gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spray Flame Synthesis (SFS) of Lithium Lanthanum Zirconate (LLZO) Solid Electrolyte (2021)

A spray-flame reaction step followed by a short 1-h sintering step under O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere was used to synthesize nanocrystalline cubic Al-doped Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZO). The as-synthesized nanoparticles from spray-flame synthesis consisted of the crystalline La<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (LZO) pyrochlore phase while Li was present on the nanoparticles' surface as amorphous carbonate. However, a short annealing step was sufficient to obtain phase pure cubic LLZO. To investigate whether the initial mixing of all cations is mandatory for synthesizing nanoparticulate cubic LLZO, we also synthesized Li free LZO and subsequently added different solid Li precursors before the annealing step. The resulting materials were all tetragonal LLZO (<i>I4<sub>1</sub>/acd</i>) instead of the intended cubic phase, suggesting that an intimate intermixing of the Li precursor during the spray-flame synthesis is mandatory to form a nanoscale product. Based on these results, we propose a model to describe the spray-flame based synthesis process, considering the precipitation of LZO and the subsequent condensation of lithium carbonate on the particles' surface.
Emergence of Escherichia coli critically buckled motile helices under stress (2018)

Bacteria under external stress can reveal unexpected emergent phenotypes. We show that the intensely studied bacterium <i>Escherichia coli</i> can transform into long, highly motile helical filaments poized at a torsional buckling criticality when exposed to minimum inhibitory concentrations of several antibiotics. While the highly motile helices are physically either right- or left-handed, the motile helices always rotate with a right-handed angular velocity [Formula: see text], which points in the same direction as the translational velocity [Formula: see text] of the helix. Furthermore, these helical cells do not swim by a "run and tumble" but rather synchronously flip their spin [Formula: see text] and thus translational velocity-backing up rather than tumbling. By increasing the translational persistence length, these dynamics give rise to an effective diffusion coefficient up to 20 times that of a normal <i>E. coli</i> cell. Finally, we propose an evolutionary mechanism for this phenotype's emergence whereby the increased effective diffusivity provides a fitness advantage in allowing filamentous cells to more readily escape regions of high external stress.
Facilitating discovery on the private web using dataset digests (2010)

Whereas strategies for discovering content on the surface web are commonplace, similar strategies for the private web are non-existent. In this paper, we first establish a general framework for advertising the existence of private web resources that subsumes many existing summarisation strategies, and is based on succinct statistical summaries (which we call digests). We then investigate the trade-off between the data owners' desires to minimise disclosure of sensitive information and the searchers' desires to minimise query error, demonstrating that our techniques are superior to using k-anonymity for that purpose. Finally, we show that our techniques for summarisation do, in fact, make it possible to discover private web data resources.
Depth-Assisted Rectification of Patches Using RGB-D Consumer Devices to Improve Real-Time Keypoint Matching (2013)

This paper presents a method named Depth-Assisted Rectification of Patches (DARP), which exploits depth information available in RGB-D consumer devices to improve keypoint matching of perspectively distorted images. This is achieved by generating a projective rectification of a patch around the keypoint, which is normalized with respect to perspective distortions and scale. The DARP method runs in real-time and can be used with any local feature detector and descriptor. Evaluations with planar and non-planar scenes show that DARP can obtain better results than existing keypoint matching approaches in oblique poses. 1
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to the Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds with TBHP over CrS‐2. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Author Correction: Building a global alliance of biofoundries (2019)

The original version of this Comment contained errors in the legend of Figure 2, in which the locations of the fifteenth and sixteenth GBA members were incorrectly given as '(15) Australian Genome Foundry, Macquarie University; (16) Australian Foundry for Advanced Biomanufacturing, University of Queensland.'. The correct version replaces this with '(15) Australian Foundry for Advanced Biomanufacturing (AusFAB), University of Queensland and (16) Australian Genome Foundry, Macquarie University'. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Comment.
Detection of fluid vortices based on compensated FMCW-radar phase measurements (2016)

In this contribution, a measurement concept for the detection of fluid vortices is presented. The approach utilizes the pressure-dependent relative permittivity of gases, which connected to the pressure distribution of a gas vortex leads to a detectable permittivity deviation. Since the measurement effect is very small, phase measurements of a high precise and low jitter FMCW-radar system are applied. Moreover, disturbances caused by vibrations of the measurement setup are compensated out of the measurement signal.
Subband Decomposition and Multirate Systems (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Multirate systems Filter banks Paraunitary filter banks Block transforms Cosine-modulated filter banks DFT filter banks A note on cosine modulation Summary References
Imaging water absorption with spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (2001)

Summary form only given. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technique for micron-scale cross-sectional imaging of biological tissue. High resolution detection of reflected or backscattering light is performed using low coherence interferometry. High nonlinearity, air-silica microstructure fibers or tapered fibers can generate an extremely broadband continuum using low energy femtosecond pulses. This is achieved by the anomalous dispersion characteristics of the fibers which shift the zero dispersion wavelength to shorter wavelengths and small core diameters which provide a tight mode confinement. We recently demonstrated ultrahigh resolution OCT using an air-silica microstructure fiber as light source in the spectral region between 1.2 /spl mu/m and 1.5 /spl mu/m with an axial resolution of 2.5 /spl mu/m at 1.3 /spl mu/m center wavelength. In this paper we demonstrate an extension of this method to broadband spectroscopically resolved OCT imaging.
Machine Learning and Simulation: Application in Queuing Systems (1993)

Machine learning algorithins have application potential in simulation at stages of model building, simulation execution monitoring in real-time, and output analysis and model refinement. This article presents the basics of the inductive learning paradigm and the ID3 algorithm, highlights the potential of learning in simulation as means for extracting heuristic rules to be used in expert systems, and demonstrates a sample application in simulation of queuing systems.
Oracle Database In-Memory on Active Data Guard: Real-time Analytics on a Standby Database (2020)

Oracle Database In-Memory (DBIM) provides orders of magnitude speedup for analytic queries with its highly compressed, transactionally consistent, memory-optimized Column Store. Customers can use Oracle DBIM for making real-time decisions by analyzing vast amounts of data at blazingly fast speeds. Active Data Guard (ADG) is Oracle's comprehensive solution for high-availability and disaster recovery for the Oracle Database. Oracle ADG eliminates the high cost of idle redundancy by allowing reporting applications, ad-hoc queries and data extracts to be offloaded to the synchronized, physical Standby database replicated using Oracle ADG. In Oracle 12.2, we extended the DBIM advantage to Oracle ADG architecture. DBIM-on-ADG significantly boosts the performance of analytic, read-only workloads running on the physical Standby database, while the Primary database continues to process high-speed OLTP workloads. Customers can partition their data across the In-Memory Column Stores on the Primary and Standby databases based on access patterns, and reap the benefits of fault-tolerance as well as workload isolation without compromising on critical performance SLAs. In this paper, we explore and address the key challenges involved in building the DBIM-on-ADG infrastructure, including synchronized maintenance of the In-Memory Column Store on the Standby database, with high-speed OLTP activity continuously modifying data on the Primary database.
Responses of Dairy Cows to Alternating Electrical Current Administered Semirandomly in a Nonavoidance Environment (1985)

Eight Holstein cows were assigned to two groups of four each, and a switchback design was used. Treatments were 4 mA of alternating current and no current. Four periods were each 96 h. Current was applied across subdermal electrodes, located on each cow's spine for 30 s, with a 30-s rest period between exposures for 5 min. Cows received current every 4 h for four 24-h intervals. No individual cow received current at the same time every day. Milk yield was reduced .16 kg/milking by exposure to 4 mA current. This decrease was not statistically significant. Percent milk fat and milk protein were not changed by current. Overall numbers of milk somatic cells were variable during the experiment. They increased during exposure to current, yet the increase was not statistically significant. Overall mean feed consumption and water consumption were not affected by treatments. The greatest behavioral response to current was upon initial exposure. Cows became accustomed to shock within 24 h of exposure. By the end of the fourth 96-h period of exposure, behavioral responses to current were almost extinct. We conclude that exposing cows to 4 mA of alternating current, in a semirandomized nonavoidance environment, for four consecutive 24-h intervals does not alter milk yield, milk composition, or intake of feed and water.
Cyclopolymerization of vinyl trans‐cinnamate (1960)

Abstract Vinyl trans‐cinnamate, an unsymmetrical divinyl monomer, has been synthesized, and polymerized to linear, soluble polymers. It was found by infrared and chemical analysis that these polymers are quite different from polyvinyl cinnamates synthesized through esterification of polyvinyl alcohol by cinnamoyl chloride. The polymers prepared by polymerization of the monomer are characterized by the presence of γ‐lactone rings resulting from a cyclopolymerization mechanism.
Nonlinear-optical loop mirror demultiplexer using a random birefringence fiber: comparisons between simulations and experiments (1997)

A numerical simulation of the switching characteristics of a polarization multiplexed nonlinear-optical loop mirror demultiplexer is presented and compared with experiment. The model assumes that the optical fiber that composes the loop has a randomly varying birefringence, that the signal and the control pulses have the same frequency, and that these pulses are nearly solitons. Factors that affect the shape and the width of the switching window curve are discussed. A phase-dependent modulation of the switching window curve, which is due to incomplete averaging of the light polarization state, is observed both experimentally and numerically. Models in which the randomness is neglected are not able to describe this modulation adequately.
Immune Response of Mormon Crickets That Survived Infection byBeauveria bassiana (2010)

Beauveria bassiana (Fungi: Ascomycota) is an entomopathogenic fungus that serves as a biological control agent of Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex Haldeman (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and other grasshopper pests. To measure the dose-dependent response of Mormon crickets to fungal attack, we applied B. bassiana strain GHA topically to adults using doses of 5.13 × to 1.75 × conidia in sunflower oil, with oil only as a control. After three weeks, we assessed the survivors' hemolymph for fungal cells, active phenoloxidase (PO), and lysozyme. Mortality increased and body mass of survivors decreased with conidial dose. survivors' PO activity was elevated to the same level independent of dose. Those with fungal cells visible in their hemolymph did not differ in PO activity from those with clear hemolymph. We conclude that circulating PO may be an important enzymatic defense against Beauveria infection and that it is associated with attempted clearing of Beauveria blastospores and hyphae from Mormon cricket hemolymph.
Application of the rule of shielding in the design of novel fluorinated molecules and peptidomimetics (2013)

The local environment around the fluorine, which determines the 19F chemical shift, appears to be of paramount importance for the recognition mechanism. Deshielded fluorinated fragments, suitable for interacting efficiently with the amphiphatic α helix secondary structural motif, are discussed. Shielded fluorinated scaffolds are proposed as novel peptide bond isosteres for potentially overcoming the major drawbacks of peptides, such as short physiological half-lives due to rapid proteolysis and poor bioavailability. These new fluorinated skeletons can be used for generating a diverse library of fluorinated peptide mimetics which can then be effectively screened in mixtures against multiple targets by 19F NMR spectroscopy.
Monolithic metallic nanocavities for strong light-matter interaction to quantum-well intersubband excitations (2013)

We present the design, realization and characterization of strong coupling between an intersubband transition and a monolithic metamaterial nanocavity in the mid-infrared spectral range. We use a ground plane in conjunction with a planar metamaterial resonator for full three-dimensional confinement of the optical mode. This reduces the mode volume by a factor of 1.9 compared to a conventional metamaterial resonator while maintaining the same Rabi frequency. The conductive ground plane is implemented using a highly doped n+ layer which allows us to integrate it monolithically into the device and simplify fabrication.
Thermodynamic limits of quantum photovoltaic cell efficiency (2007)

The intermediate band solar cell has been proposed as an ultrahigh efficiency source of energy due to the possibility of absorption of two sequential sub-band-gap photons to excite charge from a quantum confined (e.g., quantum dot or well) region into the large band gap barrier region [A. Luque and A. Martí, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 5014 (1997)]. Unfortunately, high efficiencies using this structure have not yet been realized. Here, we analyze the fundamental limits to power generation in quantum solar cells. When a difference in quasi-Fermi energies between the barrier and the quantum well regions exists due to the presence of photogenerated charge, an upper efficiency limit of 44.5% is achievable due to single photon absorption only. This efficiency is significantly higher than the Shockley-Queisser limit of ∼31% for homojunction cells, but remains below that predicted for two photon excitation (&amp;gt;63%) previously predicted for quantum cells.
Blood Transfusion During Chemotherapy: Risks and Beneﬁts (2004)

Cancer patients frequently experience clinically signiﬁcant anemia, which is often exacerbated by surgery and myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Although consistent with the anemia of chronic disease, several factors, including the type of tumor, blood loss, nutritional deﬁciencies, hemolysis, bone marrow inﬁltration by malignant cells, low serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels, and a decrease in bone marrow responsiveness to recombinant human Epo, may contribute to cancer-induced anemia and signiﬁcantly inﬂuence the percentage of patients needing blood transfusion during chemotherapy. Recently, the traditional belief that blood transfusion is an eﬀective and safe therapy has been challenged by an increased awareness of the infectious and immunologic risks associated with allogeneic blood transfusion. In cancer patients transfusion-induced immunomodulation may have the potential to signiﬁcantly increase postoperative infections and cancer recurrence, so it seems reasonable to minimize allogeneic blood exposure. During chemotherapy, patients treated with platinum-based regimens more often develop anemia and require transfusions. In this group of patients, the cumulative dose of platinum, as well as advanced age, loss of body weight before treatment, advanced disease stage, and a low primary level of Hb (11 g/dL) or a decrease in Hb level (1-2 g/dL) after the ﬁrst cycle of chemotherapy, represent important risk factors for increased frequency of transfusions.
Experimental measurements of the coherent field resulting from the interaction of an ultrasonic shock wave with a multiple scattering medium (2014)

Whereas multiple scattering and shock wave formation are known to be antagonistic phenomena, this work concentrates on the interaction of an ultrasonic shock wave with a random multiple scattering medium. The shock wave is generated by long distance propagation of a short pulse (4 periods at a 3.5 MHz central frequency) in water before it encounters the scattering medium (a slab-shaped random set of parallel metallic rods). Transmitted waves are recorded over hundreds of positions along the lateral dimension of the slab to estimate the ensemble-averaged transmitted field (t), also known as the coherent wave. Experiments are repeated for different thicknesses L of the slab and different emission amplitudes. The elastic mean free path le (i.e the typical distance for the decreasing of the coherent intensity |(t)|2 due to scattering) is determined as well as the harmonic rate of the averaged transmitted wave. Experimental results are discussed and compared to the linear case.
BACK ANALYSIS TO MODEL OUT ROCK MASS BEHAVIOUR DUE TO INHOMOGENEITY AND ITS APPLICATION TO CAVERN CONSTRUCTION (2000)

本論文では, 地下空洞のように周辺岩盤の緩み域や破砕帯等の非均質層挙動が卓越する場合に適した逆解析手法を開発し, 数値実験により解析精度を検討するとともに, これを実際の地下発電所空洞の掘削時に得られた計測変位に適用し, その実用化に向けた適用性を評価した. 本手法は, 初期応力パラメーターと非弾性ひずみを未知数としてノルム最小化により解を同定する逆解析により推定した岩盤ひずみを用いてその弾性係数低減率を定義し, 繰り返し計算により非均質層の広がりや特性を定量的に同定するものである. 数値実験および実工事に適用した結果, 本手法は従来の逆解析よりも計測変位により適合した変位とひずみ分布を推定でき, かつ適切に非均質特性を同定できるとともに, 計算自体は線形問題のため, 繰り返しも含めて迅速に処理可能であることから, 現場への適用性に優れていることが判明した.
Enhancing the Capacity of the AC Distribution System Using DC Interlinks—A Step Toward Future DC Grid (2015)

The development of distributed generation system and electric vehicles is bound to strain the distribution network. A typical radial distribution feeder suffers from voltage fluctuation and feeder overload in the presence of a large amount of variable renewable generation. This paper presents a concept of enhancing the power handling capacity of distribution networks using dc grid interconnections. Control of both the active and reactive power exchange between the ac feeder and the interconnecting power converter has been proposed for the voltage regulation at the ac feeder terminal. Besides, the dc grid interconnection also allows the introduction of a common storage system that can be shared by the connected ac feeders and the dc grid connection to other renewable energy resources. The increased power handling capacity and improved voltage profile of the ac distribution feeder using the proposed system is shown through time domain simulations on a test system.
An ex vivo Perfusion Model to Evaluate Hyperacute Rejection in a Discordant Pig-to-Human Combination (1998)

Inadequate supplies of human organs for transplantation have evoked an escalating interest in human xenotransplantation. Hyperacute rejection precludes use of discordant organs. We have developed an ex vivo perfusion model in order to evaluate hyperacute rejection in a pig-to-human combination. Pig kidneys (n = 6) perfused with human blood deteriorated rapidly and rejection was seen after 70 (60–87) min (median, 95% confidence interval). Kidneys perfused with pig blood survived 300 (216–360) min, corresponding to the upper time limit of the model. Increases in prostaglandin E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and 6-keto-prostaglandin F&lt;sub&gt;1α&lt;/sub&gt; indicated endothelial activation. Sequential blood samples revealed a strong progressive inflammatory response with reduced leukocyte and platelet counts, granulocyte activation indicated by increased myeloperoxidase, and complement activation, shown by an increase in C3 activation products and the terminal SC5b-9 complement complex. A significant role for classical pathway activation was indicated by formation of C1rs-C1 inhibitor complexes and activation of C4, whereas factor B was not significantly activated. Biopsies at rejection demonstrated hyperacute rejection with inflammatory changes involving the vessels as well as the nephrons. Where the inflammatory markers could be studied in pig blood, activation was less than in human blood. The present discordant xenotransplant model is a valuable adjunct for evaluation of changes occurring in the human blood perfusate as well as in the pig kidney during hyperacute rejection.
Making BREAD: Biomimetic strategies for Artificial Intelligence Now and\n in the Future (2018)

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution foretold of during the 1960s is\nwell underway in the second decade of the 21st century. Its period of\nphenomenal growth likely lies ahead. Still, we believe, there are crucial\nlessons that biology can offer that will enable a prosperous future for AI. For\nmachines in general, and for AI's especially, operating over extended periods\nor in extreme environments will require energy usage orders of magnitudes more\nefficient than exists today. In many operational environments, energy sources\nwill be constrained. Any plans for AI devices operating in a challenging\nenvironment must begin with the question of how they are powered, where fuel is\nlocated, how energy is stored and made available to the machine, and how long\nthe machine can operate on specific energy units. Hence, the materials and\ntechnologies that provide the needed energy represent a critical challenge\ntowards future use-scenarios of AI and should be integrated into their design.\nHere we make four recommendations for stakeholders and especially decision\nmakers to facilitate a successful trajectory for this technology. First, that\nscientific societies and governments coordinate Biomimetic Research for\nEnergy-efficient, AI Designs (BREAD); a multinational initiative and a funding\nstrategy for investments in the future integrated design of energetics into AI.\nSecond, that biomimetic energetic solutions be central to design consideration\nfor future AI. Third, that a pre-competitive space be organized between\nstakeholder partners and fourth, that a trainee pipeline be established to\nensure the human capital required for success in this area.\n