gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous injection of ICG for fractional thermal injury using an 808nm wide-area scanning laser diode (2021)

Non-fractional lasers used for hair removal penetrate deep into the tissue (~4 mm), and can be repurposed for enhanced thermal delivery using topically applied indocyanine green (ICG), a highly absorptive NIR dye. We demonstrate a new methodology for achieving fractional damage with an 808nm diode laser using a microneedle array injector and ICG impregnated PLGA nanoparticle formulation. A comparison of the effects of injection depth and irradiation dose between free ICG and PLGA@ICG revealed that the nanoparticle formulation effectively concentrates and confines the fluorophore locally at depths of ~3mm and thermal damage is achieved with irradiances as low as 10J/cm2. These improvements in the delivery of ICG subcutaneously in a fractional pattern allow for confined dermal tissue injury using low irradiances, minimizing discoloration of superficial layers of the skin, and significantly enhancing the depth of thermal injury achievable with a wide-area non-fractional laser diode.
Global Medicinal Chemistry and GCPR Conference (2018)

Laurent Schio speaks to Benjamin Walden, Commissioning Editor. Laurent Schio is leading the group of Integrated Drug Discovery of Sanofi, France. He joined Sanofi more than 25 years ago and is an organic chemist by training. He has made most of his career in medicinal chemistry supporting and leading projects, especially in the anti-infective and then in the oncology fields. He has developed a strong expertise in kinases and lately has contributed to the discovery of several clinical candidates for cancer treatment.
Analysis of MFM Images as Stochastic Signals and Interpretation of their Variances. (1999)

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has been widely used to investigate magnetized states of recording media, and a method of analyzing MFM images as stochastic signals has been proposed. Through the analysis of the variance computed by this method, a parameter L/W was found. However, the relation between the variance variation and the recorded state of media is not well understood. In this study, in order to determine the relation, MFM-out-put signals are simulated by using the micro-track model, and the variation in the variance around the transition region is considered. The relation between the L/W and some media parameters is investigated by means of the above simulation.
Engineering Approaches for Functional Nerve Regeneration (2010)

Presented on September 1, 2010 from 4-5 pm in room G011 of the Molecular Science and Engineering Building on the Georgia Tech Campus.
Myocarditis (1994)

Myocarditis represents one of the most challenging conditions facing the practicing cardiologist Clinical presentations of this syndrome range from a benign atypical chest pain syndrome to fulminant congrestive heart failure or sudden death. The pathophysiology and natural history of myocarditis are poorly undersood, and the most effective therapy is unclear, increasingly, viral myocarditis and its immunologic sequellae appear to be responsible for the development of what was in some patients, previously considered dispathic dilated cardiomyopathy. This article reviews the current understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology and clinical features of myocarditis.
The NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GPU (2007)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on NVIDIA's GeForce 8800 GPU. Some of the specific topics discussed include: an overview of the GeForce 8800 architecture; streamng processor array and processing capabilities; the Raster Operation Pipeline; and GeForce implementation, deployment, and performance evaluation.
Sectarian Developments: Saivism, Saktism and Tantra (2014)

The development of yoga philosophy continued outside of Vedānta and Vaisnavism in the various schools of Śaivism and Śāktism, both of which have a more ambivalent relation to brāhmanical orthodoxy than does Vaisnavism. These three traditions and their respective deities dominate, medieval and modern Hinduism.
A method for medulloblastoma tumor differentiation based on convolutional neural networks and transfer learning (2015)

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been very successful at addressing different computer vision tasks thanks to their ability to learn image representations directly from large amounts of labeled data. Features learned from a dataset can be used to represent images from a different dataset via an approach called transfer learning. In this paper we apply transfer learning to the challenging task of medulloblastoma tumor differentiation. We compare two different CNN models which were previously trained in two different domains (natural and histopathology images). The first CNN is a state-of-the-art approach in computer vision, a large and deep CNN with 16-layers, Visual Geometry Group (VGG) CNN. The second (IBCa-CNN) is a 2-layer CNN trained for invasive breast cancer tumor classification. Both CNNs are used as visual feature extractors of histopathology image regions of anaplastic and non-anaplastic medulloblastoma tumor from digitized whole-slide images. The features from the two models are used, separately, to train a softmax classifier to discriminate between anaplastic and non-anaplastic medulloblastoma image regions. Experimental results show that the transfer learning approach produce competitive results in comparison with the state of the art approaches for IBCa detection. Results also show that features extracted from the IBCa-CNN have better performance in comparison with features extracted from the VGG-CNN. The former obtains 89.8% while the latter obtains 76.6% in terms of average accuracy.
Influence of permethrin droplets on movement of larval Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (1995)

