gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh refractive index chalcogenide based copolymers for infrared optics(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Current trends in technology development demand increased miniaturization and higher level integration of electronic and photonic components. Such needs arise in emerging imaging systems, optoelectronic devices, optical interconnects and photonic integrated circuits. Compact, integrated photonics requires high refractive index materials, which primarily comprise crystalline and amorphous semiconductors, as well as chalcogenide glasses, which can possess refractive indices higher than 4 and good infrared transparency. There is currently no high refractive index (n ~ 2 or above) that has the low cost production and ease of processing available in optical polymers. Such polymers would potentially cover applications that are not convenient or possible with crystalline and vitreous semiconductors. Examples of such applications include micro lens arrays for image sensors, optical adhesives for bonding and antireflection coatings, and high contrast optical waveguides. While much of the focus has been in the telecommunications transparency regions, significant new opportunities exist for a polymer which is capable of transmitting efficiently in the MWIR region. While there are polymers that have been synthesized with refractive indices as high as 1.75, these polymers are generally conjugated and incorporate heteroatoms such as sulfur or metals, and generally have complex and expensive syntheses. Here we report on new chalcogenide based copolymers with very high refractive index (n ~ 2) that also have good optical transmission properties in the near-, short- and mid-wave infrared up to 5µm. These polymers are rich in sulfur, have low hydrogen content and were made using inverse vulcanization.
The Path from Invention to Product for the Magnetic Thin Film Head (2015)

This chapter helps the reader to understand the principles that made the thin film head program so successful in advancing information storage on disk and tape, and to adapt those elements appropriate to his or her work to similarly advance technology to new heights. It first discusses how the interplay among fabrication processes that were developed for seemingly different applications brought the thin film head into mass production. The chapter highlights the evolution of process technology for fabricating the three major elements of the computer and for electroplating technology: the processor, working memory, high-density, fast-access data storage, and electroplating technology. The invention of the integrated circuit in the late 1950s set the stage for an intensive effort to develop large-scale integration (LSI) processes in the 1960s. The path to production of the thin film head entailed a balanced combination of science, engineering and intuition.
Methodological aspects of minimal residual disease assessment by flow cytometry in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A french multicenter study (2014)

Measurement of MRD by MFC at the 10(-4) cut-off is applicable within a few hours for almost all patients and using a comparable analytical strategy allows for multicenter collaborative studies. The method can be introduced in a strategy aimed at defining the risk of failure of patients with childhood or adult ALL.
Electromagnetically induced transparency in microcavities (2004)

Using detailed numerical simulations, and analytical theory, we study properties of micro-cavities which incorporate materials that exhibit Electro-magnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) or Ultra Slow Light (USL). We find that such systems, while being miniature in size (order wavelength), and integrable, can have some outstanding properties. In particular, they could have lifetimes orders of magnitude longer than other existing systems, and could exhibit non-linear all-optical switching at single photon power levels. Potential applications include miniature atomic clocks, and all-optical quantum information processing.
Use of Electron Microscopy and Microdiffraction for Zeolite Framework Comparison (1997)

Recent successful zeolite structure determination based on electron diffraction and image analysis data shows interesting prospects to characterize zeolitic frameworks provided the crystals are thin enough to produce useful crystallographic phases from image analysis. Zeolite SSZ-25 and porosil ITQ-1 structures were compared to reveal if they are isomorphous to MCM-22 zeolite. By using electron microdiffraction intensity data in the [0001] axis and phases extracted from HREM images taken at different defocus conditions, the resulting projected [0001] potential maps are found to be very similar for both structures and close to that of the MCM-22 zeolite.
Autocatalytic Dissociative Adsorption of Imidazole on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 Surface (2017)

