gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An interval-valued computation methodology for statistical retrofitting of existing circuit and technology cad tools (2006)

As semiconductor technology advances into nanoscale, accommodating manufacturing variations has become an important design issue. Correlated affine interval representations of range uncertainty offer an attractive solution to approximating computations on statistical quantities. The key idea is to use finite affine intervals to approximate the essential mass of a probability density function (pdf) as it moves through numerical operators; the resulting compact interval-valued solution can be easily interpreted as a statistical distribution and efficiently sampled. This dissertation proposes a general and flexible interval-valued computation methodology for statistical retrofitting of existing circuit and technology computer-aided design (CAD) tools to accommodate semiconductor manufacturing variations. Starting from the original affine model, we develop a template-based affine interval model to bring statistics into affine arithmetic, with accuracy and efficiency empirically verified. Then we investigate various issues and solutions associated with deploying the affine model in interval-valued statistical algorithms. We demonstrate in the circuit CAD domain how to re-target classical interconnect analysis algorithms---asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE), passive reduced-order interconnect macromodeling algorithm (PRIMA), and their path-tracing based formulation: Rapid Interconnect Circuit Evaluation (RICE)---to statistical model order reductions and distributions. We further apply this methodology to statistical modeling of chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) step in the domain of technology CAD for manufacturability. Compared with straightforward Monte Carlo simulation, various statistical circuit and technology CAD tools achieve 10X-100X speedup with accuracy to within 1-10%. Overall, the proposed interval-valued computation methodology provides a viable alternative for quickly and effectively developing statistical CAD tools to handle increasing manufacturing variations.
Experimental evaluations on carrier aggregation and multi-user MIMO associated with EVD-based CSI feedback for LTE-Advanced downlink (2011)

This paper presents laboratory experimental results on 4-by-2 multi-user (MU)-MIMO multiplexing with two mobile stations (MSs) in the LTE-Advanced downlink in combination with carrier aggregation (CA) using 5 component carriers (CCs). Extended channel state information (CSI) feedback functionality based on eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) is implemented into real-time experimental equipment based on the LTE-Advanced radio interface to support MU-MIMO operations applying minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based precoding. Laboratory experiments are conducted assuming a multi-path fading environment based on different antenna configurations. The experimental results show that 4-by-2 MU-MIMO with two data streams per MS achieves a peak throughput of greater than 950 Mbps, i.e., nearly 1 Gbps, in a correlated antenna configuration scenario when the maximum Doppler frequency is 10 Hz and the propagation channel model with the root mean squared delay spread is 0.3 μsec. The results also show that, high throughput performance such as greater than 750 Mbps for 4-by-2 MU-MIMO with two data streams per MS is achieved even in a non-correlated antenna configuration scenario although the environment is limited to low mobility and a small delay spread.
Abstract IA05: ctDNA and MRD in colorectal cancer: Time to reinvent adjuvant clinical trials (2020)

Abstract The most substantial opportunity for improving cancer survival outcomes is in the setting of early-stage disease, where evidence indicates that adjuvant chemotherapy can reduce recurrence and prevent cancer-related death through the eradication of minimal residual disease. However, the current stage-based treatment approach lacks precision and has quite a modest survival impact. A powerful prognostic marker could revolutionize adjuvant therapy by (i) better defining the recurrence risk of individual patients and allowing delivery of a more personalized treatment approach and (ii) enriching studies of new therapies with high-risk patients, substantially reducing the size and cost of adjuvant therapy trials. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising noninvasive biomarker, with the ability to detect minimal residual disease following curative intent treatment in early-stage colorectal cancer. I will discuss the potential clinical utilities of ctDNA in early-stage colorectal cancer, including ongoing biomarker-driven adjuvant randomized trials. Citation Format: Jeanne Tie, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Kenneth Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Peter Gibbs. ctDNA and MRD in colorectal cancer: Time to reinvent adjuvant clinical trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Highly Emissive Supramolecular Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) Dendrimers (2003)

pi-Conjugated oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (OPV) guest molecules for interaction with dendritic hosts were synthesized and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF-MS, elemental analysis and optical measurements. The binding properties of the five different OPV guests to a N,N-bis[(3-adamantyl ureido) propyl] methylamine host have been investigated. The guests that contained an aryl urea glycine spacer were bound with the highest association constant. Subsequently, an adamantyl urea modified fifth generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer was synthesized as a multivalent host which contains 32 N,N-bis[(3-adamantyl ureido) propyl] amine binding sites. Size exclusion chromatography showed that 32 of the OPV guests strongly bind to the fifth generation adamantyl functionalized dendritic host. In the case of the supramolecular dendritic host/guest system smooth homogeneous thin films could be obtained by spin coating. The dendritic guest-host complexes showed a significantly higher emission upon binding then that of the individual molecules due to the three-dimensional orientation of the OPV guest molecules. In the solid state, this enhancement in luminescence was a factor of 10. The pi-conjugated oligomers are less aggregated in the supramolecular assemblies presumably because of a shielding effect of the bulky adamantyl units present in the hosts.
Signal Transduction through Interleukin-5 Receptors (1989)

