gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On The Performance Of Cell-Free Massive Mimo With Short-Term Power Constraints (2016)

In this paper we consider a time-division duplex cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system where many distributed access points (APs) simultaneously serve many users. A normalized conjugate beamforming scheme, which satisfies short-term average power constraints at the APs, is proposed and analyzed taking into account the effect of imperfect channel information. We derive an approximate closed-form expression for the per-user achievable downlink rate of this scheme. We also provide, analytically and numerically, a performance comparison between the normalized conjugate beamforming and the conventional conjugate beamforming scheme in [1] (which satisfies long-term average power constraints). Normalized conjugate beamforming scheme reduces the beamforming uncertainty gain, which comes from the users’ lack of the channel state information knowledge, and hence, it improves the achievable downlink rate compared to the conventional conjugate beamforming scheme.
Investigating Cu(0)-Mediated Polymerizations: New Kinetic Insights Based on a Comparison of Kinetic Modeling with Experimental Data (2013)

A kinetic model is developed mimicking experimental results obtained via detailed kinetic investigation of Cu0-mediated LRP processes of butyl acrylate in variable solvents at 50°C. In all polymerizations, a pronounced offset in the M̄n versus conversion profile is observed. The kinetic modeling predicts that conventional FRP is responsible for a high molecular weight fraction of terminated polymer. The initial M̄n offset is congruent with a relatively slow establishment of the controlling equilibrium. Kinetic modeling and experiments demonstrate that the conversion versus time data cannot be adequately described by a first-order kinetic analysis. For selected rate coefficients (ka, kd, and kdis_cu) a range is assigned, which affords a well controlled polymerization. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp;amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Assessment of the Diagnostic Utility of Serum MicroRNA Classification in Patients With Diffuse Glioma (2019)

This study appears to have identified promising serum microRNA combinations for detecting diffuse glioma and for assessing histologic features of brain tumors.
Übergangsmetall‐Methylen‐Komplexe, IV: Neue Methylen‐Cobalt‐Komplexe (1978)

Abstract Dicarbonyl(η‐cyclopentadienyl)cobalt ( 2 ) reagiert mit Diazoessigsäure‐ethylester ( 3a ). Diazoessigsäure‐ tert ‐butylester ( 3b ). Diazomalonsäure‐dimethylester ( 3c ) bzw. Diazomalonsäurediethylester ( 3d ) in siedendem Benzol unter Bildung der zweikernigen diamagnetischen Komplexe [η‐C 5 H 5 Co(CO)] 2 ‐μ‐[C(R)(CO 2 R′)] (R = H, R′ = C 2 H 5 ; 4a ; R = H, R′ = tert ‐C 4 H 9 : 4b : R = CO 2 CH 3 , R′ = CH 3 : 5a : R = CO 2 C 2 H 5 , R′ = C 2 H 5 : 5b ), in denen die 3a – d entsprechenden Carbene als Brückenliganden stabilisiert sind.
TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL WAVE BARRIERS FOR THE REDUCTION OF GROUND VIBRATION TRANSMISSION (2015)

TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL WAVE BARRIERS FOR THE REDUCTION OF GROUND VIBRATION TRANSMISSION - 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering - 25 - 27 May 2015 Crete Island, Greece
Eruption Interval Monitoring at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland (2019)

Abstract Geysers are hot springs whose frequency of water eruptions remain poorly understood. We set up a local broadband seismic network for 1 year at Strokkur geyser, Iceland, and developed an unprecedented catalog of 73,466 eruptions. We detected 50,135 single eruptions but find that the geyser is also characterized by sets of up to six eruptions in quick succession. The number of single to sextuple eruptions exponentially decreased, while the mean waiting time after an eruption linearly increased (3.7 to 16.4 min). While secondary eruptions within double to sextuple eruptions have a smaller mean seismic amplitude, the amplitude of the first eruption is comparable for all eruption types. We statistically model the eruption frequency assuming discharges proportional to the eruption multiplicity and a constant probability for subsequent events within a multituple eruption. The waiting time after an eruption is predictable but not the type or amplitude of the next one.
Creation and analysis of biochemical constraint-based models: the COBRA Toolbox v3.0 (2017)

COnstraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) provides a molecular mechanistic framework for integrative analysis of experimental data and quantitative prediction of physicochemically and biochemically feasible phenotypic states. The COBRA Toolbox is a comprehensive software suite of interoperable COBRA methods. It has found widespread applications in biology, biomedicine, and biotechnology because its functions can be flexibly combined to implement tailored COBRA protocols for any biochemical network. Version 3.0 includes new methods for quality controlled reconstruction, modelling, topological analysis, strain and experimental design, network visualisation as well as network integration of chemoinformatic, metabolomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and thermochemical data. New multi-lingual code integration also enables an expansion in COBRA application scope via high-precision, high-performance, and nonlinear numerical optimisation solvers for multi-scale, multi-cellular and reaction kinetic modelling, respectively. This protocol can be adapted for the generation and analysis of a constraint-based model in a wide variety of molecular systems biology scenarios. This protocol is an update to the COBRA Toolbox 1.0 and 2.0. The COBRA Toolbox 3.0 provides an unparalleled depth of constraint-based reconstruction and analysis methods.
Sensitivity based Neural Networks Explanations (2018)

Although neural networks can achieve very high predictive performance on various different tasks such as image recognition or natural language processing, they are often considered as opaque "black boxes". The difficulty of interpreting the predictions of a neural network often prevents its use in fields where explainability is important, such as the financial industry where regulators and auditors often insist on this aspect. In this paper, we present a way to assess the relative input features importance of a neural network based on the sensitivity of the model output with respect to its input. This method has the advantage of being fast to compute, it can provide both global and local levels of explanations and is applicable for many types of neural network architectures. We illustrate the performance of this method on both synthetic and real data and compare it with other interpretation techniques. This method is implemented into an open-source Python package that allows its users to easily generate and visualize explanations for their neural networks.
Chemically induced enhancement of nucleation in noble metal deposition (1983)

Organic disulfides, chemisorbed as monolayers on aluminum and silicon oxides, have been found to induce significant changes in the morphologies of thermally evaporated Au and Ag films for film thicknesses (mass average) up to 100–200 Å. Measurements of the electrical conductivities as a function of film thickness show a marked shift of the onset of conduction to lower thickness for films deposited on treated substrates compared to films on untreated substrates. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the conductivities correlate qualitatively with sample morphology. In particular, films on treated substrates show metal clusters of higher densities which connect at lower coverages than do films on untreated substrates.
Vascular prostacyclin is increased in patients ingesting omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids before coronary artery bypass graft surgery. (1990)

Interest in the antithrombotic potential of diets enriched with fish oil-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) prompted us to examine how these fatty acids, when taken preoperatively, affect hemostasis, plasma lipid levels, and production of prostacyclin (PGI2) by vascular tissues in atherosclerotic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Fifteen patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease received 3 g/day eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.3 g/day docosahexaenoic acid as capsules of purified fish oil for 28 days before surgery. Platelet aggregation induced by low concentrations of ADP, collagen, and epinephrine decreased (p less than 0.05) and serum thromboxane B2 decreased 36% (p less than 0.01) from baseline values. Bleeding times increased 40% (p less than 0.01) from baseline. Serum triglycerides decreased 50% (p less than 0.05) without a change in total serum cholesterol. Spontaneous production of PGI2 measured as 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), its stable hydrolytic product, by saphenous vein and aortic and atrial tissues obtained at surgery was greater in tissues from patients receiving omega-3 PUFA supplements than in tissues from matched controls (13.8 +/- 2.2 versus 8.6, 21.0 +/- 3.1 versus 11.5 +/- 2.1, and 166 +/- 13 versus 102 +/- 15 ng/g, respectively, all p less than 0.05). Arachidonate-stimulated production of PGI2, as indicated by increased levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, was increased. Despite changes in platelet function, bleeding time, and vascular PGI2, the perioperative blood loss was not increased in subjects receiving fish oil supplements. Thus, omega-3 PUFAs at moderate dosages may exert antithrombotic effects by increasing prostacyclin production by vessel walls as well as by direct inhibition of platelet activity.
Cellular Localization of mRNA Expression of Enzymes Involved in the Formation and Inactivation of Hormonal Steroids in the Mouse Prostate (2004)

It is well documented that several tissues, including the prostate, are actively involved in the local formation and inactivation of hormonal steroids. To identify the cell types involved in the formation and inactivation of androgens and estrogens in the ventral lobe prostate, we have localized by in situ hybridization (ISH) a large number of steroidogenic as well as steroid-inactivating enzyme mRNAs in the adult mouse prostate. In parallel studies, we also measured enzyme mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in ventral lobe prostates. From the results obtained with quantitative RT-PCR, it appears that, with a few exceptions, the enzyme with low mRNA expression could not be detected by ISH. The following enzymes have been localized by ISH: 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) types 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11; 5alpha-reductase type 2; 5beta reductase type 1; P450 7alpha hydroxylase; estrogen sulfotransferase type 1; 11beta-HSD types 1 and 2; and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6. All of these mRNAs are expressed in the epithelial cells of prostatic acini. Several enzyme mRNAs were also localized in stromal cells. Types 1, 7, and 10 17beta-HSD, estrogen sulfotransferase type 1, and 11beta-HSD types 1 and 2 were found only in epithelial cells. The present results indicate that both epithelial and stromal cells in the mouse prostate play a role in local formation and inactivation of hormonal steroids.
Secure Relay Selection with Outdated CSI in Cooperative Wireless Vehicular Networks: A DQN Approach (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Cooperative communications is a core research area in wireless vehicular networks (WVNs), thanks to its capability to mitigate fading and improve spectral efficiency. In a cooperative scenario, the performance of the system is improved by selecting the best relay for data transmission among a group of available relays. However, due to the mobility of WVNs, the best relay is often selected in practice based on outdated channel state information (CSI), which in turn affects the overall system performance. Therefore, there is a need for a robust relay selection scheme (RSS) that improves the overall achievable performance of an outdated CSI. Motivated by this and considering the advantageous features of autoregressive moving average (ARMA), in the present work we model a cooperative vehicular communication scenario with relay selection as a Markov decision process (MDP) and propose two deep Q-networks (DQNs), namely DQN-RSS and DQN-RSS-ARMA. In the proposed framework, two deep reinforcement learning (RL)-based RSS are trained based on the intercept probability, aiming to select the optimal vehicular relay from a set of multiple relays. We then compare the proposed RSS with the conventional methods and evaluate the performance of the network from the security point of view. Simulation results show that DQN-RSS and DQN-RSS-ARMA perform better than conventional approaches, and they reduce intercept probability by approximately 15\% and 30\%, respectively, compared to the ARMA approach.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Estimation of fuel flow for telematics-enabled adaptive fuel and time efficient vehicle routing (2011)

This paper reports the development of vehicle fuel flow estimation algorithms based entirely on signals available through the standard OBD-II interface. The paper also illustrates the use of the resulting fuel flow estimates for adaptation and optimization. The fuel flow estimation algorithm functionality differs depending on the powertrain type (gasoline versus diesel, naturally aspirated versus boosted, conventional versus hybrid electric, etc.). To facilitate fuel and time efficient vehicle routing, an adaptation algorithm based on the recursive least squares (Kalman filtering) is defined. This adaptation algorithm learns the expected values and the variances of fuel consumption and travel time from multiple drives of a given vehicle over a given route segment. The use of adaptation from data reduces the need for accurate predictive modeling of vehicle fuel consumption and travel time which depend on difficult to predict and incorporate into the model traffic conditions, topographical road information, weather conditions, and inherently present vehicle-to-vehicle, driver-to-driver and fuel variability. The use of the adaptive models for optimization of vehicle travel is showcased with a simple example of optimizing time of day of departure decisions for a service vehicle. Finally, the use of a large interconnected network of adaptive models for vehicle fleet operation optimization is discussed.
The Effect of Glenohumeral Fixation Angle on Deltoid Function During Superior Capsule Reconstruction: A Biomechanical Investigation (2020)

Purpose To evaluate the effect of dermal allograft fixation at different angles of glenohumeral abduction on deltoid forces during superior capsule reconstruction (SCR). Methods Fifteen cadaveric specimens were tested using a dynamic shoulder simulator. Following testing in the native state, shoulders underwent SCR in 2 of 5 possible fixation angles; 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, or 60° of glenohumeral abduction, allowing for 6 specimens per group. Angles were measured radiographically with the glenoid fixed perpendicular to the floor. Maximum mean deltoid abduction force was compared among 5 separate conditions within each angle group: (1) native shoulder, (2) complete supraspinatus (SSP) and superior capsule tear, (3) SCR alone, (4) SCR with posterior margin sutured, and (5) SCR with anterior and posterior margins sutured. Results SSP tears significantly increased the maximum deltoid forces for all 5 fixation angles compared with the native state ( P &lt; .05). Specimens repaired at 0°, 30°, and 45° were unable to restore deltoid forces compared with the native state in any condition ( P &lt; .05). SCR at 15° with anterior and posterior margin convergence showed similar abduction forces compared with the native state ( P = .19). When fixed at 60° abduction, SCR alone significantly reduced deltoid forces compared to SSP (Δ143N, P &lt; .001) and native (Δ48N, P &lt; .001). No significant differences were found between the 3 repair subtypes (SCR ± anterior/posterior margin repair) in the 60° group. Conclusions SCR with anterior and posterior margin convergence tensioned at 15° of glenohumeral abduction showed similar deltoid abduction force requirements compared with the native state, whereas graft fixation in 60° significantly reduced deltoid force in all SCR conditions. Clinical Relevance Increased graft tension with a greater abduction angle may provide greater functional outcome by placing less load on the deltoid. In contrast, graft fixation in lower abduction angles may require additional margin convergence to reproduce native forces.
Inducible NO Synthase–DependentS-Nitrosylation and Activation of Arginase1 Contribute to Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction (2007)

Endothelial function is impaired in aging because of a decrease in NO bioavailability. This may be, in part, attributable to increased arginase activity, which reciprocally regulates NO synthase (NOS) by competing for the common substrate, L-arginine. However, the high Km of arginase (>1 mmol/L) compared with NOS (2 to 20 micromol/L) seemingly makes direct competition for substrate unlikely. One of the mechanisms by which NO exerts its effects is by posttranslational modification through S-nitrosylation of protein cysteines. We tested the hypothesis that arginase1 activity is modulated by this mechanism, which serves to alter its substrate affinity, allowing competition with NOS for L-arginine. We demonstrate that arginase1 activity is altered by S-nitrosylation, both in vitro and ex vivo. Furthermore, using site-directed mutagenesis we demonstrate that 2 cysteine residues (C168 and C303) are able to undergo nitrosylation. S-Nitrosylation of C303 stabilizes the arginase1 trimer and reduces its Km value 6-fold. Finally, arginase1 nitrosylation is increased (and thus its Km decreased) in blood vessels from aging rats, likely contributing to impaired NO bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction. This is mediated by inducible NOS, which is expressed in the aging endothelium. These findings suggest that S-nitrosylated arginase1 can compete with NOS for L-arginine and contribute to endothelial dysfunction in the aging cardiovascular system.
Mechanism of Increased Fluconazole Resistance in Candida glabrata during Prophylaxis (2004)

ABSTRACT Candida glabrata can become resistant to fluconazole, causing persistent colonization and invasive infection during prolonged exposure to the drug. To determine the mechanism of resistance in this setting, weekly oropharyngeal cultures for C. glabrata were obtained over a 2-year period from hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients who were receiving fluconazole prophylaxis. In 20 patients from whom at least two isolates of the same karyotype were obtained more than two weeks apart, fluconazole MICs doubled every 31 days on average. The mechanism of fluconazole resistance in isolates from the 14 of the 20 patients studied in whom MICs changed at least fourfold was studied. Cellular resistance was accompanied by increased drug efflux as measured by decreased accumulation of fluconazole and rhodamine 6G and increased abundance of transcripts from two drug transporters, CgCDR1 and PDH1. The rapidity and regularity of the rising resistance indicated that C. glabrata is able to upregulate drug efflux without losing the ability to maintain colonization.
Program for processing of historical laboratory data based on fuzzy set theory as a tool for decision support (1989)

Abstract A computer program (FEA) is presented for processing historical laboratory data. It performs on a list of sample entries stored in a laboratory information management system. Using an algorithm which is based on fuzzy set theory, FEA classifies the entries into a limited number of clusters called sample types. The classification is fully user‐defined. The program transforms the historical data into a representation which is more suitable for studying the performance of the laboratory or which can be used as preparation for a simulation project.
Sulfur Speciation in Different Kerogens by XANES Spectroscopy (2005)

X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) methodology has been employed to quantify the different sulfur structures present in three Type I and three Type II kerogens. Kerogens from the Green River (3), Bakken (1), Woodford (1), and Indiana limestone (1) formations were studied. Both aliphatic (sulfide) and aromatic (thiophene) forms of sulfur exist in all these kerogen samples. Except for Woodford, all of the kerogens contain oxidized functional groups. Sulfur in Types I and II kerogens mimics the carbon chemistry in that the sulfur structures are more aromatic in Type II than in Type I. It was impossible to differentiate elemental sulfur from pyrite in these samples by using K-edge XANES.
Using humans as sensors in robotic search (2009)

Abstract—The human role in sophisticated information gathering systems is usually conceived to be that of the consumer. Human sensory and perceptual capabilities, however, outstrip our abilities to process information by a substantial amount. The use of human operators as “perceptual sensors ” is standard practice for both UAVs and ground robotics where humans are called upon to “process ” camera video to find targets and assist in navigation. In this paper we illustrate the human role as sensor referencing results of an earlier experiment investigating human performance of operator, navigator, or “perceptual sensor”tasks for teams of 4, 8, and 12 simulated pioneer P3AT robots. The experiment shows humans to be resource limited for the navigation/control task as the number of robots increases while the perceptual sensor function was less affected. We discuss the implications of using humans in a “perceptual sensor ” role for information gathering from robotic teams and some of the difficulties including shifts in context and difficulties in developing situation awareness that are likely to arise.
Retinal function of the diabetic retina after argon laser photocoagulation assessed electroretinographically. (1985)

Electroretinographic (ERG) responses were measured in diabetic patients before, during, and after panretinal photocoagulation treatment with argon laser. The laser applications reduced considerably the amplitudes of the a and b waves of the ERG. Moreover, the relationship between the amplitude of the b wave and that of the a wave was severely affected, resulting in ERG responses of abnormal pattern. The b waves were smaller than expected from the a waves. These findings indicated that the photocoagulation treatment not only destroyed the retinal areas directly illuminated by the laser beam, but also affected the functional integrity of adjacent areas. These additional effects resulted in subnormal signal transmission from the photoreceptors to the proximal retina.
Synthesis of 5‐(2,3‐ditritiopropoxy)‐3‐(1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyrid‐4‐yl)indole ([3H]CP‐96,501): A selective ligand for the serotonin (5‐HT1B) receptor (1991)

Abstract The synthesis of [ 3 H]CP‐96,501 [5‐(2,3‐ditritiopropoxy)‐3‐(1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyrid‐4‐yl)indole], a selective radioligand for the serotonin (5‐HT 1B ) receptor and analog of RU‐24,969, is described. 5‐Hydroxyindole is converted in two steps to 5‐(2‐propenyloxy)‐3‐(N‐ t ‐butoxycarbonyl‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyrid‐4‐yl)indole ( 3 ). Hydrogena‐tion or tritiation of 3 followed by removal of the t ‐butoxycarbonyl protecting group afforded CP‐96,501 ( 1a ) and [ 3 H] CP‐96,501 ( 1b ), respectively.