gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Further Evidence for an Elongation-Decarboxylation Mechanism in the Biosynthesis of Paraffins in Leaves (1968)

In isolated tobacco leaves l-valine-U-(14)C gave rise to labeled even-numbered isobranched fatty acids containing 16 to 26 carbon atoms and iso C(29), iso C(31), and iso C(33) paraffins. l-Isoleucine-U-(14)C on the other hand produced labeled odd-numbered anteiso C(17) to C(27) fatty acids and anteiso C(30) and C(32) paraffins. Trichloroacetic acid inhibited the incorporation of isobutyrate into C(20) and higher fatty acids and paraffins without affecting the synthesis of the C(16) and C(18) fatty acids. Thus the very long branched fatty acids are biosynthetically related to the paraffins. In Senecio odoris leaves acetate-1-(14)C was incorporated into the paraffins (mainly n-C(31)) only in the epidermis although acetate was readily incorporated into fatty acids in the mesophyll tissue. Similarly only the epidermal tissue incorporated acetate into fatty acids longer than C(18) suggesting that the epidermis is the site of synthesis of both paraffins and the very long fatty acids. In broccoli leaves n-C(12) acid labeled with (14)C in the carboxyl carbon and (3)H in the methylene carbons was incorporated into C(29) paraffin without the loss of (14)C relative to (3)H. Since n-C(18) acid is known to be incorporated into the paraffin without loss of carboxyl carbon these results suggest that the condensation of C(12) acid with C(18) acid is not responsible for n-C(29) paraffin synthesis in this tissue. Thus all the experimental evidence thus far obtained strongly suggests that elongation of fatty acids followed by decarboxylation is the most likely pathway for paraffin biosynthesis in leaves.
Spectral characteristics of high-power 1.5 mu m broad-band superluminescent fiber sources (1990)

The spectral variation of spontaneous emission from erbium-doped single-mode fibers is studied with the aim of producing high-power (more than 5 mW), broadband (in excess of 10 nm) amplified spontaneous emission sources for fiber gyroscope applications. In particular, the evolution of spectral shape and center wavelength with fiber length and output power in the previously unstudied high-power regime where saturation effects dominate is demonstrated. A visibility curve for a potential twin-peaked nonresonant erbium-doped fiber gyroscope source with a short (210 mu m) coherence length is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel Concepts for Integrating the Electric Drive and Auxiliary Dc-Dc Converter for Hybrid Vehicles (2007)

Cost, volume and weight are three major driving forces in the automotive area. This is also true for hybrid vehicles which attract more and more attention due to increasing fuel costs and air pollution. In hybrid vehicles the energy distribution system causes a significant share of the volume and the costs. In order to reduce the costs and the volume of this system two new concepts for integrating the dc-dc converter, which transfers the power between the low and the high voltage bus, functionally in the inverter/drive system are presented in this paper. These concepts are verified by simulations and experimental results.
Prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in children with mental retardation: data from a population-based study (2000)

The main purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in children with mental retardation (MR) (IQ < or = 70). All children born between 1980 and 1985 (N=30037) in Akershus County, Norway, were screened for possible MR and assessed with either IQ tests or standardized developmental tests. A total of 178 children, 79 with severe mental retardation (SMR) (IQ<50) and 99 with mild mental retardation (MMR) (IQ 50 to 70) were included for further study. Psychiatric symptomatology was assessed as a standard part of the neurodevelopmental examination, which included a semistructured parent interview, a clinical child interview, and retrieval of the charts of previous child psychiatric examinations. Psychiatric diagnoses were classified according to the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10). In total, 65 (37%) of the total population with MR (95% confidence intervals 29 to 44) were registered to have psychiatric diagnoses, the most common being hyperkinesia (n=28) and pervasive developmental disorder (n=15). Psychiatric diagnoses were present in 42% of the population with SMR and 33% of the population with MMR (p=0.4). Of all children found to have a psychiatric diagnosis, approximately one-third had previously been examined by a child psychiatrist and indicated a previously unrecognized need for these services to children with MR.
All photon analysis of ultrasonically sculpted virtual optical waveguides using a custom-designed physics-based renderer (2021)

We discuss the characterization and analysis of ultrasonically sculpted virtual optical waveguides in scattering media using a novel physics-based renderer. Our renderer is physically accurate, unbiased, and fast. Unlike other simulators, our renderer can handle heterogeneous refractive index profiles in scattering media. Using the renderer, we characterized the effect of different parameters of virtual optical waveguides to enhance the overall light throughput in transparent and scattering media. The simulator can potentially be used for analysis-by-synthesis and design of innovative acousto-optics systems, capable of generating complex virtual elements in scattering media.
ChemInform Abstract: Isocladrastin and Kashmigenin ‐ Two Isoflavones from Iris kashmiriana. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Termination of persistent atrial fibrillation as the end-point for catheter ablation: predictive factors and long-term clinical outcome (2008)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Vibrating Zinc Electrodes in Ni/Zn Batteries (1982)

