gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy and mechanism of action of cardiac progenitor cells after cardiac injury (2022)

Successful cell therapy requires cells to resist the hostile ischemic myocardium, be retained to continue secreting cardioprotective growth factors/exosomes, and resist immunological host responses. Clinically relevant stem/progenitor cells in a rodent model of acute myocardial infarction (MI) demonstrated that neonatal cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (nMSCs) provide the most robust cardiac functional recovery. Transplanted nMSCs significantly increased the number of tissue reparative macrophages and regulatory T-cells and decreased monocyte-derived inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils in the host myocardium. mRNA microarray and single-cell analyses combined with targeted depletion studies established CD47 in nMSCs as a key molecule responsible for cell retention in the myocardium through an antiphagocytic mechanism regulated by miR34a-5p. Gain and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that miR34a-5p also regulated the production of exosomes and cardioprotective paracrine factors in the nMSC secretome. In conclusion, miR34a-5p and CD47 play an important role in determining the composition of nMSCs' secretome and immune evasion, respectively.
HPPD Herbicide-Safener Combinations as Resistance Breaking Solutions for 21stCentury Agriculture (2015)

Modern agricultural practices are facing a major challenge to their sustainability due to the worldwide spread of herbicide resistant weeds. To combat this problem, it is important that existing herbicides are preserved and that new herbicidal solutions are developed. Herbicide-safener combinations, as exemplified by the HPPD inhibitor pyrasulfotole, which is sold as a mixture with the safener mefenpyr-diethyl for broadleaf weed control in cereals, offer a new way to manage resistance issues. The safener ensures good crop selectivity, which had previously been problematic with this mode of action (MoA) and had prevented the use of HPPD chemistry in cereals. This represents the first new MoA introduced into cereal cultivation for over 20 years and provides cereal farmers with a valuable tool for the management of resistant weed populations. The usage has been extended to enable the control of herbicide resistant Amaranths in grain sorghum.
High-Performance CO2-Selective Hybrid Membranes by Exploiting MOF-Breathing Effects (2019)

Conventional CO<sub>2</sub> separation in the petrochemical industry via cryogenic distillation or amine-based absorber-stripper units is energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly. Membrane-based gas separation technology, in contrast, has contributed significantly to the development of energy-efficient systems for processes such as natural gas purification. The implementation of commercial polymeric membranes in gas separation processes is restricted by their permeability-selectivity trade-off and by their insufficient thermal and chemical stability. Herein, we present the fabrication of a Matrimid-based membrane loaded with a breathing metal-organic framework (MOF) (NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-53(Al)) which is capable of separating binary CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> gas mixtures with high selectivities without sacrificing much of its CO<sub>2</sub> permeabilities. NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-53(Al) crystals were embedded in a polyimide (PI) matrix, and the mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) were treated at elevated temperatures (up to 350 °C) in air to trigger PI cross-linking and to create PI-MOF bonds at the interface to effectively seal the grain boundary. Most importantly, the MOF transitions from its narrow-pore form to its large-pore form during this treatment, which allows the PI chains to partly penetrate the pores and cross-link with the amino functions at the pore mouth of the NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-53(Al) and stabilizes the open-pore form of NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-53(Al). This cross-linked MMM, with MOF pore entrances was made more selective by the anchored PI-chains and achieves outstanding CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> selectivities. This approach provides significant advancement toward the design of selective MMMs with enhanced thermal and chemical stabilities which could also be applicable for other potential applications, such as separation of hydrocarbons (olefin/paraffin or isomers), pervaporation, and solvent-resistant nanofiltration.
A generalization of the Baum algorithm to rational objective functions (2003)

The well-known Baum-Eagon (1967) inequality provides an effective iterative scheme for finding a local maximum for homogeneous polynomials with positive coefficients over a domain of probability values. However, in a large class of statistical problems, such as those arising in speech recognition based on hidden Markov models, it was found that estimation of parameters via some other criteria that use conditional likelihood, mutual information, or the recently introduced H-criteria can give better results than maximum-likelihood estimation. These problems require finding maxima for rational functions over domains of probability values, and an analog of the Baum-Eagon inequality for rational functions makes it possible to use an E-M (expectation-maximization) algorithm for maximizing these functions. The authors describe this extension.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Limits on Gravitational-Wave Emission from Selected Pulsars Using LIGO Data (2005)

