gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High Fidelity Lumped-Parameter Engine Model for Powertrain Control Design and Validation (2010)

The paper presents a lumped-parameter modeling approach for the characterization of internal combustion engine systems dynamics, suitable for the design, analysis and calibration of powertrain control. Through an analysis of the deficiencies of traditional filling and emptying, crank angle resolved models, a novel approach is presented to calibrate the distributed effects of charge heating, backflow, and wave propagation dynamics within the context of a zero-dimensional (lumped) model. The resulting model is capable of predicting the cycle averaged values of volumetric efficiency and torque, as well as the crank angle resolved values of cylinder pressure and indicated torque in steady state and transient conditions within accuracy comparable to a 1D gas dynamic model, while maintaining a significantly reduced computational effort. The approach is applied to a 4-cylinder spark ignition engine with dual independent variable valve timing, and validated using simulation and experimental data. Validation results allow for an evaluation of the model’s high accuracy and low computation effort.
Don't Supersize Me! Toward a Policy of Consumption-Based Energy Efficiency (2006)

Building on prior discussions at ACEEE Summer Studies and elsewhere, we argue that today’s primary focus on energy efficiency may not be sufficient to slow (and ultimately reverse) the growth in total energy consumption and carbon emissions. Instead, policy makers need to return to an earlier emphasis on “conservation,” with energy efficiency seen as a means rather than an end in itself. We briefly review the concept of “intensive” vs “extensive” variables (i.e., energy efficiency vs energy consumption), and why attention to both consumption and efficiency is essential for effective policy in a carbon- and oil-constrained world with increasingly brittle energy markets. To start, energy indicators and policy evaluation metrics need to reflect energy consumption as well as efficiency. We introduce the concept of “variable” (consumption-sensitive) efficiency, 1 where the level of efficiency varies as a function of size (for a home), capacity (for an appliance), or scale of energy consumption. We propose introducing variable efficiency criteria first in consumer information programs (appliance test methods, categories for appliance labeling) and then in voluntary rating and recognition programs (LEED and ENERGY STAR for homes). As acceptance grows, the concept could be extended to utility rebates, tax incentives, and ultimately to mandatory codes and standards. For these and other programs, incorporating both consumption and efficiency criteria offers a path for energy experts, policy-makers, and the public to join debate and build consensus on energy policies that recognize finite resources and global carrying-capacity, perhaps helping to shift our shared expectations from perpetual growth toward sufficiency and sustainability.
Antibodies Directed against Lewis-Y Antigen Inhibit Signaling of Lewis-Y Modified ErbB Receptors (2004)

The majority of cancer cells derived from epithelial tissue express Lewis-Y (LeY) type difucosylated oligosaccharides on their plasma membrane. This results in the modification of cell surface receptors by the LeY antigen. We used the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family members ErbB1 and ErbB2 as model systems to investigate whether the sugar moiety can be exploited to block signaling by growth factor receptors in human tumor cells (i.e., SKBR-3 and A431, derived from a breast cancer and a vulval carcinoma, respectively). The monoclonal anti-LeY antibody ABL364 and its humanized version IGN311 immunoprecipitated ErbB1 and ErbB2 from detergent lysates of A431 and SKBR-3, respectively. ABL364 and IGN311 blocked EGF- and heregulin-stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK = extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2] in SKBR-3 and A431 cells. The effect was comparable in magnitude with that of trastuzumab (Herceptin) and apparently noncompetitive with respect to EGF. Stimulation of MAPK by ErbB was dynamin dependent and contingent on receptor internalization. ABL364 and IGN311 changed the intracellular localization of fluorescent EGF-containing endosomes and accelerated recycling of intracellular [(125)I]EGF to the plasma membrane. Taken together, these observations show that antibodies directed against carbohydrate side chains of ErbB receptors are capable of inhibiting ErbB-mediated signaling. The ability of these antibodies to reroute receptor trafficking provides a mechanistic explanation for their inhibitory action.
Bacteriocins reduceCampylobacter jejunicolonization while bacteria producing bacteriocins are ineffective (2008)

Broiler chickens are widely considered an important source of human exposure to Campylobacter jejuni because of the high numbers found colonizing the chicken gut and the consequent contamination of processed carcasses. We hoped to intervene in C. jejuni gut colonization by using a defined probiotic. Chicken intestinal contents were screened for diverse bacterial isolates that manifested C. jejuni inhibition. These antagonistic bacteria were fed directly to chickens before or after C. jejuni challenge. The prophylactic probiotic treatments were effective only when very low challenge levels of C. jejuni were used. Otherwise, probiotic treatments failed to reduce C. jejuni colonization. Regardless of treatment, as birds further aged C. jejuni numbers soon approached the levels observed in the control birds. We sought an alternative approach, as commercial broilers may be exposed to infectious levels of C. jejuni at any time during production. Two of our most promising antagonistic isolates, Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 and Paenibacillus polymyxa NRRL B-30509, were further studied for effectiveness in reducing C. jejuni in chickens. When 250 mg of purified bacteriocins (produced by these organisms)/kg feed were fed therapeutically to chickens colonized with C. jejuni, colonization was reduced by at least one million-fold. Treatments with viable probiotic bacterial cultures were ineffective in reducing C. jejuni in chickens, while bacteriocin treatment from these corresponding bacteria substantially reduced C. jejuni colonization in the live birds.
Annex 4 (2009)

