gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition metal contacts to graphene (2015)

Achieving low resistance contacts to graphene is a common concern for graphene device performance and hybrid graphene/metal interconnects. In this work, we have used the circular Transfer Length Method (cTLM) to electrically characterize Ag, Au, Ni, Ti, and Pd as contact metals to graphene. The consistency of the obtained results was verified with the characterization of up to 72 cTLM structures per metal. Within our study, the noble metals Au, Ag and Pd, which form a weaker bond with graphene, are shown to result in lower contact resistance (Rc) values compared to the more reactive Ni and Ti. X-ray Photo Electron Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy characterization for the latter have shown the formation of Ti and Ni carbides. Graphene/Pd contacts show a distinct intermediate behavior. The weak carbide formation signature and the low Rc values measured agree with theoretical predictions of an intermediate state of weak chemisorption of Pd on graphene.
Readability Research: An Interdisciplinary Approach (2022)

The control provided by digital displays over how visual information is presented to readers has the potential to improve reading for each and every reader, regardless of ability or diagnosis. On screens, text is fluid, allowing for individual customization based on reader needs, content, and reading task. This represents a profound shift in how we think about reading, because text is no longer rendered immutable by writers, designers or publishers at a single stage, and human-computer interaction research is key to realizing its potential. Targeted changes to the visual characteristics of text on screens increases the ease with which a reader can process and derive meaning. In this review, we provide a comprehensive introduction to interdisciplinary methodologies, tools, and materials required for readability research focused on the individual reader. We call on the HCI community to contribute to our growing understanding of readers’ needs, to study the interactions between text, user, and task, and to build the tools and interfaces needed to improve reading outcomes for all.
Search for pair production of squarks or gluinos decaying via sleptons or weak bosons in final states with two same-sign or three leptons with the ATLAS detector (2024)

A bstract A search for pair production of squarks or gluinos decaying via sleptons or weak bosons is reported. The search targets a final state with exactly two leptons with same-sign electric charge or at least three leptons without any charge requirement. The analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Multiple signal regions are defined, targeting several SUSY simplified models yielding the desired final states. A single control region is used to constrain the normalisation of the WZ + jets background. No significant excess of events over the Standard Model expectation is observed. The results are interpreted in the context of several supersymmetric models featuring R-parity conservation or R-parity violation, yielding exclusion limits surpassing those from previous searches. In models considering gluino (squark) pair production, gluino (squark) masses up to 2.2 (1.7) TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level.
Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Fluorescence studies of subunit interactions of enzyme I. (1990)

Enzyme I of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS) exhibits a temperature-dependent monomer/dimer equilibrium. The accompanying paper (Han, M. K., Roseman, S., and Brand, L. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1985-1995) shows that the C-terminal -SH residue (Cys-575) can be modified specifically with fluorescent probes such as pyrene maleimide. The derivative retains full enzyme activity, and is capable of forming dimers at room temperature. In the present studies, Enzyme I labeled in this way is found to exhibit a temperature-, concentration-, and pH-dependent monomer/dimer association. The kinetics of dimer formation of Enzyme I is measured in the following way. A derivatized Enzyme I sample is prepared with a pyrene moiety irreversibly attached to the C-terminal -SH residue and 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid reversibly attached to the other 3 -SH residues. This modified enzyme does not form dimers at room temperature. Addition of dithiothreitol results in total release of the thionitrobenzoate anion within 2 min. After the three -SH groups are unblocked, steady-state and nanosecond time-resolved emission anisotropy measurements indicate the dimer is formed over a period of 30 min. In a similar experiment, little dimer formation is observed at 3 degrees C, at temperature at which the native enzyme also does not form dimers. Tryptophan fluorescence is also examined during the release of the thionitrobenzoate. After the completion of thionitrobenzoate release, additional slow steady-state tryptophan fluorescence changes are observed. These results suggest that dimer formation may be preceded by a conformational change following thionitrobenzoate release.
A 16 Gb 3-Bit Per Cell (X3) NAND Flash Memory on 56 nm Technology With 8 MB/s Write Rate (2009)

A 16 Gb 8-level NAND flash chip on 56 nm CMOS technology has been fabricated and is being reported for the first time. This is the first 3-bit per cell (X3) chip published with all-bitline (ABL) architecture, which doubles the write performance compared with conventional shielded bitline architecture. A new advanced cache program algorithm provides another 15% improvement in write performance. This paper also discusses a technique for resolving the sensing error resulting from cell source line noise, which usually varies with the data pattern. The new architecture and advanced algorithm enable an 8 MB/s write performance that is comparable to previously published 2-bit per cell (4-level) NAND performance. Considering the significant cost reduction compared to 4-level NAND flash based on the same technology, this chip is a strong candidate for many mainstream applications.
Compact coaxial thermal and color imaging system with silicon-glass hybrid lens (2016)

Detecting human is one of the most important functions of service robots assisting human lives. Thermal images are useful to detect human. Since the number of pixels of the thermal imagers is smaller than that of color imagers, thermal images get more useful combined with corresponding color images. In this paper, we propose a compact optical system to obtain both thermal and color images simultaneously. The key is to use a silicon-glass hybrid lens, with which visible and far-infrared light can be focused. The focused light was split by a silicon plate. The thermal and color images were taken by a thermal and color imager, respectively. We experimentally showed that the focal plane was tuned by the position of the lens keeping the correspondence of thermal and color images.
Treatment of cotton with an alkaline Bacillus spp cellulase: Activity towards crystalline cellulose (2011)

Abstract We analysed the influence of several enzymatic treatment processes using an alkaline cellulase enzyme from Bacillus spp. on the sorption properties of cotton fabrics. Although cellulases are commonly applied in detergent formulations due to their anti‐redeposition and depilling benefits, determining the mechanism of action of alkaline cellulases on cotton fibres requires a deeper understanding of the morphology and structure of cotton fibres in terms of fibre cleaning. The accessibility of cellulose fibres was studied by evaluating the iodine sorption value and by fluorescent‐labelled enzyme microscopy; the surface morphology of fabrics was analysed by scanning microscopy. The action of enzyme hydrolysis over short time periods can produce fibrillation on cotton fibre surface without any release of cellulosic material. The results indicate that several short consecutive treatments were more effective in increasing the fibre accessibility than one long treatment. In addition, no detectable hydrolytic activity, in terms of reducing sugar production, was found.
Structured Sparsity Learning Based Multiuser Detection in Massive-Device Multiple Access (2018)

In this work, we study the non-time-slotted massive-device multiple access (MaDMA) problem where massive user devices transmit sporadic data to a multi-antenna base station (BS). We develop a structured sparsity learning based multiuser detection (SSL-MUD) scheme. By exploiting the structured sparsity naturally embedded in user signals, our SSL-MUD scheme is able to blindly detect the user packets without any prior knowledge of the user activity state (UAS) and the channel state information (CSI), and hence significantly reduces the transmission overhead. For the blind signal detection at the BS, we put forth the turbo bilinear generalized approximate message passing (Turbo-BiG-AMP) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the Turbo-BiG- AMP algorithm significantly outperforms the existing compressed sensing based approach and achieves a performance comparable to that of the oracle linear minimum mean-square error (Oracle- LMMSE) algorithm (which assumes perfect knowledge of UAS and CSI at the BS).
Heart rate variability as an indicator of autonomic nervous system disturbance in tetanus (2019)

