gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An objective method for 3D quality prediction using visual annoyance and acceptability level (2015)

This study proposes a new objective metric for video quality assessment. It predicts the impact of technical quality parameters relevant to visual discomfort on human perception. The proposed metric is based on a 3-level color scale: (1) Green - not annoying, (2) Orange - annoying but acceptable, (3) Red - not acceptable. Therefore, each color category reflects viewers' judgment based on stimulus acceptability and induced visual annoyance. The boundary between the “Green" and “Orange" categories defines the visual annoyance threshold, while the boundary between the “Orange" and “Red" categories defines the acceptability threshold. Once the technical quality parameters are measured, they are compared to perceptual thresholds. Such comparison allows estimating the quality of the 3D video sequence. Besides, the proposed metric is adjustable to service or production requirements by changing the percentage of acceptability and/or visual annoyance. The performance of the metric is evaluated in a subjective experiment that uses three stereoscopic scenes. Five view asymmetries with four degradation levels were introduced into initial test content. The results demonstrate high correlations between subjective scores and objective predictions for all view asymmetries.
Recent advances in in-situ and in-field aging monitoring and compensation for integrated circuits: Invited paper (2018)

This paper reviews recent advances in in-situ and in-field techniques for monitoring and compensating aging in digital integrated circuits. For pipelines, we introduce an approach that combines circuit reconfiguration and voltage scaling down to so-called zero temperature coefficient voltage. This can directly monitor the delays of critical paths robustly against temperature variation. For SRAM circuits, we introduce new column and row peripheral circuits that can in-situ sense threshold voltage of each of six transistors in every bitcell, accurately against temperature variation in field post system deployment. We also introduce a software framework that can extract microarchitecture/circuit-level information from sensing results. With these techniques, we can exercise aging compensation schemes that can pin-point the components that undergo the worst-case aging effects. These monitoring and compensation techniques can contribute to the implementation of in-field reliability management. With such scheme a chip periodically and opportunistically enters a maintenance session. This enables each chip achieve near-optimal performance and energy-efficiency under a reliability envelope without imposing the design-time worst-case margin.
Alternative transcripts in the mouse neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene are conserved and code for schwannomins with distinct C-terminal domains (1994)

Mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene predispose individuals to the development of nervous system tumors and ocular abnormalities. The NF2 gene product, schwannomin, is a member of a superfamily of proteins thought to link cytoskeletal elements to cell membrane components. These proteins share significant homologies in the N-terminal and alpha-helical domains, but diverge in the C-terminus. During our efforts to characterize mouse NF2 transcripts, we identified four different transcripts by cDNA analysis and reverse-transcribed PCR that contained different sequences in the 3' end of the coding sequences. In human cell lines three isoforms encoding two distinct schwannomins were detected. The mouse and human transcripts containing 61 and 60 bp inserts, respectively, have not been previously described. The isoforms encode schwannomins with significantly altered C-termini and were expressed at different relative levels in adult mouse tissues and during mouse embryogenesis. These results suggest that schwannomin isoforms have distinct functional roles and predict the existence of human mutations involving the C-terminus of schwannomin.
Deposition of Air-Stable Zinc Nanoparticles on Glass Slides by the Solvent-Assisted Deposition in Plasma (SADIP) Method (2009)

We present a new technique, the solvent-assisted deposition in plasma (SADIP), for the coating glass slides by 34 ± 16 nm sized zinc nanoparticles. Using this method glass was coated by a very dense and homogeneous layer of nanoparticles. In addition, zinc nanoparticles did not oxidize rapidly, as can be expected, due to their low reduction potential. The reason for zinc stability in air atmosphere was attributed to the penetration (∼40 nm depth) of zinc nanoparticles inside the glass. In addition to glass slides, we used this coating method to deposit Zn on different conductive surfaces including silicon wafers and aluminum foil.
Kinematics of complex joint angles in robotics (2002)

A method for using complex numbers in the kinematic solution of robotic manipulators is presented. The inverse kinematics algorithm of a manipulator produces complex joint angles if it is given an end effector location outside its workspace. Although complex joint angles cannot be implemented physically, they can be converted to real numbers through a suitable mapping, and the robot approximates the configuration required to produce the desired location within the limits of its workspace. It is shown that for certain manipulators, the real-part mapping produces a minimization of the end effector location error. Examples of the technique using 2R and 3R manipulators are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modulators of the Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of ( S )‐4‐(Ethylsulfonyl)benzoylalanine, a Potent and Selective Kynurenine Aminotransferase II (KAT II) Inhibitor (2006)

(S)-4-(Ethylsulfonyl)benzoylalanine is a potent and selective inhibitor of kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II) with no significant effect on KAT I or other enzymes of the kynurenine pathway. This compound is able to pronouncedly inhibit the formation of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in rat brain. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2452/2006/z500095_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of hypoxia and cigarette smoke on hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) system of alveolar epithelial cells (2012)

Smoking is the main risk factor of alvolar destruction in emphyseama/COPD. In COPD airway obstruction causes hypoventilated areas in the lung leading to alveolar hypoxia. HIF-1 α plays a key role in the defense against hypoxic cellular damage. The inducible HSP72 has a central role in the maintenance of cell integrity, apoptosis and cellular immunity. It is unknown, what role HIF-1α and HSP72 play in cell damage caused by hypoxia and cigarette smoke. HIF1α and HSP72 mRNA expression using RT-PCR of immortalized alveolar epithelial cells (A549) was analyzed using hypoxia (FiO2 20,9% (control); 13±1%; 6±1%; 1±1%) and treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Under hypoxic conditions cell count grew significantly (FiO2 13±1%: 13,33x105; FiO2 6±1%:13,2x105; FiO2 1±1%: 12,86x105 vs. normoxia FiO2 20,9%: 7,73x105; p Hypoxia increases, whereas CSE treatment decreases alveolar epithelial cell count. HSP72 mRNA decreases following hypoxic or CSE induced cellular stress, while severe hypoxia and CSE treatment decreases HIF-1α mRNA expression of A549 cells.
Properties of a sweeping jet emitted from a fluidic oscillator (2018)

This experimental study investigates the flow field and properties of a sweeping jet emitted from a fluidic oscillator into a quiescent environment. The aspect ratio of the outlet throat is 1. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry is employed to measure the velocity field plane-by-plane. Simultaneously acquired pressure measurements provide a reference for phase correlating the individual planes yielding three-dimensional, time-resolved velocity information. Lagrangian and Eulerian visualization techniques illustrate the phase-averaged flow field. Circular head vortices, similar to the starting vortex of a steady jet, are formed repetitively when the jet is at its maximum deflection. The quantitative jet properties are determined from instantaneous velocity data using a cylindrical coordinate system that takes into account the changing deflection angle of the jet. The jet properties vary throughout the oscillation cycle. The maximum jet velocity decays much faster than that of a comparable steady jet indicating a higher momentum transfer to the environment. The entrainment rate of the spatially oscillating jet is larger than for a steady jet by a factor of 4. Most of the mass flow is entrained from the direction normal to the oscillation plane, which is accompanied by a significant increase in jet depth compared to a steady jet. The high entrainment rate results from the enlarged contact area between jet and ambient fluid due to the spatial oscillation. The jet’s total force exceeds that of an idealized steady jet by up to 30 %. The results are independent of the investigated oscillation frequencies in the range from 5 to 20 Hz.
The Use of Real-Time and Time-Lapse Logging-While-Drilling Images for Geosteering and Formation Evaluation in the Breitbrunn Field, Bavaria, Germany (2001)

Abstract Six horizontal wells were drilled into the Tertiary Chatt Sand reservoir of the Breitbrunn gas field in Bavaria, Germany. The purpose of this campaign was to develop part of the depleted reservoir into a gas storage sand. A detailed geological and petrophysical study was prepared prior to drilling and resulted in the identification of high quality reservoir layers that were targeted by the horizontal wells. Despite the simple anticline structure of the field, geometric drilling was ruled out due to remaining geological and directional uncertainties. The geosteering approach adopted relies on real-time GeoVision Resistivity (GVR·) resistivity images, which were used for the first time ever during this drilling campaign. The image data are compressed downhole and transmitted to the acquisition computer on the rig where they are decompressed and analyzed. The images allow the precise placement of the borehole relative to the geology, which "keeps the bit in the sand". Layer heterogeneity like tight streaks, concretions or patchy porosity can be identified as such, and are not interpreted as a different layer entered by the hole, which would lead to a wrong geosteering decision. Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) azimuthal data are acquired during drilling and also during wash-down passes which follow a bit change. A comparison of these time-lapse data sets can provide invasion profiles through time and around the borehole.
Flight testing of terrain-relative navigation and large-divert guidance on a VTVL rocket (2015)

Since 2011, the Autonomous Descent and Ascent Powered-Flight Testbed (ADAPT) has been used to demonstrate advanced descent and landing technologies onboard the Masten Space Systems (MSS) Xombie vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing suborbital rocket. The current instantiation of ADAPT is a stand-alone payload comprising sensing and avionics for terrain-relative navigation and fuel-optimal onboard planning of large divert trajectories, thus providing complete pin-point landing capabilities needed for planetary landers. To this end, ADAPT combines two technologies developed at JPL, the Lander Vision System (LVS), and the Guidance for Fuel Optimal Large Diverts (G-FOLD) software. This paper describes the integration and testing of LVS and G-FOLD in the ADAPT payload, culminating in two successful free flight demonstrations on the Xombie vehicle conducted in December 2014.
Deciphering O -glycoprotease substrate preferences with O-Pair Search (2022)

<i>O</i>-Glycoproteases are an emerging class of enzymes that selectively digest glycoproteins at positions decorated with specific <i>O</i>-linked glycans. <i>O</i>-Glycoprotease substrates range from any <i>O</i>-glycoprotein (albeit with specific <i>O</i>-glycan modifications) to only glycoproteins harboring specific <i>O</i>-glycosylated sequence motifs, such as those found in mucin domains. Their utility for multiple glycoproteomic applications is driving the search to both discover new <i>O</i>-glycoproteases and to understand how structural features of characterized <i>O</i>-glycoproteases influence their substrate specificities. One challenge of defining <i>O</i>-glycoprotease specificity restraints is the need to characterize <i>O</i>-glycopeptides with site-specific analysis of <i>O</i>-glycosites. Here, we demonstrate how O-Pair Search, a recently developed <i>O</i>-glycopeptide-centric identification platform that enables rapid searches and confident <i>O</i>-glycosite localization, can be used to determine substrate specificities of various <i>O</i>-glycoproteases <i>de novo</i> from LC-MS/MS data of <i>O</i>-glycopeptides. Using secreted protease of C1 esterase inhibitor (StcE) from enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>O</i>-endoprotease OgpA from <i>Akkermansia mucinophila</i>, we explore numerous settings that effect <i>O</i>-glycopeptide identification and show how non-specific and semi-tryptic searches of <i>O</i>-glycopeptide data can produce candidate cleavage motifs. These putative motifs can be further used to define new protease cleavage settings that lower search times and improve <i>O</i>-glycopeptide identifications. We use this platform to generate a consensus motif for the recently characterized immunomodulating metalloprotease (IMPa) from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and show that IMPa is a favorable <i>O</i>-glycoprotease for characterizing densely <i>O</i>-glycosylated mucin-domain glycoproteins.
Detection of object-motion during self-motion is predicted by local motion direction differences not deviation from the focus of expansion (2005)