The B-cell response to an antigen is regulated by helper T cells specific for the same antigenic molecule. Helper T cells recognize antigen in the context of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on accessory cells and/or B cells and secrete B-cell stimulatory factors (BSFs), which can induce B-cell growth and differentiation (for review, see Howard and Paul 1983; Kishimoto 1985; Takatsu 1988).
Cytotoxicity of Mycobacterium indicus pranii on Mia-Pa-Ca2 cells (2017)

MIP is a cultivable, non-pathogenic organism, which shares several antigens with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. It has several proposed clinical applications. However, its cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer has not been documented. Hence, the study was conducted to investigate MIP induced cytotoxicity on Mia-Pa-Ca2 cells. To determine the cytotoxic potential of heat killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro along with gemcitabine & 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) level was also studied post MIP treatment. Cytotoxic effect of MIP, gemcitabine and 5-FU on Mia-Pa-Ca2 cells was determined. We have analyzed extent of apoptosis using flow cytometry and changes in p38 levels, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) using ELISA. MIP not only exhibits cell cytotoxicity in dose dependent manner, but also enhances efficacy of gemcitabine and 5-FU when used in combination. Flow cytometry analyses reveals apoptosis of Mia-Pa-Ca2 cells post MIP treatment compared to untreated cells. MAPK pathway study using ELISA shows that p38 and JNK levels are suppressed while there is no change in ERK level. With these results we conclude that MIP is a cytotoxic agent. Cytotoxicity is exhibited by apoptosis. Combining MIP with gemcitabine and 5-FU shows synergistic effect.
Overall survival (OS) and biomarker results from combat: A phase 2 study of bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) plus nivolumab for patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2022)

5064 Background: During BAT, intramuscular (IM) administration of testosterone (T) results in rapid cycling of serum T from supraphysiologic to near-castrate levels in men with mCRPC. In a retrospective study, clinical responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in mCRPC patients (pts) previously treated with BAT were observed. Here, we report the OS and biomarker results of a Phase 2 study in mCRPC pts treated with BAT in combination with nivolumab (COMBAT; NCT03554317). Methods: This was a multi-center, single arm, open label Phase 2 study in mCRPC pts who received T cypionate 400mg IM (BAT) every 28 days plus nivolumab 480mg IV every 28 days. Pts initially received BAT alone for a 12-week period, prior to the addition of nivolumab. Eligible pts were those with asymptomatic mCRPC who had soft tissue metastases amenable to biopsy, and who progressed on at least one prior novel AR targeted therapy (and up to one prior chemo for mCRPC). The primary endpoint was confirmed PSA 50 response. OS and radiographic progression free survival (rPFS) were key secondary endpoints. All pts underwent baseline metastatic biopsies, and 24 had a second biopsy after 12 weeks of BAT. Semi-quantitative IHC (for AR, Ki67, MYC, PTEN, TP53, RB1) was performed on 24 paired biopsies, of which 15 pairs were also evaluable for RNA (whole transcriptome) sequencing. Results: 45 pts were enrolled. As previously reported, the PSA 50 response was 40% (18/45, 95% CI: 26-56%, P=0.02 against the 25% null hypothesis), and median rPFS was 5.6 (95% CI: 4.4–6.0) months. After a median follow-up of 17.8 months, the median OS was 27.8 (95%% CI: 17.6–NR) months. In 24 pts with paired biopsies prior to administration of nivolumab, BAT significantly decreased median MYC (P=0.046) and Ki-67 (P=0.030) expression by IHC. 71% (17/24) of pts had any decrease in MYC following BAT, with 29% (7/24) having a &gt;50% decrease. A &gt;50% MYC protein decline was associated with longer rPFS (HR 0.33, 95%CI 0.14–0.78, P=0.005) and a nonsignificant association towards longer OS (HR 0.78, 95%CI 0.24–2.48, P=0.679). MYC protein and mRNA levels were tightly intercorrelated (r=0.65, P&lt;0.001). Both rPFS and OS were numerically longer in pts with &gt;50% declines in MYC mRNA levels (P&gt;0.1 for both). Conclusions: BAT combined with nivolumab led to a median overall survival of &gt;2 years in heavily pretreated mCRPC pts. BAT attenuated MYC expression, correlating with better outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT03554317.
Effect of gadolinium-DTPA on the magnetic relaxation times of normal and infarcted myocardium. (1984)

