C to give the corresponding cyclic carba­mates in up to 68% yield (8 examples, eq. 1). In the reaction of N-methyl aminoethanol with carbon dioxide, the catalyst was recovered and reused three times without significant loss of activity.
Validation of a correction procedure for removing the optical effects from transmission spectra of thin films on substrates (2012)

Transmission spectra of thin films on double side polished substrates feature a quasi sinusoidal baseline superimposed onto the true absorption spectra of the thin film. The quasi sinusoidal baseline is due to strong interference from multiple reflections within the film and can directly affect the relative degree of the measured absorption in the film. In a previous article [S. W. King and M. Milosevic, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 073109 (2012)], we described a method for the removal of these optical effects from infrared transmission spectra. This method renormalizes the spectrum and removes modulations imprinted onto the absorption by interference fringes. Here, we use simulated spectra for a model material to explicitly validate that the proposed correction procedure accurately extracts the pure absorption coefficient of the thin film and is not an ad hoc baseline correction procedure.
Communication in macrochips using silicon photonics for high-performance and low-energy computing (2009)

In this paper microchip technology was explored. In order to scale chip-to-chip I/O to the required communication performance and energy, optical interconnects between chips based on CMOS-compatible silicon photonics was proposed. One key component is an inter-chip optical coupler supporting wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) functionality that enables face-to-face optical proximity communication (OPxC).The high-fidelity 10 Gb/s OPxC with reflecting mirrors micro-machined into silicon and co-integrated with low-loss SOI waveguides for packaged chip-to-chip communication was demonstrated. These devices were integrated through dry etching rib waveguides 8 mum wide that tapered to 13 mum wide and subsequently truncated with a wet-etched micro-mirror facet forming a 54deg angle with the (100) silicon surface. Light in waveguides on one chip can couple to waveguides on a second, facing chip upon face-to-face positioning so that the reflecting mirrors form a coupled pair and complete an OPxC hop. Inside a package, a chip-to-chip OPxC hop was measured to have optical coupling loss of 4dB; with precision aligned chips using a nano-positioning stage. When OPxC hops associated with the package are inserted into standard 10 Gbps links, it was shown that RMS jitter and amplitude metrics for data eye quality to be essentially unchanged (within 1%). This package-based self-alignment mechanism enables chip packages for many different classes of proximity communication. In this presentation, other critical components of chip-to-chip optical interconnects, including modulators and detectors, were also addressed.
Strain relaxation in transistor channels with embedded epitaxial silicon germanium source/drain (2008)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. P. Liu, K. Li, S. M. Pandey, F. L. Benistant, A. See, M. S. Zhou, L. C. Hsia, Ruud Schampers, Dmitri O. Klenov; Strain relaxation in transistor channels with embedded epitaxial silicon germanium source/drain. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 December 2008; 93 (22): 221912. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3040323 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Signal analysis by using adaptive filterbanks in cochlear implants (2006)

Current speech processing in cochlear implants use a filterbank to analyse audio signals into several frequency bands, each associated with one electrode. Because the processing is performed on input signal blocks of fixed sizes, the filterbank provides a unique time-frequency resolution to represent the various signal features. However, different components of audio signals may require different time-frequency resolutions for an accurate representation and perception. In this paper we investigate the influence on speech intelligibility in cochlear implants users when filterbanks with different time-frequency resolutions are used. In order to represent all signal features accurately, an adaptive filterbank has been developed that accepts input blocks of different sizes. The different resolutions required are achieved by adequately switching between block sizes depending on the input signal characteristics. The filterbank was incorporated into the commercial Advanced Combinational Encoder (ACE) and acutely tested on six cochlear implant recipients.
Table S1 from Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a Preexisting Drug-Resistant Subpopulation in the Luminal Breast Cancer Subtype (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. List of TaqMan probes used for the 95-primer set.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of half-occluded region on human recognition of a mirror (2020)

