gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of dual-phase steel based on real and virtual three-dimensional microstructures (2021)

Abstract Dual-phase steel shows a strong connection between its microstructure and its mechanical properties. This structure–property correlation is caused by the composition of the microstructure of a soft ferritic matrix with embedded hard martensite areas, leading to a simultaneous increase in strength and ductility. As a result, dual-phase steels are widely used especially for strength-relevant and energy-absorbing sheet metal structures. However, their use as heavy plate steel is also desirable. Therefore, a better understanding of the structure–property correlation is of great interest. Microstructure-based simulation is essential for a realistic simulation of the mechanical properties of dual-phase steel. This paper describes the entire process route of such a simulation, from the extraction of the microstructure by 3D tomography and the determination of the properties of the individual phases by nanoindentation, to the implementation of a simulation model and its validation by experiments. In addition to simulations based on real microstructures, simulations based on virtual microstructures are also of great importance. Thus, a model for the generation of virtual microstructures is presented, allowing for the same statistical properties as real microstructures. With the help of these structures and the aforementioned simulation model, it is then possible to predict the mechanical properties of a dual-phase steel, whose three-dimensional (3D) microstructure is not yet known with high accuracy. This will enable future investigations of new dual-phase steel microstructures within a virtual laboratory even before their production.
Distributed and centralized algorithms for large-scale IEEE 802.11b infrastructure planning (2004)

We propose a methodology to deploy large scale IEEE 802.11b telecommunications infrastructures, which are being currently used to provide broadband access in Spanish rural areas, as an expansion of shared asymmetric DVB-S or DVB-T gateways. Wireless broadband access networks have become possible with the advent of technologies like IEEE 802.11. Our approach is based on a set of basic rules to generate mesh topologies with survivability capabilities. These rules help to mitigate cochannel interference and inter-channel interference. Two infrastructure deployment algorithms are given: a distributed version, executed by infrastructure nodes themselves, and a centralized version derived from a mixed integer linear optimization model. Numerical results show that the optimization model is more efficient but the distributed algorithm is competitive, since it can be executed by the wireless network itself and generates good quality results.
Statistical Analysis of RNA Backbone (2006)

Local conformation is an important determinant of RNA catalysis and binding. The analysis of RNA conformation is particularly difficult due to the large number of degrees of freedom (torsion angles) per residue. Proteins, by comparison, have many fewer degrees of freedom per residue. In this work, we use and extend classical tools from statistics and signal processing to search for clusters in RNA conformational space. Results are reported both for scalar analysis, where each torsion angle is separately studied, and for vectorial analysis, where several angles are simultaneously clustered. Adapting techniques from vector quantization and clustering to the RNA structure, we find torsion angle clusters and RNA conformational motifs. We validate the technique using well-known conformational motifs, showing that the simultaneous study of the total torsion angle space leads to results consistent with known motifs reported in the literature and also to the finding of new ones.
Structural Alterations of MET Trigger Response to MET Kinase Inhibition in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> We sought to investigate the clinical response to MET inhibition in patients diagnosed with structural MET alterations and to characterize their functional relevance in cellular models.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Patients were selected for treatment with crizotinib upon results of hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing. To confirm the clinical observations, we analyzed cellular models that express these MET kinase alterations.<b>Results:</b> Three individual patients were identified to harbor alterations within the MET receptor. Two patients showed genomic rearrangements, leading to a gene fusion of <i>KIF5B</i> or <i>STARD3NL</i> and <i>MET</i> One patient diagnosed with an EML4-ALK rearrangement developed a MET kinase domain duplication as a resistance mechanism to ceritinib. All 3 patients showed a partial response to crizotinib that effectively inhibits MET and ALK among other kinases. The results were further confirmed using orthogonal cellular models.<b>Conclusions:</b> Crizotinib leads to a clinical response in patients with MET rearrangements. Our functional analyses together with the clinical data suggest that these structural alterations may represent actionable targets in lung cancer patients. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1337-43. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Uncovering the Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine (MaZiRenWan) for Functional Constipation by Focused Network Pharmacology Approach (2018)

MaZiRenWan (MZRW, also known as Hemp Seed Pill) is a Chinese Herbal Medicine which has been demonstrated to safely and effectively alleviate functional constipation (FC) in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study with 120 subjects. However, the underlying pharmacological actions of MZRW for FC, are still largely unknown. We systematically analyzed the bioactive compounds of MZRW and mechanism-of-action biological targets through a novel approach called "focused network pharmacology." Among the 97 compounds identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS in MZRW extract, 34 were found in rat plasma, while 10 were found in rat feces. Hierarchical clustering analysis suggest that these compounds can be classified into component groups, in which compounds are highly similar to each other and most of them are from the same herb. Emodin, amygdalin, albiflorin, honokiol, and naringin were selected as representative compounds of corresponding component groups. All of them were shown to induce spontaneous contractions of rat colonic smooth muscle <i>in vitro</i>. Network analysis revealed that biological targets in acetylcholine-, estrogen-, prostaglandin-, cannabinoid-, and purine signaling pathways are able to explain the prokinetic effects of representative compounds and corresponding component groups. In conclusion, MZRW active components enhance colonic motility, possibly by acting on multiple targets and pathways.
Konsten att sälja sig själv : Balanserandet mellan identiteter och roller i fåmansföretag inom musikbranschen (2008)

Konsten att sälja sig själv/The art of selling yourself grasps the complex of problems that occur when artists chooses to start their own record companies. Not only must the artist fulfil the cultural aspects of being an artist but also the economical aspects of running a business. This means that the artist’s identities and roles become more complex. The purpose of this paper is to understand the construction of identities among artists who run their own record companies. How do these individuals manage the balance between their roles and identities? The research includes two interviews with one artist and various published interviews with three different artists who run their own record companies. On the basis of existing theories concerning identities and roles, as well as culture and economy, the researchers examine how the artists view themselves and which aspects of their work that strengthen and weaken their identities.
Hybrid eye center localization using cascaded regression and\n hand-crafted model fitting (2017)

We propose a new cascaded regressor for eye center detection. Previous\nmethods start from a face or an eye detector and use either advanced features\nor powerful regressors for eye center localization, but not both. Instead, we\ndetect the eyes more accurately using an existing facial feature alignment\nmethod. We improve the robustness of localization by using both advanced\nfeatures and powerful regression machinery. Unlike most other methods that do\nnot refine the regression results, we make the localization more accurate by\nadding a robust circle fitting post-processing step. Finally, using a simple\nhand-crafted method for eye center localization, we show how to train the\ncascaded regressor without the need for manually annotated training data. We\nevaluate our new approach and show that it achieves state-of-the-art\nperformance on the BioID, GI4E, and the TalkingFace datasets. At an average\nnormalized error of e &lt; 0.05, the regressor trained on manually annotated data\nyields an accuracy of 95.07% (BioID), 99.27% (GI4E), and 95.68% (TalkingFace).\nThe automatically trained regressor is nearly as good, yielding an accuracy of\n93.9% (BioID), 99.27% (GI4E), and 95.46% (TalkingFace).\n
CA-repeat polymorphism at the D22S430 locus adjacent to NF2 (1993)

Journal Article CA-repeat polymorphism at the D22S430 locus adjacent to NF2 Get access Jesús Sainz, Jesús Sainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alex Nechiporuk, Alex Nechiporuk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ung-Jin Kim, Ung-Jin Kim 1Division of Biology, 147–75, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA 91125, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Melvin I. Simon, Melvin I. Simon 1Division of Biology, 147–75, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA 91125, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stefan M. Pulst Stefan M. Pulst * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 1993, Page 2203, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.12.2203 Published: 01 December 1993
Linguistic status of timbre influences pitch encoding in the brainstem (2011)

The aim of this experiment is to assess the effects of the linguistic status of timbre on pitch processing in the brainstem. Brainstem frequency following responses were evoked by the Mandarin high-rising lexical tone superimposed on a native vowel quality ([i]), nonnative vowel quality ([œ]), and iterated rippled noise (nonspeech). Results revealed that voice fundamental frequency magnitudes were larger when concomitant with a native vowel quality compared with either nonnative vowel quality or nonspeech timbre. Such experience-dependent effects suggest that subcortical sensory encoding of pitch interacts with timbre in the human brainstem. As a consequence, responses of the perceptual system can be differentially shaped to pitch patterns in relation to the linguistic status of their concomitant timbre.
Characterization of Two Major Populations of Lung Fibroblasts: Distinguishing Morphology and Discordant Display of Thy 1 and Class II MHC (1989)

We have determined that murine lung fibroblasts are divisible into two major subpopulations based on expression of Thy 1. Twenty-four to fifty-three percent of freshly isolated lung cells displayed Thy 1 and were separated using FACS into Thy 1+ and Thy 1- fractions for morphologic examination. Analysis by electron microscopy revealed that both the Thy 1+ and Thy 1- fractions contained fibroblasts. Freshly isolated lung cells cultured for 2 wk consisted of greater than 95% fibroblasts, with 28 to 49% displaying Thy 1. These cells were sorted by FACS into Thy 1+ and Thy 1- lines that maintained a stable phenotype over many weeks and that were used as a source to obtain stable fibroblast clones. Adherent pulmonary fibroblasts are not phagocytic and lack the markers of macrophages, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes (with the exception of Thy 1). Interestingly, the Thy 1- fibroblasts spread more and contained a more extensive microfilament and microtubule network than did the spindly and often lipid-containing Thy 1+ population. Both populations of fibroblasts synthesized collagen. Class I MHC expression was very low on Thy 1+ and Thy 1- fibroblasts, but high levels were displayed after gamma-IFN treatment. Most exciting was the unexpected finding that only the Thy 1- lines and clones displayed class II MHC (Ia) in response to treatment with gamma-IFN. Moreover, only the Thy 1- fraction (gamma-IFN-treated) presented antigen to T lymphocyte clones, an observation that suggests that this subset of cells may be involved primarily in promoting chronic lung inflammation, which is associated with developing fibrosis. Thus, two populations of pulmonary fibroblasts exist, defined by the expression of Thy 1, distinguishing morphology, inducibility for Ia expression, and antigen-presenting function. It should now be possible, using these characteristics, to ascertain the role of pulmonary fibroblast subpopulations in developing fibrosis.
DSF analysis of avian H5N1 rNA. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;The thermostabilizing effect of Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; ions binding to rNA was detected by DSF in the presence of Sypro orange. The graph shows fluorescence intensity &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt; temperature for increasing amount of Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, 0.079–20 mM, in 25 mM Tris pH 8, 150 mM NaCl buffer.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table 2 from PLZF, a Tumor Suppressor Genetically Lost in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Is a Mediator of Resistance to Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2. PLZF Cistrome analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Suitable Printer Color Reproduction for Office Environment (1) (2005)

One of the most important aspects in office color printer is to enable a naive user to reproduce a good color reproduction without any extra efforts. Another important aspect, especially in office, is to get the same color reproduction regardless of which printer model they use. Unfortunately, printer manufacturers tried to please a customer by improving color image processing algorithm with their own goal, and this act as an obstacle to the bi-collateral of above two customer requirements.One way to resolve this conflict is to establish common color reproduction mode. Two approaches are implemented, one is to use a common GMA (Gamut mapping algorithm) and another is to use a common printed color and intermediate color space conversion.Office color printer GMA was evaluated, using CIE TC8-03 guideline with the CRT to print workflow. 4 types of GMAs, 10 office color printer models, 4 test images and 30 raters to perform rating test. As a result, the effect of &#x201C;printer model&#x201D; and &#x201C;printer model x test image&#x201D; were stronger than GMA. Also further analysis indicated that to get a printed color and intermediate color space relationship, which provides a good rating score, requires more efforts.
Chemical Database Preparation for Compound Acquisition or Virtual Screening (2006)

