gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning reliable manipulation strategies without initial physical models (1993)

Abstract Christiansen, A.D., Mason, M.T. and Mitchell, T.M., Learning reliable manipulation strategies without initial physical models, Robitics and Autonomous Systems, 8 (1991) 7–18. We describe a robot, possessing limited sensory and effectory capabilties but no initial model of the effects of its actions on the world, that acquires such a model through exploration, practice, and observation. By acquiring an increasingly correct model of its actions, it generates increasingly successful plans to achieve its goals. In an apparently non-deterministic world, achieving reliability requires the identification of reliable actions and a preference for using such actions. Furthermore, by selecting its training carefully, the robot can significantly improve its learning rate.
Rapid Sequential in Situ Multiplexing With DNA-Exchange-Imaging (2017)

Abstract To decipher the molecular mechanism of biological function, it is critical to map the molecular composition of individual cells in the context of their biological environment in situ . Immunofluorescence (IF) provides specific labeling for molecular profiling. However, conventional IF methods have finite multiplexing capabilities due to spectral overlap of the fluorophores. Various sequential imaging methods have been developed to circumvent this spectral limit, but are not widely adopted due to the common limitation of requiring multi-rounds of slow (typically over 2 hours at room temperature to overnight at 4 °C in practice) immunostaining. DNA-Exchange-Imaging is a practical platform for rapid in situ spectrally-unlimited multiplexing. This technique overcomes speed restrictions by allowing for single-step immunostaining with DNA-barcoded antibodies, followed by rapid (less than 10 minutes) buffer exchange of fluorophore-bearing DNA imager strands. By eliminating the need for multiple rounds of immunostaining, DEI enables rapid spectrally unlimited sequential imaging. The programmability of DNA-Exchange-Imaging allows us to further adapt it to diverse microscopy platforms (with Exchange-Confocal, Exchange-SIM, Exchange-STED, and Exchange-PAINT demonstrated here), achieving highly multiplexed in situ protein visualization in diverse samples (including neuronal and tumor cells as well as fresh-frozen or paraffin-embedded tissue sections) and at multiple desired resolution scales (from ~300 nm down to sub-20-nm). Validation highlights include 8-target imaging using single-channel Exchange-Confocal in tens of micron thick retina tissue sections in 2-3 hours (as compared to days required in principle by previous methods using comparable equipment), and 8-target super-resolution imaging with ~20 nm resolution using Exchange-PAINT in primary neurons. These results collectively suggest DNA-Exchange as a versatile, practical platform for rapid, highly multiplexed in situ imaging, potentially enabling new applications ranging from basic science, to drug discovery, and to clinical pathology.
Exploiting Network Structure for Proactive Spam Mitigation (2018)

E-mail has become indispensable in today’s networked society. However, the huge and ever-growing volume of spam has become a serious threat to this important communication medium. It not only affects e-mail recipients, but also causes a significant overload to mail servers which handle the e-mail transmission. We perform an extensive analysis of IP addresses and IP aggregates given by network-aware clusters in order to investigate properties that can distinguish the bulk of the legitimate mail and spam. Our analysis indicates that the bulk of the legitimate mail comes from long-lived IP addresses. We also find that the bulk of the spam comes from network clusters that are relatively long-lived. Our analysis suggests that network-aware clusters may provide a good aggregation scheme for exploiting the history and structure of IP addresses. We then consider the implications of this analysis for prioritizing legitimate mail. We focus on the situation when mail server is overloaded, and the goal is to maximize the legitimate mail that it accepts. We demonstrate that the history and the structure of the IP addresses can reduce the adverse impact of mail server overload, by increasing the number of legitimate e-mails accepted by a factor of 3.
Treatment of Advanced Bladder Carcinoma with Once-Monthly Methotrexate, Vinblastine, and Cisplatin (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Treatment of Advanced Bladder Carcinoma with Once-Monthly Methotrexate, Vinblastine, and Cisplatin Philip J. Walther and R.A. Walker Philip J. WaltherPhilip J. Walther and R.A. WalkerR.A. Walker View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75365-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Treatment of Advanced Bladder Carcinoma with Once-Monthly Methotrexate, Vinblastine, and Cisplatin." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 157A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 157A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Philip J. Walther More articles by this author R.A. Walker More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Kinetic Analysis as a Tool to Distinguish Pathway Complexity in Molecular Assembly: An Unexpected Outcome of Structures in Competition (2015)

While the sensitive dependence of the functional characteristics of self-assembled nanofibers on the molecular structure of their building blocks is well-known, the crucial influence of the dynamics of the assembly process is often overlooked. For natural protein-based fibrils, various aggregation mechanisms have been demonstrated, from simple primary nucleation to secondary nucleation and off-pathway aggregation. Similar pathway complexity has recently been described in synthetic supramolecular polymers and has been shown to be intimately linked to their morphology. We outline a general method to investigate the consequences of the presence of multiple assembly pathways, and show how kinetic analysis can be used to distinguish different assembly mechanisms. We illustrate our combined experimental and theoretical approach by studying the aggregation of chiral bipyridine-extended 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamides (BiPy-1) in n-butanol as a model system. Our workflow consists of nonlinear least-squares analysis of steady-state spectroscopic measurements, which cannot provide conclusive mechanistic information but yields the equilibrium constants of the self-assembly process as constraints for subsequent kinetic analysis. Furthermore, kinetic nucleation-elongation models based on one and two competing pathways are used to interpret time-dependent spectroscopic measurements acquired using stop-flow and temperature-jump methods. Thus, we reveal that the sharp transition observed in the aggregation process of BiPy-1 cannot be explained by a single cooperative pathway, but can be described by a competitive two-pathway mechanism. This work provides a general tool for analyzing supramolecular polymerizations and establishing energetic landscapes, leading to mechanistic insights that at first sight may seem unexpected and counterintuitive.
Stable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence‐Sensitized Red Fluorescent Devices through Physical Suppression of Dexter Energy Transfer (2023)

Abstract To date, thermally activated delayed fluorescence‐sensitized fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (TSF‐OLEDs) have undergone substantial research to achieve high efficiency and good operational stability in wide color gamut regions. Usually, to achieve a highly efficient TSF device, the Förster resonance energy transfer rate ( k FRET ) should be enhanced, whereas the Dexter energy transfer rate ( k DET ) should be suppressed. Even though highly efficient devices are achieved in all RGB color regions by satisfying the BT2020 requirements, achieving long device lifetimes is still challenging. Herein, a highly stable red‐TSF device is reported by adopting a new Dexter energy transfer suppressive layer (DSL) adjacent to the main emissive layer. Here, the DSL can improve the distance between the excitons generated from the host‐TADF layer and the final dopant (FD) of the TSF device, which allows for suppressing the k DET. Furthermore, the detailed device mechanistic pathways are analyzed by varying the DSL doping concentration with different thicknesses in different positions. Among the fabricated devices, the DSL‐TSF device manifested a longer operational lifetime (LT 95 ) over 370 h at 5000 cd m ‐2 and reduced efficiency roll‐off compared with TSF devices. Such long lifetime and high stability in DSL‐TSF OLEDs are owing to the decreased k DET than TSF devices.
A tensile stage for X-ray topography (1976)

A tensile stage measuring about 50 mm*100 mm has been constructed to fit onto the goniometer of a Lang or other camera for X-ray topography. It is designed primarily for specimens of relatively strong metals with gauge dimensions 10 mm*5 mm*0.1 mm. Loads up to 300 N can be applied and measured using a cantilever beam and capacitance transducer; a similar transducer could be used to measure strain. The design incorporates precision linear bearings to minimize specimen bending and a topograph taken using an Fe-Si alloy specimen is shown.
Petrobactin Protects against Oxidative Stress and Enhances Sporulation Efficiency in Bacillus anthracis Sterne (2018)

<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> is a Gram-positive bacillus that under conditions of environmental stress, such as low nutrients, can convert from a vegetative bacillus to a highly durable spore that enables long-term survival. The sporulation process is regulated by a sequential cascade of dedicated transcription factors but requires key nutrients to complete, one of which is iron. Iron acquisition by the iron-scavenging siderophore petrobactin is required for vegetative growth of <i>B. anthracis</i> under iron-depleted conditions and in the host. However, the extent to which petrobactin is involved in spore formation is unknown. This work shows that efficient <i>in vitro</i> sporulation of <i>B. anthracis</i> requires petrobactin, that the petrobactin biosynthesis operon (<i>asbA</i> to <i>-F</i>) is induced prior to sporulation, and that the siderophore itself associates with spores. Petrobactin is also required for oxidative stress protection during late-stage growth and for wild-type levels of sporulation in sporulation medium. Sporulation in bovine blood was found to be petrobactin dependent. Collectively, the <i>in vitro</i> contributions of petrobactin to sporulation as well as growth imply that petrobactin may be required for <i>B. anthracis</i> transmission via the spore during natural infections, in addition to its key known functions during active anthrax infections.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Bacillus anthracis</i> causes the disease anthrax, which is transmitted via its dormant, spore phase. However, conversion from bacillus to spore is a complex, energetically costly process that requires many nutrients, including iron. <i>B. anthracis</i> requires the siderophore petrobactin to scavenge iron from host environments. We show that, in the Sterne strain, petrobactin is required for efficient sporulation, even when ample iron is available. The petrobactin biosynthesis operon is expressed during sporulation, and petrobactin is biosynthesized during growth in high-iron sporulation medium, but instead of being exported, the petrobactin remains intracellular to protect against oxidative stress and improve sporulation. It is also required for full growth and sporulation in blood (bovine), an essential step for anthrax transmission between mammalian hosts.
Urine and Fecal Microbiota in a Canine Model of Bladder Cancer (2021)

Abstract Introduction Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the tenth most diagnosed cancer in humans worldwide. Dogs are a robust model for invasive UC as tumor development and progression is similar in humans and dogs. Recent studies on urine microbiota in humans revealed alterations in microbial diversity and composition in individuals with UC; however, the potential role of microbiota in UC has yet to be elucidated. Dogs could be valuable models for this research, but microbial alterations in dogs with UC have not been evaluated. Objective The objective of this this pilot study was to compare the urine and fecal microbiota of dogs with UC (n = 7) and age-, sex-, and breed-matched healthy controls (n = 7). Methods DNA was extracted from mid-stream free-catch urine and fecal samples using Qiagen Bacteremia and PowerFecal kits, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed followed by sequence processing and analyses (QIIME 2 and R). Results Canine urine and fecal samples were dominated by taxa similar to those found in humans. Significantly decreased microbial diversity (Kruskal-Wallis: Shannon, p = 0.048) and altered bacterial composition were observed in the urine but not feces of dogs with UC (PERMANOVA: Unweighted UniFrac, p = 0.011). The relative abundances of Fusobacterium was also increased, although not significantly, in the urine and feces of dogs with UC. Conclusion This study characterizes urine and fecal microbiota in dogs with UC, and it provides a foundation for future work exploring host-microbe dynamics in UC carcinogenesis, prognosis, and treatment.
Synthesis of Crystalline Microporous Mo–V–Bi Oxide for Selective (Amm)Oxidation of Light Alkanes (2017)

Bismuth (Bi) was successfully introduced into the crystalline orthorhombic Mo3VOx (MoVO) structure for the first time by using the ethylammonium cation (EtNH3+) as a structure-directing agent in hydrothermal synthesis, and the catalytic activities of MoVO-containing Bi (MoVBiO) for selective oxidation of ethane and ammoxidation of propane were compared with those of ternary MoVO. Bi and EtNH3+ were located in hexagonal and heptagonal channels in the MoVO structure, respectively. EtNH3+ could be removed without collapse of the crystal structure by appropriate heat treatment, leaving the heptagonal channels empty. The introduction of Bi had only a little effect on the catalytic activity for selective oxidation of ethane. On the other hand, the conversion of propane was significantly enhanced in propane ammoxidation. Acrylonitrile selectivity was also enhanced by the introduction of Bi, especially at high temperatures (>440 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Biphenyl Alkaloid (‐)‐Lythranidine. (2014)

Abstract The target compound is prepared in a longest sequence of 15 linear steps and approximately 5% overall yield.
Reduced In-Plane Swelling of Nafion by a Biaxial Modification Process (2015)

A biaxial modification process to reduce the in-plane swelling of perfluorosulfonic acid polymers is demonstrated for Nafion 212 membranes. The process is based on the one-way shape memory effect of the polymer, which can be installed by drying under constrained conditions and observed by water swelling. The through-plane/in-plane swelling ratio at 30 °C for treated Nafion 212 increases from 1.4 to 5.8 (ex situ) and ≈25 (after humidity cycling in a fuel cell). Young modulus and tensile strength increase. X-ray diffraction analysis shows an increase of crystallinity. The influence on through- and in-plane proton conductivity is studied. Finally, fuel cell tests are presented. The results suggest that the process enhances the durability of fuel cell systems under changing humidity conditions.
Establishment of a cell culture model based on primary epithelial cells to investigate damage and repair of respiratory epithelial cells (2015)

This article was originally published online on 8 April 2015 The nasal epithelium represents the first barrier against entry of airborne particles into the respiratory system and therefore protects against allergens, pollutants and pathogens. We have previously used the respiratory epithelial cell line 16HBE14o- to define factors which can impair the barrier function of the respiratory mucosa. However, cultures of primary epithelial cells obtained from human nasal biopsies should resemble the natural situation in the nose better. Here we investigated primary human nasal epithelial cells regarding growth characteristics and sensitivity to damage by interferon-gamma and other factors. Primary epithelial cells were isolated from nasal biopsies from allergic and non-allergic patients undergoing routine nasal surgery at the ENT Department of the General Hospital of Vienna with consent from the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Vienna. Primary cells and 16HBE14o- cells were grown on semipermeable membranes, which allow exposure of the cells to various factors both from the apical and the basolateral side. Cells were grown until they reached confluence and gained a trans-epithelial resistance of more than 1000 Ohm. Cell layers were then exposed to interferon-gamma which is known to impair epithelial integrity. Furthermore, a scratch-test model was used to investigate epithelial repair after physical damage. Expression of epithelial cell makers on the surface of cultivated primary cells was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Histological staining of cultivated cells isolated by cytospins showed normal morphology with apical cilia. Normal function of cultured primary epithelial cells was shown by video analysis and ciliary beat frequency measurements. Barrier function decreased after exposure of cells to low doses (1ng/ml) of interferon gamma both in the case of primary and 16HBE14o- cells. Decrease of the barrier function was time- and dose-dependent. Repair of primary epithelial cell layers could be shown in the scratch-test model. We established a cell culture model using both primary nasal epithelial cells from allergic and non-allergic individuals, in which we can investigate exogenous and subject-specific factors which affect epithelial integrity. Supported by projects of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the DK W 1248-B13 program MCCA and P4613, P4605.
Isolation of recombinant cDNAs encoding chicken erythroid delta-aminolevulinate synthase. (1985)

We report the isolation of cDNA clones encoding delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALA synthase; EC 2.3.1.37), the first enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway in animal cells. The gene was isolated from a chicken erythroid cDNA library prepared in the bacteriophage lambda fusion/expression vector gt11, using rabbit antibody raised against the relatively abundant chicken liver enzyme. The chicken liver and red cell ALA synthase isozymes share substantial crossreactivity to the antibody, thereby allowing isolation of the erythroid-specific gene by using the heterologous antibody in immune screening of the red cell cDNA library. Preliminary analysis documenting the tissue specificity of transcription indicates that the enzyme is encoded by a highly homologous set of messages, which appear to differ in size in various avian tissues. From analysis using strand-specific RNA probes, it appears that the different ALA synthase mRNAs detected may be transcribed from a family of genes that are closely related in nucleotide sequence and are each regulated in a developmentally specific manner.
Preliminary Gas Turbine Combustor Design Using a Genetic Algorithm (1997)

A genetic algorithm, coupled with a versatile preliminary design tool, is employed to demonstrate the concept of an autonomous design procedure for gas turbine combustors with user specified performance criteria. The chosen preliminary design program utilises a network based approach which provides considerable geometric flexibility allowing for a wide variety of combustor types to be represented. The physical combustor is represented by a number of independent, though interconnected, semi-empirical sub-flows or elements. A full conjugate heat transfer model allows for convection, conduction and radiative heat transfer to be modelled and a constrained equilibrium calculation simulates the combustion process. The genetic algorithm, whose main advantage lies in its robustness, uses the network solver in order to progress towards the optimum design parameters defined by the user. The capabilities of the genetic program are demonstrated for some simple design requirements, for example zone fuel/air ratio, pressure drop and wall temperatures.
Belief Propagation Methods for Intercell Interference Coordination (2010)

We consider a broad class of interference coordination and resource allocation problems for wireless links where the goal is to maximize the sum of functions of individual link rates. Such problems arise in the context of, for example, fractional frequency reuse (FFR) for macro-cellular networks and dynamic interference management in femtocells. The resulting optimization problems are typically hard to solve optimally even using centralized algorithms but are an essential computational step in implementing rate-fair and queue stabilizing scheduling policies in wireless networks. We consider a belief propagation framework to solve such problems approximately. In particular, we construct approximations to the belief propagation iterations to obtain computationally simple and distributed algorithms with low communication overhead. Notably, our methods are very general and apply to, for example, the optimization of transmit powers, transmit beamforming vectors, and sub-band allocation to maximize the above objective. Numerical results for femtocell deployments demonstrate that such algorithms compute a very good operating point in typically just a couple of iterations.
Robust audio watermarking based on rhythm region detection (2005)

A novel robust audio watermarking algorithm is proposed based on music edge detection. The key point lies in the fact that music edges like drum sounds will not be changed much in order to maintain high auditory quality. Experimental results show strong robustness against common audio signal processing and time-domain synchronisation attacks.
Characterization and Electronic Structures of Metal Complexes Containing Benzene-1,2-dithiolate and Related Ligands (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization and Electronic Structures of Metal Complexes Containing Benzene-1,2-dithiolate and Related LigandsM. J. Baker-Hawkes, E. Billig, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 21, 4870–4875Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00973a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1255Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (745 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts