gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-assembled uniaxial and biaxial multilayer structures in chiral smectic liquid crystals frustrated between ferro- and antiferroelectricity (2004)

With a view to obtain a molecular model for the subphases produced by the frustration between ferro- and antiferroelectricity in chiral smectic liquid crystals, we report results on two compounds and observe (i) the staircase character of uniaxial Sm C(*)(alpha) itself in the bulk and (ii) the multipeaked characteristic reflection bands due to the modulated helical structures just above the Sm C(*)(A) temperature range. We suggest the emergence of several uniaxial and biaxial subphases. The results show that both types of subphases can be specified by q(T) = [F] / ( [A] + [F] ) in the zero-order approximation; [A] and [F] are the numbers of antiferroelectric and ferroelectric orderings in the unit cell. We consider the basis of both types of subphases, particularly the description of the short-pitch helical structure of Sm C(*)(alpha), in terms of the molecular models so far proposed and emphasize the important role played by the discrete flexoelectric polarization.
Generating basic skills reports for low-skilled readers (2008)

Abstract We describe SkillSum , a Natural Language Generation (NLG) system that generates a personalised feedback report for someone who has just completed a screening assessment of their basic literacy and numeracy skills. Because many SkillSum users have limited literacy, the generated reports must be easily comprehended by people with limited reading skills; this is the most novel aspect of SkillSum , and the focus of this paper. We used two approaches to maximise readability. First, for determining content and structure (document planning), we did not explicitly model readability, but rather followed a pragmatic approach of repeatedly revising content and structure following pilot experiments and interviews with domain experts. Second, for choosing linguistic expressions (microplanning), we attempted to formulate explicitly the choices that enhanced readability, using a constraints approach and preference rules; our constraints were based on corpus analysis and our preference rules were based on psycholinguistic findings. Evaluation of the SkillSum system was twofold: it compared the usefulness of NLG technology to that of canned text output, and it assessed the effectiveness of the readability model. Results showed that NLG was more effective than canned text at enhancing users' knowledge of their skills, and also suggested that the empirical ‘revise based on experiments and interviews’ approach made a substantial contribution to readability as well as our explicit psycholinguistically inspired models of readability choices.
Structural determinants underlying the adduct lifetime in the LOV proteins of Pseudomonas putida (2021)

The primary photochemistry is similar among the flavin-bound sensory domains of light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) photoreceptors, where upon blue-light illumination a covalent adduct is formed on the microseconds time scale between the flavin chromophore and a strictly conserved cysteine residue. In contrast, the adduct-state decay kinetics vary from seconds to days or longer. The molecular basis for this variation among structurally conserved LOV domains is not fully understood. Here, we selected PpSB2-LOV, a fast-cycling (τ<sub>rec</sub> 3.5 min, 20 °C) short LOV protein from Pseudomonas putida that shares 67% sequence identity with a slow-cycling (τ<sub>rec</sub> 2467 min, 20 °C) homologous protein PpSB1-LOV. Based on the crystal structure of the PpSB2-LOV in the dark state reported here, we used a comparative approach, in which we combined structure and sequence information with molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to address the mechanistic basis for the vastly different adduct-state lifetimes in the two homologous proteins. MD simulations pointed toward dynamically distinct structural region, which were subsequently targeted by site-directed mutagenesis of PpSB2-LOV, where we introduced single- and multisite substitutions exchanging them with the corresponding residues from PpSB1-LOV. Collectively, the data presented identify key amino acids on the Aβ-Bβ, Eα-Fα loops, and the Fα helix, such as E27 and I66, that play a decisive role in determining the adduct lifetime. Our results additionally suggest a correlation between the solvent accessibility of the chromophore pocket and adduct-state lifetime. The presented results add to our understanding of LOV signaling and will have important implications in tuning the signaling behavior (on/off kinetics) of LOV-based optogenetic tools.
Thermoelectric Properties and Nanostructuring in the p-Type Materials NaPb18−xSnxMTe20 (M = Sb, Bi) (2009)

The thermoelectric properties of materials with nominal compositions NaPb18−xSnxMTe20 (M = Sb, Bi) were investigated in the temperature range 300−650 K. All the members of NaPb18−xSnxMTe20 have a cubic rock-salt (NaCl) type structure and exhibit p-type charge transport behavior between 300−650 K. The relative fraction of Sn strongly affects the physical, structural, and transport properties of the materials. Independent of the nature of the pnicogen atom (M), the electrical conductivity increases with decreasing Pb:Sn ratio, whereas the thermopower decreases. Hall effect data for selected samples, e.g., NaPb15Sn3BiTe20 and NaPb13Sn5SbTe20, show high carrier concentrations of ∼1 × 1020 cm−3 at room temperature. Comparing corresponding members from the antimony and bismuth series, we observed that the Sn-free compositions (x = 0) exhibit the highest power factors, and as a consequence, the highest ZT, with NaPb18BiTe20 reaching a ZT ≈ 1.3 at 670 K. The NaPb18−xSnxMTe20 series exhibit increasing total thermal conductivity with increasing fraction of Sn with room temperature values between 1.37 W/(m K) for x = 3 and 3.9 W/(m K) for x = 16 for NaPb18−xSnxSbTe20. The lowest lattice thermal conductivity, ∼0.4 W/(m K), was observed for the composition NaPb2Sn16BiTe20 at 650 K. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy on several members of the NaPb18−xSnxMTe20 series reveal that they are inhomogeneous on the nanoscale with widely dispersed nanocrystals embedded in a Pb1−ySnyTe matrix. Also observed are lamellar features in these materials associated with compositional fluctuations and significant strain at the nanocrystal/matrix interface.
Superconducting bandpass delta-sigma modulator (1999)

Bandpass delta-sigma modulators digitize narrowband signals with high dynamic range and linearity. The required sampling rate is only a few times higher than the centre frequency of the input. This paper presents a superconducting bandpass delta-sigma modulator for direct analogue-to-digital conversion of RF signals in the GHz range. The input signal is capacitively coupled to one end of a microstrip transmission line, and a single flux quantum balanced comparator quantizes the current flowing out of the other end. Quantization noise is suppressed at the quarter-wave resonance of the transmission line (about 2 GHz in our design). Circuit performance at a 20 GHz sampling rate has been studied with several long JSIM simulations. Full-scale (FS) input sensitivity is 20 mV (rms), and in-band noise is -53 dBFS and -57 dBFS over bandwidths of 39 MHz and 19.5 MHz, respectively. In-band intermodulation distortion is better than -69 dBFS.
Measurement of a Benchmarking Jet in Crossflow Configuration Under Highly Turbulent Conditions (2011)

The configuration of a jet in crossflow appears in many practical applications such as combustion and mixing processes in the chemical industry. This kind of flow is particularly complex due to the presence of various interacting vortex systems and it is widely studied in literature both experimentally and numerically. In addition to the physical interest, this flow configuration serves as a benchmark for numerical methods such as Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulations (LES) because of its prototypic nature. The present work aims at generating benchmark data for a jet in crossflow configuration under highly turbulent conditions. In this context, the investigated operating conditions were chosen carefully to match the conditions existing in gas turbines and hence the experiments were carried out for two different Reynolds-numbers of the crossflow, Re∞ = 60000 and 40000. Keeping the flow rate of the jet flow constant, two different velocity ratios between jet and crossflow of r = 4.15 and 6.25 result. The measurements were performed in an appropriate air channel, which was built with the objective to obtain accurately controlled flow conditions at the measurement section. Two-dimensional laser induced fluorescence (2d-LIF) combined with particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) was used for the measurements of simultaneous scalar concentration and velocity fields and the experimental acquisition of Reynolds-fluxes and -stresses. The knowledge of Reynolds-fluxes and -stresses is of fundamental concern not only for the understanding of the mechanisms which are responsible for the formation of the vortex-structures in a jet in crossflow, but also for the development and validation of turbulence- and mixing-models.
Design and Modeling of a Slotless and Homopolar Axial-Field Synchronous Machine for a Flywheel Accumulator (2004)

A new axial-field synchronous machine designed for a flywheel accumulator is presented herein. The armature and field windings, fixed in the air gap, are made with double-face printed circuits. A specific armature layout provides a sine-distributed magnetomotive force and solves the problem of crossing the ends of the winding. A two-dimensional semi-analytical model at the mean radius, using surfacic permeances, is then developed. Then, inductances, torque, and eddy-current losses are calculated using this model and compared with experimental results.
Assessment of Chosen Parameters of the Immune System in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2003)

The immunosuppressive effect of cytostatics, basic therapeutic agents in the treatment of proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system, and the rising number of children cured from acute leukaemias form together a need to monitor the status of the immune system following cessation of therapy. Surface antigens in lymphocytes from peripheral blood were assessed in 16 children directly after intensive chemotherapy (i.e., after protocol II of the BMF program) and in 25 children 12-13 months following conclusion of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. The results were compared to data obtained from children never afflicted with neoplastic disease. A significant decrease in the average number of lymphocyte subpopulations was noted in the case of the treated children directly after intensive chemotherapy. The average values of lymphocyte subpopulations in children with concluded treatment are within the norm, with the exception of NK and TS lymphocytes.
Supplementary Tables from The antitumor properties of a nontoxic, nitric oxide–modified version of saquinavir are independent of Akt (2023)

Supplementary Tables from The antitumor properties of a nontoxic, nitric oxide–modified version of saquinavir are independent of Akt
Blood Group-Related Antigens in Human Urothelium: Enhanced Expression of Precursor, Le x , and Le Y Determinants in Urothelial Carcinoma (1989)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 May 1989Blood Group-Related Antigens in Human Urothelium: Enhanced Expression of Precursor, Lex, and LeY Determinants in Urothelial Carcinoma C. Cordon-Cardo, V.E. Reuter, K.O. Lloyd, J. Sheinfeld, W.R. Fair, L.J. Old, and M.R. Melamed C. Cordon-CardoC. Cordon-Cardo More articles by this author , V.E. ReuterV.E. Reuter More articles by this author , K.O. LloydK.O. Lloyd More articles by this author , J. SheinfeldJ. Sheinfeld More articles by this author , W.R. FairW.R. Fair More articles by this author , L.J. OldL.J. Old More articles by this author , and M.R. MelamedM.R. Melamed More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)41235-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Blood Group-Related Antigens in Human Urothelium: Enhanced Expression of Precursor, Lex, and LeY Determinants in Urothelial Carcinoma." The Journal of Urology, 141(5), pp. 1260–1261 © 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 141Issue 5May 1989Page: 1260-1261 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information C. Cordon-Cardo More articles by this author V.E. Reuter More articles by this author K.O. Lloyd More articles by this author J. Sheinfeld More articles by this author W.R. Fair More articles by this author L.J. Old More articles by this author M.R. Melamed More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Tensorial Mixture Models (2016)

Casting neural networks in generative frameworks is a highly sought-after endeavor these days. Contemporary methods, such as Generative Adversarial Networks, capture some of the generative capabilities, but not all. In particular, they lack the ability of tractable marginalization, and thus are not suitable for many tasks. Other methods, based on arithmetic circuits and sum-product networks, do allow tractable marginalization, but their performance is challenged by the need to learn the structure of a circuit. Building on the tractability of arithmetic circuits, we leverage concepts from tensor analysis, and derive a family of generative models we call Tensorial Mixture Models (TMMs). TMMs assume a simple convolutional network structure, and in addition, lend themselves to theoretical analyses that allow comprehensive understanding of the relation between their structure and their expressive properties. We thus obtain a generative model that is tractable on one hand, and on the other hand, allows effective representation of rich distributions in an easily controlled manner. These two capabilities are brought together in the task of classification under missing data, where TMMs deliver state of the art accuracies with seamless implementation and design.
Cyclometalated Platinum(II) β-Diketonate Complexes as Single Dopants for High-Efficiency White OLEDs: The Relationship between Intermolecular Interactions in the Solid State and Electroluminescent Efficiency (2020)

Three cyclometalated platinum(II) β-diketonate complexes were developed to investigate the relationship between intermolecular interactions in the solid state according to the position of a bulky trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituent and organic light-emitting diode performance. A variety of intermolecular interactions was observed (i.e., Pt(II)···π, Pt···Pt, and π–π interactions) that were dependent on the presence or absence of TMS and its position on the 2′,6′-difluoro-2,3′-bipyridine ligand. Hirshfeld analysis was performed for the quantitative analysis of intermolecular interactions, indicating that the incorporation of TMS at the 4- or 5-position of the ligand results in strong intermolecular interactions between the Pt(II) complexes. All three complexes show blue to sky blue emissions with high photoluminescent quantum efficiency of ∼0.6–0.8. A relatively remarkable decrease in the highest occupied molecular orbital energy was observed compared to the increase in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, which is attributed to the stronger electronegativity of difluorinated-bipyridine than phenylpyridine. All complexes effectively formed excimers under low doping concentration, which made it possible to prepare single-doped white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). WOLEDs were successfully fabricated using the three different Pt(II) complexes as single dopant materials, resulting in over 10% external quantum efficiency. Moreover, the Pt(II) complex substituted with TMS at the 5-position was used as a single dopant at 3 wt % in a nonoptimized WOLED, exhibiting an external quantum efficiency of 12.3%, white emission with Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (1931) coordinates (x, y) of (0.40, 0.42), and good color rendering index (80), providing one of the highest performance results among single-doped WOLEDs.
Towards Universal Representation Learning for Deep Face Recognition (2020)

Recognizing wild faces is extremely hard as they appear with all kinds of variations. Traditional methods either train with specifically annotated variation data from target domains, or by introducing unlabeled target variation data to adapt from the training data. Instead, we propose a universal representation learning framework that can deal with larger variation unseen in the given training data without leveraging target domain knowledge. We firstly synthesize training data alongside some semantically meaningful variations, such as low resolution, occlusion and head pose. However, directly feeding the augmented data for training will not converge well as the newly introduced samples are mostly hard examples. We propose to split the feature embedding into multiple sub-embeddings, and associate different confidence values for each sub-embedding to smooth the training procedure. The sub-embeddings are further decorrelated by regularizing variation classification loss and variation adversarial loss on different partitions of them. Experiments show that our method achieves top performance on general face recognition datasets such as LFW and MegaFace, while significantly better on extreme benchmarks such as TinyFace and IJB-S.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND THERMAL DECARBONYLATION OF ENDO‐6,7‐BENZOTRICYCLO(3.2.1.O2,4)OCTEN‐8‐ONE (1979)

Abstract Dimethylfulven und Cyclopropen (II) geben glatt das Addukt (III), das mit dem α‐Pyron (IV) in das Addukt (V) übergeführt wird.
Hiding Images within Images (2019)

We present a system to hide a full color image inside another of the same size with minimal quality loss to either image. Deep neural networks are simultaneously trained to create the hiding and revealing processes and are designed to specifically work as a pair. The system is trained on images drawn randomly from the ImageNet database, and works well on natural images from a wide variety of sources. Beyond demonstrating the successful application of deep learning to hiding images, we examine how the result is achieved and apply numerous transformations to analyze if image quality in the host and hidden image can be maintained. These transformation range from simple image manipulations to sophisticated machine learning-based adversaries. Two extensions to the basic system are presented that mitigate the possibility of discovering the content of the hidden image. With these extensions, not only can the hidden information be kept secure, but the system can be used to hide even more than a single image. Applications for this technology include image authentication, digital watermarks, finding exact regions of image manipulation, and storing meta-information about image rendering and content.
A study of feeding options aimed at cancelling crosstalk in multiconductor transmission lines (2004)

This paper presents practical verification of a concept of total elimination of crosstalk between signals propagating in multiconductor transmission lines. The assumption is that the crosstalk should be eliminated by proper feeding and matching at the line ends, in the presence of physical coupling between conductors all along the lines. A family of proper feeding and matching configurations is investigated. Results of measurements are presented for two of them. Another one is verified by modelling.
Syntheses of “Phosphine-Free” Molybdenum Oxo Alkylidene Complexes through Addition of Water to Alkylidyne Complexes (2020)

Addition of 1 equiv of water to Mo(CArp)(ORF9)3 (Arp = p-methoxyphenyl; ORF9 = OC(CF3)3) in the presence of 5% NEt3 (vs Mo) in THF led to the formation of Mo(O)(CHArp)(ORF9)2(THF)2 in good yield. Mo(O)(CHArp)(ORF9)2(THF)2 reacts with 2 equiv of LiOHMT (OHMT = O-2,6-mesityl2C6H3) at room temperature to yield Mo(O)(CHArp)(OHMT)2 and with 2 equiv of NaOTPP (OTPP = 2,3,5,6-tetraphenylphenoxide) to yield Mo(O)(CHArp)(OTPP)2. In the presence of TMEDA (2.5 equiv), Mo(CR)(ORF9)3 (R = Arp, mesityl, or t-Bu) reacts with 1 equiv of water to yield Mo(O)(CHR)(ORF9)2(TMEDA) complexes, from which (when R = t-Bu) TMEDA is readily displaced by 2,2′-bipyridyl to give Mo(O)(CH-t-Bu)(ORF9)2(bipy). Mo(O)(CH-t-Bu)(ORF9)2(bipy) was converted into Mo(O)(CH-t-Bu)Cl2(bipy) readily, from which Mo(O)(CH-t-Bu)Cl(OHMT)(3-Brpy) (3-Brpy = 3-bromopyridine) and Mo(O)(CH-t-Bu)Cl(OHIPT)(3-Brpy) (OHIPT = O-2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3) were prepared. X-ray studies were carried out on Mo(O)(CHArp)(ORF9)2(THF)2, Mo(O)(CH-t-Bu)(ORF9)2(TMEDA), Mo(O)(CHArp)(OTPP)2, Mo(O)(CH-t-Bu)Cl(OHMT)(3-Brpy), and Mo(O)(CH-t-Bu)Cl(OHIPT)(3-Brpy).
Distinguishing Characteristics of Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formers with Low Amounts of Randall's Plaque (2014)

These findings suggest that other pathways independent of Randall's plaque may contribute to stone pathogenesis among a subgroup of ICSFs who harbor low amounts of plaque.
Personalization of Hearing AID DSLV5 Prescription Amplification in the Field via a Real-Time Smartphone APP (2023)

This paper presents a real-time smartphone app for the purpose of conducting personalization of hearing aid DSLv5 prescription amplification in the field. The developed smartphone app enables hearing healthcare providers and researchers to study the amplification or compression function of hearing aids in realistic audio environments. The personalization approach is based on a previously developed method of maximum likelihood inverse reinforcement learning (MLIRL) which incorporates a user’s hearing preferences in paired audio comparisons. The app consists of a real-time online training module and a real-time testing module. In the training module, an optimal personalized set of DSLv5 gains across five frequency bands, commonly used for audiograms, is obtained based on paired audio comparisons which are carried out in an on-the-fly or online manner in real-world audio environments or in the field. In the testing module, the MLIRL derived personalized set of gains can be compared to the standard DSLv5 set of gains in terms of hearing preference. The audio processing steps taken to achieve this implementation as a real-time smartphone app are presented and the results related to its ease-of-use and real-time operation are reported.
Canceling most helpful total cuts for minimum cost network flow (1993)

Abstract We present a polynomial algorithm for the minimum cost network flow problem (MCNF). It is a dual algorithm that is based on canceling positive augmenting cuts, which are the duals of negative augmenting cycles. We focus on canceling most helpful total cuts , which are cuts together with augmentation amounts that lead to the maximum possible increase in the dual objective function. We show how to compute a most helpful total cut and give a rigorous dual conformal decomposition theorem. Canceling most helpful cuts is, in spirit, dual to an algorithm of Weintraub as modified by Barahona and Tardos. We also show how our algorithm specializes to the case of shortest s–t path with nonnegative distances, show that this specialization is not finite for real data, and show that our bound on the number of cancellations is essentially tight. © 1993 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.