gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Physical Activity Patterns and Age on Acute Mountain Sickness Incidence during Mt. Kilimanjaro Trek (2017)

PURPOSE: Physical activity is often noted as a risk factor for the development of AMS. We sought to explore the interaction between age and physical activity patterns on the development of AMS in a group of 27 individuals during a gradual ascent of Mt. Kilimanjaro (19,341 ft). METHODS: 27 adults (44±15 yrs; 24.45±3.90 BMI; n=11/27 Female) climbed over an 11-day period. Use of acetazolamide and NSAIDs were minimized but remained optionally taken as necessary during the ascent. Physical activity was monitored using BodyMedia activity monitors; heart rate and oxygen saturation were monitored with Biovotion devices; AMS incidence was classified from the Lake Louise Questionnaire; and total symptoms were scored from the questionnaire’s original five symptoms plus an additional five symptoms. Groups were divided based on age (group 1: 28±2 yrs, 2: 44±8 yrs, and 3: 58±10 yrs). Comparisons were made using ANOVA and independent T-tests, and post hoc analyses were made using Tukey’s method. RESULTS: Throughout the trek, 59% (n=16/27) of subjects displayed AMS at least for one day during the climb. Average total symptom scores were 4.2±2.9, 2.2±1.9, 3.3±1.5 for group 1 vs. 2 vs. 3 respectively. Focusing on the summit push (day 10), AMS incidence was highest in group 1 (87.5%; n=7/8) compared to group 2 (33%; n=3/9) and group 3 (25%; n=2/8) with an ANOVA statistical significance of p<0.05. Moreover, percentage of climb spent in moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA), hiking speed (KPH), and steps taken per minute were highest for group 1 (MVPA: 65%±14% vs. 54%±19% vs. 52%±14%; KPH: 1±0.1 vs. 0.91±0.09 vs. 0.85±0.06; Steps/min: 23±5 vs. 22±5 vs. 14±2; ANOVA p<0.05 for KPH, steps/min). Average heart rate and SpO2 was higher for group 1 during the climb to summit (HR: 109±13 bpm vs. 88±14 bpm vs. 87±8 bpm; SPO2: 85.5±5.5% vs. 83.2±9.4% vs. 81.9±8.0%; p<0.05 for HR). Post hoc analyses depicted a significant difference between group 1 and group 3 in AMS incidence, KPH and steps/min, and a significant difference in HR between group 1 and the rest. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the youngest group averaged a higher total symptom score throughout the trek, and exerted greater physical intensity, hiking speed, and activity on summit day. It was found that AMS was more common in young adults, which may be due to being more active and adventurous than older individuals.
Evaluation of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of RO7049389 in healthy Chinese volunteers (2021)

The objectives of this phase I study are to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of RO7049389 in healthy Chinese volunteers (HVs) and evaluate potential ethnic differences in the safety and PKs using data from this study and the first-in-human study (in which most of the HVs were non-Asian). HVs randomly received a single dose of 200-600 mg of RO7049389 or a placebo in a single ascending dose (n = 28) or multiple doses of 200-400 mg of RO7049389 or a placebo in multiple ascending doses (n = 24). Safety and tolerability were monitored throughout the study. Serial blood samples were collected for PK analysis. RO7049389 was safe and well-tolerated in the HVs. The time to maximum concentration ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 h, and terminal half-life ranged from 3.66 to 14.6 h. A single dose of 200-600 mg and multiple doses of 200-400 mg exhibited nonlinear PKs. In general, the safety profiles were comparable between non-Asian and Asian HVs, but the plasma exposure of RO7049389 in Chinese HVs was higher than that in non-Asian HVs. The data generated from this study will provide guidance for future clinical studies on RO7049389 in Chinese/Asian patients with hepatitis B virus.
Quantitative Analysis of Repair Tissue Biopsies Following Chondrocyte Implantation (2003)

Outcome measures for cartilage repair techniques include clinical assessment of functional status, magnetic resonance imaging, mechanical indentation in situ and second-look biopsies, which are used for detailed ex vivo histological and immunohistochemical assessment. Biopsy analysis is considered an important outcome measure, despite being highly invasive, since it provides a visual record of the spatial organization of matrix proteins and cells. We propose that the value of second-look biopsies would be significantly enhanced if accurate quantification of cartilage matrix molecules could also be obtained. The goal of our work has been to develop a combined method for histological and biochemical analysis of a single biopsy. We have developed a method of cutting frozen sections of cartilage and recovering the uncut tissue for subsequent biochemical analysis. We have also developed a range of miniaturized assays that can be performed after cartilage digestion with trypsin. In this way we are now able to analyse biopsies with a wet weight as low as 5 mg using both histological and biochemical methods, so obtaining the maximum amount of information from the minimum volume of tissue. This new approach will allow a more accurate assessment of the quality of cartilage repair tissue than histological analysis alone.
libCudaOptimize (2012)

Evolutionary Computation techniques and other metaheuristics have been increasingly used in the last years for solving many real-world tasks that can be formulated as optimization problems. Among their numerous strengths, a major one is their natural predisposition to parallelization. In this paper, we introduce libCudaOptimize, an open source library which implements some metaheuristics for continuous optimization: presently Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, Scatter Search, and Solis&Wets local search. This library allows users either to apply these metaheuristics directly to their own fitness function or to extend it by implementing their own parallel optimization techniques. The library is written in CUDA-C to make extensive use of parallelization, as allowed by Graphics Processing Units.
Optimal and Near-Optimal Spectrum Sensing of OFDM Signals in Known and Unknown Noise (2009)

We consider spectrum sensing of OFDM signals. The main concerns are the two cases of completely known, or completely unknown, noise power and signal power. For the case of completely known noise po ...
Aqueous Extract of <i>Oldenlandia diffusa</i> Suppresses LPS-Induced iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells via the NF-κB Activity (2011)

Purpose: To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of aqueous extract of Oldenlandia diffusa (AEOD) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.Methods: We evaluated the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&alpha; using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Expressions of I&kappa;B&alpha;, phospho-I&kappa;B&alpha; and p65 were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed using Griess reaction. The release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&alpha; was determined using sandwich ELISA.Results: AEOD significantly suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without direct cytotoxicity. AEOD decreased the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and TNF-&alpha; in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-&alpha; were attenuated by treatment with AEOD. These data imply that AEOD tightly regulates the expression of these inflammatory mediators at the transcriptional level. Therefore, we determined the effects of AEOD on nuclear factor-&kappa;B (NF-&kappa;B) activity, which has been considered to be a potential transcriptional factor for regulating the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-&alpha;. As expected, AEOD suppressed the LPS-induced degradation and phosphorylation of I&kappa;B&alpha; and sustained the expression of p65 in the cytosol. Furthermore, AEOD substantially inhibited the LPS-induced DNA binding activity of NF-&kappa;B. These data show that AEOD may control NO, PGE2 and TNF-&alpha; production via the suppression of NF-&kappa;B activity.Conclusion: Our results suggest that AEOD has a high potential activity for regulating LPS-induced inflammation.Keywords: Oldenlandia diffusa, NO, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-&alpha;, NF-&kappa;B
Supplementary Figure 4 from Single-Chain Antibody-Based Immunotoxins Targeting Her2/neu: Design Optimization and Impact of Affinity on Antitumor Efficacy and Off-Target Toxicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2744KB, Ex vivo optical imaging of tumor and other organs after 24 and 72h postinjection of IRDye800-MH3-B1/rGel or IRDye800-B1D3/rGel using the Xenogen IVIS imaging system.&lt;/p&gt;
Multi-Object Geodesic Active Contours (MOGAC) (2012)

An emerging topic is to build image segmentation systems that can segment hundreds to thousands of objects (i.e. cell segmentation\tracking, full brain parcellation, full body segmentation, etc.). Multi-object Level Set Methods (MLSM) perform this task with the benefit of sub-pixel precision. However, current implementations of MLSM are not as computationally or memory efficient as their region growing and graph cut counterparts which lack sub-pixel precision. To address this performance gap, we present a novel parallel implementation of MLSM that leverages the sparse properties of the algorithm to minimize its memory footprint for multiple objects. The new method, Multi-Object Geodesic Active Contours (MOGAC), can represent N objects with just two functions: a label mask image and unsigned distance field. The time complexity of the algorithm is shown to be O((M (power)d)/P) for M (power)d pixels and P processing units in dimension d = {2,3}, independent of the number of objects. Results are presented for 2D and 3D image segmentation problems.
Metrology to Quantify Wear and Creep of Polyethylene Tibial Knee Inserts (2003)

