gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Camera and light placement for automated assembly inspection (2002)

Visual assembly inspection can provide a low cost, accurate, and efficient solution to the automated assembly inspection problem, which is a crucial component of any automated assembly manufacturing process. The performance of such an inspection system is heavily dependent on the placement of the camera and light source. This article presents new algorithms that use the CAD model of a finished assembly for placing the camera and light source to optimize the performance of an automated assembly inspection algorithm. This general-purpose algorithm utilizes the component material properties and the contact information from the CAD model of the assembly, along with standard computer graphics hardware and physically accurate lighting models, to determine the effects of camera and light source placement on the performance of an inspection algorithm. The effectiveness of the algorithms is illustrated on a typical mechanical assembly.
Periodontal ligament stem cell-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering (2022)

<b>Objectives:</b> Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches are promising for bone repair and regeneration. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for maxillofacial bone and periodontal regeneration. Many studies have shown potent results <i>via</i> PDLSCs in bone regeneration. In this review, we describe recent cutting-edge researches on PDLSC-based bone regeneration and periodontal tissue regeneration. <b>Data and sources:</b> An extensive search of the literature for papers related to PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering was made on the databases of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The papers were selected by three independent calibrated reviewers. <b>Results:</b> Multiple types of materials and scaffolds have been combined with PDLSCs, involving xeno genic bone graft, calcium phosphate materials and polymers. These PDLSC-based constructs exhibit the potential for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, various osteo inductive agents and strategies have been applied with PDLSCs, including drugs, biologics, gene therapy, physical stimulation, scaffold modification, cell sheets and co-culture. <b>Conclusoin:</b> This review article demonstrates the great potential of PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs as a promising approach for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration.
Application of X-Y separable 2-D array beamforming for increased frame rate and energy efficiency in handheld devices (2012)

Two-dimensional arrays present significant beamforming computational challenges because of their high channel count and data rate. These challenges are even more stringent when incorporating a 2-D transducer array into a battery-powered hand-held device, placing significant demands on power efficiency. Previous work in sonar and ultrasound indicates that 2-D array beamforming can be decomposed into two separable line-array beamforming operations. This has been used in conjunction with frequency-domain phase-based focusing to achieve fast volume imaging. In this paper, we analyze the imaging and computational performance of approximate near-field separable beamforming for high-quality delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming and for a low-cost, phase-rotation-only beamforming method known as direct-sampled in-phase quadrature (DSIQ) beamforming. We show that when high-quality time-delay interpolation is used, separable DAS focusing introduces no noticeable imaging degradation under practical conditions. Similar results for DSIQ focusing are observed. In addition, a slight modification to the DSIQ focusing method greatly increases imaging contrast, making it comparable to that of DAS, despite having a wider main lobe and higher side lobes resulting from the limitations of phase-only time-delay interpolation. Compared with non-separable 2-D imaging, up to a 20-fold increase in frame rate is possible with the separable method. When implemented on a smart-phone-oriented processor to focus data from a 60 x 60 channel array using a 40 x 40 aperture, the frame rate per C-mode volume slice increases from 16 to 255 Hz for DAS, and from 11 to 193 Hz for DSIQ. Energy usage per frame is similarly reduced from 75 to 4.8 mJ/ frame for DAS, and from 107 to 6.3 mJ/frame for DSIQ. We also show that the separable method outperforms 2-D FFT-based focusing by a factor of 1.64 at these data sizes. This data indicates that with the optimal design choices, separable 2-D beamforming can significantly improve frame rate and battery life for hand-held devices with 2-D arrays.
<title>30-Gbit/s transmission experiment using directly modulated semiconductor lasers</title> (1996)

Experimental results from directly modulated semiconductor lasers at 30 Gbit/s are presented. Critical problems for 30 Gbit/s electronic TDM systems are discussed as well as advances in component technology for 30 Gbit/s transmission systems.
Antigenic homologies between oat and wheat globulins (1985)

Total globulins of oat and wheat were compared by SDS‐electophoresis immunoblotting and in vitro protein synthesis experiments. Numerous homologies were found. The same 4 protein subgroups, with respect to molecular mass, were found in the two cereals. Immunoblotting with antibodies for total oat globulins allowed the detection of homologous proteins in each wheat protein group, especially in the 60‐kDa group, which corresponds to the major 12 S oat globulin. The same antibodies also reacted with in vitro synthesized proteins of the two cereals. However, compared to mature proteins, only a limited number of polypeptides react, suggesting that wheat globulins, like oat globulins, undergo post‐translational processes.
Converter topologies for HVDC grids (2014)

