gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1.3 µm Traveling-Wave GaInNAs Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (2004)

We fabricated a GaInNAs semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) by applying a facet coating to a buried-ridge-stripe GaInNAs laser. Due to a low reflectivity (&lt;0.1%) and a wide bandwidth (70 nm) coating, Fabry–Perot (FP) modes of the GaInNAs laser were suppressed sufficiently, and thus a 1.3 µm traveling-wave GaInNAs SOA was realized for the first time. Peak chip gains of more than 9.6 dB and a 3-dB-gain bandwidth above 49 nm (9 THz) were obtained simultaneously with a cavity length between 600 µm and 900 µm. In addition, on/off ratios between 20 and 30 dB were obtained by switching the current on and off, which seems sufficient for the SOA to work as a switching device. With the temperature characteristics, we found that the ASE intensity and the gain coefficient of the GaInNAs SOA were much less dependent on temperature than those of conventional InP-based SOAs. These results demonstrate the superior temperature characteristics of the GaInNAs SOA compared with conventional InP-based SOAs.
Multi-Core Fiber Technology for SDM: Coupling Mechanisms and Design (2022)

Coupling mechanisms and design issues in multi-core fibers (MCFs) for space division multiplexing are described in this paper. For uncoupled MCFs, a design procedure that considers random structural perturbations and effects of correlation length and birefringence beat length on inter-core crosstalk are presented based on coupled mode theory. Further, for coupled MCFs, a numerical estimation method of modal dispersion is described, and the method to enhance random mode mixing is presented.
A Comparative Study of Yokeless and Segmented Armature Versus Single Sided Axial Flux PM Machine Topologies for Electric Traction (2021)

This article systematically compares two axial flux permanent magnet machines designed for a university student racing car application: a double-rotor single-stator yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) structure, and a single-stator single-rotor configuration. Both machines are optimized for minimum loss and active weight using three-dimensional finite element analysis and the highest performing candidate designs are compared in more detail. The studies indicate that the benefits offered by the YASA configuration over the single-stator single-rotor machine are achieved only for specific designs that are heavier. For the design space with lower mass, albeit with increased losses, the Pareto front designs overlap. In this envelope, the YASA configuration demonstrates higher efficiencies at higher speeds, whilst the single-stator single-rotor is more efficient in high torque duty cycles. This shows the performance of the two machines is very similar and the choice is application specific. To validate the finite element analysis used in the optimization, a prototype was built and tested. Results showed good alignment between simulation and experimental data.
Synthesis and properties of polyurethanes containing s‐triazine rings in the main chain (1989)

Abstract Eight new diisocyanate monomers containing s ‐triazine ring have been prepared from the parent diacids via the Curtius rearrangement of the corresponding diacyl azides. The parent diacids were synthesised by the reaction of p ‐ and m ‐hydroxybenzoic acid with 6‐methoxy‐2,4‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazine, 6‐phenoxy‐2,4‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazine, 6‐phenyl‐2,4‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazine, and 2‐diphenylamino‐4,6‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazine respectively. Polyurethanes have been synthesised by solution polymerization of these diisocyanates with ethylene glycol in N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAC). The resulting polymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy, viscosity measurement, solubility tests, and softening points.
Stress-dependent growth kinetics of ultraviolet-induced refractive index change and defect centers in highly Ge-doped SiO2 core fibers (1999)

The evolution of the index change of type-IIa gratings observed in 28 mol % Ge–SiO2 core fibers with 1.8 μm core diameter under various strains was measured from the optical spectra, and the induced defects at high and low strains were studied with electron spin resonance. Data will be presented to show that the index modulation (Δnmod) of type-IIa gratings is likely associated with Ge E′ centers.
Glycosylation Is Dispensable for Sorting of Synaptotagmin 1 but Is Critical for Targeting of SV2 and Synaptophysin to Recycling Synaptic Vesicles (2012)

Glycosylation is a major form of post-translational modification of synaptic vesicle membrane proteins. For example, the three major synaptic vesicle glycoproteins, synaptotagmin 1, synaptophysin, and SV2, represent ∼30% of the total copy number of vesicle proteins. Previous studies suggested that glycosylation is required for the vesicular targeting of synaptotagmin 1, but the role of glycosylation of synaptophysin and SV2 has not been explored in detail. In this study, we analyzed all glycosylation sites on synaptotagmin 1, synaptophysin, and SV2A via mutagenesis and optical imaging of pHluorin-tagged proteins in cultured neurons from knock-out mice lacking each protein. Surprisingly, these experiments revealed that glycosylation is completely dispensable for the sorting of synaptotagmin 1 to SVs whereas the N-glycans on SV2A are only partially dispensable. In contrast, N-glycan addition is essential for the synaptic localization and function of synaptophysin. Thus, glycosylation plays distinct roles in the trafficking of each of the three major synaptic vesicle glycoproteins.
Variation of velocity/field curve of GaAs in the temperature range 40–180°C (1969)

