gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of nicotinamide and hyperthermia to eliminate radioresistant chronically and acutely hypoxic tumor cells. (1990)

The interaction among nicotinamide, radiation, and heat was studied in vivo using a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma grown in the feet of CDF1 mice. Response following local tumor treatment was assessed by tumor control and regrowth delay. Nicotinamide (1000 mg/kg i.p.) produced maximal radiosensitization when injected 30 min to 2 h before irradiation [enhancement ratios (ERs), 1.2-1.5]. Radiation damage was also increased by heating tumors (43.5 degrees C for 60 min) 4 h after irradiation (ERs = 1.6-2.6). This combined radiation and heat treatment was enhanced by nicotinamide but the effect depended on the assay procedure, such that although a significant increase was observed with the tumor control assay, only a slight increase was seen using regrowth delay as the end point. The development of moist desquamation in normal feet was used to estimate skin damage after irradiation. Nicotinamide and heat both resulted in a small yet significant increase in skin damage (ERs less than 1.2 and 1.1, respectively). A combined treatment resulted in a greater ER of 1.7, but when compared to the tumor response it still gave a therapeutic gain. A histological fluorescent staining technique was used to assess functional tumor vasculature at two periods in time separated by 20 min. Under normal conditions 7.7% of the vessels in this tumor were functional at one time but not the other. This value was reduced to 2.8% after nicotinamide administration. Since these fluctuations in blood flow can result in acute hypoxia we conclude that while heat eliminates chronically hypoxic tumor cells, nicotinamide probably removes the presence of acute hypoxia.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension and Their Associated Risks for Poor Outcomes in Covid-19 Patients (2020)

CRD42020176582.
Fundamental Green Networking Technologies (2017)

This chapter gives an overview of the fundamental green networking technologies. Mobile traffic offloading, which is referred to as utilizing complementary network communications techniques to deliver mobile traffic, is a promising technique to alleviate congestion and reduce the energy consumption of mobile networks. Based on the network access mode, mobile traffic offloading schemes can be divided into two categories. The first category is infrastructure based mobile traffic offloading, which refers to deploying small cell base stations (BSs) to offload mobile traffic from macro BSs (MBSs). The second category is ad-hoc based mobile traffic offloading, which refers to applying device-to-device (D2D) communications as an underlay to offload mobile traffic from MBSs. To understand the performance of mobile networks, many measurement studies have been presented. These studies unveil the obstacles that delay content delivery in mobile networks, and shed light on the research directions for enhancing the performance of mobile networks.
Deuteron NMR investigations of ion-molecule interactions of aromatics included in zeolites (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuteron NMR investigations of ion-molecule interactions of aromatics included in zeolitesM. A. Hepp, V. Ramamurthy, David R. Corbin, and Cecil DybowskiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 6, 2629–2632Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100185a043https://doi.org/10.1021/j100185a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Central University Research Consortium (2002)

The US DoD announced the award of three 5-year grants at 1 M$/year for basic research on high energy microwave sources under the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI). These grants are monitored by the AFOSR (R. Barker, Technical Program Monitor). The three contracts are issued via UC/Davis (Western Consortium), Texas Tech University (Central Consortium) and the University of Maryland (Eastern Consortium). This paper describes the organization and main research topics of the Central Consortium, which consists of Texas Tech University, The University of New Mexico, The University of Michigan, and Physics International Company as an industrial partner. The main goals of this consortium are to explore various basic phenomena that may lead to higher power and energy microwave devices which can operate at high efficiencies and with self compensating capabilities to optimize the device operation under deteriorating system parameters. The capabilities of these three universities as well as those of the other two consortia and their industrial partners are all brought to bear on key issues related to these goals. The partners in all three consortia are under strong encouragement to cooperate closely.
THUMP: An Immersive Haptic Console for Surgical Simulation and Training (2004)

Telerobotic systems are revolutionizing minimally invasive surgery (MIS), giving the surgeon complete control over precise dexterous movements of tiny robotic instruments. Such 'surgery-by-wire' approaches also create unique opportunities for simulation and training, as the surgeon operates at a computer-mediated haptic console. Possible extensions include offline training in simulated environments and advanced guidance and mentoring during actual operations. To explore these options and further improve telerobotic interfaces, we have constructed a two-handed, fully articulating haptic console that provides force and torque feedback as well as a stereoscopic display.
P2‐009: CLINICAL TESTING OF LONGEVERON MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (LMSCS) TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2018)

