gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-thin solid oxide fuel cells: materials and devices (2014)

Solid oxide fuel cells are electrochemical energy conversion devices utilizing solid electrolytes transporting O2- that typically operate in the 800 - 1000 °C temperature range due to the large activation barrier for ionic transport. Reducing electrolyte thickness or increasing ionic conductivity can enable lower temperature operation for both stationary and portable applications. This thesis is focused on the fabrication of free standing ultrathin (&lt;100 nm) oxide membranes of prototypical O2- conducting electrolytes, namely Y2O3-doped ZrO2 and Gd2O3-doped CeO2. Fabrication of such membranes requires an understanding of thin plate mechanics coupled with controllable thin film deposition processes. Integration of free standing membranes into proof-of-concept fuel cell devices necessitates ideal electrode assemblies as well as creative processing schemes to experimentally test devices in a high temperature dual environment chamber. We present a simple elastic model to determine stable buckling configurations for free standing oxide membranes. This guides the experimental methodology for Y2O3-doped ZrO2 film processing, which enables tunable internal stress in the films. Using these criteria, we fabricate robust Y2O3-doped ZrO2 membranes on Si and composite polymeric substrates by semiconductor and micro-machining processes, respectively. Fuel cell devices integrating these membranes with metallic electrodes are demonstrated to operate in the 300 - 500 °C range, exhibiting record performance at such temperatures. A model combining physical transport of electronic carriers in an insulating film and electrochemical aspects of transport is developed to determine the limits of performance enhancement expected via electrolyte thickness reduction. Free standing oxide heterostructures, i.e. electrolyte membrane and oxide electrodes, are demonstrated. Lastly, using Y2O3-doped ZrO2 and Gd2O3-doped CeO2, novel electrolyte fabrication schemes are explored to develop oxide alloys and nanoscale compositionally graded membranes that are thermomechanically robust and provide added interfacial functionality. The work in this thesis advances experimental state-of-the-art with respect to solid oxide fuel cell operation temperature, provides fundamental boundaries expected for ultrathin electrolytes, develops the ability to integrate highly dissimilar material (such as oxide-polymer) heterostructures, and introduces nanoscale compositionally graded electrolyte membranes that can lead to monolithic materials having multiple functionalities.
The analysis of synovial fluid in total knee arthroplasties with flexion instability (2017)

In the group of patients who underwent revision TKA for flexion instability, most had a mean cell count and differential similar to those who underwent revision for other aseptic indications. However, bloody serosanguineous aspirations were 6.5 times more common in those with flexion instability confirming that many of the recurrent effusions seen in this condition are haemarthroses. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2017;99-B:1477-81.
폐경전 비만여성에서 내장지방과 자존감의 연관성 (2008)

Obesity is not only a matter of accumulation of adipose tissue but also a projection of self-cognition. This study examined the association between low self-esteem and visceral obesity; visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and visceral adipose tissue /subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR). Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in pre-menopausal obese(BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) women in Seoul, from 2007 to 2008 (n=54). Simple anthropometry including BMI and waist circumference and Computed Tomography (CT) including VAT and VSR were done. To measure self-esteem, Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) questionnaire was administered. Subjects were given written consent and this study was performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung-Hee East-west Neo Medical Center. Results There was a significant relationship self esteem (SES score) with visceral obesity (VAT and VSR). 1. SES was correlated with VAT (r=-0.377, p<0.01) and VSR (r= -0.400, p<0.01) significantly by Pearson Correlation. 2. VAT and VSR could be predicted from SES by Simple linear regression. VAT = -1.701 x (SES score) +161.191 (R2=0.142) VSR = -1.09x10-2 x (SES score) +0.858 (R2=0.160) Conclusions This study proves that low self-esteem might contribute to visceral obesity in Korean pre-menopausal obese women. Self-esteem and psychological factor should be considered in treatment of visceral obesity in adult-women.
Forward energy flow, central charged-particle multiplicities, and pseudorapidity gaps in W and Z boson events from pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}= 7$ TeV (2012)

A study of forward energy flow and central charged-particle multiplicity in events with W and Z bosons decaying into leptons is presented. The analysis uses a sample of 7 TeV pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb -1 , recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The observed forward energy depositions, their correlations, and the central charged-particle multiplicities are not well described by the available non-diffractive soft-hadron production models. A study of about 300 events with no significant energy deposited in one of the forward calorimeters, corresponding to a pseudorapidity gap of at least 1.9 units, is also presented. An indication for a diffractive component in these events comes from the observation that the majority of the charged leptons from the W(Z) decays are found in the hemisphere opposite to the gap. When fitting the signed lepton pseudorapidity distribution of these events with predicted distributions from an admixture of diffractive (POMPYT) and non-diffractive (PYTHIA) Monte Carlo simulations, the diffractive component is determined to be (50.0 9.3 (stat.) 5.2 (syst.))%. 30. TOTEM Collaboration, Proton-proton elastic scattering at the LHC energy of s = 7 TeV.
High voltage semiconductor technologies (2009)

High voltage semiconductor devices continue to play a major role in modern megawatt power systems especially in the fields of traction, transmission and distribution (T&D) and industrial applications. The main development trend of power devices has always been focused on increasing the power ratings while improving the over all device performance in terms of reduced losses, increased robustness, better controllability and reliable behavior under normal and fault conditions. This paper will focus on the main two high voltage turn-off device concepts, namely the IGCT and IGBT. Recent device developments and future trends will be discussed to provide the power electronics community of what can be expected in the coming years from the power device performance viewpoint.
Structural degeneracy in pair distance distributions (2019)

A traditional basic descriptor of many-particle systems has been the distribution of interparticle pair distances. In the case of structureless particles at thermal equilibrium, with just additive pair interactions, this suffices to determine pressure and mean energy. However, it is usually the case that a given set of pair distances can emerge from a multiplicity of distinguishable many-particle configurations. This paper focuses on the ways in which such a configuration detail can be overlooked. After providing some elementary small-system examples in which full pair distance specification still permits distinct configurational pattern ambiguity, subsequent analysis concentrates on large-system classical canonical ensembles. In that context, configurational degeneracy is analyzed in two-dimensional systems for the shape distribution of triangles, whose chirality occurrence can be controlled by suitable three-particle interactions. For many-particle systems in three dimensions, the possibility is explored that a set of three-particle "pair-invisible" interactions can exist which modify the three-particle distribution function, but which have no effect on the pair distribution function, and thus remain undetected by conventional diffraction experiments. For illustration, a specific mathematical example is presented, applicable to the case where two-particle interactions vanish.
A Novel View on Information Content of Concepts in Extremely Large Ontologies (2003)

Semantic distance and semantic similarity are two important information retrieval measures used in word sense disambiguation as well as for the assessment of how relevant concepts are with respect to the documents in which they are found. A variety of calculation methods have been proposed in the literature, whereby methods taking into account the information content of an individual concept outperform those that don't. In this paper, we present a novel recursive approach to calculate a concept's information content based on the information content of the concepts to which it relates. The method is applicable to extremely large ontologies containing several million concepts and relationships amongst them. It is shown that a concept's information content as calculated by this method provides additional information with respect to an ontology that cannot be approximated by hierarchical edge-counting or human insight. In addition, it is suggested that the method can be used for quality control within large ontologies.
Rumor Initiator Detection in Infected Signed Networks (2017)

In many cases, the information spread in an online network may not always be truthful or correct; such information corresponds to rumors. In recent years, signed networks have become increasingly popular because of their ability to represent diverse relationships such as friends, enemies, trust, and distrust. Signed networks are ideal for information flow in a network with varying beliefs (trust or distrust) about facts. In this paper, we will study the problem of influence analysis and diffusion models in signed networks and investigate the problem of rumor initiator detection, given the state of the network at a given moment in time. Conventional information diffusion models for unsigned networks cannot be applied to signed networks directly, and we show that the rumor initiator detection problem is NP-hard. We propose a new information diffusion model, referred to as asyMmetric Flipping Cascade (MFC), to model the propagation of information in signed networks. Based on MFC, a novel framework, Rumor Initiator Detector (RID), is introduced to determine the potential number and the identity of the rumor initiators from the state of the network at a given time. Extensive experiments conducted on real-world signed networks demonstrate that MFC works very well in modeling information diffusion in signed networks and RID can significantly outperform other comparison methods in identifying rumor initiators.
Scanning probe energy loss spectroscopy with microfabricated coaxial tips (2010)

We report scanning probe energy loss spectroscopy (SPELS) measurements of a graphite surface taken with microfabricated coaxial tips. The SPELS spectra of graphite obtained with a grounded coaxial tip show the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ plasmon peaks and intense secondary electron emission (SEE) peaks. In comparison, spectra taken with a simple Au cathode tip also showed the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ plasmon peaks but much weaker SEE peaks. The enhanced collection of secondary electrons enables the unoccupied band structure of the surface (i.e., above ${E}_{\text{vac}}$) to be explored.
Controlled bipolar doping in Cu3N (100) thin films (2014)

We have fabricated insulating, p- and n-type Cu3N(100) films on SrTiO3(100) by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. By controlling the Cu/N flux rate, p-type doping with 1018–1020 cm−3 in Cu-poor condition and n-type doping with 1019–1020 cm−3 in N-poor condition were obtained without introducing foreign species. Together with formation of insulating Cu3N films with an optical absorption coefficient of ∼105 cm−1 in the photon energy above ∼2.2 eV and an estimated indirect bandgap of ∼1.3 eV, the bipolar doping in Cu3N films would be promising for solar energy conversion applications.
Feasibility and Acute Safety Study of Radiofrequency Energy Delivery to the Vena Caval Wall Via an Inferior Vena Cava Filter in Swine (2019)

Retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are self-expanding metallic devices implanted in the IVC to prevent migration of thrombi from the deep veins of the legs and pelvis to the lungs. The risk of complications from the filters increases with duration of implantation, but retrieval may be difficult due to intimal hyperplasia around the components of the filter. In this study, the potential for delivery of radiofrequency (RF) energy to the IVC wall via the filter was investigated. IVC filters were deployed in 4 swine while attached to a snare connected to a 480 kHz RF generator. Energy ranging from 0 to 48 kJ was applied via the filter followed by re-sheathing and withdrawal of the filter while connected to a force measurement device. Resheathing forces for the 0-energy cohort and pooled data from the 6-24 kJ cohorts were 4.50±0.70 N and 4.50±0.75 N, respectively. Petechial hemorrhages and variable non-occlusive thrombi were noted in some cohorts including the 0-energy cohort, consistent with delivery and acute retrieval of an IVC filter. Histologically, the extent of RF-induced injury was subtle at 6 kJ with focal areas of homogenized collagen while the 12 kJ cohort showed segmental tissue charring with coagulation necrosis which was more extensive for the 24 kJ cohort. The 48 kJ energy caused more extensive and non-target organ damage. The study demonstrated feasibility of delivery of RF to the IVC wall via a deployed filter, supporting further study of the ability of local RF heating of the IVC wall to inhibit the neointimal hyperplasia or as an aid in retrieval.
Optoelectronic cell lysis (2014)

In this paper we show how the electrical lysis of cells can be controlled through the use of an optoelectronic device and describe how the lysis is affected by the size and shape of the cell as well as the geometry of the device and the light patterns used. By selectively illuminating a photoconductor “virtual electrodes” are created allowing the precise control of electrical fields onto the cell within the device, electrically rupturing their membranes and allowing access to intracellular contents. We examine this optically controlled electrical lysis method and discuss its advantages as a sample preparation technique.
Piperlongumine induces rapid depletion of the androgen receptor in human prostate cancer cells (2012)

Our investigation demonstrates for the first time that PL induces rapid depletion of the AR in PC cells. As such, PL may afford novel opportunities for both prevention and treatment of prostatic malignancy.
How to improve flow during cardiopulmonary bypass in an acardia experimental model (2012)

OBJECTIVES In extreme scenarios, such as hyperacute rejection of heart transplant, an urgent heart explantation might be necessary. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the feasibility and to improve the haemodynamics of a venoarterial cardiopulmonary bypass after cardiectomy. METHODS A venoarterial cardiopulmonary bypass was established in seven calves (56.4 ± 7 kg) by the transjugular insertion to the caval axis of a self-expanding cannula, with a carotid artery return. After baseline measurements (A), ventricular fibrillation was induced (B), great arteries were clamped (C), the heart was excised and the right and left atria remnants, containing the pulmonary veins, were sutured together leaving an atrial septal defect over the cannula in the caval axis (D). Measurements were taken with the pulmonary artery clamped and declamped. RESULTS Initial pump flow was 4.16 ± 0.75 l/min dropping to 2.9 ± 0.63 l/min (P(AB )< 0.001) 10 min after induction of ventricular fibrillation. After cardiectomy with the pulmonary artery clamped, the pump flow increased non-significantly to 3.20 ± 0.78 l/min. After declamping, the flow significantly increased close to baseline levels (3.61 ± 0.73 l/min, P(DB )= 0.009, P(DC )= 0.017), supporting the notion that full cardiopulmonary bypass in acardia is feasible only if adequate drainage of pulmonary circulation is assured to avoid pulmonary congestion and loss of volume from the left-to-right shunt of bronchial vessels.
Antibody to capsular polysaccharide enhances the function of neutrophils from patients with AIDS against Cryptococcus neoformans (1999)

Our results demonstrate that MAb18B7 selectively enhances the killing mechanisms of PMNL from HIV-infected patients against encapsulated C. neoformans. The availability of CD16 and CD64 molecules on PMNL plays a critical role.
GALANTAMINE IMPROVES SURVIVAL IN LETHAL ENDOTOXEMIA (2006)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a critical cytokine mediator of systemic inflammation, the hallmark of septic shock and other inflammatory disorders. We recently discovered that cholinergic signaling via electrical stimulation of the efferent vagus nerve inhibits systemic TNF production and attenuates the development of endotoxin-induced shock in rodents (Nature, 2002, 405:458). We also found that this "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" could be activated through a central, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent mechanism (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, in press). Here we tested the hypothesis that centrally-acting cholinergic drugs could be utilized to inhibit systemic inflammation. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine (1-4 mg/kg, i.p.), a centrally acting cholinergic enhancer injected 1 h prior to a lethal endotoxin dose (6 mg/kg) in mice dose-dependently inhibited serum TNF levels. Galantamine (4 mg/kg, i.p.) also significantly improved survival in lethal endotoxemia. Blockade of central, but not peripheral muscarinic receptors significantly abolished the TNF suppressing and survival improving effects of galantamine. Our findings identify the critical importance of central, cholinergic muscarinic activation in controlling systemic inflammation, and indicate the potential of galantamine as an antiinflammatory agent. This study was funded in part by NIH/NIGMS.
Gigabit-scale DRAM capacitor technology with high dielectric constant thin films by a novel conformal deposition technique (2002)

High dielectric constant Ba/sub 0.7/Sr/sub 0.3/TiO/sub 3/ (BST) thin films with excellent thickness uniformity, within 5%, and adequate structural properties across an 8 inch wafer, are prepared by a novel aerosol-driven and photo-enhanced conformal deposition technique. Storage capacitors fabricated with an ultrathin BST film which has the lowest equivalent SiO/sub 2/ thickness of 0.37 nm reported thus far, show that leakage current density is 2/spl times/10/sup -8/ A/cm/sup 2/ under an applied voltage of 2 V and unit capacitance is 95 fFspl mu/m/sup 2/. Combining these material properties with the proposed conformal deposition technique which is applicable for stacked cell structures, is very promising as key technologies for the future gigabit-scale DRAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Unified Multi-scale Feature Abstraction for Medical Image Segmentation (2019)

Automatic medical image segmentation, an essential component of medical image analysis, plays an importantrole in computer-aided diagnosis. For example, locating and segmenting the liver can be very helpful in livercancer diagnosis and treatment. The state-of-the-art models in medical image segmentation are variants ofthe encoder-decoder architecture such as fully convolutional network (FCN) and U-Net.1A major focus ofthe FCN based segmentation methods has been on network structure engineering by incorporating the latestCNN structures such as ResNet2and DenseNet.3In addition to exploring new network structures for efficientlyabstracting high level features, incorporating structures for multi-scale image feature extraction in FCN hashelped to improve performance in segmentation tasks. In this paper, we design a new multi-scale networkarchitecture, which takes multi-scale inputs with dedicated convolutional paths to efficiently combine featuresfrom different scales to better utilize the hierarchical information.
Photonic Explorers Based on Multifunctional Nanoplatforms: In Vitro and In Vivo Biomedical Applications (2007)

Photonic explorers for biomedical use with biologically localized embedding (PEBBLEs) have been developed to explore, image and monitor, microspectroscopically, live cell processes, with minimal physical and chemical interferences. The design, employing a nanoparticle made of a biologically inert matrix as a platform for loading the active molecular components by encapsulation or covalent attachment, is universal, flexible and allows for facile interchange of its components. The same design concept has been applied to build a multifunctional nanoplatform for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This nanoplatform has a polyacrylamide (PAA) core containing photosensitizers and MRI contrast agents, with a surface-coating consisting of both molecular targeting groups and polyethylene glycol (PEG), for the recognition of the tumor vasculature and for controllable particle residence time, respectively. The PEBBLEs have been successfully applied in vitro for intracellular measurements and imaging of important ionic and molecular species. In vivo studies in a rat 9L gliosarcoma model showed significant MRI contrast enhancement and photodynamic therapeutic efficacy with targeted nanoplatforms, demonstrating significant promise for their use as a combined therapeutic and diagnostic tool for cancer.
Optical cell tracking analysis using a straight-forward approach to minimize processing time for high frame rate data (2016)

Tracking of rolling cells via in vitro experiment is now commonly performed using customized computer programs. In most cases, two critical challenges continue to limit analysis of cell rolling data: long computation times due to the complexity of tracking algorithms and difficulty in accurately correlating a given cell with itself from one frame to the next, which is typically due to errors caused by cells that either come close in proximity to each other or come in contact with each other. In this paper, we have developed a sophisticated, yet simple and highly effective, rolling cell tracking system to address these two critical problems. This optical cell tracking analysis (OCTA) system first employs ImageJ for cell identification in each frame of a cell rolling video. A custom MATLAB code was written to use the geometric and positional information of all cells as the primary parameters for matching each individual cell with itself between consecutive frames and to avoid errors when tracking cells that come within close proximity to one another. Once the cells are matched, rolling velocity can be obtained for further analysis. The use of ImageJ for cell identification eliminates the need for high level MATLAB image processing knowledge. As a result, only fundamental MATLAB syntax is necessary for cell matching. OCTA has been implemented in the tracking of endothelial colony forming cell (ECFC) rolling under shear. The processing time needed to obtain tracked cell data from a 2 min ECFC rolling video recorded at 70 frames per second with a total of over 8000 frames is less than 6 min using a computer with an Intel® Core™ i7 CPU 2.80 GHz (8 CPUs). This cell tracking system benefits cell rolling analysis by substantially reducing the time required for post-acquisition data processing of high frame rate video recordings and preventing tracking errors when individual cells come in close proximity to one another.