gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phase III study of atezolizumab (atezo) vs placebo as adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients (pts) at high risk of recurrence following resection (IMmotion010). (2017)

TPS4598 Background: Nephrectomy is the SOC in early RCC; however, the 5-y relapse rate is 30-40% in stage II or III pts, with tumor stage and grade correlating with survival and recurrence after surgery. Currently, there is a limited role for adjuvant therapy after nephrectomy in pts who have had complete tumor resection; observation is standard. In a Ph II first-line metastatic RCC study, treatment with single-agent atezo (anti–PD-L1) resulted in an ORR of 25%. Thus, IMmotion010, a Ph III, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial, will evaluate the efficacy and safety of atezo as adjuvant therapy in RCC pts who are at high risk of recurrence after resection (NCT03024996). Methods: Eligible RCC pts (clear cell or sarcomatoid histologies) will have undergone nephrectomy (radical or partial) and be at high risk of recurrence (T2 Grade 4, T3a Grade 3-4, T3b/c any Grade, T4 any Grade or TxN+ any Grade) or have had complete resection of limited metachronous/synchronous metastasis. Pts must show no residual disease or evidence of metastases by CT scan at enrollment. ECOG PS ≤ 1 and tumor specimens evaluable for PD-L1 will also be required. Pts will be randomized 1:1 to receive atezo 1200 mg IV q3w or placebo IV q3w for 16 cycles or 1 y; stratification will be by disease stage (T2/T3a vs T3b/c/T4/N+ vs metastasectomy), region (North America [excluding Mexico] vs rest of world) and PD-L1 status on tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC; PD-L1 IC expression &lt; 1% vs ≥ 1%). The primary endpoint is independent review facility (IRF)-assessed disease-free survival (DFS), defined as the time from randomization to the first documented recurrence event (local recurrence, new primary RCC, distant metastasis) or death. Secondary endpoints include OS, investigator-assessed DFS, IRF-assessed and investigator-assessed DFS in pts with ≥ 1% PD-L1 IC, disease-specific survival, distant metastasis-free survival and the 3-y rates of IRF-assessed DFS and investigator-assessed DFS. Safety and biomarkers will be evaluated. The planned analysis will occur when at least ≈ 65% of pts in the 2 populations have died. 664 pts will be enrolled at 150-200 sites worldwide. Clinical trial information: NCT03024996.
Effects of ultrasonic waves on filtration performance and fermentation in an internal membrane-filtration bioreactor (1999)

Ultrasonic wave technology was employed to improve filtration performance and ethanol production in a bioreactor equipped with an internal ceramic-membrane filter module. The filtration performance was found to depend on the power and the pattern of ultrasonic wave irradiation. Under the optimized conditions (irradiation time: 25 sec, period: 5 min, and ultrasonic power: 60 W), the flux was improved with the periodic-pause method by 200-700% compared with the control (with no irradiation), while the improvement was only 30 to 90% without the periodic-pause method. The final ethanol concentration also increased slightly. However, in a more severe condition (irradiation time: 2.5 min, period: 5 min, and ultrasonic power: 110 W), the irradiation of ultrasonic waves was observed to disturb cell integrity and viability, and thus to decrease ethanol production.
Polyethylene Glycol as a Novel Resist and Sacrificial Material for Generating Positive and Negative Nanostructures (2008)

One material for two purposes: Poly(ethylene glycol) is used as a novel etch resist to generate both raised and recessed nanoscale solid-state structures (see image). This novel resist is inexpensive, easy to use, and affords sub-100-nm resolution. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2008/smll200701089_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Quantitative analysis of folylpolyglutamate synthetase gene expression in tumor tissues by the polymerase chain reaction: marked variation of expression among leukemia patients. (1994)

Evidence from previous in vitro studies indicates that the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) may be an important determinant of the antitumor activity of antifolate drugs that are substrates for this enzyme. To facilitate investigations regarding the association between FPGS content of tumor tissues and the sensitivity of tumors to antifolates, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based gene expression quantitation assay for measuring relative amounts of FPGS mRNA in tumor tissue specimens. From the known sequence of the human gene, FPGS-specific PCR primers were chosen that flanked a 263-base segment of the FPGS gene. The PCR carried out with these primers was linear over at least a three orders of magnitude range of starting cDNA concentration. The amount of cDNA required per assay corresponded to the quantity of RNA contained in nanogram to microgram amounts of tissue, depending on the level of gene expression. In CHO AUXB1 (FPGS) cell lines transfected with human DNA and expressing different levels of human FPGS, FPGS gene expression measured by this assay was linear with the FPGS enzyme activity in the cells. In human head and neck cell lines, which contained naturally varying levels of FPGS enzyme activity, FPGS gene expressions were also linearly proportional to FPGS enzyme content as measured both by activity in cell-free extracts and by intracellular methotrexate polyglutamate formation. Among leukemic cells from 11 acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia patients, FPGS expression varied by over 500-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hemodialysis: A model for extreme physiology in a vulnerable patient population (2018)

