gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High solids concentration of black liquor. (1985)

As a member of the Research Association of Pulp and Paper Technology established in September, 1982, our group is engaged in improving the technology of high solids concentration of black liquor.Our studies are being carried out according to the following schedule.19831984 : Bench-scale experimemt (120 B.D. kg/hr) 1984 : Construction of pilot plant (417 B.D. kg/hr) 19851986 : Operation of pilot plantDisc Evaporator has been developed in order to obtain high concentration black liquor.By using Disc Evaporator, we have produced 8090% DS black liquor.Boiling point rise and viscosity of high solids black liquor are presented.The economic aspects are roughly considered, because the objective of bench-scale experiment is to identify possible means for concentrating black liquor to higher solids level.Pilot scale studies, in 1985, will define the economy and energy efficiency of Disc Evaporator.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel, Efficient and General Synthetic Route to Unsymmetrical Triphenylene Mesogens Using Palladium‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantitative Developments of Biomolecular Databases, Measurement Methodology, and Comprehensive Transport Models for Bioanalytical Microfluidics (2006)

The goal of this project was the development of novel on-chip assay devices and modeling capabilities to enable optimized design processes and create new methods to realize robust, field-portable microfluidic devices. The team developed, validated and commercialized new multiphysics models to the Bio-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) community (over 50 organizations) through CFD-ACE+. The team further developed rapid (e.g., 1000x faster) biokinetics data extraction methods for antibody assays; and discovered and created models for an electrokinetic instability and used it to create 1000x faster a micromixer. The team developed a novel on-chip assay device that combines isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis to achieve a 2D assay in 1/30th of the time of a traditional system. Lastly, the team developed a method that achieved 1100x fold on-chip electrophoretic sample preconcentration which lead to an additional task focused on developing rapid sample pre-concentration methods to improve on-chip assay. The team developed new codes for eletrokinetic convective-diffusion assays with fast reaction kinetics capability. The team experimentally demonstrated million-fold sample concentration increase (three orders of magnitude improvement), using optimized isotachophoresis.
The effect of longitudinal pre-stretch and radial constraint on the stress distribution in the vessel wall: a new hypothesis. (2005)

It is well known that blood vessels shorten axially when excised. This is due to the perivascular tethering constraint by side branches and the existence of pre-stretch of blood vessels at the in situ state. Furthermore, vessels are radially constrained to various extents by the surrounding tissues at physiological loading. Our hypothesis is that the axial pre-stretch and radial constraint by the surrounding tissue homogenizes the stress and strain distributions in the vessel wall. A finite element analysis of porcine coronary artery and rabbit thoracic aorta based on measured material properties, geometry, residual strain and physiological loading is used to compute the intramural stresses and strains. We systematically examined the effect of pre-stretch and external radial constraint in both vessels. Our results show that both stretching in the axial direction and compression in the radial direction lead to a more homogeneous strain and stress state in the blood vessel wall. A "uniform biaxial strain" hypothesis is proposed for the blood vessel wall and the ramifications are discussed.
Niche Inheritance: A Cooperative Pathway to Enhance Cancer Cell Fitness Through Ecosystem Engineering (2014)

Cancer cells can be described as an invasive species that is able to establish itself in a new environment. The concept of niche construction can be utilized to describe the process by which cancer cells terraform their environment, thereby engineering an ecosystem that promotes the genetic fitness of the species. Ecological dispersion theory can then be utilized to describe and model the steps and barriers involved in a successful diaspora as the cancer cells leave the original host organ and migrate to new host organs to successfully establish a new metastatic community. These ecological concepts can be further utilized to define new diagnostic and therapeutic areas for lethal cancers.
Experimental studies of the liquid-glass transition in trimethylheptane (2000)

The molecular glass former trimethylheptane was studied by calorimetric, dielectric, ultrasonic, neutron scattering, Brillouin scattering, and depolarized light-scattering techniques. The molecular structure appears to be nearly spherical optically as indicated by the low depolarization ratio and dielectric susceptibility values. A preliminary mode-coupling theory (MCT) analysis of the light-scattering and neutron-scattering data indicates that T(C) greater, similar150 K, at least 25 K above T(G). The susceptibility minima were analyzed with the MCT interpolation equation, and disagreement between the light and neutron results was observed despite the apparent isotropy of the molecules.
An intact C-terminal end of albumin is required for its long half-life in humans (2020)

Albumin has an average plasma half-life of three weeks and is thus an attractive carrier to improve the pharmacokinetics of fused therapeutics. The half-life is regulated by FcRn, a cellular receptor that protects against intracellular degradation. To tailor-design the therapeutic use of albumin, it is crucial to understand how structural alterations in albumin affect FcRn binding and transport properties. In the blood, the last C-terminal residue (L585) of albumin may be enzymatically cleaved. Here we demonstrate that removal of the L585 residue causes structural stabilization in regions of the principal FcRn binding domain and reduces receptor binding. In line with this, a short half-life of only 3.5 days was measured for cleaved albumin lacking L585 in a patient with acute pancreatitis. Thus, we reveal the structural requirement of an intact C-terminal end of albumin for a long plasma half-life, which has implications for design of albumin-based therapeutics.
Analysis of Step Voltages in Single Electron Tunneling Devices Using Organic Thin Films (2002)

During the past ten years, electron tunneling devices such as Josephson junctions and single electron tunneling devices have been fabricated using organic thin films, where the successful preparation of polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett (PI LB) films has made a significant contribution. The electrical properties of PI LB films were also examined carefully, and electrostatic phenomena, interfacial phenomena, electrical breakdown behaviors and so on have been elucidated. Based on these studies, the effects of space charge and coupling capacitance upon the operation of single electron tunneling (SET) devices using organic molecules have been investigated. The equation of step voltage is derived taking into account space charge and coupling capacitance, using an equivalent circuit model. It was concluded that knowledge of interfacial phenomena is very important for a better understanding of the operation of such devices.
Glucose-Induced Insulin Hypersecretion in Lipid-Infused Healthy Subjects Is Associated with a Decrease in Plasma Norepinephrine Concentration and Urinary Excretion (2001)

We investigated the effect of a 48 h triglyceride infusion on the subsequent insulin secretion in response to glucose in healthy men. We measured the variations in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of catecholamines as an indirect estimation of sympathetic tone. For 48 h, 20 volunteers received a triglyceride/heparin or a saline solution, separated by a 1-month interval. At time 48 h, insulin secretion in response to glucose was investigated by a single iv glucose injection (0.5 g/kg(-1)) followed by an hyperglycemic clamp (10 mg.kg(-1).min(-1), during 50 min). The triglyceride infusion resulted in a 3-fold elevation in plasma free fatty acids and an increase in insulin and C-peptide plasma concentrations (1.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively, P < 0.05), compared with saline. At time 48 h of lipid infusion, plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration and urinary excretion levels were lowered compared with saline (plasma NE: 0.65 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.06 ng/ml, P < 0.05; urinary excretion: 800 +/- 70 vs. 620 +/- 25 nmol/24 h, P < 0.05). In response to glucose loading, insulin and C-peptide plasma concentrations were higher in lipid compared with saline infusion (plasma insulin: 600 +/- 98 vs. 310 +/- 45 pM, P < 0.05; plasma C-peptide 3.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.2 nM, P < 0.05). In conclusion, in healthy subjects, a 48-h lipid infusion induces basal hyperinsulinemia and exaggerated insulin secretion in response to glucose which may be partly related to a decrease in sympathetic tone.
Alkaloids Isolated from Somatic Hybrid Cell Cultures of the Species CombinationRauwolfia serpentinaxrhazya stricta (1995)

