gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Yin and Yang of Current Antifungal Therapeutic Strategies: How Can We Harness Our Natural Defenses? (2019)

Fungal infections have aroused much interest over the last years because of their involvement in several human diseases. Immunocompromission due to transplant-related therapies and malignant cancer treatments are risk factors for invasive fungal infections, but also aggressive surgery, broad-spectrum antibiotics and prosthetic devices are frequently associated with infectious diseases. Current therapy is based on the administration of antifungal drugs, but the occurrence of resistant strains to the most common molecules has become a serious health-care problem. New antifungal agents are urgently needed and it is essential to identify fungal molecular targets that could offer alternatives for development of treatments. The fungal cell wall and plasma membrane are the most important structures that offer putative new targets which can be modulated in order to fight microbial infections. The development of monoclonal antibodies against new targets is a valid therapeutic strategy, both to solve resistance problems and to support the immune response, especially in immunocompromised hosts. In this review, we summarize currently used antifungal agents and propose novel therapeutic approaches, including new fungal molecular targets to be considered for drug development.
Growth curve of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (3D7) after treatment with pyrimethamine. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Synchronous cultures of a &lt;i&gt;P. falciparum&lt;/i&gt; 3D7 strain were incubated for 72 hours with doubling concentrations of pyrimethamine. No inhibitory effect could be observed during the first 48 hours at any concentration (A). However, an inhibition was clearly visible at 72 hours (B). This could be explained by the fact that pyrimethamine is a slow acting drug and its effect can only be detected on the second generation, after 48 hours. Interestingly, the growth curves at all concentrations follow the drug free control after the 30 hour peak, while the curve for 200 nM shows a later peak at 36 hours with a higher number of depolarizing events, compared to the drug free control (A). See &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061606#s4" target="_blank"&gt;discussion&lt;/a&gt; for possible explanation. Each time point represents the mean value of triplicate samples ± one SD. DF ctrl – drug free control; UI ctrl – uninfected control.&lt;/p&gt;
Genetic glass ceilings: transgenics for crop biodiversity (2008)

www.palgrave-journals.com/jcb The term ‘ glass ceiling ’ was fi rst coined in the mid-1980s to characterise an artifi cial upper limit on women ’ s careers. Below the glass ceiling, room for advancement is tantalisingly visible, but the situation makes crossing the barrier impossible. In the context of this book, Jonathan Gressel explains another glass ceiling, one established by the inherited genomes of food, fi bre, and medicinal plants, and perpetuated by the constraints of classical plant breeding. A molecular biologist and Professor Emeritus in the Department of Plant Sciences at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, Gressel makes clear how molecular biology and transgenics can overcome these constraints, and enable the sort of progress which is otherwise out of reach. Gressel divides his book into two major sets of chapters. Chapters 1 – 9 establish the stubbornness of the genetic glass ceiling. Gressel explains that the genomes of the plants upon which we rely for our food, fi bre, and, increasingly, medicines and fuel, do not have within them the genetic diversity required to enable the necessary improvements. The genes needed to suffi ciently increase their productivity, or to allow them to withstand many biotic (eg diseases, pests) and abiotic (eg drought, fl oods) stresses, simply aren ’ t there. If the world is to have both an adequate supply and a desirable quality of what we harvest from crops – while maintaining uncultivated and wild landscapes – the crops must be further domesticated and improved. Gressel explains carefully and in detail how to achieve these important goals, using transgenics and the intricate tools of molecular biology. Chapters 6 and 7 powerfully convey the importance Gressel assigns to overcoming the current barriers to agricultural progress, by describing the misfortunes that plague the status quo. Chapter 6, titled, ‘ Evil Weevils or Us: Who Gets to Eat the Grain? ’ addresses the signifi cant losses that farmers, especially poor farmers in developing countries, experience when weevils infest their crops and harvests. These losses deal a crushing blow, typically destroying between 40 and 60 per cent of the yield. Gressel discusses how farmers currently deal with weevils, if they deal with them at all, and proposes biotechnological solutions that could be far safer and more effective. In the following chapter, ‘ Kwashiorkor, Diseases, and Cancer: Needed: Food without Mycotoxins ’ , Gressel explores the impacts of mycotoxins upon human health and life Genetic Glass Ceilings: Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity
Bismaleimide Monomers and Polymers with Ester and Ether Units. Synthesis and Properties (2005)

