gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in combretastatin based derivatives and prodrugs as antimitotic agents (2017)

The dynamic and crucial role of tubulin in different cellular functions rendered it a promising target in anticancer drug development. Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization isolated from natural sources, is a lead molecule with significant cytotoxicity against tumour cells. Owing to its non polar nature it exhibits low solubility in natural biological fluids, thereby prompting the development of new CA-4 based derivatives. The modification of this lead molecule was mostly carried out by keeping the crucial <i>cis</i>-orientation of the double bond intact, along with a trimethoxyphenyl aromatic ring, by employing different approaches. The issue of solubility was also addressed by the development of water soluble prodrugs of CA-4. The present review highlights the investigations into the parallel development of both new CA-4 based derivatives and prodrugs in the past few years.
Dynamic bandwidth allocation for long-reach PON: overcoming performance degradation (2010)

A passive optical network, with its inherent point to multi-point structure, allows for centralized placement of active equipment and possible extension of its boundary towards core networks. This property of the PON can be exploited for node consolidation where multiple central offices are replaced by a single one covering a larger service area. Such node consolidation is being particularly driven by the need for network operational cost saving, and is offering significant challenges to PONs. The degree of node consolidation that can be achieved is limited by the reach of conventional PON systems. In order to achieve a larger degree of node consolidation, an extension of the PON reach, beyond the conventional 20 km, is required. This article addresses the challenges of the dynamic bandwidth allocation, where increased reach results in a degradation of DBA performance and quality of service support. This degradation is a consequence of the increased propagation delay of the DBA messages exchanged between different PON elements. A potential solution to the performance degradation is the introduction of a multi-threaded DBA. In this article, we examine for both Gigabit PON and Ethernet PON, the extent to which DBA performance degradation can be reduced by exploiting multi-threading. It is found that for both standards, multi-threading, if done properly, can be used to mitigate the performance degradation due to the increased reach. To make bandwidth allocation efficient, new schemes for coordinating the multiple threads are required in long reach PON.
Specification And Runtime Checking Of Timing Constraints In Safety Critical Java (2012)

The Java platform is becoming a vital tool for developing real-time and safety-critical systems. Design patterns and the availability of Java libraries, both provide solutions to many known problems. Furthermore, the object-oriented nature of Java simplifies modular development of real-time systems. However, limitations of Java as a programming language for real-time systems are a notable obstacle to producing safe real-time systems. These limitations are found in the unpredictable execution model of the language, due to Java’s garbage collector, and the lack of support for non-functional specification and verification tools. In this dissertation I introduce SafeJML, a specification language for support of functional and non-functional specifications, based on an implementation of a safety-critical Java platform and the Java Modeling Language (JML). This dissertation concentrates on techniques that enable specification and dynamic checking of timing constraints for some important Java features, including methods and subtyping. SafeJML and these dynamic checking techniques allow modular specification and checking of safety-critical systems, including those that use object-orientation and design patterns. Such coding techniques could have maintenance benefits for real-time and safety-critical software
An efficient method for preparation of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazin-2-yl alkyl ketones using a novel acetylene hydration method (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient method for preparation of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazin-2-yl alkyl ketones using a novel acetylene hydration methodMarc J. Chapdelaine, Paul J. Warwick, and Andrew ShawCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 5, 1218–1221Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00266a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00266a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Singular Point Source MOS (S-MOS) Cell Concept (2021)

