gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in the Phoenix Area: Year 4, November 2002 (2003)

The University of Denver conducted a five-day remote sensing study in the Phoenix, AZ area in the fall of 2002.The remote sensor used in this study is capable of measuring the ratios of CO, HC, and NO to CO2 in motor vehicle exhaust.From these ratios, we calculate mass emissions per kg (or gallon) of fuel and the percent concentrations of CO, CO2, HC and NO in motor vehicle exhaust which would be observed by a tailpipe probe, corrected for water and any excess oxygen not involved in combustion.The system used in this study was also configured to determine the speed and acceleration of the vehicle, and was accompanied by a video system to record the license plate of the vehicle.Five days of fieldwork (November 18-22, 2002) were conducted on the uphill exit ramp from Hwy 202 / Sky Harbor Blvd.Westbound to Hwy 143 Southbound in Phoenix, AZ.A database was compiled containing 23,679 records for which the State of Arizona provided make and model year information.All of these records contained valid measurements for at least CO and CO2, and 23,666 contained valid measurements for HC and NO as well.The database, as well as others compiled by the University of Denver, can be found at www.feat.biochem.du.edu.The mean percent CO, HC, and NO were determined to be 0.22%, 0.004%, and 0.0327%, respectively.The fleet emissions measured in this study exhibit a gamma distribution, with the dirtiest 10% of the fleet responsible for 72%, 52%, and 57% of the CO, HC, and NO emissions, respectively.This year's HC readings seem to contain a negative offset such that the average HC of the cleanest make and model years are negative.Comparisons include removal of this negative offset.This was the fourth year of a multi-year continuing study to characterize motor vehicle emissions and deterioration in the Phoenix area.However, because of the non-ideal driving mode at the site in the first year (1998), a new ramp similar to the Denver, Chicago and L.A. Basin sites had been used in 1999 and 2000, and was again used this year.
T Cell Interleukin 1 (1987)

T cells have generally been regarded as targets for interleukin 1 (IL 1) action. However, we recently observed that the D10.G4.1 T cell clone, widely used as an assay cell for IL 1 (1), produced its own IL 1 following activation by antigen-presenting B cells (2). Here we extend our observations on T cell IL 1: 1) The majority of murine T cell clones produced an IL 1 activity after stimulation 2) This IL 1 activity was neutralized by anti-IL 1-α antibody 3) IL 1 mRNA could be visualized in individual cloned T cells using in situ hybridization 4) Anti-IL 1-α antibody blocked proliferation of antigen-stimulated T cell clones under conditions in which the T cell was the sole IL 1 source.
The long-lived electron transfer state of the 2-phenyl-4-(1-naphthyl)quinolinium ion incorporated into nanosized mesoporous silica–alumina acting as a robust photocatalyst in water (2013)

A simple electron donor-acceptor linked dyad, the 2-phenyl-4-(1-naphthyl)quinolinium ion (QuPh(+)-NA), was incorporated into nanosized mesoporous silica-alumina to form a composite, which is highly dispersed in water and acts as an efficient and robust photocatalyst for the reduction of O2 by oxalate to produce hydrogen peroxide with a quantum yield of 10%.
Amplified Photochemistry with Slow Photons (2006)

Slow photons in photonic crystals are shown to optically amplify the photoactivity of anatase TiO2 in an inverse opal structure. An enhancement in TiO2 absorption as a result of slow photons leads to a larger population of electron–hole pairs and faster degradation of organic molecules. A remarkable twofold enhancement is achieved (see figure) when the energy of the slow photons is optimized with respect to the absorption edge of anatase.
<title>Wavelet-based hierarchical organization of large image databases: ISAR and face recognition</title> (1998)

We present a method for constructing efficient hierarchical organization of image databases for fast recognition and classification. The method combines a wavelet preprocessor with a tree-structured-vector-quantization for clustering. We show results of application of the method to ISAR data from ships and to face recognition based on photograph databases. In the ISAR case we show how the method constructs a multi-resolution aspect graph for each target.
ChemInform Abstract: RESEARCH ON DURENE DERIVATIVES. NOTE I. HYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY OF 2‐(2,3,5,6‐TETRAMETHYLBENZYL)IMIDAZOLINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1980)

