gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane-Based, Liquid–Liquid Separator with Integrated Pressure Control (2013)

We describe the development and application of an improved, membrane-based, liquid–liquid separator. Membrane-based separation relies on the exploitation of surface forces and the use of a membrane wetted by one of the phases; however, successful separation requires accurate control of pressures, making the operation and implementation cumbersome. Here we present an improved separator design that integrates a pressure control element to ensure that adequate operating conditions are always maintained. Additionally, the integrated pressure control decouples the separator from downstream unit operations. A detailed examination of the controlling physical equations shows how to design the device to allow operation across a wide range of conditions. Easy to implement, multistage separations such as solvent swaps and countercurrent extractions are demonstrated. The presented design significantly simplifies applications ranging from multistep synthesis to complex multistage separations.
Deformation-Induced Martensitic Transformation Behavior of Retained Austenite during Rolling Contact in Carburized SAE4320 Steel (2020)

The deformation-induced martensitic transformation is a very effective phenomenon that improves mechanical properties of steels, and well known to be beneficial also in rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of bearings. In the present study, the characteristics of the deformation-induced martensitic transformation in the case of RCF of carburized, quenched and tempered SAE4320 steel were investigated in detail using a scanning electron microscopy – electron backscattering diffraction and an automated crystal orientation mapping - transmission electron microscopy. These analyses clarified that the extremely fine deformation-induced martensites as small as several tens of nm were formed with different variants within an austenite grain in the case of RCF, and the martensites were speculated to have the Kurdumov-Sachs or the Nishiyama-Wasserman relationship with retained austenite. Furthermore, the deformation-induced martensites were formed preferentially within the retained austenite grains, not from the interface between tempered martensite and retained austenite. Therefore, it was suggested that the deformation-induced martensites in RCF were formed from some localized regions that were plastically introduced within the retained austenite grains.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing 3′‐S‐Phosphorothiolate Linkages (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Palladium Nanoparticle-Decorated Mesoporous Polydopamine/Bacterial Nanocellulose as a Catalytically Active Universal Dye Removal Ultrafiltration Membrane (2020)

Removal of organic pollutants from industrial wastewater is of significant importance in wastewater treatment. Here, we present a highly efficient composite membrane composed of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) embedded with mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) and decorated with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The Pd-mPDA-BNC membrane is synthesized through simple and scalable process involving the in situ incorporation of mPDA nanoparticles into BNC matrix during its bacteria-mediated growth followed by in situ growth of Pd nanoparticles. The Pd-mPDA-BNC membrane exhibited high efficiency (above 99%) in removing cationic, anionic, and neutral dyes over a wide range of concentrations, and pH, and over multiple cycles of reuse. The synergistic effect of adsorption on mPDA nanoparticles and catalytic degradation by Pd nanoparticles enabled the simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants through a simple membrane filtration process. Furthermore, the Pd-mPDA-BNC membranes exhibited significantly higher water flux compared to commercially available ultrafiltration membranes with the same range of pore size, making them highly attractive for wastewater treatment.
Green Move: A Platform for Highly Configurable, Heterogeneous Electric Vehicle Sharing (2014)

Vehicle sharing in urban areas has the potential to be the answer to some of the main issues that hinder the spreading of electric vehicles, in particular for what concerns the high upfront costs of the vehicles, combined with their still limited range, which can induce phenomena such as range anxiety. For its potential to be realized, vehicle sharing must be tailored to the multiform needs of its users by offering a wide range of support services that can be selected based on the user preferences. In this paper we present the platform for vehicle sharing developed in the Green Move project, which allows services to be dynamically loaded and unloaded on vehicles, and describe a pair of prototype applications to illustrate its benefits.
A clonal expression biomarker associates with lung cancer mortality (2019)

An aim of molecular biomarkers is to stratify patients with cancer into disease subtypes predictive of outcome, improving diagnostic precision beyond clinical descriptors such as tumor stage<sup>1</sup>. Transcriptomic intratumor heterogeneity (RNA-ITH) has been shown to confound existing expression-based biomarkers across multiple cancer types<sup>2-6</sup>. Here, we analyze multi-region whole-exome and RNA sequencing data for 156 tumor regions from 48 patients enrolled in the TRACERx study to explore and control for RNA-ITH in non-small cell lung cancer. We find that chromosomal instability is a major driver of RNA-ITH, and existing prognostic gene expression signatures are vulnerable to tumor sampling bias. To address this, we identify genes expressed homogeneously within individual tumors that encode expression modules of cancer cell proliferation and are often driven by DNA copy-number gains selected early in tumor evolution. Clonal transcriptomic biomarkers overcome tumor sampling bias, associate with survival independent of clinicopathological risk factors, and may provide a general strategy to refine biomarker design across cancer types.
High-power 100-fs pulse generation by frequency doubling of an erbium–ytterbium-fiber master oscillator power amplifier (1998)

Frequency doubling of an erbium-ytterbium-fiber master-oscillator-power-amplifier system is demonstrated. Simultaneous amplification and pulse compression in multimode erbium-ytterbium-doped fibers produces high-quality near-diffraction and near-bandwidth-limited 100-fs pulses at a wavelength of 1.62microm with an average power of 230 mW at a repetition rate of 52 MHz. Periodically poled LiNbO(3) allows for frequency doubling with a conversion efficiency of 51%, producing near-bandwidth-limited 105-fs pulses with an average power of 117 mW and a pulse energy of 2.3 nJ at a wavelength of 810 nm.
Binding Energies and 19F Nuclear Magnetic Deshielding in Paramagnetic Halogen-Bonded Complexes of TEMPO with Haloperfluorocarbons (2008)

19F NMR measurements and theoretical calculations were performed to study paramagnetic complexes of iodoperfluorocarbons with stable nitroxide radicals. Contrary to what is usually measured for diamagnetic halogen-bonded complexes involving iodoperfluorocarbons, it was found that the formation of complexes with the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl(piperidin-1-yloxyl) (TEMPO) radical determines downfield shifts in the 19F NMR spectra. The experimental finding was confirmed by calculating nuclear shielding using density functional theory and correcting the isotropic diamagnetic (19)F chemical shift with contact interactions evaluated from the hyperfine coupling tensor. The computational analysis of the interaction between CF3I and TEMPO, by using DFT and MP2 theories, showed that the occurrence of the halogen bond between the interacting partners is associated with a significant charge transfer to CF3I and that the measured downfield shift is due to the occurring spin transfer.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphacumulene Ylides as Versatile C2‐Building Blocks: New Pathways to Tetronates, Coumarins and Azacycles (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthetic hollow aluminophosphate microspheres** (1995)

Hollow aluminophosphate microspheres , based on mesolamellar surfactant bilayer aluminophosphate composite material, have been synthesized in polyethylene glycol by an alkylamine surfactant based method. The surface of the spheres displays patterns of surface impressions as well as fine morphological detail withi the spherical features.
Aerosol drug delivery to tracheotomized patients with COVID-19: Pragmatic suggestions for clinicians (2021)

Because of the wide and rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the number of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly increased medically complex and resource-intensive treatment requirements in health care settings.Although tracheostomy is frequently needed for critically ill patients requiring extended mechanical ventilation, it has been described as an aerosol-generating procedure that puts health care professionals at an increased risk of viral transmission.In addition, the delivery of aerosolized medications to this patient population has become controversial because of concerns on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via droplets.Although aerosol therapy in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19 was described in recent publications, innovations in aerosol drug delivery to COVID-19 patients with tracheostomy have not been presented.Therefore, empirically based guidance on how to deliver aerosols safely and effectively to tracheotomized patients with COVID-19 is still lacking.This paper provides recommendations and rationales for device selection, interface selection, delivery techniques, and infection control based on the evolving body of literature.
Structural consequences of effector binding to the T state of aspartate carbamoyltransferase: crystal structures of the unligated and ATP- and CTP-complexed enzymes at 2.6-.ANG. resolution (1990)

