gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmented sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)‐b‐polyimide copolymers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. I. Copolymer synthesis and fundamental properties (2007)

Abstract Segmented disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)‐ b ‐polyimide copolymers based on hydrophilic and hydrophobic oligomers were synthesized and evaluated for use as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Amine terminated sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) hydrophilic oligomers and anhydride terminated naphthalene based polyimide hydrophobic oligomers were synthesized via step growth polymerization including high temperature one‐pot imidization. Synthesis of the multiblock copolymers was achieved by an imidization coupling reaction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic oligomers oligomers in a m ‐cresol/NMP mixed solvent system, producing high molecular weight tough and ductile membranes. Proton conductivities and water uptake increased with increasing ion exchange capacities (IECs) of the copolymers as expected. The morphologies of the multiblock copolymers were investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM‐AFM) and their measurements revealed that the multiblock copolymers had well‐defined nano‐phase separated morphologies which were clearly a function of block lengths. Hydrolytic stability test at 80 °C water for 1000 h showed that multiblock copolymer membranes retained intrinsic viscosities of about 80% of the original values and maintained flexibility which was much improved over polyimide random copolymers. The synthesis and fundamental properties of the multiblock copolymers are reported here and the systematic fuel cell properties will be provided in a separate article. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4879–4890, 2007
Role of Advanced Glycation End Products on Aortic Calcification in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2020)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This was a prospective cross-sectional study. One-hundred and four consecutive patients with DM2 were given lateral lumbar X-rays in order to quantify abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). Circulating levels of AGEs and classical cardiovascular risk factors were determined. Clinical history was also registered. Patients with higher AGEs values had higher grades of aortic calcification and higher numbers of diabetic-related complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being older, male and having high levels of AGEs and triglycerides were the independent risk factors associated to moderate-severe AAC when compared to no-mild AAC. Our results suggest that AGEs plays a role in the pathogenesis of aortic calcifications. In addition, the measurement of AGEs levels may be useful for assessing the severity of AAC in the setting of diabetic complications.
Bioprocess performance analysis of novel methanol-independent promoters for recombinant protein production with Pichia pastoris (2021)

As an outcome of the macrokinetic characterization presented, the novel P<sub>PDF</sub> and P<sub>UPP</sub> were observed to offer much higher efficiency for CalB production than the widely used P<sub>GAP</sub>-based methanol-free alternative. Thus, both systems arise as highly productive alternatives for P. pastoris-based RPP bioprocesses. Furthermore, the different expression regulation patterns observed indicate the level of gene expression can be adjusted, or tuned, which is interesting when using Pichia pastoris as a cell factory for different products of interest.
Process intensification using immobilized enzymes (2023)

Abstract The application potential of enzymes is undoubtedly very high. However, despite the very large number of different enzymes and enzyme activities, the number of industrial enzyme processes is comparatively small. The particular challenge often lies in transferring promising laboratory processes to an industrial scale. Here, the required performance parameters, such as enzyme stability or productivity, must be achieved. On the one hand, this can be achieved by improving the enzymes. On the other hand, the key performance indicators can often only be achieved by using technical systems in the sense of process intensification. In enzymatic processes, immobilization of enzymes is often the means of choice to enable technical processes. The aim of this article is to outline the most important enzyme immobilization methods and to summarize the most important performance indicators of immobilized enzymes. Finally, the different immobilization methods and performance indicators are compared in a case study with unspecific peroxygenase.
Co-targeting intracellular pH and essential amino acid uptake cooperates to induce cell death of T-ALL/LL cells (2017)

Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to optimize their growth and proliferation in the host microenvironment. For this purpose, they enhance the uptake of extracellular nutrients and deal with the metabolic waste products through the overexpression of numerous membrane proteins including amino-acid transporters (LAT1) and acid-base regulating enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Here we describe the anti-tumoral effects of a new class of CAXII inhibitors, the glycosyl coumarins on T-ALL/LL cells. These effects appeared to be mediated through inhibition of mTOR/Akt pathway and c-myc downregulation. Interestingly, we show that the combined targeting of amino acid fluxes and pH regulators provides a promising therapeutic strategy in the future of T-ALL/LL management.
Introducing the Inaugural ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Lectureship Awards (2016)

status: Published
Control of Plasma Uniformity Using Phase Difference in a VHF Plasma Process Chamber (2008)

Very high frequency (VHF) capacitively coupled plasma sources are widely used for semiconductor manufacturing processes. Uniform plasma can be difficult to achieve at VHF for different load conditions (pressure, power, gas mixture electronegativity, etc.). This paper discusses how voltage phase difference between top and bottom electrodes can be used to control plasma uniformity above the wafer.
One-dimensional Photonic Crystal and Photoconductive PbTe Film for Low Cost Resonant-cavity-enhanced Mid-infrared Photodetector (2008)

