gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of late-onset type 2 diabetes in a mouse model of human complex trait. (1999)

Type 2 diabetes is a complex trait with both genes and environmental factors contributing to susceptibility. Except for rare subtypes with monogenic inheritance, the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes is unknown because of the complex and heterogeneous nature of the disease. By using the NSY mouse, an inbred mouse model of type 2 diabetes, we genetically dissected late-onset type 2 diabetes and demonstrated age-dependent changes in the genetic control of type 2 diabetes as well as polygenic inheritance. Three major loci (Nidd1nsy, Nidd2nsy, Nidd3nsy) were mapped on mouse chromosomes (Chr) 11, 14, and 6, respectively. The existence of a fourth locus (Nidd4nsy) with an age-dependent effect was suggested by longitudinal, but not cross-sectional, analysis of linkage data. Nidd1nsy and Nidd4nsy appear to affect insulin secretion, whereas Nidd2nsy and Nidd3nsy appear to affect insulin sensitivity. A locus on Chr 6 was significantly linked to epididymal fat weight. A candidate disease gene (Tcf2) on Chr 11, encoding hepatic nuclear factor-1beta, was shown to have a rare sequence variant in the DNA binding domain in the model. The mouse model we used will serve as a useful model for future studies on the etiology of late-onset polygenic type 2 diabetes in humans.
Reinforcement learning for interference-aware cell DTX in heterogeneous networks (2018)

This paper focuses on Inter-Cell Interference Coordination for small cells implementing cell discontinuous transmission (DTX) to enhance the network energy efficiency. The small cell activity is dynamically orchestrated such that the inter-cell interference is limited, the power consumption of Radio Access Network and backhaul is jointly reduced, and the Quality of Service (QoS) constraints are satisfied. To achieve this goal, we develop a Reinforcement Learning framework that achieves network-wise optimization in stochastic environments. Our solution leads to notable energy saving with respect to the state of the art DTX approaches without affecting the QoS. Moreover, the user performance is close to the one experienced when a centralized scheduler is used to limit the inter-cell interference.
Resident Cellular Components of the Human Lung (2012)

The purpose of the workshop was to identify still obscure or novel cellular components of the lung, to determine cell function in lung development and in health that impacts on disease, and to decide promising avenues for future research to extract and phenotype these cells. Since robust technologies are now available to identify, sort, purify, culture, and phenotype cells, progress is now within sight to unravel the origins and functional capabilities of lung cells in developmental stages and in disease. The Workshop's agenda was to first discuss the lung's embryologic development, including progenitor and stem cells, and then assess the functional and structural cells in three main compartments of the lung: (1) airway cells in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium and bronchial glands (basal, secretory, ciliated, Clara, and neuroendocrine cells); (2) alveolar unit cells (Type 1 cells, Type 2 cells, and fibroblasts in the interstitium); and (3) pulmonary vascular cells (endothelial cells from different va...
Cover Feature: Defect Control in the Synthesis of 2 D MoS2 Nanosheets: Polysulfide Trapping in Composite Sulfur Cathodes for Li–S Batteries (ChemSusChem 6/2020) (2020)

The Cover Feature shows the synthesis and thorough characterization of hydrothermally prepared MoS2 nanosheets that vary in layer number, morphology, lateral size, and defect content. The materials were incorporated into composite sulfur-based cathodes and studied in Li–S batteries with environmentally benign ether-based electrolytes. Through directed synthesis of the MoS2 additive, the relationship between synthetically induced defects in 2 D MoS2 materials and resultant electrochemistry was elucidated. More information can be found in the Full Paper by A. Abraham et al. on page 1517 in Issue 6, 2020 (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903028).
Loss of soluble guanylyl cyclase in platelets contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation (2021)

Abstract Aim The role of platelets in atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood. Variants in genes encoding the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in platelets are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Here we sought to investigate the contribution of platelet sGC to atherosclerosis and the therapeutic potential of targeting sGC in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results We genetically deleted sGC in platelets of atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr -/- mice. By intravital fluorescence microscopy such Pf4- Cre + Gucy1b1 flox / flox Ldlr -/- mice displayed enhanced leukocyte adhesion to atherosclerotic plaques in comparison with their litter mates. Moreover, histological and flow cytometry analyses revealed more numerous inflammatory leukocytes and larger plaque sizes in aortic tissue of Ldlr -/- mice lacking sGC in platelets. In vitro , supernatant from activated platelets lacking sGC promoted leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (EC) via enhanced EC activation. Using cytokine profiling, we identified reduced angiopoietin-1 release by Pf4- Cre + Gucy1b1 flox / flox and human GUCY1A1 risk allele carrier platelets to be responsible for enhanced activation of EC and subsequent leukocyte adhesion. Pharmacological sGC stimulation increased platelet angiopoietin-1 release in vitro and reduced recruitment of adoptively transferred leukocytes in Ldlr -/- mice fed a Western diet. Pharmacological sGC stimulation further reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation. Conclusion Loss of sGC in platelets contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation via reduced release of the soluble factor angiopoietin-1 and, subsequently, enhanced leukocyte recruitment. Pharmacological sGC stimulation might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat CAD. Translational perspective Reduced platelet soluble guanylyl cyclase activity contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation. Stimulators of the soluble guanylyl cyclase, an emerging class of drugs already used in pulmonary hypertension and heart failure, are able to reduce atherosclerosis and inflammation in this preclinical model. Together with evidence from human genetics, our findings suggest a promising role of soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulation to prevent coronary artery disease.
Designing for Comfort: A Footwear Application (2001)

Custom products are becoming the trend, possibly, as a result of the vast number of selections available when buying products. It has become an impossible task to select the right product that will have the right appeal and the right fit even though fit itself is somewhat nebulous. So it appears that customized products may be able to furnish the necessary that one may require. But, how does a manufacturer make a product more comfortable not knowing the standards for comfort or even discomfort? In this paper, we present some directions based on sensation and pain to achieve the desirable fit between people's feet and footwear.
49-fs Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator with distributed Kerr-lens mode-locking (2015)

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All-digital sigma-delta RF modulator for software defined radio applications (2015)

This paper presents an implementation of an alldigital transmitter architecture for software defined radio (SDR) applications. This transmitter uses a first order, sigma-delta modulator for one-bit quantization and noise shaping. The binary signal is passed through high-speed multiplexing circuits for frequency upconvertion directly from base-band to the desired carrier frequency [1]. This digital implementation has interesting features such as reconfigurability as well as preserving a good signal quality, at an additional expense of the high speed components required to perform oversampling and multiplexing. The behavior of the all-digital transmitter is simulated and measured using a baseband signal having 1.94 MHz bandwidth up-converted to 2.5 GHz carrier frequency. The implementation steps are shown along with the obtained simulation and measurement results. The overall linearity performance are given in terms of gain response, signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) and the adjacent-channel-power ratio (ACPR).
Secured Medical Imaging Over the Internet (1998)

The Internet has established itself as an affordable, extremely viable and ubiquitous communications network that can be easily accessed from virtually any point in the world. This makes it ideally suited for medical image communications. Issues regarding security and confidentiality of information on the Internet, however, need to be addressed for both occasional, individual users and consistent enterprise-wide users. In addition, the limited bandwidth of most Internet connections must be factored into the development of a realistic usermodel and resulting protocol. Open architecture issues must also be considered so that images can be communicated to recipients who do not have similar programs. Further, application-specific software is required to integrate image acquisition, encryption and transmission into a single, streamlined process. Using Photomailer software provided by PhysiTel Inc., the authors investigated the use of sending secured still images over the Internet. The scope of their investigation covered the use of the Internet for communicating images for consultation, referral, mentoring and education. Photomailer software was used at several local and remote sites. The program was used for both sending and receiving images. It was also used for sending images to recipients who did not have Photomailer, but instead relied on conventional email programs. The results of the investigation demonstrated that using products such as Photomailer, images could be quickly and easily communicated from one location to another via the Internet. In addition, the investigators were able to retrieve images off of their existing email accounts, thereby providing greater flexibility and convenience than other systems which require scheduled transmission of information on dedicated systems. We conclude that Photomailer and similar products may provide a significant benefit and improve communications among colleagues, providing an inexpensive means of sending secured images on the Internet.
Dual and Single Memory Rod Construct Comparison in an Animal Study (2011)

Nitinol rods, reliable in creating spinal deformity in an animal model, could potentially straighten deformed spines. Square rods, facilitated by markedly reduced stiffness when cooled, have the potential to predictably perform axial plane correction.
Activities of LL-37, a Cathelin-Associated Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Neutrophils (1998)

