gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacity analysis of LDM-based DTV system with flexible MIMO configuration (2016)

Layered-Division-Multiplexing (LDM) is a physical-layer non-orthogonal multiplexing (NOM) technology that can efficiently deliver multiple digital TV services with different requirements on throughput and robustness. In literature, channel capacity analysis has been conducted to prove the fundamental advantage of LDM over T/FDM systems when delivering mixed services with different SNR thresholds. Previous analysis only considers wireless systems with single-antenna at both transmitters and receivers. Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technologies are the key technologies in modern wireless systems to achieve higher spectrum efficiency. As a multiple-layer transmission system, LDM offers an additional freedom to deploy different MIMO technologies in the different signal layers, which results in different channel capacity distribution among the multiple layers. In this paper, we conduct capacity analysis on the achievable transmission capacities in a two-layer LDM system with flexible MIMO configurations, and the capacity distribution among the multiple layers. The analysis will provide insights into the optimization of various MIMO configurations for different application scenarios. Finally, we show that different MIMO technologies can be flexibly incorporated in an LDM system with minimal additional complexity.
Novel molecular-based fluorescent nanoparticles for three-photon excited microscopy at 1700 nm (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Recent studies showed that the excitation spectral window lying between 1.6 and 1.8 μm is optimal for in-depth three-photon microscopy of intact tissues due to the reduced scattering and absorption in this wavelength range. Hence, millimeter penetration depth imaging in a living mouse brain has been demonstrated, demonstrating a major potential for neurosciences. Further improvements of this approach, towards much higher imaging frame rates (up to 15-20 s/frame in previous achievements) requires the development of advanced molecular optical probes specifically designed for three-photon excited fluorescence in the 1.6 -1.8 μm spectral range. In order to achieve large three-photon brightness at 1700 nm, novel molecular-based fluorescent nanoparticles which combine strong absorption in the green-yellow region, remarkable stability and photostability in aqueous and biological conditions have been designed using a bottom-up route. Due to the multipolar nature of the dedicated dyes subunits, these nanoparticles show large nonlinear absorption in the NIR region. These new dyes have been experimentally characterized through the measurement of their three-photon action cross-section, fluorescence spectra and lifetimes using a monolithically integrated high repetition rate all-fiber femtosecond laser based on soliton self-frequency shift providing 9 nJ, 75 fs pulses at 1700 nm. The main result is that their brightness could be several orders of magnitude larger than the one of Texas Red in the 1700 nm excitation window. Ongoing experiments involving the use of these new dyes for in vivo cerebral angiography on a mouse model will be presented and the route towards three-photon endomicroscopy will be discussed.
Polymer Nanogels as Reservoirs To Inhibit Hydrophobic Drug Crystallization (2019)

The effects of cross-link density and composition on the loading and in vitro dissolution of the drug phenytoin as amorphous solid dispersions in emulsion polymerized poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and poly( N-isopropylacrylamide- co- N, N-dimethylacrylamide) nanogels were investigated near the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Nanogel size and particle density in phosphate buffered saline were quantified by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and viscometry experiments, while drug-nanogel interactions were revealed by cross peaks in aqueous-state nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy measurements. Spray-dried dispersions (SDDs) of drug-loaded PNIPAm nanogel particles ( R ≈ 43 nm) were directly visualized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and further quantified by small-angle X-ray scattering during in vitro dissolution. SDD dissolution profiles were highly dependent on the nanogel cross-link density and directly correlated with the state of dispersion of the drug-loaded nanogel particles. A balance between net particle hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity along with the distance in temperature from the LCST are shown to dictate the in vitro dissolution of the amorphous solid dispersions. Solubility enhancement mechanisms disclosed in this study provide essential guidance for the design of effective nanogels for oral drug delivery applications.
Cover Image, Volume 121, Number 8‐9, August 2020 (2020)

Front Cover: The cover image is based on the ORIGINAL ARTICLE From clinical specimens to human cancer preclinical models—a journey the NCI–cell line database—25 years later by James L. Mulshine et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29564.
Lcuts: Linear Clustering of Bacteria Using Recursive Graph Cuts (2019)

Bacterial biofilm segmentation poses significant challenges due to lack of apparent structure, poor imaging resolution, limited contrast between conterminous cells and high density of cells that overlap. Although there exist bacterial segmentation algorithms in the existing art, they fail to delineate cells in dense biofilms, especially in 3D imaging scenarios in which the cells are growing and subdividing in a complex manner. A graph-based data clustering method, £Cuts, is presented with the application on bacterial cell segmentation. By constructing a weighted graph with node features in locations and principal orientations, the proposed method can automatically classify and detect differently oriented aggregations of linear structures (represent by bacteria in the application). The method assists in the assessment of several facets, such as bacterium tracking, cluster growth, and mapping of migration patterns of bacterial biofilms. Quantitative and qualitative measures for 2D data demonstrate the superiority of proposed method over the state of the art. Preliminary 3D results exhibit reliable classification of the cells with 97% accuracy.
Introduction and WHO perspective on the global burden of musculoskeletal conditions (2002)

peer reviewed
Ladder-Lattice BAW Filters: Concepts, Design and Implementation (2008)

International audience
Relation Between Shear Viscosity and Morphology in Lung Surfactant Monolayer (2001)

Abstract The primary function of lung surfactant monolayers (LS) is to control and reduce surface tension in the lung permitting easy breathing. to do this, the monolayer must maintain coverage of the entire lung surface during the rapid surface area changes which accompany breathing. We use a magnetic needle viscometer and optical microscopy to determine the relationship between monolayer shear viscosity, which controls its two-dimensional flow properties, and synthetic lung surfactant composition. We show that, within a specific range, palmitic acid interacts with DPPC/POPG to make lung surfactant rigid at low surface tension (or high surface pressure) and fluid at high surface tension. This enables the monolayer to attain near zero surface tensions during compression yet respread easily at high surface tension More palmitic acid makes the monolayer more rigid and eventually increases the collapse surface tension while reducing the readsorption rate at high surface tension.
SiO-.cntdot. .cntdot. .cntdot.HOSi Hydrogen Bonds in As-Synthesized High-Silica Zeolites (1995)

The high-silica zeolites NON, DDR, MTW, AFI, and MFI synthesized with organic quaternary ammonium cations show in the as-synthesized form a line at 10.2 ± 0.2 ppm in the ^1H MAS NMR spectra that does not originate from the organic structure directing agents (SDA's). This signal is assigned to SiO^-•••HOSi hydrogen bonds between defect sites with an O•••O distance of 2.7 Å. The presence of Q^3 sites is confirmed by ^(29)Si MAS NMR. The intensity of the line at 10.2 ppm in the ^1H MAS NMR spectra decreases when the positive charge of the quaternary ammonium cations is balanced by negative framework charge by the incorporation of aluminum or boron into the zeolite structure or when the amount of defects is reduced by using fluoride ions as mineralizing agents in the synthesis. Diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy of high-silica MFI reveals a broad band centered at 3200 cm^(-1) for the O-H stretching vibration of the SiO^-•••HOSi hydrogen bonds and the O•••O distance compares well to that obtained from ^1H MAS NMR data. Heating the sample induces protonation of the siloxy groups of the hydrogen bonds due to the decomposition of the organic tetrapropylammonium cations followed by the disappearance of the SiO^-•••HOSi hydrogen bonds. For MFI prepared with deuterated tetrapropylammonium cations, it is found that approximately one to two hydrogen-bonded protons in these defect sites exist per quaternary ammonium cation. Other ^1H NMR lines are found at 6.5 and 4.5-5.5 ppm and are assigned to silanol groups forming weaker hydrogen bonds and water molecules associated with alkali-metal cations, respectively. A model of the defect sites in as-synthesized high-silica zeolites is proposed.
Abstract C222: Voreloxin is synergistic in in vitro combination with cytarabine and additive in combination with azacitidine, decitabine, and clofarabine (2009)

Abstract Voreloxin is a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative that intercalates DNA and poisons topoisomerase II (Stockett et al. and Hawtin et al., AACR 2008). This leads to replication-dependent, site-selective DNA double strand breaks (DSB) targeting G/C-rich sequences that are characteristic sites of quinolone-induced DNA cleavage (Noble et al., 2003; Richter et al., 2007; Stockett et al., AACR 2008). A consequence of this DNA damage is G2 arrest, and cell death by apoptosis. Voreloxin is under clinical investigation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and ovarian cancer. Clinical responses have been observed in these indications (Lancet et al., ASCO 2009; Maris et al., ASCO 2009; McGuire et al., SGO 2008), as well as in NSCLC and SCLC (Burris et al., ECCO 2007). The current analysis was performed in support of a Phase 1b/2 clinical study (SPO-0012) of voreloxin in combination with cytarabine in relapsed or refractory AML, and to investigate the feasibility for combining voreloxin with other agents currently in clinical use for the treatment of AML. The cytotoxicity of of voreloxin in combination with cytarabine was evaluated in 3 acute leukemic cell lines (HL-60 acute promyelocytic (APL), MV4-11 Flt-3 ITD positive AML and CCRF-CEM acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)). The cytotoxicity of voreloxin in combination with the nucleoside analog hypomethylating agents azacitidine, decitabine (pyrimidine analogs), and clofarabine (purine analog) was also studied in the HL-60 APL cell line. Cytotoxicity was assessed by proliferation inhibition. The combined activity of voreloxin and cytarabine was evaluated using the combination index (CI) analysis method, in which each drug is serially diluted based on either 10X or 1X single agent IC50 values. The combination was synergistic in the AML cell lines MV4-11 and HL-60, as demonstrated by a leftward shift in the voreloxin IC50 curves and calculated CI less than 0.85. In the ALL cell line CCRF-CEM, an additive increase in cytotoxicity was observed with CI of ≤ 0.99. Voreloxin in combination with azacitidine, decitabine or clofarabine was evaluated after simultaneous or sequential addition of the drugs. The combinations were analyzed by: 1) serial-dilution of voreloxin combined with a fixed dose (IC10) of the second compound, and 2) fixed dose (IC10) of voreloxin combined with a serial dilution of the second compound. No significant change in activity was observed when compared with the single-agent activity of each compound. Sequential dosing of the agents did not alter the cytotoxicity of the reagents in combination. These data support the ongoing phase 1b/2 clinical study of voreloxin in combination with cytarabine in relapsed or refractory AML and demonstrate the feasibility for combining voreloxin with other DNA damaging agents currently in clinical use for the treatment of AML. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C222.
Samara: Biologically Inspired Self-Deploying Sensor Networks (2015)

The early detection of wildfires with monitoring sensors can improve the effectiveness of fire responders, decreasing the destruction of property and saving lives. However, distributing these sensors across a wide area is an expensive and laborsome task. Furthermore, the cost of the sensors themselves may be high, limiting their practicality in instrumenting large wilderness areas. By integrating aerodynamic structures into the sensor module printed circuit board, a reliable aerial deployment mechanism may be constructed.
CHOP Improves Response Rates but Not Overall Survival in Follicular and Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL)- Results of a Randomized Trial of the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG). (2004)

Abstract In advanced stage follicular lymphoma conventional chemotherapy is non-curative and no major improvement in overall survival has been achieved by different regimens. Similarly, MCL, a lymphoma subtype with an especially poor clinical outcome, cannot be cured by conventional chemotherapy. In 1996, the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG) started a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of two different anthracycline/anthrachinon containing regimens comparing CHOP (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 day 1, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 day 2, adriamycine 50 mg/m2 day 1, prednisone 100 mg/m2 days 1–5) and MCP (mitoxantrone 8 mg/m2 days 1–2, chlorambucil 3x3 mg/m2 days 1–5; prednisone 25 mg/m2 days 1–5). 415 previously untreated patients with advanced stage indolent lymphoma were prospectively randomized to receive either 6–8 cycles of CHOP or MCP and are evaluable for induction therapy. 277 patients (67%) had a follicular lymphoma, 86 (21%) had a mantle cell lymphoma and 52 (13%) patients had another indolent histology. Responders up to 60 years were subsequently assigned to either myeloablative radiochemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation or to interferon-a maintenance (IFNa ), all other patients received IFNa. As stem cell mobilization was hampered in the MCP arm (only 44% sucessful mobilisations after MCP, 93% after CHOP; p=0.0003), from July 1998 all younger patients were asssigned to the CHOP arm. 86% complete and partial remissions (18% CR) were observed in the CHOP arm, whereas after MCP an overall response rate of 77% was obtained (14% CR, p=0.0094). In subgroup analysis similar improvement of remission rates were detected in follicular lymphoma (91% vs 82%, p=0.026) and mantle cell lymphomas (87% vs 73%, p=0.080). No differences, were observed, however, between both regimens for progression-free survival in both lymphoma subtypes. Overall survival was comparable for FL in both study arms (74% vs 69% at five years, p=0.29). In MCL, overall survival was slightly higher in the CHOP arm (5y OS: 57% vs. 31%; p=0.0578), but this difference was mostly due to unbalanced patient characteristics (IPI). In conclusion, CHOP appears superior to MCP in achieving a higher initial response rate but has no long term impact on response duration or overall survival.
Design of a radiopharmaceutical for the palliation of painful bone metastases: rhenium‐186‐labeled bisphosphonate derivative (2004)