The crystal structure of Escherichia coli aspartate carbamoyltransferase complexed with adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been solved by molecular replacement and has been refined to a crystallographic residual of 0.17 at 2.6-A resolution by using the computer program X-PLOR. The unit cell dimensions of this crystal form are a = b = 122.2 A and c = 143.3 A and the space group is P321. Although the c-axis unit cell dimension is approximately 1 A longer than the corresponding dimension of the CTP-ligated P321 crystal form (c = 142.2 A), the ATP-ligated enzyme adopts a T-like quaternary structure. The base moiety of ATP interacts with residues Glu10, Ile12, and Lys60 while the ribose is near Asp19 and Lys60; the triphosphate entity is bound to Lys94, although His20 and Arg96 are nearby. We observe a higher occupancy for ATP in the allosteric site of the R1 regulatory chain in comparison to the occupancy of the R6 allosteric site. These crystallographically independent sites are related by a molecular 2-fold axis. There are other violations of the noncrystallographic symmetry that are similar to those observed in the refined CTP-ligated aspartate carbamoyltransferase structure. These infringements on the molecular symmetry might be the result of intermolecular interactions in the crystal. To ensure the most meaningful comparison with the ATP-ligated structure, we refined the previously reported CTP-bound and unligated structures to crystallographic residuals between 0.17 and 0.18 using X-PLOR. These X-PLOR refined structures are not significantly different from the initial structures that had been crystallographically refined by a restrained least-squares method. After making all possible comparisons between the CTP- and ATP-ligated and the unligated T-state structures, we find that the most significant differences are located at the allosteric sites and in small changes in the quaternary structures. At the allosteric site, the binding of CTP and ATP successively enlarges the nucleotide binding cavity, particularly in the vicinity of the base. The changes in the quaternary structure can be characterized by an increase in the separation of the catalytic trimers by approximately 0.5 A as ATP binds to the unligated T structure. On the basis of these structural studies, we discuss the relationships between the conformational differences in the allosteric site and the small changes in the quaternary structure within the T form to the possible mechanisms for CTP inhibition and ATP activation.
Longitudinal study shows increasing obesity and hyperglycemia in micronesia (2013)

Our study shows a dramatic increase in obesity and hyperglycemia in Kosrae in just 7 years and forebodes significantly increased health risks for this part of the world.
Highly Efficient Permeation and Separation of Gases with Metal–Organic Frameworks Confined in Polymeric Nanochannels (2020)

This work demonstrates the confinement of porous metal-organic framework (HKUST-1) on the surface and walls of track-etched nanochannel in polyethylene terephthalate (np-PET) membrane using a liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) technique. The composite membrane (HKUST-1/np-PET) exhibits defect-free MOF growth continuity, strong attachment of MOF to the support, and a high degree of flexibility. The high flexibility and the strong confinement of the MOF in composite membrane results from (i) the flexible np-PET support, (ii) coordination attachment between HKUST-1 and the support, and (iii) the growth of HKUST-1 crystal in nanoconfined geometries. The MOF has a preferred growth orientation with a window size of 3.5 Å, resulting in a clear cut-off of CO<sub>2</sub> from natural gas and olefins. The experimental results and DFT calculations show that the restricted diffusion of gases only takes place through the nanoporous MOF confined in the np-PET substrate. This research thereby provides a new perspective to grow other porous MOFs in artificially prepared nanochannels for the realization of continuous, flexible, and defect-free membranes for various applications.
Transverse instability of the antiproton beam in the Recycler Ring (2012)

The brightness of the antiproton beam in Fermilab's 8 GeV Recycler ring is limited by a transverse instability. This instability has occurred during the extraction process to the Tevatron for large stacks of antiprotons even with dampers in operation. This paper describes observed features of the instability, introduces the threshold phase density to characterize the beam stability, and finds the results to be in agreement with a resistive wall instability model. Effective exclusion of the longitudinal tails from Landau damping by decreasing the depth of the RF potential well is observed to lower the threshold density by up to a factor of two.
Impact of Bit Errors in Digitized RF Data on Ultrasound Image Quality (2019)

This article quantitatively analyzes the impact of bit errors in digitized RF data on ultrasound image quality. The quality of B-mode images in both linear array and phased array imaging is evaluated by means of three objective image quality metrics: peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index, and contrast-to-noise ratio, when bit errors are introduced to the RF data with different bit-error rates (BERs). The effectiveness of coding schemes for forward error detection and correction to improve the image quality is also studied. The results show that ultrasound imaging is inherently resilient to high BER. The image quality suffers unnoticeable degradation for BER lower than 1E-6. Simple 1-bit parity coding with 9% added redundancy helps to retain similar image quality for BER up to 1E-4, and Hamming coding with 33.3% added redundancy allows the BER to increase to 1E-3. These results can serve as a guideline in the datalink design for ultrasound probes with in-probe receive digitization. With much more relaxed BER requirements than in typical datalinks, the design can be optimized by allowing fewer cables with higher data rate per cable or lower power consumption with the same cable count.
Five-Terminal Switched Transformer Average Modeling and AC Analysis of PFC Converters (2007)

A simple and accurate five-terminal switched transformer average model is proposed and its generalized equations are derived. The proposed model is capable of both time domain and AC analysis of DC-DC, AC-DC, and is especially suitable for single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converters. Unlike other models presented in literature, the proposed switching cell includes the transformer leakage inductance, an intermediate bus input, and still addresses both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. The model was applied to two topologies, the bi-flyback and the flyboost parallel/series forward converters. The time domain results show great accuracy when compared with the slower and time consuming switching simulation. The AC analysis is also predicted with greater accuracy exposing the dynamics of such converters, a task that was not as easily addressed before when the unique characteristics of single-stage are considered. The frequency domain analysis was also verified with experimental results for the bi-flyback converter. The model is very relevant to isolated flyback converters including the PFC examples provided, which are not as easily or as accurately modeled by other approaches.
MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Changes in the Viscoelastic and Thermal Properties Due to Phase Transition of Self-Organized Assembly. (1999)

Structural development of the ternary self-assembly, comprising cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (C16CA), cetyl alcohol (C16OH) and water, proceeds gradually up to one month. This is monitored by the strain (γ) dependence of the dynamic modulus (G') and the loss modulus (G"). Cohesive energy, EC, of the formed structure increases over weeks. While G' increases monotonously with ω, G" exhibits two maxima when plotted against frequency. This is compatible with two arcs in the Cole-Cole plots, corresponding to two respectiv relaxation mechanisms. The relaxation strengths, IH and IL are attributed to relaxation of lamellae and the network of coagulated multilamellar vesicles, respectively. We therefore conclude that viscoelastic behaviors at the higher and lower frequency sides are associated with lamellae and the network of coagulated vesicles. Two DSC endothermic peaks at 61 and 64°C represent the melting point of lamellae and vesicles. When the aging time is less than one day, the melting enthalpy ratio (ΔHL/ΔHH) is less than unity, hence the coagulated structure of vesicles outweighs lamellae. Further increase in the lamellae is consistent with the increase in the relaxation strength ratio (IH/IL) obtained from the Cole-Cole plots.
A Unique Capsule Locus in the Newly Designated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovar 16 and Development of a Diagnostic PCR Assay (2017)

<i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> causes pleuropneumonia, an economically significant lung disease of pigs. Recently, isolates of <i>A. pleuropneumoniae</i> that were serologically distinct from the previously characterized 15 serovars were described, and a proposal was put forward that they comprised a new serovar, serovar 16. Here we used whole-genome sequencing of the proposed serovar 16 reference strain A-85/14 to confirm the presence of a unique capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic locus. For molecular diagnostics, primers were designed from the capsule locus of strain A-85/14, and a PCR was formulated that differentiated serovar 16 isolates from all 15 known serovars and other common respiratory pathogenic/commensal bacteria of pigs. Analysis of the capsule locus of strain A-85/14 combined with the previous serological data show the existence of a sixteenth serovar-designated serovar 16-of <i>A. pleuropneumoniae</i>.
Analysis of the first Genetic Engineering Attribution Challenge (2021)

The ability to identify the designer of engineered biological sequences -- termed genetic engineering attribution (GEA) -- would help ensure due credit for biotechnological innovation, while holding designers accountable to the communities they affect. Here, we present the results of the first Genetic Engineering Attribution Challenge, a public data-science competition to advance GEA. Top-scoring teams dramatically outperformed previous models at identifying the true lab-of-origin of engineered sequences, including an increase in top-1 and top-10 accuracy of 10 percentage points. A simple ensemble of prizewinning models further increased performance. New metrics, designed to assess a model's ability to confidently exclude candidate labs, also showed major improvements, especially for the ensemble. Most winning teams adopted CNN-based machine-learning approaches; however, one team achieved very high accuracy with an extremely fast neural-network-free approach. Future work, including future competitions, should further explore a wide diversity of approaches for bringing GEA technology into practical use.
Recovery of ethanol from fermentation broths by catalytic conversion to gasoline. 2. Energy analysis (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecovery of ethanol from fermentation broths by catalytic conversion to gasoline. 2. Energy analysisGary A. Aldridge, Xenophon E. Verykios, and Raja MutharasanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1984, 23, 4, 733–737Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200027a018https://doi.org/10.1021/i200027a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts