gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5-(2-Aminoethyl)dibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridin-6-ones:  Variation of N-Alkyl Substituents Modulates Sensitivity to Efflux Transporters Associated with Multidrug Resistance (2005)

5H-8,9-dimethoxy-5-(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3-methylenedioxydibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridin-6-one (ARC-111) has potent TOP1-targeting activity and pronounced antitumor activity. Several analogues of ARC-111 were synthesized with NH2, N-alkyl, N,N-dialkyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and piperazinyl substituents at the 2-position of the 5-ethyl group. The relative TOP1-targeting activity and cytotoxicity of these structural analogues were assessed in RPMI8402 and P388 tumor cells and their camptothecin-resistant variants CPT-K5 and P388/CPT45, respectively. Potent TOP1-targeting activity was retained within a series of mono N-alkyl analogues that included NHCH2CH3, NHCH(CH3)2, and NHC(CH3)3. TOP1-targeting activity was diminished by the presence of a N-benzyl moiety. In a comparison of a series of N-alkyl-N-isopropyl analogues, activity decreased in the order CH3 > CH2CH3 > CH(CH3)2. Cytotoxicity in RPMI8402 and P388 did correlate with TOP1-targeting activity. Cytotoxic activity was also determined in KB3-1 cells and its variants KB/V-1 and KBH5.0. As KB/V-1 cells overexpress MDR1 and KBH5.0 cells overexpress BCRP, decreased cytotoxicity in these cell lines relative to the parent cell line is indicative of compounds that are substrates for these efflux transporters. In view of their diminished cytotoxicity in KB/V-1 cells, it appears that the likely demethylated metabolites of ARC-111, i.e., where NH2 or NHCH3 replaces the N(CH3)2 at the 2-position of the 5-ethyl substituent, are substrates for MDR1. In contrast, no significant difference in cytotoxicity among these three cell lines was observed with other N-alkyl analogues, including NHC2H5, NHCH(CH3)2, NHC(CH3)3, N(CH3)2, N(CH2CH3)2, NCH3(CH(CH3)2), and either the pyrrolidinyl or the piperidinyl analogues. The 2-(piperazinyl) analogues were associated with diminished cytotoxicity in KB/V-1 cells, suggesting that the second basic amino substituent is associated with their recognition as substrates by MDR1. Comparative studies on the antitumor activity of ARC-111 and its N-demethylated derivatives (the NHCH3 and NH2 analogues) against SJ-BT45 medulloblastoma xenografts in scid mice revealed that the secondary amine metabolite is at least as active as ARC-111 in vivo, although the primary amine derivative was significantly less potent.
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA ALTERS ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION (2001)

While there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that hypercholesterolemia prior to the onset of atherosclerosis renders tissues more susceptible to inflammation, the mechanisms that underlie this exaggerated inflammatory response remain poorly defined. The overall objective of this study was to assess the influence of hypercholesterolemia on endotoxin-induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression in different vascular beds. Another objective was to determine whether the altered endothelial CAM expression in hypercholesterolemic animals is associated with a corresponding change in plasma cytokine levels. Male Sprague/Dawley rats (SD) were placed either on a normal (control) or high cholesterol (HC) diet for 3 weeks. The dual radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) technique was used to measure the expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in different vascular beds after intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (LPS) derived from Salmonella abortus equi. LPS induced a significant increase in the expression of all endothelial CAMs in both normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic groups. However, hypercholesterolemia enhanced LPS-induced expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 in several vascular beds, while VCAM-1 expression was unaffected. Thrombocytopenia, induced with anti-platelet serum, did not alter LPS-induced P-selectin expression in either group, suggesting that platelets do not contribute to this response. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with an exaggerated increase in plasma TNF-alpha, but not IL-1beta, after LPS treatment. These results indicate that hypercholesterolemia in rats may render tissues more vulnerable to the inflammatory effects of LPS by enhancing the expression of certain endothelial CAMs.
Control using joint torque sensor of robot arm with two‐inertia resonance: Comparison with control using state‐estimation observer (2006)

Abstract Most industrial robots are driven through reduction gears such as Harmonic Drives and RV gears. Due to the flexibility of the drive system, vibratory behavior occurs during operation. When flexibility is considered, the drive system of the robot joint can be modeled as a resonant mechanical system called a two‐inertia system. Conventionally, studies of two‐inertia system have discussed semiclosed‐loop control using only motor information and a state observer. On the other hand, joint torque sensing of robots has been studied in the harmonic drives that are widely used in robot joints. The joint torque sensor is becoming available with higher performance. In this paper, we consider the control of a robot arm having two‐inertia resonance by using the joint torque sensor. The performance of the torque sensor and that of the observer are compared. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(2): 75–84, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20226
Online tuning method for current measurement offsets and gain deviations for SPMSM (2012)

AC servo motors are operated by current sensors. However, these current sensors often exhibit offsets caused by age-related deterioration and thermal variation. Gain deviation also causes current measurement errors. These errors lead to torque ripples and dq-axis current ripples. This paper proposes a new method of estimating and compensating for gain deviation in current measurement using a current simulator. The method uses dq-axis current ripples arising from sensed current and estimated current. Thus, it can be applied in conjunction with a proposed offset estimation method. In this paper, the methods are tested on a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor, in which the current sensors are arranged in u-phase and w-phase. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed methods suppress current and torque ripples caused by offset and gain deviation in current sensors.
Concurrent Design of Interior-Permanent-Magnet Machines for Self-Sensing and Power Conversion (2012)

This paper presents the concurrent design of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines for self-sensing and power conversion. Simulations with finite-element analysis are mainly used to gain insight of magnetic behavior and flux characteristics in the evaluated machines. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis flux barriers are used in the concurrent rotor design due to their effective reduction in saturation effect from load current. A saliency characteristic with L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> >; L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> obtained, and benefits in self-sensing and power conversion are found in the concurrent design of IPM machines. Design effects of different rotor structure parts are also evaluated.
Applied nonlinear dynamics and stochastic systems near the millenium : San Diego, CA July 1997 (1997)

It is clear from current applications in signal processing, lasers, molecular motors, and the control of biomedical anomalies, that nonlinear dynamics pervades systems that we deal with every day. This work discusses nonlinear phenomena in random environments, with a view to their implementation in real devices and applications. In addition, it gives greater exposure to younger, promising researchers who seldom are able to speak at international meetings, while also providing several review talks by established individuals. The book emphasizes applications of nonlinear dynamical systems theory in fields as diverse as neuroscience and biomedical engineering, fluids, chaos control, nonlinear signal/image processing, stochastic resonance, devices, and nonlinear dynamics in socioeconomic systems. In particular, presentations were chosen which described methods being actively implemented to solve real problems.
Health and Safety Projects in the College of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley (1998)

The College of Chemistry Health and Safety Program (CCHASP) at the University of California, Berkeley, has been established to oversee the daily responsibilities of health and safety compliance. CCHASP is a progressive organization dedicated to ensuring that the College of Chemistry is a safe and healthy workplace. In response to the College's diverse research and teaching programs, CCHASP, has developed several programs specifically tailored for a chemical sciences and engineering research institute. Two of these programs, namely our laboratory safety seminars and comprehensive laboratory inspections, have documentable training features which compliment and thus reinforce each other. Health and safety training not only emphasizes an individual's responsibilities, but also those of a research group. Our undergraduate laboratory safety training program is also presented.
Expansion of human cytomegalovirus‐specific T lymphocytes from unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with artificial antigen‐presenting cells (2007)

Herein is reported the successful in vitro expansion of CMV-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells from unfractionated PBMNCs of healthy CMV-seropositive blood donors by the use of HLA-A2-Ig-based aAPCs. This study demonstrates that more than 1x10(7) CMV-specific T cells can be generated from approximately 1x10(7) unfractionated PBMNCs within 1 month under highly reproducible conditions.
Optimization of a Light Guide for High Resolution PET Detectors Using GATE Optical Simulation (2018)

A small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanner employs a scintillation crystal with a small cross section to improve the spatial resolution. However, the identification of crystals becomes more difficult as the cross section of the crystal is reduced. In particular, the identification of edge crystals is more difficult than the central crystals. The aim of this study is to optimize a light guide design of a small animal PET detector to improve the resolvability of the edge crystals using GATEv6.2 optical simulation. The small animal PET module consists of an 11 × 11 array of pixelated LYSO crystals (0.92×0.92×10.0 mm3), a 1 mm thick light guide, and a 4 × 4 array SiPM (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan; S13361-3050NE-04; each channel has an effective area of 3 × 3 mm2). The optical characteristics of LYSO and the SiPM were taken into account for the GATEv6.2 optical simulation. In order to improve the crystal resolvability in the edge and corner regions, four air slits were inserted into the light guide. The flood map was obtained with various slit depths of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 mm, respectively. The identification of the corner crystals could be improved by using a combination of a light guide thickness of 1 mm, and a slit depth of 0.5 mm without compromising energy resolution. In future, the optical simulation results will be validated by an experimental measurement.
A Macrophage−Nanozyme Delivery System for Parkinson's Disease (2007)

Selective delivery of antioxidants to the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) during Parkinson's disease (PD) can potentially attenuate oxidative stress and as such increase survival of dopaminergic neurons. To this end, we developed a bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) system to deliver catalase to PD-affected brain regions in an animal model of human disease. To preclude BMM-mediated enzyme degradation, catalase was packaged into a block ionomer complex with a cationic block copolymer, polyethyleneimine-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEI-PEG). The self-assembled catalase/PEI-PEG complexes, "nanozymes", were ca. 60 to 100 nm in size, stable in pH and ionic strength, and retained antioxidant activities. Cytotoxicity was negligible over a range of physiologic nanozyme concentrations. Nanozyme particles were rapidly, 40-60 min, taken up by BMM, retained catalytic activity, and released in active form for greater than 24 h. In contrast, "naked" catalase was rapidly degraded. The released enzyme decomposed microglial hydrogen peroxide following nitrated alpha-synuclein or tumor necrosis factor alpha activation. Following adoptive transfer of nanozyme-loaded BMM to 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-intoxicated mice, ca. 0.6% of the injected dose were found in brain. We conclude that cell-mediated delivery of nanozymes can reduce oxidative stress in laboratory and animal models of PD.
Concept and convention (1980)

Abstract There are, of course, many books on the history of photography, among them fundamental and profound works like those of Beaumont Newhall, Helmut Gernsheim, and Otto Stelzer. However, since 1931, when Walter Benjamin's Kleine Geschichte der Photographie was published, only a few books on the aesthetics of the photographic medium have appeared in print. Here is one of those, and one that provokes analysis and contradiction.
Neural scene graph rendering (2021)

We present a neural scene graph---a modular and controllable representation of scenes with elements that are learned from data. We focus on the forward rendering problem, where the scene graph is provided by the user and references learned elements. The elements correspond to geometry and material definitions of scene objects and constitute the leaves of the graph; we store them as high-dimensional vectors. The position and appearance of scene objects can be adjusted in an artist-friendly manner via familiar transformations, e.g. translation, bending, or color hue shift, which are stored in the inner nodes of the graph. In order to apply a (non-linear) transformation to a learned vector, we adopt the concept of linearizing a problem by lifting it into higher dimensions: we first encode the transformation into a high-dimensional matrix and then apply it by standard matrix-vector multiplication. The transformations are encoded using neural networks. We render the scene graph using a streaming neural renderer, which can handle graphs with a varying number of objects, and thereby facilitates scalability. Our results demonstrate a precise control over the learned object representations in a number of animated 2D and 3D scenes. Despite the limited visual complexity, our work presents a step towards marrying traditional editing mechanisms with learned representations, and towards high-quality, controllable neural rendering.
Unraveling the activation mechanism of olfactory receptors. Towards the future of structure odor relationships (2014)

