gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emission spectra of solid rare-gas alloys (1973)

In this paper we present the results of an experimental study of the α-excited vacuum ultraviolet emission spectra of xenon-argon, xenon-krypton, krypton-argon, xenon-neon, krypton-neon, and argon-neon solid alloys in the temperature range 6–40°K. Three mechanisms for electronic energy transfer to single impurity states and to impurity pairs were considered: (1) energy transfer from vibrationally relaxed homonuclear diatomic molecule of the host to Xe/Ar and to Xe/Kr impurity states; (2) energy transfer from the host vibrationally excited homonuclear diatomic molecule to Kr/Ar impurity states; and (3) energy transfer via impurity ionization or the formation of metastable states in neon alloys. The single impurity emission bands originating from the lowest Wannier states exhibit large red Stokes shifts reletive to the corresponding absorption bands, being close to the corresponding gas-phase transitions, and thus manifest the effect of medium relaxation around single impurity states. A similar effect is exhibited for diatomic molecules in pure solids and for excited impurity pairs. Qualitative information has been obtained regarding efficient nonradiative relaxation processes between high Wannier impurity states. The emitting single impurity state involves in most cases the lowest lying, optically allowed, excited state. We have observed multiple trapping sites for the single impurity and for the impurity pairs in solid Ar and Kr but not in Ne. The population of these trapping sites is determined by the deposition temperature. Finally, spectroscopic evidence is obtained for the existence of heteronuclear rare-gas XeKr* and ArKr* diatomic molecules.
Host–Guest Interactions: Design Strategy and Structure of an Unusual Cobalt Cage That Encapsulates a Tetrafluoroborate Anion (2005)

Eingesperrt: Supramolekulare Wirt-Gast-Käfige mit der allgemeinen Formel [BF4⊂(RCN)2Co2L4](BF4)3 und L als einem Di(benzimidazol)-1,4-phenylenderivat (R=Me, Et, Ph) wurden synthetisiert. Ein BF4−-Anion (B gelb, F blassgrün; siehe Struktur) ist fest im Innern des Käfigs eingeschlossen und spielt eine zentrale Rolle als Templat, um das sich die CoII-Ionen (grau) und L-Liganden (Kugel-Stab-Darstellung) selbstorganisieren. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z500786_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Abstract 25 ECTmatch: Optimizing Small-Scale Cord Blood Banking Through HLA Analysis (2022)

Abstract Introduction Cord blood (CB) banks have had to rely on large inventories of CB units to try to serve the largest possible proportion of the population, all the while prioritizing collection of non-Caucasian ethnic groups. However, due to the high linkage disequilibrium of HLA genes and the high frequency of several HLA alleles in the population, CB banks contain hundreds of CB units that could be matched to the same patients, making the inventory somewhat redundant from a clinical standpoint. Objective ExCellThera developed ECTmatch, an algorithm dedicated to optimizing the selection of CB units based on in-depth HLA analysis in order to maximize the efficiency of the bank to suitably match the largest proportion of subjects within a small pool of donors. Methods The performance of ECTmatch was evaluated in a simulation aiming to select 100 CB units from the Héma-Québec CB bank that satisfied an arbitrary minimal cell content criteria of 120 × 107 TNC and 6 × 106 CD34+ cells (n = 2,987). Selection was performed to optimize matching for the Quebec population, with a minimal HLA-match of 5/8 for HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1. Results ECTmatch provides a suitably matched donor for 71.5% of the Quebec population, compared with only 45.0% (±2.4%) with random selection. Because patients who require a CB transplant tend to have rarer HLAs, the performance of ECTmatch was evaluated for this specific subset of patients (n = 62). Again, ECTmatch outperformed random selection, by providing a donor for 54.8% of patients, compared with only 29.9% with random selection. Finally, while ECTmatch was developed to optimize CB selection specifically for the Quebec population, it still outperformed random selection for subjects from the other Canadian provinces or the USA. Discussion By selecting CB units based on HLA profiles, ECTmatch allows the creation of a highly useful inventory with a very low number of CB units. This approach to small-scale CB banking can be adapted to different population subsets and could be used to select a subset of CB units for pre-release for immediate clinical availability or for the creation of a pre-expanded CB inventory with maximal population coverage.
Synthesis of Enantiopure 1‐Aryl‐1‐butylamines and 1‐Aryl‐3‐butenylamines by Diastereoselective Addition of Allylzinc Bromide to Imines Derived from (R)‐Phenylglycine Amide (2004)

Abstract The synthesis of enantiopure 1‐aryl‐1‐butylamines via a highly diastereoselective addition of allylzinc bromide to imines derived from ( R )‐phenylglycine amide is reported. These are synthesised by a three‐step procedure, which involves: (a) formation of the chiral imines; (b) asymmetric addition of the allylzinc reagent; (c) removal of the chiral auxiliary by means of a reductive or non‐reductive method. The reductive method provides 1‐aryl‐1‐butylamines whereas the non‐reductive method preserves the double bond to afford 1‐aryl‐3‐butenylamines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
How text and audio chat change the online video experience (2008)

Many online video sites provide a text chat feature so viewers can chat with others while watching videos. How does chatting affect their experience? Would audio chat be more fun or would it be too distracting? The richer medium of audio may more closely approximate the living room or club experience, but human factors research suggests that audio chat could increase distraction and detract from the viewing experience. This paper presents the results of an experiment comparing text with audio chat when the video does or does not have dialogue, and when viewers are watching the videos in the same or a different order. A control group watched videos without chat. Overall, audio chat and text chat were equally distracting, and chat was more distracting when the video contained dialogue. Despite the presence of distraction, viewers found both text and audio chat enjoyable. Those who used audio chat preferred it to text chat for talking with others while watching videos with their friends.
Distinct conformers of amyloid beta accumulate in the neocortex of patients with rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease (2021)

Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition in the neocortex is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the extent of deposition does not readily explain phenotypic diversity and rate of disease progression. The prion strain-like model of disease heterogeneity suggests the existence of different conformers of Aβ. We explored this paradigm using conformation-dependent immunoassay (CDI) for Aβ and conformation-sensitive luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) in AD cases with variable progression rates. Mapping the Aβ conformations in the frontal, occipital, and temporal regions in 20 AD patients with CDI revealed extensive interindividual and anatomical diversity in the structural organization of Aβ with the most significant differences in the temporal cortex of rapidly progressive AD. The fluorescence emission spectra collected in situ from Aβ plaques in the same regions demonstrated considerable diversity of spectral characteristics of two LCOs-quatroformylthiophene acetic acid and heptaformylthiophene acetic acid. Heptaformylthiophene acetic acid detected a wider range of Aβ deposits, and both LCOs revealed distinct spectral attributes of diffuse and cored plaques in the temporal cortex of rapidly and slowly progressive AD and less frequent and discernible differences in the frontal and occipital cortex. These and CDI findings indicate a major conformational diversity of Aβ accumulating in the neocortex, with the most notable differences in temporal cortex of cases with shorter disease duration, and implicate distinct Aβ conformers (strains) in the rapid progression of AD.
Phosphorescence lifetime imaging in turbid media: the inverse problem and experimental image reconstruction (2004)

Three-dimensional phosphorescence lifetime imaging is a novel method for the mapping of oxygen concentration in biological tissues. We present reconstruction techniques for recovering phosphorescent objects in highly scattering media based on the telegraph equation and two regularization methods, i.e., the Tikhonov-Phillips regularization and the maximum entropy method. Theoretical results are experimentally validated, and the reconstructed images of phosphorescent objects rendering oxygen maps in a layer are presented.
Crystal structure of chlorobis(η5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)- (η3-2-methyl-2-propenyl)zirconium, Zr(C4H7)(C10H15)2Cl (2004)

Article Crystal structure of chlorobis(η5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)- (η3-2-methyl-2-propenyl)zirconium, Zr(C4H7)(C10H15)2Cl was published on April 1, 2004 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 219, issue 1-4).
Genomic comparisons of Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strains recovered from diseased pigs in Spain and Canada (2018)

Streptococcus suis is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in the porcine industry and also a zoonotic agent. Serotype 9 is becoming one of the most prevalent serotypes within the S. suis population in certain European countries. In the present study, serotype 9 strains isolated from a country where infection due to this serotype is endemic (Spain), were compared to those recovered from Canada, where this serotype is rarely isolated from diseased pigs. For comparison purposes, strains from Brazil and the only strain isolated from a human case, in Thailand, were also incorporated. Firstly, sequence types (STs) were obtained followed by detection of putative virulence factors. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the non-recombinant single nucleotide polymorphisms from core genomes of tested strains. Most Spanish strains were either ST123 or ST125, whereas Canadian strains were highly heterogeneous. However, the distribution of putative virulence factors was similar in both groups of strains. The fact that ST16 strains harbored more putative virulence genes and shared greater similarity with the genome of human serotype 2 strains suggests that they present a higher zoonotic and virulence potential than those from Canada and Spain. More than 80% of the strains included in this study carried genes associated with resistance to tetracycline, lincosamides and macrolides. Serotype 9 strains may be nearly 400 years old and have evolved in parallel into 2 lineages. The rapid population expansion of dominant lineage 1 occurred within the last 40 years probably due to the rapid development of the porcine industry.
Novel optical concept for line beam optics for large area thermal processing (2018)

With the availability of high-power infrared laser sources, the thermal processing of large area substrates with lasers becomes increasingly attractive. Besides the laser source, one of the core components is the beam shaping optics for the generation of a line-shaped intensity profile with an extreme aspect ratio. We report on a novel optical concept for laser-based large area thermal processing based on the thin disk laser platform providing output power in excess of 10 kW per unit. The most unique feature of this novel modular concept is the capability to precisely combine several optical units in order to realize a beam profile with a width of less than 100 µm and a length of more than 3 m. In order to meet the high demands on homogeneity and depth of focus we make use of advanced beam-shaping and measurement techniques. Combining the proven robustness of fiber-coupled laser sources with this modular optical approach, we demonstrated the ability of 24/7 operation with industrial standards in terms of process quality, treatment speed and efficiency. For the first time, rapid thermal annealing with high power lasers was applied to thin films deposited on jumbo-size architectural glass without affecting the glass substrate. The novel thermal treatment process results in a highly improved crystallization of the coating and correspondingly a reduction of the resistivity of e.g. thin Ag-based coating stacks by up to 30 %. This leads to a break-through in the development of high energy efficiency functional coatings on glass. The novel technology opens a large field of new cost-effective glass products with improved energetic balance, simultaneous high transparency and improved electronic transport properties and many others. Furthermore, the new beam shaping concept shows the potential for further heat treatment applications requiring intensity profiles with extreme aspect ratios, such as metal refinement, thermal treatment of metal surfaces or large area paint removal.
429 Effect of fabrication condition on microstructure and mechanical properties of compo-casting Al_<18>B_4O_<33>/AZ91D magnesium alloy composites (2002)

Fabrication condition of compo-casting process on aluminum borate (Al_<18>B_4O_<33>) reinforced AZ91D (Mg-9%Al-1%Zn) magnesium alloy composites affect to the mechanical properties and microstructure. In this study, the effect of the fraction of solid phase (0-33%fs), the kind of reinforcement (whisker or particle) and casting process (Rheo or Thixo casting) were investigated. In melt casting condition (0%fs), the composite has fine structure with no pores but has coalescence of the reinforcements. The reinforcements in composites fabricated under the semi-solid condition were swept up to post liquid phase and distributed uniformly in this fabricated under the 33%fs condition, the whisker reinforcement or Thixo casting. The composite fabricated by Thixo casting has low strength because of many pores.
An assessment of reactive transport modeling of inorganic contaminants in subsurface environments. (2004)

By the time a child in the UK reaches 13 months of age he or she should have received nine vaccinations. Therefore, it is important to look at interventions to decrease pain associated with receiving vaccines and to examine the evidence base for current clinical practice. This study (sample 72 babies randomly allocated to one or other treatment) was a small randomised, controlled trial to determine whether, when immunising babies aged two to six months, there is any difference in the perceived level of pain and distress experienced by babies when given two injections at the same time (simultaneous technique) as compared to giving them one injection after the other (sequential technique). Both practices are currently widespread. The study has shown that there is no difference in parents' perceptions of the distress experienced by babies receiving either simultaneous or sequential vaccinations. Preliminary findings of the observed measure of pain behaviour in babies report statistically significant differences in distress behaviours at four time points after vaccination between the sequential and simultaneous vaccinations, further research in a larger study is required to confirm these findings.
In-Hardware Training Chip Based on CMOS Invertible Logic for Machine Learning (2019)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have recently shown state-of-the-art results on various applications, such as computer vision and recognition tasks. DNN inference engines can be implemented in hardware with high energy efficiency as the computation can be realized using a low-precision fixed point or even binary precision with sufficient cognition accuracies. On the other hand, training DNNs using the well-known back-propagation algorithm requires high-precision floating-point computations on a CPU and/or GPU causing significant power dissipation (more than hundreds of kW) and long training time (several days or more). In this paper, we demonstrate a training chip fabricated using a commercial 65-nm CMOS technology for machine learning. The chip performs training without back propagation by using invertible logic with stochastic computing that can directly obtain weight values using input/output training data with low precision suitable for inference. When training neurons that compute the weighted sum of all inputs and then apply a non-linear activation function, our chip demonstrates a reduction of power dissipation and latency by 99.98% and 99.95%, respectively, in comparison with a state-of-the-art software implementation.
Thomson scattering from laser induced plasma in air (2010)

The laser induced plasma in air produced by 6 ns, 532 nm Nd:YAG pulses with 25 mJ energy was studied using the Thomson scattering method and plasma imaging techniques. Plasma images and Thomson scattered spectra were registered at delay times ranging from 150 ns to 1 \\mus after the breakdown pulses. The electron density and temperature, as determined in the core of the plasma plume, were found to decrease from 7,4x 10^{17} cm^{-3} to about 1,03x10^{17} cm^{-3} and from 100 900 K to 22 700 K. The highly elevated electron temperatures are the result of plasma heating by the second, probe pulse in the Thomson scattering experiments.
Myocardial Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Chronic Mitral Regurgitation (2003)

TNF-alpha is expressed in the myocardium and plasma of MR patients. Correction of the LV volume overload with MV surgery results in reversal of TNF-alpha expression. There is a relationship between TNF-alpha expression and parameters of LV remodeling, suggesting that TNF-alpha may play a role in the pathogenesis of the LV remodeling that occurs in MR.
Chemical synthesis of erythropoietin glycoforms for insights into the relationship between glycosylation pattern and bioactivity (2016)

The role of sialyloligosaccharides on the surface of secreted glycoproteins is still unclear because of the difficulty in the preparation of sialylglycoproteins in a homogeneous form. We selected erythropoietin (EPO) as a target molecule and designed an efficient synthetic strategy for the chemical synthesis of a homogeneous form of five EPO glycoforms varying in glycosylation position and the number of human-type biantennary sialyloligosaccharides. A segment coupling strategy performed by native chemical ligation using six peptide segments including glycopeptides yielded homogeneous EPO glycopeptides, and folding experiments of these glycopeptides afforded the correctly folded EPO glycoforms. In an in vivo erythropoiesis assay in mice, all of the EPO glycoforms displayed biological activity, in particular the EPO bearing three sialyloligosaccharides, which exhibited the highest activity. Furthermore, we observed that the hydrophilicity and biological activity of the EPO glycoforms varied depending on the glycosylation pattern. This knowledge will pave the way for the development of homogeneous biologics by chemical synthesis.
Coupling of Terminal Olefins by Molybdenum(VI) Imido Alkylidene Complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoupling of Terminal Olefins by Molybdenum(VI) Imido Alkylidene ComplexesHarold H. Fox, Richard R. Schrock, and Rick O'DellCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 2, 635–639Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00014a039https://doi.org/10.1021/om00014a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and General Conditions for Negishi Cross‐Coupling Enabled by the Use of Palladacycle Precatalysts. (2013)

Abstract This is an efficient method for the Negishi coupling of in‐situ‐generated aryl zinc chlorides with aryl halides.
Event-Related Potentials Dissociate Immediate and Delayed Memory (1994)

Evidence from human amnesia suggests that immediate or working memory and long-term memory involve activation of two distinct neural systems, with a transfer of information from immediate to long-term memory occurring from 15 to 60 sec post encoding. Amnesiac patients can correctly repeat six or seven items and carry on apparently normal conversations. This immediate memory process has a limited capacity, so that the addition of new items will impair performance on old items in these patients (Squire, 1986). Further, if they are distracted for a few minutes, the patients will not recall the items or their conversation. Conversely, amnesiac patients are able to recall events that occurred before they sustained hippocampal system damage (Scoville and Milner, 1957). This suggests that while their working memory, long-term memory storage, and recall mechanisms are intact, the hippocampal damage has impaired their ability to transfer information from immediate memory to long-term storage. This transfer problem is referred to as a deficit in short-term memory or anterograde amnesia.
Supplementary Table 3 from Adipocyte-Derived Fibroblasts Promote Tumor Progression and Contribute to the Desmoplastic Reaction in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 74K, Age, anthropometric characteristics of control and cases series and clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Metal molecule GaAs devices using redox-active organic self-assembled monolayers (2007)

In the current study, we have developed and characterized metal-molecule-semiconductor devices using redox-active molecules, in which one or more molecular levels lies at an energy level near the contact Fermi level, and compared the performance of these devices to those of device structures with other molecular species. Au-molecule-GaAs heterostructures were fabricated to investigate the modulating effects of various self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the GaAs surface.
Controlled Formation and Mixing of Two-Dimensional Fluids (2007)

We introduce a novel technique for the controlled spreading and mixing of lipid monolayers from multilamellar precursors on surfaces covered by the hydrophobic epoxy resin SU-8. The lipid spreads as a monolayer as a result of the high surface tension between SU-8 and the aqueous environment. A micropatterned device with SU-8 lanes, injection pads, and mixing regions, surrounded by hydrophilic Au, was constructed to allow handling of lipid films and to achieve their mixing at controlled stoichiometry. Our findings offer a new approach to dynamic surface functionalization and decoration as well as surface-based catalysis and self-assembly.
Supplementary Table 1 from An Antimesothelin-Monomethyl Auristatin E Conjugate with Potent Antitumor Activity in Ovarian, Pancreatic, and Mesothelioma Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: Summary of 5B2 anti-mesothelin IHC literature and TMA details.&lt;/p&gt;