gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Defibrillation in Pigs Using Interleaved and Common Phase Sequential Biphasic Shocks (1993)

Previous studies have shown that low internal defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) can be attained by using two pairs of electrodes and combining biphasic shocks with sequential timing. The purpose of this two-part study was to test the defibrillation efficacy of two new shock sequences, an interleaved biphasic, and a common phase sequential biphasic, that utilized two pairs of electrodes and were developed from the concept of sequential biphasic shocks. In the first part, defibrillation catheters were placed in the right ventricle and the superior vena cava of six anesthetized pigs. A small patch electrode was placed on the LV apex through a subxiphoid incision and a cutaneous patch was placed on the left thorax. The mean DFT energies for the interleaved biphasic (5.2 +/- 0.4 J) and the common phase sequential biphasic waveforms (5.4 +/- 0.4 J) were substantially less (P < 0.0001) than those for either the sequential monophasic (10.6 +/- 1.0 J) or single biphasic waveforms (9.0 +/- 1.0 J). In the second study, which used nine anesthetized pigs, the importance of phase reversal was demonstrated by the finding that the DFT energy of a common phase sequential biphasic shock (6.2 +/- 0.4 J) was much less than a common phase sequential monophasic shock (17.9 +/- 1.3 J, P < 0.0001); furthermore, the average DFT for four common phase sequential biphasic configurations (5.7 +/- 0.2 J) was much less than for a configuration that was similar except that current flow was not reversed in one phase so that no biphasic effect was present (19.7 +/- 1.2 J). The efficacy of common phase sequential biphasics was comparable to that of sequential biphasics. The effectiveness of sequential biphasics, interleaved biphasics, and common phase sequential biphasics is possibly due to two mechanisms: (A) an increase in the potential gradient during a later phase in regions that were low during the first phase, and (B) the exposure of most of the myocardium to a biphasic shock that reduces the minimum extracellular potential gradient needed to defibrillate.
DISTORTING EFFECTS OF THE NEAR-SURFACE LAYER ON SEISMIC IMAGING PHYSICAL MODEL INVESTIGATIONS (2015)

SUMMARY The 2D ultrasonic model facility at ETH Zurich was used to investigate how a variable near-surface weathered layer can adversely affect the imaging of reflection data. The simulated geological structures are constructed from 2 mm thick metal and plastic sheets, cut and bonded together into various shapes. The experiments entailed the use of a piezoelectric source driven by a pulse amplifier at ultrasonic frequencies to generate Lamb waves in the plate, which are detected by piezoelectric receivers and recorded digitally on a National Instruments recording system, under SignalExpress software control. High quality reflection seismic data were collected. However, the pre-stack migrated image for the deeper reflectors deteriorates as the near-surface becomes more complex and as block anomalies are inserted within the layers. Crosshole and VSP seismic data were also acquired, and first arrival travel-time tomography used to reliably reconstruct the velocity distribution. The 2D physical scale model system provides a valuable complement to numerical modeling to study various aspects of wave propagation and subsurface imaging.
Artificial Intelligence Enhances Diagnostic Flow Cytometry Workflow in the Detection of Minimal Residual Disease of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2022)

Flow cytometric (FC) immunophenotyping is critical but time-consuming in diagnosing minimal residual disease (MRD). We evaluated whether human-in-the-loop artificial intelligence (AI) could improve the efficiency of clinical laboratories in detecting MRD in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We developed deep neural networks (DNN) that were trained on a 10-color CLL MRD panel from treated CLL patients, including DNN trained on the full cohort of 202 patients (F-DNN) and DNN trained on 138 patients with low-event cases (MRD < 1000 events) (L-DNN). A hybrid DNN approach was utilized, with F-DNN and L-DNN applied sequentially to cases. “Ground truth” classification of CLL MRD was confirmed by expert analysis. The hybrid DNN approach demonstrated an overall accuracy of 97.1% (95% CI: 84.7−99.9%) in an independent cohort of 34 unknown samples. When CLL cells were reported as a percentage of total white blood cells, there was excellent correlation between the DNN and expert analysis [r > 0.999; Passing−Bablok slope = 0.997 (95% CI: 0.988−0.999) and intercept = 0.001 (95% CI: 0.000−0.001)]. Gating time was dramatically reduced to 12 s/case by DNN from 15 min/case by the manual process. The proposed DNN demonstrated high accuracy in CLL MRD detection and significantly improved workflow efficiency. Additional clinical validation is needed before it can be fully integrated into the existing clinical laboratory practice.
The Influence of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccine Strain on the Immune Response against Tuberculosis: A Randomized Trial (2011)

