gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-scale flight tests of aircraft morphing structures using SMA actuators (2007)

In August of 2005 The Boeing Company conducted a full-scale flight test utilizing Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators to morph an engine's fan exhaust to correlate exhaust geometry with jet noise reduction. The test was conducted on a 777-300ER with GE-115B engines. The presence of chevrons, serrated aerodynamic surfaces mounted at the trailing edge of the thrust reverser, have been shown to greatly reduce jet noise by encouraging advantageous mixing of the free, and fan streams. The morphing, or Variable Geometry Chevrons (VGC), utilized compact, light weight, and robust SMA actuators to morph the chevron shape to optimize the noise reduction or meet acoustic test objectives. The VGC system was designed for two modes of operation. The entirely autonomous operation utilized changes in the ambient temperature from take-off to cruise to activate the chevron shape change. It required no internal heaters, wiring, control system, or sensing. By design this provided one tip immersion at the warmer take-off temperatures to reduce community noise and another during the cooler cruise state for more efficient engine operation, i.e. reduced specific fuel consumption. For the flight tests a powered mode was added where internal heaters were used to individually control the VGC temperatures. This enabled us to vary the immersions and test a variety of chevron configurations. The flight test demonstrated the value of SMA actuators to solve a real world aerospace problem, validated that the technology could be safely integrated into the airplane's structure and flight system, and represented a large step forward in the realization of SMA actuators for production applications. In this paper the authors describe the development of the actuator system, the steps required to integrate the morphing structure into the thrust reverser, and the analysis and testing that was required to gain approval for flight. Issues related to material strength, thermal environment, vibration, electrical power, controls, data acquisition, and engine operability are discussed. Furthermore the authors layout a road map for the next stage of development of SMA aerospace actuators. A detailed look at the requirements and specifications that may define a production SMA actuator and the technology development required to meet them are presented. A path for meeting production requirements and achieving the next level of technology readiness for both autonomous and controlled SMA actuators is proposed. This path relies strongly on cross functional and organizational teaming including industry, academia, and government.
Artificial Intelligence Based State of Health Estimation With Short-Term Current Profile in Lead-Acid Batteries for Heavy-Duty Vehicles (2022)

Abstract The State of Health (SOH) estimation for automotive batteries is currently assessed with different techniques which may involve long testing procedure or require costly hardware to be implemented. This paper aims at contributing to this domain by exploiting the response of a lead-acid battery with respect to a short-term current profile using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier for SOH estimation. The method is applicable onboard the vehicle and no additional instrumentation is required on the retained vehicle. The design and validation of a SOH method with a short-term current profile using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in lead-acid batteries, which are commonly used in heavy-duty vehicles for cranking and cabin systems, are presented. The paper validates the considered approach with experimental data, which are representative of actual vehicle operations. In detail, the paper describes the retained hardware and software architectures and the design procedure related to the proposed SOH estimation technique based on AI. The retained lead-acid battery 12 V 225 Ah battery used in actual heavy-duty vehicles. The proposed AI-based algorithm relies on an ANN used for SOH classification, which is trained with a sufficient amount of collected data. Specifically, the proposed SOH classifier can process features extracted from buffers of input data that are recorded onboard. When considering the validation dataset only, the resulting SOH estimation algorithm can classify the battery SOH with an overall accuracy equal to 96.7%.
Device independent color imaging modules for IRIS explorer (1997)

Having a flexible and expandable system of interconnecting modules which create device independent color image processing chains is a powerful tool for color science research and education. The objective of this research was to see if there existed a commercially available application which would provide the framework for such a system, learn that application, build a system of device independent imaging modules, and document the process so future developer's could easily expand the system. The Numerical Algorithms IRIS Explorer software proved to be the best fit for the system since it offered an intuitive user interface, a powerful set of default modules, and the capabilites for expansion through new module creation. With Explorer, a system of device independent color imaging modules were built, tested, and the module building process documented in this thesis meeting the objectives of the research.
Identification of antimicrobial activity among FDA-approved drugs for combating Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae (2011)

