gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution and massive trapping and separation of dielectric nanoparticles in an optical potential well array (2021)

Optical tweezers are versatile tools capable to separate microparticles, yet present formidable challenges in the separation of nanoparticles smaller than 200 nm. The difficulties arise from the controversy on the requirement of a tightly focused light spot in order to create strong optical forces while a large area is kept for the sorting. To overcome this problem, we create a near-field potential well array with connected tiny hotspots in a large-scale. This can separate nanoparticles with sizes from 100 to 500 nm, based on the differentiated energy depths of each potential well. In this way, nanoparticles of 200, 300 and 500 nm can be selectively trapped in this microchannel by appropriately tuning the laser power. Our approach provides a unprecedent solution for optical trapping and separation of nanoparticles and biomolecules, so that it presents a huge potential in the physical and biomedical sciences.
Visual and Automatic Classification of Galaxy Images (1984)

Abstract The requirements for a classification system for galaxy images are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of both visual and automatic classification techniques are assessed. The results of some preliminary experiments in the automatic classification of images are also presented.
Multiple-Vt Solutions in Nanosheet Technology for High Performance and Low Power Applications (2019)

In Nanosheet (NS) device architecture, it is much more challenging than FinFET to develop a suitable multiple threshold voltage (multi-Vt) integration with more restrictive requirement on the dimensions due to the critical dimension scaling and complex structure. In this abstract, we reported an innovative integration scheme to enable volumeless multi-Vt and metal multi-Vt to provide the multi-Vt solutions in NS technology for high performance computing (HPC) and low-power applications. We developed a new volumeless multi-Vt for NS to solve the device geometry constraint and offer more margin and the opportunity for further sheet-to-sheet spacing (Tsus) reduction. Furthermore, metal gate boundary control (MGBC) was developed to enable variable NS widths on the same wafer to satisfy both HPC and low-power applications.
Rigid/Flexible Organic Structure Directing Agents for Directing the Synthesis of Multipore Zeolites: A Computational Approach (2015)

The preferential crystallization of pure silica ITQ-39 and MFI zeolites using SDAEt and SDAPr, respectively, as organic structure directing agents (SDAs) is investigated here by theoretical methods using a periodic DFT-D model. For this purpose, the templating roles of SDAEt and SDAPr have been analyzed following a systematic study of the interaction of these two SDAs with the previously described zeolites through SDA stabilization energies (balance of intermolecular SDA dispersive interactions and SDA strain). From theoretical studies, it has been found that SDAEt located inside ITQ-39 zeolite and SDAPr placed within MFI show the largest stabilizations. These theoretical results agree with previous experimental observations for the preferential crystallization of pure silica ITQ-39 and MFI using SDAEt and SDAPr molecules, respectively.
Certain Imidazotetrazines Escape O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase and Mismatch Repair (2011)

Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), conferred by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) or mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, presents obstacles to successful glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment. Activities of novel TMZ analogs, designed to overcome resistance, were tested against isogenic SNB19 and U373 GBM cell lines (V = vector control, low MGMT; M = MGMT overexpression). TMZ and triazene MTIC demonstrated >9-fold resistance in SNB19M cells (cf SNB19V). N-3 methyl ester analog 11 and corresponding triazene 12 inhibited growth of TMZ-sensitive (V) and TMZ-resistant (M) cells (GI(50) <50 μM). Ethyl ester 13 and triazene 14 gave similar profiles. MMR-deficient colorectal carcinoma cells, resistant to TMZ (GI(50) >500 μM), responded to analog 11 and 13 treatment. Cross-resistance to these agents was not observed in cell lines possessing acquired TMZ resistance (SNB19VR; U373VR). Methyl ester 11 blocked SNB19V, SNB19M and SNB19VR cells in S and G(2)/M, causing dose- and time-dependent apoptosis. DNA damage, recruiting excision repair was detected by alkaline comet assay; H2AX phosphorylation indicated a lethal DNA double-strand break formation following analog 11 exposure. Compounds 11 and 13 demonstrated 3.7- and 5.1-fold enhanced activity in base excision repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells; furthermore, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibition potentiated HCT-116 cells' sensitivity to analog 11. In conclusion, analogs 11 and 13 exert anticancer activity irrespective of MGMT and MMR.
Industrial fluxless laser weld-brazing process of steel to aluminium athigh brazing speed (2016)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: Extended Aromatic Furan Amidino Derivatives as Anti‐Pneumocystis carinii Agents. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Novel Method for Land Vehicle Positioning: Invariant Kalman Filters and Deep-Learning-Based Radar Speed Estimation (2023)

Autonomous and intelligent vehicles are multi-sensor systems operating in various environments and conditions. Due to their characteristics, inertial measurement units (IMUs) are typically the core component of such systems. However, these sensors rapidly accumulate errors due to biases and noise, degrading the positioning solution. Therefore, this article presents a positioning solution that only uses three gyroscopes and one radar. The proposed method was tested using low-cost sensors in different scenarios, such as open-sky, urban and indoor areas. The key components of the method are the invariant Kalman filters and the use of deep neural networks to estimate the forward speed of the car using the radar readings. The method was tested on a custom dataset, and our integrated solution accurately estimates the vehicle's position, velocity, and orientation. We achieved, on average, a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.45\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> translational error in the tested scenarios, making the proposed method a robust alternative to current IMU-based positioning methods.
Quantification of sensitivity and resistance of breast cancer cell lines to anti-cancer drugs using GR metrics (2017)

Traditional means for scoring the effects of anti-cancer drugs on the growth and survival of cell lines is based on relative cell number in drug-treated and control samples and is seriously confounded by unequal division rates arising from natural biological variation and differences in culture conditions. This problem can be overcome by computing drug sensitivity on a per-division basis. The normalized growth rate inhibition (GR) approach yields per-division metrics for drug potency (GR<sub>50</sub>) and efficacy (GR<sub>max</sub>) that are analogous to the more familiar IC<sub>50</sub> and E<sub>max</sub> values. In this work, we report GR-based, proliferation-corrected, drug sensitivity metrics for ~4,700 pairs of breast cancer cell lines and perturbagens. Such data are broadly useful in understanding the molecular basis of therapeutic response and resistance. Here, we use them to investigate the relationship between different measures of drug sensitivity and conclude that drug potency and efficacy exhibit high variation that is only weakly correlated. To facilitate further use of these data, computed GR curves and metrics can be browsed interactively at http://www.GRbrowser.org/.
Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Potential Therapeutic Interventions: A Review and Its Implications in the Horse (1995)

Restoration of blood flow after a period of intestinal ischemia is necessary to maintain cell function and viability; however, the reintroduction of oxygen can initiate a cascade of events that exacerbates tissue injury. Intestinal I-R injury is manifested as increased microvascular and mucosal permeability, and mucosal necrosis. Reperfusion injury begins with the accumulation of hypoxanthine from ATP metabolism and the conversion of XDH to XO during ischemia. Upon reperfusion, the XO catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine to superoxide radicals in the presence of oxygen. Superoxide radicals are further reduced to highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, which initiate lipid peroxidation. Lipoperoxidation causes functional and structural alterations in cell membrane lipids and can release numerous inflammatory mediators, which exacerbate tissue damage. Neutrophils are recruited into tissues during ischemia and on reperfusion; then they undergo degranulation and release destructive products (proteases and OFRs), which mediate further tissue injury. A limited number of experimental studies in the gastrointestinal tract of horses have shown I-R injury. Additional studies are necessary to further elucidate and sequence the precise pathophysiologic mechanisms occurring in the equine intestine during I-R. Therapy should be focused on prevention of I-R injury by pharmacologic or chemical inhibition or modification of these pathophysiologic pathways. Selected pharmacologic agents or drug combinations may offer novel, scientifically relevant and yet practical approaches to alleviating intestinal I-R injury in horses. This may improve survival of horses with naturally acquired intestinal strangulation obstruction.
Nonwoven electrowetting textiles (2007)

Electrowetting of two nonwoven textile platforms is reported. Demonstrated nonwoven textiles include a polyethylene naphthalate film that was laser milled with ∼125μm pores, and pressed paper that was made using wood microfibers of 35–50μm diameter. Vacuum deposition provided an Al electrode on the polymer textile whereas layer-by-layer nanoassembly provided an organic PEI-PEDOT:PSS electrode on the wood microfibers. Both textiles were electrically insulated with parylene C and fluoropolymer. Irreversible electrowetting of water was achieved over contact angles of ∼120° to ∼70° by applying 0–100V. Completely reversible electrowetting of water/oil was also demonstrated.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Impact of Intrinsic Affinity on Functional Binding and Biological Activity of EGFR Antibodies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 62KB.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Fig. S2 from <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Coupled with Enzymatic Depletion of Tumor Hyaluronan Induces Complete Regression of Aggressive Pancreatic Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Treatment dose and scheduling. (A) Doses and schedule of therapies administered to tumor bearing mice. (B) Control groups treated with gemcitabine alone and NAB alone. Mice were implanted with 5x105 KPC-luc cells on day 0 and treated as specified in (A). Images are representative mice for multiple experiments using identical treatment regimens.&lt;/p&gt;
Preparation and In Vitro Validation of a Cucurbit[7]uril-Peptide Conjugate Targeting the LDL Receptor (2023)

