gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization of airway obstruction in vivo during pulmonary vascular engorgement and edema (1995)

Although pulmonary vascular engorgement has often been hypothesized to decrease airway caliber, leading to airway obstruction in asthma, direct evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. In the present study, we used high-resolution computed tomography to directly measure the changes in the caliber and wall thickness of conducting airways after volume loading with normal saline (NS) and homologous blood. Five anesthetized dogs received 0.2 mg/kg of atropine followed by either three sequential fluid challenges of 50 ml/kg of NS or two sequential challenges of 25 ml/kg of blood. Several weeks later, the same dogs received the other fluid challenge. Volume loading with 150 ml/kg of NS decreased the average airway luminal area to 68 +/- 3% (+/- SE) of baseline. Concomitantly, airway wall thickness increased to 150 +/- 6% of baseline. Volume loading with 50 ml/kg of blood decreased the average airway luminal area to 81 +/- 2% of baseline. Concomitantly, airway wall thickness increased to 108 +/- 2% of baseline. Therefore, for comparable changes in pulmonary vascular pressure, an infusion of NS caused a significantly greater decrease in airway luminal area and a larger increase in airway wall thickness than an infusion of blood. This suggests that the presence of edema fluid in or immediately surrounding the airway wall acts to decrease the airway lumen. However, since the degree of airway narrowing was only moderate, even with a most extreme fluid load, it seems unlikely that airway wall thickening or edema could be a primary cause of conducting airway obstruction in patients with asthma or impaired left ventricular function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multi Resolution Analysis compared Savitzky - Golay and Moving Average Filter by Noise Reduction (2020)

The aim of this paper is to offer an alternative signal analysis using Multiresolution Analysis (MRA), with the practical purpose of analyzing its performance in reducing the noise components. In a first part, a brief theoretical basis is shown for the Wavelets theory for signal analysis. Subsequently, simulations are carried out to reduce the noise through the multiresolution analysis of the Discrete Wavelet Transform and the they are compared with the results obtained through typical filters, such as Savitzky-Golay and Moving Average Filter.
Do we need perfect mixing between fuel and oxidizer to maximize the energy release rate of energetic nanocomposites? (2023)

It is well accepted that close assembly between a fuel and an oxidizer can increase the interfacial contact-area and reduce the diffusion distances, which can significantly promote a heterogeneous reaction. However, we recently observed for nanocomposites of Al/PVDF (aluminum/polyvinylidene fluoride), that if we separated some of the PVDF to form a laminated structure, the flame propagation rate is significantly increased compared to the homogenous case. To probe the mechanism behind this, we used functionalized aluminum nanoparticles to create microsized aggregates of Al-rich and PVDF-rich regions to induce the inhomogeneity and also fabricated Al/PVDF laminate structure films to control the inhomogeneity systematically. The result demonstrates that the inhomogeneous mixing between Al and PVDF can significantly increase the flame front corrugation (burning area). This presumably occurs due to variations in the microburn rate (local burn velocity vectors at the flame front on the microscale). The benefit of the enhanced flame area can apparently overcome the effects of the decrease in the contact area, leading to enhanced burning for an inhomogeneously mixed system. Finally, fluorocarbon functionalization of Al particles can further increase the microburn rate.
Supplementary Information from Integrative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Common Molecular Subclasses of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Information from Integrative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Common Molecular Subclasses of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Dose-dependent survival of DBA/2J mice immunized with whole-virus H7N9 vaccine against lethal challenge with wild-type H7N9 virus. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Dose-dependent survival of DBA/2J mice immunized with whole-virus H7N9 vaccine against lethal challenge with wild-type H7N9 virus.&lt;/p&gt;
Optical Temperature Measurement in Aqueous Nanodroplets for PCR (2008)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Kim, S. Dixit, C. Pan, and G. W. Faris, "Optical Temperature Measurement in Aqueous Nanodroplets for PCR," in Biomedical Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2008), paper BMD69. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Efficient Model-Based Diagnosis of Sequential Circuits (2020)

In Model-Based Diagnosis (MBD), we concern ourselves with the health and safety of physical and software systems. Although we often use different knowledge representations and algorithms, some tools like satisfiability (SAT) solvers and temporal logics, are used in both domains. In this paper we introduce Finite Trace Next Logic (FTNL) models of sequential circuits and propose an enhanced algorithm for computing minimal-cardinality diagnoses. Existing state-of-the-art satisfiability algorithms for minimal diagnosis use Sorting Networks (SNs) for constraining the cardinality of the diagnostic candidates. In our approach we exploit Multi-Operand Adders (MOAs). Based on extensive tests with ISCAS-89 circuits, we found that MOAs enable Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) encodings that are significantly more compact. These encodings lead to 19.7 to 67.6 times fewer variables and 18.4 to 62 times fewer clauses. For converting an FTNL model to CNF, we could achieve a speed-up ranging from 6.2 to 22.2. Using SNs fosters 3.4 to 5.5 times faster on-line satisfiability checking though. This makes MOAs preferable for applications where RAM and off-line time are more limited than on-line CPU time.
Deep learning architecture “LightOCT” for diagnostic decision support using optical coherence tomography images of biological samples (2020)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is being increasingly adopted as a label-free and non-invasive technique for biomedical applications such as cancer and ocular disease diagnosis. Diagnostic information for these tissues is manifest in textural and geometric features of the OCT images, which are used by human expertise to interpret and triage. However, it suffers delays due to the long process of the conventional diagnostic procedure and shortage of human expertise. Here, a custom deep learning architecture, LightOCT, is proposed for the classification of OCT images into diagnostically relevant classes. LightOCT is a convolutional neural network with only two convolutional layers and a fully connected layer, but it is shown to provide excellent training and test results for diverse OCT image datasets. We show that LightOCT provides 98.9% accuracy in classifying 44 normal and 44 malignant (invasive ductal carcinoma) breast tissue volumetric OCT images. Also, >96% accuracy in classifying public datasets of ocular OCT images as normal, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Additionally, we show ∼96% test accuracy for classifying retinal images as belonging to choroidal neovascularization, diabetic macular edema, drusen, and normal samples on a large public dataset of more than 100,000 images. The performance of the architecture is compared with transfer learning based deep neural networks. Through this, we show that LightOCT can provide significant diagnostic support for a variety of OCT images with sufficient training and minimal hyper-parameter tuning. The trained LightOCT networks for the three-classification problem will be released online to support transfer learning on other datasets.
Prieres cantiques catechisme, etc. en langue crise (1866)

Ve Ai >0 1 P (final.) ba pa V pe Api >po /1 (filial.) CI ta da U te nti 3 to \ k (final.)
Synthesis and properties of 12CaO · 7Al2O3electride: review of single crystal and thin film growth (2012)

Over the last decade, experimental studies supported by theoretical calculations have demonstrated that 12CaO · 7Al2O3 (C12A7), a typical electrical insulator, could be converted into an electro-active functional material, such as a metallic conductor with a low work function but chemical inertness and superconductivity, at low temperatures. These properties were realised by successful heavy electron doping into positively charged sub-nanometre-sized cages inherent to the crystal structure through removal of oxygen ions accommodated in the cages. The resulting samples, C12A7:e−, may be regarded as an electride in which electrons serve as anions. This article reviews the single crystal and thin film growth of both C12A7 and C12A7:e−, and describes our approach to these subjects on the basis of understanding the phase diagram of C12A7 and C12A7:e− as well as their molten and glassy states. Finally, the importance of the surface of C12A7:e− is addressed with regard to practical applications.
Metam aterial-based planar waveguide filters and components for light-weight multi-channel vehicular transceivers (2013)

In this paper, it is presented that novel and compact filters and channel combiners are developed for a lighter multi-channel vehicular transceiver working at an X-band and a Ku-band as high frequencies instead of bulky metallic waveguides. The components are in the form of so-called substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) as planar layered structures. For the purpose of reducing the physical sizes of the aforementioned components further from the conventional SIWs for the frequency bands near the millimeter-wave region, the internal parts of the proposed SIWs play the components of the CRLH-line as a metamaterial structure, which turns out much smaller than the SIWs of the same frequency. This is indebted to the phase-lead effect from the LH zone. Firstly, the compact SIW filters are implemented for the channels, particularly, an X-band and a Ku-band in this case, but applicable to millimeter-wave bands, if needed. Secondly, they are combined in another SIW to keep the two channels least distorted as a compact duplexer. The frequency responses of the filters and the channel combiner are given with the photographs of the fabricated versions. The size-reduction effect by the proposed method is mentioned with the conventional waveguide counterparts. It is easy to predict that the design scheme can be adopted for light-weight and low-profile vehicular transceivers.
Microwave Direct Frequency Modulation of Cleaved-Coupled-Cavity InGaAsP Channeled Substrate Lasers (1984)

It is well known that directly modulated semiconductor lasers exhibit changes in oscillation frequency due to variations in the refractive index and cavity temperature [1]. Frequency modulation (FM) and frequency shift keying (FSK) are potentially useful in coherent lightwave communications but pulse spreading resulting from fiber dispersion associated with undesired FM can seriously degrade the performance of high-speed long-haul intensity modulation systems.
Mono-Chlorination of Electron-Rich Arylalkyl- and Heteroarylalkyl-amines and Amino Acids Using Sulfuryl Chloride (2003)

Sulfuryl chloride has been used to mono-chlorinate electron-rich arylalkyl- and heteroarylalkyl-amines and amino acids in a mild and efficient one-pot transformation with straightforward purification­. Protection of the amines was not needed, and racemization of the chiral amino acids was minimal.
Annotation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and trehaloneogenesis pathways provide insight into carbohydrate metabolism in the Asian citrus psyllid (2022)

Citrus greening disease is caused by the pathogen <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus and transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, <i>Diaphorina citri</i>. No curative treatment or significant prevention mechanism exists for this disease, which causes economic losses from reduced citrus production. A high-quality genome of <i>D. citri</i> is being manually annotated to provide accurate gene models to identify novel control targets and increase understanding of this pest. Here, we annotated 25 <i>D. citri</i> genes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and seven in trehaloneogenesis. Comparative analysis showed that glycolysis genes in <i>D. citri</i> are highly conserved but copy numbers vary. Analysis of expression levels revealed upregulation of several enzymes in the glycolysis pathway in the thorax, consistent with the primary use of glucose by thoracic flight muscles. Manually annotating these core metabolic pathways provides accurate genomic foundation for developing gene-targeting therapeutics to control <i>D. citri</i>.
Room-Temperature CW Operation of GaInN Multiple Quantum Well Laser Diodes with Optimized Indium Content (1999)

The indium content of GaInN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) laser diodes (LDs) was optimized by means of measurements of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum and threshold current density. The dependence of ASE spectra on x in Ga1—xInxN (x = 0.07 to 0.11) MQW LDs suggested that low indium content led to small band-gap inhomogeneity. The threshold current density of the LDs decreased with decreasing indium content. Ga0.93In0.07N/GaN MQW LDs were operated with a threshold current density of 11 kA/cm2 under CW condition at room temperature. It is necessary for GaN-based 400 nm band LDs to suppress the band-gap inhomogeneity in the GaInN MQW by optimizing the indium content.
LDLC encodes a brefeldin A-sensitive, peripheral Golgi protein required for normal Golgi function. (1994)

Two genetically distinct classes of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants, ldlB and ldlC, exhibit nearly identical pleiotropic defects in multiple medial and trans Golgi-associated processes (Kingsley, D., K. F. Kozarsky, M. Segal, and M. Krieger. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 102:1576-1585). In these mutants, the synthesis of virtually all N- and O-linked glycoproteins and of the major lipid-linked oligosaccharides is abnormal. The abnormal glycosylation of LDL receptors in ldlB and ldlC cells results in their dramatically reduced stability and thus very low LDL receptor activity. We have cloned and sequenced a human cDNA (LDLC) which corrects the mutant phenotypes of ldlC, but not ldlB, cells. Unlike wild-type CHO or ldlB cells, ldlC cells had virtually no detectable endogenous LDLC mRNA, indicating that LDLC is likely to be the normal human homologue of the defective gene in ldlC cells. The predicted sequence of the human LDLC protein (ldlCp, approximately 83 kD) is not similar to that of any known proteins, and contains no major common structural motifs such as transmembrane domains or an ER translocation signal sequence. We have also determined the sequence of the Caenorhabditis elegans ldlCp by cDNA cloning and sequencing. Its similarity to that of human ldlCp suggests that ldlCp mediates a well-conserved cellular function. Immunofluorescence studies with anti-ldlCp antibodies in mammalian cells established that ldlCp is a peripheral Golgi protein whose association with the Golgi is brefeldin A sensitive. In ldlB cells, ldlCp was expressed at normal levels; however, it was not associated with the Golgi. Thus, a combination of somatic cell and molecular genetics has identified a previously unrecognized protein, ldlCp, which is required for multiple Golgi functions and whose peripheral association with the Golgi is both LDLB dependent and brefeldin A sensitive.
Vaccine Approaches To Protect against Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis (2019)

Streptococcal pharyngitis (or strep throat) is a common childhood disease affecting millions of children each year, but it is one of the only childhood diseases for which a vaccine does not exist. While for decades the development of a vaccine has been the center of attention in many laboratories worldwide, with some successes, no corporate development has yet to be initiated. The reason for this probably lies in our inability to conclusively identify the streptococcal molecule or molecules responsible for the heart cross-reactive antibodies observed in the serum of rheumatic fever patients. Without this specific knowledge, any streptococcal vaccine antigen is suspect and thus not the target for a billion-dollar investment, despite the fact that the exact role of cross-reactive antibodies in rheumatic fever is still questionable. This article will describe the development of several approaches to protect against <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> infections over the past several decades.
Super Gas Barrier and Selectivity of Graphene Oxide‐Polymer Multilayer Thin Films (2012)

Super gas barrier thin films, fabricated with layer-by-layer assembly of polyethylenimine and graphene oxide, exhibit significantly reduced oxygen and carbon dioxide transmission rates. This thin film's nanobrick wall structure also provides high gas selectivity for hydrogen.
The Functions and Roles of the Extracellular Ca2+–Sensing Receptor along the Gastrointestinal Tract (2009)

Digestion of food and normal salt and water homeostasis in the body require a functional digestive tract. Recently an increasing number of studies have demonstrated a role for the calcium-sensing receptor along the entire gastrointestinal tract and its role in normal gut physiology. Detailed studies have been performed on colonic fluid transport and gastric acid secretion. We have now demonstrated that the receptor can modulate fluid secretion and absorption along the intestine and can thereby be a potent target to prevent secretory diarrhea. Recent studies have demonstrated that organic nutrients such as polyamines and l-amino acids can act as agonists by allosterically modifying the receptor. Thus, the receptor may detect nutrient availability to epithelial cells along the gastrointestinal tract and may be involved in the coordinated rapid turnover of the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, the receptor has been suggested as a link for the mechanisms leading to calcium uptake by the colon and may thus reduce the risk for colon cancer.
Effects of Phase Change and Oxygen Permeability in Oxide Scales on Oxidation Kinetics of ZrB 2 and HfB 2 (2009)

A wide range of experimental data on the oxidation of ZrB 2 and HfB 2 as a function of temperature (800°–2500°C) is interpreted using a mechanistic model that relaxes two significant assumptions made in prior work. First, inclusion of the effect of volume change associated with monoclinic to tetragonal phase change of the MeO 2 phases is found to rationalize the observations by several investigators of abrupt changes in weight gain, recession, and oxygen consumed, as the temperature is raised through the transformation temperatures for ZrO 2 and HfO 2 . Second, the inclusion of oxygen permeability in ZrO 2 is found to rationalize the enhancement in oxidation behavior at very high temperatures (&gt;1800°C) of ZrB 2 , while the effect of oxygen permeability in HfO 2 is negligible. Based on these considerations, the significant advantage of HfB 2 over ZrB 2 is credited to the higher transformation temperature and lower oxygen permeability of HfO 2 compared with ZrO 2 .
Related Perspective and Related Article from Lung Cancer Biomarkers: FISHing in the Sputum for Risk Assessment and Early Detection (2023)

Related Perspective and Related Article from Lung Cancer Biomarkers: FISHing in the Sputum for Risk Assessment and Early Detection
Wavefront-matching-method-designed six-mode-exchanger based on grating-like waveguide on silica-PLC platform (2020)

A first six-mode exchanger based on one sidewall grating-like waveguide is successfully designed with the help of strong optimization algorithm. Fabricated device compensates for mode-dependent-loss caused by fiber-waveguide junctions, showing the proof-of-concept operation.
Facile syntheses of building blocks for the construction of phosphotyrosine mimetics (2000)

The copper-catalysed zinc phosphonate chemistry described by Yokomatsu and Shibuya can be used to enter the classical organometallic coupling repertoire via Stille and Suzuki–Miyaura couplings. 1,4-Diiodobenzene underwent coupling with the organozinc reagent derived from diethyl bromodifluoromethylphosphonate with copper(I) catalysis to afford diethyl (4-iodophenyl)difluoromethylphosphonate. Higher yielding couplings were run with (4-trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)- and (4-nonafluorobutylsulfonyloxy)-iodobenzenes. The iodide and the triflate coupled under palladium-catalysed conditions with a range of stannanes and boronic acids in moderate to excellent yields. Shibuya–Yokomatsu couplings were also successful with more functionalised iodoarenes and heteroarenes presenting the important phosphate mimic on a range of scaffolds.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligoester Ion Channels (2006)

A simple synthesis of oligoesters from TBDMS-protected-beta- and THP-protected-omega-hydroxycarboxylic acids using a solid-phase synthesis protocol is reported. Procedures were optimized for the efficient production of ion channel candidates in high purity with minimal purification. The product oligoesters were evaluated for ion transport activity using a fluorescent dye/vesicle assay. Oligoesters produced by this strategy show structure-dependent activity; the most active compounds are closely comparable to previously known oligoesters, but are available at a fraction of the synthetic effort.
Vessel surface reconstruction with a tubular deformable model (2001)

Three-dimensional (3-D) angiographic methods are gaining acceptance for evaluation of atherosclerotic disease. However, measurement of vessel stenosis from 3-D angiographic methods can be problematic due to limited image resolution and contrast. We present a method for reconstructing vessel surfaces from 3-D angiographic methods that allows for objective measurement of vessel stenosis. The method is a deformable model that employs a tubular coordinate system. Vertex merging is incorporated into the coordinate system to maintain even vertex spacing and to avoid problems of self-intersection of the surface. The deformable model was evaluated on clinical magnetic resonance (MR) images of the carotid (n = 6) and renal (n = 2) arteries, on an MR image of a physical vascular phantom and on a digital vascular phantom. Only one gross error occurred for all clinical images. All reconstructed surfaces had a realistic, smooth appearance. For all segments of the physical vascular phantom, vessel radii from the surface reconstruction had an error of less than 0.2 of the average voxel dimension. Variability of manual initialization of the deformable model had negligible effect on the measurement of the degree of stenosis of the digital vascular phantom.