gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
cdma2000 physical layer: An overview (2000)

cdma2000 offers several enhancements as compared to TIA/EIA-95, although it remains fully compatible with TIA/EIA-95 systems and allows for a smooth migration from one to the other. Major new capability include: 1) connectivity to GSM-MAP in addition to IP and IS-41 networks; 2) new layering with new LAC and MAC architectures for improved service multiplexing and QoS management and efficient use of radio resource; 3) new bands and bandwidths of operation in support of various operator needs and constraints, as well as desire for a smooth and progressive migration to cdma2000; and 4) flexible channel structure in support of multiple services with various QoS and variable transmission rates at up to 1 Mbps per channel and 2 Mbps per user. Given the phenomenal success of wireless services and desire for higher rate wireless services, improved spectrum efficiency was a major design goal in the elaboration of cdma2000. Major capacity enhancing features include: 1) turbo coding for data transmission; 2) fast forward link power control; 3) forward link transmit diversity; 4) support of directive antenna transmission techniques; 5) coherent reverse link structure; and 6) enhanced access channel operation. As users increasingly rely on their cell phone at work and at home for voice and data exchange, the stand-by time and operation-time are essential parameters that can influence customer's satisfaction and service utilization. Another major goal of cdma2000 was therefore to enable manufacturers to further optimize power utilization in the terminal. Major battery life enhancing features include: 1) improved reverse link performance (i.e., reduced transmit power per information bit); 2) new common channel structure and operation; 3) quick paging channel operation; 4) reverse link gated transmission; and 5) new MAC states for efficient and ubiquitous idle time operation. This article provides additional details on those enhancements. The intent is not to duplicate the detailed cdma2000 radio access network specification, but rather to provide some background on the new features of cdma2000 and on the qualitative improvements as compared to the TIA/EIA-95 based systems. The article is focused on the physical layer structure and associated procedures. It therefore does not cover the MAC, LAC, radio resource management [1], or any other signaling protocols in any detail. We assume some familiarity with the basic CDMA concepts used in TIA/EIA-95.
Social network ad allocation via hyperbolic embedding (2014)

With the increasing popularity and ubiquity of online social networks (SNS), many advertisers choose to post their advertisements (Ads) within SNS. As a central problem for Ad platforms, Ad allocation is to maximize its revenue without overcharging advertisers, and it has received increasing attention from both industry and academia. The offline approach is a high dimensional integer programming problem with constraints incorporating potential allocation requirements from advertisers. In this paper we investigate the SNS Ad allocation problem in a single target group setting, study the connection of SNS advertising and hyperbolic geometry, and propose an approximation using hyperbolic embedding, which not only reduces the dimensionality of SNS Ad allocation problem significantly, but also provides a general framework for designing allocation strategies incorporating business rules. We evaluate the optimality and efficiency of our approach.
Gpr116 Receptor Regulates Distinctive Functions in Pneumocytes and Vascular Endothelium (2015)

Despite its known expression in both the vascular endothelium and the lung epithelium, until recently the physiological role of the adhesion receptor Gpr116/ADGRF5 has remained elusive. We generated a new mouse model of constitutive Gpr116 inactivation, with a large genetic deletion encompassing exon 4 to exon 21 of the Gpr116 gene. This model allowed us to confirm recent results defining Gpr116 as necessary regulator of surfactant homeostasis. The loss of Gpr116 provokes an early accumulation of surfactant in the lungs, followed by a massive infiltration of macrophages, and eventually progresses into an emphysema-like pathology. Further analysis of this knockout model revealed cerebral vascular leakage, beginning at around 1.5 months of age. Additionally, endothelial-specific deletion of Gpr116 resulted in a significant increase of the brain vascular leakage. Mice devoid of Gpr116 developed an anatomically normal and largely functional vascular network, surprisingly exhibited an attenuated pathological retinal vascular response in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. These data suggest that Gpr116 modulates endothelial properties, a previously unappreciated function despite the pan-vascular expression of this receptor. Our results support the key pulmonary function of Gpr116 and describe a new role in the central nervous system vasculature.
Retinoic acid differentially regulates cancer cell proliferation via dose-dependent modulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. (2003)

The chemotherapeutic agent retinoic acid (RA) and its derivatives have been used to treat many tumor types. The antitumor effects of retinoids are in part due to their ability to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. However, smokers receiving dietary vitamin A and beta carotene in chemoprevention studies had a higher incidence of lung cancer. These studies imply that lower doses of retinoids may have tumor-promoting activity. The effects of RA are mediated by a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). We examined the effects of low- and high-dose RA treatment on proliferation of human squamous cell carcinoma lines in vitro. Low concentrations of RA (20 nM) increased proliferation of SCC lines by epidermal growth factor (EGF) activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1. These changes were accompanied by increased expression of S- and G(2) phase cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk), increased Rb phosphorylation, and increased E2F-1 DNA binding activity. In contrast, higher doses of RA (40 nM to 1 micro M) inhibited ERK1 expression, caused accumulation of G(1) phase cyclins and cdks, decreased Rb phosphorylation, and increased Rb/E2F-1 association. Overexpression of ERK1 or dominant negative ERK1 was sufficient to reproduce the effects of low- and high-dose RA, respectively. Treatment with receptor selective retinoids revealed that both RARalpha and RARgamma mediated the effects of RA on SCC lines. We concluded that low-dose RA induced proliferation by increased EGF signaling while higher concentrations inhibited cell division by decreasing ERK1 activation.
Using smartphones as mobile implementation platforms for applied digital signal processing courses (2015)

This paper presents a newly developed laboratory paradigm for teaching applied or real-time digital signal processing courses. It involves the utilization of smartphones to implement digital signal processing algorithms in real-time using ARM processors of smartphones. Representative laboratory experiments together with an application project running on smartphones as apps are discussed in the paper. It is shown that such a paradigm provides a cost-free and a truly mobile laboratory environment for students to learn implementation aspects of signal processing algorithms.
Development of Substrates for Through Glass Vias (2012)

Through-substrate vias are critical for 3DS-IC integration. The choice of glass as an interposer substrate, TGV, present some interesting challenges and opportunities, making glass a compelling alternative to silicon. There are two primary challenges to begin building a precision interposer in thin glass. The first is high quality thin glass wafers (300 mm OD, thickness 0.05 to 0.10 mm, warp and TTV of 30 μm and 1 μm respectively). The second challenge is developing a process capable of providing small (5–10 μm) precision vias in a cost-effective way. “Glass” represents a large class of materials with a wide range of material properties. The first step in developing TGV is to identify the most appropriate glass composition for the application, which furthermore defines important properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and other mechanical properties, chemical durability and electrical properties. The manufacturing process used to develop the glass has a significant impact on quality and manufacturability. Fusion formed glass provides a solution for high volume manufacturing supply in an as-formed, ultra-thin, pristine glass manufactured to tight tolerances, and avoids the issues associated with polishing or thinning. The supply of 50 μm to 100 μm as-formed ultra-thin glass wafers can compare very favorably in cost relative to polished or thinned glass as well as thinned silicon wafer. While there are many technologies that have demonstrated vias in glass, challenges relating to via size and pitch, wafer strength and reliability remain to be resolved. However, substantial progress has been made to meet these challenges. Specific characterization data from some of these processes to demonstrate vias on the order of 10 μm diameter with a 100 μm glass thickness in alternative glass materials will be presented.
Keeping sight of copper in single-atom catalysts for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (2022)

Carbon dioxide can be electrochemically converted into valuable multi-carbon products using Cu-based single-atom catalysts. However, transient cluster formation, which is undetectable using ex-situ techniques, may be responsible for C2+ products. Here we discuss these observations to highlight the need for operando characterisation when defining active sites. Cu-based single atom catalysts can convert CO2 into multi-carbon products, however, the assignment of active sites needs great caution. In this comment, the authors discuss the transient Cu cluster formation as active sites and emphasise the need for operando characterisation in mechanistic study.
A multi-platform, multi-language environment for process modelling, simulation and optimisation (2007)

Process simulators like ASPEN PLUS and HYSYS are coming with the option of integrating their functions with special purpose programs for simulation and/or optimisation. However, a comprehensive account of how to do such integration is unavailable in the open literature. The broad objective of this paper is to describe such integration and discuss the benefits through a realistic example. The first part of this paper presents a detailed directive of building an integrated platform of programming languages like Visual Basic, C++ and FORTRAN to tap the functions of HYSYS and special purpose programs. The second part describes simulating a styrene plant in HYSYS followed by its multi-objective optimisation using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm program in C++.
Exponentially-modulated filter bank-based transmultiplexer (2003)

A complex filter bank divides the spectrum of a complex (I/Q) signal into several low-rate subbands (analysis bank) or combines the low-rate signals into a single high-rate signal (synthesis bank). These operations are often cascaded to form analysis-synthesis (AS) or transmultiplexer (TMUX) configurations. Such systems find applications in many areas, especially in communications signal processing. In this paper we develop further the lapped transform theory to cover also the cases of complex, exponentially modulated filter banks. Using the shift-orthogonality of lapped transforms, we show how to design complex critically sampled AS and TMUX systems such that the perfect-reconstruction condition is satisfied.
Robust wide-range frequency estimator for real data OFDM systems (2007)

In this contribution, a robust carrier frequency offset estimator is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with real data symbols. The new technique is totally blind, has a wide estimation range, and can be applied to OFDM systems with subcarrier frequency spacing of half the symbol rate. Analytical and simulation results have shown that the proposed estimator is highly efficient and has an estimation range that is much larger than the traditional half frequency spacing limit.
A novel reduced swing CMOS bus interface circuit for high speed low power VLSI systems (2002)

Major applications of CMOS VLSIs require the use of high fan out busses, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cross-bar switching matrices, high performance processors employing multiple busses, and high performance CPLDs using universal interconnection matrices. The bus interface circuits are major contributors to the power dissipation of a system for achieving high clocking frequencies. To address the increased power dissipation for high speed busses, a novel reduced voltage swing CMOS bus interface circuit is presented here. The design is a combination of drivers and receivers which perform level translation without any need to reduce the supply voltage. The simulation results based on these circuits show significant enhancements on both speed and power in comparison with the conventional CMOS tri-state driver techniques. To further assess this design, an LSI 32/spl times/32 crosspoint switch is implemented to be used for ATM communication systems. The chip uses a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS process with a die size of 4/spl times/3 mn, and has pseudo ECL input/output compatible interfaces which can operate at 250 Mb/s serial communication links per channel. The power consumption at 250 Mb/s is 0.6 W which is 60% lower than other published results for a similar switch. Without the input/output pad restrictions, the simulation results indicate that the switching matrix is capable of running at 622 Mb/s with a similar power reduction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Application for Proteomic Techniques in Studying Osteoarthritis: A Review (2011)

After the genomic era, proteomic corresponds to a wide variety of techniques that study the protein content of cells, tissue, or organism and that allow the isolation of protein of interest. It offers the choice between gel-based and gel-free methods or shotgun proteomics. Applications of proteomic technology may concern three principal objectives in several biomedical or clinical domains of research as in osteoarthritis: (i) to understand the physiopathology or underlying mechanisms leading to a disease or associated with a particular model, (ii), to find disease-specific biomarker, and (iii) to identify new therapeutic targets. This review aimed at gathering most of the data regarding the proteomic techniques and their applications to osteoarthritis research. It also reported technical limitations and solutions, as for example for sample preparation. Proteomics open wide perspectives in biochemical research but many technical matters still remain to be solved.
Comparison of region-of-interest analysis and human observers in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease using [99mTc]TRODAT-1 and SPECT (2006)

This study determined the relative accuracy of diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) using SPECT imaging data, comparing a semi-quantitative region-of-interest (ROI) approach and human observers. A set of patients with PD and normal healthy control subjects were studied using the dopamine transporter tracer [(99m)Tc]TRODAT-1 and SPECT. The sample comprised 81 patients (mean age +/- SD, 63.4 +/- 10.4 years; age range, 39.0-84.2 years) and 94 healthy controls (mean age +/- SD, 61.8 +/- 11.0 years; age range, 40.9-83.3 years). A standardized template containing six ROIs was transposed onto subregions of the brain, and the ratio of striatal to background ROI values was used as a semi-quantitative outcome measure. All images were used in a human observer study, with four experienced investigators. The data from the observer and ROI studies were analysed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, where the area under the ROC curve (AUC) indicated the diagnostic accuracy. ROI analysis and human observers gave similar diagnostic performance (mean observer AUC = 0.89, best ROI AUC = 0.90). This suggested that the human observers are visually acquiring similar information from the images that are contained in the semi-quantitative striatal uptake.
Functional calcium-responsive parathyroid glands generated using single-step blastocyst complementation (2023)

Patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism require lifelong replacement therapy to avoid life-threatening complications, The benefits of conventional treatment are limited, however. Transplanting a functional parathyroid gland (PTG) would yield better results. Parathyroid gland cells generated from pluripotent stem cells in vitro to date cannot mimic the physiological responses to extracellular calcium that are essential for calcium homeostasis. We thus hypothesized that blastocyst complementation (BC) could be a better strategy for generating functional PTG cells and compensating loss of parathyroid function. We here describe generation of fully functional PTGs from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) with single-step BC. Using CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of <i>Glial cells missing2</i> (<i>Gcm2</i>), we efficiently produced aparathyroid embryos for BC. In these embryos, mESCs differentiated into endocrinologically mature PTGs that rescued <i>Gcm2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice from neonatal death. The mESC-derived PTGs responded to extracellular calcium, restoring calcium homeostasis on transplantation into mice surgically rendered hypoparathyroid. We also successfully generated functional interspecies PTGs in <i>Gcm2</i><sup>-/-</sup> rat neonates, an accomplishment with potential for future human PTG therapy using xenogeneic animal BC. Our results demonstrate that BC can produce functional endocrine organs and constitute a concept in treatment of hypoparathyroidism.
Three-Dimensional Printing of Bone Extracellular Matrix for Craniofacial Regeneration (2016)

Tissue-engineered approaches to regenerate bone in the craniomaxillofacial region utilize biomaterial scaffolds to provide structural and biological cues to stem cells to stimulate osteogenic differentiation. Bioactive scaffolds are typically comprised of natural components but often lack the manufacturability of synthetic materials. To circumvent this trade-off, we 3D printed materials comprised of decellularized bone (DCB) matrix particles combined with polycaprolactone (PCL) to create novel hybrid DCB:PCL scaffolds for bone regeneration. Hybrid scaffolds were readily printable at compositions of up to 70% bone by mass and displayed robust mechanical properties. Assessments of surface features revealed both collagenous and mineral components of bone were present. Qualitative and quantitative assessments showed increased surface roughness relative to that of pure PCL scaffolds. These findings correlated with enhanced cell adhesion on hybrid surfaces relative to that on pure surfaces. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) cultured in DCB:PCL scaffolds without soluble osteogenic cues exhibited significant upregulation of osteogenic genes in hybrid scaffolds relative to pure PCL scaffolds. In the presence of soluble phosphate, hybrid scaffolds resulted in increased calcification. The hASC-seeded scaffolds were implanted into critical-sized murine calvarial defects and yielded greater bone regeneration in DCB:PCL scaffolds compared to that in PCL-only at 1 and 3 months post-transplantation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 3D printed DCB:PCL scaffolds might be effective for stimulating bone regeneration.
Altering the Stereochemistry of Allylation Reactions of Cyclic .alpha.-Sulfinyl Radicals: Effects of Solvents and Lewis Acids (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAltering the Stereochemistry of Allylation Reactions of Cyclic .alpha.-Sulfinyl Radicals: Effects of Solvents and Lewis AcidsPhilippe Renaud, Nadira Moufid, Lung Huang Kuo, and Dennis P. CurranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 13, 3547–3552Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00092a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00092a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views409Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy-Efficient Transmission Strategies for Delay Constrained Traffic With Limited Feedback (2014)

In this paper, we developed transmission strategies able to deliver a prescribed number of packets by a deadline T while minimizing transmission attempts. All the packets have a single common transmission deadline. The three systems analyzed here differ from each other on the way channel state information (CSI) is provided by the receiver. In the first system, the receiver sends back CSI only when packets fail; in the second system, the receiver provides CSI only if this minimizes a given cost function; and in the third system, feedback is sent whenever a given threshold condition is verified. The communication channel is modeled as a time-varying correlated fading channel, represented by a Markov chain. For the first two systems, the optimal schedules are obtained through dynamic programming (DP) . The third scheduler is based on a heuristic strategy, whose performance is evaluated through numerical simulations, and compared with that of the two optimal schedulers obtained through DP. Results showed that the heuristic scheduler can reach performance similar to that of DP schedulers.
Modulation of the Serotonin-Sensitive Potassium Channel in Aplysia Sensory Neurone Cell Body and Growth Cone (1986)

Using single-channel recording, we have been able to obtain some insight into the molecular mechanism of a modulatory transmitter action in Aplysia sensory neurones. Our results show that serotonin produces a slow EPSP and increases action potential duration in the sensory neurones by producing prolonged closures of the S potassium channel. Such closures appear to be mediated by cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of a membrane protein which may be the channel. Modulation of S channels by serotonin also occurs in sensory neurone growth cones. This provides the first direct evidence that channel modulation occurs in nerve processes and increases the likelihood of channel modulation at the nerve terminal.