gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carrier transport in Ge nanowire/Si substrate heterojunctions (2007)

Low impedance and negligible conductivity temperature dependence are found for micron-long Ge nanowires (NWs) grown on (p+)Si substrates. In contrast, Ge NW/(n+)Si substrate samples exhibit many orders of magnitude higher impedance, an exponential dependence of conductivity on temperature, current instabilities, and negative differential photoconductivity. Our experimental results are explained by a model that considers energy-band alignment and carrier transport in abrupt Ge NW/Si substrate heterojunctions.
Experimental investigation of the characteristics of radioactive beams for heavy ion therapy (2020)

The <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>RBE</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:math> values for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:msup> </mml:math> C and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:msup> </mml:math> O were found to be within the 95% confidence interval of the RBEs estimated for their corresponding stable isotopes across each of the regions in which it was evaluated. Furthermore, for a given dose, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:msup> </mml:math> C and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:msup> </mml:math> O beams produce much better quality images for range verification compared with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:msup> </mml:math> C and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mn>16</mml:mn></mml:msup> </mml:math> O, in particular with regard to estimating the location of the Bragg peak.
Right coronary artery becomes stiffer with increase in elastin and collagen in right ventricular hypertrophy (2009)

Changes in blood flow influence the structure, function, mechanical properties, and remodeling of arteries. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of increased blood flow on the biaxial incremental elastic moduli of the porcine right coronary artery (RCA) and to determine the microstructural basis for the changes in moduli. We hypothesized that an increase in RCA flow will lead to increased stiffness in conjunction with remodeling of elastin and collagen in the vessel wall. The control and experimental groups consisted of five RCA vessels each. The RCA of the experimental group was exposed to 4 wk of flow-overload in right ventricular hypertrophy induced by pulmonary artery banding. Stress-strain relationships were determined and the incremental elastic moduli were derived in the circumferential, axial, and cross directions. The results show a significant increase in the elastic moduli in the circumferential (262.7 +/- 15.7 vs. 120.2 +/- 12.4 kPa; P < 0.001), axial (177.8 +/- 25.5 vs. 100.3 +/- 11.9 kPa; P = 0.025), and cross directions (104.8 +/- 8.2 vs. 68.2 +/- 8.6 kPa; P = 0.016) of the experimental RCA compared with controls. Multiphoton microscopy was used to assess the changes in elastin and collagen content in the media and adventitia of the vessel wall. We found a significant increase in elastin and collagen area fraction particularly in the adventitial layer. These data suggest stiffening of the vessel wall as a result of increased elastin and more predominantly collagen.
The Coming of the West: European Cambodian Marketplace Connectivity, 1500–1800 (2018)

The Cambodia kingdom experienced the intertwined forces of political, social, and religious elites transforming the very nature of its longstanding rural economy from the fifteenth into the sixteenth century. In doing so, they took advantage of new commercial opportunities for raw materials and finished goods. Multiple international commercial and maritime diasporic communities were initially drawn from China and subsequently attracted interest from diverse global seas, such as the Japanese, Middle Eastern, and early European merchant explorers. The financial boon that resulted placed sixteenth-century Cambodia in a favourable position relative to its neighbours. An increasingly competitive commercial marketplace for moderate to luxury and high value goods grew regionally. However, by the eighteenth century Cambodia was less engaged in international commerce than in the prior two centuries with negative consequence.
The Future of Nonmetallic Composite Materials in Upstream Applications (2019)

Abstract Corrosion in oil and gas operations is generally caused by water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and can be aggravated in downhole applications where high temperatures combination with H2S introduce other challenges related to corrosion and iron sulfide (FeS) scale formation. The repair costs from corrosion attacks are very high and associated failures have effects on plant production rates and process integrity. To overcome this existing problem in upstream, nonmetallic composite materials were introduced for drilling, tubular and completions in high risk, corrosive environments. The goal being to increase the well life cycle and minimize the effect of corrosion, scale and friction in carbon steel tubulars. The new proposed materials have light weight, high strength, and superior fatigue resistance in addition to an outstanding corrosion resistance that is able to surpass many metallic materials. The economic analysis shows that utilization of nonmetallic tubulars and internal linings will yield substantial life cycle cost saving per well mainly due to the elimination of workover operations. However, with these advantages, composite materials pose several challenges such as single source provision, high initial cost of raw materials, the manufacturing process and the limitation of standards. As results, the polymer and composite solutions for upstream oil and gas are still very limited even in targeting low risk applications such as low temperature and pressure scenarios. Therefore, research &amp; development (R&amp;D) efforts are ongoing to increase the operation envelope and introduce cost effective raw materials for high-pressure, high temperature (HPHT) subsurface applications. The present paper highlights practical examples of nonmetallic materials selection and qualification for upstream water injection/producer and hydrocarbon wells. Several future NM applications in upstream will be summarized. Challenges and R&amp;D forward strategies are presented in order to expand the operation envelope of current materials and increase NM deployment to more complex wells, i.e., extended reach drilling (ERD).
A narrowband plasmonic terahertz detector with a monolithic hot electron bolometer (2009)

