gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low temperature silicon nitride waveguides for multilayer platforms (2016)

Several 3D multilayer silicon photonics platforms have been proposed to provide densely integrated structures for complex integrated circuits. Amongst these platforms, great interest has been given to the inclusion of silicon nitride layers to achieve low propagation losses due to their capacity of providing tight optical confinement with low scattering losses in a wide spectral range. However, none of the proposed platforms have demonstrated the integration of active devices. The problem is that typically low loss silicon nitride layers have been fabricated with LPCVD which involves high processing temperatures (&lt;1000 ºC) that affect metallisation and doping processes that are sensitive to temperatures above 400ºC. As a result, we have investigated ammonia-free PECVD and HWCVD processes to obtain high quality silicon nitride films with reduced hydrogen content at low temperatures. Several deposition recipes were defined through a design of experiments methodology in which different combinations of deposition parameters were tested to optimise the quality and the losses of the deposited layers. The physical, chemical and optical properties of the deposited materials were characterised using different techniques including ellipsometry, SEM, FTIR, AFM and the waveguide loss cut-back method. Silicon nitride layers with hydrogen content between 10-20%, losses below 10dB/cm and high material quality were obtained with the ammonia-free recipe. Similarly, it was demonstrated that HWCVD has the potential to fabricate waveguides with low losses due to its capacity of yielding hydrogen contents &lt;10% and roughness &lt;1.5nm.
0932 Real-time Simulator for Neuro-Endovascular Treatment (2007)

Computer-based simulators for surgical operations provide effective training and planning environments without danger to patients. A computer-based training simulator system for neuroendovascular treatment we have developed. In this paper, we focus on an approach for real-time deformation of devices such as catheters and guide-wires during navigation inside complex vascular networks. We have developed a mathematical model based on three-dimensional beam theory, combined with an incremental approach that allows for highly non-linear behavior using a linear model. Volume-based models constructed from 3D DSA or MR/CT images of a patient's brain for the vascular modeling we have adopted for the computationally efficient.
Calorie Restriction Prevents Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (2010)

Because recent evidence demonstrated that calorie restriction (CR) has numerous beneficial cardiovascular effects, we investigated whether short-term CR could reduce hypertension and prevent cardiac hypertrophy inherent to the nonobese spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). After 5 weeks of either ad libitum feeding or short-term CR, SHRs subjected to short-term CR had lower systolic blood pressure (BP) and reduced left ventricular wall thickness as assessed by noninvasive tail-cuff BP measurements and echocardiography, respectively. In addition, ultrasound measurements of the femoral artery revealed that flow-mediated vasodilation was significantly improved in SHRs with CR compared to controls. Moreover, pressure myography of isolated mesenteric arteries and subsequent histological and biochemical analysis of these arteries demonstrated that short-term CR improved vascular compliance, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and nitric oxide bioavailability, and reduced vascular remodeling compared to ad libitum-fed SHRs. Although these effects are likely multifactorial, they were associated with elevated levels of the circulating adipokine, adiponectin, and enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. To provide evidence that elevated adiponectin levels in the SHR is sufficient to prevent an increase in BP, adenoviral-mediated overexpression of adiponectin increased circulating levels of adiponectin, reduced BP, and activated the AMPK/eNOS pathway in the absence of CR. Overall, our findings provide compelling evidence that short-term CR exerts beneficial effects in the SHR via stimulation of an adiponectin/AMPK/eNOS signaling axis. As a result, CR may serve as an effective nonpharmacological treatment of hypertension, and targeting the adiponectin/AMPK/eNOS pathway may improve treatment of hypertension.
Doppler Lidar Observations over a High Altitude Mountainous Site Manora Peak in the Central Himalayan Region (2016)

