gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyester-based ink platform with tunable bioactivity for 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds (2018)

In this work, we synthesized a novel polymeric biomaterial platform with tunable functionalizability for extrusion-based 3D printing. Biodegradable polymers were synthesized using 4-hydroxyphenethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (HTy), which is derived from Tyrosol and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. p-Phenylenediacetic acid (PDA) was introduced to enhance crystallinity. To enable functionalizability without deteriorating printability, glutamic acid derivatives were introduced into the polymer design, forming copolymers including poly(HTy-co-45%PDA-co-5%Gluhexenamide ester) (HP5GH), poly(HTy-co-45%PDA-co-5%Glupentynamide ester) (HP5GP), and poly(HTy-co-45%PDA-co-5%BocGlu ester) (HP5BG). The resulting polymers have: two melting temperatures (125-131 °C and 141-147 °C), Young's moduli of 1.9-2.4 GPa, and print temperatures of 170-190 °C. The molecular weight (Mw) loss due to hydrolytic degradation was gradual with ∼30% Mw retained after 25 weeks for HP5BG, whereas it was much faster for HP5GP and HP5GH with only 18% Mw retained after 8 weeks. HP5GH and HP5GP were successfully functionalized in solution (bulk) or on the surface using click-based chemistry. Finally, the utilization of this novel platform was demonstrated by studying osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using 3D printed scaffolds from HP5GP. Scaffolds were functionalized with azide-Heparin (az-Heparin) to bind and deliver bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). This sample group significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs as compared to unfunctionalized scaffolds incubated directly with az-Heparin or BMP-2 prior to cell culture. This novel polymer platform with tunable functionalizability could be utilized for additive manufacturing of biodegradable devices and scaffolds with tailored mechanical and bioactive properties for a wide range of medical applications including bone fixation devices and scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Characterisation of the PMD distribution along optical fibres by a POTDR (2008)

Fibre links in an optical network generally comprise several relatively short fibre segments which have been spliced together in cables. These fibre segments or ldquosectionsrdquo are assembled with optical connectors and have lengths of some tens of kilometres. The characteristic parameters of the fibre sections are attenuation, chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarisation mode dispersion (PMD). However, PMD of the optical fibres can hamper the upgrade of the optical b0ackbone network towards higher data rates of 40 Gbit/s and beyond. The PMD distribution along a buried fibre link is not a constant and can also significantly vary between the different fibres of the same optical cable. In the absence of such spatial information, the whole cable with higher PMD-values may have to be replaced in order to transmit 40 Gbit/s transparently over long distances. But investigations have shown that frequently localized pieces of the section are the major contributors to the overall high PMD value of the whole fibre, rendering the link unsuitable for higher data rates. A new random-scrambling polarization optical time domain reflectometry (POTDR) measurement technique is used to investigate the spatial distribution of the cumulative PMD in deployed fibres. Results help to identify high-PMD fibre pieces or sections which need to be replaced to enable 40 Gbit/s transmission and beyond, rather than substitution of a whole fibre link.
Current Status of COVID‐19 (Pre)Clinical Vaccine Development (2020)

The current COVID-19 pandemic has a tremendous impact on daily life world-wide. Despite the ability to dampen the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the diseases, through restrictive interventions, it is believed that only effective vaccines will provide sufficient control over the disease and revert societal live back to normal. At present, a double-digit number of efforts are devoted to the development of a vaccine against COVID-19. Here, we provide an overview of these (pre)clinical efforts and provide background information on the technologies behind these vaccines. In addition, we discuss potential hurdles that need to be addressed prior to mass scale clinical translation of successful vaccine candidates.
Intragastric Meal Distribution During Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy for Assessment of Fundic Accommodation: Correlation with Symptoms of Gastroparesis (2017)

Impaired fundic accommodation (FA) limits fundic relaxation and the ability to act as a reservoir for food. Assessing intragastric meal distribution (IMD) during gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) allows for a simple measure of FA. The 3 goals of this study were to evaluate trained readers' (nuclear medicine and radiology physicians) visual assessments of FA from solid-meal GES; develop software to quantify GES IMD; and correlate symptoms of gastroparesis with IMD and gastric emptying. <b>Methods:</b> After training to achieve a consensus interpretation of GES FA, 4 readers interpreted FA in 148 GES studies from normal volunteers and patients. Mixture distribution and κ-agreement analyses were used to assess reader consistency and agreement of scoring of FA. Semiautomated software was used to quantify IMD (ratio of gastric counts in the proximal stomach to those in the total stomach) at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after ingestion of a meal. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis was performed to optimize the diagnosis of abnormal IMD at 0 min (IMD<sup>0</sup>) with impaired FA. IMD<sup>0</sup>, GES, water load testing, and symptoms were then compared in 177 patients with symptoms of gastroparesis. <b>Results:</b> Reader pairwise weighted κ-values for the visual assessment of FA averaged 0.43 (moderate agreement) for normal FA versus impaired FA. Readers achieved 84.0% consensus and 85.8% reproducibility in assessing impaired FA. IMD<sup>0</sup> based on the division of the stomach into proximal and distal halves averaged 0.809 (SD, 0.083) for normal FA and 0.447 (SD, 0.132) (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for impaired FA. On the basis of receiver-operating-characteristic analysis, the optimal cutoff for IMD<sup>0</sup> discrimination of normal FA from impaired FA was 0.568 (sensitivity, 86.7%; specificity, 91.7%). Of 177 patients with symptoms of gastroparesis, 129 (72.9%) had delayed gastric emptying; 25 (14.1%) had abnormal IMD<sup>0</sup> Low IMD<sup>0</sup> (impaired FA) was associated with increased early satiety (<i>P</i> = 0.02). <b>Conclusion:</b> FA can be assessed visually during routine GES with moderate agreement and high reader consistency. Visual and quantitative assessments of FA during GES can yield additional information on gastric motility to help explain patients' symptoms.
Well-Controlled Living Polymerization of Perylene-Labeled Polyisoprenes and Their Use in Single-Molecule Imaging (2006)

Functionalized perylene derivatives were synthesized with one or two alkoxyamine units. These compounds were used as initiators in the well-controlled living radical polymerization of isoprene, resulting in polymers with a perylene dye located at either the middle or end of the polymer. Using this approach, polyisoprenes were prepared with similar molecular weights, low polydispersities, and very good initiator efficiencies. Labeled chains were imaged on the single-molecule level in hosts of unlabeled polymer with similar composition. On the time scale from 0.2 to 2−5 s no difference between center- and end-positioned dyes was observed, suggesting that the dynamics outside of this time range should be studied. However, the most rigid host material led to the longest observed correlation times and the highest fraction of fluorophores that exhibited blinking behavior.
TUTORIAL : Alternatives in efficient protocol implementations for high speed networks (1992)

This study was designed to isolate, characterize, and culture human spermatogonia. Using immunohistochemistry on tubule sections, we localized GPR125 to the plasma membrane of a subset of the spermatogonia. Immunohistochemistry also showed that MAGEA4 was expressed in all spermatogonia (A(dark), A(pale), and type B) and possibly preleptotene spermatocytes. Notably, KIT was expressed in late spermatocytes and round spermatids, but apparently not in human spermatogonia. UCHL1 was found in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia, whereas POU5F1 was not detected in any of the human germ cells. GFRA1 and ITGA6 were localized to the plasma membrane of the spermatogonia. Next, we isolated GPR125-positive spermatogonia from adult human testes using a two-step enzymatic digestion followed by magnetic-activated cell sorting. The isolated GPR125-positive cells coexpressed GPR125, ITGA6, THY1, and GFRA1, and they could be cultured for short periods of time and exhibited a marked increase in cell numbers as shown by a proliferation assay. Immunocytochemistry of putative stem cell genes after 2 wk in culture revealed that the cells were maintained in an undifferentiated state. MAPK1/3 phosphorylation was increased after 2 wk of culture of the GPR125-positive spermatogonia compared to the freshly isolated cells. Taken together, these results indicate that human spermatogonia share some but not all phenotypes with spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and progenitors from other species. GPR125-positive spermatogonia are phenotypically putative human SSCs and retain an undifferentiated status in vitro. This study provides novel insights into the molecular characteristics, isolation, and culture of human SSCs and/or progenitors and suggests that the MAPK1/3 pathway is involved in their proliferation.
Computational Methods and Models in Circulatory and Reproductive Systems (2016)

The circulatory and reproductive systems can be considered as tubular transport systems of blood cells and gametes, respectively. Both systems involve complex flows and fluid-structure interactions of large displacements and large deformations. In addition, multiple scales and multiple processes need to be considered. Because of their importance in health and fundamentals, great effort has been put in developing numerical methods for these systems and in understanding the underlying flow physics. In spite of the many achievements, it is still a challenge to model these systems accurately using numerical methods. Moreover, there still remains much concerted development towards grasping the complicated flow physics within such systems by using advanced numerical methods and mathematical models. Therefore, the goal of this special issue was to collect together recent contributions on the development of numerical methods for complex flows and fluid-structure interaction in circulatory and reproductive systems and/or on addressing the complicated flow physics and heat and mass transfer in these systems for fundamental understanding as well as engineering applications. The papers can be divided into three groups as detailed below.
Influence of animated reality mixing techniques on user experience (2014)