Human neutrophils contain two structurally distinct types of antimicrobial peptides, beta-sheet defensins (HNP-1 to HNP-4) and the alpha-helical peptide LL-37. We used radial diffusion assays and an improved National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards-type broth microdilution assay to compare the antimicrobial properties of LL-37, HNP-1, and protegrin (PG-1). Although generally less potent than PG-1, LL-37 showed considerable activity (MIC, <10 microgram/ml) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, even in media that contained 100 mM NaCl. Certain organisms (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Candida albicans) were resistant to LL-37 in media that contained 100 mM NaCl but were susceptible in low-salt media. Burkholderia cepacia was resistant to LL-37, PG-1, and HNP-1 in low- or high-salt media. LL-37 caused outer and inner membrane permeabilization of E. coli ML-35p. Chromogenic Limulus assays revealed that LL-37 bound to E. coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with a high affinity and that this binding showed positive cooperativity (Hill coefficient = 2.02). Circular dichroism spectrometry disclosed that LL-37 underwent conformational change in the presence of lipid A, transitioning from a random coil to an alpha-helical structure. The broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties of LL-37, its presence in neutrophils, and its inducibility in keratinocytes all suggest that this peptide and its precursor (hCAP-18) may protect skin and other tissues from bacterial intrusions and LPS-induced toxicity. The potent activity of LL-37 against P. aeruginosa, including mucoid and antibiotic-resistant strains, suggests that it or related molecules might have utility as topical bronchopulmonary microbicides in cystic fibrosis.
Interleaved oxovanadium cations in the rancieite manganese oxide δ‐MnO2 (2001)

A mixed vanadium manganese oxide was synthesized through a chimie douce route. The synthesis proceeds via a cationic exchange reaction occurring between the layers of a synthetic rancieite, a lamellar manganic acid. The vanadium atoms were found to be at a distance from Mn close to the Mn–Zn distance in chalcophanite, a model for the phyllomanganates. XAS refinements did not reveal the presence of manganese atoms between the layers of either the protonic or Li-exchanged forms of the rancieite. Li insertion is largely impeded by the presence of dioxovanadium cations, which seem to be accommodated into one of the Li potential sites present in the Li-exchanged phase.
B0‐informed variable density trajectory design for enhanced correction of off‐resonance effects in parallel transmission (2013)

The proposed methods offer significant improvements of the excitation performance (homogeneity and acceleration), while significantly decreasing the RF power. Furthermore, single-channel transmit RF pulse performance can be similarly improved.
Location Isolability of Intake and Exhaust Manifold Leaks in a Turbocharged Diesel Engine With Exhaust Gas Recirculation (2014)

An investigation into the isolability of the location of intake and exhaust manifold leaks in heavy duty diesel engines is presented. In particular, established fault detection and isolation (FDI) methods are explored to assess their utility in successfully determining the location of a leak within the air path of an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and an asymmetric twin-scroll turbine. It is further shown how consideration of the system’s variation across multiple operating points can lead to improved ability to isolate the location of leaks in the intake and exhaust manifolds.
Paradoxic hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia associated with chronic renal failure in horses (1982)

Chronic renal failure associated with hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia was diagnosed in 6 horses. The renal lesions in 5 of the horses were classified as chronic glomerulonephritis and in the sixth, as chronic interstitial nephritis/pyelonephritis. There was no evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism or pseudohyperparathyroidism, thus suggesting that hypercalcemia associated with advanced renal failure in horses is related to a unique role of the equine kidney in calcium homeostasis.
Advanced silver metallization for ULSI applications (2002)

In an attempt to make Ag-metallization more compatible with current IC manufacturing, we have successfully dry-etched Ag in oxygen plasma. The metallisation system uses an Ag/Ti/SiO/sub 2/ stack structure.
Web Inspection Using Gradient-Indexed Optics (2005)

Photoelectric sensors, used to inspect product and packaging attributes, are ubiquitous in today's manufacturing processes. Most common are single-element sensors that detect the presence or absence of an attribute, product, or package as a binary ON/OFF signal. In the web-converting industry, more detailed information is often needed of the web than a single sensor can detect. In addition, single-element sensors are often not sufficient to reliably sense product attributes. A small amount of contamination can render single-element sensors dysfunctional. They are also hindered from being able to distinguish between components on products that respond similarly to the light source but may differ in geometric shape on the product. Machine vision systems can detect much more detail and have proven effective for many challenging applications. However, due to their complexity, they are generally specified only for the most challenging or most critical quality inspections. This paper will present a new hybrid approach to product attribute sensing employing desirable aspects of both single-element sensors and machine vision systems without many of the disadvantages of each. The hybrid sensor contains a linear array of pixel elements along with a gradient-indexed lens array. The linear array allows for greater sampling and geometric characterization in one dimension while the lens array allows for very close standoff distances from the web and a 1:1 correspondence of object to image. The presentation of this sensor technology includes a tutorial on the key technical properties of gradient-indexed optics and experimental results on a composite web running on a trial machine.
Titanium‐Mediated Oxidative Arylation of Homoallylic Alcohols (2011)

E-Substituted styrene derivatives are synthesized from terminal olefins and aryl Grignard reagents through TiIV-mediated oxidative coupling (see scheme). Substrates include homoallylic alcohols containing a range of functional groups and substituted aryl Grignard reagents. The reaction may proceed through aryltitanation followed by β-hydride elimination; reductive elimination of arene occurs from a TiIVH(aryl) intermediate. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Syntheses and Antitumor Targeting G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle of Benzoyldihydroisoquinolines and Related 1-Substituted Isoquinolines (2002)

