gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Dielectric-Semiconductor Metasurface for Efficient Second-Harmonic Generation (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate a novel approach of using coupling between a leaky mode resonance and intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum wells to realize a hybrid dielectric-semiconductor metasurface with high second-harmonic conversion efficiency and increased bandwidth.
Rate-Splitting for Downlink Multi-User Multi-Antenna Systems: Bridging NOMA and Conventional Linear Precoding. (2017)

The main aim of this work is to bridge two contrasting transmission strategies used for the multiple-input single-output (MISO) broadcast channel (BC), namely, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and multi-user linear precoding. The former is based on superposition coding with successive interference cancellation (SC--SIC), and therefore relies on strong users to fully decode and cancel interference created by messages of weaker users. It is known to be suitable for degraded channels, e.g. when user channels are aligned. The latter is more common for multi-user transmission. It is known to have near optimal performance when the user channels are orthogonal or semi-orthogonal. We propose the use of rate-splitting (RS), a more general transmission approach that contains the two aforementioned strategies as special cases. The key benefit of RS is its ability to partially decode interference and partially treat interference as noise, therefore bridging the two extremes of fully decoding interference (as in NOMA) and treating interference as noise (as in conventional multi-user linear precoding). The three strategies are compared and numerical results show that RS provides a smooth transition between NOMA and linear precoding, and outperforms them both in some scenarios.
The Regional Lung Deposition of Thoron Progeny Attached to the Particulate Phase of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (1994)

A gamma emitting isotope of lead (212Pb), a decay product of thoron (220Rn), has been used to radiolabel the particulate phase of aged and diluted sidestream tobacco smoke in situ. The radiolabelled aerosol is suitable for studies with human volunteers and as a marker for lung deposition and clearance of the attached fraction of thoron progeny, as well as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in a variety of environmental situations. Total mean deposition values for nine male volunteers varied from 22% to 59% under different breathing conditions, including nasal as against mouth breathing. These data are higher than previously reported values for environmental tobacco smoke but are consistent with models of particle deposition in the lung. Data for regional deposition and clearance show deposition principally in the pulmonary region of the lung. Preliminary studies using radon (222Rn) to determine the degree of association of progeny in the presence of ambient particulate or environmental tobacco smoke confirm that the degree of attachment rises with increasing particle concentration, and is therefore likely to influence both the magnitude and site of deposition in the lung. Assuming that the physical behaviour of radon and thoron progeny are the same with respect to attachment to particulate, the resulting data will allow better quantification of risk in existing models for radon and thoron and their progeny in real-life situations.
Congestion Avoidance Testbed Experiments (1994)

DARTnet provides an excellent environment for executing networking experiments. Since the network is private and spans the continental United States, it gives researchers a great opportunity to test network behavior under controlled conditions. However, this opportunity is not available very often, and therefore a support environment for such testing is lacking. To help remedy this situation, part of SRI's effort in this project was devoted to advancing the state of the art in the techniques used for benchmarking network performance. The second objective of SRI's effort in this project was to advance networking technology in the area of traffic control, and to test our ideas on DARTnet, using the tools we developed to improve benchmarking networks. Networks are becoming more common and are being used by more and more people. The applications, such as multimedia conferencing and distributed simulations, are also placing greater demand on the resources the networks provide. Hence, new mechanisms for traffic control must be created to enable their networks to serve the needs of their users. SRI's objective, therefore, was to investigate a new queueing and scheduling approach that will help to meet the needs of a large, diverse user population in a fair way.
Abstract 3815: Decomposition of parameters contributing to the improved therapeutic index of ADCs obtained by GlycoConnect™ and HydraSpace™ Technologies (2018)

Abstract We have found that conjugation of toxic payloads to the native glycan of a monoclonal antibody by chemoenzymatic remodeling (GlycoConnect™ technology) consistently provides antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with enhanced therapeutic index (TI) increases versus those of ADCs prepared by mainstream clinical technologies. For example, head-to-head comparison of GlycoConnect™ ADCs -based on the same antibody and payload components- with the marketed drugs Adcetris and Kadcyla revealed an improvement in both efficacy and safety, which is further enhanced by use of a polar HydraSpace™ technology. Importantly, a similar improvement in TI was noted for comparison of a GlycoConnect™ ADC versus or a site-specific ADC derived from a cysteine-engineered antibody, the most important emerging technology in the clinic. With the aim to better understand the superiority of ADCs based on combined GlycoConnect™ and HydraSpace™ technologies, we have performed in-depth in vitro and in vivo investigation into factors contributing to the overall performance of ADCs prepared by glycan conjugation with a polar spacer. For example, it is found that stability is significantly improved versus mainstream technologies in terms of aggregation and linker stability. Rapid aggregation was observed for both Kadcyla and Adcetris, as well as ADC decomposition due to retro-Michael reaction resulting in free payload (for Adcetris) or albumin-conjugated DM1 (for Kadcyla), as indicated by LC-MS and immunoassay analysis. The latter image is confirmed by in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis, showing a dramatic difference in total antibody versus total conjugated antibody by premature release of payload. Finally, analysis with a solid 3D tumoroid model indicates enhanced penetration of site-specific versus randomly conjugated ADC, which may also contribute to better efficacy in solid tumors. The data generated further underline the importance of conjugation and linker technology as critical quality attributes for next-generation ADCs with higher therapeutic index. Citation Format: Floris van Delft, Brian Janssen, Remon van Geel, Marloes Wijdeven, Jorge Verkade, Sander van Berkel. Decomposition of parameters contributing to the improved therapeutic index of ADCs obtained by GlycoConnect™ and HydraSpace™ Technologies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3815.
Burst TCP: an approach for benefiting mice flows (2007)

