gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantization and truncation effects in the design of adaptive digital filters (2005)

This paper presents an implementation of an adaptive digital filter. The hardware is outlined and the limitations of the design discussed. The effect of rounding on the filter characteristics is described. A method of improving filter performance, when using low adaptive gains, by means of the addition of a dither signal to the coefficient updates is described. Experimental results from the implementation are presented. These results concur with trends predicted by computer simulations, results of which are also included. Potential applications are suggested as are methods for improving the design.
PIP4Ks Suppress Insulin Signaling Through a Catalytic-Independent Mechanism (2018)

SUMMARY Insulin stimulates conversion of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2 ) to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P 3 ), which mediates downstream cellular responses. PI(4,5)P 2 is produced by phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) and byphosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinases (PIP4Ks). Here we show that deletion of the three genes that encode PIP4Ks ( PIP4K2A, PIP4K2B and PIP4K2C ) in vitro results in a paradoxical increase in PI(4,5)P 2 and a subsequent increase in insulin-stimulated production of PI(3,4,5)P 3 . Surprisingly, reintroduction of either wild-type or kinase-dead forms of the PIP4Ks restored cellular PI(4,5)P 2 levels and insulin stimulation of the PI3K pathway. These effects are explained by an increase in PIP5K activity upon deletion of PIP4Ks, which we demonstrate can suppress PIP5K activity in vitro through a direct binding interaction. Collectively, our work reveals an important non-catalytic function of PIP4Ks in suppressing PIP5K-mediated PI(4,5)P 2 synthesis and insulin-dependent conversion to PI(3,4,5)P 3 by PI3K enzymes and suggests that pharmacological depletion of PIP4K enzymes using emerging degrader technologies could represent a novel strategy for stimulating insulin signaling.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTICONVULSANTS. VI: CONDENSATION OF ISATINS WITH CYCLOHEXANONE AND D OTHER CYCLIC KETONES (1983)

Abstract Nach bekannten Verfahren werden Ketone, z.B. (II), an lsatine (I) addiert.
Methane Hydrate Nucleation Rates from Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Effects of Aqueous Methane Concentration, Interfacial Curvature, and System Size (2011)

Methane hydrate nucleation rates are reported from over 200 μs of molecular dynamics simulations across a range of thermodynamic conditions and varying degrees of methane–water interfacial curvature. Calculated nucleation rates increase with aqueous phase methane concentration (XCH4), consistent with experimental results. The effect of interfacial curvature on XCH4 is quantified, with dissolved methane concentration increasing with the degree of curvature (i.e., the number of dimensions in which curvature exists). Nucleation rates are reported for system sizes of 3456 and 13 824 molecules (H2O + CH4). Among the smaller simulation systems (which comprise the majority of the data), the calculated hydrate nucleation rates follow the same trend when plotted against XCH4 regardless of whether the predominant contribution to the effective system pressure is the simulation barostat or the methane–water interfacial curvature (Young–Laplace pressure). The incipient hydrate nuclei are destabilized in the immediate vicinity (∼ 1 nm) of the methane–water interface, and the calculated nucleation rates for the larger simulation systems (in which the incipient hydrate solids are less affected by interfacial destabilization) fall above the trend observed in the smaller systems.
P1‐157: Hippocampal texture provides volume‐independent information for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis (2012)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of hippocampal MRI texture for diagnosis of AD. A subset of 101 subjects from the ADNI database, previously used in another study, was considered (24 normal controls, 29 MCI, and 48 AD). Segmentations of the hippocampi obtained using cross-sectional FreeSurfer were used to define the region of interest in each MRI scan. Hippocampal texture was characterized in bias field corrected MRIs with a recently published texture descriptor in lung CT tissue analysis. A support vector machine with a radial Gaussian kernel was trained to discriminate between normal controls and AD using texture, and was subsequently applied to score both control, MCI, and AD cases using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results were reported by ROC-analysis of pair-wise groups, testing for significance using DeLong, DeLong and Clark-Pearson's test. The mean and the standard deviation of the texture-based marker for each of the three groups were also reported, and groups were compared using a Wilcoxon rank sum test. For all tests, P<0.05 was regarded as significant. Adjustment for volume was performed by linear regression. ROC-curves for control vs. MCI, control vs. AD, and MCI vs. AD are shown in the figure, and the corresponding AUCs were 0.641 (P = 0.066), 0.861 (P<0.001), and 0.753 (P<0.001), respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the texture-based marker was for controls −0.360 ± 0.648, for MCI 0.101 ± 0.950, and for AD 1.021 ± 1.117. Normal controls and AD as well as MCI and AD were separable from each other according to the rank sum test (P<0.001 for both) whereas normal controls and MCI were not separable (P = 0.082). The separation of the AD group maintained significance after adjusting for hippocampal volume (P = 0.003 and P = 0.011).
Impairment of lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis in mice reconstituted with bone marrow–hematopoietic progenitor cells expressing SDF-1–intrakine (2000)

Both SDF-1 and CXCR4 disruption are lethal to mice at the embryonic stage and cause abnormalities in B lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis, cardiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and cerebellar development. To investigate the role of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in hematopoiesis during the adult stage, mice reconstituted with bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells transduced with either the SDF-1 or a genetically modified SDF-1-intrakine gene using a retroviral expression vector were analyzed. Flow cytometric (FCM) analysis showed a dramatic reduction of CXCR4 expression on the cells of intrakine-transduced mice, whereas CCR7 and CCR1 expression was unchanged or marginally decreased on splenocytes. Migration of splenocytes and bone marrow cells to SDF-1 was markedly suppressed in intrakine-transduced mice. FCM analysis of bone marrow cells of intrakine-transduced mice exhibited decreased numbers of pro-B (B220(+) CD43(+)), pre-B (B220(+) CD43(-)), and immature B (B220(+) IgM(+)) cells and a decreased number of granulocytes/myeloid (Gr1(+) CD11b(+)) cells. Impaired B lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis in intrakine-transduced mice were confirmed by an in vitro colony-forming assay of bone marrow cells. In contrast, B lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis were enhanced in SDF-1-transduced mice. Interestingly, T-cell maturation in the thymus was impaired both in intrakine- and SDF-1-transduced mice, suggesting that SDF-1 and CXCR4 play an important role in T lymphopoiesis as well as in B lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis in adults. These results demonstrate an essential role of CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1 in adult hematopoiesis, and they indicate the intrakine method as a powerful tool for functional analysis of chemokines/chemokine receptors in vivo and as a potential therapeutic approach for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
IL-6 and IL-18 in Blood May Discriminate Cirrhotic Patients With and Without Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy (2009)

Inflammatory alterations related with IL-6 and IL-18 may contribute to MHE. Serum concentration of IL-6 and IL-18 may be useful to discriminate cirrhotic patients with and without MHE.
Nanoporous Hard Carbon Membranes for Medical Applications (2007)

Current blood glucose sensors have proven to be inadequate for long term in vivo applications; membrane biofouling and inflammation play significant roles in sensor instability. An ideal biosensor membrane material must prevent protein adsorption and promote integration of the sensor with the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, biosensor membranes must be sufficiently thin and porous in order to allow the sensor to rapidly respond to fluctuations in analyte concentration. In this study, the use of diamondlike carbon-coated anodized aluminum oxide as a potential biosensor membrane is discussed. Diamondlike carbon films and diamondlike carbon-coated anodized aluminum oxide nanoporous membranes were examined using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and platelet rich plasma testing. The diamondlike carbon-coated anodized aluminum oxide membranes remained free from protein adsorption during in vitro platelet rich plasma testing. We anticipate that this novel membrane could find use in immunoisolation devices, pacemakers, kidney dialysis membranes, microdialysis systems, and other devices facing biocompatibility issues that limit in vivo function.
Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Hydroformylation over Rh-Metalated Porous Organic Polymers: Synergistic Effect of High Ligand Concentration and Flexible Framework (2015)

A series of diphosphine ligand constructed porous polymers with stable and flexible frameworks have been successfully synthesized under the solvothermal conditions from polymerizing the corresponding vinyl-functionalized diphosphine monomers. These insoluble porous polymers can be swollen by a wide range of organic solvents, showing similar behavior to those of soluble analogues. Rather than just as immobilizing homogeneous catalysts, these porous polymers supported with Rh species demonstrate even better catalytic performance in the hydroformylations than the analogue homogeneous catalysts. The sample extraordinary performance could be attributed to the combination of high ligand concentration and flexible framework of the porous polymers. Meanwhile, they can be easily separated and recycled from the reaction systems without losing any activity and selectivity. This excellent catalytic performance and easy recycling heterogeneous catalyst property make them be very attractive. These diphosphine ligand constructed porous polymers may provide new platforms for the hydroformylation of olefins in the future.
Economic Theories of the Firm: Past, Present, and Future (1988)

We explore the current state of the theory of the firm, with attention to its historical origins. Answers to the crucial theoretical question of why an organization controlled by a central authority cannot always duplicate the performance of a decentralized organization are presented. Finally, we describe some important current directions in the theory of the firm and point out promising avenues for continuing research.
Introduction of New Associate Editors (2006)

The EiC and Associate EiC express our gratitude to David Forsyth, Brendan Frey, Venu Govindaraju, and Cordelia Schmid who are retiring as associate editors of TPAMI. While we will miss their dedication to the transactions, we hope that they will be enjoying a bit more free time. We are also pleased to announce that Professor Daniel Lopresti, Professor B.S. Manjunath, Professor Marc Pollefeys, and Professor Ramin Zabih have joined the editorial board. Professor Lopresti will oversee papers in document and handwriting analysis, biometrics, approximate string matching algorithms, and performance evaluation. Professor Manjunath will be considering papers in feature extraction, segmentation, image/video retrieval, and image registration. Professor Pollefeys will be responsible for submissions in structure from motion, stereo, multiple view geometry and camera calibration, 3D and appearance modeling, shape-from-X techniques, and novel sensors. Professor Zabih will handle papers on stereo and medical imaging as well as energy minimization and graph algorithms. We look forward to working with them. Their brief biographies appear herein.
5-GHz Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Characterization for Example Overpass Channels (2015)

The overpass is a special over-road structure for vehicular travel, constituting one type of roadway intersection. Real-time communications between on- and under-overpass vehicles can contribute to effective vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, including, for example, optimal route selection and overpass accident warning messaging. Ensuring effective communication requires a quantitative characterization of the overpass propagation channel. In this paper, we provide measurement and analytical results for V2V propagation path loss and root-mean-square delay spread, and from these results, we develop tapped-delay line channel models that are applicable to the 5-GHz band for two example overpasses. These two example overpasses are termed i) one-lane metal-bottom overpass and ii) two-lane metal-bottom overpass. Due to the unique structure of the overpasses, we divide the radio propagation space around the overpass into four different areas: a two-ray area, a short-term partial-shadowing area, a (full) shadowing area, and a long-term partial-shadowing area. In the two-ray area, a line-of-sight (LOS) path and a ground-reflected path are the dominant propagation mechanisms, whereas in the other areas, the overpass body (floor, walls, and columns) attenuates the LOS signal. The accuracy of our measurement results and the developed channel model are verified by a geometry-based stochastic channel modeling approach, in which the height dimension is first introduced to characterize the diffraction phenomenon in V2V communication. The actual measurement and simulation results show good consistency.
Recent Advances in Nanomedicine for Sepsis Treatment (2018)

Sepsis and septic shock are life-threating conditions, which form a continuum of the body's response to overwhelming infection. The current treatment consists of fluid and metabolic resuscitation, hemodynamic and end-organ support, and timely initiation of antibiotics. However, these measures may be ineffective and the sepsis-related mortality toll remains substantial; therefore, an urgent need exists for new therapies. Recently, several nanoparticle (NP) systems have shown excellent protective effects against sepsis in preclinical models, suggesting a potential utility in the management of sepsis and septic shock. These NPs serve as antibacterial agents, provide platforms to immobilize endotoxin adsorbents, interact with inflammatory cells to restore homeostasis and detect biomarkers of sepsis for timely diagnosis. This review discusses the recent developments in NP-based approaches for the treatment of sepsis.
A 2 × 22Gb/s SFI5.2 CDR/deserializer in 65nm CMOS technology (2009)

A CDR/deserializer IC is designed in 65nm triple-well CMOS, dissipates 1.3W, receives two 20.6–22.3Gb/s (DQPSK) data channels, and outputs 4⊲1 × 10.65−11.3Gb/s SFI5.2 data and deskew channel. The deserializer comprises two limiting amplifiers, a 2 × 20G to 16 × 2.5G CDR/DEMUX, a synchronizing FIFO, SFI5.2 deskew channel generator, and a 5×2.5 to 10G MUX. It also includes a 5GHz PLL, a a 2.5Gb/s PRBS and BERT, a temperature sensor, and an I2C bus.
On Accommodating VR Traffic for mHealth Applications in Rural Areas with Limited Impact on IoT Traffic (2020)

This paper investigates radio resource management for internet of things (IoT) networks with application to bandwidth constrained scenarios, e.g., in rural and under-privileged areas. An algorithm for efficient IoT resource allocation is derived and shown to be able to serve a large number of devices. In addition, a virtual reality (VR) for mHealth use case is considered in the studied bandwidth constrained scenarios, where medical personnel might need to use VR to provide guidance to remotely monitored patients in rural areas. An approach to accommodate VR traffic alongside IoT traffic is proposed and analyzed. The proposed approach is shown to reduce the impact on IoT traffic in the case of limited bandwidth while allowing remote monitoring in real-time during emergency situations.
Limits of the achievable symbol rate in flat fading MIMO systems (2004)

The irreducible error, introduced by the time dispersion of the radio channel for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with flat fading detection algorithms are investigated analytically and by link level simulations. Using an adequate synchronisation method, the error floor is determined only by the intersymbol interference, for which a formula is derived. The maximal data rate is not only determined by the value of this interference, but also by the modulation scheme, antenna configuration and channel condition.
Priapismo: principios y prácticas actuales (2007)

El priapismo, una situacion patologica de ereccion persistente del pene en ausencia de excitacion sexual, es un verdadero trastorno de la ereccion. Aunque puede parecer que afecta solo a un pequeno grupo de varones, conlleva una significacion mayor. Las posibles complicaciones de este trastorno incluyen fibrosis del pene y una disfuncion erectil permanente. Todos los profesionales sanitarios deberian apreciar la importancia del trastorno y estar preparados para seguir los principios actuales de diagnostico y de tratamiento para reducir o evitar sus complicaciones.
Enhancement of emission efficiency in white OLED device by highly efficient narrow spectrum red‐emission material (2015)

Abstract Newly developed red‐emission material with a narrow spectrum enhanced the current efficiency of a red OLED 1.3 times greater than a conventional material while maintaining chromaticity of red. This material also increased the power efficiency of a white OLED 1.2 times greater than the conventional material without impairing color rendering.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Protonation and Electrochemical Activity of Oxides in Aqueous Solution (1990)

Abstract are studied as a function of pH for the pyrochlores Pb 2 M 2‐x Pb x O 7‐y (M: Ru, Ir), the rutiles MO 2 (M: Ru, Ir), and the perovskite Sr 1‐x NbO 3‐δ .
A complex systems approach to understand how cells control their shape and make cell fate decisions (2005)

Abstract In this chapter, we analyze the mechanisms by which mammalian cells maintain their physical shape and make cell fate decisions whether to grow, move, differentiate, or die in response to chemical and physical signals during tissue development. We address how these robust and mutually exclusive, system‐level behavioral programs emerge from the dynamics of molecular networks that establish both the hardware (structure) and the software (information processing) of the cell. Molecular filaments within the cytoskeleton self‐organize using tensegrity architectural principles in which prestress and force balances between different filaments play key stabilizing roles. In this manner, the filaments form a physical network structure that stabilizes the shape of the cell while providing it with the flexibility necessary for movement. As for cellular information processing, genome‐wide regulatory networks impose constraints on the collective dynamics of signaling molecules, so that the biochemical activity of genes and proteins exhibits large‐scale coherent patterns that correspond to stable, high‐dimensional attractor states. These attractors define distinct cell fates that are stable, yet can undergo regulated all‐or‐none transitions between distinct stable cell phenotypes. Because of the robustness of these attractors, physical cues devoid of molecular specificity, such as mechanical stress and cell shape distortion, can produce similar effects on cell behavior as highly specific growth factors. This coordination between structural networks and information networks is critical for the formation and homeostasis of complex tissue structures in multicellular organisms. Taken together, this work conveys the importance of complementing existing “bottom‐up” approaches in systems biology that emphasize comprehensive characterization of molecular processes, with “top‐down” approaches that place these molecular activities within the context of actual system‐level properties at the level of the whole living cell.
Lenalidomide: Targeted Anemia Therapy for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2006)

Lenalidomide, an IMiD drug (a novel type of immunomodulating drug) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of transfusion-dependent anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and interstitial deletions of chromosome 5q [del(5q)]. This review examines the clinical experience from the MDS-001 and MDS-003 clinical trials that led to this approval, the results of biological correlates supporting the targets of drug action, and the results from a non-del(5q) multicenter study (MDS-002). Lenalidomide treatment resulted in both erythroid and cytogenetic responses in the majority of patients with del(5q), accompanied by reductions in inflammatory cytokine generation and marrow microvessel density and improvement in primitive hematopoietic progenitor recovery. Central pathology review showed that resolution of cytologic dysplasia was common in patients with del(5q) but was infrequent in erythroid-responding patients without the chromosome 5 deletion. These findings indicate that lenalidomide promotes erythropoiesis in lower-risk MDS, with two apparently distinct mechanisms of action: suppression of the ineffective del(5q) clone and promotion of effective erythropoiesis in non-del(5q) MDS progenitors. These studies identified lenalidomide as a highly active erythropoietic- and cytogenetic-remitting agent in lower-risk MDS patients who otherwise would not be expected to benefit from recombinant erythropoietin therapy. The most common adverse reactions include dose-dependent neutropenia and thrombocytopenia that are more pronounced in patients with del(5q) in whom early suppression of the clone is expected.
Anti-Tuberculosis Activity of &#945;-Helical Antimicrobial Peptides: De Novo Designed L- and D-Enantiomers Versus L- and D-LL37 (2011)

With the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a new class of antimycobacterial agents with very different modes of action compared to classical antibiotics, are urgently needed. In this study, a series of 26-residue, amphipathic, α-helical antimicrobial peptides consisting of all D-amino acid residues and synthetic human L-LL37 (L-enantiomer) and D-LL37 (D-enantiomer) were investigated against M. tuberculosis susceptible strain (H37Rv) and a clinical multi-drug resistant strain (Vertulo). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined through a peptide killing assay. D5, the most active analog against M. tuberculosis had a MIC value of 11.2 μM (35.2 μg/ml) against H37Rv strain and 15.6 μM (49 μg/ml) against the MDR strain. Peptide D1 had similar activity as D5 against the MDR strain (57 μg/mL), a 9-fold improvement in hemolytic activity and a 7.4-fold better therapeutic index compared to D5. Surprisingly, LL37 enantiomers showed little to no activity compared to the de-novo designed α-helical antimicrobial peptides.
Partial purification and characterization of the glucagon receptor (1983)

Specific labeling of liver plasma membrane glucagon receptors has been achieved by the photoincorporation of a 125 I‐labeled photoderivative of glucagon, N E ‐4‐azidophenylamidinoglucagon. Identification of glucagon receptors was facilitated by irradiating membranes in the presence of excess unlabeled glucagon. Isoelectric focusing of radioiodinated membrane proteins revealed one major band of glucagon displaceable material which had an isoelectric point of 5.85. When this material was isolated and run on SDS‐polyacrylamide gels a major labeled band of M r 55 000 was obtained which had properties consistent with those of the glucagon receptor. These studies indicate that a purification of the glucagon receptor of &gt; 700‐fold can be attained through the use of isoelectric focusing and SDS—polyacrylamide electrophoresis.