A Singular Point Source MOS (S-MOS) cell concept suitable for power semiconductor MOS based &#13;\ndevices is presented. The S-MOS differs from a standard Planar or Trench MOS cell in the manner by &#13;\nwhich the total channel width per device area is determined. The S-MOS cell channel width is defined &#13;\nas the peripheral length of a line running approximately along the N++ source and P channel junction &#13;\nwhich is situated on a single gated trench side-wall. The length of the line can be established from a &#13;\nsingular point source implant for forming the N++ source region which corresponds to the shape of the &#13;\nN++/P junction. The total channel width will therefore depend on the total number of gated trench side-&#13;\nwalls per chip. Despite a relatively short channel width obtained on a single trench side-wall, narrow &#13;\nmesa dimensions between adjacent trenches will provide an adequate number of cells for adjusting the &#13;\ntotal channel width as required for a given device performance. The S-MOS can be realized by simple &#13;\nmanufacturing processes and presents an alternative approach for MOS cell layouts by decoupling &#13;\ncritical design parameters (e.g., channel width, trench dimension and NPN transistor area). This &#13;\nflexibility can lead to lower overall losses, lower gate charge levels, improved switching robustness and &#13;\ncontrollability for different MOS based devices.
Stereoelectronic Control on the Coordination of Substrates to Globin Proteins. The Role of Proximal His93 on the NO Release from Myoglobin (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStereoelectronic Control on the Coordination of Substrates to Globin Proteins. The Role of Proximal His93 on the NO Release from MyoglobinDóra K. Menyhárd and View Author Information Department of Theoretical Chemistry Eötvös Loránd University P.O. Box 32, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary Department of Chemical Information Technology Technical University of Budapest P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 31, 7991–7992Publication Date (Web):July 29, 1998Publication History Received11 August 1997Revised31 March 1998Published online29 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja972780qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja972780qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bioinorganic chemistry,Iron,Ligands,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Radio Over FSO Communication Using High Optical Alignment Robustness 2D-PDA and its Optical Path Switching Performance (2021)

We propose a 30 GHz radio over free-space optical (FSO) communication system for indoor wireless communication applications using a newly developed high-speed photodetector array (PDA) device. The new device performs the role of a photodetector with high optical alignment robustness and also acts as a 30 GHz optical-to-radio converter. Small high-speed photodetectors of 30 mm size are arranged in a 6 × 6 square-shaped alignment to achieve -4.4 dBm RF output at 30 GHz with an external amplifier. A 3-5 dB in-plane RF power distribution in the 4 × 4 PDA region was evaluated. To confirm the proposed concept, a 1 m long radio transmission over a 1.5 m long FSO transmission setup was demonstrated by switching the optical paths. We successfully confirmed a high data rate of up to 21.1 Gbps using several modulation formats under a static optical path switching condition. Additionally, stable and reproducible error vector magnitudes with a range of approximately 9% were recognized during the 10 switching cycles under a dynamic optical path switching condition.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioactivity of a New Class of Rigid Glutamate Analogues. Modulators of the N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate Receptor. (1990)

Abstract Esterification of the dibromoglutaric acid (I) with benzyl alcohol (II) gives the dibenzyl ester (IIIc).
Crystallographic studies of fusicoccin and two mercuribromide derivatives (1968)

E. Hough, M. B. Hursthouse, S. Neidle and D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1197 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001197
Faculty Opinions recommendation of S-nitrosylation of XIAP compromises neuronal survival in Parkinson's disease. (2009)

Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) are a family of highly-conserved proteins that regulate cell survival through binding to caspases, the final executioners of apoptosis. X-linked IAP (XIAP) is the most widely expressed IAP and plays an important function in regulating cell survival. XIAP contains 3 baculoviral IAP repeats (BIRs) followed by a RING finger domain at the C terminal. The BIR domains of XIAP possess anticaspase activities, whereas the RING finger domain enables XIAP to function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in the ubiquitin and proteasomal system. Our previous study showed that parkin, a protein that is important for the survival of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD), is S-nitrosylated both in vitro and in vivo in PD patients. S-nitrosylation of parkin compromises its ubiquitin E3 ligase activity and its protective function, which suggests that nitrosative stress is an important factor in regulating neuronal survival during the pathogenesis of PD. In this study we show that XIAP is S-nitrosylated in vitro and in vivo in an animal model of PD and in PD patients. Nitric oxide modifies mainly cysteine residues within the BIR domains. In contrast to parkin, S-nitrosylation of XIAP does not affect its E3 ligase activity, but instead directly compromises its anticaspase-3 and antiapoptotic function. Our results confirm that nitrosative stress contributes to PD pathogenesis through the impairment of prosurvival proteins such as parkin and XIAP through different mechanisms, indicating that abnormal S-nitrosylation plays an important role in the process of neurodegeneration. PMID: 19273858 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: NS38377 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 NS038377
MLIM: Vision-and-Language Model Pre-training with Masked Language and Image Modeling (2021)

