gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomechanics of the cardiovascular system: the aorta as an illustratory example (2006)

Biomechanics relates the function of a physiological system to its structure. The objective of biomechanics is to deduce the function of a system from its geometry, material properties and boundary conditions based on the balance laws of mechanics (e.g. conservation of mass, momentum and energy). In the present review, we shall outline the general approach of biomechanics. As this is an enormously broad field, we shall consider a detailed biomechanical analysis of the aorta as an illustration. Specifically, we will consider the geometry and material properties of the aorta in conjunction with appropriate boundary conditions to formulate and solve several well-posed boundary value problems. Among other issues, we shall consider the effect of longitudinal pre-stretch and surrounding tissue on the mechanical status of the vessel wall. The solutions of the boundary value problems predict the presence of mechanical homeostasis in the vessel wall. The implications of mechanical homeostasis on growth, remodelling and postnatal development of the aorta are considered.
Functional Overlap of Microtubule Assembly Factors in Chromatin-Promoted Spindle Assembly (2020)

Distinct pathways from centrosomes and chromatin are thought to contribute in parallel to microtubule nucleation and stabilization during animal cell mitotic spindle assembly, but their full mechanisms are not known. We investigated the function of three proposed nucleation/stabilization factors, TPX2, γ-tubulin and XMAP215, in chromatin-promoted assembly of anastral spindles in Xenopus laevis egg extract. In addition to conventional depletion-add back experiments, we tested whether factors could substitute for each other, indicative of functional redundancy. All three factors were required for microtubule polymerization and bipolar spindle assembly around chromatin beads. Depletion of TPX2 was partially rescued by the addition of excess XMAP215 or EB1, or inhibiting MCAK (a Kinesin-13). Depletion of either γ-tubulin or XMAP215 was partially rescued by adding back XMAP215, but not by adding any of the other factors. These data reveal functional redundancy between specific assembly factors in the chromatin pathway, suggesting individual proteins or pathways commonly viewed to be essential may not have entirely unique functions.
Noninvasive Imaging of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Gene Therapy for Myocardial Ischemia (2013)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Both preclinical and clinical evaluations of this therapy are underway and can benefit from a vector strategy that allows noninvasive assessment of HIF-1α expression as an objective measure of gene delivery. We have developed a novel bidirectional plasmid vector (pcTnT-HIF-1α-VP2-TSTA-fluc), which employs the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) promoter in conjunction with a two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA) system to drive the linked expression of a recombinant HIF-1α gene (HIF-1α-VP2) and the firefly luciferase gene (fluc). The firefly luciferase (FLuc) activity serves as a surrogate for HIF-1α-VP2 expression, and can be noninvasively assessed in mice using bioluminescence imaging after vector delivery. Transfection of cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes with pcTnT-HIF-1α-VP2-TSTA-fluc led to a strong correlation between FLuc and HIF-1α-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor expression (r(2)=0.88). Intramyocardial delivery of pcTnT-HIF-1α-VP2-TSTA-fluc into infarcted mouse myocardium led to persistent HIF-1α-VP2 expression for 4 weeks, even though it improved neither CD31+ microvessel density nor echocardiographically determined left ventricular systolic function. These results lend support to recent findings of suboptimal efficacy associated with plasmid-mediated HIF-1α therapy. The imaging techniques developed herein should be useful for further optimizing HIF-1α-VP2 therapy in preclinical models of myocardial ischemia.
Virus-cell membrane fusion does not predict efficient infection of alveolar macrophages by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (1992)

Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the principal target cells for HIV-1 in lung tissue. To investigate the mechanisms of HIV-1 infection and efficient replication in these cells we isolated AM from 14 HIV-1 negative donors and exposed them to two virus isolates, either N1T, which replicates well in T lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines, or ADA, a monocytotropic virus. Membrane fluorescence dequenching assays demonstrated that HIV-1/N1T fuses efficiently with AM plasma membranes at neutral pH and that this interaction requires cellular CD4. Despite efficient fusion, AM from eight of 14 donors were not susceptible to productive infection with N1T. In contrast, ADA replicated in all AM populations tested. Soluble CD4 blocked infection of AM by either N1T or ADA, indicating that, like membrane fusion, entry of infectious virus requires an interaction with cellular CD4. Analysis of HIV-1 DNA accumulation in infected cells by enzymatic amplification revealed that productive infection by ADA correlated with a high HIV-1 DNA copy number and abortive infection by N1T was characterized by little or no stable cDNA. These studies suggest that the differences between the two HIV-1 strains studied in their ability to replicate in AM reside in phases of the virus life cycle that follow virus-cell fusion.
New Fowler Nordheim current determination in EEPROM cell from transient measurements (2004)

