gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The association between environmental greenness and the risk of food allergy: A population‐based study in Melbourne, Australia (2022)

NDVI data were available for n = 5097. For most buffer zones, medium and high greenness, compared to low greenness, was associated with an increased risk of peanut allergy (eg, 100 m tertile 2 aOR 1.89 95% CI 1.22-2.95, tertile 3 aOR 1.78 95% CI 1.13-2.82). For egg allergy, the effect sizes were smaller (100 m tertile 2 aOR 1.52 95% CI 1.16-1.97, tertile 3 aOR 1.38 95% CI 1.05-1.82). Socioeconomic status (SES) modified the association between greenness and peanut allergy, but not egg allergy; associations were apparent in the low SES group but not in the high SES group (p for interaction 0.08 at 100 m). Air pollution (PM2.5) also modified the associations between environmental greenness and food allergy, with associations present in high air pollution areas but not low (p for interaction at 100 m 0.05 for peanut and 0.06 for egg allergy.) CONCLUSION: Increased exposure to environmental greenness in the first year of life was associated with an increased risk of food allergy. Increased greenness may correlate with higher pollen levels which may trigger innate immune responses skewing the immune system to the Th2-dependent allergic phenotype; additionally, some pollen and food allergens are cross-reactive. Given the mixed data on greenness and other allergies, the relationship appears complex and may also be influenced by confounding variables outside those that were measured in this study.
Development of Smallpox Vaccine Candidates with Integrated Interleukin-15 That Demonstrate Superior Immunogenicity, Efficacy, and Safety in Mice (2007)

The potential use of variola virus, the etiological agent of smallpox, as a bioterror agent has heightened the interest in the reinitiation of smallpox vaccination. However, the currently licensed Dryvax vaccine, despite its documented efficacy in eradicating smallpox, is not optimal for the vaccination of contemporary populations with large numbers of individuals with immunodeficiencies because of severe adverse effects that can occur in such individuals. Therefore, the development of safer smallpox vaccines that can match the immunogenicity and efficacy of Dryvax for the vaccination of contemporary populations remains a priority. Using the Wyeth strain of vaccinia virus derived from the Dryvax vaccine, we generated a recombinant Wyeth interleukin-15 (IL-15) with integrated IL-15, a cytokine with potent immunostimulatory functions. The integration of IL-15 into the Wyeth strain resulted in a >1,000-fold reduction in lethality of vaccinated athymic nude mice and induced severalfold-higher cellular and humoral immune responses in wild-type mice that persisted longer than those induced by the parental Wyeth strain. The superior efficacy of Wyeth IL-15 was further demonstrated by the ability of vaccinated mice to fully survive a lethal intranasal challenge of virulent vaccinia virus even 10 months after vaccination, whereas all mice vaccinated with parental Wyeth strain succumbed. By integrating IL-15 into modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a virus currently under consideration as a substitute for the Dryvax vaccine, we developed a second vaccine candidate (MVA IL-15) with greater immunogenicity and efficacy than Dryvax. Thus, Wyeth IL-15 and MVA IL-15 viruses hold promise as more-efficacious and safe alternatives to the Dryvax vaccine.
Abstract 4477: Dual-targeting of AMPK and PI3K/mTOR in a panel of breast cancer cell lines (2010)

Abstract Several PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors are presently in early clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Due to their mechanism of action, many of these compounds markedly increase the blood glucose levels. Metformin is an AMPK activator widely used in clinical practice to contrast hyperglycemia and is also known to reduce cancer risk as well as to improve cancer prognosis. The aim of this study is to explore the in vitro anti-tumor effect of metformin alone and in combination with the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Breast cancer cells (BT474, SKBR3, MCF7, MDA-468, MDA-231) were exposed to escalating doses of BEZ235 as single agent and in combination with metformin. Levels of phosphorylated and total AMPK, MAPK, EGFR, HER2 and S6 ribosomal protein were evaluated by western blot. Metformin induced dose-dependent growth inhibition. The combined treatment of NVP-BEZ235 plus metformin resulted in an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation greater than with either treatment alone in EGFR and HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines. At the IC50 of 20 mM we found that metformin activates AMPK reducing mTORC1 activity and, in turn, decreasing the levels of p-S6 ribosomal protein. Metformin treatment was also associated with reduced receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) expression (EGFR and HER2) and decreased p-MAPK. The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 potently decreases p-AKT and p-S6. As described for other mTOR inhibitors, NVP-BEZ235 increases MAPK phosphorylation by transactivation of several RTKs of the HER family. Treatment with metformin downregulates these RTKs preventing NVP-BEZ235-dependent MAPK pathway transactivation, providing a possible explanation for the potent anti-proliferative activity of the combination in HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines. The combination of metformin and NVP-BEZ235 significantly inhibits the growth of several breast cancer cell lines. We propose that inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in combination with metformin treatment would result in superior antitumor activity. Further studies are warranted to determine the applicability of this approach in the clinic. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4477.
Stereo-particle image velocimetry uncertainty quantification (2016)

