gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemokine receptors (version 2019.5) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database (2019)

Chemokine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Chemokine Receptors [426, 425, 32]) comprise a large subfamily of 7TM proteins that bind one or more chemokines, a large family of small cytokines typically possessing chemotactic activity for leukocytes. Additional hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic roles have been identified for many chemokines in the areas of embryonic development, immune cell proliferation, activation and death, viral infection, and as antibiotics, among others. Chemokine receptors can be divided by function into two main groups: G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, which mediate leukocyte trafficking, and "Atypical chemokine receptors", which may signal through non-G protein-coupled mechanisms and act as chemokine scavengers to downregulate inflammation or shape chemokine gradients [32].Chemokines in turn can be divided by structure into four subclasses by the number and arrangement of conserved cysteines. CC (also known as β-chemokines; n= 28), CXC (also known as α-chemokines; n= 17) and CX3C (n= 1) chemokines all have four conserved cysteines, with zero, one and three amino acids separating the first two cysteines respectively. C chemokines (n= 2) have only the second and fourth cysteines found in other chemokines. Chemokines can also be classified by function into homeostatic and inflammatory subgroups. Most chemokine receptors are able to bind multiple high-affinity chemokine ligands, but the ligands for a given receptor are almost always restricted to the same structural subclass. Most chemokines bind to more than one receptor subtype. Receptors for inflammatory chemokines are typically highly promiscuous with regard to ligand specificity, and may lack a selective endogenous ligand. G protein-coupled chemokine receptors are named acccording to the class of chemokines bound, whereas ACKR is the root acronym for atypical chemokine receptors [33]. There can be substantial cross-species differences in the sequences of both chemokines and chemokine receptors, and in the pharmacology and biology of chemokine receptors. Endogenous and microbial non-chemokine ligands have also been identified for chemokine receptors. Many chemokine receptors function as HIV co-receptors, but CCR5 is the only one demonstrated to play an essential role in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. The tables include both standard chemokine receptor names [675] and aliases.
Rotator cuff disorders : evaluation and treatment (1991)

This is a study of what the contributors consider the best present-day surgical and nonsurgical treatments for young people, athletes and others who suffer rotator cuff disorders. It covers pathogenesis, diagnosis, nonsurgical management, surgical treatment and postoperative rehabilitation.
Evaluation of Microwave and Conventional Heating for Electrostatic Treatment of a Water-in-Oil Model Emulsion in a Pilot Plant (2017)

The efficiency of electrostatic coalescence coupled with microwave heating in separation of water-in-oil (W/O) model emulsions was evaluated. A series of experiments were performed in a continuous pilot plant where a W/O emulsion can be treated by application of electric field, microwave heating, conventional heating, or a combination of these techniques. The separation efficiencies in the two process configurations were evaluated by measuring the water content of treated model emulsion. The combination of electrocoalescence and microwave showed better separation results, in comparison to conventional heating combination with electrocoalescence. The influence of four operational variables on the water contents of the treated emulsions were studied: salt concentration, flow rate, the electric field between electrodes, and water cut at the inlet were evaluated. It was observed that a lower flow rate (higher residence time) helped in reducing the final water content and that a higher salt content resulted in worse separation efficiency. The microwave heating showed to be an attractive alternative to conventional heating, particularly when the electrocoalescer is under operational stress.
<title>Fiber coupling with adaptive optics for free-space optical communication</title> (2002)

We describe an adaptive optical fiber coupling system for free- space optical communication comprising a micro-electromechanical deformable mirror and a VLSI gradient descent controller for model-free performance optimization. A comparison of Strehl ratio maximization with direct model-free coupling efficiency optimization revealed an advantage of the latter method.
Generation of magnetic biohybrid microrobots based on MSC.sTRAIL for targeted stem cell delivery and treatment of cancer (2023)

Abstract Background: Combining the power of magnetic guidance and the biological activities of stem cells transformed into biohybrid microrobots holds great promise for the treatment of several diseases including cancer. Results: We found that human MSCs can be readily loaded with magnetic particles and that the resulting biohybrid microrobots could be guided by a rotating magnetic field. Rotating magnetic fields have the potential to be applied in the human setting and steer therapeutic stem cells to the desired sites of action in the body. We could demonstrate that the required loading of magnetic particles into stem cells is compatible with their biological activities. We examined this issue with a particular focus on the expression and functionality of therapeutic genes inside of human MSC-based biohybrid microrobots. The loading with magnetic particles did not cause a loss of viability or apoptosis in the human MSCs nor did it impact on the therapeutic gene expression from the cells. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of the gene products was not affected, and the cells did also not lose their migration potential. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the fabrication of guidable MSC-based biohybrid microrobots is compatible with their biological and therapeutic functions. Thus, MSC-based biohybrid microrobots represent a novel way of delivering gene therapies to tumours as well as in the context of other diseases.
Collagens and non collagenous proteins in the human eye. I. Corneal stroma in vivo and keratocyte production in vitro (1981)

Human corneal stroma in situ and keratocyte activity in vitro were studied by the indirect immunofluorescent technique using highly purified antibodies to the various types of collagens, fibronectin and laminin. Studying the localization of the various collagens in situ, it was observed that only type I collagen is present in the human corneal stroma. No positive immunofluorescence is obtained for type II or type III collagen. With type IV collagen, a bright immunofluorescence is observed at the level of Bowman's and Descemet's membranes. However, in vitro, the keratocyte cultures demonstrated the production of both type I and III collagens. No evidence for the production of type II or IV collagens was observed. Along with the collagens, human keratocytes in vitro also produced fibronectin. As for the non collagenous components of basement membrane (laminin), although a positive immunofluorescence was obtained the involvement of other cell-membrane glycoproteins in this reaction is not excluded. The possibility that a deregulation of type III collagen synthesis in vivo might be occurring also during certain pathologies and in corneal wound healing is postulated.
Erythropoiesis in Familial Erythrocytosis (1977)

We found primary erythrocytosis in two male siblings with hematologically normal parents. To clarify the abnormalities in erythropoiesis, we studied erythropoietin production in the older sibling as well as in vivo and in vitro responses of bone marrow to various stimuli. His erythropoietin excretion after a 1000-ml phlebotomy increased by 0 to 11 units per day. In liquid-suspension culture, erythropoiesis was prominently augmented by erythropoietin and unstimulated erythropoiesis was greater and more prolonged than normal. Numbers of erythroid colonies rose in methylcellulose culture without exogenous erythropoietin, and cloning increased with added erythropoietin. Anti-erythropoietin antibody substantially decreased erythropoiesis in vitro. Increased bone-marrow erythropoiesis was also demonstrated in murine diffusion chambers. The principal abnormality in this familial erythrocytosis appears to be a greatly expanded erythropoietic precursor pool that is responsive to erythropoietin in vitro and in vivo. This abnormality is analogous to the functional erythropoietic defect in typical polycythemia vera.
Olefin polymerizations and copolymerizations with aluminum alkyl–cocatalyst systems. I. Cocatalysis with brönsted acid systems (1968)

Abstract Certain aluminum alkyls and aluminum dialkyl halides in conjunction with suitable simple cocatalysts generating proton or carbonium ion exhibit high polymerization activity and produce high molecular weight polyolefins, diolefins and/or copolymers at comparatively high temperatures. In this paper we report our investigations with AlEt 2 Cl–Brönsted acid systems used for polymerizing isobutylene and copolymerizing isobutene‐isoprene mixtures for high molecular weight products. The cocatalyst is not specific in these reactions. Highly active systems can be obtained with HCl, HBr, CCl 3 COOH, etc. Evidently proton donors in general (Brönsted acids) may function as cocatalysts in this system. The sequence of polymerization initiation activity of various Brönsted acids in conjunction with AlEt 2 Cl is HCl, HBr ≫ HF, H 2 O &gt; CCl 3 COOH ≫ CH 3 OH &gt; CH 3 COCH 3 . The effect of temperature on the molecular weights was studied. In contrast to linear plots of log molecular weight versus 1/ T , obtained for polyisobutylene or isobutylene‐isoprene copolymers with conventional Friedel‐Crafts halides in the −30 to −100°C range, this Arrhenius plot showed a marked maximum near −70°C for polymers prepared with AlEt 2 Cl–HCl catalyst systems. Features of this polymerization reaction are discussed.
Human Immunoglobulin A Receptor (FcRI, CD89) Function in Transgenic Mice Requires Both FcR γ Chain and CR3 (CD11b/CD18) (1999)

Even though more immunoglobulin A (IgA) is produced in humans than all other isotypes combined, relatively little is known about receptors that bind the Fc part of IgA. The myeloid IgA receptor, FcRI (CD89), triggers various effector functions in vitro, but its in vivo role remains unclear. Here, a transgenic mouse model is described in which FcRI is expressed under its own regulatory sequences. Receptor expression and regulation by cytokines was comparable to the human situation and hFcRI can trigger phagocytosis and lysis of tumor cells. To analyze the contribution of the FcR γ chain or the β2 integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18) in FcRI biological function, FcRI transgenic mice were crossed with either FcR γ chain −/− or CR3 −/− mice. In contrast to in vitro data, FcR γ chain was essential for surface expression of hFcRI in vivo. Functional studies in hFcRI/ γ−/−mice were, therefore, limited. In vitro studies showed FcR γ chain to be necessary for phagocytosis. Neither hFcRI expression nor phagocytosis, triggered via hFcRI, were influenced by CR3. Remarkably, the capacity to lyse tumor targets was ablated in hFcRI transgenic/ CR3−/− mice, although binding of neutrophils to tumor cells was intact. This shows a previously unrecognized importance of CR3 for hFcRI-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
Table S2 from Impact of Prior Treatment on the Efficacy of Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2 describes treatment characteristics by clinical response to treatment&lt;/p&gt;
Edge-coupled membrane terahertz photonic transmitters based on metal–semiconductor–metal traveling-wave photodetectors (2002)

Ultra-high-speed photodetectors and printed-circuit antennas construct photonic transmitters. In this letter, we demonstrate a terahertz (THz) photonic transmitter: edge-coupled membrane photonic transmitters based on metal–semiconductor–metal traveling-wave photodetectors, which are fabricated with low-temperature-grown GaAs photoabsorption layers. With a membrane-based and edge-coupled structure, the demonstrated photonic transmitters can eliminate the requirement of Si lenses and attain an over 20 times higher optical-to-THz power conversion efficiency 2×10−4 than vertical illuminated photonic transmitters with Si lenses at the same operation frequency.
Endosonografie des Colons als Frühmarker des therapeutischen Ansprechens bei Patienten mit Colitis ulcerosa - erste Studienergebnisse (2013)

Einleitung: Die Beurteilung der entzündlichen Aktivität einer Colitis ulcerosa (UC) ist bislang auf die Mukosaoberfläche beschränkt. Durch eine Endosonografie (EUS) wird exakte Quantifizierung der Wanddicke möglich, diese korreliert mit dem Grad der entzündlichen Aktivität.
Derivation of a hue-angle dependent, hue-difference weighting function for CIEDE2000 (2002)

CIE technical committee TCl-47 was established with a goal to improve the performance of the CIE94 color-difference equation. Recent visual experiments indicated that a hue-angle dependency might exist. Four datsets focused on hue differences were used to derive a new hue-angle function. The resulting function resulted in a statistically significant improvement compared with existing color-difference equations.
ON-LINE PREDICTION OF BOSTWICK CONSISTENCY FROM PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL IN PIPE FLOW FOR KETCHUP AND RELATED TOMATO PRODUCTS (1998)

An on-line sensor was developed by correlating pressure differential to Bostwick value for ketchup, crushed tomato and pizza sauce with Bostwick values from 4–12. Flow rate was varied from 6.3 × 10-5 to 37 × 10-5 m3/s (1 to 6 gpm) and temperature from 93 to 46C. The consistency coefficient is reported. The correlation was compared to samples measured in a factory, with mean deviations of 0.72 and 0.52 cm for ketchup and pizza sauce, respectively.
Multiple Effector Functions Mediated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD4+T-Cell Clones (2001)

Mounting evidence suggests that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-specific T helper cells contribute to effective antiviral control, but their functional characteristics and the precise epitopes targeted by this response remain to be defined. In this study, we generated CD4(+) T-cell clones specific for Gag from HIV-1-infected persons with vigorous Gag-specific responses detectable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Multiple peptides containing T helper epitopes were identified, including a minimal peptide, VHAGPIAG (amino acids 218 to 226), in the cyclophilin binding domain of Gag. Peptide recognition by all clones examined induced cell proliferation, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, and cytolytic activity. Cytolysis was abrogated by concanamycin A and EGTA but not brefeldin A or anti-Fas antibody, implying a perforin-mediated mechanism of cell lysis. Additionally, serine esterase release into the extracellular medium, a marker for cytolytic granules, was demonstrated in an antigen-specific, dose-dependent fashion. These data indicate that T helper cells can target multiple regions of the p24 Gag protein and suggest that cytolytic activity may be a component of the antiviral effect of these cells.
Two distinct mechanisms for redistribution of lymphocyte surface macromolecules. I. Relationship to cytoplasmic myosin. (1978)

A detailed kinetic analysis of the distribution of cytoplasmic myosin during the capping of various lymphocytic surface molecules revealed two distinct capping mechanisms. (a) Some cell surface molecules, including immunoglobulin, Fc receptor, and thymus leukemia antigen, all cap spontaneously in a small fraction of lymphocytes during locomotion. Cytoplasmic myosin becomes concentrated in the cytoplasm underlying these spontaneous caps. Exposure to specific antibodies causes all three of these surface molecules to cap rapidly with a concomitant redistribution of cytoplasmic myosin to the area of the cap. These antibodies also stimulate cell locomotion. (b) Other lymphocyte surface molecules, including H2 and Thy.1, do not cap spontaneously. Moreover, exposure to antibodies to these molecules causes them to cap slowly without a redistribution of cytoplasmic myosin or stimulation of cell locomotion. Exposure to concanavalin A gives a response intermediate between these two extremes. We believe that the first type of capping is active and may involve a direct link between the surface molecules and the cytoplasmic contractile apparatus. The second type of capping appears to result simply from aggregation of cross-linked molecules in the plane of the membrane.
Recombination of Envelope and Phase Paths in Wideband Polar Transmitters (2010)

We investigate the recombination of discrete-time envelope and phase/frequency components of a polar transmitter, which is based here on an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) with wideband modulation capability and a digitally controlled power amplifier (DPA). A unified discrete/continuous-time analysis is introduced for the development of the interpolative transfer characteristics of the envelope and phase paths that allows their recombination to be studied in the continuous-time domain of the DPA radio-frequency output. The nonlinear recombination of the polar components in the DPA is analytically investigated in the context of a proposed characterization technique that utilizes single-tone envelope and phase signals, and conclusions on the optimal architecture of a wideband ADPLL-based polar transmitter are drawn. The harmonic distortion results obtained in the context of the proposed characterization technique effectively highlight the performance of the polar transmitter when it is driven with the wideband baseband envelope and phase-modulating signals of today's high-data-rate digital communication systems, such as wideband code-division multiple access and beyond.
Interference Localization On-Board the Satellite Using Drift Induced Virtual Array (2018)

