gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The synthesis and transition temperatures of some fluorinated terphenyls with alkenyl terminal chains (1996)

Abstract A carbon-carbon double bond has been introduced into an aliphatic alkoxy terminal chain of 2,3- or 2′,3′- difluoroterphenyl systems. The effect of the position and nature (E/Z) of the double bond on the mesomorphic behaviour of these compounds in comparison with the parent systems has been studied. The smectic C thermal stabilities are reduced in all the cases. The introduction of a trans-double bond at the 2-position of the terminal group increased the melting points and clearing points for the compounds with difluoro substituents in the middle ring; this results in a decrease of the smectic C mesophase range but an increase in the nematic mesophase range. All the transition temperatures are reduced with a cis-double bond at the 3-position. Both smectic C and nematic mesophase ranges are decreased, but the reduction in the smectic C range is less than for the trans-2-ene terminal group. With the difluoro substituents in the end ring linked to the alkenyloxy chain, all the transition temperatures are decreased. The melting points are reduced more than SC-SA or SC-N transition temperatures, which leads to an increase in the smectic C mesophase range. Additionally, a 2-(E)-double bond suppresses the smectic A mesophase while a 3-(Z)-double bond suppresses the nematic mesophase.
Memantine for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial (2010)

Memantine 10 mg twice a day does not improve CP in subjects with MS, ages 18-65, without major depression, who have subjective cognitive complaints and perform worse than one SD below the mean on the PASAT or on the California Verbal Learning Test-II (total recall or delayed free recall).
Shedding new light on the regulation of complementary chromatic adaptation (2008)

Abstract Complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA) is a light-dependent acclimation process that occurs in cyanobacteria and likely is related to increased fitness of these organisms in natural environments. Although CCA has been studied for over 40 years, significant advances in our understanding of the molecular foundations of CCA are still emerging. In this minireview, I explore recently reported developments that include novel insights into the molecular mechanisms utilized in the photoregulation of pigmentation and the molecular basis of light-dependent changes in cellular morphology, which are central elements of the process of CCA. I also discuss future avenues of study that are expected to lead to additional progress in our understanding of CCA and our general appreciation of light sensing and photomorphogenesis in cyanobacteria.
Exploiting Truly Fast Hardware in Data Mining (2002)

In many data mining applications, the size of the database is not only extremely large, it is also growing rapidly. Even for relatively simple searches, the time required to move the data off magnetic media, cross the system bus into main memory, copy into processor cache, and then execute code to perform a search is prohibitive. We are proposing that a significant portion of the data mining task (i.e., the portion that examines the bulk of the raw data) be implemented in fast hardware, close to the magnetic media on which it is stored. Furthermore, this hardware can be replicated allowing mining tasks to be performed in parallel, thus providing further speed up for the overall mining application. In this paper, we describe a general framework under which this can be accomplished, and identify a number of important research questions that must be addressed for it to be practical.
Diagnostic value of brain chronic black holes on T1-weighted MR images in clinically isolated syndromes (2014)

Non-enhancing black holes in CIS patients are associated with a higher risk of conversion to CDMS. However, the predictive value of this finding is lost when added to the DIS criteria.
Pressure bonding molybdenum alloy (TZM) to reaction-bonded silicon nitride (1978)

Topping cycles could boost the energy efficiencies of a variety of systems by using what is now waste heat. One such topping cycle uses a ceramic helical expander and would require that a reaction-bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) rotor be bonded to a shaft of TZM (Mo-0.5 wt % Ti-0.08 wt % Zr). Coupon studies show that TZM can be bonded to RBSN at 1300/sup 0/C and 69 MPa if there is an interlayer of MoSi/sub 2/. A layer of finely ground (10 ..mu..m) MoSi/sub 2/ facilitates bond formation and provides a thicker bond interface. The hardness and grain structure of the TZM and RBSN were not affected by the temperature and pressure required to bond the coupons.
Curvilinear Detailed Routing Algorithm and Its Extension to Wire-Spreading and Wire-Fattening (2007)

Abstract — This article describes an algorithm for curvilinear detailed routing. We significantly improved the average time per-formance of Gao’s algorithm by resolving its bottleneck related to generation of fan-shaped forbidden regions along a wire. We also describe a method for simultaneous wire-spreading and wire-fattening, which consists of enlarging forbidden regions gener-ated by the detailed routing algorithm as long as there remains any space through which wires can pass. From the experiments we obtained the result that the average CPU time of the detailed routing algorithm is almost linear to the length of a wire. Since the curvilinear detailed routing is efficient in terms of space usage, the proposed algorithm is important especially for densely wired printed circuit boards such as PGA packages, BGA packages, and MCMs. We can also expect improvements on the electrical char-acteristics and the production yield by applying wire-spreading and wire-fattening to them. I.
Baloxavir Marboxil Treatment of Nude Mice Infected With Influenza A Virus (2019)

Despite the prolonged baloxavir marboxil treatment, few resistant mutants were detected.
CCDC 1578533: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination : 4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl]benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis[1,3]thiazole (2020)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Implementation of Smart Segmentation Framework for Preventing Security Threats Spreading in IoT Networks (2021)

이동통신과 사물인터넷 발전에 따라 네트워크 연결 디바이스 증가 및 사물인터넷 서비스 대중화로 디바이스 취약점을 악용하는 보안사고가 급증하고 있다. 특히 제한된 자원 특성으로 보안이 취약한 디바이스들이 해커들의 공격 대상이 되고 있으며, 대표적인 것이 대규모 분산 서비스 거부(DDoS) 공격을 유발하는 Mirai 악성코드의 감염확산이다. DDoS 공격 대응 방법 중 하나는 DDoS 공격 원인인 악성코드 확산 억제를 통한 대규모 사물봇넷 생성을 방지하는 것이다. 본 논문은 IoT 네트워크 내의 보안위협 확산을 억제하기 위해 디바이스 속성, 네트워크 정보, 서비스 유형 등을 기준으로 세그멘트를 정의하고, 보안위협 확산 여부에 따라 세그멘트 단위로 네트워크 접속을 자율적으로 통제하는 스마트 세그멘테이션 프레임워크에 대한 구현을 설명한다. 제안된 스마트 세그멘테이션 프레임워크는 Mirai 악성코드 감염 환경에서의 시험을 통해 악성코드 확산을 억제할 수 있음을 검증하였다.
Search for doubly and singly charged Higgs bosons decaying into vector bosons in multi-lepton final states with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV (2021)

A bstract A search for charged Higgs bosons decaying into W ± W ± or W ± Z bosons is performed, involving experimental signatures with two leptons of the same charge, or three or four leptons with a variety of charge combinations, missing transverse momentum and jets. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018 is used. The data correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 . The search is guided by a type-II seesaw model that extends the scalar sector of the Standard Model with a scalar triplet, leading to a phenomenology that includes doubly and singly charged Higgs bosons. Two scenarios are explored, corresponding to the pair production of doubly charged H ±± bosons, or the associated production of a doubly charged H ±± boson and a singly charged H ± boson. No significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are observed. H ±± bosons are excluded at 95% confidence level up to 350 GeV and 230 GeV for the pair and associated production modes, respectively.
Synthesis of fluorescent heterocycles via a Knoevenagel/[4 + 1]-cycloaddition cascade using acetyl cyanide (2017)

A concise one-pot three-component reaction that affords fluorescent indolizines, benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles, and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines is reported. The methodology involves the formation of a heterocyclic 1-aza-1,3-diene derived from a Knoevenagel condensation between an aldehyde and 2-methyl-ene-cyano aza-heterocycles, followed by [4 + 1] cycloaddition of acetyl cyanide behaving as a non-classical isocyanide replacement.
Analysis of time-stamping-based synchronization of a PEBB system (2009)

In the last few years, the design of power electronics systems has been towards modularity. The focus has been on finding solutions for integration of distributed power electronics systems. Distributed systems set new requirements for control systems compared with the traditional centralized solutions. Using intelligent power electronics building blocks as a basis for power electronics systems results in reduced cost, easier reconfiguration, and improved reliability. A cascaded ring topology has become a prominent control solution. In many applications, accurate synchronization of the building blocks is of crucial importance; it is therefore essential to understand the factors that affect the synchronization accuracy. This paper addresses ring topology synchronization methods and the factors that define the overall synchronization accuracy. A new time-stamping-based synchronization method is presented, and its accuracy and jitter behavior are analyzed. Experimental results of synchronization jitter of the proposed method are presented.
Integrated estimation structure for the tire friction forces in ground vehicles (2016)

This paper presents a novel corner-based force estimation method to monitor tire capacities required for the traction and stability control systems. This is entailed for more advanced vehicle stability systems in harsh maneuvers. A novel estimation structure is proposed in this paper for the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical tire forces robust to the road friction condition. A nonlinear and a Kalman observer is utilized for estimation of the longitudinal and lateral friction forces. The stability and performance of the time-varying estimators are explored and it is shown that the developed integrated structure is robust to model uncertainties and does not require knowledge of the road friction. The proposed method is experimentally tested in several maneuvers on different road surface conditions and the results illustrate the accuracy and robustness of the state estimators.
Dysregulated epigenetic factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and triggered liver cancer (2019)

Already, almost a quarter of the world's population suffers from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and this problem is steadily increasing. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the chronic progressive manifestation of NAFLD, is the second most important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD thus represents a major socio-economic burden on the health care system and is of increasing importance. There are currently no drugs nor therapies that can treat NASH or stop the progression of the disease to HCC. At the same time, treatment options for HCC are limited and many patients show resistance to sorafenib, the only drug currently approved for first-line therapy. Although there have been major advances uncovering the genetic basis for NAFLD and HCC, the epigenetic mechanisms driving HCC remains largely elusive. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest epigenetic manipulation could be a promising approach to prevent the progression of NAFLD and HCC. Pan-Histone deacetylase (Pan-HDAC) inhibitors (e.g. Verinostat, PXD-101, Resminostat) are under clinical trials for HCC therapy. Pan-HDAC inhibitors have side effects and most importantly, others and we have observed that specific genetic knockouts of HDAC (e.g. HDAC3 and HDAC2) induce liver cancer under normal condition. We require more specific and alternate approach to develop therapy against this deadly disease. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression remain elusive. Here, we are systematically investigating epigenetic factors that regulate NASH and transition to HCC in recently established our diet-induced NASH/HCC mouse models that recapitulate pathophysiological aspects of human NASH/HCC. Employing mass-spectrometry and next generation sequencing, we have identified putative targets that will be characterized and exploited for developing potential therapeutics for this deadly disease.
Light Backscattering as an Indirect Method for Detecting Emulsion Inversion (2007)

Many phenomena take place during different types of emulsion inversions, particularly a change in interface curvature and drop size, which could be detected by backward light scattering. Monitoring the backscattering signal allows us to detect the emulsion inversion in three main cases, one transitional and two catastrophic types. The backscattering data could give some clue as to emulsion morphology, which is not available from conductivity measurements.
Polyhalogenated heterocyclic compounds. Part 48. Synthesis of perfluoroisopropyl-2,2'-bipyridyl derivatives (2002)

The synthesis of a highly halogenated 2,2-bipyridyl system using organometallic methodology is reported.
High Carrier Mobility in HgTe Quantum Dot Solids Improves Mid-IR Photodetectors (2019)

Improved mid-infrared photoconductors based on colloidal HgTe quantum dots are realized using a hybrid ligand exchange and polar phase transfer. The doping can also be controlled n and p by adjusting the HgCl2 concentration in the ligand exchange process. We compare the photoconductive properties with the prior “solid-state ligand exchange” using ethanedithiol, and we find that the new process affords a ∼100-fold increase of the electron and hole mobility, a ∼100-fold increase in responsivity, and a ∼10-fold increase in detectivity. These photodetector improvements are primarily attributed to the increase in mobility (μ) because the optical properties are mostly unchanged. We show that the specific detectivity (D*) of a photoconductive device is expected to scale as μ. The application potential is further verified by long-term device stability.
IPA-3 (PAK1 inhibitor) or OTSSP167 (MELK inhibitor) plus auranofin (PKCÎ¹ inhibitor), a therapeutic option for EGFR mutant, KRAS mutant and squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2018)

e24001 Background: p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) stimulates growth and metastasis in several types of tumors, including NSCLC. Protein kinase C iota (PKCi) is highly expressed in NSCLC and regulates PAK1 signaling. We have shown that cancer pathway-specific intervention, like EGFR inhibitors in EGFR mutant NSCLC, results in parallel compensatory activation of other pathways, including the receptor tyrosine kinases AXL and MET, the transmembrane protein CUB domain-containing protein-1 (CDCP1) or the transcriptional regulators STAT3 and YAP1. We have now explored whether a non-pathway-specific approach can be efficient in three classes of NSCLC. Methods: Three lung cancer cell lines were used: HCC827 and H23 lung adenocarcinoma cells with EGFR and KRAS mutations respectively, and H520 PAK1 amplified squamous NSCLC cells. Cell viability assays and western blotting were applied to evaluate the effect of IPA-3 plus auranofin and OTSSP167 plus auranofin. The Chou-Talalay modified method was used for drug combination studies (combination index [CI] = 1), synergism (CI < 1), and antagonism (CI > 1). Results: We found a differential PAK1 expression or activation profile in the three models, with H520 cells being the ones with the highest PAK1 expression and activation. IPA-3 plus auranofin was highly synergistic in HCC827, H23 and H520 cells with CIs of less than 0.4. In the HCC827 cells, the combination of IPA-3 plus auranofin abrogated EGFR and downstream signaling (ERK, AKT, STAT3, YAP1) and inhibited the expression and activation of AXL, MET and CDCP1. IPA-3 plus auranofin was also highly synergistic in H23 (CI = 0.3) and H520 (CI = 0.3) cells. In addition, the combination of OTSSP167 plus auranofin was synergistic in the three cell lines (0.7 in each cell line). Specifically, we noted that OTSSP167 ablated PAK1 phosphorylation in Ser144, Thr423 and Thr212. Conclusions: To date there are no PAK1 inhibitors available. Phase I trials of OTSSP167 in breast cancer (NCT02926690) and leukemia are ongoing. Hence, the combination of OTSSP167 and auranofin could be effective and of interest to be tested in EGFR, KRAS mutant and squamous NSCLC patients.
Adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine induces early CD4+T cell response that predicts long-term persistence of protective antibody levels (2009)

Immune responses to vaccination are tested in clinical trials. This process usually requires years especially when immune memory and persistence are analyzed. Markers able to quickly predict the immune response would be very useful, particularly when dealing with emerging diseases that require a rapid response, such as avian influenza. To address this question we vaccinated healthy adults at days 1, 22, and 202 with plain or MF59-adjuvanted H5N1 subunit vaccines and tested both cell-mediated and antibody responses up to day 382. Only the MF59-H5N1 vaccine induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies, a large pool of memory H5N1-specific B lymphocytes, and H5-CD4(+) T cells broadly reactive with drifted H5. The CD4(+) response was dominated by IL-2(+) IFN-gamma(-) IL-13(-) T cells. Remarkably, a 3-fold increase in the frequency of virus-specific total CD4(+) T cells, measurable after 1 dose, accurately predicted the rise of neutralizing antibodies after booster immunization and their maintenance 6 months later. We suggest that CD4(+) T cell priming might be used as an early predictor of the immunogenicity of prepandemic vaccines.
Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Aldehydes by the Use of Chiral Diamine Coordinated Tin(II) Triflate (1990)

Abstract Highly enantioselective aldol reaction of silyl enol ethers with aldehydes is performed by the use of a catalytic amount of chiral diamine coordinated tin(II) triflate according to a slow addition procedure.
Bond Strength of Bonded SOI Wafers (1992)

