gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seismic Detection of Fractures from Injection - A Field Example (2013)

Detection of fractures using geophysical methods has proven elusive. A significant amount of theory has been developed, however, convincing applications of the theory to observed data have been lacking. In this paper we show a clear example of seismic amplitude changes due to controlled fracturing from injection at the Alpine field in Alaska. We use the ability of time-lapse seismic data to remove the background medium so that seismic amplitude changes due to the creation of open fluid (gas or liquid) filled fracture systems are clearly exposed around injectors. Additionally we utilized rock-model-based seismic forward modelling to test against three different models of fractured media. We conclude that the Kuster-Toksoz randomly distributed fracture model is the most appropriate for Alpine. Using this model we are able to calibrate the fracture parameters (fracture pressure, fracture aspect ratio, and fracture porosity) to match observed data. Our results show that fracturing can introduce 4D velocity changes significantly larger than what would be expected from using velocity-pressure trends from core measurements alone. Finally, using time-lapse AVO modelling we show that at Alpine it may be possible to discriminate between gas- and oil/water-filled fractures.
Video S2 from ICOS Is an Indicator of T-cell–Mediated Response to Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Video S2: STING i.t group Day 2 PET image&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Imidazolidin‐2‐ones from Fused‐Ring Aziridines. (2012)

Abstract In continuation of an antibacterial discovery project, the ring‐opening/rearrangement reaction of bicyclic oxaziridines with primary amines and KOtBu is studied.
Corticosteroids as an Adjunct to Antibiotics and Surgical Drainage for the Treatment of Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis (2010)

Our data support the hypothesis that adding locally administered corticosteroids to the treatment regimen for pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis in a chicken model can significantly decrease loss of motion resulting from the infection. Furthermore, locally administered antibiotics may be effective for the treatment of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis.
Synthesis of (–)-ajmalicine from (–)-tryptophan (1984)

G. Massiot and T. Mulamba, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1984, 715 DOI: 10.1039/C39840000715
Maximum likelihood array processing for stochastic coherent sources (1996)

Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation in array signal processing for the stochastic noncoherent signal case is well documented in the literature. We focus on the equally relevant case of stochastic coherent signals. Explicit large-sample realizations are derived for the ML estimates of the noise power and the (singular) signal covariance matrix. The asymptotic properties of the estimates are examined, and some numerical examples are provided. In addition, we show the surprising fact that the ML estimates of the signal parameters obtained by ignoring the information that the sources are coherent coincide in large samples with the ML estimates obtained by exploiting the coherent source information. Thus, the ML signal parameter estimator derived for the noncoherent case (or its large-sample realizations) asymptotically achieves the lowest possible estimation error variance (corresponding to the coherent Cramer-Rao bound).
Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of one of the human glutamate receptor genes. (1991)

Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are classified on the basis of their activation by different agonists. The agonists kainate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxasolepropionic acid define a class of glutamate receptors termed kainate receptors. We have isolated and sequenced a human glutamate receptor (GluHI) cDNA and determined the chromosomal localization of its gene. The DNA sequence of GluHI would encode a 907-amino acid protein that has a 97% identity to one of the rodent kainate receptor subunits. Many of the changes between the predicted amino acid sequence of GluHI and the most similar rodent kainate receptor (GluRI) occur in a region of the protein encoded in rodents by an alternatively spliced exon. The extreme conservation between the human and rat kainate receptor subunits suggests that a similar gene family will encode human kainate receptors. The GluHI mRNA is widely expressed in human brain. The human gene encoding the GluHI subunit is located at 5q33. While the GluHI gene is not located near a chromosomal region associated with any human neurogenetic disorders, the homologous region on mouse chromosome 11 contains the sites of five neurologic mutations.
A MULTILAYER IN-PLACE LEARNING NETWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL INVARIANCES (2007)

Currently, there is a lack of general-purpose, in-place learning engines that incrementally learn multiple tasks, to develop "soft" multi-task-shared invariances in the intermediate internal representation while a developmental robot interacts with its environment. In-place learning is a biologically inspired concept, rooted in the genomic equivalence principle, meaning that each neuron is responsible for its own development while interacting with its environment. With in-place learning, there is no need for a separate learning network. Computationally, biologically inspired, in-place learning provides unusually efficient learning algorithms whose simplicity, low computational complexity, and generality are set apart from typical conventional learning algorithms. We present in this paper the multiple-layer in-place learning network (MILN) for this ambitious goal. As a key requirement for autonomous mental development, the network enables both unsupervised and supervised learning to occur concurrently, depending on whether motor supervision signals are available or not at the motor end (the last layer) during the agent's interactions with the environment. We present principles based on which MILN automatically develops invariant neurons in different layers and why such invariant neuronal clusters are important for learning later tasks in open-ended development. From sequentially sensed sensory streams, the proposed MILN incrementally develops a hierarchy of internal representations. The global invariance achieved through multi-layer invariances, with increasing invariance from early layers to the later layers. Experimental results with statistical performance measures are presented to show the effects of the principles.
Aria as drama: A sketch from Mozart's Der Schauspieldirektor (1990)

