gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Mouse β 1 -Adrenergic Receptor Genomic Clone (1993)

A beta 1-adrenergic receptor (beta 1AR) clone, designated Clone 5, was isolated from a BALB/c mouse liver genomic library screened at low stringency with a human brain beta 2 AR cDNA probe. Sequence analysis of Clone 5 revealed a 1,395-bp open reading frame encoding a 464-amino-acid polypeptide. The predicted protein exhibited structural features characteristic of members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family including seven hydrophobic segments corresponding to putative transmembrane domains, a potential N-linked glycosylation site near the amino-terminus, and multiple potential phosphorylation sites in the third cytoplasmic loop and carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail. The sequence of the Clone 5-encoded protein was nearly identical to those previously reported for the rat and human beta 1 ARs. Potentially important differences were noted in the third cytoplasmic loop and carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Reverse transcription-primer extension studies of adult mouse brain RNA demonstrated the predominant transcriptional start site to be 415 nucleotides upstream of the translational start site. A GC-box precedes the transcriptional start site by 40 nucleotides. No consensus TATA or CAAT box sequences were identified in this region. Southern blot analysis of a Chinese hamster x mouse somatic cell hybrid panel and of the progeny of an inter-subspecies backcross mapped the Clone 5-encoded gene to mouse chromosome 19, the localization previously determined for the mouse homolog of the human beta 1AR gene. Binding studies of transient COS-7 transfectants and stable L-cell transfectants confirmed that Clone 5 encodes a beta AR of the beta 1 subtype. A probe derived from Clone 5 selectively hybridized in Northern blot studies to mRNA isolated from adult mouse cerebrum, lung, and heart. These data should serve as the basis for further studies of the regulation and function of the beta 1AR.
The microRNA miR393 re‐directs secondary metabolite biosynthesis away from camalexin and towards glucosinolates (2011)

flg22 treatment increases levels of miR393, a microRNA that targets auxin receptors. Over-expression of miR393 renders plants more resistant to biotroph pathogens and more susceptible to necrotroph pathogens. In contrast, over-expression of AFB1, an auxin receptor whose mRNA is partially resistant to miR393 degradation, renders the plant more susceptible to biotroph pathogens. Here we investigate the mechanism by which auxin signalling and miR393 influence plant defence. We show that auxin signalling represses SA levels and signalling. We also show that miR393 represses auxin signalling, preventing it from antagonizing SA signalling. In addition, over-expression of miR393 increases glucosinolate levels and decreases the levels of camalexin. Further studies on pathogen interactions in auxin signalling mutants revealed that ARF1 and ARF9 negatively regulate glucosinolate accumulation, and that ARF9 positively regulates camalexin accumulation. We propose that the action of miR393 on auxin signalling triggers two complementary responses. First, it prevents suppression of SA levels by auxin. Second, it stabilizes ARF1 and ARF9 in inactive complexes. As a result, the plant is able to mount a full SA response and to re-direct metabolic flow toward the most effective anti-microbial compounds for biotroph resistance. We propose that miR393 levels can fine-tune plant defences and prioritize resources.
The Effect of Insoluble Oxide Additives on a Magnesium Plating/Stripping Reaction in Mg(N(CF3SO2)2)2/Glyme Solutions (2023)

Mg(N(CF3SO2)2)2/glyme solutions are attractive as the electrolyte solution for Mg secondary batteries. However, the solutions are suffering from the poor reversibility and large overpotential of the Mg negative electrode. In the present study, we studied the effect of oxide particles on the Mg plating/stripping reaction, aiming at the use as insoluble additives for Mg secondary batteries. By placing Al2O3 particles on the substrate, the Coulombic efficiency was improved from 5% to 33%. In addition, the overpotential for Mg stripping reaction drastically decreased from 1.5 to 0.2 V. The open circuit potential of the plated Mg maintained 0.2 V for 24 h. We applied Al2O3 additives on the cell consisting of Mg/V2O5 and achieved the discharge profile over 1.7 V, which was about 0.7 V higher than the similar report without additives. From the results, we first confirmed that Al2O3 functioned as insoluble additives for the Mg electrode reaction.
Fractionally spaced spatial adaptive equalization of S‐UMTS mobile terminals (2002)

Abstract In this paper we present fractionally spaced adaptive equalization techniques and space diversity combined receiver and evaluate their performance for the downlink of S‐UMTS system. The conventional ‘training’ (or non‐blind) and the ‘unsupervised’ (or blind) adaptive equalization algorithms are both investigated. Simulation results show that the equalizers are robust to Doppler shift and non‐linearity effects due to TWT amplifiers aboard the satellite. It is also shown that even with a moderate array size of two antenna elements, a significant improvement in terminal performance is achieved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and Adaptive Control of Magnetostrictive Actuators (1999)

In this dissertation, we propose a model and formulate a control methodology for a thin magnetostrictive rod actuator. The goal is to obtain a bulk, low dimensional model that can be used for real-time control purposes. Previous and concurrent research in the modeling of magnetostrictive actuators and the related area of electrostrictive actuators have produced models that are of low order and reproduce their quasi-static response reasonably well. But the main interest in using these and other smart actuators is at a high frequency - for producing large displacements with mechanical rectification, producing sonar signals etc. The well known limitation of smart actuators that are based on electro-magnetothermo-elastic behaviors of smart materials is the complex, input-rate dependent, hysteretic behavior of the latter.
Demonstration of Addressable Organic Resistive Memory Utilizing a PC-Interface Memory Cell Tester (2012)

We demonstrated nonvolatile 8 × 8 array organic memory devices utilizing a PC-interface memory cell tester. The organic memory devices composed of a Ag/poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> poly-Si structure exhibited excellent memory performance properties, including stable switching behavior, proper statistical distribution, and long retention time. We succeeded in independently addressing and reading the data in the memory cell array using the PC-interface memory cell tester, opening an avenue toward more realistic organic memory device applications.
Introduction to the special issue on MPEG-7 (2001)

MPEG-7 has ignited interest in industry with broad interests in media, content management, content provision, broadcasting, computers, telecommunications, as well as researchers and academia. Overall, the MPEG-7 standard is currently in a fairly mature stage and is on its way to final standardization later this year. The pace of progress in development of MPEG-7 has been quite frantic. This special issue provides snapshot of the status of MPEG-7 technology as of around April 2001. This special issue contains only invited papers from experts who are involved in MPEG-7 standardization. It is designed to be useful to beginners as well as experts alike as it covers various topics at different depths.
Ultra-wideband and high frequency resonators using shear horizontal type plate wave in LiNbO3thin plate (2014)

A cognitive radio system requires a tunable filter with a wide tunable range to compose a simple front-end. Because the tunable range is limited by the bandwidth (BW) of resonators, an ultra-wideband resonator is an important device to implement the tunable filter. The authors previously obtained low frequency resonators with a wide BWs of 26 to 29% and a large impedance ratios of 92 to 98 dB between resonance (fr) and anti-resonance frequencies (fa) using 0-th mode shear horizontal (SH0 mode) plate wave in a LiNbO3 plate. Also, a tunable filter with the tunable range of 13% was demonstrated. However, the frequency (fr =1.8 MHz and fa = 2.3 MHz) is too low for modern wireless communication. Also, the resonators suffered from ripples due to transverse mode between fr and fa. In this study, high frequency SH0 mode plate wave resonators (fr = 430–560 MHz and fa = 530–670 MHz) with a wide bandwidth and a large impedance ratio have been fabricated using an ultrathin LiNbO3 plate. The ripples were suppressed by an apodized interdigital transducer.
Interferon-λ treatment accelerates SARS-CoV-2 clearance despite age-related delays in the induction of T cell immunity (2022)

Interferons induced early after SARS-CoV-2 infection are crucial for shaping immunity and preventing severe COVID-19. We previously demonstrated that injection of pegylated interferon-lambda accelerated viral clearance in COVID-19 patients (NCT04354259). To determine if the viral decline is mediated by enhanced immunity, we assess in vivo responses to interferon-lambda by single cell RNA sequencing and measure SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody responses between placebo and interferon-lambda-treated patients. Here we show that interferon-lambda treatment induces interferon stimulated genes in peripheral immune cells expressing IFNLR1, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells. Interferon-lambda does not affect SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels or the magnitude of virus-specific T cells. However, we identify delayed T cell responses in older adults, suggesting that interferon-lambda can overcome delays in adaptive immunity to accelerate viral clearance in high-risk patients. Altogether, interferon-lambda offers an early COVID-19 treatment option for outpatients to boost innate antiviral defenses without dampening peripheral adaptive immunity.
Fabrication of Nitride Ceramics by Electric Current Assisted Sintering (2014)

Electric current assisted sintering (ECAS) has been used for sintering of nitride ceramic powders. It was mainly used for fabrication of fine-grained silicon nitride ceramics with high plasticity at high-temperatures, because high heating rate of ECAS was effective for densification without grain growth. Recent trend of silicon nitride ceramics sintered by ECAS are for wear resistance, corrosion resistance, or high toughness. Application of silicon nitride ceramics is expanding and the ECAS is helpful for improving the properties. The ECAS is used for sintering of aluminum nitride ceramics, recently. Aluminum nitride powder could be densified without sintering additive by ECAS, but some kinds of sintering additives are effective for densification and improvement of thermal conductivity.
Performance upgrades in the EUV engineering test stand (2002)

The EUV Engineering Test Stand (ETS) has demonstrated the printing of 100-nm-resolution scanned images. This milestone was first achieved while the ETS operated in an initial configuration using a low power laser and a developmental projection system, PO Box 1. The drive laser has ben upgraded to a single chain of the three-chain Nd:YAG laser developed by TRW. The result in exposure time is approximately 4 seconds for static exposures. One hundred nanometer dense features have been printed in step-and-scan operation with the same image quality obtained in static printing. These experiments are the first steps toward achieving operation using all three laser chains for a total drive laser power of 1500 watts. In a second major upgrade the developmental wafer stage platen, used to demonstrate initial full-field imaging, has been replaced with the final low-expansion platen made of Zerodur. Additional improvements in the hardware and control software have demonstrated combined x and jitter from 2 to 4 nm RMS Over most of the wafer stage travel range, while scanning at the design scan speed of 10 mm/s at the wafer. This value, less than half of the originally specified jitter, provides sufficient stability to support printing of 70 nm features as planned, when the upgraded projection system is installed. The third major upgrade will replace PO Box 1 with an improved projection system, PO Box 2, having lower figure error and lower flare. In addition to these upgrades, dose sensors at the reticle and wafer planes and an EUV- sensitive aerial image monitor have been integrated into the ETS. This paper reports on ETS system upgrades and the impact on system performance.
Dead-beat Identification for Model Reference Adaptive Control⋆ (2022)

In this work, we propose a novel parameter identifier for linear time-invariant systems, which has the fastest possible convergence in principal (i.e., dead-beat). The identifier applies where states and derivatives of states can be measured. The identifier is applied to the certainty-equivalence (indirect) model reference adaptive control that relaxes the conventional assumptions about open-loop stability and persistent excitation in MRAC. Furthermore, in conventional MRAC the parameter convergence rate is proportional to the tracking error, whereas our proposed adaptation law has dead-beat dynamics. This method is previously applied to a Delta robot. In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of the method by solving the identifier dynamics to get its closed-form solution and examine the effect of perturbations such as white additive noise, uncertainty, and disturbance. The linearized model of an actuated inverted pendulum with unknown parameters is used as a benchmark example.
Hybrid video-frame pre-processing architecture for HD-video (2011)

As imaging devices begin to support full frame rate video at 720p and higher resolutions image processing algorithms which operate on full image frames become severely challenged due to both the processing costs of operating on full-frame resolution images and the bandwidth challenges of moving image data to and from system memory. In this paper we outline a novel hybrid hardware architecture which enables a range of image processing primitives to be directly generated from a video frame as it passes through the standard imaging pipeline. These primitives can be either efficiently stored with a sequence of video frames, or depending on the computational capabilities of the device they may be recombined with the original video frame data, concurrently with the acquisition of the following video frame, to implement a range of image processing functions prior to MPEG video data compression. Examples include color segmentation, face tracking, frame-to-frame registration, motion stabilization, skin detection, dynamic range enhancement, global and local histograms and computation of integral image functions.
Combined Visible and Infrared Electrochromism Using Dual Polymer Devices (2001)

Electrochromic polymers capable of modulating both visible and infrared light are investigated here. Devices based on these materials can be reversibly switched from the neutral state to the p-doped state with a concomitant color change (see Figure) over a broad range of spectral energies.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Perborate/Acetic Anhydride: A Convenient Reagent for the Conversion of Cyclic Acetals to Esters. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electromechanical properties of biomembranes and nerves (2014)

Lipid membranes are insulators and capacitors, which can be charged by an external electric field. This phenomenon plays an important role in the field of electrophysiology, for instance when describing nerve pulse conduction. Membranes are also made of polar molecules meaning that they contain molecules with permanent electrical dipole moments. Therefore, the properties of membranes are subject to changes in trans-membrane voltage. Vice versa, mechanical forces on membranes lead to changes in the membrane potential. Associated effects are flexoelectricity, piezoelectricity, and electrostriction.
Older Adults Exhibit Greater Visual Cortex Inhibition and Reduced Visual Cortex Plasticity Compared to Younger Adults (2019)

Recent evidence indicates that inhibition within the visual cortex is greater in older than young adults. Increased inhibition has been associated with reduced visual cortex plasticity in animal models. We investigated whether age-related increases in human visual cortex inhibition occur in conjunction with reduced visual cortex plasticity. Visual cortex inhibition was measured psychophysically using binocular rivalry alternation rates (AR) for dichoptic gratings. Slower ARs are associated with a greater concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA within the human visual cortex. Visual cortex plasticity was measured using an established paradigm for induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) -like increases in visually evoked potential (VEP) amplitude. Following rapid visual stimulation, greater increases in VEP amplitude indicate greater visual cortex plasticity. The study involved two groups; young (18-40 years, <i>n</i> = 29) and older adults (60-80 years, <i>n</i> = 18). VEPs were recorded for a 1 Hz onset/offset checkerboard stimulus before and after 9 Hz visual stimulation with the same stimulus. ARs were slower in older than young adults. In contrast to most previous studies, VEP amplitudes were significantly reduced following the rapid visual stimulation for young adults; older adult VEP amplitudes were unaffected. Our AR results replicate previous observations of increased visual cortex inhibition in the older adults. Rapid visual stimulation significantly altered VEP amplitude in young adults, albeit in the opposite direction than predicted. VEP amplitudes did not change in older adults suggesting an association between increased inhibition and reduced plasticity within the human visual cortex.
Interferometer for optical coherence tomography (2003)

We describe a new interferometer setup for optical coherence tomography (OCT). The interferometer is based on a fiber arrangement similar to Young's two-pinhole interference experiment with spatial coherent and temporal incoherent light. Depth gating is achieved detection of the interference signal on a linear CCD array. Therefore no reference optical delay scanning is needed. The interference signal, the modulation of the signal, the axial resolution, and the depth range are derived theoretically and compared with experiments. The dynamic range of the setup is compared with OCT sensors in the time domain. To our knowledge, the first images of porcine brain and heart tissue and human skin are presented.
An approach to the synthesis of biological tissue (1997)

Mathematical phantoms developed to synthesize realistic complex backgrounds such as those obtained when imaging biological tissue, play a key role in the quantitative assessment of image quality for medical and biomedical imaging. We present a modeling framework for the synthesis of realistic tissue samples. The technique is demonstrated using radiological breast tissue. The model employs a two-component image decomposition consisting of a slowly, spatially varying mean-background and a residual texture image. Each component is synthesized independently. The approach and results presented here constitute an important step towards developing methods for the quantitative assessment of image quality in medical and biomedical imaging, and more generally image science.
A versatile platform for locus-scale genome rewriting and verification (2021)

Routine rewriting of loci associated with human traits and diseases would facilitate their functional analysis. However, existing DNA integration approaches are limited in terms of scalability and portability across genomic loci and cellular contexts. We describe Big-IN, a versatile platform for targeted integration of large DNAs into mammalian cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of a landing pad enables subsequent recombinase-mediated delivery of variant payloads and efficient positive/negative selection for correct clones in mammalian stem cells. We demonstrate integration of constructs up to 143 kb, and an approach for one-step scarless delivery. We developed a staged pipeline combining PCR genotyping and targeted capture sequencing for economical and comprehensive verification of engineered stem cells. Our approach should enable combinatorial interrogation of genomic functional elements and systematic locus-scale analysis of genome function.
The feasibility of a multipurpose acoustic network in Baffin Bay (2018)

Operating autonomous underwater vehicles at high latitudes is a challenge because ice cover prevents the use of GPS or data communications. As a result, our scientific observations are biased towards late spring, summer, and early autumn when ships can navigate and autonomous platforms can safely surface. To address this problem, we studied the feasibility of a basin-scale multipurpose acoustic network called the “Baffin Bay Acoustic Navigation and Communication System” (BBANC). BBANC would deploy broadband low frequency sources and receivers, offering one-way communication, acoustic positioning, and acoustic thermometry services. Passive acoustic listening elements would support the study of marine mammal communication and ambient noise from ships, ocean-based resource exploitation, and ice dynamics, as well as gate acoustic source operation in the presence of marine mammals. We describe the challenges and design parameters for such a system, as well as define additional acoustic and remote sensing measurements required to complete a system design. Drawing from a large database of Baffin Bay hydrography, we present simulations of under-ice sound speed conditions, ice properties derived from satellite remote sensing and upward looking sonar data, and modelled acoustic propagation paths in an ice-covered Baffin Bay. We also assess the feasibility of non-coherent and coherent communication.
Evaluation of 30 Gbps super high bit rate mobile communications using channel data in 11 GHz band 24×24 MIMO experiment (2014)

The performance of 30 Gbps super high bit rate mobile communications is evaluated by computer simulation using channel data collected in 11 GHz band 24×24 MIMO outdoor propagation experiments, and the feasibility of 11 GHz band 30 Gbps transmission is verified. To achieve the super high bit rate mobile communications, 10 Gbps transmission using 11 GHz band 8×16 MIMO has been verified in outdoor transmission experiments. In addition, channel measurement and analysis have been conducted in 11 GHz band 24×24 MIMO radio propagation experiments. Although 24×24 MIMO transmission is expected to achieve a bit rate exceeding 30 Gbps, transmission experiments have not yet been performed due to the hardware limitations. In this paper, computer simulations based on 24×24 MIMO-OFDM eigenmode transmission are conducted by utilizing channel data measured using an 11 GHz band 24×24 MIMO channel sounder. This paper shows that throughput exceeding 30 Gbps is achieved in 11 GHz band mobile environments, and clarifies the requirements for the average signal-to-noise ratio, channel conditions, and accuracy of channel state information to achieve 30 Gbps throughput over a real 11 GHz band 24×24 MIMO channel.
Engineered Muscle (2007)

Recent advances in skeletal muscle tissue engineering have resulted in an in vitro tissue model that can be used for studying the effects of genetic alterations, pharmacological interventions, and exercise on muscle physiology and function. Here, we present applications for this technology to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle adaptation in response to exercise.