gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The interaction of agonists and noncompetitive antagonists at the excitatory amino acid receptors in rat retinal ganglion cells in vitro (1988)

The pharmacological properties of the interaction between the excitatory amino acid (EAA) analogs kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) have been examined on the isolated rat retinal ganglion cell preparation. In addition, we have studied the effects on this interaction of 2 noncompetitive NMDA antagonists, the dissociative anesthetic phencyclidine (PCP) and the anticonvulsant MK-801. Electrophysiological measurements were performed with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique on cultured ganglion cells that had been back-labeled with a fluorescent dye. Whereas only 69% of the cells showed responses to NMDA (in the absence of extracellular Mg2+), every ganglion cell responded to kainate under the same conditions. When a given cell was voltage-clamped at -60 mV, the large inward currents elicited by 125 microM kainate generally exceeded the responses evoked by 200 microM NMDA, when present, by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude. There was a poor correlation between the magnitudes of the currents produced by both agonists for the population of cells tested. Furthermore, NMDA proved to be an antagonist for the kainate receptor binding site. Without influencing the kainate-activated currents, PCP (75 microM) and MK-801 (20 microM) completely and reversibly blocked the responses evoked by NMDA (200 microM), independent of the membrane holding potential. The degree of block produced by a submaximal concentration of either antagonist was accentuated by increasing the concentration of NMDA. The independence of NMDA and kainate currents was examined. In the presence of NMDA and PCP (or MK-801), kainate-induced responses were comparable in amplitude to those generated by the application of kainate and NMDA together. Thus, kainate continued to produce an increase in membrane conductance at a time when NMDA-activated currents were blocked by either antagonist. The NMDA antagonism of kainate-induced currents was shown to be constant and independent of PCP or MK-801. Our results suggest that the 2 EAA analogs might not share a common ionophore, but rather activate separate receptor-ion channel complexes in rat retinal ganglion cell membranes.
Atmospheric Dispersion of CO2 Containing Impurities (2012)

Dispersion modeling of CO2 release scenarios needs to be included as part of a quantitative risk analysis when designing or operating CO2 pipelines, as discussed in Chapter 11. Analysis of release conditions, and subsequent dispersion, can help evaluate factors that increase the risk of a loss due to physical or toxicological impacts (e.g., emergency shutdown valve spacing). Simulation of a CO2 release presents new challenges when compared to simulation of natural gas releases. One of these challenges is the dispersion characteristics of a CO2 pipeline release to atmosphere. Although a CO2 release does not pose an explosion risk as with a natural gas pipeline, the released CO2 disperses as a nonflammable dense (i.e., heavier than air) cloud that can potentially create hazardous conditions for some distance from the release site. Dispersion modeling techniques need to address the dense-gas specific behavior of a CO2 release, for example, gravity slumping that leads to increased dispersion and air entrainment in the cross-wind direction. As CO2 pipelines are a relatively young technology, compared to hydrocarbon pipelines, the dispersion modeling techniques are still being refined to account for CO2-specific phenomena such as solid particle (dry ice) formation in the cold depressurized jet.
Cutting Edge: Identification of Hepatitis C Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Restricted by Donor HLA Alleles following Liver Transplantation (2004)

Abstract By necessity, human liver transplantation is performed across HLA barriers. As a result, intracellular infection of the allograft presents a unique immunologic challenge for the recipient’s immune system. In this study, we describe the presence of HLA-A2-restricted, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cells in liver transplant recipients in whom the allograft is HLA-A2 positive and the recipient is HLA-A2 negative. These memory-effector T cells are recipient derived and recognize HCV peptide uniquely in the context of HLA-A2. Furthermore, these cells were absent before the transplant, suggesting that the allograft is capable of selectively expanding naive CD8+ T cells. The in vitro specificity to donor HLA allele-restricted CD8+ T cells suggests that these cells may function to control HCV spread in the allograft.
Operationally Simple, Efficient, and Diastereoselective Synthesis of cis‐2,6‐Disubstituted‐4‐methylene Tetrahydropyrans Catalyzed by Triflic Acid. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Epigenomic Alterations in Localized and Advanced Prostate Cancer (2013)

