gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diazaspirononane Nonsaccharide Inhibitors of O-GlcNAcase (OGA) for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders (2020)

O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification of tau understood to lower the speed and yield of its aggregation, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). O-GlcNAcase (OGA) is the only enzyme that removes O-linked <i>N</i>-acetyl-d-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) from target proteins. Therefore, inhibition of OGA represents a potential approach for the treatment of AD by preserving the O-GlcNAcylated tau protein. Herein, we report the multifactorial optimization of high-throughput screening hit <b>8</b> to a potent, metabolically stable, and orally bioavailable diazaspirononane OGA inhibitor (+)-<b>56</b>. The human OGA X-ray crystal structure has been recently solved, but bacterial hydrolases are still widely used as structural homologues. For the first time, we reveal how a nonsaccharide series of inhibitors binds bacterial OGA and discuss the suitability of two different bacterial orthologues as surrogates for human OGA. These breakthroughs enabled structure-activity relationships to be understood and provided context and boundaries for the optimization of druglike properties.
Active Combustion Control System for Reduction of NOx and Pulsation Levels in Gas Turbines (2006)

This paper presents two different active combustion control systems (ACCS) for the reduction of NOx levels, and suppression of thermo-acoustic instabilities within stationary gas turbines. Dependent on the actual measurement the ACCSs steer the fuel split between different burner groups or within the burner itself in order to find an optimum operation point. In a first step, an active control system has been developed for the ALSTOM GT13E2 gas turbine where the fuel ratio between two burner groups has to be handled to optimise NOx and pulsation levels. Since perturbations in combustion operating conditions have a direct effect on combustion pulsation behaviour, it is possible to control combustor equivalence ratio by using combustion pulsation measurements as an input for the control system. By doing that, lower operating NOx emissions are achieved as operating safety margin to lean blow out (LBO) may be reduced by more than 50% due to a more accurate and controlled handling of combustor equivalence ratio. Although combustion instabilities due to lean blow out are of minor concern within the GT26, the success of this combustion control approach has led to the development of a more advanced method where both, NOx levels and pulsation amplitudes are feedback-controlled simultaneously in order to track the optimum operating point. By using two premixed stages in the burners fuel supply, the equivalence ratio within the combustor is adapted. Engine and single burner test results confirmed control model dynamics predictions. This paper illustrates the applied closed-loop controls concepts and the successful controller verification on single burner and on engine level.
Maximum and Maximal Weight Matching Dispatching Schemes for MSM Clos-Network Packet Switches (2010)

The scalability of three-stage Clos-network packet switches makes them an attractive approach in implementing large-size packet switches. However, the configuration time of Clos-network switches depends on both the buffering strategy used and the adopted configuration process. To reduce configuration time, this paper focuses on the so-called Memory-Space-Memory (MSM) Clos-network packet switch, where the switch modules in the first and third stages use memory to support resolution of output port contention. The configuration of these switches is then based on a process to dispatch cells from the first-stage modules to the third-stage modules. Therefore, the throughput of an MSM Clos-network switch depends on the dispatching scheme used. This paper introduces a cell dispatching scheme, called maximum weight matching dispatching (MWMD) scheme, for MSM Clos-network switches and a request queue structure in the first-stage modules. The MWMD scheme performs maximum weight matching, similar to that used for input-queued single-stage packet switches, that in combination with the request queues can achieve 100% throughput under independent and identical admissible traffic. This high throughput can be achieved without allocating buffers in the second stage and without expanding the second stage of this three-stage packet switch. A low-complexity dispatching scheme, the maximal oldest-cell-first matching dispatching (MOMD) scheme, is also introduced as an alternative to MWMD. The performance evaluation in this paper shows that MOMD achieves high throughput under unbalanced traffic through the execution of a finite number of iterations.
Desktop workload characteristics and their utility in optimizing virtual machine placement in cloud (2012)

Optimally placing virtual machines on numerous physical servers saves clouds' hardware resources. In the case of the virtual desktop cloud, the placement task becomes more difficult because the workload of virtual desktop changes quickly over time. In this paper, we first study the workload of CPU, memory, and hard disks of 172 machines that provide virtual desktops to remote users. We also thoroughly analyze CPU usage metric and show that office users' desktops often repeat a certain pattern every workday. We then evaluate the virtual machine placement algorithms including PBA, which utilizes the correlation between the CPU usage patterns to find the suitable server for a virtual desktop, and First Fit, a widely used placement algorithm in cloud infrastructure.
Efficacy and Safety of Leadless Pacemaker Implantation in Octogenarians (2023)

Implantation of a leadless pacemaker device in octogenarians is safe and effective with a similarly low complication rate compared to non-octogenarians.
TIMBER-V: Tag-Isolated Memory Bringing Fine-grained Enclaves to RISC-V (2019)

