gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validating a standardised test battery for synesthesia: Does the Synesthesia Battery reliably detect synesthesia? (2015)

Synesthesia is a neurological condition that gives rise to unusual secondary sensations (e.g., reading letters might trigger the experience of colour). Testing the consistency of these sensations over long time intervals is the behavioural gold standard assessment for detecting synesthesia (e.g., Simner, Mulvenna et al., 2006). In 2007 however, Eagleman and colleagues presented an online 'Synesthesia Battery' of tests aimed at identifying synesthesia by assessing consistency but within a single test session. This battery has been widely used but has never been previously validated against conventional long-term retesting, and with a randomly recruited sample from the general population. We recruited 2847 participants to complete The Synesthesia Battery and found the prevalence of grapheme-colour synesthesia in the general population to be 1.2%. This prevalence was in line with previous conventional prevalence estimates based on conventional long-term testing (e.g., Simner, Mulvenna et al., 2006). This reproduction of similar prevalence rates suggests that the Synesthesia Battery is indeed a valid methodology for assessing synesthesia.
Drying and Pyrolysis of Cellulose Nanofibers from Wood, Bacteria, and Algae for Char Application in Oil Absorption and Dye Adsorption (2017)

Native cellulose nanofibers (CNF) constitute an abundant resource for pyrolysis leading to char materials offering a wide range of properties and application possibilities. With the aim to produce chars having large surface area and pore volume for dyes adsorption and oil absorption, respectively, we herein explore the slow pyrolysis process of cellulose nanofibers from wood, Cladophora algae and bacteria that were subjected to various drying routes. Whereas algae CNF with their large crystallites lead to high surface area (SBET) substrates using conventional drying from aqueous suspension, CNF from wood having smaller crystallites requires drying from solvents to reach high SBET substrates, which results in chars with a good adsorption capacity for both anionic and cationic dyes. Moreover, the porosity of the CNF substrate can be tuned via an ice-templating freeze-drying procedure reaching values as high as 99.7% and corresponding chars capable of absorbing 64–120 g g–1 of various oils and organic solvents. Besides the absorption/adsorption properties of the chars, we report effects of CNF source and structure on the thermal properties assessed by thermogravimetric and thermomechanical analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry, and we identified over 20 decomposition products and 3 expansion events occurring during CNF pyrolysis.
Speech Recognition Engineering Issues in Speech to Speech Translation System Design for Low Resource Languages and Domains (2006)

Engineering automatic speech recognition (ASR) for speech to speech (S2S) translation systems, especially targeting languages and domains that do not have readily available spoken language resources, is immensely challenging due to a number of reasons. In addition to contending with the conventional data-hungry speech acoustic and language modeling needs, these designs have to accommodate varying requirements imposed by the domain needs and characteristics, target device and usage modality (such as phrase-based, or spontaneous free form interactions, with or without visual feedback) and huge spoken language variability arising due to socio-linguistic and cultural differences of the users. This paper, using case studies of creating speech translation systems between English and languages such as Pashto and Farsi, describes some of the practical issues and the solutions that were developed for multilingual ASR development. These include novel acoustic and language modeling strategies such as language adaptive recognition, active-learning based language modeling, class-based language models that can better exploit resource poor language data, efficient search strategies, including N-best and confidence generation to aid multiple hypotheses translation, use of dialog information and clever interface choices to facilitate ASR, and audio interface design for meeting both usability and robustness requirements
Synthesis of Glc1Man9‐Glycoprotein Probes by a Misfolding/Enzymatic Glucosylation/Misfolding Sequence (2016)

Abstract Glycoproteins in non‐native conformations are often toxic to cells and may cause diseases, thus the quality control (QC) system eliminates these unwanted species. Lectin chaperone calreticulin and glucosidase II, both of which recognize the Glc 1 Man 9 oligosaccharide on glycoproteins, are important components of the glycoprotein QC system. Reported herein is the preparation of Glc 1 Man 9 ‐glycoproteins in both native and non‐native conformations by using the following sequence: misfolding of chemically synthesized Man 9 ‐glycoprotein, enzymatic glucosylation, and another misfolding step. By using synthetic glycoprotein probes, calreticulin was found to bind preferentially to a hydrophobic non‐native glycoprotein whereas glucosidase II activity was not affected by glycoprotein conformation. The results demonstrate the ability of chemical synthesis to deliver homogeneous glycoproteins in several non‐native conformations for probing the glycoprotein QC system.
Silicon-based optical modulation within the HELIOS project (2011)

