gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moving object detection in video by detecting non-Gaussian regions in subbands and active contours (2004)

A multi-stage moving object detection algorithm in video is described in this paper. First, the camera motion is eliminated by motion compensation. An adaptive subband decomposition structure is then used to analyze the difference image. In the high-band subimages, moving objects which produce outliers are detected using a statistical test determining non-Gaussian regions. It turns out that the distribution of the subimage pixels is almost Gaussian in general. But, at the object boundaries the distribution of the pixels in the subimages deviates from Gaussianity due to the existence of outliers. Regions containing moving objects in the original image frame are detected by detecting regions containing outliers in subimages. Finally, active contours are initiated in these regions in the wavelet domain and object boundaries are accurately estimated.
Synthesis of CexZr1‐xO2/SiO2 supports for chromium oxide catalysts of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with carbon dioxide (2023)

Abstract BACKGROUND Propane dehydrogenation is an alternative way both to produce propylene and to utilize CO 2 . Because of the high oxygen mobility in cerium‐zirconium oxide (Ce x Zr 1‐ x O 2 ), it looks promising as a support for the chromium oxide catalysts of propane dehydrogenation with CO 2 . Supports of Ce x Zr 1‐ x O 2 on mesoporous silica were synthesized in this work to combine the high oxygen mobility of the former and the pore structure of the latter. RESULTS Two applied synthetic approaches resulted in materials with different structure and properties. The wet impregnated catalysts demonstrated a higher activity and selectivity to propylene. At the same time, they had larger pore size distribution maxima (~9 nm) than the samples prepared by the introduction of metals simultaneously with Si‐precursor hydrolysis (~2 nm). For the chromium catalysts with the same support, the catalytic activity decreased with varying chromium loading as follows: 5% Cr &gt; 3% Cr ≈ 7% Cr. For the catalysts with different Ce x Zr 1‐ x O 2 supports and equal chromium loading, the activity decreased with x changing as follows: 0.5 &gt; 0.6 &gt; 0.8 for the samples prepared by wet impregnation, and 0.8 ≈ 0.6 &gt; 0.5 for the other synthetic path. CONCLUSIONS Catalysts were tested in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO 2 . The wet impregnation approach turned out to be much more promising in terms of catalytic activity and selectivity to propylene in the reaction of propane dehydrogenation with CO 2 . The selectivity achieved was ≤80% at a 40% conversion. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-suaveoline (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-suaveolineMark L. Trudell and James M. CookCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7504–7507Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00201a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views938Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Luteolin Reduces Alzheimer’s Disease Pathologies Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury (2014)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in response to an acute insult to the head and is recognized as a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, recent studies have suggested a pathological overlap between TBI and AD, with both conditions exhibiting amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits, tauopathy, and neuroinflammation. Additional studies involving animal models of AD indicate that some AD-related genotypic determinants may be critical factors enhancing temporal and phenotypic symptoms of TBI. Thus in the present study, we examined sub-acute effects of moderate TBI delivered by a gas-driven shock tube device in Aβ depositing Tg2576 mice. Three days later, significant increases in b-amyloid deposition, glycogen synthase-3 (GSK-3) activation, phospho-tau, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed. Importantly, peripheral treatment with the naturally occurring flavonoid, luteolin, significantly abolished these accelerated pathologies. This study lays the groundwork for a safe and natural compound that could prevent or treat TBI with minimal or no deleterious side effects in combat personnel and others at risk or who have experienced TBI.
Alterations in left ventricular mechanics, energetics, and contractile reserve in experimental heart failure. (1992)

