gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus‐containing polyurethanes based on bisphenol‐AF, prepared by N‐alkylation (1996)

Phosphorus-containing polyurethanes (PU-P) based on bisphenol-AF were synthesized by N-alkylation in a two-step process. First, the polymer was metalated with sodium hydride; then the prepared urethane polyanion was treated with diethyl 2-bromoethyl phosphate. IR spectra exhibited characteristic absorptions at 1303 cm−1 (PO stretch), 1015 cm−1 (CH stretch), 1646 cm−1 (CO stretch), 1231 cm−1 (CNH), and 1053 cm−1 (COOC stretch). In the 1H-NMR spectrum of the maximum substituted PU-P, the signal of the urethane proton (NHCOO) at 9.87 ppm virtually disappeared as expected; new signals appeared at 1.20–1.24 ppm (POCH2CH3) and 3.79 ppm (POCH2CH3). Physical and thermal properties of the N-alkylated polymer were also investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solubility, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and reduced viscosity. DSC analysis showed that Tg values were decreased from 81 to 43°C. The reduced viscosities of the PU-Ps were observed in the range of 0.23–0.18 dL g−1. The results of TGA revealed that the thermal stability was decreased, because the phosphorus moiety in the PUs is readily dissociated thermally. The PU-Ps exhibited enhanced fire resistance because phosphorus simultaneously promoted carbonization of the polymer and inhibited combustion. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the PU-Ps showed that with increasing phosphorus content, the degree of crystallinity of the PUs decreased. N-alkylated PUs are soluble, not only in polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and H2SO4, but also in less polar solvents such as phenol, toluene, THF, and trichloroethylene. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Total Synthesis of (±)-Friedelin (1976)

The total synthesis of the unsymmetrical pentacyclic
triterpene friedlein (10) was completed in 31 steps in an overall Refer to pdf for formulas. yield of 0.3%. The route, symbolized by the disconnections 
outlined in Chart 4, forms each of the 9 assymetric centers of 
friedelin stereoselectively. Chart 4 Refer to pdf for formulas.
Information model for Policy Based Routing (2014)

Policy Based Routing (PBR) is a generic term that describes
functionality that currently exists in several routing systems where
packets are routed, not just based on the destination address but
rather based on a policy that is configured/programmed in the router.
This document describes the information model for PBR as it exists in
many current implementations.
IDDF2022-ABS-0211 Encyclopedia of fecal microbiota transplantation: a review of effectiveness in the treatment of 85 diseases (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used as a core therapy for treating dysbiosis-related diseases by remodeling gut microbiota. The methodology and technology for improving FMT are stepping forward. In order to improve the understanding on the clinical applications of FMT, we performed a systematic literature review on FMT published from 2011 to 2021. Here, we provided an overview of the reported clinical benefits from FMT, the methodology of processing FMT and the strategy of using FMT, and the regulations on FMT in global. <h3>Methods</h3> Our search terms were applied to medical publications and databases from EMBASE, MEDLINE, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2021. The inclusion criteria included: (i) Studies referencing FMT for human subjects showing benefits; (ii) Article type: original full-text article, meeting abstracts and letters to the editor on the clinical studies; (iii) Reports in English or Chinese. Exclusion criteria include: (i) Duplicated reports; (ii) Non-original reports such as commentary, consensus, reviews, and meta-analysis; (iii) Publications in Chinese reporting on the same patients in an English article. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 14539 records were identified in the search. After the exclusion, removal of duplication and reviewing of full-text articles, we selected 782 searched studies for analysis in this review (IDDF2022-ABS-0211 Figure 1). We divided all studies into eight main categories: infections, gut diseases, microbiota-gut-liver axis, microbiota-gut-brain axis, metabolic diseases, oncology, hematological diseases, and other diseases. Each category was further subdivided into specific diseases. A total of 85 diseases are shown in IDDF2022-ABS-0211 Figure 2. The global trend in the benefits from FMT is shown in IDDF2022-ABS-0211 Figure 3. The methodology and the regulations on FMT in global are shown in IDDF2022-ABS-0211 Figure 4. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Since FMT was formally named in 2011, a total of emerging 85 diseases treated by FMT have been reported. The number of studies on FMT/WMT has increased dramatically within the past decade. Although many further controlled trials will be needed, the dramatic increase in reports has shown the promising future of FMT for dysbiosis-related diseases in the gut or beyond the gut.
Partial and macroscopic phase coherences in an underdoped Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + δ thin film (2002)