Assessment of damage on articular surfaces of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene tibial knee inserts primarily has been limited to qualitative methods, such as visual observation and classification of features such as pitting, delamination, and subsurface cracking. Semiquantitative methods also have been proposed to determine the linear penetration and volume of the scar that forms on articular surfaces of tibial knee inserts. The current authors report a new metrologic method that uses a coordinate measuring machine to quantify the dimensions of this scar. The articular surface of the insert is digitized with the coordinate measuring machine before and after regular intervals of testing on a knee simulator. The volume and linear penetration of the scar are calculated by mathematically taking the difference between the digitized surface maps of the worn and unworn articular surfaces. Three conventional polyethylene tibial knee inserts of a posterior cruciate-sparing design were subjected to five million cycles of normal gait on a displacement-driven knee wear simulator in bovine serum. A metrologic method was used to calculate creep and wear contributions to the scar formation on each tibial plateau. Weight loss of the inserts was determined gravimetrically with the appropriate correction for fluid absorption. The total average wear volume was 43 +/- 9 and 41 +/- 4 mm3 measured by the metrologic and gravimetric methods, respectively. The wear rate averaged 8.3 +/- 0.9 and 8.5 +/- 1.6 mm3 per million cycles measured by the metrologic and gravimetric methods, respectively. These comparisons reflected strong agreement between the metrologic and gravimetric methods.
Spread spectrum communication system with chaotic frequency modulation (2005)

A new spread spectrum communication system utilizing chaotic frequency modulation of sinusoidal signals is discussed. A single phase lock loop (PLL) system in the receiver is used both to synchronize the local chaotic oscillator and to recover the information signal. We study the dynamics of the synchronization process, stability of the PLL system, and evaluate the bit-error-rate performance of this chaos-based communication system.
The Vehicle Routing Problem with Floating Targets: Formulation and Solution Approaches (2018)

This paper addresses a generalization of the vehicle routing problem in which the pick-up locations of the targets are nonstationary. We refer to this problem as the vehicle routing problem with floating targets and the main characteristic is that targets are allowed to move from their initial home locations while waiting for a vehicle. This problem models new applications in drone routing, ridesharing, and logistics where a vehicle agrees to meet another vehicle or a customer at a location that is away from the designated home location. We propose a Mixed Integer Second Order Cone Program (MISOCP) formulation for the problem, along with valid inequalities for strengthening the continuous relaxation. We further exploit the problem structure using a Lagrangian decomposition and propose an exact branch-and-price algorithm. Computational results on instances with varying characteristics are presented and the results are compared to the solution of the full problem using CPLEX. The proposed valid inequalities reduce the computational time of CPLEX by up to 30% on average while the proposed branch and price is capable of solving instances where CPLEX fails in finding the optimal solution within the imposed time limit.
Fault activation during hydraulic fracturing (2009)

Microseismic imaging was used to image hydraulic fracturing during a gas well stimulation. Some time after the end of the injection, there was an increase in the seismic deformation rate. Investigation of the frequency‐magnitude characteristics during the pumping were consistent with other hydraulic fracture results, although the activity recorded after the end of pumping was more consistent with observations of natural seismic deformation along faults. The ratio of p‐ to s‐wave amplitudes also varied for events recorded during the pumping compared to those occurring after the end of pumping, suggesting a different failure mechanism. In this example, it appears that the hydraulic fracture induced movement on a nearby fault.
The Steady-State Modeling and Analysis of a Two-Loop Cooling System for High Heat Flux Removal (2009)

Steady-state modeling and analysis of a two-loop cooling system for high heat flux removal applications are studied. The system structure proposed consists of a primary pumped loop and a vapor compression cycle (VCC) as the secondary loop to which the pumped loop rejects heat. The pumped loop consists of evaporator, condenser, pump, and bladder liquid accumulator. The pumped loop evaporator has direct contact with the heat generating device and CHF must be higher than the imposed heat fluxes to prevent device burnout. The bladder liquid accumulator adjusts the pumped loop pressure level and, hence, the subcooling of the refrigerant to avoid pump cavitation and to achieve high critical heat flux (CHF) in the pumped loop evaporator. The vapor compression cycle of the two-loop cooling system consists of evaporator, liquid accumulator, compressor, condenser and electronic expansion valve. It is coupled with the pumped loop through a fluid-to-fluid heat exchanger that serves as both the vapor compression cycle evaporator and the pumped loop condenser. The liquid accumulator of the vapor compression cycle regulates the cycle active refrigerant charge and provides saturated vapor to the compressor at steady state. The heat exchangers are modeled with the mass, momentum, and energy balance equations. Due to the projected incorporation of microchannels in the pumped loop to enhance the heat transfer in heat sinks, the momentum equation, rarely seen in previous refrigeration system modeling efforts, is included to capture the expected significant microchannel pressure drop witnessed in previous experimental investigations. Electronic expansion valve, compressor, pump, and liquid accumulators are modeled as static components due to their much faster dynamics compared with heat exchangers. The steady-state model can be used for static system design that includes determining the total refrigerant charge in the vapor compression cycle and the pumped loop to accommodate the varying heat load, sizing of various components, and parametric studies to optimize the operating conditions for a given heat load. The effect of pumped loop pressure level, heat exchangers geometries, pumped loop refrigerant selection, and placement of the pump (upstream or downstream of the evaporator) are studied. The two-loop cooling system structure shows both improved coefficient of performance (COP) and CHF overthe single loop vapor compression cycle investigated earlier by authors for high heat flux removal.
Queuing Delays in Randomized Load Balanced Networks (2007)

Valiant's concept of randomized load balancing (RLB), also promoted under the name 'two-phase routing', has previously been shown to provide a cost-effective way of implementing overlay networks that are robust to dynamically changing demand patterns. RLB is accomplished in two steps; in the first step, traffic is randomly distributed across the network, and in the second step traffic is routed to the final destination. One of the benefits of RLB is that packets experience only a single stage of routing, thus reducing queueing delays associated with multi-hop architectures. In this paper, we study the queuing performance of RLB, both through analytical methods and packet-level simulations using ns2 on three representative carrier networks. We show that purely random traffic splitting in the randomization step of RLB leads to higher queuing delays than pseudo-random splitting using, e.g., a round-robin schedule. Furthermore, we show that, for pseudo-random scheduling, queuing delays depend significantly on the degree of uniformity of the offered demand patterns, with uniform demand matrices representing a provably worst-case scenario. These results are independent of whether RLB employs priority mechanisms between traffic from step one over step two. A comparison with multi-hop shortest-path routing reveals that RLB eliminates the occurrence of demand-specific hot spots in the network.
Iron Parameters in 84 MDS Patients Enrolled in a Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) Multicenter Trial. (2006)

