gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multisource encoding and decoding using the signal apparition technique (2017)

Signal apparition is a method for encoding sources in simultaneous multisource seismic acquisition and decoding the multisource response of the earth into its single-source responses. For [Formula: see text] sources, encoding is performed by applying periodic sequences of period [Formula: see text] to each of the sources along source lines. Decoding is achieved in the wavenumber domain for each frequency by solving an [Formula: see text] linear system of equations. The system’s matrix is the product of a Fourier matrix and an encoding matrix, the latter containing the information of the codes. The solution of the system is unique when the encoding matrix is invertible. When the encoding sequences consist of time delays applied to sources’ firing times, the determinant of the encoding matrix becomes a polynomial. A unique solution to decoding then exists if the roots of the polynomial avoid the unit circle. Periodic time-shift sequences for two, three, four, and six sources are discussed. A model example of simultaneous four-source data acquisition illustrates the performance of the encoding/decoding technique for the spatially nonaliased case.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Comparison of Effects of Diet on Mammary Cancer: Efficacy of Various Preventive Agents and Metabolomic Changes of Different Diets and Agents (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1&lt;/p&gt;
Can a pairwise contact potential stabilize native protein folds against decoys obtained by threading? (2000)

We present a method to derive contact energy parameters from large sets of proteins. The basic requirement on which our method is based is that for each protein in the database the native contact map has lower energy than all its decoy conformations that are obtained by threading. Only when this condition is satisfied one can use the proposed energy function for fold identification. Such a set of parameters can be found (by perceptron learning) if Mp, the number of proteins in the database, is not too large. Other aspects that influence the existence of such a solution are the exact definition of contact and the value of the critical distance Rc, below which two residues are considered to be in contact. Another important novel feature of our approach is its ability to determine whether an energy function of some suitable proposed form can or cannot be parameterized in a way that satisfies our basic requirement. As a demonstration of this, we determine the region in the (Rc, Mp) plane in which the problem is solvable, i.e., we can find a set of contact parameters that stabilize simultaneously all the native conformations. We show that for large enough databases the contact approximation to the energy cannot stabilize all the native folds even against the decoys obtained by gapless threading.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ROLE OF CHELATION IN THE FORMYLATION OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS WITH N‐FORMYL AMINES (1983)

Abstract Zur Formylierung von Phenylmagnesiumbromid (VII) zu Benzaldehyd (VIII) werden verschiedene N‐Alkyl‐N‐formylamine (I)‐(VI) eingesetzt.
Subcutaneous rituximab induction followed by short rituximab maintenance to improve progression-free survival in patients with low-tumor burden follicular lymphoma: Final results of FLIRT phase III trial, a LYSA study. (2022)

7512 Background: In low–tumor burden follicular lymphoma (FL), maintenance rituximab (MR) has been shown to improve progression-free survival (PFS) when compared with observation. RESORT study (Kahl et al. 2014) clearly showed that Rituximab (R) retreatment strategy provided similar time to treatment failure that maintenance strategy with less rituximab use. It is not known whether short MR using sub-cutaneous (sc) route could improve PFS while reducing R infusions. Methods: Patients with the diagnosis of low-tumor burden FL (GELF criteria) within the last 4 months before signing informed consent were randomly assigned to either Iv-Arm : 4-weekly iv infusions of R 375 mg/m 2 or Sc-Arm: one iv infusion of R (D1, 375 mg/m 2 ) followed by 3 sc infusions of R (1400 mg, on days 8, 15 and 22) followed by Rsc maintenance on months (M) 3, 5, 7 and 9. The primary endpoint was PFS and secondary endpoints included safety, response rates (M3, M12), duration of response (DOR), time to next anti-lymphoma treatment (TTNTL) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 202 patients were included, 102 in Iv-Arm and 100 in Sc-Arm and constitute the intent to treat population. The median uses of R were 4 infusions (range: 1-4, Iv-Arm) and 8 infusions (range: 2-8, Sc-Arm). With a median follow-up of 50.2 months (95% CI: 48.3-54.5), 4‐year PFS was 41.2% (95% CI: 30.6%; 51.6%) in Iv-Arm and 58.1% (95% CI: 47.5%; 67.4%) in Sc-Arm. Median PFS was then 36.1 months (95% IC: 23.9-52.6) in Iv-Arm and 73.8 months (95% CI: 39.4-NA) in Sc-Arm (Fig 1.) (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39-0.87; P = 0.0076). Patients with at least one AE grade ≥ 3 were 8 (7.8%) and 12 (12.4%) in Iv-Arm and Sc-Arm, respectively. According to Cheson criteria, ORR at M3 were: 83% and 80% including 38% and 29% of CR/CRu, in Iv-Arm and Sc-Arm, respectively. According to Lugano criteria, 36.3% (Iv-Arm; 95% CI: 27.0%. 46.4%) and 59.0% (Sc-Arm; 95% CI: 48.7%; 68.7%) were in CMR at M12. The median DOR was 32.7 months (95% IC: 20.6-49.7) and 70.8 months (36.4-NR) (HR: 0.56; 95% IC: 0.37-0.84) in Iv-Arm and Sc-Arm, respectively. 4-year TTNLT was 54% (95% CI: 42.9%; 63.8%) in Iv-Arm and 61.8% (95% CI: 50.8.6%; 71.0%) in Sc-Arm (HR: 0.81, 95% IC: 0.53-1.24). 4-year TTNLT chemotherapy was 60.8 % (95% CI: 49.6%; 70.3%) in Iv-Arm and 71.4% (95% CI: 60.7%; 79.8%) in Sc-arm (HR: 0.69, 95% IC: 0.42-1.12) (Fig 2.). OS was not different according to treatment arm, 4-year OS was 95.0% (95% CI: 88.5%; 97.9%) in Iv-Arm and 96.7% (95% CI: 89.9%; 98.9%) in Sc-Arm. Conclusions: This phase III study met its primary endpoint and demonstrated that Rsc induction followed by a short MRsc improves PFS of patients with low-tumor burden. MRsc did not however improved TTNLT. R in low-tumor burden FL allowed to avoid cytotoxic use in most patients 6 years after treatment initiation. Clinical trial information: NCT02303119.
Simultaneous Enzymatic Synthesis of Gluconic Acid and Sorbitol (1998)

The production of sorbitol and gluconic acid by isolated glucose-fructose oxidoreductase (GFOR) from Zymomonas mobilis has been studied in a connective, 100-mL loop reactor with tangential ultrafiltration. Using a dilution rate of 0.04/h and 5 kU/L GFOR, substrate conversion (3 M sugar) in a single stage was >85%, and productivities of 126 g sorbitol/(L·d) were obtained. At a constant recycle rate (3/min) and a membrane area of 50 cm2, the dilution rates (and thus productivities) were however limited by a more than 30-fold reduction of the permeate flow in the presence of high sugar and protein concentrations (5 g/L). Protein was added, together with 10 mM dithiothreitol, to improve the stability of GFOR during substrate turnover and crossflow filtration, thus leading to a stable operation of the enzyme reactor for at least 5 d.
Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber (2005)

Tunable bandgap guidance is obtained by filling the holes of a solid core photonic crystal fiber with a nematic liquid crystal and applying an electric field. The response times are measured and found to be in the millisecond range.
Possibility of Using Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. in Remediation of Some Iraqi Soils Polluted by Crude Oil (2014)

Iraq is one of the main oil producing countries in the world. Soil is sometimes exposing to pollution through the processes
of production, piping, transporting, and refining of crude oil. Remediation of such polluted soils is not applying in the
country yet. In this research, we suggested the use of new-introduced species Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. in soil
phytoremediation. Two types of soil treated with five levels of crude oil pollution were the substrate in which forty
seedlings were replanted. Experiment lasted 8 months during which plants were daily irrigated and observations were
recorded. Results showed that plants could survive even under the highest pollution level (10%).
Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO With Distributed Jammers (2020)

In this paper, we analyze the uplink spectral efficiency (SE) of an arbitrary user in a single-cell massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system in which there are jammers randomly distributed. We compare this SE with that of a user in a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) system. We utilize two types of receivers that are widely used in massive MIMO literature: Maximum-ratio-combining (MRC) and zero-forcing (ZF). The jammers attack the base station (BS) during the training and data transmission phases. In order to estimate the channel vectors of the legitimate users, the BS uses either the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimator which requires information about the jamming power or the least squares (LS) estimator which does not require any knowledge about the jamming signals. We show that ZF gives higher SE than MRC, but interestingly the performance is unaffected by the choice of the estimators. Moreover, we derive the closed form signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) for the MRC receiver when the jammers attack to the BS and based on this SINR expression we utilize power control algorithms that achieve max-min fairness and proportional fairness.
Spectral prediction model for variable dot-size printers (2008)

By printing a variable number of droplets onto the same pixel location, ink jet printers produce pixels at variable dot-sizes yielding several darkness levels. Varying the number of printed droplets affects the ink volume deposited onto the substrate. In the present contribution, we explore the possibility of producing accurate spectral reflectance predictions at all pixel dot-sizes. For this purpose, we use a Clapper-Yule model, extended according to Beer's law, which accounts for ink thickness variations. This model expresses each colorant transmittance as a function of its constituent ink transmittances and their respective relative thicknesses. These relative thicknesses are initially computed when calibrating the model, at a given pixel dot-size, and can then be dynamically scaled according to the printed pixel dot-size. We first study the effect of varying pixel dot-sizes on the halftone's physical (mechanical) dot-gain. We then express the ink volume variations as a function of pixel dot-sizes. Lastly, we show how, using the thickness extended Clapper-Yule model, we can effectively predict reflectances for different configurations of ink pixel dot-sizes.
Inhibiting the Dealkylation of Basic Arenes during n-Alkane Direct Aromatization Reactions and Understanding the C6 Ring Closure Mechanism (2020)

Pt/KL is the widely accepted catalyst for aromatizing n-hexane by 1,6-ring closure but encounters deactivation issues when aromatizing higher carbon number feeds, undergoing extensive dealkylation to give unwanted CH4 and unselective products, as well as overaromatization to form coke. Here, we report the use of a nonacidic MFI zeolite support, containing excess K+ beyond ion exchange capacity, well-dispersed Pt, and high Pt presence inside the pores, to maximize direct n-alkane aromatization selectivity. TGA, catalyst deactivation studies, and characterizations show that the smaller pore sizes and lack of large cages in the MFI support sterically inhibit coke formation inside the pores (0% in comparison to 4.9% over Pt/KL for n-octane aromatization), which also reduces dealkylation of ethylbenzene and o-xylene under mild conditions to give a more selective product distribution: 86% selectivity by weight toward C6 ring closure in comparison to 27% for Pt/KL. Additionally, using NH3-TPD, XPS, CO-DRIFTS, and STEM, we show the contribution of excess K+ as an inhibitor of strong acid sites, an indirect Pt electron promoter through improving metal–support interactions, and Pt dispersant. This work highlights the alternative use of well-understood zeolitic supports for the highly selective aromatization of n-heptane and n-octane by 1,6-ring closure, increasing the number of potential streams that can undergo direct aromatization and providing a suitable alternative to Pt/KL.
Recent progress in the development of a micro crystal element (MiCE) PET system (2004)

This work reports on the continuing development of a small animal PET system designed to image mice. The key component of the system is our micro crystal element (MiCE) detectors. Each MiCE detector consists of a 22/spl times/22 array of 0.8/spl times/0.8/spl times/10 mm mixed lutetium silicate (MLS) crystals. The crystals are placed within a grid made of a highly reflective polymer film material. The grid optically isolates the crystals and additionally functions as a reflective wrap. The detector unit is directly coupled to a 6+6 cross-anode position sensitive PMT. The PMT signals are fed to a simple resistor network and front end amplifier card that produces four (X+, X-, Y+, V-) position and the summed energy signals. A partial ring consisting of six detector modules has been built. Tomographic data sets have been acquired by rotating the source object within the limited field of view. A simplified data acquisition system designed using a field programmable gate array and commercial NIM and CAMAC electronic modules has been assembled. Using a two detector module coincidence setup, a reconstructed image resolution of 1.0 mm full width at half maximum has been achieved for a line source centered within the field of view. Mouse images have been acquired using the full evaluation system. These images illustrate the resolution capabilities of the MiCE scanner. The final system will consist of four rings of detector modules (i.e., 72 modules) and utilize a high bandwidth firewire (i.e., EEEE 1394a) based acquisition system. This system is currently under development.
Tunable and multi-band plasmon resonance gratings using spheroidal nanoparticles (2016)

In recent years, there has been immense interest in two-dimensional metallic gratings based on plasmonic nanoparticles. The enhanced fields in these structures due to the plasmonic resonance of nano-particles, makes them ideal candidates for a variety of applications. Many of these studies have utilized spherical nano-particles which have a well-known localized surface plasmon resonance condition that is independent of wavelength. In this paper, we propose plasmonic arrays based on spheroidal nano-particles. We demonstrate that, unlike spheres, the localized surface plasmon resonance in these particles can be tuned. Additionally, we show that by using multi-layer arrays, we can obtain multiple plasmonic resonances.
Electrically tuned photonic crystal/ liquid crystal laser (2004)

The emission wavelength of ultra-small photonic crystal laser is electrically controlled with an applied gate voltage. High quality factor porous-cavity laser design enables strong interaction between strong optical fields and infiltrated liquid crystals.
Supplementary Table 3 from A Novel Antiandrogen, Compound 30, Suppresses Castration-Resistant and MDV3100-Resistant Prostate Cancer Growth <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF, 56K, MDV3100 IC50 in LNCaP and MR49F cells&lt;/p&gt;
Fundamentals of Massive MIMO (2016)

Written by pioneers of the concept, this is the first complete guide to the physical and engineering principles of Massive MIMO. Assuming only a basic background in communications and statistical signal processing, it will guide readers through key topics in multi-cell systems such as propagation modeling, multiplexing and de-multiplexing, channel estimation, power control, and performance evaluation. The authors' unique capacity-bounding approach will enable readers to carry out effective system performance analyses and develop advanced Massive MIMO techniques and algorithms. Numerous case studies, as well as problem sets and solutions accompanying the book online, will help readers put knowledge into practice and acquire the skill set needed to design and analyze complex wireless communication systems. Whether you are a graduate student, researcher, or industry professional working in the field of wireless communications, this will be an indispensable guide for years to come
Association of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) from the phase 3 ARASENS trial. (2022)

5078 Background: Reductions in PSA level have been associated with improved OS in patients (pts) with mHSPC. In ARASENS (NCT02799602), darolutamide (DARO) + androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with docetaxel significantly reduced the risk of death by 32.5% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.675; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.568–0.801; P&lt; 0.0001) vs ADT + docetaxel in pts with mHSPC. We report the association between PSA response and OS from ARASENS. Methods: Pts with mHSPC were randomized 1:1 to DARO 600 mg twice daily or matching PBO + ADT and docetaxel. Serum PSA was measured at screening and every 12 weeks. Exploratory analyses included time to PSA progression (≥25% increase from PSA nadir [lowest or at study entry] and PSA increase ≥2 ng/mL ≥12 weeks from nadir [both confirmed by a second value ≥3 weeks later]) and undetectable PSA (&lt; 0.2 ng/mL for 2 samples ≥3 weeks apart) at 24, 36, and 52 weeks and any time during treatment. Comparisons between treatment groups were performed using the Cochran-Mantel Haenszel test stratified by randomization stratification factors (metastatic spread according to TNM classification and alkaline phosphatase levels at study entry). Post hoc landmark analyses evaluated the association between undetectable PSA at weeks 24 and 36 and OS for the overall population. Results: Of 1306 randomized pts, 1305 were included in the full analysis set (DARO 651; PBO 654), both with ADT and docetaxel. Median (range) PSA levels at study entry were 30.3 (0.0–9219.0) and 24.2 (0.0–11,947.0) ng/mL, respectively. DARO significantly prolonged time to PSA progression (HR 0.255; 95% CI 0.208–0.313; P&lt; 0.0001). Undetectable PSA was achieved in more pts receiving DARO (48.7%) vs PBO (23.9%) at 24 weeks, and the rate continued to increase at 36 and 52 weeks in the DARO group to 57.1% and 60.2%, respectively, vs minimal change in the PBO group (25.1% and 26.1%). Undetectable PSA levels at any time were achieved in 67.3% in the DARO group and 28.6% in the PBO group. A treatment difference in undetectable PSA based on non-overlapping 95% CIs was observed at all time points. For the overall population, OS was improved for pts who achieved undetectable PSA levels vs those who did not at 24 weeks (HR 0.398; 95% CI 0.321–0.493) and 36 weeks (HR 0.351; 95% CI 0.284–0.434). Additional baseline and safety data by PSA level will be reported. Conclusions: The combination of DARO + ADT and docetaxel significantly prolonged the time to PSA progression and more pts receiving DARO vs PBO achieved undetectable PSA levels, reflecting strong PSA response over time. In pts with mHSPC, achievement of undetectable PSA at 24 and 36 weeks was associated with improved OS, with risk of death reduced by 60% and 65%, respectively, vs those who did not achieve undetectable PSA at 24 and 36 weeks. Clinical trial information: NCT02799602.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Control of Transannular Radical Cyclizations. A New Approach to the Synthesis of Linearly Fused Cyclopentanoids. (1986)

Abstract Radical cyclization of (h) o; (Ib) Ieads to product mixtures of bicycloundecanes (II), (IV) and lriquinanes (n (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCYCLIC RING OPENING OF THE CYCLOBUTENE RADICAL CATION (1979)

Abstract Mittels ICR wird festgestellt, daß ionisiertes Cyclobuten und Butadien‐(1,3) mitNeutra1rno1ekülen wie Methylvinylether, Furan, Ethen, Propen, isomeren Butenen und Pentenen identisch reagieren.
Biopsychological Validation of the Sasang Personality Questionnaire in Middle School Students (2016)

Objectives The Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) measures the Yin-Yang temperament of Sasang typology with proven structural and clinical validity in adults, however it was not examined with teenagers. The purpose of this study was to validate the biopsychological structure of SPQ in middle school students.Methods 681 Korean high school students (356 boys and 325 girls) completed SPQ, Junior version of Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), and height and weight measures. The correlation between SPQ and JTCI subscales were examined, and the differences of SPQ and JTCI subscales, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Pondera Index (PI) among high (30%), middle (40%), and low (30%) SPQ total score groups were investigated with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The profile analysis was also performed to compare JTCI subscale profiles of three SPQ total score groups.Results The SPQ score was significantly (p<0.001) correlated positively with JTCI Novelty-Seeking and negatively with JTCI Harm-Avoidance. The JTCI Novelty-Seeking score of high SPQ group was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of low SPQ group, and the JTCI Harm-Avoidance score of low SPQ group was significantly higher than that of high SPQ group. The JTCI subscale profiles for three SPQ groups were significantly different for boys and girls. Significant correlations or differences for the PI and BMI among SPQ groups were not found.Conclusions This study presented that the biopsychological structure of SPQ is robust as shown in adults. The SPQ would be a useful clinical measures of Sasang typology in pediatric patients.
A model-based design of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (2014)

Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) are an amalgamation of both power gird technology, and the intelligent communication and co-ordination between the supply and the demand side through distributed embedded computing. Through this combination, CPES are intended to deliver power efficiently, reliably, and economically. The design and development work needed to either implement a new power grid network or upgrade a traditional power grid to a CPES-compliant one is both challenging and time consuming due to the heterogeneous nature of the associated components/subsystems. The Model Based Design (MBD) methodology has been widely seen as a promising solution to address the associated design challenges of creating a CPES. In this paper, we demonstrate a MBD method and its associated tool for the purpose of designing and validating various control algorithms for a residential microgrid. Our presented co-simulation engine GridMat is a MATLAB/Simulink toolbox; the purpose of it is to co-simulate the power systems modeled in GridLAB-D as well as the control algorithms that are modeled in Simulink. We have presented various use cases to demonstrate how different levels of control algorithms may be developed, simulated, debugged, and analyzed by using our GridMat toolbox for a residential mi-crogrid.