gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser Doppler Anemometer Measurements in an Internal Combustion Engine (1979)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This research demonstrates the capability of the Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) for making measurements inside a piston-engine cylinder. The backscatter mode of LDA operation, requiring only a single window in the cylinder, was used. An ensemble-average data-processing technique has been developed to analyze the raw velocity-crankangle data. Single-component measurements of mean velocity and rms velocity fluctuation at a single point are presented as functions of crankangle for three engine speeds. A comparison of motored and fired results is shown for one engine speed. Measurements of two components of velocity at several locations show the basic vortical nature of the flow field in this particular engine.&lt;/div&gt;
Effect of Tightening Speed on the Torque-Tension and Wear Pattern in Bolted Connections (2006)

In an effort to enhance the reliability of clamp load estimation in bolted joints, this experimental study investigates the effect of tightening speed and coating on both the torque-tension relationship and wear pattern in threaded fastener applications. The fastener torque-tension relationship is highly sensitive to normal variations in the coefficients of friction between threads and between the turning head and the surface of the joint. Hence, the initial level of the joint clamp load and the overall integrity and reliability of a bolted assembly are significantly influenced by the friction coefficients. The effect of repeated tightening and loosening is also investigated using M12, class 8.8 fasteners with and without zinc coating. The torque-tension relationship is examined in terms of the nondimensional nut factor K. The wear pattern is examined by monitoring the changes in surface roughness using a WYKO optical profiler and by using a LECO optical microscope. A Hitachi S-3200N scanning electron microscope is used to examine the contact surfaces under the fastener head after each tightening/loosening cycle. Experimental data on the effect of tightening speed, fastener coating, and repeated tightening are presented and analyzed.
System Sensitivity of Multi-Level 16-QAM and QPSK to Transmitter Imperfections in Different Modulator Designs (2006)

In this paper we characterize the impact transmitter imperfections have on two modulators capable of generating arbitrary quadrature waveforms. Power penalties are generated via Mont-Carlo simulations for 16-QAM and QPSK coherent waveforms. It is shown that the single dual-drive design experiences an increased robustness to transmitter imperfections while, simultaneously reducing cost and complexity. 16-QAM is shown to be much more sensitive to transmitter impairments than QPSK.
Early Term Radiographic Follow-Up of the Trident Tritanium Acetabular Component (2021)

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the two year clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients undergoing a primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the Trident Tritanium primary Cup. &nbsp; METHODS: 197 patients who underwent a direct anterior THA using a Tritanium acetabular component between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by two surgeons from a single institution. The investigators, along with an independent physician, separately reviewed radiographs blinded to clinical data looking for radiolucent lines adjacent to the acetabular cup using the Charnley-DeLee zones. Clinical results were measured using acetabular revision surgery as an end point for failure. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Levels of Evidence, this study was consistent with a Level III Therapeutic study. &nbsp; RESULTS: 101 (48.73%) subjects did not exhibit any radiolucent lines around the acetabular component. 53 (26.90%) subjects displayed radiolucency in only one zone. 27 (13.71%) subjects displayed radiolucency in two zones, and 16 (8.12%) displayed radiolucency in all three zones. Radiolucency was most prevalent in zone 1 at 2 years with 83 (42.13%) subjects displaying radiolucency. There were five (2.54%) acetabular failures within two years of the index surgery. Of those 5 subjects, 3 displayed radiolucency in 1 zone, 2 displayed radiolucency in &gt;1 zone, and 2 displayed radiolucencies &gt;1 mm. &nbsp; CONCLUSION: In our study, the Tritanium Cup demonstrated a 2.54% failure rate for aseptic loosening at 2 year follow-up. In addition, 48.73% of patients displayed a radiolucent line in at least one Charnley-DeLee zone. We also observed a progression of radiolucencies between the 6 month radiographs and the 2 year radiographs.
Secondary Vortices in Turbulent Square Duct Flow (invited) (2005)

A linear approach, inspired by hydrodynamic stability theory, is used to describe the presence of large scale coherent vortices for the turbulent flow in a duct of square crosssection. A set of equations for the small-amplitude coherent motion is derived and closed with a simple mixing length strategy. The initial condition that maximizes a chosen functional (related to either the kinetic energy of the coherent motion or the rate of turbulence production) is found through a direct/adjoint numerical approach borrowed from optimal control theory. It is found that different kinds of secondary flows can appear in the duct cross-section, sustained by the mean shear. Some of these optimal states display a symmetry about the bisectors and the diagonals of the duct, in agreement to experimental observations and direct numerical simulations.
Specific sublingual immunotherapy with peach LTP (Pru p 3). One year treatment: a case report (2009)

