gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive Effects of a Novel α2/α3-Subtype Selective GABAA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator (2017)

Pain remains a challenging clinical condition and spinal GABAA receptors are crucial modulators of pain processing. α2/α3-subtype GABAA receptors mediate the analgesic actions of benzodiazepines. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) at α2/α3-subtype GABAA receptors may have analgesic potential. Here we report a new selective α2/α3-subtype GABAA receptor PAM in in vitro and in vivo pain assays. KRM-II-81 demonstrated similar efficacy at α1/α2/α3 GABAA receptors and negligible efficacy at α4/α5/α6 GABAA receptors, with α2 and α3-subtypes being 17- and 28-fold more potent than α1 subtypes in HEK-293T cells expressing GABAA receptors with different α subunits. In contrast, KRM-II-18B showed significant efficacy at α1/α2/α3/ α5 subtypes, with similar potency at α1/α2/α3 subtypes. Both PAMs and morphine dose-dependently decreased 0.6% acetic acid- and 0.32% lactic acid-induced writhing. The effects of both PAMs were reversed by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil, confirming their action at the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors. Both PAMS and morphine all dose-dependently reversed 0.32% lactic acid (but not 0.6% acetic acid) induced suppression of nesting behavior. Acetaminophen, but not the PAMs, reversed acid-depressed locomotor activity. Combined, these findings suggest that KRM-II-81 is a selective α2/α3 subtype GABAA PAM with significant antinociceptive effects in chemical stimulation-induced pain in mice.
Mechanics of a pressure-controlled adhesive membrane for soft robotic gripping on curved surfaces (2019)

Fracture mechanics on pull-off of a pressurized membrane on 3D surfaces is studied.
Building-level power network analysis (1992)

The Radial Panel Installation Designer (RAPID), a PC software program for electromagnetic and electronic systems, is presented. The program enables a user to create, move, or alter the data that constitutes a building description stored in the program's database quickly and easily. Like a spreadsheet, the program can be used to conduct what-if studies on a network. Automatic recalculation permits the creation and modification of power distribution networks for more easily than pencil and paper. An inexpensive tool, RAPID combines the following capabilities with a simple user interface: understanding of national and proprietary electrical codes, electric load simulation, and basic checks for criteria such as steady-state power balance, overloading, and short-circuit analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The murine interleukin 8 type B receptor homologue and its ligands. Expression and biological characterization. (1994)

KC, the product of an immediate early gene induced in mouse fibroblasts by platelet-derived growth factor, was synthesized as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and binds with 0.8 nM affinity to mouse neutrophils. Human neutrophils also bind recombinant KC at a site competitive with human interleukin (IL8) and Gro-alpha/MGSA, consistent with binding at the IL8 type B receptor (IL8RB). The cDNA corresponding to human IL8RB hybridizes strongly with two restriction fragments in murine genomic DNA, representing candidate receptor genes for KC. Molecular cloning of both mouse genomic DNA and neutrophil exudate cell cDNA libraries yielded a receptor with approximately 68% sequence identity to both the human IL8 type A and B receptors. Transient expression of the murine receptor cDNA in COS cells conferred binding ability to KC and a related gene product, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) with high affinity (approximately 5 nM). Human IL8 was a poor agonist for this expressed receptor (Kd = approximately 400 nM). The potent activity of human IL8 on mouse polymorphonuclear neutrophils is not consistent with binding on the cloned receptor and suggests that murine homologues of IL8 and an IL8 type A receptor remain to be identified. Our data indicate that KC is the murine homologue of human Gro-alpha, and the KC receptor is an IL8 type B receptor homologue capable of binding both KC and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 with high affinity.
Sulfur Species in Source Rock Bitumen before and after Hydrous Pyrolysis Determined by X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (2016)