We have fabricated and characterized plasmonic terahertz detectors that integrate a voltage controlled planar barrier with a grating gated GaAs/AlGaAs high electron mobility transistor. These detectors exhibit a narrowband, tunable plasmonic response. Substantially increased responsivity is achieved by introducing an independently biased, narrow gate that produces a lateral potential barrier adjacent to the drain when biased to pinch-off. DC electrical characterization in conjunction with bias-dependent terahertz responsivity and time constant measurements indicate that a hot electron bolometric effect is the dominant response mechanism over a broad range of experimental conditions. The temperature dependence of the bolometric response is consistent with the energy relaxation time and absorption coefficient of a 2DEG. Rectification resulting from non-linear current-voltage characteristics also appears to contribute to the response. Additionally, we have begun investigating the operation of this device with the full grating gate biased to pinch-off to produce many detection elements in series.
Transcriptomic data during seed maturation in dormant and non-dormant genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2019)

The present data profiles a large scale transcriptome changes in seed tissues (embryo and endosperm) during maturation in dormant and non-dormant genotypes of hexaploid wheat. Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that has a significant influence on the incidence of preharvest sprouting, which is referred to as the germination of grains on the spike prior to harvest, in wheat. Given that preharvest sprouting causes a substantial yield and quality losses, elucidation of the molecular features that regulate seed dormancy has a paramount significance in the development of preharvest sprouting resistant wheat cultivars. The data presented here was produced from total RNA/mRNA samples isolated from developing seeds of dormant and non-dormant wheat genotypes using the Affymetrix GeneChip Wheat Genome Array. The raw and normalized formats of these data are available in Gene Expression Ominbus (GEO), NCBI's gene expression data repository, with accession number GSE83077.
Multiphase Structural Evolution and Geodynamic Implications of Messinian Salt‐Related Structures, Levant Basin, Offshore Israel (2018)

Abstract Speculations surround salt deformation in the Mediterranean Basins, both related to the deformation history and the triggers for halokinesis since the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. This work presents a detailed description of the mechanisms driving internal and external deformation of a salt giant from the Levant Basin, offshore Israel. The intrasalt siliciclastic layers generate good internal reflectivity within the Messinian evaporites, allowing a thorough elucidation of the complex evolution and nature of syn‐Messinian and post‐Messinian structures. We have identified three distinct phases of deformation in the deep basin, based on the orientation, timing, and geometry of their related structures: The first phase is characterized by small‐scaled, gravity‐driven, contractional faults and folds oriented N‐S that have been overprinted by a second syn‐Messinian, NW‐SE trending, deformation phase affecting the clastic bundles. This latter deformation phase is the cause of truncation of the intrasalt stringers on the intra‐Messinian truncation surface. The third deformation phase occurred in the Pleistocene and affected all strata from the Messinian salt to the seabed. This deformational phase produced thrust, strike‐slip, and normal faults, but the dominant orientation of the thrust faults and folds is NNW‐SSE. Our study demonstrates that the first deformation phase was caused by regional uplift along the Levant margin during the Messinian, the second is a response to basin subsidence toward the Cyprus Arc, also syn‐Messinian, and the third phase is likely related to the reorganization of the African‐Eurasian plate boundary and activity along the Dead Sea Transform after the Messinian Salinity Crisis.
Multiple Buck-Chopper using Partial Resonant Switching (2001)

This paper proposed that an AC-DC converter system using multiple buck-chopper operates with four choppers connecting to a number of parallel circuits, To improve these, a large number of soft switching topologies included a resonant circuit have been proposed And, some simulative results on computer are included to confirm the validity of th e analytical results The partial resonant circuit makes use of an inductor using step-down and a condenser of loss-less snubber The result is that the switching loss is very low and the efficiency of system is high And the snubber condenser used in a partial resonant circuit makes charging energy regenerated at input power source for resonant operation The proposed conversion system is deemed the most suitable for high power applications where the power switching devices are used.
Poly(ether imide)-silica hybrid coatings for tunable corrosion behavior and improved biocompatibility of magnesium implants (2016)

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have gained considerable attention as a promising biomaterial for bioresorbable orthopedic implants, but the corrosion behavior of Mg-based implants is still the major issue for clinical use. In order to improve the corrosion stability and implant-tissue interfaces of these implants, methods for coating Mg have been actively investigated. In this study, poly(ether imide) (PEI)-silica hybrid material was coated on Mg, for the tunable degradation and enhanced biological behavior. Homogeneous PEI-silica hybrid materials with various silica contents were coated on Mg substrates without any cracks, where silica nanoparticles were well dispersed in the PEI matrix without significant particle agglomeration up the 30 vol% silica. The hybrid coatings maintained good adhesion strength of PEI to Mg. The corrosion rate of hybrid-coated Mg was increased along with the increment of the silica content, due to improved hydrophilicity of the hybrid coating layers. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the hybrid-coated Mg specimens was significantly improved, mainly due to the higher Mg ion concentrations associated with faster corrosion, compared to PEI-coated Mg. Therefore, PEI-silica hybrid systems have significant potential as a coating material of Mg for load-bearing orthopedic applications by providing tunable corrosion behavior and enhanced biological performance.
Table S1 from TAS-120 Overcomes Resistance to ATP-Competitive FGFR Inhibitors in Patients with FGFR2 Fusion–Positive Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primer sequences&lt;/p&gt;
Scaffold Proteins: Hubs for Controlling the Flow of Cellular Information (2011)

The spatial and temporal organization of molecules within a cell is critical for coordinating the many distinct activities carried out by the cell. In an increasing number of biological signaling processes, scaffold proteins have been found to play a central role in physically assembling the relevant molecular components. Although most scaffolds use a simple tethering mechanism to increase the efficiency of interaction between individual partner molecules, these proteins can also exert complex allosteric control over their partners and are themselves the target of regulation. Scaffold proteins offer a simple, flexible strategy for regulating selectivity in pathways, shaping output behaviors, and achieving new responses from preexisting signaling components. As a result, scaffold proteins have been exploited by evolution, pathogens, and cellular engineers to reshape cellular behavior.
Design and Characterization of a Hybrid Frequency Domain/Continuous Wave Breast Imaging System (2012)

The design of a new hybrid breast optical imaging signal detection system is described using photodiodes together with PMTs. The goal of this design is to better quantify chromophores in tissue with a wider wavelength band.
Golgi Structure in Three Dimensions: Functional Insights from the Normal Rat Kidney Cell (1999)

Three-dimensional reconstructions of portions of the Golgi complex from cryofixed, freeze-substituted normal rat kidney cells have been made by dual-axis, high-voltage EM tomography at approximately 7-nm resolution. The reconstruction shown here ( approximately 1 x 1 x 4 microm3) contains two stacks of seven cisternae separated by a noncompact region across which bridges connect some cisternae at equivalent levels, but none at nonequivalent levels. The rest of the noncompact region is filled with both vesicles and polymorphic membranous elements. All cisternae are fenestrated and display coated buds. They all have about the same surface area, but they differ in volume by as much as 50%. The trans-most cisterna produces exclusively clathrin-coated buds, whereas the others display only nonclathrin coated buds. This finding challenges traditional views of where sorting occurs within the Golgi complex. Tubules with budding profiles extend from the margins of both cis and trans cisternae. They pass beyond neighboring cisternae, suggesting that these tubules contribute to traffic to and/or from the Golgi. Vesicle-filled "wells" open to both the cis and lateral sides of the stacks. The stacks of cisternae are positioned between two types of ER, cis and trans. The cis ER lies adjacent to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, which consists of discrete polymorphic membranous elements layered in front of the cis-most Golgi cisterna. The extensive trans ER forms close contacts with the two trans-most cisternae; this apposition may permit direct transfer of lipids between ER and Golgi membranes. Within 0.2 microm of the cisternae studied, there are 394 vesicles (8 clathrin coated, 190 nonclathrin coated, and 196 noncoated), indicating considerable vesicular traffic in this Golgi region. Our data place structural constraints on models of trafficking to, through, and from the Golgi complex.
SVM modeling of "SNERF-grams" for speaker recognition (2004)

We describe a new approach to modeling idiosyncratic prosodic behavior for automatic speaker recognition . The approach computes prosodic features by syllable (sy llablebased nonuniform extraction region features, or “SN ERFs”), and models the syllable-feature sequences (“SNERF-grams”) using support vector machines (SVMs). We evaluate performance on development data for a system submitted to the NIST 2004 Speaker Recognition Evaluation. Results show that SNERF-grams provide significant performance gains when combined with a state-of-the-art baseline syst em, as well as with both prosodic and word-based noncepstral systems.
Reactions of tetrachloropyridazine with aliphatic nitrogen nucleophiles (2008)

Abstract magnified image Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of tetrachloropyridazine with a series of aliphatic primary and secondary amines led selectively to products arising from replacement of chlorine at the 4‐position in all cases. The structures of the products were unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Substitution occurs at the most activated site para to ring nitrogen, despite the possible steric hindrance to substitution by adjacent chlorine atoms, reflecting the activating influence of ring nitrogen meta to the site of attack. N,N ′‐Dimethylethylene diamine gave a mixture of [6,6] ring fused products following initial substitution at the 4‐position.
Evaluation of SIMD architecture enhancement in embedded processors for MPEG-4 (2004)

This paper presents our studies on the effects of using SIMD processor extension developed to enhance the processor performance for streaming applications. Our approach was evaluated using MPEG-4 encoding application as benchmark. Although MPEG-4 consists of many different operations, we concentrated on the sum of absolute differences (SAD), a major part of the motion estimation. The SAD was chosen because it is one of the most frequently used operations in MPEG-4 encoding. It is estimated to consume between 40%-80% of the total video encoding time when implemented on a general purpose processor. We have performed an extensive evaluation of our architecture extension. This evaluation showed that it is possible to achieve high performance with acceptable power consumption. We obtained about two times performance improvement for MPEG-4 encoding with roughly the same power consumption.
Heat transfer model to characterize the focal cooling necessary to suppress spontaneous epileptiform activity (Invited Paper) (2005)

Epilepsy is characterized by paroxysmal transient disturbances of the electrical activity of the brain. Symptoms are manifested as impairment of motor, sensory, or psychic function with or without loss of consciousness or convulsive seizures. This paper presents an initial post-operative heat transfer analysis of surgery performed on a 41 year-old man with medically intractable Epilepsy. The surgery involved tumor removal and the resection of adjacent epileptogenic tissue. Electrocorticography was performed before resection. Cold saline was applied to the resulting interictal spike foci resulting in transient, complete cessation of spiking. A transient one dimensional semi-infinite finite element model of the surface of the brain was developed to simulate the surgery. An approximate temperature distribution of the perfused brain was developed by applying the bioheat equation. The model quantifies the surface heat flux reached in achieving seizure cessation to within an order of magnitude. Rat models have previously shown that the brain surface temperature range to rapidly terminate epileptogenic activity is 20-24°C. The developed model predicts that a constant heat flux of approximately -13,000W/m<sup>2</sup>, applied at the surface of the human brain, would achieve a surface temperature in this range in approximately 3 seconds. A parametric study was subsequently performed to characterize the effects of brain metabolism and brain blood perfusion as a function of the determined heat flux. The results of these findings can be used as a first approximation in defining the specifications of a cooling device to suppress seizures in human models.
Clinical and Molecular Heterogeneity in the Brugada Syndrome (2002)

A Brugada syndrome locus distinct from SCN5A is associated with progressive conduction disease, a low sensitivity to procainamide testing, and a relatively good prognosis in a single large pedigree.
Table S5 from Systematic Interrogation of Tumor Cell Resistance to Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Catalog of qRT-PCR primers, CRISPR guide sequences, and antibodies used in this study&lt;/p&gt;
Designing a Robot Cognitive Architecture with Concurrency and Active Perception. (2004)

We are implementing ADAPT, a cognitive architecture for a Pioneer mobile robot, to give the robot the full range of cognitive abilities including perception, use of natural language, learning and the ability to solve complex problems. Our perspective is that an architecture based on a unified theory of robot cognition has the best chance of attaining human-level performance. Existing work in cognitive modeling has accomplished much in the construction of such unified cognitive architectures in areas other than robotics; however, there are major respects in which these architectures are inadequate for robot cognition. This paper examines two major inadequacies of current cognitive architectures for robotics: the absence of support for true concurrency and for active
GPR40 mediates potential positive effects of a saturated fatty acid enriched diet on bone (2016)

GPR40 contributes to counter ovariectomy-induced bone loss in a context of saturated fatty acid enrichment.
Synthesis of [11C]gefitinib for imaging epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase with positron emission tomography (2006)

Abstract We have synthesized N‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐7‐[ 11 C]methoxy‐6‐[3‐(morpholin‐4‐yl)propoxy]quinazolin‐4‐amine, [ 11 C]gefitinib ([ 11 C]Iressa), a high affinity (IC 50 = 2 n M ) inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR‐TK), in solution and in a semi‐automated stainless loop methylation system using [ 11 C]methyl triflate. The trapping efficiency for [ 11 C]methyl triflate in solution was higher than in the solvent film generated in the loop system, thus the overall radiochemical yield was considerably higher for the synthesis in solution. The average radiochemical yield for the solution chemistry was 15% with an average specific radioactivity of approximately 9000 mCi/µmole at EOS in one step from its corresponding desmethyl phenol precursor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.