gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quelques exemples de problèmes inverses en statistique et en traitement du signal (1997)

Un probleme inverse consiste a reconstruire une serie de donnees non observees a partir d'une serie de donnees observees. Lorsque le modele considere est parametrique, l'algorithme EM, ou une approximation stochastique de EM (SAEM) peuvent etre envisages pour estimer les parametres du modele. On montre alors que l'algorithme SAEM converge, sous des hypotheses tres generales, vers un maximum de la vraisemblance des observations. Une version recuit simule de SAEM permet meme d'eviter les maximas locaux. On peut ensuite reconstruire les donnees manquantes en maximisant la distribution a posteriori des donnees non observees (estimateur MAP). Des applications en deconvolution sont presentees. Il arrive enfin que dans certains problemes, la reconstruction des donnees manquantes et l'estimation de certains parametres soient effectuees simultanement. On definit alors une fonction globale a minimiser. Des applications en clustering et en detection de ruptures sont proposees. Quelques resultats asymptotiques pour l'estimateur des instants de ruptures peuvent etre obtenus.
Long-Term Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Therapy in Patients With Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion (2017)

Purpose: To evaluate long-term visual and anatomical outcomes of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in routine clinical practice. Methods: Patients with ME secondary to hemi-RVO (HRVO), central RVO (CRVO), or branch RVO (BRVO) after initiating anti-VEGF therapy were followed for at least 36 months. Main outcomes were change in best visual acuity (BVA) and mean absolute change in central subfield thickness (CST) at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. Results: Patients with BRVO showed significant increases in BVA that were maintained after 12, 24, 36, and 48 months (+11.03, +12.06, +10.71, and +9.26 letters, respectively; P &lt; .05). CST significantly decreased after 12, 24, 36, and 48 months (−83.51, −67.93, −97.52, −127.85 µm, respectively; P &lt; .05). In patients with CRVO/HRVO, significant improvements in BVA were seen at 12 and 24 months (+9.39 and +8.54 letters, respectively; P = .023). At 36 and 48 months, the visual gain was not significant (+2.64 and +3.42 letters, respectively; P &gt; .05). For CST changes, there were significant decreases at 12, 24, and 36 months (−146.23, −149.54, and −166.44 µm, respectively; P &lt; .05). At 48 months (−97.66 µm, P = .130), changes in CST were not significant. Conclusions: In routine clinical practice, visual and anatomical benefits of anti-VEGF agents in patients with BRVO were sustained at 36 and 48 months. For patients with CRVO/HRVO, anatomical improvements were maintained for 36, but not 48 months, while visual improvements were no longer maintained by 36 months.
Relative Importance of Systemic Determinants of Retinal Arteriolar and Venular Caliber (2008)

The major systemic determinant of narrower retinal arteriolar caliber is higher blood pressure, while those of wider retinal venular caliber are cigarette smoking, higher blood pressure, systemic inflammation, and obesity. These data offer further insights into the systemic processes influencing arteriolar and venular characteristics and may help explain the observed associations of retinal vascular caliber and the risk of clinical cardiovascular disease.
Implementation of silicon-on-glass MEMS devices with embedded through-wafer silicon vias using the glass reflow process for wafer-level packaging and 3D chip integration (2008)

This study presents a novel system architecture to implement silicon-on-glass (SOG) MEMS devices on Si–glass compound substrate with embedded silicon vias. Thus, the 3D integration of MEMS devices can be accomplished by means of through-wafer silicon vias. The silicon vias connecting to the pads of devices are embedded inside the Pyrex glass. Parasitic capacitance for both vias and microstructures is decreased and mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is reduced. In applications, the glass reflow process together with the SOG micromachining processes were employed to implement the presented concept. Successful driving of the resonator through the silicon vias is demonstrated. The wafer-level hermetic packaging can be further achieved by anodic bonding of a Pyrex7740 wafer. Hermeticity of the packaged device performed by helium leak test satisfied MIL-STD-883E. The packaged SOG device is SMT (surface mount technology) compatible and ready for 3D microsystem integration.
The transcription factor ZEB1 (δEF1) represses Plakophilin 3 during human cancer progression (2007)

