gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Antioxidants as a Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Combination With the Chemotherapeutic Agent Doxorubicin (2014)

RSVL, curcumin, and EEAC have the potential to be clinically applied to prevent cardiac toxicity and HFS and enhance the anticancer efficiency of Dox.
Nanoparticulate Cellular Patches for Cell-Mediated Tumoritropic Delivery (2010)

The targeted delivery of therapeutics to tumors remains an important challenge in cancer nanomedicine. Attaching nanoparticles to cells that have tumoritropic migratory properties is a promising modality to address this challenge. Here we describe a technique to create nanoparticulate cellular patches that remain attached to the membrane of cells for up to 2 days. NeutrAvidin-coated nanoparticles were anchored on cells possessing biotinylated plasma membrane. Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells with nanoparticulate patches retained their inherent tumoritropic properties as shown using a tumor model in a 3D extracellular matrix. Additionally, human umbilical vein endothelial cells with nanoparticulate patches were able to retain their functional properties and form multicellular structures as rapidly as unmodified endothelial cells. These results provide a novel strategy to actively deliver nanostructures and therapeutics to tumors utilizing stem cells as carriers and also suggest that nanoparticulate cellular patches may have applications in tissue regeneration.
Fibers for Next Generation High Spectral Efficiency Undersea Cable Systems (2010)

The capacity demands for future undersea cable networks will push the industry to WDM spectral efficiencies in excess of 1-B/s/Hz. This will require significant progress in optical fibers and signal processing.
Design for High Gain in Waveguide Amplifiers (2002)

Er203 is explored as a gain medium for ultra-compact waveguide amplifiers. With sputtered and annealed films, we measure three radiative lifetimes (7, 0.8,0.5 ms) and upconversion coefficients, correlating with three crystalline phases. Gains of &gt; 2.4 dB/cm are indicated from initial measurements.
Correction of chemical‐shift artifacts in 19F imaging of PFOB: A robust signed magnitude method (1992)

This paper describes a method for correcting the chemical-shift artifacts in 19F NMR imaging of perfluoroctylbromide emulsion (PFOB) by utilizing the two spectral peaks of PFOB which have a long T2 value in conjunction with the Dixon method. Corrected images are obtained from the magnitude of the measured images using the sign determined from the phase images. The method was tested in the presence of several phase deformation factors, such as static magnetic field inhomogeneity and inaccurate time shift of the pi refocusing pulse, which affect the phase errors of each pixel in the reconstructed image. The advantage of the signed magnitude method is demonstrated experimentally by comparing it with the currently used complex and magnitude summation/subtraction methods.
Motion blur removal in nonlinear sensors (2009)

We address the problem of motion blur removal from an image sequence that was acquired by a sensor with nonlinear response. Motion blur removal in purely linear settings has been studied extensively in the past. In practice however, sensors exhibit nonlinearities, which also need to be compensated for. In this paper we study the problem of joint motion blur removal and nonlinearity compensation. Two naive approaches for treating this problem are to apply the inverse of the nonlinearity prior to a deblurring stage or following it. These strategies require a preliminary motion estimation stage, which may be inaccurate for complex motion fields. Moreover, even if the motion parameters are known, we provide theoretical arguments and also show through simulations that theses methods yield unsatisfactory results. In this work, we propose an efficient iterative algorithm for joint nonlinearity compensation and motion blur removal. Our approach relies on a recently developed theory for nonlinear and nonideal sampling setups. Our method does not require knowledge of the motion responsible for the blur. We show through experiments the effectiveness of our method compared with alternative approaches.
PINDOC: Pedestrian Indoor Navigation System Integrating Deterministic, Opportunistic, and Cooperative Functionalities (2022)

In this paper, we present a Pedestrian Indoor Navigation system integrating Deterministic, Opportunistic, and Cooperative functionalities (PINDOC) for multi-agent navigation. The deterministic module produces a navigation solution for each agent by utilizing a Zero-velocity-UPdaTe (ZUPT)-aided Inertial Navigation System (INS) augmented with an altimeter and foot-to-foot range measurements. The opportunistic module augments the deterministic solutions with pseudorange measurements extracted from cellular Long-Term Evolution (LTE) signals. The navigation accuracy of each individual agent is further enhanced by cooperative localization using Ultra-WideBand (UWB)-based inter-agent range measurements. We developed a dedicated multi-sensor pedestrian navigation hardware testbed and conducted an experiment to evaluate the navigation performance of different combinations of components comprising PINDOC: ZUPT-aided INS, altimeter, foot-to-foot ranging, LTE signals, and inter-agent ranging. The experiment involved three agents, with one agent traversing a trajectory of 600 meters in 14 minutes, during which, the other two agents remained stationary. The traversed trajectory included terrains of flat surfaces, stairs, ramps, and elevators. The PINDOC system showed high accuracy, achieving a position Root-Mean-Squared Error (RMSE), maximum error, and final error of 0.93 m, 2.23 m, and 1.28 m over the 600-meter trajectory.
Critical role of phospholipase A2 group IID in age-related susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome–CoV infection (2015)

Oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation in the lungs are associated with aging and may contribute to age-related immune dysfunction. To maintain lung homeostasis, chronic inflammation is countered by enhanced expression of proresolving/antiinflammatory factors. Here, we show that age-dependent increases of one such factor in the lungs, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) group IID (PLA2G2D) with antiinflammatory properties, contributed to worse outcomes in mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Strikingly, infection of mice lacking PLA2G2D expression (Pla2g2d(-/-) mice) converted a uniformly lethal infection to a nonlethal one (>80% survival), subsequent to development of enhanced respiratory DC migration to the draining lymph nodes, augmented antivirus T cell responses, and diminished lung damage. We also observed similar effects in influenza A virus-infected middle-aged Pla2g2d(-/-) mice. Furthermore, oxidative stress, probably via lipid peroxidation, was found to induce PLA2G2D expression in mice and in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Thus, our results suggest that directed inhibition of a single inducible phospholipase, PLA2G2D, in the lungs of older patients with severe respiratory infections is potentially an attractive therapeutic intervention to restore immune function.
Endotoxin Exposure Is a Risk Factor for Asthma (2005)

This study demonstrates that household endotoxin exposure is a significant risk factor for increased asthma prevalence.
S ‐Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Deficiency Enhances the Proliferative Expansion of Adult Heart Progenitors and Myocytes Post Myocardial Infarction (2015)

Loss of GSNOR confers enhanced post-MI cardiac regenerative activity, characterized by enhanced turnover of cardiomyocytes and CSCs. Endogenous denitrosylases exert an inhibitory effect over cardiac repair mechanisms and therefore represents a potential novel therapeutic target.
Outage Detection for Distribution Networks Using Limited Number of Power Flow Measurements (2020)

Accurate topology estimation is crucial for effectively operating modern distribution networks. Line outages in a distribution network change the network topology by disconnecting some parts of the network from the main grid. In this paper, an outage detection (or topology estimation) algorithm for radial distribution networks is presented. The algorithm utilizes noisy power flow measurements collected from a subset of lines in the network, and statistical information characterizing errors in forecasting load demands. Additionally, a sensor placement scheme is presented. The sensor placement provides critical sensing for the outage detection algorithm so that any number of possible outages in the network can be detected. The performance of the proposed outage detection algorithm using the proposed sensor placement is demonstrated through several numerical results on the IEEE 123-node test feeder.
Formation of dynamic holograms based on spatial modulation of molecular motions of ferroelectric liquid crystals (2004)

The formation of dynamic holograms based on the spatial modulation of the molecular motions of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) was demonstrated. The consecutive rotational switching motion of FLC molecules under an alternating electric field was modulated by the photoinduced additional electric field built at the interference fringe. This spatially periodic difference in molecular motions of an FLC was confirmed to work as a diffraction grating. Since the motion-mode hologram is stable and the response is very fast when compared to photorefractive polymers, the motion-mode hologram appears to be promising for various photonic applications.
Intensification of Hydrothermal Biomass Fractionation with the Help of Oxygen: Kinetics and Modeling (2022)

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the oxygen atmosphere on hydrothermal fractionation of Norway spruce at 130–160 °C and 1–50 bar. The quantitative kinetics and qualitative aspects of the hemicellulose extraction were studied. The results show that the fractionation can be considerably enhanced already by low concentrations of oxygen. The ratio of lignin to hemicellulose extracted from the wood did not significantly vary with the gas atmosphere. A mathematical model was successfully developed for the extraction kinetics revealing an activation energy of 114 kJ/mol and 1/5 reaction order for the hydronium ion concentration and 1/7 reaction order for oxygen concentration. The method is easily applicable also to existing equipment and is nontoxic for obtaining extracts for use also in, for example, the alimentary and cosmetics industries, without the need for costly separation steps. Moreover, the process intensification results in increased energy, space, and time efficiency.
Modeling and stability analysis of a scaled telemanipulation system (2002)

When the scaled teleoperation is used, the stability issue becomes important due to the high gains in position or force scaling. We used two experimental methods to identify the stable region of position and force scaling factors of a one axis system having 4000:1 force scaling capability. We used a simple classical teleoperation control law. An indirect closed loop approach with ARX technique was used to model the nonlinear slave system with a flexible printed circuit cable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Next-Generation Polymer Solar Cell Materials: Designed Control of Interfacial Variables (2012)