The RAWEX-GVAX field campaign has been carried out from June 2011 to March 2012 over a high altitude site Manora Peak, Nainital (29.4 degrees N; 79.2 degrees E; 1958 m amsl) in the central Himalayas to assess the impacts of absorbing aerosols on atmospheric thermodynamics and clouds. This paper presents the preliminary results of the observations and data analysis of the Doppler Lidar, installed at Nainital. Strong updrafts with vertical winds in the range of similar to 2-4 ms(-1) occurred during the daytime and throughout the season indicating thermally driven convection. On the other hand during nighttime, weak downdrafts persisted during stable conditions. Plan Position Indicator scan of Doppler Lidar showed north-northwesterly winds in the boundary layer. The mixing layer height, derived from the vertical velocity variance, showed diurnal variations, in the range similar to 0.7-1 km above ground level during daytime and very shallow during nighttime.
Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation During Sevoflurane Anesthesia (1999)

We investigated the effect of sevoflurane and isoflurane on dynamic cerebral pressure autoregulation using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. At 1.5 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration, dynamic autoregulation was better preserved during sevoflurane than isoflurane anesthesia.
Selective affinity labeling of a 27-kDa integral membrane protein in rat liver and kidney with N-bromoacetyl derivatives of L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine. (1990)

125I-Labeled N-bromoacetyl derivatives of L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine were used as alkylating affinity labels to identify rat liver and kidney microsomal membrane proteins which specifically bind thyroid hormones. Affinity label incorporation was analyzed by ethanol precipitation and individual affinity labeled proteins were identified by autoradiography after separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Six to eight membrane proteins ranging in size from 17 to 84 kDa were affinity labeled by both bromoacetyl-L-thyroxine (BrAcT4) and bromoacetyl-L-triiodothyronine (BrAcT3). Affinity labeling was time- and temperature-dependent, and both reduced dithiols and detergents increased affinity labeling, predominantly in a 27-kDa protein(s). Up to 80% of the affinity label was associated with a 27-kDa protein (p27) under optimal conditions. Affinity labeling of p27 by 0.4 nM BrAc[125I]L-T4 was blocked by 0.1 microM of the alkylating ligands BrAcT4, BrAcT3, or 100 microM iodoacetate, by 10 microM concentrations of the non-alkylating, reversible ligands N-acetyl-L-thyroxine, 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, 3,5-diiodosalicylate, and EMD 21388, a T4-antagonistic flavonoid. Neither 10 microM L-T4, nor 10 microM N-acetyltriiodothyronine or 10 microM L-triiodothyronine blocked affinity labeling of p27 or other affinity labeled bands. Affinity labeling of a 17-kDa band was partially inhibited by excess of the alkylating ligands BrAcT4, BrAcT3, and iodoacetate, but labeling of other minor bands was not blocked by excess of the competitors. BrAc[125I]T4 yielded higher affinity label incorporation than BrAc[125I]T3, although similar banding patterns were observed, except that BrAcT3 affinity labeled more intensely a 58,000-Da band in liver and a 53,000-55,000-Da band in kidney. The pattern of other affinity labeled proteins with p27 as the predominant band was similar in liver and kidney. Peptide mapping of affinity labeled p27 and p55 bands by chemical cleavage and protease fragmentation revealed no common bands excluding that p27 is a degradation product of p55. These data indicate that N-bromoacetyl derivatives of T4 and T3 affinity label a limited but similar constellation of membrane proteins with BrAcT4 incorporation greater than that of BrAcT3. One membrane protein (p27) of low abundance (2-5 pmol/mg microsomal protein) with a reactive sulfhydryl group is selectively labeled under conditions identical to those used to measure thyroid hormone 5'-deiodination. Only p27 showed differential affinity labeling in the presence of noncovalently bound inhibitors or substrates on 5'-deiodinase suggesting that p27 is likely to be a component of type I 5'-deiodinase in rat liver and kidney.
Human Centromere Protein B Induces Translational Positioning of Nucleosomes on α-Satellite Sequences (2005)