The HELIOS project is a European funded program which focuses on the development and integration of the different photonic and electronic building block components required to form high performance photonic circuits with a variety of functionality. One of the key photonic building block components central to most photonic applications is the optical modulator which is required to write data onto an optical carrier. Within the project two designs of carrier depletion based phase modulator are under development, together with a means of enhancing the modulation effect using slow wave and ring resonator based structures. In this work modulation results from the two phase shifters are presented along with passive results from related slow wave and resonator structures.
Health claims assessment in the field of joint and cartilage: a consensus viewpoint of the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (2012)

According to the methodology and biomarkers used in the study and whether or not additional animal studies are provided to support the claim, various health claims can be acceptable in the field of joint and cartilage health.
Potentiation of the Pressor Effect of Angiotensin II by Intraventricular Infusion of Hypertonic Saline (1988)

The effect of selective NaCl loading to the brain on the blood pressure regulation was examined in male Wistar rats. Hypertonic NaCl (0.8M, 1 microL/h) was infused for 7 days into the lateral ventricle (ICV) along with intravenous (IV) infusion of angiotensin II (AII) at a dose of 5.4 pmol/kg per minute. Although neither ICV hypertonic NaCl or IV AII infusion alone had any substantial pressor effect, concomitant administration of these resulted in a consistent and significant increase in the blood pressure on day 7 over the baseline value, amounting to 29 +/- 5 mm Hg (n = 9; P less than 0.001). Inasmuch as the increase in the BP was totally prevented by intraperitoneal injection of guanethidine (40 mg/day), hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system appears, at least in part, responsible for the BP elevation caused by the combination of ICV hypertonic NaCl and IV subpressor AII infusion.
Lower Bounds on Consensus (2016)

We derive lower bounds on the number of messages and the number of message delays required by a nonblocking fault-tolerant consensus algorithm, and we show that variants of the Paxos algorithm achieve those bounds. 1
Pulse shaping design for OFDM systems (2017)

Spectrally contained OFDM-based waveforms are considered key enablers for a flexible air interface design to support a broad range of services and frequencies as envisaged for 5G mobile systems. By allowing for the flexible configuration of physical layer parameters in response to diverse requirements, these waveforms enable the in-band coexistence of different services. One candidate from this category of waveforms is pulse-shaped OFDM, which follows the idea of subcarrier filtering while fully maintaining the compatibility with CP-OFDM. In this paper, we provide an overview of pulse shaping methods in OFDM systems and propose a new pulse-shaped design method with arbitrary length constraint and good time-frequency localization property. Based on the pulse design, we discuss different receiver realizations and present a criterion for pulse shape evaluation. In addition, the parameterizations of OFDM system to address diverse requirements of the services envisaged for the 5G systems are described. Link and system performance results for selected scenarios show that a proper design of the OFDM numerologies and pulse shapes could substantially improve the performance under time and frequency distortions. Furthermore, pulse-shaped OFDM is able to support asynchronous transmissions and reduce the signal sensitivity to Doppler distortions, rendering it beneficial for various applications from the context of vehicular communications and the Internet-of-things.
Reliability of basal plasma vasopressin concentrations in healthy male adults (2016)

Poor reliability of basal AVP concentrations suggests future work covarying AVP with trait markers should proceed with careful consideration of intraindividual fluctuations.
Nanoscale Structure and Morphology of Sulfonated Polyphenylenes via Atomistic Simulations (2017)

We performed atomistic simulations on a series of sulfonated polyphenylenes systematically varying the degree of sulfonation and water content to determine their effect on the nanoscale structure, particularly for the hydrophilic domains formed by the ionic groups and water molecules. We found that the local structure around the ionic groups depended on the sulfonation and hydration levels, with the sulfonate groups and hydronium ions less strongly coupled at higher water contents. In addition, we characterized the morphology of the ionic domains employing two complementary clustering algorithms. At low sulfonation and hydration levels, clusters were more elongated in shape and poorly connected throughout the system. As the degree of sulfonation and water content were increased, the clusters became more spherical, and a fully percolated ionic domain was formed. These structural details have important implications for ion transport.
fMPE: Discriminatively Trained Features for Speech Recognition (2006)

MPE (minimum phone error) is a previously introduced technique for discriminative training of HMM parameters. fMPE applies the same objective function to the features, transforming the data with a kernel-like method and training millions of parameters, comparable to the size of the acoustic model. Despite the large number of parameters, fMPE is robust to over-training. The method is to train a matrix projecting from posteriors of Gaussians to a normal size feature space, and then to add the projected features to normal features such as PLP. The matrix is trained from a zero start using a linear method. Sparsity of posteriors ensures speed in both training and test time. The technique gives similar improvements to MPE (around 10% relative). MPE on top of fMPE results in error rates up to 6.5% relative better than MPE alone, or more if multiple layers of transform are trained.
Improved Efficiency in Power Factor Correction Circuits with a pn-Gated SiC FET (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Expression of EPHRIN-A1, SCINDERIN and MHC class I molecules in head and neck cancers and relationship with the prognostic value of intratumoral CD8+T cells (2013)

These results highlight that molecules involved in cancer cell resistance to cytotoxic T lymphocytes by themselves are not a sufficient criteria for prognosis determination in cancer patients. Other intrinsic or tumor microenvironmental features should be considered in prognostic evaluation.
CMOS low-noise signal conditioning with a novel differential &#x201C;resistance to frequency&#x201D; converter for resistive sensor applications (2011)

This paper presents a novel CMOS signal conditioning circuit for various resistive sensor applications. The presented circuit provides on-chip differential frequency output representative of change in the input quantity being measured. The circuit includes two identical resistance-to-frequency (R-F) converter channels each with a sensor, a low-noise signal conditioning module and a voltage-controlled oscillator of which the output is coupled to the sensor part. One of the channels uses an unexposed sensor while the other uses an exposed sensor. The frequency difference between outputs of two channels is obtained by on-chip sampling technique. The complete circuit is designed and simulated in 180 nm UMC CMOS process. The entire design area is 360μm × 360 μm and average power consumption of the whole circuit is 850 μW while operating with 1.8V DC supply. It is shown that the circuit is insensitive to the first order temperature and environmental noise because frequency drift of two channels is canceled at the output of difference frequency generator. Simulation results show that sensitivity of 0.95Hz/ppm is achieved which matches calculated sensitivity of 1Hz/ppm. Accuracy of differential frequency measurement circuit is ±0.5Hz for frequency range of 5 KHz to 50KHz. Linearity error is 3.5 %.
Epigenetics for Crop Improvement in Times of Global Change (2021)

Epigenetics has emerged as an important research field for crop improvement under the on-going climatic changes. Heritable epigenetic changes can arise independently of DNA sequence alterations and have been associated with altered gene expression and transmitted phenotypic variation. By modulating plant development and physiological responses to environmental conditions, epigenetic diversity-naturally, genetically, chemically, or environmentally induced-can help optimise crop traits in an era challenged by global climate change. Beyond DNA sequence variation, the epigenetic modifications may contribute to breeding by providing useful markers and allowing the use of epigenome diversity to predict plant performance and increase final crop production. Given the difficulties in transferring the knowledge of the epigenetic mechanisms from model plants to crops, various strategies have emerged. Among those strategies are modelling frameworks dedicated to predicting epigenetically controlled-adaptive traits, the use of epigenetics for in vitro regeneration to accelerate crop breeding, and changes of specific epigenetic marks that modulate gene expression of traits of interest. The key challenge that agriculture faces in the 21st century is to increase crop production by speeding up the breeding of resilient crop species. Therefore, epigenetics provides fundamental molecular information with potential direct applications in crop enhancement, tolerance, and adaptation within the context of climate change.
Trabecular Metal Patella Implanted into Soft-Tissue in a Post-Patellectomized Knee A Case Report (2007)

Clinical performance and microscopic analysis of a porous tantalum patella, retrieved from a 34-year-old male patient eight months after implantation is reported. The patellar component was sectioned and microscopically analyzed to determine the extent and characteristics of the soft tissue ingrowth. The metallic tantalum represented 20 vol.% of the analyzed patellar component. Large and small spherical pores were identified. Only the large pores had tissue ingrowth, where 92% of the pores were filled with tissue. The interconnected characteristic of the large pores apparently aided the tissue ingrowth. Sixty-four percent of the entire volume had tissue ingrowth. Total ingrowth was to the extent of 80%. From the perspective of tissue ingrowth, the study supports the porous tantalum for clinical applications and warrants continued investigation. This is the first report of which the authors are aware that evaluates the extent of soft tissue ingrowth in a human retrieved trabecular metal patella.
Overexpression of CYP2J2 provides protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (2009)

Human cytochrome P-450 (CYP)2J2 is abundant in heart and active in biosynthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Recently, we demonstrated that these eicosanoid products protect myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study utilized transgenic (Tr) mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of human CYP2J2 to investigate protection toward toxicity resulting from acute (0, 5, or 15 mg/kg daily for 3 days, followed by 24-h recovery) or chronic (0, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg biweekly for 5 wk, followed by 2-wk recovery) doxorubicin (Dox) administration. Acute treatment resulted in marked elevations of serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels that were significantly greater in wild-type (WT) than CYP2J2 Tr mice. Acute treatment also resulted in less activation of stress response enzymes in CYP2J2 Tr mice (catalase 750% vs. 300% of baseline, caspase-3 235% vs. 165% of baseline in WT vs. CYP2J2 Tr mice). Moreover, CYP2J2 Tr hearts exhibited less Dox-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis (measured by TUNEL) compared with WT hearts. After chronic treatment, comparable decreases in body weight were observed in WT and CYP2J2 Tr mice. However, cardiac function, assessed by measurement of fractional shortening with M-mode transthoracic echocardiography, was significantly higher in CYP2J2 Tr than WT hearts after chronic Dox treatment (WT 37 +/- 2%, CYP2J2 Tr 47 +/- 1%). WT mice also had larger increases in beta-myosin heavy chain and cardiac ankryin repeat protein compared with CYP2J2 Tr mice. CYP2J2 Tr hearts had a significantly higher rate of Dox metabolism than WT hearts (2.2 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.50 ng.min(-1).100 microg protein(-1)). In vitro data from H9c2 cells demonstrated that EETs attenuated Dox-induced mitochondrial damage. Together, these data suggest that cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP2J2 limited Dox-induced toxicity.
Critical illness-related bone loss is associated with osteoclastic and angiogenic abnormalities (2012)