Abstract To develop a radiopharmaceutical for the palliation of painful bone metastases based on the concept of bifunctional radiopharmaceuticals, we designed a bisphosphonate derivative attached to a stable 186 Re‐monoaminemonoamidedithiol (MAMA) chelate ( 186 Re‐MAMA‐BP) to improve the instability of 186 Re‐HEDP. The precursor (Tr‐MAMA‐BP) of 186 Re‐MAMA‐BP was synthesized by coupling the carboxyl group of the Tr‐MAMA derivative with the amino group of the bisphosphonate derivative. This 186 Re‐labeled compound was prepared by a ligand exchange reaction using 186 Re‐glucoheptonate with a radiochemical yield of 32.0 ± 4.1%. In the incubation study in buffered solution (pH 7.0), 186 Re‐MAMA‐BP was more stable than 186 Re‐HEDP. This suggests that 186 Re‐MAMA‐BP is a potential radiopharmaceutical for the palliation of painful bone metastases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Validity of Intermittent Infusion Hemodiafiltration (2019)

Several clinical trials of I-HDF have been conducted in Japan. (1) In a 2007 study, despite there being no differences noted in the volume of water removal between hemodialysis (HD) and I-HDF, a significantly lower rate of reduction in the time-averaged blood volume was seen in I-HDF than in HD, so the plasma refilling rate was greater during I-HDF. (2) In a 2015 study, at 13 weeks after a switch from HD, I-HDF was found to be significantly superior to HD in terms of the incidence of events needing intervention by medical staff. However, significantly lower blood β2-microglobulin (MG) and α1-MG levels were observed in the predilution online HDF (pre-HDF) group than in the I-HDF group, and the amount of albumin leak was lower in the I-HDF group than in the pre-HDF group. (3) In a 2017 study, compared with HD, I-HDF was associated with a reduced number of interventions for intradialytic hypotension and less severe tachycardia, suggesting less sympathetic stimulation during I-HDF. Key messages: I-HDF is a valid treatment option because it is associated with an increased plasma refilling rate and fewer interventions needed by medical staff.
Endovascular Treatment of Multiple Visceral Artery Paradoxical Emboli with Mechanical and Pharmacological Thrombolysis (2000)

Purpose: To report a case of paradoxical emboli to multiple visceral vessels treated with both mechanical (AngioJet device) and pharmacological (urokinase) thrombolysis. Methods and Results: A 72-year-old man presented with a 48-hour history of symptomatic right renal ischemia, which was treated with heparinization. Five days later, an abrupt creatinine elevation prompted arteriography, which demonstrated thromboembolism of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and both renal arteries. The AngioJet aspiration device was employed to successfully remove the clot from the SMA; urokinase infusion restored flow to the left kidney. At the 16-month follow-up evaluation, the patient was normotensive without medication and had a stable creatinine (1.4 mg/dL). Conclusions: Because of its speed and minimal morbidity, the AngioJet device may be an attractive alternative to surgical embolectomy or pharmacological thrombolysis in highly selected cases of acute visceral artery thromboembolism.
The future NHS: time for another change? (2014)

The future NHS: time for another change?
Integrated Nanosensors to Determine Levels and Functional Activity of Human Telomerase (2008)

