gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold Tris(carboxyphenyl)corroles as Multifunctional Materials: Room Temperature Near-IR Phosphorescence and Applications to Photodynamic Therapy and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2016)

Two amphiphilic corroles-5,10,15-tris(3-carboxyphenyl)corrole (H3[mTCPC]) and 5,10,15-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)corrole (H3[pTCPC])-and their gold complexes have been synthesized, and their photophysical properties and photovoltaic behavior have been investigated. Like other nonpolar gold corroles, Au[mTCPC] and Au[pTCPC] were both found to exhibit room temperature phosphorescence in deoxygenated solutions with quantum yields of ∼0.3% and triplet lifetimes of ∼75 μs. Both compounds exhibited significant activity as dyes in photodynamic therapy experiments and in dye-sensitized solar cells. Upon irradiation at 435 nm, both Au corroles exhibited significant phototoxicity against AY27 rat bladder cancer cells while the free-base corroles proved inactive. Dye-sensitized solar cells constructed using the free bases H3[mTCPC] and H3[pTCPC] exhibited low efficiencies (≪1%), well under that obtained with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, H2[pTCPP] (1.9%, cf. N719 9.5%). Likewise, Au[pTCPC] proved inefficient, with an efficiency of ∼0.2%. By contrast, Au[mTCPC] proved remarkably effective, exhibiting an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.56 V, a short-circuit current of 8.7 mA cm(-2), a fill factor of 0.72, and an efficiency of 3.5%.
Identification of novel DNA-damage tolerance genes reveals regulation of translesion DNA synthesis by nucleophosmin (2014)

Cells cope with replication-blocking lesions via translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). TLS is carried out by low-fidelity DNA polymerases that replicate across lesions, thereby preventing genome instability at the cost of increased point mutations. Here we perform a two-stage siRNA-based functional screen for mammalian TLS genes and identify 17 validated TLS genes. One of the genes, NPM1, is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We show that NPM1 (nucleophosmin) regulates TLS via interaction with the catalytic core of DNA polymerase-η (polη), and that NPM1 deficiency causes a TLS defect due to proteasomal degradation of polη. Moreover, the prevalent NPM1c+ mutation that causes NPM1 mislocalization in ~30% of AML patients results in excessive degradation of polη. These results establish the role of NPM1 as a key TLS regulator, and suggest a mechanism for the better prognosis of AML patients carrying mutations in NPM1.
Manipulating Machine Learning: Poisoning Attacks and Countermeasures for Regression Learning (2018)

As machine learning becomes widely used for automated decisions, attackers have strong incentives to manipulate the results and models generated by machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we perform the first systematic study of poisoning attacks and their countermeasures for linear regression models. In poisoning attacks, attackers deliberately influence the training data to manipulate the results of a predictive model. We propose a theoretically-grounded optimization framework specifically designed for linear regression and demonstrate its effectiveness on a range of datasets and models. We also introduce a fast statistical attack that requires limited knowledge of the training process. Finally, we design a new principled defense method that is highly resilient against all poisoning attacks. We provide formal guarantees about its convergence and an upper bound on the effect of poisoning attacks when the defense is deployed. We evaluate extensively our attacks and defenses on three realistic datasets from health care, loan assessment, and real estate domains.
A Multi-Contrast, Multi-Resolution Phantom for Radionuclide Imaging Using a Single Activity Concentration Fill (2014)

The goal of the work is to design and prototype radionuclide phantom inserts constructed using a machinable porous material of water-like attenuation. The porous material enables multiple activity concentration `contrasts' while using a single concentration phantom fill. Further, features of multiple sizes are present within each of the contrasts. Available resolution phantoms for radionuclide imaging only allow for a single high-contrast measurement (1:0) and do not mimic typical patient imaging conditions that include a background activity. A hot rod phantom pattern was made using two porous materials and imaged alongside a non-porous equivalent inside a uniform cylinder. The phantom with inserts was imaged using [18F]-FDG on a PET/CT system. Using geometrically-defined image masks, mean values for the hot rod features and between-rod spaces were derived and the contrast recovery ratios compared for the non-porous and porous inserts. One of the prototype materials (EXP-1826) demonstrated reduced feature contrast ( ~ 40%) between the rods and the background. This material, with hydrophilic treatment, became fully saturated during phantom filling-simplifying the imaging process. Measurements of the rod contrast recovery in the various phantom sections demonstrated the phantom's utility for comparing and potentially optimizing image reconstruction parameter settings under varying imaging conditions at reduced contrast.
A new design of ion storage accelerator for time-of-flight-MS (1995)

A new Time-of-Flight MS for orthogonal extraction has been constructed. It consists of a API-source, the orthogonal extraction optic and a single stage reflectron as well as a detector with two MCP`s in Chevron-arrangement. The extraction optic has a new design in respect to the prevention of disturbing fields. Such fields take influence on the primary beam during accumulation made and causes noise as well as broadening of mass peaks. This fields arises from the penetration of field through the grid between the two stages of the extraction optic. In this construction, this penetration is compensated by the introduction of an additional electrode which is held at the average virtual potential of the separation grid. By adjusting all electrical parameters of the mass spectrometer (extraction-pulser, backplane of reflector, focussing optics) the peakwidth had been optimized. It has been shown the peakwidth strongly depends on the potential of the compensation electrode. The optimal value corresponds in good agreement with the calculated value (1.7V instead of 1.56V). In the case of Gramicidin S (m=1140) a resolving power of 2000 is achieved.
Investigation of V/III ratio dependencies for optimizing AlN growth during reduced parasitic reaction in metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2023)

AlGaN-based ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are expected to have various applications, including sensing and printing, and light with ultraviolet-C (UVC) wavelengths has a virus inactivation effect. The metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method has been used to fabricate LED devices with film control and impurity doping. However, to achieve high luminous efficiency, highly crystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) must be grown in the underlying layer. Although high temperatures are required to grow high-quality AlN for strong migration at the surface, there is a trade-off in the high temperature promoting parasitic reactions. These parasitic reactions are more dominant at a high V/III ratio with more raw material in the case of using the conventional MOVPE. Here, we used jet stream gas flow MOVPE to investigate the effect of V/III ratio dependencies in optimizing AlN growth and without affecting parasitic reaction conditions. As a result, trends of typical AlN crystal growth at V/III-ratio dependencies were obtained. AlN is more stable at a higher V/III ratio of 1000, exhibiting a double atomic step surface, and the crystal orientation is further improved at 1700 °C compared to that at a lower V/III ratio.
Stochastic Knock Detection, Control, Software Integration, and Evaluation on a V6 Spark-Ignition Engine under Steady-State Operation (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The ability to operate a spark-ignition (SI) engine near the knock limit provides a net reduction of engine fuel consumption. This work presents a real-time knock control system based on stochastic knock detection (SKD) algorithm. The real-time stochastic knock control (SKC) system is developed in MATLAB Simulink, and the SKC software is integrated with the production engine control strategy through ATI's No-Hooks. The SKC system collects the stochastic knock information and estimates the knock level based on the distribution of knock intensities fitting to a log-normal (LN) distribution. A desired knock level reference table is created under various engine speeds and loads, which allows the SKC to adapt to changing engine operating conditions. In SKC system, knock factor (KF) is an indicator of the knock intensity level. The KF is estimated by a weighted discrete FIR filter in real-time. Both offline simulation and engine dynamometer test results show that stochastic knock control with fixed length of finite impulse response (FIR) filter has slow and excessive retard issue when a significant knock event happens. To enhance the knock control response, an integrated feed-forward and feedback knock control strategy is employed. For the heavy knock events, a combination of gain scheduling and a fast retard is applied based on the detected KF. In addition, a variable length FIR filter is used to reduce the number of combustion cycles for KF estimation. The performance of the developed knock detection and control system is evaluated on a V6 3.5L turbocharged engine on a dynamometer test stand.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Persistent dropping (2003)

Flash crowd events (FCEs) present a real threat to the stability of routers and end-servers. Such events are characterized by a large and sustained spike in client arrival rates, usually to the point of service failure. Traditional rate-based drop policies, such as Random Early Drop (RED), become ineffective in such situations since clients tend to be persistent, in the sense that they make multiple retransmission attempts before aborting their connection. As it is built into TCP's congestion control, this persistence is very widespread, making it a major stumbling block to providing responsive aggregate traffic controls. This paper focuses on analyzing and building a coherent model of the effects of client persistence on the controllability of aggregate traffic. Based on this model, we propose a new drop strategy called persistent dropping to regulate the arrival of SYN packets and achieves three important goals: (1) it allows routers and end-servers to quickly converge to their control targets without sacrificing fairness, (2) it minimizes the portion of client delay that is attributed to the applied controls, and (3) it is both easily implementable and computationally tractable. Using a real implementation of this controller in the Linux kernel, we demonstrate its efficacy, up to 60% delay reduction for drop probabilities less than 0.5.
Structural Characterization of BAX 855, a PEGylated Recombinant FVIII (2011)

