gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directed Self-Assembly of Colloidal Particles onto Nematic Liquid Crystalline Defects Engineered by Chemically Patterned Surfaces (2017)

In exploiting topological defects of liquid crystals as the targeting sites for trapping colloidal objects, previous work has relied on topographic features with uniform anchoring to create defects, achieving limited density and spacing of particles. We report a generalizable strategy to create topological defects on chemically patterned surfaces to assemble particles in precisely defined locations with a tunable interparticle distance at nanoscale dimensions. Informed by experimental observations and numerical simulations that indicate that liquid crystals, confined between a homeotropic-anchoring surface and a surface with lithographically defined planar-anchoring stripes in a homeotropic-anchoring background, display splay-bend deformation, we successfully create pairs of defects and subsequently trap particles with controlled spacing by designing patterns of intersecting stripes aligned at 45° with homeotropic-anchoring gaps at the intersections. Application of electric fields allows for dynamic control of trapped particles. The tunability, responsiveness, and adaptability of this platform provide the opportunities for assembly of colloidal structures toward functional materials.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient 1,2,4‐Triazine‐Based Route to the Louisianin Alkaloids. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inherently super-resolving FINCH 3D fluorescence microscopy (2014)

The simplicity of FINCH and the ability to use any fluorescent dye make FINCH an attractive method for super- 3D resolution microscopy. The following is a sampling of images demonstrating the high image quality, full field imaging characteristics and enhanced super-resolving performance now possible with FINCH fluorescence microscopy. In order to compare the resolution enhancement of FINCH imaging over widefield fluorescencea , microscope was designed that enabled the simultaneous imaging of the exact same field by FINCH and widefield microscopy as diagrammatically shown in Figure 1.
Time-domain AC characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoelectromechanical switches toward high-speed operations (2013)

We report an experimental study on AC measurements of contact-mode switches based on silicon carbide (SiC) nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). We describe the development of circuits and measurement techniques for recording long cycles of AC switching characteristics of SiC NEMS featured by ultrasmall device movable volumes (at ~1μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> level) and contact areas (only ~0.01-0.1μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), and challenging contact resistances (can be from ~10KΩ to ~100MΩ). We perform time-domain AC characterization of SiC NEMS switches with operating speeds up to 1kHz and high on/off current ratios of ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> . For multiple devices, we have recorded the complete time evolution of AC switching data traces of >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> cycles at 1kHz, without failure in ambient air. Beyond these long cycles the devices are still alive, which demands even higher-speed, accelerated AC measurements for long-lifetime recording.
Access to Imidazole Derivatives by Silver(I) Carbonate Mediated Coupling of Vinyl Azides with Secondary Amines (2016)

Abstract An efficient protocol for the synthesis of structurally diverse imidazoles by Ag 2 CO 3 ‐mediated coupling of vinyl azides with secondary amines was developed, and 22 different examples were synthesized in good to high yields. This operationally simple synthetic strategy allows the formation of three new C–N bonds by cascade reactions that involve sp 3 C–H functionalization.
KTa1–x–yTixGeyO3−δ: A High κ Relaxor Dielectric and Superior Oxide-Ion Electrolyte for IT-SOFC (2020)

