gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Raman spectroscopy to identify breast cancer from the water content in surgical samples containing blue dye (2020)

Abstract Breast conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer aims for optimal oncological results with minimal tissue excision. Positive margins due to insufficient resection results in significant numbers of patients requiring re‐excision, which could be resolved with intra‐operative margin analysis (IMA). High wavenumber (HWN) Raman Spectroscopy (RS) examines the difference in protein/lipid environment and water content in tissues. Fluorescence from haemoglobin and blue dye surgical pigments (commonly present in excised breast tissue) can confound HWN RS. We present a Raman system with 785 nm excitation laser and indium gallium arsenide camera capable of quantifying changes in water content in different environments (protein‐rich and lipid‐rich) by measuring the water/total area ratio (W/TAR) of the HWN spectrum. We demonstrate that haemoglobin and blue dye do not adversely affect water content analysis by the W/TAR calculation. Measurement of paired tumour/non‐tumour human breast tissue specimens showed the biochemical differences between tissues, and spectral analysis with W/TAR demonstrated large differences in water content and that our Raman system can accurately differentiate between tumour and non‐tumour tissue, even in the presence of surgical pigments. This provides proof of principle that this Raman system is suitable for further investigation with a view to providing IMA in the clinical environment. image
Recommendations for the management of COVID 19 patients regarding proarrhythmic effects of some current treatments, specifically if these patients suffer from arrhythmias, and for those receiving antiarrhythmic therapy. (2020)

Recommendation provides information to employees of medical departments at any level and primarily primary care about the possible proarrhythmic and adverse effects of drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients and the features of therapy for COVID-19 patients with heart rhythm and conduction disorders receiving permanent antiarrhythmic therapy.
Wide-angle, high-concentration photovoltaics to compete with flat-plate systems (2013)

A novel photovoltaic concentrator enables highly uniform irradiance on a small number of efficient solar cells.
Acid-producing potential of the various lithic units associated with the mining of coal. Technical completion report (1986)

A collection of the seven different potentially toxic lithotypes encountered in the mining of coal were collected for five coals in 18 mines over a 5 county area in northern West Virginia for a total of 89 samples. Each sample was subjected to total sulfur analysis and to the soxhlet extraction/oven reoxidation procedure devised by the authors for the evaluation of an acid-production rate constant, alpha. The data show that the samples with the lowest sulfur contents have the highest acid production rate constants.
Soft phonon modes from off-center Ge atoms lead to ultralow thermal conductivity and superior thermoelectric performance in n-type PbSe–GeSe (2018)

The off-centered Ge leads to the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity and record high average <italic>ZT</italic> for n-type PbSe.
Charakterisierung zwei verschiedener Geräte zur Inhalation von Colistin (2005)

Die Inhalation von Colistin ist eine der wesentlichen Stützen einer effizienten Therapie bei Mukoviszidose. Um die Inhalation von Colistin, aber auch von anderen Medikamenten, effizienter zu gestalten und damit die tägliche Inhalationszeit zu verkürzen wurde vorgeschlagen, diese Inhalation mit optimiertem und kontrolliertem Atemmanöver durchzuführen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die kontrollierte Inhalation von Colistin mit dem AKITA -Inhalationssystem und einem Pari LC Star Vernebler mit der konventionellen Inhalation mit dem Pari Turbo Boy N Kompressor und Pari LC Plus Vernebler in-vitro verglichen.
7 Strand Displacement Synthesis by Reverse Transcriptase (1993)

We discuss here a property of reverse transcriptase revealed by observations made some time ago that unintegrated linear avian sarcoma-leukosis virus (ASLV) DNA molecules have a unique structure. The unintegrated linear ASLV DNA consists of a continuous minus strand that is complementary to the RNA genome and a discontinuous (i.e., segmented) plus strand from which single-stranded branches have been created by strand-displacement synthesis of adjacent downstream plus-strand segments (Fig. 1). In most generic models for retroviral DNA synthesis, strand displacement is proposed as the means by which the plus-strand strong-stop DNA is displaced from its template and copied a second time, generating a long terminal repeat (LTR) duplication (Fig. 2) (see, e.g., Gilboa et al. 1979a). However, a discontinuous plus strand has not been featured in most of these models, and thus the possible consequences of strand-displacement synthesis involving plus-strand segments have not usually been considered. There may be important biological consequences due to the presence of single-stranded branches of plus-strand DNA, and electron microscopy observations have led to the proposal of a displacement/assimilation model for retroviral recombination. In this chapter, we review the available data concerning the nature of plus strands synthesized by a variety of retroviruses in permeabilized virions and in infected cells. We also examine the evidence for strand-displacement synthesis by the reverse transcriptase of ASLV and discuss the possible implications of these findings for retroviral recombination. DISCONTINUOUS PLUS STRANDS IN UNINTEGRATED LINEAR RETROVIRAL DNA The presence of a discontinuous plus strand in unintegrated ASLV DNA is...
The effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on distortion product otoacoustic emissions (2012)

Galvanic stimulation has long been used as a nonmechanical means of activating the vestibular apparatus through direct action on the vestibular nerve endings. This stimulation has been reported to be safe, but no studies have examined the potential changes in the corresponding cochlear receptors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Fourteen subjects underwent DPOAEs during several conditions of GVS. The DPOAEs ranged from ∼ 1 kHz to ∼ 8 kHz at 65/55 dB for f1/f2 and with an f2/f1 ratio of 1.2. The subjects were evaluated at 10 stimulation conditions that ranged from -2.0 mA to +2.0 mA for each frequency. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in DPOAE amplitudes for all conditions with and without GVS. Results also showed no significant differences between DPOAE amplitudes before and after GVS. Multivariate analysis found subject variability in DPOAE amplitude, which was not thought to be GVS related. Results indicated that GVS produced neither temporary nor permanent changes in DPOAEs.
Clinical trials of exon skipping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2017)

Introduction: DMD is most common form of severe childhood muscular dystrophy. The large size of the DMD gene challenges DNA repair or replacement. However, experimental in vitro and in vivo studies using antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) showed that exon skipping could result in production of a truncated dystrophin protein with potential to modify the dystrophic phenotype. This provided the impetus for clinical testing as discussed in this review.Area covered: Clinical trials were begun using alternative strategies employing antisense oligonucleotides to correct the reading frame of the mutant DMD gene. Exon 51 was target for skipping because it potentially captures the largest subgroup of DMD patients estimated to be 13% of the affected patients. One strategy used drisapersen, a 2′-O-methyl-phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (2OMePS) while the other employed a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) called eteplirsen.Expert opinion: Drisapersen initially introduced by intramuscular injection appeared to favorably skip exon 51 but follow up subcutaneous injections, attempting to produce more widespread skipping resulted in unexpected adverse events and failure to show clinical improvement. In contrast clinical experience using eteplirsen not only precisely skipped exon 51 but also resulted in clinical benefit showing a change in the rate of clinical decline and preservation of ambulation compared to natural history controls with minimal drug-related adverse events.
Molecular Testing of Serial Blood Specimens from Patients with Early Lyme Disease during Treatment Reveals Changing Coinfection with Mixtures of Borrelia burgdorferi Genotypes (2019)

<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> is the etiological agent of Lyme disease. In the current study, we used direct-detection PCR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to monitor and genotype <i>B. burgdorferi</i> isolates from serially collected whole-blood specimens from patients clinically diagnosed with early Lyme disease before and during 21 days of antibiotic therapy. <i>B. burgdorferi</i> isolates were detected up to 3 weeks after the initiation of antibiotic treatment, with ratios of coinfecting <i>B. burgdorferi</i> genotypes changing over time.
Inhibiting the TE1-mode Diffraction Losses in Parallel-Plate Waveguides via Slightly Concave Plates (2012)

