gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-duplex relay VLC in LED lighting linear system topology (2013)

Visible light communications (VLC) with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodes enables a wide range of applications in LED lighting systems. One of the main challenges in VLC is the limited range of reliable communications, owing mainly to the non-coherent nature of optical communications and limited output power of LED luminaires. In order to enhance VLC range without compromising the network throughput, we consider full-duplex relay VLC. Specifically, we consider a basic 3-luminaire (source, relay and destination) linear system topology under amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward processing at the relay luminaire. Due to full-duplex operation at the relay luminaire, a self-interference signal component arises and is subsequently canceled out as part of the relay processing. We analyze the system performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) and show that multiple orders of magnitude improvement in BER is achieved as compared to direct link VLC under practical indoor conditions.
Photoreflectance characterization of the plasma-induced damage in Si substrate (2000)

Si surface damage induced during Ar and CHF3/CF4/Ar plasma processing has been characterized by photoreflectance spectroscopy (PRS). The photoreflectance (PR) signal intensity decreases drastically as the rf input power increases in the Si substrate exposed to the plasma. The recovery of the plasma-induced damage is confirmed by PRS after subsequent annealing over 500 °C. We found, from the shift of the PR spectra, the strain at the Si surface induced by the plasma treatment might be due to the introduction of the ions, C, F, or H, not to those of Ar. The depth profile of the defect density in the Si substrate is estimated quantitatively by analyzing the depth profile of the PR signal intensities.
Bend-insensitive lasing characteristics of singlemode, large-mode-area Ytterbium-doped photonic crystal fiber (2008)

The bend-insensitive lasing characteristics of a newly designed ytterbium-doped photonic crystal fiber (YPCF) are evaluated numerically. The designed YPCF remains single-mode and possesses large-mode-area of 1400 microm(2) at 1064 nm wavelength with the beam quality factor (M(2)) of 1.15, suggesting a diffraction-limited and continuous-wave lasing operation. The doped-region size is optimized for maximum conversion efficiency and it is found through numerical simulations that the doped radius should be more than 21 microm. The "mode expansion", which is the self-expansion of the fundamental mode within the doped region with wavelength increments on bending the fiber, is the basic physical mechanism to give the bend-insensitive lasing performances of YPCF. It leads to an unusual variation of overlap factor when the wavelength is increased. A 41 cm long piece of YPCF demonstrates more than 83% of slope efficiency with 75% of conversion efficiency when pumped with a 975 nm laser source delivering an input power of 1 W.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Boron‐Substituted Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers through NHC‐Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of (Pinacolato)boron Units to Enones (2014)

Abstract The first examples of Lewis base catalyzed enantioselective boryl conjugate additions (BCAs) that generate products containing boron‐substituted quaternary carbon stereogenic centers are disclosed. Reactions are performed in the presence of 1.0–5.0 mol % of a readily accessible chiral accessible N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and commercially available bis(pinacolato)diboron; cyclic or linear α,β‐unsaturated ketones can be used and rigorous exclusion of air or moisture is not necessary. The desired products are obtained in 63–95 % yield and 91:9 to &gt;99:1 enantiomeric ratio (e.r.). The special utility of the NHC‐catalyzed approach is demonstrated in the context of an enantioselective synthesis of natural product antifungal (−)‐crassinervic acid.
Effects of Acetic Acid, Tartaric Acid and Pb UPD on Cu Electrodeposition in Sub-Micron Trenches (2017)

