gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scene Graph Inference via Multi-Scale Context Modeling (2020)

The scene graph generated for an image structurally represents its object interactions and it substantially aids image scene understanding. To the best of our knowledge, most current works on scene graph generation chiefly focus on pairwise object regions for object and relation inference while ignoring the global visual context outside of these regions. Guided by the intuition that object/relation inference can benefit from the visual context within an image, this paper proposes a multi-scale context modeling method, which can jointly discover and integrate the complementary object-centric and region-centric context for scene graph inference. While both the object-centric and region-centric contexts are separately modeled by their individual modules, a bi-directional message propagation strategy is designed to mutually reinforce the context modeling. A context-fused inference is then proposed to integrate the multi-scale context to guide scene graph inference. Extensive experiments establish that this method can achieve competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods on three benchmarks. Additional ablation studies further validate its effectiveness. Code has been made available at: https://github.com/ningxu1990/MSCM.
ROMK is required for expression of the 70-pS K channel in the thick ascending limb (2004)

Apical potassium recycling is crucial for salt transport by the thick ascending limb (TAL). Loss-of-function mutations in the K channel, ROMK (Kir1.1; KCNJ1), cause Bartter syndrome, a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by severe reduction in salt absorption by the TAL, Na wasting, polyuria, and hypokalemic alkalosis. ROMK(-/-) null mice exhibit a Bartter phenotype and lack the small-conductance (30-pS) apical K channel (SK) in the TAL. However, a distinct 70-pS K channel can also significantly contribute to the apical conductance of TAL. We now examine the effect of ROMK deletion on the functional expression of the 70-pS K channel in the TAL. Functional expression of the 70-pS K channel was low [average channel activity (NP(o)) = 0.02] in ROMK(+/+) mice on a control K diet but increased to 0.27 by high-K intake for 2 wk. In contrast, the high-K diet decreased NP(o) of SK by approximately 30%, from 2.04 to 1.44. In ROMK heterozygous (+/-) mice on a control K diet, SK activity was about one-half of that observed in ROMK(+/+) mice (0.95 vs. 2.04). The high-K diet also reduced SK activity in ROMK(+/-) mice by approximately 40% (from 0.95 to 0.55) but increased NP(o) of the 70-pS K channel from 0 to 0.09 in ROMK(+/-) mice. This corresponds to approximately 30% of channel activity (NP(o) = 0.27) observed in ROMK(+/+) mice. Neither the 70-pS nor the 30-pS K channels were observed in TAL cells from ROMK(-/-) mice on either the normal or high-K diets. Thus functional expression of the 70-pS K channel is enhanced by increasing dietary K and requires expression of ROMK. It is likely that ROMK forms a critical subunit of the 70-pS K channel, accounting for the loss of apical K secretory channel activity in ROMK Bartter syndrome.
Association of nonionic polymers with micelles, bilayers, and microemulsions (1989)

A unified thermodynamic theory is developed here to explore the nature of association of nonionic polymer molecules with surfactant aggregates such as globular micelles, rod-like micelles, bilayers, oil in water microemulsions, and water in oil microemulsions. The association complex is visualized as consisting of the polymer molecule wrapped around the aggregate at its interface with water. The association with polymer provides enhanced shielding of the hydrophobic aggregate surface from water, increases the steric repulsions at the aggregate surface and gives rise to hydrophobic interactions between the polymer and the aggregate surface. Simple free energy models are formulated to account for these polymer-induced effects. Illustrative calculations have been carried out to examine the behavior of monoalkyl and dialkyl surfactants with nonionic, anionic, and zwitterionic polar head groups. The results show that polymer–aggregate association is almost always preferred in the case of anionic or zwitterionic surfactants. As a result of the association with the polymer, globular micelles transform into smaller globular micelles; large, polydisperse rod-like micelles change into small, monodispersed globular micelles; spherical vesicles and planar bilayers transform into smaller discoids. In all the cases, the polymer-bound aggregates are formed at a critical micelle concentration (CMC) that is significantly lower than the CMC of the polymer-free systems. In marked contrast, aggregates of nonionic surfactants may or may not associate with the polymer molecule. If association occurs, the polymer-induced changes in the aggregate morphologies are similar to those for the anionic surfactants. However, the CMC for the formation of bound aggregates is usually very close to that for the formation of the free aggregates. In many situations, association is not favored and polymer-free aggregates coexist with free polymer molecules in solution. It is found that subtle variations in the hydrophobic characteristics of the polymer molecule can tilt the equilibrium between polymer-bound and polymer-free aggregates. In the case of microemulsions, calculations show that the volume ratio of the dispersed phase to the surfactant is significantly altered by the presence of the polymer. Also, the condition for phase inversion from oil in water to water in oil type of microemulsion is modified by the presence of the polymer. The theoretical results suggest ways by which one may control the morphologies of surfactant aggregates using polymer additives.
Aggregated Massive Modular Paradigm: A 6G Telecom Infrastructure Vision (2020)