Although prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide, not all men diagnosed with PCa will die from the disease. A critical challenge, therefore, is to distinguish indolent PCa from more advanced forms to guide appropriate treatment decisions. We used Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing, a genome-wide high-coverage single-base resolution DNA methylation method to profile seven localized PCa samples, seven matched benign prostate tissues, and six aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) samples. We integrated these data with RNA-seq and whole-genome DNA-seq data to comprehensively characterize the PCa methylome, detect changes associated with disease progression, and identify novel candidate prognostic biomarkers. Our analyses revealed the correlation of cytosine guanine dinucleotide island (CGI)-specific hypermethylation with disease severity and association of certain breakpoints (deletion, tandem duplications, and interchromosomal translocations) with DNA methylation. Furthermore, integrative analysis of methylation and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) uncovered widespread allele-specific methylation (ASM) for the first time in PCa. We found that most DNA methylation changes occurred in the context of ASM, suggesting that variations in tumor epigenetic landscape of individuals are partly mediated by genetic differences, which may affect PCa disease progression. We further selected a panel of 13 CGIs demonstrating increased DNA methylation with disease progression and validated this panel in an independent cohort of 20 benign prostate tissues, 16 PCa, and 8 aggressive CRPCs. These results warrant clinical evaluation in larger cohorts to help distinguish indolent PCa from advanced disease.
Superlinear Population Encoding of Dynamic Hand Trajectory in Primary Motor Cortex (2004)

Neural activity in primary motor cortex (MI) is known to correlate with hand position and velocity. Previous descriptions of this tuning have (1) been linear in position or velocity, (2) depended only instantaneously on these signals, and/or (3) not incorporated the effects of interneuronal dependencies on firing rate. We show here that many MI cells encode a superlinear function of the full time-varying hand trajectory. Approximately 20% of MI cells carry information in the hand trajectory beyond just the position, velocity, and acceleration at a single time lag. Moreover, approximately one-third of MI cells encode the trajectory in a significantly superlinear manner; as one consequence, even small position changes can dramatically modulate the gain of the velocity tuning of MI cells, in agreement with recent psychophysical evidence. We introduce a compact nonlinear "preferred trajectory" model that predicts the complex structure of the spatiotemporal tuning functions described in previous work. Finally, observing the activity of neighboring cells in the MI network significantly increases the predictability of the firing rate of a single MI cell; however, we find interneuronal dependencies in MI to be much more locked to external kinematic parameters than those described recently in the hippocampus. Nevertheless, this neighbor activity is approximately as informative as the hand velocity, supporting the view that neural encoding in MI is best understood at a population level.
Macroscopic Neural Oscillation during Skilled Reaching Movements in Humans (2016)

The neural mechanism of skilled movements, such as reaching, has been considered to differ from that of rhythmic movement such as locomotion. It is generally thought that skilled movements are consciously controlled by the brain, while rhythmic movements are usually controlled autonomously by the spinal cord and brain stem. However, several studies in recent decades have suggested that neural networks in the spinal cord may also be involved in the generation of skilled movements. Moreover, a recent study revealed that neural activities in the motor cortex exhibit rhythmic oscillations corresponding to movement frequency during reaching movements as rhythmic movements. However, whether the oscillations are generated in the spinal cord or the cortical circuit in the motor cortex causes the oscillations is unclear. If the spinal cord is involved in the skilled movements, then similar rhythmic oscillations with time delays should be found in macroscopic neural activity. We measured whole-brain MEG signals during reaching. The MEG signals were analyzed using a dynamical analysis method. We found that rhythmic oscillations with time delays occur in all subjects during reaching movements. The results suggest that the corticospinal system is involved in the generation and control of the skilled movements as rhythmic movements.
Motion sketching for control of rigid-body simulations (2003)

Motion sketching is an approach for creating realistic rigid-body motion. In this approach, an animator sketches how objects should move and the system computes a physically plausible motion that best fits the sketch. The sketch is specified with a mouse-based interface or with hand-gestures, which move instrumented objects in the real world to act out the desired behaviors. The sketches may be imprecise, may be physically infeasible, or may have incorrect timing. A multiple-shooting optimization estimates the parameters of a rigid-body simulation needed to simulate an animation that matches the sketch with physically plausible timing and motion. This technique applies to physical simulations of multiple colliding rigid bodies possibly connected with joints in a tree (open-loop) topology.
Potential Role of Dual NF-κB and Oxidative Stress Pathway Inhibitor, OT-304 as a Novel Drug Resistance-Reversing Agent. (2007)