A series of substituted 2-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl)imidazolines and related compounds have been synthesized to study the steric and hydrophobic effects on the vasoactivity of the introduction of four methyl groups on the phenyl moiety. The 2-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl)imidazoline (I) showed a high hypertensive activity, whereas the 2-benzylimidazoline possesses an adrenolytic activity. The 2-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenoxy)methylimidazoline (XVII) retained the hypertensive activity, whereas the corresponding thioether (XIX) was inactive. Some structure-activity relationships with regard to the presence of substituents in the 4-position of the phenyl moiety and on the benzylic CH2 are reported.
Quantifying daily evolution of mobile software based on memory allocator churn (2022)

The pace and volume of code churn necessary to evolve modern software systems present challenges for analyzing the performance impact of any set of code changes. Traditional methods used in performance analysis rely on extensive data collection and profiling, which often takes days. For large organizations utilizing Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD), these traditional techniques often fail to provide timely and actionable data. A different impact analysis method that allows for more efficient detection of performance regressions is needed. We propose the utilization of user mode memory allocator churn as a novel approach to performance engineering. User mode allocator churn acts as a proxy metric to evaluate the relative change in the cost of specific tasks. We prototyped the memory allocation churn methodology while engaged in performance engineering for an iOS version of application X. We find that calculating and analyzing memory allocator churn (a) results in deterministic measurements, (b) is efficient for determining the presence of both individual performance regressions and general performance-related trends, and (c) is a suitable alternative to measuring the task completion time.
Dermatologic Changes Associated With Interleukin 2 Administration (1987)

We have prospectively evaluated the skin changes that occurred in ten patients who were undergoing immunotherapy with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells to treat cancer. Serial skin biopsy specimens were obtained before therapy (baseline), during IL-2 administration, and during IL-2/lymphokine-activated killer cell infusion. All patients developed an eruption that was characterized by macular erythema, with burning and pruritus of the skin. It began after two or three days of IL-2 infusion and was usually localized to the head and neck; it occasionally became generalized (ie, erythroderma). The eruption resolved with desquamation within 48 to 72 hours after cessation of infusion of IL-2. Histologically, the changes were not specific. The only consistent immunohistological finding noted was the presence of DR+/Leu-4+ lymphoid cells surrounding blood vessels in the papillary dermis, with fewer of these cells in the epidermis. There was no difference between the clinical or histological features of the eruption that occurred with IL-2 alone and that which occurred with IL-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell infusion, suggesting that the cutaneous effects were mediated by IL-2 alone.
Glycal Ethers as Starting Materials in C-Nucleoside Synthesis (1988)

Abstract When 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-g-glucal (3) is treated with thallium (III) nitrate, trihydrate in acetonitrile, 2,5-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-mannose (4), a precursor of the showdomycin analogue (5), is obtained. Ring-contraction of (3) can also be effected by a three-step process [(i) PhSeCl, tetrahydrofuran, (ii) Et3N, H2O; (iii) 3-ClC6-H4CO3H, KeOH]. Other examples of these ring-contraction reactions are described.
Contributions to the Mechanism of Isobutene Polymerization. V. Effect of Cyclic Olefins (1967)

Abstract The effect of various cyclic and bicyclic olefins on the yield (rate) and molecular weight of polyisobutene has been investigated. Cyclic olefins were found to be both rate poisons and transfer agents and the corresponding coefficients appear to be a function of ring size. Alkyl and aryl substitution on the ring increases both the poison and transfer coefficients. With bicyclic olefins, norbornene and norbornadiene both show moderate and similar poison coefficients, but only the former exhibits transfer activity. These coefficients have been discussed in terms of the allylic termination hypothesis and the known geometry and steric effects of the various rings studied.
The Keratinosens Assay: A High‐Throughput Screening Assay to Assess Chemical Skin Sensitization (2013)

Skin sensitization is a T-cell mediated immune reaction against chemically modified skin proteins. Small, reactive molecules (or molecules activated to be become reactive) must thus first modify the skin proteins to render them allergenic. The Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway is known to respond to thiol-reactive chemicals and a wide variety of skin sensitizers can therefore activate genes under the control of the antioxidant response element (ARE). Based on these findings, the reporter cell line KeratinoSens was created. It contains a luciferase gene under the control of the ARE element present in the promotor of the human AKR1C2 gene. A standard operating procedure to screen chemicals in full dose–response was developed. Its robustness and reproducibility was evaluated in a ring study in five laboratories. The predictivity and the applicability domain were evaluated on lists of reference chemicals. These results helped to define the applicability domain and the limitations of the assay and how it might best be integrated into an integrated testing strategy. In specific studies on targeted chemical classes, the use of the assay was further evaluated.
Human apolipoprotein E: correlation of polymorphisms and serum lipid concentrations in Chinese. (1999)

The results demonstrate that neither the epsilon 2 nor epsilon 4 alleles affect cholesterol values in Chinese subjects, whereas the epsilon 2 allele exerts an influence on serum triglyceride concentrations in Chinese.
Expression of Cloned Vaccinia Virus DNA Sequences Introduced into Animal Cells (1984)

Individual cloned HindIII fragments of vaccinia virus DNA were introduced into cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. The presence of individual fragments in the different transformants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Several of the transformants were found to express viral sequences at various levels. The sizes of the transcripts containing vaccinia virus sequences were highly heterogeneous, with no discrete species of RNA. Positive clones contained vaccinia virus sequences in both the poly(A)+ and poly(A)- RNA fractions, although the prevalence of these sequences was variable in the two fractions. The S1 nuclease map of the 5' end of the transcripts from transformants containing the HindIII-J fragment revealed a unique 5' end, similar to RNA from virus-infected cells. In contrast, analysis of the 3' end of RNAs from these transformants showed a high degree of heterogeneity, which might explain the heterogeneity found in Northern blot patterns. In this report, it is shown for the first time that in cells transformed with vaccinia virus DNA there is proper initiation for, at least, the viral thymidine kinase gene.
Allyl ansa‐Lanthanidocenes: Single‐Component, Single‐Site Catalysts for Controlled Syndiospecific Styrene and Styrene–Ethylene (Co)Polymerization (2007)

A series of new neutral allyl Group 3 metal complexes bearing ansa-bridged fluorenyl/cyclopentadienyl ligands [[Flu-EMe(2)-(3-R-Cp)]Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(THF)] (E=C, R=H, Ln=Y (2), La (3), Nd (4), Sm (5); R=tBu, Ln=Y (8), Nd (9); E=Si, R=H, Ln=Y (12), Nd (13)) were synthesized in good yields via salt metathesis protocols. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy for diamagnetic complexes, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies for 2, 4, 9 and 12. Some of the allyl ansa-lanthanidocenes, especially 4, are effective single-component catalysts for the polymerization of styrene, giving pure syndiotactic polystyrenes (rrrr > 99 %) with low to high molecular weights (M(n)=6000-135,000 g mol(-1)) and narrow polydispersities (M(w)/M(n)=1.2-2.6). The catalyst systems are remarkably stable, capable of polymerizing styrene up to 120 degrees C with high activities, while maintaining high syndiotacticity via chain-end control as established by a Bernoullian analysis. Highly effective copolymerization of styrene with ethylene was achieved using neodymium complex 4 (activity up to 2530 kg PS-PE mol(-1) h(-1)) to give true copolymers void of homopolymers with M(n)=9000-152,000 g mol(-1) and narrow polydispersities (M(w)/M(n)=1.2-2.5). The nature of the resultant P(S-co-E) copolymers was ascertained by NMR, size-exclusion chromatography/refractive index/UV, temperature rising elusion fractionation, and differential scanning calorimetry. It is shown that, regardless the amount of ethylene incorporated (1-50 mol %), P(S-co-E) copolymers have a microstructure predominantly made of long highly syndiotactic PS sequences separated by single or few ethylene units. Co-monomers feed and polymerization temperature can be used straightforwardly to manipulate with the physical and mechanical characteristics of the P(S-co-E) copolymers (molecular weights and distributions, co-monomer content, microstructure, T(m), T(g), T(c)).
Vaccine Engineering Improved by Hybrid Technology (2004)

The term ‘vaccination’ describes the induction of protective immune responses against infectious diseases, but is also used to define antigen-specific forms of immunotherapy for allergy, cancer and autoimmunity. Successful vaccination requires either immune modulation or the induction of robust specific immunity to several disease-causing antigens. However, natural antigen sources may contain greatly varying amounts of these antigens and some of them may exhibit low immunogenicity. An approach for overcoming the latter problems has been developed for allergy vaccines recently. This approach is based on the genetic engineering of hybrid molecules, consisting of several major disease-eliciting antigens/epitopes. Such hybrid molecules can be built to include the most relevant epitopes of complex antigen sources. Moreover, fusion of different antigens in the form of hybrid molecules strongly increases their immunogenicity. The hybrid approach can also be used for the generation of mosaic antigens with altered immunological properties, which consist of re-shuffled antigen pieces. We exemplify the use of hybrid technology for the generation of new allergy vaccines and discuss its potential applicability for the development of vaccines for infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity.
A new micropower complementary bipolar transistor structure (1972)

A micropower complementary monolithic bipolar transistor structure with relatively simple processing steps has been developed. High current gains, very low saturation voltages and high sheet resistances are inherent characteristics of the structure.
Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy of Polymer Composites (2014)

he field of polymer composites is a rapidly developing area of study in materials science. The addition of a variety of new component materials, such as carbon fibers, clay, carbon nanotubes, nanocrystalline cellulose, etc., to polymeric matrices is designed to enhance properties and add value to the end-use product. Invariably, however, the added composite components can affect the processing conditions required to produce a functional material. In addition, it is important to understand the degradation and/or failure mechanism of polymer composite materials. Measurement tools capable of chemically characterizing the interphase region between a particular nanomaterial inclusion and the bulk polymer are needed to help enhance understanding of composite polymers. The use of such powerful nanoscale chemical characterization tools may contribute to the understanding of failure mechanisms and accelerate the development of these new polymer composites, helping formulators converge more efficiently on optimal processing conditions. The recent combination of atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) has led to the ability to obtain IR spectra with nanoscale spatial resolution, nearly two orders-of-magnitude better than conventional Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. 1–7 Fiber polymer composites Carbon fiber composite materials are found in a variety of commercial products, including planes, automobiles, boats, and sporting goods. They are used to reduce overall weight while maintaining or exceeding the mechanical strength of metallic counterparts. Understanding the carbon fiber/matrix interface is a key area of research. Surface treatments and sizing, which is a thin coating of no more than a few hundred nanometers around the carbon fiber, dictate the mechanical properties of the overall
Eighth workshop on information integration on the web (IIWeb 2011) (2011)

The goal of the Eighth Workshop on Information Integration on the Web (IIWeb 2011), held in conjunction with WWW 2011 on March 28th, 2011 at Hyderabad, India was to bring together academic researchers and industry practitioners in Information Integration. This edition had a special focus on challenges brought out in integrating cyber physical systems (CPS) for building a sustainable ecosystem for life on our planet. The workshop program consisted of three invited talks and six presentations from authors of accepted papers, all focussed in the area of cyber physical system creation for smarter traffic, intelligence gathering etc. The six papers were picked from a pool of twenty two papers submitted to the workshop after a peer review process. The workshop attracted about 30 registered delegates of WWW 2011.
Investigation of Zr−C, Zr−N, and Potential Agostic Interactions in an Organozirconium Complex by Experimental Electron Density Analysis (2003)

The crystal structure and electron density (ED) distribution of an imine coupling product with an open zirconocene, Zr(2,4-C(7)H(11))[(i-Pr)NCHPhCH(2)CMe=CHCMe=CH(2)] (C(7)H(11) = dimethylpentadienyl), have been derived from accurate synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The molecular structure reveals asymmetric coordination of Zr by the pentadienyl (2,4-C(7)H(11)) ligand (<Zr-C> = 2.56(6) A), the butadiene fragment (<Zr-C> = 2.43(5) A), and the amide nitrogen atom (Zr-N = 2.0312(5) A) of the second ligand. The study of the ED and its topological analysis affords new insight into the bonding and electronic structure of the title zirconium complex. The interactions between the metal center and the ligands are represented by a Zr-N bond path and one Zr-C bond path with each of the pentadienyl and butadiene moieties, contrary to the usually depicted global metal-ligand bonding. The butadiene and pentadienyl groups exhibit a polarization of the corresponding pi-like ED in the C-Zr directions, indicating that the whole conjugated systems are nonetheless involved. The 4d atomic orbitals of Zr exhibit unusual populations according to ligand field considerations, which reveal a high degree of sigma-donation from the conjugated pi systems of both ligands. As deduced from numerical integration over the topologically defined atomic basins, the Zr to ligand charge transfer is 1.48 e to the C(17)NH(24) ligand and 0.68 e to dimethylpentadienyl. Topological analysis of a short intramolecular Zr.(C,H) contact provides no indication of the presence of agostic interactions, despite a small Zr-N-C angle of 102.87(4) degrees. Thus, no bond path and BCP (bond critical point) of the ED are found in the Zr.(C,H) region, which would have provided evidence for such direct interactions, nor is there any evidence for charge accumulation between the Zr and H atoms, or for lengthening of the C-H bond involved in the putative interaction. These characteristics, similar to those in other distorted situations, may be common for other electron-deficient d(0) complexes.
RAB11FIP5-Deficient Mice Exhibit Cytokine-Related Transcriptomic Signatures (2020)

Rab11 recycling endosomes are involved in immunological synaptic functions, but the roles of Rab11 family-interacting protein 5 (Rab11Fip5), one of the Rab11 effectors, in the immune system remain obscure. Our previous study demonstrated that <i>RAB11FIP5</i> transcripts are significantly elevated in PBMCs from HIV-1-infected individuals, making broadly HIV-1-neutralizing Abs compared with those without broadly neutralizing Abs; however, the role of Rab11FiP5 in immune functions remains unclear. In this study, a <i>RAB11FIP5</i> gene knockout (<i>RAB11FIP5</i> <sup>-/-</sup>) mouse model was employed to study the role of Rab11Fip5 in immune responses. <i>RAB11FIP5</i> <sup>-/-</sup> mice exhibited no perturbation in lymphoid tissue cell subsets, and Rab11Fip5 was not required for serum Ab induction following HIV-1 envelope immunization, Ab transcytosis to mucosal sites, or survival after influenza challenge. However, differences were observed in multiple transcripts, including cytokine genes, in lymphocyte subsets from envelope-immunized <i>RAB11FIP5</i> <sup>-/-</sup> versus control mice. These included alterations in several genes in NK cells that mirrored observations in NKs from HIV-infected humans expressing less <i>RAB11FIP5</i>, although Rab11Fip5 was dispensable for NK cell cytolytic activity. Notably, immunized <i>RAB11FIP5</i> <sup>-/-</sup> mice had lower <i>IL4</i> expression in CD4<sup>+</sup> T follicular helper cells and showed lower <i>TNF</i> expression in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Likewise, TNF-α production by human CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells correlated with PBMC <i>RAB11FIP5</i> expression. These observations in <i>RAB11FIP5</i> <sup>-/-</sup> mice suggest a role for Rab11Fip5 in regulating cytokine responses.
Advances and challenges in developing cytokine fusion proteins as improved therapeutics (2009)

To achieve the full promises of cytokine fusion proteins, it is imperative to focus further development on improving pharmacokinetics and in vivo stability, as well as minimizing potential immunogenicity and inherent toxicity.