gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
6-axis force-torque sensor chip composed of 16 piezoresistive beams (2015)

This paper reports the design, a part of the fabrication process, especially ion doping method by oblique ion implantation, and experimental results of a 6-axis force-torque sensor chip composed of 16 piezoresistive beams. The sensor chip's area, 2mm square in size, is one-third of that of the minimum 6-axis sensor chip ever reported. It will enhance the mounting density of sensor array and also reduce the cost in case of volume production. These sensor chips were fabricated by MNOIC, 8-inch MEMS foundry in Japan, and their characteristic variations are enough small to make practical use of them.
Multilevel Physical Optics Algorithm for Near-Field Double-Bounce Scattering (2015)

A fast algorithm for the evaluation of the double-bounce (DB) contributions to the physical optics scattering integrals, over a range of aspect angles and frequencies, is presented. The work extends the preceding far-field algorithm, to encompass three-dimensional and near-field scenarios. The algorithm relies on multilevel sampling and interpolation of phase- and amplitude-compensated contributions of subdomain pairs. A particular design of the phase- and amplitude-compensation functions and sampling grids, tailored to the DB near-field case, is presented. The improved performance and error controllability are demonstrated via representative examples.
Performance-Driven Design of a Reciprocal Frame Canopy - Timber structure of the FutureTree (2021)

This paper presents the design process of a recently built, 107 m2 free-form timber frame canopy. The structure is an irregular, funnel-shaped reciprocal frame resting on a central concrete column, and has been fabricated using a robot-based assembly process. The project addresses several known design and fabrication challenges: modelling of free-form reciprocal frames, complex interrelations between their geometry and structural behaviour, as well as develops custom software tools to represent different models and interface design and structural analysis environments. The performance-driven design is exemplified by studies on the relationship between geometric parameters of the reciprocal frame and the resulting force-flow and flexural stiffness of the structure. The final design is obtained by differentiating geometry and stiffness to reduce deflection and tensile stresses while observing fabrication constraints.The project demonstrates the application of computational design to create customized, performance-driven and robotically fabricated structures, and its successful realization validates the methods under real-life planning and construction conditions.
Triple reduction of threshold current for 1.3 μm InAs quantum dot lasers on patterned, on-axis (001) Si (2019)

Triple reduction of threshold current was achieved for 1.3 μm InAs quantum dot lasers on patterned, on-axis (001) Si. This was enabled by reducing the threading dislocation density, from 7 × 107 to 3 × 106cm−2.
Immunohistochemical‐ and PCR‐based assay for the reproducible, routine detection of erythrovirus B19 in thyroid tissues (2015)

It is generally accepted that thyroid follicle cells are at least semi-permissive for erythrovirus B19 (EVB19). Thus, various laboratory techniques have been successfully used to detect EVB19 in the thyroid gland, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. However, the detection of EVB19 within the thyroid gland is problematic, and none of the detection protocols in the literature have been unequivocally validated. This multidisciplinary study in which 32 thyroidectomy subjects undergoing thyroidectomy in a French University hospital were prospectively recruited was performed over a period of 3 years. Prior to surgery, all the subjects were assayed for blood levels of anti-EVB19 antibodies and (using a quantitative PCR [qPCR] assay) EVB19 itself. A qPCR assay for EVB19 and an immunohistochemical assay (based on polyclonal anti-VP2 antibodies) were performed on the thyroidectomy samples. None of the subjects had an acute EVB19 infection. A viral load was detected in two serum samples and six thyroid biopsies. Three subjects had both a positive immunohistochemical assay and a positive qPCR assay for the thyroid tissue. It is noteworthy that the thyroid immunohistochemical and qPCR assays were negative in the two patients with detectable serum loads of EVB19. In conclusion, EVB19 can be detected in thyroid follicle cells by using immunohistochemical and qPCR assays. Ideally, patients should be tested with both PCR and immunohistochemical assays, in order to unequivocally confirm or rule out the presence of EVB19 in the thyroid gland. The present protocol must now be validated in larger series--notably with respect to its reliability and in order to determine qPCR positivity thresholds for application in future large-scale studies.
Small Molecules Targeting the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (2015)

It is now clear that the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) plays a key role in a wide variety of human diseases whose common pathology is based in mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite the facts that robust assays for the activity of the mtPTP have been established and small molecules are of obvious therapeutic importance, the identification of small molecules specifically targeting the mtPTP has not advanced. Using resources within the NIH Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network (MLPCN), a number of novel small molecules that serve as inhibitors of mtPTP activation were identified and optimized. One of these compounds, the probe compound ML404 (CID 72199308) inhibits mitochondrial swelling with an EC50 = 4.9 nM, while it perturbs mitochondrial coupling (an undesired effect) at > 100 μM. This compound increases the calcium retention capacity (CRC) of mitochondria (a measure of mtPTP inhibition) 14.8-fold at 12.5 μM, a concentration that does not affect mitochondrial respiration at which the compound appears non-toxic. Compared to the prior art, the probe ML404 (CID 72199308) is the best-in-class inhibitor of the mtPTP. When the probe and analogues are used as recommended, they are “fit-for-purpose” and should be useful for advancing the search for small-molecule therapeutics for some of the most wide-spread and therapeutically challenging human diseases, such as, multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), muscular dystrophies (MDs), heart infarction, and stroke.
The Coaxial Scanner In A Compact High Performance Thermal Imager (1990)

