gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Micellar Solution Properties of Binary Surfactant Mixtures (1998)

The widespread use of surfactant mixtures in practical surfactant applications motivates the need for a comprehensive predictive theory that will improve our fundamental understanding of the behavior of these complex systems and facilitate the design and optimization of new surfactant mixtures. With this in mind, we have combined a molecular model of mixed micellization with a thermodynamic framework to predict a broad spectrum of solution properties of mixed surfactant systems. The molecular model accounts for micellar mixing nonidealities resulting from electrostatic and steric interactions between the surfactant hydrophilic heads and from packing of surfactant hydrophobic tails of unequal lengths in the micellar core. In particular, we describe in detail a rigorous treatment of electrostatic interactions that enables the theory to quantitatively predict properties for binary mixtures containing nonionic, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surfactants, including the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the mixture; the β interaction parameter; the micelle and monomer compositions; the monomer concentration; and the micelle shape, size, and size distribution. The inputs to the theory are the pure surfactant chemical structures and the solution conditions, including the total surfactant concentration and composition, the temperature, and the type and concentration of added salt. We compare theoretical predictions to experimental measurements of mixture cmc values, micelle compositions, and micelle aggregation numbers for anionic/nonionic, cationic/cationic, anionic/cationic, and ionic/zwitterionic surfactant mixtures, and analyze the results in terms of the various free-energy contributions to mixed micellization. We also correlate synergism in fundamental predicted properties to experimentally measured synergism in practical surfactant performance characteristics such as dishwashing, soil removal, and emulsification.
Medical Imaging and Modelling Using a MasPar. (1993)

Citrus fruit peel comprises a pleasant mix of volatile compounds together with fibers, nutrients, and bioactive compounds. Therefore, it has great potential for use as a food ingredient. Studies evaluating the volatile composition of citrus peel flours are limited for most citruses. The goal of this study was to characterize, by HS-SPME/GC-MS, the volatile profile of citrus peel flours made from fruits commonly grown in Brazil. Two composite samples of ten types of citrus peel flours from consecutive harvests were evaluated. 69 volatile compounds were assigned, 49 in Tahiti acid lime, 49 in Sicilian lemon, 37 in Persian lime, 34 in Italian tangerine and oval kumquat, 33 in Valencia orange, 32 in Baia orange and round kumquat, 28 in Blood-of-Mombuca orange and 26 in Lima orange. 26 major compounds represented 93-99% of the total chromatogram peak area. Terpenic compounds were predominant in all samples, especially monoterpenes (about 48-97% of the total chromatogram peak area), while lower proportions of aldehydes (0.2-16.1%), monoterpene alcohols (0.4-11.8%) and esters (0.0-7.7%) were observed. Even though a few compounds like limonene, β-myrcene, linalool, α-pinene and valencene were detected in all citrus, volatile compounds followed specific patterns in the different citruses, with a clear distinction among them, especially between lemon flours and the remaining flours. The variety of volatile profiles and singular specific volatolomic signatures in citrus peels can be explored for different applications related to food flavoring and preservation, and promotion of good health. These aspects should be thoroughly investigated in future studies.
Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Special Section on Data-Driven IoT for Smart Cities (2020)

The papers in this special section focus on data-driven Internet of Things (IoT) for smart cities. Developing smart cities to better support the growing urban population is a global and complex challenge and involves interdisciplinary fields. Instead of the traditional Internet of Contents in human-to-human and human-to-machine communications, the Internet of Things with communications among massive numbers of sensors will dominate the network traffic. Every day, these smart things generate a massive amount of data in the magnitude of ZettaBytes. Due to inherent characteristics of geo-distribution in big data generated by networked sensors deployed for IoT applications, the “smartness” of infrastructure in future cities requires intelligent data sensing and mining for monitoring and actuation to ensure infrastructure reliability and public safety.
Prostaglandin E receptor EP4 antagonist suppresses osteolysis due to bone metastasis of mouse malignant melanoma cells (2007)

We examined the effects of prostaglandin E (PGE) receptor subtype EP4 antagonist on bone metastasis of cancer to clarify PGE's role in bone metastasis. Metastatic regions were detected in femurs accompanying severe bone loss in mice injected with B16 malignant melanoma cells. Administration of EP4 antagonist restored the bone loss induced by B16 melanoma. Adding B16 cells induced osteoclast formation in the coculture of bone marrow cells and osteoblasts without any exogenous bone-resorbing factor, and EP4 antagonist completely suppressed the osteoclast formation induced by B16 cells. Therefore, EP4 antagonist is a possible candidate for the therapy of bone metastasis of cancer.
Statistical Evaluation of Process Damage Using an Arrayed Test Pattern in a Large Number of MOSFETs (2010)

Evaluating the statistical variations of MOSFETs is important for realizing accurate analog circuits and large-scale-integration devices. A new evaluation method for the statistical variation of the electrical characteristics of MOSFETs is presented. We have developed a test circuit for understanding the statistical and local variations of MOSFETs in a very short time. We demonstrate that the electrical characteristics in more than one million MOSFETs, such as the threshold voltage and the subthreshold swing (S-Factor), are measured in 30 min and that the measured results are very efficient in developing the fabrication process, the process equipment, and the device structure to reduce the statistical and local characteristic variation.
I. THE CLEAVAGE OF FIBRINOGEN BY LEUKOCYTE PROTEASES AT PHYSIOLOGIC pH (1975)

A B S T R A C T An alternative fibrinolytic system, active at physiological pH, is present in peripheral blood leukocytes. The fibrinolytic proteases localized predominantly in the leukocyte granules are capable of degrading both fibrinogen and fibrin, and plasmin activity does not contribute significantly to this proteolytic event. The specificity of the alternative fibrinolytic proteases for fibrinogen and the characteristics of the derivative cleavage fragments are clearly distinguishable from the classical plasmin system. The high molecular weight derivatives of fibrinogen, generated by the alternative
Molecular dynamics study of transport coefficients for hard-chain fluids (1995)

Equilibrium molecular dynamics is used to simulate fluids containing molecules modeled as chains of tangent hard spheres. A partially vectorized, efficient algorithm based on the Rapaport method has been designed that allows for very long simulation times and permits calculation of transport coefficients for short chain fluids at liquid-like densities. The self-diffusion coefficient, shear and longitudinal viscosities, and thermal conductivity are calculated for chains of length 2, 4, 8, and 16 at volume fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 using a mean-square displacement approach. Results from the velocity autocorrelation functions provide information about chain motion in the bulk phase. Transport properties for the hard-sphere fluid have also been calculated for systems of 512 particles. Results for chain fluids are compared to results for hard-spheres and to the corresponding Enskog theory.
Anomalous magnetization dynamics near the spin-reorientation transition temperature in ε-In0.24Fe1.76O3 nanowires (2015)

It is found that increasing the frequency of an alternating magnetic field leads to an anomalous shift in the temperature maximum of the dynamic magnetic susceptibility in ε-In0.24Fe1.76O3 nanowires in a direction opposite to theoretical predictions for thermally activated processes. This unusual effect can be explained in terms of a redistribution of the contributions to the dynamic magnetic susceptibility from the high- and low-temperature phases, each of which is described by a cluster glass model. The contributions of these phases to the electron spin resonance spectra are identified.
Characterization of the 5 GHz Wireless Channel for Small Airport Surface Areas (2006)

This paper presents measured results and empirical wireless channel models for small airport surface environments at 5 GHz. The measurements were conducted at three general aviation (GA) airports: Burke Lakefront Airport (Cleveland), Tamiami (Miami), and Ohio University Airport. The transmitter was fixed either atop the air traffic control tower or on a building roof, and the receiver moved around the terminal and runway areas. For initial modeling purposes, we parsed the measurement locations geographically into line of sight-open (LOSO) areas, line of sight (LOS-2) and non line of sight-specular (NLOS-S) regions. Delay spread estimates - minimum, root mean square (rms), and maximum - are provided, along with the statistical distribution of the rms delay spread. Maximum delay spread values of 2 microseconds were obtained in some locations. Example plots for channel transfer functions and frequency correlation estimates yield estimates of coherence bandwidths. An example tapped delay line channel model, along with statistical tap amplitude distributions, is also provided, along with example tap correlation coefficients.
Preface to the Focus Issue on Novel Applications of Luminescent Optical Materials (2015)

This focus issue of the ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology (JSS) complements our previous focus issue (JSS, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2013) in that the current issue provides a comprehensive picture of the progress in the area of luminescent materials and processes. This volume contains both review and research articles. The aim of the review articles has been to acquaint the readership with current state-of-the art research and development in luminescent and optical materials. We hope that they will serve as reference materials for researchers and graduate students entering this challenging area. We have expanded the scope of this issue to include topics on biological applications of luminescent materials, recent advances in organic light-emitting devices (OLED), scintillators, nano-phosphors, and quantum dots in addition to phosphors for solid state lighting and display applications. In view of the rapid advancements in the area of novel phosphor systems for solid state lighting, we have explored not only the material issues but also the current status of theory of luminescence processes. Emphasis has been on transition metal and rare earth ions to demonstrate recent advancements in theory to predict or describe the excited state processes, including non-radiative transitions in luminescent materials. The scope of future research in the area of novel phosphors for application in III-V LEDs for general lighting has been delineated. Another area of research which is dealt with extensively in this issue pertains to the current status of OLED research activities. Novel
Controlled Mud-Cap Drilling for Subsea Applications: Well-Control Challenges in Deep Waters (2006)

Summary This paper describes a new drilling-riser concept and drilling methodology for deepwater operations that will remove some of the well-control challenges and limitations currently experienced when handling kicks and deep gas influxes in deepwater regions, with the following results: Providing improved and more flexible well-control procedures. Reducing the potential of hydrate plug formation during well-control operations. Allowing for drilling longer hole sections than normally considered feasible when using conventional drilling methods, thus reducing the number of casing strings required in the well. Allowing for improved drilling performance in depleted formations. The main elements in the system are based on using a small, high-pressure drilling riser [14-in. outer diameter (OD), 12.5-in. inner diameter (ID)] with a split surface/subsea blowout preventer (BOP) and a subsea mud-lift pump connected to the drilling riser and a separate mud-return line. During drilling and well-control operations, the mud level in the riser is maintained considerably below sea level to create a mud/air interface (i.e., a &amp;quot;mud cap??) that can be continuously adjusted up or down by the mud-lift pumping system. As a consequence, the bottomhole hydrostatic pressure will be controlled. One of the main purposes of this system is to mitigate the inherent problems with a conventional 21-in.-OD marine drilling riser during well-control scenarios in deepwater operations. The system will compensate for frictional pressures resulting from circulation and adjust the bottomhole pressure (BHP) accordingly.
Accelerating Estimation of a Multi-Input Multi-Output Model of the Hippocampus with a Parallel Computing Strategy (2020)

To build hippocampal memory prosthesis for restoring memory functions, we previously developed and implemented a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear dynamic model of the hippocampus. This model can successfully predict hippocampal output spike activities based on input spike activities, and thus be used to drive microstimulation to bypass the damaged hippocampal region. Building such a MIMO model involves estimations of a large number of model coefficients, which typically takes hundreds of hours using a single personal computer. In practice, however, due to the requirement of medical care and clinical trials, the modeling processes must be completed within 72 hours after the recording, so that models can be used to drive stimulations. To solve this problem, we utilized a parallelization strategy to divide the whole MIMO model computation involving iterative estimation and optimization into independent computing tasks that can be performed simultaneously in multiple computer nodes. Such a strategy was implemented on the high-performance computing cluster at the University of Southern California. It reduced the model estimation time to tens of hours and thus allowed us to complete the modeling process within the required time frame to further test model-driven electrical stimulation for the hippocampal memory prosthesis.
Reprogrammable redundancy for cache V<inf>min</inf> reduction in a 28nm RISC-V processor (2016)

The presented processor lowers SRAM-based cache V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> by using three architectural techniques-bit bypass (BB), dynamic column redundancy (DCR), and line disable (LD)-that use low-overhead reprogrammable redundancy (RR) to avoid failing bitcells and therefore increase the maximum bitcell failure rate in processor caches. In the 28nm chip, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> of the 1MB L2 cache is reduced by 25%, resulting in a 49% power reduction with a 2% area overhead and minimal timing overhead.
Research Development Kit Enabling Expanded Spinal Cord Stimulation Research (2019)

Neurostimulation is used to treat a variety of neurological diseases. Historically, these implantable neurostimulator systems have relied on providing therapeutic benefit to patients using tonic, or open-loop, stimulation. In this paper, we review the state of the art in current spinal cord stimulation therapy to identify the needs of the field for a new tool to enable new research. We then present an overview of the design and capabilities of the Nexus-I Research Development Kit for investigational human-use research activities for patients who have been implanted with the Model 97715 Intellis neurostimulator.
Fabry-Perot laser high linearity analog optical links (2002)

High dynamic range analog optical links are demonstrated using a variety of Fabry-Perot lasers, including commercial and custom devices. All of the devices demonstrate a dynamic range and noise figure close to that of an analog DFB laser for short (<2 km) links. The best devices have performance which rivals that of a typical DFB laser.
Coiled structure of eccentric coaxial nanocable made of amorphous boron and silicon oxide (2000)

Exotic nanocable with coiled structure has been found in soot obtained by a reactive laser ablation as a byproduct of the formerly reported coaxial nanocables [Y. Zhang, K. Suenaga, C. Colliex, and S. Iijima, Science 281, 973 (1998)]. Electron energy-loss spectroscopic imaging has revealed the coaxial structure made of amorphous boron and silicon dioxide with amorphous carbon sheath. We infer that the coiled structure is attributed to a difference in the growth rate between amorphous boron and silicon dioxide that are found to comprise eccentric coaxial nanocable.
Computational modeling of process induced damage during plasma clean (2006)

When partially completed circuits come in contact with plasmas during integrated circuit fabrication, current from the plasma can potentially damage active devices on the wafer. A suite of computational models is used in this article to investigate damage to ultrathin (1.0–5.5nm) transistor gate dielectric (SiO2) during Ar∕O2 based plasma cleaning in a capacitively coupled plasma reactor. This modeling infrastructure includes a two-dimensional plasma equipment model for relating process control parameters to ion and electron currents, a three-dimensional model for flux density calculation within a circular via, an electrostatic model for computing potential across the gate dielectric, and a percolation model to investigate dielectric damage characteristics. Computational results show that when the plasma current comes in contact with the gate dielectric, the gate dielectric rapidly charges up and the potential difference across the dielectric saturates at the level necessary to support the plasma induced current. The steady-state voltage across the dielectric determines the propensity of irreversible damage that can occur under this electrical stress. Gate dielectric damage was found to be most sensitively linked to dielectric thickness. As thin dielectrics (&amp;lt;2.0nm) are leaky, direct tunneling current flow ensures that the potential drop across the gate dielectric remains small. As a consequence, the dielectric is able to withstand the plasma current and the probability of damage is small. However, for thicker dielectrics where Fowler-Nordheim tunneling is dominant, a large voltage builds up across the gate dielectric due to the plasma induced current. The probability of thicker dielectrics getting damaged during the plasma process is therefore high. For given plasma conditions and gate dielectric thickness, current collection area (i.e., antenna size) determines the voltage buildup across the gate dielectric. Damage probability increases with the size of the antenna connected to the transistor gate electrode. Via aspect ratio and plasma process condition variations (around a given set of process conditions) have a relatively smaller effect on plasma induced device damage.
A flexible microfluidic processor for molecular biology: application to microarray sample preparation (2011)

We describe a programmable microfluidic system with onboard pumps and valves that has the ability to process reaction volumes in the sub-microlitre to hundred microlitre range. The flexibility of the architecture is demonstrated with a commercial molecular biology protocol for mRNA amplification, implemented without significant modification. The performance of the microchip system is compared to conventional bench processing at each stage of the multistep protocol, and DNA microarrays are used to assess the quality and performance of bench- and microchip-amplified RNA. The results show that the microchip system reactions are similar to bench control reactions at each step, and that the microchip- and bench-derived amplified RNAs are virtually indistinguishable in differential microarray analyses.
Trading Accuracy for Numerical Stability: Orthogonalization,\n Biorthogonalization and Regularization (2015)

This paper presents two novel regularization methods motivated in part by the\ngeometric significance of biorthogonal bases in signal processing applications.\nThese methods, in particular, draw upon the structural relevance of\northogonality and biorthogonality principles and are presented from the\nperspectives of signal processing, convex programming, continuation methods and\nnonlinear projection operators. Each method is specifically endowed with either\na homotopy or tuning parameter to facilitate tradeoff analysis between accuracy\nand numerical stability. An example involving a basis comprised of real\nexponential signals illustrates the utility of the proposed methods on an\nill-conditioned inverse problem and the results are compared to standard\nregularization techniques from the signal processing literature.\n
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Agonists Are Involved in Mediating Neutrophil Accumulation in the Inflamed, But Not Normal, Cutaneous Microvasculature: An In Vivo Study Using Neurokinin-1 Receptor Knockout Mice (2000)

We have used tachykinin neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1 receptor) knockout mice to learn of the link between NK1 receptors and neutrophil accumulation in normal naive skin, as compared with inflamed skin. Intradermal substance P (300 pmol) induced edema formation in wild-type mice, but not in NK1 knockout mice, as expected. However, in contrast to IL-1beta (0.3 pmol), substance P did not induce neutrophil accumulation in wild-type mice. IL-1beta-induced neutrophil accumulation was similar in wild-type and knockout mice, but a significant (p < 0.05) contributory effect of added NK1 agonists, which by themselves have no effect on neutrophil accumulation in normal skin, was observed. The results support the concept that NK1 agonists such as substance P cannot act on their own to mediate neutrophil accumulation in naive skin and provide direct evidence that in inflamed skin, under certain circumstances, the NK1 receptor can play a pivotal role in modulating neutrophil accumulation during the ongoing inflammatory process. We investigated responses to two inflammatory stimuli (carrageenin and zymosan). Neutrophil accumulation was significantly attenuated (p < 0.001) in carrageenin- but not zymosan-induced inflammation in NK1 knockout mice. The carrageenin (500 microg)-induced response was inhibited (p < 0.05) by a NK1 receptor antagonist, SR140333 (480 nmol/kg i.v. at -5 min), in the wild-type group. The bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists (desArg9[Leu8]bradykinin and HOE 140) each reduced neutrophil accumulation to carrageenin in wild-type animals (p < 0.05), but did not cause further reduction of the suppressed response of knockout mice. The results provide evidence that kinin receptors participate in NK1 receptor-dependent neutrophil accumulation in inflamed mouse skin.
Software Design Description for the Advanced Circulation Model for Shelves, Coastal Seas, and Estuaries (ADCIRC) (2001)

Abstract : The purpose of this Software Design Description (SDD) is to describe the software design and code of the Advanced Circulation Model for Shelves, Coastal Seas, and Estuaries (ADClRC) The structure of the code is outlined using flow charts with details of the input and output files included. Detailed descriptions of the programs, subprograms, and common blocks are provided. Information regarding specification of input files and the implementation of the setup code are also included. Specifics on the model theory and a detailed user manual with advice on parameter selection are referenced.