We demonstrate and characterize both one-dimensional photonic crystal monolithically integrated on a Si platform, and thermally evaporated PbTe film with room temperature photoconductivity, which are key components for low cost resonant-cavity-enhanced mid-infrared photodetectors.
El sueño de los ornitólogos hecho realidad (2013)

These results collectively indicate that the TRPM4 channel is activated by a physiological range of Ca2+ concentrations and its excessive activity can cause arrhythmic changes. Moreover, these results demonstrate potential utility of the first AP models incorporating TRPM4 gating for in silico assessment of arrhythmogenicity in remodelling cardiac tissue.
Enhanced Performance and Thermal Stability of a-Si:H TFTs (2010)

We report the effect of anneal time on the performance and elevated temperature stability of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film-transistors (TFTs). The sub-threshold swing and off-current are reduced by a factor of 2.5 and by almost two orders of magnitude for 48 h annealed TFTs, respectively when compared to unannealed TFTs. Furthermore, long annealed TFTs show significant elevated temperature stability when compared to the unannealed TFTs. The sub-threshold swing, hysteresis, electron mobility, and off-current are stable even at elevated temperatures. For all the TFTs at positive gate bias threshold voltage shift (Vt) follow a power law-dependence with time indicating state-creation mechanism. Life-time values for the 48 h annealed TFT shows improvement by a factor of 3 when compared to unannealed TFTs (when Vt is extrapolated to 10 V). The stability at elevated temperatures and better performance of long annealed TFTs is attributed to improved a-Si:H channel and/or the a-Si:H/insulator interface.
Supplementary Table 2 from A Diverse Array of Cancer-Associated <i>MTOR</i> Mutations Are Hyperactivating and Can Predict Rapamycin Sensitivity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file 31K, All MTOR mutations from a literature search and the cBIO, COSMIC, and ICGC databases are listed&lt;/p&gt;
Increased in vivo levels of neurotransmitters to trigeminal motoneurons: Effects on craniofacial bone and TMJ (2000)

The results of chronic, in vivo delivery of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter substances upon the craniofacial skeleton are of ongoing interest to clinician and basic scientist alike. Our purpose was to document and compare the effects of biodegradable glycine, glutamate, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) microspheres upon the craniofacial skeleton and TMJ of actively growing rats. Glycine, glutamate, TRH, and blank microspheres were stereotactically implanted in proximity to motoneurons within the trigeminal motor nucleus in order to test the following null hypotheses: (1) neurotransmitter microspheres implanted near trigeminal motoneurons of growing rats have no significant effect on the craniofacial skeleton and temporomandibular joints of implanted animals, and (2) there are no significant differences between the relative effects of glutamate, TRH (excitatory to trigeminal motoneurons), and glycine (inhibitory to trigeminal motoneurons) implants upon the craniofacial skeleton and temporomandibular joint. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent stereotactic neurosurgery at 35 days; five rats each were killed at 14 and 21 days postoperative for data collection and comparison between glycine-, glutamate-, TRH-, blank-microsphere, and sham-surgery rats. Glycine rats had significantly (P ≤ 0.05, 0.01) smaller implant-side cranial dimensions and mandibular condyles, all glycine rats showed increased gracility of implant-side bones, and deviation of their facial skeleton away from the implant-side; this was in contrast to the generally larger implant-side bony structures in both glutamate and TRH rats. The two null hypotheses were both rejected. Due to their inhibitory and excitatory effects upon trigeminal motoneurons, masticatory muscles, and their neuromuscular generation of biomechanical forces that affect bone, the neurotransmitter substances glycine, glutamate, and TRH appear to play an important role in the growth and development of the mammalian craniofacial skeleton and TMJ. Anat Rec 258:369–383, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multifunctional Electroactive Nanocomposites Based on Piezoelectric Boron Nitride Nanotubes (2015)

Space exploration missions require sensors and devices capable of stable operation in harsh environments such as those that include high thermal fluctuation, atomic oxygen, and high-energy ionizing radiation. However, conventional or state-of-the-art electroactive materials like lead zirconate titanate, poly(vinylidene fluoride), and carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped polyimides have limitations on use in those extreme applications. Theoretical studies have shown that boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have strength-to-weight ratios comparable to those of CNTs, excellent high-temperature stability (to 800 °C in air), large electroactive characteristics, and excellent neutron radiation shielding capability. In this study, we demonstrated the experimental electroactive characteristics of BNNTs in novel multifunctional electroactive nanocomposites. Upon application of an external electric field, the 2 wt % BNNT/polyimide composite was found to exhibit electroactive strain composed of a superposition of linear piezoelectric and nonlinear electrostrictive components. When the BNNTs were aligned by stretching the 2 wt % BNNT/polyimide composite, electroactive characteristics increased by about 460% compared to the nonstretched sample. An all-nanotube actuator consisting of a BNNT buckypaper layer between two single-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper electrode layers was found to have much larger electroactive properties. The additional neutron radiation shielding properties and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared optical properties of the BNNT composites make them excellent candidates for use in the extreme environments of space missions.
Hemisynthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cinnamylated, Benzylated, and Prenylated Dihydrochalcones from a Common Bio-Sourced Precursor (2021)

Several families of naturally occurring <i>C</i>-alkylated dihydrochalcones display a broad range of biological activities, including antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, depending on their alkylation sidechain. The catalytic Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the readily available aglycon moiety of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone was performed using cinnamyl, benzyl, and isoprenyl alcohols. This procedure provided a straightforward access to a series of derivatives that were structurally related to natural balsacones, uvaretin, and erioschalcones, respectively. The antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of these novel analogs was evaluated in vitro and highlighted some relations between the structure and the pharmacological properties of alkylated dihydrochalcones.
E-217 Angled tip reperfusion catheters are associated with quicker access to final recanalization and reduced utilization of stent retrievers and secondary catheter usage in patients with emergent large vessel occlusion, which may reduce procedure cost (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Prior data have suggested that the use of angled tip aspiration catheters may improve technical success in emergent large vessel occlusion thrombectomy. We evaluated the technical success and use of adjunctive technology in a single-institution retrospective study. <h3>Methods</h3> The study cohort included patients treated by four neurointerventionalists with an aspiration first approach from August 2020 to February 2022 for ICA, M1, and M2 occlusions. Patients were allocated into two groups: 1. consecutive patients in whom angled tip catheters (Zoom catheters, Imperative Care, Campbell, California) was the first line thrombectomy treatment (n=60), and 2. randomly selected patients treated over the same time period with matching disease-related characteristics in whom more conventional flat tip catheters were used to attempt reperfusion (n=32, control group). The rate of excellent reperfusion (TICI 2C or better), stent retriever use, additional aspiration catheters utilization, access to final recanalization time, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were evaluated. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) and percentage (counts). The unpaired t-test and Fisher’s exact test were used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means and proportions of the two groups, respectively. <i>P</i> value &lt;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant for both tests. <h3>Results</h3> Baseline and disease-related characteristics were comparable between the groups. (Table 1). In the angled tip group, TICI 2C or better final reperfusion was achieved in 76.7% (46/60) of patients vs. 68.8% (22/32) in the control group, p= 0.460. The use of stent retriever was lower in the angled tip group vs. control group (3.3%, 2/60 vs. 15.6%, 5/32 respectively, p=0.047). A second catheter was used for aspiration in 10% (6/60) of cases in the angle tip group vs. 43.8% (14/32) of cases in the control group, p&lt;0.001. Access to final recanalization time was quicker with angled tip catheters [24.2 (15.6) minutes vs. 32.7 (18.9) p=0.023]. The rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was similar in both groups; 1.6% (1/60) in the angled tip group vs. 3.1% (1/32) in the control group, p&gt;0.999. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The use of angled tip aspiration catheters for thrombectomy was associated with quicker time to final recanalization, lower use of stent retrievers, and lower use of additional catheter aspiration, with no increase in rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. This finding likely translates to a reduced thrombectomy procedure cost. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>J. Milburn:</b> 2; C; Microvention, Imperative Care. 4; C; Optimize Neurovascular. <b>P. Gulotta:</b> None. <b>V. Fennell:</b> None. <b>M. Poongkunran:</b> None. <b>S. Milburn:</b> None. <b>G. Vidal:</b> None.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 increases perikaryal neurofilament phosphorylation and inhibits neurofilament axonal transport in response to oxidative stress (2004)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) phosphorylates the high molecular weight neurofilament (NF) protein. Overexpression of cdk5 inhibits NF axonal transport and induces perikaryal accumulation of disordered phospho-NF cables. Experimental and clinical motor neuron disease is characterized by oxidative stress, increased cdk5 activity, and accumulation of phospho-NFs within perikarya or proximal axons. Because oxidative stress increases cdk5 activity in experimental motor neuron disease, we examined whether oxidative stress induced cdk5-mediated NF phosphorylation. Treatment of cultured neuronal cells with hydrogen peroxide inhibited axonal transport of green fluorescent protein-tagged NF subunits and induced perikaryal accumulation of NF phosphoepitopes normally confined to axons. These effects were prevented by treatment with the cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine or transfection with a construct expressing the endogenous cdk5 inhibitor peptide. These findings indicate that oxidative stress can compromise NF dynamics via hyperactivation of cdk5 and suggest that antioxidants may alleviate multiple aspects of neuropathology in motor neuron disease.
Scalable Bayesian Meta-Learning through Generalized Implicit Gradients (2023)

