gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Natural Gas Demonstrator Based on an Urban Vehicle with a Down-Sized Turbocharged Engine (2004)

The main objective of this project is to confirm the high efficiency of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel when used in urban conditions. For this purpose, a demonstrator vehicle using only CNG fuel has been developed when modifying an existing gasoline urban vehicle. The target is to achieve low CO2 emissions with a maximum level of 100 g/km on the motor vehicles emissions group (MVEG) driving cycle, while keeping pollutant emissions below Euro IV level. In addition, partners involved focus to maintain vehicle behaviours as maximum vehicle speed and acceleration close to standard gasoline version. For these reasons, a Smart car has been chosen offering, on one hand, a small displacement engine useful to obtain low CO2 emissions (downsizing approach), and on another hand, turbocharger characteristic necessary to maintain torque and power outputs in accordance with expectation. The first step was dedicated to CNG specific engine parts design (pistons, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, etc.) in order to optimise CNG configuration. During the following steps, the engine has been optimised on a test bench. Valve timing and turbocharger selection have been optimised in order to obtain the best trade-off in terms of power consumption and pollutants. The final step has been to calibrate the engine, firstly on the test bench and secondly on the vehicle. This work allows coping with Euro IV emissions level with optimised catalyst light-off, transient running conditions, drive-ability, etc.
Selective epoxidation of olefins by molybdenum porphyrin catalyzed peroxy-bond heterolysis (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective epoxidation of olefins by molybdenum porphyrin catalyzed peroxy-bond heterolysisHenry J. Ledon, Patrick Durbut, and Francois VaresconCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 12, 3601–3603Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00402a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00402a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views456Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brain studies (fMRI & tDCS) point to an educational intervention to overcome intuitive interference (2023)

Abstract Overcoming intuitive interference in science and mathematics is a key pedagogical challenge. Here we focused on the comparison-of-perimeters task, known to elicit intuitive incorrect responses. Children intuit that geometrical shapes with larger areas have larger perimeters. In congruent trials (correct response matches intuition: larger area–larger perimeter), accuracy was higher and reaction time was shorter than in incongruent (counterintuitive) trials. An fMRI study revealed that different brain areas were activated when responding in accordance with intuition or when overcoming it. Correctly answering incongruent trials activated bilateral prefrontal brain areas. A preliminary tDCS experiment suggested that stimulation of the right prefrontal cortex increased accuracy of responses in the incongruent trials. These studies indicate that the prefrontal cortex is involved in overcoming intuitive interference. This brain area has been reported to be associated with executive control, possibly activating inhibitory control mechanisms. We further examined whether activation of inhibitory control mechanisms would improve elementary schoolchildren performance. We activated students’ control mechanisms by providing an explicit warning on the possible interference of the area feature when comparing perimeters. 84 sixth graders were randomly divided into two groups: warning, and control. In the warning group, students’ inhibitory control mechanisms were activated by providing an explicit warning. Accuracy in the warning group was significantly higher than in the control group in incongruent trials. Reaction time in the warning group was significantly longer than that in the control group. The increase in accuracy and in reaction time, suggests that the explicit warning activates inhibitory control mechanisms and thus helps students overcome intuitive interference. The findings indicate the importance of control mechanisms in reasoning processes associated with overcoming interference in science and mathematics. They point to the possibility of improving students’ problem-solving abilities by simple interventions as was done here. Research Category and Technology and Methods Translational Research: 9. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Keywords: fMRI, tDCS, intuitive interference, science and mathematics education
A compressed and dynamic-range-based expression of timestamp and period for timestamp-based schedulers (2002)

Scheduling algorithms are implemented in high-speed switches to provision quality-of-service guarantees in both cell-based and packet-based networks. Being able to guarantee end-to-end delay and fairness, timestamp-based fair queuing algorithms have received much attention in the past few years. In timestamp-based fair queuing algorithms, the size of timestamp and period determines the supportable rates in terms of the range and accuracy. Furthermore, it also determines the scheduler's memory in terms of access bandwidth and storage space. An efficient expression can reduce the size of the timestamp and period without compromising the supportable rate range and the accuracy. In this paper, we propose a compressed and dynamic-range-based expression of the timestamp and period, which can be readily implemented in hardware for both high-speed packet-based and cell-based schedulers. As compared to fixed-point and floating-point number expression, when the size is fixed, the proposed expression has a better accuracy. Regarding to efficiency and relative error consistency, it even better than our earlier proposal.
Reduction of Internal Loss and Threshold Current in a Laser Diode with a Ridge by Selective Re-Growth (RiS-LD) (2002)

