gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic Classification of Phytoplankton with Multivariate Optical Computing, Part II: Design and Experimental Protocol of a Shipboard Fluorescence Imaging Photometer (2013)

Differential pigmentation between phytoplankton allows use of fluorescence excitation spectroscopy for the discrimination and classification of different taxa. Here, we describe the design and performance of a fluorescence imaging photometer that exploits taxonomic differences for discrimination and classification. The fluorescence imaging photometer works by illuminating individual phytoplankton cells through an asynchronous spinning filter wheel, which produces bar code-like streaks in a fluorescence image. A filter position is covered with an opaque filter to create a reference dark position in the filter wheel rotation that is used to match each fluorescence streak with the corresponding filter. Fluorescence intensities of the imaged streaks are then analyzed for the purpose of spectral analysis, which allows taxonomic classification of the organism that produced the streaks. The theoretical performance and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) specifications of these MOEs are described in Part I of this series. This report describes optical layout, flow cell design, magnification, depth of field, constraints on filter wheel and flow velocities, procedures for blank subtraction and flat-field correction, the measurement scheme of the instrument, and measurement of SNR as a measurement of filter wheel frequency. This is followed by an analysis of the sources of variance in measurements made by the photometer on the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. We conclude that the SNR of E. huxleyi measurements is not limited by the sensitivity or noise attributes of the measurement system, but by dynamics in the fluorescence efficiency of the E. huxleyi cells. Even so, the minimum SNR requirements given in Part I for the instrument are met.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2,4‐DIAMINO‐5‐(4‐ARYLTHIOPHENYL)‐ AND 5‐(4‐ARYLSULFONYLPHENYL)‐PYRIMIDINES AS ANTIMALARIALS (1974)

Abstract Aus den p‐Tolylthioäthern (I) entstehen mit N‐Bromsuccinimid (NBS) und Cyanidionen die Nitrile (IIb), die unter alkalischen Bedingungen mit den Estern (III) zu (IV) acyliert werden.
Characterization of Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds in Hydrocracking Feedstocks by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Advanced characterization of two heavy hydrocracking unit feedstocks, Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil (HVGO) and De-Metallized Oil (DMO), both derived from Arabian Light crude oil, was performed using High Resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to gain in-depth information on their aromaticity characteristics and heteroatom content, i.e., sulfur- and nitrogen-compounds. In order to obtain chemically utilizable information, each individual mass signal in the high resolution mass spectra was linked to its underlying elemental composition, the relevant double bond equivalent (aromatic properties), and carbon number. The DMO differs from the VGO in the N-, and S-species distribution patterns. The DMO contains heavier and more condensed aromatic species than the HVGO. Species with up to three sulfur- and up to two nitrogen-atoms per molecule were found in both feedstocks. Nitrogen is present in both feedstocks in pyrrole- and pyridine-structures. Besides, numerous mono-, di-, and trisulfur species and acridines and carbazoles that contain 1 to 3 additional sulfur atoms in the same molecule were found in both feedstocks.
The Beauty of Capturing Faces: Rating the Quality of Digital Portraits (2015)

Digital portrait photographs are everywhere, and while the number of face pictures keeps growing, not much work has been done to on automatic portrait beauty assessment. In this paper, we design a specific framework to automatically evaluate the beauty of digital portraits. To this end, we procure a large dataset of face images annotated not only with aesthetic scores but also with information about the traits of the subject portrayed. We design a set of visual features based on portrait photography literature, and extensively analyze their relation with portrait beauty, exposing interesting findings about what makes a portrait beautiful. We find that the beauty of a portrait is linked to its artistic value, and independent from age, race and gender of the subject. We also show that a classifier trained with our features to separate beautiful portraits from non-beautiful portraits outperforms generic aesthetic classifiers.
Temperature and force response characteristics of friction stir welding on Invar 36 alloy (2013)

The temperature and force response during friction stir welding of Invar 36 alloy were investigated by experimental measurement and numerical simulation. The effect of welding parameters was studied. The temperature and force characteristics were roughly discussed. It is indicated that an elevation rotational speed results in increasing temperature and decreasing axial force, whereas rotational speed has no obvious influence on the longitudinal force. An elevation travelling speed produces increasing axial force and longitudinal force, and a decreased trend of temperature out of stir zone centre. Friction stir welding of Invar 36 alloy produced relatively high peak temperatures, high axial and longitudinal forces, and a narrow temperature distribution compared with those of the other reported high melting temperature materials.
La–Mo emitters in hollow cathodes (1980)

