gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an incremental structural parameter model for predicting reactive ion etch rates of 193-nm photoresist polymer platforms (1999)

The design of 193 nm photoresists with improved reactive ion etch (RIE) resistance has been a longstanding aim of both industrial and academic research and development programs. A variety of correlations between photoresist polymer structure and etch resistance have been developed, however, the universality of these approaches, and in particular, the practicality of marking comparisons across specific polymer families and specific RIE processes has recently been called in to question. In order to examine structure: RIE correlations in more detail, we have developed a new model based on the incremental structural parameters (ISP). This model makes use of a molecular fragment-based definition of polymer structure which incorporates and extends aspects of previous parameters such as the Ohnishi and Ring parameters. An initial study revealed that this model allowed quantitative correlations between polymer families and across etch processes to be made. Continuing studies which examine the use of the ISP model in integrating 193 nm photoresists in prototype production processes will be described. Various polymer families used in deep-UV and 193 nm photoresists including methacrylates, alternating copolymers, styrenes and cyclic olefins will be compared. We will present a more detailed description of the ISP a model and of the follow-on 'new' ISP method which has been developed base don insights gained from the original ISP model, and made extended comparisons between the tow ISP models.
Identification of neuronal subpopulations that project from hypothalamus to both liver and adipose tissue polysynaptically (2010)

The autonomic nervous system regulates fuel availability and energy storage in the liver, adipose tissue, and other organs; however, the molecular components of this neural circuit are poorly understood. We sought to identify neural populations that project from the CNS indirectly through multisynaptic pathways to liver and epididymal white fat in mice using pseudorabies virus strains expressing different reporters together with BAC transgenesis and immunohistochemistry. Neurons common to both circuits were identified in subpopulations of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) by double labeling with markers expressed in viruses injected in both sites. The lateral hypothalamus and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and brainstem regions (nucleus of the solitary tract and A5 region) also project to both tissues but are labeled at later times. Connections from these same sites to the PVH were evident after direct injection of virus into the PVH, suggesting that these regions lie upstream of the PVH in a common pathway to liver and adipose tissue (two metabolically active organs). These common populations of brainstem and hypothalamic neurons express neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin in the arcuate nucleus, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin in the lateral hypothalamus and in the corticotrophin-releasing hormone and oxytocin in the PVH. The delineation of this circuitry will facilitate a functional analysis of the possible role of these potential command-like neurons to modulate autonomic outflow and coordinate metabolic responses in liver and adipose tissue.
Rotational spectra and structures of small clusters containing the HCN dimer: (HCN)2–Y with Y=HF, HCl, HCF3, and CO2 (1989)

Microwave rotational spectra have been observed for a number of isotopic species of the (HCN)2–HF, –HCl, –HCF3, and –CO2 trimers. The observations were made with the pulsed nozzle, Fourier transform, Flygare/Balle Mark II spectrometer. The trimers have structures which are composites of the linear (HCN)2 dimer and the HCN–Y dimers, the latter linear for Y=HF and HCl, a symmetric top for Y=HCF3, and T-shaped with C2v symmetry for Y=CO2. The rotational constants for the most abundant species of each trimer are as follows: For Y=HF and HCl, B0 is 699.204 and 467.408 MHz, respectively, and DJ is 162 and 87 Hz; for Y=HCF3, B0 is 305.742 MHz and DJ and DJK are 51 and 471 Hz; for Y=CO2, treated as a symmetric top, (B0+C0)/2 is 452.426 MHz and DJ is 1.057 kHz. Hyperfine interaction constants were determined for several species. The B0’s for each trimer were analyzed by a combination of isotopic substitution and fitting procedures to determine the distances r1 and r2 between the centers of mass (c.m.) of adjacent monomers. The B0’s are relatively insensitive to the position of the central HCN but give r1+r2 accurately. With this limitation, r1 and r2 in the trimers are compared with the corresponding distances in the dimers, which are longer. For Y=HF, HCl, HCF3, and CO2, respectively, the shrinkages found in r1 are 0.069, 0.054, 0.030, and 0.004 Å and in r2, 0.043, 0.062, 0.042, and 0.052 Å. The shrinkage in r1 and several other properties of the trimers exhibit some correlation with the pseudodiatomic stretching force constant in the HCN–Y dimer.
Metabonomic fingerprints of fasting plasma and spot urine reveal human pre-diabetic metabolic traits (2010)