A series of 1-substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines were synthesized and tested in vitro against the leukemia L 1210 cell line to evaluate their ability to perturb the cell cycle by arresting cells in the G1 phase. 1-Benzoylimines, 1-phenylimines, and 1-alkylimines were synthesized. The most powerful cytotoxic derivatives, 1-benzoyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (1-26), were obtained from amides I via 1-benzyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline in good yield by a direct selective oxidation of the benzylic carbon of the corresponding imines through 10% Pd/C in acetonitrile. SAR studies let us to identify the essential structural features for cytotoxic activity. The most bioactive compounds (with IC(50) < 5 microM) were BzDHIQ (13, 22, 21, 8, 9, 11, 1, 20, 6, and 19), and they are characterized by the following: (i) An alpha-ketoimine moiety is necessary for potent antiproliferative activity (1-phenyl- and 1-alkyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives, 34-40, are less active). (ii) An hydrophobic, benzyloxy, alkyloxy, or allyloxy group at the C-6 position seems to be relevant for cytotoxicity. (iii) Regarding the influence of the benzoylic moiety, both the unsubstituted (13, 8, 9, 11, 1, and 6) and the 3'-monosubstituted (22, 21, 20, and 19) compounds were more potent than compounds with other substitutions.
A cost-effective ultra-high throughput space-based optical link (2021)

High capacity throughputs are more and more requested by satellite owners, even before launching the first generation of optical constellations. MPB is developing a commercially-competitive photonics subsystem that increases the data throughput of a “free-space” optical link in a space environment. The objective is to build and demonstrate an optical subsystem suitable for deployment in space with a target capacity of ≥100Gbit/s having a scalable architecture optimized for cost per Gbit, while maintaining acceptable (e.g. 10-4) pre-FEC bit error ratio (BER), high reliability, design flexibility. The two most promising solutions for the 100Gbps links use either a suitably-adapted commercial 100 Gbps x 1ch transceiver (e.g. commercial Dual-Pol 28Gbaud, 4 bits/symbol) or wavelength-agile WDM 10 Gbps x 10ch, or similar system (e.g. 12.5 Gbps x 8ch). The subsystem is based on the selected optimal architecture, convenient for space environment, and potentially comprising one or more of the “throughput-enhancing” possible approaches; such as the Modulation bitrate, Wavelength multiplexing (WDM), and Spectral efficiency. A large number of the performance parameters are also involved in the evaluation of the optimal solution, including: OSNR, Power at Rx, Mass and Volume, Cost, Complexity of the Software and Hardware to develop, Reliability/Redundancy, Power-Consumption and wall-plug Efficiency (W/Gbps), Signal Modulation, BER, and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering. MPB plans to verify that the 100G commercial transceiver, a coherent module optimized for terrestrial use, is compatible with the harsh space environment. Moreover, its design needs to be modified (in collaboration with the manufacturer) in order to employ distinct Tx and Rx wavelengths. Although such an approach enables all data to be sent over a single wavelength, in the event of an e.g. Tx optical-amplifier failure all transmission capability would be lost. The coherent transceivers themselves are very complicated in design, but this development has already been carried out by the manufacturer for terrestrial applications. The WDM option 10 G x 10ch has a larger mass, volume, and power per Gbps, however, the technology is based on MPB-developed boosters for space applications and offers higher redundancy (i.e. if one optical Tx amp fails, the other nine channels can still transmit). This option adds more complexity and cost since it needs to develop more software and hardware items. This development is useful for the other amplifiers with similar requirements from space primes. In addition, we are including a detailed study and prototyping of a space-borne Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (ROADM), which would enable greatly enhanced dynamic bandwidth allocation. The two approaches (single-channel high BW vs multi-channel medium BW) have respective advantages and disadvantages.
Analysis and performance optimization of checkpointing schemes with task duplication (1996)

Abstract—In checkpointing schemes with task duplication, checkpointing serves two purposes: detecting faults by comparing the processors ’ states at checkpoints, and reducing fault recovery time by supplying a safe point to rollback to. In this paper, we show that, by tuning the checkpointing schemes to a given architecture, a significant reduction in the execution time can be achieved. The main idea is to use two types of checkpoints: compare-checkpoints (comparing the states of the redundant processes to detect faults) and storecheckpoints (storing the states to reduce recovery time). With two types of checkpoints, we can use both the comparison and storage operations in an efficient way and improve the performance of checkpointing schemes. Results we obtained show that, in some cases, using compare and store checkpoints can reduce the overhead of DMR checkpointing schemes by as much as 30 percent. Index Terms—Fault-tolerant computing, checkpointing, task duplication, parallel computing, performance optimization. 1