The development of a compact, low cost, high performance thermal imager is described. This imager is based on a novel coaxial scanning technique designed at RSRE. The paper reviews the essential design requirements for thermal imagers. These include the avoidance of Vignetting and pupil wander in the scanning elements and objective lenses, and the maximising of detector cold shielding. These aims are met by (a) choice of array technology, as exemplified in the UK development of SPRITE IR detectors, (b) use of either the pupil relay optics (as in the UK TICM II Scanner) or the alternative coincident pupils (as in the coaxial scanner). The optical design of the scanner and its implementation in hardware are given along with details of the telescopes, detectors and electronic modules used in the coaxial imager. Direct View and TV compatible outputs are discussed. The paper concludes with examples of the imager in various military applications including RPV&apos;s, airborne pods, helicopters and land based sights. Examples of the imagery obtained and the thermal performance of the imager are also described.
Improved elevational and azimuthal motion tracking using sector scans (2013)

Ultrasound data motion tracking is widely used to estimate relative tissue/transducer motion, for example in freehand 3-D imaging, in which successive 2-D ultrasound scan planes are registered in a 3-D volume. Speckle-tracking and decorrelation-based methods are used to estimate motion in the azimuthal and elevational planes. However, the performance of speckle-tracking is significantly degraded in sectorscan systems because of point-spread function rotation with lateral motion. In this paper, we develop a new method for joint azimuthal¿elevational motion estimation based on the complex correlation of individual IQ-demodulated sector-scan A-lines arising from tissue motion in 3-D space. We show that our method has performance benefits over both speckle-tracking and decorrelation-based tracking for motion estimation in sector-scan systems, particularly when there is both elevational and azimuthal motion. Motion-tracking efficacy is further demonstrated by improved freehand imaging of a known target (anatomically accurate 3-D-printed lumbar spine model) in a tissue-mimicking phantom, with an rms surface distance error of 1.2 mm, compared with 2.43 mm for conventional methods. These data indicate that the new algorithm is capable of improved tracking performance for sector scan systems, enabling effective freehand 3-D scanning.
Re-Analysis of Recent Neutron Diffusion and Transmission Measurements in Nuclear Graphite (2010)

We revisit the determination by Bowman et al. of unusual neutron transport characteristics for a newly fabricated form of graphite [Nucl. Sci. Eng., 159, 182 (2008); Nucl. Sci. Eng., 161, 68 (2009)]. From MCNP modeling and consideration of data from other experiments, we determine revised values for the neutron transport parameters of this graphite. Our reanalysis gives a coherent scattering cross section σcoh ˜ 4 b at 50 meV, a small-angle neutron scattering cross section σsans ˜ 11 to 13 b at 1 meV, and an effective capture cross section σa = 5.8 ± 0.5 mb. Scaled to a graphite reference density of 1.60 g/cm3, we find a diffusion coefficient D̄ = 0.94 ± 0.03 cm and a diffusion length L = 47.7 ± 3.7 cm. Apart from the somewhat larger values of σa and D̄, these are not untypical parameters for graphite. Based on our investigation, the recent experiments and analysis of Bowman et al. do not give evidence for different transport properties for this newly fabricated graphite.
Light scatter metrology of diamond turned optics (2005)

Light scatter, a bothersome source of noise in optical system, can also be used as a sensitive indicator of surface features. Diamond turned optics typically have three types of surface features. In addition to the background near isotropic (two dimensional) roughness found on most polished front surface mirrors, there are two sources of one dimensional roughness. One of these is the expected periodic tool mark structure that can create a diffraction pattern. The other is random one dimensional roughness (parallel to the tool marks) that is caused by chip drag and jitter between tool and sample. This paper discusses experimental methods for separating the effects of these three distinct sources of roughness and gives examples of measurements on several samples. Several sources of confusion associated with rms roughness specifications (which are often substituted for scatter specifications) are also discussed.
A genome-scale, constraint-based approach to systems biology of human metabolism (2007)

The recent sequencing and annotation of the human genome enables a new era in biomedicine that will be based on an interdisciplinary, systemic approach to the elucidation and treatment of human disease. Reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks is an important part of this approach since networks represent the integration of diverse biological data such as genome annotations, high-throughput data, and legacy biochemical knowledge. This article will describe Homo sapiens Recon 1, a functionally tested, genome-scale reconstruction of human cellular metabolism, and its capabilities for facilitating the understanding of physiological and disease metabolic states.
A fully integrated Hall sensor microsystem with current-mode output (2011)

This paper presents a fully integrated Hall sensor microsystem with a current-mode output. The system operates in open-loop and includes a Hall sensor with internal biasing, a fully differential front-end, a preamplifier chain and a voltage-to-current converter (V-I). The effects of the V-I block on the sensitivity drift of the system are analyzed and a current biasing of the Hall cells is proposed so that the current output feature adds no drift to the microsystem sensitivity. The whole microsystem is integrated in a 0.35μm CMOS technology. It occupies an area of 11.55mm2. The sensitivity drift of the system is characterized, and shows that the V-I does not degrade the overall sensitivity drift of the system.
PLAD (Plasma Doping) for p-type Deep Trench Doping in Power Device Applications (2018)

Doping high aspect ratio (HAR) structures poses a major challenge for device manufacturers, particularly in the advanced memory, CMOS image sensor technology spaces, and in the fabrication of trench based super-junction MOSFET power devices. CMOS technology scaling limitations have led to the emergence of vertically integrated cells, which leading-edge chipmakers are already introducing into mass production in multiple applications. The focus of this work is to demonstrate the capability of PLAD to dope large, but very high aspect ratio features in super-junction MOSFET power devices. PLAD has demonstrated this capability in a range of semiconductor applications including memory and image sensor processes. In this work, optimization of low dopant concentration is shown to enable high aspect ratio sidewall doping of a power device structure. Additionally, we will describe the unique capability of PLAD, results of various doping conditions, and additional new metrology capability for characterizing this process space.
Development of an Ultra-Sensitive Multiplex (6-plex) Cytokine Digital Immunoassay with fg/ml Sensitivity (2018)

Abstract The future of immuno-oncology treatment and autoimmune diagnostics will involve the detection and quantification of inflammatory biomarkers. As immunotherapy becomes a more common approach for treating cancer and inflammatory disease, cytokines will not only play a role in determining a patient’s disease diagnosis, prognosis, and potential treatment options, but also may serve as a primary index of a therapy’s effectiveness. Incorporating these biomarkers into clinical practice, however, has been a challenge. Only a few cytokines have been studied in relation to inflammatory disease and immunotherapy, mainly because the biomarkers for these conditions are typically present in very small concentrations, and current research methods aren’t sensitive enough to detect them. It is critical that physicians have the ability to quantify these cytokines to track disease progression before and after treatment. We present development and characterization of a multiplex digital immunoassay to simultaneously detect and quantify six inflammatory biomarkers (IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-6, TNFa, IFNg) with fg/ml sensitivity. This advanced approach reduces assay volume requirements for multiple sample types and may be sensitive enough to detect circulating disease biomarkers before symptoms appear. As a result, it could potentially provide physicians with a new capability to track disease progression, and the effectiveness of treatments against diseases, which they previously could not monitor with such precision.
Review: Headspace components of explosives for canine non-detonable training aid development (2023)

Explosives detection canines are a versatile capability used to protect civilians and military personnel from concealed explosives, and their effective training requires exposure to the headspace odors of energetic materials. However, the hazardous nature of energetic materials presents challenges when training needs to be performed near other human activities. Non-hazardous, non-detonable training aids for explosives are useful for this purpose. To facilitate the design of these safer, alternative, training aids, this review summarizes the headspace components that have been measured from seventeen explosive targets: nitroaromatics (trinitrotoluene [TNT] and picric acid), nitrate esters (pentaerythritol tetranitrate [PETN], erythritol tetranitrate [ETN], dynamite, nitroglycerin, smokeless powder, and ethylene glycol dinitrate [EGDN]), salts (potassium chlorate, ammonium nitrate, and urea nitrate), black powder and sulfur powder, nitramines (1,3,5,-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine [RDX], including plastic explosives like Composition 4 [C-4]), and peroxides (triacetone triperoxide [TATP], hexamethylene triperoxide diamine [HMTD], diacetone diperoxide [DADP], and hydrogen peroxide). The compiled chemical vapors are separated based on how frequently they have been reported, and a list of the most widely observed compounds is provided. Additional meta-analyses found varying degrees of research interest across targets. For example, TATP and smokeless powder have more references than black powder and ETN. Most measurements are also qualitative, with solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) being the most popular approach. From this review, summaries of headspace composition and characterization approaches are made available to facilitate the development and testing of canine training aids for explosives.
2-Methyl-3-oxo-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-yl Acetate:  A Fluorogenic Reagent for Detection and Analysis of Primary Amines (1997)

A new fluorogenic reagent, 2-methyl-3-oxo-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-yl acetate, has been developed for the analysis of primary amines and aminated carbohydrates by means of HPLC, CE, and MALDI/MS. Peptides at 1 pmol (2 x 10(-7) M) levels were successfully labeled and analyzed through CE. The fluorescent derivatives have good stability in both acidic and basic solutions, making their further manipulation and structural analysis possible. The derivatives can be analyzed in reversed-phase HPLC due to the hydrophobic nature of this fluorescent tag. Characteristic elution intervals between the diastereomeric peaks of the chiral peptide derivatives may be used in structural verification. The labeled peptides and neutral oligosaccharides are also readily detectable through MALDI/MS in its positive mode.
Corrections to “Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: ESMO–EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up” (2018)

Ann Oncol 2018; 29: iv68–iv78 (doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy095) The following corrections have been made under authorship: The author R.L. Haas has been added with the corresponding affiliation and author disclosure statement. The author name P. Rutkovski has been replaced with: P. Rutkowski Under authorship, the author name: A. Hannu has been replaced with: H.T. Aro. Under authorship, A. A. Safwat's affiliation: Finland has been replaced with: Denmark. Under authorship, the author name: W. Van der Graaf has been replaced with: W.T.A. van der Graaf. W.T.A. van der Graaf's institution: 30 has been replaced with: 30, 33, 51.
A Polyhydroxylated Cyclopentene: A Useful Synthon toward the Synthesis of Carbocyclic D-Fructofuranoid (1999)

A polyhydroxylated cyclopentene has been synthesized in five steps with an overall yield of 61% , starting from 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-arabinofuranose.
Individual airway constrictor response heterogeneity to histamine assessed by high-resolution computed tomography (1993)

We directly measured the range of individual airway responses to aerosol and intravenous administration of histamine by using high-resolution computed tomography and then compared the heterogeneity in constriction responses between these two routes. Seven dogs were used for a total of eleven studies. Six of the seven dogs received intravenous histamine (100-300 micrograms/min) and five of the seven dogs received aerosolized histamine (0.01-3.0 mg/ml for 5 breaths). Data were analyzed using linear regression models calculating residual mean square values for each route of histamine as a measure of variability in the change in airway size. The residual mean square values for the absolute airway size after the aerosol and intravenous histamine challenges were 17.73 and 15.42, respectively, which were not significantly different [F(331,166) = 1.15, P = 0.32]. Also, there were no significant differences when we compared the log or the percent change in airway area for the two routes of administration. We conclude that the route of histamine administration does not significantly affect the heterogeneity of airway response, suggesting that the heterogeneity observed after the histamine challenge is predominantly controlled by local mechanisms in the airways.
On the Nature of the B4 Banana Phase:  Crystal or Not a Crystal? (2005)

Bent-core or banana-shaped liquid crystal mesogens are known to form chiral smectic phases from achiral or racemic molecules, representing the first example of conglomerate formation in bulk fluids. The most well studied examples of this behavior occur in the SmCP phases, subphases possessing the B2 chiral layer structure. However, the first description of chirality in the banana phase space was of the B4 phase, whose detailed structure is still under investigation. Indeed, the B4 phase is quite unique, and a consensus regarding the question of whether this phase is crystalline or liquid crystalline has not been reached. Here we describe data showing distinct differences, by NMR, between the SmCP phase and B4 phase of the prototypical banana phase mesogen NOBOW and, based upon an analysis of these data, suggest that the B4 phase is an unusual type of crystalline solid.
Empirical Optimization of Peptide Sequence and Nanoparticle Colloidal Stability: The Impact of Surface Ligands and Implications for Colorimetric Sensing (2023)

Surface ligands play a critical role in controlling and defining the properties of colloidal nanocrystals. These aspects have been exploited to design nanoparticle aggregation-based colorimetric sensors. Here, we coated 13-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a large library of ligands (<i>e.g.</i>, from labile monodentate monomers to multicoordinating macromolecules) and evaluated their aggregation propensity in the presence of three peptides containing charged, thiolate, or aromatic amino acids. Our results show that AuNPs coated with the polyphenols and sulfonated phosphine ligands were good choices for electrostatic-based aggregation. AuNPs capped with citrate and labile-binding polymers worked well for dithiol-bridging and π-π stacking-induced aggregation. In the example of electrostatic-based assays, we stress that good sensing performance requires aggregating peptides of low charge valence paired with charged NPs with weak stability and <i>vice versa</i>. We then present a modular peptide containing versatile aggregating residues to agglomerate a variety of ligated AuNPs for colorimetric detection of the coronavirus main protease. Enzymatic cleavage liberates the peptide segment, which in turn triggers NP agglomeration and thus rapid color changes in <10 min. The protease detection limit is 2.5 nM.