gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FactSheets: Increasing trust in AI services through supplier's declarations of conformity (2019)

Accuracy is an important concern for suppliers of artificial intelligence (AI) services, but considerations beyond accuracy, such as safety (which includes fairness and explainability), security, and provenance, are also critical elements to engender consumers’ trust in a service. Many industries use transparent, standardized, but often not legally required documents called supplier's declarations of conformity (SDoCs) to describe the lineage of a product along with the safety and performance testing it has undergone. SDoCs may be considered multidimensional fact sheets that capture and quantify various aspects of the product and its development to make it worthy of consumers’ trust. In this article, inspired by this practice, we propose FactSheets to help increase trust in AI services. We envision such documents to contain purpose, performance, safety, security, and provenance information to be completed by AI service providers for examination by consumers. We suggest a comprehensive set of declaration items tailored to AI in the Appendix of this article.
Integrating CT in minimally invasive treatment of the coronary arteries (2008)

Purpose: A novel method for the integration of cardiac CT in X-ray fluoroscopy procedures, enabling better decision making in the planning and guidance of cardiovascular interventional therapies.\nMethods and Materials: Our method offers the possibility of determining the C-arm incidence with the least foreshortening for a selected segment of the coronary vessels, segmented in a pre-operative cardiac CT dataset. In order to assist in stent length selection, the length of a vascular lesion can be measured in 3D along the centerline of the curved vessel. During the intervention the stored C-arm incidence can be recalled, and the C-arm can be automatically steered to the appropriate angles. Furthermore our method allows rendering of a curved MPR and a 3D volume of the coronary arteries, both following in real-time the direction of the viewing incidence of the C-arm. Based on this automatically registered reference image of the CT data, it is possible to steer the C-arm, without using additional contrast medium or X-ray radiation.\nResults: The proposed method has been applied in the treatment of 20 patients. The 3D visualization of the coronary arteries, segmented in the CT dataset, augment the sense of orientation and enhance navigation, especially when no contrast medium is visible in the fluoroscopy images.\nConclusion: The integration of cardiac CT data helps in improving planning and guidance of cardiovascular interventional therapies. The optimal system angles from true 3D datasets enable better stent length selection and in addition can lead to a reduction in the use of contrast medium.
Mitigation of optical crosstalk in Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays for lidar (2022)

We have developed 2048x32 arrays of silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs) for a terrain mapping lidar to be used in planetary exploration missions. These devices support single photon detection with sub-ns timing. A key performance-limiting issue with arrays is optical crosstalk, in which hot-carrier light emission produced by an avalanche triggers spurious detection events in nearby pixels. To address this challenge, we have demonstrated a deep trench isolation process. This paper will report measurements of crosstalk between pixels in silicon GmAPD arrays, measurements both before and after the arrays are hybridized to a readout integrated circuit. Initial wafer probe measurements before hybridization show order-of-magnitude crosstalk reduction in a pair of test GmAPDs separated by 25 &micro;m. These measurements use a novel technique based on analysis of the statistics of the time difference between the first detection events during a bias pulse. The results of our measurements are consistent with simulations of optical crosstalk modeled using optical ray tracing software.
Calculation of thermally stimulated depolarization current from isothermal dielectric response data (1999)

Thermally stimulated depolarization is modeled from dielectric response functions deduced from isothermal measurements. The key assumption made is that the same state of polarization can be achieved both via the real non-isothermal thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) process and via an equivalent isothermal process. The change of polarization with temperature and time is traced through a continuous adjustment of the starting and stopping times and polarizing field of the fictitious isothermal process. The theory is applicable to general cases of non-Debye relaxation with variable activation energy. A comparison of the modeled and measured TSD thermograms is presented for films.
N-Terminal Modifications Improve the Receptor Affinity and Pharmacokinetics of Radiolabeled Peptidic Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonists: Examples of 68Ga- and 64Cu-Labeled Peptides for PET Imaging (2014)

We have developed 2 GRPr antagonistic radioligands, which are improved in terms of binding affinity and overall biodistribution profile. Their promising in vivo pharmacokinetic performance may contribute to the improvement of the diagnostic imaging of tumors overexpressing GRPr.
ACACIA: the CMU analog design system (1989)

A framework that automates the design of common analog integrated circuit modules has been developed. The framework, ACACIA, consists of three tools: OASYS, which transforms module specifications into sized schematics; ANAGRAM, which transforms sized schematics into mask geometry; and a graphics interface that facilitates automatic exploration of tradeoffs between design specifications by providing 3-D display of attainable performance surfaces
AMIGO2 contained in cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles enhances the adhesion of liver endothelial cells to cancer cells (2022)

Adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells in target organs is an initial step in cancer metastasis. Our previous studies revealed that amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame 2 (AMIGO2) promotes the adhesion of tumor cells to liver endothelial cells, followed by the formation of liver metastasis in a mouse model. However, the precise mechanism underlying AMIGO2-promoted the adhesion of tumor cells and liver endothelial cells remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore the role of cancer cell-derived AMIGO2-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the adhesion of cancer cells to human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs). Western blotting indicated that AMIGO2 was present in EVs from AMIGO2-overexpressing MKN-28 gastric cancer cells. The efficiency of EV incorporation into HHSECs was independent of the AMIGO2 content in EVs. When EV-derived AMIGO2 was internalized in HHSECs, it significantly enhanced the adhesion of HHSECs to gastric (MKN-28 and MKN-74) and colorectal cancer cells (SW480), all of which lacked AMIGO2 expression. Thus, we identified a novel mechanism by which EV-derived AMIGO2 released from AMIGO2-expressing cancer cells stimulates endothelial cell adhesion to different cancer cells for the initiate step of liver metastasis.
Design And Fabrication of Condenser Microphone Using Wafer Transfer And Micro-electroplating Technique (2008)

A novel fabrication process, which uses wafer transfer and micro-electroplating technique, has been proposed and tested. In this paper, the effects of the diaphragm thickness and stress, the air-gap thickness, and the area ratio of acoustic holes to backplate on the sensitivity of the condenser microphone have been demonstrated since the performance of the microphone depends on these parameters. The microphone diaphragm has been designed with a diameter and thickness of 1.9 mm and 0.6 $μ$m, respectively, an air-gap thickness of 10 $μ$m, and a 24% area ratio of acoustic holes to backplate. To obtain a lower initial stress, the material used for the diaphragm is polyimide. The measured sensitivities of the microphone at the bias voltages of 24 V and 12 V are -45.3 and -50.2 dB/Pa (at 1 kHz), respectively. The fabricated microphone shows a flat frequency response extending to 20 kHz.
Scanometric DNA Array Detection with Nanoparticle Probes* (2020)

A method for analyzing combinatorial DNA arrays using oligonucleotide-modified gold nanoparticle probes and a conventional flatbed scanner is described here. Sequence-selective DNA detection has become increasingly important as scientists unravel the genetic basis of disease and use this new information to improve medical diagnosis and treatment. Commonly used heterogeneous DNA sequence detection systems, such as Southern blots and combinatorial DNA chips, rely on the specific hybridization of surface-bound, single-strand capture oligonucleotides to complementary targets. Gold nanoparticles modified with oligonucleotides [3] were used to indicate the presence of a particular DNA sequence hybridized on a transparent substrate in a three-component sandwich assay format. To evaluate the effectiveness of nanoparticles as scanometric indicators for oligonucleotide arrays, a synthetic target was hybridized to different capture strands immobilized onto glass chips and was then assayed separately with fluorophore and nanoparticle probes.
Book Review: Fostering Success of Ethnic and Racial Minorities in STEM: The Role of Minority Serving Institutions (2013)

U.S. institutions need to increase success rates in graduating students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).While this need exists across racial and ethnic groups, underrepresented minority (URM) students are disproportionately less successful than non-URM students in completing STEM degrees (Leboy & Madden, 2012; President's Council, 2012).In the midst of what is a national crisis in STEM, some institutions are outperforming others.In particular, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) produce the largest number of underrepresented minorities completing STEM bachelor's degrees (Clewell et al., 2010) and those progressing to STEM doctoral studies (Stage & Hubbard, 2009).In Fostering Success of Ethnic and Racial Minorities in STEM: The Role of Minority Serving Institutions, a collection of chapters written by multiple authors, 1 numerous perspectives are presented describing factors impacting the success of HBCUs and other Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) in educating URM students in STEM, despite recognized institutional disadvantages in regards to resources and lower student preparation.In the reading of this text, it becomes clear that there are a number of recurring themes associated with promoting the success of underrepresented students in STEM.
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of (+)‐Petasin and (+)‐Isopetasin. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reducing interference between multiple structured light depth sensors using motion (2012)

We present a method for reducing interference between multiple structured light-based depth sensors operating in the same spectrum with rigidly attached projectors and cameras. A small amount of motion is applied to a subset of the sensors so that each unit sees its own projected pattern sharply, but sees a blurred version of the patterns of other units. If high spacial frequency patterns are used, each sensor sees its own pattern with higher contrast than the patterns of other units, resulting in simplified pattern disambiguation. An analysis of this method is presented for a group of commodity Microsoft Kinect color-plus-depth sensors with overlapping views. We demonstrate that applying a small vibration with a simple motor to a subset of the Kinect sensors results in reduced interference, as manifested as holes and noise in the depth maps. Using an array of six Kinects, our system reduced interference-related missing data from from 16.6% to 1.4% of the total pixels. Another experiment with three Kinects showed an 82.2% percent reduction in the measurement error introduced by interference. A side-effect is blurring in the color images of the moving units, which is mitigated with post-processing. We believe our technique will allow inexpensive commodity depth sensors to form the basis of dense large-scale capture systems.
Anthropometric Measurements from Photographic Images (2004)

