gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Where is the center of a multi‐depth marine source array? (2008)

In previous work, we discussed how to design a marine source array, using multiple source depths, that emits the same pulse shape (including the ghost reflection) in all directions. In this abstract, we address the question: Where is the (acoustic) center of a multi‐depth source array? The acoustic center is the point from which the signal appears to have radiated. The center might be different for different frequencies; the one that minimizes the phase error across the whole bandwidth is termed the “phase center”. The phase center of a single depth array is at the sea surface. For multi‐depth arrays, the optimum location of the center is complicated, because of the delay that is applied to the deeper elements in order to align the vertically propagating wavefields. In the examples discussed in this document, it is found that the optimum location (i.e., the phase center) varies from the depth of deepest source layer to about the same depth as the shallowest layer, depending on the ratio of the depths.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for refractory septic shock in liver transplantation recipients (2017)

Our findings suggest that the implantation of ECMO might be considered in highly selected LT recipients with refractory septic shock.
Molecular detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma by microsatellite analysis of Papanicolaou smears (2001)

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet it is clearly preventable by population screening. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has proved to be the most successful test for the detection of precancerous lesions and is largely responsible for the reduction of cervical cancer mortality and morbidity rates. However, the Pap smear is not perfect; false-negative results of various rates are reported. To improve the diagnostic efficacy of cervical cytology, we performed microsatellite analysis on paired Pap smear samples from cervical lesions. Nine microsatellite markers were chosen from chromosomal regions commonly displaying loss of heterozygostity (LOH) in cervical cancer and those displaying microsatellite instability (MI) in other squamous cell cancer. Microsatellite alterations were detected in 16/21 (76%) Pap smear DNA samples including 11 of 13 (85%) smears from invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 5 of 8 (63%) from squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Microsatellite alterations detected in the Pap smear DNA were identical to those identified in seven paired primary tumors available for analysis. Moreover, this molecular approach detected genetic alterations in two cases apparently negative by cytologic examination. None (0/25) of the control patients displayed microsatellite alterations in paired Pap smears. Microsatellite analysis of cervical cytologic samples may provide a complementary method to analyze suspicious but not diagnostic cytologic samples further.
Boosting Linear Logistic Regression for Single Trial ERP Detection in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Tasks (2006)

In this paper, we employ the AdaBoost algorithm to the linear logistic regression model to detect encephalography (EEG) signatures, called evoked response potentials of visual recognition events in a single trial. In the experiments, a large amount of images were displayed at a very high presentation rate, named rapid serial visual presentation. The EEG was recorded using 32 electrodes during the rapid image presentation. Subjects were instructed to click the mouse when they recognize a target image. The results demonstrated that the boosting method improves the detection performance compared with the base classifier by approximately 3% as measured by area under the ROC curve
Nanobodies reveal an extra-synaptic population of SNAP-25 and Syntaxin 1A in hippocampal neurons (2018)

Abstract Synaptic vesicle fusion (exocytosis) is a precisely regulated process that entails the formation of SNARE complexes between the vesicle protein synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2) and the plasma membrane proteins Syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25. The sub-cellular localization of the latter two molecules remains unclear, although they have been the subject of many recent investigations. To address this, we generated two novel camelid single domain antibodies (nanobodies) specifically binding to SNAP-25 and Syntaxin 1A. These probes penetrated more easily into samples and detected their targets more efficiently than conventional antibodies in crowded regions. When investigated by super-resolution imaging, the nanobodies revealed substantial extra-synaptic populations for both SNAP-25 and Syntaxin 1A, which were poorly detected by antibodies. Moreover, extra-synaptic Syntaxin 1A molecules were recruited to synapses during stimulation, suggesting that these are physiologically-active molecules. We conclude that nanobodies are able to reveal qualitatively and quantitatively different organization patterns, when compared to conventional antibodies.
3D face modeling from stereo and differential constraints (2002)