Virtual and high-throughput screening are time-saving techniques that have been successfully applied to identify novel chemotypes in biologically active molecules. Both methods require the ability to aptly handle large numbers of chemicals prior to an experiment or acquisition. We describe a step-by-step preparation procedure for handling large collections of existing or virtual compounds prior to virtual screening or acquisition.
2048x2048 HgCdTe focal plane arrays for astronomy applications (1999)

Rockwell is developing the world's largest HgCdTe IR focal plane array (FPA) for astronomy and low background applications. The format of the device is a hybrid 2048 X 2048 with a unit cell size of 18 micrometers X 18 micrometers . SWIR detectors with a spectral response of 0.85 micrometers to 2.5 micrometers have been processed on liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) HgCdTe on sapphire substrates. The MWIR detectors with a spectral response of 0.4 micrometers to 5 micrometers will be processed on molecular beam epitaxy HgCdTe on CdZnTe substrates. The multiplexer has been designed and fabricated at Conexant. Room temperature probing shows that the device is functional with excellent yield. Novel hybrid fabrication techniques will be used to demonstrate the FPA. This HAWAII-2 device is based on the highly successful HAWAII 1024 X 1024 device and the performance will be similar. The ultimate performance expected from the array is: dark currents of &lt; 0.01 3-/s, quantum efficiency of &gt; 75 percent across the spectral band, and noise levels of &lt; 3 e- for the SWIR and &lt; 10 e- for the MWIR band using Fowler sampling. We expected to achieve these performance levels at 77K for the SWIR and &gt; 40K for the MWIR band. The status of the 2048 X 2048 detector arrays and FPAs are discussed.
Fusão Hierárquica de Dados para Sistemas de Computação em Névoa (2020)

O paradigma da computação em névoa possibilita que os recursos computacionais sejam levados para a borda da rede, de forma que a latência e a largura de banda resultantes da computação em nuvem possam ser reduzidas. A combinação desse paradigma com técnicas de fusão de dados e processamento de eventos, a partir da aquisição de dados brutos, tem grande potencial de uso para gerar conhecimento de valor e ajudar a tomada de decisão em sistemas de IoT. Nesse contexto, foi proposta uma arquitetura de fusão de dados em três níveis (nó sensor, névoa e nuvem) que, aliada ao uso de técnicas de processamento de eventos complexos, promove a tomada de decisões com rapidez, enquanto reduz o custo de transmissão de dados na rede. Os experimentos mostram uma redução de 77% no tempo médio de envio de mensagens na rede e 82% de melhoria na vazão média com a utilização da arquitetura proposta.
Rethinking Biased Estimation: Improving Maximum Likelihood and the Cramér–Rao Bound (2007)

Rethinking Biased Estimation discusses methods to improve the accuracy of unbiased estimators used in many signal processing problems. At the heart of the proposed methodology is the use of the mean-squared error (MSE) as the performance criteria. One of the prime goals of statistical estimation theory is the development of performance bounds when estimating parameters of interest in a given model, as well as constructing estimators that achieve these limits. When the parameters to be estimated are deterministic, a popular approach is to bound the MSE achievable within the class of unbiased estimators. Although it is well-known that lower MSE can be obtained by allowing for a bias, in applications it is typically unclear how to choose an appropriate bias. Rethinking Biased Estimation introduces MSE bounds that are lower than the unbiased Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for all values of the unknowns. It then presents a general framework for constructing biased estimators with smaller MSE than the standard maximum-likelihood (ML) approach, regardless of the true unknown values. Specializing the results to the linear Gaussian model, it derives a class of estimators that dominate least-squares in terms of MSE. It also introduces methods for choosing regularization parameters in penalized ML estimators that outperform standard techniques such as cross validation.
Biocompatible near-infrared quantum dots delivered to the skin by microneedle patches record vaccination (2019)

