gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Total Synthesis of (±)-Ginkgolide B (2000)

The total synthesis of the potent PAF antagonist ginkgolide B has been accomplished. The complex architecture of ginkgolide B which includes six rings, eleven stereogenic centers, ten oxygenated carbons, and four contiguous fully substituted carbons is a daunting challenge for chemical synthesis. The synthesis of ginkgolide B was accomplished through a stereoselective intramolecular photocycloaddition of enone 5 to construct the congested core of the molecule. The photocycloaddition substrate was prepared through technology for the construction of carboalkoxycyclopentenones previously reported from these laboratories. Regioselective cyclobutane fragmentation and further functionalization of the photoadduct 4 provided the key pentacyclic intermediate. Acid-catalyzed rearrangement and epoxide opening were key transformations in the production of ginkgolide B from the pentacyclic intermediate.
Numerical Simulation of Droplet Oblique Impact on Liquid Film with Moving Particle Semi-Implicit Method (2010)

The moving particle semi-implicit(MPS)method was adopted to simulate the process of droplet impact on liquid film with an angle in three dimensions for solving the large deformation of the free surface.The droplet deformation,impact crater,central jet,and their development were observed.The influences of different impact angles on the height,angle and the foreland movement of the central jet were analyzed.The results show that the speed of movement is almost constant at the highest point of the central jet in horizontal direction.The angle between the jet and the plane surface decreases with the decrease in the impact angle,and it decreases dramatically after the central jet reaches the highest point by gravity and viscosity.
Bisphosphonate binding affinity as assessed by inhibition of carbonated apatite dissolutionin vitro (2007)

Bisphosphonates (BPs), which display a high affinity for calcium phosphate surfaces, are able to selectively target bone mineral, where they are potent inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The dissolution of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been used previously as a model for BP effects on natural bone mineral. The present work examines the influence of BPs on carbonated apatite (CAP), which mimics natural bone more closely than does HAP. Constant composition dissolution experiments were performed at pH 5.50, physiological ionic strength (0.15M) and temperature (37 degrees C). Selected BPs were added at (0.5 x 10(-6)) to (50.0 x 10(-6))M, and adsorption affinity constants, K(L), were calculated from the kinetics data. The BPs showed concentration-dependent inhibition of CAP dissolution, with significant differences in rank order zoledronate > alendronate > risedronate. In contrast, for HAP dissolution at pH 5.50, the differences between the individual BPs were considerably smaller. The extent of CAP dissolution was also dependent on the relative undersaturation, sigma, and CAP dissolution rates increased with increasing carbonate content. These results demonstrate the importance of the presence of carbonate in mediating the dissolution of CAP, and the possible involvement of bone mineral carbonate in observed differences in bone affinities of BPs in clinical use.
Unravelling the Improved Electronic and Structural Properties of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Deposited from Acetonitrile (2018)

Perovskite-based photovoltaics are an emerging solar technology with lab scale device efficiencies of over 22 %, and significant steps are being made toward their commercialization. Conventionally high efficiency perovskite solar cells are formed from high boiling point, polar aprotic solvent solutions. Methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) films can be made from a range of solvents and blends; however, the role the solvent system plays in determining the properties of the resulting perovskite films is poorly understood. Acetonitrile (ACN), in the presence of methylamine (MA), is a viable nontoxic solvent for fabrication of CH3NH3PbI3 photovoltaic devices with efficiencies >18 %. Herein we examine films prepared from ACN/MA and dimethylformamide (DMF) and scrutinize their physical and electronic properties using spectroscopy, scanning probe imaging, and ion scattering. Significant differences are observed in the chemistry and electronic structure of CH3NH3PbI3 films made with each solvent, ACN/MA produces films with superior properties resulting in more efficient photovoltaic devices. Here we present a holistic and complete understanding of a high performance perovskite material from an electronic, physical, and structural perspective and establish a robust toolkit with which to understand and optimize photovoltaic perovskites.
A Facile, One-Pot Procedure for the Preparation of 2-Phenyl-1,3-propanediol Monocarbamate, a Metabolite of Felbamate (2000)

A simple, one-pot procedure for the preparation of 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol monocarbamate (MCF) has been developed. This procedure represents the most efficient method for preparing MCF published to date, and it is amenable to the large-scale laboratory production of this biologically relevant metabolite of felbamate.
A novel syndrome of paediatric cataract, dysmorphism, ectodermal features, and developmental delay in Australian Aboriginal family maps to 1p35.3-p36.32 (2010)

The gene for this syndrome is located in a 25.6 Mb region on 1p35.3-p36.32. The known cataract gene in this region (EPHA2) does not harbour mutations in this family, suggesting that at least one additional gene for cataract is present in this region.
Radiosynthesis and evaluation of [11C]BTA-1 and [11C]3'-Me-BTA-1 as potential radiotracers for in vivo imaging of-amyloid plaques (2007)

The ability to label Abeta plaques in vivo in human subjects supports the suitability of [(11)C]BTA-1 as a plaque imaging agent.
A Search for Gene Fusions/Translocations in Breast Cancer (2009)

Abstract : We have undertaken a systematic evaluation of breast cancer to map disease-specific, recurrent chromosomal or transcriptional chimeras in breast cancer towards development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Analysis of in-house and publicly available gene expression and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data lead to the discovery that a subset of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers overexpress angiotensin II receptor, type 1 (AGTR1). In experimental model systems- both in vitro as well as in xenografts in mice, AGTR1 overexpressing breast cancers are sensitive to losartan, an AGTR1 antagonist that is used to treat high blood pressure. These studies published recently in PNAS have generated much interest in the community and will be followed up by us and others. Towards systematic gene fusion discovery, we have developed paired end transcriptome sequencing protocols and bioinformatic pipeline to nominate gene fusion candidates, also published recently in PNAS. Promising gene fusion candidates from breast cancer cell lines and tissues will be followed up in recurrence screens and functional characterization. Another major advance this year has been the discovery of the role of micro RNA 101 in regulating the expression of histone methyltransferase EZH2 in aggressive breast and prostate cancer, published in Science.
Pass by Noise Analysis Method Extended for Mitigation Solution Development on Earth Moving Machinery (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Pass-by/exterior noise of earth moving machines (EMM) and forestry machines is becoming a focus at early product development stages. ISO 6395 (2) or EC/2000/14 (1) standards defines exterior noise test procedure for EMM. However, these standards do not provide insights for diagnosing any noise issues which may arise. The analysis challenges are posed by the moving machine and acoustic sources with respect to the stationary hemisphere target microphone on the ground and changing operating condition of sources as function of time. There is need to develop a seamless methodology to identify acoustic sources, quantify respective source strengths and rank partial contributions from each source to the total target microphone response in order to overcome the aforementioned challenges. This paper demonstrates use of time and frequency domain Acoustic Source Quantification (ASQ) combined with time domain overall sound pressure level computation to mimic operational test conditions which provides the ability to demonstrate partial contribution of each acoustic source during simulated exterior noise test run.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The work was performed on a four-wheel drive Loader (4WDL) machine. This analysis approach provides quantified insights for the design team for overall machine noise improvements. To increase the value of such a method in the early design stage, an acoustic simulation model of a machine is developed, and a response analysis is demonstrated using the computed ASQ based results. The model is planned to be exercised for “what if” improvements based on contribution analysis. The physical modifications developed based on test results are implemented and tested for their effectiveness.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Transverse mode analysis of optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy of canine hemangiosarcoma (2010)

The label-free technique of optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy (OFIS) uses the optical transmission spectrum of a cell in a microfluidic optical resonator to distinguish cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Based on their distinctive characteristic transmission spectra, canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cancer cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been differentiated using the OFIS technique with high statistical significance (p&lt;10<sup>- 6</sup>). 95% sensitivity and 98% specificity were achieved simultaneously. A cell lens model explains trends in the transverse mode pattern in the transmission spectra of HSA cells and allows extraction of cell focal length.
Temperature Coefficients of Material Properties Using Differential Capacitive Strain Sensors (2000)

This paper demonstrates the use of micromachined differential capacitive strain sensors for determining the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient, Young's modulus, and residual strain of microstructure materials.
Hierarchically doped plasmonic nanocrystal metamaterials (2023)

Assembling plasmonic nanocrystals in regular superlattices can produce effective optical properties not found in homogeneous materials. However, the range of these metamaterial properties is limited when a single nanocrystal composition is selected for the constituent meta-atoms. Here, we show how continuously varying doping at two length scales - the atomic and nanocrystal scales - enables tuning of both the frequency and bandwidth of the collective plasmon resonance in nanocrystal-based metasurfaces, while these features are inextricably linked in single-component superlattices. Varying the mixing ratio of indium tin oxide nanocrystals with different dopant concentrations, we use large-scale simulations to predict the emergence of a broad infrared spectral region with near-zero permittivity. Experimentally, tunable reflectance and absorption bands are observed owing to in- and out-of-plane collective resonances. These spectral features and the predicted strong near-field enhancement establish this multiscale doping strategy as a powerful new approach to designing metamaterials for optical applications.
Antimicrobial 14-Helical β-Peptides:  Potent Bilayer Disrupting Agents (2004)

The interactions of two amphiphilic and cationic, nine-residue beta-peptides with liposomal membranes were studied. These beta-peptides are shown to form 14-helices in the presence of bilayers. Membrane binding and membrane permeabilization occur preferentially in the presence of anionic lipids. The beta-peptides have the ability to cause tranbilayer diffusion of phospholipids, form pores, and promote lipid mixing between liposomes. These beta-peptides have previously been shown to display antimicrobial activity comparable to that of a longer beta-peptide, beta-17, which adopts a different type of helical conformation (12-helix), and to the 23 amino acid (Ala(8,13,18))-magainin-II-amide, which adopts an alpha-helical conformation. In addition, these 14-helical beta-peptides show relatively low hemolytic activity. The biological potency and microbial specificity of the 14-helical beta-peptides, despite their relatively short length, suggests that 14-helices can be particularly disruptive to microbial membranes.
Current control and PWM dimming in an automotive LED driver based on a Ćuk converter (2017)

This paper presents a current controller for an automotive LED driver based on a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) Ćuk converter using planar integrated magnetics. The driver outputs regulated dc current through a string of N = 1-12 LED's, which implies the need to operate over a wide output voltage range (approximately 3-40 V). It is found that the low-frequency gain of the duty-cycle-to-output-current transfer function exhibits weak dependence on the output voltage, which simplifies the controller design. A simple integral compensator is used to achieve wide-bandwidth control of the output current. PWM dimming is performed by turning the converter on and off, eliminating the need for any additional circuitry or lossy linear current regulators. Converter turn-on and turn-off strategies are introduced to speed up the on/off transients and facilitate high-resolution PWM dimming. Closed-loop current regulation performance and PWM dimming are verified by averaged circuit simulations including a Spice model of the planar integrated magnetics structure extracted by a 3D FEM tool. The controller is implemented digitally and experimental results are presented for a 0.5 A, 3-40 V prototype operating at 2 MHz.
Antibiofilm Activity of GlmU Enzyme Inhibitors against Catheter-Associated Uropathogens (2006)

The colonization of uropathogenic bacteria on urinary catheters resulting in biofilm formation frequently leads to the infection of surrounding tissue and often requires removal of the catheter. Infections associated with biofilms are difficult to treat since they may be more than 1,000 times more resistant to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. We have developed an antibiofilm composition comprising an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase (GlmU) inhibitor and protamine sulfate, a cationic polypeptide. The antibiofilm activity of GlmU inhibitors, such as iodoacetamide (IDA), N-ethyl maleimide (NEM), and NEM analogs, including N-phenyl maleimide, N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)dimaleimide (oPDM), and N-(1-pyrenyl)maleimide (PyrM), was tested against that of catheter-associated uropathogens. Both IDA and NEM inhibited biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. All NEM analogs showed antibiofilm activity against clinical isolates of E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis. The combination of oPDM with protamine sulfate (PS) enhanced its antibiofilm activity and reduced its effective concentration to as low as 12.5 microM. In addition, we found that the in vitro inhibitory activity of oPDM-plus-PS-coated silicone catheters against P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis colonization was superior to that of catheters coated with silver hydrogel. Confocal scanning laser microscopy further confirmed that the oPDM-plus-PS-coated silicone catheters were almost free from bacterial colonization. Thus, a broad-spectrum antibiofilm composition comprising a GlmU inhibitor and protamine sulfate shows promise for use in anti-infective coatings for medical devices, including urinary catheters.
Ambient Networks - A Framework for Multi-Access Control in Heterogeneous Networks (2006)

In the ambient networks project research is ongoing in order to define a new control space for future internetworking. This internetworking will be characterized by a high degree of network heterogeneity as well as nomadicity and mobility of both users as well as networks. The so called ambient control space (ACS), provides functionality to support how to manage these traits of future internetworking. This paper provides a short presentation on the architecture of ambient networks and the ACS, and then focus on how connectivity is handled from a multi-access and mobility perspective through the support of the ACS.
Microhardness measurements of renal calculi: Regional differences and effects of microstructure (1992)

Microhardnesses of five types of renal calculi: calcium apatite (82.5%)/magnesium ammonium phosphate hydrogen (10%)/calcium oxalate monohydrate (7.5%); calcium apatite (95%)/calcium oxalate monohydrate (5%); magnesium ammonium phosphate hydrogen (90%)/calcium apatite (10%); calcium oxalate monohydrate (85%)/calcium apatite (15%); and cystine (100%) were measured. Using Knoop and Vickers indenters the effects of chemical composition and microstructure on the microhardness measurement were assessed. Calcium oxalate monohydrate, magnesium ammonium phosphate hydrogen, and cystine stones, without apparent structure pattern, showed neither regional nor directional differences in their microhardness. In contrast, calcium apatite stones, with distinctly concentric laminae structure, showed regional variations which were correlated with the chemical composition of stone constituents. Scanning electron microscopy of the indenter impressions were taken to help in interpreting the directional dependence in Knoop hardness measurements with respect to the microstructure of the calculi. Vickers measurements showed the crystalline stones were isotropic within a layer. Combined results of Knoop and Vickers measurements indicate that the anisotropic Knoop hardness readings seen in the laminated regions were structural but not material-based. Implications of the results for the fragmentation of renal calculi in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are discussed.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Clusterin Inhibition Using OGX-011 Synergistically Enhances Hsp90 Inhibitor Activity by Suppressing the Heat Shock Response in Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 138K&lt;/p&gt;
Heterogeneous reduction of carbon dioxide by hydride-terminated silicon nanocrystals (2016)

Silicon constitutes 28% of the earth's mass. Its high abundance, lack of toxicity and low cost coupled with its electrical and optical properties, make silicon unique among the semiconductors for converting sunlight into electricity. In the quest for semiconductors that can make chemicals and fuels from sunlight and carbon dioxide, unfortunately the best performers are invariably made from rare and expensive elements. Here we report the observation that hydride-terminated silicon nanocrystals with average diameter 3.5 nm, denoted ncSi:H, can function as a single component heterogeneous reducing agent for converting gaseous carbon dioxide selectively to carbon monoxide, at a rate of hundreds of μmol h(-1) g(-1). The large surface area, broadband visible to near infrared light harvesting and reducing power of SiH surface sites of ncSi:H, together play key roles in this conversion. Making use of the reducing power of nanostructured hydrides towards gaseous carbon dioxide is a conceptually distinct and commercially interesting strategy for making fuels directly from sunlight.
Interdigital filters with a linear phase and a minimum attenuation in the passband (1975)

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine a new class of characteristic polynomials for interdigital filters with short‐circuited input lines. The corresponding transmission factor provides (n–2) zero derivatives of its group delay at the origin and the attenuation is nearly nullified in the passband.
The Search for Neural Progenitors in Bone Marrow and Umbilical Cord Blood (2003)

The study of hematopoiesis, the generation of blood cell lines throughout life, has provided conceptual, experimental, and therapeutic approaches useful to all stem cell biologists. From a clinical perspective, no other area of stem cell biology has been applied as successfully as has transplantation of bone marrow and cord blood for the treatment of blood diseases (1,2). In the last few years, research in stem cell biology has rapidly expanded to include the study of stem cells from embryonic, fetal, and various adult tissues, engendering novel perspectives regarding the identity, origin, and full therapeutic potential of tissue-specific stem cells (3–6). There are many similarities, as well as differences, between the stem cells that give rise to the nervous system (neuropoiesis) and those that generate the various blood cell lineages (hematopoiesis) (see Table 1). Just as bone marrow gives rise to blood cell lineages throughout life, the “brain marrow” is a proliferative central core of the central nervous system (CNS) comprised of the subependymal zone (SEZ), and other periventricular cell groups, that have the capacity to contribute to neurogenesis throughout life (5,7). In this chapter, we shall examine the theoretical and experimental relationships between bone marrow and brain by reviewing published research that addresses the capacity of adult bone marrow and umbilical cord blood to generate neurons and glia.
Towards an Integrated Photonic LIDAR Chip (2015)

We present recent results towards the development of an integrated photonic LIDAR system. Through the use of nanophotonic phased arrays, silicon photonics enables high-speed (&gt;100kHz) beam-steering to be performed without moving parts in the same manner as electronically steerable microwave phased arrays. Already, we have demonstrated the ability to beam-steer over a 51-degree angular range and have separately demonstrated the ability to implement the required LIDAR optical signal processing on-chip and perform basic ranging measurements. Increasingly it is becoming apparent that chip-based LIDAR will become a reality, facilitating high-resolution 3D imaging for applications such as autonomous vehicles.
Influence of virtual images on the signal-to-noise ratio in digital in-line particle holography (2005)

A theoretical analysis describing the dependence of the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) on the number of pixels and the number of particles is presented for in-line digital particle holography. The validity of the theory is verified by means of numerical simulation. Based on the theory we present a practical performance benchmark for digital holographic systems. Using this benchmark we improve the performance of an experimental holographic system by a factor three. We demonstrate that the ability to quantitatively analyze the system performance allows for a more systematic way of designing, optimizing, and comparing digital holographic systems.
Aiding reinforcement learning for set point control (2023)

While reinforcement learning has made great improvements, state-of-the-art algorithms can still struggle with seemingly simple set-point feedback control problems. One reason for this is that the learned controller may not be able to excite the system dynamics well enough initially, and therefore it can take a long time to get data that is informative enough to learn for good control. The paper contributes by augmentation of reinforcement learning with a simple guiding feedback controller, for example, a proportional controller. The key advantage in set point control is a much improved excitation that improves the convergence properties of the reinforcement learning controller significantly. This can be very important in real-world control where quick and accurate convergence is needed. The proposed method is evaluated with simulation and on a real-world double tank process with promising results.