gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO2−Fluorocarbon and CO2−Hydrocarbon Interactions from First-Principles Calculations (1998)

The interactions of CO2 with small hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons (CH4, C2H6, CF4, and C2F6) are investigated using the Hartree−Fock and second-order many-body perturbation theory (MP2) methods. Hartree−Fock calculations with flexible basis sets fail to give appreciable binding for any of the four dimers. In contrast, MP2 calculations using flexible basis sets and including corrections for basis-set superposition error give binding energies of the CO2−CH4, CO2−C2H6, CO2−CF4, and CO2−C2F6 clusters ranging from −0.79 to −1.17 kcal/mol. The binding energies for the CO2−hydrocarbon complexes are slightly larger in magnitude than the corresponding CO2−perfluorocarbon clusters.
Reconfigurable optical quadrature amplitude modulation converter/encoder using a tunable complex coefficient optical tapped delay line (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable optical converter/encoder for quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signals. The system utilizes nonlinear wavelength multicasting, conversion-dispersion delays, and simultaneous nonlinear multiplexing and sampling. We show baud rate tunability (31 and 20 Gbaud) and reconfigurable conversions from lower-order QAM signals to higher-order QAM signals (e.g., 64-QAM).
Advanced Materials, Technologies, and Complex Systems Analyses: Emerging Opportunities to Enhance Urban Water Security (2017)

Innovation in urban water systems is required to address the increasing demand for clean water due to population growth and aggravated water stress caused by water pollution, aging infrastructure, and climate change. Advances in materials science, modular water treatment technologies, and complex systems analyses, coupled with the drive to minimize the energy and environmental footprints of cities, provide new opportunities to ensure a resilient and safe water supply. We present a vision for enhancing efficiency and resiliency of urban water systems and discuss approaches and research needs for overcoming associated implementation challenges.
Finite difference analysis of two-dimensional flow around an automobile. (1987)

Two-dimensional flow around an automobile is calculated by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations numerically. The basic equations are transformed into a general coodinate system and discretized by a third-order upwind scheme without any turbulent modes. Computational results show small vorticies being generated one after another at the leading edges of the hood and roof, which start to increase in size over the rear window and become extremely large behind the vehicle. The pressure distribution on the surface of the body indicates several minus-peaks corresponding to the vorticies at each time step. However, when the surface pressure is averaged over a long period, agreement with the experimental data measured in a two-dimensional wind tunnel is good.
Start up for growth: The localmed experience (1996)

Abstract Like many a start‐up company, LocalMed—a medical device manufacturer based in Palo Alto, California‐was born in the garage of its founder. But that is where the similarities with most start ups end. Nearly from day one, this company's visionary founders planned for the growth and future of their business in a highly organized and systematic manner. This strategy has enabled the firm to concentrate on producing a high‐quality product in a streamlined environment of efficiency.
Surface Combustion in Metal Fibre Burners (1991)

Metal fibre burners exhibit stable radiant surface combustion over a range of thermal inputs. The model outlined in this report explains why stable surface combustion is possible for some values of thermal input but not for others. It also identifies parameters which will affect burner operation and provides temperature profiles through the burner material which cannot be obtained experimentally. The model takes account of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation within the burner, combustion near the burner surface and radiation from the surface. The method of activation energy asymplotics is used to simplify the equations which result.
Adjuncts for Maximizing Resection (2012)

Roberts, David W. MD; Valdés, Pablo A. PhD; Harris, Brent T. MD, PhD; Hartov, Alexander PhD; Fan, Xiaoyao BE; Ji, Songbai DSc; Pogue, Brian W. PhD; Leblond, Frederic PhD; Tosteson, Tor D. ScD; Wilson, Brian C. PhD; Paulsen, Keith D. PhD
Air-Stable Calcium Cyanamide-Supported Ruthenium Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis and Decomposition (2020)

