gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 2 from IL-18 Induces PD-1–Dependent Immunosuppression in Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from IL-18 Induces PD-1–Dependent Immunosuppression in Cancer
Engineered Peptides for Nanohybrid Assemblies (2014)

Inspired by biological material synthesis, synthetic biomineralization peptides have been screened through a laboratory evolution using biocombinatorial techniques. In this study, using the fine examples in nature, silica binding peptides and gold binding peptides were fused together to form a hybrid peptide. We designed fusion peptides with different gold binding and silica binding parts. First, we have tested the binding capability of the fusion peptides using quartz crystal microbalance on gold surface and silica surface. Second, S1G1 hybrid peptide enabled assembly of gold nanoparticles on a silica surface was achieved. Finally, nanomaterial synthesis ability of the S1G1 peptide was presented by the formation of a silica film on a gold surface. In this study, we are presenting a hybrid peptide tool for nanohybrid assembly as a promising route for nanotechnology applications.
Study of optical fiber structures using atomic force microscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy (1996)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) were used to study optical fiber structures. The refractive index profile of fiber was disclosed by surface topography of etched fiber endface using a AFM. The difference of refractive index was resolved to 1 X 10<SUP>-6</SUP>. Near-field optical intensity distribution at fiber endface has been successfully measured by a tapping-mode force regulated SNOM. Combination of tapping-mode AFM and SNOM allowed us to image both refractive index and near-field intensity structures of fibers simultaneously. The correlation between waveguide structures and near-field propagating modes was directly provided by this novel method. Results of single mode fibers and fibers with anisotropic structures illustrated the usefulness of this technique.
A MATLAB Vectorizing Compiler Targeting Application-Specific Instruction Set Processors (2017)

This article discusses a MATLAB-to-C vectorizing compiler that exploits custom instructions, for example, for Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) processing and instructions for complex arithmetic present in Application-Specific Instruction Set Processors (ASIPs). Custom instructions are represented via specialized intrinsic functions in the generated code, and the generated code can be used as input to any C/C++ compiler supporting the target processor. Furthermore, the specialized instruction set of the target processor is described in a parameterized way using a target processor-independent architecture description approach, thus allowing the support of any processor. The compiler has been used for the generation of application code for two different ASIPs for several benchmarks. The code generated by the compiler achieves a speedup between 2× --74× and 2× --97× compared to the code generated by the MathWorks MATLAB-to-C compiler. Experimental results also prove that the compiler efficiently exploits SIMD custom instructions achieving a 3.3 factor speedup compared to cases where no SIMD processing is used. Thus the compiler can be employed to reduce the development time/effort/cost and time to market through raising the abstraction of application design in an embedded systems/system-on-chip development context.
C-Glycoside phosphoramidite building block for versatile functionalization of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1997)

A chiral non-nucleosidic phosphoramidite building block containing a thioester function in its structure, 4, is synthesized in six steps starting from ‘2-deoxy-D-ribose’. It is used in the machine-assisted oligonucleotide synthesis in a conventional manner. Upon completion of the oligonucleotide chain assembly the thioester bond is cleaved with various nucleophiles (hydroxide ion, propane-1,3-diamine, cystamine, histamine), resulting in oligonucleotide conjugates with a tether group in the middle of the oligonucleotide chain.
Methods for testing nuclear power plant cables (2013)

Nearly all of the operating U.S. commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs) are seeking, or have already received, license renewal from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). As such, the nuclear industry is directing increased attention toward ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the various working components in NPPs, including the thousands of miles of power and signal cables that tie together complex plant systems. Because wholesale cable replacement is not an affordable option for aging NPPs, in-situ techniques for assessing the condition of installed cables are of critical importance. The goal of the research presented in this report is to refine existing techniques and to develop novel cable monitoring and testing methods for new and aging NPPs in the U.S. and worldwide.
Spectroscopic study of intraminiband and interminiband tunneling in finite superlattices (1995)

We present a tunneling density-of-states study of transport between minibands in a series of ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As superlattice structures. We observe the eigenstates of the finite superlattice systems below the Stark localization threshold by tunneling spectroscopy. The tunneling spectroscopy agrees well with self-consistent Thomas-Fermi calculations. The eigenstate strengths are observed to thermally broaden as expected, and evidence for longitudinal-optical-phonon replicas of the eigenstate structure is presented.
Epithelial stem cell culture: modeling human disease and applications for regenerative medicine (2017)

The inability to maintain the immaturity of stem cell populations in vitro restricts the long-term expansion of various types of human epithelial stem cells. However, recent technical advances in epithelial stem cell culture have led to the development of novel in vitro strategies for regenerating epithelial tissues and for closely mimicking human diseases such as cancer and inflammation. Specifically, improvements in culture conditions provided by small molecules in combination with three-dimensional (3D) culture approaches have facilitated the establishment of in vitro systems that recapitulate biological properties in epithelial organs, and these systems may be used to model disease. In this review article, we describe the biological significance of technical improvements in the development of these methods, focusing on human epithelial cells, including stratified and columnar epithelial cells. We also discuss the potential and future perspectives of this technology, which is only beginning to be explored.
Bandwidth management and delay control over EPONs (2005)

Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) address the first mile of the communication infrastructure between the service provider central offices and the customer sites. As a low-cost, high-speed technology, EPONs are deemed as the solution to the bottleneck problem of the broadband access network. This paper proposes a dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme to control the data delay over the EPON upstream channel. The theoretical analysis of the average delay and the delay reduction, in conjunction with the extensive simulations, demonstrates that our scheme provides effective data delay control over EPONs.
Genomic Evolutionary Patterns of Leiomyosarcoma and Liposarcoma (2019)

From a genomic perspective, leiomyosarcoma metastases contain genetic alterations that are also found in primary tumors. WDLPS and DDLPS, however, appear to divergently evolve from a common precursor harboring 12q amplification, rather than as a transformation to a higher-grade tumor. Further efforts to identify specific drivers of these distinct evolutionary patterns may inform future translational and clinical research in STS.
Distortion Element Estimation Technique based on Deep Learning for Self-Interference Cancellation of Full Duplex Communication System (2019)

This paper presents the deep learning-based distortion element estimation technique of self-interference signal for DOCSIS 3.1 system with full duplex. In the DOCSIS 3.1 system with full duplex, the self-interference signal estimation and cancellation are the most important issues to enhance the system performance. Proposed technique estimates channel and nonlinear element of self-interference signal by using deep learning method. The practical challenge of application of deep learning technique to communication system is that it is difficult to find proper deep neural network structure for a specific purpose of the system. The proposed estimation technique uses simple deep neural network structure to estimate channel and nonlinear element of self-interference signal in time-domain. The evaluation results of the deep learning-based proposed technique is better than that of existing algorithm-based estimation technique.
Phenacyl–Thiophene and Quinone Semiconductors Designed for Solution Processability and Air‐Stability in High Mobility n‐Channel Field‐Effect Transistors (2009)

Electron-transporting organic semiconductors (n-channel) for field-effect transistors (FETs) that are processable in common organic solvents or exhibit air-stable operation are rare. This investigation addresses both these challenges through rational molecular design and computational predictions of n-channel FET air-stability. A series of seven phenacyl-thiophene-based materials are reported incorporating systematic variations in molecular structure and reduction potential. These compounds are as follows: 5,5'''-bis(perfluorophenylcarbonyl)-2,2':5',- 2'':5'',2'''-quaterthiophene (1), 5,5'''-bis(phenacyl)-2,2':5',2'': 5'',2'''-quaterthiophene (2), poly[5,5'''-(perfluorophenac-2-yl)-4',4''-dioctyl-2,2':5',2'':5'',2'''-quaterthiophene) (3), 5,5'''-bis(perfluorophenacyl)-4,4'''-dioctyl-2,2':5',2'':5'',2'''-quaterthiophene (4), 2,7-bis((5-perfluorophenacyl)thiophen-2-yl)-9,10-phenanthrenequinone (5), 2,7-bis[(5-phenacyl)thiophen-2-yl]-9,10-phenanthrenequinone (6), and 2,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-9,10-phenanthrenequinone, (7). Optical and electrochemical data reveal that phenacyl functionalization significantly depresses the LUMO energies, and introduction of the quinone fragment results in even greater LUMO stabilization. FET measurements reveal that the films of materials 1, 3, 5, and 6 exhibit n-channel activity. Notably, oligomer 1 exhibits one of the highest mu(e) (up to approximately = 0.3 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) values reported to date for a solution-cast organic semiconductor; one of the first n-channel polymers, 3, exhibits mu(e) approximately = 10(-6) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) in spin-cast films (mu(e)=0.02 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for drop-cast 1:3 blend films); and rare air-stable n-channel material 5 exhibits n-channel FET operation with mu(e)=0.015 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), while maintaining a large I(on:off)=10(6) for a period greater than one year in air. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 reveal close herringbone interplanar pi-stacking distances (3.50 and 3.43 A, respectively), whereas the structure of the model quinone compound, 7, exhibits 3.48 A cofacial pi-stacking in a slipped, donor-acceptor motif.
Pressure-driven separation of DNA by using self-enclosed integrated glass nanocapllary (2017)

A silicon chip featuring self-enclosed integrated glass nanocapillaries at a length scale of 5 cm is demonstrated for the hydrodynamic chromatography of DNA. The integrated nanocapillaries offer exceptional performance, delivering a fast separation (3 min) at a high plate number (162 000 plates/m). These advantages are ascribed to the cylindrical geometry that exhibits less axial dispersions unlike of the rectangular profile, and a smooth surface finish by a thermal reflow process unlike of a typical etch. It should be noted that the nanocapillaries are achieved highly uniform in radius (600 nm) over a great length scale (5 cm) using a batch-fabricated process that relies on a low-resolution high-throughput lithography.
Learning Gaze Transitions from Depth to Improve Video Saliency Estimation (2016)

In this paper we introduce a novel Depth-Aware Video Saliency approach to predict human focus of attention when viewing RGBD videos on regular 2D screens. We train a generative convolutional neural network which predicts a saliency map for a frame, given the fixation map of the previous frame. Saliency estimation in this scenario is highly important since in the near future 3D video content will be easily acquired and yet hard to display. This can be explained, on the one hand, by the dramatic improvement of 3D-capable acquisition equipment. On the other hand, despite the considerable progress in 3D display technologies, most of the 3D displays are still expensive and require wearing special glasses. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we present a new comprehensive database of eye-fixation ground-truth for RGBD videos. Our experiments indicate that integrating depth into video saliency calculation is beneficial. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods for video saliency, achieving 15% relative improvement.
Nonlinear Emission of Quinolizinium-Based Dyes with Application in Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (2014)

Charged molecules based on the quinolizinum cation have potential applications as labels in fluorescence imaging in biological media under nonlinear excitation. A systematic study of the linear and nonlinear photophysics of derivatives of the quinolizinum cation substituted by either dimethylaniline or methoxyphenyl electron donors is performed. The effects of donor strength, conjugation length, and symmetry in the two-photon emission efficiency are analyzed in detail. The best performing nonlinear fluorophore, with two-photon absorption cross sections of 1140 GM and an emission quantum yield of 0.22, is characterized by a symmetric D-π-A(+)-π-D architecture based on the methoxyphenyl substituent. Application of this molecule as a fluorescent marker in optical microscopy of living cells revealed that, under favorable conditions, the fluorophore can be localized in the cytoplasmatic compartment of the cell, staining vesicular shape organelles. At higher dye concentrations and longer staining times, the fluorophore can also penetrate into the nucleus. The nonlinearly excited fluorescence lifetime imaging shows that the fluorophore lifetime is sensitive to its location in the different cell compartments. Using fluorescence lifetime microscopy, a multicolor map of the cell is drafted with a single dye.
Polarized Lanthanum Target for the T-violation Search in Slow Neutron Transmission (2020)

The $\mathrm{Nd}^{3+}$ doped $\mathrm{LaAlO}_3$ crystal is a good candidate of a polarized $^{139}\mathrm{La}$ target for the search of the P-odd and T-odd interaction in the low-energy neutron absorption of $^{139}\mathrm{La}$. As the first step for realizing the polarized $^{139}\mathrm{La}$ target, we grow the undoped $\mathrm{LaAlO}_3$ crystal and the $\mathrm{La}_{1-x}\mathrm{Nd}_x\mathrm{AlO}_3$ ($x=5 \times 10^{-4}$) crystal by floating-zone method with four halogen lamps. The ESR measurements of $\mathrm{Nd}^{3+}$ in the latter crystal indicated that the linewidth was about 6 gauss, whose value is the same as the crystal in which 50 % $^{139}\mathrm{La}$ polarization was achieved in the previous DNP experiment. As the result, the crystals grown by this method can be applicable to the target study for the T-violation search.
A direct time-of-flight image sensor with in-pixel surface detection and dynamic vision (2022)

3D flash LIDAR is an alternative to the traditional scanning LIDAR systems, promising precise depth imaging in a compact form factor, and free of moving parts, for applications such as self-driving cars, robotics and augmented reality (AR). Typically implemented using single-photon, direct time-of-flight (dToF) receivers in image sensor format, the operation of the devices can be hindered by the large number of photon events needing to be processed and compressed in outdoor scenarios, limiting frame rates and scalability to larger arrays. We here present a 64x32 pixel (256x128 SPAD) dToF imager that overcomes these limitations by using pixels with embedded histogramming, which lock onto and track the return signal. This reduces the size of output data frames considerably, enabling maximum frame rates in the 10 kFPS range or 100 kFPS for direct depth readings. The sensor offers selective readout of pixels detecting surfaces, or those sensing motion, leading to reduced power consumption and off-chip processing requirements. We demonstrate the application of the sensor in mid-range LIDAR.
Matching of curvilinear structures : application to the identification of cortical sulci on 3D Magnetic Resonance Brain Image (1994)

International audience
Making ammonia from nitrogen and water microdroplets (2023)

Water (H<sub>2</sub>O) microdroplets are sprayed onto a magnetic iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and Nafion-coated graphite mesh using compressed N<sub>2</sub> or air as the nebulizing gas. The resulting splash of microdroplets enters a mass spectrometer and is found to contain ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>). This gas-liquid-solid heterogeneous catalytic system synthesizes ammonia in 0.2 ms. The conversion rate reaches 32.9 ± 1.38 nmol s<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> at room temperature without application of an external electric potential and without irradiation. Water microdroplets are the hydrogen source for N<sub>2</sub> in contact with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Hydrazine (H<sub>2</sub>NNH<sub>2</sub>) is also observed as a by-product and is suspected to be an intermediate in the formation of ammonia. This one-step nitrogen-fixation strategy to produce ammonia is eco-friendly and low cost, which converts widely available starting materials into a value-added product.
Multi-view Image-based Hand Geometry Refinement using Differentiable Monte Carlo Ray Tracing (2021)

The amount and quality of datasets and tools available in the research field of hand pose and shape estimation act as evidence to the significant progress that has been made.However, even the datasets of the highest quality, reported to date, have shortcomings in annotation. We propose a refinement approach, based on differentiable ray tracing,and demonstrate how a high-quality publicly available, multi-camera dataset of hands(InterHand2.6M) can become an even better dataset, with respect to annotation quality. Differentiable ray tracing has not been employed so far to relevant problems and is hereby shown to be superior to the approximative alternatives that have been employed in the past. To tackle the lack of reliable ground truth, as far as quantitative evaluation is concerned, we resort to realistic synthetic data, to show that the improvement we induce is indeed significant. The same becomes evident in real data through visual evaluation.
Functionalized linear low-density polyethylene by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (2012)

Functionalized linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) samples containing basic functional groups (cyano, primary amino-, or secondary amino-) were synthesized through the ring-opening metathesis terpolymerization of cyclooctene (COE), 5-n-hexyl-1-cyclooctene (HexCOE), and a functionalized cyclooctene (FCOE), followed by hydrogenation of the polymer backbone and deprotection of any requisite protecting group. Homopolymerization of the cyano- and tert-butoxycarbonyl (tBOC) protected amino-functionalized COEs using the Grubbs second-generation catalyst quantitatively afforded polymers having the corresponding functional groups along the polymer backbone. The terpolymerizations proceeded readily and the number of n-hexyl branches, number of functional groups, and molar mass of the polymer, could be controlled by the feed molar ratio of the monomers.
Uncoupling of in-vitro identity of embryonic limb derived skeletal progenitors and their in-vivo bone forming potential (2019)

The healing of large bone defects remains a major unmet medical need. Our developmental engineering approach consists of the in vitro manufacturing of a living cartilage tissue construct that upon implantation forms bone by recapitulating an endochondral ossification process. Key to this strategy is the identification of the cells to produce such cartilage intermediates efficiently. We applied a cell selection strategy based on published skeletal stem cell markers using mouse embryonic limb cartilage as cell source and analysed their potential to form bone in an in vivo ectopic assay. FGF2 supplementation to the culture media for expansion blocked dedifferentiation of the embryonic cartilage cells in culture and enriched for stem cells and progenitors as quantified using the recently published CD marker set. However, when the stem cells and progenitors were fractionated from expanded embryonic cartilage cells and assessed in the ectopic assay, a major loss of bone forming potential was observed. We conclude that cell expansion appears to affect the association between cell identity based on CD markers and in vivo bone forming capacity.
Stochastic interconnect network fan-out distribution using Rent's rule (2002)

Based on Rent's rule, a well-established empirical relationship, a rigorous derivation of the fan-out distribution for random logic networks is performed. Then the maximum fan-out, total number of nets and the average fan-out are presented using the closed form equation of the fan-out distribution. Through comparison with actual product data, it is shown that the model successfully predicts the fan-out distribution of a random logic network.
Sinusoidally modulated reactance surface approach for spoof plasmon radiation (2016)

In this paper we employ the theory of sinusoidally modulated reactance surfaces (SMRSs) to enable leaky wave antennas (LWAs) capable of converting spoof plasmons (SPs) to radiating modes. SPs are surface waves excited along engineered metallic corrugated surfaces and their dispersion properties closely resemble those of the well-known optical surface plasmon polaritons. By judiciously modifying the depth of the grooves along a corrugated metallic surface the structure is engineered such that it exhibits a sinusoidally modulated reactance profile. In this way, the guided SPs can efficiently couple into free-space radiating modes under the proper conditions.
Resolution and LWR improvements by acid diffusion control in EUV lithography (2009)

A series of photoacid generator (PAG) with different anion size have been synthesized in order to investigate effects of diffusion length on exposure latitude (EL), resolution and line-width roughness (LWR) under EB and EUV exposure. Diffusion length measurement of these PAGs using a model bi-layer experiment revealed that acid diffusion length could be significantly reduced from 1.1 x 10<sup>3</sup> nm to 13.5 nm at PEB of 120 &deg;C for 90 sec by utilizing the PAG having the biggest anchor group into anion. According to the suppression of acid diffusion, EL for both dense line and isolated line were well improved with maintaining high sensitivity under EB exposure. On the other hand, the relation between sensitivity and LWR were not improved at all. The same trend was also observed under EUV exposure. It is noteworthy that resolution was significantly improved by utilizing the PAG that shows the shortest acid diffusion length. As a result, relation between resolution and LWR was improved, and the Z-factor, which represents resist performance quantitatively, were also improved with the range from 9 % to 51 % by utilizing the PAG with shortest diffusion length into various resist formulations.