Abstract Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is a significant cause of mortality in tetanus. Currently diagnosis relies on non-specific clinical signs. Heart rate variability (HRV) may indicate underlying autonomic nervous system activity and represents a potentially valuable non-invasive tool for ANSD diagnosis in tetanus. HRV was measured from 3 5-minute ECG recordings during a 24-hour period in a cohort patients with severe tetanus, all receiving mechanical ventilation. HRV measurements from all subjects - 5 with ANSD (Ablett Grade 4) and 4 patients without ANSD (Ablett Grade 3) - showed HRV was lower than reported ranges for healthy individuals. Comparing different severities of tetanus, raw data for both time and frequency measurements of HRV were reduced in those with ANSD compared to those without. Differences were statistically significant in all except root mean square standard deviation RMSSD (p=0.07) indicating HRV may be a valuable tool in ANSD diagnosis.
Introduction of Multiple Hydrogen Bonding for Enhanced Mechanical Performance of Polymer-Carbon Nanotube Composites (2011)

Due to their outstanding mechanical properties and high aspect ratios, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are envisioned as attractive nanofillers in polymer composites. However, due to strong van der Waals interactions, deleterious aggregation of CNTs is typically observed in polymer nanocomposites. Moreover, due to low stress transfer between the matrix polymer and the nanotube filler, only limited reinforcement is obtained. We report here a novel functionalization strategy to obtain CNTs with pendant self-complementary hydrogen bonding groups in order to address these limitations. Multi-walled CNTs were functionalized with ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) groups, which display multiple hydrogen bonding. The functionalized CNTs were blended with acrylic copolymers containing pendant UPy moieties and significant enhancement in tensile performance of the nanocomposites was observed.
Locally Propagated Activation Immediately After Internal Defibrillation (1998)

LPAs exist after successful and failed shocks near the DFT. Thus, the time from the shock to the GPA is not totally electrically silent.
High density vertical optical interconnects for passive assembly (2023)

The co-packaging of optics and electronics provides a potential path forward to achieving beyond 50 Tbps top of rack switch packages. In a co-packaged design, the scaling of bandwidth, cost, and energy is governed by the number of optical transceivers (TxRx) per package as opposed to transistor shrink. Due to the large footprint of optical components relative to their electronic counterparts, the vertical stacking of optical TxRx chips in a co-packaged optics design will become a necessity. As a result, development of efficient, dense, and wide alignment tolerance chip-to-chip optical couplers will be an enabling technology for continued TxRx scaling. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to vertically couple into standard 220 nm silicon on insulator waveguides from 220 nm silicon nitride on glass waveguides using overlapping, inverse double tapers. Simulation results using Lumerical’s 3D Finite Difference Time Domain solver are presented, demonstrating insertion losses below -0.13 dB for an inter-chip spacing of 1 &mu;m; 1 dB vertical and lateral alignment tolerances of approximately 2.6 &mu;m and &plusmn; 2.8 &mu;m, respectively; a greater than 300 nm 1 dB bandwidth; and 1 dB twist and tilt tolerances of approximately &plusmn; 2.3 degrees and 0.4 degrees, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of our coupler for use in co-packaged designs requiring high performance, high density, CMOS compatible out of plane optical connections.
Breast cancers are rare diseases—and must be treated as such (2017)

With over 1.5-1.7 million new diagnoses of breast cancer worldwide each year, and at a time when 25% of new cancers diagnosed in women annually are breast cancers, it seems completely counter to current understanding and dogma to represent breast cancers as rare diseases. Yet, from the earliest days of molecular analysis of breast cancer, 1 through the molecular subclassification of breast cancers using transcriptomics 2 to current multi-omics data, 3 scientific advances are constantly challenging our view of breast cancer (and other diseases) as single entities. Clearly today, there exist multiple disease entities, defined at a molecular level but combined under the site of origin in the breast, some if not all of which may represent rare diseases.
Context-rich semantic framework for effective data-to-decisions in coalition networks (2013)

In a coalition context, data fusion involves combining of soft (e.g., field reports, intelligence reports) and hard (e.g., acoustic, imagery) sensory data such that the resulting output is better than what it would have been if the data are taken individually. However, due to the lack of explicit semantics attached with such data, it is difficult to automatically disseminate and put the right contextual data in the hands of the decision makers. In order to understand the data, explicit meaning needs to be added by means of categorizing and/or classifying the data in relationship to each other from base reference sources. In this paper, we present a semantic framework that provides automated mechanisms to expose real-time raw data effectively by presenting appropriate information needed for a given situation so that an informed decision could be made effectively. The system utilizes controlled natural language capabilities provided by the ITA (International Technology Alliance) Controlled English (CE) toolkit to provide a human-friendly semantic representation of messages so that the messages can be directly processed in human/machine hybrid environments. The Real-time Semantic Enrichment (RTSE) service adds relevant contextual information to raw data streams from domain knowledge bases using declarative rules. The rules define how the added semantics and context information are derived and stored in a semantic knowledge base. The software framework exposes contextual information from a variety of hard and soft data sources in a fast, reliable manner so that an informed decision can be made using semantic queries in intelligent software systems.
Isokinetic evaluation of knee extensors and flexors in patients with unilateral symptomatic gonarthrotis (2001)

peer reviewed
Supplementary Methods, Table 1, Figures 1-7 from Invasive Prostate Carcinoma Driven by c-Src and Androgen Receptor Synergy (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Table 1, Figures 1-7 from Invasive Prostate Carcinoma Driven by c-Src and Androgen Receptor Synergy
The theoretical benefit of beam fringe compensation and field size reduction for iso‐normal tissue complication probability dose escalation in radiotherapy of lung cancer (2003)

To assess the benefit of beam fringe (50%-90% dose level) sharpening for lung tumors, we performed a numerical simulation in which all geometrical errors (breathing motion, random and systematic errors) are included. A 50 mm diameter lung tumor, located centrally in a lung-equivalent phantom was modeled. Treatment plans were designed with varying number and direction of beams, both with and without the use of intensity modulation to sharpen the beam fringe. Field size and prescribed dose were varied under the constraint of a constant mean lung dose of 20 Gy, which yields a predicted complication probability of about 10%. After numerical simulation of the effect of setup errors and breathing, the resulting dose distribution was evaluated using the minimum dose and the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) in the moving clinical target volume (CTV). When the dose in the CTV was constrained between 95% and 107% of the prescribed dose, the maximum attainable EUD was 71 Gy for a four-field noncoplanar technique with simple conformal beams. When penumbra sharpening was applied using a single beam segment at the edge of the open field, this EUD could be raised to 87 Gy. For a hypothetical infinitely steep penumbra, further escalation to an EUD of 104 Gy was possible. When the dose in the CTV was not constrained, a large escalation of the EUD was possible compared to the constrained case. In this case, the maximum attainable EUD for open fields was 115 Gy, using the four-field noncoplanar technique. The benefit of penumbra sharpening was only modest, with no increase of the EUD for the single-segment technique and a small increase to 125 Gy for the infinitely steep penumbra. From these results we conclude that beam fringe sharpening in combination with field-size reduction leads to a large increase in EUD when a homogeneous target dose is pursued. Further escalation of the EUD is possible when the homogeneity constrained is relaxed, but the relative benefit of beam-fringe sharpening then decreases.
Defect Properties of CuInS2 Single Crystals Grown by Horizontal Bridgman Method with Controlling S Vapor Pressure (2001)

We have analyzed the lattice defects of CuInS 2 bulk single crystals prepared by the horizontal Bridgman method with controlling S vapor pressure. The grown crystals have p-type conduction and electrical resistivities of more than 10 3 Ω·cm at room temperature. From measurements of the Hall effect, photoluminescence, optical absorption and photoconductivity, the activation energies of acceptors in CuInS 2 crystals are shown to be of 85 meV, 115 meV and 360 meV, which are respectively ascribed to Cu-vacancies, In-vacancies and extrinsic impurities; whereas donors of 35 meV activation energy are ascribed to S-vacancies.
Syntheses of Molybdenum Adamantylimido and t-Butylimido Alkylidene Chloride Complexes Using HCl and Diphenylmethylphosphine (2017)

Reactions between Mo(N-<i>t</i>-Bu)<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>-<i>t</i>-Bu)<sub>2</sub> or Mo(NAdamantyl)<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>CMe<sub>2</sub>Ph)<sub>2</sub> and 3 equiv of HCl in the presence of 1 equiv of PPh<sub>2</sub>Me yield Mo(NR)(CHR')(PPh<sub>2</sub>Me)Cl<sub>2</sub> complexes, from which Mo(NR)(CHR')(PPh<sub>2</sub>Me)(OAr)Cl complexes (OAr = a 2,6-terphenoxide) can be prepared. The Mo(NR)(CHR')(PPh<sub>2</sub>Me)(OAr)Cl complexes were evaluated as cross-metathesis catalysts between cyclooctene and <i>Z</i>-1,2-dichloroethylene. The efficiencies of the test reaction for complexes in which OAr = OTPP, OHMT, OHIPT, or OHTBT (where OTPP is 2,3,5,6-tetraphenylphenoxide, OHMT is hexamethylterphenoxide, OHIPT is hexaisopropylterphenoxide, and OHTBT is hexa-<i>t-</i>butylterphenoxide) maximize when OAr is OHMT or OHIPT. Mo(N-<i>t</i>-Bu)(CH-<i>t</i>-Bu)(PPh<sub>2</sub>Me)Cl<sub>2</sub> is essentially inactive for the reaction between cyclooctene and <i>Z</i>-1,2-dichloroethylene. X-ray structural studies were carried out on Mo(NAd)(CHCMe<sub>2</sub>Ph)(PPh<sub>2</sub>Me)Cl<sub>2</sub>, Mo(N-<i>t</i>-Bu)(CH-<i>t</i>-Bu)(PPh<sub>2</sub>Me)(OHMT)Cl, Mo(NAd)(CHCMe<sub>2</sub>Ph)(Cl)(OHTBT)(PMe<sub>3</sub>), and [Mo(NAd)(CHCMe<sub>2</sub>Ph)(PMe<sub>3</sub>)(Cl)]<sub>2</sub>(<i>μ</i>-O), the product of the reaction between Mo(NAd)(CHCMe<sub>2</sub>Ph)(Cl)(OHTBT)(PMe<sub>3</sub>) and 0.5 equiv of water.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enynes Through Condensation of Acetylides with Vinylcarbamates under Nickel (0) Catalysis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Observation of top quark pairs produced in association with a vector boson in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV (2016)

Measurements of the cross sections for top quark pairs produced in association with a W or Z boson are presented, using 8 TeV pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb -1 , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Final states are selected in which the associated W boson decays to a charged lepton and a neutrino or the Z boson decays to two charged leptons. Signal events are identified by matching reconstructed objects in the detector to specific final state particles from t tW or t tZ decays. The t tW cross section is measured to be 382 +117 -102 fb with a significance of 4.8 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. The t tZ cross section is measured to be 242 +65
Efficient Synthesis of Imidazoles from Aldehydes and 1,2‐Diketones Using Microwave Irradiation. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A 7nm FinFET technology featuring EUV patterning and dual strained high mobility channels (2016)

We present a 7nm technology with the tightest contacted poly pitch (CPP) of 44/48nm and metallization pitch of 36nm ever reported in FinFET technology. To overcome optical lithography limits, Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUV) has been introduced for multiple critical levels for the first time. Dual strained channels have been also implemented to enhance mobility for high performance applications.
Rate parameters for oxygen and carbon monoxide binding to a liposome-embedded heme under physiological conditions (1985)

Rate parameters for oxygen and carbon monoxide binding to a liposome-embedded heme were measured under physiological conditions (pH 7.0 at 37 °C) by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The rate constants were similar to those of red blood cells in suspension. It is concluded that liposome-embedded heme is a suitable model to study the binding of gaseous molecules to red blood cells.