A combined study with use of time-domain pump-probe spectroscopy and time-domain terahertz transmission spectroscopy have been carried out on an underdoped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+{\delta}}$ thin film. It was observed that the low energy multi-excitation states were decomposed into superconducting gap and pseudogap. The pseudogap locally opens below $T^*{\simeq}210$ K simultaneously with the appearance of the high-frequency partial pairs around 1.3 THz. With decreasing temperature, the number of the local domains with the partial phase coherence increased and saturated near 100 K, and the macroscopic superconductivity appeared below 76 K through the superconductivity fluctuation state below 100 K. These experimental results indicate that the pseudogap makes an important role for realization of the superconductivity as a precursor to switch from the partial to the macroscopic phase coherence.
Electrostatic Self‐Assembly of Polystyrene Microspheres by Using Chemically Directed Contact Electrification (2006)

Bleib bei mir: Elektrostatisch unterschiedlich geladene funktionalisierte Polystyrolkügelchen aggregieren zu Überstrukturen. Eine Hülle aus kleinen Kügelchen kann sich um ein großes Kügelchen anlagern (siehe Mikroskopaufnahme). Nach dem Tempern kann eine weitere Schicht Kügelchen angefügt werden. Diese Technik, die auf einer Kontaktelektrifizierung beruht, benötigt keine teuren Geräte und ermöglicht das Arbeiten mit großen Mengen Material.
Profile-guided receiver class prediction (1995)

The use of dynamically-dispatched procedure calls is a key mechanism for writing extensible and flexible code in object-oriented languages. Unfortunately, dynamic dispatching imposes a runtime performance penalty. Some recent implementations of pure object-oriented languages have utilized profile-guided receiver class prediction to reduce this performance penalty, and some researchers have argued for applying receiver class prediction in hybrid languages like C++. We performed a detailed examination of the dynamic profiles of eight large object-oriented applications written in C++ and Cecil, determining that the receiver class distributions are strongly peaked and stable across both inputs and program versions through time. We describe techniques for gathering and manipulating profile information at varying degrees of precision, particularly in the presence of optimizations such as inlining. Our implementation of profile-guided receiver class prediction improves the performance of large Cecil applications by more than a factor of two over solely static optimizations.
Combustion Foaming of Al-Ti Intermetallics Studied In situ by Fast X-ray Radioscopy (2014)

Combustion foaming of Al-Ti intermetallics was observed in-situ by X-ray radioscopy at the Technical University Berlin, Germany, and at the experimental station ID-19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France. The acquisition rates were 6.7 fps and up to 500 fps, respectively. This allowed for observing in detail the internal structure development during combustion foaming of extruded Al-Ti powder compacts made with Al/Ti molar ratios of 3, 4 and 7 and containing 10 and 20 vol.% exothermic agent (Ti + B4C). At the beginning of the foaming process, μm-sized pores were observed. Foam shrinkage and pore coarsening started immediately after the combustion process. Specimens made with an Al/Ti ratio = 7 showed pore coarsening and a longer solidification time. Specimens with 10 vol.% exothermic agent experienced less volume expansion and pore coarsening than specimens with 20 vol.% exothermic agent. The specimens with an Al/Ti ratio = 4 contained fewer micropores than the one with an Al/Ti ratio = 3.
Deposition of drugs in the nose and sinuses with an exhalation delivery system vs conventional nasal spray or high-volume irrigation in Draf II/III post-surgical anatomy (2019)

HVLF and EDS produced a deep intranasal/intrasinal deposition in the silicone cast compared with conventional nasal spray delivery; both deposited liquid inside the surgically opened sinuses. HVLF offers the benefit of lavage, whereas EDS may be more efficient and convenient.
<title>Application of APS arrays to star and feature tracking systems</title> (1996)

Reducing mass and power demands from engineering and science image sensors, while improving system capability, remains a driving force in the development of Sciencecraft components. The Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) is developing advanced concepts for future spacecraft celestial trackers by incorporating active pixel sensor (APS) array technology into star and feature tracker designs. We describe fundamental APS array properties and characteristics, and discuss recent progress in APS designs directly applicable to next generation trackers. A description of a new regional electronic shutter design providing extremely high dynamic range and local shuttering capability is given along with test results from a prototype device. A new star and feature tracker concept enabled by this regional shuttering capability is described.
Comparison of UV Degradation of Polyethylene in Accelerated Test and Sunlight (1996)

Studies of aging of polyethylene in an accelerated (Xenon) test and outdoors in Geleen, The Netherlands, showed unexpected differences at the same degree of oxygen uptake. In outdoor weathering, about twice the oxygen uptake was necessary to give the same drop of the elongation at break and to form the same amount of carbonyl groups and unsaturation as in the accelerated weathering. The results may be explained by assuming different contributions to oxygen uptake from initiation by charge-transfer complexes and from the propagation reaction for accelerated and outdoor weathering. A possible improved accelerated test is discussed.
Multi-Well Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring in the Sultanate of Oman Using Surface and Downhole Microseismic Arrays (2016)

Summary Microseismic mapping provides essential information for monitoring effective fluid flow and stimulated reservoir volume, as well as for decision making on fracture operations and well completions. This work presents the microseismic monitoring results of a multiwell completion of a field located in the Sultanate of Oman. Target depth is about 1300 m from ground level. The treatments of three wells were monitored by both a surface array and a downhole array. The surface monitoring array was built using a 50-m inline spacing and 100 m crossline spacing geometry and comprised 1000, 974, and 975 3C geophones when monitoring the TW1, TW2, and TW3 wells, respectively. The downhole monitoring was performed using a 12-level 3C-geophone accelerometer array using 30-m-long interconnects deployed in the nearby well, MW. Both surface and downhole seismic data cover the complete stimulation campaign of all three treatment wells. Surface- and downhole-acquired data benefit from a combined inversion. Surface-acquired horizontal locations reveal the same event geometry as downhole results but with a more focused linear cloud. Mapped events indicate a well-bound stimulation along the vertical dimension while exhibiting predominantly strike-slip mechanisms.
SnowGlobe (2011)

In this paper, we present a spherical display with Fish-Tank VR as a means for interacting with three- dimensional objects. We implemented the spherical display by reflecting a projected image off a hemispherical mirror, allowing for a seamless curvilinear display surface. Diffuse illumination is used for detecting touch points on the sphere. The user's head position and the position of the sphere are also tracked using a Vicon motion capture device. Users can perform multi-touch gestures to interact with 3D content on the spherical display. Our system relies on the metaphor of a snow globe. Users can walk around a display while maintaining motion parallax corrected viewpoints of the object on the display. They can interact with the 3D object using multitouch interaction techniques, allowing for rotating and scaling of the 3D model on the display.
Enhanced Piezoelectric $\mathrm{AL}_{1-\mathrm{X}}\mathrm{SC}_{\mathrm{X}}\mathrm{N}$ RF-MEMS Resonators for Sub-6 GHz RF-Filter Applications: Design, Fabrication and Characterization (2020)

This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators of the SMR-type (surface mounted resonator) with highly c-axis oriented Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> Sc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> N thin-films. Various filter topologies have been demonstrated for high frequencies with sharp roll-off, wide bandwidth BW and low insertion loss IL (rel. 3dB-BW up to 9% and min. IL of 0.9 dB to 1.5 dB at 2350 to 2550 MHz). Furthermore, the challenges regarding the integration of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Sc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N for n79 applications (4400 to 5000 MHz) are indicated. The demonstrations show promising results regarding acoustic-only filters at 5G frequencies.
Intermodulation Distortion in Fifth-order Nonlinear RF Circuits/Subsystems under Multitone Excitation (2003)

A new analytic approach for modeling nonlinear RF circuits/subsystems, under multitone excitation is proposed. Particularly, the intermodulation (IM) distortion of fifth-order memoryless nonlinear systems is predicted under a randomly phase-modulated multitone excitation. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by analyzing standard IM figures of merit such as MIMR and ACPR of a commercial RF power amplifier for different values of input power and number of input tones. The obtained results were compared to thirdorder models and have shown that restricting the analysis of highly nonlinear systems to third-order nonlinearity leads to optimistic results.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning with Reduced Environmental Impact (2000)

Manufacturers of refrigerants and refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, governmental agencies, and environmental groups continue working together toward the goal of reduced environmental impact via reduced emissions and improved energy efficiency.Examples of progress are presented for several sectors of refrigeration and air conditioning, followed by projections for further significant reductions.Working fluid selection for the myriad of refrigeration and air conditioning applications is based on three factors: safety (toxicity and flammability), environmental impact (stratospheric ozone and climate change), and performance (cooling and heating with required capacity, energy efficiency, reliability, and cost effectiveness).Although this paper will emphasize environmental impact for fluid selection, all of the factors must be evaluated to determine the most appropriate fluid for each application.
Acoustic-speed correction of photoacoustic tomography by ultrasonic computed tomography based on optical excitation of elements of a full-ring transducer array (2014)

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a hybrid technique that combines optical excitation and ultrasonic detection to provide high resolution images in deep tissues. In the image reconstruction, a constant speed of sound (SOS) is normally assumed. This assumption, however, is often not strictly satisfied in deep tissue imaging, due to acoustic heterogeneities within the object and between the object and coupling medium. If these heterogeneities are not accounted for, they will cause distortions and artifacts in the reconstructed images. In this paper, we incorporated ultrasonic computed tomography (USCT), which measures the SOS distribution within the object, into our full-ring array PACT system. Without the need for ultrasonic transmitting electronics, USCT was performed using the same laser beam as for PACT measurement. By scanning the laser beam on the array surface, we can sequentially fire different elements. As a first demonstration of the system, we studied the effect of acoustic heterogeneities on photoacoustic vascular imaging. We verified that constant SOS is a reasonable approximation when the SOS variation is small. When the variation is large, distortion will be observed in the periphery of the object, especially in the tangential direction.
Mechanism and parameters of the quenching of luminescence of rare-earth ions by hydroxyl impurity groups in laser phosphate glass (1981)

