gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Road Weather Products with Vehicle Probe Data (2010)

One goal of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (USDOT) IntelliDriveSM initiative is to utilize vehicle data to improve weather and road condition products, and then to provide those products to transportation system decision-makers, including travelers. This article describes research and development that is being conducted by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to design, develop, and test a Vehicle Data Translator (VDT) to provide road weather products for decision-makers. The VDT extracts, filters, and verifies mobile data, and then generates and disseminates quality-checked, statistically processed data to subscribers. The authors explain the individual processing components of the VDT, including the data parser, data filtering algorithms, data quality checking algorithms, and statistical processing and derived variables. The article includes two examples of road and atmospheric hazard VDT products, fog and precipitation. One illustration shows the prototype VDT screen display.
Edelmetalle in Polyoxometallaten (2012)

Abstract Polyoxometallate, die Edelmetallionen wie Ruthenium, Osmium, Rhodium, Palladium, Platin, Silber und Gold enthalten, bilden eine strukturell reichhaltige Klasse von Verbindungen. Hierzu gehören sowohl klassische Heteropolyanionen (Vanadate, Molybdate, Wolframate), in denen die Edelmetalle als Heteroatome vorliegen, als auch die erst kürzlich entdeckte Klasse der Polyoxometallate mit Edelmetallen als “Addenda”‐Atomen. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Aufsatzes liegt auf Komplexen, die in Lösung als diskrete Moleküle vorliegen und somit von Interesse für zukünftige Synthesen und Entwicklungen in der Reaktivität sind und potenzielle Anwendungen haben, z. B. in der Katalyse und den Nanowissenschaften.
Analysis and Cell-Level Experimental Verification of a 25 kW All-SiC Isolated Front End 6.6 kV/400 V AC-DC Solid-State Transformer (2017)

Solid-state transformers (SSTs) could serve as interfaces between a medium-voltage (MV) AC grid and a low-voltage (LV) DC load or source, i. e., could be employed in applications with power supply character such as traction auxiliary supplies or rack-level power supplies in future datacenters. For handling the high input-side AC voltage and output side current, SSTs are typically realized as input-series output-parallel (ISOP) arrangements of multiple converter cells, whereby each cell comprises a medium-frequency isolation stage. This paper presents such a multi-cell 25 kW all-SiC MVAC-LVDC SST (6.6 kV AC to 400 V DC) based on the isolated front end (IFE) approach, which is an interesting alternative to the isolated back end (IBE) configuration mainly discussed in literature so far. The IFE concept is briefly explained, the main component stresses are derived, and a converter cell prototype is designed and tested. The 5 kW prototype cell features a power density of 1.5 kW/l (24.6 W/in3) and a measured peak efficiency of 97.5%. This is significantly higher than previously published data for IFEbased SSTs, and in the same range as what has been reported recently for industrial IBE-based SSTs. Thus, this paper confirms that the IFE approach can be a feasible and interesting alternative for realizing MVAC-LVDC SST systems with low complexity.
Discovery of a Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitor and Activity-Based Probe for the Deubiquitylating Enzyme UCHL1, with Anti-Fibrotic Activity (2019)

Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a deubiquitylating enzyme which is proposed as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegeneration, cancer, and liver and lung fibrosis. Herein we report the discovery of the most potent and selective UCHL1 probe (IMP-1710) to date based on a covalent inhibitor scaffold and apply this probe to identify and quantify target proteins in intact human cells. IMP-1710 stereoselectively labels the catalytic cysteine of UCHL1 at low nanomolar concentration in cells, and we show that a previously claimed UCHL1 inhibitor (LDN-57444) fails to engage UCHL1 in cells. We further demonstrate that potent UCHL1 inhibitors block pro-fibrotic responses in a cellular model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, supporting a potential therapeutic role for UCHL1 inhibition and providing a basis for future therapeutic development of selective UCHL1 inhibitors.
Measurement of the production and lepton charge asymmetry of $$W$$ W bosons in Pb+Pb collisions at $$\mathbf {\sqrt{\mathbf {s}_{\mathrm {\mathbf {NN}}}}=2.76\;TeV}$$ s NN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2015)

A measurement of [Formula: see text] boson production in lead-lead collisions at [Formula: see text] is presented. It is based on the analysis of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.14 [Formula: see text] and 0.15 [Formula: see text] in the muon and electron decay channels, respectively. The differential production yields and lepton charge asymmetry are each measured as a function of the average number of participating nucleons [Formula: see text] and absolute pseudorapidity of the charged lepton. The results are compared to predictions based on next-to-leading-order QCD calculations. These measurements are, in principle, sensitive to possible nuclear modifications to the parton distribution functions and also provide information on scaling of [Formula: see text] boson production in multi-nucleon systems.
Impact and characterization of mask repair on wafer CD uniformity (2001)

The performance of an IC device, as we know, depends upon excellent linewidth control in lithography as the geometry of circuits is being decreased. The quality of the mask always plays an important role in this issue. As far as a wafer fab is concerned, the defective mask can lead to not only a dramatic drop in production yield, but also fatal damage for single-chip products. It is observed that a loss of transmission on a mask, detected by a reticle inspection system KLA303-UV STARlight (Simultaneous Transmitted And Reflected light) can bring about unacceptable CD variation on wafers. One major reason for the loss of transmission on masks is from the defect repair process, during which Gallium stain (Ga+) deposits onto the quartz on the chrome side of mask. This problem will become more and more critical for both mask houses and wafer fabs as long as the linewidth keeps shrinking and the design of denser pattern is inevitable. This purpose of this paper is to detail the correlation between wafer CD variation and the relative loss of transmission on the mask. By way of a designed test reticle processed with Gallium deposition by repair tool, inspection, exposure, CD data collection and analysis, we can clearly define the relationship based on I-line mask inspection light source. Following this work, the fab will be able to set up the inspection specifications for any incoming masks to prevent poor CD uniformity occurring in wafers. More importantly, with the design of a variety of patterns with different line/space ratios and device characteristics on this test reticle, we can try to predict the feasibility and severity of the transmission rate loss of mask for 0.15, 0.13 micrometers generations or beyond in order to help mask houses as well as wafer fabs get prepared and work out this problem prior to the advent of the next IC generation.
Millimeter-wave access and backhauling: the solution to the exponential data traffic increase in 5G mobile communications systems? (2014)

The exponential increase of mobile data traffic requires disrupting approaches for the realization of future 5G systems. In this article, we overview the technologies that will pave the way for a novel cellular architecture that integrates high-data-rate access and backhaul networks based on millimeter-wave frequencies (57-66, 71-76, and 81-86 GHz). We evaluate the feasibility of short- and medium-distance links at these frequencies and analyze the requirements from the transceiver architecture and technology, antennas, and modulation scheme points of view. Technical challenges are discussed, and design options highlighted; finally, a performance evaluation quantifies the benefits of millimeter- wave systems with respect to current cellular technologies.
Thin Film Processing of Amorphous Lithium Lanthanum Titanate Based Solid-State Microbatteries (2016)

Next generation batteries will require a broad range of energies to meet the challenges of portable electronic storage from electric vehicles to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Solid state electrolytes are researched heavily because they have the potential to improve capacity loss, cycle lifetime, operation temperature, and safety [1]. Lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO), with the perovskite structure (ABO 3 ), has gained interest due to its high bulk conductivity (10 -3 S cm -1 ) at room temperature [2]. LLTO has many advantages including negligible electronic conductivity, high voltage stability (&gt; 8 V), atmospheric stability, and temperature stability [3]. Furthermore, LLTO is transferable to thin film structures for fabricating microbatteries for powering portable electronics on-chip [4]. However, crystalline LLTO has a relatively low grain boundary conductivity (&lt;10 -5 S cm -1 ), lowering the overall material conductivity [3]. Therefore, in this work, we investigate amorphous LLTO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). By controlling the laser fluence, background pressure, and temperature we are able to grow dense films with an ionic conductivity of 8x10 -4 S/cm and electronic conductivity of 5x10 -11 S/cm. Secondly, we explore LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) spinel thin films deposited via PLD as a potential high voltage cathode for our battery. We report on LNMO/LLTO half cells and novel full LLTO based thin film microbatteries. [1] A. Hayashi et. al. “ Superionic glass-ceramic electrolytes for room-temperature rechargeable sodium batteries,” Nature Communications. 3 (2012) 856–860. [2] O. Bohnke. “The fast lithium-ion conducting oxides Li 3x La 2/3 − x TiO 3 from fundamentals to application,” Solid State Ionics. 179 (2008) 9-15. [3] C. Cao et. al. “Recent advances in inorganic solid electrolytes for lithium batteries,” Frontiers in Energy Research. 2 (2014) 1-10. [4] A. Furusawa et. al. “Ionic conductivity of amorphous lithium lanthanum titanate thin film,” Solid State Ionics. 176 (2005) 553-558.
Human immune response to allergens of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinius (1988)

Specific antibodies isolated by immunoabsorption on four main insolubilized allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DPT) had the following isotypic distribution: in 16 atopic patients, 52% IgG, 40% IgM, 8% IgA, 0.1% IgE and, in 12 non-atopic individuals, 48% IgG, 46% IgM, 6% IgA, 0.03% IgE. The ratios between geometric means of antibody values in each class (atopic vs non-atopics) were 2.4 for IgG, 2.0 for IgM, 2.8 for IgA and 66.7 for IgE. The amount of anti-DPT antibodies in IgG subclasses did not follow the usual distribution of total IgG subclasses, i.e., IgG1 greater than IgG2 greater than IgG3 greater than IgG4. In atopics the order was IgG2 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG4 greater than IgG3 and in non-atopics, IgG4 greater than IgG1 = IgG2 greater than IgG3 although 6/12 of the latter had no detectable (less than 0.5 micrograms/ml plasma) IgG4.
<title>Nonlinear optical processing using phase grating</title> (1991)

Intensity-to-phase modulation can be used for phase coding of an input image, instead of the commonly employed halftone technique. When placed at the entrance of a 2 f coherent system with the selected diffraction order, the phase-coded image shows nonlinear behavior. No special screen design is necessary and a simple Ronchi-type or sinusoidal gratings can be used. Using DCG, we attained an input dynamic range of three order of magnitude, a significant improvement over previous work. A multipeak transfer function was obtained by photoresist as a recording media, which is useful for equidensitometry. Generally, the phase-coding for the nonlinear optical processor is more light efficient and allows a real time implementation with an erasable photopolymer material.
Trans -Activator Gene of HTLV-II: Interpretation (1987)

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Additive cardioprotection by pharmacological postconditioning with hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide donors in mouse heart: S-sulfhydration vs. S-nitrosylation (2016)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a gaseous signalling molecule, has been found to play important roles in postconditioning (PostC)-induced cardioprotection. Similar to nitric oxide (NO)-mediated protein S-nitrosylation (SNO), recent studies suggest that H2S could regulate protein function through another redox-based post-translational modification on protein cysteine residue(s), i.e. S-sulfhydration (SSH). In this study, we examined whether there are changes in protein SSH associated with cardioprotection induced by treatment with H2S on reperfusion. In addition, we also examined whether there is cross talk between H2S and NO. Compared with control, treatment on reperfusion with NaHS (H2S donor, 100 µmol/L) significantly reduced post-ischaemic contractile dysfunction and infarct size. A comparable cardioprotective effect could be also achieved by reperfusion treatment with SNAP (NO donor, 10 µmol/L). Interestingly, simultaneous reperfusion with both donors had an additive protective effect. In addition, C-PTIO (NO scavenger, 20 µmol/L) eliminated the protection induced by NaHS and also the additive protection by SNAP + NaHS together. Using a modified biotin switch method, we observed a small increase in SSH following NaHS treatment on reperfusion. We also found that NaHS treatment on reperfusion increases SNO to a level comparable to that with SNAP treatment. In addition, there was an additive increase in SNO but not SSH when SNAP and NaHS were added together at reperfusion. Thus, part of the benefit of NaHS is an increase in SNO, and the magnitude of the protective effect is related to the magnitude of the increase in SNO.
Beyond 100  Gb/s: Capacity, Flexibility, and Network Optimization (2017)

In this paper, we discuss building blocks that enable the exploitation of optical capacities beyond 100&#x2009;&#x2009;Gb/s. Optical networks will benefit from more flexibility and agility in their network elements, especially from coherent transceivers. To achieve capacities of 400&#x2009;&#x2009;Gb/s and more, coherent transceivers will operate at higher symbol rates. This will be made possible with higher bandwidth components using new electro-optic technologies implemented with indium phosphide and silicon photonics. Digital signal processing will benefit from new algorithms. Multi-dimensional modulation, of which some formats are already in existence in current flexible coherent transceivers, will provide improved tolerance to noise and fiber nonlinearities. Constellation shaping will further improve these tolerances while allowing a finer granularity in the selection of capacity. Frequency-division multiplexing will also provide improved tolerance to the nonlinear characteristics of fibers. Algorithms with reduced computation complexity will allow the implementation, at speeds, of direct pre-compensation of nonlinear propagation effects. Advancement in forward error correction will shrink the performance gap with Shannon&#x2019;s limit. At the network control and management level, new tools are being developed to achieve a more efficient utilization of networks. This will also allow for network virtualization, orchestration, and management. Finally, FlexEthernet and FlexOTN will be put in place to allow network operators to optimize capacity in their optical transport networks without manual changes to the client hardware.
Length-passive tension relationships in cerebral and peripheral arteries isolated from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. (1982)

The length-passive tension relationship was compared in helically-cut strips of the basilar, renal and mesenteric arteries and the aorta isolated from Kyoto Wistar (WKY) rats and stroke-resistant (SHRSR) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Passive tension developed by the same magnitude of rapid stretch was greater in basilar arteries than in the other arteries and aortae. The length-tension curve shifted toward the tension axis in basilar arteries and aortae isolated from SHRSP as compared with those isolated from WKY, whereas the curves in mesenteric and renal arteries from SHRSP, SHRSR and WKY were not significantly different. It is concluded that the distensibility of various arteries isolated from rats differs, and the cerebral artery becomes less distensible during the persistence of hypertension and the rat become prone to stroke.
The utility of pelvic coil SNR testing in the quality assurance of a clinical MRgFUS system (2009)

During MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatments of uterine fibroids using ExAblate 2000, tissue ablations are delivered by a FUS transducer while MR imaging is performed with a pelvic receiver coil. The consistency of the pelvic coil performance is crucial for reliable MR temperature measurements as well as detailed anatomic imaging in patients. Test sonications in a gel phantom combined with MR thermometry are used to test the performance of the FUS transducer prior to each treatment. As we show, however, these tests do not adequately evaluate receiver coil performance prior to clinical use. This could become a problem since the posterior part of the coil is frequently moved and can malfunction. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the utility of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a reliable indicator of pelvic coil performance. Slight modification of the vendor-provided coil support was accomplished to assure reproducible coil positioning. The SNR was measured in a gel phantom using axial acquisitions from the 3D-localizer scan. MR temperature and SNR measurements were obtained using a degraded receiver coil (with posterior element removed) and a known faulty coil, and compared to those obtained with a fully functioning coil. While the MR temperature-based tests were insensitive to change in pelvic coil performance, (degraded, p = 0.24; faulty, p = 0.28), the SNR tests were highly sensitive to coil performance, (degraded, p < 0.001; faulty, p < 0.001). Additional clinical data illustrate the utility of SNR testing of the receiver coil. These tests require minimal (or possibly no) additional scan time and have proven to be effective in our clinical practice.
Experiences in integrating Internet of Things and cloud services with the robot operating system (2017)

New Internet of Things open source technologies, middlewares, and programming languages, make the quick integration of devices, systems and cloud services easier than never before. With their utilization, complex tasks such as object detection, tracking and tracing, can be easily realized, even by embedded devices in a fraction of time. The interplay of highly heterogeneous IoT devices and open source software, has been utilized in this work as a learning tool, in order to train developers and enhance their IoT skills. By designing, implementing, testing and deploying a rapid prototype, new knowledge is acquired, assessment of technologies and concepts is carried out, and the end-result, although developed in a constraint timeframe, is technologically promising, cost-effective and feature-rich. This work sheds some light on the prototype implemented and discusses the developer experiences and benefits of this IoT integration hands-on approach.
Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using DNA Promoter Hypermethylation in Plasma and Sputum (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> CT screening can reduce death from lung cancer. We sought to improve the diagnostic accuracy of lung cancer screening using ultrasensitive methods and a lung cancer-specific gene panel to detect DNA methylation in sputum and plasma.<b>Experimental Design:</b> This is a case-control study of subjects with suspicious nodules on CT imaging. Plasma and sputum were obtained preoperatively. Cases (<i>n</i> = 150) had pathologic confirmation of node-negative (stages I and IIA) non-small cell lung cancer. Controls (<i>n</i> = 60) had non-cancer diagnoses. We detected promoter methylation using quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR and methylation-on-beads for cancer-specific genes (<i>SOX17, TAC1, HOXA7, CDO1, HOXA9</i>, and <i>ZFP42</i>).<b>Results:</b> DNA methylation was detected in plasma and sputum more frequently in people with cancer compared with controls (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for five of six genes. The sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer diagnosis using the best individual genes was 63% to 86% and 75% to 92% in sputum, respectively, and 65% to 76% and 74% to 84% in plasma, respectively. A three-gene combination of the best individual genes has sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 71% using sputum and 93% and 62% using plasma. Area under the receiver operating curve for this panel was 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.80-0.98] in sputum and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.86) in plasma. Independent blinded random forest prediction models combining gene methylation with clinical information correctly predicted lung cancer in 91% of subjects using sputum detection and 85% of subjects using plasma detection.<b>Conclusions:</b> High diagnostic accuracy for early-stage lung cancer can be obtained using methylated promoter detection in sputum or plasma. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1998-2005. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Infrared frequency selective surface based on circuit-analog square loop design (2005)

A frequency selective surface (FSS) was designed to have a resonant spectral signature in the infrared. The lithographically composed, layered structure of this infrared FSS yields a resonant response in absorption to infrared radiation at a wavelength determined by its FSS element structure and the structure of its substrate layers. The infrared spectral characteristics of this surface are studied via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and spectral radiometry in the 3 to 15 /spl mu/m region of the spectrum. The design is based on circuit-analog resonant behavior of square loop conducting elements.
Role of Polar Species in Determining the Interfacial Tension of a Crude Oil/Water System (2022)

Interfacial tension (IFT) between crude oil and water is one of the critical properties that governs the multiphase flow in porous media. Measuring IFT in the laboratory is time-consuming and difficult, especially with live reservoir fluids. Tools and processes are unavailable to measure it downhole. Current reservoir simulators rely on empirical models to estimate the IFT. In general, these models overpredict IFT and do not account for the role of crude oil chemistry. The surface-active naphthenic acids (NAs) present in crude oil play a crucial role in governing IFT behavior at the oil/water interface and stabilizing in situ emulsions that pose operational challenges. Additionally, the NA concentration is challenging to determine without a wet-chemistry laboratory process. In this study, we used 22 crude oil samples from different fields to develop a model that can potentially be used for downhole IFT measurements. This research will help improve saturation height function modeling, enable more informed decisions on field development planning for newly drilled wells, and develop better production strategies with the older (or pre-existing) ones. Several parameters were investigated related to the Gibbs–Langmuir model. The proposed model provides average universal parameters (Γm and KL) related to the crude oil/water interface, enabling us to characterize the crude oil chemistry. Such a model can be used to account for the effect of acids on the crude oil interfacial tension. The acid concentration is used as an input parameter to better estimate the oil/water interfacial behavior. This model can potentially be used as a monitoring tool to avoid technical issues, such as in situ emulsification, corrosion, and scaling problems.