gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Are dissatisfied democrats critical? Reevaluating the concept of the critical citizen (2017)

Abstract Several studies have used the terms “critical citizen” and “dissatisfied democrat” interchangeably, assuming that both address the same citizen profile. However, recent studies conducted in new democracies have questioned this assumption, arguing that those who are dissatisfied are not always critical. This article investigates this question based on a comparison of the United States and Brazil. Beginning with the classification of two types of citizens, “dissatisfied democrats” and “critical democrats”, we appraise whether dissatisfied democrats are critical. Then, we test which of these two types of citizens is more engaged and has attitudes that are more democratic. The results show that dissatisfied democrats are not necessarily critical and that critical democrats are more engaged in politics and more committed to democracy than non-critical democrats.
Qualitative demonstration of spectral diversity filtering using spherical beam volume holograms (2004)

We investigate the feasibility of designing spectral diversity filters using spherical beam volume holograms. Our experimental results qualitatively show the separation of the information of different incident wavelength channels using spherical beam volume holograms. The major trade-off in using these holograms is between the degree of spatial spectral diversity and the number of allowed spatial modes (or the divergence angle) of the incident beam.
Wearable Inertial Sensors to Assess Standing Balance: A Systematic Review (2019)

Wearable sensors are de facto revolutionizing the assessment of standing balance. The aim of this work is to review the state-of-the-art literature that adopts this new posturographic paradigm, i.e., to analyse human postural sway through inertial sensors directly worn on the subject body. After a systematic search on PubMed and Scopus databases, two raters evaluated the quality of 73 full-text articles, selecting 47 high-quality contributions. A good inter-rater reliability was obtained (Cohen's kappa = 0.79). This selection of papers was used to summarize the available knowledge on the types of sensors used and their positioning, the data acquisition protocols and the main applications in this field (e.g., "active aging", biofeedback-based rehabilitation for fall prevention, and the management of Parkinson's disease and other balance-related pathologies), as well as the most adopted outcome measures. A critical discussion on the validation of wearable systems against gold standards is also presented.
Network In Node Advertisement (2008)

The Internet is evolving to become a more ubiquitous network, driven
by the low prices of wireless routers and access points and by the
users' requirements of connectivity anytime and anywhere. For that
reason, a cloud of nodes connected by wireless technology is being
created at the edge of the Internet. We refer to this cloud as a
Fringe Stub (FS). It is expected that networking in the FS will be
highly unmanaged and ad-hoc, but at the same time will need to offer
excellent service availability. The NEMO Basic Support protocol could
be used to provide global reachability for a mobile access network
within the FS and the Tree-Discovery mechanism could be used to avoid
the formation of loops in this highly unmanaged structure. Since
Internet connectivity in mobile scenarios can be costly, limited or
unavailable, there is a need to enable local routing between the
Mobile Routers within a portion of the FS. This form of local routing
is useful for Route Optimization (RO) between Mobile Routers that are
communicating directly in a portion of the FS. Network In Node
Advertisement (NINA) is the second of a 2-passes routing protocol; a
first pass, Tree Discovery, builds a loop-less structure -- a tree --,
and the second pass, NINA, exposes the Mobile Network Prefixes (MNPs)
up the tree. The protocol operates as a multi-hop extension of
Neighbor Discovery (ND), to populate TD-based trees with prefixes, and
establish routes towards the MNPs down the tree, from the root-MR
towards the MR that owns the prefix, whereas the default route is
oriented towards the root-MR. The NINA protocol introduces a new
option in the ND Neighbor Advertisement (NA), the Network In Node
Option (NINO). An NA with NINO(s) is called a NINA (Network In Node
Advertisement). NINA is designed for a hierarchical model, and by
using this NA based approach it abstracts the embedded network of a
Mobile Router as a host to the upper level of network abstraction.
With NINA, a Mobile Router presents its sub-tree to its parent as an
embedded network and hides the inner topology and movements.
Chemical bath deposition and microstructuring of tin (II) sulfide films for photovoltaics (2011)

Tin (II) sulfide is prepared through chemical bath deposition and annealed in a hydrogen sulfide environment to produce thin films for photovoltaic devices. The grain size, composition, and morphology are controlled by tailoring the bath composition and annealing conditions. The films have stoichiometric composition, are oxygen-free, have an optical band gap below 1.2 eV, and have an orthorhombic crystal structure. Through this method, a variety of film morphologies can be deposited, from dense films to micro-crystalline porous materials, in which micro-structured platelets can be incorporated through a self-assembly process. Annealing treatments simultaneously increase crystal size and improve purity to more efficiently extract photo-generated carriers. Electronic properties of the films are presented as well as insights into device preparation.
Condensation‐Driven Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells within Their Own Extracellular Matrix: Formation of Cartilage with Low Hypertrophy and Physiologically Relevant Mechanical Properties (2019)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell source to regenerate injured cartilage. In this study, MSCs are cultured under confluent conditions for 10 days to optimize the deposition of the extracellular matrix (mECM), which will serve as the scaffold to support MSC chondrogenesis. Subsequently, the MSC-impregnated mECM (MSC-mECM) composite is briefly treated with trypsin, allowing the MSCs to adopt a round morphology without being detached from their own mECM. The constructs are then cultured in a chondrogenic medium. Interestingly, after trypsin removal, the treated MSCs undergo an aggregation process, mimicking mesenchymal condensation during developmental chondrogenesis, specifically indicated by peanut agglutinin staining and immunodetectable N-cadherin expression, followed by robust chondrogenic differentiation. In comparison to conventional pellet culture, chondrogenically induced MSC-mECM displays a similar level of chondrogenesis, but with significantly reduced hypertrophy. The reparative capacity of the MSC-mECM derived construct is assessed using bovine cartilage explants. Mechanical testing and histology results show that engineered cartilage from MSC-mECM forms better integration with the surrounding native cartilage tissue and displays a much lower hypertrophic differentiation than that from pellet culture. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MSC-mECM may be an efficacious stem cell-based product for the repair of hyaline cartilage injury without the use of exogenous scaffolds.
Bacteriophage Lysins: the Ultimate Enzybiotic (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Physical Characteristics Mechanisms of Action Lysin Efficacy Antibiotic and Lysin Synergy Antibodies to Lysin Animal Models of Infection Secondary Bacterial Infections Anthrax - Specific Lysin Bacterial Resistance to Lysins Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References
Modeling of Trench-Gate Type HV-MOSFETs for Circuit Simulation (2013)

The trench-gate type high-voltage (HV) MOSFET is one of the variants of HV-MOSFET, typically with its utility segments lying on a larger power consumption domain, compared to planar HV-MOSFETs. In this work, the HiSIM_HV compact model, originally intended for planar LDMOSFETs, was adequately extended to accommodate trench-gate type HV-MOSFETs. The model formulation focuses on a closed-form description of the current path in the highly resistive drift region, specific to the trench-gate HV-MOSFETs. It is verified that the developed compact expression can capture the conductivity in the drift region, which varies with voltage bias and device technology such as trench width. The notable enhancement of current drivability can be accounted for by the electrostatic control exerted by the trench gate within the framework of this model.
Amplitude point-spread function measurement of high-NA microscope objectives by digital holographic microscopy (2007)

We present here a three-dimensional evaluation of the amplitude point-spread function (APSF) of a microscope objective (MO), based on a single holographic acquisition of its pupil wavefront. The aberration function is extracted from this pupil measurements and then inserted in a scalar model of diffraction, allowing one to calculate the distribution of the complex wavefront propagated around the focal point. The accuracy of the results is compared with a direct measurement of the APSF with a second holographic system located in the image plane of the MO. Measurements on a 100 x 1.3 NA MO are presented.
Xenon NMR Measurements of Permeability and Tortuosity in Reservoir Rocks (2004)

In this work we present measurements of permeability, effective porosity and tortuosity on a variety of rock samples using NMR/MRI of thermal and laser-polarized gas. Permeability and effective porosity are measured simultaneously using MRI to monitor the inflow of laser-polarized xenon into the rock core. Tortuosity is determined from measurements of the time-dependent diffusion coefficient using thermal xenon in sealed samples. The initial results from a limited number of rocks indicate inverse correlations between tortuosity and both effective porosity and permeability. Further studies to widen the number of types of rocks studied may eventually aid in explaining the poorly understood connection between permeability and tortuosity of rock cores.
Engineered Porosity-Induced Burn Rate Enhancement in Dense Al/CuO Nanothermites (2022)

This work investigates the combustion of porous Al/CuO thermites, that is, nanolaminates fabricated with various densities of micron-sized air-filled pores in the range of 0–20 vol %. High-speed videography and pyrometry of the high-temperature propagating flame were used to analyze the effect of porosity on propagation velocity. Incorporating micron-sized pores in Al/CuO nanolaminates results in a faster burn rate (burn rate enhancement of 18% for a pore loading of 20 vol %) while the flame temperature remains the same. Microscopic observations of the flame front in porous nanolaminates show hotspots around each pore upstream of the flame but no advection. Conduction remains the dominant heat transfer mechanism in dense thermite configuration (80% theoretical maximum density) and the causes of burn rate enhancement when pores are embedded into the nanolaminate are found to be the convection of the trapped air inside the pores upon heating together with a possible modification of the reaction chemistry leading to a lowering of the ignition threshold of the thermite around each micron-sized pores. Indeed, this hot gaseous O2 species trapped into the pores diffuse and react with solid Al on the inner wall of the pores to form Al2O3. This gas-phase mediated reaction mechanism in the pores occurs at a lower temperature than the diffusion-based mechanism of the aluminum cations and oxide anions across the alumina shell as in fully dense Al/CuO nanolaminates. The critical size of the pores beyond which their beneficial effect disappears is difficult to estimate, but this study showed that 100 × 100 μm2 pores have almost no effect on the combustion with an average burn rate increase of only ∼4% compared to the fully dense nanolaminate part.
Gender Matches in Liver Transplant Allocation: Matched and Mismatched Male-Female Donor-Recipient Combinations; Long-term Follow-up of More Than 2000 Patients at a Single Center. (2016)

The impressive long-term graft survival benefit of male donor-female recipient versus female donor-male recipient and of male donor-female recipient versus matched groups (male-male, female-female) in liver transplant may be caused by significant differences in donor quality and recipient characteristics and may not be related to sex itself.
The WaaSaBE Model: Marrying WaaS and Business-Entities to Support Cross-Organization Collaboration (2012)

With a growing services-based focus in enterprises, functionally-tiered organizational structures have emerged. Synchronizing among the tiers is difficult due to differing concerns and vocabularies, especially when cross-enterprise collaboration is involved. Furthermore, deficiencies in work handoff among different roles and parties also occur within tiers. Building on the notions of work-as-a-service for work execution and business entities in operations, this paper proposes the WaaSaBE model as a boundary object for integrated management across and within tiers and across enterprises. We describe the framework, a formal model arising from the framework, and its basic instantiation for a given problem domain.
An Endothelial Gene Signature Score Predicts Poor Outcome in Patients with Endocrine-Treated, Low Genomic Grade Breast Tumors (2016)

MV score identifies two groups of better and worse survival in low-risk endocrine-treated breast cancer patients. We also show normalization of tumor vasculature on a transcriptional level in response to an angiogenic inhibitor in human breast cancer samples. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2417-26. ©2016 AACR.
Humins valorization: From well-defined properties to potential applications (2018)

The production of carbon-based building blocks from biomass resources is the most promising alternative to reduce and eventually replace petroleum-based chemicals. Carbohydrates are the most abundant natural carbon source, and thus a good option for biomass feedstock development. The high functionality of chemicals derived from biomass often leads to the formation of various side products. Among these, the formation of a black and viscous co-product so-called humins is observed due to acidic treatment of polysaccharides. To improve the efficiency of biomass conversion from an economical and environmental prospective, new solutions for humins valorization are urgently needed. This work focuses on study of the properties of humins and their ability to crosslinking. Humins are shown to be a highly potential biobased thermoset polymer to be employed in composites applications.
Gigahertz repetition rate AlGaAs/Ti:Sapphire (LiSAF) master oscillator/power amplifier laser system for advanced photoinjectors (2002)

A novel Al/GaAs/Ti-Sapphire (LiSAF) master oscillator/power amplifier laser system, capable of operating in burst mode (>100 pulses) at 1.3 GHz, and producing frequency-tripled pulses with an energy >10 /spl mu/J at 278 nm and duration <500 fs to irradiate Cesium Telluride photocathodes is described.
Effects of Sub-threshold Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Cingulate Cortex and Insula Resting-state Functional Connectivity (2022)

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), a non-invasive alternative to vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with implantable devices, has shown promise in treating disorders such as depression, migraine, and insomnia. Studies of these disorders with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (rsfMRI) have found sustained changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in patients treated with low frequency (1-20 Hz) taVNS. A recent study has reported reductions in pain scores in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after a 12-week treatment of high-frequency (20 kHz) sub-threshold taVNS. However, no studies to date have examined the effects of high-frequency sub-threshold taVNS on rsFC. The objective of this study was to determine whether high-frequency sub-threshold taVNS induces changes in rsFC using seed regions from the cingulate cortex and insula, brain regions that play a key role in interoception and processing of pain. With a single-blind placebo-controlled repeated measures experimental design, rsfMRI scans were acquired before and after 15 min of either sub-threshold taVNS treatment or a sham control. Significant taVNS-related changes in functional connections to the cingulate cortex were detected between the anterior cingulate cortex and right superior temporal gyrus and between the midcingulate cortex and right inferior parietal lobule. In addition, significant changes in functional connections to the insula were detected between the posterior insula and right precuneus and between the anterior insula and right cuneus gyrus. These results suggest that high-frequency sub-threshold taVNS can lead to sustained effects on the rsFC of brain regions involved in interoception and processing of pain in a cohort of healthy subjects. This study lays the foundation for future rsfMRI studies of high-frequency sub-threshold taVNS in clinical populations.
Functional Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Restriction (2020)

