gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of EGFR-Targeted Polymer Blend Nanocarriers for Combination Paclitaxel/Lonidamine Delivery To Treat Multi-Drug Resistance in Human Breast and Ovarian Tumor Cells (2010)

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer is a significant clinical obstacle and is often implicated in cases of recurrent, nonresponsive disease. Targeted nanoparticles were made by synthesizing a poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/poly(ethylene glycol)/epidermal growth factor receptor targeting peptide (PLGA/PEG/EGFR-peptide) construct for incorporation in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles. MDR was induced in a panel of nine human breast and ovarian cancer cell lines using hypoxia. EGFR-targeted polymer blend nanoparticles were shown to actively target EGFR overexpressing cell lines, especially upon induction of hypoxia. The nanoparticles were capable of sustained drug release. Combination therapy with lonidamine and paclitaxel significantly improved the therapeutic index of both drugs. Treatment with a nanoparticle dose of 1 μM paclitaxel/10 μM lonidamine resulted in less than 10% cell viability for all hypoxic/MDR cell lines and less than 5% cell viability for all normoxic cell lines. Comparatively, treatment with 1 μM paclitaxel alone was the approximate IC₅₀ value of the MDR cells while treatment with lonidamine alone had very little effect. The PLGA/PEG/EGFR-peptide delivery system actively targets a MDR cell by exploiting the expression of EGFR. This system treats MDR by inhibiting the Warburg effect and promoting mitochondrial binding of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (lonidamine), while hyperstabilizing microtubules (paclitaxel). This nanocarrier system actively targets a MDR associated phenotype (EGFR receptor overexpression), further enhancing the therapeutic index of both drugs and potentiating the use of lonidamine/paclitaxel combination therapy in the treatment of MDR cancer.
Resist characteristics of acryl polymers for 193nm lithography (2004)

The control of line edge roughness (LER) in patterned resist lines is a major challenging topic in manufacturing of semiconductors [l, 2]. Therefore, there are numerous reports of fundamental challenges in desipng materials and resist processing parameters to reduce LER [3-7]. In the past, we have reported the effect of protecting group of polymer materials on lithographic performance [8-10]. These results suggest that alkoxy-methyl protectins group is effective for Mher controllug LER. Preparing three dfferent copolymers AdOMMA-co-GBLMA, MAdOMMA-CO-GBLMA and MAdMA-co-GBLMA as shown in Figure 1, we have evaluated copolymers properties, resolution and LER. Table 1 shows the thermal properhes of AdOMMA-co-GBLMA, MAdOMMA-co-GBLMA and MAdMA-CO-GBLMA.
Peritoneal dialysis solution attenuates microvascular leukocyte adhesion induced by nitric oxide synthesis inhibition. (1996)

In the mesenteric microcirculation, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis results in an inflammatory response through increased leukocyte adherence to the microvascular postcapillary venular endothelium. Recent studies have demonstrated that elevated concentrations of endogenous NO synthesis inhibitors are present in renal failure. How peritoneal dialysis solutions may affect leukocyte-endothelial interactions during inflammation induced by NO synthesis inhibition has been previously unknown. Using in vivo intravital microscopy of the rat mesenteric postcapillary venules, microvascular leukocyte adherence was quantitated during baseline conditions in which the mesentery was superfused with a buffer solution, followed by the superfusion of a NO synthesis inhibitor NG-nitro-L-ARGININE methyl ester (L-NAME) added to the buffer, followed by 4.25% Dianeal (4.25% D). When compared to baseline, L-NAME increased the mean number of adherent leukocytes by fivefold (2.2 +/- 0.9 vs 11.6 +/- 3.6 leukocytes/100 microns venule/10 min, p < 0.05), while 4.25% D quickly reversed the L-NAME-induced inflammatory response, returning the number of adherent leukocytes back to baseline values (11.6 +/- 3.6 vs 2.4 +/- 1.3 leukocytes/100 microns venule/ 10 min, p < 0.05). These results confirm that NO synthesis inhibition induces inflammation in mesenteric postcapillary venules. Superfusion of 4.25% D reverses leukocyte adhesion induced by NO synthesis inhibition. Thus, a standard peritoneal dialysis solution (4.25% D) reverses the leukocyte-adhesive effects of NO synthesis inhibition in the mesenteric microcirculation.
An association between renal cell carcinoma and lymphoid malignancies: A case series of eight patients (1996)

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma and lymphoid malignancy occurring in the same patient is higher than that expected in the general population. This association cannot be explained by treatment-related development of a second malignancy. A common genetic mutation or an immunomodulatory role of the first malignancy predisposing to the second are possibilities but further investigation is warranted.
Noninvasive Real-Time Monitoring by AlamarBlue ® During In Vitro Culture of Three-Dimensional Tissue-Engineered Bone Constructs (2013)

Bone tissue engineering (TE) aims to develop reproducible and predictive three-dimensional (3D) TE constructs, defined as cell-seeded scaffolds produced by a controlled in vitro process, to heal or replace damaged and nonfunctional bone. To control and assure the quality of the bone TE constructs, a prerequisite for regulatory authorization, there is a need to develop noninvasive analysis techniques to evaluate TE constructs and to monitor their behavior in real time during in vitro culturing. Most analysis techniques, however, are limited to destructive end-point analyses. This study investigates the use of the nontoxic alamarBlue(®) (AB) reagent, which is an indicator for metabolic cell activity, for monitoring the cellularity of 3D TE constructs in vitro as part of a bioreactor culturing processes. Within the field of TE, bioreactors have a huge potential in the translation of TE concepts to the clinic. Hence, the use of the AB reagent was evaluated not only in static cultures, but also in dynamic cultures in a perfusion bioreactor setup. Hereto, the AB assay was successfully integrated in the bioreactor-driven TE construct culture process in a noninvasive way. The obtained results indicate a linear correlation between the overall metabolic activity and the total DNA content of a scaffold upon seeding as well as during the initial stages of cell proliferation. This makes the AB reagent a powerful tool to follow-up bone TE constructs in real-time during static as well as dynamic 3D cultures. Hence, the AB reagent can be successfully used to monitor and predict cell confluence in a growing 3D TE construct.
Differential expression of the alternatively spliced OPRM1 isoform μ-opioid receptor-1K in HIV-infected individuals (2013)

These results suggest that HIVE, and neurocognitive impairment depending on its severity, are associated with enhanced MOR-1K signaling through both increased expression and trafficking to the cell surface, which may alter the contribution of MOR receptor isoforms and exacerbate the effects of MOR activation in neuroAIDS.
Carboxamido-substituted imidazoles from 1,2,3-tricarbonyl derivatives and acetamido-substituted thiazoles from 4-bromo-3-oxo-butanenitriles (2008)

Carboxamido-substituted imidazoles obtained from 1,2,3-tricarbonyl compounds and acetamidosubstituted thiazoles from 4-bromo-3-oxo-butanenitriles are described.
Discovery of Clinical Candidate 4-[2-(5-Amino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-chlorophenoxy]-5-chloro-2-fluoro-N-1,3-thiazol-4-ylbenzenesulfonamide (PF-05089771): Design and Optimization of Diaryl Ether Aryl Sulfonamides as Selective Inhibitors of NaV1.7 (2017)

A series of acidic diaryl ether heterocyclic sulfonamides that are potent and subtype selective Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 inhibitors is described. Optimization of early lead matter focused on removal of structural alerts, improving metabolic stability and reducing cytochrome P450 inhibition driven drug-drug interaction concerns to deliver the desired balance of preclinical in vitro properties. Concerns over nonmetabolic routes of clearance, variable clearance in preclinical species, and subsequent low confidence human pharmacokinetic predictions led to the decision to conduct a human microdose study to determine clinical pharmacokinetics. The design strategies and results from preclinical PK and clinical human microdose PK data are described leading to the discovery of the first subtype selective Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 inhibitor clinical candidate PF-05089771 (34) which binds to a site in the voltage sensing domain.
CCR Translation for This Article from Durable Complete Responses in Heavily Pretreated Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Using T-Cell Transfer Immunotherapy (2023)

CCR Translation for This Article from Durable Complete Responses in Heavily Pretreated Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Using T-Cell Transfer Immunotherapy
Noise in a passively mode-locked fiber laser (1991)