Standard TCP congestion control mechanisms degrade performance of small flows, especially during the Slow Start phase, which often causes multiple packet losses. We propose a modified TCP startup mechanism, called Burst TCP (B-TCP), which employs a responsive growth scheme based on current window size, to improve performance for small flows. Our simulation experiments, considering heavy-tailed traffic, show that B-TCP can significantly reduce both transfer times and packet losses for small flows without causing damage to large flows. Additionally, B-TCP is easy to implement and requires TCP adjustment at the sender side only.
STAP-2–Derived Peptide Suppresses TCR-Mediated Signals to Initiate Immune Responses (2023)

Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor protein that contains pleckstrin and Src homology 2-like domains, as well as a proline-rich region in its C-terminal region. Our previous study demonstrated that STAP-2 positively regulates TCR signaling by associating with TCR-proximal CD3ζ ITAMs and the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase. In this study, we identify the STAP-2 interacting regions of CD3ζ ITAMs and show that the STAP-2-derived synthetic peptide (iSP2) directly interacts with the ITAM sequence and blocks the interactions between STAP-2 and CD3ζ ITAMs. Cell-penetrating iSP2 was delivered into human and murine T cells. iSP2 suppressed cell proliferation and TCR-induced IL-2 production. Importantly, iSP2 treatment suppressed TCR-mediated activation of naive CD4+ T cells and decreased immune responses in CD4+ T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. It is likely that iSP2 is a novel immunomodulatory tool that modulates STAP-2-mediated activation of TCR signaling and represses the progression of autoimmune diseases.
Relativistic Traveling Wave Amplifier Based on Two Electron Beams (2021)

In general, HPM systems currently being developed use oscillators as their RF source. These systems operate at a fixed frequency and are not readily tunable. In contrast to oscillators, a broadband amplifier has the frequency agility necessary to maximize electromagnetic (EM) coupling into targeted electronics. The multiple beams traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) technology can enhance the bandwidth of the TWTA and lead to superexponential growth. 1 , 2 In coupled cavity TWTs, several tens of klystron-like cavities are used as the slow wave structure, which are coupled for RF signal propagation. 3 The coupled cavity approach with shallow corrugations results in a wider bandwidth. However, its bandwidth is still a fraction of the bandwidth of the helix- TWT which is a relatively low power amplifier. In this work, two-stream technology is incorporated with a smooth-wall interaction region in order to enhance the bandwidth at the relativistic regime of operation. Input/output microwave coupling is an important factor for an efficient operation. The first stage of the study is to design an input coupler that is compatible with the two electron beams diode. This design is studied using MAGIC PIC simulations.
Analysis of High-Efficiency Three-Phase Two- and Three-Level Unidirectional Hybrid Rectifiers (2012)

This paper presents highly efficient three-phase high-power-factor hybrid rectifiers assembled by the parallel connection of a three-phase diode-bridge rectifier and series dc-dc boost converter with a two- or three-level unidirectional pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier. The idea is to obtain a rectifier that is robust, highly efficient, and simple as a diode-based rectifier and also able to benefit from the PWM rectifier capability to reduce the line current harmonic content. Exemplary three-phase unidirectional hybrid systems built with a two-level delta-switch rectifier and three-level T-type or VIENNA six-switch rectifiers are suggested. Additionally, control schemes, which are appropriate for safeguarding the high-power-factor operation while improving the power sharing rating of the hybrid paralleled rectifier units and able to handle a phase loss without changing the controller structure, are proposed. In order to evaluate the studied hybrid rectifiers, first, an efficiency comparison between two- and three-level hybrid systems with conventional PWM rectifiers is performed. After that, the loss calculations are extended to a variable chip area to allow a fair comparison between these rectifiers. Interestingly, it is shown that the presented hybrid systems not only can achieve a higher efficiency but also require less silicon area than the single PWM rectifiers they are based on. Finally, experimental results obtained with an assembled unidirectional hybrid delta-switch rectifier prototype are presented in order to demonstrate the performance and advantages of this solution.
<title>Digital image libraries: an innovative method for storage, retrieval, and selling of color images</title> (1996)

