gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ProvTalk: Towards Interpretable Multi-level Provenance Analysis in Networking Functions Virtualization (NFV) (2022)

Network functions virtualization (NFV) enables agile deployment of network services on top of clouds. However, as NFV involves multiple levels of abstraction representing the same components, pinpointing the root cause of security incidents can become challenging. For instance, a security incident may be detected at a different level from where its root cause operations were conducted with no obvious link between the two. Moreover, existing provenance analysis techniques may produce results that are impractically large for human analysts to interpret due to the inherent complexity of NFV. In this paper, we propose ProvTalk, a provenance analysis system that handles the unique multi-level nature of NFV and assists the analyst to identify the root cause of security incidents. Specifically, we first define a multi-level provenance model to capture the dependencies between NFV levels. Next, we improve the interpretability through three novel techniques, i.e., multi-level pruning, mining-based aggregation, and rule-based natural language translation. We implement ProvTalk on a Tacker-OpenStack NFV platform and validate its effectiveness based on real-world security incidents. We demonstrate that ProvTalk captures management API calls issued to all NFV services, and produces more interpretable results by significantly reducing the size of the provenance graphs (about 3.6 times reduction via the multi-level pruning scheme and two times reduction via the aggregation scheme). Our user studies show that ProvTalk facilitates the analysis task of real-world users by generating more interpretable results.
High Volumetric Capacitance and Mechanisms of Electrochemical Charge Storage in Two-Dimensional Ti3C2-Based Mxene (2015)

MXenes, a recently discovered large family of two-dimensional (2D) early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, have shown much promise in electrochemical energy storage applications, such as battery and supercapacitor electrodes. Here we report on large volumetric capacitance and high rate capability of Ti 3 C 2 T x – the most studied MXene to date. Spontaneous intercalation of a variety of single- and multiply charged cations (such as Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ ) , together with highly reversible electrochemical insertion of the same cations, has been demonstrated for Ti 3 C 2 T x in aqueous electrolytes. Perfect capacitive behavior was observed for Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene even at quite high charge and discharge rates, contradicting to slow intercalation of ions in a specific potential range, which is usually observed in layered materials used in battery applications. In order to understand the mechanism of capacitive charge storage in MXenes, we performed characterization of the material using in-situ spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and other techniques.
Modeling of injection characteristics of polar and nonpolar III-nitride multiple quantum well structures (2010)

Carrier confinement and injection characteristics of polar and nonpolar III-nitride quantum well (QW) light-emitting diode or laser diode structures are compared. We demonstrate that strongly inhomogeneous QW injection in multiple-QW (MQW) active region is one of the possible reasons holding back the advance of nonpolar laser structures. In polar structures, strong interface polarization charges induce the nonuniform carrier distribution among the active QWs so that the extreme p-side QW always dominates the optical emission. On the contrary, in nonpolar MQW structures, the inhomogeneity of QW populations is supported mainly by QW residual charges and the prevailing QW is the one closest to the n-side of the diode. For both polar and nonpolar structures, the QW injection inhomogeneity is strongly affected by the QW carrier confinement and becomes more pronounced in longer wavelength emitters with deeper active QWs. We show that in nonpolar structures indium incorporation into optical waveguide layers improves the uniformity of QW injection. On the contrary, QW injection in polar structures remains inhomogeneous even at high-indium waveguide layer compositions. We show, however, that polarization-matched design of the electron-blocking layer can noticeably improve the injection uniformity in polar MQW structure and enhance the structure internal quantum efficiency.
Femtosecond passive mode locking of a solid-state laser by a dispersively balanced nonlinear interferometer (1991)

A Michelson interferometer containing a nonlinear fiber in one arm and dispersion control in the other arm has been used for passive mode locking of a continuous wave Nd:glass laser. We discuss scaling issues and demonstrate the usefulness of this technique by generating ≊300 fs pulses with only Pf≊15 mW of average power in the fiber and ≊100 fs pulses with a self-starting threshold of Pf≊100 mW.
Large-scale vehicle detection in challenging urban surveillance environments (2011)

We present a novel approach for vehicle detection in urban surveillance videos, capable of handling unstructured and crowded environments with large occlusions, different vehicle shapes, and environmental conditions such as lighting changes, rain, shadows, and reflections. This is achieved with virtually no manual labeling efforts. The system runs quite efficiently at an average of 66Hz on a conventional laptop computer. Our proposed approach relies on three key contributions: (1) a co-training scheme where data is automatically captured based on motion and shape cues and used to train a detector based on appearance information; (2) an occlusion handling technique based on synthetically generated training samples obtained through Poisson image reconstruction from image gradients; (3) massively parallel feature selection over multiple feature planes which allows the final detector to be more accurate and more efficient. We perform a comprehensive quantitative analysis to validate our approach, showing its usefulness in realistic urban surveillance settings.
Multivalency in CXCR4 chemokine receptor targeted iron oxide nanoparticles (2021)

The CXCR4 chemokine receptor is an important biomolecular target in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. In a new multivalent approach, iron oxide nanoparticles were conjugated with multiple binding units of a low affinity azamacrocylic CXCR4 antagonist. The silica coated nanostructure has good suspension stability, a mode size of 72 nm and high affinity for CXCR4, showing >98% inhibition of anti-CXCR4 mAb binding in a receptor binding competition assay on Jurkat cells.
Measurement of optical loss in nanophotonic waveguides using integrated cavities (2016)

Measurement of optical loss in nanophotonic waveguides is necessary for monitoring the properties of integrated photonic devices. We propose a simple method of measuring the optical loss using integrated nanocavities. It is shown theoretically that weak coupling between the waveguide and cavities leads to a direct estimation of the optical loss by measuring light radiated from the cavities. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate the optical loss in a fabricated photonic crystal waveguide. Our method gives not only a degree of freedom in real-time monitoring of the optical properties of nanophotonic structures, but it also can be used for various waveguide-based applications.
Spectral Analysis of the EEG as a Tool for Evaluating Expectancy Violations of Musical Contexts (1993)

The generation and updating of expectancies is a crucial process for our understanding and appreciation of music. We present evidence that the dynamic process of musical expectancy can be studied by using several electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters such as amplitude or coherence in various frequency bands between 1.5 and 31.5 Hz. At specific electrodes (amplitude parameter) or electrode pairs (coherence parameter), values of these parameters depend on how an established musical context is completed, that is, if the expectancy generated by the context is violated, the pattern of the brain's electrical activity differs significantly from when the expectancy is fulfilled. The various parameters are also sensitive to the ease with which subjects classify a musical resolution. In our study, musically trained subjects heard repeated trials consisting of cadence primes in various major keys and inversions. Each cadence resolved either to the tonic, the relative minor, or a chord based on the tonic of the most distantly related major key. The three resolutions represented the "best," an "ambiguous," and "worst" possible fulfillments of the expectancy (resolution to the tonic) generated by the priming cadence. In a "response" condition, subjects expressed a yes/no judgment of how well the resolution matched their expectancy of the best possible resolution; in a "no response" condition, subjects were asked to make the same judgment but no overt response was required. Analyses of variance snowed that reaction times, response accuracies, and some EEG parameters differed between the various resolutions. In addition to confirming that a form of expectancy operates in musical contexts, the results point towards the brain structures responsible for the processing of complex musical stimuli. In particular, EEG parameters changed not only at recording sites located above the auditory cortices, but also at sites above right frontal and parietal regions.
Inverse heat transfer analysis for design and control of a micro-heater array (2016)

A non-linear inverse heat source identification problem is described and solved. The inverse problem analysis is used in the design of an embedded micro-heater array and to estimate the required control settings, which are the input currents to each heating element, to generate as close as possible to a prescribed temperature profile on the surface of a thin copper film. The purpose of the micro-heater array is to control the local copper microstructure through control of the local temperature field. A finite element model of the micro-heater system is used to define a discrete set of non-linear equations used as a basis for the inverse problem solution. Two methods are explored to solve the inverse problem, a direct minimization method with Tikhonov regularization and a passivity-based feedback control algorithm. A uniform and a linear temperature distribution could be attained in the central region above the micro-heater array, but the temperatures near the edges of the domain could not be controlled due to heat loss at the edges. Thus, to control the temperature field over the full width of the domain, the heater array must extend beyond the domain of interest. Both methods to solve the inverse problem are found to perform well. The regularization method allows for a smoother solution, while the feedback control method is simpler as the coefficient matrix for which the update remains unchanged for each iteration.
High Viscosity Glass Sheet Fabrication (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Process Overview Soot Sheet Deposition Soot Sheet Sintering and Laser Trimming Experimental Results
Repairing Bugs in Python Assignments Using Large Language Models (2022)

