gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 100 W ISM 2.45 GHz-band power test system (2005)

This paper describes development of solid-state microwave power test system (MPTS) operating over 2.3 to 2.6 GHz with the output power level of 100 W for industrial applications in material processing, and for designing of microwave power industrial equipment. The MPTS unit consists of four major parts: PLL synthesizer, high power solid-state amplifier, detector probes for return losses and leakage measurement and microcontroller. The MPTS system is able to operate in either single fixed-frequency regime, or in swept mode with self-tuning for minimum reflection of a heated load.
Innovative solutions for acoustic disturbances occurring in slender buildings (2021)

Many tall, slender residential building have risen from the streets of Manhattan and other cities over the past decade. Numerous problems have been recently published about acoustic disturbances present in these slender buildings due to deflection, principally from wind. These disturbances occur, not due to any structural weakness of the building, but due to excessive rigidity and lack of resiliency of the interior architectural elements, such as wall studs, tracks and gypsum board. These components must be designed and installed for resiliency in order to respond to the slender building movement, which is essential in order to ensure the building’s structural integrity. This movement consists of deflection and torquing of the slabs relative to each other. These acoustic disturbances cause occupants to lose sleep and cause them to feel unsafe, as though structural failures are occurring. Additionally, interior finishes become warped and lose aesthetic quality. These issues are detrimental to the value of units within these slender buildings. This paper presents case studies of innovative methodologies to solve these acoustic disturbances present in slender buildings. These include methodologies which ensure resiliency of the interior architectural elements. These case study examples have been successfully implemented during the base-unit design and also retrofitted after construction.
Introduction to Fluorescence and Photophysics (2003)

Fluorescence is defined as the radiative transition between two electronic states of same spin multiplicity. Intersystem crossing is defined as a non-radiative transition between states of different multiplicity and occurs via inversion of the spin of the excited electron resulting in the two unpaired electrons having the same spin orientation. Emission of light in the form of fluorescence often accompanies deactivation of an electronically excited species. Most organic molecules have “paired” electrons in their ground state molecular orbital configuration. Most commonly, fluorescence refers to singlet-singlet transitions, especially the transition between the lowest, or first, excited singlet state and ground state. Other types of less common fluorescence processes do occur, such as that from second excited singlet state, and doublet-doublet fluorescence exhibited in radiative relaxation between excited and ground state free radicals. The quantum yield of fluorescence is an important parameter in photophysics. Often a measurement of quantum yield of fluorescence of a fluorophore will give information regarding its biological environment.
Independent evidence for an association between general cognitive ability and a genetic locus for educational attainment (2015)

Cognitive deficits and reduced educational achievement are common in psychiatric illness; understanding the genetic basis of cognitive and educational deficits may be informative about the etiology of psychiatric disorders. A recent, large genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported a genome-wide significant locus for years of education, which subsequently demonstrated association to general cognitive ability (“g”) in overlapping cohorts. The current study was designed to test whether GWAS hits for educational attainment are involved in general cognitive ability in an independent, large-scale collection of cohorts. Using cohorts in the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT; up to 20,495 healthy individuals), we examined the relationship between g and variants associated with educational attainment. We next conducted meta-analyses with 24,189 individuals with neurocognitive data from the educational attainment studies, and then with 53,188 largely independent individuals from a recent GWAS of cognition. A SNP (rs1906252) located at chromosome 6q16.1, previously associated with years of schooling, was significantly associated with g (P = 1.47 × 10−4) in COGENT. The first joint analysis of 43,381 non-overlapping individuals for this a priori-designated locus was strongly significant (P = 4.94 × 10−7), and the second joint analysis of 68,159 non-overlapping individuals was even more robust (P = 1.65 × 10−9). These results provide independent replication, in a large-scale dataset, of a genetic locus associated with cognitive function and education. As sample sizes grow, cognitive GWAS will identify increasing numbers of associated loci, as has been accomplished in other polygenic quantitative traits, which may be relevant to psychiatric illness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CHMP2B mutations are not a cause of dementia in Dutch patients with familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia (2006)

Abstract Mutations in the CHMP2B gene have been recently identified in a large Danish pedigree with autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia (FTD) linked to chromosome 3 (FTD3). We report the frequency of CHMP2B mutations in 162 FTD patients recruited from a large population‐based study of FTD carried out in The Netherlands. Our results suggest that mutations in CHMP2B are a rare cause of FTD as compared to MAPT mutations. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Systems Approach to Tissue Remodeling (2009)

Remodeling of tissue in response to physical stress is a very complex process. The changes in the stimulus (cause) and response (effect) must be measured and the results must be organized into mathematical forms that are suitable for predictions and applications. An experiment where the stimulus (pressure, flow, shear stress, etc.) can be changed approximately as a step function (a step plus a perturbation) and the response (structure, material properties, function, etc.), which can be measured over time, can be simulated by indicial response functions (IRFs). The IRF is a mathematical expression of the ratio of the change in a particular feature of the system in response to a unit step change in stimulus. The IRF approach provides a quantitative description of the remodeling process, simplifies the interpretation of data, and greatly increases the potential of using the experimental data for prediction of the outcome for future experiments. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the IRF approach including some exemplary systems. The goal is to illustrate how the indicial expressions make it possible to integrate biological complexity by convolution. The time courses of stimuli represent half of the convolution while the time course of changes in response represents the second half of the convolution. The IRF approach provides an understanding of the physiological problems with mathematical accuracy and may be conducive to new findings.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy (2012)

Clinical trials have shown that patients with MHE and patients who have had an episode of overt HE in the past can benefit from drug treatment.
Analysis of the suppression of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta production in human peripheral blood mononuclear adherent cells by a glucocorticoid hormone. (1988)

The suppression of IL-1 production in human adherent PBMC by a glucocorticoid hormone was studied. From 10(-5) to 10(-8) M glucocorticoid hormone (prednisolone) inhibited both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta production by LPS-stimulated adherent human PBMC in a dose-dependent fashion, as assayed by Western blotting of cell-associated IL-1 and a thymocyte comitogenic bioassay. IL-1 alpha and -beta mRNA levels were concomitantly suppressed by glucocorticoid treatment, as determined by Northern blotting analysis. These data suggest that the suppression of IL-1 activity by glucocorticoids is consistently associated with decreased levels of IL-1 proteins and mRNA expression and therefore presumably regulated at the transcriptional level.
Cytosolic PhospholipaseA2 Inhibition with PLA-695 Radiosensitizes Tumors in Lung Cancer Animal Models (2013)

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and the rest of the world. The advent of molecularly directed therapies holds promise for improvement in therapeutic efficacy. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is associated with tumor progression and radioresistance in mouse tumor models. Utilizing the cPLA2 specific inhibitor PLA-695, we determined if cPLA2 inhibition radiosensitizes non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and tumors. Treatment with PLA-695 attenuated radiation induced increases of phospho-ERK and phospho-Akt in endothelial cells. NSCLC cells (LLC and A549) co-cultured with endothelial cells (bEND3 and HUVEC) and pre-treated with PLA-695 showed radiosensitization. PLA-695 in combination with irradiation (IR) significantly reduced migration and proliferation in endothelial cells (HUVEC & bEND3) and induced cell death and attenuated invasion by tumor cells (LLC &A549). In a heterotopic tumor model, the combination of PLA-695 and radiation delayed growth in both LLC and A549 tumors. LLC and A549 tumors treated with a combination of PLA-695 and radiation displayed reduced tumor vasculature. In a dorsal skin fold model of LLC tumors, inhibition of cPLA2 in combination with radiation led to enhanced destruction of tumor blood vessels. The anti-angiogenic effects of PLA-695 and its enhancement of the efficacy of radiotherapy in mouse models of NSCLC suggest that clinical trials for its capacity to improve radiotherapy outcomes are warranted.
Hybrid Power System for High Energy Density Space Systems (2007)

Compact rechargeable power sources with high energy density are crucial to sustained operation for robotic vehicles on the lunar surface as well as for many other space systems. Fuel cells that use hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity can offer at least three times the specific energy of state-of-art rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, especially for missions that need to operate for more than several days continuously at nominally consistent power levels. Hydrogen and oxygen are generated by electrolysis of water. These reactants can be stored and used to power fuel cells. To achieve a power source that has high both specific energy and high specific power, fuel cells can be hybridized with high-power lithium-ion batteries. Energy can be harvested using photovoltaic arrays, microwave power receivers, and other power generating subsystems. A possible functional system architecture for such a hybrid power generation and storage intended for eventual sustained lunar surface operation has been developed and tested at JPL.
T cells in the lesion of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Enrichment for reactivities to myelin basic protein and to heat shock proteins. (1992)

To characterize the cellular immune response in an autoimmune lesion, we investigated the accumulation of specific T cells in the central nervous system in actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats, using a limiting dilution analysis (LDA) assay for T cells that proliferate in response to antigens. Lymphocytes isolated from the spinal cord infiltrate were compared with cells from the popliteal lymph nodes with respect to frequency of cells responding to basic protein (BP), mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT), the 65-kD heat shock protein (hsp65), allogeneic brown norway spleen cells, and concanavalin A. Additionally, we compared the BP frequency in acute EAE of cells from the spinal cord, peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes, and the spinal cord and lymph node after recovery from EAE. We found that acute EAE was associated with marked enrichment of BP-reactive T cells in the spinal cord relative to their frequency in the lymphoid organs and peripheral blood. The infiltrate was also enriched for T cells responding to hsp65; alloreactive T cells, in contrast, were not enriched. The frequency of BP reactive T cells in the spinal cord was highest at the peak of paralysis; however, BP-reactive T cells could still be detected at moderate frequencies after clinical recovery. We established BP- and Mycobacteria-reactive T cell lines from the spinal infiltrates that were CD4+ and TcR alpha beta +. Most of the BP lines were found to react to the major encephalitogenic epitope of guinea pig BP for rats (amino acids 71-90); these lines were found to mediate EAE in naive recipients. T cell lines recognizing other epitopes of BP were not encephalitogenic. All of the lines responsive to Mycobacteria recognized hsp65 or hsp70. These results indicating that the immune infiltrate in active EAE is enriched with cells responding to the autoantigen and to hsp65 were confirmed in EAE adoptively transferred by anti-BP T cell clone.
On the effect of design tolerances on the performance of synchronous PM machines evaluated according to the IEEE Std 1812 (2017)

In the process of designing an electric machine, the systematic study of tolerances for the design variables and material properties is of the utmost importance. This paper proposes a method by which possible variations of the design variables and material properties can be distinguished. The design of experiments (DOE) technique, open-circuit and short-circuit tests, with minimum instrumentation requirements, have been employed. Virtual tests are conducted based on the recently approved IEEE 1812 testing guide for PM synchronous machines. As a case study, a 100 hp 16-pole 18-slot spoke-type PM machine is discussed. It is shown that variation in magnet remanence, steel grade, as well as dimensional tolerances, may be identified. The ratings and magnetic loading of the machine plays a critical role in identifying manufacturing tolerances.
A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF WATERJET SURFACE TREATMENT MODELING (2009)

Since its introduction, the waterjet has gained immense popularity as a non-conventional machine tool for the processing of materials. Specifically, the waterjet has established itself as a tool for applications in the surface preparation industry. The waterjet has shown an inherent ability to (i) texture surfaces, (ii) remove bulk material in stripping applications, and (iii) induce a beneficial compressive residual stress in the subsurface layers to increase the fatigue performance of components. These three processes have been shown to be highly intertwined. The severity of waterjet surface preparation is governed by the system parameters; namely the supply pressure, nozzle traverse rate, standoff distance, orifice diameter, cleaning head geometry, jet angle, and exposure time. Numerous experimental studies have been performed surrounding the use of waterjets for the surface preparation processes listed above; while few models have been published to describe the material removal and peening capabilities of the waterjet. This paper provides a general summary of key modeling investigations, and discusses the applications, advantages, and limitations.
On-line adaptation of the SCHMM parameters based on the segmental quasi-Bayes learning for speech recognition (1996)

On-line quasi-Bayes adaptation of the mixture coefficients and mean vectors in semicontinuous hidden Markov model (SCHMM) is studied. The viability of the proposed algorithm is confirmed and the related practical issues are addressed in a specific application of on-line speaker adaptation using a 26-word English alphabet vocabulary.
High-fidelity one-qubit operations under random telegraph noise (2006)

We address the problem of implementing high-fidelity one-qubit operations subject to time-dependent noise in the qubit energy splitting. We show with explicit numerical results that high-fidelity bit flip operations may be generated by imposing bounded control fields. For noise correlation times shorter than the time for a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse, the time-optimal $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse itself yields the highest fidelity. For very long correlation times, fidelity loss is approximately due to systematic error, which is efficiently tackled by compensation for off resonance with a pulse sequence (CORPSE). For intermediate ranges of the noise correlation time, we find that short CORPSE, which is less accurate than CORPSE in correcting systematic errors, yields higher fidelities. Numerical optimization of the pulse sequences using gradient ascent pulse engineering results in noticeable improvement of the fidelity for a bit flip operation on the computational basis states and a small but still positive fidelity enhancement for the NOT gate.
Novel modes and adaptive block scanning order for intra prediction in AV1 (2017)

The demand for streaming video content is on the rise and growing exponentially. Networks bandwidth is very costly and therefore there is a constant effort to improve video compression rates and enable the sending of reduced data volumes while retaining quality of experience (QoE). One basic feature that utilizes the spatial correlation of pixels for video compression is Intra-Prediction, which determines the codec’s compression efficiency. Intra prediction enables significant reduction of the Intra-Frame (I frame) size and, therefore, contributes to efficient exploitation of bandwidth. In this presentation, we propose new Intra-Prediction algorithms that improve the AV1 prediction model and provide better compression ratios. Two (2) types of methods are considered: )1( New scanning order method that maximizes spatial correlation in order to reduce prediction error; and )2( New Intra-Prediction modes implementation in AVI. Modern video coding standards, including AVI codec, utilize fixed scan orders in processing blocks during intra coding. The fixed scan orders typically result in residual blocks with high prediction error mainly in blocks with edges. This means that the fixed scan orders cannot fully exploit the content-adaptive spatial correlations between adjacent blocks, thus the bitrate after compression tends to be large. To reduce the bitrate induced by inaccurate intra prediction, the proposed approach adaptively chooses the scanning order of blocks according to criteria of firstly predicting blocks with maximum number of surrounding, already Inter-Predicted blocks. Using the modified scanning order method and the new modes has reduced the MSE by up to five (5) times when compared to conventional TM mode / Raster scan and up to two (2) times when compared to conventional CALIC mode / Raster scan, depending on the image characteristics (which determines the percentage of blocks predicted with Inter-Prediction, which in turn impacts the efficiency of the new scanning method). For the same cases, the PSNR was shown to improve by up to 7.4dB and up to 4 dB, respectively. The new modes have yielded 5% improvement in BD-Rate over traditionally used modes, when run on K-Frame, which is expected to yield ~1% of overall improvement.
An Integrated Study of Cleanup Efficiency of Short Hydraulic Fractured Vertical Wells Using Response Surface Methodology (2014)

Summary In tight gas reservoirs, gas well production is impaired after Hydraulic fracturing, that is mostly due to fracturing fluid (FF) invasion into matrix and fracture and poor clean-up efficiency. The scope of this study is to investigate the clean-up efficiency in short hydraulic fracture vertical wells and observe how the effect of pertinent parameters on gas production loss (GPL) changes with the hydraulic fracture length. The impact of 12 parameters including fracture permeability, matrix permeability, End point and Exponent of Corey gas and FF relative permeability curve in both matrix and fracture, and Interfacial Tension and Pore Size Index (capillary pressure) have been studied by developing a computer code. Interactive linear surface model describing the dependency of GPL to the pertinent parameters was used. The results indicate that as fracture length decreased the effect of fracture parameters (fracture permeability and End point and Exponent of Corey gas and FF relative permeability curve in fracture) on GPL decreased and the effect of those relevant parameters in matrix on GPL increased. The effect of capillary pressure in reducing GPL is less pronounced in shorter fractures. In shorter fractures, faster fracture clean-up was observed compare to the one for longer fracture.
Antibodies That Block or Activate Mouse B Cell Activating Factor of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Family (BAFF), Respectively, Induce B Cell Depletion or B Cell Hyperplasia (2016)

B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), also known as B lymphocyte stimulator, is a ligand required for the generation and maintenance of B lymphocytes. In this study, the ability of different monoclonal antibodies to recognize, inhibit, or activate mouse BAFF was investigated. One of them, a mouse IgG1 named Sandy-2, prevented the binding of BAFF to all of its receptors, BAFF receptor, transmembrane activator and calcium modulating ligand interactor, and B cell maturation antigen, at a stoichiometric ratio; blocked the activity of mouse BAFF on a variety of cell-based reporter assays; and antagonized the prosurvival action of BAFF on primary mouse B cells in vitro A single administration of Sandy-2 in mice induced B cell depletion within 2 weeks, down to levels close to those observed in BAFF-deficient mice. This depletion could then be maintained with a chronic treatment. Sandy-2 and a previously described rat IgG1 antibody, 5A8, also formed a pair suitable for the sensitive detection of endogenous circulating BAFF by ELISA or using a homogenous assay. Interestingly, 5A8 and Sandy-5 displayed activities opposite to that of Sandy-2 by stimulating recombinant BAFF in vitro and endogenous BAFF in vivo These tools will prove useful for the detection and functional manipulation of endogenous mouse BAFF and provide an alternative to the widely used BAFF receptor-Fc decoy receptor for the specific depletion of BAFF in mice.
Carrier dynamics and the role of surface defects: Designing a photocatalyst for gas-phase CO 2 reduction (2016)

In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sub>-</sub><sub>x</sub>(OH)<sub>y</sub> nanoparticles have been shown to function as an effective gas-phase photocatalyst for the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO via the reverse water-gas shift reaction. Their photocatalytic activity is strongly correlated to the number of oxygen vacancy and hydroxide defects present in the system. To better understand how such defects interact with photogenerated electrons and holes in these materials, we have studied the relaxation dynamics of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sub>-</sub><sub>x</sub>(OH)<sub>y</sub> nanoparticles with varying concentration of defects using two different excitation energies corresponding to above-band-gap (318-nm) and near-band-gap (405-nm) excitations. Our results demonstrate that defects play a significant role in the excited-state, charge relaxation pathways. Higher defect concentrations result in longer excited-state lifetimes, which are attributed to improved charge separation. This correlates well with the observed trends in the photocatalytic activity. These results are further supported by density-functional theory calculations, which confirm the positions of oxygen vacancy and hydroxide defect states within the optical band gap of indium oxide. This enhanced understanding of the role these defects play in determining the optoelectronic properties and charge carrier dynamics can provide valuable insight toward the rational development of more efficient photocatalytic materials for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.