A high-power microwave technique has been used to measure the velocity/field characteristic of GaAs. A small increase in the threshold field has been observed when the temperature was increased from 40°C to 180°C.
Molecular Modeling and Docking Studies of the Oxytocin Receptor (2017)

The present study demonstrates that the 4LDE-based model may be suitable as a tool for the development of novel drugs targeting OXTR.
In vitro characterization of aggregation and adhesion properties of viable and heat-killed forms of two probiotic Lactobacillus strains and interaction with foodborne zoonotic bacteria, especially Campylobacter jejuni (2013)

Bacterial aggregation and/or adhesion are key factors for colonization of the digestive ecosystem and the ability of probiotic strains to exclude pathogens. In the present study, two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 and Lactobacillus farciminis CNCM-I-3699, were evaluated as viable or heat-killed forms and compared with probiotic reference Lactobacillus strains (Lb. rhamnosus GG and Lb. farciminis CIP 103136). The autoaggregation potential of both forms was higher than that of reference strains and twice that of pathogenic strains. The coaggregation potential of these two beneficial micro-organisms was evaluated against several pathogenic agents that threaten the global safety of the feed/food chain: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The strongest coaggregative interactions were demonstrated with Campylobacter spp. by a coaggregation test, confirmed by electron microscopic examination for the two forms. Viable forms were investigated for the nature of the bacterial cell-surface molecules involved, by sugar reversal tests and chemical and enzymic pretreatments. The results suggest that the coaggregation between both probiotic strains and C. jejuni CIP 70.2(T) is mediated by a carbohydrate-lectin interaction. The autoaggregation potential of the two probiotics decreased upon exposure to proteinase, SDS or LiCl, showing that proteinaceous components on the surface of the two lactobacilli play an important role in this interaction. Adhesion abilities of both Lactobacillus strains were also demonstrated at significant levels on Caco-2 cells, mucin and extracellular matrix material. Both viable and heat-killed forms of the two probiotic lactobacilli inhibited the attachment of C. jejuni CIP 70.2(T) to mucin. In conclusion, in vitro assays showed that Lb. rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 and Lb. farciminis CNCM-I-3699, as viable or heat-killed forms, are adherent to different intestinal matrix models and are highly aggregative in vitro with pathogens, especially Campylobacter spp., the most commonly reported zoonotic agent in the European Union. This study supports the need for further in vivo investigations to demonstrate the potential food safety benefits of Lb. rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 and Lb. farciminis CNCM-I-3699, live or heat-killed, in the global feed/food chain.
The Challenges Imposed by Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya to Brazil (2018)

Brazil has a well-established immunization program in which vaccines are provided through the Public Health System free of charge to the whole population, obtaining high coverage and reducing the incidence of important infectious diseases in children and adults. However, the environmental changes and high mobility rates of the population occurring in the last decades have triggered the sequential introduction of a series of vector-borne emerging infectious diseases, such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya, that have imposed a considerable burden on the population, with yet unmet solutions. The first to be introduced in Brazil was the Dengue virus, reaching epidemic levels in 2010, with over 1 million cases annually, maintaining high infection rates until 2016. Brazil has invested in vaccine development. The Zika virus infection, initially assumed to have appeared during the World Cup in 2014, was later shown to have arrived earlier in 2013. Its emergence mobilized the Brazilian scientific community to define priorities and strategies, that rapidly investigated mechanisms of pathogenesis, differential diagnostics, and determined that Zika virus infection <i>per se</i> causes relatively mild symptoms, however, in pregnant women can cause microcephaly in the newborns. The diagnostics of Zika infection is confusing given its similar symptoms and cross-reactivity with Dengue, which also hindered the appraisal of the extent of the epidemics, which peaked in 2015 and finished in 2016. Another complicating factor was the overlap with Chikungunya virus infection, which arrived in Brazil in 2014, being prevalent in the same regions, with similar symptoms to both Dengue and Zika. Although Dengue infection can be fatal and Zika infection in pregnant woman can lead to newborns with microcephaly or an array of neurodegenerative manifestations, the Chikungunya infection is a debilitating disease leaving chronic sequelae, which unfortunately has received less attention. Precise differential diagnostics of Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya will be necessary to evaluate the actual extent of each of these diseases during this overlapping period. Here we review the impact of these emerging infections on public health and how the scientific community was mobilized to deal with them in Brazil.
Instantaneous complex conjugate resolved spectral domain OCT using 3⨉3 fiber couplers (2004)

