gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Some Acyclic and C‐Acyclic Pyrrolo‐ (2,3‐d)pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Expression of SV40 virus large T antigen by recombinant adenoviruses activates proliferation of corneal endothelium in vitro. (1993)

Infection with the Ad5-SVR4 virus was used to introduce the large T antigen encoding region of the SV40 virus into bovine and human corneal endothelial cells. Expression of large T antigen occurred in 40% of bovine corneal endothelial cells after a 24-h incubation time versus 12% after 8 h of incubation. By 48 h after infection, almost all (92.8%) bovine corneal endothelial cells expressed large T antigen. Bovine and human corneal endothelial cells which expressed large T antigen proliferated and the characteristic morphologic features of corneal endothelium were maintained. This method may enable growth of enough corneal endothelium to perform studies to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms involved in regulating endothelial cell function.
Constant-bandwidth scanning of the Czerny–Turner monochromator (2000)

For the convenience of monochromator users, the constant-bandwidth operation of a Czerny-Turner monochromator is reviewed and clarified for continuously variable and for discretely variable slit widths. A procedure for selecting the discrete slit widths that are necessary for nearly constant-bandwidth scanning is presented.
Blastocyst implantation failure relates to impaired translational machinery gene expression (2014)

Oocyte quality is a well-established determinant of embryonic fate. However, the molecular participants and biological markers that affect and may predict adequate embryonic development are largely elusive. Our aim was to identify the components of the oocyte molecular machinery that part take in the production of a healthy embryo. For this purpose, we used an animal model, generated by us previously, the oocytes of which do not express Cx43 (Cx43(del/del)). In these mice, oogenesis appears normal, fertilisation does occur, early embryonic development is successful but implantation fails. We used magnetic resonance imaging analysis combined with histological examination to characterise the embryonic developmental incompetence. Reciprocal embryo transfer confirmed that the blastocyst evolved from the Cx43(del/del) oocyte is responsible for the implantation disorder. In order to unveil the genes, the impaired expression of which brings about the development of defective embryos, we carried out a genomic screening of both the oocytes and the resulting blastocysts. This microarray analysis revealed a low expression of Egr1, Rpl21 and Eif4a1 in Cx43(del/del) oocytes and downregulation of Rpl15 and Eif4g2 in the resulting blastocysts. We propose that global deficiencies in genes related to the expression of ribosomal proteins and translation initiation factors in apparently normal oocytes bring about accumulation of defects, which significantly compromise their developmental capacity. The blastocysts resulting from such oocytes, which grow within a confined space until implantation, may be unable to generate enough biological mass to allow their expansion. This information could be implicated to diagnosis and treatment of infertility, particularly to IVF.
Three‐dimensional oxygen‐enhanced MRI of the human lung at 1.5T with ultra‐fast balanced steady‐state free precession (2017)

The study demonstrates the feasibility of whole-lung OE-MRI from multi-volumetric ufSSFP in healthy volunteers. Magn Reson Med 79:246-255, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
ChemInform Abstract: Noble Metals in Polyoxometalates (2012)

Abstract Review: polyoxovanadates, ‐molybdates, ‐tungstates, ‐palladates, ‐platinates, and ‐aurates; 159 refs.
Bill Armstrong memorial session: elastic modulus and strain recovery testing of variable stiffness composites for structural reconfiguration applications (2007)

Morphing structures have the potential to significantly improve vehicle performance over existing fixed component designs. In this paper, we examine new composite material design approaches to provide combined high stiffness and large reversible deformation. These composites employ shape memory polymers (SMP) matrices combined with segmented metallic reinforcement to create materials with variable stiffness properties and reversible accommodation of relatively large strains. By adjusting the temperature of the sample, the storage modulus can be varied up to 200x. We demonstrate the segmented composite concept in prototype materials made using thermoplastic polyurethane SMP reinforced with interlocking segmented steel platelets. Measured storage moduli varied from 5-12 GPa, below SMP T<sub>g</sub>, and 0.1-0.5 GPa above SMP T<sub>g</sub>. The samples demonstrated more than 95% recovery from induced axial strains of 5% at 80°C. Viscoelastic effects are dominant in this regime and we investigate the rate dependence of strain recovery.
DSP based Coherent Receiver for Phase-Modulated Radio-over-Fiber Optical Links (2008)

A novel DSP based coherent receiver for phase modulated radio-over-fiber optical links is reported. Using the proposed digital receiver, signal demodulation of 1.25 Gb/s ASK-modulated 10 GHz RF carrier is experimentally demonstrated.
Design of Clinical Trials in Acute Kidney Injury (2012)

AKI is an important clinical problem that has become increasingly more common. Mortality rates associated with AKI remain high despite advances in supportive care. Patients surviving AKI have increased long-term mortality and appear to be at increased risk of developing CKD and progressing to ESRD. No proven effective pharmacologic therapies are currently available for the prevention or treatment of AKI. Advances in addressing this unmet need will require the development of novel therapeutic agents based on precise understanding of key pathophysiological events and the implementation of well designed clinical trials. To address this need, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases sponsored the "Clinical Trials in Acute Kidney Injury: Current Opportunities and Barriers" workshop in December 2010. The event brought together representatives from academia, industry, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Food and Drug Administration. We report the discussions of workgroups that developed outlines of clinical trials for the prevention of AKI in two patient populations: patients undergoing elective surgery who are at risk for or who develop AKI, and patients who are at risk for contrast-induced AKI. In both of these populations, primary prevention or secondary therapy can be delivered at an optimal time relative to kidney injury. The workgroups detailed primary and secondary endpoints for studies in these groups, and explored the use of adaptive clinical trial designs for trials of novel preventive strategies to improve outcomes of patients with AKI.
Secreted protein lipocalin‐2 promotes microglial M1 polarization (2012)

Activated macrophages are classified into two different forms: classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. The presence of M1/M2 phenotypic polarization has also been suggested for microglia. Here, we report that the secreted protein lipocalin 2 (LCN2) amplifies M1 polarization of activated microglia. LCN2 protein (EC 1 μg/ml), but not glutathione S-transferase used as a control, increased the M1-related gene expression in cultured mouse microglial cells after 8-24 h. LCN2 was secreted from M1-polarized, but not M2-polarized, microglia. LCN2 inhibited phosphorylation of STAT6 in IL-4-stimulated microglia, suggesting LCN2 suppression of the canonical M2 signaling. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse neuroinflammation model, the expression of LCN2 was notably increased in microglia. Primary microglial cultures derived from LCN2-deficient mice showed a suppressed M1 response and enhanced M2 response. Mice lacking LCN2 showed a markedly reduced M1-related gene expression in microglia after LPS injection, which was consistent with the results of histological analysis. Neuroinflammation-associated impairment in motor behavior and cognitive function was also attenuated in the LCN2-deficient mice, as determined by the rotarod performance test, fatigue test, open-field test, and object recognition task. These findings suggest that LCN2 is an M1-amplifier in brain microglial cells.
FPGA-acceleration of cone-beam reconstruction for the X-ray CT (2005)

