gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Sources for 2 Neural Signatures of Target Detection: An Electrocorticography Study (2016)

Electrophysiology and neuroimaging provide conflicting evidence for the neural contributions to target detection. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) studies localize the P3b event-related potential component mainly to parietal cortex, whereas neuroimaging studies report activations in both frontal and parietal cortices. We addressed this discrepancy by examining the sources that generate the target-detection process using electrocorticography (ECoG). We recorded ECoG activity from cortex in 14 patients undergoing epilepsy monitoring, as they performed an auditory or visual target-detection task. We examined target-related responses in 2 domains: high frequency band (HFB) activity and the P3b. Across tasks, we observed a greater proportion of electrodes that showed target-specific HFB power relative to P3b over frontal cortex, but their proportions over parietal cortex were comparable. Notably, there was minimal overlap in the electrodes that showed target-specific HFB and P3b activity. These results revealed that the target-detection process is characterized by at least 2 different neural markers with distinct cortical distributions. Our findings suggest that separate neural mechanisms are driving the differential patterns of activity observed in scalp EEG and neuroimaging studies, with the P3b reflecting EEG findings and HFB activity reflecting neuroimaging findings, highlighting the notion that target detection is not a unitary phenomenon.
Coded sparse matrix computation schemes that leverage partial stragglers (2021)

Coded matrix computation utilizes concepts from erasure coding to mitigate the effect of slow worker nodes (stragglers) in the distributed setting. While this is useful, there are issues with applying, e.g., MDS codes in a straightforward manner for this problem. Several practical scenarios involve sparse matrices. MDS codes typically require dense linear combinations of submatrices of the original matrices which destroy their inherent sparsity; this leads to significantly higher worker computation times. Moreover, treating slow nodes as erasures ignores the potentially useful partial computations performed by them. In this work we present schemes that allow us to leverage partial computation by stragglers while imposing constraints on the level of coding that is required in generating the encoded submatrices. This significantly reduces the worker computation time as compared to previous approaches and results in improved numerical stability in the decoding process. Exhaustive numerical experiments support our findings.
Intravenous gammaglobulin treatment in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: delineation of usage and mode of action. (1994)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system demyelinating disease of implicated autoimmune aetiology. The effect was evaluated of intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIg), a successful therapy in various autoimmune diseases, in relapsing-remitting MS patients treated for three years. IVIg treatment significantly reduced the number and severity of acute exacerbations and resulted in a lesser neurological disability. There were no significant short or long-term adverse effects to IVIg treatment. To clarify the putative therapeutic effects of IVIg, this treatment was examined in the animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the rat. IVIg suppressed active EAE in relation to disease severity and duration, despite the presence of T-cell reactivity to specific antigens, while the treatment had no effect on passive EAE induced by adoptive transfer of myelin basic protein specific CD4 + T-cells. It is concluded that IVIg treatment may be a promising treatment in relapsing-remitting MS as it can alter the natural course of the disease.
Parameter selection for Wyner-Ziv coding of Laplacian sources (2007)

A large number of practical coding scenarios deal with sources such as transform coefficients that can be well modeled as Laplacians. For regular coding of such sources, samples are often quantized by a family of uniform quantizers possibly with a deadzone, and then entropy coded. For the Wyner-Ziv coding problem when correlated side-information is available at the decoder, the side-information can be modeled as obtained by additive Laplacian or Gaussian noise on the source. This paper deals with optimal choice of parameters for practical Wyner-Ziv coding in such scenarios, using the same quantizer family as in the regular codec to cover a range of rate-distortion trade-offs, given the variances of the source and additive noise. We propose and analyze a general encoding model that combines source coding and channel coding and show that at practical block lengths and code complexities, not pure channel coding but a hybrid combination of source coding and channel coding with right parameters provide optimal rate-distortion performance. Further, for the channel coded bit-planes we observe that only high-rate codes are useful. We also provide a framework for on-the-fly parameter choice based on non-parametric representation of a set of seed functions, for use in scenarios where variances are estimated during encoding. A good understanding of the optimal parameter selection mechanism is essential for building practical distributed codecs.
Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Inhibition of Src Activity Study of Saracatinib in Patients with Solid Tumors (2010)

Saracatinib was well tolerated in patients with advanced solid malignancies. A reduction in tumor Src activity was observed. PK data show that saracatinib is suitable for once-daily oral dosing. Based on this study, the recommended dose for the phase II studies was chosen to be 175 mg/d.
Supplementary Materials, Figures 1-2 from Exchange Protein Directly Activated by Cyclic AMP Increases Melanoma Cell Migration by a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent Mechanism (2023)

Supplementary Materials, Figures 1-2 from Exchange Protein Directly Activated by Cyclic AMP Increases Melanoma Cell Migration by a Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;-Dependent Mechanism
Human Movement Training With a Cable Driven ARm EXoskeleton (CAREX) (2014)

In recent years, the authors have proposed lightweight exoskeleton designs for upper arm rehabilitation using multi-stage cable-driven parallel mechanism. Previously, the authors have demonstrated via experiments that it is possible to apply "assist-as-needed" forces in all directions at the end-effector with such an exoskeleton acting on an anthropomorphic machine arm. A human-exoskeleton interface was also presented to show the feasibility of CAREX on human subjects. The goals of this paper are to 1) further address issues when CAREX is mounted on human subjects, e.g., generation of continuous cable tension trajectories 2) demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of CAREX on movement training of healthy human subjects and a stroke patient. In this research, CAREX is rigidly attached to an arm orthosis worn by human subjects. The cable routing points are optimized to achieve a relatively large "tensioned" static workspace. A new cable tension planner based on quadratic programming is used to generate continuous cable tension trajectory for smooth motion. Experiments were carried out on eight healthy subjects. The experimental results show that CAREX can help the subjects move closer to a prescribed circular path using the force fields generated by the exoskeleton. The subjects also adapt to the path shortly after training. CAREX was also evaluated on a stroke patient to test the feasibility of its use on patients with neural impairment. The results show that the patient was able to move closer to a prescribed straight line path with the "assist-as-needed" force field.
In vivo inhibition of tyrosine uptake into rat retina by large neutral but not acidic amino acids (1986)

The uptake of tyrosine into rat retina and brain was studied in vivo after its peripheral injection alone or in combination with other amino acids. Both retinal and brain tyrosine levels increased monotonically for at least 60 min after tyrosine administration. When tyrosine was injected along with branched-chain amino acids, but not with acidic amino acids, such increments in retinal and brain tyrosine levels were significantly attenuated. The postinjection tyrosine levels in retina and brain paralleled better the serum ratio of tyrosine to the sum of the other large neutral amino acids (which include the branched-chain amino acids) than the serum tyrosine level alone. These results suggest that tyrosine uptake into rat retina, like that into brain, is mediated by a competitive transport system shared among the large neutral amino acids.
Real-Time Monitoring of Post-Surgical and Post-Traumatic Eye Injuries Using Multilayered Electrical Biosensor Chip (2017)

Lack of current techniques for the early monitoring of bleb leaks and other post-traumatic or post-surgical ocular injury has posed an unmet clinical need for the development of new techniques. Present evaluation techniques use either subjective or nonquantitative approaches. At present, there are no FDA approved ocular devices that can directly measure ascorbic acid (AA) concentration levels for both tear film (TF) and aqueous humor (AH) at point-of-care (POC) level. Toward this aim, we present a novel POC quantitative assay, called the ocular biosensor device, which can be used to evaluate the integrity of the anterior surface of the eye by measuring the concentration of AA in TF and AH. Herein, we utilize a novel scientific engineering approach for the development of a disposable paper based POC ocular biosensor strip. A grafted poly(styrene)-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) and graphene platelet composite with contour based μ-electrodes design (CBμE) exhibit a highly sensitive platform to perform electrochemical immunosensing technique to study clinical samples that have small volumes like tear fluid. Samples used in this study were collected clinically from subjects undergoing therapeutic anterior chamber paracentesis. The proposed biosensor reports the level of AA concentration on an electronic screen, making the results easy to read, efficient, and reliable.
The Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Promoter cis-Acting Element CLE0 Mediates Induction Signals in T Cells and is Recognized by Factors Related to AP1 and NFAT (1993)

Expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene in T cells is activated by the combination of phorbol ester (phorbol myristate acetate) and calcium ionophore (A23187), which mimic antigen stimulation through the T-cell receptor. We have previously shown that a fragment containing bp -95 to +27 of the mouse GM-CSF promoter can confer inducibility to reporter genes in the human Jurkat T-cell line. Here we use an in vitro transcription system to demonstrate that a cis-acting element (positions -54 to -40), referred to as CLE0, is a target for the induction signals. We observed induction with templates containing intact CLE0 but not with templates with deleted or mutated CLE0. We also observed that two distinct signals were required for the stimulation through CLE0, since only extracts from cells treated with both phorbol myristate acetate and A23187 supported optimal induction. Stimulation probably was mediated by CLE0-binding proteins because depletion of these proteins specifically reduced GM-CSF transcription. One of the binding factors possessed biochemical and immunological features identical to those of the transcription factor AP1. Another factor resembled the T-cell-specific factor NFAT. The characteristics of these two factors are consistent with their involvement in GM-CSF induction. The presence of CLE0-like elements in the promoters of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF, and NFAT sites in the IL-2 promoter suggests that the factors we detected, or related factors that recognize these sites, may account for the coordinate induction of these genes during T-cell activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface‐Bound Carbonyl Compounds as Lewis Acids. Photoluminescence as a Probe for the Binding of Ketones and Aldehydes to Cadmium Sulfide and Cadmiun Selenide Surfaces (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Novel End-Reactive Dendron in the Accelerated Synthesis of Carboxylate-Terminated Dendritic Poly(Ether-Amides) (1997)

Abstract A novel end-reactive AB4 dendron with four phenolic coupling sites and a benzyl alcohol functionality at the focal point has been prepared by a chemoselective amidation process that requires no functional group protection. The usefulness of the end-reactive dendron for the accelerated synthesis of dendritic polymers has been demonstrated in the preparation of several poly(amide-ether) dendritic macromolecules with carboxylate chain-ends. The new dendritic polymers have been characterized by NMR and MALDI mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, and thermal analysis methods.
Domain Patterns in (111) Oriented Tetragonal Ferroelectric Films (1999)

The possible domain patterns are developed for (111) oriented epitaxial tetragonal ferroelectric (FT) films. The domain patterns in the film form as the result of phase transition from the paraelectric to ferroelectric state to minimize the elastic energy of the system at the expense of creating of domain boundaries and developing non-uniform elastic fields near the film/substrate interface. Six possible domain variants may form, half of which are related by the inversion of the polarization vector. The possible domain walls arising between pairs of variants can be derived from the conditions of the mechanical and charge compatibility. These walls are {101} boundaries (pseudocubic indexing) and can either be inclined or normal to film/substrate interface. The domain patterns with inclined boundaries have a flat free film surface and possess non-zero net polarization in the direction normal to the film surface, i.e., they correspond to the poled film state. The domain patterns with normal boundaries lead to ‘puckering’ of the film surface, simultaneously they are related to the unpoled state of ferroelectric films. The coherency defect technique is developed for domain pattern energetics for (111) oriented FT films. The coherency defects include (i) a cross-grid of edge dislocations with unbalanced densities (which lead to in-plane biaxial strain field), (ii) Somigliana screw dislocations (which produce alternating sense of shear in neighboring domains), and (iii) wedge disclinations (which are related to out-of-plane rotations in neighboring domains). Analytical calculations of the pattern energy are performed for single embedded domain and multidomain patterns. These calculations are based on the use of screened configurations for representative coherency elements: disclination and Somigliana screw dislocation dipoles and quadrupoles. It is predicted that there is no critical thickness for domain pattern formation in (111) oriented epitaxial tetragonal ferroelectric films. Tiling of different domain patterns in complex mesoscopic structures is also discussed and supported by experimental observations.
Byzantine-Tolerant Erasure-Coded Storage (2003)

This paper describes a decentralized consistency protocol for survivable storage that exploits data versioning within storage-nodes. Versioning enables the protocol to efficiently provide linearizability and wait-freedom of read and write operations to erasure-coded data in asynchronous environments with Byzantine failures of clients and servers. Exploiting versioning storage-nodes, the protocol shifts most work to clients. Reads occur in a single round-trip unless clients observe concurrency or write failures. Measurements of a storage system using this protocol show that the protocol scales well with the number of failures tolerated, and that it outperforms a highly-tuned instance of Byzantine-tolerant state machine replication.
Structural Features of the Central Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Involved in the Binding of the Specific CB1 Antagonist SR 141716A (1996)

The antagonist SR 141716A has a high specificity for the central CB1 cannabinoid receptor and negligeable affinity for the peripheral CB2 receptor, making it an excellent tool for probing receptor structure-activity relationships. From binding experiments with mutated CB1 and with chimeric CB1/CB2 receptors we have begun to identify the domains of CB1 implicated in the recognition of SR 141716A. Receptors were transiently expressed in COS-3 cells, and their binding characteristics were studied with SR 141716A and with CP 55,940, an agonist recognized equally well by the two receptors. The region delineated by the fourth and fifth transmembrane helices of CB1 proved to be crucial for high affinity binding of SR 141716A. The CB1 and CB2 second extracellular loops, e2, were exchanged, modifications that had no effect on SR 141716A binding in the CB1 variant but that eliminated CP 55,940 binding in both mutants. The replacement of the conserved cysteine residues in e2 of CB2 by serine also eliminated CP 55,940 binding, but replacement of those in CB1 resulted in the sequestration of the mutated receptors in the cell cytoplasm. The e2 domain thus plays some role in CP 55,940 binding but none in SR 141716A recognition, binding of the latter clearly implicating residues in the adjoining transmembrane helices.
Development of small caliber vascular grafts with a high mechanical load made from autologous peripheral blood samples and fibroblasts (2011)

Objectives: The generation of a small-diameter vascular bypass graft remains a major goal of cardiovascular tissue engineering. Herein, the development of a bioartificial vascular graft made from a fibrin preparation and vascular cells, simultaneously isolated from individual porcine peripheral blood samples and fibroblasts is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A HIGH‐YIELD MODIFICATION OF THE PSCHORR PHENANTHRENE SYNTHESIS (1985)

Abstract Nitro‐benzaldehyde (I) bzw. (IX) kondensieren mit Phenylessigsäuren (II) bzw. (X) zu den Nitroarylzimtsäuren (III) bzw. (XI).
Analysis of heating phenomenon in oxide thin-film transistor under pulse voltage stress (2014)

Degradation by Joule heating of the thin-film transistors (TFTs) is one of the important issues for realizing next-generation displays. We have investigated the thermal distribution on the channel region of transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor TFT in pulse operation using an infrared imaging system. We also discussed the relationship between the self-heating temperature and the degradation.
Micropatterning Cells in Tissue Engineering (2003)

Recent advances in tissue engineering have been facilitated by the ability to control the environment of cells in vitro. Modulation of cell-extracellular matrix, cell-substrate, and cell-cytokine interactions have proven to be useful in organotypic cultures of many kinds. In some cases, such as skin, bone marrow, and liver, the recovery of physiologic tissue function is enhanced by co-cultivation of two or more cell types together. The in vitro dependence of tissue function on cell-cell interactions is reminiscent of cellular cues during embryogenesis, or adult interactions between parenchymal cells and supporting stroma.
Generative Adversarial Networks for Classification (2017)

Our team is reviewing tools and techniques that enable rapid prototyping. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been shown to reduce training requirements for detection problems. GANs compete generative and discriminative classifiers to improve detection performance. This paper expands the use of GANs from detection (k=2) to classification (k>2) problems. Several GAN network structures and training set sizes were compared to the baseline discriminative network and Bayes' classifiers. The results show no significant performance differences among any of the network configurations or training set size trials. However, the GANs trained with fewer network nodes and iterations than needed by the discriminator classifiers alone.
Chemical Composition and in Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Eucalyptus gillii Essential Oil and Extracts (2012)

In this study, essential oil and various extracts (hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water) of Eucalyptus gilii were screened for their chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The essential oil chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), respectively. Thirty four compounds were identified, corresponding to 99.5% of the total essential oil. Tannins [104.9-251.3 g catechin equivalent (CE)/Kg dry mass], flavonoids [3.3-34.3 g quercetin equivalent (QE)/Kg dry mass], phenolics [4.7-216.6 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/Kg dry mass] and anthocyannins [1.2-45.3 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent (C3GE)/Kg dry mass] of various extracts were investigated. Free radical scavenging capacity of all samples was determinedt. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the IC50 of essential oil was 163.5 ± 10.7 mg/L and in the 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) assay, it was 94.7 ± 7.1 mg/L. Among the various extracts, the water extract showed the best result (IC50 = 11.4 ± 0.6 mg/L) in the DPPH assay which was comparable to vitamin C (IC50 = 4.4 ± 0.2 mg/L). The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against different bacterial and fungal strains. Gram positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive to the essential oil and extracts than Gram negative ones. Anthocyanins seem to have a major effect on the growth of Bacillus subtilis (R2 = 0.79). A significant antifungal activity was observed against the yeast and fungi. Correlations between chemical composition and antioxidant activities were studied and R2 values were about 0.96 for the effect of phenolics on the DPPH assay.
Pressure-Induced Transition from Localized Electron Toward Band Antiferromagnetism inLaMnO3 (2002)

The temperature dependence of the ac susceptibility under pressure has been used to track the Néel temperature T(N) of the Mott insulators LaMnO3, CaMnO3, and YCrO3. Bloch's rule relating T(N) to volume V, viz., alpha=dlog(T(N)/dlog(V=-3.3, is obeyed in YCrO3 and CaMnO3; it fails in LaMnO3. This breakdown is interpreted to be due to a sharp increase in the factor [U(-1)+(2Delta)(-1)] entering the superexchange perturbation formula. A first-order change at 7 kbar indicates that the transition from localized-electron to band magnetism is not smooth.
Architecting Hard Crossbars on FPGAs and Increasing their Area Efficiency with Shadow Clusters (2007)

We explore the architecture of on-chip hard crossbars in FPGAs and show that the area efficiency of such FPGAs can be improved when combined with shadow clusters (which are soft-logic LUT-based clusters that are architected to sit "behind" the multiplier), as an exemplar of an application circuit that appears less commonly in the designs targeting FPGAs. The metric that we seek to improve is the "frequency" that the need for hard crossbars must appear in the FPGA's target application suite for the inclusion of the hard crossbar to appear to be area-neutral. For example, we show that this break-even point for a hard 32 full-way crossbar changes from 32% of benchmarks needing to require crossbars to 9% for FPGAs with shadow clusters.
Analytic Photonic Crystal Cavity Design (2007)

We describe an analytic method for designing photonic crystal structures and apply it to high-Q cavities. Starting from a Bloch mode of a photonic crystal or waveguide, we derive a perturbative two-dimensional structure to confine a desired mode.