Plakophilin 3 (PKP3) belongs to the p120ctn family of armadillo-related proteins predominantly functioning in desmosome formation. Here we report that PKP3 is transcriptionally repressed by the E-cadherin repressor ZEB1 in metastatic cancer cells. ZEB1 physically associates with two conserved E-box elements in the PKP3 promoter and partially represses the activity of corresponding human and mouse PKP3 promoter fragments in reporter gene assays. In human tumours ZEB1 is upregulated in invasive cancer cells at the tumour-host interface, which is accompanied by downregulation of PKP3 expression levels. Hence, the transcriptional repression of PKP3 by ZEB1 contributes to ZEB1-mediated disintegration of intercellular adhesion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
Transmission line pulse picosecond imaging circuit analysis methodology for evaluation of ESD and latchup (2003)

This paper will demonstrate the synthesis of the high current pulse source method (e.g. used in transmission line pulse (TLP) systems) and the Picosecond Imaging Circuit Analysis (PICA) tool for the evaluation. of electrostatic discharge (ESD) and latchup phenomenon. In this fashion, the evolution of ESD and latchup can be evaluated in semiconductor devices, and in peripheral circuits at a wafer level or product level. The methodology described in this publication allows for visualization of ESD and latchup, events (e.g. animation in a picosecond time regime). The synthesis of the transmission line pulse (TLP) method and the PICA method allows for the extension of the ESD TLP methodology to terminal currents and spatial and time domain analysis for electrical characterization and reliability analysis, and the high current pulsed source extends the utilization of the PICA methodology for failure analysis on wafer and chip levels.
Kinematic alignment of medial UKA is safe: a systematic review (2021)

Level 4; systematic review of level 4 studies.
Picosecond Camera for Time-of-Flight Imaging (2011)

We present an ultra-fast imaging system capable of capturing images with picosecond time resolution or movies with a frame rate of 5·1011 frames per second. We demonstrate the use of this system to analyze subsurface scattering and multibounce light transport. We present an analysis of scattering in different materials and review some of the applications of multibounce light transport.
Thin-film stabilization of LiNbO3-type ZnSnO3 and MgSnO3 by molecular-beam epitaxy (2018)

In polar crystals, cooperative ionic displacement produces a macroscopic spontaneous polarization. Among such polar materials, LiNbO3-type wide bandgap oxides are particularly appealing because they offer useful ferroelectric properties and also potentially lead to multiferroic materials. Using molecular-beam epitaxy, we investigated the thin-film growth of high-pressure phase LiNbO3-type ZnSnO3 and discovered a polar oxide candidate, MgSnO3. We found that LiNbO3-type substrates play an essential role in the crystallization of these compounds, though corundum-type Al2O3 substrates also have the identical crystallographic arrangement of oxygen sublattice. Optical transmittance and electrical transport measurements revealed their potential as a transparent conducting oxide. Establishment of a thin-film synthetic route would be the basis for exploration of functional polar oxides and research on conduction at ferroelectric interfaces and domain walls.
Becoming settlers: Elements and mechanisms for surface colonization by Pseudomonas putida (2023)

Pseudomonads are considered to be among the most widespread culturable bacteria in mesophilic environments. The evolutive success of Pseudomonas species can be attributed to their metabolic versatility, in combination with a set of additional functions that enhance their ability to colonize different niches. These include the production of secondary metabolites involved in iron acquisition or having a detrimental effect on potential competitors, different types of motility, and the capacity to establish and persist within biofilms. Although biofilm formation has been extensively studied using the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model organism, a significant body of knowledge is also becoming available for non-pathogenic Pseudomonas. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that allow Pseudomonas putida to colonize biotic and abiotic surfaces and adapt to sessile life, as a relevant persistence strategy in the environment. This species is of particular interest because it includes plant-beneficial strains, in which colonization of plant surfaces may be relevant, and strains used for environmental and biotechnological applications, where the design and functionality of biofilm-based bioreactors, for example, also have to take into account the efficiency of bacterial colonization of solid surfaces. This work reviews the current knowledge of mechanistic and regulatory aspects of biofilm formation by P. putida and pinpoints the prospects in this field.
Suppression of IgE-Independent Degranulation of Murine Connective Tissue-Type Mast Cells by Dexamethasone (2019)

Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used for the treatment of chronic cutaneous inflammation, such as atopic dermatitis, although it remains unknown how they modulate cutaneous mast cell functions. We investigated the effects of prolonged treatment with a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, on murine connective tissue-type mast cells using in vitro and in vivo models. Our connective tissue-type bone marrow-derived cultured mast cell model was found to be sensitive to mast cell secretagogues, such as compound 48/80 and substance P, and higher expression levels of α subunit of a trimeric G protein, G<sub>i1</sub>, and several Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (Mrgpr) subtypes were observed in comparison with immature cultured mast cells. Secretagogue-induced degranulation and up-regulation of these genes was suppressed when cultured in the presence of dexamethasone. The profiles of granule constituents were drastically altered by dexamethasone. Topical application of dexamethasone down-modulated secretagogue-induced degranulation and the expression levels of several Mrgpr subtypes in cutaneous tissue. These results suggest that mast cell-mediated IgE-independent cutaneous inflammation could be suppressed by steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through the down-regulation of G <sub>αi1</sub> and several Mrgpr subtypes in mast cells.
Mitigating pointing requirements and turbulence effects in free-space quantum key distribution (2018)

With the development of quantum computers, that can break current classical encryption schemes, unconditionally secure quantum key distribution (QKD) will become very important. Current fiber-based QKD implementations are limited to a few hundred kilometers due to optical losses in fiber and cannot be used with mobile platforms. A free space QKD system has recently been demonstrated over very large distances using entangled photons. However, due to the extremely high pointing accuracy required, the implementation of this QKD approach is very challenging and power demanding. Here we describe a new type of QKD link that uses modulating retro-reflectors. Our approach reduces pointing requirements by orders of magnitude, allowing an increase in pointing tolerance from microradians to tens of milliradians. Additionally, it reduces power requirements on the moving platform and has potential of reducing some influence of turbulence on the secure key distribution rate. Our approach relies on new, high extinction surface-normal multiple quantum well modulators with a maximum modulation rate of 100 MHz. We report on a BB84 QKD link using our system in the laboratory.
Aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides by heterogeneous goldcatalysts (2011)

Thiols are smoothly and efficiently oxidized to disulfides (RSSR) with air in the presence of gold nanoparticles supported on CeO2 in absence of solvent, as well as in aqueous solutions and neutral pH. It is shown that the reaction can occur through the coupling of two sulphur radicals on the metal surface. The sulphur radicals are formed from thiols by one-electron oxidation with the metal. This reaction mechanism strongly resembles that found for sulfhydryl oxidases, a class of enzymes which are involved in the oxidative protein folding through de novo formation of disulfides from thiols.
What Will Wi-Fi 8 Be? A Primer on IEEE 802.11bn Ultra High Reliability (2023)

What will Wi-Fi 8 be? Driven by the strict requirements of emerging applications, next-generation Wi-Fi is set to prioritize Ultra High Reliability (UHR) above all. In this paper, we explore the journey towards IEEE 802.11bn UHR, the amendment that will form the basis of Wi-Fi 8. We first present new use cases calling for further Wi-Fi evolution and associated standardization, certification, and spectrum allocation efforts. We then introduce a selection of the main disruptive features envisioned for Wi-Fi 8 and their associated research challenges, resulting from the outcome of the UHR Study Group. Among those, we focus on multi access point coordination and demonstrate that it could build upon 802.11be multi-link operation to make UHR a reality in Wi-Fi 8.
Undetectable very-low frequency sound increases dancing at a live concert (2022)

