gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Delivery of LXR Agonist Using a Site-Specific Antibody–Drug Conjugate (2015)

Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists have been explored as potential treatments for atherosclerosis and other diseases based on their ability to induce reverse cholesterol transport and suppress inflammation. However, this therapeutic potential has been hindered by on-target adverse effects in the liver mediated by excessive lipogenesis. Herein, we report a novel site-specific antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that selectively delivers a LXR agonist to monocytes/macrophages while sparing hepatocytes. The unnatural amino acid para-acetylphenylalanine (pAcF) was site-specifically incorporated into anti-CD11a IgG, which binds the α-chain component of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) expressed on nearly all monocytes and macrophages. An aminooxy-modified LXR agonist was conjugated to anti-CD11a IgG through a stable, cathepsin B cleavable oxime linkage to afford a chemically defined ADC. The anti-CD11a IgG-LXR agonist ADC induced LXR activation specifically in human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells in vitro (EC50-27 nM), but had no significant effect in hepatocytes, indicating that payload delivery is CD11a-mediated. Moreover, the ADC exhibited higher-fold activation compared to a conventional synthetic LXR agonist T0901317 (Tularik) (3-fold). This novel ADC represents a fundamentally different strategy that uses tissue targeting to overcome the limitations of LXR agonists for potential use in treating atherosclerosis.
Design of Mixed-mode Systems for Pulse-shape Discrimination (2021)

The use of a mixed-mode system for performing neutron/gamma (n/γ) pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) is investigated. Historically, PSD capable systems have been composed fully of analog electronics or use fast digitizers that allow for later analysis using digital signal processing (DSP). Analog systems are inexpensive and suitable for large detectors where hundreds, or even thousands, of detector channels are needed. However analog systems are algorithm locked. DSP-based systems allow for more complex algorithms to be used for pulse processing. If fast digitzers are required, DSP systems can be prohibitively expensive for large channel-count detectors. A topology is proposed for a PSD capable mixed-mode system that combines analog and DSP techniques. The topology is modeled in Verilog-A and analyzed using waveform data from several scintillators to show that mixed-mode systems are PSD capable and offer advantages over pure analog or DSP systems.
Tunable Laser Integrated With Lateral-Grating-Assisted Lateral Codirectional Coupler Filter (2011)

A tunable laser monolithically integrated with an optical waveguide tunable filter, named a “lateral-grating-assisted lateral codirectional coupler” (LGLC) filter, was fabricated and demonstrated. The LGLC filter has medium wavelength selectivity characteristics and operates over a 100-nm-wide wavelength range at 60-mA injection current. A tunable laser was also fabricated and its wavelength characteristic of sidemode suppression ration (SMSR) of over 35 dB at <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$C$</tex> </formula> -band wavelength range was demonstrated.
SIMPLIFIED URETERAL STENT PLACEMENT WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF A URETERAL ACCESS SHEATH (2001)

If an access sheath has already been placed during a ureteroscopic procedure and stent insertion is deemed necessary, the stent can be easily placed through the access sheath under fluoroscopic guidance without the need to reinsert the cystoscope. Our experience suggests that all urologists who routinely perform ureteroscopic procedures can easily master this timesaving technique.
Influence of Methyl Halide Treatment on Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Activated Carbon (2011)

Catalyzing concept: Methyl halides have been used to disperse large (around 20 nm) gold nanoparticles supported on carbon into dispersed gold atoms/dimers at low temperature and atmospheric pressure (see picture). The process occurs through the progressive removal of gold–halogen entities from the metal nanoparticles and a gradual decrease in the size of the gold nanoparticles on the minute timescale. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optical resonance of a two-level atomic system (1976)

The method of multiple scales is used to derive a solution of the damped optical Bloch equations of a two-level atomic system due to a strong pulsed field. The time dependence of the oscillations of the atomic inversion influenced by detuning and power broadening is found. The population inversion consists, in general, of three terms: a quasisteady term, quasisteady term that decays with time, and an oscillatory term that also decays with time. In the limit of constant fields, the solution of Torrey for damped systems and that of Rabi for undamped systems are recovered. For an adiabatic switching of the field, the solution for undamped systems reduces to that of Crisp in the adiabatic following limit. An equation describing the field envelope is derived for an arbitrary amount of detuning. At exact resonance, this equation reduces to a pendulum equation, in agreement with previous analyses.
Ultrasonic spectral analyses of ocular tissues (1976)