The contributions of changes in primary systolic and diastolic properties, limitations of contractile reserve, and alterations in energy efficiency to the left ventricular dysfunction seen with chronic pacing tachycardia were investigated. Seven dogs (heart failure group) were ventricularly paced at 250 beats per minute for 26.3 +/- 2.9 days and compared with a separate control group (n = 8). STudies were performed with isolated, metabolically supported hearts coupled to a computer-controlled loading system. Pressure-volume relations and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were measured to assess chamber systolic and diastolic properties and efficiency (relation between MVO2 and pressure-volume area [PVA]). Systolic function was reduced in failure hearts versus controls as assessed by the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (1.29 +/- 0.94 versus 2.71 +/- 0.98 mm Hg/ml, p less than 0.01) and lowered end-systolic stiffness at a matched stress (956.1 +/- 123.5 versus 1,401.7 +/- 431.7 g/cm2, p less than 0.05). Diastolic chamber and myocardial stiffness were unaltered in failure hearts, but the unstressed diastolic-arrested volume was significantly larger (33.3 +/- 3.9 versus 21.9 +/- 7.6 ml, p less than 0.01). Inotropic response to increased heart rate and exogenous beta-adrenergic stimulation (dobutamine HCl) was significantly impaired in failure compared with control hearts. Most interestingly, failure hearts had a lowered slope of the MVO2-PVA relation (2.1 +/- 1.1 versus 2.9 +/- 1.4 ml O2.mm Hg-1.ml-1.100 g left ventricle-1, p less than 0.001), indicating increased efficiency of chemomechanical energy conversion. The y intercept of the MVO2-PVA relation, which reflects oxygen costs of basal metabolism and excitation-contraction coupling, was unchanged in the two groups despite decreased contractility of the heart failure hearts. These results demonstrate reduced chamber and myocardial contractility, dilatation without alteration of passive myocardial properties, impaired contractile reserve, and novel alterations in cardiac efficiency in this model of heart failure.
Founsure 1.0: An erasure code library with efficient repair and update features (2021)

Founsure is an open-source software library that implements a multi-dimensional graph-based erasure coding entirely based on fast exclusive OR (XOR) logic. Its implementation utilizes compiler optimizations and multi-threading to generate the right assembly code for the given multi-core CPU architecture with vector processing capabilities. Founsure possesses important features that shall find various applications in modern data storage, communication, and networked computer systems, in which the data needs protection against device, hardware, and node failures. As data size reached unprecedented levels, these systems have become hungry for network bandwidth, computational resources, and average consumed power. To address that, the proposed library provides a three-dimensional design space that trades off the computational complexity, coding overhead, and data/node repair bandwidth to meet different requirements of modern distributed data storage and processing systems. Founsure library enables efficient encoding, decoding, repairs/rebuilds, and updates while all the required data storage and computations are distributed across the network nodes.
Microbial Drug Interactions and Human Health (2022)

The gut microbiota has emerged as an important drug target due to its substantial effects on host health and capacity to alter the physiochemistry of numerous chemicals. Bidirectional interactions between drugs and the microbiota directly and indirectly affect host metabolism and homeostasis. Several drugs induce gastrointestinal toxicities by perturbing gut microbiota composition, allowing colonization of pathogens and disturbing the synergy between the microorganisms and their hosts. In return, microorganisms metabolize drugs to gain energy and nutrients. These biotransformation reactions affect the disposition of drugs in the body and modulate their efficacy and toxicity. Microorganisms can indirectly contribute to drug pharmokinetics in the body via microbial products regulating host gene expression. Recent developments in in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches coupled with multi-omics are advancing our understanding of these complex interactions. Ultimately, integrating an understanding of microbiome–drug interactions to personalized medicine will lead to safer, more economical, and more effective therapies.
A compiler framework for restructuring data declarations to enhance cache and TLB effectiveness (2010)

It has been observed that memory access performance can be improved by restructuring data declarations, using simple transformations such as array dimension padding and inter-array padding (array alignment) to reduce the number of misses in the cache and TLB (translation lookaside buffer). These transformations can be applied to both static and dynamic array variables. In this paper, we provide a padding algorithm for selecting appropriate padding amounts, which takes into account various cache and TLB effects collectively within a single framework. In addition to reducing the number of misses, we identify the importance of reducing the impact of cache miss jamming by spreading cache misses more uniformly across loop iterations.
Resolution of the Facilitated Transport of Dehydroascorbic Acid from Its Intracellular Accumulation as Ascorbic Acid (1995)

We performed a detailed kinetic analysis of the uptake of dehydroascorbic acid by HL-60 cells under experimental conditions that enabled the differentiation of dehydroascorbic acid transport from the intracellular reduction/accumulation of ascorbic acid. Immunoblotting and immunolocalization experiments identified GLUT1 as the main glucose transporter expressed in the HL-60 cells. Kinetic analysis allowed the identification of a single functional activity involved in the transport of dehydroascorbic acid in the HL-60 cells. Transport was inhibited in a competitive manner by both 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. In turn, dehydroascorbic acid competitively inhibited the transport of both sugars. A second functional component identified in experiments measuring the accumulation of ascorbic acid appears to be associated with the intracellular reduction of dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbic acid and is not directly involved in the transport of dehydroascorbic acid via GLUT1. Transport of dehydroascorbic acid by HL-60 cells was independent of the presence of external Na+, whereas the intracellular accumulation of ascorbic acid was found to be a Na(+)-sensitive process. Thus, the transport of dehydroascorbic acid via glucose transporters is a Na(+)-independent process which is kinetically and biologically separable from the reduction of dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbic acid and its subsequent intracellular accumulation.
Configurationally multistable defect in silicon (1986)

We report the isolation of a new defect in n-type silicon following room-temperature electron irradiation. Using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) combined with minority-carrier injection at 250 K, we show that the DLTS peak usually ascribed to the phosphorus-vacancy pair hides a signal arising from this defect in its stable configuration. We find that the defect can exist in three other configurations which can be individually studied by DLTS. It is proposed that this defect involves a lattice vacancy and a phosphorus atom, plus a third unidentified defect or impurity.
Disorder-to-Order Phase Transition and Multiple Melting Behavior of Poly(l-lactide) Investigated by Simultaneous Measurements of WAXD and DSC (2008)

It has been found that, dependent on the crystallization temperature (Tc), the disorder (α‘) and order (α) phases of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) are formed at low (Tc < 100 °C) and high (Tc ≥ 120 °C) temperatures, respectively. In the DSC curves, the sample with α‘ phase demonstrates a peculiar small exothermal peak around 160 °C just prior to the melting point, while the sample crystallized at temperatures around 120 °C (between 110 and 130 °C) shows a double melting behavior. These distinct thermal behaviors of various PLLA samples were investigated in detail by simultaneous measurements of WAXD and DSC. It is confirmed that the small exothermal peak corresponds to the disorder-to-order (α‘-to-α) phase transition, in which the chain packing of the crystal lattice becomes more compacted. In the process of the α‘-to-α phase transition, the isosbestic points were found in the temperature-dependent WAXD profiles. So far, the α‘-to-α transition was considered to occur apparently continuously as long as the main 200/110 peak was measured, but detailed investigation of higher 2θ peaks has revealed for the first time that the α‘ phase transforms discretely to the α phase in the first-order transition mode. On the basis of the X-ray diffraction and DSC data, a kind of phase diagram concerning the α‘ and α forms has been constructed reasonably.
Upper excited-state photochemistry of DNA and nucleotides (1992)

Two sets of experiments dealing with the upper excited states of DNA are presented here. In one investigation, one-photon excitation of DNA with low intensity UV laser radiation (199.8, 217.8, and 239.5 nm) is exploited to assess damage done upon excitation to singlet states higher than the first excited singlet state. In another, the sequential excitation of DNA with 266 nm laser radiation and 532 nm photons was explored using ps laser radiation.
Opportunistic Relay Selection with Cooperative Macro Diversity (2010)

We apply a fully opportunistic relay selection scheme to study cooperative diversity in a semianalytical manner. In our framework, idle Mobile Stations (MSs) are capable of being used as Relay Stations (RSs) and no relaying is required if the direct path is strong. Our relay selection scheme is fully selection based: either the direct path or one of the relaying paths is selected. Macro diversity, which is often ignored in analytical works, is taken into account together with micro diversity by using a complete channel model that includes both shadow fading and fast fading effects. The stochastic geometry of the network is taken into account by having a random number of randomly located MSs. The outage probability analysis of the selection differs from the case where only fast fading is considered. Under our framework, distribution of the received power is formulated using different Channel State Information (CSI) assumptions to simulate both optimistic and practical environments. The results show that the relay selection gain can be significant given a suitable amount of candidate RSs. Also, while relay selection according to incomplete CSI is diversity suboptimal compared to relay selection based on full CSI, the loss in average throughput is not too significant. This is a consequence of the dominance of geometry over fast fading.
Preparation of an Advanced Phenylglycine-Derived Intermediateen routeto the Southern Hemisphere Tetraene of Viridenomycin (2004)

A high-yielding synthesis of a phenylglycine derived (E,Z)-dienylboronate en route to the C16-C23 tetraene of the polyene macrolide viridenomycin is described. Crucial to this synthesis was the development of conditions enabling ready access to synthetically useful amino acid derivatives that should be widely applicable to other amino acids. These conditions confer advantages of increased yield and reliability over many of the existing literature alternatives, and also circumvent several of the problems encountered when dealing with such derivatives. The synthesis features a highly selective Heck coupling between an N-protected (Z)-alkenyl iodide and a hexylene glycol derived vinylboronate ester.
Intervalley energy of GaN conduction band measured by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy (2016)

Time-resolved transmission and reflection measurements were performed for bulk GaN at room temperature to evaluate the energy of the first conduction band satellite valley. The measurements showed clear threshold-like spectra for transmission decay and reflection rise times. The thresholds were associated with the onset of the intervalley electron scattering. Transmission measurements with pump and probe pulses in the near infrared produced an intervalley energy of $0.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ eV. Ultraviolet pump and infrared probe reflection provided a similar value. Comparison of the threshold energies obtained in these experiments allowed estimating the hole effective mass in the upper valence band to be $1.4{m}_{0}$. Modeling of the reflection transients with rate equations has allowed estimating electron--LO (longitudinal optical) phonon scattering rates and the satellite valley effective mass.
Synthesis of 3-[(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trioxo-1,2-benzisothiazol-2-yl)alkyl] 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivatives as calcium channel modulators (1992)

1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives with a 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one 1,1-dioxide group, linked through an alkylene bridge to the C-3 carboxylate of the DHP ring, with both vasoconstricting and vasorelaxant properties were obtained. In blocking Ca(2+)-evoked contractions of K(+)-depolarized rabbit aortic strips, compounds 12 and 41 were 10-fold more potent than nifedipine; 27 other compounds were 1-4-fold more potent. Their vascular versus cardiac selectivity was very pronounced; for instance, the selectivity index for compound 41 was 70-fold higher than that of nifedipine. This was also true for the vasoconstricting compound 22, which was as potent as Bay K 8644 in enhancing the Ca(2+)-evoked contractions of rabbit aorta strips, yet it had poor inotropic activity in rabbit left atria. Oral administration of compounds 38, 40, 43, and 53 (20 mg/kg) caused a 35-37% decrease in systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); these effects were similar to those of nifedipine. However, iv administration of these compounds to anesthetized SHR caused a decrease in blood pressure which was more pronounced and long-lasting than that of nifedipine. When administered iv at 100 micrograms/kg, the vasoconstricting compound 22 caused a 40% increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Compound 22 exhibited an unusually interesting feature over the other five Ca2+ DHP agonists: it had diester substitutions at the C-3 and C-5 positions of the DHP ring. Overall, compounds possessing these properties might be useful in treating clinical cardiovascular conditions in which DHP Ca2+ antagonists or agonists are indicated.
New technique for repairing opaque defects (1995)

In order to repair opaque defects using a focused ion beam instrument that utilizes a Ga ion source, the excess film must be removed by sputter etching. Unfortunately, this method of repairing opaque defects does have several drawbacks. The first and foremost problem is the occurrence of the so called 'river bed', which greatly limits the effectiveness of the FIB mask repair instrument. We have found, however, that by using a new gas assisted etching procedure, the size of river beds can be reduced substantially, while simultaneously producing several other favorable effects. By introducing a new gas, the etching rate for chromium is enhanced 1.26 times, and the etching rate for quartz substrate is reduced 0.28 times. Therefore, the damage to the quartz substrate is reduced by 0.22 times over that found when no gas is used. In addition, the favorable effects make it possible to terminate etching on the quartz substrate, producing a noticeably flat chrome removed surface with little Ga staining. We evaluated the repaired masks using an inspection system, and then examined their printability using an I-line stepper. We obtained highly favorable results on both accounts.
Gain Characterization of p-Doped 1.3 μm InAs Quantum Dot Lasers on Silicon: Theory and Experiment (2018)

We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the gain characteristics of modulation p-doped 1.3 μm quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on silicon. The inhomogeneous broadening is extracted to be 10 meV. A p-doped quantum dot active region has been found to show lower transparency current and higher material gain.
1F34 Friction and Micro-Structural Properties of Rabbit Knee Joint Cartilage (2016)

Microscopic structure of articular cartilage, including collagen and proteoglycans, is believed to provide a major impact on the low-friction functionality of the joint. Osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease and might reduce joint function. The method to evaluate the function of knee joint is required for the use of treatment. Pendulum test method is one of the way to assess mechanical characteristics including coefficient of friction. In this study, the pendulum tests of rabbit knee joints were conducted by using a lightweight pendulum frame (about 200g), since using heavy pendulum frame may cause damage to cartilage. Not only friction coefficient but also viscosity coefficient and elastic coefficient were calculated from the pendulum decay curve. Pendulum tests with various pendulum masses and positions of gravity center were carried out by attaching the weight on the frame. Friction coefficient and viscosity coefficient tended to increase with increasing the weight of pendulum. Moreover, a tendency that the friction coefficient and viscosity coefficient increases were observed as the gravity center of pendulum lowered.