gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (2002)

Myocardial fibrosis can occur in patients who have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the absence of epicardial coronary disease. In such patients, myocardial fibrosis has been linked to a poorer prognosis than in those without fibrosis. Gadolinium-DTPA delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (de-MRI) accurately identifies regions of myocardial fibrosis. We used de-MRI to screen for myocardial fibrosis in 8 patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that had been diagnosed by 2-dimensional echocardiography. After localization of the heart and acquisition of electrocardiographically gated cine images, gadolinium-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg) was administered to the patient. Fifteen minutes later, de-MRI images were obtained using a T1-weighted, inversion-recovery fast, low-angle shot sequence. Images were gated to end-diastole and obtained during a single breath-hold. The inversion time was modified iteratively to obtain maximal nulling of the signal from the ventricular myocardium. Regions of myocardium with abnormally high signals (>300% of remote normal myocardium) were designated as fibrotic. Eight patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent de-MRI. The mean age was 52 years, the mean left ventricular mass was 201 grams, and the mean ejection fraction was 0.68. In the 6 patients with recent clinical deterioration, de-MRI showed clearly delineated areas of myocardial fibrosis; no such areas were seen in the 2 asymptomatic patients. We conclude that patients with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy display regions of abnormal signal intensity on de-MRI that likely represent fibrosis. This technique may provide useful information in the evaluation of such patients and warrants further study.
Epsilon-Near-Zero Photonics Wires for Mid-Infrared Optical Lumped Circuitry (2016)

There has been recent interest in the development of optical analogues of lumped element circuitry, where optical elements act as effective optical inductors, capacitors, and resistors. Such optical circuitry requires the photonic equivalent of electrical wires, structures able carry optical frequency signals to and from the lumped circuit elements while simultaneously maintaining signal carrier wavelengths much larger than the size of the lumped elements. Here we demonstrate the design, fabrication, and characterization of hybrid metal/doped-semiconductor 'photonic wires' operating at optical frequencies with effective indices of propagation near-zero. Our samples are characterized by polarization and angle-dependent FTIR spectroscopy and modeled by finite element methods and rigorous coupled wave analysis. We demonstrate coupling to such photonic wires from free space, and show the effective wavelength of the excited mode to be approximately an order of magnitude larger than the free-space wavelength of our light. The operational length of the photonic wires approaches twice the free space wavelength, significantly longer than what is achievable with bulk epsilon near zero materials. The novel architecture utilized in our hybrid waveguides allows for significant design flexibility by control of the semiconductor material's optical properties and the sample geometry. In addition, by utilizing a semiconductor-based architecture, our photonic wires can be designed to monolithically integrate the optical equivalents of capacitive, inductive, and resistive lumped circuit elements, as well optoelectronic sources and detectors. As such, the demonstrated photonic wires have the potential to provide a key component, and a realistic framework, for the development of optical circuitry.
NMR Spectroscopic Isotope Tracking Reveals Cascade Steps in Carbohydrate Conversion by Tin‐Beta (2017)

Abstract Quantitative isotope tracking studies were used to investigate the reaction pathways that occur for Sn‐Beta‐catalyzed carbohydrate conversion to various α‐hydroxy esters. Experimental insight into the conversion of pentoses was sought (i) by identifying pathways based on isotope patterns in the reaction products and (ii) by probing asymmetric isotope incorporation into products. The results indicate that reaction intermediates remain coordinated to the active site throughout the reaction cascades, regardless of the reaction pathway. A predominant transformation of the C1 carbohydrate position to the C3 position of methyl lactate resembles enzymatic glycolysis. Likewise, the majority of retro‐aldol cleavage occurs from the carbohydrate in the ketose form, which again resembles biological glycolysis. In addition, various side‐activities are detected in Sn‐Beta‐catalyzed carbohydrate conversion, which include 5,1‐hydride and 1,2‐carbon shift of the carbohydrates.
Outside cell interference dynamics in cellular CDMA (2003)