Efficient ammonia synthesis and decomposition processes under mild conditions are important to meet the expanding demand in major applications of ammonia as the energy carrier and to provide feedstock for chemical industry. Here, we report that air-stable calcium cyanamide-supported ruthenium (Ru/CaCN2) works as an efficient and stable catalyst for ammonia synthesis and decomposition. Ru/CaCN2 exhibits greater catalytic performances for both reactions than Ru/Ca2N electride and Ru–Cs/MgO. The kinetic analysis for ammonia synthesis suggests that Ru/CaCN2 exhibits low apparent activation energy and high resistance to hydrogen poisoning, which has characteristics similar to the kinetic parameters of Ru-supported electride catalyst. H2-temperature programmed reaction and temperature programmed desorption revealed that Ru promoted the formation of CN2 vacancies on the CaCN2 surface which in turn capture hydrogen as H– ions during the reaction. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into how the formation of CN2 vacancies is promoted by Ru, which leads to the decrease in the work function of the CaCN2 surface and the hydrogen capture at the Ru-support interface. These results suggest that the high catalytic performance of Ru/CaCN2 can be attributed to the formation of a quasi-electride structure at the Ru–CaCN2 interface.
Synthesis and Analysis of Alpha Silicon Carbide Components for Encapsulation of Fuel Rods and Pellets (2011)

The chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of silicon carbide (SiC) along with its low neutron activation and stability in a radiation field make it an attractive material for encapsulating fuel rods and fuel pellets. The alpha phase (6H) is particularly stable. Unfortunately, it requires very high temperature processing and is not readily available in fibers or near-net shapes. This paper describes an investigation to fabricate a-SiC as thin films, fibers and near-net-shape products by direct conversion of carbon using silicon monoxide vapor at temperatures less than 1700 C. In addition, experiments to nucleate the alpha phase during pyrolysis of polysilazane, are also described. Structure and composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Preliminary tensile property analysis of fibers was also performed.
Deformation, microstructure and stiffness of the rat brain tissue during the development of experimental obstructive hydrocephalus (2015)

Understanding neural injury in hydrocephalus and how key physiological factors changes during the course of the disease in-vivo remain unclear. This study aims to describe brain deformation, microstructural and mechanical properties changes during obstructive hydrocephalus (HCP) development in a rat model using multimodal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
Surgical treatment of brain metastases of lung cancer: retrospective analysis of 89 cases. (1994)

The records of 89 patients who underwent surgery for solitary or multiple parenchymal brain metastases of lung cancer at the Osaka Center for Adult Diseases between 1978 and 1990 were reviewed with follow up until March 1992. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to identify prognostic features that were associated with a favourable outcome. The benefits of brain tumour surgery were evaluated in terms of the cause of death (brain metastasis, tumour in another organ, or treatment related) as well as the postoperative changes in functional state indicated by the Karnofsky scale. The overall mean survival time was 11.6 months, and the one and two year survival rates were 24% and 8%. The brain lesion itself was the cause of death in only 19% of the patients; the other 81% died of systemic disease. Functional state improved after surgical excision of the brain tumour in 36%, remained unchanged in 53%, and worsened in 11%. These data suggest that surgical intervention is beneficial for patients with parenchymal brain metastases. Variables significantly associated with a favourable prognosis included surgical excision of the primary lesion, adenocarcinoma as the histological diagnosis, the use of adjuvant treatment, especially chemotherapy, a preoperative score of over 80% on the Karnofsky scale, and metastasis confined to the brain with no extracranial metastatic foci or residual primary tumour. Additional but non-significant contributors to a good prognosis included age under 65 or 70 years, early tumour stage (stage 1), curative lung cancer surgery, a single metastatic brain tumour (v multiple lesions), a solid tumour (v cystic), and a supratentorial location of the brain metastasis. The disease free interval and the cerebrospinal fluid cytology were not significant prognostic factors. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that the surgical removal of brain metastases of lung cancer should be undertaken if the primary tumour has already been removed whether or not there are extracranial metastases, and that postoperative chemotherapy should generally be given.
Low-dose azathioprine is effective in maintaining remission in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis: results from a territory-wide Chinese population-based IBD registry (2016)

In the Chinese population, low-dose AZA is effective for maintaining remission in steroid-dependent UC patients. Standard-dose AZA was associated with more than threefold increased risk of leukopenia.
High-frequency photorefractive amplification for ATR applications (2006)

Automatic target recognition (ATR) can be accomplished by many methods, including recognition of vibrometric signatures. In many cases, ATR is enhanced by photorefractive amplification, a two-wave mixing effect in which two input beams form a dynamic holographic grating. One of the two beams (the pump) diffracts from that grating into the other (the signal), assuming the characteristics of the signal. When the pump is much stronger than the signal, the diffracted pump becomes a highly amplified signal beam. Traditionally, however, the frequency at which this amplification can be applied is limited to <1/2&#960;&#964;<sub>0</sub>, where &#964;<sub>0</sub> is the decay time of the grating in the absence of a pump or signal. We demonstrate that the amplification has no such limit in the case of vibrometry, which measures frequency-modulated, rather than amplitude-modulated, signals. This is shown by constant photorefractive amplification at frequencies up to >700 kHz in Cu:KNSBN, which has &#964;<sub>0</sub> >100 ms (corresponding to a maximum amplification frequency of 1.6 Hz).
Neuron-Specific Effects of Interleukin-1β Are Mediated by a Novel Isoform of the IL-1 Receptor Accessory Protein (2011)

In the CNS, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is synthesized and released during injury, infection, and disease, mediating inflammatory responses. However, IL-1β is also present in the brain under physiological conditions, and can influence hippocampal neuronal function. Several cell-specific IL-1-mediated signaling pathways and functions have been identified in neurons and astrocytes, but their mechanisms have not been fully defined. In astrocytes, IL-1β induced both the p38 MAPK and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathways regulating inflammatory responses, however in hippocampal neurons IL-1β activated p38 but not NF-κB. Additionally, IL-1β induced Src phosphorylation at 0.01 ng/ml in hippocampal neurons, a dose 1000-fold lower than that used to stimulate inflammatory responses. IL-1 signaling requires the type 1 IL-1 receptor and the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) as a receptor partner. We previously reported a novel isoform of the IL-1RAcP, IL-1RAcPb, found exclusively in CNS neurons. In this study, we demonstrate that AcPb specifically mediates IL-1β activation of p-Src and potentiation of NMDA-induced calcium influx in mouse hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Mice lacking the AcPb, but retaining the AcP, isoform were deficient in IL-1β regulation of p-Src in neurons. AcPb also played a modulatory role in the activation of p38 MAPK, but had no effect on NF-κB signaling. The restricted expression of AcPb in CNS neurons, therefore, governs specific neuronal signaling and functional responses to IL-1β.
Force Transmission Control in Multilateral System for Teletraining (2008)

Recently, skill preservation of an expert has been a serious problem of the medical or production fields. It is difficult to acquire a human motion including touching motion by the conventional visual-based system. A touching motion is inherently bilateral, since an action is always accompanied by a reaction. A bilateral force feedback control is necessary to acquire the human's skill.This paper proposes a haptic teletraining system by multilateral force feedback control. Since the multilateral control transmits haptic information among three or more remote systems, it is possible to train remote trainee by one skilled trainer simultaneously. In the proposed haptic teletraining system, each local system consists of a master-slave system. Since a touching motion is subject to the “law of action and reaction”, it is possible to decompose the force information into action force and reaction force by using the bilateral control. Thus the skilled motion by a trainer is acquired and saved as a digital database integrated with his haptic information.The proposed system is applied to one-trainer/two-trainee system. As a result, a motion including contact with the environment is transmitted and trained with vivid force feedback. The experimental results show viability of the proposed method.
Flexible and stretchable metal oxide nanofiber networks for multimodal and monolithically integrated wearable electronics (2020)

Fiber-based electronics enabling lightweight and mechanically flexible/stretchable functions are desirable for numerous e-textile/e-skin optoelectronic applications. These wearable devices require low-cost manufacturing, high reliability, multifunctionality and long-term stability. Here, we report the preparation of representative classes of 3D-inorganic nanofiber network (FN) films by a blow-spinning technique, including semiconducting indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) and copper oxide, as well as conducting indium-tin oxide and copper metal. Specifically, thin-film transistors based on IGZO FN exhibit negligible performance degradation after one thousand bending cycles and exceptional room-temperature gas sensing performance. Owing to their great stretchability, these metal oxide FNs can be laminated/embedded on/into elastomers, yielding multifunctional single-sensing resistors as well as fully monolithically integrated e-skin devices. These can detect and differentiate multiple stimuli including analytes, light, strain, pressure, temperature, humidity, body movement, and respiratory functions. All of these FN-based devices exhibit excellent sensitivity, response time, and detection limits, making them promising candidates for versatile wearable electronics.
Novel susceptibility genes associated with diabetic cataract in a Taiwanese population (2012)

The 15 loci coded on chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 14, 16 and 22 were associated with diabetic cataract. Gene functions are either with mechanisms of regulating blood sugar or formation of cataract. High linkage disequilibrium appeared on chromosome 4p15.31 and chromosome 7q21.3.
Spatial Light Modulators Using Super Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals and Application to Projection Display (1992)

The super twisted nematic liquid crystal is applied to spatial light modulators. This liquid crystal has very steep threshold characteristics. These spatial light modulators work well even if the photoconductive layer is as thin as 1 µm. This is in contrast to conventional ones which require a thick photoconductive layer (&gt;10 µm). Sensitivity is significantly increased (2 µW/cm 2 at 50 Hz operation). This spatial light modulator is applied to a projection display. Images of objects illuminated by the fluorescent lamp can be passed through a lens, and large images are projected onto screens.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Profiles of Patients with Acute Renal Rejection to Personalize Immunosuppressive Therapy: Preliminary Results from An On-Going, Italian Study (2017)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in immune responses and in the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressive drugs influence transplant outcomes of patients receiving the same immunosuppressive therapy.
Spectral Lanczos decomposition method for solving single‐phase fluid flow porous media (1994)

Abstract A three‐dimensional well model ( r − θ − z ) for the simulation of single‐phase fluid flow in porous media is developed. Rather than directly solving the 3‐D parabolic PDE (partial differential equation) for fluid flow, the PDE is transformed to a linear operator problem that is defined as u = f ( A ) σ , where A is a real symmetric square matrix and σ is a vector. The linear operator problem is solved by using the spectral Lanczos decomposition method. This formulation gives continuous solutions in time. A 7‐point finite difference scheme is used for the spatial discretization. The model is useful for well testing problems as well as for the simulation of the wireline formation tester tool behavior in heterogeneous reservoirs. The linear operator formulation also permits us to obtain solutions in the Laplace domain, where the wellbore storage and skin can be incorporated analytically. The infinite‐conductivity (uniform pressure) wellbore condition is preserved when mixed boundary conditions, such as partial penetration, occur. The numerical solutions are compared with the analytical solutions for fully and partially penetrated wells in a homogeneous reservoir. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Efficient Synthesis of the Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane System via Ring‐Closing Metathesis. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pathway analysis reveals functional convergence of gene expression profiles in breast cancer (2008)

This work explains why independent breast cancer signatures that appear to perform equally well at predicting patient prognosis show minimal overlap in gene membership.
A Robust Eye Detection Approach Based on Edge-related Information (2009)