High κ dielectric/ferroelectric KTaO3 in the perovskite structure is envisaged here as a host lattice to develop a superior oxide-ion electrolyte. The lossy nature of high κ relaxor dielectricity in KTa0.4Ti0.3Ge0.3O2.7 was found to result in superior oxide-ion conductivity (σo) at elevated temperatures (σo > 10–2 s/cm, T ≥ 550 °C). The maximum of the dielectric constant was found to be ∼5300 at an applied frequency of 20 kHz at 650 °C, and Tm was decreasing with an increasing applied frequency. The high σo of KTa0.4Ti0.3Ge0.3O2.7 was observed in coherence of Tm variation with applied frequency, thus establishing the role of dielectricity/polarization in accelerating the transport of oxide-ion vacancies within the percolation limit inside the host structure.
Lamellar Orientation of a Block Copolymer via an Electron-Beam Induced Polarity Switch in a Nitrophenyl Self-Assembled Monolayer or Si Etching Treatments (2020)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) was investigated on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) chemically modified by electron beam (EB) irradiation, which is composed of 6-(4-nitrophenoxy) hexane-1-thiol (NPHT). Irradiating a NPHT by EB could successfully induce the orientation and selective patterning of block copolymer domains. We clarified that spatially-selective lamellar orientations of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) could be achieved by a change of an underlying SAM. The change of an underlying SAM is composed of the transition of an NO2 group to an NH2 group, which is induced by EB. The modification in the polarity of different regions of the SAM with EB lithography controlled the lamellar orientation of PS-b-PMMA. The reduction of the NPHT SAM plays an important role in the orientation of block copolymer. This method might significantly simplify block copolymer DSA processes when it is compared to the conventional DSA process. By investigating the lamellae orientation with EB, it is clarified that only suitable annealing temperatures and irradiation doses lead to the vertical orientation. We also fabricated pre-patterned Si substrates by EB lithographic patterning and reactive ion etching (RIE). DSA onto such pre-patterned Si substrates was proven to be successful for subdivision of the lithographic patterns into line and space patterns.
Pembrolizumab with low dose carboplatin for recurrent platinum resistant ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer-interim results. (2019)

5519 Background: Pembrolizumab has shown activity in advanced recurrent ovarian cancer (AOC) with an 8% response rate and median progression-free survival (PFS) of 2.1 months reported in KEYNOTE-100. Because platinum chemotherapies also induce T cell proliferation and enhance tumor cell recognition through PD-1/PD-L, we assessed the safety and activity of pembrolizumab with carboplatin in platinum resistant AOC. Methods: Key eligibility criteria for this Phase 1/2 single arm trial were platinum resistant AOC, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer, progression after subsequent systemic therapy, and ECOG PS 0-1. Pembrolizumab 200mg was given on Day 1 and carboplatin AUC 2 on Day 8 and 15 of a 3 week cycle until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. Imaging was done before cycles 4 and 8, then every 3 months and unconfirmed objective response assessed by blinded independent review per RECIST 1.1. Adverse events (AEs) were reported per Common Terminology for Adverse Events v5.0. PD-L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: 27 patients (median age: 64) had received a median of 5 (range: 2-9) prior lines of systemic therapy, which included bevacizumab in 74% of patients. The most common treatment related (TR) AEs were lymphopenia (18%) and anemia (9%). The majority of TR AEs were grade 1 or 2 (93%). 6% of AEs were grade 3 with lymphopenia the most common. Two grade 4 AEs were neutropenia and lymphopenia. Of 23 patients evaluable for best objective response, 13.0% (95% CI, 2.7-33.6) had partial response (PR), 65.2% (95% CI, 42.7-83.6) had stable disease (SD), and 21.7% (95% CI, 7.4-43.7) had progression. 7 of the 23 evaluable patients (30.4%) had archival tumor with modified percent scoring ≥5 for PD-L1 and all achieved PR (3/7, 42.8%) or SD (4/7, 57.2%). Overall median PFS was 4.6 months (95% CI, 2.7-6.2). Rate of PFS at 6 months was 40.4% (95% CI, 25.5-65.5). Median follow-up is 6.2 months and PFS is based on current data, but 8 patients remain on study and estimates will be updated. Conclusions: Pembrolizumab with low dose carboplatin was well tolerated and showed activity in heavily pretreated platinum resistant AOC. Survival and biomarker analyses are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03029598.
Multirate sampling adaptive control and its application to thermal mixing systems (1988)

A stable multivariable adaptive control scheme, which uses different sampling rates in different output measurements, is proposed. This control scheme is suitable for the class of multi-input, multi-output systems, G(z) = A −1 (z)B(z), in which A(z) is nearly diagonal, and outputs have separate dominant time constants. Advantages of using multirate sampling are the reduction in computational load and the improvement of system robustness with respect to sampling. Local stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by introducing a time-varying deadzone in the estimation algorithm. The results are verified by both simulation and experiment.
Elevation of brain glucose and polyol-pathway intermediates with accompanying brain-copper deficiency in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: metabolic basis for dementia (2016)