In electrochemical processes where diffusion is rate controlling, the use of vibrating electrodes may result in an increase in the average mass transfer rate. The mechanism for the increase is that vibration changes the pattern of free convective flow developed during the process into a different flow pattern. Four models for the mass transfer enhancement are reviewed and modified. Vibrating zinc electrodes in Ni/Zn batteries (Vibrocel™) are analyzed. The analyses include fluid dynamics, mass transfer, and electrochemical deposition phenomena. Three types of fluid flows are considered. The first, free‐convective flow, is induced by the difference in density of the electrolyte near the electrode and in the bulk. The other two types, induced by the vibration of the zinc electrodes, are a periodic flow consisting of an oscillatory bulk flow and an oscillatory boundary flow, and a steady streaming near the upper and lower edges of the electrodes. The mass‐transfer coefficients of zincate and hydroxide ions are calculated. The morphology of electrochemical deposition of zinc from alkaline zincate solution is related to ion‐surface interactions. The observed morphologies of zinc deposition in a cell with vibrating electrodes are explained. The limiting current density at the vibrating zinc electrode is calculated.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Mixing and Combustion in Scramjet Combustors (2004)

1 Abstract A combined experimental-numerical study is underway to validate a new large-eddy simulation (LES) for supersonic combustion studies. Experimental data on fuel-air mixing is being obtained at Georgia Tech and University of Florida while supersonic combustion is being investigated at University of Florida. The results obtained in the first year’s effort are summarized in this paper with particular emphasis on the LES model development and validation.
Data from SIRT1 Pathway Dysregulation in the Smoke-Exposed Airway Epithelium and Lung Tumor Tissue (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cigarette smoke produces a molecular field of injury in epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract. However, the specific signaling pathways that are altered in the airway of smokers and the signaling processes responsible for the transition from smoking-induced airway damage to lung cancer remain unknown. In this study, we use a genomic approach to study the signaling processes associated with tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer. First, we developed and validated pathway-specific gene expression signatures in bronchial airway epithelium that reflect activation of signaling pathways relevant to tobacco exposure, including ATM, BCL2, GPX1, NOS2, IKBKB, and SIRT1. Using these profiles and four independent gene expression datasets, we found that SIRT1 activity is significantly upregulated in cytologically normal bronchial airway epithelial cells from active smokers compared with nonsmokers. In contrast, this activity is strikingly downregulated in non–small cell lung cancer. This pattern of signaling modulation was unique to SIRT1, and downregulation of SIRT1 activity is confined to tumors from smokers. Decreased activity of SIRT1 was validated using genomic analyses of mouse models of lung cancer and biochemical testing of SIRT1 activity in patient lung tumors. Together, our findings indicate a role of SIRT1 in response to smoke and a potential role in repressing lung cancer. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the airway gene expression signatures derived in this study can provide novel insights into signaling pathways altered in the “field of injury” induced by tobacco smoke and thus may impact strategies for prevention of tobacco-related lung cancer. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 72(22); 5702–11. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Assessment of State of Charge Estimation Methods Based on Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine for Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Vehicular Applications (2022)

Abstract The State of Charge (SOC) estimation in Lithium-ion batteries is a challenging task that is currently assessed with different methods in a vast variety of applications. This paper presents the design and assessment of two SOC estimation methods, based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms for Lithium-ion batteries used in vehicular applications. The paper validates the two proposed approaches with experimental data collected during a laboratory test campaign. The obtained results are compared in terms of estimation accuracy, proving the feasibility of the considered algorithms. Moreover, the paper describes the retained software architectures and the design procedure related to the two proposed techniques based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). In detail, the retained Lithium-ion battery is a 21.6V 3.3Ah battery pack that is used as an energy module for vehicular applications. The considered battery module is numerically modeled with a 2nd order RC equivalent Thevenin model to collect a sufficient amount of data for the algorithms design phase. The model parameters are identified with a grey-box approach based on a non-linear least squares algorithm designed to accurately estimate the battery SOC with both the ANN-based and SVM-based methods. Specifically, the resulting mean prediction error is always below 2.5% and 3.5% for the ANN-based and SVM-based algorithms, respectively.
Distributed Strain Sensing Based on Combination of Brillouin Gain and Loss Effects in Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis (2012)

We propose a novel scheme to improve the Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis (BOCDA) system by combining Brillouin gain and loss effects. Periodical chopping of the dc bias of a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator is used to successively generate upshifted or downshifted single-sideband signal with suppressed carrier. The successively generated signal serves as a Brillouin pump (probe) to amplify (absorb) the carrier for lock-in detection of the net gain between Brillouin gain and loss effects. The signal-to-noise ratio of the novel scheme is twofold enhanced and the feasibility of distributed strain sensing with a nominal spatial resolution of 1.6 cm is experimentally demonstrated.
Real-time 100 Gb/s NRZ-OOK transmission with a silicon photonics GeSi electro-absorption modulator (2017)

We demonstrate single-wavelength, serial and real-time 100 Gb/s NRZ-OOK transmission over 500 m SSMF with a GeSi EAM implemented on a silicon photonics platform. The device was driven with 2 Vpp without 50 Ω termination, allowing a low-complexity solution for 400 GbE short-reach optical interconnects.
098 Cytokine Dynamics in Three-Dimensional Extracellular Matrices (2008)

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was used to measure the binding and diffusion of growth factors in model extracellular matrices in order to investigate the importance of protein-matrix interactions in regulating signaling molecules within a three-dimensional matrix. Two important growth factors were studied, transforming growth factor β1 and basic fibroblast growth factor, which are known to have specific affinities for fibronectin and the heparan-sulfate-proteoglycan perlecan, respectively. Collagen-based matrices were prepared by polymerizing type I collagen in the presence of fibronectin or perlecan, and we measured diffusion constants and binding constants of the two growth factors. The binding constant measured for transforming growth factor β1 with fibronectin-containing matrices was in good agreement with that measured using affinity chromatography. However, the interactions measured between fibroblast growth factor and perlecan were significantly weaker than expected. Surprisingly, the strongest interactions by far were with monomeric collagen solutions and fibrillar collagen matrices. Our findings suggest a central role for the three-dimensional fibrillar collagen matrix in growth factor interactions, with modulatory roles for fibronectin or perlecan.
Inflammatory bowel disease microbiotas alter gut CD4 T-cell homeostasis and drive colitis in mice (2018)

Abstract To examine the functional contribution of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) microbes to immune homeostasis and colitis, we colonized unchallenged and colitis-susceptible germ-free mice with over twenty human intestinal microbiotas from healthy and IBD donors. Compared to healthy microbiotas, IBD microbiotas led to expanded RORγt + Th17 cells and reduced RORγt + Treg in the gut of unchallenged gnotobiotic mice and increased disease severity in colitis-susceptible mice. The proportions of RORγt + Th17 and RORγt + Treg induced by each microbiota were highly predictive of the human disease status and strongly correlated with disease severity in colitis-susceptible mice colonized with the same human microbiotas. The transmittable functional potential of IBD microbes suggests a mechanism for a microbial contribution to IBD pathogenesis and a potential route for its treatment and prevention.
Ambient preparation and reactions of gas phase silver cluster cations and anions (2015)

Electrospray ionization of metal salt solutions followed by ambient heating transforms the resulting salt clusters into new species, primarily naked ionic metal clusters. The experiment is done by passing the clusters through a heated coiled loop outside the mass spectrometer which releases the counter-anion while generating the anionic or cationic naked metal cluster. The nature of the anion in the starting salt determines the type of metal cluster observed. For example, silver acetate upon heating generates only positive silver clusters, Ag(n)(+), but silver fluoride generates both positive and negative silver clusters, Ag(n)(+/-) (3 < n < 20). Both unheated and heated metal salt sprays yield ions with characteristic geometric and electronic magic numbers. There is also a strong odd/even effect in the cationic and anionic silver clusters. Thermochemical control is suggested as the basis for favored formation of the observed clusters, with anhydride elimination occurring from the acetates and fluorine elimination from the fluorides to give cationic and anionic clusters, respectively. Data on the intermediates observed as the temperature is ramped support this. The naked metal clusters react with gaseous reagents in the open air, including methyl substituted pyridines, hydrocarbons, common organic solvents, ozone, ethylene, and propylene. Argentation of hydrocarbons, including saturated hydrocarbons, is shown to occur and serves as a useful analytical ionization method. The new cluster formation methodology allows investigation of ligand-metal binding including in reactions of industrial importance, such as olefin epoxidation. These reactions provide insight into the physicochemical properties of silver cluster anions and cations. The potential use of the ion source in ion soft landing is demonstrated by reproducing the mass spectra of salts heated in air using a custom surface science instrument.
Arabidopsis CONSERVED BINDING OF EIF4E1 negatively regulates the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (2022)

Summary Cell-surface pattern recognition receptors sense invading pathogens by binding microbial or endogenous elicitors to activate plant immunity. These responses are under tight control to avoid excessive or untimely activation of cellular responses, which may otherwise be detrimental to host cells. How this fine-tuning is accomplished is an area of active study. We previously described a suppressor screen that identified Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with regained immune signaling in the immunodeficient genetic background bak1-5 , which we named modifier of bak1-5 ( mob) mutants. Here, we report that bak1-5 mob7 restores elicitor-induced signaling. Using a combination of map-based cloning and whole-genome resequencing, we identified MOB7 as CONSERVED BINDING OF EIF4E1 ( CBE1 ), a plant-specific protein that interacts with highly-conserved eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E1. Our data demonstrate that CBE1 regulate the accumulation of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD), the NADPH oxidase responsible for elicitor-induced apoplast reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, several mRNA decapping and translation initiation factors co-localize with CBE1 and similarly regulate immune signaling. This study thus identifies a novel regulator of immune signaling and provides new insights into ROS regulation, and more generally translational control during plant stress responses.
Measuring 3D velocity vectors using the Transverse Oscillation method (2012)

Experimentally obtained estimates of three-dimensional (3D) velocity vectors using the 3D Transverse Oscillation (TO) method are presented. The method employs a 2D transducer and synthesizes two double-oscillating fields in receive to obtain the axial, transverse, and elevation velocity components simultaneously. Experimental data are acquired using the ultrasound research scanner SARUS. The double-oscillating TO fields are investigated in an experimental scanning tank setup. The results demonstrate that the created fields only oscillate in the axial plus either the transverse or the elevation direction. Velocity measurements are conducted in an experimental flow-rig with steady flow in two different directions (mainly in x or y direction). Velocity estimates are obtained along the z axis. All three velocity components (vx, v,, vz) are measured with relative biases and standard deviations (normalized to expected value) below 5% and 12%, respectively. For an expected velocity magnitude of 25.2 cm/s, the method estimates 24.4±3.1 cm/s and 25.1±1.9 cm/s for the two directions. Under similar conditions, Field II simulations yield 25.1±1.5 cm/s and 25.4±1.6 cm/s. The experimental results validate the results obtained through simulations and verify that the 3D TO method estimates the full 3D velocity vectors simultaneously as well as the correct velocity magnitudes.
Production of Biobutanediols by the Hydrogenolysis of Erythritol (2012)

The hydrogenolysis of erythritol using an Ir-ReO(x)/SiO(2) catalyst was performed for the production of butanediols, which are widely used as a raw material of polymers. The activity and selectivity to butanediols on Ir-ReO(x)/SiO(2) was much higher than that on conventional hydrogenolysis catalysts. The maximum selectivity to 1,4- and 1,3-butanediols reached 33 and 12 % at 74 % conversion, respectively. The erythritol conversion and selectivity to butanediols was almost maintained during four repeating tests if small amounts of acid were added to the reaction and the catalyst was calcined again. The reaction kinetics, reactivity trends, and characterization results indicate a direct hydrogenolysis mechanism in which the hydride species on the Ir metal surface attacks the alkoxide species on the 3D ReO(x) clusters. Based on the production of erythritol by the fermentation of glucose and glycerol, erythritol hydrogenolysis may be a promising pathway for the production of biobutanediols.
Scissor lift with real-time self-adjustment ability based on variable gravity compensation mechanism (2016)

Most robots involved in vertical movement against gravitation require actuators large enough to support their own weight. To improve the inherent safety of such robots against the large actuators and reduce their energy consumption, numerous gravity compensation mechanisms (GCMs) have been proposed. Our previous study proposed a variable GCM (VGCM) that uses two types of springs and can adjust the compensation force. In this paper, a VGCM-based scissor lift (pantograph lift) that uses three springs and a smaller actuator is proposed. A prototype is designed and fabricated, and the performance of the prototype is evaluated experimentally. The results demonstrate that the developed scissor lift meets the design specifications. In addition, a load estimator is established based on the dynamic model of the scissor lift. A real-time self-adjustment method that automatically changes the compensation force is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified.
Repair Is Nearly Generation: Multilingual Program Repair with LLMs (2023)

Most programmers make mistakes when writing code. Some of these mistakes are small and require few edits to the original program – a class of errors recently termed last mile mistakes. These errors break the flow for experienced developers and can stump novice programmers. Existing automated repair techniques targeting this class of errors are language-specific and do not easily carry over to new languages. Transferring symbolic approaches requires substantial engineering and neural approaches require data and retraining. We introduce RING, a multilingual repair engine powered by a large language model trained on code (LLMC) such as Codex. Such a multilingual engine enables a flipped model for programming assistance, one where the programmer writes code and the AI assistance suggests fixes, compared to traditional code suggestion technology. Taking inspiration from the way programmers manually fix bugs, we show that a prompt-based strategy that conceptualizes repair as localization, transformation, and candidate ranking, can successfully repair programs in multiple languages with minimal effort. We present the first results for such a multilingual repair engine by evaluating on 6 different languages and comparing performance to language-specific repair engines. We show that RING can outperform language-specific repair engines for three of these languages.