gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P3‐276: Acute administration of a novel M1 receptor allosteric potentiator (BQCA) restores reversal learning in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (Tg2576) (2009)

Modification of the underlying progression of Alzheimer's disease has been intensely studied as a second generation approach to the treatment/prevention of the disease. Symptomatic treatment strategies with acetylcholinesterase inhibitiors are of limited effectiveness due to continued progression of the underlying pathology. Chronic muscarinic receptor M1 stimulation has been shown to increase alpha-secretase activity and push the processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) towards the non-amyloidogenic pathway while preventing memory decline in 3xTg mice (Caccamo et al 2006, Neuron). In this study, the effect of acute (one hour) administration of a novel M1-subtype selective allosteric potentiator (“BQCA”) on memory ability in the Tg2576 mouse model of amyloid pathology in AD is examined. BQCA or vehicle was administered to 12-mo-old Tg2576 mice and non-transgenic littermates one hour prior to assessment of performance on an olfactory discrimination task. The design was 2 x 2 with transgene and drug treatment as factors. Performance was measured as trials or errors to criterion. Tissue will be analyzed with respect to muscarinic receptor function with BQCA-stimulated GTP-Eu binding. In addition, BQCA's influence on APP processing will be examined in the prefrontal cortex. Vehicle-treated Tg2576 mice were significantly and selectively impaired on the reversal phase of the discrimination task while simple discriminations were not affected. However, acute administration of M1-PAM reversed this deficit and restored performance levels of the Tg2576 mice to that of the non-transgenic mice. The data indicate that acute allosteric potentiation of the M1 receptor is effective at reversing cognitive deficits in a transgenic mouse model of AD. Importantly, and surprisingly, these effects occur with acute drug administration. The mechanisms underlying these short-term effects on synaptic function and APP processing will also be presented.
Protocols to eliminate tuning penalties for packet-switched WDM star networks with large tuning latency (1997)

The use of low-speed tunable devices may lead to throughput and delay penalties for packet-switched WDM star networks. When the tuning latency is significant, conventional cost-effective solutions result in significant throughput and delay penalties. Our approach: (i) combines and unifies existing approaches to improve performance by pipelining multiple tunable filters per node and making a TDM schedule with maximum time gap for reception; (ii) introduces ‘superpackets’ (multiple packets with the same source and destination), thereby relaxing the impact of large tuning latency. Since the superpackets increase throughput at the cost of increased delay, we determine the minimum delay, under a constraint of no throughput penalty. A discrete-time queueing model of the protocol shows that a system with two tunable filters per node has low delay and is wavelength-efficient for uniform traffic.
Estimating growth kinetics ofPenicillium chrysogenum through the use of respirometry (1998)

The applicability of respirometry to characterize fungal growth kinetics was studied using Penicillium chrysogenum as the model microorganism. Oxygen uptake data were used in conjunction with a nonlinear parameter estimation technique to determine the kinetic parameters associated with microbial growth. The theoretical model that used the Contois equation for microbial growth was able to accurately describe experimental oxygen uptake data. Penicillium chrysogenum was characterized by average values of 0·195 h−1 and 4·13 for the maximum specific growth rate, μmax, and the Contois saturation coefficient, Kc, respectively. The average true growth yield was 0·405 mg mg−1. As only oxygen uptake information is required for biokinetic parameter estimation, respirometry is a very convenient tool for studying microbial growth as high quality experimental data can be obtained with relatively little experimental effort. © 1998 SCI
Highly efficient potentiometric glucose biosensor based on functionalized InN quantum dots (2012)

We present a fast, highly sensitive, and efficient potentiometric glucose biosensor based on functionalized InN quantum-dots (QDs). The InN QDs are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The InN QDs are bio-chemically functionalized through physical adsorption of glucose oxidase (GOD). GOD enzyme-coated InN QDs based biosensor exhibits excellent linear glucose concentration dependent electrochemical response against an Ag/AgCl reference electrode over a wide logarithmic glucose concentration range (1 × 10−5 M to 1 × 10−2 M) with a high sensitivity of 80 mV/decade. It exhibits a fast response time of less than 2 s with good stability and reusability and shows negligible response to common interferents such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. The fabricated biosensor has full potential to be an attractive candidate for blood sugar concentration detection in clinical diagnoses.
Evaluating Al2O3 gas diffusion barriers grown directly on Ca films using atomic layer deposition techniques (2012)

Al2O3 gas diffusion barriers grown directly on Ca films using atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques were evaluated using several methods based on Ca oxidation. The Al2O3 ALD films were grown on Ca films at 120 °C using trimethylaluminum and H2O as the reactants. The oxidation of the Ca films was then monitored versus time at 70 °C and ∼28% relative humidity either by measuring the electrical conductance of the Ca film or by recording the photographic image of the Ca film. In the photographic images, the Ca films revealed that the Al2O3 ALD films have a small number of pinhole defects that lead to Ca film oxidation areas that grow radially around the pinhole defect versus time. A burst of new oxidation areas also appeared suddenly at later times and grew radially versus time. This rapid “blooming” may be related to another type of defect caused by water corrosion of the Al2O3 ALD films. In the electrical conductance measurements, the conductance of the Ca film initially showed little change versus time. The conductance then dropped rapidly when the oxidation area in the photographic image was a noticeable fraction of the Ca film area. The conductance measurements yielded a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) value of ∼2 × 10−2 g/(m2 day) prior to the rapid reduction of the conductance. The photographic images of the Ca film were also analyzed to obtain a WVTR value assuming radial oxidation of the Ca film around defects. The WVTR values obtained from the electrical conductance and the photographic images were in approximate agreement and increased versus Ca film oxidation until the rapid blooming of new circular oxidation areas. The WVTR values are larger than previous measurements and may indicate that Al2O3 ALD films grown directly on Ca are less stable and degraded by Ca film oxidation. This study reveals that a range of WVTR values can be obtained from different variations of the Ca test depending on the extent of Ca film oxidation.
PKI Resource Query Protocol (PRQP) (2009)

One of the most strategic problems still open in PKIX is locating
public data and services associated with a Certification Authority
(CA). This issue impacts interoperability and usability in PKIX. This
draft describes the PKI Resource Query Protocol (PRQP), its design,
definition, and its impact in already deployed PKIX protocols.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Have Trophic Effects on Young and Aging Hippocampal Neurons in Vitro. (2010)

In experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) aging, injury and disease, administering human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells induce recovery, most likely by interacting with multiple cellular processes. The aim of this study was to examine whether the HUCB cells produce trophic factors that may enhance survival and maturation of hippocampal neurons in an in vitro test system. We co-cultured the mononuclear fraction of HUCB cells with hippocampal neurons isolated from either young (7-months of age) or aging (21 month of age) rat brain for 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days in vitro (DIV), respectively. Immunocytochemistry was then employed to identify neurons (MAP2(+)) and glial cells (GFAP(+)) as well as arborization of neurites. The average number of MAP2(+) hippocampal neurons cells in both young and aging neuronal-HUCB co-cultures was significantly higher than in the control cultures (hippocampal mono-cultures). These MAP2(+) neurons in co-culture were richly arborized, especially in 21 and 28 DIV co-cultures, and expressed functional enzymes (Synaptophysin, tyrosine hydryoxlase (TH)), gamma amino butyric acid receptor (GABAAr) and glutamate transporter (EAAC1). The majority of hippocampal neurons in both co-culture systems grew very well and survived for up to 42 DIV with an increment of immature neurons which were positive for Nestin and TuJ1. Using a multiplex protein array, a number of secreted proteins that could have trophic effects on the neurons were identified.
Introduction (1987)

Having considered the various systems that were designed to ensure that the police in the United Kingdom are accountable through central and local government to the community at large, it is now necessary to examine whether or not those systems are working as the designers intended.
Rapid synthesis of lipid nanoparticles containing hydrophobic inorganic nanoparticles (2017)

A straightforward "bottom-up" synthesis is described for efficient entrapment of inorganic hydrophobic nanoparticles (HNPs) consisting of iron oxide, gold, or quantum dots within the hydrophobic core of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). These LNPs consist of hydrophobic "core" lipids such as triolein surrounded by a monolayer of amphipathic "surface" lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine and polyethylene-glycol-lipid. It is shown that rapid, controlled mixing of HNPs, core lipids and surface lipids in an organic solvent with an aqueous phase resulted in stable, monodisperse LNPs containing HNPs (LNP-HNP). This method allows 40-fold more hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to be entrapped within an LNP than previous methods and can be readily extended to encapsulate other HNPs. The LNP-HNP diameter can be modulated over the range of 35-150 nm by varying the flow rate during particle synthesis or by varying the core-to-surface lipid ratio. LNP-IONPs can be generated using a variety of "core" lipids, including other triglycerides as well as cholesteryl-palmitate and tocopherol. Finally, it is shown that LNP-IONPs are accumulated in the liver, resulting in enhanced contrast for in vivo MRI. It is concluded that the bottom-up approach for encapsulating HNPs within LNPs has advantages of homogeneity, reproducibility and stability required for biomedical applications.
Investigation of starting position of the magnetron with cold cathode (2016)

Experimentally is investigational influence of operating mode and steepness of pulse wavefront of anodic voltage on the magnitude of auxiliary thermionic cathode current of necessary for the start of magnetron with a secondary-emission cathode. It is shown that the size of this current increases with the increase of anodic voltage and steepness of pulse front.
Seismic Time Section Analysis Using Machine Vision (1993)