HVDC grids have significant benefits and will likely play an important role in the future energy system. However, protection and fault handling aspects will be different from those of current ac transmission grids and point-to-point HVDC connections. Therefore, new power electronic solutions will be required. Different fault handling strategies are being discussed and the required converter hardware to implement these is identified. Also different converter topologies with the needed properties, mainly dc-side short-circuit handling capability, are described and compared.
Elliptical and spherical heads show similar obligate glenohumeral translation during axial rotation in total shoulder arthroplasty (2023)

Controlled Laboratory Study.
Cardiomyogenesis in the Aging and Failing Human Heart (2012)

The human heart is a highly dynamic organ that retains a remarkable degree of plasticity throughout life and in the presence of chronic heart failure. However, the ability to regenerate cardiomyocytes, vascular ECs, and fibroblasts cannot prevent the manifestations of myocardial aging or oppose the negative effects of ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Guided electric discharges induced by femtosecond laser filaments (2004)

Summary form only given. The time evolution of electrical discharges induced and guided between the cathode of a 200 kV Van de Graf generator and a ground sphere was studied using a 100 fs Ti:sapphire laser. Nonlinear focusing and ionization effects produce optical and plasma filaments in the discharge region. Streak camera images often exhibit streamers that propagate towards the cathode, but sudden discharge triggering is frequently observed with no streamer precursors. The typical discharge triggering delay time was measured to be 150 ns. Similar time delays were obtained from an air chemistry code used to model the long time behavior of the plasma induced by the short laser pulse including the external electric field. The model shows that ohmic heating of the filament plasma persists over long time scales and inhibits the decay of electron density due to recombination and attachment processes. Eventually the rise in electron temperature causes the avalanche rate to increase to the point where breakdown occurs. The hydrodynamic density reduction process reported by Tzortzakis, et al. is also taken into consideration. Its main effect is found to be a hastening of the breakdown process.
Reprocessing and Reuse of Waste Tire Rubber to Solve Air-Quality Related Problems (1998)

There is a potential for using waste tire rubber to make activated-carbon adsorbents for air-quality control applications. Such an approach provides a recycling path for waste tires and the production of new adsorbents from a low-cost waste material. Tire-derived activated carbons (TDACs) were prepared from waste tires. The resulting products are generally mesoporous, with N2−BET specific surface areas ranging from 239 to 1031 m2/g. TDACs were tested for their ability to store natural gas and remove organic compounds and mercury species from gas streams. TDACs are able to achieve 36% of the recommended adsorbed natural gas (methane) storage capacity for natural-gas-fueled vehicles. Equilibrium adsorption capacities for CH4 achieved by TDACs are comparable to Calgon BPL, a commercially available activated-carbon adsorbent. The acetone adsorption capacity for a TDAC is 67% of the adsorption capacity achieved by BPL at 1 vol % acetone. Adsorption capacities of mercury in simulated flue-gas streams are, in general, larger than adsorption capacities achieved by coal-derived activated carbons (CDACs) and BPL. Although TDACs may not perform as well as commercial adsorbents in some air pollution control applications, the potential lower cost of TDACS should be considered when evaluating economics.
Mining of Sensor Data in Healthcare: A Survey. (2013)

Historically, healthcare has been mainly provided in a reactive manner that limits its usefulness. With progress in sensor technologies, the instrumentation of the world has offered unique opportunities to better observe patients physiological signals in order to provide healthcare in a more proactive manner. To reach this goal, it is essential to be able to analyze patient data and turn it into actionable information using data mining. This chapter surveys existing applications of sensor data mining technologies in healthcare. It starts with a description of healthcare data mining challenges before presenting an overview of applications of data mining in both clinical and non clinical settings.
High On/Off-Current Ratio in Bottom-Gated Microcrystalline-Silicon Thin-Film Transistors With Vertical-Offset Structure (2010)

The high on/off-current ratio of microcrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) with vertical offset was demonstrated. These TFTs have a bottom-gate structure and offset regions formed along the side surfaces of the thick interlayer films. Due to a decrease of maximum electric-field intensity and a narrow distribution of high electric field, the on/off current ratio of vertical-offset TFTs is about three orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional TFTs.
High Power VCSEL Systems (2014)

Abstract New high power infrared sources in the kilowatt range are based on modular building blocks of LED‐like microlaser arrays. Modules in a very compact form factor enable easy integration in industrial heating processes. Fully flexible and dynamic control of the heating profile is paving the path to digitization of manufacturing processes, here particularly to “Digital Thermal Processing”.
Measurement of the31P–31P geminal coupling constant in pyrophosphate using the scalar relaxation between17O and31P nuclei (1984)

Although the scalar relaxation between the quadrupolar nucleus 17O and a phosphorus atom to which it is bonded can cause extreme broadening of the 31P resonance, it does not decouple the 31P nucleus even in a tightly coupled system; consequently the 31P–31P geminal coupling constant in pyrophosphate can easily be measured at low magnetic field.
Robust extraction of covariate information to improve estimation efficiency in randomized trials (2011)

In randomized trials, investigators typically rely upon an unadjusted estimate of the mean outcome within each treatment arm to draw causal inferences. Statisticians have underscored the gain in efficiency that can be achieved from covariate adjustment in randomized trials with a focus on problems involving linear models. Despite recent theoretical advances, there has been a reluctance to adjust for covariates based on two primary reasons: (i) covariate-adjusted estimates based on conditional logistic regression models have been shown to be less precise and (ii) concern over the opportunity to manipulate the model selection process for covariate adjustments to obtain favorable results. In this paper, we address these two issues and summarize recent theoretical results on which is based a proposed general methodology for covariate adjustment under the framework of targeted maximum likelihood estimation in trials with two arms where the probability of treatment is 50%. The proposed methodology provides an estimate of the true causal parameter of interest representing the population-level treatment effect. It is compared with the estimates based on conditional logistic modeling, which only provide estimates of subgroup-level treatment effects rather than marginal (unconditional) treatment effects. We provide a clear criterion for determining whether a gain in efficiency can be achieved with covariate adjustment over the unadjusted method. We illustrate our strategy using a resampled clinical trial dataset from a placebo controlled phase 4 study. Results demonstrate that gains in efficiency can be achieved even with binary outcomes through covariate adjustment leading to increased statistical power.
Managing Suspension Characteristics of Lost-Circulation Materials in a Drilling Fluid (2014)

Abstract Lost-circulation materials (LCMs) are often used to mitigate the loss of drilling fluids into subterranean formations. Well-known LCMs include ground marble, graphitic carbon, and cellulosic particulates. The carrier fluid's ability to suspend the LCM material is critical in high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) or inclined wells. This paper provides methods to help determine and manage suspension characteristics of LCMs in the fluid with the aid of certain suspending agents (e.g., fibers). A detailed experimental study was conducted to evaluate the suspension of a range of LCMs in various drilling fluids and investigate the effects of suspending agents (e.g., fibers) on LCM suspension. Based on experimental data, semiempirical models were developed to help predict the influence of fibers on LCM suspension. The design parameters used in these models included fiber concentration, fiber density, number of fibers per unit volume, and average fiber length and diameter. The modeling work discussed in this paper also provides methods for tailoring the suspending agent properties necessary for achieving effective LCM suspension in the fluid. The uniform suspension of LCM in the carrier treatment or drilling fluid is necessary during LCM pill preparation and during wellbore applications, such as a hesitation squeeze operation. Thus, using fibers to manage the suspension characteristics of LCM in carrier fluids can help ensure efficient use of LCMs for lost-circulation control. This method is particularly important in severe-loss zones where large sized LCMs are used as well as in HP/HT or inclined wells where maintaining LCM in suspension can be challenging.
Perioral Dermatitis (2011)

Perioral dermatitis, otherwise known as periorificial dermatitis, is characterized by inflammatory papules clustered mostly around the mouth and also other sites such as periocular and perinasal areas. The eruption commonly presents as small erythematous papules on an eczematous background. A well-described granulomatous variant is referred to as perioral granulomatous dermatitis and features discrete, small, firm, dome-shaped papules without perceptible erythema or scale. Perioral dermatitis is thought to be an idiosyncratic response to a variety of exogenous factors, with topical steroid use being a common but not ubiquitous association. This benign skin disorder may wax and wane for months or years, and on occasion leave pinpoint scars. Treatment is generally effective with topical metronidazole or steroid-sparing anti-inflammatories such as topical calcineurin inhibitors for mild disease or with oral antibiotics of the macrolide or tetracycline family for more severe disease.
Intervertebral disc degeneration adjacent to a lumbar fusion: An experimental rabbit model (2002)

Our study establishes a rabbit model of disc degeneration which requires neither a chemical nor physical injury to the disc. Disc degeneration similar to that seen in man was created at levels proximal (L4-L5) and caudal (L7-S1) to a simulated lumbar fusion and was studied for up to nine months after arthrodesis. Loss of the normal parallel arrangement of collagen bundles within the annular lamellae was observed in intervertebral discs adjacent to the fusion at three months. By six months there was further disorganisation as well as loss of distinction between the lamellae themselves. By nine months the structure of the disc had been replaced by disorganised fibrous tissue, and annular tears were seen. There was an initial cellular proliferative response followed by loss of chondrocytes and notochordal cells in the nucleus pulposus. Degeneration was accompanied by a decrease in the monomer size of proteoglycans. Narrowing of the disc space, endplate sclerosis and the formation of osteophytes at adjacent disc spaces were observed radiologically.
Search for disappearing tracks in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV (2020)

