gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NITROGEN ALLOCATION AND STORAGE PATTERNS IN GRACILARIA TIKVAHIAE (RHODOPHYTA)1 (1982)

ABSTRACT Internal nitrogen pools in thalli of Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan were examined in three experiments as a function of total nitrogen content of the thallus, nitrogen deprivation, and nitrogen resupply. Amino acids and proteins appeared to form the major nitrogen storage pools in G. tikvahiae , while DNA appeared to be relatively unimportant in this regard. Inorganic nitrogen in the forms of NH 4 + and NO 3 − was found in the thalli; however, its contribution to the total nitrogen, pools was small. Within the protein pool, the phycoerythrin pigments appear important as a source of nitrogen when thalli are initially becoming nitrogen limited. In general, there was an inverse relationship between the levels of nitrogen and the carbohydrate content of the algal thalli.
Blocking IL-1β reverses the immunosuppression in mouse breast cancer and synergizes with anti–PD-1 for tumor abrogation (2018)

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is abundant in the tumor microenvironment, where this cytokine can promote tumor growth, but also antitumor activities. We studied IL-1β during early tumor progression using a model of orthotopically introduced 4T1 breast cancer cells. Whereas there is tumor progression and spontaneous metastasis in wild-type (WT) mice, in IL-1β-deficient mice, tumors begin to grow but subsequently regress. This change is due to recruitment and differentiation of inflammatory monocytes in the tumor microenvironment. In WT mice, macrophages heavily infiltrate tumors, but in IL-1β-deficient mice, low levels of the chemokine CCL2 hamper recruitment of monocytes and, together with low levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), inhibit their differentiation into macrophages. The low levels of macrophages in IL-1β-deficient mice result in a relatively high percentage of CD11b<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumors. In WT mice, IL-10 secretion from macrophages is dominant and induces immunosuppression and tumor progression; in contrast, in IL-1β-deficient mice, IL-12 secretion by CD11b<sup>+</sup> DCs prevails and supports antitumor immunity. The antitumor immunity in IL-1β-deficient mice includes activated CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme B; these cells infiltrate tumors and induce regression. WT mice with 4T1 tumors were treated with either anti-IL-1β or anti-PD-1 Abs, each of which resulted in partial growth inhibition. However, treating mice first with anti-IL-1β Abs followed by anti-PD-1 Abs completely abrogated tumor progression. These data define microenvironmental IL-1β as a master cytokine in tumor progression. In addition to reducing tumor progression, blocking IL-1β facilitates checkpoint inhibition.
Placement Planning for Sound Source Tracking in Active Drone Audition (2023)

This paper addresses a placement planning method for drones to improve the performance of source tracking by multiple drones equipped with microphone arrays. By equipping the drone with a microphone array, the drone will be able to locate the person in need of rescue, and by deploying multiple drones, the 3D location of the sound source can be estimated. However, effective drone placement for sound source tracking has not been well explored. Therefore, this paper proposes a new drone placement planning method to improve the performance of sound source tracking. By placing multiple drones close to the sound source with multiple angles, it is expected that tracking will be performed with small variance. The placement planning algorithm is also extended to be applicable to multiple sound sources. Through numerical simulations, it is confirmed that the proposed method reduces the sound source tracking error. In conclusion, the contribution of this research is to extend the field of drone audition to active drone audition that allows drones to move by themselves to achieve better tracking results.
IPv6 次世代インターネット・プロトコル (1997)

第１章 はじめに 第２章 ＩＰｖ６の設計 第３章 経路制御とアドレス構造 第４章 プラグ＆プレイ 第５章 セキュリティ機能の導入 第６章 実時間処理とフロー・ラベル 第７章 インターネットの移行 第８章 暫定的な結論
Propagating constants past software to hardware peripherals in fixed-application embedded systems (2001)

