gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF STRIDE PERIOD ON THE VERTICAL GROUND REACTIONFORCE DURING WALKING (1998)

1916 At self selected walking speeds, humans naturally employ a stride period consistent with the resonant period predicted by a modified force driven harmonic oscillator (FDHO) model. Metabolic cost is also minimized at self selected walking speeds, thus resonance has been suggested as the mechanism responsible for the self-optimization of gait. It is unclear whether other performance advantages accompany the use of this biomechanical strategy, such as minimization of ground reaction force loads. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stride period and the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during locomotion. It was hypothesized that the first active vertical peak force (F1) would be minimized at the FDHO predicted stride period. Fourteen subjects (73.9 kg, 1.7 m, 28.4 y) were required to walk at a constant treadmill velocity during four stride period conditions: preferred, FDHO predicted and ± 15% of predicted. Stride period and the VGRF data were collected (1200 Hz) from a Gaitway treadmill equipped with two Kistler force plates. A paired t-test (p<0.05) was used to contrast preferred and predicted stride periods. A repeated measures ANOVA (p<0.05) and a trend analysis were implemented to investigate the effect of stride period on the F1 VGRF data. TableTableNo differences were found between preferred and predicted stride periods. The F1 VGRF demonstrated a significant quadratic (U-shaped) curve with a minimum at the predicted stride period condition. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons (Bonferroni) of the F1 VGRF revealed a significant difference between predicted and - 15% stride period conditions. Collectively, these data indicate that individuals optimize the F1 VGRF when they naturally adopt a stride period predicted by a modified FDHO model.
Automatic airway segmentation from computed tomography using robust and efficient 3-D convolutional neural networks (2021)

This paper presents a fully automatic and end-to-end optimised airway segmentation method for thoracic computed tomography, based on the U-Net architecture. We use a simple and low-memory 3D U-Net as backbone, which allows the method to process large 3D image patches, often comprising full lungs, in a single pass through the network. This makes the method simple, robust and efficient. We validated the proposed method on three datasets with very different characteristics and various airway abnormalities: (1) a dataset of pediatric patients including subjects with cystic fibrosis, (2) a subset of the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial, including subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and (3) the EXACT'09 public dataset. We compared our method with other state-of-the-art airway segmentation methods, including relevant learning-based methods in the literature evaluated on the EXACT'09 data. We show that our method can extract highly complete airway trees with few false positive errors, on scans from both healthy and diseased subjects, and also that the method generalizes well across different datasets. On the EXACT'09 test set, our method achieved the second highest sensitivity score among all methods that reported good specificity.
Mapping and structural analysis of B-cell epitopes on the morbillivirus nucleoprotein amino terminus (2007)

By analysing the antigenic structure of the morbillivirus nucleoprotein (N) using a competitive-binding assay of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), six different antigenic sites were identified previously. By using Pepscan methodology complemented by analysis of truncated N proteins, a better characterization of five of these antigenic sites was provided: I, II, III, IV and VI. mAbs specific to Rinderpest virus, defining antigenic sites II, III and IV, and those common to four morbilliviruses, delineating sites I and VI, were analysed in the present study. It was found that all but one mapped to the same region, between aa 120 and 149 of N. However, the mAb 3-1 epitope was located in the carboxy-terminal region (aa 421-525). This result may indicate the high immunogenicity of the amino-terminal variable region, at least in the mouse. It was surprising that the epitope of mAb 33-4, antigenic site VI, which recognized all morbilliviruses so far tested, was located in one of the two non-conserved regions between morbillivirus N proteins. It is shown that the conserved amino acid motif (126)EAD(128)----(131)F-------(148)EN(149) is critical for epitope constitution and recognition.
Voltage Waveform Transient Identification for Autonomous Load Coordination (2019)

Significant electrical loads such as HVAC systems can be made “aware” of the operation of other loads nearby in the electric grid. Local examination of the utility voltage waveform can provide this awareness without the need for a dedicated communication network. This is particularly true in low-inertia microgrids and “soft” sections of a utility network. This paper presents techniques for extracting frequency and voltage harmonic transients corresponding to individual load events. With data collected from a microgrid energized by diesel generators, we demonstrate the ability to identify the operation of HVAC units and generator dispatch events from their transient effects on the voltage using a cross-correlation based scoring algorithm. Ultimately, incorporating such awareness into load controllers allows loads to autonomously meet system-level objectives in addition to their individual requirements. For example, HVAC units could maintain occupant comfort while also reducing the utility's peak aggregate electrical demand by consuming electricity on a schedule interleaved with the operation of other nearby HVAC units.
Deep Siamese Networks toward Robust Visual Tracking (2019)

