gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor-induced growth inhibition requires Stat1 activation. (1998)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogen for most epithelial cells. Paradoxically, the growth of some cultured cell lines, containing high numbers of EGF receptors, are inhibited by EGF. Here we demonstrate that growth inhibition by EGF in several cell lines correlates with the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 1. In contrast, in normal fibroblasts and several cell lines that are growth stimulated by EGF, we observed no or very transient activation of Stat1. A causal association between Stat1 activation by EGF and growth inhibition was suggested by the expression of a dominant-negative Stat1 in A431 cells, resulting in the loss of Stat1 DNA binding and concomitant resistance to growth inhibition by EGF. We conclude that, in the cells examined, EGF-induced arrest of growth requires activated Stat1.
A User Interface Design for a Video-on-demand Service Trial in an Educational Setting (1997)

SUMMARY Video-on-demand (VOD) is one of a series of emerging interactive broadband services. VOD provides users with the capability to access a vast variety of interactive programmes on demand, and give them full VCR-like control over their programme selections. This paper presents and describes a user interface that was designed for a business VOD service trial operated by Stentor, which began in January 1994, at two universities in Ottawa, Canada. It describes the service architecture and trial setting, as well as presents some trial results. Finally, some recommendations based on these results, and future enhancements to the VOD user interface, are described.
DRUMM: Dynamic viewing of large-scale 3D city models on the web (2017)

3D city models have become an important user interface for various applications, ranging from entertainment to civil engineering. Today, 3D city models can also be accessed on the web without installing any additional software, which has significantly widened their potential audience. However, visually accurate 3D city models are typically large in terms of file size, and hence, require ample network bandwidth for minimizing download delays and providing a smooth user experience. In this paper, we introduce a method called DRUMM, which enables dynamic resource management for viewing 3D city models on the web. DRUMM supports both the use of varying criteria for prioritizing the download order of 3D graphics, and the division of 3D graphics into chunks facilitating parallel downloads that can be suspended and later continued. The performance of DRUMM was evaluated in terms of (1) starting delay; (2) used network bandwidth; and (3) the number of buildings with textures in the view using the developed prototype implementation. Based on the results, DRUMM improves the usability of 3D city applications, particularly when the network bandwidth is scarce.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Squamotacin. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TR-FRET-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay for Identification of UBC13 Inhibitors (2011)

UBC13 is a noncanonical ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) that has been implicated in a variety of cellular signaling processes due to its ability to catalyze formation of lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains on various substrates. In particular, UBC13 is required for signaling by a variety of receptors important in immune regulation, making it a candidate target for inflammatory diseases. UBC13 is also critical for double-strand DNA repair and thus a potential radiosensitizer and chemosensitizer target for oncology. The authors developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for UBC13 based on the method of time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET). The TR-FRET assay combines fluorochrome (Fl)-conjugated ubiquitin (fluorescence acceptor) with terbium (Tb)-conjugated ubiquitin (fluorescence donor), such that the assembly of mixed chains of Fl- and Tb-ubiquitin creates a robust TR-FRET signal. The authors defined conditions for optimized performance of the TR-FRET assay in both 384- and 1536-well formats. Chemical library screens (total 456 865 compounds) were conducted in high-throughput mode using various compound collections, affording superb Z' scores (typically >0.7) and thus validating the performance of the assays. Altogether, the HTS assays described here are suitable for large-scale, automated screening of chemical libraries in search of compounds with inhibitory activity against UBC13.
A device to apply user-specified strains to biomaterials in culture (2001)

An apparatus was developed to apply user-specified displacements to biomaterial samples in culture. The device allowed cyclic waveforms of bandwidth 0 Hz to 20 Hz to be applied under physiologic thermal (37.5 degrees C) and [CO2] (5%) conditions. For a 0 Hz to 20 Hz bandwidth signal similar in shape to a ventricular pressure waveform, the mean displacement error was 0.26% of the full-scale output. The maximum overshoot was 0.700%. Environmental system evaluation tests demonstrated a specimen cartridge temperature of 37.20 +/- 0.15 degrees C during cyclic loading and 37.23 +/- 0.21 degrees C during static conditions. [CO2] was 5.29 +/- 0.54% during cyclic loading and 5.25 +/- 0.61% during static conditions. Laminar flow applied at the loading rod entrances to the specimen cartridge ensured the sample remained sterile during testing. As a preliminary evaluation, polyurethane samples were seeded with fetal foreskin fibroblasts and subject to intermittent cyclic displacements. Results demonstrated enhanced cell proliferation and increased [PGE2] for samples subjected to 10% strain compared with unstrained controls. A next step will be to evaluate cell response sensitivity to strain magnitude, duration, direction, and frequency. The long-term intent is to establish mechanical loading configurations that induce acceptable or adaptation-inducing responses for use in implant design and tissue engineering applications.
The impact of biomarkers of acute kidney injury on individual patient care (2019)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a common clinical syndrome associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In the last several years there have been several advances in the identification of patients at increased risk for AKI through the use of traditional and newer functional and damage biomarkers of AKI. This article will specifically focus on the impact of biomarkers of AKI on individual patient care, focusing predominantly on the markers with the most expansive breadth of study in patients and reported literature evidence. Several studies have demonstrated that close monitoring of widely available biomarkers such as serum creatinine and urine output is strongly associated with improved patient outcomes. An integrated approach to these biomarkers used in context with patient risk factors (identifiable using electronic health record monitoring) and with tests of renal reserve may guide implementation and targeting of care bundles to optimize patient care. Besides traditional functional markers, biochemical injury biomarkers have been increasingly utilized in clinical trials both as a measure of kidney injury as well as a trigger to initiate other treatment options (e.g. care bundles and novel therapies). As the novel measures are becoming globally available, the clinical implementation of hospital-based real-time biomarker measurements involves a multidisciplinary approach. This literature review discusses the data evidence supporting both the strengths and limitations in the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on the authors' collective clinical experiences and opinions.
Fuzzy Entropy-Based State of Health Estimation of LiFePO4 Batteries Considering Temperature Variation (2020)

Sample entropy (SE) has been used as a feature to estimate the state of health (SOH) of batteries as it can capture the voltage variation during battery degradation. However, because the Heaviside function is used to access similarity in the definition of SE, SE is sensitive to parameter selection. Hence, the SE shows an obvious change when the battery is aged at different conditions (e.g., temperatures), leading to a decrease in the estimation accuracy. By introducing the concept of fuzzy membership, the generalized version of SE, fuzzy entropy (FE) is weak influenced by parameters and test condition. Therefore, the FE is proposed as a feature to estimate the SOH of battery in terms of aging temperature variation. The FE-SOH is used as the input-output data pair of support vector machine, then the single-temperature model, full temperature model, and partial-temperature model are established. Compared with the SE-based method, FE-based method not only has better estimation accuracy, but also decreases the dependence on the size of training data. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using experimental results.
Analytical model of ballistic current for GAA nanowire MOSFET including band structure effects: Application to ring oscillator (2011)

Gate-All-Around (GAA) nanowire architecture is aimed to represent the ultimate integration for MOSFET up to dimensions of several nanometers. Very thin nanowires (<; 5 nm) are expected to be used in these ultimate devices, for which a new physical phenomenon emerges: the modification of the band structure compared to bulk silicon, which changes the conduction properties and affects the device characteristics. These band structure effects (BSE) are then expected to influence the performances of circuits based on ultra-thin nanowire GAA MOSFETs. In this paper, an analytical model for ballistic current in GAA nanowire MOSFET including the band structure variation is developed to assess the BSE impact on nanowire MOSFET operation. Results at the device level are successfully confronted and validated on numerical tight-binding simulations. The model is further implemented in a circuit simulator and is used to evaluate BSE impact on performances of ring oscillator based on GAA nanowire MOSFET.
Molecular-Weight Multimodality of Multiple Flory Distributions (2002)

It is well-known that the final end-use properties of polymer resins depend on the shape of the molecular-weight distribution (MWD) very strongly. Particularly, polymer resins with bimodal MWDs are required for certain special applications, as they may simultaneously present enhanced mechanical and flow properties. A theoretical framework for the characterization of bimodality (or multimodality) of MWDs of polymers produced through linear polymerizations at steady-state or quasi-steady-state conditions is developed and presented here. Conditions for the development of bimodality in generalized NS-Schulz–Flory distributions are characterized for different forms of presentation of the MWDs. It is shown that the bimodal character of the MWD depends on the particular form used to represent it, which can then be used to generate an index of bimodality of the MWD. The theoretical results are finally used to compute the index of bimodality of actual polymer materials obtained at plant site.
Exploiting uncertainty in regression forests for accurate camera relocalization (2015)

Recent advances in camera relocalization use predictions from a regression forest to guide the camera pose optimization procedure. In these methods, each tree associates one pixel with a point in the scene's 3D world coordinate frame. In previous work, these predictions were point estimates and the subsequent camera pose optimization implicitly assumed an isotropic distribution of these estimates. In this paper, we train a regression forest to predict mixtures of anisotropic 3D Gaussians and show how the predicted uncertainties can be taken into account for continuous pose optimization. Experiments show that our proposed method is able to relocalize up to 40% more frames than the state of the art.
P‐20: The Effect of Oxide‐TFT Design on Voltage‐Threshold Shift (2015)

The threshold voltage (V th ) instability of oxide TFT is the largest hindrance to mass production. Stability improvement mainly focuses on the material and the process adjustment. Results in this study show that reasonable designs (such as floating SD, IGZO separation, etc.)reduce V th shift. The influence mechanism of TFT shape to V th shift is discussed in this paper.
Luminescence kinetics of linear polymer molecules with chromophores randomly distributed along the chain (2001)

Luminescence kinetics of chromophores randomly attached to an isolated flexible polymer chain is studied. In the static case, when the polymer chain does not change its conformation during the donor excited-state lifetime, analytical equations are derived for the luminescence kinetics of both ideal and nonideal polymer chains. The conditions are formulated when the inhomogeneous broadening should be taken into account. For the dynamic case, the diffusion and hopping mechanisms of the polymer motion are studied.
Detecting GAN generated errors (2019)

Despite an impressive performance from the latest GAN for generating hyper-realistic images, GAN discriminators have difficulty evaluating the quality of an individual generated sample. This is because the task of evaluating the quality of a generated image differs from deciding if an image is real or fake. A generated image could be perfect except in a single area but still be detected as fake. Instead, we propose a novel approach for detecting where errors occur within a generated image. By collaging real images with generated images, we compute for each pixel, whether it belongs to the real distribution or generated distribution. Furthermore, we leverage attention to model long-range dependency; this allows detection of errors which are reasonable locally but not holistically. For evaluation, we show that our error detection can act as a quality metric for an individual image, unlike FID and IS. We leverage Improved Wasserstein, BigGAN, and StyleGAN to show a ranking based on our metric correlates impressively with FID scores. Our work opens the door for better understanding of GAN and the ability to select the best samples from a GAN model.
Molecular Pathway to Protection From Age-Dependent Photoreceptor Degeneration in Mef2 Deficiency (2017)

These results suggest that the MEF2-PGC1α cascade may represent a new therapeutic target for drugs designed to protect photoreceptors from developmental- and age-dependent loss.
FAILURE OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE - RELEASING HORMONE AND INSULIN TO FURTHER AUGMENT THYROTROPHIN RELEASE IN PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM (1977)

The effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on the release of thyrotrophin (TSH) was studied in five patients with primary hypothyroidism. All five patients had elevated TSH levels with an exaggerated rise in response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH). No rise over control values was found after LH-RH or insulin indicating that despite the augmentation of TSH release in primary hypothyroidism there is no alteration of the specificity of the thyrotroph response.
Silicon carbide high-power devices (1996)

In recent years, silicon carbide has received increased attention because of its potential for high-power devices. The unique material properties of SiC, high electric breakdown field, high saturated electron drift velocity, and high thermal conductivity are what give this material its tremendous potential in the power device arena. 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (1400 V) with forward current densities over 700 A/cm/sup 2/ at 2 V have been demonstrated. Packaged SITs have produced 57 W of output power at 500 MHz, SiC UMOSFETs (1200 V) are projected to have 15 times the current density of Si IGBTs (1200 V). Submicron gate length 4H-SiC MESFETs have achieved f/sub max/=32 GHz, f/sub T/=14.0 GHz, and power density=2.8 W/mm @ 1.8 GHz. The performances of a wide variety of SiC devices are compared to that of similar Si and GaAs devices and to theoretically expected results.
Different exon-intron organization at the 5' part of a mouse class I gene is used to generate a novel H-2Kd-related mRNA. (1983)

A cDNA library constructed from liver mRNA of DBA/2 (H-2d) mice has been screened with H-2-specific probes. The nucleotide sequence of one clone (pH-2d-24) indicates that it derives from an H-2 gene with an unexpected exon-intron organization. Nucleotide sequence comparisons suggest that two distinct mRNAs are produced from a single H-2Kd gene by a mechanism involving the use of alternative splicing sites in its 5' region. pH-2d-24 carries an open reading frame encoding a thus-far-undescribed polypeptide product identical to an H-2Kd-molecule, except for the NH2-terminal half of the first domain.
Plasticity and Fracture of InP/Si Substructures (2014)

We report on the mechanical response of semiconductor substructures formed by InP membranes bonded to silicon. The bonded surfaces are of the order of ~ 1 cm2 and were bonded using oxide-free direct wafer bonding. Both the plastic response of the InP membrane and the InP/Si interface strength have been investigated using instrumented nanoindentation.
Utilizing Temporal Locality for Hash Tables with Circular Chaining (2022)

A hash table with separate chaining typically adopts linearly linked lists as buckets to resolve collisions. This study demonstrates that converting bucket structures from linear to circular chaining enables buckets to utilize temporal locality and improve search performance. Unlike linear chaining, circular chaining can track the most recently accessed entry and preserve the reachability of all bucket entries without complicated data structures and operations. We defined temporal locality interval (TLI) to represent the period during which subsequent bucket access repeats itself on a single entry. We analyzed the average search cost using the TLI length and load factor. The average search cost converges to the minimum when the TLI length dominates the load factor. In our experiments using the SPEC CPU 2006 benchmark suite, circular chaining manifested 1.14 comparisons, reducing the cost of linear chaining by 45.71% when the load factor was 0.99. The improvement is notable, particularly for tables with a high load factor and uneven distribution of bucket sizes.
Challenges to achievement of metal sustainability in our high-tech society (2014)

Achievement of sustainability in metal life cycles from mining of virgin ore to consumer and industrial devices to end-of-life products requires greatly increased recycling rates and improved processing of metals using conventional and green chemistry technologies. Electronic and other high-tech products containing precious, toxic, and specialty metals usually have short lifetimes and low recycling rates. Products containing these metals generally are incinerated, discarded as waste in landfills, or dismantled in informal recycling using crude and environmentally irresponsible procedures. Low recycling rates of metals coupled with increasing demand for high-tech products containing them necessitate increased mining with attendant environmental, health, energy, water, and carbon-footprint consequences. In this tutorial review, challenges to achieving metal sustainability, including projected use of urban mining, in present high-tech society are presented; health, environmental, and economic incentives for various government, industry, and public stakeholders to improve metal sustainability are discussed; a case for technical improvements, including use of molecular recognition, in selective metal separation technology, especially for metal recovery from dilute feed stocks is given; and global consequences of continuing on the present path are examined.
How to make a hippocampal dentate gyrus granule neuron (2014)

Granule neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) receive their primary inputs from the cortex and are known to be continuously generated throughout adult life. Ongoing integration of newborn neurons into the existing hippocampal neural circuitry provides enhanced neuroplasticity, which plays a crucial role in learning and memory; deficits in this process have been associated with cognitive decline under neuropathological conditions. In this Primer, we summarize the developmental principles that regulate the process of DG neurogenesis and discuss recent advances in harnessing these developmental cues to generate DG granule neurons from human pluripotent stem cells.
Multi-Segment Radius Measurement Using an Absolute Distance Meter Through a Null Assembly (2011)

This system was one of the test methods considered for measuring the radius of curvature of one or more of the 18 segmented mirrors that form the 6.5 m diameter primary mirror (PM) of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The assembled telescope will be tested at cryogenic temperatures in a 17-m diameter by 27-m high vacuum chamber at the Johnson Space Center. This system uses a Leica Absolute Distance Meter (ADM), at a wavelength of 780 nm, combined with beam-steering and beam-shaping optics to make a differential distance measurement between a ring mirror on the reflective null assembly and individual PM segments. The ADM is located inside the same Pressure-Tight Enclosure (PTE) that houses the test interferometer. The PTE maintains the ADM and interferometer at ambient temperature and pressure so that they are not directly exposed to the telescope s harsh cryogenic and vacuum environment. This system takes advantage of the existing achromatic objective and reflective null assembly used by the test interferometer to direct four ADM beamlets to four PM segments through an optical path that is coincident with the interferometer beam. A mask, positioned on a linear slide, contains an array of 1.25 mm diameter circular subapertures that map to each of the 18 PM segments as well as six positions around the ring mirror. A down-collimated 4 mm ADM beam simultaneously covers 4 adjacent PM segment beamlets and one ring mirror beamlet. The radius, or spacing, of all 18 segments can be measured with the addition of two orthogonally-oriented scanning pentaprisms used to steer the ADM beam to any one of six different sub-aperture configurations at the plane of the ring mirror. The interferometer beam, at a wavelength of 687 nm, and the ADM beamlets, at a wavelength of 780 nm, pass through the objective and null so that the rays are normally incident on the parabolic PM surface. After reflecting off the PM, both the ADM and interferometer beams return to their respective instruments on nearly the same path. A fifth beamlet, acting as a differential reference, reflects off a ring mirror attached to the objective and null and returns to the ADM. The spacings between the ring mirror, objective, and null are known through manufacturing tolerances as well as through an in situ null wavefront alignment of the interferometer test beam with a reflective hologram located near the caustic of the null. Since total path length between the ring mirror and PM segments is highly deterministic, any ADM-measured departures from the predicted path length can be attributed to either spacing error or radius error in the PM. It is estimated that the path length measurement between the ring mirror and a PM segment is accurate to better than 100 m. The unique features of this invention include the differential distance measuring capability and its integration into an existing cryogenic and vacuum compatible interferometric optical test.