The human centromere proteins A (CENP-A) and B (CENP-B) are the fundamental centromere components of chromosomes. CENP-A is the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, and CENP-B specifically binds a 17-base pair sequence (the CENP-B box), which appears within every other alpha-satellite DNA repeat. In the present study, we demonstrated centromere-specific nucleosome formation in vitro with recombinant proteins, including histones H2A, H2B, H4, CENP-A, and the DNA-binding domain of CENP-B. The CENP-A nucleosome wraps 147 base pairs of the alpha-satellite sequence within its nucleosome core particle, like the canonical H3 nucleosome. Surprisingly, CENP-B binds to nucleosomal DNA when the CENP-B box is wrapped within the nucleosome core particle and induces translational positioning of the nucleosome without affecting its rotational setting. This CENP-B-induced translational positioning only occurs when the CENP-B box sequence is settled in the proper rotational setting with respect to the histone octamer surface. Therefore, CENP-B may be a determinant for translational positioning of the centromere-specific nucleosomes through its binding to the nucleosomal CENP-B box.
MCM-D technology for integrated passives components (2000)

Integrated passive components are becoming of growing importance for new telecommunication circuits. In this paper, a thin film multilayer MCM-D technology for the integration of almost any type of passive structure is presented. The capabilities of the technology are demonstrated up to microwave frequencies through the examples of various realized integrated passive components.
Speedup macroblock mode decision in H.264/SVC encoding using cost-sensitive learning (2010)

In this paper we present a novel macroblock mode decision algorithm to speedup H.264/SVC Intra frame encoding. We replace the complex mode-decision calculations by a classifier which has been trained specifically to minimize the reduction in RD performance. This results in a significant speedup in encoding. The results show that machine learning has a great potential and can reduce the complexity substantially with negligible impact on quality. The results show that the proposed method reduces encoding time to about 70% in base layer and up to 50% in enhancement layer of the reference implementation with a negligible loss in quality.
Fabrication of an electrical spin transport device utilizing a diazonium salt/hafnium oxide interface layer on epitaxial graphene grown on 6 H-SiC(0001) (2012)

Nonlocal Hanle spin precession devices are fabricated on wafer scale epitaxial graphene utilizing conventional and scalable processing methods. To improve spin injection and reduce contact related spin relaxation, hafnium oxide is utilized as an interface barrier between the graphene on SiC(0001) and ferromagnetic metal contacts. The hafnium oxide layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition utilizing an organic seed layer. Spin precession is observed in the epitaxial graphene.
Low-loss, robust fusion splicing of silica to chalcogenide fiber for integrated mid-infrared laser technology development (2015)

We demonstrate a low-loss, repeatable, and robust splice between single-mode silica fiber and single-mode chalcogenide (CHG) fiber. These splices are particularly difficult to create because of the significant difference in the two fibers&#x2019; glass transition temperatures (&#x223C;1000&#xB0;C) as well as the large difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the fibers (&#x223C;20&#xD7;10&#x2212;6/&#xB0;C). With 90% light coupled through the silica&#x2013;CHG fiber splice, predominantly in the fundamental circular-symmetric mode, into the core of the CHG fiber and with 0.5&#xA0;dB of splice loss measured around the wavelength of 2.5&#xA0;&#x3BC;m, after correcting only for the Fresnel loss, the silica&#x2013;CHG splice offers excellent beam quality and coupling efficiency. The tensile strength of the splice is greater than 12&#xA0;kpsi, and the laser damage threshold is greater than 2&#xA0;W (CW) and was limited by the available laser pump power. We also utilized this splicing technique to demonstrate 2 to 4.5&#xA0;&#x3BC;m ultrabroadband supercontinuum generation in a monolithic all-fiber system comprising a CHG fiber and a high peak power 2&#xA0;&#x3BC;m pulsed Raman-shifted thulium fiber laser. This is a major development toward compact form factor commercial applications of soft-glass mid-IR fibers.
Hypoxia: a key player in antitumor immune response. A Review in the Theme: Cellular Responses to Hypoxia (2015)

