gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Survival, replication, and antibody susceptibility of Ehrlichia chaffeensis outside of host cells. (2003)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligate intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium, is susceptible to antibody-mediated host defense, but the mechanism by which this occurs is not understood. One possible explanation is that antibodies directly access the bacteria in the extracellular environment of the host, perhaps during bacterial intercellular transfer. Accordingly, we investigated whether bacteria could be found outside of host cells during infection. Host cell-free plasma obtained from infected mice was found to contain ehrlichiae, and the host cell-free ehrlichiae readily transferred disease to susceptible SCID recipients. The host cell-free ehrlichiae were found during infection of both immunocompetent BALB/c and immunocompromised BALB/c-scid mice and reached levels as high as 10 8 /ml in plasma during persistent infection in SCID mice. Approximately 10% of the blood-borne bacteria were found outside of host cells. Although it is generally accepted that replication of ehrlichiae occurs only within host cells, the cell-free bacteria were shown to undergo DNA replication and cell division in vitro for 3 to 5 days when incubated at 37C in plasma. Paradoxically, both infectivity and virulence were lost after 24 h of ex vivo culture. The data indicate that E. chaffeensis is exposed to the extracellular milieu during infection, presumably during intercellular transfer, and reveal that these intracellular bacteria do not require the environment of the host cell for replication. Our findings reveal a possible mechanism by which antibodies can access the intracellular bacteria upon their release into the extracellular milieu and mediate host defense and also have implications for understanding the replication and transmission of this vectorborne pathogen.
Impact of self- and cross-phase modulation on highly efficient discrete Raman amplifier for 10-Gb/s 100-GHz-spaced WDM transmission (2005)

We investigate the nonlinear penalty caused by self- and cross-phase modulation in highly efficient discrete Raman amplifiers with different dispersion coefficient by using 40×10Gb/s, 100GHz-spaced L-band WDM signals for non-dispersion-compensated 1000-ps/nm transmission.
The G2-phase enriched lncRNA SNHG26 is necessary for proper cell cycle progression and proliferation (2021)

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of cell cycle, although only a few have been functionally characterized. By combining RNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing of cell cycle synchronized HaCaT cells we have previously identified lncRNAs highly enriched for cell cycle functions. Based on a cyclic expression profile and an overall high correlation to histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) signals, the lncRNA SNHG26 was identified as a top candidate. In the present study we report that downregulation of SNHG26 affects mitochondrial stress, proliferation, cell cycle phase distribution, and gene expression in cis - and in trans , and that this effect is reversed by upregulation of SNHG26 . We also find that the effect on cell cycle phase distribution is cell type specific and stable over time. Results indicate an oncogenic role of SNHG26 , possibly by affecting cell cycle progression through the regulation of downstream MYC-responsive genes.
Role of dimensionality and spatial extent in influencing intramicellar kinetic processes (1980)

LPI
Retro-Diels-Alder, .gamma.-hydrogen rearrangement, and decarboxylation reactions. Pathways for fragmentation in the collisions activated dissociation mass spectra of ketones and carboxylic acid (M-1)- ions (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRetro-Diels-Alder, .gamma.-hydrogen rearrangement, and decarboxylation reactions. Pathways for fragmentation in the collisions activated dissociation mass spectra of ketones and carboxylic acid (M-1)- ionsDonald F. Hunt, Anne B. Giordani, Jeffrey Shabanowitz, and Gerald RhodesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 4, 738–741Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00343a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00343a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequential appearance of epidermal growth factor in plasma membrane-associated and intracellular vesicles during endocytosis. (1987)

Receptor-mediated internalization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) occurs by a process involving initially clathrin-coated pits on the cell surface and the subsequent formation of ligand-containing endosomes. Using a modified acid wash technique, cell surface-bound EGF was removed. Utilizing sucrose density centrifugation, the residual cell-associated EGF was separated into plasma membrane-associated and intracellular vesicle-associated forms. Using these procedures we have identified a transient form of cell-associated EGF that is still attached to the plasma membrane but not accessible to the extracellular fluid. This form of EGF appears to be the precursor for endosomic EGF. We suggest that this intermediate form represents the receptor-ligand complex shown by electronmicroscopy to be located in narrow-necked plasma membrane invaginations (Willingham, M. C., and Pastan, I. (1980) Cell 21, 67-77).
Novel myelin penta- and hexa-acetyl-galactosyl-ceramides: structural characterization and immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid (2010)