In this paper we introduce a three stage approach for extracting events from a seismic time section. The approach incorporates recent, techniques from computer vision such as deformable templates and multiple hypothesis tracking, and also takes advantage of constraints arising from the physics of seismic reflectors. First, a 2D local matched fdtering scheme is used to reduce the time section to a collection of event tokens suitable for tracking with a Kalman filter. Second, a multiple tracking system is used to analyse regions with crossing events. By using a dynamic model of event shape parameters, Kalman filters are able to track events that deviate from an ideal form. Finally, based on events found through Kalman filtering, flexible templates are used to exploit similarity between events. Due to the global nature of the flexible template search process, even events with sections of poor visibility can be identified. Based on this research, a semi-automatic system for extracting seismic events has been developed.
CCDC 849194: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2013)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A Cellular Multiband DTC-Based Digital Polar Transmitter With −153-dBc/Hz Noise in 14-nm FinFET (2020)

A digital polar transmitter is presented that uses a digital-to-time-converter (DTC) for wide-channel phase modulation with multiband support. DTC-based phase modulation enables high-efficiency polar operation with high-efficiency RFDAC. The transmitter uses coarse division inherent in DTC operation to generate TX output frequencies from 0.7 to 2.2 GHz with a limited DCO tuning range of only 7.3-8.7 GHz (±8.7%). Phase modulation of narrowband signals (e.g., one resource block) using DTC could result in spurs in output spectrum due to the almost periodic nature of DTC errors. A theoretical analysis is presented that predicts the location of these spurs and a technique to eliminate such spurs by appropriately adjusting the PLL frequency is introduced. A new digitally controlled-edge-interpolator architecture is also presented to minimize dynamic errors, which is necessary in order to meet stringent cellular noise requirements. The DTC was implemented using digital synthesis and auto-place-and-route (APR) tools, requiring very limited analog layout resources. The TX was fabricated in 14-nm FinFET and it achieved a noise of -153/-150 dBc/Hz for LTE5/LTE20 in Band1 at +4-dBm output power with DTC power dissipation of 27 mW.
Grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulation study of polyelectrolyte diode (2012)

In this study we have performed grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations to understand the working mechanism of polyelectrolyte diodes, which have the electrostatic junction between two oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. Polyelectrolyte gels are modeled as melts of freely-jointed hard chains with charged monomers and small ions as charged hard spheres. We examined the effects of applied voltage and gel concentration on the current flow. We observed that as positive voltage is applied (forward state), small ions start moving across the gel to induce electric current flow. On the other hand, with negative voltage (reverse state) current flow is significantly weak. These simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results. We also examined the effects of applied voltage, gel structure, ion concentration.
Potential of Sugar Residues Attached to N-(2- Hydroxypropyl)methacryl amide Copolymers as Targeting Groups for the Selective Delivery of Drugs (1987)

Soluble copolymers of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) have already shown potential as targetable drug-carriers. Here HPMA copolymers were synthesized which contained N-linked aminosugars attached to the poly mer backbone via a diglycyl side-chain. Following radioiodination their body distribution in rats was investigated. Incorporation of mannosamine or glu cosamine caused enhanced deposition in liver macrophages following intra venous and intraperitoneal administration, and increased retention at the site of injection when the carrier was administered subcutaneously. Macrophage pinocytic uptake of certain HPMA copolymers was also assessed using rat peri toneal macrophages cultured in vitro. It was demonstrated that polymers bear ing mannosamine or glucosamine are internalized rapidly by a common recep tor and that the interaction can be inhibited by free D-mannose, L-fucose, but not by D-glucose.
Identification of Multiple Repeat Sequences and Transcription-Related Elements Within Introns 4, 8 and 9 of Human RAF-1 (1993)

Oncogenic activation of the human c-raf-1 protein (Raf-1) occurs by truncation of its aminoterminus (regulatory domain) and retention of the carboxyterminus (kinase domain). To gain insight into the structure of human raf-1 genomic DNA corresponding to the regulatory domain of Raf-1, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of introns 4, 8, and 9. Very high frequencies of the direct and indirect repeats, and A/T nucleotides were observed within introns 4, 8, and 9; and the DNA sequences, 5'-TTAGTCA-3' and 5'-TGATTCA-3', like the DNA recognition site of transcription factor AP-1, were identified within intron 4 of raf-1 in human normal and tumor DNAs. In addition, several transcriptional elements (CAAT box, TATA sequences, eukaryotic transcription initiation sites, and cellular transcriptional elements) were found within introns 4, 8, and 9 of human raf-1. These data suggest: 1) the high frequency of intron-specific repeats is a possible recombinational mechanism for derivation of truncated oncogenic forms of Raf-1; and 2) the multiple transcriptional elements within introns 4, 8, and 9 may have important implications in the regulation of raf-1 transcription and, therefore, its role in cell growth and proliferation.
FUSION PORES AND FUSION MACHINES IN CA2+-TRIGGERED EXOCYTOSIS (2006)

Exocytosis is initiated within a highly localized region of contact between two biological membranes. Small areas of these membranes draw close, molecules on the two surfaces interact, and structural transformations take place. Membrane fusion requires the action of proteins specialized for this task, and these proteins act as a fusion machine. At a critical point in this process, a fusion pore forms within the membrane contact site and then expands as the spherical vesicle merges with the flat target membrane. Hence, the operation of a fusion machine must be realized through the formation and expansion of a fusion pore. Delineating the relation between the fusion machine and the fusion pore thus emerges as a central goal in elucidating the mechanisms of membrane fusion. We summarize present knowledge of fusion machines and fusion pores studied in vitro, in neurons, and in neuroendocrine cells, and synthesize this knowledge into some specific and detailed hypotheses for exocytosis.
Median filtering-based pyramidal motion vector estimation (2002)

A median filtering-based hierarchical motion vector estimation scheme making use of a pyramidal data structure is proposed. Compared to the conventional hierarchical motion vector estimation schemes, the proposed scheme overcomes the problem of propagation of false motion vectors across resolutions. Simulation studies show that the proposed scheme not only improves the prediction accuracy with respect to the prediction mean square error, but also results in a smoother motion field, which can be encoded with less number of coding bits. It is shown that an improvement in the rate distortion performance is achieved with little increase in the computational complexity. It is also shown that Burt and Adelson's (1983) pyramidal data structure provides the best performance among a number of the generating kernels considered in our study.
MRS: An Integrated Medical Record System (1996)

We have designed and developed an extensive prototype of an integrated medical record system, MRS. The system is designed keeping the physician''s office as the primary focus. Accordingly, it supports the roles of the clerk, the nurse, the physician, and the patient. In particular, we are interested in increasing the productivity of the physician by reducing his/her time in scanning for the desired information while attending a patient and increasing the productivity of the office staff by integrating it with the patient billing systems. The system aims to improve the patient-care due to enhanced information provided for diagnostics. Ability to provide only relevant problem-related information from the patient''s medical history and ability to use other on-line tools in diagnosis are some features that enhance patient-care.
POWER7TM: IBM's Next Generation Server Processor (2010)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Relationships between DNA-binding kinetics and biological activity for the 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide class of antitumor agents (1987)

The kinetics of dissociation of calf thymus DNA complexes of the new intercalating antitumor drug N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide (5) and selected derivatives have been investigated by using the surfactant-sequestration method. The derivatives studied include those where the position (14 and 15) and nature of attachment (20 and 21) of the cationic side chain is modified, those where the distance (16-19) and composition (22-24) of the cationic group are varied, and those in which the chromophore is further substituted (25-31). While all of the compounds dissociate by a mechanism that involves at least three intermediate bound forms, derivatives bearing a 4-CONH(CH2)2NR1R2 side chain (where R1 and R2 are groups that permit the nitrogen to be protonated at neutral pH) have access to an additional binding mode of greater kinetic stability. A positive correlation is found between in vivo antitumor activity, selectivity of binding to GC-rich DNAs, and the presence of this fourth, long-lived transient species. We have interpreted our kinetic findings in terms of a molecular model for acridinecarboxamide-DNA complexes that accounts for the appearance of the fourth component. The acridine chromophore is postulated to intercalate from the narrow groove, its major axis lying at an angle to the major axis of the base pairs so that the CH atoms of positions 5 and 6 protrude into the groove. An important feature of the model is a bifurcated hydrogen bond between the O2 oxygen atom of a cytosine base adjacent to the binding site and the NH atoms of the carboxamide and protonated terminal amino functions of the drug molecule. Since the structural features required to form this bonding interaction are necessary, although not sufficient, conditions for in vivo antitumor activity, it is suggested that the model may describe the essential characteristics of the biologically active form of the bound drug. These findings further attest to the value of investigating the kinetics of DNA-drug interaction in studies of the mode of action of antitumor intercalating agents.
3kV SiC Charge-Balanced Diodes Breaking Unipolar Limit (2019)

In this work, we report design and fabrication of 3kV SiC Charge-Balanced JBS diodes with differential on-resistance below SiC 1D-unipolar limit. This diode implements a novel drift layer architecture that comprises p-doped buried Charge-Balanced regions inside drift layer. We also report successful high voltage double pulse inductive switching of SiC CB-JBS diode with total estimated recovery loss of 12.5mJ/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 150 °C when switched between 1.7kV and 270A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
FINCH and other methods of incoherent digital holography (2017)

Two directions of evolution of a decade-old digital holography technique, the Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) are presented. One has been developed towards achieving optimal performances and the other towards enhancing performances of different techniques.