The dearth of identified compounds active against M. abscessus exemplifies its ability to resist drugs as well as the resilience of rapidly growing NTM. Repurposing of approved drugs is a viable alternative to de novo drug discovery and development.
Monolithically Integrated CMOS Nanophotonic Segmented Mach Zehnder Transmitter (2017)

We present a monolithic segmented Mach-Zehnder transmitter, fully integrated in a 90 nm CMOS process. The transmitter exhibits a link sensitivity of −14.1 dBm optical modulation amplitude (OMA) at bit error rate (BER) = 10−12 at 12.5 Gbps.
Phase-only signal reconstruction (2005)

In this paper, we develop a set of conditions under which a sequence is uniquely specified by the phase or samples of the phase of its Fourier transform. These conditions are applicable to mixed-phase one-dimensional and multi-dimensional sequences. Under the specified conditions, we also present several algorithms which may be used to reconstruct a sequence from its phase.
Effect of HfO2 Crystallinity on Device Characteristics and Reliability for Resistance Random Access Memory (2011)

The effects of HfO2 crystallinity depending on the crystallintiy of the underlying electrode material on the device characteristics and reliability for resistance random access memory are investigated. HfO2 film on TiN electrode as a gap fill material for the bottom electrode contact, which has a polycrystalline structure, shows the degradation of the resistive switching characteristics possibly due to the local crystallization of HfO2 film on the crystallized TiN electrode. On the contrary, HfO2 film on TiAlN electrode, which has an amorphous structure, shows the excellent switching and endurance characteristics owing to controlling the crystallization of HfO2 film.
Simultaneous red/green dual fluorescence detection on electroblots using BODIPY TR-X succinimidyl ester and ELF 39 phosphate (2002)

A two-color fluorescence detection method is described based upon covalently coupling the succinimidyl ester of BODIPY TR-X dye to proteins immobilized on polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, followed by detection of target proteins using the fluorogenic, precipitating substrate ELF 39-phosphate in combination with alkaline phosphatase conjugated reporter molecules. This results in all proteins in the profile being visualized as fluorescent red signal while those detected specifically with the alkaline phosphatase conjugate appear as fluorescent green signal. The dichromatic detection system is broadly compatible with ultraviolet epi- or trans-illuminators combined with photographic or charge-coupled device cameras, and xenon-arc sources equipped with appropriate excitation/emission filters. The dichromatic method permits detection of low nanogram amounts of protein and allows for unambiguous identification of target proteins relative to the entire protein profile on a single electroblot, obviating the need to run replicate gels that would otherwise require visualization of total proteins by silver staining and subsequent alignment with chemiluminescent or colorimetric signals generated on electroblots. Combining the detection approach with an Alexa Fluor 350 dye conjugated monoclonal antibody permits simultaneous fluorescence detection of two antigens and the total protein profile on the same electroblot.
Channel Coding for Parity Check Symbols. (1992)

This paper proposes a method of channel coding for parity check symbols in error-correcting codes. It applies the visual characteristics and coding rules of error-correcting codes, and suppresses the power of DC and low-frequency components Some errors in the least significant bit may be occurred by this channel coding, but the resultant degradation of image quality is too small to detect The power spectrum of image data is simulated, and it is confirmed that the method suppresses DC and low-frequency components. Furthermore, the channel coding without distortion can be achieved by means of a routine modification.
Three-dimensional carbon fibers and method and apparatus for their production (2023)

