gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CMOS chopper-stabilized differential difference amplifier for biomedical integrated circuits (2004)

A new CMOS chopper-stabilized differential difference amplifier (CHSDDA) that exploits the combination of chopper technique with differential difference amplifier is proposed, with advantages for use in instrumentation circuits requiring floating differential input and single-ended output. When configured as an instrumentation amplifier (IA), it operates as the analog front-end (AFE) for an electroencephalogram (EEG) recording system in integrated biomedical systems. The measurement results have shown that it achieves 1/f noise reduction, CMRR more than 120 dB (0-700 Hz), dc offset less than 16.5 /spl mu/V and current drain of 150 /spl mu/A at a 3 V single supply using a standard 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Bit-rate-variable and order-switchable optical multiplexing of high-speed pseudorandom bit sequence using optical delays (2010)

We experimentally demonstrate high-speed optical pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) multiplexing with coarse and fine bit-rate tuning capability and a switchable order using optical delays. Data multiplexing of 80 Gbit/s and 160 Gbit/s is shown, each with a tunable rate using a conversion/dispersion-based continuously tunable optical delay and tunable PRBS order with large switchable fiber delays. A 7% bit-rate tunability, i.e., 80-85.6 Gbit/s and 160-171.2 Gbit/s, is shown for both 2(7)-1 and 2(15)-1 PRBS. The rf spectra before and after multiplexing are measured in each case and show a suppression ratio of >30 dB, exhibiting the expected PRBS spectral characteristics.
Signal Cancellation Techniques for RF Watermark Detection in an ATSC Mobile DTV System (2011)

The popularity of Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) mobile digital television (DTV) [mobile/handheld (M/H)] cultivates a fast growing demand on transmitter identification (TxID) in a mobile environment. The ATSC A/110 standard addresses this need with a TxID system using a radio-frequency (RF) watermark. This paper studies the use of DTV signal cancellation techniques in RF watermark detection. In particular, we develop two schemes, namely, decision feedback convolution and decision feedback equalizer (DFE) decision-directed (DD) error, to meet different application scenarios. The first scheme is designed for static and slow-fading channels, whereas the second scheme is designed for dynamic and fast-fading channels. We have conducted computer simulation on TxID over various channel conditions to evaluate the performance of our schemes. Numerical results show that DTV signal cancellation can significantly boost the signal-to-noise (SNR) level of RF watermark and thus reinforce TxID in a mobile environment.
The Role of CD133 in Normal Human Prostate Stem Cells and Malignant Cancer-Initiating Cells (2008)

Resolving the specific cell of origin for prostate cancer is critical to define rational targets for therapeutic intervention and requires the isolation and characterization of both normal human prostate stem cells and prostate cancer-initiating cells (CIC). Single epithelial cells from fresh normal human prostate tissue and prostate epithelial cell (PrEC) cultures derived from them were evaluated for the presence of subpopulations expressing stem cell markers and exhibiting stem-like growth characteristics. When epithelial cell suspensions containing cells expressing the stem cell marker CD133+ are inoculated in vivo, regeneration of stratified human prostate glands requires inductive prostate stromal cells. PrEC cultures contain a small subpopulation of CD133+ cells, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified CD133+ PrECs self-renew and regenerate cell populations expressing markers of transit-amplifying cells (DeltaNp63), intermediate cells (prostate stem cell antigen), and neuroendocrine cells (CD56). Using a series of CD133 monoclonal antibodies, attachment and growth of CD133+ PrECs requires surface expression of full-length glycosylated CD133 protein. Within a series of androgen receptor-positive (AR+) human prostate cancer cell lines, CD133+ cells are present at a low frequency, self-renew, express AR, generate phenotypically heterogeneous progeny negative for CD133, and possess an unlimited proliferative capacity, consistent with CD133+ cells being CICs. Unlike normal adult prostate stem cells, prostate CICs are AR+ and do not require functional CD133. This suggests that (a) AR-expressing prostate CICs are derived from a malignantly transformed intermediate cell that acquires "stem-like activity" and not from a malignantly transformed normal stem cell and (b) AR signaling pathways are a therapeutic target for prostate CICs.
Mimicking of Arginine by FunctionalizedNω-Carbamoylated Arginine As a New Broadly Applicable Approach to Labeled Bioactive Peptides: High Affinity Angiotensin, Neuropeptide Y, Neuropeptide FF, and Neurotensin Receptor Ligands As Examples (2016)

