gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-ion beam photodissociation studies of ionic cluster fragments of transition-metal carbonyls (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser-ion beam photodissociation studies of ionic cluster fragments of transition-metal carbonylsR. E. Tecklenburg Jr. and D. H. RussellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 25, 7654–7662Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00259a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00259a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monte Carlo PET camera modelling for proton range evaluation in proton therapy (2011)

Proton therapy is a conformal method for dose delivery in sensitive regions. Offline PET monitoring has been proposed as proton irradiation produces positron emitters such as <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> C and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> O [1]. Generally, the proposed methods consist in comparing a Monte Carlo simulation of the positron emitters produced during irradiation with PET measurements. Simulations can be performed using FLUKA [2] or GEANT4 [3] toolkit. Simulations are then convolved by a Gaussian function to account for the PET acquisition process. Such method assumes that the point spread function is constant within the tomograph field of view and that the PET camera is detecting all decay events. However the PET sensitivity is generally close to few percent. The aim is to investigate the contribution of the PET camera modelling either using a Monte-Carlo modelling of the PET camera with GATE [4] toolkit or a Gaussian post filtering of the distribution of the positron emitters for proton monitoring using PET. Experimental data were obtained from two single Bragg peaks in plexiglass. As expected the image statistics differs between the two camera modelling. However the range difference estimation observed was the same in homogeneous phantoms.
Performance Measurement Using TWAMP Light and STAMP for Segment Routing Networks (2020)

Segment Routing (SR) leverages the source routing paradigm. SR is
applicable to both Multiprotocol Label Switching (SR-MPLS) and IPv6
(SRv6) data planes. This document specifies procedure for sending and
processing probe query and response messages for Performance
Measurement (PM) in Segment Routing networks. The procedure uses the
messages defined in RFC 5357 (Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol
(TWAMP) Light) and Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP)
for Delay Measurement, and uses the messages defined in this document
for Loss Measurement. The procedure specified is applicable to SR-
MPLS and SRv6 data planes and is used for both Links and end-to-end SR
Policies.
No Science Fair? No Problem. Engaging Students in Science Communication through Peer Review and Publication in a Remote World (2022)

Since March 2020, in-person science competitions have been cancelled or moved to a virtual space. This reality has encouraged teachers and students to find alternative ways to disseminate student research and participate in a scientific community. Participating in the peer review and publication of one's research offers one such alternative. The <i>Journal of Emerging Investigators</i> (<i>JEI</i>) is a free, online, peer-reviewed science journal specifically for middle school and high school students. <i>JEI</i> provides students the opportunity to engage with professional scientists through the peer review process and share their research with a broad audience, all on a remote platform. This article describes resources that are freely available to help teachers navigate the peer review and publication processes and guide their students through the successful completion of submission and publication of their research papers. Overall, students perceive the experience as attainable and found the <i>JEI</i> resources useful in completing their papers. Importantly, students expressed that the experience of publication increased their confidence and interest in STEM.
An atom-switch-based field-programmable gate array with optimized driving capability buffer (2019)

Abstract An atom-switch field-programmable gate array (AS-FPGA) uses a simple crossbar switch structure for signal routing. An AS-crossbar switch enables a shorter delay thanks to single-stage routing and the low capacitance of the AS, unlike a routing block which uses multi-stage multiplexers in a conventional static random access memory FPGA. However, the output of a crossbar switch has a variable load capacitance for different fan-outs when the application circuit is mapped on an AS-FPGA. The buffer driving capability for the crossbar switch needs to be carefully designed since there is a trade-off relationship between energy and delay. An optimized buffer reduces the energy–delay product (EDP) of the AS-crossbar switch by 22.3% compared with a non-optimized buffer.
Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses (2002)

It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that during laser pulse filamentation in air an intense ultrashort third-harmonic pulse is generated forming a two-colored filament. The third-harmonic pulse maintains both its peak intensity and energy over distances much longer than the characteristic coherence length. We argue that this is due to a nonlinear phase-locking mechanism between the two pulses in the filament and is independent of the initial material wave-vector mismatch. A rich spatiotemporal propagation dynamics of the third-harmonic pulse is predicted. Potential applications of this phenomenon to other parametric processes are discussed.
Comparative Assessment of Ergonomic Experience with Heads-Up Display and Conventional Surgical Microscope in the Operating Room (2021)

This study indicates that heads-up display may be an important tool for wellness in the operating room as it can benefit ophthalmic surgeons across several ergonomic measures.
EMERALDS (1999)

EMERALDS (Extensible Microkernel for Embedded, ReAL-time, Distributed Systems) is a real-time microkernel designed for small-memory embedded applications. These applications must run on slow (15-25MHz) processors with just 32-128 kbytes of memory, either to keep production costs down in mass-produced systems or to keep weight and power consumption low. To be feasible for such applications, the OS must not only be small in size (less than 20 kbytes), but also have low-overhead kernel services. Unlike commercial embedded OSs which rely on carefully-crafted code to achieve efficiency, EMERALDS takes the approach of re-designing the basic OS services of task scheduling, synchronization, communication, and system call mechanism by using characteristics found in small-memory embedded systems, such as small code size and a priori knowledge of task execution and communication patterns. With these new schemes, the overheads of various OS services are reduced 20-40% without compromising any OS functionality.
Onset of laser ablation in CaF 2 crystal under excimer laser irradiation (2002)

With the widespread application of excimer lasers for micro- processing, optically transparent materials in the UV region have become more important as optical components. The transparent materials currently available commercially are silica glass and fluoride crystals, CaF<SUB>2</SUB> and MgF<SUB>2</SUB>. The resistance of these materials against cumulative irradiation of excimer lasers is required from the viewpoint of application, and it is important to clarify the mechanisms of the optical damage on these materials. In this paper, we report the onset of laser ablation, that is, the initiation of optical breakdown and plume formation, in CaF<SUB>2</SUB> crystal under cumulative irradiation of an ArF excimer laser. When the laser fluence is below the ablation threshold, a blue luminescence due to self-trapped exciton is observed from the whole laser-irradiated region. When the fluence ins increased near the threshold, successive irradiation finally cause a bright, localized luminescence due to the initiation of laser ablation. SEM images of the laser-damaged region show two features: (1) a small bump with pits of the order of 0.1 micrometers formed by UV laser absorption and following local heating, (2) small cracks with triangular fragments caused by mechanisms stress under local heating.
A reference high-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherm for ammonium ZSM-5 zeolite: results of an interlaboratory study (2018)

This paper reports the results of an international interlaboratory study led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on the measurement of high-pressure surface excess carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms on NIST Reference Material RM 8852 (ammonium ZSM-5 zeolite), at 293.15 K (20 °C) from 1 kPa up to 4.5 MPa. Eleven laboratories participated in this exercise and, for the first time, high-pressure adsorption reference data are reported using a reference material. An empirical reference equation <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac><mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo>exp</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mfenced><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>ln</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mfrac> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:math> [<i>n</i> <sub><i>ex</i></sub> -surface excess uptake (mmol/g), <i>P</i>-equilibrium pressure (MPa), <i>a</i> = -6.22, <i>b</i> = 1.97, <i>c</i> = 4.73, and <i>d</i> = 3.87] along with the 95% uncertainty interval (<i>U</i> <sub><i>k</i> = 2</sub> = 0.075 mmol/g) were determined for the reference isotherm using a Bayesian, Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Together, this zeolitic reference material and the associated adsorption data provide a means for laboratories to test and validate high-pressure adsorption equipment and measurements. Recommendations are provided for measuring reliable high-pressure adsorption isotherms using this material, including activation procedures, data processing methods to determine surface excess uptake, and the appropriate equation of state to be used.
Distribution of histo-blood group antigens in cervical and uterine endometrium. (1991)

Cell surface carbohydrates serve as differentiation and developmental markers characteristic of different cell and tissue types. Expression of these carbohydrate antigens is often significantly altered in tumors particularly in those arising from epithelial tissues. Analysis of the expression of cell surface carbohydrates in normal endometrium has shown that this glycosylation is hormonally influenced. Change in expression of carbohydrates in malignant tissue should therefore be evaluated against this normal fluctuation. In normal cervical uterine epithelium the result shows that the glycosylation of metaplastic squamous cells is different from that of original squamous cells indicating that the regulation and differentiation of the epithelium in the transformation zone is different from that of the original squamous epithelium. This variation in expression of carbohydrates seen in the metaplastic epithelium may be of importance for the development of carcinomas in this area.
Bias-Stress Effect in 1,2-Ethanedithiol-Treated PbS Quantum Dot Field-Effect Transistors (2012)

