gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape recovery performance of a (V, C)-containing Fe–Mn–Si–Ni–Cr shape memory alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (2022)

In the present work, a Fe–Mn–Si shape memory alloy containing V and C has been fabricated by laser powder bed fusion for the first time. A pronounced pseudo-elasticity compared to a similar alloy but conventionally manufactured is achieved after aging treatment, as a result of the fine microstructure developed during the process and of the evaporation of Mn. The formation of high precipitate densities is also responsible for the improved thermo-mechanical properties. The size and density of precipitates significantly vary with aging conditions and account for important variation in material's performance. A maximum pseudo-elasticity is observed in samples aged at 750 °C for 6 h. The recovery strain upon unloading exceeds the values achieved in the conventionally manufactured alloy by more than 50%.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropyl Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. Part 64. Facile Preparation of Hexahydropyrrolo[3,2‐e][1,4]diazepine‐2,5‐diones and Tetrahydrofuro[1H][3,2‐e][1,4]diazepine‐2,5‐diones by Rearrangements of Cyclopropylketimines and Cyclopropylketones. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Milroy disease and the VEGFR-3 mutation phenotype (2005)

Primary congenital lymphoedema (Milroy disease) is a rare autosomal dominant condition for which a major causative gene defect has recently been determined. Mutations in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) gene have now been described in 13 families world-wide. This is a review of the condition based on the clinical findings in 71 subjects from 10 families. All 71 individuals have a mutation in VEGFR-3. Ninety per cent of the 71 individuals carrying a VEGFR-3 mutation showed signs of oedema, which was confined in all cases to the lower limbs. In all but two cases onset of swelling was from birth. Other symptoms and signs included cellulitis (20%), large calibre leg veins (23%), papillomatosis (10%), and upslanting toenails (10%). In males, hydrocoele was the next most common finding after oedema (37%). Thorough clinical examination of these patients indicates that there are few clinical signs in addition to lower limb oedema. Rigorous phenotyping of patients produces a high yield of VEGFR-3 mutations.
Nanotechnology Approaches to Contrast Enhancement in Optical Imaging and Disease‐Targeted Therapy (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nanotechnology-Based Contrast Agents Enhanced-Contrast Optical Imaging Using Functionalized Nanoprobes Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Disease-Targeted therapy and Tissue Regeneration Conclusions References
Structures of a Clathrate Hydrate Former, Inhibitor, and Synergist in Water B (2018)

SANS studies are reported for aqueous THF at the 1:17 clathrate hydrate-forming composition and on aqueous solutions of the synergist 2-butoxyethanol. Addition of the clathrate hydrate inhibitor polyvinylcaprolactam and a dimeric model compound, 1,3-bis(caprolactamyl)butane, show that the inhibitors do not significantly affect the solution structures of these two important species in clathrate hydrate formation and inhibition. The SANS studies show that 1,3-bis(caprolactamyl)butane is a good model for polyvinylcaprolactam, and both the polymer and model compound exhibit hydrogen bonding interactions with water but do not interact significantly with 2-butoxyethanol in aqueous solution.
Volumetric segmentation of multiple basal ganglia structures using nonparametric coupled shape and inter-shape pose priors (2009)

We present a new active contour-based, statistical method for simultaneous volumetric segmentation of multiple subcortical structures in the brain. Neighboring anatomical structures in the human brain exhibit co-dependencies which can aid in segmentation, if properly analyzed and modeled. Motivated by this observation, we formulate the segmentation problem as a maximum a posteriori estimation problem, in which we incorporate statistical prior models on the shapes and inter-shape (relative) poses of the structures of interest. This provides a principled mechanism to bring high level information about the shapes and the relationships of anatomical structures into the segmentation problem. For learning the prior densities based on training data, we use a nonparametric multivariate kernel density estimation framework. We combine these priors with data in a variational framework, and develop an active contour-based iterative segmentation algorithm. We test our method on the problem of volumetric segmentation of basal ganglia structures in magnetic resonance (MR) images and present a quantitative performance analysis. We compare our technique with existing methods and demonstrate the improvements it provides in terms of segmentation accuracy.
O4‐12‐05: Interaction between microtubule‐associated protein tau and RNA binding proteins stimulates tau misfolding and stress granule formation (2015)

Microtubule associated protein tau (Tau) is predominantly expressed in axons, but the accumulation of misfolded/aggregated Tau in the somatic and dendritic compartments is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reason for this mislocalization and the role of dendritic tau is poorly understood. Identifying the biological signals that regulate this process could highlight novel therapeutic targets for AD. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are a class of about 800 proteins that function in the nucleus to regulate mRNA maturation. RBPs also function in the cytoplasm where they regulate RNA translation, trafficking, sequestration and degradation; in neurons, these RNA functions occur mainly in the soma and dendrite. Increasing evidence links neurological disease processes to dysfunction of neuronal RBPs, RNA granules and stress granules (SGs). We have recently shown that RBPs, including TIA1, co-localize with neuropathology in brain tissue of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and fulfill the criteria of SGs. We hypothesized that Tau might function to regulate SG formation and the translational stress response. We used primary cultures of cortical neurons from tau knockout mice and TIA-1 knockout mice to examine the effects of tau on formation of stress granules containing TIA-1, and the effects of TIA-1 on tau misfolding. We examined the interactions of these proteins using immunocytochemistry, super-resolution imaging, immunoprecipitations, mass spectroscopy/proteomics, development of photo-convertible constructs and live cell imaging. We now report a novel function for tau in regulating dendritic RNA granules. Tau accelerates SG formation and is required for normal interactions of TIA1 with proteins linked to RNA metabolism. Loss of tau abrogates interactions of TIA1 with proteins linked to RNA metabolism, including ribosomal proteins and RNA binding proteins. TIA1 associated SGs also stimulate the pathophysiology of tau, increasing tau misfolding, slowing tau catabolism and stimulating neurodegeneration. The role of tau in translational biology identifies novel pharmacological interventions, such that preventing SG formation pharmacologically or via TIA1 knockout reduces tau granules and blocks tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Conversely, stimulating SG formation increases tau granules and promotes neurodegeneration. These results present novel functions for tau, and point to new routes for pharmacotherapy of tauopathies.
Compensation of Polarization Dependent Loss by Optimizing the Transmitted State-of-Polarization for 140 Gbit/s DP-QPSK (2016)

Using a feedback signal from the receiver, the state-of-polarization of a 140 Gbit/s DP-QPSK signal is optimized to mitigate the effects of PDL. The ability to track changes in the state-of-polarization is assessed using quasi-real-time measurements.
Efficient Sorting of Homomorphic Encrypted Data With k-Way Sorting Network (2021)

In this study, we propose an efficient sorting method for encrypted data using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). The proposed method extends the existing 2-way sorting method by applying the k-way sorting network for any prime k to reduce the depth in terms of comparison operation from O(log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n) to O(klog <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n), thereby improving performance for k slightly larger than 2, such as k=5. We apply this method to approximate FHE which is widely used due to its efficiency of homomorphic arithmetic operations. In order to build up the k-way sorting network, the k-sorter, which sorts k-numbers with a minimal comparison depth, is used as a building block. The approximate homomorphic comparison, which is the only type of comparison working on approximate FHE, cannot be used for the construction of the k-sorter as it is because the result of the comparison is not binary, unlike the comparison in conventional bit-wise FHEs. To overcome this problem, we propose an efficient k-sorter construction utilizing the features of approximate homomorphic comparison. Also, we propose an efficient construction of a k-way sorting network using cryptographic SIMD operations. To use the proposed method most efficiently, we propose an estimation formula that finds the appropriate k that is expected to reduce the total time cost when the parameters of the approximating comparisons and the performance of the operations provided by the approximate FHE are given. We also show the implementation results of the proposed method, and it shows that sorting 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> = 15625 data using 5-way sorting network can be about 23.3% faster than sorting 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> = 16384 data using 2-way.
Effects of cultivar and environment on farinograph and Canadian short process mixing properties of Canada Western Red Spring wheat (2001)

Fourteen Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown at six Saskatchewan sites in 1995 were used to assess the impact of cultivar and environment on dough mixing properties. ANOVA showed that cultivar, environment and interactions thereof generally had highly significant effects on farinograph and Canadian short process (CSP) water absorption and mixing parameters. Most of the variance in farinograph and CSP absorption could be attributed to environment, while cultivar was the predominant contributor to farinograph dough development time and stability. Both cultivar and environment had a strong influence on CSP mixing time and mixing energy. Neither protein nor particle size index as covariate had a strong influence on the partitioning of variance. Strong significant relationships were evident among absorption parameters and among most mixing strength parameters. No strongly significant relationships were found between absorption and mixing strength parameters. Significant differences were evident among cultivar means and among station means for all parameters. The strong impact of environment on most mixing properties suggests that attention should be focused on the potential adverse impact on the uniformity of CWRS shipments due to the trend towards reduced blending among regions associated with the continued development of large high throughput primary elevators. Key words: Cultivar, environment, wheat, dough mixing properties
High-resolution Images and Formation Evaluation in Slim Holes from a New Logging-While-Drilling Azimuthal Laterolog Device (2010)

Abstract A new logging while drilling (LWD) device acquires laterolog resistivity logs and borehole images in 6-in. holes drilled with con-ductive mud. On a single drill collar, the tool combines a standard laterolog azimuthal measurement with a new, high-resolution imaging capability. The tool uses monitored button electrodes and toroidal antennas to produce focused laterolog resistivity measurements with azimuthal sensitivity, made at multiple depths of investigation. A new measurement configuration within the button electrodes gives downhole mud resistivity. The toroidal antennas provide bit resistivity and azimuthally averaged focused laterolog measurements at multiple depths of investigation. The orientation system in the tool uses the earth's magnetic field as a reference to determine the azimuthal tool position as it rotates. Together with the multi-depth sensitivities of the measurements, this allows structural and borehole invasion profile analysis. The four laterolog images can be compressed and transmitted uphole in real-time for well placement and for wellbore-stability applications. The high-resolution imager is an array of button electrodes on a removable sleeve. The resulting formation image combines the high resolution of wireline imager with the full borehole coverage of an LWD device. A dedicated data compression algorithm allows real-time transmission of this image with moderate resolution losses, enabling applications such as fracture detection while drilling. This paper describes the tool's main features and performances in the initial field tests.
Dynamic Mosaics (2012)

Past mosaicing approaches stitch a set of photos into a single static mosaic. We present a novel approach where we visualize a photo collection in an interactive viewer that allows the user to smoothly and seamlessly transition between a collection of local mosaics instead of a single static mosaic. Such an approach works with more general photo collections than possible with static mosaicing while preserving the straight lines in the scene. Moreover, the viewer dynamically selects optimal seams between images in a semi-online fashion that handles misalignment, scene motion and parallax and also recreates dynamic aspects such as moving objects and exposure changes.
Data from <i>In vivo</i> Knockdown of the Androgen Receptor Results in Growth Inhibition and Regression of Well-Established, Castration-Resistant Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Progression to the castration-resistant state is the incurable and lethal end stage of prostate cancer, and there is strong evidence that androgen receptor (AR) still plays a central role in this process. We hypothesize that knocking down AR will have a major effect on inhibiting growth of castration-resistant tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Castration-resistant C4-2 human prostate cancer cells stably expressing a tetracycline-inducible AR-targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were generated to directly test the effects of AR knockdown in C4-2 human prostate cancer cells and tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; expression of AR shRNA resulted in decreased levels of AR mRNA and protein, decreased expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), reduced activation of the PSA-luciferase reporter, and growth inhibition of C4-2 cells. Gene microarray analyses revealed that AR knockdown under hormone-deprived conditions resulted in activation of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, protein synthesis, and tumorigenesis. To ensure that tumors were truly castration-resistant &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, inducible AR shRNA expressing C4-2 tumors were grown in castrated mice to an average volume of 450 mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. In all of the animals, serum PSA decreased, and in 50% of them, there was complete tumor regression and disappearance of serum PSA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Whereas castration is ineffective in castration-resistant prostate tumors, knockdown of AR can decrease serum PSA, inhibit tumor growth, and frequently cause tumor regression. This study is the first direct evidence that knockdown of AR is a viable therapeutic strategy for treatment of prostate tumors that have already progressed to the castration-resistant state.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
TT232, A Novel Signal Transduction Inhibitory Compound in the Therapy of Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases (2005)

TT-232 is a structural analogue of somatostatin exhibiting strong and selective growth-inhibitory effects, inhibition of neurogenic inflammation, as well as general anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential without the wide-ranging endocrine side effects of the parent hormone and its "traditional" analogues. The anti-inflammatory action of TT-232 is mediated through the SSTR4 receptor, and its antitumor activity is mediated through the SSTR1 receptor and by the tumor-specific isoform of pyruvate kinase. Its mechanism of action is in line with a new era of molecular medicine called signal transduction therapy, where "false" intracellular or intercellular communication is inhibited or corrected without interfering with basic cell functions and machinery. TT232 has passed phase I clinical trials without toxicity and significant side effects, and phase II studies are running for oncological and anti-inflammatory indications, respectively. This compound has the perspective to become the first drug in molecularly targeted therapy of inflammation where a combined effect of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neurogenic inflammation-inhibiting activity can be achieved.
Observation of Phase-Filling Singularities in the Optical Dielectric Function of Highly Doped n-Type Ge (2017)

Phase-filling singularities in the optical response function of highly doped (>10^{19} cm^{-3}) germanium are theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Contrary to direct-gap semiconductors, which display the well-known Burstein-Moss phenomenology upon doping, the critical point in the joint density of electronic states associated with the partially filled conduction band in n-Ge corresponds to the so-called E_{1} and E_{1}+Δ_{1} transitions, which are two-dimensional in character. As a result of this reduced dimensionality, there is no edge shift induced by Pauli blocking. Instead, one observes the "original" critical point (shifted only by band gap renormalization) and an additional feature associated with the level occupation discontinuity at the Fermi level. The experimental observation of this feature is made possible by the recent development of low-temperature, in situ doping techniques that allow the fabrication of highly doped films with exceptionally flat doping profiles.
Mechanism of antibody-specific deglycosylation and immune evasion by Streptococcal IgG-specific endoglycosidases (2023)

Bacterial pathogens have evolved intricate mechanisms to evade the human immune system, including the production of immunomodulatory enzymes. Streptococcus pyogenes serotypes secrete two multi-modular endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases, EndoS and EndoS2, that specifically deglycosylate the conserved N-glycan at Asn297 on IgG Fc, disabling antibody-mediated effector functions. Amongst thousands of known carbohydrate-active enzymes, EndoS and EndoS2 represent just a handful of enzymes that are specific to the protein portion of the glycoprotein substrate, not just the glycan component. Here, we present the cryoEM structure of EndoS in complex with the IgG1 Fc fragment. In combination with small-angle X-ray scattering, alanine scanning mutagenesis, hydrolytic activity measurements, enzyme kinetics, nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics analyses, we establish the mechanisms of recognition and specific deglycosylation of IgG antibodies by EndoS and EndoS2. Our results provide a rational basis from which to engineer novel enzymes with antibody and glycan selectivity for clinical and biotechnological applications.
Endothelial Cells Exposed to Anoxia/Reoxygenation Are Hyperadhesive to T‐lymphocytes: Kinetics and Molecular Mechanisms (2000)

A/R elicits a T-lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion response that involves transcription-dependent surface expression of VCAM-1.
Ultrabright Room-Temperature Sub-Nanosecond Emission from Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Coupled to Nanopatch Antennas (2018)

Solid-state quantum emitters are in high demand for emerging technologies such as advanced sensing and quantum information processing. Generally, these emitters are not sufficiently bright for practical applications, and a promising solution consists in coupling them to plasmonic nanostructures. Plasmonic nanostructures support broadband modes, making it possible to speed up the fluorescence emission in room-temperature emitters by several orders of magnitude. However, one has not yet achieved such a fluorescence lifetime shortening without a substantial loss in emission efficiency, largely because of strong absorption in metals and emitter bleaching. Here, we demonstrate ultrabright single-photon emission from photostable nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamonds coupled to plasmonic nanocavities made of low-loss single-crystalline silver. We observe a 70-fold difference between the average fluorescence lifetimes and a 90-fold increase in the average detected saturated intensity. The nanocavity-coupled NVs produce up to 35 million photon counts per second, several times more than the previously reported rates from room-temperature quantum emitters.
Growth of (Ti,Zr)N Films on Si by DC Reactive Sputtering of TiZr in N[sub 2]/Ar Gas Mixtures (2004)

Titanium zirconium nitride [(Ti,Zr)N] films were prepared on Si substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering from a Ti-5 atom % Zr alloy target in gas mixtures. Material characteristics of the (Ti,Zr)N films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, four-point probe, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. According to those results, the deposition rate, chemical composition, crystalline structure, and film resistivity of the deposited films correlate with the flow ratio. The microstructure of the (Ti,Zr)N films was an assembly of very small columnar crystallites with a rock-salt (NaCl) structure and an enlarged lattice constant (over pure TiN). A minimum film resistivity of 59.3 μΩ cm was obtained at an flow ratio of 2.75, corresponding to near stoichiometric film composition and crystalline structure. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Supplementary Table 4 from MYC Phosphorylation at Novel Regulatory Regions Suppresses Transforming Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file, 160K, GO Analysis of significant genes expression changes.&lt;/p&gt;
Quantitative algorithm for the localization of the origin of ectopic ventricular beats using catheter pace mapping (2002)

In the treatment of a ventricular tachycardia by radiofrequency ablation, it is essential to position the tip of the catheter at the origin of the arrhythmia. A quantitative algorithm has been developed to estimate the site of origin of the arrhythmia on the basis of paced QRS integral maps and the corresponding spatial coordinates of the catheter tip positions. The algorithm has been validated by simulation, using catheter pace maps and spatial coordinates obtained in WPW-patients undergoing RF ablation. When assuming a coupled linear relation between coordinates of the catheter tip positions and the pace map, 71% of the required positions were estimated with an accuracy within the resolution of the position measurements.