gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time, In Situ Degradation Monitoring in Power Semiconductor Converters (2019)

This paper develops a methodology to identify a power semiconductor assembly’s spatiotemporal dynamic thermal response changes with degradation, and for subsequent extraction of these varying properties to estimate degradation in actively switching converters. The methodology treats both boundary (e.g. cooling) and internal (e.g. solder layer voiding) thermal-mechanical degradation modes. The paper first identifies transient thermal response sensitivities to degradation using electrothermal impedances viewed with the frequency response function (FRF) metric. A sensitivity function method is then developed to relate location of temperature measurements, harmonic content of semiconductor device losses, and degradation mode, in terms of normalized impedance spectra. Loss model parameter sensitivity analysis reveals an advantage in tracking thermal response delay variations extracted in situ with electrothermal impedance spectroscopy. To complement spectroscopy approaches using non-parametric FRF data for estimating degradation, a method to directly estimate degradation-sensitive physical parameters is developed. Experiments show automatic estimation of varying thermal resistance.
Can exotic disordered “stealthy” particle configurations tolerate arbitrarily large holes? (2017)

The probability of finding a spherical cavity or "hole" of arbitrarily large size in typical disordered many-particle systems in the infinite-system-size limit (e.g., equilibrium liquid states) is non-zero. Such "hole" statistics are intimately linked to the thermodynamic and nonequilibrium physical properties of the system. Disordered "stealthy" many-particle configurations in d-dimensional Euclidean space [Doublestruck R]<sup>d</sup> are exotic amorphous states of matter that lie between a liquid and crystal that prohibit single-scattering events for a range of wave vectors and possess no Bragg peaks [Torquato et al., Phys. Rev. X, 2015, 5, 021020]. In this paper, we provide strong numerical evidence that disordered stealthy configurations across the first three space dimensions cannot tolerate arbitrarily large holes in the infinite-system-size limit, i.e., the hole probability has compact support. This structural "rigidity" property apparently endows disordered stealthy systems with novel thermodynamic and physical properties, including desirable band-gap, optical and transport characteristics. We also determine the maximum hole size that any stealthy system can possess across the first three space dimensions.
Fast Object Detection with Entropy-Driven Evaluation (2013)

Cascade-style approaches to implementing ensemble classifiers can deliver significant speed-ups at test time. While highly effective, they remain challenging to tune and their overall performance depends on the availability of large validation sets to estimate rejection thresholds. These characteristics are often prohibitive and thus limit their applicability. We introduce an alternative approach to speeding-up classifier evaluation which overcomes these limitations. It involves maintaining a probability estimate of the class label at each intermediary response and stopping when the corresponding uncertainty becomes small enough. As a result, the evaluation terminates early based on the sequence of responses observed. Furthermore, it does so independently of the type of ensemble classifier used or the way it was trained. We show through extensive experimentation that our method provides 2 to 10 fold speed-ups, over existing state-of-the-art methods, at almost no loss in accuracy on a number of object classification tasks.
Bowel, Urinary, and Sexual Function in Patients with Low to Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance and Primary Focal Cryotherapy (2021)

Both active surveillance (AS) and primary focal cryotherapy (PFC) are considered suitable approaches for men with low to intermediate risk prostate cancer (PCa). We aim to identify any differences in bowel, urinary, and sexual function that may exist between patients on AS and those who have undergone PFC.
Fatal Varicella in an Adult: Case Report and Review of the Gastrointestinal Complications of Chickenpox (1991)

An unusual and fatal case of primary varicella in an adult is presented. Involvement of the small intestine first manifested as abdominal pain and later progressed to gastrointestinal bleeding with subsequent dissemination of the infection. Although it has previously been speculated that gastrointestinal bleeding can result from infection with the varicella-zoster virus, the data from this case include histologic and cultural evidence that supports the clinical observations. The literature has been reviewed, and the management of this patient has been critically evaluated.
Human Acute Cerebral Ischemia: Detection of Changes in Water Diffusion Anisotropy by Using MR Imaging (1999)

Gray matter is mildly anisotropic in normal and early ischemic states. However, early white matter ischemia is associated with not only changes in trace ADC values but also significant changes in the anisotropy, or shape, of the water self-diffusion tensor.
Magicscroll (2018)

We present MagicScroll, a rollable tablet with 2 concatenated flexible multitouch displays, actuated scrollwheels and gestural input. When rolled up, MagicScroll can be used as a rolodex, smartphone, expressive messaging interface or gestural controller. When extended, it provides full access to its 7.5" high-resolution multitouch display, providing the display functionality of a tablet device. We believe that the cylindrical shape in the rolled-up configuration facilitates gestural interaction, while its shape changing and input capabilities allow the navigation of continuous information streams and provide focus plus context functionality. We investigated the gestural affordances of MagicScroll in its rolled-up configuration by means of an elicitation study.
The Effect of Physical Refining on Palm Vitamin E (Tocopherol, Tocotrienol and Tocomonoenol) (2007)

This study reports the effect of physical refining on palm vitamin E including I±âtocopherol, I±â, γâ and I´âtocotrienols as well as I±âtocomonoenol. A method using HPLC with fluorescence detector using normal phase silica column is described. An isocratic elution with n-hexane/THF/2-propanol (1000:60:4, by vol.) as mobile phase was used. The structure of the I±âtocomonoenol was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The composition of the vitamers were I±âtocopherol (14â17%), I±âtocotrienol (22â24%), γâtocotrienol (49â53%), I´âtocotrienol (6â7%) and I±âtocomonoenol (3%) throughout the physical refining. The concentration of all vitamers in crude palm oil was 1273Â±18 ppm. The concentrations of all vitamers in degummed palm oil, bleached palm oil and deodorized palm oil were 1134Â±20 ppm, 1095Â±18 ppm and 1029Â±18 ppm, respectively. This method provides fast and valuable information with minimal analysis time and no sample pre-treatment.
Scrambling-Type Three-Mode PLC Multiplexer Based on Cascaded Y-Branch Waveguide With Integrated Mode Rotator (2018)

A novel scrambling-type mode multiplexer (MUX) is proposed for future mode-division multiplexing with large number of modes. The proposed MUX does not aim at high modal extinction ratio as in a conventional-mode MUX, rather, all the modes are moderately mixed assuming that an MIMO-based receiver is used. The proposed configuration is superior to the conventional-mode MUX based on asymmetric directional couplers in terms of the fabrication tolerance of the waveguide width and scalability to a large number of modes. The wavelength dependence is also small since no coherent coupling devices are used, except for mode rotators. A three-mode multiplexer design based on a cascaded Y-branch waveguide and an integrated mode rotator on a silica planar lightwave circuit shows that low-loss and small wavelength dependence multiplexing is possible and a proof-of-concept device is fabricated.
A Sydnone Cycloaddition Route to Pyrazole Boronic Esters (2007)

From dipole to diazole! A direct and regioselective route to functionalized pyrazole boronic esters is developed that employs the cycloaddition of alkynylboronates with sydnones. Functionalization of these products by Suzuki coupling and N-deprotection processes highlight the potential synthetic utility of these species. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z703767_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
1.4.4 Combined Research and Curriculum Development in Information‐Centric Systems Engineering (2002)

Abstract This paper describes a multidisciplinary program of research and curriculum development in Information‐Centric Systems Engineering currently underway at the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park. This work is supported by a significant grant from the National Science Foundation and industrial funds from US industry. After motivating the need for an information‐centric approach to systems engineering education, this paper describes the research methodology, pathway from research to curriculum development and teaching, and architecture for web‐based project deliverables.
Microglia-Astrocyte Crosstalk: An Intimate Molecular Conversation (2018)

Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk has recently been at the forefront of glial research. Emerging evidence illustrates that microglia- and astrocyte-derived signals are the functional determinants for the fates of astrocytes and microglia, respectively. By releasing diverse signaling molecules, both microglia and astrocytes establish autocrine feedback and their bidirectional conversation for a tight reciprocal modulation during central nervous system (CNS) insult or injury. Microglia, the constant sensors of changes in the CNS microenvironment and restorers of tissue homeostasis, not only serve as the primary immune cells of the CNS but also regulate the innate immune functions of astrocytes. Similarly, microglia determine the functions of reactive astrocytes, ranging from neuroprotective to neurotoxic. Conversely, astrocytes through their secreted molecules regulate microglial phenotypes and functions ranging from motility to phagocytosis. Altogether, the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk is fundamental to neuronal functions and dysfunctions. This review discusses the current understanding of the intimate molecular conversation between microglia and astrocytes and outlines its potential implications in CNS health and disease.
The geometry of synthetic peptide-based immunogens affects the efficiency of T cell stimulation by professional antigen-presenting cells (2000)

