gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erratum: Open-source, community-driven microfluidics with Metafluidics (2018)

Nat. Biotechnol. 35, 523–529 (2017); published online 7 June 2017; corrected after print 28 February 2018 In the version of this article initially published, the wrong Creative Commons Attribution license (cc-by-nc rather than cc-by) was inserted. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Improving Image Quality of the Sonic Flashlight for Venous Access (2007)

(US) device that replaces the conventional ultrasound (CUS) monitor with a small display and a semi-reflective/transparent mirror to reflect real-time US images into the body [1]. Looking through the mirror, the virtual US image appears to float beneath the skin, exactly where the scan is being obtained (Fig 1). The SF merges the US image, probe, needle, operator&amp;apos;s hands, and patient into the same field of view, making procedures more intuitive. In contrast, CUS displaces hand-eye coordination by forcing the operator to look away from the operating field to see the US display. We have previously used the SF to successfully place PICC lines in 15 patients [2]. However, because the sterile procedure requires a cover for the US probe, the visibility was significantly degraded. We have since redesigned the SF to solve this problem, and the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the functionality of our solution.
Label-free enumeration, collection and downstream cytological and cytogenetic analysis of circulating tumor cells (2016)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have a great potential as indicators of metastatic disease that may help physicians improve cancer prognostication, treatment and patient outcomes. Heterogeneous marker expression as well as the complexity of current antibody-based isolation and analysis systems highlights the need for alternative methods. In this work, we use a microfluidic Vortex device that can selectively isolate potential tumor cells from blood independent of cell surface expression. This system was adapted to interface with three protein-marker-free analysis techniques: (i) an in-flow automated image processing system to enumerate cells released, (ii) cytological analysis using Papanicolaou (Pap) staining and (iii) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting the ALK rearrangement. In-flow counting enables a rapid assessment of the cancer-associated large circulating cells in a sample within minutes to determine whether standard downstream assays such as cytological and cytogenetic analyses that are more time consuming and costly are warranted. Using our platform integrated with these workflows, we analyzed 32 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 22 breast cancer patient samples, yielding 60 to 100% of the cancer patients with a cell count over the healthy threshold, depending on the detection method used: respectively 77.8% for automated, 60-100% for cytology, and 80% for immunostaining based enumeration.
Compact device-level linearisation technique using a reduced complexity derivative superposition approach (2006)

An alternative derivative superposition (DS) approach is proposed to reduce nonlinear distortions in field effect transistors (FETs). Based on the conventional DS method, the described technique offers a compromise to intermodulation correction capability and circuit complexity. Intermodulation cancellation is achieved by synthesising a small-ripple transconductance derivative for a given range of input signal levels. The impact of the proposed technique on linearity and gain degradation is analysed and evaluated experimentally. The designed two- section DS-devices show an improvement in third- order intermodulation distortion of more than 7 dB over a dynamic range of 8.4 dB without degrading gain more than 0.25 dB.
High frequency susceptibility of closure domain structures calculated using micromagnetic modeling (2006)

In this work we use micromagnetic simulation to compute the complex magnetic susceptibility of several Permalloy elements having closure domain structures. The average imaginary susceptibility of the structures typically shows multiple maxima, indicating multiple ferromagnetic resonance modes. Two-dimensional maps of the susceptibility show that the lower frequency resonances (0.9–1.5GHz) are typically associated with 90° domain walls, while higher frequency resonances (2–4GHz) are associated with regions of more uniform magnetization oriented orthogonal to the driving field. This trend is understood by looking at the total local fields within each resonating regions. Quantitative agreement is found between the resonance frequencies predicted by a simple Kittel analysis and those observed in these different regions, when all components of the local field (demagnetization, exchange, anisotropy, and external fields) are considered. In the lower resonant frequency domain wall regions, the resonance condition is set by the small positive difference between a large demagnetizing field that stiffens the magnetic system and a large internal exchange fields that softens the magnetic system. In contrast, the relatively uniform magnetization regions are marked either by a large exchange field acting as the stiffening term and slightly overcoming a large demagnetizing term or a small demagnetizing term acting as the stiffening term and overcoming an even smaller exchange field.
University - National Laboratory Collaboration on MEMS Design Education (2001)

Abstract The paper describes the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering approach in educating graduate students in MEMS technology. The approach is based on a collaboration project between the Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University - Florida State University College of Engineering (FAMU-FSU COE) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The project aims at developing a line of electrostatically and magnetically actuated surface micromachined pumps. The paper describes our experience in this collaboration program and illustrates the educational aspects of SNL MEMS design tools. The paper also describes the micropump designs developed in the first phase of the project. The pumps are being fabricated at this time. Results related to performance will be presented at a later time. However, an overview of the work to be done in the next phase is also presented.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Modified inside and out for ON:OFF pH-Modulated Cargo Release (2021)

