gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-broadband terahertz time-domain ellipsometric spectroscopy utilizing GaP and GaSe emitters and an epitaxial layer transferred photoconductive detector (2014)

We present a reflection-type ultra-broadband terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry system covering the frequency range of 0.5–30 THz. GaP (110) and z-cut GaSe crystals are used as emitters to generate the THz and mid-infrared pulses, respectively, and a photoconductive antenna switch using a low-temperature grown GaAs epitaxial layer transferred on Si substrate was used as a detector. By changing the emitter between the GaP and GaSe crystals, the measurable frequency range can be easily switched from the 0.5–7.8 THz range to the 7.8–30 THz range without additional optical alignment. We demonstrated the measurement of the dielectric function in a p-type InAs wafer and the optical conductivity of an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film. The obtained carrier density and the mobility of the ITO thin film show good agreement with that obtained by the Hall measurement.
Immobilization ofEscherichia coliRNA Polymerase and Location of Binding Sites by Use of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Microarrays (2005)

The genome-wide location of RNA polymerase binding sites was determined in Escherichia coli using chromatin immunoprecipitation and microarrays (chIP-chip). Cross-linked chromatin was isolated in triplicate from rifampin-treated cells, and DNA bound to RNA polymerase was precipitated with an antibody specific for the beta' subunit. The DNA was amplified and hybridized to "tiled" oligonucleotide microarrays representing the whole genome at 25-bp resolution. A total of 1,139 binding sites were detected and evaluated by comparison to gene expression data from identical conditions and to 961 promoters previously identified by established methods. Of the detected binding sites, 418 were located within 1,000 bp of a known promoter, leaving 721 previously unknown RNA polymerase binding sites. Within 200 bp, we were able to detect 51% (189/368) of the known sigma70-specific promoters occurring upstream of an expressed open reading frame and 74% (273/368) within 1,000 bp. Conversely, many known promoters were not detected by chIP-chip, leading to an estimated 26% negative-detection rate. Most of the detected binding sites could be associated with expressed transcription units, but 299 binding sites occurred near inactive transcription units. This map of RNA polymerase binding sites represents a foundation for studies of transcription factors in E. coli and an important evaluation of the chIP-chip technique.
In vivo determination of triglyceride secretion using radioactive glycerol in rats fed different dietary saturated fats (1991)

Our objective was to determine the relative rates of in vivo triglyceride (TG) secretion and the composition of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in rats fed different dietary saturated fats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g) were fed diets containing 16% corn oil, or 14% butterfat, 14% beef tallow, 14% olive oil, or 14% coconut oil plus 2% corn oil for 5 wk. Changes in plasma TG specific radioactivity were determined in individual, unanesthetized fasted rats after injection of 100 microCi [2-3H]glycerol. Nonlinear regression analysis using a 2-compartment model was used to determine the fractional rate constant for TG turnover in plasma. The plasma TG pool was 33-40% larger with beef tallow than with corn, olive or coconut oil feeding (p less than 0.05), and 20% larger with beef tallow than with butterfat feeding. The rate of TG secretion into plasma (mg/min/100 g body weight) was 60% higher in animals fed beef tallow than corn or coconut oil (p less than 0.05) and 26-33% higher in animals fed beef tallow than olive oil or butterfat. Differences in VLDL composition (% wt) were also noted. Our data suggest that greater TG secretion is the primary factor contributing to the larger TG pool with ingestion of beef tallow relative to butterfat, corn or coconut oil. These results suggest that different dietary saturated fats have unique effects on TG metabolism in rats.
Morphological and neurochemical features of cultured primary skin fibroblasts of fischer 344 rats following striatal implantation (1992)

Abstract In order to assess the feasibility of using primary skin fibroblasts as a donor population for genetic modification and subsequent intracerebral grafting, the present study examines the structural and neurochemical characteristics of intrastriatal grafts of isogeneic primary fibroblasts over a period of 6 months. In culture, primary skin fibroblasts obtained from a female Fischer 344 rat display robust growth, but once confluent these cells exhibit contact inhibition. Following the implantation of cultured primary cells within the striatum of other adult rats from the same inbred strain, isologous grafts stain immunohistochemically for fibronectin at 1 week, and this immunostaining persists up to 6 months. Immunoreactivity for laminin is intense within the grafts from 1 to 8 weeks, but decreases by 6 months. Astrocytes within the striatum respond dramatically to the implantation of primary fibroblasts, such that immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein increases markedly from 1 to 8 weeks after implantation. Although the intensity of immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein diminishes among striatal astrocytes between 8 weeks and 6 months, the astrocytic border between the grafts and striatal neuropil remains intensely immunoreactive. Capillaries within the grafts stain immunohistochemically for glucose transporter (a facilitated glucose uptake carrier) as early as 3 weeks after implantation. Following intravenous infusions of peroxidase, capillaries within fibroblast grafts do not permit the extravasation of this macromolecule at 8 weeks and 6 months. Thus, capillaries formed within intracerebral grafts of primary skin fibroblasts exhibit a functional impermeable barrier to macromolecules similar to those capillaries of the host striatum. At the ultrastructural level, grafts possess numerous fibroblasts and have an extracellular matrix filled with collagen. Reactive astrocytic processes filled with intermediate filaments are found throughout the grafts. Hypertrophied astrocytes and their processes also appear to form a continuous border between the grafts and striatal neuropil. Grafts of primary fibroblasts also possess an extensive vasculature that is composed of capillaries with nonfenestrated endothelial cells; the occurrence of reactive astrocytic processes closely associated with or enveloping capillaries is variable. These results provide direct morphological and neurochemical evidence for the long‐term survival of isologous fibroblasts after implantation within the rat striatum. From these data, we propose that isologous skin fibroblasts can be considered as donor candidates for successful intracerebral grafting following gene transfer.
A PEKS-Based NDN Strategy for Name Privacy (2020)

Named Data Networking (NDN), where addressable content name is used, is considered as a candidate of next-generation Internet architectures. NDN routers use In-Network cache to replicate and store passing packets to make faster content delivery. Because NDN uses a human-readable name, it is easy for an adversary to guess what kind of content is requested. To solve this issue, we develop a PEKS-based strategy for forwarding packets, where PEKS stands for public key encryption with keyword search. We implement the PEKS-based strategy based on the best route strategy and multicast strategy of NDN and show the performance of the PEKS-based NDN strategy. We also discuss the issues of the PEKS-based NDN strategy.
Asymmetric plasmonic induced ionic noise in metallic nanopores (2016)

We present distinct asymmetric plasmon-induced noise properties of ionic transport observed through gold coated nanopores. We thoroughly investigated the effects of bias voltage and laser illumination. We show that the potential drop across top-coated silicon nanocavity pores can give rise to a large noise asymmetry (∼2-3 orders of magnitude). Varying the bias voltage has an appreciable effect on the noise density spectra, typically in the Lorentzian components. The laser power is found to strongly affect the ionic noise level as well as the voltage threshold for light-induced noise generation. The asymmetric noise phenomenon is attributed to plasmon-induced interfacial reactions which promote light-induced charge fluctuation in the ion flow and allow voltage modulation of photo-induced carriers surmounting over such Schottky junctions. We further compare the ionic noise performances of gold nanocavities containing different material stacks, among which thermal oxide passivation of the silicon successfully mitigates the light-induced noise and is also fully CMOS-compatible. The understanding of the described noise characteristics will help to foster multiple applications using related structures including plasmonic-based sensing or plasmon-induced catalysis such as water splitting or solar energy conversion devices.
In-memory Realization of In-situ Few-shot Continual Learning with a Dynamically Evolving Explicit Memory (2022)

Continually learning new classes from a few training examples without forgetting previous old classes demands a flexible architecture with an inevitably growing portion of storage, in which new examples and classes can be incrementally stored and efficiently retrieved. One viable architectural solution is to tightly couple a stationary deep neural network to a dynamically evolving explicit memory (EM). As the centerpiece of this architecture, we propose an EM unit that leverages energy-efficient in-memory compute (IMC) cores during the course of continual learning operations. We demonstrate for the first time how the EM unit can physically superpose multiple training examples, expand to accommodate unseen classes, and perform similarity search during inference, using operations on an IMC core based on phase-change memory (PCM). Specifically, the physical superposition of a few encoded training examples is realized via in-situ progressive crystallization of PCM devices. The classification accuracy achieved on the IMC core remains within a range of 1.28%--2.5% compared to that of the state-of-the-art full-precision baseline software model on both the CIFAR-100 and miniImageNet datasets when continually learning 40 novel classes (from only five examples per class) on top of 60 old classes.
Comparative study of two atomic layer etching processes for GaN (2020)

Atomic layer etching (ALE) of Ga-polar GaN (0001) using a standard inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching system is achieved in this work. The sequential process is using Cl2 to modify the surface in the adsorption step. For the activation step, the authors compare two rare gas plasmas, namely, Ar and Kr, and show a much larger and well-defined ALE window for the latter. The ALE of GaN is demonstrated by etching mesa structures masked with a photoresist. A constant etching rate per cycle of two monolayers is obtained. The experimental conditions of this self-limited process are found by changing both the adsorption and activation times, together with the source power. This provides an atomic-scale process for nanofabrication, with significant improvements to the GaN surface.
Synthèse sur la détection des produits issus des nouvelles technologies génomiques (NGT) appliquées aux plantes. Paris, Paris, le 26 novembre 2021 (2021)

Synthèse sur la détection des produits issus des nouvelles technologies génomiques (NGT) appliquées aux plantesLa question du statut réglementaire des NGT (New Genomic Techniques), qui ont été définies comme techniques de modification du génome « apparues » depuis 2001 , est actuellement débattue en Europe. Ces techniques n’existaient pas, ou étaient peu développées lors de l’adoption des directives et règlements européens qui encadrent actuellement les organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM). A l’époque le législateur européen avait choisi de réglementer les techniques de transgénèse et d’exempter les méthodes de mutagénèse notamment sur la base d’une expérience d’usage n’ayant révélé aucun problème particulier. Certaines NGT pouvant être utilisées pour induire une mutagenèse, ciblée ou non , la questionde leur soumission à la réglementation européenne en vigueur fait l’objet de discussions juridiques et politiques depuis quelques années. Les données scientifiques relatives à ces technologies (définitions, méthodes et résultats) doivent permettre de guider ces discussions.
Naturstoffanaloga als Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren: Identifikation von IGF1R-, Tie-2- und VEGFR-3-Inhibitoren (2002)

Zentrale Wachstumsregulatoren von Blut- und Lymphgefäßen wie die Tie-2- und VEGF-3-Rezeptortyrosinkinasen spielen entscheidende Rollen bei Tumorwachstum und -metastasierung. Eine neue Klasse von Inhibitoren dieser signaltransduzierenden Proteine und der IGF1R-Kinase (z. B. 1) wurde aus einer von einem Naturstoff abgeleiteten Substanzbibliothek identifiziert. Diese Befunde eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten für die Entwicklung von Tumortherapeutika.
Reduction of Threading Dislocation by Using Pattern Sapphire Substrate on GaN to Enhance Schottky Diode's Performance (2019)

AlGaN/GaN heterojunction is a well-known material because of its large critical electric field and high chemical stability. There's a lots of applications such as LED, optical devices, high-frequency transistor, etc. Therefore, we can use this material to fabricate high-power and high-frequency device. Nowadays, more groups are interesting on GaN and claim it may become a good candidate of replacing Silicon.
COGS--Computer Oriented Geological Society: ABSTRACT (1984)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Supplementation with Bovine Milk or Soy Beverages Recovers Bone Mineralization in Young Growing Rats Fed an Insufficient Diet, in Contrast to an Almond Beverage (2019)

In the model tested, supplementing rats with bovine UHT milk and soy UHT beverage provided favorable bone health outcomes. Conversely, almond UHT beverage was not an effective supplement and could be detrimental to bone mineralization and strength outcomes.
Immunological Characterization and Antibacterial Function of Persisting Granulocytes in Leukemic Patients Receiving Pulse Cytosine Arabinoside-Consolidation Chemotherapy on Days 1, 3, and 5 (2006)

High-dose cytosine arabinoside (HiDAC) and intermediate-dose cytosine arabinoside (IDAC) have been introduced as effective and safe consolidation chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia, with relatively low rates of life-threatening infections despite the high total dose of the cytostatic drug. To explore the biological background of low toxicity, we examined the numbers, immunophenotype, and functional properties of granulocytes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving HiDAC or IDAC. Interestingly, the absolute numbers of neutrophils remained >500/microl until day 10 in 92 of 125 (74%) HiDAC cycles and in 106 of 113 (94%) IDAC cycles. As assessed by electron microscopy, these day-10 granulocytes surviving chemotherapy were found to be mature cells containing secondary granules and phagolysosomes. They also expressed opsonization- and phagocytosis-linked surface Ags (C3biR, CR1, C1qR, C5aR, FcgammaRI, FcgammaRII, FcgammaRIII, and G-CSF and GM-CSF receptors) like neutrophils in healthy controls. Moreover, these day-10 neutrophils exhibited oxidative burst activity and took up and digested bacteria in the same way as neutrophils in healthy controls. There was a negative correlation between absolute neutrophil counts and severe infections in HiDAC- and IDAC-treated patients with a later onset of infections in IDAC patients (median: IDAC, day 18; HiDAC, day 16). Together, functionally mature neutrophils are detectable at least until day 10 in patients treated with HiDAC or IDAC, and may explain the relatively low hematologic toxicity of these consolidation protocols. IDAC is a superior protocol in this regard and may therefore be most suitable for elderly patients and those at high risk for severe infections.
Further developments in autonomous converter control in a multi-terminal HVDC system (2012)

There has been much discussion over how HVDC grids incorporating many converters should be controlled and several methodologies have been proposed. An underlying principle of a proposed method, Voltage Droop control, was the minimisation of the inter-dependency of the control of the individual converters, inferring little, or no, reliance on a communication system. Since then further work has shown that the philosophy's fundamental principles were correct and it was applicable to multi-converter systems. Nevertheless, further work has led to refinements that enhance the basic concept to include converters operating with different control modes and system objectives. These developments are described in this paper. (6 pages)
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Mediated Resolution of 4‐TMS‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol and Use of the Mesylate Derivatives as a Precursor to a Highly Stereoselective Chiral Allenylindium Reagent. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Direct formation of metal nanoparticles using ultrasound (2023)

A method for creating nanoparticles directly from bulk metal by applying ultrasound to the surface in the presence of a two-part surfactant system. Implosive collapse of cavitation bubbles near the bulk metal surface generates powerful microjets, leading to material ejection. This liberated material is captured and stabilized by a surfactant bilayer in the form of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be produced regardless of the bulk metal form factor. The method is generally applicable of metals and alloys. The method can be applied to an environmentally important problem, the reclamation of gold from an electronic waste stream.
Binding of AR to SMRT/N-CoR complex and its co-operation with PSA promoter in prostate cancer cells treated with natural histone deacetylase inhibitor NaB (2010)

Signaling through the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression. The AR is a classical nuclear receptor (NR) providing a link between signaling molecule and transcription response. Histone deacetylase inhibitors- (HDACI) have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on prostate cancer cells and their implication in silence AR signaling may have potential therapeutic use. We aimed to study the inhibitory effects of the corepressor SMRT (Silencing Mediator for Retinoid and Thyroid -hormone receptors) which forms a complex together with nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) and with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) on AR activity.The androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line C4-2 both AR-positive, and androgen-insensitive DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines were treated with two HDACIs, sodium butyrate (NaB) and/or trichostatin A (TSA). We amplified immunoprecipitated DNA by conventional PCR and in the -following step we used the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis coupled with quantitative PCR for monitoring NaB induced formation of AR-SMRT/N-CoR complex binding on the PSA promoter. The co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed increase in AR-SMRT formation in NaB treated cells. Simultaneously, the Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease in AR protein expression. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of NaB on AR gene expression seems to be specific and unique for prostate cancer AR-positive cell lines and corresponds with its ability to stimulate AR-SMRT complex formation. We suggest that AR and SMRT/N-CoR corepressors may form a stable complex in vitro and NaB may facilitate the interaction between AR nuclear steroid receptor and SMRT corepressor prote.
A 5800-μm2 Resistor-Based Temperature Sensor With a One-Point Trimmed Inaccuracy of ±1.2 °C (3σ) From −50 °C to 105 °C in 65-nm CMOS (2019)

This letter describes a compact resistor-based temperature sensor intended for the thermal monitoring of microprocessors and DRAMs. It consists of an RC poly phase filter (PPF) that is read out by a frequency-locked loop (FLL) based on a dual zero-crossing (ZC) detection scheme. The sensor, fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, occupies 5800 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and achieves moderate accuracy [±1.2 °C (3σ)] over a wide temperature range (−50 °C to 105 °C) after a one-point trim. This is 2× better than the previous compact resistor-based sensors. Operating from 0.85 to 1.3-V supplies, it consumes 32.5-μA and achieves 2.8-mK resolution in a 1-ms conversion time, which corresponds to a resolution FoM of 0.26 pJ•K2.
Reorganization Energies of Diprotonated and Saddle-Distorted Porphyrins in Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reduction Controlled by Conformational Distortion (2008)

Kinetics of photoinduced electron transfer from a series of electron donors to the triplet excited states of a series of nonplanar porphyrins, hydrochloride salts of saddle-distorted dodecaphenylporphyrin ([H(4)DPP]Cl(2)), tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethylphyenyl)porphyrin ([H(4)TMP]Cl(2)), tetraphenylporphyrin ([H(4)TPP]Cl(2)), and octaphenylporphyrin ([H(4)OPP]Cl(2)), were investigated in comparison with those of a planar porphyrin, zinc [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)]porphyrin [Zn(F(20)TPP)(CH(3)CN)], in deaerated acetonitrile by laser flash photolysis. The resulting data were evaluated in light of the Marcus theory of electron transfer, allowing us to determine reorganization energies of electron transfer to be 1.21 eV for [H(4)TMP]Cl(2), 1.29 eV for [H(4)TPP]Cl(2), 1.45 eV for [H(4)OPP]Cl(2), 1.69 eV for [H(4)DPP]Cl(2), and 0.84 eV for [Zn(F(20)TPP)(CH(3)CN)]. The reorganization energies exhibited a linear correlation relative to the out-of-plane displacements, which represent the degree of nonplanarity. The rate of electron-transfer reduction of diprotonated porphyrins is significantly slowed down by conformational distortions of the porphyrin ring. This indicates that the reorganization energy of electron transfer is governed by structural change, giving a larger contribution of inner-sphere bond reorganization energy rather than outer-sphere solvent reorganization energy.