gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Point pattern matching by a genetic algorithm (2002)

The problem of finding a subset of points in a pattern that best match to a subset of points in another pattern through a transformation in an optimal sense is considered. An exhaustive search to find the best assignment mapping one set of points to another set is, if the number of points that are to be matched is large, computationally expensive. A genetic algorithm that searches for the best ('almost the best') assignment efficiently is described. To map the point pattern matching into the framework of a genetic algorithm, a fitness function that is inversely proportional to the match error and a scheme for encoding an assignment between two sets of points into a string are used, along with a genetic operator known as the mixed-type partial matching crossover. Experimental results have demonstrated the robustness and the fast convergence of the algorithm. The algorithm can be applied to n-dimensional point patterns and any transformation. Results are presented for two-dimensional point patterns and a similarity transformation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Computational Model for Estimating Blocking Probabilities of Multifiber WDM Optical Networks (2004)

In this letter, we propose a computational model for calculating blocking probabilities of multifiber wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. We first derive the blocking probability of a fiber based on a Markov chain, from which the blocking probability of a link is derived by means of conditional probabilities. The blocking probability of a lightpath can be computed by a recursive formula. Finally, the network-wide blocking probability can be expressed as the ratio of the total blocked load versus the total offered load. Simulation results for different fiber-wavelength configurations conform closely to the numerical results based on our proposed model, thus demonstrating the feasibility of our proposed model for estimating the blocking performance of multifiber WDM optical networks.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF NIEMANN-PICK TYPE C DISEASE (2010)

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):16-24)
Size reduction of microstrip patch antennas with left-handed transmission line loading (2007)

A procedure for designing an electrically small microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is developed, wherein the length of a side of the MPA is reduced to significantly less than a half-wavelength. The MPA is loaded with a resonant circuit equivalent to that of a left-handed transmission line to artificially increase the effective wavelength of the device, thus creating a resonance equivalent to, but at a lower frequency than the unloaded {10} mode. The field distribution in the loaded MPA remains relatively unperturbed, unlike the {0} mode case that attempts to decrease the size by introducing a shorting-post; consequently, very low cross-polarisation behaviour is observed. The theory to predict the full spectrum of resonant frequencies of the antenna is developed, with finite-difference time-domain simulations used to finalise the antenna design. Finally, an electrically small ((λ/6)×(λ/4)) and thin (&lt;λ/65) antenna is fabricated at 465 MHz using low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology and tested for key figures of merit, including the resonant frequency and radiation pattern. The shortened antenna not only shows performance comparable to a conventional unloaded MPA, but also exhibits good cross-polarisation. The loaded MPA achieved an area reduction of 83% as compared to an unloaded version.
Anomalous rearrangements in the reaction of acylpolysilanes with TMSNTf2 (1998)

Reaction of acylpolysilanes with silylbistriflimides (R3SiNTf2) leads to novel silanols via a pathway involving two 1,2-migrations of Me3Si groups from silicon to carbon and one migration of a R3SiO unit from carbon to silicon; the X-ray structure of one example is reported.
SmartLDWS: A robust and scalable lane departure warning system for the smartphones (2009)

Lane departure warning Systems (LDWS) have recently become an integral part of many advance vision-based drive assistance systems. However, high cost and the requirement of professional installation have limited such systems to mostly commercial or luxury vehicles. To help bring the technology to the mainstream market, we have leveraged the popularity of smart phones and built SmartLDWS, the first LDWS that runs on these devices. SmartLDWS employs a novel lane detection algorithm that is both robust and scalable to overcome poor camera quality and limited processing power faced by most smart phones. Experimental results show that the system performs reliably with extremely low false-positive under different weather and lighting conditions, detecting various types of lane markings at over 30 fps.
Formation of high-quality SiO2/GaN interfaces with suppressed Ga-oxide interlayer via sputter deposition of SiO2 (2023)

Abstract While the formation of a GaO x interlayer is key to achieving SiO 2 /GaN interfaces with low defect density, positive fixed charge is rather easily generated through the reduction of GaO x layer if the annealing conditions are not properly designed. In this study, we minimized the unstable GaO x layer by sputter SiO 2 deposition. Negligible GaO x growth was confirmed by synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, even when post-deposition oxygen annealing up to 600 °C was performed. A MOS device with negligible capacitance–voltage hysteresis, stable flat-band voltage, and low leakage current was demonstrated by performing oxygen and forming gas annealing at temperatures of 600 °C and 400 °C, respectively.
Modulation of vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs2SnI6 for air-stable thin-film transistors (2022)

Vacancy-ordered halide double perovskites are promising non-toxic and stable alternatives for their lead- and tin (II)-based counterparts in electronic and optoelectronic applications. Despite extensive theoretical studies on this emerging family of materials, efforts devoted to the chemical modulation of their thin-film properties and their potential application in electronic devices remain rare. Here, we develop a facile one-step solution processing strategy to tune the film quality of cesium tin (IV) iodide (Cs2SnI6) perovskite and demonstrate its feasibility in thin-film transistor (TFT) application. We reveal critical roles of precursor stoichiometric ratio and solvent engineering in achieving uniform and highly crystalline Cs2SnI6 films with superior electron mobility. We further modulate the electronic properties by incorporating an external manganese (Mn2+) dopant, achieving high-performance air-stable n-channel TFTs and all-perovskite complementary inverters. We anticipate that the present study would pave the way for expanding the environmentally friendly and stable perovskites toward widespread applications.
Spin-polarized Zener tunneling in (Ga,Mn)As (2002)

We investigate spin-polarized inter-band tunneling through measurement of a (Ga,Mn)As based Zener tunnel diode. By placing the diode under reverse bias, electron spin polarization is transferred from the valence band of p-type (Ga,Mn)As to the conduction band of an adjacent n-GaAs layer. The resulting current is monitored by injection into a quantum well light emitting diode whose electroluminescence polarization is found to track the magnetization of the (Ga,Mn)As layer as a function of both temperature and magnetic field.
Sirolimus-eluting stent placement for refractory renal artery in-stent restenosis: sustained patency and clinical benefit at 24 months (2009)

Renal artery stenosis may cause or exacerbate hypertension and renal failure. Percutaneous transluminal renal artery stent placement, increasingly the first-line therapy for ostial atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, can be complicated by in-stent restenosis weeks to months after the procedure. There is currently no consensus for the treatment of in-stent restenosis. Sirolimus-eluting stents have been shown to be effective to treat in-stent restenosis in the coronary circulation. We report a case of sustained 24-month patency after repair of recurrent renal artery in-stent restenosis with use of a sirolimus-eluting stent.
Defect-tolerant molecular electronics (2004)

The integrated circuit, manufactured by optical lithography, has driven the computer revolution for four decades. If we are to continue to build complex systems of ever-smaller components, we must find a new technology that will allow massively parallel construction of electronic circuits at the atomic scale. To do so we must develop both the molecular electronics building blocks and CAD algorithms for such a reconfigurable technology.
Blueprint for a Pop-up SARS-CoV-2 Testing Lab (2020)

Abstract The appearance and spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) led to the official declaration of a global pandemic, with states in the US implementing shelter-in-place orders at an unprecedented scale. SARS-CoV-2 has a robust person-to-person transmission rate and an asymptomatic period of two weeks or more, leading to widespread infection that has overwhelmed healthcare infrastructures around the globe. Effective public health measures require extensive, accurate, and rapid testing to determine infection rates. Here we describe the strategy we used to establish a CLIA-licensed clinical laboratory to perform a validated Laboratory-Developed Test (LDT) for SARS-CoV-2 in Berkeley, California and the surrounding Bay Area community. Our procedures for implementing the technical, regulatory, and data management workstreams necessary for clinical sample processing provide a roadmap to aid others in setting up similar testing centers. Note on Nomenclature in accordance with established virology and infectious disease nomenclature, throughout this document we use “SARS-CoV-2” to refer to the viral agent causing infection and “COVID-19” to refer to the human infectious disease caused by that viral agent .
Ad5-vectored FMDV vaccine elicits antigen-specific CTL responses in swine. (43.10) (2010)

Abstract Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly infectious picornavirus that causes disease in cloven-hoofed animals. Neutralizing antibodies are thought to play a primary role in FMDV immunity, and their induction forms the basis for current vaccine approaches. However, the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in recovery and protection has remained largely unexplored. Immune evasion strategies of FMDV are predicted to impair the development of functional CTL assays. Specifically, virus encoded proteases inhibit expression of Class I MHC molecules by infected cells. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have analyzed the response to a recombinant, human Adenovirus 5 (huAd5) vectored, FMDV vaccine. Swine homozygous for MHC were vaccinated with a replication-defective huAd5 expressing the unprocessed capsid polyprotein of FMDV, strain A24. An MHC-matched cell line was used for antigen stimulation and as a source of target cells in cellular cytotoxicity assays. PBMCs from vaccinated animals were incubated with Ad5-infected target cells for 3-5 days. CD6+ T cells were isolated and mixed with Ad5-FMDV infected target cells. Antigen-specific killing was detected relative to control target cells. This suggests that vaccination with adenovirus vectored vaccine constructs can induce a functional CTL response against epitopes of FMDV in a MHC restricted manner.
Correlation diagrams for Hund's coupling cases in diatomic molecules with high rotational angular momentum (1994)

A diatomic molecule has in general three angular momenta: electronic orbital angular momentum L, electronic spin angular momentum S, and nuctear rotation angular momentum R. They couple together to form the total angular momentum J. Nuclear spin angular momentum I, if present, usually couples to J to form F, but this coupling is ignored in this paper. In general, L, S, and R are not conserved, whereas J is. We consider the limit J≫L, S, where angular momentum addition can be treated semiclassically. We present correlation diagrams that connect five limiting coupling cases (Hund's cases (a)-(e)) for a given value of J at a fixed internuclear separation r. The results pertain to bound states of a molecule as well as to two atoms ‘in collision’.
Interference (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
An Artificial Z-Scheme Constructed from Dye-Sensitized Metal Oxide Nanosheets for Visible Light-Driven Overall Water Splitting (2020)

Sensitization of a wide-gap oxide semiconductor with a visible-light-absorbing dye has been studied for decades as a means of producing H<sub>2</sub> from water. However, efficient overall water splitting using a dye-sensitized oxide photocatalyst has remained an unmet challenge. Here we demonstrate visible-light-driven overall water splitting into H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> using HCa<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub> nanosheets sensitized by a Ru(II) tris-diimine type photosensitizer, in combination with a WO<sub>3</sub>-based water oxidation photocatalyst and a triiodide/iodide redox couple. With the use of Pt-intercalated HCa<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub> nanosheets further modified with amorphous Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> clusters as the H<sub>2</sub> evolution component, the dye-based turnover number and frequency for H<sub>2</sub> evolution reached 4580 and 1960 h<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The apparent quantum yield for overall water splitting using 420 nm light was 2.4%, by far the highest among dye-sensitized overall water splitting systems reported to date. The present work clearly shows that a carefully designed dye/oxide hybrid has great potential for photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> production, and represents a significant leap forward in the development of solar-driven water splitting systems.
Abstract 1514: The Warburg effect in stromal cells drives breast cancer cell plasticity via interleukin 6 (2012)

Abstract Background: Intra-tumoral heterogeneity is an emerging concept in breast cancer biology. This concept entails the notion that sub-populations within the tumor possess different biologic features and hence vary in sensitivity to therapies. The inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha (ER), a hormone based therapy (HT), is a successful therapy for luminal A breast cancer patients. However, HT resistance, due to a variety of factors such as the tumor microenvironment, plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression. Genetic alterations in the stromal fibroblasts, such as deficiency for the tumor-suppressors (TP53 and pRB) within the tumor microenvironment, are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Hypothesis: We propose that stromal cells promote the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in luminal A breast cancer. We developed an in vivo model to study the crosstalk between bone marrow stromal cells (HS27) immortalized with human papilloma virus (HPV) E6 onco-protein and a luminal A breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Results: Here we report that HS27 cells secrete high amounts of IL-6, which operates in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Paracrine IL-6 from HS27 cells contributes to MCF-7 cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. Autocrine IL-6 drives anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and produces high levels of lactate and H+ from HS27 cells. High levels of IL-6 and lactate from the conditioned media of HS27 cells promote the expansion of a MCF-7 cells sub-population expressing high levels of lactate shuttle MCT-1 and low levels of ER. This cancer cell population exhibits invasive and metastatic potential. Finally, we show that HPV DNA positive breast cancer lesions are more biologically aggressive, and express higher levels of IL-6, than negative ones. Conclusion: This study highlights that tumor microenvironment stressors (viral infections and oncogenes) promote a complex metabolic crosstalk (anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation) between stroma and cancer cells, ultimately sustaining cancer progression. Grant support: DOD W81XWH-10-1-1033 to PS, NIH R01 CA87637 to JB, PRIN KTRN38 2008 to MB Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1514. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1514
The meal Maketh the Microglia: Why studying microglial phagocytosis is critical to stroke research (2023)

Different combinations of microglial phagocytic receptors and engulfed cellular debris produce specialized microglial phenotypes that influence stroke injury and repair. (A) Microglial phagocytosis increases rapidly after ischemic stroke. (B) Microglia express a variety of engulfment receptors that bind to cellular debris resulting from cell death, which can take different forms such as apoptotic (pink) or necrotic (blue) as well as in different cell types such as neutrophils (orange) or neuronal and glial cells (not depicted). (C) Signaling cascades specific to a certain receptor or type of engulfed material culminate in differential regulation of mediators that influence inflammation and regeneration, impacting injury progression and recovery. The schematic was created with BioRender.com . • Microglial phagocytosis of dying cells increases after stroke and plays a major role in injury progression and repair. • Receptor diversity and how receptor-debris pairings modulate microglial function are understudied topics in stroke. • Phagocytosis alters pro- and anti-inflammatory gene network activation in microglia. • Differences between phagocytic pathways may reveal mechanistic insight and microglial-targeted therapeutics.
Battery Management Using Secondary Loads: A Novel Integrated Approach (2014)

Large lithium-ion battery systems for electric vehicle and stationary storage applications use from tens to hundreds of series-connected cells. In this paper we present an advanced integrated management structure and method that uses intelligent switching to balance series-connected cells. Our analysis shows that using this approach can increase the useful system capacity by upwards of 7% compared to conventional active or passive balancing systems by fully utilising cells with different capacities. The battery system efficiency in an electric vehicle has also been shown to increase by up to 3% compared to conventional systems. Further advantages of integrated balancing include simultaneous integration of both primary and secondary power loads or sources, as well as robustness to individual cell failure. This indicates significant potential for implementation in future lithium-ion battery packs.
Compaction Agent Protection of Nucleic Acids during Mechanical Lysis (2006)

Mechanical lysis is an efficient and widely used method of liberating the contents of microbial cells, but the sensitivity of large nucleic acids to shear damage has prevented the application of mechanical lysis to DNA purification. It is demonstrated that polycationic compaction agents can protect DNA from shear damage and allow chromosomal and plasmid DNA purification by mechanical lysis. In addition to being substantially protected during mechanical lysis, the compacted DNA can be separated with the insoluble cell debris, washed, and selectively resolubilized, yielding a substantially purified DNA product. An additional benefit of this method is that lysate viscosity is greatly reduced, allowing the use of much smaller processing volumes when compared with traditional lysis methods used in nucleic acid purification.
Safety and efficacy of venoplasty in MS (2018)

This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with MS, balloon venoplasty of extracranial jugular and azygous veins is not beneficial in improving patient-reported, standardized clinical, or MRI outcomes.
Online Learning in Supply-Chain Games (2022)

We study a repeated game between a supplier and a retailer who want to maximize their respective profits without full knowledge of the problem parameters. After characterizing the uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium of the stage game with complete information, we show that even with partial knowledge of the joint distribution of demand and production costs, natural learning dynamics guarantee convergence of the joint strategy profile of supplier and retailer to the Stackelberg equilibrium of the stage game. We also prove finite-time bounds on the supplier's regret and asymptotic bounds on the retailer's regret, where the specific rates depend on the type of knowledge preliminarily available to the players. In the special case when the supplier is not strategic (vertical integration), we prove optimal finite-time regret bounds on the retailer's regret (or, equivalently, the social welfare) when costs and demand are adversarially generated and the demand is censored.