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) which precedes overt type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for decades is associated with multiple metabolic alterations in insulin sensitive tissues. In an UPLC-qTOF-mass spectrometry-driven non-targeted metabonomics approach we investigated plasma as well as spot urine of 51 non-diabetic, overnight fasted individuals aiming to separate subjects with IGT from controls thereby identify pathways affected by the pre-diabetic metabolic state. We could clearly demonstrate that normal glucose tolerant (NGT) and IGT subjects clustered in two distinct groups independent of the investigated metabonome. These findings reflect considerable differences in individual metabolite fingerprints, both in plasma and urine. Pre-diabetes associated alterations in fatty acid-, tryptophan-, uric acid-, bile acid-, and lysophosphatidylcholine-metabolism, as well as the TCA cycle were identified. Of note, individuals with IGT also showed decreased levels of gut flora-associated metabolites namely hippuric acid, methylxanthine, methyluric acid, and 3-hydroxyhippuric acid. The findings of our non-targeted UPLC-qTOF-MS metabonomics analysis in plasma and spot urine of individuals with IGT vs NGT offers novel insights into the metabolic alterations occurring in the long, asymptomatic period preceding the manifestation of T2DM thereby giving prospects for new intervention targets. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-010-0203-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Interaction effects in a 1D flat band at a topological crystalline step edge (2022)

Step edges of topological crystalline insulators can be viewed as predecessors of higher-order topology, as they embody one-dimensional edge channels embedded in an effective three-dimensional electronic vacuum emanating from the topological crystalline insulator. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy we investigate the behaviour of such edge channels in Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$Se under doping. Once the energy position of the step edge is brought close to the Fermi level, we observe the opening of a correlation gap. The experimental results are rationalized in terms of interaction effects which are enhanced since the electronic density is collapsed to a one-dimensional channel. This constitutes a unique system to study how topology and many-body electronic effects intertwine, which we model theoretically through a Hartree-Fock analysis.
Predictive Quality of Service in Cellular Networks: Challenges, Framework, and Application in Vehicular Communications (2023)

Predictive quality of service will allow next-generation cellular networks to improve the management of the existing services and support more demanding use cases. In this article, we discuss the main challenges on the way to practical realizations of predictive quality of service, from fundamental considerations related to prediction horizons and handling uncertainty to practical aspects on data collection and implications of the architectural choice. We also present a general methodology for predictive quality of service that addresses some of the main challenges and may be used to realize predictive quality of service at scale. As a case study, we apply the framework to a vehicular communications setting using a data-set acquired from a deployed private LTE network.
A Delay-Locked Loop using a Synthesizer-based Phase Shifter for 3.2 Gb/s Chip-to-Chip Communication (2006)

A delay-locked loop in 0.18-mum CMOS for chip-to-chip communication at 3.2 Gb/s is presented. By leveraging the fractional-N synthesizer technique, this architecture provides fine-resolution and infinite-range delay and is less sensitive to process, temperature, and voltage variations than that of conventional techniques using a phase interpolator. A key element of the proposed structure is a digital Sigma-Delta modulator architecture that allows a high clock rate with compact area and reasonable power dissipation. The custom prototype IC operates at a 1.8-V supply voltage with a current consumption of 55 mA. The phase resolution is 1.4deg and measured differential and single-ended rms clock jitter is 3.6 ps and 4.8 ps, respectively. The core circuits occupy 0.42 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>
Hypophosphite addition to alkenes under solvent-free and non-acidic aqueous conditions (2022)