A series of bismaleimide monomers were used to prepare poly(aminobismaleimide)s in an attempt to achieve polymers with improved properties. Structurally different bismaleimides with ester units were synthesized by reaction between 3(4)‐maleimidobenzoylchloride with various diphenols. Bismaleimides BMI‐3 and BMI‐4 were synthesized by reaction of maleic anhydride with diamines respectively. Polymers based on these bismaleimides were prepared by the Michael addition of diamines to bismaleimides. The monomers and polymers were characterized by infrared (IR) and proton nuclear resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy. Thermal characterization of monomers and polymers was accomplished by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (ATG).
A Study of Nonlinear Shape Normalization for Online Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition: Dot Density vs. Line Density Equalization (2006)

Nonlinear shape normalization (NSN) approaches based on line density equalization have been the most popular choice for both offline and online handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR). However, in a recent study of using 8-directional features for online HCCR, we discovered that an NSN approach based on dot density equalization achieved a much better performance than that of an NSN approach based on line density equalization. In this paper, we present the details of the NSN approaches we studied for online HCCR, and report the comparative experimental results using an in-house developed Chinese handwriting corpus as well as the popular Nakayosi and Kuchibue Japanese character databases. We also present an improved NSN approach based on the equalization of dot densities derived from blurred character image that can be used for offline HCCR.
Intraoperative measurement of knee kinematics in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (2002)

Our objectives were to establish the envelope of passive movement and to demonstrate the kinematic behaviour of the knee during standard clinical tests before and after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). An electromagnetic device was used to measure movement of the joint during surgery. Reconstruction of the ACL significantly reduced the overall envelope of tibial rotation (10 degrees to 90 degrees flexion), moved this envelope into external rotation from 0 degrees to 20 degrees flexion, and reduced the anterior position of the tibial plateau (5 degrees to 30 degrees flexion) (p < 0.05 for all). During the pivot-shift test in early flexion there was progressive anterior tibial subluxation with internal rotation. These subluxations reversed suddenly around a mean position of 36 +/- 9 degrees of flexion of the knee and consisted of an external tibial rotation of 13 +/- 8 degrees combined with a posterior tibial translation of 12 +/- 8 mm. This abnormal movement was abolished after reconstruction of the ACL.
Micromagnetic simulations of current-induced microwave excitations (2005)

Spin-transfer effects on the magnetization motion are investigated in the free layer of a giant magnetoresistance device flooded with spin-polarized electrons, and more specifically microwave excitations in elliptical permalloy elements. The spin torque is found to excite at low current precessional trajectories compatible with the platelet eigenmodes. Then a forced regime is activated that is, characterized by trajectory broadening with increasing current and an almost spatially uniform power density. The effect of temperature on resonance frequencies and linewidth becomes negligible at high current.
Anatomy of the Ventricular Outflow Tracts: An Electrophysiology Perspective (2023)

Outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias are the most common type of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia. A systematic understanding of the outflow tract anatomy improves procedural efficacy and enables electrophysiologists to anticipate and prevent complications. This review emphasizes the three-dimensional spatial relationships between the ventricular outflow tracts using seven anatomical principles. In turn, each principle is elaborated on from a clinical perspective relevant for the practicing electrophysiologist. The developmental anatomy of the outflow tracts is also discussed and reinforced with a clinical case.
Wafer Scale Copper Direct Plating on Thin PVD RuTa Layers: A Route to Enable Filling 30 nm Features and Below? (2014)

