gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Aerosol Performance Using Standardized Entrainment Tubes vs. Dry Powder Inhaler Devices (2021)

This paper reviews scientific understandings relevant to the dry powder inhaler (DPI) development including turbulent airflow characteristics in the inhaler, microparticle entrainment and deaggregation within the airflow and device. Using standardized entrainment tubes (SETs) and powder aerosol deaggregation equation (PADE), the aerosol performance profile in a shear stress range defined by SETs can be predicted. However, such predictions are based on the hypothesis that the shear stresses characterized from SETs are readily translatable to those of the DPIs’. Two selected model DPIs (Rotahaler and Aerolizer) with either gelatin or HPMC capsules were used to evaluate the FPF at the DPI shear stresses. The performance result using DPIs was close to the predicted FPF using SETs and PADE method. The application of SETs and PADE method can be used for performance prediction of these DPIs.
MP15-18 MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI OUTPERFORMS PSA VELOCITY FOR PATHOLOGIC PROGRESSION IN MEN ON ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR PROSTATE CANCER (2016)

pathologic reclassification (Gleason upgrade and/or volume progression); overall pooled HR 0.19 (95% CI 0.17-0.21), or PSA progression; overall pooled HR 0.03 (95% CI 0.02-0.04). Less common triggers included MRI progression or local symptomatic progression.
Wavelength (DE)MUX-and-Switch Based on 5.5%-Δ-Silica PLC/Silicon Photonics Hybrid Platform (2021)

Silicon-based optical media present several desirable properties for a wide range of applications. Herein, we propose a novel hybrid integration scheme that combines a silicon photonics platform and a 5.5%--silica planar-lightwave circuit (PLC) platform. By exploiting the performance advantages of each platform, we fabricated a polarization-insensitive low-crosstalk 8 8 silicon photonics switch butt-jointed with a compact 5.5%--silica PLC-based 100-GHz 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). The device was driven by a smartphone-sized (9 cm 13.5 cm) control board. The fabricated device exhibits a fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 12.6 dB, an average polarization-dependent loss of less than 0.57 dB, and less than -40 dB leakage to non-target output ports. We also demonstrate two uses of the proposed device. The first is the DEMUX and Switch operation, in which the spectrally divided light by the AWG is routed to an arbitrary output port by a subsequent switch. The second is the Switch and MUX operation, in which arbitrary wavelengths from arbitrary input ports are merged by the AWG. No spectral degradation was observed in either operation. These results demonstrate the potential of the 5.5%--PLC/silicon photonics hybrid platform for compact, low-power, and fast-switching applications.
Qualitative Evaluation of Proton Radiography for Viewing Density Differences in Lung Tumors: A Monte Carlo Study (2011)

Proton radiography is an imaging technique with potential application in proton radiation therapy. The ability of a proton radiograph to differentiate anatomical features in the thoracic region, such as heart, lung, rib cage, shoulder, etc., was qualitatively investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. A patient with a stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer tumor located in the right upper lobe and mediastinum was considered for this study. The GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit was used to simulate proton transport through a proton nozzle and through the lung area of the patient, registering in a phase-space file the entry and exit energy, position, and motion direction of each proton. The Monte Carlo simulation ran a total of 10 million histories with the highest deliverable energy of 235 MeV at the Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center. The proton radiograph was then generated independently of the Monte Carlo simulation, using a numerical algorithm to input the proton position, direction of motion, and energy kept in the entry and exit phase-space files. The proton radiograph was compared to the standard portal X-ray image for tissue and tumor contrast, and for visibility relative to the background lung tissue. The preliminary results with GEANT4 showed that the proton radiography can produce images with good spatial resolution and excellent soft tissue contrast, resulting in better tumor edge localization within a soft tissue background region such as the lung.
Identification and characterization of Serpulina pilosicoli isolates recovered from the blood of critically ill patients (1997)

The phenotypic and genetic characteristics of spirochetes isolated from the blood of one U.S. and six French patients with severe clinical disease or impaired immunity were examined. All spirochetes were anaerobic, weakly beta-hemolytic, positive for hippurate hydrolysis, and negative for beta-glucosidase activity. Cell lengths ranged from 4 to 8 microm, and each isolate had between 8 and 12 periplasmic flagella per cell. These features were consistent with the spirochetes' being Serpulina pilosicoli, the agent of intestinal spirochetosis. All isolates were positive in a PCR assay amplifying a portion of the S. pilosicoli 16S rRNA gene, and they all grouped with fecal isolates of S. pilosicoli in multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). The blood isolates could be differentiated from each other by MLEE, although the U.S. and two French isolates were closely related. Apparently S. pilosicoli may translocate from the large intestine to establish spirochetemia. The clinical significance of this finding remains uncertain and requires further investigation.
1H and 13C NMR investigation of conformational isomerism in amiodarone and derivatives (1987)

Abstract The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of amiodarone and several derivatives are reported and assigned. The hypothesis of an O‐trans to O‐cis conformational equilibrium in most of these molecules has been investigated by examining the 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts, and by NOE and LIS experiments, variable‐temperature NMR and IR spectroscopy. The assumed O‐trans/O‐cis equilibrium would be fast on the NMR time scale for amiodarone, which has no ortho substituents on the C‐3 benzoyl substituent. However, in the 2′,6′‐dibromobenzoyl derivatives, separate O‐trans and O‐cis conformers are observed at room temperature in the NMR spectrum in the ratio of ca 60:40, favouring the O‐trans conformer. The coalescence temperatures and activation energies (Δ G ) of the 2′,6′‐disubstituted compounds are obtained; the activation energy increases with the size of the ortho substituents but the conformer ratio remains unchanged. In contrast, removal of the C‐2 butyl substituent on the benzofuran ring gives 100% of the O‐trans conformation.
Data from Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Serial Analysis of Clinical Cancer Genomics Data Identifies Changing Treatment Recommendations and Therapeutic Targets (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Given the pace of predictive biomarker and targeted therapy development, it is unknown whether repeat annotation of the same next-generation sequencing data can identify additional clinically actionable targets that could be therapeutically leveraged. In this study, we sought to determine the predictive yield of serial reanalysis of clinical tumor sequencing data.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Using artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted variant annotation, we retrospectively reanalyzed sequencing data from 2,219 patients with cancer from a single academic medical center at 3-month intervals totaling 9 months in 2020. The yield of serial reanalysis was assessed by the proportion of patients with improved strength of therapeutic recommendations.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;A total of 1,775 patients (80%) had ≥1 potentially clinically actionable mutation at baseline, including 243 (11%) patients who had an alteration targeted by an FDA-approved drug for their cancer type. By month 9, the latter increased to 458 (21%) patients mainly due to a single pan-cancer agent directed against tumors with high tumor mutation burden. Within this timeframe, 67 new therapies became available and 45 were no longer available. Variant pathogenicity classifications also changed leading to changes in treatment recommendations for 124 patients (6%).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Serial reannotation of tumor sequencing data improved the strength of treatment recommendations (based on level of evidence) in a mixed cancer cohort and showed substantial changes in available therapies and variant classifications. These results suggest a role for repeat analysis of tumor sequencing data in clinical practice, which can be streamlined with AI support.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Studies on the peptide core of human bronchial mucus glycoprotein. (1989)

