gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CT-01 Phase IB study of IMMU-115 (humanised ANTI-CD74 antibody) targeting antigen presenting cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> IMMU-115 (milatuzumab), a humanised antibody targeting the CD74 antigen on antigen-presenting cells (APC), is being investigated in haematological malignancies. Since dysregulation of APCs may occur in autoimmunity, IMMU-115 could potentially help control disease activity in SLE. Following promising preclinical studies, IMMU-115 was reformulated for convenient administration by subcutaneous (SC) injection, and this initial study was undertaken. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Phase I, dose-escalation study in adults with SLE (ACR revised criteria) and positive ANA (titer ≥1:80), with moderate disease activity but not severe flares (at least 2 BILAG B’s, but no A’s) despite ≥5 mg/day prednisone. Background lupus medications continue with SC IMMU-115 administered weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Disease activity is assessed by BILAG2004 and SELENA-SLEDAI every 4 weeks until week 24 <h3>Results</h3> Ten patients (9F/1 M; median age, 37; median disease-duration, 7 years) have now completed dose level one, receiving 250 mg doses of IMMU-115 injected once-weekly for 4 weeks. They were on prednisone (5–20 mg/day, n = 10), antimalarials (n = 7), and immunosuppressives (n = 2) with mean SLEDAI 9.6 and BILAG-B activity in the musculoskeletal (n = 10), mucocutaneous (n = 9), cardiorespiratory (n = 1), and renal (n = 1) body systems. All patients improved in ≥1 body system, eliminating most musculoskeletal B’s (9/10, 90%) and mucocutaneous B’s (7/9, 78%) by week 8, with the single cardiorespiratory B eliminated by week 20, and the renal B vacillating between B and C over the study. Four patients flared post-treatment with new B-level disease at weeks 8, 12 and 20 (all cardiorespiratory) and week 24 (neuropsychiatric). Following treatment, mean total BILAG (scored using B = 5, C = 1, D/E = 0) decreased 43% and mean SLEDAI decreased 54%, both measures remaining decreased through week 24 (Figure 1). Adverse events were Grade 1–2 (mild-moderate) and predominantly injection site (n = 7) or constitutional/flu-like (n = 9) reactions managed with supportive medication (steroids, antihistamines, anti-pyretics). Routine safety and other laboratories (B/T cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, serum immunoglobulins, cytokines, ANA, other autoantibodies, CRP, C3) were unremarkable. One patient developed anti-IMMU-115 antibodies of uncertain clinical significance, resolving within 3 months. <h3>Conclusions</h3> IMMU-115 showed evidence of therapeutic efficacy with acceptable toxicity already at the first dose level, including suppression of disease activity extending 24 weeks in most patients. To confirm these results, further dose escalation was suspended with patients currently being randomised under double-blind conditions to receive treatment with 250 mg doses, a reduced dose of 100 mg, or placebo control. <h3>Acknowledgements </h3> Supported in part by U.S. Department of Defense Grant W81XWH-13–1-0392. <h3>Trial Registration </h3> Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01845740
A Compartmental Model Of Lactate Kinetics In Humans: Role Of Sites Of Tracer Administration And Sampling (2005)

The in vivo assessment of lactate distribution and metabolism is difficult since lactate is released and disposed in all the tissues of the body. This makes the traditional noncompartmental approach to estimate parameters of lactate kinetics very limited and dependent on the site of infusion/sampling mode. We propose here a new compartmental model of lactate kinetics which accounts for the two arterial-venous and venous-arterial infusion/sampling modes in a circulatory physiology context and allows the estimation of masses and fluxes in non-accessible pools, e. g. the intracellular release of lactate. Aspects related to optimal experiment design for model identification are discussed.
(Pro3)GIP[mPEG]: novel, long‐acting, mPEGylated antagonist of gastric inhibitory polypeptide for obesity‐diabetes (diabesity) therapy (2008)

These data demonstrate the utility of GIP receptor antagonism for the treatment of diabesity and the potential offered by (Pro(3))GIP[mPEG] as a long-acting stable GIP receptor antagonist.
Unusual pseudogap features observed in iron-oxypnictide superconductors (2008)

We present angle-integrated photoemission spectroscopy (PES) study of LaOFeAs:F (Tc = 26 K) and LaOFeP:F (Tc = 5 K) using He I line (hν = 21.2 eV) and laser (hν = 6.994 eV) as excitation light sources. We find quantitatively consistent results between the He I and the laser PES measurements: LaFeAsO:F exhibits a temperature-dependent pseudogap as large as ∼0.1 eV at 300 K, whereas LaFePO:F exhibits a ∼20-meV pseudogap. We discuss possible origin of the T-dependent pseudogap specifically observed in LaFeAsO:F through comparison with other materials that exhibit unusual T-dependent pseudogaps.
High Dielectric Breakdown Strength Nanoplatelet‐Based Multilayer Thin Films (2022)

Abstract Dielectric materials that can withstand high voltages are of great interest due to the growing need for high‐performance insulation systems in electronics. Polymer nanocomposites have gained popularity as electrical insulators due to their processability, high operating voltage, and tortuous paths for current flow created by the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The dielectric breakdown strength of a relatively thick multilayer thin film containing polyethylenimine (PEI) and vermiculite clay (VMT), thickened with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (tris), is evaluated as a function of bilayers (BL) deposited. The resulting nanobrick wall structure of this clay‐based assembly is ideal for protective insulation. An 8 BL PEI+tris/VMT film achieves a dielectric breakdown strength of 245 kV mm −1 , with a thickness of 5 µm. With increasing bilayers, the breakdown strength gradually decreases, but 20 BL of PEI+tris/VMT achieves a breakdown voltage of 2.36 kV. This nanoplatelet‐based system is the first “thick growing” layer‐by‐layer deposited film to be used as an insulating layer. Its unusually high breakdown strength can be useful for the protection of various high voltage electronics.
Synthesis of an analog of tabtoxinine as a potential inhibitor of D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (ADP forming) (1989)

The design and synthesis of a potential inhibitor of D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (ADP forming) (EC 6.3.2.4) are described. This enzyme, which catalyzes the second step in the biosynthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan, is believed to generate D-alanyl phosphate as an enzyme-bound intermediate. With tabtoxinine, a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, as a model, beta-lactams 9R and 9S were synthesized as potential precursors of a D-alanyl phosphate mimic.
Electronic Forensic Techniques for Manufacturer Attribution (Poster Session Slide). (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Fetal and Neonatal Echocardiographic Analysis of Biomechanical Alterations for the Hypoplastic Left Heart (2020)

Abstract Background Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) presents diagnostic and prognostic challenges while progressing toward heart failure (HF). Understanding the fetal and neonatal HLHS biomechanics, including novel hydrodynamic parameters, could help better planning of the long-term management of HLHS patients. Objectives Compare fetal and neonatal HLHS cardiac biomechanics against normal subjects using echocardiography. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 10 HLHS patients with echocardiograms at 33-weeks gestation and at the first week post-birth and 12 age-matched controls. We used in-house developed analysis algorithms to quantify ventricular biomechanics from four-chamber B-mode and color Doppler scans. Cardiac morphology, hemodynamics, tissue motion, deformation, and flow parameters were measured. Results Tissue motion, deformation, and index measurements did not reliably capture biomechanical changes. Stroke volume and cardiac output were nearly twice as large for the HLHS right ventricle (RV) compared to the control RV and left ventricle (LV) due to RV enlargement. The enlarged RV exhibited disordered flow with higher energy loss (EL) compared to prenatal control LV and postnatal control RV and LV. Furthermore, the enlarged RV demonstrated elevated vortex strength (VS) compared to both the control RV and LV, prenatally and postnatally. The HLHS RV showed reduced relaxation with increased early filling velocity ( E ) compared prenatally to the LV and postnatally to the control RV and LV. Furthermore, increased recovery pressure (Δ P ) was observed between the HLHS RV and control RV and LV, prenatally and postnatally. Conclusions The novel hydrodynamic parameters more reliably capture the HLHS alterations in contrast to traditional parameters.
Simulation of a new EEPROM flash memory cell for high density applications (2002)

Simulated results of a promising novel structure for a flash EEPROM cell is reported. The study was performed using a 2-D device simulator. The structure is shown to have better performance and robustness with the possibility of fabricating high density modules.
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Advances in Big Data Analytics for Management (2018)

Cloud and network analytics can harness the immense stream of operational data from clouds and networks, and can perform analytics processing to improve reliability, automated configuration, performance, and optimized network management in general. In this area, we have witnessed a growing trend towards using statistical analysis and machine learning techniques to improve operations and management of IT systems and networks.
Data from Fragile Histidine Triad–Mediated Tumor Suppression of Lung Cancer by Targeting Multiple Components of the Ras/Rho GTPase Molecular Switch (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The &lt;i&gt;fragile histidine triad&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;FHIT&lt;/i&gt;) gene has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor gene &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. However, the mechanism of its action is still largely unknown. To elucidate the molecular mechanism and biological pathway in FHIT-mediated tumor suppression, we used a complementary gene and protein expression profiling with DNA microarray and ProteinChip technologies to quantitatively monitor cellular changes in gene and protein expression and discover the molecular targets of FHIT in non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. The Ras/Rho signaling pathway was identified as one of the unique biological pathways associated with FHIT activity. A significantly down-regulated expression of genes and proteins of multiple key components in the Ras/Rho GTPases molecular switch, including Ran, Rab, Rac, Rap, and Ral, was observed on gene and protein expression profiles and further validated by Western blot analysis. Ectopic activation of FHIT in &lt;i&gt;FHIT&lt;/i&gt;-deficient H1299 cells also significantly reduced the invasive potential of tumor cells by down-regulating expression of RhoC, a potential marker of tumor cell invasion and metastases. A simultaneous knockdown of the expression of several key Ras/Rho signaling molecules using gene-specific small interfering RNAs (RHO-siRNA) targeting selected &lt;i&gt;Rab11, Rac1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Rap1&lt;/i&gt; genes significantly inhibited tumor cell growth and induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, and a local injection of RHO-siRNAs complexed with &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxyl)propyl]-&lt;i&gt;N,N,N&lt;/i&gt;-trimethylammoniummethyl sulfate:cholesterol nanoparticles inhibited tumor growth in A549 tumor xenografts in mice, mimicking the AdFHIT-mediated tumor-suppressing effect. These results suggest a new role of FHIT in down-regulating the Ras/Rho GTPase-associated oncogenic signaling pathway. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10379–88]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHORINS BY REACTION OF 1,2,5‐TRIPHENYLPHOSPHOLE WITH ALKYNES (1982)

Abstract 1,2,5‐Triphenyl‐phosphol (I) steht mit (II) im Gleichgewicht.
Ring expansion of thiochroman-4-one and isothiochroman-4-one with ethyl diazo(lithio)acetate to tetrahydrobenzothiepin β-oxoesters (1977)

When thiochroman-4-one (1) and isothiochroman-4-one (3) were treated with ethyl diazo(lithio)acetate, ethyl 2,3-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-benzothiepin-5-carboxylate (2) and ethyl 1,3-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-benzothiepin-5-carboxylate (4), respectively, were formed. An improved procedure for the two-step addition–ring expansion sequence is described. The preparation of 2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiepin-4(5H)-one (7) and of 1,3-dihydro-2-benzothiepin-4(5H)-one (8) from the esters (2) and (4), respectively, is reported. Deoxygenation of (7) and (8) to 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzothiepin (9) and 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzothiepin (10) by Caglioti reduction is described.
Comblike Ionic Complexes of Hyaluronic Acid and Alkanoylcholine Surfactants as a Platform for Drug Delivery Systems (2018)

Nontoxic alkanoylcholine soaps ( nACh) were synthesized from choline and fatty acids with numbers of carbons n equal to 12, 14, 16, and 18, the latter including both saturated and 9- cis unsaturated alkanoyl chains. Coupling of nACh with hyaluronic acid (HyA) rendered comblike ionic complexes nACh·HyA that were non-water-soluble. The complexes were thermally stable up to temperatures above 200 °C but readily degraded by water, in particular when hyaluronidases were present in the aqueous medium. In the solid state, these complexes were self-assembled in a biphasic layered structure in which the surfactant and the polysaccharide phases were alternating regularly with a periodicity dependent on the length of the alkanoyl chain. The paraffinic phase was found to be crystallized in saturated complexes with n ≥ 14, but only 18ACh·HyA showed reversible melting crystallization when subjected to cyclic heating-cooling treatment. Nanoparticles with diameters in the 50-150 nm range were prepared by ionotropic gelation from unbalanced 18ACh·HyA complexes with surfactant:HyA ratios of 0.5 and 0.25. These nanoparticles were also structured in layers, swelled slowly in water, and shown to be noncytotoxic in in vitro assays against macrophages cells. It was also shown that the anticancer drug doxorubicin was efficiently encapsulated in both films and NPs of 18ACh·HyA, and its release was shown to be almost linear and complete after one day of incubation in physiological medium. The nACh·HyA complexes constitute a highly promising biocompatible/biodegradable platform for the design of systems suitable for drug transport and targeting delivery in anticancer chemotherapy.
Immunogenicity and safety of a DNA prime/adenovirus boost vaccine against rhesus CEA in nonhuman primates (2007)

Scaling up experimental protocols from rodents to humans is often not a straightforward procedure, and this particularly applies to cancer vaccines, where vaccination technology must be especially effective to overcome a variety of immune suppressive mechanisms. DNA electroporation (DNA-EP) and adenoviral vectors (Ad) have shown high potency and therapeutic efficacy for different antigens in several pre-clinical models. To evaluate the ability of DNA-EP and Ad to break tolerance to a self-antigen in large animals, we have cloned the CEA homologue (rhCEA) from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) colon tissue samples. rhCEA is a 705 aa protein and shares 78.9% homology to human CEA protein. Immunogenicity of rhCEA expressing vectors was tested in mice and subsequently in rhesus monkeys. To further increase the immunogenic potency of these vectors, a synthetic codon optimized rhCEA cDNA (rhCEAopt) was constructed. Genetic vaccination of rhesus monkeys was effective in breaking immune tolerance to rhCEA in all immunized animals, maintaining over time the elicited immune response, and most importantly, neither autoimmunity nor other side-effects were observed upon treatment. Our data confirm the efficacy of genetic cancer vaccines in large animals such as nonhuman primates and show that development of modified expression cassettes that result in increased potency of plasmid DNA and adenovirus may have a significant impact on vaccine development against malignancies expressing tumor associated antigens in patients.
An aid to radiation therapy simulation (1994)

We have mounted a transmission liquid crystal display unit on the head of a radiotherapy simulator and projected, using the field light, a digitized fluoroscopic image with treatment prescription overlay. It is suggested that this approach (i) can aid visualization on the patient of complex field borders including those defined by multileaf collimators; (ii) could play a role in computed tomography or magnetic resonance based treatment planning and (iii) contributes to configuring non-coplanar beams.
Influence of growth rate on the epitaxial orientation and crystalline quality of CeO2 thin films grown on Al2O3(0001) (2011)

Growth rate-induced epitaxial orientations and crystalline quality of CeO2 thin films grown on Al2O3(0001) by oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy were studied using in situ and ex situ characterization techniques. CeO2 grows as three-dimensional (3D) islands and two-dimensional layers at growth rates of 1–7 Å/min and ≥9 Å/min, respectively. The formation of epitaxial CeO2(100) and CeO2(111) thin films occurs at growth rates of 1 Å/min and ≥9 Å/min, respectively. Glancing-incidence x-ray diffraction measurements have shown that the films grown at intermediate growth rates (2–7 Å/min) consist of polycrystalline CeO2 along with CeO2(100). The thin film grown at 1 Å/min exhibits six in-plane domains, characteristic of well-aligned CeO2(100) crystallites. The content of the poorly aligned CeO2(100) crystallites increases with increasing growth rate from 2 to 7 Å/min, and three out of six in-plane domains gradually decrease and eventually disappear, as confirmed by XRD pole figures. At growth rates ≥9 Å/min, CeO2(111) film with single in-plane domain was identified. The formation of CeO2(100) 3D islands at growth rates of 1–7 Å/min is a kinetically driven process unlike at growth rates ≥9 Å/min which result in an energetically and thermodynamically more stable CeO2(111) surface.
Positioning versus postural drainage. (2002)

