gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric power factor of In2O3:Pd nanocomposite films (2011)

A nanocomposite exhibiting large thermoelectric powers and capable of operating at temperatures as high as 1100 °C in air was fabricated by embedding palladium nanoparticles into an indium oxide matrix via co-sputtering from metal and ceramic targets. Combinatorial chemistry techniques were used to systematically investigate the effect of palladium content in these nanocomposite films on thermoelectric response. Based on these rapid screening experiments, the thermoelectric properties of the most promising nanocomposites were evaluated as a function of post-deposition heat treatment at high temperatures. An n-type nanocomposite film was developed exhibiting a power factor of 4.5 × 10−4 W/m·K2 at 1000 °C in air.
Evaluation of hip abductor and adductor strength in the elderly: a reliability study (2017)

Hip abductor and adductor strength measures in older person are feasible and reliable. However, the significance of moderate changes in these measurements may be limited by the large SDD and SEM. Therefore, physical therapist should be careful when using this measure for assessing the progress of an individual person in a daily clinical use.
Neuropeptide Y expression, localization and cellular transducing effects in HUVEC (2005)

HUVEC produce, store and respond to NPY, suggesting an autocrine regulatory role for NPY in the endothelium.
Olefin Epoxidation by Methyltrioxorhenium: A Density Functional Study on Energetics and Mechanisms (1998)

A spiro attack on a peroxo group is calculated to be the preferred reaction pathway for olefin epoxidation with the catalytic system CH<sub>3</sub> ReO<sub>3</sub> /H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> (see picture). This finding is supported by density functional calculations on more than ten transition states for the most probable mechanisms. Hydration has significant effects on various reaction species: it stabilizes the intermediates and destabilizes, with one exception, the transition states.
Current state of 300-mm lithography in a pilot line environment (1999)

SEMICONDUCTOR300 (SC300) is the first pilot manufacturing facility for 300 mm wafers in the world. This company, a joint venture between Infineon Technologies and Motorola, is working on developing a 300 mm manufacturing tool set. The pilot line contains a full compliment of tools for 0.24 micrometer ground rule 64 M DRAM manufacturing. The 64 M DRAM was chosen for the ability to easily benchmark against 200 mm 64 M DRAM manufacturing data from the sister factory. Currently, testing on structures with less than 0.20 micrometer ground rules is occurring the pilot line. In this paper we present the performance of the initial lithography tool set installed at SC300. Several lots of wafers with measurable yield have been produced. These lots have produced data on overlay, critical dimensions, and run-to-run, wafer-to-wafer and within-wafer performance of the various lithography layers. We now have preliminary data on the comparison of 200 mm tools to 300 mm tools in terms of footprint, throughput, reliability, and productivity gains for equivalent square centimeters of silicon. With this data we can start to predict what performance we should expect from 300 mm manufacturing lithography tools.
Distributed node consensus protocol: Analysis, evaluation and performance (2016)

This paper analyzes and evaluates the Distributed Node Consensus Protocol (DNCP), a state synchronization mechanism developed by the IETF Homenet working group. DNCP enables network function automation for home networks, which are growing in size and complexity. The basic mechanisms of DNCP are studied in this paper, including the state abstraction, synchronization process and keep-alive mechanism. The overhead is analyzed in single-link topology type. To evaluate the performance of DNCP in more complex scenarios, a reference implementation of DNCP is integrated into ns3 simulator. The convergence time and transmission overhead in various topology types are measured. Based on the obtained results, the correctness of DNCP is verified, and the behavior of DNCP can be concluded.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 7 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1
The Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. (1983)

Abstract : Significant contributions to the understanding of the synthesis, structure and reactivity of d4 and d6 metal carbene complexes of the type Cp(CO)(L)Fe=CHR+ (R=aryl, alkyl; L=P(C6H5)3, CO) and Cp(CO2)LM=CHR+ (M=Mo,W; R=H, aryl) are described. The increasing interest in these complexes can be attributed to their unique reactivity patterns and to their potential importance as intermediates in catalytic processes (olefin metathesis, polymerization and carbene transfer reactions). Recent studies of the cyclopropanation of styrene have provided an excellent model for establishing the role of metal chirality in the conversion of prochiral substrates into optically-active products.
Dual function photocatalysis of cyano-bridged heteronuclear metal complexes for water oxidation and two-electron reduction of dioxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide as a solar fuel (2017)

The photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide from water and dioxygen under visible light irradiation was made possible by using polymeric cyano-bridged heteronuclear metal complexes (M<sup>II</sup>[Ru<sup>II</sup>(CN)<sub>4</sub>(bpy)]; M<sup>II</sup> = Ni<sup>II</sup>, Fe<sup>II</sup> and Mn<sup>II</sup>), where the photocatalytic two-electron reduction of O<sub>2</sub> and water oxidation were catalysed by the Ru and M<sup>II</sup> moieties, respectively.
Discovery of cancer driver genes based on nucleotide context (2018)

Many cancer genomes contain large numbers of somatic mutations, but few of these mutations drive tumor development. Current approaches to identify cancer driver genes are largely based on mutational recurrence, i.e. they search for genes with an increased number of nonsynonymous mutations relative to the local background mutation rate. Multiple studies have noted that the sensitivity of recurrence-based methods is limited in tumors with high background mutation rates, because passenger mutations dilute their statistical power. Here, we observe that passenger mutations tend to occur in characteristic nucleotide sequence contexts, while driver mutations follow a different distribution pattern determined by the location of functionally relevant genomic positions along the protein-coding sequence. To discover new cancer genes, we searched for genes with an excess of mutations in unusual nucleotide contexts that deviate from the characteristic context around passenger mutations. By applying this statistical framework to whole-exome sequencing data from 12,004 tumors, we discovered a long tail of novel candidate cancer genes with mutation frequencies as low as 1% and functional supporting evidence. Our results show that considering both the number and the nucleotide context around mutations helps identify novel cancer driver genes, particularly in tumors with high background mutation rates.
Class-Incremental Learning with Strong Pre-trained Models (2022)

Class-incremental learning (CIL) has been widely stud-ied under the setting of starting from a small number of classes (base classes). Instead, we explore an understud-ied real-world setting of CIL that starts with a strong model pre-trained on a large number of base classes. We hypoth-esize that a strong base model can provide a good repre-sentation for novel classes and incremental learning can be done with small adaptations. We propose a 2-stage training scheme, i) feature augmentation - cloning part of the backbone and fine-tuning it on the novel data, and ii) fusion - combining the base and novel classifiers into a unified classifier. Experiments show that the proposed method sig-nificantly outperforms state-of-the-art CIL methods on the large-scale ImageNet dataset (e.g. + 10% overall accuracy than the best). We also propose and analyze understudied practical CIL scenarios, such as base-novel overlap with distribution shift. Our proposed method is robust and gen-eralizes to all analyzed CIL settings.
Data Gap in Sacral Neuromodulation Documentation: Call to Improve Documentation Protocols (2022)

While evidence suggests contact and parameter-specific programming can improve SNM therapy outcomes, there is a major gap in the documentation of this data. More detailed testing and documentation could improve therapeutic options for parameter titration and provide design inputs for future technologies.
Effects of screening on the optical absorption in graphene and in metallic monolayers (2014)

Screening is one of the fundamental concepts in solid-state physics. It has a great impact on the electronic properties of graphene, where huge mobilities were observed in spite of the large concentration of charged impurities. While static screening has successfully explained dc mobilities, screening properties can be significantly changed at infrared or optical frequencies. In this paper, we discuss the influence of dynamical screening on the optical absorption of graphene and other two-dimensional electron systems such as metallic monolayers. This research is motivated by recent experimental results that pointed out that graphene plasmon linewidths and optical scattering rates can be much larger than scattering rates determined by dc mobilities. Specifically, we discuss a process in which a photon incident on a graphene plane can excite a plasmon by scattering from an impurity, or a surface optical phonon of the substrate.
Regulation of p53 Family Member Isoform ΔNp63α by the Nuclear Factor-κB Targeting Kinase IκB Kinase β (2010)

The p53 family gene p63 plays an instrumental role in cellular stress responses including responses to DNA damage. In addition to encoding a full-length transcriptional activator, p63 also encodes several dominant inhibitory isoforms including the isoform DeltaNp63alpha, the function of which is not fully understood. DeltaNp63alpha is degraded in response to DNA damage, thereby enabling an effective cellular response to genotoxic agents. Here, we identify a key molecular mechanism underlying regulation of DeltaNp63alpha expression in response to chemotherapeutic agents or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We found that DeltaNp63alpha interacts with IkappaB kinase (IKK), a multisubunit protein kinase that consists of two catalytic subunits, IKKalpha and IKKbeta, and a regulatory subunit, IKKgamma. The IKKbeta kinase promotes ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of DeltaNp63alpha, whereas a kinase-deficient mutant IKKbeta-K44A fails to do so. Cytokine- or chemotherapy-induced stimulation of IKKbeta caused degradation of DeltaNp63alpha and augmented transactivation of p53 family-induced genes involved in the cellular response to DNA damage. Conversely, IKKbeta inhibition attenuated cytokine- or chemotherapy-induced degradation of DeltaNp63alpha. Our findings show that IKKbeta plays an essential role in regulating DeltaNp63alpha in response to extrinsic stimuli. IKK activation represents one mechanism by which levels of DeltaNp63alpha can be reduced, thereby rendering cells susceptible to cell death in the face of cellular stress or DNA damage.
Normal Gonadal Functions and Fertility After 23 Months of Treatment of Prepubertal Male and Female Dogs with the GnRh Agonist [D‐Trp6, des‐Gly‐NH210]GnRH Ethylamide (1989)

The GnRH agonist [D-Trp6, des-Gly-NH2(10)]GnRH ethylamide was administered to prepubertal male and female dogs daily for 23 months by subcutaneous injection. During GnRH agonist treatment, plasma steroid levels, namely dehydroepiandrosterone, androst-5-ene-3 beta-17 beta-diol, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-androstane, 3 beta, 17 beta-diol were markedly inhibited in male animals, whereas in female animals, the plasma concentration of DHEA and delta 5-diol were decreased. Within 2 months following cessation of therapy, all steroids increased to normal adult levels. Morphological studies reveal that treatment of male animals with the GnRH agonist is accompanied by a small volume of seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells, and prostate gland, whereas in the ovaries of female animals, there is a large number of primordial follicles, a few primary follicles, but no secondary follicles. In the pituitary gland of animals of both sexes, LH-secreting cells have high levels of glycogen particles in their cytoplasm and tend to be either of normal appearance with dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or strongly atrophied with a dark-stained cytoplasm, a contraction of RER, and a decrease in the number of secretory granules. Reticular cells of the connective tissue also show high levels of glycogen particles. After the 14 month recovery period, spermatogenesis has a normal adult appearance, the prostate gland shows a normal secretory epithelium, and secondary follicles are easily observed in the ovary. Gonadotrophs are free of glycogen accumulation, but reticular cells continue to show an accumulation of glycogen particles in their cytoplasm. Two male and two female animals were mated after the recovery period and produced normal offspring with normal fertility. The present results indicate that GnRH agonist treatment achieves a blockade of sexual maturation and that following cessation of treatment, normal pituitary-gonadal functions resume, with apparently normal fertility and normal offspring.
The Effect of Step-Synchronized Vibration on Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Case Studies on Subjects With Freezing of Gait or an Implanted Deep Brain Stimulator (2013)

Identifying noninvasive treatments to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is important to improving the quality of life for those with PD. Several studies have explored the effects of visual, auditory, and vibratory cueing to improve gait in PD patients. Here, we present a wireless vibratory feedback system, called the PDShoe, and an associated intervention study with four subjects. The PDShoe was used on two control subjects, one subject with PD who experienced freezing of gait (FOG), and one subject with PD with an implanted deep brain stimulator (DBS). This short intervention study showed statistically significant improvements in peak heel pressure timing, peak toe pressure timing, time on the heel sensor, and stance to swing ratio after just one week of twice-daily therapy. Thus, step-synchronized vibration applied to the feet of patients with PD may be an effective way to improve gait in those subjects.
Quick Annotator: an open‐source digital pathology based rapid image annotation tool (2021)

Image-based biomarker discovery typically requires accurate segmentation of histologic structures (e.g. cell nuclei, tubules, and epithelial regions) in digital pathology whole slide images (WSIs). Unfortunately, annotating each structure of interest is laborious and often intractable even in moderately sized cohorts. Here, we present an open-source tool, Quick Annotator (QA), designed to improve annotation efficiency of histologic structures by orders of magnitude. While the user annotates regions of interest (ROIs) via an intuitive web interface, a deep learning (DL) model is concurrently optimized using these annotations and applied to the ROI. The user iteratively reviews DL results to either (1) accept accurately annotated regions or (2) correct erroneously segmented structures to improve subsequent model suggestions, before transitioning to other ROIs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of QA over comparable manual efforts via three use cases. These include annotating (1) 337,386 nuclei in 5 pancreatic WSIs, (2) 5,692 tubules in 10 colorectal WSIs, and (3) 14,187 regions of epithelium in 10 breast WSIs. Efficiency gains in terms of annotations per second of 102×, 9×, and 39× were, respectively, witnessed while retaining f-scores >0.95, suggesting that QA may be a valuable tool for efficiently fully annotating WSIs employed in downstream biomarker studies.
Interaction between Heme Bonded to Polyvinylpyridine or Polyvinylimidazole and Molecular Oxygen (1975)

鉄-プロトポルフィリン塩化物を種々の溶媒中で,高分子配位子(ポリ-4-ビニルピリジン:PVP,ポリ-1-ビニル-2-メチルイミダゾール:PVMIなど)に結合させ,これと酸素分子の相互作用を相当する低分子配位子錯体の場合と比較検討した。ヘム(Fe2+)と軸配位子の錯平衡定数は,ピリジン:51.3(1/mol),イミダゾール:45.5(1/mol),PVP:1.14×1O3(1/mol),tPVMI:2.55×1O3(1/mol)となり,高分子ヘム錯体の方が低分子錯体よりも安定である。水溶液中でプロトポルフィリン鉄(II)錯体をO2と接触させると,中心鉄(II)イオンがただちに不可逆的に酸化されることはよく知られているが,高分子ベム錯体では条件により酸化が抑制されるため安定な酸素化錯体が生成し,O2の可逆的吸脱着の可能な系が得られる。高分子錯体における酸素化反応速度は,相当する低分子錯体よりも大きく,酸素飽和度も100%近くに達する
Visualization of particle complexes in the plasma membrane of Micrasterias denticulata associated with the formation of cellulose fibrils in primary and secondary cell walls. (1980)

Highly ordered arrays of intramembrane particles are observed in freeze-fractured plasma membranes of the green alga Micrasterias denticulata during the synthesis of the secondary cell wall. The observable architecture of the complex consists primarily of a precise hexagonal array of from 3 to 175 rosettes, consisting of 6 particles each, which fracture with the P-face. The complexes are observed at the ends of impressions of cellulose fibrils. The distance between rows of rosettes is equal to the center-to-center distance between parallel cellulose fibrils of the secondary wall. Correlation of the structure of the complex with the pattern of deposition indicates that the size of a given fibril is proportional to the number of rosettes engaged in its formation. Vesicles containing hexagonal arrays of rosettes are found in the cytoplasm and can be observed in the process of fusing with the plasma membrane, suggesting that the complexes are first assembled in the cytoplasm and then incorporated into the plasma membrane, where they become active in fibril formation. Single rosettes appear to be responsible for the synthesis of microfibrils during primary wall growth. Similar rosettes have now been detected in a green alga, in fern protonemata, and in higher plant cells. This structure, therefore, probably represents a significant component of the cellulose synthesizing mechanism in a large variety of plant cells.
PET innovations at NIRS: How imaging improes quality of life (2016)

Positron emission tomography (PET) plays important roles in cancer diagnosis, neuroimaging and molecular imaging research; but potential points remain for which big improvements could be made, including spatial resolution, sensitivity and manufacturing costs. Therefore, research on next generation PET technologies remains a hot topic worldwide. Depth-of-interaction (DOI) measurement in the radiation sensor will be a key technology to get any significant improvement in sensitivity while maintaining high spatial resolution. In this short paper, we review PET innovations being made at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS).
Country-Specific Environmental Risks of Fragrance Encapsulates Used in Laundry Care Products (2021)

Fragrance encapsulates (FEs) are designed to deliver fragrance components, notably in laundry care products. They are made of thermoset polymeric shells surrounding the fragrance content. These materials enter the environment mainly during laundry washing, but little is known about their distribution in and impact on the environment. The aim of the present study was to estimate the environmental concentrations of FE shells in freshwater, sediment, and soil compartments for 34 selected countries and to compare them with ecotoxicological effects. Probabilistic material flow analysis was used to estimate worst-case predicted environmental concentrations (PECs). The lowest freshwater PEC was predicted for Finland (0.00011 µg/L) and the highest for Belgium (0.13 µg/L). Accumulation of FE shells between 2010 and 2019 was considered for sediments and sludge-treated soils. The PECs in sediments ranged from 3.0 µg/kg (Finland) to 3400 µg/kg (Belgium). For sludge-treated soil, the concentration was estimated to be between 0 (Malta and Switzerland) and 3600 µg/kg (Vietnam). Ecotoxicological tests showed no effects for FE shells at any tested concentration (up to 2700 µg/L freshwater, 5400 µg/kg sediment, and 9100 µg/kg soil), thus not allowing derivation of a predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC). Therefore, to characterize the environmental risks, the PEC values were compared with highest-observed-no-effect concentrations (HONECs) derived from ecotoxicological tests. The PEC/HONEC ratios were 9.3 × 10<sup>-6</sup> , 0.13, and 0.04 for surface waters, sediments, and sludge-treated soils, respectively, which are much below 1, suggesting no environmental risk. Because the PEC values constitute an upper boundary (no fate considered) and the HONEC values represent a lower boundary (actual PNEC values based on NOECs will be higher), the current risk estimation can be considered a precautionary worst-case assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:905-916. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Uniform Expression and Relatively Small Position Effects Characterize Sister Transformants in Maize and Soybean (2019)

Development of transgenic cell lines or organisms for industrial, agricultural, or medicinal applications involves inserting DNA into the target genome in a way that achieves efficacious transgene expression without a deleterious impact on fitness. The genomic insertion site is widely recognized as an important determinant of success. However, the effect of chromosomal location on transgene expression and fitness has not been systematically investigated in plants. Here we evaluate the importance of transgene insertion site in maize and soybean using both random and site-specific transgene integration. We have compared the relative contribution of genomic location on transgene expression levels with other factors, including cis-regulatory elements, neighboring transgenes, genetic background, and zygosity. As expected, cis-regulatory elements and the presence/absence of nearby transgene neighbors can impact transgene expression. Surprisingly, we determined not only that genomic location had the least impact on transgene expression compared to the other factors that were investigated but that the majority of insertion sites recovered supported transgene expression levels that were statistically not distinguishable. All 68 genomic sites evaluated were capable of supporting high-level transgene expression, which was also consistent across generations. Furthermore, multilocation field evaluation detected no to little decrease in agronomic performance as a result of transgene insertion at the vast majority of sites we evaluated with a single construct in five maize hybrid backgrounds.
Energy advantages of microprocessor platforms with on-chip configurable logic (2002)

System chips that incorporate configurable logic can reduce the energy consumed in executing software. The key is to use the configurable logic to execute performance-critical loops, producing average energy savings of 25% to 71% for embedded-system benchmarks.
Ost6osynth se des fractures vert6brales thoraciques et lombaires par mat6riel Cotrel-Dubousset (110 cas) (1992)

R6sum6. Sept cents fractures du rachis dorso-lombaire ont 6t~ trait6es dans le Service d' Orthop6die et Traumatologie du CHU de Nice d'octobre 1978 d fin 1991. Un tiers d'entre elles ont subi une ostdosynthOse post6rieure, par materiel Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) pour les 110 derniers cas. Les ddtails techniques sont prdcis~s; l'analyse des r&ultats rdv~le un pourcentage d'dvolution trOs favorable dans 85 % des cas.