Among all the Ru-based substrates, mixed-phase RuTa liners grown by physical vapor deposition have been explored as potential directly-platable diffusion barrier candidates. In order to understand the full-wafer copper direct plating process that occurs on these liners, the effect of the applied waveform, electrical contacts and suppressor chemistry have been investigated. In order to enhance copper nucleation and wafer scale edge-to-center copper front propagation rate, a liner surface cleaning protocol is developed. The copper front propagation across the 300 mm wafer is reported as a function of the RuTa film thickness. An optimized copper direct plating process on RuTa layers as thin as 4 nm is integrated in 90 and 30 nm half pitch single and dual damascene structures. Results in terms of compatibility of the direct plated copper with the following chemical mechanical planarization step complemented with physical and electrical characterization data are reported. The direct filling of ∼25 nm sacrificial fin structures is also investigated.
Reliability analysis of an LCL tuned track segmented bi-directional inductive power transfer system (2013)

Bi-directional Inductive Power Transfer (BDIPT) technique is suitable for renewable energy based applications such as electric vehicles (EVs), for the implementation of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. Recently, more efforts have been made by researchers to improve both efficiency and reliability of renewable energy systems to further enhance their economical sustainability. This paper presents a comparative reliability study between a typical BDIPT system and an individually controlled segmented BDIPT system. Steady state thermal simulation results are provided for different output power levels for a 1.5 kW BDIPT system in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Reliability parameters such as failure rate and mean time between failures (MTBF) are compared between the two systems. A nonlinear programming (NP) model is developed for optimizing charging schedule for a stationery EV. A case study of EV optimum charging is provided for a 24 hours period indicating minimum cost and higher reliability.
A highly integrated GaAs MMIC UHF band demodulator with four tunable quadrature phase shift IF channels (2005)

A MMIC demodulator has been designed and characterized over the [0.79 – 0.97] GHz RF band. It consists of an RF differential amplifier and an LO 4-way phase splitter affording the 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° relative phase shift and equal amplitude signals. Both RF and LO channels drive a double double balanced quad FET mixer which provides the four quadrature phase shift voltage baseband IF signals on high outputs impedances. This chip (4 x 3.1 mm²) has been fabricated using a GaAs 0.5µm MESFET process and reaches a high performance as far as IF signals balance accuracy is pursued.
P‐13: The Relationship Between Crystallinity and Device Characteristics of In‐Sn‐Zn‐Oxide (2015)

We have reported that the transistors having the c‐axis‐alignedcrystalline (CAAC) In‐Ga‐Zn‐oxide show good performance. For In‐Sn‐Zn‐oxide, we investigated relation between crystallinity and electrical properties. The experimental results suggest that In‐Sn‐Zn‐oxide can have a layered structure like a CAAC structure, and their high crystallinity improves device performance.
RhoB, Not RhoA, Represses the Transcription of the Transforming Growth Factor β Type II Receptor by a Mechanism Involving Activator Protein 1 (2002)

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I (T beta R-I) and type II (T beta R-II) receptors are responsible for transducing TGF-beta signals. We have previously shown that inhibition of farnesyltransferase activity results in an increase in T beta R-II expression, leading to enhanced TGF-beta binding, signaling, and inhibition of tumor cell growth, suggesting that a farnesylated protein(s) exerts a repressive effect on T beta R-II expression. Likely candidates are farnesylated proteins such as Ras and RhoB, which are both farnesylated and involved in cell growth control. Neither a dominant negative Ha-Ras, constitutively activated Ha-Ras, or a pharmacological inhibitor of MEK1 affected T beta R-II transcription. However, ectopic expression of RhoB, but not the closely related family member RhoA, resulted in a 5-fold decrease of T beta R-II promoter activity. Furthermore, ectopic expression of RhoB, but not RhoA, resulted in a significant decrease of T beta R-II protein expression and resistance of tumor cells to TGF-beta-mediated cell growth inhibition. Deletion analysis of the T beta R-II promoter identified a RhoB-responsive region, and mutational analysis of this region revealed that a site for the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) is critical for RhoB-mediated repression of T beta R-II transcription. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays clearly showed that the binding of AP1 to its DNA-binding site is strongly inhibited by RhoB. Consequently, transcription assays using an AP1 reporter showed that AP1-mediated transcription is down-regulated by RhoB. Altogether, these results identify a mechanism by which RhoB antagonizes TGF-beta action through transcriptional down-regulation of AP1 in T beta R-II promoter.
Water dielectric microstrip patch antenna: case study at ISM 2.4 GHz (2021)