†† Summary In this paper, we propose an improved algorithm for robust eye detection. First, instead of histogram back-projection method, AdaBoost method is utilized to extract the rough face region, and then iris candidates are detected by using rectangular separability filter. By calculating the similarities of pairs of iris candidates, we determine the pair of iris, which has the largest similarity among others. The similarity of a pair of iris candidates consists of the separability of the pair of iris candidates, the VQ histogram similarity and normalized correlation coefficient between the region including the pair of iris candidates and eye template. Experimental results show the iris detection rate of the proposed algorithm of 96.7% for 516 images of 86 persons without spectacles in the AR database.
Isolation of Proteins for Microsequence Analysis (1992)

Abstract The first basic protocol in this unit can be used to determine the amino‐terminal sequence of polypeptides or proteins. It is particularly appropriate for large fragments of insoluble or hydrophobic proteins or proteins that cannot be purified to &gt;90% molar purity without electrophoresis. Although the efficacy of this technique varies with the protein, it is possible to obtain useful sequence information starting with less than 50 pmol of the protein of interest. If the protein is blocked at the amino terminus, chemical cleavage or partial enzymatic digestion must be performed prior to electrophoresis. Upon isolation, the internal amino acid sequence is analyzed as described in the second basic protocol. This method requires ˜200 pmol of protein for analysis.
Subjective evaluation of distortions in first-person videos (2017)

First-person videos (FPVs) recorded by wearable cameras have different characteristics compared to mobile videos. Video frames in FPVs are subject to blur, rotation, shear and fisheye distortions. We design a subjective test that uses actual captured images with real distortions, synthetic distortions or a combination of both. Results indicate shear is less sensitive to content than rotation. For fisheye, personal preference and content dependence affect the subjective results. The performance of 7 noreference (NR) quality estimators (QEs) and our QE, local visual information (LVI) [1], are evaluated based on subjective results. We propose two mapping functions for rotation and shear that improve the ability of LVI and 4 NR QEs to accurately predict the subjective scores.
ChemInform Abstract: Partial Benzoylation of L‐Rhamnono‐ and D‐Mannono‐1,4‐lactone. (1984)

Abstract L‐Rhamnono‐1,4‐lacton (Ia) ist zum selektiven Benzoylierungsprodukt (Ib) umsetzbar.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of CO2 Adsorption on Dehydrated Palladium/Cobalt-Based Cyanogels:  A Highly Selective, Fully Reversible System for CO2 Storage (2002)

Carbon dioxide is selectively adsorbed on cyanide-bridged palladium/cobalt gels, synthesized from aqueous solutions of Na2PdCl4 and K3[Co(CN)6]. The cyanide bridges, connecting the palladium and cobalt metal centers, are characteristic of these gels; hence, these gels are termed cyanogels. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO2 adsorption and desorption processes on aerogels and xerogels formed from Pd/Co cyanogels are analyzed here. Aerogel versus xerogel structures have a profound effect on the thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2 adsorption. The CO2 adsorption process is fully reversible on both types of gels discussed. The gas adsorption capacity of the aerogel exceeds that of the xerogel by a factor of slightly over two. From the ease and reproducibility of the CO2 desorption and the associated enthalpy values, it is concluded that CO2 is physisorbed on these gels. The kinetics of adsorption and desorption are analyzed: both processes are first-order in the gels.
Serum CD44 in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1999)

CD44 molecule is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in several cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. It has been linked to the growth and spread of malignancies. The majority of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) express CD44 reflecting the CD44 expression of the normal lymphocytic counterparts. Cell surface CD44 has been suggested to be involved in hematogenous distribution of NHL, and elevated levels of serum CD44 (s-CD44) have been detected in various malignant diseases. Circulating s-CD44 has been found to be functionally active according to several functional studies. In patients with NHL increased s-CD44 levels have been detected at the time of diagnosis and at progression of the disease and s-CD44 levels change in parallel with response to therapy. Moreover, a high s-CD44 level at diagnosis is associated with a high tumor burden, poor response to treatment and unfavorable outcome in NHL.