In the pathway leading to antibody production there are two points at which CD4(+) T(h) cells need to be recruited. The first of these is priming of T cells by their interaction with dendritic cells (DC) bearing antigen presented on MHC class II molecules and the second is the collaborative interaction of these primed T cells with B cells presenting the same antigen. We have previously shown that the configuration of T and B cell determinants within synthetic peptide immunogens can greatly influence the amount of immunogen required to produce an antibody response. Here we investigate whether the difference in potency of different immunogens is related to their ability to be presented by either DC or B cells. We show that determinants in a branched configuration, which are the most efficient at eliciting antibody in vivo, are presented to T cell clones by splenic CD8(-) DC 10-fold more efficiently than the corresponding determinants in a tandem linear arrangement. B cells also showed preferential presentation of branched immunogens to one T cell clone but in contrast to DC, not to a second T cell clone, indicating differences between the two antigen-presenting cell types. We also show that branched immunogens have a greater stability in serum compared to linear peptides, which may further enhance the differences in their in vivo potency.
Mixed-state behavior in large magnetic fields of high-temperature superconducting films prepared by metalorganic deposition (1991)

Films of Ba2YCu3O7−x prepared by metalorganic deposition (MOD) are demonstrated to have large critical current densities in high magnetic fields. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are reported for an MOD film in applied fields from 0 to 6 T at 77 K. The zero field critical current density was 600 000 A/cm2 and fell to 60 000 A/cm2 at 1 T. The critical current is approximately proportional to 1/H1/2. The variation in I-V curves above the critical current indicates the voltage has a power law behavior with values for the current exponent varying from 5.2 to 1.7 for magnetic fields from 0 to 6 T.
Slide Mode and Fuzzy Logic Based Powertrain Controller for the Energy Management and Battery Lifetime Extension of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2010)

A control strategy was developed to improve fuel economy, enhance engine efficiency as well as extend battery cycle life in the series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) powertrain. The controller was based on fuzzy logic, fixed-boundary-layer sliding mode controllers (FBLSMCs) and an optimized battery charge scenario. The fuzzy logic based energy management controller is developed to determine the engine power based on two inputs, battery state-of-charge (SOC) and vehicle power demand. The goal of the fuzzy logic based controller is to enhance the engine and battery operation efficiency and at the mean time, extend battery life. An appropriate battery charge scenario is designed to remove surge charge current, and avoid persistently-high charge power, which are positive factors to the battery lifetime extension. Besides, two robust FBLSMCs against uncertain disturbances are configured in the powertrain control system, responsible for engine speed control and engine torque control, respectively. Simulation results are obtained for comparison between the proposed and conventional powertrain control schemes. Through these simulations, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed powertrain control strategy are validated.
Neuro-Symbolic Bi-Directional Translation -- Deep Learning Explainability for Climate Tipping Point Research (2023)

In recent years, there has been an increase in using deep learning for climate and weather modeling. Though results have been impressive, explainability and interpretability of deep learning models are still a challenge. A third wave of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which includes logic and reasoning, has been described as a way to address these issues. Neuro-symbolic AI is a key component of this integration of logic and reasoning with deep learning. In this work we propose a neuro-symbolic approach called Neuro-Symbolic Question-Answer Program Translator, or NS-QAPT, to address explainability and interpretability for deep learning climate simulation, applied to climate tipping point discovery. The NS-QAPT method includes a bidirectional encoder-decoder architecture that translates between domain-specific questions and executable programs used to direct the climate simulation, acting as a bridge between climate scientists and deep learning models. We show early compelling results of this translation method and introduce a domain-specific language and associated executable programs for a commonly known tipping point, the collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).
Search for long-lived, massive particles in events with displaced vertices and multiple jets in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A bstract A search for long-lived particles decaying into hadrons is presented. The analysis uses 139 fb − 1 of pp collision data collected at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC using events that contain multiple energetic jets and a displaced vertex. The search employs dedicated reconstruction techniques that significantly increase the sensitivity to long-lived particles decaying in the ATLAS inner detector. Background estimates for Standard Model processes and instrumental effects are extracted from data. The observed event yields are compatible with those expected from background processes. The results are used to set limits at 95% confidence level on model-independent cross sections for processes beyond the Standard Model, and on scenarios with pair-production of supersymmetric particles with long-lived electroweakinos that decay via a small R -parity-violating coupling. The pair-production of electroweakinos with masses below 1.5 TeV is excluded for mean proper lifetimes in the range from 0.03 ns to 1 ns. When produced in the decay of $$ m\left(\overset{\sim }{g}\right) $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> = 2 . 4 TeV gluinos, electroweakinos with $$ m\left({\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0\right) $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> = 1 . 5 TeV are excluded with lifetimes in the range of 0.02 ns to 4 ns.
5-aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous ion reduces adiposity and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice via enhancing mitochondrial function (2017)

Our findings indicate that ALA/SFC is effective in the reduction of adiposity and improvement of glucose tolerance, and that the induction of mitochondrial OXPHOS complex III, IV, and V by ALA/SFC might be an essential component of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. ALA/SFC might be a useful supplement for obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Recent Progress in the Development of Subtype Selective Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands (2002)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand gated ion channels, which are found at the neuromuscular junction and in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The channels can be assembled from fourteen known subunits. The exact combination and function of all the channels are still not determined but in the CNS certain combinations have been identified which appear to modulate the release of specific neurotransmitters. Non-specific nAChR agonists like nicotine and epibatidine, have been shown to have interesting pharmacology but their clinical value is limited by their undesirable side effects. Selective ligands for different receptor subtypes have been reported and these compounds are probably the best tools for determining the function of the subtypes. The expectation is that some receptor subtype selective nAChR ligands will be clinically useful for the treatment of a broad range of CNS disorders. The development of stable cell lines functionally expressing specific combinations of subunits has greatly improved our understanding of ligand specificity. There have also been advances in the modelling of the ligand binding site, thanks to the discovery of a homologous snail ACh binding protein the X-ray structure of which was determined in 2001. These techniques should lead to rapid advances in the development of truly subtype selective ligands. In this review we describe recent progress in the area and describe the first 1000 fold selective low molecular weight ligands from the AstraZeneca group. We also comment on the first subtype specific channel modulators.
Coupling from optical fibers to fast silicon modulators (2003)

In silicon based photonic circuits, optical modulation is usually performed via the plasma dispersion effect, which is a relatively slow process. Until recently, most reserachers utilized Silicon on Insulator (SOI) waveguides with cross secitonal dimensions of the order of 5 microns. This limits the speed of devices based on the plasma dispersion effect due to the finite transit time of charge carriers. Consequently moving to smaller dimensions will increase device speed, as well as providing other advantages of closer packaging density, smaller bend radius, and cost effective fabrication. As a result, the trend in recent years has been a move to smaller waveguides, of the order of 1 micron in cross sectional dimensions. However, coupling light to such small waveguides is relatively inefficient. In the literature, the problem of coupling optical fibers to thin semiconductor waveguides has not been solved sufficiently well to obtain both high coupling efficiency and good fabrication tolerances, due to large difference between the fiber and the waveguide in both dimensions and refractive indices. In this paper, we discuss both the desing of small waveguide modulators (of the order of ~1 micron) together with a novel theoretical solution to the coupling problem. An example of coupling light to a thin silicon waveguide is given, as well as a discussion of a number of modulator design issues.
Synergistic capture of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin by scFv antibodies to novel epitopes (2011)

A non-immune library of human single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies displayed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae was screened for binding to the Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A binding domain [BoNT/A (Hc)] with the goal of identifying scFv to novel epitopes. To do this, an antibody-mediated labeling strategy was used in which antigen-binding yeast clones were selected after labeling with previously characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to the Hc. Twenty unique scFv clones were isolated that bound Hc. Of these, 3 also bound to full-length BoNT/A toxin complex with affinities ranging from 5 to 48 nM. Epitope binning showed that the three unique clones recognized at least two epitopes distinct from one another as well as from the detection MAbs. After production in E. coli, scFv were coupled to magnetic particles and tested for their ability to capture BoNT/A holotoxin using an Endopep-MS assay. In this assay, toxin captured by scFv coated magnetic particles was detected by incubation of the complex with a peptide containing a BoNT/A-specific cleavage sequence. Mass spectrometry was used to detect the ratio of intact peptide to cleavage products as evidence for toxin capture. When tested individually, each of the scFv showed a weak positive Endopep-MS result. However, when the particles were coated with all three scFv simultaneously, they exhibited significantly higher Endopep-MS activity, consistent with synergistic binding. These results demonstrate novel approaches toward the isolation and characterization of scFv antibodies specific to unlabeled antigens. They also provide evidence that distinct scFv antibodies can work synergistically to increase the efficiency of antigen capture onto a solid support.