gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Soluble Forms of .BETA.1,4-Galactosyltransferase Released from Ovarian Cancer Cells and from COS-1 Cells Transfected with its cDNA. (1999)

Employing RMG-1 cells derived from human ovarian adenocarcinoma and COS-1 cells transfected with cDNA for β1, 4-galactosyltransferase, we first investigated the intracellular localization of this enzyme and secondly assayed separately the two types of soluble forms of it (designated as normal GaIT and GAT) in their culture supernatants. As results, the binding of anti-β1, 4-galactosyltransferase monoclonal antibody was strongly positive at the Golgi area surrounding nuclei and the staining pattern was the same between RMG-1 cells and COS-1 transformants. These data demonstrated that the cells were producing β1, 4-galactosyltransferase and had the ability to release it into the culture medium. As for the two soluble forms released from the cells, they were simultaneously detected in the culture medium by Western blotting and enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies, i. e., Mab8628 reactive to both GAT and normal-GaIT and Mab8513 specific for GAT, indicating that both were derived from RMG-1 and from the cDNA introduced into COS-1 cells. Since serum-GAT clinically reflects tumor growth more accurately or specifically than normal GaIT does, RMG-1 and COS-1 cells having cDNA for β1, 4-galactosyltransferase would be promising as sources of these enzymes in order to investigate the differences in the behaviors of normal GaIT and GAT associated with ovarian malignant tumors.
The ManArray/sup TM/ embedded processor architecture (2002)

The BOPS(R) ManArray/sup TM/ architecture is presented as a scalable DAP platform for the embedded processor domain. In this domain, ManArray-based processors use a single architecture definition, that supports multiple configurations of processing elements (PEs) from low end single PE to large arrays of PEs, and single tool set. The ManArray (selectable) parallelism architecture mixes control oriented operations, VLIWs, packed data operations, and distributed array processing in a cohesive, independently selectable manner. In addition, scalable conditional execution and single-cycle communications across a high connectivity, low cost network are integrated in the architecture. This allows another level of selectivity that enhances the application of the parallel resources that enhances the application of the parallel resources to high performance algorithms. Coupled with the array DSP is a scalable DMA engine that runs in the background and provides programmer-selectable data-distribution patterns and a high-bandwidth data-streaming interface to system peripherals and global memory. This paper introduces the embedded scalable ManArray architecture and a number of benchmarks. For example, a standard ASIC flow DSP/coprocessor core, the BOPS2040, can process a distributed 256-point complex FFT in 425 cycles and an 8/spl times/8 2D IDCT that meets IEEE standards in 34 cycles.
Symbol interleaved parallel concatenated trellis coded modulation (1999)

This paper presents a method for efficient coding at high spectral efficiency using parallel concatenated trellis coded modulation (PCTCM) with symbol interleaving. The constituent encoders are optimized for symbol-wise free distance, and each has an infinite symbol-wise impulse response. In many cases of practical interest, the optimal structure for these constituent encoders connects the memory elements in a single row. Simulation results show that the performance is as close as 0.5 dB to the constrained capacity.
Human/Human Conversation Understanding (2011)

This chapter focuses on two-party and multiparty human/human conversation understanding, mainly focuses on discourse modeling, speech act modeling, and argument diagramming. It tries to bridge the gap between studies in human/human conversations and human/machine systems in order to either build better human/machine conversational systems or to better understand human/human conversations. While speech is the most natural medium of human/human communication, little spoken data is available for research purposes due to privacy or copyright issues or issues relating to signal quality such as non-ideal recording conditions. The chapter provides an overview of some of the research done in the last decade for processing and accessing the content of human/human conversational speech. Furthermore, as dialogue acts are designed to be task-independent, it is easier to reuse them or use them as a starting point when processing new genres. Controlled Vocabulary Terms human computer interaction; speech processing
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Lactams by Condensation of Titanium Enolates of 2‐Pyridyl Thioesters with Imines Bearing a Chiral Auxiliary. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Workshop on Research Needs and Opportunities in High Temperature Superconductivity Held in Copper Mountain, Colorado in 19-20 August 1991 (1991)

Abstract : This is the report of the Workshop on New Research Opportunities in Superconductivity held at Copper Mountain, Colorado on August 19-20,1991. The workshop is a follow-up to two previous meetings to evaluate progress in superconductivity. The first, held at Copper Mountain, Colorado in 1983, focuses on low-temperature superconductors (LTS), while the second-in 1988 examined the progress of low-temperature materials and the potential of the then recently- discovered high-temperature superconductors (HTS). The summaries of these two superconductivity workshops were published in Cryogenics (July 1984, p.378; and November 1988, p.711). This workshop was the first in this series to concentrate largely on high-temperature superconductors. Its objectives were to identify the barriers limiting progress in high-temperature materials and to assess research areas that are ripe for important advances. The workshop was organized in four sessions, with Robert C.Dynes and Victor J. Emery leading the session on Fundamentals, Charles M. Falco and Donald U. Gubser leading the session on Materials, David K. Christen and Harry Kroger leading the session on Thin Films and Devices, and Sungho Jin and David T. Shaw leading the session on Bulk Materials and Large-Scale Applications. The organizational committee for the workshop consisted of David K. Christen, Alan F. Clark, Robert C. Dynes, Donald H. Liebenberg, David L. Nelson, and David T. Shaw (chair).
The non-clonal and transitory nature of HIV in vivo (2003)

From a posteriori analyses of genetic variation, recombination can only be identified when the parental genomes are distinct. For viruses like HIV-1, this requires the producer cell to be infected by more than one virus. Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, the provirus copy numbers in splenocytes from two HIV-1 patients were determined. More than 75% of infected splenocytes harboured two or more proviruses, range 1-8, with a mean of approximately 3-4 per cell. Sequencing of amplified DNA from single laser micro-dissected cells showed an extraordinary degree of diversity while numerous recombinants were evident. Given the dynamics of HIV-1 turnover in vivo and a recombination rate of approximately 3 cross-overs per cycle, some genomes from a fifteen year old infection may have undergone as many cross-overs as bases in the genome. Thus, recombination profoundly influences HIV evolution and gives it a non-clonal and transitory nature in vivo.
Derivatives of 4-(2'-Methoxyphenyl)-1-[2'-(N-2''-pyridinyl-p-iodobenzamido)ethyl]piperazine (p-MPPI) as 5-HT1A Ligands (1994)

A series of new p-alkylbenzamido derivatives of 4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2'-(N-2"-pyridinyl)-p- iodobenzamido)ethyl]piperazines (p-MPPI) were prepared. In vitro binding studies suggest that p-methyl and p-ethyl substituents on the benzamido group display the same high binding affinity to 5-HT1A receptors (Ki = 2.2 and 9.3 nM, rat hippocampal homogenates). However, when the substitution groups were larger than a C5 pentyl group, the affinity to 5-HT1A receptors dropped below a useful level (Ki > 50 nM). Several irreversible binding agents (CH2Cl, NHCOCH2Cl) and a photoaffinity labeling compound (m-iodo p-azido) which showed good binding affinity to 5-HT1A receptors were successfully prepared.
Genesis mission to return solar winds samples to Earth (2002)

The Genesis spacecraft, launched on 8 August 2001 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, will be the first spacecraft ever to return from interplanetary space. The fifth in NASAs line of low‐cost, Discovery‐class missions, its goal is to collect samples of solar wind and return them to Earth for detailed isotopic and elemental analysis. The spacecraft is to collect solar wind for over 2 years, while circling the L1 point 1.5 million km Sunward of the Earth, before heading back for a capsule‐style re‐entry in September 2004. After parachute deployments mid‐air helicopter recovery will be used to avoid a hard landing. The mission has been in development over 10 years, and its cost, including development, mission operations, and initial sample analysis, is approximately $209 million.
PaLI-X: On Scaling up a Multilingual Vision and Language Model (2023)

We present the training recipe and results of scaling up PaLI-X, a multilingual vision and language model, both in terms of size of the components and the breadth of its training task mixture. Our model achieves new levels of performance on a wide-range of varied and complex tasks, including multiple image-based captioning and question-answering tasks, image-based document understanding and few-shot (in-context) learning, as well as object detection, video question answering, and video captioning. PaLI-X advances the state-of-the-art on most vision-and-language benchmarks considered (25+ of them). Finally, we observe emerging capabilities, such as complex counting and multilingual object detection, tasks that are not explicitly in the training mix.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is an Obligatory Intermediate for Oxytocin-Induced Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression and Prostaglandin F2α Production in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells (2010)