We have employed thiol-Sepharose chromatography following deglycosylation to analyze the protein core of bronchial epithelial mucus glycoprotein (MGP), isolated by a two stage density gradient ultracentrifugation. Deglycosylation using triflouromethanesulfonic acid resulted in loss of greater than 90% of carbohydrate. The deglycosylated core protein was reduced and the sulfhydryl residues activated with 2-2'dipyridyl disulfide. This preparation was then bound covalently to thiol-Sepharose, and eluted specifically with reducing agents. Our results demonstrate that bronchial MGP contains cysteine residues potentially capable of forming disulfide bonds. Pepsin digestion studies suggest that cysteine residues are present near both the heavily glycosylated region and the naked peptide region. Thiol-Sepharose chromatography resolved several mucin-associated proteins (MAPS) that did not bind to the column. Amino acid analysis showed that the largest of these (200 kDa) is enriched in serine/threonine, like MGP that absorbed to the column: the two smallest (20 kDa and 60 kDa) are similar to the proline rich proteins reported in salivary mucin. These associated proteins, although not linked by disulfide bonds to the MGP, are, nevertheless, tightly bound to it, since they were only recovered after deglycosylation and thiol chromatography.
Structure and Unique Interactions with DNA of a Cationic Trans‐Platinum Complex with the Nonplanar Bicyclic Piperidinopiperidine Ligand (2005)

Umgehen der Cisplatinresistenz: Das trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(pip-pip)]+-Ion (siehe Struktur; rot Pt, blau N, grün Cl, grau C) ist eine cytotoxische Verbindung mit einem kationischen Piperidinopiperidin-Liganden. Der vom PtII-Zentrum entfernte Piperidinring ist fluktuierend und fungiert als Wasserstoffbrücken-Donor. Der Komplex bindet ohne vorherige Hydrolyse Kalbsthymus-DNA direkt und schnell (t1/2=11 min) und umgeht die Cisplatinresistenz von Eierstockkrebszellen.
Origins of low-symmetry phases in asymmetric diblock copolymer melts (2018)

Cooling disordered compositionally asymmetric diblock copolymers leads to the formation of nearly spherical particles, each containing hundreds of molecules, which crystallize upon cooling below the order-disorder transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>ODT</sub>). Self-consistent field theory (SCFT) reveals that dispersity in the block degrees of polymerization stabilizes various Frank-Kasper phases, including the C14 and C15 Laves phases, which have been accessed experimentally in low-molar-mass poly(isoprene)-<i>b</i>-poly(lactide) (PI-PLA) diblock copolymers using thermal processing strategies. Heating and cooling a specimen containing 15% PLA above and below the <i>T</i><sub>ODT</sub> from the body-centered cubic (BCC) or C14 states regenerates the same crystalline order established at lower temperatures. This memory effect is also demonstrated with a specimen containing 20% PLA, which recrystallizes to either C15 or hexagonally ordered cylinders (HEX<sub>C</sub>) upon heating and cooling. The process-path-dependent formation of crystalline order shapes the number of particles per unit volume, <i>n</i>/<i>V</i>, which is retained in the highly structured disordered liquid as revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. We hypothesize that symmetry breaking during crystallization is governed by the particle number density imprinted in the liquid during ordering at lower temperature, and this metastable liquid is kinetically constrained from equilibrating due to prohibitively large free energy barriers for micelle fusion and fission. Ordering at fixed <i>n</i>/<i>V</i> is enabled by facile chain exchange, which redistributes mass as required to meet the multiple particle sizes and packing associated with specific low-symmetry Frank-Kasper phases. This discovery exposes universal concepts related to order and disorder in self-assembled soft materials.
Properties of novel UV‐curable liquid crystals and their retardation films (1995)