We study via computer simulation the computation of the outside-cell interference factor f for cellular code-division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication systems. This factor is inversely proportional to system capacity, and so its computation is of great practical interest. To date, all studies have focused on the mean value of f, without regard to its extrema or temporal dynamics. We compute values of the extrema for several propagation path loss exponents and user velocities, and show that the maximum value of f can be many times its mean value, and f can change as rapidly as the mobile user Doppler spread.
Peteye detection and correction (2007)

Redeyes are caused by the camera flash light reflecting off the retina. Peteyes refer to similar artifacts in the eyes of other mammals caused by camera flash. In this paper we present a peteye removal algorithm for detecting and correcting peteye artifacts in digital images. Peteye removal for animals is significantly more difficult than redeye removal for humans, because peteyes can be any of a variety of colors, and human face detection cannot be used to localize the animal eyes. In many animals, including dogs and cats, the retina has a special reflective layer that can cause a variety of peteye colors, depending on the animal's breed, age, or fur color, etc. This makes the peteye correction more challenging. We have developed a semi-automatic algorithm for peteye removal that can detect peteyes based on the cursor position provided by the user and correct them by neutralizing the colors with glare reduction and glint retention.
333 Compressive Torsion processing of the brass cut powder (2009)

The recycling system of the brass depends commonly on the dissolution method. However, by the dissolution method, energy consumption and CO2 emissions increase more and more. In contrast, the consolidating process of the powder and chips materials by using severe deformation process is tried recently. The compressive torsion processing can particularly apply large shear deformation to powder particles and consolidate brass materials with small energy from brass cut waste particles. In this paper, the producing recycled bar stock from brass cut waste was tried with the compressive torsion process and subsequent extrusion processing, and their mechanical properties were examined. Furthermore, the possibility to add graphite in stead of lead was tried, because the lead was added to get excellent cutting characteristic but not able to use due to an environmental problem. As a result, much more excellent cutting characteristic was realized in comparison with that including the lead.
Abstract 12467: Engineered Somatic Cells for Cardiac Repair (2010)

Short-term placement of a PICC line did not alter viscoelastic endpoints in healthy beagles.
(–)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans (2006)

Epidemiological and medical anthropological investigations suggest that flavanol-rich foods exert cardiovascular health benefits. Endothelial dysfunction, a prognostically relevant key event in atherosclerosis, is characterized by a decreased bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) and impaired flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). We show in healthy male adults that the ingestion of flavanol-rich cocoa was associated with acute elevations in levels of circulating NO species, an enhanced FMD response of conduit arteries, and an augmented microcirculation. In addition, the concentrations and the chemical profiles of circulating flavanol metabolites were determined, and multivariate regression analyses identified (-)-epicatechin and its metabolite, epicatechin-7-O-glucuronide, as independent predictors of the vascular effects after flavanol-rich cocoa ingestion. A mixture of flavanols/metabolites, resembling the profile and concentration of circulating flavanol compounds in plasma after cocoa ingestion, induced a relaxation in preconstricted rabbit aortic rings ex vivo, thus mimicking acetylcholine-induced relaxations. Ex vivo flavanol-induced relaxation, as well as the in vivo increases in FMD, were abolished by inhibition of NO synthase. Oral administration of chemically pure (-)-epicatechin to humans closely emulated acute vascular effects of flavanol-rich cocoa. Finally, the concept that a chronic intake of high-flavanol diets is associated with prolonged, augmented NO synthesis is supported by data that indicate a correlation between the chronic consumption of a cocoa flavanol-rich diet and the augmented urinary excretion of NO metabolites. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the human ingestion of the flavanol (-)-epicatechin is, at least in part, causally linked to the reported vascular effects observed after the consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa.
Electrical and optical properties of Ge–implanted 4H–SiC (1999)

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of single crystalline n-type 4H–SiC implanted with Ge atoms have been investigated through x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), Raman spectroscopy, and sheet resistivity measurements. Ge atoms are implanted under the conditions of a 300 keV ion beam energy with a dose of 2×1016 cm−2. X-ray diffraction of the Ge-implanted sample showed broadening of the Bragg peaks. A shoulder on the (0004) reflection indicated an increase in the lattice constant corresponding to substitutional Ge and implantation induced lattice damage, which was repaired through thermal annealing at 1000 °C. The diffraction pattern after annealing indicated improved crystal structure and a peak shift to a lower reflection angle of 35.2°. The composition of Ge detected through XRD was reasonably consistent with RBS measurements that indicated 1.2% Ge in a 1600-Å-thick layer near the SiC surface. Raman spectroscopy also showed fundamental differences in the spectra obtained for the Ge-implanted SiC (SiC:Ge) compared to a pure sample of SiC. Sheet resistivity measurements indicate a higher conductivity in the Ge implant by a factor of 1.94 compared to unimplanted SiC. These results have demonstrated the possibility of substitutional implantation of Ge atoms into the crystalline lattice of 4H–SiC substrates. The change in composition and properties may have numerous electronic device applications including high power, high temperature, optoelectronic, as well as high frequency device structures.
A Double Disturbance Observer Design for Compensation of Unknown Time Delay in a Wireless Motion Control System (2017)

Unknown time delay poses a significant challenge to the design of networked motion control systems. Moreover, modeling uncertainties, mechanical disturbance, and sensor noise coexist with time delay in such systems, which makes the controller synthesis even more challenging. It has been proven effective to model the time delay as fictitious disturbance so that a disturbance observer (DOB) can be employed to cancel the negative effect of time delay. In this brief, a new double DOB (DDOB) design is proposed by adding one more DOB into the control system to handle actual external disturbance and enable satisfactory tracking performance. Design considerations of the baseline controller and the two DOBs are illustrated, and robust stability analysis is provided to handle modeling uncertainties. A real-time wireless communication protocol, RT-WiFi, is integrated with a DC motor to examine the performance of the proposed DDOB by simulations and experiments.
Millistructured Reactor as Tool for Investigating the Kinetics of Maleic Anhydride Synthesis (2019)

Abstract A nearly isothermal millistructured fixed‐bed reactor was used to investigate the kinetics of the selective oxidation of n ‐butane to maleic anhydride. In addition to the investigation of a broad range of industrially relevant conditions, the focus was on the influence of the reaction products on the kinetics. For this purpose, a saturator for the accurate dosing of the target product MA was developed. The experimental data were used to derive a reaction network comprising the by‐products acetic and acrylic acid. Additionally, the inhibition of the associated reactions by reactants and products was investigated.
Discovery of MK-1220: A Macrocyclic Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease with Improved Preclinical Plasma Exposure (2011)

The discovery of MK-1220 is reported along with the development of a series of HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors containing a P2 to P4 macrocyclic constraint with improved preclinical pharmacokinetics. Optimization of the P2 heterocycle substitution pattern as well as the P3 amino acid led to compounds with greatly improved plasma exposure following oral dosing in both rats and dogs while maintaining excellent enzyme potency and cellular activity. These studies led to the identification of MK-1220.
Commande prédictive des systèmes hybrides. Application à la commande d’un convertisseur Buck (2013)

Présentation Commission Automatique Supélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Silicon waveguides and ring resonators at 5.5 &#x00B5;m (2010)

We fabricate and characterize silicon waveguides and ring resonators around 5.5 μm on the Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) platform. The waveguide loss is 4.1 ± 0.7 dB/cm, and a Q value of 1.4k is achieved.
Políticas territoriales y efectos sobre el desarrollo urbano a partir del caso de Temuco, Chile (2021)

