gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Internal Filtration in Theranova Hemodialyzers (2017)

High retention onset (HRO) is the designation for a new class of hemodialysis membranes. A unique characteristic of this class is the highly selective and controlled porosity resulting in sieving properties that provide a clinically desirable balance between middle/large molecular weight solute removal and albumin loss. Another defining feature of this membrane class is the relatively small fiber diameter, which produces high convective volumes in the form of internal filtration. The aim of the present study was to estimate, by semi-empirical methods, convective volumes for 2 new HRO dialyzers: Theranova 400 and Theranova 500 (Baxter International Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA). Axial blood and dialysate compartment pressure drop along with transmembrane pressure, measured in vitro with blood (Qb = 300 or 400 mL/min; Qd = 500 mL/min; net ultrafiltration rate = 0), served as input parameters for 3 different models: linear, geometric, and (non-linear) mathematical. Based on the most rigorous mathematical model, the estimated convective volumes were 1,661 mL/h (Qb = 300 mL/min) and 1,911 mL/h (Qb = 400 mL/min) for Theranova 400 and 1,864 mL/h (Qb = 300 mL/min) and 1,978 mL/h (Qb = 400 mL/min) for Theranova 500. These results suggest that the unique fiber characteristics of this new class of membranes provide substantial convective volumes without the need for exogenous substitution fluid. As such, HRO membranes are a major end-stage renal disease treatment advance in the quest to enhance the removal of larger-sized uremic toxins.
Effects of pathophysiological concentrations of albumin on NHE3 activity and cell proliferation in primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells (2003)

The progression of renal disease correlates strongly with hypertension and the degree of proteinuria, suggesting a link between excessive Na+ reabsorption and exposure of the proximal tubule to protein. The present study investigated the effects of albumin on cell growth and Na+ uptake in primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells (PTC). Albumin (1.0 mg/ml) increased cell proliferation to 134.1 +/- 11.8% (P < 0.001) of control levels with no change in levels of apoptosis. Exposure to 0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml albumin increased total 22Na+ uptake to 119.1 +/- 6.3% (P = 0.005) and 115.6 +/- 5.3% (P < 0.006) of control levels, respectively, because of an increase in Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) activity. This was associated with an increase in NHE3 mRNA to 161.1 +/- 15.1% (P < 0.005) of control levels in response to 0.1 mg/ml albumin. Using confocal microscopy with a novel antibody raised against the predicted extracellular NH2 terminus of human NHE3, we observed in nonpermeabilized cells that exposure of PTC to albumin (0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml) increased NHE3 at the cell surface to 115.4 +/- 2.7% (P < 0.0005) and 122.4 +/- 3.7% (P < 0.0001) of control levels, respectively. This effect was paralleled by significant increases in NHE3 in the subplasmalemmal region as measured in permeabilized cells. These albumin-induced increases in expression and activity of NHE3 in PTC suggest a possible mechanism for Na+ retention in response to proteinuria.
Linear-complexity relaxed word Mover's distance with GPU acceleration (2017)

The amount of unstructured text-based data is growing every day. Querying, clustering, and classifying this big data requires similarity computations across large sets of documents. Whereas low-complexity similarity metrics are available, attention has been shifting towards more complex methods that achieve a higher accuracy. In particular, the Word Mover's Distance (WMD) method proposed by Kusner et al. is a promising new approach, but its time complexity grows cubically with the number of unique words in the documents. The Relaxed Word Mover's Distance (RWMD) method, again proposed by Kusner et al., reduces the time complexity from qubic to quadratic and results in a limited loss in accuracy compared with WMD. Our work contributes a low-complexity implementation of the RWMD that reduces the average time complexity to linear when operating on large sets of documents. Our linear-complexity RWMD implementation, henceforth referred to as LC-RWMD, maps well onto GPUs and can be efficiently distributed across a cluster of GPUs. Our experiments on real-life datasets demonstrate 1) a performance improvement of two orders of magnitude with respect to our GPU-based distributed implementation of the quadratic RWMD, and 2) a performance improvement of three to four orders of magnitude with respect to our distributed WMD implementation that uses GPU-based RWMD for pruning.
Energy Efficient Coordinated Self-Backhauling for Ultra-Dense 5G Networks (2017)

In recent past, the exponential growth in data rate demands have led to network operators constantly upgrading their network infrastructure in order to keep up with the demand. While the trends for data rate requirements are expected to continue in the future, mobile networks as part of evolution towards fifth generation (5G) are also expected to support new services, use cases and industry verticals, with the key enabler being ultra-densification of the network. The unavoidable consequence of ultra-dense network (UDN) deployments is the significant increase of the network power consumption both due to higher number of base stations within the radio access network (RAN) and corresponding backhaul (BH) links. In this work, we propose a coordinated RAN-BH operation using self-backhauling (sBH) nodes, which are essentially base stations with features enabling wireless backhaul connectivity, to minimize network power consumption in 5G UDNs. Numerical evaluations done using realistic network settings indicate the significant potential of having such mechanisms in 5G. The power saving gains are obtained due to the use of lean system design, with the RAN and sBH nodes operating synchronously, depending on the real-time network load.
Causal Analysis and Data Mining of Well Stimulation Data Using Classification and Regression Tree with Enhancements (2013)

Abstract The well treatment program is an important part of the field development plan, and certain variables, such as job pause time (JPT) and fracture screenout, can affect its efficiency. JPT is the time during which pumping is paused in between subsequent treatments of a job. Screenout occurs because of a sudden restriction of fluid flow inside the fracture and through the perforation. The objectives of this work are to investigate whether, from existing data, it is possible to find patterns in significant variables that affect the extreme values of JPT in a particular region and what is the most critical variable causing screenout. The answers are sought by applying a classification and regression tree (CART) to both categorical and continuous variables in the database. The practical application of CART is presented using case studies containing JPT and screenout. Significant variables are found that affect the response variables, and predictor variables are ranked in the hierarchal order of their importance. Such information can be used to control predictor variables that cause high JPT or screenout. The results are outlined in an intuitive way, including categorical, continuous, and missing values. Because CART is a data driven, deterministic model, one cannot calculate the confidence interval of the predicted response. The confidence in results is purely based on the historical values, and the accuracy of the result produced by a tree model depends on the quality of recorded data measured in terms of volume, reliability, and consistency. The prediction capability of CART is enhanced by using the normal score transform (NST) and by dividing the large dataset into smaller groups using clustering. The approach presented in this paper analyzes a dataset under limited information and high uncertainty and should lead to developing methodology for generating proxy models to find future success indices (e.g., one for drilling efficiency or production from a fracture). This could standardize stimulation and generate decision practices to save costs in field development and the optimization process.
Screening the activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs against M. bovis BCG Connaught and M. bovis BCG Pasteur growing in J774A.1 cell line macrophages (2016)

Mycobacterium bovis BCG is attenuated strain derived from M. bovis. It has been known to prevent childhood pulmonaryand meningeal tuberculosis and to treat superficial bladder cancer as immunotherapy. Administration of BCG has beenrestricted to immune-deficient individuals since 2007 because of its combined complications. Which treated withantituberculosis drugs based on assumption is fully responsive to these drugs. BCG Connaught showed moresusceptibility to the activity of isoniazid, ethambutol, kanamycin, ofloxacin, streptomycin, amikacin and capreomycinthan BCG Pasteur growing in J774A.1 cells. While the activity of rifampicin and levofloxacin was the same between thetwo tested strains. The spectrum of intracellular drug action can be ordered based on a decreasing order of inhibitoryactivity, as following rifampin > isoniazid > ethambutol > streptomycin > kanamycin> amikacin> ofloxacin>capreomycin> levofloxacin against BCG Connaught. While rifampin > isoniazid > ethambutol > kanamycin =streptomycin > ofloxacin> amikacin> levofloxacin> capreomycin for BCG Pasteur. There is a very limited publicationsdescribe the activity of antituberculosis drugs against intracellular growing BCG strains
Annealing and Defect Trapping in Lamellar Phases of Triblock Terpolymers (2003)

Equilibrium morphologies in molten ABC triblock terpolymers are much more difficult to attain than in AB diblocks. Here, we show that even the simplest lamellar structures exhibit high sensitivity to preparation conditions and that strongly trapped structural defects inherent to ABC triblock architecture cannot be removed by long annealing. Poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) triblock terpolymers with nearly symmetric composition and low molar mass are studied by combining transmission electron microscopy with dynamical mechanical analysis and small-angle X-ray scattering. We find that annealing can induce a transition from a lamellar structure in which S and M end blocks are mixed together to a lamellar structure where all three components S, B, and M are segregated. The presence of B “loops” and B “bridges” is at the origin of characteristic defects which are difficult to eliminate. In a blend of SBM triblock terpolymer with a poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene) (SB) diblock having the same block length, diblock chains are completely incorporated in the lamellar structure obtained after solvent evaporation. However, annealing induces a macroscopic phase separation of SB and SBM chains. We propose a scenario for the separation mechanisms based on highly confined diffusion of SB chains within the SBM ordered structures.
Complexation and form of poly(vinylpyridine) derivatives with copper(II) in aqueous solution (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleComplexation and form of poly(vinylpyridine) derivatives with copper(II) in aqueous solutionHiroshi Nishikawa and Eishun TsuchidaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 19, 2072–2076Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100586a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100586a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase fromEscherichia coli (1999)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The complexity of the anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase Activity depends on the presence of a glycyl radical on the large component The small protein contains a unique iron-sulfur center Reduction of AdoMet by the reduced Fe-S center and formation of the glycyl radical A radical mechanism in class III RNRs A whole class of AdoMetdependent metalloenzymes Conclusion
A Study on the Formation of Serrated Grain Boundaries and its Applications in Nimonic 263 (2010)

The formation of serrated grain boundaries and its subsequent effect on creep resistance have been investigated in a wrought nickel based superalloy Nimonic 263. The grain boundaries were considerably serrated without the presence of γ' phases or M23C6 when a specimen was slow-cooled from the solution treatment temperature. The high resolution observation on the lattice image of the serrated grain boundary suggested that the grain boundaries tended to serrate to have specific segments approaching to one {111} low-index plane at a boundary in order to have lower interfacial free energy of grain boundary. The grain boundary serration led to a change in M23C6 carbide characteristics: the carbide morphology from granular to planar, a lowered density and their coherency pattern to two neighboring grains from consistent to zigzag. The improvement of creep resistance was noticeably observed by the introduction of GB serration without deterioration of basic mechanical properties. This improvement in creep resistance by the serration was associated with a lower rate of cavitation and crack propagation through the modification of carbide characteristics as well as grain boundary configuration.
Development of a New Approach to Vascular Access (1999)

Three modes of access for hemodialysis (HD) have been available for over 20 years, the native arterial to venous (A-V) fistula, the polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) graft fistula, and the central venous catheter. Overall, vascular access remains the single most costly source of morbidity and hospitalization in HD patients, indicating a severe need for improvement in this area. A significant contributor to access morbidity is the HD catheter, which protrudes through the skin and is subject to frequent infection. Subcutaneous ports have been developed to overcome this problem with catheters, but their application to HD has been elusive for 2 reasons, the use of a degradable septum that becomes vulnerable to infection with the use of large bore needles and the presence of a nonlinear flow path which produces damage to blood cells and stimulates thrombus formation at the required high flow rates. A new device, the Dialock, overcomes these objections by its use of a mechanical valve that maintains a linear flow path without directly contacting the blood. Results of a pilot study with 23 patients demonstrated a 78% cumulative survival rate after 1 year with a reduced rate of infection compared to catheters and sustained blood flow of 330 ml/min. The device represents a most promising advance in vascular access.
Agent-based mediated control in smart grids (2011)

The emerging smart grid is a complex system of systems that will heavily depend on information and communication technologies for monitoring and control. As it aims at integrating multiple stakeholders including the end-users, there is evident the need for automating these mass interactions. Agents pose an interesting approach that could empower several aspects of the evolving infrastructure. Applications areas include modelling and simulation, end-user mediation, asset management etc. Especially in dealing with non-deterministic behaviour and empowering automation and negotiation will be valuable in strengthening the cooperation and service-driven interaction of smart grid stakeholders.
Polar agents with differentiation inducing capacity potentiate tumor necrosis factor-mediated cytotoxicity in human myeloid cell lines (1995)

Cotreatment or pretreatment of several human myeloid cell lines (KG1, HL60, U937, THP1) with the differentiation inducer DMSO was found to potentiate the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of TNF. In addition, TNF-resistant monocytic cell lines could be sensitized to TNF cytotoxicity by DMSO treatment. Other highly polar molecules, known to be potent differentiation inducers, showed similar effects to those of DMSO. The potentiating effect of DMSO was related neither to an up-regulation of TNF receptor expression nor to an alteration in the rate of TNF internalization and degradation. We present evidence that the TNF activities are p55 TNF receptor-mediated and are not due to insertion of TNF into lipid bilayers, an effect that could be susceptible to DMSO, as this component has been described to modify cell membrane characteristics. DMSO-induced potentiation of TNF cytostasis/cytotoxicity was restricted to myeloid leukemia cell lines. In non-myeloid cells such as fibrosarcomas, myosarcomas, thymomas, or carcinomas, DMSO was found either not to alter or to inhibit TNF-induced cell death. The latter results are in good agreement with data reported by others who suggested that DMSO could act as a scavenger of TNF-induced toxic radical formation. The potential correlation in myeloid cells between DMSO-induced changes in the cells' differentiation status and DMSO-enhanced TNF-susceptibility is discussed.
Identification of Viruses Using Microfluidic Protein Profiling and Bayesian Classification (2008)

We present a rapid method for the identification of viruses using microfluidic chip gel electrophoresis (CGE) of high-copy number proteins to generate unique protein profiles. Viral proteins are solubilized by heating at 95 degrees C in borate buffer containing detergent (5 min), then labeled with fluorescamine dye (10 s), and analyzed using the microChemLab CGE system (5 min). Analyses of closely related T2 and T4 bacteriophage demonstrate sufficient assay sensitivity and peak resolution to distinguish the two phage. CGE analyses of four additional viruses--MS2 bacteriophage, Epstein-Barr, respiratory syncytial, and vaccinia viruses--demonstrate reproducible and visually distinct protein profiles. To evaluate the suitability of the method for unique identification of viruses, we employed a Bayesian classification approach. Using a subset of 126 replicate electropherograms of the six viruses and phage for training purposes, successful classification with non-training data was 66/69 or 95% with no false positives. The classification method is based on a single attribute (elution time), although other attributes such as peak width, peak amplitude, or peak shape could be incorporated and may improve performance further. The encouraging results suggest a rapid and simple way to identify viruses without requiring specialty reagents such as PCR probes and antibodies.
Cooling the Tip of a Turbine Blade Using Pressure Side Holes—Part II: Heat Transfer Measurements (2005)

Abstract The clearance gap between a turbine blade tip and its associated shroud allows leakage flow across the tip from the pressure side to the suction side of the blade. Understanding how this leakage flow affects heat transfer is critical in extending the durability of a blade tip, which is subjected to effects of oxidation and erosion. This paper is the second of a two-part series that discusses the augmentation of tip heat transfer coefficients as a result of blowing from film-cooling holes placed along the pressure side of a blade and from dirt purge holes placed on the tip. For the experimental investigation, three scaled-up blades were used to form a two-passage, linear cascade in a low-speed wind tunnel. The rig was designed to simulate different tip gap sizes and film-coolant flow rates. Heat transfer coefficients were quantified by using a constant heat flux surface placed along the blade tip. Results indicate that increased film-coolant injection leads to increased augmentation levels of tip heat transfer coefficients, particularly at the entrance region to the gap. Despite increased heat transfer coefficients, an overall net heat flux reduction to the blade tip results from pressure-side cooling because of the increased adiabatic effectiveness levels. The area-averaged results of the net heat flux reduction for the tip indicate that there is (i) little dependence on coolant flows and (ii) more cooling benefit for a small tip gap relative to that of a large tip gap.
Editing and Pnblishing in Nefwork Bra (2001)

The rapid development of network has exerted a tremendous impact on the publishing cirde where people have strongly sensed its shock on some tradifional mass media indnding books and magazines. The artide explores the editorial work in network era in accordance with the developing trend from tradtional publishing to subjunctive network publishing,and ways to modernize it.
Fluoride-assisted detection of glutathione by surface Ce3+/Ce4+ engineered nanoceria (2022)

Nanoceria has evolved as a promising nanomaterial due to its unique enzyme-like properties, including excellent oxidase mimetic activity, which significantly increases in the presence of fluoride ions. However, this significant increase in oxidase activity has never been utilised as a signal enhancer for the detection of biological analytes partly because of the lack of understanding of the mechanism involved in this process. In this study, we show that the surface oxidation state of cerium ions plays a very crucial role in different enzymatic activities, especially the oxidase mimetic activity by engineering nanoceria with three different surface Ce<sup>4+</sup>/Ce<sup>3+</sup> compositions. Using DFT calculations combined with Bader charge analysis, it is demonstrated that stoichiometric ceria registers a higher oxidase mimetic activity than oxygen-deficient ceria with a low Ce<sup>4+</sup>/Ce<sup>3+</sup> ratio due to a higher charge transfer from a substrate, 3,3',5,5' tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), to the ceria surface. We also show that the fluoride ions can significantly increase the charge transfer from the TMB surface to ceria irrespective of the surface Ce<sup>4+</sup>/Ce<sup>3+</sup> ratio. Using this knowledge, we first compare the fluoride sensing properties of nanoceria with high Ce<sup>4+</sup> and mixed Ce<sup>4+</sup>/Ce<sup>3+</sup> oxidation states and further demonstrate that the linear detection range of fluoride ions can be extended to 1-10 ppm for nanoceria with mixed oxidation states. Then, we also demonstrate an assay for fluoride assisted detection of glutathione, an antioxidant with elevated levels during cancer, using nanoceria with a high surface Ce<sup>4+</sup>/Ce<sup>3+</sup> ratio. The addition of fluoride ions in this assay allows the detection of glutathione in the linear range of 2.5-50 ppm with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.8 ppm. These studies not only underpin the role of the surface Ce<sup>4+</sup>/Ce<sup>3+</sup> ratio in tuning the fluoride assisted boost in the oxidase mimetic activity of nanoceria but also its strategic application in designing better colourimetric assays.
CT Image Contrast of High-ZElements: Phantom Imaging Studies and Clinical Implications (2015)

The consistently high image contrast produced with 100-140 kVp by tantalum compared with bismuth and iodine at equal mass concentration suggests that tantalum could potentially be favorable for use as a clinical CT contrast agent.