gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser Ablation of Graphite−Co/Ni and Growth of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Vortexes Formed in an Ar Atmosphere (2000)

To study the Nd:YAG laser ablation of graphite−Co/Ni (1.2 at. %) and the growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in an Ar atmosphere at 1200 °C, we applied time-resolved imaging and spectroscopic techniques. These techniques are based on measuring the laser plume emission and light scattering of growing materials. Laser ablation was performed at a fluence of 1.7 J/cm2 at 1200 °C and at room temperature for comparison. At 1200 °C, we observed temporally and spatially dependent emissions of C, C2, Co, Ni, and Ar species. In addition, emission, probably due to hot clusters and/or particles grown through the interaction with Ar atoms, could be seen at up to 1.5 ms. This emission showed the images separating into two regions at >100 μs, resulting from the formation of vortexes. In the light scattering images at 2−1000 ms after 1200 °C ablation, we observed the vortexes propagating forward (about 7 cm from the target) during 200 ms and then flowing downward to the target. We suggest that the time available for the SWNT growth in the vortexes is from a few milliseconds to the order of 1 s.
Pharmacokinetics of Ranitidine in Morbidly Obese Women (1990)

The pharmacokinetics of a single dose of ranitidine 50 mg iv were determined in ten normal-weight and ten morbidly obese (&gt;90 percent ideal body weight) age-matched female subjects. No significant difference between normal and obese subjects was found in ranitidine peak serum concentration, volume of distribution, clearance, and elimination rate constant. Ranitidine volume of distribution and clearance were significantly smaller in the obese subjects per kilogram of total body weight (1.45 vs. 0.80 L/kg and 0.59 vs. 0.33 L/h/kg, respectively; p&lt;0.001) but not when normalized to ideal body weight (1.65 vs. 1.45 L/kg and 0.68 vs. 0.59 L/h/kg). We conclude that obese patients receiving ranitidine therapy should be treated with standard dosages or dosages based on ideal body weight.
A Different Approach in Transceiver Design for Full-Duplex MIMO Systems (2016)

We consider a single cell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, where a base-station (BS) operating in full-duplex (FD) mode serves multiple uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) mobile users operating in half-duplex (HD) mode, simultaneously. The self-interference at the BS, and co-channel interference (CCI) from UL users to DL users are both taken into account. We consider the transmit and receive filter design for sum- rate maximization subject to a sum-power constraint at the BS and individual power constraints at each UL user of the system under the limited dynamic range considerations at the transmitters and receivers. By reformulating this non-convex problem as an equivalent component-wise convex optimization problem with the addition of two auxiliary variables, we propose a low complexity algorithm which converges to a stationary point.
Power and spectral characterization of a SOI chip-based axicon-like lens with 850um-long, 5.7um-diameter central lobe (2020)

We present here a photonic chip based axicon like lens that has a 850 um long central lobe, with a diameter of 5.7 um. The 1.52 mm x 1.38 mm device consists of circular grating with a novel azimuthal apodization to increase light penetration depth by an order of magnitude and multiple stages of 1x2 multimode interferometer splitters/combiners. We characterize the axicon with a swept source laser (1300 +/- 50 nm) coupled in with a GRIN lens onto the device, with the light out-coupled from a regular grating coupler. We also characterize the spectral performance of the device, using balanced homodyne detection to resolve the power, and show that the position of the central lobe does not vary significantly with wavelength.
We-Coupling! (2017)

Positive social and collaborative effects are hailed as a major advantage of embodied and tangible approaches to interaction. This studio offers a hands-on exploration of potentially extreme versions of such benefits Systems and techniques that somehow share or transfer embodiment between two or more people. Through participatory demos, studio attendees will explore and compare a variety of approaches to experiencing the perspectives of another body, and controlling bodies other than their own. These comparisons will be a launch pad for collaboratively combining existing "body sharing" systems and mocking up new design concepts. By bringing together ideas and approaches in an actionable manner, this studio will share and develop imagination, theory, and skills relevant to the design and study of interactive systems in which the body plays a central role.
ANTIGENIC MODULATION (1968)

Antigenic modulation (the loss of TL antigens from TL+ cells exposed to TL antibody in the absence of lytic complement) has been demonstrated in vitro. An ascites leukemia, phenotype TL.1,2,3, which modulates rapidly and completely when incubated with TL antiserum in vitro, was selected for further study of the phenomenon. Over a wide range of TL antibody concentrations modulation at 37 degrees C was detectable within 10 min and was complete within approximately 1 hr. The cells were initially sensitized to C' by their contact with antibody, thereafter losing this sensitivity to C' lysis together with their sensitivity to TL antibody and C' in the cytotoxic test. The capacity of the cells to undergo modulation was abolished by actinomycin D and by iodoacetamide, and by reducing the temperature of incubation to 0 degrees C. Thus modulation apparently is an active cellular process. Antigens TL. 1,2, and 3 are all modulated by anti-TL.1,3 serum and by anti-TL.3 serum. This modulation affects all three TL components together, even when antibody to one or two of them is lacking. aAnti-TL.2 serum does not induce modulation and in fact impairs modulation by the other TL antibodies. The influence of the TL phenotype of cells upon the demonstrable content of H-2 (D region) isoantigen, first shown in cells modulated in vivo, has been observed with cells modulated in vitro. Cells undergoing modulation show a progressive increase in H-2 (D region) antigen over a period of 4 hr, with no change in H-2 antigens of the K region. Restoration of the TL+ phenotype of modulated cells after removal of antibody is less rapid than TL+ --> TL- modulation and may require several cell divisions.
Estimation of T2* in functional spectroscopy during visual stimulation (1996)

Changes in T2* of activated pixels were estimated using single voxel and 1D chemical shift imaging (CSI) proton spectroscopy during visual stimulation. A single voxel was angulated and positioned to enclose activated pixels as determined by a corresponding functional MRI study. Eddy currents in angulated voxel studies produced a bump in the water peak, which was removed by modeling a biexponential function with two frequencies to fit the time domain data. The results show approximately 1.8% T2* change when averaged over five subjects. Non-angulated voxels, which do not enclose the activated pixels as closely as the angulated voxels but are free from eddy current artifacts were also studied. It was possible to separate the contributions from brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in the non-angulated voxels through a two-compartment model. Changes in the T2* during stimulation were detected for the tissue compartment only. Fitting also determined the amplitude of the water signal which is directly related to any T1 or in-flow related changes. The results show negligible changes in the amplitude. The height of the water peak in frequency domain, which is directly related to T2*, was found to increase during stimulation in a proportionate manner. The peak height was also used to localize activation in the visual cortex in 1D CSI experiments. It is concluded that T2* changes reflecting a blood oxygenation level dependent or BOLD effect are demonstrated in these studies.
Defining the contribution of T cell exhaustion to failed immunity during TB (2016)

Abstract Tuberculosis is a pulmonary disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, which affects approximately one third of the global population and is a major public health concern. Although T cells are essential in mediating protection against Mtb infection, they are often unable to sterilize infected tissues. One possible reason for an ineffective immune response is the onset of T cell exhaustion or dysfunction. T cell exhaustion is characterized by the progressive loss of T cell effector function accompanied by an increase in expression of inhibitory receptors. Here we show that during Mtb infection, T cells express the inhibitory molecules Tim3 and PD1, and T cells that express both Tim3 and PD1 have decreased IFNγ and TNF production. In addition, antibody blockade of Tim3 improves T cell function and decreases bacterial burden. These results indicate that T cells are functionally exhausted during chronic Mtb infection and that blockade of inhibitory receptors can re-invigorate T cell function and improve the outcome of infection. Based on a possible role for CEACAM1 in the T cell inhibitory signal mediated by Tim3, we are currently performing experiments to determine how CEACAM1 affects host defense against Mtb. Understanding the roles of inhibitory receptors, such as Tim3 and PD1, during Mtb infection is providing insight into why T cell immunity is insufficient to eradicate Mtb infection.
Assessing motion-coherency in video watermarking (2006)

Motion coherent watermarking has been recently proposed as a means to combat temporal frame averaging along the motion axis (MC-TFA). The fundamental idea consists in exploiting motion-compensation primitives to force a physcal point of the scene to always carry the same watermark sample wherever it is projected in the video. However, for a given watermarking system, there is no simple tool to assess whether the produced watermark is motion-coherent or not. Today, this assessment relies on a computationally expensive procedure, namely (i) embed a watermark, (ii) perform the MC-TFA attack, (iii) check for the presence of the watermark. Therefore, the goal of this article is to provide the community with an efficient and accurate oracle which reports whether a video sequence contains any non-motion coherent component or not. This is done in practice by looking at the statistics of the difference between a frame and a motion predicted version of it.
T1-Weighted Sodium MRI of the Articulator Cartilage in Osteoarthritis: A Cross Sectional and Longitudinal Study (2013)

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown great utility in diagnosing soft tissue burden in osteoarthritis (OA), though MRI measures of cartilage integrity have proven more elusive. Sodium MRI can reflect the proteoglycan content of cartilage; however, it requires specialized hardware, acquisition sequences, and long imaging times. This study was designed to assess the potential of a clinically feasible sodium MRI acquisition to detect differences in the knee cartilage of subjects with OA versus healthy controls (HC), and to determine whether longitudinal changes in sodium content are observed at 3 and 6 months. 28 subjects with primary knee OA and 19 HC subjects age and gender matched were enrolled in this ethically-approved study. At baseline, 3 and 6 months subjects underwent structural MRI and a 0.4ms echo time 3D T1-weighted sodium scan as well as the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and knee pain by visual analogue score (VAS). A standing radiograph of the knee was taken for Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) scoring. A blinded reader outlined the cartilage on the structural images which was used to determine median T1-weighted sodium concentrations in each region of interest on the co-registered sodium scans. VAS, K-L, and KOOS all significantly separated the OA and HC groups. OA subjects had higher T1-weighted sodium concentrations, most strongly observed in the lateral tibial, lateral femoral and medial patella ROIs. There were no significant changes in cartilage volume or sodium concentration over 6 months. This study has shown that a clinically-feasible sodium MRI at a moderate 3T field strength and imaging time with fluid attenuation by T1 weighting significantly separated HCs from OA subjects.
Racial Difference in the Incidence of Retinal Detachment in Singapore (1999)

The incidence of RD is strongly associated with male sex and ethnic origin.
Integrins as Therapeutic Targets for SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

OPINION article Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 29 April 2022Sec. Virus and Host https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.892323
Revue des nouveaux standards de Télécoms Terrestres (2006)

Rapport de contrat CNES
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudo‐Sugars. Part 16. Facile Synthesis of Pseudo‐α‐D and L‐Glucopyranoses. (1987)

Abstract The cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (‐)‐(IIa) is prepared either by HBr treatment of the tricyclononanone (+)‐(I) as shown in the scheme or by optical resolution of the racemic acid (±)‐(IIa) using (+)‐α‐methylbenzylamine.
Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 5: correlation between radiographic and functional outcome (2005)

At the present time, there is no Class I or II medical evidence to indicate that the appearance of a radiographic fusion is significantly associated with improved functional outcomes. The majority of Class III medical evidence does suggest that successful radiographic fusion is associated with improved clinical outcomes. It is widely acknowledged that this relationship is not perfect.
Reliability Testing of SiC MOS Devices at 500°C (2019)

A test bed was developed to evaluate the reliability of high temperature microelectronic devices and integrated circuits. This setup allows the measurement of current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) at temperatures as high as 500°C. In this paper we present results obtained in the electrical characterization of SiC MOS capacitors and ohmic contacts at high temperature under storage or operation at temperatures reaching 500°C. They show that SiC MOS capacitors and ohmic contacts using TaSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Pt/Au stacks resist very well to aging at high temperature without electric bias. On the other hand, when these devices are operated at high temperatures, high-temperature-activated traps change the device characteristics, resulting in permanent flat band voltage shifts, temperature dependent flatband-voltage shifts and hysteresis of the C-V curves.
Observation of Optically Addressable Nonvolatile Memory in VO2 at Room Temperature (2021)

Abstract Vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) is a phase change material that can reversibly change between high and low resistivity states through electronic and structural phase transitions. Thus far, VO 2 memory devices have essentially been volatile at room temperature, and nonvolatile memory has required non‐ambient surroundings (e.g., elevated temperatures, electrolytes) and long write times. For the first time, here, the authors report the observation of optically addressable nonvolatile memory in VO 2 at room temperature with a readout by voltage oscillations. The read and write times have to be kept shorter than about 150 µs. The writing of the memory and onset of the voltage oscillations have a minimum optical power threshold. Although the physical mechanisms underlying this memory effect require further investigations, this discovery illustrates the potential of VO 2 for new computing devices and architectures, such as artificial neurons and oscillatory neural networks.
Local stabilizer codes in 3D without string logical operators (2011)

We suggest concrete models for self-correcting quantum memory by reporting examples of local stabilizer codes in 3D that have no string operators. Previously known local stabilizer codes in 3D all have string-like operators, which make the codes non-self-correcting. We introduce a notion of logical string segments to avoid difficulties in defining one dimensional objects in discrete lattices. We prove that every string-like operator of our code can be deformed to a disjoint union of short segments, and each segment is in the stabilizer group. The code has surface-like operators whose partial implementation has unsatisfied stabilizers along its boundary.
Transcriptional Activation of the Bacillus subtilis ackA Promoter Requires Sequences Upstream of the CcpA Binding Site (2001)

Carbon catabolite protein A (CcpA) is a global regulator of carbon metabolism in gram-positive bacteria, repressing transcription of genes for the utilization of secondary carbon sources in the presence of a readily metabolized carbon source and activating transcription of genes, such as ackA and pta, that are required for carbon excretion. The promoter region of the Bacillus subtilis ackA gene contains two catabolite responsive elements (cre sites), of which only the site closest to the promoter (cre2) binds CcpA to activate transcription. A region immediately upstream of the cre2 site is also important for transcriptional activation. The required elements in this region were further defined by mutagenesis. CcpA binds to the ackA promoter region in gel shift assays even in the presence of mutations in the upstream element that block transcriptional activation, indicating that this region has a function other than promoting binding of CcpA.
Redundancy and Analog Slicing for Precise In-Memory Machine Learning—Part II: Applications and Benchmark (2021)

In-memory computing (IMC) is attracting interest for accelerating data-intensive computing tasks, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and scientific calculus. IMC is typically conducted in the analog domain in crosspoint arrays of resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices or memristors. However, the precision of analog operations can be hindered by various sources of noise, such as the nonlinearity of the circuit components and the programming variations due to stuck devices and stochastic switching. Here we demonstrate high-precision IMC by a custom program-verify algorithm that uses redundancy to limit the impact of stuck devices and analog slicing to encode the analog programming error in a separate memory cell. The PageRank problem, consisting of the calculation of the principal eigenvector, is shown as a reference problem, adopting a fully integrated RRAM circuit. We extend these results to also include a convolutional neural network (CNN). We demonstrate a computing accuracy of 6.7 equivalent number of bits (ENOBs). Finally, we compare our results to the solution of the same problem by a static random access memory (SRAM)-based IMC, showcasing an advantage for the RRAM implementation in terms of energy efficiency and scaling.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Mutations in BRAF and KRAS Converge on Activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Lung Cancer Mouse Models (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Mutations in BRAF and KRAS Converge on Activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Lung Cancer Mouse Models
iCassava 2019 Fine-Grained Visual Categorization Challenge (2019)

Viral diseases are major sources of poor yields for cassava, the 2nd largest provider of carbohydrates in Africa.At least 80% of small-holder farmer households in Sub-Saharan Africa grow cassava. Since many of these farmers have smart phones, they can easily obtain photos of dis-eased and healthy cassava leaves in their farms, allowing the opportunity to use computer vision techniques to monitor the disease type and severity and increase yields. How-ever, annotating these images is extremely difficult as ex-perts who are able to distinguish between highly similar dis-eases need to be employed. We provide a dataset of labeled and unlabeled cassava leaves and formulate a Kaggle challenge to encourage participants to improve the performance of their algorithms using semi-supervised approaches. This paper describes our dataset and challenge which is part of the Fine-Grained Visual Categorization workshop at CVPR2019.
Power of data in quantum machine learning (2020)

The use of quantum computing for machine learning is among the most exciting prospective applications of quantum technologies. However, machine learning tasks where data is provided can be considerably different than commonly studied computational tasks. In this work, we show that some problems that are classically hard to compute can be easily predicted by classical machines learning from data. Using rigorous prediction error bounds as a foundation, we develop a methodology for assessing potential quantum advantage in learning tasks. The bounds are tight asymptotically and empirically predictive for a wide range of learning models. These constructions explain numerical results showing that with the help of data, classical machine learning models can be competitive with quantum models even if they are tailored to quantum problems. We then propose a projected quantum model that provides a simple and rigorous quantum speed-up for a learning problem in the fault-tolerant regime. For near-term implementations, we demonstrate a significant prediction advantage over some classical models on engineered data sets designed to demonstrate a maximal quantum advantage in one of the largest numerical tests for gate-based quantum machine learning to date, up to 30 qubits.
MAA evolution: Common access/backhaul reference platform (2015)

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: modular antenna array (MAA); 5G communication; MIMO communication; link budget calculation; antenna beam steering; beamforming in millimeter wave system; and multiple access with MAA.
Algebraic Algorithms for Vector Network Coding (2011)

We develop new algebraic algorithms for scalar and vector network coding. In vector network coding, the source multicasts information by transmitting vectors of length L, while intermediate nodes process and combine their incoming packets by multiplying them with L × L coding matrices that play a similar role as coding coefficients in scalar coding. We start our work by extending the algebraic framework developed for multicasting over graphs by Koetter and Medard to include operations over matrices; we build on this generalized framework, to provide a new approach for both scalar and vector code design which attempts to minimize the employed field size and employed vector length, while selecting the coding operations. Our algorithms also lead as a special case to network code designs that employ structured matrices.
Tumor Cell Expression of Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 72 is Influenced by HSP72 [HSPA1B A(1267)G] Polymorphism and Predicts Survival in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Patients (2012)

The inducible heat shock protein (HSP)72 plays a central role in antitumor immunomodulation. HSP72 expression was assessed on tumor samples of 43 patients with advanced and metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by immunohistochemistry and HSP72 [HSPA1B A(1267)G] polymorphism was determined. HSP72 expression of SCLC cells was significantly decreased in GG as compared to cells of AA or AG genotype patients, and was associated with significantly shorter survival in GG patients as compared to carriers of the A allele. Decreased HSP72 expression of SCLC cells associated with HSP72 GG genotype is a negative prognostic factor for survival in SCLC patients.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Scalable Ritter Reaction for the Synthesis of tert‐Butyl Amides. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.