The origin of the internal loss in ridge-type laser diodes (LDs) fabricated using selective re-growth is investigated through a systematic device characterization and additional optical measurements. We found that the internal loss of this LD is mainly caused by the absorptive layers at the re-growth boundary and Mg-doped GaN layer. The internal loss can be significantly reduced through a re-design of the LD structure to avoid these absorptive regions by shifting the perpendicular optical field to the n-cladding side. The re-designed LDs had a very low threshold current of 10 mA and superior gain characteristics. These results indicate, that the InGaN-quantum-well (QW) active layer has a large differential gain and fewer non-radiative defects. The fabrication method of this LD, i.e. epitaxial growth on low-dislocation-density GaN substrates combined with a process without dry-etching, is responsible for the high quality of the QWs.
An Evaluation of Edge TPU Accelerators for Convolutional Neural Networks (2022)

Edge TPUs are a domain of accelerators for low-power, edge devices and are widely used in various Google products such as Coral and Pixel devices. In this paper, we first discuss the major microarchitectural details of Edge TPUs. Then, we extensively evaluate three classes of Edge TPUs, covering different computing ecosystems, across 423K unique convolutional neural networks. Building upon this extensive study, we discuss critical and interpretable microarchitectural insights about the studied classes of Edge TPUs. Mainly, we discuss how Edge TPU accelerators perform across convolutional neural networks with different structures. Finally, we present a learned machine learning model with high accuracy to estimate the major performance metrics of accelerators. These learned models enable significantly faster (in the order of milliseconds) evaluations of accelerators as an alternative to time-consuming cycle-accurate simulators and establish an exciting opportunity for rapid hardware/software co-design.
Estimation of the local density of states on a quantum computer (2004)

We report an efficient quantum algorithm for estimating the local density of states (LDOS) on a quantum computer. The LDOS describes the redistribution of energy levels of a quantum system under the influence of a perturbation. Sometimes known as the ``strength function'' from nuclear spectroscopy experiments, the shape of the LDOS is directly related to the survivial probability of unperturbed eigenstates, and has recently been related to the fidelity decay (or ``Loschmidt echo'') under imperfect motion reversal. For quantum systems that can be simulated efficiently on a quantum computer, the LDOS estimation algorithm enables an exponential speedup over direct classical computation.
Sampling-based robust multi-lateral filter for depth enhancement (2012)

Depth maps are an integral component of 3D video process-ing. They have a number of uses, including view synthesis for multi-view video, human computer interaction, augmented reality, and 3D scene reconstruction. However, depth maps are often captured at low quality or low resolution due to sen-sor hardware limitations or estimation errors. In this paper, we propose a new method to enhance noisy or low-resolution depth maps using high-resolution color images. Our method is based on sample selection and refinement in conjunction with multi-lateral filtering, a method derived from joint bilat-eral filtering using a new weighting metric. Our experimental results verify that the proposed method performs very well in comparison to existing methods. Index Terms — Depth map, range camera, depth estima-tion, depth upsampling, depth superresolution 1.
Micro- and Nanotechnology for Space Systems (1997)

A study of microengineering and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This text reviews micro- and nanotechnologies applicable to US Air Force and commercial space systems. It introduces the concept of the application-specific integrated microinstrument (ASIM), an intelligent instrument.
Advanced Ultrafast Technologies Based on Optical Frequency Combs (2011)

This paper presents recent results in the development of novel ultrafast technologies based on the generation and application of stabilized optical frequency combs. By using novel active resonant cavity injection locking techniques, filtering, modulation and detection can be performed directly on individual components of the frequency comb enabling new approaches to optical waveform synthesis, waveform detection and matched filtering, with effective signal processing bandwidths in excess of 1 THz.
Administration of secretome from human placental stem cell‐conditioned media improves recovery of erectile function in the pelvic neurovascular injury model (2020)