There are few opportunities to compare differing readings by Mozart of the same text. Except in his sacred music, Mozart rarely had occasion to return to texts that he had already set, and relatively few sketches, drafts or heavily revised autographs offer extended alternative versions of other settings. Although most of the surviving sketches and drafts for operas and other vocal pieces do not diverge significantly from the final versions, some of these preliminary materials reveal Mozart reconsidering a text-setting, and thus offer important glimpses into his dramatic imagination. Such is the case with a draft for ‘Da schlägt die Abschiedsstunde’, the first aria of Der Schauspieldirektor . The draft and final autograph present related yet significantly different conceptions of the same number, enabling us to examine Mozart's revision of one particular aria, and his reconciliation of an individual solo number with the larger dramatic argument of the opera.
GPS attitude determination for a JPALS testbed: Integer initialization and testing (2004)

An attitude-based search algorithm was implemented for initial ambiguity resolution and integer determination, and then tested on a three-element equilateral array with baselines of 0.5m. Running the initialization algorithm at every epoch, it was found that the search algorithm gave efficient and reliable integer solutions for a static antenna array, but was sensitive to errors in a dynamic environment in the absence of multi-epoch filtering or solution checking procedures. Incorporating knowledge of allowable array orientation into the search greatly increased execution speed and reduced spurious integer estimates. This paper reviews the fundamentals of multi-antenna GPS-based attitude determination, develops in detail a simple and efficient 3-D search algorithm, discusses tradeoffs between execution speed (search spacing), signal phase noise, and estimate reliability, and presents results from static and in-motion automotive testing. Based on these findings, the utility of integration between GPS and inertial systems for robust attitude determination cannot be overstated.
Corynebacterium urealyticum (CDC Group D 2 ) Associated with Staghorn Calculus: Treatment by Percutaneous Debulking and Chemolysis (1996)

We report the formation of a staghorn calculus in a transplanted kidney caused by infection with a urea-splitting Corynebacterium group D2 organism. The stone was debulked percutaneously followed by intravenous vancomycin administration and urinary acidification with oral acetohydroxamic acid, leading to clearance of nearly all of the stone.
Polymeric tandem organic light-emitting diodes using a self-organized interfacial layer (2008)

The authors have demonstrated efficient polymeric tandem organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a self-organized interfacial layer, which was formed by differences in chemical surface energy. Hydrophilic poly(styrene sulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS) was spin coated onto the hydrophobic poly(9,9-dyoctilfluorene) (PFO) surface and a PEDOT:PSS bubble or dome was built as an interfacial layer. The barrier heights of PEDOT:PSS and PFO in the two-unit tandem OLED induced a charge accumulation at the interface in the heterojunction and thereby created exciton recombination at a much higher level than in the one-unit reference. This effect was confirmed in both the hole only and the electron only devices.
Integration of Elemental and Molecular Imaging to Characterize Heterogeneous Inorganic Materials (1998)

Spatially resolved elemental and molecular information has been obtained for complex inorganic mixed-phase systems, including plutonium-contaminated ash samples, with the use of micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF), micro-Raman, and micro-infrared imaging spectroscopies. Approaches for spatially guided analysis and the combination of multispectral data sets to improve assignment of chemical composition are discussed for two heterogeneous materials. This novel integrated experimental approach provides the advantages of a very small sample size and the ability to correlate elemental analysis with molecular functional group analysis for species identification, as well as insight into chemical interactions in complex matrices.
Dietary administration of alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid induces CD4+ T cell activation and prolongs survival in murine rhabdomyosarcoma (2020)

Abstract Relapsed sarcomas remain essentially incurable for most children with cancer. Alpha-Tocopheryloxyacetic acid (αTEA) is a scalable semi-synthetic derivative of alpha-tocopherol that has shown promising activity preclinically and clinically in adult cancer, but has not yet been studied in pediatric sarcoma. We hypothesized that αTEA would mediate anti-tumor effects in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) by modulating the immunosuppressive milieu. Treatment of murine M3-9-M RMS in vitro with αTEA (2.5–100uM) resulted in increased apoptosis by flow cytometry (Annexin V+/7AAD+) and Incucyte analysis (Annexin V+) within 24 hours (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Using an established orthotopic luciferase+ M3-9-M in vivo RMS model, αTEA-supplemented chow administered for 21 days significantly reduced tumor volume (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and bioluminescence (p &amp;lt; 0.05) by 28 days, resulting in a significant prolongation of survival compared to matched control chow (p &amp;lt; 0.05), up to 4 weeks after the feed was stopped. Analysis of spleens from RMS mice fed αTEA-supplemented diets showed an increased percentage of Ki-67+ and IFNγ+CD4+ T cells (p &amp;lt; 0.01) at the end of treatment as compared to recipients of the control diet. In addition, a decrease in the percentage of CD11b+Arg-1+ (p &amp;lt; 0.01) and PD-L1+ (p &amp;lt; 0.05) cells within the spleen were observed in αTEA-treated RMS tumor-bearing mice. RNA-Seq analysis of RMS tumors is underway to explore changes in αTEA vs. control-treated mice. These results suggest that αTEA causes direct induction of apoptosis of RMS in vitro and in vivo, leading to prolonged survival through enhanced CD4+ T cell stimulation and reduced myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression in RMS-bearing mice. Further investigation of αTEA as an immunomodulating agent is warranted.
Effect of clofibrate on the chiral inversion of ibuprofen in healthy volunteers* (1998)

Clofibrate altered the stereoselective disposition of ibuprofen in healthy volunteers by increased formation of R-ibuprofenoyl-coenzyme A rather than by an effect on oxidative metabolism of ibuprofen. This interaction has potential therapeutic implications.
Co‐registered spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging system (2010)

Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging are two non-contact optical imaging technologies that provide images of tissue cellular and architectural morphology, which are both used for histopathological diagnosis. Although spectrally encoded confocal microscopy has better transverse resolution than optical frequency domain imaging, optical frequency domain imaging can penetrate deeper into tissues, which potentially enables the visualization of different morphologic features. We have developed a co-registered spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging system and have obtained preliminary images from human oesophageal biopsy samples to compare the capabilities of these imaging techniques for diagnosing oesophageal pathology.
MicroRNA-Detargeted Mengovirus for Oncolytic Virotherapy (2016)

The clinical potential of oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment has been well demonstrated, justifying the continued development of novel oncolytic viruses with enhanced potency. Here, we introduce mengovirus as a novel oncolytic agent. Mengovirus is appealing as an oncolytic virotherapy platform because of its small size, simple genome structure, rapid replication cycle, and broad cell/species tropism. However, mengovirus can cause encephalomyelitis and myocarditis. It can be partially attenuated by shortening the poly(C) tract in the 5' NCR but remains capable of damaging cardiac and nervous tissue. Here, we further enhanced the safety profile of a poly(C)-truncated mengovirus by incorporating muscle- and neuron-specific microRNA target sequences into the viral genome. This dual-detargeted virus has reduced pathogenesis but retained potent oncolytic activity. Our data show that microRNA targeting can be used to further increase the safety of an attenuated mengovirus, providing a basis for its development as an oncolytic platform.
[Mental retardation in children. Prevalence and etiology]. (1992)

The prevalence of mental retardation defined as IQ less than 70 has been estimated as ranging between 6.7-11.9 per thousand children in the Nordic countries. Etiological factors can be found in 80% of patients with severe mental retardation (IQ less than 50) and in 50% with mild mental retardation (IQ 50-70). Down's syndrome is the most common specific cause of mental retardation, followed by the Fragile X syndrome, which mainly affects boys. Since the middle of the 1980s Rett's syndrome has been recognized as the most frequent cause of progressive mental retardation in girls. Recent advances in the field of chromosomal disorders, metabolic diseases and clinical syndromes imply a need for new epidemiological research aimed at obtaining an updated picture of the heterogenous causes of mental retardation.
Family and individual line selection for palmitate, saturates, linolenate and seed yield of soybean (2000)

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes with reduced paimitate, stearate, and linolenate have been developed to improve the nutritional characteristics and oxidative stability of the seed oil. The reduction of paimitate and stearate in soybean is necessary to comply with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for vegetable oils that are labeled as being low in saturated fatty acids (U.S. FDA, 1994). The reduction of linolenate should improve the oxidative stability and reduce the formation of undesirable flavor compounds in the oil (Dutton at al., 1951; Smouse, 1979; Mounts et al., 1988; White and Miller, 1988). Plant-row-yield tests (PRYT) are used by soybean breeders for the initial yield evaluation of experimental lines. The highest yielding lines in the PRYT are advanced for evaluation in replicated tests. The objectives of this study were to compare the family and line methods of selection for reduced paimitate, paimitate stearate (saturates), linolenate, and for increased seed yield, determine the influence of the combination of reduced paimitate and linolenate on agronomic and seed traits, and determine the effectiveness of selecting lines from unreplicated plots. Four random Fs-derived lines from 21 F2 families from each of four populations were evaluated in a PRYT in 1995 and in replicated tests at four locations in 1996. For the family method, the mean paimitate, paimitate stearate (saturates), linolenate, and seed yield of the four Fs-derived lines of each F2 family was used to identify families from which to select individual lines. For the line method, lines were selected without regard to the family structure. The fatty ester contents or seed yield of the selected and unselected lines based on data from the PRYT were compared with their mean perfomnance in the 1996 environments. Selection of lines based on data from one 1996 environment was compared with their mean performance in the other three environments. The total number of lines selected by the family method was less than for the line method for all traits in the four populations. The percentage of selected lines that were correctly classified for ail traits was similar for both methods. There was a greater percentage of lines incorrectly rejected by the family method than by the line method for all traits. For development of cultivars with reduced paimitate, saturates, and linolenate, and with increased seed yield, breeding methods that rely on family performance
Effect of Eimeria tenella Infection on Resistance to Salmonella typhimurium Colonization in Broiler Chicks Inoculated with Anaerobic Cecal Flora and Fed Dietary Lactose (1994)

This study evaluated the effect of Eimeria tenella infection on Salmonella typhimurium colonization of broiler chicks following oral inoculation with anaerobic cecal flora either alone or with a treatment of 10% dietary lactose. The number of chicks colonized by S. typhimurium was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in groups inoculated with cecal flora with or without the dietary lactose treatment than in control groups. In addition, significantly fewer S. typhimurium organisms were isolated from the cecal contents of chicks inoculated with anaerobic cecal flora and treated with 10% dietary lactose than in the control chicks. Infection with E. tenella had no effect on the resistance of treated groups to S. typhimurium colonization of the ceca but did cause higher S. typhimurium colonization in the untreated control chicks. The results indicated that: A) anaerobic cecal flora given orally on the day of hatch to chicks with or without dietary lactose enhanced the resistance of the birds to Salmonella cecal colonization; and B) coccidial infection had no detrimental effect on this resistance to Salmonella colonization.
A multi-functional polyhydroxybutyrate nanoparticle for theranostic applications (2014)

Biopolymer-based multi-functional nanoparticles have been developed through a one-step enzymatic polymerization reaction using engineered polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a single chain variable fragment antibody (A33scFv) specific to colon cancer. PHA synthase possesses unique catalytic characteristics, namely covalent catalysis, by which the synthesized polyhydroxybutyrate chain remains covalently attached to the enzyme. The amphiphilic nature of the resulting protein-polymer hybrid gives rise to spontaneous self-assembly into a micellar structure with GFP and A33scFv displayed on the surface (AGPHB nanoparticle). A model compound, Nile red, was loaded into the hydrophobic core of the AGPHB nanoparticle during the polymerization and self-assembly process. The specificity of the fluorescent multi-functional AGPHB nanoparticle towards the colon cancer cell lines SW1222 (A33+) and HT29 (A33-) was confirmed and analysed quantitatively in vitro. This new biological approach provides a simple means of producing nanocarriers with a range of surface functionality and the sizes desired for imaging and targeted drug delivery.
Predicting the Grade of Dysplasia of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms Using Cyst Fluid DNA Methylation Markers (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Pancreatic cysts are common and pose diagnostic and management challenges. Pancreatic cyst fluid markers have the potential to aid in the management of cysts with concerning imaging findings. Our aim was to evaluate cyst fluid methylated DNA markers for their accuracy for predicting the histologic grade of neoplastic pancreatic cysts.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Pancreatic cyst fluid samples from 183 patients (29 discovery and 154 validation) aspirated after surgical resection were analyzed for methylated DNA at selected genes (<i>SOX17, BNIP3, FOXE1, PTCHD2, SLIT2, EYA4</i>, and <i>SFRP1</i>) using methylation-specific droplet-digital PCR (dd-QMSP). Methylated DNA levels were evaluated for their accuracy at predicting the grade of dysplasia of the pancreatic cyst.<b>Results:</b> All six markers evaluated in the validation set could accurately distinguish high-risk cystic neoplasms (with high-grade dysplasia and/or associated invasive cancer) from low-risk cysts (lower grades of dysplasia) with accuracies from 79.8% to 83.6%. Methylated <i>SOX17</i> had the highest overall accuracy as a single marker (sensitivity, 78.4%; specificity, 85.6%; accuracy 83.6%, cutoff; 25 methylated DNA molecules/μL cyst fluid). The best four-gene combination had 84.3% sensitivity, 89.4% specificity, and 88.0% accuracy at distinguishing cysts with high-grade dysplasia and/or invasive cancer from those without. All six markers were independent predictors of having invasive cancer/high-grade dysplasia after adjusting for clinical/imaging factors known to be associated with grade of dysplasia. The combination of methylated <i>SOX17</i> with cytology better predicted neoplastic grade than cytology alone.<b>Conclusions:</b> A panel of methylated gene markers quantified by dd-QMSP can be used to predict the grade of dysplasia of pancreatic cysts. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3935-44. ©2017 AACR</i>.