We demonstrate removal of the complex conjugate ambiguity in spectral domain OCT approaches (including swept source OCT and Fourier-domain OCT) by the use of a novel interferometer design based on 3⨉3 couplers.
Influence of morphology on the lasing behavior of pyrromethene 597 in a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal reflection grating (2006)

Interference lithography of polymer dispersed liquid crystals allows rapid, facile fabrication of complex polymeric photonic structures that have an inherent electro-optic component for agile structures. The polymerization mechanism (step-growth or chain growth) strongly influences the morphology of the LC droplet and distribution within the polymer matrix. Using a multi-functional acrylate monomer that undergoes chain growth polymerization leads to asymmetrical LC droplets of random size and distribution, in contrast to the step-growth mechanism of thiol-ene formation where LC droplets form with a nearly uniform size distribution and spherical shape. Thiol-ene holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) diffraction structures have narrower bandwidth and less baseline scatter than the acrylatebased H-PDLCs. Furthermore, distributed feedback lasers constructed from thiolene-based H-PDLC lasers show marked improvement in the optical and electro-optical properties as evinced by the factor of two decrease in switching voltage and the reduction of lasing threshold from 0.17 mJ cm<sup>-2</sup> to 0.07 mJ cm<sup>-2</sup>. These differences in optical and electro-optic properties directly correlate with the difference in microscale morphology of the H-PDLCs giving insight to the importance of microscale structure on macroscale phenomenon.
An All-Metal Micro-Relay With Bulk Foil Pt–Rh Contacts for High-Power RF Applications (2012)

This paper describes the performance of stainless-steel micro-relays, with platinum-rhodium metal foil contact elements, in handling high-power RF signals. The electrical and thermal responses are described for electrostatically actuated three-terminal micro-relays that are directly assembled on printed circuit boards. The preliminary designs have footprints of 6.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Fabricated relays have 90-V turn-on (pull-down) voltage. The down-state insertion loss and up-state isolation were better than 0.2 and 25 dB over the band of dc-5 GHz, respectively. The devices can accommodate incident RF power up to 18.5 W at 3 GHz when cooled by forced air from a mini-fan.
Nucleophilic Displacement at Benzhydryl Centers: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,1,Diarylalkyl Derivatives. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rotor losses in an ultra-high speed spinning ball motor (2016)

The ongoing miniaturization trend of electric machines demands for higher rotational speeds to provide a required power level at decreased size. The goal of this project is to push the limits of miniaturization by researching new concepts for bearingless machines with ultra-high rotational speeds exceeding 25 million rotations per minute (Mrpm). The employed sub-millimeter size spherical solid steel rotors are accelerated by the principle of a solid rotor induction machine. This study presents an analysis of the resulting eddy current losses and a thermal model of the rotor. The temperature of the rotor material is of interest, as it influences the achievable rotational speed at which failure of the rotor due to centrifugal loading occurs.
ChemInform Abstract: Limonylborane: The First Borabicyclane as a Chiral Hydroborating Agent. (1982)

Abstract Durch Hydroborierung von (+)‐Limonen (I) mit Monochlorboran (II) und anschließende Reduktion wird das bicyclische chirale Hydroborierungsreagenz (IV) hergestellt.
Delamination Propensity of Glass Containers for Pharmaceutical Use: A Round Robin Activity Looking for a Predictive Test (2018)

Delamination, which is the formation of flakes in drug products owing to specific and localized corrosion of glass vials, is a rare but serious problems, on which the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) put a warning to the pharma industry in 2011. The Technical Committee (TC) TC12 of the International Commission on Glass (ICG) was created in 2012 with the aim to study the problems related to pharma packaging. The first task of TC12 was to address the problem of predicting the propensity of glass vials to delamination, leaving the study of the mechanism(s) of flake formation as a possible future activity. This paper reports on the results obtained in a round robin test, which involved all the labs of the companies represented in the TC.Five types of vials with different expected delamination propensities were tested using a protocol that includes autoclaving at 121°C of vials filled with NaCl solution adjusted to pH 8 with NaOH solution, a coloration test, and ICP-OES determination of Si, B, and Al.Although there was no flake formation, the results showed that the combination of strong coloration at the bottom of the vials and high silicon concentration in the solution is correlated to an observable morphological modification/corrosion of the inner surface of vials in the bottom region. The test protocol is therefore useful for checking the quality of the vials with respect to the propensity to corrosion. Regarding delamination, no direct correlation with the testing results could be obtained yet. The method allows catching differences in the corrosion behavior, mainly between sets of vials with comparable surface:volume.<i>LAY ABSTRACT:</i> The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned the pharma industry about glass delamination inside primary packaging containers. Delamination is a type of glass corrosion that produces glass flakes, which could seriously affect patient health.Fortunately, delamination is a very rare event. On the other hand, it is very difficult to predict its occurrence. In 2012, the International Commission on Glass (ICG) created a Technical Committee (TC) on pharma packaging-with the initial goal to study an easy and reliable test for predicting the propensity of vials to delamination-involving the most important glass vial producers and pharma companies. This paper reports on the results obtained in a round robin test on different types of vials with different expected propensities to delamination. A specific testing protocol was adopted. In none of the vials, including those with an expected high propensity, glass flakes were observed, demonstrating that delamination is a rare event. However, the test is able to predict the occurrence of morphological modification/corrosion of the inner surface of vials in the bottom region. Therefore, the testing protocol is proposed as a method to evaluate differences in the corrosion behavior mainly between sets of vials with comparable surface:volume.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats imposes a narrow bottleneck (2021)