Highly efficient pH-modulated cargo release was achieved with a new hybrid nanocarrier composed of a mesoporous silica core with functionalized pores and a grafted pH-responsive crosslinked polymer shell of 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (pKa ≈ 6.5). The retention/release performance of the system was optimized by a novel approach using selective functionalization of the silica pores to tune the carrier-cargo interaction and by tunning the amount of grafted polymer. The system features excellent retention of cationic cargo at low pH and a burst release at higher pH. This results from the expanded-collapsed conformation transition of the pH-responsive polymer shell and the simultaneous change in the interaction between the cargo and the polymer shell and the modified pore walls. At low pH, the electrostatic interaction of the cationic cargo with the protonated amine groups of the extended polymer shell retains the cargo, resulting in very low leakage (OFF state). At high pH, the electrostatic interaction with the cargo is lost (due to deprotonation of the polymer amine groups), and the polymer shell collapses, squeezing out the cargo in a burst release (ON state). Pore functionalization in combination with the stimuli-responsive polymer shell is a very promising strategy to design high-performance ON:OFF smart hybrid nanocarriers for stimuli-actuated cargo release, with great potential for application in the controlled release of drugs and other biologically active agents.
A low leakage low cost-PMOS based power supply clamp with active feedback for ESD protection in 65nm CMOS technologies (2005)

A novel PMOS based power supply protection clamp is presented which is designed to operate in a state-of-the art 65 nm, low leakage CMOS process. The design is shown to be amenable to the inherent challenges posed by low cost I/O transistors. Robust ESD and electrical operation is shown as well as immunity to transient latch-up.
Passivity-based sample selection and adaptive vector fitting algorithm for pole-residue modeling of sparse frequency-domain data (2005)

An adaptive sampling and modeling technique is presented for accurate broadband modeling of highly dynamic systems, based on a sparse set of support samples. The method is numerically more stable than conventional approaches, while desired physical properties such as system stability, causality and even passivity can be imposed. The algorithm adaptively selects a quasi-optimal sample distribution and model complexity. During the modeling process, no prior knowledge of the system's dynamics is used.
Direct AC–AC Converters Using Commercial Power Modules Applied to Voltage Restorers (2010)

The focus of this paper is the study of direct alternating-current (ac)-ac converters, beginning by buck, half-bridge, full-bridge, and push-pull converters. From the basic converters, we apply a simple methodology to make the use of switches in commercial configurations possible. Following that, eight voltage restorers supplied either on the line side or on the load side are proposed. A comparative evaluation of these topologies concerning implementation, complexity, and component effort is presented. It is notable that some of the studied topologies are known in the literature and others are new. For one of the presented topologies, the design of a 3-kVA voltage restorer is developed, and experimental results are shown, certifying the correct operation of the drive strategy used.
Modeling of Coupled Vertical and Longitudinal Dynamics of Bicycles for Brake and Suspension Control (2019)

On vehicles there exists a close coupling between brake and suspension dynamics, making semi-active damper control a promising way for brake maneuver optimization, which has been widely researched in the automotive and motorcycle field. Experimental data of bicycle dynamics analyzed in this paper show substantial differences to classical vehicle dynamics. By first-principle control-oriented modeling and full vehicle nonlinear multibody simulation it is shown that this can be traced back to two phenomena: the dynamic rider response and fork bending. These are very general effects, but crucial for vehicle dynamics control on bicycles, one of the most widely used means of transportation.
Structures of C1-IgG1 provide insights into how danger pattern recognition activates complement (2018)

Danger patterns on microbes or damaged host cells bind and activate C1, inducing innate immune responses and clearance through the complement cascade. How these patterns trigger complement initiation remains elusive. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy analyses of C1 bound to monoclonal antibodies in which we observed heterogeneous structures of single and clustered C1-immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) hexamer complexes. Distinct C1q binding sites are observed on the two Fc-CH2 domains of each IgG molecule. These are consistent with known interactions and also reveal additional interactions, which are supported by functional IgG1-mutant analysis. Upon antibody binding, the C1q arms condense, inducing rearrangements of the C1r<sub>2</sub>s<sub>2</sub> proteases and tilting C1q's cone-shaped stalk. The data suggest that C1r may activate C1s within single, strained C1 complexes or between neighboring C1 complexes on surfaces.
p38 MAPK- and SAPK/JNK-related pathways contribute to increased tube formation in EPCs under low concentrated oxLDL. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Following treatment of EPCs with 0–50 μg/mL of oxLDL for 4 hours, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, SAPK/JNK and ERK1/2 were analyzed by Western blot. The total p38 MAPK, SAPK/JNK, ERK1/2, and β-actin protein levels were used as loading controls. The graph showed the quantitative activation of p38 MAPK (phospho-p38MAPK/total- p38MAPK ratio), SAPK/JNK (phospho-SAPK/JNK/total-SAPK/JNK ratio), and Akt (phospho-ERK1/2/total-ERK1/2 ratio) density in oxLDL-treated EPCs. (B) EPCs were pretreated with SP600125, PD98059, or SB203580 for 1 hour prior to treatment with 5 or 50 μg/mL oxLDL for 24 hours. (C) Treatment of SP600125, PD98059, or SB203580 alone for 24 hours. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; angiogenesis was assayed using ECMatrix gel. (D) EPCs were pretreated with SP600125 or SB203580 for 1 hour prior to treatment with 5 μg/mL oxLDL for 24 hours. The NO-containing conditional medium was analyzed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three experiments performed in triplicate. *&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. (E) EPCs were pretreated with SP600125 or SB203580 for 1 hour prior to treatment with 5 μg/mL oxLDL for 2 hours, subsequently Akt activation (phosphorylation) was analyzed by Western blot. Total Akt protein levels were used as loading controls.&lt;/p&gt;
Future trends and applications of ultra-clean technology (2003)