We investigate the influence of motion effects in the domain of mobile Augmented Reality (AR) games on user experience and task performance. The work focuses on evaluating responses to a selection of synthesized camera oriented reality mixing techniques for AR, such as motion blur, defocus blur, latency and lighting responsiveness. In our cross section of experiments, we observe that these measures have a significant impact on perceived realism, where aesthetic quality is valued. However, lower latency records the strongest correlation with improved subjective enjoyment, satisfaction, and realism, and objective scoring performance. We conclude that the reality mixing techniques employed are not significant in the overall user experience of a mobile AR game, except where harmonious or convincing blended AR image quality is consciously desired by the participants.
RESTORATION OF SELF-SUSTAINING GRAVEL BAR AT TAMAGASHI AREA IN THE ASAHI RIVER (2011)

In the Asahi River, after the dam construction, flood disturbances on the river bed have reduced and stable vegetated areas have expanded on river bars. Because a development of riparian forest has reduced the number of gravel bars, peculiar river environments such as a diversity of river and a natural ecosystem have decreased. Furthermore, the developed riparian forest has degraded a riverscape and has reduced flood capacity. Artificial removal of vegetation is usually adopted to reproduce gravel bar, however self-sustaining gravel bar can not be well maintained in some cases. Therefore, to restore self-sustaining gravel bar is very important engineering problem. In this study, the effective management methods to maintain gravel bar at Tamagashi area in the Asahi River were proposed and the effects of them were investigated using two-dimensional flood flow simulation.
Advances in Type 1 Diabetes Ocular Remote Tele-Health Screening (2017)

Background: Type 1 diabetes affects approximately 3 million Americans. Subjects are on average 14-years-old at time of diagnosis. It is a systemic, chronic condition that has retinal complications. Yearly ophthalmic consultation is important to maintaining adequate ocular health. The National Institute of Health (NIH) estimates that about half of individuals affected by diabetes are not aware they have some level of retinopathy. 1 The goal of community base remote screenings is to identify at risk individuals and refer them for comprehensive clinical evaluation and possible intervention. Methods: Retinal screenings were conducted in July 2016 in conjunction with annual Friends for Life convention organized by Children with Diabetes (http://www.childrenwithdiabetes. com). In total, 218 participants were included in a comprehensive retinal screening. Self-reported baseline measurements of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), visual acuity and pupil size were recorded. An auto-refractor (Canon, Tokyo, Japan) and automated puff tonometer (Canon, Tokyo, Japan) were used to note visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP). Imaging modalities used to assess ocular health included a spectral domain ocular coherence tomography (OCT) (Optovue, iVue, Fremont, California, USA), ocular coherence tomographyangiography (Optovue, iVue, Fremont, California, USA), and a non-mydriatic retinal camera (Canon, Tokyo, Japan). Results: Our ocular screening included 218 participants, 61%female and 39% male. Ages ranged from 4 to 73 with an average of 1912.8 years. The average blood pressure was 111/70. HbA1C ranged from 5.1 to 13.0 with an average of 7.61.16. Average duration of diabetes for all subjects was 10 years. Most subjects on average had been using insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring devices (CGM) for 7 and 3.5 years respectively. Of the 218 subjects ten had dot hemorrhages, three had flame hemorrhages and one had intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs) affecting at least one eye. One subject required emergency referral to medical retina while 15 were referred for anterior segment evaluation for nuclear sclerosis. Conclusions: Comprehensive remote screenings including OCT, OCT-A and non-mydriatic retinal evaluation can provide a quick, efficient way to assess ocular health in T1DM. Yearly ophthalmic consultation can help detect retinal health at an early stage and better implement lifestyle modifications to minimize further complications.
Designing mixed-product assembly lines (2000)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the main problems concerning the design and operation of mixed-product assembly lines. We will focus on the design of assembly lines, which is most of the time composed in three steps. The first is the elaboration of the logical layout of the line, which consists in the distribution of operations among workstations along the line. The second is the choice of the most efficient product mix and production sequence in relation to the operation phase. The third is the subsequent elaboration of the physical layout of the line, i.e., deciding about the disposition of the workstations, conveyor(s), possible buffers, etc., on the shop floor. In this paper, the accent will be put exclusively on the first two steps. The concept of balance for ordering (BFO) is introduced to solve these two interrelated problems. After an overview of the current work in this area, this paper presents in detail a very promising approach to solve the BFO: the grouping and ordering genetic algorithms (genetic algorithms heavily modified to solve grouping/ordering problems). In all cases, the main concern is the quality of the resulting line in terms of cost and its suitability to the line designer's needs (special user preferences are followed as closely as possible). Academic and experimental results are presented, and they confirm the efficiency of the proposed approaches.
Ti-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Unsaturated α-Amino Nitriles, Amides, and Acids. Catalyst Identification through Screening of Parallel Libraries (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTi-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Unsaturated α-Amino Nitriles, Amides, and Acids. Catalyst Identification through Screening of Parallel LibrariesJames R. Porter, Wolfgang G. Wirschun, Kevin W. Kuntz, Marc L. Snapper, and Amir H. HoveydaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 11, 2657–2658Publication Date (Web):March 7, 2000Publication History Received29 November 1999Published online7 March 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja994121ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja994121erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1700Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Catalysts,Inorganic carbon compounds,Ligands,Nitrogen compounds Get e-Alerts
Phase variance optical coherence microscopy for label-free imaging of the developing vasculature in zebrafish embryos (2016)

A phase variance optical coherence microscope (pvOCM) has been created to image blood flow in the microvasculature of zebrafish embryos, without the use of exogenous labels. The pvOCM imaging system has axial and lateral resolutions of 2.8 ?? ? m in tissue and imaging depth of more than 100 ?? ? m . Images of 2 to 5 days postfertilization zebrafish embryos identified the detailed anatomical structure based on OCM intensity contrast. Phase variance contrast offered visualization of blood flow in the arteries, veins, and capillaries. The pvOCM images of the vasculature were confirmed by direct comparisons with fluorescence microscopy images of transgenic embryos in which the vascular endothelium is labeled with green fluorescent protein. The ability of pvOCM to capture activities of regional blood flow permits it to reveal functional information that is of great utility for the study of vascular development.
Vascular anomalies in patients with growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: illustrative case report and systematic review of the literature (2022)

There is an association between acromegaly and endothelial dysfunction, which increases cardiovascular risk factors and vascular anomalies. Preoperative vascular imaging, e.g., CT angiography, should be implemented as a standard to identify patients at risk and estimate surgical morbidity. However, no evidence-based recommendations exist so far, so future studies are necessary.
Speech and hearing for the next billion users (2021)

Speech recognition has not withered in the years since John Pierce's 1969 editorial. Far from it, speech recognition is everywhere, and now works very reliably, even when speaking to a speech assistant in another room with music playing in the background. If the current speech technology is widely available to billions of users, then the next frontier is to provide the same technology to the next billion users (NBUs). In addition, all of us have limited capabilities to speak and understand the acoustic world around us, whether it rises to the level to be labeled a real disability, or arises due to fatigue or being distracted. The next frontier for speech and hearing is to accommodate all of our needs, disabled or not as they arise in the real world, for not just the first billion users, but the next billion, and the next billion after that. The available technologies include real-time speech recognition (and translation) for the hard of hearing, real-time speech enhancement, and auditory attention decoding from EEG signals.
Design and testing of kinetic inductance detector package for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper (2022)

The Terahertz Intensity Mapper (TIM) is designed to probe the star formation history in dust-obscured star-forming galaxies around the peak of cosmic star formation. This will be done via measurements of the redshifted 157.7 µm line of singly ionized carbon ([CII]). TIM employs two R~250 long-slit grating spectrometers covering 240 to 420 µm. Each is equipped with a focal plane unit containing four wafer-sized subarrays of horn-coupled aluminum kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). We present the design and performance of a prototype focal plane assembly for one of TIM’s KID-based subarrays. The overall detector package must satisfy thermal and mechanical requirements, while maintaining high optical efficiency and a suitable electromagnetic environment for the KIDs. In particular, our design manages to strictly maintain a 50 µm air gap between the array and the horn block. The prototype detector housing in combination with the first flight-like quadrant were tested at 250 mK. A frequency scan using a vector network analyzer shows 823 resonance features, which represents &gap;90% yield, indicating a good performance of our TIM detector wafer and the whole focal plane unit. Initial measurements also showed that many resonances were affected by collisions and/or very shallow transmission dips as a result of a degraded internal quality factor. This is attributed to the presence of an external magnetic field during cooldown. We report on a study of magnetic field dependence of the quality factor of our quadrant array. We implemented a Helmholtz coil to vary the magnetic field at the detectors by (partially) nulling earth’s. Our investigation shows that the earth magnetic field can significantly affect our KIDs’ performance by degrading the quality factor by a factor of two to five, well below those expected from the operational temperature or optical loading. We find that we can sufficiently recover our detectors’ quality factor by tuning the current in the coils to generate a field that matches earth’s magnetic field in magnitude to within a few µT. We emphasize that it is impractical to fly a Helmholtz coil on TIM and dynamically “null” earth’s. Therefore, it is necessary to employ a properly designed magnetic shield enclosing the TIM focal plane unit. Based on the results presented in this paper, we set a shielding requirement of |B| &lap;3 µT.