gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Results From a First‐in‐Human Study of BNZ‐1, a Selective Multicytokine Inhibitor Targeting Members of the Common Gamma (γc) Family of Cytokines (2019)

Pathologic roles of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-9, and IL-15, have been implicated in multiple T-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. BNZ-1 is a selective and simultaneous inhibitor of IL-2, IL-9, and IL-15, which targets the common gamma chain signaling receptor subunit. In this first-in-human study, 18 healthy adults (n = 3/cohort) received an intravenous dose of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, or 6.4 mg/kg infused over ≤5 minutes on day 1 and were followed for 30 days for safety and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic sample collection. No dose-limiting toxicities, infusion reactions, or serious or severe treatment-emergent adverse events were observed. Headache was the only treatment-emergent adverse event in >1 subject (n = 3). Peak and total BNZ-1 exposure was generally dose proportional, with a terminal elimination half-life of ∼5 days. Pharmacodynamic effects of BNZ-1 on regulatory T cells (Tregs, IL-2), natural killer (NK) cells (IL-15) and CD8 central memory T cells (Tcm, IL-15) were measured by flow cytometry and used to demonstrate target engagement. For Tregs, 0.2 mg/kg was an inactive dose, while a maximum ∼50% to 60% decrease from baseline was observed on day 4 after doses of 0.4 to 1.6 mg/kg, and higher doses produced an 80% to 93% decrease from baseline on day 15. Similar pharmacodynamic trends were observed for natural killer cells and CD8 Tcm, although decreases in CD8 Tcm were more prolonged. These subpopulations returned to/toward baseline by day 31. T cells (total, CD4, and CD8), B cells, and monocytes were unchanged throughout. These preliminary results suggest that BNZ-1 safely and selectively inhibits IL-2 and IL-15, which results in robust, reversible immunomodulation.
Resolvent Analysis of Laminar Separation Bubble on Eppler 387 Airfoil (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3572.vid By actively controlling laminar separation from the suction surface of low-pressure turbine blades, the blade loading can be increased. An increased loading allows for more power to be extracted. Alternatively the parts count can be lowered to extract the same power at a lower overall weight. Active flow control can be made more effective and efficient if the actuator type and location as well as forcing frequency are chosen well. The resolvent analysis, which is also referred to as input/output analysis, provides the optimal forcing and response modes as well as the associated frequencies and gains which makes it well suited for the design of active flow control strategies. Large-eddy simulations of the flow over an E387 airfoil were carried out for a chord Reynolds number of 100,000. For an angle of attack of zero degrees, the suction side boundary layer separates laminar to form a large separation bubble. With 1% freestream turbulence intensity, the boundary layer reattaches earlier and the length of the separated region is in better agreement with measurements by Marks et al. A resolvent analysis suggests that forcing immediately upstream of separation with an angular frequency of 50 (based on freestream velocity and chord length) will excite a shear-layer mode and provide the maximum input-response gain. Guided by the resolvent analysis, active flow control by wall-normal blowing and suction through a spanwise slot was then implemented in the simulation. Forcing introduces laminar two-dimensional “rollers” that effectively suppress separation. Without freestream turbulence, transition occurs close to the trailing edge. With freestream turbulence, the flow transitions further upstream and the active flow control is less effective.
Sur le système ternaire K+H+NO3−H2O (1962)

Abstract (1) Nous avons étudié la solubilité du nitrate de potassium dans des mélanges d'eau et d'acide nitrique aux températures de 0°, 25° et 50°.
Technology for an increased portion of fine ore in the COREX® process (2000)

COREX ® is a smelting reduction process based on lumpy ore and coal. The fine‐ore portion in the ore burden charged into the reduction shaft is limited to about 5% to secure uniform gas penetration and stable operation of the reduction shaft. Fine‐ore injection into the COREX ® process, as it has been developed jointly by VAI (VOEST‐ALPINE Industrieanlagenbau GmbH, Austria), RIST (Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Korea) and POSCO (Pohang Iron and Steel Company Ltd., Korea) since 1992, offers the potential to use up to 25% of fine‐ore and iron‐containing fines in the COREX ® process, which leads to an increased flexibility, to an enlarged capacity, and to improved economics of the COREX ® process. Additionally, it allows the use of ore fines from material handling and the direct use of iron‐bearing fines of the metallurgical plant. Lab scale, cold and hot bench scale tests were used to assess the physical and the metallurgical behaviour of ore fines under process conditions. An industrial‐scale pilot plant designed according to the findings of these tests was attached to the COREX ® C‐2000 plant of POSCO. The results of test campaigns on this plant are discussed and the economic benefits for the COREX ® process are depicted.
Microstructural Evolution in 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel during Friction Stir Welding (2008)

The characteristics of microstructures in friction stir (FS) weld of 304 austenitic stainless steel were examined. The stir zone (SZ) and thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) showed dynamically recrystallized and recovered microstructures, respectively. The hardness of the SZ was higher than that of the base material and the maximum hardness was located in the TMAZ. The higher hardness in TMAZ was attributed to high density of dislocations and sub-boundaries. Electron microscopic observations revealed that ferrite and sigma phases were formed in austenite matrix in the SZ during friction stir welding (FSW).
Radikalische C‐C‐Bindungsknüpfung durch photoelektronentransferkatalysierte Addition von α‐Silylcarbamaten an acceptorsubstituierte Alkene (1995)

α‐Silylcarbamate sind geeignete Vorläufer für C‐Radikale . Die Silylgruppenabspaltung gelingt dabei leicht durch photosensibilisierte oxidative Fragmentierung und kann zur ET‐katalysierten intermolekularen C‐C‐Bindungsknüpfung genutzt werden. Gleichung (a) zeigt ein Beispiel (A = Acceptor, Tms = Trimethyl‐silyl). magnified image
Matrix metalloproteinases and Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in gingival crevicular fluids of periodontitis patients (2004)

Periodontitis is characterized by the loss of connective tissue attachment between the root and the supporting alveolar bone. One group of enzymes thought to be important in this degradative process is the matrix metalloproteinase family(MMPs). Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) are thought to be the main proteinase of tissue destruction in periodontal diseases and other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases and cancer(Birkendal-Hansen 1993). MMP activity is inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase(TIMPs), which are produced by host cells(Woessner 1991). The role of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases may be to tightly control metalloproteinases activity both at the level of gene expression, activation and subsequent substrate degradation. The tissue degradation is further thought to be induced by an imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs(Nomura et al. 1993). Metalloproteinases are mainly synthesized by connective tissue cells and also be synthesized by hemopoietic cells, including monocytes, macrophages, keratinocytes, endothelial cells and many types of tumor cells. The family of MMPs has major subgroups, the interstitial collagenases(MMP1,-8,and-13), the gelatinases(MMP-2 and -9), the stromelysins(MMP-3, -10, -11) and the membrane bound group(MMP-14,-15, -16,-17). Other groups are matrilysin(MMP-7) and metalloelastase(MMP12). The purpose of this study is to determine whether specific MMPs(-1,-2,-3,-8,-9,-13) and TIMPs(-1,-2) are present more in GCF of periodontitis patients than in that of healthy patients by using ELISA assays, and whether the results of these assays have relationship with periodontal probing depth and GI scores, which are the most useful methods in evaluating periodontal status and identify the degrees of periodontal disease in periodontititis patients.
Stator Temperature Estimation Considering Model Missmatching for AC Speed Servo System Without Temperature Sensor (2019)

This paper proposes a new compensation method for estimating temperature using a voltage disturbance observer. In conventional resistance estimation method is weekness to other parameter variations in SPMSM, because it is for estimating position control system. In addition, offline compensate method is hard, because rotor flux and inductance are changing depending on temperature. Hence, we proposed a method to estimate the temperature based on the motor model without the influence of back electromotive force. However, problems such as voltage disturbances arise, because the system didnot consider the inductance variation depending on temperature. This paper proposes a new method to compensate these disturbances and confirm its effectiveness by experiments.
RecombinantSaccharomyces Cerevisiaeas New Drug Delivery System to Gut: In Vitro Validation and Oral Formulation (2010)

Abstract The development of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology has allowed the emergence of novel applications such as drug production directly in the human digestive environment (“in situ”) by ingested living recombinant microorganisms. Genetically engineered microorganisms offer several advantages over classical dosage forms, such as protection of active compounds and regulation of gene expression. This article focuses on the concept and applications of biodrug, scientific feasibility of biodrug concept using yeast as vector, and oral formulation of recombinant yeasts.
Metabolic control of respiratory levels in coenzyme Q biosynthesis‐deficient Escherichia coli strains leading to fine‐tune aerobic lactate fermentation (2015)

A novel strategy to finely control the electron transfer chain (ETC) activity of Escherichia coli was established. In this study, the fine-tuning of the ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway was applied to further controlling ETC function in coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis-deficient E. coli strains, HW108 and HW109, which contain mutations in ubiE and ubiG, respectively. A competing pathway on the intermediate substrates of the Q8 synthesis pathway, catalyzed by diphosphate:4-hydroxybenzoate geranyltransferase (PGT-1) of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, was introduced into these mutant strains. A nearly theoretical yield of lactate production can be achieved under fully aerobic conditions via an in vivo, genetically fine-tunable means to further control the activity of the ETC of the Q8 biosynthesis-deficient E. coli strains.
Degradation of (In)AlGaN-Based UVB LEDs and Migration of Hydrogen (2019)

We report on the degradation of the electro-optical parameters of (In)AlGaN-based ultraviolet-B light-emitting diodes (LEDs) stressed at a constant dc current of 100 mA and the simultaneous change in the depth profile of the hydrogen (H) concentration during operation. The optical power of the LEDs decreased to ~45% of its initial value after 10 h of operation and saturated for longer operation times. In addition, the drive voltage dropped in about the first 10 h of operation and gradually increased in the following operation time. The possible changes in the impurity distribution in the LEDs during operation have been studied by means of secondary-ion-mass spectrometry of the magnesium (Mg) and the H depth profiles after 10 and 100 h of operation. We could not resolve any significant change in the Mg profile. In contrast, after 10 h of operation, the H concentration in the electron-blocking layer (EBL), p-side, and active region significantly reduced, and the H formed two concentration peaks close to the active region and deeper in the n-side. After 100 h, the H concentration in the EBL and p-side did not change, but the H in the n-side propagated further away from the pn junction. A degradation mechanism is proposed, which includes the breaking of atomic bonds of the H-containing defect complexes and the migration of H atoms during operation.
Mechanisms of recovery from viral infections: destruction of infected cells by neutrophils and complement. (1980)

Highly enriched populations of bovine neutrophils (PMN) were able to destroy herpesvirus-infected cells when in the presence of C. This mechanism of cytotoxicity was termed C-dependent neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity (CDNC). To demonstrate CDNC required viable PMN, an active source of C, and a target cell expressing viral antigens. Noninfected cells were not susceptible to lysis. Several approaches were used to exclude the presence of antibody as an explanation for the cytotoxicity observed. In a comparison of the effectiveness of different cell types at mediating CDNC, PMN were more effective than macrophages, and lymphocytes were without activity. The results was discussed in terms of the possible in vivo significance of the neutrophil as a cell type capable of mediating recovery from infection, since if a mechanism similar to CDNC occurs in vivo, this could play a role in defense before the time when protective levels of antibody and immune cells are generated.
Refinement of the Pressure Assay for Milk Urea Nitrogen (2000)

We report improvements in the application of a pressure-based assay for urea. The assay involved the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea and subsequent measurement of CO2 partial pressure. Effects of the preservative bronopol on the assay and their implications for laboratory applications are discussed. A method of remediating these effects with cysteine is described. A method is also described wherein these additives can be used to prepare standards of known urea concentration in milk. The improved assay can be used to measure urea N in unadulterated milk or in bronopol preserved milk with an accuracy of +/-0.7 mg/dl (0.25 mM) in the range from 0 to 30 mg/dl (0 to 10.7 mM).
A Stochastic Formulation of the Resolution of Identity: Application to Second Order Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory (2017)

A stochastic orbital approach to the resolution of identity (RI) approximation for 4-index 2-electron electron repulsion integrals (ERIs) is presented. The stochastic RI-ERIs are then applied to Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) utilizing a \textit{multiple stochastic orbital approach}. The introduction of multiple stochastic orbitals results in an $N^3$ scaling for both the stochastic RI-ERIs and stochastic RI-MP2. We demonstrate that this method exhibits a small prefactor and an observed scaling of $N^{2.4}$ for a range of water clusters, already outperforming MP2 for clusters with as few as 21 water molecules.
Efficient measurement of the percolation threshold for fully penetrable discs (2000)

We study the percolation threshold for fully penetrable discs by measuring the average location of the frontier for a statistically inhomogeneous distribution of fully penetrable discs. We use two different algorithms to efficiently simulate the frontier, including the continuum analogue of an algorithm previously used for gradient percolation on a square lattice. We find that c = 0.676 339 0.000 004, thus providing an extra significant digit of accuracy to this constant.
Selective gas adsorption in a magnesium-based metal–organic framework (2009)

A doubly interpenetrated magnesium-based porous metal-organic framework exhibits thermal stability up to 500 degrees C and selective gas sorption properties for H2 and O2 gases over N2, and CO2 gas over CH4.
Correction: 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 activates host peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) to promote Cryptococcus neoformans growth during infection (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007597.].
The BlueGene/L Supercomputer (2002)

The architecture of the BlueGene/L massively parallel supercomputer is described. Each computing node consists of a single compute ASIC plus 256 MB of external memory. The compute ASIC integrates two 700 MHz PowerPC 440 integer CPU cores, two 2.8 Gflops floating point units, 4 MB of embedded DRAM as cache, a memory controller for external memory, six 1.4 Gbit/s bi-directional ports for a 3-dimensional torus network connection, three 2.8 Gbit/s bi-directional ports for connecting to a global tree network and a Gigabit Ethernet for I/O. 65,536 of such nodes are connected into a 3-d torus with a geometry of 32x32x64. The total peak performance of the system is 360 Teraflops and the total amount of memory is 16 TeraBytes.
Three-Dimensional reconstruction of the synaptonemal complex from pachytene maize meiocytes using Electron Microscopy tomography (1993)

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a structure involved in the synapsis of homologous chromosomes during the prophase I stage of meiosis. Although the exact function of the complex is unknown, it has been suggested that one possible role might be to promote recombination by ensuring close synapsis of the homologous chromosomes. In addition, it is thought that the SC may also be required to convert the resulting recombination events into functional chiasmata to provide for proper chromosome segregation at the end of the first stage of meiosis. The SC structure itself is highly conserved across a variety of species. The organization of the SC is tripartite consisting of lateral, central and transverse elements. Two-dimensional cytological observations have been made to characterize the general features of these SC components. The lateral elements are 300 - 500 Å wide proteinaceous structures which flank the synapsed regions of the chromosome bivalent. Between the two lateral elements is a central region containing the central element commonly characterized as a less dense amorphous structure.
Experimental evaluation on 5G radio access employing multi-user MIMO at 15 GHz band (2017)

This paper presents indoor and outdoor experimental results on the achievable throughput for downlink 8-by-16 multi user (MU)-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) using 2 sets of user equipment (UE) and carrier aggregation with 8 component carriers in various measurement areas for 5G radio access. In the presence of four centralized antenna units, the throughput performance is evaluated using the implemented 5G testbed for MU-MIMO operation. The experimental results show that the peak system throughput of 18.6 Gbps and 25.9 Gbps are achieved in indoor and outdoor environments. Furthermore, we confirm that to avoid interference a vertical angle exceeding 18 deg. or a horizontal angle exceeding 10.7 deg. is required between UEs to achieve the throughput of 12 Gbps for a UE when employing MU-MIMO in an outdoor open space.
Using DNNs to Detect Materials in a Room based on Sound Absorption. (2019)

The materials of surfaces in a room play an important room in shaping the auditory experience within them. Different materials absorb energy at different levels. The level of absorption also varies across frequencies. This paper investigates how cues from a measured impulse response in the room can be exploited by machines to detect the materials present. With this motivation, this paper proposes a method for estimating the probability of presence of 10 material categories, based on their frequency-dependent absorption characteristics. The method is based on a CNN-RNN, trained as a multi-task classifier. The network is trained using a priori knowledge about the absorption characteristics of materials from the literature. In the experiments shown, the network is tested on over 5,00 impulse responses and 167 materials. The F1 score of the detections was 98%, with an even precision and recall. The method finds direct applications in architectural acoustics and in creating more parsimonious models for acoustic reflections.
Supplementary Methods from Efficacy of BET Bromodomain Inhibition in Kras-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods - PDF file 201K, Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Hankel transform-domain analysis of scattered fields in multilayer planar waveguides and lasers with circular gratings (2003)

Radiation patterns of scattered fields with arbitrary azimuthal orders in multilayer planar waveguides and laser cavities with circularly symmetric gratings are formulated based on the volume current method. Full-wave Green's function analysis based on the integral transform method lies at the heart of this approach. Unlike the conventional approach, the dyadic Green's function relates some auxiliary fields to some auxiliary sources in the spectral domain. These auxiliary functions are defined to facilitate the spectral domain formulation in the cylindrical coordinate system and the use of transfer matrix method for obtaining a closed-form solution of the spectral Green's function in multilayer planar structures. More importantly, it is shown that the far-field pattern of the scattered field can be expressed directly in terms of the auxiliary fields in the Hankel transform domain.
Electrochemical Formation of a Covalent–Ionic Stage-1 Graphite Intercalation Compound with Trifluoroacetic Acid (2021)

A pure stage-1 graphite intercalation compound (GIC) has been prepared by the electrochemical oxidation of graphite in trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH). During the CF3COOH-GIC formation, covalent as well as ionic bonds between the trifluoroacetic acid and graphite layers are formed. Electrochemical reduction of the stage-1 GIC leads to the deintercalation of ionically bonded intercalate, yielding the stage-2 covalent GIC. The interlayer spacing is 8.10 Å for stage-1 and 11.62 Å for stage-2 GIC. Further electrochemical oxidation of stage-1 CF3COOH-GIC does not lead to the exfoliation of the GIC product, and the GIC has relatively high stability in air.
Developments in Separation/Recovery Technology for Papers and Plastics by Electrostatic Separation (1999)

紙類とプラスチックスの混合廃棄物から, これらを相互に分離回収する方法を開発した。本方法は, 紙類に導電性を付与する吸湿処理工程と, 導電性を帯びた紙類と, 絶縁性を保持したプラスチックスとを分離する静電分離工程から構成される。モデル廃棄物による分離実験の結果, 高い回収率, 含有率 (ともに90wt%以上) で, 紙類を回収することができた。
Modeling of HiPco Process for Carbon Nanotube Production (2000)

High-pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco) reactor, developed at Rice University, is used to produce single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) from gas-phase reactions of iron carbonyl and nickel carbonyl in carbon monoxide at high pressures (10 - 100 atm). Computational modeling is used to better understand the HiPco process. In the present model, decomposition of the precursor, metal cluster formation and growth, and carbon nanotube growth are addressed. Decomposition of precursor molecules is necessary to initiate metal cluster formation. The metal clusters serve as catalysts for carbon nanotube growth. Diameter of metal clusters and number of atoms in these clusters are some of the essential information for predicting carbon nanotube formation and growth, which is then modeled by Boudouard reaction (2CO ---> C(s) + CO2) with metal catalysts. The growth kinetic model is integrated with a two-dimensional axisymmetric reactor flow model to predict reactor performance.
CanariCam: The GTC´s Multimode Mid-Infrared Camera for Day One (2003)

We describe the general features of CanariCam, the mid-infrared camera for the GTC. CanariCam will provide outstanding sensitivity in four different science modes of operation: diffraction-limited imaging, moderate resolution grating spectroscopy, dual-beam polarimetry, and coronography.