gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence and evolution of Criegee intermediates, hydroperoxides and secondary organic aerosols formedviaozonolysis of α-pinene (2020)

α-Pinene, the most abundant monoterpene in the atmosphere, accounts for more than 50% of global monoterpene emission. Though its reaction with ozone has been generally perceived as a major source of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), direct evidence of its reaction intermediates (RI) and their evolution remain lacking. Here we study the ozonolysis of α-pinene between 180 and 298 K using a long-path, temperature-variable aerosol cooling chamber coupled to a rapid-scan time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The spectroscopic signatures of large Criegee intermediates (CIs) and hydroperoxides (HPs) were found for the first time. The aerosol size evolution during the reaction was also measured. In contrast to a previous perception, we show that temperature plays a determinant role in the ozonolysis kinetics. Finally, we show that the formation of HPs is an energetically favorable pathway to dissipate CIs. This study provides new insights into the ozonolysis of α-pinene and its contribution to SOA formation.
Two-color photoionization of naphthalene and benzene at threshold (1981)

We observe the resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) spectrum of naphthalene and benzene at and just above the first ionization potential in a supersonic molecular beam. For naphthalene, the spectrum consists of direct ionization step functions indicating the relative Franck–Condon factors for transitions into the ground state ion. The spacings observed between these steps measure the ν8̄ vibrational frequency in the naphthalene ion. The electric field dependence of these steps is found to be consistent with a field ionization red shift of the thresholds. In benzene we observe similar direct ionization. Superimposed on the threshold steps, however, are broad features (∼100 cm−1) due to vibrational autoionization of Rydberg states at this same energy. Implications of this data on the observation of high Rydbergs in such large organic molecules are discussed.
Key Determining Factors for the Emitting Dipole Orientation of Exciplexes (2023)

Abstract Exciplexes have attracted interest as hosts and emitters that provide high efficiency and long lifetimes in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the emitting dipole orientation (EDO) of exciplexes has been overlooked despite its importance for high efficiency. In this work, the EDO of exciplexes is investigated by changing the p‐type host. Various p‐type hosts are mixed with 2,4,6‐tris[3‐(diphenylphosphinyl)phenyl]‐1,3,5‐triazine for exciplex formation. The EDO of the exciplexes is aligned vertically with p‐type hosts having hydrophobic or electron‐poor central units while dispersing the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) at the end of the molecules, whereas it is isotropic with p‐type hosts having widely distributed HOMO on the whole molecular structure without any orientation‐managing central unit. The results show that EDO can be correlated with the outcoupling efficiency of exciplex OLEDs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Polymers Formed from Self‐Complementary Monomers Using Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure Legend from RapidCaP, a Novel GEM Model for Metastatic Prostate Cancer Analysis and Therapy, Reveals Myc as a Driver of <i>Pten</i>-Mutant Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 94K, Cho et al Supplementary Figures S1-S8&lt;/p&gt;
Recent progress in the generation and use of nitrogen-centred radicals (2008)

Nitrogen-centred radicals hold much promise as useful synthetic intermediates. Even though their popularity is still extremely limited and very far from matching that of carbon radicals, the recent development of various routes allowing their generation under mild conditions and a better appreciation of their reactivity thanks to the increased availability of absolute rate constants should encourage their use. It is hoped that this tutorial review will help increase the awareness of synthetic chemists and help revive the interest in these forgotten species.
A line scanned light-sheet microscope with phase shaped self-reconstructing beams (2010)

We recently demonstrated that Microscopy with Self-Reconstructing Beams (MISERB) increases both image quality and penetration depth of illumination beams in strongly scattering media. Based on the concept of line scanned light-sheet microscopy, we present an add-on module to a standard inverted microscope using a scanned beam that is shaped in phase and amplitude by a spatial light modulator. We explain technical details of the setup as well as of the holograms for the creation, positioning and scaling of static light-sheets, Gaussian beams and Bessel beams. The comparison of images from identical sample areas illuminated by different beams allows a precise assessment of the interconnection between beam shape and image quality. The superior propagation ability of Bessel beams through inhomogeneous media is demonstrated by measurements on various scattering media.
On diffusion processes with variable drift rates as models for decision making during learning (2008)

We investigate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and diffusion processes with variable drift rates as models of evidence accumulation in a visual discrimination task. We derive power-law and exponential drift-rate models and characterize how parameters of these models affect the psychometric function describing performance accuracy as a function of stimulus strength and viewing time. We fit the models to psychophysical data from monkeys learning the task to identify parameters that best capture performance as it improves with training. The most informative parameter was the overall drift rate describing the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensory evidence used to form the decision, which increased steadily with training. In contrast, secondary parameters describing the time course of the drift during motion viewing did not exhibit steady trends. The results indicate that relatively simple versions of the diffusion model can fit behavior over the course of training, thereby giving a quantitative account of learning effects on the underlying decision process.
Leptin Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Hypertension Independent of Obesity (2002)