Spectrum analysis is performed on signals obtained from a wideband ultrasonic system used in clinical ophthalmic examinations. Clinical data has been cataloged to form the nucleus of a digital data library to assist in delineating characteristic spectral features of specific pathologies. The spectral analysis system analyzes gated r-f echoes from tissue segments selected with the assistance of simultaneous A- and B-mode displays. On-line averaging of spectra obtained along parallel illumination paths is provided to yield the average backscatter power spectra of tissues with heterogeneous, random interior structure. These spectra are digitized and compensated for system absolute-gain and frequency characteristics. The shapes and absolute levels of compensated spectra are being examined to evaluate their diagnostic utility. Vitreous hemorrhages are found to exhibit spectra that increase as the fourth power of frequency as would be expected for a distribution of Rayleigh scatters. Some tumors have displayed spectral resonances indicative of an ordered spatial structure. Membranous tissues (e.g., detached retinas) produce scaloped spectral patterns that can be used to deduce membrane thickness. [Work supported by NIH.]
A Methods Paper That Led to Much More (2013)

The concept that tissues transplanted between genetically dissimilar individuals are immunologically rejected is grounded in discoveries of pioneering mouse geneticists at the beginning of the 20th century. At that time, Mendel’s genetic laws had been recently rediscovered and William E. Castle at
Inhibition of SYK kinase does not confer a pro-proliferative or pro-invasive phenotype in breast epithelium or breast cancer cells (2020)

SYK has been reported to possess both tumour promotor and repressor activities and deletion has been linked to a pro-proliferative / pro-invasive phenotype in breast tumours. It is unclear whether this is a consequence of protein deletion or loss of kinase activity. The SYK inhibitor, BI 1002494, caused no increase in proliferation in breast cancer cells or primary mammary epithelial cells in 2D or 3D cultures, nor changes in proliferation (CD1/2, CDK4, PCNA, Ki67) or invadopodia markers (MMP14, PARP, phospho-vimentin Ser56). BI 1002494 did not alter SYK protein expression. There was no change in phenotype observed in 3D cultures after addition of BI 1002494. Thirteen weeks of treatment with BI 1002494 resulted in no ductal branching or cellular proliferation in the mammary glands of mice. An <i>in silico</i> genetic analysis in breast tumour samples revealed no evidence that SYK has a typical tumour suppressor gene profile such as focal deletion, inactivating mutations or lower expression levels. Furthermore, SYK mutations were not associated with reduction in survival and disease-free period in breast cancer patients. In conclusion, small molecule inhibition of the kinase function of SYK does not contribute to a typical tumour suppressor profile.
Dosimetry and uncertainty approaches for the million person study of low-dose radiation health effects: overview of the recommendations in NCRP Report No. 178 (2018)

The success of the MPS is tied to the validity of the dose reconstruction approaches to provide realistic estimates of organ-specific radiation absorbed doses that are as accurate and precise as possible and to properly evaluate their accompanying uncertainties. The dosimetry aspects for the MPS are challenging in that they address diverse exposure scenarios for diverse occupational groups being studied over a period of up to 70 y. Specific dosimetric reconstruction issues differ among the varied exposed populations that are considered: atomic veterans, U.S. Department of Energy workers exposed to both penetrating radiation and intakes of radionuclides, nuclear power plant workers, medical radiation workers, and industrial radiographers. While a major source of radiation exposure to the study population comes from external gamma- or x-ray sources, for some of the study groups, there is also a meaningful component of radionuclide intakes that requires internal radiation dosimetry assessments.
Expression of the Subtype 1A Dopamine Receptor in the Rat Heart (1996)