Here we report the coupling of a cyclic peptide (VH4127) targeting the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) <i>noncompetitively</i> to cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to develop a new kind of drug delivery system (DDS), namely, CB[7]-VH4127, with maintained binding affinity to the LDLR. To evaluate the uptake potential of this bismacrocyclic compound, another conjugate was prepared comprising a high-affinity group for CB[7] (adamantyl(Ada)-amine) coupled to the fluorescent tracker Alexa680 (A680). The resulting A680-Ada·CB[7]-VH4127 supramolecular complex demonstrated conserved LDLR-binding potential and improved LDLR-mediated endocytosis and intracellular accumulation potential in LDLR-expressing cells. The combination of two technologies, namely, monofunctionalized CB[7] and the VH4127 LDLR-targeting peptide, opens new avenues in terms of targeting and intracellular delivery to LDLR-expressing tissues or tumors. The versatile transport capacity of CB[7], known to bind a large spectrum of bioactive or functional compounds, makes this new DDS suitable for a wide range of therapeutic or imaging applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Metal Binding Properties of Salicylate‐, Catecholate‐, and Hydroxypyridinonate‐Functionalized Dendrimers. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adaptive FPGA Placement Optimization via Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Developing new or improved optimization heuristics for Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools is challenging and time consuming, relying on empirical experimentation and researcher experience. In this work we study how this process can be improved by using Reinforcement Learning (RL) to learn effective and adaptive heuristics. Applying these techniques to Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) placement, we show our RL-enhanced algorithm outperforms the standard VTR 8 placer, achieving a better run-time & quality trade-off (up to 2× faster for equivalent quality). RL enables the placer to more efficiently explore the solution space and enables it to dynamically adapt to the specific problem instance being solved. We expect further application of advanced RL methods will improve these results, which motivates further exploration of how RL could be applied in the CAD flow.
Identification of Novel Genes Preferentially Expressed in the Retina Using a Custom Human Retina cDNA Microarray (2003)

Because previous studies have demonstrated that many retina-enriched genes are crucial for maintaining normal retinal function, the genes identified here are likely to include ones that have important roles in the retina and ones that when mutated can cause or modulate retinal disease. In addition, the retina custom array should provide a useful resource for comparing expression profiles between normal and diseased human retinas.
Fatalities of Hispanic Workers: Safety Initiatives Taken by U.S. Construction Companies to Address Linguistic and Cultural Issues (2010)

The U.S. Census Bureau's projection states that Hispanics form the largest minority group in the U.S. construction industry. A major challenge faced by American construction companies is the continually increasing number of fatalities among its Hispanic workers. According to the literature, illiteracy, the language barrier, and cultural differences are major causes of Hispanic worker fatalities. This study focuses on two out of these three aspects, i.e., language barriers and cultural differences. The study was undertaken to explore the reasons behind the lack of safety awareness of Hispanic workers, and to investigate the measures that construction companies take to deal with this problem. The literature review identified the main issues that need to be addressed by construction companies to ensure the safety of Hispanic workers. A survey was created, asking supervisors/directors of the top U.S. construction companies about their safety initiatives. As a result, it was found that construction companies address the problems of language and cultural barriers by implementing initiatives such as hands-on training, English as a Second Language courses, bilingual trainers, vocabulary cards, social gatherings, and common workshops. This study may help the construction industry identify areas requiring attention in order to improve the safety of its Hispanic employees.
Energy transfer across a hydrogen-bonded, cytosine-derived, zinc–free-base porphyrin conjugate (1991)

A novel approach to construction of multi-chromophoric arrays is described in which the self-association of cytosine residues in aprotic solvents is used to assemble complexes containing 2–4 porphyrin subunits.
Porous Diaphragm Syndrome with Repeated Rapid Accumulation of Pleural Effusion (2014)

A 53-year-old woman was admitted with right massive transudative pleural effusion and acute renal failure. The amount of pleural fluid reduced in response to treatment with hydration and diuretics; however, the effusion recurred one month later. We suspected the presence of a right pleuroperitoneal communication allowing pleural fluid to accumulate from an origin of ascites triggered by renal failure. Chest computed tomography following pleural drainage revealed a small nodule in the right upper lobe of the lung. A diagnosis of T1aN0M0 lung adenocarcinoma was made based on the results of various examinations, including bronchoscopy. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed, and the presence of a small hole communicating between the pleural and peritoneal cavities was confirmed in the right diaphragm during the surgery.
Pattern generator circuit for high-speed pulse generation (2023)

A pattern generator circuit includes a high-speed shift register and a non-overlap generator. The shift register is programmable to produce a pulse train of pulses having a defined pulse duration and a defined pulse-to-pulse interval. The non-overlap generator deserializes the incoming pulse train, and it produces a time-separated reset pulse based on the pulse train. The shift register is configured to permit the pulse durations and pulse-to-pulse interval to be selected arbitrarily over specified ranges in increments of a basic time unit that depends on the oscillator period.
Integer affine transformations of parametric ℤ-polytopes and applications to loop nest optimization (2012)

The polyhedral model is a well-known compiler optimization framework for the analysis and transformation of affine loop nests. We present a new method to solve a difficult geometric operation that is raised by this model: the integer affine transformation of parametric ℤ-polytopes. The result of such a transformation is given by a worst-case exponential union of ℤ-polytopes. We also propose a polynomial algorithm (for fixed dimension), to count points in arbitrary unions of a fixed number of parametric ℤ-polytopes. We implemented these algorithms and compared them to other existing algorithms, for a set of applications to loop nest analysis and optimization.
Hepatic tissue engineering (2005)

Summary form only given. Despite more than three decades of research and development, an artificial liver has not yet become clinical reality. Although previous attempts using a multiplicity of techniques including hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, plasma exchange, crosshemodialysis, and extracorporeal perfusion have shown minor improvement in patients with acute hepatic failure, clinical trials have failed to demonstrate any survival benefit. More recent efforts have been directed at the use of hepatocytes as the basis of liver support. A primary problem with these cell-based approaches that involves the use of hepatocyte in liver assist devices is the eventual loss of differentiated phenotype. Our strategy is to target this fundamental problem by developing a bioartificial liver that incorporates highly-differentiated hepatocytes. The effect of fluid flow on cultured hepatocytes as well as the development of microchannels due to the high metabolic need of hepatocytes for oxygen will also be discussed. Finally, the efficacy of hepatic tissue engineered micro-reactors in small animal studies of liver failure will be presented. In summary, this presentation will take a critical look at past and present concepts in the development of hepatocyte-based artificial liver assist systems, and review the ongoing work on, hepatic tissue engineering in our laboratory.
Silicon photonic system example (2015)

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Ultrafast, Controllable Synthesis of Sub-Nano Metallic Clusters through Defect Engineering (2019)

Supported metallic nanoclusters (NCs, < 2 nm) are of great interests in various catalytic reactions with enhanced activities and selectivities, yet it is still challenging to efficiently and controllably synthesize ultrasmall NCs with a high-dispersal density. Here we report the in situ synthesis of surfactant-free, ultrasmall, and uniform NCs via a rapid thermal shock on defective substrates. This is achieved by using high-temperature synthesis with extremely fast kinetics while limiting the synthesis time down to milliseconds (e.g., ∼1800 K for 55 ms) to avoid aggregation. Through defect engineering and optimized loading, the particle size can be robustly tuned from >50 nm nanoparticles to <1 nm uniform NCs with a high-dispersal density. We demonstrate that the ultrasmall NCs exhibit drastically improved activities for catalytic CO oxidation as compared to their nanoparticulated counterparts. In addition, the reported method shows generality in synthesizing most metallic NCs (e.g., Pt, Ru, Ir, Ni) in an extremely facile and efficient manner. The ultrafast and controllable synthesis of uniform, high-density, and size-controllable NCs paves the way for the utilization and nanomanufacturing of NCs for a range of catalytic reactions.
A New Automatic Readout Circuit for a Gas Sensor With Organic Vertical Nano-Junctions (2016)

The design of the proposed readout circuit provides benefits of detection speed, portability, low-cost and less human operational errors compared with the measurement by traditional instruments. Thus the added value is brought for biosensors and applied in home care. A novel readout circuit for a gas sensor based on an organic diode with vertical nano-junctions (VNJ) is proposed in this study. There are seven parts included in the readout system. First part is a preamplifier, second part is a peak-detect-and-hold circuit, third part is a divider, fourth part is the saturation detector, fifth part is the auto-reset circuit, sixth part is a logic gate and a buffer, seventh part is a micro-processor control unit (MCU). STM32 is the CPU of proposed MCU by ALIENTEK. The ADC of MCU is used to transform the output data of readout circuit. The designed circuit is accomplished by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.35 μm 2P4M 3.3 V mixed signal CMOS process, the area of chip is 0.74×0.75 mm2. Finally, the differences between experimental results with post-simulation results in 10 ppb ∼ 3 ppm of ammonia, the differences are within 7.24%. The sensing system is able to detect minimum ammonia concentration of 10 ppb, while the maximum one reaches around 3 ppm.
Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors and Their Role in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (2003)

The drug selectively targets farnesyltransferase, but this effect did not correlate with disease stabilization, suggesting that these drugs may be targeting a survival pathway independent of Ras processing. Further studies will evaluate the use of FTI in maintenance therapy as well as in combination with other agents in advanced myeloma.
Fast Available Bandwidth Estimation Algorithm Using Active Measurement (2007)

This paper considers the available bandwidth estimation at the network layer. Proposed algorithm is based on the feature of one-way packet delay and proportional share of link capacity. We show our method is more accurate and faster than other method.