gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Analysis of wave propagation and wavefront sensing in target-in-the-loop beam control systems</title> (2004)

Target-in-the-loop (TIL) wave propagation geometry represents perhaps the most challenging case for adaptive optics applications that are related with maximization of irradiance power density on extended remotely located surfaces in the presence of dynamically changing refractive index inhomogeneities in the propagation medium. We introduce a TIL propagation model that uses a combination of the parabolic equation describing outgoing wave propagation, and the equation describing evolution of the mutual intensity function (MIF) for the backscattered (returned) wave. The resulting evolution equation for the MIF is further simplified by the use of the smooth refractive index approximation. This approximation enables derivation of the transport equation for the returned wave brightness function, analyzed here using method characteristics (brightness function trajectories). The equations for the brightness function trajectories (ray equations) can be efficiently integrated numerically. We also consider wavefront sensors that perform sensing of speckle-averaged characteristics of the wavefront phase (TIL sensors). Analysis of the wavefront phase reconstructed from Shack-Hartmann TIL sensor measurements shows that an extended target introduces a phase modulation (target-induced phase) that cannot be easily separated from the atmospheric turbulence-related phase aberrations. We also show that wavefront sensing results depend on the extended target shape, surface roughness, and the outgoing beam intensity distribution on the target surface.
Evaluation of response to fractionated radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-epratuzumab in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (2008)

A positive assessment of disease by PET acquired six weeks after radioimmunotherapy corresponded with a shorter time to progression.
Corrigendum: Use of Human Dental Pulp and Endothelial Cell Seeded Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate Scaffolds for Robust in vivo Alveolar Jaw Bone Regeneration (2020)

CORRECTION article Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 17 November 2020Sec. Biomaterials Volume 8 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.608275
Experimental demonstration of Raman gain efficiency and chromatic dispersion of hole-assisted fiber: Influence of bend (2007)

The Raman gain efficiency and chromatic-dispersion of a hole-assisted fiber with and without minimum allowable bending radius are measured. Numerical predictions from the theory are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Engaging China’s new foreign policy in the South Pacific (2016)

China’s declared foreign policy of ‘non-interference’ is contradicted by its actions in recent times. Beyond activities in the East and South China Seas, the involvement of China in negotiations on the Korean Peninsula, the evacuation of Chinese citizens from various crises, and the deployment of Chinese combat troops to peacekeeping missions in Africa have indicated China’s growing interests in the shape of world affairs, coinciding with a growing economic and military capacity to influence them. Much attention has been given to the potential consequences of great-power competition between the USA and China, but little focus has been given to the impact these trends may have in the outlying regions of Chinese foreign policy. One such place is Melanesia in the South Pacific—a subregion where a small influence from a Chinese perspective can have a significant impact on Pacific Island Countries. This article postulates that, over time, there is potential for the consequences of Chinese interests to lead to accidental friction, and suggests that this risk can be mitigated through increased cooperation.
Comparing Nafion and Ceramic Separators Used in Electrochemical Purification of Spent Chromium Plating Solutions:  Cationic Impurity Removal and Transport (2003)

This study focuses on the electrolytic regeneration of spent chromium plating solutions. These solutions contain a significant amount of chromium and a lesser amount of other heavy metals, which makes them a significant environmental concern and an obvious target for recycling and reuse. The type of separator used is extremely critical to the performance of the process because they are the major resistance in the transport-related impurity (Cu(II), Ni(II), and Fe(III)) removals from contaminated chromic acid solutions. A Nafion 117 membrane and a ceramic diaphragm separator traditionally used in the industry were tested for comparison. It was found that the mobilities of Cu(II) and Ni(II) were similar and higher than that of Fe(III) using both separators. The mobility of each cation was smaller in the Nafion membrane than in the ceramic diaphragm. The measured conductivity of the ceramic diaphragm was slightly higher than that of Nafion membrane. However, the Nafion membrane was much thinner than the ceramic diaphragm resulting in the system using the Nafion membrane having higher impurity removal rates than the system using the ceramic diaphragm. The removal rates were approximately equal for Cu(II) and Ni(II) and lowest for Fe(III). Both current and initial concentration affected the removal rates of the impurities. Modeling results indicated that a system using a Nafion separator and a small catholyte/anolyte volume ratio was better than a system using a ceramic separator for removing impurities from concentrated plating solutions if the impurities transported into the catholyte are deposited or precipitated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Valuable Precursor for the Preparation of Novel Quinolone Glycosides. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Altered Binding of a Multimeric Protein by Changing the Self-Assembling Properties of its Substrate (2010)

Artificially controlled cell recognition has potentially far-reaching applications in both the understanding and altering of biological function. The event of recognition often involves a multimeric protein binding a cellular membrane. While such an interaction is energetically favorable, it has been surprisingly underexploited in artificial control of recognition. Herein we describe how changing properties of substrate (phosphocholine, PC) self-assembly can affect both binding behavior and substrate affinity to a pentameric recognition protein (C-reactive protein, CRP). PC was modified with a short, self-assembling DNA strand to make the substrate self-assembly sensitive and responsive to ionic environment. A significant shift in CRP binding affinity was observed when substrates were assembled in the presence of Cs(+) rather than K(+). Furthermore, alteration of the linker length tethering PC to DNA showed trends similar to other multivalent systems. In optimizing these linker lengths, positive cooperativity increased and K(d) of the substrate assembly to CRP improved roughly 1000-fold. Such experiments both inform our understanding of biological, multivalent interactions in self-assembling systems and present a potential method to exogenously control events in cell recognition.
Determination of femtosecond-laser-induced refractive-index changes in an optical fiber from far-field measurements (2014)

A new method for direct writing of localized, circularly symmetric refractive-index changes in optical fibers with a femtosecond laser is demonstrated. The refractive-index changes are characterized using a novel approach employing comparison of numerical simulations to the measured far-field profiles of unmodified and modified fibers. From the analysis, a negative refractive-index change of -0.015±0.005 within a radius of (0.6±0.1) μm is determined.
Data from Obesity Contributes to Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Success through Increased Lipogenesis, Enhanced Vascularity, and Decreased Infiltration of M1 Macrophages (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, with high mortality attributable to widespread intraperitoneal metastases. Recent meta-analyses report an association between obesity, ovarian cancer incidence, and ovarian cancer survival, but the effect of obesity on metastasis has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to use an integrative approach combining &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies to test the hypothesis that obesity contributes to ovarian cancer metastatic success. Initial &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; studies using three-dimensional mesomimetic cultures showed enhanced cell–cell adhesion to the lipid-loaded mesothelium. Furthermore, in an &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; colonization assay, ovarian cancer cells exhibited increased adhesion to mesothelial explants excised from mice modeling diet-induced obesity (DIO), in which they were fed a “Western” diet. Examination of mesothelial ultrastructure revealed a substantial increase in the density of microvilli in DIO mice. Moreover, enhanced intraperitoneal tumor burden was observed in overweight or obese animals in three distinct &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; models. Further histologic analyses suggested that alterations in lipid regulatory factors, enhanced vascularity, and decreased M1/M2 macrophage ratios may account for the enhanced tumorigenicity. Together, these findings show that obesity potently affects ovarian cancer metastatic success, which likely contributes to the negative correlation between obesity and ovarian cancer survival. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 75(23); 5046–57. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation Method for Steer Assist Feeling around Steering Center and Control Design on EPS (2008)

In this research, a method of designing an EPS control system that achieved a good steer feeling without using an actual vehicle was examined. Firstly, evaluation functions to evaluate steer feeling theoretically were set. And it was described that steer feelings such as “inertial feeling” and “viscous feeling” could be expressed by the evaluation functions. Secondly, a target characteristic that made the steer feeling good was determined on the evaluation function, and control methods to theoretically achieve this target characteristic were described. Finally, the designed control system was installed in an EPS vehicle. As a result, it was confirmed that the steer feeling in an actual vehicle was fine with no “inertial and viscous feeling”.
A simple novel approach for detecting blood–brain barrier permeability using GPCR internalization (2020)

This approach provides an alternative and simple manner to assess BBB dysfunction and development in different physiological and pathological conditions.
New Approaches to Catalyst Substrate Application for Diesel Engines (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Nearly all real Diesel engine operation is leading to low exhaust temperatures. Standard catalyst technique remains therefore for significant time below light off. To improve the conversion behavior two approaches were made: placement of tailor fitted catalysts as close as possible to the engine exhaust port before turbocharger and usage of close coupled catalysts with the so-called hybrid design. Both measures are providing visible progress in reducing Diesel engine emissions. Tests were made with modern Diesel engines both for passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
An analytic and experimental comparison of direct and external modulation in analog fiber-optic links (1990)

Analytic lumped-element small-signal models of directly and externally modulated analog fiber-optic links are derived. Incremental modulation efficiency is defined and used to compare the performances of these modulation techniques. In experiments to optimize link RF-to-RF gain and noise figure, the measurements obtained agreed with calculations to within approximately=1 dB. The externally modulated link was operated with two different impedance matching circuits. With a low-pass match the bandwidth was 150 MHz, and the link transducer gain was 1 dB; with a bandpass match the bandwidth was 22 MHz, the link transducer gain was 11 dB, and the noise figure was 6 dB. The directly modulated link was operated with a low-pass match. In this case, the bandwidth was 1 GHz, the link transducer gain was -14 dB, and the noise figure was 33 dB. These experimental results were achieved with no amplification,.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of C‐5 benzoyl and azido functionalized 2,2′‐dithiobis‐and 2,2′‐diselenobis(1H‐indoles) (1997)

Abstract Novel methods for the synthesis of C‐5 benzoyl and azido analogues of 2,2′‐dithiobis(1 H ‐indole), 1, and 2,2′‐diselenobis(1 H ‐indole), 2, are described to further explore the structure activity relationships in this region of the molecule. Analogues 3‐i displayed inhibitory activity (IC 50 = 0.45‐2.03 μ) toward the catalytic domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase that was equivalent to or better than that of unsubstituted compounds 1 and 2. The regiochemistry of Friedel‐Crafts benzoylation onto 1 was determined by X‐ray crystallography. To test the potential for compounds of this class to interact with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase via a sulfhydryl exchange mechanism, reaction of a 2,2′‐dithiobis(1 H ‐indole) with glutathione was carried out and the product characterized.
Fundamental mode emission in tapered quantum cascade lasers for high brightness (2020)

Currently, the highest power quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) include (i) an efficient active region design, which minimizes the energy fraction transferred into heat, (ii) a relatively large number (40) of cascades, which increases the mode confinement factor, Γ, and (iii) narrow buried-heterostructure waveguides, which efficiently cool the active region through efficient lateral heat flow. This combination allows watt-level continuous wave (cw) emission powers at room temperature. Moreover, narrow waveguides favor the fundamental TM00 lateral mode, resulting in a nearly Gaussian beam. To the extent that power efficiency is already largely optimized, power scaling in narrow-stripe QCLs is only possible through increasing the laser length, which is limited by the needs for robust construction and transparent antireflection coatings. Broad-area (BA) QCLs with a small number of cascades can also deliver watt-level cw powers at room temperature, profiting from the enhanced vertical heat flow. Power can be scaled for these lasers also via the laser width and is nearly unlimited. The usual drawback of the BA lasers is poor beam quality. We discuss the use of tapered QCLs and the first demonstration of room temperature cw operation of the BA QCL in fundamental TM00 mode. A stable and reproducible transverse optical mode is achieved using a double-taper waveguide geometry. The laser emits at 4.6 μm and has a demonstrated room temperature cw power of 100 mW.
Preparation and Characterization of Anisotropic Submicron Particles From Semicrystalline Polymers (2012)

Abstract The synthesis of colloidally stable submicron particles of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and isotactic polystyrene (iPS) is reported. Model particles based on poly‐ L ‐lactic acid (PLLA), atactic polystyrene (aPS), sPS, and iPS are prepared by the evaporation of a solvent present in miniemulsion droplets. The degree of crystallinity of the particles is found to decrease with their size, as shown by DSC and WAXS measurements. Remarkably, nonspherical particles can be formed in the dispersed state with sPS and iPS, whereas PLLA and aPS particles always display spherical morphologies.
Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on Graphs (2021)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved significant performance in various tasks. However, recent studies have shown that DNNs can be easily fooled by small perturbation on the input, called adversarial attacks.
Optical spectroscopy methods to probe key spectral fingerprints of animal bone (2013)