Hypophosphite adds to alkenes in high yields under solvent-free conditions at elevated temperature, including α,β-unsaturated carboxylates. The reaction proceeds by a radical mediated pathway. Hypophosphite addition is also effective under non-acidic aqueous conditions employing radical initiators. These methods complement other hypophosphite addition reactions and simplify the synthesis of polyfunctional <i>H</i>-phosphinates.
Confidence penalty, annealing Gaussian noise and zoneout for biLSTM-CRF networks for named entity recognition (2018)

Named entity recognition (NER) is used to identify relevant entities in text. A bidirectional LSTM (long short term memory) encoder with a neural conditional random fields (CRF) decoder (biLSTM-CRF) is the state of the art methodology. In this work, we have done an analysis of several methods that intend to optimize the performance of networks based on this architecture, which in some cases encourage overfitting avoidance. These methods target exploration of parameter space, regularization of LSTMs and penalization of confident output distributions. Results show that the optimization methods improve the performance of the biLSTM-CRF NER baseline system, setting a new state of the art performance for the CoNLL-2003 Spanish set with an F1 of 87.18.
Sequential lateral solidification of silicon thin films on low-k dielectrics for low temperature integration (2014)

We present the excimer laser crystallization of amorphous silicon on a low dielectric constant (low-k) insulator for very large scale integration monolithic 3D integration and demonstrate that low dielectric constant materials are suitable substrates for 3D integration through laser crystallization of silicon thin films. We crystallized 100 nm amorphous silicon on top of SiO2 and SiCOH (low-k) dielectrics, at different material thicknesses (1 μm, 0.75 μm, and 0.5 μm). The amorphous silicon crystallization on low-k dielectric requires 35% less laser energy than on an SiO2 dielectric. This difference is related to the thermal conductivity of the two materials, in agreement with one dimensional simulations of the crystallization process. We analyzed the morphology of the material through defect-enhanced microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM micrographs show that polycrystalline silicon is characterized by micron-long grains with an average width of 543 nm for the SiO2 sample and 570 nm for the low-k samples. Comparison of the Raman spectra does not show any major difference in film quality for the two different dielectrics, and polycrystalline silicon peaks are closely placed around 517 cm−1. From X-ray diffraction analysis, the material crystallized on SiO2 shows a preferential (111) crystal orientation. In the SiCOH case, the 111 peak strength decreases dramatically and samples do not show preferential crystal orientation. A 1D finite element method simulation of the crystallization process on a back end of line structure shows that copper (Cu) damascene interconnects reach a temperature of 70 °C or lower with a 0.5 μm dielectric layer between the Cu and the molten Si layer, a favorable condition for monolithic 3D integration.
The number of solutions to an equation arising from a problem on latin squares (1983)

Abstract A recent article of G. Chang shows that an n × n partial latin square with prescribed diagonal can always be embedded in an n × n latin square except in one obvious case where it cannot be done. Chang's proof is to show that the symbols of the partial latin square can be assigned the elements of the additive abelian group Z n so that the diagonal elements of the square sum to zero. A theorem of M. Halls then shows this to be embeddable in the operation table of the group. In this paper, we show that when n is a prime one can determine exactly the number of distinct ways in which this assignment can be made. The proof uses some graph theoretic techniques.
Multipixel in vivo imaging of coronary arteries (1989)

A multipixel spectral imaging system has been developed for obtaining In vivo images of coronary arteries. In vivo data clearly indicate a difference between calcified lesions, atherosclerotic plaque, and normal tissue in coronary arteries.
Unbalanced Atrioventricular Septal Defect: Definition and Decision Making (2010)

Unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect is an uncommon lesion with widely varying anatomic manifestations. When unbalance is severe, diagnosis and treatment is straightforward, directed toward single-ventricle palliation. Milder forms, however, pose a challenge to current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The transition from anatomies that are capable of sustaining biventricular physiology to those that cannot is obscure, resulting in uneven application of surgical strategy and excess mortality. Imprecise assessments of ventricular competence have dominated clinical decision making in this regard. Malalignment of the atrioventricular junction and its attendant derangement of inflow physiology is a critical factor in determining the feasibility of biventricular repair in the setting of unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect. The atrioventricular valve index accurately identifies unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect and also brings into focus a zone of transition from anatomies that can support a biventricular end state and those that cannot.
Macrophage‐Mediated Delivery of Hypoxia‐Activated Prodrug Nanoparticles (2019)

Abstract Hypoxia‐activated prodrugs (HAPs) have tremendous clinical potential due to their selective toxicity toward poorly oxygenated tissues, which is a hallmark of solid tumors. Despite their promising results in vitro, HAPs have failed to make a clinical impact. This is largely because tumor hypoxia is located far from blood vessels, making it difficult for HAPs to accumulate in therapeutically sufficient concentrations. Here, a generalized strategy to overcome this barrier by employing macrophages as drug carriers to enhance the penetration and accumulation of HAPs deep in solid tumors is reported. The system leverages the chemotactic and phagocytic abilities of macrophages to improve delivery of nanoparticles encapsulating a model HAP, tirapazamine (TPZ), to the hypoxic regions of solid tumors. A sequence of in vitro assays is used to refine the properties of the system by minimizing carrier cell toxicity while maximizing therapeutic efficacy. It is demonstrated in vivo that the system improves drug accumulation in hypoxic areas of 4T1 breast tumors and slows their growth by itself and in combination with irinotecan. The results provide early evidence that macrophages can significantly improve the transport and efficacy of HAPs by improving their tumor penetration, highlighting a potential strategy to advance them into the clinic.
Fatigue related impairments in oculomotor control are prevented by caffeine (2016)

Strenuous exercise can result in an inability of the central nervous system to drive skeletal muscle effectively, a phenomenon known as central fatigue. The impact of central fatigue on the oculomotor system is currently unexplored. Fatigue that originates in the central nervous system may be related to perturbations in the synthesis and metabolism of several neurotransmitters. In this study we examine central fatigue in the oculomotor system after prolonged exercise. The involvement of central neurotransmission was explored by administering caffeine during exercise. Within a double-blind, randomized, repeated measures, crossover design, 11 cyclists consumed a placebo or caffeine solution during 180 min of stationary cycling. Saccadic eye movements were measured using infra-red oculography. Exercise decreased saccade velocity by 8% (placebo trial). This effect was reversed by caffeine, whereby velocity was increased by 11% after exercise. A non-oculomotor perceptual task (global motion processing) was unaffected by exercise. The human oculomotor system is impaired by strenuous exercise of the locomotor system. Caffeine exerts a protective effect on oculomotor control, which could be related to up-regulated central neurotransmission. In addition, cortical processes supporting global motion perception appear to be robust to fatigue.
Polymer photovoltaic cells with a graded active region achieved using double stamp transfer printing (2013)

We demonstrate that double stamp transfer printing of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) active layer on MoO3 of an organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell enhances the charge collection efficiency at the anode and cathode contacts by creating a concentration gradient of the P3HT and PCBM across the bulk heterojunction active layer. This gradient increases the short circuit current and the power conversion efficiency of stamp-transferred P3HT:PCBM polymer OPVs by 23% compared with that of similarly structured spin-coated polymer OPVs due to the graded active layer composition, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 3.7 ± 0.2% for an as-cast device. The stamp-transfer printing process provides a route to low cost fabrication of OPVs over large flexible substrate areas.
Supplementary Table S6 from Systematic Functional Interrogation of Rare Cancer Variants Identifies Oncogenic Alleles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison to in silico methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Esophageal dysfunction in a female patient with diabetes mellitus and achalasia. (2004)

