gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of resistive- and superconducting-joints in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O tape (2001)

We evaluated the electrical properties of BSCCO jointed tapes processed by both resistive- and superconducting-joint methods. For resistive-joints, filler materials of wood's metal, Pb-Sn, In and silver paste were used, whereas, for superconducting-joints, the lap joint method was used. In the resistive-joint tape, critical transport property, n-value, and contact resistance were observed to be in the range of 10% to 77%, 1.0 to 8.9, and 0.71/spl times/10/sup -6/ to 0.13/spl times/10/sup -6/ /spl Omega/, respectively, depending on the filler materials used. The electrical properties of resistive-joint tape seemed to be significantly related to the resistivity of the filler materials. On the other hand, the critical transport property of superconducting-joint tape varied from 55% to 85% with uniaxial pressure. The contact resistance for the superconducting-joint tape was obtained to be 1.74/spl times/10/sup -12/ /spl Omega/ by measuring field decay from the closed superconducting loop. Higher critical transport property and lower contact resistance for the superconducting-jointed tapes seemed to be a result of the direct connection between superconducting cores.
Deducing Queueing from Transactional Data: The Queue Inference Engine, Revisited (1992)

R. Larson proposed a method to statistically infer the expected transient queue length during a busy period in O(n 5 ) solely from the n starting and stopping times of each customer's service during the busy period and assuming the arrival distribution is Poisson. We develop a new O(n 3 ) algorithm which uses these data to deduce transient queue lengths as well as the waiting times of each customer in the busy period. We also develop an O(n) on-line algorithm to dynamically update the current estimates for queue lengths after each departure. Moreover, we generalize our algorithms for the case of a time-varying Poisson process and also for the case of i.i.d. interarrival times with an arbitrary distribution. We report computational results that exhibit the speed and accuracy of our algorithms.
Use of the Y−Ӯ diagram in GRIN rod design (1988)

The Y-? diagram of Delano is applied to the design of gradient-index rods and is used to explain GRIN rod vignetting. Several detailed design examples are given which show how to use the diagram for GRIN rods. The Y-? diagram is a particularly useful tool to explore potential solutions involving diameter constraints and equips one with a rapid nonalgebraic investigation method.
High Energy Density Processing of a Free Form Nickel–Alumina Nanocomposite (2006)

The development of a free form bulk Nickel reinforced Alumina matrix nano composites using Air Plasma Spray and laser processing has been presented. The process consumes less time and requires further minimal machining and therefore is cost effective. The relative differences in using APS over laser processing in development of bulk metal-ceramic nanocomposites have been discussed. The process intricacies involved during processing such as material specific mandrel selection, plasma-particle interaction are highlighted. Electroless coating has been used to uniformly disperse Nickel in alumina matrix as a source material. The electroless Ni coated alumina particles are subjected to both laser processing and Air Plasma Spraying with optimized parameters. Consolidation by laser processing could not be achieved as the laser beam was reflective to Nickel. On the other hand, APS Ni–alumina nanocomposite with a cylindrical shape of 1.2″ OD × 1″ ID × 1.5″ length has been fabricated with minimum or no surface defects. HRTEM pictures revealed the nanostructure retention thereby corroborating the fact that bulk nanostructures can be made using Air Plasma Spray. XRD analysis confirmed the phase transformation from alpha alumina to gamma alumina and oxidation of Ni to NiO. Subsequent reduction of NiO to metallic nickel using hydrogen atmosphere has also been demonstrated. Mechanical properties such as, hardness (1025 HV) and fracture toughness (5 MPa m 1/2 ) for the nanocomposite are presented herein.
Sarcoidosis and Interleukin-2 Receptors (1988)

"Sarcoidosis and Interleukin-2 Receptors." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 137(4), pp. 757–758
A tunable waveguide-coupled cavity design for scalable interfaces to solid-state quantum emitters (2017)

Photonic nanocavities in diamond have emerged as useful structures for interfacing photons and embedded atomic color centers, such as the nitrogen vacancy center. Here, we present a hybrid nanocavity design that enables (i) a loaded quality factor exceeding 50 000 (unloaded Q>106) with 75% of the enhanced emission collected into an underlying waveguide circuit, (ii) MEMS-based cavity spectral tuning without straining the diamond, and (iii) the use of a diamond waveguide with straight sidewalls to minimize surface defects and charge traps. This system addresses the need for scalable on-chip photonic interfaces to solid-state quantum emitters.
Synthesis and properties of polyamides derived from 1, 4‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)‐2‐tert‐butylbenzene (1997)

Abstract 1, 4‐Bis(4‐aminophenoxy)‐2‐ tert ‐butylbenzene was synthesized and used as a monomer to prepare a series of polyamides by the direct polycondensation with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. All the polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities of 0.75–1.75 dL g −1 . All the polyamides showed amorphous nature and most of them were soluble in polar solvents. Polyamides derived from 4, 4'‐sulfonyldibenzoic acid and 4, 4'‐hexafluoroisopropylidenedibenzoic acid were even soluble in common organic solvent such as THF. All polyamide films could be obtained by casting from their DMAc or NMP solutions. The polyamide films had a tensile strength range of 35–84 MPa, an elongation range at break of 3–7%, and a tensile modulus range of 1.2–2.5 GPa. These polyamides had glass transition temperatures between 203–268°C and 10% mass loss temperatures were recorded in the range of 456–472°C in nitrogen and 453–470°C in air atmosphere.
Quantum Dot Lasers: 1.3 µm Quantum Dot‐Distributed Feedback Lasers Directly Grown on (001) Si (Laser Photonics Rev. 14(7)/2020) (2020)

In article number 2000037, Yating Wan, Justin C. Norman, Yeyu Tong, and co-workers develop a simple, high-yield process for fabricating QD-based single frequency lasers. The four big changes from the approach taken today are: 1) growth on Si, 2) feasibility to be implemented at 300 mm wafer scale, 3) system demonstration without optical isolators and 4) a path to PICs for high-volume, low-cost Terabit transmitters that should revolutionize the datacom market.
GAIT AND QUALITY OF LIFE METRICS STRONGLY FAVOUR RESURFACING OVER REPLACEMENT (2016)

Any arthroplasty that offers superior function needs to be assessed using metrics that are capable of detecting those functions. The Oxford Hip Score (OHS), the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and WOMAC are patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) with well documented ceiling effects: following hip arthroplasty, many patients are clustered close to full marks following surgery. Two recent well conducted randomised clinical trials made exactly this error, by using OHS and WOMAC to detect a differences in outcome between hip resurfacing and hip arthroplasty despite published data already showing in single arm studies that these two procedures score close to full marks using either of these PROMS. We have already reported that patients with hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) were able to walk faster and with more normal stride length than patients with well performing hip replacements. In an attempt to relate this functional superiority to an outcome measure that does not rely upon the use of expensive machinery, we developed a patient centred outcome measure (PCOM) based upon a method developed by Philip Noble9s group, and the University of Arizona9s Metabolic Equivalent of Task Index (MET). This PCOM allows patients to select the functions that matter to them personally against which the success of their own operation will be measured, with greater sensitivity to intensity than is achieved by the UCLA. Our null hypothesis was that this PCOM would be no more successful than the PROMs in routine use in discriminating between types of hip arthroplasty, and that there would be no difference in gait between patients following these procedures. From our database of over 800 patients whose gait has been assessed in the lab, we identified 22 patients with a well performing conventional THAs, and matched them for age, sex, BMI, height, preop diagnosis with 22 patients with a well performing conventional THA. Both were compared with healthy controls using the novel PCOM and in a gait lab. Results PROMs for the two groups were almost identical, while HRA scored higher in the PCOM. The 9% difference was significant (p Discussion Function following hip replacement is very good, with high satisfaction rates, but the use of a PCOM, and objective measures of function reveal substantial inferiority of THA over THR in two well matched groups. This 9% difference is well over the 5% difference that is considered ‘clinically relevant’. When coupled with the very strong data regarding life expectancy and infection, this functional data makes a compelling case for the use of resurfacing in active adults.
Pretransitional Orientational Ordering of a Calamitic Liquid Crystal by Helical Nanofilaments of a Bent-Core Mesogen (2010)

Mixtures of 8CB (a calamitic mesogen) and NOBOW (P-9-O-PIMB, a bent-core mesogen) have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and freeze fracture transmission electron microscopy. On cooling the isotropic mixture, the NOBOW component phase separates, forming a dilute, random network of helical nanofilaments in the B4 phase with isotropic 8CB material filling the interstitial volume. At lower temperature, but still far above the bulk isotropic-nematic transition of pure 8CB, a significant fraction of the 8CB becomes prealigned on the filament surfaces. We propose that this pretransitional ordering is induced by short-range interactions of the polar 8CB molecules with the NOBOW filaments, leading to the formation of an adsorbed film of orientationally frozen 8CB around each filament.
Agent-Based Model Forecasts Aging of the Population of People Who Inject Drugs in Metropolitan Chicago and Changing Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infections (2015)

People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for blood-borne pathogens transmitted during the sharing of contaminated injection equipment, particularly hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV prevalence is influenced by a complex interplay of drug-use behaviors, social networks, and geography, as well as the availability of interventions, such as needle exchange programs. To adequately address this complexity in HCV epidemic forecasting, we have developed a computational model, the Agent-based Pathogen Kinetics model (APK). APK simulates the PWID population in metropolitan Chicago, including the social interactions that result in HCV infection. We used multiple empirical data sources on Chicago PWID to build a spatial distribution of an in silico PWID population and modeled networks among the PWID by considering the geography of the city and its suburbs. APK was validated against 2012 empirical data (the latest available) and shown to agree with network and epidemiological surveys to within 1%. For the period 2010-2020, APK forecasts a decline in HCV prevalence of 0.8% per year from 44(± 2)% to 36(± 5)%, although some sub-populations would continue to have relatively high prevalence, including Non-Hispanic Blacks, 48(± 5)%. The rate of decline will be lowest in Non-Hispanic Whites and we find, in a reversal of historical trends, that incidence among non-Hispanic Whites would exceed incidence among Non-Hispanic Blacks (0.66 per 100 per years vs 0.17 per 100 person years). APK also forecasts an increase in PWID mean age from 35(± 1) to 40(± 2) with a corresponding increase from 59(± 2)% to 80(± 6)% in the proportion of the population >30 years old. Our studies highlight the importance of analyzing subpopulations in disease predictions, the utility of computer simulation for analyzing demographic and health trends among PWID and serve as a tool for guiding intervention and prevention strategies in Chicago, and other major cities.
ICAM3-Fc Outperforms Receptor-Specific Antibodies Targeted Nanoparticles to Dendritic Cells for Cross-Presentation (2019)

Abstract Optimal targeting of nanoparticles (NP) to dendritic cells (DCs) receptors to deliver cancer-specific antigens is key to an efficient induction of anti-tumor immune responses. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing t&amp;egrave;tanus toxoid and gp100 melanoma-associated antigen, toll-like receptor adjuvants were targeted to the DC-SIGN receptor in DCs by specific humanized antibodies or by ICAM3-Fc fusion proteins mimicking natural ligand. Despite higher binding and uptake efficacy of anti-DC-SIGN antibody-targeted NP vaccines than ICAM3-Fc ligand, no difference were observed in DC activation markers CD80, CD83, CD86 and CCR7 induced. DCs loaded with NP coated with ICAM3-Fc appeared more potent in activating T cells via cross-presentation than antibody-coated NP vaccines. This fact could be very crucial in the design of new cancer vaccines.
Functional genomics of the dopaminergic system in hypertension (2004)

Abnormalities in dopamine production and receptor function have been described in human essential hypertension and rodent models of genetic hypertension. Under normal conditions, D(1)-like receptors (D(1) and D(5)) inhibit sodium transport in the kidney and intestine. However, in the Dahl salt-sensitive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and in humans with essential hypertension, the D(1)-like receptor-mediated inhibition of epithelial sodium transport is impaired because of an uncoupling of the D(1)-like receptor from its G protein/effector complex. The uncoupling is receptor specific, organ selective, nephron-segment specific, precedes the onset of hypertension, and cosegregates with the hypertensive phenotype. The defective transduction of the renal dopaminergic signal is caused by activating variants of G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4: R65L, A142V, A486V). The GRK4 locus is linked to and GRK4 gene variants are associated with human essential hypertension, especially in salt-sensitive hypertensive subjects. Indeed, the presence of three or more GRK4 variants impairs the natriuretic response to dopaminergic stimulation in humans. In genetically hypertensive rats, renal inhibition of GRK4 expression ameliorates the hypertension. In mice, overexpression of GRK4 variants causes hypertension either with or without salt sensitivity according to the variant. GRK4 gene variants, by preventing the natriuretic function of the dopaminergic system and by allowing the antinatriuretic factors (e.g., angiotensin II type 1 receptor) to predominate, may be responsible for salt sensitivity. Subclasses of hypertension may occur because of additional perturbations caused by variants of other genes, the quantitative interaction of which may vary depending upon the genetic background.
Endogenous avian retroviruses contain deficient promoter and leader sequences. (1983)

A sensitive and quantitative biological assay has been utilized to measure the ability of the exogenous and endogenous avian retroviral long terminal repeats (LTR) to promote gene expression in avian cells. This assay has revealed that the exogenous virus RAV-2 LTR is approximately equal to 10-fold more active than the LTRs of endogenous viruses RAV-0, ev-1, and ev-2. The endogenous viral LTRs show approximately equal activity. Upstream flanking cellular or viral sequences have no significant modulating effect on gene expression in our assay. Unexpectedly, we have detected and localized an additional defect outside of the LTR in the 5' noncoding leader sequence of ev-1 that further decreases gene expression relative to RAV-0 by approximately equal to 10-fold.
Palladium composite membranes by electroless plating technique (1999)

Thin supported palladium membranes were prepared using electroless plating technique. The intrinsic plating kinetics were determined for hydrazine-based palladium plating baths. Mathematical models were developed to predict film thickness and plating rate as a function of plating parameters (i.e., reactant concentrations, temperature and time). Analyses of film surface microstructure indicate that grain structure is dependent on both plating chemistry and plating rate. The evolution of film morphology during electroless plating was also investigated. Hydrogen permeation study demonstrated that film structure has a significant influence on the permeation performance of the palladium membrane.
Gene 5.5 protein of bacteriophage T7 in complex with Escherichia coli nucleoid protein H-NS and transfer RNA masks transfer RNA priming in T7 DNA replication (2012)

DNA primases provide oligoribonucleotides for DNA polymerase to initiate lagging strand synthesis. A deficiency in the primase of bacteriophage T7 to synthesize primers can be overcome by genetic alterations that decrease the expression of T7 gene 5.5, suggesting an alternative mechanism to prime DNA synthesis. The product of gene 5.5 (gp5.5) forms a stable complex with the Escherichia coli histone-like protein H-NS and transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The 3'-terminal sequence (5'-ACCA-3') of tRNAs is identical to that of a functional primer synthesized by T7 primase. Mutations in T7 that suppress the inability of primase reduce the amount of gp5.5 and thus increase the pool of tRNA to serve as primers. Alterations in T7 gene 3 facilitate tRNA priming by reducing its endonuclease activity that cleaves at the tRNA-DNA junction. The tRNA bound to gp5.5 recruits H-NS. H-NS alone inhibits reactions involved in DNA replication, but the binding to gp5.5-tRNA complex abolishes this inhibition.
Subset selection in noise based on diversity measure minimization (2003)

We develop robust methods for subset selection based on the minimization of diversity measures. A Bayesian framework is used to account for noise in the data and a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation procedure leads to an iterative procedure which is a regularized version of the focal underdetermined system solver (FOCUSS) algorithm. The convergence of the regularized FOCUSS algorithm is established and it is shown that the stable fixed points of the algorithm are sparse. We investigate three different criteria for choosing the regularization parameter: quality of fit; sparsity criterion; L-curve. The L-curve method, as applied to the problem of subset selection, is found not to be robust, and we propose a novel modified L-curve procedure that solves this problem. Each of the regularized FOCUSS algorithms is evaluated through simulation of a detection problem, and the results are compared with those obtained using a sequential forward selection algorithm termed orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP). In each case, the regularized FOCUSS algorithm is shown to be superior to the OMP in noisy environments.
A 368-kWp Grid-Connected PV System: Known and Hidden Losses (2017)

We present a method for real-time analysis and overall evaluation of some avoidable losses in large gridconnected PV systems. Plane-of-array (PoA) irradiance for each orientation is not required. For the 368.5-kWp flatroof PV system at EnergyVille with modules facing South, East, West, and North (tilted at 10° from horizontal), we estimated 8.9% ‘avoidable’ losses of which 2.1% due to inverter downtime including breakdown and another 6.8% shading and mismatch losses between April 22, 2016 and April 21, 2017. String undersizing losses were identified for one of the inverters in the form of systematic underperformance by about 8%. Each sub-array’s performance is compared to that of a non-shaded reference with the same orientation(s). We term as ‘ideal’ the operating conditions of the references. Plots of the relative array performance reveal the evolution of shading and other non-common-mode losses in the course of each day. Clear-sky comparisons are ideal for studying the shading loss evolution in the course of the day during different parts of the year, but also overcast days can reveal inverter or PV array issues at low input powers. Global horizontal irradiance (GHI) logging is therefore a minimum requirement. The method can be integrated in commercial PV-system monitoring software.
Science and Technology of Unconventional Fiber Waveguides for Emerging DoD and DOE Laser Missions (Final Report) (2012)

Abstract not provided.
Genomic occupancy of HLH, AP1 and Runx2 motifs within a nuclease sensitive site of the Runx2 gene (2012)

Epigenetic mechanisms mediating expression of the Runt-related transcription factor Runx2 are critical for controlling its osteogenic activity during skeletal development. Here, we characterized bona fide regulatory elements within 120 kbp of the endogenous bone-related Runx2 promoter (P1) in osteoblasts by genomic DNase I footprinting and chromatin immuno-precipitations (ChIPs). We identified a ~10 kbp genomic domain spanning the P1 promoter that interacts with acetylated histones H3 and H4 reflecting an open chromatin conformation in MC3T3 osteoblasts. This large chromatin domain contains a single major DNaseI hypersensitive (DHS) region that defines a 0.4 kbp "basal core" promoter. This region encompasses two endogenous genomic protein/DNA interaction sites (i.e., footprints at Activating Protein 1 [AP1], E-box and Runx motifs). Helix-Loop-Helix (HLH)/E-box occupancy and presence of the DHS region persists in several mesenchymal cell types, but AP1 site occupancy occurs only during S phase when Runx2 expression is minimal. Point-mutation of the HLH/E box dramatically reduces basal promoter activity. Our results indicate that the Runx2 P1 promoter utilizes two stable principal protein/DNA interaction domains associated with AP1 and HLH factors. These sites function together with dynamic and developmentally responsive sites in a major DHS region to support epigenetic control of bone-specific transcription when osteoblasts transition into a quiescent or differentiated state.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Enantiomeric erythro‐ and threo‐1,2,3‐Pentanetriols by an Enzymatic Racemate Resolution. (1987)

Abstract Enantiomerically pure triols (VIII), (X), (XII), (XIV) are needed as building units for the synthesis of brevicomin enantiomers.
On the performance potential of different types of speculative thread-level parallelism (2006)

Recent research in thread-level speculation (TLS) has proposed several mechanisms for optimistic execution of difficult-to-analyze serial codes in parallel. Though it has been shown that TLS helps to achieve higher levels of parallelism, evaluation of the unique performance potential of TLS, i.e., performance gain that be achieved only through speculation, has not received much attention. In this paper, we evaluate this aspect, by separating the speedup achievable via true TLP (thread-level parallelism) and TLS, for the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark. Further, we dissect the performance potential of each type of speculation --- control speculation, data dependence speculation and data value speculation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dissection study of its kind. Assuming an oracle TLS mechanism --- which corresponds to perfect speculation and zero threading overhead --- whereby the execution time of a candidate program region (for speculative execution) can be reduced to zero, our study shows that, at the loop-level, the upper bound on the arithmetic mean and geometric mean speedup achievable via TLS across SPEC CPU2000 is 39.16% (standard deviation = 31.23) and 18.18% respectively.