The sulfur speciation of source rock bitumen (chloroform-extractable organic matter in sedimentary rocks) was examined using sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for a suite of 11 source rocks from around the world. Sulfur speciation was determined for both the native bitumen in thermally immature rocks and the bitumen produced by thermal maturation of kerogen via hydrous pyrolysis (360 °C for 72 h) and retained within the rock matrix. In this study, the immature bitumens had higher sulfur concentrations than those extracted from samples after hydrous pyrolysis. In addition, dramatic and systematic evolution of the bitumen sulfur moiety distributions following artificial thermal maturation was observed consistently for all samples. Specifically, sulfoxide sulfur (sulfur double bonded to oxygen) is abundant in all immature bitumen samples but decreases substantially following hydrous pyrolysis. The loss in sulfoxide sulfur is associated with a relative increase in the fraction of thiophene sulfur (sulfur bonded to aromatic carbon) to the extent that thiophene is the dominant sulfur form in all post-pyrolysis bitumen samples. This suggests that sulfur moiety distributions might be used for estimating thermal maturity in source rocks based on the character of the extractable organic matter.
Sheet resistance under Ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (2014)

For the determination of specific contact resistance in semiconductor devices, it is usually assumed that the sheet resistance under the contact is identical to that between the contacts. This generally does not hold for contacts to AlGaN/GaN structures, where an effective doping under the contact is thought to come from reactions between the contact metals and the AlGaN/GaN. As a consequence, conventional extraction of the specific contact resistance and transfer length leads to erroneous results. In this Letter, the sheet resistance under gold-free Ti/Al-based Ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on Si substrates has been investigated by means of electrical measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and technology computer-aided design simulations. It was found to be significantly lower than that outside of the contact area; temperature-dependent electrical characterization showed that it exhibits semiconductor-like behavior. The increase in conduction is attributed to n-type activity of nitrogen vacancies in the AlGaN. They are thought to form during rapid thermal annealing of the metal stack when Ti extracts nitrogen from the underlying semiconductor. The high n-type doping in the region between the metal and the 2-dimensional electron gas pulls the conduction band towards the Fermi level and enhances horizontal electron transport in the AlGaN. Using this improved understanding of the properties of the material underneath the contact, accurate values of transfer length and specific contact resistance have been extracted.
Self-tuning digital comb filter for PFC applications (2003)

Design and implementation of a self-tuning digital comb filter for power factor correction (PFC) rectifier applications are described. The comb filter enables fast response to load transients in universal input rectifiers and consequently more optimal design of the PFC power stage and a downstream DC/DC converter. The design is based on a modification of a conventional comb filter and implementation of frequency selector logic. The filter is used to eliminate the second and higher harmonic components from the voltage loop, while the frequency selector logic provides automatic adjustments of the filter characteristics and correct operation for different input line frequencies. Experimental results obtained on a 200 W universal-input boost PFC prototype are demonstrated.
Results from a European Clinical Investigation of the Nucleus?? Multichannel Auditory Brainstem Implant (2002)

Although the medical risks and surgical complexity associated with ABI device implantation are far greater than those for a cochlear implant, the clinical results from this trial show that the Nucleus multichannel ABI is capable of providing a significant patient benefit over risk ratio for subjects suffering loss of hearing due to bilateral retrocochlear lesions.
XWand (2003)

The XWand is a novel wireless sensor package that enables styles of natural interaction with intelligent environments. For example, a user may point the wand at a device and control it using simple gestures. The XWand system leverages the intelligence of the environment to best determine the user's intention. We detail the hardware device, signal processing algorithms to recover position and orientation, gesture recognition techniques, a multimodal (wand and speech) computational architecture and a preliminary user study examining pointing performance under conditions of tracking availability and audio feedback.
Optical Tomographic Image Reconstruction Based on Beam Propagation and Sparse Regularization (2016)

