gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
133 Aptamer-siRNA Chimera Therapy Suppresses HIV-1 Viral Loads and Protects from CD4 T-Cell Loss in Humanized (RAG-hu) Mice (2011)

Therapeutic strategies designed to combat HIV/AIDS by siRNAs show considerable promise, but targeted delivery of these synthetic molecules into virus infected cells in vivo has been a formidable challenge. In addressing this need, using a humanized mouse model, we sought to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of a chimeric construct consisting of an HIV-1 gp120 directed aptamer with viral neutralization capacity fused to an siRNA with proven efficacy against tat/rev viral transcripts. Humanized Rag2-/- γc-/- (RAG-hu) mice with multilineage hematopoiesis were prepared by engrafting with human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. These animals were infected with HIV-1 NL4-3 virus to generate viremic mice. Subsequently, the viremic mice were injected intravenously with the aptamer-siRNA chimeras or control RNAs. The viral loads and CD4+ T-cell levels were monitored weekly. Our results show that both the aptamer and aptamer-siRNA chimera treatments markedly suppressed HIV-1 replication and prevented viral induced CD4 T-cell depletion. The addition of the siRNA to the aptamer added to the antiviral effect by triggering target specific knockdown of the HIV-1 encoded tat/rev transcripts, thus validating the dual inhibitory function of the chimeras. Moreover, the presence of siRNAs and target specific knockdown of HIV-1 tat/rev transcripts were detected in gp120 aptamer-siRNA chimera treated mice, but not in the aptamer alone-, mutated aptamer-siRNA chimeras- or naked siRNA-treated animal groups, thus validating systemic, HIV-1 infected cell specific aptamer mediated siRNA delivery. Using RACE PCR we verified the in vivo RNAi mediated cleavage of the HIV-1 tat/rev target transcripts. Collectively, this approach resulted in suppression of viral loads in vivo and most importantly resulted in protection of T-cell depletion, making the aptamer-siRNA chimeras attractive therapeutic candidates for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Next generation ultraflex solar array for NASA's New Millennium Program Space Technology 8 (2005)

ABLE Engineering, Inc. (ABLE), in collaboration with the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and EMCORE photovoltaics (EPV), has been selected for the NASA New Millennium Program (NMP) Space Technology 8 (ST8) project to develop and flight validate a state-of-the-art solar array system. The "next generation UltraFlex" (NGU) system is a highly-evolved and large-scaled version of the previously flight qualified Mars 01-Lander UltraFlex and employs many advanced technologies. The NGU system promises very high specific power (175 W/g-220 W/kg BOL), compact stowage volume (>33 kW/m/sup 3/), high reliability, scalability beyond 7 kW wing sizes, and operational capability for standard, high voltage, multi-A.U., and/or high temperature applications. A detailed overview of the ST8 NGU technology in-space validation program is presented. Key technology maturation activities performed (deployment kinematics, deployed dynamics, and power production/survivability) that demonstrate TRL 4+ achievement will be discussed. Completed design, development, analysis, and NGU hardware build (components, subsystems and systems), and test activities are presented. NGU hardware experimental test results will be presented and model correlations will be shown. Continued ST8 NGU technology development plans, maturation approach to increase readiness level (TRL 4+ to TRL 7/8), and planned flight experiment details are also described.
Predicting combinatorial binding of transcription factors to regulatory elements in the human genome by association rule mining (2007)

Functional elements in the genome where transcription factors bind to regulate expression in a combinatorial manner are more likely to be predicted by identifying statistically and biologically significant combinations of transcription factor binding motifs than by simply scanning the genome for the occurrence of binding sites for a single transcription factor.
Diode-pumped Nd:MgO:LINbO3 laser (1986)

Laser action in Nd:MgO:LiNbO 3 was recently demonstrated by pumping with a rhodamine 6 G dye laser operating at 598 nm. MgO-doping substantially reduced photorefractive damage in Nd:LiNbO 3 but did not eliminate it entirely. True cw room temperature laser action was possible for propagation along the c axis ( F ‖ c ) but not for propagation perpendicular to c ( F ⊥ c ). It was expected that photorefractive damage would be reduced when pumped in the near-infrared. In fact, we could achieve true cw oscillation for F ⊥ c propagation by pumping with an infrared dye laser operating around 810 nm.
Modeling, Fabrication, and Testing of a SMA Hybrid Composite Jet Engine Chevron Concept (2006)

