gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cocoa Procyanidins on the Secretion of Interleukin-4 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2000)

Given the widespread ingestion of cocoa in many cultures, we investigated whether cocoa, in its isolated procyanidin fractions (monomer through decamer), would modulate synthesis of the antiinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-4 (IL-4). Both resting and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were investigated at the protein secretion level. The smaller-sized cocoa fractions (tetramer or less) were unable to induce an IL-4 response (i.e., values fell below the detection limit of 0.25 pg/ml). The larger oligomeric procyanidins (pentamer or greater) stimulated secretion of IL-4 in resting PBMC by as much as 1.42 pg/ml, as shown by the nonamer. However, only the hexameric, heptameric, and decameric fractions proved to be statistically significant. Cells coincubated with PHA showed an immense increase in secretory IL-4 (21.1 ± 1.1 pg/ml). Only the monomeric fraction was able to enhance PHA-induced secretion by 48%. The other procyanidin oligomers suppressed IL-4 production; in particular, the hexameric, heptameric, and octameric fractions significantly inhibited mitogen-stimulated secretion of IL-4, by 55%, 61%, and 71% respectively. This study offers additional data for consideration of the health benefits of dietary polyphenols from a wide variety of foods, including those benefits associated specifically with cocoa and chocolate consumption.
Taxane Synthesis through Intramolecular Pinacol Coupling at C-1−C-2. Construction and Oxidative Transformations of a C-Aromatic Taxane Diene (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTTaxane Synthesis through Intramolecular Pinacol Coupling at C-1−C-2. Construction and Oxidative Transformations of a C-Aromatic Taxane DieneCharles S. Swindell, Madhavi C. Chandler, Julia M. Heerding, Peter G. Klimko, Leera T. Rahman, J. Venkat Raman, and Hemalatha VenkataramanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 15, 5190Publication Date (Web):July 26, 1996Publication History Published online26 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9640074https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9640074correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
H3N2 Influenza Virus Transmission from Swine to Turkeys, United States (2004)

In 1998, a novel H3N2 reassortant virus emerged in the United States swine population. We report the interspecies transmission of this virus to turkeys in two geographically distant farms in the United States in 2003. This event is of concern, considering the reassortment capacity of this virus and the susceptibility of turkey to infection by avian influenza viruses. Two H3N2 isolates, A/turkey/NC/16108/03 and A/turkey/MN/764/03, had 98.0% to 99.9% nucleotide sequence identity to each other in all eight gene segments. All protein components of the turkey isolates had 97% to 98% sequence identity to swine H3N2 viruses, thus demonstrating interspecies transmission from pigs to turkeys. The turkey isolates were better adapted to avian hosts than were their closest swine counterparts, which suggests that the viruses had already begun to evolve in the new host. The isolation of swine-like H3N2 influenza viruses from turkeys raises new concerns for the generation of novel viruses that could affect humans.
Spatially Separated Distribution and Highly Flexible Expression of Adhesion Molecules Facilitates Dynamic Hematopoiesis (2007)

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To Die or to Survive, a Fatal Question for the Destiny of Prostate Cancer Cells after Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2011)

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer in adult males in North America and is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. For locally advanced or metastatic disease, androgen deprivation, through medical or surgical castration, is the primary treatment to induce prostate cancer cell death and extend patient survival. However, the vast majority of cancers progress to a castration-resistant/androgen-independent state where the cell death processes are no longer active. This review describes the main cell death processes, apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis and necroptosis, which may be activated in prostate cancers after androgen deprivation therapy as well as the molecular mechanisms through which the cancers progress to become castration resistant. In particular, the central role of persistent androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling and AR crosstalk with other critical cell signaling pathways, including (i) the PI3K/Akt pathway, (ii) receptor tyrosine kinases, (iii) the p38 MAPK pathway, and (iv) the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as well as reactivation of AR by de novo synthesized androgen are discussed in this context. Understanding the molecular changes that subvert normal cell death mechanisms and thereby compromise the survival of prostate cancer patients continues to be a major challenge.
Nocturnal hypoglycaemia andsleep disturbances inyoung teenagerswithinsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (1996)