Abstract The behavioral response of larvae of the diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella L.) to permethrin droplets was investigated through computer simulations and videotape analysis of larval movement on treated surfaces. Simulations of pre‐contact avoidance responses and post‐contact hypersensitivity responses indicated that the different response types would produce different effects on larval speeds and leaving times in the presence of insecticide. Analysis of actual larval movement in treated arenas demonstrated that responses to permethrin consistent with the predictions for pre‐contact avoidance did occur. Larval speeds were higher in trials with insecticide droplets than in controls, and these differences arose prior to contact with droplets. When a higher insecticide concentration was used for droplets, the response observed was consistent with a relatively longer distance avoidance response than when droplets had lower permethrin concentrations. Such a response to permethrin should significantly decrease larval exposure to insecticides and increase survival in permethrintreated fields.
Medicinal Chemistry:  Principles and Practice. Second Edition Edited by Frank D. King (GlaxoSmithKline, UK). Royal Society of Chemistry:  Cambridge. 2002. xxvii + 448 pp. $79.95. ISBN 0-85404-631-3 (Softcover). (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTMedicinal Chemistry: Principles and Practice. Second Edition Edited by Frank D. King (GlaxoSmithKline, UK). Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge. 2002. xxvii + 448 pp. $79.95. ISBN 0-85404-631-3 (Softcover).Sean Michael KerwinView Author Information The University of Texas at AustinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 22, 6837–6838Publication Date (Web):March 21, 2003Publication History Published online21 March 2003Published inissue 1 June 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja025346jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja025346jbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Combinatorial chemistry,Drug discovery,Inhibitors,Medicinal chemistry,Toxicology Get e-Alerts
Experimental evidence for maximum efficiency operation of a magnetostrictive transducer. (1996)

Experimental broadband testing of a magnetostrictive transducer has been used to study the trade-off between operating for maximum efficiency and maximum output. Although the largest output, displacement or acceleration, is achieved at the resonant frequency, a greater operating efficiency is achieved at a frequency above resonance. An explanation for this phenomenon for general transducers via the theory of electroacoustics is reviewed [F. V. Hunt, Electroacoustics: The Analysis of Transduction, and Its Historical Background, Acoustical Society of America, Woodbury, NY (1982)]. This frequency of maximum efficiency is derived for a general electromagnetic transducer and shown graphically on a motional-impedance locus plot. An evaluation of the efficiency shows that the reactance, the imaginary component of the electrical impedance, can be ‘tuned’ to achieve maximum efficiency. For a magnetostrictive transducer the reactance tuning is related to reducing eddy losses. The effective permeability of the material is shown to decrease significantly after resonance, well below the nominal value at low frequency; thus operating in this frequency region results in a significant decrease in eddy current losses and hence a higher efficiency. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the advantages of operating a transducer at the maximum efficiency frequency. [Work supported by NASA Graduate Student Research Program, NASA Langley.]
Tumor Models and the Discovery and Secondary Evaluation of Solid Tumor Active Agents (1995)

AbstractEach independently arising tumor is a separate and unique biologic entity with its own unique histologic appearance, biologic behavior, and drug response profile. Thus, in drug discovery, no single tumor has been a perfect predictor for any other tumor. For this reason, new agents are evaluated in a variety of tumor models which is known as breadth of activity testing. In recent years, human tumors implanted in athymic nude mice and SCID mice have also become available for breadth of activity testing. In studies carried out in these laboratories, it was found that 10 human tumors metastasized in the SCID mice, but failed to metastasize in nude mice. In addition, tumor growth and tumor takes were superior in the SCID mice. The strengths and weaknesses of xenograft model systems are discussed. For example, most human tumor xenograft models are excessively sensitive to alkylating agents as well as to a new class of DNA binders (XE840 and XP315). Using human tumor models that are the least sensitive to these classes of agents is suggested. A drug discovery screen using a disk-diffusion-soft-agar-colony formation assay is presented. This assay employs leukemia cells, normal cells, and cells, from solid tumors of mouse and human origin. The goal is to find agents with greater cytotoxicity for solid tumor cells than for leukemic or normal cells. Over 50,000 materials of synthetic and natural product origin have been tested in this disk-assay which identijied a variety of agents. In-vivo breadth of activity testing is presented for several agents that fit the desired cellular selectivity in-vitro. Three of these agents are currently in Phase-1,2 clinical trials [PZA (NSC366140), Acetyldinaline (C1994), and WlN333771. Three others are in clinical development (XK469, Nanoparticle-Piposuljan, and Cryptophycin-8). All of these agents are highly active and broadly active against a variety of solid tumors.Keywords:: Tumor modelsdrug discoverymice
Static-to-dynamic field conversion with time-varying media (2021)