Este artículo se aproxima, a través del caso de estudio de Temuco (Chile), al papel de las políticas públicas en ciudades intermedias a la hora de generar agendas que apuesten por un desarrollo urbano y territorial integral, que supere lo meramente económico. El objetivo del manuscrito es analizar e interpretar este proceso, mediante una metodología que combina la revisión de la literatura y la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a actores clave.Los resultados permiten conocer las causas, alcances y limitaciones de las estrategias locales de desarrollo y los efectos sobre el entorno regional de Temuco. De esta forma, puede concluirse la presencia de una política pública marcadamente centralista, diseñada desde fuera de la región y con un acento fuertemente económico, que deja al sector privado la responsabilidad sobre lo que sucede en el territorio.
High SUVs Have More Robust Repeatability in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Results from a Prospective Test-Retest Cohort Imaged with 18F-DCFPyL (2022)

In this prospective test-retest setting, SUV parameters demonstrated high repeatability, in particular in LNs, while volumetric parameters demonstrated low repeatability. Further, the large number of lesions and wide distribution of SUVs included in this analysis allowed for the demonstration of a dependence of repeatability on SUV, with higher SUVs having more robust repeatability.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of PhotoAffinity Bits: A Photoaffinity-Based Fragment Screening Platform for Efficient Identification of Protein Ligands. (2020)

Advances in genomic analyses enable the identification of new proteins that are associated with disease. To validate these targets, tool molecules are required to demonstrate that a ligand can have a disease-modifying effect. Currently, as tools are reported for only a fraction of the proteome, platforms for ligand discovery are essential to leverage insights from genomic analyses. Fragment screening offers an efficient approach to explore chemical space, however, it remains challenging to develop techniques that are both sufficiently high-throughput and sensitive. We present a fragment screening platform, termed PhABits (PhotoAffinity Bits), which utilises a library of photoreactive fragments to covalently capture fragment-protein interactions. Hits can be profiled to determine potency and site of crosslinking, and subsequently developed as reporters in a competitive displacement assay to identify novel hit matter. We envision that the PhABits will be widely applicable to novel protein targets, identifying starting points in the development of therapeutics.
Capsaicin-sensitive mechanisms and experimentally induced duodenal ulcers in rats (1987)

The incidence and degree of cysteamine- or dulcerozine-induced duodenal ulcers are increased by systemic capsaicin desensitization (50 mg kg-1 s.c. 4 days before) in adult rats. Acute administration of capsaicin, but not neurokinins or CGRP, produced a small but distinct plasma extravasation (Evans blue leakage) in the rat proximal duodenum which was absent in capsaicin-pretreated rats. These findings indicate the existence of a capsaicin-sensitive 'duodenal defence mechanism' in rats.
Full Poincaré polarimetry for enhanced microscopic sensing (2021)

A new polarisation sensing paradigm circumvents the limitations of traditional approaches. We use a GRIN optic for universal polarisation mapping. Mean errors &lt;1% for each Stokes vector component lead to more sensitive polarimetric microscopy.
Application of deuterium labelling mass spectrometry in a study of the metabolism of the enantiomers of cyclophosphamide (1977)

The antitumour agent cyclophosphamide—{2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-tetrahydro-2H -1,3,2-oxaza-phosphorine 2-oxide}—is chiral owing to asymmetry at phosphorus. The differential metabolism of the enantiomers [(+)-cyclophosphamide and (−)-cyclophosphamide] can be monitored by mass spectrometry if pseudoracemates consisting of either unlabelled [2H0] (+)- and tetradeuterated [2H4] (−)-cyclophosphamide or of [2H0](−) and [2H4](+) enantiomers are administered. Using this principle, methodology has been developed for determining the enantiomer ratios of cyclophosphamide and two metabolites, 4-ketocyclophosphamide {2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino] tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-one 2-oxide} and carboxyphosphamide [2-carboxyethyl N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidate] recovered from the urine of mice. The drug and the two metabolites were quantified using [2H10]cyclophosphamide, 4-keto-[2H8]cyclophosphamide and [2H6]carboxyphosphamide respectively, as internal standards. The amount of cyclophosphamide excreted was small and neither enantiomer preponderated markedly, but the minor metabolite, 4-ketocyclophosphamide, was markedly depleted in the enantiomer derived from (−)-cyclophosphamide, whereas the major metabolite, carboxyphosphamide, was slightly depleted in the enantiomer derived from (+)-cyclophosphamide.
Mimicking the Active Center of Methane-monooxygenase by Metal−Peptide Complexes Immobilized on Mesoporous Silica (2007)

