gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extensive CD8β depletion does not prevent control of viral replication or protection from challenge in macaques chronically infected with a live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (2019)

Abstract We evaluated the contribution of CD8αβ+ T cells on control of live-attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (LASIV) replication during chronic infection and subsequent protection from pathogenic SIV challenge. Unlike previous reports with a CD8α-specific depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb), the CD8β-specific mAb CD8β255R1 selectively depleted CD8αβ+ T cells without also depleting non-CD8+ T cell populations that express CD8α, such as natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells. Following infusion with CD8β255R1, plasma viremia transiently increased coincident with declining peripheral CD8αβ+ T cells. Interestingly, plasma viremia returned to pre-depletion levels even when peripheral CD8αβ+ T cells did not. Although depletion of CD8αβ+ T cells in the lymph node (LN) was incomplete, frequencies of these cells were three-fold lower (p=0.006) in animals that received CD8β255R1 compared to control IgG. It is possible that these residual SIV-specific CD8αβ+ T cells may have contributed to suppression of viremia during chronic infection. We also determined whether infusion of CD8β255R1 in the LASIV-vaccinated animals increased their susceptibility to infection following intravenous challenge with pathogenic SIVmac239. We found that 7/8 animals infused with CD8β255R1, and 3/4 animals infused with the control IgG, were resistant to SIVmac239 infection. These results suggest that infusion with CD8β255R1 did not eliminate the protection afforded to LASIV vaccination. This provides a comprehensive description of the impact of CD8β255R1 infusion on the immunological composition of the host, when compared to an isotype matched control IgG, while showing that the control of LASIV viremia and protection from challenge can occur even after CD8β255R1 administration. Importance Studies of SIV-infected macaques that deplete CD8+ T cells in vivo with monoclonal antibodies have provided compelling evidence for their direct antiviral role. These studies utilized CD8α-specific mAbs that target both the major (CD8αβ+) and minor (CD8αα+) populations of CD8+ T cells, but additionally deplete non-CD8+ T cell populations that express CD8α, such as NK cells and γδ T cells. In the current study, we administered the CD8β-specific depleting mAb CD8β255R1 to cynomolgus macaques chronically infected with a LASIV to selectively deplete CD8αβ+ T cells without removing CD8αα+ lymphocytes. We evaluated the impact on control of virus replication and protection from pathogenic SIVmac239 challenge. These results underscore the utility of CD8β255R1 for studying the direct contribution of CD8αβ+ T cells in various disease states.
Expansion by Self Antigen Is Necessary for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by T Cells Primed with a Cross-Reactive Environmental Antigen (1998)

Cross-reactivity with environmental antigens has been postulated as a mechanism responsible for the induction of autoimmune disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease model inducible in susceptible strains of laboratory animals by immunization with protein constituents of myelin. We used myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) peptide 139-151 and its analogues to define motifs to search a protein database for structural homologues of PLP139-151 and identified five peptides derived from microbial Ags that elicit immune responses that cross-react with this self peptide. Exposure of naive SJL mice to the cross-reactive environmental peptides alone was insufficient to induce autoimmune disease even when animals were treated with Ag-nonspecific stimuli (superantigen or LPS). However, immunization of SJL mice with suboptimal doses of PLP139-151 after priming with cross-reactive environmental peptides consistently induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Furthermore, T cell lines from mice immunized with cross-reactive environmental peptides and restimulated in vitro with PLP139-151 could induce disease upon transfer into naive recipients. These data suggest that expansion by self Ag is required to break the threshold to autoimmune disease in animals primed with cross-reactive peptides.
Conceptual framework for enabling measurement-based mechanisms. Document number D5.1 (2011)

Deliverable D5.1 del projecte Europeu FARAMIR (248351)

El document es Confidencial al projecte europeu FARAMIR, pel que no es pot publicar el seu contingut a E-prints.
Synthesis of the taxane ring system (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the taxane ring systemRobert A. HoltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 19, 5731–5732Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00331a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00331a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1359Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
KRAS and EGFR mutations to distinguish adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix. (2012)

