gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fractionated Abdominal Irradiation on Small Intestinal MotilityStudies in a Novel In Vitro Animal Model (1997)

Disordered small intestinal motility occurs frequently during acute radiation enteritis. However, the characteristics and time course of the motor dysfunction are poorly defined. These parameters were assessed in a novel animal model of radiation enteritis. Ileal pressures were recorded in vitro with perfused micromanometric catheter using an arterially perfused ileal loop in 22 ferrets following fractionated abdominal irradiation (9 doses 2.50 Gy thrice weekly for 3 weeks). Tissue damage was graded histologically. Studies were performed 3 to 29 days after irradiation. Tissue from 7 control animals was also studied. All treated animals developed diarrhoea. Histology showed changes consistent with mild to moderate radiation enteritis. Following irradiation, there was an initial increase in frequency followed by a non-significant reduction in the frequency, but not the amplitude of ileal pressure waves. The frequency of pressure waves showed an inverse relationship with time after radiation (r = -0.634, p < 0.002). There was no relationship between motility and histology. We conclude that abdominal irradiation is associated with a time-dependent reduction in ileal motility which does not correlate with light microscopic changes.
Thermal Efficiency Enhancement of a Gasoline Engine (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The goal of this research was to improve thermal efficiency under conditions of stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and 91 RON (Research Octane Number) gasoline fuel. Increasing compression ratio and dilution are effective means to increase the thermal efficiency of gasoline engines. Increased compression ratio is associated with issues such as slow combustion, increased cooling loss, and engine knocking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Against these challenges, a higher stroke-bore ratio (S/B ratio) and a lower effective compression ratio were tried as countermeasures. With respect to increased dilution, combustion of a high-EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) was tried. High-energy ignition and optimized combustion chamber shape with high tumble port were tried as countermeasures against slow combustion and reduced ignitability due to a higher EGR rate. As a result of this study on single cylinder engine, a brake thermal efficiency of 45% was achieved at an engine speed of 2000 rpm with a S/B ratio of 1.5, a compression ratio of 17, an effective compression ratio of 12.5, and an EGR rate above 30%.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Application to a four-cylinder engine was investigated, taking into account factors such as an engine height, effects between cylinders and the impact of a supercharger on the intake and exhaust systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lipid Microsphere Formulation Containing Rifampicin Targets Alveolar Macrophages (2008)

The study demonstrated that lipid microspheres (LM) containing rifampicin (LM-RFP) could deliver the drug to alveolar macrophages in vitro and in vivo, and that intranasal administration to animals could achieve preferential accumulation in the lungs with less effect on the liver. The LM-RFP particles had a mean diameter of 247.2 +/- 75.7 nm, and their size remained stable when stored at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C for at least 4 weeks. In vitro uptake of [(3)H]LM-RFP by alveolar macrophages was over 4 times higher than that of unencapsulated [(3)H]RFP, whereas the in vivo uptake was 30 times higher. Flow cytometric analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that LM could deliver the encapsulated drug effectively to alveolar macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Intranasal administration of [(3)H]LM-RFP to normal mice resulted in preferential pulmonary uptake of the drug and lower levels in the blood and liver compared with administration of unencapsulated [(3)H]RFP. In conclusion, LM-RFP could be a promising preparation for delivery via the respiratory tract to tuberculosis (TB) and TB/HIV patients.
Dehydrogenation of icosahedral carborane anions via gas‐phase collisional activation (2016)

This study provides insight into new possible modes of B-H activation and functionalization in carborane cages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abstract B08: C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonism enhances the effectiveness of checkpoint Inhibition in mouse tumor models (2020)

Abstract Introduction: Chemokines and their receptors influence many of the hallmark processes in cancer: they act not only on infiltrating leukocytes, but also on fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and directly on some types of tumor cells. C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and its ligands have been found to be highly expressed in multiple types of human tumors and are associated with poor prognosis. CCR4 antagonism has been demonstrated to reduce tumor growth in various mouse tumor models. Here we assess small-molecule inhibition of CCR4 as a therapeutic agent to potentiate the effects of checkpoint inhibitors in the CT26 and KCM tumor models. Methods: The subcutaneous CT26 colon cancer model and the orthotopic KCM pancreatic cancer model were used to assess the effects of a CCR4 inhibitor, CCX6239, in combination with anti-CTLA-4 antibody. CT26 cells were implanted into the flanks of 9wk female Balb/c mice. Mice were randomized into study groups based on the tumor sizes on day 6, and dosing of both CCX6239 and anti-CTLA-4 started on day 7. For the orthotopic pancreatic cancer model, KCM cells were implanted directly into the pancreas, and dosing of CCX6239 and anti-CTLA-4 also began on day 7. CCX6239 was dosed orally twice daily at 30mg/kg, and anti-CTLA-4 was dosed IP on days 7, 11 and 15 at 100μg/mouse. Results: Blockade of CCR4 appreciably enhanced the therapeutic effects of anti-CTLA-4 in both models. Combined anti-CTLA-4/CCR4 inhibitor significantly decreased tumor size and increased the proportion of long-term survivors in the CT26 model. The antitumor response was CT26-specific; long-term survivors were resistant to reinoculation with CT26 cells (without further dosing of either drug), but 4T1 breast tumors grew well upon challenge of CT26 survivors. Mice with tumor regression exhibited a high proportion of CD8 T cells that recognized a CT26-specific neoantigen, as illustrated by AH1 peptide-MHC tetramer staining. Although long-term survival has not yet been examined in the KCM model, CCX6239 alone significantly reduced tumor burden in 3 independent studies. Anti-CTLA-4 alone provided substantial inhibition of tumor growth in this model, which was further enhanced by CCX6239. Summary: A specific CCR4 small-molecule inhibitor enhanced the effectiveness of anti-CTLA-4 in 2 preclinical models, suggesting that targeting CCR4 may be a viable clinical approach for combinatorial treatment with checkpoint blockers. Citation Format: Shijie “Chris” Li, James J. Campbell, Linda S. Ertl, Zhenhua Miao, Vicky Chhina, Alice Kumamoto, Simon Yau, Ton Dang, Penglie Zhang, Thomas J. Schall, Rajinder Singh. C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonism enhances the effectiveness of checkpoint Inhibition in mouse tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B08.
Wound healing potential of palm oil tocotrienols rich fraction (2021)

Diabetic patients often experience problems with their immune system activation and result in delayed wound healing. Slow and incomplete wound healing increases the risk of complications caused by infected wounds. Metformin has been used as a standard drug for diabetes treatment and it accelerates wound healing. However, intake of metformin may cause gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhoea, nausea and abdominal discomfort. Therefore, a safe alternative to metforminis is required. While many research programs focus on alpha-tocopherol, in this paper the potency of tocotrienols in wound and diabetes management was investigated. Tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) was tested for its ability to stabilize blood glucose, reduce lipid peroxidation, promote platelet-derived growth factorBB and wound closure. In this study, the rodent model was used to investigate the effects of TRP in wound healing proficiency. The results showed that TRF was comparable to metformin in stabilizing blood glucose, promoting PDGF-BB in the blood during the initial wound healing stage and produced clean wound closure. Interestingly, the findings of this study showed TRF had higher potency than metformin in reducing lipid peroxidation that could delay wound healing. Hence, TRF could be a good alternative to metformin in wound and diabetes management
Evaluation of the secondary electron blue in x-ray lithography by using the pattern replication technique on the mask (2002)

Two factors such as the secondary electron blur and Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction limit the resolution in the x-ray lithography. In Br resist, the suppression of the secondary electron blur was previously reported. The 30 nm isolated pattern was demonstrated using monochromatic x-ray of 8 A by the 'shadowing technique', where contact exposure method with high contrast mask was used. However, the resolution at the shorter wavelength less than 8 A wasn't sufficiently demonstrated. Here, we have developed the pattern replication technique on the x-ray mask and study the resolution at the x-ray wavelength less than 8 A. This technique is sufficient to evaluate the resolution because the exposure at smaller gap is available, and the stepper vibration can be ignored. A schematic diagram of the pattern replication technique on the mask is shown. Polymer film is coated on the x-ray mask, which correspond to the proximity gap, and positive resist (ZEP-520) of 70 nm thickness is coated on the polymer film. The x-ray is irradiated from the back etching area. The resist on the x-ray mask is developed, where the polymer layer is insoluble to the developer. The SEM photographs of 50 nm L&S patterns in which the kapton filter of 0, 15 and 50 μm thickness is inserted in the beam line are shown. Absorption energy in the resist becomes shorter as the filter thickness is increased. The absorbed energy of 4.4 A corresponds to the absorption edge of Cl element of 15 wt% in the resist. The shorter x-ray wavelength degrades the quality of 50 nm L&S pattern even though the secondary electron blur at the x-ray wavelength less than Cl absorption edge is suppressed due to the addition of Cl element. The normalized deposition energy distributions, where x-rays of the infinitely fine line are irradiated, are shown. The energy spread becomes broader as the x-ray wavelength becomes shorter. This result shows that the secondary electron blur including the x-ray wavelength of 6 A doesn't limit the resolution of x-ray lithography down to 30 nm.
Reversible Pressure‐Dependent Mechanochromism of Dion–Jacobson and Ruddlesden–Popper Layered Hybrid Perovskites (2022)

Layered Dion-Jacobson (DJ) and Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) hybrid perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronic applications due to their modular structure. To fully exploit their functionality, mechanical stimuli can be used to control their properties without changing the composition. However, the responsiveness of these systems to pressure compatible with practical applications (<1 GPa) remains unexploited. Hydrostatic pressure is used to investigate the structure-property relationships in representative iodide and bromide DJ and RP 2D perovskites based on 1,4-phenylenedimethylammonium (PDMA) and benzylammonium (BzA) spacers in the 0-0.35 GPa pressure range. Pressure-dependent X-ray scattering measurements reveal that lattices of these compositions monotonically shrink and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the structural changes within the organic spacer layer. These structural changes affect the optical properties; the most significant shift in the optical absorption is observed in (BzA)<sub>2</sub> PbBr<sub>4</sub> under 0.35 GPa pressure, which is attributed to an isostructural phase transition. Surprisingly, the RP and DJ perovskites behave similarly under pressure, despite the different binding modes of the spacer molecules. This study provides important insights into how the manipulation of the crystal structure affects the optoelectronic properties of such materials, whereas the reversibility of their response expands the perspectives for future applications.
Coil design for improved power transfer efficiency in inductive links (2002)

The coupling coefficient of two magnetically coupled coils can be considerably enhanced, if the turns of the coils are not concentrated at the coils circumferences, but distributed across the radii of the coils. However, such a distribution of turns results in a reduction of the unloaded quality factors of the coils. If the coupled coils are used within an inductive link system for transcutaneous power transfer, enhancement of the coupling coefficient improves the efficiency of power transfer, while the reduction of unloaded quality factors caused by the suggested pattern of coil distribution reduces efficiency. In spite of this loss of efficiency, it is possible to design coils allowing a net gain in the efficiency of power transfer.
Towards automatic cartilage quantification in clinical trials – Continuing from the 2019 IWOAI knee segmentation challenge (2023)

The lower SRMs for the DL methods in the femoral compartments at 0.2 were possibly due to the simple sub-compartment extraction done during post-processing. The study demonstrated that state-of-the-art DL segmentation methods may be used in standardized longitudinal single-scanner clinical trials for well-defined cartilage compartments.
Tidal signals in basin-scale acoustic transmissions (1992)

Travel times of acoustic signals were measured between a bottom-mounted source near Oahu and five bottom-mounted receivers located near Washington, Oregon, and California in 1988 and 1989. At three out of five receivers, observed travel times at M2 and S2 periods agree with predictions from a barotropic tide model to within 30 deg in phase and a factor of 1.6-in. amplitude. The discrepancies at the fourth and fifth receivers can be removed, to first order, by including predicted effects of phase-locked baroclinic tides generated by guyots in the Moonless mountains. A simple model is used to estimate the conversion of energy from barotropic to baroclinic tides by the world’s seamounts. At M2, the conversion amounts to about 4% of the total dissipation at M2. Although this estimate is very approximate, it is similar to other published values.
Optoinjection for efficient targeted delivery of a broad range of compounds and macromolecules into diverse cell types (2006)

Efficient delivery of compounds and macromolecules into living cells is essential in many fields including basic research, applied drug discovery, and clinical gene therapy. Unfortunately, current delivery methods, such as cationic lipids and electroporation, are limited by the types of macromolecules and cells that can be employed, poor efficiency, and/or cell toxicity. To address these issues, novel methods were developed based on laser-mediated delivery of macromolecules into cells through optoinjection. An automated high-throughput instrument, the laser-enabled analysis and processing (LEAP) system, was utilized to elucidate and optimize several parameters that influence optoinjection efficiency and toxicity. Techniques employing direct cell irradiation (i.e., targeted to specific cell coordinates) and grid-based irradiation (i.e., without locating individual cells) were both successfully developed. With both techniques, it was determined that multiple, sequential low radiant exposures produced more favorable results than a single high radiant exposure. Various substances were efficiently optoinjected--including ions, small molecules, dextrans, siRNAs (small interfering RNAs), plasmids, proteins, and semiconductor nanocrystals--into numerous cell types. Notably, cells refractory to traditional delivery methods were efficiently optoinjected with lower toxicity. We establish the broad utility of optoinjection, and furthermore, are the first to demonstrate its implementation in an automated, high-throughput manner.
Preface (2019)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The term “dementia” is derived from the Latin word demens, meaning “being out of one’s mind,” and has been used since the 13th century. AD has been recognized as a distinct entity since the publication of Alzheimer’s description of a patient with presenile dementia in 1906. The first biochemical identification of amyloid beta (Aβ) as the major component of amyloid plaques, a key neuropathological lesion in AD, was published in 1984 with the seminal work of Dr. George Glenner. The latter discovery led to the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD, with a focus on developing amyloid directed therapeutic approaches. The latter have all failed in clinical trials thus far. More recently, there is growing body of genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data pointing to the complexity of AD pathogenesis. This has resulted in a greater diversity of therapeutic approaches being attempted—in effect, resulting in “more shots on goal,” with the prospect that at least some of these approaches will be efficacious. Hence, despite the many failures of AD therapeutic clinical trials, this is a hopeful time in AD research. There is a growing anticipation that our greater understanding of the underlying multifactorial pathogenesis of AD will result in effective therapeutic interventions in the near future. CONTINUE READING…..
Time Reuse algorithms: A novel approach to solving the issue of scalability in dense power line networks (2009)

