gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is the Sharp Adaptation Transform more plausible than CMCCAT2000? (2001)

The modified Bradford chromatic adaptation transform (CMCCAT2000) is a von Kries type model of adaptation that best accounts for a variety of corresponding colour data sets. The transform works in three stages. First, XYZs are linearly mapped to a new &#x2018;RGB&#x2019; space. The RGB sensitivities are somewhat like the cones but have their sensitivity concentrated in narrower regions of the visible spectrum. In the second stage of the transform, the Red, Green and Blue responses are multiplied by three scalars to model illuminant change. Finally, RGBs are transformed back to XYZs (in order that well established formulae for colour appearance might be used). The Sharp adaptation transform (SAT), derived from theoretical arguments, is exactly the same as CMCCAT2000 except that the sharp RGB sensor sensitivities have even narrower support. Research has shown that the SAT delivers, statistically, the same performance as CMCCAT2000.In this paper we consider whether there is any reason why CMCCAT2000 or SAT might be preferable if adaptation is considered from an observers viewpoint. Our argument builds on the premise that an observer in making a corresponding colour match is matching surface reflectance. Starting with this premise the adaptation problem is clearly ill-posed: a pair of different surface reflectances might look the same under one light but different under another (this is the metamerism problem). However, we argue that an observer understands this metamerism and so seeks only to make a plausible reflectance match. Let us suppose a reflectance B viewed under a target light is chosen to match reflectance A viewed under a reference light. We say B is plausible if and only if it is possible that if B is also viewed under the reference light it is identical to A. Adopting this definition of plausibility, we found that the Sharp Adaptation Transform supports plausible adaptation but that CMCCAT2000 supports implausible adaptation.
ChemInform Abstract: LITHIATION REACTIONS OF 5‐ALKOXYMETHYL‐, 5‐ALKYLTHIOMETHYL‐, AND 5‐DIALKYLAMINOMETHYLISOXAZOLES (1985)

Abstract Die Lithiierung der Isoxazole (I) findet ausschließlich an der C‐S‐Methylengruppe statt, so daß nach Umsetzung der Lithiumsalze mit Methyliodid, Kohlendioxid oder Dimethyldisulfid die Isoxazole (II) erhalten werden.
Abstract 2998: BRG1 (SMARCA4) protein loss has profound effects on the transcriptome of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (2012)

Abstract Purpose: To study the gene expression profile of NSCLC cell lines with BRG1 protein loss. Background: BRG1 is the major catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and provides ATPase activity necessary for transcriptional regulation of multiple cellular pathways. BRG1 is frequently inactivated in lung cancers and loss of BRG1 is correlated with poor prognosis. Methods: Sixty eight NSCLC cell lines were analyzed. BRG1 protein was detected by western blotting using nuclear extracts. SMARCA4 deletions or mutations were identified by NextGen sequencing and/or Sanger sequencing using genomic DNA or cDNA. Published reports and SNP analysis were also used to verify our results. Gene expression profiles were determined by Illumina human WG-6 V3 beadchip. Microarray expression data was analyzed by Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) and Hierarchical clustering analysis. Results: Twenty five NSCLC cell lines had lost BRG1 protein expression. Sequencing analysis found homozygous mutations (deletions, nonsense, splicing site) in twenty two of the lines. Among forty three NSCLC cell lines with BRG1 protein expression, five had homozygous missense mutations, four had heterozygous mutations. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that nearly 1500 transcripts were differentially up or down regulated (false discovery rate &amp;lt;5%) among the cell lines without BRG1 protein compared to the ones with WT BRG1. These transcripts are involved in many important cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, signaling pathway, steroid receptor and oncogene expression. Hierarchical clustering analysis using these transcripts distinguished NSCLC cell lines without BRG1 protein as a group, different from other NSCLC cells as well as immortalized respiratory epithelial cells, while NSCLC cell lines with BRG1 missense mutations showed heterogeneity of expression patterns. Conclusions: BRG1 protein loss is frequent in lung cancer cells and has a distinct signature and profound effects on the transcriptome of NSCLC cell lines. Our findings support the concept that BRG1 functions as a “master regulator of master regulators.” Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2998. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2998
Visualizing Geometric Uncertainty of Surface Interpolants (1996)