3D interactive technologies become more and more applicable in nowadays medicine. Fast 3D reconstruction of CT-data is one of the examples. We present an acceleration of relevant reconstruction algorithms using FPGAs. For this purpose we used a board based on Xilinx Virtex II6000. Our system is able to reconstruct a 2563 voxel volume from 120 projections (5122j in 9s, using the filtered backprojection algorithm. In addition, it is shown how such a system is used to accelerate iterative algorithms, whereby the forward projection is performed by graphics hardware. The performance for iterative approaches is 4 min for SIRT (10 iterations) and 3 minutes for OS-EM (6 iterations) where the main limitation is the forward projection.
Effects in a high power BWO induced by the exhausted electron beam (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. As a result of the interaction with the operating wave in a relativistic BWO, electrons obtain a great velocity spread for practically any efficiency of beam-to-microwave energy conversion. Calculations show that the distribution of electrons is almost symmetric with respect to the average electron energy. The main portion of the electrons is found in two fractions: one of them has energy almost twice that of the average value, whereas the electrons of the second fraction have very low energy that lead to a decrease in the value of the space-charge-limiting current. When the electron collector is placed far from the interaction space, local virtual cathodes appear in the output channel, even when the electron beam propagates close to the wall. Part of the reflected electrons reach the cathode and result in a decrease of the beam current and the subsequent disappearance of virtual cathodes. As a result, modulation of the output radiation appears, the depth of modulation depending on the collector conditions. In experiments performed at the Institute of Applied Physics using a Sinus accelerator, a 0.5 MV, 17 ns X-band relativistic BWO radiated microwave pulses of 10 ns duration. The placement of a massive copper ring directly at the end of the electrodynamic system resulted in the microwave pulse duration equaling the voltage pulse duration. In the case without the massive ring, pulse shortening could be attributed to a decrease in electron emission owing to electrons reflected from the collector; the electron beam current would fall below the start oscillation current, thereby preventing microwave generation. Therefore, conditions at the collector of a relativistic BWO can interrupt the regime of stationary microwave generation.
Antiviral Activities of β-Enantiomers of 3′-Substituted-3′-deoxythymidine Analogs (1997)

Abstract Several β-L-3′-substituted-3′-deoxythymidine were stereospecifically synthesized. None of these analogs inhibited HIV-1 nor HBV replication in vitro suggesting that these β-L-pyrimidine derivatives may not be efficiently phosphorylated inside the cells.
Poly[3,6‐(carbaz‐9‐yl)propanesulfonate]: A Self‐Doped Polymer with Both Cation and Anion Exchange Properties (1990)

A water‐soluble, self‐doped, electroactive polymer, poly[3,6‐(carbaz‐9‐yl)propanesulfonate] (PCPS), has been prepared for the first time. Electrochemical analyses show that this polymer has two separate oxidation states involving interactions of the polymer backbone with the covalently bound, self‐doping ions and counterions from electrolyte, indicating that the polymer has the ability to act as a potential‐dependent charge‐controllable membrane with both cation‐exchange and anion‐exchange properties. We have used the quartz crystal microbalance technique to investigate these two processes, to verify the self‐doping mechanisms exhibited by PCPS, and detail the charge/mass transport relationships in this polymer.
A lentiviral vector encoding fusion of light invariant chain and mycobacterial antigens induces protective CD4+ T cell immunity (2022)

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are highly efficient at inducing CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. However, LV-encoded antigens are processed inside the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells, which does not directly communicate with the endosomal major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation pathway. LVs are thus poor at inducing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell response. To overcome this limitation, we devised a strategy whereby LV-encoded antigens are extended at their N-terminal end with the MHC-II-associated light invariant chain (li), which contains an endosome-targeting signal sequence. When evaluated with an LV-encoded polyantigen composed of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell targets from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, intranasal vaccination in mice triggers pulmonary polyfunctional CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. Adjuvantation of these LVs extends the mucosal immunity to Th17 and Tc17 responses. A systemic prime and an intranasal boost with one of these LV induces protection against M. tuberculosis. This strategy improves the protective power of LVs against infections and cancers, where CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell immunity plays an important role.
Purification of a terminal uridylyltransferase that acts as host factor in the in vitro poliovirus replicase reaction. (1986)

Poliovirus RNA polymerase requires a host factor to initiate RNA synthesis in vitro. The host factor was previously purified to near homogeneity from HeLa cells but was not assigned an enzymatic activity. This report describes the purification of a terminal uridylyltransferase that can act as host factor. By all criteria examined it is identical to the factor purified previously. It has the same molecular weight (68,000), chromatographic properties, and cellular localization. We present evidence that terminal uridylyltransferase can add uridine residues to the 3' poly(A) end of virion RNA and that these anneal back to the poly(A) and form a hairpin primer for polymerase.
Prolongation of the Effective Duration of Cytomedical Therapy by Re-injecting SK2 Hybridoma Cells Microencapsulated within Alginate-Poly(L)lysine-Alginate Membranes into Human Interleukin-6 Transgenic Mice. (1999)

