gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On solution-free sets of integers II (2016)

Given a linear equation $\mathcal{L}$, a set $A \subseteq [n]$ is $\mathcal{L}$-free if $A$ does not contain any `non-trivial' solutions to $\mathcal{L}$. We determine the precise size of the largest $\mathcal{L}$-free subset of $[n]$ for several general classes of linear equations $\mathcal{L}$ of the form $px+qy=rz$ for fixed $p,q,r \in \mathbb N$ where $p \geq q \geq r$. Further, for all such linear equations $\mathcal{L}$, we give an upper bound on the number of maximal $\mathcal{L}$-free subsets of $[n]$. In the case when $p=q\geq 2$ and $r=1$ this bound is exact up to an error term in the exponent. We make use of container and removal lemmas of Green to prove this result. Our results also extend to various linear equations with more than three variables.
Noise-induced intermittent cellular patterns on circular domains (2006)

We study the effects of thermal noise in a stochastic Langevin formulation of a typical example of a pattern-forming system with two-dimensional circular domain. A greater tendency towards dynamic cellular states is observed when the pattern-forming system is subjected to noise, which seems to explain the prevailing behavior of related laboratory experiments. We also report on two-dimensional numerical observations of certain dynamic states, homoclinic intermittent states, which until now, had only been observed in laboratory experiments.
Determining when a set of compute nodes participating in a barrier operation on a parallel computer are ready to exit the barrier operation (2023)

Methods, apparatus, and products are disclosed for determining when a set of compute nodes participating in a barrier operation on a parallel computer are ready to exit the barrier operation that includes, for each compute node in the set: initializing a barrier counter with no counter underflow interrupt; configuring, upon entering the barrier operation, the barrier counter with a value in dependence upon a number of compute nodes in the set; broadcasting, by a DMA engine on the compute node to each of the other compute nodes upon entering the barrier operation, a barrier control packet; receiving, by the DMA engine from each of the other compute nodes, a barrier control packet; modifying, by the DMA engine, the value for the barrier counter in dependence upon each of the received barrier control packets; exiting the barrier operation if the value for the barrier counter matches the exit value.
The influence of transoral odontoid resection on stability of the craniovertebral junction (1992)

Twenty-seven cases of craniovertebral junction compression treated with transoral surgery were reviewed to assess the influences of pathological processes and surgical interventions on spinal stability. All patients presented with signs and symptoms of spinal-cord or brain-stem dysfunction. Pathology included rheumatoid arthritis in 11 patients, congenital osseous malformations in 11, spinal fractures in two, plasmacytoma in one, osteomyelitis in one, and a gunshot injury in one. Instability was defined as clear radiographic evidence of mobile subluxation in conjunction with clinical assessment. Of 19 patients (70%) requiring internal fixation, nine underwent upper cervical fusion and 10 had occipitocervical fusion. When instability occurred, all subluxations were at the C1-2 level. There were no occipito-atlantal subluxations. Eight patients (30%) had preoperative instability of the craniovertebral junction due solely to their pathology, 11 patients (40%) suffered instability after transoral surgery, and eight (30%) were without clinical or radiographic evidence of instability (mean follow-up period 14 months). Craniovertebral junction instability predominated among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 91% required fusion and 45% presented with pre-existing instability. Among individuals with congenital osseous malformations, 45% required fusion and only one patient (9%) had pre-existing instability. Patients who required subsequent posterior decompression of a Chiari malformation were at risk for developing instability; three of four became unstable after posterior decompression. Transoral resection of the dens, the anterior arch of C-1, and the lower clivus does not fully destabilize the spine; however, this operation may potentiate incipient pathological instability. The primary determinants of instability are the extent of pathological bone destruction, ligamentous weakening, and operative bone removal. Long-term follow-up monitoring is needed after transoral surgery to detect cases of late instability.
Robust compensation of a force-balanced high-Q gyroscope (2008)

Force feedback has been widely used in low-Q sensors to improve bandwidth, drift, and other sensor characteristics, but its use in high-Q vacuum packaged gyroscopes for similar benefits has been hindered by closed-loop instability caused by the highly under-damped higher-order resonances of the sensor. This paper presents a compensation technique that uses positive feedback to overcome this stability challenge. The technique has been experimentally verified in a SigmaDelta closed-loop readout interface with a vacuum-packaged vibratory-rate gyroscope.
High Photorefractive Gain in Nematic Liquid Crystals Doped with Electron Donor and Acceptor Molecules (1995)

