gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Advanced Adjustable Switch Hybrid (ASH) Concept for High Power Automotive Converters (2021)

&lt;p&gt;In this paper, we introduce an Adjustable Switch Hybrid (ASH) converter concept. The ASH targets the optimization of the electrical performance of high-powered automotive drive-trains depending on the different load conditions during drive cycles. The new concept employs in principle the previously reported Cross Switch (XS) Hybrid having a parallel arrangement of bipolar Silicon IGBTs and unipolar SiC MOSFETs for benefiting from the different electrical characteristics of each paralleled device. However, the ASH relies on a computational approach for the continuous and dynamic adjustments of the Si-IGBT to the SiC MOSFET area ratio through the gate units depending on the load conditions. In practical terms, changes in the loading conditions can be sensed and data will then be sent back to the ASH gate drive unit for the optimum device ratio selection. In other words, the ASH provides the drivetrain with an Electronic Transmission System or Gear type functionality.&lt;/p&gt;
Electroosmotic Water Vapor Transport across Novel, Smart, Functionalized Conducting Polymer Microporous Membranes in Active Mode at Very High Rates, with Concomitant Chemical Warfare (CW) Agent Blocking (2013)

Electroosmotic water vapor transport (WVT) across very thin, flexible, functionalized conducting polymer (CP) microporous (μP) membranes at a very high rate is reported. Both passive and active (6 VDC applied) WVT are reported, the latter for the first time ever. WVT occurs with concomitant, effective blocking of chemical warfare (CW) agents, again demonstrated for the first time ever. Initial active liquid||membrane||liquid interface studies demonstrated WVT rates of >1.7 × 10-5g .mm-2s-1, >3 × the highest prior reported values of 5 × 10-6g.mm-2s-1. Subsequent vapor||membrane|| vapor interface studies using industry-standard methods (including ASTM E96B Upright Cup (“WVT”), ASTM F2298 (“Dynamic Moisture Permeation Cell”) and ASTM F1868 (“Sweating Guard Hotplate”) were done at independent, external labs for independent corroboration. These yielded, e.g., WVT values of2564.4 g.m2.d-1 (passive) and3706.7 g.m2d-1 (active), to be compared with the highest (passive) value ever reported previously,984.8 g.m2.d-1 for a μP-Nylon membrane. More than 15 different membrane configurations, porosities and types were studied, including membranes with CP + organophosphate hydrolase (OPH), an enzyme reactive to CW agents. Efficient blocking of the actual CW agents GB, HD, VX is also reported, using the TOP-8-2-501standard. Membranes also passed all Industry-standard durability tests, e.g. ASTM D2261 (Tearing), ASTM D5034 (Breaking), ASTM D3886 (Abrasion), ASTM F392 (Gelbo Flex). Incorporation into smart soldiers’ garments was demonstrated; power consumption was -2. Mechanisms of enhanced WVT and CW agent blocking in the membranes are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed ortho C—H Bond Activation of Arylamines for the Synthesis of Quinoline Carboxylates. (2016)

Abstract A regioselective annulation of anilines with alkynic esters allowing for the synthesis of quinoline carboxylates using rhodium catalysts is proposed to proceed via rhodacycle of in situ generated amide and enamine ester followed by ortho C—H activation of arylamines.
Ventral striatum activation by typical versus atypical neuroleptics in a fMRI paradigm with monetary incentive stimuli (2005)

Atypical neuroleptics, unlike typical neuroleptics, lead to less severe blockage of the dopaminergic neurotransmission in the ventral striatum, the most important structure of the so-called mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system. The functional effects of this on motivation and drive have not been investigated up to now. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a motivational paradigm with a monetary incentive delay task, a study was carried out on right-handed schizophrenic inpatients taking typical neuroleptics (n=10, 2F, age 31.5±11.3 years, haloperidole, flupentixole, fluphenazine) or atypical neuroleptics (N=10, 4F, age 38.3±11.3 years, risperidone, olanzapine, amisulpride, aripiprazole). The patients on atypical neuroleptics demonstrated more activity in the ventral striatum due to gain vesus loss anticipation than did patients on typical neuroleptics (SVC-FWE: T=3.57, p=0.02, activated voxels: 11). This was the first demonstration in a cross sectional comparison that the restriction induced by atypical neuroleptics on the mesolimbic reward and motivation system is less severe than that induced by typical neuroleptics. This would explain, for example, the more minor degree of (affective) negative symptoms seen in patients taking atypical neuroleptics. Currently data is being evaluated from longitudinal sections made in a study of patients who were switched from a typical neuroleptic to an atypical agent on the basis of the fMRI paradigm described.
Control of Rotary Series Elastic Actuator for Ideal Force-Mode Actuation in Human–Robot Interaction Applications (2009)

To realize ideal force control of robots that interact with a human, a very precise actuating system with zero impedance is desired. For such applications, a rotary series elastic actuator (RSEA) has been introduced recently. This paper presents the design of RSEA and the associated control algorithms. To generate joint torque as desired, a torsional spring is installed between a motor and a human joint, and the motor is controlled to produce a proper spring deflection for torque generation. When the desired torque is zero, the motor must follow the human joint motion, which requires that the friction and the inertia of the motor be compensated. The human joint and the body part impose the load on the RSEA. They interact with uncertain environments and their physical properties vary with time. In this paper, the disturbance observer (DOB) method is applied to make the RSEA precisely generate the desired torque under such time-varying conditions. Based on the nominal model preserved by the DOB, feedback and feedforward controllers are optimally designed for the desired performance, i.e., the RSEA: (1) exhibits very low impedance and (2) generates the desired torque precisely while interacting with a human. The effectiveness of the proposed design is verified by experiments.
Prostacyclin modulates cholesteryl ester hydrolytic activity by its effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. (1982)

We tested the hypothesis that prostacyclin (PGI2), 6-keto-prostaglandinF1 alpha(6-keto-PGF1 alpha), and several E series prostaglandins (PG) may affect the activity of cholesteryl ester (CE) hydrolase since our previous experiments indicated that smooth muscle cells (SMC) in neointima of injured rabbit aorta (a) acquire the capacity to produce PGI2 and (b) have increased lysosomal CE hydrolytic (acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase [ACEH])activity. Using cultured SMC from rabbit thoracic aorta, we demonstrated that PGI2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and 6-keto-PGE1 enhanced ACEH activity fourfold. No significant effects on ACEH activity were observed with PGE1 or PGE2. Preincubation of SMC with an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase activity (dideoxyadenosine) abolished the effect of these PG on CE hydrolytic activity. Addition of dibutyryl cAMP to these SMC significantly increased ACEH activity. Although concentrations of PGI2 used significantly increased cAMP levels, proliferation of these SMC was not observed. In related experiments, we determined if the addition of PGI2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, or 6-keto-PGE1 to cultured aortic SMC would enhance the egress of unesterified cholesterol and CE from these SMC. A significant loss of total cholesterol from PG-treated SMC was observed at the end of 14 d. Results suggest that increased synthesis of PGI2 by neointimal SMC in the injured aortic wall may, at least in part, explain the changes in CE catabolism and accumulation following injury. These PG may also be important in CE metabolism and accumulation in human arteries.
Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Proteases Identify Enzyme Residues Important for Substrate Selection and Catalytic Rate (1998)

A series of mutations, first identified in protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 viral isolates, were introduced into HIV-1 PR as individual substitutions. Mutants containing R8K, V32I, V82T, I84V, G48V/L90M, or V82T/I84V substitutions were analyzed for differences in substrate preference and catalytic efficiency using a set of single amino acid substituted HIV-1 CA-NCa cleavage site peptides. All mutants exhibited wild-type preference for large hydrophobic residues, especially Phe, in the P1' substrate position. Only the R8K and V32I mutants showed significant differences in subsite selection compared to wild-type enzyme. In a parallel study, the individual mutations R10K, L12V, I44V, A60M, I71V, and I108V were introduced into RSV PR. These amino acid positions are structurally equivalent to Arg8, Leu10, Val32, Met46, Ile54, and Ile84 in HIV-1 PR, respectively, which mutate in drug-resistance. The RSV R10K substitution significantly altered substrate specificity and catalytic rate, compared to wild-type, in a manner similar to that of the HIV-1 R8K mutant. Crystal structures of the RSV PR R10K, I44V, I71V, and Il08V mutant enzymes presented here indicate that each of these substitutions has little effect on the overall structure of the respective enzymes. Taken together, these data provide an explanation for the reported in vivo predilection for selection of large hydrophobic residues in the P1' substrate position of second locus mutations in the Gag polyprotein PR cleavage sites. The data also suggest that the selection of resistant enzymes is not simply limited to loss of binding to inhibitor but affects other steps in proteolysis.
Measurements of differential cross-sections in top-quark pair events with a high transverse momentum top quark and limits on beyond the Standard Model contributions to top-quark pair production with the ATLAS detector at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2022)

A bstract Cross-section measurements of top-quark pair production where the hadronically decaying top quark has transverse momentum greater than 355 GeV and the other top quark decays into ℓνb are presented using 139 fb − 1 of data collected by the ATLAS experiment during proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The fiducial cross-section at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV is measured to be σ = 1 . 267 ± 0 . 005 ± 0 . 053 pb, where the uncertainties reflect the limited number of data events and the systematic uncertainties, giving a total uncertainty of 4 . 2%. The cross-section is measured differentially as a function of variables characterising the $$ t\overline{t} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> system and additional radiation in the events. The results are compared with various Monte Carlo generators, including comparisons where the generators are reweighted to match a parton-level calculation at next-to-next-to-leading order. The reweighting improves the agreement between data and theory. The measured distribution of the top-quark transverse momentum is used to search for new physics in the context of the effective field theory framework. No significant deviation from the Standard Model is observed and limits are set on the Wilson coefficients of the dimension-six operators O tG and $$ {O}_{tq}^{(8)} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>tq</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , where the limits on the latter are the most stringent to date.
Wireless CASS interface device (2004)

This paper documents the advantages and disadvantages of the Wireless CASS Interface Device. The tightly controlled electrical parameters, ease of maintenance and rapid validation combine to make the Wireless CASS Interface Device attractive. Any extra parts cost will be more than offset by fabrication, validation and maintenance savings for an overall life cycle cost reduction.
Using Skeleton Correction to Improve Flash Lidar-based Gait Recognition (2022)

This paper presents GlidarPoly, an efficacious pipeline of 3D gait recognition for flash lidar data based on pose estimation and robust correction of erroneous and missing joint measurements. A flash lidar can provide new opportunities for gait recognition through a fast acquisition of depth and intensity data over an extended range of distance. However, the flash lidar data are plagued by artifacts, outliers, noise, and sometimes missing measurements, which negatively affects the performance of existing analytics solutions. We present a filtering mechanism that corrects noisy and missing skeleton joint measurements to improve gait recognition. Furthermore, robust statistics are integrated with conventional feature moments to encode the dynamics of the motion. As a comparison, length-based and vector-based features extracted from the noisy skeletons are investigated for outlier removal. Experimental results illustrate the superiority of the proposed methodology in improving gait recognition given noisy, low-resolution flash lidar data.
Mobility and potential toxicity of sediment-bound metals in a tidal estuary (2005)

Sediment toxicity in the Gironde Estuary, France, a site contaminated by such trace metals as Cd, Cu, and Zn, was examined monthly from March to October 1997, using concurrently geochemical procedures to assess the mobility of contaminants and ecotoxicity tests with invertebrate larvae (the oyster Crassostrea gigas, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, and the copepod Tigriopus brevicornis). Higher mobility of Cd than of Cu and Zn was shown by desorption tests. Both the gross concentrations of Cu and Zn in the sediment and the mobility of these metals showed a temporal evolution, and changes in the toxicity of the sediment to invertebrate larvae generally were observed concomitantly. Little damage was registered in the spring, and greater damage was found in the summer and fall. Positive correlations were shown between mortality in copepods or abnormalities in oyster larvae with the quantities of metals remobilized from sediment at pH 4. On the contrary, no clear temporal trend was shown for total PAH levels in sediment. These correlations and previous toxicological data suggest that sediment-bound metals, particularly Cu and Zn, possibly play a role in biological responses.
Synthesis of Two Bioactive Natural Products: FR252921 and Pseudotrienic Acid B (2009)

Concise and highly convergent syntheses of the immunosuppressive agent FR252921 and the related antimicrobial natural product pseudotrienic acid B were achieved from a common intermediate by using optically active titanium complexes to control the configuration of the stereogenic centers, a highly stereo- and regioselective cross-metathesis to generate the triene moieties, and a Stille cross-coupling to install the dienic units.
Black silicon-based infrared radiation source (2016)

Micromachined infrared sources are enabling component for interferometric and spectroscopic sensors. Their compact size and low cost transform bulky instruments to the sensor scale, which is needed for a wide range of applications in the conventional and unconventional environments. The silicon micromachined sources should be engineered to have good emissivity across a large wavelength range because the intrinsic emissivity of silicon is low. This optimization was reported in literature by either the deposition of black metal at the surface of an emitter or the use of deep phonic crystal cavities, which complicates the fabrication technology and results in sharp dip lines in the spectral emissivity, respectively. In this work we report a micromachined infrared radiation source based on a heater on the top of black silicon structure for the first time in the literature, up to the authors’ knowledge. The temperature of the device is characterized versus the applied voltage and the radiated spectrum is captured in the 1300 nm to 2500 nm spectral range; limited by the spectrum analysis instrument. The reported source opens the doors for completely integrated MEMS spectral sensors onchip.
A Selective IKK-2 Inhibitor Blocks NF-κB-dependent Gene Expression in Interleukin-1β-stimulated Synovial Fibroblasts (2003)

NF-kappa B-induced gene expression contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. I kappa B kinase (IKK) is the converging point for the activation of NF-kappa B by a broad spectrum of inflammatory agonists and is thus a novel target for therapeutic intervention. We describe a small molecule, selective inhibitor of IKK-2, SC-514, which does not inhibit other IKK isoforms or other serine-threonine and tyrosine kinases. SC-514 inhibits the native IKK complex or recombinant human IKK-1/IKK-2 heterodimer and IKK-2 homodimer similarly. IKK-2 inhibition by SC-514 is selective, reversible, and competitive with ATP. SC-514 inhibits transcription of NF-kappa B-dependent genes in IL-1 beta-induced rheumatoid arthritis-derived synovial fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. When the mechanism of NF-kappa B activation was evaluated in the presence of this inhibitor, several interesting observations were found. First, SC-514 did not inhibit the phosphorylation and activation of the IKK complex. Second, there was a delay but not a complete blockade in I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation; likewise there was a slightly slowed, decreased import of p65 into the nucleus and a faster export of p65 from the nucleus. Finally, both I kappa B alpha and p65 were comparable substrates for IKK-2, with similar Km and Kcat values, and SC-514 inhibited the phosphorylation of either substrate similarly. Thus, the effect of SC-514 on cytokine gene expression may be a combination of inhibiting I kappa B alpha phosphorylation/degradation, affecting NF-kappa B nuclear import/export as well as the phosphorylation and transactivation of p65.
Isoproterenol Disrupts Intestinal Barriers Activating Gut-Liver-Axis: Effects on Intestinal Mucus and Vascular Barrier as Entry Sites (2019)

Isoproterenol impairs the intestinal muco-epithelial and endothelial-vascular barrier promoting PBT to the liver. This barrier dysfunction on multiple levels potentially can contribute to liver injury induced by catecholamines during states of increased β-adrenergic drive.
Multiframe Maximum-Likelihood Tag Estimation for RFID Anticollision Protocols (2011)

Automatic identification based on radio frequency identification (RFID) is progressively being introduced into industrial environments, enabling new applications and processes. In the context of communications, RFID rely mostly on Frame Slotted Aloha (FSA) anticollision protocols. Their goal is to reduce the time required to detect all the tags within range (identification time). Using FSA, the maximum identification rate is achieved when the number of contending tags equals the number of contention slots available in the frame. Therefore, the reader must estimate the number of contenders and allocate that number of slots for the next frame. This paper introduces the new MFML-DFSA anticollision protocol. It estimates the number of contenders by means of a maximum-likelihood estimator, which uses the statistical information from several frames (multiframe estimation) to improve the accuracy of the estimate. Based on this expected number of tags, the algorithm determines the best frame length for the next reading frame, taking into account the constraints of the EPCglobal Class-1 Gen-2 standard. The MFML-DFSA algorithm is compared with previous proposals and found to outperform these in terms of (lower) average identification time and computational cost, which makes it suitable for implementation in commercial RFID readers.
Transmission of 200 G PDM-CSRZ-QPSK and PDM-16 QAM With a SE of 4 b/s/Hz (2012)

We have realized the first field transmission of 8 × 216.8-Gb/s Nyquist wavelength-division-multiplexing (N-WDM) signals over 1750-km G.652 fiber consisting of 950-km real and 800-km lab fibers with erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-only amplification. The average loss per span is 21.6 dB. Each channel is modulated with 54.2-Gbaud (216.8-Gb/s) polarization-division-multiplexing carrier-suppressed return-to-zero quadrature-phase-shift-keying (PDM-CSRZ-QPSK) data on a 50-GHz grid giving a record spectral efficiency (SE) of 4 b/s/Hz. Digital post filtering and 1-bit maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) are introduced into the offline digital signal processing (DSP) at the receiver to suppress noise, linear crosstalk and filtering effects. We have also investigated the co-transmission of 200 G PDM-CSRZ-QPSK and 200 G PDM 16-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulation (PDM-16 QAM) signals on a 50-GHz grid, and found that PDM-CSRZ-QPSK signals have better bit-error-rate (BER) performance for both back-to-back and 700-km transmission cases. Meanwhile, PDM-16 QAM signals are subject to larger crosstalk from the neighboring Nyquist QPSK channels.
Radioresistance of cancer cells, integrin αvβ3 and thyroid hormone (2018)

Radioresistance is a substantial barrier to success in cancer management. A number of molecular mechanisms support radioresistance. We have shown experimentally that the thyroid hormone analogue receptor on the extracellular domain of integrin αvβ3 may modulate the state of radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Specifically, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a derivative of L-thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>), can reduce radioresistance in cancer cells. In this review, we list a number of intrinsic signal transduction molecules and other host factors that have been reported to support/induce radioresistance in cancer cells and that are also subject to control by T<sub>4</sub> through actions primarily initiated at integrin αvβ3. Additional preclinical evidence is needed to support these radioresistance-relevant actions of thyroid hormone.
Nanocrystalline Mesoporous γ-Alumina Powders “UPMC1 Material” Gathers Thermal and Chemical Stability with High Surface Area (2006)

The designed elaboration of alumina sub-micrometric spherical powder that combines 3D ordered mesoporosity of high accessibility, nanocrystalline structure, and thermal stability up to 900 °C is reported. The strategy used to elaborate such new materials labeled "UPMC1" involves specific block-copolymer templating, aluminum sol−gel chemistry, tuned aerosol generation (spray drying), and sequential thermal treatments that allow designing of a whole set of mesoporous catalytic supports by adjusting ceramization conditions between 700 and 900 °C. When calcination temperature reaches 700 °C, the network remains amorphous and displays structural features of highly porous materials (i.e., porosity, 0.56 cm3·g-1; surface area, 403 m2·g-1; well-calibrated pore diameter, 13 nm). After 30 min at 900 °C, crystallization into γ-Al2O3 particles of around 6 nm has occurred, which has modified the network characteristics (i.e., porosity, 0.34 cm3·g-1; surface area, 134 m2·g-1; well-calibrated pore diameter, 12.5 nm) without destroying the mesostructure. Both amorphous and crystalline final materials present the remarkable properties of mesoporous materials with the unique amphoteric properties of the γ-alumina surface (40% of tetragonal acid sites) that have great potential application in catalysis, in environment, and as an adsorbent. The present work points out that ordered mesoporosity has the ability to stabilize materials with amorphous or metastable crystalline structure at higher temperatures than what is observed for nonordered mesoporous analogous systems. Such a phenomenon is discussed on the basis of extensive materials characterization mainly based on TEM, XRD, and 29Al high-resolution solid-state NMR.