Abstract The phytochemical analyses of a somatic hybrid cell suspension culture of the genus and species combination Rauwolfia serpentina x Rhazya stricta revealed a number of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. The alkaloids were identified as tubotaiwine, an isomeric mixture of vallesiachotamine, stemmadenine and vomilenine and were all produced in small amounts < 2mg/litre cell suspension. The hybrid cells showed a greater diversity of alkaloid biosynthesis when compared with the parental cultures.
Supramolecular approach to the formation of magneto-active physical gels (2012)

Magnetic fibers were obtained through self-assembly of a nitroxide radical gelator derived from an L-isoleucine-based scaffold. Spins in the fibers are aligned one-dimensionally due to the parallel β-sheet conformation of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The spin nanowires exhibit magnetic behavior reproducible by the Bonner–Fisher model.
Fringe‐scan flow cytometry (1988)

We describe the development of a scanning flow cytometer capable of measuring the distribution of fluorescent dye along objects with a spatial resolution of 0.7 micron. The heart of this instrument, called a fringe-scan flow cytometer, is an interference field (i.e., a series of intense planes of illumination) produced by the intersection of two laser beams. Fluorescence profiles (i.e., records showing the intensity of fluorescence measured at 20 ns intervals) are recorded during the passage of objects through the fringe field. The shape of the fringe field is determined by recording light scatter profiles as 0.25 micron diameter microspheres traverse the field. The distribution of the fluorescent dye along each object passing through the fringe field is estimated from the recorded fluorescence profile using Fourier deconvolution. We show that the distribution of fluorescent dye along microsphere doublets and along propidium iodide stained human chromosomes can be determined accurately using fringe-scan flow cytometry. The accuracy of fringe-scan shape analysis was determined by comparing fluorescence profiles estimated from fringe-scan profiles for microspheres and chromosomes with fluorescence profiles for the same objects measured using slit-scan flow cytometry.
A colony assay for in vitro transformation by human T cell leukemia viruses type I and type II (1987)

We report here the development of a rapid and quantitative method for measuring in vitro T cell transformation by human T cell leukemia viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II). This method is based on our finding that cocultivation of lethally irradiated HTLV-producing cells with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) preactivated for 24 hours with phytohemagglutinin and interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces colony formation in methylcellulose-containing medium. Colonies of about 200 cells can be clearly distinguished from background aggregates within four to six days after cocultivation. These colonies gradually increase in size and reach 300 to 1,000 cells within 14 days after cocultivation. Cells of these colonies were infected, as evidenced by expression of viral p19 antigen and the presence of HTLV proviral sequences. These cells proved to be transformed in terms of IL-2-independent continuous growth in liquid medium. Colony formation was found to depend in a linear fashion upon the percentage of the infected cells present in the irradiated cell population and is sufficiently sensitive to detect as few as 1% of virus-producing cells.
Abstract MP258: The Cell Surface Receptors Ror1/2 Control Cardiac Myofibroblast Differentiation (2021)

Background: A hallmark of heart failure is cardiac fibrosis, which results from the injury-induced differentiation response of resident fibroblasts to myofibroblasts that deposit extracellular matrix. During myofibroblast differentiation, fibroblasts progress through polarization stages of early pro-inflammation, intermediate proliferation, and late maturation, but the regulators of this progression are poorly understood. Planar cell polarity receptors, receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1 and 2 (Ror1/2), can function to promote cell differentiation and transformation. In this study, we investigated the role of the Ror1/2 in a model of heart failure with emphasis on myofibroblast differentiation. Methods and Results: The role of Ror1/2 during cardiac myofibroblast differentiation was studied in cell culture models of primary murine cardiac fibroblast activation and in knockout mouse models that underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induce cardiac injury by pressure overload. Expression of Ror1 and Ror2 were robustly and exclusively induced in fibroblasts in hearts after TAC surgery, and both were rapidly upregulated after early activation of primary murine cardiac fibroblasts in culture. Cultured fibroblasts isolated from Ror1/2-KO mice displayed a pro-inflammatory phenotype indicative of impaired myofibroblast differentiation. Although the combined ablation of Ror1/2 in mice did not result in a detectable baseline phenotype, TAC surgery led to the death of all mice by day 6 that was associated with myocardial hyper-inflammation and vascular leakage. Conclusions: Together, these results show that Ror1/2 are essential for the progression of myofibroblast differentiation and for the adaptive remodeling of the heart in response to pressure overload.
Quality of experience provisioned mobile streaming protocol for the hyper-connected Internet of Things devices over the heterogeneous wireless access networks (2016)