Does low frequency sound (bass) make people dance more? Music that makes people want to move tends to have more low frequency sound, and bass instruments typically provide the musical pulse that people dance to1. Low pitches confer advantages in perception and movement timing, and elicit stronger neural responses for timing compared to high pitches2, suggesting superior sensorimotor communication. Low frequency sound is processed via vibrotactile3 and vestibular4 (in addition to auditory) pathways, and stimulation of these non-auditory modalities in the context of music can increase ratings of groove (the pleasurable urge to move to music)3, and modulate musical rhythm perception4. Anecdotal accounts describe intense physical and psychological effects of low frequencies, especially in electronic dance music5, possibly reflecting effects on physiological arousal. However, we do not know if these associations extend to direct causal effects of low frequencies in complex, real-world, social contexts like dancing at concerts, or if low frequencies that are not consciously detectable can affect behaviour. We tested whether non-auditory low-frequency stimulation would increase audience dancing by turning very-low frequency (VLF) speakers on and off during a live electronic music concert and measuring audience members’ movements using motion-capture. Movement increased when VLFs were present, and because the VLFs were below or near auditory thresholds (and a subsequent experiment suggested they were undetectable), we believe this represents an unconscious effect on behaviour, possibly via vestibular and/or tactile processing.
Supplementary Figures 1-9 from Dual Roles of PARP-1 Promote Cancer Growth and Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 410K, Dose responses, transcriptional, biological, biochemical, and in vivo supplemental data&lt;/p&gt;
Insights into the Sesquiterpenoid Pathway by Metabolic Profiling and De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Stem-Chicory (Cichorium intybus Cultigroup “Catalogna”) (2016)

Stem-chicory of the "Catalogna" group is a vegetable consumed for bitter-flavored stems. Type and levels of bitter sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) participate in conferring bitterness in vegetables. The content of lactucin-and lactucopocrin-like STLs was higher in "Molfettese" than "Galatina" landrace stalks, regardless of the cultivation sites, consistently with bitterness scores and gustative differences. The "Galatina" transcriptome assembly resulted in 58,872 unigenes, 77% of which were annotated, paving the way to molecular investigation of the STL pathway. Comparative transcriptome analysis allowed the identification of 69,352 SNPs and of 1640 differentially expressed genes that maintained the pattern independently of the site. Enrichment analyses revealed that 4 out of 29 unigenes were up-regulated in "Molfettese" vs "Galatina" within the sesquiterpenoid pathway. The expression of two <i>germacrene A</i> -<i>synthase</i> (<i>GAS</i>) and one -<i>oxidase</i> (<i>GAO</i>) genes of the costunolide branch correlated positively with the contents of lactucin-like molecules, supporting that STL biosynthesis regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Finally, 46 genes encoding transcription factors (<i>TFs</i>) maintained a differential expression pattern between the two varieties regardless of the growth site; correlation analyses among <i>TFs, GAS, GAO</i> gene expressions and STLs contents suggest that one <i>MYB</i> and one <i>bHLH</i> may act in the pathway.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Assessment of a Data-Driven State of Charge Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Hybrid Vehicles (2021)

This paper presents the design and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental validation of a data-driven estimation method for the state of charge (SOC) in the lithium-ion batteries used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The considered system features a 1.25 kWh 48 V lithium-ion battery that is numerically modeled via an RC equivalent circuit model that can also consider the environmental temperature influence. The proposed estimation technique relies on nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) artificial neural networks (ANNs) that are properly trained with multiple datasets. Those datasets include modeled current and voltage data, both for charge-sustaining and charge-depleting working conditions. The investigated method is then experimentally validated using a Raspberry Pi 4B card-sized board, on which the estimation algorithm is actually deployed, and real-time hardware, on which the battery model is developed, namely a Speedgoat baseline platform. These hardware platforms are used in a hardware-in-the-loop architecture via the UPD communication protocol, allowing the system to be validated in a proper testing environment. The resulting estimation algorithm can estimate the battery SOC in real-time, with 2% accuracy during real-time hardware testing.
A portable fuel analyzer (2006)

