gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Gastroprotective activity of modified glutamyl-tryptophan dipeptide analogs and melatonin]. (2012)

The gastroprotective action of synthetic dipeptides glutamyl-tryptophane (EW), iso-valeroyl-glutamyl-tryptophane (ivEW) and nicotinoyl-glutamyl-tryptophane (nEW) in comparison to melatonin was studied in experiments on male with the model indometacine and starvation stress-induced stomach ulcers. It was shown, that EW and melatonin exhibit antiulcer activity upon preventive intragastric administration on the model of starvation stress stomach ulcers. At the same time, ivEW, nEW, EW and melatonin exhibit antiulcer activity during the treatment of model indometacine-induced stomach ulcers. The maximum gastroprotective action was observed for ivEW on the model of indomethacin-induced stomach ulcer. The therapeutic efficiency of substances studied is based on their cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunomodulating action.
Randomized Trial of Endoscopic or Open Vein-Graft Harvesting for Coronary-Artery Bypass (2018)

Among patients undergoing CABG, we did not find a significant difference between open vein-graft harvesting and endoscopic vein-graft harvesting in the risk of major adverse cardiac events. (Funded by the Cooperative Studies Program, Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs; REGROUP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01850082 .).
Silicon photonics developments in Europe (2009)

Silicon photonics have generated an increasing interest in the recent year, mainly for optical telecommunications or for optical interconnects in microelectronic circuits. The rationale of silicon photonics is the reduction of the cost of photonic systems through the integration of photonic components and an IC on a common chip, or in the longer term, the enhancement of IC performance with the introduction of optics inside a high performance chip. In order to build a Opto-Electronic Integrated circuit (OEIC), different European project has been launched in Europe. The PICMOS project demonstrated the full optical link on a silicon circuit with InP bonded devices. The following WADIMOS project goes a step further with the demonstration of an optical network on chip with WDM laser for on-chip intraconnection between IC cores. The UK silicon photonics project and the European HELIOS project are focalized on telecommunications devices with the aim of photonics and electronics integration which can be done either by wafer bonding of an SOI photonic circuit or by low temperature fabrication of a photonic layer at the metallization levels. Recent development on building blocks will be reported such as low loss couplers, Si and InP disk modulators, high speed Ge or InGaAs photodetectors.
Case Study: Reliability of Multi-Electrode Array in the Knob Area of Human Motor Cortex Intended for a Neuromotor Prosthesis Application (2005)

Extracellular recordings of motor cortex (MI) neurons, using a chronically implanted multi-electrode array, promise to yield a high dimensional input signal to external devices such as a computer, exoskeleton or prosthetic arm. For the multi-electrode array to be used as a sensor for a neuromotor prosthesis (NMP), it is important that it continually record movement-related signals over long time periods. Recent studies have demonstrated that it is possible to continually record for up to 1.5 years from a sufficient number of MI neurons in monkeys to enable neural decoding of arm movement. Cyberkinetics Neurotechnology Systems Inc. has initiated an investigational device exemption (TOE) study investigating the safety and efficacy of the BrainGate/spl trade/ Neural Interface System, a medical device that combines this sensor with data acquisition and processing devices to decode movement intent. This device is currently being investigated as a means for a quadriplegic person to operate a range of assistive technologies. Preliminary results from this case study provide evidence that (1) MI neurons remain active more than 3 years after spinal cord injury, (2) units can be recorded 6 months after surgery. This technology may benefit quadriplegic people by providing a new output pathway from the cortex, to control their muscles.
Active Learning of Quantum System Hamiltonians yields Query Advantage (2021)

Hamiltonian learning is an important procedure in quantum system identification, calibration, and successful operation of quantum computers. Through queries to the quantum system, this procedure seeks to obtain the parameters of a given Hamiltonian model and description of noise sources. Standard techniques for Hamiltonian learning require careful design of queries and $O(ε^{-2})$ queries in achieving learning error $ε$ due to the standard quantum limit. With the goal of efficiently and accurately estimating the Hamiltonian parameters within learning error $ε$ through minimal queries, we introduce an active learner that is given an initial set of training examples and the ability to interactively query the quantum system to generate new training data. We formally specify and experimentally assess the performance of this Hamiltonian active learning (HAL) algorithm for learning the six parameters of a two-qubit cross-resonance Hamiltonian on four different superconducting IBM Quantum devices. Compared with standard techniques for the same problem and a specified learning error, HAL achieves up to a $99.8\%$ reduction in queries required, and a $99.1\%$ reduction over the comparable non-adaptive learning algorithm. Moreover, with access to prior information on a subset of Hamiltonian parameters and given the ability to select queries with linearly (or exponentially) longer system interaction times during learning, HAL can exceed the standard quantum limit and achieve Heisenberg (or super-Heisenberg) limited convergence rates during learning.
Aging Characterization of Adhesives and Bonded Joints by Non-Destructive Damping Measurements (1999)

