gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ziel-orientierter Entwurf von Multi-hop Medienzugriffsprotokollen (2003)

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Benutzung von Relais in einem drahtlosen Kommunikationssystem kann unterschiedlichen Zielen dienen: der Erweiterung der Abdeckung oder der Erhöhung der Kapazität einer Zelle, aber auch zur Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz. Zu diesem Zweck müssen unterschiedliche Probleme, z.B. der Wegewahl und Weiterleitung, gelöst werden. Hier wird aufgezeigt, wie sich das Ziel in der Gestaltung eines geeigneten Medienzugriffsprotokolles für drahtlose multi-hop Kommunikationssysteme niederschlägt. Dabei werden die einschlägigen Ergebnisse dreier Projekte – Coverage, ClusterNet und IBMS2 – zusammengefaßt.
Increasing autonomy of UAVs (2009)

This article has presented a tightly integrated systems architecture for a decentralized CSAT mission management algorithm and demonstrated successful implementation in actual hardware flight tests. This CSAT architecture allows each UAV to accomplish a combined search and track mission by conceptualizing the searching aspect as a spare time strategy to be executed optimally over a short time horizon when the agents are not actively tracking a vehicle. This presented a balance between the two conflicting search and track modes and allowed the mission to achieve more than simply searching or tracking alone.
Polarization engineering in GaN power transistors (2010)

This paper reviews novel design of epitaxial structure for GaN power transistors to reduce the on-state resistance and to increase the breakdown voltage. It takes advantages of the fixed charges at the interfaces caused by the material's inherent polarization, and thus it can be called as polarization engineering. Both AlGaN/GaN superlattices and polarization-matched InAlGaN quaternary alloy effectively reduce the on-state resistance by using them as capping layers over AlGaN/GaN combined with the recessed-gate structure. These capping layers successfully eliminate the electron depletion which is caused by the balancing of the fixed charges. The series resistance across the interface is fully reduced so that these capping layers enable low on-state resistance. Proposed natural super junction (NSJ) model well explains the fact that the breakdown voltages of AlGaN/GaN hetero-junction field effect transistors (HFETs) are increased by the extension of the gate and drain spacing. The model assumes that the hetero-junction can act an insulator since the polarization induced charges are always balanced at the top and the bottom surfaces. Taking advantages of the model, the fabricated multi-channel AlGaN/GaN diode with dual-recessed structure exhibits high breakdown voltage of 9400 V with low on-state resistance of 52 mΩ cm2, which reaches the predicted performance limit of GaN. The presented polarization engineering is very promising for future improvement of the device performances.
Low-Molecular-Weight Polymer–Drug Conjugates for Synergistic Anticancer Activity of Camptothecin and Doxorubicin Combinations (2016)

This study shows the high therapeutic potential of low MW polymer-drug conjugates for polychemotherapy delivery, and provides further insight into the development of polymer-drug therapeutics.
Airgaps in nano-interconnects: Mechanics and impact on electromigration (2016)

In this study, electromigration (EM) of interconnects (90 nm pitch) with airgaps was investigated using a combination of computational mechanics, analytical modelling, and EM experiments. EM experiments reveal that airgapped Cu lines without dielectric liner (non-capsulated) fail early by voiding in the EM tests due to oxidation and deterioration of interfacial adhesion at Cu interfaces. Also at high temperature regimes, extrusive failures under thermal compressive stresses were observed in airgapped Cu lines without dielectric liner. Therefore, Cu encapsulation using a conformal dielectric liner of adequate thickness is necessary in order to ensure hermeticity and provide endurance to the thermal and EM induced extrusive stresses. For an airgapped interconnect with a hermetic 5 nm PECVD conformal carbon doped silicon nitride (SiCN) liner deposited at 370 °C, a (jL)crit comparable to that of non-airgapped interconnects (with ultra-low-k dielectric 2.5 inter-layer dielectric) was predicted by the simulations. The process-oriented simulations reveal, however, that the tensile stress in Cu lines increases linearly with the thickness of the SiCN liner. Therefore, increasing the thickness of the dielectric liner beyond the minimum thickness required for hermeticity was found to impact the critical line length (jL)crit adversely.
A compositional transformation for formal verification (2002)

The conditions under which a conjunction of two relations aR/sub 1/b and bR/sub 2/c with existential abstraction of b can be transformed into an implication aR/sub 1/b to bR/sub 2/c with universal abstraction of b are determined. In algorithmic design verification based on tautology checking and automata equivalence this transformation allows one to derive new verification algorithms, and to show under which conditions the breadth-first symbolic reachability algorithm used in proving automata equivalence can be applied when the automata are nondeterministic. Boolean characteristic functions of relations that have efficient representation using binary decision diagrams are used in the derivations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A DNA Aptamer That Inhibits the Formation of Unliganded Receptor Dimer and Ligand-Independent Signaling in Cancer Cells (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Growth factor receptors are activated through dimerization by the binding of their ligands and play pivotal roles in normal cell function. However, in cancer cells, the overexpression of receptors often causes the formation of unliganded receptor dimers, which can be activated in a ligand-independent manner. Thus, the unliganded receptor dimer is a promising target to inhibit aberrant signaling in cancer. Here, we report an aptamer that inhibits ligand-independent receptor activation via preventing the formation of unliganded receptor dimer. By biasing the receptor monomer–dimer equilibrium to the monomer, this aptamer inhibited aberrant cell signaling caused by the unliganded receptor dimer. This work presents a new possibility of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics for cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
Functional MRI: A new diagnostic tool for therapeutic monitoring of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (2004)

Poster: ECR 2004 / C-703 / Functional MRI: A new diagnostic tool for therapeutic monitoring of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) by: F. L. Giesel , A. Hempel, E. Hempel, T. Wuestenberg, U. Seidl, J. Schroeder, H.-U. U. Kauczor, M. Essig; Heidelberg/DE
The power of adaptivity in source identification with time queries on the path (2020)

We study the problem of identifying the source of a stochastic diffusion process spreading on a graph based on the arrival times of the diffusion at a few queried nodes. In a graph $G=(V,E)$, an unknown source node $v^* \in V$ is drawn uniformly at random, and unknown edge weights $w(e)$ for $e\in E$, representing the propagation delays along the edges, are drawn independently from a Gaussian distribution of mean $1$ and variance $σ^2$. An algorithm then attempts to identify $v^*$ by querying nodes $q \in V$ and being told the length of the shortest path between $q$ and $v^*$ in graph $G$ weighted by $w$. We consider two settings: non-adaptive, in which all query nodes must be decided in advance, and adaptive, in which each query can depend on the results of the previous ones. Both settings are motivated by an application of the problem to epidemic processes (where the source is called patient zero), which we discuss in detail. We characterize the query complexity when $G$ is an $n$-node path. In the non-adaptive setting, $Θ(nσ^2)$ queries are needed for $σ^2 \leq 1$, and $Θ(n)$ for $σ^2 \geq 1$. In the adaptive setting, somewhat surprisingly, only $Θ(\log\log_{1/σ}n)$ are needed when $σ^2 \leq 1/2$, and $Θ(\log \log n)+O_σ(1)$ when $σ^2 \geq 1/2$. This is the first mathematical study of source identification with time queries in a non-deterministic diffusion process.
Highly luminescent Alq3: Zn nanowires (2019)

The present paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of Alq3 and Zn doped Alq3 (Alq3: Zn) nanowires. Zn has been incorporated in Alq3 matrix using ultrasonic assisted incorporation using ZnCl2. Nanowires of Alq3 and Alq3: Zn are synthesized using Thermal Vapor Transport or Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method. The morphological, structural and optical characteristics of these nanowires are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. These studies confirm the formation of fine and crystalline nanowires with the drastic enhancement in PL intensity on Zn incorporation. The PL intensity has been observed to increase with Zn concentration. The highest PL has been observed for Alq3: Zn nanowires having concentration ratio of Alq3: Zn = 1:0.9.
Cmos-Mems SC0.12AL0.88N-Based Pyroelectric Infared Detector with CO2 Gas Sensing (2021)

