gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indium Tin Oxide-Free Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes (2017)

We demonstrated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) electrode-based small molecule organic solar cells (OSCs) using diketopyrrolopyrrole donor, DPP(TBFu) 2 as an electron donor with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) as an electron acceptor. SWNT films with 60% transmittance (at 550 nm) were dry-transferred onto glass substrates to replace conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. In order to improve the conductivity of the SWNT electrodes, MoO x thermal doping was applied followed by spin coating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) to enhance doping and electrode blocking function. The indium-free devices showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.00% while ITO-based devices showed a PCE of 3.79%.
Trimless, PVT Insensitive Voltage Reference Using Compensation of Beta and Thermal Voltage (2014)

A multiplication based CMOS process-insensitive voltage reference circuit is presented. The reference is generated by multiplying thermal voltage with forward current gain of parasitic BJT which exponentially varies with temperature. Exponential behavior of forward current gain produces inherent curvature correction. The voltage reference is designed for 152 mV. The proposed technique is analyzed theoretically and its results are compared with other methods. The circuit is designed and simulated in standard 180 nm mixed mode CMOS technology for low-cost and low-power applications. The circuit operates at minimum supply voltage of 1V with maximum drawn current of 9 μA. A temperature coefficient of 50 ppm/° C is achieved with line sensitivity of 0.11%/V. The proposed reference generator exhibits PSRR of -58.74 dB and -17.24 dB at 100 Hz and 1 MHz, respectively. The design scalability of the proposed topology is verified by reproducing almost identical performance in 90 nm mixed mode CMOS technology.
High performance 1.3μm InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers with low threshold current and negative characteristic temperature (2006)

A high-growth-temperature step used for the GaAs spacer layer is shown to significantly improve the performance of 1.3-&#956;m multilayer InAs/GaAs quantum-dot (QD) lasers. The high-growth-temperature spacer layer inhibits threading dislocation formation, resulting in enhanced electrical and optical characteristics and hence improved laser performance. The combination of high-growth-temperature GaAs spacer layers and high-reflectivity (HR) coated facets has been utilized to further reduce the threshold current and threshold current density (<i>J<sub>th</sub></i>) for 1.3-&#956;m InAs/GaAs QD lasers. Very low continuous-wave room-temperature threshold current of 1.5 mA and a threshold current density of 18.8 A/cm<sup>2</sup> are achieved for a 3-layer device with a 1-mm long HR/HR cavity. For a 2-mm cavity the continuous-wave threshold current density is as low as 17 A/cm<sup>2</sup> at room temperature for an HR/HR device. An output power as high as 100 mW is obtained for a device with HR/cleaved facets. The high-growth-temperature spacer layers have only a relatively small effect on the temperature stability of the threshold current above room temperature. To further increase the characteristic temperature (<i>T<sub>0</sub></i>) of the QD lasers, 1.3-&#956;m InAs/GaAs QD lasers incorporating p-type modulation doping have been grown and studied. A negative <i>T<sub>0</sub></i> and <i>J<sub>th</sub></i> of 48 A/cm<sup>-2</sup> at room temperature have been obtained by combining the high-growth-temperature GaAs spacer layers with the p-type modulation doping of the QDs.
Abstract IA09: Single cell RNA-sequencing of circulating tumor cells (2016)