Liquid crystalline composite materials have been prepared that are strongly photorefractive. Nematic liquid crystals were doped with both electron donor and electron acceptor molecules that undergo facile, photoinduced, electron transfer reactions to yield mobile ions. A photorefractive gain ratio of 1.88 was observed. This gain ratio was achieved with low applied electric fields (0.4 kilovolts per centimeter) requiring only a 1.5-volt battery and low light intensities (100 milliwatts per square centimeter) in samples 37 to 88 micrometers thick that showed no loss in gain over a 6-month period.
Coordinatively Cross-Linked Binders for Silicon-Based Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Beneficial Impact on Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Performance (2023)

A simple and versatile preparation of Zn(II)-poly(carboxylates) reticulated binders by the addition of Zn(II) precursors (ZnSO<sub>4</sub>, ZnO, or Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) into a preoptimized poly(carboxylic acids) binder solution is proposed. These binders lead systematically to a significantly improved electrochemical performance when used for the formulation of silicon-based negative electrodes. The formation of carboxylate-Zn(II) coordination bonds formation is investigated by rheology and FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. Mechanical characterizations reveal that the coordinated binder offers a better electrode coating cohesion and adhesion to the current collector, as well as higher hardness and elastic modulus, which are even preserved in the presence of a carbonate solvent (i.e., in battery operation conditions). Ultimately, as shown from operando dilatometry experiments, the electrode expansion during lithiation is reduced, mitigating electrode mechanical failure. Such coordinatively reticulated electrodes outperform their uncoordinated counterparts with an improved capacity retention of over 30% after 60 cycles.
Optimization of biomass production with enhanced bioactive compound content by the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma australe under submerged culture (2011)

Mushrooms have become attractive as functional foods while they represent an untapped source for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals. Comparing with the established field cultivation, their submerged cultivation has significant industrial potential for the effective production of biomass and valuable metabolites [1]. In this study, Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat. (strain ATHUM 4345, collected from Greece), which is a species of pharmaceutical interest [2] was investigated for maximum biomass production with enhanced dietary fiber and bioactive β-glucan content in a batch-stirred tank bioreactor. Specifically, when the optimized culture medium was tested in a 20-L stirred tank bioreactor, high biomass yields (10.1±0.4g/L) and productivity of 0.09g L-1h-1 were obtained. The yield coefficients for total glucan and dietary fibers on biomass formed were 94.9±6 and 341.2±12.3mg/g mycelium dry weight, respectively [3]. Additionally, the biomass produced by the process described above, was lyophilized and finally extracted with ethyl acetate:cyclohexane. Subsequently, the fractionation of the resulting extract by chromatographic techniques led to the isolation and identification of linoleic acid, 19-octacosenoic acid, 9-palmitoleic acid, ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol and a derivative of the triterpene austrolactone. All compounds isolated, were identified by means of spectral data (1H-NMR and 2D NMR), HRMS and direct comparison with the respective literature data. The findings of this study are valuable, as the established fermentation process, led to the efficient production of biomass containing bioactive compounds. Those results demonstrate the potential of producing high added value bioactive compounds from G. australe strain under submerged culture conditions on an industrial scale.
Functional Self-Assembling Bolaamphiphilic Polydiacetylenes as Colorimetric Sensor Scaffolds (2004)

Conjugated polymers capable of responding to external stimuli by changes in optical, electrical, or electrochemical properties can be used for the construction of direct sensing devices. Polydiacetylene-based systems are attractive for sensing applications due to their colorimetric response to changes in the local environment. Here we present the design, preparation, and characterization of self-assembling functional bolaamphiphilic polydiacetylenes (BPDAs) inspired by nature's strategy for membrane stabilization. We show that by placing polar headgroups on both ends of the diacetylene lipids in a transmembranic fashion and by altering the chemical nature of the polar surface residues, the conjugated polymers can be engineered to display a range of radiation-, thermal-, and pH-induced colorimetric responses. We observed dramatic nanoscopic morphological transformations accompanying charge-induced chromatic transitions, suggesting that both side-chain disordering and main-chain rearrangement play important roles in altering the effective conjugation lengths of the poly(ene-yne). These results establish the foundation for further development of BPDA-based colorimetric sensors.
Fundamental Structure/Property Studies of Gas Separation Membrane Polymers (2023)

Solution-processable polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) present opportunities for new gas separation membranes. We plan to develop systematic structure/property relations for this relatively new class of membrane materials. The fundamental questions we will address are: (1) How do chemical structure modifications of PBIs influence their gas solubility, diffusivity and permeability properties for a systematic series of gases? (2) Is the separation performance of PBIs affected by plasticization under operating conditions that are relevant to, for example, natural gas purification or olefin/paraffin separation and, if so, can this family of materials be tuned structurally to minimize deleterious effects of plasticization on separation properties? (3) What is the effect of water vapor on PBI separation performance? (4) What is the influence of physical aging on permeation properties of thin (i.e., <1 µm) PBI polymer films, and how does the rate of physical aging relate to polymer chemical structure? The primary focus of this research program is to develop a fundamental, molecular-based mechanistic understanding of the influence of chemical structure on the gas transport properties of PBIs and to establish structure/property relationships for this unique platform of materials.
Impact of hepatitis B virus infection on HIV response to antiretroviral therapy in a Chinese antiretroviral therapy center (2014)

HBV co-infection can affect late immunological and virological responses to ART and increase the risk of hepatotoxicity. Mortality due to liver disease was high among HIV/HBV co-infected individuals in this study, despite HBV-active ART. As long as HIV/HBV co-infected persons need anti-HBV therapy, they should be recommended ART that includes agents with activity against both HIV and HBV, regardless of the CD4 cell count level.
High‐throughput screening for cellobiose dehydrogenases by Prussian Blue in situ formation (2012)

Extracellular fungal flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a promising enzyme for both bioelectronics and lignocellulose bioconversion. A selective high-throughput screening assay for CDH in the presence of various fungal oxidoreductases was developed. It is based on Prussian Blue (PB) in situ formation in the presence of cellobiose (<0.25 mM), ferric acetate, and ferricyanide. CDH induces PB formation via both reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide reacting with an excess of Fe³⁺ (pathway 1) and reduction of ferric ions to Fe²⁺ reacting with the excess of ferricyanide (pathway 2). Basidiomycetous and ascomycetous CDH formed PB optimally at pH 3.5 and 4.5, respectively. In contrast to the holoenzyme CDH, its FAD-containing dehydrogenase domain lacking the cytochrome domain formed PB only via pathway 1 and was less active than the parent enzyme. The assay can be applied on active growing cultures on agar plates or on fungal culture supernatants in 96-well plates under aerobic conditions. Neither other carbohydrate oxidoreductases (pyranose dehydrogenase, FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase, glucose oxidase) nor laccase interfered with CDH activity in this assay. Applicability of the developed assay for the selection of new ascomycetous CDH producers as well as possibility of the controlled synthesis of new PB nanocomposites by CDH are discussed.
Investigation of keyhole plume and molten pool based on a three-dimensional dynamic model with sharp interface formulation (2013)

Laser keyhole welding is a complicated multi-phases, multi-physics process, especially when assisting gases are involved. A three-dimensional transient model is developed to investigate the dynamics of keyhole, together with the vapour plume and molten pool, in a self-consistent manner. The model features the utilization of sharp interface method for accurate consideration of the complex surface phenomena on the keyhole wall and a comprehensive hydrodynamic calculation for both the vapour plume and molten pool. The model is validated against experiments and the simulation results are discussed. It is found that the interplay of the multiple reflections and the plume attenuation due to particle absorption/scattering is crucial for the laser absorption intensity and hence the temperature on the keyhole wall, and the keyhole wall temperature distribution has profound influences on the fluid flow and temperature/species distributions in both the molten pool and keyhole plume.
Quantifying the Surface Coverage of Conjugate Molecules on Functionalized Nanoparticles (2007)

Here we present a method to determine the surface coverage or surface density of biological molecules conjugated to nanoparticle surfaces. Electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) is used to determine a coating thickness by measuring the change in the size of gold nanoparticles before and after modification with thiol-derivatized single-stranded DNA. The DNA surface coverage is then obtained from the coating thickness through the use of a simple random coil model. The method requires neither fluorescent tagging nor calibration curves. We believe ES-DMA to be a broadly applicable nanometrology tool for the characterization of biologically conjugated nanoparticles.
BBN VISER TRECVID 2013 Multimedia Event Detection and Multimedia Event Recounting Systems (2013)

We describe the Raytheon BBN Technologies (BBN) led VISER system for the TRECVID 2013 Multimedia Event Detection (MED) and Recounting (MER) tasks. We present a comprehensive analysis of the different modules: (1) a large suite of visual, audio and multimodal low-level features; (2) video- and segment-level semantic scene/action/object concepts; (3) automatic speech recognition (ASR); (4) videotext detection and recognition (OCR). For the low-level features, we used multiple static, motion-based, color, and audio features and Fisher Vector (FV) representation. For the semantic concepts, we developed various visual concept sets in addition to multiple existing visual concept banks. In particular, we used BBN&amp;apos;s natural language processing (NLP) technologies to automatically identify and train salient concepts from short textual descriptions of research set videos. We also exploited online data resources to augment the concept banks. For the speech and videotext content, we leveraged rich confidence-weighted keywords and phrases obtained from the ASR and OCR systems. We combined these different streams using multiple early (feature-level) and late (score-level) fusion strategies. Our system involves both SVM-based and query-based detections, to achieve superior performance despite of the varying number of positive videos in the event kit. We present a thorough study of different semantic feature based systems compared to low-level feature based systems.
Genetic disruption of the growth hormone receptor does not influence motoneuron survival in the developing mouse (2003)

In the rodent central nervous system (CNS) during the five days prior to birth, both growth hormone (GH) and its receptor (GHR) undergo transient increases in expression to levels considerably higher than those found postnatally. This increase in expression coincides with the period of neuronal programmed cell death (PCD) in the developing CNS. To evaluate the involvement of growth hormone in the process of PCD, we have quantified the number of motoneurons in the spinal cord and brain stem of wild type and littermate GHR-deficient mice at the beginning and end of the neuronal PCD period. We found no change in motoneuron survival in either the brachial or lumbar lateral motor columns of the spinal cord or in the trochlear, trigeminal, facial or hypoglossal nuclei in the brain stem. We also found no significant differences in spinal cord volume, muscle fiber diameter, or body weight of GHR-deficient fetal mice when compared to their littermate controls. Therefore, despite considerable in vitro evidence for GH action on neurons and glia, genetic disruption of GHR signalling has no effect on prenatal motoneuron number in the mouse, under normal physiological conditions. This may be a result of compensation by the signalling of other neurotrophic cytokines.
Aberration budget in extreme ultraviolet lithography (2008)

It seems that the actual EUV lithography tools will have aberrations around ten times larger than those of the latest ArF lithography tools in wavelength normalized rms. We calculated the influence of aberrations on the size error and pattern shift error using Zernike sensitivity analysis. Mask-induced aberration restricts the specification of aberration. Without periodic additional pattern, the aberration to form 22 nm dual-gate patterns was below 8 m&lambda; rms. Arranging the periodic additional pattern relaxed the aberration tolerance. With periodic additional pattern, the aberration to form 22 nm patterns was below 37 m&lambda; rms. It is important to make pattern periodicity for the relaxation of the aberration specification.
Scintillation properties of (C6H5C n H2n NH3)2PbCl4 (n = 1–4) (2022)

Abstract Organic–inorganic perovskite crystals (C 6 H 5 C n H 2 n NH 3 ) 2 PbCl 4 ( n = 1: PMA, n = 2: PEA, n = 3: PPA, and n = 4: PBA) were prepared, and their scintillation characteristics were evaluated. A broad emission peak originating from self-trapped excitons (STE) was observed from all of the crystals when excited by 310 nm light. Further, the broad emission was also clearly observed from PMA, PEA, and PBA under X-ray. Moreover, the scintillation light yields under α -ray were calculated to be 1460 (PEA), 439 (PPA), and 120 (PBA) photons/5.5 MeV- α , and the light yield of PEA was higher than that of a ZnO single crystal. In addition, all of the crystals showed a fast decay-time attributable to STE under X-ray.
Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI measures of relative cerebral blood volume as a prognostic marker for overall survival in recurrent glioblastoma: results from the ACRIN 6677/RTOG 0625 multicenter trial (2015)

Early decreases in rCBV are predictive of improved survival in patients with recurrent GBM treated with bevacizumab.
Overview on SNIFFPHONE: a portable device for disease diagnosis (2019)

We present SNIFFPHONE, a handy and easy-to-use device that allows the non-invasive detection of gastric diseases. It analyzes the user’s exhaled breath using specifically developed gas sensors. The device is coupled to a smartphone, which governs the breath analysis process, sends the data measurements to an external data analysis server, and finally gives feedback to the user. In this work, we describe the SNIFFPHONE device and the general platform under development.
Comparing Capillary Electrophoresis−Mass Spectrometry Fingerprints of Urine Samples Obtained after Intake of Coffee, Tea, or Water (2008)

Metabolomic fingerprinting is a growing strategy for characterizing complex biological samples without detailed prior knowledge about the metabolic system. A two-way analysis system with liquid separation and mass spectrometric detection provides detail-rich data suitable for such fingerprints. As a model study, human urine samples, obtained after intake of coffee, tea, or water, were analyzed with capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-TOF-MS). In-house-developed software (in Matlab) was utilized to manage and explore the large amount of data acquired (230 CE-MS runs, each with 50-100 million nonzero data points). After baseline and noise reduction, followed by suitable binning in time and m/z, the data sets comprised 9 and 14 million data points in negative and positive ESI mode, respectively. Finally, a signal threshold was applied, further reducing the number to about 100 000 data points per data set. A set of interactive exploratory tools, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) results based on a general linear model, facilitated visual interpretation with score plots (for group assessment) and differential fingerprints (for "hot spot" detection). In the model study highly significant differences due to beverage intake were obtained among the 10 first principal components (p < 10(-6) for two of the components in both ESI modes). Especially, the contrasts between "coffee" and "tea or water" indicated several "hot spots" with highly elevated intensities (e.g., for uncharged masses 93, 94, 109, 119, 123, 132, 148, 169, 178, 187, 190, and 193) suitable for further analysis, for example, with tandem MS.