gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic arm swinging in human walking (2009)

Humans tend to swing their arms when they walk, a curious behaviour since the arms play no obvious role in bipedal gait. It might be costly to use muscles to swing the arms, and it is unclear whether potential benefits elsewhere in the body would justify such costs. To examine these costs and benefits, we developed a passive dynamic walking model with free-swinging arms. Even with no torques driving the arms or legs, the model produced walking gaits with arm swinging similar to humans. Passive gaits with arm phasing opposite to normal were also found, but these induced a much greater reaction moment from the ground, which could require muscular effort in humans. We therefore hypothesized that the reduction of this moment may explain the physiological benefit of arm swinging. Experimental measurements of humans (n = 10) showed that normal arm swinging required minimal shoulder torque, while volitionally holding the arms still required 12 per cent more metabolic energy. Among measures of gait mechanics, vertical ground reaction moment was most affected by arm swinging and increased by 63 per cent without it. Walking with opposite-to-normal arm phasing required minimal shoulder effort but magnified the ground reaction moment, causing metabolic rate to increase by 26 per cent. Passive dynamics appear to make arm swinging easy, while indirect benefits from reduced vertical moments make it worthwhile overall.
The interferon-inducible antiviral protein Daxx is not essential for interferon-mediated protection against avian sarcoma virus (2014)

These results provide evidence that Daxx is not essential for the anti-ASV interferon response in mammalian cells, and that interferons deploy multiple, redundant antiviral mechanisms to protect cells from ASV.
Strain Analysis in the Assessment of a Mouse Model of Cardiotoxicity due to Chemotherapy: Sample for Preclinical Research. (2017)

In a murine model of doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury, we detected left ventricular dysfunction followed by alterations in conventional echocardiographic indices. Our study suggests that a change in strain could be an effective early marker of myocardial dysfunction for new anticancer treatments and, in preclinical studies, it might also be a valuable indicator for the assessment of activity of cardioprotective agents.
Innovations in Solid-State Lighting (2006)

This tutorial talk gives an overview of recent advances as well as future challenges in light-emitting diode technology for solid-state lighting applications. The discussion will include advanced nano-materials, packaging, and solid-state lighting systems.
A Facile Way To Synthesize Carbon-Coated LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/Reduced Graphene Oxide Sandwich-Structured Composite for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2019)

We develop a facial and highly efficient way to synthesize carbon-coated LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 (LMFP)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sandwich-structured composite (LMFP/rGO@C), which is fabricated by the d...
The number of contacts in random fibre networks (2012)

Abstract We present a method of determining the number of contacts in a planar fibrous network by first determining its average fibre segment length. An analytical expression is derived for the mean fibre segment length in terms of the average shortest path along fibres through the sample in the out-of-plane direction. The model is validated by applying the method to generated fibre networks, for which the segment lengths are known. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that the contact density is essentially proportional to the square of the solid content with a prefactor that depends only on the geometry of the fibres. The method is also tested on physical samples of cardboard, which were imaged with high resolution micro X-ray computed tomography. The results of the cardboards show similar behaviour as the generated fibre networks.
2-(Fluoromethyl)-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and its 2,3-epoxide. Inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase (1989)

2-(Fluoromethyl)-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (7) was synthesized from the known compound 2-bromo-3-methyl-1,4-dimethoxynaphthalene by N-bromosuccinimide bromination of the 3-methyl group, conversion to the corresponding 3-fluoromethyl compound with silver fluoride, attachment of the 3-phytyl substitutent via the lithium diaryl cuprate and phytyl bromide, and then silver oxide oxidation to 7. Epoxidation with basic hydrogen peroxide gave the corresponding 2,3-oxide (1) in a very low yield. Compound 1 was not a time-dependent inhibitor of beef liver microsomal vitamin K epoxide reductase, but it was a competitive, reversible inhibitor. It was not possible to determine if 1 was a substrate for the enzyme because the expected product of reduction, namely 7, rapidly decomposed under the assay conditions.
Remote conformational control of a molecular switch via methylation and deprotonation (2014)

Exacting control over conformation in response to an external stimulus is the central focus of molecular switching. Here we describe the synthesis of a series of diphenylacetylene-based molecular switches, and examine their response to covalent modification and deprotonation at remote phenolic positions. A complex interplay between multiple intramolecular hydrogen bond donors and acceptors determines the global conformation.
Measurements on a Thermally-Crosslinked Biopolymer for Future Implantable Antennas (2021)

The use of 3D printing in the body has a range of biomedical applications, including development of implantable antennas and other electronics. Using a biocompatible thermally crosslinked polymer material and a coaxial heating applicator, wire-like configurations could be “printed” directly into the body. This paper evaluates the heating time required to solidify the biopolymer in two concentrations of phosphate buffer solution.
Validation of the Parallel Three-Dimensional Solver for Analysis of Optical Plasmonic Bi-Periodic Multilayer Nanostructures (2010)

Fundamentals of the three-dimensional spatial harmonic analysis (SHA) approach are reviewed, and the advantages of a fast-converging formulation versus the initial formulation are emphasized with examples using periodic plasmonic nanostructures.
Jew Like Me: An Oral History of Congregation Temple Bethel, a Black synagogue in the West Oak Lane Neighborhood of Philadelphia (2009)

Daniel Ross, College '09, History; Science, Technology, and Society\n2008–09 Coordinating Research Fellow\nJew Like Me: An Oral History of Congregation Temple Bethel, a Black synagogue in the West Oak Lane Neighborhood of Philadelphia\nCongregation Temple Bethel is a 58 year-old Black synagogue in the West Oak Lane neighborhood of Philadelphia. It began as a prayer group in the living room of the founder, Rabbi Louise Elizabeth Dailey, and is today a thriving Jewish community. Mother Dailey died in 2001, but she was succeeded by her daughter, Rabbi Debra Bowen, who shares, along with several older members of the congregation, memories of the synagogue's earliest days. Theirs is a story that deserves telling, in the form of this oral history. The American Jewish community is considered whitewashed, yet a survey of the American Jewish universe increasingly uncovers a constellation of ethnic, class, and social backgrounds. This project is about the changing face of American Judaism, and the emerging identities behind it.
Functional semi-automated segmentation of renal DCE-MRI sequences using vector quantization (2008)

Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI sequences are the most used for renal functional analysis. Numerous parameters can be computed from time-intensity curves that require a time- consuming segmentation. The aim of this study, which was part of a national multicentric grant approved by the ethics committee, was to evaluate a semi-automated segmentation of renal DCE-MRI using a vectorial quantification.
Variable-Temperature Electrospray Ionization for Temperature-Dependent Folding/Refolding Reactions of Proteins and Ligand Binding (2021)

Stabilities and structure(s) of proteins are directly coupled to their local environment or Gibbs free energy landscape as defined by solvent, temperature, pressure, and concentration. Solution pH, ionic strength, cofactors, chemical chaperones, and osmolytes perturb the chemical potential and induce further changes in structure, stability, and function. At present, no single analytical technique can monitor these effects in a single measurement. Mass spectrometry and ion mobility-mass spectrometry play increasingly essential roles in studies of proteins, protein complexes, and even membrane protein complexes; however, with few exceptions, the effects of the solution temperature on the stability and structure(s) of analytes have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we describe a new variable-temperature electrospray ionization (vT-ESI) source that utilizes a thermoelectric chip to cool and heat the solution contained within the static ESI emitter. This design allows for solution temperatures to be varied from ∼5 to 98 °C with short equilibration times (<2 min) between precisely controlled temperature changes. The performance of the apparatus for vT-ESI-mass spectrometry and vT-ESI-ion mobility-mass spectrometry studies of cold- and heat-folding reactions is demonstrated using ubiquitin and frataxin. Instrument performance for studies on temperature-dependent ligand binding is shown using the chaperonin GroEL.
Polymer Nanotubules Obtained by Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition within AAO‐Membrane Templates with Sub‐100‐nm Pore Diameters (2010)

Well defined polymeric nanotubules with diameters less than 100 nm are prepared through the template-assisted layer-by-layer method by controlling the ratio of polymer dimension to pore size. The molecular weight of the polymers, the chain conformation, and the aggregation condition are finely tuned by adjusting the valency of salts as well as solution pH to prevent pore blockage originating from the polymer multilayer deposited at the top surface of the templates.
Subpopulacje limfocytów T i komórek NK we krwi obwodowej u zdrowych dzieci w wieku 3–19 lat (2011)

Streszczenie Wstep Ocena poszczegolnych subpopulacji komorek linii limfocytarnej krwi obwodowej ma istotne znaczenie w diagnostyce wielu zaburzen u dzieci. Analiza wynikow i mozliwośc oceny zmian w ukladzie limfoidalnym wymaga znajomości wartości odsetkowych i liczbowych poszczegolnych linii limfocytow określonych dla zdrowej populacji. Cel Celem aktualnej pracy bylo dokladne określenie wartości odsetkowych oraz bezwzglednych komorek ukladu limfoidalnego (subpopulacje linii limfocytow T i NK) we krwi obwodowej w populacji dzieci zdrowych. Material i metoda Badania wykonano za pomocą 6-kolorowej cytometrii przeplywowej u 40 zdrowych dzieci w wieku 3–19 lat. Wyniki Przedstawione w niniejszym opracowaniu mogą posluzyc jako odniesienie do celow kontrolno-porownawczych dla wynikow pacjentow z zaburzeniami w ukladzie immunologicznym w przebiegu roznego typu schorzen. Jest to pierwsza w Polsce publikacja w tak szeroki sposob określająca rozklad wybranych subpopulacji komorek jednojądrzastych krwi obwodowej u dzieci.
Patterned Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Selectively Thiol‐Functionalized Photo‐Orientation Layers (2003)

The patterned alignment of liquid crystals is demonstrated on selectively thiol‐functionalized photo‐orientation layers (see cover). Deposited thiols are covalently bound to unsaturated linkages in linearly photo‐polarizable materials, facilitating the simple and versatile combination of a bi‐directionally planar and a homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals within a single substrate (e.g., in Figure). This opens new possibilities for the design, manufacture, and application of existing and novel display concepts.
Influence of a GSK3β phosphorylation site within the proximal C-terminus of neurofilament-H on neurofilament dynamics (2017)

Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail of the heavy neurofilament subunit (NF-H) impacts neurofilament (NF) axonal transport and residence within axons by fostering NF-NF associations that compete with transport. We tested the role of phosphorylation of a GSK-3β consensus site (S493) located in the proximal portion of the NF-H tail in NF dynamics by transfection of NB2a/d1 cells with NF-H, where S493 was mutated to aspartic acid (S493D) or to alanine (S493A) to mimic constitutive phosphorylation and non-phosphorylation. S493D underwent increased transport into axonal neurites, while S493A displayed increased perikaryal NF aggregates that were decorated by anti-kinesin. Increased levels of S493A co-precipitated with anti-kinesin indicating that reduced transport of S493A was not due to reduced kinesin association but due to premature NF-NF interactions within perikarya. S493D displayed increased phospho-immunoreactivity within axonal neurites at downstream C-terminal sites attributable to mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase 5. However, S493D was more prone to proteolysis following kinase inhibition, suggesting that S493 phosphorylation is an early event that alters sidearm configuration in a manner that promotes appropriate NF distribution. We propose a novel model for sidearm configuration.
Modeling rod and cone photoreceptor cell survival in vivo using optical coherence tomography (2022)

