gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Syntheses of Melophlins P, Q, and R, and Effects of Melophlins on the Growth of Microorganisms and Tumor Cells (2008)

The marine tetramic acid (=1,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-ones) derivatives melophlin P, Q, and R (1p-1r, resp.) were synthesized for the first time in only four steps. Together with the congenerous melophlins A-C and G, they were also tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Melophlins B, C, P, Q, and R, which share a 5-Me residue, showed some antibacterial activity, mainly in Gram-positive bacteria. Melophlins B, C, and R, which have Me-branched 3-acyl side chains in common, inhibited the growth of cells of human KB-3-1 cervix carcinoma, A-498 kidney carcinoma, and U-937 leukemia with IC(50) values <10 muM. They were similar in activity to cisplatin. Melophlin Q, also Me-branched, was astoundingly specific in inhibiting A-498 kidney cancer cells, while melophlin P inhibited U-937 leukemia cells particularly well. The position of the Me branch is decisive for the magnitude of the antiproliferative effect of the melophlin couples B/C and R/Q.
Learning to Fuse 2D and 3D Image Cues for Monocular Body Pose Estimation (2016)

Most recent approaches to monocular 3D human pose estimation rely on Deep Learning. They typically involve regressing from an image to either 3D joint coordinates directly or 2D joint locations from which 3D coordinates are inferred. Both approaches have their strengths and weaknesses and we therefore propose a novel architecture designed to deliver the best of both worlds by performing both simultaneously and fusing the information along the way. At the heart of our framework is a trainable fusion scheme that learns how to fuse the information optimally instead of being hand-designed. This yields significant improvements upon the state-of-the-art on standard 3D human pose estimation benchmarks.
A semidigital dual delay-locked loop (1997)

This paper describes a dual delay-locked loop architecture which achieves low jitter, unlimited (modulo 2/spl pi/) phase shift, and large operating range. The architecture employs a core loop to generate coarsely spaced clocks, which are then used by a peripheral loop to generate the main system clock through phase interpolation. The design of an experimental prototype in a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS technology is described. The prototype achieves an operating range of 80 kHz-400 MHz. At 250 MHz, its peak-to-peak jitter with quiescent supply is 68 ps, and its jitter supply sensitivity is 0.4 ps/mV.
High dissolved oxygen tension triggers outer membrane vesicle formation by Neisseria meningitidis (2018)

Increased dissolved oxygen tension induces the release of outer membrane vesicles in N. meningitidis cultures. Since oxygen concentration is a well-controlled process parameter of bacterial cultures, this trigger can be applied as a convenient process parameter to induce OMV release in bacterial cultures. Improved productivity of OMVs not only improves the production costs of OMVs as vaccines, it also facilitates the use of OMVs as adjuvants, enzyme carriers, or cell-specific drug delivery vehicles.
Dissecting Ramoplanin:  Mechanistic Analysis of Synthetic Ramoplanin Analogues as a Guide to the Design of Improved Antibiotics (2004)

Ramoplanin is a potent cyclic lipoglycodepsipeptide antibiotic that disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the peptidoglycan intermediate Lipid II and blocking its polymerization to form the carbohydrate chains of peptidoglycan. Although ramoplanin is a promising compound for certain indications, it has limitations that impede IV administration for systemic use. However, it may be possible to overcome these limitations with analogues. In this manuscript, we dissect the effects of structural changes to ramoplanin. The studies described here combine total synthesis with enzyme kinetics, NMR analysis, and MIC measurements to shed light on the roles of key structural features in this antibiotic in Lipid II binding, transglycosylation inhibition, and biological activity. The results should serve as a foundation for the design of synthetically accessible analogues with improved biological properties.
Benefits and Limitations of MARD as a Performance Parameter for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Interstitial Space (2019)

High-quality performance of medical devices for glucose monitoring is important for a safe and efficient usage of this diagnostic option by patients with diabetes. The mean absolute relative difference (MARD) parameter is used most often to characterize the measurement performance of systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Calculation of this parameter is relatively easy and comparison of the MARD numbers between different CGM systems appears to be straightforward on the first glance. However, a closer look reveals that a number of complex aspects make interpretation of the MARD numbers provided by the manufacturer for their CGM systems difficult. In this review, these aspects are discussed and considerations are made for a systematic and appropriate evaluation of the MARD in clinical trials. The MARD should not be used as the sole parameter to characterize CGM systems, especially when it comes to nonadjunctive usage of such systems.
Development of an advanced, continuous mild gasification process for the production of co-products (1990)

Research continued on continuous mild gasification for the production of co-products. Work performed during the quarter included the refractory cure of the carbonizer, and then shakedown of the carbonizer, water quench system, and char removal system. Construction continued on the tar/oil quench system. Sulfur capture tests carried out at AMAX included iron oxide sorbent scouting studies. 3 tabs.
Simulating speech with a physics-based facial muscle model (2006)

