gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies. (2026)

Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg ], twin-based = 0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge eating, AN without binge eating, and a bulimia nervosa factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Total study sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2400 to ~537 000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg = 0.18; false discovery rate q = 0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg = 0.23; q &lt; 0.0001), and cannabis initiation and AN with binge eating (rg = 0.27; q = 0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three nondiagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge eating (rgs = -0.19 to -0.23; qs &lt; 0.04). The genetic correlation between AUD and AN was no longer significant after co-varying for major depressive disorder loci. The patterns of association between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes highlights the potentially complex and substance-specific relationships among these behaviors.
Automatisierung im Life Cycle modularer Anlagen (2013)

In Verfahrenstechnik und Anlagenbau werden zunehmend Konzepte zur Standardisierung der Modularisierung diskutiert. Dies hat weitreichende Auswirkungen auf das Engineering und den Betrieb der Anlagen. Der textdata zeigt die Einflüsse eines modularen Anlagendesigns auf den Lebenszyklus einer Anlage von der Planung über den Betrieb bis zur Demontage. Grundlage der Ausführungen sind die Arbeiten des Namur Arbeitskreises 1.12 "Anforderungen an die Automatisierungstechnik durch die Modularisierung verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen".
Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Interleukin-6 Expression by Telmisartan Through Cross-Talk of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ With Nuclear Factor κB and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein-β (2009)

Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, was reported to be a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators have been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect, such as inhibition of cytokine production, it has not been determined whether telmisartan has such effects. We examined whether telmisartan inhibits expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, in vascular smooth muscle cells. Telmisartan, but not valsartan, attenuated IL-6 mRNA expression induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Telmisartan decreased TNF-alpha-induced IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Because suppression of IL-6 mRNA expression was prevented by pretreatment with GW9662, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma antagonist, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma may be involved in the process. Telmisartan suppressed IL-6 gene promoter activity induced by TNF-alpha. Deletion analysis suggested that the DNA segment between -150 bp and -27 bp of the IL-6 gene promoter that contains nuclear factor kappaB and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta sites was responsible for telmisartan suppression. Telmisartan attenuated TNF-alpha-induced nuclear factor kappaB- and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta-dependent gene transcription and DNA binding. Telmisartan also attenuated serum IL-6 level in TNF-alpha-infused mice and IL-6 production from rat aorta stimulated with TNF-alpha ex vivo. These data suggest that telmisartan may attenuate inflammatory process induced by TNF-alpha in addition to the blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Because both TNF-alpha and angiotensin II play important roles in atherogenesis through enhancement of vascular inflammation, telmisartan may be beneficial for treatment of not only hypertension but also vascular inflammatory change.
Thermal, Mechanical and Reliability assessment of Hybrid bonded wafers, bonded at 2.5μm pitch (2020)

In this paper we address the thermal, mechanical and reliability performance of wafer-to-wafer hybrid bonded CMOS wafers manufactured using standard 65nm technology. Proprietary chip design includes different test structures which enable assessment of hybrid interconnect yield and mechanical induced stress as well as thermal measurements with high spatial resolution. Different tests are conducted to reproduce thermo-mechanical stresses similar to the ones induced in flip-chip assemblies. The study, supported by the finite element simulations includes hot-spot thermal analysis where thermal resistance of hybrid interface is evaluated and the heat spreading effect in both wafers is compared.
Efficient code constructions for certain two-dimensional constraints (1999)

Efficient encoding algorithms are presented for two types of constraints on two-dimensional binary arrays. The first constraint considered is that of t-conservative arrays, where each row and each column has at least t transitions of the form '0'/spl rarr/'1' or '1'/spl rarr/'0.' The second constraint is that of two-dimensional DC-free arrays, where in each row and each column the number of '0's equals the number of '1's.
Amplification of information signals in chaotic masking (2002)

Abstract This paper considers chaotic masking and reports on the amplification of the information signal, which is observed in restoring the information signal, together with its mechanism. The systems considered in this paper are the R‐L‐Diode circuit, the Lorenz system, and the generalized Hopfield network. It is found that the result of restoration depends on the frequency of the information signal, and it is intended to account for the amplification phenomenon by examining the frequency characteristics of these systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 89–95, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1134
Assessing Methodologies to Synthesize α‐Sulfenylated Carbonyl Compounds by Green Chemistry Metrics (2020)

α-Sulfenylated carbonyl compounds are important both as active pharmaceutical ingredients and as intermediates in organic synthesis. Owing to their relevance in synthetic organic chemistry, this Minireview focuses on assessing the most relevant synthetic procedures based on green chemistry metrics. The Minireview starts with the traditional routes and then focuses on more recently developed methodologies. These routes include sulfenylating reagents using organocatalysis, cross-dehydrogenative couplings using in situ halogenations to prevent reactive intermediates in high concentrations, oxidative couplings using terminal oxidants such as DDQ or TEMPO, and redox-neutral couplings using transition metal catalysis. These methodologies have been evaluated on the basis of atom economy, E factor, and the safety and toxicity of the transformations and the solvents used. Besides using green metrics to evaluate these novel methodologies, the synthetic utility is also assessed with regard to the availability of starting materials and the generality of the reactions. This Minireview aims to inspire researchers to apply green assessments to other methodologies and also for them to take measures to increase the greenness of their developed transformations.
Performance evaluation of mid-IR vortex coronagraphs with centrally obscured segmented pupils (2015)

In its original design, the E-ELT/Metis instrument envisages a vortex coronagraph in the mid-IR regime for detection and characterization of exoplanets, with a contrast of 1e-4 at 2 lambda/D (~40 mas in L band). The AGPM (Annular Groove Phase Mask) is a vortex phase mask with impressive characteristics: small inner working angle, high throughput, achromaticity. A non-perfectly circular pupil and non-flat input wavefront result in a starlight leakage, degrading the performance of the vortex coronagraph. In this work, we present end-to-end performance simulations using Fourier optical propagation to determine the quality of the starlight rejection obtained with an infrared vortex coronagraph. We first analyse the performance facing E-ELT pupil variations (segmentations, central obscuration, spiders, missing segments), then pointing jitter and random adaptive optics residual phase screens are introduced to derive more realistic performance. Finally, more advanced concepts of the infrared vortex coronagraph are presented, in order to compensate for performance degradation.
Diversion of HIV-1 vaccine–induced immunity by gp41-microbiota cross-reactive antibodies (2015)

An HIV-1 DNA prime vaccine, with a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) boost, failed to protect from HIV-1 acquisition. We studied the nature of the vaccine-induced antibody (Ab) response to HIV-1 envelope (Env). HIV-1-reactive plasma Ab titers were higher to Env gp41 than to gp120, and repertoire analysis demonstrated that 93% of HIV-1-reactive Abs from memory B cells responded to Env gp41. Vaccine-induced gp41-reactive monoclonal antibodies were non-neutralizing and frequently polyreactive with host and environmental antigens, including intestinal microbiota (IM). Next-generation sequencing of an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region repertoire before vaccination revealed an Env-IM cross-reactive Ab that was clonally related to a subsequent vaccine-induced gp41-reactive Ab. Thus, HIV-1 Env DNA-rAd5 vaccine induced a dominant IM-polyreactive, non-neutralizing gp41-reactive Ab repertoire response that was associated with no vaccine efficacy.
Force-deflection characterization of individual carbon nanotubes attached to MEMS devices (2004)

Results are presented for in-situ manipulation, attachment, and mechanical testing of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on MEMS devices. Nanotubes positioned onto polysilicon structures were permanently attached by electron beam deposition (EBD) "welding". This approach allows design of mechanical tests for nanotubes with commercially available MEMS processes. A tensile force of 2.4 +/-0.2 /spl mu/N was applied to the structure via an attached, individual CNT, producing device deflections measured in a scanning electron microscope. Based on atomic force microscopy of welds, the joint between the EBD material and MEMS surface supported a shear stress of 1.6 +/-0.5 MPa.
TheMUC5Bpromoter polymorphism is associated with specific interstitial lung abnormality subtypes (2017)

The <i>MUC5B</i> promoter polymorphism (rs35705950) has been associated with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) in white participants from the general population; whether these findings are replicated and influenced by the ILA subtype is not known. We evaluated the associations between the <i>MUC5B</i> genotype and ILA in cohorts with extensive imaging characterisation.We performed ILA phenotyping and <i>MUC5B</i> promoter genotyping in 5308 and 9292 participants from the AGES-Reykjavik and COPDGene cohorts, respectively.We found that ILA was present in 7% of participants from the AGES-Reykjavik, 8% of non-Hispanic white participants from COPDGene and 7% of African-American participants from COPDGene. Although the <i>MUC5B</i> genotype was strongly associated (after correction for multiple testing) with ILA (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.4, p=1×10<sup>-26</sup>), there was evidence of significant heterogeneity between cohorts (I<sup>2</sup>=81%). When narrowed to specific radiologic subtypes, (<i>e.g.</i> subpleural ILA), the <i>MUC5B</i> genotype remained strongly associated (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.2-3.1, p=1×10<sup>-30</sup>) with minimal heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>=0%). Although there was no evidence that the <i>MUC5B</i> genotype influenced survival, there was evidence that <i>MUC5B</i> genotype improved risk prediction for possible usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) or a UIP pattern in non-Hispanic white populations.The <i>MUC5B</i> promoter polymorphism is strongly associated with ILA and specific radiologic subtypes of ILA, with varying degrees of heterogeneity in the underlying populations.
Corneal permeability of ketorolac tromethamine when formulated with tobramycin (1989)

In vitro rabbit corneal penetration studies were designed to determine the effect tobramycin (an antibiotic) has on the diffusion of ketorolac tromethamine (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound). Evaluation was performed in two vehicle solutions: (1) a simple sodium chloride vehicle and (11) a suitable ophthalmic formulation. Quantitation of both ketorolac tromethamine and tobramycin were performed to determine the corneal penetration of each drug. Tobramycin was found to penetrate rabbit cornea to a limited extent. Also, tobramycin proved neither to impede nor enhance ketorolac's corneal diffusion. Both compounds showed greater penetration in an ophthalmic formulation, presumably due to the effects of the preservative, benzalkonium chloride (a quaternary ammonium compound)—known for disrupting corneal integrity.
Mixed Potential Type  NO  x Sensor Based on Stabilized Zirconia and Oxide Electrode (1996)

A new solid‐state sensor operative at high temperature was designed using stabilized zirconia and an oxide sensing electrode. Among the various oxides examined, was found to be the most excellent material for sensing at 500°C. The EMF values of the sensor were almost linear to the logarithm of concentration with a positive slope for and a negative slope for NO. A, sensing mechanism involving mixed potential was proposed based on the measurements of polarization curves.
NAD- and NADPH-Contributing Enzymes as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer: An Overview (2020)

Actively proliferating cancer cells require sufficient amount of NADH and NADPH for biogenesis and to protect cells from the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species. As both normal and cancer cells share the same NAD biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, selectively lowering levels of NAD(H) and NADPH would be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate limiting enzyme of the NAD salvage pathway, affects the NAD and NADPH pool. Similarly, lowering NADPH by mutant <i>isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2</i> (<i>IDH1/2</i>) which produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), an oncometabolite that downregulates nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) via hypermethylation on the promoter region, results in epigenetic regulation. NADPH is used to generate D-2HG, and is also needed to protect dihydrofolate reductase, the target for methotrexate, from degradation. NAD and NADPH pools in various cancer types are regulated by several metabolic enzymes, including methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Thus, targeting NAD and NADPH synthesis under special circumstances is a novel approach to treat some cancers. This article provides the rationale for targeting the key enzymes that maintain the NAD/NADPH pool, and reviews preclinical studies of targeting these enzymes in cancers.
Thermal analysis of an indirectly heat pulsed non-volatile phase change material microwave switch (2014)

We show the finite element simulation of the melt/quench process in a phase change material (GeTe, germanium telluride) used for a radio frequency switch. The device is thermally activated by an independent NiCrSi (nickel chrome silicon) thin film heating element beneath a dielectric separating it electrically from the phase change layer. A comparison is made between the predicted and experimental minimum power to amorphize (MPA) for various thermal pulse powers and pulse time lengths. By including both the specific heat and latent heat of fusion for GeTe, we find that the MPA and the minimum power to crystallize follow the form of a hyperbola on the power time effect plot. We also find that the simulated time at which the entire center GeTe layer achieves melting accurately matches the MPA curve for pulse durations ranging from 75–1500 ns and pulse powers from 1.6–4 W.
<title>Cryogenic GaAs JFETs</title> (1994)

Gallium arsenide junction field-effect transistors (GaAs JFETs) are promising for deep cryogenic (&lt; 10 K) readout electronics applications. This paper presents the structure and fabrication of GaAs (JFETs) and their performance at 4 K. It is shown that these JFETs operate normally at 4 K, with no anomalous behavior such as kinks or hysteresis. The noise voltage follows a 1/(root)f dependence and is approximately 1 (mu) v/(root)Hz at 1 Hz for a ring JFET that is 1250 micrometers in circumference and 20 micrometers long. The gate leakage current reaches 1 pA at a gate voltage of -6 V, and increases exponentially at approximately 1 decade per volt. The noise is within the limits of the requirements for typical VLWIR readout applications; the extrapolated gate leakage current at typical operating biases is higher than the required limit by two orders of magnitude. Planned improvements to reduce the leakage current are discussed.
An Implantable Battery System for a Continuous Automatic Distraction Device for Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis (2010)

Distraction osteogenesis is a method of generating new bone formation by the gradual application of tensile stress across an osteotomy site (a complete cut through the bone). Internal or intraoral distraction devices have become the most common clinical apparatus in craniofacial distraction osteogenesis, although actuating the distraction devices relies upon manual length adjustment under patients’ compliance, introducing inconvenience and potential error in the procedure. To realize a fully implantable automatic distraction device, we propose a device design comprising a continuous miniature motor-driven distractor with a controller and an on-board lithium-ion battery. A benchtop prototype was fabricated to demonstrate the device’s structural design capable of transmitting sufficient loads with sufficient strain accuracy; it is capable of using a battery selection algorithm to determine an appropriate electrochemistry, temperature, sealability, and form factor and a control algorithm and a testing protocol with a laboratory-fabricated control circuit. This new distraction osteogenesis device enables completely automated and continuous distraction by the application of a low strain magnitude with multiple steps potentially leading to enhanced osteogenic activity.
Intestinal inflammation induces genotoxicity to extraintestinal tissues and cell types in mice (2011)

Chronic intestinal inflammation leads to increased risk of colorectal and small intestinal cancers and is also associated with extraintestinal manifestations such as lymphomas, other solid cancers and autoimmune disorders. We have previously found that acute and chronic intestinal inflammation causes DNA damage to circulating peripheral leukocytes, manifesting a systemic effect in genetically and chemically induced models of intestinal inflammation. Our study addresses the scope of tissue targets and genotoxic damage induced by inflammation-associated genotoxicity. Using several experimental models of intestinal inflammation, we analyzed various types of DNA damage in leukocyte subpopulations of the blood, spleen, mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes and in intestinal epithelial cells, hepatocytes and the brain. Genotoxicity in the form of DNA single- and double-stranded breaks accompanied by oxidative base damage was found in leukocyte subpopulations of the blood, diverse lymphoid organs, intestinal epithelial cells and hepatocytes. The brain did not demonstrate significant levels of DNA double-stranded breaks as measured by γ-H2AX immunostaining. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells were most sensitive to DNA damage versus other cell types in the peripheral blood. In vivo measurements and in vitro modeling suggested that genotoxicity was induced by increased levels of systemically circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, genotoxicity involved increased damage rather than reduced repair, as it is not associated with decreased expression of the DNA double-strand break recognition and repair protein, ataxia telangiectasia mutated. These findings suggest that levels of intestinal inflammation contribute to the remote tissue burden of genotoxicity, with potential effects on nonintestinal diseases and cancer.
Opinion mining on the web by extracting subject-aspect-evaluation relations (2006)

This paper addresses the task of extracting opinions from a given document collection. Assuming that an opinion can be represented as a tuple hSubject, Aspect, Evaluationi, we propose a computational method to ex-tract such tuples from texts. In this method, the main task is decomposed into (a) the process of extracting Aspect-Evaluation pairs from a given text and (b) the process of judging whether an extracted pair expresses an opinion of the author. We apply machine-learning techniques to both subtasks. We also report on the re-sults of our experiments and discuss future directions.
Correlates and Predictors of Mothers’ Adaptation and Trauma Symptoms Following the Unveiling of the Sexual Abuse of Their Child (2018)

Child sexual abuse (CSA) can severely affect the mental health of children and their parents. While correlates of recovery have been documented in children, factors exacerbating parents' adaptation to their child's unveiling of CSA deserves further attention. Parents' history of abuse has been inconsistently identified as a predictor of their distress in reaction to their child's abuse disclosure. This study proposes a mediation model that explores various processes underlying mother's psychological distress (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], dissociation, and their comorbidity) following their children's unveiling of CSA. It investigates the influence of mother's own CSA, as well as of her exposure to additional forms of past and current victimization, on her reaction to the child's CSA disclosure, while considering coping mechanisms as mediators (avoidance, problem solving, search for social support, and feeling of guilt). Data were collected through self-report measures completed by 298 mothers of children who had recently disclosed CSA. Path analyses revealed that mother's exposure to interparental violence as a child acted as a primary predictor of dissociation and of its comorbidity with PTSD, while a history of CSA was directly and exclusively linked to dissociation. Being exposed to recent partner violence was indirectly related to trauma symptoms, with coping mechanisms acting as mediators. This study outlines the relationship between mother's psychological distress and her cumulative, past, and current exposure to various forms of victimization. Exposure to interparental violence as a child represents a particularly important factor for identifying mothers most in need of support, as it is a significant predictor of dissociation and of its comorbidity with PTSD.