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that regulates food intake and energy expenditure. Recent functional studies have suggested a direct effect of leptin on blood pressure. In this study we examined the genetic association of the leptin gene polymorphism with obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. A highly polymorphic tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 3'-flanking region of the leptin gene was examined. The alleles of the polymorphism consisted of two groups with different size distributions: a shorter one (class I) and a longer one (class II). The frequency of class I/class I genotype was much higher in hypertensive subjects than in control subjects (13.5% vs. 3.4%; P = 0.0027). No significant difference in body mass index was observed with different genotypes in either patients with hypertension or control subjects. Insulin responses to glucose and insulin sensitivity were not different among patients with different genotypes. The leptin gene polymorphism was associated with hypertension independent of obesity. These data together with recent functional data on the direct effect of leptin on blood pressure suggest that the leptin gene and its product, leptin, are an attractive target for studies on the mechanisms of hypertension and for the development of methods for the prediction, prevention, and therapy for hypertension.
At What Cost Does a Potential Survival Advantage of Bevacizumab Make Sense for the Primary Treatment of Ovarian Cancer? A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (2011)

The addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer is not cost effective. Treatment with maintenance bevacizumab leads to improved PFS but is associated with both direct and indirect costs. The cost effectiveness of bevacizumab in the adjuvant treatment of ovarian cancer is primarily dependent on drug costs.
May Road Well, Accrington (1899)

Journal Article May Road Well, Accrington Get access Henry Taylor Henry Taylor 1Birklands, Sonthport Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-IV, Issue 101, 2 December 1899, Page 465, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-IV.101.465a Published: 02 December 1899
Interleukin-6 antisense oligonucleotides inhibit the growth of human myeloma cell lines. (1991)

IL-6 has been shown to be a plasmacytoma growth factor in mice and is believed to play a key role in the development of human multiple myeloma. We investigated the IL-6 requirements for the growth of two human myeloma cell lines, U 266 and RPMI 8226. These cell lines secreted minute amounts of IL-6 (20 U/ml) and featured IL-6 mRNA. IL-6 receptors were detectable at the surface of malignant cells by immunofluorescence. Antibodies to IL-6 did not alter the proliferation of these myeloma cells. There was a dose-dependent decrease, however, in [3H]-thymidine uptake in the presence of IL-6 antisense (and not sense) oligodeoxynucleotides; in the presence of 20 microM IL-6 antisense, an 80 and 95% inhibition of the proliferation of U 266 and RPMI 8226 cells was observed, respectively. These results provide strong evidence for an IL-6 autocrine proliferation of myeloma cells which may occur via internal interaction between IL-6 and the IL-6 receptor.
Software Agents: Enabling Dynamic Supply Chain Management for a Build to Order Product Line (2002)

Some dynamic supply chain problems are instances of a class of distributed optimization problems that intelligent agents were made to address. Agents are thus a natural enabling technology for such problems. In this paper we describe the use of TÆMS agent technologies on a sterilized dynamic supply chain management problem. 1
Differentiated Quality of Protection to Improve Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks (2013)

A differentiated quality of protection scheme is evaluated in terms of energy efficiency for fixed-grid WDM and flexible-grid OFDM-based networks. Significant energy savings can be achieved by exploiting the heterogeneous protection requirements.
Integration of large single-grain Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 into low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors for system-on-glass display (2014)

A large single-grain Pb(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub> (PZT) film was integrated into low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors fabricated on a glass substrate.
Polyphosphate expression by cancer cell extracellular vesicles mediates binding of factor XII and contact activation (2021)

Extracellular vesicles (EV) have been implicated in diverse biological processes, including intracellular communication, transport of nucleic acids, and regulation of vascular function. Levels of EVs are elevated in cancer, and studies suggest that EV may stimulate thrombosis in patients with cancer through expression of tissue factor. However, limited data also implicate EV in the activation of the contact pathway of coagulation through activation of factor XII (FXII) to FXIIa. To better define the ability of EV to initiate contact activation, we compared the ability of EV derived from different cancer cell lines to activate FXII. EV from all cell lines activated FXII, with those derived from pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines demonstrating the most potent activity. Concordant with the activation of FXII, EV induced the cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) to cleaved kininogen. We also observed that EVs from patients with cancer stimulated FXII activation and HK cleavage. To define the mechanisms of FXII activation by EV, EV were treated with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase or Escherichia coli exopolyphosphatase to degrade polyphosphate; this treatment blocked binding of FXII to EVs and the ability of EV to mediate FXII activation. In vivo, EV induced pulmonary thrombosis in wild-type mice, with protection conferred by a deficiency in FXII, HK, or prekallikrein. Moreover, pretreatment of EVs with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase inhibited their prothrombotic effect. These results indicate that polyphosphate mediates the binding of contact factors to EV and that EV-associated polyphosphate may contribute to the prothrombotic effects of EV in cancer.
Improvement of Electrode/ Electrolyte Interfaces in Graphite/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Batteries at High Voltage with Lithium Trimethyl Alkyl Borates As Electrolyte Additives (2015)

Lithium trimethyl alkyl and aryl borates (LTMB) has been prepared and investigated as a novel cathode film forming additive to improve the performance of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cathodes cycled to high potential (4.8 V). Addition of LTMB to 1.2 M LiPF 6 in EC/EMC (3/7) improves the capacity retention of graphite/LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cells cycled at 55 o C. The added LTMB is sacrificially oxidized on the surface of the cathode during the first charging cycle. The LTMBs can be used as a functional group delivery agent via reaction of trimethyl borate with of the appropriate lithium alkoxide. Over 40 different LTMBs have been prepared and investigated. Ex-situ surface analysis of the LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 by Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals inhibition of electrolyte oxidation on the cathode surface and the presence of a borate based passivating layer. The novel cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) leads to the performance improvements.
Current Trends of Research Productivity among Students Matching at Top Ophthalmology Programs (2022)

<b>Importance</b> San Francisco Match publishes no data on the research output of matched applicants to an ophthalmology residency. <b>Objective</b> The aim of this study was to examine the temporal trends in publication volume by medical students who successfully matched into a top ophthalmology residency. <b>Methods</b> This retrospective case series compared all residents in the top 30 ophthalmology residency programs from the class of 2022 and 2017. Publication volume from before September 15th of the residents' fourth year of medical school was recorded using PubMed and Google Scholar. We recorded total number of publications (any authorship), first/second author publications, and ophthalmology-specific publications. Using Welch's <i>t</i> -test, publication volumes were statistically compared against all others. <b>Results</b> One-hundred sixty-one residents from the class of 2022 and 145 residents from the class of 2017 were included. Total publications per matched applicant (mean ± standard deviation) were 3.04 ± 0.35 for the class of 2022 and 1.67 ± 0.23 for the class of 2017. Mean publications in ophthalmology journals were 1.07 ± 0.20 (2022) and 0.58 ± 0.13 (2017); mean first author publications were 1.00 ± 0.13 (2022) and 0.64 ± 0.11 (2017) and mean second author publications were 0.70 ± 0.10 (2022) and 0.37 ± 0.06 (2017). Research productivity in all four metrics (total, ophthalmology journals, first author, and second author publications) was significantly higher for the class of 2022 than the class of 2017 ( <i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>p</i> = 0.03; <i>p</i> = 0.03; <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively) supporting the trend of increasing research output among students. Applicants with PhD degrees had statistically more total and first author publications in 2017 ( <i>p</i> = 0.01; <i>p</i> = 0.045), but only more first author publications in 2022 ( <i>p</i> = 0.01). International applicants produced significantly more total publications in 2022 ( <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b> Overall, after a 5-year period, the authors found matched applicants had significantly increased publications compared with those at the beginning of the period. We also identified several applicant factors that may have variable effects on research publication. This analysis emphasizes the growing importance of research in the match process and can help future applicants navigate the ophthalmology match.
Histidine Decarboxylase (HDC) as Novel Marker of Immature Neoplastic Mast Cells in Systemic Mastocytosis. (2004)

Abstract Synthesis of histamine in hematopoietic progenitor cells may be one of the earliest events in mast cell-development from pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cells. In the present study, we asked whether the key enzyme involved in histamine generation, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), can be employed as an immunohistochemical marker for the detection of (neoplastic) mast cells (MC) in patients with cutaneous (CM) or systemic mastocytosis (SM). To address this question, we examined bone marrow biopsy specimens in a cohort of 101 patients (CM, n=10; indolent SM, n=46; SM with associated clonal non-MC lineage disease, n=31; aggressive SM, n=10; MC leukemia, n=3; MC sarcoma, n=1) using an antibody against HDC. Independent of the maturation stage of MC or subtype of disease, the anti-HDC antibody produced clear diagnostic staining results in all patients with bone marrow involvement examined including those with MC leukemia and MC sarcoma, in which MC are particularly immature and often escape analysis when examined by conventional stains. In these patients (MC leukemia, n=2; MC sarcoma, n=1), expression of HDC was reconfirmed at the mRNA level by RT-PCR analysis performed with RNA of highly enriched sorted CD117+ MC. In patients with CM or normal/reactive bone marrow (n=30), no HDC-positive infiltrates were detected. In these patients, only a few hematopoietic cells, presumably basophils, were found to react with the anti-HDC antibody. In summary, HDC is expressed in neoplastic bone marrow MC in patients with SM independent of the maturation stage of cells or the variant of disease. HDC should therefore be considered as a new MC marker in the screen panel of antigens employed to diagnose high grade MC malignancies.
Molecular basis of COVID-19 pathogenesis (2020)