We present a physically based system for creating animations of novel words and phrases from text and audio input based on the analysis of motion captured speech examples. Leading image based techniques exhibit photo-real quality, yet lack versatility especially with regard to interactions with the environment. Data driven approaches that use motion capture to deform a three dimensional surface often lack any anatomical or physically based structure, limiting their accuracy and realism. In contrast, muscle driven physics-based facial animation systems can trivially integrate external interacting objects and have the potential to produce very realistic animations as long as the underlying model and simulation framework are faithful to the anatomy of the face and the physics of facial tissue deformation. We start with a high resolution, anatomically accurate flesh and muscle model built for a specific subject. Then we translate a motion captured training set of speech examples into muscle activation signals, and subsequently segment those into intervals corresponding to individual phonemes. Finally, these samples are used to synthesize novel words and phrases. The versatility of our approach is illustrated by combining this novel speech content with various facial expressions, as well as interactions with external objects.
Herakles Thruster Development for the Prometheus JIMO Mission (2005)

The Glenn Research Center (GRC) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) are leading a government technology program to design, develop, and validate a thruster for NASA’s Prometheus Project, and specifically, for the JIMO mission. This joint effort to develop the ‘Herakles’ thruster evolved from prior technology work (2002-04) awarded under competitive NRA proposals which resulted in development of high-power (20-40 kW) laboratory model thruster concepts at GRC and JPL (HiPEP and NEXIS, respectively). Development status of the Herakles thruster technology is reviewed.
Interactions Between Delivery, Transport, and Phosphorylation of Glucose in Governing Uptake Into Human Skeletal Muscle (2006)

Skeletal muscle accounts for a large proportion of insulin-stimulated glucose utilization. It is generally regarded that much of the control over rates of uptake is posited within the proximal steps of delivery, transport, and phosphorylation of glucose, with glucose transport as the main locus of control. Whether insulin modulates the distribution of control across these steps and in what manner remains uncertain. The current study addressed this in vivo using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of human muscle with sequential injections of three tracers ([(15)O]H(2)O, [(11)C]3-O-methyl glucose [3-OMG], and [(18)F]fluoro-deoxy glucose [FDG]) that enabled quantitative determinations of glucose delivery, transport, and its phosphorylation, respectively. Lean, healthy, research volunteers were studied during fasting conditions (n = 8) or during a euglycemic insulin infusion at 30 mU/min per m(2) (n = 8). PET images were coregistered with magnetic resonance imaging to contrast glucose kinetics in soleus, a highly oxidative muscle, with tibialis anterior, a less oxidative muscle. During fasting conditions, uptake of [(11)C]3-OMG was similar in soleus and tibialis anterior muscles, despite higher delivery to soleus (by 35%; P < 0.01). Uptake of [(18)F]FDG was also similar between muscle during fasting, and glucose transport was found to be the dominant locus of control (90%) for glucose uptake under this condition. Insulin increased uptake of [(11)C]3-OMG substantially and strongly stimulated the kinetics of bidirectional glucose transport. Uptake of [(11)C]3-OMG was higher in soleus than tibialis anterior muscle (by 22%; P < 0.01), a difference partially due to higher delivery, which was again found to be 35% higher to soleus (P < 0.01). The uptake of [(18)F]FDG was 65% greater in soleus compared with tibialis anterior muscle, a larger difference than for [(11)C]3-OMG (P < 0.01), indicating an added importance of glucose phosphorylation in defining insulin sensitivity. Analysis of the distribution of control during insulin-stimulated conditions revealed that most of the control was posited at delivery and transport and was equally divided between these steps. Thus, insulin evokes a broader distribution of control than during fasting conditions in governing glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. This redistribution of control is triggered by the robust stimulation of glucose transport, which in turn unmasks a greater dependence upon delivery and glucose phosphorylation.
Near-Atomic Resolution Imaging of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Molecules on Graphite by STM (1995)

Near-atomic resolution images of a two-dimensional heteroepitaxial crystal composed of the relatively "functionally rich" chiral liquid crystal mesogen MDW 74 on graphite have been obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This work is aimed at developing an improved understanding of the commercially crucial phenomenon of liquid crystal alignment by studying well-characterized surfaces. Herein is reported molecular-level characterization of the surface underlying a ferroelectric liquid crystal in situ, a requisite starting point for understanding the liquid crystal-solid interface at the molecular level. The results are also important in the context of developing a model for the molecular. origins of the contrast observed in STM images of organic monolayers on conductor surfaces. The data and analysis provide strong evidence that neither frontier orbital alone (highest occupied or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) is sufficient to describe the observed tunneling efficiency.
Quasi-two-dimensional electron system in a GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterojunction (1992)

Under various applied external conditions, we have investigated extensively the electronic energy-sublevel structure in a cap/${\mathit{n}}^{+}$-type ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/spacer/GaAs active layer/buffer/substrate heterojunction. When the buffer is an ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As alloy or an ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/GaAs multiple quantum well, both the electron and the heavy and light holes are found to be confined, and consequently the exciton effect is important. The depletion in the ${\mathit{n}}^{+}$-type ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As is incomplete if the doping concentration in this region is high, or the width of this region is wide, or the applied negative bias (the cap electrically negative, while the substrate grounded) is not very large. The measured energy-level structures of electrons at the interface between the ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As spacer and the GaAs active layer have been interpreted with a self-consistent calculation, taking into account the electrons both in the ${\mathit{n}}^{+}$-type ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As region and the GaAs active layer. Based on the present work, previously calculated photoluminescence excitation spectra are reexamined.
Inflammation-induced endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the cellular status of pericytes (2015)

Emerging lines of evidence have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication by exporting encapsulated materials, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), to target cells. Endothelial cell-derived EVs (E-EVs) are upregulated in circulating blood in different pathological conditions; however, the characteristics and the role of these E-EVs are not yet well understood. In vitro studies were conducted to determine the role of inflammation-induced E-EVs in the cell-to-cell communication between vascular endothelial cells and pericytes/vSMCs. Stimulation with inflammatory cytokines and endotoxin immediately induced release of shedding type E-EVs from the vascular endothelial cells, and flow cytometry showed that the induction was dose dependent. MiRNA array analyses revealed that group of miRNAs were specifically increased in the inflammation-induced E-EVs. E-EVs added to the culture media of cerebrovascular pericytes were incorporated into the cells. The E-EV-supplemented cells showed highly induced mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-B, which was assumed to be a downstream target of the miRNA that was increased within the E-EVs after inflammatory stimulation. The results suggest that E-EVs mediate inflammation-induced endothelial cell-pericyte/vSMC communication, and the miRNAs encapsulated within the E-EVs may play a role in regulating target cell function. E-EVs may be new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Initial Experience with the BioSig PURE EP™ Signal Recording System: An Animal Laboratory Experience (2017)

Current signal recording and processing systems have come a long way since their initial inception and use. There is, however, still ample scope for improvement, not only in the troubleshooting of their limitations, but also in the expansion of the boundaries in the recording of intracardiac signals. Here, we recount our experience with the use of the PURE EP™ signal recording system (BioSig Technologies, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) in the animal laboratory.
Predicting Risk of Endovascular Device Infection in Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia (PREDICT-SAB) (2014)

Among patients presenting with SAB and no signs of pocket infection, the risk of underlying CIED infection can be calculated based on the type of device, number of device-related procedures, and duration of SAB. We propose that patients without any of these high-risk features have a low risk of underlying CIED infection and may be monitored closely without immediate device extraction. Prospective studies are needed to validate this risk prediction model.
Hybrid Beamforming for mm-Wave Massive MIMOSystems with Partially Connected RF Architecture (2023)

Abstract To satisfy the capacity requirements of future mobile systems, under-utilized millimeter wave frequencies can be efficiently exploited by employing massive MIMO technology with highly directive beamforming.Hybrid analog-digital beamforming has been recognised as a promising approach for large-scale MIMO implementations with a reduced number of costly and power-hungry RF chains.In comparison to fully connected architecture, hybrid beamforming (HBF) with partially connected RF architecture is particularly appealing for the practical implementation due to less complex RF power division and combining networks.In this paper, we first formulate single- and multi-user rate maximization problems as weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) and derive solutions for hybrid beamformers using alternating optimization.The algorithms are designed for the full-array- and sub-array-based processing strategies of partially connected HBF architecture.In addition to the rate maximizing WMMSE solutions, we propose lower complexity sub-array-based zero-forcing algorithms.The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated in two different channel models, i.e., a simple geometric model and a realistic statistical millimeter wave model known as NYUSIM.The performance results of the WMMSE HBF algorithms are meant to reveal the potential of partially connected HBF and serve as upper bounds for lower complexity methods.Numerical results imply that properly designed partially connected HBF has the potential to provide an good compromise between hardware complexity and system performance in comparison to fully digital beamforming.
Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Guillain-Barré syndrome and its prognostic implications (1987)

Twenty-four patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome were prospectively evaluated for evidence of autonomic dysfunction. It occurred in 16 (66.7%) patients, usually during the peak period of paralysis, in the form of either excess or inadequate activity of sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nervous systems. Its clinical manifestations comprised of sinus tachycardia (33.3%), bradycardia (8.3%), hypertension (33.3%), postural hypotension (35%), urinary sphincteric disturbances (20.8%) and anhydrosis of lower limbs (12.5%). Assessment of cardiovascular responses to autonomic function tests revealed impaired alterations in heart rate during deep breathing (31.6%), Valsalva's manoeuvre (28.6%), sustained handgrip (25%), cold-pressor test (36.4%), postural change (35%) and atropine test (20%); and impaired rise in blood pressure during firm handgrip (25%) and cold-pressor test (36.6%). ECG abnormalities were noticed in 8 (33.3%) patients. They comprised of depressed ST segment in 5, inverted T wave in 3, tall T wave in 2 and prolonged QTc in 2 patients. Two patients died of respiratory failure. Autonomic dysfunction in Guillain-Barré syndrome did not appear to have any prognostic significance as there was no significant difference in autonomic dysfunction between good - and bad - outcome groups of patients.
Industry applications of multivariable control (2002)

In the face of environmental regulations, optimization of industrial processes becomes necessary. This doctoral thesis summarizes the results of three application-driven projects in automatic control that were aimed at process optimization in the steel industry. The objective of the projects was to apply advanced control strategies to two important processes in steel making, namely pulverized coal injection (PCI) in blast furnaces and LD converters. Firstly, an LQ multivariable controller with gas leakage detection system for PCI vessels is designed and analyzed. Secondly, a foam level control system for the LD converter process using an audio signal for measurement is designed. Thirdly, it is attempted to create a single line flow control system for PCI using a video camera. In the latter two cases the conservative approach of inferring unmeasurable physical quantities from the audio and video sources is used. Moreover, all the designs are tested through implementation or experiments at the industrial plant. The control and gas leakage detection system ended up as a full-scale industrial implementation, whereas the projects comprising audio and video information is still at an experimental stage. Work with implementation and experiments pays off in experiences and further insights in the application of control theory, and reveals weaknesses and gaps in the existing theory. Thus, application-driven projects lead to practical solutions and at the same time pose new theoretical challenges. Consequently, this chain of events is favorable to both practitioners and theoreticians, and in turn stimulates the collaboration of industry and academia. Unfortunately, in many research projects this sequence is reversed which complicates technology transfer into industry. As a spin-off effect from the multivariable control project of the PCI process two topics are addressed anew. In the problem of measurement/actuator pairs assignment for decentralized control, the geometrical background of Gramian-based interaction measures is clarified. It is shown that weighted Gramian-based interaction measures can be effectively used for control structure design. In control structure improvement of multivariable control systems, it is shown that improvement potentials can be deduced from coarse models of the closed-loop system. Finally, in the projects comprising audio and video signals in control applications, it is concluded that the theory is rather undeveloped and that these sources should be treated as a multivariable system.
Structural and functional studies of the early T lymphocyte activation 1 (Eta-1) gene. Definition of a novel T cell-dependent response associated with genetic resistance to bacterial infection. (1989)

We describe a murine cDNA, designated Early T lymphocyte activation 1 (ETA-1) which is abundantly expressed after activation of T cells. Eta-1 encodes a highly acidic secreted product having structural features of proteins that bind to cellular adhesion receptors. The Eta-1 gene maps to a locus on murine chromosome 5 termed Ric that confers resistance to infection by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (RT), an obligate intracellular bacterium that is the etiological agent for human scrub typhus. With one exception, inbred mouse strains that expressed the Eta-1a allele were resistant to RT infection (RicR), and inbred strains expressing the Eta-1b allele were susceptible (RicS). These findings suggest that Eta-1 is the gene inferred from previous studies of the Ric locus (5). Genetic resistance to RT infection is associated with a strong Eta-1 response in vivo and inhibition of early bacterial replication. Eta-1 gene expression appears to be part of a surprisingly rapid T cell-dependent response to bacterial infection that may precede classical forms of T cell-dependent immunity.
Management of recurrent, complex instability of the elbow with a hinged external fixator (1998)

W e have treated 16 patients with recurrent complex elbow instability using a hinged external fixator. All patients had instability, dislocation or subluxation of the ulnohumeral joint. The injuries were open in eight patients and were associated with 20 other fractures and five peripheral nerve injuries. Two patients had received initial treatment from us; 14 had previously had a mean of 2.1 unsuccessful surgical procedures (1 to 6). The fixator was applied at a mean of 4.8 weeks (0 to 9) after the injury and remained on the elbow for a mean of 8.5 weeks (6 to 11). After treatment we found the mean range of flexion-extension to be 105 (65 to 140). At a final follow-up of 23 months (14 to 40), the mean Morrey score was 84 (49 to 96): this translated into one poor, three fair, ten good and two excellent results. Complications included one fractured humeral pin, one temporary palsy of the radial nerve, one recurrent instability, one wound infection, one severe pin-track infection and one patient with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Although technically demanding, the use of the fixator is an important advance in the management of recurrent complex elbow instability after failure of conventional treatment.