gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Field-Balancing of High-Speed Flexible Rotors without Trial Weights (2014)

Flexible rotor balancing, in general, relies to a great extent on physical insight into the modal nature of the unbalance response. The objective of this investigation is to develop a hybrid experimental/analytical technique for balancing high-speed flexible rotors. The developed technique adopts an approach that combines the finite element modeling, experimental modal analysis, vibration measurements, and mathematical identification. The modal imbalances are identified and then transformed to the nodal space, in order to determine a set of physical balancing masses at some selected correction planes. The developed method does not rely on trial runs. In addition, the method does not require operating the supercritical rotor in a high-speed balancing facility, while accounting for the contribution of higher significant modes. The developed scheme is applied to a multidisk, multibearing, high-speed flexible rotor, where the interaction between the rotor-bending operating deflections and the forces resulting from the residual unbalance are appreciable. Some new benchmark solutions and observations are reported. The applicability, reliability, and challenges that may be encountered in field applications are addressed.
Powerful red-green-blue laser source pumped with a mode-locked thin disk laser (2004)

We present a red-green-blue laser source with average powers of 8 W in the red, 23 W in the green, and 10.1 W in the blue. The entire pump power for the nonlinear conversion stages is provided by a single laser oscillator without any amplifier stages. Our system does not require any synchronized cavities, and all nonlinear crystals except one are critically phase matched at room temperature.
Decision letter: CCR4 and CCR7 differentially regulate thymocyte localization with distinct outcomes for central tolerance (2022)

Two-photon microscopy, combined with chemotaxis assays, synchronized thymocyte selection studies, and flow cytometry analyses, reveal that CCR4 and CCR7 promote medullary entry and central tolerance of immature and mature post-positive selection thymocyte subsets, respectively, with distinct outcomes for central tolerance.
Myocardial pressure overload induces systemic inflammation through endothelial cell IL-33 (2015)

Hypertension increases the pressure load on the heart and is associated with a poorly understood chronic systemic inflammatory state. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) binds to membrane-bound ST2 (ST2L) and has antihypertrophic and antifibrotic effects in the myocardium. In contrast, soluble ST2 appears to act as a decoy receptor for IL-33, blocking myocardial and vascular benefits, and is a prognostic biomarker in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Here we report that a highly local intramyocardial IL-33/ST2 conversation regulates the heart's response to pressure overload. Either endothelial-specific deletion of IL33 or cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of ST2 exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy with pressure overload. Furthermore, pressure overload induced systemic circulating IL-33 as well as systemic circulating IL-13 and TGF-beta1; this was abolished by endothelial-specific deletion of IL33 but not by cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of IL33. Our study reveals that endothelial cell secretion of IL-33 is crucial for translating myocardial pressure overload into a selective systemic inflammatory response.
<title>Enabling the 70-nm technology node with 193-nm altPSM lithography</title> (2002)

The likely possibility of having to support the 70 nm technology node with 193 nm lithography is lithography. The extremely significant resolution challenges and the ability of strong resolution enhancement techniques (RET) to meet them, is discussed. Evidence is presented that all strong RET impact the design flow by imposing nontrivial design restrictions. Data from an in-depth alternating phase shifted mask design feasibility assessment, conducted on the poly-gate level of the 180 nm technology node, is presented to give an outlook on the feasibility of RET-enabled design flows. Anticipated complications in taking such RET-enabled design flows to the complexity required for multiple critical levels of the 70nm node are discussed. An EDA solution focusing on complete integration of RET layout manipulations into the design flow is contrasted to an approach focusing on complex, optimized design rule comprises.
Diffusion Weighted Imaging (2009)

Our preliminary data demonstrates the feasibility of a FSE EPI DWI scan with radial-like k-space sampling, using a 32-channel coil at 3 T in acute brain ischemia. The BLADE DWI was the preferred scan for the detection of acute diffusion abnormalities because of the lack of bulk susceptibility artifacts.
Membranes: Transparent, Nanoporous, and Transferable Membrane‐Based Cell–Cell Paracrine Signaling Assay (Adv. Mater. 11/2015) (2015)

A transparent, nanoporous, and transferable (TNT) membrane-based cell co-culture platform is developed by K. Char, J.-M. Nam, and co-workers on page 1893 for systematic investigation and control of paracrine signaling between cancerous and stromal cells. With the high degree of freedom in tuning nanopores, analyzing cells of interest, and manipulating the TNT membranes, the paracrine signaling between metastatic cancer cells and three different types of stromal cells is studied and controlled.
ChatScape (2001)

Informal communication in a community is as important as formal meetings. We propose to support on-line informal communication by a visual communication tool, named ChatScape. A message on ChatScape is made of short text and still images. Short text messages are suitable for informal communication, and snapshots of users adds presence and hints of contexts.
Use of Manufactured Sands for Concrete Pavement (2013)

Manufactured fine aggregates are a product created when rocks are crushed using a mechanical crusher. With the depletion of sources of natural sands, the usage of manufactured fine aggregates has increased. Manufactured fine aggregates have properties that differ from natural sands; for this reason, the plastic and hardened properties of concrete produced using manufactured fine aggregates differ from the properties of concrete made with natural sands. The main concrete properties affected by the usage of manufactured fine aggregates are skid resistance, workability, and finishability. The aim of this research project was to investigate how manufactured fine aggregates could be used in concrete pavements without causing workability or skid related issues. To improve the workability of concrete made with manufactured fine aggregates, the use of the optimized mixture proportioning method developed by the International Center for Aggregate Research (ICAR) was investigated. Results obtained from this testing were used to make recommendations on how to optimize class P concrete mixtures made with any type and combination of aggregates.
<title>Two-dimensional infrared fluorescence scanner used for DNA analysis</title> (1995)

A LI-COR Model 4000 DNA Sequencer has been modified by removing the internal scanning infrared fluorescence microscope and combining it with an external, orthogonal scanner. Due to the reduced background fluorescence and light scattering of nylon membranes in the near- infrared (8000 nm) as compared to the visible region of the optical spectrum, sensitivity of labeled DNA fragments is enhanced. Dot blots of dilution series of labeled oligonucleotides reveal a detection limit of 25 attomole (25 X 10<SUP>-18</SUP> mole). DNA fragments blotted onto nylon membranes using direct transfer electrophoresis in multiplex DNA sequencing can also be detected and subsequently analyzed.
Suppl. Figure S2 from ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S2: HPLC analysis of STO13881 and nNeocuproine showed overlapping profiles and confirmed STO13881 to be neocuproine (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed using the Zuürich functional genomic center.&lt;/p&gt;
Treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis via acupuncture at the sphenopalatine acupoint: a randomized controlled trial (2018)

Acupuncture Clinical Trial Registry, AMCTR-OOR-16000014 and Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR-IOR-16009211 . Registered on 1 September 1 2016.
Social tag prediction (2008)

In this paper, we look at the "social tag prediction" problem. Given a set of objects, and a set of tags applied to those objects by users, can we predict whether a given tag could/should be applied to a particular object? We investigated this question using one of the largest crawls of the social bookmarking system del.icio.us gathered to date. For URLs in del.icio.us, we predicted tags based on page text, anchor text, surrounding hosts, and other tags applied to the URL. We found an entropy-based metric which captures the generality of a particular tag and informs an analysis of how well that tag can be predicted. We also found that tag-based association rules can produce very high-precision predictions as well as giving deeper understanding into the relationships between tags. Our results have implications for both the study of tagging systems as potential information retrieval tools, and for the design of such systems.
Determination of Distance Distribution Functions by Singlet-Singlet Energy Transfer (1971)

The efficiency of energy transfer between two chromophores can be used to define an apparent donor-acceptor distance, which in flexible systems will depend on the R 0 of the chromophores. If efficiency is measured as a function of R 0 , it will be possible to determine the actual distribution function of donor-acceptor distances. Numerical procedures are described for extracting this information from experimental data. They should be most useful for distribution functions with mean values from 20-30 Å (2-3 nm). This technique should provide considerably more detailed information on end-to-end distributions of oligomers than has hitherto been available. It should also be useful for describing, in detail, conformational flexibility in other large molecules.
Poisoning Attacks Against Machine Learning: Can Machine Learning Be Trustworthy? (2022)

Many practical applications benefit from machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies, but their security needs to be studied in more depth. We discuss the risk of poisoning attacks against the training stage of machine learning and challenges of defending against them.
Fluorescence of Free Radicals: A Method for Determining Dissociation Energy Limits (1974)

Abstract In an elementary gas‐phase atom‐transfer reaction, A + BC → AB + C, a lower bound to the dissociation energy of the AB molecule can be deduced from a knowledge of the dissociation energy of the BC molecule and from the knowledge of the highest internal state of the AB product that is populated by the reactive collision process. This latter information may be obtained spectroscopically either from detection of AB chemiluminescence or from detection of the AB product through laser‐induced fluorescence. These two methods are illustrated for the elementary reactions Al + O 3 and Al + O 2 , from which lower bounds are derived for D 0 0 (AlO) of 5.13 ± 0.06 eV and 5.23 ± 0.04eV, respectively.
Quadratic zero-one programming based synthesis of application specific data paths (2002)

In this paper, a novel technique for the synthesis of complex multi-functional units is presented. Given a set of functions or instructions, the goal is to minimize the area cost of a unit that can execute these functions. A common set of primitive functional units is allocated and shared between operations which belong to different functions. In the present approach, a bipartite matching based technique is extended with a quadratic cost function which allows for a much more accurate modeling of interconnect cost compared to previous approaches. In the optimization process, functional unit type selection, instance allocation and instance assignment are performed simultaneously. As an extension of the technique, a set of constraints which exclude solutions with false combinatorial cycles are also presented. Experiments show that highly optimized results can be obtained with acceptable CPU times.
Abietadiene Synthase Catalysis:  Conserved Residues Involved in Protonation-Initiated Cyclization of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate to (+)-Copalyl Diphosphate (2002)

Abietadiene synthase catalyzes two sequential, mechanistically distinct cyclization reactions in the formation of a mixture of abietadiene double bond isomers as the committed step in resin acid biosynthesis. Each reaction is carried out at a separate active site residing in a structurally distinct domain, and the reactions are kinetically separable. The first cyclization reaction is initiated by protonation of the terminal double bond of the universal diterpene precursor, geranylgeranyl diphosphate. The pH dependence of the overall reaction is consistent with an acid-base catalytic mechanism, and a divalent metal ion plays a role in this reaction probably by binding the diphosphate moiety to assist in positioning the substrate for catalysis. A putative active site for the protonation-initiated cyclization was defined by modeling abietadiene synthase and locating the DXDD motif previously shown to be involved in this reaction. A number of charged and aromatic residues, which are highly conserved in mechanistically related diterpene cyclases, line the putative active site. Alanine substitutions were made for each of these residues, as were asparagine and glutamate substitutions for the aspartates of the DXDD motif. Kinetic evaluation confirmed the involvement of most of the targeted residues in the reaction, and analysis of mutational effects on the pH-activity profile and affinity for a transition state analogue suggested specific roles for several of these residues in catalyzing the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (+)-copalyl diphosphate. A functional role was also suggested for the cryptic insertional element found in abietadiene synthase and other diterpene synthases that carry out similar protonation-initiated cyclizations.
Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function (2018)

General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P &lt; 5 x 10(-8)) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
L1C Signal Design Options (2006)

Abstract : Design activities for a new civil signal centered at 1575.42 MHz, called L1C, began in 2003, and the Phase 1 effort was completed in 2004. The L1C signal design has evolved and matured during a Phase 2 design activity that began in 2005. Phase 2 has built on the initial design activity, guided by responses to international user surveys conducted during Phase 1. A common core of signal characteristics has been developed to provide advances in robustness and performance. The Phase 2 activity produced five design options, all drawing upon the core signal characteristics, while representing different blends of characteristics and capabilities. A second round of international user surveys was completed to solicit advice concerning these design options. This paper provides an update of the L1C design process, and describes the current L1C design options. Initial performance estimates are presented for each design option, displaying trades between signal tracking robustness, the speed and robustness of clock and ephemeris data, and the rate and robustness of other data message contents. Planned remaining activities are summarized, leading to optimization of the L1C design.
Effect of Inflow Boundary Conditions on the Turbulence Solution in Internal Flows (2011)

A FULLY implicit numerical method for the solution of threedimensional transport equations of fluid dynamics cast in generalized curvilinear coordinates has been enhanced to demonstrate the effect of inflow conditions on the downstream development of internal flow in a channel. The effect of inlet boundary conditions on turbulence kinetic energy k and the dissipation rate on the downstream developing flow is assessed in terms of local values of k and Reynolds stress profiles. It is shown that the effect of inflow conditions lasts well over tens of channel heights downstream, before the flow eventually attains a fully developed state. This has an important bearing on turbulent flow (especially internal turbulent flow) simulation results where the characteristic dimensions of interest of engineering systems are much shorter. In some simulations, the solution sought may be in serious error if the inflow conditions chosen are not physically realistic. It is therefore important to account for the effect of wind-tunnel inlet turbulence levels when comparing wind-tunnel experimental data with predictions from a given flow simulation. This study serves as a guide in the prescription of inflow boundary conditions on k and in simulating laminar to turbulence transition in such flows. Also, the enhanced fully implicit method presented here is demonstrated to improve the convergence to steady state by 2 orders of magnitude for a fully developed turbulent channelflow at Reynolds numbers (based on the channel height) of 7700 and 12,300 with the Chien kturbulence model over the previous semi-implicit method developed by the author, where the source terms are treated explicitly. For the case of downstream developing flow, 4 orders of magnitude improvement in convergence to steady state has been realized. The solution of transport equations in fluid dynamics involves solving mixed parabolic-hyperbolic systems. Some of these systems can be very stiff and demanding on the computational resources. Thus, they can require long integration times to achieve a steady state. One such stiff system is a two-equation set of partial differential equations governing turbulence kinetic energy, k, and its dissipation rate, . These two quantities define the dynamic turbulence viscosity, t, required for a Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computation, according to the relation
Tuning Polymer Light-Emitting Device Emission Colors in Ternary Blends Composed of Conjugated and Nonconjugated Polymers (2005)

We report here the utilization of a ternary polymer blend system consisting of two conjugated polymers, the orange emitting poly(2-methoxy-5-(2‘-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and blue emitting poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO), with the inert matrix polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to show voltage-controlled color tuning in micro- and nano-phase-separated domains. Morphological characterization using atomic force microscopy showed 100−600 nm diameter sized conjugated polymer domains depressed into the surface when processed from toluene. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to show that the conjugated polymers, present as the minority phase relative to PMMA, tend to remain together in domains phase separated from the matrix. Photophysical and electroluminescence studies showed efficient Förster energy transfer from PFO to MEH-PPV when equal concentrations of conjugated polymers were utilized with emission occurring at 570 nm, leading to a bright yellow light-emitting device. Ternary blends containing an excess of PFO relative to MEH-PPV showed voltage tunable (8−12 V) yellow to green electroluminescence. The ternary blend devices showed higher efficiencies than the binary blend devices consisting of PFO/PMMA. These results demonstrate that the phase-separated morphology having an excess of the high band gap polymer is essential for obtaining voltage-controlled variable color emission in polymer light-emitting devices.
Myocardial positron tomography with N-13 ammonia in assessment of aortocoronary bypass surgery. (1988)

A total of 20 patients were examined at rest and during stress with N-13-ammonia myocardial positron emission tomography (PET) before and after aortocoronary bypass surgery in an attempt to evaluate the effect of surgery on myocardial perfusion and to predict the graft status. The PET images were divided into anterior, septal, apical, lateral and posteroinferior segments for analysis and were evaluated as "normal" (no perfusion defects during stress and at rest), "ischemia" (stress-induced defects) and "fibrosis" (persistent defects both at rest and during stress). Approximately 90% of the segments which were ischemic before surgery became normal after surgery. Thus, ischemic changes are highly reversible, and the vessels perfusing these ischemic areas are most suitable for bypass surgery. However, most of the persistent defects failed to respond to revascularization surgery and, hence, represented irreversibly damaged myocardium. In predicting graft status, graft patency could be demonstrated by normal perfusion in postoperative images (p less than 0.01) or by improved perfusion when pre- and postoperative images were compared (p less than 0.01). However, graft occlusion could not be predicted reliably. This study demonstrated that PET with N-13 ammonia was useful in the assessment of the effects of aortocoronary bypass surgery. However, this technique was not significantly superior to thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography for only qualitative analysis.
Plasmonically Controlled Nucleic Acid Dehybridization with Gold Nanoprisms (2009)

Remote release: Triangular gold nanoprisms convert 1064 nm laser irradiation into heat selectively to allow the dehybridization of oligonucleotide conjugated to their surface (see scheme). These conjugates show unprecedented morphological stability under hours of irradiation. Released nucleic acids are unharmed by this process and can be repeatedly dehybridized and sequestered under spatiotemporal control.
The Role of Adsorption Energy in the Sulfate-Polycarboxylate Competition (2009)

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Stereochemistry of the methyl→methylene elimination in the enzyme-catalysed cyclization of geranyl diphosphate to (4S)-limonene (1997)

The cyclization of (R)-[9-2H1,3H1]geranyl diphosphate catalysed by a recombinant form of (4S)-limonene synthase from spearmint leaf (Mentha spicata) is terminated predominantly by re-facial, anti proton elimination at the cis methyl group, producing (4S, 8E)-[8-2H1,3H1]limonene.