gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)—multiwalled carbon nanotube composite structures with performance as high rate electrode materials for Li-ion batteries (2023)

A method of synthesizing an electrode material for lithium ion batteries from Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to yield (Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-NWNTs) composite heterostructures. The method includes linking the Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes using a π-π interaction synthesis process to yield the composite heterostructure electrode material. Since Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; has an intermediate voltage, it can be considered an anode (when paired with a higher voltage material) or a cathode (when paired with a lower voltage material).
The role of the carbon-silicon complex in eliminating deep ultraviolet absorption in AlN (2014)

Co-doping AlN crystals with Si is found to suppress the unwanted 4.7 eV (265 nm) deep ultraviolet absorption associated with isolated carbon acceptors common in materials grown by physical vapor transport. Density functional theory calculations with hybrid functionals demonstrate that silicon forms a stable nearest-neighbor defect complex with carbon. This complex is predicted to absorb at 5.5 eV and emit at or above 4.3 eV. Absorption and photoluminescence measurements of co-doped samples confirm the presence of the predicted CN-SiAl complex absorption and emission peaks and significant reduction of the 4.7 eV absorption. Other sources of deep ultraviolet absorption in AlN are also discussed.
Prädiktoren für den Versorgungserfolg mit CI nach Vestibularisschwannom Therapie (2020)

Einleitung Patienten, die an einem Vestibularisschwannom (VS) oder dessen Behandlung ertauben, können von einem Cochlea Implantat (CI) profitieren. Der Erfolg der CI- Versorgung ist bei dieser Patientengruppe jedoch sehr unterschiedlich. Der Zusammenhang zwischen präoperativ zu erfassenden Parametern und der finalen Performance mit dem CI ist bisher nicht evaluiert. Ziel ist es, medizinische und audiologische Prädiktoren für den Versorgungserfolg mit dem CI zu identifizieren.
Nodal lymph flow quantified with afferent vessel input function allows differentiation between normal and cancer-bearing nodes (2015)

Morbidity and complexity involved in lymph node staging via surgical resection and biopsy could ideally be improved using node assay techniques that are non-invasive. While visible blue dyes are often used to locate the sentinel lymph nodes from draining lymphatic vessels near a tumor, they do not provide an in situ metric to evaluate presence of cancer. In this study, the transport kinetics of methylene blue were analyzed to determine the potential for better in situ information about metastatic involvement in the nodes. A rat model with cancer cells in the axillary lymph nodes was used, with methylene blue injection to image the fluorescence kinetics. The lymphatic flow from injection sites to nodes was imaged and the relative kinetics from feeding lymphatic ducts relative to lymph nodes was quantified. Large variability existed in raw fluorescence and transport patterns within each cohort resulting in no systematic difference between average nodal uptake in normal, sham control and cancer-bearing nodes. However, when the signal from the afferent lymph vessel fluorescence was used to normalize the signal of the lymph nodes, the high signal heterogeneity was reduced. Using a model, the lymph flow through the nodes [Formula: see text] was estimated to be 1.49 ± 0.64 ml/g/min in normal nodes, 1.53 ± 0.45 ml/g/min in sham control nodes, and reduced to 0.50 ± 0.24 ml/g/min in cancer-cell injected nodes. This summarizes the significant difference (p = 0.0002) between cancer-free and cancer-bearing nodes in normalized flow. This process of normalized flow imaging could be used as an in situ tool to detect metastatic involvement in nodes.
Optimal Band-Limited Trajectory Planning and Control for an Inverted Wheeled Pendulum (2004)

Mobile inverted pendulum robots consist of an elongated pendulum body with two motors mounted on it for driving the wheels. The velocity and position control of such a vehicle is challenging because of the coupling of the pendulum’s pitch angle from the vertical and the Cartesian motion of the vehicle. On using a nonlinear transform to effect partial feedback linearization, the system dynamics transforms to two subsystems: a linear system with the vehicle’s pitch and in-plane orientation, and a nonlinear system of internal dynamics. In this paper, the problem of utilizing such a partial feedback linearization for optimal trajectory planning of such vehicles is considered. Due to the resulting linear subsystem with vehicle pitch and in-plane orientation, these configuration variables can be controlled by a linear controller (C) using a nonlinear feedback. The planning approach presented in this paper considers the time-constant (τ) of the linear controller C explicitly. A band-limited Sinc-function interpolation is used to plan the variables in the method of collocation. This ensures that high frequency signal content which cannot be handled by the controller C, is absent in the planned trajectory, making the plan better implementable by the controller. The planned trajectory takes the vehicle from point to point, while keeping the vehicle pitch bounded and avoiding obstacles. The optimality condition considered in the algorithm is the length of the path. The optimization problem posed after collocation, is then solved using a standard Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) solver. Simulation results show that the tracking controller C is able to follow the planned trajectory when no initial planar Cartesian error is present.
Al-2.46 Dry Development (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Ionic conductance of synthetic channels: analysis, lessons, and recommendations (2011)

Synthetic ion channels have been known for nearly three decades, but it is only in the past decade that analysis of the currents these ionic conductors carry has become a standard technique. A broad range of structural types have been explored and these reports have produced a very diverse collection of ion channel conductance behaviours. In this critical review we describe a notational method to extract salient information from reported ion channel experiments. We use an activity grid to represent quantitative information on conductance and opening duration with a five-level colour code to represent qualitative information on the nature of the conductance-time profile. Analysis of the cumulative dataset suggests that the reported conductance data can reflect the structural features of the compounds prepared, but does also reflect the energetic landscape of the bilayer membrane in which synthetic ion channels function (143 references).
DLTS characterization of proton‐implanted silicon under varying annealing conditions (2014)

Deep‐level defects remaining in the upper half of the band‐gap of silicon implanted with protons at fluences and annealing temperatures typically used for proton‐implantation doping are investigated. For proton fluences in the range of several 10 13 cm −2 to several 10 14 cm −2 , a multitude of deep‐level defects remain active in comparatively high concentrations of up to 10 13 cm −3 even after anneals at temperatures up to 500 °C. The detected deep‐levels are assigned to known lattice defects on the basis of their electrical characteristics obtained by Fourier‐transform DLTS measurements. Despite the low oxygen content of the float‐zone silicon used, a large number of the detected defects are ascribed to (non‐)hydrogenated vacancy‐oxygen defects. The annealing temperature ranges, in which the deep‐level defects were detected, are shown. Furthermore, the dependencies of the deep‐level defects on the proton fluence and their depth distributions in the implantation profile are investigated.
Localization of the extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor and PTH/PTHrP receptor in rat kidney (1996)

Using a strategy based on homology to the bovine parathyroid Ca(2+)-sensing receptor previously identified by us (5), we have recently isolated an extracellular, G protein-coupled Ca2+/ polyvalent cation-sensing receptor, RaKCaR (22), from rat kidney. The localization and physiological role(s) of this receptor in the kidney are not well understood. In the present study, we assessed the distribution of mRNAs for RaKCaR and the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH/PTHrP) receptor along the rat nephron by in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of microdissected nephron segments. Our results show that transcripts for both receptors coexpress at glomeruli, proximal convoluted tubule, proximal straight tubule, cortical thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, and cortical collecting duct. In addition, RaKCaR (but not PTH/PTHrP receptor) transcripts were found in the medullary thick ascending limb and outer medullary and inner medullary collecting ducts. These findings raise the possibility of roles for RaKCaR not only in the regulation of divalent mineral reabsorption but also in water reabsorption and urinary concentration. Taken together, our results provide new insights in understanding the effects of hypercalcemia on hormone-stimulated salt and water transport.
Internalization and Stability of a Thymidylate Synthase Peptide Inhibitor in Ovarian Cancer Cells (2014)

Information on the cellular internalization and stability of the ovarian cancer cell growth inhibitor peptide, LSCQLYQR (LR), is vital for lead optimization. Ad-hoc-synthesized LR/fluorescent-probe conjugates were used to monitor the internalization of the peptide. Mass spectrometry was used to identify adducts resulting from the thiol reactivity of the cysteine residue in LR. A mechanistic model is proposed to explain the observed change in intracellular peptide amount over time. Structural modifications can be foreseen to improve the peptide stability.
Interleukin-6 stimulates c-myc expression and proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. (1990)

The effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine recently found to be secreted by monocytes and macrophages, on c-myc expression and proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were investigated. Treatment with IL-6 caused rapid increase in the c-myc mRNA level of VSMC. It also stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation of the cells significantly and dose-dependently at concentrations of more than 10 U/ml. These results suggest that IL-6 may be important in the proliferation of VSMC, which is a key event in the development of arteriosclerosis, as a factor mediating immune cell-VSMC interaction.
Fault tolerant capability of deadbeat — Direct torque and flux control for three-phase PMSM drives (2016)

This paper investigates the performance of a three phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive operating under a single fault, adopting a fault tolerant (FT) control, based on deadbeat - direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC). DB-DTFC offers an independent regulation of the electromagnetic torque and the stator flux linkage by using a control law based on an inverse discrete time physical model. During fault conditions, the PMSM drive requires very limited hardware and software reconfigurations. The drive model equations result very similarly to those adopted for the healthy electric drive just by using a different matrix transformation set when the drive operates under a faulty condition. The proposed fault tolerant DB-DTFC ensures satisfactory faulty operations and drive stability, without increasing the computational efforts.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Flow Boiling of R134a in Uniformly Heated Horizontal Circular Microtubes (2010)

An experimental study of two-phase heat transfer coefficients was carried out using R134a in uniformly heated horizontal circular microtubes with diameters of 0.50 mm and 1.60 mm. The effects of mass flux, heat flux, saturation pressure, and vapor quality on heat transfer coefficients were studied. The flow parameters investigated were as follows: exit pressures of 490, 670, 890, and 1160 kPa; mass fluxes of 300–1500 kg/m2s; heat fluxes of 0–350 kW/m2; inlet subcooling of 5, 20, and 40 °C; and exit qualities of 0 to 1.0. The parametric trends presented in the study are consistent with published literature. Heat transfer coefficients increased with increasing heat flux and saturation pressure while they were independent of variations in mass flux. Vapor quality had a negligible influence on heat transfer coefficients. For the conditions studied, the trends indicated that the dominant heat transfer mechanism was nucleate boiling. The experimental data was compared to three microchannel correlations — the Lazarek-Black, the Kandlikar, and the Tran Correlations. None of the correlations predicted the experimental data very well, although they all predicted the correct trend within limits of experimental error.
Can We Identify Why Athletes Fail to Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2020)

The estimated rate of athletes who did not return to sport after hip arthroscopy for FAIS was 12%, with the majority of athletes being unable to return because of persistent hip pain. There is a severe lack of evidence on the athlete characteristics and clinical course of the nonreturning athletes, and the rate of subsequent hip procedures is unknown. The outcomes and reasons for athletes not returning to sport should be reported in detail to improve patient care.
Leveraging green communications for carbon emission reductions: Techniques, testbeds, and emerging carbon footprint standards (2011)

Green communication systems and, in broader terms, green information and communications technologies have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. This article provides an overview of two issues related to achieving the full carbon abatement potential of ICT. First, green communications research challenges are discussed, notably as they pertain to networking issues. Various initiatives regarding green ICT testbeds are presented in the same realm in order to validate the "green performance" and functionality of such greener cyber-infrastructure. Second, this article offers a description of ongoing international efforts to standardize methodologies that accurately quantify the carbon abatement potential of ICTs, an essential tool to ensure the economic viability of green ICT in the low carbon economy and carbon credit marketplace of the 21st century.
Abstract LB-249: Characterization of a novel potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitor and a resistance mechanism (2012)

Abstract CDK4 and CDK6 are two highly related cyclin D-dependent cell cycle regulatory kinases. CDK4/6 activity promotes G1 to S phase transition by phosphorylating the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor protein. Here, we report the characterization of a potent, selective and orally-available small molecule inhibitor of CDK4/6 for treating Rb-positive cancer. The inhibitor was over 1000-fold more potent in inhibiting CDK4 than CDK1. It also showed Rb-dependent anti-proliferative activity both in cancer cell lines and in xenograft tumor models. A greater degree of variation in sensitivity to the inhibitor was observed in colon cancer cell lines compared to the other cell lines tested. To understand this difference in sensitivity, we isolated CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant colon cancer cells by growing sensitive cells in the presence of the inhibitor. Gene expression in the parental and the resistant cells was analyzed and compared. Cyclin E1, a CDK2 cyclin, was found to be the most significantly overexpressed gene in the resistant cells. Consistent with this, CDK2-associated cyclin E1 protein and CDK2 kinase activity were also significantly increased in the cells. These results suggest that high expression of cyclin E1 may make tumors less sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibition and could be a potential sensitivity marker for patient selection for treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-249. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-249
Retroviral Vector Integration Deregulates Gene Expression but Has No Consequences on the Biology and Function of Transplanted T Cells. (2005)