Herein, we investigate the interference received from other wireless networks into a satellite communication (SATCOM) link, and review approaches to identify the interference location using on-board satellite processing. Interference is an increasing problem for satellite communication links, and while receiving signals from gateways or user terminals, the uplink is prone to disturbance by interference due to jammers or unintentional transmissions. In this paper, our aim is to localize unknown interference sources present on the ground by estimating direction of arrival (DOA) information using on-board processing (OBP) in the satellite, and the satellite drift inducing a virtual array. In this work, the signal sampled by the drifting single antenna feed is modeled as using an arbitrary array. Building on this model, we perform the 2-D DOA (azimuth and elevation) estimation. The key challenges in such a design include single snapshot based DOA estimation with low complexity and robustness, arising out of limited on-board computational complexity as well as uncertainty in parameters like the drift speed. Employing realistic satellite drift patterns, the paper illustrates the performance of the proposed technique highlighting the accuracy in localization under adverse environments. We provide numerical simulations to show the effectiveness of our methodology.
The impact of obesity on perioperative complications in patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (2020)

Obesity is associated with increased postoperative complications in ALIF, including ileus, wound complications, and UTI. ALIF is a safe and effective procedure. However, patients with a BMI ≥ 31 kg/m2 should be counseled on their increased risks and warrant careful preoperative medical optimization and close monitoring in the postoperative setting.
Spatial and Temporal Virus Load Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: A Single-Center Cohort Study (2021)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an ongoing pandemic. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and has been applied to different specimen types. Understanding the virus load and virus detection frequency in different specimen types is important to improve diagnosis and estimate the duration of potential infectivity. We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study on hospitalized and outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed the frequency of virus detection, virus load, and duration of the virus excretion in upper and lower respiratory specimens as well as stool and plasma. We found that the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 detection, the virus load, and duration of virus excretion was higher in lower respiratory tract (LRT) than in upper respiratory tract (URT) specimens. The duration of virus excretion was longer in patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In conclusion, LRT specimens are the most appropriate specimen type for the detection and follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Duration of virus excretion is longer in severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Renal Artery Implantation Angles in Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms and Their Implications in the Era of Branched Endografts (2010)

The primary location of longitudinal aortic growth will drive the RAIA in a cranial or caudal direction. When the disease process is largely located below the renal ostia, infrarenal aortic lengthening drives the renal ostia cranially, forcing the implantation angle of the renal ostia to be caudally directed. The opposite occurs in type II or III TAAAs, where the bulk of disease is above the renal arteries, driving the ostia down to create RAIAs that are nearly orthogonal to the centerline of flow. Utilization of this data could result in endovascular grafts designed with branches replacing fenestrations for renal artery perfusion.
Maximum likelihood estimation for multiple-source losss tomography with network coding (2011)

Loss tomography aims at inferring the loss rate of links in a network from end-to-end measurements. Previous work in [1] has developed optimal maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) for link loss rates in a single-source multicast tree. However, only sub-optimal algorithms have been developed for multiple-source loss tomography [2]â[5]. In this paper, we revisit multiple-source loss tomography in tree networks with multicast and network coding capabilities, and we provide, for the first time, low-complexity MLEs for the link loss rates. We also derive the rate of convergence of the estimators.
Sonic log velocity variations and crack‐porosities in crystalline rocks (1995)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995Sonic log velocity variations and crack‐porosities in crystalline rocksAuthors: Klaus HolligerJohan O. A. RobertssonKlaus HolligerInstitute of Geophysics, ETH, Switzerland and Johan O. A. RobertssonInstitute of Geophysics, ETH, Switzerlandhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887390 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887390FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByAdvanced Porosity Modeling and Lithology Analysis Based on Sonic Log and Core Data for Arkose Sandstone Reservoir: Habban Field24 January 2017 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1995 Pages: 1566 publication data© 1995 Copyright © 1995 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Klaus Holliger and Johan O. A. Robertsson, (1995), "Sonic log velocity variations and crack‐porosities in crystalline rocks," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 686-689. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887390 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...