gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Die Aktivierung des Komplementsystems nach Polytrauma korreliert mit der Invasivität der Frakturversorgung (2020)

Fragestellung Das Komplementsystem ist Teil des angeborenen Immunsystems und wird durch schweres Trauma aktiviert. Die Aktivierung des Komplementsystems ist mit Lungen- und Multiorganversagen sowie mit einer erhöhten Mortalität bei schwerverletzen Patienten assoziiert. Das Ziel der Studie war es, die Komplementaktivierung nach experimentellem Polytrauma in Schweinen in vivo, sowie die Effekte der Komplementaktivierungsprodukte C3a und C5a auf humane Kardiomyozyten in vitro im Kontext der post-traumatischen kardialen Dysfunktion zu untersuchen. Zusätzlich sollte der Einfluss des Aufbohrens des Femurschaftes auf die Aktivierung des Komplementsystems untersucht werden.
Predicted neoantigen load in non-hypermutated endometrial cancers: Correlation with outcome and tumor-specific genomic alterations (2016)

Elevated neoantigen load has been previously correlated with improved outcome and response to immune checkpoint blockade in various tumor types. In endometrial cancer, previous studies of neoantigen load prediction have shown that the hypermutated MSI and <i>POLE</i>-mutated tumors harbor significantly higher predicted neoantigen load compared to the hypomutated CN-low/endometrioid and CN-high/serous-like tumors. Here, we report that predicted neoantigen load may be a prognostic factor in hypomutated endometrial cancers, both in CN-low/endometrioid and CN-high/serous-like tumors. Specifically, in the TCGA dataset, CN-low/endometrioid tumors with neoantigen load in the highest tertile were associated with significantly improved progression free survival (PFS) (p = 0.031), while CN-high/serous-like tumors with neoantigen load in the lowest tertile were associated with worse PFS (p = 0.041). Importantly, certain tumor-specific genomic alterations were enriched in tumors with lower neoantigen load, including <i>CTNNB1</i> mutations in CN-low/endometrioid tumors and <i>MYC</i> amplification and <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations in CN-high/serous-like tumors. These findings suggest that predicted neoantigen load and specific genomic alterations (such as <i>CTNNB1</i> mutations, <i>MYC</i> amplification and <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations) may be biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in hypomutated endometrial cancers, and argues that these exploratory biomarkers should be incorporated in clinical trials of immune checkpoint blockade in this disease.
Reservoir Baffling Seen by Disequilibrium of DFA Fluid Gradients and by Wireline Pressure Transients and DSTs (2016)

Abstract In this reservoir study, three adjacent structures have been subject to largely the same fluid charge with an original oil charge and a very recent light hydrocarbon charge (all indicated by petreolum systems modeling and organic geochemical analyses). In addition, all wells have an oil-water contact (OWC) and two have a gas-oil contact (GOC), while the GOC in the third well is not far away. Thus, all depth-dependent in-reservoir fluid geodynamic processes are visible within each well; no extrapolation away from the wells is required. Moreover, the ~30 meter oil columns in evidently connected sands are amenable to simple dynamic modeling thereby aiding in understanding. All three structures are found to have very different reservoir realizations, particualry regarding the dispositions of asphaltenes in spite of nominally similar initiation conditions after the secondary charge. That is, different reservoir fluid geodynamic processes took place producing different constraints on production in each of the structures. One well showed a light oil underlain by a tar mat. A second well showed large, disequilibrium gradients of gas-oil ratio (GOR) and asphaltene content without phase separated asphaltenes in core. The third well showed a tar mat on a shale break in the oil column not far form the GOC. There were no asphaltenes in core above the shale break and tar mat. However, below the shale break there was asphaltene throughout the core while retaining permeability, but no tar mat on the OWC. These differences were not ascribed to any paleo-OWC nor are they related to differing biodegradation. In addition, these differences are not consistent with any depressurization expalanation. To resolve the differences, a variety of data streams were used including downhole fluid analysis coupled with thermodynamic analysis from the Flory-Huggins-Zuo Equation of State (FHZ EoS) and its reliance on the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltenes. In addition, well test results provide key production information and are corroborated by vertical intereference testing on wireline. Petroleum system modeling and organic geochemical analysis of oil and core extract samples have also been very useful. The differences seen in the different wells relate to several important parameters such as the different extent of baffling which impacts both production rates as well as equilibration rates of reservoir fluids. Another key parameter is the extent of density stacking versus a lateral fluid front for the secondary light hydrocarbon charge. Proximity to the charge point enhances the lateral nature of the charge yielding rapid asphaltene instability precluding tar mat formation in sections of the well. This information is very useful when projecting reservoir properties away form wellbore.
Resource thrifty secure mobile video transfers on open WiFi networks (2013)