Organic bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJSCs) are the focus of a burgeoning research effort. While extensive characterization is performed in the course of many reported experimental studies, correlation of performance and physical parameters among studies done in different laboratories is low, pointing out the need to address some aspects of BHJSC active materials that have received relatively little attention. This Perspective describes how a new polymer additive series described by Lobez et al. in this issue of ACS Nano, along with some emerging morphological tools and scanning electronic nanoprobes, can help fill in some of this needed insight. A brief statistical discussion of interstudy correlations and a summary of past work on additives and interfacial studies are presented.
Phase-shift-based time-delay estimators for proximity acoustic sensors (2002)

Time-delay estimation is important in a wide range of applications in oceanic engineering. In this paper, we present a novel time-delay estimation algorithm based on maximum likelihood theory for the case that the measurements are corrupted by colored or nonuniform zero-mean Gaussian noise. It turns out that the likelihood function associated with the problem is highly oscillatory, and we propose a computationally efficient technique to maximize this function. Our algorithm first obtains an initial estimate based on a smooth approximate cost function, and then refines this estimate based on the true cost function. Simulation results show that our estimator outperforms a traditional phaseshift based estimator, and that the estimation error approaches the Cramer-Rao bound when the SNR increases without bound.
Photoreactive Molecular Glue for Enhancing the Efficacy of DNA Aptamers by Temporary-to-Permanent Conjugation with Target Proteins (2021)

We developed a photoreactive molecular glue, <sup>BP</sup>Glue-N<sub>3</sub>, which can provide a universal strategy to enhance the efficacy of DNA aptamers by temporary-to-permanent stepwise stabilization of their conjugates with target proteins. As a proof-of-concept study, we applied <sup>BP</sup>Glue-N<sub>3</sub> to the SL1 (DNA aptamer)/c-Met (target protein) conjugate system. <sup>BP</sup>Glue-N<sub>3</sub> can adhere to and temporarily stabilize this aptamer/protein conjugate multivalently using its guanidinium ion (Gu<sup>+</sup>) pendants that form a salt bridge with oxyanionic moieties (e.g., carboxylate and phosphate) and benzophenone (BP) group that is highly affinitive to DNA duplexes. <sup>BP</sup>Glue-N<sub>3</sub> is designed to carry a dual-mode photoreactivity; upon exposure to UV light, the temporarily stabilized aptamer/protein conjugate reacts with the photoexcited BP unit of adhering <sup>BP</sup>Glue-N<sub>3</sub> and also a nitrene species, possibly generated by the BP-to-N<sub>3</sub> energy transfer in <sup>BP</sup>Glue-N<sub>3</sub>. We confirmed that SL1, covalently conjugated with c-Met, hampered the binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) onto c-Met, even when the SL1/c-Met conjugate was rinsed prior to the treatment with HGF, and suppressed cell migration caused by HGF-induced c-Met phosphorylation.
Cutting Edge: T Cells Respond to Lipopolysaccharide Innately via TLR4 Signaling (2007)

LPS, a molecule produced by Gram-negative bacteria, is known to activate both innate immune cells such as macrophages and adaptive immune B cells via TLR4 signaling. Although TLR4 is also expressed on T cells, LPS was observed not to affect T cell proliferation or cytokine secretion. We now report, however, that LPS can induce human T cells to adhere to fibronectin via TLR4 signaling. This response to LPS was confirmed in mouse T cells; functional TLR4 and MyD88 were required, but T cells from TLR2 knockout mice could respond to LPS. The human T cell response to LPS depended on protein kinase C signaling and involved the phosphorylation of the proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk-2) and p38. LPS also up-regulated the T cell expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, which led to inhibition of T cell chemotaxis toward the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (CXCL12). Thus, LPS, through TLR4 signaling, can affect T cell behavior in inflammation.
Novel Magnetically Levitated Two-Level Motor (2008)

Several processes in chemical, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and semiconductor industry require contactless levitation and rotation through a hermetically closed chamber wall. This paper presents a novel concept that combines crucial advantages such as high acceleration capability, large air gap, and a compact motor setup. The basic idea is to separate a homopolar bearing unit axially from a multipolar drive unit on two different height levels. Hence, the proposed concept is denominated as ldquomagnetically levitated two-level motor.rdquo In this paper, the bearing and drive functionalities are explained in detail and design guidelines are given based on analytic equations and electromagnetic 3-D simulations. Furthermore, the influence of nonidealities such as saturation and coupling effects is evaluated and included in the design. Finally, extensive measurements on an experimental prototype exemplify the design considerations and prove the excellent performance of the new concept.
Upregulation of IFNɣ-mediated chemokines dominate the immune transcriptome of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (2022)