Abstract— Novel UV‐curable liquid crystals showing nematic phases at room temperature have been developed. The liquid crystals can be utilized to create retardation films with high quality and good thermal stability. The properties of novel UV‐curable liquid crystals and the fabrication of various kinds of retardation films using them are discussed.
Ballooning of the Duodenal Segment After a Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation (1996)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Case Report1 Apr 1996Ballooning of the Duodenal Segment After a Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation R.B. de la Fuente, J.W. van der Pijl, J. Ringers, J. Zwartendijk, and F.J. van der Woude R.B. de la FuenteR.B. de la Fuente More articles by this author , J.W. van der PijlJ.W. van der Pijl More articles by this author , J. RingersJ. Ringers More articles by this author , J. ZwartendijkJ. Zwartendijk More articles by this author , and F.J. van der WoudeF.J. van der Woude More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66274-8AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Ballooning of the Duodenal Segment After a Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation." The Journal of Urology, 155(4), p. 1384 References 1 : Urological complications in 210 consecutive simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants with bladder drainage. Ann. Surg.1993; 218: 561. Google Scholar 2 : Lower urinary tract complications in patients with duodenocystostomies for exocrine drainage of the transplanted pancreas. Transplant. Proc.1991; 23: 1611. part 2. Google Scholar 3 : Indications for enteric conversion after pancreas transplantation with bladder drainage. Surgery1992; 112: 842. Google Scholar Departments of Urology, Nephrology and Surgery, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands© 1996 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 155Issue 4April 1996Page: 1384 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1996 by American Urological Association, Inc.Metrics Author Information R.B. de la Fuente More articles by this author J.W. van der Pijl More articles by this author J. Ringers More articles by this author J. Zwartendijk More articles by this author F.J. van der Woude More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Solution structure of the toxic octapeptide, lophyrotomin (1993)

Lophyrotomin is a toxic octapeptide, first isolated from larvae of the sawfly Lophyrotoma interrupta, which causes the death of cattle and sheep. It appears to act principally on the liver, however very little is known about the cellular site and mechanism of action. In the present study lophyrotomin was synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis, and the structure examined with two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two-dimensional correlation experiments (COSY and TOCSY) enabled the assignment of many of the resonances. Conventional NOESY experiments did not produce inter-residue information, however the alternative rotating frame NOE experiment (ROESY) resulted in intra-residue alpha N, and sequential alpha N and NN NOEs, permitting the sequence-specific assignment of all resonances. The presence of few additional shortage NOEs and the absence of any long-range NOEs in the ROESY spectra indicated a lack of persistent secondary structure. The results from circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy experiments were consistent with the NOE data, as addition of high concentrations of the denaturant urea produced no changes in the lophyrotomin CD spectrum. This conclusion was further supported by 13C spin-lattice relaxation studies, which indicated that the peptide is a flexible molecule, by examination of the alpha-carbon chemical shifts, and by amide proton exchange rate measurements. Consequently it appears that if this peptide has to adopt a well defined structure to exert its biological activity, it must do so on interaction with other molecules, such as a receptor.
Spectrum and space resolved 4D imaging by coded aperture correlation holography (COACH) (2016)

An advanced optical configuration of coded aperture correlation holography (COACH) has been developed using a diffractive objective lens to enable resolving illumination colors and the 3D spatial information of objects.
Heterostructure Engineering of a Reverse Water Gas Shift Photocatalyst (2019)

To achieve substantial reductions in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, catalysts for the photoreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals and fuels will most likely be at the heart of key renewable-energy technologies. Despite tremendous efforts, developing highly active and selective CO<sub>2</sub> reduction photocatalysts remains a great challenge. Herein, a metal oxide heterostructure engineering strategy that enables the gas-phase, photocatalytic, heterogeneous hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO with high performance metrics (i.e., the conversion rate of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO reached as high as 1400 µmol g cat<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) is reported. The catalyst is comprised of indium oxide nanocrystals, In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3-</sub> <i><sub>x</sub></i> (OH) <i><sub>y</sub></i> , nucleated and grown on the surface of niobium pentoxide (Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) nanorods. The heterostructure between In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3-</sub> <i><sub>x</sub></i> (OH) <i><sub>y</sub></i> nanocrystals and the Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> nanorod support increases the concentration of oxygen vacancies and prolongs excited state (electron and hole) lifetimes. Together, these effects result in a dramatically improved photocatalytic performance compared to the isolated In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3-</sub> <i><sub>x</sub></i> (OH) <i><sub>y</sub></i> material. The defect optimized heterostructure exhibits a 44-fold higher conversion rate than pristine In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3-</sub> <i><sub>x</sub></i> (OH) <i><sub>y</sub></i> . It also exhibits selective conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO as well as long-term operational stability.
237. Biomarker and clinical data linkage to determine the minimal mRNA set for vasculitis diagnosis (2022)

