gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Differential Current Measurement System with Optical Intensity Modulation Using Flint Glass Fiber Type Optical Current Transducers (2004)

Authors are developing a system that measures the differential optical intensity from two flint glass fiber type current transducers (OCT) directly connected in a series by an optical fiber and performs differential current measurement. In this paper, we propose adding a summed current information to the subtracted current information as input information of a relay unit. We designed an experimental model including the relay unit applicable to the under ground power line of 20km, 66kV. Evaluation by numerical analysis and examination was performed. In the large current test this model did not misjudge. The total error of OCT is about ±3%, because its own error ratio is ±1.5% combined with its temperature dependence of ±1.5%. However we confirmed that the error is not a problem in operation of this system. We found that the influence of vibration, shock and bending of the optical fiber for transmission can be reduced by using a depolarizer. It has been checked that the proposed system can satisfactorily operate under the conditions we assumed on practical use.
Differential Biosynthesis of Polysialic Acid on Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) and Oligosaccharide Acceptors by Three Distinct α2,8-Sialyltransferases, ST8Sia IV (PST), ST8Sia II (STX), and ST8Sia III (2000)

Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is thought to play a critical role in neural development. Polysialylation of NCAM was shown to be achieved by two alpha2,8-polysialyltransferases, ST8Sia IV (PST) and ST8Sia II (STX), which are moderately related to another alpha2,8-sialyltransferase, ST8Sia III. Here we describe that all three alpha2,8-sialyltransferases can utilize oligosaccharides as acceptors but differ in the efficiency of adding polysialic acid on NCAM. First, we found that ST8Sia III can form polysialic acid on the enzyme itself (autopolysialylation) but not on NCAM. These discoveries prompted us to determine if ST8Sia IV and ST8Sia II share the property of ST8Sia III in utilizing low molecular weight oligosaccharides as acceptors. By using a newly established method, we found that ST8Sia IV, ST8Sia II, and ST8Sia III all add oligosialic and polysialic acid on various sialylated N-acetyllactosaminyl oligosaccharides, including NCAM N-glycans, fetuin N-glycans, synthetic sialylated N-acetyllactosamines, and on alpha(2)-HS-glycoprotein. Our results also showed that monosialyl and disialyl N-acetyllactosamines can serve equally as an acceptor, suggesting that no initial addition of alpha2,8-sialic acid is necessary for the action of polysialyltransferases. Polysialylation of NCAM by ST8Sia IV and ST8Sia II is much more efficient than polysialylation of N-glycans isolated from NCAM. Moreover, ST8Sia IV and ST8Sia II catalyze polysialylation of NCAM much more efficiently than ST8Sia III. These results suggest that no specific acceptor recognition is involved in polysialylation of low molecular weight sialylated oligosaccharides, whereas the enzymes exhibit pronounced acceptor specificities if glycoproteins are used as acceptors.
Executive Functions (2021)

Abstract Over the last decade a plethora of studies has explored the role of executive functions (EF) in academic achievement. The majority of these studies has focused on three subcomponents of EF: inhibition, shifting, and updating in working memory. As a result, much less attention has been paid to other subcomponents of EF, such as planning that is considered the pinnacle of EF. Thus, in this chapter, we turn to the origins of EF describing planning and how it fits within a broader model of writing. Finally, we describe a writing task (the Predicament Test) that allows individuals to integrate their plans of action with their feelings. In view of arguments that the nature of EF is ‘elusive’, planning is giving us a first-hand opportunity to rediscover EF by putting theory before factor analytic approaches.
Performance analysis of binary coded systems over Rician block fading channels (2004)

This paper considers the performance analysis of binary coded systems over Rician block fading channels. In the transmitter, the coded bits are interleaved prior to transmission to spread burst errors resulting from deeply faded blocks. The union bound on the bit error probability (BEP) is derived assuming uniform interleaving prior to transmission over the channel and using the weight enumerator of the code. To compute the union bound, the pairwise error probability (PEP) is derived for coherent detection with perfect and imperfect channel side information (SI) at the receiver. The bound is evaluated for convolutional codes with different values of specular power and results show that the bound predicts the performance degradation due to channel memory. Channel estimation/diversity tradeoff is investigated assuming imperfect SI.
Real-time monitoring of contact behavior of RF MEMS switches with a very low power CMOS capacitive sensor interface (2010)

This paper presents the first ultra-low power, fully electronic methodology for real-time monitoring of the dynamic behavior of RF MEMS switches. The measurement is based on a capacitive readout circuit composed of 67 transistors with a 105 µm x 105 µm footprint consuming as little as 60 µW. This is achieved by accurately sensing the capacitance change around the contact region at sampling rates from 10 kHz to 5 MHz. Experimental and simulation results show that timing of not only the first contact event but also all subsequent contact bounces can be accurately measured with this technique without interfering with the switch performance. This demonstrates the potential of extending this technique to real-time on-chip dynamic monitoring of packaged RF MEMS switches through their entire lifetime and after their integration in the final system.
Deconstructing process isolation (2006)

Most operating systems enforce process isolation through hardware protection mechanisms such as memory segmentation, page mapping, and differentiated user and kernel instructions. Singularity is a new operating system that uses software mechanisms to enforce process isolation. A software isolated process (SIP) is a process whose boundaries are established by language safety rules and enforced by static type checking. SIPs provide a low cost isolation mechanism that provides failure isolation and fast inter-process communication.To compare the performance of Singularity's SIPs against traditional isolation techniques, we implemented an optional hardware isolation mechanism. Protection domains are hardware-enforced address spaces, which can contain one or more SIPs. Domains can either run at the kernel's privilege level or be fully isolated from the kernel and run at the normal application privilege level. With protection domains, we can construct Singularity configurations that are similar to micro-kernel and monolithic kernel systems. We found that hardware-based isolation incurs non-trivial performance costs (up to 25--33%) and complicates system implementation. Software isolation has less than 5% overhead on these benchmarks.The lower run-time cost of SIPs makes their use feasible at a finer granularity than conventional processes. However, hardware isolation remains valuable as a defense-in-depth against potential failures in software isolation mechanisms. Singularity's ability to employ hardware isolation selectively enables careful balancing of the costs and benefits of each isolation technique.
HCV-related liver and lymphoproliferative diseases: association with polymorphisms of IL28B and TLR2 (2016)

To explore the relationship between innate immunity and hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in determining the risk of cirrhosis (CIR), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (MCS) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we investigated the impact of the toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and interleukin-28B (IL28B) genetic variants. TLR2 -174 del variant was associated with TLR2 expression and with specific downstream molecules that drive the expression of different interleukins; rs12979860 Il28B was important in response to interferon-treatment and in spontaneous clearance of HCV. The risk for liver and lymphoproliferative diseases in HCV progression was clarified by stratifying 862 HCV-positive patients into groups based on liver (CIR, HCC) and lymphoproliferative HCV-related diseases (MCS, NHL) and compared with chronic HCV (CHC) infection. Analysis of TLR2-IL28B haplotypes showed an association of wild type haplotype with the lymphoproliferative diseases (OR 1.77, p = 0.029) and a slight increase in HCV viral load (HR 1.38, p = 0.054). Wild type haplotype (TLR2 ins/ins- IL28B C/C) was also found associated with older age in patients with an hepatic diseases (in CIR and in HCC p = 0.038 and p = 0.020, respectively) supporting an effect of innate immunity in the liver disease progression. TLR2 and IL28B polymorphisms in combination showed a role in the control of HCV viral load and different HCV disease progression.
IP-optical convergence : A complete solution (2014)

The current SDN movement in the telecoms industry offers a much-needed solution to attain the high levels of automation that modern networks demand - for both IP and optical systems. In parallel, and to some extent related to this, service providers are moving away from the independent operation of IP and optical transport toward a converged approach, with joint operation.
The Role of Depression and Dissociation in the Link Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Later Parental Practices (2005)

Research has yielded contradictory results on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and later parental functioning. This study was undertaken to specify the link between childhood sexual abuse and maternal parenting, while taking into account mothers' childhood physical and emotional traumas and current depressive and dissociative symptoms. Data were collected through self-report measures completed by 93 French-speaking Canadian mothers of children aged 6 to 11 years referred to Youth Protection Services. Parental behaviors examined included involvement with the child, use of positive reinforcement, lack of monitoring and supervision of the child, inconsistency in applying discipline, and use of corporal punishment. Mothers' perception of the quality of the relationship with her child was also assessed. In addition, history of abuse and neglect, depression and dissociation were respectively measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule Simplified, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale. The short-form of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale was used to control for respondent bias aimed at minimizing their problems. Mothers' current depressive symptoms were not found to predict any of the parental dimensions measured. Results from multiple hierarchical regressions pointed to dissociative symptoms as the key predictor of parental practices and attitudes. More specifically, dissociative symptoms predicted the use of positive reinforcement, lack of monitoring and supervision of the child, inconsistency in applying discipline, and use of corporal punishment. Dissociation also mediated the association between childhood maltreatment (physical and emotional abuse and neglect) and inconsistency in applying discipline. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Preliminary analysis of transformer bases (1993)