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are subject to multiple elemental error sources and thus estimating overall measurement uncertainty is challenging. Recent advances have led to a posteriori uncertainty estimation methods for planar two-component PIV. However, no complete methodology exists for uncertainty quantification in stereo PIV. In the current paper, a comprehensive framework is presented to quantify the uncertainty stemming from stereo registration error and combine it with the underlying planar velocity uncertainties. The disparity in particle locations of the dewarped images is used to estimate the positional uncertainty of the world coordinate system, which is then propagated to the uncertainty in the calibration mapping function coefficients. Next, the calibration uncertainty is combined with the planar uncertainty fields of the individual cameras through an uncertainty propagation equation and uncertainty estimates are obtained for all three velocity components. The methodology was tested with synthetic stereo PIV data for different light sheet thicknesses, with and without registration error, and also validated with an experimental vortex ring case from 2014 PIV challenge. Thorough sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the relative impact of the various parameters to the overall uncertainty. The results suggest that in absence of any disparity, the stereo PIV uncertainty prediction method is more sensitive to the planar uncertainty estimates than to the angle uncertainty, although the latter is not negligible for non-zero disparity. Overall the presented uncertainty quantification framework showed excellent agreement between the error and uncertainty RMS values for both the synthetic and the experimental data and demonstrated reliable uncertainty prediction coverage. Finally, this stereo PIV uncertainty quantification framework provides the first comprehensive treatment on the subject and potentially lays foundations applicable to volumetric PIV measurements.
Development of e-AWD Hybrid System with Turbo Engine for SUVs (2023)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the development of a new e-AWD hybrid system developed for SUVs. This hybrid system consists of a high-torque 2.4-liter turbocharged engine and a front unit that contains a 6-speed automatic transmission, an electric motor, and an inverter. It also includes a rear eAxle unit that contains a water-cooled high-power motor, an inverter, and a reduction gear, as well as a bipolar nickel-metal hydride battery. By combining a turbo engine that can output high torque across a wide range of engine rpm with two electric motors (front and rear), this system achieves both smooth acceleration with a torquey driving feeling and rapid response when the accelerator pedal is pressed. In addition, new AWD control using the water-cooled rear motor realized more stable cornering performance than the previous e-AWD system. By developing a hybrid system with appealing new driving characteristics, it was possible to increase the variety of electric powertrains available to customers as part of measures to help achieve carbon neutrality.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Micro-sized syringes for single-cell fluidic access integrated on a micro-electrode array CMOS chip (2011)

Very-large scale integration and micro-machining have enabled the development of novel platforms for advanced and automated examination of cells and tissues in vitro. In this paper, we present a CMOS chip designed in a commercial 0.18 μm technology with integrated micro-syringes combined with micro-nail shaped electrodes and readout electronics. The micro-syringes could be individually addressed by a through-wafer micro-fluidic channel with an inner diameter of 1 μm. We demonstrated the functionality of the micro-fluidic access by diffusion of fluorescent species through the channels. Further, hippocampal neurons were cultured on top of an array of micro-syringes, and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy cross-sections revealed protrusion of the cells inside the channels, creating a strong interface between the membrane and the chip surface. This principle demonstrates a first step towards a novel type of automated in vitro platforms, allowing local delivery of substances to cells or advanced planar patch clamping.
A Large Scale Study of Reader Interactions with Images on Wikipedia (2021)

Abstract Wikipedia is the largest source of free encyclopedic knowledge and one of the most visited sites on the Web. To increase reader understanding of the article, Wikipedia editors add images within the text of the article’s body. However, despite their widespread usage on web platforms and the huge volume of visual content on Wikipedia, little is known about the importance of images in the context of free knowledge environments. To bridge this gap, we collect data about English Wikipedia reader interactions with images during one month and perform the first large-scale analysis of how interactions with images happen on Wikipedia. First, we quantify the overall engagement with images, finding that one in 29 pageviews results in a click on at least one image, one order of magnitude higher than interactions with other types of article content. Second, we study what factors associate with image engagement and observe that clicks on images occur more often in shorter articles and articles about visual arts or transports and biographies of less well-known people. Third, we look at interactions with Wikipedia article previews and find that images help support reader information need when navigating through the site, especially for more popular pages. The findings in this study deepen our understanding of the role of images for free knowledge and provide a guide for Wikipedia editors and web user communities to enrich the world’s largest source of encyclopedic knowledge.
Mode of Suppression of Pituitary and Gonadal Function After Acute or Prolonged Administration of a Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist in Normal Men* (1989)

LHRH antagonists compete with endogenous LHRH for binding to receptors on pituitary gonadotrophs and thereby inhibit gonadotropin secretion and, consequently, gonadal function. We studied the pituitary and gonadal suppression following single doses and short term administration (1-3 weeks) of a recently developed LHRH antagonist in normal men. First, the antagonist Nal-Glu ([Ac-D2Nal1, D4ClPhe2,D3Pal3,Arg5,DGlu6(AA),DAla10]LHRH ), was given as a single sc injection to five normal men at three dose levels of 1, 5, and 20 mg (study I). Serum FSH, immunoreactive LH (IR-LH), bioactive LH (bio-LH), testosterone, and estradiol were measured before and at frequent intervals for 48 h after Nal-Glu administration. Mean serum FSH decreased (P less than 0.001) by 28.9 +/- 5.4% (+/- SE), 38.2 +/- 7.9%, and 44.5 +/- 3.6% after the 1-, 5-, and 20-mg doses, respectively. Mean serum IR-LH decreased (P less than 0.001) by 39.0 +/- 13.8%, 53.2 +/- 10.0%, and 53.1 +/- 14.4% after the three doses. Serum bio-LH levels and the ratio of bio-LH/IR-LH decreased (P less than 0.001) after the 20-mg dose by 87.8% and 78.5%, respectively. Serum testosterone levels decreased (P less than 0.001) more than 78.5% after all Nal-Glu doses. The duration of testosterone suppression, but not the nadir reached, was dose dependent (P = 0.012). Serum estradiol levels also decreased (P less than 0.001), but the rate of decrease was slower than that of serum testosterone. The apparent plasma disappearance half-life of Nal-Glu after administration of 5 mg was 12.8 +/- 2.7 h. The Nal-Glu antagonist also was given daily as a single sc injection of 5 mg to eight normal men for 21 days (study II) or twice daily to five men for 7 days (study III). In study II, serum FSH, IR-LH, bio-LH, testosterone, estradiol, and 17-hydroxy-progesterone were measured daily, immediately before the next injection, and on days 1, 7, and 21 in frequent blood samples drawn for 24 h. The mean serum testosterone level in study II decreased (P less than 0.001) from 17.6 +/- 2.2 to 4.1 +/- 1.0 nmol/L on day 1, increased (P less than 0.05) between days 2 and 8, and then progressively decreased to below 2 nmol/L from day 18 until 24 h after the end of the study. Serum FSH, IR-LH, and bio-LH levels paralleled those of testosterone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
LiAl(OPri)4 as a model compound for the conjugate base of the zeolite catalyst H-ZSM-5 and its reaction with various methylating agents (1985)

LiAl(OPri)4 has been shown to demethylate a range of methylating agents including the trimethyloxonium ion; no products due to ylide formation were observed suggesting that a surface-bound trimethyloxonium ion ylide is an unlikely reaction intermediate in the methanol conversion process.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Organochlorogermylamines Stabilized by a Chelating Organic Substituent: 3‐Amino‐2‐methylthiophoate. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure and Function of an Intercistronic Regulatory Region in Bacteriophage Lambda (1980)

INTRODUCTION When bacteriophage λ infects Escherichia coli , two possible pathways of development may ensue. The virus may undergo a lytic mode of growth resulting in the formation and release of progeny virus concomitant with lysis of the host cell. Alternatively, the phage may enter a lysogenic state in which the viral DNA integrates into the bacterial genome and concurrently represses expression of viral functions. Crucial to the establishment of lysogeny is the synthesis of two phage functions: the integration protein, which catalyzes the genetic recombination between the viral DNA and the host genome, and the repressor protein, which directly inhibits transcription of phage functions. In simple terms, the viral infection can be considered a competition between the accumulation of those gene products which commit the virus to lytic development and the expression of gene products which turn on synthesis of the phage repressor protein, thereby committing the infection to lysogeny. Under normal growth conditions, a delicate balance is achieved whereby both lytic and lysogenic patterns of development are expressed in a single viral infection (for review, see Weisberg et al. 1977). Immediately after λ infection, transcription is initiated by the host RNA polymerase from two major promoters, P R and P L , located within the phage immunity region (see Fig. 1). At early times the majority of this transcription, both rightward and leftward, is limited to the immunity region by sites of transcription termination, t RI and t L , respectively (Fig. 1). Efficient transcription distal to these two termination sites depends upon expression of...
Very low internal loss, 1.5 μm wavelength SCH-MQW InGaAsP/InP laser diodes with broadened-waveguides (2002)

We have shown that the cladding layer free-carrier absorption is the main source of internal loss in the studied InGaAsP/InP SCH-MQW laser structures. Very low internal loss (1.3 cm/sup -1/) and low threshold current density (260 A/cm/sup 2/ for a 2 mm cavity) are obtained with the broadened-waveguide laser structure. High efficiency lasers can be made using this structure.
Superior DC and RF Performance of AlGaN-Channel HEMT at High Temperatures (2012)