Meta-learning owns unique effectiveness and swiftness in tackling emerging tasks with limited data. Its broad applicability is revealed by viewing it as a bi-level optimization problem. The resultant algorithmic viewpoint however, faces scalability issues when the inner-level optimization relies on gradient-based iterations. Implicit differentiation has been considered to alleviate this challenge, but it is restricted to an isotropic Gaussian prior, and only favors deterministic meta-learning approaches. This work markedly mitigates the scalability bottleneck by cross-fertilizing the benefits of implicit differentiation to probabilistic Bayesian meta-learning. The novel implicit Bayesian meta-learning (iBaML) method not only broadens the scope of learnable priors, but also quantifies the associated uncertainty. Furthermore, the ultimate complexity is well controlled regardless of the inner-level optimization trajectory. Analytical error bounds are established to demonstrate the precision and efficiency of the generalized implicit gradient over the explicit one. Extensive numerical tests are also carried out to empirically validate the performance of the proposed method.
Isomaltitol Exacerbates Neutrophilia but Reduces Eosinophilia: New Insights into the Sephadex Model of Lung Inflammation (2010)

Our results show that isomaltitol can modulate the inflammatory response induced by Sephadex instillation in addition to having proinflammatory effects on its own, and may therefore provide new insights into the mechanisms of this widely used animal model. Sugar alcohols similar to isomaltitol have already been used to aid mucus clearance in cystic fibrosis patients, and it is possible that isomaltitol could also be used for this purpose.
High-efficiency blue and green laser diodes for laser displays (2019)

We present latest development results of GaN based high power blue and green Laser Diodes (LDs). The epitaxial structures of LDs including n-type, active and p-type layers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on C-plane free-standing GaN substrates. And a ridge type structure and Electrodes of the n-type and p-type were formed. Front and rear mirror facets were obtained by cleavage at the m-plane surface. We optimized the epitaxial and the device structures for high efficiency, high optical output power and reliability. Every LD chip was mounted on a heat sink using a junction down method in a TO-&Phi;9 mm package for suppressing thermal resistance. A New developed blue LD showed the optical output power and the voltage of 5.25 W and 4.03 V at the forward current of 3 A under Continuous Wave (CW) operation. The wall plug efficiency of the blue LD was 43.4% at 3A. And pure green LDs at 532 nm showed the optical output power of 1.19 W and the wall plug efficiency of 17.1 % at the forward current of 1.6A. Furthermore, 543 nm green LDs were fabricated on C-plane GaN substrates.
Human Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells: From In Situ Visualization to High-Dimensional Analyses (2019)

The interaction between tumor cells and the immune system is considered to be a dynamic process. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity owing to their outstanding T cell activation ability. Their functions and activities are broad ranged, triggering different mechanisms and responses to the DC subset. Several studies identified in situ human tumor-infiltrating DCs by immunostaining using a limited number of markers. However, considering the heterogeneity of DC subsets, the identification of each subtype present in the immune infiltrate is essential. To achieve this, studies initially relied on flow cytometry analyses to provide a precise characterization of tumor-associated DC subsets based on a combination of multiple markers. The concomitant development of advanced technologies, such as mass cytometry or complete transcriptome sequencing of a cell population or at a single cell level, has provided further details on previously identified populations, has unveiled previously unknown populations, and has finally led to the standardization of the DCs classification across tissues and species. Here, we review the evolution of tumor-associated DC description, from in situ visualization to their characterization with high-dimensional technologies, and the clinical use of these findings specifically focusing on the prognostic impact of DCs in cancers.
Detection of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) via Acoustic Analysis (2018)

ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure. Experts typically measure disease progression via the ALSFRS-R score, which includes measurements of various abilities known to decline. We propose instead the use of speech analysis as a proxy for ALS progression. This technique enables 1) frequent non-invasive, inexpensive, longitudinal analysis, 2) analysis of data recorded in the wild, and 3) creation of an extensive ALS databank for future analysis. Patients and trained medical professionals need not be co-located, enabling more frequent monitoring of more patients from the convenience of their own homes. The goals of this study are the identification of acoustic speech features in naturalistic contexts which characterize disease progression and development of machine models which can recognize the presence and severity of the disease. We evaluated subjects from the Prize4Life Israel dataset, using a variety of frequency, spectral, and voice quality features. The dataset was generated using the ALS Mobile Analyzer, a cell- phone app that collects data regarding disease progress using a self-reported ALSFRS-R questionnaire and several active tasks that measure speech and motor skills. Classification via leave- five-subjects-out cross-validation resulted in an accuracy rate of 79% (61% chance) for males and 83% (52% chance) for females.