This study presents a fabrication method, bench top test results, and numerical model validation for a novel adaptive jet engine chevron concept based upon embedding shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators in a composite laminate, termed a SMA hybrid composite (SMAHC). The approach for fabricating the adaptive SMAHC chevrons involves embedding prestrained Nitinol actuators on one side of the mid-plane of the composite laminate such that thermal excitation generates a thermal moment and deflects the structure. A rigorous and versatile test system for control and measurement of the chevron deflection performance is described. A recently commercialized constitutive model for SMA and SMAHC materials is used in the finite element code ABAQUS to perform nonlinear static analysis of the chevron specimens. Excellent agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured chevron deflection performance, thereby validating the numerical model and enabling detailed design of chevron prototype(s) and similar structures.
Approche bayésienne pour estimer les paramètres d'un modèle biodynamique chez les invertébrés benthiques d'eau douce (2018)

/ Les modèles biodynamiques classiques ont été validés pour formaliser la variabilité de la bioaccumulation de contaminants par différentes espèces d'organismes. La bioaccumulation est alors décrite comme la résultante des processus d'absorption et d'élimination (Luoma et Rainbow, 2005). Chez les invertébrés benthiques, ces modèles ont été développés à l'origine pour les métaux, puis pour quelques contaminants organiques, en considérant l'organisme comme un compartiment unique et en ne prenant en compte généralement qu'une seule voie d'exposition. Toutefois, il est crucial de tenir compte dans de tels modèles de tous les processus impliqués dans la bioaccumulation de contaminants, tels que différentes voies d'absorption et notamment la voie trophique, la croissance de l'organisme, mais aussi les effets de saturation et/ou de biotransformation. Ces phénomènes sont d'autant plus importants à prendre en compte pour les invertébrés benthiques, dans la mesure où ils jouent un rôle clé dans le transfert des contaminants puisqu'ils se situent souvent à la base des réseaux trophiques aquatiques. Par ailleurs, l'estimation des paramètres de ces modèles est couramment effectuée par une approche fréquentiste, en deux étapes : premièrement en estimant les paramètres liés à l'élimination, et dans un second temps l'estimation des paramètres liés à l'absorption. Cette méthode nécessite la plupart du temps de fixer certains paramètres lorsque tous ne peuvent pas être estimés simultanément, induisant un biais puisqu'il n'est pas exclu que ces paramètres soient corrélés. L'inférence Bayésienne permet (i) de pallier le problème d'estimation simultanée de tous les paramètres d'un modèle à partir de données de nature différente ; (ii) d'utiliser l'information disponible sur les paramètres (à partir de la littérature, d'expériences préliminaires ou d'avis d'experts) ; et (iii) de fournir une estimation des incertitudes à travers les distributions a posteriori de chaque paramètre, issue de la distribution jointe de tous les paramètres estimés simultanément (incluant donc la corrélation éventuelle). L'objectif de cette étude est de développer un cadre Bayésien générique pour estimer simultanément les paramètres d'un modèle biodynamique chez des espèces d'invertébrés aquatiques variées exposées à divers contaminants, si possible peu connus ou émergents. La distribution a posteriori obtenue pour tous les paramètres permettra une évaluation plus précise de l'incertitude de la bioaccumulation. Nous illustrons cette approche avec des données expérimentales obtenues en conditions contrôlées de cinétiques d'accumulation et d'élimination chez Gammarus fossarum et Chironomus riparius exposés à des sédiments ou des feuilles contaminées en PCB 153 ou en hexabromocyclododécane (retardateur de flamme).
Hybrid superconductor–ferromagnet transistor-like device (2011)