The chemical composition of different animal bones was studied using Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Using a luminescence spectrometer, the fluorescence spectra from an excitation of 300 nm, 340 nm, 400 nm and 500 nm were investigated and showed the key molecular components of bone. After 300 nm excitation, 380 nm fluorescence was seen, consistent with the presence of collagen. After 340 nm excitation, 380 nm fluorescence was seen, consistent with the presence of collagen, the main organic material in bone. An excitation of 340 nm also showed a fluorescence of 450 nm, most likely due to the presence of NADH. After 500 nm excitation, 600 nm fluorescence was seen, most likely caused by porphyrins due to blood within the bone. Raman spectroscopy using a 785 nm laser was also performed. With these spectroscopic tools, the important features and components of bone can be studied.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Hearing improvement after bevacizumab in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2. (2010)

BACKGROUND-Profound hearing loss is a serious complication of neurofibromatosis type 2, a genetic condition associated with bilateral vestibular schwannomas, benign tumors that arise from the eighth cranial nerve. There is no medical treatment for such tumors. METHODS-We determined the expression pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and three of its receptors, VEGFR-2, neuropilin-1, and neuropilin-2, in paraffin-embedded samples from 21 vestibular schwannomas associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 and from 22 sporadic schwannomas. Ten consecutive patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 and progressive vestibular schwannomas who were not candidates for standard treatment were treated with bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody. An imaging response was defined as a decrease of at least 20% in tumor volume, as compared with baseline. A hearing response was defined as a significant increase in the word-recognition score, as compared with baseline.
In unity there is strength: Showcasing a unified big data platform with MapReduce Over both object and file storage (2014)

Big Data platforms often need to support emerging data sources and applications while accommodating existing ones. Since different data and applications have varying requirements, multiple types of data stores (e.g. file-based and object-based) frequently co-exist in the same solution today without proper integration. Hence cross-store data access, key to effective data analytics, can not be achieved without laborious application re-programming, prohibitively expensive data migration, and/or costly maintenance of multiple data copies. We address this vital issue by introducing a first unified big data platform over heterogeneous storage. In particular, we present a prototype joining Apache Hadoop MapReduce with OpenStack's open-source object store Swift and IBM's cluster file system GPFS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> . A sentiment analysis application using 3 months of real Twitter data is employed to test and showcase our prototype. We have found that our prototype achieves 50% data capacity savings, eliminates data migration overhead, offers stronger reliability and enterprise support. Through our case study, we have learned important theoretical lessons concerning performance and reliability, as well as practical ones related to platform configuration. We have also identified several potentially high-impact research directions.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Ammonium Polyphosphate—Polyurethane System used as Fire-Retardant Additive in EVA (2003)

First, the efficiency of a mixture PU/APP as fire retardant in an ethylene-vinyl acetate matrix is investigated. It is shown that the fire performance is sharply improved. Second, the mechanism of fire retardancy of PU/APP is discussed considering the protective surface material, investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is shown that APP contributes to the formation of the intumescent shield creating stable nitrogenated as well as phosphorus compounds via reaction with PU and/or with its degradation products. Such species modifies the mechanical properties of the shield resulting in an improvement of its fire retarding properties.
Cloning of ACP33 as a Novel Intracellular Ligand of CD4 (2001)

CD4 recruitment to T cell receptor (TCR)-peptide-major histocompatibility class II complexes is required for stabilization of low affinity antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. The cytoplasmic portion of CD4 is thought to amplify TCR-initiated signal transduction via its association with the protein tyrosine kinase p56(lck). Here we describe a novel functional determinant in the cytosolic tail of CD4 that inhibits TCR-induced T cell activation. Deletion of two conserved hydrophobic amino acids from the CD4 carboxyl terminus resulted in a pronounced enhancement of CD4-mediated T cell costimulation. This effect was observed in the presence or absence of p56(lck), implying involvement of alternative cytosolic ligands of CD4. A two-hybrid screen with the intracellular portion of CD4 identified a previously unknown 33-kDa protein, ACP33 (acidic cluster protein 33), as a novel intracellular binding partner of CD4. Since interaction with ACP33 is abolished by deletion of the hydrophobic CD4 C-terminal amino acids mediating repression of T cell activation, we propose that ACP33 modulates the stimulatory activity of CD4. Furthermore, we demonstrate that interaction with CD4 is mediated by the noncatalytic alpha/beta hydrolase fold domain of ACP33. This suggests a previously unrecognized function for alpha/beta hydrolase fold domains as a peptide binding module mediating protein-protein interactions.