gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Range Expansion Technique for CMOS Image Sensors with Dual Charge Storage in a Pixel and Multiple Sampling (2008)

A dynamic range expansion technique for CMOS image sensors with dual charge storage in a pixel and multiple sampling technique is presented. Each pixel contains a photodiode and a storage diode which is connected to the photodiode via a separation gate. The sensitivity of the signal charge in the storage diode can be controlled either by a separation gate which limits the charge to flow into the storage diode or by controlling the accumulation time in the storage diode. The operation of the sensitivity control with separation gate techniques is simulated and it is found that a blocking layer to the storage diode plays an important role for high controllability of sensitivity of the storage diode. A prototype chip for testing multiple short time accumulations is fabricated and measured.
Grafting of High-Density Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Monolayers on Si(111) (2001)

A strategy has been developed for the grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) monolayers onto the atomically flat Si(111) surface. This process involves the direct interaction of the HO-functional group on PEG with a chlorine-terminated silicon surface. The resulting monolayers show exceptional flatness, with mean roughness on the angstrom scale. Film thickness is determined by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Results for different molecular weights reveal that the grafted PEG molecules are in a brushlike configuration at low molecular weight (MW = 200, 300) and a more coil-like configuration at higher molecular weight (MW = 1000, 2000). The surface density of grafted PEG molecules is significantly higher than those reported in the literature and decreases with increasing molecular weight, from 92% at MW = 300 to 35% at MW = 2000. Both the brushlike and the coil-like configurations show excellent properties of protein resistance.
Differences in clinical features of Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis (2015)

Some clinical features are valuable for CD and ITB diagnosis. The described scoring system is key to differentiating between CD and ITB.
Design of dual-output alternators with switched-mode rectification (2004)

The push to introduce dual-voltage (42V/14V) automotive electrical systems necessitates power generation solutions capable of supplying power to multiple outputs. A number of approaches for implementing dual-voltage electrical systems have been proposed, but most suffer from severe cost or performance limitations. This paper explores the design of alternators incorporating dual-output switched-mode rectifiers. The proposed approach enables the full load-matched power capability of the alternator machine to be achieved, with power delivered to the two outputs in any desired combination. Switched mode rectifier (SMR) topologies for this application are introduced. Alternator/SMR design guidelines are established, and appropriate control laws are derived. Simulation and experimental results are presented that demonstrate the feasibility and high performance of the approach.
An Effective Acid Placement Technique to Stimulate High-Temperature Sandstone and Carbonate Formations (2013)

Abstract Viscoelastic surfactant-based acids have been used in the field for several years, and have been the subject of many laboratory and field studies. An extensive literature survey revealed that corrosion inhibitors and high-temperature dramatically weaken the surfactant structure and significantly reduce its viscosity. Therefore, these fluids are typically limited to placement in relatively low-temperature formations. This study was conducted to evaluate a new VES system that can form a gel and maintain useful viscosity at high temperature. The effects of temperature, initial HCl concentration, corrosion inhibitor concentration, surfactant concentration, and breaker type and concentration on the viscosity and corrosion rate of the new VES were investigated. Additionally, a core flood study was conducted using Indiana limestone and Berea sandstone cores to evaluate the diversion ability of VES system. Experimental results show that because of the low viscosity of the new VES system at live condition, it can be used at an initial HCl concentration of 15 wt% or higher. Even in the presence of a high concentration of corrosion inhibitor, the new VES system maintained its viscosity at 300°F. With no breaker in the system, the viscosity of the new VES system was stable for at least 3 days, and viscosity increased with surfactant concentration. Breakers based on mineral oil caused a smooth viscosity decline, while breakers based on mutual solvent caused instantaneous viscosity reduction. The pre-flush stage of mutual solvent did not prevent gel formation during acid neutralization. Mixing the new VES in 5 wt% NH4Cl brine formed a gel at surface. The new VES acid system increased the pressure drop by a factor of 18 inside Berea sandstone core and resulted in a 60.5 % permeability enhancement. Corrosion inhibitor reduces viscosity of the new VES system, while intensifier has nearly no effect. Also, increasing the concentration of either corrosion inhibitor or intensifier reduced the corrosion rate of the new VES system. Therefore, in some cases, a higher intensifier loading can be recommended to achieve viscosity goals along with corrosion protection.
Identification of compounds with anti-human cytomegalovirus activity that inhibit production of IE2 proteins (2016)

Using a high throughput screening methodology we surveyed a collection of largely uncharacterized validated or suspected kinase inhibitors for anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity. From this screen we identified three structurally related 5-aminopyrazine compounds (XMD7-1, -2 and -27) that inhibited HCMV replication in virus yield reduction assays at low micromolar concentrations. Kinase selectivity assays indicated that each compound was a kinase inhibitor capable of inhibiting a range of cellular protein kinases. Western blotting and RNA sequencing demonstrated that treatment of infected cells with XMD7 compounds resulted in a defect in the production of the major HCMV transcriptional transactivator IE2 proteins (IE2-86, IE2-60 and IE2-40) and an overall reduction in transcription from the viral genome. However, production of certain viral proteins was not compromised by treatment with XMD7 compounds. Thus, these novel anti-HCMV compounds likely inhibited transcription from the viral genome and suppressed production of a subset of viral proteins by inhibiting IE2 protein production.
Loss of central and peripheral CD8+T‐cell tolerance to HFE in mouse models of human familial hemochromatosis (2012)

HFE, an MHC class Ib molecule that controls iron metabolism, can be directly targeted by cytotoxic TCR αβ T lymphocytes. Transgenic DBA/2 mice expressing, in a Rag 2 KO context, an αβ TCR that directly recognizes mouse HFE (mHFE) were created to further explore the interface of HFE with the immune system. TCR-transgenic mHfe WT mice deleted mHFE-reactive T cells in the thymus, but a fraction of reprogrammed cells were able to escape deletion. In contrast, TCR-transgenic mice deprived of mHFE molecules (mHfe KO mice) or expressing a C282→Y mutated mHFE molecule - the most frequent mutation associated with human hereditary hemochromatosis - positively selected mHFE-reactive CD8(+) T lymphocytes and were not tolerant toward mHFE. By engrafting these mice with DBA/2 WT (mHFE(+)) skin, it was established, as suspected on the basis of similar engraftments performed on DBA/2 mHfe KO mice, that mHFE behaves as an autonomous skin-associated histocompatibility antigen, even for mHFE-C282→Y mutated mice. By contrast, infusion of DBA/2 mHFE(+) mice with naïve mHFE-reactive transgenic CD8(+) T lymphocytes did not induce GVHD. Thus, tolerance toward HFE in mHfe WT mice can be acquired at either thymic or peripheral levels but is disrupted in mice reproducing human familial hemochromatosis.
Demonstration of a collective hybrid die-to-wafer integration (2020)

In this paper, a collective hybrid bonding of a die to wafer is demonstrated. The key integration steps such as CMP, wet etch, cleaning, defect metrology, alignment optimization in die to wafer and wafer to wafer bonding tools are discussed in detail. Finally void free Cu to Cu and SiCN-SiCN connection is shown in this paper. Promising electrical yield more than 85% is obtained for the daisy chains containing 219 pad connections.
Optically-Based Array Sensors for Selective In Situ Analysis of Tank Waste (1999)

The objective of this research program is to conduct the fundamental research necessary to develop an array of chemically selective sensors, based on highly selective molecular recognition agents and highly sensitive fluorescence and/or phosphorescence techniques, that can be coupled to fiber optics for remote analytical applications. These sensors will be of great value to DOE for the safe and cost-effective in situ characterization of high level waste tanks. Characterization of high level tank waste currently entails obtaining and analyzing core samples at the cost of about $1 million per sample. The ability to detect and measure specific chemicals and radionuclides directly inside a high level waste tank using a remote sensing device could result in considerable benefits with regard to both cost savings and safety issues. This multidisciplinary approach to the design of sensors will be to immobilize agents for selective molecular recognition, chosen from solvent extraction processes, in an organic polymer matrix that mimics the organic medium in an aqueous-nonaqueous extraction. In this manner the matrix will enhance both the separation and the achievement of chemical selectivity.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Radical Addition of CX4 Reagents to Olefins (2017)

Abstract We describe the synthetically useful enantioselective addition of Br−CX 3 (X=Cl or Br) to terminal olefins to introduce a trihalomethyl group and generate optically active secondary bromides. Computational and experimental evidence supports an asymmetric atom‐transfer radical addition (ATRA) mechanism in which the stereodetermining step involves outer‐sphere bromine abstraction from a [(bisphosphine)Rh II BrCl] complex by a benzylic radical intermediate. This mechanism appears unprecedented in asymmetric catalysis.
Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Papillary Renal-Cell Carcinoma (2015)

Type 1 and type 2 papillary renal-cell carcinomas were shown to be clinically and biologically distinct. Alterations in the MET pathway were associated with type 1, and activation of the NRF2-ARE pathway was associated with type 2; CDKN2A loss and CIMP in type 2 conveyed a poor prognosis. Furthermore, type 2 papillary renal-cell carcinoma consisted of at least three subtypes based on molecular and phenotypic features. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
CRYSTALLINE SILICON THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS ON FOREIGN SUBSTRATES: THE EUROPEAN PROJECT METEOR (2004)

Crystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells on Foreign Substrates The European Project METEOR
Beam Illumination Pattern Design in Satellite Networks: Learning and Optimization for Efficient Beam Hopping (2020)

Beam hopping (BH) is considered to provide a high level of flexibility to manage irregular and time-varying traffic requests in future multi-beam satellite systems. In BH optimization, adopting conventional iterative heuristics may have their own limitations in providing timely solutions, and directly using data-driven technique to approximate optimization variables may lead to constraint violation and degraded performance. In this paper, we explore a combined learning-and-optimization (L&O) approach to provide an efficient, feasible, and near-optimal solution. The investigations are from the following aspects: 1) Integration of BH optimization and learning techniques; 2) Features to be learned in BH design; 3) How to address the feasibility issue incurred by machine learning. We provide numerical results and analysis to show that the learning component in L&O significantly accelerates the procedure of identifying promising BH patterns, resulting in reduced computing time from seconds/minutes to milliseconds level. The identified learning feature enables high accuracy in predictions. In addition, the optimization component in L&O guarantees the solution’s feasibility and improves the overall performance with around 5% gap to the optimum.
Repetitive A epitope (type 3 chain i specific monoclonal antibody TH-1: qualitative A1 and A2 distinction (subgroups/erythrocyte/glycolipid/methylation analysis/iH NMR) (2016)

The IgG2a monoclonal antibody TH-1, which reacts specifically with blood group Ai but with neither A2 nor O erythrocytes, has been established. The antibody re- acted only with AG erythrocytes in hemagglutination and anti- body absorption assays; it did not react with A2 erythrocytes, even after trypsin or sialidase treatment. This antibody detect- ed, on TLC immunostaining, a series of glycolipids from AG erythrocytes but virtually none or very weak bands from A2 erythrocytes. It did not react with type 1 or type 2 chain A, or with globo-A. The simplest reactive component was isolated from a previously assigned Ab fraction by HPTLC of acetylat- ed compounds. The structure of the reactive component was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and enzymatic degradation, as shown below:
Viscometric Temperature Sensitivity of Engine Lubricants at Low Temperature and Moderately High Shear Conditions (2007)

Abstract Low-temperature viscosity of engine oils is a key indication of a lubricant’s capacity to provide wear protection during starting and subsequent operation of an engine. Some 40 years ago the Cold Cranking Simulator (CCS) was developed to measure the low-temperature viscosity of engine oil with viscometric conditions similar to a starting engine. The importance of cranking viscosity has grown since the test was originally developed and is now one of two low-temperature viscosity measurements that define the SAE grades for engine oils. Previous studies evaluating viscosities determined by the CCS have focused on test precision and correlation to engine starting performance. This study evaluates the effects small offsets from the indicated temperature have on the measured apparent viscosity of engine oils. Interest in this topic was driven by the observation that some engine oil formulations have abnormally high variation in viscosity. All the low-temperature viscosity measurements were made in the CCS in accord with ASTM D 5293-04. A small temperature offset was achieved by adjusting the CCS temperature probe calibration so that the indicated test operating temperature was offset from the true temperature. The viscosity data were collected using automatic thermoelectrically cooled CCS instruments. Comparative viscosity data were collected on instruments using cold methanol to control the sample temperature. The oil samples in this study consisted of base oils, a selection of commercial engine oils of the API performance category SL, recent ASTM Interlaboratory Crosscheck Program (ILCP), and from the Low Temperature Engine Performance (LTEP) study which was conducted in the 1990s. The LTEP oils are of an earlier performance category and thus have a different composition than either the API SL commercial engine oils or the ASTM ILCP program oils. Results of this study show that when the CCS stator and sample are warmer than the indicated temperature, the measured viscosities are higher than when the viscosity is measured at the correct (true) temperature. As would be expected, the opposite response is seen when the offset is in the opposite direction. This response to the temperature offset is opposite of what would be traditionally expected—lower temperatures typically result in higher measured viscosities. As seen in the study, this is a result of the way the instrument is calibrated and not a fluid anomaly. Some of the API SL oils exhibited more than a 5 % change in measured viscosity from a 0.5°C shift in temperature. Base oils and synthetic formulations only had a change of around 1 % due to a 0.5°C shift in temperature. The samples of API SG oils have temperature sensitivity lower than the API SL oils tested. This study compares data obtained on instruments using two different methods of controlling sample temperature. For the samples evaluated in this program, the data indicated no relative bias between the two methods (thermoelectric and cold methanol) of stator temperature control.
Clinical Comparison of 99mTc Exametazime and 123I Ioflupane SPECT in Patients with Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2014)

Overall, both scans detected abnormalities in brain function, but appear to reflect different types of physiological processes associated with chronic mild TBI symptoms. Both types of scans might have distinct uses in the evaluation of chronic TBI patients depending on the clinical scenario.
Imaging osteoarthritis and periarticular bone changes using [18F]FPRGD2 PET/CT: Observation and potential application (2013)

The case provides an evidence of the efficacy and safety of intravenous rt-PA in cases of cardiac myxoma. However, we cannot always expect thrombolytic therapy to be effective, especially in tumor emboli.
Single microphone source separation using high resolution signal reconstruction (2004)

We present a method for separating two speakers from a single microphone channel. The method exploits the fine structure of male and female speech and relies on a strong high frequency resolution model for the source signals. The algorithm is able to identify the correct combination of male and female speech that best explains an observation and is able to reconstruct the component signals, relying on prior knowledge to 'fill in' regions that are masked by the other speaker. The two speaker single microphone source separation problem is one of the most challenging source separation scenarios and few quantitative results have been reported in the literature. We provide a test set based on the Aurora 2 data set and report performance numbers on a portion of this set. We achieve results of 6.59 dB average increase in SNR for female speakers and 5.51 dB for male speakers.
Composite Spreader for Cooling Computer Chip With Non-Uniform Heat Dissipation (2008)

The performance of a composite spreader, with a 0.4 mm thick top layer of porous graphite (PG), for enhanced cooling with nucleate boiling of FC-72 dielectric liquid, and a 1.6 mm copper (Cu) substrate, for achieving better cooling of underlying 10 X 10 mm computer chip, with a non-uniform surface heat flux, is investigated. This spreader takes an advantage of the enhanced nucleate boiling heat transfer of FC-72 dielectric liquid on PG and the good heat spreading by Cu. The dissipated thermal power by the chip has a cosine-like distribution with a peak-to-average heat flux, Phi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> , which varied up to 2.467. The spreader surface area, the total thermal power dissipated by the chip, removed from the surface of the spreader, and the total thermal resistance are calculated and compared with those of PG and Cu spreaders of same thickness, 2.0 mm. With Phi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = 2.467, 39.48 W and 72.0 W can be removed from the surface of composite spreaders cooled with saturation and 30 K subcooled boiling, compared to 43.0 and 65.3 W for Cu spreaders. The calculated surface areas and total thermal resistances of the composite spreaders, 6.82 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 4.90 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 0.284 and 0.68degC/W, are smaller than for Cu spreaders, 12.26 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 11.92 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and 0.51 and 0.83degC/W. In addition, the calculated chip maximum surface temperatures of 62.37degC and 72.2degC, are lower than with Cu spreaders (72.67degC and 76.30degC).
Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. IV. Synthetic studies leading to various oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. IV. Synthetic studies leading to various oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinesArthur D. Broom, Jaewon L. Shim, and Gary L. AndersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 7, 1095–1099Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00869a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00869a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CloudSearch and the democratization of information retrieval (2012)

Amazon CloudSearch is a new hosted search service, built on top of many cloud-based AWS services, and based on the same technology that powers search on Amazon's retail sites. Because of its ease of configuration and scalability, CloudSearch represents the next step in the democratization of information retrieval. This democratization process, increasing access to search for both end users and potential search providers, has continued over several decades, through technologies like early online metered search services, enterprise search software, web search, and open source search tools. CloudSearch further reduces barriers to entry, allowing a person or organization to basically say "make my content searchable" and have it happen automatically. CloudSearch may also offer an opportunity to overcome the stagnation that has occurred in search user experiences over the past 15 years. When you no longer need to be a search expert to make your content available, you're not stuck with ten blue links. Instead, you can focus on providing the kind of interaction that makes sense for your application and your users. CloudSearch enables a flowering of search applications that need not be tied to the web, and an opportunity to explore new ways of interacting with information retrieval technology.