Long term performance of adhesive joints in various environments is the main concern of bonding technology in both military and civil applications. Joint strength can be greatly degraded by aging. Periodic non-destructive strength evaluation of bonded devices is, thus, a critical necessity for quality assurance. Developing a tool for non-destructive testing of joint strength in bonded devices is the long-term goal of the present study. The method revealed here is application of vibration analysis, concentrating on the damping behavior of the tested object. Contrary to other non-destructive evaluation methods, which indicate only the presence of defects, this method is sensitive mainly to the material properties, thus can assess material degradation. In this case, the property of interest is the strength. In stage 1 of this research (Shiloh et al., 1996) it was shown that aging of adhesives and bonded joints can be evaluated non-destructively by vibration analysis, based on the internal friction (damping) effect. Good correlation between the specific damping capacity (SDC) and the shear strength of bonded joints was determined. In stage 2 (Shiloh et al., 1998), an additional step towards the target application was achieved, by broadening the range of the tested specimen. Additional adhesives and adherends as well as various geometries and sizes of the bonded joints were tested. The effect of the following factors was established: adhesive aging or shear strength, adherends, temperature, sample size [up to diameter of 356 mm (14")] and sample shapes (flats and rings). The results show that the method is most promising. For more reliable wide-ranging guidelines, theoretical analysis by numerical simulation of vibrational stresses is required.
Vertical-Aware Click Model-Based Effectiveness Metrics (2014)

Today's web search systems present users with heterogeneous information coming from sources of different types, also known as verticals. Evaluating such systems is an important but complex task, which is still far from being solved. In this paper we examine the hypothesis that the use of models that capture user search behavior on heterogeneous result pages helps to improve the quality of offline metrics. We propose two vertical-aware metrics based on user click models for federated search and evaluate them using query logs of the Yandex search engine. We show that depending on the type of vertical, the proposed metrics have higher correlation with online user behavior than other state-of-the-art techniques.
RNA and DNA Integrity Remain Stable in Frozen Tissue After Long-Term Storage at Cryogenic Temperatures: A Report from the Ontario Tumour Bank (2019)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> It is widely assumed that the integrity of tissue specimens remains stable indefinitely if preserved at cryogenic temperatures. With biobanking reaching a level of maturity where samples are increasingly stored for 10 years and beyond, this assumption of prolonged stability should be tested. Data from such an assessment are critical to verify if samples stored for extended durations remain "fit for purpose" or if there is need to reconsider the utility of samples stored beyond a certain timeframe. The Ontario Tumour Bank has been collecting samples since 2004, and assesses a random selection of frozen samples each year for RNA and DNA integrity as a part of ongoing quality control (QC) practices. This historical quality assessment data provide a unique opportunity to assess the impact of extended storage on nucleic acid integrity using replicate samples that remain in the bank in the present day as comparators. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> To examine the stability of fresh-frozen tumor tissue stored at cryogenic temperatures, RNA was extracted and analyzed from 87 cases over 14 disease sites stored long term in vapor-phase liquid nitrogen (LN2) (approximately -180°C). Historical QC data were compared against new data after re-extraction of replicate samples to determine the effect of extended storage on RNA quality. In addition, DNA was extracted from a subselection of samples (<i>n</i> = 20) to determine the effect of prolonged storage on DNA integrity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> No time-dependent decrease in tissue RNA or DNA quality, as measured by RNA integrity number (RIN) and DNA integrity number, was observed over an 11-year period. As a secondary observation, RNA integrity was not predictive of DNA integrity: DNA quality may still be very good, and as such RIN scores should not be used as a substitute indicator for evaluating DNA. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Extended cryogenic storage beyond 2-11 years remains a viable option for maintaining the high quality of specimens in biobanks.
Signal processing techniques to enable concurrent communications in MIMO enabled networks (2009)

In this paper, we present two novel methods to enable concurrent communications in MIMO networks. First method enables an 802.11n MIMO-OFDM receiver to decode independent data streams from two independent 802.11n transmitters concurrently. It is implemented on real time 802.11n based MIMO-OFDM testbeds and the performance of the technique is examined through both simulation and field trials. Second method is a low overhead Concurrent Communications scheme based on Adaptive Interference Cancellation (CC-AIC), which does not require any explicit channel state information (CSI) between the nodes in the network.
Analysis of immunocompetent cells following inner ear immunostimulation (1988)

Immunohistochemical methods were used to investigate the development of inner ear immunocompetent cells in healthy, BALB/c mice over a 3-week period as a result of a secondary inner ear response against keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Antibodies against murine macrophages and granulocytes (anti-Mac-1), T-cells (anti-Lyt-1, anti-Lyt-2), and immunoglobulins (anti-IgM, anti-IgG, anti-IgA) were used. Mac-1 positive (Mac-1+) cells were observed at 6 hours post-challenge in the endolymphatic sac and cochlea and rapidly increased in both sites. Lyt-1+ cells gradually increased in the endolymphatic sac after challenge, peaking at 2 and 3 weeks post-challenge. In the cochlea, Lyt-1+ cells were detected at 1 day post-challenge and then increased. Lyt-2+ cells were detectable in the endolymphatic sac and the cochlea by 3 weeks post-challenge. The predominant immunoglobulin-bearing cell in the endolymphatic sac was IgG, followed by IgM, with IgA seen late in the response. We conclude that the inner ear has the capacity to mount an immune response through the accumulation of the needed immunocompetent cells for antigen processing, antibody production, and modulation of the response through T-helper and suppressor cell activity.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Peptides Using Micro Reactors. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 319: Impact of chemotherapy on lung cancer cells and their microenvironment, evaluated in tridimensional multicellular tumor spheroids (2020)

Abstract Introduction: Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD1 antibody, is approved in non pretreated advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with high expression of PD-L1, more than 50 %, on tumor cells. Conversely, the combination of platinum-based chemotherapy + pembrolizumab in this indication is not restricted to the level of PD-L1 expression. This suggests that chemotherapy could sensitize tumor tissue to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs). Based on those clinical datas, we propose to evaluate the impact of chemotherapy on tumor cells and on their microenvironment by using tridimensional multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). Material and methods: MCTS integrated lung adenocarcinoma cells expressing GFP, fibroblasts with ruby fluorescent protein and monocytes/macrophages from healthy donors. MCTS were treated with repeated and combined chemotherapy drugs (carboplatin and gemcitabine, or carboplatin and paclitaxel), reproducing therapeutic schedules. Different biological factors were analysed : impact of chemotherapy on MCTS morphology, cell viability, invasion abilities, modifications in genes and protein expression profiles using differential gene expression sequencing (DGE-Seq) and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Chemotherapy decreased MCTS size and cell viability. Whereas carboplatin/gemcitabine mainly affected lung cancer cells inside MCTS, carboplatin/paclitaxel seemed to be cytotoxic mainly on peripheral malignant cells. Fibroblasts were resistant to chemotherapy, unlike macrophages which were strongly affected. A large RNA analysis was performed using DGE-Seq and showed that expression of several genes, and notably of CD274 (PD-L1) and CD273 (PD-L2), were induced after treatment. We confirmed PD-L1 up-regulation byflow cytometry. Conclusion: Platinium-based chemotherapy up-regulate immune checkpoints expression in lung cancer cells. Our results are in line with the latest studies performed in mice. They underline that our MCTS model is closed to in vivo conditions. It could be developedas a drug screening tool. Citation Format: Pauline Hulo, Sophie Deshayes, Virginie Dehame, Marc Grégoire, Jaafar Bennouna, Christophe Blanquart. Impact of chemotherapy on lung cancer cells and their microenvironment, evaluated in tridimensional multicellular tumor spheroids [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 319.
Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector (2019)

This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through invisible modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of $\mathrm{SNO}+$. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently deexcite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of $2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{29}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate) for the partial lifetime of the neutron, and $3.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{29}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ for the partial lifetime of the proton, the latter a 70% improvement on the previous limit from SNO. We also present partial lifetime limits for invisible dinucleon modes of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{28}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ for $nn$, $2.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{28}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ for $pn$ and $4.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{28}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ for $pp$, an improvement over existing limits by close to 3 orders of magnitude for the latter two.
Microwave Heating of the Catalyst Bed as a Way of Energy-Saving Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane on a Mo-V-Te-Nb-Ox Catalyst (2022)

In search of a more effective process of ethane oxidative hydrogenation, different operation modes (thermal and microwave heating) are compared. The catalyst Mo<sub>1</sub>-V<sub>0.3</sub>-Te<sub>0.13</sub>-Nb<sub>0.11</sub>-O<sub>x</sub> was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by a set of physicochemical methods (XRD, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption, SEM, EDX). The direct microwave heating of the catalyst layer is proposed as an alternative way of energy-saving ethane-to-ethylene oxidation by a Mo-V-Te-Nb-O<sub>x</sub> system. A substantial decrease in the reactor temperature upon the microwave-assisted process is accompanied by extremely high catalyst selectivity, which remains at a very high level of 98+%.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGHT‐INDUCED REACTIONS, XIII. ON THE SECO‐ISOMERIC DIENYLKETENE RELATED TO 2,4‐ANDROSTADIEN‐1‐ONE (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Steroid (Ia) wird durch Chromsäure‐Oxidation zu (Ib), nachfolgende Bromierung zu den Isomeren (IIa) und (IIb) und Dehydrobromierung von (IIa) oder (IIb) das steroidale Cyclohexadienon (III) gewonnen; dieses geht photochemisch in das Diastereomere (IV) über (Ausbildung eines photostationären Gleichgewichtes; der jeweilige Anteil im Gleichgewicht hängt von der Wellenlänge des Lichtes ab (ausführliche Untersuchungen)).
Visualization of Sperm Accessory Structures in the Mammalian Spermatids, Spermatozoa, and Zygotes by Immunofluorescence, Confocal, and Immunoelectron Microscopy (2004)

Mammalian fertilization is traditionally viewed as a process during which the fertilizing spermatozoon penetrates the egg vestments to plant its chromosomes into the fertile environment of oocyte cytoplasm. Much less attention has been paid to the events that occur between gamete fusion and first embryonic cleavage. The interaction of the mammalian spermatozoa with the oocyte during and after gamete fusion is a complex and meticulously orchestrated cascade of events that can come to a halt at any given stage, resulting in pathological conditions. Researching these “late” events of fertilization and pro-nuclear development is a major challenge, which will be undoubtedly rewarded by new knowledge and, in the long term, by the improved treatments of infertility in humans and improved reproductive performance in farm animals. The fate of various sperm accessory structures came under scrutiny recently, as it became obvious that in addition to the sperm-borne chromosomes, other structures of the fertilizing spermatozoon make important contributions to the mammalian zygote (1). Yet other sperm accessory structures are degraded in an orderly fashion as to not interfere with normal embryo development. These include the sperm proximal centriole, perinuclear theca, sperm mitochondria, and axonemal fibrous sheath and outer dense fibers.
Accuracy enhancement of function-oriented web image classification (2005)

We propose a function-oriented classification of web images and show new applications using this categorization. We defined nine categories of images taking into account of their functions used in web pages, and classified web images by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) in tree structured way. In order to achieve high accuracy of classification, we employed two kinds of features, image-based features and text-based features, and the two kinds can be used together or separately for the stages of the classification. We also utilized DCT coefficients to classify photo images and illustrations. As a result, accurate classification has been achieved. Finally, we show the page summarization as a new application that is made feasible for the first time by our new categories of WWW images.
High power factor control for single-phase to three-phase power converter without reactor and electrolytic capacitor (2008)

This paper proposes a novel control strategy for IPMSM drive system. The proposed single-phase to three-phase power converter does not require a reactor and an electrolytic capacitor at dc-link, and obtains unity input power factor. The proposed control method improves the source current waveform at any load conditions by using the feedback control. The proposed control system is constructed by using DSP. This paper also proposes the compensation method for the phase delay caused by the sampling period. The superior performances of proposed method demonstrate through the experimental results. The maximum power factor obtains 96.8[%] by the experimental result.
Aerodynamic Comparison of Straight Edge and Swept Edge Wind Turbine Blade (2009)

= oncoming wind speed � = density of air A = swept area of rotor Pmax = maximum power that can be extracted from wind T = thrust force L = lift force Va = apparent wind speed Cl = coefficient of wind � = angle of twist R = radius of rotor r = local radius C = chord length � = tip speed ratio B = number of blades I. Abstract Recently there has been an increase in the demand for the utilization of clean renewable energy sources. This is a direct result of the volatility in oil prices and an increased awareness of human induced climate change. Wind energy has been shown to be one of the most promising sources of renewable energy. With current technology, the low cost of wind energy is competitive with more conventional sources of energy such as coal. Most blades available for commercial grade wind turbines incorporate a straight span wise profile and airfoil shaped cross sections. These blades are found to be very efficient at lower wind speeds in comparison to the potential energy that can be extracted. However as the oncoming wind speed increases the efficiency of the blades decreases as they approaches a stall point. This paper explores the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the blades at higher wind speeds while maintaining efficiency at the lower wind speeds. The design intends to maintain efficiency at lower wind speeds by selecting the appropriate orientation and size of the airfoil cross sections based on a low oncoming wind speed and given constant rotation rate. The blades will be made more efficient at higher wind speeds by implementing a swept blade profile. The torque generated from a blade using only the first optimization technique is compared to that generated from a blade using both techniques as well as that generated by NTK500/41 turbine using LM19.1 blades. Performance will be investigated using the CFD solver FLUENT.