gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU-C-224-02: A Low-Cost Thin-Film Digital Detector for KV and MV Dosimetry (2011)

Objective: A prototypical low-cost thin-film digital detector system is developed and tested for kV/MV dosimetry. Similarly to radio-graphic films, the detector is flexible, but its response is digitalized and transmitted to the host computer by a wireless sys-tem in real-time. Dosimetric properties of the detector are determined and compared to ion-chamber dosimetry. Material and Methods: Different thin-film detector cells in a solid water phantom were irradiated at various conditions: energies (80kVp, 130kVp, 6MV, 15MV), dose rates (different ms*mA, 100–600MU/min), total doses (0.1cGy–500cGy), depths (0.5cm–20cm), irradia-tion angles with respect to the detector surface (0°–180°), and IMRT tests (closed MLC, sweeping gap). Device properties were characterized in terms of the aforementioned parameters. The detector is an embedded-system consisting of an ultra low-power microcontroller, RF transmitter, a low-noise adjustable amplification circuit and commercial available (of the shelf) flexible thin-film photodiodes. The signal is amplified and transmitted via a wireless system to be integrated and proc-essed on the host computer. Results: The detector response is linear with total dose and does not depend on dose rate. Its energy response is similar to that of ionization chamber and gafchromic film. No angular dependence is observed for anterior beams, but small angular depend-ence is observed for posterior beams. The detector can measure both MV and kV doses. Gain and frequency of sampling need to be maximized to obtain accurate dose for low instantaneous dose rate conditions such as closed MLC irradiations. Conclusion: Even in this early stage of development, the properties of the thin-film photodiode detector are comparable to the standard ionization chamber measurements. Due to its mechanical flexibility, the low-cost realization of the device and the wireless data acquisition it is ideal for quality assurance and specifically for real-time dose monitoring in challenging QA setup con-figurations, including large-area and 3D detection.
Transmission performances of 400 Gbps coherent 16-QAM multi-band OFDM adopting nonlinear mitigation techniques (2015)

We experimentally study the transmission of a 400 Gbps coherent 16-QAM multi-band OFDM superchannel over a 10×100 km G.652 fibre-based WDM transmission line. We investigate the performance of Volterra-based and digital back-propagation-based nonlinear equalizers over three scenarios with different quantities of inter-channel nonlinearities.
Design of High-efficiency Visible-Spectrum SiN Grating Coupler Based on Amorphous Silicon Overlay (2022)

Design of high-efficiency visible-spectrum silicon nitride grating couplers, compatible with CMOS fabrication are proposed. The design is based on amorphous-silicon overlay and distributed-Bragg-reflectors. We simulated 74% and 79% efficiency for 638 nm and 780 nm.
Effect of surfactant-added developer on development of the chemically amplified photoresist (2000)

We have investigated effects of surfactant on the wettability of developer to chemically amplified resists and dissolution characteristics of the resists. The results show that surfactants enhance the wettability of developer to the resists. However, surfactant-added developer,in the case of positive resists, caused higher dissolution rate of unexposed and less exposed regions. The degree of higher dissolution rate also depends upon the molecular structure of surfactant. We have found the specific molecular structure of surfactant to improve the wettability without causing higher dissolution of unexposed and less exposed regions: Ester bonding for a tertiary butyloxycarbonyl (t-Boc) type and an acetal type of chemically amplified resist, and the alkylphenyl structure for an annealing type of resist. In the case of negative resist, the dissolution rate was not changed by addition of surfactant to developer. We have clarified that the suitable combination of surfactant and positive resist is required to utilize to the maximum the advantages of the surfactant addition, wettability improvement and volume reduction of developer.
Study of near surface changes in yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia after low temperature degradation (2009)

Abstract Full tetragonal 3 mol.% Y 2 O 3 doped zirconia has been subjected to hydrothermal ageing in water at 131 °C in order to study the change in microstructure just below the surface. The degraded layer was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in a section perpendicular to the surface which was prepared by focus ion beam machining. The existence of microcracks and transformed grains in a thin surface layer of the hydrothermal degraded specimens is shown. Scratch damage in annealed and in thermally degraded specimens is compared.
Search for top quark decays t → qH with H → γγ using the ATLAS detector (2014)

A search is performed for flavour-changing neutral currents in the decay of a top quark to an up-type (c, u) quark and a Higgs boson, where the Higgs boson decays to two photons. The proton-proton collision data set used corresponds to 4.7 fb -1 at s = 7 TeV and 20.3 fb -1 at s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC.
roadscene2vec: A Tool for Extracting and Embedding Road Scene-Graphs (2021)

Recently, road scene-graph representations used in conjunction with graph learning techniques have been shown to outperform state-of-the-art deep learning techniques in tasks including action classification, risk assessment, and collision prediction. To enable the exploration of applications of road scene-graph representations, we introduce roadscene2vec: an open-source tool for extracting and embedding road scene-graphs. The goal of roadscene2vec is to enable research into the applications and capabilities of road scene-graphs by providing tools for generating scene-graphs, graph learning models to generate spatio-temporal scene-graph embeddings, and tools for visualizing and analyzing scene-graph-based methodologies. The capabilities of roadscene2vec include (i) customized scene-graph generation from either video clips or data from the CARLA simulator, (ii) multiple configurable spatio-temporal graph embedding models and baseline CNN-based models, (iii) built-in functionality for using graph and sequence embeddings for risk assessment and collision prediction applications, (iv) tools for evaluating transfer learning, and (v) utilities for visualizing scene-graphs and analyzing the explainability of graph learning models. We demonstrate the utility of roadscene2vec for these use cases with experimental results and qualitative evaluations for both graph learning models and CNN-based models. roadscene2vec is available at https://github.com/AICPS/roadscene2vec.
CD Spectroscopic Study of Absolute Conformation and Configuration of Some 4-Hydroxychromans (1995)

Abstract CD data of the optically active 4-hydroxy (1–5) and 4-acetoxy chromans (6–8) were analyzed by two different approaches. The Snatzke-Antus treatment of chiraly perturbed chromane chromophore revealed M absolute conformation and 4S absolute configuration of the alcohols, i.e. P absolute conformation and 4R absolute configuration of the acetates. The proposed absolute configuration of the optically active alcohols was confirmed for 1 and 2 by the chiral excitone coupling method applied on their benzoates 9 and 10.
Robust algorithms for packet routing in a mesh (1989)

Article Robust algorithms for packet routing in a mesh Share on Author: P. Raghavan IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims SPAA '89: Proceedings of the first annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architecturesMarch 1989 Pages 344–350https://doi.org/10.1145/72935.72972Online:01 March 1989Publication History 15citation134DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations15Total Downloads134Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Sex-specific influence of DRD 2 on ADHD-type temperament in a large population-based birth cohort (2012)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a significant public-health impact. Previously, we described a candidate gene study in a population-based birth cohort that demonstrated an association with ADHD-affected males and the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2). The current study evaluates potential associations of dopamine receptor genes and Cloninger temperament traits within this same sample. Participants with stringent lifetime ADHD diagnoses were ascertained systematically from the genetically isolated Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort (n=9432), resulting in 178 cases and 157 controls. Markers in all known dopamine receptor genes were genotyped. We report an association of DRD2 with low Persistence in females (rs1079727 P=0.02, rs1124491 P=0.02, rs1800497 P=0.03). The associated DRD2 minor allelic haplotype (CAA, P=0.03) is the same haplotype we previously associated with ADHD in males in this birth cohort. The current study further supports previous results on the role of DRD2 in individuals with ADHD. Investigations suggest that DRD2 may have an impact on both males and females, but the particular outcome appears sex-specific, manifesting as ADHD in males and low Persistence in females. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the putative role of low Persistence as an endophenotype for ADHD deserves further investigation.
Recommending Targeted Strangers from Whom to Solicit Information on Social Media (2014)

We present an intelligent, crowd-powered information collection system that automatically identifies and asks target-ed strangers on Twitter for desired information (e.g., cur-rent wait time at a nightclub). Our work includes three parts. First, we identify a set of features that characterize ones willingness and readiness to respond based on their exhibited social behavior, including the content of their tweets and social interaction patterns. Second, we use the identified features to build a statistical model that predicts ones likelihood to respond to information solicitations. Third, we develop a recommendation algorithm that selects a set of targeted strangers using the probabilities computed by our statistical model with the goal to maximize the over-all response rate. Our experiments, including several in the real world, demonstrate the effectiveness of our work.
Experimental Study of Lateral Control of Heavy Vehicles for Automated Highway Systems (AHS) (2002)

In this paper, we present a comparative experimental study of lateral controllers of heavy vehicles for automated driving. Three controllers, a sliding mode controller, a linear feedback controller with a feedforward compensation and a linear feedback controller, are compared by analysis and by experiments. They are closely related to one another by means of the constituting terms of the controllers. Experiments are conducted on a test vehicle, a tractor-semitrailer combination, on a 2000m long test track. Some implementation issues as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each controller are discussed.
Multicast Beamforming Using Semidefinite Relaxation and Bounded Perturbation Resilience (2019)