Tumor inflammation is prognostically significant in high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To identify inflammation-associated immune gene expression patterns, we performed transcriptomic profiling of 40 MIBC archival tumors using the NanoString nCounter Human v.1.1 PanCancer Panel. Findings were validated using the TCGA MIBC dataset. Unsupervised and supervised clustering identified a distinctive immune-related gene expression profile for inflammation, characterized by significant upregulation of 149 genes, particularly chemokines, a subset of which also had potential prognostic utility. Some of the most enriched biological processes were lymphocyte activation and proliferation, leukocyte adhesion and migration, antigen processing and presentation and cellular response to IFN-γ. Upregulation of numerous IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, class II MHC molecules and immune checkpoint genes was detected as part of the complex immune response to MIBC. Further, B-cell markers linked to tertiary lymphoid structures were upregulated, which in turn is predictive of tumor response to immunotherapy and favorable outcome. Our findings of both an overall activated immune profıle and immunosuppressive microenvironment provide novel insights into the complex immune milieu of MIBC with inflammation and supports its clinical significance for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic responsiveness, which warrants further investigation. This may open novel opportunities to identify mechanisms for developing new immunotherapeutic strategies.
How Programmers Debug, Revisited: An Information Foraging Theory Perspective (2010)

Many theories of human debugging rely on complex mental constructs that offer little practical advice to builders of software engineering tools. Although hypotheses are important in debugging, a theory of navigation adds more practical value to our understanding of how programmers debug. Therefore, in this paper, we reconsider how people go about debugging in large collections of source code using a modern programming environment. We present an information foraging theory of debugging that treats programmer navigation during debugging as being analogous to a predator following scent to find prey in the wild. The theory proposes that constructs of scent and topology provide enough information to describe and predict programmer navigation during debugging, without reference to mental states such as hypotheses. We investigate the scope of our theory through an empirical study of 10 professional programmers debugging a real-world open source program. We found that the programmers' verbalizations far more often concerned scent-following than hypotheses. To evaluate the predictiveness of our theory, we created an executable model that predicted programmer navigation behavior more accurately than comparable models that did not consider information scent. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for enhancing software engineering tools.
5G Evolution Toward 5G Advanced: An overview of 3GPP releases 17 and 18 (2021)

The 3GPP has passed the midpoint in its work on its release 17 (Rel-17) specifications, with plans to publish them at the end of the first quarter of 2022. Meanwhile, the discussions on the scope of Rel-18 are well underway. In fact, 3GPP has already announced its decision to recognize Rel-18 as the first release of 5G Advanced to highlight the significant evolution of the 5G System (5GS) that it represents.
Advanced module for model parameter extraction using global optimization and sensitivity analysis for electron beam proximity effect correction (2012)

In electron proximity effect correction (PEC), the quality of a correction is highly dependent on the quality of the model. Therefore it is of primary importance to have a reliable methodology to extract the parameters and assess the quality of a model. Among others the model describes how the energy of the electrons spreads out in the target material (via the Point Spread Function, PSF) as well as the influence of the resist process. There are different models available in previous studies, as well as several different approaches to obtain the appropriate value for their parameters. However, those are restricted in terms of complexity, or require a prohibitive number of measurements, which is limited for a certain PSF model. In this work, we propose a straightforward approach to obtain the value of parameters of a PSF. The methodology is general enough to apply for more sophisticated models as well. It focused on improving the three steps of model calibration procedure: First, it is using a good set of calibration patterns. Secondly, it secures the optimization step and avoids falling into a local optimum. And finally the developed method provides an improved analysis of the calibration step, which allows quantifying the quality of the model as well as enabling a comparison of different models. The methodology described in the paper is implemented as specific module in a commercial tool.
Distributed quantization-estimation using wireless sensor networks (2005)

Wireless sensor networks deployed to perform surveillance and monitoring tasks have to operate under stringent energy and bandwidth limitations. These motivate well distributed estimation scenarios where sensors quantize and transmit only one, or a few bits per observation, for use in forming parameter estimators of interest. In a companion paper, we developed algorithms and studied interesting tradeoffs that emerge even in the simplest distributed setup of estimating a scalar location parameter in the presence of zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise of known variance. Herein, we derive distributed estimators based on binary observations along with their fundamental error-variance limits for more pragmatic signal models: i) known univariate but generally non-Gaussian noise probability density functions (pdfs); ii) known noise pdfs with a finite number of unknown parameters; and iii) practical generalizations to multivariate and possibly correlated pdfs. Estimators utilizing either independent or colored binary observations are developed and analyzed. Corroborating simulations present comparisons with the clairvoyant sample-mean estimator based on unquantized sensor observations, and include a motivating application entailing distributed parameter estimation where a WSN is used for habitat monitoring.