gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bipolar Cu/HfO2/p++ Si Memristors by Sol-Gel Spin Coating Method and Their Application to Environmental Sensing (2019)

In this paper, the memristive switching behavior of Cu/ HfO<sub>2</sub>/p<sup>++</sup> Si devices fabricated by an organic-polymer-assisted sol-gel spin-coating method, coupled with post-annealing and shadow-mask metal sputtering steps, is examined. HfO<sub>2</sub> layers of about 190 nm and 80 nm, are established using cost-effective spin-coating method, at deposition speeds of 2000 and 4000 rotations per minute (RPM), respectively. For two types of devices, the memristive characteristics (V<sub>on</sub>, I<sub>on</sub>, and V<sub>reset</sub>) and device-to-device electrical repeatability are primarily discussed in correlation with the oxide layer uniformity and thickness. The devices presented in this work exhibit an electroforming free and bipolar memory-resistive switching behavior that is typical of an Electrochemical Metallization (ECM) I-V fingerprint. The sample devices deposited at 4000 RPM generally show less variation in electrical performance parameters compared to those prepared at halved spin-coating speed. Typically, the samples prepared at 4000 RPM (n = 8) display a mean switching voltage V<sub>on</sub> of 3.0 V (±0.3) and mean reset voltage V<sub>reset</sub> of -1.1 V (±0.5) over 50 consecutive sweep cycles. These devices exhibit a large R<sub>off</sub>/R<sub>on</sub> window (up to 10<sup>4</sup>), and sufficient electrical endurance and retention properties to be further examined for radiation sensing. As they exhibit less statistical uncertainty compared to the samples fabricated at 2000 RPM, the devices prepared at 4000 RPM are tested for the detection of soft gamma rays (emitted from low-activity Cs-137 and Am-241 radioactive sources), by assessing the variation in the on-state resistance value upon exposure. The analysis of the probability distributions of the logarithmic R<sub>on</sub> values measured over repeated ON-OFF cycles, before, during and after exposing the devices to radiation, demonstrate a statistical difference. These results pave the way for the fabrication and development of cost-effective soft-gamma ray detectors.
The double photodissociation of a geminal dichloride: Evidence for the stepwise formation of a diaryl carbene (1989)

Abstract Photolysis of dichlorodiphenylmethane in glassy 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran at 77 K results in the formation of diphenylcarbene and the diphenylchloromethyl radical, which were detected by their fluorescence emission and excitation spectra. The relative yields of the carbene and biradical are shown to vary dramatically as a function of photolysis time. The photolability of the diphenylchloromethyl radical is also demonstrated. These results were interpreted in terms of a two‐step mechanism, in which the diphenylchloromethyl radical is an intermediate in the formation of diphenylcarbene.
Efficient scheduling for multiple automated non-holonomic vehicles using a Coordinated Path Planner (2011)

Automated vehicles operating in warehouse environments are in need of an efficient scheduling and planning solution. This is motived by requirements to have high utilisation of resources and through-put of product. Current approaches used to solve the planning and scheduling problem, particularly with multiple vehicles have often been too limited in scope to address and attempt to optimise solutions. The approach presented here outlines a solution developed by INRO Technologies Limited using a shared Coordinated Path Planner and Scheduler module for all automated vehicles, observing non-holonomic constraints. This is combined with a heuristic to consider travel time and fuel use to select an optimum result for movements.
Gain peak wavelength measurements using a polarization scrambled fiber loop configuration (1994)

We present a quick and accurate method to measure the gain peak wavelength (GPW) of concatenated optical amplifiers in a long haul optical fiber communication system. This method utilizes a simple fiber-amplifier loop with polarization scrambling. We verify that the GPW of an amplifier is completely determined by the operating gain per unit erbium doped fiber length and changes linearly with compressed gain near 1.558 μm. The data presented, indicates how the GPW can be controlled for a broad range of operating gains by adjusting the erbium fiber length. The temperature and pump power dependence of GPW were found to be negligible for typical undersea system amplifier conditions. The gain bandwidth for concatenated amplifier systems appears to be a function of compression not operating gain, implying that wavelength division multiplexing systems requiring a flattened gain response should take this into consideration.
Pan-cancer analysis of tissue and single-cell HIF-pathway activation using a conserved gene signature (2022)

Activation of cellular hypoxia pathways, orchestrated by HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) transcription factors, is a common feature of multiple tumor types, resulting from microenvironment factors and oncogenic mutation. Although they help drive many of the "hallmarks" of cancer and are associated with poor outcome and resistance to therapy, the transcriptional targets of HIF vary considerably depending on the cell type. By integrating 72 genome-wide assays of HIF binding and transcriptional regulation from multiple cancer types, we define a consensus set of 48 HIF target genes that is highly conserved across cancer types and cell lineages. These genes provide an effective marker of HIF activation in bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses across a wide range of cancer types and in malignant and stromal cell types. This allows the tissue-orchestrated responses to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and to oncogenic HIF activation to be deconvoluted at the tumor and single-cell level.
A SPR Aptasensor for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 (2012)

Rapid and specific detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) is urgently needed due to the concerns over the potential outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza in animals and humans. Aptamers are artificial oligonucleic acids that can bind specific target molecules, and show comparable affinity for target viruses and better thermal stability than monoclonal antibodies. The objective of this research was to use a DNA-aptamer as the specific recognition element in a portable Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor for rapid detection of AIV H5N1 in poultry swab samples. A SPR biosensor was fabricated using selected aptamers that were biotinylated and then immobilized on the sensor gold surface coated with streptavidin via streptavidin-biotin binding. The immobilized aptamers captured AIV H5N1 in a sample solution, which caused an increase in the refraction index (RI). After optimizing the streptavidin and aptamer parameters, the results showed that the RI value was linearly related (R(2) = 0.99) to the concentration of AIV in the range of 0.128 to 1.28 HAU. Negligible signal (<4% of H5N1) was observed from six non-target AIV subtypes. The AIV H5N1 in poultry swab samples with concentrations of 0.128 to 12.8 HAU could be detected using this aptasensor in 1.5 h.
A novel M cell–specific carbohydrate-targeted mucosal vaccine effectively induces antigen-specific immune responses (2007)

Mucosally ingested and inhaled antigens are taken up by membranous or microfold cells (M cells) in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches or nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue. We established a novel M cell-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb NKM 16-2-4) as a carrier for M cell-targeted mucosal vaccine. mAb NKM 16-2-4 also reacted with the recently discovered villous M cells, but not with epithelial cells or goblet cells. Oral administration of tetanus toxoid (TT)- or botulinum toxoid (BT)-conjugated NKM 16-2-4, together with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin, induced high-level, antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and mucosal IgA responses. In addition, an oral vaccine formulation of BT-conjugated NKM 16-2-4 induced protective immunity against lethal challenge with botulinum toxin. An epitope analysis of NKM 16-2-4 revealed specificity to an alpha(1,2)-fucose-containing carbohydrate moiety, and reactivity was enhanced under sialic acid-lacking conditions. This suggests that NKM 16-2-4 distinguishes alpha(1,2)-fucosylated M cells from goblet cells containing abundant sialic acids neighboring the alpha(1,2) fucose moiety and from non-alpha(1,2)-fucosylated epithelial cells. The use of NKM 16-2-4 to target vaccine antigens to the M cell-specific carbohydrate moiety is a new strategy for developing highly effective mucosal vaccines.
d-Mannose-appended 5,15-diazaporphyrin for photodynamic therapy (2022)

5,15-Diazaporphyrin appended with D-mannose moieties was prepared through Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and S<sub>N</sub>2 alkylation. The resultant diazaporphyrin was hydrophilic enough to exhibit sufficient solubility in aqueous media. Because of the photosensitizing ability of diazaporphyrins, the <i>in vitro</i> activity of the D-mannose-appended diazaporphyrin in photodynamic therapy (PDT) was investigated. The specific internalization of the functionalized diazaporphyrin into human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells through mannose receptors was confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging. We also demonstrated the strong PDT activity of the functionalized diazaporphyrin at a nanomolar level with short light irradiation time.
Active tremor compensation in microsurgery (2005)

This work presents the development of an intelligent microsurgical instrument to perform real-time tremor compensation within a handheld tool. The intelligent instrument senses its own motion, distinguishes between voluntary and erroneous motion, and manipulates its tip to cancel the undesired component in real-time. The on-board sensing unit is made up of a magnetometer-aided all-accelerometer inertial measurement unit and sensor fusion is performed via a quaternion-based Kalman filtering. Tremor is modeled and filtered by an adaptive zero-phase notch filter. The intraocular shaft manipulator is a three DOF piezoelectric actuated mechanism driven by a feedforward controller with inverse rate-dependent hysteresis model. Laboratory experimental results of the system are presented.
Solution Conformations of Potent Bicyclic Antagonists of Oxytocin by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations (1997)

The solution conformations of two potent bicyclic antagonists [dPen1, cyclo(Glu4,Lys8)]OT were studied by a combined use of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy in DMSO and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. NMR data have suggested a model for the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the bicyclic analogues of OT (OT-BC) with a β-turn at the Tyr2 and Ile3 residues, and with a cis amide bond between Cys6 and Pro7. A 3D structure containing a type III β-turn at Tyr2-Ile3 has been shown to be consistent with NMR data. This structure was proposed as a model of the solution conformation of OT-BC and extensively tested by MD simulations with the AMBER force field. MD simulations at 300 K with NMR derived distance and φ torsion angle constraints demonstrated the consistency of this model with NMR data, and its stability was further demonstrated by non-constrained MD simulations. Dynamic properties of the 3D structure were explored by high-temperature MD at 500 K. Conformational transitions induced by a constrained rotation around the S−S bond revealed relatively low potential energy barriers (30 to 50 kJ/mol) between equilibrium left-handed and right-handed conformers of the disulfide bridge in OT-BC. A dynamic model of the solution structure of OT-BC with the relatively stable backbone conformation and a fast conformational equilibrium in the disulfide bridge and lactam bridge moieties was proposed as a result of the extensive MD simulations. The solution structure of OT-BC is consistent with structure−activity relations of peptide and non-peptide antagonists of OT. In particular, a β-turn at Tyr2-Ile3 seems to be the common feature responsible for antagonist interaction with the uterine receptor of OT. On the other hand, the 3D structure of OT-BC differs considerably from the crystal and solution structures of OT analogues with agonist activity. Therefore, this study supports the hypothesis of different modes of receptor binding for agonists and antagonists of OT. The model of 3D structure of OT-BC proposed in this study may be used as a template for the rational design of peptide and non-peptide antagonists of oxytocin.
Symmetry of [N–X–N]+halogen bonds in solution (2011)

The first investigation of halogen bond symmetry is presented. In contrast to related hydrogen bonds, the iodous halogen bond is symmetric in solution and in the crystal. The bromous analogue is symmetric in solution, but shows asymmetry in the solid state. NMR results are in agreement with DFT predictions.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from Angiopoietin-2 Functions as a Tie2 Agonist in Tumor Models, Where It Limits the Effects of VEGF Inhibition (2023)

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Bounded Vector Signatures and their Applications. (2011)

Although malleability is undesirable in traditional digital signatures, schemes with limited malleability properties enable interesting functionalities that may be impossible to obtain otherwise (e.g., homomorphic signatures). In this paper, we introduce a new malleable signature scheme called bounded vector signatures. The proposed scheme allows a user to sign a multi-dimensional vector of values, along with a description of the context within which the vector should be interpreted. The scheme includes a unique malleability property, which we refer to as the stretch property, that allows the components of the signed vector to be increased up to a pre-defined limit without access to the signing key. Decreasing these values, however, remains computationally infeasible. We prove the security of our construction under the strong RSA and decisional Diffie-Hellman assumptions in the random oracle model. Finally, we underscore the u-tility of bounded vector signatures by discussing their use in distributed systems security applications.
Telecom optical componentry: past, present, future (2001)

