gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of gadolinium‐based MR contrast on radiotherapy planning for oropharyngeal treatment on the MR Linac (2021)

Dose differences to targets and OARs in oropharyngeal cancer treatment due to the presence of GBCA were minimal, and this work suggests that prospective in vivo evaluations of impact may not be necessary in this clinical site. Accounting for GBCAs may not be needed in daily adaptive workflows on the MR Linac.
Differences between Midvastus and Subvastus TKA Surgical Approaches in the Tasks of Sitting and Standing (2013)

The mini-midvastus (MV) approach to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) minimizes damage to the extensor mechanism; however, the mini-subvastus (SV) approach is designed to avoid such damage. Quadriceps weakness following TKA can have a significant impact on the activities of daily living, particularly stand-to-sit down (STSD) and sit-to-stand up (STSU) activities. Fifty-three subjects diagnosed with primary osteoarthritis and scheduled to undergo TKA were randomized to receive an MV or SV surgical approach and were given identical postoperative orders. Compared with age-matched controls, the SV group had a quicker return of normal peak knee extension moment during STSU, whereas the MV group had a quicker return of normal movement patterns in hip, knee, and ankle parameters during STSD yet represented the higher functioning subjects as more MV subjects had difficulty completing the task as instructed. Considering both movements are required for daily living, neither surgical group was found to have a significant advantage over the other in functional outcome through 6 months post-TKA.
Comparison of Robot-Assisted Nephrectomy with Laparoscopic and Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephrectomy (2010)

Early experience with robotic assistance for radical and simple nephrectomy offers no significant advantage over traditional laparoscopic or hand-assisted approaches. It was also more costly.
Modulation in Selectivity and Allosteric Properties of Small-Molecule Ligands for CC-Chemokine Receptors (2012)

Among 18 human chemokine receptors, CCR1, CCR4, CCR5, and CCR8 were activated by metal ion Zn(II) or Cu(II) in complex with 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline with similar potencies (EC(50) from 3.9 to 172 μM). Besides being agonists, they acted as selective allosteric enhancers of CCL3. These actions were dependent on a conserved glutamic acid at TM-7 (VII:06/7.39). A screening of 20 chelator analogues in complex with Zn(II) identified compounds with increased potencies, with 7 reaching highest potency at CCR1 (EC(50) of 0.85 μM), 20 at CCR8 (0.39 μM), and 8 at CCR5 (1.0 μM). Altered selectivity for CCR1 and CCR8 over CCR5 (11, 12) and a receptor-dependent separation of allosteric from intrinsic properties were achieved (20). The pocket similarities of CCR1 and CCR8, contrary to CCR5 as proposed by the ligand screen, were elaborated by computational modeling. These studies facilitate exploration of chemokine receptors as possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
SPM compensation for next-generation 400-Gbps systems by means of advanced back-propagation (2011)

We investigate the interaction between linear and nonlinear compensation within back-propagation algorithm applied to next-generation 400-Gbps systems. A significant performance improvement is reported by taking into account the interaction of these two parts.
Data from CD8+ Enriched “Young” Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Can Mediate Regression of Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and interleukin (IL)-2 administered following lymphodepletion can cause the durable complete regression of bulky metastatic melanoma in patients refractory to approved treatments. However, the generation of a unique tumor-reactive TIL culture for each patient may be prohibitively difficult. We therefore investigated the clinical and immunologic impact of unscreened, CD8+ enriched “young” TIL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Methods were developed for generating TIL that minimized the time in culture and eliminated the individualized tumor-reactivity screening step. Thirty-three patients were treated with these CD8+ enriched young TIL and IL-2 following nonmyeloablative lymphodepletion (NMA). Twenty-three additional patients were treated with CD8+ enriched young TIL and IL-2 after lymphodepletion with NMA and 6 Gy of total body irradiation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Young TIL cultures for therapy were successfully established from 83% of 122 consecutive melanoma patients. Nineteen of 33 patients (58%) treated with CD8+ enriched young TIL and NMA had an objective response (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) including 3 complete responders. Eleven of 23 patients (48%) treated with TIL and 6 Gy total body irradiation had an objective response including 2 complete responders. At 1 month after TIL infusion the absolute CD8+ cell numbers in the periphery were highly correlated with response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; This study shows that a rapid and simplified method can be used to reliably generate CD8+ enriched young TIL for administration as an individualized therapy for advanced melanoma, and may allow this potentially effective treatment to be applied at other institutions and to reach additional patients. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 6122–31. ©2010 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Syntheses of 2,4‐diaryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,5‐benzothiazepines (2000)

Abstract The condensation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones with substituted o ‐aminothiophenols, obtained by reductive cleavage of the corresponding disulfides in the presence of triphenylphosphine, is an effective method for the synthesis of 2,4‐diaryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,5‐benzothiazepines under neutral conditions.
Evidence that the FK506-binding immunophilin heat shock protein 56 is required for trafficking of the glucocorticoid receptor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. (1995)