In this Letter, we theoretically demonstrate that a uniform static electric field distribution can be partially converted to radiation fields when a portion of the medium undergoes a temporal change of its permittivity. An in-depth theoretical investigation of this phenomenon is developed for a dielectric block with a step-like temporal change located inside a waveguide charged with a DC voltage source. Closed analytical expressions are derived for the radiated electric and magnetic fields. The exchange of energy between the electrostatic and electromagnetic fields is discussed. The reconciliation between the seemingly contradictory temporal and spatial boundary conditions for the electric and magnetic fields at the interface of the time-varying dielectric block is analyzed and elucidated. Our findings may provide an alternative solution for generating electromagnetic radiation based on time-varying media.
9/11 Mixed Helices in α/β Peptides Derived from C‐Linked Carbo‐β‐Amino Acid and L‐Ala Repeats (2005)

Ein neuer Dreh: Die α/β-Hybriddipeptid-Wiederholungseinheiten, die aus alternierenden C-verknüpften Carbo-β3-aminosäuren und L-Ala-Resten hergestellt wurden, tendieren stark zur Bildung gemischter Helices und liefern bislang unbekannte rechtsgängige 11/9- und 9/11-Helixstrukturen (siehe Bild).
Online Decision Making with Fairness over Time (2022)

Online platforms increasingly rely on sequential decision-making algorithms to allocate resources, match users, or control exposure, while facing growing pressure to ensure fairness over time. We study a general online decision-making framework in which a platform repeatedly makes decisions from possibly non-convex and discrete feasible sets, such as indivisible assignments or assortment choices, to maximize accumulated reward. Importantly, these decisions must jointly satisfy a set of general, $m$-dimensional, potentially unbounded but convex global constraints, which model diverse long-term fairness goals beyond simple budget caps. We develop a primal-dual algorithm that interprets fairness constraints as dynamic prices and updates them online based on observed outcomes. The algorithm is simple to implement, requiring only the solution of perturbed local optimization problems at each decision step. Under the standard random permutation model, we show that our method achieves $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{mT})$ regret in expected reward while guaranteeing $O(\sqrt{mT})$ violation of long-term fairness constraints deterministically over a horizon of $T$ steps. To capture realistic demand patterns such as periodicity or perturbation, we further extend our guarantees to a grouped random permutation model.
Relationship between Lattice Deformation and Polarization in BaTiO3 (2001)

The relationship between lattice deformation and electrical polarization in tetragonal BaTiO 3 is investigated. The density functional theory within the local density approximation using the full-potential-linear-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method is adopted to obtain internal atom positions and one-electron wave functions. Electric polarization is calculated using the Berry-phase theory. We have found that a lattice strain of the order of 1% along the c -axis enhances polarization considerably. However, for that of the order of 0.1%, polarization hardly changes. We assume that these responses of the polarization to lattice strain are related to the stress sensitivity of the polarization in ferroelectric-thin films through nanoscale domains, especially ferroelectric-90-degree domains. We have also found that the polarization of BaTiO 3 can be scaled linearly by the distance between Ti and its nearest-neighbor oxygen (apical site in oxygen octahedron). This indicates that the covalency between Ti and the apical oxygen is the only driving force for the ferroelectricity in BaTiO 3 . We suggest that this covalency softens Young's modulus of BaTiO 3 in the ferroelectric states compared to the paraelectric states through the increase of the degree of freedom for atomic displacements in a unit cell.
Deterministic Entanglement of Photons in Two Superconducting Microwave Resonators (2011)

Quantum entanglement, one of the defining features of quantum mechanics, has been demonstrated in a variety of nonlinear spinlike systems. Quantum entanglement in linear systems has proven significantly more challenging, as the intrinsic energy level degeneracy associated with linearity makes quantum control more difficult. Here we demonstrate the quantum entanglement of photon states in two independent linear microwave resonators, creating N-photon NOON states (entangled states |N0> + |0N>) as a benchmark demonstration. We use a superconducting quantum circuit that includes Josephson qubits to control and measure the two resonators, and we completely characterize the entangled states with bipartite Wigner tomography. These results demonstrate a significant advance in the quantum control of linear resonators in superconducting circuits.
Exact Synthesis for Logic Synthesis Applications with Complex Constraints (2017)

Exact synthesis is the problem of finding logic networks that represent given Boolean functions and respect given constraints. With exact synthesis it is possible to find optimum networks, e.g., in size or depth; consequently, it primarily finds application in logic optimization. However, exact synthesis is also very helpful in logic synthesis applications necessitating complex constraints that are present in the hardware primitives or the logic representations for which the synthesis has to be performed. Conventional heuristic logic synthesis algorithms are not considering such constraints. They still can be employed to optimize networks, but they cannot guarantee that optimized networks meets all requirements. Being faced with a logic synthesis application that seeks for low-depth majority-based networks with limited fan-out for small functions, we demonstrate how state-of-the-art exact synthesis algorithms can be adapted and used to find logic networks that match these constraints. To emphasize the need for exact synthesis, we also demonstrate how conventional logic synthesis either fails to find constraint-satisfying logic networks or yields networks of inferior quality.
Detection and Potential Virulence of Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) Listeria monocytogenes: A Review (2021)

The detection, enumeration, and virulence potential of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens continues to be a topic of discussion. While there is a lack of definitive evidence that VBNC <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (Lm) pose a public health risk, recent studies suggest that Lm in its VBNC state remains virulent. VBNC bacteria cannot be enumerated by traditional plating methods, so the results from routine Lm testing may not demonstrate a sample's true hazard to public health. We suggest that supplementing routine Lm testing methods with methods designed to enumerate VBNC cells may more accurately represent the true level of risk. This review summarizes five methods for enumerating VNBC Lm: Live/Dead BacLight<sup>TM</sup> staining, ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide-stained real-time polymerase chain reaction (EMA- and PMA-PCR), direct viable count (DVC), 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride-4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (CTC-DAPI) double staining, and carboxy-fluorescein diacetate (CDFA) staining. Of these five supplementary methods, the Live/Dead BacLight<sup>TM</sup> staining and CFDA-DVC staining currently appear to be the most accurate for VBNC Lm enumeration. In addition, the impact of the VBNC state on the virulence of Lm is reviewed. Widespread use of these supplemental methods would provide supporting data to identify the conditions under which Lm can revert from its VBNC state into an actively multiplying state and help identify the environmental triggers that can cause Lm to become virulent. Highlights: Rationale for testing for all viable Listeria (Lm) is presented. Routine environmental sampling and plating methods may miss viable Lm cells. An overview and comparison of available VBNC testing methods is given. There is a need for resuscitation techniques to recover Lm from VBNC. A review of testing results for post VBNC virulence is compared.
Correction: A new potent HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor: A synthetic peptide derived from the interface subunit domains. (2019)

VOLUME 274 (1991) PAGES 24941–24946 Veronique Robert-Hebmann, Laurent Chaloin, and Christian Devaux should be removed from the list of authors. The correct author list is shown above.
Clinical Impact of Inherited and Acquired Genetic Variants in Mastocytosis (2021)

Mastocytosis is a rare and complex disease characterized by expansion of clonal mast cells (MC) in skin and/or various internal organ systems. Involvement of internal organs leads to the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis (SM). The WHO classification divides SM into indolent SM, smoldering SM and advanced SM variants, including SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm, aggressive SM, and MC leukemia. Historically, genetic analysis of individuals with pure cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) and SM have focused primarily on cohort studies of inherited single nucleotide variants and acquired pathogenic variants. The most prevalent pathogenic variant (mutation) in patients with SM is <i>KIT</i> p.D816V, which is detectable in most adult patients. Other somatic mutations have also been identified-especially in advanced SM-in <i>TET2</i>, <i>SRSF2</i>, <i>ASXL1</i>, <i>RUNX1</i>, <i>CBL</i> and <i>JAK2</i>, and shown to impact clinical and cellular phenotypes. Although only small patient cohorts have been analyzed, disease associations have also been identified in several germline variants within genes encoding certain cytokines or their receptors (<i>IL13</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>IL6R</i>, <i>IL31</i>, <i>IL4R</i>) and toll-like receptors. More recently, an increased prevalence of hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HαT) caused by increased <i>TPSAB1</i> copy number encoding alpha-tryptase has been described in patients with SM. Whereas HαT is found in 3-6% of general Western populations, it is identified in up to 17% of patients with SM. In the current manuscript we review the prevalence, functional role and clinical impact of various germline and somatic genetic variants in patients with mastocytosis.
Studies of molecular association in H2O and D2O vapors by measurement of thermal conductivity (1979)

The thermal conductivities of H2O and D2O vapors were measured in a modified thick hot wire cell between 358 and 386 K at pressures ranging from 100 to 1000 Torr. Analysis of the data indicates that molecular association to form a dimeric species is the main source of enhancement of the thermal conductivity of both vapors. The enthalpy and entropy of association of the H2O dimer are −3.59 kcal mol−1 and −18.59 cal deg−1 mol−1, respectively. The enthalpy and entropy of association of the D2O dimer are −3.66 kcal mol−1 and −18.67 cal deg−1 mol−1, respectively. The measured enthalpy of association of the H2O dimer is in agreement with recently reported ab initio molecular orbital calculations on the H2O dimer. The entropies of association of the H2O and D2O dimers are calculated theoretically and are found to be in agreement with the measured values.