Fast migrating cerebrosides (FMC) are derivatives of galactosylceramide (GalCer). The structures of the most hydrophobic FMC-5, FMC-6, and FMC-7 were determined by electrospray ionization linear ion-trap mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy complementing previous NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to be 3-O-acetyl-sphingosine-GalCer derivatives with galactose O-acetyl modifications. FMC-5 and FMC-6 are 3-O-acetyl-sphingosine-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-GalCer with nonhydroxy and hydroxy-N-fatty-acids, while FMC-7 has an additional O-acetylation of the 2-hydroxy-fatty acid. The immuno-reactivity in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to these acetylated glycolipids was examined in central nervous system (CNS) infectious disease, noninflammatory disorders, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Screening for lipid binding in MS and other neurological disease groups revealed that the greatest anti-hydrophobic FMC reactivity was observed in the inflammatory CNS diseases (meningitis, meningo-encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis). Some MS patients had increased reactivity with the hydrophobic FMCs and with glycoglycerophospholipid MfGL-II from Mycoplasma fermentans. The cross-reactivity of highly acetylated GalCer with microbial acyl-glycolipid raises the possibility that myelin-O-acetyl-cerebrosides, bacterial infection, and neurological disease are linked.
Experimental evaluation of an electromechanical suspension actuator for rail vehicle applications (2002)

In this paper the final experimental evaluation of a prototype electromechanical suspension actuator for rail vehicles is described. Moreover, the special design, modelling and requirements of this kind of machine are thoroughly discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Multicomponent Redox System Accounts for the First Nozaki‐Hiyama‐ Kishi Reactions Catalytic in Chromium. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Rapid, Mobile Neurocognitive Screening Test to Aid in Identifying Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (BrainCheck): Cohort Study (Preprint) (2018)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> The US population over the age of 65 is expected to double by the year 2050. Concordantly, the incidence of dementia is projected to increase. The subclinical stage of dementia begins years before signs and symptoms appear. Early detection of cognitive impairment and/or cognitive decline may allow for interventions to slow its progression. Furthermore, early detection may allow for implementation of care plans that may affect the quality of life of those affected and their caregivers. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> We sought to determine the accuracy and validity of BrainCheck Memory as a diagnostic aid for age-related cognitive impairment, as compared against physician diagnosis and other commonly used neurocognitive screening tests, including the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) exam, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We tested 583 volunteers over the age of 49 from various community centers and living facilities in Houston, Texas. The volunteers were divided into five cohorts: a normative population and four comparison groups for the SLUMS exam, the MMSE, the MoCA, and physician diagnosis. Each comparison group completed their respective assessment and BrainCheck Memory. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> A total of 398 subjects were included in the normative population. A total of 84 participants were in the SLUMS exam cohort, 51 in the MMSE cohort, 35 in the MoCA cohort, and 18 in the physician cohort. BrainCheck Memory assessments were significantly correlated to the SLUMS exam, with coefficients ranging from .5 to .7. Correlation coefficients for the MMSE and BrainCheck and the MoCA and BrainCheck were also significant. Of the 18 subjects evaluated by a physician, 9 (50%) were healthy, 6 (33%) were moderately impaired, and 3 (17%) were severely impaired. A significant difference was found between the severely and moderately impaired subjects and the healthy subjects (P=.02). We derived a BrainCheck Memory composite score that showed stronger correlations with the standard assessments as compared to the individual BrainCheck assessments. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of this composite score found a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 94%. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> BrainCheck Memory provides a sensitive and specific metric for age-related cognitive impairment in older adults, with the advantages of a mobile, digital, and easy-to-use test. </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03608722; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03608722 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/76JLoYUGf) </sec>
Use of Pathway Vectors (2015)

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Effective Capacity in MIMO Channels With Arbitrary Inputs (2017)

Recently, communication systems that are both spectrum and energy efficient have attracted significant attention. Different from the existing research, we investigate the throughput and energy efficiency of a general class of multiple-input and multiple-output systems with arbitrary inputs when they are subject to statistical quality-of-service (QoS) constraints, which are imposed as limits on the delay violation and buffer overflow probabilities. We employ the effective capacity as the performance metric, which is the maximum constant data arrival rate at a buffer that can be sustained by the channel service process under specified QoS constraints. We obtain the optimal input covariance matrix that maximizes the effective capacity under a short-term average power constraint. Following that, we perform an asymptotic analysis of the effective capacity in the low signal-to-noise ratio and large-scale antenna regimes. In the low signal-to-noise ratio regime analysis, in order to determine the minimum energy-per-bit and also the slope of the effective capacity versus energy-per-bit curve at the minimum energy-per-bit, we utilize the first and second derivatives of the effective capacity when the signal-to-noise ratio approaches zero. We observe that the minimum energy-per-bit is independent of the input distribution, whereas the slope depends on the input distribution. In the large-scale antenna analysis, we show that the effective capacity approaches the average transmission rate in the channel with the increasing number of transmit and/or receive antennas. Particularly, the gap between the effective capacity and the average transmission rate in the channel, which is caused by the QoS constraints, is minimized with the number of antennas. In addition, we put forward the nonasymptotic backlog and delay violation bounds by utilizing the effective capacity. Finally, we substantiate our analytical results through numerical illustrations.
Reactions of diisopropyl tartrate modified allyl- and (E)- and (Z)-crotylboronates with .beta.-alkoxy-.alpha.-methylpropionaldehydes: a reagent-based solution to the acyclic dipropionate problem (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of diisopropyl tartrate modified allyl- and (E)- and (Z)-crotylboronates with .beta.-alkoxy-.alpha.-methylpropionaldehydes: a reagent-based solution to the acyclic dipropionate problemWilliam R. Roush, Alan D. Palkowitz, and Michelle J. PalmerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2, 316–318Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00378a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00378a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1289Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The flexural strength of retrofitting tectona grandis wood’s beam structures (2020)