Abstract Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood allows noninvasive tumor sampling from patients with cancer. Molecular analysis of single CTCs may uncover heterogeneous cellular pathways that underlie disease progression and resistance to therapy. Using a microfluidic device, we isolated individual CTCs from patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Single candidate CTCs were micromanipulated after cell surface staining for epithelial (EpCAM) and mesenchymal (CDH11) markers, and then subjected to single cell RNA-sequencing. Digital gene expression profiles of lineage-confirmed CTCs were compared with each other, with primary prostate tumors, and with annotated markers of cellular signaling pathways. Single prostate CTCs displayed considerable heterogeneity in transcriptional profiles, but clustered according to patient of origin, indicating higher diversity in CTCs across different individuals (mean correlation 0.10 for CTCs within patients vs. 0.0014 for CTCs across patients, P=2.0x10E-11). Compared to primary tumors, CTCs were significantly enriched in 37 molecular pathways (FDR &amp;lt;0.1), with the majority implicated in growth factor, cell adhesion, and hormone signaling. Gene mutations and alternative splice variants of the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene were rare in primary prostate tumors and CTCs from untreated patients, but were prevalent in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Distinct AR variants, including AR-V7, were present within different cells of individual patients, as well as within individual CTCs. Together, single cell molecular analysis of human CTCs points to multiple mechanisms of drug resistance in advanced prostate cancer, and suggests the role of heterogeneous signaling pathways that cooperate with co-existing abnormalities in AR in mediating disease progression. Citation Format: David T. Miyamoto, Yu Zheng, Ben S. Wittner, Richard J. Lee, Huili Zhu, Katherine T. Broderick, Rushil Desai, Brian W. Brannigan, Kshitij S. Arora, Douglas M. Dahl, Lecia V. Sequist, Matthew R. Smith, Ravi Kapur, Chin-Lee Wu, Toshi Shioda, Sridhar Ramaswamy, David T. Ting, Mehmet Toner, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daniel A. Haber. Single cell RNA-sequencing of circulating tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Integrating Clinical Genomics and Cancer Therapy; Jun 13-16, 2015; Salt Lake City, UT. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(1_Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
New design waveguides for adiabatic directional full couplers (2004)

Three new design waveguides for adiabatic directional full couplers are studied. We theoretically and numerically show that the performance of new full couplers is improved. Whe the length of the coupler is 4mm (the minimum local beat length is 2mm) at 1.57&mu;m wavelength, the crosstalk is smaller than -35dB. For the length of the coupler is 4mm, the crosstalk is smaller than -20dB in the 1.5&mu;m ~ 1.7&mu;m range. For the length of the couplers is 7mm, we find that the crosstalk is smaller than -35dB in the 1.5&mu;m ~ 1.7&mu;m range. The same as the requirement of the maximum crosstalk, the corresponding wavelength is between 1.42&mu;m to 1.7&mu;m when the lenght of the couplers is 12mm.
Adalimumab for Crohnʼs disease in clinical practice at Mayo clinic: The first 118 patients (2010)

Adalimumab was both effective and well tolerated for the treatment of CD in this tertiary practice with a high prevalence of past infliximab exposure. This experience largely predates FDA approval of adalimumab for CD.
A decentralized approach to generalized power system state estimation (2013)

Distributed generation and the urge for a more efficient grid operation will increase the frequency of network topology reconfigurations in tomorrow's power grids. High-throughput synchrophasor and intelligent electronic device readings provide unprecedented instrumentation capabilities for generalized state estimation (GSE), which deals with identifying the power system state jointly with its network topology. This task is critically challenged by the complexity scale of a grid interconnection, especially under the detailed GSE model. Upon modifying the original GSE cost by block-sparsity promoting regularizers, a decentralized solver with enhanced circuit breaker verification capabilities is developed. Built on the alternating direction method of multipliers, the novel method maintains compatibility with existing solvers and requires minimum information exchanges across the control centers of neighboring power grids. Numerical tests on an extended IEEE 14-bus model corroborate the effectiveness of the novel approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Analysis of a Sulfur Dioxide Analogue of Triamterene. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measurement of the atmospheric muon rate with the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon TPC (2021)

Abstract is a near-surface liquid argon (LAr) time projection chamber (TPC) located at Fermilab. We measure muons originating from cosmic interactions in the atmosphere using both the charge collection and light readout detectors. The data is compared with the cosmic-ray simulation. Agreement is found between the observation, simulation and previous results. Furthermore, the angular resolution of the reconstructed muons inside the TPC is studied in simulation.
Effect of Carbon Monoxide on the Sintering of SiC Whisker-Zirconia Composite (1987)