Abstract The development of resistance to chemotherapy represents an adaptive biological response by tumor cells that leads to treatment failure and patient relapse. During the course of their evolution (intrinsic resistance) or in response to chemotherapy (acquired resistance), tumor cells may undergo genetic alterations to possess a drug resistant phenotype. Dysregulation of membrane transport proteins and cellular enzymes, as well as altered susceptibility to commit to apoptosis are among the mechanisms that contribute to the genesis of acquired drug resistance. Recently, the development of approaches to prevent and/or to reverse this phenomenon has attracted special interest and a number of drug candidates have been identified. Despite strong effects observed for these candidates in vitro, however, most of them fail in vivo. In the present study, we have identified a novel small molecule inhibitor of dual NF-κB and oxidative stress pathways, OT-304, as a potential candidate to reverse drug resistance. Initial investigations indicate that this compound effectively inhibits proliferation of doxorubicin-sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant cells to the same extent, suggesting that it is capable of bypassing the development of drug resistance. Additional experiments reveal that OT-304 enhances cancer cell sensitivity to doxorubicin and to etoposide, particularly in cells characterized by the over-expression of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein. These findings suggest that either the expression/and or the function of P-glycoprotein could be affected by OT-304. In vivo studies using tumor xenografts in nude mice showed that OT-304 is also capable of preventing the growth of drug resistant cancer cells. This later finding further confirms the role of OT-304 as a drug resistance-reversing agent and warrants further pre-clinical and clinical investigation to determine its efficacy in treating aggressive tumors.
112-Gb/s PAM4 transmission using polymer-waveguide-coupled silicon-photonics for next-generation co-packaged optics (2022)

A technology of co-packaged optics, which is mounting photonics integrated circuits and electronic integrated circuits on the same board, is essential to meet the demands of high-capacity transmission in data centers. In this respect, polymer optical waveguides have attracted much attention because of mechanical stability, excellent processability, and compatibility with electronic circuits. To achieve high-capacity optical transmission, we are developing a new package substrate, which we call active optical package (AOP) substrate, as a solution of co-packaged optics. The AOP substrate consists of a conventional organic package substrate such as glass-epoxy substrates, on which silicon photonics dies are embedded and SMF connectors are mounted. In the AOP, the silicon photonics inputs/outputs (I/Os) and the optical connectors are connected by 3D optical wiring technology that has a function of converting the pitch size. The 3D optical wiring is realized with a pair of micro-mirrors and a single-mode polymer waveguide. First, we have evaluated the high-speed optical transmission performance of a single-mode polymer optical waveguide for LAN-WDM network. We observed there was no noticeable penalty for optical transmission for all LAN-WDM channels. And then, we demonstrate transmission of an AOP substrate comprising of silicon waveguide, two micro-mirrors and polymer waveguide. Transmission of 112-Gb/s PAM4 optical signal was performed without noticeable penalty up to 85 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Mediated Fluorination of Functionalized Aryl Stannanes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A non-invasive and inexpensive capnography device for the monitoring of COPD and other pulmonary diseases (2014)

The present work introduces the validation results for assessment of End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) concentrations and breathing patterns from a new ultrafast colorimetric sensor. The performance of the new sensor is compared to an infrared carbon dioxide commercial analyzer. Correlation analysis of EtCO2 levels from both methods indicated an accuracy of nearly 100%, with a correlation coefficient >0.85. In addition, the capability of the new sensor to discriminate between normal and abnormal breathing patterns was assessed via comparative paired t-test. The overall performance of the new sensor is satisfactory, and opens the possibility of low-cost and ambulatory respiratory analysis for patients with respiratory diseases.
Supporting Collaborative Decision Processes (2013)

Collaborative Decision Processes focus on long-running, multi-faceted decisions (e.g., the planning and approval process for a municipal development project) made by teams of people. Such decisions can draw on the crowd in a variety of ways, by enabling large-scale on-line brainstorming, crowd-sourced queries, and text mining to determine public sentiments and derive new insights. Such decision processes consist of a combination of structured and highly unconstrained, human-drive activities. This paper describes a framework and a prototype system for support of collaborative decision processes based on declarative, data-centric dynamic artifacts and Advanced Case Management.
Thermal Comfort Aware Online Energy Management Framework for a Smart Residential Building (2021)

Energy management in buildings equipped with renewable energy is vital for reducing electricity costs and maximizing occupant comfort. Despite several studies on the scheduling of appliances, a battery, and heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC), there is a lack of a comprehensive and time-scalable approach that integrates predictive information such as renewable generation and thermal comfort. In this paper, we propose an online energy management framework to incorporate the optimal energy scheduling and prediction model of PV generation and thermal comfort by the model predictive control (MPC) approach. The energy management problem is formulated as coordinated three optimization problems covering a fast and slow time-scale.This reduces the time complexity without a significant negative impact on the global nature and quality of the result. Experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves optimal energy management that takes into account the trade-off between the electricity bill and thermal comfort.
A Protocometary Cloud around HR 4796A? (1998)

We report both ROSAT observations and ground-based 10.8 km imaging of the wide binary HR 4796, which consists of a main-sequence A-type star with a large amount of circumstellar dust, HR 4796A, and, at a separation of a premain-sequence M-type companion, HR 4796B. From the ROSAT 7A .7, data, we nd that the X-ray emission is centered on HR 4796B, with
The association between early neurological deterioration and whole blood purine concentration during acute stroke (2019)

Although the study lacked statistical power, early WBPC measurement could be a convenient biomarker for identifying acute stroke patients at risk of END, but further evaluation is required.
Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Zeolites: Synthesis of Group IV Metal Alkyls and Metal Hydrides on Hierarchical Mesoporous H-ZSM-5 (2022)

Surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) has mainly been devoted to the reaction of organometallics with surfaces comprising highly divided and dehydroxylated oxides. The field has been extended to SOMC on metal nanoparticles. However, to the best of our knowledge, SOMC has not been extended to hierarchical fibrous zeolites, although zeolitic materials are a particular class of oxides. Zeolite catalysis is important in hydrocarbon industrial chemistry. However, having an optimum balance between the activity and selectivity of the zeolitic catalysts remains a major challenge in the field. The main difficultly is the plethora of surface sites, only some of which are catalytically active. Given that the acido–basic properties and porosity of zeolites are especially important to the refining and petrochemical industries, we decided to explore this rather unexplored area. Here, three novel well-defined single-site materials [(Np)3M@ZSM-5, M = Ti, Zr, and Hf] supported on a hierarchical mesoporous H-ZSM-5 material (1) are reported. They are prepared using the concepts and tools of SOMC. They are further converted to their corresponding metal hydride [(H)nM@ZSM-5, M = Ti, Zr, and Hf, (n = 1–2)] materials (5–7) through controlled hydrogenolysis of [(≡Si–O−)M(Np)3, M = Ti, Zr, and Hf] materials (2–4) under H2 (1 atm) at 150 °C for 16 h. All these surface catalysts are characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements, and scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses and are supported by density functional theory calculations. The catalytic activity of these well-defined single-site novel materials will be tested for the catalytic applications in petrochemistry for refinery processes such as hydrocracking of distillates from crude oil or intermediate refinery process streams to useful petroleum value-added products for the society.
On Transmission-Ratio Computation for the Control of a Continously Variable Transmission in Agricultural Tractors (2007)

This paper discusses the design of the transmission-ratio control for a power-split continuously variable transmission (CVT) used in agricultural tractors. In particular, we focus on transmission ratio control, highlighting the issues related to the computation of the controlled variable in presence of significant sensor quantization errors, which are particularly significant in the power-zero condition, where the tractor has to be kept still independently of the input engine speed. The validity of the design procedure is assessed on an experimental system.
The TolTEC camera: optical alignment and characterization (2022)

The TolTEC camera is an imaging polarimeter installed at the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) in Mexico during December 2021. This new camera uses polarization-sensitive Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) coupled to the 50 m LMT to produce high resolution images simultaneously at 1.1, 1.4, and 2.0 mm wavelengths. We present a description of the cryogenic camera optics, the warm coupling optics, and the techniques used for on-site alignment of TolTEC with the telescope and characterization of the optics.
Amplification of bleomycin-mediated degradation of DNA (1987)

Three simple and independent tests have been introduced for studying the effect of DNA intercalating compounds on the bleomycin-mediated digestion of DNA in vitro. These methods are based on hyperchromic changes of DNA solution, changes in viscosity of DNA solution, and HPLC quantitative analysis of the four bases released from digested DNA. All three tests give comparable results. However, the viscometric method is technically the simplest and at the same time the most sensitive. The amplification of the bleomycin-mediated degradation of DNA by three unfused heteropolyaromatic intercalator molecules, namely N-[2''-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-thien-2'-ylpyrimidin-2-amine (1N), N,N-dimethyl-2-[(4'-thien-2''-ylpyrimidin-2'-yl)thio] ethylamine (1S), and newly synthesized 2,5-bis[2'-[[2''-(dimethylamino)ethyl]thio]pyrimidin-4'yl]thiophene (2) correlates well with the respective DNA binding constants for these compounds and is concentration dependent. The amplification activity of these compounds increases with increasing concentrations. The strongly binding compound 2 is the best amplifier of bleomycin in vitro found so far. Fused heteropolyaromatic systems, like ethidium bromide, are modest amplifiers of bleomycin at low concentrations but strongly inhibit the bleomycin chemistry at high concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Isodicyclopentadienes and Related Molecules. Part 46. Stereoselective Formation from a (1S,5S)‐(‐)‐Verbenone‐Derived Cyclopentadiene of Dimeric and Mixed Titanium and Zirconium Dichloride Complexes. (1989)

Abstract The optically active (1R,8R)‐cyclopentadienide compound (I), synthesized from (1S,5S)‐(‐)‐verbenone, undergoes reaction with TiCl 3 ·3 THF (II), ZrCl 4 (III), (η5‐C5H5)TiCl3 (V), and (η5‐C5Me5)ZrCl3 (VII) to form a single complex in each case, viz.