gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Properties of Thermally Responsive Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles Protected with Polymers (2005)

Amphiphilic thermally responsive gold nanoparticles have been prepared by protecting the particles with both polystyrene, PS, and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM, chains. Particles form a monolayer on a water surface in a Langmuir trough, and according to in situ spectroscopic measurements, the surface plasmon resonance, SPR, band undergoes a blue-shift during the monolayer compression. The compression-induced blue-shift is related to a change in the conformation of tethered PNIPAM chains; the phenomenon is discussed on the basis of Mie-Drude theory. In contrast, a red-shift in the SPR of the multilayers of the same nanoparticles transferred at different temperatures has been observed with increasing the deposition cycle, attributed to the presence of a weak interparticle coupling in the multilayer.
Approximate Storage of Compressed and Encrypted Videos (2017)

The popularization of video capture devices has created strong storage demand for encoded videos. Approximate storage can ease this demand by enabling denser storage at the expense of occasional errors. Unfortunately, even minor storage errors, such as bit flips, can result in major visual damage in encoded videos. Similarly, video encryption, widely employed for privacy and digital rights management, may create long dependencies between bits that show little or no tolerance to storage errors. In this paper we propose VideoApp, a novel and efficient methodology to compute bit-level reliability requirements for encoded videos by tracking visual and metadata dependencies within encoded bitstreams. We further show how VideoApp can be used to trade video quality for storage density in an optimal way. We integrate our methodology into a popular H.264 encoder to partition an encoded video stream into multiple streams that can receive different levels of error correction according to their reliability needs. When applied to a dense and highly error-prone multi-level cell storage substrate, our variable error correction mechanism reduces the error correction overhead by half under the most error-intolerant encoder settings, achieving quality/density points that neither compression nor approximation can achieve alone. Finally, we define the basic invariants needed to support encrypted approximate video storage. We present an analysis of block cipher modes of operation, showing that some are fully compatible with approximation, enabling approximate and secure video storage systems.
Response to “Comment on ‘AlN/GaN double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes grown by rf-plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy’ ” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3626 (2003)] (2003)

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Non-redundant, linear-phase, semi-orthogonal, directional complex wavelets [image/video processing applications] (2004)

The directionality and phase information provided by nonredundant complex wavelet transforms (NCWTs) provide significant potential benefits for image/video processing and compression applications. However, because existing NCWTs are created by downsampling filtered wavelet coefficients, the finest scale of these transforms has a resolution 4/spl times/ lower than the real input signal. In this paper, we propose a linear-phase, semi-orthogonal, directional NCWT design using a novel triband filter bank. At the finest scale, the resulting transform has a resolution 3/spl times/ lower than the real input signal. We provide a design example to demonstrate three important properties for image/video processing applications: directionality, magnitude coherency, and phase coherency.
Embedded face and facial expression recognition (2003)

A framework for embedded recognition of faces and facial expressions is described. Faces are modeled based on the appearances and positions of facial features. Hidden states are used to represent discrete facial expressions. A face model is constructed for each person in the database using video segments showing different facial expressions. Face recognition and facial expression recognition are carried out using Bayesian classification. In our current implementation, the face is divided into nine facial features grouped in four regions which are detected and tracked automatically in video segments. We report results on face and facial expression recognition using a video database of 18 people and six expressions.
Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Uncovers Guest‐Induced Distortions in a Supramolecular Organometallic Metallosquare (2021)

Abstract The encapsulation of the tetracationic palladium metallosquare with four pyrene‐bis‐imidazolylidene ligands [ 1 ] 4+ with a series of organic molecules was studied by Electrospray ionization Travelling Wave Ion‐Mobility Mass Spectrometry (ESI TWIM‐MS). The method allowed to determine the Collision Cross Sections (CCSs), which were used to assess the size changes experienced by the host upon encapsulation of the guest molecules. When fullerenes were used as guests, the host is expanded ΔCCS 13 Å 2 and 23 Å 2 , for C 60 or C 70 , respectively. The metallorectangle [ 1 ] 4+ was also used for the encapsulation of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NTCDI), to form complexes of formula [(NTCDI) 2 (PAH)@ 1 ] 4+ . For these host:guest adducts, the ESI IM‐MS studies revealed that [ 1 ] 4+ is expanded by 47–49 Å 2 .. The energy‐minimized structures of [ 1 ] 4+ , [C 60 @ 1 ] 4+ , [C 70 @ 1 ] 4+ , [(NTCDI) 2 (corannulene)@ 1 ] 4+ in the gas phase were obtained by DFT calculations.Introduction
An AAV Vector-Mediated Gene Delivery Approach Facilitates Reconstitution of Functional Human CD8+ T Cells in Mice (2014)

In the present study, a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene delivery approach was taken to improve the reconstitution of functional CD8(+) T cells in humanized mice, thereby mimicking the human immune system (HIS). Human genes encoding HLA-A2 and selected human cytokines (A2/hucytokines) were introduced to an immune-deficient mouse model [NOD/SCID/IL2rγ(null) (NSG) mice] using AAV serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors, followed by transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells. NSG mice transduced with AAV9 encoding A2/hucytokines resulted in higher levels of reconstitution of human CD45(+) cells compared to NSG mice transduced with AAV9 encoding HLA-A2 alone or HLA-A2-transgenic NSG mice. Furthermore, this group of HIS mice also mounted the highest level of antigen-specific A2-restricted human CD8(+) T-cell response upon vaccination with recombinant adenoviruses expressing human malaria and HIV antigens. Finally, the human CD8(+) T-cell response induced in human malaria vaccine-immunized HIS mice was shown to be functional by displaying cytotoxic activity against hepatocytes that express the human malaria antigen in the context of A2 molecules. Taken together, our data show that AAV vector-mediated gene delivery is a simple and efficient method to transfer multiple human genes to immune-deficient mice, thus facilitating successful reconstitution of HIS in mice. The HIS mice generated in this study should ultimately allow us to swiftly evaluate the T-cell immunogenicity of various human vaccine candidates in a pre-clinical setting.
Identification of Mur, an Atypical Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Derived fromLeuconostoc citreum (2001)

A gene encoding a protein homologous to known bacterial N-acetyl-muramidases has been cloned from Leuconostoc citreum by a PCR-based approach. The encoded protein, Mur, consists of 209 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 23,821 Da including a 31-amino-acid putative signal peptide. In contrast to most of the other known peptidoglycan hydrolases, L. citreum Mur protein does not contain amino acid repeats involved in cell wall binding. The purified L. citreum Mur protein was shown to exhibit peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing activity by renaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An active chimeric protein was constructed by fusion of L. citreum Mur to the C-terminal repeat-containing domain (cA) of AcmA, the major autolysin of Lactococcus lactis. Expression of the Mur-cA fusion protein was able to complement an acmA mutation in L. lactis; normal cell separation after cell division was restored by Mur-cA expression.
Qualitätskontrolle in der Erntetechnik (2015)

Erntemaschinen sollen künftig mit Nahinfrarot (NIR)-Spektrometern bestückt werden, die die Erntegüter auf Inhaltsstoffe wie Protein, Stärke und Öl untersuchen können. Damit wird es möglich, beispielsweise Sortenprüfungen oder Düngungsversuche direkt bei der Ernte auszuwerten. Der Einsatz von NIR-Spektrometern in Erntemaschinen führt so zu einer erheblichen Vereinfachung der Qualitätssicherung im Acker- und Futterbau und stellt einen weiteren Schritt zu einer qualitätsgerechten und umweltschonenden Landwirtschaft dar. Die Inhaltsstoffbestimmung direkt bei der Ernte ist jedoch nur sinnvoll, wenn über eine entsprechende Standardisierung dafür gesorgt wird, dass die gewonnenen Informationen eine breite Akzeptanz finden und auch zum Qualitätsnachweis dienen können.
The Amaranth bioresorbable vascular scaffold technology (2017)

In the first generation bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BRS), polymer orientation and crystallinity determine the mechanical strength of the scaffold. In turn, the polymer's ability to orient and gain crystallinity depends on its molecular weight and the tube manufacturing process. BRS, polymer orientation and crystallinity determine the mechanical strength of the scaffold. In turn, the polymer's ability to orient and gain crystallinity depends on its molecular weight and the tube manufacturing process. Highly crystalline polymer structures, however, significantly limit the scaffold's resistance to fracture especially under high stress conditions. The Amaranth polymer technology improves on the biomechanical properties of the current generation BRS. The Amaranth polymer technology relies on polymer orientation and crystallinity, due to the intrinsic material properties uniquely associated with ultra-high molecular weight polymer and the proprietary manufacturing methodology. Ex vivo studies have shown that this type of noncrystalline polymer dramatically improves overexpansion capabilities and resistance to fracture under static and dynamic loading conditions compared to other BRS.
An Exercise Game Reflecting Heart Rate (2007)

運動が不足すると健康が阻害されることが知られ，室内で手軽に利用できる運動器具が普及している．しかし，どのような運動をどれくらいの時間行えばよいかといった運動処方を知るためには専門的知識が必要であり，過度な運動による事故や十分な運動効果を得ることが困難であった．そのため，運動効果が得られるように運動器具の負荷を自動制御するフィットネスマシンや，運動にゲーム性をもたせることで継続的な運動を促すことが提案されている．しかし，運動が単調であるために運動の達成感が得られず運動を継続できないことや，あらかじめ設定されたゲームの難易度が個人の運動習慣や心肺能力によって異なる有効心拍数を考慮していないために，ユーザによっては十分な運動を行うことができず運動効果が得られないといった問題があった．そこで本研究では，実時間で計測したゲームプレイ中のユーザ心拍数を運動強度の指標とし，心拍数に応じてゲーム内容を動的に変更することで，ユーザ個々にあった運動効果と運動達成感を与えるゲーム制御手法を提案する．最後にボクササイズにゲーム要素を付加したフィットネス支援ゲームを構築し，評価を行なう．
BMS-205820 (A NOVEL NF-KAPPA B INHIBITOR) PROLONGS SURVIVAL OF RAT CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS AFTER A SHORT COURSE OF CYCLOSPORINE. (1999)

220 BMS-205820 is a novel, potent and selective D-amino acid, cell permeable peptide NF-kB inhibitor. This peptide binds to and inhibits the protein karyopherin alpha which plays a role in the nuclear transport of NF-kB. In cultured cells, the peptide blocks NF-kB nuclear localization in a dose dependent manner, resulting in inhibition of kappa Ig expression in B-cells, TNF-α and IL-6 production in macrophages, and T-cell proliferation. We hypothesized that this unique NF-kB inhibitor would be able (in combination with Cyclosporine) to prolong vascular allograft survival in a rodent transplant model. Methods: ACI rats were designated as cardiac allograft donors and the recipients were Lewis. Four groups were established: 1. ACI → Lewis CTRL (no immunosuppression), 2. ACI → Lewis CSA (cyclosporin given IM 10mg/kg/day on day of surgery and each day up to post op day 6), 3. ACI → Lewis PEP (peptide alone given to recipient IV two hours prior to transplant on day of surgery and each day up to post op day 6), and 4. ACI → Lewis CSA/PEP (given both agents as per 2 and 3). Cessation of a palpable heart beat was used as indication for necropsy. ACI hearts were examined with H&E. The cardiac muscle was also examined with immunohistochemistry (anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD3, and anti-CD161) to identify the cell populations present at the time of clinical rejection. Results: CTRL rejected at a mean of 6.6 days (n=10) and PEP rejected at a mean of 7.0 days (n=4). CSA demonstrated a prolongation of graft acceptance to a mean of 10.5 days. CSA/PEP rejected at a mean of 15.8 days (n=6, p < 0.00002). Although clinical presentation was similar for all groups, histologic findings were disparate. CTRL showed a cellular infiltrate (mostly CD4+, CD8+) with areas of necrosis and fibrosis. CSA showed similar findings even though the clinical presentation was delayed by 4 days. PEP demonstrated little cellular infiltrate but had severely pynknotic nuclei and coagulation necrosis consistent with ischemia and infarction. There were fewer CD4+ and CD8+ infiltrating cells than group 1 and 2. CSA/PEP showed mild ischemia and moderate cellular rejection, a process that was delayed by 10 days relative to controls. Histological examination of a CSA/PEP heart on post-op day 7 was normal. Conclusions: The peptide, in combination with cyclosporine, delays the cellular infiltration into the allograft on day 7, likely by modulating effects on the endothelium. The results have possible implication on the role of NF-kB in the endothelial response to reperfusion. Syngeneic transplants are under study to examine this issue. This research was partially funded by Bristol-Meyers Pharm. Research Institute
Traumatic brain injury and the development of parkinsonism: Understanding pathophysiology, animal models, and therapeutic targets (2022)

The clinical translation of therapeutic approaches to combat debilitating neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), remains as an urgent unmet challenge. The strong molecular association between the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the development of parkinsonism in humans has been well established. Therefore, a lot of ongoing research aims to investigate this pathology overlap in-depth, to exploit the common targets of TBI and PD for development of more effective and long-term treatment strategies. This review article intends to provide a detailed background on TBI pathophysiology and its established overlap with PD with an additional emphasis on the recent findings about their effect on perivascular clearance. Although, the traditional animal models of TBI and PD are still being considered, there is a huge focus on the development of combinatory hybrid animal models coupling concussion with the pre-established PD models for a better recapitulation of the human context of PD pathogenesis. Lastly, the therapeutic targets for TBI and PD, and the contemporary research involving exosomes, DNA vaccines, miRNA, gene therapy and gene editing for the development of potential candidates are discussed, along with the recent development of lesser invasive and promising central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery strategies.
Mathematical moiré models and their limitations (2010)

In a previous recent paper we discussed the limitations of the Fourier-based model in the prediction of visible moiré effects. Here, we extend the discussion to other mathematical models that are also being used in the moiré theory: the classical indicial equations method for modelling the moiré fringes between periodic or curvilinear gratings, and two methods that are used to model different facets of the moiré effects between correlated aperiodic layers. We discuss the limitations of each model, explain their significance, and suggest possible ways to overcome them.
Identification and characterization of a family of secretion‐related small GTPase‐encoding genes from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger : a putative SEC4 homologue is not essential for growth (2001)

DNA fragments containing genetic information for five secretion-related small GTPases of Aspergillus niger (srgA-E) were isolated and identified as members of different Rab/Ypt subfamilies. This isolation and the search for similar sequences in fungal genomic and EST databases showed that, in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, filamentous fungi also possess homologues of mammalian Rab2 GTPases. Multiple transcripts with unusually long 5' and 3' untranslated regions were found for all srg genes. Their level of expression was independent of the type of carbon source used for growth. Although the transcripts of srgA and srgB were abundant to the same extent throughout the cultivation, that of the other genes peaked during the early growth phase and then declined. Two genes, srgA and srgB, were characterized further. The protein encoded by srgA exhibited relatively low identity (58%) to its closest S. cerevisiae homologue SEC4, whereas the protein encoded by srgB showed 73% identity with S. cerevisiae YPT1. In contrast to other SEC4 homologues, srgA was unable to complement an S. cerevisiae sec4 mutant, and its disruption was not lethal in A. niger. SrgA mutants displayed a twofold increase in their hyphal diameter, unusual apical branching and strongly reduced protein secretion during growth on glucose.
Supplemental Materials and Methods, Supplementary Tables 1 through 3, Supplementary Figures 1 through 4 from BAY 80-6946 Is a Highly Selective Intravenous PI3K Inhibitor with Potent p110α and p110δ Activities in Tumor Cell Lines and Xenograft Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods. Supplemental Table S1. Combination effects of BAY 80-6946 and lapatinib on caspase 9 activation in BT474 cells. Supplemental Table S2. Single dose i.v. pharmacokinetic parameter of BAY 80-6946 in female nude rats and ICR mice (n=3 per timepoint). Supplemental Table S3. Combination effects of BAY 80-6946 and paclitaxel in patient-derived NSCLC xenograft tumor model. Supplemental Figure S1: Chemical structure of reference compounds. Supplemental Figure S2. Nuclear translocation of FOXO1A in U2OS cells. Supplemental Figure S3. Caspase 9 activity in BT474 and BT20 cells measured 24 hours after exposure to BAY 80-6946 and reference drugs. Supplemental Figure S4. Single and multiple dose i.v. plasma concentration versus time profile of BAY 80-6946 in female nude rats (n=2 per timepoint).&lt;/p&gt;
Contrasting effect of E. coli single-stranded DNA binding protein on DNA synthesis using templates containing 2-aminofluorene and N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene adducts (1986)

N-2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF), one of the best studied carcinogens, forms two major DNA adducts in the target tissues of several species. Both of these are bound through the nitrogen of the aryl amine to the C8 position of guanine, but differ by the presence (AAF adduct) or absence (AF adduct) of a nitrogen-linked acetyl group. The latter AF structure, which represents the major adduct in all tissue studied thus far, causes far less distortion to the DNA helix than that produced by an AAF adduct. The effect of E. coli single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) on DNA synthesis using native, AF, and AAF-modified M13 templates by T7 DNA polymerase and E. coli DNA polymerase I large fragment was evaluated by in vitro DNA synthesis assays and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two polymerase enzymes displayed differential responses to the addition of SSB: T7 DNA polymerase, a enzyme required for the replication of the T7 chromosome, was stimulated by the addition of SSB whether native or AF-modified templates were used; E. coli DNA polymerase I, on the other hand, was slightly stimulated by the addition of SSB to the native template but substantially inhibited on modified templates. This result suggests that polymerase Imore » might normally bypass these adducts and that the presence SSB inhibited this trans-lesion synthesis. Polyacrylamide gels of the products of DNA synthesis supported this inference since SSB caused a substantial increase in the accumulation of shorter DNA chains induced by blockage at the AF adduct sites. SSB did not cause a decrease in chain length for synthesis by polymerase I on templates containing AAF adducts presumably because far less bypass of an AAF adduct occurs in the absence of SSB.« less
Intrinsic Switching Behavior in HfO2 RRAM by Fast Electrical Measurements on Novel 2R Test Structures (2012)

In this work, we present a detailed electrical characterization of TiN\HfO2\Hf\TiN RRAM elements, and show for the first time the intrinsic switching characteristics in the low current operation regime (100uA till few uA's) of small scaled cells (20nm) under DC and fast ramps (up to 1MV/s) condition, using a newly proposed 2R test structure. The main characteristic parameters of the SET and RESET switching are defined and their speed dependence is characterized. Resistance decrease during SET is observed to occur at a constant voltage Vtrans, while symmetrically RESET process starts at -Vtrans. With reducing operation current, mean values of the symmetric SET and RESET transition voltages remain unchanged but their spread strongly increases. The actual I-V characteristics show discrete current jumps and non-linear quantum-mechanical conduction is evidenced and more pronounced at smaller currents. Increasing the ramp rate increases the SET and RESET transition voltage logarithmically with a concomitant reduction of the HRS resistance. These measurements allow for a better insight and understanding of the dynamic switching properties in low-current, ultra-scaled RRAM cells.
Cancer-testis antigens in triple-negative and locally advanced breast cancer. (2013)

11072 Background: Cancer-Testis Antigens (CTAs) are immunogenic molecules that have increased expression in triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), a phenotype that whilst associated with poorer survival, is chemosensitive. We investigated expression of the CTAs MAGE-A, MAGE-C1, and NY-ESO-1 in women with Locally Advanced Breast Cancers (LABC) and TNBC to determine the association between CTA expression, survival and response to chemotherapy. Methods: We reviewed patient charts, treated for either TNBC or LABC between 1997 and 2011. Tissue samples were used for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for MAGE-A, MAGE-C1 and NY-ESO-1 and compared using Fisher’s exact test. Positive expression was defined as any antigen staining above background.. Clinicopathological features were correlated with IHC results and survival estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: A total of 106 cases were investigated (64 TNBC and 42 LABC). In the TNBC cohort the median age was 58 and TNM stages 1 to 3c. CTA expression occurred in 56, 51 and 43% for MAGE-A, MAGE-C1 and NY-ESO-1 respectively. CTA expression was not associated with overall survival (OS) or time to progression. In the LABC cohort the median age was 54 and consisted of stage IIIb tumors. All breast cancer subtypes were represented. CTA expression occurred in 26, 64 and 21% for MAGE-A, MAGE-C1 and NY-ESO-1 respectively. There was no association between CTA expression and response to chemotherapy. In a univariate analysis MAGE-A expression in the LABC group was associated with poorer OS (median 25 vs 76 months, HR 3.347 95% CI 1.44 to 21.68, p=0.015). However, there were more TN patients and Grade 3 tumors in the MAGE-A positive group. Across the two groups, MAGE-A (51 vs 14% p=0.002) and NY-ESO-1 (37 vs 2% p=0.006) but not MAGE-C1 had significantly higher expression in ER -ve tumors. There was higher expression of MAGE-A (51 vs 25% p=0.025) and NY-ESO-1 (43 vs 10% p=0.002) in Grade 3 tumors. Conclusions: MAGE-A, MAGE-C1 and NY-ESO-1 are highly expressed in TNBC and high-grade subsets of early breast cancer. CTA expression in TNBC was not predictive of survival nor response to chemotherapy in LABC. However, MAGE-A expression was found to be associated with poorer overall survival in LABC.