We place direct upper limits on the amplitude of gravitational waves from 28 isolated radio pulsars by a coherent multidetector analysis of the data collected during the second science run of the LIGO interferometric detectors. These are the first direct upper limits for 26 of the 28 pulsars. We use coordinated radio observations for the first time to build radio-guided phase templates for the expected gravitational-wave signals. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set strain upper limits as low as a few times 10(-24). These strain limits translate into limits on the equatorial ellipticities of the pulsars, which are smaller than 10(-5) for the four closest pulsars.
Fast IEEE Rounding for Division by Functional Iteration (1996)

A class of high performance division algorithms is functional iteration. Division by functional iteration uses multiplication as the fundamental operator. The main advantage of division by functional iteration is quadratic convergence to the quotient. However, unlike non-restoring division algorithms such as SRT division, functional iteration does not directly provide a final remainder. This makes fast and exact rounding difficult. This paper clarifies the methodology for correct IEEE compliant rounding for quadratically-converging division algorithms. It proposes an extension to previously reported techniques of using extended precision in the computation to reduce the frequency of back multiplications required to obtain the final remainder. Further, a technique applicable to all IEEE rounding modes is presented which replaces the final subtraction for remainder computation with very simple combinational logic. Key Words and Phrases: Division, Goldschmidt&amp;apos;s algorithm, IEEE rounding, Newton-Raphson, variable latency
Combining multi-species genomic data for microRNA identification using a Naïve Bayes classifier (2006)

Our study shows that the application of machine learning techniques, along with the integration of data from multiple species is a useful and general approach for miRNA gene prediction. Based on our experiments, we believe that this new technique is applicable to an extensive range of eukaryotes' genomes. Specific structure and sequence features are first used to identify miRNAs followed by a comparative analysis to decrease the number of false positives (FPs). The resulting algorithm exhibits higher specificity and similar sensitivity compared to currently used algorithms that rely on conserved genomic regions to decrease the rate of FPs.
OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY AS AN INVERSE RADIATION PROBLEM (2007)

Optical tomography belongs to the promising set of non-invasive methods for probing applications of semi-transparent media. This covers a wide range of fields. Nowadays, it is mainly driven by medical imaging in search of new less aggressive and affordable probe means. This review paper aims at presenting the most recent research accomplished in our laboratories as well as that of collaborative institutions considering the development of imaging algorithms. The light transport modelling is not an open question as it used to be. Research is now focused on data treatment and reconstruction. Since the turn of the century, the exploding power of low cost computing has permitted the development of enhanced imaging algorithms with great potential. Some of these developments are already on the verge of clinical applications. This review paper presents these developments and also provides some insights on still unresolved challenges. Intrinsic difficulties are identified and promising directions for solutions are discussed.
Modeling the Kerr-Nonlinearity in Mode-Division Multiplexing Fiber Transmission Systems on GPUs (2018)

We discuss the GPU-acceleration of MDM transmission system simulations and how the required memory can be drastically reduced to simulate a high number of modes. Furthermore, we show how to reduce the runtime.
Short-term repeatability of joint space width measurements using a magnetic resonance imaging compatible knee positioning device (2010)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible knee positioning device to aid in minimizing intratechnologist and intertechnologist differences of minimum joint space width (JSW) measurements. Five subjects were scanned by two separate technologists, with and without an MRI-compatible positioning device. A semi-automated program calculated the minimum JSW of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. The scan-to-scan repeatability was evaluated from measurements between serial scans without subject repositioning, and the intratechnologist and intertechnologist repeatabilities were evaluated when the subject was removed from the magnet and repositioned by an individual technologist. The root mean square (RMS) error of the JSW measurements was also calculated. All measures of scan-to-scan repeatability and intratechnologist repeatability were unchanged with the MRI-compatible positioning device. The intertechnologist repeatability decreased from 0.70 to 0.42 mm, and the RMS error was significantly reduced (P = 0.0006) from 0.26 to 0.15 mm for the tibiofemoral joint. The variability of patellofemoral JSW measurements increased when using the positioning device; however, the increases were not statistically significant. The intertechnologist repeatability increased from 1.55 to 1.79 mm, and the RMS error increased from 0.58 to 0.73 mm. The MRI-compatible positioning device was successful at reducing JSW measurement variability at the tibiofemoral joint. The increase in measurement variability at the patellofemoral joint may be due to local incongruities of the articular surfaces. An MRI-compatible positioning device may be beneficial for quantitative longitudinal studies evaluating knee joint health.
Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) Nanowires Synthesized by Cyclic Electrodeposition/Stripping Coupled with Step Edge Decoration (2004)

