gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CryptosporidiumandGiardiaremoval by secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment (2015)

Wastewater disposal may be a source of environmental contamination by Cryptosporidium and Giardia. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in raw and treated wastewater effluents. A prevalence of 100% was demonstrated for Giardia cysts in raw wastewater, at a concentration range of 10 to 12,225 cysts L(-1), whereas the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in raw wastewater was 4 to 125 oocysts L(-1). The removal of Giardia cysts by secondary and tertiary treatment processes was greater than those observed for Cryptosporidium oocysts and turbidity. Cryptosporidium and Giardia were present in 68.5% and 76% of the tertiary effluent samples, respectively, at an average concentration of 0.93 cysts L(-1) and 9.94 oocysts L(-1). A higher detection limit of Cryptosporidium oocysts in wastewater was observed for nested PCR as compared to immune fluorescent assay (IFA). C. hominis was found to be the dominant genotype in wastewater effluents followed by C. parvum and C. andersoni or C. muris. Giardia was more prevalent than Cryptosporidium in the studied community and treatment processes were more efficient for the removal of Giardia than Cryptosporidium. Zoonotic genotypes of Cryptosporidium were also present in the human community. To assess the public health significance of Cryptosporidium oocysts present in tertiary effluent, viability (infectivity) needs to be assessed.
Hematology Quality Practices (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Instrument/method selection Quality control in the hematology laboratory Proficiency testing (external quality assessment) Reference intervals (normal range) References
Reconstruction of insulin secretion rate by deconvolution: domain of validity of a monoexponential C-peptide impulse response model1 (1996)

Insulin secretion rate (ISR) in vivo is reconstructed by deconvolution from plasma concentration of C-peptide (CP), a peptide with linear kinetics which is co-secreted with insulin but is not extracted by the liver. Deconvolution requires the knowledge of the CP impulse response. A two-exponential (2E) model is usually chosen to describe the CP impulse response but a one-exponential (1E) model is also used in the literature. The purpose here is to discuss the domain of validity of the 1E model in reconstructing the ISR by deconvolution. In particular, we show that the 1E model can be reliably used only if the ISR spectrum is concentrated in a narrow frequency band and a suitable input is designed for its identification.
Signal parameter enhancement of an optical wireless system utilizing wavelet transform (2003)

This paper is aimed to enhance the signal detection parameters necessary for designing an optical wireless local access network (WLAN), based on wavelet transform analysis. The design of such a network is based on the specifications set by the IEEE 802.11 standard. A short-range IR communication technique that is cost effective and requires less power considerations is presented. Signals detected under line-of-sight geometry are shown.
772 Two-year Follow-up on Patients in a Pilot Safety and Efficacy Study of OP-1 (rhBMP-7) in Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion as a Replacement for Iliac Crest Autograft (2004)

INTRODUCTION: Posterolateral intertransverse lumbar fusion is a commonly performed procedure for stabilization of the degenerated lumbar spine. A typical clinical scenario for which such fusions are used is the stabilization of a degenerative spondylolisthesis after decompression. In a recent large series reported in literature, this type of fusion was noted to have a pseudarthrosis rate of up to 55% (Fischgrund, Spine 1997). METHODS: Thirty-six patients with the diagnosis of symptomatic spinal stenosis and single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis in the lower lumbar spine (L3–S1) were enrolled. Patients were randomized to either the OP-1 group or the control group. The OP-1 group received 3.5 mg of OP-1 per side in a bone collagen putty carrier. The control group received iliac crest autograft alone. Outcomes were measured clinically using the Oswestry score and radiographically using dynamic radiographs evaluated independently by a panel of blinded radiologists using digital calipers. Patients were deemed a clinical success if they showed an approximately 20% improvement in Oswestry score and were deemed a radiographic success if they showed bridging bone and spinal stability on flexion/extension films. RESULTS: At 24 months, 16 of 17 evaluable patients (94%) in the OP-1 group and 6 of 10 evaluable patients (60%) in the autograft group were considered clinical successes, whereas 11 of 17 patients (65%) in the OP-1 group and 4 of 10 (40%) in the autograft group were considered radiographic successes. No acute adverse events related to the use of OP-1 were noted. CONCLUSION: OP-1 seems to be a safe and effective replacement for iliac crest autograft in human posterolateral lumbar fusion. The dose, 3.5 mg per side, and the carrier, biodegradable, compression-resistant bone collagen putty, seem to provide a safe and effective means of delivering the bone morphogenetic protein OP-1 to the human lumbar spine.
Emergence of H5N1 avian influenza viruses with reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors and novel reassortants in Lao People's Democratic Republic (2009)

Pandemic influenza viruses can emerge through continuous evolution and the acquisition of specific mutations or through reassortment. This study assessed the pandemic potential of H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry outbreaks occurring from July 2006 to September 2008 in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). We analyzed 29 viruses isolated from chickens and ducks and two from fatal human cases in 2007. Prior to 2008, all H5N1 isolates in Lao PDR were from clade 2.3.4; however, clade 2.3.2 was introduced in September 2008. Of greatest concern was the circulation of three isolates that showed reduced sensitivity to the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir in an enzyme inhibition assay, each with different NA mutations - V116A, I222L and K150N, and a previously unreported S246N mutation. In addition, six isolates had an S31N mutation in the M2 protein, which conferred resistance to amantadine not previously reported in clade 2.3.4 viruses. Two H5N1 reassortants were isolated whose polymerase genes, PB1 and PB2, were homologous to those of Eurasian viruses giving rise to a novel H5N1 genotype, genotype P. All H5N1 viruses retained avian-like receptor specificity, but four had altered affinities for alpha2,3-linked sialic acid. This study shows that, in a genetically similar population of H5N1 viruses in Lao PDR, mutants emerged with natural resistance to antivirals and altered affinities for alpha2,3-linked sialic acids, together with reassortants with polymerase genes homologous to Eurasian viruses. These changes may contribute to the emergence of a pandemic influenza strain and are critical in devising surveillance strategies.
Seamless sequence of software defined radio designs through hardware reconfigurability of FPGAs (2008)

Software Defined Radio (SDR) base stations can compensate for failures in disaster scenarios by assimilating different communication technologies. FPGAs play an important role in the platform of an SDR base station because of flexibility and DSP processing power that they deliver. The flexibility of FPGAs comes at the high cost of reconfiguration time overhead which can be a serious deterrence because of QoS requirements of real time traffic. In this paper we propose a solution to reduce reconfiguration time overhead at system-level where we are provided the configuration of each wireless system. Following that we step further and integrate our solution in to a floorplanner to generate placements for wireless systems which can systematically hide or reduce reconfiguration time overhead. Our experiments show the effectiveness of our approach
Increasing the resolution of the adult neurogenesis picture (2014)

The birth of new neurons in the adult mammalian brain-once thought impossible-is now a well-accepted phenomenon that takes place in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the hippocampus. This review focuses on the recent work that has sharpened our views of how hippocampal newborn neurons are regulated and function. Areas of study include (a) how neurogenesis contributes to behavioral pattern separation, (b) how pattern separation may be influenced by the properties and circuitry of newborn neurons, (c) differences along the dorsal-ventral axis of how neurogenesis is regulated and functions, and (d) adult neurogenesis in primates, including new human data. These current avenues of research reveal new details of adult neurogenesis and foreshadow what we may learn about this exciting phenomenon in the near future.
A design of antenna duplexer using ladder type SAW filters (2002)

This paper describes a design technology of a small antenna duplexer, especially package conditions, by using ladder type SAW filters. This requires not only optimizing the filter design but also the electrode materials and the package design which has matching circuitry for the duplexer configuration. The matching circuitry was incorporated into a microstrip structural pattern which is designed onto the surface of a multilayer ceramic package. To avoid the deterioration of in-band VSWR and reflection coefficient of the stop-band after rotating phase caused by the matching pattern, the characteristic impedance of the matching pattern was designed to be 1.06 times Zo. To obtain the high stop-band attenuation and Tx-Rx isolation characteristics, the package parasitic inductance was used by the multilayer structure design of the package.
Antenna Selection with RF Pre-Processing (2004)

Multiple antenna transmitter and receiver architectures that combine antenna selection with RF pre-processing have been shown to significantly outperform conventional antenna selection with the same number of RF chains. Often, performance close to a full complexity architecture (with more RF chains) is also achieved. This work studies the effect of hardware and signal processing non-idealities on such architectures. We show that they are robust to quantization, phase, and calibration errors introduced by RF phase-shifters, and also to the channel estimation errors. While insertion loss does lead to performance degradation, performance better than conventional antenna selection is observed for typical insertion loss values.
NI wireless testbed solution for novel future generation communication systems (2013)

Channel models and channel measurements in conjunction with system simulations and system metric calculations do offer, to some degree, the possibility of assessing the viability of a novel communications systems, particularly B4G systems. However, they do not offer a complete picture of system performance. Issues such as hardware complexity, transmit and receive synchronization and implementation impairments are not generally addressed by such approaches. For example, in many simulations, only the baseband channel is considered, which in turn could mean that the effect of frequency offset at radio frequency (RF) upconversion and downconversion stages may be conveniently ignored. Other aspects of the communications link, such as the quality of the antennas at either end, are also often neglected in this kind of performance assessment. The solution to such analytical shortcomings is to employ a wireless testbed.
A comparison of drive mechanisms for precision motion controlled stages (2006)

This abstract presents a comparison of two drive mechanisms, a Rohlix{reg_sign} drive and a polymer nut drive, for precision motion controlled stages. A single-axis long-range stage with a 50 mm traverse combined with a short-range stage with a 16 {micro}m traverse at a operational bandwidth of 2.2 kHz were developed to evaluate the performance of the drives. The polymer nut and Rohlix{reg_sign} drives showed 4 nm RMS and 7 nm RMS positioning capabilities respectively, with traverses of 5 mm at a maximum velocity of 0.15 mm{sup -}s{sup -1} with the short range stage operating at a 2.2 kHz bandwidth. Further results will be presented in the subsequent sections.
Discovery of Brivanib Alaninate ((S)-((R)-1-(4-(4-Fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yloxy)propan-2-yl)2-aminopropanoate), A Novel Prodrug of Dual Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 Kinase Inhibitor (BMS-540215) (2008)

A series of amino acid ester prodrugs of the dual VEGFR-2/FGFR-1 kinase inhibitor 1 (BMS-540215) was prepared in an effort to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of the parent compound. These prodrugs were evaluated for their ability to liberate parent drug 1 in in vitro and in vivo systems. The l-alanine prodrug 8 (also known as brivanib alaninate/BMS-582664) was selected as a development candidate and is presently in phase II clinical trials.
Selecting the “Touched Vertebra” as the Lowest Instrumented Vertebra in Patients with Lenke Type-1 and 2 Curves (2020)

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of Refinery Stream Gasoline Property Variation on Load Sensitivity of the HCCI Combustion (2013)

The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion process is highly reliant upon a favorable in-cylinder thermal environment in an engine, for a given fuel. Commercial fuels can differ considerably in composition and autoignition chemistry; hence, strategies intended to bring HCCI to market must account for this fuel variability. To this end, a test matrix consisting of eight gasoline fuels comprised of blends made solely from refinery streams were run in an experimental, single cylinder HCCI engine. All fuels contained 10% ethanol by volume and were representative of a cross section of fuels one would expect to find at gasoline pumps across the United States. The properties of the fuels were varied according to research octane number (RON), sensitivity (S = RON-MON), and volumetric content of aromatics and olefins. For each fuel, a sweep of load (mass of fuel injected per cycle) was conducted and the intake air temperature was adjusted in order to keep the crank angle of the 50% mass fraction burned point (CA50) constant. By analyzing the amount of temperature compensation required to maintain constant combustion phasing, it was possible to determine the sensitivity of HCCI to changes in load for various fuels. In addition, the deviation of fuel properties brought about variations in important engine performance metrics like specific fuel consumption. Though the injected energy content per cycle was matched at the baseline point across the test fuel matrix, thermodynamic differences resulted in a spread of specific fuel consumption for the fuels tested.
A high energy density relaxor antiferroelectric pulsed capacitor dielectric (2016)

Pulsed capacitors require high energy density and low loss, properties that can be realized through selection of composition. Ceramic (Pb0.88La0.08)(Zr0.91Ti0.09)O3 was found to be an ideal candidate. La3+ doping and excess PbO were used to produce relaxor antiferroelectric behavior with slim and slanted hysteresis loops to reduce the dielectric hysteresis loss, to increase the dielectric strength, and to increase the discharge energy density. The discharge energy density of this composition was found to be 3.04 J/cm3 with applied electric field of 170 kV/cm, and the energy efficiency, defined as the ratio of the discharge energy density to the charging energy density, was 0.920. This high efficiency reduces the heat generated under cyclic loading and improves the reliability. The properties were observed to degrade some with temperature increase above 80 °C. Repeated electric field cycles up to 10 000 cycles were applied to the specimen with no observed performance degradation.
Stable and Colorful Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Nonperiodic SiO2/TiO2 Multi-Nanolayer Filter (2019)

While research on building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) has mainly focused on power-generating window applications, the utilization of other underutilized surface areas in buildings, including exteriors, facades, and rooftops, has still not been fully explored. The most important requirements for BIPVs are color, power conversion efficiency (PCE), and long-term stability. In this work, we achieved colorful (red, green, blue, RGB) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with minimized PCE loss (<10%) and enhanced photostability by exploiting the optical properties of nonperiodic multi-nanolayer, narrow-bandwidth reflective filters (NBRFs). The NBRFs were fabricated by multilayering high-index TiO<sub>2</sub>/low-index SiO<sub>2</sub> in a nonperiodic manner, which allowed devices to demonstrate various colors with effectively suppressed unwanted baseline ripple-shape reflectance. The PCEs of PSCs with nonperiodic RGB-NBRFs were 18.0%, 18.6%, and 18.9%, which represent reductions of only 10%, 7%, and 6% of PCE values, respectively, compared to a black control PSC (20.1%). Moreover, the photostability of the PSCs was substantially improved by using the NBRFs because of ultraviolet blocking in the TiO<sub>2</sub> layers. The G-PSC retained 65% of the initial PCE after 60 h of continuous illumination (AM 1.5G one sun) at the maximum power point, whereas the black PSC retained only 30%. Aesthetic color value, low PCE loss, and enhanced photostability of PSCs were simultaneously achieved by employing our NBRFs, making this a promising strategy with potential applicability in power-generating building exteriors.
Prognostics-enhanced Automated Contingency Management for advanced autonomous systems (2008)

This paper introduces a novel prognostics-enhanced automated contingency management (or ACM+P) paradigm based on both current health state (diagnosis) and future health state estimates (prognosis) for advanced autonomous systems. Including prognostics in ACM system allows not only fault accommodation, but also fault mitigation via proper control actions based on short term prognosis, and moreover, the establishment of a long term operational plan that optimizes the utility of the entire system based on long term prognostics. Technical challenges are identified and addressed by a hierarchical ACM+P architecture that allows fault accommodation and mitigation at various levels in the system ranging from component level control reconfiguration, system level control reconfiguration, to high level mission re-planning and resource redistribution. The ACM+P paradigm was developed and evaluated in a high fidelity unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) simulation environment with flight-proven baseline flight controller and simulated diagnostics and prognostics of flight control actuators. Simulation results are presented. The ACM+P concept, architecture and the generic methodologies presented in this paper are applicable to many advanced autonomous systems such as deep space probes, unmanned autonomous vehicles, and military and commercial aircrafts.
Allelopathy and Allelopathic Substances in the Leaves of Metasequoia glyptostroboides from Pruned Branches for Weed Management (2023)

Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et W.C. Cheng, known as a living fossil species, is planted in parks, gardens, and streets in many temperate regions worldwide. Adequate branch pruning is necessary to grow the plants in these locations, and pruning generates a large amount of waste. In this study, allelopathic activity of pruned-branch waste was investigated to search for beneficial applications of the waste. The leaves of M. glyptostroboides obtained from pruned branches were extracted, and the extracts showed growth-inhibitory activity on four weed species, namely, Vulpia myuros, Lolium multiflorum, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Phleum pretense. The inhibition was extract-concentration dependent. The roots of P. pretense were the most sensitive, and the coleoptiles of E. crus-galli were the least sensitive to the extracts among all roots and coleoptiles of these weed species. Two allelopathic substances in the extracts were isolated and identified as umbelliferone and (+)-rhododendrol. Both compounds showed inhibitory activity on the growth of V. myuros, although the inhibitory activity of (+)-rhododendrol was much greater than that of umbelliferone. The leaves may also contain some other allelopathic substances. These allelopathic substances, including umbelliferone and (+)-rhododendrol, may work as growth-inhibitory substances of leaf extracts. Therefore, the leaves of M. glyptostroboides obtained from pruned branches are allelopathic and potentially useful for weed control in certain agricultural settings such as foliar spray and soil additive, to decrease synthetic herbicide application in crop production pursuant to developing ecofriendly agriculture.
Unlicensed natural born killers (2011)

In this issue of Blood, Barao and colleagues describe repopulation of Ly49G2 single-positive NK cells after congenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that appear fully functional, having tumor cytolytic capacity despite recipients lacking MHC molecules thought necessary to license them.
Correction to “Exciton-Dominated Core-Level Absorption Spectra of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites” (2018)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Exciton-Dominated Core-Level Absorption Spectra of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites"Christian Vorwerk*Christian VorwerkMore by Christian Vorwerkhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-9553, Claudia HartmannClaudia HartmannMore by Claudia Hartmannhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-8161, Caterina CocchiCaterina CocchiMore by Caterina Cocchihttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-9461, Golnaz SadoughiGolnaz SadoughiMore by Golnaz Sadoughi, Severin N. HabisreutingerSeverin N. HabisreutingerMore by Severin N. Habisreutingerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-8744, Roberto FélixRoberto FélixMore by Roberto Félix, Regan G. WilksRegan G. WilksMore by Regan G. Wilks, Henry J. SnaithHenry J. SnaithMore by Henry J. Snaithhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-790X, Marcus BärMarcus BärMore by Marcus Bärhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-0691, and Claudia DraxlClaudia DraxlMore by Claudia Draxlhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3523-6657Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9, 12, 3193Publication Date (Web):June 1, 2018Publication History Published online1 June 2018Published inissue 21 June 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01552https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01552correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views747Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (524 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐BREFELDIN A (1977)

Abstract Die Synthese von Brefeldin A (XI) wird ausgehend von dem bicyclischen Diester (I) in der angedeuteten Weise beschrieben.