On the eve of 5G network deployment worldwide, a new boom in the mass digitization of our personal and professional lifestyles is looming. 5G marks a strong shift in the way in which connectivity will impact our societies and industries. This shift is taking place through a combination of technologies that have progressed business-as-usual with technical improvements. The future of 5G, already called 6G, currently belongs to the world of research, which must imagine the future development of mobile digital services in 10 years. In this ever more connected world, ownership of data and protection, control of ecological impact, both energetic and electromagnetic, in addition to guarantee an available, flexible network will be essential factors in the success of 6G. This new generation of networks brings along great challenges in terms of modularity, cost effectiveness and power efficiency. We present here a novel disruptive deployment strategy using cost-efficient modules along with aggregated connectivity meeting these requirements.
Phonon Polariton Spectroscopy in the Thermal Near-Field (2013)

Using scattering near-field spectroscopy with heated tips and substrates we characterize the distinct spatial, spectral, and coherence properties of the resonantly enhanced thermal near-field, and the optical antenna mediated projection into far-field emission.
Wavelet filters in multi-resolution motion estimation (2002)

The performance of various wavelets, including those known to be well suited for the coding of still images, are evaluated for the multi-resolution motion estimation of video sequences. The multi-resolution motion estimation scheme proposed by Zhang and Zafar (1992), which has been widely cited in the literature, is used as the simulation scheme in this study. The prediction mean square error (PMSE) in the wavelet transform coefficient domain is used in our study as the measure for prediction performance. In order to show the overall rate distortion performance, the number of bits needed to encode the motion vectors is also calculated. Simulation results show that the 7/9 biorthogonal wavelet, one of the best wavelets for the coding of still images, is the best wavelet for the task of multi-resolution motion estimation among the wavelets evaluated in this study.
Human Androgen Receptor Binding to the Androgen Response Element of Prostate Specific Antigen (1994)

This study examined the in vitro interaction of the human androgen receptor with a putative androgen response element (ARE) in the promoter region of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene. To characterize the androgen receptor's interactions with its DNA response elements we expressed the full length human androgen receptor protein in a baculovirus expression system. The receptor was shown to be 110 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and was purified using ion-exchange column chromatography. Binding of the synthetic androgen R1881 to the unpurified recombinant receptor exhibited a kd of 7.6 nM by Scatchard analysis. In DNA gel electromobility shift assays the promoter region from PSA (a 313-bp fragment) was bound by the unpurified recombinant androgen receptor in a sequence-specific manner. An ARE-containing sequence from the promoter region of the PSA gene was synthesized as a 30-bp oligonucleotide and was shown to bind specifically to the human androgen receptor in gel electromobility shift assays by DNA competition and by antibody supershifts of the receptor-ARE complex. The specific binding of the insect cell expressed androgen receptor to its ARE was shown to occur even in the absence of androgen. Androgen receptors purified by ion-exchange chromatography were unable to bind to ARE, suggesting the presence of other factors required for DNA binding.
Epileptic seizures: Quakes of the brain? (2010)

A dynamical analogy supported by five scale-free statistics (the Gutenberg-Richter distribution of event sizes, the distribution of interevent intervals, the Omori and inverse Omori laws, and the conditional waiting time until the next event) is shown to exist between two classes of seizures ("focal" in humans and generalized in animals) and earthquakes. Increments in excitatory interneuronal coupling in animals expose the system's dependence on this parameter and its dynamical transmutability: moderate increases lead to power-law behavior of seizure energy and interevent times, while marked ones to scale-free (power-law) coextensive with characteristic scales and events. The coextensivity of power law and characteristic size regimes is predicted by models of coupled heterogeneous threshold oscillators of relaxation and underscores the role of coupling strength in shaping the dynamics of these systems.
Anticorrosive and lubricating polyphenol coatings on galvanneal steel (2016)

Phosphate ion containing acidic polyphenol coating solutions were developed as to mitigate the deleterious effect of corrosion on galvannealed iron surface. The influence of manganese sulphate, manganese phosphate and polyethylene wax in polyphenol coatings were investigated to reduce the powdering of complex-shaped galvannealed structures and corrosion effect. Moreover, the reactivity of coating at the surface was evaluated by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Low surface integration within 3.5% NaCl environment and frictional behaviour was achieved with 0.5% manganese phosphate in polyphenol coated coupon by electrochemical and mechanical testing respectively.
Bacterial communities as indicators of soil health under a continuous cropping system (2021)