Vision-and-Language Pre-training (VLP) improves model performance for downstream tasks that require image and text inputs. Current VLP approaches differ on (i) model architecture (especially image embedders), (ii) loss functions, and (iii) masking policies. Image embedders are either deep models like ResNet or linear projections that directly feed image-pixels into the transformer. Typically, in addition to the Masked Language Modeling (MLM) loss, alignment-based objectives are used for cross-modality interaction, and RoI feature regression and classification tasks for Masked Image-Region Modeling (MIRM). Both alignment and MIRM objectives mostly do not have ground truth. Alignment-based objectives require pairings of image and text and heuristic objective functions. MIRM relies on object detectors. Masking policies either do not take advantage of multi-modality or are strictly coupled with alignments generated by other models. In this paper, we present Masked Language and Image Modeling (MLIM) for VLP. MLIM uses two loss functions: Masked Language Modeling (MLM) loss and image reconstruction (RECON) loss. We propose Modality Aware Masking (MAM) to boost cross-modality interaction and take advantage of MLM and RECON losses that separately capture text and image reconstruction quality. Using MLM + RECON tasks coupled with MAM, we present a simplified VLP methodology and show that it has better downstream task performance on a proprietary e-commerce multi-modal dataset.
Studies of Adsorption and Aggregation of Cationic Surfactants on Silica Surfaces Using EPR (1999)

The results of EPR experiments utilizing spin-labeled hexadeceyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB*) to study adsorption of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) from aqueous solution onto silica, titanium dioxide and alumina surfaces are reported. The results are analyzed as evidence of a strong binding site that is present on silica surfaces. Preliminary results of the use of nitrosodisulfonate radical to study binding of counterions to HTAB surfactant aggregates is also reported.
Microstructure Profiles of Laser-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectra: Evaluation of Backscatter and Forward-Scatter Fiber-Optic Sensors (1993)

The implementation and characterization of backscatter and forward-scatter fiber-optic fluorescence sensors attached to a microstructure profiling instrument are described. By using an optical multichannel array detector to record emission spectra, eight profiles per hour of chlorophyll fluorescence spectra at 2-cm intervals can be obtained throughout the upper 100 m of ocean. The advantages and disadvantages realized by the deployment of the two sensors are compared with respect to the determination of in situ chlorophyll concentrations and fluorescence microstructure in the ocean. It is concluded that the forward-scatter sensor has better signal-to-noise and signal variability characteristics than does the backscatter sensor and is less susceptible to nonlinear fluorescence responses of phytoplankton due to effects such as fluorescence induction.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel, Selective, Nonsteroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonists. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A framework and an analysis of current proposals for the case-based organization and representation of procedural knowledge (1993)

Case-based refers to the class of memory-based problem solving methods which emphasize the adaptation of recalled solutions (explanations, diagnoses, plans) over the generation of solutions from first principles. CBR has become a popular methodology, resulting in a proliferation of case organization and representation proposals. The goal of this paper is to sort through some of these proposals. Using the formal models of procedure and case-based reasoning introduced in Zito-Wolf and Alterman (1992), we compare three current proposals for the organization of procedural case-bases: individual cases, microcases, and multi cases. We give a worst-case analysis that shows the advantages of the multi case in terms of case storage and retrieval costs. The model predicts that multi cases reduce case storage and retrieval costs as compared to the other two models. We then provide some empirical evidence from an implemented system that suggests that the trends observed in the formal model are also observable in case bases of practical size.
Transport at Grain Boundaries in Polymeric and Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Allograft tendons are a safe and effective option for revision ACL reconstruction: a clinical review (2018)

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction remains a challenge, especially optimising outcome for patients with a compromised knee where previous autogenous tissue has been used for reconstruction. Allograft tissue has become a recognized choice of graft for revision surgery but questions remain over the risks and benefits of such an option. Allograft tendons are a safe and effective option for revision ACL reconstruction with no higher risk of infection and equivalent failure rates compared to autografts provided that the tissue is not irradiated, or any irradiation is minimal. Best scenarios for use of allografts include revision surgery where further use of autografts could lead to high donor site morbidity, complex instability situations where additional structures may need reconstruction, and in those with clinical and radiologic signs of autologous tendon degeneration. A surgeon needs to be able to select the best option for the challenging knee facing revision ACL reconstruction, and in the light of current data, allograft tissue can be considered a suitable option to this purpose.Level of evidence IV.
Asymmetric Nugget Growth in Aluminum Resistance Spot Welding With Multi-Ring Domed Electrodes: An Experimental Study (2022)

Abstract Resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys (Al RSW) is known to be very challenging, in part due to the undesirable and hard-to-predict asymmetric growth of the weld nugget. In this paper, two 1.2 mm thick AA6022-T4 aluminum alloy sheets were joined by RSW using multi-ring domed (MRD) electrodes to experimentally investigate the effect of sheet surface condition, electrode surface morphology, electrode material, weld schedule, and electrode tip condition on asymmetric nugget growth, as well as the resulting weld microstructure and coach peel strength. It was found that asymmetric nugget growth was most strongly influenced by sheet surface conditions and electrode materials at the positive polarity electrode side. The asymmetric nuggets exhibited a smaller nugget angle in relation to the faying surface and a wider partially melted zone (PMZ) in the sheet adjacent to the negative electrode which reduced weld mechanical strength and toughness. In addition, the asymmetric nugget growth also caused asymmetric electrode/workpiece interaction.
Hybrid bidentate ligand for functional recognition: an application to regioselective CC double bond hydrogenation (2006)

Regioselectivity increases in C=C double bond hydrogenation could be obtained for Lewis basic substrates on a Lewis acidic support by using a rhodium complex supported on a mesoporous solid.
High-throughput subcellular protein localization using cell arrays (2005)

Accomplishment of the human and mouse genome projects resulted in accumulation of extensive gene sequence information. However, the information about the biological functions of the identified genes remains a bottleneck of the post-genomic era. Hence, assays providing simple functional information, such as localization of the protein within the cell, can be very helpful in the elucidation of its function. Transfected cell arrays offer a robust platform for protein localization studies. Open reading frames of unknown genes can be linked to a His6-tag or GFP (green fluorescent protein) reporter in expression vectors and subsequently transfected using the cell array. Cellular localization of the transfected proteins is detected either by specific anti-His-tag antibodies or directly by fluorescence of the GFP fusion protein and by counterstaining with organelle-specific dyes. The high throughput of the method in terms of information provided for every single experiment makes this approach superior to classical immunohistological methods for protein localization.
BLAST: Correlations in the Cosmic Submillimeter Background Reveal Clustering at 250, 350 and 500 μ. Implications for observations with Herschel and Planck (2010)

We detect correlations in the cosmic far-infrared background due to the clustering of star-forming galaxies in observations made with the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope, BLAST, at 250, 350, and 500 microns. We discuss the significance of this detection, and implications of this measurement for future planned surveys with Herschel and Planck.
Internet‐based robotic laser scissors and tweezers microscopy (2005)

We have engineered a robotic laser ablation and tweezers microscope that can be operated via the internet using most internet accessible devices, including laptops, desktop computers, and personal data assistants (PDAs). The system affords individual investigators the ability to conduct micromanipulation experiments (cell surgery or trapping) from remote locations (i.e., between the US and Australia). This system greatly expands the availability of complex and expensive research technologies via investigator-networking over the internet. It serves as a model for other "internet-friendly" technologies leading to large scale networking and data-sharing between investigators, groups, and institutions on a global scale. The system offers three unique features: (1) the freedom to operate the system from any internet-capable computer, (2) the ability to image, ablate, and/or trap cells and their organelles by "remote-control," and (3) the security and convenience of controlling the system in the laboratory on the user's own personal computer and not on the host machine. Four "proof of principle" experiments were conducted: (1) precise control of microscope movement and live cell visualization, (2) subcellular microsurgery on the microtubule organizing center of live cells viewed under phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, (3) precise targeting of multiple sites within single red blood cells, and (4) optical trapping of 10 microm diameter polystyrene microspheres.