We developed a tensile strength measurement technique for bonded silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. After oxidation, wafers are patterned, prior to bonding, to reduce the bonded area. After bonding and grinding, tensile strength is measured by pulling samples perpendicularly to the interface by holders adhesively fixed to the samples. The strength of bonded SOI wafer annealed at 1100°C for 30 minutes exceeded 2000 kgf/cm 2 , and samples separated not at the bond interface, but at the Si itself. Both SiO 2 /Si and SiO 2 /SiO 2 bond strengths increased with annealing temperature. The SiO 2 /Si bond strength was stronger than that of the SiO 2 /SiO 2 bond for annealing temperatures under 1100°C. The strengths became equal after 1200°C annealing. The initial bond strength was maintained in a heat cycle varying from -65°C to 150°C in air for five months.
A 4-fJ/b Delay-Hardened Physically Unclonable Function Circuit With Selective Bit Destabilization in 14-nm Trigate CMOS (2017)

This paper describes a full-entropy 128-b key generation platform based on a 1024-b hybrid physically unclonable function (PUF) array, fabricated in 14-nm trigate high-k/metal-gate CMOS. Delay-hardened hybrid PUF cells use differential clock delay insertion to favor circuit evaluation in the desired direction while leveraging burn-in-induced aging for selective bit destabilization enabling quick identification and masking of unstable cells, and subsequent temporal-majority-voting with soft dark-bit masking to reduce PUF bit error by 3.9 times to 1.45% resulting in ~5 ppb failure probability. A stable full-entropy 128-b key is finally generated from the 1024 raw PUF bits using BCH error correction and AES-CBC-based entropy extraction. An all-digital design with compact PUF cell layout occupying 1.84 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> achieves: 1) 4-fJ/b energy-efficiency with 3-μW leakage at 0.65 V, 70°C; 2) peak operating frequency of 1 GHz resulting in 1.2-μs key generation latency; 3) robust operation with stable key generation across 0.55-0.75 V, and 25°C-110°C; 4) 14 times separation between intra/inter-PUF hamming distances with 0.99993 entropy ensuring cryptographic quality randomness and uniqueness; 5) 48% higher PUF stability with long-term aging by leveraging transistor degradation to reinforce favorable cell bias; and 6) resiliency to power cycling attacks with common centroid clock routing measured from 49.5% hamming distance between array's evaluation and wake-up states.
The BioMax/spl trade/ new biopower option for distributed generation and CHP (2004)

The BioMax line of small modular biopower systems from community power corporation (USA) offers new options for using a variety of biomass residues to provide power and heat for rural enterprises, homes and small communities. CPC's BioMax systems are skid-mounted, fully automated, environmentally friendly biopower systems that consist of an advanced and controllable down-draft gasifier integrated with an engine/generator that produces 5, 20 and 50 kW/sub e/ from producer gas. The BioMax systems are fully automated and require less than 30 minutes per day of attendant labor, excluding time to prepare the woody biomass feedstock. The attendant turns the key to start the engine on propane and then may walk away as the "expert" computer-based, control system starts the gasifier, activates the screw feeder as needed, automatically transitions from the start-up fuel (generally propane) to a clean producer gas made from woodchips or many other types of biomass residues and continues to operate and monitor the system until automatic shutdown. The feeder/gasifier system is driven by the load demands of the internal-combustion-spark engine/generator. BioMax systems are configured for combined heat and power applications.
Optical Network Reconfi guration for Signal Processin g Applications (2002)

This paper considers a class of embedded signal processing applications. To achieve realtime performance these applications must be executed on a parallel processor. The paper focuses on the multiring optical interconnection network used in the system and specifically on the performance gains associated with utilizing the bandwidth reconfiguration capabilities associated with the network. The network is capable of being reconfigured to provide designated bandwidths to different source-destination connections both across rings and within a ring. The applications each consist of a sequence of alternating communication and computation phases. The sequence continues until execution of the application is complete. The effect of reconfiguration on application performance is explored using simulation techniques. The results indicate that substantial performance gains (speedups of 2or more) can be achieved for this application class. 1
Liquid immersion lithography at 193 nm using a high-NA achromatic interferometer (2006)

In this paper, we present an immersion interferometer specially designed to be used with a commercial ArF excimer laser. Different configurations are presented enabling the printing of dense lines with a pitch down to 65 nm with an acceptable depth-of-focus. Photoresist patterns are shown at a half-pitch down to 40 nm with nice squared profiles. First polarization studies at high-numerical aperture (NA) have been performed and we noticed a good correlation between roughness and polarization variation at high NA.