Abstract Introduction: Recent reviews indicate that transfusional hemosiderosis may be associated with an increased risk of mortality in lower-risk pts with MDS. This trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and long-term safety of deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) in MDS. Deferasirox is an oral iron chelator approved for use in pts with transfusional iron overload. Methods: This is a Phase II, open-label, 3-yr clinical trial in 55 US centers, enrolling 150 pts (aged ≥18 years) with Low- or Int-1-risk MDS (by IPSS criteria) and transfusional iron overload (serum ferritin ≥1000 ng/mL and &amp;gt;20 units RBC transfusions). Deferasirox dosing is 20–30 mg/kg/day. Serum ferritin, iron, transferrin and transferrin saturation are being assessed at screening and monthly in yr 1, then quarterly in yrs 2 and 3, while labile plasma iron (LPI) is assessed quarterly in yr 1. In addition, creatinine, calculated creatinine clearance, echocardiograms and endocrine and hematological status are being assessed. This report describes baseline data in these pts. Results: As of June 2006, 84 pts have enrolled. Demographic data are available from 79 pts: median age 71 years (range 47–87); sex (52 male, 27 female); ethnicity (74 Caucasian, 2 Black, 2 Hispanic, 1 Oriental); and IPSS Risk Group (Low: 22 pts; Int-1: 56 pts). Iron status is summarized in the table: Parameter n Mean ± SD Median Range Normal range n/a, not applicable Serum ferritin,μg/L 84 3779 ± 4070 2951 1160–36280 12–370 Serum iron, μg/dL 84 205 ± 64 201 48–409 37–180 Transferrin, mg/dL 82 153 ± 31 152 83–244 190–375 Transferrin saturation, % 83 85 ± 15 91 20–94 15–50 LPI, μmol/L 38 0.52 ± 0.63 0.25 0–2.9 0 Total transfusions, n 78 63.3 ± 66.3 41.5 14–435 n/a Years of transfusion 75 3.4 ± 1.9 3 1–12 n/a Baseline concurrent therapies: 5-azacytidine (Vidaza): 5 pts; lenalidomide (Revlimid): 1 pt. Calculated creatinine clearance: normal (&amp;gt;80 mL/min): 37 pts; mildly abnormal (51–80 mL/min): 30 pts; moderately abnormal (30–50 mL/min): 9 pts. Hematological parameters: Anemia was present in all pts; other cytopenias included: neutropenia (&amp;lt;1800/μL): 13 pts, thrombocytopenia (&amp;lt;100,000/μL): 15 pts; neutropenia and thrombocytopenia: 12 pts. A total of 53 pts had received chelation prior to enrolling: 51 deferoxamine (Desferal®); and 2 deferasirox. Conclusions: Despite the prior availability of deferoxamine, these baseline data demonstrate significant levels of iron overload among transfused pts with myelodysplasia. Serum iron, ferritin and LPI are all well above the clinically significant thresholds associated with increased complications. Since recent data has suggested that iron overload may be a poor prognostic indicator in MDS, increased attention to maintaining appropriate iron balance is warranted. The recent availability of an oral iron chelator may be more acceptable to MDS pts and their physicians. This ongoing trial is designed to assess the long-term efficacy, safety, and clinical benefits of deferasirox in pts with MDS.
Safe transfer of patients with brain injury (ARCHIVED) (2006)

Patients with neurotrauma or other acute brain injury often receive initial treatment at a hospital which may not have a neurosciences unit. As a result, many patients with serious brain injuries have to be transferred urgently between hospitals by ambulance or air. Transfer of patients with brain injury is potentially hazardous if poorly executed. Patients can come to harm as a result and ultimate neurological outcome may be adversely affected. These guidelines recommend principles of safe transfer that apply in particular to those with acute brain injury. They are provided for those responsible for planning, managing and undertaking transfer of brain injured patients. They include information on: Organising and communicating transfers; Staffing requirements and standards; Preparing for a transfer; Equipment and drugs; Training; Resourcing issues.
H.264/AVC data partitioning for mobile video communication (2005)

In this work we compare nonscalable video coding with data partitioning using H.264/AVC under similar application and channel constraints for conversational applications over mobile channels. For both systems optimized rate allocation and network feedback has been applied. From the experimental results it is observed that based on the average PSNR the nonscalable system outperforms the data partitioning system. However, with the data partitioning system the percentage of entirely lost frames can be lowered, and the probability of poor quality decoded video can be reduced.
Peripheral Tissue Homing Receptors Enable T Cell Entry into Lymph Nodes and Affect the Anatomical Distribution of Memory Cells (2013)

Peripheral tissue homing receptors enable T cells to access inflamed nonlymphoid tissues. In this study, we show that two such molecules, E-selectin ligand and α4β1 integrin, enable activated and memory T cells to enter lymph nodes (LN) as well. This affects the quantitative and qualitative distribution of these cells among regional LN beds. CD8 memory T cells in LN that express these molecules were mostly CD62L(lo) and would normally be classified as effector memory cells. However, similar to central memory cells, they expanded upon Ag re-encounter. This led to differences in the magnitude of the recall response that depended on the route of immunization. These novel cells share properties of both central and effector memory cells and reside in LN based on previously undescribed mechanisms of entry.