This report covers a six-week study of the existing data on transformer bases and luminaire poles used by the Texas Department of Transportation. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which static testing of various configurations can be replaced with analysis combined with the existing database. Several combinations were found for which the existing static test data are sufficient to accept these combinations of transformer base and luminaire pole for use by the Texas Department of Transportation without further static testing. Although these results are promising, further research is needed before evaluation of other transformer bases and luminaire poles can be performed without the aid of static testing. This report is not intended for construction, bidding, or permit purposes.
Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2/3 and Invasive Cervical Cancer in Japanese Women (2014)

The results of this study provide pre-vaccination era baseline data on human papillomavirus type distribution in Japanese women and serve as a reliable basis for monitoring the future impact of human papillomavirus vaccination in Japan.
Lab VIEW-Based Software-Defined Radio: 4-QAM Modem (2007)

A software-defined radio consists of a programmable communication system where functional changes can be made by merely updating software. In this paper, a software-defined radio 4-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) modem system is implemented in LabVIEW. LabVIEW is a widely used graphical programming environment which allows designing systems in an intuitive block-based manner in shorter times as compared to the commonly used text-based programming languages. Basically, this paper demonstrates the ease with which a software-defined radio system can be built and analyzed via the LabVIEW graphical programming environment. Examples are provided to demonstrate the phase and frequency tracking capability of the system.
EID: the Exon-Intron Database--an exhaustive database of protein-coding intron-containing genes (2000)

To aid studies of molecular evolution and to assist in gene prediction research, we have constructed an Exon-Intron Database (EID) in FASTA format. Currently, the database is derived from GenBank release 112, and it contains 51 289 protein-coding genes (287 209 exons) that harbor introns, along with extensive descriptions of each gene and its DNA and protein sequences, as well as splice motif information. There is 17% redundancy inherited from GenBank-a purge at the 99% identity level reduced the database to 42 460 genes (243 589 exons). We have created subdatabases of genes whose intron positions have been experimentally determined. One such database, constructed by comparing genomic and mRNA sequences, contains 11 242 genes (62 474 exons). A larger database of 22 196 genes (105 595 exons) was constructed by selecting on keywords to eliminate computer-predicted genes. By examining the two nucleotides adjacent to the intron boundary, we infer that there is a 2% rate of errors or other deviations from the standard GTellipsisAG motif in nuclear genes. This criterion can be used to eliminate 4921 genes from the overall database. Various tools are provided to enable generation of user-specific subsets of the EID. The EID distribution can be obtained from http://mcb.harvard.edu/gilbert/EID
Immunolocalization of Proteins in Fission Yeast by Electron Microscopy (2017)

Electron microscopy (EM) immunolocalization of antigens in fission yeast can be accomplished with cells processed by rapid freezing and freeze-substitution followed by embedding in acrylic or methacrylate resins. Microtome sections of embedded cells are collected onto EM grids. Primary antibodies to the antigen of interest, followed by secondary antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold, are allowed to bind to antigens at the surface of these plastic sections. This type of postembed labeling provides information on antigen localization to a resolution of 10-20 nm, depending on the size of the metal particle used, the form of the antibody (Fab vs. complete IgG or IgM), and whether direct or indirect labeling is used. The method has the potential to map macromolecules in three dimensions in a relatively large volume when thin (30-60-nm) serial sections are labeled, imaged, aligned, and modeled to create a representative volume. The biggest challenge of this technique is the necessary compromise between the preservation of cellular ultrastructure and the preservation of antigen reactivity. The protocols described here show how to immunolabel samples for EM and include suggestions for overcoming challenges related to antigen preservation.
A powerful aqueous solvent effect in an intramolecular Diels–Alder cyclisation (2004)

Significant promotion of both unactivated and activated carbocyclic Diels–Alder cyclisations across the furan ring system is observed on changing from an organic to an aqueous solvent system.
Minimally Invasive Pseudo-continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring: Results from In-Vitro and In-Vivo Testing of the eTac (2018)

This paper presents the eTac, a smart shoe for autonomous blood glucose monitoring (BGM) that aims at replacing finger-pricking tests used by diabetic patients. The device works as the user is walking: an actuator mechanism harnesses natural forces exerted by the user's body weight to drive an electronically-controlled lancet penetrating the skin at the toe tip, and to aid in the extraction of a whole blood sample from subcutaneous capillaries. The blood sample is then collected and blood glucose concentration (BGC) is measured directly from it in-situ. In-vivo human testing results demonstrate the feasibility of the method.
Point cloud compression framework for the web (2016)