Fuel is the single most import supply during war. Consider that the US Military is employing over 25,000 vehicles during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Most fuel is obtained locally, and must be characterized to ensure proper operation of these vehicles. Determination of fuel properties is currently determined using a deployed chemical laboratory. Unfortunately, each sample requires in excess of 5 hours to characterize. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a portable fuel analyzer capable of determine 7 fuel properties that allow determining fuel usage. The analyzer uses Raman spectroscopy to measure the fuel samples without preparation in 2 minutes. The challenge, however, is that as distilled fractions of crude oil, all fuels are composed of hundreds of hydrocarbon components that boil at similar temperatures, and performance properties can not be simply correlated to a single component, and certainly not to specific Raman peaks. To meet this challenge, we measured over 500 diesel and jet fuels from around the world and used chemometrics to correlate the Raman spectra to fuel properties. Critical to the success of this approach is laser excitation at 1064 nm to avoid fluorescence interference (many fuels fluoresce) and a rugged interferometer that provides 0.1 cm<sup>-1</sup> wavenumber (x-axis) accuracy to guarantee accurate correlations. Here we describe the portable fuel analyzer, the chemometric models, and the successful determination of these 7 fuel properties for over 30 unknown samples provided by the US Marine Corps, US Navy, and US Army.
ShadowPix: Multiple Images from Self Shadowing (2012)

Abstract S hadow P ix are white surfaces that display several prescribed images formed by the self‐shadowing of the surface when lit from certain directions. The effect is surprising and not commonly seen in the real world. We present algorithms for constructing S hadow P ix that allow up to four images to be embedded in a single surface . S hadow P ix can produce a variety of unusual effects depending on the embedded images: moving the light can animate or relight the object in the image, or three colored lights may be used to produce a single colored image . S hadow P ix are easy to manufacture using a 3D printer and we present photographs, videos, and renderings demonstrating these effects .
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Tolerability of ACT-077825, a New Direct Renin Inhibitor After Multiple-ascending Doses in Healthy Subjects (2012)

This study was conducted to characterize the multiple-dose tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ACT-077825, a new direct renin inhibitor, in healthy male subjects. In this single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active-controlled (20 mg of enalapril), randomized multiple-ascending dose study, ACT-077825 was administered once a day. for 7 days in the 50-1000 mg dose range to sodium- and potassium-restricted subjects. ACT-077825 pharmacokinetics on days 1 and 7 were characterized by dose-proportional increases in Cmax and AUCτ. At steady state, accumulation was modest (1.5- to 1.7-fold). Enalapril caused an increase in plasma active renin concentration and plasma renin activity (PRA). ACT-077825 dose dependently increased active renin on days 1 and 7 and inhibited PRA dose dependently only on day 1. On day 7, the maximal PRA inhibition was attained after 250 mg of ACT-077825. In contrast to enalapril, ACT-077825 did not induce any consistent lowering effect on blood pressure when compared with placebo. Of the reported adverse events, diarrhea, headache, and postural dizziness were more frequent. The incidence of diarrhea was greater in the 1000-mg group and a dose of 500 mg of ACT-077825 was identified as the maximum tolerated dose. Overall, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and tolerability profiles warrant the further investigation of ACT-077825 in patients with hypertension.
Patellar resection during total knee arthroplasty: effect on bone strain and fracture risk (2004)

Patellae in small knees, or after severe patellar erosion, may be vulnerable to fracture after resection during arthroplasty. The patellar remnant may be thin, while the polyethylene component has a standard thickness. Anterior patellar bone strain was measured in cadaver knees loaded via the quadriceps, from 0 to 90 degrees flexion, with the patella intact, and after resections to 16, 13 and 11 mm thick and replacement by an 8-mm-thick polyethylene component. Strain increased significantly with knee flexion with constant 500 N quadriceps tension. Resection caused significant changes from intact values in knee flexion and extension and no significant effect at 30 degrees flexion. In flexion, bending caused the anterior surface to become more convex, with high tensile bone strains. In extension, resection caused negative anterior strains, representing bending in the opposite direction, with large tensile strains on the cut posterior surface. For normal activities, such as rising from a chair (1.8 kN quadriceps tension) the patella appears safe against fracture with a minimal resection to 16 mm thick. An eroded patella resected to 11 mm thickness may be at risk of fracture with that loading.