gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IC‐P‐131: HUMAN IN VIVO TAU PATHOLOGY, IMPAIRED NREM SLEEP OSCILLATIONS AND MEMORY DECLINE IN AGING (2018)

Aging disrupts sleep. Moreover, these sleep impairments are exaggerated in Alzheimer's disease, and are proposed to contribute to cognitive decline. Recent human studies have linked β-amyloid with non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep disruption. However, the impact of tau pathology on human sleep oscillations and cognition remains uninvestigated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tau burden within medial temporal lobe (MTL) impairs the coupled relationship between the two key NREM sleep oscillations—sleep spindles and slow waves, and their known support of hippocampal memory. In vivo tau was measured with [18F]AV1451 PET in cognitively normal older adults (n=19, mean age=75.8), together with overnight, dense-array sleep EEG recordings. A validated associative recognition task was used to measure hippocampal memory function. Analyses focused on relationships between three measurements: (i) AV1451 tau PET binding in MTL measured as the mean (L+R) standardized uptake value ratio of tracer relative to inferior cerebellar gray matter (SUVR), (ii) EEG phase-amplitude coupling between NREM spindles and slow wave oscillations, and (iii) hippocampus-dependent memory. Worse memory performance was related to greater tau burden in MTL (AV1451 SUVR; p=0.03; Fig. 1). MTL tau burden additionally predicted the severity of impaired sleep spindle-slow wave oscillation coupling over the prefrontal cortex (p=0.03; Fig. 2, top). Moreover, this tau-related sleep disruption of spindle-slow wave coupling predicted the degree of memory impairment (p=0.05; Fig. 2, bottom).
Scalable distributed DNN training using commodity GPU cloud computing (2015)

We introduce a new method for scaling up distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) training of Deep Neural Networks (DNN). The method solves the well-known communication bottleneck problem that arises for data-parallel SGD because compute nodes frequently need to synchronize a replica of the model. We solve it by purposefully controlling the rate of weight-update per individual weight, which is in contrast to the uniform update-rate customarily imposed by the size of a mini-batch. It is shown empirically that the method can reduce the amount of communication by three orders of magnitude while training a typical DNN for acoustic modelling. This reduction in communication bandwidth enables efficient scaling to more parallel GPU nodes than any other method that we are aware of, and it can be achieved with neither loss in convergence rate nor accuracy in the resulting DNN. Furthermore, the training can be performed on commodity cloud infrastructure and networking.
Comment on “Asymmetric syntheses of sceptrin and massadine and evidence for biosynthetic enantiodivergence” (2015)

Ma et al. (Reports, 10 October 2014, p. 219) report asymmetric syntheses of sceptrin and massadine and, through a stereochemical reassignment, claim to "uncover enantiodivergence as a new biosynthetic paradigm for natural products." We challenge and clarify this claim with relevant examples from the literature of this well-known phenomenon of enantiodivergent congener biosynthesis within the same producing organism.
Photorefractive liquid crystals (1996)

Abstract Photorefractive liquid crystals represent the newest class of photorefractive materials. The low electric fields required for reorienting liquid crystals, combined with their high birefringence, results in the observation of photorefractivity with very low optical intensities and low applied fields. Photoinducing efficient charge transport over macroscopic distances is the primary hurdle for producing the space‐charge field required for photorefractivity.
Empathy in stroke rats is modulated by social settings (2019)

Rodents display "empathy" defined as perceived physical pain or psychological stress by cagemates when co-experiencing socially distinct traumatic events. The present study tested the hypothesis that empathy occurs in adult rats subjected to an experimental neurological disorder, by allowing co-experience of stroke with cagemates. Psychological stress was measured by general locomotor activity, Rat Grimace Scale (RGS), and plasma corticosterone. Physiological correlates were measured by Western blot analysis of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE)-related proteins in the thymus. General locomotor activity was impaired in stroke animals and in non-stroke rats housed with stroke rats suggesting transfer of behavioral manifestation of psychological stress from an injured animal to a non-injured animal leading to social inhibition. RGS was higher in stroke rats regardless of social settings. Plasma corticosterone levels at day 3 after stroke were significantly higher in stroke animals housed with stroke rats, but not with non-stroke rats, indicating that empathy upregulated physiological stress level. The expression of five proteins related to AGE in the thymus reflected the observed pattern of general locomotor activity, RGS, and plasma corticosterone levels. These results indicate that stroke-induced psychological stress manifested on both the behavioral and physiological levels and appeared to be affected by empathy-associated social settings.
A QBD WITH THE FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN WAS USED TO MATCH THE SIMILARITY BETWEEN RANOLAZINE EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS 500 MG AND 1000 MG (2023)

Objective: Formulation and development of Ranolazine extended-release Tablets 500 mg and 1000 mg by using QBD with Fractional factorial design to match the similarity with Branded formulation (RANEXA®). Methods: Ranolazine extended-release tablets were developed by using various polymers, Polyquid PA100 and ETHOCEL TMstandard 7 premium and Hypromellose with a wet granulation process. QBD (Quality by Design) approach was used to identify the formulation and process variables that may affect the CQAs (critical quality attributes). Excipient compatibility studies were conducted to identify the interaction between API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) and selected excipients. Additionally, using a two-level, fractional factorial (22+3) design, the DOE (design of experiments) was employed to confirm the impacts of key process factors (fluid uptake and kneading time) on the formulation's ability to match the dissolution (f2) compared to RLD (reference listed drug) and establish a stable formulation. Results: Initial risk assessment was carried out to identify the various attributes such as API flow properties, solubility, PSD, Hygroscopicity, formulation, and process variables to impact the quality of the drug product. Flow properties of API indicate poor flow. Drug and excipients compatible study results indicate that excipients used in the compatibility study are considered compatible with the active ingredient. As per the saturation solubility studies and sink conditions, dissolution media was selected. Significant differences were found among the drug release profile by examining the various levels of polymers and binders. Using a two-level, fractional factorial (22+3) design, optimum process parameters were identified with selected formulation to match the dissolution (f2) similarity with the reference listed drug (RLD); finally, XRD (X-ray diffraction) studies confirm that the crystalline polymorphic forms (Form 1) peaks in optimum formulation (F07) comparable to the reference listed drug. Conclusion: Optimized formulation and process were established with QbD (quality by design) that provides the consistent drug release to match the f2 similarities with the extended-release tablets of RANEXA®(Ranolazine) 500 mg and 1000 mg.
Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii seropositivity and shedding in farm, pet and feral cats and associated risk factors in farm cats in Quebec, Canada (2021)

Cats represent a potential source of Coxiella burnetii, the aetiological agent of Q fever in humans. The prevalence and risk factors of C. burnetii infection in farm, pet and feral cats were studied in Quebec, Canada, using a cross-sectional study. Serum samples were tested using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against C. burnetii, whereas rectal swabs were assayed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the molecular detection of the bacteria. Potential risk factors for farm cats were investigated using clinical examinations, questionnaires and results from a concurrent study on C. burnetii farm status. A total of 184 cats were tested: 59 from ruminant farms, 73 pets and 52 feral cats. Among farm cats, 2/59 (3.4%) were ELISA-positive, 3/59 (5.1%) were ELISA-doubtful and 1/59 (1.7%) was qPCR-positive. All pets and feral cats were negative to C. burnetii ELISA and qPCR. Farm cat positivity was associated with a positive C. burnetii status on the ruminant farm (prevalence ratio = 7.6, P = 0.03). Our results suggest that although pet and feral cats do not seem to pose a great C. burnetii risk to public health, more active care should be taken when in contact with cats from ruminant farms.
Time-aware utility-based QoS optimization (2004)

This paper presents a time-aware admission control and resource allocation scheme in the context of a future generation mobile network. The quality levels (and their respective utility) of the different connections are specified using discrete resource-utility (R-U) functions. The scheme uses these R-U functions for allocating and reallocating bandwidth to connections, aiming to maximize the accumulated utility of the system. However, different applications react differently to resource reallocations Therefore at each allocation timepoint we take into account the following factors: the age of the connection, a drop (disconnection) penalty and the sensitiveness to reallocation frequency. Finally, we show the superior performance of our approach compared to a recent adaptive bandwidth allocation scheme.
Instabilities in low-pressure inductive discharges with attaching gases (1999)

Plasma instabilities at frequencies 1 Hz–900 kHz have been observed in low-pressure inductive processing discharges with attaching gases. Instability windows in pressure and driving power are found. A volume-averaged (global) model of the instability is developed, considering idealized inductive and capacitive energy deposition. As pressure or power are varied to cross a threshold, the instability is born at a Hopf bifurcation, with relaxation oscillations between inductive and capacitive modes causing modulations of charged particle densities, electron temperature, and plasma potential. The oscillations can be so strong that the potential collapses and negative ions flow to the walls.
Influence of biochar and flame retardant on mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of wheat gluten composites (2022)

The use of environmentally friendly materials such as bio-sourced plastics is being driven by increased awareness of environmental issues caused by synthetic plastics. However, bio-sourced plastics have poor fire behaviour that limits their application. The addition of a flame retardant to these plastics is one effective way to increase the fire resistance property; however, the flame retardant should not interfere with the mechanical performance of the plastic. Most flame retardants act as stress concentration points, reducing tensile strength. Hence, to create a balance between tensile strength and fire resistance, biochar (to conserve strength) and lanosol (to improve fire resistance) were added to wheat gluten bioplastic in various ratios and the optimal ratio was identified. Wheat gluten composites were fabricated using compression moulding at four different concentrations of lanosol (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%) and biochar (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%). From the test results, the composite with 4 wt.% lanosol and 6 wt.% biochar exhibited a good balance between the mechanical and fire properties; it conserved the strength and improved the fire properties (39 % reduction in peak heat release rate).
Fabrication and analysis of SiN nanopores for direct DNA sequencing (2015)

This paper summarizes the latest developments regarding solid-state nanopores achieved in our laboratory. For direct DNA sequencing with solid-state nanopores, a simple method has been developed to precisely fabricate nanopores with diameters of 1 to 3 nm. By measuring DNA translocation events through the fabricated nanopores, it was confirmed that single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) can pass through nanopores with diameters as small as 1.2 nm. In addition, it was discovered that the translocation speed of ssDNA is higher than that for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) by three or four orders of magnitude. This difference in speed was explained by a difference in the forces acting on the DNA. From molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, it was found that the force of solution-DNA interactions on dsDNA is approximately 10 times larger than that on ssDNA during DNA translocation through a nanopore.
Bag1 proteins regulate growth and survival of ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. (2002)

Bag1 proteins bind heat shock protein M(r) 70,000 (Hsp 70) family molecular chaperones and regulate diverse pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stress responses. Four isoforms of Bag1 can be produced from a single gene in humans, including a nuclear-targeted long version (Bag1L)and a shorter cytosolic isoform (Bag1). Because overexpression of Bag1and Bag1L has been reported in breast cancers, we explored the effects of Bag1 and Bag1L on the growth of ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells cultured in vitro and in tumor xenograft models using immunocompromised mice. Cells stably transfected with expression plasmids encoding either Bag1 or Bag1L displayed comparable rates of growth in cultures containing 10% serum, compared with control-transfected ZR-75-1 cells. In contrast, ZR-75-1 cells stably expressing mutants of Bag1 or Bag1L, which lack the COOH-terminal domain (DeltaC) required for heat shock protein M(r) 70,000 binding, displayed retarded growth rates. When cultured without serum, the viability of control-transfected, as well as Bag1DeltaC- and Bag1LDeltaC-expressing, cells declined with time, whereas Bag1- and Bag1L-overexpressing ZR-75-1 cells survived for over a week in culture. Caspase protease activation induced by serum deprivation was also prevented by stable expression of either Bag1 or Bag1L in ZR-75-1 cells. In addition, sensitivity to anchorage dependence was restored partially in ZR-75-1 cells expressing dominant-negative Bag1DeltaC and Bag1LDeltaC. In tumor xenograft studies involving injection of ZR-75-1 cells into mammary fat pads of female nu/nu mice, ZR-75-1 cells expressing Bag1 or Bag1L formed 1.4-1.6-fold larger tumors compared with control-transfected cells, whereas tumors formed by Bag1DeltaC- and Bag1LDeltaC-expressing cells grew very slowly and reached sizes < one-third of tumors generated by Neo-control ZR-75-1 cells. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that Bag1 and Bag1L provoke similar changes in breast cancer cell growth and survival and suggest that interference with Bag1 or Bag1L function might be a useful strategy for opposing breast cancer.
Supported gold nanoparticles for aerobic, solventless oxidation of allylic alcohols (2007)

Abstract After giving some general considerations about the specific properties of nanoparticles below 20 nm, procedures for size stabilization, and the importance of developing green alcohol oxidation reactions, catalytic data are presented showing that gold nanoparticles (3-7 nm) supported on nanoparticulated ceria (4 nm) are far more chemoselective than related palladium catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of allylic alcohols. Using palladium catalysts, in addition to minor oxidation of the alcohol functional group, we have also observed polymerization, 1-2 hydrogen shift, and hydrogenation. In contrast, ceria-supported gold nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable chemoselectivity (in many cases, almost complete) to the alcohol oxidation.
A passivity-based framework for composing attacks on networked control systems (2012)

Networked control systems present an inviting target for adversaries seeking to attack physical infrastructure through cyber attacks alone. A diverse set of possible attacks, including node compromise, false data injection, malware propagation, and denial of service have been identified and studied in isolation. Currently, however, there is no framework for composing multiple attacks, mounted by one or more adversaries, and designing a system defense that guarantees stability and allows flexible performance. In this paper, we introduce a passivity framework for modeling and mitigating multiple, interdependent attacks on networked control systems. Under our framework, multiple adversaries are modeled as passive individual blocks, either in parallel or negative feedback interconnections depending on the interdependencies between the attacks, leading to an overall system that is passive and stabilizable. We present two case studies within this framework, namely joint node capture and malware propagation, as well as joint node capture and control channel jamming, and derive a stabilizing network response to the attacks. Our results are illustrated through a numerical study.
3D Thermoacoustic Properties of Single Can and Multi Can Combustor Configurations (2008)

Evaluation of thermoacoustic properties of gas turbine combustion systems during the design phase is crucial to meet time to market requirements for advanced new gas turbines. During the design phase the impact of design changes on engine performance need to be assessed although testing at full scale engine configuration is not possible. In this context a 3D thermoacoustic stability code has been developed providing thermoacoustic stability of combustion systems in rig and engine environments. The code has been applied to can combustion systems utilized by SIEMENS in the latest brand the SGT5-8000H which was successfully first fired in December 2007. While the flame stabilization within can combustors can be realized in single rig systems identical to engine configurations the acoustic environment of test rig and engine will differ due to the can-to-can interaction in multi-can systems. The features of the SIEMENS code are outlined and the successful application to single can and multi can configurations is demonstrated by comparison to experimental data. This provides SIEMENS with the prediction of thermoacoustic stability of respective engine configurations.
72 GHz millimeter wave indoor measurements for wireless and backhaul communications (2013)

As the mobile cellular carriers are currently facing a spectrum crunch, researchers are concentrating on higher carrier frequency bands, such as E-band (71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz) for the next generation wireless communication systems. The E-band is promising due to its large available, continuous bandwidth and robust weather resilience. In this paper, we demonstrate a spread spectrum sliding correlator channel sounder operating at a center frequency of 73.5 GHz with an 800 MHz null-to-null bandwidth. The channel sounder provides a multipath time resolution of 2.33 ns. 72 GHz millimeter wave propagation and penetration characteristics in an indoor office environment are investigated using the sliding correlator channel sounding system. Data collected and processed from the measurements shows that strong received power can be achieved from the multipath-rich indoor environment, in the presence of multiple obstructions. The data obtained from this measurement campaign may be utilized for the design of future fifth generation millimeter wave indoor cellular systems.
Supplementary Text from Exemestane's 17-hydroxylated metabolite exerts biological effects as an androgen (2023)

Supplementary Text from Exemestane's 17-hydroxylated metabolite exerts biological effects as an androgen
Novel Approach to Quantitative Detection of Specific rRNA in a Microbial Community, Using Catalytic DNA (2005)

We developed a novel method for the quantitative detection of the 16S rRNA of a specific bacterial species in the microbial community by using deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme), which possesses the catalytic function to cleave RNA in a sequence-specific manner. A mixture of heterogeneous 16S rRNA containing the target 16S rRNA was incubated with a species-specific DNAzyme. The cleaved target 16S rRNA was separated from the intact 16S rRNA by electrophoresis, and then their amounts were compared for the quantitative detection of target 16S rRNA. This method was used to determine the abundance of the 16S rRNA of a filamentous bacterium, Sphaerotilus natans, in activated sludge, which is a microbial mixture used in wastewater treatment systems. The result indicated that this DNAzyme-based approach would be applicable to actual microbial communities.
Nanocasted mesoporous nanocrystalline ZnO thin films (2009)

For the first time the formation of photoluminescent mesoporous ZnO thin films with high optical quality and low refractive index is reported. They have been thoroughly characterized via the use of a large set of modern characterisation techniques, GISAXS, HR-TEM, SEM-FEG, EEP and PL among them. These new materials gather the interesting photoluminescent properties of ZnO nanoparticle coatings with the high porosity and surface area of mesoporous network. Thin films were prepared via nanocasting using mesoporous SiO2 thin film as a template. The process involves impregnation of a ZnCl2 solution followed by thermally induced polycondensation and nanocrystallisation of ZnO and mild chemical removing of the silica mold. The resulting optically transparent 100 nm thick ZnO films are composed of 10 nm wurtzite photoluminescent nanoparticles, and exhibit low refractive index down to 1.19 (700 nm). Moreover due to a high accessible porosity (about 70%) the mesoporous ZnO films exhibit surface areas of 185 m2·cm−3, always interesting for catalytic photovoltaic and photonic properties. Indeed, high intensities of the UV and visible emission bands reveals a high amount of oxygen defects combined to small nanoparticles, which are well suited properties for applications as stimulated emitters, sensors, actuators, and lasing cavities. The presented strategy opens new avenues for the synthesis of complex mesoporous nanocrystalline metal oxides processed as optical thin films.
Isolation of a cluster esterase genes associated with organophosphate resistance in Lucilia cuprina (1996)

PCR primers designed from the alpha-esterase gene cluster of Drosophila melanogaster have been used to isolate fragments from eight esterase genes in the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that three are homologues of the alpha E7, alpha E8 and alpha E9 genes of the alpha-esterase cluster of D. melanogaster. A further three are also probably alpha-esterases, whereas the remaining two more closely resemble beta-esterases. Transcripts for five of the alpha-esterase genes were detected by PCR in adult midgut, consistent with a role for these enzymes in digestion and/or detoxification. Based on the tissue distribution of these transcripts, Lc alpha E7 may possibly encode the esterase, E3, which is involved in organophosphate resistance.
Innentitelbild: “Conformational” Solvatochromism: Spatial Discrimination of Nonpolar Solvents by Using a Supramolecular Box of a π‐Conjugated Zinc Bisporphyrin Rotamer (Angew. Chem. 28/2008) (2008)

Konformative SolvatochromieEin selbstorganisiertes chromophores Molekül zur Unterscheidung zwischen unpolaren Solventien stellen A. Tsuda, T. Aida et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 5231 ff. vor. Die Selbstorganisation eines Bis(zinkpyridylporphyrin)-Rotamers mit einer π-konjugierten Brücke liefert eine Mischung supramolekularer Kästen aus planaren und rechtwinkligen Konformeren mit unterschiedlichen Absorptionsspektren, deren Verhältnis sich je nach Solvens ändert und so zu einer solvatochromen Reaktion führt.