gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Assessment of Different Cell-Transmission Models for Ramp-Metered Highway Networks (2021)

Throughout the past three decades, various versions of the the cell-transmission model (CTM) has been proposed. In spite of the increased attention to freeway traffic modelling via the CTM, an analysis of the currently available versions of the CTM has been missing. This study has the aim of filling this gap by comparing the performance of the popular versions of this model. To achieve this goal, four finite horizon optimal control problems with different underlying CTMs and cost functions are proposed. The traffic management control in all problems is the ramp metering control. The performance assessment is performed via simulation for a hypothetical network of highways, with different demand profiles along with the analysis of the equilibrium state in each case. The simulation results will provide a thorough comparison of the performance of these problems on different performance measures of the network and will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each problem.
Transcription of bacteriophage M13 DNA: existence of promoters directly preceding genes III, VI, and I (1978)

In vitro transcription and coupled transcription-translation studies have been performed with restriction fragments of bacteriophage M13 replicative-form DNA which contain either gene III, gene VI, or gene I. It could be demonstrated that DNA fragments which contain gene III were able to direct the synthesis of gene III protein. Fragments which encompassed genes VI and I gave rise to the synthesis of gene I protein only, whereas gene I-containing fragments were able to direct the synthesis of gene I protein. None of the fragments studied gave rise to a detectable level of gene VI protein, although an RNA transcript of gene VI could readily be obtained during in vitro transcription of the relevant gene VI-containing DNA fragments. From these results we have concluded that the promoters A0.44 and A0.49 are located in front of genes VI and I, respectively, and that gene III is also equipped with a promoter (X0.25). Introduction of a single cleavage within the gene III region does not abolish the expression of genes VI and I in vitro. Hence, the expression of these genes is not solely dependent on the initiation of RNA synthesis at the gene III promoter or on leakage of transcription through the central termination site (T0.25), but is also determined by the initiation frequency of RNA synthesis at their individual promoters.
169 Exome Sequencing Implicates Endothelial Ras Signaling Network in Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation (2023)

INTRODUCTION: Early neurovascular development is a complex and intricate process with devastating consequences when impaired. Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations (VGAMs) are the most common and severe neonatal arteriovenous malformation and often present with high-output heart failure, hydrocephalus, neurodevelopmental delay, and brain hemorrhage. Despite their prevalence and severity, little is known regarding their genetic pathomechanism. METHODS: Genetic samples were collected from 114 VGAM probands, including 90 trios, from multiple sites. Collected specimens underwent whole exome sequencing, pathway analysis, and select ACVRL1 and EPHB4 mutations identified via sequencing were then studied in zebrafish models. RESULTS: Exome sequencing revealed a genome-wide significant burden of de novo mutations in Ras suppressor p120 Ras-GAP (RASA1) (enrichment = 324-fold; p = 4.8 x 10 -7 ). Damaging transmitted variants were enriched in p120 Ras-GAP negative regulator Eph-B4 (EPHB4) (odds ratio = 27.4; p = 1.7 x 10 -6 ). Eph-B4 missense variants caused loss of receptor tyrosine kinase activity constitutive Ras activation. Other probands had pathogenic variants in OMIM vascular disease genes PTNPN11, NOTCH1, and ACVRL1; the latter we found mutated in an ultra-rare multi-generational VGAM family. Pathway analysis identified enrichment of rare, damaging de novo and inherited variants in a network of interacting OMIM vascular disease genes involved in axon guidance (FDR = 2.3 x 10-5; enrichment = 3.65-fold). In zebrafish, the functional studies of ACVRL1 and EPHB4 confirmed severe vascular defects in mutant embryos. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that genetic regulation of a RASA1-centered Ras signaling hub is critical for cerebrovascular development and is impaired in VGAM pathogenesis. This finding has significant implications for the genetic counseling of patient families and the development of targeted therapeutics for VGAM neurovascular disorders.
Tailoring cells for clinical needs: Meeting report from the Advanced Therapy in Healthcare symposium (October 28–29 2017, Doha, Qatar) (2018)

New technologies and therapies designed to facilitate development of personalized treatments are rapidly emerging in the field of biomedicine. Strikingly, the goal of personalized medicine refined the concept of therapy by developing cell-based therapies, the so-called "living drugs". Breakthrough advancements were achieved in this regard in the fields of gene therapy, cell therapy, tissue-engineered products and advanced therapeutic techniques. The Advanced Therapies in Healthcare symposium, organized by the Clinical Research Center Department of Sidra Medicine, in Doha, Qatar (October 2017), brought together world-renowned experts from the fields of oncology, hematology, immunology, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and stem cells to offer a comprehensive picture of the status of worldwide advanced therapies in both pre-clinical and clinical development, providing insights to the research phase, clinical data and regulatory aspects of these therapies. Highlights of the meeting are provided in this meeting report.
Direct beamformer estimation for dynamic TDD networks with forward-backward training (2017)

This paper investigates direct beamformer estimation in dynamic time division duplexing (TDD) system with the objective of weighted sum rate maximization. For a given TDD frame, base stations (BS) are allocated to either uplink or downlink based on the instantaneous traffic state. The weighted sum mean-squared error minimization framework is used to obtain the decentralized iterative solution for the beamformer optimization. The received precoded pilot training matrices are directly used in the decoupled optimization problem, and two different over the air bi-directional signaling strategies are used for iterative forward-backward training of both transmit and receive beamformers. Detailed flow of signaling exchange and the beamformers estimation procedures are described for each bi-directional signaling strategy. Moreover, the proposed beamformer signaling schemes allow non-orthogonal and overlapping pilots, which greatly reduces the resource allocation effort. The numerical examples illustrate the system performance of the proposed algorithms against the training sequence length.
<title>Searching for contours</title> (1996)

Due to its portability and lack of ionizing radiation, three-dimensional ultrasound imaging is emerging as an important diagnostic tool in medicine. However, ultrasound images are usually noisy because of scattering and other complicated interactions between ultrasonic pulses and human tissue. This makes it difficult to automatically segment the images. Methods such as edge finding and region growing, which are primarily driven by the image data, can be easily diverted by speckle and broken contours. We have developed a new, model-driven segmentation method that automatically finds closed contours in noisy images using a global search. In particular, we have concentrated our research on horizontal image slices of the lower leg. The segmentation for such an image consists of three contours: the outer skin surface and two bones. Using a genetic algorithm, our method searches through the space of all possible contours, where contours are modeled as closed cubic splines. Candidate contours are blurred with a point spread function that approximates the point spread function of the image. These model contours are then compared to the actual image using correlation. We demonstrate the method on ultrasound images of human legs. Because this new algorithm avoids the diversions of noise, it works well in spite of the vagaries of ultrasound images, and it does so with a minimum of tunable parameters.
Oxidative potential in developing rat diaphragm, EDL, and soleus muscle fibers (1988)

To examine the effect of postnatal development on changes in oxidative potential of fibers of specific types (I, IIa, IIb, and IIc) in the rat diaphragm, determinations of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were made using microphotometric measures of optical density. Samples of the costal region of the diaphragm were extracted from 56 male Wistar rats ranging in age from 8 to 85 days and subgrouped into seven developmental periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 wk). For type I fibers, increases of 17% (P less than 0.05) in SDH activity occurred during 2nd wk, remained elevated through 4th wk, and increased further (P less than 0.05) to 137% of 1-wk values by the end of 6th wk. No further increases were noted between 6 and 12 wk. A similar maturational trend was evident for type IIa fibers, although SDH activities remained higher throughout development when compared with type I fibers. In contrast, SDH in type IIb fibers, although increasing by 14% during the first two measurement weeks (P less than 0.05), declined from 6 to 9 wk before ultimately reaching a value similar to 3 wk. SDH activity was also assessed in a typical slow- (soleus) and fast-twitch (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) muscle of the hindlimb to contrast their development with that of the diaphragm. Generally, SDH in type I and IIa fibers was approximately 40 and 20% higher, respectively, in the diaphragm than in matched fiber types in the other muscles throughout development (diaphragm greater than EDL greater than soleus).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The UCLA Design Diversity Experiment (DEDIX) system: A distributed testbed for multiple-version software (1986)

To establish a long-term research facility for experimental investigations of design diversity as a means of achieving fault-tolerant systems, a distributed testbed for multiple-version software was designed. It is part of a local network, which utilizes the Locus distributed operating system to operate a set of 20 VAX 11/750 computers. It is used in experiments to measure the efficacy of design diversity and to investigate reliability increases under large-scale, controlled experimental conditions.
Association of Age, Stature, and Education With Ocular Dimensions in an Older White Population (2009)

In this older white population, age and sex variations in ocular dimensions are partially explained by differences in stature and education.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Fluorinated Polyesters (2000)

Abstract The biocatalytic synthesis of fluorinated polyesters from activated diesters and fluorinated diols has been investigated. The effects of time, continuous enzyme addition, enzyme concentration, and diol chain length were studied to determine the factors that would limit chain extension, such as enzyme inactivation, enzyme specificity, the equilibrium position for the reaction, hydrolytic side reactions, and polymer precipitation. An enzyme screen demonstrated that only Novozym 435, an immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica , was effective in producing the fluorinated polyester. Molecular weight and polydispersity analyses were performed by means of gel permeation chromatography. End group analysis was accomplished through the use of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy. Polymer molecular weight steadily increased and then leveled off after approximately 30 h, with a weight average molecular weight of approximately 1773. The majority of the polymer chains were terminated with either hydroxyl or vinyl groups. Polymers that were synthesized from bulk monomers had higher molecular weights, but high enzyme concentrations were required. Enzyme specificity toward shorter chain fluorinated diols appeared to be the governing factor in limiting chain growth. However, polymer molecular weight increased further ( M w = 8094) when a fluorinated diol that contained an additional methylene spacer between the fluorine atoms and hydroxyl groups was used.
Structure and transport properties of current-perpendicular-to-plane spin valves using Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 and Co2MnSi Heusler alloy electrodes (2010)

We report the structure and transport properties of current-perpendicular-to-plane spin valves (CPP SVs) with Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 (CFAS) or Co2MnSi (CMS) Heusler alloy magnetic layers and an Ag or Cu spacer layer. A multilayer stack of sub/Cr/Ag/Heusler/(Ag or Cu)/ Heusler/Co75Fe25/Ir22Mn78/Ru was deposited on a MgO(001) single crystalline substrate by magnetron sputtering. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed epitaxial growth from the substrate to the top Heusler layer. The CPP SV with a CFAS/Ag/CFAS trilayer showed relatively large magnetoresistance (MR) ratios of 12% at room temperature and 31% at 12 K, with monotonous temperature dependence. However, the MR values of the SV with the CMS/Ag/CMS trilayer showed a different temperature dependence with a maximum value of 22% at 100 K. This might be related to the 90° couplings between the two CMS layers.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Immunotargeting of Antigen xCT Attenuates Stem-like Cell Behavior and Metastatic Progression in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immunofluorescence analysis of xCT expression in human tissues&lt;/p&gt;
hIL‐7‐hyFc, A Long‐Acting IL‐7, Increased Absolute Lymphocyte Count in Healthy Subjects (2020)

