gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Metal Mixing on Mechanical Performance of Laser Keyhole Welding of Nickel and Copper (2022)

Abstract In laser keyhole welding of dissimilar metals, metal mixing in the molten pool is critical to the microstructure and mechanical performance of the welds. In this study, metal mixing and its effects on the mechanical performance of the miscible Nickel-Copper welds are investigated. Experiments were carried out to fabricate samples with different welding parameters. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is used to characterize the metal distribution in the fusion zone of the post welds. Mechanical strength testing and fractographic analysis are performed to characterize the strength of the welds and the fracture mode. Two regions of different concentrations can be found in the welds, and the concentrations of these two regions vary significantly with welding parameters. The weld strength is dependent on the interfacial region concentration, and the welds undergo a mixture of shear fracture and tensile fracture during the mechanical strength testing process. The interfacial concentration and the weld strength can be controlled by tuning the concentration of the two concentration regions in the fusion zone and the location of the boundary between the two regions. This study provides insights for industries regarding the design and optimization of the laser welding process to achieve welds with optimal mechanical performance.
Photon-number squeezing in visible-spectrum light-emitting diodes (2003)

Strong photon-number squeezing in visible-spectrum light-emitting diodes operating at room temperature is reported. The squeezing level achieved was typically 0.5 dB (12%) in conventional high-brightness red-emitting devices, and increased up to 1.2 dB (25%) in a high-power truncated-inverted-pyramid (TIP) device.
Unexpectedly High Frequency of Antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Human Sera as Measured by Sensitive Techniques (1977)

Mycoplasmacidal and radioimmunoprecipitating antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae were commonly detected in healthy children younger than five years of age, in whom natural disease due to M. pneumoniae is rare. Antibody in serum could also be demonstrated in Marine recruits several weeks or months before development of pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae. The latter observation suggests that serum antibody does not confer protection against disease caused by M. pneumoniae.
Pectoralis Major Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis of Modern Repair Configurations Versus Traditional Repair Configuration (2017)

Cortical button fixation with larger caliber suture and suture tape allows for a significantly better PM repair than more traditional techniques at the time of surgery, which may ultimately result in improved clinical outcomes if implemented in surgical practice.
Calmodulin-regulated binding of the 90-kDa heat shock protein to actin filaments. (1986)

We have found that the 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) prepared from a mouse lymphoma exists in homodimeric form under physiological conditions and has the ability to bind to F-actin (Koyasu, S., Nishida, E., Kadowaki, T., Matsuzaki, F., Iida, K., Harada, F., Kasuga, M., Sakai, H., and Yahara, I. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., in press). Here we show that calmodulin regulates the binding of HSP90 to F-actin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The binding of HSP90 to F-actin occurred optimally under physiological solution conditions, i.e. in 2 mM MgCl2 + 100 mM KCl. The binding was saturable in a molar ratio of about 1 HSP90 (dimer) to 10 actins. HSP90 was dissociated from F-actin by the binding of tropomyosin to F-actin. Calmodulin was found to inhibit the binding of HSP90 to F-actin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Moreover, the equilibrium gel filtration demonstrated that calmodulin binds to HSP90 in the presence of Ca2+, but not in the absence of Ca2+. These data indicate that HSP90 complexed with Ca2+-calmodulin is unable to bind to F-actin. Ca2+-dependent interaction of HSP90 with calmodulin as well as calmodulin-regulated binding of HSP90 to F-actin revealed here may provide new insight into the function of HSP90 and the regulation of actin structure in cells.
A Pre-Concentrator for Explosive Vapor Detection (2015)

A pre-concentrator was developed for a vapor detection system to improve its response when continuously monitoring trace levels of explosives. The pre-concentrator employs an additional polymer coated microheater upstream from the active sensor element, allowing the delivery of a concentrated burst of analyte to the detector. And has resulted in a lower detection limit for both nitrogen and non-nitrogen based explosives. Further improvements in sensor response were realized by using zinc oxide nanowires as a catalyst and/or a catalyst support. The increased surface area available for catalytic interaction and the pre-concentration step have lowered the detection limit of explosives such as TATP and 2, 6-DNT by orders of magnitude.
Robust classification of objects, faces, and flowers using natural image statistics (2010)