We review and contrast key technologies developed to address the optical components market for telecom applications. We first look at different material systems, compare their properties, and describe the functions achieved to date in each of them. The material systems reviewed include silica fiber, silica on silicon, silicon on insulator, silicon oxynitride, sol-gels, polymers, thin film dielectrics, lithium niobate, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, magneto-optic materials, and birefringent crystals. We then look at the most commonly used classes of technology and present their pros &amp; cons as well as the functions achieved to date in each. The technologies reviewed include passive, actuation, and active technologies. The passive technologies described include fused fibers, dispersion-compensating fiber, beam steering (e.g., AWG), Bragg gratings, diffraction gratings, holographic elements, thin film filters, photonic crystals, microrings, and birefringent elements. The actuation technologies include thermo-optics, electro-optics, acousto-optics, magneto-optics, liquid crystals, total internal reflection technologies (e.g., bubble technology), and mechanical actuation (e.g., moving fibers, MEMS). We finally describe active technologies including heterostructures, quantum wells, rare earth doping, Raman amplification, and semiconductor amplification. We also investigate the use of different material systems and technologies to achieve building block functions including lasers, amplifiers, detectors, modulators, polarization controllers, couplers, filters, switches, attenuators, non-reciprocal elements for isolators and circulators, wavelength converters, chromatic dispersion compensators, and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensators. Some of the technologies presented are established in the industry, others have recently been proven to be commercially viable, and some others are still under development in laboratories.
Cation Additive Enabled Rechargeable LiOH‐Based Lithium–Oxygen Batteries (2020)

Lithium-oxygen (Li-O<sub>2</sub> ) batteries have attracted extensive research interest due to their high energy density. Other than Li<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> (a typical discharge product in Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries), LiOH has proved to be electrochemically active as an alternative product. Here we report a simple strategy to achieve a reversible LiOH-based Li-O<sub>2</sub> battery by using a cation additive, sodium ions, to the lithium electrolyte. Without redox mediators in the cell, LiOH is detected as the sole discharge product and it charges at a low charge potential of 3.4 V. A solution-based reaction route is proposed, showing that the competing solvation environment of the catalyst and Li<sup>+</sup> leads to LiOH precipitation at the cathode. It is critical to tune the cell chemistry of Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries by designing a simple system to promote LiOH formation/decomposition.
Continuously adaptive linear predictive coding of speech (2003)

A continuously adaptive approach to speech encoding is presented. In contrast with other adaptation methods, it provides reliable modeling of the transition between two phonemes, and, unlike the usual block-stationary techniques, it eliminates the need to detect these transitions. Continuously adaptive linear predictive coding takes into account the inherent nonstationarity of the speech signal by using the expected minimum rate of change of the model parameters as a constraint in the recursive estimation of these parameters. The criterion considered is a constrained-least-squares cost functional which incorporates with equal weight all instantaneous errors up to the time of observation. An appropriate algorithm is given, and simulations are presented to illustrate the basic cost-performance tradeoffs involved in the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Creating and Managing Virtual Menus in Immersive Environments (1998)

Abstract A 3D menu, also called a virtual menu, is now an accepted method of interaction between the user and the computer in an immersive environment. It adds functionality and allows interactions that are usually difficult to specify through direct interaction. We present the design and methodology of a support system for 3D menu creation and interaction in an immersive environment. Three kinds of virtual menus are supported — a paddle, a static billboard, and a dynamic billboard. These are distinguished by different spatial presentation and interaction paradigms in the virtual environment. The integration of the support system into an immersive environment is presented in the context of engineering applications research at Washington State University. Problems encountered and future planned enhancements are also examined. A clean separation between the virtual menu support system and the application in which the virtual menu will be created and displayed has been maintained.
Acis-Octahedral Dichloro Complex of FeIIIwith a Tetradentate Dipyridyl–Diamino Ligand (1997)