An experimental study was made of the parameters and mechanism of the quenching of the luminescence of rare-earth ions by hydroxyl groups. This was done for nine transitions. The permissible concentration of the OH groups were found for laser glasses intended for different applications.
Volume polarization holographic recording in thick phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) photopolymer (2011)

Volume polarization holographic recording in phenanthrenequinone-doped poly (methyl methacrylate) photopolymer is obtained. Photoinduced birefringence in a 2 mm thick sample is measured by a phase-modulated ellipsometry. The birefringence induced in this material by linearly polarized beam at 514 nm reaches 1.2×10(-5). In addition, ability for recording volume polarization grating using two different polarization configurations is demonstrated and compared. The experimental results show that the diffraction efficiency of the hologram reaches to ∼40% by using two orthogonal circularly polarized beams.
A Low-Power Receiver with Switched-Capacitor Summation DFE (2006)

A low power receiver with a one tap DFE was fabricated in 90nm CMOS technology. The speculative equalization is performed using switched-capacitor-based addition directly at the front-end sample-hold circuit. In order to further reduce the power consumption, an analog multiplexer is used in the speculation technique implementation. A quarter-rate-clocking scheme facilitates the use of low-power front-end circuitry and CMOS clock buffers. At 10Gb/s data rate, the receiver consumes less than 6.0mW from a 1.0V supply
Mobility enhancement in AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistors (2003)

It has been demonstrated experimentally that the electron drift mobility of a two-dimensional electron gas in the channel of AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistors (MOSHFETs) may be appreciably higher than that in the conventional AlGaN/GaN HFETs for structures with a thin (10 nm) AlGaN barrier layer. For the conventional AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with barrier thickness of 10 nm, the maximum electron drift mobility in the 2D channel, μd, is equal to ∼600 cm2 Vs−1, which is much lower than the Hall mobility measured with the same wafer (μH ≈ 1400 cm2 Vs−1). Introduction of a 7 nm thick SiO2 layer between the gate and the AlGaN layer to fabricate MOSHFETs leads to an increase in the electron drift mobility to μd ≈ 1400 cm2 Vs−1. Introduction of a SiO2 layer with the same thickness into the AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with relatively thick (25 nm) AlGaN barrier does not affect the maximum electron drift mobility in the channel of the heterostructures. The results obtained correlate well with published data on the influence of the barrier thickness on the high-power performance of AlGaN/GaN HFETs.
TYRO3 agonist as therapy for glomerular disease (2022)

Podocyte injury and loss are key drivers of primary and secondary glomerular diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We previously demonstrated the renoprotective role of protein S (PS) and its cognate tyrosine-protein kinase receptor, TYRO3, in models of FSGS and DKD and that their signaling exerts antiapoptotic and antiinflammatory effects to confer protection against podocyte loss. Among the 3 TAM receptors (TYRO3, AXL, and MER), only TYRO3 expression is largely restricted to podocytes, and glomerular TYRO3 mRNA expression negatively correlates with human glomerular disease progression. Therefore, we posited that the agonistic PS/TYRO3 signaling could serve as a potential therapeutic approach to attenuate glomerular disease progression. As PS function is not limited to TYRO3-mediated signal transduction but includes its anticoagulant activity, we focused on the development of TYRO3 agonists as an optimal therapeutic approach to glomerular disease. Among the small-molecule TYRO3 agonistic compounds screened, compound 10 (C-10) showed a selective activation of TYRO3 without any effects on AXL or MER. We also confirmed that C-10 directly binds to TYRO3, but not the other receptors. In vivo, C-10 attenuated proteinuria, glomerular injury, and podocyte loss in mouse models of Adriamycin-induced nephropathy and a db/db model of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, these renoprotective effects of C-10 were lost in Tyro3-knockout mice, indicating that C-10 is a selective agonist of TYRO3 activity that mitigates podocyte injury and glomerular disease. Therefore, C-10, a TYRO3 agonist, could be potentially developed as a new therapy for glomerular disease.
Michael A. McDonnell, The Politics of War: Race, Class, and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia. Chapel Hill, NC: Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture by the University of North Carolina Press, 2007. xx + 544 pp. ISBN: 978-0-8078-3108-3 (hbk.). $45.00. (2007)

Michael A. McDonnell, The Politics of War: Race, Class, and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia. Chapel Hill, NC: Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture by the University of North Carolina Press, 2007. xx + 544 pp. ISBN: 978-0-8078-3108-3 (hbk.). $45.00. - Volume 31 Issue 2