This invention relates to novel three-dimensional (3D) carbon fibers which are original (or primary) carbon fibers (OCF) with secondary carbon filaments (SCF) grown thereon, and, if desired, tertiary carbon filaments (TCF) are grown from the surface of SCF forming a filamentous carbon network with high surface area. The methods and apparatus are provided for growing SCF on the OCF by thermal decomposition of carbonaceous gases (CG) over the hot surface of the OCF without use of metal-based catalysts. The thickness and length of SCF can be controlled by varying operational conditions of the process, e.g., the nature of CG, temperature, residence time, etc. The optional activation step enables one to produce 3D activated carbon fibers with high surface area. The method and apparatus are provided for growing TCF on the SCF by thermal decomposition of carbonaceous gases over the hot surface of the SCF using metal catalyst particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Induced Fit in Synthetic Receptors: Nucleotide Base Recognition by a “Molecular Hinge”. (1987)

Abstract Macrocyclic host (VI), a biomimetic receptor of nucleotide base substrates, is prepared (see scheme).
Re-Training StyleGAN -- A First Step Towards Building Large, Scalable\n Synthetic Facial Datasets (2020)

StyleGAN is a state-of-art generative adversarial network architecture that\ngenerates random 2D high-quality synthetic facial data samples. In this paper,\nwe recap the StyleGAN architecture and training methodology and present our\nexperiences of retraining it on a number of alternative public datasets.\nPractical issues and challenges arising from the retraining process are\ndiscussed. Tests and validation results are presented and a comparative\nanalysis of several different re-trained StyleGAN weightings is provided 1. The\nrole of this tool in building large, scalable datasets of synthetic facial data\nis also discussed.\n
HIV protease (HIV PR) inhibitor structure‐activity‐selectivity, and active site molecular modeling of high affinity Leu [CH(OH)CH2]Val modified viral and nonviral substrate analogs (1992)

This report details the structure-activity relationships of the HIV gag substrate analog Val-Ser-Gln-Asn-Leu psi[CH(OH)CH2]Val-Ile-Val (U-85548E), an inhibitor exhibiting subnanomolar affinity towards HIV type-1 aspartic proteinase (HIV-1 PR). Our data show that the P1-P2' tripeptidyl sequence provides the minimal chemical determinant for HIV-1 PR binding. We describe the structure-activity properties of Leu psi[CH(OH)CH2]Val substitution in other peptidyl ligands of nonviral substrate origin (e.g., angiotensinogen, insulin and pepstatin). Furthermore, the aspartic proteinase selectivities of a few key compounds are summarized relative to evaluation against human renin, human pepsin, and the fungal enzyme, rhizopuspepsin. These studies have led to the rational design of nanomolar potent inhibitors of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 PR. Finally, a 2.5 A resolution X-ray crystallographic structure of U-85548E complexed to synthetic HIV-1 PR dimer (Jaskolski et al., Biochemistry 30, 1600 [1991]) provided a 3-D picture of the inhibitor bound to the enzyme active site, and we performed computer-assisted molecular modeling studies to explore the possible binding modes of the above series of Leu psi[CH(OH)CH2]Val substituted HIV-1 PR inhibitors.
Examining oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) literacy among participants in an HIV vaccine trial preparedness cohort study (2022)

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04066881.
Characterization and simulation of NMOS pass transistor reliability for FPGA routing circuits (2013)

In this work, the impact of bias temperature instability is evaluated for routing pass gate circuits. A simple test structure is proposed and measured data is compared to aging models to demonstrate the importance of modeling circuit level aging effects. Aging models which are shown to be accurate at the transistor level are inadequate at the circuit level unless frequency dependent aging effects are taken into account.
Activation of porcine oocytes with calcium ionophore: Effects of extracellular calcium (1999)

The present study examined the mechanism of A23187-induced activation in pig oocytes, with special reference to the effects of extracellular calcium on oocyte activation. The following endpoints were evaluated: intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), intracellular pH ([pH]i), cortical granule (CG) exocytosis, pronuclear formation, and blastocyst development. In experiment one, when oocytes were exposed to 50 microM A23187 for 5 min in a medium with, or without, calcium, a significant (P < 0.004) increase in the [Ca2+]i was observed in medium with calcium but not in medium without calcium. An increased [pH]i (0.08 unit in medium with calcium and 0.13 unit in medium without calcium), cortical granule exocytosis and pronuclear formation were observed in oocytes treated with A23187 irrespective of the presence or absence of calcium in the medium. In experiment two, the effects of treatment time (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 min) on nuclear activation of oocytes with A23187 were further examined in medium with, or without, calcium. It was found that a 2 min treatment activated more (71-74%) oocytes than the other treatments. Treatment for 5 min in medium without calcium resulted in chromatin condensation in some oocytes. Microtubules were not found in these oocytes. In experiment three, developmental ability was examined of the oocytes treated with A23187 in medium with, or without, calcium. In vitro fertilized oocytes were used as a positive control. It was found that 16%, 6% and 38% of the oocytes treated with A23187 in medium with calcium, in medium without calcium, and in vitro fertilized oocytes developed to blastocysts after culture for 7 days, respectively. These results indicate that A23187 can induce pig oocyte activation in calcium-free medium without a typical increase in the [Ca2+]i and that A23187-induced pig oocyte activation is accompanied by an increase in [pH]i. Oocytes activated with A23187 can develop to blastocysts regardless of activation in medium with, or without, calcium.
How similar are enzyme active site geometries derived from quantum mechanical theozymes to crystal structures of enzyme‐inhibitor complexes? Implications for enzyme design (2007)

Quantum mechanical optimizations of theoretical enzymes (theozymes), which are predicted catalytic arrays of biological functionalities stabilizing a transition state, have been carried out for a set of nine diverse enzyme active sites. For each enzyme, the theozyme for the rate-determining transition state plus the catalytic groups modeled by side-chain mimics was optimized using B3LYP/6-31G(d) or, in one case, HF/3-21G(d) quantum mechanical calculations. To determine if the theozyme can reproduce the natural evolutionary catalytic geometry, the positions of optimized catalytic atoms, i.e., covalent, partial covalent, or stabilizing interactions with transition state atoms, are compared to the positions of the atoms in the X-ray crystal structure with a bound inhibitor. These structure comparisons are contrasted to computed substrate-active site structures surrounded by the same theozyme residues. The theozyme/transition structure is shown to predict geometries of active sites with an average RMSD of 0.64 A from the crystal structure, while the RMSD for the bound intermediate complexes are significantly higher at 1.42 A. The implications for computational enzyme design are discussed.
Dual-Phase, Surface Tension-Based Fabrication Method for Generation of Tumor Millibeads (2014)

Numerous methods have been developed for the fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel microstructures for drug-delivery and tissue-engineering applications. However, present methods focus on the fabrication of submicrometer scale hydrogel structures which have limited applications in creating larger tissue constructs, especially in recreating cancer tissue microenvironments. We aimed to establish a platform where cancer cells can be cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) environment, which closely replicates the native cancer microenvironment and facilitates efficient testing of anticancer drugs. This study demonstrated a novel surface tension-based fabrication technique for the generation of millimeter-scale hydrogel beads using a liquid-liquid dual phase system. The "hydrogel millibeads" obtained by this method were larger than previously reported, highly uniform in shape and size with better ease of size control and a high degree of consistency and reproducibility between batches. In addition, human breast cancer cells were encapsulated within these hydrogel constructs to generate "tumor millibeads", which were subsequently maintained in long-term 3D culture. Microscopic visualization using fluorescence imaging and microstructure analysis showed the morphology and uniform distribution of the cells within the 3D matrix and arrangement of cells with the surrounding scaffold material. Cell viability analysis revealed the creation of a core region of dead cells surrounded by healthy, viable cell layers at the periphery following long-term culture. These observations closely matched with those of native and in vivo tumors. Based on these results, this study established a rapidly reproducible surface tension-based fabrication technique for making spherical hydrogel millibeads and demonstrated the potential of this method in creating engineered 3D tumor tissues. It is envisioned that the developed hydrogel millibead system will facilitate the formation of physiologically relevant in vitro tumor models which will closely simulate the native tumor microenvironmental conditions and could enable future high-throughput testing of different anticancer drugs in preclinical trials.
A method for the identification and assessment of critical technologies needed for an economically viable HSCT (1995)

Presented at the 1st AIAA Aircraft Engineering, Technology, and Operations Congress, Anaheim, CA, September 19-21, 1995.
First phase I trial of a steroid sulfatase inhibitor in breast cancer (2004)

645 Background: 667-Coumate is the first steroid sulfatase (STS) inhibitor to enter clinical trials. STS has a crucial role in regulating the formation of steroids with potent estrogenic properties, such as estrone and androstenediol. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) are postmenopausal women with locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Treatment consists of a test dose followed by 3 two-weekly cycles. Each cycle consists of daily dosing for 5 days followed by 9 days off treatment. Dose levels of 5mg, 20mg and 80mg (6 pts at each) were planned. Primary endpoints are to establish the oral dose of 667-Coumate needed to suppress STS by over 90% in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and to investigate the tolerability profile of 667-Coumate. Secondary endpoints include measurement of the pharmacokinetic and endocrine parameters, determination of the oral dose of 667-Coumate needed to inhibit intra-tumoral sulfatase and documentation of anti-tumor activity. PBL STS was measured using (6,7-3H) E1S as the substrate. Results: Six pts have been treated at the 5mg dose level. The mean percentage inhibition (+/-SD, N=4) of PBL STS was 96.6% (+/-3.4%) 24 hours post the first dose of 667-Coumate and was 98% (+/-0.8%) 8 hours post dose on Day 5 Cycle 1, Intra-tumoral sulfatase (assessed on Day 5, Cycle 1) was inhibited to 99.6% and 78.4% for pts 4 and 5, respectively. The following mild related adverse events were reported (CTC grade; pts): headache (2;1 pt), mood depression (1;2 pts), taste disturbance post treatment (1;5 pts). The primary endpoint has been met in the first 4 pts at the 5mg dose level. Pt 1 had stable disease clinically, an improvement in breast pain and received a further 6 cycles of treatment. Conclusions: We have successfully demonstrated the ability to inhibit STS activity with a potent oral inhibitor without any serious drug-related adverse events. This study was sponsored by Cancer Research UK and supported by Sterix Ltd. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Sterix Ltd. Sterix Ltd. Sterix Ltd. Sterix Ltd.
The Role of Genital Nerve Afferents in the Physiology of the Sexual Response and Pelvic Floor Function (2011)

There is expanding support for the critical role of genital afferent neurophysiology in the mechanisms of erectile function and micturition. Genital afferent stimulation is a safe and natural modality that can be harnessed to amplify autonomic and somatic activity within the penis, female genitalia, spinal cord, and higher centers via established neurological principles. Such physiological adaptive processes may be beneficial in improving sexual response, erectile function, and micturition in many disease states, including in men after radical pelvic surgery. Well-designed and -executed studies in each specific population are needed to authenticate such prospects.
Methods for culturing adult CNS neurons reveal a CNS conditioning effect (2022)

Neuronal cultures provide a basis for reductionist insights that rely on molecular and pharmacological manipulation. However, the inability to culture mature <i>adult</i> CNS neurons limits our understanding of adult neuronal physiology. Here, we report methods for culturing <i>adult</i> central nervous system neurons in large numbers and across multiple brain regions for extended time periods. Primary adult neuronal cultures develop polarity; they establish segregated dendritic and axonal compartments, maintain resting membrane potentials, exhibit spontaneous and evoked electrical activity, and form neural networks. Cultured adult neurons isolated from different brain regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, brainstem, and cerebellum exhibit distinct cell morphologies, growth patterns, and spontaneous firing characteristics reflective of their regions of origin. Using adult motor cortex cultures, we identify a CNS "conditioning" effect after spinal cord injury. The ability to culture adult neurons offers a valuable tool for studying basic and therapeutic science of the brain.