Students often make mistakes on their introductory programming assignments as part of their learning process. Unfortunately, providing custom repairs for these mistakes can require a substantial amount of time and effort from class instructors. Automated program repair (APR) techniques can be used to synthesize such fixes. Prior work has explored the use of symbolic and neural techniques for APR in the education domain. Both types of approaches require either substantial engineering efforts or large amounts of data and training. We propose to use a large language model trained on code, such as Codex, to build an APR system -- MMAPR -- for introductory Python programming assignments. Our system can fix both syntactic and semantic mistakes by combining multi-modal prompts, iterative querying, test-case-based selection of few-shots, and program chunking. We evaluate MMAPR on 286 real student programs and compare to a baseline built by combining a state-of-the-art Python syntax repair engine, BIFI, and state-of-the-art Python semantic repair engine for student assignments, Refactory. We find that MMAPR can fix more programs and produce smaller patches on average.
miR-23b/SP1/c-myc forms a feed-forward loop supporting multiple myeloma cell growth (2016)

Deregulated microRNA (miR)/transcription factor (TF)-based networks represent a hallmark of cancer. We report here a novel c-Myc/miR-23b/Sp1 feed-forward loop with a critical role in multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) cell growth and survival. We have found miR-23b to be downregulated in MM and WM cells especially in the presence of components of the tumor bone marrow milieu. Promoter methylation is one mechanism of miR-23b suppression in myeloma. In gain-of-function studies using miR-23b mimics-transfected or in miR-23b-stably expressing MM and WM cell lines, we observed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and survival, along with induction of caspase-3/7 activity over time, thus supporting a tumor suppressor role for miR-23b. At the molecular level, miR-23b targeted Sp1 3'UTR and significantly reduced Sp1-driven nuclear factor-κB activity. Finally, c-Myc, an important oncogenic transcription factor known to stimulate MM cell proliferation, transcriptionally repressed miR-23b. Thus MYC-dependent miR-23b repression in myeloma cells may promote activation of oncogenic Sp1-mediated signaling, representing the first feed-forward loop with critical growth and survival role in myeloma.
Optical spectroscopic studies of the antitumor drug 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-9,10-anthracenedione(mitoxantrone) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical spectroscopic studies of the antitumor drug 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-9,10-anthracenedione(mitoxantrone)B. S. Lee and Prabir K. DuttaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 15, 5665–5672Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100352a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100352a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Using metrics to assess the ICC perceptual rendering intent (2010)

Increased interest in color management has resulted in more options for the user to choose between for their color management needs. We propose an evaluation process that uses metrics to assess the quality of ICC profiles, specifically for the perceptual rendering intent. The primary objective of the perceptual rendering intent, unlike the media-relative intent, is a preferred reproduction rather than an exact match. Profile vendors commonly quote a CIE &Delta;E*ab color difference to define the quality of a profile. With the perceptual rendering intent, this may or may not correlate to the preferred reproduction. For this work we compiled a comprehensive list of quality aspects, used to evaluate the perceptual rendering intent of an ICC printer profile. The aspects are used as tools to individually judge the different qualities that define the overall strength of profiles. The proposed workflow uses metrics to assess each aspect and delivers a relative comparison between different printer profile options. The aim of the research is to improve the current methods used to evaluate a printer profile, while reducing the amount of time required.
“Spin‐Stabilization” via Complex Formation; ESR Investigation of some Catecholamine‐Semiquinones (1981)

Autoxidation Products of biologically important catecholamines, e.g. (1)–(3), can be stabilized by complexation and detected in this form by ESR spectroscopy. Triorganotin and diorganothallium cations are suitable as complexing agents for the radical anions. The stability of the complexes enables, inter alia, conformational investigations in solution.
Preparation of vinyl acetate (2023)

This invention pertains to the preparation of vinyl acetate by contacting a mixture of hydrogen and ketene with a heterogeneous catalyst containing a transition metal to produce acetaldehyde, which is then reacted with ketene in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce vinyl acetate.
Isolation of enteric glia and establishment of transformed enteroglial cell lines from the myenteric plexus of adult rat (2001)

Although enteroglial cells (EGCs) may play a key role in the inflammatory response of the enteric nervous system, little is known about their immunophysiological properties. To facilitate further characterization of enteric glia, we have developed a novel method to isolate and purify EGCs from the myenteric plexus. Myenteric plexus preparations were enzymatically dissociated and EGCs purified by complement-mediated cytolysis of contaminating cells and transformed by retroviral gene transfer. Primary and transformed cells were characterized immunohistochemically and by dot-blot analysis. Functionally, c-fos mRNA expression was assessed in primary and transformed enteroglial cells. All cells displayed robust glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 and vimentin immunoreactivities, but no Thy-1.1, desmin, smooth muscle alpha-actin or C3 complement receptor immunoreactivity. This confirmed their enteroglial lineage and excluded contamination with other cell types. Both primary and transformed EGCs displayed little constitutive c-fos mRNA expression. This, however, could be upregulated by various stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines. In summary, we present a novel method to purify EGCs from rat myenteric plexus for tissue culture and to establish transformed EGC lines that retain their glial nature and functional properties. Such cell lines are now available for physiological studies of the functional properties of enteric glia in vitro.
Thermoelastic Damping in the Electrodes Determines $Q$ of AlN Contour Mode Resonators (2017)