Despite the sufficient extent of surgical treatment in a patient suffering from these two diseases, the resulting effect was not fully satisfactory. It is apparent that despite the correctly indicated and performed operation in patients suffering from a metabolic disease, the complications of which afflict the motility of upper digestive tract, the ideal response to treatment cannot be expected. The supplemented prokinetic therapy is inevitable, and informing the patient on the expected result and particular residual disorders can save both the patient and surgeon from disappointment. (Fig. 3, Ref. 8.).
The Heat Shock Protein YbeY Is Required for Optimal Activity of the 30S Ribosomal Subunit (2010)

The highly conserved bacterial ybeY gene is a heat shock gene whose function is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that the YbeY protein is involved in protein synthesis, as Escherichia coli mutants with ybeY deleted exhibit severe translational defects in vivo. Here we show that the in vitro activity of the translation machinery of ybeY deletion mutants is significantly lower than that of the wild type. We also show that the lower efficiency of the translation machinery is due to impaired 30S small ribosomal subunits.
Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of the Selenium-binding and Reducing Site in Arabidopsis thaliana Homologue to Mammals Selenium-binding Protein 1 (2014)

The function of selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1), present in almost all organisms, has not yet been established. In mammals, SBP1 is known to bind the essential element selenium but the binding site has not been identified. In addition, the SBP family has numerous potential metal-binding sites that may play a role in detoxification pathways in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSBP1 over-expression increases tolerance to two toxic compounds for plants, selenium and cadmium, often found as soil pollutants. For a better understanding of AtSBP1 function in detoxification mechanisms, we investigated the chelating properties of the protein toward different ligands with a focus on selenium using biochemical and biophysical techniques. Thermal shift assays together with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that AtSBP1 binds selenium after incubation with selenite (SeO3(2-)) with a ligand to protein molar ratio of 1:1. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed the 1:1 stoichiometry and revealed an unexpectedly large value of binding enthalpy suggesting a covalent bond between selenium and AtSBP1. Titration of reduced Cys residues and comparative mass spectrometry on AtSBP1 and the purified selenium-AtSBP1 complex identified Cys(21) and Cys(22) as being responsible for the binding of one selenium. These results were validated by site-directed mutagenesis. Selenium K-edge x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy performed on the selenium-AtSBP1 complex demonstrated that AtSBP1 reduced SeO3(2-) to form a R-S-Se(II)-S-R-type complex. The capacity of AtSBP1 to bind different metals and selenium is discussed with respect to the potential function of AtSBP1 in detoxification mechanisms and selenium metabolism.
Block-Echelonization Algorithm for Multi-User MIMO Systems (2007)

In this paper, we present a new transmission technique for the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) system. Recently, the block-diagonalization (BD) algorithm has been proposed for the multiuser MIMO downlink where each user has multiple antennas. The key idea of the BD scheme is to eliminate all multiuser interference by transmitting each user's data along the nullspace of the other users' channel matrix. However, the BD algorithm based on the zero- interference condition is not a proper choice when the interference is known at the transmitter noncausally. In this paper, we propose a block-echelonization (BE) algorithm for utilizing the noncausally known interference at the transmitter. The sum rate analysis and simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed multiuser scheme.
Improvement of light extraction in AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (Conference Presentation) (2019)

One of the main reasons that the emission efficiency of GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) decreases significantly as the emission wavelength shorter than 300 nm is the low light-extraction efficiency (LEE). Especially in deep ultra-violet (DUV) LEDs, light propagating outside the escape cone and being reflected back to the semiconductor or substrate layer is absorbed not only by active layers but also by p-type layers with narrower bandgaps and electrodes that is neither transparent nor reflective for the DUV wavelength. In this report, we propose a DUV LED structure with thin indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layer as the p-ohmic contact and DBR as the reflectivity mirror. The DUV LED with the ITO/DBR p-ohmic-contact layer showed the output power of 30% higher than that from the DUV LED with Ni/Au p-ohmic-contact layer.