Accurate medical recordkeeping is a major challenge in many low-resource settings where well-maintained centralized databases do not exist, contributing to 1.5 million vaccine-preventable deaths annually. Here, we present an approach to encode medical history on a patient using the spatial distribution of biocompatible, near-infrared quantum dots (NIR QDs) in the dermis. QDs are invisible to the naked eye yet detectable when exposed to NIR light. QDs with a copper indium selenide core and aluminum-doped zinc sulfide shell were tuned to emit in the NIR spectrum by controlling stoichiometry and shelling time. The formulation showing the greatest resistance to photobleaching after simulated sunlight exposure (5-year equivalence) through pigmented human skin was encapsulated in microparticles for use in vivo. In parallel, microneedle geometry was optimized in silico and validated ex vivo using porcine and synthetic human skin. QD-containing microparticles were then embedded in dissolvable microneedles and administered to rats with or without a vaccine. Longitudinal in vivo imaging using a smartphone adapted to detect NIR light demonstrated that microneedle-delivered QD patterns remained bright and could be accurately identified using a machine learning algorithm 9 months after application. In addition, codelivery with inactivated poliovirus vaccine produced neutralizing antibody titers above the threshold considered protective. These findings suggest that intradermal QDs can be used to reliably encode information and can be delivered with a vaccine, which may be particularly valuable in the developing world and open up new avenues for decentralized data storage and biosensing.
Design of a 13C Magnetic Resonance Probe Using a Deuterated Methoxy Group as a Long‐Lived Hyperpolarization Unit (2012)

How to live longer: A fully deuterated 13C methoxy group (13CD3O) is presented as a new long-lived hyperpolarization unit for designing a sensitive 13C magnetic resonance probe. By utilizing the unit, a hyperpolarized magnetic resonance probe for sensing hypochlorous acid was successfully designed.
Novel Topical Microbicides Through Combinatorial Strategies (2010)

Developing microbicides for topical epithelial applications is extremely challenging, as evidenced by the scarcity of approved products even after decades of research. Chemical enhancers, including surfactants, are known to be effective antimicrobial agents but are typically toxic towards epithelial cells. Here, we report on the discovery of unique surfactant formulations with improved safety and efficacy profile for epithelial applications, via a combination of high throughput screening techniques. Over three-hundred formulations derived from nine surfactants were screened for antibacterial properties against E. coli in vitro. A subset of these formulations showed high antibacterial activity and was screened for cytotoxicity in vitro. Formulations showing high antibacterial activity and reduced cytotoxicity compared to their individual components were tested for efficacy against B. thailendensis, a model for melioidosis-causing B. pseudomallei. Lead formulations showed lower toxicity towards epidermal keratinocytes, with LC50 values up to 3.5-fold higher than their component surfactants, while maintaining antibacterial efficacy against B. thailendensis. Our results demonstrate that such a combinatorial screening approach can be used for designing safe and potent microbicides for epithelial applications.
Towards robust QSM in cortical and sub-cortical regions of the human brain at 9.4T: influence of coil combination and masking strategies (2020)

Strong background signals leading to multiple phase wraps may hamper accurate quantification of magnetic tissue susceptibility (QSM) especially at high field strengths using long echo times to achieve a high spatial sampling. Here we show how different coil-combination, automated tissue masking and background removal techniques can be used to improve QSM quality. Performance was evaluated with regard to iron quantification in subcortical and cortical areas in the same subjects. We found a substantial improvement in accuracy and precision of QSM in high-field applications at long echo times through the use of ASPIRE and removal of areas with excessive phase evolution.