Polycrystalline bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanowires have been prepared by the step edge selective electrodeposition of Bi2Te3 on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces. Bi2Te3 nanowires were obtained from an aqueous plating solution containing Bi3+ and HTeO2+ using a three-step procedure: (1) potentiostatic oxidation of the graphite surface at +0.8 V (vs saturated calomel electrode, SCE), (2) potentiostatic nucleation of Bi2Te3 at −0.6 V for 5 ms, (3) growth of Bi2Te3 from these nuclei by cyclic electrodeposition (of both Bi2Te3 and bismuth) and stripping (of bismuth only) between +0.30 V and −0.05 V at 20 mV s-1. Control of the number of electrodeposition/stripping scans allowed the diameter of Bi2Te3 nanowires to be specified in the range from 100 to 300 nm. Bi2Te3 nanowires were narrowly dispersed in diameter (RSDdia = 10−20%), were up to 1.0 mm in length, and were organized into parallel arrays containing hundreds of wires.
Flexible organic transistors with submicron channel lengths and gate-to-contact overlaps (2021)

Using direct-write electron-beam lithography, low-voltage organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) with channel lengths and parasitic gate-to-source and gate-to-drain overlaps as small as 100 nm have been fabricated on flexible polymeric substrates. Despite the small channel lengths and gate-to-contact overlaps, these TFTs display good static current-voltage characteristics, including on/off current ratios of nine orders of magnitude, subthreshold swings of about 100 mV/decade, turn-on voltages of 0 V, negligibly small threshold-voltage roll-off, and contact resistances below 1 kOhm-cm. TFTs with such small critical dimensions are of interest for high-frequency applications.
Diverse Stereocontrol Effects Induced by Weakly Coordinating Anions. Stereospecific Olefin Polymerization Pathways at Archetypal Cs- and C1-Symmetric Metallocenium Catalysts Using Mono- and Polynuclear Halo-perfluoroarylmetalates as Cocatalysts (2007)

Counteranion effects on propylene polymerization rates and stereoselectivities are compared using Cs-symmetric Me2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrMe2 (1; Cp = C5H4,eta5-cyclopentadienyl; Flu = C13H8, eta5-fluorenyl) and C1-symmetric Me2Si(OHF)(CpR*)ZrMe2 (2; OHF = C13H16, eta5-octahydrofluorenyl; CpR* = eta5-3-(-)-menthylcyclopentadienyl) precatalysts activated with the mononuclear and polynuclear perfluoroarylborate, -aluminate, and -gallate cocatalysts/activators B(C6F5)3 (3), B(o-C6F5C6F4)3 (4), Al(C6F5)3 (5), Ph3C+B(C6F5)4- (6) Ph3C+FAl(o-C6F5C6F4)3- (7), Ga(C6F5)3 (8), and recently reported mono- and polymetallic trityl perfluoroarylhalometalates Ph3C+FB(C6F5)3- (9), Ph3C+FB(o-C6F5C6F4)3- (10), (Ph3C+)xFx[Al(C6F5)3]yx- (x = 1, y = 1, 11; x = 1, y = 2, 12; x = 2, y = 3, 13), Ph3C+(C6F5)3AlFAl(o-C6F5C6F4)3- (14), Ph3C+XAl(C6F5)3- (X = Cl, 15; X = Br, 16), and Ph3C+F[Ga(C6F5)3]2- (17). Temperature, propylene concentration, and solvent polarity dependence are surveyed in polymerizations catalyzed by 1 activated with cocatalysts 3-16 and with a 1:2 ratio of Ph3CCl and 5, and with a 1:2 ratio of Ph3CBr and 5, and by 2 activated with 3, 6, 7, 12, and 14. Remarkable stereocontrol with high activities is observed for 1 + 12 and 1 + 14. Polypropylene samples produced using C1-symmetric precatalyst 2 are subjected to microstructural analyses using stochastic models describing the relative contributions of enantiofacial misinsertion and backskip processes. A powerful technique is introduced for calculating interparametric correlation matrices for these nonlinear stochastic models. The collected results significantly extend what is known about ion-pairing effects in the case of Cs-symmetric precatalyst 1 and allow these findings to be applied to the case of C1-symmetric precatalyst 2 as an agent of isospecific propylene polymerization.
Elevating Energy Density for Sodium-Ion Batteries through Multielectron Reactions (2021)

It remains a great challenge to explore desirable cathodes for sodium-ion batteries to satisfy the ever-increasing demand for large-scale energy storage systems. In this Letter, we report a NASICON-structured Na<sub>4</sub>MnCr(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> cathode with high specific capacity and operation potential. The reversible access of the Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Mn<sup>3+</sup> (3.75/3.4 V), Mn<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>4+</sup> (4.25/4.1 V), and Cr<sup>3+</sup>/Cr<sup>4+</sup> (4.4/4.3 V vs Na/Na<sup>+</sup>) redox couples in a Na<sub>4</sub>MnCr(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> cathode endows a distinct three-electron redox reaction during the insertion/extraction process. The highly stable NASICON structure with a small volume variation upon cycling ensures long-time cycling stability (73.3% capacity retention after 500 cycles within the potential region of 2.5-4.6 V). The impedance analysis and interface characterization indicate that the evolution of a cathode electrolyte interphase at high potential is correlated with the capacity fading, while the robustness of the NASICON framework is redemonstrated.
Semigeostrophic Flow over Orography in a Stratified Rotating Atmosphere. Part III. Evaluation of a Lee Cyclogenesis Mechanism (1990)

Three-dimensional, adiabatic, inviscid flow over orography is examined by means of a semigeostrophic model expressed in isentropic coordinates. A nondimensional mountain height ε/D ≲ 0.5, based on the deformation depth D ∼ 3 × 103 m, and a Rossby number Ro ≲ 0.3, based on the mountain breadth L ≲ 3.5 × 105 m and a constant Coriolis parameter, f, provide constraints on the flow field. Vortex tube stretching is evaluated as a mechanism for lee cyclogenesis. It is shown that the convergence of both planetary and geostrophic relative vorticity filaments enhances geostrophic cyclonic vorticity in a semi-geostrophic model. In contrast, ageostrophic cyclonic vorticity is weakened by convergence. These features are illustrated in a numerical simulation of flow over an isentropic isolated mountain. The initial state is characterized by an isolated region of ageostrophic cyclonic vorticity in the lee of the obstacle, accompanied by convergence. A potential vorticity disturbance, associated with an internal cold front and a two-dimensional upper-level jet, is advected over the isolated obstacle. In principle, the coupling of ascending motion ahead of the disturbance with descending motion in the lee provides vortex tube stretching. It is shown that this mechanism does not initiate lee cyclogenesis in either a quasi-geostrophic or semigeostrophic model with isentropic boundaries. In particular, horizontal convergence and vertical stretching are significantly diminished by the intrusion of weakly stratified air into the lee. Additionally, the ageostrophic cyclonic vorticity present in the initial state is not effectively enhanced by vortex tube stretching, according to the ageostrophic vorticity theorem for semigeostrophic flow. The absence of both blocking by the obstacle and potential temperature gradients along the lower boundary is suggested as a possible reason for the failure of vortex tube stretching to initiate lee cyclogenesis in the model presented here.
Combinatorial Approaches to Recognition of Chirality: Preparation and Use of Materials for the Separation of Enantiomers (2000)