The adsorption of imidazole on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface is studied with ultrahigh vacuum infrared spectroscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations. Imidazole datively bonds to the surface through its pyridinic nitrogen at low coverage, while dissociation of the pyrrolic N–H is observed upon larger exposure. The coverage-dependent change in the product distribution is explained by autocatalytic activation of the dissociative adsorption via interaction between adjacent imidazole adsorbates. These results suggest an alternative explanation for the previously studied adsorption chemistry of bifunctional ethylenediamine on Ge(100)-2 × 1.
Characterization of the precipitated lignin from Japanese beech as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water (2017)

Abstract Japanese beech ( Fagus crenata ) was decomposed by a semi-flow process in hot-compressed water (HCW) at 150~230°C/10 MPa for 25 min. Mainly hemicelluloses and partly the lignin moiety of the wood was affected and liquefied in water. A part of the liquefied products can be precipitated after 12 h standing at ambient conditions. The precipitates are composed of around 90% of lignin, which was quantified and characterized by various chemical and spectroscopic methods in comparison of milled wood lignin (MWL), which is considered to be a representative compound for the native lignin in wood. The yield of the precipitated lignin (L precip ) is higher than that of MWL and its syringyl content is also higher as demonstrated by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO) giving rise to higher syringaldehyde/vanillin (SA/VA) ratios. Its OH phen group content was also high. The interpretation is that L precip is mainly from the secondary wall, and accordingly, the presented semi-flow HCW treatment offers the possibility for an efficient lignin isolation.
In vitro anti-reovirus activity of kuraridin isolated from Sophora flavescens against viral replication and hemagglutination (2015)

In this study, we evaluated the anti-reovirus activity of kuraridin isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. In particular, we focused on whether this property is attributable to direct inhibition of reovirus attachment and/or inhibition of viral replication with the aid of time-of-addition (pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment) experiments. No significant antiviral activity of kuraridin was detected in the pre-treatment assay. In the simultaneous assay, the 50% effective inhibitory concentrations (EC50) of kuraridin were 15.3-176.9 μM against human type 1-3 reoviruses (HRV1-3) and Korean porcine reovirus (PRV). Kuraridin completely blocked binding of viral sigma 1 protein to sialic acids at concentrations lower than 82.5 μM in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Moreover, kuraridin inhibited HRV1-3 and PRV viral replication with EC50 values of 14.0-62.0 μM. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis disclosed strong suppression of reovirus RNA synthesis at the late stage (18 h) of virus replication by kuraridin. The viral yields of kuraridin-treated cells were significantly reduced at 24 h post-infection, compared with DMSO-treated cells. Our results collectively suggest that kuraridin inhibits virus adsorption and replication by inhibiting hemagglutination, viral RNA and protein synthesis and virus shedding, supporting its utility as a viable candidate antiviral drug against reoviruses.
Impingement Heat Transfer on a Cylindrical, Concave Surface With Varying Jet Geometries (2012)

Jet impingement is often employed within the leading edge of modern turbine airfoils to combat the extreme heat loads incurred within this region. This experimental investigation employs a transient liquid crystal technique to obtain detailed Nusselt number distributions on a concave, cylindrical surface that models the leading edge of a turbine airfoil. The effect of hole shape as well as differing hole inlet and exit conditions are investigated. Two hole shapes are studied: cylindrical and racetrack shaped holes; for each hole shape, the hydraulic diameter and mass flow rate into the array of jets is conserved. As a result, the jet’s Reynolds number (Rejet) varies between the two jet arrays. Reynolds numbers of 13600, 27200, and 40700 are investigated for the cylindrical holes and Reynolds numbers of 11500, 23000, and 34600 are investigated for the racetrack holes. Three inlet and exit conditions are investigated for each hole shape: a square edged, a partially filleted, and a fully filleted hole. The ratio of the fillet radius to hole hydraulic diameter (r / dH,Jet) is set at 0.25 and 0.667 for the partially and fully filleted holes, respectively. The relative jet–to–jet spacing (s / dH,Jet) is maintained at 8, the jet–to–target surface spacing (z / dH,Jet) is maintained at 4, the jet–to–target surface curvature (D / dH,Jet) is maintained at 5.33, and the relative jet plate thickness (t / dH,Jet) is maintained at 1.33. Results show the Nusselt number is directly related to the jet Reynolds number for both cylindrical and racetrack shaped holes. The racetrack holes are shown to provide enhanced heat transfer compared to the cylindrical holes for a set mass flow rate. The degree of filleting at the inlet and outlet of the holes affects whether the heat transfer on the leading edge model is further enhanced or degraded.
Chlorophyll fluorescence emission as a reporter on cold tolerance inArabidopsis thalianaaccessions (2011)

Non-invasive, high-throughput screening methods are valuable tools in breeding for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Optical signals such as chlorophyll fluorescence emission can be instrumental in developing new screening techniques. In order to examine the potential of chlorophyll fluorescence to reveal plant tolerance to low temperatures, we used a collection of nine Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and compared their fluorescence features with cold tolerance quantified by the well established electrolyte leakage method on detached leaves. We found that, during progressive cooling, the minimal chlorophyll fluorescence emission rose strongly and that this rise was highly dependent on the cold tolerance of the accessions. Maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry and steady state fluorescence normalized to minimal fluorescence were also highly correlated to the cold tolerance measured by the electrolyte leakage method. In order to further increase the capacity of the fluorescence detection to reveal the low temperature tolerance, we applied combinatorial imaging that employs plant classification based on multiple fluorescence features. We found that this method, by including the resolving power of several fluorescence features, can be well employed to detect cold tolerance already at mild sub-zero temperatures. Therefore, there is no need to freeze the screened plants to the largely damaging temperatures of around -15°C. This, together with the method's easy applicability, represents a major advantage of the fluorescence technique over the conventional electrolyte leakage method.
Analysis, Design and Simulation of Direct-drive PM Wind Power Generators with PWM Rectifiers (2007)

In this paper, control topologies of variable-speed wind turbine system and the advantages of direct-drive permanent magnetic generator (DDPMG) systems with PWM rectifiers were analyzed. Based on the ratings of its power converters, the limitation to keep constant voltage output of DDPMG with the PWM rectifier is derived; correspondingly, in order to extend variable wind turbine speed range, design criteria of DDPMG are discussed in detail. Then, a DDPMG prototype is figured out and simulated with the power converter systems. Simulated results provided a validation for these ideas.
Irreversible activation effects in ethylene polymerization (1993)

Abstract Activation and deactivation phenomena commonly observed in the case of slurry or gas phase ethylene polymerization kinetics are associated to molecular aspects of the formation and inhibition of active centers. As a preliminary study of the problem, we have to identify what step during the formation or action of the active centers is concerned by the well‐known activating agents: temperature, ethylene pressure and α‐olefins addition. They all lead to an irreversible increase in the polymerization rate, which can be attributed to the creation of new active centers. Hydrogen was also considered, since it is an activator for propene polymerization, but it deactivates ethylene polymerization. This deactivation is often partially reversible. Different explanations of this complex behaviour are presented.
Robust and Versatile Arrayed Libraries for Human Genome-Wide CRISPR Activation, Deletion and Silencing (2022)

Abstract Arrayed CRISPR libraries extend the scope of gene-perturbation screens but require large numbers of efficacious sgRNA-expressing vectors. Using a newly invented liquid-phase plasmid cloning methodology, we constructed genome-wide arrayed libraries for human gene ablation (19,936 plasmids), activation, and epigenetic silencing (22,442 plasmids). At least 76% of each plasmid preparation encoded an intact array of 4 non-overlapping sgRNAs designed to tolerate most human DNA polymorphisms. We achieved perturbation efficacies of 75-99%, 76-92% and up to 10,000x in deletion, silencing and activation experiments, respectively. Upon conversion into massively parallel lentiviral vectors, an arrayed activation screen of 1,634 human transcription factors yielded 11 novel regulators of the cellular prion protein PrP C . Furthermore, a screen using a pooled version of the ablation library identified 5 novel modifiers of autophagy that went undetected with either of two 1sgRNA libraries. The CRISPR libraries described here represent a powerful resource for the targeted perturbation of human protein-coding genes.
Nanostructured Lithium Manganese Oxide Cathodes Obtained by Reducing Lithium Permanganate with Methanol (2002)

Reduction of lithium permanganate with methanol in acetonitrile and acetonitrile-water media has been investigated to obtain nanocrystalline lithium manganese oxides. The products have been characterized by wet-chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The samples synthesized in acetonitrile medium consist of a considerable amount of organic residue even after firing at 250°C in vacuum, which could be lowered by introducing water into the synthesis and washing media (acetonitrile-water mixture). Additionally, introduction of lithium hydroxide into the synthesis medium helps to increase the lithium content and Li/Mn ratio in the product and thereby to improve the electrochemical performance. Optimum compositions synthesized in the acetonitrile-water medium exhibit capacities of mAh/g with good cyclability and charge efficiency. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Fases do teste Timed Up and Go como preditoras de quedas futuras em idosos da comunidade (2022)

Resumo Introdução O Timed Up and Go (TUG) é um teste bastante utilizado para avaliar o risco de quedas em idosos. Embora seja uma tarefa complexa, apenas o tempo total do TUG (TTUGT) tem sido utilizado para avaliação. A propagação dos smartphones proporcionou o surgimento de aplicativos para monitoramento de procedimentos diagnósticos. Objetivo Analisar a capacidade de predição de quedas futuras em idosos através das fases do TUG utilizando o teste sTUG Doctor. Métodos Estudo de coorte (1 ano) com 42 participantes utilizando o sTUG Doctor. O evento de queda durante um ano de seguimento foi monitorado por meio de contato telefônico. O número de dias entre a avaliação e a primeira queda ou último contato foi calculado para a análise de sobrevida avaliada por modelos não ajustados e ajustados através de modelos de regressão de risco de Cox. Testes com p &lt; 5% foram considerados estatisticamente significantes e entre 5 e 10% indicati-vos de significância (Epi-InfoTM 7.2). Resultados As quedas foram observadas em 22 (52,38%) participantes (caidores). Os resultados indicaram que nível cognitivo, sintomas depressivos, mulheres e participantes com medo de cair (FES-I) são mais propensos a cair. Caidores tiveram pior desempenho em todas as fases do sTUG Doctor. As razões de chance para previsão de queda foram significativas para TTUGT (1,35; p = 0,029) e número total de passos (1,52; p = 0,057). O TTUGT permaneceu significativo ajustando-se ao sexo, faixa etária, FES-I e nível depressivo. Conclusão O sTUG Doctor foi uma ferramenta importante para prever quedas em idosos da comunidade.
Joint Bit Allocation and Precoding for MIMO Systems With Decision Feedback Detection (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper considers the joint design of bit loading, precoding and receive filters for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital communication system employing decision feedback (DF) detection at the receiver. Both the transmitter as well as the receiver are assumed to know the channel matrix perfectly. It is well known that, for linear MIMO transceivers, a diagonal transmission (i.e., orthogonalization of the channel matrix) is optimal for some criteria. Surprisingly, it was shown five years ago that for the family of Schur-convex functions an additional rotation of the symbols is necessary. However, if the bit loading is optimized jointly with the linear transceiver, then this rotation is unnecessary. Similarly, for DF MIMO optimized transceivers a rotation of the symbols is sometimes needed. The main result of this paper shows that for a DF MIMO transceiver where the bit loading is jointly optimized with the transceiver filters, the rotation of the symbols becomes unnecessary, and because of this, also the DF part of the receiver is not required. The proof is based on a relaxation of the available bit rates on the individual substreams to the set of positive real numbers. In practice, the signal constellations are discrete and the optimal relaxed bit loading has to be rounded. It is shown that the loss due to rounding is small, and an upper bound on the maximum loss is derived. Numerical results are presented that confirm the theoretical results and demonstrate that orthogonal transmission and the truly optimal DF design perform almost equally well. </para>
P3‐272: Pharmacological characterization of novel iminoheterocyclic BACE1 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease for which current symptomatic therapies provide only modest benefit. A dramatic increase in the incidence of AD will occur by 2050 unless novel therapies, capable of slowing the underlying disease process, are approved. CNS accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ40 and Aβ42) is recognized as fundamental in causing AD. Thus agents that prevent the synthesis and accumulation of brain Aβ should slow or halt AD progression. The CNS aspartyl protease BACE1 is the sole β-secretase in vivo for the proteolytic processing of APP to produce Aβ. Since BACE1 knockout mice make no Aβ and display a mild phenotype, small molecule BACE1 inhibitors are considered the best chronic amyloid lowering strategy for AD. As an intracellular CNS aspartyl protease, BACE1 was immediately recognized as a particularly challenging drug target. BACE1 inhibitors must possess good brain and cell penetration properties in order to access the intracellular acidic compartments of the neuron where BACE1 functions. Over a decade of effort on traditional peptidomimetic aspartyl protease inhibitor scaffolds, which lack the desirable properties of CNS drugs, has failed to produce viable BACE inhibitor drug candidates. Using a fragment-based NMR screening approach, a low affinity thioisourea hit was identified (BACE1 NMR Kd = 15 μM; BACE1-HTRF Ki = 100 μM). Protein-NMR, X-Ray analysis and medicinal chemistry efforts around this hit resulted in the discovery of a novel series of cyclic acylguanidine BACE inhibitors with μM affinity. Using a combination of traditional medicinal chemistry coupled with extensive use of CADD, X-ray crystallography and high throughput functional screening a series of iminohydantoin and iminopyrimidinone BACE inhibitors were identified. He we describe the in vitro pharmacological properties of low molecular weight, nonpeptidic, inhibitors at purified human BACE1 and in HEK-293 APPswe/lon expressing cells. Inhibitors possess high affinity BACE inhibition, Ki ∼6-50 nM with greater than 100-fold selectivity over related aspartyl proteases such as cathepsins D and E, pepsin and renin with the exception of the closely related BACE1 homolog, BACE2. These compounds are also potent inhibitors of BACE1-mediated processing of APP in cells with IC50s < 100 nM for inhibition of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 and sAPPβ synthesis.
A Physics-Informed Data-Driven Approach to Additive Manufacturing Parameter Optimization (2019)

Abstract A novel framework including experimental and model-based techniques saves time and enables the introduction of new alloys for additive manufacturing. This article describes the first phase of the probabilistic machine learning framework that was successfully demonstrated to rapidly define optimum parameter sets for commercial high-temperature nickel superalloys, as well as to guide alloy design and selection for compatibility with laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing.
Survey of Nonxanthine Derivatives as Adenosine Receptor Ligands (1996)

The binding affinities at rat A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2a</sub>, and A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptors of a wide range of heterocyclic derivatives have been determined. Mono-, bi-, tricyclic and macrocyclic compounds were screened in binding assays, using either [<sup>3</sup>H]PIA or [<sup>3</sup>H]CGS 21680 in rat brain membranes or [<sup>125</sup>I]AB-MECA in CHO cells stably transfected with rat A<sub>3</sub> receptors. Several new classes of adenosine antagonists (<i>e.g.</i> 5-oxoimidazopyrimidines and a pyrazoloquinazoline) were identified. Various sulfonylpiperazines, 11-hydroxytetrahydrocarbazolenine, 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone, folic acid, and cytochalasin H and J bound to A<sub>3</sub> receptors selectively. Moreover, cytochalasin A, which bound to A<sub>1</sub> adenosine receptors with K<sub>i</sub> value of 1.9 μM, inhibited adenylyl cyclase in rat adipocytes, but not via reversible A<sub>1</sub> receptor binding.