We previously reported that SK2 hybridoma cells that secreted anti-human interleukin-6 (hIL-6) monoclonal antibodies (SK2 mAb) were microencapsulated within alginate-poly(L)lysine-alginate (APA) membranes (APA-SK2 cells) for immunoisolation, and a single intraperitoneal injection of these APA-SK2 cells remarkably improved IgG1 plasmacytosis in hIL-6 transgenic mice (hIL-6 Tgm). However, the duration of the effectiveness of APA-SK2 cells as a cytomedicine was unfortunately limited. In this study, we attempted to re-inject APA-SK2 cells into hIL-6 Tgm for the purpose of prolonging the cytomedical therapy. In hIL-6 Tgm re-injected with APA-SK2 cells, the plasma IgG1 level did not show any increase in 37 week old mice, and their survival time was at least three times longer than those of untreated hIL-6 Tgm. These results suggest that re-injected APA-SK2 cells survived and secreted SK2 mAb in the allogeneic mice. Thus, the limited duration of the cytomedical effects of APA-SK2 cells was probably caused by the disappearance of the inner space of microcapsules for cell proliferation, not by the rejection of the host's immune system. Therefore, if we can regulate the proliferation of the cells microencapsulated within a semipermeable membrane, we may be able to develop a cytomedicine which will continue its function longer after a single injection.
Pitfalls in Interpretation of Urodynamic Studies (2007)

This chapter contains section titled: Sampling error Uroflow and post-void residual urine Multichannel urodynamic studies Effect of urodynamic catheter on uroflow Bladder compliance versus involuntary detrusor contraction Detrusor areflexia or absent detrusor contractions Electromyography artifacts Pitfalls in radiographic interpretation
Piperine’s mitigation of obesity and diabetes can be explained by its up-regulation of the metabolic rate of resting muscle (2016)

We identify a target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, the consumption of calories by an increase in the metabolic rate of resting skeletal muscle. The metabolic rate of skeletal muscle can be increased by shifting myosin heads from the super-relaxed state (SRX), with a low ATPase activity, to a disordered relaxed state (DRX), with a higher ATPase activity. The shift of myosin heads was detected by a change in fluorescent intensity of a probe attached to the myosin regulatory light chain in skinned skeletal fibers, allowing us to perform a high-throughput screen of 2,128 compounds. The screen identified one compound, which destabilized the super-relaxed state, piperine (the main alkaloid component of black pepper). Destabilization of the SRX by piperine was confirmed by single-nucleotide turnover measurements. The effect was only observed in fast twitch skeletal fibers and not in slow twitch fibers or cardiac tissues. Piperine increased ATPase activity of skinned relaxed fibers by 66 ± 15%. The K<sub>d</sub> was ∼2 µM. Piperine had little effect on the mechanics of either fully active or resting muscle fibers. Previous work has shown that piperine can mitigate both obesity and type 2 diabetes in rodent models of these conditions. We propose that the increase in resting muscle metabolism contributes to these positive effects. The results described here show that up-regulation of resting muscle metabolism could treat obesity and type 2 diabetes and that piperine would provide a useful lead compound for the development of these therapies.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2,3‐DIHYDRO‐5H‐OXAZOLO(2,3‐B)QUINAZOLIN‐5‐ONES (1980)

Abstract 2‐Isocyanato‐benzoesäureester (I) reagiert mit Ethylenimin zum Harnstoff (II), der mit NaI zu (III) cyclisiert wird.
Fluoroscopic guidance of a surgical robot: pre-clinical evaluation in pelvic guidewire placement (2021)

This study demonstrates the accuracy of image-guided robotic positioning without prior calibration of the C-arm gantry, facilitating the use of surgical robots with simpler imaging devices that cannot establish or maintain an offline calibration. Future work includes testing of the system in a clinical setting with trained orthopaedic surgeons and residents.
LCuts: Linear Clustering of Bacteria using Recursive Graph Cuts (2019)