<strong>Background:</strong> Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases that affect blood vessels of different sizes. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) had an estimated prevalence of 200–400 cases per million people. Symptoms of active disease and flares are difficult to distinguish from permanent damage produced by previous episodes. The imperfect sensitivity of current diagnostic standards highlights the needs for new biomarkers for monitoring disease activity, prediction of flare occurrence, distinguishing the drug-induced and drug-free remission states. Objective: Discriminate the healthy population from patients with active vasculitis using BIOPRED targeted mRNA profiling of circulating immune cells. This targeted sequencing tool allows the precise quantification of 2155 mRNA targets associated with auto-, immune and inflammatory pathways with excellent analytical performance thanks to the elimination of the RNA extraction step. <strong>Methods:</strong> Whole blood samples collected in Paxgene® (QIAGEN, Germany) RNA tubes from patients with vasculitis, other diseases and heathy subjects were processed on the HTG EdgeSeq platform using the BIOPRED panel. Clinical, laboratory and BIOPRED data from 118 patients with AAV were compared with data from other cohorts comprising 828 patients suffering from various inflammatory-autoimmune disorders, and healthy volunteers. Differentially expressed mRNAs were screened in three subgroups, and Vasculitis signatures were identified using different multivariate approaches. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) and associated confusion matrix were used as a summary of overall marker performance. Clinical covariates included creatinine level, medication exposure anti-MPO/PR3 antibody status. <strong>Results:</strong> A population characteristics description was performed considering a timeline constructed based on AAV active and remission status. Different variables were determined based on the input data to make an integrated analysis obtaining the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis of AAV. An algorithm was developed linking the laboratory values, panel of mRNA biomarkers and clinical data to predict performance of their different combinations to be used as a diagnosis of vasculitis. Finally, functional enrichment of selected mRNAs was conducted to explore the potential biological pathways of the final mRNA set. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Integrative analysis of patient data with mRNA-based blood profiling using machine learning tools contribute to the characterization of vasculitis patients and improved definition of clinical remission in patients with AAV. Further studies are needed to validate and improve our precision medicine tool as a predictor of vasculitis relapse risk based on the BIOPRED mRNA candidates. <strong>Disclosures</strong>: None
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes of Diaminopyridines and Diaminotriazines: Opposite Effect of Acylation on Complex Stabilities. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reduced erbium-doped ceria nanoparticles: one nano-host applicable for simultaneous optical down- and up-conversions (2014)

This paper introduces a new synthesis procedure to form erbium-doped ceria nanoparticles (EDC NPs) that can act as an optical medium for both up-conversion and down-conversion in the same time. This synthesis process results qualitatively in a high concentration of Ce(3+) ions required to obtain high fluorescence efficiency in the down-conversion process. Simultaneously, the synthesized nanoparticles contain the molecular energy levels of erbium that are required for up-conversion. Therefore, the synthesized EDC NPs can emit visible light when excited with either UV or IR photons. This opens new opportunities for applications where emission of light via both up- and down-conversions from a single nanomaterial is desired such as solar cells and bio-imaging.
β2- and β3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms are related with weight gain and blood pressure elevation over 5 years (2005)

An impaired baroreceptor reflex sensitivity controlling the heart period through the vagus nerves (BRS) and sympatho-humoral activation following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) represent adverse prognostic indices. The occurrence of AMI in patients with hypertension (HT-AMI) is not unexpected, and has been associated with a greater mortality than that occurring in normotensive subjects (NT-AMI). This study was planned to determine whether HT-AMI patients have a greater central sympathetic output and BRS impairment than NT-AMI patients.