Recently, Siamese neural networks have been widely used in visual object tracking to leverage the template matching mechanism. Siamese network architecture contains two parallel streams to estimate the similarity between two inputs and has the ability to learn their discriminative features. Various deep Siamese-based tracking frameworks have been proposed to estimate the similarity between the target and the search region. In this chapter, we categorize deep Siamese networks into three categories by the position of the merging layers as late merge, intermediate merge and early merge architectures. In the late merge architecture, inputs are processed as two separate streams and merged at the end of the network, while in the intermediate merge architecture, inputs are initially processed separately and merged intermediate well before the final layer. Whereas in the early merge architecture, inputs are combined at the start of the network and a unified data stream is processed by a single convolutional neural network. We evaluate the performance of deep Siamese trackers based on the merge architectures and their output such as similarity score, response map, and bounding box in various tracking challenges. This chapter will give an overview of the recent development in deep Siamese trackers and provide insights for the new developments in the tracking field.
Evidence for inhibited diffraction of light propagating through nanolaminate metallodielectric material (2007)

We report the fabrication and characterization of laterally continuous silver layers alternated with glassy amorphous polycarbonate films with the thickness of each layer much less than the wavelength. Such films exhibit physical phenomena associated with the coupled plasmon resonances. We have characterized light propagation through the resulting metal-dielectric (MD) periodic structures using collection mode Near Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM). In agreement with published theoretical models, our experiments provide evidence that diffraction can be inhibited for light propagating through metallodielectric nanolaminate.
Effects of droplet diameter on the Leidenfrost temperature of laser processed multiscale structured surfaces (2014)

In this paper, an experimental investigation of the effects of droplet diameters on the Leidenfrost temperature and its shifts has been carried out. Tests were conducted on a 304 stainless steel polished surface and a stainless steel surface which was processed by a femtosecond laser to form Above Surface Growth (ASG) nano/microstructures. To determine the Leidenfrost temperatures, the droplet lifetime method was employed for both the polished and processed surfaces. A precision dropper was used to vary the size of droplets from 1.5 to 4 millimeters. The Leidenfrost temperature was shown to display shifts as high as 85 °C on the processed surface over the range of droplet sizes, as opposed to a 45 °C shift on the polished surface. The difference between the shifts was attributed to the nature of the force balance between dynamic pressure of droplets and vapor pressure of the insulating vapor layer.
Recording inner life (2010)

"Recording Inner Life" is the title of my master's thesis. It is a system to express the "inner life" (feelings, affects, and emotions) and record them on a long-term basis into a computational system. In contrast to a lot of the research in the field of affective computing this project is not dedicated to enable machines to detect human emotions but to allow an adequate input for emotions. It presents "MyInnerLife", a physical input device to express and record emotions non-verbally.
Platelet-like Nanoparticles: Mimicking Shape, Flexibility, and Surface Biology of Platelets To Target Vascular Injuries (2014)

Targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents in the vascular compartment represents a significant hurdle in using nanomedicine for treating hemorrhage, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. While several types of nanoparticles have been developed to meet this goal, their utility is limited by poor circulation, limited margination, and minimal targeting. Platelets have an innate ability to marginate to the vascular wall and specifically interact with vascular injury sites. These platelet functions are mediated by their shape, flexibility, and complex surface interactions. Inspired by this, we report the design and evaluation of nanoparticles that exhibit platelet-like functions including vascular injury site-directed margination, site-specific adhesion, and amplification of injury site-specific aggregation. Our nanoparticles mimic four key attributes of platelets, (i) discoidal morphology, (ii) mechanical flexibility, (iii) biophysically and biochemically mediated aggregation, and (iv) heteromultivalent presentation of ligands that mediate adhesion to both von Willebrand Factor and collagen, as well as specific clustering to activated platelets. Platelet-like nanoparticles (PLNs) exhibit enhanced surface-binding compared to spherical and rigid discoidal counterparts and site-selective adhesive and platelet-aggregatory properties under physiological flow conditions in vitro. In vivo studies in a mouse model demonstrated that PLNs accumulate at the wound site and induce ∼65% reduction in bleeding time, effectively mimicking and improving the hemostatic functions of natural platelets. We show that both the biochemical and biophysical design parameters of PLNs are essential in mimicking platelets and their hemostatic functions. PLNs offer a nanoscale technology that integrates platelet-mimetic biophysical and biochemical properties for potential applications in injectable synthetic hemostats and vascularly targeted payload delivery.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis with Metalloporphyrin Catalysts (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rated Starting Performance of Solid Pole Synchronous Motors from Reduced Voltage Factory Tests (2007)