Embedded computing devices are used on a large scale in the emerging internet of things (IoT). However, their wide deployment raises the incentive for attackers to target these devices, as demonstrated by several recent attacks. As IoT devices are built for long service life, means are required to protect sensitive code in the presence of potential vulnerabilities, which might be discovered long after deployment. Tagged memory has been proposed as a mechanism to enforce various fine-grained security policies at runtime. However, none of the existing tagged memory schemes provides efficient and flexible compartmentalization in terms of isolated execution environments.
Wireless Sensor Applications in Nuclear Power Plants (2011)

Wireless sensors are becoming very popular in industrial processes for measurement and control, condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, and management of operational transients and accidents. In the last five years, many sensor manufacturers have teamed up with companies who make wireless transmitters, receivers, and network equipment to provide industrial facilities with integrated networks of wireless sensors that can be used to measure process temperature, pressure, vibration, humidity, and other parameters to improve process safety and efficiency, increase output, and optimize maintenance activities. Historically, the nuclear industry has been slower than others in implementing new technologies—wireless technologies are no exception. This is of course justified, as nuclear research and power reactors must perform a more thorough “due diligence” than other industries before they can adopt a new technology because of the increased safety and licensing requirements.This paper reports on a research and development (R&D) effort sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program to implement wireless sensors for equipment condition monitoring and other applications in nuclear power plants. The project is being demonstrated through the development and implementation of a system that integrates signals from existing wired sensors and new wireless sensors to facilitate a holistic view of the health of equipment and processes in nuclear power reactors.
Association of serum lutein and zeaxanthin with quantitative measures of retinal vascular parameters (2018)

To evaluate the association between serum carotenoids and quantitative measures of retinal vasculature in elderly Singapore Chinese subjects. The following details were collected in 128 healthy subjects: sociodemographics, lifestyle information, medical and drug history, and anthropometric measurements. Serum concentrations of carotenoids were estimated in fasting venous blood using high performance liquid chromatography. Retinal vascular parameters were quantitatively measured from retinal photographs using a computer-assisted program (Singapore I Vessel Assessment). The mean age of the population was 54.1 years (range 40 to 81 years). In multiple linear regression analysis, per SD decrease in retinal arteriolar caliber [β = 0.045 (0.003 to 0.086), p = 0.036], per SD increase in retinal venular caliber [β = -0.045 (-0.086 to -0.003), p = 0.036] and per SD increase in arteriolar branching angle [β = -0.039 (-0.072 to -0.006), p = 0.021] were associated with decreased serum lutein. Per SD increase in retinal venular tortuosity [β = -0.0075 (-0.0145 to -0.0004), p = 0.039] and per SD increase in arteriolar branching angle (β = -0.0073 [-0.0142 to -0.0059], p = 0.041) were associated with decreased serum zeaxanthin. None of the other carotenoids demonstrated meaningful relationship with quantitative measures of retinal vasculature. Lower levels of lutein and zeaxanthin demonstrated significant relationship with adverse quantitative measures of retinal vasculature in elderly healthy subjects.
Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type 1a Reduces the Oral Toxicity of Stx Type 2a (2016)

These studies suggest that Stx1a reduces Stx2a-mediated toxicity, a finding that may explain why STEC that produce only Stx2a are associated with more severe disease than strains producing Stx1a and Stx2a.
Health improvement framework for actionable treatment planning using a surrogate Bayesian model (2021)

Clinical decision-making regarding treatments based on personal characteristics leads to effective health improvements. Machine learning (ML) has been the primary concern of diagnosis support according to comprehensive patient information. A prominent issue is the development of objective treatment processes in clinical situations. This study proposes a framework to plan treatment processes in a data-driven manner. A key point of the framework is the evaluation of the actionability for personal health improvements by using a surrogate Bayesian model in addition to a high-performance nonlinear ML model. We first evaluate the framework from the viewpoint of its methodology using a synthetic dataset. Subsequently, the framework is applied to an actual health checkup dataset comprising data from 3132 participants, to lower systolic blood pressure and risk of chronic kidney disease at the individual level. We confirm that the computed treatment processes are actionable and consistent with clinical knowledge for improving these values. We also show that the improvement processes presented by the framework can be clinically informative. These results demonstrate that our framework can contribute toward decision-making in the medical field, providing clinicians with deeper insights.
Preparation and Characterization of Functionalized Nano-Al_2O_3/PU Sol (2013)

The functionalized nano-Al2O3/PU sol was prepared in a sol-gel process,using aluminium isopropoxide(AIP) as raw material and polyurethane(PU) as a coupling agent.The effects of hydrolysis temperature,n(H2O)/n(Al3+),n(H+)/n(Al3+),peptization agent,aging temperature and time on the particle size and viscosity of the sol were studied.The optimal conditions for preparing stable and transparent functionalized nano-Al2O3 sol were obtained as hydrolysis temperature 80 ℃,n(H2O)/n(Al3+) 105,n(H+)/n(Al3+) 0.24,HNO3 as peptization agent,aging temperature 80 ℃ and aging time 24 h.The properties and structure of the sol were characterized by Nano particle analyzer and FI-IR.The results indicated that the particle size and viscosity of Al2O3/PU sol ranged from 40 to 120 nm and 4 to 10 mPa.s,respectively.C=C double bond and the hydrophilic groups,such as hydroxyl group and carboxyl group were successfully introduced to the functionalized nano-Al2O3/PU sol,which can enhance the chemical bond between AIP and PU and increase the strength of the sol.
On the Scrambled Halton Sequence (2004)

The Halton sequence is one of the standard (along with ( t, s )-sequences and lattice points) low-discrepancy sequences, and thus is widely used in quasi-Monte Carlo applications. One of its important advantages is that the Halton sequence is easy to implement due to its definition via the radical inverse function. However, the original Halton sequence suffers from correlations between radical inverse functions with different bases used for different dimensions. These correlations result in poorly distributed two-dimensional projections. A standard solution to this is to use a randomized (scrambled) version of the Halton sequence. Here, we analyze the correlations in the standard Halton sequence, and based on this analysis propose a new and simpler modified scrambling algorithm. We also provide a number theoretic criterion to choose the optimal scrambling from among a large family of random scramblings. Based on this criterion, we have found the optimal scrambling for up to 60 dimensions for the Halton sequence. This derandomized Halton sequence is then numerically tested and shown empirically to be far superior to the original sequence.
Manufacturing of a circular notch hinge as guiding system by electrical discharge machining (2003)

Presentation of the notch hinge as a guiding system. Its manufacturing by wire electro-discharge machining. Notch design parameters. Future work.
8.3 An 8b DAC-Based SST TX Using Metal Gate Resistors with 1.4pJ/b Efficiency at 112Gb/s PAM-4 and 8-Tap FFE in 7nm CMOS (2021)

Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)-based transmitters are suited to support different modulation formats (e.g., NRZ, PAM-4, OFDM), long-channel equalization (incl. roaming taps) or even amplitude reduction for reflection mitigation at short channels. Compared to transmitters with a conventional FFE, a less complex and more uniform high-speed analog frontend can be designed in a DAC TX if the number of taps is large (e.g., >5) because the equalization is performed in the digital signal processing (DSP) unit running at sub-rate. However, this imposes the challenge of achieving low latency and power consumption, particularly at high resolution (e.g. 8b) and speed. The DAC TX presented here addresses these challenges with a table-based FFE approach with input gating of the combinatorial logic in the DSP. In the analog part of the DAC TX power reduction is achieved by utilizing metal gate poly resistors for compact layout with fewer parasitics and a DAC-weight unit scaling for reduced clock load. Across a full lot of 5 split wafers (FF, FS, TT, SF, SS) the measured power efficiency at 100Gb/s PAM-4 ranges from 1.30 to 1.42pJ/b at a supply voltage of 900mV with all FFE taps enabled.
Tailored management and long–term outcome of congenital cholesteatoma (2016)

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Feasible Integration Scheme for Dual Work Function FUSI/HfSiON Gate Stacks with Selective Metal Pile-up to nMOSFET (2007)

We propose a feasible integration scheme for dual FUSI/HfSiON CMOS with low work function metal pile-up to nMOSFET. A newly developed post phase change process to Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Si and composition-dependent diffusivity of Al realize simplified integration of 4.3 eV/4.8 eV. Moreover, direct WF lowering of Pt <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Si with metal pile-up realizes 4.3 eV/4.9 eV.
Microphase Separation in Mixed Monolayers of DPPG with a Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymer at the Air−Water Interface: A BAM, LSCFM, and AFM Study (2010)

Phase separation and interactions in mixed monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) with the rhodamine B end-labeled double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC), poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-block-poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (RhB-PDMA(207)-b-PDEA(177)), was studied at the air-water interface. Surface pressure versus area isotherms indicate that both components behave almost independently. Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) images show a random distribution of liquid condensed (LC) domains of DPPG in an apparent homogeneous matrix of DHBC, excluding the macroscopic phase separation. The laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM) of the rhodamine dye at the end of the PDMA chain showed how the DHBC is distributed in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) mixed monolayers. The high spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with the LCSFM images indicates that DHBC incorporates in the expanded phase of DPPG to form mixed domains, being excluded from the condensed regions. Upon compression, nanosized LC domains of DPPG nucleate inside the mixed domains corralled in the nanopatterning of pure DHBC. The negatively charged polar group of DPPG inhibits rhodamine aggregation, while the long polymer chains promote the formation of corralled nanodomains of DPPG in two dimensions.
Complete Profiling of Methyl-CpG-Binding Domains for Combinations of Cytosine Modifications at CpG Dinucleotides Reveals Differential Read-out in Normal and Rett-Associated States (2020)

5-Methylcytosine (mC) exists in CpG dinucleotides of mammalian DNA and plays key roles in chromatin regulation during development and disease. As a main regulatory pathway, fully methylated CpG are recognized by methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins that act in concert with chromatin remodelers, histone deacetylases and methyltransferases to trigger transcriptional downregulation. In turn, MBD mutations can alter CpG binding, and in case of the MBD protein MeCP2 can cause the neurological disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). An additional layer of complexity in CpG recognition is added by ten-eleven-translocation (TET) dioxygenases that oxidize mC to 5-hydroxymethyl-, 5-formyl- and 5-carboxylcytosine, giving rise to fifteen possible combinations of cytosine modifications in the two CpG strands. We report a comprehensive, comparative interaction analysis of the human MBD proteins MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 with all CpG combinations and observe individual preferences of each MBD for distinct combinations. In addition, we profile four MeCP2 RTT mutants and reveal that although interactions to methylated CpGs are similarly affected by the mutations, interactions to oxidized mC combinations are differentially affected. These findings argue for a complex interplay between local TET activity/processivity and CpG recognition by MBDs, with potential consequences for the transcriptional landscape in normal and RTT states.
10 GHz, 20 mW, fast locking, adaptive gain PLLs with on-chip frequency calibration for agile frequency synthesis in a 0.18 μm digital CMOS process (2004)

This paper describes two fully integrated 10 GHz PLLs with an LC-VCO implemented in a 0.18 /spl mu/m native digital CMOS process. In the first version, an adaptive gain circuit along with a wide-swing charge pump improves the lock range and ensures faster settling. The PLL has a 1.6 GHz tuning range, a 0.5 /spl mu/s settling time (for a frequency step equal to 10% of the tuning range), reference sideband power of -58 dBc and phase noise of -105 dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset and -120 dBc/Hz at a 20 MHz offset (rms jitter of 1.3 ps) while dissipating less than 20 mW from a 1.6 V power supply. Enhancing the process with deep n-wells appears to improve the noise isolation of the circuit by about 5 dB. The second variant incorporates a combination of coarse and fine tuning for the VCO along with a new frequency calibration circuit based on a digital quadri-correlator. This PLL has a 1.25 GHz tuning range, a 10 /spl mu/s settling time, a reference sideband power below the noise floor and a phase noise of -105 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and -130 dBc/Hz at 20 MHz from the carrier (rms jitter of 1.2 ps).
Latent structure blockmodels for Bayesian spectral graph clustering (2022)

Abstract Spectral embedding of network adjacency matrices often produces node representations living approximately around low-dimensional submanifold structures. In particular, hidden substructure is expected to arise when the graph is generated from a latent position model. Furthermore, the presence of communities within the network might generate community-specific submanifold structures in the embedding, but this is not explicitly accounted for in most statistical models for networks. In this article, a class of models called latent structure block models (LSBM) is proposed to address such scenarios, allowing for graph clustering when community-specific one-dimensional manifold structure is present. LSBMs focus on a specific class of latent space model, the random dot product graph (RDPG), and assign a latent submanifold to the latent positions of each community. A Bayesian model for the embeddings arising from LSBMs is discussed, and shown to have a good performance on simulated and real-world network data. The model is able to correctly recover the underlying communities living in a one-dimensional manifold, even when the parametric form of the underlying curves is unknown, achieving remarkable results on a variety of real data.
Automatic neutron dosimetry system based on fluorescent nuclear track detector technology (2013)

For the first time, the authors are describing an automatic fluorescent nuclear track detector (FNTD) reader for neutron dosimetry. FNTD is a luminescent integrating type of detector made of aluminium oxide crystals that does not require electronics or batteries during irradiation. Non-destructive optical readout of the detector is performed using a confocal laser scanning fluorescence imaging with near-diffraction limited resolution. The fully automatic table-top reader allows one to load up to 216 detectors on a tray, read their engraved IDs using a CCD camera and optical character recognition, scan and process simultaneously two types of images in fluorescent and reflected laser light contrast to eliminate false-positive tracks related to surface and volume crystal imperfections. The FNTD dosimetry system allows one to measure neutron doses from 0.1 mSv to 20 Sv and covers neutron energies from thermal to 20 MeV. The reader is characterised by a robust, compact optical design, fast data processing electronics and user-friendly software.