The short peptide sequence His-Gly-Gly-Glu, which is found in the active center of methane-monooxygenase, was immobilized on a mesoporous silica support. Self-assembled complexes of the peptide with iron and copper cations were allowed to form. Two methods were used to immobilize the peptide on the support. The peptide was either prepared on a solid-phase peptide synthesizer and then grafted on the silica support, or the peptide chain was grown directly on the silica support by a manual step-by-step synthesis. The latter method allowed us to immobilize more peptide on the support, but similar complexes were formed in both methods. Characterization by UV−vis and EXAFS showed that the Cu2+ cations were coordinated by two histidine residues originating from neighboring peptide chains and additional N/O ligands from the peptide. The complexes were tested in the oxidation of cyclohexane by H2O2. Activity and selectivity were modest, but higher than those of immobilized metal complexes with single amino acids.
One million pulse circulations in a fiber ring using a SLALOM for pulse shaping and noise reduction (1993)

The distinctly nonlinear input-output characteristics of a nonlinear element consisting of a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) in a loop mirror configuration (SLALOM) that may be utilized for pulse shaping and noise reduction is described. As an example, it is shown that nearly unlimited circulations of optical pulses in a fiber ring are possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Conjugated Organic Chromophores. Theoretical Investigations via a π‐Electron Formalism. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of lipid composition on the orientational order in Acholeplasma laidlawii strain B membranes: A deuterium NMR study (1992)

2H NMR techniques have recently been developed to determine the complete orientational order profile of lipid bilayers employing lipids containing perdeuteriated palmitic acid [Lafleur, M., Fine, B., Sternin, E., Cullis, P.R., & Bloom, M. (1989) Biophys. J. 56, 1037-1041]. In this work, these techniques have been applied to study order profiles in intact membranes derived from Acholeplasma laidlawii strain B. It is shown that complete orientational order profiles can be readily obtained from the intact membranes of A. laidlawii B grown on equimolar amounts of perdeuteriated palmitic acid and a nondeuteriated fatty acid of varying length and unsaturation. By variation of the fatty acid composition employing mixtures of perdeuteriated palmitic acid with myristic, elaidic, oleic, or linoleic acid, a range of hydrocarbon order compatible with high rates and extents of cell growth has been obtained where the average order parameter, mean value of S, varies over the range 0.140-0.176. This same variation in order is seen for liposomes derived from total lipids extracted from these intact membranes. 2H NMR studies on liposomes composed of individual species of the extracted lipids indicate that modulation of the membrane lipid headgroup composition has the potential to play an important role in maintaining the membrane order within this range.
An Assessment of Circulation Control Airfoil Development. (1977)

A circulation control (CC) airfoil development program is presented, including an airfoil designation system. Specific performance objectives are set forth as development goals. Background information includes an assessment of state-of-the-art design practices, a comparison of operational requirements with those of conventional airfoils, and a discussion of previous airfoil performance. Selection and design criteria are described for five new CC airfoils. These designs were wind tunnel evaluated as two-dimensional models and a limited amount of airfoil data is shown for comparison to the prior data base. Two of the airfoils were designed with the objective of maintaining high lift augmentation and improving the critical Mach number characteristics, a combination of qualities that was previously nonexistent. Both designs theoretically accomplished the prescribed goals and were validated by experimental results. The development program has advanced the state of the art and nearly doubled the available data base for CC airfoils. (Author)