gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-empirical quantum optics for mid-infrared molecular nanophotonics (2022)

Nanoscale infrared (IR) resonators with sub-diffraction limited mode volumes and open geometries have emerged as new platforms for implementing cavity quantum electrodynamics at room temperature. The use of IR nanoantennas and tip nanoprobes to study strong light-matter coupling of molecular vibrations with the vacuum field can be exploited for IR quantum control with nanometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution. In order to advance the development of molecule-based quantum nanophotonics in the mid-IR, we propose a generally applicable semi-empirical methodology based on quantum optics to describe light-matter interaction in systems driven by mid-IR femtosecond laser pulses. The theory is shown to reproduce recent experiments on the acceleration of the vibrational relaxation rate in infrared nanostructures. It also provides physical insights on the implementation of coherent phase rotations of the near-field using broadband nanotips. We then apply the quantum framework to develop general tip-design rules for the experimental manipulation of vibrational strong coupling and Fano interference effects in open infrared resonators. We finally propose the possibility of transferring the natural anharmonicity of molecular vibrational levels to the resonator near-field in the weak coupling regime to implement intensity-dependent phase shifts of the coupled system response with strong pulses and develop a vibrational chirping model to understand the effect. The semi-empirical quantum theory is equivalent to first-principles techniques based on Maxwell's equations, but its lower computational cost suggests its use as a rapid design tool for the development of strongly coupled infrared nanophotonic hardware for applications ranging from quantum control of materials to quantum information processing.
Tunable, Nanoscale Free-electron source of photons and plasmons (2009)

The passage of a free-electron beam through a nano-hole in a periodically layered metal/dielectric structure creates a new type of tuneable, nanoscale radiation source, analogous to the free-electron laser – a ‘light-well’.
Molecular genetic and genetic correlations in sodium channelopathies: lack of founder effect and evidence for a second gene. (1993)

We present a correlation of molecular genetic data (mutations) and genetic data (dinucleotide-repeat polymorphisms) for a cohort of seven hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperPP) and two paramyotonia congenita (PC) families from diverse ethnic backgrounds. We found that each of three previously identified point mutations of the adult skeletal muscle sodium-channel gene occurred on two different dinucleotide-repeat haplotypes. These results indicate that dinucleotide-repeat haplotypes are not predictive of allelic heterogeneity in sodium channelopathies, contrary to previous suggestions. In addition, we identified a HyperPP pedigree in which the dominant disorder was not linked to the sodium-channel gene. Thus, a second locus can give rise to a similar clinical phenotype. Some individuals in this pedigree exhibited a base change causing the nonconservative substitution of an evolutionarily conserved amino acid. Because this change was not present in 240 normal chromosomes and was near another HyperPP mutation, is fulfilled the most commonly used criteria for being a mutation rather than a polymorphism. However, linkage studies using single-strand conformation polymorphism-derived and sequence-derived haplotypes excluded this base change as a causative mutation: these data serve as a cautionary example of potential pitfalls in the delineation of change-of-function point mutations.
Potential inhibitors of chemokine function: Analysis of noncovalent complexes of cc chemokine and small polyanionic molecules by ESI FT-ICR mass spectrometry (2006)

Chemokines play a critical role in inducing chemotaxis, extravasation, and activation of leukocytes both in routine immunosurveillance and autoimmune diseases. Traditionally, to disrupt chemokine function, strategies have focused on blockage of its interaction with the receptor. Recently, it has been demonstrated that binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is also required for the in vivo activity of many chemokines. Thus, interference with the GAG-binding of chemokines may offer an alternative, valid, anti-inflammatory strategy. However, the potential of using small polyanions to inhibit the interactions between chemokines and cell surface GAGs has not been fully explored. In this study, a mass spectrometry based filtration trapping assay was utilized to study the interactions between two CCR 2 ligands (MCP-1/CCL2 and MCP-3/CCL7) and a series of low molecular weight, polyanionic molecules. Findings were confirmed by using a hydrophobic trapping assay. The results indicated that Arixtra (fondaparinux sodium), sucrose octasulfate, and suramin were specific binders of the chemokines, while cyclodextrin sulfate, although the most highly sulfated molecule among the ones investigated, showed no binding. The binding stoichiometry of the small molecule ligand was determined from the measured molecular weight of the noncovalent complex. Furthermore, the dissociation constant between MCP-3 and Arixtra was determined by using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FT-ICR) mass spectrometry, which compared favorably with the result of the isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay. The relative binding affinity of these ligands to MCP-3 was also determined using a competitive filtration trapping assay.
Microarray analysis of gene expression following preparation of sterile intestinal “loops” in calves (2005)

The surgical preparation of multiple, sterile intestinal “loops” has provided an effective model for the analysis of vaccine-induced mucosal immune responses in ruminants. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate intestinal “loops” as a model for genomic analyses of mucosal immune responses. Immunohistochemistry revealed no significant changes in mucosal epithelial cell architecture but microarray analyses were completed to determine if surgery and elimination of microflora significantly altered gene expression in the small intestine of one month-old calves. RNA was isolated from intestinal “loops” (Sample) and adjacent, intact intestine (Control) of each animal at 48 h (n = 3) and 12 d (n = 3) postsurgery. Total RNA from control and sample tissues was hybridized on Pyxis Genomics bovine cDNA microarrays (7884 ESTs) to identify differentially expressed genes. We observed only 2.3% (180/7884) of ESTs were significantly and differentially changed in expression at 48 h post-surgery and approximately 80% (143/180) of these genes were up-regulated. A subset of these differentially expressed genes was validated by quantitative Real Time PCR and these analyses demonstrated that many genes were returning to baseline expression levels at 12 d post-surgery. Notable among differentially expressed genes were gene clusters involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell differentiation. Surgery and elimination of microflora in 1-mo-old calves significantly altered the expression of a relatively minor number of genes but these genes were implicated in important aspects of normal mucosal function. Therefore, intestinal “loops” that control for the effects of surgical manipulation and commensal microflora must be included when conducting mucosal gene expression analyses within this animal model. Key words: Bovine, Cy-dye fluorescence, immunohistochemistry, intestine, microarray, microflora, resonance light scattering, qRT-PCR
Complete electro-optic formalism using the nonlinear optical wave equation description and some resultant new device approaches (2014)

Summary form only given. The existing descriptions of the electro-optic effect within electro-optic modulators have been updated and unified for the first time to the authors' knowledge. The more exact formulation is the basis of new research directions for modulators within the group. Here, the Jacobi Anger expression that arises out of tone modulation of an electro-optic device is a successful model which is derived assuming sinusoidal phase modulation of a lossless and phase matched modulator.
Hydrophilicity Regulates the Stealth Properties of Polyphosphoester‐Coated Nanocarriers (2018)

Increasing the plasma half-life is an important goal in the development of drug carriers, and can be effectively achieved through the attachment of polymers, in particular poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). While the increased plasma half-life has been suggested to be a result of decreased overall protein adsorption on the hydrophilic surface in combination with the adsorption of specific proteins, the molecular reasons for the success of PEG and other hydrophilic polymers are still widely unknown. We prepared polyphosphoester-coated nanocarriers with defined hydrophilicity to control the stealth properties of the polymer shell. We found that the log P value of the copolymer controls the composition of the protein corona and the cell interaction. Upon a significant change in hydrophilicity, the overall amount of blood proteins adsorbed on the nanocarrier remained unchanged, while the protein composition varied. This result underlines the importance of the protein type for the protein corona and cellular uptake.
20‐gb/s optical transmitter and receiver using sige integrated circuits (1996)

Abstract A 20‐Gb/s optical transmitter and a receiver with 3R functions is developed for ultrahigh‐speed optical communication systems for future multimedia communications. Integrated circuits (ICs), such as preamplifiers, differential amplifiers, D‐type flip‐flop (D‐F/F), and selectors with a 20‐Gb/s operating speed have been developed using the SiGe process as key components of the optical transmitter and receiver. A waveguide pinphotodiode with very low capacitance is used to realize a wide bandwidth. A front‐end module with a bandwidth of 16 GHz and a gain of 43 dBQ has been achieved using the preamplifier IC and the waveguide pin‐photodiode (PD). A 20‐Gb/s optical transmitter and a receiver is fabricated using the developed SiGe. ICs, high‐speed optical devices, and a receiver sensitivity of −23 dBm are obtained.
Putting Auction Theory to Work: The Simultaneous Ascending Auction (1999)

Thesimultaneous ascending auctionwas first introduced in 1994 to sell licenses to use bands of radio spectrum in the United States. Much of the attention devoted to the auction came from its role in reducing federal regulation of the radio spectrum and allowing market values, rather than administrative fiat, to determine who would use the spectrum resource. Several parts of economic theory proved helpful in designing the rules for simultaneous ascending auction and in thinking about how the design might be improved and adapted for new applications. After briefly reviewing the major rules of the auction in section 2, the author turns in section 3 to an analysis based on tatonnement theory, which regards the auction as a mechanism for discovering an efficient allocation and its supporting prices. The analysis reveals a fundamental difference between situations in which the licenses are mutual substitutes and others in which the same licenses are sometimes substitutes and sometimes complements. Section 4 is a selective account of some applications of game theory to evaluating the simultaneous ascending auction design for spectrum sales. Results like those reported in section 3 have led to renewed interest in auctions in which bids for license packages are permitted. In section 5, the author uses game theory to analyze the biases in a leading proposal for dynamic combinatorial bidding. Section 6 briefly answers two additional questions that economists often ask about auction design: If trading of licenses after the auction is allowed, why does the auction form matter at all for promoting efficient license assignments? Holding fixed the quantity of licenses to be sold, how sharp is the conflict between the objectives of assigning licenses efficiently and obtaining maximum revenue? Section 7 concludes.
Compressive sensing of a superposition of pulses (2010)

Compressive Sensing (CS) has emerged as a potentially viable technique for the efficient acquisition of high-resolution signals and images that have a sparse representation in a fixed basis. The number of linear measurements M required for robust polynomial time recovery of S-sparse signals of length N can be shown to be proportional to S log N. However, in many real-life imaging applications, the original S-sparse image may be blurred by an unknown point spread function defined over a domain O; this multiplies the apparent sparsity of the image, as well as the corresponding acquisition cost, by a factor of |Ω|. In this paper, we propose a new CS recovery algorithm for such images that can be modeled as a sparse superposition of pulses. Our method can be used to infer both the shape of the two-dimensional pulse and the locations and amplitudes of the pulses. Our main theoretical result shows that our reconstruction method requires merely M = O(S + |Ω|) linear measurements, so that M is sublinear in the overall image sparsity S|Ω|. Experiments with real world data demonstrate that our method provides considerable gains over standard state-of-the-art compressive sensing techniques in terms of numbers of measurements required for stable recovery.
On stationary and nonstationary models of long term random errors of gyroscopes and accelerometers in an inertial navigation system (1977)

The drifts caused by gyroscopes and accelerometers are major sources of error in an inertial navigation system which is designed to operate over long periods of time. Usually, part of these drifts are deterministic and predictable and hence are calibrated and compensated for in a system. However, the random noise drifts that can not be compensated for are to be taken into account while performing an error analysis. In addition, a Kalman filter can be designed to compensate for these random errors if proper models are obtained from the actual test data. This paper presents the model development and evaluation techniques using time series analysis. The usefulness and validity of the models developed is demonstrated by simulation and covariance analysis results.
Channel Gain Map Tracking via Distributed Kriging (2011)

A collaborative algorithm is developed to estimate the channel gains of wireless links in a geographical area. The spatiotemporal evolution of shadow fading is characterized by judiciously extending an experimentally verified spatial-loss field model. Kriged Kalman filtering (KKF), which is a tool with widely appreciated merits in spatial statistics and geosciences, is adopted and implemented in a distributed fashion to track the time-varying shadowing field using a network of radiometers. The novel distributed KKF requires only local message passing yet achieves a global view of the radio frequency environment through consensus iterations. Numerical tests demonstrate superior tracking accuracy of the collaborative algorithm compared with its noncollaborative counterpart. Furthermore, the efficacy of the global channel gain knowledge obtained is showcased in the context of cognitive radio resource allocation.
The Dartmouth Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence: Magnetic Hyperthermia (2015)

The Dartmouth Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence - one of nine funded by the National Cancer Institute as part of the Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer - focuses on the use of magnetic nanoparticles for cancer diagnostics and hyperthermia therapy. It brings together a diverse team of engineers and biomedical researchers with expertise in nanomaterials, molecular targeting, advanced biomedical imaging and translational in vivo studies. The goal of successfully treating cancer is being approached by developing nanoparticles, conjugating them with Fabs, hyperthermia treatment, immunotherapy and sensing treatment response.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylative Radical Cyclization Approaches to Tri‐ and Tetraquinanes: Sequential Formation of Three, Four and Five Carbon—Carbon Bonds. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate (2015)

This Mendelian randomization meta-analysis supports a causal association of smoking heaviness with higher level of resting heart rate, but not with blood pressure. These findings suggest that part of the cardiovascular risk of smoking may operate through increasing resting heart rate.
High-throughput Color-screening of Heterogeneous Catalysts (2006)

Abstract A high-throughput method has been developed for screening and optimization of heterogeneous catalysts and reacting condition by judging from the change in the color of reactants and products as well as indicators during reaction. As compared with other techniques, this method is simple and viable. In catalytic esterification, methyl orange is chosen as an indicator for screening the catalysts under various conditions. In the photocatalytic degradation of dyes, methyl orange and Rhodamine B are chosen as indicators for the catalytic reactions. Furthermore, the results obtained from high-throughput color-screening have been verified by GC and UV-Vis spectrometer, showing a good accordance between the color-screening and the GC, UV-Vis techniques.
Wavelength Multiplexed Laser Interferometry for Ranging (2018)

A new ranging technique is proposed using multi-wavelength laser interferometry with wavelength de-multiplexed detectors to alleviate the range-resolution trade-off inherent in many contemporary ranging techniques. We demonstrate 3-mm range and 10-nm resolution with two-wavelengths.
Assessing the Quality of Tuberculosis Evaluation for Children with Prolonged Cough Presenting to Routine Community Health Care Settings in Rural Uganda (2014)

The quality of TB evaluation was poor for children with cough ≥2 weeks' duration presenting for health care. Referrals for sputum smear microscopy and linkage to TB treatment were key gaps in the TB evaluation process, especially for children under the age of five.
Core Halogenation as a Construction Principle in Tuning the Material Properties of Tetraazaperopyrenes (2015)

A detailed study on the effects of core halogenation of tetraazaperopyrene (TAPP) derivatives is presented. Its impact on the solid structure, as well as the photophysical and electrochemical properties, has been probed by the means of X-ray crystallography, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and DFT modeling. The aim was to assess the potential of this approach as a construction principle for organic electron-conducting materials of the type studied in this work. Although halogenation leads to a stabilization of the LUMOs compared to the unsubstituted parent compound, the nature of the halide barely affects the LUMO energy while strongly influencing the HOMO energies. In terms of band-gap engineering, it was demonstrated that the HOMO-LUMO gap is decreased by substitution of the TAPP core with halides, the effect being found to be most pronounced for the iodinated derivative. The performance of the recently reported core-fluorinated and core-iodinated TAPP derivatives in organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) was investigated on both a glass substrate, as well as on a flexible plastic substrate (PEN). Field-effect mobilities of up to 0.17 cm(2) Vs(-1) and on/off current ratio of >10(6) were established.
Transdermal Drug Delivery - Problems and Promises (1988)

The advantages of delivering drugs across the skin for systemic therapy are well documented (1-6), and transdermal drug delivery, on its own merits, has now become one of the fastest growing areas in drug development. The limitations and constraints of this mode of drug therapy have to be understood, however. This present article addresses such limitations and discusses the controversies surrounding these therapeutic systems. This is attempted with the hope that a good understanding and a rational approach to developing these systems will aid in early resolution of the problem(s).Under pressure from their marketing departments, pharmaceutical companies are moving hastily to produce transdermal devices. Only with well-planned development programs that take a careful and cautious approach, transdermal technology is expected to make a significant impact on the quality of patient care.
Performance of Repetitive Tasks Induces Decreased Grip Strength and Increased Fibrogenic Proteins in Skeletal Muscle: Role of Force and Inflammation (2012)

Performance of highly repetitive tasks was associated with force-dependent declines in grip strength and increased fibrogenic-related proteins in flexor digitorum muscles. These changes were attenuated, at least short-term, by anti-inflammatory treatments.
Oxathiaphospholane approach to the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing stereodefined internucleotide phosphoroselenoate function (2005)

5‘-&lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-DMT-deoxyribonucleoside-3‘-&lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-(2-selena-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane) monomers, derivatives of dA, dC, dG, and T, can\nbe resolved into pure P-diastereomers by silica gel column chromatography. They have been used for DBU-promoted, either solution- or\nsolid-phase synthesis of P-stereodefined phosphoroselenoate analogues of oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Fast&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt; and slow-eluting monomers are\nprecursors of phosphoroselenoate internucleotide linkage of &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt; absolute configuration, respectively.
Biomaterials direct functional B cell response in a material-specific manner (2021)

B cells are an adaptive immune target of biomaterials development in vaccine research but, despite their role in wound healing, have not been extensively studied in regenerative medicine. To probe the role of B cells in biomaterial scaffold response, we evaluated the B cell response to biomaterial materials implanted in a muscle wound using a biological extracellular matrix (ECM), as a reference for a naturally derived material, and synthetic polyester polycaprolactone (PCL), as a reference for a synthetic material. In the local muscle tissue, small numbers of B cells are present in response to tissue injury and biomaterial implantation. The ECM materials induced mature B cells in lymph nodes and antigen presentation in the spleen. The synthetic PCL implants resulted in prolonged B cell presence in the wound and induced an antigen-presenting phenotype. In summary, the adaptive B cell immune response to biomaterial induces local, regional, and systemic immunological changes.
Bulk properties of composite media. I. Simplification of bounds on the shear modulus of suspensions of impenetrable spheres (1987)

We study third-order upper and lower bounds on the shear modulus of a model composite made up of equisized, impenetrable spherical inclusions randomly distributed throughout a matrix phase. We determine greatly simplified expressions for the two key multidimensional cluster integrals (involving the three-point distribution function for one of the phases) arising in these bounds. These expressions are obtained by expanding the orientation-dependent terms in the integrand in spherical harmonics and employing the orthogonality property of this basis set. The resulting simplified integrals are in a form that makes them much easier to compute. The approach described here is quite general in the sense that it has application in cases where the spheres are permeable to one another (models of consolidated media such as sandstones and sintered materials) and to the determination of other bulk properties, such as the bulk modulus, thermal/electrical conductivity, and fluid permeability.