Reaction between silicon carbide and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powders, ZrO2+3/2SiC=ZrC+3/2SiO(g)+1/2CO(g), was appreciable above 1400°C in argon atmospheres. The reaction was suppressed by adding an appropriate amount of carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. This finding was applied to the pressureless sintering of SiC whisker-YSZ composites. In CO (33%)-Ar atmosphere, 5vol% SiC whisker-YSZ composite densified to 97% theoretical density by pressureless sintering at 1550°C for 1h. At higher whisker contents, however, the sintered density of composite decreased with increasing whisker content in the same firing atmosphere, due to the formation of network structure by SiC whisker.
[Cosegregation studies in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. (1993)

SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) is the most popular genetic hypertensive model rat. Using the F2 progeny obtained from SHR and normotensive rats, for example, WKY (Wistar-Kyoto rat), many cosegregation studies to find the genes responsible for blood pressure have been done. In this review, we present some studies using F2 rats concerning candidate genes, renin, kallikrein, sodium potassium-ATPase, heat shock protein 70, angiotensin converting enzyme, phospholipase C-delta 1 and SA gene to show whether these genes really associate with blood pressure. We discuss the signification of these genes in the process of producing SHR and stroke-prone SHR from WKY. We hope these studies will lead to identify the mechanism of human essential hypertension.
Hierarchical motion estimation algorithm using reliable motion adoption (2010)

An enhanced hierarchical method for true motion estimation is presented that not only produces consistent motion vectors within each large object but also accurately estimates the motion of small objects. Experimental results show that a frame interpolation method provided with the motion fields of the proposed algorithm achieves average PSNR improvements of 1.2–2.3 dB for interpolated frames as compared with those of conventional algorithms.
Interactive Java applets for power electronics E-learning (2006)

Due to the high nonlinearity and the mathematical complexity of power electronics circuits, their analysis has become more infeasible to describe. Power Electronics Education is a daunting, challenging task and many undergraduate students find it very difficult to grasp the basic concepts of many power electronics circuits and understand their physical and operational modes. In this paper, an interactive power electronics teaching Web site is proposed and, three main Web pages are developed for students, instructors and interactive Java Applets. Interactive online materials are posted for both students and instructors including lecture nodes, simulation problems, examples and exercises, textbook presentations, and online exams. A feedback form is used to get the input of students and instructors on the Web site. Interactive applets are developed for 29 power electronics circuits to help students better understand the circuit behavior under certain circuit parameters variations. Exact steady state waveforms are plotted with flexibility to have students change different circuit parameters and observe the circuit response in an interactive manner. This project represents the first phase in the development of interactive sites in power electronics education. The current Web site is located at www.batarseh.org. Phase two will focus on closed loop response and dynamic modeling, and phase three will emphasize on the system design of power electronic circuits. © 2005 IEEE.
Metallocene–methylaluminoxane catalyst for olefin polymerization. II. Bis‐η5‐(neomenthyl cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride (1988)

Abstract Bis(neomenthyl cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride/methyl aluminoxane (η 5 ‐(NMCp) 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO) catalyst has been investigated for ethylene polymerization. About 51% of the Zr forms active sites more or less instantaneously according to quenching with tritiated methanol. There is an initial drop of rate of polymerization, R p , of about 30% which remains constant thereafter. The catalytic activity increases monotonically with temperature; it is proportional to [MAO] 1.75 at a constant [Zr] = 1.5 μM and proportional to [Zr] −1.2 at a constant [MAO] = 64.5 m M . At very large [MAO]/[Zr], the catalyst has extremely high activity; κ p = 5 × 10 3 (Ms) −1 at 50°C. There is also facile chain transfer to aluminum, κ = 0.14 s −1 at 50°C. Both κ p and κ are about 30 times greater than the corresponding rate constants for MgCl 2 supported TiCl 3 catalysts. The TiCl 3 /MgCl 2 and (NMCp) 2 /MAO catalysts have nearly the same activation energy for propagation (ca. 7 kcal/mol −1 ). The higher activity of the latter is due to its larger preexponential factor in κ p . The dependence of catalytic activity on the [MAO]/[Zr] ratio may be explained by rapid association‐dissociation equilibria of MAO involving acid‐base and/or electron deficient bridge complexation.
EUROVISCO Good Practice Recommendations for a First Viscosupplementation in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis (2022)

