gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust macromodeling of frequency responses with outliers (2011)

This paper introduces a robust Vector Fitting algorithm for macromodeling of measured of simulated frequency responses with outliers. The use of a new frequency-dependent weighting scheme ensures that the complex fitting error is minimized in the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> sense, rather than the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sense. Numerical results indicate that this approach leads to more accurate results.
Demyelinating Diseases: Myeloperoxidase as an Imaging Biomarker and Therapeutic Target (2012)

MPO may be a key mediator of myeloid inflammation and tissue damage in EAE. Therefore, MPO could represent a promising therapeutic target, as well as an imaging biomarker, for demyelinating diseases and potentially for other diseases in which MPO is implicated.
The Use Of F-18 Thymidine Imaging For Evaluation Of The Bone Marrow Compartment Following Transplantation (2010)

Evaluation of engraftment following bone marrow transplantation is based on measurements of marrow growth including peripheral blood counts and bone marrow biopsies done weeks following transplant. Early prediction of marrow function becomes increasingly necessary as cord blood use increases, in evaluation of intentional or unintentional radiation exposure, for evaluation of minimal residual disease, and to maximize treatment efficacy in hematologic malignancies. F-18 Flourothymidine (FLT)/PET imaging is being evaluated clinically for tumor detection and staging. Unlike the more commonly used FDG/PET, FLT is tied to proliferative activity and cellular growth by thymidine's inclusion into DNA, and is therefore less hampered by inflammatory background. We describe the use of FLT in two groups, 1) a rat model of ablative and non-myeloablative transplantation, and 2) normal and lymphoma patients undergoing treatment. In our rat model, we evaluated if imaging could provide early evidence of hematopoietic recovery following radiation and transplantation. Rats received myeloablative, non-myeloablative, and sham transplantation with imaging at baseline, 24-48 hours after transplantation and 6 days post-transplantation. As seen in Table 1, analysis confirms that FLT predicts engraftment as early as 24-48 hours following transplantation, FLT also can predict lack of engraftment and radiation effect in sham transplantations who did not receive stem cell infusion. Figure 1 illustrates FLT and FDG imaging performed in a normal, post radiation and post transplant rat, confirming superiority of FLT in evaluating marrow function. In our human model, we evaluated if imaging could be used to provide useful information about chemotherapeutic and radiation effects on marrow. We imaged 6 patients with intracranial malignancy with normal bone marrow as controls. In addition, we imaged 3 lymphoma patients prior to treatment, at day 9 post-chemotherapy, and following six cycles of chemotherapy. Figure 2 illustrates differences seen in FLT in a patient with normal marrow and a patient with known marrow involvement. Our human and animal model confirm that FLT can be used as a marker of cellular proliferation in the bone marrow. We propose that this tool could be used for early evaluation of engraftment, success of chemotherapy, prediction of radiation injury, and evaluation of minimal residual disease.Table 1Imaging Characteristics of Experimental Animals and Histologic CorrelationsExperimental Rat SubsetsFLT studies performedFDG studies performedHistologic CorrelationNormal/Baseline rat studiesn=10n=6Normal cellular marrow24-48 hrs post 950 cGy TBIn=6n=4Marrow damage hypocellularityDay 7 post 950 cGy TBIn=4not performedAplastic marrowDay 6-7 post 950 cGy TBI (4-5 days post transplantation)n=4n=4Focal areas of cellular regenerationDay 10 post 950 cGy TBI (6 days post transplantationn=4n=2Cellular marrowDay 6-7 post 500 cGy TBI (no transplantation)n=6not performedModerate hypocellularity Open table in a new tab
Conformational Stability of Factor VIIa:  Biophysical Studies of Thermal and Guanidine Hydrochloride-Induced Denaturation (1998)