In this work, we present a new simple method to determine the actual tunnel current in EEPROM cell during erase operation. From this method, we compare the classically tunneling current measured on large test capacitor and the real current of the tunnelling area. The result obtained from such. transient analysis must improve the tunneling current modeling which is major parameter in the EEPROM cell behavior. Moreover our approach can be use for the verification of the injection current in case of write or erase cell operation disturb.
CXCR4-gerichtete molekulare Bildgebung mit [68Ga]Pentixafor bei 103 Patienten mit 24 verschiedenen soliden Tumorentitäten (2022)

Ziel/Aim Der C-X-C Motiv Chemokinrezeptor 4 (CXCR4) ist bei einer Vielzahl von soliden Tumorentitäten überexprimiert und kann durch eine CXCR4-gerichtete, molekulare Bildgebung mittels [68Ga]Pentixafor dargestellt werden. In vorliegender Studie wurde die CXCR4-Expression bei 103 Patienten mit 24 verschiedenen Tumorentitäten untersucht.
Mitochondrial responses to brain death in solid organ transplant (2023)

Mitochondrial dynamics are central to the pathophysiology of cellular damage and inflammatory responses. In the context of solid organ transplantation, mitochondria are implicated in immune activation in donor organs that occurs after brain death, as they are critical to the regulation of cellular stress response, cell death, and display energetic adaptations through the adjustment of respiratory capacity depending on the cellular milieu. Mitochondrial damage activates mitochondrial systems of fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy. The mechanistic pathways as well as therapies targeting mitochondrial physiology have been studied as plausible ways to mitigate the negative effects of brain death on donor organs, though there is no summative evaluation of the multiple efforts across the field. This mini-review aims to discuss the interplay of donor brain death, mitochondrial dynamics, and impact on allograft function as it pertains to heart, lung, liver, and kidney transplants.
Arrays of InP-based Avalanche Photodiodes for Photon Counting (2007)

Arrays of InP-based avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with InGaAsP absorber regions have been fabricated and characterized in the Geiger mode for photon-counting applications. Measurements of APDs with InGaAsP absorbers optimized for 1.06 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mu</i> m wavelength show dark count rates (DCRs) <20 kHz for room-temperature operation with photon detection efficiency (PDE) up to 50% and a reset or dead time of 1s. APDs with InGaAs absorbers optimized for 1.55 μm wavelength and 240 K temperature have DCRs <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&lt;</i> 20 kHz, PDE up to 45%, and a reset time of ~6 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mu</i> s. Arrays for both wavelengths have been fabricated and packaged with GaP microlenses (of 100 and 50 μm pitch) and CMOS readout integrated circuits (ROICs). Comparisons are made between ROICs that operate in the framed-readout mode as well as those that operate in continuous-readout mode.
Nouvelles formes de gouvernance dans le domaine de l’eau. Apports et limites de la coopération décentralisée dans les pays en développement (2010)

La problématique de cet article porte sur le rôle de la coopération décentralisée dans le domaine de l’eau, dans la mesure où celle-ci semble pouvoir apporter des réponses concrètes au problème de l’accès universel à l’eau et constituer une nouvelle option pour la communauté internationale. Dans une première partie, on présentera les problèmes rencontrés par les différents modes de gestion de l’eau dans les pays en développement et la façon dont ils ont successivement tenté de satisfaire à certains objectifs bien précis (accès universel à l’eau, réduction des coûts, prise en compte des besoins prioritaires). Dans une deuxième partie, sur la base d’une initiative de coopération décentralisée entre le Conseil régional de Seine-Saint-Denis et la ville marocaine de Figuig, on s’interrogera sur les apports et limites de cette nouvelle forme de partenariat participatif afin d’en évaluer la pérennité ainsi que la « soutenabilité sociale », montrant, de ce fait, sa proximité avec l’économie solidaire.
The photonic nose: a versatile platform for sensing applications (2011)

In the present article, the platform known as the Photonic Nose is presented as a versatile sensing concept for analysis of both liquid and vapor phase samples. By use of photonic crystal structures known as Bragg stacks with Bragg diffraction peaks within visible wavelengths, sensing events can be easily monitored by use of a digital camera to register color changes resulting from infiltration of analytes. We demonstrate the discrimination between pure solvent atmospheres, bacteria headspace as well as aqueous amine solutions as case examples of the variety of samples that can be analyzed with the platform.
Color Fidelity of Light Sources Evaluated over Large Sets of Reflectance Samples (2013)

We study the use of large reflectance sample sets to assess the color fidelity of light sources. We introduce three data sets covering a large fraction of the color space and a method to compute color fidelity over these sets. By applying this calculation to various source spectra, we show that some sources have significantly lower fidelity than would be predicted using the eight samples of the color rendering index. Structured and truncated source spectra are especially prone to this pitfall, whereas broad and smooth spectra are more resilient.
A New Catalyzed HC Trap Technology that Enhances the Conversion of Gasoline Fuel Cold-Start Emissions (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Passive in-line catalyzed hydrocarbon (HC) traps have been used by some manufacturers in the automotive industry to reduce regulated tailpipe (TP) emissions of non-methane organic gas (NMOG) during engine cold-start conditions. However, most NMOG molecules produced during gasoline combustion are only weakly adsorbed via physisorption onto the zeolites typically used in a HC trap. As a consequence, NMOG desorption occurs at low temperatures resulting in the use of very high platinum group metal (PGM) loadings in an effort to combust NMOG before it escapes from a HC trap. In the current study, a 2.0 L direct-injection (DI) Ford Focus running on gasoline fuel was evaluated with full useful life aftertreatment where the underbody converter was either a three-way catalyst (TWC) or a HC trap. A new HC trap technology developed by Ford and Umicore demonstrated reduced TP NMOG emissions of 50% over the TWC-only system without any increase in oxides of oxygen (NOx) emissions. Other HC trap technologies had at best a 25% NMOG emission reduction. Parallel laboratory reactor studies were conducted in an effort to understand the improved trapping and NMOG combustion features of the newly developed HC trap. Increased trapping efficiency of certain aromatics (toluene) and alkenes (2-methylpropene) was assigned to rapid and efficient polymerization of these species due to a combination of strong Brønsted acidity, precious metal (i.e., Pd), and base redox active metals. During the emissions desorption phase, the combustion of the adsorbed NMOG occurred without gas-phase oxygen due to the delayed desorption of the large NMOG molecules coupled with the high activity of the base redox active metal in the presence of steam. Besides acting as a source of oxygen during combustion, the ion-exchanged form of the base metal also stabilized Pd against sintering during the hot, four-mode aging process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Application of Steel Industry Slags as Novel Cost Efficient Catalysts in Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass (2018)

Slags from metallurgical industry are cost efficient alternatives for acidic zeolites in catalytic fast pyrolysis. A slag from steel industry was studied for catalytic fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust. The desulfurization slag from a blast furnace steel mill was modified to improve its catalytic properties by using alkaline pretreatments and hydrothermal syntheses. As a result, specific surface area of the material could be increased. Modified desulfurization slags were tested using analytical pyrolysis and bench scale bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyser. Results of analytical pyrolysis indicate that slags are able to modify product distribution. Based on these results, the best modified slag was chosen for bench scale pyrolysis tests. In the bench scale run, the use of modified slag led to oxygenated bio oil compared to fast pyrolysis with sand. However, bio oil yield decreased simultaneously as typically in catalytic fast pyrolysis.
Hybrid III/V silicon photonic source with integrated 1D free-space beam steering (2012)

A chip-scale optical source with integrated beam steering is demonstrated. The chip was fabricated using the hybrid silicon platform and incorporates an on-chip laser, waveguide splitter, amplifiers, phase modulators, and surface gratings to comprise an optical phased array with beam steering across a 12° field of view in one axis. Tuning of the phased array is used to achieve 1.8°(steered axis)×0.6°(nonsteered axis) beam width with 7 dB background suppression for arbitrary beam direction within the field of view.
Fundamental study on controllability of heat pump power consumption for fluctuated power compensation (2011)

In a small scale, local power grid, such as a microgrid, control of power consumption on the demand side is an effective solution for compensating unpredictable power fluctuations in the grid, since such control can reduce the capacity of energy storage systems which are generally expensive. Among the loads, heat pump is focused as a device which its power consumption may be controlled from the grid operator, because when the interval of the compensated power fluctuation by the heat pump is short enough, fluctuation of room or water temperatures would be kept small, thus users' convenience can be maintained. In this paper, experimental results of controlling the heat pump's power consumption are shown. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the chacteristics of the power consumption response to reference signals, and the response characteristics of the processed heat. Using the data of the response characteristics of the processed heat, evaluation of the fluctuation of the room temperature was done by simulation. By these analyses, the amplitude and the period of the power fluctuation which the heat pump can be used to compensate are shown.
Effects of imperfections on the performance of OFDM-based UWB systems (2008)

The use of OFDM for UWB applications is a promising choice to simplify the receiver design and to maximize the bandwidth scalability, as well as to adapt to various spectrum allocations. However, most OFDM analyses assume idealized conditions when it comes to the waveform characteristics at the receiver. A cyclic prefix (CP) duration longer than the channel delay spread, and perfect time/frequency synchronization at the receiver makes the OFDM system appear as a set of N parallel orthogonal flat fading channels, where N is the number of subcarriers in the OFDM system. This work investigates how this subcarrier orthogonality is lost when we consider common imperfections such as a channel delay spread longer than the CP, and imperfect time/frequency synchronization at the receiver. We quantify the impact of these imperfections into the receiver bit error rate (BER) and we specialize the analysis to various UWB applications. From the analyses, we see graceful performance degradation with decreasing CP length and increasing residual frequency error. The performance degradation can be much more critical for timing synchronization errors.
Time-bounded lattice for efficient planning in dynamic environments (2009)

For vehicles navigating initially unknown cluttered environments, current state-of-the-art planning algorithms are able to plan and re-plan dynamically-feasible paths efficiently and robustly. It is still a challenge, however, to deal well with the surroundings that are both cluttered and highly dynamic. Planning under these conditions is more difficult for two reasons. First, tracking and predicting the trajectories of moving objects (i.e., cars, humans) is very noisy. Second, the planning process is computationally more expensive because of the increased dimensionality of the state-space, with time as an additional variable. Moreover, re-planning needs to be invoked more often since the trajectories of moving obstacles need to be constantly re-estimated. In this paper, we develop a path planning algorithm that addresses these challenges. First, we choose a representation of dynamic obstacles that efficiently models their predicted trajectories and the uncertainty associated with the predictions. Second, to provide real-time guarantees on the performance of planning with dynamic obstacles, we propose to utilize a novel data structure for planning - a time-bounded lattice - that merges together short-term planning in time with longterm planning without time. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in both simulations with up to 30 dynamic obstacles and on real robots.
Radial Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fracture (2018)

<b>Background:</b> A radial incision with radial plate fixation for distal radius fracture has historically been avoided due to its risk to the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN). With careful technique, it is possible to avoid injury to the SBRN, thereby minimizing the soft tissue injury associated with other approaches. We compare subjective and objective functional outcomes of radial plate fixation surgeries that we performed with those of dorsal and volar plate fixation in current literature. <b>Methods:</b> Patients at a single center who underwent radial plate fixation for an AO type A or AO type B distal radius fracture between December 2006 and December 2014 were enrolled in the study. Postoperative grip strength and 3-digit pinch strength were measured systematically in the injured and uninjured wrists. Patients also completed a Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire to assess subjective outcomes. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-six patients met our inclusion criteria and had available medical records. Postoperative grip strength in the injured wrist was significantly lowered-68% compared with the uninjured wrist. After subgroup analysis of dominant and nondominant wrist injuries, there was no significant difference in grip strength between injured and uninjured wrists. There was no significant decrease in postoperative 3-digit pinch strength in the injured wrist-89% compared with the uninjured wrist. The mean QuickDASH score for our study participants was 20.9. <b>Conclusions:</b> Radial plate fixation is an effective approach for distal radius fractures. Objective and subjective outcomes are noninferior to those of a dorsal or volar approach.
Morphometic analysis of TCGA glioblastoma multiforme (2011)

While subtyping is often performed with genome-wide molecular data, we have shown that it can also be applied to categorizing histology sections. Accordingly, we have identified a subtype that is a predictor of the outcome as a result of a therapeutic regime. Computed representation has become publicly available through our Web site.
Creating tissue on chip constructs in microtitre plates for drug discovery (2018)

We report upon a novel coplanar dielectrophoresis (DEP) based cell patterning system for generating transferrable hepatic cell constructs, resembling a liver-lobule, in culture. The use of paper reinforced gel substrates provided sufficient strength to enable these constructs to be transfered into 96-well plates for long term functional studies, including in the future, drug development studies. Experimental results showed that hepatic cells formed DEP field-induced structures corresponding to an array of lobule-mimetic patterns. Hepatic viability was observed over a period of 3 days by the use of a fluorescent cell staining technique, whilst the liver specific functionality of albumin secretion showed a significant enhancement due to the layer patterning of cell lines (HepG2/C3A), compared to 2D patterned cells and un-patterned control. This "build and transfer" concept could, in future, also be adapted for the layer-by-layer construction of organs-on-chip in microtitre formats.
Low-temperature germanium ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition for back-end photonic device integration (2010)

This work demonstrates single-crystal germanium deposited by ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHVCVD) on amorphous silicon (a-Si), with all processing performed at temperatures below 450°C. This material shows promise for the successful backend fabrication of photonic devices.
On the mechanisms of InGaN electron cooler in InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (2014)

Electron overflow limits the quantum efficiency of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes. InGaN electron cooler (EC) can be inserted before growing InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) to reduce electron overflow. However, detailed mechanisms of how the InGaN EC contributes to the efficiency improvement have remained unclear so far. In this work, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate an electron mean-free-path model, which reveals the InGaN EC reduces the electron mean free path in MQWs, increases the electron capture rate and also reduces the valence band barrier heights of the MQWs, in turn promoting the hole transport into MQWs.