Abstract Indonesia has thousands of ethnic groups with a variety of traditional buildings. Traditional buildings made of wood almost all experienced problems of material damage due to insect attacks and weathering due to weather influences.The community tends to dismantle building elements that have been damaged by hoisting insects. This happens because of the lack of knowledge about techniques in repairing or retrofitting wood structures. Wood material is susceptible to problems with elemental damage due to weathering and insect attacks. Damage to the structural elements of the wooden beam does not occur as a whole but only in certain areas. To maintain the strength of the wood in order to carry the burden, it is necessary to strengthen only the damaged area. So the structural elements of the wooden block do not need to be replaced in total but only on the damaged part. Testing the tensile strength of the flexural strength of the whole Tectona grandis wood block as many as 6 pieces, 6 pieces of Teak wood without adhesive, Tectona grandis using 6 pieces of adhesive with a size of 120 x 8 x 6 cm, and Tectona grandis wood as 6 pieces of adhesive with the size 10 x 4 x 6 cm, and the adhesive used is epoxy glue. The results of the study stated that the maximum flexural strength is occurring in Teak wood beams with adhesive (D-1, D-2, D-3) able to have stronger flexural strength of 59.8455 N/mm 2 , 52.22533594 N/mm 2 , 54.54848438 N/mm 2 , compared to solid beams (F-1, F-2, F-3) of 39.72684375 N/m 2 , 53.01527344 N/mm 2 , 60.58877344 N/mm 2 . This research also shows that the connection of Teak wood blocks with adhesives has better flexural strength.
Linear viscoelasticity of side chain liquid crystal polymer (1993)

Abstract Small amplitude oscillatory shear has been used to study thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers that have mesogenic groups pendant to flexible backbones. The polymers studied form nematic and smectic glasses, enabling viscoelastic response to be studied over a wide range of frequencies using time-temperature superposition. In contrast to main chain liquid-crystalline polymers, the nematic side chain polymers exhibit linear viscoelastic response over a wide range of strain amplitudes that is independent of thermal and shear histories. Viscoelastic response is very sensitive to smectic-nematic and smectic-isotropic transitions, but insensitive to the nematic-isotropic transition, as time-temperature superposition applies across this transition. We compare viscoelastic data with diffusion data by calculating the time τ that it takes a polymer to diffuse a distance equal to its coil size R (τ=R2/D). At frequencies lower than 1/τ side chain polymers in their nematic show the terminal response characteristic of viscoelastic liquids. In their smectic, they are still strongly viscoelastic at frequencies lower than 1/τ and approach the terminal response of a viscoelastic solid at the lowest frequencies. Implications of such behaviour are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to Homologated Pyranosidic Conjugated Enals. (1989)

Abstract Various transformations of pyranosides are described, forming the homologous enals which are useful in hetero Diels‐Alder cycloadditions for the synthesis of C‐glycosides.
5G on Board: How Many Antennas Do We Need on Connected Cars? (2016)

Mobile networks will support increasing numbers of connected vehicles. Successive generations of mobile networks have reduced the cost of data rate, in terms of spectrum usage and power consumption at the base station, by increasingly exploiting the concept of channel state information at the transmitter. Unfortunately, beyond a limiting velocity (which depends on the carrier frequency), networks are no longer cost efficient, since such information is not usable. Recently, channel prediction techniques requiring several antennas on the car roof have been introduced to solve this problem. In this paper, for the first time, we determine the most cost efficient configurations, in terms of numbers of antennas on the car roof and carrier frequency, in various scenarios (highway and dense urban). Our studies show that with a simple prediction technique based on predictor antennas, the network can use twice less spectrum and around 20 dB less power, for cars with 3 antennas on their tops than for cars with the same number of antennas and not using prediction.
Essential Concepts in Toxicogenomics (2008)

The field of toxicogenomics has been growing quickly, yet with rapid growth comes the need to periodically reflect on the nature of the field. Essential Concepts in Toxicogenomics collects reviews, opinion pieces and case studies from the leading experts in this dynamic field with a focus on its application to pharmaceuticals. Topics covered include issues that affect the quality of toxicogenomics experiments, statistical approaches to their data analysis, the use of such data to build toxicogenomic models, and the utilization of genomics to identify biomarkers within the preclinical and clinical arenas. Although not in the standard Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, this volume retains the practicality and usefulness of the highly successful series. Informative and cutting-edge, Essential Concepts in Toxicogenomics is an ideal resource for pharmaceutical companies, chemical manufacturers, toxicologists, and all who must keep up-to-date on progress in this vital and important field
Active Transport of Drugs (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.