We investigate how to inhibit the diffraction losses inherent to the TE1 mode of the parallel-plate waveguides via slightly concave plates. This would lead to the realization of an ultra-low-loss THz waveguide as predicted previously.
Cover Feature: Highly Electrophilic, Catalytically Active and Redox‐Responsive Cobaltoceniumyl and Ferrocenyl Triazolylidene Coinage Metal Complexes (Chem. Eur. J. 15/2018) (2018)

Cationic cobaltocenium-substituted mesoionic triazolylidene ligands enable unprecedented high electrophilicity, exhibit reversible redox behavior, and induce very high catalytic activity in their Au(I) complexes. More information can be found in the Full Paper by B. Sarkar, B. Bildstein et al. on page 3742.
N‐Methylpyrolidin‐2‐one Hydrotribromide (MPHT) as a New and Efficient Reagent for the Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Sulfones (2006)

Abstract The stable and crystalline N‐methylpyrolidin‐2‐one hydrotribromide (MPHT) effects oxidation of various sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones.
Synthetic Bryostatin Analogues Activate the RasGRP1 Signaling Pathway (2004)

The functional properties of four diacylglycerol (DAG) analogues were compared using cell-signaling assays based on the protein RasGRP1, a DAG-regulated Ras activator. Compounds 1 and 2, synthetic analogues of bryostatin 1, were compared to authentic bryostatin 1 and phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). The two "bryologues" were able to activate RasGRP1 signaling rapidly in cultured cells and isolated mouse thymocytes. They elicited expression of the T cell activation marker CD69 in human T cells. DAG analogues promptly recruited RasGRP1 to cell membranes, but they did not induce RasGRP1 proteolysis. Bryostatin 1 and compounds 1 and 2 appeared to be less potent than PMA at inducing aggregation of mouse thymocytes, a PKC-dependent, RasGRP1-independent response. In addition to sharing potential anticancer properties with bryostatin 1, compounds 1 and 2 might be clinically useful as modulators of the immune system.
Hepatocyte-Specific Mutation Establishes Retinoid X Receptor α as a Heterodimeric Integrator of Multiple Physiological Processes in the Liver (2000)

A large number of physiological processes in the adult liver are regulated by nuclear receptors that require heterodimerization with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). In this study, we have used cre-mediated recombination to disrupt the mouse RXRalpha gene specifically in hepatocytes. Although such mice are viable, molecular and biochemical parameters indicate that every one of the examined metabolic pathways in the liver (mediated by RXR heterodimerization with PPARalpha, CARbeta, PXR, LXR, and FXR) is compromised in the absence of RXRalpha. These data demonstrate the presence of a complex circuitry in which RXRalpha is integrated into a number of diverse physiological pathways as a common regulatory component of cholesterol, fatty acid, bile acid, steroid, and xenobiotic metabolism and homeostasis.
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (2017)

There are increasing applications and use of spectral computed tomography or dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in neuroradiology and head and neck imaging in routine clinical practice. Part 1 of this 2-part review covered fundamental physical principles underlying DECT scanning and the different approaches for scanning. Part 2 focuses on important and practical considerations for implementing and using DECT in clinical practice, including a review of different images and reconstructions produced by these scanners and important and practical issues, ranging from image quality and radiation dose to workflow-related aspects of DECT scanning, that routinely come up during operationalization of DECT.
A Comparison of the Acidity Levels in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (2009)

peer reviewed
Multiscale geometrical feature extraction and object recognition with wavelets and morphology (2002)

In this work, a novel method of multiscale geometric feature extraction and object recognition is developed. In particular, the new representation should have the following characteristics. First, the coarse scale features should have a geometric interpretation so that the overall geometry of the object is discernible from just these features. Second, the presence of fine scale detail should not change the coarse scale representation. These two goals are not achieved by current techniques which are based on error as measured by the L/sup 2/ norm. Two methods to accomplish these goals are presented. In the first, morphological filtering and wavelet networks are used. In the second, the correlation criteria of the matching pursuit algorithm of Mallat and Zhang (1993) is modified to obtain a variable, high resolution matching pursuit.
Ongoing star formation in NGC 3310 - an infrared perspective (1984)