Telomerase is a key oncogenic enzyme, and a number of novel telomerase inhibitors are currently under development. Because inhibition can be achieved either at the protein or at the enzymatic activity level, independent measurements of these parameters are important in the development of effective therapeutic agents. In the current study, we have developed a set of functional magnetic nanosensors capable of measuring the concentration of telomerase, as well as its enzymatic activity in parallel. The method is based on a magnetic relaxation switch assay, which can be performed in crude tissue samples and is fast and extremely sensitive. Using this method, we were able to detect different amounts of telomerase protein and activity in various cancer and normal cell lines. Furthermore, we were able to study the effect of phosphorylation on telomerase activity. This system not only could provide a rapid assay for the evaluation of antitelomerase therapies but could also be implemented to the study of other cancer markers.
Magnetic properties of gadolinium substituted Bi2Te3 thin films (2013)

Thin film GdBiTe3 has been proposed as a candidate material in which to observe the quantum anomalous Hall effect. As a thermal non-equilibrium deposition method, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has the ability to incorporate large amounts of Gd into Bi2Te3 crystal structures. High-quality rhombohedral (GdxBi1−x)2Te3 films with substitutional Gd concentrations of x ≤ 0.4 were grown by MBE. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy shows that the topological surface state remains intact up to the highest Gd concentration. Magnetoresistance measurements show weak antilocalization, indicating strong spin orbit interaction. Magnetometry reveals that the films are paramagnetic with a magnetic moment of 6.93 μB per Gd3+ ion.
Suppression of malignant phenotype of human neuroblastoma by thrombospondin-1 peptide in combination with valproic acid (2006)

B1 Background: More effective treatment strategies are desperately needed for children with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). Anti-angiogenic agents and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are capable of suppressing the growth of many types of adult cancer, but little is known about the efficacy of these agents in pediatric malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) peptide (ABT-510), in combination with the HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA) on NB proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth.Methods: Two MYCN-amplified NB cell lines (SMS-KCNR and NMB) were used to test ABT-510 and VPA anti-tumor efficacy, alone or combination. ABT-510, is a modified nonapeptide based on a heptapeptide sequence from the second type-I repeat of TSP-1. MTT assays, TUNEL assays and flow cytometry were used to measure proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle respectively. Nude mice bearing subcutaneous NB tumors were treated one time per day with ABT-510 (IP, 40mg/kg) or VPA (IP, 400mg/kg) alone or in combination, once tumors were palpable or tumor size reached a volume larger than 380 mm3. Mice with less advanced tumors or with larger tumors at the start of treatment were sacrificed after 20 or 10 days, respectively. Tumors were excised and analyzed for apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis.Results: Our studies showed that VPA at a minimum concentration of 1 mM inhibited NB cell proliferation. Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis were seen at a minimum concentration of 2.5 mM VPA. However, ABT-510 at a maximum concentration of 1 μM had no effect. VPA concentrations ranging from 10 nM to 1 mM and ABT-510 ranging from 0.1 nM to 100 nM markedly inhibited endothelial cell migration. NB xenograft growth was inhibited with either single agent therapy, and enhanced effects were seen with combination therapy. After 20 days of combination therapy, tumor volume was reduced by 91% (p 380 mm3 in size. The increase (>3 fold) in tumor volumes was reduced by 33% and 44%, over 10 days of treatment respectively (p
H3 trimethyl K9 and H3 acetyl K9 chromatin modifications are associated with class switch recombination (2009)

Class switch recombination (CSR) involves a DNA rearrangement in the Ig heavy chain (IgH) gene that allows the same variable (V) region to be expressed with any one of the downstream constant region (C) genes to encode antibodies with many different effector functions. One hypothesis for how CSR is targeted to different C region genes is that histone modifications increase accessibility and/or recruit activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) and its associated processes to particular donor and recipient switch regions. In this work, we identified H3 acetyl K9 and H3 trimethyl K9 as histone modifications that correlate with the recombining pair of donor and recipient switch regions. The appearance of H3 trimethyl K9 is surprising because usually it is thought to mark silent genes and heterochromatin. Nevertheless, the time course of appearance of these histone modifications, the regions in IgH they associate with, and their appearance independent of AID damage suggest that both modifications play a role in targeting CSR.