gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nullification test collections for web spam and SEO (2009)

Research in the area of adversarial information retrieval has been facilitated by the availability of the UK-2006/UK-2007 collections, comprising crawl data, link graph, and spam labels. However, research into nullifying the negative effect of spam or excessive search engine optimisation (SEO) on the ranking of non-spam pages is not well supported by these resources. Nor is the study of cloaking techniques or of click spam. Finally, the domain-restricted nature of a .uk crawl means that only parts of link-farm icebergs may be visible in these crawls. We introduce the term nullification which we define as "preventing problem pages from negatively affecting search results". We show some important differences between properties of current .uk-restricted crawls and those previously reported for the Web as a whole. We identify a need for an adversarial IR collection which is not domain-restricted and which is supported by a set of appropriate query sets and (optimistically) user-behaviour data. The billion-page unrestricted crawl being conducted by CMU (web09-bst) and which will be used in the 2009 TREC Web Track is assessed as a possible basis for a new AIR test collection. We discuss the pros and cons of its scale, and the feasibility of adding resources such as query lists to enhance the utility of the collection for AIR research.
Age affects ERK1/2 and NRF2 signaling in the regulation of GCLC expression (2006)

Abstract We previously reported that activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) DNA binding activity was increased in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from old rats when exposed to high glucose or tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) (Li et al., 2003. J Cell Physiol 197:418–425). We have now examined the relationship between the age‐dependent activation of the ERK1/2–AP‐1 pathway and modulation of constitutive gene expression of the catalytic subunit of glutamate‐cysteine ligase (GCLC) in response to high glucose and TNF‐α. GCLC mRNA levels were higher in VSMC from old rats compared to young, a pattern consistent with its protein levels. To determine whether age‐related activation of ERK1/2‐AP‐1 signaling is responsible for the up‐regulation of GCLC, the MEK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, were used to block ERK1/2 in VSMC from old rats. An increase in GCLC with inhibitors was observed, diminishing the likelihood of ERK1/2‐AP‐1 activation as the up‐regulating signal for GCLC. However, the transcription factor Nrf2 was higher in nuclei and accompanied by increased Nrf2‐ARE binding in VSMC from old rats. Furthermore, MEK inhibitors increased nuclear Nrf2 and Nrf2/ARE binding. These data suggest opposing effects of Nrf2 and ERK1/2 signaling in the modulation of GCLC expression in old animals. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demonstration of a Self-Stabilized Highly Subluminal Laser with a Factor of 400 Suppression in Sensitivity to Fluctuations (2017)

We demonstrate a self-stabilized, highly-subluminal laser in which frequency shift due to cavity length change is suppressed by a factor of the group-index, with a value as high as ~400, with applications in precision metrology.
Synthesis of 2′,3′-Dideoxy-2′-Fluoro-l-threo-Pentofuranosyl Nucleosides as Potential Antiviral Agents (1999)

A series of 2',3'-dideoxy-2'-fluoro-L-threo-pentofuranosyl nucleosides has been synthesized as potential antiviral agents. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against HIV-1, HBV, HSV-1, and HSV-2. Among the synthesized analogues, only the cytosine derivative showed moderate antiviral activity against HIV and HBV.
Parallel screening and cheminformatics modeling of flavonoid activated aptasensors (2022)

A parallel screening of 27 different flavonoids and chalcones was conducted using 6 artificial naringenin-activated riboswitches (M1, M2, M3, O, L and H). A quantitative structure-property relationship approach was applied to understand the physicochemical properties of the flavonoid structures resulting in specificity differences relied on the fluorescence intensity of a green fluorescent protein reporter. Robust models of riboswitches M1, M2 and O that had good predictive power were constructed with descriptors selected for their high correlation. Increased electronegativity and hydrophilicity of the flavonoids structures were identified as two properties that increased binding affinity to RNA riboswitches. Hydroxyl groups at the C-3' and C-4' positions of the flavonoid molecule were strictly required for ligand-activation with riboswitches M1 and M2. Riboswitches O and L preferred multi-hydroxylated flavones as ligands. Substitutions on the A ring of the flavonoid molecule were not important in the molecular recognition process. <i>O</i>-glycosylated derivatives were not recognized by any of the riboswitches, presumably due to steric hindrances. Despite the challenges of detecting RNA conformational change after ligand binding, the resulting models elucidate important physicochemical features in the ligands for conformational structural studies of artificial aptamer complexes and for design of ligands having higher binding specificity.
Volcanic activity before and after large tectonic earthquakes: Observations and statistical significance (2009)