A deficient interferon response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been implicated as a determinant of severe COVID-19. To identify the molecular effectors that govern interferon control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a large-scale gain-of-function analysis that evaluated the impact of human interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) on viral replication. A limited subset of ISGs were found to control viral infection, including endosomal factors that inhibited viral entry, nucleic acid binding proteins that suppressed viral RNA synthesis, and a highly enriched cluster of ER and Golgi-resident ISGs that inhibited viral translation and egress. These included the type II integral membrane protein BST2/tetherin, which was found to impede viral release, and is targeted for immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Orf7a protein. Overall, these data define the molecular basis of early innate immune control of viral infection, which will facilitate the understanding of host determinants that impact disease severity and offer potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
Plasma processing of Fe-P/rGO powder for making robust wear resistance and anticorrosion coating over mild steel (2022)

Abstract Phosphating is a widely used metal pre-treatment process due to its ability to improvise pitting corrosion resistance, wear-resistance, and adherence properties. In the present investigation, we report the manufacturing of spray grade powder of Fe-P metal ingot by mechanical hammering, milling and sieving process. The Fe-P powder and its blending with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (2 and 4 vol%) were successfully coated over mild steel by the thermal plasma spray method for the first time . Successful retention of rGO was observed even after thermal plasma spraying of Fe-P/rGO (2 vol% and 4 vol%), which was challenging and yet to be reported. The morphological investigation of the top-coat layer and cross-section was analysed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The presence of G, D and 2D bands at 1580 cm −1 , 1350 cm −1 , and 2700 cm −1, respectively in the Raman spectra were the straightforward demonstration of the retention of rGO. Hardness and air-jet erosion tests were performed to evaluate mechanical properties in view of exploring commercial applications of such coatings. We found that Fe-P-rGO composite coatings exhibited improved hardness, erosion, and corrosion resistance properties with increasing reduced graphene oxide content.
Figure S2 from Genetic Predictors of Response to Systemic Therapy in Esophagogastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Concordance between copy-number inferred from next generation sequencing and protein overexpression by IHC or gene amplification by FISH.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT OF SOME PRENYLOXY FLAVONES AND ISOFLAVONES (1979)

Abstract Während das Flavon (Ia) sich glatt unter Cyclisierung in das angulare Dihydrofurano‐Derivat (IIa) umlagert, verläuft die Reaktion des Isoflavons (Ib) zunächst nur unter Verschiebung der Doppelbindung der Prenylgruppe und Bildung des 7‐(3‐Methyl‐buten‐(3)‐yloxy)‐ Derivats und erst bei längerem Erhitzen zu (IIb).
High Accuracy Thermal Analysis Methodology for Semiconductor Junction Temperatures Considering Line Patterns of Multilayered Circuit Boards (2007)

As multilayered circuit boards in which semiconductors are embedded have been well reported, thermal management is becoming quite an important issue. In order to predict the junction temperature of an embedded semiconductor precisely, it is necessary that line patterns should be taken into consideration for thermal fluid analysis. However modeling all the patterns correctly is unacceptable because of far too long calculation time. Thus only the ratio of a pattern area to a gross board area was considered, which caused up to 30% calculation error compared to the experimental results. We have developed a novel method to predict semiconductor junction temperatures precisely without modeling patterns themselves. Firstly boards are divided into multiple regions in order to express how much dense or coarse the patterns are. Since the size of each region is much larger than L/S (line and space) specification of the boards, the number of meshes for calculation does not increase explosively and the simulation can be finished within appropriate time. Secondly equivalent anisotropic thermal conductivity of each region is assigned as follows. All the regions are once divided into smaller subregions whose sizes are approximately L/S specification. Then thermal conductivity of each subregion is defined by the property of the material at the centered subregion. After that a thermal network composed of all the subregions is generated and anisotropic thermal conductivities of each divided region are computed by solving this thermal network matrix. This procedure should be executed in an electrical CAD (E-CAD) where line pattern data are stored. A new interface format using which we can transfer board data from E-CAD to thermal fluid simulator was prepared. This format can have not only layouts and sizes but also anisotropic thermal conductivities of all divided regions. There is no need either to prepare model geometries or to input attributes of a great number of divided regions on thermal fluid simulator. By way of this format, analytical models are imported in thermal fluid simulator and semiconductor junction temperatures are computed. It was confirmed that semiconductor junction temperatures calculated by this method were precisely coincident with the experimental results. We can predict semiconductor temperatures without making preproduction samples. This analysis methodology will highly contribute to the reduction of designing time and cost.
Topology optimization for coated structures (2015)

This paper presents new results within the design of three-dimensional (3D) coated structures using topology optimization.The work is an extension of a recently published two-dimensional (2D) method for including coated structures into the minimum compliance topology optimization problem.The high level of control over key parameters demonstrated for the 2D model can likewise be achieved in 3D.The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with numerical examples, which for the 3D problems have been solved using a parallel topology optimization implementation based on the PETSc toolkit.2.