This work is dedicated to the compression of 3D point clouds in order to allow an efficient and quick transmission of point cloud datasets (PCD) for visualization over the internet. Standard methods include quantization of vectors or cloud simplification via octree structures. While a quantization into a bit representation will transform vectors in discrete positions, we added octree structures for a fixed level for re-indexing the quantized points relative to the individual local position of the subdivisions. Each subdivision multiplies the resolution of one coordinate by two, by adding a “virtual” bit. This bit can be then removed from the quantization bytes. So the combination of quantization and fixed octree structures decreases the amount of needed quantization bits without losing resolution. On the contrary, it is possible to increase the resolution of a PCD by adding the “virtual” bit to the quantized data without significantly changing the size of the dataset. We demonstrated the feasibility of this technique for the web by developing a lightweight framework, running in a browser-based environment.
Nonquaternary cholinesterase reactivators. 4. Dialkylaminoalkyl thioesters of .alpha.-keto thiohydroximic acids as reactivators of ethyl methylphosphonyl- and 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterase in vitro (1986)

In the search for improved lipophilic centrally active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) antidotes, a series of alpha-keto thiohydroximates were prepared and evaluated for their ability to reactivate AChEs inhibited by ethyl p-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (EPMP) and soman (GD). The compounds conformed to the general structure 4-RC6H5C-(O)C(NOH)S(CH2)nN+R'R''.X- where R = H, CH3, F, Br, Cl, OCH3, CN;R' = CH3, C2H5, i-C3H7; R'' = H, CH3; X = Cl, I; and n = 2, 3. In this series, varying R substituents on the aryl ring produced compounds with oxime pKa values from 6.8 to 8.0, optimum for an AChE reactivator. Increasing lipophilicity of the amine segment correlated with reactivator potency, as did electron-withdrawing groups on the aryl moiety, presumably due to increased binding to hydrophobic sites surrounding the AChE active site. The in vitro reactivation potency of the alpha-keto thiohydroximates approaches and even surpasses that of 2-PAM and toxogonin for GD-inhibited AChE. These initial findings point to additional structure-activity relationships to assist in the design of improved antidotal compounds.
Investigating the impact of resonant cavity design on surface acoustic wave gyroscope (2018)

This paper reports on the impact of the design of the resonant cavity on the noise performance of Surface Acoustic Wave Gyroscopes (SAWG). Inherently matched SAWGs were built on Y-cut Lithium Niobate (LN). Differently from all prior SAWG demonstrations, a large mass formed by periodically placed Au pillars were made to vibrate in-plane (and not out-of-plane) so as to measure rotation orthogonal to the gyroscope surface. Two cavity sizes were investigated. The larger cavity SAWG provided better performance. The experimental data agree well with theoretical expectations, hence validating our models.
Money and Prices in a Multiple Matching Decentralized Trading Model (2000)

We study price determination and exchange patterns in a monopolistically competitive economy, in which both goods and (fiat) money are perfectly divisible. The decentralized trading environment features 'multiple matches, ' in which households consume bundles of commodities and have a preference for consumption variety. Although each household contacts many sellers, the variety of the consumption basket that results under barter mediated exchange is sparser than that obtained with monetary exchange. In the latter setting, households need only to locate a good they want, while in the former the more stringent double coincidence of wants must be satisfies. We examine pricing and consider the effects of monetary policy. We show that a sufficiently rapid expansion of the money supply leads to the gradual emergence of barter. Under these circumstances sellers accept both goods and cash payments and workers receive part of their remuneration in kind.
Fluidic flow control applied for improved performance of Darrieus wind turbines (2015)

Abstract The focus of the present research is performance enhancement of a vertical axis Darrieus‐type wind turbine using flow control techniques. The academic and industrial interest in vertical‐axis wind turbines (VAWTs) is increasing because of its suitability to urban areas, characterized by high turbulence and low wind speeds. The paper describes experimental work performed on a GOE222 asymmetrical airfoil intended to be used in a straight‐bladed Darrieus VAWT. Airfoil characteristics were measured in a wide range of incidence angles and Reynolds numbers, relevant for the operation of a small to medium size wind turbine. A variety of passive flow control (passive porosity and surface roughness) and active flow control techniques (boundary layer suction, pulsed suction) were tested in order to evaluate their effects on the airfoil performance. The measured effects of flow control on the 2D airfoil are integrated into a modified version of a double‐multiple streamtube model in order to predict the effects on the performance and efficiency of the turbine. It was found that the improvement of 2D airfoil characteristics can be translated into improvement of total turbine performance. By the use of active flow control, it was possible to increase the VAWT maximum mechanical output. When active flow control is properly activated taking into account the azimuth and Reynolds number conditioning, the effects could be greatly increased while consuming less energy, increasing the net efficiency of the entire system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.