The review summarizes the publications, available at the time it was written, addressing the chemical and biological processes that occur in the human body upon exposure to coronaviruses, in particular SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms of viral particle entry into the cell, viral replication and impact on the immune system and on oxygen transport system are considered. The causes behind complications of the viral infection, such as vasculitis, thrombosis, cytokine storm and lung fibrosis, are discussed. The latest research in the field of small molecule medications to counteract the virus is surveyed. Molecular targets and possible vectors to exploit them are considered. The review is primarily written for specialists who want to understand the chains of activation, replication, action and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Due to the short period of such studies, the data on complexes of small molecule compounds with possible protein targets are not numerous, but they will be useful in the search and synthesis of new potentially effective drugs. The bibliography includes 144 references.
Multilayer near-IR metallo-dielectric zero index metamaterials with matched impedance (2010)

In this study, we report multilayer metallo-dielectric stacks that simultaneously possess a zero refractive index and an impedance match to free space in the near-IR. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the screen geometries and dimensions of the zero index metamaterials (ZIMs) that consisted of alternating gold (Au) and polyimide films. Examples of three- and nine-layer ZIMs are shown. The fabrication procedure and characterization methods of the multilayer metallo-dielectric ZIMs are also described.
Novel technique for estimation of hemodynamic status of rats during hemorrhage and resuscitation (2007)

There is no simple technique to assess the fluid status in rats during hemorrhage and resuscitation. This study tested the ability of ultrasound velocity dilution to monitor absolute volume changes in rats. The blood loss model (5 male Sprague‐Dawley rats) was performed in four steps: 7‐ml/kg body‐weight was withdrawn per step. All the blood was re‐infused in one step, after 40 min. Blood was circulated (8 ml/min) through an extracorporeal AV tubing loop (priming volume 1 ml) that was connected between the carotid artery and the jugular vein in the anesthetized rat. Two flow‐dilution sensors were clamped on the arterial and venous sides of the loop. Isotonic saline (0.2‐0.5 ml) was injected to measure: cardiac output (CO), central blood volume (CBV, volume in lungs and heart) and actively circulating volume (ACV, the blood volume in which the indicator mixes during one minute). A Millar 1.0F pressure (MAP) catheter was placed into the femoral artery. Ultrasound dilution was proved to be an easy tool to investigate the volume status of rats. The data suggests that CBV and ACV are the earliest predictors of blood loss.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Mediated Synthesis of Benzo[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′:5,6‐c′′]trithiophenes and Naphtho[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophenes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ViP-DeepLab: Learning Visual Perception with Depth-aware Video Panoptic Segmentation (2021)

In this paper, we present ViP-DeepLab, a unified model attempting to tackle the long-standing and challenging inverse projection problem in vision, which we model as restoring the point clouds from perspective image sequences while providing each point with instance-level semantic interpretations. Solving this problem requires the vision models to predict the spatial location, semantic class, and temporally consistent instance label for each 3D point. ViP-DeepLab approaches it by jointly performing monocular depth estimation and video panoptic segmentation. We name this joint task as Depth-aware Video Panoptic Segmentation, and propose a new evaluation metric along with two derived datasets for it, which will be made available to the public. On the individual sub-tasks, ViP-DeepLab also achieves state-of-the-art results, outperforming previous methods by 5.1% VPQ on Cityscapes-VPS, ranking 1st on the KITTI monocular depth estimation benchmark, and 1st on KITTI MOTS pedestrian. The datasets and the evaluation codes are made publicly available <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Keto‐Alkenylboronate Esters and 1,4‐Dicarbonyls (2019)

A catalytic enantioselective method for the synthesis of 1,4-keto-alkenylboronate esters by a rhodium-catalyzed conjugate addition pathway is disclosed. A variety of novel, bench-stable alkenyl gem-diboronate esters are synthesized. These easily accessible reagents react smoothly with a collection of cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones, generating a new C-C bond and stereocenter. Products are isolated in up to 99 % yield with greater than 20:1 E/Z and greater than 99:1 e.r. Mechanistic studies show the site-selectivity of transmetalation and reactivity is ligand dependent. The utility of the approach is highlighted by gram-scale synthesis of enantioenriched cyclic 1,4-diketones, and stereoselective transformations of the products by hydrogenation, allylation, and isomerization.