gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detrusor–External Sphincter Dyssnergia (2007)

Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) is characterized by involuntary contractions of the external urethral sphincter during an involuntary detrusor contraction. It is caused by neurological lesions between the brainstem (pontine micturition centre) and the sacral spinal cord (sacral micturition centre). These include traumatic spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, myelodysplasia and other forms of transverse myelitis. There are three main types of DESD. In Type 1 there is a concomitant increase in both detrusor pressure and sphincter EMG activity. At the peak of the detrusor contraction the sphincter suddenly relaxes and unobstructed voiding occurs. Type 2 DESD is characterized by sporadic contractions of the external urethral sphincter throughout the detrusor contraction. In Type 3 DESD there is a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of sphincter contraction which results in urethral obstruction throughout the entire detrusor contraction. In patients with sufficient manual dexterity the most reasonable treatment option is to abolish the involuntary detrusor contractions (to ensure continence) and then to institute intermittent self-catheterization (in order to empty the bladder). The bladder may be paralysed pharmacologically or may be surgically converted to a low pressure urinary reservoir by the technique of augmentation enterocystoplasty. In quadriplegic men, transurethral external sphincterotomy may be performed and the incontinence managed with an external urinary appliance. Without proper treatment over 50% of men with DESD develop serious urological complications within about five years. In women these complications are much less common.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Indanols from tert‐Cyclobutanols Using a Rhodium‐Catalyzed CC/CH Activation Sequence (2009)

Activation! An enantioselective activation of tert-cyclobutanols by a chiral rhodium(I) complex has been developed. The resulting reactive organometallic species lead (presumably by a CH activation pathway) to aryl rhodium intermediates that provide substituted indanol derivatives in excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Microwave power dependence of HTS thin film transmission lines (1995)

Stripline resonator measurements indicate nonlinear response in thin film YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ transmission lines when microwave power levels exceed a certain critical level. The nonlinearities likely originate in the intergranular junctions of the c-axis epitaxial films. An effective medium approach is used here to model the series impedance of the grain junctions. The field dependence of the surface resistance and penetration depth in the junctions are modeled at low fields with a Ginzburg-Landau type response, at intermediate fields by an intergranular fluxoid state, and at high fields by a flux flow shielding state which occurs at a frequency and temperature dependent transition field H/sub trJ/. Comparisons are made with measured data over a range of frequencies and power levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dynamic weighted majority: a new ensemble method for tracking concept drift (2004)

Algorithms for tracking concept drift are important for many applications. We present a general method based on the weighted majority algorithm for using any online learner for concept drift. Dynamic weighted majority (DWM) maintains an ensemble of base learners, predicts using a weighted-majority vote of these "experts", and dynamically creates and deletes experts in response to changes in performance. We empirically evaluated two experimental systems based on the method using incremental naive Bayes and incremental tree inducer [ITI] as experts. For the sake of comparison, we also included Blum's implementation of weighted majority. On the STAGGER concepts and on the SEA concepts, results suggest that the ensemble method learns drifting concepts almost as well as the base algorithms learn each concept individually. Indeed, we report the best overall results for these problems to date.
Investigation of Structural Evolution of Li1.1V3O8 by In Situ X-ray Diffraction and Density Functional Theory Calculations (2017)

Li1.1V3O8 is a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries, because of its high theoretical capacity (362 mAh g–1) and good rate performance. In this study, the structural evolution of Li1.1V3O8 material during electrochemical dis(charge) processes was investigated using a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental data. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to predict the intermediate structures at various lithiation states, as well as the stability of major phases. In order to validate these predictions, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) data was collected operando, allowing for the phase transformations to be monitored under current load and eliminating the possibilities of structural relaxation processes and environmental oxidation. Rietveld refinement was performed to fit the diffraction data with the DFT-derived structures and to analyze the fractions of major phases as a function of dis(charge). The DFT calculations identified three stable states that were validated by the in situ XRD result: a Li-poor α-phase (Li1), a Li-rich α-phase (Li2.5), and a β-phase (Li4). The DFT-predicted particle shape based on the surface energy of the (100), (001), and (010) planes rationalized the preferential orientation of Li1.1V3O8 particles along the [010] direction in the electrode. Furthermore, the onset and offset of the α → β transition, as well as the phase fractions of α and β determined via in situ XRD, related well with the DFT-derived relative stability of each phase. Thus, by integrating DFT calculations with experimental work, this work provides a thorough understanding of the structural transformations in Li1.1V3O8 during electrochemical dis(charge).
Effects of cutting speed on phase changes in ultra-precision raster milling of Zn–Al alloy (2016)

Ultra-precision raster milling induces external stress to cause phase changes of Zn–Al alloy at a thin surface layer, which further degrade surface integrity of high-precision components. This study focuses on discussing phase changes at the surfaces of the alloy after ultra-precision raster milling under the high cutting speeds of 680 m/min, 1120 m/min, and 1360 m/min. Along with the penetration depth at the machined surfaces, phase changes and surface hardening rapidly declined to vanish with crystal orientation shift back to its standard Bragg angle. As the cutting speeds increased, phase changes, crystal orientation shift, and surface hardening obviously decreased with phase change thicknesses from 323 nm, 241 nm to 87 nm. It is worth noticing that at a high cutting speed phase changes at the machined surface can be greatly reduced to a significant degree.
Perceptual and physiological dysfunction in depression (1990)

P300 responses to emotive words of different hedonic tones were assessed in depressed patients (unipolar major), patients recovered from the same type of depression and normal controls. Depressed patients showed a smaller amplitude of P300 in response to negatively toned words than to positive words; normal controls showed the opposite pattern and recovered patients showed a pattern of response which resembled that of depressed patients. The experimental trials comparing responses to negative and positive stimuli in relation to neutral words showed significant differences for negative as compared with neutral stimuli, but not for positive as compared with neutral stimuli. Latencies of P300 did not differentiate depressed patients from normal controls. The results are discussed within the context of the 'expectancy' theory of information processing.
Double interfacial layers for highly efficient organic light-emitting devices (2007)

The authors report on a highly efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting device (PHOLED) achieved by introducing nanoscale double interfacial layers, made by ultrathin surfactant and low work-function metal layers. It is shown that double interfacial layers play multiple roles in the enhancement of device performance: increasing electron injection, hole blocking, and reducing surface roughness of electroluminescent layer. With double interfacial layers, a PHOLED has shown efficiency as high as ∼60cd∕A with a current density of 1.6mA∕cm2 and a luminance of 1000cd∕m2 at 6.5V, which is higher than that of a control device with a single CsF interfacial layer.
Gastric rupture as a rare complication in diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (2013)

A 76-year-old woman was referred for diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) because of melena and iron deficiency anemia without other symptoms of gastrointestinal disease. Although the patient was a smoker, she had no major signs of chronic obstructive lung disease with an oxygen saturation of 90 %. EGD with conscious sedation using midazolam was performed by a physician in training and supervised by an expert gastroenterologist.
Alternate State Variables for Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We provide an outlook of some important state variables for emerging nanoelectronic devices. State variables are physical representations of information used to perform information processing via memory and logic functionality. Advances in material science, emerging nanodevices, nanostructures, and architectures have provided hope that alternative state variables based on new mechanisms, nanomaterials, and nanodevices may indeed be plausible. We review and analyze the computational advantages that alternate state variables may possibly attain with respect to maximizing computational performance via minimum energy dissipation, maximum operating switching speed, and maximum device density. </para>
Development status of photoresist as mask material for Injection Molded Solder (IMS) technique (2016)

Novel bumping technology that can realize high density assembly of IC chips and packages with a high number of I/O is required in the field of electronic packaging. Currently, the electroplating method or the solder ball placement method have been widely adopted for the fabrication of solder bumps down to sub-hundred microns in diameter. However, there are some limitations with these current bumping methods. For example, in the case of an electroplating method, the solder bump composition fabricated in this method is limited. In addition, careful maintenance of the plating solution is necessary in order to prevent a gradual compositional shift of the plating solution. Recently, a novel bumping process called Injection Molded Solder (IMS) was proposed, which enabled direct injection of molten solder into the holes of a photoresist patterned array. In this paper, the current status of photoresist development and recent achievements for obtaining excellent solder filling rates are described. One of the important factors to obtain a high solder filling rate is reducing the amount of outgases from the photoresists at high temperature, as they prevented smooth solder filling into the photoresist holes. In order to solve such an issue, novel photoresists with high thermal stability have been designed and developed. The number of defects was drastically decreased by applying the improved photoresist to the IMS process. Currently, solder bump arrays with 50 μm diameter were perfectly formed with SAC305 as a solder on a 6 inch wafer with no defects. Also, excellent solder filling was observed at holes down to 20 μm in diameter. Some other advantages of IMS, such as solder height uniformity and thermal reflow-free processes, are also described. Even though there is some significant progress in materials and processing, we still have room to modify our material design to establish a much more stable and reliable IMS process. As example parameters, the effects of the elastic modulus and molten solder wettability are also described. Our goal is to realize perfect solder filling with 12 inch wafers in the near future.
Dynamic invocation model of Web services using subsumption relations (2004)