A hollow cathode which utilizes lanthanum molybdenum (LM) as the active electron emitter is described and compared in performance to a LaB6 emitter of equal area in an identical configuration. Tests in both argon and hydrogen produced effective emission current densities of up to 10 A/cm2 from the LM material in continuous and long pulse operation. Examination after 40 h running time showed no sign of damage or rapid evaporation. Impurity build up on the emitting surfaces which stopped the LaB6 emission after 50 h was not apparent with the LM and long lifetimes are anticipated for cathodes using this emitter.
The Influence of Hydroxyls on the Cr/Silica Polymerization Catalyst (1983)

The activity and termination rate of the Phillips Cr/silica polymerization catalyst have been examined in relation to the surface hydroxyl population. Results indicate that, far from being a necessary part of the active center as has sometimes been proposed, these hydroxyls may actually interfere with the active site. Hydroxyls could be removed by chemical as well as by thermal means to improve activity and melt index potential, such as by treating the catalyst in carbon monoxide, sulfur, or halides.
Patterning Adjacent Supported Lipid Bilayers of Desired Composition To Investigate Receptor−Ligand Binding under Shear Flow (2004)

To achieve efficient targeting, carriers containing either drugs or imaging agents must have surface properties that promote binding to targets yet at the same time block rapid immune system clearance. Here we describe a versatile technique that allows simultaneous comparison of the effects of carrier surface composition on binding properties under identical flow conditions. Parallel lanes of supported lipid bilayers that mimic the surface of liposomal delivery vehicles are formed using the vesicle fusion method in microfluidic channels created via standard soft lithography techniques. Vesicle stock solutions are premixed and injected into lanes formed by a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp reversibly sealed to a glass slide to create adjacent lanes of distinct composition. After removing the stamp, an adsorbed layer of bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used to prevent bilayer spreading before assembling the patterned substrate into a flow chamber for binding studies. Advantages of this method include easy and rapid preparation of bilayers with desired compositions from an unlimited number of lipid types, choice of feature size, time-stable features, and low nonspecific binding. Feature sizes on the order of tens of microns allow multiple compositions to be analyzed in one field of view, thereby reducing the number of experiments, ensuring identical flow conditions, and enabling simultaneous incorporation of controls. We show that the presence of a long poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tether (MW 2000) between the lipid and ligand results in higher detachment resistances as compared to a short six-carbon spacer.
About The Innovation…Inset Glenoid Technology: A Paradigm Shift in Shoulder Replacement Surgery (2020)

Shoulder arthroplasty surgery has progressively expanded and improved over the past 50 years, but long-term results are still limited by glenoid fixation failure and implant wear. Inset glenoid fixation technology offers a paradigm shift away from classic surface onlay implants to a new clinically proven, scientifically tested form of surgical fixation with excellent long-term results.
Interconnect opportunities for gigascale integration (2003)

During the past decade, interconnects have replaced transistors as the dominant determiner of chip performance. To sustain the historical rate of advance in performance, monolithic interconnect technology has rapidly evolved to keep pace with advances in transistor density and performance. New and radically different interconnect technologies will become increasingly important to future gigascale microsystems.
Normalizing cDNA Libraries (2010)

The characterization of rare messages in cDNA libraries is complicated by the substantial variations that exist in the abundance levels of different transcripts in cells and tissues. The equalization (normalization) of cDNA is a helpful approach for decreasing the prevalence of abundant transcripts, thereby facilitating the assessment of rare transcripts. This unit provides a method for duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-based normalization, which allows for the fast and reliable equalization of cDNA, thereby facilitating the generation of normalized, full-length-enriched cDNA libraries, and enabling efficient RNA analyses.
Molecular basis for the substrate specificity of a serine threonine-specific protein kinase (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular basis for the substrate specificity of a serine threonine-specific protein kinaseTae Ryong Lee, Marianne Mendelow, Jaya Srinivasan, Young Guen Kwon, and David S. LawrenceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 22, 9888–9891Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00075a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chronic Consumption of Flavanol-rich Cocoa Improves Endothelial Function and Decreases Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women (2006)

Endothelial dysfunction characterizes many disease states including subclinical atherosclerosis. The consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and cocoa-based products has been shown to improve endothelial function in both compromised and otherwise normal, healthy individuals when administered either acutely or over a period of several days, or weeks. Women experience increased risk for cardiovascular disease after menopause, which can be associated with endothelial dysfunction. Whether a flavanol-rich cocoa-based product can improve endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women is not known. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic dietary administration of flavanol-rich cocoa improves endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular health in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Thirty-two postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women were randomly assigned to consume a high-flavanol cocoa beverage (high cocoa flavanols (CF)--446 mg of total flavanols), or a low-flavanol cocoa beverage (low CF--43 mg of total flavanols) for 6 weeks in a double-blind study (n=16 per group). Endothelial function was determined by brachial artery-reactive hyperemia. Plasma was analyzed for lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone), total nitrate/nitrite, activation of cellular adhesion markers (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E-Selectin, P-Selectin), and platelet function and reactivity. Changes in these plasma markers were then correlated to brachial reactivity. Brachial artery hyperemic blood flow increased significantly by 76% (P<0.05 vs. baseline) after the 6-week cocoa intervention in the high CF group, compared with 32% in the low CF cocoa group (P=ns vs. baseline). The 2.4-fold increase in hyperemic blood flow with high CF cocoa closely correlated (r2=0.8) with a significant decrease (11%) in plasma levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Similar responses were not observed after chronic use of low CF. There were no significant differences between high and low CF in other biochemical markers and parameters measured. This study is the first to identify beneficial vascular effects of flavanol-rich cocoa consumption in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. In addition, our results suggest that reductions in plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 after chronic consumption of a flavanol-rich cocoa may be mechanistically linked to improved vascular reactivity.
(Invited) Electrical and Physical Properties of High-k Gate Dielectrics on InxGa1-xAs (2010)

The electrical and physical properties of high-k gate dielectrics on InxGa1-xAs with different surface passivation techniques have been studied. A model based on disordered-induced gap states is described which explains the frequency dispersion behavior observed in capacitance-voltage measurements. InxGa1-xAs MOSFETs with different ex-situ surface passivation techniques and HfO2 gate dielectric were fabricated and characterized. The results of transport characteristics are compared and correlated to associated physical measurements.
Decreased Exercise Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Response in Diabetic Subjects With Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (1986)

Abnormal hemodynamic responses to exercise have been observed in diabetic subjects, but the pathogenesis and significance remain uncertain. We used maximal treadmill exercise to study 32 subjects with long-term insulin-dependent diabetes without clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Two of the 32 had occult ischemic heart disease revealed by stress electrocardiography and myocardial-perfusion scintigraphy and were excluded from subsequent analysis. In the remaining 30 subjects, we compared the responses to exercise of the 17 subjects with cardiac autonomic neuropathy diagnosed by noninvasive maneuvers (group 1) with the 13 without (group 2). At rest, the pressure-rate product (PRP) was higher in group 1 (114.0 +/- 5.7 vs. 95.9 +/- 5.3, P less than .05). With maximal exercise the increase in heart rate (44.6 +/- 4.8 vs. 79.0 +/- 5.4 beats/min, P less than .001), systolic blood pressure (36.8 +/- 5.9 vs. 55.0 +/- 5.8 mmHg, P = .02), and the PRP (102.0 +/- 7.3 vs. 182.0 +/- 8.2, P less than .001) were all lower in group 1 than in group 2, despite similar total treadmill times (631 +/- 47 vs. 587 +/- 40 s, P greater than .1). At each stage of exercise, the increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure was lower in group 1 patients. The severity of cardiac autonomic neuropathy correlated inversely with the maximal increase in heart rate (r = -.68, P less than .001) and the PRP (r = -.58, P less than .005). Age, duration of diabetes, and the presence and severity of microvascular disease did not correlate with any of the hemodynamic parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publisher Correction: Unravelling the immune signature of Plasmodium falciparum transmission-reducing immunity (2018)

The original version of this Article contained errors in Fig. 3. In panel a, bars from a chart depicting the percentage of antibody-positive individuals in non-infectious and infectious groups were inadvertently included in place of bars depicting the percentage of infectious individuals, as described in the Article and figure legend. However, the p values reported in the Figure and the resulting conclusions were based on the correct dataset. The corrected Fig. 3a now shows the percentage of infectious individuals in antibody-negative and -positive groups, in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. The incorrect and correct versions of Figure 3a are also presented for comparison in the accompanying Publisher Correction as Figure 1.The HTML version of the Article also omitted a link to Supplementary Data 6. The error has now been fixed and Supplementary Data 6 is available to download.
Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes of Mesenchymal Origin Express Functional B Cell-Activating Factor of the TNF Family in Response to Proinflammatory Cytokines (2005)

Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the intimal lining cells of synovial tissue of inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis differed from that of normal joints or of diseased joints in osteoarthritis in that they stained with mAb specific for the B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF; also called BLyS). We generated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cell lines that were bereft of myelomonocytic cells to examine whether mesenchymal-derived FLS could express this critical B cell survival factor. We found that FLS expressed low amounts of BAFF mRNA relative to that of myelomonocytic cells. However, when various cytokines/factors were added to such FLS cell lines, we found that IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha were unique in that they could induce significant increases in BAFF mRNA and protein. Even minute amounts of IFN-gamma primed FLS for TNF-alpha, allowing the latter to stimulate significantly higher levels of BAFF mRNA and protein than could TNF-alpha alone. Consistent with this, B cells cocultured with IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha-treated FLS had a significantly greater viability than B cells cocultured with nontreated FLS. The enhanced protection of B cells afforded by IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-treated FLS was inhibited by the addition of BAFF-R:Fc fusion protein. We conclude that the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha can induce mesenchymal-derived FLS to express functional BAFF in vitro. The induced expression of BAFF on FLS by proinflammatory cytokines may enhance the capacity of such cells to protect B cells from apoptosis in inflammatory microenvironments in vivo.
A distributed file system for intermittent power (2013)

Designing server clusters for intermittent power introduces new possibilities to make them cheaper, greener, and more reliable, including leveraging variable electricity prices to buy more power when it is cheap, increasing the use of clean renewable energy, and capping power at low levels to extend UPS lifetime during blackouts. However, regulating power usage to take advantage of these possibilities is challenging, since applications often access persistent distributed state, where power fluctuations impact I/O performance and data availability. To address the problem, we design and implement BlinkFS, which combines a blinking abstraction with a power-balanced data layout and popularity-based replication/reclamation to optimize I/O throughput and latency as power varies. Our experiments show that BlinkFS outperforms existing approaches, particularly at low steady power levels and high levels of intermittency. As one example of our results, we show that BlinkFS reduces completion time for MapReduce-style jobs by 42% at 50% full power compared to an existing energy-proportional DFS.
EGFR isoforms and gene regulation in human endometrial cancer cells (2010)

Type I Ishikawa H and type II Hec50co endometrial carcinoma cells both express EGFR and sEGFR, but differ markedly in their responsiveness to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. This difference is paralleled by differences in the expression of sEGFR and EGFR, as well as in their transcriptional response following treatment with either EGF or gefitinib. The small cluster of differently regulated genes reported here in these type I vs. type II endometrial cancer-derived cell lines may identify candidate biomarkers useful for predicting sensitivity to EGFR blockade.
Optimising Educational Materials for Alternative Energy Technologies (2013)

The Centre for Education and Research in Environmental Strategies in Melbourne, Australia, needed better educational materials to inform a casual audience on the role of renewable energy technologies in today’s society. With guidance from experts at Museums Victoria and the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, we learned how to develop effective educational resources. The resulting design process enabled the creation of informative, attractive, and engaging educational materials. Our team developed an educational display and implemented a collection of web pages for the CERES biogas digester. We provided recommendations for the further use of our design process in the improvement of the remaining technological displays and in the aesthetic development of the renewable energy park.
Prevention of allergen‐specific IgE production and suppression of an established Th2‐type response by immunization with DNA encoding hypoallergenic allergen derivatives of Bet v 1, the major birch‐pollen allergen (2003)

In atopic patients, programming towards a preferential Th2 immunity leads to IgE antibody production and cellular Th2 immunity against otherwise harmless antigens. We report the development of prophylactic and therapeutic DNA vaccines for the major birch-pollen allergen, Bet v 1. We constructed three DNA vaccines, coding for the complete cDNA, coding for two hypoallergenic fragments or coding for a hypoallergenic Bet v 1 mutant. The protective effect was studied in mice pretreated by intradermal DNA injections, then sensitized with Bet v 1 protein. Mice pretreated with any of the three Bet v 1-specific DNA vaccines were protected against allergic sensitization to Bet v 1. Protection was characterized by a lack of Bet v 1-specific IgE production, a lack of basophil activation and an enhanced IFN-gamma expression. DNA vaccines with wild-type Bet v 1 induced strong Bet v 1-specific antibody responses whereas DNA vaccines with hypoallergenic Bet v 1 derivatives induced no (fragments) or only transient (mutant) Bet v 1-specific antibody responses. A therapeutic approach with the fragment-DNA vaccine reduced IgE production and stimulated a sustained Th1 cytokine milieu. Our results demonstrate that DNA vaccines with hypoallergenic forms of the allergen specifically protect against sensitization and suppress established Th2-type responses. This concept may be applied for the development of safe and specific DNA vaccines for the prophylaxis and therapy of allergic diseases.