gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 45 nm Attenuated Phase Shift Mask Lithography with a Hyper Numerical Aperture ArF Tool (2006)

In the 45 nm half pitch node, a mask induced polarization effect appears. Because of this effect, intensity of diffracted light depends on a pattern size and a diffraction order. This is pronounced in an attenuated phase shift mask (attPSM). A mask topography effect has to be considered for rigorous simulation. A small window attributable to diffraction efficiency is generated, because of an insufficient ratio of 1st order and 0th order diffracted light from the attPSM. Two approaches to produce a sufficient ratio, namely, a low transmittance layer attPSM and a biased pattern attPSM, were investigated by simulation. A mask bias of more than 10 nm on both sides is required to generate an optimal diffraction efficiency ratio for the 0th and 1st orders. The low transmittance (around 1%) attPSM had higher contrast at 45 nm half pitch in the resist image than the biased attPSM. It was also shown that a phase difference between diffraction orders caused lower contrast imaging.
Abstract 6268: Use of the anti-viral drug ribavirin as a radiosensitizing agent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2020)

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell carcinoma with a propensity for metastasis, leading many patients to fail available treatments and/or present with advanced-stage disease. There is currently a scarcity of targeted therapies for NPC, despite working knowledge of several proteins with key roles in NPC cancer biology. These include EZH2, Snail, eIF4E, and IMPDH, which are all overexpressed in NPC and correlated with poor patient prognosis. These proteins are known to be targeted by ribavirin, a well-characterized anti-viral drug that has recently been repurposed as an anti-cancer agent in several solid and hematologic malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the potential of ribavirin as a targeted therapy and radiosensitizing agent in five human NPC cell lines. We show in vitro, using cellular growth assays, flow cytometry, BrdU cell proliferation assays, scratch wound assays, and invasion assays, that ribavirin decreases NPC cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion and promotes cell cycle arrest and cell death. Modulation of EZH2, Snail, eIF4E, IMPDH, and mTOR were observed in western blots and enzymatic activity assays in response to ribavirin treatment. In vivo, monotherapy with ribavirin reduced flank tumor growth in multiple NPC xenograft models. Given that radiation therapy is a mainstay of NPC treatment, we next investigated the effects of combining ribavirin with radiation. Using clonogenic assays and flow cytometry, we demonstrate that ribavirin enhanced the cytotoxic effects of radiation on NPC cells in vitro. Most importantly, using a flank tumor xenograft model, we show that pre-treatment with ribavirin potentiated the effects of radiation therapy in vivo. Our work suggests that NPC responds to ribavirin-mediated EZH2, Snail, eIF4E, IMPDH, and mTOR modulation and positions ribavirin for clinical evaluation as a targeted therapy and radiosensitizing agent in this cancer. Citation Format: Sakibul Huq, Joshua Casaos, Riccardo Serra, Michael Peters, Yuanxuan Xia, Andy Ding, Jeffrey Ehresman, Jayanidhi Kedda, Manuel Morales, Noah Gorelick, Tianna Zhao, Wataru Ishida, Alexander Perdomo-Pantoja, Arba Cecia, Chenchen Ji, Ian Suk, David Sidransky, Mariana Brait, Henry Brem, Nicolas Skuli, Betty Tyler. Use of the anti-viral drug ribavirin as a radiosensitizing agent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6268.
Toward autonomic web services trust and selection (2004)

Emerging Web services standards enable the development of large-scale applications in open environments. In particular, they enable services to be dynamically bound. However, current techniques fail to address the critical problem of selecting the right service instances. Service selection should be determined based on user preferences and business policies, and consider the trustworthiness of service instances.
A GENERAL CHROMATOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS OBTAINED FROM URINE (1959)

Aromatic compounds contained in both normal and schizophrenic urines have been extracted by several methods and the resultant extracts examined by two-dimensional paper chromatography with a variety of spray reagents. A comprehensive map plus tables summarize the data obtained on over 200 "aromatic" spots found in various urine extracts. Data are given on fractionation of the extracts. To allow comparison of one extract with another, an attempt was made to maintain quantitative control of the extraction, fractionation, and chromatographic procedures.
Improvements to the Dynamic Range of Velocity Measurements Using DPIV (2006)

