gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Methyl(pyrrolidino)chromium Carbene Complex (I) with Epoxides (II): Synthesis of γ‐Hydroxyalkyl(pyrrolidino)chromium Carbene Complexes (III). (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 2167: Machine learning-based tissue of origin classification for cancer of unknown primary diagnostics using genome-wide mutation features (2022)

Abstract Tumor tissue of origin (TOO) is an important factor for guiding treatment decisions. However, TOO cannot be determined for ~3% of metastatic cancer patients that present in the clinic and are categorized as cancers of unknown primary (CUP). As whole genome sequencing (WGS) of tumors is now transitioning from the research domain to diagnostic practice in order to address the increasing demand for biomarker detection, its use for detection of TOO in routine diagnostics also starts becoming within reach. While proof of concept for the use of genome-wide features has been demonstrated before, more complex WGS mutation features, including structural variant (SV) driver and passenger events, have never been integrated into TOO-classifiers even though they bear highly characteristic links with tumor TOO. Using a uniformly processed dataset containing 6820 whole-genome sequenced primary and metastatic tumors (ICGC/PCAWG and Hartwig cohors), we have developed Cancer of Unknown Primary Location Resolver (CUPLR), a random forest based TOO classifier that employs 502 genome-wide features based on simple and complex somatic driver and passenger mutations. Our model is able to distinguish 33 cancer (sub)types with an overall accuracy of 91% and 89% based on cross-validation (n=6139) and hold out set (n=681) predictions, respectively. We found that SV derived features increase the accuracy and utility of TOO classification for specific cancer types. To ensure that predictions are human-interpretable and suited for use in routine diagnostics, CUPLR reports the top contributing features and their values compared to cohort averages. The comprehensive output of CUPLR is complementary to existing histopathological procedures and may thus improve diagnostics for patients with CUP. CUP is the first reimbursed indication for WGS in The Netherlands. We will report on the prospective use and clinical utility of WGS for CUP patients in routine diagnostics but also highlight the added value of CUPLR for unsolved differential diagnosis cases and incidental cases where the independent WGS analysis was discrepant with the original tumor diagnosis. Citation Format: Luan Nguyen, Luuk Schipper, Paul Roepman, Kim Monkhorst, Arne van Hoeck, Petur Snaebjornsson, Edwin Cuppen. Machine learning-based tissue of origin classification for cancer of unknown primary diagnostics using genome-wide mutation features [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2167.
Perioperative Complications of Threaded Cylindrical Lumbar Interbody Fusion Devices (2003)

Few data are available to evaluate approach-related differences in perioperative complications with lumbar interbody fusion devices. Complications occurring in the intraoperative and immediate postoperative period were identified and categorized for 31 consecutive posterior lumbar interbody fusions (PLIFs) and 88 consecutive anterior lumbar interbody fusions (ALIFs). In this study, all lumbar interbody fusions were conducted with threaded cylindrical devices as stand-alone internal fixation devices. Multivariate analysis was used to account for potential covariates and identify factors associated with an increased complication risk. Twenty-two percent of the patients had a perioperative complication. The relative risk of having a perioperative complication was 4.75 times higher for the PLIF group. All intraoperative complications occurred in the PLIF group. The relative risk of having a major postoperative complication was 6.8 times higher in the PLIF group than the ALIF group. Anterior approached patients tended to have visceral (ileus, 6%) and vascular (deep venous thrombosis, 2%) complications. In the posterior group, complications were neurologic and dura related (pseudomeningocele, 16%; epidural hematoma, 3%) and occurred most frequently in patients that had had previous posterior lumbar surgery (31% with major complication).
Retrospective study comparing model-based deformation correction to intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging for image-guided neurosurgery (2017)

Brain shift during tumor resection compromises the spatial validity of registered preoperative imaging data that is critical to image-guided procedures. One current clinical solution to mitigate the effects is to reimage using intraoperative magnetic resonance (iMR) imaging. Although iMR has demonstrated benefits in accounting for preoperative-to-intraoperative tissue changes, its cost and encumbrance have limited its widespread adoption. While iMR will likely continue to be employed for challenging cases, a cost-effective model-based brain shift compensation strategy is desirable as a complementary technology for standard resections. We performed a retrospective study of [Formula: see text] tumor resection cases, comparing iMR measurements with intraoperative brain shift compensation predicted by our model-based strategy, driven by sparse intraoperative cortical surface data. For quantitative assessment, homologous subsurface targets near the tumors were selected on preoperative MR and iMR images. Once rigidly registered, intraoperative shift measurements were determined and subsequently compared to model-predicted counterparts as estimated by the brain shift correction framework. When considering moderate and high shift ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] measurements per case), the alignment error due to brain shift reduced from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], representing [Formula: see text] correction. These first steps toward validation are promising for model-based strategies.
Solvent Effects on the Two-Photon Absorption of Distyrylbenzene Chromophores (2005)

A series of organic- and water-soluble distyrylbenzene-based two-photon absorption (TPA) fluorophores containing dialkylamino donor groups at the termini was designed, synthesized, and characterized. The central core was systematically substituted to modulate intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). These molecules allow an examination of solvent effects on the TPA cross section (delta) and on the TPA action cross section. In toluene, the delta values follow the order of ICT strength. The effect of solvent on delta is nonmonotonic: maximum delta was measured in an intermediate polarity solvent (THF) and was lowest in water. We failed to find a correlation between the observed solvent effect and previous theoretical predictions. Hydrogen bonding to the donor groups and aggregation of the optical units in water, which are not included in calculational analysis, may be responsible for the discrepancies between experimental results and theory.
STY, a Tyrosine-Phosphorylating Enzyme with Sequence Homology to Serine/Threonine Kinases (1991)

We have cloned a novel kinase (STY) from an embryonal carcinoma cell line. Sequence analysis of the STY cDNA reveals that it shares sequence homology with serine/threonine-type kinases and yet the bacterial expression product of the STY cDNA appears to have serine-, threonine-, and tyrosine-phosphorylating activities. The predicted STY protein is highly basic and contains a putative nuclear localization signal. During differentiation, two new mRNAs were detected in addition to the embryonic transcript.
Effect of Membrane Permeability on Survival of Hemodialysis Patients (2008)

The effect of high-flux hemodialysis membranes on patient survival has not been unequivocally determined. In this prospective, randomized clinical trial, we enrolled 738 incident hemodialysis patients, stratified them by serum albumin < or = 4 and >4 g/dl, and assigned them to either low-flux or high-flux membranes. We followed patients for 3 to 7.5 yr. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between high-flux and low-flux membranes, and a Cox proportional hazards model concurred. Patients with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl had significantly higher survival rates in the high-flux group compared with the low-flux group (P = 0.032). In addition, a secondary analysis revealed that high-flux membranes may significantly improve survival of patients with diabetes. Among those with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl, slightly different effects among patients with and without diabetes suggested a potential interaction between diabetes status and low serum albumin in the reduction of risk conferred by high-flux membranes. In summary, we did not detect a significant survival benefit with either high-flux or low-flux membranes in the population overall, but the use of high-flux membranes conferred a significant survival benefit among patients with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl. The apparent survival benefit among patients who have diabetes and are treated with high-flux membranes requires confirmation given the post hoc nature of our analysis.
P‐224L: Late‐News Poster : Enhancing the Optical Resolution of a Mask Metrology System using a Software Algorithm (2006)

Abstract In this paper, we present how to enhance the resolution in an optical mask metrology system. The resolution is enhanced using an inverse filter based upon a model of the optical system. The filter is implemented in software, thus we achieve a higher resolution without requiring high resolution optical design.
High electron affinity: a guiding criterion for voltage stabilizer design (2015)

A high electron affinity is found to correlate with the ability of voltage-stabilizer additives to improve the dielectric strength of cross-linked polyethylene, which is a highly desirable for high-voltage insulation materials.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION IN A CYLINDRICAL SECTION DURING QUENCHING (1995)

Abstract A two-dimensional numerical solution is developed for transient heat conduction in a copper test section (20 mm thick and 50.8 mm in diameter) during quenching of its downward facing curved surface (surface radius 148 mm) in saturated water. The solution used the measured temperatures in the test section near the surface (~ 0.5 mm) to derive the transient pool boiling curves at different locations on the surface. The study investigated the effects of lateral conduction near the surface on local heat flux and local surface temperature in the different pool boiling regimes. The solution employed a fully implicit, alternating direction, control volume method to ensure numerical stability and reduce the storage and computation time. A parametric analysis is performed to assess the effect of the computation grid size and the value of the convergence coefficient on the accuracy of calculations as well as the computation time on a 50- MHz, 486 PC.
Scalability of surface PM machines with concentrated windings designed to achieve wide speed ranges of constant-power operation (2005)

Previous work has shown that it is possible to design surface permanent magnet (SPM) synchronous machines using fractional-slot concentrated windings to achieve wide speed ranges of constant-power operation. A closed-form analytical technique is now available to rapidly analyze candidate SPM machine designs using concentrated windings and tune them to meet the critical condition for optimal flux weakening. This analytical tool is used to demonstrate that optimal flux weakening can be achieved in SPM machines that are varied over wide ranges in several key dimensions including machine pole numbers, diameter-to-length aspect ratios, and output power ratings. Performance requirements for a 6 kW direct-drive automotive starter/alternator machine are used as the starting point for the scalability investigation. Finite element analysis results are presented to confirm the validity of key results
Efficient Elimination of Chlorinated Organics on a Phosphoric Acid Modified CeO2 Catalyst: A Hydrolytic Destruction Route (2019)

The development of efficient technologies to prevent the emission of hazardous chlorinated organics from industrial sources without forming harmful byproducts, such as dioxins, is a major challenge in environmental chemistry. Herein, we report a new hydrolytic destruction route for efficient chlorinated organics elimination and demonstrate that phosphoric acid-modified CeO<sub>2</sub> (HP-CeO<sub>2</sub>) can decompose chlorobenzene (CB) without forming polychlorinated congeners under the industry-relevant reaction conditions. The active site and reaction pathway were investigated, and it was found that surface phosphate groups initially react with CB and water to form phenol and HCl, followed by deep oxidation. The high on-stream stability of the catalyst was due to the efficient generation of HCl, which removes Cl from the catalyst surface and ensures O<sub>2</sub> activation and therefore deep oxidation of the hydrocarbons. Subsequent density functional theory calculations revealed a distinctly decreased formation energy of an oxygen vacancy at nearest (V<sub>O-1</sub>) and next-nearest (V<sub>O-2</sub>) surface sites to the bonded phosphate groups, which likely contributes to the high rate of oxidation observed over the catalyst. Significantly, no dioxins, which are frequently formed in the conventional oxidation route, were observed. This work not only reports an efficient route and corresponding phosphate active site for chlorinated organics elimination but also illustrates that the rational design of the reaction route can solve some of the most important challenges in environmental catalysis.
Further studies on the role of glycogenin in glycogen biosynthesis (1990)

About 90% of the glycogenin in skeletal muscle extracts prepared from fed, 24-h starved or alloxan-diabetic rabbits sedimented at 140,000 x g with the glycogen/sarcovesicular fraction, from which it was released by glycogenolysis, but not by 1% SDS. Glycogenin in the glycogen/sarcovesicular fraction is therefore bound covalently to glycogen, and not associated (covalently or non-covalently) with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The same proportion of glycogen synthase was also recovered in the glycogen/sarcovesicle fraction, was solubilised by glycogenolysis, and copurified with glycogenin to yield a heterodimer composed of a 1:1 complex between these proteins. Glycogen synthase and glycogenin are therefore present in equimolar amounts in skeletal muscle and there is an average of one glycogen synthase catalytic subunit associated with each molecule of glycogen in vivo. Glycogenin and glycogen synthase released into the muscle cytosol by degradation of glycogen did not form a complex initially, and only 50% reassociation took place after storage for several hours or overnight dialysis. This suggests that the muscle cytosol may contain a factor(s) which regulates glycogen biogenesis by modulating the association of glycogenin and glycogen synthase. Only glycogen synthase that was complexed to glycogenin was capable of elongating the primer formed by incubation of glycogenin with Mn2+ and micromolar concentrations of UDP-glucose, demonstrating the critical importance of this complex for glycogen biogenesis.
The wireless art and the wired force of subscriber access (2001)

Different technologies for subscriber access are put side by side. Starting from the various transmission media characteristics of all systems, the well-known twisted pair lines with their corresponding digital subscriber line services are evaluated against wireless local loops, communications over ubiquitous power lines, high-bandwidth cable modems, and mobile radio. Each technology has its advantages and disadvantages. The different technologies will find their fields of applications. Most networks will have to provide a mixture of solutions for individual subscribers and customer segments to meet their boundary conditions. As a result, the future of subscriber access is a hybrid solution.
A GHz operating ScAlN based SAW resonator used for Surface Acoustic Waves/Spin Waves Coupling (2022)

A thin ScAlN layer was deposited on high resistivity (111) oriented silicon and two port surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices were manufactured, using advanced nanolithographic techniques, on this material. The Surface Acoustic Wave and Spin Wave (SAW/SW) coupling was performed via a thin ferromagnetic layer (Ni) placed between the interdigitated transducers (IDTs) of the SAW device. Since the phase velocity in this material is lower than in the Si substrate, both Rayleigh (4.67 GHz) and Sezawa (8.05 GHz) propagation modes could be observed. The amplitude of the S&lt;sub&gt;21&lt;/sub&gt; parameter around the two resonances was measured for values of the magnetic field µ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;H from -280 to +280 mT, at different angles (θ) between the SAW propagation direction and the magnetic field direction. A maximum decrease of 2.54 dB occurred in S&lt;sub&gt;21&lt;/sub&gt; for the Rayleigh mode at µ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;H = -90 mT, and of 7.24 dB for the Sezawa mode at µ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;H =-203 mT, both at θ = 45°. These values were extracted from time gated processing of the frequency domain raw data.
Liquid crystal parameter analysis for tunable photonic bandgap fiber devices (2010)

We investigate the tunability of splay-aligned liquid crystals for the use in solid core photonic crystal fibers. Finite element simulations are used to obtain the alignment of the liquid crystals subject to an external electric field. By means of the liquid crystal director field the optical permittivity is calculated and used in finite element mode simulations. The suitability of liquid crystal photonic bandgap fiber devices for filters, waveplates or sensors is highly dependent on the tunability of the transmission spectrum. In this contribution we investigate how the bandgap tenability is determined by the parameters of the liquid crystals. This enables us to identify suitable liquid crystals for tunable photonic bandgap fiber devices.
NASA's 2004 Hall Thruster Program (2004)

An overview of NASA's Hall thruster research and development tasks conducted during fiscal year 2004 is presented. These tasks focus on: raising the technology readiness level of high power Hall thrusters, developing a moderate-power/ moderate specific impulse Hall thruster, demonstrating high-power/high specific impulse Hall thruster operation, and addressing the fundamental technical challenges of emerging Hall thruster concepts. Programmatic background information, technical accomplishments and out year plans for each program element performed under the sponsorship of the In-Space Transportation Program, Project Prometheus, and the Energetics Project are provided.
Real-time measurements of phonon lifetime using a streak-camera–Raman-induced phase-conjugation method (1987)

A novel real-time technique to measure phonon dynamics using the Raman-induced phase-conjugation method in combination with streak-camera technology is described. The technique is used to determine vibrational and optical phonon dephasing kinetics of CS(2), calcite, and LiNbO(3) with a temporal resolution of 3 psec.
Investigation on the Distribution of Fluorine and Boron in Polycrystalline Silicon/Silicon Systems (1995)

The behaviors of fluorine in implanted polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) on silicon have been investigated in the annealing temperature range of 850 to 1100°C. The distribution of fluorine atoms as functions of temperature and time have been monitored by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). The XTEM micrographs revealed that fluorine bubbles are distributed in the poly‐Si and at the original poly‐Si/Si interface after annealing. The locations of bubbles were found to correspond to the fluorine peaks in the SIMS depth‐ concentration profiles. The presence of the boron peak at the original poly‐Si/Si interface is attributed to the gettering of boron atoms by the fluorine bubbles. Moreover, the boron profiles in the silicon substrates are sensitive to thermal budget due to the pileup of fluorine atoms at the poly‐Si/Si interface. The pileup of fluorine at the poly‐Si/Si interface leads to an enhancement of epitaxial regrowth of poly‐Si films and the formation of fluorine bubbles. Consequently, higher surface dopant concentration and deeper junction depth were obtained.
The anatomic basis for ventricular arrhythmia in the normal heart: What the student of anatomy needs to know (2014)

The traditional route for teaching cardiac anatomy involves didactic instruction, cadaver dissections, and familiarization with the main structure and relationships of the cardiac chambers, valves, and vasculature. In contemporary cardiac electrophysiology, however, a very different view of anatomy is required including details rarely appreciated with a general overview. In this review, we discuss the critical advances in cardiac electrophysiology that were possible only because of understanding detailed anatomic relationships. While we briefly discuss the clinical relevance, we explain in depth the necessary structural information for the student of clinical anatomy. Interspersed through the text are boxes that highlight and summarize the critical pieces of knowledge to be borne in mind while studying the fascinating structural anatomy of the human heart.
Large-signal simulation of a distributed power supply system with power factor correction (2003)

A large signal simulation for a distributed power supply system is presented in this paper. The system is composed of two parallel-connected switched-mode power factor correction (PFC) converters utilizing a central limit control technique. This technique allows one voltage loop compensator to be shared by all the PFC converters. The design of such a compensator is discussed and the system performances with regard to unequal cable resistances and load changes are reported. The resulting system features a universal input with a power factor greater than 0.98 and provides excellent current sharing among the converter modules.