There are significant differences in the immune response induced by different BCG vaccine strains in newborn infants. Immunization with BCG-Denmark or BCG-Japan induced higher frequencies of mycobacterial-specific polyfunctional and cytotoxic T cells and higher concentrations of Th1 cytokines. These findings have potentially important implications for global antituberculosis immunization policies and future tuberculosis vaccine trials.
Time-Resolved Changes in Dielectric Constant of Metal Halide Perovskites under Illumination (2020)

Despite their impressive performance as a solar absorber, much remains unknown on the fundamental properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs). Their polar nature in particular is an intense area of study, and the relative permittivity (<i>ε</i><sub>r</sub>) is a parameter widely used to quantify polarization over a range of different time scales. In this report, we have exploited frequency-dependent time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) to study how <i>ε</i><sub>r</sub> values of a range of MHPs change as a function of time, upon optical illumination. Further characterization of charge carriers and polarizability are conducted by femtosecond transient absorption and stimulated Raman spectroscopy. We find that changes in <i>ε</i><sub>r</sub> are roughly proportional to photogenerated carrier density but decay with a shorter time constant than conductance, suggesting that the presence of charge carriers alone does not determine polarization.
Search for resonant pair production of Higgs bosons decaying to two bottom quark–antiquark pairs in proton–proton collisions at 8 TeV (2015)

A model-independent search for a narrow resonance produced in proton–proton collisions at s=8TeV and decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons that in turn each decays into a bottom quark–antiquark pair is performed by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 17.9 fb−1. No evidence for a signal is observed. Upper limits at a 95% confidence level on the production cross section for such a resonance, in the mass range from 270 to 1100 GeV, are reported. Using these results, a radion with decay constant of 1 TeV and mass from 300 to 1100 GeV, and a Kaluza–Klein graviton with mass from 380 to 830 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level.
On the application of synthetic holograms for testing aspheric surfaces (1984)

Computer generated holograms (CGH) can be used for testing a widespread range of aspheric surfaces with high accuracy. Different, holographic configuration can be used; for the information storage, photographic material is very often appropriate. Two beam interferometric arrangement in which both beams pass through the CGH is desirable in order to compensate inhomogenities of the hologram storage material. For symetrlcal optical systems to be tested, in-line(Gabor-Type) and off axis CGH are applied. Although we use both configurations we prefer often off-axis arrangements The implementation of the technique requires the analysis of errors due to the testing procedurs as well as to additional optical component in the beam to be analysed and the manufacturing of the OGH. Automatic fringe analysis is very useful and will be discussed. A two wavelength technique can be used to reduce the sensitivity.
Detection and isolation by MS-coupled preparative HPLC of lysophosphatidylcholine derivatives from goji berries (Lycium barbarum) (2010)

Goji (Lycium barbarum, Solanaceae) berries and juice are being sold as health food products and praised in advertisements and in the media for well-being and as an anti-aging remedy [1]. While the fruit itself is devoid of toxicity there have been increasing concerns about the quality of goji products with respect to pesticide contamination or possible adulteration. As part of our investigations on goji, we detected in HPLC chromatograms of extracts a group of late-eluting compounds devoid of UV absorption. Their molecular weight could not be assigned to any known constituents of goji berries. An approach based on MS-coupled preparative HPLC was used for the isolation of these compounds. The experimental setup consisted of a HPLC-MS instrument equipped with an adjustable flow splitter and an additional pump delivering a make-up flow. Separations were performed on a semi-preparative RP-18 HPLC column (10×150mm, i.d.). The compounds were identified as lysophopsphatidylcholine derivatives with fatty acid residues of variable length and degree of unsaturation by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods including ESI-MS, NMR, and GC analysis of the acyl residue after methanolysis. Interestingly, a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine derivatives with related fatty acid composition has been detected in jojoba seeds [2]. On the other hand, such metabolites have not been reported hitherto in goji berries. These compounds may be useful as chromatographic markers for the analysis of goji products. At the same time they may give new hints with respect to the biological properties of goji berries and products.
Adaptive black blood fast spin echo for end‐systolic rest cardiac imaging (2010)

Black Blood Fast Spin Echo imaging of the heart is usually performed during mid-diastolic rest. This is a direct consequence of the long inversion time required to suppress the blood signal, which is constrained by the T(1) of the blood, and of the heart rate. To overcome these constraints, and to acquire black blood images in the end-systolic rest period, a new approach is introduced aiming at adaptively predicting the best time to prepare and acquire MR signals. It is based on a RR interval prediction algorithm and on a cardiac cycle model. The proposed method was applied to 14 healthy volunteers and is compared to a simple alternative method using a fixed delay and to the standard black blood imaging method for imaging in the mid-diastolic rest period. Results show that the proposed method offers an increased robustness in terms of trigger delay error and image quality compared to the tested simple alternative. Also, it has been shown by qualitative analysis done by an experienced observer that the right ventricle, especially the thin right ventricle free wall, is better depicted with our method than with the standard mid-diastolic rest acquisition.
A 71–86 GHz bidirectional image selection transceiver architecture (2017)

