gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High-Yield Microfabrication Process for Sapphire Substrate Capacitive Pressure Sensors Providing 70 MPa Range and 0.5 kPa Resolution (2021)

We report a high yield fabrication process based on surface micromachining of sapphire substrates and plasma-deposited thin films for pressure sensors with extraordinarily high output swing relative to baseline and parasitic capacitance. This feature allows the use of massively parallel diaphragms arrays in a single sensor chip that is read out with a single interface circuit, providing a superior full-scale range and resolution in a small footprint. Five types of sensor chips are reported, incorporating: a) a single diaphragm (ø <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> diameter); b) 18 diaphragms in parallel (ø <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> diameter); c) 85 diaphragms (ø56-ø <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$92 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> diameter); d) 8 diaphragms in parallel (ø <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> diameter); and e) 32 diaphragms in parallel (ø110-ø <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$150 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> diameter). The respective maximum gauge pressures are 30 MPa, 30 MPa, 70 MPa, 70 kPa, and 110 kPa; the respective resolutions are 1.0 kPa, 0.2 kPa, 0.5 kPa, 5.7 Pa, and 2.6 Pa. Full-scale range is defined with the upper boundary as the applied pressure at which the incremental response falls below 30% of the incremental response at the lower boundary (which is approximated as atmospheric pressure). In two of these cases, varying diameters are used to reduce the inherent non-linearity of the sensor response over the full-scale pressure range. The 85-diaphragm sensor, intended for downhole pressure sensing, provides a capacitance response of 0.46 fF/kPa and 7.1 pF <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . The 32-diaphragm sensor, intended for lower operating pressures, provides capacitance response of 29 fF/kPa and 11.5 pF <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . The fabrication process, design features, and experimental results are presented.
A low voltage actuated micromirror with an extra vertical electrode for 90 rotation (2003)

We have proposed a new type of electrostatic actuator for optical switching which has trench structure to make low voltage driving possible. Its lower or fixed electrode consists of a horizontal electrode and an extra vertical one which acts as a stopper for the exact 90° rotation. To fabricate the proposed actuator, a new planarization approach, laminating an organic film on a wafer, has been introduced to make a planar sacrificial layer over the trench. Comparison of theoretical analysis with experimental result has been made for the actuator. We have found that the actuation voltage (47 V) could be reduced up to 50% of that of the conventional one. The rising and falling times were measured to be 5 and 15 ms, respectively. The planarization process can be very effective and powerful for structures with deep trenches or pits.
Fitness Conferred by BCR-ABL Kinase Domain Mutations Determines the Risk of Pre-Existing Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2011)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the first human malignancy to be successfully treated with a small molecule inhibitor, imatinib, targeting a mutant oncoprotein (BCR-ABL). Despite its successes, acquired resistance to imatinib leads to reduced drug efficacy and frequent progression of disease. Understanding the characteristics of pre-existing resistant cells is important for evaluating the benefits of first-line combination therapy with second generation inhibitors. However, due to limitations of assay sensitivity, determining the existence and characteristics of resistant cell clones at the start of therapy is difficult. Here we combined a mathematical modeling approach using branching processes with experimental data on the fitness changes (i.e., changes in net reproductive rate) conferred by BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations to investigate the likelihood, composition, and diversity of pre-existing resistance. Furthermore, we studied the impact of these factors on the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our approach predicts that in most patients, there is at most one resistant clone present at the time of diagnosis of their disease. Interestingly, patients are no more likely to harbor the most aggressive, pan-resistant T315I mutation than any other resistance mutation; however, T315I cells on average establish larger-sized clones at the time of diagnosis. We established that for patients diagnosed late, the relative benefit of combination therapy over monotherapy with imatinib is significant, while this benefit is modest for patients with a typically early diagnosis time. These findings, after pre-clinical validation, will have implications for the clinical management of CML: we recommend that patients with advanced-phase disease be treated with combination therapy with at least two tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Tight Distribution of Dielectric Characteristics of HfSiON in Metal Gate Devices (2007)

Leakage current characteristics with significantly reduced dispersion were achieved for HfSiON gate dielectric film by selecting TiN gate electrode with low reactivity, compared to the conventional poly-Si gate. The breakdown lifetime and its characteristic homogeneity were also enormously improved. With intensive study on these electrical characteristics, it was concluded that the concentration of oxygen vacancy was significantly reduced, giving rise to the homogeneity improvement. Moreover, we have shown an explanation for the dielectric breakdown in terms of oxygen transport in the Hf-based dielectric film.
Molecular Outcome Prediction in Diffuse Large-B-Cell Lymphoma (2009)

