gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Composition of an Oil/Water Interfacial Film (2017)

Interfacial tension plays an important role in reservoir mechanisms and in the production and processing of crude oil with coproduced water. Natural surfactants adhere to the oil/water (O/W) interface, which reduces the interfacial tension and in some cases leads to a solidified interfacial film with a significant impact on emulsion stability. These technical challenges are a result of the chemistry of the petroleum system, and hence optimization of production depends on a better understanding of this. The properties and composition of the interfacial film have been the subject of many studies. In this study, films of oil-related components were generated at the interface between oil and water. The interfacial material was recovered by skimming the interface remaining after repeated solvent washings. The recovered material was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflectance (FTIR ATR) to obtain both quantitative and qualitative information about the composition of the film. When compared to the spectrum of the total precipitated n-heptane asphaltenes, which show many aromatic features, the interfacial film shows surprisingly few of these. There is a substantial difference between the interfacial film material and the asphaltenes, especially in the aromatic C–H vibration range between 700 and 900 cm–1. It is observed that oxygenated compounds, sulfoxides and carbonyls, and one specific type of aromatics are concentrated in the film. The latter also shows up in the oil and in the maltenes but less prominently. In a recent communication [Andersen et al. Energy Fuels 2016, 30 (6), 4475–4485], we showed that homologous series of fatty acids can be found in the interfacial film, and the current detailed examination of the FTIR spectra also indicates that the water interface serves as a “substrate” for specific adsorption of aromatic molecules that are not representative of the bulk asphaltenes.
Enfermería desde una unidad de conductas adictivas (2004)

La unidad de conductas adictivas es un recurso asistencial para drogodependientes desde el que mediante un enfoque biopiscosocial se aborda la deshabituación-desintoxicación de sujetos que sufren cualquier subtipo de patología adictiva (abuso/ dependencia).El equipo profesional de la UCA esta compuesto por un médico, un psicólogo y un ATS/ DUE. Las funciones que se realizan desde el área de enfermería difieren a las que se realizan en otros dispositivos asistenciales de índole sanitaria, debido a la particularidad del colectivo que utiliza el servicio.La intervención que el área sanitaria desempeña en la UCA se vertebraría en tres niveles: individual (paciente), familiar (pareja, etc.) y comunitario (entorno inmediato etc.) , las actuaciones en estos diferentes niveles comprenderían: valoración general del paciente, diagnóstico del paciente, desintoxicación, deshabituación, reducción de daños y prevención sociosanitaria...
Effects of thermal stress on amount, composition, and antibacterial properties of coral mucus (2018)

Abstract The surface mucus layer of reef-building corals supports several essential functions including feeding, sediment clearing, and protection from pathogenic invaders. For the reef ecosystem, coral mucus provides energy to support heterotrophic benthic communities. Mucus production represents a substantial metabolic investment on behalf of the coral: as much as half of the fixed carbon supplied by the corals’ algal symbionts is incorporated into expelled mucus. In this study, we examined if bleaching (disruption of the coral–algal symbiosis) has the potential to indirectly disturb reef ecosystem function by impacting the nutritional composition of coral mucus. In a controlled laboratory thermal stress challenge, visibly paled corals produced mucus with higher protein and lipid content and increased antibacterial activity relative to healthy corals. These results are likely explained by the expelled symbionts in the mucus of bleached individuals. This study illuminates how the immediate effects of coral bleaching could impact the reef-ecosystem indirectly through modulation of available nutrients within the ecosystem.
28 GHz Downlink Multi-User MIMO Experimental Verification Using 360 Element Digital AAS for 5G Massive MIMO (2018)

This paper describes the indoor experimental verification testing results and discussion of a 28 GHz multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) using the 360 element full-digital massive MIMO active antenna system (AAS) for 5G base station applications. AAS accommodates 24 channels 28 GHz transceiver chains and FPGA based on 1-bit direct-IF digital transmitters. The antenna array consists of full digitally controlled 24 streams of 15 elements inline sub-arrays. The simultaneous four beams are generated and the average Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) is 59.4 dBm. The throughputs are measured by maximum-ratio-combining (MRC) method and zero-forcing (ZF) method by steering control. The achieved user-equipment (UE) throughputs are 0.996 Gbps with single beam, 0.655 Gbps to 0.857 Gbps with four users by MRC, and 0.673 Gbps to 0.873 Gbps by ZF. The four user cell throughputs are 2.884 Gbps and 3.134 Gbps by MRC and ZF respectively. The achieved spectrum efficiency is 10.4 bps/Hz/cell using 300 MHz OFDM signal. As par author's knowledge, this is a first report for experimental verification of multi-user MIMO using 28 GHz digital AAS.
HIV's evasion of the cellular immune response (1999)