Semidefinite relaxation followed by randomization is a well-known approach for approximating a solution to the NP-hard max-min fair multicast beamforming problem. While providing a good approximation to the optimal solution, this approach commonly involves the use of computationally demanding interior point methods. In this study, we propose a solution based on superiorization of bounded perturbation resilient iterative operators that scales to systems with a large number of antennas. We show that this method outperforms the randomization techniques in many cases, while using only computationally simple operations.
The security implications of quantum cryptography and quantum computing (2020)

Classical cryptography relies on the assumption that nobody can solve a certain difficult mathematical problem in a realistic amount of time or rely on information theory arguments. Quantum cryptography relies instead on fundamental quantum physics laws. Using large quantum computers, one could break all classical asymmetric algorithms currently used for key distribution and digital signatures. Quantum computing seems to threaten many of the encryption systems in use today, which assume that nobody can solve a difficult mathematical problem in a realistic amount of time. Fabio Cavaliere, John Mattsson and Ben Smeets of Ericsson Research provide an overview of the technologies and protocols for Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, discuss their security implications and examine standardisation activities for QKD networks. They also introduce quantum random number generators (QRNGs) as an important building block for both classical and quantum encryption systems, and address the security challenges posed by the advent of quantum computers.
A Novel Pattern of Dimerization for 1,4‐Diphospha‐1,3‐butadienes. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and molecular structure of the dissymmetric molybdenum.cntdot.molybdenum compound [(.eta.5-C5H5)2Mo2(CO)3(C6H5P(OCH2CH2)NH)]: first example of direct carbonyl-substitution in bis[(.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonylmolybdenum] (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and molecular structure of the dissymmetric molybdenum.cntdot.molybdenum compound [(.eta.5-C5H5)2Mo2(CO)3(C6H5P(OCH2CH2)NH)]: first example of direct carbonyl-substitution in bis[(.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonylmolybdenum]Joachim Wachter, Andre Mitschler, and Jean G. RiessCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 8, 2121–2123Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00398a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00398a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Lrig1 Is an Estrogen-Regulated Growth Suppressor and Correlates with Longer Relapse-Free Survival in ERα-Positive Breast Cancer (2011)

Lrig1 is the founding member of the Lrig family and has been implicated in the negative regulation of several oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases including ErbB2. Lrig1 is expressed at low levels in several cancer types but is overexpressed in some prostate and colorectal tumors. Given this heterogeneity, whether Lrig1 functions to suppress or promote tumor growth remains a critical question. Previously, we found that Lrig1 was poorly expressed in ErbB2-positive breast cancer, suggesting that Lrig1 has a growth-inhibitory role in this tumor type. However, breast cancer is a complex disease, with ErbB2-positive tumors accounting for just 25% of all breast cancers. To gain a better understanding of the role of Lrig1 in breast cancer, we examined its expression in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive disease which accounts for the majority of breast cancers. We find that Lrig1 is expressed at significantly higher levels in ERα-positive disease than in ERα-negative disease. Our study provides a molecular rationale for Lrig1 enrichment in ERα-positive disease by showing that Lrig1 is a target of ERα. Estrogen stimulates Lrig1 accumulation and disruption of this induction enhances estrogen-dependent tumor cell growth, suggesting that Lrig1 functions as an estrogen-regulated growth suppressor. In addition, we find that Lrig1 expression correlates with prolonged relapse-free survival in ERα-positive breast cancer, identifying Lrig1 as a new prognostic marker in this setting. Finally, we show that ErbB2 activation antagonizes ERα-driven Lrig1 expression, providing a mechanistic explanation for Lrig1 loss in ErbB2-positive breast cancer. This work provides strong evidence for a growth-inhibitory role for Lrig1 in breast cancer.
Interpretation of Nonpulsatile Arterial Pressure-Flow Relations During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1998)

To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent article by Urzua et al. [1]. The authors state that linear regression of in vivo steady-state, nonpulsatile pressure-flow relationships reveals a non-zero pressure intercept that is much higher than central venous pressure. The authors interpret this "waterfall" pressure as possibly resulting from high "yield pressure" in smaller vessels. The authors also suggest that a more accurate index of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) may be obtained by using this waterfall pressure intercept, rather than central venous pressure. We believe that there is a more reasonable interpretation of the data of Urzua et al. [1] that involves direct application of Poiseuille's law. In the case of nonpulsatile flow, hydraulic resistance is inversely proportional to peripheral vessel diameter raised to the power of 4. When steady-state, nonpulsatile flow is decreased, there is a corresponding change in distending pressure and, hence, vessel diameter. According to Poiseuille's law, incremental decreases in vessel diameter lead to disproportionately larger increases in hydraulic resistance. Indeed, Figure 3in the authors' manuscript demonstrates nonlinear increases in SVR as blood flow decreases. It is expected that further increases in SVR would occur at lower blood flows. The authors offer two potential explanations for the proposed "linear" pressure-flow relation, a constant resistor and a diode, but ignore the third, and by far most likely, explanation: a variable resistor. Because the author's data did not quantify blood flow at very low blood pressures, it is very likely that their data could be equally well fit to the nonlinear Poiseuillean relation that would intersect the y-axis very close to central venous pressure. Thus, the slope of the curvilinear Poiseuillean pressure-flow curve would increase greatly at low flows as vessel diameter decreases. This is a fundamental concept in biofluid mechanics that the authors seem to have overlooked. Douglas A. Hettrick, PhD* Judy R. Kersten, MD* Paul S. Pagel, MD, PhD* David C. Warltier, MD, PhD*[dagger][double dagger] Departments of * Anesthesiology, [dagger] Pharmacology and Toxicology, and [double dagger] Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Milwaukee, WI 53226
Magnetic properties and domain structure of high B/sub s/ Co-based amorphous films (1993)

The magnetic properties and domain structures of single- and multi-layered Co-based amorphous films are investigated. Although the single-layered core at the as-made state has five magnetic walls parallel to easy axis, the eight-layered core has a single domain structure. In a CoHfTa core with positive lambda , short magnetic walls appear from the core fringe. There appear no walls for CoHfTaPd core with negative lambda , even after heat treatments. A single domain structure is realized even for a head pole width of 3.8 mu m and side angle of 15 approximately 60 degrees , by using CoHfTaPd/SiN eight-layered films.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Learning Equilibria in Stochastic Information Flow Tracking Games with Partial Knowledge (2019)

Dynamic Information Flow Tracking (DIFT) has been proposed to detect stealthy and persistent cyber attacks in a computer system that evade existing defense mechanisms such as firewalls and signature-based antivirus systems. A DIFTbased defense tracks the propagation of suspicious information flows across the system and dynamically generates security analysis to identify possible attacks, at the cost of additional performance and memory overhead for analyzing non-adversarial information flows. In this paper, we model the interaction between adversarial information flows and DIFT on a partially known system as a nonzero-sum stochastic game. Our game model captures the probability that the adversary evades detection even when it is analyzed using the security policies (false-negatives) and the performance overhead incurred by the defender for analyzing the non-adversarial flows in the system. We prove the existence of a Nash equilibrium (NE) and propose a supervised learning-based approach to find an approximate NE. Our approach is based on a partially input convex neural network that learns a mapping between the strategies and payoffs of the players with the available system knowledge, and an alternating optimization technique that updates the players' strategies to obtain an approximate equilibrium. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and empirically show the convergence to an approximate NE for synthetic random generated graphs and real-world dataset collected using Refinable Attack INvestigation (RAIN) framework.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Hexacyclic Tetracyclines as Potent, Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Agents (2015)

A series of novel hexacyclic tetracycline analogues ("hexacyclines") was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antibacterial activity against a wide range of clinically important bacteria isolates, including multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative pathogens. Valuable structure-activity relationships were identified, and several hexacyclines displayed potent, broad spectrum antibacterial activity, including promising anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity in vitro and in vivo.
Dynamic segmentation and linear prediction for maternal ECG removal in antenatal abdominal recordings (2009)

Monitoring the fetal heart rate (fHR) and fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) during pregnancy is important to support medical decision making. Before labor, the fHR is usually monitored using Doppler ultrasound. This method is inaccurate and therefore of limited clinical value. During labor, the fHR can be monitored more accurately using an invasive electrode; this method also enables monitoring of the fECG. Antenatally, the fECG and fHR can also be monitored using electrodes on the maternal abdomen. The signal-to-noise ratio of these recordings is, however, low, the maternal electrocardiogram (mECG) being the main interference. Existing techniques to remove the mECG from these non-invasive recordings are insufficiently accurate or do not provide all spatial information of the fECG. In this paper a new technique for mECG removal in antenatal abdominal recordings is presented. This technique operates by the linear prediction of each separate wave in the mECG. Its performance in mECG removal and fHR detection is evaluated by comparison with spatial filtering, adaptive filtering, template subtraction and independent component analysis techniques. The new technique outperforms the other techniques in both mECG removal and fHR detection (by more than 3%).