A search is presented for long-lived charged particles that decay within the volume of the silicon tracker of the CMS experiment. Such particles can produce events with an isolated track that is missing hits in the outermost layers of the silicon tracker, and is also associated with little energy deposited in the calorimeters and no hits in the muon detectors. The search for events with this "disappearing track" signature is performed in a sample of proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb -1 recorded in 2017 and 2018. The observation of 48 events is consistent with the estimated background of 47.8 +2.7 -2.3 (stat) 8.1 (syst) events. Upper limits are set on chargino production in the context of an anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking model for purely wino and higgsino neutralino scenarios. At 95% confidence level, the first constraint is placed on chargino masses in the higgsino case, excluding below 750 (175) GeV for a lifetime of 3 (0.05) ns. In the wino case, the results of this search are combined with a previous CMS search to produce a result representing the complete LHC data set recorded in 2015-2018, the most stringent constraints to date. At 95% confidence level, chargino masses in the wino case are excluded below 884 (474) GeV for a lifetime of 3 (0.2) ns.
Zinc Oxide Nanorod Optical Disk Photocatalytic Reactor for Photodegradation (2013)

A spinning disk photocatalytic reactor for environmental treatment and green technology is demonstrated by using zinc oxide nanorods coated optical disk substrate. The efficiency of this novel photocatalytic reactor is confirmed experimentally.
Prolonged Islet Graft Survival in NOD Mice by Blockade of the CD40-CD154 Pathway of T-Cell Costimulation (2001)

Allorejection and recurrence of autoimmunity are the major barriers to transplantation of islets of Langerhans for the cure of type 1 diabetes in humans. CD40-CD154 (CD40 ligand) interaction blockade by the use of anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has shown efficacy in preventing allorejection in several models of organ and cell transplantation. Here we report the beneficial effect of the chronic administration of a hamster anti-murine CD154 mAb, MR1, in prolonging islet graft survival in NOD mice. We explored the transplantation of C57BL/6 islets into spontaneously diabetic NOD mice, a combination in which both allogeneic and autoimmune components are implicated in graft loss. Recipients were treated either with an irrelevant control antibody or with MR1. MR1 administration was effective in prolonging allograft survival, but did not provide permanent protection from diabetes recurrence. The autoimmune component of graft loss was studied in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice that received syngeneic islets from young male NOD mice. In this combination, a less dramatic yet substantial delay in diabetes recurrence was observed in the MR1-treated recipients when compared with the control group. Finally, the allogeneic component was explored by transplanting C57BL/6 islets into chemically induced diabetic male NOD mice. In this setting, long-term graft survival (>100 days) was achieved in MR1-treated mice, whereas control recipients rejected their grafts within 25 days. In conclusion, chronic blockade of CD154 results in permanent protection from allorejection and significantly delays recurrence of diabetes in NOD mice.
P49/STRAP TARGETS PGC-1 GENE AND MODULATES MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN AGING (2017)

Introduction: p49/STRAP (SRFBP1) is a serum response factor (SRF) binding protein, which regulates many genes. p49/STRAP has a SRF binding domain and a BUD22 domain (which modulates growth and cell size). In addition, p49/STRAP alters the intracellular NAD/NADH ratio and induces protein deacetylation. Hypothesis: Alteration of NAD/NADH ratio by p49/STRAP might affect acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins, which may impact the transcription of a number of genes that are involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial respiration, thereby affecting cardiac function in aging. Methods and Results: p49/STRAP overexpression or knockdown was performed using plasmid or siRNA. Seahorse XF96 Flux Analyzer was used to measure mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. p49 overexpression caused deacetylation of histone H4 on lysine 16 (H4K16); knockdown of p49/STRAP increased H4K16 acetylation. PPAR gamma (PPARγ) Coactivator-1 (PGC-1) is an important regulator of mitochondrial genes. P49 repressed PGC-1α expression, while P49 siRNA increased the PGC-1α expression. p49/STRAP also repressed mitofusin 1 and 2 genes. Knockdown of p49/STRAP increased the expression of mitofusin 1 and 2 genes. MitoTracker staining revealed that p49/STRAP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and the mitochondrial size. Furthermore, p49/STRAP repressed mitochondrial basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiration capacity. Conclusion: p49/STRAP caused the deacetylation of histone H4K16 and repressed the expression of multiple genes related to mitochondrial structure and function, including the PGC-1α gene. Repression of PGC-1α could affect PGC-1 transcriptional networks in the cardiac muscles. The age-associated increased cardiac expression of p49/STRAP may contribute to mitochondrial functional decline in the heart during senescence.