gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cementless acetabular revision. Evaluation at an average of 10.5 years. (1990)

This study reviews the clinical and radiographic results of 138 consecutive cementless acetabular revisions in 131 patients performed for aseptic loosening at a mean of 10.5 years followup. Kaplan-Meier survivorship of these components was 84% at 11.5 years. Two components (1.8%) in two patients were considered aseptically loose based on radiographic criteria; one patient was symptomatic but the component was not revised because of the patient's poor health, and the other patient was asymptomatic. Pelvic osteolysis was present in 19 hips (17%), appearing at a mean of 103 months. All but two of these were small lesions (< 2 cm) at the periphery of the components. Nevertheless, the incidence of osteolysis has increased with time, and continued followup is warranted. Separation or fragmentation of the fiber-metal porous pads was uncommon (8.3%), but was significantly associated with pelvic osteolysis; this finding has not been reported before with this component. Five patients underwent late revision surgery (after 100 months), one for deep infection, one for periprosthetic femur fracture, and three for late recurrent dislocation. Harris hip scores averaged 81 points (good) at final followup, which is unchanged from the authors' last report on this group. Acetabular revision with a fiber-metal hemispherical component appears durable at a mean followup of more than 10 years.
Search for gravitational waves from low mass binary coalescences in the first year of LIGO’s S5 data (2009)

We have searched for gravitational waves from coalescing low mass compact binary systems with a total mass between $2{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ and $35{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ and a minimum component mass of $1{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ using data from the first year of the fifth science run of the three LIGO detectors, operating at design sensitivity. Depending on the mass, we are sensitive to coalescences as far as 150 Mpc from the Earth. No gravitational-wave signals were observed above the expected background. Assuming a population of compact binary objects with a Gaussian mass distribution representing binary neutron star systems, black hole--neutron star binary systems, and binary black hole systems, we calculate the 90% confidence upper limit on the rate of coalescences to be $3.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{yr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{L}_{10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{yr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{L}_{10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and $2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{yr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{L}_{10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively, where ${L}_{10}$ is ${10}^{10}$ times the blue solar luminosity. We also set improved upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescences per unit blue-light luminosity, as a function of mass.
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene detection using recombinant antibodies (2003)

The ability to detect low levels of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous samples is important due to the toxicity of both TNT and its breakdown products. We have been characterizing recombinant anti-TNT antibodies isolated from the Griffin library of phage displayed scFvs by selection for binders to the TNT-surrogate 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNB) coupled to the protein bovine serum albumin. Two candidate antibody fragments, TNB1 and TNB2, were isolated and evaluated by ELISA for their ability to bind to TNB coupled to the protein ovalbumin. Competition ELISA was then used to demonstrate antibody fragment binding to TNT in solution and to examine cross-reactivity towards several TNT-related compounds and other explosives. Both recombinant antibody fragments were incorporated into a continuous flow assay for the detection of TNT. TNB2, the best single chain antibody, showed a limit of detection of 1 ng ml(-1), comparable to a commercially available anti-TNT antibody in the same assay format.
Changes in Turkey Intestinal Tract Bacteria Associated with Dietary Change from Monensin to Bacitracin, Virginiamycin, or Bambermycin (2001)

In a field trial involving commercial turkeys whose feed was changed at 77 d of age from one containing monensin to one containing bacitracin, the intestinal counts for total aerobic bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, lactobacilli, total anaerobic bacteria, and clostridia were similar at flock ages of 28 to 91 d. At 109 to 120 d, the numbers of lactobacilli and clostridia, but not of the other bacterial groups, were higher. In another trial, turkeys were maintained on feed with monensin until the age of 56 d. They were then given feed containing no antimicrobial, monensin as before, or a growth-promoting antibiotic: virginiamycin, bambermycin (Flavomycin), or bacitracin. Bacterial numbers in the intestinal contents of birds killed 1 d before and 1, 3, 7, or 16 d after the change varied with bacterial group, intestinal site, and time after feed change. These changes were transient and not widespread. The numbers for each bacterial group were similar in birds given feed containing the growth-promoting antibiotics.
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection In Digital Pathology Using GANs (2021)

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are optimized for the distribution represented by the training data. For outlier data, they often deliver predictions with equal confidence, even though these should not be trusted. In order to deploy ML-based digital pathology solutions in clinical practice, effective methods for detecting anomalous data are crucial to avoid incorrect decisions in the outlier scenario. We propose a new unsupervised learning approach for anomaly detection in histopathology data based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). Compared to the existing GAN-based methods that have been used in medical imaging, the proposed approach improves significantly on performance for pathology data. Our results indicate that histopathology imagery is substantially more complex than the data targeted by the previous methods. This complexity requires not only a more advanced GAN architecture but also an appropriate anomaly metric to capture the quality of the reconstructed images.
Bistability in Photonic Crystal Defects (2002)

