gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study of a novel molecular-pore-stacking (MPS), SiOCH film in fully-scale-down, 45nm-node Cu damascene interconnects (2005)

Molecular-pore-stacking (MPS), SiOCH films (k=2.4) are integrated in 45nm-node Cu interconnects with 140nm-pitched lines and 70nm-vias, and the feasibility is confirmed. The MPS film, which is deposited by plasma-polymerization of robust ring-type siloxane molecules, has the self-organized, porous structure with reinforcing the mechanical properties. The low permittivity is sustained in the 140nm-pitched lines by oxidation-damage-free etching, and the inter-line dielectric reliability is confirmed along with the BCB pore-seal technique, estimating 15.9% reduction in the 70nm-spaced, line capacitance refer to that of the 65nm-node SDIs. The MPS/Cu interconnect is one of the strong candidates for 45nm-node ULSI devices.
Congestive gastropathy and other upper endoscopic findings in 81 consecutive patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. (1990)

Pretransplant endoscopic findings in 81 consecutive patients with nonalcoholic liver disease were examined to determine the spectrum of abnormalities encountered, with particular attention to mucosal changes consistent with congestive gastropathy. Abnormalities were observed in 75 patients (93%). Twenty-three patients (28%) had findings suggestive of congestive gastropathy: petechiae, focal and diffuse intense erythema, with or without erosions, edematous mucosa with a fine white reticulated or mosaic pattern, and cherry red spots resembling vascular malformations. Congestive gastropathy was the second most common abnormality identified after esophageal varices (66 patients, 81%). Other abnormalities included gastric varices in 13 patients (16%), esophagitis in seven (9%), gastric ulcers in six (7%), duodenal ulcer in 11 (14%), postsclerotherapy esophageal ulceration in 10 (12%), and a postsclerotherapy symptomatic esophageal stricture in one. The prevalence of congestive gastropathy has provided a stimulus for our prospective evaluation of gastric mucosal disease before and after liver transplantation or portosystemic shunt.
Antibody responses induced by SHIV infection are more focused than those induced by soluble native HIV-1 envelope trimers in non-human primates (2021)

The development of an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) vaccine is a high global health priority. Soluble native-like HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers (Env), including those based on the SOSIP design, have shown promise as vaccine candidates by inducing neutralizing antibody responses against the autologous virus in animal models. However, to overcome HIV-1's extreme diversity a vaccine needs to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Such bNAbs can protect non-human primates (NHPs) and humans from infection. The prototypic BG505 SOSIP.664 immunogen is based on the BG505 env sequence isolated from an HIV-1-infected infant from Kenya who developed a bNAb response. Studying bNAb development during natural HIV-1 infection can inform vaccine design, however, it is unclear to what extent vaccine-induced antibody responses to Env are comparable to those induced by natural infection. Here, we compared Env antibody responses in BG505 SOSIP-immunized NHPs with those in BG505 SHIV-infected NHPs, by analyzing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We observed three major differences between BG505 SOSIP immunization and BG505 SHIV infection. First, SHIV infection resulted in more clonal expansion and less antibody diversity compared to SOSIP immunization, likely because of higher and/or prolonged antigenic stimulation and increased antigen diversity during infection. Second, while we retrieved comparatively fewer neutralizing mAbs (NAbs) from SOSIP-immunized animals, these NAbs targeted more diverse epitopes compared to NAbs from SHIV-infected animals. However, none of the NAbs, either elicited by vaccination or infection, showed any breadth. Finally, SOSIP immunization elicited antibodies against the base of the trimer, while infection did not, consistent with the base being placed onto the virus membrane in the latter setting. Together these data provide new insights into the antibody response against BG505 Env during infection and immunization and limitations that need to be overcome to induce better responses after vaccination.
Detailed comparison between mode couplings along multi-core fibers and structural irregularities using a synchronous multi-channel OTDR system with a high dynamic range (2013)

We have greatly increased the dynamic range of a synchronous multi-channel OTDR system for the mode coupling measurement of a multi-core fiber (MCF) by more than 20 dB by introducing an optical amplifier and an optical masking apparatus. We used the OTDR system to measure the mode coupling along 10 km-long MCFs with low crosstalks of less than -50 dB. Thus, we successfully measured the fiber structural irregularity dependence of mode coupling along the MCF.
Active learning approach for detection of hard exudates, cotton wool spots, and drusen in retinal images (2009)