For the past 70 years positioning and postural drainage have played an important role in increasing lung volumes, perfusion, oxygenation and mobilization of secretions. While gravity is not a primary mechanism for normal secretion clearance, it plays a major role in depth and pattern of ventilation, perfusion, and lymphatic drainage. Changing patient position, or turning patients on a regular basis, is a powerful tool in maintaining lung health in a broad range of patients. In contrast, postural drainage requires considerable investment of time, and has been shown to have limited benefit in most patients. Postural drainage has been shown to improve mobilization of secretions in patients with cystic fibrosis as well as patients who produce, and have difficulty clearing, large quantities of sputum. The benefits of postural drainage appear technique-dependent, requiring sufficient drainage time (3 - 15 min) for each position drained. The evidence does not support the use of vibration and percussion independent of active postural drainage. Exercise offers benefit in secretion clearance, which increases when combined with a program of postural drainage. In conclusion, routine turning, mobilization and exercise is important to maintain lung health in all patients, while postural drainage, properly applied, has been shown to improve secretion clearance in a relatively narrow range of patients with cystic fibrosis and excessive sputum production.
Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy: Complications of Premature Nephrostomy Tube Removal (1986)

Nephrostomy tube urinary drainage is important in the initial postoperative period after 1-stage percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. We report 2 cases in which nephrostomy tube drainage was not used after rapid removal of simple upper urinary tract calculi. The complications incurred resulted in prolonged hospitalization and marked patient discomfort.
A study of projected optical images for typical IC mask patterns illuminated by partially coherent light (1983)

Optical projection printing using partially coherent illumination is simulated for one micrometer and half micrometer objects representative of typical mask patterns such as contact holes, rectangular bars and openings, intersections of perpendicular lines, and adjacent lines of unequal lengths. The image intensity distributions in absorptionless photoresists on nonreflective substrates are plotted as sets of constant intensity contours. For each pattern and illumination, an exposure-defocus (E-D) diagram is generated by evaluating the combined exposure and defocus tolerance yielding linewidths within ±2.5 percent of the mask linewidth. Besides comparing the image and ED margins of different object shapes and sizes, the effects of high versus low degrees of coherence, single versus dual wavelength, as well as long-wavelength high NA versus short-wavelength low NA were studied using the 1-µm rectangular opening.
ARPANET performance tuning techniques (1982)

As part of its operation and maintenance of the ARPANET for the past twelve years, BBN has been asked to investigate a number of cases of degradation in network performance. This presentation discusses the practical methods and tools used to uncover and correct the causes of these service problems. A basic iterative method of hypothesis generation, experimental data gathering, and analysis is described. Emphasis is placed on the need for experienced network analysts to direct the performance investigation and for the availability of network programmers to provide special purpose modifications to the network node software in order to probe the causes of the traffic patterns under observation. Many typical sources of performance problems are described, a detailed list of the tools used by the analyst are given, and a list of basic techniques provided. Throughout the presentation specific examples from actual ARPANET performance studies are used to illustrate the points made.
Thermogelling Poly(caprolactone-b-ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) Aqueous Solutions (2005)

Poly(caprolactone-b-ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) (PCL−PEG−PCL) triblock copolymer aqueous solution (>15 wt %) undergoes the sol−gel−sol transition as the temperature increases from 10 to 60 °C. The mechanism and structure−property relationship of the sol−gel transition were investigated. In particular, compared with the PEG−PCL−PEG triblock copolymers recently reported by our group, PCL−PEG−PCL has (1) a synthetic advantage without a hexamethylene diisocyanate coupling step, (2) a wider gel window of over 15−32 wt %, and (3) a larger gel modulus. Both PEG−PCL−PEG and PCL−PEG−PCL polymers are an important progress in the biodegradable thermogelling system in that they can be lyophilized in a powder form, are easy to handle, are easy to redissolve to a clear solution, and show little syneresis through the gel phase.