It is demonstrated that ultraclean technology is a crucial factor in developing high-quality processing technology for future ULSI fabrication. The simultaneous realization of three conditions, i.e. an ultraclean processing environment, an ultraclean wafer surface, and perfect process-parameter control, is what makes it possible to realize high-quality processing. A novel process flow for advanced CMOS device fabrication has been established by introducing total low-temperature processing as well as metal fluoridation technology, both of which have been realized for the first time by ultraclean technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Securing computer hardware using 3D integrated circuit (IC) technology and split manufacturing for obfuscation (2013)

The fabrication of digital Integrated Circuits (ICs) is increasingly outsourced. Given this trend, security is recognized as an important issue. The threat agent is an attacker at the IC foundry that has information about the circuit and inserts covert, malicious circuitry. The use of 3D IC technology has been suggested as a possible technique to counter this threat. However, to our knowledge, there is no prior work on how such technology can be used effectively. We propose a way to use 3D IC technology for security in this context. Specifically, we obfuscate the circuit by lifting wires to a trusted tier, which is fabricated separately. This is referred to as split manufacturing. For this setting, we provide a precise notion of security, that we call k-security, and a characterization of the underlying computational problems and their complexity. We further propose a concrete approach for identifying sets of wires to be lifted, and the corresponding security they provide. We conclude with a comprehensive empirical assessment with benchmark circuits that highlights the security versus cost trade-offs introduced by 3D IC based circuit obfuscation.
AP-MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Gangliosides Using 2,6-Dihydroxyacetophenone (2018)

Matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is widely used as a unique tool to record the distribution of a large range of biomolecules in tissues. 2,6-Dihydroxyacetophenone (DHA) matrix has been shown to provide efficient ionization of lipids, especially gangliosides. The major drawback for DHA as it applies to MS imaging is that it sublimes under vacuum (low pressure) at the extended time necessary to complete both high spatial and mass resolution MSI studies of whole organs. To overcome the problem of sublimation, we used an atmospheric pressure (AP)-MALDI source to obtain high spatial resolution images of lipids in the brain using a high mass resolution mass spectrometer. Additionally, the advantages of atmospheric pressure and DHA for imaging gangliosides are highlighted. The imaging of [M-H]<sup>-</sup> and [M-H<sub>2</sub>O-H]<sup>-</sup> mass peaks for GD<sub>1</sub> gangliosides showed different distribution, most likely reflecting the different spatial distribution of GD<sub>1a</sub> and GD<sub>1b</sub> species in the brain. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Pathomechanism of entrapment neuropathy in diabetic and nondiabetic rats reared in wire cages. (2008)

To examine the pathomechanism of entrapment neuropathy associated with diabetes with special emphasis on the roles of mast cells and Tenascin-C using a rat model of Streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The roles of mast cells and Tenascin-C in development of tarsal tunnel syndrome were analyzed electrophysiologically and histologically in 20 male Ws/Ws-/-rats (mast cell deficient) and 20 of their male wild type counterparts (12-16 weeks old; 250-300 g). Rats were assigned randomly to one of the following three groups; diabetic group and nondiabetic group reared in cages with a wire grid flooring; non-diabetic group in cages with sawdust covered plastic flooring. No significant role for mast cells in entrapment neuropathy was found in the rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Distal latency was prolonged in diabetic rats compared with nondiabetic rats, and positively correlated with increases in blood glucose levels. Tenascin-C expression levels in the endoneurium at the tarsal tunnel in diabetic rats were found to be correlated with distal latency. The anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive myofibroblast was scattered in nerve fascicles overexpressing Tenascin-C. It seems likely that Tenascin-C expressing myofibroblasts constrict axons by inducing collagen contraction of the endoneurium. Our data indicate that metabolic and phenotypic abnormalities of endoneurium and perineum lie behind the vulnerability of diabetic patients to entrapment neuropathy.
Introduction of Twisted Backbone: A New Strategy to Achieve Efficient Blue Fluorescence Emitter with Delayed Emission (2017)