Critically ill patients are at increased risk of fractures during rehabilitation, and can experience impaired healing of traumatic and surgical bone fractures. In addition, markers of bone resorption are markedly increased in critically ill patients, while markers of bone formation are decreased. In the current study, we have directly investigated the effect of critical illness on bone metabolism and repair. In a human in vitro model of critical illness, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed an increase in circulating CD14+/CD11b+ osteoclast precursors in critically ill patient peripheral blood compared to healthy controls. In addition, the formation of osteoclasts was increased in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures compared to healthy controls, both in the presence and absence of osteoclastogenic factors receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Culturing PBMCs with 10% critically ill patient serum further increased osteoclast formation and activity in patient PBMCs only, and neutralization studies revealed that immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody signaling through the immunoreceptor Fc receptor common γ chain III (FcRγIII) played an important role. When analyzing bone formation, no differences in osteogenic differentiation were observed using human periosteal-derived cells (hPDCs) treated with patient serum in vitro, but a decrease in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGF-R1) suggested impaired vascularization. This was confirmed using serum-treated hPDCs implanted onto calcium phosphate scaffolds in a murine in vivo model of bone formation, where decreased vascularization and increased osteoclast activity led to a decrease in bone formation in scaffolds with patient serum-treated hPDCs. Together, these findings may help to define novel therapeutic targets to prevent bone loss and optimize fracture healing in critically ill patients.
Photo-modification of the optical response in metal-dielectric composite (2004)

In this talk we discuss the possibility of developing broadband low-pass filters, with windows of transparency in pre-set spectral ranges and high absorption in other spectral ranges. We propose to employ the unique optical properties of metal-dielectric composites near the percolation threshold pc for developing such filters. In the dc regime a metal-dielectric composite acts as a bulk dielectric when the metal concentration p is below pc. At p = pc the composite experiences an insulator-metal transition and it behaves as a conductor for p &gt; pc. Near the percolation threshold there are lots of metal clusters of different sizes and shapes. Exactly at p = pc a metal cluster of any scale can be found in the system because of the self-similarity, fractality, of the system at the transition point.
RS-SLAM: RANSAC sampling for visual FastSLAM (2011)

In this paper, we present our RS-SLAM algorithm for monocular camera where the proposal distribution is derived from the 5-point RANSAC algorithm and image feature measurement uncertainties instead of using the easily violated constant velocity model. We propose to do another RANSAC sampling within all the inliers that have the best RANSAC score to check for inlier misclassifications in the original correspondences and use all the hypotheses generated from these consensus sets in the proposal distribution. This is to mitigate data association errors (inlier misclassifications) caused by the observation that the consensus set from RANSAC that yields the highest score might not, in practice, contain all the true inliers due to noise on the feature measurements. Hypotheses which are less probable will eventually be eliminated in the particle filter resampling process. We also show in this paper that our monocular approach can be easily extended for stereo camera. Experimental results validate the potential of our approach.
Mutation rate dynamics reflect ecological change in an emerging zoonotic pathogen (2021)

Mutation rates vary both within and between bacterial species, and understanding what drives this variation is essential for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of bacterial populations. In this study, we investigate two factors that are predicted to influence the mutation rate: ecology and genome size. We conducted mutation accumulation experiments on eight strains of the emerging zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. Natural variation within this species allows us to compare tonsil carriage and invasive disease isolates, from both more and less pathogenic populations, with a wide range of genome sizes. We find that invasive disease isolates have repeatedly evolved mutation rates that are higher than those of closely related carriage isolates, regardless of variation in genome size. Independent of this variation in overall rate, we also observe a stronger bias towards G/C to A/T mutations in isolates from more pathogenic populations, whose genomes tend to be smaller and more AT-rich. Our results suggest that ecology is a stronger correlate of mutation rate than genome size over these timescales, and that transitions to invasive disease are consistently accompanied by rapid increases in mutation rate. These results shed light on the impact that ecology can have on the adaptive potential of bacterial pathogens.