gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freeze-Dried Microemulsion Containing Amphotericin B for Leishmaniasis Treatment: An Overview (2016)

International audience
Genetic Requirement for Hemagglutinin Glycosylation and Its Implications for Influenza A H1N1 Virus Evolution (2013)

Influenza A virus has evolved and thrived in human populations. Since the 1918 influenza A pandemic, human H1N1 viruses had acquired additional N-linked glycosylation (NLG) sites within the globular head region of hemagglutinin (HA) until the NLG-free HA head pattern of the 1918 H1N1 virus was renewed with the swine-derived 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. Moreover, the HA of the 2009 H1N1 virus appeared to be antigenically related to that of the 1918 H1N1 virus. Hence, it is possible that descendants of the 2009 H1N1 virus might recapitulate the acquisition of HA head glycosylation sites through their evolutionary drift as a means to evade preexisting immunity. We evaluate here the evolution signature of glycosylations found in the globular head region of H1 HA in order to determine their impact in the virulence and transmission of H1N1 viruses. We identified a polymorphism at HA residue 147 associated with the acquisition of glycosylation at residues 144 and 172. By in vitro and in vivo analyses using mutant viruses, we also found that the polymorphism at HA residue 147 compensated for the loss of replication, virulence, and transmissibility associated with the presence of the N-linked glycans. Our findings suggest that the polymorphism in H1 HA at position 147 modulates viral fitness by buffering the constraints caused by N-linked glycans and provide insights into the evolution dynamics of influenza viruses with implications in vaccine immunogenicity.
High-sensitivity high-resolution dual-function signal and time digitizer (2002)

We have developed a dual-function high sensitivity/high-resolution digitizer. It consists of a superconducting digital integrated circuit, which can operate both as a time-to-digital converter (TDC) and a flux counting analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The TDC has a 30 ps multihit time resolution. The ADC has been designed with a superconducting quantum interference device based detector for a 1 μA full scale range. This digitizer is extremely useful in many applications, e.g., for time-of-flight measurements, or as a radiation resistant, low-noise, low-power ADC for detector readout.
Materials Assessment of Components of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (1996)

Current research interests for Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) design and development are directed toward enhancements of the Shuttle EMU, implementation of the Mark 3 technology for Shuttle applications, and development of a next generation suit (the X suit) which has applications for prolonged space flight, longer extravehicular activity (EVA), and Moon and Mars missions. In this research project two principal components of the EMU were studied from the vantage point of the materials and their design criteria. An investigation of the flexible materials which make up the lay-up of materials for abrasion and tear protection, thermal insulation, pressure restrain, etc. was initiated. A central focus was on the thermal insulation. A vacuum apparatus for measuring the flexibility of the materials was built to access their durability in vacuum. Plans are to include a Residual Gas Analyzer on the vacuum chamber to measure volatiles during the durability testing. These tests will more accurately simulate space conditions and provide information which has not been available on the materials currently used on the EMU. Durability testing of the aluminized mylar with a nylon scrim showed that the material strength varied in the machine and transverse directions. Study of components of the EMU also included a study of the EMU Bearing Assemblies as to materials selection, engineered materials, use of coatings and flammability issues. A comprehensive analysis of the performance of the current design, which is a stainless steel assembly, was conducted and use of titanium alloys or engineered alloy systems and coatings was investigated. The friction and wear properties are of interest as are the general manufacturing costs. Recognizing that the bearing assembly is subject to an oxygen environment, all currently used materials as well as titanium and engineered alloys were evaluated as to their flammability. An aim of the project is to provide weight reduction since bearing weights constitute 1/3 of the total EMU weight. Our investigations have shown favorable properties using a titanium or nickel base alloy in conjunction with a coating system. Interest lies in developing titanium as a more nonflammable material. Methodology for doing this lies in adding coatings and surface alloying the titanium. This report is brief and does not give all necessary details. The reader should contact the authors as to the detailed study and for viewing of raw data.
Products for Alzheimer's patients with "null" behavior (2000)

The aim of this project was to determine the feasibility of developing sensory stimulation products for the Alzheimer's-type dementia patients exhibiting "null" behavior in order to increase their quality of care and quality of life. The research subjects were selected from a population of 49 residents living on a special dementia unit in a 228-bed nursing home. This population represented a cross section of the local community, inclusive of women and minorities. Sensory satisfying objects were determined through structured observations of patients in the institutionalized setting to meet criteria of safety and effectiveness for patient use and caregiver implementation. The results clearly show the feasibility of developing such products for use in nursing homes, adult day care facilities, Alzheimer's care facilities and private homes.
Placement Design of Microphone Arrays in Near-Field Broadband Beamformers (2011)

In beamformer design, the microphone array configuration is often prescribed and the filter coefficients are varied in order to improve on the noise reduction performance. However, the positions of the microphone elements play an important role in the overall performance and should be optimized at the same time. This problem is addressed in this paper. In order to understand the performance improvement through location movements, we first look at the design with an infinite filter length, which gives the performance limit for finite filter length designs. When the filter length is finite, both the filter coefficients and the placement of the microphone array are decision variables. In both situations, the problems can be formulated as constrained optimization problems. As the filter length increases, we show that the performance converges quickly to the limit. For illustration, two numerical examples are solved. Comparing with several popular configurations, we show that the performance of the optimized configuration improves significantly.
Novel approaches to developing new antibiotics for bacterial infections (2007)

Antibiotics are an essential part of modern medicine. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant mutants among bacteria is seemingly inevitable, and results, within a few decades, in decreased efficacy and withdrawal of the antibiotic from widespread usage. The traditional answer to this problem has been to introduce new antibiotics that kill the resistant mutants. Unfortunately, after more than 50 years of success, the pharmaceutical industry is now producing too few antibiotics, particularly against Gram-negative organisms, to replace antibiotics that are no longer effective for many types of infection. This paper reviews possible new ways to discover novel antibiotics. The genomics route has proven to be target rich, but has not led to the introduction of a marketed antibiotic as yet. Non-culturable bacteria may be an alternative source of new antibiotics. Bacteriophages have been shown to be antibacterial in animals, and may find use in specific infectious diseases. Developing new antibiotics that target non-multiplying bacteria is another approach that may lead to drugs that reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistance and increase patient compliance by shortening the duration of antibiotic therapy. These new discovery routes have given rise to compounds that are in preclinical development, but, with one exception, have not yet entered clinical trials. For the time being, the majority of new antibiotics that reach the marketplace are likely to be structural analogues of existing families of antibiotics or new compounds, both natural and non-natural which are screened in a conventional way against live multiplying bacteria.
A multi-degree-of-freedom ultrasonic motor using single-phase-driven vibrators (2005)

This paper presents a novel type of multi degree-of-freedom ultrasonic motors. Today, in various fields, actuators having multi degrees-of-freedom is needed. In the past, many multi-degree-of-freedom actuators have been developed. However, they are all still large and heavy. Thus, we propose a miniature multi-degree-of-freedom actuator using plural single-phase-driven ultrasonic vibrators. A single-phase-driven ultrasonic motor is known for its miniaturizing facility. On the other hand, it is also known for its lack of output force. Therefore, we proposed to use plural single-phase-driven vibrators and also tried to make one vibrator generate great force. This motor has many small vibrators; each one having four patterns in the thrust direction. By controlling the frequency of each vibrator, we can obtain multiple movements of a movable object. First, we proposed the principles of this motor. Next, we selected vibration modes and designed the size of a vibrator to be 10 /spl times/ 7.5 /spl times/ 0.9 mm/sup 3/ using finite element analysis. Finally, we measured frequency, vibration, and driving characteristics of the vibrators. The maximum thrust was about 3.14 N and the maximum torque was about 6mN-m.
Effects of AGTR1 A1166C Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Heart Failure Treated with Candesartan (2008)

The results of this proof-of concept study provide the first evidence that the AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism could influence the response to candesartan in patients with heart failure who are receiving ACE inhibitors. Validation of these exploratory findings in larger populations is required before use of the AGTR1 A1166C genotype can be incorporated into clinical practice.
Ultra-flexible semitransparent organic photovoltaics (2023)

Abstract Ultra-flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are promising candidates for next-generation power sources owing to their low weight, transparency, and flexibility. However, obtaining ultra-flexibility under extreme repetitive mechanical stress while maintaining optical transparency remains challenging because of the intrinsic brittleness of transparent electrodes. Here, we introduce strain-durable ultra-flexible semitransparent OPVs with a thickness below 2 μm. The conformal surface coverage of nanoscale thin metal electrodes (&lt; 10 nm) is achieved, resulting in extremely low flexural rigidity and high strain durability. In-depth optical and electrical analyses on ultrathin metal electrodes showed that the devices maintain over 73% of their initial efficiency after 1000 cycles of repetitive compression and release at 66% compressive strain, and the average visible light transmittances remain higher than 30%. To our knowledge, this is the first systematical study on mechanical behaviors of strain-durable ultra-flexible ST-OPVs through precise adjustment of each ultrathin electrode thickness toward the emergence of next-generation flexible power sources.
Diels-Alder approach to bicyclic .alpha.-hydroxy ketones. Facile ketol rearrangements of strained .alpha.-hydroxy ketones (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiels-Alder approach to bicyclic .alpha.-hydroxy ketones. Facile ketol rearrangements of strained .alpha.-hydroxy ketonesXavier Creary, Pamela A. Inocencio, Ted L. Underiner, and Ray KostrominCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 11, 1932–1938Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00211a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00211a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1399Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Absorption of near-fields through hyperbolic metamaterials with finite thickness (2013)

We use spectral theory to analyze the radiation of elementary dipoles located close to homogeneous hyperbolic metamaterials (HMs) with finite thickness, focusing on the effect of losses in the HM. We show that for loss tangents (due to anisotropy) smaller than or equal to 10-1 the effect of the HM on dipole radiation is twofold: first, it induces an enhancement in the emitted power; second, most of this power is directed toward the HM itself. Then, we investigate the power scattered by a plasmonic nanosphere under plane wave incidence on top of a realistic multilayered HM with finite thickness. The multilayered HM, when homogenized, exhibits loss tangents of the same order of our previous analysis. We finally report that the multilayered HM enhances the nanosphere's scattered power, which is mainly directed toward the multilayered HM, in agreement with results relative to impressed dipoles. © 2013 IEICE.
CXCL8 and CCL20 Enhance Osteoclastogenesis via Modulation of Cytokine Production by Human Primary Osteoblasts (2015)

Generalized osteoporosis is common in patients with inflammatory diseases, possibly because of circulating inflammatory factors that affect osteoblast and osteoclast formation and activity. Serum levels of the inflammatory factors CXCL8 and CCL20 are elevated in rheumatoid arthritis, but whether these factors affect bone metabolism is unknown. We hypothesized that CXCL8 and CCL20 decrease osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and enhance osteoblast-mediated osteoclast formation and activity. Human primary osteoblasts were cultured with or without CXCL8 (2-200 pg/ml) or CCL20 (5-500 pg/ml) for 14 days. Osteoblast proliferation and gene expression of matrix proteins and cytokines were analyzed. Osteoclast precursors were cultured with CXCL8 (200 pg/ml) and CCL20 (500 pg/ml), or with conditioned medium (CM) from CXCL8 and CCL20-treated osteoblasts with or without IL-6 inhibitor. After 3 weeks osteoclast formation and activity were determined. CXCL8 (200 pg/ml) and CCL20 (500 pg/ml) enhanced mRNA expression of KI67 (2.5-2.7-fold), ALP (1.6-1.7-fold), and IL-6 protein production (1.3-1.6-fold) by osteoblasts. CXCL8-CM enhanced the number of osteoclasts with 3-5 nuclei (1.7-fold), and with >5 nuclei (3-fold). CCL20-CM enhanced the number of osteoclasts with 3-5 nuclei (1.3-fold), and with >5 nuclei (2.8-fold). IL-6 inhibition reduced the stimulatory effect of CXCL8-CM and CCL20-CM on formation of osteoclasts. In conclusion, CXCL8 and CCL20 did not decrease osteoblast proliferation or gene expression of matrix proteins. CXCL8 and CCL20 did not directly affect osteoclastogenesis. However, CXCL8 and CCL20 enhanced osteoblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis, partly via IL-6 production, suggesting that CXCL8 and CCL20 may contribute to osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis by affecting bone cell communication.
A nonparametric framework for treatment effect modifier discovery in high dimensions (2023)

Heterogeneous treatment effects are driven by treatment effect modifiers, pre-treatment covariates that modify the effect of a treatment on an outcome. Current approaches for uncovering these variables are limited to low-dimensional data, data with weakly correlated covariates, or data generated according to parametric processes. We resolve these issues by developing a framework for defining model-agnostic treatment effect modifier variable importance parameters applicable to high-dimensional data with arbitrary correlation structure, deriving one-step, estimating equation and targeted maximum likelihood estimators of these parameters, and establishing these estimators' asymptotic properties. This framework is showcased by defining variable importance parameters for data-generating processes with continuous, binary, and time-to-event outcomes with binary treatments, and deriving accompanying multiply-robust and asymptotically linear estimators. Simulation experiments demonstrate that these estimators' asymptotic guarantees are approximately achieved in realistic sample sizes for observational and randomized studies alike. This framework is applied to gene expression data collected for a clinical trial assessing the effect of a monoclonal antibody therapy on disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. Genes predicted to have the greatest potential for treatment effect modification have previously been linked to breast cancer. An open-source R package implementing this methodology, unihtee, is made available on GitHub at https://github.com/insightsengineering/unihtee.
Projection-Based Constrained Policy Optimization (2020)

We consider the problem of learning control policies that optimize a reward function while satisfying constraints due to considerations of safety, fairness, or other costs. We propose a new algorithm, Projection-Based Constrained Policy Optimization (PCPO). This is an iterative method for optimizing policies in a two-step process: the first step performs a local reward improvement update, while the second step reconciles any constraint violation by projecting the policy back onto the constraint set. We theoretically analyze PCPO and provide a lower bound on reward improvement, and an upper bound on constraint violation, for each policy update. We further characterize the convergence of PCPO based on two different metrics: $\normltwo$ norm and Kullback-Leibler divergence. Our empirical results over several control tasks demonstrate that PCPO achieves superior performance, averaging more than 3.5 times less constraint violation and around 15\% higher reward compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Exact Construction of BS-Assisted MSCR Codes With Link Constraints (2021)

It is clear that 5G network resources would be consumed by heavy data traffic owing to increased mobility, slicing, and layered/distributed storage system architecture. The problem is elevated when multiple node failures are repaired to address service quality requirements. Typical approaches include individual or cooperative data regeneration to efficiently utilize the available bandwidth. It is observed that storage systems of 5G and beyond technologies shall have a multi-layer architecture in which base stations (BS) would be present. Moreover, communication with each layer would be subject to various communication costs and link constraints. Under limited BS assistance and cooperation, the trade-off between storage per node and communication bandwidth has been established. In this trade-off, two operating points, namely minimum storage, and bandwidth regeneration are particularly important. In this study, we first identify the optimal number of BS use at the minimum storage regeneration point. An explicit code construction is provided subsequently for the exact minimum storage regeneration whereby each layer may help the repair process subject to a communication link constraint.
Water-Compatible Cycloadditions of Oligonucleotide-Conjugated Strained Allenes for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis (2020)

DNA-encoded libraries of small molecules are being explored extensively for the identification of binders in early drug-discovery efforts. Combinatorial syntheses of such libraries require water- and DNA-compatible reactions, and the paucity of these reactions currently limit the chemical features of resulting barcoded products. The present work introduces strain-promoted cycloadditions of cyclic allenes under mild conditions to DNA-encoded library synthesis. Owing to distinct cycloaddition modes of these reactive intermediates with activated olefins, 1,3-dipoles, and dienes, the process generates diverse molecular architectures from a single precursor. The resulting DNA-barcoded compounds exhibit unprecedented ring and topographic features, related to elements found to be powerful in phenotypic screening.
Reductive Activation of Dioxygen by a Myoglobin Reconstituted with a Flavohemin (2002)

We successfully converted myoglobin, an oxygen-storage hemoprotein, into an oxygen-activating hemoprotein like cytochrome P450s by replacing the native hemin with the artificially created flavohemin. The reconstituted myoglobin, rMb(1), was chacterized by ESI-TOF-mass, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectra. The 1H NMR spectrum of cyanomet rMb(1) indicates that two hemin conformers are present in a ratio of 1:1. Upon the addition of NADH to the buffer solution of rMb(1) in the presence of SOD and catalase, the oxymyoglobin was rapidly formed. As compared with the formation of the oxygenated native myoglobin in the presence of 10-N-(acetylaminoethyl)isoalloxazine, the rate constant of the oxyheme formation in rMb(1) is 6 times larger. This is because the flavin covalently linked to the terminal heme propionate functions as an effective mediator of an electron transfer from NADH to the hemin in rMb(1). Furthermore, rMb(1) shows the deformylation activity, when 2-phenylpropionaldehyde (2-PPA) was employed as a substrate. This result indicates that the oxyheme is reductively activated to Fe(III)-peroxoanion (Fe(III)-O22-). The result in this report is the first example of the activation of dioxygen by myoglobin. This study shows the utility of the replacement of the native hemin with a chemically modified one for the functionalization of myoglobin.