gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization microscopy by use of digital holography: application to optical-fiber birefringence measurements (2005)

We present a digital holographic microscope that permits one to image polarization state. This technique results from the coupling of digital holographic microscopy and polarization digital holography. The interference between two orthogonally polarized reference waves and the wave transmitted by a microscopic sample, magnified by a microscope objective, is recorded on a CCD camera. The off-axis geometry permits one to reconstruct separately from this single hologram two wavefronts that are used to image the object-wave Jones vector. We applied this technique to image the birefringence of a bent fiber. To evaluate the precision of the phase-difference measurement, the birefringence induced by internal stress in an optical fiber is measured and compared to the birefringence profile captured by a standard method, which had been developed to obtain high-resolution birefringence profiles of optical fibers.
Artificial magnetism at terahertz frequencies in 3D arrays of TiO<inf>2</inf> microspheres including spatial dispersion and magnetoelectric coupling (2013)

In this work, we study the electromagnetic properties of a metamaterial made by a cubic array of TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> microspheres embedded in a host medium at terahertz frequencies. By employing the method reported in [1] by Silveirinha, we are able to consider in the computation the effect of magnetoelectric coupling between TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> microspheres, as well as spatial dispersion. After calculation of the dominant mode inside the structure, we show that the effect of spatial dispersion on the effective parameters for this kind of systems is relatively weak. Accuracy of the results and effectiveness of homogenized parameters have been demonstrated by comparison against full-wave simulations for a 5-layer slab of such a metamaterial.
Multi‐biomarker panel prediction model for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (2021)

This study demonstrates a significant diagnostic performance of the multi-marker panel in distinguishing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from normal and benign pancreatic disease states, as well as patients with other cancers.
An all feedforward synchronization unit for digital radio (2002)

The complete structure of a fully digital all feed forward synchronization unit is presented, establishing clock and carrier synchronization. Although the basic synchronization concept is able to operate solely on random data, a structure is presented which is tailored to spontaneous packet transmission and time division multiple access (TDMA) applications, where additional frame synchronization has to be performed. It is shown that frame and frequency synchronization can be efficiently combined. The key features of the scheme, which are presented in terms of estimation error variances and bit error rate (BER), ensure high speed synchronization with negligible decoder performance degradation.
Electronic transport in polycrystalline Pbl2 films (1999)

Electronic transport and optical measurements in polycrystalline Pbl2 are reported as part of a study to evaluate the material for large area x-ray imaging applications. The films are deposited by vacuum evaporation with thickness 20–100 μm and have grain sizes of up to 10 μm. The room temperature hole drift mobility measured by time-of-flight is 2×10−2–1.5×10−1 cm2/V s, depending on the specific sample, with an activation energy of 0.25 eV. Hole charge collection measurement gives about 10−6 cm2/V for the mobility–lifetime product. Details of the electron transport were not determined in this study because the mobility is too small. The hole transport is discussed in terms of a trapping model with either a discrete level above the valence band or a disorder-induced band tail. Optical absorption, photoconductivity, and Hall effect measurements are also reported.
Present Status of the Development of the Yb Optical Lattice Clock at NMIJ/AIST (2007)

The present status of the development of the Yb optical lattice clock at NMIJ and future prospects are presented.
TC-PTP is required for the maintenance of MYC-driven B-cell lymphomas (2009)

Abstract We sought to determine the contributions of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) to the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas. We found that T-cell PTP (TC-PTP) was overexpressed in transformed B cells. We hypothesized that TC-PTP may be a tumor-promoting gene that is regulated by MYC overexpression in B cells. Knockdown of TC-PTP in murine tumors resulted in decreased cell viability in vitro because of an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, cells with reduced TC-PTP expression were unable to either engraft or expand in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that TC-PTP is required for B-cell tumor maintenance. Our data also suggested a correlation between TC-PTP expression and MYC overexpression. To investigate this further, we used malignant murine B cells that contain a doxycycline-repressible MYC transgene. We found that repression of MYC overexpression with doxycycline reduced TC-PTP expression. Moreover, enforced expression of TC-PTP showed partial rescue of the expansion of tumor cells after suppression of MYC overexpression. These results suggest that MYC overexpression induces TC-PTP overexpression, which in turn promotes tumor proliferation, implicating TC-PTP as an important effector of the MYC-driven proliferation program in B-cell lymphomas. Thus, TC-PTP may be a suitable molecular target for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.
The SH3 Domain-binding T Cell Tyrosyl Phosphoprotein p120 (1995)

Previously, we have identified p120 as a Fyn/Lck SH3 and SH2 domain-binding protein that is tyrosine phosphorylated rapidly after T cell receptor triggering. Here, we used direct protein purification, amino acid sequence analysis, reactivity with antibodies, and two-dimensional gel analyses to identify p120 as the human c-cbl protooncogene product. We demonstrate in vivo complexes of p120cbl with Fyn tyrosine kinase, the adaptor protein Grb2, and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. The association of p120cbl with Fyn and the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase (together with PI 3-kinase activity) was markedly increased by T cell activation, consistent with in vitro binding of p120cbl to their SH2 as well as SH3 domains. In contrast, a large fraction of p120cbl was associated with Grb2 prior to activation, and this association did not change upon T cell activation. In vitro, p120cbl interacted with Grb2 exclusively through its SH3 domains. These results demonstrate a novel Grb2-p120cbl signaling complex in T cells, distinct from the previously analyzed Grb2-Sos complex. The association of p120cbl with ubiquitous signaling proteins strongly suggests a general signal transducing function for this enigmatic protooncogene with established leukemogenic potential but unknown physiological function.
Isovaleryl-homoserine lactone, an unusual branched-chain quorum-sensing signal from the soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum (2011)

Many species of Proteobacteria communicate by using LuxI-LuxR-type quorum-sensing systems that produce and detect acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) signals. Most of the known signals are straight-chain fatty acyl-HSLs, and evidence indicates that LuxI homologs prefer fatty acid-acyl carrier protein (ACP) over fatty acyl-CoA as the acyl substrate for signal synthesis. Two related LuxI homologs, RpaI and BtaI from Rhodopseudomonas palustris and photosynthetic stem-nodulating bradyrhizobia, direct production of the aryl-HSLs p-coumaroyl-HSL and cinnamoyl-HSL, respectively. Here we report that BjaI from the soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 is closely related to RpaI and BtaI and catalyzes the synthesis of isovaleryl-HSL (IV-HSL), a branched-chain fatty acyl-HSL. We show that IV-HSL induces expression of bjaI, and in this way IV-HSL functions like many other acyl-HSL quorum-sensing signals. Purified histidine-tagged BjaI was an IV-HSL synthase, which was active with isovaleryl-CoA but not detectably so with isovaleryl-ACP. This suggests that the RpaI-BtaI-BjaI subfamily of acyl-HSL synthases may use CoA- rather than ACP-linked substrates for acyl-HSL synthesis. The bjaI-linked bjaR(1) gene is involved in the response to IV-HSL, and BjaR(1) is sensitive to IV-HSL at concentrations as low as 10 pM. Low but sufficient levels of IV-HSL (about 5 nM) accumulate in B. japonicum culture fluid. The low levels of IV-HSL synthesis have likely contributed to the fact that the quorum-sensing signal from this bacterium has not been described elsewhere.
Characterization of a n+3C/n−4H SiC heterojunction diode (2016)