Evaluating and comparing the quality of surface interpolants is an important problem in computer graphics, computer aided geometric design and scientific visualization. We introduce geometric uncertainty as a measure of interpolation error, level of confidence or quality of an interpolant. Geometric uncertainty can be estimated as a scalar or a vector-valued function that depends upon geometric characteristics of interpolants associated with the underlying data. These characteristics include position, normals, isophotes, principal curvatures and directions, mean and Gaussian curvatures. We present several new techniques for visualizing geometric uncertainty of surface interpolants, that combine the strengths of traditional techniques such as pseudo-coloring, differencing, overlay, and transparency with new glyph and texture-based techniques.
Feasibility of Hydrogen Production from Coal Electrolysis at Intermediate Temperatures (2007)

Abstract Hydrogen production via coal electrolysis was evaluated at intermediate temperatures (40–108 °C). A coal electrolytic cell (CEC) was designed and constructed to carry out galvanostatic experiments with concentrated electrolyte (4 M H2SO4). Operating temperatures above 100 °C were found to significantly improve the kinetics of electro-oxidation of coal, coal conversion, and CO2/coal Faradaic efficiency. CO2/coal Faradaic efficiencies and coal conversions of up to 57.29 and 3.21%, respectively, were observed at 108 °C.
<I>In Vitro</I> Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium Implant with Atmospheric Plasma Treatment (2014)

Plasma treatments are becoming a popular method for modifying the characteristics of a range of substrate surfaces. Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) is cost-efficient, safe and simple compared to high-pressure plasma. This study examined the effects of a low-temperature APP treatment of a hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated Ti (HA-Ti) surface. The APP treatment made the HA-Ti surfaces more hydrophilic without changing surface morphologies. The APP-treated HA-Ti (APP-HA-Ti) surface showed enhanced cell spreading, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels with more developed cellular networks, and the formed extracellular matrix (ECM) was fused perfectly with the HA substrate than that on the HA-Ti surface. In conclusion, an APP treatment is a potential surface-modifying method that can enhance the cell affinity at the early stages in vitro.
Influence of Physicochemical Properties on Gas Transport Properties of Silver-Containing Ionic Liquid Mixtures for Olefin/Paraffin Membrane Separation (2020)

Olefin/paraffin separation by cryogenic distillation is one of the most energy-consuming processes not only among the entire chemical processes but also among all the energy-consuming activities by human beings. The purification of propylene and ethylene accounts for 0.3% of global energy use (1). Membrane separation is an attractive alternative, owing to its high energy-efficiency compared to conventional distillation processes. Liquid membranes that utilize gas transport through the liquid phase confined in the pore structures have shown promising performance due to the faster transport compared to solid membrane materials (2). Since the liquid phase is where the transport of olefin/paraffin molecules occurs, the liquid membrane performance in terms of permeability, selectivity, and stability mainly relies on the properties of the liquid component. Ionic liquids are a suitable material since the liquid component in the membranes provide stable separation performance owing to their extremely low vapor pressure and good thermal/chemical stability. Moreover, the limitless turnability of ionic liquids can be manipulated to enhance the molecular interaction with certain gas molecules to result in better gas solubility. For olefin/paraffin separation, in addition to physical solubility of the olefin in the ionic liquid, silver ions are commonly added to further improve olefin solubility. The silver ions can complex with olefin molecules via interaction between the double bonds of olefins and the orbitals of silver ions. Here we have investigated the effect of the anion, concentrations of the silver salt, and temperatures on the physicochemical properties of the silver-containing ionic liquid mixtures. The macroscopic physicochemical properties, such as viscosity and density, affect the filling of the membrane pores and stability to transmembrane pressure. However, we show that they are also indicators of ion aggregation in the mixtures, which can be correlated with relevant membrane properties, including solubility, diffusivity and silver ion reactivity with contaminant gases. The physiochemical viewpoint on the silver-containing ionic liquid mixture will provide appropriate insight for understanding the olefin/paraffin gas transport in the ionic liquid mixture, which leads to a design idea for better separation performance. (1) D. S. Sholl, R. P. Lively, Seven chemical separations: to change the world: purifying mixtures without using heat would lower global energy use, emissions and pollution--and open up new routes to resources. Nature 532 , 435 (2016). (2) C. M. Sanchez, T. Song, J. F. Brennecke, B. D. Freeman, Hydrogen Stable Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes with Silver Carriers: Propylene and Propane Permeability and Solubility. Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research 59 , 5362-5370 (2020).
Laser-induced photochemical reaction of bis(ethynylstyryl) benzene prepared by molecular beam deposition. (1995)