The binding of the multidomain protein factor VIIa (fVIIa) to tissue factor provides the interprotein communication necessary to make fVIIa an efficient catalyst of the initial event in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. We have investigated the stability of individual domains in fVIIa and the influence of Ca2+ and an irreversible active-site inhibitor (FFR-chloromethyl ketone). Equilibrium guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl)-induced unfolding monitored by tryptophan fluorescence and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) demonstrated that the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain unfolds at 0.3 M GuHCl and the serine protease (SP) domain at 3 M GuHCl and that Ca2+ is a prerequisite for the formation of an ordered, compact structure in the Gla domain. The loss of amidolytic activity coincides with the first transition, which is stabilized by the active-site inhibitor, and a change in the environment of the active site is demonstrated using a fluorescent inhibitor (DEGR-chloromethyl ketone). Thermal unfolding monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals that Ca2+ stabilizes the SP domain slightly, increasing the unfolding temperature by 2.7 degrees C. In addition, Ca2+ is required for a large enthalpy change concomitant with unfolding of the Gla domain, and this unfolding enthalpy is only detectable in the presence of the SP domain, indicating some kind of interaction between these domains. Thermal unfolding measured by CD indicates secondary structural changes at the same temperature as the heat absorption in the DSC but only when both the Gla domain and the SP domain are present together with Ca2+ ions. Taken together, these results indicate a Ca2+-dependent interaction between the Gla domain and the SP domain, implying a high degree of flexibility of the domains in free fVIIa. It is also shown that the epidermal growth factor-like domains are stable at elevated temperatures and high GuHCl concentrations. Moreover, already at physiological temperature, subtle structural changes take place which influence the overall shape of fVIIa and are detrimental to its enzymatic activity.
Targeted Training for Multi-organization Recommendation (2023)

Making recommendations for users in diverse organizations ( orgs ) is a challenging task for workplace social platforms such as Microsoft Teams and Slack. The current industry-standard model training approaches either use data from all organizations to maximize information or train organization-specific models to minimize noise. Our real-world experiments show that both approaches are poorly suited for the multi-org recommendation setting where different organizations’ interaction patterns vary in their generalizability. We introduce targeted training , which improves on standard practices by automatically selecting a subset of orgs for model development whose data are cleanest and best represent global trends. We demonstrate how and when targeted training improves over global training through theoretical analysis and simulation. Our experiments on large-scale datasets from Microsoft Teams, SharePoint, Stack Exchange, DBLP, and Reddit show that in many cases targeted training can improve mean average precision (MAP) across orgs by 10–15% over global training, is more robust to orgs with lower data quality, and generalizes better to unseen orgs. Our training framework is applicable to a wide range of inductive recommendation models, from simple regression models to graph neural networks (GNNs).
Neutrophils in Streptococcus suis Infection: From Host Defense to Pathology (2021)

<i>Streptococcus suis</i> is a swine pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for economic losses to the porcine industry. Infected animals may develop meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, sepsis and/or sudden death. The pathogenesis of the infection implies that bacteria breach mucosal host barriers and reach the bloodstream, where they escape immune-surveillance mechanisms and spread throughout the organism. The clinical manifestations are mainly the consequence of an exacerbated inflammation, defined by an exaggerated production of cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. Among them, neutrophils arrive first in contact with the pathogens to combat the infection. Neutrophils initiate and maintain inflammation, by producing cytokines and deploying their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms. Furthermore, neutrophilic leukocytosis characterizes <i>S. suis</i> infection, and lesions of infected subjects contain a large number of neutrophils. Therefore, this cell type may play a role in host defense and/or in the exacerbated inflammation. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies addressed the role or functions of neutrophils in the context of <i>S. suis</i> infection. In this review, we will explore the literature about <i>S. suis</i> and neutrophils, from their interaction at a cellular level, to the roles and behaviors of neutrophils in the infected host in vivo.
Synthesis tools for Mixed-Signal ICs: progress on frontend and backend strategies (2005)

Digital synthesis tools such as logic synthesis and semicustom layout have dramatically changed both the frontend (specification to netlist) and backend (netlist to mask) steps of the digital IC design process. In this tutorial, we look at the last decade's worth of progress on analog circuit synthesis and layout tools. We focus on the frontend and backend of analog and mixed-signal IC design flows. The tutorial summarizes the problems for which viable solutions are emerging, and those which are still unsolved.
Dysphagia at 1 Year is Associated With Mean Dose to the Inferior Section of the Brain Stem (2023)