The tumor microenvironment is a complex system, playing an important role in tumor development and progression. Besides cellular stromal components, extracellular matrix fibers, cytokines, and other metabolic mediators are also involved. In this review we outline the potential role of hypoxia, a major feature of most solid tumors, within the tumor microenvironment and how it contributes to immune resistance and immune suppression/tolerance and can be detrimental to antitumor effector cell functions. We also outline how hypoxic stress influences immunosuppressive pathways involving macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, T regulatory cells, and immune checkpoints and how it may confer tumor resistance. Finally, we discuss how microenvironmental hypoxia poses both obstacles and opportunities for new therapeutic immune interventions.
Technical Obstacles to Thin Film Transistor Circuits on Plastic (2008)

Two main technical obstacles must be overcome to build a fruitful business in the nascent flexible microelectronics industry: the self-heating effect of thin film transistors (TFTs), and the thermal and mechanical durability of flexible devices. The self-heating effect is controlled through TFT shape, TFT electrical performance, dimensional reductions, and energy-efficient circuits. Plastic engineering is one of the keys to solving thermal and mechanical durability problems faced by flexible microelectronics devices. Once these obstacles are cleared, TFT circuits on plastic will spawn a new industry and markets for plastic large-scale integrations.
The doctoral-education context in the twenty-first century: (2022)

Barbara Grant, Maresi Nerad, Corina Balaban, Rosemary Deem, Martin Grund, Chaya Herman, Aleksandra Kanjuo Mrčela, Susan Porter, Janet Rutledge, Richard Strugnell, The doctoral-education context in the twenty-first century:, Towards a Global Core Value System in Doctoral Education, pp. 18-42
Direct gap electroluminescence from Si/Ge1−ySny p-i-n heterostructure diodes (2011)

Electroluminescence spectra from Si/Ge1−ySny heterostructure diodes are reported. The observed emission is dominated by direct gap optical transitions and displays the expected compositional dependence of the peak energy. Weaker indirect gap emission is also observed, and their energies are consistent with a closing of the indirect-direct separation as the Sn concentration is increased. The intensity of the EL spectra shows a superlinear dependence on the injection current, which is modeled using a Van Roosbroeck–Shockley expression for the emission intensity. The model assumes quasiequilibrium conditions for the electrons populating the different valleys in the conduction band of Ge.
Coupling CPG-based trajectory generation and Optimal Control to control online bipedal walking (2009)

International audience
Special library integrates cutting‐edge technology: the 3M™ Digital Identification System (2000)

Routine tasks, such as transactions at the bank, grocery store and gas station, are becoming more and more automated, making daily activities more efficient. 3M Library Systems are now applying the same technologies to library work in a way that promises to change the whole way staff work and patrons visit the library. This article looks at the benefits of the 3M™ Digital Identification System is bringing to the Curriculum Materials Library (CML) at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV).
Electrical and Photonic Functions Originating from Low-Dimensional Structures in Wide-Gap Semiconductors LnCuOCh (Ln=lanthanide, Ch=chalcogen): A Review (2005)

This article reviews novel electrical and optical properties found for epitaxial thin films of wide-gap semiconductors, LnCuOCh (Ln=lanthanide, Ch=chalcogen). This material series has a two-dimensional crystal structure composed of alternately stacked (Ln2O2)2+ and (Cu2Ch2)2- layers. Distinctive properties such as high hole mobility, degenerate p-type conduction, room temperature exciton, and large optical nonlinearity were found and these are attributed to two-dimensional electronic structure arising from the layered structure, i.e., a narrow-gaped and hole-conductive (Cu2Ch2)2- layer is sandwiched by wide-gaped insulating (Ln2O2)2+ layers. In particular, the wide-gap p-type metallic conduction was the first demonstration among any class of wide-gap materials including GaN: Mg. Realization of epitaxial thin films for these materials by reactive solid-phase epitaxy led to these discoveries which make LnCuOCh promising materials for optoelectronic devices utilizing the high p-type conductivity and/or the room temperature exciton.
Microgrid dispatch and price of reliability using stochastic approximation (2015)

