gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Effects of Frequent In–Center Hemodialysis (2015)

The Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial randomized 245 patients to receive six (frequent) or three (conventional) in-center hemodialysis sessions per week for 12 months. As reported previously, frequent in-center hemodialysis yielded favorable effects on the coprimary composite outcomes of death or change in left ventricular mass and death or change in self-reported physical health. Here, we determined the long-term effects of the 12-month frequent in-center hemodialysis intervention. We determined the vital status of patients over a median of 3.6 years (10%-90% range, 1.5-5.3 years) after randomization. Using an intention to treat analysis, we compared the mortality hazard in randomized groups. In a subset of patients from both groups, we reassessed left ventricular mass and self-reported physical health a year or more after completion of the intervention; 20 of 125 patients (16%) randomized to frequent hemodialysis died during the combined trial and post-trial observation periods in contrast to 34 of 120 patients (28%) randomized to conventional hemodialysis. The relative mortality hazard for frequent versus conventional hemodialysis was 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.93); with censoring of time after kidney transplantation, the relative hazard was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.99). Bayesian analysis suggested a relatively high probability of clinically significant benefit and a very low probability of harm with frequent hemodialysis. In conclusion, a 12-month frequent in-center hemodialysis intervention significantly reduced long-term mortality, suggesting that frequent hemodialysis may benefit selected patients with ESRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Steric Control of Electronic Effects in Diacetylated Nickel(II) Schiff Base Complexes. (1987)

Abstract X‐Ray structural analysis, electrochemistry, 13 C NMR and IR spectroscopy of the diacetylated Schiff base complexes (Ia) (space group P2 1 /c, Z = 8) and (Ib) (C2/c, Z=4) are reported.
A comparison of radome‐ and astrodome‐enclosed large radio telescopes at millimeter wavelengths: The Large Millimeter Telescope (1999)

We present a systematic comparison of the main figures of merit for an open‐air radio telescope and two different types of enclosed antennas: (1) an ordinary radome, with a metal space frame providing the required mechanical rigidity and a dielectric membrane, and (2) an “astrodome,” i.e., a corotating rigid dome with a large window covered by a tensile membrane structure. The analysis is limited to submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths and large (≳30 m) antenna/enclosure systems, where the window tensile structure is very unlikely to be removable and is supported by either a metal space frame or cable networks. As compared with previous studies of this type, here we concentrate on the specific effects that these large metallic support structures have on sensitive astronomical observations. In particular, we critically discuss how the wind‐induced random motions of the metal space frame can limit the sensitivity of continuum observations, as a result of fluctuating shadowing and spillover effects combined with various beam‐chopping techniques. Using the Large Millimeter Telescope as a benchmark, we provide baselines for future projects where a similar comparison is needed.
Epitope mapping of the gastrin‐releasing peptide/anti‐bombesin monoclonal antibody complex by proteolysis followed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (1994)

We have developed a method to rapidly identify the antigenic determinant for an antibody using in situ proteolysis of an immobilized antigen-antibody complex followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF). A mouse anti-bombesin monoclonal antibody was immobilized to agarose beads and then the antigen, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), was allowed to bind. Direct analysis of the immobilized antigen-antibody complex by MALDI/TOF is demonstrated and allows identification of ca. 1 pmol of the bound GRP. To identify the epitope, the immobilized antigen-antibody complex was subjected to proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, and aminopeptidase M. Following proteolysis, the part of the antigen in contact with the antibody and protected from proteolysis was identified directly by MALDI/TOF. Subsequently, the epitope was eluted from the immobilized antibody with 0.1 M glycine buffer (pH 2.3), separated by reversed-phase HPLC, and its identity confirmed by MALDI/TOF. Using this approach, the epitope for the anti-bombesin monoclonal antibody was shown to comprise the last 7-8 residues (HWAVGHLM-NH2) of GRP.
Wavelength-modulation laser hygrometer for ultrasensitive detection of water vapor in semiconductor gases (2001)

Water vapor is measured by use of a near-infrared diode laser and wavelength-modulation absorption spectroscopy. Humidity levels as low as 5 nmol/mol [1 nmol/mol = 1 ppb (1 ppb equals 1 part in 10(9))] of water vapor in air are measured with a sensitivity of better than 0.2 nmol/mol (3varsigma). The sensitivity, linearity, and stability of the technique are determined in experiments conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, by use of the low frost-point humidity generator over the range from 5 nmol/mol to 2.5 mumol/mol of water vapor in air. The pressure-broadening coefficients for water broadened by helium [0.0199(6) cm(-1) atm(-1) HWHM] and by hydrogen chloride [0.268(6) cm(-1) atm(-1) HWHM] are reported for the water line at 1392.5 nm.
Mapping of single donors in nano-scale MOSFETs at low temperature (2012)

Using low temperature measurements we have been able to identify the influence of only about five donors in the channel the channel of an ultra-scaled MOSFET as the source of an anomalously low room temperature threshold voltage and large sub-threshold slope. Further we observe the influence of these dopants on the low temperature threshold voltage shift as a function of applied back gate voltage. The understanding of this behavior allows us to identify resonant tunneling mediated by a single donor in the channel of a doped channel device and we show that the back gate strongly modifies the tunnel coupling. These results give new insights in dopant transport in ultra-scaled MOSFETs, which is relevant for conventional device characteristics as well as for new dopant-based device architectures.
Monitoring coccidia in commercial broiler chicken flocks in Ontario: comparing oocyst cycling patterns in flocks using anticoccidial medications or live vaccination (2020)

Coccidiosis, the parasitic disease caused by Eimeria spp., is controlled during broiler chicken production through the inclusion of in-feed anticoccidial medications. Live-coccidiosis vaccination has become an increasingly common alternative to these medications. Monitoring infections with Eimeria spp. in flocks can be accomplished through determining the concentration of oocysts excreted in the fecal material (i.e., oocysts per gram; OPG). The purpose of our study was to sample commercial Ontario broiler chicken flocks at various times of the year to determine weekly OPG counts for flocks that use either an in-feed anticoccidial medication or a live-coccidiosis vaccine. Weekly sampling of 95 flocks from placement to market permitted documentation of oocyst cycling patterns typical of conventional and antibiotic-free flocks, and variation of these patterns in summer and winter. Medicated flocks had higher and later peak oocyst shedding compared with vaccinated flocks. Flocks reared in the summer peaked in oocyst shedding earlier than flocks reared in the winter. Despite what appears to be poorer coccidiosis control in the medicated flocks, the performance data were similar for these flocks compared with vaccinated flocks. This is the first study describing typical patterns of parasite shedding in Ontarian commercial broiler chicken flocks; these data will provide a baseline of expected Eimeria spp. infections in Canadian broiler chicken flocks to ensure optimal coccidiosis prevention.
Sulfur cathode hosted in porous organic polymeric matrices (2023)

A composite material includes a porous organic polymer and an electrochemically active material, wherein the porous organic polymer contains a plurality of pores having a diameter of from about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm, and the electrochemically active material is disposed within the pores.
Removable fluid-containing chamber for in vivo guinea pig skin studies. (1982)

A removable, fluid-tight chamber is discussed that may be used to measure ion flux through the skin. This chamber adheres to clipped guinea pig skin with the use of silicone rubber adhesive, where hair stubble facilitates attachment. The technique also should work well for other hairy species. Experiments may be performed on hairless skin provided the adhesive is incompletely cured and the chamber is held in place by a strap.
A Facile Synthesis of Cyclopenta[d][1,2]oxazines Through [6 + 4] Cycloaddition Reaction. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From Complex System Analysis to Pattern Recognition: Experimental Assessment of an Unsupervised Feature Extraction Method Based on the Relevance Index Metrics (2019)

The so-called Relevance Index (RI) metrics are a set of recently-introduced indicators based on information theory principles that can be used to analyze complex systems by detecting the main interacting structures within them. Such structures can be described as subsets of the variables which describe the system status that are strongly statistically correlated with one another and mostly independent of the rest of the system. The goal of the work described in this paper is to apply the same principles to pattern recognition and check whether the RI metrics can also identify, in a high-dimensional feature space, attribute subsets from which it is possible to build new features which can be effectively used for classification. Preliminary results indicating that this is possible have been obtained using the RI metrics in a supervised way, i.e., by separately applying such metrics to homogeneous datasets comprising data instances which all belong to the same class, and iterating the procedure over all possible classes taken into consideration. In this work, we checked whether this would also be possible in a totally unsupervised way, i.e., by considering all data available at the same time, independently of the class to which they belong, under the hypothesis that the peculiarities of the variable sets that the RI metrics can identify correspond to the peculiarities by which data belonging to a certain class are distinguishable from data belonging to different classes. The results we obtained in experiments made with some publicly available real-world datasets show that, especially when coupled to tree-based classifiers, the performance of an RI metrics-based unsupervised feature extraction method can be comparable to or better than other classical supervised or unsupervised feature selection or extraction methods.
Reaction rate kinetics for in situ combustion retorting of Michigan Antrim oil shale (1984)

Resume d'une communication consacree a l'etude par thermogravimetrie des cinetiques de reaction pour la pyrolyse du schiste bitumineux Antrim et de l'oxydation du residu de distillation de ce schiste
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of the Asymmetric Dinuclear Dioxo Complex C5Me5(CO)3W‐W(O)2C5Me5 with Cl2, Br2, I2, HCl, CF3COOH, NOCl, NO, and Air. Molecular Structure of C5Me5W(CO)2Br3. (1989)

Abstract The W‐W bond in the dinuclear complex (I) is oxidized by halogens to produce the mononuclear complexes (II) and (III), while hydrochloric acid reacts with (I), yielding the four‐membered ring (IV).
Finite mixtures of matrix-variate Poisson-log normal distributions for three-way count data (2018)

Three-way data structures, characterized by three entities, the units, the variables and the occasions, are frequent in biological studies. In RNA sequencing, three-way data structures are obtained when high-throughput transcriptome sequencing data are collected for $n$ genes across $p$ conditions at $r$ occasions. Matrix variate distributions offer a natural way to model three-way data and mixtures of matrix variate distributions can be used to cluster three-way data. Clustering of gene expression data is carried out as means of discovering gene co-expression networks. In this work, a mixture of matrix variate Poisson-log normal distributions is proposed for clustering read counts from RNA sequencing. By considering the matrix variate structure, full information on the conditions and occasions of the RNA sequencing dataset is simultaneously considered, and the number of covariance parameters to be estimated is reduced. We propose three different frameworks for parameter estimation: a Markov chain Monte Carlo based approach, a variational Gaussian approximation based approach, and a hybrid approach. Various information criteria are used for model selection. The models are applied to both real and simulated data, and we demonstrate that the proposed approaches can recover the underlying cluster structure in both cases. In simulation studies where the true model parameters are known, our proposed approach shows good parameter recovery.
STAT3 and STAT5B Mutations in T/NK-Cell Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders of Large Granular Lymphocytes (LGL): Association with Disease Features (2020)

<i>STAT3</i> and <i>STAT5B</i> (<i>STAT3/STAT5B</i>) mutations are the most common mutations in T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) and chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of NK cells (CLPD-NK), but their clinical impact remains unknown. We investigated the frequency and type of <i>STAT3/STAT5B</i> mutations in FACS-sorted populations of expanded T/NK-LGL from 100 (82 clonal; 6 oligoclonal; 12 polyclonal) patients, and its relationship with disease features. Seventeen non-LGL T-CLPD patients and 628 age-matched healthy donors were analyzed as controls. <i>STAT3</i> (<i>n</i> = 30) and <i>STAT5B</i> (<i>n</i> = 1) mutations were detected in 28/82 clonal T/NK-LGLL patients (34%), while absent (0/18, 0%) among oligoclonal/polyclonal LGL-lymphocytosis. Mutations were found across all diagnostic subgroups: TCD8<sup>+</sup>-LGLL, 36%; CLPD-NK, 38%; TCD4<sup>+</sup>-LGLL, 7%; Tαβ<sup>+</sup>DP-LGLL, 100%; Tαβ<sup>+</sup>DN-LGLL, 50%; Tγδ<sup>+</sup>-LGLL, 44%. <i>STAT3</i>-mutated T-LGLL/CLPD-NK showed overall reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) blood counts of most normal leukocyte subsets, with a higher rate (vs. nonmutated LGLL) of neutropenia (<i>p</i> = 0.04), severe neutropenia (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and cases requiring treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), together with a shorter time-to-therapy (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), particularly in non-Y640F <i>STAT3-</i>mutated patients. These findings confirm and extend on previous observations about the high prevalence of <i>STAT3</i> mutations across different subtypes of LGLL, and its association with a more marked decrease of all major blood-cell subsets and a shortened time-to-therapy.
Data for "All Topological Bands of All Non-Magnetic Stoichiometric Materials" (2022)

Additional material for the article "All topological bands of all nonmagnetic stoichiometric materials”, published in Science on 20 May 2022.
Overexpression of murine fizzy-related (fzr) increases natural killer cell–mediated cell death and suppresses tumor growth (2000)

Fizzy-related (fzr) is a recently identified 7WD domain family member implicated in cell cycle regulation of Drosophila and yeast. In this study, the murine homologue of fzr was isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization as a gene with decreased expression during malignant progression of a murine B-lymphoma cell line. Retroviral overexpression of fzr in B-lymphoma cells reduced tumor formation. Those tumors that did arise had diminished or extinguished retroviral Fzr. Surprisingly, fzr overexpression dramatically increased B-lymphoma cell susceptibility to natural killer cell (NK) cytotoxicity, a host-resistant mechanism for tumor formation in this model system. These findings implicate fzr as a new category of genes suppressing B-cell tumorigenesis and suggest a novel role for fzr in the target cell interaction with NK cells.
Revisiting Silicalite-1 Nucleation in Clear Solution by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2017)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to detect and investigate nucleation in silicalite-1 clear solutions. Although zeolite nucleation was previously assumed to be a step event, inducing a sharp discontinuity around a Si/OH<sup>-</sup> ratio of 1, complex bulk conductivity measurements at elevated temperatures reveal a gradual decay of conductivity with increased silicon concentrations. Inverse Laplace transformation of the complex conductivity allows the observation of the chemical exchange phenomena governing nanoaggregate formation. At low temperatures, the fast exchange between dissociated ions and ion pairs leads to a gradual decay of conductivity with an increasing silicon content. Upon heating, the exchange rate is slower and the residence time of ion pairs inside of the nanoaggregates is increasing, facilitating the crystallization process. This results in a bilinear chemical exchange and gives rise to the discontinuity at the Si/OH<sup>-</sup> ratio of 1, as observed by Fedeyko et al. EIS allows the observation of slow chemical exchange processes occurring in zeolite precursors. Until now, such processes could be observed only using techniques such as nuclear magnetic or electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, EIS enables the quantification of interfacial processes via the double layer (DL) capacitance. The electrical DL thickness, derived from the DL capacitance, shows a similar gradual decay and confirms that the onset of nanoaggregate formation is indeed not narrowly defined.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Human Endogenous Retrovirus Families in Human Leukemia and Lymphoma Cell Lines and Stem Cells (2021)

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are becoming more and more relevant in cancer research and might be potential targets. The oncogenic potential of human ERVs (HERVs) has been recognized and includes immunosuppression, cell fusion, antigenicity of viral proteins, and regulation of neighboring genes. To decipher the role of HERVs in human cancers, we used a bioinformatics approach and analyzed RNA sequencing data from the LL-100 panel, covering 22 entities of hematopoietic neoplasias including T cell, B cell and myeloid malignancies. We compared HERV expression in this panel with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and normal blood cells. RNA sequencing data were mapped against a comprehensive synthetic viral metagenome with 116 HERV sequences from 14 different HERV families. Of these, 13 HERV families and elements were differently expressed in malignant hematopoietic cells and stem cells. We found transcriptional upregulation of HERVE family in acute megakaryocytic and erythroid leukemia and of HERVFc family in multiple myeloma/plasma cell leukemia (PCL). The HERVFc member HERVFc-1 was found transcriptionally active in the multiple myeloma cell line OPM-2 and also in the Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L-428. The expression of HERVFc-1 in L-428 cells was validated by qRT-PCR. We also confirm transcriptional downregulation of ERV3 in acute megakaryocytic and erythroid leukemia, and HERVK in acute monocytic and myelocytic leukemia and a depression of HERVF in all malignant entities. Most of the higher expressed HERV families could be detected in stem cells including HERVK (HML-2), HERV-like, HERVV, HERVT, ERV9, HERVW, HERVF, HERVMER, ERV3, HERVH and HERVPABLB.
Beyond Tristimulus Color Vision with Perovskite-Based Multispectral Sensors (2022)

In this study, optical multispectral sensors based on perovskite semiconductors have been proposed, simulated, and characterized. The perovskite material system combined with the 3D vertical integration of the sensor channels allow for realizing sensors with high sensitivities and a high spectral resolution. The sensors can be applied in several emerging areas, including biomedical imaging, surveillance, complex motion planning of autonomous robots or vehicles, artificial intelligence, and agricultural applications. The sensor elements can be vertically integrated on a readout electronic to realize sensor arrays and multispectral digital cameras. In this study, three- and six-channel vertically stacked perovskite sensors are optically designed, electromagnetically simulated, and colorimetrically characterized to evaluate the color reproduction. The proposed sensors allow for the implementation of snapshot cameras with high sensitivity. The proposed sensor is compared to other sensor technologies in terms of sensitivity and selectivity.
Growth optimization and characterization of regular arrays of GaAs/AlGaAs core/shell nanowires for tandem solar cells on silicon (2018)

With a band gap value of 1.7 eV, Al<sub>0.2</sub>Ga<sub>0.8</sub>As is one of the ideal III-V alloys for the development of nanowire-based Tandem Solar Cells on silicon. Nevertheless, growing self-catalysed AlGaAs nanowires on silicon by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy is a very difficult task due to the oxidation of Al adatoms by the SiO<sub>2</sub> layer present on the surface. Here we propose a nanowire structure including a p.i.n radial junction inside an Al<sub>0.2</sub>Ga<sub>0.8</sub>As shell grown on a p-GaAs core. The crystalline structure of such self-catalysed nanowires grown on an epi-ready Si(111) substrate (with a thin native SiO<sub>2</sub> layer) was investigated by transmission electronic microscopy and photoluminescence. I(V) measurements performed on single nanowires have shown a diode-like behaviour corresponding to the radial p.i.n junction inside the Al<sub>0.2</sub>Ga<sub>0.8</sub>As shell. Moreover, a current generation under the electron beam was evidenced over the entire radial junction along the nanowires by means of electron beam induced current (EBIC) microscopy. The same structure was reproduced on patterned substrates with a SiO<sub>2</sub> mask, producing an ordered hexagonal array. High and uniform yields from 83% to 87% of vertical nanowires were obtained on 0.9 × 0.9 cm<sup>2</sup> patterned areas. EBIC mapping performed on these nanowires confirmed the good electrical properties of the radial junction within the nanowires.
Case report: A persistently expanded T cell response in an exceptional responder to radiation and atezolizumab for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (2022)

Most patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) do not achieve a durable remission after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we report the clinical history of an exceptional responder to radiation and anti-program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody, atezolizumab, for metastatic NSCLC who remains in a complete remission more than 8 years after treatment. Sequencing of the patient's T cell repertoire from a metastatic lesion and the blood before and after anti-PD-L1 treatment revealed oligoclonal T cell expansion. Characterization of the dominant T cell clone, which comprised 10% of all clones and increased 10-fold in the blood post-treatment, revealed an activated CD8<sup>+</sup> phenotype and reactivity against 4 HLA-A2 restricted neopeptides but not viral or wild-type human peptides, suggesting tumor reactivity. We hypothesize that the patient's exceptional response to anti-PD-L1 therapy may have been achieved by increased tumor immunogenicity promoted by pre-treatment radiation therapy as well as long-term persistence of oligoclonal expanded circulating T cells.