gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Aliphatic Amines with p-Benzoquinone and Its Chloro Derivatives (1971)

Abstract The reactions of various aliphatic amines with p-benzoquinone and its chloro-derivatives were studied by detecting reaction intermediates by means of the rapid scan spectrophotometric method. A detailed kinetic study on the reaction intermediate and the final product was made for the system including n-butylamine and chloranil in ethanol; the result shows that the system produces 2,5-di-n-butylamino-3,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone via the chloranil anion and the n-butylamine cation with the rate constant of 9.8×102 sec−1mol−1l at 275.2°K. On the basis of reaction mechanisms, the reactions of various aliphatic amines with p-benzoquinone and its chloroderivatives were classified into five types. Stabilization energies due to the amino-substitution of p-benzoquinone were calculated by the composite molecule method; the result shows that the 2,5-derivative is most stable among the disubstituted p-benzoquinones.
Stimulation of κ Light-Chain Gene Rearrangement by the Immunoglobulin μ Heavy Chain in a Pre-B-Cell Line (1993)

B-lymphocyte development exhibits a characteristic order of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. Previous work has led to the hypothesis that expression of the immunoglobulin mu heavy chain induces rearrangement activity at the kappa light-chain locus. To examine this issue in more detail, we isolated five matched pairs of mu- and endogenously rearranged mu+ cell lines from the Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed pro-B-cell line K.40. In four of the five mu+ cell lines, substantial expression of mu protein on the cell surface was observed, and this correlated with an enhanced frequency of kappa immunoglobulin gene rearrangement compared with that in the matched mu- cell lines. This increased kappa gene rearrangement frequency was not due to a general increase in the amount of V(D)J recombinase activity in the mu+ cells. Consistently, introduction of a functionally rearranged mu gene into one of the mu- pre-B-cell lines resulted in a fivefold increase in kappa gene rearrangements. In three of the four clonally matched pairs with increased kappa gene rearrangements, the increase in rearrangement frequency was not accompanied by a significant increase in germ line transcripts from the C kappa locus. However, in the fourth pair, K.40D, we observed an increase in germ line transcription of the kappa locus after expression of mu protein encoded by either an endogenously rearranged or a transfected functional heavy-chain allele. In these cells, the amount of the germ line C kappa transcript correlated with the measured frequency of rearranged kappa genes. These results support a regulated model of B-cell development in which mu protein expression in some way targets the V(D)J recombinase to the kappa gene locus.
Non‐linear interaction between α1‐noradrenergic and P2 receptor signaling cascades in XII motoneurons (MNs) (2007)

P2 and α1‐noradrenrgic (α1) receptors (Rs) potentiate XII MN inspiratory output. As ATP and norepineprhine (NE) can be coreleased, we explored in neonatal rat the interaction between these cascades using whole‐cell and nerve recording from rhythmic and nonrhythmic medullary slices. Phenylephrine (PE, α1R agonist) and ATP were applied, alone and together to the XII nucleus. PE induced slow inward currents that reversed near E K+ , and increased input resistance (R N ). ATP induced rapid, PPADS/suramin sensitive, inward currents that reversed near 0 mV and decreased R N . When ATP was applied first, PE currents were 46% of control (n=31/32). In 36/68 XII MNs, prior PE reversibly potentiated ATP currents up to 400%. The PE potentiation was not dependent on intracellular Ca 2+ , but was reversibly blocked by the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine. Candidate P2Rs are X 2 , identified by immunolabeling. Laser capture microdissection (Arcturus) of XII MNs and real‐time PCR suggest that P2X 3,4,6,7 Rs may also contribute. Relevance of these interactions for airway control is supported by the fact that when ATP precedes PE, the net increase in XII burst amplitude is less that the sum of the individual responses; when PE precedes ATP, the increase in XII output is greater than the sum of individual effects. This mechanism may increase the dynamic range over which a transmitter can modulate excitability. Funded by HRC, AHFMR, CIHR, CFI, MFN
Anomalous Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers Reveals Underlying Mechanisms of Trapping and Percolation (2016)

While transport in conjugated polymers has many similarities to that in crystalline inorganic materials, several key differences reveal the unique relationship between the morphology of polymer films and the charge mobility. We develop a model that directly incorporates the molecular properties of the polymer film and correctly predicts these unique transport features. At low degree of polymerization, the increase of the mobility with the polymer chain length reveals trapping at chain ends, and saturation of the mobility at high degree of polymerization results from conformational traps within the chains. Similarly, the inverse field dependence of the mobility reveals that transport on single polymer chains is characterized by the ability of the charge to navigate around kinks and loops in the chain. These insights emphasize the connection between the polymer conformations and the transport and thereby offer a route to designing improved device morphologies through molecular design and materials processing.
Abstract 19680: Prognostic Utility of Growth Hormone for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a United States National Cohort of Black and White Adults (2016)

Introduction: Elevated growth hormone (GH) levels are associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Despite gender differences in GH levels, the impact of gende...
New Anthracycline Antibiotics 10-epi-Oxaunomycin and 10-epi-11-Deoxyoxaunomycin. (1995)

Two new anthracycline antibiotics, 10-epi-oxaunomycin and 10-epi-11-deoxyoxaunomycin, were photochemically obtained from anthracycline metabolites D788-1 (10-carboxy-13-deoxocarminomy-cin) and D788-3 (10-carboxy-11-deoxy-13-deoxocarminomycin) and were examined for their growth inhibitory activities on cultured L1210 leukemic cells. Effects of the S configuration of C-10 and a hydroxyl group at C-11 on the bioactivity are discussed in comparison with oxaunomycin and 11-deoxyoxaunomycin.
The membrane perspective of uraemic toxins: which ones should, or can, be removed? (2021)

Informed decision-making is paramount to the improvement of dialysis therapies and patient outcomes. A cornerstone of delivery of optimal dialysis therapy is to delineate which substances (uraemic retention solutes or 'uraemic toxins') contribute to the condition of uraemia in terms of deleterious biochemical effects they may exert. Thereafter, decisions can be made as to which of the accumulated compounds need to be targeted for removal and by which strategies. For haemodialysis (HD), the non-selectivity of membranes is sometimes considered a limitation. Yet, considering that dozens of substances with potential toxicity need to be eliminated, and targeting removal of individual toxins explicitly is not recommended, current dialysis membranes enable elimination of several molecules of a broad size range within a single therapy session. However, because HD solute removal is based on size-exclusion principles, i.e. the size of the substances to be removed relative to the mean size of the 'pores' of the membrane, only a limited degree of selectivity of removal is possible. Removal of unwanted substances during HD needs to be weighed against the unavoidable loss of substances that are recognized to be necessary for bodily functions and physiology. In striving to improve the efficiency of HD by increasing the porosity of membranes, there is a greater potential for the loss of substances that are of benefit. Based on this elementary trade-off and availability of recent guidance on the relative toxicity of substances retained in uraemia, we propose a new evidence-linked uraemic toxin elimination (ELUTE) approach whereby only those clusters of substances for which there is a sufficient body of evidence linking them to deleterious biological effects need to be targeted for removal. Our approach involves correlating the physical properties of retention solutes (deemed to express toxicity) with key determinants of membranes and separation processes. Our analysis revealed that in attempting to remove the relatively small number of 'larger' substances graded as having only moderate toxicity, uncontrolled (and efficient) removal of several useful compounds would take place simultaneously and may compromise the well-being or outcomes of patients. The bulk of the uraemic toxin load comprises uraemic toxins below <30 000 Da and are adequately removed by standard membranes. Further, removal of a few difficult-to-remove-by-dialysis (protein-bound) compounds that express toxicity cannot be achieved by manipulation of pore size alone. The trade-off between the benefits of effective removal of the bulk of the uraemic toxin load and risks (increased loss of useful substances) associated with targeting the removal of a few larger substances in 'high-efficiency' HD treatment strategies needs to be recognized and better understood. The removability during HD of substances, be they toxic, inert or beneficial, needs be revised to establish the pros and cons of current dialytic elimination strategies. .
Fine Force Sensorless Force Control Based on Friction-Free Disturbance Observer (2018)

This paper proposes force sensorless force control by using a notch-type friction free disturbance observer. The force control is structured by using acceleration and speed controllers. The reaction force estimation system reduces the effect of the static friction using a dither signal. A conventional friction free disturbance observer becomes unstable when a low-frequency dither signal is applied. In order to solve this problem, a notch-type friction free disturbance observer is employed, which allows the use of low-frequency dither signals. This paper explains the difference between the conventional design method and the proposed design method. The validity of the proposed notch-type friction free disturbance observer is verified through the experimental results by using an actual industrial robot.
New extrapolation of overlap distribution in spin glasses (2001)

We study in d=3 dimensions the short range Ising spin glass with Jij=+/-1 couplings at T=0. We show that the overlap distribution is non-trivial in the limit of large system size.
Abstract PS11-37: Veru-111 as an orally available tubulin inhibitor suppressing both taxane-sensitive and taxane-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (2021)

Abstract In the United States, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. About 15% of all breast cancer cases are classified as a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, which is defined by the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2. TNBC is highly aggressive, characterized by a poorer prognosis, a quicker relapse after chemotherapy and a higher rate of visceral metastasis. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is still a primary treatment regimen for patients with TNBC due to the lack of targets. FDA-approved drugs, such as paclitaxel, are effective in treating neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic TNBC, but intrinsic or acquired resistance to taxanes is commonly observed. VERU-111 is a novel, potent and orally bioavailable tubulin inhibitor that targets the colchicine-binding site with potent cytotoxicity, have improved aqueous solubility and overcome multidrug resistance, including P-gp overexpression. We evaluated the efficacy of VERU-111 in treating TNBC. VERU-111 showed significant cytotoxicity to TNBC cells in vitro. In addition, orally administered VERU-111 suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts in a dose-dependent manner with efficacies similar to paclitaxel, but without acute toxicity. VERU-111 significantly reduced metastases originating from the mammary fat pad and visceral metastasis in a separate experimental metastasis model. To better understand the effect of VERU-111 on taxane-resistant TNBC, we developed taxane-resistant TNBC cell sublines, namely MDA-MB-231/TxR, MDA-MB-468/TxR, SUM159/TxR, with acquired resistance by exposing paclitaxel continually. MTS assay confirmed that VERU-111 maintained the potency against all taxane-resistant sublines. We also found that VERU-111 arrested both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/TxR cells at the G2-M checkpoint in a concentration-dependent manner and induced ultimate cell death. In addition, relative to paclitaxel, orally administered VERU-111 effectively inhibited the tumor growth in two aggressive taxane-resistant TNBC xenograft models, including a taxane-resistant PDX model. VERU-111, but not paclitaxel, significantly repressed the growth of preestablished axillary lymph node metastases and endpoint metastasis in mice bearing HCI-10-Luc2 xenografts, suggesting VERU-111 is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of taxane-resistant TNBC. Taken together, our data demonstrate that VERU-111 is a new generation of oral tubulin inhibitor that potently inhibits the growth of taxane-sensitive and taxane-resistant TNBC. Citation Format: Wei Li, Shanshan Deng, Raya Krutilina, Duane Miller, Tiffany Seagroves. Veru-111 as an orally available tubulin inhibitor suppressing both taxane-sensitive and taxane-resistant triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS11-37.
Ram Air Heat Exchangers for Very High-Altitude Subsonic Aircraft (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For global environmental research it is essential to provide scientists with a tool to perform in-situ studies of our stratosphere; such a tool is a high-altitude subsonic aircraft capable of climbing into the layers of ozone at 25 kilometres and higher.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the design and development of ram air heat exchangers for the Perseus high-altitude unmanned scientific research aircraft, designed to carry a 50 kg payload to 25 km. The powerplant of the Perseus aircraft consists of a closed-cycle internal combustion engine, where the exhaust gas is cooled and fed back into the engine as the diluent. Thus, manifold pressure can be kept at a desired level, independent of atmospheric conditions. The aircraft carries its fuel and liquid oxygen as reactants.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Cooling systems are required for the thermal balance of this powerplant. The recirculated exhaust gas requires a cooler for temperatures up to 1100 Kelvin. Also needed are heat exchangers for the glycol-water mix used for the cylinder head cooling and for the lubrication oil of the engine. Computational models have been developed and used to optimise the heat exchangers and to predict heat transfer, aerodynamic performance and weights. General results are shown for the design of optimum aircraft ram air coolers as a function of atmospheric conditions and flight Mach number. Examples of optimum duct designs are discussed and presented.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;figure id="F1" class="figure"&gt;&lt;div class="graphic-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img class="article-figure figure" src="931145_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Interreader Variability in Semantic Annotation of Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Contrast-enhanced Triphasic CT Images (2020)

Interreader variability in semantic feature annotation remains a challenge and affects the reproducibility of predictive models for preoperative detection of MVI in HCC.<i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i>© RSNA, 2020.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid using nanocellulose (2020)

Abstract We report here a systematic investigation of the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) processed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing vs PLA processed by compression molding. Our results show that the tensile strength and modulus of FFF‐PLA is 49% and 41% lower, respectively, than compression molded samples of PLA. We also demonstrate here an approach to augment the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA using nanocellulose. Incorporation of a small quantity (1 wt%) of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) was found to enhance the tensile strength and modulus of 3D printed PLA by 84% and 63%, respectively. X‐ray microtomography was used to probe the morphology of 3D printed PLA and PLA/CNF composites. 3D printed PLA/CNF composites had significantly lesser voids as compared to neat 3D printed PLA. Differential scanning calorimetry study revealed that CNF can accelerate the nucleation and crystallization of 3D printed PLA leading to enhanced crystallinity. The thermal stability of 3D printed PLA/CNF composites was not compromised by the addition of CNF. The enhanced mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA/CNF composites can be ascribed to higher crystallinity and lesser defects.
Automating Analogue AI Chip Design with Genetic Search (2020)

Optimization of analogue neural circuit designs is one of the most challenging, complicated, time‐consuming, and expensive tasks. Design automation of analogue neuromemristive chips is made difficult by the need to design chips at low cost, ease of scaling, high‐energy efficiency, and small on‐chip area. The rapid progress in edge AI computing applications generates high demand for developing smart sensors. The integration of high‐density analogue computing AI chips as coprocessing units to sensors is gaining popularity. This article proposes a hardware–software codesign framework to speed up and automate the design of analogue neuromemristive chips. This work uses genetic algorithms with objective functions that take into account hardware nonidealities such as limited precision of devices, the device‐to‐device variability, and device failures. The optimized neural architectures and hyperparameters successfully map with the library of relevant neuromemristive analogue hardware blocks. The results demonstrate the advantage of proposed automation to speed up the analogue circuit design of large‐scale neuromemristive networks and reduce overall design costs for AI chips.
Cytokine analysis of human renal allograft aspiration biopsy cultures supernatants predicts acute rejection. (1998)

Cytokine analysis in fine-needle aspiration biopsy cultures supernatants is a very useful immunological screening method for kidney transplants. IL-2 synthesis on day 7 post-transplantation reliably predicted the risk of impending acute rejection during the first weeks. The cytokine pattern suggests that acute rejection is associated with Th1, stable patients with Th0/Th2, and chronic rejection with Th2 patterns.
Rejuvenated Stem/Progenitor Cells for Cartilage Repair Using the Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology (2021)

It is widely accepted that chondral defects in articular cartilage of adult joints are never repaired spontaneously, which is considered to be one of the major causes of age-related degenerative joint disorders, such as osteoarthritis. Since mobilization of subchondral bone (marrow) cells and addition of chondrocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells into full-thickness defects show some degrees of repair, the lack of self-repair activity in adult articular cartilage can be attributed to lack of reparative cells in adult joints. In contrast, during a fetal or embryonic stage, joint articular cartilage has a scar-less repair activity, suggesting that embryonic joints may contain cells responsible for such activity, which can be chondrocytes, chondroprogenitors, or other cell types such as skeletal stem cells. In this respect, the tendency of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to give rise to cells of embryonic characteristics will provide opportunity, especially for humans, to obtain cells carrying similar cartilage self-repair activity. Making use of PSC-derived cells for cartilage repair is still in a basic or preclinical research phase. This review will provide brief overviews on how human PSCs have been used for cartilage repair studies.
Modeling the free radical polymerization of acrylates (2005)

Abstract Acrylates have gained importance because of their ease of conversion to high‐molecular‐weight polymers and their broad industrial use. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a well‐known monomer for free radical polymerization, but its α‐methyl substituent restricts the chemical modification of the monomer and therefore the properties of the resulting polymer. The presence of a heteroatom in the methyl group is known to increase the polymerizability of MMA. Methyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate (MHMA), methyl α‐methoxymethylacrylate (MC 1 MA), methyl α‐acetoxymethylacrylate (MAcMA) show even better conversions to high‐molecular‐weight polymers than MMA. In contrast, the polymerization rate is known to decrease as the methyl group is replaced by ethyl in ethyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate (EHMA) and t ‐butyl in t ‐butyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate (TBHMA). In this study, quantum mechanical tools (B3LYP/6‐31G*) have been used in order to understand the mechanistic behavior of the free radical polymerization reactions of acrylates. The polymerization rates of MMA, MHMA, MC 1 MA, MAcMA, EHMA, TBHMA, MC 1 AN (α‐methoxymethyl acrylonitrile), and MC 1 AA (α‐methoxymethyl acrylic acid) have been evaluated and rationalized. Simple monomers such as allyl alcohol (AA) and allyl chloride (AC) have also been modeled for comparative purposes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
The 2020 Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines for the treatment of ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer (2021)

The fifth edition of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines for the treatment of ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer was published in 2020. The guidelines contain 6 chapters-namely, (1) overview of the guidelines; (2) epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer; (3) recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer; (4) borderline epithelial tumors of the ovary; (5) malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary; and (6) malignant sex cord-stromal tumors. Furthermore, the guidelines comprise 5 algorithms-namely, (1) initial treatment for ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer; (2) treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer; (3) initial treatment for borderline epithelial ovarian tumor; (4) treatment for malignant germ cell tumor; and (5) treatment for sex cord-stromal tumor. Major changes in the new edition include the following: (1) revision of the title to "guidelines for the treatment of ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer"; (2) involvement of patients and general (male/female) participants in addition to physicians, pharmacists, and nurses; (3) clinical questions (CQs) in the PICO format; (4) change in the expression of grades of recommendation and level of evidence in accordance with the GRADE system; (5) introduction of the idea of a body of evidence; (6) categorization of references according to research design; (7) performance of systematic reviews and meta-analysis for three CQs; and (8) voting for each CQ/recommendation and description of the consensus.
A Novel Rotating Disk Electrode Cell Design: The Inverted Rotating Disk Electrode (1992)

A new cell configuration for use with the rotating disk electrode (RDE), the inverted rotating disk electrode (IRDE), is outlined. The IRDE faces upwards in solution and rotates without electrolyte leakage, even in highly corrosive solutions. This facilitates gas evolution and free convection studies. Mass transfer characteristics obtained by limiting current measurements agree well with literature for the RDE.