gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis–Structure–Activity Relations in Fe-CHA for C–H Activation: Control of Al Distribution by Interzeolite Conversion (2019)

The search for structurally relevant Al arrangements in zeolites is an important endeavor for single-site catalysis. Little is known about the mechanisms and zeolite dynamics during synthesis that are responsible for creating those Al ensembles. Here, new synthetic strategies for creating Al hosts in small-pore zeolites suitable for divalent cation catalysis are uncovered, leading to a mechanistic proposal for Al organization during crystallization. As such, unique synthesis–structure–activity relations are demonstrated for the partial oxidation of methane on Fe-exchanged CHA zeolites. With modified interzeolite conversions, the divalent cation capacity of the resulting high-Si SSZ-13 zeolites (Si/Al ∼ 35) can be reproducibly controlled in a range between 0.04 and 0.34 Co2+/Al. This capacity is a proxy for the distribution of framework aluminum in pairs and correlates with the methanol production per Al when these zeolites host the α-FeII redox active site. The uncovered interzeolite conversion synthesis–structure relations paint an Al-distribution hypothesis, where incongruent dissolution of the starting USY zeolite and fast synthesis kinetics with atypical growth modes allow assembling specific Al arrangements, resulting in a high divalent cation capacity. Prolonged synthesis times and high temperatures overcome the energetic barriers for T-atom reshuffling favoring Al isolation. These mechanisms and the relations uncovered in this work will guide the search for relevant Al ensembles in a range of zeolite catalysts where controlling the environment for a single active site is crucial.
Broad Frequency Shift of Parametric Processes in Epsilon-Near-Zero Time-Varying Media (2020)

The ultrafast changes of material properties induced by short laser pulses can lead to a frequency shift of reflected and transmitted radiation. Recent reports highlight how such a frequency shift is enhanced in spectral regions where the material features a near-zero real part of the permittivity. Here, we investigate the frequency shift for fields generated by four-wave mixing. In our experiment, we observed a frequency shift of more than 60 nm (compared to the pulse width of ∼40 nm) in the phase conjugated radiation generated by a 500 nm aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film pumped close to the epsilon-near-zero wavelength. Our results indicate applications of time-varying media for nonlinear optics and frequency conversion.
An Optimized Process for Formation of 2,4-Disubstituted Imidazoles from Condensation of Amidines and α-Haloketones (2002)

The preparation of 2,4-disubstituted imidazoles from the condensation of α-haloketones with amidines is described. The optimal reaction protocol is to add the α-bromoketone solution to the amidine in aqueous tetrahydrofuran in the presence of potassium bicarbonate under vigorous reflux. Imidazole was isolated in 83−91% yield with >95% purity without column chromatography.
Preparation of Pt-Ru Nanoparticles with a Uniform Size Distribution on a Mesoporous Carbon and their Activity towards Methanol Electro-oxidation (2007)

A Pt-Ru nanoparticle catalyst was prepared using mesoporous carbon, CMK-3, as a support, and the catalytic activity was compared to that on Ketjen carbon black, KB. The DMFC performances of MEA prepared with these catalysts were also measured and compared with each other. The catalysts deposited on CMK-3, Pt-Ru/CMK-3, had a narrow size distribution around 2.5nm and highly distributed on the surface of the support. Pt-Ru/CMK-3 showed a higher mass activity for methanol oxidation based on a cyclic voltammogram, but a lower DMFC performance than that of Pt-Ru/KB. It was considered that the catalyst layer with CMK-3 had a lower electric conductivity and/or unfavorable microstructure to prepare a large number of active reaction sites in the layer.
Setting best practice criteria for self-differencing avalanche photodiodes in quantum key distribution (2017)

In recent years, the security of avalanche photodiodes as single photon detectors for quantum key distribution has been subjected to much scrutiny. The most prominent example of this surrounds the vulnerability of such devices to blinding under strong illumination. We focus on self-differencing avalanche photodiodes, single photon detectors that have demonstrated count rates exceeding 1 GCounts/s resulting in secure key rates over 1 MBit/s. These detectors use a passive electronic circuit to cancel any periodic signals thereby enhancing detection sensitivity. However this intrinsic feature can be exploited by adversaries to gain control of the devices using illumination of a moderate intensity. Through careful experimental examinations, we define here a set of criteria for these detectors to avoid such attacks.
Accurate modeling method for deep sub-micron Cu interconnect (2004)