When properly operated, microgrids can facilitate the integration of stochastic renewable energy without compromising service reliability. However, in the context of multi-stage dispatching, finding the optimal day-ahead energy procurement that accounts for the variability of real-time operation is a computationally challenging task. This paper develops a computationally efficient two-stage economic dispatch scheme for a microgrid that exchanges energy with an external power system. The scheme is designed to minimize the generation and energy exchange costs, while setting limits on the microgrid-wide expected load not served. The day-ahead variables, which are the solution to the first stage, are found using a stochastic approximation saddle-point algorithm. The proposed algorithm is asymptotically convergent and can be efficiently implemented upon drawing samples from the distribution of the real-time state variables (wind energy, demand, and energy prices). Numerical tests using the IEEE 14-bus power system benchmark verify that the proposed scheme outperforms all other tested alternatives, even for very high wind power penetration.
Serotonergic Drugs in Trichotillomania: Treatment Results in 12 Patients (1996)

Iancu, Iulian M.D.1; Weizman, Abraham M.D.2; Kindler, Seth M.D.1; Sasson, Yehuda M.D.1; Zohar, Joseph M.D.1 Author Information
Controversies in amputation surgery. (2003)

Amputation surgery should be the first step in the rehabilitation of a patient with a nonfunctional limb, rather than the final step in treatment. When faced with a difficult decision regarding lower extremity amputation compared with attempted limb reconstruction, expectations for a reasonable outcome must be determined. After reasonable goals have been set, the surgery should be directed toward interfacing with a prosthetic limb. Current surgical techniques of lower extremity amputation, paying special attention to transosseous versus disarticulation amputation, help to optimize prosthetic limb fitting and functional rehabilitation. With the evolution of end-bearing amputation levels, there is resurgent interest in the bone bridging technique of Johann Ertl and interest in a new pneumatic immediate postoperative prosthetic limb fitting system.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Constituents from Cuscuta reflexa. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Application of advanced hybrid metrology method to nanoimprint lithography (2017)

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is one alternative lithography solution that is being pursued by the industry. A metrology-related problem specific to NIL is the measurement of the residual layer thickness (RLT), as knowledge of this is key to the monitoring and control of the NIL process and subsequent patterning. Scatterometry is used to measure the RLT due to its ability to measure profile features non-destructively with high throughput. But because scatterometry is sensitive to features unrelated to the parameter of interest, complex geometries throughout the film stack can make the measurement challenging. New methods to reduce the impact of such complex geometries on the measurement parameters of interest are therefore needed. Because of the use of NIL for 3DNAND development, the measurement of the RLT with complex structures underneath becomes necessary. This paper describes the results from a new hybrid metrology method that can combine key information from these complex geometries with scatterometry measurements to reduce the impact on the RLT measurement due to the layers beneath the resist. By reducing this impact, scatterometry measurement noise and cross-correlation of parameters are reduced, resulting in better precision and accuracy in the RLT measurement.
Investigation of the depth of preferential surface ordering in liquids: A photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of liquid mixtures (1997)

Angle resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of a series of liquid mixtures of a perfluoropolyether (Krytox 16350) and a polyphenylether (Santovac-5) show that the former spreads on the latter and the film thickness could even be smaller than the photoelectron mean free path. The molecular ordering in krytox remain as that of the free liquid which is manifested in the enhancement of the relative intensity of specific features in the photoelectron spectrum as the electron take-off angle is decreased. The preferential ordering is limited to the very top and an upper limit of this thickness is estimated to be about 8 Å. This observation is in accordance with molecular dynamics simulations of long chain hydrocarbon liquids.