gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethynyl End-Capped Polyimide Oligomers Containing Oxyethylene Linkages (1985)

Several ethynyl end-capped polyimide oligomers were prepared from 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)ethane (1a), bis[2-(4-aminophenoxy)]ethyl ether (1b), 1,2-bis[2-(4-aminophenoxy) ethoxy]ethane (1c), bis[2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy]-ethyl ether (1d), 1,1-bis(3-aminophenoxy)ethane (2a), bis[2-(3-aminophenoxy)ethyl]ether (2b) and 3-aminophenylacetylene. The oligomers prepared from the linear diamines 1a-d were semicrystalline and insoluble in all organic solvents. They also rapidly underwent crosslinking near 300°C. The DSC thermograms of the crosslinked samples showed a strong melting endotherm between 335 and 348°C. The oligomers prepared from the non-linear diamines 2a and b were amorphous and soluble in NMP, DMAC, m-cresol, and tetrachloroethane. Their Tg's ranged between 132 and 168°C. These oligomers underwent crosslinking at 300°C considerably slower than the crystalline systems. The Tg's of the crosslinked materials ranged between 147 and 245°C.
Antibodies against avian GS antigen in chickens infected naturally and experimentally with avian RNA tumor viruses (1973)

Abstract Using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) we detected antibodies against one of the major group specific (gs) antigens of avian RNA tumor viruses in chickens with a naturally acquired leukosis virus infection or bearing Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)‐ induced tumors. The antibodies were absent in leukosis‐free animals, but appeared a few weeks after inoculation with infectious RSV. Out of 11 chickens with a natural or experimental infection, nine had demonstrable anti‐gs antibodies. Titers as high as 1:10,000 were observed in chicken sera, but these titers were lower than those in the sera of tumor‐bearing hamsters and guinea‐pigs. The RIA was about 10,000 times more sensitive in the detection of anti‐gs antibodies than the COFAL test. The chicken antibodies could be inhibited with the purified gs antigen and appeared to be of the IgG type. There would seem to be no complete tolerance in chickens at least to one of the major avian gs antigens. The significance of these results as related to the presence and nature of gs antigens in normal cells is discussed.
The use of recommended interviewing practices by novice engineering designers to elicit information during requirements development (2022)

Abstract Effective stakeholder interviewing is a critical component of a design process. However, interviewing is a complex skill that is difficult for novice designers to learn and incorporate into their design practices. Few studies have investigated how novice designers apply recommended practices for interviewing stakeholders during the development of product requirements. In this research, we studied how novice designers elicited information to inform the development of product requirements during stakeholder interviews. Results included the establishment of a coding methodology developed from a systematic literature review of recommended interviewing practices that was used to reliably evaluate the use of recommended practices in novice designers’ interviews. A correlation existed between the use of recommended practices and the extent to which information gathered from interviews was incorporated into the requirements. Additionally, specific recommended practices, such as encouraging deep thinking and being flexible and opportunistic, differentiated performance among novice designers. The coding methodology could be adapted to guide the development of stakeholder interview protocols and assessment of design interview skills.
Correlation between domain wall properties and material parameters in amorphous SmCo-films (1983)

Amorphous Sm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> -films with uniaxial in-plane anisotropy with various Co-concentrations <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x (.67 \leq x \leq .91)</tex> and various film thicknesses d ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10nm \leq d \leq 350nm</tex> ) have been prepared by flash-evaporation of SmCo-alloy powders. The saturation magnetization decreases linearly with x in the whole concentration range, whereas the coercive field increases linearly with x down to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x\approx74</tex> and then decreases. Drastic changes in all magnetic properties occur when at a given chemical composition the film thickness is reduced below <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d\approx50</tex> nm. Head-on domains are separated by zig-zag walls whose amplitudes are analyzed as a function of the material parameters.
Novel Analogues of Degarelix Incorporating Hydroxy-, Methoxy-, and Pegylated-Urea Moieties at Positions 3, 5, 6 and the N-Terminus. Part III (2006)