Impairment of brain-glucose uptake and brain-copper regulation occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we sought to further elucidate the processes that cause neurodegeneration in AD by measuring levels of metabolites and metals in brain regions that undergo different degrees of damage. We employed mass spectrometry (MS) to measure metabolites and metals in seven post-mortem brain regions of nine AD patients and nine controls, and plasma-glucose and plasma-copper levels in an ante-mortem case-control study. Glucose, sorbitol and fructose were markedly elevated in all AD brain regions, whereas copper was correspondingly deficient throughout (all P < 0.0001). In the ante-mortem case-control study, by contrast, plasma-glucose and plasma-copper levels did not differ between patients and controls. There were pervasive defects in regulation of glucose and copper in AD brain but no evidence for corresponding systemic abnormalities in plasma. Elevation of brain glucose and deficient brain copper potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in AD.
Synthesis of a Tetrahydropyran NK1 Receptor Antagonist via Asymmetric Conjugate Addition (2005)

Two asymmetric syntheses of the NK(1) receptor antagonist 1-[2-(R)-{1-(R)-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(R)-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(R)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl]-3-(R)-methylpiperidine-3-carboxylic acid (1) were developed. In both routes, the core tetrahydropyran stereochemistry was established by asymmetric conjugate addition to an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester (6), using an amide of the chiral auxiliary pseudoephedrine. Selective ester reduction then allowed formation of lactone 2 with the thermodynamically preferred trans geometry. The chiral ether side chain (3) was attached by stereoselective acetal substitution. In the first route, the chiral piperidine ester fragment was installed at the end by N-alkylation. In the shorter second synthesis, this piece was appended to the Michael acceptor at the beginning.
Supplementary movie 1 from Serine-Threonine Kinase TAO3-Mediated Trafficking of Endosomes Containing the Invadopodia Scaffold TKS5α Promotes Cancer Invasion and Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Trafficking of TKS5alpha vesicles&lt;/p&gt;
Package Bidding Vickrey vs. Ascending Auctions (2002)

<titre>ENCHÈRES PAR LOTS : MÉCANISME DE VICKREY OU ENCHÈRES ASCENDANTES </titre> On démontre que les enchères à la Vickrey et les enchères ascendantes par lots ont des propriétés similaires dans le cas où les biens concernés sont des substituts. Dans les autres cas, les mécanismes de Vickrey conservent leurs propriétés incitatives, mais conduisent à des prix si bas que le résultat n’appartient pas au noyau de l’économie d’échange concernée. Les enchères à la Vickrey induisent par ailleurs des biais qui affectent les investissements dans les nouvelles technologies. Par contraste, les enchères ascendantes par lots produisent un équilibre qui appartient au noyau de l’économie, sont neutres en matière d’incitations à l’investissement et sont plus simples à comprendre et à gérer pour les participants au mécanisme. Classification JEL : D44, C78
Exploiting Radiation-Induced Signaling to Increase the Susceptibility of Resistant Cancer Cells to Targeted Drugs: AKT and mTOR Inhibitors as an Example (2017)

Implementing targeted drug therapy in radio-oncologic treatment regimens has greatly improved the outcome of cancer patients. However, the efficacy of molecular targeted drugs such as inhibitory antibodies or small molecule inhibitors essentially depends on target expression and activity, which both can change during the course of treatment. Radiotherapy has previously been shown to activate prosurvival pathways, which can help tumor cells to adapt and thereby survive treatment. Therefore, we aimed to identify changes in signaling induced by radiation and evaluate the potential of targeting these changes with small molecules to increase the therapeutic efficacy on cancer cell survival. Analysis of "The Cancer Genome Atlas" database disclosed a significant overexpression of <i>AKT1, AKT2</i>, and <i>MTOR</i> genes in human prostate cancer samples compared with normal prostate gland tissue. Multifractionated radiation of three-dimensional-cultured prostate cancer cell lines with a dose of 2 Gy/day as a clinically relevant schedule resulted in an increased protein phosphorylation and enhanced protein-protein interaction between AKT and mTOR, whereas gene expression of <i>AKT, MTOR</i>, and related kinases was not altered by radiation. Similar results were found in a xenograft model of prostate cancer. Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR/AKT signaling after activation by multifractionated radiation was more effective than treatment prior to radiotherapy. Taken together, our findings provide a proof-of-concept that targeting signaling molecules after activation by radiotherapy may be a novel and promising treatment strategy for cancers treated with multifractionated radiation regimens such as prostate cancer to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to molecular targeted drugs. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 355-67. ©2017 AACR</i><b>See all articles in this <i>MCT Focus</i> section, "Developmental Therapeutics in Radiation Oncology."</b>
Joint Segmentation and Path Classification of Curvilinear Structures (2019)