Human placental stem cells (PSCs) enhance histological and functional recovery in a rodent erectile dysfunction (ED) model. We tested the hypothesis that bioactive factors secreted by PSC (i.e., the secretome) mediate functional recovery and that acellular-conditioned media (CM) from PSC culture (PSC-CM) could be used independently to facilitate functional and histological recovery. To identify factors relative to efficacy of PSC, a comparison of CM from PSC and three additional human stem cell populations was performed. CM from human PSC, amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was assayed using a semi-quantitative human cytokine antibody array. Male rats, after surgically created ED by neurovascular injury, were randomly divided into four groups: vehicle control (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]), PSC, PSC-CM, and serum-free media control (SFM) as control. Functional data on intracorporal and mean arterial pressure were obtained, and histological architecture was examined 6 weeks after single injection. PSCs were found to secrete at least 27 cytokines and growth factors at a significantly higher level than the other three cell types. Either single injection of PSC-CM or PSC significantly improved erectile functional recovery and histological architecture compared with SFM or PBS. Injection of the secretome isolated from human PSC improves erectile functional recovery and histological structure in a rat model of neurovascular injury-induced ED. Further characterization of the unique protein expression within the PSC-CM may help to identify the potential for a novel injectable cell-free therapeutic for applicable patients.
Collective electronic states in inhomogeneous media at critical and subcritical metal concentrations (2007)

The excitation of collective electronic states, surface plasmons (SPs), is studied for semicontinuous metal films at various metal concentrations. A previously unexpected strong optical response, manifested through an increase in the exponents of the local field moments, is predicted at noncritical metal concentrations. This phenomenon results from an increase in SP localization away from the percolation threshold, which is opposite to the general understanding that a decrease in the number of scatters leads to weaker mode localization. Experimental results from near-field optical microscopy are found to be in good agreement with the theory, validating the role of SP localization in the optical response. Possible applications in improving the sensitivity of spectroscopic measurements such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering and harmonic generation are considered.
Application of Bio-Based Wrinkled Surfaces as Cell Culture Scaffolds (2018)

Microscopic surface architectures that can be easily manufactured have been in demand as mechano-structural cues for tissue engineering. Microscopic surface reliefs synthesized by wrinkling were expected as cell culture scaffolds for cell proliferation, control of cellular alignment and differentiation, and spheroid generation. We previously developed bio-based wrinkled films prepared via lignification-mimetic reactions and drying. Although these films are expected as a candidate for cell culture scaffolds, stability and morphology of the wrinkled surfaces in aqueous buffer solutions were not explored. Here, we investigate the surface morphologies of the wrinkled films in phosphate-buffered saline, and their application to 3T3 cell culture. The wrinkled film prepared with the immersion treatment at 40 °C maintained its wrinkled structure in phosphate-buffered saline even after five days, although the wrinkles were broadened by hydration of the skin layer. Interestingly, higher cell numbers were observed in the 3T3 cell culture using the wrinkled film than using flat film with the same surface composition. In addition, the high biocompatibility of the wrinkled film was confirmed by in vivo experiments. These results strongly encourage application of the wrinkled film as a mechano-structural cue. Studies of the advanced applications for the wrinkled films are now in progress.
Two Pathways for the Formation of Ethylene in CO Reduction on Single-Crystal Copper Electrodes (2012)

Carbon monoxide is a key intermediate in the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to methane and ethylene on copper electrodes. We investigated the electrochemical reduction of CO on two single-crystal copper electrodes and observed two different reaction mechanisms for ethylene formation: one pathway has a common intermediate with the formation of methane and takes place preferentially at (111) facets or steps, and the other pathway involves selective reduction of CO to ethylene at relatively low overpotentials at (100) facets. The (100) facets seem to be the dominant crystal facets in polycrystalline copper, opening up new routes to affordable (photo)electrochemical production of hydrocarbons from CO(2).
Disorder-Induced Microscopic Magnetic Memory (2005)

Using coherent x-ray speckle metrology, we have measured the influence of disorder on major loop return point memory (RPM) and complementary point memory (CPM) for a series of perpendicular anisotropy $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}$ multilayer films. In the low disorder limit, the domain structures show no memory with field cycling---no RPM and no CPM. With increasing disorder, we observe the onset and the saturation of both the RPM and the CPM. These results provide the first direct ensemble-sensitive experimental study of the effects of varying disorder on microscopic magnetic memory and are compared against the predictions of existing theories.
Broad anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunity induced by heterologous ChAdOx1/mRNA-1273 vaccination (2022)

Heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies have the potential to augment COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. We longitudinally profiled severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S)-specific serological and memory B cell (MBC) responses in individuals who received either homologous (ChAdOx1:ChAdOx1) or heterologous (ChAdOx1:mRNA-1273) prime-boost vaccination. Heterologous messenger RNA (mRNA) booster immunization induced higher serum neutralizing antibody and MBC responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) compared with that of homologous ChAdOx1 boosting. Specificity mapping of circulating B cells revealed that mRNA-1273 boost immunofocused ChAdOx1-primed responses onto epitopes expressed on prefusion-stabilized S. Monoclonal antibodies isolated from mRNA-1273-boosted participants displayed overall higher binding affinities and increased breadth of reactivity against VOCs relative to those isolated from ChAdOx1-boosted individuals. Overall, the results provide molecular insight into the enhanced quality of the B cell response induced after heterologous mRNA booster vaccination.
Design and characterization of a novel 1-ns multi-frame imager for the Ultra-Fast X-ray Imager (UXI) program at Sandia National Laboratories (2018)

The Daedalus camera is a second-generation imager for the Ultra-Fast X-ray Imager (UXI) program, achieving 1 ns, time-gated, multi-frame image sets for High Energy Density (HED) physics experiments. Daedalus includes a 1024 x 512 pixel array with 25 &mu;m spatial resolution with three frames of storage per pixel with three times larger full well (1.5 million e<sup>-</sup>) than the last generation camera, Icarus. Daedalus incorporates an improved timing generation and distribution concept to facilitate broader user configurability and application space while improving timing resolution to 1 ns. Electrical timing measurements demonstrated 1 nanosecond shutters. Analog dynamic range is sufficient to provide the expected full well. Read noise of 210 e<sup>-</sup> has been measured, exceeding design goals. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
Characterization of the Hexatic B and Crystal B phases by Optical Microscopy (1981)

Abstract Recent investigations concerning the structure of the B Phase have unearthed a variety of packing arrangements of the molecular layers for this semctic modification. Two general structures have been discovered; one in which the B Phase has three-dimensional crystalline order (crystal B), and one that is characterized by short-range in-plane positional ordering of the constituent molecules, and long-range bond orientational order, both within and between the layers (heatic B). In this present study n-hexyl 4′-n-pentyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylated (650BC) has been synthesized and its smectic phases charaterized. Typically, this ester exhibits an A, B,E, phase sequence, with the B Phase being of the hexactic type. The Synthesis, microscopic textures, and miscibility studise ar reported here. The results show that while the two types of B phase appear co-miscibly by conventional optical mehtods, in fact X-ray diffraction studies show that a transition occurs between the two phases in certain binary mixtures. Thus, the hexactic B and crystal B modification are thermodynamically distint phasaes.
Early Safety Indicators of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in 5,000 Patients (2020)

Given the deadly nature of COVID-19 and the large population of critically-ill patients included in these analyses, the mortality rate does not appear excessive. These early indicators suggest that transfusion of convalescent plasma is safe in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Object category learning and retrieval with weak supervision (2018)

We consider the problem of retrieving objects from image data and learning to classify them into meaningful semantic categories with minimal supervision. To that end, we propose a fully differentiable unsupervised deep clustering approach to learn semantic classes in an end-to-end fashion without individual class labeling using only unlabeled object proposals. The key contributions of our work are 1) a kmeans clustering objective where the clusters are learned as parameters of the network and are represented as memory units, and 2) simultaneously building a feature representation, or embedding, while learning to cluster it. This approach shows promising results on two popular computer vision datasets: on CIFAR10 for clustering objects, and on the more complex and challenging Cityscapes dataset for semantically discovering classes which visually correspond to cars, people, and bicycles. Currently, the only supervision provided is segmentation objectness masks, but this method can be extended to use an unsupervised objectness-based object generation mechanism which will make the approach completely unsupervised.
A Helical Polypeptide‐Based Potassium Ionophore Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‐Mediated Apoptosis by Perturbing Ion Homeostasis (2019)

Perturbation of potassium homeostasis can affect various cell functions and lead to the onset of programmed cell death. Although ionophores have been intensively used as an ion homeostasis disturber, the mechanisms of cell death are unclear and the bioapplicability is limited. In this study, helical polypeptide-based potassium ionophores are developed to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis. The polypeptide-based potassium ionophores disturb ion homeostasis and then induce prolonged ER stress in the cells. The ER stress results in oxidative environments that accelerate the activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, ER stress-mediated apoptosis is triggered in a tumor-bearing mouse model that suppresses tumor proliferation. This study provides the first evidence showing that helical polypeptide-based potassium ionophores trigger ER stress-mediated apoptosis by perturbation of potassium homeostasis.