Abstract Many retinal diseases involve the loss of light-sensing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) over time. The severity and distribution of photoreceptor loss varies widely across diseases and affected individuals, so characterizing the degree and pattern of photoreceptor loss can clarify pathophysiology and prognosis. Currently, in vivo visualization of individual photoreceptors requires technology such as adaptive optics, which has numerous limitations and is not widely used. By contrast, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is nearly ubiquitous in daily clinical practice given its ease of image acquisition and detailed visualization of retinal structure. However, OCT cannot resolve individual photoreceptors, and no OCT-based method exists to distinguish between the loss of rods versus cones. Here, we present a computational model that quantitatively estimates rod versus cone photoreceptor loss from OCT. Using histologic data of human photoreceptor topography, we constructed an OCT-based reference model to simulate outer nuclear layer thinning caused by differential loss of rods and cones. The model was able to estimate rod and cone loss using in vivo OCT data from patients with Stargardt disease and healthy controls. Our model provides a powerful new tool to quantify photoreceptor loss using OCT data alone, with potentially broad applications for research and clinical care.
Susceptibility to malaria in fulani, Bariba, Otamari and gando individuals living in sympatry in Benin: Role of opsonizing antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoites (2023)

Our results highlight the ability of opsonizing antibodies to potentially enhance natural protection of young Fulani individuals against Pf malaria in Benin.
A novel test-structure for detail interconnect fabric diagnosis for 90nm process (2004)

Using low-k materials is one of the important new technologies to improve circuit performance in capacitive-load rich interconnect fabric. However, it is very difficult to measure the permittivity of the low-k material in actual small pitched wires, including its statistical distribution within the die and wafer. We have already developed a technology to evaluate ILD (inter layer dielectric) dimensions by using special test-structures named ILDEx. This test-structure is used to extract ILD dimensions with capacitance measurement. The basic idea is a systematic electrical characterization of densely-pitched interconnect fabric accompanied with a CAD tool which conducts intensive 3D capacitance computation and a new ILD-data extraction algorithm. However, the ILDEx test-structure needs a specific layout area to get 10-100 fF capacitance as well as additional de-embedding patterns. In this work, we present a newly developed multi-layer ILDEx test-structure with a CBCM circuit, which results in a compact and accurate extraction of ILD dimensions.
Multi-Sensor Array Imaging System for Synthesizing Arbitrary Viewpoint Images and Its Depth Estimation Method (2007)

We have been investigating a multi-sensor system on which arbitrary viewpoint images can be synthesized by using image based rendering (IBR). The imaging system consists of randomly accessible smart image sensors and a field programmable gate array control circuit and generates real-time arbitrary viewpoint images. Although the system can generate more realistic images compared with the model-based rendering system, the generated images degrade if the depth information used for synthesis has errors. We have now created a method for estimating depth using the IBR imaging system. Various synthesized images are repeatedly compared with an actual image that is captured with a sensor. The depth information enables the generation of more realistic arbitrary viewpoint images.
UV-Cross-Linked Composite Polymer Electrolyte for High-Rate, Ambient Temperature Lithium Batteries (2019)

We report an innovative cross-linked composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) based on the garnet-type ceramic super Li+ ion conductor, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), that is encompassed in a supersoft poly(ethylene oxide)/tetraglyme matrix. UV-induced, facile and solvent-free cross-linking process ensures flexible and self-standing CPEs, which are nonflammable and perfectly shape-retaining under thermal/mechanical stress. The CPEs exhibit high ionic conductivity, exceeding 0.1 mS cm–1 at 20 °C, suitable for ambient and subambient temperature operation. Lab-scale lithium metal polymer cells assembled with LiFePO4-based composite cathode and the optimized CPE deliver full capacity at low current rates and outstanding specific discharge capacity of 115 mAh g–1 at 1C rate and ambient temperature. Remarkably, the lithium metal cell can run for hundreds of galvanostatic cycles (>400) with low overpotential, limited fading, and excellent Coulombic efficiency (>99%), which postulates the practical application of the newly developed CPEs as truly solid separating electrolytes in high-power energy storage technologies, assuring safety and performance in a wide range of operating conditions.
XED (2016)

Large-granularity memory failures continue to be a critical impediment to system reliability. To make matters worse, as DRAM scales to smaller nodes, the frequency of unreliable bits in DRAM chips continues to increase. To mitigate such scaling-related failures, memory vendors are planning to equip existing DRAM chips with On-Die ECC. For maintaining compatibility with memory standards, On-Die ECC is kept invisible from the memory controller. This paper explores how to design high reliability memory systems in presence of On-Die ECC. We show that if On-Die ECC is not exposed to the memory system, having a 9-chip ECC-DIMM (implementing SECDED) provides almost no reliability benefits compared to an 8-chip non-ECC DIMM. We also show that if the error detection of On-Die ECC can be exposed to the memory controller, then Chipkill-level reliability can be achieved even with a 9-chip ECC-DIMM. To this end, we propose e&lt;u&gt;X&lt;/u&gt;posed On-Die &lt;u&gt;E&lt;/u&gt;rror &lt;u&gt;D&lt;/u&gt;etection (XED) , which exposes the On-Die error detection information without requiring changes to the memory standards or consuming bandwidth overheads. When the On-Die ECC detects an error, XED transmits a pre-defined "catch-word" instead of the corrected data value. On receiving the catch-word, the memory controller uses the parity stored in the 9-chip of the ECC-DIMM to correct the faulty chip (similar to RAID-3). Our studies show that XED provides Chipkill-level reliability (172x higher than SECDED), while incurring negligible overheads, with a 21% lower execution time than Chipkill. We also show that XED can enable Chipkill systems to provide Double-Chipkill level reliability while avoiding the associated storage, performance, and power overheads.
Transgenic mouse models in angiogenesis and cardiovascular disease (2000)

Novel gene technologies have allowed us to manipulate the genetic balance of candidate molecules in mice in a controllable manner. Homologous or site-specific recombination in embryonic stem cells allows us to study the consequences of deficiencies, mutations, and conditional or tissue-specific expression of gene products in transgenic mice. These technological breakthroughs have significantly advanced biomedical research and broadened our understanding of the pathophysiological role of candidate disease genes. In addition, gene transfer allows us to test the possible therapeutic use of gene products for gene therapy. A variety of assays have been miniaturized, allowing analysis of cardiovascular physiology in the mouse. With the advent of genome sequencing programmes, these gene technologies provide means of studying gene function in a conclusive manner. Furthermore, disease models can be generated which can be used as test models for (gene) therapy or for the discovery of novel genes using differential gene profiling techniques. The present review will focus on the molecular basis of how blood vessels form (angiogenesis and arteriogenesis) and how they become diseased. A selected number of molecules that have been studied in the authors' laboratory will be reviewed in more detail. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase-Shift-Network-Based Differential Sequential Estimation for Code Acquisition in CDMA Systems (2007)

In this paper, a novel pseudo noise (PN) code acquisition scheme called the phase-shift-network-based differential sequential estimation (PDSE) is proposed, in the presence of data modulation in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. The PDSE has even less complexity compared with that of the dual correlating sequential estimation (DCSE), and the reduction in complexity becomes more significant as the period of PN code increases. Numerical results demonstrate that the PDSE performs equivalently to the DCSE with less complexity.
Novel amphiphilic triblocks fitted with photocrosslinkable termini, and their photocrosslinking to conetworks (2007)

Abstract Two new telechelic amphiphilic triblock copolymers, HE 3 ‐PEG‐ b ‐PDMS‐ b ‐PEG‐HE 3 and HE 3 ‐PEG‐ b ‐PDMS‐ b ‐PEG‐HE 3 , i.e., sequence‐reversed triblocks of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) segments fitted with photocrosslinkable tri[2‐(3,4‐cyclohexane oxide)ethyl‐dimethylsiloxy]silane (HE 3 ) termini, were synthesized, characterized, photocrosslinked to amphiphilic conetworks (APCNs), and the properties of the APCNs were analyzed. APCNs in which the crosslinking sites are located in the hydrophobic domains exhibited significantly better mechanical properties than those in which the crosslinks were in the hydrophilic domains. The stiff domains formed of the UV‐crosslinkable HE 3 chain‐end substituents provide not only crosslinking but reinforcement as well. The crosslinking/reinforcement efficiency was greatly enhanced by the addition of excess HE 3 . Water‐swollen APCNs were optically clear and exhibited mechanical properties appropriate for biomedical application. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 174–185, 2008