Novel degarelix (Fe200486) analogues were screened for antagonism of GnRH-induced response (IC(50)) in a reporter gene assay. Inhibition of luteinizing hormone release over time was measured in the castrated male rat. N(omega)-Hydroxy- and N(omega)-methoxy-carbamoylation of Dab and Dap at position 3 (3-6), and N(omega)-hydroxy-,N(omega)-methoxy-carbamoylation and pegylation of 4Aph at positions 5 and 6 (7-10, 15-17, 22-25) were carried out. Modulation of hydrophobicity was achieved using different acylating groups at the N-terminus (11-14, 18-21, 26-28). Analogues 8, 15-17, 22, and 23 were equipotent to acyline (IC(50) = 0.69 nM) and degarelix (IC(50) = 0.58 nM) in vitro. Analogues 7, 17, and 23 were shorter acting than acyline, when 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, and 22 were longer acting. Only 9 and 14 were inactive at releasing histamine. No analogue exhibited a duration of action comparable to that of degarelix. Analogues with shorter and longer retention times on HPLC (a measure of hydrophilicity) than degarelix were identified.
Human iPSC-derived astrocytes transplanted into the mouse brain undergo morphological changes in response to amyloid-β plaques (2021)

Abstract Background Increasing evidence for a direct contribution of astrocytes to neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes causing Alzheimer’s disease comes from molecular and functional studies in rodent models. However, these models may not fully recapitulate human disease as human and rodent astrocytes differ considerably in morphology, functionality, and gene expression. Results To address these challenges, we established an approach to study human astrocytes within the mouse brain by transplanting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocyte progenitors into neonatal brains. Xenografted hiPSC-derived astrocyte progenitors differentiated into astrocytes that integrated functionally within the mouse host brain and matured in a cell-autonomous way retaining human-specific morphologies, unique features, and physiological properties. In Alzheimer´s chimeric brains, transplanted hiPSC-derived astrocytes responded to the presence of amyloid plaques undergoing morphological changes that seemed independent of the APOE allelic background. Conclusions In sum, we describe here a promising approach that consist of transplanting patient-derived and genetically modified astrocytes into the mouse brain to study human astrocyte pathophysiology in the context of Alzheimer´s disease.
Chronic calcium channel blockade prevents the progression of myocardial contractile and electrical dysfunction in the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster. (1990)

The programmed onset of myocardial dysfunction and its progression to congestive heart failure in the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster is hallmarked by alterations in myocellular calcium regulation. To determine whether calcium channel blockade is effective in halting the progressive depression of myocardial contractile performance in this animal model of congestive heart failure, oral verapamil therapy was instituted at 50 days of age, and treatment continued for various durations until the time of study at either 150 or 250 days of age. Left ventricular papillary muscle isometric and isotonic performance, as well as transmembrane electrical characteristics, was depressed in diseased hamsters at 150 days of age and deteriorated further by 250 days of age. These changes were evidenced by prolongation of contraction duration, a marked depression in the load-velocity relation, and a significant prolongation in the repolarization phase of the transmembrane action potential. Myocardial functional and electrical alterations associated with the progression of life in myopathic hamsters were completely halted by verapamil therapy that was continuous from 50 days after birth until death by diastolic arrest, at 150 or 250 days of age. However, premature termination of verapamil treatment before death resulted in a progressive renewal of the functional and electrical alterations for the duration of drug termination. It is concluded that the pathological changes seen during the lifetime of the cardiomyopathic hamster can be prevented by continuous calcium channel blockade and that intermediate prevention can be attained by protracted verapamil therapy. Thus, chronic verapamil therapy may be a useful adjunct in the prevention of human congestive heart failure of similar etiology.
Finite-grain message passing concurrent computers (1988)

Fine-grain concurrent computers, by operating at a fine grain, increase the amount of concurrency that can be efficiently exploited in a given problem. Programming is simplified because programs may be partitioned into natural units of methods and objects and these objects are addressed uniformly whether they are local or remote. The construction of these machines poses challenging problems in reducing overhead, increasing communication bandwidth, and developing resource management techniques. This paper describes this class of machines, the challenges posed by their construction, and recent progress toward meeting these challenges.
HLA antigen, allele and haplotype frequencies and their use in virtual panel reactive antigen calculations in the Finnish population (2012)

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigen, allele and haplotype frequencies of the Finnish population are quite unique because of a rather restricted and homogeneous gene pool. This has a strong influence on finding suitable donors for transplant patients; hence knowledge about the HLA frequencies of the patient population is essential. Here we report the HLA antigen frequencies for a large population sample and show high resolution HLA allele frequencies for 11 loci, including the rarely typed DPA1 and DQA1 loci. Furthermore, the most common Finnish high resolution haplotypes are presented for five HLA loci. The study shows that there are fewer HLA haplotypes in the Finnish population compared with mixed populations, and the common Finnish HLA haplotypes are more frequent. Using HLA antibody identification and panel reactive antibody calculations we show that a virtual population-specific panel, combined with single antigen testing, gives a more accurate and reliable estimate of the reactivity of the recipient serum against potential solid organ donors within the Finnish population. The results can be directly used to improve donor search for patients waiting for stem cell transplantation and to allocate highly immunised patients accurately to acceptable mismatch programs.
Initial Management of Noncastrate Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update (2021)

Docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, or apalutamide, each when administered with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), represent four separate standards of care for noncastrate metastatic prostate cancer. Currently, the use of any of these agents in any particular combination or series cannot be recommended. ADT plus docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, or apalutamide should be offered to men with metastatic noncastrate prostate cancer, including those who received prior therapies, but have not yet progressed. The combination of ADT plus abiraterone and prednisolone should be considered for men with noncastrate locally advanced nonmetastatic prostate cancer who have undergone radiotherapy, rather than castration monotherapy. Immediate ADT may be offered to men who initially present with noncastrate locally advanced nonmetastatic disease who have not undergone previous local treatment and are unwilling or unable to undergo radiotherapy. Intermittent ADT may be offered to men with high-risk biochemically recurrent nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Active surveillance may be offered to men with low-risk biochemically recurrent nonmetastatic prostate cancer. The panel does not support use of either micronized abiraterone acetate or the 250 mg dose of abiraterone with a low-fat breakfast in the noncastrate setting at this time.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/genitourinary-cancer-guidelines.
Quantitative measurement of the polydispersity in the extent of functionalization of glass‐forming calix[4]resorcinarenes (2009)

The polydispersity in the degree of functionalization for two calix[4]resorcinarenes was determined by measuring quantitatively their molecular mass distribution with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A mathematical method for polydisperse materials is described that creates a calibration curve to correct the ion signal intensities in the mass spectrum to give a more reliable molecular mass distribution. Correction is required due to various sample preparation and instrumental effects that may produce a systematic mass bias in the number of oligomers measured. This method employs gravimetric mixtures of analytes with different degrees of functionalization. One calix[4]resorcinarene was found to give accurate molecular mass distributions with little correction, while another, having a very similar molecular structure, was found to exhibit strong over-counting of the oligomers having a high degree of functionalization.
TEST OF A FULL-SCALE PROTOTYPE OF THE FERMILAB ELECTRON COOLER (2004)

The Fermilab's Recycler ring will employ an electron cooler to store and cool 8.9 GeV antiprotons (1). The cooler is based on an electrostatic accelerator, Pelletron, working in an energy-recovery, or recirculation, regime. A full-scale prototype of the cooler has been assembled and commissioned in a separate building. The main goal of the experiments with the prototype is to demonstrate a stable operation with a 3.5 MeV, 0.5 A DC electron beam while preserving a high beam quality in the cooling section. The paper describes the current status of the work and preliminary experimental results.
Demonstration of a ~40 kV Si Vacuum Transistor as a Practical High Frequency and Power Device (2020)

We demonstrate for the first time a vacuum transistor fabricated based upon Si operating in excess of 38 kV applied bias, a voltage normally reserved for high bandgap materials such as SiC and GaN. This is a proof of a concept demonstration of a high-performance vacuum transistor with the potential of having a semiconductor-like footprint. The device consists of a gated field emission array or an electron source, a vacuum drift region and a metal anode. Electrons are emitted from the gated field emission array into vacuum through tunneling, travel through vacuum and are collected at the anode. In this case, the vacuum determines the properties of transport and the high voltage isolation. Important figures of merit: the Baliga, Johnson and power vs. frequency figures of merit (FOMs) are theoretically derived and show the benefits of using a vacuum drift channel, especially for applications which require both high frequency and power. The origin of the improved performance comes from the high critical field of vacuum and most importantly the unbounded nature of the electron velocity due to a lack of scattering.
Safety and feasibility of ultrasound-triggered targeted drug delivery of doxorubicin from thermosensitive liposomes in liver tumours (TARDOX): a single-centre, open-label, phase 1 trial (2018)

Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research.
Vagally-mediated heart block after myocardial infarction associated with plasticity of epicardial neurons controlling the atrioventricular node (2022)

Imbalances in the opposing actions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves controlling the heart enhance risk for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction (MI). Plasticity in peripheral neuron function may underlie the observed changes in cardiomotor nerve activity. We studied vagal control of the heart in pigs after chronic infarction of the left ventricle. Stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve produced greater bradycardic responses 8-weeks after MI. Recordings of epicardial electrocardiograms demonstrate increased severity and duration of atrioventricular (AV) block in MI-pigs during 20 Hz vagal stimulation. Intracellular voltage recordings from isolated neurons of the inferior vena cava-inferior left atrium (IVC-ILA) ganglionated plexus, a cluster of epicardial neurons receiving innervation from the vagus known to regulate the AV node, were used to assess plasticity of membrane and synaptic physiology of intrinsic cardiac neurons (ICNs) after MI. Changes to both passive and active membrane properties were observed, including more negative resting membrane potentials and greater input resistances in MI-pig ICNs, concomitant with a depression of neuronal excitability. Immunoreactivity to pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a cardiotropic peptide known to modulate cardiac neuron excitability, was localized to perineuronal varicosities surrounding pig IVC-ILA neurons. Exogenous application of PACAP increased excitability of control but not MI-ICNs. Stimulation (20 Hz) of interganglionic nerves in the <i>ex vivo</i> whole-mount preparations elicited slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (sEPSPs) which persisted in hexamethonium (500 μM), but were blocked by atropine (1 μM), indicating muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of M-current. Extracellular application of 1 mM BaCl<sub>2</sub> to inhibit M-current increased neuronal excitability. The muscarine-sensitive sEPSPs were observed more frequently and were of larger amplitude in IVC-ILA neurons from MI animals. In conclusion, we suggest the increased probability of muscarinic sEPSPs play a role in the potentiation of the vagus nerve mediated-slowing of AV nodal conduction following chronic MI. We identify both a novel role of a muscarinic sensitive current in the regulation of synaptic strength at ICNs projecting to the AV node, and demonstrate changes to both intrinsic plasticity and synaptic plasticity of IVC-ILA neurons which may contribute to greater risk for heart block and sudden cardiac death after MI.
The diagnostic utility of targeted gene panel sequencing in discriminating etiologies of cytopenia (2019)

The diagnostic utility of somatic mutations in the context of cytopenias is unclear: clonal hematopoiesis can be found in healthy individuals, patients with aplastic anemia (AA), clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We examined a cohort of 207 well-characterized cytopenic patients with a 640-gene next generation sequencing (NGS) panel and compared its diagnostic utility with a "virtual" 41 gene panel. The TET2, SF3B1, ASXL1, and TP53 were the most commonly mutated genes (frequency > 10%). Mutations in the 640-gene panel show high sensitivity (98.3%) but low specificity (47.6%) for diagnosis of MDS. Notably, mutations of splicing factors and genes in the RAS pathway are relatively specific to MDS. Furthermore, high variant allele frequency (VAF) predicts MDS: when the VAF is set at 20%, the positive predictive value (PPV) for MDS is 95.9%, with a specificity of 95.3%. The presence of two or more somatic mutations with ≥10% VAF showed a PPV of 95.2%. While the "virtual" 41-gene panel showed a mild decrease in sensitivity (95.7% vs 98.3%), 100% specificity was observed when either VAF was set at ≥20% (100% vs 95.3%), or two or more somatic mutations had VAFs ≥ 10%. Our study shows targeted gene panel sequencing improves the diagnostic approach and accuracy for unexplained cytopenia, with its high sensitivity and high PPV for MDS when applying VAF cutoffs. Furthermore, a 41-gene panel was shown to have at least comparable performance characteristics to the large 640-gene panel.
5’ UTR variants in the quantitative trait gene Hnrnph1 support reduced 5’ UTR usage and hnRNP H protein as a molecular mechanism underlying reduced methamphetamine sensitivity (2020)

ABSTRACT We previously identified a 210 kb region on chromosome 11 (50.37-50.58 Mb, mm10) containing two protein-coding genes ( Hnrnph1, Rufy1 ) that was necessary for reduced methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in C57BL/6J congenic mice harboring DBA/2J polymorphisms. Gene editing of a small deletion in the first coding exon supported Hnrnph1 as a quantitative trait gene. We have since shown that Hnrnph1 mutants also exhibit reduced methamphetamine-induced reward, reinforcement, and dopamine release. However, the quantitative trait variants ( QTVs ) that modulate Hnrnph1 function at the molecular level are not known. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms and seven indels distinguish C57BL/6J from DBA/2J within Hnrnph1 , including four variants within the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) . Here, we show that a 114 kb introgressed region containing Hnrnph1 and Rufy1 was sufficient to cause a decrease in MA-induced locomotor activity. Gene-level transcriptome analysis of striatal tissue from 114 kb congenics versus Hnrnph1 mutants identified a nearly perfect correlation of fold-change in expression for those differentially expressed genes that were common to both mouse lines, indicating functionally similar effects on the transcriptome and behavior. Exon-level analysis (including noncoding exons) revealed decreased 5’ UTR usage of Hnrnph1 and immunoblot analysis identified a corresponding decrease in hnRNP H protein in 114 kb congenic mice. Molecular cloning of the Hnrnph1 5’ UTR containing all four variants (but none of them individually) upstream of a reporter induced a decrease in reporter signal in both HEK293 and N2a cells, thus identifying a set of QTVs underlying molecular regulation of Hnrnph1 .
Antenna Grouping based Feedback Reduction for FDD-based Massive MIMO Systems (2014)

Recent works on massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) have shown that a potential breakthrough in capacity gains can be achieved by deploying a very large number of antennas at the basestation. In order to achieve the performance that massive MIMO systems promise, accurate transmit-side channel state information (CSI) should be available at the basestation. While transmit-side CSI can be obtained by employing channel reciprocity in time division duplexing (TDD) systems, explicit feedback of CSI from the user terminal to the basestation is needed for frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems. In this paper, we propose an antenna grouping based feedback reduction technique for FDD-based massive MIMO systems. The proposed algorithm, dubbed antenna group beamforming (AGB), maps multiple correlated antenna elements to a single representative value using pre-designed patterns. The proposed method modifies the feedback packet by introducing the concept of a header to select a suitable group pattern and a payload to quantize the reduced dimension channel vector. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves significant feedback overhead reduction over conventional approach performing the vector quantization of whole channel vector under the same target sum rate requirement.