gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of Torsional, Rotational and Translational Responses in the Seismic Analysis of a Nuclear Power Plant (1979)

A particular type of seismic analysis performed on the Nuclear Island Buildings (NIB) complex of a nuclear power plant and the methods developed to combine torsional, rotational and translational responses are described. The NIB complex analyzed consists of various buildings supported on a common foundation mat and tied together from the underground foundation to the roof levels. Three independent building mathematical models were used for the three components of the earthquake with a lumped-mass method utilizing direct integration of the coupled equations of motion. The input ground acceleration time histories were based on three 20 s long statistically independent records whose mormalized response spectra enveloped those of Regulatory Guide 1.60. A linear stochastic model was used to generate these records which simulated strong motion earthquakes. Due to site characteristics, the soil material properties were calculated considering different ranges of soil moduli below and above the foundation.
Nanostructured self-cleaning lyocell fabrics with asymmetric wettability and moisture absorbency (part I) (2014)

A single-faced superhydrophobic lyocell fabric maintaining its inherent high moisture absorbing bulk property was produced by oxygen plasma-based nanostructuring and a subsequent coating with a low-surface-energy material. After 5 minutes of oxygen plasma etching, followed by 30 seconds of a plasma polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane coating, the treated surface of lyocell turned into a superhydrophobic surface with a static contact angle greater than 160° and a sliding angle less than 2°; however, the backside was hydrophilic, untreated lyocell fabric. As a result of oxygen plasma etching, dual hierarchical roughness was formed on the lyocell fabric as nano scale pillars or hairs were added onto the lyocell fabric surface with micro scale roughness. Extremely opposite wetting behavior was observed, when a water droplet was deposited on the face and backside of the plasma-treated lyocell fabric. A water droplet was immediately absorbed and spread out on the untreated backside, while it rolled off the treated surface, demonstrating a bouncing effect.
Three‐Dimensional Battery Architectures (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On robust transaction routing and load sharing (1991)

In this paper we examine the issue of robust transaction routing in a locally distributed database environment where transaction characteristics such as reference locality imply that certain processing systems can be identified as being more suitable than others for a given transaction class. A response time based routing strategy can strike a balance between indiscriminate sharing of the load and routing based only on transaction affinity. Since response time estimates depend on workload and system parameters that may not be readily available, it is important to examine the robustness of routing decisions to information accuracy. We find that a strategy which strictly tries to minimize the response time of incoming transactions is sensitive to the accuracy of certain parameter values. On the other hand, naive strategies, that simply ignore the parameters in making routing decisions, have even worse performance. Three alternative strategies are therefore examined: threshold, discriminatory, and adaptive. Instead of just optimizing an incoming transaction's response time, the first two strategies pursue a strategy that is somewhat more oriented towards global optimization. This is achieved by being more restrictive on either the condition or the candidate for balancing the load. The third strategy, while trying to minimize the response time of individual incoming transactions, employs a feedback process to adaptively adjust future response time estimates. It monitors the discrepancy between the actual and estimated response times and introduces a correction factor based on regression analysis. All three strategies are shown to be robust with respect to the accuracy of workload and system parameters used in the response time estimation.
Acceptability and practicability of elastic compression stockings in the elderly: a randomized controlled evaluation (2011)

Difficulties regarding putting on and removal of the compression stockings remain significant but are counterbalanced by a better comfort when they are on.
Intuitive Understanding of Flicker Noise Reduction via Narrowing of Conduction Angle in Voltage-Biased Oscillators (2019)

This brief aims to intuitively explain and numerically verify the observed phenomenon of flicker noise reduction in oscillators of reduced conduction angle (i.e., in class-C), which has been presented in literature but never properly explained. The flicker phase noise in a voltage-biased oscillator capable of operating in class-B and class-C is compared and numerically verified using a commercial simulation model of TSMC 28-nm CMOS. We illustrate how narrowing the conduction angle can suppress the 1/f noise up-conversion by decreasing 1/f noise exposure to the asymmetric rising and falling edges of oscillation waveform. The effects of implicit common-mode tank in the class-C operation is also discussed. We further clarify ambiguities among several simulation methods of impulse sensitivity function (ISF) based on periodic small-signal analysis [periodic AC or periodic transfer function (PXF)], which is a key tool in understanding the flicker noise up-conversion. A clearer ISF simulation method based on positive sidebands of PXF is proposed.
Proposal for determining exposure latitude requirements (2008)

To determine the magnitude of the exposure latitude required for a process to be manufacturable, additional factors are considered that have a similar relationship between linewidth variation and image log-slope. Such parameters include resist thickness, flare, post-exposure bake temperature, and line-edge roughness. To obtain consistency between theory and experiment it is necessary to use the resist-edge log-slope generalization of image log-slope. Inclusion of these additional factors increases the required exposure latitude five to six times more than would be considered necessary from exposure tool dose control alone.
Implantation of electromagnetic transponders following radical prostatectomy for delivery of IMRT. (2010)

The placement of Calypso transponders for adjuvant/salvage RT is a safe and efficacious method for treatment targeting with an acceptable acute toxicity profile.
Hypoglycemia and Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Baseline Results From the WISDM Study (2019)

Over half of older T1D participants spent at least an hour a day with glucose levels <70 mg/dL. Those with reduced hypoglycemia awareness spent over twice as much time than those without in a serious hypoglycemia range (glucose levels <54 mg/dL). Interventions to reduce exposure to clinically significant hypoglycemia and increase time in range are urgently needed in this age group.
Ion Pair pKs of Some Amines: Extension of the Computed Lithium pK Scale (2011)

The pK of p-(methylamino)biphenyl, 1, on our Li scale, pK(Li) = 22.09, compared to the cesium scale, pK(Cs) = 28.60. For hexamethyldisilazane, HMDS, pK(Li) = 23.05, pK(Cs) = 29.26. These results are those for the monomers in THF; corrections were made for dimers present in some cases. The pK(Li) of these two amines fit well the previously found correlation with Hartree-Fock calculations at 6-31+g(d) using RLi coordinated with three dimethyl ethers as a computational model for RLi in THF. The results are also compared with earlier pK(Li)s reported from equilibria with lithium amides in which aggregation was not considered.
Heteroepitaxial growth of SnSe films by pulsed laser deposition using Se-rich targets (2015)

Epitaxial growth of SnSe was studied using pulsed laser deposition on three kinds of single-crystalline substrates, MgO (100), NaCl (100), and SrF2 (100), along with silica glass. For polycrystalline SnSe grown on glass, we found that a 20% Se-rich polycrystalline target is effective for obtaining stoichiometric SnSe films. The crystal structure of all the obtained films was the same as that of bulk SnSe, and the optimum temperatures for epitaxial growth were 400–500 °C, where the highest temperature was limited by re-evaporation. All the epitaxial films exhibited an a-axis orientation. For in-plane epitaxial structures, a quasi cube-on-cube heteroepitaxy was observed for MgO, whereas a 45°-rotated heteroepitaxy was observed for NaCl and SrF2, which can be explained by in-plane lattice matching. The anisotropic lattice mismatching and thermal expansion explain the compressive strain induced along the in-plane c-axis and the tensile strains along the in-plane b-axis and the out-of-plane a-axis. The epitaxial films on NaCl exhibited the best crystallinity, but the highest hole mobility of 60 cm2/(V s) was obtained on MgO. The indirect optical gap of the best films was determined to be 0.8 eV. Plausible interface models were proposed based on density functional calculations.
Image segmentation by spatially adaptive color and texture features (2004)

An image segmentation algorithm that is based on spatially adaptive color and texture features is presented. The proposed algorithm is based on a previously proposed algorithm but introduces a number of new elements. We use a new set of texture features based on a steerable filter decomposition. The steerable filters combined with a new spatial texture segmentation scheme provide a finer and more robust segmentation into texture classes. The proposed algorithm includes an elaborate border estimation procedure, which extends the idea of Pappas (1992) adaptive clustering segmentation algorithm to color texture. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in the domain of photographic images, including low resolution compressed images.
Zinc oxide tetrapod synthesis and application for UV sensors (2012)

Zinc oxide tetrapods (ZnO-Ts) were synthesized by air oxidation of zinc vapor. For stable production of the ZnO-Ts at the furnace temperatures of 900 °C, the lowest evaporator temperature was found to be 480 °C. Aerosol measurements showed that the fraction of naturally charged particles decreased with evaporator temperature from 89 % at 480 C to 43 % at 420 C. Various UV sensors were prepared to study the response and reset times and the On/Off ratio as a function of the ZnO-T concentrations, interelectrode distance and air humidity conditions. The presence of humid air was found to increase the conductivity of the ZnO-T sensors and to lower the response and reset times as well as On/Off ratio to 98, 96 and 88 %, respectively.
Methotrexate Delivery to the Eye Using Transscleral Hydrogel Iontophoresis (2007)

A short low current non-invasive iontophoretic treatment using methotrexate-loaded hydrogels has a potential clinical value in treating ocular inflammatory diseases and intraocular lymphoma.
Making Sense of the Aggregator Bank (2009)

On Tuesday, 10 February 2009, Treasury Secretary Geithner proposed the aggregator bank (“public-private investment fund”) as a key instrument to resolve the financial crisis (www.financialstability.gov). The Treasury description leaves many issues unanswered. Here we explain how an aggregator bank might operate in practice. We fill in some of the major details so as to enhance the effectiveness of the aggregator bank. In particular, the approach emphasizes transparency and value to the taxpayer, minimizing the need for bank-by-bank negotiations and thereby minimizing the opportunities for the government to play favorites.
Implementation of synergetic observations by terrestrial and space lidar systems and sun-radiometer for study of large scale aerosol changes (2019)

The method of combined lidar and radiometer sounding (LRS) became a specialized tool for measuring altitude distributions of aerosol optical parameters and aerosol mode concentrations. The work gives description of advanced version of LRS technique, which integrates data of ground-based multiwavelength lidar systems, as well as satellite lidars like CALIOP, with data of AERONET radiometer stations for monitoring aerosol mode concentration profiles to study the atmospheric process over the area of large regions, or the Earth's atmosphere as a whole. Lidar and Radiometer Inversion Cod (LIRIC) is used as a base software package for processing data of terrestrial and satellite lidar observation because of high stability of its sequential inversion procedure for processing combined radiometer and lidar data. Special software module was developed to extract the ensemble of individual CALIOP profiles of attenuated backscatters in the vicinity of AERONET sites from CALIPSO Lidar L1B Profile Data. A number of collocated measurements by means of AERONET radiometer, ground-based lidar and CALIOP were carried out to validate the results of the extended LRS technique. Altitude profiles of aerosol mode concentrations retrieved from ground-based and satellite lidar data are compared to estimate differences between two types of LRSmeasurements. Advanced terrestrial and satellite LRS technique was used to obtain the “snapshot” of aerosol concentration profiles over the world in the frame of international “Lidar and Radiometer measurement campaign - 2017" (LRMC-2017). Thirty nine combined lidar and radiometer stations in Eurasian and South American continents participated in terrestrial part of the campaign.
The effect of turbulence on the variation of the ultrasonic Doppler amplitude within the cardiac cycle (1992)

The effect of turbulence on the variation of the ultrasonic Doppler signal within the cardiac cycle have been evaluated experimentally using a pulsatile flow loop model. Turbulence has been generated in the model by adding a screen mesh in the tube. Porcine red cells suspended in saline solution at 40% hematocrit were used as the scattering fluid. Experiments were performed at a mean flow velocity of 12 cm/s and a maximal flow velocity at peak systole of approximately 60 cm/s. The amplitude of the Doppler signal in presence of turbulence was found to increase during systole with a maximum occurring early after peak systole, and to decrease in diastole during deceleration of flow. It is postulated that the variation of the Doppler amplitude within the flow cycle is associated with a cyclic change in the correlation among red cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligonucleotide Analogues with a Nucleobase‐Including Backbone: Part 6. 2‐Deoxy‐D‐erythrose‐Derived Phosphoramidites: Synthesis and Incorporation into 14‐Mer DNA Strands. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Controlling Underwater Robots with Electronic Nervous Systems (2010)

We are developing robot controllers based on biomimetic design principles. The goal is to realise the adaptive capabilities of the animal models in natural environments. We report feasibility studies of a hybrid architecture that instantiates a command and coordinating level with computed discrete‐time map‐based (DTM) neuronal networks and the central pattern generators with analogue VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) electronic neuron (aVLSI) networks. DTM networks are realised using neurons based on a 1‐D or 2‐D Map with two additional parameters that define silent, spiking and bursting regimes. Electronic neurons (ENs) based on Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) dynamics can be instantiated in analogue VLSI and exhibit similar behaviour to those based on discrete components. We have constructed locomotor central pattern generators (CPGs) with aVLSI networks that can be modulated to select different behaviours on the basis of selective command input. The two technologies can be fused by interfacing the signals from the DTM circuits directly to the aVLSI CPGs. Using DTMs, we have been able to simulate complex sensory fusion for rheotaxic behaviour based on both hydrodynamic and optical flow senses. We will illustrate aspects of controllers for ambulatory biomimetic robots. These studies indicate that it is feasible to fabricate an electronic nervous system controller integrating both aVLSI CPGs and layered DTM exteroceptive reflexes.
Self-optimizing antenna muting - energy consumption and user thoughput analysis (2012)

Energy consumption in mobile networks, e.g. 3G networks, may be a substantial part of an operator's expenses. A large part of the total energy of the network is consumed by the radio access network. Today operators are saving energy by turning off carriers or cells during periods with low traffic by manually configuring on-off periods. At the same time, operators are seeking to increase cost efficiency through simplifying network management processes by means of automation. In this paper we address energy saving by introducing an approach that automatically and without operator involvement deactivates radio units during periods with low load. We demonstrate the benefits of antenna deactivation using a dynamic simulator and a realistic deployment based on a major Western European city. The results presented suggest that there is potential for significantly enhancing the energy efficiency in mobile networks by adaptive activation of radio units.
All-fiber optical magnetic-field sensor based on Faraday rotation in highly terbium-doped fiber (2010)

An all-fiber optical magnetic field sensor is demonstrated. It consists of a fiber Faraday rotator and a fiber polarizer. The fiber Faraday rotator uses a 2-cm-long section of 56-wt.%-terbium-doped silicate fiber with a Verdet constant of -24.5 rad/(Tm) at 1053 nm. The fiber polarizer is Corning SP1060 single-polarization fiber. The sensor has a sensitivity of 0.49 rad/T and can measure magnetic fields from 0.02 to 3.2 T.
All-Polarization-Maintaining Dual-Color/Dual-Comb Yb:Fiber Laser (2019)

Dual-comb spectroscopy systems based on two pulse trains emitted from a single laser cavity benefit from passive mutual coherence between the two pulse trains, which leads to common-mode noise cancellation in the down converted radio-frequency (RF)-comb [1]. Due to their robustness, single cavity dual-color/dual-comb fiber lasers are promising candidates for such spectroscopy systems [2,3]. Here, we present a novel method to generate two pulse trains out of a single fiber laser cavity based on mechanical spectral filtering, which offers two key features: dynamical adjustment of the spectral separation between the two pulse trains and tuning of the difference in repetition rates. After demonstrating the concept in a 23-MHz nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) mode-locked ytterbium (Yb) laser [4], we have now for the first time implemented this concept in a nonlinear amplified loop mirror (NALM) mode-locked all-polarization maintaining (PM) Yb:fiber laser operating at a repetition rate of 77 MHz, thus improving both the stability as well as the non-aliasing dual-comb bandwidth. The laser contains a free-space arm with a transmission grating compressor, in which the spectral components of the intra-cavity light are spatially dispersed (Fig.1(a)). By introducing a small beam block into the grating compressor, we split the spectrum into two separate regions. We show that these two spectral regions can be independently mode-locked, thus creating two pulse trains with slightly different repetition rates (Fig.1(b-d)). Due to the spatial distribution of the spectral components, we can vary the width of the spectral cut between the two spectra by rotating the beam block (Fig. 1(b), blue curves). Furthermore, adjusting the grating spacing (and thus the amount of dispersion) allows us to tune the difference in the repetition rate Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rep</sub> from 1-6 kHz (Fig. 1(e)). After spectral separation at the cavity output, the pulse centered around 1030 nm is amplified and broadened in a nonlinear fiber to create a spectral overlap with the 1060 nm-pulse (Fig. 1(f)). The overlapping spectrum is bandpass-filtered around 1055 nm and sent onto a photodiode (PD). An oscilloscope trace of the PD output shows interferograms (Fig. 1(f), inset) occurring with a periodicity of 1/Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rep</sub> , which correspond to the Fourier-transform of the down-converted RF comb that is generated by the beating of both optical combs.
The role of thermo-catalytic reforming for energy recovery from food and drink supply chain wastes (2017)

Disposal of food and drink wastes, including packaging wastes, has a significant cost and environmental impact. All carbon containing wastes have an energy potential and the food industry should focus on recovering that energy to offset their reliance on fossil-fuel derived energy sources. This paper focuses on the novel use of intermediate pyrolysis for decarbonizing the food chain, through the treatment of food and packaging waste, to recover energy. The TCR is a versatile technology which overcomes many of the traditional problems associated with fast pyrolysis and can thermo-chemically convert a range of different feedstocks, including inaccessible lignin and some inorganic, recalcitrant materials. The feedstocks are converted into new fuel sources; char, bio-oil (thermally stable) and permanent gases, for further electrical and heat generation. Ultimately with the use of the TCR technology, the food production industry could look to using decentralized power generation located on-site of large food processing facilities to optimize their energy efficiencies.
A Pattern of Precision (2004)

The amazing precision with which different cell types find their correct locations in developing tissues has fascinated&#13;\nbiologists for decades. Models of cell fate patterning during development emphasize the contrast between spatial&#13;\ngradients of developmental signals that act at long range and cell-to-cell signaling events that act locally. Development of the vulva in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides an elegant model system for examining the patterning of cell fate in an animal. There is strong evidence that two different intercellular signals contribute to the relatively simple induction of cell fate&#13;\namong vulval precursor cells (VPCs): a long-range spatial gradient of epidermal growth factor (EGF) mediated by the EGF receptor (1, 2) and a cell-to-cell lateral signal&#13;\nmediated by the Notch-like receptor LIN-12 (3–5).