Passive modelocking of fiber lasers has recently been shown to be a viable technique for the generation of ultra-short optical pulses [1,2] . In fact pulse-widths as short as 38 fsec have been generated with such lasers to date [3] , which compares well with pulse-widths obtainable with much more complex bulk laser systems [4–8] . However, for practical applications not only the pulse-widths generated with a particular oscillator are important, but also its radio frequency (RF) noise characteristics. From the RF-spectrum of modelocked oscillators information about the amplitude-noise and timing jitter of the generated pulses can be inferred [9–12] . Here we choose to investigate the noise characteristics of a fiber laser passively mode-locked by nonlinear polarization evolution [2,3] due to the simplicity of the involved experimental set-up and its superior performance in short pulse generation compared to other fiber laser passive mode-locking schemes involving a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror [1,13] .
Indoor Location Retrieval using Shape Matching of KinectFusion Scans to Large-Scale Indoor Point Clouds (2015)

In this paper we show that indoor location retrieval can be posed as a part-in-whole matching problem of Kinect- Fusion (KinFu) query scans in large-scale target indoor point clouds. We tackle the problem with a local shape feature-based 3D Object Retrieval (3DOR) system. We specifically show that the KinFu queries suffer from artifacts stemming from the non-linear depth distortion and noise characteristics of Kinect-like sensors that are accentuated by the relative largeness of the queries. We furthermore show that proper calibration of the Kinect sensor using the CLAMS technique (Calibrating, Localizing, and Mapping, Simultaneously) proposed by Teichman et al. effectively reduces the artifacts in the generated KinFu scan and leads to a substantial retrieval performance boost. Throughout the paper we use queries and target point clouds obtained at the world's largest technical museum. The target point clouds cover floor spaces of up to 3500m2. We achieve an average localization accuracy of 6cm although the KinFu query scans make up only a tiny fraction of the target point clouds.
Effect of the Blending of Low Stereo-regularity Component in High-Speed Melt Spinning of Polypropylene (2008)

Three types of polypropylene (PP), i.e. low tacticity and high molecular weight PP (HMC), low tacticity and low molecular weight PP, and medium tacticity and low molecular weight PP, were mixed into ordinary high-tacticity PP (standard PP), and high-speed melt spinning of these PP blends was performed. Attainable maximum take-up velocity of the all PP blends increased in comparison with that of the standard PP. The improvement became more prominent with the decrease of tacticity, the decrease of molecular weight and the increase of the amount of blended low tacticity component. From the measurement of the thinning behavior of spin-line, it was speculated that the shift of the position of neck-like deformation toward downstream as well as the existence of additional gradual thinning after the neck-like deformation were possible reasons for the improvement of spinnability. Tensile test of the as-spun fibers was performed. Initial tensile modulus of the as-spun fibers increased with an increase in the take-up velocity. The fibers with higher crystallinity showed higher modulus if comparison was made for the fibers obtained at the same take-up velocity, whereas the maximum moduli for different PP blends obtained at respective highest take-up velocity were similar. Tensile strength showed a maximum at an intermediate take-up velocity for each PP blend, and the fibers of higher average molecular weight generally showed higher tensile strength. Based on the above results, additional high-speed melt spinning experiment was performed preparing a PP blend with increased amount of HMC, and the combined improvements of spinnability and tensile strength of as-spun fibers were successfully attained. The as-spun fibers also showed fairly high tensile modulus. On the other hand, it was found that the as-spun fibers have relatively high crystallinity in spite of the large amount of HMC with low crystallizablity. The gaining of high crystallinity, which was possibly caused by the increased viscosity and stress-induced enhancement of crystallization, can be considered as the origin of the improvement of tensile modulus.
Silicon-Copper Helical Arrays for New Generation Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

The helical array (with 10 atom % Cu) exhibits 3130 mAh g(-1) with 83% columbic efficiency and retains 83% of its initial discharge capacity after 100th cycle. Homogeneously distributed interspaces between the helical arrays accommodate high volumetric changes upon cycling and copper atoms form a conductive network to buffer the mechanical stress generated in the electrode while minimizing electrochemical agglomeration of Si. Also, ion assistance is believed to enhance the density of the helices at the bottom thus increasing the adhesion.
Dialysis Research: Surface‐Area‐Normalized Kt/V: A Method of Rescaling Dialysis Dose to Body Surface Area—Implications for Different‐Size Patients by Gender (2008)

Dialysis is measured as Kt/V, which scales the dose (Kt) to body water content (V). Scaling dialysis dose to body surface area (S(dub)) has been advocated, but the implications of such rescaling have not been examined. We developed a method of rescaling measured Kt/V to S(dub) and studied the effect of such alternative scaling on the minimum adequacy values that might then be applied in male and female patients of varying body size. We examined anthropometric estimates of V and S (Watson vs. Dubois estimates) in 1765 patients enrolled in the HEMO study after excluding patients with amputations. An S-normalized target stdKt/V was defined, and an adequacy ratio (R) was computed for each patient as R = D/N where D = delivered stdKt/V (calculated using the Gotch-Leypoldt equation for stdKt/V) and N = the S-normalized minimum target value. In the HEMO data set, we determined the extent to which baseline (prerandomization) stdKt/V values would have exceeded such an S-based minimum target stdKt/V. The median V(wat):S(dub) ratios were significantly higher in men (21.34) than in women (18.50). The average of these (20) was used to normalize the current suggested minimally adequate value (stdKt/V > or = 2.0/week) to the S-normalized target value (stdKt/S > or = 40 L/M(2)), assuming that average modeled V = average anthropometric V. To achieve this S-normalized target, the required single-pool (sp) Kt/V was always higher in women than in men at any level of body size. For small patients (V(wat) = 25L), required stdKt/V values were 2.05 and 2.21/week for men and women, respectively, corresponding to spKt/V values of 1.31 and 1.52/session. On the other hand, large (V(wat) = 50L) male patients would need spKt/V values of only 1.0/session. Prerandomization baseline dialysis sessions in the HEMO study were found to meet such a new S-based standard in almost all (766/773) men and in 885/992 women. An analysis of scaling dose to anthropometrically estimated liver size (L) showed similar gender ratios for V(wat):L and V(wat):S(dub), providing a potential physiologic explanation underpinning S-based scaling. S-based scaling of the dialysis dose would require considerably higher doses in small patients and in women, and would allow somewhat lower doses in larger male patients. Current dialysis practice would largely meet such an S-based adequacy standard if the dose were normalized to a V(wat):S(dub) ratio of 20.
Analysing the impact of market variations in the steel industry: a simulation approach (2008)

The steel industry (SI) produces parts for different industrial markets, such as aeronautics and tools. The last few years have shown that the demand from these markets can be subject to variations, which can be drastic (e.g. consequences of the events of 11 September 2001 on the aeronautical industries) or more progressive. To cope in the best way with these unexpected changes, steel industries have to evaluate their ability to react, at a strategic decision level, to these changes. In particular, they need to adapt the long-term management of their resources in the best possible way. Although issues related to short-term perturbations appear in the literature, seldom seen are methodologies to analyse the long-term behaviour of manufacturing systems. In this article, we are concerned with the evaluation, using simulation, of the effect of unexpected variations in the demand of products on the firm performance, in order to determine in what extent the system may be disturbed, and whether or not it can cope with the consequences induced by these variations. We address this problem through a system dynamics approach. Several families of parts, which correspond to different markets, are distinguished. Different types of signals are associated to these families to model the demand variations, in order to analyse the system's sensitivity. A real industrial application illustrates this approach. The results are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Perfluoroalkyl Iodides to 4‐Pentenol and Its Derivatives: One‐Pot Preparation of 2‐((F‐Alkyl)methyl)tetrahydrofurans. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deep-UV Resist Technology: The Evolution of Materials and Processes for 250-nm Lithography and Beyond (2017)

Deep-UV lithography using 248- and 193-nm light will likely be the microlithography technology of choice for the manufacture of advanced memory and logic semiconductor devices for the next decade. Photoresists capable of exploiting these deep-UV wavelengths operate on an entirely different imaging mechanism than traditional positive photoresists. As a result, the preparation, formulation, process peculiarities, reflection suppression requirements, etching properties, etc., are substantially different from (traditional) novolac-based mid-UV resists. The payoff (and it is huge) will be the ability to manufacture devices using optical lithography for device generations perhaps as small as 0.14 μm. This chapter introduces the basic chemistry behind the DUV resists of today and discusses issues involved in the implementation of these new resist materials into manufacturing. Additionally, we describe the new work in the field of 193-nm photoresists, which many hope will be ready for manufacturing devices before the turn of the century. The issues concerning materials, process, reflectivity control, manufacturing facilities, quality control, photoresist manufacturing, and photoresist cost are discussed.
Impact of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region mutational status on the outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia harboring isolated 13q deletion. (2012)

6608 Background: Several prognostic factors can predict the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Among them, the IGVH mutational status and the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities are the strongest predictors of outcome. Mutated IGVH and deletion 13q independently confer a survival advantage. CLL patients with mutated IGVH in combination with deletion 13q have a better prognosis when compared to their unmutated IGVH counterparts. However, there is limited data on the outcome of patients harboring favorable deletion 13q and the unfavorable unmutated IGVH. This study aimed at identifying patients with these two indicators in order to obtain important prognostic information. Methods: We used the Moffitt Cancer Center Total Cancer Care (TCC) database to find patients with a diagnosis of CLL between January 1993 and December 2009. Individual charts were reviewed for demographic data and CLL cytogenetics, including IGVH mutation status and presence of deletion 13q. We analyzed the impact of having deletion 13q in combination with an unmutated IGVH on the overall survival (OS) for this subset of CLL patients using Kaplan Meier curves with SPSS statistical software. Results: 546 patients were identified during the aforementioned time period with a diagnosis of CLL. Median age was 62.5 years. 144 (26.4%) of these patients had IGVH and cytogenetic analysis available. 53 patients had 13q deletion as their sole genetic abnormality. Patients with unmutated IGVH and positive for deletion 13q were 19/53 (35.8%). Patients with mutated IGVH and positive for deletion 13q were 34/53 (64.2%). Patients with mutated IGVH and positive for deletion 13q had an OS of 17 years. While patients with unmutated IGVH and positive deletion 13q had a lower median OS of 12 years (91.2% vs 78.9%, p=0.05). Hazard ratio for patients with IGVH mutated and positive deletion 13q was 0.4, p=0.05. Conclusions: Mutated IGVH appears to be associated with improved OS in patients with isolated 13q deletion when compared to patients with unmutated IGVH and isolated 13q deletion. Further research is needed to assess these mutations in relation to other cytogenetic abnormalities in CLL.
Receptor Binding Specificity and Pulmonary Gene Expression of the Neutrophil-Activating Peptide ENA-78 (1996)

Neutrophil-activating peptide ENA-78 is a novel chemotactic cytokine isolated from a human type II pulmonary epithelial cell line. It is a member of the chemokine family of proinflammatory polypeptides and exhibits structural homology to interleukin-8 (IL-8) and GROalpha. The immunohistochemical identification of ENA-78 in pulmonary alveolar leukocytes of bovine pneumonic lungs supports a role for ENA-78 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation. Although ENA-78 is able to stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), neither its binding specificities nor its expression in human pulmonary disease states have been determined. 125I-labeled ENA-78 binds with high affinity to human PMN. Its actions on PMN appear to be mediated by the IL-8 type B receptor, to which it binds with a K(d) of 2.2 nM. Human IL-8, GROalpha, and murine KC compete with high affinity for 125I-ENA-78 binding to the human IL-8 type B receptor. In contrast, 125I-ENA-78 does not bind to the IL-8 type A receptor nor does it compete significantly for 125I-IL-8 binding to this same receptor. ENA-78 is a potent upregulator of Mac-1 cell surface expression. In addition, ENA-78 mRNA is detected in cystic fibrosis lung but is not detected in normal donor lung. Thus, ENA-78 mRNA levels appear to be increased in human pulmonary inflammation and its stimulatory activities on PMN appear to be a function mediated primarily by the IL-8 type B receptor.