gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angstrom-Scale Spectroscopic Visualization of Interfacial Interactions in an Organic/Borophene Vertical Heterostructure (2021)

Two-dimensional boron monolayers (i.e., borophene) hold promise for a variety of energy, catalytic, and nanoelectronic device technologies due to the unique nature of boron-boron bonds. To realize its full potential, borophene needs to be seamlessly interfaced with other materials, thus motivating the atomic-scale characterization of borophene-based heterostructures. Here, we report the vertical integration of borophene with tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) and measure the angstrom-scale interfacial interactions with ultrahigh-vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (UHV-TERS). In addition to identifying the vibrational signatures of adsorbed DBP, TERS reveals subtle ripples and compressive strains of the borophene lattice underneath the molecular layer. The induced interfacial strain is demonstrated to extend in borophene by ∼1 nm beyond the molecular region by virtue of 5 Å chemical spatial resolution. Molecular manipulation experiments prove the molecular origins of interfacial strain in addition to allowing atomic control of local strain with magnitudes as small as ∼0.6%. In addition to being the first realization of an organic/borophene vertical heterostructure, this study demonstrates that UHV-TERS is a powerful analytical tool to spectroscopically investigate buried and highly localized interfacial characteristics at the atomic scale, which can be applied to additional classes of heterostructured materials.
Keynote 1 — Growing the ReConFig community through python, zynq and hardware overlays (2016)

In this talk, modern software trends will be explored with a focus on how we can grow the ReConFig community - specifically by learning-from and welcoming-in software developers who want FPGA benefits but do not have a background in programmable logic. Putting that emphasis into action, I'll also talk about an open source project I'm passionate about today - PYNQ: Python Productivity for Zynq. Applying the software trends that will first be presented, PYNQ software is freely available, requires no proprietary tools, includes Python libraries for FPGA communication, and leverages a Jupyter Notebook frontend for web based development. Following one final trend from software community keynotes, I will end the talk with a live demonstration of PYNQ on a newly released low-cost Zynq board.
Two novel glucagon receptor antagonists prove effective therapeutic agents in high‐fat‐fed and obese diabetic mice (2014)

These data indicate that peptide-based glucagon receptor antagonists can reverse aspects of genetically and dietary-induced obesity-related diabetes.
Thermoexcited and photoexcited carrier transports in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (2000)

A study of the carrier transport performance of our quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) is carried out in this work. AlGaAs/GaAs QWIP devices were fabricated and characterized. Carrier transport between adjacent quantum wells are modeled by both the tunneling and thermoexcitation effects. The strengths of the two transport effects are quite small (tunneling is small due to thick barrier and thermoexcitation is small due to the low device working temperature). However the thermoexcitation effect dominates in our QWIP devices and the thermally activated carriers transport across the optical active multiple quantum well (MQW) region in the three-dimensional drift-diffusion manner. At zero bias the energy band structure of our sample is almost at a condition of flat band. Due to the thick multiple quantum well region and the high doping levels in the contacts, the external bias largely applies linearly across the MQW region. Current increases with increasing bias and it becomes saturated when the drift velocity becomes saturated. The calculated dark current density agrees well with our experimental measurement. The photoexcited carrier density is almost independent of the external bias. The photocurrent increases with increasing bias because of the increasing drift velocity. It reaches its maximal when the drift velocity saturates and the current then decreases as the external bias further increases due to current continuity and charge conservation.
Surgery for doubly committed ventricular septal defects (2016)

The incidence of doubly committed lesions is high in our experience, frequently associated with AoVR and other associated malformation. Early detection is crucial to prevent further progression of the disease. Patch closure remains the gold standard in management, not least since it allows simultaneous repair of associated intracardiac defects.
Concatenated space-time coding with transmitter precoloring (2003)

We consider the canonical model for wireless array (MIMO) systems. We present simulation results for 4/spl times/2 and 4/spl times/1 Rayleigh fading channels for the different transmit filtering options, and conclude that gains of several dB are indeed attainable over the case without transmitter precoloring. The encoding system uses a rate 1/2 serial concatenation of two-state codes and sends R=4 information bits per vector into the channel using QPSK or larger modulator constellations.
Tuning the Excitonic and Plasmonic Properties of Copper Chalcogenide Nanocrystals (2011)

The optical properties of stoichiometric copper chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) are characterized by strong interband transitions in the blue part of the spectral range and a weaker absorption onset up to ~1000 nm, with negligible absorption in the near-infrared (NIR). Oxygen exposure leads to a gradual transformation of stoichiometric copper chalcogenide NCs (namely, Cu(2-x)S and Cu(2-x)Se, x = 0) into their nonstoichiometric counterparts (Cu(2-x)S and Cu(2-x)Se, x > 0), entailing the appearance and evolution of an intense localized surface plasmon (LSP) band in the NIR. We also show that well-defined copper telluride NCs (Cu(2-x)Te, x > 0) display a NIR LSP, in analogy to nonstoichiometric copper sulfide and selenide NCs. The LSP band in copper chalcogenide NCs can be tuned by actively controlling their degree of copper deficiency via oxidation and reduction experiments. We show that this controlled LSP tuning affects the excitonic transitions in the NCs, resulting in photoluminescence (PL) quenching upon oxidation and PL recovery upon subsequent reduction. Time-resolved PL spectroscopy reveals a decrease in exciton lifetime correlated to the PL quenching upon LSP evolution. Finally, we report on the dynamics of LSPs in nonstoichiometric copper chalcogenide NCs. Through pump-probe experiments, we determined the time constants for carrier-phonon scattering involved in LSP cooling. Our results demonstrate that copper chalcogenide NCs offer the unique property of holding excitons and highly tunable LSPs on demand, and hence they are envisaged as a unique platform for the evaluation of exciton/LSP interactions.
Carbon nanotubes interaction with amorphous and semi‐crystalline domains of polypropylene in melt‐mixed composites: Influence of multiwall carbon nanotubes agglomerate and their modifications (2021)

Abstract Polypropylene (PP) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites were prepared by melt‐mixing with two types of MWCNTs of varying agglomerate size. Agglomerate dominated dispersion was observed in the PP matrix, wherein N‐MWCNTs exhibit a finer dispersion as compared to D‐MWCNTs. Further, MWCNTs were encapsulated by Li‐salt of 6‐amino caproic acid in various proportions along with PP‐g‐maleic anhydride in order to achieve finer MWCNTs dispersion. Thermogravimetric analysis exhibited an increase in onset of degradation temperature and higher residual weight (%) at 500 °C of PP with increased MWCNTs concentration, which suggests the formation of a thicker “interphase.” Glass transition temperature of the PP phase was increased monotonically as a function of unmodified MWCNTs concentration, which suggests a strong interfacial interaction between PP and MWCNTs. An extensive analysis was carried out with modified MWCNTs based PP composites. Moreover, MWCNTs act as a strong hetero‐nucleating agent manifesting in smaller spherulite size of PP, wherein bulk crystallization temperature is increased to ~130 °C of the PP phase at 5 wt% MWCNTs content. The influence of unmodified and modified MWCNTs on the interaction between the PP chains and MWCNTs in the amorphous phase as well as in the crystalline domains are analyzed in PP/MWCNTs composites.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Oligosaccharide Libraries by Random Glycosylation (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A SINGLE PAIR OF PARENTS PROPOSED FOR A GROUP OF GRAPEVINE VARIETIES IN NORTHEASTERN FRANCE (2000)

With the objective to identify previously unknown parental relationships among grapevine cultivars, 352 cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. were analyzed at 17 microsatellite loci. 29 were found to be duplicate genotypes of other cultivars. From the 323 unique genotypes, 89 possible pairs of parents were identified for 52 cultivars (i.e., each putative progeny cultivar shared at least one allele with each putative parent at each of the loci anlayzed). Sixty cultivars were then analyzed with an additional 15 microsatellit e markers and from among these 24 possible pairs of parents were identified for 24 cultivars. Fourteen of the 24 (including Chardonnay, Gamay noir, Aligote, and Melon) are possible progeny of Pinot and Gouais blanc. Two cultivars (Aubin and Petit Meslier) are possible progeny of Gouais blanc and Savagnin (syn. Traminer) and three cultivars (Colombard, Meslier St-Francois and Balzac blanc) are possible progeny of Gouais blanc and Chenin. The possible parents of Syrah were also identified as Dureza and Mondeuse blanche.
The Relationship Between Granular, Lattice Type 1, and Avellino Corneal Dystrophies (1994)

Three stromal corneal dystrophies (granular, lattice type 1, and Avellino) were recently mapped to a single locus on chromosome 5. This study was conducted to determine if there is histologic evidence to support the allelic relationship suggested by the genetic studies. We examined 23 corneal buttons from the two families with lattice dystrophy and 13 corneal buttons from the two families with granular dystrophy who were involved in the chromosomal linkage studies. In the two families with clinically typical granular dystrophy, one corneal button also contained focal amyloid deposits. In both families with clinically typical lattice dystrophy type 1, we found evidence of granular deposits. The genetic linkage studies demonstrate only that the disease-causing mutations for these three stromal dystrophies share the same genetic locus. However, the evidence of histologic overlap strongly suggests that these dystrophies are caused by mutations within the same gene.
A Unity-Power-Factor IPT Pickup for High-Power Applications (2009)

This paper describes the design of a new unity-power-factor inductive-power-transfer (IPT) pickup using an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LCL</i> tuned network for application in high-power systems. This new topology has the potential to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of high-power pickups by minimizing the reactive currents in the pickup coil and the reflected VAR loading on the power supply. In a practical system, the rectifier and associated processing circuitry distorts the current waveforms, adding an effective inductive loading to the pickup circuit. A series compensation capacitor is added to correct this loading. A design strategy is developed for the new topology, and two example circuits are constructed and compared experimentally with a traditional parallel-tuned ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> ) pickup operating on a monorail-based IPT system.
Gene expression profiling identifies two distinct papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subgroups of contrasting prognosis (2006)

4503 Background: Despite the moderate incidence of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), there is a disproportionately limited understanding of its underlying genetic programs. There is no effective therapy for metastatic PRCC, and patients are often excluded from kidney cancer trials. A morphological classification of PRCC into Type 1 and Type 2 tumors has been recently proposed, but its biological relevance remains uncertain. Methods: We studied the gene expression profiles of 34 cases of PRCC using Affymetrix HGU133 Plus 2.0 arrays (54,675 probe sets) using both unsupervised and supervised analysis. Comparative genomic microarray analysis (CGMA) was used to infer cytogenetic aberrations, and pathways were ranked with a curated database. Expression of selected genes was validated by immunohistochemistry in 34 samples, with 15 independent tumors. Results: We identified two highly distinct molecular PRCC subclasses with morphologic correlation. The first class, with excellent survival, corresponded to three histological subtypes: Type 1, low-grade Type 2 and mixed Type 1/low-grade Type 2 tumors. The second class, with poor survival, corresponded to high-grade Type 2 tumors (n = 11). Dysregulation of G1/S and G2/M checkpoint genes were found in Class 1 and Class 2 tumors respectively, alongside characteristic chromosomal aberrations. We identified a 7-transcript predictor that classified samples on cross-validation with 97% accuracy. Immunohistochemistry confirmed high expression of cytokeratin 7 in Class 1 tumors, and of topoisomerase IIα in Class 2 tumors. Conclusions: We report two molecular subclasses of PRCC, which are biologically and clinically distinct, which may be readily distinguished in a clinical setting. This may also have therapeutic implications. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Benchmark of lens antennas for Ka-band global earth observation from LEO satellites (2006)

International audience
Opettajan muuttuvat roolit – yhdessä yhteisölliseen opetuksen kehittämiseen (2013)

Opettajan muuttuvat roolit - yhdessä yhteisölliseen opetuksen kehittämiseen on julkaisu, joka kuvaa Aalto-yliopiston yliopistopedagogiselle kurssille osallistuneiden kehittymistä ja kehittämiskohteita vuoden 2012 aikana.\nVuoden mittaisen prosessin aikana yksittäisistä opettajista ja tutkijoista tuli opetusta ja oppimista kehittävä ryhmä. Osallistujista kasvoi tutkijoita, jotka haluavat opettaa ja opettajia, jotka haluavat tutkivalla otteella kehittää opetusta. Julkaisussa Opettaja kehittäjänä -kurssin osallistujat kuvaavat kehittämishankkeitaan. Lisäksi kurssin suunnittelijat ja ohjaajat jäsentävät kurssin ensimmäistä toteutusta ja sen onnistumista. Mitä opittiin, kun kurssin sisällön tuottivat osallistujat ja ohjaajat yhdessä?\nJulkaisu tarjoaa näkökulmia opetuksen kehittämiseen ja tutustuttaa lukijan Aalto-yliopiston asiantuntijoiden opetustyön arkeen. Teos sopii kaikille yliopisto-opetuksesta kiinnostuneille.
Time reversal in a waveguide: Study of the temporal and spatial focusing (2000)

Temporal and spatial focusing properties of time-reversal mirrors (TRMs) are studied in a waveguide. The experiments are done using an ultrasonic TRM in an idealized waveguide. The width of the focal spot, and the spatial and temporal sidelobe levels are experimentally and numerically analyzed with respect to the characteristics of the waveguide-TRM system. An algorithm is developed to compute directly in the time domain the time-reversed field. This algorithm is based on the application of the mirror theorem to both the source and the TRM placed in the waveguide. Because time reversal is a stable and robust process, some of the ultrasonic results can be extended to ocean acoustics. Applications to underwater acoustic transmissions as well as ultrasonic medical imaging are discussed.
A Comparative Study of Higher Order Bragg Gratings: Coupled-Mode Theory Versus Mode Expansion Modeling (2005)

The modal reflectivity and loss of lamellar diffraction gratings to be used in distributed-feedback and distributed-Bragg reflector lasers were computed in dependence of wavelength, duty cycle and Bragg order. Different methods based on the approximate coupled-mode theory and and the exact bidirectional mode expansion modeling were compared and a good mutual agreement was found. The slab Green's function needed to compute the coupling coefficients can be approximated by that of a homogeneous unbounded medium with sufficient accuracy.
CENTRIFUGE-ON-A-CHIP: SELECTIVE CELL TRAPPING WITH RAPID SOLUTION EXCHANCE IN MICROVORTICES (2010)

Here, we present a novel mechanism for cell trapping using microscale laminar vortices containing stable and predictable recirculating fluid flow. Particles larger than the critical size cut-off migrate laterally through fluid streamlines and orbit within the vortex while smaller particles follow fluid streamlines and travel out of the device. Larger particles were measured to experience shear gradient lift forces of up to 0.21 μN while entering the vortex. We envision this technique as a method for on-chip rapid exchange of various solutions around cells, that yields a result identical to centrifugation and may prove useful for flow cytometry at the point-of-care.
Cytokine induction of the ability of human monocyte CD44 to bind hyaluronan is mediated primarily by TNF-alpha and is inhibited by IL-4 and IL-13 (1997)

Ligation of CD44 by hyaluronan (HA) is a key proinflammatory event that regulates lymphocyte and monocyte adhesion and cytokine production. While most immune cells express CD44, few immune cells constitutively bind HA. We have previously shown that monocyte CD44 acquires the ability to bind HA after in vitro culture of PBMC in human serum and, therefore, we have investigated a series of human cytokines and bacterial LPS for their ability to induce and/or inhibit monocyte CD44 to bind HA. We found that IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-3, granulocyte macrophage (GM)-CSF, and TNF-alpha, as well as bacterial LPS, all directly induced peripheral blood monocytes to bind HA. In contrast, IL-2 and IL-15 up-regulated monocyte CD44 HA-binding in PBMC suspensions, but not in purified monocyte suspensions. An anti-TNF-alpha-neutralizing Ab inhibited IL-1alpha-, IL-1beta-, IL-3-, and GM-CSF-mediated monocyte HA binding. In addition, treatment of IL-2- and IL-15-stimulated PBMC cultures with an anti-TNF-alpha Ab prevented IL-2- and IL-15-induced monocyte HA binding, thus identifying TNF-alpha as a lymphocyte-derived factor that acted on monocytes to induce HA binding. In contrast, IL-4 and IL-13 were potent inhibitors of monocyte CD44-HA binding induced by either human serum or by IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-3, GM-CSF, or TNF-alpha. IL-10 had dual effects on monocyte CD44-HA binding. Alone, IL-10 induced HA binding to PBMC monocyte CD44, while in contrast, IL-10 inhibited IL-1-induced monocyte CD44 binding to HA. Taken together, these studies identify a network of T cell and monocyte-derived cytokines that regulate HA binding to peripheral blood monocyte CD44, primarily through TNF-alpha.
Induction of T Helper Type 1 and 2 Responses to 19-Kilodalton Merozoite Surface Protein 1 in Vaccinated Healthy Volunteers and Adults Naturally Exposed to Malaria (2002)

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major cause of death in the tropics. The 19-kDa subunit of P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1(19)), a major blood stage vaccine candidate, is the target of cellular and humoral immune responses in animals and humans. In this phase I trial of MSP-1(19), immunization of nonexposed human volunteers with either of the two allelic forms of recombinant MSP-1(19) induced high levels of antigen-specific Th1 (gamma interferon) and Th2 (interleukin 4 [IL-4] and IL-10) type lymphokines. The adjustment of the antigen dose and number of immunizations regulated the level of specificity of immune responses and Th1/Th2 bias of responses induced by vaccination. Novel conserved and allelic T-cell epitopes which induced cross-strain immune responses were identified. Importantly, responses to many of these novel epitopes were also present in adults exposed to malaria, both in east (Kenya) and west Africa (The Gambia). These data suggest that epitope-specific naturally acquired MSP-1(19) immune responses in endemic populations can be boosted by vaccination.
Algorithmic and meta-algorithmic machine learning natural language processing approaches for stakeholder requirements classification (2023)

Requirements engineering begins with discovery at the outset of project acquisition. Documents typically used during this phase include statements of works (SOWs) and requests for proposals (RFPs). One of the first challenges of a systems engineer is to carefully classify requirements into appropriate bins for further processing. This manual process, fundamental to understanding stakeholder needs and architecting and designing the system(s) of interest, is often tedious, particularly for large projects that start out with thousands of requirements embedded in these documents, making the task ripe for automation. For this research, we investigate multiple combinations of algorithms and meta-algorithms to glean insight as to how well they perform on this aspect of one of the more mundane aspects of requirements engineering. We obtain, by running various training corpora representing multiple industries through our pipelines of (meta-)algorithms, some understanding of what works best and what and how they could be improved.
Expression of laminin in renal-cell carcinomas, renal-cell carcinoma cell lines and xenografts in nude mice (1996)

We studied the expression of laminin (Ln) chains (alpha1-alpha3, beta1-beta3, gamma1) in human renal-cell carcinomas (RCC), papillary renal neoplasms (PRN) and oncocytomas, in RCC cell lines and their xenografts. In RCCs the basement membranes (BM) showed immunoreactivity for chains of Ln-1 (alpha1-beta1-gamma1). Only in well-differentiated RCCs could vessel BMs be distinguished from those of carcinoma cell islets. RCCs and oncocytomas also exhibited an abundant immunoreactivity for Ln beta2 chain in both vessel and tumor cell BMs, while Ln alpha2 chain was not seen in any renal tumors. In distinction from RCCs, PRNs presented a strong BM immunoreactivity for Ln alpha3 and beta3 chains and for Ln-5, as well as lack of Ln beta2 chain. A more variable reactivity for Ln-5 was seen in oncocytomas. As PRNs and oncocytomas have been suggested to originate from collecting ducts, it is notable that in normal human kidney, we could detect immunoreactivity for Ln-5 and its chains only in BM of the tubules of the loop of Henle. In immunoprecipitation experiments, an abundant production of Ln-1, but not of Ln-5, was seen in cultured RCC cells, while in xenografts of the same cells BM-confined immunoreactivity for both Ln-1 and Ln-5 was seen. Ln beta2 chain was produced by 2 of the 4 RCC cell lines in culture but was found only in 1 of the xenografted tumors.