The starting performance of 5-60 MW solid-pole salient synchronous motors having 4 or 6 poles is discussed. The rated performance derived by voltage-scaling from reduced-voltage factory tests, is compared against onsite measurements and rated-voltage factory tests. Issues addressed by the paper are the need for: accurate but practical measurement methods, individual focus upon the average and the pulsating torques, stringent test floors procedures (when collecting reduced voltage tests data), reliable voltage scaling factors, correct interpretation of relevant Institute of electrical and electronic engineers guidelines, and finally, the role of the load (inertia) in defining the starting performance of synchronous motors. Shown is that even the best of existing voltage scaling methods do not allow a true estimation of onsite measurements due to the absence of the load (inertia) during reduced voltage factory tests. The electrical measurement method is found to be the most practical and accurate method for the measurement of pulsating torques. A need for clearer IEEE scaling recommendations that also consider the load in addition to voltage effects is corroborated.
Micro-ondes en synthèse organique (2016)

Cet article fait le point sur la mise en œuvre du chauffage par micro-ondes pour la synthese organique. L’approche developpee ici balaie plusieurs aspects : elle apporte les connaissances indispensables sur la thermique micro-onde, la technologie des systemes micro-ondes et les capteurs associes, liste les avantages et les limites au travers d’exemples de reactions organiques et propose des preconisations. Le sujet est aborde avec une vision combinee chimie et genie des procedes.
Supplementary Figure 1 from β-Mannosylceramide Activates Type I Natural Killer T Cells to Induce Tumor Immunity without Inducing Long-Term Functional Anergy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 680K, Mice were injected i.p. with 2.4, 0.48, 0.24 or 0.048 nmol of a-GalCer or vehicle control. After 1 month, splenocytes were harvested and restimulated in vitro with 100 nM a-GalCer or vehicle. IFN-g in culture supernatants was measured after 48 hours of stimulation. Representatives of at least 2 replicate experiments are shown. Bars represent mean plus-minus SD; *, statistically significantly different from vehicle control stimulation; #, statistically significant from corresponding stimulation in vehicle pretreated group p&lt;0.05.&lt;/p&gt;
Modeling Particle Size Distribution (PSD) in Emulsion Copolymerization Reactions in a Continuous Loop Reactor (2001)

A detailed dynamic mathematical model that describes the evolution of particle size distributions (PSDs) during emulsion copolymerization reactions in a continuous loop reactor was developed and compared with experimental data. The model is based on the assumption that two distinct particle populations exist: precursor particles and stable latex particles. Precursor particles are colloidally unstable and therefore may undergo coagulation with other precursors and be absorbed by stable latex particles. It is shown that the kinetic model is able to reproduce the rather complex dynamic behavior of the vinyl acetate/Veova10 emulsion copolymerization in a continuous loop reactor, including the development of oscillatory responses of PSDs during reaction start-up. It is also shown that, for the studied polymerization system, oscillatory responses are obtained only when both particle populations are assumed to exist and when both coagulative and micellar particle nucleations are simultaneously considered.
Phase Coherent Synthesis of Optical Frequencies and Waveforms (2002)

Precision phase control of an ultrawide-bandwidth optical-frequency comb has produced remarkable and unexpected progress in both areas of optical-frequency metrology and ultrafast optics. A frequency comb (with 100 MHz spacing) spanning an entire optical octave (&amp;gt;300 THz) has been produced, corresponding to millions of marks on a frequency "ruler" that are stable at the Hz level. The precision comb has been used to establish a simple optical clock based on an optical transition of iodine molecules, providing an rf clock signal with a frequency stability comparable to that of an optical standard, and which is superior to almost all conventional rf sources. To realize a high-power cw optical frequency synthesizer, a separate, widely tunable single-frequency cw laser has been employed to randomly access the stabilized optical comb and lock to any desired comb component. Carrier-envelope phase stabilization of few-cycle optical pulses has recently been realized. This advance in femtosecond technology is important for both extreme non-linear optics and optical-frequency metrology. With two independent femtosecond lasers, we have not only synchronized their relative pulse timing at the femtosecond level, but have also phase-locked their carrier frequencies, thus establishing phase coherence between the two lasers. By coherently stitching the optical bandwidth together, a "synthesized" pulse has been generated with its 2nd-order autocorrelation signal displaying a shorter width than those of the two "parent" lasers.
A machine learning platform to estimate anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities (2020)

