gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Applicability of Speaker Diarization to Audio Indexing of Non-Speech and Mixed Non-Speech/Speech Video Soundtracks (2012)

A video’s soundtrack is usually highly correlated to its content. Hence, audio-based techniques have recently emerged as a means for video concept detection complementary to visual analysis. Most state-of-the-art approaches rely on manual definition of predefined sound concepts such as “ngine sounds,” “utdoor/indoor sounds.” These approaches come with three major drawbacks: manual definitions do not scale as they are highly domain-dependent, manual definitions are highly subjective with respect to annotators and a large part of the audio content is omitted since the predefined concepts are usually found only in a fraction of the soundtrack. This paper explores how unsupervised audio segmentation systems like speaker diarization can be adapted to automatically identify low-level sound concepts similar to annotator defined concepts and how these concepts can be used for audio indexing. Speaker diarization systems are designed to answer the question “ho spoke when?”by finding segments in an audio stream that exhibit similar properties in feature space, i.e., sound similar. Using a diarization system, all the content of an audio file is analyzed and similar sounds are clustered. This article provides an in-depth analysis on the statistic properties of similar acoustic segments identified by the diarization system in a predefined document set and the theoretical fitness of this approach to discern one document class from another. It also discusses how diarization can be tuned in order to better reflect the acoustic properties of general sounds as opposed to speech and introduces a proof-of-concept system for multimedia event classification working with diarization-based indexing.
High-brightness displays made with micro-transfer printed flip-chip microLEDs (2020)

The incumbent flat-panel technologies, liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic light-emitting diode display (OLED), are ill-suited to produce compact, efficient, and robust high-brightness displays. LCDs are very inefficient, only a small fraction (~5%) of the generated light exits the display. To achieve highbrightness LCDs, practitioners create extremely bright back-light units using inorganic LEDs which require expensive and unreliable active cooling solutions. OLEDs use organic molecules to form light emitting diodes within each display pixel. The lifetime of the organic light emitters is inversely proportional with the display brightness; therefore, OLEDs are not suitable for highbrightness applications. In sharp contrast, inorganic LEDs made using wafer-level semiconductor technology are long-lived, even when operating at high luminance. Displays that use inorganic LEDs as the light-emitters within each display pixel already dominate the giant video walls that increasingly decorate our highways and streetscapes. Today, there are many efforts around the world aimed at making highly miniaturized inorganic LEDs, called microLEDs, and developing methods to transfer those microLEDs from their native substrate to the destination display substrate. Effective techniques to produce microLED displays must have the capability to quickly and accurately transfer millions of microscale devices and are called "mass transfer" technologies. Micro-transfer-printing using elastomer stamps is one such "mass transfer" technology that has been used to produce prototype microLED displays. Here, we will describe how micro-transfer-printing combined with wafer-level packaging techniques can produce highbrightness displays. We will provide fabrication details and characterization results of various 5.1" 70 PPI microLED displays. In one example, we produced a monochrome green display using 8 μm x 15 μm flip-chip InGaN microLEDs with a maximum brightness in excess of 30,000 nits. We will highlight application opportunities and remaining challenges for high-brightness displays using microLEDs.
Predicting the quality of processed speech by combining modulation-based features and model trees. (2016)

5 S.
Studies on Hazard Functions and Human Performance (2009)

A powerful tool to assess human performance in visual search tasks involving complex displays is to incorporate hazard functions as a means of quantifying performance in terms of efficiency or capacity. Another advantage of this analysis procedure is to help discover the underlying architecture of the processing of information. Usually more parallel processing of multiple sensory channels has benefits of reduced search time in such tasks. A description of the theoretical basis of hazard functions as they apply to visual search tasks is outlined. A particular case where the human-machine performance is optimized occurs when certain types of displays generate the situation of super capacity which means the capacity coefficient is greater than 1.0. A special signature (survivor interaction contrast function or SIC) of these super capacity displays is decomposed into individual factor’s probability density functions in an effort to discern properties of key factors that may be combined in a manner to improve the efficiency in a visual search task. Using Weibull densities to discern linear combinations of the probability densities for signatures of the super capacity displays provides some insight into how the individual factors in complex displays need to be combined to optimize human performance in visual search tasks.
Fundamental limits of ultrathin metasurfaces (2017)

We present a set of universal relations which relate the local transmission, reflection, and polarization conversion coefficients of a general class of non-magnetic passive ultrathin metasurfaces. We show that these relations are a result of equal forward and backward scattering by single layer ultrathin metasurfaces, and they lead to confinement of the transmission, reflection, and polarization conversion coefficients to limited regions of the complex plane. Using these relations, we investigate the effect of the presence of a substrate, and show that the maximum polarization conversion efficiency for a transmissive metasurface decreases as the refractive index contrast between the substrate and cladding layer increases. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a single layer reflective metasurface can achieve full 2π phase shift coverage without altering the polarization if it is illuminated from the higher refractive index material. We also discuss two approaches for achieving asymmetric scattering from metasurfaces, and realizing metasurfaces which overcome the performance limitations of single layer ultrathin metasurfaces.
Manipulating Flow to Reduce Drag of a Square Cylinder by Using a Self-Sustained Vibrating Rod (2011)

The flow, vortex shedding, and surface pressure of a square cylinder at incidence were manipulated by means of a self-sustained vibrating rod placed around the leading edge of the upwind-facing lateral face of the square cylinder. The flow patterns on the cylinder surface were studied by using the surface-oil flow method for a Reynolds number between 4.5 × 104 and 1.1 × 105 as the incidence angle varied from 0° to 45°. Vortex-shedding characteristics were measured by means of a single-component hot-wire anemometer, and surface-pressure distributions were detected by using a linear-pressure scanner. The results show that owing to the influence of the rod vibration, the flow pattern on the agitated face changed from its natural state of a dual-ring bubble to the mode of boundary-layer separation. The critical incidence angle separating the dual-ring bubble and single-ring bubble modes was advanced to 11° from its natural state of 15°. The locations of the characteristic points on the cylinder surface were altered by the rod vibration, implying that the whole flow field surrounding the square cylinder was modified by the vibrating rod installed around the leading edge of the upwind-facing lateral face. The Strouhal numbers of wake instability of the controlled and uncontrolled cylinders did not present significant difference. The variations of the pressure coefficients induced by the rod vibration were closely related with the modification of the flow field on the cylinder surface. The decreases in the pressure coefficients on the upwind-facing faces and on the leeward-facing faces lead to drag reduction of the controlled cylinder by ∼25% when compared with the uncontrolled cylinder.
Long-Term Stabilization of Sense Signals in a Non-Destructive Readout FeRAM by Intentional Modification of the Polarization Hysteresis Curve for Low Voltage Applications (2003)

2003 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Long-Term Stabilization of Sense Signals in a Non-Destructive Readout FeRAM by Intentional Modification of the Polarization Hysteresis Curve for Low Voltage Applications
Establishing a reproducible approach to study cellular functions of plant cells with 3D bioprinting (2022)

Capturing cell-to-cell signals in a three-dimensional (3D) environment is key to studying cellular functions. A major challenge in the current culturing methods is the lack of accurately capturing multicellular 3D environments. In this study, we established a framework for 3D bioprinting plant cells to study cell viability, cell division, and cell identity. We established long-term cell viability for bioprinted Arabidopsis and soybean cells. To analyze the generated large image datasets, we developed a high-throughput image analysis pipeline. Furthermore, we showed the cell cycle reentry of bioprinted cells for which the timing coincides with the induction of core cell cycle genes and regeneration-related genes, ultimately leading to microcallus formation. Last, the identity of bioprinted Arabidopsis root cells expressing endodermal markers was maintained for longer periods. The framework established here paves the way for a general use of 3D bioprinting for studying cellular reprogramming and cell cycle reentry toward tissue regeneration.
Enantioselective hydrolysis of amino acid esters by apomyoglobin: perfect kinetic resolution of a phenylalanine derivative (2001)

Apoprotein of horse-heart myoglobin promoted enantioselective hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl esters of amino acids, which allowed nearly perfect kinetic resolution of racemic N-Boc-phenylalanine ester (Boc-Phe-ONp).
HPV type-related chromosomal profiles in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (2012)

Chromosomal aberrations in CIN2/3 are at least in part related to the hrHPV type present. The relatively low number of chromosomal aberrations observed in HPV16-positive CIN2/3 suggests that the development of these lesions is less dependent on genetic insult than those caused by other types like HPV31.
In Vivo Antitumor Effects of 4,7-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole Isolated from the Fruiting Body ofAntrodia camphoratathrough Activation of the p53-Mediated p27/Kip1 Signaling Pathway (2012)

In this study, 4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole (SY-1) was isolated from three different sources of dried Antrodia camphorata (AC) fruiting bodies. AC is a medicinal mushroom that grows on the inner heartwood wall of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay (Lauraceae), which is an endemic species that is used in Chinese medicine for its antitumor properties. We demonstrated that SY-1 [given as a 1-30 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal (ip) injection three times per week] profoundly decreased the growth of COLO-205 human colon cancer cell tumor xenografts in an athymic nude mouse model. We further demonstrated that significant AC extract-mediated antitumor effects were observed at the highest concentration (5 g/kg body weight/day). No gross toxicity signs were observed (i.e., body weight changes, general appearance, or individual organ effects). Frozen COLO-205 xenograft tumors were pulverized in liquid N(2), and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins was detected by immunoblotting. We found that the p53-mediated p27/Kip1 protein was significantly induced in the low-dose (1 mg/kg body weight) SY-1-treated tumors, whereas the p21/Cip1 protein levels did not change. The G0/G1 phase cell cycle regulators induced by SY-1 were also associated with a significant decrease in cyclins D1, D3, and A. These results provide further evidence that SY-1 may have significance for cancer chemotherapy.
Theoretical Analysis of Geographic Routing in Social Networks (2005)

We introduce a formal model for geographic social networks, and introduce the notion of rank-based friendship, in which the probability that a person v is a friend of a person u is inversely proportional to the number of people w who live closer to u than v does. We then prove our main theorem, showing that rank-based friendship is a sufficient explanation of the navigability of any geographic social network that adheres to it. 1 A Model of Population Networks There are two key features that we wish to incorporate into our social-network model: geography and population density. We will first describe a very general abstract model; in later sections we examine a concrete grid-based instantiation of it. Definition 1.1 (Population network) A population network is a 5-tuple 〈L, d, P, loc,E 〉 where • L is a finite set of locations (ℓ,s,t,x,y,z,...); • d: L × L − → R + is an arbitrary distance function on the locations; • P is a finite ordered set of people (u,v,w,...); • loc: P − → L is the location function, which maps people to the location in which they live; and • E ⊆ P × P is the set of friendships between people in the network. The ordering on people is required only to break ties when comparing distances between two people. Let P(L) denote the power set of L. Let pop: L − → Z + denote the population of each point on L, where pop(ℓ):=|{u ∈ P: loc(u) =ℓ}|. We overload notation, and let pop: P(L) − → Z + denote the population of a subset of the locations, so that pop(L ′): = ∑ ℓ∈L ′ pop(ℓ). We will write n: = pop(L) =|P | to denote the total population, and m: = |L | to denote the total number of locations in the network.
Integrated Single Inductor Converter for a DC Grid System Connected With Battery and Load (2021)

Among the various dc grid system concepts connected to battery and load, the parallel-connected structure is widely adopted due to its simplicity. However, it has two inductors, which operate simultaneously when using a battery, so the power density and efficiency can be degraded. To alleviate these problems, in this article, we propose a new single inductor converter. By integrating the two converters and using the battery switching cell, the proposed converter can reduce the number of inductors required and employ lower voltage-rated switches. Therefore, the proposed converter can achieve high power density and efficiency. A 500-W prototype converter is implemented, and each mode is examined under various operating conditions to confirm the validity.
Method for separating solids suspended or entrained in a liquid (2023)

A method of separating solids from a slurry or suspension is disclosed. The method includes: providing a slurry or suspension containing solids and liquid to an input port of a first side of a filter, the filter providing a filtering size between 2 microns and 70 microns; providing a liquid discharge port on a second side of the filter which receives the liquid that passes through the filter; and separating the solids from the liquid by pressing the solids into a pressure regulating solids discharge port on the first side of the filter, thereby compacting solids on the first side of the filter, forcing at least some of the liquid of the slurry or suspension through the first side of the filter to the second side of the filter causing pressure regulated solids to be discharged through a pressure regulating solids discharge port into a pressurized chamber.
Trends and Target Implementations for 5G evolution & 6G (2021)

In Japan, commercial 5th-generation mobile communication systems (5G) services first became available in March 2020. Studies of the next generation of communication services (6G) and the telecommunication technology of the 2030s are now gathering momentum. This article provides a summary of the domestic and international trends and schedule prospects for 6G research and development, and the 5G evolution & 6G concept proposed in the DOCOMO 6G White Paper.
Abrogation of CC chemokine receptor 9 ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis of mice (2014)

The interaction between CCL25 and CCR9 may play important roles in cell infiltration into the RA synovial tissues and inflammatory mediator production. Blocking CCL25 or CCR9 may represent a novel safe therapy for RA.
Quantification of Residual Perfume by Py-GC-MS in Fragrance Encapsulate Polymeric Materials Intended for Biodegradation Tests (2020)

Perfume encapsulates are widely used in commercial products to control the kinetic release of odorant molecules, increase storage stability and/or improve deposition on different substrates. In most of the cases, they consist of core-shell polymeric microcapsules that contain fragrance molecules. A current challenge is to design and produce polymeric materials for encapsulation that are both resistant and non-persistent. The selection of such eco-friendly formulations is linked to a deep understanding of the polymeric material used for encapsulation and its biodegradation profile. To collect this information, pure samples of capsule shells are needed. In this article we present an innovative quantification method for residual volatiles based on pyrolysis-GC-MS to enable validation of sample quality prior to further testing. The presented analytical method also led to the development of a robust and comprehensive purification protocol for polymers from commercial samples. Standard techniques are not suited for this kind of measurement due to the non-covalent embedding of volatiles in the 3D structure of the polymers. We demonstrated the confounding impact of residual volatiles on the estimated biodegradability of fragrance encapsulates.
Identification of a regulatory region which controls inducible expression of the human CD200 gene (35.36) (2007)

Abstract CD200 is a type I membrane glycoprotein and plays an important role in prevention of graft rejection, autoimmune diseases and spontaneous abortion by delivering an immunoregulatory signal through interaction with its receptor. The expression of CD200 is not only constitutive but also inducible. We previously documented evidence for C/EBPβ as being important in regulation of constitutive expression of CD200. However, the molecular mechanism(s) controlling inducible expression of CD200 are yet to be defined. Our current studies showed that the expression of CD200 was induced by ConA, IFN-γ and/or TNF-α. To investigate the potential regulatory regions responsible for inducible expression of CD200, a DNase I hypersensitivity assay was performed in Jurkat cells. A prominent hypersensitivity site was detected after stimulation and localized in the region ~ 5.6 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site. Four cis elements were identified in this region: one for NF-κB binding, one IFN-γ activation site (GAS) and two IRF binding sites. To test whether those cis elements play a critical role for inducible expression of CD200, the potential regulatory region was cloned upstream of the CD200 core promoter. Mutation of the binding site for NF-κB, GAS or the first IRF resulted in abolition of the activity of this region, whereas mutation of the second IRF had no effect. A ChIP assay was performed confirming this result.
A Rhodium Catalyst Superior to Iridium Congeners for Enantioselective Radical Amination Activated by Visible Light (2016)

A bis-cyclometalated rhodium(III) complex catalyzes a visible-light-activated enantioselective α-amination of 2-acyl imidazoles with up to 99 % yield and 98 % ee. The rhodium catalyst is ascribed a dual function as a chiral Lewis acid and, simultaneously, as a light-activated smart initiator of a radical-chain process through intermediate aminyl radicals. Notably, related iridium-based photoredox catalysts reported before were unsuccessful in this enantioselective radical C-N bond formation. The surprising preference for rhodium over iridium is attributed to much faster ligand-exchange kinetics of the rhodium complexes involved in the catalytic cycle, which is crucial to keep pace with the highly reactive and thus short-lived nitrogen-centered radical intermediate.
Cyp2j5‐gene Deletion Affects on Acetylcholine and Adenosine‐induced Relaxation in Mice: Role of Angiotensin‐II, CYP‐epoxygenase and Omega‐hydroxylase inhibitors (2020)

Previously, we showed vascular endothelial overexpression of human‐CYP2J2 enhances coronary reactive hyperemia in Tie2‐CYP2J2 Tr mice, but we did not see the response in CYP2J‐epoxygenase knockout mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that Cyp2j5‐gene deletion affects acetylcholine‐, NECA (adenosine)‐and CGS 21680 (adenosine A2A receptor)‐induced relaxation and their response is partially inhibited by angiotensin‐II (Ang‐II) and ω‐hydroxylase inhibitor in mice. ACh‐induced response was tested with N‐(methylsulfonyl)‐2‐(2‐propynyloxy)‐benzenehexanamide (MS‐PPOH, CYP‐epoxygenase inhibitor; 10–5M) and Ang‐II (10‐6M). In Cyp2j5−/− mice, ACh‐induced relaxation was different from C57Bl/6 mice, at 10‐5 M (76.1 ± 3.3 vs. 58.3 ± 5.2, P&lt;0.05). However, ACh‐induced relaxation was not blocked by MS‐PPOH in Cyp2j5−/−: 58.5 ± 5.0%, P&gt;0.05, but blocked in C57Bl/6: 52.3 ± 7.5%, P&lt;0.05, and Ang‐II reduces ACh‐induced relaxation in both Cyp2j5−/− and C57Bl/6 mice (38.8 ± 3.9% and 45.9 ± 7.8, P &lt;0.05). In addition, NECA‐induced response tested with Ang‐II and 20‐HETE inhibitor, dibromo‐dodecenyl‐methylsulfimide (DDMS, 10‐5M). In Cyp2j5−/− mice, NECA‐induced response was not different from C57Bl/6 mice at 10‐5M (23.1 ± 2.1 vs. 21.1 ± 3.8, P&gt;0.05). However, NECA‐induced response was reduced by Ang‐II in both Cyp2j5−/− and C57Bl/6 mice (−10.8 ± 2.3% and 3.2 ± 2.7, P &lt;0.05), and the reduced response due to Ang‐II was partially rescued by DDMS in both Cyp2j5−/− and C57Bl/6 mice (at 10‐5M, A2AAR‐agonist, CGS‐21680, 15.8 ± 3.4% and 13.0 ± 2.3, P &lt;0.05). Data suggest that ACh‐induced relaxation in Cyp2j5−/− mice depends on nitric oxide (NO) but not CYP‐epoxygenases, and the NECA‐induced different response in male vs. female Cyp2j5−/− mice when Ang‐II treated. Support or Funding Information National Institutes of Health (HL‐114559) to M. A. Nayeem and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES025034) to D. C. Zeldin supported this work. Flow diagram: Comparison between Cyp2j5−/− vs. C57Bl/6 mice treated with Acetylcholine, Acetylcholine + MS‐PPOH, Acetylcholine + Ang‐II, NECA, NECA + Ang‐II and CGS 21680 + DDMS + Ang‐II. Figure 1
Motors/generators for traction/propulsion applications: A review (2013)

The growing interest in electrification has led to a growing interest in hybrid/electrical traction applications. Many hybrid/electrical vehicles have been commercially introduced. Various technologies for the traction motors/generators have been developed. The requirements for motors/generators for hybrid/electrical traction applications are very demanding in terms of power density, efficiency, and cost. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the state of the art highlighting the key global trends and tradeoff of various technologies. The article will also discuss future trends and potential areas of research. The article will cover light-duty vehicles (with more focus), medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, off-highway vehicles (OHVs), locomotives, and ship propulsion. The goal of the article is to serve as a comprehensive reference for engineers working in the traction/propulsion area.