Enterprise information systems are currently developed as Web-based applications in the service-oriented architecture style, which is implied by the stack of Web services standards. One of the most critical aspects in enterprise information systems is to maintain their continuous operation as long as possible. Conventional service invocation mechanism identifies Web services with similar signatures found by a service discovery as distinctively different ones, resulting in the suspension of a service requester and the modification of its invocation procedures. In this paper, we propose a reasonable solution to realize runtime invocation of Web services, regarding structural similarities in service signatures as subsumption relations of XML scheme. Given Web services with subsumed signatures, this solution enables a service requester to invoke the Web services by translating the scheme types of the invocation parameters.
Microstructural Elements of Components Derived from 3D Printing (2018)

Three Dimensional Printing is a rapid prototyping technique to manufacture functional components directly from computer models.The process involves spreading the powder in thin tayers and then selective binding ofthe powder using a technology similar to ink-jet printing.Layers are .addedsequentially until a . .part is completed.The simplest microstructural feature of a 3DP part results from the interaction of a binder droplet with the powder bed; termed as "primitive."These primitives' have denser powder packing than is found in the loose powder bed.FormatioA of the primitives is found to be dep'enderit on thephysical'and chemical characteristics ofthe powder and binder.The present study discusses tHe effect of size, morphology ahd packing density of different alumina powder on the microstructural features and densification.of,the primitives.
Characterization of functional neural networks using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in awake rats (2015)

1542 Objectives Functional neural networks in rodents are mostly studied using either sedated or restrained animals. As both conditions interfere with task-related brain activity, we assessed metabolic PET in awake and unrestrained rats for functional connectivity analysis. Methods After i.p. injection of 2 mCi FDG, 19 Lister hooded rats underwent a classical acoustic startle paradigm for 45 min, while sitting in a dark enclosure. In a second PET session, rats were exposed to 45 min background noise (resting state) in the same setting. Rats were anesthetized 60 min after FDG injection and measured in a Siemens Focus 220 small animal scanner for 30 min. Image intensity was normalized to whole brain activity, and 19 intra-individual difference images (resting state minus startle) were calculated. They were used to conduct a seed-based correlative analysis. Positive correlations identified brain voxels performing analog to the seed region, i.e., their values were high in animals with high seed values. Three seed regions (2×2×2 voxels) were chosen: 1) Highest FDG uptake in resting state versus startle: retrosplenial cortex (RSC). 2) Lowest FDG uptake in resting state: auditory cortex (A1). 3) Same FDG uptake in both conditions: cingulate cortex (Cg1). Results Three distinct neural networks emerged: 1) RSC-correlated voxels comprised the parietal default mode network. 2) A1-correlated voxels included the lateral cortical network, amygdala and auditory pathway. 3) Cg1-correlated voxels comprised the Papez circuit (septum, hippocampus, anterior thalamus, mamillary bodies). Conclusions Seed-based correlative analysis of FDG-PET difference images (resting state minus activation) is suitable to identify cerebral networks in rats. Using awake and freely moving animals enables functional network analysis of complex behavioral paradigms.
Identification of metabolites of dalfampridine (4-aminopyridine) in human subjects and reaction phenotyping of relevant cytochrome P450 pathways (2013)

There is limited metabolism of 4-AP in humans. The two major metabolites were 3-hydroxy-4-AP and 3-hydroxy-4-AP sulfate, likely through CYP2E1 pathways; the possibility of other CYP enzymes playing a minor role in 4-AP metabolism could not be established unequivocally. Overall, these data suggest that there is a low risk for drug-drug interactions via an impact on 4-AP metabolism through cytochrome pathways.
Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor and feed intake on energy metabolism in growing beef steers: whole-body energy and nitrogen metabolism2 (1992)

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on energy and N metabolism in six growing Hereford x Angus steers were measured using a split-plot design with 4-wk injection periods within 8-wk intake periods. Steers were fed a 75% concentrate pelleted diet at two intakes (low: 50 g/BW.75 and high: 90 g/BW.75 as fed) and injected s.c. with saline or 10 micrograms/kg of BW of human GRF(1-29)NH2 twice daily for 3 wk. Measurements of energy and N balance were obtained during wk 3 of treatments. Diet DM digestibility (%) was decreased by greater intake (P less than .05) and increased by GRF (P less than .06). Treatment with GRF increased (P less than .01) N retention by decreasing (P less than .05) fecal and urinary excretion: N retention averaged 10.0 and 20.8 g/d at low intake and 25.9 and 46.7 g/d at high intake for control- and GRF-treated steers, respectively. Increased ME (P less than .05) in GRF-treated steers also resulted from decreased fecal (P less than .05) and urinary (P less than .07) energy excretion but was countered by increased (P less than .06) heat energy (HE). Tissue energy (TE), partial efficiency of ME use for TE retention, and estimated maintenance energy were not affected (P greater than .10) by GRF treatment. In summary, GRF treatment altered the partition of TE by increasing protein retention (108 and 80% for low and high intake, respectively) at the expense of fat retention.
ES&T Views: Assurance Levels of Standard Sample Size Formulas (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTES&T Views: Assurance Levels of Standard Sample Size FormulasLarry BlackwoodCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 8, 1366–1367Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online31 July 2003Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00020a603https://doi.org/10.1021/es00020a603research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Developing Assays to Address Identity, Potency, Purity and Safety: Cell Characterization in Cell Therapy Process Development (2011)

A major challenge to commercializing cell-based therapies is developing scalable manufacturing processes while maintaining the critical quality parameters (identity, potency, purity, safety) of the final live cell product. Process development activities such as extended passaging and serum reduction/elimination can facilitate the streamlining of cell manufacturing process as long as the biological functions of the product remain intact. Best practices in process development will be dependent on cell characterization; a thorough understanding of the cell-based product. Unique biological properties associated with different types of cell-based products are discussed. Cell characterization may be used as a tool for successful process development activities, which can promote a candidate cell therapy product through clinical development and ultimately to a commercialized product.
Log-based personalization (2014)

WSCD 2014 is the fourth workshop on Web Search Click Data, following WSCD 2009, WSCD 2011 and WSCD 2012. It is a forum for new research relating to Web search usage logs and for discussing desirable properties of publicly released search log datasets. Research relating to search logs has been hampered by the limited availability of click datasets. This series of workshops comes with new datasets based on logged user search behaviour and accompanying data mining challenges. This year the challenge and the workshop are focused on the tasks of personalization using logs.
Collaborative-Relay Beamforming With Perfect CSI: Optimum and Distributed Implementation (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This letter studies the collaborative use of amplify-and-forward (AF) relays to form a virtual multiple-input single-output (MISO) beamforming system with the aid of perfect channel state information (CSI) in a flat-fading channel. In particular, we optimize the relay weights jointly to maximize the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination terminal with both individual and total power constraints at the relays. We show that the optimal collaborative-relay beamforming (CRB) solution achieves the full diversity of a MISO antenna system. Another main contribution of this letter is a distributed algorithm that allows each individual relay to learn its own weight, based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) analysis. </para>
Hericenols A—D and a Chromanone from Submerged Cultures of a Stereum Species. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Limited-domain speech-to-speech translation between English and Pashto (2004)

This paper describes a prototype system for near-real-time spontaneous, bidirectional translation between spoken English and Pashto, a language presenting many technological challenges because of its lack of resources, including both data and expert knowledge. Development of the prototype is ongoing, and we propose to demonstrate a fully functional version which shows the basic capabilities, though not yet their final depth and breadth.
Selective synthesis of anatase and rutile via ultrasound irradiation (2000)

A simple and efficient methodology has been established for the selective synthesis of anatase and rutile as well as their mixtures with various precursors using ultrasound irradiation; the products, the particle sizes of which are nanometric (<9 nm), are dependent both upon the reaction temperature and the precursor used; a substantial reduction in reaction time as well as reaction temperature is observed as compared to the corresponding hydrothemal processes.