This paper describes a digital image archiving, retrieval and sales system. The system employs natural language processing technology to retrieve images based on their captions, and can be integrated into enterprise applications that include usage tracking and cropping information.
Digital Detection of Genetic Mutations Using SPC-Sequencing (2004)

Deletion or insertion mutations lead to a frameshift that causes misalignment between wild-type and mutated allele sequences, making it difficult to identify such mutations unambiguously by using electrophoresis-based DNA sequencing. We have previously established the feasibility of an accurate DNA sequencing method using solid-phase capturable (SPC) dideoxynucleotides and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry on synthetic templates, an approach we refer to as SPC-sequencing. Here, we report the application of SPC-sequencing in characterizing frameshift mutations by using the detection of the BRCA1 gene mutations 185delAG and 5382insC as examples. In this method, Sanger DNA sequencing fragments are generated in one tube by using biotinylated dideoxynucleotides. The sequencing fragments carrying a biotin moiety at the 3' end are captured on a streptavidin-coated solid phase to eliminate excess primer, primer dimers, and false stops. Only correctly terminated DNA fragments are captured, subsequently released, and analyzed by mass spectrometry to obtain digital DNA sequencing data. This method produces distinct doublet mass peaks at each point in the mass spectrum beyond the mutation site, facilitating the accurate characterization of the mutation. We have compared SPC-sequencing with electrophoresis-based sequencing in characterizing the above BRCA1 mutations, demonstrating the significant advantage offered by SPC-sequencing for the accurate identification of frameshift mutations.
Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: History and Product Characteristics Mode of Action Clinical Use and Clinical Experience Conclusion References
Amine Functionalized Trimetallic Nitride Endohedral Fullerenes: A Class of Nanoparticle to Tackle Low Back/Leg Pain (2022)

Low back pain is the most common health problem with a prevalence of over 80% worldwide and an estimated annual cost of $100 billion in the United States. Intervertebral disc degeneration accounts for a major cause of low back pain. However, there is still a lack of safe and effective treatment to tackle this devastating condition. In this study, we synthesized four functionalized trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes (carboxyl-f-Sc<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub>, carboxyl-f-Gd<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub>, amino-f-Sc<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub>, and amino-f-Gd<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub>) and characterized them with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, and UV-vis. Via electron paramagnetic resonance, all four metallofullerene derivatives possessed dose-dependent radical scavenging capabilities (hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions), with the most promising radical scavenging properties shown in the amine functionalized C<sub>80</sub> metallofullerenes. Both amino-f-Sc<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub> and amino-f-Gd<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub> at 1 μM significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide induced reactive oxygen species production and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators (<i>inos</i>, <i>tnf-α</i>, <i>il-1</i>, and <i>cox-2</i>) in macrophages without apparent cytotoxicity through regulating activity of p38 MAPK, p65, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, in an established mouse model of lumbar radiculopathy, amino-f-Sc<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub> and amino-f-Gd<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub> effectively alleviated ipsilateral mechanical hyperalgesia for up to 2 weeks. In dorsal root ganglia explant culture, we also showed that amino-f-Sc<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub> and amino-f-Gd<sub>3</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub> ameliorated TNF-α elicited neuroinflammation. In summary, we presented results for a potent radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and analgesic nanoparticle, amino-functionalized eighty-carbon metallofullerenes <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Our study provides important assets for developing pleiotropic treatment strategies to tackle the inflammation, a significant pathological hallmark in the intervertebral disc degeneration and associated pain.
Fluorescent Deazaflavin-Oligonucleotide Probes for Selective Detection of DNA (2002)

Dramatic quenching of fluorescence is observed both in solution and on a glass surface during hybridization of deazaflavin–oligonucleotide conjugates (see picture, N& = nucleoside) to a complementary strand. This opens up the possibility of a new type of DNA microarray, in which the fluorophore is on the probe and not on the target, with the advantage of possible control over the quality of the array.
Technology development for photonic integration in InP (2005)

We report our development activities towards high-density photonic integrated circuits. Two key technologies, quantum well intermixing and etched turning mirrors, are demonstrated in InGaAs/InAlGaAs InP-based material at a wavelength of 1.55 microns
Transgenic quail as a model for research in the avian nervous system: A comparative study of the auditory brainstem (2012)

Research performed on transgenic animals has led to numerous advances in biological research. However, using traditional retroviral methods to generate transgenic avian research models has proved problematic. As a result, experiments aimed at genetic manipulations on birds have remained difficult for this popular research tool. Recently, lentiviral methods have allowed the production of transgenic birds, including a transgenic Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) line showing neuronal specificity and stable expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) across generations (termed here GFP quail). To test whether the GFP quail may serve as a viable alternative to the popular chicken model system, with the additional benefit of genetic manipulation, we compared the development, organization, structure, and function of a specific neuronal circuit in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) with that of the GFP quail. This study focuses on a well-defined avian brain region, the principal nuclei of the sound localization circuit in the auditory brainstem, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), and nucleus laminaris (NL). Our results demonstrate that structural and functional properties of NM and NL neurons in the GFP quail, as well as their dynamic properties in response to changes in the environment, are nearly identical to those in chickens. These similarities demonstrate that the GFP quail, as well as other transgenic quail lines, can serve as an attractive avian model system, with the advantage of being able to build on the wealth of information already available from the chicken.
Quantitative 2-D dual energy imaging: towards 3-D selective reconstruction (1990)

We address the problem of applying Dual-Energy techniques to Image-Intensifierbased acquisition systems. We propose a new Dual Energy calibration and combination scheme, which takes into account the spatially non-uniform response of the Image Intensifier. During the calibration step, the coefficients of the combination are locally estimated for a set of uniformly spaced points over the image, and interpolated from these samples for the other points. In the combination step, the selective images are generated using the corresponding polynomia for each pixel. 3D selective reconstruction of bone-only structures is presented as a possible application. Experimental results obtained on anthropomorphic phantoms are discussed.
The minimally invasive interbody selection algorithm for spinal deformity (2021)

The use of the MIISA provides consistent guidance for surgeons who plan to perform MIS for deformity. For L1-4, the surgeons preferred lateral approaches to TLIF and reserved ACR for patients who needed the greatest increase in segmental lordosis. For L4-5, the surgeons' order of preference was LLIF, TLIF, and ALIF, but TLIF failed to demonstrate any significant lordosis restoration. At L5-S1, the surgical team typically preferred an ALIF when segmental lordosis was desired and preferred a TLIF if preoperative segmental lordosis was adequate.
An intuitive approach to steady state kinetics (1988)

The authors argue that it is difficult to apply steady-state kinetics unless one has an intuitive grasp of its workings. They show how to use free-energy profiles to illustrate complex kinetic and thermodynamic relationships to provide students with an intuitive understanding.
Enhanced Coupling to Slow Photon Modes in Three‐Dimensional Graded Colloidal Photonic Crystals (2005)

Enhanced coupling to slow photon modes at the band-edge of graded three-dimensional, thin-film polymer colloidal photonic crystals (see Figure) is demonstrated. For the gradation, polystyrene latex is etched by exposure to air plasma, yielding a top-to-bottom filling-fraction gradient. By monitoring transmission and corresponding phase spectra upon etching, spectral blue-shifts and enhanced mode coupling are observed. Also, surface roughness is reduced, resulting in higher structural and optical quality colloidal photonic crystals.
Optical Fiber Sensors for Energy Infrastructure: Emerging Opportunities (2021)

This paper discusses application of fiber optics sensors to increase operational visibility of energy systems. Ubiquitous real-time monitoring by high spatial resolution sensing provides new information for advanced data analytics enhancing reliability, resiliency, and efficiency.
Characteristics of the GlnH and GlnX Signal Transduction Proteins Controlling PknG-Mediated Phosphorylation of OdhI and 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Activity in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2022)

Actinobacteria comprise a large number of species playing important roles in biotechnology and medicine, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum , the major industrial amino acid producer, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the pathogen causing tuberculosis. Many actinobacteria use a signal transduction process in which the phosphorylation status of OdhI (corynebacteria) or GarA (mycobacteria) regulates the carbon flux at the 2-oxoglutarate node.
Impact of Pumping Surface Separation Distance on Micromachined Silicon Electroosmotic Pump Performance (2001)

Abstract We have developed a micromachined silicon parallel-plate electroosmotic pump. A silicon nitride dielectric thin film insulates the etched silicon substrate of the micropump, allowing it to operate at electrical potentials up to 500 volts. Standard silicon micromachining processes are used to fabricated the pump. Like all electroosmotic pumps, this micropump has the advantages of simple architecture, no moving parts, low power consumption, and robust operation. A recently-fabricated prototype micropump of this design generates flow rates in excess of 5 μL/min using deionized water as the working fluid. The finite thickness of the electric double layer must be taken into account when modeling the performance of this electroosmotic pump.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Laterally‐Bridged Pyropheophorbide a Dimers. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.