This paper describes high-temperature electron transport properties of AlGaN-channel HEMT fabricated on a free-standing AlN substrate, estimated at temperatures between 25 and 300°C. The AlGaN-channel HEMT exhibited significantly reduced temperature dependence in DC and RF device characteristics, as compared to those for the conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMT, resulting in larger values in both saturated drain current and current gain cutoff frequency at 300°C. Delay time analyses suggested that the temperature dependence of the AlGaN-channel HEMT was primarily dominated by the effective electron velocity in the AlGaN channel. These results indicate that an AlGaN-channel HEMT fabricated on an AlN substrate is promising for high-performance device applications at high temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State Reaction as a Way of Transition Metal Ion Introduction in Cationic Positions of High‐Silica Zeolites (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Zn Mediated Chemoselective Allylation of Keto Esters with Allylic Halides in Aqueous Medium (1995)

Abstract The Zn mediated reactions of allyl, crotyl and cinnamyl halides with β- and γ-keto esters in THF–NH4Cl(aq) give — by completely selective keto allylation and with good yields — β- and γ-hydroxy esters, respectively. The γ-hydroxy esters were easily and quantitatively converted to γ-allyl substituted γ-butyrolactones in a one-pot reaction.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Color M-Mode Early Diastolic Propagation Velocity and Left Ventricular Adverse Pressure Gradients (2010)

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and diastolic heart failure are conditions that affect the filling dynamics of the heart and affect 36% of patients diagnosed with congestive heart failure [1]. Although this condition is very prevalent, it currently remains difficult to diagnose due to inherent atrio-ventricular compensatory mechanisms including increased heart rate, increased left ventricular (LV) contractility, and increased left atrial pressure (LA). A greater comprehension of the governing flow physics in the left ventricle throughout the introduction of the heart’s compensatory mechanisms has great potential to substantially increase the understanding of the progression of diastolic dysfunction and in turn advance the diagnostic techniques.
HM‐PAO (CERETEC) SPECT Brain Scanning in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (1997)

The sensitivity and specificity were too low for SPECT to be useful as a diagnostic test for AD. The poor positive and negative predictive values in our tertiary care clinic mean that SPECT is not useful in "ruling-in" or "ruling-out" AD in that setting. In fact, clinical evaluation is more accurate.
Bragg gratings written in multimode borosilicate fibers using ultrafast infrared radiation and a phase mask (2009)

Inscription of Bragg grating structures is reported in inexpensive multimode borosilicate fibers using femtosecond pulse duration 800 nm infrared radiation and a phase mask. Thermal annealing of the gratings up to 700 &deg;C reveals a behavior similar to Type I-IR gratings made in silica fiber with ultrafast infrared radiation. A portion of the index modulation of the grating is stable up to 500 &deg;C. Below 100 &deg;C, the wavelength shift of the Bragg grating is characterized by ~ 12 pm/&deg;C slope. Above 300 &deg;C, the wavelength shift is ~ 5 pm/&deg;C.
Isolation of 3 S androgen receptors from salt-resistant fractions and nuclear matrices of prostatic nuclei after mild trypsin digestion. (1983)

The physical properties of two types of androgen-binding sites in prostatic nuclei were compared and found to be identical. The first type was released from chromatin by micrococcal nuclease digestion and solution in 0.6 M NaCl; the second resisted such treatment and remained associated with nuclear structures. After in vivo administration of [1,2-3H]testosterone to 24-h castrated rats and sonication of purified nuclei, 90% of the nuclear radioactivity was extracted with nuclease/salt treatment and was found by sucrose density gradient analysis to be associated with a 3 S androgen receptor. If sonication was omitted, 50 to 60% of the nuclear radioactivity was recovered in the nuclease/salt-resistant pellets or bound to nuclear matrices. Mild digestion of either of these particulate fractions with trypsin resulted in the release of a 3 S androgen receptor. After in vitro isotope-exchange labeling with [1,2-3H]dihydrotestosterone, the sedimentation coefficient, steroid specificity, and dissociation constant of the androgen receptors released by trypsin digestion of nuclease/salt-resistant pellets or nuclear matrices were similar to those of the receptors extracted by nuclease/salt treatment. These results indicate first, that all androgen-binding sites in prostatic nuclei can be released, either with nuclease/salt or trypsin digestion procedures to yield a 3 S androgen receptor with uniform binding characteristics, and second, that the androgen receptors are distributed between two intra-nuclear pools--one containing about 10,000 molecules/nucleus sensitive to micrococcal nuclease digestion and salt and the other containing about 8,000 to 13,000 androgen receptors tightly bound to the nuclear matrix.