The effects of acetic acid, tartaric acid, and Pb-mediated underpotential deposition (UPD) on the filling characteristics of copper electrodeposition in sub-micron trenches were studied. In the absence of other electrolyte additives, potentiostatic and galvanostatic depositions from electrolytes containing organic acids were capable of producing dense filling in sub-micron trenches due to higher deposition rates at the trench bottoms compared to the side-walls and adjacent surfaces surrounding the recessed features. The mechanism for dense filling of trenches from depositions in the organic acid containing electrolytes did not appear to match previously identified mechanisms for superfilling associated with surfactant effects. Instead, the differential deposition rates across the trench profile were attributed to textural and/or structural differences in the copper seed layer as the copper deposition rates were enhanced at both the bottom and adjacent surfaces surrounding the trenches, or sidewalls of the trench depending on the organic acid species present in the electrolyte. The organic acids induced conformal and smooth depositions improving with increasing overpotential. Pb mediated UPD yielded smooth, conformal films relative to non-mediated deposition under otherwise identical conditions. The density of the UPD mediated films was best at higher Pb coverage during Cu deposition.
ADF/Cofilin Is Not Essential but Is Critically Important for Actin Activities during Phagocytosis in Tetrahymena thermophila (2013)

ADF/cofilin is a highly conserved actin-modulating protein. Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo through severing and depolymerizing of F-actin by this protein is essential for various cellular events, such as endocytosis, phagocytosis, cytokinesis, and cell migration. We show that in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, the ADF/cofilin homologue Adf73p associates with actin on nascent food vacuoles. Overexpression of Adf73p disrupted the proper localization of actin and inhibited the formation of food vacuoles. In vitro, recombinant Adf73p promoted the depolymerization of filaments made of T. thermophila actin (Act1p). Knockout cells lacking the ADF73 gene are viable but grow extremely slowly and have a severely decreased rate of food vacuole formation. Knockout cells have abnormal aggregates of actin in the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, unlike the case in animals and yeasts, in Tetrahymena, ADF/cofilin is not required for cytokinesis. Thus, the Tetrahymena model shows promise for future studies of the role of ADF/cofilin in vivo.
Deletion of the mouse GH-binding protein (mGHBP) mRNA polyadenylation and splicing sites does not abolish production of mGHBP (1997)

In murine species, the GH receptor (mGHR) gene encodes a full-length membrane-anchored mGHR and a truncated soluble receptor ectodomain (the GH-binding protein; mGHBP). The mGHR and mGHBP mRNAs are generated by alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Similar GHR/GHBP pairs are generated in other species by proteolysis of the GHR. The regulation of GHBP expression and the biological role of GHBP are not clear. In order to begin to dissect the factors responsible for regulating expression of mGHR and mGHBP, we have cloned a mouse GH receptor/binding protein (mGHR/BP) minigene consisting of two mGHR cDNA fragments and an mGHR/BP genomic sequence, such that the mGHR and mGHBP can be derived from the minigene by mimicking native alternative pre-mRNA splicing. To study the possible role of selection of polyadenylation relative to the expression of mGHR and mGHBP, we deleted the two tandem poly A addition signals and the flanking AT-rich region within the exon (exon 8A) that encodes the carboxy terminus of mGHBP. In addition, two other mutated forms of the minigene, one containing a mutated alternative splice acceptor site (SAS) near exon 8A and the other possessing a deletion of the intron between exons 7 and 8A (intron 7/8A), were generated. Expression of the mGHR/BP minigene and its mutated forms in transfected mouse L cells revealed that removal of the polyadenylation signals diminished but did not abolish either mGHR or mGHBP production. However, mutation of the SAS yielded normal mGHR and an mGHBP which may be a result of the translation of an mRNA possessing an open reading frame in intron 7/8A. Additionally, removal of intron 7/8A abolished mGHR expression but resulted in mGHBP production. The results suggest that selection of alternative polyadenylation sites of the mGHR/BP gene does not play a major role in the regulation of expression of mGHR and mGHBP in vitro. These results also suggest that mutation of the SAS near exon 8A does not abolish the ability of mGHR/BP gene to produce an mGHBP that retains the ability to bind GH, although the new mGHBP may be different from the natural mGHBP at its carboxy terminus.
Solo Voice Detection Via Optimal Cancellation (2007)

Automatically identifying sections of solo voices or instruments within a large corpus of music recordings would be useful, for example, to construct a library of isolated instruments to train signal models. We consider several ways to identify these sections, including a baseline classifier trained on conventional speech features. Our best results, achieving frame level precision and recall of around 70%, come from an approach that attempts to track the local periodicity of an assumed solo musical voice, then classifies the segment as a genuine solo or not on the basis of what proportion of the energy can be canceled by a comb filter constructed to remove just that periodicity.
A real-time architecture for dual-microphone speech enhancement systems (2009)

In this paper, we propose a real-time architecture for a dual-microphone speech enhancement to be employed in a hands-free mobile communication. The proposed method is based on a new SNR estimation and a coherence based Voice Activity Detector (VAD). The enhancement system was implemented using MATLAB tools and DSP processors. The results show that these two implementations are comparable in terms of PESQ score. We also calculate the computational complexity of the enhancement method. The obtained results show that the proposed method is suitable from the hardware implementation point of view.
In vivo confocal microscopy in the normal corneas of cats, dogs and birds (2007)

Noninvasive IVCM allows accurate detection of corneal sublayers, corneal pachymetry, endothelial cell density and corneal innervation in various animal species. For clinical usage, patients must be under general anesthesia. The confocal images provided anatomic reference images of various healthy corneal structures in dogs, cats and birds.
Comparison of filterbanks for high quality audio coding (2003)

Perceptual coding techniques have recently been applied successfully to high-quality coding of digital audio signals. The basic perceptual coding system uses an analysis/synthesis system to map the time-domain data into a number of frequency-domain channels. A perceptual model is used to estimate the amount of noise shaping needed in order to avoid any audible noise due to the quantization of the frequency domain data. Different filterbanks have been applied to perceptual coding. A comparison of different filterbanks shows that there is no performance penalty for hybrid filterbanks compared to other solutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Light-sheet microscope (LSFM) setup and shadow suppression. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;) Beam path for light sheet-generation / fluorescence excitation (blue: left panels, top views) and for fluorescence excitation (blue) and detection (green) (right panel, side view). Scanner 1 generates the light sheet, while scanner 2 controls the illumination angle rotation. During recording, both scanners are active simultaneously. (&lt;b&gt;B, C&lt;/b&gt;) Suppression of shadow stripes by scanner 2. Single xy-plane Venus FP fluorescence images from a fluorescent mouse brain prepared from a &lt;i&gt;Tg&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;Y5RitTA⁄Y1RVenus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; [&lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124650#pone.0124650.ref039" target="_blank"&gt;39&lt;/a&gt;] mouse at P13, cleared with the 1P-BABB method and recorded with our LSFM (excitation. 514 nm; emission, bandpass 520–550 nm) demonstrate the effect of scanner 2 that rotates the light sheet (for technical details, see &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124650#pone.0124650.g003" target="_blank"&gt;Fig 3A&lt;/a&gt;). (B) scanner 1 ON, scanner 2 OFF; (C) both scanners ON. Illumination from lateral side of left hemisphere (from top of panels), imaging from dorsal (from viewer’s direction). Scale bar, 1 mm.&lt;/p&gt;
Train Communication System with Distributed Antenna System using Optical Frequency Doubler in 90 GHz Band (2018)

A Milli Meter Wave (MMW) backhaul technology for advanced high-speed trains running a tunnel for a long distance is under development for the communication gathering a large number of passenger communications transmitting to the ground. The authors are studying a system that realizes large capacity communication between trains and the ground by arranging Distributed Antenna System (DAS) along with a long distance railway. In order to transmit a radio signal between distant antennas and the main frame of base station physically, it is necessary to avoid the influence of fiber dispersion for Radio over Fiber (RoF) which transmits a radio signal over the light. We are investigating RoF system with optical multiplication which can obtain doubled frequency after transmission. In this paper, we develop the vector modulation signal transmission by the RoF used for the downlink of the base station and report on the result of the packet communication experiment with the base station and the terminal.
Tribological tests to simulate wear on piston rings (2011)

In order to reduce experimental effort, tribological tests are performed for coating selection, simulating the friction, wear and scuffing behaviour between the piston ring and cylinder liner, as well as lubricant evaluation. The creation of test standards in piston ring/cylinder liner simulation is discussed. PVD coatings, HVOF coatings and nitriding treatments have been applied to piston rings as alternative for chromium coatings. CrN/TiN coating seems very effective for increasing the wear and scuffing resistance. Biodegradable engine oils based on esters and polyglycols reduce friction and exceed the wear resistance of reference engine oils based on hydrocarbons for the new generation engines with high cylinder pressures.
Multi-agent systems and their role in future energy grids (2014)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 14181 “Multi-agent&#13;\nsystems and their role in future energy grids”. A number of recent events (e. g. Fukushima,&#13;\nJapan, and the largest blackout in history, India) have once again increased global attention on&#13;\nclimate change and resource depletion. The evaluation of the feasibility of current approaches for&#13;\nfuture energy generation, distribution, transportation, and consumption has become an important&#13;\nrequirement for most countries. There is a general consensus on the need for a fundamental&#13;\ntransformation of future energy grids. The development of an information and communication&#13;\ntechnology (ICT) support infrastructure was identified as the key challenge in the design of an&#13;\nend-to-end smart grid. A multiagent system, with agents located at the
Participation of xCT in melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo (2018)

Our research group demonstrated that riluzole, an inhibitor of glutamatergic signaling reduced melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in vivo. The underlying mechanisms of riluzole are largely unknown. Microarray analyses on two human melanoma cell lines revealed that riluzole stimulates expression of the cystine-glutamate amino acid antiporter, xCT (SLC7A11). Western immunoblot analysis from cultured human melanoma or normal melanocytic cells showed that xCT was significantly overexpressed in most melanomas, but not normal cells. Studies using human tumor biopsy samples demonstrated that overexpression of xCT was correlated with cancer stage and progression. To further investigate if xCT is involved in melanoma cell growth, we derived several stable clones through transfection of exogenous xCT to melanoma cells that originally showed very low expression of xCT. The elevated xCT expression promoted cell proliferation in vitro and inversely, these melanoma clones showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation in response to riluzole treatment. Xenograft studies showed that these clones formed very aggressive tumors at a higher rate compared to vector controls. Conversely, treatment of xenograft-bearing animals with riluzole down-regulated xCT expression suggesting that xCT is a molecular target of riluzole. Furthermore, protein lysates from tumor biopsies of patients that participated in a riluzole monotherapy phase II clinical trial showed a reduction in xCT levels in post-treatment specimens from patients with stable disease. Taken together, our results show that xCT may be utilized as a marker to monitor patients undergoing riluzole-based chemotherapies.
Impedance characteristics of decoupling capacitors in multi-power distribution systems (2005)

To decrease power consumption without affecting circuit speed, multiple power supply voltages are often used in modern high performance IC such as microprocessors. To maintain the impedance of a power distribution system below a specified level, multiple decoupling capacitors are placed at different levels of the power grid hierarchy. The system of decoupling capacitors used in power distribution systems with multiple power supplies is the focus of this paper. The dependence of the impedance on the power distribution system parameters is investigated. An antiresonance phenomenon is intuitively explained in this paper. Design techniques to cancel and shift the antiresonant spikes out of range of the operating frequencies are presented.
Series connected photovoltaic power inverter (2008)

In this paper we introduce a series connected photovoltaic inverter that delivers both real and reactive power to a consumer load. It operates in series with the grid supply and injects power to the load along with the grid. Since the installed PV capacity is less than the load, the grid real power supply drops by an equivalent amount thereby resulting in energy savings. The inverter can also provide reactive power compensation so that the load voltage is kept constant even when the grid voltage fluctuates by around 6% of its rated voltage. The inverter serves a dual purpose during nighttime, when the circuitry is configured as a reactive power compensator. This way the proposed inverter is used to provide voltage compensation to the load all the time throughout day and night.
Synthetic applications of non‐polymerizable monomers in living carbocationic polymerization; recent developments (1996)

Abstract Recent developments using non‐(homo)polymerizable monomers, for the synthesis of functional polymers and block copolymers by living cationic polymerization are discussed. The preparation of block copolymers based on IB and αMeSt or IBVE are reported using DPE capping followed by Lewis acidity moderation. The use of non‐polymerizable diolefins such as bis (diphenylethylenes) for in situ coupling of living chains is also discussed. Depending on the structure of the diolefin mono‐ or diaddition is observed.
Variable regions of chromosome 11 loss in different pathological tissues of a patient with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type I syndrome (1994)

peer reviewed
Metrology of integrated waveguide devices and systems using near-field scanning optical microscopy (2006)

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is a valuable tool for measuring modal propagation parameters including loss, effective index, and coupling coefficients of a variety of waveguide structures. Examples are provided of simple waveguide sections and bends as well as an on-chip optical clock distribution system using an H-tree containing splitters and leaky-mode polysilicon photodiodes.
An adaptive testbed of energy harvesting active networked tags (EnHANTS) prototypes (2013)

EnHANTs will be small, flexible, and self-powered devices that will be attached to objects that are traditionally not networked (books, furniture, clothing), thereby enabling various tracking applications (more details are available at enhants.ee.columbia.edu). We demonstrate a small testbed of En- HANTs prototypes. The prototypes communicate using in-house-developed ultra-wide-band impulse radio (UWB-IR) transceivers. They create a multihop network and adapt the topology and communication patterns to the light energy harvested by the solar cells. The testbed includes a unique software-based light control system which enables controlled experiments. This demonstration accompanies [3].
Thermoanaerobacterium aciditolerans sp. nov., a moderate thermoacidophile from a Kamchatka hot spring (2007)

An anaerobic, moderately thermoacidophilic bacterium, strain 761-119T, was isolated from an acidic hot spring in the Orange Field of the Uzon Caldera (Kamchatka, far-eastern Russia). Cells were spore-forming, Gram-positive rods, possessing one polar flagellum. Growth of strain 761-119T was observed between 37 and 68 degrees C and in the pH(20 degrees C) range 3.2-7.1. No growth was observed within 5 days of incubation at or below 35 degrees C and at or above 70 degrees C, as well as at or below pH(20 degrees C) 2.8 and at or above pH(20 degrees C) 7.5. The optimal temperature and pH(20 degrees C) for growth were 55 degrees C and pH(20 degrees C) 5.7, respectively. A wide range of carbohydrates and polysaccharides were fermented, as well as peptides and proteinaceous substrates. The main products of glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol, lactate, H2 and CO2. The DNA G+C content was 34 (+/-0.5) mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain 761-119T belonged to the genus Thermoanaerobacterium. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other Thermoanaerobacterium species was 86.5-97.8 %, with the only moderately acidophilic member of this genus, Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense, being one of its closest relatives. DNA-DNA hybridization with T. aotearoense showed 33 % relatedness. Thus, morphological (one polar flagellum) and physiological characteristics (lower pH limit of growth at pH(20 degrees C) 3.2 compared with T. aotearoense) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed that strain 761-119T represents a novel species in the genus Thermoanaerobacterium, for which the name Thermoanaerobacterium aciditolerans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 761-119T (=DSM 16487T=VKM B-2363T).
Tuning Solid-State Photoluminescence Frequencies and Efficiencies of Oligomers Containing One Central Thiophene-S,S-dioxide Unit (2000)

We have synthesized thienylene- and phenylene-based oligomers displaying solid-state photoluminescence efficiencies up to 70% and photoluminescence frequencies which cover the entire visible range. All compounds contain one central nonaromatic thienyl-1,1-dioxide moiety in the main chain. The tuning of the light-emission frequency was achieved by progressively varying the degree of π−π electron delocalization between the nonaromatic moiety and the α-linked aromatic rings. All compounds displayed greater electron affinities than thienylene or phenylene oligomers of comparable lengths, as deduced from the reduction potentials measured by cyclic voltammetry.