Infrared observations of NGC 3310 demonstrate that the extremely blue UBV colors and intense radio, ultraviolet, and X-ray emission of this galaxy are attributable to an exceptionally luminous burst of star formation. The flux at 1 - 20 μm is separable into contributions from young and old stars, ionized gas, and warm dust. Simple models imply that the starburst is very young (≡10<SUP>7</SUP> yr) and that it will proceed at its present level of activity for a time which is only a small fraction of the age of the galaxy.
Novel Non‐Nucleobase Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus DNA Polymerase IIIC. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3,4,6‐trisubstituted cinnolines by intramolecular wittig reaction of ortho‐carbonyl substituted arylazomethylenetriphenylphosphoranes (1990)

Abstract This paper reports the first example of Wittig reaction on arylazomethylenetriphenylphosphoranes, producing the new cinnolines 6 and 7 . A new unexpected rearrangement reaction producing quinoline 8 is also reported. The structure of compound 8 was determined by X‐ray analysis.
Accurate model base verification scheme to eliminate hotspots and manage warmspots (2008)

Lithography compliance check (LCC), which is verification of layouts using lithography simulation, is an essential step under the current low k1 lithography condition. However a conventional LCC scheme does not consider process proximity effect (PPE) differences among several manufacturing tools, especially for exposure tools. In this paper two concepts are proposed. One is PPE monitoring and matching using warmspots. The warmspots are patterns that have small process window. They are sensitive to difference of illumination conditions and are basically 2-dimensional patterns. The other is LCC using multiple simulation models that represent each PPE on exposure tools. All layouts are verified by these models and the layouts are fixed if hotspots (catastrophic failure on wafer) are found. This verification step is repeated until all hotspots are eliminated from the layouts. Based on these concepts, robust cell layouts that have no hotspot under the several PPE conditions are created.
Effect of a centralised transfer service on characteristics of inter-hospital neonatal transfers (2006)

Following the introduction of a centralised neonatal transfer service, response times improved significantly. An increase in the numbers of transfers for medical intensive care was associated with a reduced number of in-utero transfers. To balance the improved safety and accessibility of neonatal transfer, similar developments may be needed to facilitate in-utero transfer.
Ciprofloxacin for the Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence in Patients with Crohnʼs Disease (2013)

In this pilot study, ciprofloxacin was not more effective than placebo for the prevention of postoperative recurrence in patients with CD. Long-term ciprofloxacin therapy is limited by drug-associated side effects. Future studies in postoperative prevention of CD should evaluate antibiotic approaches with a more favorable safety profile.
An attempt to explain rain gush formation: the ionic wind approach (2019)