Detection of curvilinear structures in images has long been of interest. One of the most challenging aspects of this problem is inferring the graph representation of the curvilinear network. Most existing delineation approaches first perform binary segmentation of the image and then refine it using either a set of hand-designed heuristics or a separate classifier that assigns likelihood to paths extracted from the pixel-wise prediction. In our work, we bridge the gap between segmentation and path classification by training a deep network that performs those two tasks simultaneously. We show that this approach is beneficial because it enforces consistency across the whole processing pipeline. We apply our approach on roads and neurons datasets.
Comparison of two label-free global quantitation methods, APEX and 2D gel electrophoresis, applied to the Shigella dysenteriae proteome (2009)

The in vitro stationary phase proteome of the human pathogen Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (SD1) was quantitatively analyzed in Coomassie Blue G250 (CBB)-stained 2D gels. More than four hundred and fifty proteins, of which 271 were associated with distinct gel spots, were identified. In parallel, we employed 2D-LC-MS/MS followed by the label-free computationally modified spectral counting method APEX for absolute protein expression measurements. Of the 4502 genome-predicted SD1 proteins, 1148 proteins were identified with a false positive discovery rate of 5% and quantitated using 2D-LC-MS/MS and APEX. The dynamic range of the APEX method was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of CBB-stained spot intensity quantitation. A squared Pearson correlation analysis revealed a reasonably good correlation (R2 = 0.67) for protein quantities surveyed by both methods. The correlation was decreased for protein subsets with specific physicochemical properties, such as low Mr values and high hydropathy scores. Stoichiometric ratios of subunits of protein complexes characterized in E. coli were compared with APEX quantitative ratios of orthologous SD1 protein complexes. A high correlation was observed for subunits of soluble cellular protein complexes in several cases, demonstrating versatile applications of the APEX method in quantitative proteomics.
Neuromagnetic beta-band oscillation for rhythmic processing induced by subjectively accented structure (2013)

Musical rhythm facilitates synchronized body movements and schema-based, predictive timing perception. Our previous magnetoencephalography (MEG) study demonstrated that beta-band (~20 Hz) activity in bilateral auditory cortices shows synchronized modulation that predicts the time point of the next beat (Fujioka et al. 2009, 2012). Furthermore, after finger tapping to a different musical meter such as a march or waltz (every 2nd or 3rd beat), the broadband evoked response from auditory cortex differentiates the metric conditions (Fujioka et al., 2010). Here we examined how beta-band activity indexed subjective metrical perception during listening to unaccented beats (1) after listening to acoustically accented beats, and (2) after finger tapping with either the left or right index finger. The auditory cortices showed beat-synchronized modulation in line with the previous studies in both march and waltz conditions. However, distinction between down-beat and up-beat positions was stronger in march than in waltz condition, with symmetrical activities in the left and right auditory cortices. This contrast between the two metric conditions was stronger in the side contralateral to the tapping finger in the tapping condition. This suggests that contribution of auditory cortices to metric processing depends on both its timing structure and rhythmic movement in the contralateral hemisphere.
<title>Surface inspection of flat products by means of texture analysis: on-line implementation using neural networks</title> (1994)