A bidirectional image selection transceiver is presented that operates over 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz with only 3 GHz of LO tuning range. A sliding-IF architecture with bidirectional VGAs allows operation in transmit and receive modes. The sliding IF and narrow LO tuning range allow wideband image rejection using a single stage polyphase filter. The circuit is implemented in a 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS process. Measurements indicate conversion gain of -2.5 dB to 3 dB with less than ±0.75 dB variation over 10 GHz in TX mode and -4dB to 0 dB with less than ±1 dB variation over 10 GHz bandwidth in RX mode. With 16- and 64-QAM, the EVM is below 5% and 4% at data rates of 6 Gb/s and 9 Gb/s. The RF and LO circuitry consumes at most 150 mW and 250 mW.
MATE Survey: Men’s Attitudes Toward Menopause and Their Role in Partner’s Menopause Transition [18OP] (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Men's perceptions about menopause are largely unknown. This survey characterized men's understanding and knowledge of their partner's menopause transition and key symptoms. METHODS: A 35-question, online survey was sent to men recruited from the Cint online research exchange. Men were eligible if their female partner (45-64 y) experienced â≥1 symptom(s): hot flashes, night sweats, sleepless nights, difficulty sleeping, low libido, mood swings, pain during sex, or vaginal dryness. Couples could live together full time or separately, but reside together often. RESULTS: Of 1356 surveys sent, 450 were completed (33% response rate). The majority of men were between 50 and 59 years (51%), married (90%), and were in their relationship more than 20 years (62%). Men were able to recognize their partners experienced sleepless nights/difficulty sleeping (54%), tiredness/lack of energy (48%), low libido/less desire for sexual contact (47%), mood swings (47%), and hot flashes (46%). Men attributed symptoms to menopause (55%) and associated menopause with physiological changes (53%). Men reported menopausal symptoms negatively impacted them (76%), their partner (70%), and relationship (55%). Men engaged with their partner (72%) in a predominately positive manner (85%) regarding menopausal symptoms and tried to be supportive (31%). While less than half were aware of treatment options (47%), men believed they were very/somewhat influential (74%) in their partner's seeking treatment and lifestyle modifications. CONCLUSION: Men are aware of the menopause transition and willing to discuss symptoms. As men may influence decisions relating to management, educating them about menopause and available treatment options should be part of menopausal care strategies.
Double stereodifferentiating Lewis acid-promoted (Mukaiyama) aldol bond constructions. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDouble stereodifferentiating Lewis acid-promoted (Mukaiyama) aldol bond constructions.David A. Evans, Michael G. Yang, Michael J. Dart, Joseph L. Duffy, and Annette S. KimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 37, 9598–9599Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00142a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00142a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1179Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Large-area lanthanum hexaboride electron emitter (1985)

A large-area cathode assembly which is capable of continuous, high-current electron emission is described. The cathode utilizes an indirectly heated lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) disk as the thermionic electron emitter. The LaB6 cathode emits over 600 A of electrons at an average of 20 A/cm2 continuously with no observable lifetime limits to date after about 400 h of operation in a plasma discharge. Proper clasping of the LaB6 disk is required to avoid impurity production from chemical reactions with the holder and to provide adequate support if the disk fractures during rapid thermal cycling. Modification of the LaB6 surface composition due to preferential sputtering of boron by hydrogen and argon ions in the plasma discharge has been observed. The surface appearance is consistent with the formation of LaB4 as a result of boron depletion. The electron emission capability of the cathode is not significantly altered by the surface change. This surface modification by preferential sputtering is not observed in hollow cathodes where the ion energy from the cathode sheath voltage is typically less than 50 V. The electron emission by the cathode has not been affected by exposure to both air and water during operation. Utilizing thick disks of this intermediate temperature cathode material results in reliable, high-current, long-lifetime electron emitter assemblies.
Mechanism of the Heck Reaction Using a Phosphapalladacycle as the Catalyst: Classical versus Palladium(IV) Intermediates (2001)

The mechanism of the (Mizoroki-)Heck vinylation of aryl bromides catalyzed by the phosphapalladacycle [[PdCH2C6H4P(o-Tol)2(OAc)]2] (1) was investigated in order to determine whether palladium(IV) intermediates play a significant role in the catalytic cycle. The phosphapalladacycle 1 was compared to the related palladium(0) catalyst [Pd[P(o-Tol)3]2] (2) and an intermediate of the classical catalytic cycle [[PdAr[P(o-Tol)3]Br]2] (3) obtained by oxidative addition of an aryl bromide to 2. Small, yet measurable deviations of the phosphapalladacycle 1 from the other catalysts 2 and 3 in the product distribution of styrene, in competition experiments of styrene and n-butyl acrylate, in the isotope effect on styrene, and the Hammett correlation on aryl bromides led to the conclusion that a different catalytic cycle is operative. Nevertheless, due to only small differences in these competition experiments a modified classical catalytic cycle with a novel, cyclometallated, anionic palladium(0) species 6 is proposed rather than palladium(IV) intermediates. Species 6 accounts for the observed high activity and stability of palladacycle catalysts in the Heck reaction. Palladium(IV) intermediates can be ruled out by taking into account the experiments performed here and recently published by others.
A wide-range and scrambling-free adaptive optical compensation method for DGD using PRZ scheme (2010)

We demonstrated adaptive optical compensation for DGD, using the Pseudo-Return-to-Zero modulation scheme, without the disadvantages of polarization scrambling. We verified a compensation range of 71.8ps (2UI) for 112G PRZ-DP-DQPSK signal and validated the compensation over 610km transmission.
Collaborative Development of a Space Flight Experiment Comparing Two Plant Nutrient Delivery Systems (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engineers and scientists from BioServe Space Technologies and Kennedy Space Center (KSC) are developing a flight-rated payload for the evaluation of two space-based plant nutrient delivery systems (NDS's). The hardware is comprised of BioServe's Plant Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (PGBA) and KSC's Porous Tube Insert Module (PTIM). The PGBA, a double-middeck locker, will serve as the host carrier for the PTIM and will provide computer control of temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide levels. The PTIM will insert into the PGBA's growth chamber and will facilitate the side-by-side comparison of the two NDS's: 1) the porous tube NDS, consisting of six porous tubes with seeds mounted in close proximity to the tubes, and 2) a substrate-based NDS, with three compartments each containing a porous tube embedded in a particulate substrate. This project demonstrates that through collaborative efforts, new hardware costs can be reduced while simultaneously minimizing risk through the use of flight-experienced systems.&lt;/div&gt;
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Trifluoromethyl Benzylic Amines via Fluoroarylation of gem-Difluoro-2-azadienes Enabled by Phosphine-Catalyzed Formation of an Azaallyl–Silver Intermediate (2018)

We report the synthesis of <i>α</i>-trifluoromethyl benzylic amines through the vicinal fluoroarylation of <i>gem-</i>difluoro-2-azadienes. Our studies indicate that XPhos plays an important role as a phase transfer catalyst that promotes the addition of AgF to the difluoroazadiene, generating an <i>α-</i>trifluoromethyl azaallyl-silver intermediate that we have characterized by NMR spectroscopy. This intermediate likely transmetallates to Pd, coupling several aryl iodides to deliver products in up to 90% yield. Modification of the azadiene's activating group facilitates challenging cross-couplings.
Research highlights: microtechnologies for engineering the cellular environment (2014)

In this issue we highlight recent microtechnology-enabled approaches to control the physical and biomolecular environment around cells: (1) developing micropatterned surfaces to quantify cell affinity choices between two adhesive patterns, (2) controlling topographical cues to align cells and improve reprogramming to a pluripotent state, and (3) controlling gradients of biomolecules to maintain pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Quantitative readouts of cell-surface affinity in environments with several cues should open up avenues in tissue engineering where self-assembly of complex multi-cellular structures is possible by precisely engineering relative adhesive cues in three dimensional constructs. Methods of simple and local epigenetic modification of chromatin structure with microtopography and biomolecular gradients should also be of use in regenerative medicine, as well as in high-throughput quantitative analysis of external signals that impact and can be used to control cells. Overall, approaches to engineer the cellular environment will continue to be an area of further growth in the microfluidic and lab on a chip community, as the scale of the technologies seamlessly matches that of biological systems. However, because of regulations and other complexities with tissue engineered therapies, these micro-engineering approaches will likely first impact organ-on-a-chip technologies that are poised to improve drug discovery pipelines.
Observation of the enhancement in enantioselectivity with conversion for the aziridination of styrene using copper bis(oxazoline) complexesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: further data. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b309507j/ (2003)

During the aziridination of styrene using copper bis(oxazoline) complexes the ee increases with conversion due to further reactions of the product.