In [N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-propandiamine-N,N',N′′,N′′′]dichloroiron(III) perchlorate, [FeCl2(C15H20N4)][ClO4, the linear tetradentate ligand adopts the cis-β configuration which provides a favourable geometry for the six-membered chelate ring. The Fe—N distances show lengthening from the trans-influence of the chloride ligands with Fe—Npy values of 2.152 (3) and 2.179 (3) Å and Fe—Namine distances of 2.141 (4) and 2.178 (4) Å.
Synthesis of Biologically Active Amines via Rhodium—Bisphosphite‐Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The electron-phonon relaxation time in thin superconducting titanium nitride films (2013)

We report on the direct measurement of the electron-phonon relaxation time, τeph, in disordered TiN films. Measured values of τeph are from 5.5 ns to 88 ns in the 4.2 to 1.7 K temperature range and consistent with a T−3 temperature dependence. The electronic density of states at the Fermi level N0 is estimated from measured material parameters. The presented results confirm that thin TiN films are promising candidate-materials for ultrasensitive superconducting detectors.
DS-CDMA Downlink Site Diversity with Frequency-Domain Equalization and Antenna Diversity Reception (2007)

The use of frequency-domain equalization based on minimum mean square error criterion (called MMSE-FDE) can significantly improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of DS-CDMA signal transmission compared to the well-known coherent rake combining. However, in a DS-CDMA cellular system, as a mobile user moves away from a base station and approaches the cell edge, the received signal power gets weaker and the interference from other cells becomes stronger, thereby degrading the transmission performance. To improve the transmission performance of a user close to the cell edge, the well-known site diversity can be used in conjunction with FDE. In this paper, we consider DS-CDMA downlink site diversity with FDE. The MMSE site diversity combining weight is theoretically derived for joint FDE and antenna diversity reception and the downlink capacity is evaluated by computer simulation. It is shown that the larger downlink capacity can be achieved with FDE than with coherent rake combining. It is also shown that the DS-CDMA downlink capacity is almost the same as MC-CDMA downlink capacity.
Phase Transition Behavior of MgMn2O4 Spinel Oxide Cathode during Magnesium Ion Insertion (2021)

The 3d transition metal oxides with a spinel structure are among the most promising cathode materials for magnesium batteries. In this study, we investigated the reaction mechanism of magnesium ion insertion for magnesium spinel oxides, MgMn2O4, by electrochemical measurements, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld analysis. Open-circuit-potential and XAS measurements showed that Mg2+ insertion into MgMn2O4 does not proceed via a simple two-phase coexistence reaction between the spinel and rock-salt phases. Synchrotron XRD measurements showed that Mg2+ insertion into MgMn2O4 involves crystal structural changes in three stages. In the early stage of the Mg2+ insertion process (0 < x < 0.2), Mg2+ is inserted into the spinel (MgMn2O4) phase and rock-salt (Mg1.2Mn2O4) phases, which are included in the pristine samples, without significant volume changes. In the middle stage of the Mg2+ insertion process (0.2 < x < 0.4), Mg2+ is inserted into the Mg1+αMn2O4 spinel phase and the Mg2−βMn2O4 rock-salt phases with a large volume change. In the last stage of Mg2+ insertion process (0.4 < x < 0.56), Mg2+ insertion proceeds via a two-phase coexistence reaction between Mg1.4Mn2O4 spinel and Mg1.6Mn2O4 rock-salt phases without Mg content changes in either phase. The phase transition from the Mg1+αMn2O4 spinel phase to the Mg2−βMn2O4 rock-salt phase with a large volume change resulted in significant polarization during the Mg2+ insertion process. Suppressing the phase transition, accompanied by a large volume change, is important in designing a spinel oxide cathode with a high rate performance.
Clinicopathologic manifestations of early‐onset endometrial cancer in Japanese women with a familial predisposition to cancer (2005)

This study found that these two types of early-onset endometrial cancer are clinicopathologically different. In patients with a family history of cancer, their body mass index was lower, and the frequency of G2 and G3 carcinoma was significantly higher, but their 5-year disease-free survival rate was not significantly lower.