To the Editor: Lenz et al. (Nov. 27 issue)1 report the results of an important study of gene expression and survival in patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. We reassessed the performance of a survival predictor that we had previously reported2 by applying it to the expression profiles of tumors from patients described by Lenz et al. Our model performed well in predicting overall survival in these patients, whether they were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or with CHOP in combination with rituximab (R-CHOP) (P<0.001) (Figure 1). Furthermore, when risk was in the model as a continuous variable, . . .
One-year delayed effect of fog on malaria transmission: a time-series analysis in the rain forest area of Mengla County, south-west China (2008)

Fog day frequency was for the first time found to be a predictor of malaria incidence in a rain forest area. The one-year delayed effect of fog on malaria transmission may involve providing water input and maintaining aquatic breeding sites for mosquitoes in vulnerable times when there is little rainfall in the 6-month dry seasons. These findings should be considered in the prediction of future patterns of malaria for similar tropical rain forest areas worldwide.
LC, Acute : O-055 ; Protection from liver fibrosis by a PPAR agonist (2012)

Background: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor delta (PPAR), a member of the nuclear receptor family, is emerging as a key metabolic regulator with pleiotropic actions on various tissues including fat, skeletal muscle and liver. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of a new and highly selective PPAR agonist KD3010 in experimental mouse models of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections or bile duct ligation (BDL). Methods: Male adult C57/B6 mice were treated daily with vehicle or KD3010 by oral gavage. Liver fibrosis was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 or BDL. For in vitro study, primary hepatocytes were isolated and incubated with/without KD3010. Results: PPAR agonist KD3010 ameliorates liver injury induced by CCl4 injections. Deposition of extracellular matrix proteins was lower in the KD3010 group as compared to the control group. The hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effect of KD3010 was confirmed in a model of cholestasis-induced liver injury and fibrosis using BDL for three weeks. Primary hepatocytes incubated with KD3010 were protected from serum starvation or CCl4-induced cell death, in part due to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Conclusions: The PPAR agonist KD3010 has hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects in animal models of liver fibrosis suggesting a new mechanistic and therapeutic approach in treating patients with chronic liver diseases.
Inertial focusing in non-rectangular cross-section microchannels and manipulation of accessible focusing positions (2016)

Inertial focusing in microfluidic channels has been extensively studied experimentally and theoretically, which has led to various applications including microfluidic separation and enrichment of cells. Inertial lift forces are strongly dependent on the flow velocity profile and the channel cross-sectional shape. However, the channel cross-sections studied have been limited to circles and rectangles. We studied inertial focusing in non-rectangular cross-section channels to manipulate the flow profile and thus the inertial focusing of microparticles. The location and number of focusing positions are analyzed with varying cross-sectional shapes and Reynolds number. We found that the broken symmetry of non-equilateral triangular channels leads to the shifting of focusing positions with varying Reynolds number. Non-rectangular channels have unique mapping of the focusing positions and the corresponding basins of attraction. By connecting channels with different cross-sectional shapes, we were able to manipulate the accessible focusing positions and achieve focusing of microparticles to a single stream with ∼99% purity.
Minimum Complexity Pursuit: Stability Analysis (2012)

A host of problems involve the recovery of structured signals from a dimensionality reduced representation such as a random projection; examples include sparse signals (compressive sensing) and low-rank matrices (matrix completion). Given the wide range of different recovery algorithms developed to date, it is natural to ask whether there exist "universal" algorithms for recovering "structured" signals from their linear projections. We recently answered this question in the affirmative in the noise-free setting. In this paper, we extend our results to the case of noisy measurements.
Critical role for nucleostemin in protein synthesis and muscle cell differentiation (2008)

Nucleostemin (NS) is a nucleolar protein that was shown to be primarily expressed in proliferating cells and essential for proliferation but the precise functions of NS remained unclear. Here, we reveal a significant role for NS as an integrated component of ribosome biogenesis, particularly pre‐rRNA processing. The supporting data demonstrated physical interactions of NS with other processing‐related proteins, nucleolar retention of these proteins by NS, and inhibition of pre‐rRNA processing and protein synthesis in NS‐depleted cells. We also showed that unlike in other cell lineages, NS was not downregulated in differentiated skeletal muscle cells, which maintain highly active protein synthesis after exit from the cell cycle. Moreover, progress of muscle differentiation could be modulated by NS in a dose‐dependent manner. These results underscore a fundamental involvement of NS in cell proliferation and differentiation through its contribution to ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. This work was supported by Muscular Dystrophy Association, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Nash Foundation and the NIH.
Production of Normal ↔ Macular Mouse Chimeras: The Presence of Critical Tissue in the Macular Mutant Mouse, a Model of Menkes' kinky Hair Disease (1993)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Impact of Winding Layer Number and Magnet Type on Synchronous Surface PM Machines Designed for Wide Constant-Power Speed Range Operation (2006)