This paper experimentally verifies the impact of thermoelastic damping (TED) in metal electrodes on the quality factor (Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ted</sub> ) of 1 GHz Aluminum Nitride (AlN) contour mode resonators (CMRs). A semianalytical approach that treats the electrodes as standard anelastic solids and models their displacement through a 1-D wave equation is followed to predict the dependence of Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ted</sub> on geometrical, thermal, and mechanical parameters. To verify Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ted</sub> experimentally, resonators having top electrodes with different coverage ratios (0.75, 0.5, 0.25) and materials (Au, Pt, Al), but identical vibrating body (made out of AlN) and anchor design have been fabricated and tested. Moreover, resonators having distinct electrode metals are measured under different temperature conditions ranging from 50 to 300 K. All the experiments follow the predicted trend, which confirm that TED can be considered as the main source of intrinsic material damping in AlN CMRs and the dominant damping mechanism when anchor losses are mitigated.
Some Domain Theory and Denotational Semantics in Coq (2009)

Abstract. We present a Coq formalization of constructive ω-cpos (extending earlier work by Paulin-Mohring) up to and including the inverselimit construction of solutions to mixed-variance recursive domain equations, and the existence of invariant relations on those solutions. We then define operational and denotational semantics for both a simplytyped CBV language with recursion and an untyped CBV language, and establish soundness and adequacy results in each case. 1
Full metal gate with borderless contact for 14 nm and beyond (2011)

Tungsten-based full metal gate (FMG) stacks that are equivalent to or better than metal-inserted poly-Si (MIPS) stack have been developed. These fully encapsulated FMG stacks enable borderless source/drain contacts needed for the 14 nm technology node and beyond, where the contacted gate pitch is expected to be less than 80 nm. Tungsten replaces gate salicidation with the sheet resistance ≤ 14 Ω/□. FMG stack show excellent T inv scaling (0.92 and 1.15 nm for NFET and PFET, respectively) and enhanced hole mobility by 20 % compared to MIPS gate stack. Fully integrated short channel devices and borderless contacts are demonstrated at 80 nm contacted gate pitch.
Design Techniques and Modeling for 60GHz Applications With a 65nm-CMOS-RF Technology (2008)

To exploit the unlicensed band at frequencies around 60 GHz, a certain number of design rules is considered. This paper highlights the difficulties to design a millimeter CMOS power amplifier (PA). A model of a compact inductor and interconnect lines is detailed. This model takes into account substrate and resistive parasitic. A 65 nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics has been used. Innovative techniques are implemented in the design of a power amplifier (PA) which is optimized to deliver the maximum linear output power. To obtain good performances in a small surface of silicon, it has been designed, with both lumped and distributed elements. The PA delivers a linear output power of 8.9 dBm with just an area of 0.48 mm*0.6 mm including pads.
Controlled Growth of ZnO Nanowires on Graphene surface (2012)

Graphene, a perfect two-dimensional (2D) and completely p-conjugated honeycomb network of carbon, can potentially be a platform to serve as a substrate for growth of semiconductor nanostructures. H ...
Tyrosine phosphatase TpbA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa controls extracellular DNA via cyclic diguanylic acid concentrations (2010)

Inactivating the tyrosine phosphatase TpbA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 induces biofilm formation by 150-fold via increased production of the second messenger cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP). Here, we show the tpbA mutation reduces extracellular DNA (eDNA) and that increased expression of tpbA increases eDNA; hence, eDNA is inversely proportional to c-di-GMP concentrations. Mutations in diguanylate cyclases PA0169, PA4959 and PA5487 and phosphodiesterase PA4781 corroborate this trend. The tpbA mutation also decreases cell lysis while overexpression of tpbA increases cell lysis. To further link c-di-GMP concentrations and eDNA, the gene encoding phosphodiesterase PA2133 was overexpressed which increased eDNA and decreased biofilm formation by decreasing c-di-GMP. Furthermore, the effect of the tpbB mutation along with the tpbA mutation was examined because loss of TpbB restored the phenotypes controlled by enhanced c-di-GMP in the tpbA mutant. The tpbA tpbB double mutations restored eDNA to that of the PA14 wild-type level. These findings suggest that c-di-GMP, rather than TpbA, controls eDNA. Hence, TpbA acts as a positive regulator of eDNA and cell lysis by reducing c-di-GMP concentrations.