We have investigated the photochemical reaction in the external photon field induced with KrF excimer laser (λ=248nm) for the bis(ethynylstyryl)benzene (BESB) films deposited by a molecular beam deposition technique. The cis-cis isomer crystalline films have grown on the KBr (001) substrate without laser irradiation. The laser irradiation to the film surface after and during deposition at the substrate temperature of 25°C caused the cis-to-trans photoisomerization and gave amorphous films due to disordering of the molecular arrangement. On the contrary, the photoisomerized trans-trans isomer crystals were found to be grown upon the irradiation during deposition at the substrate temperature of 60°C. These results indicate that the applied photon field to the molecular beam and the substrate temperatures during deposition play a significant role in thefilm structures.
Estimating field-dependent nodal aberration theory coefficients from Zernike full-field displays by utilizing eighth-order astigmatism (2019)

When using freeform surfaces in optical design, the field dependence of the aberrations can become quite complex, and understanding these aberrations facilitates the design process. Here we calculate the field dependence of low-order Zernike astigmatism (Z5/6) up to the eighth order in nodal aberration theory (NAT). Expansion of NAT astigmatism terms to the eighth order facilitates a more accurate fit to the Zernike astigmatism data. We then show how this estimated field dependence can be used to quantitatively analyze a freeform telescope design. This analysis tool adds to the optical designer's arsenal when up against the challenge of designing with freeform optics.
A model to predict dispersion in cancellous bone (2002)

In contrast to most biologic tissues, phase velocity in cancellous bone tends to decrease with frequency. A stratified model, consisting of alternating layers of bone and marrow (in vivo) or water (in vitro), has been employed to study this phenomenon. Phase velocity was measured from 300-700 kHz in phantoms consisting of regularly-spaced parallel polystyrene sheets in water, and 30 calcanea in vitro. For the phantoms, the agreement between theory and experiment was good. For the calcanea, the model performs well for predicting the frequency dependence of phase velocity.
Converting Algal Triglycerides to Diesel and HEFA Jet Fuel Fractions (2013)