Abstract Based upon experimental observation in the laboratory, we propose that ionic wind from corona discharge inside a thundercloud would play an important role in producing a rain gush. A cyclic chain of events inside a super-saturated environment in a thundercloud is proposed, each event enhancing the successive ones until lightning occurs. These successive events are collision between snowflakes and rimers, charge separation, corona discharge, ionic wind originating from the positively and negatively charged masses of cloud, vortex motion and turbulence when mixed with the updraft, more collision, more charge separation, stronger corona discharge, and so on. Meanwhile, avalanche ionization would produce more cloud condensation nuclei resulting more precipitation and hence rimers formation in the super-saturated environment. More collision in the buoyant turbulence would lead to more fusion of droplets and the formation of larger rimers. The cyclic processes would repeat themselves until the electric field between the two oppositely charged masses of cloud was strong enough to induce a lightning breakdown. There would be no more ionic wind, hence, much less buoyant turbulence. The updraft alone would not be sufficiently strong to support larger rimers which would fall down ‘suddenly’ to the earth surface as a rain gush.
Transition metal nitrides and transparent conducting oxides for practical on-chip photonic devices(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Plasmonics has long been seen as a promising technology for integrated optical devices for many fundamental applications such as telecommunications, chemistry, quantum science, and medicine. However, for these devices to be realized in a large scale, they should be CMOS-compatible – a problem for plasmonic devices which have generally relied on noble metals. Recently, CMOS compatible materials titanium nitride and transparent conducting oxides (such as doped zinc oxide) have been proposed as the most promising materials for telecommunication applications. TiN is a gold-like ceramic material with a permittivity cross-over near 500 nm. In addition, TiN can attain ultra-thin, ultra-smooth epitaxial films on substrates such as c-sapphire, MgO, and silicon. Partnering TiN with CMOS-compatible silicon nitride enables a fully solid state waveguide which is able to achieve a propagation length greater than 1 cm for a ~8 μm mode size at 1.55 μm. In fact, similar designs using TiN have outperformed gold waveguides due in large part to the reduced scattering loss of epitaxial quality films. Utilizing highly doped zinc oxide films as a dynamic photonic material, high performance modulators can also be realized. Together, these alternative materials form the base of a fully integrated nanophotonic system, capable of exceptional performance with speeds greater than 1 THz, in large part due to the development of alternative materials. Consequently, nanophotonic technologies are reaching a critical point where many applications including telecom, medicine, and quantum science can see practical systems which provide new functionalities.
Welding of Vanadium, Tantalum, 304L and 21-6-9 Stainless Steels, and Titanium Alloys at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory using a Fiber Delivered 2.2 kW Diode Pumped CW Nd:YAG Laser (2006)

This report summarizes the results of a series of laser welds made between 2003 and 2005 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The results are a compilation of several, previously unpublished, internal LLNL reports covering the laser welding of vanadium, tantalum, 304L stainless steel, 21-6-9 (Nitronic 40) steel, and Ti-6Al-4V. All the welds were made using a Rofin Sinar DY-022 diode pumped continuous wave Nd:YAG laser. Welds are made at sharp focus on each material at various power levels and travel speeds in order to provide a baseline characterization of the performance of the laser welder. These power levels are based on measurements of the output power of the laser system, as measured by a power meter placed at the end of the optics train. Based on these measurements, it appears that the system displays a loss of approximately 10% as the beam passes through the fiber optic cable and laser optics. Since the beam is delivered to the fixed laser optics through a fiber optic cable, the effects of fiber diameter are also briefly investigated. Because the system utilizes 1:1 focusing optics, the laser spot size at sharp focus generally corresponds to the diameter of the fiber with which the laser is delivered. Differences in the resulting weld penetration in the different materials system are prevalent, with the welds produced on the Nitronic 40 material displaying the highest depths (> 5 mm) and minimal porosity. A Primes focusing diagnostic has also been installed on this laser system and used to characterize the size and power density distribution of the beams as a function of both power and focus position. Further work is planned in which this focusing diagnostic will be used to better understand the effects of changes in beam properties on the resulting weld dimensions in these and other materials systems.
Tunable and precise miniature lithium heater for point-of-care applications (2020)

Point-of-care diagnostic assays often involve multistep reactions, requiring a wide range of precise temperatures. Although precise heating is critical to performing these assays, it is challenging to provide it in an electricity-free format away from established infrastructure. Chemical heaters are electricity-free and use exothermic reactions. However, they are unsuitable for point-of-care multistep reactions because they sacrifice portability, have a narrow range of achievable temperatures, and long ramp-up times. Here we developed a miniature heater by modulating the lithium-water reaction kinetics using bubbles in a channel. Our heaters are up to 8,000 times smaller than current devices and can provide precise (within 5 °C) and tunable heating from 37 °C to 65 °C (∆T<sub>RT</sub> = 12 °C to 40 °C) with ramp-up times of a minute. We demonstrate field portablity and stability and show their use in an electricity-free multistep workflow that needs a range of temperatures. Ultimately, we envision providing better access to cutting edge biochemical techniques, including diagnostics, by making portable and electricity-free heating available at any location.