The subtype 1A dopamine receptor (D1A) has recently been detected in the rat kidney. In the present study using light microscopic immunohistochemistry, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, and in situ amplification of mRNA, we demonstrate the D1A receptor in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar Kyoto rat hearts. For immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, anti-peptide polyclonal antibodies were directed toward amino acid sequences of the third extracellular and intracellular domains of the native receptor. Selectivity was validated by recognition of the D1A receptor expressed in stably transfected LTK- cells. D1A receptor mRNA was detected with a novel transcription-based isothermal in situ amplification system as well as with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. D1A receptor protein was distributed throughout the atrium and ventricular myocardium. Preimmune and preabsorption controls were negative. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using the protein A gold method demonstrated the D1A receptor along the cellular membranes of coronary smooth muscle cells and ventricular myocytes and in the myosin thick filaments and M-lines. D1A receptor mRNA was present in coronary vessels and myocardium in amplified but not in unamplified sections. Western blot analysis showed specific D1A bands in transfected LTK- cells and the atrium but not in nontransfected LTK- cells and the ventricle. The selective D1-like receptor agonist SKF38393 stimulated adenylyl cyclase in ventricular myocardial plasma membranes in a dose-related fashion, and the response was abolished by the selective D1-like receptor antagonist SCH23390. These results demonstrate that the D1A receptor gene and protein are expressed in normal rat heart. The physiological and pathophysiological roles and predominant cell signaling mechanism or mechanisms of this receptor remain to be determined.
High gain bipolar photo-transistor operation in graphene/SiC Schottky interfaces: The role of minority carriers (2014)

We propose a new class of semiconductor transistor devices based on graphene/SiC and graphene/Si Schottky junctions that have the potential to be transformative. By using the graphene as collector/emitter in a bipolar transistor (BJT) and not as a channel material, there is relaxation of the tolerances in graphene thickness and quality, simplifying growth, device design and fabrication. This also enables the exploitation of engineered defects in thicker (2-5ML) graphene films for flexible electronics, currently not being considered, as well controlled uniform defects are preferred to localized random defect clusters. We will discuss an SiF4 based growth method that enables temperature programmed defect engineering. We will discuss the use of electron-beam induced current (EBIC) to characterize these materials. Based on recent results at our lab, a graphene/SiC Schottky junction behaves as a collector (GC) and an emitter (GE) in a BJT with common emitter gain, β>50, measured under phototransistor operation mode. The transparent graphene Schottky collector/emitter junction enables opto-electronic applications, minimizes series resistance in the device due to the thin graphene layer, and also minimizes charge storage time (diffusion capacitance), enabling high speed operation. Furthermore, the observation of β>50 with a GE-BJT demonstrates that significant minority carrier injection occurs in these Schottky junctions, contrary to what is commonly assumed. The injection of minority carriers has the ability to induce conductivity modulation in the underlying semiconductor, reducing overall device resistance. The role of minority carriers in Schottky Junctions will be discussed.
Three-Dimensional Bayesian Optical Diffusion Tomography with Fluorescence (2002)

A Bayesian strategy for imaging scattering and fluorescence parameters in turbid media is demonstrated in a computational study. The approach uses excitation and emission data, and incorporates a simple multiresolution procedure.
Simulating Underwater Human Motions on the Ground With a Cable-Driven Robotic Platform (2022)

Human performance and body motions when submerged underwater are highly influenced by buoyancy forces. In this article, we simulate the effect of buoyancy on human motion over ground by using a cable-driven robotic system. The robotic platform was configured to apply buoyancy forces on the human torso, similar to underwater, while subjects performed reaching and assembly tasks. Previous studies have analyzed muscle activity, postural balance, and limb kinematics in aquatic enclosures. However, from these studies, it is difficult to correlate observed human physiology changes with a specific underwater feature. The goal of this article is to expand our knowledge in objectively characterizing how physical underwater features affect human performance. The results of this article could help in designing more efficient overground programs to train divers in performing submarine motor tasks. For this purpose, we investigated motion of body center of mass (COM), ground reaction forces, muscular activity with surface electromyography (sEMG), and limb coordination while participants performed reaching tasks with and without simulated underwater forces. Within the simulated underwater environment with the cable system, buoyancy force significantly displaced the COM to outside the base of support. Additionally, ground reaction forces and sEMG of back muscles were significantly reduced during this condition. The results obtained in the present study are in line with previous experiments performed underwater. The results show the potential applicability of cable-driven platforms to expand our understanding in the future about the influence of aquatics on functional tasks.
Gas Phase Hydration and Deprotonation of the Cyclic C3H3+ Cation. Solvation by Acetonitrile, and Comparison with the Benzene Radical Cation (2006)

The binding energies of the first 5 H2O molecules to c-C3H3+ were determined by equilibrium measurements. The measured binding energies of the hydrated clusters of 9-12 kcal/mol are typical of carbon-based CH+...X hydrogen bonds. The ion solvation with the more polar CH3CN molecules results in stronger bonds consistent with the increased ion-dipole interaction. Ab initio calculations show that the lowest energy isomer of the c-C3H3+(H2O)4 cluster consists of a cyclic water tetramer interacting with the c-C3H3+ ion, which suggests the presence of orientational restraint of the water molecules consistent with the observed large entropy loss. The c-C3H3+ ion is deprotonated by 3 or more H2O molecules, driven energetically by the association of the solvent molecules to form strongly hydrogen bonded (H2O)nH+ clusters. The kinetics of the associative proton transfer (APT) reaction C3H3+ + nH2O --> (H2O)nH+ + C3H2* exhibits an unusually steep negative temperature coefficient of k = cT(-63+/-4) (or activation energy of -37 +/- 1 kcal mol(-1)). The behavior of the C3H3+/water system is exactly analogous to the benzene+*/water system, suggesting that the mechanism, kinetics and large negative temperature coefficients may be general to multibody APT reactions. These reactions can become fast at low temperatures, allowing ionized polycyclic aromatics to initiate ice formation in cold astrochemical environments.
Minimal SARS-CoV-2 classroom transmission at a large urban university experiencing repeated into campus introduction (2022)

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has displayed person to person transmission in a variety of indoor situations. This potential for robust transmission has posed significant challenges to day-to-day activities of colleges and universities where indoor learning is a focus. Concerns about transmission in the classroom setting have been of concern for students, faculty and staff. With the simultaneous implementation of both non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical control measures meant to curb the spread of the disease, defining whether in-class instruction without any physical distancing is a risk for driving transmission is important. We examined the evidence for SARS-CoV-2 transmission on a large urban university campus that mandated vaccination and masking but was otherwise fully open without physical distancing during a time of ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 both at the university and in the surrounding counties. Using weekly surveillance testing of all on-campus individuals and rapid contact tracing of individuals testing positive for the virus we found little evidence of in-class transmission. Of more than 140,000 in-person class events, only nine instances of potential in-class transmission were identified. When each of these events were further interrogated by whole-genome sequencing of all positive cases significant genetic distance was identified between all potential in-class transmission pairings, providing evidence that all individuals were infected outside of the classroom. These data suggest that under robust transmission abatement strategies, in-class instruction is not an appreciable source of disease transmission.
Therapeutic Potential of Ovarian Monocyte Progenitor Cells (MPCs) in SLE-Murine Model. (2006)

Abstract We have previously shown that the progeny of resident ovarian stromal progenitor cells is restricted to the production of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. These ovarian monocyte progenitor cells (MPCs) formed hematopoietic colonies on methyl cellulose, and were CD45+, CD11b+, CD11c+, and Ly6-Gr-1. A distinct CD45low population within these cells reacted with CD117 (C-kit) surface marker, suggestive of a primitive hematopoietic progenitor. To determine the therapeutic potential of MPCs, we transplanted 50,000 cells into normal and autoimmune BXSB autoimmune mouse model for SLE. MPCs did not rescue lethally irradiated mice from the consequences of irradiation, and were not engrafted in MHC-mismatched mouse strains. However, murine SLE-like symptoms were improved, and substantial reduction in inflammatory infiltrate was observed in tissue sections from transplanted mice including kidneys, lungs, and spleen. Restructuring of renal glomerural sclerosis was also observed in the transplant recipients. To determine whether glomerular vascular regeneration was directly mediated by donor MPCs, we tested the hypothesis that MPCs co-express markers for endothelial progenitor cells and monocytes. After culture in conditions permissible to endothelial cell differentiation, large percentage of MPCs (73%) expressed endothelial cell marker CD106. When their culture supernatant was applied to a rat aortic ring in matrigel tube forming assay, robust tube formation was observed in the experimental group. However, similar tube formation was also observed in the control well containing 20% FBS, and cultured MPCs failed to produce tube formation in matrigel assay. Interestingly, phenotypic analysis showed that only 52% of MPCs express MHC class I suggesting that these cells may induce less rejection when transplanted in mismatched hosts. These data suggest that vascular tissue repair initiated by MPCs is mediated by anti-inflammatory factors, and not by direct contribution to the reconstruction of glomeular vasculature.
Synthesis and characterization of diblock copolymer films containing self-assembled polyacetylene structures (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of diblock copolymer films containing self-assembled polyacetylene structuresRandall S. Saunders, Robert E. Cohen, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 20, 5599–5605Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00020a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00020a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts