gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MP60-10 INTENSITY OF PREOPERATIVE TESTING FOR URETHROPLASTY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH OUTCOMES (2020)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: With increased emphasis on healthcare spending and value-based care, it is important that physicians are judicious when pursuing preoperative testing in patients undergoing low-risk surgical procedures. Our goal was to investigate the current practice of routine preoperative testing before urethroplasty and to determine if the results are clinically significant. METHODS: Data was obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. We identified 1,527 patients who underwent urethroplasty from 2010 to 2017. Chi square and one-way ANOVA tests were used to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively, in the propensity matched cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to assess the rate of complications between testing groups. RESULTS: A total of 8,455 individual laboratory tests were performed on 1,156 patients (average of 7 tests per patient), with only 959 labs (11.3%) showing abnormal results. Of the 1,156 patients, 629 (54.4%) patients had at least one abnormal lab. Patients who had at least one abnormal preoperative lab were found to be significantly older (51.49±16.57 years vs. 48.14±16.32 years; p<0.001), and to be smokers (112 (17.8%) vs. 63 (12%); p=0.005). Additionally, they were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (112 (17.8%) vs. 63 (12%); p<0.001), dyspnea (18(2.9%) vs. 16(3.0%); p=0.029), and ASA class ≥3 when compared to the group with normal preoperative labs. On a multivariable logistic regression, abnormal preoperative tests were not predictive of intra- or postoperative complications in patients with ASA ≤ 2 (n=1112) when adjusted for age and race. In patients with ASA class ≥ 3, the only lab predictive of postoperative complications was an abnormal coagulation profile. Not performing labs routinely on ASA ≤ 2 saved $523.298 in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining routine preoperative labs, especially in patients with ASA ≤ 2, does not affect postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing urethroplasty. Judicious use of preoperative testing may significantly curtail extraneous utilization of health care resources.Source of Funding: none
Adding a Flow-Oriented Paradigm to Commodity Operating Systems (2005)

The speed of CPUs and memories has historically outstripped I/O, but emerging network and storage technologies promise to invert this relationship. As a result, fundamental assumptions about the role of the operating system in computing systems will have to change. We propose an operating and application architecture that removes the CPU and memory from the path of high-speed I/O. In our model, the operating system becomes a data-flow manager and applications merely direct this flow instead of directly participating in it. Our proof-of-concept prototype, which we implemented on an FPGA board, nearly doubled the throughput of a simple cryptographic networking application, suggesting our model can provide a substantial improvement.
Intraoperative Molds to Create an Articulating Spacer for the Infected Knee Arthroplasty (2010)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Broad Spectrum Inhibitor of Influenza A and B Viruses Targeting the Viral Nucleoprotein (2017)

S119 was a top hit from an ultrahigh throughput screen performed to identify novel inhibitors of influenza virus replication. It showed a potent antiviral effect (50% inhibitory concentration, IC<sub>50</sub> = 20 nM) and no detectable cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration, CC<sub>50</sub> > 500 μM) to yield a selectivity index greater than 25 000. Upon investigation, we found that S119 selected for resistant viruses carrying mutations in the viral nucleoprotein (NP). These resistance mutations highlight a likely S119 binding site overlapping with but not identical to that found for the compound nucleozin. Mechanism of action studies revealed that S119 affects both the oligomerization state and cellular localization of the NP protein which has an impact on viral transcription, replication, and protein expression. Through a hit-to-lead structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, we found an analog of S119, named S119-8, which had increased breadth of inhibition against influenza A and B viruses accompanied by only a small loss in potency. Finally, in vitro viral inhibition assays showed a synergistic relationship between S119-8 and oseltamivir when they were combined, indicating the potential for future drug cocktails.
A hybrid domain articulatory speech synthesizer (1985)

Articulatory speech synthesizers model the human vocal tract by means of its geometrical and functional properties. It is believed that this approach can be advantageous in speech coding at bit rates below 4800 b/s. Existing articulatory synthesizers work in the time domain. They either solve a system of differential equations for the vocal tract and the glottis, or synthesize speech using wave digital filters. The first approach is computationally very cumbersome. Both approaches have difficulties in incorporating important acoustic parameters, for example, the radiation impedance at the lips, wall vibration, and other losses. So far a realistic glottis model suitable for the wave digital filter approach does not exist. We have combined a nonlinear time-domain model of the vocal cords [K. Ishizaka and J. L. Flanagan, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 51, 1233–1268 (1972)] with a linear frequency-domain chain-matrix model of the vocal tract [e.g., M. M. Sondhi, paper ♯4.5.1, Proc. Int. Congress on Acoustics, Paris, France, 1983, Vol. 4, pp. 167–170]. The interface between these two models consists of convolving the glottal flow in the time domain with impulse responses of the tract obtained by inverse FFT. Examples of synthesized speech using manually generated and measured tract areas will be given.
Capsule retention related to small bowel capsule endoscopy: a large European single‐center 10‐year clinical experience (2016)

This large clinical material demonstrates that CR is a rare complication with a favorable clinical outcome. Most patients with CR can be electively managed with non-surgical intervention.
Theoretical study of the fraction of a long‐chain DNA that can be incorporated in a recombinant DNA partial‐digest library (1982)

Abstract Experimental evidence indicates that the cleavage sites for site‐specific DNA cleavage enzymes are randomly distributed throughout the DNA polymer [Botchan et al. (1973) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantum Biol. 38 , 383–395; Hamer and Thomas (1973) Chromosoma 49 , 243–267]. Using this information we derive equations for the probability that a DNA base pair chosen at random can be found within the population of enzymatically generated partial cleavage products whose lengths fall between L + 1 and L + r base pairs. The results describe the fraction of a long‐chain DNA that can be incorporated in a recombinant DNA partial digest library. The weight‐fraction distribution of Kuhn (1930) is a special case of the distribution derived here.
Platelets and Megakaryocytes Contain Functional Nuclear Factor-κB (2009)

These novel findings support a crucial and nonclassical role for the NF-kappaB family in modulating platelet function and reveal that platelets are sensitive to NF-kappaB inhibitors. As NF-kappaB inhibitors are being developed as antiinflammatory and anticancer agents, they may have unintended effects on platelets. On the basis of these data, NF-kappaB is also identified as a new target to dampen unwanted platelet activation.
3D MR Elastography of Hepatocellular Carcinomas as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Tumor Recurrence (2018)

4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:719-730.
Un modèle d'enseignement génératif de la photosynthèse (1992)

A generative learning strategy about photosynthesis , Miles Barker, Malcolm Carr Three strategies for teaching and learning about photosynthesis are described and criticized on the grounds that none of them promotes understanding of photosynthesis as a carbohydrate-producing process in a way which can be related to students’prior knowledge. A new strategy exploring the material aspects of photosynthesis (carbohydrate production) based on the generative learning model of Osborne and Wittrock (1985) has been developed. A teaching package entitled “Where Does The Wood Come From ?" has been trialled with a class of 26 fouth formers (14-year-olds). Seventy-one per cent of the students acquired a view of photosynthesis as a carbohydrate-producing process. Some novel techniques for implementing constructivist theory in the classroom (investigations, surveys, a self-teach booklet, check-points) are described. Modifications to the generative learning model itself, especially its apparently sequential nature, are suggested.
Nitrogen removal by denitrification during cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Taihu (2012)

To understand the effect of cyanobacterial blooms on nitrogen transformations in eutrophic Lake Taihu, the variation in nitrate concentration during a bloom was observed in a field simulation experiment. This result showed that the cyanobacterial bloom might cause nitrate depletion in an aquatic ecosystem. To further investigate this field result, nitrate transformations after the addition of cyanobacteria collected from Lake Taihu were traced in laboratory microcosms with the 15N isotope addition method. About 81.2% and 98.4% of nitrate was lost when 2 × 109 and 4 × 109 cells L−1 of cyanobacteria were added, respectively. The nitrate concentration decrease followed first-order kinetics with the rate constant 0.23 and 1.41 d−1 in the two treatments, respectively. Conventional denitrification was found to play a major role in the nitrate removal process while other pathways (e.g., dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium [DNRA] and assimilation of nitrate into microbial biomass) were negligible. It was likely that the cyanobacterial respiration as well as their decomposition resulted in anoxic conditions and that cyanobacteria also served as a carbon source for denitrification. Based on the above results, it was estimated that 109 cells of cyanobacteria were enough for denitrifiers to remove 0.53 mmol nitrate in the eutrophic lake ecosystem. Therefore, cyanobacterial blooms have the potential for nitrogen removal by denitrification and this process could cause nitrogen limitation of primary production in summer in Lake Taihu. This interactive relationship of nitrogen and cyanobacteria potentially constitutes a negative feedback for mitigating cyanobacterial blooms in this eutrophic lake environment.
Modeling and vibration analysis of quartz yaw rate sensor to reduce mechanical coupling (2002)

The reduction of the mechanical coupling intensity between driving and a detection is indispensable to improve the performance of the yaw rate sensors (gyro). We analyzed the mechanical coupling with a combination of two models, one is a static model of bending sensor beam with the geometrically cross section, and another is a dynamic model of two degrees of freedom system. This analysis proves that the origin of the mechanical coupling is a static tiny displacement of the sensor beam due to the asymmetry of the cross section, and the tiny displacement is amplified extremely by resonance effect. The relationships between the static model with asymmetric ratio of the beam's cross section, and the dynamic model with a resonant frequency differential ratio between drive and detection modes, give the basic guideline for the designs and fabrications of yaw rate sensors.
FGF-dependent generation of oligodendrocytes by a hedgehog-independent pathway (2003)

During development, spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) originate from the ventral, but not dorsal, neuroepithelium. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) has crucial effects on oligodendrocyte production in the ventral region of the spinal cord; however, less is known regarding SHH signalling and oligodendrocyte generation from neural stem cells (NSCs). We show that NSCs isolated from the dorsal spinal cord can generate oligodendrocytes following FGF2 treatment, a MAP kinase dependent phenomenon that is associated with induction of the obligate oligogenic gene Olig2. Cyclopamine, a potent inhibitor of hedgehog signalling, did not block the formation of oligodendrocytes from FGF2-treated neurosphere cultures. Furthermore, neurospheres generated from SHH null mice also produced oligodendrocytes, even in the presence of cyclopamine. These findings are compatible with the idea of a hedgehog independent pathway for oligodendrocyte generation from neural stem cells.
Fibroageing: An ageing pathological feature driven by dysregulated extracellular matrix-cell mechanobiology (2021)

Ageing is a multifactorial biological process leading to a progressive decline of physiological functions. The process of ageing includes numerous changes in the cells and the interactions between cell-cell and cell-microenvironment remaining as a critical risk factor for the development of chronic degenerative diseases. Systemic inflammation, known as inflammageing, increases as a consequence of ageing contributing to age-related morbidities. But also, persistent and uncontrolled activation of fibrotic pathways, with excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and organ dysfunction is markedly more frequent in the elderly. In this context, we introduce here the concept of Fibroageing, that is, the propensity to develop tissue fibrosis associated with ageing, and propose that ECM is a key player underlying this process. During ageing, molecules of the ECM become damaged through many modifications including glycation, crosslinking, and accumulation, leading to matrix stiffness which intensifies ageing-associated alterations. We provide a framework with some mechanistic hypotheses proposing that stiff ECM, in addition to the well-known activation of fibrotic positive feedback loops, affect several of the hallmarks of ageing, such as cell senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, and in this context, is a key mechanism and a driver thread of Fibroageing.
Abstract 18845: Induced Cardiac Progenitor Cells Differentiate Into Cardiac Lineage Cells in vivo and Improve Survival in Mice post Myocardial Infarction (2015)

Several studies have reported reprogramming of fibroblasts (Fibs) to induced cardiomyocytes, and we have recently reprogrammed mouse Fibs to induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs), which may be more favorable for cardiac repair because of their expandability and multipotency. Adult cardiac (AC), lung and tail-tip Fibs from an Nkx2.5-EYFP reporter mouse were reprogrammed using a combination of five defined factors into iCPCs. Transcriptome and immunocytochemistry analysis revealed that iCPCs were cardiac mesoderm-restricted progenitors that expressed CPC markers including Nkx2.5, Gata4, Irx4, Tbx5, Cxcr4, Flk1 etc. iCPCs could be extensively expanded (over 30 passages) while maintaining multipotency to differentiate in vitro into cardiac lineage cells including cardiomyocytes (CMs), smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. iCPC derived CMs upon co-culture with mESC-derived CMs formed intercellular gap junctions, exhibited calcium transients, and contractions. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo potency of iCPCs. Given that the Nkx2.5-EYFP reporter identifies embryonic CPCs, we first tested the embryonic potency of iCPCs using an ex vivo whole embryo culture model injecting cells into the cardiac crescent (CC) of E8.5 mouse embryos and culturing for 24 to 48 hours. GFP labeled AC Fibs were first tested and live imaging revealed that after 24 hours these cells were rejected from the embryo proper and localized to the ecto-placental cone. In contrast, iCPCs reprogrammed from AC Fibs when injected into the CC localized to the developing heart tube and differentiated into MLC2v, αMHC and cardiac actin expressing CMs. Further we injected iCPCs into infarcted adult mouse hearts and determined their regenerative potential after 1-4 wks. The iCPCs significantly improved survival (p&lt;0.01 Mantel-Cox test) in treated animals (75%) as compared to control (11%). Immunohistochemistry revealed that injected iCPCs localized to the scar area and differentiated into cardiac lineage cells including CMs (cardiac actin). These results indicate that lineage reprogramming of adult somatic cells into iCPCs provides a scalable cell source for cardiac regenerative therapy as well as drug discovery and disease modeling.
Three-dimensionally periodic dielectric layered structure with omnidirectional photonic band gap (2000)

A three-dimensionally periodic dielectric structure with a large complete photonic band gap (PBG) is presented. The structure is distinguished by a sequence of planar layers, identical except for a horizontal offset, and repeating every three layers to form an fcc lattice. The layers can be thought of as an alternating stack of the two basic two-dimensional (2D) PBG slab geometries: rods in air and air cylinders in dielectric. These high-symmetry planar cross-sections should simplify the integration of optical devices and components by allowing modification of only a single layer, using simple defects of the same form as in the corresponding 2D systems. A process for fabricating the structure with conventional planar microfabrication technology is described. Gaps of over 21% are obtained for Si/air substrates. Reasonable gaps, over 8%, can be achieved even for the moderate index ratio of 2.45 (Si/SiO2).
Effects of heat pump scheduling on low‐voltage grids using a receding horizon control strategy (2023)

Abstract Heat pumps (HPs) are a promising option for decarbonizing the residential heating sector. Their use leads to an increased demand for electricity, which can burden the grid in uncontrolled operation, while controlled HPs can provide additional flexibility to the system. In this paper, the integration of HPs through a receding horizon approach into a power market model is presented to study the behavior of HPs considering electricity market prices and network constraints of a low‐voltage grid. In a case study with centralized and self‐consumption optimized control strategies, the effects of HPs are analyzed. Furthermore, the authors investigate how the aggregation of several households into energy communities affects the system. The results show that for the considered grid, the additional power demand of HPs is usually uncritical and a strictly cost‐minimizing operation is often possible from a grid perspective. Typically, critical grid situations occur only at times of high PV feed‐in with low HP flexibility. The formation of energy communities compared to individual households differs primarily in the allocation of cost savings to individual consumers. The difference in the impact of the two control strategies on the grid is negligible in this case.
Virtualization in optical networks: From elastic networking level to sliceable equipment level (2012)

Virtualization in optical networks and its enabling technologies are presented from the viewpoints of elastic optical networking and sliceable equipment as a key to implementing increased agility and flexibility into the optical domain.
Bottlebrush elastomers: a promising molecular engineering route to tunable, prestrain-free dielectric elastomers (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Electroactive polymers (EAPs) refer to a broad range of relatively soft materials that change size and/or shape upon application of an electrical stimulus. Of these, dielectric elastomers (DEs) generated from either chemically- or physically-crosslinked polymer networks afford the highest levels of electroactuation strain, thereby making this class of EAPs the leading technology for artificial-muscle applications. While mechanically prestraining elastic networks remarkably enhances DEs electroactuation, external prestrain protocols severely limit both actuator performance and device implementation due to gradual DE stress relaxation and the presence of a cumbersome load frame. These drawbacks have persisted with surprisingly minimal advances in the actuation of single-component elastomers since the dawn of the “pre-strain era” introduced by Pelrine et al. (Science, 2000). In this work, we present a bottom-up, molecular-based strategy for the design of prestrain-free (freestanding) DEs derived from covalently-crosslinked bottlebrush polymers. This architecture, wherein design factors such as crosslink density, graft density and graft length can all be independently controlled, yields inherently strained polymer networks that can be readily adapted to a variety of chemistries. To validate the use of these molecularly-tunable materials as DEs, we have synthesized a series of bottlebrush silicone elastomers in as-cast shapes. Examination of these materials reveals that they undergo giant electroactuation strains (&gt;300%) at relatively low fields (&lt;10 V/m), thereby outperforming all commercial DEs to date and opening new opportunities in responsive soft-material technologies (e.g., robotics). The molecular design approach to controlling (electro)mechanical developed here is independent of chemistry and permits access to an unprecedented range of actuation properties from elastomeric materials with traditionally modest electroactuation performance (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS). Experimental results obtained here compare favorably with theoretical predictions and demonstrate that the unique behavior of these materials is a direct consequence of the molecular architecture.
Measurement of perpendicular media anisotropy field with accurate demagnetization correction (2003)

Magneto-optical measurements have been applied to determine the anisotropy field of perpendicular media with a well-defined demagnetizing state. The rotation of the perpendicular magnetization component is measured as a function of the in-plane field by the Polar Kerr effect. The field range is sufficiently small to avoid domain formation and ensure coherent magnetization rotation. By fitting to a simple response function, the effective anisotropy field (HK1′=HK1−4πMS) with a well-defined 4πMS demagnetization correction can be determined. This also enables accurate determination of the ratio of short-time coercivity H0 over anisotropy field Hk, an important parameter for perpendicular recording. The H0/Hk ratio is found to decrease with increasing intergranular coupling strength, in good agreement with our micromagnetic results. It drops from about 0.8 for weakly coupled media to 0.5 for strongly coupled media. Theoretical studies show that the effects of easy axis angular dispersion are small, about 1% error for 5° dispersion, and the rotation method measures the mean value of Hk for media with anisotropy field distribution.