Introduction Engineering of a chiral separation medium Chiral selectors Design of new chiral selectors In pursuit of high selectivity Acceleration of the discovery process Reciprocal approach Combinatorial chemistry Library of cyclic oligopeptides as additives to background electrolyte for chiral capillary electrophoresis Library of chiral cyclophanes Modular synthesis of a mixed one-bead — one-selector library Combinatorial libraries of selectors for HPLC On-bead solid-phase synthesis of chiral dipeptides Reciprocal screening of parallel library Reciprocal screening of mixed libraries Library-on-bead Conclusion
Propiedades de barrido de haz en agrupaciones de antenas utilizando elementos inspirados en el fractal de Sierpinski (2004)

A microstrip array using high-directivity
Sierpinski fractal-inspired elements (under-sampled array)
needs less elements than an array using elements operating
at the fundamental mode (conventional array). Within the
same electrical area, both the under-sampled and the
conventional arrays present the same directivity. The
advantage of the under-sampled array is that as a less
number of elements is needed, it simplifies the feeding
network facilitating the integration of other microwave
components such as amplifiers, filters, and matching
networks for example. Previous research has been carried
out for under-sampled broadside array. In this paper,
scanning properties of the under-sampled array are
investigated.
High Yield Sample Preconcentration Using a Highly Ion-Conductive Charge-Selective Polymer (2020)

The development and analysis of a microfluidic sample preconcentration system using a highly ion-conductive charge-selective polymer (poly-AMPS) is reported. The preconcentration is based on the phenomenon of concentration polarization which develops at the boundaries of the poly-AMPS with buffer solutions. A negatively charged polymer, poly-AMPS, positioned between two microchannels efficiently extracts cations through its large cross section, resulting in efficient anion sample preconcentration. The present work includes the development of a robust polymer that is stable over a wide range of buffers with varying chemical compositions. The sample preconcentration effect remains linear to over 3 mM (0.15 pmol) and 500 μM (15 fmol) for fluorescein and TRITC-tagged albumin solutions, respectively. The system can potentially be used for concentrating proteins on microfluidic devices with subsequent analysis for proteomic applications.
Domain-wall dynamics at micropatterned constrictions in ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As epilayers (2005)

The influence of sub-μm geometric constrictions on 90° magnetic domain-wall nucleation and propagation in stripes of ferromagnetic (Ga0.95,Mn0.05)As was explored. Measurements of the magnetic switching behavior were performed during ramping of an external magnetic field at constant rate and at constant field in the time domain. Demagnetizing fields are found to play a crucial role in the switching behavior around the region of the constriction. Depending on the sample’s initial magnetization the constriction can either assist domain-wall nucleation or hinder its propagation.
Establishment and Properties of Neural Stem Cell Clones: Plasticity In Vitro and In Vivo (1999)

The study of the basic physiology of the neural precursors generated during brain development is driven by two inextricably linked goals. First, such knowledge is instrumental to our understanding of how the high degree of cellular complexity of the mature central nervous system (CNS) is generated, and how to dissect the steps of proliferation, fate commitment, and differentiation that lead early pluripotent neural progenitors to give rise to mature CNS cells. Second, it is hoped that the isolation, propagation, and manipulation of brain precursors and, particularly, of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs), will lead to therapeutic applications in neurological disorders. The debate is still open concerning the most appropriate definition of a stem cell and on how it is best identified, characterized, and manipulated. By adopting an operational definition of NSCs, we review some of the basic findings in this area and elaborate on their potential therapeutic applications. Further, we discuss recent evidence from our two groups that describe, based on that rigorous definition, the isolation and propagation of clones of NSCs from the human fetal brain and illustrate how they have begun to show promise for neural cell replacement and molecular support therapy in models of degenerative CNS diseases. The extensive propagation and engraftment potential of human CNS stem cells may, in the not-too-distant-future, be directed towards genuine clinical therapeutic ends, and may open novel and multifaceted strategies for redressing a variety of heretofore untreatable CNS dysfunctions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Monodisperse, Controlled‐Length, and Functionalized Oligoanilines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.