gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate-distance tradeoff and resource costs for all-optical quantum repeaters (2017)

We present a resource-performance tradeoff of an all-optical quantum repeater that uses photon sources, linear optics, photon detectors, and classical feedforward at each repeater node, but no quantum memories. We show that the quantum-secure key rate has the form R(eta) = D eta(s) bits per mode, where I) is the end-to-end channel's transmissivity, and the constants D and s are functions of various device inefficiencies and the resource constraint, such as the number of available photon sources at each repeater node. Even with lossy devices, we show that it is possible to attain s < 1, and in turn outperform the maximum key rate attainable without quantum repeaters, R-direct(eta) = log2(1-eta)approximate to(1/ln 2)eta bits per mode for eta << 1, beyond a certain total range L, where eta similar to e(-alpha L) in optical fiber. We also propose a suite of modifications to a recently proposed all-optical repeater protocol that ours builds upon, which lower the number of photon sources required to create photonic clusters at the repeaters so as to outperform R-direct(eta), from similar to 10(11) to similar to 10(6) photon sources per repeater node. We show that the optimum separation between repeater nodes is independent of the total range L and is around 1.5 km for assumptions we make on various device losses.
Probability distributions of the light intensity in a dye laser (1986)

With the help of a fast digitizer, the probability distribution of the light intensity of a single-mode dye laser has been measured photoelectrically, for various working points of the laser, from well-below to well-above threshold. In the region below threshold the laser exhibits short spiking and a double-peaked probability distribution with large value at zero intensity. A plot of most probable vs mean light intensity shows a discontinuity suggestive of a first-order phase transition. The experimental results are compared with Monte Carlo solutions of the equations of motion, with both additive spontaneous emission noise and multiplicative Ornstein-Uhlenbeck pump noise, and reasonable agreement is found.
On the mean effective gain expressed in terms of the spherical vector wave expansion of the electromagnetic field (2008)

The mode expansion o®ers a general framework for the analysis of the interaction between antennas andpropagation channels. In this paper, the Mean E®ective Gain (MEG) of an antenna is expressed in ...
Key Technologies for Ultra High Dose CMOS Applications (2008)

The trend towards shrinking advanced microelectronic Logic and DRAM devices will require ultra high dose implantation. One ultra high dose application in DRAM, being rapidly adopted in production is Dual Poly Gate (DPG). Three main challenges existed for the adoption of this high dose dual poly gate (DPG) doping applications: monitoring of high dose implantation, photoresist stripping and maintaining high throughput. In this paper we present how these challenges have been addressed. VSEA’s plasma doping (PLAD) tool offers several unique advantages for DPG applications. When compared to conventional or molecular beam line implanters or other immersion techniques, PLAD delivers 3 to 7 times higher throughput (compared to traditional ion implanter) without dopant penetration through the thin doped polysilicon layer into the gate oxide. It also improves P+ poly silicon DPG device properties at superior throughput. In this work we demonstrate how hot spray photoresist strip processing eliminates the need for multiple‐tools required for wet+ash+wet process. In addition to PLAD’s patented in‐situ dose control metrology we also demonstrate an ex‐situ high dose implantation metrology using spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE) and spectroscopic reflectometer (SR). The technique shows good correlation (R2∼0.99) between implant dose and damaged layer thickness.
Sedimentology, geochemistry and gas shale potential of the early Jurassic Nordegg member, northeastern British Columbia (2009)

The Early Jurassic Nordegg Member in north-eastern British Columbia (NEBC) is composed of 25-30 m of organic-rich marine strata. The unit was deposited in a restricted basinal environment, west of a high standing carbonate platform. The Nordegg Member consists of four lithological facies: (A) a basal conglomeratic lag deposit; (B) a lower phosphatic marlstone that was deposited during highly productive conditions; (C) an overlying marlstone which represents an anoxic phase of sedimentation; and (D) an upper phosphatic mudstone reflecting a productive water column. Geochemical analysis reveals depositional conditions where high productivity is associated with enrichments of P and Fe, K, Ti, V, Cr and Zn and total organic carbon values (TOC) between 0-8 wt%, likely due to upwelling currents introduced nutrient-rich water increasing algal productivity during relative sea-level rise. The marlstone contains higher TOC (6-20 wt'%) and reduced concentrations of P, Fe, K, Ti V, Cr and Zn. The elevated TOC's and lack of productivity-proxying elements (e.g. P) infers organic matter incorporation into the sediment was primarily controlled by redox conditions when basin conditions were persistently anoxic. The TOC concentrations are a reflection of the depositional environment and have a strong influence on potential gas capacity. The TOC-rich samples have improved adsorption capacities compared to their organic-lean counterparts due to the highly microporous nature of organic matter to which the gas molecules physically adsorb to. Nordegg adsorbed gas capacities range from 0.05 cc/g to over 2 cc/g in organic-rich zones. The relationship between TOC and adsorption is complicated by other geologic factors including moisture. Moisture competes for adsorption sites with methane and blocks pores and pore-throats, reducing the transmissibility of the methane to the microporosity of the organic matter. Twenty to eighty percent of total gas storage is free gas (gas occupying open pores), ranging from 0.1 - 1.3 cc/g. Nordegg total gas-in-place ranges from 1 - 24 BCF/section. The greatest potential for gas shale production is to the south-west of the study area (93-P-5). TOC concentrations (up to 20 wt%), thickness, maturity and fracture-potential improve the gas shale potential in this region making it a prime gas exploration target.
Heterogeneity of the 5' terminus of late mRNA induced by a viable simian virus 40 deletion mutant (1979)

d1-1811 is a viable simian virus 40 deletion mutant which lacks the DNA region corresponding to the major capping site of the late viral RNA. The exact size of the deletion (40 base pairs) was determined by comparison of the mutant DNA sequence with the wild-type simian virus 40 (strain 776) DNA sequence. Although d1-1811 forms somewhat smaller plaques, the amount of viral RNA late after infection was not significantly reduced compared with that of the wild type. Virus-specific, polyadenylate-containing, 32P-labeled late RNA was purified from the cytoplasm and enzymatically degraded to characterize the 5' terminus. The cap-containing oligonucleotides were isolated, and their structures were analyzed by further digestion. Instead of a single cap structure, we found a variety of capped 5' termini, with adenosine caps occurring much more frequently than guanosine caps. Nevertheless, there was a remarkable homology between both types of terminal sequences. Conceivably, the minor cap population present in wild-type simian virus 40 late mRNA may correspond to the collection of capped termini identified in the d1-1811 late mRNA . Cellular cytoplasmic RNA shows a similar pattern of cap structures, but the relative abundance is quite different.
Preclinical target validation for non-addictive therapeutics development for pain (2022)

The result was a roadmap for pain target validation focusing on three modalities: 1) human evidence; 2) assay development <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i>; 3) assay development <i>in</i> <i>vivo</i>.
Mixed-resolution distributed video codec without motion estimation at the encoder (2010)

Inspired by recent results showing that Wyner-Ziv coding using a combination of source and channel coding may be more efficient than pure channel coding, we have applied coset codes for the source coding part in the transform domain for Wyner-Ziv coding of video. The framework is a mixed-resolution approach where reduced encoding complexity is achieved by low resolution encoding of non-reference frames and regular encoding of the reference frames. Different from our previous works, no motion estimation is carried at the encoder, neither for the low resolution frames nor the reference frames. The entropy coders of the H.264/AVC codec were tuned to improve their performance for encoding the cosets. An encoding mode with lowest encoding complexity than H.264/AVC intra mode is achieved. Experimental results show a competitive rate-distortion performance especially at low bit rates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylic C—H Insertion of 2‐Substituted N‐Iminopyridinium Ylides. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SSD – Software for Systems with Delays: Reproducible Examples and Benchmarks on Model Reduction and H2 Norm Computation (2022)

We present SSD – Software for Systems with Delays, a de novo MATLAB package for the analysis and model reduction of retarded time delay systems (RTDS). Underneath, our delay system object bridges RTDS representation and Linear Fractional Transformation (LFT) representation of MATLAB. This allows seamless use of many available visualizations of MATLAB. In addition, we implemented a set of key functionalities such as H2 norm and system gramian computations, balanced realization and reduction by direct integral definitions and utilizing sparse computation. As a theoretical contribution, we extend the frequency-limited balanced reduction to delay systems first time, propose a computational algorithm and give its implementation. We collected two sets of benchmark problems on H2 norm computation and model reduction. SSD is publicly available in GitHub∗. Our reproducible paper and two benchmark collections are shared as executable notebooks. ∗https://github.com/gumussoysuat/ssd
Supplementary Table 1 from A Cryptic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor T-Cell Epitope: Identification and Characterization by Mass Spectrometry and T-Cell Assays (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from A Cryptic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor T-Cell Epitope: Identification and Characterization by Mass Spectrometry and T-Cell Assays
Long‐Lived States of Magnetically Equivalent Spins Populated by Dissolution‐DNP and Revealed by Enzymatic Reactions (2014)

Hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) offers a way of enhancing NMR signals by up to five orders of magnitude in metabolites and other small molecules. Nevertheless, the lifetime of hyperpolarization is inexorably limited, as it decays toward thermal equilibrium with the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time. This lifetime can be extended by storing the hyperpolarization in the form of long-lived states (LLS) that are immune to most dominant relaxation mechanisms. Levitt and co-workers have shown how LLS can be prepared for a pair of inequivalent spins by D-DNP. Here, we demonstrate that this approach can also be applied to magnetically equivalent pairs of spins such as the two protons of fumarate, which can have very long LLS lifetimes. As in the case of para-hydrogen, these hyperpolarized equivalent LLS (HELLS) are not magnetically active. However, a chemical reaction such as the enzymatic conversion of fumarate into malate can break the magnetic equivalence and reveal intense NMR signals.
High-efficiency watt-level MASMOS® power amplifier for LTE applications (2017)

This paper reports for the first time a power amplifier (PA) based on the recently proposed MASMOS® transistor. This PA complies with the long-term evolution (LTE) power level requirements while offering a high efficiency. The MASMOS® transistor, available in low-cost 180-nm standard CMOS process, provides a higher breakdown voltage compared to conventional CMOS transistors. Therefore, the MASMOS® transistor is of high interest as it is able to generate a Watt-level output power with high efficiency in the highest LTE-bands. A reconfigurable power cell, implementing resizable MASMOS® transistors and offering a discrete control of both the output power and the dc consumption is introduced. Based on this reconfigurable cell, a two-stage PA is designed. This PA exhibits a measured 30.2 dBm output power at 2.5 GHz with a gain and power-added efficiency (PAE) of 21.8 dB and 54% respectively.
Oxidized Metabolites of 20-Hydroxyecdysone and Their Activity on Skeletal Muscle Cells: Preparation of a Pair of Desmotropes with Opposite Bioactivities (2015)

Increasing the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) has been suggested as a key signaling step in the nonhormonal anabolic activity of the phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in mammals. Base-catalyzed autoxidation of this compound was shown previously to yield interesting B-ring-modified analogues. Herein is reported a thorough study on this reaction, resulting in the preparation and complete NMR spectroscopic assignments of calonysterone (5) and its previously overlooked desmotropic pair (7), along with two new sensitive metabolites of 20E. The two isomers showed considerable stability in solution. Time dependency of the reaction for yield optimization is also presented; by means of analytical HPLC, the two desmotropes can reach a maximum combined yield of >90%. The activity of these compounds on Akt phosphorylation was tested in murine skeletal muscle cells. Compounds 2 and 5 showed more potent activity than 20E in increasing Akt activation, while compound 7 exerted an opposite effect. As such, the present study provides the first direct evidence for a pair of desmotropes exerting significantly different bioactivities.
Discovery of ((S)-5-(Methoxymethyl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)((S)-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone As a Potent and Selective IKur Inhibitor (2012)

Previously disclosed dihydropyrazolopyrimidines are potent and selective blockers of I(Kur) current. A potential liability with this chemotype is the formation of a reactive metabolite which demonstrated covalent binding to protein in vitro. When substituted at the 2 or 3 position, this template yielded potent I(Kur) inhibitors, with selectivity over hERG which did not form reactive metabolites. Subsequent optimization for potency and PK properties lead to the discovery of ((S)-5-(methoxymethyl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)((S)-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (13j), with an acceptable PK profile in preclinical species and potent efficacy in the preclinical rabbit atrial effective refractory period (AERP) model.
Galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides and potential longevity of primed seeds (2001)

Abstract Correlative evidence indicates that sucrose and α-galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides (raffinose family oligosaccharides; RFOs) may be involved in seed longevity. Priming treatments (hydration in water or osmotic solutions followed by drying) can improve short-term seed performance but often result in reduced seed longevity. As RFOs are metabolized quickly following seed imbibition, loss of RFOs during priming could lead to more rapid deterioration in dry storage. This hypothesis was tested by measuring sucrose and oligosaccharide contents and potential longevity of primed seeds. Raffinose contents of whole lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) seeds declined during hydration and priming and were correlated with decreased median potential viability ( p 50 ). However, this relationship was less significant when only the embryonic axes were analysed. In tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and impatiens ( Impatiens balsamina L.) seeds, planteose was the major galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharide and only small quantities of RFOs were present. Planteose contents declined during priming in seeds of both species, while sucrose contents increased or remained constant. Post-priming treatments that restored longevity in primed impatiens and tomato seeds were not accompanied by consistent changes in RFO or planteose contents. Our data do not rule out a role for oligosaccharides in seed longevity, but they make it unlikely that changes in oligosaccharide contents alone are responsible for the reduction in longevity due to priming or its restoration by post-priming treatments.
Search for t t ¯ $$ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}} $$ resonances in highly boosted lepton+jets and fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2017)

A search for the production of heavy resonances decaying into top quarkantiquark pairs is presented. The analysis is performed in the lepton+jets and fully hadronic channels using data collected in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV using the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.6 fb -1 . The selection is optimized for massive resonances, where the top quarks have large Lorentz boosts. No evidence for resonant t t production is found in the data, and upper limits on the production cross section of heavy resonances are set. The exclusion limits for resonances with masses above 2 TeV are significantly improved compared to those of previous analyses at s = 8 TeV.
Fin formation using graphoepitaxy DSA for FinFET device fabrication (2015)

A 27nm-pitch Graphoepitaxy directed self-assembly (DSA) process targeting fin formation for FinFET device fabrication is studied in a 300mm pilot line environment. The re-designed guiding pattern of graphoepitaxy DSA process determines not only the fine DSA structures but also the fin customization in parallel direction. Consequently, the critical issue of placement error is now resolved with the potential of reduction in lithography steps. However, challenges in subsequent pattern transfer are observed due to insufficient etch budget. The cause of the issues and process optimization are illustrated. Finally, silicon fins with 100nm depth in substrate with pre-determined customization is demonstrated.
Machine Learning Inspired Hybrid Precoding for Wideband Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems (2019)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has already been considered as a promising solution to meet the requirement of the higher data rate for the future Internet of Things (IoTs). Hybrid precoding is an effective solution for the mmWave massive MIMO systems to significantly decrease the number of radio frequency (RF) chains without an apparent sum-rate loss. However, the current literature on hybrid precoding considers either the high-resolution (HR) phase shifters (PSs) with high power consumption or the impractical narrowband mmWave channel model. To this end, in this paper, we investigate an energy-efficient hybrid precoding scheme using one-bit PSs for practical frequency-selective wideband mmWave massive MIMO systems. Specifically, we provide the energy consumption analysis to reveal the fact that the energy consumed by the one-bit PSs is much lower than that by the HR-PSs, and the array gain loss incurred by using one-bit PSs is minimal. Moreover, motivated by the cross-entropy optimization (CEO) algorithm evolved for machine learning, we propose the CEO-based hybrid precoding scheme to maximize the achievable sum-rate of the considered system. In the CEO-based hybrid precoding, we update the probability distributions of the elements in the hybrid precoder to minimize the cross-entropy between the two probability distributions so that we can generate the final solution close to the optimal one. Furthermore, we extend the proposed CEO-based hybrid precoding scheme from the case with one-bit PSs to the general case with HR-PSs to show that our solution can also be applied in other scenarios. The performance evaluation demonstrates that our proposed scheme can obtain near-optimal sum-rate and considerably higher energy efficiency than some existing solutions.
Red shape, blue shape: political ideology influences the social perception of body shape (2021)

Abstract Political elections have a profound impact on individuals and societies. Optimal voting is thought to be based on informed and deliberate decisions yet, it has been demonstrated that the outcomes of political elections are biased by the perception of candidates’ facial features and the stereotypical traits voters attribute to these. Interestingly, political identification changes the attribution of stereotypical traits from facial features. This study explores whether the perception of body shape elicits similar effects on political trait attribution and whether these associations can be visualized. In Experiment 1, ratings of 3D body shapes were used to model the relationship between perception of 3D body shape and the attribution of political traits such as ‘Republican’, ‘Democrat’, or ‘Leader’. This allowed analyzing and visualizing the mental representations of stereotypical 3D body shapes associated with each political trait. Experiment 2 was designed to test whether political identification of the raters affected the attribution of political traits to different types of body shapes. The results show that humans attribute political traits to the same body shapes differently depending on their own political preference. These findings show that our judgments of others are influenced by their body shape and our own political views. Such judgments have potential political and societal implications.
Opal Actigraphy (Activity and Sleep) Measures Compared to ActiGraph: A Validation Study (2023)

Physical activity and sleep monitoring in daily life provide vital information to track health status and physical fitness. The aim of this study was to establish concurrent validity for the new Opal Actigraphy solution in relation to the widely used ActiGraph GT9X for measuring physical activity from accelerometry epic counts (sedentary to vigorous levels) and sleep periods in daily life. Twenty participants (age 56 + 22 years) wore two wearable devices on each wrist for 7 days and nights, recording 3-D accelerations at 30 Hz. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) assessed validity (agreement) and test-retest reliability between ActiGraph and Opal Actigraphy sleep durations and activity levels, as well as between the two different versions of the ActiGraph. ICCs showed excellent reliability for physical activity measures and moderate-to-excellent reliability for sleep measures between Opal versus Actigraph GT9X and between GT3X versus GT9X. Bland-Altman plots and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) also show a comparable performance (within 10%) between Opal and ActiGraph and between the two ActiGraph monitors across activity and sleep measures. In conclusion, physical activity and sleep measures using Opal Actigraphy demonstrate performance comparable to that of ActiGraph, supporting concurrent validation. Opal Actigraphy can be used to quantify activity and monitor sleep patterns in research and clinical studies.