gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Chemistry Designs in Porous SiOCH Film Stacks and Plasma Etching Gases for Damageless Cu Interconnects in (2008)

film. The novel etch-stopperless structure is obtained by comprehensive chemistry design of C/O ratios in the SiOCH stack and the etching plasma of an Ar N CF O gas mixture technique. Large hydrocarbons attached to hexagonal silica backbones in the MPS‐SiOCH prevent the Si‐CHx bonds from oxidation during O -plasma ashing, suppressing the C-depleted damage area at the DD sidewall. Combining multiresist mask process with immersion ArF photolithography, strictly controlled Cu DD interconnects with 180-nm pitched lines and 65-nm-diameter vias are obtained successfully, ready for the 300-mm fabrication.
Ultrabroadband, coherent light source based on self-channeling of few-cycle pulses in helium (2008)

Self-channeling of few-cycle laser pulses in helium at high pressure generates coherent light supercontinua spanning the range of 270-1000 nm, with the highest efficiency demonstrated to date. Our results open the door to the synthesis of powerful light waveforms shaped within the carrier field oscillation cycle and hold promise for the generation of pulses at the single-cycle limit.
Effects of prosthetic feet on metabolic energy expenditure in people with transtibial amputation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2021)

The overall body of evidence is based on small samples, comprised mostly of participants who may not well represent the population of prosthesis users and test conditions that may not well reflect how prostheses are used in daily life. However, evidence suggests energy costs are affected by prosthetic foot type only under select conditions.
Antimicrobial Activity of Nano-Encapsulated Essential Oils: Comparison to Non-Encapsulated Essential Oils (2015)

International audience
Genome editing assessment using CRISPR Genome Analyzer (CRISPR-GA) (2014)

mguell@genetics.med.harvard.edu.
A Comparison of Techniques for Magnetotelluric (1989)

Spectral analysis of the time-varying horizontal magnetic and electric field components yields the magnetotelluric (MT) impedance tensor. This frequency dependent 2x2 complex tensor can be examined for details which axe diagnostic of the electrical conductivity distribution in the Eaxth within the relevant (frequency dependent) inductive scale length of the surface observation point. As such, precise and accurate determination of this tensor from the electromagnetic time series is fundamental to successful interpretation of the derived responses. In this paper, several analysis techniques are applied to the same data set from one of the EMSLAB Lincoln Line sites. Two subsets of the complete data set were selected, on the basis of geomagnetic activity, to test the methods in the presence of differing signal-to-noise ratios for varying signals and noises. Illustrated by this comparison are the effects of both statistical and bias errors on the estimates from the diverse methods. It is concluded that robust processing methods should become adopted for the analysis of MT data, and that whenever possible remote reference fields should be used to avoid bias due to runcorrelated noise contributions. EMSLAB has brought together in a cooperative effort many electromagnetic (EM) induction workers with diverse backgrounds and experiences. That the EMSLAB project has many facets is well illustrated by the breadth of the subject matter of the papers in this special section. One such topic has focussed interest on the problem of determining the magnetotelluric (MT) impedance tensor elements from measurements of the time-varying components of the EM field as precisely and as accurately as possible. The availability of synoptic observations of the time-varying EM field over the EMSLAB-Juan de Fuca area motivated examination of the many disparate spectral analysis methods used to analyze similar (or identical) data and also led to the development of new ways of computing MT responses (e.g., robust methods, see below). In an analogous fashion to the objectives of the mini-EMSLAB project [Young e! al., 1988], we wished to undertake a comparison exercise to evaluate the relative efficacies of our analysis codes given the same data. The time-varying EM field components are, by Maxwell's [1892] equations, related by linear differential operators, and for certain classes of external source potentials [Egbert and Booker, this issue], concepts appropriate for multiple-input/multiple-output linear systems can be appealed to. The estimation of the weighting response functions, or their frequency domain equivalent the transfer functions, for a multiple-input/multiple
Side chain hydroxylation of aromatic compounds by fungi.: 1. Products and stereochemistry (1987)

The fungus Mortierellaisabellina can convert ethylbenzene and a number of para-substituted derivatives to the corresponding optically active 1-phenylethanols with enantiomeric excesses between 5 and 40% and chemical yields up to 45%. 2-Ethylnaphthalene, 2-ethylthiophene, and n-propylbenzene were similarly converted, as were the bicyclic compounds indane and tetralin. In most cases, the R absolute configuration of product predominated. The fungi Cunninghamellaechinulata var. elegans and Helminthosporium species are also capable of performing some of these transformations. M. isabellina and C. elegans also produce 2-phenylethanols as products in some cases. The highest enantiomeric excesses during benzylic hydroxylation were obtained with Helminthosporium and are attributable, at least in part, to further stereoselective oxidation of the alcohol. Cross induction experiments with M. isabellina indicate that the same enzyme may be responsible for the benzylic hydroxylation of ethylbenzene, 2-ethylthiophene, and 2-ethylnaphthalene.
Impact of data availability and pseudo‐measurement synthesis on distribution system state estimation (2021)

Abstract The influence of the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) set‐up and of the related modelling of pseudo‐measurements on the accuracy of state estimation (SE) in distribution grids, especially at the low‐voltage level, is studied herein. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is carried out that accounts for the type, the penetration level, and the placement of the metering devices that compose state‐of‐the‐art AMIs. Special care is given to the synthesis of active and reactive power pseudo‐measurements, which substantially impacts the estimation of peak values. Although crucial for system operators, peak values are very often neglected in the SE literature. For that purpose, this study promotes realistic approaches to generate synthetic load profiles and relies on evaluation metrics that are not purely based on the point‐wise precision but consider the statistical properties of the SE outcomes. This is tested on an actual 971‐bus distribution grid with the corresponding smart meter data and is evaluated with respect to the accuracy of active and reactive power injections, bus voltages, and line loadings.
Natural History of Fatty Infiltration and Atrophy of the Supraspinatus Muscle in Rotator Cuff Tears (2010)

Level IV, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Base Specific and Regioselective Chemical Cross-Linking of Daunorubicin to DNA (1996)

The potent anticancer drug daunorubicin binds to DNA by the process of intercalation. Formaldehyde (HCOH) was found to rapidly and efficiently cross-link the drug to DNA in solution in a reaction the rate of which was strongly dependent upon HCOH concentration. The cross-linked drug remains intercalated into DNA, as judged from the results of absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroic spectroscopic studies and thermal denaturation studies. Comparative studies using a series of anthracycline derivatives showed that the 3‘-NH2 group on the daunosamine moiety is absolutely required for cross-linking. Comparative studies using synthetic deoxypolynucleotides of defined sequence showed that the N2 amino group of guanine is absolutely required for cross-linking. In restriction enzyme inhibition assays using pBR322 DNA as a substrate, cross-linked daunorubicin was found to completely inhibit cutting by Nae I (recognition site 5‘GCCGGC3‘) but not by Dra I (recognition site 5‘TTTAAA3‘). These results (a) extend, into solution, previous reports of the cross-linking of daunorubicin to oligonucleotides in crystals; (b) show that daunorubicin can be chemically cross-linked to natural DNA samples as well as to poly- and oligonucleotides, and (c) demonstrate the base- and regioselectivity of the cross-linking reaction.
Supplementary Figures from Early Noninvasive Detection of Response to Targeted Therapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The supplementary figures for "Early noninvasive detection of response to targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer" depict dynamic changes of ctDNA during therapy (S1), copy number changes identified in cfDNA from analyses of whole-genome data (S2), concordance between alterations observed with TEC-Seq in the plasma and clinical NGS analyses in the tumor tissue or plasma (S3), timeline of ctDNA analyses, CT assessments, and treatment response (S4), CT imaging assessments for responders and non-responders (S5), and cell-free tumor load and change in RECIST SLD (S6) for patients analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;
Development of a Gravity-Insensitive Heat Pump for Lunar Applications (2006)

Mainstream Engineering Corporation is developing a gravity-insensitive system that will allow a vapor-compression-cycle heat pump to be used in both microgravity (10(exp -6)g) and lunar (10(exp -6)g) environments. System capacity is 5 kW to 15 kW at design refrigerant operating conditions of 4.44 C and 60 C evaporating and condensing temperatures, respectively. The current program, performed for NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) and presented in this paper, includes compressor performance analysis, detailed system design, and thermal analysis. Future efforts, including prototype fabrication, integration of a solar power source and controls, ground-testing, and flight-testing support, are also discussed.
Principles of “Majority Rules” and “Sergeants and Soldiers” Applied to the Aggregation of Optically Active Polythiophenes:  Evidence for a Multichain Phenomenon (1998)

No abstract
Kinematic Tibiofibular Syndesmotic Measurements as Indicators of Tibiotalar Osteoarthritis: Exploratory Analysis Using 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography (2022)

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT)–derived measurements of tibiofibular syndesmosis during active dorsiflexion-plantarflexion motion and the presence of tibiotalar osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Sixteen ankle joints underwent 4DCT imaging during active dorsiflexion-plantarflexion. Syndesmotic anterior distance (SAD) and syndesmotic translation (ST) were obtained by a foot-and-ankle surgeon. We used Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading to determine tibiotalar OA. Results Of 16 scanned ankles, 12 ankles had KL ≥2 at the tibiotalar joint. In these ankles, SAD (−0.4, P = 0.02) and ST (−0.9, P = 0.006) measurements significantly changed during the dorsiflexion-plantarflexion motion. Changes in SAD measurements were significantly correlated with the KL grades (correlation coefficient: −0.688, P = 0.003); however, the changes in ST measurements were not significantly correlated with the KL grade. Conclusions Our exploratory cross-sectional analysis shows that SAD measurement changes during motion using 4DCT are correlated with the tibiotalar OA grading. This measurement may be used but requires confirmation in larger studies including patients with actual syndesmotic injuries.
Si concentrator solar cell development. [Final report] (1994)

This is the final report of a program to develop a commercial, high-efficiency, low-cost concentrator solar cell compatible with Spectrolab`s existing manufacturing infrastructure for space solar cells. The period covered is between 1991 and 1993. The program was funded through Sandia National Laboratories through the DOE concentrator initiative and, was also cost shared by Spectrolab. As a result of this program, Spectrolab implemented solar cells achieving an efficiency of over 19% at 200 to 300X concentration. The cells are compatible with DOE guidelines for a cell price necessary to achieve a cost of electricity of 12 cents a kilowatthour.
Report on the SIGIR 2013 workshop on benchmarking adaptive retrieval and recommender systems (2013)

In recent years, immense progress has been made in the development of recommendation, retrieval, and personalisation techniques. The evaluation of these systems is still based on traditional information retrieval and statistics metrics, e.g., precision, recall and/or RMSE, often not taking the use-case and situation of the actual system into consideration. However, the rapid evolution of recommender and adaptive IR systems in both their goals and their bapplication domains foster the need for new evaluation methodologies and environments. In the Workshop on Benchmarking Adaptive Retrieval and Recommender Systems, we aimed to provide a platform for discussions on novel evaluation and benchmarking approaches.
Role of σs in transcription from the positively controlled Pm promoter of the TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida (1995)

Transcription from the TOL plasmid Pm promoter is dependent on the XylS regulator activated by benzoate effectors. We analysed transcription from Pm in several backgrounds with differing Escherichia coli alpha and sigma subunits of RNA polymerase. In different RpoA backgrounds, transcription from Pm was as high as in the wild-type background throughout the growth curve. In the sigma S-deficient background provided by E. coli RH90, high levels of transcription from Pm (XylS/3-methylbenzoate dependent) were observed in the early logarithmic growth phase but not in the late logarithmic phase or early stationary phase. This contrasted with the results obtained in the isogenic sigma S-proficient background, in which high levels of transcription were observed throughout the growth curve. XylS/3-methylbenzoate-dependent transcription from Pm in the late logarithmic growth phase in the RH90 background was restored by cloned rpoS. The transcription initiation point of Pm was the same regardless of the growth phase and the sigma S background. The requirement of sigma S for stimulation of transcription from Pm in the late logarithmic and early stationary phase was overcome by using certain mutant Pm promoters, e.g. Pm5 (C-47-->G, A-44-->G), and the mutant regulator XylSG44S. It is suggested that the transcription from Pm involves the use of two sigma factors: sigma 70 during the early logarithmic phase and sigma S thereafter.
Role of Brg1 and HDAC2 in GR trans -repression of the pituitary POMC gene and misexpression in Cushing disease (2006)

Negative feedback regulation of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene by the glucocorticoid (Gc) receptor (GR) is a critical feature of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and it is in part exerted by trans-repression between GR and the orphan nuclear receptors related to NGFI-B. We now show that Brg1, the ATPase subunit of the Swi/Snf complex, is essential for this trans-repression and that Brg1 is required in vivo to stabilize interactions between GR and NGFI-B as well as between GR and HDAC2. Whereas Brg1 is constitutively present at the POMC promoter, recruitment of GR and HDAC2 is ligand-dependent and results in histone H4 deacetylation of the POMC locus. In addition, GR-dependent repression inhibits promoter clearance by RNA polymerase II. Thus, corecruitment of repressor and activator at the promoter and chromatin modification jointly contribute to trans-repression initiated by direct interactions between GR and NGFI-B. Loss of Brg1 or HDAC2 should therefore produce Gc resistance, and we show that approximately 50% of Gc-resistant human and dog corticotroph adenomas, which are the hallmark of Cushing disease, are deficient in nuclear expression of either protein. In addition to providing a molecular basis for Gc resistance, these deficiencies may also contribute to the tumorigenic process.
Deep-learning derived features for lung nodule classification with limited datasets (2018)

Only a few percent of indeterminate nodules found in lung CT images are cancer. However, enabling earlier diagnosis is important to avoid invasive procedures or long-time surveillance to those benign nodules. We are evaluating a classification framework using radiomics features derived with a machine learning approach from a small data set of indeterminate CT lung nodule images. We used a retrospective analysis of 194 cases with pulmonary nodules in the CT images with or without contrast enhancement from lung cancer screening clinics. The nodules were contoured by a radiologist and texture features of the lesion were calculated. In addition, sematic features describing shape were categorized. We also explored a Multiband network, a feature derivation path that uses a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) with a Triplet Network. This was trained to create discriminative feature representations useful for variable-sized nodule classification. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated for multiple machine learning algorithms using texture, shape, and CNN features. In the CT contrast-enhanced group, the texture or semantic shape features yielded an overall diagnostic accuracy of 80%. Use of a standard deep learning network in the framework for feature derivation yielded features that substantially underperformed compared to texture and/or semantic features. However, the proposed Multiband approach of feature derivation produced results similar in diagnostic accuracy to the texture and semantic features. While the Multiband feature derivation approach did not outperform the texture and/or semantic features, its equivalent performance indicates promise for future improvements to increase diagnostic accuracy. Importantly, the Multiband approach adapts readily to different size lesions without interpolation, and performed well with relatively small amount of training data.
Morphological and electrophysiological properties of neurones in the dorsal vagal complex of the rat activated by arterial baroreceptors (2000)

This study physiologically identifies and anatomically describes arterial baroreceptive neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat. Neurones were recorded using neurobiotin-containing whole cell patch electrodes in a working heart-brainstem preparation and characterized physiologically as arterial baroreceptive in response to stimulation of the aortic arch and/or ipsilateral carotid sinus. Fifteen of 84 neurones tested were arterial baroreceptive, 7 of 8 were morphologically identified as located in the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and 1 of 8 was located in the dorsal vagal nucleus. The seven NTS neurones had a resting membrane potential of -52 +/- 3.6 mV and a membrane input resistance of 233 +/- 38 M omega. Action potential height was 62 +/- 4.2 mV, width at half amplitude 1.46 +/- 0.38 ms, and duration of after-hyperpolarization 1.7 +/- 2.33 ms. In six of eight neurones labelled there was an invariant excitatory synaptic input (latency 3.95 +/- 0.3 ms) to stimulation of the solitary tract. Labelled somata were dorsomedial or medial to the solitary tract from -0.3 mm to +1.5 mm with regard to obex. Neurones had three to eight primary dendrites, and branches often entered the solitary tract and also extended across the ipsilateral NTS. Axons, which were mostly unmyelinated with boutons of the en passant variety, could ramify within the NTS while the main axon exited the NTS (n = 4/6), in the direction of the ipsilateral ventral medulla (n = 5/6). This is the first morphological and localisation data of physiologically characterised arterial baroreceptive NTS neurones in the rat. By comparing labelled cells with each other as well as with other unidentified cells, we conclude that NTS arterially baroreceptive neurones are morphologically and physiologically heterogenous.
Enhancing Li+ Transport in NMC811||Graphite Lithium‐Ion Batteries at Low Temperatures by Using Low‐Polarity‐Solvent Electrolytes (2022)

Abstract LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 ( x +y+ z =1)||graphite lithium‐ion battery (LIB) chemistry promises practical applications. However, its low‐temperature (≤ −20 °C) performance is poor because the increased resistance encountered by Li + transport in and across the bulk electrolytes and the electrolyte/electrode interphases induces capacity loss and battery failures. Though tremendous efforts have been made, there is still no effective way to reduce the charge transfer resistance ( R ct ) which dominates low‐temperature LIBs performance. Herein, we propose a strategy of using low‐polarity‐solvent electrolytes which have weak interactions between the solvents and the Li + to reduce R ct , achieving facile Li + transport at sub‐zero temperatures. The exemplary electrolyte enables LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 ||graphite cells to deliver a capacity of ≈113 mAh g −1 (98 % full‐cell capacity) at 25 °C and to remain 82 % of their room‐temperature capacity at −20 °C without lithium plating at 1/3C. They also retain 84 % of their capacity at −30 °C and 78 % of their capacity at −40 °C and show stable cycling at 50 °C.
Tetradecanuclear Iron(III)-Oxo Nanoclusters Stabilized by Trilacunary Heteropolyanions (2015)

The tetrameric, multi-Fe(III)-containing polyoxotungstates [Fe14O6(OH)13(P2W15O56)4](31-) (1) and [Na2Fe14(OH)12(PO4)4(A-α-XW9O34)4](20-) (X = Si(IV) (2), Ge(IV) (3)) have been successfully synthesized under conventional reaction conditions in aqueous, slightly acidic (1), or basic (2 and 3) media. Polyanions 1-3 were characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic studies, and in solution by electrochemistry.
Visual exploratory analysis of DCE-MRI data in breast cancer based on novel nonlinear dimensional data reduction techniques (2009)

Visualization of multi-dimensional data sets becomes a critical and significant area in modern medical image processing. To analyze such high dimensional data, novel nonlinear embedding approaches become increasingly important to show dependencies among these data in a two- or three-dimensional space. This paper investigates the potential of novel nonlinear dimensional data reduction techniques and compares their results with proven nonlinear techniques when applied to the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions described by high-dimensional data sets arising from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Two important visualization modalities in medical imaging are presented: the mapping on a lower-dimensional data manifold and the image fusion.