Many embedded systems include a microprocessor that executes a single program for the lifetime of the system. These programs often contain constants used to initialize control registers in peripheral hardware components. Now that peripherals are often purchased in intellectual property (core) form and synthesized along with the microprocessor onto a single chip, new optimization opportunities exist. We introduce one such optimization, which involves propagating the initialization constants past the microprocessor to the peripheral, such that synthesis can further propagate the constants inside the peripheral core. While constant propagation in synthesis tools is commonly done, this work illustrates the benefits of recognizing initialization constants from the software as really being constants for hardware. We describe results that demonstrate 23 times reductions in peripheral size, and 10.30% savings in power, on several common peripheral examples.
INFRARED PHOTOMETRY OF b PICTORIS TYPE SYSTEMS S. B. FAJARDO-ACOSTA1 (1998)

We obtained small-aperture (4AE5A diameter) infrared (2E20 km) photometry of 10 early-type main- sequence stars with infrared excesses from circumstellar dust. These systems possibly exemplify the b Pictoris phenomenon. We observed them with either the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center bolometer array camera ( Big Mac II) or the Infrared Telescope Facility 2E30 km single-channel bolometer system. Measurements were obtained in the KL MNQ -lters and the narrowband (*j B 1 km) 10 km silicate II -lters. We -tted Kurucz photospheric models to the photometric data to determine excess-emission spectra. We report the nondetection of small-aperture circumstellar dust emission from HR 10 and 21 LMi. We con-rmed previous nondetections of near-infrared or 10 km excess emission from 68 Oph, a PsA, and HR 4796A. We did not detect prominent silicate emission from any of the sources. The spectra of c Oph, p Her, HR 2174A, b UMa, and f Lep show weak 10 km excesses. We -tted simple models to these data, together with IRAS excess Nuxes, to determine plausible distributions of temperature and density of circumstellar dust grains. Signi-cant quantities of these grains around HR 2174A, f Lep, and b UMa are at temperatures similar to terrestrial material in the solar system.
Long Term Persistence of Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific CD8+ CTL in Persons with Frequently Recurring Genital Herpes (2000)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes a lifelong infection in humans. Reactivation of latent virus occurs intermittently so that the immune system is frequently exposed to viral Ag, providing an opportunity to evaluate memory T cells to a persistent human pathogen. We studied the persistence of genital herpes lesion-derived HSV-specific CD8+ CTL from three immunocompetent individuals with frequently recurring genital HSV-2 infection. All CTL clones were HSV-2 type specific and only one to three unique clonotypes were identified from any single biopsy specimen. The TCRBV genes utilized by these clonotypes were sequenced, and clonotype-specific probes were used to longitudinally track these clonotypes in PBMC and genital lesions. CTL clonotypes were consistently detected in PBMC and lesions for at least 2 and up to 7 years, and identical clonotypes infiltrated herpes lesions spaced as long as 7.5 years apart. Moreover, these clones were functionally lytic in vivo over these time periods. Additionally, CTL clones killed target cells infected with autologous viral isolates obtained 6.5 years after CTL clones were established, suggesting that selective pressure by these CTL did not result in the mutation of CTL epitopes. Thus, HSV recurs in the face of persistent CD8+ CTL with no evidence of clonal exhaustion or mutation of CTL epitopes as mechanisms of viral persistence.
Zone plate array generating uniform spots for optical parallel processing (1993)

A design and fabrication procedures of a two dimensional zone plate array (Z.P.A.),generating uniform spots,considering intensity distribution of a Gaussian beam is proposed. The focusing characteristics are investigated both experimentally and analytically using a ray tracing. As possible application of the Z.P.A., multiple imaging system for parallel signal processing is discussed.
Protein–Protein Interactions in Solution and Their Interplay with Protein Specific Functions (2012)