We investigate the bias-stress effect in field-effect transistors (FETs) consisting of 1,2-ethanedithiol-treated PbS quantum dot (QD) films as charge transport layers in a top-gated configuration. The FETs exhibit ambipolar operation with typical mobilities on the order of μ(e) = 8 × 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) in n-channel operation and μ(h) = 1 × 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) in p-channel operation. When the FET is turned on in n-channel or p-channel mode, the established drain-source current rapidly decreases from its initial magnitude in a stretched exponential decay, manifesting the bias-stress effect. The choice of dielectric is found to have little effect on the characteristics of this bias-stress effect, leading us to conclude that the associated charge-trapping process originates within the QD film itself. Measurements of bias-stress-induced time-dependent decays in the drain-source current (I(DS)) are well fit to stretched exponential functions, and the time constants of these decays in n-channel and p-channel operation are found to follow thermally activated (Arrhenius) behavior. Measurements as a function of QD size reveal that the stressing process in n-channel operation is faster for QDs of a smaller diameter while stress in p-channel operation is found to be relatively invariant to QD size. Our results are consistent with a mechanism in which field-induced nanoscale morphological changes within the QD film result in screening of the applied gate field. This phenomenon is entirely recoverable, which allows us to repeatedly observe bias stress and recovery characteristics on the same device. This work elucidates aspects of charge transport in chemically treated lead chalcogenide QD films and is of relevance to ongoing investigations toward employing these films in optoelectronic devices.
A Terabit Optical Link in Silicon (2015)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2015
Surface Passivation for Si Solar Cells: A Combination of Advanced Surface Cleaning and Thermal Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 (2010)

Thermal atomic layer deposit ion (ALD) of Al2O3 provides an adequate level of surface passivat ion for both p-type and n-type Si solar cells. To obtain the most qualitat ive and uniform surface passivat ion adv anced cleaning development is required. The studied pre-deposit ion t reatments include an HF (Si-H) or oxidizing (Si-OH) last step and finish with simple hot -air drying or more sophist icated Marangoni drying. To examine the quality and uniformity of surface passivat ion - after cleaning and Al2O3 deposit ion - carrier density imaging (CDI) and quasisteady- state photo-conductance (QSSPC) are applied. A hydrophilic surface clean that leads to improved surface passivat ion level is found. Si-H start ing surfaces lead to equivalent passivat ion quality but worse passivat ion uniformity. The hydrophilic surface clean is preferred because it is thermodynamically stable, enables higher and more uniform ALD growth and consequent ly exhibits bet ter surface passivat ion uniformity.
Monitoring HIV Patients with CD4 Point-of-Care (POC) Instruments: Are Those Technologies Good Enough? (2013)