5G-based hyper-connected Internet of Things environment is emerging, where various connectivities such as BlueTooth, WiFi, and 3/4/5G are provided. Since they have different communication characteristics, it is difficult to provide the user quality of experience when the handoff takes place according to the movement of the mobile devices between wireless access networks. For solving this problem, we propose a seamless video streaming protocol to satisfy the user quality of experience regardless of handoff. The proposed protocol can dynamically adjust streaming bit rate according to the network condition and also maintain fixed quantity of buffered audio–video data for the stable quality of experience level. The proposed protocol is designed independently of OS versions and CPU performance of terminals, which makes it easy to be implanted in various types of Internet of Things devices. Real-world experimental results show that seamless video streaming service can be guaranteed by carefully predicting the network dynamics over the heterogeneous wireless access networks. The protocol is now commercially deployed for over 5 million Long-Term Evolution subscribers of a South Korea telco, LG U+.
Memory T cells of a patient with follicular thyroid carcinoma recognize peptides derived from mutated p21 ras (Gin → Leu61) (1992)

Point mutations in ras genes resulting in substitutions of amino acid Gly in positions 12 and 13, and Gln in position 61 of the ras gene product p21, are commonly found in human tumors. Peptides derived from aberrant p21 may elicit a tumor specific T cell response, provided that these peptides can bind to HLA molecules of the tumor and the patient has T cells able to recognize the corresponding peptide-HLA complex. Here we report that CD4+ T cells of memory type (CD45RO+) from a patient with a follicular thyroid carcinoma respond against a synthetic peptide derived from aberrant p21 ras having a Gln-->Leu substitution at position 61. Such responses were not observed when T cells from healthy volunteers or cancer patients where this mutation does not usually occur were stimulated with this peptide. The responding T cells did not cross-react with the corresponding peptide derived from native p21 ras nor did they recognize peptides carrying other substitutions in position 61. T cells clones were generated which recognized this Leu61 peptide when presented by HLA-DQ8 molecules. These T cell clones also recognized the corresponding intact p21 ras protein. By using several different synthetic peptides, a peptide with optimal stimulatory capacity was defined. Performing polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide probing we were, however, not able to detect the p21 ras gene encoding the Gln-->Leu substitution in DNA from tumor biopsies from the patient. This may indicate that tumor cells harboring the mutation leading to the Gln-->Leu substitution had been eliminated and that tumor progression was due to cells that had deleted the mutated ras gene. The finding that ras derived peptides and recombinant mutated p21 ras are immunogenic in man may form the basis for the development of cancer immunotherapy based on synthetic oncogene derived peptides.
NIL defect performance toward high volume mass production (2016)

A low cost alternative lithographic technology is desired to meet with the decreasing feature size of semiconductor devices. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is one of the candidates for alternative lithographic technologies. NIL has advantages such as good resolution, critical dimension (CD) uniformity and smaller line edge roughness (LER). 4 On the other hand, NIL involves some risks. Defectivity is the most critical issue in NIL. The progress in the defect reduction on templates shows great improvement recently. In other words, the defect reduction of the NIIL process is a key to apply NIL to mass production. In this paper, we describe the evaluation results of the defect performance of NIL using an up-to-date tool, Canon FPA-1100 NZ2, and discuss the future potential of NIL in terms of defectivity. The impact of various kinds defects, such as the non-filling defect, plug defect, line collapse, and defects on replica templates are discussed. We found that non-fill defects under the resist pattern cause line collapse. It is important to prevent line collapse. From these analyses based on actual NIL defect data on long-run stability, we will show the way to reduce defects and the possibility of NIL in device high volume mass production. For the past one year, we have been are collaborating with SK Hynix to bring this promising technology into mainstream manufacturing. This work is the result of this collaboration.
Local Heat Transfer in Internally Cooled Turbine Airfoil Leading Edge Regions: Part I—Impingement Cooling Without Film Coolant Extraction (1990)

An experimental study has been designed and performed to measure very localized internal heat transfer characteristics in large-scale models of turbine blade impingement-cooled leading edge regions. Cooling is provided by a single line of equally spaced multiple jets, aimed at the leading edge apex and exiting the leading edge region in the opposite or chordwise direction. Detailed two-dimensional local surface Nusselt number distributions have been obtained through the use of aerodynamically steady but thermally transient tests employing temperature-indicating coatings. The thin coatings are sprayed directly on the test surface and are observed during the transient with automated computer vision and data acquisition systems. A wide range of parameter combinations of interest in cooled airfoil practice are covered in the test matrix, including combinations of variations in jet Reynolds number, airfoil leading edge sharpness, jet pitch-to-diameter ratio, and jet nozzle-to-apex travel distance. Measured local Nusselt numbers at each chordwise location back from the stagnation line have been used to calculate both the spanwise average Nusselt number and spanwise Nusselt number gradient as functions of chordwise position. Results indicate general increases in heat transfer with approximately the 0.6 power of jet Reynolds number, increases in heat transfer with decreasing leading edge sharpness as well as with decreasing nozzle-to-apex distance, and increases in spanwise average heat transfer with decreasing jet pitch-to-diameter ratio. The latter increases are accompanied by increases in the spanwise gradient of the heat transfer coefficient. Comparison with available prior results of much coarser spatial resolution shows good agreement and establishes confidence in the use of the results for design purposes and as baseline results for comparison with subsequent experiments involving film cooling bleed.
Bayesian truthing as experimental verification of C4ISR sensors (2015)

In this paper, the general methodology for experimental verification/validation of C4ISR and other sensors’ performance, is presented, based on Bayesian inference, in general, and binary sensors, in particular. This methodology, called Bayesian Truthing, defines Performance Metrics for binary sensors in: physics, optics, electronics, medicine, law enforcement, C3ISR, QC, ATR (Automatic Target Recognition), terrorism related events, and many others. For Bayesian Truthing, the sensing medium itself is not what is truly important; it is how the decision process is affected.
A Novel Benzodiazepine Increases the Sensitivity of B Cells to Receptor Stimulation with Synergistic Effects on Calcium Signaling and Apoptosis (2004)

Bz-423 is a 1,4-benzodiazepine with selective lymphotoxic properties and potent therapeutic activity against lupus-like disease in autoimmune mice. In NZB/W lupus-prone mice, Bz-423 specifically kills germinal center B cells, which are the cells that drive disease both in this model and in human systemic lupus erythematosus. In this report, the mechanistic basis for the selective action of Bz-423 is investigated. We show that Bz-423-induces superoxide as an immediate early response and that this reactive oxygen species is more effective as a second messenger death signal in B cells activated by B cell receptor stimulation compared with resting cells. As a result, low [Bz-423] that are not cytotoxic to non-stimulated cells kill stimulated cells in synergy with anti-immunoglobulin M antibodies. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that Bz-423 extends the rise in intracellular calcium that accompanies anti-immunoglobulin M stimulation, and this effect mediates the synergistic death response. Because B cell hyperactivation and altered calcium signaling is a distinguishing feature of autoreactive lymphocytes in lupus, the mechanism by which Bz-423 induces apoptosis preferentially targets disease-causing cells on the basis of their activation state. Thus, molecules like Bz-423 could form the basis for new and selective anti-lupus agents.