Optical tomographic imaging requires an accurate forward model as well as regularization to mitigate missing-data artifacts and to suppress noise. Nonlinear forward models can provide more accurate interpretation of the measured data than their linear counterparts, but they generally result in computationally prohibitive reconstruction algorithms. Although sparsity-driven regularizers significantly improve the quality of reconstructed image, they further increase the computational burden of imaging. In this paper, we present a novel iterative imaging method for optical tomography that combines a nonlinear forward model based on the beam propagation method (BPM) with an edge-preserving three-dimensional (3-D) total variation (TV) regularizer. The central element of our approach is a time-reversal scheme, which allows for an efficient computation of the derivative of the transmitted wave-field with respect to the distribution of the refractive index. This time-reversal scheme together with our stochastic proximal-gradient algorithm makes it possible to optimize under a nonlinear forward model in a computationally tractable way, thus enabling a high-quality imaging of the refractive index throughout the object. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through several experiments on simulated and experimentally measured data.
Overlay Protection Against Link Failures Using Network Coding (2010)

This paper introduces a network coding-based protection scheme against single and multiple link failures. The proposed strategy ensures that in a connection, each node receives two copies of the same data unit: one copy on the working circuit, and a second copy that can be extracted from linear combinations of data units transmitted on a shared protection path. This guarantees instantaneous recovery of data units upon the failure of a working circuit. The strategy can be implemented at an overlay layer, which makes its deployment simple and scalable. While the proposed strategy is similar in spirit to the work of Kamal '07 &amp; '10, there are significant differences. In particular, it provides protection against multiple link failures. The new scheme is simpler, less expensive, and does not require the synchronization required by the original scheme. The sharing of the protection circuit by a number of connections is the key to the reduction of the cost of protection. The paper also conducts a comparison of the cost of the proposed scheme to the 1+1 and shared backup path protection (SBPP) strategies, and establishes the benefits of our strategy.
Hybrid Materials Combining Photoactive 2,3-DidecyloxyAnthracene Physical Gels and Gold Nanoparticles (2009)

Organic/inorganic hybrid gels have been developed in order to control the three-dimensional structure of photoactive nanofibers and metallic nanoparticles (NPs). These materials are prepared by simultaneous self-assembly of the 2,3-didecyloxyanthracene (DDOA) gelator and of thiol-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). TEM and fluorescence measurements show that alkane-thiol capped AuNPs are homogeneously dispersed and tightly attached to the thermoreversible fibrillar network formed by the organogelator in &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-butanol or &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-decanol. Rheology and thermal stability measurements reveal moreover that the mechanical and thermal stabilities of the DDOA organogels are not significantly altered and that they remain strong, viscoelastic materials. The hybrid materials display a variable absorbance in the visible range because of the AuNPs, whereas the strong luminescence of the DDOA nanofibers is efficiently quenched by micromolar amounts of AuNPs. Besides, we obtained hybrid aerogels using supercritical CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. These are very low-density porous materials showing fibrillar networks on which fluorinated gold NPs are dispersed. These hybrid materials are of high interest because of their tunable optical properties and are under investigation for efficient light scattering.
HYMN: A Novel Hybrid Multi-Hop Routing Algorithm to Improve the Longevity of WSNs (2012)

Power-aware routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is designed to adequately prolong the lifetime of severely resource-constrained ad hoc wireless sensor nodes}. Recent research has identified the energy hole problem in single sink-based WSNs, a characteristic of the many-to-one (convergecast) traffic patterns. In this paper, we propose HYbrid Multi-hop routiNg (HYMN) algorithm, which is a hybrid of the two contemporary multi-hop routing algorithm architectures, namely, flat multi-hop routing that utilizes efficient transmission distances, and hierarchical multi-hop routing algorithms that capitalizes on data aggregation. We provide rigorous mathematical analysis for HYMN-optimize it and model its power consumption. In addition, through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the effective performance of HYMN in terms of superior connectivity.
Self-Interference Mitigation using 1-Bit Bandpass Delta-Sigma Modulator with No Output Section (2020)

In wireless communication systems, multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) and carrier aggregation (CA) have been developed to achieve high speed and high capacity communication. In these methods, many transmitters and receivers are used, which leads to larger equipment, and miniaturization is an issue. In this paper, a 1-bit bandpass delta-sigma modulator (BP-DSM) for the transmitter and a direct RF undersampling sample/hold integrated circuit (S/H-IC) for the receiver are introduced. In addition, to mitigate the self-interference between transmitters and receivers caused by miniaturization, the output waveform of the transmitted signal is pulsed like Return to Zero (RZ) and a no output section (NOS) of the transmitted signal is periodically introduced to be separated the received signal in the time domain. In a demonstration experiment, a reception performance of 9.87% error vector magnitude (EVM) in the NOS has been achieved at 760 MHz for both the transmission frequency and reception frequency, 64 QAM and 16 QAM for the transmission and reception signal, respectively, and a DU ratio of 0 dB.
On the reasoning in fuzzy logic control and fuzzy expert systems (2002)

The authors analyze the axiomatic propositions of the Mamdani method used in fuzzy logic control, and the logical method used in fuzzy expert systems. By relaxing these propositions using the concept of S-OWA operators, soft forms of these two methods are proposed. The Mamdani method and the logical method are considered as two extreme cases of a more powerful compromise type of fuzzy reasoning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
N-Substituted Poly(3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole)s:  High Gap and Low Redox Potential Switching Electroactive and Electrochromic Polymers (2003)

A series of electrochromic N-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole)s (PProDOPs) are reported, which exhibit the combined properties of a high (>3 eV) electronic band gap, colored oxidatively doped forms, and easily accessible, low redox potentials. Utilizing methyl (Me), propyl (Pr), octyl (Oct), propanesulfonated (PrS), and ethoxyethoxyethanol (Gly) pendants, the absorbance of the π−π* transition of the resulting polymers is blue-shifted when compared to the nonderivatized parent. For example, in the case of poly(N-ethoxyethoxyethanol ProDOP) (N-Gly PProDOP), this transition displays a maximum at 306 nm (onset at 365 nm), providing a colorless and highly transparent neutral polymer with a luminous transmittance greater than 99% for a film thickness of about 200 nm. N-Substituted PProDOPs display very well-defined cyclic voltammograms, with E1/2 < −0.1 V vs Fc/Fc+ (+0.2 V vs SCE), negative of the oxidation of water, as desired for materials having stable doped forms and long-lived redox switching properties. In addition, the presence of a sulfonate group at the end of the propyl chain in N-PrS PProDOP offers the possibility of self-doping along with water solubility of the polymer. As a result, N-PrS PProDOP exhibits a fast and regular growth even in the absence of supporting electrolyte. This new family of polymers has not only shown interesting electrochromic properties in the visible. Upon doping, a very strong absorption is observed in the near-infrared (NIR) with changes in transmittance up to 97%, extending the use of these polymers as the active layer in vis−NIR switchable devices.
Memory-centric data storage for mobile systems (2015)

Current data storage on smartphones mostly inherits from desktop/server systems a flash-centric design: The memory (DRAM) effectively acts as an I/O cache for the relatively slow flash. To improve both app responsiveness and energy efficiency, this paper proposes MobiFS, a memory-centric design for smartphone data storage. This design no longer exercises cache writeback at short fixed periods or on file synchronization calls. Instead, it incrementally checkpoints app data into flash at appropriate times, as calculated by a set of app/user-adaptive policies. MobiFS also introduces transactions into the cache to guarantee data consistency. This design trades off data staleness for better app responsiveness and energy efficiency, in a quantitative manner. Evaluations show that MobiFS achieves 18.8× higher write throughput and 11.2× more database transactions per second than the default Ext4 filesystem in Android. Popular real-world apps show improvements in response time and energy consumption by 51.6% and 35.8% on average, respectively.
Photon noise and correlations in semiconductor cascade lasers (2000)

A comprehensive model for photon noise and correlations in semiconductor cascade lasers is presented. Photon emission events in different gain sections of cascade lasers are correlated. These correlations are found to be positive and arise because the gain sections are connected electrically. The scaling of photon correlations and intensity noise with the number of cascade sections is discussed. The model presented in this letter is applicable to a variety of cascade laser structures including bipolar interband cascade lasers and unipolar intersubband cascade lasers. For comparison, photon noise and correlations in parallel lasers arrays are also discussed.
The PARIS in-orbit demonstrator (2009)

Mesoscale ocean altimetry remains being a challenging area for satellite observations. Conventional nadir looking radar altimeters can make observations only along the satellite ground track and many of them are needed to sample the sea surface at the required spatial and temporal resolutions. The Passive Reflectometry and Interferometry System (PARIS) using GNSS reflected signals was proposed as a means to perform ocean altimetry along several tracks simultaneously spread over a wide swath. The present paper describes such an instrument specially conceived to fully exploit the GNSS signals for best altimetric performance, and to provide multi-frequency observations to correct for the ionospheric delay. Instrument calibration strategy is also discussed. Furthermore an in-orbit demonstration mission is proposed that would prove the expected altimetric accuracy suited for mesoscale ocean science.
Can Grafts Provide Superior Tendon Healing and Clinical Outcomes After Rotator Cuff Repairs? (2016)

The use of grafts generally provides superior tendon healing and clinical outcomes compared to repairs without grafts, except for some specific graft types (eg, porcine small intestine submucosa, bovine pericardium). Further investigations are required to determine the benefits of the use of grafts.
Breaking the Sound Barrier: Mastering at 96 kHz and Beyond (1996)

The possibilities of the forthcoming high-density disks has generated considerable interest in recording and mastering of audio material at rates higher than 48 kHz and wider than 16 bits. One of the proposed high-definition audio formats is 96 kHz using 24bit PCM. The difference in the processing required is not simply one of bandwidth: the signal processing itself must be carefully analyzed for its suitability as well. Additionally, Sony DSD offers another mastering format with even more technical challenges. Part of the attraction of DSD is that it could be viewed as a Lingua Franca of mastering formats since it can be converted to any release format with no additional degradation. This paper discusses the technical challenges involved in preparing audio material in these formats and proposes some solutions employing today’s technology. DVD has a number of standard audio formats, both compressed and uncompressed. The uncompressed formats are PCM at bit widths of 16, 20, or 24, and sampling rates of 48 kHz and 96 kHz [1]. If we wish to take advantage of the possibilities of this new format, we must record and master music at the highest and widest values, which is 24-bits and 96 kHz. Other formats (such as 16-bit, 44.1 kHz) can be derived from any of the DVD PCM audio formats, if sufficient care is taken in the conversion process. Direct Stream Digital, or DSD® is another mastering format [2, 3, 4]. There is not a corresponding release format at this time. In DSD, the signal is recorded directly from the 1-bit stream coming out of the delta-sigma converter without going through the corresponding digital decimation to multi-bit PCM. This produces a 1-bit signal at 2.8224 MHz. By tapping into the bit stream at this stage, one avoids any possible degradation from the decimation process (and the required interpolation process at an oversampling D/A converter). One advantage that DSD has is that it has even higher bandwidth than 96 kHz PCM, and it can be converted to any standard format. Again, care must be taken in the conversion process to preserve as much of the original audio quality as possible. This paper explores some aspects of these formats that relate to the implementation of systems for mastering in these formats. BANDWIDTH AND STORAGE AT 96 KHZ 1 DVD doesn’t stand for anything. 2 Note that the audio specifications referred to are part of the DVD video specification. The DVD-Audio specification is still under discussion. 3 DSD is a registered trademark of the Sony Corporation.
Figure S3 from Pharmacologic Properties and Preclinical Activity of Sasanlimab, A High-affinity Engineered Anti-Human PD-1 Antibody (2023)

&lt;p&gt;: Supplementary Figure 3 shows the analysis of the primary structure of sasanlimab by LC-MS peptide mapping.&lt;/p&gt;