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that a ferromagnetic layer as thin as a few nanometres, which is almost transparent for non-superconducting charge transport, can be used as a cut-off filter to block transport of charge-carrier superconducting correlations. This property may be exploited in some applications, as is exemplified by the case of double-barrier S1IS2FIS3 multi-terminal devices (with S, I, and F denoting a superconductor, an insulator, and a ferromagnetic metal, respectively), whose principle of operation is based on a nonequilibrium superconducting state driven by tunnel injection of quasiparticles. Using the F layer makes the device asymmetric and considerably improves input–output isolation in comparison with the formerly investigated symmetric S1IS2IS3 devices.
On the redox origin of surface trapping in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (2014)

Water-related redox couples in ambient air are identified as an important source of the surface trapping states, dynamic on-resistance, and drain current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Through in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), direct signature of the water-related species—hydroxyl groups (OH) was found at the AlGaN surface at room temperature. It was also found that these species, as well as the current collapse, can be thermally removed above 200 °C in vacuum conditions. An electron trapping mechanism based on the H2O/H2 and H2O/O2 redox couples is proposed to explain the 0.5 eV energy level commonly attributed to the surface trapping states. Finally, the role of silicon nitride passivation in successfully removing current collapse in these devices is explained by blocking the water molecules away from the AlGaN surface.
Dodecagonal quasicrystalline order in a diblock copolymer melt (2016)

We report the discovery of a dodecagonal quasicrystalline state (DDQC) in a sphere (micelle) forming poly(isoprene-b-lactide) (IL) diblock copolymer melt, investigated as a function of time following rapid cooling from above the order-disorder transition temperature (TODT = 66 °C) using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. Between TODT and the order-order transition temperature TOOT = 42 °C, an equilibrium body-centered cubic (BCC) structure forms, whereas below TOOT the Frank-Kasper σ phase is the stable morphology. At T < 40 °C the supercooled disordered state evolves into a metastable DDQC that transforms with time to the σ phase. The times required to form the DDQC and σ phases are strongly temperature dependent, requiring several hours and about 2 d at 35 °C and more than 10 and 200 d at 25 °C, respectively. Remarkably, the DDQC forms only from the supercooled disordered state, whereas the σ phase grows directly when the BCC phase is cooled below TOOT and vice versa upon heating. A transition in the rapidly supercooled disordered material, from an ergodic liquid-like arrangement of particles to a nonergodic soft glassy-like solid, occurs below ∼40 °C, coincident with the temperature associated with the formation of the DDQC. We speculate that this stiffening reflects the development of particle clusters with local tetrahedral or icosahedral symmetry that seed growth of the temporally transient DDQC state. This work highlights extraordinary opportunities to uncover the origins and stability of aperiodic order in condensed matter using model block polymers.
Intelligent Devices - Sensors and Actuators - A KSC Perspective (2008)

The primary objective of this workshop is to identify areas of advancement in sensor measurements and technologies that will help to define standard practices and procedures that will better enable the infusion into flight programs of sensors with improved capabilities but limited or no flight heritage. These standards would be crucial to demonstrating a methodology for validating current models while also creating the possibility of being able to have sufficient data to either update these models (e. g., spatial or temporal resolution, etc.) or develop new models based on the ability to simulate the new measured physical parameters. The workshop is also intended to narrow the gap between sensor measurements (and techniques), data processing techniques and the ability to make use of that data by gathering together experts in the field for a short workshop. This collaboration will unite NASA and other government agencies with contractor capabilities industry-wide to prevent duplication, spawn synergistic growth in sensor technology, help analysts make good engineering decisions and help focus new sensor maturation efforts to better meet future flight program customers' needs. This is the first such workshop designed to specifically address establishing a standardized protocol/methodology for demonstrating the technology readiness of non-flight heritage sensor systems. While other similar workshops are held covering many areas of interest to the sensor development community, no other meeting is specific enough to address this vital but often overlooked topic. By encouraging cross-fertilization of ideas from instrument experts from many different backgrounds, it is hoped that this workshop will initiate innovative new ideas and concepts in sensor development, calibration and validation. It is anticipated this workshop will repeat periodically as needed.
XLBIST: X-Tolerant Logic BIST (2018)

Logic Built-In Self-Test (LBIST) is becoming a requirement for high-complexity, high-reliability ICs which are increasingly used in the automotive field. Traditionally, LBIST can only be applied when there are no unknown simulation values (Xs) which would render the LBIST signature unusable. Eliminating all Xs in large industrial designs, especially when containing third party hard IP blocks, can be difficult, and anticipating all possible X-sources can be impractical. We present an X-tolerant LBIST solution (XLBIST) which uses compressor/decompressor structures, including X-control logic, that have already been inserted in the design for scan-compression deterministic patterns. Automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) leverages these structures to generate efficient XLBIST patterns. Patterns can be generated for any number (or density) of Xs, with resulting test coverage tradeoff. Results on industrial designs with high X densities demonstrate consistent XLBIST coverage.
Grooved feed single screw extruders—improving productivity and reducing viscous heating effects (1998)

Abstract Owing to their high productivity, pressure invariance, and controlled throughput and melt temperature, groove feed systems are becoming widely accepted for the extrusion of pipes, blown films, and blow molded articles. Within the research presented in this paper, a fully instrumented 45 mm extruder equipped with a grooved fed bushing was used to measure pressure distributions, screw and die characteristics, and melt temperature profiles. The screw geometry included decompression and compression zones, and Saxton distributive and Maillefer dispersive mxing heads. The screw and die characteristic curves show the high system productivity where throughputs comparable to 60 and 90 mm conventional extruders were measured. The high throughput induced a dramatic reduction in melt temperature measured at the tip. To better understand and confirm our experimental findings, analytical models were used.
Polyethylene wear rates with Zirconia and cobalt chrome heads in the ABG hip (2005)

We report a radiological analysis of 281 primary cementless ABG total hip arthroplasties performed between 1991 and 1994, with a mean follow-up of 78 months. We compare the polyethylene wear in hips with Zirconia ceramic heads manufactured prior to the introduction of hot isostatic pressing and hips with cobalt chrome heads. The mean linear wear rate was 0.19 mm/yr with 28mm Zirconia heads (n=203), 0.20 mm/yr with 32mm Zirconia heads (n=47) and 0.14mm/yr with 28mm cobalt chrome heads (n=31). We matched each of the 31 patients with 28mm cobalt chrome heads with a patient from the 28mm Zirconia group for gender and age. The mean linear wear rates in these two groups were 0.14mm/yr and 0.19mm/yr respectively (p<0.05). There were 19 revisions for osteo-lysis in 250 hips with Zirconia heads (7.6%) and no revisions in 31 hips with metal heads. We advocate regular review of patients with Zirconia on polyethylene bearing surfaces due to the high linear wear rates and associated osteolysis. (Hip International 2005; 15: 63-70).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Current and Ion Delivery into the Eye during Transscleral and Transcorneal Iontophoresis (2004)

MRI can be a useful technique in the study of the penetration of probe compounds in the eye during and after iontophoresis, such as in iontophoresis protocol and device testing. Ocular pharmacokinetic studies using MRI are noninvasive and provide real-time data without perturbation and compound redistribution that can occur during dissection and assay in traditional pharmacokinetic studies. With MRI, it was shown that transscleral iontophoresis, transcorneal iontophoresis, and intravitreal injection deliver ions to different parts of the eye.
Multimodal Integration of fMRI, EEG, and NIRS (2012)

Multimodal integration in the field of human brain mapping has evolved from structural-functional co-registrations toward functional-functional combinations. This paper briefly reviews fMRI-EEG, fMRI-NIRS, EEG-NIRS, and fMRI-EEG-NIRS combinations.
Discovery of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase Inhibitors from a Kinase-Directed Library (2000)

Das chemische Rüstzeug für biologische Untersuchungen von Kohlenhydrat-Sulfotransferasen (einer erst kürzlich charakterisierten Enzymklasse) wurde durch das Screening einer Molekülbibliothek zur Verfügung gestellt. Dieses Inhibitor-Screening umfasste 139 Verbindungen, darunter ausgewählte Beispiele aus Purin-Bibliotheken sowie einige Proteinkinase-Inhibitoren. Wie Kinasen haben auch Kohlenhydrat-Sulfotransferasen viel Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen wegen ihrer Rolle bei Krankheitsprozessen wie chronischen Entzündungen und Tumormetastasierung.
Exploitation of OTFTs variability for PUFs implementation and impact of aging (2023)

Commercial Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFT) have been characterized to evaluate their variability and reliability. The feasibility of implementing Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) based on these devices has been evaluated, taking advantage of the high variation in the electrical characteristics among different OTFTs. The eventual impact of device aging on PUFs reliability has been preliminary explored.
Measurement of the nonlinear coefficient of orientation-patterned GaAs and demonstration of highly efficient second-harmonic generation (2002)

Quasi-phase-matched (QPM) GaAs structures, 0.5 mm thick, 10 mm long, and with 61-mum grating periods, were grown by a combination of molecular-beam epitaxy and hydride vapor phase epitaxy. These were characterized by use of mid-IR second-harmonic generation (SHG) with a ZnGeP(2) (ZGP) optical parametric oscillator as a pump source. The SHG efficiencies of QPM GaAs and QPM LiNbO(3) were directly compared, and a ratio of nonlinear coefficients d(14)(GaAs)/d(33) (LiNbO(3))=5.01+/-0.3 was found at 4.1-mum fundamental wavelength. For input pulse energies as low as 50muJ and approximately 60-ns pulse duration, an internal SHG conversion efficiency of 33% was measured in QPM GaAs.
Total Plasma Homocysteine and Depressive Symptoms in Older Hispanics (2021)

Elevated levels of tHcy were associated with depressive symptoms in older Hispanics living under the nutritional and environmental conditions of a developing country.
High-resolution, near-diffraction-limited tunable solid-state visible light source using sum-frequency mixing (2000)

Summary form only given. Our first cladding-pumped fiber amplifier (CPFA) was designed around double-clad Yb:silica fiber from Polaroid and a 10 Watt semiconductor diode laser P6 pump diode array and produced over 2 Watt output power at 1064 nm. This master-oscillator-power-amplifier architecture provided high power and narrow linewidth simultaneously.
Performance analysis of network coding with raptor codes for IPTV (2009)

Multimedia services including IPTV require huge multimedia data transmission on the Internet. In order to improve a throughput of data transmission, network coding has been proposed to use network bandwidth (=throughput) efficiently with error free channel assumption. However, when the channel is not error free, network coding may not increase the throughput. In this case, effective erasure recovery codes such as Raptor codes have to be used with the network coding. We present the advantage of Raptor codes combined with network coding for high throughput multimedia data transmission services like IPTV. For the applications allowing retransmission, hybrid-ARQ combined with network coding is also considered.
Determination of Lipid Peroxidation in Desiccated Red Blood Cells (2007)

Lipid peroxidation of biological membranes is one of the most studied indicators of oxidative stress. Very little is known about the extent of oxidative damage that occurs during the desiccation of mammalian cells. The objective of this study was to modify and validate a method for the determination of lipid peroxidation in desiccated red blood cells (RBCs). The measurement of malondialdehydes (MDAs), the decomposition products of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, is commonly used as a method for the quantification of lipid peroxidation. The method is based on the reaction of MDAs with thiobarbituric acid, which forms a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) chromophore. Validation of the method to dried RBC specimens included the optimization of an MDA standard curve, spiking studies, measurement of TBARS in lyophilized RBCs, and reexamination of the reagents and processes that are associated with this assay. The recovery of MDA standards, which were lyophilized with RBCs was reasonable (72.96% ± 8.85%), as drying and rehydration are associated with sample loss. Significant TBARS concentrations were obtained during lyophilization, dry storage for up to 72 h, and rehydration of RBCs specimens. The efficacy of the antioxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide in reducing sample autoxidation during the TBARS assay is questionable due to its poor solubility in aqueous solution. Investigation of the interference caused by the 453-nm peak in the TBARS assay revealed that the origin of the peak is, at least in part, related to hydroperoxides. The data shows that the TBARS assay can be applied to desiccated RBC specimens. It also provides first evidence regarding the relationship between oxidative damage and desiccation. The modification of the MDA assay to dried cells will contribute to understanding the mechanism of damage that occurs during dehydration, dry storage and rehydration of dry biomaterials.