Neuroinflammation appears to be a key mediator in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and thus could be of therapeutic value for treating AD. MSCs can also improve vasculature function, promote Abeta clearance, decrease hyperphosphorylated tau, elevate alternatively activated microglial, cross the blood-brain barrier, and promote neurogenesis, all of which further support the therapeutic potential of this cellular therapy to treat AD. A double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial is being conducted to evaluate the safety and provisional efficacy of Longeveron Mesenchymal Stem Cells (LMSCs) to treat AD. Enrolled subjects have clinically-diagnosed mild AD, with confirmatory MRI and PET scan for beta-amyloid. Subjects are randomized to receive a single intravenous infusion of either a low- or high-dose of LMSCs, or placebo. The subjects are followed for 1 year post-infusion, and evaluated for changes in AD status via a variety of cognitive assessments and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Furthermore, analysis of AD-associated and inflammatory biomarkers are assessed. The safety run-in phase of this study has been fully enrolled. No serious adverse events attributable to the infusion product have been observed, and the data monitoring committee has recommended that the remainder of the trial proceed without modification. The second phase of the trial is now enrolling. LMSC therapy appears to be safe and tolerable to patients with mild-AD. Due to the blind on this on-going study, efficacy data is not yet available.
Mitral annulus segmentation from three-dimensional ultrasound (2009)

An accurate and reproducible segmentation of the mitral valve annulus from 3D ultrasound is useful to clinicians and researchers in applications such as pathology diagnosis and mitral valve modeling. Current segmentation methods, however, are based on 2D information, resulting in inaccuracies and a lack of spatial coherence. We present a segmentation algorithm which, given a single user-specified point near the center of the valve, uses max-flow and active contour methods to delineate the annulus geometry in 3D. Preliminary comparisons to manual segmentations and a sensitivity study show the algorithm is both accurate and robust.
Diastolic Dysfunction is Common in Survivors of Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (2017)

Introduction: Whether pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are at risk of developing treatment-related adverse effects on cardiac function is unknown. We therefore studied in long-term survivors of pediatric DTC the prevalence of cardiac dysfunction and atrial fibrillation in relation to treatment variables, and the association between cardiac dysfunction and plasma biomarkers. Methods: In this nationwide prospective multicenter study, cardiac assessments were performed in 66 adult survivors of pediatric DTC (age at diagnosis ≤18 years and follow-up ≥5 years after diagnosis) treated in the Netherlands between 1970 and 2009. Assessment included echocardiography, plasma biomarkers (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, high-sensitive troponin-T, galectin-3), and 24-hour Holter electrocardiography. Echocardiographic measurements were compared with retrospective data of 66 sex- and age-matched unaffected Dutch controls. Diastolic dysfunction was defined as an early diastolic septal and/or lateral tissue velocity (e′) less than 2 SD of mean age-adjusted reference data. Results: The survivors (86.4% women) had at DTC diagnosis a median age of 16 years. Median follow-up was 17 years. Left ventricular ejection fraction <50% was found in one survivor, and median global longitudinal systolic strain was near normal. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 14 asymptomatic survivors (21.2%). Overall, diastolic function of survivors was lower compared with controls (e′mean 14.5 versus 15.8 cm/s, P = 0.006). Older attained age and higher waist circumference were associated with decreased diastolic function, whereas thyrotropin levels and cumulative administered radioiodine dose were not. In survivors, biomarkers were not associated with diastolic dysfunction; atrial fibrillation was not observed. Conclusion: While systolic function is unaffected, diastolic dysfunction is frequently observed in asymptomatic long-term survivors of pediatric DTC, which may suggest early cardiac aging.
High-repetition-rate, short-pulse generator using a planar CROSSATRON(R) switch (1997)

Summary form only given. We have developed a high-repetition-rate, high-voltage short-pulse generator that employs a new planar CROSSATRON(R) switch to discharge a low-inductance capacitor array into a load. Typical pulse parameters are 20-kV capacitor-charge voltage, 50-ns pulse width, 20-40-ns pulse risetime, and up to 120-kHz pulse-repetition rate in bursts of ten pulses. The burst length is limited by the capacitor charging power supply, not the intrinsic characteristics of the tube. High-repetition rate operation is enabled by a new planar CROSSATRON switch that uses a flat cathode, anode and grids, rather than the cylindrical electrode geometry used in other CROSSATRONs. CROSSATRON switches are plasma-discharge devices that conduct high current with low forward-voltage drop at high speeds. CROSSATRON switches also feature rapid recovery times that permit operation at high pulse-repetition frequencies. In fact, when configured in closing-only applications, as in the short-pulse generator, a maximum closing rate of di/dt=10/sup 11/ A/s can be obtained with voltage recovery times of <100 /spl mu/s.
Optimized Monotonic Convex Pair Potentials Stabilize Low-Coordinated Crystals (2010)

We have previously used inverse statistical-mechanical methods to optimize isotropic pair interactions with multiple extrema to yield low-coordinated crystal classical ground states (e.g., honeycomb and diamond structures) in d-dimensional Euclidean space R^d. Here we demonstrate the counterintuitive result that no extrema are required to produce such low-coordinated classical ground states. Specifically, we show that monotonic convex pair potentials can be optimized to yield classical ground states that are the square and honeycomb crystals in R^2 over a non-zero number density range. Such interactions may be feasible to achieve experimentally using colloids and polymers.
A blueprint for academic laboratories to produce SARS-CoV-2 quantitative RT-PCR test kits (2020)

Widespread testing for the presence of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals remains vital for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic prior to the advent of an effective treatment. Challenges in testing can be traced to an initial shortage of supplies, expertise, and/or instrumentation necessary to detect the virus by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), the most robust, sensitive, and specific assay currently available. Here we show that academic biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories equipped with appropriate expertise and infrastructure can replicate commercially available SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test kits and backfill pipeline shortages. The Georgia Tech COVID-19 Test Kit Support Group, composed of faculty, staff, and trainees across the biotechnology quad at Georgia Institute of Technology, synthesized multiplexed primers and probes and formulated a master mix composed of enzymes and proteins produced in-house. Our in-house kit compares favorably with a commercial product used for diagnostic testing. We also developed an environmental testing protocol to readily monitor surfaces for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Our blueprint should be readily reproducible by research teams at other institutions, and our protocols may be modified and adapted to enable SARS-CoV-2 detection in more resource-limited settings.
Abbildungsfehler und Auflösung (2011)

Wir sprechen in diesem Kapitel nicht von ungenau gefertigten Linsen und Spiegeln oder von mechanisch unpräzise und instabil aufgebauten optischen Systemen. Wenn alle diese Aspekte sorgfältig berücksichtigt worden sind, bleiben immer noch zwei grundsätzliche physikalische Phänomene, die das Licht auf seinem Weg durch eine Optik und eventuell bis hin zu einem Detektor beeinträchtigen können.
Modifying the Seismic Source Array Spectrum to Reduce the Risk of Injury to Marine Mammals (2013)

Acoustic injury criteria for marine mammals are well defined and they are applicable to seismic sources. Several studies have suggested that marine seismic sources emit more high-frequency energy than is required for imaging. I show how the extent of the injury zone can be reduced by using a source array with an output spectrum that is partially attenuated at higher frequencies while probably not compromising image quality.
Microstructure of Dissimilar Joint Interface of Magnesium Alloy and Aluminum Alloy by Friction Stir Welding (2003)

Friction stir welding (FSW) shows significant advantages in the joining of aluminum alloys in recent years. In this paper, the feasibility of FSW for magnesium joints and magnesium to aluminum dissimilar joints was studied. Specimens were joined by FSW at the feed rate of 3.33-13.3 mm•s—1 and the tool rotational speed of 25 or 50 s—1. In the case of the butt welded magnesium alloy(AZ31), the average grain size in the stir zone is about 10μm that is smaller than that of in the parent metal. In the case of the dissimilar weld of magnesium alloy to aluminum alloy, mixing is limited and a more mechanical interlocking joint forms. However, the intermediate layer of about 2μm thickness is observed by TEM. Two kinds of phases are observed in the intermediate layer by the electron diffraction pattern. The electron diffraction suggests that one phase is Al12Mg17 intermetallic compound, while the other phase can not be defined. The mechanical properties of the dissimilar joint are inferior to those of the parent metals especially in the elongation because of the intermediate layer.
High-speed interferometric imaging reveals dynamics of neuronal deformation during the action potential (2020)

Neurons undergo nanometer-scale deformations during action potentials, and the underlying mechanism has been actively debated for decades. Previous observations were limited to a single spot or the cell boundary, while movement across the entire neuron during the action potential remained unclear. Here we report full-field imaging of cellular deformations accompanying the action potential in mammalian neuron somas (-1.8 to 1.4 nm) and neurites (-0.7 to 0.9 nm), using high-speed quantitative phase imaging with a temporal resolution of 0.1 ms and an optical path length sensitivity of <4 pm per pixel. The spike-triggered average, synchronized to electrical recording, demonstrates that the time course of the optical phase changes closely matches the dynamics of the electrical signal. Utilizing the spatial and temporal correlations of the phase signals across the cell, we enhance the detection and segmentation of spiking cells compared to the shot-noise-limited performance of single pixels. Using three-dimensional (3D) cellular morphology extracted via confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that the voltage-dependent changes in the membrane tension induced by ionic repulsion can explain the magnitude, time course, and spatial features of the phase imaging. Our full-field observations of the spike-induced deformations shed light upon the electromechanical coupling mechanism in electrogenic cells and open the door to noninvasive label-free imaging of neural signaling.
Structural Basis for Binding of Fluorinated Glucose and Galactose to Trametes multicolor Pyranose 2-Oxidase Variants with Improved Galactose Conversion (2014)

