gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-paraherquamide B (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-paraherquamide BTimothy D. Cushing, Juan F. Sanz-Cervera, and Robert M. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 20, 9323–9324Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00073a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00073a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views827Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Relative Vortex State Control in a Co/Cu/Co Pseudo-Spin-Valve Ring (2012)

The magnetization reversal process of a Co/Cu/Co pseudo-spin-valve ring structure has been investigated by magneto-resistance measurements and micromagnetic simulations. Major-loop measurement reveals four distinct magnetic configurations between the top and bottom Co rings. We conducted minor-loop measurements with a fixed vortex configuration in the bottom Co ring while the magnetic state of the top Co ring was changed between the onion and vortex states. It was found that the parallel vortex between the top and bottom rings shows a stable magnetization state when the top Co ring is not fully saturated in the onion state, in which the local vortex remains at the ring edge. Micromagnetic simulations also confirm that the local vortex remaining in the top ring contributes to the control of the magnetic parallel vortex state.
Smurf2 up-regulation activates telomere-dependent senescence (2004)

Progressive telomere shortening activates replicative senescence, which prevents somatic cells from being propagated indefinitely in culture. The limitation of proliferative capacity imposed by replicative senescence is thought to contribute to both organismal aging and the prevention of tumor development. Here we report that up-regulation of Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase previously implicated in TGF-beta signaling, is a specific consequence of telomere attrition in human fibroblasts and that such up-regulation is sufficient to produce the senescence phenotype. Adventitious production of the Smurf2 protein in early passage fibroblasts at the same physiological level observed during telomere-mediated senescence resulted in proliferative arrest in a viable state, morphological and biochemical alterations characteristic of senescence, acquisition of senescence-specific alterations in gene expression, and reversal of cellular immortalization by telomerase. We show that the senescence-inducing actions of Smurf2 occur in the absence of detectable DNA damage or stress response, that Smurf2's effects require a novel function distinct from its E3 activity, that Smurf2 recruits the Rb and p53 pathways for senescence induction, and that while p21 is elevated by Smurf2, Smurf2-mediated senescence is independent of p21. Smurf2 is the first gene found to be both up-regulated by telomere attrition and sufficient to induce senescence.
Microring Resonator Based Widely Tunable Semiconductor Lasers (2002)

We propose a new class of widely tunable semiconductor laser structures that use microring resonators as either wavelength selective reflectors or as inter-cavity filters. Microring resonator based lasers can have tuning bandwidths reaching 50 nanometers, and can have side mode suppression ratios better than 30 dB over the entire tuning bandwidth. The tuning bandwidth is found to be limited by the loss in the microring resonators. We compare the performance of microring resonator based lasers to grating based widely tunable lasers and show that the performance of the former is much more sensitive to loss. We present results from numerical simulations and analytical models, and give designs rules for fabricating microring resonator based tunable lasers with the existing technologies.
Supervised Pattern Recognition Techniques in Quantitative Diagnostic Ultrasound (1988)

The methods of statistical pattern recognition are well suited to the problems of in vivo ultrasonic tissue characterization. This paper describes supervised pattern recognition methods for selecting features for tissue classification, calculating decision boundaries within the selected feature space, and evaluating the performance. This paper expands on the authors' previous work (Insana, 1986a) by addressing the considerations of dimensionality and sample size. These are important in classification problems where the underlying probability distributions are not completely known. Examples are given for the detection of diffuse liver disease in the clinical environment.
Co-array Processing Assisted Bayesian Beamforming (CABB): A Nonlinear Beamforming Technique for Joint Aerial Layer Network (JALN) Backbone (2013)

In this paper we describe a novel non-linear digital beamforming technique that we refer to as Co-array processing assisted Bayesian Beamforming (CABB) for directional line of sight networks like USAF Joint Aerial Layer Network (JALN) backbone. CABB leverages recently proposed signal processing techniques that can extract directions of arrivals of O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) sources using an antenna array that has only O(N) elements with non-uniform inter-element separation. The benefits of CABB for directional LOS networks are (1) reduced size of antenna array, (2) improved spectral efficiency (3) adaptation to changing channel conditions as a result of mobility. The main disadvantage in comparison to linear digital beamforming techniques is increased computations. In this paper we validate these tradeoffs via high fidelity simulations. We also argue that since most practical USAF directional LOS networks are sparse, it is possible to realize the CABB technique using existing hardware despite high computational requirements.
A quantum well EAM-SGDBR widely tunable transmitter fabricated in a novel dual-quantum-well integration platform (2006)