Abstract. Traditionally, anthropometric measurements are taken on a person in a standard posture. With the proliferation of e-commerce, it has become necessary to gather anthropometric data more efficiently. This study proposes a means to obtain anthropometric measurements from photographic images. A case study with respect to online apparel retailing has been presented. The method can be extended for any part of the body for custom-made items such as shoes or helmets. The system was tested for ten measurements with 20 male subjects who were also manually measured. Two experimenters &amp;quot;measured &amp;quot; the 20 subjects using the computerized system and the results were then compared with the manual measures. The ANOVA showed significant differences (p &amp;lt; 0.05) between the two methods for three of the ten measures. The differences can be attributed to an inability to see some of the critical locations when digitizing and the mathematical formulations used to obtain circumferences. Reliability was assessed using conventional as well as the generalizable approaches and these showed that intra-tester reliability was higher than the inter-tester reliability. Further investigations may be required to verify the external validity of the findings.
Testing of an HVDC IED Prototype Using Field Recordings (2021)

Testing of protection intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems is usually constrained to simulated HVDC faults because systematic testing with faults on full-scale HVDC systems is not feasible. However, all simulations are subject to inaccuracies. In this paper, an HVDC IED prototype is tested with real fault recordings from an operational point-to-point HVDC link. Firstly, the successful response of the prototype HVDC IED to fault recordings from a real system is presented. Secondly, the behaviour of different protection algorithms and filters is analysed, leading to conclusions about the applicability in a real system. The results are useful because the gained knowledge is based on both a real prototype HVDC IED and a real fault recording, and not a simulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of WO2‐4 on Layered Double Hydroxides for Mild Oxidative Bromination and Bromide‐Assisted Epoxidation with H2O2. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of Dual Phase Lag Heat Conduction in Gold Nanoparticle Based Hyperthermia Treatment (2008)

This paper addresses the fast-transient heat conduction phenomena of a gold nanoparticle embedded in cancerous tissue in hyperthermia treatment. Dual phase lag model in spherical coordinates was employed and a semi-analytical solution of 1-D non-homogenous dual phase lag equation was presented. Results show that transient temperature depends dramatically on the lagging characteristic time of the surrounding tissue. Temperature predicted by dual phase lag model greatly exceeds that predicted by a classical diffusion model, with either a constant source or a pulsed source. This phenomenon is mainly attributed by the phase lag of heat flux of tissue. The overheating in short time scale and the consequent biological effect needs to be paid more attention in the related study.
Association of p53 and mdm‐2 Polymorphisms and Expression pattern with Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia (2011)

p53 and its regulator mdm‐2 play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability. Despite the importance of p53 in breast cancer development and progression, little is known about the association of functional SNPs in the p53 and mdm‐2 genes and breast cancer aggressiveness in Saudi population. The present study has assessed p53 and mdm2 transcripts based on genotype pattern in breast cancer patients to understand their relative expression profile. To investigate if p53 and mdm‐2 SNPs regulate their expression, we analyzed association between each SNP and their expression in breast cancer. We found association between SNP status and tumor p53 overexpression. 24 cases of the 50 cases for p53 SNP as having the CC, 15 were CT and 9 had TT genotype. Genotypes were correlated with p53 and mdm‐2 transcript levels to check their independent association. Genotype versus expression analysis has shown that p53 level was 9.65 fold, significantly over expressed in cases with CC genotype (13.81) as compared to CT and TT genotypes, which is 5.58 (p&lt;0.03). Interestingly, p53 SNP is associated with mdm‐2 levels, with 7.68 fold higher expression of mdm2 levels with CC genotype when compared to TT and CT genotypes (3.47). Our results suggest that elevated levels of mdm2 contributes advantage to mdm2 mediated signal transduction events resulting in over expression of genes such as p53 in breast cancer of Saudi population.
Enhancing photovoltaic output power by 3-band spectrum-splitting and concentration using a diffractive micro-optic (2014)

We report the enhancement of photovoltaic output power by separating the incident spectrum into 3 bands, and concentrating these bands onto 3 different photovoltaic cells. The spectrum-splitting and concentration is achieved via a thin, planar micro-optical element that demonstrates high optical efficiency over the entire spectrum of interest. The optic (which we call a polychromat) was designed using a modified version of the direct-binary-search algorithm. The polychromat was fabricated using grayscale lithography. Rigorous optical characterization demonstrates excellent agreement with simulation results. Electrical characterization of the solar cells made from GaInP, GaAs and Si indicate increase in the peak output power density of 43.63%, 30.84% and 30.86%, respectively when compared to normal operation without the polychromat. This represents an overall increase of 35.52% in output power density. The potential for cost-effective large-area manufacturing and for high system efficiencies makes our approach a strong candidate for low cost solar power.
Uniaxial and tensile strained germanium nanomembranes in rolled-up geometry by polarized Raman scattering spectroscopy (2015)

We present a rolled-up approach to form Ge microtubes and their array by rolling-up hybrid Ge/Cr nanomembranes, which is driven by the built-in stress in the deposited Cr layer. The study of Raman intensity as a function of the angle between the crystal-axis and the polarization-direction of the scattered light, i.e., polarized Raman measurement reveals that the strain state in Ge tube is uniaxial and tensile, and can reach a maximal value 1.0%. Both experimental observations and theoretical calculations suggest that the uniaxial-tensile strain residual in the rolled-up Ge tubes correlates with their tube diameters, which can be tuned by the thicknesses of the Cr layers deposited. Using the polarized Raman scattering spectroscopy, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the strain state and evolution in self-rolled-up nano/micro-tubes.
MP40-13 PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AND ONCOLOGIC OUTCOMES AFTER ROBOT-ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY IN PT3B PROSTATE CANCER (2016)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Previous studies demonstrated that robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) might represent an oncologically safe option in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). However, none of these investigations focused on men with locally advanced disease (i.e., clinical stage T3 or greater). The aim of our study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of RARP in patients with locally advanced PCa treated at two high-volume European institutions.
Synthetic Analogues of the Second Messenger D-MYOInositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate as Receptor Agonists and Inhibitors of the Enzymes of the Polyphosphoinositide Pathway of Signal Transduction (1993)

Abstract Novel synthetic probes of the polyphosphoinositide pathway of signal transduction are discussed.
The Detection of Chemical Vapors in Air Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Pulsed Microdischarges From Two- and Three- Electrode Microstructures (2008)

Emission spectroscopy of plasma-excited chemical species is widely used for generalized chemical analyses in bench-top systems. This paper explores the use of pulsed microdischarges between two and three electrode microstructures, which operate in air at atmospheric pressure, for use in handheld chemical analyzers. Pulsed microdischarges are fired between two-electrodes spaced apart by 0.2-2 mm. Synchronized optical sampling and time resolved spectroscopy are performed to capture the emission spectra from the microdischarge and its afterglow. The discharge spectra in air consist mainly of wide-band background spectra and line spectra from the nitrogen, and water vapor in air. The detection of vapors in air is limited by the relative strengths of representative lines compared to background spectra rather than by their absolute strength. The separate temporal characteristics of the line and background spectra present opportunities to improve detection. This concept is evaluated using isopropyl alcohol vapors (100 ppm) for which lines corresponding to CH fragments are detected with a handheld spectrometer despite the presence of air spectra. This paper also introduces a three-electrode (flashFET) configuration, which further reduces power consumption and electrode wear. Occupying an active area < 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , it employs a strategically located high-impedance gate electrode that permits the use of pulses < 100 V between the source and drain. The device consumes only 2.5 muJ/pulse at 140 Torr and 22.5 muJ/pulse at atmosphere, as compared to 470 muJ/pulse for two-electrode discharges. The operation of the flashFET as a gas sensor is evaluated using acetone vapors in air ambient. A response curve is obtained by measuring the 388.1 nm emission from acetone fragments for acetone concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 ppm.
Modular Robotic Workcell for Coagulation Analysis (2000)

Compared with manual methods, modular automation provides more predictable variation in specimen processing.
21.3: Flexible Color AM‐OLED Display Fabricated Using Surface Free Technology by Laser Ablation/Annealing (SUFTLA®) and Ink‐jet Printing Technology (2003)

Abstract A color AM‐OLED display device was fabricated on a plastic substrate using SUFTLA technology, which makes it possible to transfer a thin film device from an original substrate to another, combining ink‐jet printing technology. An LTPS‐TFT circuit of a 5.3cm diagonal OLED display was transferred onto a plastic substrate, and then color OLED display was assembled using inkjet printing technique. The AM‐OLED display was 0.7mm thick and weighed only 3.2g. A clear image was successfully obtained on the all‐plastic substrate color AM‐OLED display, indicating the tremendous potential of SUFTLA technology in the manufacture of thin, lightweight, flexible electronic devices.