Objective-To determine theeffect ofnocturnal hypoglycaemia onsleeparchitectureinadolescents withinsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Design-20 adolescents withIDDM (mean age12.8years, mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1) 8.9%)werestudied onone night.Plasmaglucosewas measured every30minutes andcortisol andgrowth hormonelevels every60minutes. Sleep wasrecorded usingstandard polysomnographic montages, andsleep architecture wasanalysed fortotal sleep time,stages 1-4,rapideyemovement,fragmentation, andarousals. Results-Six subjects (30%) becamehypoglycaemic (five subjects < 2.5mmolIl), withonebeingsymptomatic. Therewere nodifferences inage,HbAlc, duration of diabetes, or insulin regimenbetween hypoglycaemic and non-hypoglycaemic subjects. Hypoglycaemia was notpredictedbyglucose measurements before bed.Therewas no detectable risein plasmacortisol orgrowthhormoneconcentrations duringhypoglycaemia. Sleep architecture wasnotdisturbed bynocturnalhypoglycaemia withno differences foundinsleepstages, fragmentation, or arousals. Conclusions-Nocturnal hypoglycaemia isa common andusually asymptomatic complication oftreatment inadolescents withIDDM.Moderatehypoglycaemia has notbeenshowntoaffect sleep architecture adversely. Thesefindings areconsistent with,andmay explain, theobservation thatseverehypoglycaemia, withconsequentseizure activity, ismorecommonat nightthanduringtheday.Counterregulatory hormoneresponses tonocturnalhypoglycaemia may belessmarked thanwithsimilardegreesof diurnal hypoglycaemia. (Arch DisChild 1996;75:120-123)
Bilateral disease and risk of prostate cancer progression in an active surveillance cohort. (2021)

207 Background: Active surveillance (AS) is considered the standard of care for managing patients with low-risk prostate cancer. Identifying risk factors for disease progression on AS can improve risk stratification. As previously described, the presence of bilateral disease may affect disease progression. Current systematic biopsy techniques inadequately predict presence of bilateral disease. We hypothesize that combined mpMRI-guided fusion biopsy and systematic biopsy will improve detection of bilateral disease. Methods: Our institutional database of patients referred for AS from 2007-2020 was queried. All AS patients received combined 12-core systematic biopsy and mpMRI-Fusion biopsy (Cbx), and those with Gleason Grade group 1 (GG1) on confirmatory Cbx were included. Cox regression analysis identified baseline characteristics associated with AS progression, defined as progression to GG ≥ 2. The distributions of GG and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk categories were also compared. Results: 103 patients with prostate cancer and at least one follow-up biopsy at our institution were included in the analysis. 30% (31/103) had bilateral disease and 70% (72/103) had unilateral disease. On univariable and multivariable analysis, both PSAD (univariable HR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.2; multivariable HR = 1.7; CI: 1.2-2.5) and presence of bilateral disease (univariable HR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3-4.0; multivariable HR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-4.0) at time of confirmatory biopsy were significantly associated with AS progression. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, median time from Cbx to AS progression ≥ GG2 for the whole cohort was 52 months (95% CI: 44 - 68). The median time to progression for patients with unilateral and bilateral disease was 68 months and 52 months, respectively (log-rank test, p = 0.0055). Bilateral disease was marginally associated with receiving an NCCN score of high or very high on upgraded biopsy (RR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.004-9.932). NCCN score at time of confirmatory biopsy was not associated with progression. However, NCCNs scores and GG at time of progression were higher among patients with bilateral disease (p = 0.015 and p = 0.024). Ultimately, use of combined biopsy resulted in 16.1% more bilateral cancers detected when compared to systematic biopsy. Conclusions: Detection of bilateral disease using combined biopsy was significantly associated with disease progression in patients on AS. Notably, combined biopsy resulted in greater detection of bilateral disease than systematic biopsy alone. Identifying presence of bilateral disease using combined biopsy could ultimately contribute to management decisions in patients on AS.
Unraveling Molecular Fingerprints of Catalytic Sulfur Poisoning at the Nanometer Scale with Near-Field Infrared Spectroscopy (2022)

Fundamental understanding of catalytic deactivation phenomena such as sulfur poisoning occurring on metal/metal-oxide interfaces is essential for the development of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts with extended lifetimes. Unambiguous identification of catalytic poisoning species requires experimental methods simultaneously delivering accurate information regarding adsorption sites and adsorption geometries of adsorbates with nanometer-scale spatial resolution, as well as their detailed chemical structure and surface functional groups. However, to date, it has not been possible to study catalytic sulfur poisoning of metal/metal-oxide interfaces at the nanometer scale without sacrificing chemical definition. Here, we demonstrate that near-field nano-infrared spectroscopy can effectively identify the chemical nature, adsorption sites, and adsorption geometries of sulfur-based catalytic poisons on a Pd(nanodisk)/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (thin-film) planar model catalyst surface at the nanometer scale. The current results reveal striking variations in the nature of sulfate species from one nanoparticle to another, vast alterations of sulfur poisoning on a single Pd nanoparticle as well as at the assortment of sulfate species at the active metal-metal-oxide support interfacial sites. These findings provide critical molecular-level insights crucial for the development of long-lifetime precious metal catalysts resistant toward deactivation by sulfur.
Materials for lasers and nonlinear optics (2021)

Selecting from but a handful of commercially available laser and nonlinear optical crystals, laser designers have produced an impressive array of lasers able to perform a wide range of scientific, commercial, industrial, and military applications. Laser design possibilities were enormously expanded with the development in the late-1980s of efficient and powerful semiconductor laser diodes as pump sources for solid state lasers. The development of semiconductor laser diode pump sources throughout the 650–2000nm spectral band that are efficient, powerful and narrowband, has revolutionised the field of lasers based on rare earth and transition-metal doped solid state materials. The nonradiative decay of electronic levels in laser crystals also strongly influences the performance of solid state lasers. The “energy-gap” law, elucidated by empirical studies performed by Riseberg and Moos and by Riseberg and Weber, is especially useful in the screening of possible novel diode-pumped laser schemes.
Tebipenem, the first oral carbapenem antibiotic (2018)

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens, particularly Gram-negative bacteria, have become increasingly challenging to successfully treat. The beta-lactam antibiotic subclass, the carbapenems, have proven valuable for the treatment of such Gram-negative bacterial infections due to their spectrum and β-lactamase stability properties. However, all marketed carbapenems to date are parenterally administered to adult patients. Areas covered: One carbapenem, tebipenem-pivoxil (TBPM-PI), is an oral prodrug that was approved in Japan for pediatric use only in 2009. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical data for TBPM-PI, which is now in clinical development again this time for use as the first oral carbapenem available for treatment of bacterial infections in adult patients. Expert commentary: There is an urgent unmet need with an increasing prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant and ESBL-producing Gram-negative pathogens in the hospital and community setting. Carbapenems have traditionally been considered the drugs of choice for infections caused by enterobacteria producing ESBL and AmpC enzymes because they are not affected by these resistance mechanisms. The carbapenem, TBPM-PI, offers an oral option, particularly as step-down therapy, for use of this class in the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections.
Isolator/Combustion Chamber Interactions During Supersonic Combustion (2009)

The effects of pressure rise in the combustion chamber on the isolator flow were studied experimentally at three conditions with isolator entrance Mach number of 1.6, 1.9 and 2.5 . S park schlieren photography and wall pressure measurements were employed . These conditions cover the range of dual -mode combustion and transition to full scramjet operation. Heat release through combustion in the model scramjet was simulated by incrementally blocking the flow exit until upstream -interaction was induced and a shock train formed in the isolator. Theoretical predictions of the pressure rise in the isolator under separ ated flow conditions agreed w ell with the experimental data. The prediction is sensitive to the accurate modeling of the isolator inlet conditions and the correct selection of wall friction coefficient .
Fascicles Split or Merge Every ~560 Microns Within the Human Cervical Vagus Nerve (2021)

1 Abstract Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is FDA approved for stroke rehabilitation, epilepsy, and depression; however, the vagus functional anatomy underlying the implant is poorly understood. We used microCT to quantify fascicular structure and neuroanatomy within human cervical vagus nerves. Fascicles split or merged every ~560 μm (17.8 ± 6.1 events/cm). The high degree of fascicular splitting and merging in humans may explain the clinical heterogeneity in patient responses.
Single Plant Derived Nanotechnology for Synergistic Antibacterial Therapies (2016)

Multiple new approaches to tackle multidrug resistant infections are urgently needed and under evaluation. One nanotechnology-based approach to delivering new relevant therapeutics involves silicon accumulator plants serving as a viable silicon source in green routes for the fabrication of the nanoscale drug delivery carrier porous silicon (pSi). If the selected plant leaf components contain medicinally-active species as well, then a single substance can provide not only the nanoscale high surface area drug delivery carrier, but the drug itself. With this idea in mind, porous silicon was fabricated from joints of the silicon accumulator plant Bambuseae (Tabasheer) and loaded with an antibacterial extract originating from leaves of the same type of plant (Bambuseae arundinacea). Preparation of porous silicon from Tabasheer includes extraction of biogenic silica from the ground plant by calcination, followed by reduction with magnesium in the presence of sodium chloride, thereby acting as a thermal moderator that helps to retain the mesoporous structure of the feedstock. The purified product was characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and low temperature nitrogen gas adsorption measurements. Antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of a leaf extract of Bambuseae arundinacea was tested against the bacteria Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus), along with the fungus Candida albicans (C. Albicans). A S. aureus active ethanolic leaf extract was loaded into the above Tabasheer-derived porous silicon. Initial studies indicate sustained in vitro antibacterial activity of the extract-loaded plant derived pSi (25 wt %, TGA), as measured by disk diffusion inhibitory zone assays. Subsequent chromatographic separation of this extract revealed that the active antimicrobial species present include stigmasterol and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone.
Halitosis and Helicobacter pylori. A Possible Link? (1992)

The exact pathophysiological mechanism of halitosis is not clear, and in many patients the etiology is an enigma. We followed three couples in which one member or both had halitosis. All the subjects had evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. All received a treatment course of colloidal bismuth subcitrate four times a day and 250 mg metronidazole three times a day. There was impressive improvement in their symptoms, the halitosis disappearing along with eradication of the organism. We call the attention of physicians to the possible connection between halitosis, H. pylori infection, and familial occurrence. Further studies to confirm this surprising association are in order.
Quantifying Intrinsic Value of Information of Trajectories (2021)

A trajectory, defined as a sequence of location measurements, contains valuable information about movements of an individual. Its value of information (VOI) may change depending on the specific application. However, in a variety of applications, knowing the intrinsic VOI of a trajectory is important to guide other subsequent tasks or decisions. This work aims to find a principled framework to quantify the intrinsic VOI of trajectories from the owner's perspective. This is a challenging problem because an appropriate framework needs to take into account various characteristics of the trajectory, prior knowledge, and different types of trajectory degradation. We propose a framework based on information gain (IG) as a principled approach to solve this problem. Our IG framework transforms a trajectory with discrete-time measurements to a canonical representation, i.e., continuous in time with continuous mean and variance estimates, and then quantifies the reduction of uncertainty about the locations of the owner over a period of time as the VOI of the trajectory. Qualitative and extensive quantitative evaluation show that the IG framework is capable of effectively capturing important characteristics contributing to the VOI of trajectories.
An iterative pruning of 2-D digital predistortion model based on normalized polynomial terms (2013)

This paper proposes a new method to prune the kernels of 2-D digital preditortion (2-D-DPD) model. The conventional 2-D-DPD model is rewritten as a new form with each of the polynomial terms normalized for further pruning. Then an iteration based characterization process is taken to prune the terms of the model. Two experiments on different PAs were taken to verify the method. Both of them prove the proposed method works effectively to prune the terms of 2-D-DPD model without losing modeling precision. The numbers of coefficients in the model were reduced from 24 to 9 and from 30 to 13 while only about 1dB adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and 1dB normalized mean square error (NMSE) were sacrificed.
3D Polyaniline Architecture by Concurrent Inorganic and Organic Acid Doping for Superior and Robust High Rate Supercapacitor Performance (2016)

A good high rate supercapacitor performance requires a fine control of morphological (surface area and pore size distribution) and electrical properties of the electrode materials. Polyaniline (PANI) is an interesting material in supercapacitor context because it stores energy Faradaically. However in conventional inorganic (e.g. HCl) acid doping, the conductivity is high but the morphological features are undesirable. On the other hand, in weak organic acid (e.g. phytic acid) doping, interesting and desirable 3D connected morphological features are attained but the conductivity is poorer. Here the synergy of the positive quality factors of these two acid doping approaches is realized by concurrent and optimized strong-inorganic (HCl) and weak-organic (phytic) acid doping, resulting in a molecular composite material that renders impressive and robust supercapacitor performance. Thus, a nearly constant high specific capacitance of 350 F g(-1) is realized for the optimised case of binary doping over the entire range of 1 A g(-1) to 40 A g(-1) with stability of 500 cycles at 40 A g(-1). Frequency dependant conductivity measurements show that the optimized co-doped case is more metallic than separately doped materials. This transport property emanates from the unique 3D single molecular character of such system.
A new data-driven approach to modeling coastal bathymetry from hyperspectral imagery using manifold coordinates (2005)

Recently a new approach to modeling nonlinear structure in hyperspectral imagery was introduced [Bachmann et al., 2005]. The new method is a data-driven approach which extracts a set of coordinates that directly parameterize nonlinearities present in hyperspectral imagery, both on land and in the water column. The motivation for such a parameterization and its applicability to coastal bathymetry is based on the physical expectation that in shallow waters in a region that is homogeneous in bottom type and dissolved constituents, the reflectance at any particular wavelength should decay exponentially as a function of depth. If the rate varies with wavelength, then the reflectance should best be described by a nonlinear sheet or manifold in spectral space. Other changes in the structure of the data manifold can be expected as inherent optical properties (IOP) and bottom type vary. The manifold coordinates can be used to extract information concerning the latter as well. In the present work, we compare a manifold coordinate based approach to extracting bathymetry with prior work [Maness et al., 2005] based on radiative transfer modeling; the latter defined a set of look-up tables produced by repeated execution of a radiative transfer software package known as EcoLight. Comparative results for the two approaches are presented for the same Portable Hyperspectral Imager for low-light spectroscopy (PHILLS) airborne hyperspectral scene, acquired over the Indian River Lagoon in Florida in July 2004 and described in [Maness et al., 2005].