Copyright: © 2013 Kestens L. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Antiretroviral treatment roll-out in low-income countries has been relatively successful and covers approximately 25% of the HIV infected population. The target of UNAIDS is to treat 50% of all HIV patients by 2015 [1]. The decision to start treatment of HIV patients is based on clinical symptoms and on the degree of immune deficiency which is measured by counting the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. According to current treatment guidelines, patients with less than 350 CD4 cells per μl blood are eligible for antiretroviral treatment [2].
Assorted Mutations in the Envelope Gene of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lead to Loss of Neutralization Resistance against Antibodies Representing a Broad Spectrum of Specificities (2003)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) of macaques isolate SIVmac239 is highly resistant to neutralization by polyclonal antisera or monoclonal antibodies, a property that it shares with most primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). This resistance is important for the ability of the virus to persist at high levels in vivo. To explore the physical features of the viral envelope complex that contribute to the neutralization-resistant phenotype, we examined a panel of SIVmac239 derivatives for sensitivity to neutralization by a large collection of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These MAbs recognize both linear and conformational epitopes throughout the viral envelope proteins. The variant viruses included three derivatives of SIVmac239 with substitutions in specific N-linked glycosylation sites of gp120 and a fourth variant that lacked the 100 amino acids that encompass the V1 and V2 loops. Also included in this study was SIVmac316, a variant of SIVmac239 with distributed mutations in env that confer significantly increased replicative capacity in tissue macrophages. These viruses were chosen to represent a broad range of neutralization sensitivities based on susceptibility to pooled, SIV-positive plasma. All three of these very different kinds of mutations (amino acid substitutions, elimination of N-glycan attachment sites, and a 100-amino-acid deletion spanning variable loops V1 and V2) dramatically increased sensitivity to neutralization by MAbs from multiple competition groups. Thus, the mutations did not simply expose localized epitopes but rather conferred global increases in neutralization sensitivity. The removal of specific N-glycan attachment sites from V1 and V2 led to increased sensitivity to neutralization by antibodies recognizing epitopes from both within and outside of the V1-V2 sequence. Surprisingly, while most of the mutations that gave rise to increased sensitivity were located in the N-terminal half of gp120 (surface subunit [SU]), the greatest increases in sensitivity were to MAbs recognizing the C-terminal half of gp120 or the ectodomain of gp41 (transmembrane subunit [TM]). This reagent set and information should now be useful for defining the physical, structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic factors that influence relative sensitivity to antibody-mediated neutralization.
Residual Seq2Seq model for Building energy management (2019)

According to the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), the global urbanization rate is expected to reach 68% in 30 years from 55% in 2018. As global urbanization progresses, the proportion of total energy consumption consumed in buildings is increasing, and efficient energy management in buildings is becoming increasingly important in terms of efficient use of global natural resources and air quality management. This paper presents an implementation detail of the energy consumption prediction deep learning model for efficient building energy management. The developed model is multilayer LSTM seq2seq model which predicts energy consumption for one day by using environmental data and energy consumption data measured in a real testbed. In a multi-zone building, one zone of data is used, which is characterized by the fact that data patterns over time are not neatly repeated. This paper presents deep learning depth and performance changes as adding layers of seq2seq model in building energy consumption forecasting. In addition, it presents performance comparison with other algorithms.
Eine kompakte Quelle kohärenter Röntgenstrahlen im „Wasserfenster” (1998)

Abstract Für Strukturuntersuchungen an biologischen Objekten besteht dringender Bedarf an Quellen für kohärente Röntgenstrahlen im „Wasserfenster”︁. In diesem Wellenlängenbereich im extremen Ultraviolett läßt sich der Kohlenstoff der biologischen Strukturen gut vom Sauerstoff des Wassers unterscheiden. Als Alternative zu komplexen Anlagen (Speichering, Röntgenlaser mit multi‐kJ‐Pumplaser) bietet sich eine neuartige kompakte Quelle an, die auf der Anregung hoher Harmonischer mit einem Femtosekunden‐Laserpuls in einem Helium‐Gasjet beruht. Die erzeugten ultrakurzen Röntgenpulse eröffnen für die zeitaufgelöste Spektroskopie neue Perspektiven und können Intensitäten erreichen, die Experimente zur nichtlinearen Optik im extremen Ultraviolett denkbar machen.
Dataset for Slitted leading edge profiles for the reduction of turbulence-aerofoil interaction noise (2018)

Aerofoils operating in a turbulent flow are an efficient source of noise radiation by scattering vorticity into sound at the leading edge. Much work has now been undertaken demonstrating the effectiveness by which serrations, or undulations, introduced onto the leading edge can substantially reduce broadband leading edge interaction noise. However, all of this work is focused on sinusoidal leading edge serration profiles. In this paper, an alternative profile is proposed that is capable of providing significantly greater noise reductions than the maximum noise reductions that can be achieved by single-wavelength serrations of the same peak-to-root amplitude. In its most general realization, the leading edge serration profiles simply comprise a sawtooth or single wavelength serration, for which every root has a single narrow slit. This simple geometry, upon interaction with a turbulent flow, produces compact source regions at either ends of the slit, which then destructively interfere, leading to considerably less efficient noise radiation than conventional single-wavelength geometries. The paper will demonstrate experimentally that even slits by themselves can provide greater levels of noise reduction than conventional profiles of the same peak-to-root amplitude.