gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells (2017)

Despite advancements in neurosurgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the outcome of patients with glioblastoma remains poor. The migration of tumor cells from the primary tumor site with subsequent invasion of these cells into the surrounding normal brain tissue is frequently responsible for relapse and treatment failure. The present study hypothesized that snail homolog 1 (SNAI1), a factor critically involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human carcinoma cells, may also contribute to an invasive EMT-like phenotype of glioblastoma cells. The majority of glioblastoma cell lines investigated in the present study expressed SNAI1 at basal levels. The present study overexpressed SNAI1 in glioblastoma cell lines by lentiviral transfer of human SNAI1 complementary DNA. In addition, the inhibition of SNAI1 expression was achieved by lentiviral transfer of a short hairpin RNA specific for SNAI1. SNAI1 overexpression increased proliferation of one of the cell lines, U251MG, but exhibited only a weak effect on the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. However, downregulation of SNAI1 significantly decreased the invasive capacity of all investigated cell lines. In parallel, regained expression of E-cadherin, a marker that is usually lost during EMT, was observed subsequent to SNAI1 knockdown in the glioblastoma cell lines U87MG and U251MG. The data of the present study suggest that certain key genes of the EMT in carcinoma are also involved in the migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cells.
The specific IL-1 inhibitor from the human M20 cell line is distinct from the IL-1 receptor antagonist. (1991)

Several inhibitors of IL-1 have been described. Four appear to be the same: one purified from urine of patients with monocytic leukemia, another from IgG-stimulated monocytes, a third from PMA-induced U937 cels, and a fourth from keratinocytes. Because these IL-1 inhibitors compete with bona fide IL-1 for occupancy of IL-1 receptors, they are now called the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) or IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP). We have described another IL-1-specific inhibitor produced by the human myelomonocytic leukemia cell line, M20. This inhibitor specifically blocks IL-1-induced effects both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we compared the M20 IL-1 inhibitor with IL-1ra using neutralization in an IL-1 bioassay and immunoblotting with an anti-IL-1ra antibody that recognizes natural IL-1ra. Neutralization experiments, immunoblotting, and western blotting obtained after transfer from SDS-PAGE revealed that anti-IL-1ra does not recognize the M20 IL-1 inhibitor. In addition, the isoelectric point and molecular weight of the M20 IL-1 inhibitor were different from those of the IL-1ra. From these data, we conclude that the M20 IL-1 inhibitor is antigenically unrelated to the IL-1ra but is a distinct and specific IL-1 inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF THE DIMETHYLGLYOXIMATO LIGANDS IN REDUCED COBALOXIME (1976)

Abstract Während Co(II)‐cobaloxim (II) mit Alkylhalogeniden wie Benzylbromid einer Übertragungsreaktion unter Bildung der entsprechenden Alkyl‐ und Halogenkobalt(III)‐cobaloxime (Ia) und (Ib) unterliegt, reagiert bei der Umsetzung von (II) mit sehr reaktiven, stark elektrophilen Alkylhalogeniden wie (III) in Benzol nicht das Metall sondern der Ligand zu Dimethylglyoxim‐O‐methoxymethyläther (IV).
Quality control in oocytes by p63 is based on a spring-loaded activation mechanism on the molecular and cellular level (2016)

Mammalian oocytes are arrested in the dictyate stage of meiotic prophase I for long periods of time, during which the high concentration of the p53 family member TAp63α sensitizes them to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. TAp63α is kept in an inactive and exclusively dimeric state but undergoes rapid phosphorylation-induced tetramerization and concomitant activation upon detection of DNA damage. Here we show that the TAp63α dimer is a kinetically trapped state. Activation follows a spring-loaded mechanism not requiring further translation of other cellular factors in oocytes and is associated with unfolding of the inhibitory structure that blocks the tetramerization interface. Using a combination of biophysical methods as well as cell and ovary culture experiments we explain how TAp63α is kept inactive in the absence of DNA damage but causes rapid oocyte elimination in response to a few DNA double strand breaks thereby acting as the key quality control factor in maternal reproduction.
Antitumor efficacy of a novel CLA-PTX microemulsion against brain tumors: in vitro and in vivo findings (2012)

CLA-PTX microemulsion is a novel formulation with significant antitumor efficacy in the treatment of brain tumors, and is safer than CLA-PTX solution.
Fragmentation of the quinoxaline N-oxide bond to the ˙OH radical upon one-electron bioreduction (2014)

The ˙OH radical is released from 3-trifluoromethyl-quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides upon one-electron reduction by cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase. This process effectively competes with back oxidation of the intermediate radical anion by oxygen and underlies the increased aerobic cytotoxicity of such compounds compared to that seen for the related clinical bioreductive benzotriazine drug, tirapazamine.
The Enzymic Addition of Poly(A) to the 3′‐End of RNA using Bacteriophage MS 2 RNA as a Model System (1976)

ATP : RNA adenyltransferase, purified from Escherichia coli, was used to add a series of adenosine residues to the 3'-end of MS2RNA. Incubations of the order of a few minutes at 37 degrees C were sufficient for synthesis of a short poly(A) chain that did not appreciably alter the hydrodynamic or electrophoretic properties of MS2 RNA. The size of the poly(A) tails was estimated by gel electrophoresis after prior hydrolysis of the primer RNA with pancreatic ribonuclease. These results were in good agreement with the values calculated on the basis of the relative amount of incorporated AMP. After the addition of a short poly(A) tail, approximately 50% of the treated material binds specifically to an oligo(dT)-cellulose column. The majority of the recovered poly(a)-containing RNA was still intact, as shown by analysis on polyacrylamide gel. After incubations beyond 6 min, slowly sedimenting material, also showing reduced electrophoretic mobility, was formed. Presumably this material corresponds to RNA chains to which long poly(A) tails are linked.
Metal-oxide films for electrochromic applications: present technology and future directions (2010)

Many transition metal-oxide films exhibit an electrochromic (EC) effect as they change their optical transmittance upon charge insertion or extraction. These materials may be integrated into multilayer devices, and the optical modulation is then produced by application of a small electrical voltage. Electrochromic films are therefore being developed for application in dynamic or “smart” windows that are at the forefront of emerging energy-saving advances in building technologies. Here we will describe the state-of-the-art technology that is being implemented in commercial applications. It predominantly relies on the use of tungsten oxide-based films (coloring with ion insertion) and nickel oxide-based films (coloring with ion extraction). We also suggest future research directions that are motivated by the need to reduce the production costs of large-area EC windows. Specifically, we describe the possibility of alternative less expensive manufacturing processes, as well as the development of flexible EC devices that allow for an inexpensive “retrofit” installation to existing structures.
Two-cross-polarized-frequency VECSEL at 852 nm for CPT-based Cs clocks (2013)

International audience
Civic Culture and Corporate Regime in Louisville (2008)

:We examine the civic culture in Louisville focusing upon the community power structure, community value system, and public decision-making system as described by knowledgeable persons. Interviewees were selected for their first-hand knowledge of community decision making as participants and close observers and to represent different interests. Respondents described what resembles a corporate-centered regime in economic development but which does not necessarily extend to education. The civic culture and attendant myths hold together a city that otherwise is greatly divided by race, class, and status apparent in the geographic segregation of the community into the East, West, and South Ends. The city’s self identity and perception in some way may be at odds with its current situation and development strategies.
Evaluation of Automotive Mass Airflow Sensors for Animal Environment Research and Control Applications (2011)

Mass air flow is an important parameter to consider in animal research applications, especially for the generation of heat and moisture production data. The high flow rates and low operating pressures in animal research facilities present a unique and costly challenge for measurement of mass air flow rates. Mass air flow sensors for automotive applications are designed for mass production and are inexpensive. In addition, automotive sensors are designed for minimum restriction of intake air supplied to internal combustion engines. Two commonly available mass air flow sensors for passenger vehicle engines were compared against a NIST-traceable mass air flow sensor to assess accuracy over a range of temperatures and flow rates. Air was supplied from an environmental chamber at 10, 20, and 30 C using a variable speed blower. Concurrent measurements of mass air flow were recorded from the automotive sensors and the reference sensor over a range of 60 to 425 m3h-1. Regression analysis showed that a quadratic relationship exists between output frequency and mass air flow through the sensors; coefficients of determination (R2) exceeded 0.99 for all cases tested. Full scale flow error for the hot-wire and hot-film sensor were 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. Automotive mass air flow sensors could provide a more cost effect means of measuring mass air flow in animal research applications.
Genetically Matched Human iPS Cells Reveal that Propensity for Cartilage and Bone Differentiation Differs with Clones, not Cell Type of Origin (2013)

The reprogramming process may remove the difference between DFs and BMSCs at least for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Qualified and genetically matched human iPSC clone sets established in this study are valuable resources for further basic study of clonal differences.
Characterization of Silicon Carbide Pressure Sensors at 800 °C (2019)

Initial characterization of MEMS-based single crystal 4H-SiC piezoresistive pressure sensors has been performed to determine the operational reliability over time at 800 °C. Important parameters such as the zero pressure offset, bridge resistance, and pressure sensitivity as affected by temperature were extracted. These parameters showed relative stability within the prescribed operational window of the sensor at 800 °C. Of significance was the increase in pressure sensitivity with increasing temperature beyond 400 °C, to the extent that the sensitivity at 800 °C equal to or higher than the room temperature value. The sensor can, therefore, be inserted further into the higher temperature section of the test article, thereby making it possible to capture higher frequency bandwidths of the thermoacoustic instabilities, which is critical for the validation of computational fluid dynamics predictive models.
Proximal Gradient-Based Unfolding for Massive Random Access in IoT Networks (2022)

Grant-free random access is an effective technology for enabling low-overhead and low-latency massive access, where joint activity detection and channel estimation (JADCE) is a critical issue. Although existing compressive sensing algorithms can be applied for JADCE, they usually fail to simultaneously harvest the following properties: effective sparsity inducing, fast convergence, robust to different pilot sequences, and adaptive to time-varying networks. To this end, we propose an unfolding framework for JADCE based on the proximal gradient method. Specifically, we formulate the JADCE problem as a group-row-sparse matrix recovery problem and leverage a minimax concave penalty rather than the widely-used $\ell_1$-norm to induce sparsity. We then develop a proximal gradient-based unfolding neural network that parameterizes the algorithmic iterations. To improve convergence rate, we incorporate momentum into the unfolding neural network, and prove the accelerated convergence theoretically. Based on the convergence analysis, we further develop an adaptive-tuning algorithm, which adjusts its parameters to different signal-to-noise ratio settings. Simulations show that the proposed unfolding neural network achieves better recovery performance, convergence rate, and adaptivity than current baselines.
Production of bio-ethanol from barley straw and reed canary grass : a raw material study (2007)

The aim of the study was to estimate the optimal harvest time and overall potential of barley straw and reed canary grass (RCG) as feedstocks for bio-ethanol production. The estimate was conducted based on samples from field trials in Finland collected during the seasons 2005/06 and 2006/07. The total dry matter (DM) yield for barley was 8-10 metric tons ha -1 , whereof proportion of straw comprised 30%. For RCG the highest DM yield, more 11 tons ha -1 , was obtained one month after seed maturing. The content of soluble sugars decreased drastically when plant got older being the lowest in mature barley straw and in dead plants in spring for RCG. Cellulose and lignin content of barley straw increased until dough stage of grain and changed only slightly thereafter. Changes in hemicellulose content were equal but lesser. Cellulose and lignin content for RCG was higher the later the plant material was harvested. Only minor changes in hemicellulose content were discovered. Barley straw taken at harvesting time, and RCG taken at seed maturing time and in spring were treated by steam explosion, where after the success of enzymatic hydrolysis and yeast fermentation were evaluated in laboratory-scale. The enzymatic hydrolysis of steam exploded washed raw materials followed by yeast fermentation was evaluated in laboratory- scale. Both RCG and barley straw were easily pre-treated with steam explosion, hydrolysed to monosaccharides and fermented to ethanol, and thus suitable raw materials for ethanol production.
Temporal enhancement of two-dimensional color doppler echocardiography (2016)

Two-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography is widely used for assessing blood flow inside the heart and blood vessels. Currently, frame acquisition time for this method varies from tens to hundreds of milliseconds, depending on Doppler sector parameters. This leads to low frame rates of resulting video sequences equal to tens of Hz, which is insufficient for some diagnostic purposes, especially in pediatrics. In this paper, we present a new approach for reconstruction of 2D color Doppler cardiac images, which results in the frame rate being increased to hundreds of Hz. This approach relies on a modified method of frame reordering originally applied to real-time 3D echocardiography. There are no previous publications describing application of this method to 2D Color Doppler data. The approach has been tested on several in-vivo cardiac 2D color Doppler datasets with approximate duration of 30 sec and native frame rate of 15 Hz. The resulting image sequences had equivalent frame rates to 500Hz.
Viscosity of bimodal suspensions with hard spherical particles (2014)

We analyze two equations for their ability to predict the viscosity of bimodal suspensions with hard spherical particles. The equations express the viscosity as a function of the particle loading and the packing (or, volume) fraction at which the viscosity diverges (viscosity threshold). The latter is found from previously published experimental studies for a variety of sphere diameter ratios and fractions of small particles in total solids. A comparison between the viscosity thresholds and the maximally random jammed packing verifies their interconnection and permits accurate viscosity prediction of bimodal suspensions.
Methods of Ion Generation (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethods of Ion GenerationMarvin L. VestalView Author Information PE Biosystems, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 2, 361–376Publication Date (Web):January 25, 2001Publication History Received24 May 2000Published online25 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990104whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990104wresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1646Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ionization,Ions,Liquids,Mass spectrometry,Molecules Get e-Alerts
1181-P: Consumption of Naturally Enriched Complex Carbohydrate Meal Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Disposition Index in Type 2 Diabetes (2021)

The triple tracer method has enabled accurate and concurrent measurements of glucose turnover as well as indices of insulin action and beta cell function in people with diabetes. We have previously utilized the natural enrichment of 13C polysaccharide in commercially available grains, and compared indices obtained after a complex carbohydrate (CC) meal to those obtained after a simple carbohydrate (SC) mixed meal in healthy humans. We have now completed studies in 6 subjects with type 2 diabetes (4M, age 65±6 y; BMI 33±4 kg/m2; HbA1c 50±10 mM/mol) after ~75 gm of either sorghum (naturally enriched 13C) or glucose labeled with 13C mixed meals containing ~75 gm carbs and matched protein and fat in random order. Results in figure. Glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations achieved were significantly lower with CC meal as compared to SC meal (p<0.05). Insulin sensitivity (SI) (p<0.05) and disposition index (DI) were higher with CC vs. SC meal but beta-cell responsivity was similar between meals. The preliminary results indicate that CC meals provide improvement in SI and DI in patients with type 2 diabetes when compared to SC meals. We present a novel approach to estimate insulin action and secretion in people with diabetes with a real world complex carb meal and also demonstrate the improvement in SI and DI observed after a CC meal which is desirable in patients with type 2 diabetes.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureD. Romeres: None. A. Basu: None. Y. R. Yadav: None. C. Cobelli: None. C. Dalla man: Research Support; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH. R. Basu: None.FundingNational Institutes of Health (R01DK029953 to R.B.), (R01DK085516 to A.B.), (DK059637, DK020593)
Lack of AcrB Efflux Function Confers Loss of Virulence on Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (2017)

AcrAB-TolC is the paradigm resistance-nodulation-division (RND) multidrug resistance efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria, with AcrB being the pump protein in this complex. We constructed a nonfunctional AcrB mutant by replacing D408, a highly conserved residue essential for proton translocation. Western blotting confirmed that the AcrB D408A mutant had the same native level of expression of AcrB as the parental strain. The mutant had no growth deficiencies in rich or minimal medium. However, compared with wild-type SL1344, the mutant had increased accumulation of Hoechst 33342 dye and decreased efflux of ethidium bromide and was multidrug hypersusceptible. The D408A mutant was attenuated <i>in vivo</i> in mouse and <i>Galleria mellonella</i> models and showed significantly reduced invasion into intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages <i>in vitro</i> A dose-dependent inhibition of invasion was also observed when two different efflux pump inhibitors were added to the wild-type strain during infection of epithelial cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed downregulation of bacterial factors necessary for infection, including those in the <i>Salmonella</i> pathogenicity islands 1, 2, and 4; quorum sensing genes; and <i>phoPQ</i> Several general stress response genes were upregulated, probably due to retention of noxious molecules inside the bacterium. Unlike loss of AcrB protein, loss of efflux function did not induce overexpression of other RND efflux pumps. Our data suggest that gene deletion mutants are unsuitable for studying membrane transporters and, importantly, that inhibitors of AcrB efflux function will not induce expression of other RND pumps.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. In Gram-negative bacteria, overexpression of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux system confers resistance to clinically useful drugs. Here, we show that loss of AcrB efflux function causes loss of virulence in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium. This is due to the reduction of bacterial factors necessary for infection, which is likely to be caused by the retention of noxious molecules inside the bacterium. We also show that, in contrast to loss of AcrB protein, loss of efflux does not induce overexpression of other efflux pumps from the same family. This indicates that there are differences between loss of efflux protein and loss of efflux that make gene deletion mutants unsuitable for studying the biological function of membrane transporters. Understanding the biological role of AcrB will help to assess the risks of targeting efflux pumps as a strategy to combat antibiotic resistance.
Catalytic Total Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass‐Derived Polyfunctionalized Substrates to Alkanes (2015)

The total hydrodeoxygenation of carbohydrate-derived molecules to alkanes, a key reaction in the production of biofuel, was reviewed from the aspect of catalysis. Noble metals (or Ni) and acid are the main components of the catalysts, and group 6 or 7 metals such as Re are sometimes added as modifiers of the noble metal. The main reaction route is acid-catalyzed dehydration plus metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, and in some systems metal-catalyzed direct CO dissociation is involved. The appropriate active metal, acid strength, and reaction conditions depend strongly on the reactivity of the substrate. Reactions that use Pt or Pd catalysts supported on Nb-based acids or relatively weak acids are suitable for furanic substrates. Carbohydrates themselves and sugar alcohols undergo CC dissociation easily. The systems that use metal-catalyzed direct CO dissociations can give a higher yield of the corresponding alkane from carbohydrates and sugar alcohols.