Despite a strong cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response directed against viral antigens, untreated individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) develop AIDS. We have found that primary T cells infected with HIV-1 downregulate surface MHC class I antigens and are resistant to lysis by HLA-A2-restricted CTL clones. In contrast, cells infected with an HIV-1 in which the nef gene is disrupted are sensitive to CTLs in an MHC and peptide-specific manner. In primary T cells HLA-A2 antigens are downmodulated more dramatically than total MHC class I antigens, suggesting that nef selectively downmodulates certain MHC class I antigens. In support of this, studies on cells expressing individual MHC class I alleles have revealed that nef does not downmodulate HLA-C and HLA-E antigens. This selective downmodulation allows infected cells to maintain resistance to certain natural killer cells that lyse infected cells expressing low levels of MHC class I antigens. Downmodulation of MHC class I HLA-A2 antigens occurs not only in primary T cells, but also in B and astrocytoma cell lines. No effect of other HIV-1 accessory proteins such as vpu and vpr was observed. Thus Nef is a protein that may promote escape of HIV-1 from immune surveillance.
Grafting of polymers onto graphene oxide by cationic and anionic polymerization initiated by the surface-initiating groups (2014)

The grafting of polymers onto graphene oxide (GO) was achieved by two process: (1) cationic polymerization initiated by carboxyl (COOH) groups on GO and (2) anionic alternating copolymerization of epoxides with cyclic acid anhydrides initiated by potassium carboxylate (COOK) groups on GO. The cationic polymerizations of isobutyl vinyl ether and N-vinylcarbazole were successfully initiated by COOH groups on GO to give the corresponding polymer-grafted GO. The cationic polymerization was considered to be initiated by proton addition from COOH groups to monomer and propagation of polymer cation proceeds with carboxylate anion as a counter ion. It was found that the corresponding polymer was successfully grafted onto GO based on the termination reaction of growing polymer cation and surface counter carboxylate anion. On the other hand, the anionic ring-opening alternating copolymerization of epoxide and cyclic acid anhydrides were also initiated by COOK groups on GO, which were previously introduced onto GO by the neutralization of COOH groups with KOH. During the anionic ring-opening copolymerization of styrene oxide (SO) with phthalic anhydride (PAn) and maleic anhydride (MAn), the corresponding polyesters, poly(SO-alt-PAn) and poly(SO-alt-MAn), were successfully grafted onto GO, based on the propagation of the polyesters from COOK groups. The grafting of polymers onto GO during the above cationic and anionic polymerizations was confirmed by thermal decomposition gas chromatogram/mass spectrum. The untreated GO in THF was immediately precipitated within 15 min. On the contrary, these polymer-grafted GOs gave stable dispersions in THF and no precipitation of polymer-grafted GOs was observed even after one week.
Reactive latices : different approaches towards crosslinkable waterborne coatings (1997)

The photochem. crosslinking of model polymers for UV-curable latexes was investigated. The polymers were 5-aminopentyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer and 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate-5-aminopentyl methacrylate copolymer
Add-Drop Multiplexer for SDM and Sensing Applications (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SDM using multicore fibers has the potential to increase the bandwidth density of optical links as well as to improve performance of sensing systems including 3D shape sensing and fiber optic gyroscopes. These applications are advanced by the low insertion and return loss, wide bandwidth, passive add-drop multiplexer demonstrated here.&lt;/p&gt;
Propagation delays determine neuronal activity and synaptic connectivity patterns emerging in plastic neuronal networks (2018)

In plastic neuronal networks, the synaptic strengths are adapted to the neuronal activity. Specifically, spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a fundamental mechanism that modifies the synaptic strengths based on the relative timing of pre- and postsynaptic spikes, taking into account the spikes' temporal order. In many studies, propagation delays were neglected to avoid additional dynamic complexity or computational costs. So far, networks equipped with a classic STDP rule typically rule out bidirectional couplings (i.e., either loops or uncoupled states) and are, hence, not able to reproduce fundamental experimental findings. In this review paper, we consider additional features, e.g., extensions of the classic STDP rule or additional aspects like noise, in order to overcome the contradictions between theory and experiment. In addition, we review in detail recent studies showing that a classic STDP rule combined with realistic propagation patterns is able to capture relevant experimental findings. In two coupled oscillatory neurons with propagation delays, bidirectional synapses can be preserved and potentiated. This result also holds for large networks of type-II phase oscillators. In addition, not only the mean of the initial distribution of synaptic weights, but also its standard deviation crucially determines the emergent structural connectivity, i.e., the mean final synaptic weight, the number of two-neuron loops, and the symmetry of the final connectivity pattern. The latter is affected by the firing rates, where more symmetric synaptic configurations emerge at higher firing rates. Finally, we discuss these findings in the context of the computational neuroscience-based development of desynchronizing brain stimulation techniques.
Comparison of MR/Ultrasound Fusion–Guided Biopsy With Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00102544.
Amsacrine as a Topoisomerase II Poison: Importance of Drug–DNA Interactions (2012)

Amsacrine (m-AMSA) is an anticancer agent that displays activity against refractory acute leukemias as well as Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The drug is comprised of an intercalative acridine moiety coupled to a 4'-amino-methanesulfon-m-anisidide headgroup. m-AMSA is historically significant in that it was the first drug demonstrated to function as a topoisomerase II poison. Although m-AMSA was designed as a DNA binding agent, the ability to intercalate does not appear to be the sole determinant of drug activity. Therefore, to more fully analyze structure-function relationships and the role of DNA binding in the action of m-AMSA, we analyzed a series of derivatives for the ability to enhance DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIα and topoisomerase IIβ and to intercalate DNA. Results indicate that the 3'-methoxy (m-AMSA) positively affects drug function, potentially by restricting the rotation of the headgroup in a favorable orientation. Shifting the methoxy to the 2'-position (o-AMSA), which abrogates drug function, appears to increase the degree of rotational freedom of the headgroup and may impair interactions of the 1'-substituent or other portions of the headgroup within the ternary complex. Finally, the nonintercalative m-AMSA headgroup enhanced enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage when it was detached from the acridine moiety, albeit with 100-fold lower affinity. Taken together, our results suggest that much of the activity and specificity of m-AMSA as a topoisomerase II poison is embodied in the headgroup, while DNA intercalation is used primarily to increase the affinity of m-AMSA for the topoisomerase II-DNA cleavage complex.
Selective ring opening of 4H-1,3,2-benzodioxasiline twin monomers (2011)

4H-1,3,2-Benzodioxasilines represent a class of monomers, which are suitable for the recently developed concept of twin polymerization. Relating to the prediction of quantum chemical calculations we are now able to confirm the results for the first step of the reaction: the selective ring opening of 4H-1,3,2-benzodioxasilines. An electrophilic attack of iodotrimethylsilane leads firstly to a bond cleavage at the oxymethylene group and not at the more stable Si–O–aryl bond, yielding ring-opened species.
Engineering Functionalized 2D Metal‐Organic Frameworks Nanosheets with Fast Li+ Conduction for Advanced Solid Li Batteries (2023)

Solid-state batteries can ensure high energy density and safety in lithium metal batteries, while polymer electrolytes are plagued by slow ion kinetics and low selective transport of Li<sup>+</sup> . Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are proposed as emerging fillers for solid-state poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) electrolytes, however, developing functionalized MOFs and understanding their roles on ion transfer has proven challenging. Herein, combining computational and experimental results, the functional group regulation in MOFs can effectively change surficial charge distribution and limit anion movement is revealed, providing a potential solution to these issues. Specifically, functionalized 2D MOF sheets are designed through molecular engineering to construct high-performance composite electrolytes, where the electron-donating effect of substituents in 2D-MOFs effectively limits the movement of ClO<sub>4</sub> <sup>-</sup> and promotes mechanical properties and ion migration numbers (0.36 up to 0.64) of PEO. As a result, Li/Li cells with composite electrolyte exhibit superior cyclability for 1000 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> . Meanwhile, the solid LiFePO<sub>4</sub> /Li battery delivers highly reversible capacities of 148.8 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after 200 cycles. These findings highlight a new approach for anion confinement through the use of functional group electronic effects, leading to enhanced ionic conductivity, and a feasible direction for high-performance solid-state batteries.
Pharmacological reactivation of MYC-dependent apoptosis induces susceptibility to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (2019)

Abstract Elevated MYC expression sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis but the therapeutic potential of this mechanism remains unclear. We find, in a model of MYC-driven breast cancer, that pharmacological activation of AMPK strongly synergizes with BCL-2/BCL-X L inhibitors to activate apoptosis. We demonstrate the translational potential of an AMPK and BCL-2/BCL-X L co-targeting strategy in ex vivo and in vivo models of MYC-high breast cancer. Metformin combined with navitoclax or venetoclax efficiently inhibited tumor growth, conferred survival benefits and induced tumor infiltration by immune cells. However, withdrawal of the drugs allowed tumor re-growth with presentation of PD-1+/CD8+ T cell infiltrates, suggesting immune escape. A two-step treatment regimen, beginning with neoadjuvant metformin+venetoclax to induce apoptosis and followed by adjuvant metformin+venetoclax+anti-PD-1 treatment to overcome immune escape, led to durable antitumor responses even after drug withdrawal. We demonstrate that pharmacological reactivation of MYC-dependent apoptosis is a powerful antitumor strategy involving both tumor cell depletion and immunosurveillance.
Pressure and temperature dependence of the first-order Raman mode of diamond (1990)

The fundamental Raman mode of diamond has been measured as a function of P and T up to 15 GPa and 400 °C. The calculated values of pressure coefficient (2.64 cm−1/GPa) and temperature coefficient (0.9×10−2 °C/GPa) of diamond show that this material can be used as a pressure sensor in a diamond anvil cell at high temperature. The Grüneisen coefficient (γ) is calculated and found to be equal to 0.9. From this value of γ, the atomic volume of diamond is obtained in the whole range of pressure and temperature.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF AN ANALOG VERSUS DIGITAL SPEEDOMETER ON DRIVER PERFORMANCE IN A TASK ENVIRONMENT SIMILAR TO DRIVING (1993)

THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF AN ANALOG VERSUS AN DIGITAL SPEEDOMETER ON DRIVER PERFORMANCE. YOUNGER AND OLDER DRIVERS WERE ASKED TO CONTROL THE SPEED OF A VEHICLE ON A CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER WHILE DETECTING PEDESTRIANS MOVING OUT ONTO THE SIMULATED ROAD OF A FILMED, COMPUTER-GENERATED DRIVING SCENE. FOR THE SPEED CONTROL TASK, DRIVERS WERE ASKED EITHER TO MAINTAIN A PRECISE SPEED OR TO KEEP THEIR SPEED WITHIN A 5 MPH (8 KPH) RANGE. DRIVERS' SPEED CONTROL ACCURACY, ABILITY TO DETECT EVENTS ON THE ROADWAY, AND EYE MOVEMENT BEHAVIOUR WERE MEASURED. THE RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY INDICATED AN ADVANTAGE FOR THE ANALOG SPEEDOMETER, BUT FURTHER RESEARCH WILL BE REQUIRED IN ORDER TO CONCLUSIVELY RECOMMEND ONE SPEEDOMETER FORMAT OVER THE OTHER. (A) FOR THE COVERING ABSTRACT OF THE CONFERENCE SEE IRRD 858984.
Image Quality in FootageQuest, an Online Footage Archive (2002)

Image quality considerations played a major role in the design of FootageQuest, a portal for on- line sales and delivery of footage. Multiple suppliers with various source material required us to create a single standard so end users would receive consistent quality. Since many customers selected clips from various sources and wanted them all delivered together in one order, we needed to optimize to support these composite orders. We decided that it was easier to build these compilation tapes from a digital server than to use multiple tapes to build a single fulfillment tape to send to the customer. Our goal was to determine what bit rate, digitally compressed, would give the same results as tape. Extensive testing led us to this result: 50 megabits per second, using the PQA200 Picture Quality Analyzer from Tektronix, ga ve the best results.
The Unintubated Ureterotomy Endourologically Revisited (1996)

The result of unstented endoureterotomy in the porcine model suggests that, after endoureterotomy of secondary midureteral strictures, stenting may be unnecessary.
Enhancement of Silicon Epitaxy by Increased Phosphorus Concentration in a Low Energy Ion Bombardment Process (1997)

For a low-energy (<30 eV) ion bombardment process, the effect of phosphorus concentration on low-temperature (350–400°C) silicon epitaxial growth is reported. The conditions of ion energy and ion flux required for realizing low-temperature epitaxial growth were precisely investigated. We found that phosphorus doping significantly enhanced silicon epitaxial growth. It is difficult to realize high-quality film growth with lightly phosphorus-doped silicon. However, large-mass, large-radius ion (xenon) bombardment is quite effective for improving the quality of silicon film with lightly phosphorus-doped silicon.
PM Axial Flux Machine Design for Hybrid Traction (2009)

the best ways in order to reduce fuel consumption for vehicles. It consists of associating an electric motor next to the classical thermal machine. In this embedded system, the efficiency and the torque per unit mass are very important. So it seems to be a good idea to use a permanent magnet synchronous machine, which is recognized for satisfying these two objectives. Since the allocated volume is rather flat, axial flux topologies are interesting. This paper’s goal is to propose an optimal first design method for such structures, given the allocated volume and the machine requirements.
Method for Determining Average Iron Content of Ferritin by Measuring its Optical Dispersion (2019)

We report a method where the refractive index increments of an iron storage protein, ferritin, and apoferritin (ferritin minus iron) were measured over the wavelength range of 450-678 nm to determine the average iron content of the protein. The protein used in this study had ∼3375 iron atoms per molecule. The measurement of optical dispersion over the broad wavelength range was enabled by the use of mesoporous leaky waveguides (LWs) made of chitosan. We present a facile approach for fabricating mesoporous chitosan waveguides for improving the measurement sensitivity of macromolecules such as ferritin. Mesoporous materials allow macromolecules to diffuse into the waveguide, maximizing their interaction with the optical mode and thus increasing sensitivity by a factor of ∼9 in comparison to nonporous waveguides. The sensitivity was further improved and selectivity toward ferritin was achieved by the incorporation of antibodies in the waveguide. The method presented in this work is a significant advance over the state of the art method, the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used in clinics, because it allows determining the average content of ferritin in a single step. The average iron content of ferritin is an important marker for conditions such as injury, inflammation, and infection. Thus, the approach presented here of measuring optical dispersion to determine the average iron content of ferritin has a significant potential to improve the point of care analysis of the protein for disease diagnosis and screening.
Imputation methods for temporal radiographic texture analysis in the detection of periprosthetic osteolysis (2007)

Periprosthetic osteolysis is a disease triggered by the body's response to tiny wear fragments from total hip replacements (THR), which leads to localized bone loss and disappearance of the trabecular bone texture. We have been investigating methods of temporal radiographic texture analysis (tRTA) to help detect periprosthetic osteolysis. One method involves merging feature measurements at multiple time points using an LDA or BANN. The major drawback of this method is that several cases do not meet the inclusion criteria because of missing data, i.e., missing image data at the necessary time intervals. In this research, we investigated imputation methods to fill in missing data points using feature averaging, linear interpolation, and first and second order polynomial fitting. The database consisted of 101 THR cases with full data available from four follow-up intervals. For 200 iterations, missing data were randomly created to simulate a typical THR database, and the missing points were then filled in using the imputation methods. ROC analysis was used to assess the performance of tRTA in distinguishing between osteolysis and normal cases for the full database and each simulated database. The calculated values from the 200 iterations showed that the imputation methods produced negligible bias, and substantially decreased the variance of the AUC estimator, relative to excluding incomplete cases. The best performing imputation methods were those that heavily weighted the data points closest to the missing data. The results suggest that these imputation methods appear to be acceptable means to include cases with missing data for tRTA.