gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric pressure microwave induced plasma ionization source for molecular mass spectrometry (1998)

An atmospheric pressure microwave induced plasma ionization (AP-MIPI) source design for molecular analysis is presented. It consists of three sections: the torch, the microwave cavity, and the vacuum interface. The torch uses an oscillating capillary nebulizer for introduction of aqueous solutions into the afterglow of the MIP. Samples introduced into the afterglow of the plasma are ionized by protonated solvent molecules in a fashion similar to the chemical ionization process. The ions are then transported into the mass spectrometer using a heated capillary tube. The combination of an improved torch design and the heated capillary tube provides a stable ionization source for direct aqueous solution introduction with flow rates of up to 0.5 mL/min. The system works well with solvent compositions similar to those used in high performance liquid chromatography. For most samples studied, the protonated molecules were the base peaks of the mass spectra. A linear dynamic range of at least two orders of magnitude and an upper limit of quantitation of 5 ng were observed for alanine. The technique was shown to maintain reproducibility and moderate loss of sensitivity (33% reduction) when an amino acid solution containing a sodium phosphate buffer was analyzed. The optimization of experimental parameters with respect to the torch and vacuum interface is discussed.
Modeling and Simulation of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Tools that can model embedded software as well as components, and can automate the details of electric and hybrid vehicle design, need to be developed. (2007)

This paper discusses the need for modeling and simulation of electric and hybrid vehicles. Different modeling methods such as physics-based Resistive Companion Form technique and Bond Graph method are presented with power- train component and system modeling examples. The modeling and simulation capabilities of existing tools such as Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT), ADvanced VehIcle SimulatOR (ADVISOR), PSIM, and Virtual Test Bed are demonstrated through application examples. Since power electronics is indispensable in hybrid vehicles, the issue of numerical oscillations in dynamic simulations involving power electronics is briefly addressed.
Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of heteropoly acids for their optimized application in selective biomass oxidation to formic acid (2013)

Different Keggin-type polyoxometalates have been synthesized and characterized in order to identify optimized homogeneous catalysts for the selective oxidation of biomass to formic acid (FA) using oxygen as an oxidant and p-toluenesulfonic acid as an additive. Applying the optimized polyoxometalate catalyst system H8[PV5Mo7O40] (HPA-5), a total FA-yield (with respect to carbon in the biogenic feedstock) of 60% for glucose within 8 h reaction time and 28% for cellulose within 24 h reaction time could be achieved. The transformation is characterized by its mild reaction temperature, its excellent selectivity to FA in the liquid product phase and its applicability to a very wide range of biogenic raw materials including non-edible biopolymers and complex biogenic mixtures.
Fractal-like Self-Assembly of Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) Capped Gold Nanoparticles (2005)

Reversible interparticle self-organization is reported for gold nanoparticles functionalized with an oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) moiety in butanol. The aggregates show a clear melting temperature at 80 degrees C, and atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicate a fractal-like organization of the particles.
A Direct Metalation Approach to 2-Alkylthio-2,2-Diaryl Substituted Acetic Acids (1996)

A series of 2-alkylthio-2,2-diaryl substituted acetic acids have been synthesized through a sequential metalation of diarylmethanes with the superbasic mixtures butyllithium/diisopropylamine/potassium tert-butoxide (LIDAKOR).
Identification of Genes with Prognostic and Therapeutic Relevance in Multiple Myeloma Using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression Technique. (2007)

Abstract Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) allows a comprehensive profiling of gene expression within a given tissue and also an assessment of transcript abundance. Objectives: We generated SAGE libraries from normal and neoplastic plasma cells with the aim of identifying genes differentially expressed in MM that could be useful as new potential diagnostic, prognostic markers or therapeutic targets. Material and methods: Normal plasma cells were obtained from palatine tonsils of 20 children who underwent tonsillectomy. MM SAGE library was obtained from bone marrow plasma cells of two IgGk newly diagnosed MM patients. Purified normal and neoplastic plasma cells were isolated after magnetic sorting of CD-138-positive cells. Results: We obtained 29,918 SAGE tags from normal and 10,340 tags from tumor libraries. Computer-generated genomic analysis identified 50 overexpressed genes in MM library. After comparison of unique tags expression levels, we selected 12 overexpressed (at least 10 times) genes in the MM library (ZFHX1B, XBP1, PIM2, LGALS1, RANBP2, P53CSV, DDX5, LSM5, JUND, MAPKAPK2, SP140 and NTN1) for further investigation. Expression of 10 out of 12 genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR in purified plasma cells of 31 MM patients and three controls. XBP1, RANBP2, P53CSV, DDX5, MAPKAPK2 were overexpressed in at least 50% of MM cases. Comparative analyses of relative expression (2-D D CT) of the 10 genes in 31 MM cases and 3 controls showed statistically significant difference between cases and controls for all genes but PIM2 and ZHFX1B, confirming the SAGE data. Also, we could identify that RANBP2 and ZHFX1B have prognostic impact in MM OS (p = 0.040 and p = 0.0502, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed RANBP2 expression as a good independent prognostic marker. Conclusions: SAGE technique allowed the identification of genes differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic plasma cells. These genes may have important role in tumorigenesis or may be possible therapeutic targets for MM control, particularly P53CSV and MAPKAPK2, or prognostic impact, as RANBP2.
AN ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING TENSILE STRENGTH OF SOUTHERN PINE LUMBER (1997)

The goal of this research was to develop nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technology to enhance mechanicalstress rating of lumber. An ultrasonic NDE technique was developed that is sensitive to grain angle and edge knots inlumber two primary determinants of lumber strength. The presence of edge knots increased the acoustic wave traveltime and selectively attenuated the higher frequency ultrasonic energy. NDE measurements and tension tests wereperformed on 200 pieces of nominal 50 150 mm Southern Pine lumber. Statistical models were developed from localizedstress wave indices to predict lumber tensile strength. The ultrasonic method compared favorably with other NDEmethods, including static modulus of elasticity (MOE), impact stress wave MOE and transverse vibration MOE.
Neural tensor contractions and the expressive power of deep neural quantum states (2022)

We establish a direct connection between general tensor networks and deep feed-forward artificial neural networks. The core of our results is the construction of neural-network layers that efficiently perform tensor contractions and that use commonly adopted nonlinear activation functions. The resulting deep networks feature a number of edges that closely match the contraction complexity of the tensor networks to be approximated. In the context of many-body quantum states, this result establishes that neural-network states have strictly the same or higher expressive power than practically usable variational tensor networks. As an example, we show that all matrix product states can be efficiently written as neural-network states with a number of edges polynomial in the bond dimension and depth that is logarithmic in the system size. The opposite instead does not hold true, and our results imply that there exist quantum states that are not efficiently expressible in terms of matrix product states or projected entangled pair states but that are instead efficiently expressible with neural network states.
Boronic Acid with High Oxidative Stability and Utility in Biological Contexts (2020)

Despite their desirable attributes, boronic acids have had a minimal impact in biological contexts. A significant problem has been their oxidative instability. At physiological pH, phenylboronic acid and its boronate esters are oxidized by reactive oxygen species at rates comparable to those of thiols. After considering the mechanism and kinetics of the oxidation reaction, we reasoned that diminishing electron density on boron could enhance oxidative stability. We found that a boralactone, in which a carboxyl group serves as an intramolecular ligand for the boron, increases stability by 104-fold. Computational analyses revealed that the resistance to oxidation arises from diminished stabilization of the p orbital of boron that develops in the rate-limiting transition state of the oxidation reaction. Like simple boronic acids and boronate esters, a boralactone binds covalently and reversibly to 1,2-diols, such as those in saccharides. The kinetic stability of its complexes is, however, at least 20-fold greater. A boralactone also binds covalently to a serine side chain in a protein. These attributes confer unprecedented utility upon boralactones in the realms of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
A model for a three-phase Modular Multi-level Converter based on Inductive Power Transfer technology (M2LC-IPT) (2015)

Modular Multi-level Converter (M2LC) has become increasingly attractive topology for various medium to high voltage applications. However, in comparison with other multilevel converters, circulating currents that are inherent to M2LCs increase the converter losses and complexity of the control scheme. A modified M2LC topology, based on Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) technology, has been proposed to maintain the capacitor voltage of each module within a narrow band around the nominal value to minimize circulating currents. This paper presents a mathematical model for the M2LC-IPT topology to predict the dynamic behavior of the converter. The validity of the mathematical model is verified by comparing theoretical results with simulations of a three-phase three-level 2-kVA grid connected M2LC-IPT system.
Progress in the growth of nonpolar gallium nitride (2007)

Abstract The active regions of conventional c ‐plane (Al,In,Ga)N optoelectronic devices suffer from deleterious polarization effects. These polarization effects can be eliminated by growing devices on alternative GaN planes, such as {1 $ \bar 1 $ 00} m ‐plane or {11 $ \bar 2 $ 0} a ‐plane films. Previous attempts to grow nonpolar GaN by vapor phase and molecular beam epitaxy methods yielded rough and faceted surfaces that were unsuitable for device use. Beginning with Waltereit et al.'s work [Nature 406 , 865 (2000)], significant progress has been made in improving nonpolar GaN structural quality and morphology. This paper reviews the structural and morphological characteristics of planar, nonpolar a ‐plane and m ‐plane GaN films grown by vapor phase and molecular beam epitaxy techniques. Defect reduction via lateral epitaxial overgrowth, and the influence of extended defects on surface morphology will be further discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In vivo 3-D vector velocity estimation with continuous data (2015)

In this study, a method for estimating 3-D vector velocities at very high frame rate using continuous data acquisition is presented. An emission sequence was designed to acquire real-time continuous data in one plane. The transverse oscillation (TO) method was used to estimate 3-D vector flow in a carotid flow phantom and in vivo in the common carotid artery of a healthy 27-year old female. Based on the out-of-plane velocity component during four periodic cycles, estimated flow rates in an experimental setup was 2.96 ml/s ± 0.35 ml/s compared to the expected 3.06 ml/s ± 0.09 ml/s. In the in vivo measurements, three heart cycles acquired at 2.1 kHz showed peak out-of-plane velocities of 83 cm/s, 87 cm/s and 90 cm/s in agreement with the 92 cm/s found with spectral Doppler. Mean flow rate was estimated to 257 ml/min. The results demonstrate that accurate real-time 3-D vector velocities can be obtained using the TO method, which can be used to improve operator-independece when examining blood flow in vivo, thereby increasing accuracy and consistency.
1461: Local Control and Long Term Disease Free Survival Following Radical Prostatectomy for D1 Prostate Cancer In The PSA ERA (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Tuesday, May 11, 2004, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041461: Local Control and Long Term Disease Free Survival Following Radical Prostatectomy for D1 Prostate Cancer In The PSA ERA Carl K. Gjertson, Kevin P. Asher, Joshua D. Sclar, Aaron E. Katz, Erik T. Goluboff, Carl A. Olsson, Mitchell C. Benson, and James M. McKiernan Carl K. GjertsonCarl K. Gjertson More articles by this author , Kevin P. AsherKevin P. Asher More articles by this author , Joshua D. SclarJoshua D. Sclar More articles by this author , Aaron E. KatzAaron E. Katz More articles by this author , Erik T. GoluboffErik T. Goluboff More articles by this author , Carl A. OlssonCarl A. Olsson More articles by this author , Mitchell C. BensonMitchell C. Benson More articles by this author , and James M. McKiernanJames M. McKiernan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38686-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1461: Local Control and Long Term Disease Free Survival Following Radical Prostatectomy for D1 Prostate Cancer In The PSA ERA." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 385 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByBenson M and McKiernan J (2018) Prostate Specific Antigen ScreeningJournal of Urology, VOL. 177, NO. 4, (1225-1226), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2007. Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 385 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Carl K. Gjertson More articles by this author Kevin P. Asher More articles by this author Joshua D. Sclar More articles by this author Aaron E. Katz More articles by this author Erik T. Goluboff More articles by this author Carl A. Olsson More articles by this author Mitchell C. Benson More articles by this author James M. McKiernan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Energy‐Transfer Efficiency in Stacked Oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene)s: Pronounced Effects of Order (2005)

The supramolecular structure of two types of oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (OPV) building blocks in dodecane solution is studied. Monofunctional chromophores (MOPV) form well-defined helical assemblies, whereas bifunctional molecules (BOPV) aggregate into so-called frustrated stacks, lacking any higher helical order. This difference in organization has a major influence on the transfer of excitation energy through the assemblies. Energy transfer to supramolecularly incorporated guests (MOPV with lower bandgap) is used to probe the intrinsic differences in exciton mobility in these two types of mixed aggregates. From the observed donor fluorescence quenching, it can be concluded that the helically ordered nature of the MOPV stacks facilitates the transfer of excitation energy, yielding evidence for higher exciton mobility in the well-ordered assemblies than in the frustrated stacks. Finally, the concept of energy transfer in supramolecular assemblies is extended to the solid state by the successful implementation in a light-emitting diode (LED).
Multi-Objective Optimization of 2.5D and 3D Meta-Atoms (2021)

Metamaterial and metasurface devices (i.e., meta-devices) have shown tremendous potential for disrupting conventional RF and optical components due to their ability to manipulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a tailored fashion. These meta-devices are generally synthesized from building blocks known as “meta-atoms” whose properties are engineered to achieve a specific electromagnetic response. In order to maximize the performance of these meta-atoms, numerical optimization techniques are often employed in conjunction with rigorous full-wave electromagnetics solvers due to their complex behaviors and the lack of established design rules. In this presentation, inverse-design strategies based on multi-objective optimization are introduced and used to realize high performance 2.5D and 3D meta-atom building blocks which can be used to synthesize a variety of meta-devices.
Electro-optical and lasing properties of hybrid quantum dot/quantum well material system for reconfigurable photonic devices (2013)

We characterize the electro-optical and lasing properties of a hybrid material consisting of multiple InAs quantum dot (QD) layers together with an InGaAs quantum well (QW) grown on a GaAs substrate. Over 40 nm Stark shift of the InGaAs QW leading to 9 dB extinction ratio was demonstrated. Lasing operation at the QD first excited state transition of 1070 nm was achieved and together with &amp;lt; 10 ps absorption recovery the system shows promise for high-speed mode-locked lasers and electro-modulated lasers.
A New Photocaging Group for Aromatic N-Heterocycles (2006)

Biologically relevant nitrogen-containing heterocycles were photo-protected using an NPOM caging group that is stable under physiological conditions but readily decages under irradiation with non-photodamaging UV light.
Daset al.Reply: (2005)

A Reply to the Comment by Sorin Bastea.Received 19 November 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.019402©2005 American Physical Society
Abstract 1523: Caffeine antagonizes multidrug resistance by down-regulating ABCG2 (2010)

Abstract ABCG2/BCRP (Breast Cancer Resistance Protein) is an ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter that has been shown to confer multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells, ultimately resulting in the failure of cancer chemotherapy. Accordingly, the downregulation of ABCG2 expression and/or function has been proposed as part of a regimen to improve cancer therapeutic efficacy. Caffeine and its analogs are a category of natural/synthetic and cell-permeable compounds that are used therapeutically in the treatment of occurring migraines and asthma, radiosensitization and obesity. In this study, we found that caffeine, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, can dramatically decrease ABCG2 protein in cells that have either moderate (BeWo, a placental choriocarcimoma cell line) or high (MCF7/MX100 cells, a breast cancer drug resistant cell subline) levels of ABCG2 expression. This downregulation is time-dependent, dose-dependent, and reversible. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that caffeine treatment decreases membrane-localized ABCG2 protein and significantly increases the retentions of an established ABCG2 substrate in MCF7/MX100, but not in the parental cells, demonstrating that the caffeine-mediated downregulation of ABCG2 directly decreases drug efflux. Importantly, we found that caffeine can sensitize cells to the chemotherapeutic agent mitoxantrone (MX), where combination treatment with MX and caffeine decreased the IC50 of MX ∼10-fold and induced a greater degree of apoptotic cell death compared to MX treatment alone. Additionally, several caffeine analogs were tested and exhibited a similar ability to down-regulate ABCG2; theophylline (a metabolite of caffeine, also naturally found in tea) appeared to be the most potent. Taken together, these findings suggest that caffeine or caffeine analogs could be developed as combination therapy to improve the efficacy of drugs that are ABCG2 substrates. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1523.
Open vocabulary speech recognition with flat hybrid models (2005)

Today’s speech recognition systems are able to recognize arbitrary sentences over a large but finite vocabulary. However, many important speech recognition tasks feature an open, constantly changing vocabulary. (E.g. broadcast news transcription, translation of political debates, etc. Ideally, a system designed for such open vocabulary tasks would be able to recognize arbitrary, even previously unseen words. To some extent this can be achieved by using sub-lexical language models. We demonstrate that, by using a simple flat hybrid model, we can significantly improve a well-optimized state-ofthe-art speech recognition system over a wide range of out-of-vocabulary rates.
Selecting the Best in GANs Family: a Post Selection Inference Framework (2018)

"Which Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) generates the most plausible images?" has been a frequently asked question among researchers. To address this problem, we first propose an \emph{incomplete} U-statistics estimate of maximum mean discrepancy $\mathrm{MMD}_{inc}$ to measure the distribution discrepancy between generated and real images. $\mathrm{MMD}_{inc}$ enjoys the advantages of asymptotic normality, computation efficiency, and model agnosticity. We then propose a GANs analysis framework to select and test the "best" member in GANs family using the Post Selection Inference (PSI) with $\mathrm{MMD}_{inc}$. In the experiments, we adopt the proposed framework on 7 GANs variants and compare their $\mathrm{MMD}_{inc}$ scores.
Sutchuenoside A: a New Kaempferol Glycoside from the Aerial Parts of Epimedium sutchuenense (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSutchuenoside A: a New Kaempferol Glycoside from the Aerial Parts of Epimedium sutchuenenseMizuo Mizuno, Munekazu Iinuma, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Hirobumi Yamamoto, and Zhi-ben TuCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1991, 54, 5, 1427–1429Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50077a036https://doi.org/10.1021/np50077a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views286Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts