gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioimmunotherapy on circulating tumor cell (CTC) count. (2015)

199 Background: CTC counts with CellSearch methodology are prognostic; changes following therapy may be associated with improved outcomes. Since FDA clearance, baseline and follow up CTC counts were included in studies of radiolabeled J591. The effect of J591 alone (without an effector molecule) is unknown. Methods: Our phase II single-dose 177 Lu-J591 (Cohort 3), phase I fractionated dose 177 Lu-J591 (expansion cohorts), and phase I fractionated 177 Lu-J591 + docetaxel (all pts) trials were analyzed. Any pt with baseline and at least 1 follow-up CTC count (CellSearch) was included in the analysis. A retrospective subset of patients undergoing J591-based imaging without an effector molecule attached was also analyzed. Results: 48 pts received 177 Lu-J591 with prospectively measured CTC counts with median age of 73.7 years. 26 of 48 (54.2%) had unfavorable (≥5 CTCs/7.5 mL blood) baseline CTCs (median 29, range 5-449 CTCs/7.5 mL). Of the 23 with ≥5 baseline CTCs and available 4-6 wk post-treatment counts, 22 (95.6%) had declines of 15-100%, with 12 (52.2%) converting to favorable counts. Of the 18 with ≥5 baseline CTCs and available 12-14 wk post-treatment counts, 10 (55.5%) had declines of 8-100%, with 7 (38.9%) converting to favorable counts. Of the 22 of 48 (45.8%) with baseline CTC counts &lt;5, 1 became unfavorable at 4-6 wks, later re-converting to favorable (early control rate of 95.5%) and 1 became unfavorable at 12-14 wks (sustained control rate of 95.5%). 7 men with unfavorable counts underwent imaging with 20 mg of J591 without an attached effector molecule; 4 (57%) demonstrated decline in CTCs following the imaging dose, with 1 stable and 2 continued to increase prior to subsequent therapy. Conclusions: In addition to the favorable PSA declines previously reported, radiolabeled J591 results in frequent favorable changes in CTC counts, with &gt;90% of men with baseline unfavorable counts receiving 177 Lu-J591 demonstrating CTC count decline or control in pts with baseline favorable counts. A small retrospective subset suggests that CTC counts may also be controlled with naked (unlabeled) anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody and a prospective study investigating this phenomenon will begin enrollment. Clinical trial information: NCT00195039 , NCT00538668 , NCT00916123 .
11.1 A Scalable Heterogeneous Integrated Two-Stage Vertical Power-Delivery Architecture for High-Performance Computing (2023)

Emerging high-performance computing needs in data center, autonomous vehicle, and mobile device processors demand increasingly large peak currents at scaled-CMOS-compatible voltages (<1V). To ease otherwise high <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{I}^{2}\mathrm{R}$</tex> losses in power delivery (PD), most applications now target high system-level voltage busses (e.g., 20V) prior to arriving at the processor load. However, voltage incompatibility with scaled CMOS means that conventional approaches require a voltage regulator module (VRM) located laterally off-chip [1] for conversion down to a lower rail (e.g., 1.8V), followed by a fully integrated voltage regulator (FIVR) using external LC filters with inductors embedded into the package substrate [2] (Fig. 11.1.1). The large conversion ratio required by the VRM and the large lateral interconnect losses from the VRM to the processor, followed by low-voltage/high-currents (LV/HC) that flow out of the FIVR to the substrate conductors/passives and then back into the processor at even lower voltages/higher currents, limit the overall efficiency to ~80 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">%</sup> , which is not sufficient to meet the needs of emerging energy and thermally-constrained systems. Additionally, LV/HC processor PD requires a large number of pins (e.g.,~50 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">%</sup> of all pins for power/gnd), which is problematic for emerging AI/ML applications that require pin-intensive high-throughput memory access. These issues are exacerbated in future systems where more heterogeneous integration (HI) is required.
Analysis of Hardware Trojan Resilience Enabled through Logic Locking (2022)

Emerging threats to hardware Intellectual Property (IP) confidentiality due to the horizontal business model have come in the form of piracy, reverse engineering, and extraction of design secrets. These threats have led to the development of promising IP protection solutions, which include logic locking and hardware obfuscation. While logic locking has been mainly developed for protecting confidentiality of hardware IPs, it may also provide other security benefits that extend beyond IP theft and into defending design integrity against malicious design modifications, referred to as hardware Trojan attacks. Hardware Trojan attacks are realized through insertion of stealthy malicious logic in a design, often activated under rare conditions, so as to evade detection. Existing countermeasures against Trojan attacks primarily focus on detection of an attack through targeted verification approach or its prevention through design solutions. In this paper, we present an investigation on the role of state-of-the-art logic locking methods for protecting against hardware Trojan attacks. We discuss beneficial attributes of logic locking that can contribute to Trojan prevention and significant reduction in its efficacy. We introduce metrics to describe and quantify these phenomena. Through extensive experimental validation and practical Trojan insertion, we show that on average effective logic locking can offer around 87% reduction in Trojan activation success and around 1000x increase in Trojan activation probability of those successfully inserted.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy in monozygotic twins: Deletion of 5′ fragments of the gene (1989)

A recombinant DNA study for deletion evaluation was performed in a 4 generation family with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in twins. The patients were 6 years old, had a history of progressive difficulty in walking since age 4, and showed weak gluteals, iliopsoas, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, lower trapezius, sternocleidomastoids, pseudohypertrophic calves, and tight heelcords. Both patients had high serum creatine kinase of 19,000 and 11,000 IU, respectively, and the muscle biopsy of the left vastus lateralis showed dystrophic alterations. Both twins had the same red cell types for ABO, Rh, CDE, MNSs, Kelly, Lewis, Duffy, and Kidd. HLA typing also detected the same antigens in both twins: A2, B44, DR4, and DR5. Cytogenetic studies were consistent with 46, XY male individuals with normal banding pattern. By cDNA probes the entire DMD gene was surveyed for missing or abnormal-sized restriction fragments. Both twin boys showed absence of 8.5, 8.0, 4.6, 4.2, and 3.1 kb fragments on Hind III blots and absence of 13.5, 3.7, 2.9, and 1.4 kb fragments on Bgl II blots both hybridized with cDNA 1-2a corresponding to most 5' region of the DMD gene. The mother and other relatives of the patient did not show deletion. These findings strongly suggest that the deletion in the DMD monozygotic twins represents a new mutation.
BER-Based Physical Layer Security With Finite Codelength: Combining Strong Converse and Error Amplification (2016)

A bit-error-rate (BER)-based physical layer security approach is proposed for the finite blocklengths. For secure communication in the sense of high BER, the information-theoretic strong converse is combined with cryptographic error amplification achieved by the substitution permutation networks based on the confusion and diffusion. For the discrete memoryless channels (DMCs), an analytical framework is provided showing the tradeoffs among the finite blocklength, the maximum/minimum possible transmission rates, and the BER requirements for the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. In addition, the security gap is analytically studied for the Gaussian channels and the concept is extended to other DMCs including the binary symmetric channels and binary erasure channels.
Gunn effect bibliography (1968)

In view of the rapidly expanding interest and activity in the area of the Gunn effect, the following bibliography has been compiled for people who are studying or doing research in this area. The term "Gunn effect" is used, in general, to collectively describe a number of classes of bulk negative resistance behavior in semiconductors with energy band structures like that of GaAs. These modes of behavior include small-signal amplification, pure accumulation of space charge, mature dipole (true Gunn effect) mode. quenched accumulation (LSA) mode, and quenched dipole mode. These references deal with the theory, experimental results, and applications of the Gunn effect. Works of a fundamental nature concerning phenomena that are basic to all semiconductor behavior and other bulk negative resistance effects have not been included. Also, basic papers dealing with electron transport phenomena, such as hot electron theory and intervalley scattering, which are essential to a complete understanding of the Gunn effect and articles on the properties and band structure of GaAs, InP, CdTe, and other III-V compounds have not generally been included, although in certain cases they are listed if they have been frequently cited. As in the compilation of any bibliography, it is self-evident that some valuable and pertinent articles may have been overlooked.
Influence of Nozzle Design Upon the Primary Jet Breakup of High-Viscosity Fuels for Entrained Flow Gasification (2017)

The research work of the present study is focused on the influence of design parameters of twin-fluid nozzles used for the atomization of high-viscosity fuels with respect to the primary breakup of the liquid jet. Two external mixing twin-fluid nozzles, which have already been investigated in previous studies [1, 2], were chosen as basic design. Based on the previous findings the web thickness between fuel and oxidizer supply was varied. In addition both designs were extended by a channel for internal mixing of gas and liquid with a length to diameter ratio of one. Moreover one of the basic nozzles was scaled by decrease of the effective areas in a way that momentum flux ratio as well as gas to liquid mass flow ratio was kept constant. The newly designed atomizers were subsequently investigated with regard to the influence of the changes upon the primary jet breakup using CFD simulations. The numerical simulations were conducted by means of the open source package OpenFOAM. The Volume of Fluid method was used for the determination of the gas-liquid interface. These simulations were then compared with experimentally validated simulations of the basic nozzle designs with regard to the breakup morphology of the jet and the mode of the primary surface instability. In addition, the liquid structure was examined by comparison of breakup length and frequency. The results of these simulations showed that small changes in the atomizer design heavily influence the primary breakup, which in turn influences the overall performance of the atomizer (e.g. SMD). Moreover, these findings will contribute to a better understanding of the physics of the breakup of high-viscosity liquid jets and as well to create an experimentally validated CFD based tool for future burner development and optimization.
Feedback schemes for radiation damping suppression in NMR: a control-theoretical perspective (2009)

In NMR spectroscopy, the collective measurement is weakly invasive and its back-action is called radiation damping. The aim of this paper is to provide a control-theoretical analysis of the problem of suppressing this radiation damping. It is shown that the two feedback schemes commonly used in the NMR practice correspond one to a high gain output feedback for the simple case of maintaining the spin 1/2 in its inverted state, and the second to a 2-degree of freedom control design with a prefeedback that exactly cancels the radiation damping field. A general high gain feedback stabilization design not requiring the knowledge of the radiation damping time constant is also investigated.
XACML-Based Composition Policies for Ambient Networks (2007)

Ambient Networks (AN) pose new challenges to the management discipline, and policies are considered to be an adequate solution for providing flexibility, distributed control, and self-management features. However, the current state-of the art IETF policy framework was not designed for the challenges of new 3G/4G environments such as AN. This paper presents PBMAN, a policy-based architecture and a composition framework that extends the AN architecture, where policies are intrinsically at the underlying layer by design and not as a later ad-on. The use of policies and their interaction with network composition is the main research challenge of PBMAN. The current architecture has been designed based on previous experience, on a design-implement-test development cycle. The framework was used to model a video on demand scenario, whereto composition policies based on an extended version of the XACML policy language have been written.
Automatic detection of calcified lesions in the descending aorta using contrast enhanced CT scans (2012)

In clinical practice, detection and quantification of calcified lesions in the coronary arteries and aorta is normally performed on non contrast enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) scans. This CT scan is generally followed by a contrast enhanced angiography (CTA) scan for better plaque visualization. We propose and evaluate a method for the detection of calcified lesions on CTA scans. Calcium lesion detection is straightforward on a CT scan, however performing the same task on a contrast enhanced angiography (CTA) scan is challenging, as the intensity of the contrast enhanced vessel lumen is very similar to that of calcium. Our method is based on semi-automatic centreline extraction and subsequent segmentation of high intensity objects to detect calcified lesions in the descending aorta. The method is evaluated on 19 datasets, and the results are compared to manual detection of calcifications on the CT scan. The proposed method has an accuracy of 82.4%, and 91% of the calcified lesions were successfully detected on the CTA scans.
Computer modelling of microelectronic closed loop fiber optic gyroscope (2003)

Computer simulation of the Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) has not been well elucidated in existing studies. In this paper, we present a comprehensive method for FOG modelling. Different parameters affecting the performance of the FOG and its stability and sensitivity are discussed and the performance of the FOG with respect to vibration and shock is analyzed. The simulation results show that: (1) both the sensitivity and the stability of the FOG are improved by increasing both the length of the fiber coil and the gain of the electronics signal processing system, (2) the modeled FOG can have immunity to vibration with resistance against shock up to 90g [N].
Length distribution of single walled carbon nanotubes determined by ac atomic force microscopy (2002)

A simple method to disperse individual single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT ) on an atomically flat substrate is presented. Proper tuning of ac modes of atomic force microscopes(AFM) is discussed. This is needed to discriminate between individual nanotubes and very small bundles. The distribution of lengths of the nanotubes measured by these methods is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Saudin. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Systems Approaches Evolve Clinical Pharmacology (2013)

CPT: Pharmacometrics &amp; Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e68; doi: 10.1038/psp.2013.48 ; advance online publication 21 August 2013
A Survey on Troll Detection (2020)

A troll is usually defined as somebody who provokes and offends people to make them angry, who wants to dominate any discussion or who tries to manipulate people’s opinions. The problems caused by such persons have increased with the diffusion of social media. Therefore, on the one hand, press bodies and magazines have begun to address the issue and to write articles about the phenomenon and its related problems while, on the other hand, universities and research centres have begun to study the features characterizing trolls and to look for solutions for their identification. This survey aims at introducing the main researches dedicated to the description of trolls and to the study and experimentation of methods for their detection.
Fast variational static IR-drop analysis on the graphical processing unit (2011)

Due to large power grid sizes, IR-drop analysis is a computationally challenging design flow step that is commonly used in integrated circuit design. Variability in silicon and circuit operating conditions makes IR-drop analysis even more challenging. We introduce a flow to take benefit of a graphical processing unit (GPU). We introduce variability for the power grid elements through Monte Carlo runs. We provide a fair speed comparison with respect to CPU implementation. We observe speed savings up to 5.7× using the GPU implementation without architecture-specific programming effort.
Comparison of physiological triggering schemes for diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging in kidneys (2010)

Respiratory-cardiac double-triggering seems advantageous for renal DWI.
Preface (2006)

In 1995, the first full genome sequence became available, ushering in the genome era. Since then, a large number of high-throughput technologies have enabled us to define the molecular parts catalogs of cellular components. Although these catalogs are still incomplete, it is now possible to reconstruct, based on this and other information, genome-scale networks of biochemical reactions that take place inside cells. This process of network reconstruction, followed by the synthesis of in silico models describing their functionalities, is the essence of systems biology.
Why is stereoacuity poor in amblyopia? Evidence from a disparity noise-masking paradigm (2020)

People with amblyopia generally have a reduced ability to use stereopsis to make depth judgements. Our understanding of this reduced ability is limited by the insensitivity of standard clinical stereo tests. These tests fail to detect residual stereo function in some amblyopic subjects. The current study employs a test designed for individuals with poor stereoacuity. The subject identifies the location of a 3D target in a random-dot display. The target is presented in stereoscopic depth using 3D shutter-glasses. We applied the equivalent noise method to determine the role of equivalent internal noise (signal to noise ratio of disparity signals) and processing efficiency (how efficiently the system processes noisy input) in amblyopic stereopsis. We tested 30 amblyopic (7 strabismic, amblyopic eye visual acuity above 20/200) and 17 control (visual acuity above 20/20) adults. Our test detected stereoacuity in 50% of amblyopic participants. Amblyopic stereoacuity thresholds (m =118 arsec) were significantly higher than those from controls (m = 57 arcsec) (t = 2.8, p < 0.05). From a linear amplifier model fit, we found higher mean equivalent internal noise in amblyopic subjects (239 arsec) compared to controls (134 arcsec) (t = 3.45, p < 0.05). The two groups did not significantly differ in the processing efficiency for the task. A multiple linear regression was performed to determine the contribution of the two factors (equivalent internal noise and efficiency) to the individual differences in amblyopic stereoacuity. The two factors accounted for 66% of the variance in stereoacuity, with differences in equivalent internal noise as the strongest predictor. This study introduced a more sensitive assessment of residual stereopsis in amblyopia and evaluated how two factors contribute to individual performance. Overall, we find that reduced amblyopic stereoability is explained by poorer input quality to the stereoscopic disparity processing mechanism.
Near‐infrared Fluorescence Spectroscopy Detects Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence spectroscopy could be used to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) by brain tissue autofluorescence. Unfixed temporal cortex specimens from AD cases and age-matched, non-AD controls were frozen at autopsy and then thawed just prior to spectral measurement. Spectra of intrinsic tissue fluorescence induced by 647 nm light were recorded from 650 to 850 nm. We used principal component analysis of the tissue spectra from 17 AD cases and 5 non-AD control cases in a calibration study to establish a diagnostic algorithm. Retrospectively applied to the calibration set, the algorithm correctly classified 23 of 24 specimens. In a prospective study of 19 specimens from 5 AD brains and 2 non-AD control brains, 3 of the 4 control specimens and all AD specimens were correctly diagnosed. Both the excitation light used and the measured brain tissue autofluorescence are at NIR wavelengths that can propagate through skull and overlying tissue. Therefore, our results demonstrate an optical spectroscopic technique that carries direct molecular level information about disease. This is the first step toward a clinical tool that has the potential to be applied to the noninvasive diagnosis of AD in living patients.