gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient application-aware online provisioning for virtualized clouds and data centers (2010)

As energy efficiency and associated costs become key concerns, consolidated and virtualized data centers and clouds are attractive computing platforms for data- and compute- intensive applications. These platforms provide an abstraction of nearly-unlimited computing resources through the elastic use of pools of consolidated resources, and provide opportunities for higher utilization and energy savings. Recently, these platforms are also being considered for more traditional high-performance computing (HPC) applications that have typically targeted Grids and similar conventional HPC platforms. However, maximizing energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and utilization for these applications while ensuring performance and other Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees, requires leveraging important and extremely challenging tradeoffs. These include, for example, the tradeoff between the need to efficiently create and provision Virtual Machines (VMs) on data center resources and the need to accommodate the heterogeneous resource demands and runtimes of these applications. In this paper we present an energy-aware online provisioning approach for HPC applications on consolidated and virtualized computing platforms. Energy efficiency is achieved using a workload-aware, just-right dynamic provisioning mechanism and the ability to power down subsystems of a host system that are not required by the VMs mapped to it. We evaluate the presented approach using real HPC workload traces from widely distributed production systems. The results presented demonstrated that compared to typical reactive or predefined provisioning, our approach achieves significant improvements in energy efficiency with an acceptable QoS penalty.
680. Optimization of rAAV-Mediated Expression for Large Transgenes Using a Synthetic Promoter and Tandem Array Enhancers (2015)

rAAV is a widely used viral vector for the human gene therapy, but its inherently small 4.679kb genome is a significant challenge for delivering effective expression of a large gene. Our main goal is to develop rAAV vectors for delivering the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) for cystic fibrosis lung disease gene therapy. To express the CFTR gene of 4.43kb coding sequence from a rAAV vector, a short promoter well functioned in airway epithelium is required. In the present study, we screened a set of 100-mer synthetic enhancer elements for their ability to augment CFTR expression from a short 83-bp synthetic promoter. With an empirical approach, screening for their effectiveness in the delivery of reporter gene expression were conducted in step-wise fashion – in plasmids, proviral vectors, and rAAV vectors. Our initial studies in monolayer (non-polarized) cultures of human airway cell lines and primary ferret airway cells revealed that three of these synthetic enhancers (F1, F5, and F10) significantly promoted transcription of a luciferase transgene in the context of plasmid transfection. Analysis in polarized cultures of human and ferret airway epithelia at an air-liquid interface (ALI) in the context of AAV vector infection found that the combination of F5tg83 (183bp) is the most efficient promoter in both ALI cultures, leading to 19.6-fold and 57.5-fold increases reporter expression, respectively, over the enhancer-less counterpart. We also demonstrated that the F5tg83 promoter produced the highest level of transgene expression in the ferret airway in vivo. Since rAAV-CFTR vectors greater than 5.0kb in size are dramatically impaired with respect to vector efficacy, we utilized a shortened ferret CFTR minigene with a 159 bp deletion in the R-domain to construct a rAAV vector (AV2/2. F5tg83-fCFTRDR). This vector yielded an ≈17-fold increase in vector derived CFTR mRNA transcription and significantly improved Cl- currents in human CF ALI cultures when the vectors were administrated through basolateral infection. We also tested the F5tg83 promoter activity in the context of rAAV/HBoV1 vector, which packages an oversized rAAV genome up to 5.5kb in human bocavirus virus 1 (HBoV1) caspid and efficiently transduces HAE-ALI from apical membrane. We found that the F5tg83 promoter delivered robust and persistent expression of different reporter genes (firefly luciferase or the secreted guassia luciferase) from the HAE-ALI following apical infections of the AV2/HBoV1 chimeric vectors. The expanded package capacity of rAAV2/HBoV1 vector makes it possible to further optimize the F5tg83 promoter directed CFTR gene expression with the full-length CFTR gene. In summary, our study has identified a small enhancer/promoter combination that may have broad utility for rAAV-mediated CF gene therapy to the airway. Furthermore, the enhancer screening approach may be useful for rAAV applications in other organs that seek to deliver large transgenes that approach the packing capacity of rAAV.
Solution processed ZnO nanorods/polyfluorene semiconductor heterojunctions with white light photoluminescence (2010)

Since the first report of inorganic light emtting diodes a century ago the field of inorganic light emitting diodes has evolved rapidly. T he development of light emitting diodes technology has caused their efficiency and light output to increase exponentially, with a doubling occuring about every 36 months since the 1960s, in a similar way to Moor´s law. the advances are generally attributed to the parallel development of the semiconductor technologies and advances in optics and material science. This trend is normally called Haitz´s law after Dr. Roland Haitz. on the other hand, during the last 30 years a new research and technology field of organic electronic materials has grown. Organic light emitting diodes is rapidly maturing for the development of large area light -emitting displays. The reasons behind that is the possibility of using uconventional substrates such as flexible plastic and glass and the availability of several very cheap production methods. This thesis deals with the demonstration and investigation of heterjuction light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on n-ZnO-nanorod/p-polymer hybrid layered structures. The devices were fabricated using low cost and flexible substrates (glass and plastic substrates). Both ZnO-nanorods and the polymer materials were grown using low temperature methods. Different configurations were used starting with single polymer emissive layer ending up with separate emissive and blocking layers. In addition, blend multilayer structures were also used. In each case the advantages and disadvantages were investigated. analyzed and discussed. In general room temperature photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra of the LEDs provided a broad emission band covering a wide color range (430nm- 700nm), in which zinc vacancies, oxygen vacancies and polymer emission peaks are contributting to the observed broad emission.
Effect of Cationic Contaminants on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Performance (2013)

The effect of the in-situ injection of cationic contaminants on polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) performance is investigated. Four foreign cations (Ba 2+ , Ca 2+ , Al 3+ , K + ) were chosen as contaminants in this study due to their prevalence and chemical structure (e.g. valence). It is found that the cells with Ba(ClO 4 ) 2 and Ca(ClO 4 ) 2 injection exhibited little cell voltage change during a current hold test, and the cells with Al(ClO 4 ) 3 and KClO 4 injection showed a larger cell performance change with decreasing cell voltage and increasing cell resistance. After recovery tests by switching back to DI water from the cation injection, the cells which were contaminated with Ba(ClO 4 ) 2 and Ca(ClO 4 ) 2 had a tendency to recover portion of the lost performance; however, the cells with Al(ClO 4 ) 3 and KClO 4 injection did not recover even though the contaminant injection time is shorter than that of the above two cells.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a cyanido-bridged copper(II)–silver(I) bimetallic complex containing a trimeric {[Ag(CN)2]−}3 anion, [Cu(Dach)2-Ag(CN)2-Cu(Dach)2][Ag(CN)2]3 (Dach=cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) (2016)

Abstract A new cyanido-bridged bimetallic copper(II)–silver(I) complex, [Cu(Dach) 2 -Ag(CN) 2 -Cu(Dach) 2 ][Ag(CN) 2 ] 3 ( 1 ) (Dach= cis -1,2-diaminocyclohexane), has been prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray analysis. The crystal structure of complex 1 consists of a centrosymmetric trinuclear cation and three non-coordinated [Ag(CN) 2 ] − ions assembled in the form of a trimer, {[Ag(CN) 2 ] − } 3 . The complex ion is made up of two [Cu(Dach) 2 ] 2+ units connected by a bridging [Ag(CN) 2 ] − anion. The copper atom in the complex ion assumes a distorted square pyramidal geometry with CN − nitrogen atoms occupying the apical position. The trinuclear units are joined by hydrogen bonding to form irregular chains.
The Inductive Power Transfer Story at the University of Auckland (2015)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) is now recognised as one of the ?hottest? research areas in Electrical Engineering combining the EE foundation studies of electricity and magnetism with power electronics and microprocessor control. But this acceptance is very recent ? as recently as 20 years ago IPT was widely supposed to be completely impractical and papers on it were in very short supply. This paper describes how one research group at the University of Auckland went from power electronics and motor control to international recognition in IPT over these past 20 years. It is a simple story combining technology and people and especially people with the vision to see what can be done and how systems can be built on those principles to offer solutions to engineering problems that hitherto had no possibility of a solution. The paper covers the story in a people oriented foreword that describes the original development from serendipity to a Daifuku prototype, and then as a more conventional paper from that prototype to a wide variety of IPT systems up to the possibility of roadway at power levels of 10-30 kW or more, with high efficiency and wide tolerance to misalignment.
State of Ni in catalysts for glycerol hydrogenation and methane steam reforming as studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (2013)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy is used to study 1% Ni/Al2O3, 5% Ni/Al2O3, and 5% Ni/TiO2 catalysts for glycerol and methane conversion. The effect of treatment in H2 under microwave irradiation on the reduction of part of the nickel to the metallic state in the titanium oxide-supported catalyst is demonstrated.
Laser and acoustic lens for lithotripsy (2023)

An acoustic focusing device whose acoustic waves are generated by laser radiation through an optical fiber. The acoustic energy is capable of efficient destruction of renal and biliary calculi and deliverable to the site of the calculi via an endoscopic procedure. The device includes a transducer tip attached to the distal end of an optical fiber through which laser energy is directed. The transducer tip encapsulates an exogenous absorbing dye. Under proper irradiation conditions (high absorbed energy density, short pulse duration) a stress wave is produced via thermoelastic expansion of the absorber for the destruction of the calculi. The transducer tip can be configured into an acoustic lens such that the transmitted acoustic wave is shaped or focused. Also, compressive stress waves can be reflected off a high density/low density interface to invert the compressive wave into a tensile stress wave, and tensile stresses may be more effective in some instances in disrupting material as most materials are weaker in tension than compression. Estimations indicate that stress amplitudes provided by this device can be magnified more than 100 times, greatly improving the efficiency of optical energy for targeted material destruction.
The perichromatin region of the plant cell nucleus is the area with the strongest co-localisation of snRNA and SR proteins (2012)

The spatial organisation of the splicing system in plant cells containing either reticular (Allium cepa) or chromocentric (Lupinus luteus) nuclei was studied by immunolabelling of SR proteins, snRNA, and the PANA antigen, known markers for interchromatin granule clusters in mammalian cells. Electron microscope results allowed us to determine the distribution of these molecules within the structural domains of the nucleus. Similar to animal cells, in both plant species SR proteins were localised in interchromatin granules, but contrary to animal cells contained very small amounts of snRNA. The area with the strongest snRNA and SR protein co-localisation was the perichromatin region, which may be the location of pre-mRNA splicing in the plant cell nuclei. The only observable differences in the organisation of reticular and chromocentric nuclei were the size of the speckles and the number of snRNA pools in the condensed chromatin. We conclude that, despite remarkable changes in the nuclear architecture, the organisation of the splicing system is remarkably similar in both types of plant cell nuclei.
Energy-per-bit advantages of chip-scale hybrid-integrated optical interconnects using surface-normal electro-aborption MQW modulators (2013)

A hybrid MQW/EAM-based chip-scale photonic interconnect concept is projected to achieve significantly lower energy-per-bit performance than monolithically integrated Si-Photonic and directly-modulated VCSEL approaches - enabling bandwidth density to scale with foreseeable high performance computing CMOS technology.
The optical constants of thin film materials calculated from the reflectance and transmittance measurements (2009)

The optical constants including the refraction index n and extinguished coefficient k of the variety of materials are calculated from their reflection and transmittance measurements with measured wavelengths. We derive the reflectance and transmittance equations associated to the material film optical constants. The organic and inorganic materials used for optical recording medium materials are examined. The organic dyes show that significant optical constants vary with the laser wavelength, in comparison to the inorganic phase-change materials. This is an evidence to indicate the complicated bonding structure in the organic dyes within the measured wavelength ranges.
Functional Interfaces for Biomimetic Energy Harvesting: CNT-DNA Matrix for Enzyme Assembly (2014)

The development of 3D structures exploring the properties of nano-materials and biological molecules allows us to mimic natural metabolic processes such as Krebs or Calvin cycle by creating “artificial” metabolic pathways called metabolons. The utilization of metabolons in biomimetic energy-harvesting systems leads to increased fuel oxidation and as a result increased Columbic efficiency. The specific order and minimized distance between the enzymes from those metabolons are the main reasons for subsequent and more effective fuel consumption. In this study a complex carbon nanotubes (CNTs) – DNA matrix for specific enzyme immobilization was created. It composed of “brush” type aligned CNTs covalently attached on electrochemically modified gold surface. This forest like CNTs structure was used as a substrate for the development of a DNA scaffold. This DNA scaffold had a designed sequence that allows strong attachment of DNA to the CNTs surface by wrapping the nanotubes through pi-pi stacking and at the same time has a unique nine base pair motif that was further hybridized. The hybridized part of the DNA was used to specifically attach zinc finger (Znf268) that was genetically fused to small laccase (SLAC). Zinc fingers are small protein structural motifs that can recognize dsDNA and specifically bind to it. We used this property to control the SLAC immobilization by fusing the Znf268 to the enzyme and attaching it to the CNTs-DNA scaffold (Fig. 1). Due to the specific interactions of zinc fingers with DNA we will be able to immobilize enzymes in particular order and distance creating metabolons. Figure 2 shows Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images of the gold surface at the different stages of its modification to the creation of the CNTs forest. The modification procedures were also confirmed with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To prove the concept we used SLAC, which is an enzyme from the family of well-known multi-copper oxidases that are able to reduce oxygen and form water [1]. The enzyme was immobilized by the described approach and characterized by XPS (Fig. 3). The presence of copper in the XPS spectrum unambiguously proofs the success of the immobilization procedure. The developed herein approach for specific enzyme immobilization can be applied for all types of enzymes for the development of bio-cathodes as well as bio-anodes in the design of energy-harvesting systems. The developed herein approach for specific enzyme immobilization can be applied for all types of enzymes for the development of bio-cathodes as well as bio-anodes in the design of energy-harvesting systems. [1] Szilvay, G., S. Brocato, D. Ivnitski, C. Li, P. De La Iglesia, C. Lau, E. Chi, M. Werner-Washburne, S. Banta P. Atanassov Chem. Commun ., 2011 , 47, 7464–7466.
The physics and sound design of flue organ pipes (2012)

Sound design methods for flue organ pipes can be developed for the practical application in organ building due to the high performance of modern computers and the advanced level of the scientific research on flue organ pipe acoustics. The research of Neville Fletcher and the team around him has contributed in a high extent to the scientific understanding of the behaviour of flue organ pipes. By extending this knowledge sound design methods and dimensioning software for different special flue organ pipes have been developed in the frames of European research projects. As examples the following topics will be mentioned: -the development of optimal scaling and a software for designing the depth and width of wooden organ pipes without changing the sound character; -the development of optimal scaling, design and software of chimney flutes by means of appropriate laboratory experiments and computer simulations.
Cadmium and zinc content of fish from an industrially contaminated lake (1978)

Eleven species of fish from an industrially‐contaminated lake were analysed for whole body cadmium and zinc content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cadmium and zinc content of fish were species related, and most species accumulated these trace metals to levels significantly higher than background. Maximum concentrations detected were 13.60 μg Cd g −1 (dry wt) in a bluegill and 820 μg Zn g −1 in a redear sunfish. Cadmium content was much more variable than zinc content. Distributions of concentrations of both cadmium and zinc in fish were lognormal, and concentrations of both metals tended to decrease in higher trophic levels. Zinc concentrations significantly decreased as total length increased in three species.
Identification of new, conserved, non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases from fluorescent pseudomonads involved in the biosynthesis of the siderophore pyoverdine (2002)

Pyoverdines, the main siderophores of fluorescent pseudomonads, contain a peptide moiety, different for each pyoverdine, and an identical chromophore. While it has been shown that non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are involved in the biosynthesis of the peptide chain of pyoverdines, this was not demonstrated for the biosynthesis of the chromo-phore part. We found that PvsA, from Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400, and PvdL (PA2424), from Pseudomonas aeruginosa are similar NRPSs and functional homologues, necessary for the production of pyoverdine. Transcriptional lacZ fusions showed that pvdL is co-transcribed with the upstream PA2425 gene, encoding a putative thioesterase, and is iron-regulated via PvdS. Similarly, RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of pvsA is repressed by iron. Analysis of the adenylation domains of PvsA, PvdL and their homologues, revealed that their N-terminus starts with an acyl-CoA ligase module, followed by three amino acid activation domains. Computer modelling of these domains suggests that PvsA in P. fluorescens and PvdL in P. aeruginosa are orthologues involved in the biosynthesis of the pyoverdine chromophore.
Thermostable Mismatch-Recognizing Protein MutS Suppresses Nonspecific Amplification during Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (2013)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-related technologies are hampered mainly by two types of error: nonspecific amplification and DNA polymerase-generated mutations. Here, we report that both errors can be suppressed by the addition of a DNA mismatch-recognizing protein, MutS, from a thermophilic bacterium. Although it had been expected that MutS has a potential to suppress polymerase-generated mutations, we unexpectedly found that it also reduced nonspecific amplification. On the basis of this finding, we propose that MutS binds a mismatched primer-template complex, thereby preventing the approach of DNA polymerase to the 3' end of the primer. Our simple methodology improves the efficiency and accuracy of DNA amplification and should therefore benefit various PCR-based applications, ranging from basic biological research to applied medical science.
ChemInform Abstract: ORTHO‐FORMYL SUBSTITUTED ARYLAZOMETHYLENETRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANES: A NOVEL FACILE INTRAMOLECULAR THERMAL REARRANGEMENT WITH NITROGEN‐NITROGEN DOUBLE BOND FISSION (1982)

Abstract Die Thermolyse der Arylazomethylenphosphorane (I) ergibt unter Abspaltung von Triphenylphosphin die Chinazolinone (II), von denen (IIb) zur Verbindung.
Extending on-die wiring hierarchy with wafer level packaging concepts (2004)

Wafer level package (WLP) redistribution layer interconnects can be effectively used for countering on-die global wiring challenges. To demonstrate this, we fabricated WLP test chips with two configurations namely IMPS and microstrip transmission lines in WLP layers. Experimental results indicate superior electrical performance. Near speed of light propagation is observed with insignificant signal distortion. We compare the WLP layers interconnect performance with a representative 70nm node upsized global interconnect. Details on the WLP technology are also provided.
Direct-detection polarization division multiplexed orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing transmission systems without polarization tracking (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate a direct-detection polarization division multiplexed (PDM) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme without dynamic polarization tracking. Simply using a polarization-diverse receiver, the proposed multiple-input multiple-output assisted system can achieve bit-error rate of 10(-) over all possible received states of polarization. Moreover, 50 Gbps PDM-OFDM transmission over 100 km single-mode fiber is successfully demonstrated without dispersion-induced penalty.
43 % Reduced program time, 23 % energy efficient ReRAM boost converter with PMOS switching transistor and boosted buffer circuit for ReRAM and NAND flash hybrid SSDs (2018)

Resistive RAM (ReRAM) boost converters with PMOS switching transistor operating at 1.0 V are proposed for 3D-integrated ReRAM and NAND flash hybrid SSDs with through silicon via (TSV). The proposed boost converter operating at 1.0 V uses PMOS switching transistor in order to solve the NMOS diode problem and raise the driving current. With the proposed boost converter, the boosting time is reduced by 42.8 % and the energy efficiency during programming ReRAM is improved by 22.8 %.