These recommendations, illustrated in a decision algorithm, have been established to help practitioners in the decision-making of knee VS.
Phosphonic Acid Modification of the Electron Selective Contact: Interfacial Effects in Perovskite Solar Cells (2019)

The role electron-transport layers (ETLs) play in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still widely debated. Conduction band alignment at the perovskite/ETL interface has been suggested to be an important role for the performance of the solar cells. However, little is known about the effects of work-function shifts on the solar-cell performance, and specifically, the open-circuit voltage (VOC). Here, the effects of surface modification of SnO2 ETLs using polar phosphonic acids are investigated, including the effects on work function, surface energy, device performance, and device stability in inert atmosphere. The phosphonic acid modifications did not have a large effect on VOC; however, a sharp decrease in the overall device performance was found, mostly due to reduced fill factors. When exposed to conditions of low oxygen concentration, the phosphonic acid surface modified devices yielded current–voltage (J–V) curves with considerably lower hysteresis than those based on unmodified SnO2. This suggests that this modification method may be valuable for achieving stabilized power conversion efficiency without hysteresis.
Analysis of QTL DM4.1 for Downy Mildew Resistance in Cucumber Reveals Multiple subQTL: A Novel RLK as Candidate Gene for the Most Important subQTL (2020)

One of the biggest problems in cucumber cultivation is cucurbit downy mildew (DM), caused by the obligate biotroph <i>Pseudoperonospora cubensis</i>. Whereas DM in cucumber was previously efficiently controlled by the <i>dm-1</i> gene from Indian cucumber accession PI 197087, this resistance was broken by new DM strains, prompting the search for novel sources of resistance. A promising source of resistance is the wild cucumber accession PI 197088. It was previously shown that DM resistance in this genotype inherits polygenically. In this paper, we put the focus on one of the QTL, DM4.1 that is located on chromosome 4. QTL DM4.1 was shown to consist of three subQTL: DM4.1.1 affected pathogen-induced necrosis, DM4.1.2 was shown to have an additive effect on sporulation, and DM4.1.3 had a recessive effect on chlorosis as well as an effect on sporulation. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) were produced by introgressing the subQTLs into a susceptible cucumber line (HS279) with good horticultural traits. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that many genes in general, and defense pathway genes in particular, were differentially expressed in NIL DM4.1.1/.2 compared to NIL DM4.1.3 and the susceptible parent HS279. This indicates that the resistance from subQTL DM4.1.1 and/or subQTL DM4.1.2 likely involves defense signaling pathways, whereas resistance due to subQTL DM4.1.3 is more likely to be independent of known defense pathways. Based on fine-mapping data, we identified the <i>RLK</i> gene <i>CsLRK10L2</i> as a likely candidate for subQTL DM4.1.2, as this gene was found to have a loss-of-function mutation in the susceptible parent HS279, and was strongly upregulated by <i>P. cubensis</i> inoculation in NIL DM4.1.1/.2. Heterologous expression of this gene triggered necrosis, providing further evidence that this gene is indeed causal for subQTL DM4.1.2.
A microfluidic wound-healing assay for quantifying endothelial cell migration (2009)