Transparent antennas are becoming important in the wireless field since they can be integrated in combination with solar cells placed underneath the transparent antenna to make the antenna system compact. In this regard, water is used in this study. The behaviour of a water dielectric patch antenna is presented to find the influence of the thickness of water and the type of water used on the efficiency, gain and radiation pattern of the antenna. The water patch antennas operate at the ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band of 2.4 GHz. Measured results are compared with a classical square patch made from copper where the water patch performs with a comparable efficiency and similar radiation patterns.
Morphology of Three-Phase PS/PBA Composite Latex Particles Containing in Situ Produced Block Copolymers (2010)

Three-phase styrene−butyl acrylate composite polymer particles were synthesized by combining free radical polymerization, which yielded PS and PBA-co-PS, and controlled free radical polymerization, which yielded a large amount of PS-block-(PBA-co-PS)). Particle morphology evolves from core−shell when the particles did not contain block copolymer to hemispherical when a large amount of block copolymers was produced. The existing models could not predict this change in morphology. A general approach for the calculation of the equilibrium morphology of multiphase particles was developed using a Monte Carlo method.
Measurement of Intracellular Ions by Flow Cytometry (2004)

The recent development of a number of new fluorescent probes makes it possible to measure the concentrations of various intracellular free ions in single living cells. Among these ions are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and hydrogen (pH). This unit describes flow cytometric protocols using the dyes Indo-1 AM, Fluo-3, and Fura Red AM to measure intracellular calcium concentration. Support protocols detail the use of calcium buffers to calibrate a flow cytometric calcium assay, and methods to facilitate dye loading; an alternate protocol describes the use of a spectrofluorimeter to measure intracellular calcium for those investigators without access to a flow cytometer.
Analysis of theEscherichia coligenome VI: DNA sequence of the region from 92.8 through 100 minutes (1995)

The 338.5 kb of the Escherichia coli genome described here together with previously described segments bring the total of contiguous finished sequence of this genome to > 1 Mb. Of 319 open reading frames (ORFs) found in this 338.5 kb segment, 147 (46%) are potential new genes. The positions of several genes which had been previously located here by mapping or partial sequencing have been confirmed. Several ORFs have functions suggested by similarities to other characterised genes but cannot be assigned with certainty. Fifteen of the ORFs of unknown function had been previously sequenced. Eight transfer RNAs are encoded in the region and there are two grey holes in which no features were found. The attachment site for phage P4 and three insertion sequences were located. The region was also analysed for chi sites, bend sites, REP elements and other repeats. A computer search identified potential promoters and tentative transcription units were assigned. The occurrence of the rare tetramer CTAG was analysed in 1.6 Mb of contiguous E.coli sequence. Hypotheses addressing the rarity and distribution of CTAG are discussed.
Utility Elicitation During Negotiation with Practical Elicitation Strategies (2018)

Automatic negotiation is gaining more interest recently thanks to the wider deployment of intelligent systems and the need for them to cooperate/compete on behalf of their users. A central assumption of most autonomous negotiation agents is that the utility function of the user is perfectly known to the agent. That is an often unmet assumption in real situations. Utility elicitation is the process of learning about the utility function of the user incrementally and has a long history in decision support research. Recently, some utility elicitation systems capable of incrementally eliciting the utility function of the user during the negotiation were presented. This work expands this body of research by optimizing the elicitation algorithm to realistic elicitation strategies. The proposed method extends the optimal elicitation algorithm to the - practical - case where queries to the user only reduce the uncertainty in the utility function without removing it completely. Extensive evaluation shows that the proposed extension outperforms two state-of-the-art elicitation algorithms and several baseline alternatives.
Reactivity of Potassium Titanate Whiskers with Al Alloys (1992)

