gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of both types of human interleukin-8 receptors on mature neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cells (1995)

cDNA cloning revealed the presence of two related but distinct types of human interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptors, type I (type A) and type II (type B). By immunizing rabbits with glutathione-S-transferase fused with the NH2-terminal domain of each type of IL-8 receptor, we prepared polyclonal antibodies that specifically recognized the NH2-terminal domain of each type of IL-8 receptor. Immunofluorescence analysis of human peripheral blood leukocytes demonstrated that mature granulocytes except eosinophils express both types of IL-8 receptors. A majority of monocytes and CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood were stained with both antibodies, whereas CD3+ T or CD20+ B lymphocytes in peripheral blood or CD34+ cells in cord blood were not stained with either antibody. These results suggest that both types of human IL-8 receptors were coordinately and selectively expressed in mature granulocytes, monocytes, and CD16+ NK cells.
<title>IRST system: hardware implementation issues</title> (1999)

Generally, Infrared Search and Track systems use linear focal-plane-arrays with time-delay and integration, because of their high sensitivity. However, the readout is a cumbersome process and needs special effort. This paper describes signal processing and hardware (HW) implementation issues related to front-end electronics, non-uniformity compensation, signal formatting, target detection, tracking and display system. This paper proposes parallel pipeline architecture with dedicated HW for computationally intensive algorithms and SW intensive DSP HW for reconfigurable architecture.
Non-overlapping Control of Transcriptome by Promoter- and Super-Enhancer-Associated Dependencies in Multiple Myeloma (2018)

The relationship between promoter proximal transcription factor-associated gene expression and super-enhancer-driven transcriptional programs are not well defined. However, their distinct genomic occupancy suggests a mechanism for specific and separable gene control. We explored the transcriptional and functional interrelationship between E2F transcription factors and BET transcriptional co-activators in multiple myeloma. We found that the transcription factor E2F1 and its heterodimerization partner DP1 represent a dependency in multiple myeloma cells. Global chromatin analysis reveals distinct regulatory axes for E2F and BETs, with E2F predominantly localized to active gene promoters of growth and/or proliferation genes and BETs disproportionately at enhancer-regulated tissue-specific genes. These two separate gene regulatory axes can be simultaneously targeted to impair the myeloma proliferative program, providing an important molecular mechanism for combination therapy. This study therefore suggests a sequestered cellular functional control that may be perturbed in cancer with potential for development of a promising therapeutic strategy.
High Performance Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Pumped at 1.48 μm and 0.97 μm (1990)

With the growing importance of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for telecommunications applications, considerable effort has been devoted to minimizing the pump power requirements for producing high gain. The best reported results are for λ p = 0.98 μ m wavelength pumping 1,2 with gain coefficient up to 4.9 dB/mW, and for λ p = 1.48 μ m pumping, 3,4 with a lower maximum gain coefficient of 2.6 dB/mW. We report here a low threshold erbium-doped fiber amplifier which, when pumped at 1.48 μ m, has a gain coefficient is 5.9 dB/mW, and, when pumped at 0.972 μ m, an almost equal gain coefficient of 6.1 dB/mW.
Nanostructure formation in spin-cast polystyrene films (2000)

The dependence of spin-cast polystyrene film thickness on silicon substrates is examined as a function of concentration (in toluene) and molecular weight. For uniform films ranging in thickness from 100 Å to 1 µm, thickness follows a power law dependence on concentration, with the power varying from 1.25 at low molecular weights, to greater than 2 at the highest molecular weights examined. For very dilute concentrations, atomic force microscopy reveals that the films break up into a uniform distribution of voids or islands with submicron dimensions, as has been observed previously. The apparent film thickness (at molecular weight 690 000), is determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry, and is found to vary linearly with concentration for film thicknesses below ∼30 Å, the thickness at which the film begins to break up. At this molecular weight, X-ray reflectivity results indicate that the limiting thickness of the remnant polymer regions is ∼30 Å. Effects of annealing are also investigated. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrating mdg variable ordering in a vhdl-mdg design verification system (2002)

Formal verification methods involve the use of analytical techniques to prove that the implementation of a system conforms to the specification. As an efficient representation of Extended Finite State Machines, Multiway Decision Graphs (MDG) are suitable for automatic hardware formal verification of Register Transfer Level (RTL) designs. 
To reduce the effects of the state explosion problem in the MDG-based system, we explore automatic static and dynamic variable ordering algorithms. Compared with ROBDDs, the situation is complicated by the presence of first order terms in MDGs. 
The static variable ordering algorithm generates a variable order before an MDG is built and the order is chosen using information about the circuit topology. The dynamic reordering algorithm minimizes the size of the MDG during the verification process and allows a verification task to finish when the task may not complete with a fixed order due to insufficient memory or execution time. We also identify a standard term ordering problem caused by the standard term order used in MDG to order some specific terms. A solution based on function renaming and term rewriting is presented. 
The MDG system has become more efficient with the development of automatic variable ordering. However, the system only accepts MDG-HDL and most of designs in industry are described in VHDL or Verilog. We present a translator which can accept a VHDL model given at the synthesizable RTL level and produce the required representation by the MDG system. 
We integrated the translation and the (re)ordering algorithms into the MDG design verification system. Efficient variable ordering is essential for good functioning of the verification system and automatic translation from VHDL to MDG-HDL makes possible the verification of industrial designs. Experimental results proved that this updated system can handle a larger class of designs than before, thus alleviating the effects of the state exploration problem and increasing the range of the circuits that can be verified.
ChemInform Abstract: The Impact of Genomics on Medicinal Chemistry (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Plasmonic Temperature-Programmed Desorption (2020)

Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) allows for the determination of the bonding strength and coverage of molecular mono- or multilayers on a surface and is widely used in surface science. In its traditional form using a mass spectrometric readout, this information is derived <i>indirectly</i> by analysis of resulting desorption peaks. This is problematic because the mass spectrometer signal not only originates from the sample surface but also potentially from other surfaces in the measurement chamber. As a complementary alternative, we introduce plasmonic TPD, which <i>directly</i> measures the surface coverage of molecular species adsorbed on metal nanoparticles at ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Using the examples of methanol and benzene on Au nanoparticle surfaces, the method can resolve all relevant features in the submonolayer and multilayer regimes. Furthermore, it enables the study of two types of nanoparticles simultaneously, which is challenging in a traditional TPD experiment, as we demonstrate specifically for Au and Ag.
Evaluation of Phosphite and Phosphane Stabilized Copper(I) Trifluoroacetates as Precursors for the Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copper (2006)

Copper has become the material of choice for metallization of high-performance ultra-large scale integrated circuits. As the feature size is continuously decreasing, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) appears promising for depositing the Cu seed layer required for electroplating, as well as for filling entire interconnect structures. In this work, four novel organophosphane and organophosphite Cu(I) trifluoroacetates were studied as precursors for Cu MOCVD. Details are reported on CVD results obtained with Tris(tri-n-butylphosphane)copper(I)trifluoroacetate, (<sup>n</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>P)<sub>3</sub>CuO<sub>2</sub>CCF<sub>3</sub>. Solutions of this precursor with acetonitrile and isopropanol were used for deposition experiments on 100&nbsp;mm Si wafers sputter-coated with Cu, Cu/TiN, and Al(2&nbsp;%&nbsp;Si)/W. Experiments were carried out in a cold-wall reactor at a pressure of 0.7&nbsp;mbar, using a liquid delivery approach for precursor dosage. On Cu seed layers, continuous films were obtained at low deposition rates (0.5 to 1&nbsp;nm/min). At temperatures above 320°C, hole formation in the Cu films was observed. Deposition on TiN led to the formation of single copper particles and etching of the TiN, whereas isolating aluminum oxyfluoride was formed after deposition on Al(Si)/W. It is concluded that the formation of CF<sub>3</sub> radicals during decarboxylation has a negative effect on the deposition results. Furthermore, the precursor chemistry needs to be improved for a higher volatility of the complex.
Quantification of serotonin transporters in nonhuman primates using [(123)I]ADAM and SPECT. (2001)

Accurate, repeatable quantification of SERT in the nonhuman primate brain is possible using kinetic modeling of dynamic [(123)I]ADAM SPECT scans. Simplified models, which do not require arterial blood sampling, gave accurate results that correlated strongly with the full kinetic model. The test-retest reliability of the simplified reference region models was excellent. Quantification of SERT is possible using full kinetic modeling and also with simpler reference region methods.
Total Synthesis of Luotonin and a Small Library of AB-Ring SubstitutedAnalogues by Cascade Radical Annulation of Isonitriles (2005)

A four-step total synthesis of luotonin is deployed to make a small library of AB-ring substituted analogues. These analogues show weak activity in a standard topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage assay.
Tunable Photocatalytic Selectivity by Altering the Active Center Microenvironment of an Organic Polymer Photocatalyst (2023)

The favored production of one product over another is a major challenge in synthetic chemistry, reducing the formation of byproducts and enhancing atom efficacy. The formation of catalytic species that have differing reactivities based on the substrate being converted, has been targeted to selectively control reactions. Here, we report the production of photocatalytic self-assembled amphiphilic polymers, with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic microenvironments at the reactive center. Benzothiadiazole-based photocatalysts were polymerized into either the hydrophilic or the hydrophobic compartment of a diblock copolymer by RAFT polymerization. The difference in the reactivity of each microenvironment was dictated by the physical properties of the substrate. Stark differences in reactivity were observed for polar substrates, where a hydrophilic microenvironment was favored. Conversely, both microenvironments performed similarly for very hydrophobic substrates, showing that reagent partitioning is not the only factor that drives photocatalytic conversion. Furthermore, the use of secondary swelling solvents allowed an additional reagent exchange between the continuous phase and the heterogeneous photocatalyst, resulting in a significant 5-fold increase in conversion for a radical carbon-carbon coupling.
QLC-based design of reference tracking controllers for systems with asymmetric saturating actuators (2013)

Quasilinear Control (QLC) is a set of methods for designing reference tracking and disturbance rejection controllers for systems with nonlinear actuators and sensors. While most QLC methods are applicable to systems with symmetric nonlinearities, the current paper provides a technique for asymmetric ones, specifically, asymmetric saturating actuators. As in the symmetric case, the approach is based on the method of stochastic linearization, which reduces nonlinear systems to quasilinear ones. In the symmetric case, each nonlinear element is replaced by a gain. In the asymmetric case, however, each nonlinear element is replaced not only by a gain, but also by a bias. The latter leads to steady state errors incompatible with the usual error coefficients. Therefore, the performance of these quasilinear systems must be characterized not only by a root locus, but by another locus as well - the tracking error locus. In this paper these performance loci are characterized, methods for their calculation and sketching are presented, and the results are utilized for tracking controllers design.
Perkin 1 Abstracts: Solid Phase Organic Synthesis (1999)

Perkin 1 Abstracts: Solid Phase Organic Synthesis are a selection of significant papers published in the recent literature covering the broad area of Solid Phase Organic Synthesis (SPOS). The abstracts cover preparation of single compounds on solid support as well as combinatorial libraries. Advances in new linker design are also covered.
Automated Reliability Classification of Queueing Models for Streaming Computation (2015)

When do you trust a model? More specifically, when can a model be used for a specific application? This question often takes years of experience and specialized knowledge to answer correctly. Once this knowledge is acquired it must be applied to each application. This involves instrumentation, data collection and finally interpretation. We propose the use of a trained Support Vector Machine (SVM) to give an automated system the ability to make an educated guess as to model applicability. We demonstrate a proof-of-concept which trains a SVM to correctly determine if a particular queueing model is suitable for a specific queue within a streaming system. The SVM is demonstrated using a micro-benchmark to simulate a wide variety of queueing conditions.
Data from Functional Gene Expression Analysis Uncovers Phenotypic Switch in Aggressive Uveal Melanomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Microarray gene expression profiling is a powerful tool for generating molecular cancer classifications. However, elucidating biological insights from these large data sets has been challenging. Previously, we identified a gene expression-based classification of primary uveal melanomas that accurately predicts metastatic death. Class 1 tumors have a low risk and class 2 tumors a high risk for metastatic death. Here, we used genes that discriminate these tumor classes to identify biological correlates of the aggressive class 2 signature. A search for Gene Ontology categories enriched in our class-discriminating gene list revealed a global down-regulation of neural crest and melanocyte-specific genes and an up-regulation of epithelial genes in class 2 tumors. Correspondingly, class 2 tumors exhibited epithelial features, such as polygonal cell morphology, up-regulation of the epithelial adhesion molecule E-cadherin, colocalization of E-cadherin and β-catenin to the plasma membrane, and formation of cell-cell adhesions and acinar structures. One of our top class-discriminating genes was the helix-loop-helix inhibitor &lt;i&gt;ID2&lt;/i&gt;, which was strongly down-regulated in class 2 tumors. The class 2 phenotype could be recapitulated by eliminating Id2 in cultured class 1 human uveal melanoma cells and in a mouse ocular melanoma model. Id2 seemed to suppress the epithelial-like class 2 phenotype by inhibiting an activator of the E-cadherin promoter. Consequently, Id2 loss triggered up-regulation of E-cadherin, which in turn promoted anchorage-independent cell growth, a likely antecedent to metastasis. These findings reveal new roles for Id2 and E-cadherin in uveal melanoma progression, and they identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4602-9)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
New sensor for measurement of low air flow velocity. Phase I final report (1995)

The project described here is the Phase I feasibility study of a two-phase program to integrate existing technologies to provide a system for determining air flow velocity and direction in radiation work areas. Basically, a low air flow sensor referred to as a thermocouple flow sensor has been developed. The sensor uses a thermocouple as its sensing element. The response time of the thermocouple is measured using an existing in-situ method called the Loop Current Step Response (LCSR) test. The response time results are then converted to a flow signal using a response time-versus-flow correlation. The Phase I effort has shown that a strong correlation exists between the response time of small diameter thermocouples and the ambient flow rate. As such, it has been demonstrated that thermocouple flow sensors can be used successfully to measure low air flow rates that can not be measured with conventional flow sensors. While the thermocouple flow sensor developed in this project was very successful in determining air flow velocity, determining air flow direction was beyond the scope of the Phase I project. Nevertheless, work was performed during Phase I to determine how the new flow sensor can be used to determine the direction, as well as the velocity, of ambient air movements. Basically, it is necessary to use either multiple flow sensors or move a single sensor in the monitoring area and make flow measurements at various locations sweeping the area from top to bottom and from left to right. The results can then be used with empirical or physical models, or in terms of directional vectors to estimate air flow patterns. The measurements can be made continuously or periodically to update the flow patterns as they change when people and objects are moved in the monitoring area. The potential for using multiple thermocouple flow sensors for determining air flow patterns will be examined in Phase II.
Regulation of CHK1 inhibitor resistance by a c-Rel and USP1 dependent pathway (2022)

Previously, we discovered that deletion of c-Rel in the Eµ-Myc mouse model of lymphoma results in earlier onset of disease, a finding that contrasted with the expected function of this NF-κB subunit in B-cell malignancies. Here we report that Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- cells have an unexpected and major defect in the CHK1 pathway. Total and phospho proteomic analysis revealed that Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- lymphomas highly resemble wild-type (WT) Eµ-Myc lymphomas treated with an acute dose of the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) CCT244747. Further analysis demonstrated that this is a consequence of Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- lymphomas having lost expression of CHK1 protein itself, an effect that also results in resistance to CCT244747 treatment in vivo. Similar down-regulation of CHK1 protein levels was also seen in CHK1i resistant U2OS osteosarcoma and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Further investigation revealed that the deubiquitinase USP1 regulates CHK1 proteolytic degradation and that its down-regulation in our model systems is responsible, at least in part, for these effects. We demonstrate that treating WT Eµ-Myc lymphoma cells with the USP1 inhibitor ML323 was highly effective at reducing tumour burden in vivo. Targeting USP1 activity may thus be an alternative therapeutic strategy in MYC-driven tumours.
Platform switching: a new concept in implant dentistry for controlling postrestorative crestal bone levels. (2006)

Histologic and radiographic observations suggest that a biologic dimension of hard and soft tissues exists around dental implants and extends apically from the implant-abutment interface. Radiographic evidence of the development of the biologic dimension can be demonstrated by the vertical repositioning of crestal bone and the subsequent soft tissue attachment to the implant that occurs when an implant is uncovered and exposed to the oral environment and matching-diameter restorative components are attached. Historically, two-piece dental implant systems have been restored with prosthetic components that locate the interface between the implant and the attached component element at the outer edge of the implant platform. In 1991, Implant Innovations introduced wide-diameter implants with matching wide-diameter platforms. When introduced, however, matching-diameter prosthetic components were not available, and many of the early 5.0- and 6.0-mm-wide implants received "standard"-diameter (4.1-mm) healing abutments and were restored with "standard"-diameter (4.1-mm) prosthetic components. Long-term radiographic follow-up of these "platform-switched" restored wide-diameter dental implants has demonstrated a smaller than expected vertical change in the crestal bone height around these implants than is typically observed around implants restored conventionally with prosthetic components of matching diameters. This radiographic observation suggests that the resulting postrestorative biologic process resulting in the loss of crestal bone height is altered when the outer edge of the implant-abutment interface is horizontally repositioned inwardly and away from the outer edge of the implant platform. This article introduces the concept of platform switching and provides a foundation for future development of the biologic understanding of the observed radiographic findings and clinical rationale for this technique.
POLYGENIC HYPERLIPIDEMIA INCREASES CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RISK IN THE UK BIOBANK (2019)

Aims: Hyperlipidemia is a highly heritable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) increases CAD risk more than expected from a single LDL-C measurement, likely due to lifelong cumulative exposure to high LDL-C. It remains unclear whether a high polygenic load of LDL-C- or TG-increasing variants increases CAD risk similarly.Methods and Results: We evaluated the impact of polygenic hyperlipidemia to CAD risk in the FINRISK cohort (n = 27 039) and the UK biobank (UKBB, n = 343 672 including 16 370 CAD cases). We utilised polygenic risk scores (PRS) with ~6M variants for LDL-C and TG with relative weights from genome-wide association studies on lipids. In FINRISK, mean LDL-C was 1.29 and TG 0.97 mmol/l greater in the highest vs. lowest 5% of the respective PRS distributions. In the UKBB, CAD prevalence was 1.72-fold greater (OR, p &lt; 0.0001) for the LDL-C and 1.65-fold greater (p &lt; 0.0001) for the TG PRS in the highest vs. lowest 5% of the PRSs. These estimates were attenuated slightly when adjusting for a CAD PRS (OR 1.46, p &lt; 0.0001 for LDL-C and OR 1.53, p &lt; 0.0001 for TG PRS). Compared to those with the LDL-C PRS &lt;50th percentile, FH mutations elevated LDL-C by 3.67 mmol/l (p &lt; 0.0001) and CAD risk 3.48-fold (HR, p = 0.002).Conclusion: The CAD risk associated with a high polygenic load for lipid-increasing variants was directly proportional to their impact on lipid levels and mostly independent of a CAD PRS.