gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonic boom in soft materials: The elastic Cerenkov effect (2004)

We report an experimental evidence of an elastic sonic boom in soft materials. Our approach is based on the ultrasonic remote generation, inside soft media, of a supersonic moving source radiating shear waves in a Mach cone. In analogy with the Cerenkov electromagnetic radiation emitted by a beam of charged particles moving at a speed greater than the speed of light, an intense shear wave is radiated in soft materials. Such Mach waves are sensitive to medium elasticity inhomogeneities and are of great interest for ultrasound-based medical imaging applications.
Myxoma virus lacking the host range determinant M062 stimulates cGAS-dependent type 1 interferon response and unique transcriptomic changes in human monocytes/macrophages (2022)

The evolutionarily successful poxviruses possess effective and diverse strategies to circumvent or overcome host defense mechanisms. Poxviruses encode many immunoregulatory proteins to evade host immunity to establish a productive infection and have unique means of inhibiting DNA sensing-dependent type 1 interferon (IFN-I) responses, a necessity given their dsDNA genome and exclusively cytoplasmic life cycle. We found that the key DNA sensing inhibition by poxvirus infection was dominant during the early stage of poxvirus infection before DNA replication. In an effort to identify the poxvirus gene products which subdue the antiviral proinflammatory responses (e.g., IFN-I response), we investigated the function of one early gene that is the known host range determinant from the highly conserved poxvirus host range C7L superfamily, myxoma virus (MYXV) M062. Host range factors are unique features of poxviruses that determine the species and cell type tropism. Almost all sequenced mammalian poxviruses retain at least one homologue of the poxvirus host range C7L superfamily. In MYXV, a rabbit-specific poxvirus, the dominant and broad-spectrum host range determinant of the C7L superfamily is the M062R gene. The M062R gene product is essential for MYXV infection in almost all cells tested from different mammalian species and specifically inhibits the function of host Sterile α Motif Domain-containing 9 (SAMD9), as M062R-null (ΔM062R) MYXV causes abortive infection in a SAMD9-dependent manner. In this study we investigated the immunostimulatory property of the ΔM062R. We found that the replication-defective ΔM062R activated host DNA sensing pathway during infection in a cGAS-dependent fashion and that knocking down SAMD9 expression attenuated proinflammatory responses. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses showed a unique feature of the host gene expression landscape that is different from the dsDNA alone-stimulated inflammatory state. This study establishes a link between the anti-neoplastic function of SAMD9 and the regulation of innate immune responses.
Science & Technology for Modular Systems (2005)

Abstract : This study looked at a comprehensive range of data and perspective on the importance of an S&T foundation for systems engineering processes needed to determine the value of modular designs for Navy acquisition programs. The time is right to harvest value from modularity through disciplined System Engineering. Implementing System of Systems Engineering and adopting modularity effectively can result in flexible and interoperable warfighting systems and the ability to cope with limited resources.
FY07 LDRD Final Report Precision, Split Beam, Chirped-Pulse, Seed Laser Technology (2009)

The goal of this LDRD ER was to develop a robust and reliable technology to seed high-energy laser systems with chirped pulses that can be amplified to kilo-Joule energies and recompressed to sub-picosecond pulse widths creating extremely high peak powers suitable for petawatt class physics experiments. This LDRD project focused on the development of optical fiber laser technologies compatible with the current long pulse National Ignition Facility (NIF) seed laser. New technologies developed under this project include, high stability mode-locked fiber lasers, fiber based techniques for reduction of compressed pulse pedestals and prepulses, new compact stretchers based on chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs), new techniques for manipulation of chirped pulses prior to amplification and new high-energy fiber amplifiers. This project was highly successful and met virtually all of its goals. The National Ignition Campaign has found the results of this work to be very helpful. The LDRD developed system is being employed in experiments to engineer the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) front end and the fully engineered version of the ARC Front End will employ much of the technology and techniques developed here.
Highly Uniform SiC Epitaxy for MESFET Fabrication (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Synthesis of gadolinium complexes for the detection of atherosclerotic plaques by magnetic resonance and optical imaging (2018)

International audience
New thermophilic prokaryotes with hydrolytic activities (2018)

Thermophilic microorganisms are capable of growing on polymeric substrates and have been intensively studied for their enzymes, thermostable hydrolases (glycosidases, proteinases, lipases), which have important applications in many fields of bioindustry: production of detergents, food processing, paper and textile industry, biofuel formation from organic wastes, etc.1. The advantages of thermostable enzymes application are in their higher stability not only against temperature, but also against high or low pH, presence of detergents, etc. High temperature increases solubility of substrates2, thus making them more available, and significantly decreases the contamination risks. Many highly stable hydrolases, produced by thermophilic bacteria and archaea have been discovered3–6; however, due to continuous industrial demand and our knowledge that natural environments are a significant reservoir of genetic and hence functional diversity7, new thermophilic organisms producing hydrolytic enzymes are still of high interest. Here we present our achievements in isolation of novel thermophilic bacteria and archaea with various hydrolytic activities.
A contemporary review on – polymer stereocomplexes and its biomedical application (2013)

Abstract Nanomedicine is the most emerging, multidisciplinary field of research that is gaining popularity in recent years. Nanomedicine encompasses medical applications of nanomaterials, nanoelectronic biosensors including future applications of molecular nanotechnology. Nanomedical approaches to drug delivery, wound healing and treatment of certain diseases center on developing nanoscale particles such as sterocomplexed polymers and hydrogels or similar molecules to improve drug bioavailability. These polymers are biodegradable, bioactive, biocompatible and their strong interactions with the drug help in sustained release of the drug for longer periods. The formulation of these drugs and sterocomplexed polymers to be used as controlled drug delivery system are discussed in this tutorial review. Polymer stereocomplexes have a great promise in sustained delivery of human growth hormone, insulin, Leuprolide, Bupivacaine, Dexamethanosone, Doxorubicin, Haloperidol and vaccines. Various novel ideas of drug delivery into eye, uterus (birth control), targeted cancer therapy and brain diseases (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases).
Substrate channeling: alpha-ketobutyrate inhibition of acetohydroxy acid synthase in Salmonella typhimurium (1980)

Excess alpha-ketobutyrate inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 by inhibiting the acetohydroxy acid synthase-catalyzed synthesis of alpha-acetolactate (a valine precursor). As a result, cells were starved for valine, and both ilvB (encoding acetohydroxy acid synthase I) and ilvGEDA (ilvG encodes acetohydroxy acid synthase II) were derepressed. The addition of valine reversed the effects of alpha-ketobutyrate.
Expression, Purification and Characterization of the Rat Luteal 20α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase1 (1997)

The enzyme, rat ovarian 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha HSD), plays a central role in luteolysis and parturition. It catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, leading to the formation of progestationally inactive steroid, 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3-one (20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone). Recently, we reported the cloning, sequencing, and deduced amino acid sequence of the rat luteal 20 alpha HSD. To further investigate whether phosphorylation and/or glycosylation affect the activity of 20 alpha HSD and to study its kinetic and biochemical properties, we established both bacterial and insect expression systems for obtaining large quantities of enzyme. The recombinant (rec) 20 alpha HSD expressed as glutathione-S-transferase-20 alpha HSD fusion protein was purified from bacterial lysates by affinity binding to glutathione-Sepharose beads followed by thrombin digestion, whereas the rec enzyme expressed in baculovirus-insect cell system was purified to apparent homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography, followed by dye affinity chromatographies. Both rec preparations of 20 alpha HSD demonstrated a single polypeptide chain of 37 kDa with similar K(m) values for 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and NADP, although the corresponding maximum velocity values were slightly lower for the rec 20 alpha HSD expressed in the insect cells. The rec 20 alpha-HSD showed preference for progesterone/20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone was only 30% as effective. The enzyme also used various substrates specific for aldo-keto reductases, although with much less efficiency. The rec enzyme preparations showed an absolute requirement for NADP(H). In vitro phosphorylation of rec bacterial enzyme with either protein kinase A or protein kinase C had no demonstrable effect on its activity. Finally, no differences in enzyme activity were noted between glycosylated (expressed in insect cells) and nonglycosylated (expressed in bacteria) forms of the enzyme. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that rat luteal 20 alpha HSD can be prepared in large amounts from either bacterial or insect expression systems in a catalytically active form. Indirect evidence also suggests that the catalytic activity of 20 alpha HSD may be independent of phosphorylation and glycosylation states of the enzyme protein, i.e. posttranslational modification of 20 alpha HSD may not be required for the maximal expression of enzyme activity.
Mapping of glycolytic enzyme-binding sites on human erythrocyte band 3 (2006)

Previous work has shown that GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), aldolase, PFK (phosphofructokinase), PK (pyruvate kinase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assemble into a GE (glycolytic enzyme) complex on the inner surface of the human erythrocyte membrane. In an effort to define the molecular architecture of this complex, we have undertaken to localize the binding sites of these enzymes more accurately. We report that: (i) a major aldolase-binding site on the erythrocyte membrane is located within N-terminal residues 1-23 of band 3 and that both consensus sequences D6DYED10 and E19EYED23 are necessary to form a single enzyme-binding site; (ii) GAPDH has two tandem binding sites on band 3, located in residues 1-11 and residues 12-23 respectively; (iii) a PFK-binding site resides between residues 12 and 23 of band 3; (iv) no GEs bind to the third consensus sequence (residues D902EYDE906) at the C-terminus of band 3; and (v) the LDH- and PK-binding sites on the erythrocyte membrane do not reside on band 3. Taken together, these results argue that band 3 provides a nucleation site for the GE complex on the human erythrocyte membrane and that other components near band 3 must also participate in organizing the enzyme complex.
General Introduction to the Field of Environmental Catalysis: Green Catalysis with Supported Gold and Gold Bimetallic Nanoparticles (2013)

A general introduction to environmental catalysis using supported gold and gold bimetallic alloy nanoparticles is presented. The general concepts of environmental catalysts are discussed and then two examples are described in more detail. The possibility of using sustainable feedstocks for the generation of chemicals is also considered. The modern chemical industry has been built up on processes that utilise key platform chemicals, e.g. ethene, propene, benzene and xylenes. These are readily derived from oil. Alternatively, natural gas can be steam reformed to give synthesis gas which provides an additional route to alcohols and hydrocarbons. While it is feasible that biomass can be converted to syngas and hence to existing key platform chemicals, this loses all of the chemical complexity that is inherent to bio‐derived molecules. However, bio‐derived sustainable feedstocks contain excessive levels of oxygen, and de‐oxygenation and dehydration reactions are required. In this chapter the general field is introduced and, in particular, the oxidation of glycerol using supported gold and gold bimetallic nanoparticles is described. In addition the use of solvent‐free reaction conditions is also discussed.
Single-chip surface-micromachined integrated gyroscope with 50°/hour root allan variance (2005)

A MEMS surface-micromachined gyroscope integrated on a single 3/spl times/3 mm/sup 2/ chip with a 3 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process has 4 /spl mu/m-thick polysilicon structure, 5V 6 mA power supply, 0.05/spl deg///spl radic/s spot noise, 12.5 mV//spl deg//s, >30,000 g shock survival, and -55 to 85/spl deg/C operating range.
Influence of Electrolytes on the Electronic Transfer in Electrode Materials: Ex- and In-Situ Dielectric Spectroscopy Study between 103 and 1010 Hz (2014)

The fruitful contribution of Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) to study hierarchical materials applied to batteries electrodes has been previously shown [1-5]. The results demonstrate that the broadband dielectric spectroscopy technique is very sensitive to the different scales of the electrode architecture involved in the electronic transport, from interatomic distances to macroscopic sizes, as well as to the morphology at these scales, coarse or fine distribution of the constituents. When the frequency increases, different kinds of polarizations appear from interatomic distances to macroscopic sizes (Fig. 1) and give rise to dielectric relaxations in the following order: (a) space-charge polarization (low-frequency range) due to the interface sample/current collector; (b) polarization of clusters of particles (micronic scale) and (c) polarization of particles due to the existence of resistive junctions between them; d) electron transfers (nanometric or interatomic scale). The BDS measurement was up to now ex situ measurement, on dry electrode. They provide a fundamental insight into the conduction properties at all scales of the materials before being integrated in a real battery. An innovative device (measurement cell) has been developed to make synchronized BDS measurements and electrochemical cycling. The frequency range is about 10 3 - 10 10 Hz. In this work, data acquisitions were made on dry electrode (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 / Carbon black / PVdF) and then on the same electrode wetted with an electrolyte. Short- and long-range motions of ions are evidenced in the low-frequency region. At higher frequencies, the study shows for the first time the influence of the ions of the electrolyte on the transfer of the electronic charges (holes) in LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 at the micronic scale. Acknowledgements Financial funding from CNRS, Université de Nantes, UMICORE, and the ANR program n° ANR-09-STOCK-E-02-01 is acknowledged. References 1. J.C. Badot, E. Ligneel, O. Dubrunfaut, D. Guyomard, and B. Lestriez, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 2749. 2. J.C. Badot, E. Ligneel, O. Dubrunfaut, J. Gaubicher, D. Guyomard, B. Lestriez, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 9500. 3. K. Seid, J.C. Badot, O. Dubrunfaut, S. Levasseur, D. Guyomard, B. Lestriez, J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 2641. 4. K. Seid, J.C. Badot, O. Dubrunfaut, S. Levasseur, D. Guyomard, B. Lestriez, J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 24057. 5. K. Seid, J.-C. Badot, O. Dubrunfaut, M.T. Caldes, N. Stephant, L. Gautier, D. Guyomard B. Lestriez. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 19790. Figure 1. Schematic description of a hierarchical architecture at different scales of a powdered material: different sources of polarizations vs. frequency and size.
Minimax Regret for Cascading Bandits (2022)

Cascading bandits is a natural and popular model that frames the task of learning to rank from Bernoulli click feedback in a bandit setting. For the case of unstructured rewards, we prove matching upper and lower bounds for the problem-independent (i.e., gap-free) regret, both of which strictly improve the best known. A key observation is that the hard instances of this problem are those with small mean rewards, i.e., the small click-through rates that are most relevant in practice. Based on this, and the fact that small mean implies small variance for Bernoullis, our key technical result shows that variance-aware confidence sets derived from the Bernstein and Chernoff bounds lead to optimal algorithms (up to log terms), whereas Hoeffding-based algorithms suffer order-wise suboptimal regret. This sharply contrasts with the standard (non-cascading) bandit setting, where the variance-aware algorithms only improve constants. In light of this and as an additional contribution, we propose a variance-aware algorithm for the structured case of linear rewards and show its regret strictly improves the state-of-the-art.
Cannabidiol Enhances the Passage of Lipid Nanocapsules across the Blood–Brain Barrier Both in Vitro and in Vivo (2019)

Diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) should be regarded as a major health challenge due to the current lack of effective treatments given the hindrance to brain drug delivery imposed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Since efficient brain drug delivery should not solely rely on passive targeting, active targeting of nanomedicines into the CNS is being explored. The present study is devoted to the development of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) decorated with nonpsychotropic cannabinoids as pioneering nonimmunogenic brain-targeting molecules and to the evaluation of their brain-targeting ability both in vitro and in vivo. Noticeably, both the permeability experiments across the hCMEC/D3 cell-based in vitro BBB model and the biodistribution experiments in mice consistently demonstrated that the highest brain-targeting ability was achieved with the smallest-sized cannabinoid-decorated LNCs. Importantly, the enhancement in brain targeting achieved with the conjugation of cannabidiol to LNCs outperformed by 6-fold the enhancement observed for the G-Technology (the main brain active strategy that has already entered clinical trials for the treatment of CNS diseases). As the transport efficiency across the BBB certainly determines the efficacy of the treatments for brain disorders, small cannabinoid-decorated LNCs represent auspicious platforms for the design and development of novel therapies for CNS diseases.
NOP receptor pharmacological profile – A dynamic mass redistribution study (2018)

The Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide NOP receptor is coupled to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins (Gi/o) whose activation leads to the inhibition of both cAMP production and calcium channel activity, and to the stimulation of potassium currents. The label free dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) approach has been demonstrated useful for investigating the pharmacological profile of G protein-coupled receptors. Herein, we employ DMR technology to systematically characterize the pharmacology of a large panel of NOP receptor ligands. These are of peptide and non-peptide nature and display varying degrees of receptor efficacy, ranging from full agonism to pure antagonism. Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the human NOP receptor we provide rank orders of potency for full and partial agonists as well as apparent affinities for selective antagonists. We find the pharmacological profile of NOP receptor ligands to be similar but not identical to values reported in the literature using canonical assays for Gi/o-coupled receptors. Our data demonstrate that holistic label-free DMR detection can be successfully used to investigate the pharmacology of the NOP receptor and to characterize the cellular effects of novel NOP receptor ligands.
Unraveling the High- and Low-Sensitivity Agonist Responses of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2011)

The neuronal α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors exist as two distinct subtypes, (α4)(2)(β2)(3) and (α4)(3)(β2)(2), and biphasic responses to acetylcholine and other agonists have been ascribed previously to coexistence of these two receptor subtypes. We offer a novel and radical explanation for the observation of two distinct agonist sensitivities. Using different expression ratios of mammalian α4 and β2 subunits and concatenated constructs, we demonstrate that a biphasic response is an intrinsic functional property of the (α4)(3)(β2)(2) receptor. In addition to two high-sensitivity sites at α4β2 interfaces, the (α4)(3)(β2)(2) receptor contains a third low-sensitivity agonist binding site in the α4α4 interface. Occupation of this site is required for full activation and is responsible for the widened dynamic response range of this receptor subtype. By site-directed mutagenesis, we show that three residues, which differ between the α4β2 and α4α4 sites, control agonist sensitivity. The results presented here provide a basic insight into the function of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, which enables modulation of the receptors with hitherto unseen precision; it becomes possible to rationally design therapeutics targeting subpopulations of specific receptor subtypes.
Simulating Microstructure Evolution of Ultrasonic Welding of Battery Tabs (2016)

Ultrasonic welding offers ability to weld thin layers of malleable metals at low temperature and low power consumption. During ultrasonic welding, intensive material interactions occur due to the severe plastic deformation (SPD) and frictional heat generation, which leads to the microstructural change. Different grain microstructures have been observed after different ultrasonic welding conditions. Theory of the microstructural evolution was for the first time hypothesized as three regimes, namely SPD, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and grain growth according to the material thermomechanical loading conditions. A novel metallo-thermo-mechanically coupled model was developed to model the temperature-dependent mechanical deformation and microstructural evolution during the ultrasonic spot welding process. The numerical analysis was carried out with a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model using DEFORM 11.0. The material constitutive model considered cyclic plasticity, thermal softening and acoustic softening. Dynamic recrystallization and grain growth kinetics laws were applied to simulate the microstructural evolution under different welding time durations. The simulation results demonstrated that the essential characteristics of the deformation field and microstructure evolution during ultrasonic welding were well captured by the metallo-thermo-mechanically coupled model. The numerical framework developed in this study has been shown to be a powerful tool to optimize the ultrasonic welding process for its mechanical properties and microstructures.