This paper thoroughly investigates the impact of the winding layer number and the choice of magnet type on the performance characteristics of surface permanent magnet (SPM) machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings designed for wide speed ranges of constant-power operation. This is accomplished by carefully examining the performance characteristics of three different SPM machines designed for the same set of performance requirements drawn from an automotive direct-drive starter/alternator application. These results show that double-layer stator windings yield lower torque ripple and magnet eddy-current losses than single-layer windings, but can contribute to a lower overload torque capability. Although the adoption of sintered magnets leads to the highest machine torque density, bonded magnets result in a significant reduction of the magnet losses because of their much higher value of resistivity
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of Tetrodecamycin. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Learn to recognize pathological myopia in fundus images using bag-of-feature and sparse learning approach (2013)

Pathological myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment, and can lead to blindness in children if left undetected. We present a bag-of-feature and sparse learning based framework to automatically recognize pathological myopia in retinal fundus images and discover the most related visual features corresponding to the retinal changes in pathological myopia. In the learning phase, the codebook for the bag-of-feature model and the classification model are first learnt, and the top related visual features are discovered via sparse learning concurrently. In the testing phase, for a given retinal fundus image, local features are first extracted and then quantized with the learned codebook to obtain the global feature. Finally, the classification model is used to determine the presence of pathological myopia. Our results on a population based study dataset of 2258 images achieve a 0.964 ± 0.007 AUC value and 90.6±1.0% balanced accuracy at a 85.0% specificity. The results are promising for further development and validation of this framework.
ChemInform Abstract: A Divergent Approach to Highly Substituted Benzothiepinones and to 2,3‐Dihydrothieno[2,3‐b]thiopyran‐4‐ones. (2010)

Abstract A variety of highly functionalized benzothiepinones, including libraries of complex aza‐bridged derivatives, and highly functionalized 2,3‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐b]thiopyran‐4‐ones are prepared by combination of the radical and ionic reactions of xanthates.
Abstract C73: A drug-modifier whole-genome shRNA screen identifies novel synthetic lethal interactions with PI3K inhibition in breast cancer (2015)

Abstract The PI3K pathway is frequently activated in tumors, and was previously shown to be essential for tumorigenesis and tumor cell survival. Never the less, the main response to PI3K inhibition is cytostatic, therefore retaining a significant reservoir of tumor cells with a capability to re-grow and acquire resistance. Our goal is to identify genes that exhibit a synthetic lethal interaction with PI3K inhibition, namely, converting the response to PI3K inhibition from cytostatic to cytotoxic. To this end, we conducted a positive-selection whole-genome shRNA screen in a breast cancer cell line bearing a PI3K activating mutation, also exhibiting a robust cytostatic response to PI3K inhibition. Cells were infected with a pooled shRNA library consisting of 98K shRNAs, targeting ∼17K genes. Following selection, cells were either left untreated, or treated with a PI3K inhibitor (GDC0941) for 2-5 days. Based on cleaved-PARP staining, apoptotic cells were sorted by flow cytometry, and sequenced to identify the shRNAs in the sorted population. We ranked shRNAs according to the significance of their relative occurrence between non-treated and treated samples, thereby identifying shRNAs that induce cell death only upon PI3K inhibition. We validated potential hit genes using an arrayed viability assay, in which we included multiple shRNAs targeting each of the genes. Using seed-control shRNAs and rescue experiments, we confirmed on-target effects of the identified shRNAs, collectively targeting 5 genes. We further confirmed the relevance of the identified genes by testing the shRNAs in additional PI3K-activated breast cancer cell-lines, and in combination with additional PI3K-pathway inhibitors. Interestingly, the effect of the identified genes was specific to inhibition of the PI3K pathway, and was not observed upon unrelated growth inhibition. All together, we identified five genes that exhibit robust synthetic lethal interaction with PI3K inhibition in breast cancer, of which 2 genes are protein kinases, PIM2 and ZAK, thus are potential co-targets with PI3K. Citation Format: Yaara Zwang, Casandra Chen, The Broad Institute Genomic Perturbation Platform, William C. Hahn. A drug-modifier whole-genome shRNA screen identifies novel synthetic lethal interactions with PI3K inhibition in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C73.
Tunable Polymer Embolic Implant for Vascular Occlusion (2019)

In this study, we have developed a tunable polymer vascular embolic implant (TPVEI) with adjustable precipitation rates allowing for personalized, controlled vascular occlusion depths. We hypothesized that reducing the water miscibility of the solvent would result in slower TPVEI precipitation, leading to distal vascular occlusion. To investigate homogeneous vascular distribution and occlusion control, the TPVEI was directly injected into the portal vein of a rat and imaged with microCT. Changing the solvent ratio of NMP/BB from 100/0 to 50/50 showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decrease in vessel size occluded from 675 ± 20 to 170 ± 25 μm, respectively. The 60/40 (NMP/BB) formulation was able to occlude several branches throughout the whole liver, displaying a homogeneous vasculature distribution. Broadband Doppler ultrasound validated that there was complete portal vein occlusion after embolization with all materials. These findings suggest that adjusting the solvent polarity allows embolization control and with appropriate optimization, phase-inverting embolics could be used better to control depth of occlusion for endovascular therapies.
Estimating intracranial pressure using pulsatile cerebral blood flow measured with diffuse correlation spectroscopy (2020)

Measuring intracranial pressure (ICP) is necessary for the treatment of severe head injury but measurement systems are highly invasive and introduce risk of infection and complications. We developed a non-invasive alternative for quantifying ICP using measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by diffuse correlation spectroscopy. The recorded cardiac pulsation waveform in CBF undergoes morphological changes in response to ICP changes. We used the pulse shape to train a randomized regression forest to estimate the underlying ICP and demonstrate in five non-human primates that DCS-based estimation can explain over 90% of the variance in invasively measured ICP.
Efficient hashing with lookups in two memory accesses (2005)

The study of hashing is closely related to the analysis of balls and bins. Azar et. al. [1] showed that instead of using a single hash function if we randomly hash a ball into two bins and place it in the smaller of the two, then this dramatically lowers the maximum load on bins. This leads to the concept of two-way hashing where the largest bucket contains O(log log n) balls with high probability. The hash look up will now search in both the buckets an item hashes to. Since an item may be placed in one of two buckets, we could potentially move an item after it has been initially placed to reduce maximum load. Using this fact, we present a simple, practical hashing scheme that maintains a maximum load of 2, with high probability, while achieving high memory utilization. In fact, with n buckets, even if the space for two items are pre-allocated per bucket, as may be desirable in hardware implementations, more than n items can be stored giving a high memory utilization. Assuming truly random hash functions, we prove the following properties for our hashing scheme.• Each lookup takes two random memory accesses, and reads at most two items per access.• Each insert takes O(log n) time and up to log log n+O(1) moves, with high probability, and constant time in expectation.• Maintains 83.75% memory utilization, without requiring dynamic allocation during inserts.We also analyze the trade-off between the number of moves performed during inserts and the maximum load on a bucket. By performing at most h moves, we can maintain a maximum load of O(log log n/h log (log log n/h)). So, even by performing one move, we achieve a better bound than by performing no moves at all.
Energy Efficient Wireless Multicasting (2011)

This letter proposes an energy-efficient wireless multicasting scheme in which the base station (BS) and the mobile users cooperate to reduce the total power consumption in wireless multicasting. Minimizing the power consumption under the scheme is an NP-hard problem. The gradient guided approximation algorithm is thus proposed to achieve low computational complexity. The proposed energy-efficient wireless multicasting scheme consumes less energy than other multicasting schemes without cooperation. The energy savings are validated through well designed simulations.
Spontaneous and stimulated emission from photopumped GaN grown on SiC (1995)

Photoluminescence of GaN layers grown on 6H–SiC substrates was studied in the temperature range 77–900 K. GaN layers were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The temperature dependence of the band gap of GaN was measured throughout the entire temperature range. Edge cavity stimulated emission from photopumped GaN layers was observed in the temperature range 77–450 K. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the stimulated emission peak was ∼3 nm at 300 K and ∼7 nm at 450 K. Multipass stimulated emission with Fabry–Pérot modes was detected from GaN. The FWHM of Fabry–Pérot modes was ∼0.2 nm (300 K).