gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total hip replacement. (1974)

Objective. —To provide physicians with a current consensus on total hip replacement. Participants. —A nonfederal, nonadvocate, 13-member consensus panel representing the fields of orthopedic surgery, rehabilitation and physical medicine, biomechanics and biomaterials, internal medicine, public health, geriatrics, biostatistics, and a public representative. In addition, 27 experts in orthopedic surgery, rehabilitation and physical medicine, biomechanics and biomaterials, rheumatology, geriatrics, and epidemiology presented data to the consensus panel and a conference audience of 425. Evidence. —The literature was searched through MEDLINE and an extensive bibliography of references was provided to the panel and the conference audience. Experts prepared abstracts with relevant citations from the literature. Scientific evidence was given precedence over clinical anecdotal experience. Consensus. —The panel, answering predefined consensus questions, developed their conclusions based on the scientific evidence presented in open forum and the scientific literature. Consensus Statement. —The panel composed a draft statement that was read in its entirety and circulated to the experts and the audience for comment. Thereafter, the panel resolved conflicting recommendations and released a revised statement at the end of the conference. The panel finalized the revisions within a few weeks after the conference. Conclusions. —Total hip replacement is an option for nearly all patients with diseases of the hip that cause chronic discomfort and significant functional impairment. Most patients have an excellent prognosis for long-term improvement in symptoms and physical function. At this time, a cemented femoral component using modern cementing techniques, paired with a porous-coated acetabular component, can give excellent long-term results. Revision of a total hip replacement is indicated when mechanical failure occurs. Continued periodic follow-up is necessary to identify early evidence of impending failure so as to permit remedial action before a catastrophic event. (JAMA. 1995;273:1950-1956)
Bolocam: status and observations (2004)

Bolocam is a millimetre-wave (1.1 and 2.1 mm) camera with an array of 119 bolometers. It has been commissioned at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory in Hawaii and is now in routine operation. Here we give an overview of the instrument and the data reduction pipeline. We discuss models of the sensitivity of Bolocam in different observing modes and under different atmospheric conditions. We briefly discuss observations of star-forming Galactic molecular clouds, a blank field survey for sub-millimeter galaxies, preliminary results of a blank-field CMB secondary anisotropy survey and discuss observations of galaxy clusters using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect.
A novel paralogous gene family involved in phase-variable flagella-mediated motility in Campylobacter jejuni (2002)

Flagella-mediated motility is recognized to be one of the major factors contributing to virulence in Campylobacter jejuni. Motility of this bacterium is known to be phase variable, although the mechanism of such variation remains unknown. C. jejuni genome sequencing revealed a number of genes prone to phase variation via a slipped-strand mispairing mechanism. Many of these genes are hypothetical and are clustered in the regions involved in formation of three major cell surface structures: capsular polysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide and flagella. Among the genes of unknown function, the flagellar biosynthesis and modification region contains seven hypothetical paralogous genes designated as the motility accessory factor (maf) family. Remarkably, two of these genes (maf1 and maf4) were found to be identical and both contain homopolymeric G tracts. Using insertional mutagenesis it was demonstrated that one of the genes, maf5, is involved in formation of flagella. Phase variation of the maf1 gene via slipped-strand mispairing partially restored motility of the maf5 mutant. The maf family represents a new class of bacterial genes related to flagellar biosynthesis and phase variation. Reversible expression of flagella may be advantageous for the adaptation of C. jejunito the varied in vivo and ex vivo environments encountered during its life cycle, as well in evasion of the host immune response.
Theory of Diffusion-Controlled Reactions in Polymers under Flow (1996)

We extend the theoretical framework of de Gennes for treating diffusion-controlled reactions in complex fluid systems to situations in which a steady, linear flow is externally imposed. Consideration is restricted to systems that are dilute in reactive sites and for which the reaction occurs instantaneously and irreversibly when a pair of sites are brought in close contact. Illustrative calculations are presented for the long-time intermolecular trapping rate constant in polymer melts where a small fraction of chains have a single terminally attached reactive group. Both shear and extensional flows are considered, as well as Rouse and reptation models of chain dynamics. Extensions of the analysis may have applications in modeling free radical termination processes and reactive blending.
Trimming laser-written waveguides through overwriting (2020)

Femtosecond laser direct writing is widely used to create waveguide circuits for optical processing in applications including communications, astrophotonics, simulation and quantum information processing. The properties of these waveguide circuits can be sensitive to the fabrication conditions, meaning that noticeable variability can be present in nominally identical manufactured components. One potential solution to this problem is the use of device trimming, whereby additional laser fabrication is applied to optimise the optical properties of a device based upon measurement feedback. We show how this approach can be used in the manufacture of directional couplers by overwriting the laser-written structure to alter the coupling ratios.
VLSI Video - Image Signal Processing (1993)

Introduction T. Nishitani, P.H. Ang, F. Catthoor. VLSI in Picture Coding T. Ishiguro. Single-Chip Image Sensors with a Digital Processor Array R. Forchheimer, Keping Chen, C. Svensson, A. Odmark. An Image Processing System using Signal Multiprocessors (ISMPs) H. Nakahira, M. Maruyama, H. Ueda, H. Yamada. A Video-Rate JPEG Chip Set P.A. Ruetz, Po Tong, D. Luthi, P.H. Ang. DCT/IDCT Processor for HDTV developed with DSP Silicon Compiler T. Miyazaki, T. Nishitani, M. Edahiro, I. Onon, K. Mitsuhashi. A VLSI Based MIMD Architecture of a Multiprocessor System for Real-Time Video Processing Applications K. Gaedke, H. Jeschke, P. Pirsch. Design of a Processing Board for a Programmable Multi-VSP System M. Engels, R. Lauwereins, J.A. Peperstraete, A. van Roermund. A VLSI Neuroprocessor for Image Restoration using Analog Computing-Based Systolic Architecture Ji-Chen Lee, B.J. Sheu, R. Chellappa. Architectural Strategies for High-Throughput Applications J. van Meerbergen, P. Lippens, B. McSweeney, W. Verhaegh, A. van der Werf, A. van Zanten. An Application-Specific Architecture for the RBN-Code with Efficient Memory Organization T. Gijbels, F. Catthoor, L. Van Eycken, A. Oosterlinck, H. De Man. System Considerations and the System Level Design of a Chip Set for Real Time TV and HDTV C.V. Reventlow, M. Talmi, S. Wolf, M. Ernst, K. Muller, C. Stoffers. Systolic Architectures for Finite-State Vector Quantization R.K. Kolagotla, Shu-Sun Yu, J.F. JaJa. Parallel Implementation for Iterative Image Restoration Algorithms on a Parallel DSP Machine R.L. Stevenson, G.B. Adams III, L.H. Jamieson, E.J. Delp. An Optimization Technique for Lowering the Iteration Bound of DSP Programs F. Buchholz Maciel, Y. Miyanaga, K. Tochinai. Subject Index.
<title>Design optimization of a smooth headlamp reflector to SAE/DOT beam-shape requirements</title> (1999)

The optical design of Ford Motor Company's 1992 Mercury Grand Marquis headlamp utilized a Sylvania 9007 filament source, a paraboloidal reflector and an array of cylindrical lenses (flutes). It has been of interest to Ford to determine the practicality of closely reproducing the on- road beam pattern performance of this headlamp, with an alternate optical arrangement whereby the control of the beam would be achieved solely by means of the geometry of the surface of the reflector, subject to a requirement of smooth-surface continuity; replacing the outer lens with a clear plastic cover having no beam-forming function. To this end the far-field intensity distribution produced by the 9007 bulb was measured at the low-beam setting. These measurements were then used to develop a light-source model for use in ray tracing simulations of candidate reflector geometries. An objective function was developed to compare candidate beam patterns with the desired beam pattern. Functional forms for the 3D reflector geometry were developed with free parameters to be subsequently optimized. A solution was sought meeting the detailed US SAE/DOT constraints for minimum and maximum permissible levels of illumination in the different portions of the beam pattern. Simulated road scenes were generated by Ford Motor Company to compare the illumination properties of the new design with those of the original Grand Marquis headlamp.
R306465 is a novel potent inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases with broad-spectrum antitumoral activity against solid and haematological malignancies (2007)