By introducing an acceptor which contains double sulfonyl groups and a twisted biphenyl core, an efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter is successfully developed. Comparative study and analysis are carried out on it with an analogous molecule, which also imports two sulfonyl groups as acceptors and exactly same donor units but shows stretched shape and displays green emission. Results of quantum chemistry computation estimate that the introduction of such a twisted backbone is beneficial to increase energies of both singlet and triplet states. As a contrast to its counterpart, the newly developed blue emission compound with contorted structure enables a desirable emission with a peak wavelength of 460 nm and superior photoluminescence quantum yield up to 82%. Moreover, remarkable external quantum efficiency over 24% and Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates with total ( x + y ) value &lt;0.4 are achieved from the electroluminescent device based on the blue emitter, while this value is almost twice to that of the green emission device based on its analog.
High Resolution Downhole Measurements of Porosity and Fluid Saturation While Core Drilling (2002)

Abstract A new method is presented for making high resolution, downhole measurements of porosity and fluid saturations while coring drilling. The method relies on a bank of sensors located in the inner core barrel directly above the drill bit. The sensors allow measurements to be made as the core enters the core barrel and passes by the sensor array. The well-defined cylindrical geometry allows us to construct a cross sectional image of the core at high-resolution (cm scale). The core can then be retrieved to the surface or disaggregated and circulated out as cuttings. Experimental results are reported for an array of 32 equally spaced electrodes around a cylinder. The electrodes were fired in the opposite protocol, where current is injected across opposite electrodes and measurements of potential differences were made between all other adjacent pairs. The data were then numerically inverted to obtain electrical impedence images (tomograms) of several cross-sections of the core. Results are presented for an oil-saturated 4-inch diameter core from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. To test the validity of the electrical tomograms, the core was also X-ray CT scanned at high resolution to obtain accurate maps of porosity and oil saturations. A comparison of oil saturations from the electrical tomograms with the CT images shows good agreement. The possible application of other types of sensors and how they may be used in conjunction with electrical measurements is also discussed. Our results show that it may be possible to make measurements of porosity and fluid saturations down-hole, directly behind the bit, using the proposed method.
OSMOTIC TOLERANCE AND REGULATION IN CRABS FROM A HYPERSALINE LAGOON (1961)

1. The crabs Pachygrapsus crassipes and Hemigrapsus oregonsis were found thriving in an hypersaline lagoon which had been isolated from the sea for months and had attained salinities in excess of 175% of normal. 2. Contrary to previous reports Hemigrapsus was found to be a strong hypo-osmotic regulator in concentrations as high as 175% sea water. The discrepancy between previous laboratory findings and the field results of the present investigation are attributed to the prolonged acclimatization period in lagoon water of gradually increasing salinity and to severe selection permitting only hypo-regulators to be sampled. 3. No living Hemigrapsus were found in the lagoon when the salinities had exceeded 180% sea water. 4. Pachygrapsus, as was expected from previous studies, was regulating osmotically in the lagoon when the concentrations were above 185% sea water. 5. Both Pachygrapsus and Hemigrapsus can tolerate blood concentrations in excess of 160% sea water and remain active. 6. Pachygrapsus is a stronger hypo-osmotic regulator than Hemigrapsus. Since it maintains its blood Mg considerably lower than does Hemigrapsus in concentrated sea water, the stronger ability to hypo-regulate may be made possible by the greater capacity on the part of Pachygrapsus to excrete Mg. 7. The urine Mg for Hemigrapsus is about equal in concentration to that of Pachygrapsus when the crabs are immersed in 175% sea water, even though the blood Mg concentration is more than three times higher than that of Pachygrapsus. 8. Hemigrapsus is a stronger regulator of Na in hypersaline water than is Pachygrapsus. 9. The antennary glands in both Pachygrapsus and Hemigrapsus are ineffective as organs of hypo-osmotic regulation. 10. When Pachygrapsus is transferred from normal to concentrated sea water the volume of its muscle tissue, as indicated by water content, becomes reduced. This reduction in volume persists in hypersaline waters even after months of immersion. Thus, there is no evidence of volume control for muscle tissue. 11. After months of isolation in a hypersaline lagoon Pachygrapsus shows a preference for normal sea water when offered a choice of salinities and will avoid the hypersaline water from which it has been captured. 12. Evidence is produced showing that coastal lagoons present selective pressures favoring: (1) hyper-osmotic regulation, (2) hypo-osmotic regulation, and (3) aerial respiration, three physiological characteristics common to terrestrial and semi-terrestrial crabs. Coastal lagoons are suggested as ideal sites for the evolution of land crabs.