Each year, about six million tons of lactose are generated from liquid whey as industrial byproduct, and optimally this large carbohydrate waste should be used for the production of value-added products. Trametes multicolor pyranose 2-oxidase (TmP2O) catalyzes the oxidation of various monosaccharides to the corresponding 2-keto sugars. Thus, a potential use of TmP2O is to convert the products from lactose hydrolysis, D-glucose and D-galactose, to more valuable products such as tagatose. Oxidation of glucose is however strongly favored over galactose, and oxidation of both substrates at more equal rates is desirable. Characterization of TmP2O variants (H450G, V546C, H450G/V546C) with improved D-galactose conversion has been given earlier, of which H450G displayed the best relative conversion between the substrates. To rationalize the changes in conversion rates, we have analyzed high-resolution crystal structures of the aforementioned mutants with bound 2- and 3-fluorinated glucose and galactose. Binding of glucose and galactose in the productive 2-oxidation binding mode is nearly identical in all mutants, suggesting that this binding mode is essentially unaffected by the mutations. For the competing glucose binding mode, enzyme variants carrying the H450G replacement stabilize glucose as the α-anomer in position for 3-oxidation. The backbone relaxation at position 450 allows the substrate-binding loop to fold tightly around the ligand. V546C however stabilize glucose as the β-anomer using an open loop conformation. Improved binding of galactose is enabled by subtle relaxation effects at key active-site backbone positions. The competing binding mode for galactose 2-oxidation by V546C stabilizes the β-anomer for oxidation at C1, whereas H450G variants stabilize the 3-oxidation binding mode of the galactose α-anomer. The present study provides a detailed description of binding modes that rationalize changes in the relative conversion rates of D-glucose and D-galactose and can be used to refine future enzyme designs for more efficient use of lactose-hydrolysis byproducts.
Supplemental Tables 1-16 from Exome Sequencing of African-American Prostate Cancer Reveals Loss-of-Function <i>ERF</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1. Overall cohort characteristics of AAPC whole exome sequencing cohort (n=102) Supplemental Table 2. Clinical and pathological characteristics of AAPC WES discovery cohort (n=102) Supplemental Table 3. Comparison of numbers of tumors by Gleason grade between the TCGA and AAPC cohorts Supplemental Table 4. Germline pathogenic variants in genes in the DNA repair pathway and list of 20 DNA repair genes assessed in targeted analysis Supplemental Table 5. Alteration file of somatic variants detected in the AAPC WES discovery cohort (n=102) Supplemental Table 6. Focal deletion and amplification peaks and genes located within peaks by GISTIC2.0 analysis of AAPC WES cohort Supplemental Table 7. ERF deletions and mutations in prostate tumors of the Weill Cornell Precision Medicine cohort Supplemental Table 8. Clinical and pathological characteristics of AAPC targeted sequencing extension cohort Supplemental Table 9. List of genes and intronic regions targeted with hybrid capture bait set used for AAPC extension cohort Supplemental Table 10. Alteration file of somatic variants detected in the AAPC extension cohort (n=90) using the targeted sequencing panel Supplemental Table 11. ERF mutation frequencies across published prostate cancer cohorts Supplemental Table 12. Germline ERF variant detected in the AAPC WES cohort Supplemental Table 13. Mutations in cytochrome P450 genes in the AAPC exome discovery cohort Supplemental Table 14. ERF oligonucleotides used for RNA in situ hybridization Supplemental Table 15. Gene sets shERF_VCAP_UP_LnCAP_UP_overlap_UP and shERF_vs_CNTRL.LHSAR_UP Supplemental Table 16. Tumor purity estimates for AAPC exome discovery cohort&lt;/p&gt;
Interactome Analyses of Mature γ-Secretase Complexes Reveal Distinct Molecular Environments of Presenilin (PS) Paralogs and Preferential Binding of Signal Peptide Peptidase to PS2 (2013)

γ-Secretase plays a pivotal role in the production of neurotoxic amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) in Alzheimer disease (AD) and consists of a heterotetrameric core complex that includes the aspartyl intramembrane protease presenilin (PS). The human genome codes for two presenilin paralogs. To understand the causes for distinct phenotypes of PS paralog-deficient mice and elucidate whether PS mutations associated with early-onset AD affect the molecular environment of mature γ-secretase complexes, quantitative interactome comparisons were undertaken. Brains of mice engineered to express wild-type or mutant PS1, or HEK293 cells stably expressing PS paralogs with N-terminal tandem-affinity purification tags served as biological source materials. The analyses revealed novel interactions of the γ-secretase core complex with a molecular machinery that targets and fuses synaptic vesicles to cellular membranes and with the H(+)-transporting lysosomal ATPase macrocomplex but uncovered no differences in the interactomes of wild-type and mutant PS1. The catenin/cadherin network was almost exclusively found associated with PS1. Another intramembrane protease, signal peptide peptidase, predominantly co-purified with PS2-containing γ-secretase complexes and was observed to influence Aβ production.