gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pH-Dependent partitioning in room temperature ionic liquids (2000)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Response of microbial community of organic-matter-impoverished arable soil to long-term application of soil conditioner derived from dynamic rapid fermentation of food waste (2017)

Rapid fermentation of food waste can be used to prepare soil conditioner. This process consumes less time and is more cost-effective than traditional preparation technology. However, the succession of the soil microbial community structure after long-term application of rapid fermentation-derived soil conditioners remains unclear. Herein, dynamic rapid fermentation (DRF) of food waste was performed to develop a soil conditioner and the successions and diversity of bacterial communities in an organic-matter-impoverished arable soil after six years of application of DRF-derived soil conditioner were investigated. Results showed that the treatment increased soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation and strawberry yield by 5.3 g/kg and 555.91 kg/ha, respectively. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes became the dominant phyla, occupying 65.95%-77.52% of the bacterial sequences. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the soil bacterial communities were largely influenced by the treatment. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the relative abundances of Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, Nitrospirae, and Firmicutes were significantly correlated with soil TC, TN, TP, NH4+-N, NO3--N, OM, and moisture. These communities were all distributed in the soil samples collected in the sixth year of application. Long-term treatment did not enhance the diversity of bacterial species but significantly altered the distribution of major functional bacterial communities in the soils. Application of DRF-derived soil conditioner could improve the soil quality and optimize the microbial community, ultimately enhancing fruit yields.
Modeling Brain Disorders Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2019)

Brain disorders, from neurodegenerative to psychiatric disorders, are among the most challenging conditions to study because of the intricate nature of the human brain and the limitations of existing model systems in recapitulating all these intricacies. However, innovations in stem cell technologies now allow us to reprogram patient somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can then be differentiated to disease-relevant neural and glial cells. iPSCs are a valuable tool to model brain disorders, as they can be derived from patients with known symptom histories, genetics, and drug-response profiles. Here, we discuss the premise and validity of the iPSC-based in vitro model system and highlight key findings from the most commonly studied neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
Chained Representation Cycling: Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose and Shape by Cycling Between Representations (2020)

The goal of many computer vision systems is to transform image pixels into 3D representations. Recent popular models use neural networks to regress directly from pixels to 3D object parameters. Such an approach works well when supervision is available, but in problems like human pose and shape estimation, it is difficult to obtain natural images with 3D ground truth. To go one step further, we propose a new architecture that facilitates unsupervised, or lightly supervised, learning. The idea is to break the problem into a series of transformations between increasingly abstract representations. Each step involves a cycle designed to be learnable without annotated training data, and the chain of cycles delivers the final solution. Specifically, we use 2D body part segments as an intermediate representation that contains enough information to be lifted to 3D, and at the same time is simple enough to be learned in an unsupervised way. We demonstrate the method by learning 3D human pose and shape from un-paired and un-annotated images. We also explore varying amounts of paired data and show that cycling greatly alleviates the need for paired data. While we present results for modeling humans, our formulation is general and can be applied to other vision problems.
HPLC Profiling with At‐line Microdilution Assay for the Early Identification of Anti‐fungal Compounds in Plants from French Polynesia (2013)

A generic HPLC anti-fungal profiling method was developed which revealed that only 50 mg of crude extract were sufficient for a rapid identification of compound(s) responsible for the anti-Candida activity. This approach was illustrated by the study of Alphitonia zizyphoides, a plant traditionally used to treat dermatomycoses.
Novel Function of Serine Protease HTRA1 in Inhibiting Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells via MAP Kinase-Mediated MMP Upregulation (2016)

Adipogenesis is the process by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) develop into lipid-laden adipocytes. Being the dominant cell type within adipose tissue, adipocytes play a central role in regulating circulating fatty acid levels, which is considered to be of critical importance in maintaining insulin sensitivity. High temperature requirement protease A1 (HTRA1) is a newly recognized regulator of MSC differentiation, although its role as a mediator of adipogenesis has not yet been defined. The aim of this work was therefore to evaluate HTRA1's influence on human MSC (hMSC) adipogenesis and to establish a potential mode of action. We report that the addition of exogenous HTRA1 to hMSCs undergoing adipogenesis suppressed their ability to develop into lipid laden adipocytes. These effects were demonstrated as being reliant on both its protease and PDZ domain, and were mediated through the actions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The relevance of such findings with regards to HTRA1's potential influence on adipocyte function in vivo is made evident by the fact that HTRA1 and MMP-13 were readily identifiable within crown-like structures present in visceral adipose tissue samples from insulin resistant obese human subjects. These data therefore implicate HTRA1 as a negative regulator of MSC adipogenesis and are suggestive of its potential involvement in adipose tissue remodeling under pathological conditions. Stem Cells 2016;34:1601-1614.
Host- and Strain-Specific Regulation of Influenza Virus Polymerase Activity by Interacting Cellular Proteins (2011)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses have recently emerged from wild and domestic birds to cause fatal human disease. In human patients, it is thought that adaptation of the viral polymerase, a complex of viral proteins responsible for viral gene expression and RNA genome replication, to interactions with mammalian rather than avian host proteins contributes to disease severity. In this study, we used computational analysis and RNA interference (RNAi) experiments to identify a biological network of human proteins that regulates an H5N1 HPAI virus polymerase, in comparison to a mammalian H1N1 virus. Of 31 proteins tested, 18 (58%) were required for polymerase function in both HPAI and H1N1 viruses. Remarkably, we also found proteins such as DDX17 that governed the HPAI virus polymerase's adaptation to human cells. These virus-host interactions may thus control pathogenicity of HPAI virus in humans and are promising therapeutic targets for antiviral drugs in severe influenza infections.
Search for a new scalar resonance in flavour-changing neutral-current top-quark decays t → qX (q = u, c), with X → $$ b\overline{b} $$, in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A bstract A search for flavour-changing neutral-current decays of a top quark into an up-type quark (either up or charm) and a light scalar particle X decaying into a bottom anti-bottom quark pair is presented. The search focuses on top-quark pair production where one top quark decays to qX , with X → $$ b\overline{b} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> , and the other top quark decays according to the Standard Model, with the W boson decaying leptonically. The final state is thus characterised by an isolated electron or muon and at least four jets. Events are categorised according to the multiplicity of jets and jets tagged as originating from b -quarks, and a neural network is used to discriminate between signal and background processes. The data analysed correspond to 139 fb − 1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The 95% confidence-level upper limits between 0.019% and 0.062% are derived for the branching fraction $$ \mathcal{B} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:math> ( t → uX ) and between 0.018% and 0.078% for the branching fraction $$ \mathcal{B} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:math> ( t → cX ), for masses of the scalar particle X between 20 and 160 GeV.
An Empirical Case Study of Factor Alignment Problems Using the USER Model (2012)

The practical issues that arise due to the interaction between three principal players in any quantitative strategy—namely, the alpha model, the risk model, and the constraints—are collectively referred to as factor alignment problems (FAPs). Examples of FAPs include risk-underestimation of optimized portfolios, undesirable exposure to factors with hidden and unaccounted systematic risk, consistent failure in achieving ex ante performance targets, and inability to harvest highquality alphas into an above-average information ratio (IR). This article concerns an empirical illustration of various facets of FAPs using the U.S. Expected Return (USER) model. Unlike previous studies on FAP that are either based on simulated returns or a black-box expected return model, we leverage the detailed knowledge of the USER model to create an insightful narrative. We show that optimal portfolios constructed using the USER model without taking into account the misalignment issues betray typical symptoms of FAPs and have exposure to certain hidden systematic risk factors that are not accounted for during portfolio construction. We trace the origins of these latent systematic risk factors to the constituent factors of the USER model and the turnover constraint. Finally, we leverage our understanding of the alignment issues to propose an alternative portfolio construction methodology that directly addresses FAPs. Using the proposed methodology not only gives unbiased risk forecasts, but also improves ex post performance in a statistically significant manner. <b>TOPICS:</b>VAR and use of alternative risk measures of trading risk, portfolio construction, analysis of individual factors/risk premia
Development of targeted therapy in uterine serous carcinoma, a biologically aggressive variant of endometrial cancer (2011)

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common female genital malignancy in the USA. Most carcinomas arising from the uterus are estrogen dependent and are associated with obesity and hypertension. They are designated type I ECs and typically, due to their early diagnosis secondary to postmenopausal bleeding, have a good prognosis. By contrast, type II ECs develop in older patients, are not hormone dependent and are responsible for most recurrences and deaths from EC. Uterine serous cancer constitutes up to 10% of all endometrial tumors, and represents the most biologically aggressive variant of type II EC. This article will describe the most salient molecular markers that have been identified in uterine serous cancer, thus far with emphasis on the use of erbB2 (HER2/neu) as the first of a series of therapeutic markers for the treatment of this highly-aggressive subset of ECs.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Genetic Heterogeneity and Tissue-specific Patterns of Tumors with Multiple <i>PIK3CA</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Breakdown of the different tumor types among double-PIK3CA mutant samples based on their clonality and cis/trans status.&lt;/p&gt;
Impacts of subsynchronous and supersynchronous frequency components on synchrophasor measurements (2016)

Phasor measurement units (PMU) are playing an increasingly important role in power system dynamic security monitoring and control. However, the wide-area deployments of the renewable energy sources and the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission bring a large number of inter-harmonics to the power grid, which may result in further power system security problems. The impacts of inter-harmonics on synchrophasor measurements are revealed. This paper derives the phasor expressions of the signal, which contains the fundamental component and the inter-harmonics. It is found that the inter-harmonics will lead to the subsynchronous oscillation of the phasor measurements. The frequency transmutation principle between the harmonic and the phasor oscillation is revealed. Then, the field PMU data recorded during a subsynchronous oscillation, which occurred in an area of China with a high concentration of wind farms and HVDC transmission lines, are studied. A geographical wiring diagram with the subsynchronous oscillation distribution depicts the severe consequences of the inter-harmonics. In addition, the correctness of the theoretical derivation and the possibility of the inter-harmonics monitoring are verified.
Three main components in plasma proteases and their relation to the renin‐angiotensin system (1990)

The relation of plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma levels of angiotensin I (AI) and II (AII) to those of various proteases, including eight endopeptidases and four aminopeptidases, was investigated in 51 normal control subjects. The multivariate study using factor analysis showed that the plasma proteases can be classified into three main components: the aminopeptidase, the plasmin, and the kinin-kallikrein. PRA and AI were related almost exclusively to the aminopeptidase component, while the AII level was related not only to the same component but also to the kallikrein-kinin component. This kind of multivariate study may help in the elucidation of the role of proteases and bioactive peptides, such as angiotensin derivatives, in essential hypertension through a comparison of multivariate relationships in controls and patients.
A Live Zebrafish-Based Screening System for Human Nuclear Receptor Ligand and Cofactor Discovery (2010)

Nuclear receptors (NRs) belong to a superfamily of transcription factors that regulate numerous homeostatic, metabolic and reproductive processes. Taken together with their modulation by small lipophilic molecules, they also represent an important and successful class of drug targets. Although many NRs have been targeted successfully, the majority have not, and one third are still orphans. Here we report the development of an in vivo GFP-based reporter system suitable for monitoring NR activities in all cells and tissues using live zebrafish (Danio rerio). The human NR fusion proteins used also contain a new affinity tag cassette allowing the purification of receptors with bound molecules from responsive tissues. We show that these constructs 1) respond as expected to endogenous zebrafish hormones and cofactors, 2) facilitate efficient receptor and cofactor purification, 3) respond robustly to NR hormones and drugs and 4) yield readily quantifiable signals. Transgenic lines representing the majority of human NRs have been established and are available for the investigation of tissue- and isoform-specific ligands and cofactors.
Supplementary Fig. S3 from Gemcitabine sensitization by checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition correlates with inhibition of a Rad51 DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S3 from Gemcitabine sensitization by checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition correlates with inhibition of a Rad51 DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells
Hysteresis free carbon nanotube thin film transistors comprising hydrophobic dielectrics (2015)

We present two examples of carbon nanotube network thin film transistors with strongly hydrophobic dielectrics comprising either Teflon-AF or a poly(vinylphenol)/poly(methyl silsesquioxane) (PVP/pMSSQ) blend. In the absence of encapsulation, bottom gated transistors in air ambient show no hysteresis between forward and reverse gate sweep direction. Device threshold gate voltage and On-current present excellent time dependent stability even under dielectric stress. Furthermore, threshold gate voltage for hole conduction is negative upon device encapsulation with PVP/pMSSQ enabling much improved current On/Off ratio at 0 V. This work addresses two major challenges impeding solution based fabrication of relevant thin film transistors with printable single-walled carbon nanotube channels.
Down-regulation of LFA-1 Adhesion Receptors by C- myc Oncogene in Human B Lymphoblastoid Cells (1990)

The function of the c-myc gene and its role in tumorigenesis are poorly understood. In order to elucidate the role of c-myc oncogene activation in B cell malignancy, the phenotypic changes caused by the expression of c-myc oncogenes in human B lymphoblastoid cells immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus were analyzed. C-myc oncogenes caused the down-regulation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) adhesion molecules (alpha L/beta 2 integrin) and loss of homotypic B cell adhesion in vitro. Down-regulation of LFA-1 occurred by (i) posttranscriptional modulation of LFA-1 alpha L-chain RNA soon after acute c-myc induction, and (ii) transcriptional modulation in cells that chronically express c-myc oncogenes. Analogous reductions in LFA-1 expression were detectable in Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying activated c-myc oncogenes. Since LFA-1 is involved in B cell adhesion to cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and vascular endothelium, these results imply functions for c-myc in normal B cell development and lymphomagenesis.
Method to control artifacts of microstructural fabrication (2023)

New methods for fabrication of silicon microstructures have been developed. In these methods, an etching delay layer is deposited and patterned so as to provide differential control on the depth of features being etched into a substrate material. Compensation for etching-related structural artifacts can be accomplished by proper use of such an etching delay layer.
FM-05 LTO CARTRIDGE REEL DEFLECTION UNDER TAPE PACKING STRESSES (2003)

Deflection of LTO cartridge reel flanges is studied as a function of tape tension, number of wraps, and packing propensity across three cartridge types. An axisymmetric finite element model is developed to explain the observed deflections.
Smallest flattop focus by polarization engineering (2008)

Spatial engineering of polarization as a new method of beam shaping is analyzed by using scalar diffraction theory. For the one-dimensional case, it is shown that the smallest flattop far-field distribution can be obtained by adopting a linear polarization that changes direction as a linear function of location in the pupil plane. The resulting light field is functionally equivalent to a cosinusoidal function modulation of the wavefront but maintains high efficiency. This polarization beam shaping technique proves to be highly useful in applications where diffraction effects need to be taken into account. The extension of this technique to two-dimensional beam shaping is also demonstrated.
Domain-size pooling in local descriptors: DSP-SIFT (2015)

We introduce a simple modification of local image descriptors, such as SIFT, based on pooling gradient orientations across different domain sizes, in addition to spatial locations. The resulting descriptor, which we call DSP-SIFT, outperforms other methods in wide-baseline matching benchmarks, including those based on convolutional neural networks, despite having the same dimension of SIFT and requiring no training.
Microcrystalline Si1-xGexSolar Cells Exhibiting Enhanced Infrared Response with Reduced Absorber Thickness (2008)

Thin film p–i–n junction solar cells incorporating hydrogenated microcrystalline Si1-xGex (µc-Si1-xGex:H) absorber i layers (1 µm) have been fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in the composition range of 0≤x≤0.35. By increasing Ge content from x=0 to 0.15–0.2, short-circuit current density increases by ∼5 mA/cm2 with spectral sensitivities extending into the infrared wavelengths (>600 nm). However, solar cell parameters for larger Ge contents (x>0.2) are lowered by the increased charge carrier recombination in the µc-Si1-xGex:H i layer. As a result, a 6.3% efficient solar cell is obtained at x=0.2, exhibiting infrared response even higher than that of double-thickness µc-Si:H solar cells. The solar cell shows excellent performance stability under prolonged light soaking.
Electroluminescence and hyperphosphorescence from stable blue Ir(III) carbene complexes with suppressed efficiency roll-off (2023)

Abstract Efficient Förster energy transfer from a phosphorescent sensitizer to a thermally activated delayed fluorescent terminal emitter constitutes a potential solution for achieving superb blue emissive organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are urgently needed for high-performance displays. Herein, we report the design of four Ir(III) metal complexes, f -ct1a ‒ d , bearing functionalized imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazinylidene fragments that are supported by an aryl cyclometalate, a vertically arranged N-aryl appendage, and two peripheral tert -butyl substituents. These Ir(III) phosphors exhibit efficient true-blue emissions and a fast radiative decay lifetime. More importantly, they also undergo facile isomerization in the presence of catalysts (NaOAc and TsOH) at elevated temperature and, hence, allow for the mass production of either emitter by chromatographic separation, followed by thermal recycling of other isomers. One OLED device with doped f -ct1c shows a peak wavelength at 472 nm and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.0%. Upon introduction of the terminal emitter ν-DABNA, the resulting hyper-OLED exhibits a true-blue color (CIE y = 0.11), a FWHM of 18 nm, a maximum EQE of 35.5% and a high EQE of 20.3% at 5000 cd m ‒2 , paving the way for innovative blue OLED technology.