A low lymphocyte count puts immune-compromised patients at risk of mortality. hIL-7-hyFc is a homodimeric interleukin-7 (IL-7), a potent T-cell amplifier, fused to the hybridizing IgD/IgG4 immunoglobulin domain. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, phase I study to assess the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity profiles of hIL-7-hyFc administered s.c. and i.m. to healthy volunteers. Thirty subjects randomly received hIL-7-hyFc or its matching placebo in an 8:2 ratio at 20, 60 μg/kg s.c., or 60 μg/kg i.m. The hIL-7-hyFc was slowly absorbed and its terminal half-life was 63.26 hours after i.m. administration. The hIL-7-hyFc increased absolute lymphocyte count, mostly in T-cells, which peaked 3 weeks after administration and then lasted for several additional weeks. The hIL-7-hyFc was well-tolerated after a single s.c. and i.m. administration. Injection site reaction was the most common treatment-emergent adverse event, which resolved spontaneously without treatment. The hIL-7-hyFc can be developed into a beneficial treatment option for patients with compromised T-cell immunity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02860715.
Questioning Old Assumptions (2011)

Abstract The goal of this chapter is to re-examine research and theory on impression management by examining alternatives to the trait-realist perspective on personality. By examining alternatives lenses on personality and faking, it is hoped this will spur new directions for theory and research on faking. This chapter briefly summarizes existing research on impression management and response distortion and, second, discuss the need and associated benefits of a shift to alternate theoretical perspectives, with an emphasis on the identity theory and social-cognitive perspectives. This chapter focuses the discussion on two recent theoretical perspectives; the Personality and Role Identity Structural Model (PRISM) and Behavioral Process Model of Personalty (BPMP). Finally, this chapter identifies future directions for research on faking.
ChemGPS‐NP Mapping of Chemical Compounds for Prediction of Anticancer Mode of Action (2009)

Abstract A combined graph describing the growth inhibition values from a number of human cancer cell lines represents an activity profile for a compound. The fact that compounds with similar activity profiles often show similar Mode of Action (MOA) has frequently been used in prediction of MOA. Obtaining the profiles is demanding with respect to both time and resources. Therefore, as a work and time efficient alternative, we explore the central premise of medicinal chemistry that structurally similar molecules often have similar biological activity. In this study we investigate correlations between chemical structure and MOA, and subsequently use this as a complementing basis for prediction. The correlations between MOA and activity profile on one hand and between MOA and chemical structure on the other were analyzed for anticancer agents, classified with regard to MOA, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), chemographic mapping with ChemGPS‐NP, and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS‐DA). The compounds clustered according to MOA both based on chemical structures and activity profiles. The subsequent validation with external test sets showed that initial PCA scores prediction or chemographic mapping followed by OPLS‐DA could be used for the prediction of MOA as well as identification of novel MOAs in a highly accurate way. An efficient and straight forward procedure for the prediction of MOA of anticancer agents is suggested. With today's resistance problems in cancer therapy, there is a need for new anticancer agents and mechanisms. We believe that the fast initial virtual guidance this procedure implies, especially the novel step using ChemGPS‐NP, could be of general use in early stages of cancer research.
Potential antitumor agents. 56. Minimal DNA-intercalating ligands as antitumor drugs: phenylquinoline-8-carboxamides (1988)

A series of isomeric phenylquinoline-8-carboxamides have been synthesized and evaluated as antitumor agents. This configuration is close to the minimum chromophore required for intercalative binding, since the binding mode of the compounds is dependent on the presence and position of the phenyl ring. If the ring is appended at the 4- or 5-position, it cannot lie within the DNA-intercalation site, and the compounds do not intercalate as shown by both unwinding and helix extension assays. In contrast, the 2-, 3-, and 6-phenyl isomers (where the phenyl ring lies coplanar with the quinoline and in the intercalation site) bind by intercalation. Only those isomers that intercalate show in vivo antitumor activity, with the 2-phenyl derivative in particular possessing broad-spectrum activity in both leukemia and solid-tumor assays.
Disabling Gβγ SNARE interaction in transgenic mice disrupts GPCR-mediated presynaptic inhibition leading to physiological and behavioral phenotypes (2018)

ABSTRACT G i/o -coupled G-protein coupled receptors modulate neurotransmission presynaptically through inhibition of exocytosis. Release of Gβγ subunits decreases the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC), decreasing excitability. A less understood Gβγ–mediated mechanism downstream of calcium entry is the binding of Gβγ to SNARE complexes. Here, we create a mouse partially deficient in this interaction. SNAP25Δ3 homozygote animals are developmentally normalbut impaired gait and supraspinal nociception. They also have elevated stress-induced hyperthermia and impaired inhibitory postsynaptic responses to α 2A -AR, but normal inhibitory postsynaptic responses to G i/o -coupled GABA B receptor activation. SNAP25Δ3 homozygotes have deficits in inhibition of hippocampal postsynaptic responses to 5 HT 1b agonists that affect hippocampal learning. These data suggest that G i/o -coupled GPCR inhibition of exocytosis through the Gβγ-SNARE interaction is a crucial component of numerous physiological and behavioral processes.
Missense mutations in COL8A2, the gene encoding the alpha2 chain of type VIII collagen, cause two forms of corneal endothelial dystrophy (2001)

Corneal clarity is maintained by its endothelium, which functions abnormally in the endothelial dystrophies, leading to corneal opacification. This group of conditions includes Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy of the cornea (FECD), one of the commonest indications for corneal transplantation performed in developed countries, posterior polymorphous dystrophy (PPCD) and the congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophies (CHED). A genome-wide search of a three-generation family with early-onset FECD demonstrated significant linkage with D1S2830 (Z(max) = 3.72, theta = 0.0). Refinement of the critical region defined a 6-7 cM interval of chromosome 1p34.3-p32 within which lies the COL8A2 gene. This encodes the 703 amino acid alpha2 chain of type VIII collagen, a short-chain collagen which is a component of endothelial basement membranes and which represented a strong candidate gene. Analysis of its coding sequence defined a missense mutation (gln455lys) within the triple helical domain of the protein in this family. Mutation analysis in patients with FECD and PPCD demonstrated further missense substitutions in familial and sporadic cases of FECD as well as in a single family with PPCD. This is the first description of the molecular basis of any of the corneal endothelial dystrophies or of mutations in type VIII collagen in association with human disease. This suggests that the underlying pathogenesis of FECD and PPCD may be related to disturbance of the role of type VIII collagen in influencing the terminal differentiation of the neural crest derived corneal endothelial cell.
The impact of scaling on hot-carrier degradation and supply voltage of deep-submicron NMOS transistors (2002)

An experimental study of hot carrier degradation and power supply voltage scaling of deep-submicron NMOS devices is presented. Devices were optimized for processes with design rule between 2 mu m and 0.17 mu m. Charge pumping measurements showed that the lifetime based on interface state generation in the devices was determined only by I/sub sub//I/sub d/ and the drain current. It did not depend on gate length, oxide thickness, and substrate doping. The lifetime (determined by shifts in the maximum linear transconductance) of the devices with minimum gate length of different processes fall on a single life in plots of tau *I/sub d/ versus I/sub sub//I/sub d/. This behavior can be explained by the impact of interface damage on the transistor parameters of these devices. Light emission spectra and device simulation showed that nonlocal carrier heating becomes important for devices from deep-submicron processes. As a result the power supply voltage is almost independent of design rule for the deep-submicron process (V/sub dd/<or=2.5 V).<<ETX>>
ChemInform Abstract: THE OLEFIN METATHESIS‐TRANSANNULAR ENE SEQUENCE: A METHOD FOR THE STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF TRANS‐DECALIN DERIVATIVES. 2. FORMAL EUDESMANE SYNTHESES (1980)

Abstract Bei der Thermolyse der Addukte (I) aus Cyclohexenonen und 1‐Carbomethoxycyclobuten entstehen über die z.Tl. isolierbaren Zwischenstufen (II) die Methylendecalin‐carbonsäureester (III).