Bacterial biofilm segmentation poses significant challenges due to lack of apparent structure, poor imaging resolution, limited contrast between conterminous cells and high density of cells that overlap. Although there exist bacterial segmentation algorithms in the existing art, they fail to delineate cells in dense biofilms, especially in 3D imaging scenarios in which the cells are growing and subdividing in a complex manner. A graph-based data clustering method, LCuts, is presented with the application on bacterial cell segmentation. By constructing a weighted graph with node features in locations and principal orientations, the proposed method can automatically classify and detect differently oriented aggregations of linear structures (represent by bacteria in the application). The method assists in the assessment of several facets, such as bacterium tracking, cluster growth, and mapping of migration patterns of bacterial biofilms. Quantitative and qualitative measures for 2D data demonstrate the superiority of proposed method over the state of the art. Preliminary 3D results exhibit reliable classification of the cells with 97% accuracy.
Arylamine-Based Squaraine Donors for Use in Organic Solar Cells (2011)

Squaraine (SQ) dyes are notable for their exceptionally high absorption coefficients extending from the green to the near-infrared. In this work, we utilize the functionalized SQ donor: 2,4-bis [4-(N-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (1-NPSQ) by substitution of isobutylamines in the common "parent SQ" with arylamines to improve stacking and hence exciton and charge transport. The strong electron-withdrawing arylamine group results in a highest occupied molecular orbital energy of 5.3 eV, compared to 5.1 eV for the parent SQ, making 1-NPSQ a suitable donor when used with a C(60) acceptor in an organic photovoltaic cell. Optimized and thermally annealed, nanocrystalline heterojunction 1-NPSQ/C(60)/bathocuproine solar cells with an open circuit voltage of 0.90 ± 0.01 V, fill factor of 0.64 ± 0.01, and short circuit current of 10.0 ± 1.1 mA/cm(2) at 1 sun, AM1.5G illumination (solar spectrally corrected) result in a power conversion efficiency of 5.7 ± 0.6%. Crystallograpnic data suggest that the intermolecular stacking of 1-NPSQ molecules is closer than that of the parent SQ, thereby reducing the device series resistance and increasing its fill factor.
Characterization of Hafnium Oxide Thin Films Prepared By MOCVD (2003)

Hafnium oxide thin films deposited by MOCVD were annealed in nitrogen at various temperatures. The as‐deposited films and annealed films were characterized using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The films were found to be slightly oxygen deficient. Angle‐resolved XPS revealed oxygen to be residing in two different chemical states, that of oxygen in hafnium oxide, and possibly, a hafnium silicate. Auger depth profiling revealed nitrogen enrichment in an interfacial layer at the film‐substrate interface, which could be the result of an ammonia pre‐treatment prior to deposition. The thickness of this interfacial layer was determined to be ∼ 15 A from TEM. Progressively larger grains were found from AFM measurements with increasing annealing temperature.
Ultra-fast photodetectors based on high-mobility indium gallium antimonide nanowires (2019)

Because of tunable bandgap and high carrier mobility, ternary III-V nanowires (NWs) have demonstrated enormous potential for advanced applications. However, the synthesis of large-scale and highly-crystalline In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>Sb NWs is still a challenge. Here, we achieve high-density and crystalline stoichiometric In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>Sb (0.09 < x < 0.28) NWs on amorphous substrates with the uniform phase-purity and <110 >-orientation via chemical vapor deposition. The as-prepared NWs show excellent electrical and optoelectronic characteristics, including the high hole mobility (i.e. 463 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> for In<sub>0.09</sub>Ga<sub>0.91</sub>Sb NWs) as well as broadband and ultrafast photoresponse over the visible and infrared optical communication region (1550 nm). Specifically, the In<sub>0.28</sub>Ga<sub>0.72</sub>Sb NW device yields efficient rise and decay times down to 38 and 53 μs, respectively, along with the responsivity of 6000 A W<sup>-1</sup> and external quantum efficiency of 4.8 × 10<sup>6</sup> % towards 1550 nm regime. High-performance NW parallel-arrayed devices can also be fabricated to illustrate their large-scale device integrability for next-generation, ultrafast, high-responsivity and broadband photodetectors.