Unraveling the activation mechanism of olfactory receptors. Towards the future of structure odor relationships. 14. Weurman flavour research symposium
Heterogeneously Integrated GaAs Waveguides on Insulator for Efficient Frequency Conversion (2018)

Abstract Tremendous scientific progress has been achieved through the development of nonlinear integrated photonics. Prominent examples are Kerr frequency comb generation in microresonators, and supercontinuum generation and frequency conversion in nonlinear photonic waveguides. A high conversion efficiency is enabling for applications of nonlinear optics, including such broad directions as high‐speed optical signal processing, metrology, and quantum communication and computation. In this work, a gallium‐arsenide‐on‐insulator (GaAs) platform for nonlinear photonics is demonstrated. GaAs has among the highest second‐ and third‐order nonlinear optical coefficients, and the use of a silica cladding results in waveguides with a large refractive index contrast and low propagation loss for expanded designs of nonlinear processes. By harnessing these properties and developing nanofabrication with GaAs, a record normalized second‐harmonic efficiency of 13 000% W −1 cm −2 at a fundamental wavelength of 2 µm is reported. This work paves the way for high performance nonlinear photonic integrated circuits, which not only can transition advanced functionalities outside the lab through fundamentally reduced power consumption and footprint, but also enables future optical sources and detectors.
Magnetoresistive sensor based scanning probe microscopy (2009)

Integrated sensors are essential for scanning probe microscopy (SPM) based systems where a large number of cantilevers are employed in parallel for high-throughput. However, common integrated sensors such as piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive and thermoelectric, suffer from low bandwidth and/or low resolution. In this work, a novel magnetoresistive (MR) sensor based scanning probe microscopy technique is presented which can detect the deflection of the cantilever with nano-scale resolution and a bandwidth in excess of 1 MHz. This technique is suitable for high-speed imaging using integrated sensors which can be fabricated using micro-electromechanical-system (MEMS) and thin-film technology to make large scale parallel-SPM devices.
Ascending infection of the biliary tract after surgical sphincterotomy and biliary stenting (1992)

It has been widely accepted that there is an ascending route of bacterial infection of the biliary tract but there is a lack of direct evidence. This hypothesis was tested in an animal experiment using the cat as an animal model. The implantation of biliary stents and surgical sphincterotomy were performed in these animals, with sham controls. Stents bypassing the sphincter of Oddi with the tip in the duodenal micro-organisms and the biliary tract was heavily contaminated. Blockage of these stents resulted in biliary obstruction. Stents implanted within the common bile duct, proximal to the sphincter were largely unaffected by biofilm formation. After surgical sphincterotomy the biliary tract was also contaminated but, in the absence of obstruction, the animals did not develop any symptoms. It was concluded that ascending infection by duodenal biliary reflux, via the sphincter of Oddi, is an important route of infection in the biliary system.
David Burckel and S.R.J. Brueck (2003)

Photonic crystal slabs composed of spin-on-glass and SU-8 epoxy are investigated. Fabrication details as well as optical measurements of both passive and active structures will be presented.
Bayesian Filtering in Spiking Neural Networks: Noise, Adaptation, and Multisensory Integration (2008)

A key requirement facing organisms acting in uncertain dynamic environments is the real-time estimation and prediction of environmental states, based on which effective actions can be selected. While it is becoming evident that organisms employ exact or approximate Bayesian statistical calculations for these purposes, it is far less clear how these putative computations are implemented by neural networks in a strictly dynamic setting. In this work, we make use of rigorous mathematical results from the theory of continuous time point process filtering and show how optimal real-time state estimation and prediction may be implemented in a general setting using simple recurrent neural networks. The framework is applicable to many situations of common interest, including noisy observations, non-Poisson spike trains (incorporating adaptation), multisensory integration, and state prediction. The optimal network properties are shown to relate to the statistical structure of the environment, and the benefits of adaptation are studied and explicitly demonstrated. Finally, we recover several existing results as appropriate limits of our general setting.
Nonimaging optics and the Liouville theorem in the XUV region (1987)

In general, Liouville's theorem holds for any time-reversible Hamiltonian system including the geometrical optics (both imaging and nonimaging 1,2 ) model of monochromatic rays, where, in Hamiltonian formulation, 2 the z -coordinate is treated as a parameter equivalent to the time variable in statistical classical mechanics. Thus the so-called ideal nonimaging optical elements, well known in the IR/VIS/UV region, 1,3 can also be introduced to the collimation and concentration of XUV electromagnetic radiation (1–100 nm). Contrary to the IR/VIS/UV region, where the nonimagng elements are based on either metallic reflection or dielectric total internal reflection, the XUV concentrators/collimators are based on grazing incidence total external reflection, since the refractive index of all optical materials is smaller than 1 in the XUV region.
The design of a new potent and selective ligand for the orphan bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS3) (2004)

Extensive SAR studies on the unselective BRS3 agonist, [H-D-Phe6,beta-Ala11,Phe13,Nle14]-bombesin-(6-14)-nonapeptide amide, have highlighted structural features important for BRS3 activity and have provided guidance as to the design of selective agonists. A radically modified heptapeptide agonist, maintaining only the Trp-Ala moiety of the parent [H-D-Phe6,betaAla11,Phe13,Nle14]-peptide amide, and with a very different carboxyl terminal region, has been produced which was potent at BRS3 and essentially had no NMB or GRP receptor activity. Its structure is Ac-Phe-Trp-Ala-His(tauBzl)-Nip-Gly-Arg-NH2.
Fluorescent Phosphorus Dendrimers: Towards Material and Biological Applications (2019)

Fluorescent derivatives of phosphorhydrazone dendrimers are reviewed. Diverse types of fluorophores have been used, such as pyrene, naphthol, anthracene, dansyl, diketone, phthalocyanine, maleimide, julolidine, rhodamine, fluorescein, or fluorene derivatives. The fluorescent groups can be located either as terminal groups on the surface, at the core, linked to the core (off-center), or to the branches of the dendritic structure. After fundamental research on their synthesis, these compounds have been used in the fields of catalysis, nanomaterials, OLEDs, sensors and biology/nanomedicine, in particular for monitoring transfection, or for their anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties.
Mortality associated with tracheostomy complications in the United States: 2007–2016 (2018)

NA Laryngoscope, 129:619-626, 2019.
Genetic variability of the V1 and V2 env domains of SIVcpz‐ant and neutralization pattern of plasma viruses in a chimpanzee infected naturally (2001)

Specific neutralizing epitope changes have been observed in a chimpanzee infected naturally with SIVcpz, which differ from HIV-1 infecting humans. To characterize further these changes, a longitudinal study of env genomic sequence variation of SIVcpz-ant isolates was undertaken in this animal. The V1 and V2 regions of the env were determined to arise from specific recombination events. To determine whether recombination of the V1 and V2 domains was possibly associated with the emergence of neutralization escape viruses, envelope sequences and gene length polymorphisms from PBMC and plasma viral variants were studied over a 7-year period. PBMCs and plasma-associated infectious virus titers as well as plasma RNA viral loads were monitored longitudinally. The first 5 viruses isolated from the plasma were found to be neutralization escape variants. Sequence analysis of their V1 and the V2 regions indicated that a 20 amino acid stretch of the V1 region had undergone recombination and was also associated with the emergence of isolates eliciting strong neutralization responses. These findings support the hypothesis that recombination of the V1 and V2 regions of the envelope play a role in neutralization escape of SIVcpz in chimpanzees infected naturally. Furthermore, the data confirm that the neutralizing antibody response plays an important role in the decline of plasma infectious virus titers in HIV-1 related SIVcpz nonpathogenic infection.