The FK506-binding immunophilin hsp56 (FKBP52) is one of several chaperone proteins associated with untrasformed steroid receptors in a multiprotein heterocomplex. The function of heat shock protein 56 (hsp56) with respect to receptor action is unknown. hsp56 is not required for glucocorticoid receptor heterocomplex assembly or for proper folding of the receptor hormone-binding domain into a high affinity steroid-binding conformation. In intact cells, the majority of the hsp56 is located in the nucleus, with a minority colocalizing with microtubules in the cytoplasm. hsp56 contains a conserved negatively charged domain that we speculate might serve as a nuclear localization signal recognition sequence. Here we show that injection of an antibody raised against this negative sequence into intact L cells impedes subsequent dexamethasone-mediated shift of the glucocorticoid receptor into the nucleus. Nonimmune rabbit serum and an antibody raised against another site on hsp56 do not affect receptor movement. Inhibition of receptor movement by the 419 antibody against the negative sequence is blocked by preincubation with purified hsp56, but not by preincubation with purified hsp90, hsp70, or BSA. These observations are consistent with the possibility that hsp56 is involved in receptor trafficking to the nucleus, possibly functioning as the nuclear localization signal recognition protein. Receptor trafficking to the nucleus is not affected by FK506, indicating that the peptidylprolyl isomerase activity of hsp56 is not involved.
Lead-iodide-based nanoscintillators for detection of ionizing radiation (2009)

Lead-iodide-based PbI<sub>2</sub>, PbIOH and Pb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals were synthesized by various chemical and mechanochemical solution methods. The nanocrystals were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), steady-state UV-visible optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and by photoluminescence lifetime and quantum efficiency measurements. Scintillation tests were performed on the lead-iodide based material exposed to low-level gamma irradiation.
MNC (2019)

Efficiently computing linear algebra expressions is central to machine learning (ML) systems. Most systems support sparse formats and operations because sparse matrices are ubiquitous and their dense representation can cause prohibitive overheads. Estimating the sparsity of intermediates, however, remains a key challenge when generating execution plans or performing sparse operations. These sparsity estimates are used for cost and memory estimates, format decisions, and result allocation. Existing estimators tend to focus on matrix products only, and struggle to attain good accuracy with low estimation overhead. However, a key observation is that real-world sparse matrices commonly exhibit structural properties such as a single non-zero per row, or columns with varying sparsity. In this paper, we introduce MNC (Matrix Non-zero Count), a remarkably simple, count-based matrix synopsis that exploits these structural properties for efficient, accurate, and general sparsity estimation. We describe estimators and sketch propagation for realistic linear algebra expressions. Our experiments - on a new estimation benchmark called SparsEst - show that the MNC estimator yields good accuracy with very low overhead. This behavior makes MNC practical and broadly applicable in ML systems.
Data from GLI2 Knockdown Using an Antisense Oligonucleotide Induces Apoptosis and Chemosensitizes Cells to Paclitaxel in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; GLI transcription factors mediate hedgehog signaling and have been implicated in several human malignancies, including prostate cancer. The objectives of this study were to characterize GLI2 expression levels in human prostate cancer cell lines and tissues to test the effect of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting GLI2 on androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A tissue microarray was used to characterize differences in GLI2 expression in benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate cancer treated by neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and AI prostate cancer. The effects of GLI2 ASO on PC-3 cell growth and paclitaxel chemosensitivity were assessed &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Oligonucleotide spotted microarray analysis was used to determine alteration in GLI2 coregulated genes after ASO treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The expression of GLI2 was significantly higher in prostate cancer than in benign prostate hyperplasia, decreased after androgen ablation in a time-dependent fashion, but became highly expressed again in AI prostate cancer. GLI2 ASO treatment of PC-3 cells reduced GLI2 mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. GLI2 knockdown increased PC-3 cell apoptotic rates and significantly decreased cell growth and modulated levels of apoptosis-related genes, such as Bcl2, Bcl-xL, and clusterin. GLI2 knockdown also changed levels of several cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin D1, p27, and PKC-η. Systematic administration of GLI2 ASO in athymic mice significantly delayed PC-3 tumor progression and enhanced paclitaxel chemosensitivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings suggest that increased levels of GLI2 correlates with AI progression and that GLI2 may be a therapeutic target in castrate-resistant prostate cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
New Chemistry for Chromium-Free Bentonite Drilling Fluids Stable at High Temperatures (1995)

ABSTRACT The broad substitution of aqueous drilling fluids for oil-based muds will require that the performance limitations of current aqueous muds be overcome. The research described in this paper is focused on the most commonly-used aqueous drilling fluids, lignosulfonate (LS03)-dispersed bentonite muds, and addresses two important issues that restrict their wider use: their limited stability at elevated temperature, and their reliance on chromium-containing additives (Cr-LSO3 and Cr-lignite) for control of their rheological properties. In this paper, new hypotheses regarding the mode of action of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in Cr-LSO3/bentonite muds are formulated on the basis of new and published experimental observations. Of primary importance are the ideas that (1) LSO3-bound Cr(III) is the form which enhances the thinning power of LSO3 and (2) Cr(VI) stabilizes LSO3/bentonite muds primarily by acting as a latent source of Cr(III). Acting on these hypotheses, it has been found that Cr(III) complexes of appropriate kinetic stability can duplicate the rheology-stabilizing function of Cr(VI). Further pursuit of this coordination chemical approach has led to the identification of a family of Zr(IV) complexes with which chromium-free drilling fluids of outstanding rheological stability can be prepared. The general chemical factors influencing the rheology-stabilizing activity of metal ion complexes are examined. Finally, the unexpected and remarkable thinning power of the Zr(IV) citrate complex is described and its implications for the formulation of novel drilling fluids are briefly discussed.
Infectious complications after autologous CD34-selected peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (2002)

CD34 selection of peripheral hematopoietic blood stem cell products has been applied to reduce the risk of relapse after an autologous transplantation. However, CD34 selection is also associated with a significant reduction in T-cells, natural killer cells, and monocytes, and these reductions may influence immune reconstitution and thus increase the risk for infections. An increased incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in patients receiving CD34-selected transplants has been reported. In this study, the incidence rate of infections other than CMV is reported in 32 patients who underwent myeloablative therapy followed by the infusion of CD34-selected autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and compared to the rate in a contemporaneous group of 273 patients who received unselected autologous PBSC during the same time period. Infection surveillance and prevention strategies were identical between the 2 groups. More non-CMV infections occurred in the recipients of CD34-selected PBSC than in recipients of unselected PBSC (78% versus 30%, P < .0001). The differences in the rates of viral infections were mainly due to dermatomal and disseminated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) (any VZV, 26% versus 4%, P = .002; disseminated VZV, 11% versus 0.3%, P = .03) and parainfluenza 3 virus infections (13% versus 3%, P = .04). Bacterial infections were also more common among CD34-selected PBSC transplant recipients (34% versus 16%, P = .01), whereas fungal infections were not significantly different between the groups. In multivariable logistic regression models, the effect of CD34 selection on infection risk remained significant for viral infections and overall non-CMV infections. Infection-related mortality was not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, the incidence of viral and bacterial infections appears to be increased in recipients of CD34-selected autologous PBSC transplants. Because the risk for infections approaches that seen in allogeneic transplant recipients, infection surveillance, diagnostic work-up, and prevention strategies similar to those used in allogeneic recipients are warranted.
Production of Ovine Chimeras by Inner Cell Mass Transplantation1 (1987)

Ovine chimeras were produced by micro-injection of isolated inner cell masses (ICM) into recipient blastocysts. Inner cell masses were isolated by immunosurgery. A total of 57 chimeric embryos was produced, 52 of which were transferred to recipient ewes. Thirty-seven live lambs were born, of which 15 were determined to be chimeric on the basis of blood type analysis. One lamb, although not a blood chimera, exhibited overt signs of chimerism. An additional six lambs were determined to have developed solely from the injected ICM. The rate of chimerism in live lambs was 43% (16/37) while the survival rate of injected ICM was 59% (22/37). The method presented allows the production of relatively large proportion of viable, chimeric embryos without the use of an intermediate recipient.
Topological edge modes in multilayer graphene systems (2015)

Plasmons can be supported on graphene sheets as the Dirac electrons oscillate collectively. A tight-binding model for graphene plasmons is a good description as the field confinement in the normal direction is strong. With this model, the topological properties of plasmonic bands in multilayer graphene systems are investigated. The Zak phases of periodic graphene sheet arrays are obtained for different configurations. Analogous to Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model in electronic systems, topological edge plasmon modes emerge when two periodic graphene sheet arrays with different Zak phases are connected. Interestingly, the dispersion of these topological edge modes is the same as that in the monolayer graphene and is invariant as the geometric parameters of the structure such as the separation and period change. These plasmonic edge states in multilayer graphene systems can be further tuned by electrical gating or chemical doping.
Specific Secondary Bile Acids Control Chicken Necrotic Enteritis (2021)