The power line (PL) channel is a shared medium and channel capacity is shared among a set of users. As the number of network nodes (users) increases, each user experiences a reduction in the available throughput. Although the issue of throughput maximization in point-to-point PL links has been vastly addressed in the PL literature, very little has been done to this date on the problem of network throughout reduction as the number of PL network nodes increases. This paper address for the first time this issue and proposes algorithms that allow Time Reuse (TR), i.e. the capability of nodes to detect when it is possible to transmit simultaneously to other neighboring devices without causing harmful interference to each other. A TR algorithm is here presented and simulations results confirm its effectiveness in ensuring scalability as the number of network nodes in the network increase.
Ultra-low-energy all-CMOS modulator integrated with driver (2010)

We report the first sub-picojoule per bit (400fJ/bit) operation of a silicon modulator intimately integrated with a driver circuit and embedded in a clocked digital transmitter. We show a wall-plug power efficiency below 400microW/Gbps for a 130nm SOI CMOS carrier-depletion ring modulator flip-chip integrated to a 90nm bulk Si CMOS driver circuit. We also demonstrate stable error-free transmission of over 1.5 petabits of data at 5Gbps over 3.5 days using the integrated modulator without closed-loop ring resonance tuning. Small signal measurements of the CMOS ring modulator, sans circuit, showed a 3dB bandwidth in excess of 15GHz at 1V of reverse bias, indicating that further increases in transmission rate and reductions of energy-per-bit is possible while retaining compatibility with CMOS drive voltages.
Excretion of human urinary kallikrein quantity measured by a direct radioimmunoassay of human urinary kallikrein in patients with essential hypertension and secondary hypertensive diseases. (1981)

Recently, we established a very sensitive, specific and simple direct radioimmunoassay method for human urinary kallikrein. In this study, in order to clarify whether or not the low or high excretion rate of urinary kallikrein activity in patients with essential hypertension, primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma and Bartter's syndrome is caused by changes in enzyme quantity, urinary kallikrein excretion was measured with this direct radioimmunoassay method in normal subjects and in patients with these diseases. Urinary kallikrein excretion measured as enzyme quantity was significantly lower in patients with essential hypertension, and higher in patients with primary aldosteronism and Bartter's syndrome. These results are consistent with other previously reported data and our data measured by means of esterase assay or kininogenase assay. The results also suggest that lowered or elevated excretion of urinary kallikrein activity in these diseases is caused, in part at least, by the lowered or elevated excretion of enzyme quantity.
Wide Bayesian neural networks have a simple weight posterior: theory and accelerated sampling (2022)

We introduce repriorisation, a data-dependent reparameterisation which transforms a Bayesian neural network (BNN) posterior to a distribution whose KL divergence to the BNN prior vanishes as layer widths grow. The repriorisation map acts directly on parameters, and its analytic simplicity complements the known neural network Gaussian process (NNGP) behaviour of wide BNNs in function space. Exploiting the repriorisation, we develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) posterior sampling algorithm which mixes faster the wider the BNN. This contrasts with the typically poor performance of MCMC in high dimensions. We observe up to 50x higher effective sample size relative to no reparametrisation for both fully-connected and residual networks. Improvements are achieved at all widths, with the margin between reparametrised and standard BNNs growing with layer width.
Function by defects at the atomic scale &#x2014; new concepts for non-volatile memories (2009)

A survey of non-volatile, highly scalable memory devices which utilize dedicated resistive switching phenomena in nanoscale chalcogenide-based memory cells is presented. The classification of the memory effects, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and the crucial role of structural defects are outlined.