We summarize recent developments of our small angle scattering studies on protein–protein interactions in solution. We have been focusing especially on representative proteins that function at exceptionally high concentration in human body, whose collective nature, rather than a specialized function of an isolated single molecule, plays an important role for their specific biological functions; for instance, human serum albumin (HSA), actin, and human hemoglobin (Hb). We use a static structure factor analysis, which offers information about spatial distributions of the proteins, as well as a Fourier inversion technique for the form factor, giving a real-space picture of the protein assemblies.
Structure-preserving spectral reflectance estimation using guided filtering (2020)

Light spectra are a very important source of information for diverse classification problems, e.g., for discrimination of materials. To lower the cost of acquiring this information, multispectral cameras are used. Several techniques exist for estimating light spectra out of multispectral images by exploiting properties about the spectrum. Unfortunately, especially when capturing multispectral videos, the images are heavily affected by noise due to the nature of limited exposure times in videos. Therefore, models that explicitly try to lower the influence of noise on the reconstructed spectrum are highly desirable. Hence, a novel reconstruction algorithm is presented. This novel estimation method is based on the guided filtering technique that preserves basic structures, while using spatial information to reduce the influence of noise. The evaluation based on spectra of natural images reveals that this new technique yields better quantitative and subjective results in noisy scenarios than other state-of-the-art spatial reconstruction methods. Specifically, the proposed algorithm lowers the mean squared error and the spectral angle up to 46% and 35% in noisy scenarios, respectively. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed reconstruction technique works out of the box and does not need any calibration or training by reconstructing spectra from a real-world multispectral camera with nine channels.
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR‐1) supports growth and survival of human breast carcinoma (2006)

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) is present on endothelial cells and subsets of human tumor cells, raising the hypothesis that angiogenic factors may promote tumor growth both by inducing angiogenesis and directly signaling through activation of VEGFR-1 on tumor cells. Here, we report that VEGFR-1 is expressed on a panel of 16 human breast tumor cell lines, and the vasculature and the tumor cell compartment of a subset of breast carcinoma lesions, and that selective signaling through VEGFR-1 on breast cancer cells supports tumor growth through downstream activation of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or Akt pathways. Ligand-stimulated proliferation of breast tumor cells was inhibited by specific blockade with an anti-VEGFR-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Treatment with anti-VEGFR-1 mAb significantly suppressed the growth of DU4475, MCF-7, BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 breast xenografts in athymic mice. Histological examination of anti-VEGFR-1 mAb treated tumor xenografts showed a significant reduction of activation of the p44/42 MAPK or Akt pathways in tumor cells resulting in an increase in tumor cell apoptosis. Importantly, cotreatment with mAbs targeting human VEGFR-1 on tumor cells and murine VEGFR-1 on vasculature led to more potent growth inhibition of breast tumor xenografts. The results suggest that VEGF receptors may not only modulate angiogenesis, but also directly influence the growth of VEGF receptor expressing tumors.
Ligand-induced activation of human TRPM2 requires the terminal ribose of ADPR and involves Arg1433 and Tyr1349 (2017)

TRPM2 (transient receptor potential channel, subfamily melastatin, member 2) is a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-permeable non-selective cation channel activated by the binding of adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADPR) to its cytoplasmic NUDT9H domain (NUDT9 homology domain). Activation of TRPM2 by ADPR downstream of oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, rendering TRPM2 an attractive novel target for pharmacological intervention. However, the structural basis underlying this activation is largely unknown. Since ADP (adenosine 5'-diphosphate) alone did not activate or antagonize the channel, we used a chemical biology approach employing synthetic analogues to focus on the role of the ADPR terminal ribose. All novel ADPR derivatives modified in the terminal ribose, including that with the seemingly minor change of methylating the anomeric-OH, abolished agonist activity at TRPM2. Antagonist activity improved as the terminal substituent increasingly resembled the natural ribose, indicating that gating by ADPR might require specific interactions between hydroxyl groups of the terminal ribose and the NUDT9H domain. By mutating amino acid residues of the NUDT9H domain, predicted by modelling and docking to interact with the terminal ribose, we demonstrate that abrogating hydrogen bonding of the amino acids Arg1433 and Tyr1349 interferes with activation of the channel by ADPR. Taken together, using the complementary experimental approaches of chemical modification of the ligand and site-directed mutagenesis of TRPM2, we demonstrate that channel activation critically depends on hydrogen bonding of Arg1433 and Tyr1349 with the terminal ribose. Our findings allow for a more rational design of novel TRPM2 antagonists that may ultimately lead to compounds of therapeutic potential.
Can we attenuate ischaemia-reperfusion injury of allografts in a porcine left lung transplant models by adsorption of cytokines? (2022)

In our porcine left LTx model cytokine filtration did not achieve the intended effect. This is in contrast to previous studies with CytoSorb use during ex vivo lung perfusion as a surrogate LTx model. Our findings might highlight the fact that the theoretical benefit of inserting an additional cytokine adsorber to improve graft function in clinical practice should be critically evaluated with further studies.
A 17–95.6 TOPS/W Deep Learning Inference Accelerator with Per-Vector Scaled 4-bit Quantization for Transformers in 5nm (2022)

We present a deep neural network (DNN) accelerator designed for efficient execution of transformer-based DNNs, which have become ubiquitous for natural language processing tasks. DNN inference accelerators often employ specialized hardware techniques such as reduced precision to improve energy efficiency, but many of these techniques result in catastrophic accuracy loss on transformers. The proposed accelerator supports per-vector scaled quantization and approximate softmax to enable the use of 4-bit arithmetic with little accuracy loss. The 5nm prototype achieves 95.6 TOPS/W in benchmarking and 1711 inferences/s/W with only 0.7% accuracy loss on BERT, demonstrating a practical accelerator design for energy-efficient inference with transformers.
Papulosquamous disorders (2021)

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated, inflammatory disease mainly involving the skin, nails and joints pathogenetically related to both genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence rate among dark-skinned populations varies according to the countries, yet it is generally lower than that of Caucasians. In hyperkeratotic plaques, thick scales may cover the underlying vascular structures, yet removal of the scales may bring to light the typical vascular pattern. The dermoscopic pattern of specific subtypes of psoriasis do not significantly differ from each other, except for the scaling amount. The most common forms of dermatitis in skin of colour include allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis, with the latter representing one of the most frequent reasons for referral to a dermatologist in dark-skinned populations. Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder more commonly occurring in middle-aged adults and affecting the skin, mucosae and/or nail that is supposed to be related to an autoimmune response to altered self-antigens on basal keratinocytes.
Development of a brazilian nanoencapsulated drug for schistosomiasis treatment (2013)

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that, according to the World Health Organization, constitutes a major public health problem associated with severe morbidity, mostly children in preschool age. The administration of drugs in children always constitutes a difficult task, especially when formulations are not developed specifically for pediatric use, when high doses of drug are required and the drug has a bitter taste, as in the case of praziquantel. Polymer nanoparticles are promising systems for development of encapsulated drugs with low water solubility and bitter taste, due to the good physical and chemical stability, adequate biocompatibility and simple manufacturing processes. Moreover, they can enhance the bioavailability and reduce variability of treatment among patients. Poly(methyl methacrylate) doped with praziquantel was produced through a miniemulsion polymerization process to compose a pediatric pharmaceutical suspension. Nanoparticles were characterized in terms of physico-chemical properties, toxicological properties and biological activity in mice, being concluded that obtained results were satisfactory. The results were encapsulation rate around 90%, absence of chemical interaction drug - polymer and the presence of biological activity. A collaborative approach was used for this development, involving national partnerships and independent funding mechanisms, a powerful pathway for development of drugs for neglected diseases.
Segmented MEMS deformable-mirror for wavefront correction (2006)

Advances in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology are enabling the design and fabrication of new class of deformable mirrors (DM) for adaptive optics (AO). This paper presents a MEMS DM design that is suitable for a large range of applications. More than 7.5 &#956;m of stroke has been demonstrated for this DM with 125 V drive. Other minor design variations have shown 1.63 &#956;m step responses of 120 &#956;s and 140 &#956;s rise and fall times with only a 36 V drive. The DMs have excellent optical quality of 6-20 nm rms that varies with temperature only 0.56 nm/°C peak-to-valley.
Quantification of glucose cycling and the extent of equilibration of glucose 6-phosphate with fructose 6-phosphate in islets from ob/ob mice (1991)

Pancreatic islets from fed and fasted obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice were incubated with [1-14C]glucose at 5.5 mM and 16.7 mM, [1-14C]mannose at 16.7 mM, and 3H2O. Yields of 14CO2 and 14C-labelled lactate, and amounts of 14C from [1-14C]mannose incorporated into glucose and of 3H bound to C-2 of glucose, were measured. Glucose utilization was determined from yields of 3H2O from [5-3H]glucose. From the results using 14C, 32-43% of the hexoses phosphorylated to hexose 6-phosphate were estimated to have been dephosphorylated, i.e. cycled. Estimates of hexose cycling from 3H incorporation into glucose were similar. Differences in the ratios of 14C yields in CO2 and lactate indicated incomplete isotopic equilibration between glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate, making the estimates of cycling semi-quantitative. In the fasted state, a larger percentage of the hexose utilized went to lactate than in the fed state. Thus conversion of mannose into glucose in islets indicates the occurrence of glucose cycling in islets. Yields of 14C from [1-14C]mannose, compared with from [1-14C]glucose, provide an approach for quantifying the extent of this cycling. These data provide further evidence for extensive glucose cycling occurring in ob/ob islets in both the fed and the fasted state.
18Gbps, 50mW reconfigurable multi-mode SHA Hashing accelerator in 45nm CMOS (2010)

A multi-mode Secure Hashing Algorithm (SHA) accelerator is fabricated in 45nm CMOS and occupies 0.0625mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with 18Gbps throughput and total power consumption of 50mW. The reconfigurable hardware accelerator computes SHA-1/224/256/384/512 message-digest using unified SHA bit-slices and configurable compression circuits resulting in 40% area reduction and <;3% performance overhead for reconfiguration with 23Gbps peak throughput in SHA-224/256 modes. SHA frequency ranges from 21MHz-1.8GHz across 320mV-1.35V supply voltage range.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTITHYROID AGENTS. 1. N‐ALKYLFORMAMIDINO‐N‐ARYLTHIOCARBAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDES (1980)

Abstract Die Kondensation der N‐Alkylthioharnstoffe (I) mit den Arylcyanamid‐hydrochloriden (II) in Aceton führt zu den Titelverbindungen (III), deren Bildung über nicht isolierbare Monosulfid‐Zwischenprodukte erfolgt.
Photoemission study of fully silicided Pd2Si gates with interface modification induced by dopants (2009)

Work function shifts for fully silicided (FUSI) Pd2Si gates with BF2 and P predoping, originally observed as the flatband voltage shifts in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) diodes, were also reproducible for backside x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The Pd composition ratios of FUSI layers were reduced in the vicinity of the gate SiO2 layer, which directly affects apparent work function in the MOS system. However, other non-negligible changes, such as pileup of predoped elements and Pd precipitation, were also found for the predoped cases. The work function shift by predoping should be considered to be a result of interaction of such multiple factors.
Design Tradeoffs in Bioimplantable Devices: A Case Study with Bladder Pressure Monitoring (2018)

Acceptable design tradeoffs depend heavily on the environment in which a device will operate. For bioimplantable devices, area, power and reliability are crucial considerations which can dramatically impact their design, implementation, and eventual clinical translation. In this paper, we discuss potential effects of such tradeoffs using a wireless implantable bladder pressure sensor as a case study. We note that low power design techniques such as clock and power gating, when coupled with a reliable process technology, can improve device reliability while meeting the stringent area and power constraints of wireless biomedical implants.