In this hypothesis-generating study, we found that mean dose to the inferior section of the brain stem is strongly associated with dysphagia 1 year posttreatment. The identified region includes the swallowing centers in the medulla oblongata, providing a possible mechanistic explanation. Further work including validation in an independent cohort is required.
Bactericidal and sporicidal performance of a polymer-encapsulated chlorine dioxide-coated surface (2009)

This study provides a new direction for developing polymer-encapsulated ClO(2) coatings that possess persistent bactericidal and sporicidal properties.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 and MMP-13 and loss of MMP-19 and p16 are associated with malignant progression in chronic wounds (2005)

Our results suggest that epithelial expression of MMP-7, MMP-12 and MMP-13, but not that of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-10, in chronic wounds provides a diagnostic clue for distinguishing SCCs from nonmalignant wounds. The loss of MMP-19 and p16 from the epithelium could aid in making the differential diagnosis between well-differentiated SCCs and nonmalignant chronic wounds.
A New Dimeric Stilbenoid with a Five‐Membered Lactone Ring from Shorea hemsleyana (2003)

Abstract From the stem bark of Shorea hemsleyana , a new dimeric stilbenoid with a five‐membered lactone ring, shorealactone ( 1 ) was isolated. The absolute configuration was determined by means of 2D NMR techniques and X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis of its 4‐bromobenzoyl derivative 1e by means of anomalous scattering of the Br‐atom.
Distributed Spectrum Sharing Using Blockchain: A Hyperledger Fabric Implementation (2022)

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) is proposed as a solution to the spectrum scarcity and under-utilization problem in a world of ever-increasing spectrum demand. Enabling DSS, however, requires overcoming many technical, regulatory, and economic challenges. Cognitive Radio (CR) provided a solution for some of the technical issues of DSS by equipping wireless devices with intelligent sensing and decision making capabilities to enable dynamic sharing of the surrounding spectrum between devices. However, CR alone has been unable to provide a fully dynamic ecosystem for spectrum sharing that guarantees protection for spectrum owners. This has led multiple spectrum regulators to implement frameworks that enable DSS through a centralized spectrum management system that complements the CR capabilities to ensure compliance with spectrum access policies and regulations. However, these frameworks require trusting a third party to manage spectrum access and do not provide intrinsic mechanisms to incentives spectrum owners to share their spectrum. Blockchain technology provides a distributed platform for autonomous asset trading that can be utilized to implement a fully dynamic spectrum sharing system, ensuring transparency and trust between devices without the need for a third party. This paper provides a blockchain-based model for a DSS that represents spectrum access rights as tokenized assets and enables trading of these spectrum tokens between multiple users on a distributed ledger using smart contracts. The proposed model is implemented using Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) as a permissioned blockchain network and the details of the implemented Chaincode transactions are outlined.
Differenzierung probiotischer Bakterien (2011)

Die Fourier-Transform-Infrarot-(FTIR)-Spektroskopie ist prinzipiell in der Lage, Mikroorganismen auf Stammesebene zu trennen und zu differenzieren. Das Projekt hat zum Inhalt, bestehende FT-IR-Datenbanken um handelsübliche probiotische Futterzusatzstoffe zu erweitern. Nach der erfolgreichen Erarbeitung einer Datenbank zur sicheren Differenzierung von ubiquitären und probiotischen B. cereus-Stämmen wurden die Datenbanken um probiotische Sporenbildner der Spezies B. subtilis und B. licheniformis sowie um probiotische Milchsäurebakterien (Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus) erweitert. Alle probiotischen Stämme lassen sich sicher von ubiquitär vorkommenden Mikrooganismen der gleichen Spezies trennen, zumeist gelingt auch die Differenzierung der Probiotika untereinander. Diese einfache, preiswerte, schnelle und dennoch exakte Methode stellt einen enormen Fortschritt für die Futtermittelmikrobiologie dar.
Saturation effects in high acceleration bearingless motors (2008)

Bearingless motors offer contactless levitation and rotation through a hermitically closed process chamber and satisfy the increasing demand for ultra high purity spin processes in chemical, biochemical and semiconductor industry. Most of these processes require a high acceleration capability for minimal process times and a large air gap in order to fit in a mechanical stable chamber wall. The combination of these requirements possibly causes saturation effect issues that may occur depending on the specific drive claw shape. In this paper, saturation effects which reduce the effective torque of the motor are investigated for two commonly known drive claw shapes. The investigations are exemplarily carried out for the Bearingless 2-Level Motor (B2M), since it allows the isolated examination of saturation effects caused by the drive flux due to the axial and circumferential separation of the bearing and drive units. The paper visualizes the flux density distribution and the flux trajectory change at the presence of saturation for the presented drive claw shapes by means of 3D finite element simulations. One drive claw type is found to be the more applicable concept and is subsequently optimized with respect to maximum torque by variation of the drive claw width. Finally, the superior performance of the designed claw is proven by the comparison of simulation results with measurement data of an experimental prototype.
Fundamentals of digital arithmetic (2010)

This chapter describes some of the basic ideas in digital arithmetic that are necessary to understand the polynomial and linear system optimizations presented in the later chapters. The chapter is divided into five sections.Section 5.2 discusses elementary properties of number systems, focusing on binary number representations including signed digit representations. It provides a high-level overview of both fixed and floating point representations. Section 5.3 gives background material on two-operand addition including ripple carry, carry propagate, and pipelined addition architectures. Then Section 5.4 provides an overview of multiple-operand addition. It gives details on sequential and parallel carry propagate multiple-operand architectures, as well as redundant digit summations using carry save adders and other higher-order counters and compressors. The section ends with a discussion on distributed arithmetic architecture for multiple-operand summations that are typically found in dot product operations. Section 5.5 summarizes the chapter.
Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to fetal pulmonary epithelia in vitro and in vivo. (1995)

Vector-mediated gene transfer offers a direct method of correcting genetic pulmonary diseases and might also be used to correct temporary abnormalities associated with ac- quired, nongenetic disorders. Because the fetus or newborn may be a more immune tolerant host for gene transfer using viral vectors, we used replication defective recombinant ade- noviral vectors to test the feasibility of gene transfer to the fetal pulmonary epithelium in vitro and in vivo. Both proximal and distal epithelial cells in cultured fetal lung tissues from rodents and humans diffusely expressed the lacZ transgene 3 d after viral infection. In vivo gene delivery experiments were performed in fetal mice and lambs. Deliv- ery of Ad2/CMV-I8Gal to the amniotic fluid in mice pro- duced intense transgene expression in the fetal epidermis and amniotic membranes, some gastrointestinal expression, but no significant airway epithelial expression. When we introduced the adenoviral vector directly into the trachea of fetal lambs, the lacZ gene was expressed in the tracheal, bronchial, and distal pulmonary epithelial cells 3 d after viral infection. Unexpectedly, reactive hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia were noted in epithelia expressing lacZ in the trachea, but not in the distal lung of fetal lambs. 1 wk after infection, adenovirus-treated fetuses developed inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lung tissue with CD4, CD8, IgM, and granulocyte/macrophage positive immune effector cells. Transgene expression faded coincident with inflammation and serologic evidence of antiadenoviral anti- body production. While these studies document the feasibil- ity of viral-mediated gene transfer in the prenatal lung, they indicate that immunologic responses to El-deleted recombi- nant adenoviruses limit the duration of transgene expres- sion. (
Human B1 and B2 Bradykinin Receptors and Their Agonists Target Caveolae-Related Lipid Rafts to Different Degrees in HEK293 Cells (2002)

To address the targeting of G protein-coupled receptors to caveolae-related lipid rafts (CLR), we studied the human B2 (B2R) and B1 (B1R) bradykinin receptor subtypes in HEK293 cells. CLR were enriched on the basis of their unique buoyant density and composition of cholesterol, caveolin-1, and flotillin-1 but not clathrin. CLR contained B2R and B1R as determined by both receptor immunoblotting and the increase in specific activity of receptor agonist binding to cells at both 4 and 37 degrees C when binding was followed by CLR enrichment. B2R was highly enriched in this fraction, whereas B1R was not enriched. Furthermore, acid washing of cells prior to cell disruption minimally affected the CLR-associated B2R agonist binding, whereas it dissociated a major portion of the CLR-associated B1R agonist binding. In addition, when agonist binding at 4 degrees C was followed by an increase in the temperature to 37 degrees C, B2R agonist binding in CLR transiently increased, and this increase was dependent on the C-terminal domain. On the other hand, B1R agonist binding remained unchanged and was independent of the C-terminal domain. Our results show that B2R is constitutively targeted to CLR in HEK293 cells and appears to shuttle the agonist through these domains, whereas B1R may be there by default.
Digital teaching and assessment of psychomotor skills of the clinical head and neck examination during COVID-19 pandemic (2023)

Digital teaching and assessing of a complex psychomotor skill is possible. Interactive teaching methods increase learning success. Nevertheless, presence teaching seems to be better at teaching these skills. The results can provide a basis for developing hybrid teaching models.
The Use of Informer Sets in Screening: Perspectives on an Efficient Strategy to Identify New Probes (2021)

Small-molecule discovery typically involves large-scale screening campaigns, spanning multiple compound collections. However, such activities can be cost- or time-prohibitive, especially when using complex assay systems, limiting the number of compounds tested. Further, low hit rates can make the process inefficient. Sparse coverage of chemical structure or biological activity space can lead to limited success in a primary screen and represents a missed opportunity by virtue of selecting the "wrong" compounds to test. Thus, the choice of screening collections becomes of paramount importance. In this perspective, we discuss the utility of generating "informer sets" for small-molecule discovery, and how this strategy can be leveraged to prioritize probe candidates. While many researchers may assume that informer sets are focused on particular targets (e.g., kinases) or processes (e.g., autophagy), efforts to assemble informer sets based on historical bioactivity or successful human exposure (e.g., repurposing collections) have shown promise as well. Another method for generating informer sets is based on chemical structure, particularly when the compounds have unknown activities and targets. We describe our efforts to screen an informer set representing a collection of 100,000 small molecules synthesized through diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS). This process enables researchers to identify activity early and more extensively screen only a few chemical scaffolds, rather than the entire collection. This elegant and economic outcome is a goal of the informer set approach. Here, we aim not only to shed light on this process, but also to promote the use of informer sets more widely in small-molecule discovery projects.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL‐CATALYZED ISOMERIZATION OF BUTADIENE‐HYDRAZONE MIXED OLIGOMERS (1978)

Abstract Geschwindigkeit und Verlauf der Ni‐katalysierten Isomerisierung von Azoverbindungen wie (I) zu Isomeren wie (II) hängen vom Verhältnis Ni/ Substrat, von der Reaktionstemperatur, den Substituenten und von der Natur des Liganden L ab.
Back Cover Image, Volume 116, Number 12, December 2019 (2019)

The cover image is based on the Original Article Reducing Staphylococcus aureus Resistance to Lysostaphin using CRISPR-dCas9 by Jonathan S. Dordick et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.27143.
Impact of Major RF Impairments on mm-wave Communications using OFDM Waveforms (2017)

In this paper, we study the joint impact of three major RF im-pairments, namely, oscillator phase noise, power amplifier non-linearity and I/Q imbalance on the performance of a mm-wave communication link based on OFDM modulation. General im-pairment models are first derived for describing the joint effects in each TX, each RX as well as a mm-wave communication link. Based on the obtained signal models and initial air interface de-sign from the mmMAGIC project, we numerically evaluate the impact of RF impairments on channel estimation in terms of channel-to-noise ratio (CNR) and also channel fluctuation due to common phase error (CPE) caused by phase noise within the channel coherence time. Then the impact on the link performance in terms of maximum sum rate is evaluated using extensive com-puter simulations. The simulation results show that the used air interface design is generally robust to the presence of RF impair-ments. With regard to the use of high order modulation alphabet and implementation of low-power and low-cost RF transceivers in mm-wave communication, special attention needs to be paid on phase noise where the inter-carrier-interference (ICI) can become a major limiting factor.