Abstract Retroviral vectors have raised safety concerns for the genotoxic risk associated with their uncontrolled insertion into the human genome. The occurrence of T-cell leukemia in patients treated by gene therapy for X-SCID has been correlated with insertional activation of a T-cell proto-oncogene. However, no such event has been reported in other pre-clinical or clinical trials, suggesting the existence of disease- and/or transgene-specific risk factors in the X-SCID case. We have analyzed the integration pattern of a retroviral vector expressing a suicide gene (HSV-TK) and a surface marker (ΔLNGFR) in T-lymphocytes from patients treated with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for therapy of acute and chronic leukemia. The suicide gene allows to control graft-versus-host disease, a major complication of DLI, while preserving anti-tumor and antiviral activities. Proviral integrations were analyzed by sequencing the vector-genome junctions in T-cell DNA obtained from 4 different patients up to 9 years after treatment. Over 85% of proviral integrations occurred within transcription units, with a preference for first introns and upstream promoter regions. Over 75% of intragenic integrations were in genes active in T cells at the time of transduction, and ~4% occurred at recurrent genomic locations (hot spots). Microfluidic real-time PCR in RNA extracted from individual T-cell clones harboring proviral integrations in proximity of transcription start sites showed that one fifth of these integrations affect the expression of nearby genes. However, transduced T-cell populations maintain remarkably stable gene expression profiles, phenotype, biological functions and immune repertoire in vivo, with no evidence of clonal selection up to nine years after administration. Analysis of transduced cells before and after transplantation indicates that integrations interfering with normal T-cell function are more likely to lead to clonal ablation than expansion. Despite the potentially dangerous interactions with the T-cell genome, retroviral integration has therefore little consequences on the safety and efficacy of T-cell transplantation.
Highly Efficient In-Line Magnetic Domain Wall Injector (2015)

We demonstrate a highly efficient and simple scheme for injecting domain walls into magnetic nanowires. The spin transfer torque from nanosecond long, unipolar, current pulses that cross a 90° magnetization boundary together with the fringing magnetic fields inherently prevalent at the boundary, allow for the injection of single or a continual stream of domain walls. Remarkably, the currents needed for this "in-line" domain wall injection scheme are at least one hundred times smaller than conventional methods.
Transphyseal blood vessels exist in avian species. (1986)

The distal femora and proximal and distal tibiae of 4 weeks old broiler chickens have three main types of blood vessels in the growth plate region-metaphyseal, epiphyseal and transphyseal. The transphyseal vessels extend across the entire thickness of the avian growth plate and provide a means of luminal communication between the metaphysis and epiphysis.
Electrophoresis of Peptides (2003)

The separation of proteins and peptides by sodium dodecylsulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) has proven to be one of the most valuable tools yet developed in the area of molecular biology see Chapter 5 ). The advent of the “slab” gel, using a discontinuous buffer system, has made it possible to readily separate complex mixtures of molecules (e.g., tissues, cells) in order to visualize and compare their component parts. The separation of proteins offers the researcher the ability to quantify the amount of a particular protein in a sample, obtain fairly reliable mol-mass information, and, by combining SDS-PAGE with immunoelectroblotting, evaluate protein antigenicity. Since SDS-PAGE is a powerful separation system, it can also be used as a preparative purification technique see ref. 1 and Chapter 22 ).
Using Fluid Mechanics Research Examples To Enhance And Stimulate Undergraduate Engineering Education: Part Ii (2020)

Her Ph.D. work pertained to vortex dynamics in left ventricular flows. She has served as
<p>Pro-inflammatory agents released by pathogens, dying host cells, and neutrophils act synergistically to destroy host tissues: a working hypothesis</p> (2019)

We postulate that the extensive cell and tissue damage inflicted by many infectious, inflammatory and post-inflammatory episodes is an enled result of a synergism among the invading microbial agents, host neutrophils and dead and dying cells in the nidus. Microbial toxins and other metabolites along with the plethora of pro-inflammatory agents released from activated neutrophils massively recruited to the infectious sites and high levels of cationic histones, other cationic peptides, proteinases and Th1 cytokines released from activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and from necrotized tissues may act in concert (synergism) to bring about cell killing and tissue destruction. Multiple, diverse interactions among the many potential pro-inflammatory moieties have been described in these complex lesions. Such infections are often seen in the skin and aerodigestive tract where the tissue is exposed to the environment, but can occur in any tissue. Commonly, the tissue-destructive infections are caused by group A streptococci, pneumococci, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, meningococci, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Shigella</i>, although many other microbial species are seen on occasion. All these microbial agents are characterized by their ability to recruit large numbers of PMNs. Given the complex nature of the disease process, it is proposed that, to treat these multifactorial disorders, a "cocktail" of anti-inflammatory agents combined with non-bacteriolytic antibiotics and measures to counteract the critical toxic role of cationic moieties might prove more effective than a strategy based on attacking the bacteria alone.