gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pigment Production on L-Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans (2014)

In recent years strains previously grouped within Cryptococcus neoformans have been divided into two species C. neoformans and C. gattii, with Cryptococcus neoformans comprising serotypes A, D, and AD and C. gattii comprising serotypes B and C. Cryptococcus neoformans have also been subdivided into two varieties C. neoformans var. grubii, serotype A, and C. neoformans var. neoformans, serotype D. We analyzed the growth and pigment production characteristics of 139 strains of Cryptococcus spp. in L-tryptophan containing media. Nearly all strains of Cryptococcus, including each variety and serotype tested produced a pink water-soluble pigment (molecular weight of 535.2 Da) from L-tryptophan. Consequently, the partial separation of the species was based on whether the pink pigment was secreted into the medium (extracellular) or retained as an intracellular pigment. On L-tryptophan medium C. neoformans var. grubii and serotype AD produced a pink extracellular pigment. In contrast, for C. gattii, the pink pigment was localized intracellularly and masked by heavy production of brown pigments. Pigment production by C. neoformans var. neoformans was variable with some strains producing the pink extracellular pigment and others retained the pink pigment intracellularly. The pink intracellular pigment produced by strains of C. neoformans var. neoformans was masked by production of brown pigments. Cryptococcus laccase mutants failed to produce pigments from L-tryptophan. This is the first report that the enzyme laccase is involved in tryptophan metabolism. Prior to this report Cryptococcus laccase produced melanin or melanin like-pigments from heterocyclic compounds that contained ortho or para diphenols, diaminobenzenes and aminophenol compounds. The pigments produced from L-tryptophan were not melanin.
Two different features of ZnO: Transparent ZnO:Ga electrodes for InGaN-LEDs and homoepitaxial ZnO films for UV-LEDs (2006)

We have used molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to deposit gallium (Ga) doped ZnO (ZnO:Ga) films. The as-deposited ZnO:Ga films have worked as ohmic contacts for the p-type GaN layers without any kinds of post annealing process. The as-deposited ZnO:Ga films on <i>a</i>-plane sapphire substrates have resistivities of 2-4×10<sup>-4</sup> &#937;cm, and over 80 % transparency in the near-UV and visible wavelength regions. The brightness of InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with ZnO:Ga <i>p</i>-contacts has doubled compared to LEDs with conventional Ni/Au semi-transparent p-contacts when measuring the brightness from right above the device surfaces. In addition, using MBE, we have grown homoepitaxial polar ZnO films on (000+1)-plane (+c-plane) ZnO substrates, and also grown non-polar ZnO films on (1-100)-plane (<i>m</i>-plane) and (11-20)-plane (<i>a</i>-plane) ZnO substrates. Growth temperatures have not affected nitrogen-doping levels for +c-axis oriented (Zn-polar) nitrogen doped ZnO (ZnO:N) films. The phenomena were quite different from that for (000-1)-axis (-<i>c</i>-axis) oriented (oxygen-polar) growth, where nitrogen concentrations in ZnO decrease with increasing growth temperatures. We have observed <i>c</i>-axis direction growth for both of <i>m</i>-axis and <i>a</i>-axis oriented films. Oxygen-rich growth conditions flatten surfaces for both <i>m</i>-axis and <i>a</i>-axis oriented films, and the surfaces of <i>m</i>-axis oriented ZnO films flatten with increasing growth temperatures. Nitrogen concentrations in <i>m</i>-axis oriented ZnO:N films have been independent on growth temperatures.
Platelet‐predominate gene expression and reticulated platelets in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Effect of pulmonary veins isolation (2018)

NVAF is associated with notable downregulation of genes directing platelet production and size but increased RP content. PVI impacts the expression of many of these genes, implying a direct relationship between atrial fibrillation and platelet biogenesis.
Synthese von Δ8‐Tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]pyran‐6‐onen und ihre Aminolyse zu Δ8‐Tetrahydrophenanthridin‐6‐onen (1976)

Abstract Die Tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]pyran‐6‐one 1a‐d lassen sich durch Ätherspaltung der Dimethoxyarylverbindungen 2a‐d mit Kaliumthiophenolat gewinnen. Durch Einwirkung von Methylamin auf 1 a‐c bei höherer Temperatur entstehen die Tetrahydrophenanthridin‐6‐one 4a‐c ; diese Umsetzung ist auch bei den 3,4‐disubstituierten Cumarinen 7a‐b möglich.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations to inform dissolution specifications and clinical relevance of release rates on elagolix exposure (2022)

The aim of this analysis was to use a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the impact of changes in dissolution rates on elagolix exposures and define clinically relevant acceptance criteria for dissolution. Varying in vitro dissolution profiles were utilized in a PBPK model to describe the absorption profiles of elagolix formulations used in Phase 3 clinical trials and for the to be marketed commercial formulations. Single dose studies of 200 mg elagolix formulations were used for model verification under fasted conditions. Additional dissolution scenarios were evaluated to assess the impact of dissolution rates on elagolix exposures. Compared to the Phase 3 clinical trial formulation, sensitivity analysis on dissolution rates suggested that a hypothetical scenario of ∼75% slower dissolution rate would result in 14% lower predicted elagolix plasma exposures, however, the predicted exposures are still within the bioequivalence boundaries of 0.8-1.25 for both C<sub>max</sub> and AUC. A clinically verified PBPK model of elagolix was utilized to evaluate the impact of wider dissolution specifications on elagolix plasma exposures. The simulation results indicated that a slower in vitro dissolution profile, would not have a clinically significant impact on elagolix exposures. These model results informed the setting of wider dissolution specifications without requiring in vivo studies.
Progress in efficiency-optimized high-power diode lasers (2013)

High-power diode lasers are highly efficient sources of optical energy for industrial and defense applications, either directly or as pump sources for solid state or fiber lasers. We review here how advances in diode laser design and device technology have enabled the performance to be continuously improved. An overview is presented of recent progress at JENOPTIK in the development of commercial diode lasers optimized for peak performance, robust high-yield manufacture and long lifetimes. These diode lasers are tailored to simultaneously operate with reduced vertical carrier leakage, low thermal and electrical resistance and low optical losses. In this way, the highest electro-optical efficiencies are sustained to high currents. For example, 940-nm bars with high fill factor are shown to deliver continuous wave (CW) output powers of 280 W with conversion efficiency of &lt; 60%. These bars have a vertical far field angle with 95% power content of just 40&deg;. In addition, 955-nm single emitters with 90μm stripe width deliver 12 W CW output with power conversion efficiency at the operating point of 69%. In parallel, the Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH) is working to enable the next generation of high power diode lasers, by determining the key limitations to performance and by pioneering new technologies to address these limits. An overview of recent studies at the FBH will therefore also be presented. Examples will include structures with further reduced far field angles, higher lateral beam quality and increased peak power and efficiency. Prospects for further performance improvement will be discussed.
Rat Oocyte Tissue Plasminogen Activator Is a Catalytically Efficient Enzyme in the Absence of Fibrin (1989)

Rat oocytes synthesize tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in response to stimuli which initiate meiotic maturation. Purified tPA exhibits optimal activity only in the presence of fibrin or fibrin substitutes. Because oocytes are not exposed to fibrin in situ, we investigated the possible stimulation of rat oocyte tPA activity by other endogenous factor(s). Oocytes were obtained from immature female rats which were induced to ovulate with gonadotropins. tPA activity was measured by the plasminogen-dependent cleavage of a chromogenic substrate. Measurements of kinetic parameters with Glu- or Lys-plasminogen revealed a Km for the rat oocyte enzyme of 1.3-2.1 microM compared with 23-24 microM for purified human tPA. Inclusion of the soluble fibrin substitute polylysine lowered the Km of human tPA by 30-fold (0.8 microM) but had no effect on the oocyte tPA Km. Polylysine had no significant effect on the Vmax values. The rate of plasminogen activation catalyzed by oocyte tPA was increased only 4.3-fold by fibrin while fibrin stimulated purified human tPA activity by 15.2-fold. After fractionation of oocyte extract by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, polylysine enhanced oocyte tPA activity as seen by casein zymography. tPA activity in the conditioned medium of a rat insulinoma cell line was also not stimulated with polylysine prior to fractionation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These data suggest that extravascular cells which elaborate tPA may produce stimulatory factor(s) which allow for full tPA activity at physiological concentrations of plasminogen in the absence of fibrin.
Discrete Photopatternable π-Conjugated Oligomers for Electrochromic Devices (2008)

Three discrete oligomeric systems including an all-thiophene ( T6) system, a thiophene/phenylene ( TPTTPT) system, and a thiophene/EDOT/phenylene ( TPEEPT) system have been constructed and characterized with emphasis on structural, optical, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical properties. For all three chromophores, the radical cation, the dication, and the pi-dimer have been identified and characterized. EPR spectroscopy reveals that the radical cations of TPTTPT and TPEEPT have g values of 2.008-2.012 and peak-to-peak widths in the range 4.2-5.3 G. Formation of the radical cation takes place at a lower potential for TPEEPT than for TPTTPT and T6, whereas subsequent oxidation to the dication occurs more easily for TPTTPT than for TPEEPT and T6. We ascribe this observation to more localized charges in the oxidized species of TPEEPT, which is supported by our finding that the radical cation of TPEEPT is less prone to undergo pi-dimerization than the radical cations of TPTTPT and T6. All the oxidized species are sufficiently stable to allow for optical characterization, and the relative positions of all absorption bands are found to be in agreement with the electrochemical data. For further solid-state modifications of these materials, we have effectively modified the synthetic design and grafted terminal functionalities (e.s. acrylates) onto the discrete oligomers. Of these novel materials, TPEEPT proves to be the most promising anodically coloring material for electrochromics, and it undergoes reversible switching between two different colored states (bright yellow and clear blue) and one almost transparent and color neutral state. Contrast ratios, measured as Delta% T at lambda max, are as high as 62.5%, and switching times are in the range 2-5 s for the coloration process, though significantly longer for the bleaching process. As a proof of concept, we have successfully constructed a simple photopatterned electrochromic device by exploiting the terminal acrylate functionalities of the oligomers in a UV-initiated cross-linking process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first oligomer-based photopatterned electrochromic device reported in the literature.
[2 + 2] Photocycloadditions in the Synthesis of Chiral Molecules (1985)

A strategy for the synthesis of chiral molecules that receives growing popularity among organic chemists employs the photochemically mediated [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. These reactions can be performed on a multigram scale and often proceed with high yield and with stereocontrol. These features, in combination with the useful properties of the four-membered ring photoproducts in subsequent chemical transformations, make them attractive options in the early stage of a synthesis design. Various combinations of unsaturated functional groups can participate in this reaction process. Accordingly, these chemical reactions can be economical solutions to problems relating to the synthesis of a variety of target molecules.
An acellular bioresorbable ultra-purified alginate gel promotes intervertebral disc repair: A preclinical proof-of-concept study (2018)

The present results indicate the safety and efficacy of UPAL gels in a large animal model and suggest that these gels represent a novel therapeutic strategy after discectomy in cases of lumbar IVD herniation. FUND: Grant-in-Aid for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, and the Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Fracture Stimulation Optimization in Horizontal Cardium Completions (2011)

Abstract The Cretaceous Cardium formation has been produced since the early 1950’s. The Cardium is a sandstone that can exhibit a wide range in permeability. This is due to the diversity of the depositional environment creating deposits that can vary from siltstone, fine grained sandstone to conglomerate. The formation is laterally extensive across western Alberta. Secondary recovery in the form of water flooding has been ongoing in the core area since the 1960’s allowing production into the twenty first century. However, it wasn’t until the application of horizontal drilling and multi-stage completion techniques that the vast reserves in the poorer quality areas could be economically produced. This paper discusses the initial phase of an optimization process used to increase production and net present value in Cardium completions through the application of reservoir modeling, optimized fracture spacing and the application of a solids-free viscoelastic fracturing fluid. The new approach provides higher production rates and accelerated flowback compared to the gelled oil system previously employed. In addition to the previous two points, the economics are further enhanced by the elimination of the substantial cost of oil used in gelled oil stimulations.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Synthesis of (‐)‐Deoxypodophyllotoxin (X). (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Network Organization of Interstitial Connective Tissue Cells in the Human Endolymphatic Duct (2003)

The human endolymphatic duct (ED) and sac of the inner ear have been suggested to control endolymph volume and pressure. However, the physiological mechanisms for these processes remain obscure. We investigated the organization of the periductal interstitial connective tissue cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) in four freshly fixed human EDs by transmission electron microscopy and by immunohistochemistry. The unique surgical material allowed a greatly improved structural and epitopic preservation of tissue. Periductal connective tissue cells formed frequent intercellular contacts and focally occurring electron-dense contacts to ECM structures, creating a complex tissue network. The connective tissue cells also formed contacts with the basal lamina of the ED epithelium and the bone matrix, connecting the ED with the surrounding bone of the vestibular aqueduct. The interstitial connective tissue cells were non-endothelial and non-smooth muscle fibroblastoid cells. We suggest that the ED tissue network forms a functional mechanical entity that takes part in the control of inner ear fluid pressure and endolymph resorption.
Electric Field Navigated 1-Hz rTMS for Poststroke Motor Recovery: The E-FIT Randomized Controlled Trial (2023)

gov; Unique identifier: NCT03010462.
Constrained Capacities in Log-Normal Channels with Site Diversity at Ka Band (2010)

This paper considers the use of site diversity to mitigate rain effects. It uses information theoretic tools to compute the constrained capacity of log-normally distributed rain-fading channels in the Ka band (20-30 GHz) in which practical constellations, such as those found in the DVB-S2 standard are used, as opposed to the Gaussian distribution assumed for the input signal in Shannon capacity calculations. To the authors' knowledge, this has not been done before. Two types of rain environments are considered: a tropical environment and a fairly dry European environment. The results of such an approach can help the satellite planner determine the utility of site diversity and determine realistic upper limits for the throughput of a satellite link given the statistics of rain fades experienced by the link. This paper describes this information theoretic approach to determining the benefits of diversity and gives the gains in outage capacity due to diversity for a tropical rain region and a fairly dry rain region under the constraint that practical constellations are transmitted.
Normal dispersion, Polarization-maintaining Erbium Doped Fiber for Short Pulse Amplification (2010)

We propose normal dispersion polarization-maintaining Erbium doped fibers (EDFs) for short pulse amplification reducing nonlinearity and optimizing chromatic dispersion simultaneously. Evaluations of the EDFs in short pulse amplification are shown.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived TSC2 -Haploinsufficient Smooth Muscle Cells Recapitulate Features of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (2017)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive destructive neoplasm of the lung associated with inactivating mutations in the <i>TSC1</i> or <i>TSC2</i> tumor suppressor genes. Cell or animal models that accurately reflect the pathology of LAM have been challenging to develop. Here, we generated a robust human cell model of LAM by reprogramming <i>TSC2</i> mutation-bearing fibroblasts from a patient with both tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and LAM (TSC-LAM) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), followed by selection of cells that resemble those found in LAM tumors by unbiased <i>in vivo</i> differentiation. We established expandable cell lines under smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth conditions that retained a patient-specific genomic <i>TSC2</i><sup>+/-</sup> mutation and recapitulated the molecular and functional characteristics of pulmonary LAM cells. These include multiple indicators of hyperactive mTORC1 signaling, presence of specific neural crest and SMC markers, expression of VEGF-D and female sex hormone receptors, reduced autophagy, and metabolic reprogramming. Intriguingly, the LAM-like features of these cells suggest that haploinsufficiency at the <i>TSC2</i> locus contributes to LAM pathology, and demonstrated that iPSC reprogramming and SMC lineage differentiation of somatic patient cells with germline mutations was a viable approach to generate LAM-like cells. The patient-derived SMC lines we have developed thus represent a novel cellular model of LAM that can advance our understanding of disease pathogenesis and develop therapeutic strategies against LAM. <i>Cancer Res; 77(20); 5491-502. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Drift mobility of electrons in AlGaN/GaN MOSHFET (2001)

The dependence of electron mobility μn on sheet electron concentration in the channel has been measured for the first time in AlGaN/GaN MOSHFETs. The maximum value of μn ≃ 1400 cm2/Vs observed at ns = 7 × 1012 cm-2, is very close to the value derived from Hall measurements made on the same wafer. As the gate-bias voltage VG approaches the threshold value VT (VG → VT), the measured value of μn is ~100 cm2/Vs. This is very close to the value of electron mobility in a bulk GaN layer. The mechanism controlling the mobility against sheet-carrier density dependence is discussed.
Correlation between electrical accident parameters and sustained injury (2002)

While there has been a substantial reduction in major electrical injuries as a result of safe work practice guidelines and engineering advances, considerable improvement is still possible to reduce the incidence and severity of electrical trauma. Here the correlation of how an electrical accident occurs, the exposures at the accident scene and the possible injuries and outcomes provides information to support consideration of safe work practices.
Purification and characterisation of recombinant His-tagged RgpB gingipain from Porphymonas gingivalis (2015)

Gingipain proteases are important virulence factors from the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and are the target of many in vitro studies. Due to their close biochemical properties, purification of individual gingipains is difficult and requires multiple chromatographic steps. In this study, we demonstrate that insertion of a hexahistidine affinity tag upstream of a C-terminal outer membrane translocation signal in RgpB gingipain leads to the secretion of a soluble, mature form of RgpB bearing the affinity tag that can easily be purified by nickel-chelating affinity chromatography. The final product obtained high yielding high purity is biochemically indistinguishable from the native RgpB enzyme.
THE UNIFYING ARTICULAR (SYNOVIAL) ORIGIN OF INTRANEURAL GANGLIA (2009)

The pathogenesis of intraneural ganglia has been an issue of curiosity, controversy, and contention for 200 years. Three major theories have been proposed to explain their existence, namely, 1) degenerative, 2) synovial (articular), and 3) tumoral theories, each of which only partially explains the observations made by a number of investigators. As a result, differing operative strategies have been described; these generally meet with incomplete neurological recoveries and high rates of recurrence. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging and critical analysis of the literature have clarified the mechanisms underlying the formation and propagation of these cysts, thereby confirming the unifying articular (synovial) theory. By identifying the shared features of the typical cases and explaining atypical examples or clinical outliers, several fundamental principles have been described. These include: 1) a joint origin; 2) dissection of fluid from that joint along an articular nerve branch, extension occurring via a path of least resistance; and 3) cyst size, extent, and directionality being influenced by pressures and pressure fluxes. We believe that understanding the pathogenesis of these cysts will be reflected in optimal surgical approaches, improved outcomes, and decreased frequency, if not elimination, of recurrences. This article describes the ongoing process of critically analyzing and challenging previous observations and evidence in an effort to prove a concept and a theory.