In this work we demonstrate for the first time a monolithically integrated, widely tunable, electroabsorption modulator (EAM) based sampled grating DBR (SGDBR) laser transmitter fabricated in a novel dual quantum well (DQW) integration platform that breaks the fabrication and growth barriers associated with integrating quantum well EAMs with laser sources. Compared with the well established offset quantum well (OQW) tunable transmitters, the DQW devices require no additional processing or growth steps, and demonstrate significant improvements in bandwidth, modulation efficiency, insertion loss, and chirp characteristics.
Nucleic acid cleavage with a hyperthermophilic Cas9 from an uncultured Ignavibacterium (2019)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated 9 (Cas9) systems have been effectively harnessed to engineer the genomes of organisms from across the tree of life. Nearly all currently characterized Cas9 proteins are derived from mesophilic bacteria, and canonical Cas9 systems are challenged by applications requiring enhanced stability or elevated temperatures. We discovered IgnaviCas9, a Cas9 protein from a hyperthermophilic Ignavibacterium identified through mini-metagenomic sequencing of samples from a hot spring. IgnaviCas9 is active at temperatures up to 100 °C in vitro, which enables DNA cleavage beyond the 44 °C limit of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> Cas9 (SpyCas9) and the 70 °C limit of both <i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</i> Cas9 (GeoCas9) and <i>Geobacillus thermodenitrificans</i> T12 Cas9 (ThermoCas9). As a potential application of this enzyme, we demonstrate that IgnaviCas9 can be used in bacterial RNA-seq library preparation to remove unwanted cDNA from 16s ribosomal rRNA without increasing the number of steps, thus underscoring the benefits provided by its exceptional thermostability in improving molecular biology and genomic workflows. IgnaviCas9 is an exciting addition to the CRISPR-Cas9 toolbox and expands its temperature range.
Fly Cell Atlas: a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the adult fruit fly (2021)

Abstract The ability to obtain single cell transcriptomes for stable cell types and dynamic cell states is ushering in a new era for biology. We created the Tabula Drosophilae , a single cell atlas of the adult fruit fly which includes 580k cells from 15 individually dissected sexed tissues as well as the entire head and body. Over 100 researchers from the fly community contributed annotations to &gt;250 distinct cell types across all tissues. We provide an in-depth analysis of cell type-related gene signatures and transcription factor markers, as well as sexual dimorphism, across the whole animal. Analysis of common cell types that are shared between tissues, such as blood and muscle cells, allowed the discovery of rare cell types and tissue-specific subtypes. This atlas provides a valuable resource for the entire Drosophila community and serves as a comprehensive reference to study genetic perturbations and disease models at single cell resolution.
uPA Contributes To Impairment Of SNP and PGE2 Cerebrovasodilation After Brain Injury Through Activation of LRP and ERK MAPK (2008)

Introduction: Pial artery dilation to prostaglandin (PG)E 2 and the nitric oxide (NO) releaser sodium nitroprusside (SNP) are blunted but responses to papaverine unchanged after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI). Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and ERK mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) are upregulated and contribute to impaired cerebrohemodynamics after FPI in the piglet. PA vascular activity is mediated by the low density lipoprotein receptor (LRP). This study investigated the role of uPA, LRP, and ERK MAPK in impaired cerebrovasodilation to PGE 2 and SNP after FPI. Methods: Lateral FPI (2 atm) was induced in anesthetized 1‐5 day old piglets equipped with a closed cranial window. CSF ERK MAPK was quantified by ELISA. Results: Pretreatment with the antagonist of the vascular action of uPA, suPAR, blunted impairment of SNP and PGE 2 dilation after FPI while responses to papaverine were unchanged. Similarly, pretreatment with the LRP antagonist RAP, the monoclonal antibody against LRP (Mab ag LRP) and the ERK MAPK antagonist, U 0126, all blunted impairment of SNP and PGE 2 dilation post insult. In contrast, control IgG had no effect on FPI induced impairment of SNP and PGE 2 . Phosphorylation of CSF ERK MAPK was upregulated after FPI but such upregulation was blunted in animals pretreated with suPAR, RAP, and MAb ag LRP. Control IgG had no effect on FPI induced ERK MAPK upregulation. The ERK MAPK antagonist U 0126 blocked the upregulation of CSF ERK MAPK after FPI. Discussion: These data indicate that uPA contributes to impairment of SNP and PGE 2 cerebrovasodilation after brain injury through activation of LRP and ERK MAPK.
Tables S1-S5 from Genetic Predictors of Response to Systemic Therapy in Esophagogastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: Comprehensive clinical data and sample IDs. Supplementary Table 2: Summary of baseline patient and sample characteristics. Supplementary Table 3: List of somatic mutations identified in all samples. Supplementary Table 4: Detailed data for assesment of ERBB2 amplification. Supplementary Table 5: Genes included on MSK-IMPACT platform&lt;/p&gt;
Cardiac Risk of Noncardiac Surgery after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-eluting Stents (2008)

The risk of MACEs with NCS after DES placement was not significantly associated with time from stenting to surgery, but observed rates of MACEs were lowest after 1 yr.
Anionic- and Lipophilic-Mediated Surface Binding Inhibitors of Human Leukocyte Elastase (1997)

We report the synthesis of a series of diphenylmethane-based oligomers containing anionic and lipophilic functionalities that are potent inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). The enzyme inhibition is regulated by the size of the oligomer, as well as, the number of charges. Lipophilicity is an important element in determining potency and specificity against other basic enzymes. Compounds whose scaffolds contain three phenoxyacetic acid groups and three alkyl ethers are competitive and specific inhibitors of HLE with Ki = 20 nM. The mechanism of action of this class of compounds is believed to involve multidendate interactions with the surface of HLE near the active site which prevents substrate access to the catalytic site.
Diagnostic Performance of Tuberculosis-Specific IgG Antibody Profiles in Patients with Presumptive Tuberculosis from Two Continents (2017)

Although M. tuberculosis antigens were recognized by the IgG response during tuberculosis, no single antigen or multiantigen set performance approached WHO TPP criteria for clinical utility among HIV-uninfected adults with presumed tuberculosis in high-volume, urban settings in tuberculosis-endemic countries.
Development of a novel radioiodinated glucose derivative with interaction to hexokinase (1992)

Abstract Development of an 123 I‐labeled glucose derivative that interacted with hexokinase was attempted. By introducing a benzene ring into the glucosamine molecule, we were able to secure a radioiodinated compound, N‐iodobenzoyl‐D‐glucosamine (BGA), with enhanced stability. As a result, a non‐competitive inhibitory agent on the hexokinase‐regulated phosphorylation reaction was achieved. The inhibitory action and lipophilic property of this novel compound were closely related to an amide bond in its structural configuration. Moreover, on investigating the biodistribution in mice, although this 125 I‐labeled compound did not display any uptake into the brain, it demonstrated rapid clearance from the blood with high systemic stability. From the above findings, it is highly possible to develop a clinically feasible 123 I‐labeled radioligand that can monitor the quantitative changes and biodistribution of hexokinase.
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Iron Nanoparticles (2005)

Iron, the most ubiquitous of the transition metals and the fourth most plentiful element in the Earth's crust, is the structural backbone of our modern infrastructure. It is therefore ironic that as a nanoparticle, iron has been somewhat neglected in favor of its own oxides, as well as other metals such as cobalt, nickel, gold, and platinum. This is unfortunate, but understandable. Iron's reactivity is important in macroscopic applications (particularly rusting), but is a dominant concern at the nanoscale. Finely divided iron has long been known to be pyrophoric, which is a major reason that iron nanoparticles have not been more fully studied to date. This extreme reactivity has traditionally made iron nanoparticles difficult to study and inconvenient for practical applications. Iron however has a great deal to offer at the nanoscale, including very potent magnetic and catalytic properties. Recent work has begun to take advantage of iron's potential, and work in this field appears to be blossoming.
Aggregation in a Protein−Surfactant System. The Interplay between Hydrophobic and Electrostatic Interactions (2003)

By precipitating a complex salt Ly(OS)8 of the positively charged protein lysozyme and the anionic surfactant octyl sulfate OS-, one can generate a true ternary system: water−Ly(OS)8−NaOS. Using NMR diffusometry and UV spectroscopy measurements the thermodynamic parameters of the association processes have been determined. The solubility product of the complex salt, Ks, is 10-28 M9.1 On addition of excess surfactant the complex salt is solubilized into micelles that form at a critical association concentration of 74 mM which is nearly a factor of 2 lower than the CMC of 133 mM. At higher protein and surfactant concentrations these micelles first coexist with gel aggregates. The thermodynamically stable gel phase is observed at protein concentrations higher than 7 wt % and has a stoichiometry of around 28 OS- per protein molecule. Thereafter, in the presence of more than ca. 30 OS- per protein, micelles containing a single lysozyme molecule are formed from the gel aggregates. This rich aggregation pattern can be described as caused by a combination of an attractive hydrophobic interaction between hydrophobic patches on the protein surface and the surfactant hydrocarbon chain, and a composition-dependent electrostatic interaction between charged amino acids and the surfactant headgroup. The net force is attractive up to a ratio of surfactant to protein of 8, after which it becomes increasingly repulsive. The gel phase occurs as a compromise between the attractive hydrophobic interaction and the relatively weak electrostatic repulsion.
Intravenous Calcium as a Pressor in a Swine Model of Hypoxic Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Mechanical Activity - A Preliminary Report (2020)

Abstract Background: Pseudo-pulseless electrical activity (pseudo-PEA) is a lifeless form of profound cardiac shock characterized by measurable cardiac mechanical activity without clinically detectable pulses. Pseudo-PEA may constitute up to 40% of reported cases of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation from pseudo-PEA is often associated with hypotension refractory to catecholamine pressors. We hypothesized that this post-resuscitation state may be associated with hypocalcemic hypotension responsive to intravenous calcium. Methods: Using pre-existing data from our hypoxic swine pseudo-PEA model, we measured blood pressure, hemodynamics, and electrolytes. Physiological data were analyzed on a heartbeat by heartbeat basis. The midpoint of the calcium response was defined using change of curvature feature detection. Hemodynamic parameters were shifted such that the value at the midpoint was equal to zero. Results: In 9 animals with refractory hypotension we administered 37 boluses of intravenous calcium in the dosage range of 5 -20 mg. Comparisons were made between the average values in the time period 40-37 seconds before the midpoint and 35-40 seconds after the midpoint. Of the 37 administered boluses, 34 manifested a change in the blood pressure, with mean aortic pressure, systolic and diastolic pressures all increasing post bolus administration. Conclusions: Administration of intravenous calcium may be associated with a pressor-like response in refractory hypotension after resuscitation from pseudo-PEA. Relative ionized hypocalcemia may cause hypotension after resuscitation from pseudo-PEA. Therapy with intravenous calcium should be further investigated in this setting.
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF A DRAG-REDUCING COMPONENT FOR ARTIFICIAL BLOOD (2004)

Purpose: Preliminary tests of drag-reducing polymer (DRP) combined with an oxygen carrier showed that the efficiency of the oxygen carrier can be increased by adding a few parts per million (ppm) of a soluble DRP. The shear stress degradation of the DRPs is important clinically since it results in a decrease in molecular weight (MW) and therefore in a decrease in activity. A novel aloe plant derived DRP, discovered in our laboratory, showed superior drag-reducing properties reducing resistance to turbulent pipe flow by over 40% at 10 ppm in a circulating flow loop compared to −20% demonstrated by a well-known DRP, high MW polyethylene oxide Polyox WSR-301 (PEO). Methods: MW, intrinsic viscosity (IV), radius of gyration (RG), and polydispersity index were determined using gel permeation chromatography with a refractive index detector, a laser light scattering detector, and a differential viscometer. Ability to resist mechanical degradation was studied using both a turbulent flow circulating loop and a cone and plate rheometer. Results: The IV and RC were significantly higher for aloe Vera polymer (AVP) than for PEO. The IV might be a good predictor of polymer drag-reducing ability and mechanical degradation resistance. AVP was shown to be more resistantto mechanical degradation than PEO following exposure to turbulent flow and other high shear stress conditions. Based on these studies, AVP shows great promise for use as a drag-reducing component of a novel artificial blood.
Immune checkpoints in central nervous system autoimmunity (2012)

A number of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, are mediated by self-reactive T cells that have escaped the deletional mechanisms of central tolerance. Usually, these T cells are kept at bay through peripheral tolerance mechanisms, including regulation through coinhibitory receptors and suppression by regulatory T cells. However, if these mechanisms fail, self-reactive T cells are activated and autoimmune responses ensue. This review outlines how the coinhibitory receptors CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4), PD-1 (programed death-1), Tim-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin domain-containing molecule 3), and TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains) act at different checkpoints to inhibit autoreactive T cells and suppress the development of central nervous system autoimmunity. Loss of each of these receptors predisposes to autoimmunity, indicating a non-redundant role in maintaining peripheral tolerance. At the same time, their functional patterns seem to overlap to a large degree. Therefore, we propose that only the concerted action of a combination of inhibitory receptors is able to maintain peripheral tolerance and prevent autoimmunity.
Control of large scale computing systems (2006)

The rapidly increasing scale of computing systems means that it is vitally important to address the scaling challenges in the control of computing systems. We introduce a framework for describing the control problems for large scale computing systems that expand along two dimensions: the scale of the target system and the scale of the policy. Using this framework, we present control architectures that span a range from centralized schemes to distributed solutions. We further identify several research challenges related to issues such as target systems latencies and policy decomposition.