gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD11b (Mac-1): a marker for CD8+ cytotoxic T cell activation and memory in virus infection (1992)

We have found that CD11b, a cell surface integrin of macrophages, granulocytes, and NK cells, is expressed by a subset of CD8+ T cells that include both the active virus-specific CTL and the virus-specific memory CTL populations. CD8+CD11b+ cells comprise less than 3% of naive mouse splenocytes, but after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection increase by 9- to 12-fold by the peak (day 8) of the virus-specific CTL response. Depletion of day-8 splenocytes with anti-Mac-1 and C' or enrichment by sorting for CD11b+ or CD8+CD11b+ spleen cells demonstrated that LCMV-specific CTL are CD11b+. The CD11b+ subpopulation also contained the bulk of the IL-2-responsive CD8+ cells. MEL-14, a homing marker down-regulated on activated T cells, was down-regulated on the majority of CD8+ cells that became CD11b+. Less than 1% of LCMV-immune splenic lymphocytes expressed CD11b. Antibody and C' depletion of this population severely impaired the ability of immune splenocytes to respond to in vitro secondary stimulation with LCMV-infected peritoneal macrophages, but did not affect the generation of a primary allospecific CTL response in MLC. Mixing of CD8-depleted and CD11b-depleted LCMV-immune splenocytes failed to restore the ability of these cells to mount a virus-specific memory CTL response, indicating that a cell coexpressing CD8 and CD11b is essential for this response. As determined by limiting dilution analysis, the precursors for the LCMV-specific memory CTL response were enriched in the CD11b+ population of LCMV-immune splenocytes. CD11b stained far fewer CD8+ splenocytes from naive mice than did CD44 (Pgp-1), and among immune splenocytes it identified a small subpopulation of CD44hi cells, indicating that CD11b may be the best single marker available for discriminating between naive and memory CD8+ T cells.
Distributed Cooperative Framework and Algorithms for wireless Network Performance Optimization (2007)

In Wireless Local Access Networks (WLANs), the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the primary element that determines the efficiency of sharing the limited communication bandwidth of the wireless channel. IEEE 802.11 MAC uses the contention-based Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) as a fundamental medium access mechanism. However, the dynamic nature of the wireless environment creates mobility challenges of maintaining maximum channel capacity, of obtaining optimal throughput and latency, and of retaining good security in a distributed wireless network. This dissertation first introduces a set of parameters to characterize the medium status and radio environment, and a mechanism for mobile devices to exchange measurements in order to obtain broad and comprehensive knowledge of the wireless environment. Then the dissertation proposes a distributed cooperative wireless architecture and framework, and three cooperative algorithms to optimize wireless network performance. The cooperative algorithms allow wireless devices to cooperatively adjust configurations and optimize operations based on the characteristics of the environment. The first algorithm adaptively adjusts the contention window size to reduce the number of collisions as the number of mobile devices increases, in order to reach maximum channel utilization. However, if a channel reaches the saturated state, the throughput per user decreases significantly. Therefore, the second algorithm discussed in this dissertation is to select the best Access Point (AP) in overlapped AP coverage areas to balance network loads and maximally utilize the network capacity. When the mobile device transitions from one AP to another AP, it may take milliseconds to seconds due to required re-association and re-authentication with the new AP. Thus, the third cooperative algorithm optimizes the device transition to provide an acceptable balance of latency and security. The corresponding simulation or experiment results that demonstrate a significant improvement of wireless network performance are explained for each algorithm. Forgery and confidentiality are major concerns for distributed radio resource measurement and cooperation. Thus, this dissertation concludes with an analysis of security threats to radio resource measurement and cooperation, and proposes an action frame protection scheme to ensure secure distributed cooperative wireless networks.
Allegro: A Metrics Framework for Globally Distributed Service Delivery (2012)

Globalization and specialization are growing trends in service organizations. Engineering and operating optimal structures within these service organizations requires coordinating the doing of service work, which in turn requires capturing and sharing information across localized teams. There is a need for a metrics framework, implemented in information technology, to make this possible. This paper describes the need for a metrics framework in global service delivery, properties of effective metrics frameworks, and Allegro, a metrics framework that is designed specifically to support globally distributed human intensive work, such as complex software development. Allegro is based on an abstract model of service delivery as a decomposition into a network of atomic service requests, each formalized according to a protocol we call Work-as-a-Service (WaaS). In this approach, Metrics do not only fulfill their traditional roles in driving quality and improvement. They also serve as configurable sensors essential to the effective coordination of a distributed service network.
30% static power improvement on ARM Cortex®-A53 using static Biasing-Anticipation (2016)

This paper presents an energy efficiency improvement methodology based on the use of additional static biasing instead of margins during design stage. While the impact of margins used to prevent unsystematic process limitations cannot be recovered after fabrication, using biasing anticipation offers the possibility to enable the degradation recovery only when it is required. A CAD study on ARM Cortex <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> -M4 Microcontrollers (MCU) showed up to 50% of static current reduction at typical corner, nominal voltage, compared to the margin-based methodology. An implementation of a 1GHz ARM Cortex <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> -A53 core in 28nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) was performed using this methodology, and silicon measurements on 60 dies confirmed up to 30% median static power improvements.
Use of direct introduction of allograft anchors for rotator cuff repair. (2005)

Allograft anchors that can be inserted directly through the greater tuberosity were developed, tested, and used clinically for rotator cuff repair. Mechanical strength testing was performed, and allograft anchors were used in 63 consecutive procedures by a single surgeon. The insertion technique involved directly impacting the allograft anchor through the greater tuberosity without drilling a hole in the bone. Results of mechanical testing showed strengths comparable with those of other anchors (155.8 N), and the anchors locked consistently. This direct insertion technique saves time and procedural steps over traditional anchor insertion techniques while using an allograft anchor that reincorporates into host bone.
Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society (2018)

There is a marked increase in the development and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems or electronic cigarettes (ECIGs). This statement covers electronic cigarettes (ECIGs), defined as "electrical devices that generate an aerosol from a liquid" and thus excludes devices that contain tobacco. Database searches identified published articles that were used to summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology of ECIG use; their ingredients and accompanied health effects; second-hand exposure; use of ECIGs for smoking cessation; behavioural aspects of ECIGs and social impact; <i>in vitro</i> and animal studies; and user perspectives.ECIG aerosol contains potentially toxic chemicals. As compared to conventional cigarettes, these are fewer and generally in lower concentrations. Second-hand exposures to ECIG chemicals may represent a potential risk, especially to vulnerable populations. There is not enough scientific evidence to support ECIGs as an aid to smoking cessation due to a lack of controlled trials, including those that compare ECIGs with licenced stop-smoking treatments. So far, there are conflicting data that use of ECIGs results in a renormalisation of smoking behaviour or for the gateway hypothesis. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that ECIGs can have multiple negative effects. The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term. Based on current knowledge, negative health effects cannot be ruled out.
Effect of Solar Radiation on Skin Microbiome: Study of Two Populations (2022)

Here, we examined the skin microbiome of two groups of healthy volunteers living on the Mediterranean coast with different exposures to sun radiation. One group, exposed to the sun in the summer, was compared with a group covered with clothing throughout the year. The seasonal effects on the skin microbiome of three body sites were determined before and after summer. Surprisingly, at the phyla level, there were no significant differences in microbiome diversity between the groups. Furthermore, within each group, there were no significant seasonal differences in high-abundance species at any of the sampling sites. These results suggest that the skin microbiome, developed over years, remains stable even after several months of exposure to summer weather, direct sunlight and humidity. However, in the group exposed to the sun during the summer months, there were significant differences in low-abundance species in sun-exposed areas of the skin (the inner and outer arm). These subtle changes in low-abundance species are interesting, and their effect on skin physiology should be studied further.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Aphidicolin. (1987)

Abstract Michael addition of the lithium dienolate of the cyclohexenone (II) to the sulfinyl butenolide (I) serves as starting step in the synthesis of pivalyl aphidicolinone (IX).
Mutational analysis of the J recombination signal sequence binding protein (RBP‐J)/Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) and RBP‐J/Notch interaction (2001)

Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) and the Notch protein both function within the nucleus as transcriptional adaptor proteins. EBNA2 plays a key role during the immortalization of primary B-cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Notch proteins are involved in lymphomagenesis as well as in multiple cell fate decisions during tissue differentiation and development. Both, EBNA2 and Notch interact with the DNA binding protein RBP-J and thereby gain access to the promoter of their target genes. In order to identify regions within the J recombination signal sequence binding protein (RBP-J), that are relevant for either the Notch or the EBNA2 interaction, we have performed a mutational analysis of RBP-J. A library of RBP-J mutants was screened by a reverse two-hybrid system for alleles that fail to bind to either EBNA2 or Notch. The sequence analysis of these alleles reveals that a limited and particularly distinct number of amino-acid positions are relevant for either interaction only. Given the important role of RBP-J in B-cell immortalization, the EBNA2/RBP-J protein-protein interaction could be a candidate target for therapeutic intervention in EBV related diseases.
Activities in Asia and Africa [Society News] (2008)

Provides several short items that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.
Region-Division Vector Quantization Histogram Method for Human Face Recognition (2006)

Abstract We have developed a very simple yet highly reliable face recognition method called VQ histogram method codevector referred (or matched) count histogram, which is obtained by Vector Quantization (VQ) processing of facial image, is utilized as a very effective personal feature value. Furthermore, for adding the geometric information of the face to improve the recognition accuracy, aregion-division (RD) VQ histogram method is proposed in this paper. We divide the facial area into 5 regions relating to the facial parts (forehead, eye, nose, mouth, jaw). Recognition results with different parts are fast obtained separately and then combined by weighted averaging. Topl recognition rate of 97.4% is obtained by using FB task (1195 images) in the standard FERET database. By using the private database, which was taken in practical but yet reasonably regulated environrnent, Topl recognition rate of 100% is realized.
<title>Approach to evidence of middle ear occlusion effect by laser vibrometry</title> (1996)

In the beginning of the last century German anatomist E. H. Weber first reported an audiological phenomenon. Up to now Weber's test is widely used by the otologists for the differentiation of sound conduction and inner ear disorders. The sound of an excited tuning-fork on the top of the head will be lateralized into the ear with an occluded ear canal (occlusion effect). But so far there has been no objective criterion for this effect on humans or temporal bone preparations. We have performed various approaches for the measurement of the occlusion effect. The slow cortical acoustical evoked potentials (SAEP) on both sides after bone conduction stimulation of the vertex at several test persons. We succeeded in proving a decrease of latency during occlusion of ear canal. This has been an electrophysiological approach. However, the theory gives reasons for this effect by changed acoustical impedance conditions of the ear canal due to its occlusion. The related increased sound pressure level (SPL) inside the ear canal results in unilateral amplification effect and its transfer via the middle ear into the inner ear, and therefore performs a lateralization. Thus one should be able to measure this amplification in temporal bone preparations too. Laser vibrometry allows a non-contact access to the tympanic membrane and the middle ear apparatus. The tympanic membrane transforms the ear canal's amplified sound pressure into increased mechanical vibration of the ossicular chain and eventually the stapes footplate affecting the inner ear liquid. That is why we positioned the beam of a laser vibrometer at the inner ear side of the footplate. The preparation was broadband-excited by a bone conduction vibrator. During occlusion of the ear canal an increased sound pressure level inside the ear canal was registered by a probe microphone. By assuming a transfer of this SPL increase onto the footplate we measured its displacement by laser vibrometry. Generally lower gains could have been proven only compared to subjective evaluation (audiometry) or SAEP derivation. Furthermore the effect was detected within limited excitation level and frequency ranges. This is explained by the changed impedance conditions at the foot plate termination due to the removed inner ear, combined with phase differences during osteophony into the ear canal and along the ossicular chain ligaments respectively. Unfortunately there are several problems regarding bone conduction stimulation of temporal bone preparations. Especially the strained fixation of the preparation in relation to the exciting vibrator had to be considered.
Laser flash photolysis study of adamantanylidene (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser flash photolysis study of adamantanylideneScott Morgan, James E. Jackson, and Matthew S. PlatzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7, 2782–2783Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00007a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00007a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
MVPN: Optimized use of PIM via MS-PMSIs (2012)

This document specifies an optimized method that a service provider
can use to provide MVPN service when using PIM as the MVPN control
protocol. As in prior MVPN methods, PIM control messages are sent over
multicast tunnels through the provider network. However, unlike older
MVPN methods, the tunnels are only created if they are needed to carry
multicast data traffic; no tunnels are used only for control traffic.
Mathworks Approach to MBD (2014)

This chapter describes the high-level architecture of the development and verification tool chain used for model-based design in a DO-178C/DO-331 process. Model-based design derives much of its value from automatic code generation where embedded software can be automatically generated from a high-level model for a variety of different embedded targets. Whereas automatic code generation technology bridges the gap between design and implementation, for large-scale software projects, the resulting software must still be integrated with the software of other subsystems, the software of the run-time platform, and the target hardware. A requirements management interface allows users to link Simulink and Stateflow elements within models to requirements documents and to create links between model elements. Model Advisor is a static analysis tool for Simulink and Stateflow models. Model Advisor performs static checks on the model that can be used for verification of modeling standards as well as aspects of accuracy and consistency of the models.
Comparative genomic hybridization: Detection of segmental aneusomies (1994)

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been used successfully to detect whole chromosome and segmental aneusomies. However, its sensitivity for detection of segmental aneusomies is still not well known. We present here an analysis of CGH sensitivity with emphasis on detection of abnormalities commonly found during pre-and neo-natal diagnosis. CGH is performed by hybridizing green and red fluorescing test and normal DNA samples, respectively, to normal metaphase spreads and measuring green:red fluorescence ratios along all chromosomes. The ratios are normalized such that 2 copies of a normal chromosome region in the test sample gives a ratio of 1.0. Alterations in test vs. control gene copy number range from 1.5 [trisomy] to 0.5 [monosomy]. Clinical samples analyzed included Wolf Hirschhorn (4p-), Cri du Chat (5p-) and DiGeorge (22q-). In addition, 7 cell lines with chromosome 21 segmental aneusomies were analyzed. These included 3 with terminal duplications, 1 with a terminal deletion, 1 with an interstitial deletion and 2 with interstitial amplifications. The DiGeorge deletion was the only deletion not deleted by CGH. This is not surprising as standard G banding does not routinely detect this 1-2 megabase deletion. The 4p- and 5p- monosomies were detected and breakpoints correctly assigned prospectively. Proximal alterationsmore » involving 21q22.11 are unambiguously defined. Specifically, two interstitial aneusomies involving this region are detected. Studies involving late prophase chromosome normal spreads gave identical breakpoints. Thus, analysis of extended chromosomes did not improve the sensitivity of the technique. Taken together, these data suggest that CGH can detect segmental aneusomies greater than 8 megabases in extent. Smaller aneusomies can, at times, be detected. Work is now underway to modify the analysis software to increase sensitivity and to decrease the amount of material needed for analysis.« less
Buckling and mechanical instability of ZnO nanorods grown on different substrates under uniaxial compression (2008)

Mechanical instability and buckling characterization of vertically aligned single-crystal ZnO nanorods grown on different substrates including Si, SiC and sapphire (α-Al(2)O(3)) was done quantitatively by the nanoindentation technique. The nanorods were grown on these substrates by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method. The critical load for the ZnO nanorods grown on the Si, SiC and Al(2)O(3) substrates was found to be 188, 205 and 130 µN, respectively. These observed critical loads were for nanorods with 280 nm diameters and 900 nm length using Si as a substrate, while the corresponding values were 330 nm, 3300 nm, and 780 nm, 3000 nm in the case of SiC and Al(2)O(3) substrates, respectively. The corresponding buckling energies calculated from the force displacement curves were 8.46 × 10(-12), 1.158 × 10(-11) and 1.092 × 10(-11) J, respectively. Based on the Euler model for long nanorods and the J B Johnson model (which is an extension of the Euler model) for intermediate nanorods, the modulus of elasticity of a single rod was calculated for each sample. Finally, the critical buckling stress and strain were also calculated for all samples. We found that the buckling characteristic is strongly dependent on the quality, lattice mismatch and adhesion of the nanorods with the substrate.
Continuous monitoring of available bandwidth over a network path (2004)

Abstract—This paper presents a new method for real-time monitoring of available bandwidth over a network path. The method uses active probing with trains of probe packets, and produces estimates in real-time using Kalman filtering. It improves the estimate for each new measurement of the strain of the inter-packet time intervals in a probe packet train. We have tested the method with good accuracy and agreement, both in simulation and in a physical test network. The method requires no communication from receiver to sender and only minor processing and memory space.