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;Strategies for drug discovery and repositioning are an urgent need with respect to COVID-19. Here we present "REDIAL-2020", a suite of computational models for estimating small molecule activities in a range of SARS-CoV-2 related assays. Models were trained using publicly available, high throughput screening data and by employing different descriptor types and various machine learning strategies. Here we describe the development and the usage of eleven models spanning across the areas of viral entry, viral replication, live virus infectivity, in vitro infectivity and human cell toxicity. REDIAL-2020 is available as a web application through the DrugCentral web portal (http://drugcentral.org/Redial). In addition, the web-app provides similarity search results that display the most similar molecules to the query, as well as associated experimental data. REDIAL-2020 can serve as a rapid online tool for identifying active molecules for COVID-19 treatment. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Helium Ion Microscopy with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (HIM-SIMS) for the analysis and quantitation of polyolefins (2020)

Petroleum based polyolefin plastics makeup a large part of the multicomponent/multiphase plastics we use in our daily lives. Multiple plastics are often compounded, laminated or coextruded in these multicomponent systems creating multiple phases and interfaces of varying strengths. Significant opportunity exists in developing strategies for enhancing interfacial properties as well as facilitating disposal of polyolefin plastics by upcycling of polymeric products for reuse. Thus, interfaces and chemically distinct phases in these materials need to be probed structurally and chemically at the relevant length scales. To date, chemical imaging of polymer and polymer blends has been primarily accomplished using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to directly visualize the distribution of components in a complex material with spatial resolution ranging from 100 nm to 5μm. However, in many cases this resolution falls far short of visualizing interfaces directly. To overcome these limitations recent work has focused on developing a SIMS detection system based on the helium ion microscope (HIM) enabling chemical imaging to ~14 nm. Here, we utilize the HIM-SIMS for quantitative differentiation between the olefin-based polymers of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). We illustrate both quantitative analysis for separating PE and PP using specific mass fragment ratios as well as demonstrate spatially resolved imaging of phase separated domains within PE thin films with ~14 nm chemical and ~2 nm morphological spatial resolutions. Overall, we demonstrate HIM-SIMS as a multimodal chemical technique for imaging and quantification of polyolefin interfaces, that could be more broadly applied to the analysis of multicomponent/multiphase polymeric systems.
Modulation of Gene Expression in Precancerous Rat Esophagus by Dietary Zinc Deficit and Replenishment (2005)

Zinc deficiency in rats enhances esophageal cell proliferation, causes alteration in gene expression, and promotes esophageal carcinogenesis. Zinc replenishment rapidly induces apoptosis in the esophageal epithelium thereby reversing cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. To identify zinc-responsive genes responsible for these divergent effects, we did oligonucleotide array-based gene expression profiling analyses in the precancerous zinc-deficient esophagus and in zinc-replenished esophagi after treatment with intragastric zinc compared with zinc-sufficient esophagi. Thirty-three genes (21 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated) showed a > or = 2-fold change in expression in the hyperplastic zinc-deficient versus zinc-sufficient esophageal epithelia. Expression of genes involved in cell division, survival, adhesion, and tumorigenesis were markedly changed. The zinc-sensitive gene metallothionein-1 (MT-1 was up-regulated 7-fold, the opposite of results for small intestine and liver under zinc-deficient conditions. Keratin 14 (KRT14, a biomarker in esophageal tumorigenesis), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII, a regulator of acid-base homeostasis), and cyclin B were up-regulated >4-fold. Immunohistochemistry showed that metallothionein and keratin 14 proteins were overexpressed in zinc-deficient esophagus, as well as in lingual and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from carcinogen-treated rats, emphasizing their roles in carcinogenesis. Calponin 1 (CNN1, an actin cross-linking regulator) was down-regulated 0.2-fold. Within hours after oral zinc treatment, the abnormal expression of 29 of 33 genes returned to near zinc-sufficient levels, accompanied by reversal of the precancerous phenotype. Thus, we have identified new molecular markers in precancerous esophagus and showed their restoration by zinc replenishment, providing insights into the interaction between zinc and gene expression in esophageal cancer development and prevention.
Constant Envelope MIMO-OFDM Precoding for Low Complexity Large-Scale Antenna Array Systems (2020)

Herein, we consider constant envelope precoding in a multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system (CE MIMO-OFDM) for frequency selective channels. In CE precoding the signals for each transmit antenna are designed to have constant amplitude regardless of the channel realization and the information symbols that must be conveyed to the users. This facilitates the use of power-efficient components, such as phase shifters (PS) and nonlinear power amplifiers, which are key for the feasibility of large-scale antenna array systems because of their low cost and power consumption. The CE precoding problem is firstly formulated as a least-squares problem with a unit modulus constraint and solved using an algorithm based on coordinate descent. The large number of optimization variables in the case of the MIMO-OFDM system motivates the search for a more computationally efficient solution. To tackle this, we reformulate the CE precoding design into an unconstrained nonlinear least-squares problem, which is solved efficiently using the Gauss-Newton algorithm. Simulation results underline the efficiency of the proposed solutions and show that they outperform state of the art techniques.