Necrotic enteritis (NE), mainly induced by the pathogens of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> and coccidia, causes huge economic losses with limited intervention options in the poultry industry. This study investigated the role of specific bile acids on NE development. Day-old broiler chicks were assigned to six groups: noninfected, NE, and NE with four bile diets of 0.32% chicken bile, 0.15% commercial ox bile, 0.15% lithocholic acid (LCA), or 0.15% deoxycholic acid (DCA). The birds were infected with <i>Eimeria maxima</i> at day 18 and <i>C. perfringens</i> at day 23 and 24. The infected birds developed clinical NE signs. The NE birds suffered severe ileitis with villus blunting, crypt hyperplasia, epithelial line disintegration, and massive immune cell infiltration, while DCA and LCA prevented the ileitis histopathology. NE induced severe body weight gain (BWG) loss, while only DCA prevented NE-induced BWG loss. Notably, DCA reduced the NE-induced inflammatory response and the colonization and invasion of <i>C. perfringens</i> compared to NE birds. Consistently, NE reduced the total bile acids in the ileal digesta, while dietary DCA and commercial bile restored it. Together, this study showed that DCA and LCA reduced NE histopathology, suggesting that secondary bile acids, but not total bile acid levels, play an essential role in controlling the enteritis.
Device-level early floorplanning algorithms for RF circuits (1999)

High-frequency circuits are notoriously difficult to lay out because of the tight coupling between device-level placement and wiring. Given that successful electrical performance requires careful control of the lowest-level geometric features-wire bends, precise length, planarity, etc., we suggest a new layout strategy for these circuits: early floorplanning at the device level. This paper develops a floorplanner for radio-frequency circuits based on a genetic algorithm (GA) that supports fully simultaneous placement and routing. The GA evolves slicing-style floorplans comprising devices and planned areas for wire meanders. Each floorplan candidate is fully routed with a gridless, detailed maze-router which can dynamically resize the floorplan as necessary. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of this approach to successfully optimize for wire planarity, realize multiple constraints on net lengths or phases, and achieve reasonable area in modest CPU times.
Functional (GT)n polymorphisms in promoter region of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor 2A subunit (GRIN2A) gene affect hippocampal and amygdala volumes (2009)

The glutamate system including N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) affects synaptic formation, plasticity and maintenance. Recent studies have shown a variable (GT)n polymorphism in the promoter region of the NMDA subunit gene (GRIN2A) and a length-dependent inhibition of transcriptional activity by the (GT)n repeat. In the present study, we examined whether the GRIN2A polymorphism is associated with regional brain volume especially in medial temporal lobe structures, in which the NMDA-dependent synaptic processes have been most extensively studied. Gray matter regions of interest (ROIs) for the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus were outlined manually on the magnetic resonance images of 144 healthy individuals. In addition, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was conducted to explore the association of genotype with regional gray matter volume from everywhere in the brain in the same sample. The manually measured hippocampal and amygdala volumes were significantly larger in subjects with short allele carriers (n = 89) than in those with homozygous long alleles (n = 55) when individual differences in intracranial volume were accounted for. The VBM showed no significant association between the genotype and regional gray matter volume in any brain region. These findings suggest that the functional GRIN2A (GT)n polymorphism could weakly but significantly impact on human medial temporal lobe volume in a length-dependent manner, providing in vivo evidence of the role of the NMDA receptor in human brain development.
Innovations in radio frequency breakdown detection methods (2016)

In this work, multiple methods of detecting radio frequency (RF) breakdown are described. This includes methods for detecting multipactor breakdown in vacuum and ionization breakdown at intermediate pressures between atmosphere and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> Torr. It describes sensitivity of multiple common detection methods in various passive microwave component types. New innovations in breakdown detection are described as well.
Comparative performance, leakage power and switching power of circuits in 150 nm PD-SOI and bulk technologies including impact of SOI history effect (2002)

History effect measurements on different circuits in a 150 nm SOI technology show no adverse impact on worst-case delay vs. leakage trade-offs. The performance advantage of SOI over bulk is shown to come mostly from capacitance reduction. Hence, it will diminish with technology scaling.
THE ROLE OF SEATBACK AND HEAD RESTRAINT DESIGN PARAMETERS ON REAR IMPACT OCCUPANT DYNAMICS (2003)

Although typically classified as AIS 1, whiplash injuries continue to represent a substantial societal problem with associated costs estimated at over $5 billion annually in the US. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of seatback and head restraint design parameters on occupant response in rear impact. Rear impact sled tests were conducted using the Hybrid III mid-sized male (50M) dummy seated in a modified production seat, which allowed for the adjustment of recliner stiffness, seatback cushion stiffness, and head restraint height. Instrumentation provided measurements of neck forces and moments, head motion relative to the torso, seatback rotation, and head contact. An on-board digital video camera recorded dummy kinematics. Results from this study indicate that the risk of whiplash injury is not simply related to head restraint position, but is dependent on a combination of factors related to both head restraint and seatback design. For the covering abstract see ITRD E825082.