Hemodialysis (HD) is a lifesaving treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease, which is very efficient in the correction of abnormalities of the internal environment. However, this efficiency also induces significant hemodynamic, thermal, and respiratory stressors. These have parallels with the extreme physiologic demands which are normally mainly experienced by healthy subjects under adverse environmental conditions, with the difference that they must be endured by a vulnerable patient population. Hemodynamic stress induced by ultrafiltration leads to a decline in circulating blood volume, which may result in intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and changes in tissue perfusion, which may have long-term consequences for the function of vital organs such as the brain and the heart. Pronounced declines in central venous oxygen saturation have been observed during routine HD, which are related to the circulatory stress imposed upon the patient. Apart from patient-related factors, thermal stress induced by HD may lead to skin vasodilation, counteracting the normal hemodynamic response to hypovolemia, which has important pathophysiologic correlates in heat syncope. Lastly, respiratory stress is reflected by prolonged arterial hypoxemia during HD, which is both related to patient-related factors, but may also be partly because of the treatment itself, especially during the first 30-60 minutes. Whereas hypoxemia during HD is related to increased mortality, its role in the reduced tissue oxygen delivery during HD should be further defined. Treatment modifications, such as cool or temperature-controlled HD, may reduce circulatory and thermal stress, which also may translate into a reduced risk of long-term cardiac or cerebral damage. However, as circulatory stress is mainly time-dependent, prolonged, or more dialysis treatment may reduce the homeostatic burden on the patient.
Weight optimisation of coreless axial‐flux permanent magnet machines (2018)

This study explores the upper limits in power‐to‐weight and torque‐to‐weight ratios of coreless axial‐flux machines with permanent magnets. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive multifunctional optimisation procedure that is utilised for obtaining these limits. The procedure encompasses analytical analysis of electro‐magnetic, thermal and structural (mechanical) aspects of axial‐flux machines. Obtaining global minima is ensured by considering the whole machine design space, and mapping it into the performance space, where a Pareto front can be easily identified. From it, an optimal motor/generator for airborne wind turbines is identified. The design has a power‐to‐weight ratio of 6.4 kW/kg (19 Nm/kg at 3200 rpm) including structural (purely mechanical) parts, at an efficiency of 95%. This is a significantly higher ratio than the one in modern commercial machines or designs reported in the literature. Therefore, the resulting machine is manufactured and experimentally tested in order to verify the claimed limits and the optimisation methodology.
The influence of nonmagnetic seed layers on the magnetotransport properties of magnetic tunnel transistors with a silicon collector (2005)

The magnetotransport properties of magnetic tunnel transistors (MTTs) with a CoFe∕Cu∕NiFe spin-valve base and a Si(001) collector are studied as a function of seed layer material and thickness. The insertion of a nonmagnetic Cu or Au seed layer between the metal spin valve and the silicon is found to significantly enhance the output current and magnetic-field sensitivity of the MTT device. In contrast, the use of a Pt or Pd seed layer only slightly improves the properties of the MTT, while seed layers of Ta and Ti are found to deteriorate the output current and tunnel barrier breakdown voltage of the MTTs. Secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy is used to provide complementary information about the base∕collector interface properties of the MTTs with and without seed layers.
Functional Zones in the Extruder (2020)

No AccessCo-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders: ApplicationsNov 2020Functional Zones in the ExtruderKlemens KohlgrüberKlemens KohlgrüberSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569907825.001SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 1-85Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-781-8eISBN: 978-1-56990-782-5 Copyright & Permissions© 2021 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Isoaspinonene through a Baylis–Hillman/Olefin Cross‐Metathesis Protocol (2011)

Abstract The first stereoselective and efficient total synthesis of isoaspinonene by using Baylis–Hillman reaction, chelation‐controlled vinyl Grignard reaction, Wittig olefination, and olefin cross‐metathesis reaction of a hitherto unreported substrate as the key steps is described.
Fixational eye movements for normal and strabismic amblyopic observers (2010)

An adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) was used to record fixational eye movements in normal and strabismic amblyopic observers, allowing direct viewing of retinal movements and fixation locations. Fixational eye movements were modeled as a stochastic process governed by a potential function. This model integrates various aspects of fixational eye movements, e.g., velocity, fixation position, and time, in a natural way. We applied this approach to both normal and strabismic amblyopic observers to characterize their fixational eye movements quantitatively. Retinal movements were recorded using the AOSLO (at 30 Hz) while subjects fixated a small target generated by selectively modulating the amplitude of the laser beam. Cross correlation was used to estimate relative positions of different frames. The gradient of the potential function assumed to have the form of a quadratic polynomial in the domain of a plane (i.e. fixation position) was fitted to microsaccade and drift velocities (at different times following a microsaccade) for normal subjects; a chain model of microsaccades was developed to characterize fixation patterns on multiple loci for the strabismic amblyopes. We estimated microsaccade rate as a function of location, using a Poisson point process approximation. Our results confirm that microsaccades, on average, correct for fixation inaccuracy. Microsaccades occur more frequently and tend to move faster towards the target at relatively large displacements, as predicted by the microsaccade rate map and the potential function. Drift is modeled as a Brownian motion with constant rate over time plus an error-correcting component initially following a microsaccade. The unstable eccentric fixational eye movements in strabismic amblyopia are characterized by frequent intrusive saccades with large amplitudes and high speeds. The strabismic amblyopic fixation pattern on multiple loci is task dependent, with less eccentric but unstable fixation induced by challenging tasks, and relatively stable fixation by small highly visible static targets.
Feasibility study of acoustic sensors for slurry-level measurements in coal-liquefaction systems (1983)

VO2max was associated with body composition parameters but did not show any relation with blood lipid parameters. The most significant association was found between VO2max and the physical activity questionnaire.
Erratum: “Nanofabricated solid immersion lenses registered to single emitters in diamond” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 133107 (2011)] (2011)

Corrects an error in Marseglia, L. et al (2011). Nanofabricated solid immersion lenses registered to single emitters in diamond. Applied Physics Letters, 98 (13), article no. 133107. For the original article see: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/315507
Myeloid leukemias express a broad spectrum of VEGF receptors including neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and NRP-2 (2007)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is produced in neoplastic cells in various myeloid neoplasms and may act as an autocrine growth-regulator. We have examined the expression of five VEGF receptors (VEGR1/Flt-1, VEGFR2/KDR, Flt-4, neuropilin-1 = NRP-1, NRP-2) in leukemic cells obtained from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (n = 28), chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 14), chronic eosinophilic leukemia (n = 3), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 9), or mast cell leukemia/systemic mastocytosis (n = 3) as well as in respective cell lines. Expression of VEGFR mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR, and expression of VEGFR protein by immunocytochemistry. In most patients, leukemic cells expressed NRP-1 mRNA and NRP-2 mRNA independent of the type of disease. By contrast, transcripts for Flt-1, KDR, and Flt-4 were expressed variably without a clear correlation to the type of leukemia. Expression of VEGF receptors was also demonstrable at the protein level in all cases tested. In conclusion, neoplastic cells in myeloid leukemias frequently express VEGFR including NRP-1 and NRP-2.
Die effiziente Katalyse der Polysiloxan-Synthese durch Silicatein α erfordert spezifisch positionierte Hydroxy- und Imidazolylgruppen (1999)

Aus Kieselsäure biologischen Ursprungs wurde ein Protein isoliert (siehe schematische Darstellung), das die Alkoxysilan-Polykondensation bei neutralem pH-Wert und niedriger Temperatur katalysiert. Wird eine der beiden spezifischen Seitenketten-Funktionalitäten Ser-26 und His-165 ersetzt, setzt dies die katalytische Aktivität deutlich herab, was für einen Reaktionsmechanismus spricht, der analog zu dem eines wohlbekannten und zum Kieselsäure-Protein weitgehend homologen Enzyms ist. Diese Ergebnisse könnten bei der Entwicklung synthetischer Katalysatoren für die umweltverträgliche Synthese von Polysiloxanen nützlich sein.
Silicon self-diffusion under extrinsic conditions (2001)

Self-diffusion in silicon is investigated under extrinsic carrier conditions by monitoring the diffusion of 30Si in isotopically enriched silicon layers with boron and phosphorus background doping. At 1000 °C, we find that the Si self-diffusion coefficient is slightly enhanced in both n- and p-type backgrounds. This is direct evidence of the existence of both negatively and positively charged native point defects in Si. We use a simple model involving three charge states to explain the data, which yield the relative contributions of these charge states to the overall self-diffusion coefficient and the locations of the deep levels they introduce in the band gap.
Reverse transcriptase inhibition potentiates target therapy in BRAF-mutant melanomas: effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA-damage, ROS induction and mitochondrial membrane depolarization (2020)

Abstract Target therapies based on BRAF and MEK inhibitors (MAPKi) have changed the therapeutic landscape for metastatic melanoma patients bearing mutations in the BRAF kinase. However, the emergence of drug resistance imposes the necessity to conceive novel therapeutic strategies capable to achieve a more durable disease control. In the last years, retrotransposons laying in human genome mostly encompassing Long Interspersed Nuclear Element1 (LINE-1) have been shown to undergo activation during tumorigenesis, where they contribute to genomic instability. LINE-1 activation can be efficiently controlled with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) frequently used in the treatment of AIDS. These drugs have demonstrated anti-proliferative effects in several cancer models, including also metastatic melanoma. However, to our knowledge no previous study investigated the capability of RTIs to mitigate drug resistance to target therapy in BRAF-mutant melanomas. In this short report we show that the non-nucleoside RTI, SPV122 in combination with MAPKi strongly inhibits BRAF-mutant melanoma cell growth, induces apoptosis, and delays the emergence of resistance to target therapy in vitro . Mechanistically, this combination strongly induces DNA double-strand breaks, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased ROS levels. Our results shed further light on the molecular activity of RTI in melanoma and pave the way to their use as a novel therapeutic option to improve the efficacy of target therapy.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Lithium Phosphorous Oxynitride (LiPON) Electrolyte Thin Films with High Nitrogen Content Prepared By RF Sputtering (2015)

Lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is one of the promising electrolyte material for the thin-film batteries due to its superior electrochemical stability, moderate ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity. In addition, LiPON has a wide optical bandgap (&gt;3 eV) which makes it transparent for UV-Vis light and suitable for using in electrochromic thin film devices. The typical value of ionic conductivity of LiPON is in the range of 0.2 to 3.3×10 -6 S/cm[1]. Here we report the deposition of amorphous LiPON thin films by RF sputtering from a commercial Li 3 PO 4 target in nigtrogen atmosphere with the ionic conductivities at room temperature as high as 6.5×10 -6 S/cm with an activation energy of 0.55 eV. The average growth rate is 14 nm per minute. The electronic conductivity is found to be 2.2×10 -12 S/cm. The film composition is determined to be Li 3.13 PO 1.69 N 1.39 by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), which demonstrates our LiPON sample contains relatively high nitrogen content and low oxygen content. The local structure is probed by XPS and Raman spectrometry. The incorporation of nitrogen in the matrix is confirmed by both methods and the nitrogen is present in two different chemical environments corresponding to and P-N=P. The optical properties of LiPON are studied by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and transmission measurements. The LiPON film is found to have a bandgap of 3 eV and is highly transparent for UV-VIS light. The optical constants include refractive index n, extinction coefficient k and absorption coefficient α in the energy range of 0.58~5.5 eV are derived. The Urbach tail is also observed in LiPON thin films when photon energy is lower than the bandgap. For its application in electrochromic device, the WO 3 /LiPON half-cells are prepared and the electrochromic properties will be discussed. [1] J.F. Ribeiro, R. Sousa, J.P. Carmo, L.M. Gonçalves, M.F. Silva, M.M. Silva, J.H. Correia, Thin Solid Films 522 (2012) 85-89.
Defect contrast with 4D-STEM: Understanding crystalline order with virtual detectors and beam modification (2022)

Material properties strongly depend on the nature and concentration of defects. Characterizing these features may require nano- to atomic-scale resolution to establish structure-property relationships. 4D-STEM, a technique where diffraction patterns are acquired at a grid of points on the sample, provides a versatile method for highlighting defects. Computational analysis of the diffraction patterns with virtual detectors produces images that can map material properties. Here, using multislice simulations, we explore different virtual detectors that can be applied to the diffraction patterns that go beyond the binary response functions that are possible using ordinary STEM detectors. Using graphene and lead titanate as model systems, we investigate the application of virtual detectors to study local order and in particular defects. We find that using a small convergence angle with a rotationally varying detector most efficiently highlights defect signals. With experimental graphene data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of these detectors in characterizing atomic features, including vacancies, as suggested in simulations. Phase and amplitude modification of the electron beam provides another process handle to change image contrast in a 4D-STEM experiment. We demonstrate how tailored electron beams can enhance signals from short-range order and how a vortex beam can be used to characterize local symmetry.
A novel blind watermarking based on lattice vector quantization (2004)

As the complement of cryptography in multimedia security, digital watermarking has been researched in last ten years due to concern about illegal piracy of copyrighted content. Most transform-domain watermarking techniques are based on discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Among all these algorithms, the blind watermarking scheme is challenged and needed in many practical applications. In this paper, we propose a novel oblivious watermarking based on lattice vector quantization in DCT domain. A trade-off between robustness of watermark and the quality of the watermarked image is achieved by varying quantization factor for watermark embedding. Experimental results show that new scheme is robust against intentional and incidental attack such as JPEG compression, addition of noise, filtering and so on without degrading image quality. These results can be combined with a private key-based scheme to make unauthorized retrieval practically impossible, even with the knowledge of the algorithm.
Mianserin for the rapid improvement of chronic akathisia in a schizophrenia patient (2004)

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