5011 Background: Cervical adenocarcinomas (AC) have higher rates of recurrence and distant metastasis, compared with squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and decreased survival in advanced disease. Yet, tailored treatments for cervical cancers have not emerged. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and type of somatic mutations in cervical AC and SCC to identify novel therapeutic targets for both subtypes. Methods: Tumors from 61 patients with cervical cancer (36 AC, 25 SCC) underwent genomic profiling by OncoMap, a multiplexed mass spectrometric genotyping technology that interrogates more than 400 known mutations in 33 cancer genes. Results: Overall, 31/61 (50.8%) tumors harbored candidate mutations, and 6/61 (9.8%) had ≥2 mutations. PIK3CA mutations were present in 21/64 (34.4%) of cervical cancers, with a trend towards higher rates in SCC compared with ACC (21/25 or 48.0% vs. 9/27 or 33.3%, p=0.10). KRAS mutations were present in 6/31 (16.7%) of AC, but none of the SCC (0%; 0/25). EGFR mutations were present in 9/25 (36.0%) of SCC, including G719S, but none of AC (0%; 0/31). Conclusions: The identification of distinct genomic alterations in SCC and AC of the cervix suggest different therapeutic rationales for each subtype. EGFR amplification in cervical SCC has been previously reported, but this is the first identification, to our knowledge, of activating EGFR mutations in cervical SCC. Together, this suggests that EGFR-inhibitors might be useful in selected patients with cervical SCC. Similarly, activating mutations in KRAS and PIK3CA in AC suggest that inhibition of the MAPK pathway (MEK inhibitors) and/or PI3K pathway may be beneficial in this subtype. Future studies should include more comprehensive genomic profiling strategies, such as targeted massively parallel sequencing, to detect multiple types of genomic alterations.
Transition-Temperature Oscillations in Thin Superconducting Films (1984)

Ultrathin films of Sn have been grown incrementally on substrates held at 15 K and then studied in situ at low temperatures. This process of repeatedly increasing the thickness of a film facilitates the investigation of thickness-dependent physical properties. The superconducting transition temperature has been found to oscillate with a period which was nominally about 4 \AA{}. The latter is approximately a factor of 2 larger than the prediction of simple theoretical models. Oscillations of the normal-state resistance with thickness have not been observed.
Promoting Gene Therapy: Expression Systems for Iransgenes and Post-transcriptional Gene Silencing (2006)

In this review, we have discussed expression systems employed for both transgene expression and post-transcriptional gene silencing. Although constitutive expression systems can function well for gene therapy protocols for simple Mendelian disorders, other protocols may require carefully designed systems that either ensure targeting to cells of interest or alternatively, transcription that is tightly regulated and conditionally activated. Indeed, it is of utmost importance to regulate expression of potentially immunogenic proteins, such as those encoded by suicide genes, to limit their immunogenic potential. Meanwhile, RNAi may be employed for therapeutic silencing of aberrant cellular or viral genes, but the potential for off-target effects due to activation of double-stranded RNA response pathways or undesired targeting of partial complementary sequences may necessitate carefully controlled and regulated expression of short hairpin RNAs. As we exhaust the current repertoire of simple promoter systems for transgene expression or for RNAi, we need to develop newer systems that combine the high activity of viral promoters with cell type specificity or conditionally active cis-elements. Novel combinations of promoter elements should be one approach for creating such regulated promoters.
Clinical evaluation of a block sequential regularized expectation maximization reconstruction algorithm in 18F-FDG PET/CT studies (2016)

The BSREM reconstruction algorithm showed a relevant improvement compared with OSEM reconstruction in PET/CT studies in all evaluated categories. BSREM might be used in clinical routine in conjunction with TOF to achieve better/higher image quality and lesion detectability or in PET/CT-systems without TOF-capability for enhancement of overall image quality as well.
CT of gastric leiomyosarcoma: patterns of involvement. (1999)

CT of gastric leiomyosarcoma: patterns of involvement.H K Pannu, R H Hruban and E K FishmanAudio Available | Share
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Stereodivergent Synthesis of Amino Alcohols. (2016)

Abstract A wide range of amino alcohols is constructed with high levels of chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity by sequential copper‐hydride‐catalyzed hydrosilylation and hydroamination of readily available enals or enones.
Synthesis of 1,6-dioxa-6a-thiapentalenes: sulphur–oxygen coupling by thallium(III) trifluoroacetate (1972)