Over 2 L of algal triglycerides were first converted to n-alkanes using a 3% Pd/carbon catalyst in a fixed bed reactor at 350 °C under 800 psig of H2. The starting triglyceride was composed of 10.5% C16 and 85.2% C18 fatty acids. The Pd/C catalyst exhibited primarily decarbonylation and total reduction deoxygenation pathways, which changed in relative contribution over the nearly 200 h of continuous operation. Both the C18/(C18+C17) and C16/(C16+C15) product ratios changed from 0.3 at the start of the deoxygenation run to 0.6 at its conclusion. Overall, the catalyst became more active during the run. After a first pass deoxygenation, over 85% of the product was composed of n-alkanes divided nearly equally between the Cn and Cn–1 chain lengths corresponding to the starting fatty acid chain lengths. The alkanes along with a few percent 1-alcohols were separated from the remaining incompletely converted components by distillation and subjected to a polishing hydrogenation using a 0.5% Pt/alumina catalyst. A portion of this first pass n-alkane composite was hydroisomerized to improve its cold flow properties using a 0.5% Pt/US-Y zeolite catalyst. Even with an iso/normal ratio of just over 1 in the product stream, the mixture solidified near ambient temperature. To further improve the cold flow properties of this diesel composition, it was subjected to a solvent dewaxing procedure, which yielded a product that remained liquid at −20 °C. The incompletely converted components remaining after the first pass deoxygenation were subjected to a second deoxygenation pass under the same conditions used for the fresh triglycerides. The product alkanes were again separated by distillation, alcohols were reduced to alkanes, and a single composite alkane mixture was prepared by combining the first and second pass alkanes. Overall, more than 95% of the product stream produced by the two deoxygenation passes was composed of n-alkanes. This final composite mixture was processed further to a HEFA (hydrotreated esters and fatty acids) jet composition using the same 0.5% Pt/US-Y zeolite catalyst at three different conversion severities. With single pass cracking conversions of 43%, 59%, and 93%, yield losses of 41%, 44%, and 75% to a C8– naphtha fraction were observed. Such high yield losses argue against a strategy where HEFA jet is the primarily targeted product. We suggest a strategy in which the yield loss to naphtha can be limited to less than 10% based on making principally a renewable diesel fuel from which a HEFA jet can be extracted as a minority product.
Variational Quantum Compressed Sensing for Joint User and Channel State Acquisition in Grant-Free Device Access Systems (2022)

This paper introduces a new quantum computing framework integrated with a two-step compressed sensing technique, applied to a joint channel estimation and user identification problem. We propose a variational quantum circuit (VQC) design as a new denoising solution. For a practical grant-free communications system having correlated device activities, variational quantum parameters for Pauli rotation gates in the proposed VQC system are optimized to facilitate to the non-linear estimation. Numerical results show that the VQC method can outperform modern compressed sensing techniques using an element-wise denoiser.
Analysis of microearthquake data at Cold Lake and its applications to reservoir monitoring (2008)

Abstract More than four months of continuously recorded micro-earthquake data acquired at Cold Lake, Canada, was analyzed using advanced algorithms for microearthquake location and subsurface tomography. Robust determination of the spatial, temporal, and magnitude distribution of seismicity is the first step toward understanding the relationship between the stress perturbations caused by the cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) process and seismicity. Acquisition geometry was constrained because the receivers were located in a single vertical borehole. Despite this constraint, we were successful in improving event locations by use of the double-difference method, which highlights several tight event clusters. The deep cluster at a depth of 400m, just above the oil reservoir, shows very high seismicity during the CSS processes. A second cluster is observed at shallower depths in the successive steam cycle. This suggests that repeated steaming causes the deformation to spread to shallower depths. The number of events, however, decreases in the second steam cycle. Even though some of the largest events occur below the Clearwater reservoir, we observed few events in the reservoir itself, indicating that the reservoir may be an aseismic region. The size and distribution of seismicity during the first cycle agrees with a Mohr's circle analysis using simple geomechanical modeling.
On the role of vibrational energy in the activated dissociative chemisorption of methane on tungsten and rhodium (1986)

The vibrational energy dependence of the dissociative chemisorption probability of CH4 on W(110) is investigated with the use of a seeded supersonic molecular beam. By variation of the beam source temperature and seed gas mixture the degree of vibrational excitation of the incident CH4 molecules can be varied while the incident kinetic energy is held constant. The results are consistent with a model in which all vibrational modes are equally effective and vibrational energy and translational energy are approximately equivalent in promoting this highly activated process. Previous unsuccessful attempts to promote CH4 chemisorption on rhodium via vibrational excitation are consistent with our findings; we are also able to account for previous observations of enhancement of dissociative chemisorption in heated effusive beam experiments.
Octatetrayne-linked porphyrins: ‘stretched’ cyclic dimers and trimers with very spacious cavities (1995)

Syntheses are described for two octatetrayne-linked cyclic porphyrin oligomers with extremely spacious cavities. These hosts bind strongly to complementary multidentate guests. Thus, the octatetrayne-linked dimer binds bifunctional ligand bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne with an affinity of 7 × 106 dm3 mol–1, and the trimer binds the new ‘stretched’ trifunctional ligand 1,3,5-tris[(4-pyridyl)ethynyl]benzene with an affinity of 2 × 108 dm3 mol–1 in C2H2Cl4 at 30 °C.
Nitrogen Containing Linear Poly(phenylene) Derivatives for Photo-catalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water (2018)

Here we study how the introduction of nitrogen into poly(p-phenylene) type materials affects their ability to act as hydrogen evolution photocatalysts. Direct photocatalytic water splitting is an attractive strategy for clean energy production, but understanding which material properties are important, how they interplay, and how they can be influenced through doping remains a significant challenge, especially for polymers. Using a combined experimental and computational approach, we demonstrate that introducing nitrogen in conjugated polymers results in either materials that absorb significantly more visible light but worse predicted driving force for water/sacrificial electron donor oxidation, or materials with an improved driving force that absorb relatively less visible light. The latter materials are found to be much more active and the former much less. The trade-off between properties highlights that the optimization of a single property in isolation is a poor strategy for improving the overall activity of materials.
Development of rotary table grinding machine for large diameter Si wafers (1<sup>st</sup> report: Performance investigation of water hydrostatic rotary table) (2016)

Increasing of Si wafer diameter from φ300 mm to φ450 mm is required to enhance productivity of semiconductor devices. The authors developed a high stiff rotary grinding machine, which consists of a rotary table system and a wheel spindle system. These system are rigidly clamped using three ball screws and kinematic couplings. This paper investigates a basic design and the performances of the rotary table system equipped with constant flow water hydrostatic bearings. A fluid analysis around bearing pad was attempted by using the finite volume method in order to enhance a static stiffness of water hydrostatic thrust bearing. Performances of the developed rotary table was evaluated experimentally and compared with the analyzed value. The measured static stiffness and the numerical analyzed static stiffness ware 1.96 kN/μm and 1.97 kN/μm, respectively under the flow rate of each bearing pads Q=30 mL/min.
Rate Enhancement of an Interfacial Biochemical Reaction through Localization of Substrate and Enzyme by an Adaptor Domain (2010)

This paper describes a model system to characterize the rate enhancement that stems from localization of an enzyme with its substrate. The approach is based on a self-assembled monolayer that presents a substrate for the serine esterase cutinase along with a peptide ligand for an SH2 adaptor domain. The monolayer is treated with a fusion protein of cutinase and the SH2 domain, and the rate for the interfacial reaction is monitored using cyclic voltammetry. The rate is approximately 30-fold greater for monolayers that present the ligand for the SH2 domain than for those that omit the ligand. The rate enhancement is due to the interaction of the adaptor domain with the immobilized ligand. Further, the rate enhancement increases with the densities of both the ligand and the substrate. This example provides a well-defined model system for quantitatively assessing the magnitude of rate enhancement that is possible with colocalization of an enzyme with its substrate and may be particularly significant for understanding the signaling events that rely on enzyme localization at the cell membrane.
Push-pull driven Low-cost Coupler Array for Dynamic IPT systems (2019)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) is an emerging technology that provides a convenient charging approach for stationary and moving electric vehicles (EVs), In a dynamic IPT roadway where multiple primary couplers are employed along the road, an increasing number of power electronic converters are required to provide continuous charge to moving EVs. Having a large number of power converters can adversely affect the system reliability, the installation cost and maintenance expenses. As a solution, this paper proposes a push-pull driven low cost coupler array, where a single switch can be used to activate a single coupler in the array. Moreover, it is possible to simultaneously drive any number of couplers in the array, as the current stress on the switches is not proportional to the number of energized couplers. The viability of the proposed configuration is validated using PLECS simulation of a 10 kW push-pull driven array consisting of three primary couplers.