gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear MU-MIMO pre-coding algorithms for a millimeter wave communication system using hybrid beam-forming (2014)

This paper presents the theoretical capacity performance of different linear multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) pre-coding algorithms for a millimeter wave communication system using hybrid beam-forming. Hybrid beam-forming uses both RF and digital beam-forming and is a practical way to achieve the required array gains when the high bandwidths available at millimeter wave frequencies are utilized. The performances of the different linear pre-coding schemes are simulated using a millimeter wave channel model in different interference scenarios under the assumption of perfect channel knowledge at the transmitter and at the receiver. Furthermore, enhancements to the linear pre-coding algorithms are described and the resulting performance is presented.
Quantitative phase imaging and on-chip nanoscopy for 3D imaging of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (2022)

We present a highly spatially sensitive quantitative phase microscopy system integrated with on-chip nanoscopy to visualize 3D morphology of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). We used the system to obtain 3D morphology of LSEC by using chip-based nanoscopy for lateral super-resolution, and QPM for mapping nanoscale thickness.
A tunable dispersion compensator comprised of cascaded single-cavity etalons (2005)

We present a tunable dispersion compensator comprised of phase-tuned single-cavity Gires-Tournois etalons. A procedure for optimizing the design is presented and the performance of optimized designs are given as a function of the dispersion tuning range and the number of etalons. The measured performance of a five-etalon device with a /spl plusmn/500-ps/nm dispersion tuning range is also presented.
Detection and Transformation of Genome Segments That Differ within a Coastal Population of Vibrio cholerae Strains (2007)

Vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous member of diverse aquatic ecosystems around the globe. Collectively, the genomes of environmental V. cholerae strains comprise a large repository of encoded functions which can be acquired by individual V. cholerae lineages through uptake and recombination. To characterize the genomic diversity of environmental V. cholerae, we used comparative genome hybridization to study 41 environmental strains isolated from diverse habitats along the central California coast, a region free of endemic cholera. These data were used to classify genes of the epidemic V. cholerae O1 sequenced strain N16961 as conserved, variably present, or absent from the isolates. For the most part, absent genes were restricted to large mobile elements and have known functions in pathogenesis. Conversely, genes present in some, but not all, California isolates were in smaller contiguous clusters and were less likely to be near genes with functions in DNA mobility. Two such clusters of variable genes encoding different selectable metabolic phenotypes (mannose and diglucosamine utilization) were transformed into the genomes of environmental isolates by chitin-dependent competence, indicating that this mechanism of general genetic exchange is conserved among V. cholerae. The transformed DNA had an average size of 22.7 kbp, demonstrating that natural competence can mediate the movement of large chromosome fragments. Thus, whether variable genes arise through the acquisition of new sequences by horizontal gene transfer or by the loss of preexisting DNA though deletion, natural transformation provides a mechanism by which V. cholerae clones can gain access to the V. cholerae pan-genome.
A Monolayer-Based Lift-Off Process for Patterning Chemical Vapor Deposition Copper Thin Films (1996)

We describe a non-lithographic monolayer based patterning process for depositing copper thin film microstructures by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The technique combines the microcontact printing of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) monolayers, nonselective copper CVD, and mild (abrasive-free) mechanical polishing to fabricate thin film microstructures on both planar and nonplanar substrates. This technique has been used successfully to deposit copper features with sizes ranging from 5 to 250 μm on variety of technologically important substrates including indium tin oxide (ITO), titanium nitride (TiN), thermal and plasma grown SiO2, Al2O3, and glass. Patterning is effected via adhesive failure in regions modified by microcontact printing (μCP); nucleation and growth are inhibited in these regions and the copper grains which eventually form on top of the OTS monolayer remain loosely adherent and, thus, are easily removed by mechanical means. The versatility and simplicity of the μCP process as a method for surface modification combined with chemical/physical routes of thin film deposition and patterning suggest a new, defect-tolerant method for fabricating thin film features with micrometer to centimeter dimensions with potential advantages over conventional subtractive patterning processes involving photolithography and chemical etching. Possible applications in the manufacturing of multichip modules (MCM-D) and more generally in microelectronic packaging and liquid crystal display (LCD) metalization are described.
A semantic approach for designing business protocols (2004)

Business processes involve interactions among autonomous partners. We propose that these interactions be specified modularly as protocols. Protocols can be published, enabling implementors to independently develop components that respect published protocols and yet serve diverse interests. A variety of business protocols would be needed to capture subtle business needs. We propose that the same kinds of conceptual abstractions be developed for protocols as for information models. Specifically, we consider (1) refinement: a subprotocol may satisfy the requirements of a superprotocol, but support additional properties and (2) aggregation: a protocol may combine existing protocols. In support of the above, we develop a formal semantics for protocols, an operational characterization of them, and an algebra for protocol composition.
Anti-thrombotic strategies for microfluidic blood processing (2018)

The redundant mechanisms involved in blood coagulation are crucial for rapid hemostasis. Yet they also create challenges in blood processing in medical devices and lab-on-a-chip systems. In this work, we investigate the effects of both shear stress and hypothermic blood storage on thrombus formation in microfluidic processing. For fresh blood, thrombosis occurs only at high shear, and the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban is highly effective in preventing thrombus formation. Blood storage generally activates platelets and primes them towards thrombosis via multiple mechanisms. Thrombus formation of stored blood at low shear can be adequately inhibited by glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. At high shear, von Willebrand factor-mediated thrombosis contributes significantly and requires additional treatments with thiol-containing antioxidants-such as N acetylcysteine and reduced glutathione-that interfere with von Willebrand factor polymerization. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of these anti-thrombotic strategies in microfluidic devices made of cyclic olefin copolymer, a popular material used in the healthcare industry. This work identifies effective anti-thrombotic strategies that are applicable in a wide range of blood- and organ-on-a-chip applications.
New array capabilities by photonic beamforming (2002)

A large number of organizations are currently developing concepts in photonic beamforming. We briefly review the growth and then present an updated and expanded motivation for photonic beamforming in terms of current system expectations. Fortunately, many experiments in the literature demonstrate the enormous potential for photonic techniques to meet the growing demands. Current photonic capabilities and limitations based on dispersion are presented.
A self-internalizing mitochondrial TSPO targeting imaging probe for fluorescence, MRI and EM (2014)

Advances in probes for cellular imaging have driven discoveries in biology and medicine. Primarily, antibodies and small molecules have been made for contrast enhancement of specific proteins. The development of new dendrimer-based tools offers opportunities to tune cellular internalization and targeting, image multiple modalities in the same molecule and explore therapeutics. The translocator protein (TSPO) offers an ideal target to develop dendrimer tools because it is well characterized and implicated in a number of disease states. The TSPO-targeted dendrimers reported here, primarily ClPhIQ-PAMAM-Gd-Liss, are cell membrane permeable nanoparticles that enable labeling of TSPO and provide contrast in fluorescence, electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The molecular binding affinity for TSPO was found to be 0.51 μM, 3 times greater than the monomeric agents previously demonstrated in our laboratory. The relaxivity per Gd<sup>3+</sup> of the ClPhIQ<sub>23</sub>-PAMAM-Gd<sub>18</sub> dendrimer was 7.7 and 8.0 mM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> for <i>r</i> <sub>1</sub> and <i>r</i> <sub><i>2</i></sub> respectively, approximately double that of the clinically used monomeric Gd<sup>3+</sup> chelates. <i>In vitro</i> studies confirmed molecular selectively for labeling TSPO in the mitochondria of C6 rat glioma and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Fluorescence co-registration with Mitotracker Green® and increased contrast of osmium-staining in electron microscopy confirmed mitochondrial labeling of these TSPO-targeted agents. Taken collectively these experiments demonstrate the versatility of conjugation of our PAMAM dendrimeric chemistry to allow multi-modality agents to be prepared. These agents target organelles and use complementary imaging modalities <i>in vitro</i>, potentially allowing disease mechanism studies with high sensitivity and high resolution techniques.
Laboratory Assessment of Flight Activity Displayed by Colorado Potato Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Fed on Transgenic and Cry3a Toxin-Treated Potato Foliage (1999)

Adults of full-sib Colorado potato beetle families were separated into 3 groups fed on different diets: transgenic potato foliage, potato foliage treated with a foliar formulation of B. thuringiensis endotoxin (12.37 μg of Cry3A δ-endotoxin per 1 μl of mixture), and untreated potato foliage. After feeding for 3 h, all the beetles were placed on a computer-linked flight mill system. The number of beetles that flew, duration of each flight, and the number of flights for each beetle were recorded. Feeding on transgenic foliage had a strong negative effect on the proportion of beetles that flew, as well as the average number of flights per flying beetle. Mean flight duration was not influenced by the beetle diet, but interaction between family and diet was highly significant, with pronounced family effects observed for the beetles fed on standard and treated foliage. Beetles from families that performed the longest flights when fed on untreated foliage performed the shortest flights when fed on transgenic foliage. Suppression of beetle flight as a result of endotoxin ingestion could keep beetles within transgenic fields, thus increasing selection pressure toward development of physiological resistance. One possible way to reduce this pressure is to provide refugia for susceptible beetles in close association with fields planted to transgenic potato.
Supplementary Figure 3 from GDC-0941, a Novel Class I Selective PI3K Inhibitor, Enhances the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Human Breast Cancer Models by Increasing Cell Death <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 125KB, Biomarkers for Cell Cycle Progression of HCC-1954 Cells After Synchronization Release.&lt;/p&gt;
JWST Low-resolution MIRI Spectral Observations of SN 2021aefx: High-density Burning in a Type Ia Supernova (2023)

Abstract We present a JWST/MIRI low-resolution mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic observation of the normal Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2021aefx at +323 days past rest-frame B -band maximum light. The spectrum ranges from 4 to 14 μ m and shows many unique qualities, including a flat-topped [Ar iii ] 8.991 μ m profile, a strongly tilted [Co iii ] 11.888 μ m feature, and multiple stable Ni lines. These features provide critical information about the physics of the explosion. The observations are compared to synthetic spectra from detailed non–local thermodynamic equilibrium multidimensional models. The results of the best-fitting model are used to identify the components of the spectral blends and provide a quantitative comparison to the explosion physics. Emission line profiles and the presence of electron capture elements are used to constrain the mass of the exploding white dwarf (WD) and the chemical asymmetries in the ejecta. We show that the observations of SN 2021aefx are consistent with an off-center delayed detonation explosion of a near–Chandrasekhar mass ( M Ch ) WD at a viewing angle of −30° relative to the point of the deflagration to detonation transition. From the strengths of the stable Ni lines, we determine that there is little to no mixing in the central regions of the ejecta. Based on both the presence of stable Ni and the Ar velocity distributions, we obtain a strict lower limit of 1.2 M ⊙ for the initial WD, implying that most sub- M Ch explosions models are not viable models for SN 2021aefx. The analysis here shows the crucial importance of MIR spectra in distinguishing between explosion scenarios for SNe Ia.
Maze exploration and learning in C. elegans (2006)

The soil dwelling nematode, Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans, is a popular model system for studying behavioral plasticity. Noticeably absent from the C. elegans literature, however, are studies evaluating worm behavior in mazes. Here, we report the use of microfluidic mazes to investigate exploration and learning behaviors in wild-type C. elegans, as well as in the dopamine-poor mutant, cat-2. The key research findings include: (1)C. elegans worms are motivated to explore complex spatial environments with or without the presence of food/reward, (2) wild-type worms exhibit a greater tendency to explore relative to mutant worms, (3) both wild-type and mutant worms can learn to make unconditioned responses to food/reward, and (4) wild-type worms are significantly more likely to learn to make conditioned responses linking reward to location than mutant worms. These results introduce microfluidic mazes as a valuable new tool for biological behavioral analysis.
Multicarrier LUT-based data predistortion for non-linear satellite channels (2014)

Current satellite communication architectures can be potentially improved by applying multicarrier power amplification. Joint on-board amplification of multiple carriers reduces hardware and weight, enabling cost-efficient satellite architectures. However, on board power amplification is inherently a non-linear operation, whose distortion effects drastically increase when the high power amplifier (HPA) is operated in multiple carrier mode due to the generated inter-modulation products. In order to achieve the desired on-board power efficiency and to reduce the non-linear distortion, specific countermeasures need to be put in place. In this work we provide a novel data predistortion technique for multiple carriers satellite channel based on look up table (LUT) for high throughput applications. In contrast to known single carrier LUT techniques, the entries of the table are obtained by pursuing an analytical approach exploiting channel model and implementing recursive least squares techniques (RLS). A novel method to reduce the number of LUT entries based on LUT partitioning is proposed. Considerable performance gains over standard polynomial based predistortion are realized by the proposed technique.
Interleukin 1 receptors and biological responses. (1990)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a polypeptide which possesses a wide variety of biological properties. IL-1 was originally studied as "endogenous pyrogen" and "leukocytic endogenous mediator" and more recently as "lymphocyte activating factor." Within a few minutes after intravenous injection into experimental animals, IL-1 triggers events in the hypothalamus to initiate fever, slow-wave sleep, and the release of a variety of neuropeptides. The nature of the IL-1 receptors (IL-1R) is important to the understanding of IL-1's multiple action in mediating both neural and non-neural events. In this paper, the data are reviewed on the physical nature of the dominant, high-binding 80 kDa IL-1R isolated from murine T cells. In addition, newer studies demonstrate the existence of other IL-1 binding proteins which may participate as functional IL-1 receptors. These are a 68-75 kDa binding protein found on B cells and a 26-30 kDa binding protein found on T cells and mesangial cells. There is a considerable discrepancy between the number and affinities of the 80 kDa IL-1R and biological responses. Little is known about the relationship of the 68-75 or 26-30 kDa IL-R's biological responses. It is possible that, similar to neurotransmitter receptors, multiple chains of different binding proteins participate in the signal transduction of IL-1. The hydrolysis of non-phosphatidyl inositol membrane phospholipids plays an important role in responses to IL-1.
Functional Equivalence Checking for Verification of Algebraic Transformations on Array-Intensive Source Code (2005)

The development of energy and performance-efficient embedded software increasingly relies on the application of complex transformations on critical parts of the source code. Designers applying such nontrivial source code transformations are often faced with the problem of ensuring functional equivalence of the original and transformed programs. Currently, they have to rely on incomplete and time-consuming simulation. Formal automatic verification of the transformed program against the original is desirable instead. This calls for equivalence checking tools similar to the ones available for comparing digital circuits. We present such a tool to compare array-intensive programs related through a combination of important global transformations like expression propagations, loop and algebraic transformations. When the transformed program fails to pass the equivalence check, the tool provides specific feedback on the possible locations of errors.
Tetraphenylethene-Based Star Shaped Porphyrins: Synthesis, Self-assembly, and Optical and Photophysical Study (2015)

Supramolecular self-assembly and self-organization are simple and convenient ways to design and create controlled assemblies with organic molecules, and they have provoked great interest due to their potential applications in various fields, such as electronics, photonics, and light-energy conversion. Herein, we describe the synthesis of two π-conjugated porphyrin molecules bearing tetraphenylethene moieties with high fluorescence quantum yield. Photophysical and electrochemical studies were conducted to understand the physical and redox properties of these new materials, respectively. Furthermore, these derivatives were used to investigate self-assembly via the solvophobic effect. The self-assembled aggregation was performed in nonpolar and polar organic solvents and forms nanospheres and ring-like nanostructures, respectively. The solution based aggregation was studied by means of UV-vis absorption, emission, XRD, and DLS analyses. Self-assembled ring-shape structures were visualized by SEM and TEM imaging. This ring-shape morphology of nanosized macromolecules might be a good candidate for the creation of artificial light-harvesting nanodevices.
Real time quantification of mixed ion and electron transfer associated with the doping of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (2022)

Real-time effects of mass transfer and electrochemical doping on the electronic properties of P3HT.
Supplementary Data from First-in-Human Trial of Epichaperome-Targeted PET in Patients with Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figures and methods&lt;/p&gt;
SUMO: Unbiased Estimation of Log Marginal Probability for Latent\n Variable Models (2020)

Standard variational lower bounds used to train latent variable models\nproduce biased estimates of most quantities of interest. We introduce an\nunbiased estimator of the log marginal likelihood and its gradients for latent\nvariable models based on randomized truncation of infinite series. If\nparameterized by an encoder-decoder architecture, the parameters of the encoder\ncan be optimized to minimize its variance of this estimator. We show that\nmodels trained using our estimator give better test-set likelihoods than a\nstandard importance-sampling based approach for the same average computational\ncost. This estimator also allows use of latent variable models for tasks where\nunbiased estimators, rather than marginal likelihood lower bounds, are\npreferred, such as minimizing reverse KL divergences and estimating score\nfunctions.\n
Characterization of In Vivo Retinal Lesions of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (2018)

AOSLO imaging provides detailed, noninvasive <i>in vivo</i> visualization of DR lesions enhancing the assessment of morphological characteristics. These unique AOSLO attributes may enable new insights into the pathological changes of DR in response to disease onset, development, regression, and response to therapy.
SLM-based reconfigurable test apparatus for integrated photonic logic circuits (2016)

Integrated all-optical logic circuits, an attractive platform for hardware accelerators, can have complicated I/O configurations. We demonstrate an SLM-based reconfigurable testbed that avoids the need to realign the access fibers for different circuit instances.
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF (S)‐4‐AMINO‐4,5‐DIHYDRO‐2‐FURANCARBOXYLIC ACID, A NEW SUICIDE INHIBITOR OF GABA‐TRANSAMINASE (1985)

Abstract Der aus der Furancarbonsäure (I) durch Reduktion und Veresterung hergestellte Ester (II) ergibt bei der Addition von Iodisocyanat die Iodcarbamate (III) und (IV).