gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GNSS-based Precipitable Water Vapor for the Global Climate Observing System (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), supported by a number of international partners and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), is establishing a reference climate observation network, the GCOS Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN). Currently, this network comprises 30 reference sites worldwide, designed to detect long-term trends of key climate variables such as temperature and humidity in the upper atmosphere, thus providing a cornerstone to more reliable monitoring of signals of global and regional climate change. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;GRUAN observations are required to be of reference quality, with known biases removed and with an associated uncertainty value, based on thorough characterization of all sources of measurement.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;In support of these goals, GNSS precipitable water (GNSS-PW) measurement has been included as a priority one measurement of the essential climate variable water vapor. In addition, a minimum of twice daily measurements (ideally hourly measurement) of PW are required as entrance to the GRUAN program. GNSS-PW is the primary means to accomplish this entrance requirement. The GNSS-PW program produces a nearly continuous reference measurement of PW and is &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;therefore a substantial part of GRUAN. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;GFZ contributes to GRUAN with its expertise in processing of ground-based GNSS network data to generate precise PW products. Since 2013, GFZ hosts a GRUAN central processing facility for the GNSS-PW. GFZ is responsible for the installation of GNSS hardware, data transfer, processing and archiving, derivation of GNSS PW products according to GRUAN requirements including PW uncertainty estimation, as well as for quality check and archiving of the GNSS-PW products. Currently half of the GRUAN sites are equipped with GNSS receivers. At the beginning of this year the data processing of GNSS-PW and its associated documentation has been GRUAN certified. GNSS-PW products including uncertainty estimation and results of selected validation studies are presented.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Large-Scale Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an eVTOL Aircraft using Comprehensive Analysis (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0146.vid This paper presents a framework under development for enabling large-scale multi-fidelity modeling and optimization of electric vertical takeoff and landing concepts (eVTOL). The key features of the framework are a geometry-centric approach to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), a modular functional-form representation of the disciplines involved in aircraft design, and fully automated derivative computations thereby allowing efficient gradient-based optimization. The framework is first presented in a general manner agnostic to the vehicle concept or the physics-based analyses used. The key disciplines involved in the design of eVTOL aircraft and the couplings between the disciplines are described. The complex multidisciplinary nature of the design is emphasized. The framework is then applied to the design of the NASA lift-plus-cruise concept. Low-fidelity solvers of aerodynamics, propulsion, structural estimation, acoustics, powertrain, and battery are coupled together. The optimization considers 108 design variables and 16 constraints. It is shown that MDO considering geometric variables results in a design with lower gross mass than when the geometric variables are not considered. The optimization turnaround time of 30 minutes on a standard workstation demonstrates the capabilities of fully-coupled large-scale MDO using gradient-based optimization. The framework is under development and an open-source version will be released in the near-future.
Utility of flow cytometry immunophenotyping in multiple myeloma and other clonal plasma cell‐related disorders (2010)

In recent years, multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) immunophenotyping has become mandatory in the clinical management of hematological malignancies, both for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Multiple myeloma (MM) and other clonal plasma cell-related (PC) disorders should be no exception to this paradigm, but incorporation of immunophenotypic studies in the management of patients with PC disorders is still far from being routinely established in many diagnostic flow cytometry laboratories. For clonal PC disorders, MFC is of clear and established clinical relevance in: (1) the differential diagnosis between MM and other PC-related disorders; (2) the identification of high-risk MGUS and smoldering MM; (3) minimal residual disease investigation after therapy; additionally it may also be useful for (4) the definition of prognosis-associated antigenic profiles; and (5) the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this article, we review the clinical value of MFC in the study of PC disorders, with specific emphasis in those areas where consensus exists on the need to incorporate MFC into routine evaluation of MM and other clonal PC-related disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: A METHOD FOR OLEFIN INVERSION VIA PHOSPHINE OXIDES (1974)

Abstract Aus cis‐Cycloocten (I) wird das Epoxid (II) dargestellt, das durch Behandlung mit der Phosphorverbindung (III) in Tetrahydrofuran und anschließend mit Wasserstoffperoxid/Essigsäure in das Hydroxyphosphinoxid (IV) übergeführt wird.
A linear regression based method for estimating magnetic parameters of inductive power transfer systems (2016)

The characteristic magnetic parameters of inductive power transfer systems highly depend on the relative position of the coils to each other. E.g., for the purpose of standardization and interoperability, it is essential to exactly analyze and describe them. This paper presents a method for estimating the respective parameters in a way that a limited number of measurements or simulation points is sufficient to allow the calculation at every considered operating point. The method is based on multiple linear regression, applied in three dimensions with approximated polynomials in each direction. This way, simulation time and computational power can be significantly reduced, when the magnetic parameters need to be calculated in certain positions. The accuracy of calculation depends on the number of measurements or simulation points, and on the class and order of the assumed polynomials. Experimental validation shows that for a setting of n = 48 data points the calculated value deviates less than 1.2% from the simulated values, verifying the proposed method.
Method for the Rapid Headspace Analysis of Mango (Mangifera indicaL.) Homogenate Volatile Constituents and Factors Affecting Quantitative Results (1997)

A rapid GC method was developed to analyze the headspace composition of cultivar Kent, Keitt, and Tommy Atkins mango homogenates. Factors affecting quantitative results were also studied. Of the 13 volatile compounds identified, 9 were terpene hydrocarbons: α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, myrcene, limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, α-copaene, and caryophyllene. Volatile concentrations were quantified using peak height calibration curves (peak height vs concentration). Linear relationships were derived for all compounds except caryophyllene. Rate of peak height increase was slower at caryophyllene levels <2 ppm than at those ≥2 ppm. Volatile levels increased as homogenate was diluted with up to 50% water. Addition of CaCl2 during blending, to inhibit degradative enzymes, induced gelation, which resulted in decreased volatile concentrations in the headspace. Sonicating gelled homogenate resulted in partial liquefaction and an increase in headspace volatiles. These results indicate that significant interactions between mango pulp and volatile compounds occur and, depending on sample preparation method, can affect quantitative results. Keywords: Flavor; gelation; hydrocarbons; terpenes
Selective Multiple Capture Test (SMART) XLBIST (2022)

Logic BIST (LBIST) is increasingly deployed to realize test cost reduction and silicon life-cycle management. Xtolerant LBIST (XLBIST) expanded applicability to almost any design in the presence of unknown (X) values. XLBIST is crucial for many applications, particularly mission-critical applications such as aerospace/defense, automotive, telecommunications in-dustries etc. The optimization of test-time and test-cost are very important to reduce the overall latencies during In-System Test. In this paper, we introduce ATPG-driven multiple capture-clock selection which greatly increases XLBIST coverage per pattern. This helps in achieving the targeted coverage numbers with lesser number of seeds, greatly helping in test-cost reduction. Results with this novel solution on several big designs demonstrate consistent XLBIST coverage improvement even in presence of high X densities.
Open-loop temperature-compensated tuning of a 2-pole absorptive bandstop filter (2017)

For the first time, an open-loop temperature-compensated control scheme is presented for a tunable 2-pole absorptive bandstop filter. The scheme includes a post-fabrication calibration that extracts the filter poles and zeros and generates a model of the zeros with respect to bias condition across -35 to 100° C. The bias voltages needed to achieve a target notch at a sensed temperature are determined based on this model. Measured filter tuning shows 20-48 dB improvement in isolation from 1.7-2.1 GHz compared to tuning without temperature compensation and frequency variation of less than ±0.03% from -35 to 100° C.
Supplementary Figures S1-4 from A Phase I/II Study for Analytic Validation of <sup>89</sup>Zr-J591 ImmunoPET as a Molecular Imaging Agent for Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-4. Figure S1. 89Zr-J591 versus bone scan comparison of lesion positivity. Figure S2. Patient with metastatic prostate cancer (PSA of 10.1) with 89Zr-J591+ lesions that were not seen on MDP. Figure S3. Patient with metastatic prostate cancer (PSA of 0.62). Figure S4. Uniform prior distribution.&lt;/p&gt;
Cell Adhesion: Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry-Based Synthetic Cell Glue(Small 48/2015) (2015)

Synthetic cell–cell adhesion with high stability and robustness is demonstrated by S. H. Yun and co-workers using a bioorthogonal click chemistry-based cell gluing method. On page 6458, they show how tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) conjugated to the cell surface form covalent bonds between cells within 10 min in aqueous conditions. Glued cells remain viable and stably attached in blood flow, showing the potential for biomedical applications.
Numerical analysis of a deep learning formulation of elastic full waveform inversion with high order total variation regularization in different parameterization (2021)

We have formulated elastic seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) within a deep learning environment. In our formulation, a recurrent neural network is set up with rules enforcing elastic wave propagation, with the wavefield projected onto a measurement surface acting as the synthetic data to be compared with observed seismic data. Gradients for iterative updating of an elastic model, with a variety of parameterizations and misfit functionals, can be efficiently constructed within the network through the automatic differential method. With this method, the inversion based on complex misfits can be calculated. We survey the impact of different complex misfits (based on the l2, l1 ) with high order total variation (TV) regulations on multiparameter elastic FWI recovery of models within velocity/density, modulus/density, and stiffness parameter/density parameterizations. We analyze parameter cross-talk. Inversion results on simple and complex models show that the RNN elastic FWI with high order TV regulation using l1 norm can help mitigate cross-talk issues with gradient-based optimization methods.
Recognition of hand action using body-conducted sounds (2015)

Several methods of recognizing hand actions by examining the vibrations conducted through the body from muscular activity (we call them “body-conducted sounds” in this paper) were proposed in previous works. However, they did not consider the transfer characteristic of body-conducted sounds. In this paper, we propose a method for hand action recognition that extracts the main frequency elements of body-conducted sounds using the Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) and divides the hidden states of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) based on the MFCC. The results of experiments show that our method makes it possible to correctly recognize 95% of hand actions on average.
Efficient mucosal vaccination mediated by the neonatal Fc receptor (155.9) (2011)

Abstract Almost all infectious diseases are initiated at mucosal surfaces, yet intramuscular or subcutaneous vaccination usually provides only minimal protection at sites of infection owing to suboptimal activation of the mucosal immune system. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) mediates the transport of IgG across polarized epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces. We mimicked this process by fusing a model antigen, herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein gD, to an IgG Fc fragment. Intranasal immunization, together with the adjuvant CpG, completely protected wild-type, but not FcRn knockout, mice after intravaginal challenge with virulent HSV-2 186. This immunization strategy induced efficient mucosal and systemic antibody, B- and T-cell immune responses, with stable protection for at least 6 months after vaccination in most of the immunized animals. The FcRn-IgG transcellular transport pathway may provide a general delivery route for subunit vaccines against many mucosal pathogens.
Taxonomy of Dual Block-Coordinate Ascent Methods for Discrete Energy Minimization (2020)

We consider the maximum-a-posteriori inference problem in discrete graphical models and study solvers based on the dual block-coordinate ascent rule. We map all existing solvers in a single framework, allowing for a better understanding of their design principles. We theoretically show that some block-optimizing updates are sub-optimal and how to strictly improve them. On a wide range of problem instances of varying graph connectivity, we study the performance of existing solvers as well as new variants that can be obtained within the framework. As a result of this exploration we build a new state-of-the art solver, performing uniformly better on the whole range of test instances.
Protein structure controls the processing of the N-linked oligosaccharides and glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycans of variant surface glycoproteins expressed in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei (2000)

The variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) of Trypanosoma brucei are a family of homodimeric glycoproteins that adopt similar shapes. An individual trypanosome expresses one VSG at a time in the form of a dense protective mono-layer on the plasma membrane. VSG genes are expressed from one of several polycistronic transcription units (expression sites) that contain several expression site associated genes. We used a transformed trypanosome clone expressing two different VSGs (VSG121 and VSG221) from the same expression site (that of VSG221) to establish whether the genotype of the trypanosome clone or the VSG structure itself controls VSG N-linked oligosaccharide and GPI anchor glycan processing. In-gel release and fluorescent labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides and on-blot fluorescent labeling and release of GPI anchor glycans were employed to compare the carbohydrate structures of VSG121 and VSG221 when expressed individually in wild-type trypanosome clones and when expressed together in the transformed trypanosome clone. The data indicate that the genotype of the trypanosome clone has no effect on the N-linked oligosaccharide structures present on a given VSG variant and only a minor effect on the GPI anchor glycans. The latter is most likely an effect of changes in inter-VSG packing when two VGSs are expressed simultaneously. Thus, N-linked oligosaccharide and GPI anchor processing enzymes appear to be constitutively expressed in bloodstream form African trypanosomes and the tertiary and quaternary structures of the VSG homodimers appear to dictate the processing and glycoform microheterogeneity of surface-expressed VSGs.
Use of scalable Parametric Measurement Macro to improve semiconductor technology characterization and product test (2010)

Use of a Scaling Parametric Macro (SPM) provides more accurate product level environment parametric information than scribe line (Kerf) structures. This paper compares drive current (Ion) data obtained with the SPM macros to scribe line structure Ion measurements. SPM macros provide less variation than scribe line structures. Since SPM is small enough to be included in all products, the SPM macro provides improved Ion product screening.
CD40: Lord of the endothelial cell (2008)

CD40, a membrane-associated receptor, is a key activator of immune and vascular cells. In this issue of Blood, Pluvinet and colleagues reveal new features of human endothelial cells activated through CD40 that include inflammatory, thrombotic, and innate immune effects.
VARIATION AND SELECTION IN AXON NAVIGATION THROUGH MICROTUBULE-DEPENDENT STEPWISE GROWTH CONE ADVANCE (2020)

ABSTRACT Myosin II (MII) activity is required for elongating mammalian sensory axons to change speed and direction in response to Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and laminin-1 (LN). NGF signaling induces faster outgrowth on LN through regulation of actomyosin restraint of microtubule advance into the growth cone periphery. It remains unclear whether growth cone turning on LN works through the same mechanism and, if it does, how the mechanism produces directed advance. Using a novel method for substrate patterning, we tested how directed advance occurs on LN by creating a gap immediately in front of a growth cone advancing on a narrow LN path. The growth cone stopped until an actin-rich protrusion extended over the gap, adhered to LN, and became stabilized. Stepwise advance over the gap was triggered by microtubule +tip entry up to the adhesion site of the protrusion and was independent of traction force pulling. We found that the probability of microtubule entry is regulated at the level of the individual protrusion and is sensitive to the rate of microtubule polymerization and the rate of rearward actin flow as controlled by adhesion-cytoskeletal coupling and MII. We conclude that growth cone navigation is an iterative process of variation and selection. Growth cones extend leading edge actin-rich protrusions that adhere transiently (variation). Microtubule entry up to an adhesion site stabilizes a protrusion (selection) leading to engorgement, consolidation, protrusive activity distal to the adhesion site, and stepwise growth cone advance. The orientation of the protrusion determines the direction of advance.
Aging-Related Increased Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cytotoxicity Markers in Rat Hypothalamic Regions Associated with Male Reproductive Function (2001)

The aging-related iNOS increased expression in the hypothalamus of the male rat affects regions known to control the synthesis and release of GnRH (POA, ARC) and oxytocin (PVN, SON), and the factors regulating penile erection (POA, and PVN). These observations suggest that iNOS may play a role in the reduction in GnRH and oxytocin neuronal secretion resulting in reproductive dysfunctions such as lowered serum testosterone, hypospermatogenesis, and diminished copulatory function in the aging male animal.
Long-term evaluation of patients (Pts) with malignant melanoma (MM) treated with autologous cancer vaccine HSPPC-96 at three different dose levels (2005)

7550 Background: HSPPC-96 is a polyvalent vaccine produced from resected cancer tissue. Limited understanding exists regarding the implications of cellular mediated immunity on the overall outcome of pts with cancer. Herein we evaluated the long-term outcome of a group of pts with MM treated with HSPPC-96. Methods: We analyzed the records of 36 Stage (St) III [N=11;(31%)] or limited St IV [N=25;(69%)] pts with resected MM (>5 grams of resected tissue) treated in a Phase I-II Trial. Following surgery, 16 (44%) pts (2 St III; 14 St IV) had residual disease & 20 (56%) (9 St III; 11 St IV) no evidence of disease (NED). All pts received 4 weekly I.D. injections of HSPPC-96 at 1 of 3 dose levels: 2.5μg (N=11), 25μg (N=16), 100μg (N=9). Two pts received an additional course of 4 vaccines. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 25 pts were tested at time 0, 2 wks, 3 wks, and 8 wks after initial vaccination. ELISPOT assay was performed by stimulating cryopreserved, uncultured PBMC with CD45-depleted autologous tumor cells. Results: No objective anti-tumor responses were observed. Median overall survival (OS) was 2.1 yr. Twelve of the 20 NED pts (60%) were alive after 4.5 yr, while only 1 pt (6%) with residual disease was alive > 3.5 yr. The median overall time to progression (TTP) was 0.6 yr. The median TTP for NED pts was 2.7 yr and only 0.3 yr for pts with residual disease. Thirteen of 20 (65%) NED pts remained disease free after a median of 1.7 yr of follow-up, with 8 pts remaining NED after 2 yr (range 2.0 - 2.8 yr). No significant increases in IFNγ ELISPOT numbers were seen after immunization. Conclusions: Cytoreductive surgery in combination with HSPPC-96 vaccination may increase TTP in pts with MM rendered NED. However, ELISPOT assay does not seem to correlate with clinical outcome. More sensitive assays against specific candidate peptide antigens are in progress. A larger, randomized study of HSPPC-96 in pts with metastatic MM is underway. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Antigenics Antigenics Antigenics Antigenics Antigenics Antigenics
Monolithic Flexible Vertical GaN Light‐Emitting Diodes for a Transparent Wireless Brain Optical Stimulator (2018)

Flexible inorganic-based micro light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) are emerging as a significant technology for flexible displays, which is an important area for bilateral visual communication in the upcoming Internet of Things era. Conventional flexible lateral µLEDs have been investigated by several researchers, but still have significant issues of power consumption, thermal stability, lifetime, and light-extraction efficiency on plastics. Here, high-performance flexible vertical GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are demonstrated by silver nanowire networks and monolithic fabrication. Transparent, ultrathin GaN LED arrays adhere to a human fingernail and stably glow without any mechanical deformation. Experimental studies provide outstanding characteristics of the flexible vertical μLEDs (f-VLEDs) with high optical power (30 mW mm<sup>-2</sup> ), long lifetime (≈12 years), and good thermal/mechanical stability (100 000 bending/unbending cycles). The wireless light-emitting system on the human skin is successfully realized by transferring the electrical power f-VLED. Finally, the high-density GaN f-VLED arrays are inserted onto a living mouse cortex and operated without significant histological damage of brain.