Abstract The study of volcanic triggering and interaction with the tectonic surroundings has received special attention in recent years, using both direct field observations and historical descriptions of eruptions and earthquake activity. Repeated reports of clustered eruptions and earthquakes may imply that interaction is important in some subregions. However, the subregions likely to suffer such clusters have not been systematically identified, and the processes responsible for the observed interaction remain unclear. We first review previous works about the clustered occurrence of eruptions and earthquakes, and describe selected events. We further elaborate available databases and confirm a statistically significant relationship between volcanic eruptions and earthquakes on the global scale. Moreover, our study implies that closed volcanic systems in particular tend to be activated in association with a tectonic earthquake trigger. We then perform a statistical study at the subregional level, showing that certain subregions are especially predisposed to concurrent eruption–earthquake sequences, whereas such clustering is statistically less significant in other subregions. Based on this study, we argue that individual and selected observations may bias the perceptible weight of coupling. The activity at volcanoes located in the predisposed subregions (e.g., Japan, Indonesia, Melanesia), however, often unexpectedly changes in association with either an imminent or a past earthquake.
Ontological supervision for fine grained classification of Street View storefronts (2015)

Modern search engines receive large numbers of business related, local aware queries. Such queries are best answered using accurate, up-to-date, business listings, that contain representations of business categories. Creating such listings is a challenging task as businesses often change hands or close down. For businesses with street side locations one can leverage the abundance of street level imagery, such as Google Street View, to automate the process. However, while data is abundant, labeled data is not; the limiting factor is creation of large scale labeled training data. In this work, we utilize an ontology of geographical concepts to automatically propagate business category information and create a large, multi label, training dataset for fine grained storefront classification. Our learner, which is based on the GoogLeNet/Inception Deep Convolutional Network architecture and classifies 208 categories, achieves human level accuracy.
The electrical neutrality of atoms and of bulk matter (2004)

The equality of the charges of the electron and the proton, and the charge neutrality of the neutron are of great significance in the fundamental theory of particles. This equality suggests a deep symmetry between leptons and quarks that is not yet revealed in other experiments. The electrical neutrality of bulk matter is a direct result of this characteristic of the fundamental charges, with important consequences for precise tests of fundamental physical laws and for electrical metrology. The question is of interest also in cosmology. In this paper, we discuss the experimental evidence for the equality of the fundamental electrical charges, its implications and the possibility of improved experiments.
Norovirus-VLPs expressing pre-erythrocytic malaria antigens induce functional immunity against sporozoite infection (2022)

Despite the development of prophylactic anti-malarial drugs and practices to prevent infection, malaria remains a health concern. Preclinical testing of novel malaria vaccine strategies achieved through rational antigen selection and novel particle-based delivery platforms is yielding encouraging results. One such platform, self-assembling virus-like particles (VLP) is safer than attenuated live viruses, and has been approved as a vaccination tool by the FDA. We explore the use of Norovirus sub-viral particles lacking the natural shell (S) domain forming the interior shell but that retain the protruding (P) structures of the native virus as a vaccine vector. Epitope selection and their surface display has the potential to focus antigen specific immune responses to crucial epitopes. Recombinant P-particles displaying epitopes from two malaria antigens, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) CelTOS and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) CSP, were evaluated for immunogenicity and their ability to confer protection in a murine challenge model. Immune responses induced in mice resulted either in sterile protection (displaying PfCelTOS epitopes) or in antibodies with functional activity against sporozoites (displaying PfCSP epitopes) in an in vitro liver-stage development assay (ILSDA). These results are encouraging and support further evaluation of this platform as a vaccine delivery system.
Benchmarking of learning architectures for digital predistortion (2016)

