gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precise phase calibration of a controlled reception pattern GPS antenna for JPALS (2004)

The Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS) is being developed to provide navigation to support aircraft landings for the U.S. military. One variant of JPALS is the Shipboard Relative GPS (SRGPS), which will be implemented on an aircraft carrier. In order to meet strict accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability goals in the presence of hostile jamming and in a harsh multipath environment, advanced technologies are required. One of those being studied is a controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) array with beam steering/adaptive null forming capabilities. The Stanford University GPS Laboratory has developed a software tool to study CRPA algorithms and their effects on GPS signal and tracking characteristics. A testbed has been constructed to investigate hardware issues including the phase center offset of the antenna elements and mutual coupling effects. This testbed consists of a 3 element antenna array with a baseline of 1m, using high-quality survey-grade or lower-quality patch antennas. Data has been taken using this array in conjunction with sufficient satellite constellation and antenna array motion to ensure complete azimuth and elevation signal coverage. A carrier phase-based attitude determination algorithm was used to generate inter-antenna bias residuals, allowing characterization of the virtual phase center of the array. Repeating the testing procedure both with survey-grade antennas, for which the phase center characteristics are well known, and with a patch antenna possessing unknown phase center behavior, allows characterization of the azimuth- and elevation-dependent properties of the patch antenna phase center. In addition, mutual coupling effects have been investigated by adding inactive patch elements around the active patch antenna. All results are compared to predictions from detailed simulation of the patch antenna used using an EM modeling software package.
Generation of sub-30-fs pulses from a scaleable high-energy oscillator (2004)

We report on the generation of sub-30fs pulses from a mirror-dispersion-controlled (MDC) Ti:sapphire oscillator, containing a multiple-pass Herriott-cell for increasing the cavity length. Using that scheme, repetition rates down to some few MHz could be achieved. To avoid multiple pulsing instabilities, we operate the laser in a regime of slight positive group-delay dispersion (GDD) over a very broad wavelength range. This results in the formation of strongly chirped light pulses, reducing the otherwise very high peak-intensity inside the laser crystal, which would limit the maximum output energy. We have investigated the spectral phase associated with these pulses with the help of the well known SPIDER-technique, and, based on the results, have constructed an optimized compressor. When pumped with the full 10 W of a frequency-doubled Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub> laser (Coherent Verdi V10), output energies well above 200 nJ could be obtained. As no signs of instabilities were observed, we believe, that our approach is scaleable to even higher energies if more powerful pump lasers are used. Thanks to the excellent beam profile, high-resolution micromachining of various materials, including transparent dielectrica could be demonstrated. Results on sub-micrometer surface modification of transparent materials will be presented.
Internal neural states influence the short-term effect of monocular deprivation in human adults (2023)

The adult human visual system maintains the ability to be altered by sensory deprivation. What has not been considered is whether the internal neural states modulate visual sensitivity to short-term monocular deprivation. In this study we manipulated the internal neural state and reported changes in intrinsic neural oscillations with a patched eye open or closed. We investigated the influence of eye open/eye closure on the unpatched eye's contrast sensitivity and ocular dominance (OD) shifts induced by short-term monocular deprivation. The results demonstrate that internal neural states influence not only baseline contrast sensitivity but also the extent to which the adult visual system can undergo changes in ocular dominance.
Electronic Retinal Prostheses (2023)

Retinal prostheses are a promising means for restoring sight to patients blinded by photoreceptor atrophy. They introduce visual information by electrical stimulation of the surviving inner retinal neurons. Subretinal implants target the graded-response secondary neurons, primarily the bipolar cells, which then transfer the information to the ganglion cells via the retinal neural network. Therefore, many features of natural retinal signal processing can be preserved in this approach if the inner retinal network is retained. Epiretinal implants stimulate primarily the ganglion cells, and hence should encode the visual information in spiking patterns, which, ideally, should match the target cell types. Currently, subretinal arrays are being developed primarily for restoration of central vision in patients impaired by age-related macular degeneration (AMD), while epiretinal implants-for patients blinded by retinitis pigmentosa, where the inner retina is less preserved. This review describes the concepts and technologies, preclinical characterization of prosthetic vision and clinical outcomes, and provides a glimpse into future developments.
Asymmetric Catalysis with an Inert Chiral-at-Metal Iridium Complex (2013)