Classification of images in many category datasbets has rapidly improved in recent years. However, systems that perform well on particular datasets typically have one or more limitations such as a failure to generalize across visual tasks (e.g., requiring a face detector or extensive retuning of parameters), insufficient translation invariance, inability to cope with partial views and occlusion, or significant performance degradation as the number of classes is increased. Here we attempt to overcome these challenges using a model that combines sequential visual attention using fixations with sparse coding. The model's biologically-inspired filters are acquired using unsupervised learning applied to natural image patches. Using only a single feature type, our approach achieves 78.5% accuracy on Caltech-101 and 75.2% on the 102 Flowers dataset when trained on 30 instances per class and it achieves 92.7% accuracy on the AR Face database with 1 training instance per person. The same features and parameters are used across these datasets to illustrate its robust performance.
Comparison of High-Dose Intermittent and Low-Dose Continuous Oral Artemisinin in Dogs With Naturally Occurring Tumors (2014)

To evaluate the clinical toxicity and activity of orally administered artemisinin in dogs with spontaneous tumors, 24 client-owned dogs were randomly divided into two groups and received either low-continuous dose (3 mg/kg q 24 hr) or high-dose intermittent (three doses of 45 mg/kg q 6 hr repeated q 1 wk) of artemisinin per os. Treatment was continued for 21 days. Dogs were evaluated weekly for clinical effect and at the end of the treatment for hematologic and biochemical adverse events. Whole blood concentrations of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after the first dose of artemisinin in three dogs in each group. Blood concentrations of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin were <0.1 μM at all time points, and there was no difference in blood concentration between the two dosing groups. The most frequent adverse event was anorexia, which was observed in 11% of the low-dose group and 29% of the high-dose group. Oral artemisinin, both in low-dose continuous and high-dose intermittent, is well tolerated in dogs but results in low bioavailability. Parenteral administration should be considered for future studies.
Bioreactor-Grown Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) Vaccine Protects Badgers against Virulent Mycobacterium bovis When Administered Orally: Identifying Limitations in Baited Vaccine Delivery (2020)

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) in Great Britain adversely affects animal health and welfare and is a cause of considerable economic loss. The situation is exacerbated by European badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>) acting as a wildlife source of recurrent <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> infection to cattle. Vaccination of badgers against TB is a possible means to reduce and control bovine TB. The delivery of vaccine in oral bait holds the best prospect for vaccinating badgers over a wide geographical area. There are practical limitations over the volume and concentration of Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) that can be prepared for inclusion in bait. The production of BCG in a bioreactor may overcome these issues. We evaluated the efficacy of oral, bioreactor-grown BCG against experimental TB in badgers. We demonstrated repeatable protection through the direct administration of at least 2.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> colony forming units of BCG to the oral cavity, whereas vaccination via voluntary consumption of bait containing the same preparation of BCG did not result in demonstrable protection at the group-level, although a minority of badgers consuming bait showed immunological responses and protection after challenge equivalent to badgers receiving oral vaccine by direct administration. The need to deliver oral BCG in the context of a palatable and environmentally robust bait appears to introduce such variation in BCG delivery to sites of immune induction in the badger as to render experimental studies variable and inconsistent.
Facet-embedded thin-film III–V edge-emitting lasers integrated with SU-8 waveguides on silicon (2010)

A thin-film InGaAs/GaAs edge-emitting single-quantum-well laser has been integrated with a tapered multimode SU-8 waveguide onto an Si substrate. The SU-8 waveguide is passively aligned to the laser using mask-based photolithography, mimicking electrical interconnection in Si complementary metal-oxide semiconductor, and overlaps one facet of the thin-film laser for coupling power from the laser to the waveguide. Injected threshold current densities of 260A/cm(2) are measured with the reduced reflectivity of the embedded laser facet while improving single mode coupling efficiency, which is theoretically simulated to be 77%.
F-actin organization influences the osmotic reactions of animal cells. (1989)

The resistance of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells to the disruption in strongly hypotonic medium was measured in the presence or absence of cytochalasin B. The osmotic resistance of CEF spread on solid substratum was much higher than that of CEF suspended in a fluid medium. Cytochalasin B decreased the osmotic resistance of spread CEF, but not of suspended CEF or EAT cells. These data demonstrate that not only the properties of cell membrane, but also the organization of actin filaments determines the osmotic reactions of cells.
Meshes (1994)

Building complex meshes for large-scale numerical simulations presents immense difficulties in exploiting high-performance computers. Industry and research leaders will describe the current state of the art for generating meshes for such large scientific problems. This will be followed by a panel and general audience discussion of the algorithmic and architectural issues surrounding the generation of meshes with 107 to 109 grid points. (Note: The terms "mesh" and "grid" are used interchangeably in the literature.)
Conducting mechanism of atom switch with polymer solid-electrolyte (2011)

