gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resolving the Regioregularity of Poly(N-n-hexyl-N′-phenylcarbodiimide) via Nitrogen-15 Labeling (2012)

Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were performed on an isotope-enriched poly(<i>N</i>-<i>n</i>-hexyl-<i>N</i>'-phenylcarbodiimide) to determine directly the connectivity and regioregularity of a polymer. Up to this point, the imine, C═N, IR stretch at 1660-1620 cm<sup>-1</sup> was thought to be a sufficient handle to elucidate the presence or absence of a regioregular microstructure; however, recent findings cast some uncertainties when expanded to all polycarbodiimides. Therefore, an enriched <sup>15</sup>N NMR study was undertaken to unambiguously resolve that a <i>N</i>-<i>n</i>-hexyl-<i>N</i>'-phenylcarbodiimide, when polymerized with a 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide trichlorotitanium(IV) catalyst in chloroform, will produce a completely regioregular polymer. The only regioisomer present is the one in which the phenyl pendant group is positioned on the imino-nitrogen. The study was expanded to a chiral, (<i>R</i>)-BINOL-Ti(IV)-diisopropoxide catalyst which revealed no change in the regioisomer or the degree of regioregularity. In addition to <sup>15</sup>N NMR spectra, the IR imine stretch exhibited isotope shifts for poly(<i>N</i>-<i>n</i>-hexyl-<i>N</i>'-phenylcarbodiimide) when labeled on both imino- and amino-nitrogen or solely the imino-nitrogen of ∼11 cm<sup>-1</sup>; however, no shift was manifested when labeling was restricted to the amino-nitrogen.
Precise Linear-Motor Synchronization Control Via Cross-Coupled Second-Order Discrete-Time Fractional-Order Sliding Mode (2020)

This article presents a universal method of precise synchronization control for linear-motor-driven systems. The control method named cross-coupled second-order discrete-time fractional-order sliding mode control contains a cross-coupled control strategy to reduce the incoordination among driving linear motors. It also includes the second-order structure and fractional-order sliding mode surface to reduce the chattering phenomenon and improve the dynamic performance simultaneously, so that the precision is further enhanced. In particular, a universal definition of synchronization error is presented so that a better synchronization control performance can be achieved, especially in multidimensional systems. It is also compatible well with the contouring control, which extends the application further. Moreover, the stability of the controller is analyzed in this article. Finally, the proposed control method is conducted in simulations and experiments under various tasks, whose results have proved its effectiveness and advantages over conventional methods.
Surface‐modified poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanospheres for targeted bone imaging with enhanced labeling and delivery of radioisotope (2003)

Abstract Surface‐modified nanospheres can be utilized for targeting drugs and diagnostic agents to the bone and bone marrow while extending their circulation time in the blood stream. The surface modification of poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres by radioisotope carrying poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly (propylene oxide)‐poly (ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers (Poloxamer 407) has been assessed by in vitro characterization and in vivo biodistribution studies after intravenous administration of the nanospheres to the mouse. A hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, a ligand for 125 I and 131 I labeling, was conjugated to the hydroxyl group of the Poloxamer 407 by using dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. The ligand‐conjugated Poloxamer 407 was adsorbed onto the surface of PLGA nanospheres. Surface coating was confirmed by measuring both size distribution and the surface charge of the nanospheres. Besides, 125 I‐labeling efficiency, radiolabeling stability, whole body imaging, and biodistribution of the radioisotope‐labeled nanospheres were examined. Ligand‐labeled, surface‐modified PLGA nanospheres were in 100‐nm size ranges, which may be adequate for long‐circulation and further bone imaging. 125 I‐labeling efficiency was &gt;90% and was more stable at human serum for 24 h. A noticeable decrease in liver or spleen uptake was obtained by the surface‐modified nanospheres. 125 I‐labeled nanospheres showed higher blood maintenance and bone uptake compared with stannous colloid with the same size distribution. Therefore, a fully biodegradable, radioisotope‐carrying, surface‐modified nanosphere system has been developed as a promising tool for targeting bone and bone marrows. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 751–760, 2003
Spectroscopic studies of the interaction of a high-power plasma stream with a solid on the GOL-3 facility (2008)

Experiments involving irradiation of carbon targets with a hot electron plasma stream performed on the GOL-3 facility were aimed at the simulation of the effect of hot plasma of a thermonuclear reactor on plasma collectors in regimes close to those expected in the ITER. In these experiments, the emphasis was on the study of the surface-erosion processes exposed to the plasma stream. The graphite evaporation and chemical-erosion processes were studied with absolutely calibrated spectroscopic systems of the visible region. Spectroscopic experiments yielded data on the flow of carbon atoms from the surface of a plasma collector and on the contribution of chemical erosion to the surface-damage process. The obtained values are compared with the results of direct measurements of the erosion depth and the results of numerical calculations.
Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of a F‐18‐labeled pancreatic islet amyloid inhibitor (2010)

Abstract Formation of islet amyloid deposits contributes to the progressive loss of beta‐cells in Type 2 diabetes. Islet amyloid is composed of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). [(N‐Me)G 24 , (N‐Me)I 26 ]hIAPP(22–27) peptide was found to bind human IAPP with high‐affinity and inhibit fibrillogenesis. We labeled [(N‐Me)G 24 , (N‐Me)I 26 ]hIAPP(22–27) with fluorine‐18 using N ‐succinimidyl‐4‐[ 18 F]fluorobenzoate. Results from biodistribution studies in healthy CF‐1 mice at 1 h p.i. indicated that 18 F‐peptide was cleared efficiently (0.04±0.02%ID/g remained in blood). The primary route of clearance from the body appears to be hepatobiliary. Radioactivity accumulation in liver, intestine, and kidney was 6.7±2.9, 60.3±18.5, and 0.2±0.0%ID, respectively. Other organs accumulated negligible radioactivity. As normal mice do not develop pancreatic amyloid deposits, only background radioactivity was seen in pancreas. The radio‐HPLC analysis of mouse urine at 2 h p.i. showed that ∼29.3% of injected 18 F‐peptide excreted intact along with two additional metabolite peaks. Dynamic microPET/CT imaging of a CF‐1 mouse injected with 18 F‐peptide indicated that radiotracer was rapidly taken up by liver and most of it moved into intestine within 10 min. The results provide a useful insight into the biological disposition of [(N‐Me)G 24 , (N‐Me)I 26 ]hIAPP(22–27) that is being developed as a pancreatic amyloid inhibitor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of spray-dried microcapsules propolis from Tetragonula species (2019)

The objective of this study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of propolis microcapsules from Tetragonula spp. A microplate reader was used to determine TPC and AA. Smooth propolis extract with the highest TPC and AA was used as core material for microencapsulation with maltodextrin and gum arabic as coating materials, prepared by using the spray-drying method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphologies of microcapsules. The spray-dried propolis (SDP) microcapsules exhibited the high TPC of 237.33 mg GAE/g, AA with the EC50 value of 34.823 µg/ml, moisture content at 6.32%, the water solubility was 92.48%. The SEM images of SDP microcapsules showed uniform spherical particles with sizes ranging from 0.8 to 4 µm. The conclusion was propolis with high total phenolic content can be prepared as a core material for microencapsulation with maltodextrin and gum arabic as a coating material using the spray-drying method. The microencapsulation could protect total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of propolis. It also improved their physical appearance and solubility index.
Nonablative radiofrequency for skin rejuvenation: a review of the literature (2012)

Signs of aging skin include wrinkles and laxity. Reversing these signs is gaining more importance especially with increasing life expectancy. For many years, ablative lasers have been considered the gold standard for skin rejuvenation. However, the desire by both subjects and physicians to achieve this with minimal side effects and shorter recovery times led to the emergence of various nonablative modalities. Nonablative radiofrequency was described by many studies as an effective and safe procedure for skin tightening. Herein, the authors review the outcomes of the recent studies and the latest developments in nonablative radiofrequency skin rejuvenation.
Mapping the diatom redox-sensitive proteome provides insight into response to nitrogen stress in the marine environment (2014)

Diatoms are ubiquitous marine photosynthetic eukaryotes responsible for approximately 20% of global photosynthesis. Little is known about the redox-based mechanisms that mediate diatom sensing and acclimation to environmental stress. Here we used a quantitative mass spectrometry-based approach to elucidate the redox-sensitive signaling network (redoxome) mediating the response of diatoms to oxidative stress. We quantified the degree of oxidation of 3,845 cysteines in the Phaeodactylum tricornutum proteome and identified approximately 300 redox-sensitive proteins. Intriguingly, we found redox-sensitive thiols in numerous enzymes composing the nitrogen assimilation pathway and the recently discovered diatom urea cycle. In agreement with this finding, the flux from nitrate into glutamine and glutamate, measured by the incorporation of (15)N, was strongly inhibited under oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, by targeting the redox-sensitive GFP sensor to various subcellular localizations, we mapped organelle-specific oxidation patterns in response to variations in nitrogen quota and quality. We propose that redox regulation of nitrogen metabolism allows rapid metabolic plasticity to ensure cellular homeostasis, and thus is essential for the ecological success of diatoms in the marine ecosystem.
A Novel Developmental and Immunodeficiency Syndrome Associated With Intrauterine Growth Retardation and a Lack of Natural Killer Cells (2004)

This novel syndrome probably is caused by an autosomal recessive gene defect impairing both intrauterine growth and natural killer cell development. The identification of other kindreds with this syndrome would facilitate the search for its genetic basis.
Multidisciplinary Multipoint Optimization of a Transonic Turbocharger Compressor (2012)

A transonic centrifugal compressor for turbocharger applications has been redesigned by means of a multidisciplinary multipoint optimization system composed of: a 3D Navier-Stokes solver, a Finite Element stress Analyzer, a Genetic Algorithm and an Artificial Neural Network. The latter makes use of a database, containing the geometry and corresponding performance of previously analyzed impellers and allows a considerable reduction in computational effort. The performance of every new geometry is verified by a 3D Navier-Stokes solver. A Finite Element Analysis verifies the mechanical integrity of the impeller. The geometrical description of the impeller has been extended to better adapt the inducer part of the impeller to transonic flows. The splitters are no longer copies of the full blades but specially designed for minimum losses and equal mass flow on both sides. The blade thickness and number of blades are unchanged because defined by robustness and inertia considerations. The operating range is guaranteed by a two-step optimization procedure. The first one provides information allowing a modification of the inlet section to guarantee the required choking mass flow and a more accurate prediction of the boundary conditions for the Navier-Stokes analysis of the modified impeller. The second one predicts the performance curve of the new geometry for which the choking mass flow is known. It is shown how these extensions of the optimization method have led to a considerable improvement of the efficiency and corresponding pressure ratio, while respecting the surge and choking limits without increase of the stress level.
Detoxified lipooligosaccharide from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae conjugated to proteins confers protection against otitis media in chinchillas (1997)

Detoxified-lipooligosaccharide (dLOS)-protein conjugates from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) elicited a significant rise of anti-LOS antibodies with bactericidal activity in rabbits (X.-X. Gu, C.-M. Tsai, T. Ueyama, S. J. Barenkamp, J. B. Robbins, and D. J. Lim, Infect. Immun. 64:4047-4053, 1996). In this study, we evaluated whether vaccination with the conjugates would protect against NTHi otitis media in chinchillas. Fifty-eight chinchillas received three subcutaneous or intramuscular injections of dLOS-conjugated tetanus toxoid, dLOS-conjugated high-molecular-weight proteins from NTHi, or saline (control) in Freund's adjuvant and then were challenged by intrabullar inoculation with 140 CFU of NTHi. All vaccinated animals responded with elevated serum titers of anti-LOS antibody, and 49% (19 of 39) demonstrated bactericidal activity against the homologous strain. Otitis media with culture-positive NTHi effusions developed in all 19 controls and 56% (22 of 39) of the vaccinated animals during a period of 21 days (P < 0.001). Bacterial counts of the middle ear effusions were lower in the vaccine groups than in the controls (P < 0.01). The incidences of infection in the unchallenged ear or inner ear were 26 or 28% in the vaccine groups and 53 or 58% in the controls (P < 0.05). The signs of infection observed by otoscopy were less severe in the vaccine groups than in the controls. There was no significant difference between the two vaccine groups. These data indicate that active immunization with LOS-based conjugates reduces the incidence of NTHi-induced otitis media.
Trusted wireless communications with spatial multiplexing (2017)

This chapter will introduce trusted communications in multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems via spatial multiplexing. We will start by considering the multiple-input single-output broadcast channel with confidential messages (BCC) under Rayleigh fading, where a multiantenna base station (BS) simultaneously transmits independent confidential messages to several spatially dispersed malicious users that can eavesdrop on each other. We will then present the broadcast channel with confidential messages and external eavesdroppers (BCCE), where a multiantenna BS simultaneously communicates to multiple malicious users, in the presence of a Poisson point process (PPP) of external eavesdroppers. Unlike the BCC, in the BCCE not just malicious users, but also randomly located external nodes can act as eavesdroppers. We will finally turn our attention to cellular networks where, unlike the case of isolated cells, multiple BSs generate intercell interference, and malicious users of neighboring cells can cooperate to eavesdrop. For these involved scenarios, we will present low-complexity transmission schemes based on linear precoding that can achieve secrecy at the physical layer, discuss their
Failure Analysis and ESD (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction ESD Failure: How Do Micro-electronic Devices Fail? Sensitivity of Semiconductor Components How Do Semiconductor Chips Fail—Are the Failures Random or Systematic? Closing Comments and Summary Problems References
Image Based Data Mining Using Per-voxel Cox Regression (2020)

Image Based Data Mining (IBDM) is a novel analysis technique allowing the interrogation of large amounts of routine radiotherapy data. Using this technique, unexpected correlations have been identified between dose close to the prostate and biochemical relapse, and between dose to the base of the heart and survival in lung cancer. However, most analyses to date have considered only dose when identifying a region of interest, with confounding variables accounted for <i>post-hoc</i>, most often using a multivariate Cox regression. In this work, we introduce a novel method to account for confounding variables directly in the analysis, by performing a Cox regression in every voxel of the dose distribution, and apply it in the analysis of a large cohort of lung cancer patients. Our method produces three-dimensional maps of hazard for clinical variables, accounting for dose at each spatial location in the patient. Results confirm that a region of interest exists in the base of the heart where those patients with poor performance status (PS), PS > 1, have a stronger adverse reaction to incidental dose, but that the effect changes when considering other clinical variables, with patient age becoming dominant. Analyses such as this will help shape future clinical trials in which hypotheses generated by the analysis will be tested.
Matrix decomposition for modeling lesion development processes in multiple sclerosis (2020)

Our main goal is to study and quantify the evolution of multiple sclerosis lesions observed longitudinally over many years in multi-sequence structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). To achieve that, we propose a class of functional models for capturing the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of the voxel-specific intensity trajectories in all sMRI sequences. To accommodate the hierarchical data structure (observations nested within voxels, which are nested within lesions, which, in turn, are nested within study participants), we use structured functional principal component analysis. We propose and evaluate the finite sample properties of hypothesis tests of therapeutic intervention effects on lesion evolution while accounting for the multilevel structure of the data. Using this novel testing strategy, we found statistically significant differences in lesion evolution between treatment groups.
Demand-Side Management of Domestic Electric Water Heaters Using Approximate Dynamic Programming (2016)

In this paper, two techniques based on Q -learning and action dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP) are demonstrated for the demand-side management of domestic electric water heaters (DEWHs). The problem is modeled as a dynamic programming problem, with the state space defined by the temperature of output water, the instantaneous hot water consumption rate, and the estimated grid load. According to simulation, Q-learning and ADHDP reduce the cost of energy consumed by DEWHs by approximately 26% and 21%, respectively. The simulation results also indicate that these techniques will minimize the energy consumed during load peak periods. As a result, the customers saved about $466 and $367 annually by using Q-learning and ADHDP techniques to control their DEWHs (100 gallons tank size) operation, which is better than the cost reduction that resulted from using the state-of-the-art ($246) control technique under the same simulation parameters. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first work that uses the approximate dynamic programming techniques to solve the DEWH's load management problem.
Triangular shaped defects limiting reverse blocking performance of 4H Silicon Carbide high power junction barrier Schottky devices (2007)

In this study, we examined triangular defects (TD) present in 4H-SiC junction barrier Schottky devices (JBS) by means of I-V measurements, infrared (IR) microscopy, electron beam induced current (EBIC), and electroluminescence (EL). The structure of TD's was analyzed by Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy (NDIC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). IR-microscopy images provide direct evidence that TD could cause a high localized leakage current under reverse bias. Structural analysis of a benign TD revealed that it contained a thin inclusion layer with a thickness in single nanometer range. This further strengthens the hypothesis that the breakdown is a consequence of the formation of a 3C and 4H interface.
Wideband Radio Frequency Interference Cancellation for High-Sensitivity Phased Array Receivers With True Time Delays and Truncated Hadamard Projection (2022)

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is a significant challenge for high-sensitivity phased array instruments. RFI can be suppressed using digital signal processing, but to improve dynamic range for wideband RFI, it can be desirable to remove interference in the analog domain before sampling. In previous work, it has been shown that analog true time delay (TTD) stages with a truncated Hadamard transform can place a wide-band spatial null on RFI from a given direction of arrival. We show that TTD and Hadamard projection is mathematically equivalent to a bank of classical narrow-band subspace projection beamformers, but with a structure that allows efficient implementation in either analog circuitry or digital hardware. We analyze how loss in the TTD blocks and time delay errors affect beamformer performance and propose methods for calibrating time delays. Simulation results show that ideal TTD and Hadamard projection matches the bank of subspace projection beamformers and places deep nulls over wideband RFI signals while achieving SNR performance comparable to the maximum signal-to-interference and -noise ratio beamformer.
Total Synthesis of Rapamycin and Demethoxyrapamycin (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Synthesis of Rapamycin and DemethoxyrapamycinAmos B. Smith III, Stephen M. Condon, John A. McCauley, Johnnie L. Leazer Jr., James W. Leahy, and Robert E. Maleczka Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 19, 5407–5408Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00124a043Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1456Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (258 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figure S3 from RhoB Determines Tumor Aggressiveness in a Murine EGFR<sup>L858R</sup>-Induced Adenocarcinoma Model and Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Lepidic Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. Representative image of a PAS diastase-stained lung adenoma including a positive control of a mucin-rich bronchus&lt;/p&gt;