Abstract With growing global interest in the improvement of soil quality and the adoption of sustainable land management systems, there is an urgent need to find early indicators to monitor and manage sustainable soil health. Meta‐analyses provide useful information on microbial communities and community‐level molecular characteristics, which can be exploited as ‘biomarker’ indicators of ecosystem processes for soil health evaluation. Lanzhou lily ( Lilium davidii var. unicolor ) is the only type of sweet edible lily in China, as well as an endemic species with a narrow distribution. Due to its uses as food and in gardening, this lily has an economic value in the Country, particularly in Gansu Province located in the Loess Plateau. This lily is usually cultivated in long‐term continuous monoculture (replanting), resulting in the so‐called consecutive replanting problem (CRP), which is associated with severe soil degradation and significant yield and quality losses. This study was conducted to investigate the bacterial community structure and specific bacterial members related to the lily's CRPs and soil health degradation indicators via next‐generation sequence (NGS) analysis. The bacterial diversity of rhizosphere soil was analyzed by high‐throughput DNA sequencing (Miseq) of samples collected in fields at 0, 3, 6, and 9 replanting years (L0, L3, L6, and L9, respectively). Results showed that long‐term replanting significantly increased soil bacterial abundance and insignificantly changed soil bacterial diversity. However, replanting altered the soil microbial communities where 3–6 years of replanting was a transmission period for change, resulting in a new community structure after 9 years of replanting. Some specific bacterial members were found to be correlated with lily's plant growth, both positively and negatively. Long‐term replanting accumulation of the harbored highly abundant pathogenic bacterial genus Streptomyces and the species Bacillus simplex and depletion of the plant‐beneficial bacteria genera Sphingomonas and Hyphomicrobium are the causes of the lily's CRP under a 0–9 year replanting system. In addition, changes in the soil physiochemical properties contributed to the new structure of bacterial communities, and the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Sphingomonas could be regarded as potential indicators of sustainable soil management.
Evaluation of the perception of input-referred noise in hearing aids (1996)

Hearing-aid circuitry noise has been a major complaint among hearing-aid users, especially among those who have normal hearing at low-frequencies. The purpose of this study is to examine the spectral distribution of the noise-tolerance range for hearing-impaired listeners. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the upper and lower fences of the permissible equivalent input noise (in dB SPL) of a hearing aid. First the audiometric threshold is evaluated, then the just-audible noise level (JAL) and the just-objectionable noise levels (JOL), measured in dB SPL at the eardrum, are determined in quiet using normal hearing and hearing impaired listeners. Given the audiometric threshold, various prescriptions can then be applied to obtain the target gain values. The JOL minus the prescribed gain values (Rx) and the JAL minus Rx represent the maximum input noise level an individual will tolerate and the just-noticeable input noise level, respectively. These data will be useful as specifications of input referred noise for hearing-aid components. The mean and standard deviation of input referred JOL and JAL, in one-third octave bands, for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners will be reported. [Work supported by Knowles Electronics, Inc.]
Miscibility enhancement of poly(vinyl chloride)/polystyrene blend: Application to membrane separation of benzene from benzene/cyclohexane mixture by pervaporation (2016)

In order to improve the miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride)/polystyrene (PVC/PS) system and to use the prepared material as a membrane to separate benzene from benzene/cyclohexane mixture by pervaporation technique, two poly(styrene-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PSVP) copolymers containing 6.67 and 13.55 mol% of N-vinylpyrrolidone (N-VP) contents were synthesized through a radical polymerization. A comparative study of the miscibility of the PVC/PSVP blends with different compositions was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry, viscosimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods in which the interaction parameters between the two components were widely investigated. To improve the pervaporative flux of PVC membrane to separate benzene from benzene/cyclohexane mixture, a preliminary test of swelling and sorption was performed on PVC/PSVP7 membranes using an azeotropic benzene/cyclohexane mixture. It was revealed that the PVC/PSVP7 membrane containing 10 wt% of PSVP7 showed the best performance and the diffusion behaviour of this mixture through PVC and PVC/PCVP7 membranes has a Fickian behaviour. The pervaporation parameters of this membrane support those of the swelling and selective sorption data and reveal that this membrane could enhance the total flux without significantly affecting its selectivity to benzene.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION OF THE HYDROXY KETONE SIDE CHAIN OF CORTICOSTEROIDS FROM 17‐OXO STEROIDS VIA NITRO OLEFINS (1982)

Abstract Das Hydroxy‐androstenon (I) reagiert mit Nitromethan in Gegenwart von katalytischen Mengen Ethylendiamin zum Kondensa‐ 4 tionsprodukt (II), das gemäß Formelschema in die Keto‐acetate (IV) bzw. (VII) übergeführt wird.
Inhibition of cardiomyocytes late INa with ranolazine blunts anthracyclines-cardiotoxicity in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. (2012)

e13539 Background: Anthracyclines produce a well-known cardiomyopathy through multiple mechanisms, which also include, among many, Ca2+ overload due to reduced SERCA2a activity and inappropriate opening of the RyR2, and impaired myocardial energetics. Anthracyclines generate Reactive Oxigen and Nitrogen Species (ROS and RNS), posing the heart at increased demand for oxygen, thus setting the stage for a metabolic ischemia that also activates late I Na , the target of ranolazine (RAN). Here, we aim at assessing whether RAN, diminishing intracellular Ca2+ through its inhibition of late I Na, and enhancing myocardial glucose utilization (and/or reverting impairment of glucose utilization caused by chemotherapy) blunts anthracyclines cardiotoxicity. Methods: To assess for toxicity in vitro, rat H9C2 cardiomyoblasts were pretreated with RAN (0.1-1mM) for 72 hours and then treated with doxorubicin (DOX, 0.1 mM) for additional 24 hours. Cells counts were assessed by Trypan exclusion test. To evaluate cardiac function in vivo, fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were measured by echocardiography in C57BL6 mice, 2-4 mo old, pretreated with RAN (370mg/kg/day, a dose comparable to the one used in humans) per os for 3 days. RAN was then administered for additional 7 days, together with DOX (2.17mg/kg/day ip), according to our well established protocol. Results: After DOX, only 68% of the cells were viable. RAN alone did not affect cell survival, but blunted DOX toxicity, rescuing % cell survival to 87% (p=.01 vs DOX alone). In our in vivo studies, after 7 days with DOX, FS decreased to 50±2%, p=.002 vs 60±1% (sham), and EF to 81±2%, p=0.0001 vs 91±1% (sham). RAN alone did not change FS (59±2%) nor EF (89±1%). Interestingly, in mice treated with RAN and DOX, the reduction in cardiac function was milder: FS was 57±1%, EF was 89±1%, p=0.01 and 0.0009 respectively, vs DOX alone. Conclusions: RAN blunts DOX cardiotoxic effects in 2 different models, in vitro and in vivo. We plan to test RAN as a cardioprotective agent with other antineoplastic cardiotoxic drugs in our experimental models, and to better characterize the cardioprotective mechanisms of RAN in all these settings.
Enhanced privacy in broadcast passive optical networks through use of spectral slicing in waveguide grating routers (2002)

Recently proposed wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) passive optical network (PON) architectures utilize a waveguide-grating router (WGR) at the remote node to establish point-to-point or broadcast connections. While the initial push for WGR-based PONs was driven by the flexibility, privacy/security, and high capacity associated with point-to-point architectures, the advantages of providing broadcast delivery over these networks was also apparent. The WGR, when illuminated by a broadband source, mimics the broadcast function of a conventional passive splitter insofar as each output port receives approximately equal optical power.
Induction of p53‐independent apoptosis by the BH3‐only protein ITM2Bs (2004)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is critically involved in cell cycle regulation and programmed cell death. Here we show that expression of the BH3-only protein ITM2Bs is able to induce apoptotic cell death in p53+/+, as well as in p53-/- cell lines. This cell death involves neither subcellular redistribution of p53 nor transcriptional regulation of p53 target genes such as Bax, Ras, Puma or Bcl-2. Together, our data provide evidence for a p53-independent apoptotic role of ITM2Bs.
Implementation of Silicon Microphotonic Devices in a Geographically-distributed Fiber Optic Network (2008)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. T. Robinson, J. D. Marconi, N. Sherwood-Droz, A. S. Cerqueira, H. E. Hernandez-Figueroa, H. L. Fragnito, and M. Lipson, "Implementation of Silicon Microphotonic Devices in a Geographically-distributed Fiber Optic Network," in Integrated Photonics and Nanophotonics Research and Applications, (Optica Publishing Group, 2008), paper IME4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Total synthesis of (-)-paspaline (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (-)-paspalineAmos B. Smith III and Richard MewshawCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6, 1769–1771Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00292a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00292a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2158Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of IT services organizational units on the basis of Human Capital measures (2015)

In this paper, we compare organizational units using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on the basis of Human Capital (HC) measures. HC based performance measurement has become an important aspect for organizations to sustain long-term growth. With the inclusion of HC measures, the variable selection for DEAmodel becomes challenging. We propose an automated model discovery method for variable selection. The guideline for variable selection is based on the information obtained from the executives about the variables. This information about the variables could be complete, partial or incomplete. We demonstrate our method under these various scenarios. The methodology is applied to compare 40 units of an IT service firm. Further, we discuss in detail the managerial insights for improvement of the inefficient units.