We present an analytical theory and computational experiments to demonstrate optical testability in a class of non-linear photonic crystal devices. Lengths of our devices are smaller than the wavelength of light, they can operate with only a few mW of power, and can be faster than 1ps.
A Negative Word-Line Voltage Negatively-Incremental Erase Pulse Scheme with ΔVTH = 1/6ΔVERASE for Enterprise Solid-State Drive Application Ferroelectric-NAND Flash Memories (2010)

A negative word-line voltage negatively-incremental erase pulse scheme is proposed for the enterprise solid-state drive (SSD) application ferroelectric (Fe)-NAND flash memories. The negative word-line voltage erase accelerates the erase pulse ramp-up from 1 ms of the conventional well erase to 2 µs and a 200 µs/page erase is realized. The erase characteristics with various erase pulse shape such as the fixed erase pulse, the variable time erase pulse, and the proposed negatively-incremental erase pulse for the Fe-NAND cells are investigated. With the proposed scheme, the erase voltage, V ERASE decreases by Δ V ERASE . The measured V TH shift, Δ V TH , is constant at 1/6Δ V ERASE , which is different from that of the floating-gate NAND cells where Δ V TH = Δ V ERASE . The mechanism of the constant Δ V TH is discussed with the major and the minor polarization–electric field curves. By combining the proposed negatively-incremental erase scheme with the bit-by-bit verify, a narrow erase V TH distribution of 0.07 V is achieved with Δ V ERASE of 0.4 V.
Measurements of NaI(Tl) Electron Response: Comparison of Different Samples (2009)

This paper measures the sample to sample variation in the light yield proportionality of NaI(Tl), and so explores whether this is an invariant characteristic of the material or whether it depends on the chemical and physical properties of the tested samples. We report on the electron response of nine crystals of NaI(Tl), differing in shape, volume, age, manufacturer and quality. The proportionality has been measured at the SLYNCI facility in the energy range between 3.5 to 460 keV. We observe that while samples produced by the same manufacturer at approximately the same time have virtually identical electron response curves, there are significant sample to sample variations among crystals produced by different manufacturers or at different times. In an effort to correlate changes in the electron response with details of the scintillation mechanism, we characterized other scintillation properties, including the gamma response and the x-ray excited emission spectra and decay times, for the nine crystals. While sample to sample differences in these crystals were observed, we have been unable to identify the underlying fundamental mechanisms that are responsible for these differences.
Cell-free expression of a mammalian olfactory receptor and unidirectional insertion into small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) (2013)

Although the identification of the multigene family encoding mammalian olfactory receptors were identified more than 20 years ago, we are far from understanding olfactory perception because of the difficulties in functional expression of these receptors in heterologous cell systems. Cell-free (CF) or in vitro expression systems offer an elegant alternative route to cell based protein expression, as the functional expression of membrane proteins can be directly achieved from the genetic template without the need of cell cultivation and protein isolation. Here we investigated in detail the cell-free expression and membrane insertion of the olfactory receptor OR5 in dependence of different experimental conditions like probing different origins of the cell-free expression system (from bacteria, via plants and insects toward mammalian system) and lipid composition of the respective extracts. We provided substantial biochemical indications by radioactive labeling based on [(35)S]-methionine, followed by proteolytic digestion, and we found that the insertion of the olfactory receptor OR5 into liposomes resulted in an unidirectional orientation with the binding side exposed into the aqueous space, resembling the native orientation in the cilia of the olfactory neurons. We report the different results in synthesis capacity for the different in vitro systems employed as we like to demonstrate the first in vitro kit toward and ex situ and ex vivo odorant receptor array.
Amino Acid-Derived Ligands for Transition Metals:  Catalysis via a Minimalist Interpretation of a Metalloprotein (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAmino Acid-Derived Ligands for Transition Metals: Catalysis via a Minimalist Interpretation of a MetalloproteinBrian Dangel, Michael Clarke, Jay Haley, Dalibor Sames, and Robin PoltView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 44, 10865–10866Publication Date (Web):November 5, 1997Publication History Received26 June 1997Published online5 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja972135jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja972135jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1151Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ligands,Metals,Molecules,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Printable enzyme-embedded materials for methane to methanol conversion (2016)

An industrial process for the selective activation of methane under mild conditions would be highly valuable for controlling emissions to the environment and for utilizing vast new sources of natural gas. The only selective catalysts for methane activation and conversion to methanol under mild conditions are methane monooxygenases (MMOs) found in methanotrophic bacteria; however, these enzymes are not amenable to standard enzyme immobilization approaches. Using particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO), we create a biocatalytic polymer material that converts methane to methanol. We demonstrate embedding the material within a silicone lattice to create mechanically robust, gas-permeable membranes, and direct printing of micron-scale structures with controlled geometry. Remarkably, the enzymes retain up to 100% activity in the polymer construct. The printed enzyme-embedded polymer motif is highly flexible for future development and should be useful in a wide range of applications, especially those involving gas-liquid reactions.
Inhibition of the AIF/CypA complex protects against intrinsic death pathways induced by oxidative stress (2014)

Delayed neuronal cell death largely contributes to the progressive infarct development and associated functional impairments after cerebral ischemia or brain trauma. Previous studies exposed a key role for the interaction of the mitochondrial protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytosolic cyclophilin A (CypA) in pathways of programmed cell death in neurons in vitro and in vivo. These studies suggested that pro-apoptotic activities of AIF, such as its translocation to the nucleus and subsequent DNA degradation, depend on the physical interaction of AIF with CypA. Hence, this protein complex may represent a new pharmacological target for inhibiting the lethal action of AIF on the brain tissue. In this study, we show that the AIF amino-acid residues 370-394 mediate the protein complex formation of AIF with CypA. The synthetic AIF(370-394) peptide inhibited AIF/CypA complex formation in vitro by binding CypA with a K(D) of 12 μM. Further, the peptide exerted pronounced neuroprotective effects in a model of glutamate-induced oxidative stress in cultured HT-22 cells. In this model system of AIF-dependent cell death, the AIF(370-394) peptide preserved mitochondrial integrity, as detected by measurements of the mitochondrial membrane potential and quantification of mitochondrial fragmentation. Further, the AIF(370-394) peptide inhibited perinuclear accumulation of fragmented mitochondria, mitochondrial release of AIF to the nucleus and glutamate-induced cell death to a similar extent as CypA-siRNA. These data indicate that the targeting of the AIF-CypA axis is an effective strategy of neuroprotection.
Structure-activity relationships for the carboxy-terminus-truncated analogs of angiotensin II, a new class of angiotensin II antagonists (1990)

A series of analogues of the recently reported angiotensin II (AII) antagonist [Sar1]AII-(1-7)-amide or des-Phe8[Sar1]AII (3) have been prepared by solid-phase synthesis and purified by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The agonist and antagonist properties of these carboxy-truncated analogues of AII were determined in the isolated rabbit aorta assay. In the analogues tested, replacement of aspartic acid in position 1 by sarcosine was found necessary to produce significant antagonist activity. At position 7 of the des-Phe8 analogues, prolinamide could be replaced by proline without significant change in the biological activity. However, substitution of 7-prolinamide by either glycinamide or sarcosinamide provided inactive peptides. Methylation of the 4-tyrosine in [Sar1]AII-(1-7)-NH2 preserved the antagonist potency in isolated rabbit aorta. Deletion of the proline at position 7 resulted in inactive hexapeptides, both in the Asp1 and Sar1 series. However synthesis of the N,N-dimethyl amide at the N-terminus afforded hexapeptide [Sar1]AII-(1-6)-N(CH3)2 (10) with a pA2 value of 7.05. All the antagonistic peptides synthesized were fully reversible, competitive antagonists in vitro. These findings indicate that the structural requirements for receptor blockade by these C-truncated analogues are quite stringent with respect to the nature of the amino acid at positions 1 and 6/7. The analogues 2, 3, 7, 10, 11 (saralasin), and 12 (sarmesin) were tested in vivo in the anesthetized rat and were found to inhibit the AII pressor response. In addition, 3 inhibited angiotensin II stimulated aldosterone release from isolated rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells and had no agonist activity by itself at the doses tested. Interestingly, analogue 3, when injected intracerebroventricularly in conscious rats, failed to antagonize the dipsogenic response to an angiotensin II icv injection and this reflects some heterogeneity in the AII receptor population. Peptide 3 is the first example of an antagonist that discriminates between peripheral and brain receptor subtypes.
Resolving the size of ice-nucleating particles with a balloon deployable aerosol sampler: the SHARK (2019)