Abstract Introduction Food allergy is an increasing problem with limited therapeutic approaches apart from to the eviction diet. Case presentation A 40-year-old female patient with food allergy symptoms was polysensitized to almost all vegetable food since the age of 36; the onset of symptoms was during pregnancy. The allergological study demonstrated positive skin prick tests (SPT) to nuts, legumes, cereals, spices, several fresh fruits including peach, and other groups of vegetable foods however, it was negative to common aeroallergens. Serum specific IgE levels were negative (&lt;0.35 kU/L) to profilin and carbohydrate determinants, but positive to Pru p 3 (3.5 kU/L). Positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge to peach confirmed the allergic disease. She received specific sublingual immunotherapy with native Pru p 3 at a concentration of 40 μg/ml with 5 administrations per week and a cumulative dose of 200 μg of nPru p 3 per month. After an ultra-rush build-up phase concluded in one day she continued therapy during a year with 5 administrations per week. The clinical evolution and laboratory studies demonstrated an early reduction on SPT reactions with no relevant changes on serum specific IgE, IgG, IgG 1 and IgG 4 to Pru p 3 during the immunotherapy period. The challenge test was negative 4 months after the beginning of the SLIT. Regarding clinical response she markedly improved after the first month of treatment, and by the 3th month she had no major vegetable dietary restrictions, except for nuts and pepper. Conclusion These results demonstrate the excellent efficacy and safety of sublingual specific protein immunotherapy developed according to the patient specific sensitivity profile to Pru p3.
Formation of chiral alkoxy dienes in Wittig/Michael reactions of 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-arabinose (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of chiral alkoxy dienes in Wittig/Michael reactions of 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-arabinoseAllen B. Reitz, Alfonzo D. Jordan Jr., and Bruce E. MaryanoffCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 21, 4800–4802Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00230a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00230a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F‐protein functional antibody repertoire in adult healthy donors (2021)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of death from lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children, and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in older adults. Vaccines for pregnant women and elderly which are in phase III clinical studies target people with pre-existing natural immunity against RSV. To investigate the background immunity which will be impacted by vaccination, we single cell-sorted human memory B cells and dissected functional and genetic features of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by natural infection. Most nAbs recognized both the prefusion and postfusion conformations of the RSV F-protein (cross-binders) while a smaller fraction bound exclusively to the prefusion conformation. Cross-binder nAbs used a wide array of gene rearrangements, while preF-binder nAbs derived mostly from the expansion of B-cell clonotypes from the IGHV1 germline. This latter class of nAbs recognizes an epitope located between Site Ø, Site II, and Site V on the F-protein, identifying an important site of pathogen vulnerability.
Material development to meet today's demands (1989)

The construction of the early platforms in the North Sea often stretched materials technology to its limits and sometimes beyond them. There are many instances where major pumps or piping systems have had to be replaced either because the original materials were not sufficient for the duty or because the process fluids have become more corrosive during the life of the oilfield. The paper reviews the considerable work that has been carried out in recent years specially directed at developing stainless steels capable of withstanding a number of the harsh corrosion environments met on off-shore platforms. The latest stainless steels are able to withstand all the standard seawater duties without suffering from localised pitting or crevice corrosion. Their resistance to hydrogen sulphide stress corrosion means they can cope with the most sour process fluids at present met in the North Sea.
Clinical variables that increase the probability of pulmonary embolism diagnosis in symptomatic children (2019)

This combined data set of children with suspected PE discovered factors that may contribute to a diagnosis of PE: hypoxia, unilateral limb swelling, trauma/surgery requiring hospitalization in previous 4 weeks, prior thromboembolism, and cancer, age-adjusted tachycardia, tachypnea, anemia, and leukocytosis. Prospective testing is needed to determine which criteria should be used to initiate diagnostic testing for PE in children.
Signal reconstruction from multiple correlations: frequency- and time-domain approaches: reply to comment (1991)

The time-domain reconstruction method of Giannakis [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A6, 682 ( 1989), Subsec. 3.B] is correct and was derived under the assumption that a matrix containing certain triple-correlation lags has full rank. Although the counterexample of Tugnait [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A8, 452 ( 1991)] violates this assumption, I show that a full-rank triple-correlation matrix exists. Recent important results that establish a unique reconstruction of two-sided pole-zero signals and their orders are also presented.
Three‐Component Asymmetric Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by a Lewis Acid with Rhodium‐Centered Chirality (2017)

A highly efficient direct asymmetric three-component Mannich reaction of an N-acylpyrazole, an aldehyde and a primary or secondary amine, was enabled by a rhodium-based Lewis-acid catalyst with metal-centered chirality. Excellent enantioselectivities were achieved for a variety of substrates at a typical catalyst loading of merely 0.5 mol % (23 examples, up to 98 % ee).
EVALUATION OF A SERIES OF PERFLUOROALKYLATED SURFACTANTS DERIVED FROM TERTIARY AMINES: SURFACE PROPERTIES AND EMULSIFICATION OF FLUOROCARBONS (1992)

ABSTRACT In view of their easy preparation, the physicochemical properties of a series of highly fluorinated cationic (ammonium salts), zwitterionic (carboxybetaines) or nonionic (amine oxide) surfactants derived from perfluoroalkylated tertiary amines were investigated. Their solubility in water, interfacial properties and the exceptionally low hemolytic activity of the zwitterionic series mark them out as potential surfactants or co-surfactants for the preparation of fluorocarbon emulsions and other preparations for biomedical use. Fine and moderately concentrated fluorocarbon emulsions (50 w/w% in fluorocarbon) could be obtained in some cases when they were used as the sole surfactant. However, none was found suitable for preparing concentrated emulsions (90 w/v% in fluorocarbon) and no appreciable stabilization was found when they were used as co-surfactants with egg yolk phospholipids.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Approach to Mevinic Acid Analogues from Methyl (3R)‐(‐)‐3‐ Hydroxyhex‐5‐enoate and an Extension to Unambiguous Syntheses of (6R)‐( +)‐ and (6S)‐(‐)‐Goniothalamin. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Platelet-active substances in the venom ofBothrops moojenisnake–a novel evaluation method using whole blood aggregometry (2009)

The objective of the present study was an investigation of the crude Bothrops moojeni venom, aiming at the identification of new compounds with platelet-activating or -inhibiting activity. The venom was separated by gel filtration chromatography into 18 fractions, which were tested by means of whole blood aggregometry for their activities affecting the aggregation of blood platelets. In order to eliminate interferences caused by prothrombin activators or thrombin like-enzymes, which are frequently present in snake venoms, a test method for screening protein mixtures was developed. To avoid clotting of the blood samples, the thrombin inhibitor hirudin and the synthetic inhibitor of fibrin polymerization Pefabloc FG were applied. In the present study, a platelet aggregation activator with an activity resembling thrombocytin from B. atrox was identified in one of the examined venom fractions. In addition, a platelet antagonist-most likely a disintegrin-with broad inhibitory activity against aggregation triggered by collagen, adenosine diphosphate and thrombin receptor activating peptide, was identified.
Stable suspension and dispersion-induced transitions from repulsive Casimir forces between fluid separated eccentric cylinders (2024)

Using accurate numerical methods for finite-size nonplanar objects, we demonstrate a stable mechanical suspension of a silica cylinder within a metallic cylinder separated by ethanol, via a repulsive Casimir force between the silica and the metal. We investigate cylinders with both circular and square cross sections, and show that the latter exhibit a stable orientation as well as a stable position, employing a new method to accurately compute Casimir torques for finite objects. Furthermore, the stable orientation of the square cylinder is shown to undergo an unusual 45 transition as a function of the separation lengthscale, and this transition is explained as a consequence of material dispersion.
Infrared Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (IR-SNOM) Below the Diffraction Limit (2007)

Infrared Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (IR-SNOM) is an extremely powerful analytical instrument since it combines IR spectroscopy’s high chemical specificity with SNOM’s high spatial resolution. In order to do this in the infrared, specialty chalcogenide glass fibers were fabricated and their ends tapered to generate SNOM probes. The fiber tips were installed in a modified near field microscope and both inorganic and biological samples illuminated with the tunable output from a free-electron laser located at Vanderbilt University. Both topographical and IR spectral images were simultaneously recorded with a resolution of ~50 ㎚ and ~100 ㎚, respectively. Unique spectroscopic features were identified in all samples, with spectral images exhibiting resolutions of up to λ/60, or at least 30 times better than the diffraction limited lens-based microscopes. We believe that IR-SNOM can provide a very powerful insight into some of the most important bio-medical research topics.
Neuromorphic computing: Challenges from quantum materials to emergent connectivity (2022)

First Page
Robust Contrastive Active Learning with Feature-guided Query Strategies (2021)

We introduce supervised contrastive active learning (SCAL) and propose efficient query strategies in active learning based on the feature similarity (featuresim) and principal component analysis based feature-reconstruction error (fre) to select informative data samples with diverse feature representations. We demonstrate our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, model calibration and reduces sampling bias in an active learning setup for balanced and imbalanced datasets on image classification tasks. We also evaluate robustness of model to distributional shift derived from different query strategies in active learning setting. Using extensive experiments, we show that our proposed approach outperforms high performing compute-intensive methods by a big margin resulting in 9.9% lower mean corruption error, 7.2% lower expected calibration error under dataset shift and 8.9% higher AUROC for out-of-distribution detection.
Smallpox vaccines: circling the wagons (2005)

‘The development of a replacement tissue culture-derived smallpox vaccine is an important achievement. However, the potential pathogenesis of this vaccine presents novel challenges for its deployment to protect potential at-risk populations from a bioterrorism attack.’
Higher-Order Side Channel Security and Mask Refreshing. (2015)

Masking is a widely used countermeasure to protect block cipher implementations against side-channel attacks. The principle is to split every sensitive intermediate variable occurring in the computation into d + 1 shares, where d is called the masking order and plays the role of a security parameter. A masked implementation is then said to achieve d-order security if any set of d (or less) intermediate variables does not reveal key-dependent information. At CHES 2010, Rivain and Prouff have proposed a higher-order masking scheme for AES that works for any arbitrary order d. This scheme, and its subsequent extensions, are based on an improved version of the shared multiplication processing published by Ishai et al. at CRYPTO 2003. This improvement enables better memory/timing performances but its security relies on the refreshing of the masks at some points in the algorithm. In this paper, we show that the method proposed at CHES 2010 to do such mask refreshing introduces a security flaw in the overall masking scheme. Specifically, we show that it is vulnerable to an attack of order dd/2e + 1 whereas the scheme is supposed to achieve d-order security. After exhibiting and analyzing the flaw, we propose a new solution which avoids the use of mask refreshing, and we prove its security. We also provide some implementation trick that makes our proposed solution, not only secure, but also faster than the original scheme.
Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Solidified Mg-Zn Alloys (2000)

Mg-Zn alloys were rapidly solidified and aged at 423 K. Their mechanical properties were studied at room temperature. Both hardness and tensile strength increased with increasing the Zn concentration. Aging did not show noticeable effects on mechanical properties. Vickers hardness of 100 to 2(X) HV was obtained for Mg- (2-20) mol% Zn alloys. Tensile tests were performed in Mg-2, 4, and 8 mol% Zn alloys and their yield stresses were found to be 261, 453, and 542 MPa, respectively. High strength may be attributed to a fine microstructure produced by rapid solidification.
Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin in chronic kidney disease, suppresses both bone formation and bone resorption (2017)

Abnormalities of bone turnover are commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ), and the low‐turnover bone disease is considered to be associated with low serum parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) levels and skeletal resistance to PTH . Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a representative uremic toxin that accumulates in the blood of patients with CKD . Recently, we have reported that IS exacerbates low bone turnover induced by parathyroidectomy (PTX) in adult rats, and suggested that IS directly induces low bone turnover through the inhibition of bone formation by mechanisms unrelated to skeletal resistance to PTH . To define the direct action of IS in bone turnover, we examined the effects of IS on bone formation and bone resorption in vitro . In cultures of mouse primary osteoblasts, IS suppressed the expression of osterix, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) mRNA and clearly inhibited the formation of mineralized bone nodules. Therefore, IS directly acts on osteoblastic cells to suppress bone formation. On the other hand, IS suppressed interleukin ( IL )‐1‐induced osteoclast formation in cocultures of bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, and IL ‐1‐induced bone resorption in calvarial organ cultures. In cultures of osteoblasts, IS suppressed the mRNA expression of RANKL , the receptor activator of NF ‐κB ligand, which is a pivotal factor for osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, IS acted on osteoclast precursor, bone marrow‐derived macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells, and suppressed RANKL ‐dependent differentiation into mature osteoclasts. IS may induce low‐turnover bone disease in patients with CKD by its direct action on both osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors to suppress bone formation and bone resorption.
The Sackler Colloquium on promises and perils in nanotechnology for medicine (2008)

The Sackler Colloquium entitled "Nanomaterials in Biology and Medicine: Promises and Perils" was held on April 10-11, 2007. We have been able to assemble a representative sampling of 17 of the invited talks ranging over the topics presented. Any new technology carries with it both a promise of transforming the way we do things and the possibility that there are unforeseen consequences. The papers collected here represent a cross-section of these issues. As an example, we present our own work on nano-upconversion phosphors as an example of this new class of nanomaterials with potential use in medicine and biology.