Abstract Abstract 4356 Baxter and Nektar have developed a longer acting recombinant FVIII (BAX 855), which is manufactured by coupling stable PEG using Nektar technology to Baxter’s full-length rFVIII bulk drug substance from the protein-free ADVATE™ manufacturing process. BAX 855 was characterized by a number of analytical methods, focusing on the elucidation of the primary structure, posttranslational modifications, PEGylation site distribution and three-dimensional structure. The primary structure of BAX 855 was investigated using a peptide mapping approach. Samples were digested with trypsin and the resulting peptides were separated by reversed phase chromatography and detected with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This approach resulted in a sequence coverage of 94% with good consistency demonstrated between different BAX 855 batches. Protein-bound oligosaccharides were determined by normal phase HPLC of fluorescence labeled N-glycans released by PNGase F treatment. The composition of the N-linked oligosaccharides showed a similar pattern between BAX 855 and unmodified rFVIII, confirming that the N-glycosylation pattern remained intact during the PEGylation process. PEGylation site distribution and detailed analysis of the consistency of PEGylation was investigated by activating BAX 855 with thrombin. The resulting PEGylated and non-PEGylated fragments were separated using a RP-HPLC approach and the bound PEG was measured for each thrombin fragment. The distribution of PEG among the different thrombin fragments of rFVIII was shown to be consistent between several BAX 855 batches. Moreover, RP-HPLC of native BAX 855 showed reproducible subunit composition and PEGylation. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of BAX 855 revealed changes in the electrophoretic pattern due to PEGylation without the appearance of any relevant degradation products. The random PEGylation of rFVIII was shown using antibodies with different epitope specificities. Dynamic light scattering and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to monitor the consistency of three dimensional structures. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of BAX 855 was between 30 and 40 nm, which is a characteristic size for a ∼300-kDa protein. Several BAX 855 batches showed almost overlapping FTIR absorbance spectra, especially in the conformationally susceptible amide I and amide II peak at 1650 and 1550 cm−1, respectively, indicative for good consistency of the manufacturing process. In summary, BAX 855, a PEGylated rFVIII derivative, can be manufactured reproducibly without changes to the protein structure characteristic for a fully functional FVIII molecule. Disclosures: Kaliwoda: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Graninger:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Matthiessen:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Schrenk:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Turecek:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Mitterer:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment.
ChemInform Abstract: Brasilinolide A, New Immunosuppressive Macrolide from Actinomycete Nocardia brasiliensis (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Amino acid modulation of renal phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the rat. (1980)

The hypothesis that amino acids act as modifiers of phospholipid biosynthesis was tested in renal cortical cells from normal rats. The rate of [14C]-choline incorporation into phospholipid in cortical slices was enhanced by the addition of lysine or arginine to the incubation medium, and reduced by phenylalanine, aspartic acid, or four other amino acids. Lysine and aspartic acid appeared to modify the cholinephosphotransferase reaction in which cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) and 1,2-diacylglycerol react to form phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid of renal membranes. Since this enzymatic reaction takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum, the effect of single amino acids on microsomal preparations was examined. Lysine increased CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity by 95%, whereas aspartic acid reduced activity by 65%, in a concentration-dependent manner. For both substrates in the reaction, amino acids modulated enzyme activity by altering the maximum velocity without changing the apparent Km. These observations in intact renal cells and in microsomal preparations indicate that changes in cellular amino acid concentrations could modify the biosynthetic rate of phosphatidylcholine, and suggest a mechanism that could coordinate the biosynthesis of phospholipid and protein.
Flux and torque decoupling control for field-weakened operation of field-oriented induction machines (1990)

One of the primary advantages of field-oriented induction machines for high-performance applications is the capability for easy field weakening and thus full utilization of the voltage and current ratings of the invertor to obtain a wide dynamic speed range. This attribute has not been widely developed, however, because of the difficulty in actually knowing the flux magnitude and the effective rotor time constant at each operating point as needed for indirect field-oriented controllers. A straightforward approach is presented for estimating and fully decoupling the rotor flux and rotor time constant terms in indirect field-oriented controllers. This approach is based on a combination of both the intrinsic magnetic linearity of the field-weakened machine and the fully decoupled stator current and voltage equations which result from the use of delta-modulator current regulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Salience in orientation-filter response measured as suspicious coincidence in natural images (2006)

Visual cortex neurons have receptive fields resembling oriented bandpass filters, and their response distributions on natural images are non-Gaussian. Inspired by this, we previously showed that comparing the response distribution to normal distribution with the same variance gives a good thresholding criterion for detecting salient levels of edginess in images. However, (1) the results were based on comparison with human data, thus, an objective, quantitative performance measure was not taken. Furthermore, (2) why a normal distribution would serve as a good baseline was not investigated in full. In this paper, we first conduct a quantitative analysis of the normal-distribution baseline, using artificial images that closely mimic the statistics of natural images. Since in these artificial images, we can control and obtain the exact saliency information, the performance of the thresholding algorithm can be measured objectively. We then interpret the issue of the normal distribution being an effective baseline for thresholding, under the general concept of suspicious coincidence proposed by Barlow. It turns out that salience defined our way can be understood as a deviation from the unsuspicious baseline. Our results show that the response distribution on white-noise images (where there is no structure, thus zero salience and nothing suspicious) has a near-Gaussian distribution. We then show that the response threshold directly calculated from the response distribution to white-noise images closely matches that of humans, providing further support for the analysis. In sum, our results and analysis show an intimate relationship among subjective perceptual measure of salience, objective measures of salience using normal distributions as a baseline, and the theory of suspicious coincidence.
Growing High-Performance Tunneling Oxide by CF[sub 4] Plasma Pretreatment (2002)

Thin tunneling oxides grown on a pretreated silicon substrate were prepared and investigated for the first time. The tunneling current of the -treated oxide is about three orders of magnitude higher than that of thermal oxide; furthermore, the stress-induced anomalous current and low electric field leakage current were greatly suppressed. The improvement was attributed to the incorporation of fluorine in the oxide region. Both control and -treated devices exhibited comparable channel mobility. However, pretreatment with markedly improved the reliability of the insulator. This oxide is highly promising for fabricating low-voltage electrically erasable and programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs) without increasing the complexity of the process. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
2.5Gbps transmission over 50km with a 1.3µm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (2001)

We demonstrate error-free 50km transmission at 2.5Gbps over standard single-mode fiber using an optically pumped 1.3µm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser operating at 25°C. No optical isolator or amplification was used in the transmission demonstration.
Coupling Reactions of Terminal Two‐Faced π Ligands and Related Cleavage Reactions (1992)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Coupling Reactions Physical and Theoretical Studies A Model for the Ligand Coupling and Cleavage Steps Related Reactions of Mononuclear and Polynuclear Metal Complexes Reactions of Ligand Coupling Products Conclusion and Outlook
Development of a novel ultrasonic temperature probe for long-term monitoring of dry cask storage systems (2013)

With the recent cancellation of the Yucca Mountain repository and the limited availability of wet storage utilities for spent nuclear fuel (SNF), more attention has been directed toward dry cask storage systems (DCSSs) for long-term storage of SNF. Consequently, more stringent guidelines have been issued for the aging management of dry storage facilities that necessitate monitoring of the conditions of DCSSs. Continuous health monitoring of DCSSs based on temperature variations is one viable method for assessing the integrity of the system. In the present work, a novel ultrasonic temperature probe (UTP) is being tested for long-term online temperature monitoring of DCSSs. Its performance was evaluated and compared with type N thermocouple (NTC) and resistance temperature detector (RTD) using a small-scale dry storage canister mockup. Our preliminary results demonstrate that the UTP system developed at Argonne is able to achieve better than 0.8 °C accuracy, tested at temperatures of up to 400 °C. The temperature resolution is limited only by the sampling rate of the current system. The flexibility of the probe allows conforming to complex geometries thus making the sensor particularly suited to measurement scenarios where access is limited.
Extreme Pathway Lengths and Reaction Participation in Genome-Scale Metabolic Networks (2002)

Extreme pathways are a unique and minimal set of vectors that completely characterize the steady-state capabilities of genome-scale metabolic networks. A framework is provided to mathematically characterize extreme pathway length and to study how individual reactions participate in the extreme pathway structure of a network. The length of an extreme pathway is the number of reactions that comprise it. Reaction participation is the percentage of extreme pathways that utilize a given reaction. These properties were computed for the production of individual amino acids and protein production in Helicobacter pylori and individual amino acid production in Haemophilus influenzae. Reaction participation classifies the reactions into groups that are always, sometimes, or never utilized for the production of a target product. The utilized reactions can be further grouped into correlated subsets of reactions, some of which are non-obvious, and which may, in turn, suggest regulatory structure. The length of the extreme pathways did not correlate with product yield or chemical complexity. The distributions of extreme pathway lengths in H. pylori were also very different from those in H. influenzae, showing a distinct systemic difference between the two organisms, despite overall similar metabolic networks. Reaction participation and extreme pathway lengths thus serve to elucidate systemic biological features.
Construction d’images miniatures avec recadrage automatique basée sur un modèle perceptuel bio-inspiré (2008)

This article presents an automatic process used to automatically crop images. This tool is necessary to meet the&#13;\nconstraints (small display) of the new portable device (Mobile phone...). The principle of the reframing rests on both the&#13;\ndetection and the selection on the most interesting parts of the picture. These areas are detected by a computational&#13;\nmodel of the bottom-up visual attention. First, the results of this model are compared to results stemming from an eye&#13;\ntracking apparatus. Second, the performances of the whole system are presented.