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) affect cloud development, lifetime and radiative properties, hence it is important to know the abundance of INPs throughout the atmosphere. A critical factor in determining the lifetime and transport of INPs is their size, however very little size-resolved atmospheric INP concentration information exists. This is especially so in the free troposphere. Here we present the development and application of a radio-controlled payload capable of collecting size-resolved aerosol from a tethered balloon for the primary purpose of offline INP analysis. This payload, known as the SHARK (Selective Height Aerosol Research Kit), consists of two complementary cascade impactors for aerosol size-segregation from 0.25 to 10 µm, with an after-filter and top stage to collect particles below and above this range at flow rates up to 100 L min-1. The SHARK also contains an optical particle counter to quantify aerosol size distribution between 0.38 and 10 µm, and a radiosonde for the measurement of temperature, pressure, GPS altitude, and relative humidity. This is all housed within a weatherproof box, can be run from batteries for up to 11 h and has a total weight of 9 kg. The radio control and live data link with the radiosonde allow the user to start and stop sampling depending on meteorological conditions and height, which can, for example, allow the user to avoid sampling in very humid or cloudy air, even when the SHARK is out of sight. While the collected aerosol could, in principle, be studied with an array of analytical techniques, this study demonstrates that the collected aerosol can be analysed with an off-line droplet freezing instrument to determine size-resolved INP concentrations, activated fractions and active site densities, producing similar results to those obtained using a standard PM10 aerosol sampler when summed over the appropriate size range. Test data is presented from four contrasting locations having very different size resolved INP spectra: Hyytiälä (Southern Finland), Leeds (Northern England), Longyearbyen (Svalbard), and Cardington (Southern England).
A natural human monoclonal antibody targeting Staphylococcus Protein A protects against Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (2018)

Staphylococcus aureus can cause devastating and life-threatening infections. With the increase in multidrug resistant strains, novel therapies are needed. Limited success with active and passive immunization strategies have been attributed to S. aureus immune evasion. Here, we report on a monoclonal antibody, 514G3, that circumvents a key S. aureus evasion mechanism by targeting the cell wall moiety Protein A (SpA). SpA tightly binds most subclasses of immunoglobulins via their Fc region, neutralizing effector function. The organism can thus shield itself with a protective coat of serum antibodies and render humoral immunity ineffective. The present antibody reactivity was derived from an individual with natural anti-SpA antibody titers. The monoclonal antibody is of an IgG3 subclass, which differs critically from other immunoglobulin subclasses since its Fc is not bound by SpA. Moreover, it targets a unique epitope on SpA that allows it to bind in the presence of serum antibodies. Consequently, the antibody opsonizes S. aureus and maintains effector function to enable natural immune mediated clearance. The data presented here provide evidence that 514G3 antibody is able to successfully rescue mice from S. aureus mediated bacteremia.
Discovery of a Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitor and Activity-Based Probe for the Deubiquitylating Enzyme UCHL1, with Antifibrotic Activity (2020)

Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a deubiquitylating enzyme that is proposed as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegeneration, cancer, and liver and lung fibrosis. Herein we report the discovery of the most potent and selective UCHL1 probe (IMP-1710) to date based on a covalent inhibitor scaffold and apply this probe to identify and quantify target proteins in intact human cells. IMP-1710 stereoselectively labels the catalytic cysteine of UCHL1 at low nanomolar concentration in cells. We further demonstrate that potent and selective UCHL1 inhibitors block pro-fibrotic responses in a cellular model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, supporting the potential of UCHL1 as a potential therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases.
HIV self-testing with digital supports as the new paradigm: A systematic review of global evidence (2010–2021) (2021)

HIVST with digital supports was deemed feasible, acceptable, preferable, and was shown to increase uptake, engage first-time testers and hard-to-reach populations, and successfully link participants to treatment. Findings pave the way for greater use of HIVST interventions with digital supports globally.
Data from A PSMA-Targeting CD3 Bispecific Antibody Induces Antitumor Responses that Are Enhanced by 4-1BB Costimulation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Patients with hematologic cancers have improved outcomes after treatment with bispecific antibodies that bind to CD3 on T cells and that redirect T cells toward cancer cells. However, clinical benefit against solid tumors remains to be shown. We made a bispecific antibody that targets both the common prostate tumor–specific antigen PSMA and CD3 (PMSAxCD3) and provide evidence for tumor inhibition in several preclinical solid tumor models. Mice expressing the human extracellular regions of CD3 and PSMA were generated to examine antitumor efficacy in the presence of an intact immune system and PSMA expression in normal tissues. PSMAxCD3 accumulated in PSMA-expressing tissues and tumors as detected by immuno-PET imaging. Although PSMAxCD3 induced T-cell activation and showed antitumor efficacy in mice with low tumor burden, PSMAxCD3 lost efficacy against larger solid tumors, mirroring the difficulty of treating solid tumors in the clinic. Costimulatory receptors can enhance T-cell responses. We show here that costimulation can enhance the antitumor efficacy of PSMAxCD3. In particular, 4-1BB stimulation in combination with PSMAxCD3 enhanced T-cell activation and proliferation, boosted efficacy against larger tumors, and induced T-cell memory, leading to durable antitumor responses. The combination of CD3 bispecific antibodies and anti-4-1BB costimulation represents a therapeutic approach for the treatment of solid tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;