R306465 is a novel hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with broad-spectrum antitumour activity against solid and haematological malignancies in preclinical models. R306465 was found to be a potent inhibitor of HDAC1 and -8 (class I) in vitro. It rapidly induced histone 3 (H3) acetylation and strongly upregulated expression of p21waf1,cip1, a downstream component of HDAC1 signalling, in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells. R306465 showed class I HDAC isotype selectivity as evidenced by poor inhibition of HDAC6 (class IIb) confirmed by the absence of downregulation of Hsp90 chaperone c-raf protein expression and tubulin acetylation. This distinguished it from other HDAC inhibitors currently in clinical development that were either more potent towards HDAC6 (e.g. vorinostat) or had a broader HDAC inhibition spectrum (e.g. panobinostat). R306465 potently inhibited cell proliferation of all main solid tumour indications, including ovarian, lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 30 to 300 nM. Haematological cell lines, including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma, were potently inhibited at a similar concentration range. R306465 induced apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis in cell-based assays and had potent oral in vivo antitumoral activity in xenograft models. Once-daily oral administration of R306465 at well-tolerated doses inhibited the growth of A2780 ovarian, H460 lung and HCT116 colon carcinomas in immunodeficient mice. The high activity of R306465 in cell-based assays and in vivo after oral administration makes R306465 a promising novel antitumoral agent with potential applicability in a broad spectrum of human malignancies.
Electrical Broad Tuning of Plasmonic Color Filter Employing an Asymmetric-Lattice Nanohole Array of Metasurface Controlled by Polarization Rotator (2017)

Wide range of color change in nanohole array structure on a metal film have been successfully demonstrated using asymmetric-lattice design of nanoholes and an electrically switching polarization rotator. Recently, some studies have been reported that various color states were obtained in a single unit cell structure using extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) of nanopatterned structure, which could be one of the most important solutions for achieving ultrahigh integration density in optoelectronic devices. However, because they used the interfacial refractive index or dielectric constant as controlling factors for the color tuning, they were not capable of inducing a changeable range of color with different primary color states. To overcome this limitation, in this study, an asymmetric-lattice nanohole array design was integrated with an electrically controlled polarization rotator, employing a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal (LC). This simple structure of nanohole arrays with a rectangular lattice enabled mixed color states as well as precisely designed two different primary colors, by modulating the polarization of the incident light. The color-tuning shift was greater than 120 nm. Since the surface plasmonic (SP) modes on both sides, a top and a bottom interface, were matched better by the TN-LC layer assembled on the rectangular-lattice nanohole metal layer, the transmittance at the resonance peak wavelength was increased by 158% compared to that of the bare nanohole structure. The nanohole-array-on-metal-film simultaneously functions as an electrode, and this advantage, coupled with the low driving voltage of the TN-LC layer, can open new possibilities in applications to various optoelectronic device concepts.
Well-controlled metal co-catalysts synthesised by chemical vapour impregnation for photocatalytic hydrogen production and water purification (2014)

As co-catalyst materials, metal nanoparticles (NPs) play crucial roles in heterogeneous photocatalysis. The photocatalytic performance strongly relies on the physical properties (i.e., composition, microstructure, and surface impurities) of the metal NPs. Here we report a convenient chemical vapour impregnation (CVI) approach for the deposition of monometallic-, alloyed, and core-shell structured metal co-catalysts onto the TiO2 photocatalyst. The as-synthesised metal NPs are highly dispersed on the support and show narrow size distributions, which suit photocatalysis applications. More importantly, the surfaces of the as-synthesised metal NPs are free of protecting ligands, enabling the photocatalysts to be ready to use without further treatment. The effect of the metal identity, the alloy chemical composition, and the microstructure on the photocatalytic performance has been investigated for hydrogen production and phenol decomposition. Whilst the photocatalytic H2 production performance can be greatly enhanced by using the core-shell structured co-catalyst (Pdshell-Aucore and Ptshell-Aucore), the Ptshell-Aucore modified TiO2 yields enhanced quantum efficiency but a reduced effective decomposition of phenol to CO2 compared to that of the monometallic counterparts. We consider the CVI approach provides a feasible and elegant process for the decoration of photocatalyst materials.
Discovery of a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Acidic 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) Inhibitor: Discovery of 2-[(3S)-1-[5-(Cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-6-propylsulfanylpyridin-2-yl]-3-piperidyl]acetic Acid (AZD4017) (2012)

Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 is an attractive mechanism for the treatment of obesity and other elements of the metabolic syndrome. We report here the discovery of a nicotinic amide derived carboxylic acid class of inhibitors that has good potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Compound 11i (AZD4017) is an effective inhibitor of 11β-HSD1 in human adipocytes and exhibits good druglike properties and as a consequence was selected for clinical development.
6-Deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-2-C-methyl-L-galactono-1,5-lactone (2011)

X-ray crystallography unequivocally confirmed the stereochemistry of the 2-C-methyl group in the title mol-ecule, C(10)H(16)O(5), in which the 1,5-lactone ring exists in a boat conformation. The absolute stereochemistry was determined by the use of d-ribose in the synthesis. The crystal exists as O-H⋯O hydrogen bonded chains of mol-ecules running parallel to the a axis with each mol-ecule acting as a donor and acceptor for one hydrogen bond.
Focus beyond Quadratic Speedups for Error-Corrected Quantum Advantage (2021)

In this perspective we discuss conditions under which it would be possible for a modest fault-tolerant quantum computer to realize a runtime advantage by executing a quantum algorithm with only a small polynomial speedup over the best classical alternative. The challenge is that the computation must finish within a reasonable amount of time while being difficult enough that the small quantum scaling advantage would compensate for the large constant factor overheads associated with error correction. We compute several examples of such runtimes using state-of-the-art surface code constructions under a variety of assumptions. We conclude that quadratic speedups will not enable quantum advantage on early generations of such fault-tolerant devices unless there is a significant improvement in how we realize quantum error correction. While this conclusion persists even if we were to increase the rate of logical gates in the surface code by more than an order of magnitude, we also repeat this analysis for speedups by other polynomial degrees and find that quartic speedups look significantly more practical.
Fast Targeting and Cancer Cell Uptake of Luminescent Antibody‐Nanozeolite Bioconjugates (2016)

Understanding the targeted cellular uptake of nanomaterials is an essential step to engineer and program functional and effective biomedical devices. In this respect, the targeting and ultrafast uptake of zeolite nanocrystals functionalized with Cetuximab antibodies (Ctxb) by cells overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor are described here. Biochemical assays show that the cellular uptake of the bioconjugate in the targeted cancer cells already begins 15 min after incubation, at a rate around tenfold faster than that observed in the negative control cells. These findings further show the role of Ctxb exposed at the surfaces of the zeolite nanocrystals in mediating the targeted and rapid cellular uptake. By using temperature and pharmacological inhibitors as modulators of the internalization pathways, the results univocally suggest a dissipative uptake mechanism of these nanomaterials, which seems to occur using different internalization pathways, according to the targeting properties of these nanocrystals. Owing to the ultrafast uptake process, harmless for the cell viability, these results further pave the way for the design of novel theranostic tools based on nanozeolites.
Long-term hermetic vacuum wafer-level packaging with copper-tin thin films (2017)

Long-term hermetic vacuum wafer-level packaging (WLP) by bonding with copper-tin (CuSn) thin films is presented. By improving the pretreatment of bonding, the shear strength reached 74 MPa on average with a CuSn 150-μm-wide seal frame. Furthermore, the cavity fabricated by WLP under the optimized conditions maintained its vacuum for 1.8 years. The cavity pressure was directly measured without an extra vibratory element by an ultra-low outgassing residual gas analyzer (RGA) system. The RGA system revealed that the cavity pressure after 1.8 years was 407 Pa. The measured cavity pressure demonstrates that WLP with CuSn films can achieve remarkable vacuum hermeticity.
EU_MAVEN D3.2: Cooperative environment perception algorithms (2019)

This document describes the project achievements in cooperative perception algorithm development and testing. An overview of the building blocks, vehicle setups and embeddings of the perception algorithms into the test vehicle architectures used within the experiments at DLR and HMETC is given. A review of the state-of-the-art outlines the different levels of sophistication that are known from literature for the association and data fusion steps of a cooperative environment perception algorithm and reflects recent developments in the field. Real time algorithms are explained that were used in the experiments and demonstrations at the HMETC test site with both HMETC and DLR vehicles involved. Fusion experiments demonstrate detection and perception of a pedestrian not in sight of the ego vehicle sensors via a collective perception (CPM) message and combining of position estimates received via a cooperative awareness message (CAM) with the sensor detections of a test vehicle. Based on the results of the state-of-the-art review, an advanced fusion algorithm is proposed and its performance in urban traffic scenarios as well as Monte Carlo simulation scenarios evaluated. Conclusions are drawn for cooperative perception algorithm development and testing. This deliverable serves (in combination with D3.3) as basis for the testing done in WP6 with its upcoming deliverable D6.4 and the evaluation done in WP7 with its upcoming deliverable D7.2. The developments, experiments and evaluations presented in this deliverable have been executed by the MAVEN project partners HMETC and DLR in tight cooperation.
The role of small molecule GPR119 agonist, AS1535907, in glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and pancreatic β ‐cell function (2010)

These results suggest that AS1535907 can potentially regulate first-phase insulin secretion and exert a protective effect on pancreatic β-cell function via regulation of transcription factors.
Adoptively Transferred NK Cells Home to Tumor Sites and Accumulate With Tumor Growth But Do Not Lead to Tumor Regression in a Murine B-Cell Lymphoma Model (2011)

Natural killer (NK) cells can reject tumor in in vitro cytotoxicity experiments and in murine models where depletion of endogenous NK cells leads to accelerated tumor growth. Given that allogeneic NK cells can be safely transferred into mice and humans, it is now important to investigate whether these NK cells can home to tumor.
Second Generation GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and US Tier 3 Emissions (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The second generation 1.8L Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) engine was built and tested using RON91 gasoline. The engine is intended to meet stringent US Tier 3 emissions standards with diesel-like fuel efficiency. The engine utilizes a fulltime, partially premixed combustion process without combustion mode switching.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The second generation engine features a pentroof combustion chamber, 400 bar central-mounted injector, 15:1 compression ratio, and low swirl and squish. Improvements were made to all engine subsystems including fuel injection, valve train, thermal management, piston and ring pack, lubrication, EGR, boost, and aftertreatment. Low firing friction was a major engine design objective.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Preliminary test results indicated good improvement in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) over the first generation GDCI engines, while meeting targets for engine out emissions, combustion noise and stability. BSFC at the 2000 RPM-2 bar BMEP global test point was 248 g/kWh. At 1500 RPM, low BSFC of 210 to 215 g/kWh was measured over a wide load range from 6 to 12 bar BMEP. Friction levels were reduced considerably over Gen 1 engine friction. Tests at 800 RPM idle with zero brake torque indicated very stable combustion with very low NOx and PM emissions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Initial warmed up tailpipe CO emissions were very low with good potential to meet US Tier 3 targets. Tailpipe non-methane HC were also low at low to medium loads, but increased at higher loads. Improved HC aftertreatment will be needed for Tier 3 targets. NOx aftertreatment was not used on this engine but is expected to be needed for Tier 3-Bin 30 emissions standards.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A detailed thermodynamic loss analysis was performed at various operating conditions. Indicated thermal efficiency was high due to low heat losses and an efficient combustion process. A mechanical loss analysis was also performed. While firing friction was low, boost parasitics were significant at higher loads. Reduction of boost parasitics is an opportunity for further brake efficiency improvements.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;