We report on the fabrication of n + 3C/n-4H SiC heterojunction diodes (HJDs) potentially promising the ultimate thermal stability of the junction. The diodes were systematically analyzed by TEM, X-ray diffraction, AFM, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, indicating the formation of epitaxial 3C-SiC crystal on top of 4H-SiC substrate with continuous interface, low surface roughness, and up to ∼7 × 1017 cm−3 dopant impurity concentration. The conduction band off-set is about 1 V as extracted from CV measurements, while the valence bands of both SiC polytypes are aligned. The HJDs feature opening voltage of 1.65 V, consistent with the barrier height of about 1.5 eV extracted from CV measurement. We finally compare the electrical results of the n + 3C/n-4H SiC heterojunction diodes with those featuring Si and Ge doped anodes in order to evaluate current challenges involved in the fabrication of such devices.
Electrochemical reduction of an Ag2VO2PO4particle: dramatic increase of local electronic conductivity (2015)

Previously, we reported that electrodes containing silver vanadium phosphate (Ag2VO2PO4) powder exhibit a 15,000 fold increase in conductivity after discharge, concurrent with the formation of silver metal. In this study, in order to disentangle the complex nature of electrodes composed of electroactive powders, an electrochemical reduction of individual particles of Ag2VO2PO4 was conducted, to more directly probe the intrinsic materials properties of Ag2VO2PO4. Specifically, individual particle conductivity data from a nanoprobe system combined with SEM and optical imaging results revealed that the depth of discharge within an Ag2VO2PO4 particle is closely linked to the conductivity increase. Notably, the formation of silver metal may affect both inter- and intraparticle conductivity of the Ag2VO2PO4 material.
Improving the Performance of Graphite/ LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Cells at High Voltage and Elevated Temperature with Added Lithium Bis(oxalato) Borate (LiBOB) (2013)

The performance of the graphite/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O 4 cells cycled to 4.8 V (vs Li/Li+) with 1.0MLiPF6 in EC/EMC (3/7, v/v) with and without added LiBOB (1.5 and 2.5% (wt)) at 25 and 55?C has been investigated. The initial discharge capacity of the cells with added LiBOB is slightly lower than the cells without added LiBOB. However, after 30 cycles at 55?C, the cells with standard electrolyte suffer poor capacity retention (20%). The cells with 1.5% or 2.5% LiBOB have good cycling stability at 55?C with 63 and 69% capacity retention, respectively, after 30 cycles. The cells containing added LiBOB also have better coulombic efficiency and lower impedance after cycling at 55?C. Ex-situ surface analysis of both the anode and the cathode extracted from graphite/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cells was conducted via a combination of XPS, SEM, TEM with EDX, and ICP-MS. The improved cycling performance with added LiBOB can be attributed to the inhibition of electrolyte decomposition at the electrode surfaces and inhibition of Mn and Ni dissolution from the cathode and deposition on the anode upon cycling at high voltage and elevated temperature. © 2013 The Electrochemical Society.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Antitumor Activity of the Glutaminase Inhibitor CB-839 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 189K, Supplementary Figure S2. CB-839 has potent anti-proliferative activity in TNBC cells that is associated with selective impairment of glutamine utilization.&lt;/p&gt;
An Improved Face Recognition Algorithm Using Quantized DCT Coefficients (2011)

In this paper, we propose an improved face recognition algorithm using quantized Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients for facial image recognition. For adding spatial information of the face to improve recognition performance, a region-division (RD) method is utilized. The facial area is firstly divided into 5 regions relating to the facial parts (forehead, eye, nose, mouth, jaw). Then feature vectors of each facial part are generated by using DCT coefficients in low frequency domains. Code vector referred count histogram, which is utilized as a very effective personal feature value, is obtained by Vector Quantization (VQ) processing. Recognition results with different parts are first obtained separately and then fused by weighted averaging. Experimental results show face recognition using proposed feature vector is very efficient.
HLA Class I-Restricted T-Cell Responses May Contribute to the Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, but Such Responses Are Not Always Necessary for Long-Term Virus Control (2008)

A rare subset of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals maintains undetectable HIV RNA levels without therapy ("elite controllers"). To clarify the role of T-cell responses in mediating virus control, we compared HLA class I polymorphisms and HIV-specific T-cell responses among a large cohort of elite controllers (HIV-RNA < 75 copies/ml), "viremic" controllers (low-level viremia without therapy), "noncontrollers" (high-level viremia), and "antiretroviral therapy suppressed" individuals (undetectable HIV-RNA levels on antiretroviral therapy). The proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to Gag and Pol peptides was highest in the elite and viremic controllers (P < 0.0001). Forty percent of the elite controllers were HLA-B*57 compared to twenty-three percent of viremic controllers and nine percent of noncontrollers (P < 0.001). Other HLA class I alleles more common in elite controllers included HLA-B*13, HLA-B*58, and HLA-B*81 (P < 0.05 for each). Within elite and viremic controller groups, those with protective class I alleles had higher frequencies of Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells than those without these alleles (P = 0.01). Noncontrollers, with or without protective alleles, had low-level CD8(+) responses. Thus, certain HLA class I alleles are enriched in HIV controllers and are associated with strong Gag-specific CD8(+)IFN-gamma(+)IL-2(+) T cells. However, the absence of evidence of T cell-mediated control in many controllers suggests the presence of alternative mechanisms for viral control in these individuals. Defining mechanisms for virus control in "non-T-cell controllers" might lead to insights into preventing HIV transmission or preventing virus replication.
Metabolite identification of a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor, HM781‐36B, and a pharmacokinetic study by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2013)

The LC/ESI-ion trap MS(n) technique was effective in obtaining structural information and yielded diagnostic ions for the identification of diverse metabolites. The multiple metabolic pathways of HM781-36B were suggested in in vitro and in vivo samples and the dihydroxylation (M1) and demethylation (M2) appeared to be the major metabolites.
Optimal CMS System on TDA3 Processor (2021)

Replacing the traditional automobile side and in-cabin mirrors with a camera mirror system (CMS) poses unique system challenges on latency, imaging, functional safety and LED flicker. This paper introduces various CMS configurations and describes an optimal solution using TI's TDA3 automotive system-on-chip (SOC). The paper proposes an efficient method for LED flicker mitigation, HDR image handling, aspherical emulation for the lens and end-to-end safety concept. The resulting solution is demonstrated to achieve 1 MP @60fps with <; 100ms camera to display latency using only 35% loading of overall TDA3 SOC.
Gate Dielectrics (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Impact of Gate Dielectrics on the Electrical Functionality of Organic TFTs Insulating Materials – An Overview Inorganic Gate Dielectrics Polymer Gate Dielectrics Self-Assembled Monolayer Gate Dielectrics Multi-layer and Multi-component Gate Dielectrics Multifunctional Dielectrics Application-related Aspects of Dielectrics Poly-4-vinylphenol Dielectrics The Self-assembled Monolayer Approach References
Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Cancer Imaging Agents (2018)

Approximately 1.7 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed this year in the United States leading to 600 000 deaths. Patient survival rates are highly correlated with the stage of cancer diagnosis, with localized and regional remission rates that are much higher than for metastatic cancer. The current standard of care for many solid tumors includes imaging and biopsy with histological assessment. In many cases, after tomographical imaging modalities have identified abnormal morphology consistent with cancer, surgery is performed to remove the primary tumor and evaluate the surrounding lymph nodes. Accurate identification of tumor margins and staging are critical for selecting optimal treatments to minimize recurrence. Visible, fluorescent, and radiolabeled small molecules have been used as contrast agents to improve detection during real-time intraoperative imaging. Unfortunately, current dyes lack the tissue specificity, stability, and signal penetration needed for optimal performance. Quantum dots (QDs) represent an exciting class of fluorescent probes for optical imaging with tunable optical properties, high stability, and the ability to target tumors or lymph nodes based on surface functionalization. Here, state-of-the-art biocompatible QDs are compared with current Food and Drug Administration approved fluorophores used in cancer imaging and a perspective on the pathway to clinical translation is provided.
Magnetic resonance elastography of liver: Technique, analysis, and clinical applications (2013)

Abstract Many pathological processes cause marked changes in the mechanical properties of tissue. MR elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive MRI based technique for quantitatively assessing the mechanical properties of tissues in vivo. MRE is performed by using a vibration source to generate low frequency mechanical waves in tissue, imaging the propagating waves using a phase contrast MRI technique, and then processing the wave information to generate quantitative images showing mechanical properties such as tissue stiffness. Since its first description in 1995, published studies have explored many potential clinical applications including brain, thyroid, lung, heart, breast, and skeletal muscle imaging. However, the best‐documented application to emerge has been the use of MRE to assess liver disease. Multiple studies have demonstrated that there is a strong correlation between MRE‐measured hepatic stiffness and the stage of fibrosis at histology. The emerging literature indicates that MRE can serve as a safer, less expensive, and potentially more accurate alternative to invasive liver biopsy which is currently the gold standard for diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis. This review describes the basic principles, technique of performing a liver MRE, analysis and calculation of stiffness, clinical applications, limitations, and potential future applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on dual-task cognitive and motor performance in isolated dystonia (2014)

This study suggests the effect of STN DBS on working memory and attention may be much less consequential in patients with dystonia than has been reported in PD.
Effect of Long Chains on the Threshold Stresses for Flow-Induced Crystallization in iPP: Shish Kebabs vs Sausages (2012)

The addition of small concentrations (2 wt % or less) of ultrahigh molecular weight isotactic polypropylene (ML ∼ 3500 kg/mol) to a matrix of lower molecular weight chains (MS ∼ 186 kg/mol, e.g. ML/MS ∼ 20) substantially decreases the critical stress for inducing a highly oriented skin under flow-induced crystallization conditions—significantly more than for blends of ML/MS ∼ 5 (Seki et al.)—and promotes the formation of point precursors and oriented “sausage-like” structures not observed for ML/MS ∼ 5. These differences correlate with the onset of long chain stretching during shear: the ratio of long chains’ Rouse time to short chains’ disengagement time indicates that 3500 kg/mol chains can easily stretch if tethered onto a point nuclei and even when untethered. Adding 3500 kg/mol chains has strong effects that saturate beyond the overlap concentration, suggesting that an uninterrupted supply of long chains greatly accelerates formation of threads. A conceptual model is proposed that distinguishes between a critical stress for shish initiation and that for propagation.
Discovery, development, and functionalization of Zr(iv)-based metal–organic frameworks (2011)

This highlight focuses on the discovery and functionalization of Zr(IV)-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These relatively stable materials have been investigated for a variety of applications including catalysis, photochemical reactions, and molecular separations. The synthesis and modification of these frameworks are discussed along with their unique properties and potential technological utility.
Proteomic analysis identifies new biomarkers for postmenopausal and dry skin (2011)

A proteomic analysis of stratum corneum (SC) samples of normal healthy skin revealed the presence of more than 70 proteins by 2D electrophoresis. The majority of these proteins to our knowledge have not yet been described in normal SC. We analysed by Western blot the levels of 25 proteins in the SC taken from postmenopausal and dry skin compared with young and normal skin, respectively. In postmenopausal skin, there was a significantly increased amount of heat shock protein 27, plakoglobin and desmoglein 1, whereas transglutaminase 3, apolipoprotein D and acid ceramidase levels were significantly reduced compared with the SC of young skin. We confirmed corneodesmosin as a marker of dry skin. In addition, we showed for the first time that the levels of both phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 and annexin A2 were significantly increased in the SC of dry skin compared with the SC of normal skin. These results suggest that a proteomic analysis of the SC obtained using a non-invasive varnish stripping method is an attractive alternative to invasive methods to better characterize changes in the physiology of ageing and dry skin.