gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathogenese des Postvagotomie-Syndroms (1976)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Charakterisierung der potentiellen Lebertoxizität und tumorspezifischen Apoptoseinduktion durch eine kombinierte TRAIL/Bortezomib-Behandlung gastrointestinaler Tumore (2007)

Als Mitglied der TNF-Superfamilie induziert TRAIL (Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) Apoptose in Tumorzellen, nicht jedoch in den meisten gesunden Geweben. Allerdings erwiesen sich eine Vielzahl von Tumorzelllinien und insbesondere primäre Tumorzellen als TRAIL-resistent. Dies erfordert die tumorspezifische Sensitivierung für TRAIL-induzierte Apoptose unter Vermeidung toxischer Nebenwirkungen auf gesunde Zellen. Bortezomib (Velcade®), der erste klinisch eingesetzte Proteasomeninhibitor, sensitiviert Tumorzellen für TRAIL. Wir verglichen die tumorizide Wirksamkeit von Bortezomib in Kombination mit TRAIL in Pankreas-, Leber-, und Kolonkarzinomzelllinien im Vergleich zur Toxizität in primären gesunden humanen Hepatozyten. Hohe, jedoch klinisch relevante Konzentrationen von Bortezomib sensitivierten primäre Hepatozyten für TRAIL-induzierte Apoptose, wodurch die klinische Anwendbarkeit eingeschränkt würde. Allerdings zeigten niedrige Konzentrationen Bortezomib eine effektive tumorspezifische TRAIL-Sensitivierung sowie eine deutliche Verminderung des klonogenen Überlebens von Tumorzellen, ohne gesunde Leberzellen zu schädigen. Dies eröffnet ein therapeutisches Fenster für eine zukünftige Anwendung dieser Kombination. Durch siRNA-Versuche und funktionelle Experimente konnten wir eine Beteiligung der Bortezomib-induzierten TRAIL-R1/TRAIL-R2-Hochregulation mit verstärkter TRAIL-DISC-Bildung, der Reduktion von cFLIPL und des pro-apoptotischen Bcl-2-Familienmitglieds Bak als ursächlich für die TRAIL-Sensitivierung in Tumorzellen belegen. Bim, welches nach Bortezomib-Behandlung in Tumorzellen akkumuliert, spielt als pro-apoptotisches Protein für die Sensitivierung keine ursächliche Rolle. Zusammenfassend konnten wir das therapeutische Fenster für eine effiziente tumorspezifische Apoptoseinduktion in gastroenterologischen Tumorzellen weiter definieren.
Combined Radiomic and Visual Assessment for Improved Detection of Lung Adenocarcinoma Invasiveness on Computed Tomography Scans: A Multi-Institutional Study (2022)

Addition of advanced image analysis <i>via</i> radiomics to the routine visual assessment of CT scans help better differentiate adenocarcinoma subtypes and can aid in clinical decision making. Further prospective validation in this direction is warranted.
Spectroscopic analysis of high electric field enhanced ionization in laser filaments in air for corona guiding (2016)

We report on a systematic experimental study on the fluorescence spectra produced from a femtosecond laser filament in air under a high electric field. The electric field alone was strong enough to create corona discharge (CD). Fluorescence spectra from neutral and ionic air molecules were measured and compared with pure high-voltage CD and pure laser filamentation (FIL). Among them, high electric field assisted laser FIL produced nitrogen fluorescence more efficiently than either pure CD or pure FIL processes. The nonlinear enhancement of fluorescence from the interaction of the laser filament and corona discharging electric field resulted in a more efficient ionization along the laser filament zone, which was confirmed by the spectroscopic measurement of both ionization-induced fluorescence and plasma-scattered 800 nm laser pulses. This is believed to be the key precursor process for filament-guided discharge.
How to Accurately Measure Low Sonic Boom or Model Surface Pressure in Supersonic Wind Tunnels (2012)

R 3/4 scaling. Methodology being developed for general acoustic (linear) ray spreading was applied to sonic boom and (non- linear: required for large initial sonic boom overpressure) aging was applied separately. Acoustic conical ray spreading meant a slower amplitude decay that varies with R ½ scaling; therefore, the rest of the observed amplitude decay was due to non-linear aging or stretching of the signature. Measurement distance in a wind tunnel is affected by both aging and acoustic propagation concerns.
Model-Order Reduction of Linear and Weakly Nonlinear Time-Varying RF and Microwave Circuits (2004)

Model-order reduction techniques of RF and microwave linear and weakly nonlinear time-varying circuits are presented. The reduced models capture the memory and linear or weakly nonlinear input-output behavior of the circuit, as well as the matching conditions at the model ports. The reported techniques serve to reduce models of a number of RF and microwave functions such as lumped or distributed linear circuits, small-signal amplifiers, mixers, modulators, etc. The reduced models can be implemented in any simulator using standard library components and can be employed both in frequency and time-domain simulations, demonstrating good agreement and significant reduction of simulation time with respect to the simulation of the complete circuit. The model-order reduction techniques are illustrated through different examples.
Multiomics Characterization of Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Identifies Potential Biomarkers of MEK Inhibitor Sensitivity and Therapeutic Vulnerability (2021)

Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a rare tumor subtype with high case fatality rates in patients with metastatic disease. There is a pressing need to develop effective treatments using newly available preclinical models for therapeutic discovery and drug evaluation. Here, we use multiomics integration of whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics on 14 LGSOC cell lines to elucidate novel biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Comparison of LGSOC cell line data with LGSOC tumor data enabled predictive biomarker identification of MEK inhibitor (MEKi) efficacy, with KRAS mutations found exclusively in MEKi-sensitive cell lines and NRAS mutations found mostly in MEKi-resistant cell lines. Distinct patterns of Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer mutational signatures were identified in MEKi-sensitive and MEKi-resistant cell lines. Deletions of <i>CDKN2A/B</i> and <i>MTAP</i> genes were more frequent in cell lines than tumor samples and possibly represent key driver events in the absence of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations. These LGSOC cell lines were representative models of the molecular aberrations found in LGSOC tumors. For prediction of <i>in vitro</i> MEKi efficacy, proteomic data provided better discrimination than gene expression data. Condensin, minichromosome maintenance, and replication factor C protein complexes were identified as potential treatment targets in MEKi-resistant cell lines. This study suggests that CDKN2A/B or MTAP deficiency may be exploited using synthetically lethal treatment strategies, highlighting the importance of using proteomic data as a tool for molecular drug prediction. Multiomics approaches are crucial to improving our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of LGSOC and applying this information to develop new therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the utility of global multiomics to characterize LGSOC cell lines as research models, to determine biomarkers of MEKi resistance, and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets.
Rapid classification of biological components (2023)

A method is disclosed for analyzing a biological sample by antibody profiling for identifying forensic samples or for detecting the presence of an analyte. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, the analyte is a drug, such as marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, methyltestosterone, or mesterolone. The method involves attaching antigens to the surface of a solid support in a preselected pattern to form an array wherein the locations of the antigens are known; contacting the array with the biological sample such that a portion of antibodies in the sample reacts with and binds to antigens in the array, thereby forming immune complexes; washing away antibodies that do form immune complexes; and detecting the immune complexes, thereby forming an antibody profile. Forensic samples are identified by comparing a sample from an unknown source with a sample from a known source. Further, an assay, such as a test for illegal drug use, can be coupled to a test for identity such that the results of the assay can be positively correlated to the subject's identity.
Structure of the β-Amyloid(10-35) Fibril (2000)

The primary component of the amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly ordered fibril composed of the 39−43 amino acid peptide, β-amyloid (Aβ). The presence of this fibril has been correlated with both the onset and severity of the disease. Using a combination of synthetic model peptides, solid-state NMR, electron microscopy, and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), methods that allowed fibrils to be studied directly both in solution and in the solid state, the three-dimensional structure of fibrils formed from Aβ(10-35) is assigned. The structure consists of six laminated β-sheets propagating and twisting along the fibril axis. Each peptide strand is oriented perpendicular to the helical axis in a parallel β-sheet, with each like amino acid residue in register along the sheet. The six sheets are laminated, probably also in parallel arrays, to give a fibril with dimensions of about 60 × 80 Å. Both the methodology developed and the structural insight gained here lay the foundation for strategies to characterize and design materials capable of amyloid-like self-assembly.
Gradient beam steering device based on a nematic cell with continuous ramp of the phase retardation (2005)

In order to develop a fine angular beam steering technique (milliradian and less), we propose a nematic liquid crystal cell with a continuous gradient of the refractive index. This continuous gradient is controlled by applying the driving voltage to non-patterned indium-tin oxide electrodes. We employed the dual-frequency nematic liquid crystal in the cell with high pretilt alignment. The experiments with dual-frequency nematic confirmed that non-patterned electrically controlled nematic cell with the continuous gradient of refractive index is capable of angular beam steering in the milliradian range.
Compact Parameterization of Nonrepeating FMCW Radar Waveforms (2023)

Spectrally shaped forms of random frequency modulation (RFM) radar waveforms have been experimentally demonstrated for a variety of implementation approaches and applications. Of these, the continuous-wave (CW) perspective is particularly interesting because it enables the prospect of very high signal dimensionality and arbitrary receive processing from a range/Doppler perspective, while also mitigating range ambiguities by avoiding repetition. Here we leverage a modification to the constant-envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CE-OFDM) framework, which was originally proposed for power-efficient communications, to realize a nonrepeating FMCW radar signal that can be represented with a compact parameterization, thereby circumventing memory constraints that could arise for some applications. Experimental loopback and open-air measurements are used to demonstrate this waveform type.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLOADDITION OF DIMETHYLACETYLENE DICARBOXYLATE TO ACTIVATED INDOLES (1978)

Abstract Aus den Indolen (I) erhält man mit Acetylendicarbonester (II) in teilweise reversibler Reaktion die Addukte (III), die thermisch z.Tl. zu (IV) gespalten werden.
Einführung (2004)

Innerhalb des durch das strategische und taktische Management zur Schaffung und Sicherung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen vorgegebenen Rahmens, in welchem u. a. die Geschäfts- bzw. Produktfelder sowie die Potentialfaktorausstattung festgelegt werden, entscheidet die operative Produktionsplanung und -Steuerung auch über die Maschinenbelegung.1Eine spezielle Ausprägung der Maschinenbelegungsplanung bildet das Hauptanwendungsgebiet des im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersuchten Multiprocessor Scheduling-Problems mit reihenfolgeabhängigen Rüstzeiten.
The Impact of ASR on Speech-to-Speech Translation Performance (2007)

This paper reports on experiments to quantify the impact of automatic speech recognition (ASR) in general and discriminatively trained ASR in particular on the machine translation (MT) performance. The minimum phone error (MPE) training method is employed for building the discriminative ASR acoustic models and a weighted finite state transducer (WEST) based method is used for MT. The experiments are performed on a two-way English/dialectal-Arabic speech-to-speech (S2S) translation task in the military/medical domain. We demonstrate the relationship between ASR and MT performance measured by BLEU and human judgment for both directions of the translation. Moreover, we question the use of BLEU metric for assessing the MT quality, present our observations and draw some conclusions.
A robust approach to reverberant blind source separation in the presence of noise for arbitrarily arranged sensors (2012)

Considerable attention has been devoted to the reverberant blind source separation problem: in particular, the concept of time-frequency masking. However, realistic acoustic scenarios often comprise not only reverberation, but also additive noise due to factors such as non-ideal channels. This paper presents robust evaluations of a time-frequency masking approach for separation in such realistic conditions. The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster spatial feature cues into a time-frequency mask. Experimental results demonstrated superiority in separation, with notable improvements in the SNR additionally observed. Not only does this establish the proposed scheme viable for reverberant blind source separation, but also as a credible means of speech enhancement in the presence of additive broadband noise.
Single Shot Digital Holography Using Iterative Reconstruction (2016)

We present an image recovery approach to improve amplitude and phase reconstruction from single shot digital holograms, using iterative reconstruction with alternating updates. This approach allows the flexibility to apply different priors to amplitude and phase, improves phase reconstruction in image areas with low amplitudes, and does not require phase unwrapping for regularization. Phantom simulations and experimental measurements of a grating sample both demonstrate that the proposed method helps to reduce noise and resolve finer features. The improved image reconstruction from this technique will benefit the many applications of digital holography.
Screen for Leukotoxin Mutants in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans : Genes of the Phosphotransferase System Are Required for Leukotoxin Biosynthesis (2008)

Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans is a pathogen that causes localized aggressive periodontitis and extraoral infections including infective endocarditis. Recently, we reported that A. actinomycetemcomitans is beta-hemolytic on certain growth media due to the production of leukotoxin (LtxA). Based on this observation and our ability to generate random transposon insertions in A. actinomycetemcomitans, we developed and carried out a rapid screen for LtxA mutants. Using PCR, we mapped several of the mutations to genes that are known or predicted to be required for LtxA production, including ltxA, ltxB, ltxD, and tdeA. In addition, we identified an insertion in a gene previously not recognized to be involved in LtxA biosynthesis, ptsH. ptsH encodes the protein HPr, a phosphocarrier protein that is part of the sugar phosphotransferase system. HPr results in the phosphorylation of other proteins and ultimately in the activation of adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP (cAMP) production. The ptsH mutant showed only partial hemolysis on blood agar and did not produce LtxA. The phenotype was complemented by supplying wild-type ptsH in trans, and real-time PCR analysis showed that the ptsH mutant produced approximately 10-fold less ltxA mRNA than the wild-type strain. The levels of cAMP in the ptsH mutant were significantly lower than in the wild-type strain, and LtxA production could be restored by adding exogenous cAMP to the culture.
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (Stat6) variants in childhood and adult asthma (2004)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (Stat6) is a key transcription factor involved in interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-1 3-mediated biological responses. Recently, we reported the association between the dinucleotide (GT) repeat polymorphism in the first exon of Stat6 and allergic subjects in a Japanese population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether this GT repeat polymorphism is associated with bronchial asthma, including childhood asthma and atopic and non-atopic adult asthma. Stat6 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment length polymorphism analysis. In the first exon of Stat6, polymorphic PCR products were classified into six alleles (12–17 GT repeats). A significant difference was found in the genotypic frequency of the GT repeat polymorphism between controls and child asthmatics (P = 0.015), but not atopic or non-atopic adult asthma. The frequency of the 15 repeat allele (wild type) was lower in child asthmatics than in controls (P = 0.0047; odds ratio (OR) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-2.23), whereas shorter repeat alleles (12, 13 and 14 GT repeat) were higher in child asthmatics than in controls (P = 0.0064; OR (95%CI) 1.66 (1.15-2.39)). Genetic variations in the Stat6 gene may be associated with a predisposition for childhood asthma.
Preparation of Ni-C<sub></sub> Thin Films for Strain Sensor Applications in New Hybrid Laminates with Thermoplastic Matrix (2015)

Hybrid laminates with thermoplastic matrices offer clear advantages over laminates based on thermosetting resins. These include the formability, recyclability as well as the suitability for mass production, to name a few. The inline integration of smart systems like sensors and actuators in the hybrid laminates during the hot-pressing process is one of the long-term objectives of the Federal Cluster of Excellence MERGE. This work aims to deposit Ni-C thin films by dc magnetron sputtering on polyimide substrates for the application as strain sensors in hybrid laminates. During the first step hybrid laminates containing different polyimide foils were prepared by hot-pressing, this was followed by the mechanical testing and selection of the most suitable polyimide substrate for the Ni-C thin film deposition. The second part consisted of depositing Ni-C thin films by means of dc magnetron sputtering and utilising different Ni-C plug targets. The films were characterised regarding their growth rate, composition, structure and temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
Performance of cryogen-free THz detection and passive imaging systems (2012)

We report the measured performance characteristics of a broadband (0.2 - 10 THz) bolometer instrument based on thin film superconducting technology. The technology is designed for operation both in liquid helium cryostats but also in an electrical cooling platform. We report a number of significant advantages that accrue to superconducting technology compared to semiconductor devices. Single pixel systems are now commercially available, and array devices are in development. We also report the performance of “KIDCAM,” a passive THz imaging camera based on Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKIDs) operating at 250mK. Again no liquid cryogens are consumed. Furthermore the instrument can be automatically operated and remotely controlled and interrogated. Multi-layer mesh filters are an enabling technology, providing both high in-band transmission efficiency and high attenuation of unwanted frequencies - both aspects are crucial to achieve high sensitivity in a large optical throughput instrument. This technology shows great potential for deployment into non-laboratory operating conditions.
Advances in Fan Modeling: Using Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) Approach on Blowers (2011)

Forced convection air-cooled electronic systems utilize fans to sustain air flow through the enclosure. These fans are typically axial flow fans, radial impellers, and centrifugal blowers. When computing flow fields in electronic enclosures, axial fans have traditionally been abstracted as lumped fan models which may or may not be able to capture the necessary details. Under certain conditions, such lumped models may also capture some flow characteristics in the case of impellers and centrifugal blowers. These lumped models comprise a significantly simplified fan geometry, i.e. usually a planar (2-D) rectangular or circular surface with/without an inner (hub) concentric no-flow region for an axial fan or a rectangular prism/cylinder with a planar inlet for blowers/impellers, and a “pressure head-flow rate” (P-Q) curve, which may be supplied by the fan vendor or experimentally derived by the thermal designer. Irrespective of the source, the P-Q curve is obtained from laboratory experiments that conform to the test codes published by societies such as ASME and AMCA. Convenience and accuracy of lumped fan models are dependent on the specific application, cooling method and also the acceptable error margin. The acceptable error margin of the thermal design has shrunk significantly in the last decade. This has caused an interest in more accurate and robust fan modeling techniques such as Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) model which has already been commonly and successfully used in many different industries for a while. In this paper, an attempt was made to provide a validation of the MRF fan modeling applied to different types of fans. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an AMCA standard wind tunnel was used for each of the fans investigated. The P-Q curve obtained from the MRF model is benchmarked against the corresponding experimentally derived P-Q curve. Benefits and limitations of the MRF model are also discussed.
Deep Search Relevance Ranking in Practice (2022)

Machine learning techniques for developing industry-scale search engines have long been a prominent part of most domains and their online products. Search relevance algorithms are key components of products across different fields, including e-commerce, streaming services, and social networks. In this tutorial, we give an introduction to such large-scale search ranking systems, specifically focusing on deep learning techniques in this area. The topics we cover are the following: (1) Overview of search ranking systems in practice, including classical and machine learning techniques; (2) Introduction to sequential and language models in the context of search ranking; and (3) Knowledge distillation approaches for this area. For each of the aforementioned sessions, we first give an introductory talk and then go over an hands-on tutorial to really hone in on the concepts. We cover fundamental concepts using demos, case studies, and hands-on examples, including the latest Deep Learning methods that have achieved state-of-the-art results in generating the most relevant search results. Moreover, we show example implementations of these methods in python, leveraging a variety of open-source machine-learning/deep-learning libraries as well as real industrial data or open-source data.