gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regularisation for Wide Azimuth Datasets (2009)

Wide-azimuth datasets allow us to incorporate more dimensions into data regularisation. Using a multi-dimensional Fourier transform that handles irregular data we can either output traces on a regular grid or interpolate additional source and receiver lines. This allows us to fill holes more effectively and regularise in the offset and azimuth directions whilst preserving AVO and AVAz. Data examples show an improvement in continuity and accurate reconstruction of missing data.
Internalization studies on zeolite nanoparticles using human cells (2018)

Zeolites are crystalline porous materials with a regular framework which have non-toxic effects on a variety of human cell lines and have been explored for cell imaging and drug delivery. Understanding the interaction between zeolite nanoparticles and cells is imperative for improving their potentialities, since the process of internalization of these particles is still poorly understood. In this study, the intracellular trafficking and internalization kinetics of zeolite L into breast cancer cells and normal epithelial mammary cells were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also studied the involvement of endocytic pathways using two pharmacological inhibitors, chlorpromazine and dynasore. Zeolite nanoparticles were taken up by both cell types and the cellular uptake was fast, and started immediately after 5 min of incubation. Interestingly, the uptake was dependent on the cell type since in breast cancer cells it was faster and more efficient, with a higher number of nanoparticles being internalized by cancer cells over time, compared to that in the epithelial mammary cells. TEM results showed that the internalized nanoparticles were mainly localized in the cell vacuoles. The data obtained upon using endocytic pharmacological inhibitors suggest that the zeolite L uptake is mediated by caveolin.
Reproducibility of relaxation times and spin density calculated from routine MR imaging sequences: Clinical study of the CNS (1985)

This study was undertaken to determine if routine clinical magnetic resonance imaging sequences using only two different repetition times (TRs) and with only two sequential spin echoes (SEs) can be used to calculate reproducible relaxation time and spin density values for normal central nervous system tissue using a 0.35 T production-model instrument. In 43 patients 650 regions of interest of 11 different anatomic sites were measured. T1 and T2 relaxation times and spin density were measured. For each anatomic location, the mean and standard deviation of these values were determined. In most solid regions of brain, the standard deviation of both T1 and T2 was 4%–8%. Relaxation times of cortical gray matter varied more, with a standard deviation of 10%, probably because of volume-averaging with adjacent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF and ocular vitreous humor were neither reproducibly nor accurately measured because of the short TR and TE settings of the imaging sequences relative to the long T1 and T2 relaxation times of these substances. Significant and reproducible differences were found between the spin densities of gray matter and white matter, as well as between different regions of white matter. These differences are of major importance in contrast discrimination of gray and white matter on the long TR images. Knowing that relaxation values and spin densities calculated from routine imaging sequences are in fact reproducible, these normal ranges can now be used to investigate changes occurring in disease states.
Parametric and Functional Degradation Analysis of Complete 14-nm FinFET SRAM (2019)

Designers typically add design margins to compensate for chip aging. However, this leads to yield loss (in case of overestimation) or low reliability (in case of underestimation). This paper analyzes the impact of aging on a complete high-performance industrial 14-nm FinFET SRAM. It investigates the impact on the memory's parametric (i.e., its delay) and functional (i.e., correct functionality) metrics. Moreover, it examines which components are the main contributors to the degradation of the memory's reliability and how it is impacted by workload and environmental conditions, i.e., temperature and voltage fluctuations. This paper not only investigates the impact of the memory's components individually, which is typically the case in prior work, but it also studies the contribution of components' interaction to the overall memory aging. The results show that the timing circuit, address decoder, and the output latches and buffers are the main contributors to the memory's parametric degradation, while the cell, sense amplifier, and address decoder are the main contributors to its functional degradation. Moreover, the results show that it is crucial to consider the impact of the interaction of components on the aging; individual analysis leads to overly pessimistic results and even wrong conclusions in certain cases.
Interactions between subjective memory complaint and objective cognitive deficit on memory performances (2019)

There are interactions between subjective cognition (i.e., SMC) and objective cognition (i.e., cognitive status) on memory performances in older adults. The roles of SMCs on memory performances should be interpreted with older adults' objective cognitive status.
Fully Enzymatic N→C‐Directed Peptide Synthesis Using C‐Terminal Peptide α‐Carboxamide to Ester Interconversion (2011)

Abstract Chemoenzymatic peptide synthesis is potentially the most cost‐efficient technology for the synthesis of short and medium‐sized peptides with some important advantages. For instance, stoichiometric amounts of expensive coupling reagents are not required and racemisation does not occur rendering purification easier compared to chemical peptide synthesis. In this paper, a novel interconversion reaction of peptide C ‐terminal α‐carboxamides into primary alkyl esters with alcalase was used to develop a fully enzymatic peptide synthesis strategy. For each elongation step a cost‐efficient amino acid carboxamide building block was used followed by the interconversion of the elongated peptide carboxamide to the corresponding primary alkyl ester. These peptide esters are the starting materials for the next enzymatic peptide elongation step.
Wavelength conversion and unicast of 10-Gb/s data spanning up to 700 nm using a silicon nanowaveguide (2012)

We report extremely large probe-idler separation wavelength conversion (545 nm) and unicast (700 nm) of 10-Gb/s data signals using a dispersion-engineered silicon nanowaveguide. Dispersion-engineered phase matching in the device provides a continuous four-wave-mixing efficiency 3-dB bandwidth exceeding 800 nm. We report the first data validation of wavelength conversion (data modulated probe) and unicast (data modulated pump) of 10-Gb/s data with probe-idler separations spanning 60 nm up to 700 nm accompanied with sensitivity gain in a single device. These demonstrations further validate the silicon platform as a highly broadband flexible platform for nonlinear all-optical data manipulation.
Utilization of Time-driven Activity-based Costing to Determine the True Cost of a Single or 2-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (2018)

Reimbursement for a bundle of care surrounding a 1- or 2-level ACDF should be no less than $29,299 to cover the true costs of the care for the entire care cycle. However, this cost may not include the true cost of all capital expenditures, and therefore may underestimate the cost.
Measuring the impact of microarchitectural ideas (2006)

Welcome to IEEE Micro’s first issue of 2006. We are starting this year with our annual Top Picks issue. This is the third such annual collection of magazine-style adaptations of our top-rated papers selected from the past year’s computer architecture and design conferences.
CBCT auto-calibration by contour registration (2019)

This paper discusses a novel strategy for estimating projection matrices using the contours of anatomical structures tracked on x-ray projection images. It establishes an auto-calibration routine which calculates the geometrical projection parameters from unknown patient geometry based on iterative reconstruction and registration. By introducing the uncertainty of calibration parameters in registration, we achieve a robust correction for broad types of patient motion. As our method does not rely on consistency between projection data and tomography reconstruction it is robust towards truncation, noise and other typical artifacts of CBCT reconstruction. We evaluated our proposed method of auto-calibration on digital reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) of a CT headscan. In a standard dental CBCT setup our approach shows an average recovery of volume sharpness of 83:67% for different motion types.
COVID-19 convalescent plasma for the treatment of immunocompromised patients: a systematic review (2022)

Abstract Immunosuppressed patients have increased risk for morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 because they less frequently mount antibody responses to vaccines and often cannot tolerate small-molecule antivirals. The Omicron variant of concern of SARS-CoV-2 has progressively defeated anti-Spike mAbs authorized so far, paving the way to a return to COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy. In this systematic review we performed a metanalysis of 9 controlled studies (totaling 535 treated patients and 1365 controls and including 4 randomized controlled trials), an individual patient data analysis of 125 case reports/series (totaling 265 patients), and a descriptive analysis of 13 uncontrolled large case series without individual patient data available (totaling 358 patients). The metanalysis of controlled studies showed a risk ratio for mortality of 0.65 (risk difference -0.11) in treatment with CCP versus standard of care for immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients. On the basis of this evidence, we encourage initiation of high-titer CCP from vaccinees(‘hybrid plasma’) in immunocompromised patients.
Archaeal Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM) Helicase Can Unwind DNA Bound by Archaeal Histones and Transcription Factors (2006)

Protein-DNA complexes must be disassembled to facilitate DNA replication. Replication forks contain a helicase that unwinds the duplex DNA at the front of the fork. The minichromosome maintenance helicase from the archaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus required only ATP to unwind DNA bound into complexes by the M. thermautotrophicus archaeal histone HMtA2, transcription repressor TrpY, or into a transcription pre-initiation complex by M. thermautotrophicus TATA-box-binding protein, transcription factor B, and RNA polymerase. In contrast, the minichromosome maintenance helicase was unable to unwind DNA bound by this archaeal RNA polymerase in a stalled transcript-elongating complex.
Optisch aktive Übergangsmetall‐Komplexe, XVI1) Kinetik und Mechanismus der Epimerisierung optisch aktiver Molybdän‐ und Wolfram‐Verbindungen (1973)

Abstract Die Epimerisierung der teteragonal‐pyramidalen Molybdän‐Komplexe 1a und b sowie der Wolfram‐Verbindungen 2a und b wurde in Dimethylformamid‐ und Acetonitril‐Lösung polarimetrisch verfolgt. Die Reaktionen verlaufen nach 1. Ordnung, und die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten ändern sich bei Zusatz von Triphenylophosphin und Schiffschen Basen nicht. Die Wolfram‐Komplexe 2a und b epimerisieren deutlich schneller als die entsprechenden Molybdän Verbindungen 1a und b . Die Epimerisierung dürfte über intramolekulare Pseudorotationen verlaufen.
Oscillatory optical response of amorphous plasmonic nanoparticle arrays (2012)

The optical response of metallic nanoparticle arrays is dominated by localized surface plasmon excitations and is the sum of individual particle contributions modified by inter-particle coupling depending on specific array geometry. Here we scrutinize how experimentally measured properties of large scale (30 mm$^{2}$) amorphous Au nanodisk arrays stem from single particle properties and their interaction. They give rise to a distinct oscillatory behavior of the plasmon peak position, full-width at half-maximum, and extinction efficiency which depends on the minimum particle center-to-center (CC) distance.
A Gravity Balancing Passive Exoskeleton for the Human Leg (2006)

A gravity balancing lower extremity exoskeleton is a simple mechanical device composed of rigid links, joints and springs, which is adjustable to the geometry and inertia of the leg of a human subject wearing it. This passive exoskeleton does not use any motors or controllers, yet can still unload the human leg joints of the gravity load over the full range of motion of the leg. The underlying principle of gravity balancing consists of two steps: (i) Locate the combined system center of mass of the human leg and the exoskeleton, (ii) Add springs to the exoskeleton, one between the center of mass of the combined system and the fixed frame representing the trunk, the others within the links of the exoskeleton so that the potential energy of the combined system is invariant with configuration of the leg. Additionally, parameters of the exoskeleton can be changed to achieve a prescribed level of partial balancing, between 0-gravity and 1-gravity.
Implementation of a Statewide Web-Based Caregiver Resource Information System (CareNav): Mixed Methods Study (2022)

These findings have implications for technology deployment in diverse community-based agencies that aspire to enhance web-based services.
The Effect of Stress Induced Anisotropy in Patterned FeCo Thin Film Structures (2006)

In this work, 1-μm-thick FeCo films with −320MPa compressive stress and FeCo∕NiFe films with 600MPa tensile stress were patterned into 5×20μm2 elements. The stress anisotropy resulting from patterning was measured using x-ray diffraction to be 220MPa for the tensile films and −170MPa for the compressive films and is in agreement with finite element modeling. Scanning electron microscopy with spin-polarization analysis imaging shows that the domain structure of the elements was influenced by this stress-induced anisotropy. Calculations of the effect of stress anisotropy were performed on domain configurations for the patterned structures. Results indicate that tensile stresses should reinforce closure domains, while compressive stresses of magnitude greater than 50MPa should result in an easy axis rotation, and are in agreement with the experimental results.
Antimalarial in-vivo activity of bis(9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridines) (2001)

In the fight against malaria, chemotherapy using bisacridines may represent an alternative method to overcoming chloroquine-resistance. Eight bis(9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridines), in which acridine moieties were linked by polyamines substituted with a side chain, were tested for their in-vivo activity upon mice infected by Plasmodium berghei. Three of the compounds revealed antimalarial activity but no relationship could be deduced from a comparison of in-vitro and in-vivo activities. N-alkylation of the central amino group generated toxicity and, therefore, only compounds N-acylated in this position can be selected as leads.
Novel online simulator for education of power electronics and electrical engineering (2010)

In this paper a novel online simulator is introduced that is integrated into the educational project iPES which is a free collection of Java applets for educational purpose. iPES has been translated into 12 languages and has currently more than 10, 000 visits per month. The novel online simulator is optimized for power electronics, easy to use, and allows unlimited simulation of converter topologies. The concept of embedding a circuit simulator in the form of a Java applet into a webpage allows the creation of power electronic and electrical engineering courses that are easy for students to access, highly flexible and require a low administrative effort. The paper will discuss the status of the iPES project in detail including all shortcomings and will show how the integration of the online simulator significantly improves the educational value.
Iron-Catalyzed Carbometalation of Propargylic and Homopropargylic Alcohols (2006)

Nucleophilic addition to alkynes represents an attractive approach to the synthesis of olefins. Obstacles to this strategy include the low reactivity of alkynes toward many organometallic reagents and difficulties associated with controlling the regioselectivity of addition. Here we demonstrate that Fe(III) salts are effective precatalysts for the carbometalation of alkynes. Primary and secondary propargylic and homopropargylic alcohols react with alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents to provide Z-allylic and -homoallylic alcohols as single stereo and regioisomers. Alkylation and arylation occur distal to the alcohol. Common oxygen protecting groups and tertiary nitrogens are tolerated. The intermediate vinyl magnesium or iron species can be trapped with a variety of electrophiles including aldehydes, allyl bromide, and N-bromosuccinimide. Diyne substrates undergo an unusual addition/cyclization reaction to generate cyclic dienes. A brief discussion of mechanism is included.
Automated Machine Learning for High-Throughput Image-Based Plant Phenotyping (2021)

Automated machine learning (AutoML) has been heralded as the next wave in artificial intelligence with its promise to deliver high-performance end-to-end machine learning pipelines with minimal effort from the user. However, despite AutoML showing great promise for computer vision tasks, to the best of our knowledge, no study has used AutoML for image-based plant phenotyping. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined the application of AutoML for image-based plant phenotyping using wheat lodging assessment with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery as an example. The performance of an open-source AutoML framework, AutoKeras, in image classification and regression tasks was compared to transfer learning using modern convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. For image classification, which classified plot images as lodged or non-lodged, transfer learning with Xception and DenseNet-201 achieved the best classification accuracy of 93.2%, whereas AutoKeras had a 92.4% accuracy. For image regression, which predicted lodging scores from plot images, transfer learning with DenseNet-201 had the best performance (R2 = 0.8303, root mean-squared error (RMSE) = 9.55, mean absolute error (MAE) = 7.03, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 12.54%), followed closely by AutoKeras (R2 = 0.8273, RMSE = 10.65, MAE = 8.24, MAPE = 13.87%). In both tasks, AutoKeras models had up to 40-fold faster inference times compared to the pretrained CNNs. AutoML has significant potential to enhance plant phenotyping capabilities applicable in crop breeding and precision agriculture.
Liver X receptor modulators: a review of recently patented compounds (2009 – 2012) (2013)

As LXR agonists have the potential to be useful for many indications, the scientific community, despite setbacks due to on-target side effects, has maintained interest and devised strategies to overcome safety hurdles. While a clinical proof of concept still remains elusive, the recent advancement of compounds into the clinic highlights that acceptable safety margins in preclinical species have been achieved.
When Distributed outperforms Centralized Scheduling in D2D-Enabled Cellular Networks (2018)

Device-to-device (D2D) communications is a promising technique for improving
the efficiency of 5G networks. Employing channel adaptive resource allocation
can yield to a large enhancement in almost any performance metric of D2D
communications (e.g. Energy Efficiency). In this paper, we show that minimizing
the users transmission power while maintaining predefined throughput constraint
can be performed by simply adapting existing LTE CSI feedback. Thus, we propose
a centralized scheduling that requires the knowledge of D2D links' Channel
State Information (CSI) at the base station level. However, this CSI reporting
suffers from the limited number of resources available for feedback
transmission. Alternately, we propose a distributed algorithm for resource
allocation that benefits from the users' knowledge of their local CSI in order
to minimize the users' transmission power while maintaining predefined
throughput constraints. The key idea is that users compute their local
performance metrics (e.g. energy efficiency) and then use a new signaling
mechanism to share these values between each other. Under some condition, the
performance of this distributed algorithm achieves that of the \textit{ideal}
scheduling (i.e. with a global CSI knowledge of all the D2D links). We describe
how these algorithms can be simply integrated to existing cellular networks.
Furthermore, numerical results are presented to corroborate our claims and
demonstrate the gain that the proposed scheduling algorithms bring to cellular
networks.
The 2021 flexible and printed electronics roadmap (2021)

Abstract This roadmap includes the perspectives and visions of leading researchers in the key areas of flexible and printable electronics. The covered topics are broadly organized by the device technologies (sections 1–9), fabrication techniques (sections 10–12), and design and modeling approaches (sections 13 and 14) essential to the future development of new applications leveraging flexible electronics (FE). The interdisciplinary nature of this field involves everything from fundamental scientific discoveries to engineering challenges; from design and synthesis of new materials via novel device design to modelling and digital manufacturing of integrated systems. As such, this roadmap aims to serve as a resource on the current status and future challenges in the areas covered by the roadmap and to highlight the breadth and wide-ranging opportunities made available by FE technologies.
Pedicle Screws (1994)

The expanding role of neurosurgeons in the field of spinal instrumentation makes it essential that there be an understanding of the biomechanics and uses of the evolving technology. Successful lumbar pedicle fixation requires the understanding of spinal anatomy and strict adherence to surgical technique. The choice of implant constructs and implant design will depend on the pathphysiology of the spinal segment at hand. The goal of spinal instrumentation is a stable spinal fusion across a motion segment(s). Pedicle fixation alone will not in all cases yield a satisfactory fusion outcome. The reconstruction of the injured spine is also key to the success of the implant. Attention must be paid to the reconstruction of the anterior spinal column if short segment fixation is to be used. The complication rates of pedicle instrumentation are low, with screw malposition in 2.6% and symptomatic instrumentation failure in 4.8% of cases without neurologic loss.
p73 Expression in human normal and tumor tissues: loss of p73alpha expression is associated with tumor progression in bladder cancer. (2003)

p73alpha plays a tumor suppressor role in bladder cancer, and its inactivation occurs through an epigenetic mechanism, most probably involving protein degradation.