Oxytocin (OT) triggers the luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (PGF(2 alpha)) from the endometrial epithelial cells in ruminants. We have proposed that the embryonic signal interferon-tau exerts its antiluteolytic effect by disrupting the OT signaling axis. Accordingly, we have attempted to define the signaling pathway of OT-induced PGF(2 alpha) production in the bovine endometrium using our newly characterized epithelial cell line (bEEL). OT receptor was coupled to the classical G alpha(q) pathway as evidenced by calcium release and activation of phospholipase C. Similarly, OT-induced PGF(2 alpha) production was mediated through the canonical ERK1/2 pathway. Because of the importance of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in G protein-coupled receptor signaling, we studied the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-Src, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) on OT-induced PGF(2 alpha) production in association with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression and ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. The EGFR inhibitor AG1478 (10 microm) nearly abolished basal and OT-induced PGF(2 alpha) production and down-regulated COX2 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Because the transactivated EGFR can serve as a ligand for the signaling proteins with Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, we hypothesized a role for c-Src and PI3K in OT-induced PGF(2 alpha) production. Inhibitors of c-Src (PP2, 10 microm) and PI3K (LY294002, 25 microm) produced a significant decrease in OT-induced PGF(2 alpha) production and reduced COX2 expression. Also, PP2, but not LY294002, decreased OT-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Because LY294002 did not affect ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but inhibited PGF(2 alpha) production and down-regulated COX2 expression, it is likely that the Akt pathway is also involved in PGF(2 alpha) production. Thus, EGFR may simultaneously activate c-Src and PI3K to amplify the OT signaling to increase the output of PGF(2 alpha) in bEEL cells.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Secondary Benzylic Alcohols Using 3‐Pyridinecarboxylic Anhydride and a Chiral Acyl‐Transfer Catalyst in the Absence of Tertiary Amine. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
FDTD Simulation for Analysing Scattering Light Characteristic of Moving Nano-particle in Evanescent Field (2019)

In surface fabrication process, such as the polishing in semiconductor substrate, there are many nano-particles moving on or nearby the surface to be polished. We have been establishing an optical method to observe and to track the 3-dimensional position of each dynamical moving nano-particle on time by applying an evanescent light field. In this report, the scattering light characteristic from a moving nano-particle in an evanescent field generated by internal reflection on a silica glass surface was analysed by FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method on MATLAB. We discuss the scattering light from a particle moving perpendicularly to a surface in an interval time as one recorded frame in practical observation.
<title>Optical interconnects in conventional electronic computers</title> (2001)

Optical interconnections have become the medium of choice for the long haul communication. As the speed of the modern day computers are increasing, the speed of data transfer may reach a limit. This creates a motivation to replace electronic buses with all optical ones. Several avenues of research have merged in optical interconnects for digital system. In system architecture level studies, the goal is to understand the role of the different levels of interconnection hierarchy within digital system in the overall performance equation. Another avenue of studies identify active and passive components that will be most suitable to implement optical interconnects. These components are used to design the physical organization, the communication protocol in the existing computer architecture. Another type of studies may propose modification of the existing computer architecture, which can take advantage of the high bandwidth, multi-wavelength, ultrafast optical communication and various advancement in long haul optical communication.
Mechanism of RAD51-Dependent DNA Interstrand Cross-Link Repair (2011)

DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are toxic DNA lesions whose repair in S phase of eukaryotic cells is incompletely understood. In Xenopus egg extracts, ICL repair is initiated when two replication forks converge on the lesion. Dual incisions then create a DNA double-strand break (DSB) in one sister chromatid, whereas lesion bypass restores the other sister. We report that the broken sister chromatid is repaired via RAD51-dependent strand invasion into the regenerated sister. Recombination acts downstream of FANCI-FANCD2, yet RAD51 binds ICL-stalled replication forks independently of FANCI-FANCD2 and before DSB formation. Our results elucidate the functional link between the Fanconi anemia pathway and the recombination machinery during ICL repair. In addition, they demonstrate the complete repair of a DSB via homologous recombination in vitro.
Charge distribution characteristics of bottle type insulator with shield ring in vacuum (2014)

The objective of this paper is to research the charge distribution characteristics on the inner surface of a bottle type insulator depending on the shape of shield ring, which is used to mitigate the high electric field near the triple junction. The bottle type insulator was sandwiched between upper and lower parallel electrodes. These electrodes were equipped with the shield ring inside the bottle type insulator. The charge distributions were measured over the whole area of the inner cylindrical insulator by an electrostatic probe after a ramped dc voltage application. We investigated the charge distribution on the inner surface by varying the shape of the shield rings. As a result, we have obtained the relation between the shape of shield ring and charge distribution on insulator.
Langmuir Monolayers of a Photoisomerizable Macrocycle Surfactant (2007)

An amphiphilic photoisomerizable macrocycle has been prepared that forms stable Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface. The hydrophilic core of the molecule switches between closed and open isomers upon irradiation by the appropriate wavelengths of light. Isotherm measurements, Brewster angle microscope images, and atomic force micrographs (of transferred Langmuir-Blodgett films) suggest a phase transition between a face-on to a tilted edge-on molecular orientation as a function of surface concentration. In the face-on phase, in situ photoisomerization results in a reversible increase in surface pressure due to greater molecular crowding in the open configuration.
Improving Student Learning in Hardware Security: Project Vision, Overview, and Experiences (2022)

Practical, hands-on experience is an essential component of computer science and engineering education, especially in the cybersecurity domain. In this project, we are investigating techniques for improving student learning in such courses, first by developing a new hands-on hardware security course, then by testing the impact of gamification on student learning. The experiments utilize only inexpensive, open-source or freely-available software and hardware, and upon project completion, the modules themselves will also be made freely available online. Improving student learning in this critical area can have a wide-spread positive societal impact as we encourage students to have a security-first, secure-by-design mindset.
Universally Decodable Matrices for Distributed Matrix-Vector Multiplication (2019)