Low-temperature characterization has been performed on atom switch to clarify conducting mechanism determining the device performance. The low resistive state (<;400Ω) shows metallic conduction accompanied with a high residual resistance. In the high resistive state (>;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> Ω), the resistance exponentially decreases with temperature based on Poole-Frenkel (P-F) conduction. In the intermediate range (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> Ω), the resistance has small temperature dependence and the current is suppressed at the low-voltage regime due to the charging effect at Cu residues in a solid-electrolyte. The polymer solid-electrolyte (PSE) with forming-free operation enables the complete collection of the Cu residues without destroying the electrolyte, which is essential for the atom switch to keep a high OFF/ON resistance ratio.
Editorial: Andrology (1994)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1994Editorial: Andrology Jacob Rajfer Jacob RajferJacob Rajfer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)32600-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial: Andrology." The Journal of Urology, 152(3), p. 891 © 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDean Knoll L, Benson R, Bilhartz D, Minich P and Furlow W (2018) A Randomized Crossover Study Using Yohimbine and Isoxsuprine Versus Pentoxifylline in the Management of Vasculogenic ImpotenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 155, NO. 1, (144-146), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1996. Volume 152Issue 3September 1994Page: 891 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jacob Rajfer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Semi‐polar InN(10$ \bar 1 $3) dominant growth on GaAs(110) substrate by mixing hydrogen in carrier gas (2011)

Abstract The growth of semi‐polar InN(10 $ \bar 1 $ 3) on a GaAs(110) substrate by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) was investigated. It was confirmed that the semi‐polar InN(10 $ \bar 1 $ 3) plane was dominantly grown by mixing 0.4% hydrogen in nitrogen carrier gas, whereas a ‐plane InN was mixed without hydrogen gas. An ω‐mode X‐ray rocking curve of the InN(10 $ \bar 1 $ 3) plane revealed that the InN(10 $ \bar 1 $ 3) crystals were tilted approximately 1.1∼1.4° in the direction of the GaAs[111] due to the structural difference between InN(10 $ \bar 1 $ 3) and GaAs(110). Although the as‐grown InN was twin crystal, however, the integrated intensity of smaller peak was less than 1% in related to that of the other peak. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Use of NH3 to Promote the Production of Large-Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with a Narrow (n,m) Distribution (2010)

We demonstrate here a simple and effective (n,m)-selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in an aerosol floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process by introducing a certain amount of ammonia (NH(3)). Chiralities of carbon nanotubes produced in the presence of 500 ppm NH(3) at 880 °C are narrowly distributed around the major semiconducting (13,12) nanotube with over 90% of SWCNTs having large chiral angles in the range 20°-30°, and nearly 50% in the range 27°-29°. The developed synthesis process enables chiral-selective growth at high temperature for structurally stable carbon nanotubes with large diameters.
Insertion-Deletion Transformer (2020)

We propose the Insertion-Deletion Transformer, a novel transformer-based neural architecture and training method for sequence generation. The model consists of two phases that are executed iteratively, 1) an insertion phase and 2) a deletion phase. The insertion phase parameterizes a distribution of insertions on the current output hypothesis, while the deletion phase parameterizes a distribution of deletions over the current output hypothesis. The training method is a principled and simple algorithm, where the deletion model obtains its signal directly on-policy from the insertion model output. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our Insertion-Deletion Transformer on synthetic translation tasks, obtaining significant BLEU score improvement over an insertion-only model.
Nonswelling Negative Resists Incorporating Chemical Amplification (1989)

Photoinduced crosslinking of polymers through electrophilic aromatic substitution has been achieved with a family of styrenic polymers or copolymers containing both latent electrophiles and activated aromatic groups. These polymers can be used in combination with a photoacid generator to design a non-swelling negative multipurpose resist which can be used for deep-UV, X-ray or E-beam imaging and has a very high sensitivity. For example, in the deep-UV, sensitivities of less than 1 mJ/cm2 are obtained with very high contrasts. Irradiation of the two-component resists results in the generation of strong acid which, upon baking, activates the latent electrophile to a carbocationic species that couples to neighboring activated aromatic moieties in a crosslinking process. Vinyl-phenol units are incorporated in the copolymer formulation to provide activated aromatic sites, solubility of the resist in aqueous base, and lack of swelling during image development. Alternate three-component formulations in which the latent electrophile is separate from the activated aromatic moiety are also suitable.
Progress and Preparation [President's Message] (2017)

Presents the President's message for this issue of the publication.
A morphology-based assay platform for neuroepithelial-like cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (2018)

Cell morphology is recognized as an important hallmark of neural cells. During the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into neural cells, cell morphology changes dynamically. Therefore, characterization of the morphology of cells during this period is important to improve our understanding of the differentiation and development of neural cells. General methods for the directed induction of hPSCs include the steps of multi-cellular aggregation or high-density cell culture, particularly at the early phase of neural differentiation, and therefore, the morphology of each differentiating cell is difficult to recognize. Here, we have developed a new method for the directed differentiation of neuroepithelial-like cells (NELCs) from hPSCs at a low cell density in an adherent monolayer culture, as well as an image-processing algorithm to evaluate the cell morphology of differentiating NELCs, in order to follow cell morphology during the differentiation of hPSCs into NELCs. Using these methods, the morphological transition of differentiating cells was observed in real time using phase contrast imaging and then quantified. Because cell morphology is also considered an inherent biological marker of neural cells cultured in vitro, this method is potentially useful to study the mechanisms underlying neural cell differentiation.
Geometric Restriction of Gas Permeance in Ultrathin Film Composite Membranes Evaluated Using an Integrated Experimental and Modeling Approach (2016)

Gas permeation through ultrathin film composite (uTFC) membranes can be restricted by the pore size and porosity of the porous supports, resulting in a reduction in permeance. Although this geometric restriction has been demonstrated using empirical and computational models, a systematic experimental validation of the models is still lacking. This study addresses the gap by preparing a series of uTFC membranes comprising glassy perfluoropolymers (such as Teflon AF1600 and Hyflon AD80) as selective layers on top of a commercial poly(ether sulfone) (PES) microporous support and investigating the effects of the surface morphology and selective layer thickness on the gas permeance. The geometric restriction resulting from the porous support becomes more severe as the selective layer becomes thinner. For example, the PES support decreased the gas permeance of a 100-nm-thick Hyflon AD80 film by as much as 42%. The experimental data agreed well with the modeling results, which convincingly confirms that porous supports with high porosity and small pores are needed to prepare high-flux uTFC membranes. This study also provides a nonintrusive method for determining the pore size and porosity of support surfaces, despite their great nonuniformity.
Gold–silica quantum rattles for multimodal imaging and therapy (2015)

Gold quantum dots exhibit distinctive optical and magnetic behaviors compared with larger gold nanoparticles. However, their unfavorable interaction with living systems and lack of stability in aqueous solvents has so far prevented their adoption in biology and medicine. Here, a simple synthetic pathway integrates gold quantum dots within a mesoporous silica shell, alongside larger gold nanoparticles within the shell's central cavity. This "quantum rattle" structure is stable in aqueous solutions, does not elicit cell toxicity, preserves the attractive near-infrared photonics and paramagnetism of gold quantum dots, and enhances the drug-carrier performance of the silica shell. In vivo, the quantum rattles reduced tumor burden in a single course of photothermal therapy while coupling three complementary imaging modalities: near-infrared fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance imaging. The incorporation of gold within the quantum rattles significantly enhanced the drug-carrier performance of the silica shell. This innovative material design based on the mutually beneficial interaction of gold and silica introduces the use of gold quantum dots for imaging and therapeutic applications.
Performance-portable autotuning of OpenCL kernels for convolutional layers of deep neural networks (2016)

We present a portable and highly-optimized Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithm and its implementation techniques. Our approach is a novel combination of existing HPC techniques that methodically applies autotuning as well as data layout and low-level optimizations that achieve performance matching and/or exceeding what is possible with either reverse engineering and manual assembly coding or proprietary vendor libraries. The former was done inside the maxDNN implementation and the latter is represented by cuDNN. Our work may be directly applied to the most time consuming part of DNN workflow, namely the training process which often needs a restart when it stagnates due to, for example, diminishing gradients and getting stuck in local minima. With the result of performance tests on a consumer-grade GPU with the latest High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) stack, our methodology can match a server grade hardware at a fraction of the price. Another tuning sweep on a new GPU architecture from a different vendor also attests to the portability of our approach and the quality of our implementation.
Systematic Functional Testing of Rare Variants: Contributions of CFI to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2017)

Taken together, our data argue that multiple rare and ultra-rare alleles in CFI contribute to AMD pathogenesis; they improve the precision of the assessment of the contribution of CFI to AMD; and they offer a rational route to establishing both causality and direction of allele effect for genes associated with this disorder.