gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and Morphology of Superfluid Helium Drops in a Microgravity Environment (2001)

We developed an apparatus that makes it possible to observe and study magnetically levitated drops of superfluid helium. The force on a diamagnetic substance in a magnetic field is proportional to the gradient of the square of the magnetic field B. For the magnetic force on helium to be equal to the gravitational force on Earth, it is necessary for the product of B with the field gradient dB/d z to be 21.5 T(exp 2)/cm. In addition, in order for the magnetic field to provide a stable trap, the value of B(exp 2) must increase in all directions in the horizontal plane that passes through the point where the field/field gradient product in the vertical direction has the critical value of 21.5 T(exp 2)/cm. A specially designed superconducting magnet that meets these specifications has been installed in a large helium dewar with optical access. Helium drops levitated by the magnet can be viewed along the axis of the solenoid. The sample chamber within the bore of the magnet is thermally isolated from the magnet and helium reservoir. Its temperature can be varied between 4 and 0.5 K, the lower part of the range being reached using a He-3 refrigerator. Liquid helium can be injected into the magnetic trap using a small capillary. Once a drop is contained in the trap it can be held there indefinitely. With this apparatus we have conducted a number of different types of experiments on helium drops so as to gain information necessary for performing experiments in space. With magnetically levitated drops we are limited to working with drops of 1 cm. or less in diameter. The shape of the drops larger than a few mm diameter can be distorted by the profile of the magnetic field. The study of phenomena such as the initial motion of the surfaces of two drops as they just make contact, requires the use large drops to resolve the behavior of interest. We have performed a detailed investigation of the shape oscillations of superfluid drops.
Opiate Drug Use and the Pathophysiology of NeuroAIDS (2012)

Opiate abuse and HIV-1 have been described as interrelated epidemics, and even in the advent of combined anti-retroviral therapy, the additional abuse of opiates appears to result in greater neurologic and cognitive deficits. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to interactive opiate-HIV-1 effects, in part because of the unique responses of microglia and astroglia. Although neurons are principally responsible for behavior and cognition, HIV-1 infection and replication in the brain is largely limited to microglia, while astroglia and perhaps glial progenitors can be latently infected. Thus, neuronal dysfunction and injury result from cellular and viral toxins originating from HIV-1 infected/exposed glia. Importantly, subsets of glial cells including oligodendrocytes, as well as neurons, express µ-opioid receptors and therefore can be direct targets for heroin and morphine (the major metabolite of heroin in the CNS), which preferentially activate µ-opioid receptors. This review highlights findings that neuroAIDS is a glially driven disease, and that opiate abuse may act at multiple glial-cell types to further compromise neuron function and survival. The ongoing, reactive cross-talk between opiate drug and HIV-1 co-exposed microglia and astroglia appears to exacerbate critical proinflammatory and excitotoxic events leading to neuron dysfunction, injury, and potentially death. Opiates enhance synaptodendritic damage and a loss of synaptic connectivity, which is viewed as the substrate of cognitive deficits. We especially emphasize that opioid signaling and interactions with HIV-1 are contextual, differing among cell types, and even within subsets of the same cell type. For example, astroglia even within a single brain region are heterogeneous in their expression of µ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors, as well as CXCR4 and CCR5, and Toll-like receptors. Thus, defining the distinct targets engaged by opiates in each cell type, and among brain regions, is critical to an understanding of how opiate abuse exacerbates neuroAIDS.
<title>Wireless and mobility issues in IP telephony</title> (1999)

IP telephony has seen a tremendous surge in interest in the last couple of years. Several equipment vendors, application developers and service provides are entering into this emerging market. Regional as well as international standardization organizations have been involved in developing standards in the area, while several other forums have been actively promoting the industry as a whole. However, until recently, mobility and wireless issues have not been considered in detail with the scope of IP telephony, and the focus has been on fixed IP telephony systems. In this paper, we discuss some of the issues that need to be considered when mobility and wireless transport is introduced within IP telephony.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Activities of Bactobolin Derivatives Having New Functionality at C‐3. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure−Activity Relationships of the Cycloalkanol Ethylamine Scaffold: Discovery of Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (2008)

Further exploration of the cycloalkanol ethylamine scaffold, of which venlafaxine ( 1) is a member, was undertaken to develop novel and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) for evaluation in a variety of predictive animal models. These efforts led to the discovery of a piperazine-containing analogue, 17g (WY-46824), that exhibited potent norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, excellent selectivity over the serotonin transporter, but no selectivity over the dopamine transporter. Synthesis and testing of a series of cyclohexanol ethylpiperazines identified ( S)-(-)- 17i (WAY-256805), a potent norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (IC 50 = 82 nM, K i = 50 nM) that exhibited excellent selectivity over both the serotonin and dopamine transporters and was efficacious in animal models of depression, pain, and thermoregulatory dysfunction.
Analysis of signal detection configurations in optical time-stretch imaging (2020)

Optical time-stretch (OTS) imaging is effective for observing ultra-fast dynamic events in real time by virtue of its capability of acquiring images with high spatial resolution at high speed. In different implementations of OTS imaging, different configurations of its signal detection, i.e. fiber-coupled and free-space detection schemes, are employed. In this research, we quantitatively analyze and compare the two detection configurations of OTS imaging in terms of sensitivity and image quality with the USAF-1951 resolution chart and diamond films, respectively, providing a valuable guidance for the system design of OTS imaging in diverse fields.
Experiments with Gradual-Energy-Growth Electron Beam at GOL-3 (2011)

The paper presents experimental data on plasma heating in a new regime of GOL-3 operation. Unlike previous experiments, the new regime features significant growth of energy of electrons in a relativistic electron beam during the beam pulse.The new dynamics of beam energy during the shot changes dynamics of plasma heating. A pronounced feature of previous GOL-3 experiments on plasma heating in the corrugated magnetic field was early transition to the plasma cooling stage, which in some regimes occurred much earlier than the beam injection stopped. In the gradual-energy-growth regime, plasma heating continues for a longer period until the beam power decreases significantly. Some other features will also be discussed.Experiments in the new regime allow us to partially verify feasibility of plasma heating with the electron beam at lowered beam parameters. This is important for the next planned step in GOL-3 program.
New fast search algorithm for base layer of H.264 scalable video coding extension (2007)

In this contribution, a fast search motion estimation algorithm for H.264/AVC SVC (scalable video coding) base layer with hierarchical B-frame structure for temporal decomposition is presented and compared with fast search motion estimation algorithm in JSVM software, that is the reference software for H.264/AVC SVC. The proposed technique is a block-matching based motion estimation algorithm working in two steps, called Coarse search and Fine search. The Coarse search is performed for each frame in display order, and for each 16x16 macroblock chooses the best motion vector at half pel accuracy. Fine search is performed for each frame in encoding order and finds the best prediction for each block type, reference frame and direction, choosing the best motion vector at quarter pel accuracy using R-D optimization. Both Coarse and Fine Search test 3 spatial and 3 temporal predictors, and add to the best one a set of updates.
Biological dose estimation of UVA laser microirradiation utilizing charged particle-induced protein foci (2010)

The induction of localized DNA damage within a discrete nuclear volume is an important tool in DNA repair studies. Both charged particle irradiation and laser microirradiation (LMI) systems allow for such a localized damage induction, but the results obtained are difficult to compare, as the delivered laser dose cannot be measured directly. Therefore, we revisited the idea of a biological dosimetry based on the microscopic evaluation of irradiation-induced Replication Protein A (RPA) foci numbers. Considering that local dose deposition is characteristic for both LMI and charged particles, we took advantage of the defined dosimetry of particle irradiation to estimate the locally applied laser dose equivalent. Within the irradiated nuclear sub-volumes, the doses were in the range of several hundreds of Gray. However, local dose estimation is limited by the saturation of the RPA foci numbers with increasing particle doses. Even high-resolution 4Pi microscopy did not abrogate saturation as it was not able to resolve single lesions within individual RPA foci. Nevertheless, 4Pi microscopy revealed multiple and distinct 53BP1- and gamma H2AX-stained substructures within the lesion flanking chromatin domains. Monitoring the local recruitment of the telomere repeat-binding factors TRF1 and TRF2 showed that both proteins accumulated at damage sites after UVA-LMI but not after densely ionizing charged particle irradiation. Hence, our results indicate that the local dose delivered by UVA-LMI is extremely high and cannot be accurately translated into an equivalent ionizing radiation dose, despite the sophisticated techniques used in this study.
Imaging of the pancreas using dynamic positron emission tomography with N-13 ammonia (1985)

This study was undertaken to develop a new imaging technique of the pancreas. Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) was performed in 3 normal volunteers, 9 patient without the evidence of pancreatic diseases, 2 patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head and one patient with islet cell carcinoma. Immediately after the intravenous injection of 10-20mCi of N-13 ammonia, data were obtained every 150 seconds for 30 minutes using a multi-slice whole-body PET scanner. In two cases of adenocarcinoma, the pancreas was not imaged, probably because the nontumorous portion of the pancreas was also suffered from severe pancreatitis due to the duct obstruction at the pancreatic head. In the case with islet cell carcinoma, the radionuclide was accumulated in the tumor and pancreas similarly. Thus, both of them were visualized but not separated. The central necrosis of the tumor showed poor radioactivity. The mechanism of the radionuclide accumulation in the pancreas is not well understood. However, the authors also studied the biodistribution of N-13 ammonia in mice and confirmed that there is an early and high accumulation of the radionuclide in the murine pancreas. These preliminary results of this paper suggest that the dynamic PET study may be useful for the imagingmore » of the pancreas as well as for the further study of the blood supply and metabolism of the pancreas.« less
Unseen Object Instance Segmentation for Robotic Environments (2020)

In order to function in unstructured environments, robots need the ability to recognize unseen objects. We take a step in this direction by tackling the problem of segmenting unseen object instances in tabletop environments. However, the type of large-scale real-world dataset required for this task typically does not exist for most robotic settings, which motivates the use of synthetic data. Our proposed method, UOIS-Net, separately leverages synthetic RGB and synthetic depth for unseen object instance segmentation. UOIS-Net is comprised of two stages: first, it operates only on depth to produce object instance center votes in 2D or 3D and assembles them into rough initial masks. Secondly, these initial masks are refined using RGB. Surprisingly, our framework is able to learn from synthetic RGB-D data where the RGB is non-photorealistic. To train our method, we introduce a large-scale synthetic dataset of random objects on tabletops. We show that our method can produce sharp and accurate segmentation masks, outperforming state-of-the-art methods on unseen object instance segmentation. We also show that our method can segment unseen objects for robot grasping.
Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries (1974)

This book results from Dr. Shaher's long interest in transposition of the great arteries, an interest that began at Guys Hospital, London, continued at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and more recently at Albany Medical Center, New York. The available data on 409 patients from these three institutions have been personally reviewed, the majority (336) having been seen in Toronto. This case material plus an extensive review of the literature is presented in 20 chapters. Twelve chapters (200 pages) deal with definitions, incidence, normal cardiac embryogenesis, the pathogenesis of transposition and other nonclinical topics; the final eight chapters (300 pages) deal with diagnosis and treatment. Wherever possible, the patient's data are correlated with the literature, and on debatable points Dr. Shaher's opinions are plainly stated. There are more than 1,000 references on a chapter by chapter basis with a final authors' index for crossreferencing. Detailed case data are
Selective Inhibition of Mitogen-induced Transactivation of the HIV Long Terminal Repeat by Carboxyamidotriazole (1997)

Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) is a calcium influx inhibitor that has both antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities. Pretreatment of human T-cells with micromolar concentrations of CAI causes a near complete inhibition of calcium-regulated mitogen-induced transcription from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR). This inhibition is selective since other mitogen-activated gene regulatory elements, such as the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element, are not influenced by the drug. HIV LTR transcription inhibition is maximal at 1.0 microM CAI, requires a pretreatment interval of at least 8 h for optimum inhibition, and shows no acute interference with the growth properties of the cells. Moreover, the inhibition is rapidly reversible upon removal of the drug from the medium. Studies to identify enhancer elements within the HIV LTR that are functionally sensitive to low-dose long-term pretreatment with CAI indicate that the NF-kappaB-binding sites are among the major targets of drug action. In vitro DNA binding studies with nuclear extracts prepared from mitogen-induced T-cells stimulated in the presence of CAI indicate that the drug differentially influences the calcium-regulated downstream signal transduction pathways necessary for specific NF-kappaB DNA binding activity at the two kappaB sites within the HIV LTR. Studies with ionomycin and thapsigargin show that repression is specific for selected modes of inducible calcium entry and indicate that, in T-cells, a major mechanism of CAI action is to modulate calcium influx at a level that is proximal to the regulated release of calcium from intracellular stores. Measurement of calcium influx in CAI-treated cells reveals a dramatic and reversible inhibition of mitogen-induced calcium influx. These results indicate that CAI can be an important and effective pharmacological tool for analysis of the calcium-dependent modulation of HIV LTR transcription.
ASPARTATE OXIDASE Plays an Important Role in Arabidopsis Stomatal Immunity (2012)

Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as bacterial flagellin (or the peptide flg22), by surface-localized receptors activates defense responses and subsequent immunity. In a previous forward-genetic screen aimed at the identification of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) flagellin-insensitive (fin) mutants, we isolated fin4, which is severely affected in flg22-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts. Here, we report that FIN4 encodes the chloroplastic enzyme ASPARTATE OXIDASE (AO), which catalyzes the first irreversible step in the de novo biosynthesis of NAD. Genetic studies on the role of NAD have been hindered so far by the lethality of null mutants in NAD biosynthetic enzymes. Using newly identified knockdown fin alleles, we found that AO is required for the ROS burst mediated by the NADPH oxidase RBOHD triggered by the perception of several unrelated PAMPs. AO is also required for RBOHD-dependent stomatal closure. However, full AO activity is not required for flg22-induced responses that are RBOHD independent. Interestingly, although the fin4 mutation dramatically affects RBOHD function, it does not affect functions carried out by other members of the RBOH family, such as RBOHC and RBOHF. Finally, we determined that AO is required for stomatal immunity against the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Altogether, our work reveals a novel specific requirement for AO activity in PAMP-triggered RBOHD-dependent ROS burst and stomatal immunity. In addition, the availability of viable mutants for the chloroplastic enzyme AO will enable future detailed studies on the role of NAD metabolism in different cellular processes, including immunity, in Arabidopsis.
Lipid bodies containing oxidatively truncated lipids block antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells in cancer (2017)

Cross-presentation is a critical function of dendritic cells (DCs) required for induction of antitumor immune responses and success of cancer immunotherapy. It is established that tumor-associated DCs are defective in their ability to cross-present antigens. However, the mechanisms driving these defects are still unknown. We find that impaired cross-presentation in DCs is largely associated with defect in trafficking of peptide-MHC class I (pMHC) complexes to the cell surface. DCs in tumor-bearing hosts accumulate lipid bodies (LB) containing electrophilic oxidatively truncated (ox-tr) lipids. These ox-tr-LB, but not LB present in control DCs, covalently bind to chaperone heat shock protein 70. This interaction prevents the translocation of pMHC to cell surface by causing the accumulation of pMHC inside late endosomes/lysosomes. As a result, tumor-associated DCs are no longer able to stimulate adequate CD8 T cells responses. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a mechanism regulating cross-presentation in cancer and suggests potential therapeutic avenues.
Terahertz four-wave mixing spectroscopy for study of ultrafast dynamics in a semiconductor optical amplifier (1993)

Ultrafast dynamics in a 1.5-μm tensile-strained quantum-well optical amplifier has been studied by highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing at detuning frequencies up to 1.7 THz. Frequency response data indicate the presence of two ultrafast physical processes with characteristic relaxation lifetimes of 650 fs and &amp;lt;100 fs. The longer time constant is believed to be associated with the dynamic carrier heating effect. This is in agreement with previous time-domain pump-probe measurements using ultrashort optical pulses.
Relative Efficacy of Monophasic and Biphasic Waveforms for Transthoracic Defibrillation After Short and Long Durations of Ventricular Fibrillation (1998)

In this animal model of sudden death and resuscitation, these 2 biphasic waveforms are more efficacious than the CDSMW at short durations of fibrillation. Furthermore, the QSBW is even more efficacious than the CDSMW at longer durations of fibrillation.
Inference and Prediction of Nanoindentation Response in FCC Crystals: Methods and Discrete Dislocation Simulation Examples (2019)

Nanoindentation, a common technique for probing the mechanical properties of crystalline materials, exhibits both surface and bulk-dominated responses that are linked to the parent crystal's elasticity and plasticity. For FCC crystals, the nanoindentation response is primarily controlled by the indented-grain's crystalline orientation and dislocation density. However, the indentation properties, such as hardness, have ambiguous significance at the nanoscale due to tip-specific size effects. Through extensive discrete dislocation dynamics simulations of flat-punch nanoindentation on FCC single crystals, we show that a one-to-one correspondence between an indented location and the pre-existing dislocation density is possible with the help of statistical, machine-learning algorithms. We cluster and classify various experimentally plausible ensembles with varying dislocation density and/or crystalline orientation, using nanoindentation force-depth curves or post-indent surface displacement images. We use this classification to statistically predict the nanoindentation response of a given location, through the average response of classified load-displacement curves. In addition, we demonstrate that our simulation results qualitatively agree with experimental data on common FCC single crystals. Ultimately, we propose a novel pathway to uncover the depth dependence of local surface material properties for more complete, non-destructive, microstructural characterization, through nanoindentation.
Surface-Groove-Induced Azimuthal Anchoring of a Nematic Liquid Crystal: Berreman’s Model Reexamined (2007)

To account for azimuthal surface anchoring of a nematic liquid crystal, Berreman [Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1683 (1972)10.1103/PhysRevLett.28.1683] proposed a simple model attributing the surface anchoring to the elastic distortion of the liquid crystal induced by the grooves of a surface. He showed that the surface anchoring energy is proportional to sin(2)varphi, with varphi being the angle between the director at infinity and the direction of the surface grooves. We argue that his assumption of negligibly small azimuthal distortion of the nematic is not valid. Proper treatment of the azimuthal distortion reveals that the Berreman's model should yield a surface anchoring energy proportional to sin(4)varphi. This implies that surface grooves alone cannot contribute to the surface anchoring coefficient in the usual Rapini-Papoular sense.
Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in Healthy Women Using a 90-Day Tenofovir/Levonorgestrel Vaginal Ring (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT03279120).