4H-Pyran-4-thiones react with thallium(III) trifluoroacetate to form thallium-containing pyrylium trifluoroacetates which are ring-opened by water; the resulting intermediates spontaneously lose thallium(I) trifluoroacetate, with concomitant sulphur–oxygen bond formation, to give 1,6-dioxa-6a-thiapentalenes.
The Effect of Rotor Cruise Tip Speed, Engine Technology and Engine/Drive System RPM on the NASA Large Civil Tiltrotor (LCTR2) Size and Performance (2012)

A multi-year study was conducted under NASA NNA06BC41C Task Order 10 and NASA NNA09DA56C task orders 2, 4, and 5 to identify the most promising propulsion system concepts that enable rotor cruise tip speeds down to 54% of the hover tip speed for a civil tiltrotor aircraft. Combinations of engine RPM reduction and 2-speed drive systems were evaluated. Three levels of engine and the drive system advanced technology were assessed; 2015, 2025 and 2035. Propulsion and drive system configurations that resulted in minimum vehicle gross weight were identified. Design variables included engine speed reduction, drive system speed reduction, technology, and rotor cruise propulsion efficiency. The NASA Large Civil Tiltrotor, LCTR, aircraft served as the base vehicle concept for this study and was resized for over thirty combinations of operating cruise RPM and technology level, quantifying LCTR2 Gross Weight, size, and mission fuel. Additional studies show design sensitivity to other mission ranges and design airspeeds, with corresponding relative estimated operational cost. The lightest vehicle gross weight solution consistently came from rotor cruise tip speeds between 422 fps and 500 fps. Nearly equivalent results were achieved with operating at reduced engine RPM with a single-speed drive system or with a two-speed drive system and 100% engine RPM. Projected performance for a 2025 engine technology provided improved fuel flow over a wide range of operating speeds relative to the 2015 technology, but increased engine weight nullified the improved fuel flow resulting in increased aircraft gross weights. The 2035 engine technology provided further fuel flow reduction and 25% lower engine weight, and the 2035 drive system technology provided a 12% reduction in drive system weight. In combination, the 2035 technologies reduced aircraft takeoff gross weight by 14% relative to the 2015 technologies.
Sparse Higher Order Functions of Discrete Variables --- Representation and Optimization (2011)

The role of vagal mechanisms in the reversal of pharmacologically-induced bronchoconstriction by deep inspiration is unclear. We examined the effect of lung inflation on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in six patients with severe diabetic autonomic neuropathy compared with five patients with diabetes mellitus and normal tests of autonomic function. The effect of deep inspiration on bronchomotor tone was expressed as the ratio of maximal flow rates at 70% of expiratory vital capacity (V30) calculated from complete (V30(c)) and partial (V30(p)) flow-volume curves (V30(c)/V30(p)). In patients with autonomic neuropathy the mean (range) of this ratio was 1.31 (1.19-1.47) and was not significantly different from the control patients with a mean ratio of 1.69 (1.28-2.13). These results suggest that the reversal of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction by a deep inspiration is not mediated via vagal nerves.
Data Supplement from Redirected T-Cell Killing of Solid Cancers Targeted with an Anti-CD3/Trop-2–Bispecific Antibody Is Enhanced in Combination with Interferon-α (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S7 shows the direct action of IFN-α on Capan-1 and NCI-N87 cells. Figure S8 shows ex vivo T cell re-directed killing of BxPC3 cells with (E1)-3s.&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanistic Study of Parasitic Reactions on Cathodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2016)

The side reactions between the change electrode materials, delithiated cathodes or lithiated anodes, significantly contributes to the continuous and irreversible consumption of accessible lithium during the normal charge/discharge cycling, leading to a degradation on electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. Understanding these side reactions, parasitic reactions, is crucial for the development of robust algorithm for predicting the remaining life of a specific battery and for the development of functional materials for long-life lithium-ion batteries. Figure 1a shows a home-built high precision electrochemical testing system used to study the kinetics of parasitic reactions on LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 . Figure 1b schematically shows the principle of the measurement. The working electrode was held at a specific potential using the source meter, maintaining a constant state-of-the-charge (SOC) for the working electrode. During this process, the electron obtained from the environment by the oxidation of the solvent, will be electrochemically collected by the external circuit. The measured leakage current is proportional to the reaction rate of parasitic (side) reactions between the working electrode and the electrolyte. Hence, the static leakage current can be used as a quantitative indicator for the reaction rate of the side reactions. Figure 1c shows a typical current relaxation curve collected, an exponential decay function was used to extract the static current (y 0 in Figure 1C), and to (1) minimize the impact of the high frequency noise, and (2) to get rid of the potential impact of slow intercalation/deintercalation reaction. In this work, the reaction mechanisms between delithiated cathodes and the non-aqueous electrolyte will be discussed. Figure 1
Viral Inactivation Using Visible to UV Upconversion Nanomaterials and Application in Self-Cleaning Anti-Viral Nanofilms on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to Mitigate Coronavirus Spread (2021)

Viral Inactivation Using Visible to UV Upconversion Nanomaterials and Application in Self-Cleaning Anti-Viral Nanofilms on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to Mitigate Coronavirus Spread, Udit Kumar, Craig Neal, Elayaraja Kolanthai, Candace Fox, Michael Hnatiuk, Tamil Selvan Sakthivel, Griffith Parks, Sudipta Seal
Simulated countercurrent moving bed chromatographic reactor and method for use thereof (2023)

A method and apparatus for continuously reacting a feed gas to form a product and separating the product from unreacted feed gas is provided. The apparatus includes a plurality of compartments and means for connecting the compartments in a series, with the last compartment in the series being connected to the first compartment in the series to provide a closed loop. Each compartment may include an upstream reaction zone and a downstream separation zone.
Target-in-the-loop wavefront sensing and control with a Collett-Wolf beacon: speckle-average phase conjugation (2008)

Adaptive optical systems for laser beam projection onto an extended target embedded in an optically inhomogeneous medium are considered. A new adaptive optics wavefront control technique--speckle-average (SA) phase conjugation--is introduced. In this technique mitigation of speckle effects related to laser beam scattering off the rough target surface is achieved by measuring the SA wavefront slopes of the target return wave using a conventional Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. For statistically representative speckle averaging we consider the generation of an incoherent light source, referred to here as a Collett-Wolf beacon, directly on the target surface using a rapid steering (scanning) auxiliary laser beam. Our numerical simulations and experiment show that control of the outgoing beam phase using SA phase conjugation can lead to efficient compensation of turbulence effects and results in an increase of the projected laser beam power density on a remote extended target. The impact of both target anisoplanatism and the Collett-Wolf beacon size on adaptive system performance is studied.
A Cinema Luminance Range by the People, for the People: Viewer Preferences on Luminance Limits for a Large Screen Environment (2014)

Display technology has been improving rapidly, in some areas faster than others. Televisions, tablets, and smart phones bring images to life through a combination of a brighter maximum luminance, a deeper black level, and/or a wider color gamut. Preference studies in this area also confirm that viewers are looking for these increased capabilities in their displays. One such study performed on a TV-sized display at Dolby Laboratories [4] found that to satisfy 90% of viewers a luminance dynamic range of 0.005 to 20,000 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> would be required. — Translating results from small displays to the larger screens of the cinema is not always straightforward because of the conjecture that large screens will influence a viewer's preferences differently. For example, it is assumed that, in comparison to a smaller display (i.e. television), the brightness preference for the cinema is dimmer. This generalized assumption, however, includes multiple aspects such as contrast increased flickering with higher luminance, and different fields of view. To investigate those aspects, we have conducted a study on viewer preferences for the cinema environment isolating the maximum diffuse luminance, the minimum luminance, and highlight luminance from these other factors. We used a 6 kW cinema projector and 13 foot, 2.8-gain screen, producing a luminance dynamic range of 0.002 to 2100 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and concluded that the most demanding viewers prefer 22 stops of cinema dynamic range — double the number of stops of the existing dynamic range of the cinema.
Visual Prosthesis (2008)

Electronic visual prostheses have demonstrated the ability to restore a rudimentary sense of vision to blind individuals. This review paper will highlight past and recent progress in this field as well as some technical challenges to further advancement. Retinal implants have now been tested in humans by four independent groups. Optic nerve and cortical implants have been also been evaluated in humans. The first implants have achieved remarkable results, including detection of motion and distinguishing objects from a set. To improve on these results, a number of research groups have performed simulations that predict up to 1000 individual pixels may be needed to restore significant functions such as face recognition and reading. In order to achieve a device that can stimulate the visual system in this many locations, issues of power consumption and electronic packaging must be resolved.