General Assembly Resolutions No. 1 –Safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel Resolution – UN Doc. No.: A/RES/61/133 Date: 14.12.2006 Voting: Without vote Provision: Recommends that the Secretary-General continue to seek the inclusion of, and that host countries include, key provisions of the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, among others, those regarding the prevention of attacks against members of the operatio...
Observation of dislocations in diffused 4H–SiC p-i-n diodes by electron-beam induced current (2004)

The electron-beam induced current (EBIC) method was employed to investigate the electrical activity of dislocations in silicon-carbide-diffused p-n diodes. It was observed that EBIC contrast depends on the type of defect (superscrew, screw, and edge dislocation). This dependence was attributed to spatial inhomogeneities in the electrical properties of the material around the dislocations due to different impurity-dislocation interactions during high-temperature (∼1900°C) diffusion. Chemical etching of the sample was used to define the nature of the defects observed by EBIC imaging. It was found that electrical breakdown of the diodes occurs at the location of superscrew dislocations.
AI-25 Glucose oxidation in lupus T cells (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Autoreactive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are essential participants in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Immune substrate utilisation, including glucose metabolism, plays a central role in dictating the effector functions of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. We hypothesised that 1) SLE T cells have metabolic defects that enhance their pro-inflammatory functions, and 2) Inhibiting glycolytic metabolism in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell may normalise CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell functions and reduce disease symptoms in SLE mice and in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from SLE patients. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> We utilised four models of spontaneous lupus, B6.NZM2410.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 Triple Congenic (TC), BWF1, BXSB.YAA and B6.lpr that differ in their genetic background as well as mechanisms of autoimmune activation. C57BL/6 (B6) served as a non-autoimmune control strain. CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells obtained from lupus-prone mice and controls, as well as from SLE patients and healthy controls (HC) were treated with metabolic inhibitors, including metformin, which inhibits mitochondrial complex I and activates AMPK, and the glycolytic inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG). Lupus-prone mice were treated with these drugs, either before or after disease onset. Glycolysis, oxygen consumption, activation and effector subset distribution were measured in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Disease progression was assessed by measuring standard lupus biomarkers. Gene profiling was performed on CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from SLE patients and HCs. <h3>Results</h3> CD4 T cells from lupus mice and patients have a significantly higher metabolism as well as an enhanced mTOR activity as compared to controls. A combination of inhibitors and gene expression studies showed that glucose oxidation rather than aerobic glycolysis is a major metabolic pathway of lupus T cells. <i>In vitro</i>, both metformin and 2-DG blocked IFNγ production and metformin increased IL-2 production. <i>In vivo</i>, a combined treatment with metformin and 2-DG normalised T cell metabolism and reversed disease phenotypes in all four lupus mouse models. Remarkably, the number of T<sub>FH</sub> cells, which correlates with disease severity in patients, was normalised by the combination treatment in every model. Further, excessive IFNγ production by CD4 T cells from SLE patients was also normalised by metformin. Finally, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from lupus patients showed a metabolic signature with over-expression of genes promoting glucose utilisation, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and sterol synthesis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The combination of a glucose inhibitor with metformin restores T cell function and reverses disease across diverse mouse models of SLE, and metformin treatment normalises the function of T cells from SLE patients. We propose that T cell metabolism may serve as a biomarker of disease activity and provides a novel target for immune intervention in SLE. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was supported by NIH grants R01 AI045050 and ALR-TIL 0000075018 to L. Morel.
Orthogonal waveform design for UWB radios (2005)

Pulse waveforms with overlapping yet orthogonal spectra are desired in high-rate multidimensional modulation and (carrier-free) orthogonal frequency division multiple access. To this end, we propose a digital filter solution to orthogonal pulse design for UWB impulse radios. A sequential design strategy is used in which the filter tap coefficients generating a new pulse are imposed with linear constraints to guarantee (spectral) orthogonality to all previously designed pulses. By formulating the overall pulse design problem as a set of convex subproblems, a sequence of orthogonal waveforms can be efficiently obtained using convex optimization methods. Complying with a prescribed (FCC) spectral mask, our orthogonal waveforms enjoy high power utilization efficiency compared with other orthogonal waveform alternatives.
Effects of environmental estrogens on tumor necrosis factor α-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells (1999)