Acute myocardial infarctions were produced in 11 dogs by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Twenty-four hours after ligation, 0.35 millimoles per kilogram of Gd-DTPA was injected intravenously, followed by cardiectomy either 90 seconds (3 dogs) or 5 minutes (5 dogs) later. The remaining 3 dogs had cardiectomy without injection of Gd-DTPA at 24 hours after coronary occlusion. The 3 dogs that did not receive Gd-DTPA had longer T1 and T2 relaxation times in infarcted myocardium than in normal myocardium, as measured by a 10.7-MHz magnetic resonance (MR) spectrometer. The T1 and T2 relaxation times of normal myocardium at 90 seconds postinjection of Gd-DTPA were significantly shorter (p less than 0.05) than those of the normal myocardium of animals that did not receive Gd-DTPA. At five minutes postinjection, significantly (p less than 0.01) greater T1 shortening was exhibited in the infarcted myocardium compared with adjacent normal myocardium in the dogs injected with Gd-DTPA. Thus, Gd-DTPA has differential and time-varying effects on relaxation times of normal and infarcted myocardium.
Depth Estimation of Non-line-of-sight Objects from Scattered Light Enhanced by the Infrared Light Field (2021)

We experimentally demonstrate depth estimation of human temperature NLOS objects from infrared light scattered off a construction wall. The measured IR light field is used to enhance the weak scattered signature and to perform depth estimation.
Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades in Mediating Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-1β in RAW264 Macrophages (2000)

LPS stimulation of RAW264 macrophages triggered the activation of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases-1 and -2 (MSK1, MSK2) and their putative substrates, the transcription factors cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor-1 (ATF1). The activation of MSK1/MSK2 was prevented by preincubating the cells with a combination of two drugs that suppress activation of the classical mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and stress-activated protein kinase/p38, respectively, but inhibition was only partial in the presence of either inhibitor. The LPS-stimulated activation of CREB and ATF1, the transcription of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and IL-1 beta genes (the promoters of which contain a cyclic AMP response element), and the induction of the COX-2 protein were prevented by the same drug combination, as well as by Ro 318220 or H89, potent inhibitors of MSK1/MSK2. Two other transcription factors, C/EBP beta and NF-kappa B, have been implicated in the transcription of the COX-2 gene. However, PD 98059 and/or SB 203580 did not prevent the LPS-induced increase in the level of the transcription factor C/EBP beta, and none of the four inhibitors used in this study prevented the activation of NF-kappa B. Our results demonstrate that two different mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades are rate limiting for the LPS-induced activation of CREB/ATF1 and the transcription of the COX-2 and IL-1 beta genes. They also suggest that MSK1 and MSK2 may play a role in these processes and hence are potential targets for the development of novel antiinflammatory drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Antiviral Acyclovir and Other Nucleosides Derivatives Using Doped Natural Phosphate as Lewis Acid Catalyst. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Research on the Structure and Properties of High Temperature and High Pressure Composite PCBN Tool Materials (2023)

Using CBN, Si3N4, Al2O3, AlN and Y2O3 as raw materials, PCBN tool materials were prepared by high temperature and high pressure. The effects of sintering temperature (1400–1700°C) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and cutting performance of tool materials were studied. The results show that PCBN tool materials with higher density and better comprehensive properties can be obtained by using high temperature and high pressure technology. At 1500°C, it was observed that the α-Si3N4 in the binder had a tendency to transform to β-Si3N4, and the grains were well developed. With the increase of sintering temperature, the density, flexural strength, and hardness of the samples increased continuously. At 1700°C, the flexural strength and hardness reached 879.6 MPa and 38.8 GPa, respectively. At the same time, the cutting performance of the samples sintered at 1700°C is also the best. When cutting ductile cast iron with a cutting distance of 7 km, the tool wear is the smallest, which is 0.26 mm.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation of the Schottky Barrier at a-BN:H∕Cu Interfaces (2011)

Due to a low dielectric constant (k = 4–4.5) and high density (1.8–2.0 g/cm3), Plasma Enhanced Chemically Vapor Deposited (PECVD) boron nitride (BN) is an intriguing Cu diffusion barrier material for use in low-k/Cu interconnects. However, relatively little is known about the electrical leakage behavior of BN in Cu interconnects or the Schottky barrier formed at the interface between these two materials. In this regard, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been utilized to determine the Schottky barrier present at the interface between polished Cu substrates and PECVD BN. Our measurements indicate a substantial barrier of 3.25 ± 0.25 eV for this interface.
Introduction to Rheology (2014)