Indirect and direct learning architectures are the two main parameter identification approaches for digital predistortion systems. While the indirect scheme is less complex, its inherent shortcomings are avoided by the direct learning approach. Trying to answer the question whether this advantage of the direct approach can be exploited in terms of measurable linearization-performance improvement in a predistortion platform for advanced power amplifier structures, we present a performance comparison based on laboratory results for wideband high-power Doherty amplifiers. Rather than using single-shot least-squares estimates, each architecture is combined with an adaptive parameter-update scheme to reach the desired performance range and allow for a fair comparison. In conclusion, although the direct learning approach may excel in peak performance, the indirect learning approach achieves virtually the same average performance over linearization runs and has a clear advantage in terms of robustness.
Signal Apparition Enabled Acquisition of Low-Frequency Rich Simultaneous Source Data: Results from Recent Field Tests (2020)

Summary Imaging beneath complex salt structures requires highly accurate velocity models. In a synthetic finitedifference modelling study applied to salt models representing Gulf of Mexico geology, Dellinger et al. (2017) showed that such velocity models can be obtained by means of full waveform inversion (FWI) applied to wide-azimuth, ultrawide-offset data with significant frequencies content below ∼2 Hz. Blanch et al. (2019) included basement below the salt and sedimentary sequences that guides refracted wave energy and presented results from the first survey of this kind. Although it is clear that the acquisition of wide-azimuth, ultrawide-offset data, requires OBN acquisition geometries and very long shot records, the acquisition of data rich in low frequencies benefits greatly from bespoke low-frequency sources ( Brenders et al., 2018 ).
PSP based DCG-FGT transistor model including characterization procedure (2011)

A new DCG-FGT (Dual-Control-Gate Floating-Gate Transistor) transistor model for static and transient simulations is presented. The PSP MOS description is used as a basis for the formulation of the conduction channel behavior. The floating gate potential is implicitly computed with an added charge neutrality relation that ensures a good convergence. The model is running under electrical simulator (ELDO) and is characterized thanks to ICCAP software. It has been validated on an advanced STMicroelectronics technology. The final objective of this work is to provide an accurate and scalable model available in design framework.
Physicochemical properties determining drug detection in skin (2021)

Chemicals, including some systemically administered xenobiotics and their biotransformations, can be detected noninvasively using skin swabs and untargeted metabolomics analysis. We sought to understand the principal drivers that determine whether a drug taken orally or systemically is likely to be observed on the epidermis by using a random forest classifier to predict which drugs would be detected on the skin. A variety of molecular descriptors describing calculated properties of drugs, such as measures of volume, electronegativity, bond energy, and electrotopology, were used to train the classifier. The mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.71 for predicting drug detection on the epidermis, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) model interpretation technique was used to determine the most relevant molecular descriptors. Based on the analysis of 2561 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, we predict that therapeutic drug classes, such as nervous system drugs, are more likely to be detected on the skin. Detecting drugs and other chemicals noninvasively on the skin using untargeted metabolomics could be a useful clinical advancement in therapeutic drug monitoring, adherence, and health status.
Dissecting Cell Signaling Pathways with Genetically Encoded 3‐Iodo‐L‐tyrosine (2010)

Marking the proteome: A single amino acid residue in the proteome was labeled by mammalian genetic code expansion, which incorporated 3-iodotyrosine at a particular tyrosine phosphorylation site in cell-signaling pathways. Phosphorylation at the site was analyzed by an antibody specific for the tyrosine derivative. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Can 9.4 T MRI improve lesion visualization in epilepsy patients (2016)

Purpose/Introduction: In presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients, MRI has an important role in defining location and extent of a potentially epileptogenic focus that can be subject to surgical resection. If clinical MR is negative, chances of a post-operative seizure freedom are inferior compared to patients with a visually apparent lesion. But even with optimal methodology, a significant proportion of patients will still have a normal MRI on visual inspection and are difficult or impossible to introduce to a potentially curative surgical therapy. Here, we investigated whether imaging of epilepsy patients in 9.4T provides increased image resolution and contrast compared to standard clinical protocols at 3T MRI in order to improve post processing to detect otherwise invisible epileptogenic lesions. Subjects and Methods: We included 12 patients of the university hospital of Tuebingen having presurgical monitored focal epilepsy (including video-EEG and clinical 3 Tesla MRI) as well as 40 healthy controls (21 at 3T, 19 at 9.4T). The standard clinical procedure showed that 2 patients of those had a visible focal cortical dysplasia as epileptogenic lesion, 10 patients had a normal MRI (=cryptogenic). Examination at 9.4T included whole brain 0.8 mm isotropic MP2RAGE (TE = 2.3 ms, TR = 6 ms, TI1 = 900 ms, TI2 = 3500 ms, FA1 = 4, FA2 = 6) and a T2 * -weighted GRE sequence with 0.4 9 0.4 9 0.8 mm resolution (TE = 6–30 ms in steps of 6 ms, TR = 35 ms, FA = 11) For comparison, 1 mm isotropic MRP2RAGE images (TE = 2.98 ms, TR = 5000 ms, TI1 = 700 ms, TI2 = 2500 ms, FA1 = 4, FA2 = 5) were acquired at 3 T using the standard protocols for clinical diagnosis. In order to compare the image quality at 3T and 9.4T, voxel based morphometry (VBM, SPM12) derived from MP2RAGE images as well as quantitative analysis of the T2 * maps was performed. Results: VBM of the 3T data showed in 4/10 cryptogenic patients a finding concordant to the clinical hypothesis of seizure origin. However, in the 9.4T images, 10/10 cryptogenic patients showed abnormalities in the suspected region, which could be retraced in the high resolution images. The visible focal cortical dysplasia in the 2 other patients were correctly detected by VBM of the 9.4T data, whereas only 1 was recognized in the 3T images. Discussion/Conclusion: The application of 9.4T MRI in epilepsy patients can help to visualize lesions, that were undetectable using standard 3T routines. This may improve presurgical evaluation by facilitating MR negative patients a surgical treatment and by better visualization of the true extent of epileptogenic lesions to reduce risk of incomplete resection.
Impact of Hyperthermal Rotary Blood Pump Surfaces on Blood Clotting Behavior: An Approach (2009)

The influence of heat dissipating systems, such as rotary blood pumps, was investigated. Titanium cylinders as rotary blood pump housing dummies were immersed in porcine blood and constantly tempered at specific temperatures (37-60 degrees C) over a defined period of time. The porcine blood was anticoagulated either by low heparin dosage or citrate. At frequent intervals, samples were taken for blood analysis and the determination of the plasmatic coagulation cascade. Blood parameters do not alter at surface temperatures below 50 degrees C. Hyperthermia-induced hemolysis could be confirmed. The plasmatic coagulation cascade is terminated at surface temperatures exceeding 55 degrees C. The adhesion of blood constituents on surfaces is temperature and time dependent, and structural changes of adhesions and blood itself were detected.
WearWrite (2016)

The physical constraints of smartwatches limit the range and complexity of tasks that can be completed. Despite interface improvements on smartwatches, the promise of enabling productive work remains largely unrealized. This paper presents WearWrite, a system that enables users to write documents from their smartwatches by leveraging a crowd to help translate their ideas into text. WearWrite users dictate tasks, respond to questions, and receive notifications of major edits on their watch. Using a dynamic task queue, the crowd receives tasks issued by the watch user and generic tasks from the system. In a week-long study with seven smartwatch users supported by approximately 29 crowd workers each, we validate that it is possible to manage the crowd writing process from a watch. Watch users captured new ideas as they came to mind and managed a crowd during spare moments while going about their daily routine. WearWrite represents a new approach to getting work done from wearables using the crowd.
Tart cherry‐enriched diets reduce atherosclerosis and mortality in mice (2011)

Epidemiologic data suggest that anthocyanin intake is inversely related to cardiac mortality. In animals, intake of anthocyanin‐rich tart cherries reduces cardiovascular risk factors, but the specific effect upon atherosclerosis is unknown. Male ApoE‐null mice were provided diet containing 21% total fat. A cohort of ApoE‐null mice were provided 1% of the diet as tart cherry powder from pitted, individually quick frozen tart cherries. Diets were matched for calorie and carbohydrate content. Mice were sacrificed after five months of feeding. Cherry intake reduced serum oxidative stress marker malonyldialdehyde(−17%), inflammation marker C‐reactive protein(−36%), and total cholesterol(−26%). Cherry intake also reduced early mortality(−65%) and reduced lipid deposition in the aortic arch(−29%) and abdominal aorta(−8%). Several inflammation‐related mRNAs and proteins were altered in aortas of cherry‐fed mice including tumor necrosis factor‐α and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1. However, mRNA related to lipid uptake and storage were unchanged. The data suggest that cherry intake may have reduced atherosclerosis by reduced serum cholesterol and/or reduced local inflammation in the aortic wall, but not by altered cholesterol uptake, itself. In conclusion, anthocyanin‐rich tart cherry intake reduced atherosclerosis, biomarkers of cardiovascular risk, and atherosclerosis‐related mortality.
Role of Bag-1 in the Survival and Proliferation of the Cytokine-Dependent Lymphocyte Lines, Ba/F3 and Nb2 (1997)

The expression and function of the newly identified Bcl-2- and Raf-1- binding protein, Bag-1, during the cytokine-regulated growth of B and T cell lines was examined. Immunoblot analysis of lysates from the interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent B cell line Ba/F3, and the PRL-dependent T cell line Nb2, revealed that variations in Bag-1 levels paralleled alterations in cellular proliferation, viability, and apoptosis induced by the presence or absence of growth factor. To test whether up-regulation of Bag-1 levels altered cellular survival and proliferation, Ba/F3 cells were transfected with a Bag-1 expression construct. The overexpression of Bag-1 in transfected Ba/F3 cells induced an IL-3-independent state. Such transfectants demonstrated sustained viability and proliferation, with minimal apoptosis, in the complete absence of exogenous IL-3. Bag-1 expression was also compared in glucocorticoid-sensitive Nb2 cells and a PRL-independent, glucocorticoid-resistant subline, SFJCD1, during culture of these lines in dexamethasone (Dex). Bag-1 levels were profoundly decreased by the addition of Dex to Nb2 cells, precedent to the onset of apoptotic cell death. In contrast, Dex treatment or PRL withdrawal had no effect on levels of Bag-1 within the SFJCD1 line. These findings establish that the overexpression of Bag-1 in the appropriate cellular context promotes cellular survival and growth, events that may result from the juxtaposition of this protein with mitogenic and antiapoptotic signaling pathways.
High bandwidth energy storage devices for HEV/EV energy storage system (2014)

In a HEV or EV, analysis of the energy storage system (ESS) is often based on standard drive cycles sampled at a 1 Hz rate. The switching harmonics caused by the motor drive are well-known source of high-frequency harmonics on the ESS since perfect de-coupling using the capacitors native to the motor drive is not possible, but additional current harmonics flow between the 0.5 Hz (Nyquist frequency of sampling frequency) and the switching frequency because of the transient nature of load in automotive applications. This digest quantifies these harmonic currents, sizes high-bandwidth energy storage devices (ESDs) for ESS, and compares power loss reduction using measured RMS currents.
Effect of fiber architecture on permeability in liquid composite molding (1998)

Abstract This study investigates the effect of fiber architecture on the permeability in liquid composite molding. The in‐plane permeabilities of several glass fiber mats with different architectures were measured. A conceptual model based on the observed micro‐scale flow pattern is proposed to explain the measured permeability results. It is found that the size of the pores outside the fiber tows and how these pores are connected determine the permeability of a fiber reinforcement.