Endothelial migration is an important process in the formation of blood vessels and the repair of damaged tissue. To study this process in the laboratory, versatile and reliable migration assays are essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the microfluidic version of the conventional wound-healing assay is a useful research tool for vascular science. Endothelial cells were seeded in a 500-mum-wide microfluidic channel. After overnight incubation, cells had formed a viable and confluent monolayer. Then, a wound was generated in this monolayer by flushing the channel with three parallel fluid streams, of which the middle one contained the protease trypsin. By analyzing the closing of the wound over time, endothelial cell migration could be measured. Although the migration rate was two times lower in the microfluidic assay than in the conventional assay, an identical 1.5-times increase in migration rate was found in both assays when vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)) was added. In the microfluidic wound-healing assay, a stable gradient of VEGF(165) could be generated at the wound edge. This led to a two-times increase in migration rate compared with the untreated control. Finally, when a shear stress of 1.3 Pa was applied to the wound, the migration rate increased 1.8 times. In conclusion, the microfluidic assay is a solid alternative for the conventional wound-healing assay when endothelial cell migration is measured. Moreover, it offers unique advantages, such as gradient generation and application of shear stress.
Time-reversal focusing in a range-dependent ocean (2005)

Shallow water time-reversal focusing has been successfully applied in ultrasonic laboratory experiments as well as in the ocean. For simplicity the ocean is usually considered as a range-independent waveguide. As a consequence, an omnidirectional vertical time-reversal array should refocus the wave not only at the source but also on a ring surrounding the array. In a real environment, the ocean bottom may be sloping. In this work, the influence of a slight inclination of the ocean bottom is studied. We show that the symmetry breaking yields an additional focusing in azimuth. We present ultrasonic experiments, which are well supported by a theoretical model based on modal decomposition and a stationary phase approach. The shape of the focal region in depth, range and azimuth is determined. The experiments are carried out in a water tank, at a central frequency of 3 MHz. The height of the waveguide ranges between 10 mm and 13.5 mm, its length is 500 mm. The inclination of the bottom is controlled by a step motor. A piezoelectric array is used to perform the TR operation. A needle hydrophone is used to check the accuracy of focusing. In the theoretical approach, the nature of the bottom can be taken into account, which is shown to significantly change the results. This is confirmed by numerical simulations performed in a realistic ocean environment.
Side-chain conjugated polymers for use in the active layers of hybrid semiconducting polymer/quantum dot light emitting diodes (2015)

Three monomers,<bold>M1–M3</bold>, with modified carbazole cores and styrene functionality were polymerized by RAFT. The polymers were then used in the active layers of hybrid polymer/quantum dot light emitting diodes.
Chasing a latent CDM ESD failure by unconventional FA methodology (2012)

A hard-to-detect functional CDM ESD failure caused by an obscure charge trapping phenomenon on an advanced CMOS IC is described while no physical damage was evident. Advancing failure analysis method by localized thermal LASER annealing and applying analytical ESD test plan led to successful localization of the root cause.
Second Harmonic Injection-Based Recovery Control of PV DC Boosting Integration System (2020)

The photovoltaic (PV) DC boosting integration system should have ability of low-voltage ride through (LVRT). Normally, the LVRT controls of whole system require DC/DC converters to switch off the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control when the AC voltage surges. However, DC/DC converters are difficult to automatically switch back to their original MPPT control for some disturbances which cause small voltage variations. In this article, a recovery control strategy based on inverter second harmonic injection is proposed. By modifying the negative sequence current reference of converter, the second harmonic is actively injected to the system in a short time when the disturbance disappears, then DC/DC converters can switch back to the MPPT control in time by monitoring the amplitude of DC voltage second harmonic component without additional communications between them. In addition, the threshold settings of second harmonic voltage are investigated. The simulation results show that the control strategy of DC/DC converters can reliably and quickly switch back to MPPT after the disturbance disappears under various grid fault types. The proposed method effectively improves the power generation efficiency of PVs during grid disturbances.
Mobile ad hoc networking and the IETF (2002)

This article is part of a continuing series to discuss ongoing activities within the mobile ad hoc networking (manet) working group (WG) of the IETF. This article provides a brief overview of recent events.