No AccessPolymer RheologyNov 2014Introduction to RheologyTim Osswald, Natalie RudolphTim OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Natalie RudolphSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569905234.001SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2014Pages: 1-24Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-517-3eISBN: 978-1-56990-523-4 Copyright & Permissions© 2015 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Photochemical Activation of Protein Expression in Bacterial Cells (2007)

Turning genes on with light: Photochemical control of gene expression is a versatile tool for the elucidation of biological processes and the programming of new biological functions. Activation of protein expression in prokaryotic cells through light irradiation is achieved through a photocaged small molecule. Spatiotemporal regulation of the lac operon was obtained through the application of a photocaged isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside derivative.
Tensegrity and type 1 dermal dendrocytes in acromegaly (2005)

Abstract Background Skin is enlarged and doughy in acromegaly. Alterations have been reported in the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and in the mechanical properties of the dermis. It is recognized that internal tensions in the dermis give rise to active cell‐ECM and cell–cell mechanical interactions. This mechanobiological aspect can lead to functional and conformational changes in the cells. Such alterations in connective tissue cells have not been explored so far in acromegaly. The aim of the study was to assess structural changes in the dermal ECM, and in the number and shape of factor XIIIa‐positive type I dermal dendrocytes (DDs) in acromegaly. Materials and method A total of 32 patients with acromegaly (three untreated, 17 with active disease under somatostatin analogues and 12 cured) were examined. Both the maximum and the most recent IGF‐1 (insulin‐like growth factor) dosages recorded in the patients’ files were retrieved. Skin biopsies were taken from their forearms. Histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, morphometry and electron microscopy were used. Results Collagen‐bundle coarsening and acidic glycosaminoglycan deposits were found irrespective of the current endocrine status. Dermal dendrocytes were often markedly reduced in numbers, but those present were plump with few dendrites. A negative correlation was found between DD numbers and the maximum IGF‐1 dosages recorded in the patients’ files. A similar although weaker trend was found with the most recent IGF‐1 dosages. Conclusions Collagen, glycosaminoglycans and DDs appeared affected in acromegaly, even when the hormonal status was controlled after surgery and/or somatostatin analogue treatment. The persisting conformational change of DDs suggests a modification in cellular tensegrity, perhaps initiated by hormonal effects and probably maintained by alterations in the ECM interactions.
Data from Activating mTOR Mutations in a Patient with an Extraordinary Response on a Phase I Trial of Everolimus and Pazopanib (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Understanding the genetic mechanisms of sensitivity to targeted anticancer therapies may improve patient selection, response to therapy, and rational treatment designs. One approach to increase this understanding involves detailed studies of &lt;i&gt;exceptional responders&lt;/i&gt;: rare patients with unexpected exquisite sensitivity or durable responses to therapy. We identified an exceptional responder in a phase I study of pazopanib and everolimus in advanced solid tumors. Whole-exome sequencing of a patient with a 14-month complete response on this trial revealed two concurrent mutations in mTOR, the target of everolimus. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; experiments demonstrate that both mutations are activating, suggesting a biologic mechanism for exquisite sensitivity to everolimus in this patient. The use of precision (or “personalized”) medicine approaches to screen patients with cancer for alterations in the mTOR pathway may help to identify subsets of patients who may benefit from targeted therapies directed against mTOR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; The study of exceptional responders represents a promising approach to better understanding the mechanisms that underlie sensitivity to targeted anticancer therapies. Here, we identify two activating mTOR mutations in a patient with exquisite sensitivity to everolimus and pazopanib, suggesting an approach to identifying patients who might benefit most from mTOR inhibitors. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Discov; 4(5); 546–53. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;See related commentary by Rejto and Abraham, p. 513&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 495&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Update on persistent acute kidney injury in critical illnesses (2023)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects about half of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and worsens their short- and long-term outcomes. Apparently self-limiting AKI episodes initiate a progression toward chronic kidney disease (CKD) through cellular and molecular mechanisms that are yet to be explained. In particular, persistent AKI, defined in 2016 by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative as an AKI which lasts more than 48 h from its onset, has been correlated with higher morbidity and mortality, and with a higher progression to acute kidney disease (AKD) and CKD than transient AKI (i.e. AKI with a reversal within 48 h). This classification has been also used in the setting of solid organ transplantation, demonstrating similar outcomes. Due to its incidence and poor prognosis and because prompt interventions seem to change its course, persistent AKI should be recognized early and followed-up also after its recovery. However, while AKI and CKD are well-described syndromes, persistent AKI and AKD are relatively new entities. The purpose of this review is to highlight the key phases of persistent AKI in ICU patients in terms of both clinical and mechanistic features in order to offer to clinicians and researchers an updated basis from which to start improving patients' care and direct future research.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hexa‐peri‐hexobenzocoronenes Carrying Linear or Branched Perfluoroalkylated Side Chains. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.