This paper describes some texture-based techniques that can be applied to quality assessment of flat products continuously produced (metal strips, wooden surfaces, cork, textile products, ...). Since the most difficult task is that of inspecting for product appearance, human-like inspection ability is required. A common feature to all these products is the presence of non- deterministic texture on their surfaces. Two main subjects are discussed: statistical techniques for both surface finishing determination and surface defect analysis as well as real-time implementation for on-line inspection in high-speed applications. For surface finishing determination a Gray Level Difference technique is presented to perform over low resolution images, that is, no-zoomed images. Defect analysis is performed by means of statistical texture analysis over defective portions of the surface. On-line implementation is accomplished by means of neural networks. When a defect arises, textural analysis is applied which result in a data-vector, acting as input of a neural net, previously trained in a supervised way. This approach tries to reach on-line performance in automated visual inspection applications when texture is presented in flat product surfaces.
BM3D-verfeinerte Zwischenbildsynthese für unterschiedlich aufgelöste Referenzansichten (2013)

Die Synthese unbekannter Zwischenansichten mit Hilfe von Tiefenkarten ist eine Kernaufgabe in der 3DVideosignalverarbeitung. Um ein hochqualitatives Zwischenbild generieren zu können, werden gewöhnlich mehrere hochaufgelöste Referenzansichten verwendet. Prinzipiell werden dabei die beiden benachbarten Kameraansichten mit Hilfe der entsprechenden Tiefeninformation in die Bildebene der Zielansicht projiziert und anschließend zusammengefügt.Im Normalfall bleiben nach dem Zusammenfügen der beiden Projektionsergebnisse nur noch sehr kleine Lochstrukturen übrig, die mit unterschiedlichen Interpolationsmethoden geschlossen werden können. Um die Kosten im Bezug auf das genutzte Kameraarray zu senken, könnten einige der hochauflösenden Kameras durch niedrigaufgelöste ersetzt werden. Diese niedrigauflösenden Kameras sind zwar billiger in der Anschaffung, liefern im Gegenzug aber auch eine deutlich schlechtere Bildqualität und beeinflussen damit das Ergebnis der Zwischenbildsynthese, besonders in Bildbereichen, die nur in der niedrigaufgelösten Referenz sichtbar sind. In diesem Beitrag wird die Fragestellung behandelt, wie ein Zwischenbild hoher Qualität aus zwei Kameraansichten generiert werden kann, die stark unterschiedliche Auflösungen und damit Bilder unterschiedlicher visueller Qualität liefern. Das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit liegt auf einem Nachverarbeitungsschritt, basierend auf dem BM3D-Verfahren, mit dem Ziel, Bildbereiche, die aus der niedrigaufgelösten Referenzansicht eingefügt wurden, an ihre hochaufgelöste Umgebung anzupassen. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass die BM3D-Verfeinerung von synthetisierten Zwischenbildern zu einem PSNR-Gewinn von bis zu 0,51 dB auf dem gesamten Bild und 5,69 dB bezogen auf die Verfeinerungspositionen führt. Auch die visuelle Bildqualität lässt sichdurch die vorgeschlagene Nachverarbeitung deutlich steigern.
Role of Hypoxic Stress in Regulating Tumor Immunogenicity, Resistance and Plasticity (2018)

Hypoxia, or gradients of hypoxia, occurs in most growing solid tumors and may result in pleotropic effects contributing significantly to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance. Indeed, the generated hypoxic stress has a strong impact on tumor cell biology. For example, it may contribute to increasing tumor heterogeneity, help cells gain new functional properties and/or select certain cell subpopulations, facilitating the emergence of therapeutic resistant cancer clones, including cancer stem cells coincident with tumor relapse and progression. It controls tumor immunogenicity, immune plasticity, and promotes the differentiation and expansion of immune-suppressive stromal cells. In this context, manipulation of the hypoxic microenvironment may be considered for preventing or reverting the malignant transformation. Here, we review the current knowledge on how hypoxic stress in tumor microenvironments impacts on tumor heterogeneity, plasticity and resistance, with a special interest in the impact on immune resistance and tumor immunogenicity.