Pyroelectric IR detector is fabricated using ScAlN with 12% doped Sc as the pyroelectric sensing material. Dielectric layers that act as absorber are added on top of the ScAlN to help in IR absorption. This ScAlN-based pyroelectric detector is characterized by illumination from a MEMS thermal emitter with a sinusoidal input waveform. D* is measured to be as high as 1.87 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> (cm√Hz)/W at a frequency of 13 Hz. The optical absorptance of this device at 4.26 μm CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas absorption wavelength is around 0.75, measured using FTIR. CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas sensing measurement detects electrical signal changes of ~50-100 μV.
Electron Carrier Generation in a Refractory Oxide 12CaO·7Al 2 O 3 by Heating in Reducing Atmosphere: Conversion from an Insulator to a Persistent Conductor (2006)

Electron carriers were generated in refractory oxide 12CaO·7Al 2 O 3 (C12A7) through a thermal treatment in a reducing CO/CO 2 atmosphere, and the reduction process was thermodynamically analyzed. Electrical‐conductive C12A7, which had an electron concentration of ∼8 × 10 19 cm −3 and an electrical conductivity of ∼4 S/cm at 300 K, was obtained by extracting free O 2− ions in sub‐nanometer‐sized cages in the C12A7 lattice and leaving electrons behind. The enthalpy for this substitutive reaction is +425 kJ/mol, suggesting that stoichiometric C12A7 is more stable in air than the C12A7 electride.
Polymorphisms in Inflammatory Genes and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease (2001)

The concept of inflammation as a major factor in Alzheimer disease (AD) has heretofore been based on postmortem findings of autodestructive changes associated with the lesions coupled with epidemiological evidence of a protective effect of anti-inflammatory agents. Now there is evidence that the risk of AD is substantially influenced by a total of 10 polymorphisms in the inflammatory agents interleukin 1alpha, interleukin 1beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, alpha(2)-macroglobulin, and alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin. The polymorphisms are all common ones in the general population, so there is a strong likelihood that any given individual will inherit 1 or more of the high-risk alleles. The overall chances of an individual developing AD might be profoundly affected by a "susceptibility profile" reflecting the combined influence of inheriting multiple high-risk alleles. Since some of the polymorphisms in question have already been linked to peripheral inflammatory disorders, such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, and periodontitis, associations between AD and several chronic degenerative diseases may eventually be demonstrated. Such information could lead to strategies for therapeutic intervention in the early stages of such disorders.
Andrographolide a New Potential Drug for the Long Term Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease (2013)

Andrographis paniculata, (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, a herbaceous plant belonging to the Family Acanthaceae, is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in the traditional systems of Unani and Ayurvedic medicines. It grows in hedge rows throughout the plains of India and is also cultivated in gardens. It also grows in many other Asian countries and is used as a tradition‐ al herbal medicine in China, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. It is an annual plant of 1-3 ft high, also known as the “king of bitters”, being the aerial parts most commonly used. A. paniculata have shown a broad range of pharmacological effects such as in‐ hibition of replication of the HIV virus, prevention of common cold, and antimalarial, antidiar‐ rheal, antibacterial, antihyperglycemic effects, suppression of various cancer cells, and principally anti-inflammatory properties. Andrographolide is the major labdane diterpenoid isolated from A. paniculata and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, either in vi‐ tro or in vivo experimental models of inflammation and cancer. Several immunomodulatory re‐ sponses of andrographolide have been observed in in vitro studies, such as reduction of iNOS, COX-2, NO, PGE2, TNF-alpha and IL-12 in macrophages and microglia. In neutrophils is able to reduce the radical oxygen species production, and Mac-1, IL-8 and COX-2 expression. In T cells, andrographolide inhibits the expression of IL-2, IFNγ and IL-6, reducing the humoral and cellu‐ lar adaptive immune response. Andrographolide was able to reduce the dendritic cells matura‐ tion and their ability to present antigens to T cells. Andrographolide administered in rodents reduced the Th2 cytokine IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and serum immunoglobulin in an ovalbumin in‐ duced asthma model. A reduction of T cells response also has been observed in experimental au‐ toimmune encephalomyelitis and systemic lupus erythematosus mouse model. Several of immunomodulatory responses have been associated to the inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB
Spatial multiplexing over Rician fading channels : Linear precoding transmission strategies (2005)

Using information about the channel at the transmittercan improve the performance of multi-input multi-output(MIMO) communication systems. When perfect channelstate information (CSI) is available, data can be multiplexed and optimized over independent spatial channels.However, when the available channel information is imperfect or partial, crosstalk between the spatial channels isinevitable complicating the design of the transmitted data.This paper extends our earlier work on practical bit andpower loading algorithmsthat enable the use of partial CSIfor spatial multiplexing, to the case of correlated Ricianfading CSI models. Furthermore, the bit and power loading algorithm is updated for improved BER performanceas well as lower computational complexity.
Future word contexts in neural network language models (2017)

Recently, bidirectional recurrent network language models (bi-RNNLMs) have been shown to outperform standard, unidirectional, recurrent neural network language models (uni-RNNLMs) on a range of speech recognition tasks. This indicates that future word context information beyond the word history can be useful. However, bi-RNNLMs pose a number of challenges as they make use of the complete previous and future word context information. This impacts both training efficiency and their use within a lattice rescoring framework. In this paper these issues are addressed by proposing a novel neural network structure, succeeding word RNNLMs (suRNNLMs). Instead of using a recurrent unit to capture the complete future word contexts, a feedforward unit is used to model a finite number of succeeding, future, words. This model can be trained much more efficiently than bi-RNNLMs and can also be used for lattice rescoring. Experimental results on a meeting transcription task (AMI) show the proposed model consistently outperformed uni-RNNLMs and yield only a slight degradation compared to bi-RNNLMs in N-best rescoring. Additionally, performance improvements can be obtained using lattice rescoring and subsequent confusion network decoding.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of some macrocyclic C13-lactones (1991)

Oxidation of linoleic acid using immobilised soybean lipoxygenase-1 gave (13S)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid 1: lactonisation and Diels–Alder reactions involving this hydroxy acid have been explored.
Room temperature operation of strained-layer InGaAs/GaAs quantum wire lasers (1992)

Photonic devices using quantum wire (QWK) structures have attracted considerable interest in recent years. Our approach of growing GaAs/AlGaAs QWRs on V-grooved substrate has proved to be a useful method for building QWR lasers, leading to sub-mA threshold currents and room temperature oepration of these devices.1,2 In this paper we report what we believe to be the first strained- layer InGaAs/CaAs QWR lasers. The active region of these lasers consists of lateral, dense (240-nm pitch) arrays of crescent shaped QWRs which are formed in. situ during organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) on a patterned substrate. Previous attempts to make such QWR laser arrays by etching and regrowth resulted in operation at low temperature only,3 due to nonradiative recombination at the damaged wire interfaces, Our devices operate at room temperatures and exhibit spectral features due to two-dimensional (2-D) quantum confinement.
Conduction band states and the 5d-4f laser transition of rare earth ion dopants (1996)

We discuss how the interactions of the 5d orbital with the conduction band of the host medium play a crucial role in determining whether rare earth containing materials can serve as useful laser materials, based on their 5d-4f transition. To explore this issue, we examine the pump-probe spectra of Sm[sup 2+], Eu[sup 2+], and Ce[sup 3+] dopants in various fluoride and chloride crystals. In addition we suggest that the luminescence properties are also profoundly impacted by this interaction. The outstanding UV laser performance achieved by the Ce:LiSrAlF[sub 6] crystal is rationalized in terms of the reduced overlap of conduction band states with the cerium ions.
Properties and dispersion of finely ground materials. (1987)

New aspects of finest grinding were reviewed. Emphasis was laid on the role of chemical reactions in the region of finest grinding. Combination of chemical reaction with grinding leads to the concept of chemical comminution. Chemical reactions in situ during grinding brings about the composite formation with the chemical species in the environment. It is thus possible to produce various composite particles and microcapsules. The importance of peptization or desagglomeration was also discussed by referring the sintering phenomena.
Projection lithography by means of parametric photon pairs (2006)

It is well known that entangled-photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion exhibit a property that is analogous to that of ordinary incoherent lights. We formulate an image-forming optical theory of quantum lithography that comprehends the both conceptions of partial coherence and partial entanglement by extending a classical image-forming optical theory. Our optical system consists of an image-forming system, an illumination system with a second-order nonlinear medium, and two-photon absorbing materials. We evaluate the resolution of the quantum lithography system by using the optical transfer function and show a special case to be a super-resolving system.
Drowsy caches: simple techniques for reducing leakage power (2003)

On-chip caches represent a sizable fraction of the total power consumption of microprocessors. Although large caches can significantly improve performance, they have the potential to increase power consumption. As feature sizes shrink the dominant component of this power loss will be leakage. However, during a fixed period of time the activity in a cache is only centered on a small subset of the lines. This behavior can be exploited to cut the leakage power of large caches by putting the cold cache lines into a state preserving, low-power drowsy mode. Moving lines into and out of drowsy state incurs a slight performance loss. In this paper we investigate policies and circuit techniques for implementing drowsy caches. We show that with simple architectural techniques, about 80%-90% of the cache lines can be maintained in a drowsy state without affecting performance by more than 1%. According to our projections, in a 0.07 um CMOS process, drowsy caches will be able to reduce the total energy (static and dynamic) consumed in the caches by 50%-75%. We also argue that the use of drowsy caches can simplify the design and control of low-leakage caches, and avoid the need to completely turn off selected cache lines and lose their state.
Dynamic child growth prediction: A comparative methods approach (2017)

Abstract: We introduce a class of dynamic regression models designed to predict the future of growth curves based on their historical dynamics. This class of models incorporates both baseline and time-dependent covariates, start with simple regression models and build up to dynamic function-on-function regressions. We compare the performance of the dynamic prediction models in a variety of signal-to-noise scenarios and provide practical solutions for model selection. We conclude that (a) prediction performance increases substantially when using the entire growth history relative to using only the last and first observation; (b) smoothing incorporated using functional regression approaches increases prediction performance; and (c) the interpretation of model parameters is substantially improved using functional regression approaches. Because many growth curve datasets exhibit missing and noisy data, we propose a bootstrap of subjects approach to account for the variability associated with the missing data imputation and smoothing. Methods are motivated by and applied to the CONTENT dataset, a study that collected monthly child growth data on 197 children from birth until month 15. R code describing the fitting approaches is provided in a supplementary file.
Can I see an Example? Active Learning the Long Tail of Attributes and Relations (2022)

There has been significant progress in creating machine learning models that identify objects in scenes along with their associated attributes and relationships; however, there is a large gap between the best models and human capabilities. One of the major reasons for this gap is the difficulty in collecting sufficient amounts of annotated relations and attributes for training these systems. While some attributes and relations are abundant, the distribution in the natural world and existing datasets is long tailed. In this paper, we address this problem by introducing a novel incremental active learning framework that asks for attributes and relations in visual scenes. While conventional active learning methods ask for labels of specific examples, we flip this framing to allow agents to ask for examples from specific categories. Using this framing, we introduce an active sampling method that asks for examples from the tail of the data distribution and show that it outperforms classical active learning methods on Visual Genome.
Low Power Design for ASIC Cores (2000)

A semicustom ASIC design methodology is used to develop a low power DSP core for mobile (battery powered) applications. Different low power design techniques are used, including dual voltage, low power library elements, accurate power reporting, pseudomicrocode, transition‐once logic, clock gating, and others.