Motion on the retina can arise from 1) object motion relative to the observer and 2) self-motion relative to stationary objects. These very different events can result in similar retinal-image motion, so telling the difference is a difficult, but important problem.
How Governmental Regulation Can Help or Hinder the Integration of Bt Crops within IPM Programs (2008)

Regulatory risk assessments are an important part of the introduction of insect-resistant genetically modified (GM) crops (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis [Bt] crops) into the environment to ensure the safe use of such products. In doing so, the regulatory assessment process can be clearly beneficial to integrated pest management (IPM) programs. In general, the regulatory framework for insect-resistant GM crops includes an assessment of the following: effects of the insecticidal trait on non-target organisms, other potential adverse environmental impacts, evolution of resistance to target pests, and environmental and agronomic benefits of the insecticidal trait. Each country’s regulatory system is dependent on the overall environmental risk management goals, relevant and available risk information, scientific capacity, and the available financial resources. A number of regulatory activities can help to ensure that new products such as Bt crops fit well within IPM programs: (1) evaluation of the environmental safety of new products, and their ability to enhance IPM; (2) encouragement of the adoption of new technologies with improved environmental safety profiles; (3) adoption of an expedited regulatory review system; and (4) encouragement and appropriate oversight of sustainable use of such products. Governmental regulation of insect-resistant GM crops can also hinder IPM programs by creating significant barriers to the adoption of such technologies. Such barriers include: (1) absence of functioning regulatory systems in many developing countries; (2) meeting the obligations and understanding the various interpretations of international treaties, e.g., Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety; (3) lack of public sector research to generate data supporting the safety of these crops; and (4) regulatory costs involved in the development and commercialization of novel products for small market sectors. Ways in which regulatory data requirements can be globally harmonized need to be considered to decrease the regulatory barriers for insect-resistant GM crops and comparable technologies. International organizations can play a key role in rationalizing regulatory systems; however, public sector research will also be needed to make sure that the risk assessment process is scientifically sound and transparent.
Radiological Warfare (1961)

When early severe nausea and vomiting are combined with erythema and a depressed absolute lymphocyte count, one can consider it likely that the patient has been exposed to a high dose of ionizing radiation. The total white-blood-cell count with determination of absolute granulocyte and lymphocyte values is the most important diagnostic aid in this situation. Treatment is purely symptomatic. Hospitalization is advised for patients suspected of having received 150 r or more. Therapy is of the greatest value in the dosage range of 200 to 700 r, where hematopoietic failure and ensuing sepsis can be prevented by transfusions and antibiotics. If partial shielding has prevented injury to critical organs, the prognosis is better and the treatment can be modified accordingly.
Multifunctional Solar Waterways: Plasma‐Enabled Self‐Cleaning Nanoarchitectures for Energy‐Efficient Desalination (2019)

Abstract Evaporating seawater and separating salt from water is one of the most promising solutions for global water scarcity. State‐of‐the‐art water desalination devices combining solar harvesting and heat localization for evaporation using nanomaterials still suffer from several issues in energy efficiency, long‐term performance, salt fouling, light blocking, and clean water collection in real‐world applications. To address these issues, this work devises plasma‐enabled multifunctional all‐carbon nanoarchitectures with on‐surface waterways formed by nitrogen‐doped hydrophilic graphene nanopetals (N‐fGPs) seamlessly integrated onto the external surface of hydrophobic self‐assembled graphene foam (sGF). The N‐fGPs simultaneously transport water and salt ions, absorb sunlight, serve as evaporation surfaces, then capture the salts, followed by self‐cleaning. The sGF ensures effective thermal insulation and enhanced heat localization, contributing to high solar‐vapor efficiency of 88.6 ± 2.1%. Seamless connection between N‐fGPs and sGF and self‐cleaning of N‐fGP structures by redissolution of the captured salts in the waterways lead to long‐term stability over 240 h of continuous operation in real seawater without performance degradation, and a high daily evaporation yield of 15.76 kg m −2 . By eliminating sunlight blocking and guiding condensed vapor, a high clean water collection ratio of 83.5% is achieved. The multiple functionalities make the current nanoarchitectures promising as multipurpose advanced energy materials.
Endovascular repair of lesions of descending thoracic aorta: aneurysms and dissections (2001)

The morbidity and mortality of open repair of descending thoracic aortic lesions remains uncomfortably high. Shortly after the advent of an endovascular approach for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms, attempts have been made to apply similar technologies to the thoracic aorta. Early experiences with endovascular grafts for thoracic aortic aneurysms have met with good to moderate success but have provided a framework for development of improved technologies specifically designed for this anatomic region. Early studies with second generation devices have shown more promise. Aortic dissections, a disease state associated with an exceptionally high morbidity and mortality, represent another condition that is readily treated with an endovascular approach.
Programmed Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Delivery from a Hybrid Calcium Phosphate/Alginate Scaffold (2017)

Bone tissue engineering requires the upregulation of several regenerative stages, including a critical early phase of angiogenesis. Previous studies have suggested that a sequential delivery of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) could promote angiogenic tubule formation when delivered to in vitro cocultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). However, it was previously unclear that this PDGF to BMP-2 delivery schedule will result in cell migration into the scaffolding system and affect the later expression of bone markers. Additionally, a controlled delivery system had not yet been engineered for programmed sequential presentation of this particular growth factor. By combining alginate matrices with calcium phosphate scaffolding, a programmed growth factor delivery schedule was achieved. Specifically, a combination of alginate microspheres, alginate hydrogels, and a novel blend of resorbable calcium phosphate-based cement (ReCaPP) was used. PDGF and BMP-2 were sequentially released from this hybrid calcium phosphate/alginate scaffold with the desired 3-day overlap in PDGF to BMP-2 delivery. Using a three-dimensional coculture model, we observed that this sequence of PDGF to BMP-2 delivery influenced both cellular infiltration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression. It was found that the presence of early PDGF delivery increased the distance of cell infiltration into the calcium phosphate/alginate scaffolding in comparison to early BMP-2 delivery and simultaneous PDGF+BMP-2 delivery. It was also observed that hMSCs expressed a greater amount of ALP+ staining in response to scaffolds delivering the sequential PDGF to BMP-2 schedule, when compared with scaffolds delivering no growth factor, or PDGF alone. Importantly, hMSCs cultured with scaffolds releasing the PDGF to BMP-2 schedule showed similar amounts of ALP staining to hMSCs cultured with BMP-2 alone, suggesting that the sequential schedule of PDGF to BMP-2 presentation promotes differentiation of hMSCs toward an osteoblast phenotype while also increasing cellular infiltration of the scaffold.
Optimization of dummy pattern for mask data size reduction (2003)

Dummy ("waffling") features on masks improve pattern density on wafers, helping chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) achieve uniform thickness of residual oxide. However, getting the required pattern density may substantially complicate mask creation algorithms, e.g., for metal lines at loose pitch not matching the waffling grid. Without proper optimization, multiple waffling passes with decreasing waffle sizes increase design database and mask writing time, not always achieving the planarization goal. In this work, we investigated the effect of waffle type, size, spacing, and number of waffling runs (passes) on die database with variable line density and pitch. We correlated the extracted pattern density with the simulated residual oxide thickness and proposed to use partial waffles created from the large size, original on-grid waffles, by subtracting the sized geometries of drawn lines running over them. We found that, surprisingly, multiple waffling passes do not significantly impact neither pattern density, nor the database file size; they are also not efficient in improving die planarity. In contrast, routines using partial waffles would produce very uniform, high density pattern, resulting in superb wafer planarity confirmed by the CMP simulation. However, this was accomplished at the expense of a threefold growth of the database size, as compared to the standard waffling routines, or about 30 time increase compared to the original drawn design. We then proposed an alternative approach using a "waffle add" CAD layer to achieve a significant reduction in waffle count and parasitic capacitance.