gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and development of tension force measurement system for cable-driven hand exoskeleton robot (2015)

With rapidly growing of aged and disabled population, insufficiency of medical care for those impaired patients, such as shortage of physical therapist has drawn much attention recently. The aim of this paper is devoted to investigation of how tension force in a cable-driven hand exoskeleton robot varies with different engagement of exoskeleton motion under the non-loading condition. A Lagrange model for the hand exoskeleton robot is derived and validated by careful mechatronic measurements with good agreement. Results from the present study suggest the proposed model can accurately estimate the variation profile of cable tension force with different engagement of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints in the hand exoskeleton robot.
Factors influencing the flow and hardness of materials with ultrafine grain sizes (1998)

Ultrafine grain sizes were introduced into an Al-3wt%Mg solid solution alloy and a commercial Al-Mg-Li-Zr alloy through intense plastic straining by equalchannel angular (ECA) pressing at room temperature and at 673 K respectively. Tensile testing of pressed samples at room temperature revealed markedly different stress-strain curves for these two alloys, with the Al-3wt%Mg alloy exhibiting a high yield stress with little subsequent strain hardening and the Al-Mg-Li-Zr alloy exhibiting a lower yield stress and extensive strain hardening after yielding. These and other experimental results are interpreted in terms of the nature of the microstructure introduced by the ECA pressing procedure. It is concluded that significant variations may occur in the mechanical properties of nominally similar ultrafine-grained materials depending upon the pressing conditions and the extent of any relaxation which may occur during the straining process.
Effect of Stress Annealing on the Saturation Magnetostriction of Nanocrystalline Fe$_{73.5}$Cu$_{1}$Nb$_{3}$Si$_{15.5}$B$_{7}$ (2010)

Ribbons of amorphous Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">73.5</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15.5</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> have been crystallized by annealing under tensile stress. As typical for this composition, the annealed ribbons reveal a nanocrystalline structure with low coercivity, near-zero magnetostriction, and a strong creep-induced anisotropy proportional to the annealing stress. The present work shows that the tensile stress, ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> , applied during annealing also affects the saturation magnetostriction ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> . Accordingly, ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> decreases linearly with increasing magnitude of ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> . The samples have an initially small positive magnetostriction and, hence, ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> even changes its sign from positive to negative with increasing annealing stress. This change of sign provides qualitative evidence that the effect is clearly beyond experimental error. Our finding is compared to the elastic stress dependence of the saturation magnetostriction constant. The latter is a well-established phenomena for amorphous Co-base alloys and, as we will demonstrate, can also be observed in nanocrystalline alloys. The results will be discussed theoretically in terms of the strain dependence of the magnetic anisotropy energy which ultimately provides the physical origin of magnetostrictive phenomena.
First measurement of quarkonium polarization in nuclear collisions at the LHC (2021)

The polarization of inclusive J/ and (1S) produced in Pb-Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV at the LHC is measured with the ALICE detector. The study is carried out by reconstructing the quarkonium through its decay to muon pairs in the rapidity region 2.5 < y < 4 and measuring the polar and azimuthal angular distributions of the muons. The polarization parameters , and are measured in the helicity and Collins-Soper reference frames, in the transverse momentum interval 2 < p T < 10 GeV/c and p T < 15 GeV/c for the J/ and (1S), respectively. The polarization parameters for the J/ are found to be compatible with zero, within a maximum of about two standard deviations at low p T , for both reference frames and over the whole p T range. The values are compared with the corresponding results obtained for pp collisions at s = 7 and 8 TeV in a similar kinematic region by the ALICE and LHCb experiments. Although with much larger uncertainties, the polarization parameters for (1S) production in Pb-Pb collisions are also consistent with zero.
Learning from Marine Creatures How to Design Micro-Lenses (2005)

ConclusionMultidisciplinary groups involving materials scientists, chemists, physicists, biologists work togehter trying to understand the mechanisms controlling the formation of elaborate structure of biological minerals. We believe that further studies of biological systems will increase our understanding of how organisms evolved their sophisticated optical structures for survival and adaptation and will provide additional materials concepts and design solutions. Ultimately, these biological principles will improve our current capabilities to fabricate optical elements and contribute to the construction of novel, adaptive, micro-scale optical devices.
Injection-locked composite lasers for mm-wave modulation : LDRD 117819 final report. (2010)

This report summarizes a 3-year LDRD program at Sandia National Laboratories exploring mutual injection locking of composite-cavity lasers for enhanced modulation responses. The program focused on developing a fundamental understanding of the frequency enhancement previously demonstrated for optically injection locked lasers. This was then applied to the development of a theoretical description of strongly coupled laser microsystems. This understanding was validated experimentally with a novel 'photonic lab bench on a chip'.
How Thermal Curing of an Organic Paper Coating Changes Topography, Chemistry, and Wettability (2011)

Celluloses are preferred renewable substrates, but hydrophilicity and porosity disfavor their water resistance. We present here an ecofriendly application of imidized nanoparticles and a method to flexibly tune the surface wettability of papers. The soft nanostructured coating is sensitive to thermal curing, which affects both the surface chemistry and morphology. The thermal stability of the coating is first investigated with conventional and modulated differential scanning calorimetry, revealing influences of the imide content and an endotherm reaction below the glass transition temperature at 120-150 °C. The latter is studied in detail for an appropriate selection of the copolymer precursors. According to diffuse reflection infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV/vis spectroscopy, the endotherm corresponds to an imidization reaction. The morphology of the coatings is followed at various scale levels by contactless roughness measurements and atomic force microscopy. Finally, the experimental values are fitted to the parameters of the Wenzel wetting model, and so-called calibration curves for the relation between contact angles, surface roughness, and surface chemistry are presented. They allow the prediction of the water contact angle of coated papers from the hydrophilic to the hydrophobic range, with a maximum in hydrophobicity after increasing the imide content at 120-150 °C curing.
Crowdfunding and the Democratization of Finance (2021)

A unique collaboration between an academic and a practitioner, this book tells the story of money, from ancient Athens to the Bitcoin revolution, to explain how crowdfunding is the way for people to reclaim the power of their money in pursuit of a fairer and greener society.
Automotive Dual-Function Radar Communications Systems: An Overview (2020)

Future cars will constantly sense the environment and interchange information with their surrounding in order to successfully choose routes, avoid hazards, and comply with traffic regulations. These vehicles will be equipped with multiple sensors, including automotive radar, as well as wireless communications capabilities. The similarity in hardware and signal processing of automotive radar and wireless communications motivates designing these functionalities in a joint manner. Such dual function radar-communications (DFRC) designs are the focus of a large body of recent works. These joint designs lead to substantial gains in size, cost, power consumption, and performance, making them especially important for vehicular applications, where both the radar and communications operate in similar ranges. This paper reviews a wide variety of existing DFRC strategies and their relevance to automotive systems. We discuss the pros and cons of current methods, mapping them in the context of vehicular application, and present the main challenges and possible research directions.
Thrombin Drives Tumorigenesis in Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer (2014)

The established association between inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer underscores the importance of inflammation in colon cancer development. On the basis of evidence that hemostatic proteases are powerful modifiers of both inflammatory pathologies and tumor biology, gene-targeted mice carrying low levels of prothrombin were used to directly test the hypothesis that prothrombin contributes to tumor development in colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). Remarkably, imposing a modest 50% reduction in circulating prothrombin in fII+/- mice, a level that carries no significant bleeding risk, dramatically decreased adenoma formation following an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate challenge. Similar results were obtained with pharmacologic inhibition of prothrombin expression or inhibition of thrombin proteolytic activity. Detailed longitudinal analyses showed that the role of thrombin in tumor development in CAC was temporally associated with the antecedent inflammatory colitis. However, direct studies of the antecedent colitis showed that mice carrying half-normal prothrombin levels were comparable to control mice in mucosal damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and associated local cytokine levels. These results suggest that thrombin supports early events coupled to inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis in CAC that are distinct from overall inflammation-induced tissue damage and inflammatory cell trafficking. That prothrombin is linked to early events in CAC was strongly inferred by the observation that prothrombin deficiency dramatically reduced the formation of very early, precancerous aberrant crypt foci. Given the importance of inflammation in the development of colon cancer, these studies suggest that therapeutic interventions at the level of hemostatic factors may be an effective means to prevent and/or impede colitis-associated colon cancer progression.
Fronthaul Based on Pulse-Width Modulation in RSOA WDM PONs With Broadband and Coherent Seeds (2016)

To avoid the bandwidth expansion of the optical digital fronthaul, recently it has been demonstrated that pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a viable solution for the analog optical fronthaul, as an alternative to standard radio over fiber. The PWM encodes the analog samples at the transmitter onto the duration of the on–off keyed optical signal, splitting the sampling and quantization of the radio signal between remote radio units (RRUs) and baseband units (BBUs). The PWM optical signal can be transmitted over a wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM PON). In this paper we compare the performance of two architectures exploiting reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers externally seeded either by broadband or by coherent lights. The various RRU-to-BBU links are pooled through virtual point-to-point connections at different wavelengths generated by a sliced broadband source or by an array of distributed feedback Bragg (DFB) lasers. In both cases to reduce Rayleigh scattering impairments associated with external seeding, the proposed solution takes advantage of a polarization retracing circuit based on Faraday rotators. We compare the two architectures by evaluating the up-link transmission performance of 100 MHz RF signals over up to 20 km standard single mode fiber employing Long-Term Evolution (LTE) mobile signals with 64-QAM and 256-QAM modulations.
Metformin Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β–Induced Fibrogenic Response of Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Suppresses Fibrosis in Keloid Spheroids (2020)

Accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) and aberrant transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway function can be potential therapeutic targets for keloid treatment. In this study, we examined the antifibrotic effect of metformin as a suppressor of TGF-β signaling pathways in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and keloid spheroids. Human dermal fibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β (10 ng/mL) and treated with metformin (10 mM). The mRNA and protein expression of ECM components were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence assay. In addition, we immunohistochemically examined the expression levels of ECM proteins in keloid spheroids. After addition of metformin (10 mM), collagen types I and III and elastin mRNA levels were significantly decreased in HDFs, and collagen type I protein level was significantly decreased. In addition, the expression levels of collagen types I and III, fibronectin, and elastin were significantly reduced in keloid spheroids after treatment with metformin (100 mM). Collagen types I and III and p-Smad2/3 complex proteins were decreased in metformin-treated keloid spheroids. These findings indicated that metformin inhibits the expression of ECM components in TGF-β-stimulated HDFs and keloid spheroids. Therefore, we suggest the potential of metformin as an effective agent for the treatment of keloids.
Vaccine uptake determinants in The Netherlands (2013)

Despite the high vaccination coverage in The Netherlands, we were able to identify determinants of vaccine uptake by combining existing data sets. This might be an example for other countries. The impact of ethnic background and socio-economic status is not as well known in The Netherlands as the effect of religious objection to vaccination, and deserves more attention. Groups that have a relatively high partial uptake deserve special attention because they do not reject vaccination in general.
Respiratory motion compensation with tracked internal and external sensors during CT-guided procedures (2006)

This paper investigates the possibility of using the motion of a patient's anterior surface in combination with a motion model to compensate for internal respiratory motion during tracked biopsies. Position data from two electromagnetically tracked sensors, one placed on the patient's sternum, the other incorporated into a biopsy needle, were acquired during a liver biopsy. The data were used to evaluate the correlation between the position measurements of the two sensors and to derive an affine motion model to assess respiratory motion compensation for image-guided interventional procedures. The correlation reached up to 94% for ranges of steady respiration. The residual motion of the internal sensor after compensation is reduced by a factor of approximately four.
NMR Studies of Backbone-Alkylated DNA: Duplex Stability, Absolute Stereochemistry, and Chemical Shift Anomalies of Prototypal Isopropyl Phosphotriester Modified Octanucleotides, (Rp,Rp)- and (Sp,Sp)-{d-[GGA(iPr)ATTCC]}2and - {d- [GGAA(iPr)TTCC]}2 (1987)

The DNA octamer (d-[GGAATTCC])2 and four alkylated analogues, (Rp)-(d-[GGA(iPr)ATTCC])2, (Sp)-(d-[GGA(iPr)ATTCC])2, (Rp)-(d-[GGAA(iPr)TTCC])2, and (Sp)-(d-[GGAA(iPr)TTCC])2 have been examined using 1H and 31PNMR spectroscopies. Duplex stability, as monitored by both NMR and optical measurements, is shown to be a function of both site and stereochemistry of the phosphotriester moiety. Chemical shift changes relative to the native octamer indicate that there are long-range perturbations in the isopropylated molecules. 1HNMR is shown to be a general means by which stereochemistry at phosphorous can be determined.
A fast and memory efficient algorithm for down-conversion of an HDTV bitstream to an SDTV signal (1999)

In the future of the digital television (DTV) broadcasting, a standard definition television (SDTV) decoder should have the function of receiving a high definition television (HDTV) signal and display it on its monitor. In order to do so, it is required to convert an HDTV bitstream down to an SDTV signal. In this paper, we propose a fast and memory efficient algorithm for the down-conversion. The proposed algorithm saves lots of computation of the down-conversion by combining inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) with the pixel-domain down-conversion. It also requires a smaller memory by performing motion compensation (MC) after the down-conversion, compared to the conventional scheme where MC is performed before the down-conversion. In the brute-force IDCT case, the computation savings of our proposed algorithm are 62%, 74% and 84% for down-sampling ratios of 2:1, 8:3, and 4:1, respectively, with the same picture quality compared to the conventional memory efficient pixel-domain approach. In the case of using a fast IDCT algorithm, the computational savings are respectively 25%, 31% and 37% for down-sampling ratios of 2:1, 8:3, and 4:1.
Glutaredoxin overexpression inhibits angiogenesis in vivo through regulation of soluble VEGFR1 (2013)

Glutaredoxin‐1 (Glrx) catalyzes the reduction of protein mixed disulfides (PSSG) and regulates function of proteins with redox‐sensitive thiols. We used Glrx transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Glrx overexpression on angiogenesis in vivo. Tg mice had impaired blood flow recovery and lower clinical function scores in an in vivo model of hind limb ischemia (HLI). VEGF‐induced aortic spouting and endothelial cell (EC) tube formation were attenuated in aortae and EC isolated from Tg mice. Interestingly, we observed an increase in soluble FLT (sFLT/sVEGFR1), the anti‐angiogenic VEGF receptor in Tg mouse plasma post‐HLI and media from Tg ECs. In addition, Glrx overexpression increased the non‐canonical Wnt ligand, Wnt5a, in both ischemic muscle and EC. Furthermore, Glrx induced‐sFLT1 expression in endothelial cells was attenuated by Box5, a competitive inhibitor of Wnt5a. Together these data suggest that Glrx overexpression negatively regulates angiogenesis post‐hind limb ischemia by regulating VEGF signaling through Wnt5a‐sFLT pathway. We speculate that enhanced Glrx expression may be critical to impaired angiogenesis observed in pathological conditions. (R37 HL104017 and PO1HL068758)
Toward "smart tubes" using iterative learning control (1998)

In the paper, we present our progress toward designing a "smart" high-peak power microwave (HPM) tube. We use iterative learning control (ILC) methodologies in order to control a repetitively pulsed high-power backward-wave oscillator (BWO). The learning-control algorithm is used to drive the error between the actual output and its desired value to zero. The desired output may be a given power level, a given frequency, or a combination of both. The learning-control methodology is then verified in simulation. This methodology is applicable to a wide variety of HPM sources.
Anaerobic metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass: the predictive value of carbon dioxide - derived parameters (2006)

Ranucci, M.; Isgrò, G.; Romitti, F.; Mele, S.; Biagioli, B.; Giomarelli, P. Author Information
Neomorphic effects of recurrent somatic mutations in Yin Yang 1 in insulin-producing adenomas (2015)

Insulinomas are pancreatic islet tumors that inappropriately secrete insulin, producing hypoglycemia. Exome and targeted sequencing revealed that 14 of 43 insulinomas harbored the identical somatic mutation in the DNA-binding zinc finger of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) showed that this T372R substitution changes the DNA motif bound by YY1. Global analysis of gene expression demonstrated distinct clustering of tumors with and without YY1(T372R) mutations. Genes showing large increases in expression in YY1(T372R) tumors included ADCY1 (an adenylyl cyclase) and CACNA2D2 (a Ca(2+) channel); both are expressed at very low levels in normal β-cells and show mutation-specific YY1 binding sites. Both gene products are involved in key pathways regulating insulin secretion. Expression of these genes in rat INS-1 cells demonstrated markedly increased insulin secretion. These findings indicate that YY1(T372R) mutations are neomorphic, resulting in constitutive activation of cAMP and Ca(2+) signaling pathways involved in insulin secretion.
A Best-Fit Model of Power Losses in Cold Rolled-Motor Lamination Steel Operating in a Wide Range of Frequency and Magnetization (2007)

A procedure is described for identifying a mathematical model of core losses in ferromagnetic steel based on a minimal amount of experimental data. The new model has a hysteresis loss multiplicative coefficient variable only with frequency, a hysteresis loss power coefficient variable both with frequency and induction and a combined coefficient for eddy-current and excess losses that is, within a set frequency range, variable only with induction. Validation was successfully performed on a large number of different samples of nongrain oriented fully and semiprocessed steel alloys. Over a wide range of frequencies between 20 Hz and 2.1 kHz and inductions from 0.05 up to 2 T, the errors of the proposed model are substantially lower than those of a conventional model with fixed value coefficients