This paper newly proposes an accurate modeling method of the copper interconnect cross-section in which the width and thickness dependence on layout patterns and density are fully incorporated and universally expressed. In addition, we have developed specific test patterns for the model parameters extraction, and an efficient extraction flow which features correlating cross-section observation and resistance measurement to obtain the parameter values. We have extracted the model parameters for 0.15 /spl mu/m CMOS using this method and confirmed that 10% /spl tau/pd error normally observed with conventional LPE (Layout Parameters Extraction) was completely dissolved. This is the first time that the practical and accurate modeling methodology for layout pattern sensitive Cu Interconnect is ever reported.
Autonomous Highway Driving using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

The operational space of an autonomous vehicle (AV) can be diverse and vary significantly. Due to this, formulating a rule based decision maker for selecting driving maneuvers may not be ideal. Similarly, it may not be efficient to solve optimal control problem in real-time for a predefined cost function. In order to address these issues and to avoid peculiar behaviors when encountering unforeseen scenario, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL) based method, where the ego car, i.e., an autonomous vehicle, learns to make decisions by directly interacting with the simulated traffic. Here the decision maker is a deep neural network that provides an action choice for a given system state. We demonstrate the performance of the developed algorithm in highway driving scenario where the trained AV encounters varying traffic density.
Novel Bloodless Potassium Determination Using a Signal‐Processed Single‐Lead ECG (2016)

The signal-processed ECG derived from a single lead can be used to calculate potassium values with clinically meaningful resolution using a strategy that requires no blood tests. This enables a cost-effective, noninvasive, unobtrusive strategy for potassium assessment that can be used during remote monitoring.
Prognostic Value of Cell-Surface Vimentin-Positive CTCs in Pediatric Sarcomas (2021)

Our findings indicate that CSV+ CTCs have prognostic value and can possibly serve as a measure of disease burden.
The Small Payload Access to Space Experiment (SPASE): Using Non-Traditional Aerospace Technology to Enable a New Generation of Low-Cost Missions (2001)

Launching on STS-108 Endeavour in late 2001, the Small Payload Access to Space Experiment (SPASE) demonstrates a number of new technologies, efficient ways to conduct a nanospacecraft development program, and how to take such a spacecraft through the Shuttle Hitchhiker safety and integration process. This paper describes the essential “lessons learned” in each of these areas. Commercial solar panels, batteries, imagers, photocells, integrated circuits, and manufacturing techniques are used throughout the vehicle, bringing the low cost and high manufacturing reliability of these products into the space realm. Core personnel carried the program from conception through proposal, requirements definition, design, development, integration, test, and delivery, making the whole program significantly more efficient. Shuttle safety issues were addressed from the beginning and continually throughout the program, as part of (not added to) the development effort. The information learned throughout this process, and the new doors opened by this demonstration – such as the first use of Lithium-Ion batteries in a Shuttle payload – help make space utilization more efficient, more affordable, and easier for future missions. AeroAstro’s Bitsy nanospacecraft kernel will be flight-proven by the SPASE mission.
Single‐step Conversion of Methyl Ethyl Ketone to Olefins over ZnxZryOz Catalysts in Water (2019)

Abstract In this study we investigated the conversion of aqueous methyl‐ethyl‐ketone (MEK) to olefin fuel precursors over Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalysts. Experiments were carried out in water as MEK is intended to be produced from the dehydration of 2,3‐butanediol in fermentation broth which is highly diluted in water. We demonstrated that Zn x Zr y O z catalysts are highly effective for converting aqueous MEK to C 4 −C 5 olefins. High selectivity to olefins equal to 85 % was reached at 92 % per pass conversion when under H 2 atmosphere. Catalyst stability was demonstrated for 60 hours’ time on stream, highlighting the potential for upgrading 2,3‐butanediol contained in fermentation broth without the need for energy‐intensive water separation. Increased concentration of MEK in the aqueous feed results in increased activity towards olefin production. However, water inhibits catalyst deactivation from coking. A mechanistic investigation revealed the impact of the reaction environment (inert or reducing atmosphere) on the reaction pathways. In an inert environment, the mechanism involves consecutive aldol condensation of MEK and 3‐pentanone intermediate. Under reducing conditions two reaction pathways compete with each other as MEK hydrogenation to butenes occurs concurrently with the aldol condensation/decomposition.
Third-generation femtosecond technology (2014)

Femtosecond pulse generation was pioneered four decades ago using mode-locked dye lasers, which dominated the field for the following 20 years. Dye lasers were then replaced with titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:Sa) lasers, which have had their own two-decade reign. Broadband optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) appeared on the horizon more than 20 years ago but have been lacking powerful, cost-effective picosecond pump sources for a long time. Diode-pumped ytterbium-doped solid-state lasers are about to change this state of affairs profoundly. They are able to deliver 1 ps scale pulses at kilowatt-scale average power levels, which, in thin-disk lasers, may come in combination with terawatt-scale peak powers. Broadband OPAs pumped by these sources hold promise for surpassing the performance of current femtosecond systems so dramatically as to justify referring to them as the next generation. Third-generation femtosecond technology (3FST) offers the potential for femtosecond light tunable over several octaves, multi-terawatt few-cycle pulses, and synthesized multi-octave light transients. Unique tunability, temporal confinement, and waveform variety in combination with unprecedented average powers will extend nonlinear optics and laser spectroscopy to previously inaccessible wavelength domains, ranging from the far IR to the x-ray regime. Here we review the underlying concepts, technologies, and proof-of-principle experiments. A conceptual design study of a prototypical tunable and wideband source demonstrates the potential of 3FST for pushing the frontiers of femtosecond and attosecond science. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
Comparison of language modeling approaches for Turkish Broadcast News (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of several language modeling approaches on a speech recognition system for Turkish broadcast news. The agglutinative structure of Turkish introduces a high out-of-vocabulary rate and hence increases word error rate. To eliminate out-of-vocabulary problem, we utilize various sub-word models. In addition, we experiment with high vocabulary sizes. Since the models are statistical, we expect an improvement in performance as the amount of training data increases. We build word and sub-word language models using various amounts of corpora and compare their recognition performance.
The “Nuclearization” of Biology Is a Threat to Health and Security (2009)

Peer Reviewed
USN middleware technology for smart monitoring and controlling systems (2009)

With growing technical achievement in sensor device fields and wireless communication fields, smart monitoring services get more and more attractions in many service markets. Smart monitoring services monitor the interesting targets and/or control the situation according to their policies. Sensor network technology enables smart monitoring services to get necessary sensor data and/or to control appropriate actuators to react toward perceived situation. But the heterogeneity and expensive development and operation cost of the sensor networks are difficulties to overcome to propel sensor network related industry. USN middleware is the key solution for these difficulties. It aims at supporting various USN applications to use interesting sensors and actuators in a cost effective way. This paper describes concept and architecture of USN middleware and addresses future of USN middleware.
Time resolved picosecond Raman induced phase conjugation in liquids and solids (1986)

The Raman induced phase conjugation spectroscopy technique has been extended to the picosecond regime. Using a broadband picosecond supercontinuum beam generated from D2O, Raman spectra spanning 3000 cm−1 were obtained in CS2, Nitrobenzene and calcite using a single 50 nJ, 35 ps pulse from a Quantel Nd:Yag laser system. Delaying one of the counterpropagating pump beams and monitoring the intensity of the Stokes wave in the phase conjugate direction, the dephasing times of molecular vibrations and optical phonons were measured.
Photochemical dissociation of p-nitrobenzyl 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulphonate via intramolecular electron transfer (1990)

While o-nitrobenzyl aromatic sulphonates are known to photodissociate via an intramolecular rearrangement, photodissociation of p-nitrobenzyl aromatic sulphonates has not been reported. In this study, we report that p-nitrobenzyl 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulphonate is photochemically dissociated to give 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulphonic acid, 9,10-dimethoxy-2-(p-nitrobenzyl)-anthracene, and p,p′-dinitrobibenzyl. The dissociation is considered to proceed via an intramolecular electron transfer from the 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene moiety to the p-nitrobenzyl moiety. The quantum yield of the photodissociation in acetonitrile is 0.11 and the spectral response extends to 450 nm. The quantum yield is much higher than those of o-nitrobenzyl esters.
Synthesis of Poly(phenylene sulfide sulfonic acid) via Poly(sulfonium cation) as a Thermostable Proton-Conducting Polymer (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Poly(phenylene sulfide sulfonic acid) via Poly(sulfonium cation) as a Thermostable Proton-Conducting PolymerKenji Miyatake, Hiroyuki Iyotani, Kimihisa Yamamoto, and Eishun TsuchidaView Author Information Department of Polymer Chemistry, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169, JapanCite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 21, 6969–6971Publication Date (Web):October 7, 1996Publication History Received29 May 1996Revised22 July 1996Published online7 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma960768xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma960768xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2005Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrical conductivity,Plastics,Polymers,Sulfides,Sulfones Get e-Alerts
A new ‘sense’ RNA approach to block viral RNA replicationin vitro (1987)

The use of "antisense" RNA is being widely considered to block specific steps in viral infection. We propose here a new "sense" RNA approach to block viral RNA replication in vitro and possibly in vivo. In the turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) system, the recognition site of the viral replicase (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) is assumed to be located within the 3' end of the RNA genome. Small "sense" RNAs have been obtained by in vitro transcription of the corresponding cloned cDNAs. Replication of TYMV RNA in vitro is shown here to be blocked only by those RNAs that contain the 3' terminal region of the genome.
Performance enhancement of offset gated polysilicon thin-film transistors (2000)

Simple offset gated n-channel polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs) of channel length L=10 μm were investigated in relation to the intrinsic offset length /spl Delta/L and the polysilicon quality. For /spl Delta/L/spl les/1 μm, the device parameters such as threshold voltage, subthreshold slope and field effect mobility are improved, while the leakage current remains unchanged. In TFTs with /spl Delta/L>1 μm, the leakage current decreases with increasing the offset length. When the polysilicon layer is of high quality (large grain size and low intra-grain defect density), the leakage current is completely suppressed without sacrificing the on-current in TFT's with offset length of 2 μm.
Supplementary Figures and Table from Modulation of Target Antigen Density Improves CAR T-cell Functionality and Persistence (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fig S1: Site density cell lines with cytokine analyses of normal healthy donors and patient-derived CD22 CART. Fig S2: Development and evaluation of high-affinity CD22V1 CAR. Fig S3: PKCB2 effects of Bryostatin1 and CD22 modulation with PKC-inhibitors. Fig S4: RNA-seq analysis of Bryostatin1 effects on KOPN8 and SEM Fig S5: Exhaustion markers in Bryostatin1 and CD19 CAR with Bryostatin1 Fig S6: Bioluminescence for Bryostatin1 in vivo experiments Table S1: Enrichment analysis of RNA-seq Bryostatin1-treated cells specific to intrinsic components of the plasma membrane&lt;/p&gt;
Peptide IDR-1002 Inhibits NF-κB Nuclear Translocation by Inhibition of IκBα Degradation and Activates p38/ERK1/2–MSK1-Dependent CREB Phosphorylation in Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide (2016)

The inflammatory response is a critical molecular defense mechanism of the innate immune system that mediates the elimination of disease-causing bacteria. Repair of the damaged tissue, and the reestablishment of homeostasis, must be accomplished after elimination of the pathogen. The innate defense regulators (IDRs) are short cationic peptides that mimic natural host defense peptides and are effective in eliminating pathogens by enhancing the activity of the immune system while controlling the inflammatory response. Although the role of different IDRs as modulators of inflammation has been reported, there have been only limited studies of the signaling molecules regulated by this type of peptide. The present study investigated the effect of IDR-1002 on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factors that are responsible for triggering and controlling inflammation, respectively, in macrophages. We found that TNF-α and COX-2 expression, IκBα phosphorylation, and NF-κB nuclear translocation were strongly inhibited in macrophages pre-incubated with IDR-1002 and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IDR-1002 also increased CREB phosphorylation at Ser133 <i>via</i> activation of the p38/ERK1/2-MSK1 signaling pathways without detectable expression of the cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 involved is suppressing inflammation or alternative activation. Transcriptional activation of NF-κB and CREB is known to require interaction with the transcriptional coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). To test for CBP-NF-κB and CBP-CREB complex formation, we performed co-immunoprecipitation assays. These assays showed that IDR-1002 inhibited the interaction between CBP and NF-κB in macrophages stimulated with LPS, which might explain the inhibition of TNF-α and COX-2 expression. Furthermore, the complex between CBP and CREB in macrophages stimulated with IDR-1002 was also inhibited, which might explain why IDR-1002 did not lead to expression of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, even though it induced an increase in phospho-CREB relative abundance. In conclusion, our results indicated that IDR-1002 has a dual effect. On one hand, it inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation through a mechanism that involved inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation, and on the other, it activated a protein kinase signaling cascade that phosphorylated CREB to selectively influence cytokine gene expression. Based on these results, we think IDR-1002 could be a potential good biopharmaceutical candidate to control inflammation.
Application of balanced detection to absorption measurements of trace gases with room-temperature, quasi-cw quantum-cascade lasers (2001)

Distributed-feedback quantum-cascade (QC) lasers are expected to form the heart of the next-generation mid-IR laser absorption spectrometers, especially as they are applied to measurements of trace gases in a variety of environments. The incorporation of room-temperature-operable, single-mode QC lasers should result in highly compact and rugged sensors for real-world applications. We report preliminary results on the performance of a laser absorption spectrometer that uses a QC laser operating at room temperature in a quasi-cw mode in conjunction with balanced ratiometric detection. We have demonstrated sensitivities for N(2)O [10 parts in 10(6) volume-mixing ratio for a 1-m path (ppmv-m)] and NO [520 parts in 10(9) volume-mixing ratio for a 1-m path (ppbv-m)] at 5.4 mum. System improvements are described that are expected to result in a 2 orders of magnitude increase in sensitivity.