gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Fluorescent Carboxyl and Amino Functionalized Polystyrene Particles by Miniemulsion Polymerization as Markers for Cells (2005)

Abstract Summary: A series of fluorescent polystyrene latex particles with carboxyl and amino functionalities on their surface were synthesized by the miniemulsion technique. The fluorescent dye N ‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)perylene‐3,4‐dicarboximide (PMI) was incorporated into the copolymer nanoparticles formulated from styrene and acrylic acid or styrene and aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride. The resulting latexes were stable and showed a monodisperse size distribution. The particle size depended on the amount and nature of the functional comonomer and was in the range 100–175 nm. All latexes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering, UV‐Vis spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. The amount of surface functional groups was determined by electrolyte titration. Furthermore, the functionalized fluorescent particles were utilized as markers for HeLa cells and cell uptake was visualized using fluorescence microscopy. The correlation of the uptake of nanoparticles with the surface charge was determined by FACS measurements. Confocal fluorescent microscopy of HeLa cells after the uptake of amino functionalized particles (green). magnified image Confocal fluorescent microscopy of HeLa cells after the uptake of amino functionalized particles (green).
Study of Carrier Generation in Titanyl Phthalocyanine (TiOPc) by Electric-Field-Induced Quenching of Integrated and Time-Resolved Fluorescence (1998)

We have studied the influence of electric field and humidity on photoconductivity and fluorescence in particles of highly photoconductive Y-form TiOPc dispersed in a poly(vinylbutyral) polymer matrix. Both integrated and time-resolved fluorescence quenching by electric field were measured. Integrated fluorescence quenching showed a linear dependence at low applied fields and a linear correlation with carrier generation efficiency. Time-resolved fluorescence decays were analyzed by fitting the data to a sum of two exponentials representing fast and slow fluorescence components. Qualitative features of fluorescence decay were the same for low and high humidity levels. The amplitude and lifetime changes of the two fluorescence components upon the application of the electric field are in agreement with theory which describes energy transfer between free and trapped exciton states. These results indicate that carrier generation in Y-TiOPc originates from both relaxed and nonrelaxed intrinsic excited singlet states, while the trapped excitons do not lead to significant carrier production. The field dependence of integrated fluorescence quenching supports the existence of a carrier precursor state with charge-transfer character.
An interferon-gamma release assay as a novel biomarker in systemic lupus erythematosus (2020)

Elevated SIR appears to be associated with a limited number of disease processes, including SLE. The diagnostic utility of SIR remains to be determined. IFN-γ activation, as measured by the TB-IGRA test, may offer a readily available tool for assessing disease activity in patients with SLE.
Nanoengineered Surfaces for Thermal Energy Conversion (2015)

We provide an overview of the impact of using nanostructured surfaces to improve the performance of solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) energy conversion and condensation systems. We demonstrated STPV system efficiencies of up to 3.2%, compared to ≤1% reported in the literature, made possible by nanophotonic engineering of the absorber and emitter. For condensation systems, we showed enhanced performance by using scalable superhydrophobic nanostructures via jumping-droplet condensation. Furthermore, we observed that these jumping droplets carry a residual charge which causes the droplets to repel each other mid-flight. Based on this finding of droplet residual charge, we demonstrated electric-field-enhanced condensation and jumping-droplet electrostatic energy harvesting.
Periprosthetic Sepsis (2004)

The diagnosis of septic implant failure can be difficult to make, yet is imperative for optimal patient outcomes in revision total hip arthroplasty. In most cases, a thorough history and physical examination combined with preoperative laboratory tests and an intraoperative frozen section are sufficient to differentiate septic from aseptic failure. If preoperative laboratory test values are elevated, preoperative aspiration of the hip can be used in selected patients to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of infection. Nuclear medicine studies comprise a second-line investigation to evaluate patients with a painful total hip arthroplasty in whom revision surgery otherwise is not indicated. Intraoperative tissue appearance in combination with intraoperative Gram stains are unreliable for detecting periprosthetic sepsis, and neither is adequate when considered alone for ruling out infection at the time of revision total hip arthroplasty. It is imperative that the surgeon doing revision total hip arthroplasty thoroughly understands the relative utility of preoperative and intraoperative tests used to diagnose periprosthetic sepsis.
Sintering of Si 3 N 4 with the Addition of Rare‐Earth Oxides (1988)