Video transfers using smartphones are becoming increasingly popular. To prevent the interception of content from eavesdroppers, video flows must be encrypted. However, encryption results in a cost in terms of processing delays and energy consumed on the user's device. We argue that encrypting only certain parts of the flow can create sufficiently high distortion at an eavesdropper preserving content confidentiality as a result. By selective encryption, one can reduce delay and the battery consumption on the mobile device. We develop a mathematical framework that captures the impact of the encryption process on the delay experienced by a flow, and the distortion seen by an eavesdropper. This provides a quick and efficient way of determining the right parts of a video flow that must be encrypted to preserve confidentiality, while limiting performance penalties. In practice, it can aid a user in choosing the right level of encryption. We validate our model via extensive experiments with different encryption policies using Android smartphones. We observe that by selectively encrypting parts of a video flow one can preserve the confidentiality while reducing delay by as much as 75% and the energy consumption by as much as 92%.
Figure S6 from High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Triggers Immune Sensitization of Refractory Murine Neuroblastoma to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S6. Effect of Î±CTLA-4 + Î±PD-L1 only at 24 and 48 hrs after last checkpoint inhibitor dose on IFN-Æ".&lt;/p&gt;
Validation Test Report for the ADvanced CIRCulation Model (ADCIRC) v45.11 (2010)

Abstract : The Validation Test Report for the Advanced CIRCulation Model, ADCIRC, v45.11 addresses the prediction of barotropic 2D and 3D currents, water levels and inundation. Validation efforts address 1) the wetting and drying capability, 2) the prediction of surge, inundation and surge-induced currents, 3) the prediction of two- and three-dimensional currents and water levels in a bay, and 4) the prediction of three-dimensional tidal currents in the wake of an island. Lastly, a simulated real-time exercise with the model is conducted during the international sea trial, MREA07, and is used to evaluate the developed enabling software as well as the prediction of 2D barotropic currents. Generally, model predictions of evaluated products are reasonably accurate and realistic for truly barotropic applications. More work is needed to better assess the impact of boundary condition specification on predictive capability and to determine the model sensitivity to the 3D turbulence closure formulation and parameter selection.
Improved modulation Technique for voltage fed quasi-Z-source DC/DC converter (2014)

A new shoot-through pulse width modulation (PWM) technique for voltage fed quasi-Z-source DC/DC converters is presented. One advantage of the technique is it minimizes switching losses in the converter by minimizing the number of switching commutations of the active devices in the intermediate H-bridge. The duration of the active and shoot-through states are independently controllable, allowing the shoot-through duty cycle to reach its maximum limit (D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st, max</sub> = 0.5), thus enabling a high voltage gain suitable for applications with renewable energy sources (fuel cells, photovoltaics) and other applications requiring a large voltage boost. In addition, the switches achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) which reduce EMI and improves efficiency of the converter. A 500W prototype converter was implemented demonstrating improved performance with the new modulation technique.
Ion Exchange Nanoparticles for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery (2020)

We report here on ion-exchange polymeric nanoparticles from a linear copolymer of maleic anhydride methyl vinyl ether esterified with 30% octadecanol. The side chains for the polymer structure were optimized through metadynamics simulations, which revealed the use of octadecanol esters generates ideal free energy surfaces for drug encapsulation and release. Nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvent evaporation-precipitation method by mixing the polymer solution in acetone into water; upon acetone evaporation, a nanodispersion with an average particle size of ∼150 nm was obtained. Gentamicin sulfate, possessing five amino groups, was spontaneously entrapped in the nanocarrier by ionic interactions. Encapsulation efficiency increases significantly with the increase in pH and ionic strength. In vivo results demonstrate high gentamicin (GM) content in the enteric chamber (AUC 8207 ± 1334 (μg min)/mL) compared to 3% GM solution (AUC 2024 ± 438 (μg min)/mL). The formulation was also able to significantly extend the release of gentamicin when applied to rabbit cornea. These anionic nanoparticles can be used for extended-release of other cationic drugs.
Synthesis and characterization of retro gramicidin A‐dAla‐gramicidin A, a 31‐residue‐long gramicidin analogue (1989)

A 31‐residue peptide, retro gramicidin A‐ d Ala‐gramicidin A, mimicking a gramicidin A dimer was prepared by solid phase method using a 4‐(oxymethyl)‐Pam resin and BOC as α amino protecting group. To avoid any possible formation of gramicidin A, couplings of fragments were used together with stepwise growing of the peptide chain. After purification by silica gel chromatography, this peptide was shown to form long living channels in lipid bilayer. Preliminary physicochemical investigations suggest that the peptide does not adopt the expected π 6.3 DL helical conformation.
Scalable Synthesis of InAs Quantum Dots Mediated through Indium Redox Chemistry (2020)

Next-generation optoelectronic applications centered in the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength regimes require high-quality materials. Among these materials, colloidal InAs quantum dots (QDs) stand out as an infrared-active candidate material for biological imaging, lighting, and sensing applications. Despite significant development of their optical properties, the synthesis of InAs QDs still routinely relies on hazardous, commercially unavailable precursors. Herein, we describe a straightforward single hot injection procedure revolving around In(I)Cl as the key precursor. Acting as a simultaneous reducing agent and In source, In(I)Cl smoothly reacts with a tris(amino)arsenic precursor to yield colloidal InAs quantitatively and at gram scale. Tuning the reaction temperature produces InAs cores with a first excitonic absorption feature in the range of 700-1400 nm. A dynamic disproportionation equilibrium between In(I), In metal, and In(III) opens up additional flexibility in precursor selection. CdSe shell growth on the produced cores enhances their optical properties, furnishing particles with center emission wavelengths between 1000 and 1500 nm and narrow photoluminescence full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of about 120 meV throughout. The simplicity, scalability, and tunability of the disclosed precursor platform are anticipated to inspire further research on In-based colloidal QDs.
Micromachined electrostatic vertical actuator (2023)

A micromachined vertical actuator utilizing a levitational force, such as in electrostatic comb drives, provides vertical actuation that is relatively linear in actuation for control, and can be readily combined with parallel plate capacitive position sensing for position control. The micromachined electrostatic vertical actuator provides accurate movement in the sub-micron to micron ranges which is desirable in the phase modulation instrument, such as optical phase shifting. For example, compact, inexpensive, and position controllable micromirrors utilizing an electrostatic vertical actuator can replace the large, expensive, and difficult-to-maintain piezoelectric actuators. A thirty pound piezoelectric actuator with corner cube reflectors, as utilized in a phase shifting diffraction interferometer can be replaced with a micromirror and a lens. For any very precise and small amplitudes of motion` micromachined electrostatic actuation may be used because it is the most compact in size, with low power consumption and has more straightforward sensing and control options.
Quantitative measurement of charge accumulation along a quasi-one-dimensional W5O14 nanowire during electron field emission (2020)

We use an electron holographic method to determine the charge distribution along a quasi-one-dimensional W5O14 nanowire during in situ field emission in a transmission electron microscope. The results show that the continuous charge distribution along the nanowire is not linear, but that there is an additional accumulation of charge at its apex. An analytical expression for this additional contribution to the charge distribution is proposed and its effect on the field enhancement factor and emission current is discussed.
Data from A selective small-molecule nuclear factor-κB inhibitor from a high-throughput cell-based assay for “activator protein-1 hits” (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;NSC 676914 has been identified as a selective nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor that does not inhibit cell proliferation. This compound was originally identified in a high-throughput cell-based assay for activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitors using synthetic compound libraries and the National Cancer Institute natural product repository. NSC 676914 shows activity against NF-κB in luciferase reporter assays at concentrations much less than the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; for AP-1. A serum response element reporter used as a specificity control and indicator of cell proliferation was relatively insensitive to the compound. Pretreatment with NSC 676914 is here shown to repress 12-&lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)–induced IκB-α phosphorylation and translocation of p65/50 to the nucleus but not the processing of p52 from p100, suggesting the inhibition of NF-κB regulator IKKβ rather than IKKα. Inhibition of NF-κB activation occurred as a consequence of blocking phosphorylation of IKK. Induction of IκB-α phosphorylation by TPA was diminished by pretreatment of NSC 676914 even at 1.1 μmol/L. In contrast, kinases c-Jun-NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, important for AP-1 activation, showed no significant repression by this compound. Furthermore, a Matrigel invasion assay with breast cancer cell lines and a transformation assay in mouse JB6 cells revealed that TPA-induced invasion and transformation responses were completely repressed by this compound. These results suggest that NSC 676914 could be a novel inhibitor having potential therapeutic activity to target NF-κB for cancer treatment or prevention. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(3):571–81]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Co-channel interference cancellation with successive cancellation in narrowband TDMA systems (2002)

In this paper, successive cancellation of co-channel signals is described in the context of TDMA mobile radio systems employing coherent receivers. Both symbol aligned and misaligned co-channel signals are studied. Signal separability, which is a major problem in successive cancellation of co-channel signals, is obtained using the relative timing delay between co-channel signals. Both hard and soft subtractions are examined. Soft subtraction, where the estimated values are weighted with some reliability measure, leads to significant C/I gains for both coded and uncoded bits.
A 2.7 pJ/cycle 16 MHz, 0.7 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu\text{W}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Deep Sleep Power ARM Cortex-M0+ Core SoC in 28 nm FD-SOI (2018)

The design of ultra-low-voltage microcontroller (MCU) systems with high energy-efficiency operations is a key concept to achieve fully autonomous energy-harvesting powered Internet-of-Things applications. In this paper, a system-on-chip (SoC) is presented, embedding an ARM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> Cortex <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> -M0+ MCU, 2×4 KB SRAM, an ultra-low power frequency synthesizer, a custom power switch, and a power management unit enabling the active and sleep modes. The 28 nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) technology has been used to fabricate the device. The whole system operates at a fixed voltage of 0.5 V, and can switch from active and sleep/deep sleep modes, adjusting its frequency from 16 to 8 MHz or 32 kHz in one cycle upon energy availability. Silicon measurements report an SoC's power consumption of 2.7 pJ/cycle at 16 MHz during active mode, and a total power consumption of 0.7 μW during deep sleep mode. By combining frequency and power modes switching with extra reverse body-biasing, the system power consumption is drastically reduced by 2× and 61× in, respectively, sleep and deep sleep modes.
Beam-mode calculations of a strongly pumped solid-state rod laser with an unstable resonator (1994)

A polarization-sensitive two-dimensional wave-optics simulation was constructed to handle the birefringence of strongly pumped solid-state rods. The simulation showed that 1.2 times diffraction-limited high-quality beams can be generated from a strongly pumped solid-state rod by use of an unstable resonator without degradation of the beam quality by the thermally induced birefringence in the rod.
Ovonic Memory Switching in Multimaterial Fibers (2011)

Abstract We demonstrate the first rewritable memory in thermally drawn fibers. A high tellurium‐content chalcogenide glass, contacted by metallic electrodes internal to the fiber structure, is drawn from a macroscopic preform. An externally applied voltage is utilized to switch between a high resistance (OFF) and a low resistance (ON) state; this in turn allows the fibers to function as a memory device reminiscent of the ovonic switch. The difference between the ON and OFF states is found to be four orders of magnitude. The glass–crystal phase transition is localized to micrometer‐wide filaments, whose position can be optically controlled along the fiber axis. An architecture that enabled the encoding of multiple bits per fiber is described.
Frequency-domain under-modelled blind system identification based on cross power spectrum and sparsity regularization (2017)

In room acoustics, under-modelled multichannel blind system identification (BSI) aims to estimate the early part of the room impulse responses (RIRs), and it can be widely used in applications such as speaker localization, room geometry identification and beamforming based speech dereverberation. In this paper we extend our recent study on under-modelled BSI from the time domain to the frequency domain, such that the RIRs can be updated frame-wise and the efficiency of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is exploited to reduce the computational complexity. Analogous to the cross-correlation based criterion in the time domain, a frequency-domain cross power spectrum based criterion is proposed. As the early RIRs are usually sparse, the RIRs are estimated by jointly maximizing the cross power spectrum based criterion in the frequency domain and minimizing the l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm sparsity measure in the time domain. A two-stage LMS updating algorithm is derived to achieve joint optimization of these two targets. The experimental results in different under-modelled scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Numerical Simulation of Growth of Flames Formed in Two-Dimensional Mixing Layer. 2nd Report. Effect of Dilution of Fuel. (1994)

This paper deals with numerical simulations of a laminar reactive two-dimensional mixing layer. We have especially focussed on the early stage of flame growth. The effects of fuel dilution and coherent vortices on their flame structures are discussed. The simulations are based on a modified HSMAC method. Fast and slow fluids are the fuel and oxidizer, respectively. The velocity ratio is 4 : 1. The fuel is diluted by nitrogen. An oxygen mass fraction of the oxidizer is fixed at 0.27. The simulations have been applied to three cases of methane mass fractions of 1, 0.3, and 0.2. As a result, it is revealed that three flows occur at the leading edge of the undiluted flame, which are attributed to two separated approach flows and one accelerated flow in the flame. The dilution causes blow-off. Blow-off may well be determined by the first Damkohler number based on the hydrodynamic characteristic time of coherent vortices and the chemical characteristic time of the propagation of the partial premixed flame at the leading edge.
How to Establish Successful Cooperative Student Learning Centers for STEM Courses (2003)

Students learn more if they are actively involved in the learning process, particularly in a cooperative manner. Several UMR faculty have operated course-based learning centers (LCs) as part of the campus-wide Learning Enhancement Across Disciplines (LEAD) Program of student learning assistance and enhancement. LCs are designed to assist large numbers of students in a cost- and time-efficient manner that promotes student engagement without requiring undue amounts of faculty time. Course instructors spend time in the open learning environment of the LC, in lieu of office hours, guiding students to master course material and skills in their evolution from novice to expert techniques. The goals are to build student self-confidence through direct interaction with role models and to develop teamwork skills. LCs can be much more attractive to students than faculty office hours or traditional tutoring because they satisfy the social elements of student learning communities. However, there are a few simple practical elements instructors should orchestrate to generate high-volume LC usage. We will discuss practical issues of establishing and operating successful learning centers for STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) courses.
FAM19A4 methylation analysis in self-samples compared with cervical scrapes for detecting cervical (pre)cancer in HPV-positive women (2016)

FAM19A4 methylation analysis in hrHPV-positive self-samples had a slightly lower sensitivity and a higher specificity for ⩾CIN3 compared with paired physician-taken scrapes. With a similarly good clinical performance in both sample types, combined FAM19A4 methylation analysis and HPV16/18 genotyping provides a feasible triage strategy for hrHPV-positive women, with direct applicability on self-samples.