The reactivity of the improved potassium titanate whisker with aluminum alloys was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) by using their composites which was fabricated by squeeze casting in low-temperature processing. It was found that the exothermic reaction occured at two different temperatures by DTA, that is, at near 883 K and at 1223 K. The reaction at the lower temperature was not affected by the elements in the matrix Al alloys. After heat treatment of 883 K-1 h for stimulation, the surface of extracted whisker from the composite was covered with particulated reactants which were considered as α-Al2O3. The apparent activation energy of the reaction at near 883 K was calculated about 277 kJ/mol from DTA data. On the other hands, the reaction at the higher temperature was affected by the elements in the matrix Al alloys, and the reactants on the whisker surface identified as Al3Ti and α-Al2O3. In the case of matrix Al alloys containing Mg, the DTA found the exothermic reaction undefined, and the fan shaped reactant was observed on the whisker surface extracted from the composites after heat treatment of 883 K-1 h.
Dental hygienists' evaluation of the usability research study of the Colgate ProClinical A1500 electric toothbrush. (2015)

The Colgate ProClinical A1500 electric toothbrush, relative to a manual toothbrush, provided an improved brushing experience for the fourteen users whose brushing techniques were evaluated by five dental hygienists who reviewed their videotapes from the usability study.
Factitious Diarrhea Induced by Stimulant Laxatives: Accuracy of Diagnosis by a Clinical Reference Laboratory Using Thin Layer Chromatography (2006)

Considering the expected prevalence of surreptitious laxative abuse in patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea (2.4%-25%, depending on the clinical setting), TLC of urine or stool for bisacodyl by this reference laboratory would often produce misleading results, and testing for senna would have no clinical value. The major problems are false-positive tests for bisacodyl and false-negative tests for senna.
Provision of an appliance to correct mandibular deviation secondary to temporomandibular joint replacement. (2013)

This report outlines the provision of an appliance of novel design to correct mandibular deviation secondary to temporomandibular joint replacement. The aim of the appliance was to reduce the deviation of the mandible by guiding its path during function, thus reducing the symptoms of facial pain. A significant improvement in symptoms was noted as a result of wearing the appliance which was still evident at the 12 month review. In a patient with high levels of chronic pain associated with TMJ dysfunction, reversible minimally invasive treatment has definite advantages, particular if there is a wish to avoid further surgical intervention.
Cross-resistance to methotrexate and metals in human cisplatin-resistant cell lines results from a pleiotropic defect in accumulation of these compounds associated with reduced plasma membrane binding proteins. (1998)

Cross-resistance to a wide array of toxic chemicals is a common phenomenon in cisplatin-resistant cell lines. In this study, two independently isolated cisplatin-resistant cell lines derived from a human hepatoma and a cervical adenocarcinoma were shown to be cross-resistant to methotrexate (MTX) and several metal salts, such as sodium arsenite, sodium arsenate, antimony potassium tartrate, and cadmium chloride. A pleiotropic defect resulting in reduced accumulation of cisplatin, 3[H]MTX, 73As3+, and 73As5+ was found in both cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Analysis by immunoblot, indirect immunofluorescence, and Northern hybridization showed dramatically reduced expression of the folate binding protein that mediates MTX uptake in both human cisplatin-resistant cell lines. By photoaffinity labeling with UV irradiation, specific binding proteins of Mr 230,000 and Mr 48,000 for 73As3+ and Mr 190,000 for 73As5+ were found in enriched plasma membrane of both human cisplatin-sensitive parental cell lines. Expression of these specific binding proteins was decreased in cells selected for cisplatin resistance. A protein band at Mr 36,000 that binds to 73As3+ was overexpressed in both human cisplatin-resistant cell lines. The finding of loss of distinct binding proteins for MTX, arsenate, and arsenite in association with decreased accumulation of these agents in cisplatin-resistant cells suggests a pleiotropic, possibly regulatory, alteration in these cells.
Reflections on the Research and Development of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) (2002)

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