Environmental estrogens represent a class of compounds which have been shown to mimic the effects or activity of the naturally occurring ovarian hormone 17beta-estradiol. Given the role of 17beta-estradiol in cell survival in a number of systems, we wished to determine if environmental estrogens protect MCF-7 cells from apoptosis. Here we demonstrate that the organochlorine pesticides o, p' DDT and alachlor, like 17beta-estradiol, have the ability to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. These compounds, however, did not affect TNF-induced apoptosis of the ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. The ability of these compounds to suppress apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was correlated with an ER-dependent increase in Bcl-2 expression. Taken together these results demonstrate that estrogenic organochlorine pesticides like o, p' DDT and alachlor may partially mimic the primary endogenous estrogen, 17beta-estradiol, and function to suppress apoptosis in ER-responsive cells.
Accurate Calculation of Junction Temperature of HBTs (2011)

Heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) offer high power and linearity for microwave and mixed-signal applications. The large-signal performance of an HBT is frequently limited by the maximum operating current, which is set by thermal considerations. Hence, an accurate determination of the junction temperature in HBT devices and the corresponding microwave/millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs)/DAC is critical to achieving maximum performance while maintaining reliable operation. An original accurate closed-form expression is presented for the thermal resistance of HBT structures from which the maximum junction temperature can be determined. The model's validity is verified by numerical simulations and experimental data. The model agrees with two sets of experimental data to within 2% and 6%. The closed-form solution offers device and MMIC designers a fast assessment of the performance and reliability of devices and circuits. Circuit optimization for required performance can be achieved efficiently.
The nature of in vivo cell-killing of deoxyspergualin and its implication in combination with other antitumor agents. (1991)

The mode of in vivo cell-killing by 15-deoxyspergualin (NKT-01) was assessed by measuring change of whole body radioactivity of mice inoculated with 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled P388 leukemia cells. Although NKT-01 showed strong life prolonging effect on P388 leukemia-bearing mice, significant excretion of 125I was not observed within 4 days after the start of treatment with NKT-01. Thereafter, the remaining 125I was reduced gradually and reached about half of control level on day 7. Colony forming ability in soft agar media of peritoneal tumor cells taken after completion of 5-day treatment with NKT-01 was markedly reduced to less than 3%. These results suggested that life prolongation of NKT-01 was produced both by a cytostatic effect, which lasts for an extraordinarily long period, and by a subsequent cytotoxic effect. Cell cycle distribution analysis using flow cytometry showed the cytostatic action of NKT-01 caused G0/G1 arrest of the tumor cells. Therefore, the drug-sensitive cycling population of the tumor cells was reduced, and combination with other antitumor agents was antagonistic, if they were administered simultaneously or consecutively with NKT-01. In contrast, if the other drugs such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and cytosine arabinoside, were administered prior to NKT-01, a synergistic combination effect was obtained. This synergism might be due to prolongation of the period of cell cycle perturbation caused by other drugs (such as G2 arrest by cisplatin) by the cytostatic effect of NKT-01. Although the precise mechanisms of the cytostatic action of NKT-01 remain unclear, it might play an important role in the combination with other antitumor drugs.
[Fundamental Studies on Improvement of Count Rate Performance of Scintillation Detectors]. (2022)

The purpose of this article is to introduce fundamental studies on improvement of count rate performance of scintillation detectors which Dr. Eiichi Tanaka dedicated himself to carrying out. He proposed a new technique based on the combination of pulse shortening and selective integration in which the integration period is not fixed but shortened by the arrival of the following pulse. Theoretical analysis of the degradation of the statistical component of resolution is made for the proposed system with delay line pulse shortening, and the factor of resolution loss is formulated as a function of the input pulse rate. A new method is also presented for determining the statistical component of resolution separately from the non-statistical system resolution. Preliminary experiments with a NaI (Tl) detector had been carried out, the results of which are consistent with the theoretical prediction. The related works are also introduced.
Current Concepts on Anatomy and Biomechanics of Patellar Stability (2007)

This review describes anatomic features of the patellofemoral joint that relate to the stability and function of the joint. The role of the geometry of the articular surfaces, particularly the trochlear groove, it's depth and orientation, are described. The stabilizing actions of the medial and lateral retinaculae, that tether the patella from either side to guide it into the trochlear groove in the early phase of knee flexion, are related to the specific structures, the medial patellofemoral ligament, and the fibers originating from the ilio-tibial tract laterally. The quadriceps muscles have different orientations, and converge onto the patella not only from either side but also from posteriorly, thus pulling the patella onto the anterior aspect of the trochlea. Finally, these local factors are discussed in relation to overall limb alignment, which leads to the mechanical logic of more extensive surgical procedures such as femoral rotational osteotomy or tibial tuberosity medialization.
Apparel with Far Infrared Radiation for Decreasing an Athlete's Oxygen Consumption during Submaximal Exercise (2015)

Far infrared radiation (FIR) has been shown to have physiological effects when used as a treatment modality for certain medical conditions. Athletic apparel are currently commercially available that are constructed with fabrics that purportedly emit FIR. If apparel with this technology are capable of inducing positive physiological effects, then there may be important implications when worn by an athlete during exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine whether FIR apparel has an effect on oxygen consumption during exercise at submaximal intensities. Twelve male cyclists have completed submaximal incremental cycling tests. Each subject is tested on 4 separate days, twice while wearing a full body Control garment, and twice while wearing a similar garment made out of FIR fabric. Throughout each cycling test, the volume of oxygen uptake is monitored by using a breathing mask and metabolic analysis cart. At lower cycling intensities, the subjects consume statistically significantly less oxygen when wearing the FIR apparel compared to the Control garment, despite performing the same amount of mechanical work. Additional research is required to determine the implication of this effect for a training or competing athlete; however, the results indicate that this apparel technology does elicit a physiological effect.
Characterization of single actin-myosin interactions. (1995)

The feedback-enhanced laser trap assay (Finer et al., 1994) allows the measurement of force and displacement produced by single myosin molecules interacting with an actin filament suspended in solution by two laser traps. The average displacement of 11 nm at low load and the average force of 4 pN near isometric conditions are consistent with the conventional swinging cross-bridge model of muscle contraction (Huxley, 1969). The durations of single actin-myosin interactions at low load, 3-7 ms, suggest a relatively small duty ratio. Event durations can be increased either by reducing the ATP concentration until ATP binding is rate-limiting or by lowering the temperature. For sufficiently long interactions near isometric conditions, low frequency force fluctuations were observed within the time frame of a single event. Single myosin events can be measured at ionic strengths that disrupt weak binding actomyosin interactions, supporting the postulate of distinct weak and strong binding states. Myosin-generated force and displacement were measured simultaneously against several different loads to generate a force-displacement curve. The linear appearance of this curve suggests that the myosin powerstroke is driven by the release of a strained linear elastic element with a stiffness of approximately 0.4 pN nm-1.
2P157 Microtubule sliding and rotation driven by multiple single-headed rat kinesins(Molecular motors,Poster Presentations) (2007)

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Changes in the Sensory Weighting Strategies in Balance Control Throughout Maturation in Children (2020)

The efficient use of individual sensory system input to maintain balance does not occur at the same age. Age and gender affect the changes in sensory weighting strategies, while height and BMI influence postural control in children. These factors need to be accounted for in child assessment.
Field-Scale Data Acquisition (2020)

In this chapter, we explore the range of electrode configurations for measurement of resistivity and induced polarization (IP). We introduce the concept of apparent resistivity and chargeability and illustrate, for relatively simple cases, how the apparent resistivity is affected by non-uniformity of resistivity (e.g. a layered subsurface). We introduce the graphical presentation of apparent resistivity and IP measurements in a pseudosection for 2D problems. We discuss some of the practical aspects of field measurements, including choice of electrode configuration and assessment of measurement errors. Although we provide extensive coverage of the more standard ground-based electrical methods which account for a vast proportion of electrical surveying, we illustrate how measurements can be made in ‘non-standard’ settings, such as between boreholes or for imaging laboratory-scale tanks and columns, and also discuss time-lapse measurement approaches. We also illustrate how potential fields using the same four electrode configuration allows the mapping of electrical current, which has applications in the detection of fluid leaks, e.g. in landfills.
Model Predictive Control Based Improved Techno-Economic Control Strategy for Photovoltaic-Battery Microgrids (2022)

This paper presents an improved model predictive control (MPC) based control method for photovoltaic (PV)-Battery microgrid (MG) system. The proposed control method represents a techno-economical control strategy for controlling PV-battery microgrid systems based on the MG status and feed-in-tariff (FiT). During normal operating mode, the reference d-q currents are calculated based on the economic operation of the MG system to reduce the operational costs of the MG system. Whereas during faulty conditions of large voltage sag, high voltage swell, and grid unbalance, the references are generated to rapidly recover the MG system and clear the existing faults to enhance the low voltage ride through (LVRT) and high voltage ride through (HVRT) capability. Moreover, the utilization of MPC facilitates the digital control actions, fast response of the system, and elimination of the cascaded conventional loops through using multiple objective cost functions. Simulation results are provided in the paper for the PV-battery MG system and the proposed controller, which showed the techno-economic feasibility of the new proposed MPC-based control method.