This paper addresses the differences between conventional optical mirrors and electrical mirrors consisting of a camera and a flat display panel. Recently, vehicle mirrors (side-view and rear-view mirrors) are gradually being replaced with electrical mirrors (i.e., display devices). The characteristics of electrical mirrors are different from those of conventional mirrors in many aspects. These differences can cause an uncomfortable feeling in drivers. In this paper, we focus on the half occlusion appearing in the peripheral areas of a display and investigate the effects of half-occluded regions on whether humans recognize a viewing device as a mirror. To evaluate this effect, we conducted experiments based on pairwise comparisons using a head-mounted display (HMD) to present virtual mirror objects having different characteristics in terms of half occlusion as well as binocular and motion parallaxes. Experimental results suggest that half occlusion is certainly related to the human recognition of a mirror. Furthermore, pseudo half-occlusions introduced by barriers in front of a 2D display can reinforce this recognition.
Wafer-level testing of inverse-designed and adjoint-inspired dual layer Si-SiN vertical grating couplers (2022)

Abstract Recently, silicon photonics foundries started providing access to new dielectric stacks which can be utilized to reduce optical I/O losses. For example, in a hybrid c-Si/SiN platform, inverse design techniques can be used to create novel dual layer grating coupler (GC) designs which, in simulations, reach state-of-the-art performance. In this paper, we experimentally validate such designs for perfectly vertical single-polarization GCs in the O-band consisting of a single-etch c-Si layer with a patterned SiN overlay, fabricated using a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>193</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> DUV immersion lithography process on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>300</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> wafers. Here, we investigate designs generated by two different design paradigms: inverse design based on the adjoint method and adjoint-inspired design. Using wafer-level testing, we experimentally demonstrate a record low median insertion loss (IL) of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>1.3</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (with interquartile range of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn> </mml:math> – <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) for perfectly vertical coupling in DUV lithography compatible devices which is a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> improvement over previously demonstrated single-layer, single-etch c-Si <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GCs.
Abstract 156: MicroRNA expression profiling of human esophageal metaplastic changes (2011)

Abstract For nearly the last two decades, the diagnosis of Barrett's mucosa (BM) strictly required histologically documented intestinal metaplasia (IM). More recently, a precancerous potential has been also associated to non-goblet columnar metaplasia (i.e. gastric metaplasia, [GM]). Molecular profiling can be applied to characterize the precancerous meaning of non-intestinal versus intestinal metaplastic transformation of the native squamous esophageal mucosa. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs controlling gene expression and they are reportedly dysregulated in Barrett's carcinogenesis. To investigate the role of miRNAs in the natural history of esophageal metaplasia, miRNA microarray analysis (OSU-CCC version 4.0; Ohio State University) was performed in a series of 30 matched biopsy samples (10 native squamous epithelium [N], 10 GM and 10 IM) from 10 long-segment BE-patients. Microarray findings were validated by qRT-PCR using another series of 20 consecutive BE-patients. miRNA profiling consistently disclosed different metaplasia-specific miRNA signatures for N versus GM, and N versus IM. Comparing the two signatures disclosed that they had 11 significantly dysregulated miRNAs in common, 8 of which were proportionally dysregulated in the sequence N-GM-IM (2 overexpressed [hsa-miR-192 and hsa-miR-215] and 6 underexpressed [hsa-miR-18a*; hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-106a, hsa-miR-203, hsa-miR-205 and hsa-miR-769-5p]). Specific miRNAs are involved in the natural history of BE. Molecular profiling of phenotypical lesions included in Barrett's carcinogenesis supports the hypothesis that squamous epithelium is converted initially into non-goblet columnar epithelium, before goblet cell metaplasia sets in. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 156. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-156
AlN metal–semiconductor field-effect transistors using Si-ion implantation (2018)

We report on the electrical characterization of Si-ion implanted AlN layers and the first demonstration of metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) with an ion-implanted AlN channel. The ion-implanted AlN layers with Si dose of 5 × 1014 cm-2 exhibit n-type characteristics after thermal annealing at 1230°C. The ion-implanted AlN MESFETs provide good drain current saturation and stable pinch-off operation even at 250°C. The off-state breakdown voltage is 2370V for drain-to-gate spacing of 25μm. These results show the great potential of AlN-channel transistors for high-temperature and high-power applications.
An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide-based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships (2015)

Nonnative organisms in the ballast water of freshwater ships must be killed to prevent the spread of invasive species. The ideal ballast water treatment system (BWTS) would kill 100% of ballast water organisms with minimal residual toxicity to organisms in receiving waters. In the present study, the residual toxicity and chemistry of a BWTS was evaluated. Sodium hydroxide was added to elevate pH to >11.5 to kill ballast water organisms, then reduced to pH <9 by sparging with wet-scrubbed diesel exhaust (the source of CO2 ). Cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia), amphipods (Hyalella azteca), and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 2 d to BWTS water under an air atmosphere (pH drifted to ≥9) or a 2.5% CO2 atmosphere (pH 7.5-8.2), then transferred to control water for 5 d to assess potential delayed toxicity. Chemical concentrations in the BWTS water met vessel discharge guidelines with the exception of concentrations of copper. There was little to no residual toxicity to cladocerans or fish, but the BWTS water was toxic to amphipods. Maintaining a neutral pH and diluting BWTS water by 50% eliminated toxicity to the amphipods. The toxicity of BWTS water would likely be minimal because of rapid dilution in the receiving water, with subsurface release likely preventing pH rise. This BWTS has the potential to become a viable method for treating ballast water released into freshwater systems.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Methods and Solutions for High-Speed Reacting Flows (2009)

Possibly few propulsion systems can benefit more from the development and application of predictive tools than the scramjet engine does, and possibly few flows can be more challenging to model and simulate. It is encouraging therefore that, among the technology topics that are important for the scramjet engine development, the predictive capabilities of computational fluid dynamics have made some of the greatest advances over the past decade. Flow-field simulation, heat transfer, fluid–wall interaction treatment, incorporation of detailed chemical kinetics models, more efficient models and numerical schemes, computations, and algorithms have all evolved considerably and took advantage of the ever-increasing hardware capacity and speed.
Effect of Salt Composition on Clay Release in Berea Sandstones (1987)

Summary The effect of salt composition of fluid injected into clay-bearing Berea sandstones on the water-sensitivity phenomenon has been studied. Experiments were carried out with solutions of sodium and/or calcium ions, which are the ions commonly found in the formation. Freshwater flooding of sandstones previously exposed to sodium salt solutions results in the release of clay particles and a drastic reduction in permeability. The permeability reduction is lessened, however, when calcium ions are also present in the salt solution. Formation damage is virtually eliminated when the solution composition is adjusted to give calcium surface coverages greater than a critical value of 75 %. The effect of the fluid composition on the damage process is explained by the double-layer interactions between the surface of the clay particles and the pore walls.
Macrophages from Rosa26-Integrated Cas9-Expressing C57BL/6J Mice Have a Putative TRIF-Mediated Defect in the TLR-3/4 Signaling (2021)

In this study, we report that the TLR4 ligand, LPS, and TLR3 ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid failed to activate IRF3 or STAT1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) isolated from two independently generated lines of Rosa26-integrated Cas9-expressing C57BL/6J (B6) mice. RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that hundreds to thousands of genes including IFN-stimulated genes were differentially expressed in BMMs from these Cas9 strains compared with B6 upon LPS stimulation. Furthermore, the NF-κB signaling axis and TRIF-mediated necroptosis were also strongly reduced in response to LPS and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. In contrast, there were no defects in the responses of BMMs to ligands of the RIG-I, STING, TLR2, TLR9, and IFN receptors. Defects in TLR3 and TLR4 signaling were observed in mice with the B6 but not 129 background, and when Cas9 was integrated at the Rosa26 but not H11 locus. However, integration at the Rosa26 site, CAG promoter-driven Cas9 or eGFP were not individually sufficient to cause the defect. Taken together, the results of this study suggest a putative TRIF-mediated defect in TLR-3/4 signaling in BMMs from commercially available and widely used B6-Cas9-expressing mice.
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcogenide Distribution in Microporous Layered Tin(IV) Thioselenide, TMA2Sn3SxSe7‐x, Materials. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficacy of intramuscular DB829 against second stage <i>T. b. rhodesiense</i> infection in vervet monkeys. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Key: DPI, days post-infection; P, parasitaemia; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EoT, end of treatment; LDD, last drug dose; F, female; M, male; Neg, Negative; WD (91), withdrawn 91 days post-LDD; a, median (range); b, mean ± standard error of mean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Efficacy of intramuscular DB829 against second stage &lt;i&gt;T. b. rhodesiense&lt;/i&gt; infection in vervet monkeys.&lt;/p&gt;