gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Late Results of the Warm Heart Trial (2000)

Background —The Warm Heart Trial randomized 1732 CABG patients to receive warm or cold blood cardioplegia. In the warm cardioplegia patients, nonfatal perioperative cardiac events were significantly decreased and the mortality rate was nonsignificantly decreased (1.4% versus 2.5%, P =0.12). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the late results of these trial patients. Methods and Results —Randomization was stratified according to surgeon and urgency of the operation. Seven hundred sixty-two patients recruited from 1 of the centers were followed through the hospital clinic for late events. Late survival (including perioperative deaths) at 72 months was nonsignificantly greater in the warm cardioplegia patients (94.5±1.7%, mean±SEM) than in the cold cardioplegia patients (90.9±2.6%). Independent predictors of mortality by Cox proportional hazards model were redo CABG, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, and increasing age. The influence of nonfatal perioperative events (perioperative myocardial infarction according to computerized ECG readings or low output syndrome as determined by an outcome committee) on late survival was also analyzed. Late survival at 84 months was significantly reduced in the group who experienced nonfatal perioperative outcomes (94.5±1.7% versus 84.9±4.5%, P &lt;0.001) and remained a significant predictor after adjustment for other important variables (risk ratio 6.4, 95% CI 1.87 to 8.73, P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions —Effective myocardial protection through either cold or warm blood cardioplegia is essential, because late survival is significantly reduced in patients with nonfatal perioperative cardiac outcomes.
A robot control application with neural networks (2002)

An artificial neural network's inherent nonlinearity gives some advantages to their use on different kinds of problems including those in the control engineering arena. The learning of inverse dynamics with neural networks is an example of robot control applications. The dynamics of nonlinear systems vary with their parameters, and, in some cases, determining a single global model of the plant dynamics can be a very difficult problem. Designing piecewise control laws are useful methods to overcome this problem. In robotics, increasing the degree of freedom and working range of each link directly creates more complex dynamics. The structure of a multilayer perceptron is dependent on the controlled plant and, for more complex systems, large networks are required and this increases the real time calculations of robot control. For the proposed scheme, in order to decrease the real time calculations, the working range of the robot is divided into several regions and, for every region, a separate neural network is used. Instead of learning whole dynamics with one large network, using this kind of strategy, one divides the complexity of the dynamics to small networks. In real time control, this piecewise or regional neural network structure is used together with a PD controller.
Targeted Adversarial Perturbations for Monocular Depth Prediction (2020)

We study the effect of adversarial perturbations on the task of monocular depth prediction. Specifically, we explore the ability of small, imperceptible additive perturbations to selectively alter the perceived geometry of the scene. We show that such perturbations can not only globally re-scale the predicted distances from the camera, but also alter the prediction to match a different target scene. We also show that, when given semantic or instance information, perturbations can fool the network to alter the depth of specific categories or instances in the scene, and even remove them while preserving the rest of the scene. To understand the effect of targeted perturbations, we conduct experiments on state-of-the-art monocular depth prediction methods. Our experiments reveal vulnerabilities in monocular depth prediction networks, and shed light on the biases and context learned by them.
Investigation of the Impact of Power Granularity on Chip Thermal Modeling Using White Noise Analysis (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the granularity of the power distribution for accurately predicting semiconductor chip temperature fields. Specifically, we calculate the transfer functions between power distributions and resulting temperature maps for various microprocessor packages and cooling conditions, which establish a minimum granularity required for accurate thermal analysis. The purpose of this paper is twofold: First, we like to provide some general guidelines for the impact of different power granularities on the global chip temperatures and second we intend to spike a broader discussion about to which extent small heating effects can affect chip temperatures for circuits under full operation. As such this work is not only beneficial for package and cooling solution engineering but is also important to circuit designers and computer architects in their battle against hotspots in microprocessors.
The M-Machine multicomputer (1995)

The M-Machine is an experimental multicomputer being developed to test architectural concepts motivated by the constraints of modern semiconductor technology and the demands of programming systems. The M-Machine computing nodes are connected with a 3-D mesh network; each node is a multithreaded processor incorporating 12 function units, on-chip cache, and local memory. The multiple function units are used to exploit both instruction-level and thread-level parallelism. A user accessible message passing system yields fast communication and synchronization between nodes. Rapid access to remote memory is provided transparently to the user with a combination of hardware and software mechanisms. This paper presents the architecture of the M-Machine and describes how its mechanisms attempt to maximize both single thread performance and overall system throughput. The architecture is complete and the MAP chip, which will serve as the M-Machine processing node, is currently being implemented.
Visual Information Sensing Technology. Motion Adaptive Image Sensor. (1997)