Computer-aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems for the automatic identification of abnormalities in retinal images are gaining importance in diabetic retinopathy screening programs. A huge amount of retinal images are collected during these programs and they provide a starting point for the design of machine learning algorithms. However, manual annotations of retinal images are scarce and expensive to obtain. This paper proposes a dynamic CAD system based on active learning for the automatic identification of hard exudates, cotton wool spots and drusen in retinal images. An uncertainty sampling method is applied to select samples that need to be labeled by an expert from an unlabeled set of 4000 retinal images. It reduces the number of training samples needed to obtain an optimum accuracy by dynamically selecting the most informative samples. Results show that the proposed method increases the classification accuracy compared to alternative techniques, achieving an area under the ROC curve of 0.87, 0.82 and 0.78 for the detection of hard exudates, cotton wool spots and drusen, respectively.
Retinol-binding protein in serum and epidermis of patients with ichthyosis vulgaris (1979)

Summary Fifteen patients with ichthyosis vulgaris of the dominant type were studied by immunological techniques for the detection of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in serum and epidermis. The serum RBP levels were all within the normal range thus indicating a normal vitamin A status in the blood. The epidermal RBP pattern was abnormal as judged by an indirect immuno-fluorescence technique. It is suggested that the decreased binding of RBP to ichthyosis epidermis is secondary to a reduced number of granular cells and not due to a disturbed vitamin A uptake per se.
Periodic FDTD modeling of 3D photonic crystals (2010)

In this paper application of FDTD method supplemented with periodic boundary conditions to the analysis of three-dimensional photonic crystals is presented. For that purpose, a model of body-centered cubic dielectric lattice is introduced and investigated. Complex-looped FDTD algorithm is applied for the computation of a photonic bandgap diagram in the first irreducible Brillouin zone revealing dispersive properties of the lattice.
Overcoming Challenges for Drilling High-Dogleg-Severity Curves (2011)

Abstract Shale-gas plays and other unconventional resources have gained significant prominence in the USA and several other parts of the world. Maximizing well productivity and improving drilling efficiency remains a major challenge. Well placement in the sweet spot and extended laterals help maximize productivity. Drilling a high-dogleg-severity (DLS) curve maximizes the length of lateral in the productive zone. Wells in US shale-gas plays and other unconventional resources require a DLS of 10° to 14°/100 ft. Achieving high DLS with steerable motors presents numerous drilling challenges. Rotating a steerable motor with high adjustable kickoff (AKO) sub settings could result in fatigue failure. Alternate drilling in slide-rotate modes reduces drilling efficiency, increases tortuosity, and limits well placement in the productive zone. In the past, drilling high-DLS curves with rotary steerable systems (RSS) was a challenge. These challenges led to the development and ultimately the successful testing of a new high-dogleg RSS. Using the new system enabled drilling all sections, including high-DLS curves, tangents and laterals with one bottom hole assembly (BHA). Using closed-loop control and a short steering sleeve that decouples steering functionality from drilling dynamics, the system can drill high-DLS curves and extended reach laterals with precise well placement and improved borehole quality. The authors will discuss the design, and field test results in different environments such as shale-gas plays and tight sands. The new system significantly improves drilling performance with excellent directional control. Drilling high-DLS curves increases the length of laterals by several hundred feet, enabling additional recovery of hydrocarbons. The ability to drill all sections with one system and elimination of slide drilling significantly reduces drilling time and eliminates trips to make changes to the BHA. By minimizing wellbore tortuosity, the new system enables setting casing easily and quickly, leading to early production. Minimized tortuosity in the lateral also enables faster drilling out of completion plugs with coil tubing. The innovative system can be used in similar areas of the world to drill complex wells with high DLS and straight laterals with precision and efficiency.
Histology of Tissues Within Retrieved Human Titanium Mesh Cages (2003)

Mean viable bone area within 11 retrieved, human titanium mesh cages was approximately 31%. Seams of fibrocartilage within the cages may represent tissue differentiation in response to bending or compressive load.
Electron-paramagnetic-resonance studies on the spatial relationship of redox components in cytochrome oxidase (1985)

Conference Article| June 01 1985 Electron-paramagnetic-resonance studies on the spatial relationship of redox components in cytochrome oxidase TOMOKO OHNISHI; TOMOKO OHNISHI *Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. JAMES HARMON; H. JAMES HARMON †School of Biological Sciences, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ALAN J. WARING ALAN J. WARING *Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1985) 13 (3): 607–611. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130607 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation TOMOKO OHNISHI, H. JAMES HARMON, ALAN J. WARING; Electron-paramagnetic-resonance studies on the spatial relationship of redox components in cytochrome oxidase. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1985; 13 (3): 607–611. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130607 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: ETP, electron-transferring particles, ER, effective radius, DOTA, 1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetra-acetic acid This content is only available as a PDF. © 1985 Biochemical Society1985 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Toward photonic–electronic convergence based on heterogeneous platform of merging lithium niobate into silicon (2023)

The rapid development of fabrication techniques has boosted the resurgence of integrated photonics based on lithium niobate (LN). While thin-film LN is available and has been a promising photonic platform owing to its superior material properties, it is held back by its non-compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes and the lack of high-density scaling possibilities. Silicon (Si), despite its less favorable intrinsic properties, was the dominant platform for photonic devices with compact footprints, high density, low cost, and high volume. By embedding thin-film LN into the Si platform, heterogeneous Si/LN photonic devices can be integrated on the same chip, simultaneously leveraging the advantages of the two different materials. In parallel with the development of photonic devices, research in photonic–electronic integrated circuits (PEICs) has flourished. This review begins with the material properties of LN and fabrication approaches for heterogeneous integration. We then introduce various photonic devices involving different functionalities. After that, the advances in photonic–electronic convergence are presented. Taking inspiration from PEICs using Si, we envision the contribution of thin-film LN conjunct with Si in the future PEICs. Finally, some conclusions and challenges are discussed.
Protein kinase explorer (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "The Molecular Biology Toolkit (MBT): a modular platform for developing molecular visualization applications"BMC Bioinformatics 2005;6():21-21.Published online 6 Feb 2005PMCID:PMC548701.Copyright © 2005 Moreland et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. An alternative view of a cAMP dependant protein kinase with residues from the multiple structure alignment mapped to the corresponding aligned sequences and to a single template structure from the set.
Dichloroketene (2006)

[4591-28-0] C2Cl2O (MW 110.93) InChI = 1S/C2Cl2O/c3-2(4)1-5 InChIKey = TVWWMKZMZALOFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dichloroacetylating agent;2 undergoes cyclizations with numerous substrates3) Solubility: sol ether, pentane, hexane. Form Supplied in: not commercially available. Preparative Methods: typically prepared in situ by dehalogenation of trichloroacetyl halides or dehydrohalogenation of dichloroacetyl halides. Elimination of dichloroacetyl chloride with Triethylamine affords the desired ketene,4 although material formed in this manner is of limited reactivity.5 Reduction of Trichloroacetyl Chloride with Zinc/Copper Couple activated with either Phosphorus Oxychloride6 or 1,1‐Dimethoxyethane7 provides fully reactive dichloroketene. Recently, thermal activation of Zinc dust was used to generate dichloroketene.8 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: given the propensity of dichloroketene to dimerize or polymerize, the reagent must be made and used immediately. Polymeric material is obtained on heating or concentration of solutions of dichloroketene, and anhydrous conditions must be maintained.
Use of Ethylene Carbonate Free Ester Solvent Systems with Alternative Lithium Salts for Improved Low-Temperature Performance in NCM622∣∣ Graphite Li-ion Batteries (2022)

An investigation of alternative lithium salts, lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), in novel ester-based (methyl acetate/fluoroethylene carbonate- MA/FEC or methyl propionate/fluoroethylene carbonate- MP/FEC) electrolyte formulations has been conducted in LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622)/graphite cells to improve low temperature cycling performance of lithium ion batteries at −20 °C. Improved low temperature performance was observed with all the lithium salts in MA/FEC electrolyte while comparable room temperature (25 °C) capacities were observed with LiPF 6 salt only. Detailed ex-situ analysis of surface films generated with LiBF 4 , LiDFOB and LiPF 6 in ester-based electrolytes reveals that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is predominately composed of lithium salt decompaction products and addition of 10% FEC (by volume%) may not be sufficient at forming a protective SEI.
Genetic interactions contribute less than additive effects to quantitative trait variation in yeast (2015)

Genetic mapping studies of quantitative traits typically focus on detecting loci that contribute additively to trait variation. Genetic interactions are often proposed as a contributing factor to trait variation, but the relative contribution of interactions to trait variation is a subject of debate. Here we use a very large cross between two yeast strains to accurately estimate the fraction of phenotypic variance due to pairwise QTL-QTL interactions for 20 quantitative traits. We find that this fraction is 9% on average, substantially less than the contribution of additive QTL (43%). Statistically significant QTL-QTL pairs typically have small individual effect sizes, but collectively explain 40% of the pairwise interaction variance. We show that pairwise interaction variance is largely explained by pairs of loci at least one of which has a significant additive effect. These results refine our understanding of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and help guide future mapping studies.
Crystal structure reveals conservation of amyloid-β conformation recognized by 3D6 following humanization to bapineuzumab (2014)

The conformation of amyloid-β antigen recognized by 3D6 is novel and distinct from other antibodies recognizing N-terminal epitopes. Our result provides the first report demonstrating structural conservation of antigen contact residues, and conformation of antigen recognized, between the parent murine antibody and its humanized version.
Component-wise testing of laser-written integrated coupled-mode beam splitters (2019)

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are important enabling technologies for the developments of areas such as quantum information processing (QIP). Coupled-mode integrated beam splitters (IBS) are widely used in many PICs, so direct and accurate testing of individual IBSs inside a PIC is increasingly desirable, as the development of PICs for QIP is scaled up. Here we demonstrate a solution for component-wise testing of coupled-mode IBSs without limitations on component location and PIC architectures. The method is based on the imaging of an individual IBS with a custom-built multifunctional adaptive optical microscope, combined with the calculation of its beam-splitting ratio through numerical modelling.
Online Application Guidance for Heterogeneous Memory Systems (2021)

Many high end and next generation computing systems to incorporated alternative memory technologies to meet performance goals. Since these technologies present distinct advantages and tradeoffs compared to conventional DDR* SDRAM, such as higher bandwidth with lower capacity or vice versa, they are typically packaged alongside conventional SDRAM in a heterogeneous memory architecture. To utilize the different types of memory efficiently, new data management strategies are needed to match application usage to the best available memory technology. However, current proposals for managing heterogeneous memories are limited because they either: 1) do not consider high-level application behavior when assigning data to different types of memory, or 2) require separate program execution (with a representative input) to collect information about how the application uses memory resources. This work presents a toolset for addressing the limitations of existing approaches for managing complex memories. It extends the application runtime layer with automated monitoring and management routines that assign application data to the best tier of memory based on previous usage, without any need for source code modification or a separate profiling run. It evaluates this approach on a state-of-the-art server platform with both conventional DDR4 SDRAM and non-volatile Intel Optane DC memory, using both memory-intensive high performance computing (HPC) applications as well as standard benchmarks. Overall, the results show that this approach improves program performance significantly compared to a standard unguided approach across a variety of workloads and system configurations. Additionally, we show that this approach achieves similar performance as a comparable offline profiling-based approach after a short startup period, without requiring separate program execution or offline analysis steps.
Sensitive detection of human drug-induced liver injury by measurement of microRNA-122 using single molecule arrays (2018)

Abstract Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major challenge in clinical medicine and drug development. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for hepatocyte injury that has received formal regulatory support. A major roadblock to its widespread adoption is a lack of a fit-for-purpose, scalable assay that can provide quantification of circulating miR-122 with appropriate accuracy and time-to-result. We have developed a PCR-free, sensitive and highly specific assay for measuring miR-122. The assay is based on the hybridization of miR-122 to a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe attached to superparamagnetic beads, followed by the specific incorporation of a biotinylated nucleobase. The biotin labels are then labeled with an enzyme, and single enzymes are detected using single molecule arrays (Simoa). The miR-122 single molecule assay had a limit of detection (LOD) of 500 fM, approximately 500 times more sensitive than a corresponding analog bead-based assay. The specificity of the assay to a single base mismatch in the microRNA sequence was &amp;gt;107-fold ((highest concentration of mismatched target with signal below LOD)/(LOD)). As measured by our single molecule assay, all patients with DILI had higher concentrations of miR-122 in their serum compared to healthy controls, and the concentrations of miR-122 measured correlated closely with those determined using the gold standard PCR (r2 = 0.93; slope = 0.64). This novel single molecule assay enabled the accurate measurement of miR-122 in the serum of patients with DILI. This assay could have utility in clinical practice as it has the potential to deliver the user-independent sensitivity and time-to-result that are needed to inform pre-clinical and clinical decision making.
Auger-free luminescence characteristics of Rb<sub>1−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Cs<i><sub>x</sub></i>CaCl<sub>3</sub> (2018)

Fast scintillation materials based on ternary halide mixed crystals, Rb1−xCsxCaCl3 were synthesized. Broad luminescence bands were observed around 360 nm and can be ascribed to Auger-free Luminescence (AFL) for vacuum ultraviolet core-level excitation. Several luminescence bands for interband excitation were also observed. For X-ray excitation, the band that is ascribed to AFL could be clearly detected. The scintillation decay components due to the AFL had decay time constant of 0.8 ns for RbCaCl3 and 2.0 ns for Rb1−xCsxCaCl3 (x ≠ 0). CsCaCl3 had the largest light yield of the AFL component, exceeding 1200 photons/MeV, which was slightly lower than that of BaF2. The light yield of the AFL component increased linearly with Cs content.
TOPOLOGIE DES ($M - 2$)-COURBES RÉELLES SYMÉTRIQUES (2003)

Let X be a non-singular real algebraic curve in CP2 of even degree. In this paper a refinement is proved of a theorem of Kharlamov about (M − 2)-curves that are invariants under the projective involution. In particular, if the (M − 2)-symmetric curve X satisfies the Arnold congruence, then either X or its twin is a separating curve. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 14P25.