gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metro de Madrid rolling stock models and comparative studies relating to comfort (2004)

This paper presents the work carried out by Metro de Madrid and the Railway Technology Research Centre (Polytechnic University of Madrid), aimed at setting up rolling stock simulation models with a high level of detail. To do this, the features of the SIMPACK simulation tool used to create models have been briefly outlined, explaining the main features of models in two of the series modelled: 7000 and 8000. Finally, the results obtained from comparing comfort in the 7000 and 8000 series are presented.
Hydrogen storage and transport in liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) (2015)

H is often considered a very capable future energy vector. It can be produced from renewable wind or solar power via water electrolysis and has a wide range of potential applications in all important fields of energy supply. The gravimetric storage density of hydrogen is excellent. One kilogram H2 carries 33.3 kWh (LHV) of energy. However, being the chemical element with the lowest density, the volumetric storage density of hydrogen is only 3 Wh/liter at ambient pressure. In existing technical applications hydrogen is, therefore, either stored as gas under very high pressures (up to 700 bar, called “Compressed Gaseous Hydrogen” or CGH2) or in its liquid state at 253°C (called “Liquid Hydrogen” or LH2). A very attractive way to store and release hydrogen is in form of “Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers” (LOHC) systems. Aromatic molecules, such as, e.g., N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) or dibenzyltoluenes can be reversibly hydrogenated and dehydrogenated in order to store and transport hydrogen in form of diesel-like liquids. The presentation introduces shortly the LOHC concept for energy storage and future hydrogen logistics. Afterwards, it concentrates on material and process aspects of LOHC hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis covering the full range from studies on the molecular level (XPS, IR studies) to reactor design and demonstration units. Challenges and optimization potentials will be discussed; novel options (LOHC transfer hydrogenation, hydrogen purification through LOHC hydrogenation/dehydrogenation) will be presented.
Comparison of Peptide Ion Conformers Arising from Non-Helical and Helical Peptides Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Gas-Phase Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange (2018)

The dominant gas-phase conformer of [M+3H]<sup>3+</sup> ions of the model peptide acetyl-PSSSSKSSSSKSSSSKSSSSK has been examined with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), gas-phase hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX), and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. The [M+3H]<sup>3+</sup> peptide ions are observed predominantly as a relatively compact conformer type. Upon subjecting these ions to electron transfer dissociation (ETD), the level of protection for each amino acid residue in the peptide sequence is assessed. The overall per-residue deuterium uptake is observed to be relatively more efficient for the neutral residues than for the model peptide acetyl-PAAAAKAAAAKAAAAKAAAAK. In comparison, the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the serine peptide show greater relative protection compared with interior residues. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to generate candidate structures for collision cross section and HDX reactivity matching. Hydrogen accessibility scoring (HAS) for select structural candidates from MD simulations has been used to suggest conformer types that could contribute to the observed HDX patterns. The results are discussed with respect to recent studies employing extensive MD simulations of gas-phase structure establishment of a peptide system. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Figure S1 from Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy Promote Tumoral Lipid Oxidation and Ferroptosis via Synergistic Repression of SLC7A11 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1 shows that radiotherapy can induce tumor cell ferroptosis&lt;/p&gt;
Hierarchical Nanostructures: Design for Sustainable Water Splitting (2017)

Abstract Clean and sustainable hydrogen generation renders a magnificent prospect to fulfill the humans' dream of rebuilding energy supplying systems that work eternally and run without pollution. Water electrolysis driven by a renewable resource of energy, such as wind and solar, is a promising pathway to achieve this goal, which requires highly active and cost‐effective electrode materials to be developed. In this comprehensive review, we introduce the utilization of hierarchical nanostructures in electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical applications. The unique emphasis is given on the synthetic strategies of attaining these hierarchical structures as well as to demonstrate their corresponding mechanisms for performance improvement. Rather than simply discussing all the methods that can be used in nanofabrication, we focus on extracting the rules for structural design based on highly accessible and reliable methods. Examples are given to illustrate the versatility of these methods in the synthesis and manipulation of hierarchical nanostructures, which are concentrated on nonprecious transition metals or their alloys/compounds. Through this study, we aim to establish valuable guidelines and provide further insights for researchers to facilitate their design of more efficient water splitting systems in the future.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Different Extracts From Triphala Against CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice (2021)

<b>Background:</b> <i>Triphala</i> is a traditional polyherbal formula used in Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese Tibetan medicine. A wide range of biological activities have been attributed to <i>Triphala</i>, but the impact of various extraction methods on efficacy has not been determined. <b>Purpose:</b> The study aimed to evaluate <i>Triphala</i> extracts obtained by various methods for their hepatoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>)-induced liver injury. <b>Methods:</b> HPLC fingerprinting was used to characterize the chemical characteristics of <i>Triphala</i> extracts obtained by (a) 0.5 h ultrasonication, (b) 2 h reflux, and (c) 4 h reflux. Hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model of CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver damage. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured, as well as the liver antioxidant and inflammatory markers malondialdehyde superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), TNF-α, and IL-6. Gene and protein expression of Nrf-2 signaling components Nrf-2, heme oxygenase (HO-1), and NADPH Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) in liver tissue were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting. <b>Results:</b> Chemical analysis showed a clear difference in content between extracts produced by ultrasonic and reflux methods. The pharmacological analysis showed that all three Triphala extracts reduced ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and increased SOD and GSH-Px. Triphala extracts also induced transcript and protein expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO-1. <b>Conclusion:</b> Triphala extract prevents CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced acute liver injury. The ultrasonic extract of Triphala was most effective, suggesting that hepatoprotection may be related to the larger tannins via activation of Nrf-2 signaling.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Photoannulation Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐3‐alkoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinones. Synthesis of Dimethylnaphthgeranine E. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of P48 and P54 as components of bacteriophage T4 baseplates (1975)

The involvement of two bacteriophage T4 gene products in the initiation of T4 tail tube and sheath polymerization on mature baseplates has been studied by radioautography of acrylamide gels of various partially completed tail structures. The products of genes 48 and 54 (P48[the nomenclature P48 refers to the protein product of bacteriophage T4 gene 48] and P54), which are known to be required for the synthesis of mature baseplates, have been shown to be structural components of the baseplate. These gene products have molecular weights of 42,000 and 33,000, respectively. The addition of P54 to the baseplate not only permits the polymerization of the core protein, P19, onto the baseplate, but also caused the disappearance of a polypeptide of molecular weight about 15,000 from the supernatant fraction of infected cells. Another gene product, P27, has been identified in the crude extracts of infected cells. This gene product, which is required for the synthesis of baseplate structures, has the same mobility as one of the unidentified structural polypeptides of the baseplate and is therefore probably also a baseplate component.
Cl‐Dependent Na‐H Exchange: A Novel Colonic Crypt Transport Mechanism (2000)

This communication summaries a series of observations of the transport function of the crypt of the rat distal colon. Development of methods to study both 22Na uptake by apical membrane vesicles prepared from crypt cells and intracellular pHi (pHi), fluid movement (Jv), and bicarbonate secretion during microperfusion of the crypt has led to the identification of (1) a novel Cl-dependent Na-H exchange (Cl-NHE) that most likely represents the coupling of a Cl channel to a Na-H exchange isoform that has not as yet been identified and (2) bicarbonate secretion that appears to be most consistent with HCO3 uptake across the basolateral membrane by a mechanism that is closely linked to Cl transport and its movement across the apical membrane via an anion channel. Na-dependent fluid absorption is the constitutive transport process in the crypt, while fluid secretion is regulated by one or more neurohumoral agonists. Cl-NHE is responsible for both the recovery/regulation of pHi in crypt cells to an acid load and fluid absorption.
Cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells lacking FMRP display altered spontaneous firing patterns (2020)

Pharmacological manipulations can alter the action potential burst profiles in both control and FMRP-null human cortical neurons, making them appear like their genetic counterpart. Our studies indicate that FMRP targets that have been found in rodent models of FXS are also potential targets in a human-based model system, and we suggest potential mechanisms by which activity is altered.
Enhanced dopamine release by nicotine in cigarette smokers: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study (2007)

Previous studies of smoking on dopamine release in humans were investigated only in smokers. Using nicotine gum, we examined the effect of nicotine on dopamine release in smokers and non-smokers and its relation to the degree of nicotine dependence. Smokers and non-smokers participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. They participated in two PET measurements with [11C]raclopride, in which they received either nicotine or placebo. Changes in [11C]raclopride non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) following nicotine administration were quantified. Smokers showed significant decrease in BP in the striatum following nicotine administration, but non-smokers did not show such a decrease. The BPND difference between the two scanning sessions was correlated with the degree of nicotine dependence. The BPND difference might reflect enhanced dopamine release in smokers and the reinforced effect of nicotine. These data suggest the feasibility of our gum method as well as the importance of the degree of dependence in future studies of the nicotine effect on the dopamine system.
Supplementary Table 1 from Defining a Gene Promoter Methylation Signature in Sputum for Lung Cancer Risk Assessment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 59K, Information for primer sequences used in the nested MSP and the CG sites interrogated for methylation&lt;/p&gt;
The Determination of Dose as a Function of Depth by Deconvolution of the Glow Curve Using Thick TL Dosemeters (1996)

The extended glow curve generated on heating a thick TL dosemeter contains information about the distribution of dose in the mass. A method is described through which the one-dimensional distribution of dose is determined. The method involves irradiation on alternate ends of the dosemeter and construction of a matrix of interpolated glow curves representing the light which would be emitted from each elemental mass as a function of time. The method is general in that it applies to any glow curve shape and any heating profile. Operation of the method involves deconvolution of the data to report the result. The Marquardt algorithm has been used to demonstrate the operation of the method for penetrating gamma rays, monoenergetic X rays, and fast electrons from a Van de Graaff accelerator.
The power factor control system of photovoltaic power generation system (2003)

The photovoltaic power generation system has a great future as clean energy instead of fossil fuel, which has many environmental problems such as exhausted gas or air pollution. In a utility interactive photovoltaic generation system, a three phase inverter is used for the connection between the photovoltaic array and the utility. This paper presents a three phase inverter for photovoltaic power system with current controller, voltage controller, PLL control system and the phase detector of interactive voltage by using dq transformation. The proposed inverter system provides a sinusoidal AC current for domestic loads and the utility line with unity power factor.
Stability of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunctions (2008)

Silicon heterojunction solar cells have demonstrated high efficiencies through excellent surface passivation. However, the use of amorphous silicon (a-Si) in the structure raises the question of long term stability as a-Si solar cells suffer degradation due to the Staebler-Wronski effect. The stability of a-Si in terms of its ability to passivate silicon wafers is evaluated by measuring the minority carrier lifetime and it is found to be unstable over time. The instability is most evident in thin, ∼ 10 nm, intrinsic a-Si only layers where lifetime falls from over 1ms immediately after annealing, to 300 μs one month later. The change in lifetime occurs even in the dark at room temperature with the largest fall in the first few days after deposition. The lifetime can be recovered close to its initial level by annealing the sample in air, indicating that the lifetime change is not due to a simple oxidation of the outer layer of a-Si. However, device measurements where an intrinsic/doped a-Si structure is used for the emitter and contact show no change in open circuit voltage or fill factor after one year. The changes in the passivation during processing has important implications for the sequence of device fabrication, the use of lifetime testing as a diagnostic tool and the passivation of all back contact devices.
Delocalized photonic deep learning on the internet’s edge (2022)

Advanced machine learning models are currently impossible to run on edge devices such as smart sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles owing to constraints on power, processing, and memory. We introduce an approach to machine learning inference based on delocalized analog processing across networks. In this approach, named Netcast, cloud-based "smart transceivers" stream weight data to edge devices, enabling ultraefficient photonic inference. We demonstrate image recognition at ultralow optical energy of 40 attojoules per multiply (<1 photon per multiply) at 98.8% (93%) classification accuracy. We reproduce this performance in a Boston-area field trial over 86 kilometers of deployed optical fiber, wavelength multiplexed over 3 terahertz of optical bandwidth. Netcast allows milliwatt-class edge devices with minimal memory and processing to compute at teraFLOPS rates reserved for high-power (>100 watts) cloud computers.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Achiral Additives to Increase the Stereoselectivity in Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanations. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A dual filtering scheme for nonlinear active noise control (2013)

SUMMARY Active noise control problems are often affected by nonlinear effects such as distortion and saturation of measurement and actuation devices, which call for suitable nonlinear models and algorithms. The active noise control problem can be interpreted as an indirect model identification problem, due to the secondary path dynamics that follow the control filter block. This complicates the weight update mechanism in the nonlinear case, in that the error gradient depends on the secondary path gradient through nonlinear recursions. A simpler and computationally less demanding approach is here proposed that employs the updating scheme of the standard filtered‐x least mean squares (LMS) or filtered‐u LMS algorithm. As in those schemes, the calculation of the error gradient requires a signal filtering through an auxiliary system, here obtained through a secondary adaptation loop. The resulting dual filtering LMS algorithm performs the adaptation of the controller parameters in a direct identification mode and can therefore be easily coupled with adaptive model structure selection schemes to provide online tuning of the model structure, for improved model robustness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Extremely Small Stress-Optic Coefficient Glass Single Mode Fibers for Current Sensor (1996)

Single mode fibers for the Faraday effect current sensor have been developed with extremely small stress-optic coefficient glass for core. The properties of the fiber and the characteristics of the sensor system constructed with the fiber exhibited the usefulness of the fiber for current sensor.
Quantitation of unbound sunitinib and its metabolite N‐desethyl sunitinib (SU12662) in human plasma by equilibrium dialysis and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: application to a pharmacokinetic study (2012)

A rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of unbound sunitinib and its active metabolite N-desethyl sunitinib in plasma. Plasma and post-dialysis buffer samples were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction procedure with acetonitrile-n-butylchloride (1:4, v/v). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters X-Terra® MS RP(18) column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (60:40, v/v) containing formic acid (0.1%, v/v) using an isocratic run, at a flow-rate of 0.2 mL/min. Analytes were detected by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in the selective reaction monitoring mode. Linear calibration curves were generated over the ranges 0.1-100 and 0.02-5 ng/mL for sunitinib and 0.2-200 and 0.04-10 ng/mL for N-desethyl sunitinib in plasma and in phosphate-buffered solution, respectively. The values for both within-day and between-day precision and accuracy were well within the generally accepted criteria for analytical methods. The analytical range was sufficient to determine the unbound and total concentrations of both analytes. The method was applied for measurement unbound concentrations in addition to total concentrations of sunitinib and its metabolite in plasma of a cancer patient receiving 50 mg daily dose.
Site-specific phosphorylation of PSD-95 dynamically regulates the postsynaptic density as observed by phase separation (2021)

Postsynaptic density protein 95 is a key scaffolding protein in the postsynaptic density of excitatory glutamatergic neurons, organizing signaling complexes primarily via its three PSD-95/Discs-large/Zona occludens domains. PSD-95 is regulated by phosphorylation, but technical challenges have limited studies of the molecular details. Here, we genetically introduced site-specific phosphorylations in single, tandem, and full-length PSD-95 and generated a total of 11 phosphorylated protein variants. We examined how these phosphorylations affected binding to known interaction partners and the impact on phase separation of PSD-95 complexes and identified two new phosphorylation sites with opposing effects. Phosphorylation of Ser78 inhibited phase separation with the glutamate receptor subunit GluN2B and the auxiliary protein stargazin, whereas phosphorylation of Ser116 induced phase separation with stargazin only. Thus, by genetically introducing phosphoserine site-specifically and exploring the impact on phase separation, we have provided new insights into the regulation of PSD-95 by phosphorylation and the dynamics of the PSD.
MR-HIFU Enhanced Volumetric Ablations (2011)

This study proposes to increase the ablated volume by sequential MR‐HIFU sonications exploiting the thermal diffusion of the previous sonications with a reduced cooling time between consecutive volumetric ablations. As result the use of an optimized sonication pattern provides an efficient (1.6 ml/kJ) and a fast (4.6 ml/min) ablation.
Development and Phenotypic Screening of an Ethyl Methane Sulfonate Mutant Population in Soybean (2018)

Soybean is an important oil-producing crop in the Fabaceae family and there are increasing demands for soybean oil and other soybean products. Genetic improvement of soybean is needed to increase its production. In order to provide genetic diversity and resources for identifying important genes, a new ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenized soybean population was generated using the newly released germplasm, JTN-5203 (maturity group V). Treatment of soybean seeds with 60 mM EMS concentration was found to be suitable for inducing mutation. A total of 1,820 M1 individuals were produced from 15,000 treated seeds. The resulting M2 population was planted in the field for phenotyping. After harvest, seed traits including total oil, protein, starch, moisture content, fatty acid and amino acid compositions were measured by NIR. Phenotypic variations observed in this population include changes in leaf morphology, plant architecture, seed compositions, and yield. Of most interest, we identified plants with increased amounts of total protein (50% vs. 41% for control) and plants with higher amounts of total oil (25% vs. 21.2% control). Similarly, we identified plants with increases in oleic acid content and decreases in linoleic acid and linolenic acid. This EMS mutant population will be used for further studies including screening for various traits such as amino acid pathways, allergens, phytic acids, and other important soybean agronomic traits. In addition, these mutant individuals will be evaluated in the next generation to assess the heritability. Beneficial traits from these mutants can be exploited for future soybean breeding programs. This germplasm can also be used for discovering novel mutant alleles and for functional gene expression analysis using reverse genetics tools such as TILLING.