The development of a chiral-at-metal iridium(III) complex for the highly efficient catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of β,β′-disubstituted nitroalkenes is reported. Catalysis by this inert, rigid metal complex does not involve any direct metal coordination but operates exclusively through weak interactions with functional groups properly arranged in the ligand sphere of the iridium complex. Although the iridium complex relies only on the formation of three hydrogen bonds, it exceeds the performance of most organocatalysts with respect to enantiomeric excess (up to 99% ee) and catalyst loading (down to 0.1 mol %). This work hints at an advantage of structurally complicated rigid scaffolds for non-covalent catalysis, which especially relies on conformationally constrained cooperative interactions between the catalyst and substrates.
Attenuation of inflammatory responses by (+)-syringaresinol via MAP-Kinase-mediated suppression of NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo (2018)

We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of (+)-syringaresinol (SGRS), a lignan isolated from Rubia philippinensis, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using enzyme-based immuno assay, Western blotting, and RT-PCR analyses. Additionally, in vivo effects of SGRS in the acute inflammatory state were examined by using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema assay in experimental mice. As a result, treatment with SGRS (25, 50, and 100 μM) inhibited protein expression of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as well as production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by LPS. Moreover, SGRS also reduced LPS-induced mRNA expression levels of iNOS and COX-2, including NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, carrageenan-induced paw edema assay validated the in vivo anti-edema effect of SGRS. Interestingly, SGRS (30 mg/kg) suppressed carrageenan-induced elevation of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA levels as well as COX-2 and NF-κB protein levels, suggesting SGRS may possess anti-inflammatory activities.
Layered nested Markov chain Monte Carlo (2018)

A configurational sampling algorithm based on nested layerings of Markov chains (Layered Nested Markov Chain Monte Carlo or L-NMCMC) is presented for simulations of systems characterized by rugged free energy landscapes. The layerings are generated using a set of auxiliary potential energy surfaces. The implementation of the method is demonstrated in the context of a rugged, two-dimensional potential energy surface. The versatility of the algorithm is next demonstrated on a simple, many-body system, namely, a canonical Lennard-Jones fluid in the liquid state. In that example, different layering schemes and auxiliary potentials are used, including variable cutoff distances and excluded-volume tempering. In addition to calculating a variety of properties of the system, it is also shown that L-NMCMC, when combined with a free-energy perturbation formalism, provides a straightforward means to construct approximate free-energy surfaces at no additional computational cost using the sampling distributions of each auxiliary Markov chain. The proposed L-NMCMC scheme is general in that it could be complementary to any number of methods that rely on sampling from a target distribution or methods that exploit a hierarchy of time scales and/or length scales through decomposition of the potential energy.
Seroepidemiology of enterovirus D68 infection in China (2017)

Human enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) is a rarely reported virus that has been linked to respiratory disease. In recent years, reports about EV-D68 infection have markedly increased worldwide. However, the epidemiological features of this emerging infection are not well understood. To evaluate the emerging EV-D68 epidemic, we isolated the circulating viral strain and investigated the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in Beijing between 2004 and 2011. We found that the titers of EV-D68 NAbs were generally low in all age groups in sampled populations in 2004 but significantly higher in 2009. From 2007 to 2011, the NAbs against EV-D68 significantly increased over time. These findings indicate that EV-D68 has spread widely in the Chinese population in recent years, although only a limited number of cases were reported.
Supplementary Data from Genomic Alterations in <i>PIK3CA</i>-Mutated Breast Cancer Result in mTORC1 Activation and Limit the Sensitivity to PI3Kα Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables 1-4. Table S1. Sequences of sgRNAs and oligonucleotides; Table S2. GSEA pathway enrichment analysis of enriched and dropout genes in MCF7 and T47D cells; Table S3. The top 2.5% (3745) enriched sgRNAs of whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNA knockout screen in MCF7 cells; Table S4. The top 2.5% (3745) enriched sgRNAs of whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNA knockout screen in T47D cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Chronic multi-modal monitoring of neural activity in rodents and primates (2021)

We developed multi-modal systems comprising implantable carbon fiber (CF)-based electrodes to record synchronously chemical (e.g. dopamine) and electrical (e.g. local field potential, LFP) forms of activity in the brain. These systems were equipped with implantable micro-invasive probes and moveable silica-based CF probes capable of recording chronically from fixed locations, or from multiple depths along predetermined trajectories, respectively, spanning 48 spatially distinct sites in the caudate nucleus and the putamen. Electrochemical fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was implemented in combination with standard electrophysiology to provide subsecond chemical and electrical recordings. The chronic stability of our micro-invasive probes, as tested previously in rodents and translated for use in nonhuman primate (NHP), was necessary to ensure functional recording from fixed locations in the brain without degradation in probe sensitivity over time. These systems were used to examine the relationship between dopamine and beta-band LFPs, prominent biomarkers of untreated Parkinson’s disease. We recorded dopamine and beta in rhesus monkeys performing oculomotor tasks in which reward valuation and movement control, key functions impaired in Parkinson’s disease, could be quantified. Highly stable measurements of dopamine and LFP neural signals were made over a period of months.
Sub-femtosecond EUV pulses via energy selective nonlinear stabilization in a waveguide (2006)

We discuss a regime of high-harmonic generation in waveguide where sub-femtosecond EUV pulses can be generated via a mechanism relatively insensitive to carrier-envelope phase. This method also allows for control over EUV energy and bandwidth.
Achievable Rates of FDD Massive MIMO Systems with Spatial Channel Correlation (2014)

It is well known that the performance of frequency-division-duplex (FDD) massive MIMO systems with i.i.d. channels is disappointing compared with that of time-division-duplex (TDD) systems, due to the prohibitively large overhead for acquiring channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). In this paper, we investigate the achievable rates of FDD massive MIMO systems with spatially correlated channels, considering the CSIT acquisition dimensionality loss, the imperfection of CSIT and the regularized-zero-forcing linear precoder. The achievable rates are optimized by judiciously designing the downlink channel training sequences and user CSIT feedback codebooks, exploiting the multiuser spatial channel correlation. We compare our achievable rates with TDD massive MIMO systems, i.i.d. FDD systems, and the joint spatial division and multiplexing (JSDM) scheme, by deriving the deterministic equivalents of the achievable rates, based on popular channel models. It is shown that, based on the proposed eigenspace channel estimation schemes, the rate-gap between FDD systems and TDD systems is significantly narrowed, even approached under moderate number of base station antennas. Compared to the JSDM scheme, our proposal achieves dimensionality-reduction channel estimation without channel pre-projection, and higher throughput for moderate number of antennas and moderate to large channel coherence time, though at higher computational complexity.
Six challenges in supporting end-user debugging (2005)

This paper summarizes six challenges in end-user programming that can impact the debugging efforts of end users. These challenges have been derived through our experiences and empirical investigation of interactive fault localization techniques in the spreadsheet paradigm. Our contributions reveal several insights into debugging techniques for end-user programmers, particularly fault localization techniques, that can help guide the direction of future end-user software engineering research.
The Gelation of CO 2 : A Sustainable Route to the Creation of Microcellular Materials (1999)

Compounds with strong thermodynamic affinity for carbon dioxide (CO(2)) have been designed and synthesized that dissolve in CO(2), then associate to form gels. Upon removal of the CO(2), these gels produced free-standing foams with cells with an average diameter smaller than 1 micrometer and a bulk density reduction of 97 percent relative to the parent material.
Handbook of nanofabrication (2010)

Many of the devices and systems used in modern industry are becoming progressively smaller and have reached the nanoscale domain. Nanofabrication aims at building nanoscale structures, which can act as components, devices, or systems, in large quantities at potentially low cost. Nanofabrication is vital to all nanotechnology fields, especially for the realization of nanotechnology that involves the traditional areas across engineering and science. This title includes chapters covering the most important Nanofabrication techniques, which aids comprehensive understanding of the latest manufacturing technologies encountered in the field of nano-level manufacturing which is essential for preparing for advanced study and application in nanofabrication techniques by enabling thorough understanding of the entire nanofabrication process as it applies to advanced electronic and related manufacturing technologies. Each chapter covers a nanofabrication technique comprehensively, which allows the reader to learn to produce nanometer-level products as well as collect, process, and analyze data, improve process parameters, and how to assist engineers in research, development and manufacture of the same. It includes contributions from recognized experts from around the globe, making the reader aware of variations in similar techniques applied in different geographical locations and is better positioned to establish all possible global applications.
Effect of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection on bovine alveolar macrophage function (1982)

Bovine alveolar macrophages isolated in culture were assessed for immunological activity in assays for Fc and complement receptors, for phagocytosis, and for effector cell function in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. In the case of uninfected alveolar macrophages, Fc receptors were detected on approximately 94% of macrophages and complement receptors were detected on 39%. Phagocytosis of immunoglobulin G-coated sheep erythrocytes occurred in 58% of macrophages, and phagocytosis of opsonized Candida parapsilosis, mediated by the complement receptor, was observed in 68% of cells. Alveolar macrophages were efficient effector cells in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Infection of macrophages with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus resulted in reductions in Fc-mediated receptor activity and phagocytosis after approximately 12 and 6 h, respectively. Complement receptor activity was initially elevated and then markedly reduced. Macrophages retrieved from IBR-immune and -susceptible donors were affected to a similar extent. The ability of macrophages to participate in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity was reduced dramatically from 2 h after IBR virus infection, suggesting that IBR virus-infected alveolar macrophages undergo alterations in immunological activity long before morphological changes in the cells become apparent.
Exploring the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Coping Strategies (2010)

Using canonical correlation analysis, the study attempted to identify the correlation between emotional intelligence and coping strategies for employees in the hospitality industry. Respondents were employees in six five-star hotels in Seoul during a two-week period from June 28 to July 9, 2010. The results indicated that canonical correlations exist between emotional intelligence and coping strategies. All the sub-scales of EI (self-emotion appraisal, others` emotional appraisal, use of emotion and regulation of emotion) are highly correlated with only the task-oriented strategy among the three coping strategies. The greater the reliance on a task-oriented coping guide to positive and desirable outcomes at work, the more the management of the hospitality industry should offer systematic support to enhance the Level of EI. The managerial implications of these results for EI together with coping strategies are examined. A Cross-cultural Study: The Application of the Modified Balanced Scorecard and Analytical Hierarchy Process (BSCAHP)
Rituximab combined with DexaBEAM followed by high dose therapy as salvage therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell lymphoma: mature results of a phase II multicentre study (2014)

Salvage therapy followed by high-dose therapy (HDT) remains a mainstay for patients with relapsed lymphoma, however no optimal regimen has been defined. Here we report on the results of R-DexaBEAM (rituximab, dexamethasone, carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) followed by HDT. Patients aged 18-65 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score 0-2, with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were eligible. R-Dexa-BEAM was given for two cycles followed by stem cell mobilization and HDT. Primary endpoint of the trial was progression-free-survival (PFS). One hundred and three patients were included: aggressive NHL (aNHL): diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 55, mantle cell lymphoma 7, follicular lymphoma (FL) grade 3: 5, indolent Lymphoma (iNHL): FL grade 1-2: 29, marginal zone lymphoma 6, Immunocytoma 1. The overall response rate after salvage therapy was 62% for aNHL and 78% for iNHL patients. 66% of patients with aNHL and 86% with iNHL underwent HDT. Treatment-related mortality for HDT was 1·3%. For aNHL patients, the median PFS was 0·83 years with 44% alive at the median follow-up of 7·3 years. Corresponding figures for iNHL were: median PFS 3·7 years and 72% alive after 8 years. The combination of rituximab with DexaBEAM followed by HDT resulted in high response rates and sustained remissions in responders. R-DexaBEAM followed by HDT can be considered a valid salvage option for NHL.
Combining semantic and syntactic information sources for 5-w question answering (2009)

This paper focuses on combining answers generated by a semantic parser that produces semantic role labels (SRLs) and those generated by syntactic parser that produces function tags for answering 5-W questions, i.e., who, what, when, where, and why. We take a probabilistic approach in which a system’s ability to correctly answer 5-W questions is measured with the likelihood that its answers are produced for the given word sequence. This is achieved by training statistical language models (LMs) that are used to predict whether the answers returned by semantic parse or those returned by the syntactic parser are more likely. We evaluated our approach using the OntoNotes dataset. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed LM-based combination strategy was able to improve the performance of the best individual system in terms of both F1 measure and accuracy. Furthermore, the error rates for each question type were also significantly reduced with the help of the proposed approach. Index Terms: Question answering, Spoken language understanding applications
Healthy Human T-Cell Responses to Aspergillus fumigatus Antigens (2010)

Products secreted after conidial germination into hyphae are differentially recognized by protective T cells in healthy, non-atopic individuals. Defining the specificity of the human T cell repertoire, and identifying factors that govern early responses may allow for development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for both invasive and allergic Aspergillus diseases.
Abuse potential assessment of the new dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant in recreational sedative drug users as compared to suvorexant and zolpidem (2021)

Study to Evaluate the Abuse Potential of ACT-541468 in Healthy Recreational Drug Users, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03657355?term=ACT-541468&draw=3&rank=18, NCT03657355.
Design and measurement of a direct-drillable smooth walled feedhorn at 1.2 THz for the next generation BLASTPol experiment (2016)

We present the design and measurement of a direct-drillable smooth walled feedhorn for the Next Generation BLASTPol balloon experiment. Custom milling cutters were obtained commercially and used to fabricate a two feedhorn structures with UG-387 flanges, each with 0.5mm section of circular waveguide, which were then mated back to back. These horns were then tested at Cardiff University using a rotation stage scanner to measure E and H plane cuts of the horn. The measurements show good agreement in both the beam FWHM and sidelobes as compared to HFSS simulations of the horn.