The evolutionary mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 viruses adapt to mammalian hosts and, potentially, undergo antigenic evolution depend on the ways genetic variation is generated and selected within and between individual hosts. Using domestic cats as a model, we show that SARS-CoV-2 consensus sequences remain largely unchanged over time within hosts, while dynamic sub-consensus diversity reveals processes of genetic drift and weak purifying selection. We further identify a notable variant at amino acid position 655 in Spike (H655Y), which was previously shown to confer escape from human monoclonal antibodies. This variant arises rapidly and persists at intermediate frequencies in index cats. It also becomes fixed following transmission in two of three pairs. These dynamics suggest this site may be under positive selection in this system and illustrate how a variant can quickly arise and become fixed in parallel across multiple transmission pairs. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in cats involved a narrow bottleneck, with new infections founded by fewer than ten viruses. In RNA virus evolution, stochastic processes like narrow transmission bottlenecks and genetic drift typically act to constrain the overall pace of adaptive evolution. Our data suggest that here, positive selection in index cats followed by a narrow transmission bottleneck may have instead accelerated the fixation of S H655Y, a potentially beneficial SARS-CoV-2 variant. Overall, our study suggests species- and context-specific adaptations are likely to continue to emerge. This underscores the importance of continued genomic surveillance for new SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as heightened scrutiny for signatures of SARS-CoV-2 positive selection in humans and mammalian model systems.
Characterizing the Impact of SNR Heterogeneity on Time-of-Arrival-Based Localization Outage Probability (2018)

In localization, an outage occurs if the positioning mean squared error (MSE) exceeds a pre-defined threshold ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> . For time-of-arrival-based localization, a key factor affecting the MSE is the relative positions of the anchors with respect to the target location. From a design point of view, characterizing the distribution of the MSE over an ensemble of anchor locations as seen from the perspective of a target is essential for providing probabilistic performance guarantees against outage. To solve this difficult problem, previous works have assumed all anchor-target links to have the same SNR (i.e., SNR homogeneity), which neglects the impact of link distance variation on the SNR and the positioning error; for instance, under an inverse-square law pathloss model, the outage probability can differ by orders of magnitude when compared with the homogeneous SNR assumption. In this paper, we derive an approximate expression for the MSE distribution under an inverse-square law pathloss model when the anchors are uniformly distributed around a target. Through simulations, we verify that our approximation can be used to estimate the number of anchors needed so that the outage probability is below 1%.
Effects of formulation types and application timing of benzobicyclon-mixture on weed control and phytotoxicity of rice (2013)

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two different formulations and application timings of benzobicyclon+penoxsulam+pyrzaosulfuron-ethyl (BPP) in rice field. BPP granule (GR) and tablet (TB) controlled more than 90% of four weed species 10 and 15 days after sowing in direct seeding when compared with untreated control. BPP TB was highly effective to control herbicide resistant Scirpus juncoides and Monochoria vaginalis both 10 and 15 days after transplanting (DAT). BPP GR controlled 94.0 and 96.5% of S. juncoides and M. vaginalis, respectively 10 DAT, but its efficacy decreased to 88.5 and 49.8% respectively 15 DAT. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at 255 and 510 g a.i./ha of BPP. The yield of rice increased in both BPP GR and TB in transplanting and direct seeding rice cultivation when compared with untreated control. Based on these data, early application (10 DAT) of BPP GR and TB can be applied to provide effective weed control, especially in the field infested with herbicide resistant weed species.
DNA structure and perturbation by drug binding (1987)

Research Article| April 01 1987 DNA structure and perturbation by drug binding S Neidle; S Neidle Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar L H Pearl; L H Pearl Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J V Skelly J V Skelly Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1987) 243 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2430001 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S Neidle, L H Pearl, J V Skelly; DNA structure and perturbation by drug binding. Biochem J 1 April 1987; 243 (1): 1–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2430001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 London: The Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.