Derivatization of biologically active peptides by conjugation with fluorophores or radionuclide-bearing moieties is an effective and commonly used approach to prepare molecular tools and diagnostic agents. Whereas lysine, cysteine, and N-terminal amino acids have been mostly used for peptide conjugation, we describe a new, widely applicable approach to peptide conjugation based on the nonclassical bioisosteric replacement of the guanidine group in arginine by a functionalized carbamoylguanidine moiety. Four arginine-containing peptide receptor ligands (angiotensin II, neurotensin(8-13), an analogue of the C-terminal pentapeptide of neuropeptide Y, and a neuropeptide FF analogue) were subject of this proof-of-concept study. The N(ω)-carbamoylated arginines, bearing spacers with a terminal amino group, were incorporated into the peptides by standard Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis. The synthesized chemically stable peptide derivatives showed high receptor affinities with Ki values in the low nanomolar range, even when bulky fluorophores had been attached. Two new tritiated tracers for angiotensin and neurotensin receptors are described.
Comparing the Performances of Optical DQPSK Signal Generated by Single Modulator With and Without Pulse Carver (2006)

Optical DQPSK signals are generated using one DD-MZM. Using a RZ carver, the ripple effect in the NRZ format can be effectively suppressed and 4 dB receiving sensitivity improvement can be achieved after 60km fiber transmission.
Sampling Rate Selection for Fractional Sampling in OFDM (2008)

Through fractional sampling, it is possible to separate multipath components and achieve diversity gain. However, power consumption grows as the sampling rate increases. This paper proposes a novel scheme for OFDM systems that selects the sampling rate according to the channel's frequency response. Numerical results through computer simulation show that the proposed sampling rate selection scheme reduces power consumption by reducing oversampling ratio when delay spread is small.
On Predicting lung cancer subtypes using ‘omic’ data from tumor and tumor-adjacent histologically-normal tissue (2016)

The results from this study confirm that computational methods using tumor and TAHN tissue can serve as a prognostic tool for lung cancer subtype classification. Our study complements results from other studies where TAHN tissue has been used as prognostic tool for prostate cancer. The clinical implications of this finding could greatly benefit lung cancer patients.
Bandwidth Guaranteed Routing With Fast Restoration Against Link and Node Failures (2008)

An important feature of MPLS networks is local restoration where detour paths are set-up a priori. The detour is such that failed links or nodes can be bypassed locally from the first node that is upstream from the failures. This local bypass activation from the first detection point for failures permits much faster recovery than end-to-end path based mechanisms that require failure information to propagate to the network edges. However, local restoration of bandwidth guaranteed connections can be expensive in the additional network capacity needed. Hence, it is important to minimize and share restoration capacity. The problem of routing with local restoration requirements has been studied previously in a dynamic on-line setting. However, there are no satisfactory algorithms for the problem of pre-provisioning fast restorable connections when the aggregate traffic demands are known (as would be the case when a set of routers are to be interconnected over an optical network or for pre-provisioned ATM over MPLS overlays). The contribution of this paper is a fast combinatorial approximation algorithm for maximizing throughput when the routed traffic is required to be locally restorable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first combinatorial algorithm for the problem with a performance guarantee. Our algorithm is a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS), i.e., for any given epsiv > 0, it guarantees (1+epsiv)-factor closeness to the optimal solution, and runs in time polynomial in the network size and [ 1/( epsiv)]. We compare the throughput of locally restorable routing with that of unprotected routing and 1+1-dedicated path protection on actual US/European ISP topologies taken from the Rocketfuel project .
Evidence of Photocarrier Generation via the Singlet and Triplet States in a Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) Film (2005)

Abstract A significant wavelength dependence of the excitation light was observed in the magnetic field effects (MFE) on the photocarrier generation of a benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarbonitrile-doped poly(N-vinylcarbazole) film. The excitation of the carbazole induces positive MFEs, indicating an enhancement of the photoconductivity originating from the charge separation through the triplet exciton. In contrast, a singlet spin state governs the photocarrier generation in the case of the charge transfer band excitation, because negative MFEs are induced.
Liquid‐Crystalline, Substituted Octakis‐(dimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxanes: Oligomeric Supermolecular Materials with Defined Topology (1996)

Cuboid silsesquioxanes with appropriate side chains (see below; n = 4, 6, 11) provide a means of structuring soft matter with inorganic cores. These compounds combine material characteristics of polymer and low molecular mass liquid crystals.
ChemInform Abstract: USES OF PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS. VIII. SYNTHESIS AND SOME REACTIONS OF TETRASUBSTITUTED 6,6‐DIHALOBICYCLO(3.1.0)HEX‐3‐EN‐2‐ONES (1981)

Abstract Im Rahmen von Untersuchungen zur Selektivität bei Reaktionen elektrophiler Carbene mit Mehrfachbindungs‐ Systemen werden die Titelverbindungen (II) (Ausb. für X: ‐Cl 91 ‐96%, für X: ‐Br 48‐74%) und (IV) dargestellt.
LGN abnormalities in human amblyopes revealed by high-field fMRI (2010)

Aims. To compare the responsiveness of the LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) when driven by the fixing and fellow amblyopic eye in a group of adult amblyopes. Methods. MR images were acquired on a 4T Bruker MedSpec scanner using a TR of 1.5sec. A binocular localizer was used to establish an ROI for the left and right LGN for each of 5 amblyopic observers. Stimuli were flickering (8Hz) coloured checkerboards that were presented in a block design alternating between the stimulus and a blank of zero luminance. LGN activation driven by fixing and fellow amblyopic eyes was compared. Results. Clear interocular response differences were observed in all five amblyopic subjects with stronger responses (peak and integrated response activity) coming from the fixing eye. Across our sample of amblyopes there was a significantly weaker response from the amblyopic eye for 9 out of the 10 LGNs. Conclusions. There is an amblyopic eye processing deficit at the level of the LGN. A previous VBM study (Barnes et al, HBM 2006 abst.) suggested a significant correlation between the functional deficit in the cortex and LGN structure in human amblyopes. Here we show that LGN function, when driven by the amblyopic eye, is anomalous.
Effect of acute hypoxia exposure on the availability of A1 adenosine receptors in the human brain measured with [F-18]CPFPX PET (2023)

Ziel/Aim Normobaric hypoxia induces numerous adaptive changes, e. g., in cerebral blood flow, metabolism and electrical activity. Adenosine, as an inhibitory neuromodulator, is produced in and/or released to the interstitial space during hypoxia and assumed to mediate several of these effects. A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) antagonism or knock-out attenuates this neuronal inhibition in mice. Here we tested the hypothesis that exposure to an interval of hypoxia compared to an interval of normoxia (control) reduces the availability of A1AR in the human brain, due to hypoxia-triggered rise of endogenous adenosine. As exploratory objectives, we tested the hypotheses that psychomotor vigilance is affected during hypoxia and that cerebral blood flow is altered.
ARcall: Real-Time AR Communication using Smartphones and Smartglasses (2022)

Augmented Reality (AR) smartglasses are increasingly regarded as the next generation personal computing platform. However, there is a lack of understanding about how to design communication systems using them. We present ARcall, a novel Augmented Reality-based real-time communication system that enables an immersive, delightful, and privacy-preserving experience between a smartphone user and a smartglasses wearer. ARcall allows a remote friend (Friend) to send and project AR content to a smartglasses wearer (Wearer). The ARcall system was designed with the practical limits of existing AR glasses in mind, including shorter battery life and a reduced field of view. We conduct a qualitative evaluation of the three main components of ARcall: Drop-In, ARaction, and Micro-Chat. Our results provide novel insights for building future AR-based communication methods, including, the importance of context priming, user control over AR content placement, and the feeling of co-presence while conversing.
Quantum Chemistry Based Statistical Mechanical Model of Hydrogen Desorption from Si(100)-2 × 1, Ge(100)-2 × 1, and SiGe Alloy Surfaces (2004)

A model for temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of hydrogen from the Si(100)-2 × 1, Ge(100)-2 × 1, and SiGe alloy surfaces is presented. In the model, density functional theory is used to calculate the activation barriers of hydrogen desorption, and statistical mechanics is applied to determine the distribution of hydride species on the Si(100)-2 × 1, Ge(100)-2 × 1, and SiGe alloy surfaces using the DFT results. Hydrogen desorption via both the prepairing mechanism and the interdimer mechanisms is considered. The overall rates of hydrogen desorption from the surfaces are determined by the statistical model, and TPD spectra are simulated from the overall desorption rates. We find that, although the TPD spectra simulated according to the prepairing mechanism are consistent with the near-first-order kinetics observed experimentally on the Si(100)-2 × 1 and Ge(100)-2 × 1 surfaces, hydrogen desorption via interdimer mechanisms results in peak temperatures more consistent with experiments. We also consider two kinetic models which combine the contributions from both mechanisms and find better agreement with experiments in terms of both desorption peak temperatures and reaction orders. Finally, we have modeled hydrogen desorption from SiGe alloy surfaces.
Polyoxovanadometalate‐Catalyzed Selective Epoxidation of Alkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide (2005)

Die bis(μ-hydroxo)-verbrückte Dioxovanadiumeinheit in [γ-1,2-H2SiV2W10O40]4− katalysiert die Epoxidierung von Alkenen in Gegenwart von nur einem Äquivalent H2O2, wobei das Epoxid in hoher Ausbeute gebildet und H2O2 sehr effizient genutzt wird. Zudem ist die Regioselektivität ungewöhnlich und die Diastereoselektivität einmalig (siehe Bild). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z500491_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Manual bamboo cutting tool (2012)

The paper presents the development of a cutting tool guide, specifically for the harvest of bamboo. The development was made based on precepts of eco-design and ergonomics, for prioritizing the physical health of the operator and the maintenance of the environment, as well as meet specific requirements of bamboo. The main goal is to spread the use of bamboo as construction material, handicrafts, among others, from a handy, easy assembly and material available tool.
Investigating gas phase dissociation pathways of crosslinked peptides : application to protein complex determination. (2005)

Chemical crosslinking is an important tool for probing protein structure and protein-protein interactions. The approach usually involves crosslinking of specific amino acids within a folded protein or protein complex, enzymatic digestion of the crosslinked protein(s), and identification of the resulting crosslinked peptides by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In this manner, distance constraints are obtained for residues that must be in close proximity to one another in the native structure or complex. As the complexity of the system under study increases, for example, a large multi-protein complex, simply measuring the mass of a crosslinked species will not always be sufficient to determine the identity of the crosslinked peptides. In such a case, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) could provide the required information if the data can be properly interpreted. In MS/MS, a species of interest is isolated in the gas phase and allowed to undergo collision induced dissociation (CID). Because the gas-phase dissociation pathways of peptides have been well studied, methods are established for determining peptide sequence by MS/MS. However, although crosslinked peptides dissociate through some of the same pathways as isolated peptides, the additional dissociation pathways available to the former have not been studied in detail. Software such as MS2Assign hasmore » been written to assist in the interpretation of MS/MS from crosslinked peptide species, but it would be greatly enhanced by a more thorough understanding of how these species dissociate. We are thus systematically investigating the dissociation pathways open to crosslinked peptide species. A series of polyalanine and polyglycine model peptides have been synthesized containing one or two lysine residues to generate defined inter- and intra-molecular crosslinked species, respectively. Each peptide contains 11 total residues, and one arginine residue is present at the carboxy terminus to mimic species generated by tryptic digestion. The peptides have been allowed to react with a series of commonly used crosslinkers such as DSS, DSG, and DST. The tandem mass spectra acquired for these crosslinked species are being examined as a function of crosslinker identity, site(s) of crosslinking, and precursor charge state. Results from these model studies and observations from actual experimental systems are being incorporated into the MS2Assign software to enhance our ability to effectively use chemical crosslinking in protein complex determination.« less
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Inhibit Cellular Respiration (2008)

We studied the effect of two types of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, MCM-41 and SBA-15, on mitochondrial O 2 consumption (respiration) in HL-60 (myeloid) cells, Jurkat (lymphoid) cells, and isolated mitochondria. SBA-15 inhibited cellular respiration at 25-500 microg/mL; the inhibition was concentration-dependent and time-dependent. The cellular ATP profile paralleled that of respiration. MCM-41 had no noticeable effect on respiration rate. In cells depleted of metabolic fuels, 50 microg/mL SBA-15 delayed the onset of glucose-supported respiration by 12 min and 200 microg/mL SBA-15 by 34 min; MCM-41 also delayed the onset of glucose-supported respiration. Neither SBA-15 nor MCM-41 affected cellular glutathione. Both nanoparticles inhibited respiration of isolated mitochondria and submitochondrial particles.
Reprint of: Negative carbon cluster ion beams: New evidence for the special nature of C60 (2013)

Cold carbon cluster negative ions are formed by supersonic expansion of a plasma created at the nozzle of a supersonic cluster beam source by an excimer laser pulse. The observed distribution of mass peaks for the Cn- ions for n > 40 demonstrates that the evidence previously given for the special stability of neutral C60 and the existence of spheroidal carbon shells cannot be an artifact of the ionization conditions.
Comparison of structural and optical properties of blue emitting In0.15Ga0.85N/GaN multi-quantum-well layers grown on sapphire and silicon substrates (2019)

Six periods of 2-nm-thick In0.15Ga0.85N/13-nm-thick GaN blue emitting multi-quantum-well (MQW) layers are grown on sapphire (Al2O3) and silicon (Si) substrates. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL), Micro-PL, and time-resolved PL are used to compare the structural and optical properties, and the carrier dynamics of the blue emitting active layers grown on Al2O3 and Si substrates. Indium clustering in the MQW layers is observed to be more pronounced on Al2O3 than those on Si as revealed through investigating band-filling effects of emission centers, S-shaped peak emission energy shifts with increasing temperature, and PL intensity-peak energy spatial nonuniformity correlations. The smaller indium clustering effects in MQW on Si are attributed to the residual tensile strain in the GaN buffer layer, which decreases the compressive strain and thus the piezoelectric polarization field in the InGaN quantum wells. Despite a 30% thinner total epitaxial thickness of 3.3 µm, MQW on Si exhibits a higher IQE than those on Al2O3 in terms of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) at temperatures below 250 K, and a similar IQE at 300 K (30% vs 33%). These results show that growth of blue emitting MQW layers on Si is a promising approach compared to those conventionally grown on Al2O3.
The proteome of IVF-induced aberrant embryo-maternal crosstalk by implantation stage in ewes (2020)

Systematic proteomic profiling provides insights to understand the mechanisms that underlie the aberrant IVF embryo-maternal crosstalk. This might be helpful to develop practical strategies to prevent implantation failure following IVF-ET.
Ferrocenyl Maleimides – Synthesis, (Spectro‐)Electrochemistry, and Solvatochromism (2012)

Abstract Ferrocenylmaleimides have been synthesized from 2,5‐dibromo‐ N ‐methyl‐1 H ‐pyrrole. Bromine shift and oxidation of the pyrrole core with subsequent ferrocenylation using the Negishi C–C cross‐coupling protocol led to the formation of 3‐ferrocenyl‐ N ‐methylmaleimide ( 3 ), 3‐bromo‐4‐ferrocenyl‐ N ‐methylmaleimide ( 4 ), and 3,4‐diferrocenyl‐ N ‐methylmaleimide ( 5 ). The structural properties of 4 and 5 were investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry, in situ UV/Vis/NIR and IR spectroelectrochemistry ( 5 ) highlight the electrochemical properties of these compounds. Compounds 3 and 4 exhibit one reversible ferrocenyl‐based redox event, whereas 5 shows two separate electrochemically reversible one‐electron transfer processes with remarkably high Δ E° ′ values and reduction potentials of E 1 °′ = 50 and E 2 °′ = 380 mV (Δ E° ′ = 330 mV), respectively, with [NBu 4 ][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] as the supporting electrolyte. The NIR measurements confirm the electronic communication between the iron centers (Fe II /Fe III ) as intervalence charge transfer absorptions were observed in 5 + . Compound 5 was classified as a weakly coupled class II system, according to Robin and Day. UV/Vis investigations of the solvatochromic behavior of 3 – 5 revealed the complex solvation of these push–pull systems, which reflects that three important solvent properties (hydrogen bond formation ability, polarizability, and solvation of the carbonyl group and the C=C bond) affect $\tilde {\nu}$ max .