gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Learning Applications in Resource Constrained Networks (2009)

Efficient design of social networking applications must take account of two guiding principles: the adaptive processes by which humans learn and spread new information, and the communication and technological constraints that in turn define the boundaries of human social behavior in virtual communities. In this paper, we introduce the concept of social learning in decentralized, resource-constrained networks. We present a mathematical model for spread of information and derive the optimum strategy that minimizes the total cost of learning in cooperative social networks. We then extend our model to allow individuals to limit their cooperative behavior in spreading their knowledge. Our results demonstrate that increased cooperation reduces the overall cost and accelerates the rate of learning new information.
GFP Reporter Screens for the Engineering of Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes from Libraries Expressed in Bacteria (2013)

There is significant interest in engineering human amino acid degrading enzymes as non-immunogenic chemotherapeutic agents. We describe a high-throughput fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) assay for detecting the catalytic activity of amino acid degrading enzymes in bacteria, at the single cell level. This assay relies on coupling the synthesis of the GFP reporter to the catalytic activity of the desired amino acid degrading enzyme in an appropriate E. coli genetic background. The method described here allows facile screening of much larger libraries (10(6)-10(7)) than was previously possible. We demonstrate the application of this technique in the screening of libraries of bacterial and human asparaginases and also for the catalytic optimization of an engineered human methionine gamma lyase.
Resolving Referring Expressions in Conversational Dialogs for Natural User Interfaces (2014)

Unlike traditional over-the-phone spoken dialog systems (SDSs), modern dialog systems tend to have visual rendering on the device screen as an additional modality to communicate the system's response to the user. Visual display of the system's response not only changes human behavior when interacting with devices, but also creates new research areas in SDSs. Onscreen item identification and resolution in utterances is one critical problem to achieve a natural and accurate humanmachine communication. We pose the problem as a classification task to correctly identify intended on-screen item(s) from user utterances. Using syntactic, semantic as well as context features from the display screen, our model can resolve different types of referring expressions with up to 90% accuracy. In the experiments we also show that the proposed model is robust to domain and screen layout changes.
Adsorption in single-walled carbon nanotubes by experiments and molecular simulation II: Effect of morphology and temperature on organic adsorption (2005)

In this study, hexane adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles was studied using the methodology developed in part I of this series of papers. First, hexane adsorption capacities of two purified SWNT samples was gravimetrically determined at isothermal conditions of 25, 37 and 50 C for 10 < p/po < 0.9, where p/po is hexane vapor pressure relative to its saturation pressure. Next, simulation of hexane adsorption under similar temperature and pressure conditions were performed on the external and internal sites of nanotube bundles of diameters same as those in experimental samples. The internal adsorption was adjusted to incorporate the information about the fraction of open nanotubes present in the sample, as determined in part I; and total adsorption was calculated by summation of external and internal adsorption in the bundles. Comparison of experimental and simulated hexane adsorption capacities demonstrated the soundness of the methodology developed in part I, importance of organic adsorption on the peripheral surface of the bundles, limiting adsorption capacities of samples and effect of temperature on organic adsorption in nanotubes.
Temporal and Spatial Challenges for Electron Acceleration inside Dielectric Laser Accelerators in the Relativistic Regime (2021)

We will discuss the temporal and spatial challenges for electron acceleration inside dielectric laser accelerators to demonstrate electron acceleration in the relativistic regime and show recent acceleration results in 100 MeV electron energy range.
Native high-resolution 3D SSFP MR angiography for assessing the thoracic aorta (2014)

native 3D SSFP MRA as an appropriate alternative to contrast-enhanced MRA to assess the thoracic aorta.
Spontaneous Airways Constrict During Breath Holding Studied by High-Resolution Computed Tomography (1994)

Airway constriction during a breath hold could not be examined previously using standard methods. We used high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in vivo to assess the temporal changes in airway area and the effects of a deep inspiration with and without vagal suppression. Five dogs were anesthetized, intubated, and their lungs ventilated with 100 percent oxygen. Fifteen HRCT slices were obtained at functional residual capacity (FRC) either immediately after stopping ventilation at end expiration after either a tidal volume breath or three deep inspirations. Subsequently the dogs were given atropine, 0.2 mg/kg, and the scans were repeated. The cross-sectional areas of 33 airways ranging in size from 1.6 to 9.7 mm in diameter were measured. Airways were separated in three groups based on size: small (< 3 mm in diameter); medium (3 to 6-mm in diameter); and large (> 6 mm in diameter). The small, medium, and large airways showed a spontaneous constriction over time to 49 +/- 8 percent, 83 +/- 4 percent, and 82 +/- 4 percent of initial airway size, respectively (p < 0.01), (p < 0.0001). The deep inspiration caused an initial dilation only in the smallest airways to 133.3 +/- 4 percent. The subsequent constrictions were even greater than after the tidal volume breath averaging 67 +/- 15 percent, 61 +/- 6 percent, and 60 +/- 9 percent of initial airway area in the small, medium, and large airways, respectively (p = 0.001). Atropine caused an average increase in baseline airway area of 115 +/- 5 percent and 121 +/- 6 percent after a tidal volume breath and deep inspiration, respectively, compared with the preatropine controls, with no difference between the three groups. Atropine also completely abolished the spontaneous airway constriction observed after either a tidal volume breath or a deep inspiration in all three groups equally. In conclusion, using direct airway imaging in vivo, we found that airways spontaneously constrict during a prolonged expiratory pause, and a deep inspiration significantly augments this airway constriction. These responses are mediated via vagal afferent pathways, likely arising from progressively decreasing slow-adapting receptor activity.
A high-voltage-tolerant stimulator realized in the low-voltage CMOS process for cochlear implant (2014)

A biomedical stimulator with four high-voltagetolerant output channels, combined with on-chip positive high voltage generator, is proposed. For the purpose of integration with other circuit blocks into a system-on-chip (SoC) for cochlear implant biomedical applications, this design has been realized with the 1.8-V/3.3-V transistors in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. This stimulator only needs one single supply voltage of 1.8 V, but the maximum stimulation voltage can be as high as 7 V. The dynamic bias technique and stacked MOS configuration are used to implement this stimulator in the low-voltage CMOS process, without causing the issues of electrical overstress and gate-oxide reliability during circuit operation.
Polymerization reactions involving the side chains of .alpha.-L-amino acids (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization reactions involving the side chains of .alpha.-L-amino acidsJoachim Kohn and Robert LangerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3, 817–820Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00237a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00237a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views786Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Albumin—Beyond Fluid Replacement in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery (2014)

Maintaining vascular barrier competence, preventing interstitial edema, and keeping microcirculation intact is crucial to achieve an optimal outcome in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB). Blood contact with roller pumps and foreign surfaces during CPB induces shear stress and a pressure drop across the pump boot that leads to transient systemic activation of the inflammatory and hemostatic systems. Moreover, patients after CPB often need volume resuscitation using the smallest possible amount of colloid solution because of fluid overload. For this purpose, human-derived albumin may be preferred over synthetic colloids because CPB priming with albumin preserves oncotic pressure, prevents platelet adhesion, and likely induces less consumption of coagulation factors. In patients with increased bleeding or renal failure, albumin is a safe alternative because of its minimal side effects. Large, randomized clinical trials comparing the benefit of albumin versus other fluids are warranted in the future to define albumin's distinct role in select high-risk surgical populations.
Increasing antiviral treatment uptake improves survival in patients with HBV-related HCC (2020)

More and more patients who have hepatitis B-related liver cancer received antiviral treatment over the past decade. The timing of starting antiviral treatment, regardless of whether it was before or after liver cancer happens, does not really matter in terms of survival benefits.
Optimum multiuser OFDM systems with unequal subchannel assignment (2004)

This paper considers the design of multicarrier transceiver systems like OFDM/DMT supporting multiple users. The supported users may have differing quality of service (QoS) requirements, quantified by their respective bit rate and symbol error rate specifications. Different users on the system can be potentially assigned different number of subchannels, to reflect their service priorities. Our goal is to minimize the transmitted power given the QoS specifications for the different users, subject to the knowledge of colored interference at the receiver input of the OFDM system. In particular we find an optimum bit loading scheme that distributed the bit rate transmitted across the various subchannels belonging to the different users, and subject to this bit allocation, determine an optimum transceiver.
Hygienic assessment of polymeric coatings by physico-chemical and microbiological approaches (2004)

Abstract Various coatings currently used in wall panels for building applications were assessed. The hygienic properties of coatings were investigated by the ease of cleaning as well as in terms of their anti-fouling property. The surface energy of the coatings was calculated using the acid- base approach (according to van Oss, Chaudhury and Good). In our work, the results are found to be relatively consistent and we discriminated apolar, monopolar basic, or coatings with acid-base character. As far as the fouling aspect is concerned, the bacterial survival, expressed as percentage, is governed by environmental factors such as relative humidity and the presence of nutrients on coatings. In our experimental conditions, the surface properties of the coatings have been found to play a secondary role. On clean coatings, the percentage of survival increases with a decrease of the relative humidity. After 24 h of exposure to a wet environment, the survival is around 11-15% on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) coatings with an acid-base character and an acidic parameter (γS + ≥ 0.1 mJ/m2). The percentage of survival is twice as high as on monopolar basic coatings in the same environmental conditions. Nevertheless, it is 100% in a dry environment. On the other hand, on soiled coatings, the nutrients play a protective role in the bacterial survival as the percentage of survival is 100% in a wet environment and 60-78% in a dry environment. Regarding the ease of cleaning, the cleaning kinetics is ten times as fast on surfaces with an acid-base character as on highly monopolar basic coatings (with the basic parameter, γS -higher than 8 mJ/m2). As a rule, the more the acid-base character of the coating surface, the easier it was to clean in our experimental conditions. This last point underscores the importance of controlling the coating cleaning and the necessity for proposing easy-to-clean materials in order to ensure hygiene. Keywords: Polymeric coatingsteelfoulingcleaningbacteria.
The circular dichroism of (R)-(+)-ethan[2H]ol (1992)

A. Gedanken, C. W. Mosher and H. S. Mosher, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 430 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000430
In search of quantum-limited contact resistance: understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic effects on the graphene–metal interface (2016)

Owing to its two-dimensional structure, graphene is extremely sensitive to surface contamination. Conventional processing techniques inevitably modify graphene's intrinsic properties by introducing adsorbents and/or defects which limit device performance and understanding the intrinsic properties of graphene. Here we demonstrate femtosecond laser direct patterning of graphene microstructures, without the aid of resists or other chemicals, that enables us to study both intrinsic and extrinsic effects on the graphene–metal interface. The pulsed femtosecond laser was configured to ablate epitaxial graphene (EG) on a sub-micrometer scale and form a precisely defined region without damaging the surrounding material or substrate. The ablated area was sufficient to electrically isolate transfer length measurement structures and Hall devices for subsequent transport measurements. Using pristine and systematically contaminated surfaces, we found that Ni does not form bonds to EG synthesized on SiC in contrast to the well-known C–Ni bond formation for graphene synthesized on metals; known as end-contacting. Without end-contacting, the contact resistance (RC) of Ni to pristine and resist-contaminated EG are one and two orders of magnitude larger, respectively, than the intrinsic quantum limited contact resistance. The range of reported RC values is explained using carrier transmission probability, as exemplified by the Landauer–Büttiker model, which is dependent on the presence or absence of end-contacts and dopant/work-function mediated conduction. The model predicts the need for both end-contacts and a clean graphene–metal interface as necessary conditions to approach quantum limited contact resistance.
Comparative Study of Piezoelectric Transducers for Power Scavengers (2006)

Ambient energy scanvengers have the potentials to replace batteries, which have limited lifetime and large volume, and to realize the miniaturized devices. Piezoelectric materials have been testified as a promising candidate for converting vibration energy into electric energy. The conversion efficiency depends on the types of piezoelectric materials and structural designs. PZT, PVDF and MFC cantilevers were studied to compare the performance and applicability under various operational conditions. The resonant frequency of cantilever was calculated and measured to optimize the dimension of cantilevers because the maximum output power density can be achieved when it matches the exciting frequency. The safety factor or maximum operating acceleration (S) is considered to predict the maximum acceleration on the cantilevers without fracture. Results showed that PVDF-and MFC-based devices are around five orders of magnitude higher between PZT-based one. The relationship between the output power density and the dimension of power generator was extensively examined. The output power densities of cantilever-based prototypes fabricated using three piezoelectric materials were obtained through a simple resistive load and the PZT-based device showed the highest value. All three types of devices were demonstrated sufficient power density required to operate microsensor systems in this experimental range.
Low Voltage Fault Attacks on the RSA Cryptosystem (2009)

Fault injection attacks are a powerful tool to exploit implementative weaknesses of robust cryptographic algorithms. The faults induced during the computation of the cryptographic primitives allow to extract pieces of information about the secret parameters stored into the device using the erroneous results. Various fault induction techniques have been researched, both to make practical several theoretical fault models proposed in open literature and to outline new kinds of vulnerabilities. In this paper we describe a non-invasive fault model based on the effects of underfeeding the power supply of an ARM general purpose CPU. We describe the methodology followed to characterize the fault model on an ARM9 microprocessor and propose and mount attacks on implementations of the RSA primitives.
Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Gas-Phase Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange for Metabolomics Analyses (2017)

Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) in combination with gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) is evaluated as an analytical method for small-molecule standard and mixture characterization. Experiments show that compound ions exhibit unique HDX reactivities that can be used to distinguish different species. Additionally, it is shown that gas-phase HDX kinetics can be exploited to provide even further distinguishing capabilities by using different partial pressures of reagent gas. The relative HDX reactivity of a wide variety of molecules is discussed in light of the various molecular structures. Additionally, hydrogen accessibility scoring (HAS) and HDX kinetics modeling of candidate (in silico) ion structures is utilized to estimate the relative ion conformer populations giving rise to specific HDX behavior. These data interpretation methods are discussed with a focus on developing predictive tools for HDX behavior. Finally, an example is provided in which ion mobility information is supplemented with HDX reactivity data to aid identification efforts of compounds in a metabolite extract. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Transposition of the Endogenous Insertion Sequence Element IS 1126 Modulates Gingipain Expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis (1999)

We have previously reported on a Tn4351-generated mutant of Porphyromonas gingivalis (MSM-3) which expresses enhanced arginine-specific proteinase activity and does not utilize hemin or hemoglobin for growth (C. A. Genco et al., Infect. Immun. 63:2459-2466, 1995). In the process of characterizing the genetic lesion in P. gingivalis MSM-3, we have determined that the endogenous P. gingivalis insertion sequence element IS1126 is capable of transposition within P. gingivalis. We have also determined that IS1126 transposition modulates the transcription of the genes encoding the lysine-specific proteinase, gingipain K (kgp) and the arginine-specific proteinase, gingipain R2 (rgpB). Sequence analysis of P. gingivalis MSM-3 revealed that Tn4351 had inserted 60 bp upstream of the P. gingivalis endogenous IS element IS1126. Furthermore, P. gingivalis MSM-3 exhibited two additional copies of IS1126 compared to the parental strain A7436. Examination of the first additional IS1126 element, IS1126(1), indicated that it has inserted into the putative promoter region of the P. gingivalis kgp gene. Analysis of total RNA extracted from P. gingivalis MSM-3 demonstrated no detectable kgp transcript; likewise, P. gingivalis MSM-3 was devoid of lysine-specific proteinase activity. The increased arginine-specific proteinase activity exhibited by P. gingivalis MSM-3 was demonstrated to correlate with an increase in the rgpA and rgpB transcripts. The second additional IS1126 element, IS1126(2), was found to have inserted upstream of a newly identified gene, hmuR, which exhibits homology to a number of TonB-dependent genes involved in hemin and iron acquisition. Analysis of total RNA from P. gingivalis MSM-3 demonstrated that hmuR is transcribed, indicating that the insertion of IS1126 had not produced a polar effect on hmuR transcription. The hemin-hemoglobin defect in P. gingivalis MSM-3 is proposed to result from the inactivation of Kgp, which has recently been demonstrated to function in hemoglobin binding. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that the introduction of Tn4351 into the P. gingivalis chromosome has resulted in two previously undocumented phenomena in P. gingivalis: (i) the transposition of the endogenous insertion sequence element IS1126 and (ii) the modulation of gingipain transcription and translation as a result of IS1126 transposition.
Short-term Regulation of Insulin Receptor Affinity in Man (1980)

We have studied the short term regulation of insulin receptors by serially measuring insulin binding to erythrocytes during 5 h of infusions of glucose and insulin. Two infusion protocols were employed: (1) Hyperinsulinemic study. Subjects were infused with insulin (80 mU/min) to induce sustained hyperinsulinemia, while euglycemia was approximated by infusion of glucose (8 mg/kg/min). (2) Hyperglycemic study. Subjects were infused with glucose (7 mg/kg/min) and a small amount of insulin (10 mU/min), while endogenous insulin secretion was inhibited with epinephrine and propranolol. Insulin binding to erythrocyte insulin receptors was measured serially during both of these infusion protocols for 5 h. The results demonstrated no change in insulin binding during the first 3 h of either infusion. However, by 5 h of either infusion, a striking 36% decrease in insulin binding, from 6.3 ± 0.5% to 4.0 ± 0.6%, was observed. Scatchard analysis and average affinity analysis of the binding data demonstrated that this decrease in insulin binding was entirely caused by a decrease in receptor affinity. Insulin binding to circulating monocytes was also measured, and comparable effects were observed. When cells were removed from the in vivo environment at 3 h and were incubated in vitro for a subsequent 2 h, decreased insulin binding developed during the incubation. Thus, this short term regulation of insulin receptor affinity occurred in vivo or in vitro, and cells that were programmed during the first 3 h of the infusion study could develop a decrease in insulin receptor affinity in vitro in the absence of plasma factors.