The effect of rare‐earth oxide additives on the densification of silicon nitride by pressureless sintering at 1600° to 1700°C and by gas pressure sintering under 10 MPa of N 2 at 1800° to 2000°C was studied. When a single‐component oxide, such as CeO 2 , Nd 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Sm 2 O 3 , or Y 2 O 3 , was used as an additive, the sintering temperature required to reach approximate theoretical density became higher as the melting temperature of the oxide increased. When a mixed oxide additive, such as Y 2 O 3 –Ln 2 O 3 (Ln=Ce, Nd, La, Sm), was used, higher densification was achieved below 2000°C because of a lower liquid formation temperature. The sinterability of silicon nitride ceramics with the addition of rare‐earth oxides is discussed in relation to the additive compositions.
Resistive Coupled VO<inf>2</inf> Oscillators for Image Recognition (2018)

Oscillator networks are known for their interesting collective behavior such as frequency locking, phase locking, and synchronization. Compared to other artificial neural network implementations, timing rather than amplitude information is used for computation. We have fabricated and simulated small networks of coupled VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> oscillators and investigated the electrical behavior. It is demonstrated experimentally and through simulations that the coupled oscillators lock in frequency and the phase relation can be adjusted by the coupling resistance. Pattern recognition was simulated in resistor-coupled networks with up to nine oscillators (pixels), demonstrating the possibility of implementation of this task with compact VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> circuits.
Mg 3pnsand 3pnd(J=1) autoionizing series (1991)

The Mg 3pns (n=10--18) and 3pnd (n=9--40) doubly excited J=1 autoionizing states have been observed experimentally using an isolated-core excitation method with stepwise laser excitation. Linearly polarized laser light excites the 3pnd J=1 and J=3 states, as well as the 3pns J=1 states. Our previous study of the J=3 states enables the J=1 states in the 3pnd spectra to be identified. We have also calculated the spectra from a reaction matrix, and the agreement between theory and experiment is generally excellent. Differences between the J=1 and J=3 features are discussed and qualitatively explained in terms of semiclassical arguments. Additionally, energies of the 3sns $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ (n=11--22) Rydberg levels are reported.
Comparison of FAB and FD Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Unusually Linked Nucleotides (1990)

Abstract In the study of phosphorothioate analogs of 2-5 A core, protected dinucleoside and trinucleoside monothiophosphates were synthesized in order to obtain dimer and trimer adenilates with 2′-5′ phosphorothioate linkages.
Helix-length compensation studies reveal the adaptability of the VS ribozyme architecture (2011)

Compensatory mutations in RNA are generally regarded as those that maintain base pairing, and their identification forms the basis of phylogenetic predictions of RNA secondary structure. However, other types of compensatory mutations can provide higher-order structural and evolutionary information. Here, we present a helix-length compensation study for investigating structure-function relationships in RNA. The approach is demonstrated for stem-loop I and stem-loop V of the Neurospora VS ribozyme, which form a kissing-loop interaction important for substrate recognition. To rapidly characterize the substrate specificity (k(cat)/K(M)) of several substrate/ribozyme pairs, a procedure was established for simultaneous kinetic characterization of multiple substrates. Several active substrate/ribozyme pairs were identified, indicating the presence of limited substrate promiscuity for stem Ib variants and helix-length compensation between stems Ib and V. 3D models of the I/V interaction were generated that are compatible with the kinetic data. These models further illustrate the adaptability of the VS ribozyme architecture for substrate cleavage and provide global structural information on the I/V kissing-loop interaction. By exploring higher-order compensatory mutations in RNA our approach brings a deeper understanding of the adaptability of RNA structure, while opening new avenues for RNA research.
Fragile histidine triad expression delays tumor development and induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer. (2001)

The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene is a tumor suppressor gene that is altered by deletion in a large fraction of human tumors, including pancreatic cancer. To evaluate the potential of FHIT gene therapy, we developed recombinant adenoviral and adenoassociated viral (AAV) FHIT vectors and tested these vectors in vitro and in vivo for activity against human pancreatic cancer cells. Our data show that viral FHIT gene delivery results in apoptosis by activation of the caspase pathway. Furthermore, Fhit overexpression enhances the susceptibility of pancreatic cancer cells to exogenous inducers of apoptosis. In vivo results show that FHIT gene transfer delays tumor growth and prolongs survival in a murine model mimicking human disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted Triazoles (2013)

Abstract Review: 156 refs.
π‐Dimere von Oligopyrrol‐Radikalkationen mit Phenyl‐Endgruppen (1996)

In zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Einelektronen‐Oxidationen lassen sich Phenyl‐Endgruppen tragende Oligopyrrole der Formel PhPy n Ph, n = 2–4, reversibel zu stabilen Radikalkationen und Dikationen umsetzen. Spektroelektrochemische Untersuchungen weisen klar auf die Bildung diamagnetischer π‐Dimere von Radikalkationen in Lösung hin. Derartige π‐Dimere könnten zum Ladungstransport in elektrisch leitendem Polypyrrol beitragen. magnified image
Can the Future of ID Escape the Inertial Dogma of Its Past? The Exemplars of Shorter Is Better and Oral Is the New IV (2022)

Like all fields of medicine, Infectious Diseases is rife with dogma that underpins much clinical practice. In this study, we discuss 2 specific examples of historical practice that have been overturned recently by numerous prospective studies: traditional durations of antimicrobial therapy and the necessity of intravenous (IV)-only therapy for specific infectious syndromes. These dogmas are based on uncontrolled case series from >50 years ago, amplified by the opinions of eminent experts. In contrast, more than 120 modern, randomized controlled trials have established that shorter durations of therapy are equally effective for many infections. Furthermore, 21 concordant randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that oral antibiotic therapy is at least as effective as IV-only therapy for osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and endocarditis. Nevertheless, practitioners in many clinical settings remain refractory to adopting these changes. It is time for Infectious Diseases to move beyond its history of eminent opinion-based medicine and truly into the era of evidenced-based medicine.
Catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells (2004)

Background Of the two existing pre-market proton exchange membrane fuel cells: hydrogen-oxygen and direct methanol, H2/O2 is suggested for applications involving high energy density, while direct methanol holds pragmatic promise for small low power application where ease of fuel handling is critical. Of equal importance, is the energy per unit volume when matching an application to a fuel, since available volume for a mobile application is often a limiting consideration. A simple review of the thermochemical parameters (provided in Table 1) indicates that ethanol has fuel characteristics similar to methanol. However, it substantially exceeds methanol with respect to volumetric energy density providing 68% of the volumetric energy density of gasoline. Thus, from an energy storage point of view, ethanol appears to be a preferred fuel over methanol.
Fault Diagnosis of Via-Switch Crossbar in Non-volatile FPGA (2020)

FPGA that exploits via-switches, which are a kind of non-volatile resistive RAMs, for crossbar implementation is attracting attention due to its high integration density and energy efficiency. Via-switch crossbar is responsible for the signal routing by changing on/off-states of via-switches. To verify the via-switch crossbar functionality after manufacturing, fault testing that checks whether we can turn on/off via-switches normally is essential. This paper confirms that a general differential pair comparator successfully discriminates on/off-states of via-switches, and clarifies fault modes of a via-switch by transistor-level SPICE simulation that injects stuck-on/off faults to atom switch and varistor, where a via-switch consists of two atom switches and two varistors. We then propose a fault diagnosis methodology that diagnoses the fault modes of each via-switch using the comparator response difference between normal and faulty via-switches. The proposed method achieves 100% fault detection by checking the comparator responses after turning on/off the via-switch. In case that the number of faulty components in a via-switch is one, the ratio of the fault diagnosis, which exactly identifies the faulty varistor and atom switch inside the faulty via-switch, is 100%, and in case of up to two faults, the fault diagnosis ratio is 79%.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Epoxides, α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes, and Vicinal Diketones with “Reactive Titanocene”. (1988)

Abstract The epoxides (II), (IV), (VI) can be stereoselectively deoxygenated by "reactive titanocene" formed by reduction of the dichloride (I) with Mg to give the alkenes (III), (V), (VII).
Ground Fault Location System for Powertrain of Electric Vehicles (2019)

Nowadays the scientists' attention has been focused on the electric vehicle field carrying out numerous researches and studies. The ground fault in electric vehicle is quite common due to the severe operation conditions, such as vibrations, twists or even shocks. The electric systems in electric vehicles are ungrounding, so the first ground fault is not dangerous. Nevertheless, a second ground fault could produce malfunction of some systems, power loss or even damages. It takes time to locate where the grounded fault comes from (DC or AC part). This research is focused on developing a ground-fault detection method for electric vehicles. The method is based on the analysis of the voltage in a grounding resistor. According to the polarity and harmonics, it is possible to locate the ground fault. This method has been tested by computer simulations with promising results.
Spectral Structure in High Harmonic Emission (1997)

There has been considerable effort, both experimentally and theoretically, devoted to understanding the process of high harmonic generation. Much of this effort has been focused on understanding the existence of the plateau region, and the position of the cutoff. More recently, theoretical work has attempted to predict the spectral structure of the harmonic peaks, in order to better understand the mechanism of high harmonic generation. In this work, we present data from the first detailed experimental study of the fine spectral structure of high harmonic emission. We studied the harmonic lineshapes as a function of pressure, density and chirp, using 25 fs laser excitation pulses. We observed dramatic changes in the spectral shapes of the harmonic peaks as these experimental parameters were changed.
Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays for Monitoring Biological Responses (2007)

Cancer has a genomic and proteomic basis. Genomic information provides information about the somatic genetic changes existing in the tumor that provides a survival advantage driving neoplastic progression. On the other hand, proteomics aids in the identification of dysregulated cellular proteins, including known or novel drug targets, governing cellular survival, proliferation, invasion, and cell death. The clinical utility of reverse phase protein microarrays lies in their ability to generate a map of known cell signaling networks or pathways for an individual patient. This protein network map aids in identifying critical nodes or pathways that may serve as drug targets for individualized or combinatorial therapy. Reverse phase protein microarrays are one of the tools available for profiling the protein molecular pathways in a given cellular sample. This type of microarray can uniquely quantify phosphorylation states of proteins. An entire cellular proteome is immobilized on a substratum with subsequent immunodetection of total and activated forms of cell signaling proteins. The pattern of signal intensity generated by the protein spots can be correlated with biological and clinical information as diagnostic and prognostic indicators.
Instantaneous Energy Flux in Fluid Gravity Waves (2007)

A novel deep CNN-based dose prediction method in IFPV domain was proposed. The proposed approach has great potential to significantly improve the efficiency of dose prediction and facilitate the treatment planning workflow.
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Preferential production of G-CSF by a protein-like Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 secretory factor through activating TLR2-dependent signaling events without activation of JNKs (2015)

Expression of cytokines and chemokines in immortalized BMDMs treated with GR-1 and TLR ligands. (DOC 105 kb)
Optical fibre-type current sensor utilizing the Faraday effect of the flint glass fibre (1994)

The basic system of the optical fiber-type Faraday effect current sensor for electric power apparatus has been developed. According to the experiments, it became clear that the developed system showed excellent polarization characteristics and small tempereture dependence. Though the vibration dependent fluctuation of the output is observed, a remedy is suggested.
Hepatic Glucose Production Estimated By Tracer Model And Deconvolution: Role Of Endogenous Glucose Concentration (2005)

The estimation of the time course of hepatic glucose production in non-steady state is of great physiopathological interest. The approach which is most widely used to estimate hepatic glucose production is based on the use of simple approximate models whose domain of validity is limited. In this paper we propose a novel, general approach to study the transition from the basal to an euglycemic. hyperinsulinemic state during a dual tracer experiment performed in humans. The approach is based on a physiological model of the glucoseinsulin system and deconvolution. The use in the deconvolution algorithm of the calculated endogenous glucose concentration, instead of the measured total glucose concentration, is
Synthesis and Evaluation of TAC‐Based Inhibitors of Papain as Mimics of Cystatin B (2007)

An approach for mimicking protein-protein interactions by using a discontinuous epitope to construct a mimic that is about one tenth of the size of a natural inhibitor of papain, namely, cystatin B, is described. The discontinuous epitope of cystatin B, which is involved in the interaction with papain, was mimicked by synthesis of a tripodal molecular construct by using the triazacyclophane (TAC) scaffold. The mimic contains three peptide arms: one that mimics the N terminus, one that mimics the C terminus, and one that mimics the beta-hairpin loop structure of cystatin B. These peptide sequences were assembled on the TAC scaffold. The resulting cystatin mimic, CysTACtin 9, showed excellent inhibition of papain with a K(i) of 12 nM, which approaches the inhibitory potency of cystatin B (K(i)=0.12 nM). Experiments with molecular constructs that contained one or two arms or a mixture of the nonscaffolded peptides showed that both scaffolding and the presence of the three peptide arms are crucial for a successful mimic.
A comparative study of diagnostic characteristics of the homeopathic medicine and Chinese medicine (2010)

Homeopathy is a relatively independent therapeutic system that is very popular in Europe and the United States. Although homeopathic medicine and Chinese medicine belongs to two different medical systems stemmed from two distinct cultural backgrounds, they do share similar philosophies, holistic treatment principles, and more importantly diagnostic approaches. This study focuses on homeopathic diagnosis and discusses its diagnostic strategies, laws and clinic practice characteristics through the comparison of homeopathic and Chinese medicine diagnosis.

Key words: 
Homeopathy;  Chinese medicine;  Diagnosis;  Treatment
Head Impact Tracking Sensor (2020)

There is a large number of undiagnosed concussions occurring in athletics. Given this concern, the team initially sought to develop a sensor system capable of detecting impacts to the head. As the team started the research and development process they identified groups of end users and their needs. These include athletes, coaches, and training staff that wanted accurate measurement in a discrete form factor for a reasonable price. Although safety was the primary goal of the project, performance metrics were identified as a desirable and easily implemented feature. Ultimately, the final project goal is to develop a sensing system that is affordable, improves safety, and gives the performance metrics desired by athletes. The design goal is a wireless sensor system that can be easily fit into a headband worn by players. The current prototype features accelerometers and gyroscopes as the method to track player movement and a Bluetooth module to transmit the data wirelessly to a computer, where algorithms are being made to analyze this data. A printed circuit board (PCB) design has even been created and tested at this stage. Finally, some preliminary calculations have also been made in regard to wireless communication and data storage. Moving forward, the team continues to work on smaller designs for the product and to incorporate more features. A mobile application is in development and a test stand is being considered to validate the measurements from the sensor. The presentation will highlight the project’s progress including research, prototyping, and testing
Vaccines Against Alzheimer’s Disease (2004)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that imposes an enormous burden on society [1]. Unlike some other progressive neurological diseases, such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, there is no evidence to suggest that AD is the result of an infection. Hence it is all the more remarkable that AD may be the first of the chronic degenerative neurological diseases to be amenable to specific intervention through therapeutic and preventative immunization.