We propose a motion adaptive sensor for image enhancement and for a wide dynamic range. The motion adaptive sensor is able to control integration time pixel by pixel. The integration time of each pixel is controlled by saturation and temporal changes caused by detected incident light. By controlling the integration time, we can expect a high temporal resolution in the moving area, a high SNR in the static area, and a wide dynamic range. In this paper, we present a design and an implementation of the proposed sensor based on column parallel architecture. By using this column parallel architecture, integration of processing does not significantly sacrifice fill factor and power dissipation. We have fabricated a prototype using the CMOS 1.0 pm process and we show the results of our experiments.
Color tuning of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine-2,7-dicarbonitrile-derived thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters from yellow to deep-red (2020)

A molecular design approach for synthesizing color-tunable and high-efficiency TADF emitters in the long-wavelength region was developed.
One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Using ZnCl2, CuCl2, NiCl2 and CoCl2 Doped Hydroxyapatite (2005)

Hydroxyapatite doped with ZnCl2, CuCl2, NiCl2 and CoCl2 efficiently catalyses the three components Biginelli reaction between an aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea in refluxing toluene to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones in high yields. Keywords: biginelli reaction, heterogeneous catalysis, dihydropyrimidinones, hydroxyapatite, lewis acids
Supplemental Dataset 3 from AXL Inhibition Sensitizes Mesenchymal Cancer Cells to Antimitotic Drugs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Dataset 3. Tumor cell line profile of docetaxel in combination with R428&lt;/p&gt;
Genome-Wide Approach to the CD4 T-Cell Response to Human Herpesvirus 6B (2019)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are population-prevalent betaherpesviruses with intermittent lytic replication that can be pathogenic in immunocompromised hosts. Elucidation of the adaptive immune response is valuable for understanding pathogenesis and designing novel treatments. Knowledge of T-cell antigens has reached the genome-wide level for CMV and other human herpesviruses, but study of HHV-6 is at an earlier stage. Using rare-cell enrichment combined with an HLA-agnostic, proteome-wide approach, we queried HHV-6B-specific CD4 T cells from 18 healthy donors with each known HHV-6B protein. We detected a low abundance of HHV-6-specific CD4 T cells in blood; however, the within-person CD4 T-cell response is quite broad: the median number of open reading frame (ORF) products recognized was nine per person. Overall, the data expand the number of documented HHV-6B CD4 T-cell antigens from approximately 11 to 60. Epitopes in the proteins encoded by U14, U90, and U95 were mapped with synthetic peptides, and HLA restriction was defined for some responses. Intriguingly, CD4 T-cell antigens newly described in this report are among the most population prevalent, including U73, U72, U95, and U30. Our results indicate that selection of HHV-6B ORFs for immunotherapy should consider this expanded panel of HHV-6B antigens.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Human herpesvirus 6 is highly prevalent and maintains chronic infection in immunocompetent individuals, with the potential to replicate widely in settings of immunosuppression, leading to clinical disease. Antiviral compounds may be ineffective and/or pose dose-limiting toxicity, and therefore, immune-based therapies have garnered increased interest in recent years. Attempts at addressing this unmet medical need begin with understanding the cellular response to HHV-6 at the individual and population levels. The present study provides a comprehensive assessment of HHV-6-specific T-cell responses that may inform the development of cell-based therapies directed at this virus.
The development of a staphylococcus aureus four antigen vaccine for use prior to elective orthopedic surgery (2018)

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a challenging bacterial pathogen which can cause a range of diseases, from mild skin infections, to more serious and invasive disease including deep or organ space surgical site infections, life-threatening bacteremia, and sepsis. S. aureus rapidly develops resistance to antibiotic treatments. Despite current infection control measures, the burden of disease remains high. The most advanced vaccine in clinical development is a 4 antigen S. aureus vaccine (SA4Ag) candidate that is being evaluated in a phase 2b/3 efficacy study in patients undergoing elective spinal fusion surgery (STaphylococcus aureus suRgical Inpatient Vaccine Efficacy [STRIVE]). SA4Ag has been shown in early phase clinical trials to be generally safe and well tolerated, and to induce high levels of bactericidal antibodies in healthy adults. In this review we discuss the design of SA4Ag, as well as the proposed clinical development plan supporting licensure of SA4Ag for the prevention of invasive disease caused by S. aureus in elective orthopedic surgical populations. We also explore the rationale for the generalizability of the results of the STRIVE efficacy study (patients undergoing elective open posterior multilevel instrumented spinal fusion surgery) to a broad elective orthopedic surgery population due to the common pathophysiology of invasive S. aureus disease and commonalties of patient and procedural risk factors for developing postoperative S. aureus surgical site infections.
C–C coupling of activated alkanes with carbon dioxide by iridium and rhodium complexes: synthesis and crystallographic characterization of [H2Ir(PMe3)4]+[O2CCH(CN2]– (1986)

A. Behr, E. Herdtweck, W. A. Herrmann, W. Keim and W. Kipshagen, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 1262 DOI: 10.1039/C39860001262
Spatio-temporal imaging of light transport in strongly scattering media (2016)

We report on the passive measurement of time-dependent Green's functions in the optical frequency domain with low-coherence interferometry. Inspired by previous studies in acoustics and seismology, we show how the mutual coherence function of a broadband and incoherent wave-field can directly yield the Green's functions between scatterers of a complex medium. Both the ballistic and multiple scattering components of the Green's function are retrieved. This simple and powerful approach directly yields a wealth of information about the medium under investigation. In particular, it allows to investigate locally the growth of the diffusive halo within the scattering medium. Local measurements of transport parameters can thus be performed and allow to image a strongly scattering layer with a unprecedented resolution of a few transport mean free paths. This constitutes a major breakthrough compared to state-of-the-art techniques such as optical diffuse tomography.
Comparison of Nondiabetic Retinal Findings Identified With Nonmydriatic Fundus Photography vs Ultrawide Field Imaging in an Ocular Telehealth Program (2016)

In eyes without diabetic retinopathy, approximately 20% may have ocular findings identified on retinal imaging, which emphasizes the role of retinal imaging in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 regardless of the severity of retinopathy. In this cohort, UWFI increased the identification of peripheral retinal and vitreous pathologic findings.
Broad-Spectrum Chemokine Inhibition Reduces Vascular Macrophage Accumulation and Collagenolysis Consistent with Plaque Stabilization in Mice (2005)

Strategies, such as chemokine inhibition, to attenuate macrophage accumulation may therefore be useful to promote stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.
Discovery of the CCR1 Antagonist, BMS-817399, for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2014)

High-affinity, functionally potent, urea-based antagonists of CCR1 have been discovered. Modulation of PXR transactivation has revealed the selective and orally bioavailable CCR1 antagonist BMS-817399 (29), which entered clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Field-oriented control of induction motors based on a MC68322 microcontroller (2005)

Induction machines are very competitive in price and maintainability when compared to PM machines and DC machines. Therefore, many induction machines are used for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. While it is relatively easy to control an induction machine at high speeds, it is difficult to control the speed and torque of an induction machine at low speeds. With field-oriented control, an induction machine can perform somewhat like a DC machine. This paper demonstrates the theory and implementation of field-oriented control of an induction machine. A mathematical model was developed. Special considerations were given to the flux observer and the implementation of PI controller. A control system was implemented on a 650W prototype induction motor to confirm the proposed method.
Theory of the perfect lens (2011)

We design a model negative index metamaterial (NIM) based on Mie resonances in cylinders with positive permittivity ($\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$) and permeability (\ensuremath{\mu}). In the effective medium theory (EMT) the composite is a homogeneous material with $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$ $=$ \ensuremath{\mu} $=$ \ensuremath{-}1. Transmission of plane waves through a flat lens composed of the NIM is calculated using both EMT and a microscopic model that preserves the NIM's internal structure and is further used to predict the image profile of a point-light source. By comparing both results with fully vectorial simulations, we find that EMT significantly overestimates the range of evanescent waves that can be recovered by the NIM because of neglect of its microstructure. We discuss the implications of this result in constructing a perfect lens and on our understanding of artificially engineered metamaterials.
2 × 2 and 4 × 4 arrays of annular slot antennas in MCM-D technology fed by coplanar CPW networks (1999)

The paper reports on the first realisation of planar antenna arrays in the MCM-D technology fed by coplanar feeding networks built using CPW lines. 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 arrays of square annular slots designed to work in the Ka-band, around 26.8 GHz, are presented. The analysis was carried out both theoretically and experimentally. The results include the return loss, the radiation patterns and the antenna gain. The proposed arrays are compatible with driving electronics technology, enjoying high impedance bandwidth, low cross polarisation and high radiation efficiency.
Triethylene glycol, an active component of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) leaves, is responsible for sleep induction (2017)

Insomnia is the most common sleep complaint which occurs due to difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining it. Most of currently available drugs for insomnia develop dependency and/or adverse effects. Hence natural therapies could be an alternative choice of treatment for insomnia. The root or whole plant extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) has been used to induce sleep in Indian system of traditional home medicine, Ayurveda. However, its active somnogenic components remain unidentified. We investigated the effect of various components of Ashwagandha leaf on sleep regulation by oral administration in mice. We found that the alcoholic extract that contained high amount of active withanolides was ineffective to induce sleep in mice. However, the water extract which contain triethylene glycol as a major component induced significant amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep with slight change in rapid eye movement sleep. Commercially available triethylene glycol also increased non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice in a dose-dependent (10-30 mg/mouse) manner. These results clearly demonstrated that triethylene glycol is an active sleep-inducing component of Ashwagandha leaves and could potentially be useful for insomnia therapy.
The Physical Significance of Mercury Porosity Hysteresis in the Characterization of Calcined Precipitated Alumina (2006)

Abstract Activated alumina, for application as a catalyst support or as an adsorbent, is often obtained industrially via calcination of precipitated aluminum oxide hydrate. Its preparation conditions depend on the ultimate application, which, in turn, dictates its target specifications, e.g., surface area (SA), total pore volume (PV), pore size distribution (PSD) and density. Invariably, some method of porosity characterization is required periodically during manufacture for process control and at the final stage of alumina certification. Although gas and vapor adsorption methods were common in the early days of alumina production, mercury porosimetry (MP) has become the technique of choice in the past 30 years. MP provides valuable information about the meso‐ and macro‐pore structure of the alumina but the hysteresis, seen in each analysis, has been difficult to interpret. In this work the MP porosity of a wide variety of calcined aluminas is contrasted with thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses of the source aluminum oxide hydrates and the precipitation and activation conditions, which generated the aluminas in an attempt to better understand the hysteresis phenomenon. The results imply a “connectivity”, or internal structure, explanation for MP hysteresis in calcined aluminas.
Spotted (2016)

Being able to react fast to exceptional events such as riots protests or disaster preventions is of paramount importance, especially when trying to ensure peoples' safety and security, or even save lives. This chapter presents a study on the use of fully anonymized and highly aggregated cellular network data, like Call Detail Records (CDRs) in order to connect people, locations and events. The goal of the study is to see if the CDR data can be used to detect exceptional spatio-temporal patterns of the collective human mobile data usage and correlate these ‘anomalies' with real-world events (e.g., parades, public concerts, soccer match, traffic congestion, riots protests etc.). These observations could be further used to develop an intelligent system that detects exceptional events in real-time from CDRs data monitoring. Such system could be used in intelligent transportation management, urban planning, emergency situations, network resource allocation and performance optimization, etc.
A 0.5-V 1-Msample/s 60-dB SNDR Track-and-Hold Circuit (2006)

A 0.5V 1Msps track-and-hold (T/H) circuit with a 60dB SNDR is presented. The fully-differential circuit is implemented in a 0.25mum CMOS technology, with standard 0.6V V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> devices, and uses true low voltage design techniques i.e. with no clock and no voltage boosting
Branched-chain and dendritic lipids for nanoparticles (2016)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for drug-delivery applications are largely derived from natural lipids. Synthetic lipids, particularly those incorporating branched hydrocarbons and hyper-branched hydrocarbon architectures, may afford enhanced lipophilicity with enhanced fluidity and thereby lead to LNP stabilization. Hydrocarbon anchors based on serinol diesters were prepared from linear C n (n = 14, 16, 18) and branched (n = 16) acids with Boc-protected serinol. These diesters were further dimerized on an iminodiacetamide backbone to provide eight branched-chain and dendritic lipid anchors. Derivatization of these core structures provided eight PEG-lipids and seven thiopurine linked lipid–drug conjugates. LNPs were prepared by microfluidic mixing from mixed lipids in ethanol diluted into aqueous media. The lipid–drug conjugates incorporated 5 mol% of a phosphocholine and 5 mol% of a commercial PEG-lipid to form LNPs with a thiopurine drug loading of 15 wt%. The PEG–lipids prepared were formulated at 1.5 mol% as a surface stabilizer to LNPs containing dsDNA lipoplexes. The stability of the LNPs was assessed under different storage conditions through monitoring of particle size. For both LNPs from lipid–thiopurine conjugates and the PEG-lipid systems, there is strong preliminary evidence that hydrocarbon branching results in LNP stabilization. Four of the lipid–drug conjugate formulations were stable to cell culture conditions (10% serum, 37 °C) and the toxicity of these LNPs was assessed in two cell lines relative to the free thiopurines in the medium. The observed toxicity is consistent with cellular uptake of the LNPs and reductive release of the cargo thiopurine within the cell.
Illuminant Invariant Chromaticity Distribution Coding Using the Fourier Power Spectrum (2004)

We have previously shown that log-opponent chromaticity distribution histograms provide an effective and perceptually relevant method of coding the colour content of an image. In this space, constant object or scene colours are separated from the variable illumination colour. Variation in illuminant colour, known to cause indexing to fail, is modelled as a translation within the log-opponent chromaticity space coordinate. In effect, the distribution shape remains constant, but translates within the coordinate system as illumination colour varies. We show that the Fourier Power Spectrum (FPS) captures the distribution shape in the frequency domain, and provides accurate illuminant invariant image indexing performance. Furthermore, the FPS can be effectively compressed down to a very small (8 value) match feature vector without affecting indexing accuracy. Results for the FPS method show some improvement over those from our earlier work on mean-centred log-opponent chromaticity distribution histograms.