The accurate measurement of velocity fields containing large dynamic ranges is important because many problems of interest feature regions of both very high and low velocity. Examples include mixing tanks, jets injected into quiescent chambers, and stagnation regions behind bodies in high speed flow. However, accurate calculation of the velocity is currently limited to displacements greater than the total error of the scheme used (typically in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 pixels) and less than one-quarter of the window size. To counteract this difficulty, two new methods for improving the dynamic range of DPIV calculations have been developed. The first can be used with any double-pulsed time-resolved DPIV system where closely spaced frame pairs are captured at kilohertz rates. Displacement measurements can be made both within each frame pair (resolving high velocity regions), and between successive pairs (resolving low velocity regions). The two displacement fields are then reconciled, resulting in a single flow field measurement. The second method uses multiple laser pulses per camera exposure. Four laser pulses are required per measurement (two per camera frame), however, unlike the first method, kilohertz repetitions rates are not required. By carefully selecting the intervals between pulses, it is possible to associate the each cross-correlation peak with the correct delay time, and thereby simultaneously obtain velocity measurements over a much wider dynamic range. These two methods have been applied to synthetic and experimental data and their performance has been characterized through error analysis. Results indicate that both methods can increase the dynamic range by one to two orders of magnitude as compared to traditional techniques, while retaining similar total error and spatial resolution characteristics.
Real-Time Dynamics of an Extravascular Magnetic Resonance Contrast Medium in Acutely Infarcted Myocardium Using Inversion Recovery and Gradient-Recalled Echo-Planar Imaging (1992)

Regions of acute myocardial infarction can be detected as negatively enhanced "cold spots" or positively enhanced "hot spots" by studying the first-pass dynamics of Gd-BOPTA/Dimeg through hearts with regional ischemia by use of single shot EPI.
Large Molecular Hyperpolarizabilities. Quantitative Analysis of Aromaticity and Auxiliary Donor−Acceptor Effects (1997)

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of donor−acceptor π-electron chromophores having conjugated bridges varying in aromaticity and electron excessivity are investigated using the INDO/1 semiempirical Hamiltonian. NLO response properties of such chromophores are more sensitive to the electron excessivity of the bridges than to bridge aromaticity. Electron-excessive/deficient heterocyclic bridges have lesser/greater tendency to deplete the electron density from the donor/acceptor groups and thus increase their donor/acceptor ability. Thus, electron-excessive heterocyclic bridges act as auxiliary donors while electron-deficient heterocyclic bridges act as auxiliary acceptors, significantly enhancing NLO response. Interposing charged five-membered auxiliary donor and acceptor fragments between strong donor or acceptor groups results in large computed second-order NLO response.
DNA-Controlled Encapsulation of Small Molecules in Protein Nanoparticles (2020)

A nanoparticle can hold multiple types of therapeutic and imaging agents for disease treatment and diagnosis. However, controlling the storage of molecules in nanoparticles is challenging, because nonspecific intermolecular interactions are used for encapsulation. Here, we used specific DNA interactions to store molecules in nanoparticles. We made nanoparticles containing DNA anchors to capture DNA-conjugated small molecules. By changing the sequences and stoichiometry of DNA anchors, we can control the amount and ratio of molecules with different chemical properties in the nanoparticles. We modified the cytotoxicity of our nanoparticles to cancer cells by changing the ratio of encapsulated drugs (mertansine and doxorubicin). Specifically controlling the storage of multiple types of molecules allows us to optimize the properties of combination drug and imaging nanoparticles.
Ultra-high performance photoluminescent polarizers based on melt-processed polymer blends (1999)

Photoluminescent polarizers that comprise uniaxially oriented photoluminescent species which absorb and emit light in highly linearly polarized fashion, can efficiently combine the polarization of light and the generation of bright colors. We here report the preparation and characterization of such polarizers by simple melt-processing and solid-state deformation of blends of a photoluminescent guest and a thermoplastic matrix polymer. The orientation behavior of a poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenyleneethynylene) derivative (EHO-OPPE), 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene, and 1,4-bis(4-dodecyloxyphenylethynyl)benzene was systematically compared in different polyethylene grades. Experiments suggest that if phase-separation between the photoluminescent guest and the matrix polymer is reduced during the preparation of the pristine (i.e. unstretched) blend films, photoluminescent polarizers can be produced which exhibit unusually high dichroic properties at minimal draw ratios. In connection with this finding, an optimized, melt-processed blend based on 1,4-bis(4-dodecyloxyphenylethynyl)benzene and linear low-density polyethylene was developed that allows efficient manufacturing of photoluminescent polarizers which at draw ratios of only 10 exhibit dichroic ratios exceeding 50.
Determination of constant Hue Loci for a CRT gamut and their predictions using color appearance spaces (1995)

Abstract A colorimetrically characterized computer‐controlled CRT display was used to determine 24 loci of constant perceived hue for pseudo‐object related stimuli, sampling the display's interior color gamut at constant lightness and the edge of its gamut at variable lightness. Nine observers performed three replications generating matching data at 132 positions. the constant hue loci were used to evaluate the correlation between perceived hue and hue angle of CIELAB, CIELUV, Hunt, and Nayatani color appearance spaces. the CIELAB, CIELUV, and Hunt spaces exhibited large errors in the region of the blue CRT primary, while the Nayatani and CIELUV spaces produced large errors in the region of the red primary for constant lightness stimuli. Along the edge of the CRT's color gamut (variable lightness stimuli), all the spaces had a similar trend, large errors in the cyan region. the differences in performance between the four spaces were not statistically significant for the constant lightness stimuli. For the variable lightness stimuli, CIELAB and CIELUV had statistically superior performance in comparison with the Nayatani space and equal performance in comparison with the Hunt space. It was concluded that for imaging applications, a new color appearance space needs to be developed that will produce small hue error artifacts when used for gamut mapping along loci of constant hue angle. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Rational Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent Pharmacological Chaperones for Treatment of N370S Mutant Gaucher Disease (2009)

Highly potent N-substituted delta-lactams have been rationally designed and synthesized by a concise route with a one-pot tandem reaction as key step. These iminosugars show weak inhibition of wild-type beta-glucocerebrosidase but 3- to 6-fold increases in mutant enzyme activity (N370S).
A Tapered CRLH Interdigital/Stub Leaky-Wave Antenna With Minimized Sidelobe Levels (2012)

A nonuniform (NU) tapered composite right/left-handed (CRLH) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with minimized sidelobe level (SLL) is proposed. The design of this antenna is performed using an automated cosimulation approach based on a genetic algorithm optimization. Fair agreement is found between the full-wave and the experimental results. The experimental results show an 8-dB SLL reduction compared to a uniform CRLH LWA with the same gain in a 12-unit-cell structure.
Supplemental Figures 1 to 14 from Bayesian Network Inference Modeling Identifies TRIB1 as a Novel Regulator of Cell-Cycle Progression and Survival in Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legend Figure S1: Schematic of the experimental framework Legend Figure S2: Predicted phenotypic value and assessment of predictive power of the model. Legend Figure S3: Taget knock-down. Legend Figure S4: Treatment with individual siRNAs against TRIB1 leads to G1-S arrest. Legend Figure S5: RNA levels of cell cycle genes. Legend Figure S6: TRIB1 knockdown results in inhibition of NFκB-responsive promoter activity: comparison of individual siRNA duplexes. Legend Figure S7: TRIB1 resistant to siRNA (TRIB1-siR) rescues the phenotype induced by TRIB1-siRNA. Legend Figure S8: Downregulation of NFkB target genes after treatment with TRIB1 siRNA. Legend Figure S9: TRIB1 knock down leads to inhibition of NFκB pathway. Legend Figure S10: TRIB1 siRNA promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through activation of caspase-8 cleavage. Legend Figure S11: TRIB1 knockdown results in decrease of YY1gene expression. Legend Figure S12: Kaplan-Meier plots Legend Figure S13: Hazard Ratios for BCCS distribution. Legend Figure S14: Hazard Ratios for OS distribution.&lt;/p&gt;
Novel bacteriological assay for detection of potential antiviral agents (1990)

A prototype assay for the initial screening of potential antiviral agents that uses bacterial growth on selective media is described. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease recognition sequence was inserted into the tetracycline resistance (Tet) protein encoded by plasmid pBR322 of Escherichia coli. Expression of both the HIV protease and the modified Tet protein prevented growth in the presence of tetracycline. However, inhibition of the HIV protease restored tetracycline resistance. Thus, potential HIV protease inhibitors can be identified by their ability to confer tetracycline resistance to this bacterial strain. The assay is simple, rapid, and inexpensive, and this concept can be applied to the search for inhibitors of other viral proteases.
Automated Vehicle Detection in a Nuclear Facility Using Low-Frequency Acoustic Sensors (2020)

This article presents an analysis of the method of construction and results for a classifier intended to identify vehicles using low-frequency acoustic data collected by a distributed sensor network. This data is collected as part of a venture intended to explore data analytics and multisensor fusion techniques for the monitoring of activities at a test bed nuclear facility located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. We describe the associated target signature and design a classifier based on a multilayer perceptron, followed by an analysis of its results. We discuss how overall accuracy is not the only consideration in constructing this classifier, and how for this application, it is actually desirable to operate at a lower level of accuracy in exchange for a reduction in the false alarm rate, as well as how this relates to the actual deployment of the classifier in practical use.
Bidirectional ROADM using a 3×N AWG (2007)

A novel bidirectional optical add-drop multiplexer using AWG is proposed for the optical transport networks. By use of circulators in the coupled fold-back paths between the demultiplexed channels, we improved the loss margin and the crosstalk performances. Also the experimental results are discussed for its application to wavelength-division-multiplexed transmission.
Rapid identification of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomalleiby intact cell Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation mass spectrometric typing (2012)

Handling of pathogens under BSL 3 conditions is dangerous and cumbersome but can be minimized by inactivation of bacteria with ethanol, subsequent protein extraction under BSL 1 conditions and MALDI-TOF MS analysis being faster than nucleic amplification methods. Our spectra demonstrated a higher homogeneity in B. mallei than in B. pseudomallei isolates. As expected for closely related species, the identification process with MALDI Biotyper software (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) requires the careful selection of spectra from reference strains. When a dedicated reference set is used and spectra of high quality are acquired, it is possible to distinguish both species unambiguously. The need for a careful curation of reference spectra databases is stressed.
Corequirement of Specific Phosphoinositides and Small GTP-binding Protein Cdc42 in Inducing Actin Assembly in Xenopus Egg Extracts (1998)

Both phosphoinositides and small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family have been postulated to regulate actin assembly in cells. We have reconstituted actin assembly in response to these signals in Xenopus extracts and examined the relationship of these pathways. We have found that GTPgammaS stimulates actin assembly in the presence of endogenous membrane vesicles in low speed extracts. These membrane vesicles are required, but can be replaced by lipid vesicles prepared from purified phospholipids containing phosphoinositides. Vesicles containing phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate or phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) trisphosphate can induce actin assembly even in the absence of GTPgammaS. RhoGDI, a guanine-nucleotide dissociation inhibitor for the Rho family, inhibits phosphoinositide-induced actin assembly, suggesting the involvement of the Rho family small G proteins. Using various dominant mutants of these G proteins, we demonstrate the requirement of Cdc42 for phosphoinositide-induced actin assembly. Our results suggest that phosphoinositides may act to facilitate GTP exchange on Cdc42, as well as to anchor Cdc42 and actin nucleation activities. Hence, both phosphoinositides and Cdc42 are required to induce actin assembly in this cell-free system.
Nonlinear Modeling and Control of a Dual-Stage Hybrid Ride-by-Wire Throttle Body for a Sport Motorbike (2009)

This paper addresses the dynamics identification and servo-controller design for a dual-stage electronic throttle body (ETB) designed for ride-by-wire applications in racing motorcycles. The dynamics of the system is identified and a model of the friction—which is the main nonlinear phenomenon affecting the control of the mechanism—is identified from experimental data. The identified model is used to design a controller composed of a linear part and a nonlinear friction compensator. Experimental tests are employed to validate the controller design and comparison with a linear controller is carried out in order to quantify the advantages brought by the friction compensation.
Construction of a high-resolution genetic linkage map and comparative genome analysis for the reef-building coral Acropora millepora (2009)

Our study develops a framework that will be essential for future studies of adaptation in coral and it also provides an important resource for future genome sequence assembly and for comparative genomics studies on the evolution of metazoan genome structure.
Solid-state devices for single-photon generation (2008)

General requirements for single-photon devices in various applications are presented and compared with experimental progress to date. The quantum information applications that currently appear the most promising require a matter qubit-enabled single-photon source, where the emitted photon state is linked to the state of a long-lived quantum system such as an electron spin. The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is a promising solid-state system for realizing such a device due to its long-lived electron spin coherence, optical addressability, and ability to couple to a manageable number of nuclear spins. This system is discussed in detail, and experimental results from our laboratory are shown. A critical component of such a device is an optical microcavity to enhance the coupling between the nitrogen-vacancy center and a single photon, and we discuss theoretically the requirements for achieving this enhancement.
Analyse unterschiedlicher Modellierungsvarianten des &quot;Direct Power Injection&quot; Verfahrens für die EMV Charakterisierung integrierter Schaltungen (2009)

Abstract. Dieser Beitrag analysiert zwei Ansätze zur Modellierung eines Teststandes zur Charakterisierung von integrierten Schaltungen mittels Direct Power Injection (DPI) auf einem Wafer. Die erste Variante ist zur Analyse bereits vorliegender integrierter Schaltungen nutzbar. Sie benötigt gemessene S-Parameterdaten, mit denen die an einem realen Messobjekt anliegenden Störspannungen frequenzabhängig bestimmt werden können. Die zweite Variante ist bereits anwendbar, bevor Silizium gefertigt worden ist. Sie modelliert einen Netzwerkanalysatorkanal der aus einer Signalquelle, einem Leistungsmesser und einem Verstärker mit nachgeschaltetem Richtkoppler und Entkoppelnetzwerken besteht. Zunächst werden die oben genannten verschiedenen Varianten der DPI-Streckenmodellierung dargestellt. Sie werden miteinander und anhand von Messdaten einer einfachen Teststruktur verglichen. Die Teststruktur besteht aus einem MOS-Transistor mit Arbeitswiderstand. Der Beitrag diskutiert Vor- und Nachteile der Varianten einschließlich Modellierungsaufwand und Simulationsgeschwindigkeit.
Semi-Supervised Learning in Video Sequences for Urban Scene Segmentation (2020)

Supervised learning in large discriminative models is a mainstay for modern computer vision. Such an approach necessitates investing in large-scale human-annotated datasets for achieving state-of-the-art results. In turn, the efficacy of supervised learning may be limited by the size of the human annotated dataset. This limitation is particularly notable for image segmentation tasks, where the expense of human annotation is especially large, yet large amounts of unlabeled data may exist. In this work, we ask if we may leverage semi-supervised learning in unlabeled video sequences and extra images to improve the performance on urban scene segmentation, simultaneously tackling semantic, instance, and panoptic segmentation. The goal of this work is to avoid the construction of sophisticated, learned architectures specific to label propagation (e.g., patch matching and optical flow). Instead, we simply predict pseudo-labels for the unlabeled data and train subsequent models with both human-annotated and pseudo-labeled data. The procedure is iterated for several times. As a result, our Naive-Student model, trained with such simple yet effective iterative semi-supervised learning, attains state-of-the-art results at all three Cityscapes benchmarks, reaching the performance of 67.8% PQ, 42.6% AP, and 85.2% mIOU on the test set. We view this work as a notable step towards building a simple procedure to harness unlabeled video sequences and extra images to surpass state-of-the-art performance on core computer vision tasks.