Coded computation is an emerging research area that leverages concepts from erasure coding to mitigate the effect of stragglers (slow nodes) in distributed computation clusters, especially for matrix computation problems. In this work, we present a class of distributed matrix-vector multiplication schemes that are based on codes in the Rosenbloom-Tsfasman metric and universally decodable matrices. Our schemes take into account the inherent computation order within a worker node. In particular, they allow us to effectively leverage partial computations performed by stragglers (a feature that many prior works lack). An additional main contribution of our work is a companion-matrix-based embedding of these codes that allows us to obtain sparse and numerically stable schemes for the problem at hand. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our techniques.
Optimizing the Energy Offset between Dye and Hole-Transporting Material in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

The power-conversion efficiency of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells can be optimized by reducing the energy offset between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of dye and hole-transporting material (HTM) to minimize the loss-in-potential. Here, we report a study of three novel HTMs with HOMO levels slightly above and below the one of the commonly used HTM 2,2′,7,7′- tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) to systematically explore this possibility. Using transient absorption spectroscopy and employing the ruthenium based dye Z907 as sensitizer, it is shown that, despite one new HTM showing a 100% hole-transfer yield, all devices based on the new HTMs performed worse than those incorporating spiro-OMeTAD. We further demonstrate that the design of the HTM has an additional impact on the electronic density of states present at the TiO2 electrode surface and hence influences not only hole- but also electron-transfer from the sensitizer. These results provide insight into the complex influence of the HTM on charge transfer and provide guidance for the molecular design of new materials.
Silicon Chip Based Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Optical Spectroscopy for Volatile Organic Compound Sensing (2014)

We compared different on-chip silicon based absorption sensors for the detection of xylene in water in both near-infrared and mid-infrared with detection limit down to 1ppb. Strip waveguide, slot waveguide and PC-based chip integrated optical absorption spectroscopy devices are compared in near-infrared and mid-infrared. The results provide a route for enhanced sensitivity while retaining device miniaturization.
Systematic dissection of cytokine responses in vivo at single-cell resolution (2021)

Abstract Cytokines mediate a highly complex intercellular signaling network in health and disease. While many individual cytokines have been studied in-depth, we do not have a systems-level view of cell-type-specific responses to each cytokine and do not yet understand how cytokines orchestrate cell-cell communication networks in a complex immune response. To address these two gaps in cytokine biology, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to measure gene expression profiles of over 20 mouse lymph node cell populations in response to over 80 cytokines in vivo. We first investigated how distinct cell types respond to the same cytokine and found that while some pathways are activated across multiple cell types, many cytokines induced cell-type-specific gene expression signatures. Next, we compared responses across cytokines and found that cytokines induced both unique and shared biological processes. For example, in NK cells, we found that IL-2/7/12/15/27/33/36a, IFN-a1/b/g/e/k, LIF, CT-1, and NP each induced a cytolytic program, but also cytokine-specific gene expression programs involved in antigen presentation, NF-kB activation, and mRNA splicing. Finally, based on our compendium of cytokine signatures, we created an algorithm to assess the level of cytokine responses and reconstruct cell-cell communication networks, and used this approach to uncover cytokine mediators in checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy treatment. Our study provides a global view of cell-type specific cytokine responses in vivo. The framework can be readily applied to other transcriptomic datasets for assessing the roles of cytokines and cell-cell communication networks in any immune response.
Intrinsic fluorescence changes associated with the conformational state of silk fibroin in biomaterial matrices (2007)

Silk fibroin is emerging as an important biomaterial for tissue engineering applications. The ability to monitor non-invasively the structural conformation of silk matrices prior to and following cell seeding could provide important insights with regards to matrix remodeling and cell-matrix interactions that are critical for the functional development of silk-based engineered tissues. Thus, we examined the potential of intrinsic fluorescence as a tool for assessing the structural conformation of silk proteins. Specifically, we characterized the intrinsic fluorescence spectra of silk in solution, gel and scaffold configurations for excitation in the 250 to 335 nm range and emission from 265 to 600 nm. We have identified spectral components that are attributed to tyrosine, tryptophan and crosslinks based on their excitation-emission profiles. We have discovered significant spectral shifts in the emission profiles and relative contributions of these components among the silk solution, gel and scaffold samples that represent enhancements in the levels of crosslinking, hydrophobic and intermolecular interactions that are consistent with an increase in the levels of ss-sheet formation and stacking. This information can be easily utilized for the development of simple, non-invasive, ratiometric methods to assess and monitor the structural conformation of silk in engineered tissues.