This paper proposes a way to incorporate a priori information in a 3D stereo reconstruction process from a pair of calibrated face images. In our framework, a 3D mesh modeling the surface is iteratively deformed in order to minimize an energy function in a snake-like process. Differential information about the object shape as used to generate an anisotropic mesh that can both fulfill the compacity and the accuracy requirements. Moreover, in areas where the stereo information is not reliable enough to accurately recover the surface shape, because of inappropriate texture or bad lighting conditions, we propose to incorporate some geometric constraints related to the differential properties of the surface. These constraints can be intuitive or can refer to some predefined geometric properties of the object to be reconstructed. They can be applied to scalar fields, such as curvature values, or structural features, such as crest lines, governing their location, number, or spatial organization. We demonstrate our approach using faces.
Substrate Bias Effects on Magnetic and Structural Properties of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L1}_{0}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-FePt Based Recording Media (2016)

In this paper, a method to improve the magnetic and structural properties of heat-assisted magnetic recording media by applying partial substrate bias during the deposition of FePt-based recording layer is demonstrated. Although the application of a substrate bias for the entire FePt layer deposition deteriorated the media properties, improvements were noted when a substrate bias is selectively applied for the deposition of top portion of the FePt layer. Our experiments suggest that the compressive stress due to the ion peening in the biased deposition degrades the texture and magnetic properties of the FePt media, primarily during the initial phase of FePt film growth. On the other hand, the media fabricated by applying an optimum substrate bias for the deposition of top portion of the FePt layer showed improvements in the micro-structural and magnetic properties.
Mild Deprotection of Methylene Acetals in Combination with Trimethylsilyl Triflate-2,2'-Bipyridyl (2010)

The facile deprotection of methylene acetal protection of diols under mild conditions is established. The combination of trimethylsilyl triflate (TMSOTf) and 2,2'-bipyridyl followed by a weakly acidic hydrolysis was effective and the substrates having acid sensitive functional groups can be tolerated under the stated conditions. The selective deprotection between methylene acetal and benzophenone ketal was achieved.
Non-Canonical Smads Phosphorylation Induced by the Glutamate Release Inhibitor, Riluzole, through GSK3 Activation in Melanoma (2012)

Riluzole, an inhibitor of glutamate release, has shown the ability to inhibit melanoma cell xenograft growth. A phase 0 clinical trial of riluzole as a single agent in patients with melanoma resulted in involution of tumors associated with inhibition of both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phophoinositide-3-kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) pathways in 34% of patients. In the present study, we demonstrate that riluzole inhibits AKT-mediated glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) phosphorylation in melanoma cell lines. Because we have demonstrated that GSK3 is involved in the phosphorylation of two downstream effectors of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), Smad2 and Smad3, at their linker domain, our aim was to determine whether riluzole could induce GSK3β-mediated linker phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. We present evidence that riluzole increases Smad2 and Smad3 linker phosphorylation at the cluster of serines 245/250/255 and serine 204 respectively. Using GSK3 inhibitors and siRNA knock-down, we demonstrate that the mechanism of riluzole-induced Smad phosphorylation involved GSK3β. In addition, GSK3β could phosphorylate the same linker sites in vitro. The riluzole-induced Smad linker phosphorylation is mechanistically different from the Smad linker phosphorylation induced by TGFβ. We also demonstrate that riluzole-induced Smad linker phosphorylation is independent of the expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1), which is one of the glutamate receptors whose involvement in human melanoma has been documented. We further show that riluzole upregulates the expression of INHBB and PLAU, two genes associated with the TGFβ signaling pathway. The non-canonical increase in Smad linker phosphorylation induced by riluzole could contribute to the modulation of the pro-oncogenic functions of Smads in late stage melanomas.
Supplementary Figure 2 from ICOS Is an Indicator of T-cell–Mediated Response to Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2: Day7 biodistribution study of Combo, STING i.t, PD-1 i.t and PBS i.t groups (n{greater than or equal to}3): the quantification of TDLN was expressed as %ID, other organs were expressed as %ID/g. All values represent the mean {plus minus} SD unless otherwise specified. Two-way ANOVA and unpaired 2-tailed student's t-test were used for analysis. (*: P&lt;0.05, **: P&lt;0.01, ***: P&lt;0.001, ****: P&lt;0.0001, the data was presented as Mean {plus minus} SD)&lt;/p&gt;
Heterogeneous interaction of Br2, Cl2 and Cl2O with solid KBr and NaCl substrates: The role of adsorbed H2O and halogens (2004)

The interaction of Br2, Cl2 and Cl2O with different solid alkali halides, namely KBr and NaCl substrates, has been investigated in a low-pressure flow reactor. The observed main gaseous reaction products of the reactions of Cl2 and Cl2O with solid KBr substrates are Br2 and BrCl. The reaction of Cl2O with solid NaCl substrates leads to formation of Cl2 and small amounts of HOCl. The role of surface-adsorbed H2O (SAW) and the influence of adsorbed halogens have been investigated. Evidence for the formation of adsorbed Br2 owing to mechanical stress has been found for solid KBr. Dehydration of the substrate under vacuum leads to a better ordered, more crystalline and hence less-reactive surface and decreases the number of reactive surface sites. Adsorption of halogen compounds such as BrCl, Cl2 and Br2 leads to effective dehydration of the KBr or NaCl substrate by competing for limited amounts of SAW. In this way, the reduced degree of hydration of the substrate alkali ions leads to activation of the halogen exchange reactions or catalytic activity.
Uplink Physical Channel Structure (2011)

The main uplink physical channel is the Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) for data transmission and the Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH) for control signalling. The PUSCH supports resource allocation for both frequency-selective scheduling and frequency-diverse transmissions, the latter being by means of intra-and/or inter-subframe frequency hopping. The control signalling from multiple User Equipment (UE) is multiplexed via orthogonal coding by using cyclic time shifts and/or time-domain block spreading. Simple multiple antenna techniques in the uplink were already incorporated in Long Term Evolution (LTE) Releases 8 and 9, in particular through the support of closed-loop switched antenna diversity and Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA). These techniques are cost-effective for a UE implementation, as they do not assume simultaneous transmissions from multiple UE antennas. Controlled Vocabulary Terms Data communication; long term evolution; signalling protocols
Correspondence on ‘Seasonal variation in blood pressure: evidence, consensus and recommendations for clinical practice. Consensus statement by the ESH Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability’ (2020)

aCentre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bClinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom cRenal Research Institute, New York, New York, USA Correspondence to Richard B. Weller, MD FRCP(Ed), University Department of Dermatology, Lauriston Building, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK. Tel: +44 131 536 2041; e-mail: [email protected]
Stability guaranteed control: Time domain passivity approach (2003)

A new, energy-based method is proposed for guaranteeing the stability of large classes of control systems with minimum performance losses. Based on a network presentation, the large classes of control systems are analyzed in a unified framework. In this unified network model, the concept of passivity is used to study the stability of large classes of control systems. For guaranteeing the stability condition, the time-domain passivity controller is extended to a 2-port network to make the controller 2-port passive. The developed method is tested with numerical simulation in the regulation of a single link flexible manipulator. Totally stable control is achieved under a wide variety of operating conditions and uncertainties without any model information.
Initial characterization results of a 1024 x 448 25 &#956;m multi-frame camera with 2 ns integration time for the Ultra-Fast X-ray Imager (UXI) program at Sandia National Laboratories. (2017)

SAND2016-8551C hCMOS imagers can achieve ns level time-gating via electronic shutters Multiple image frames deliver temporal history of experiments Can yield improved SNR by gating out background radiation CMOS scalability provides large detector area and high spatial resolution A fast, multi-frame imager offers significant potential in HEDP research A fast, time-gated, multi-frame, hCMOS camera can offer significant benefits to HEDP diagnostics
Supplementary Figure S4 from A Four-Gene Promoter Methylation Marker Panel Consisting of <i>GREM1, NEURL, LAD1,</i> and <i>NEFH</i> Predicts Survival of Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4. Cause-specific overall survival curves for GREM1, LAD1, NEFH, and NEURL in hospital- and population-based ccRCC series (related to Table 1 and Table 2). Kaplan-Meier curves of GREM1 (A, B), LAD1 (C, D), NEFH (E, F) and NEURL (G, H) analyzed for overall survival in hospital- (left panels) and population-based series (right panels). Number at risk: number of patients surviving at each time point. U: unmethylated; M: methylated.&lt;/p&gt;
VARTM Model Development and Verification (2004)

In this investigation, a comprehensive Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process simulation model was developed and verified. The model incorporates resin flow through the preform, compaction and relaxation of the preform, and viscosity and cure kinetics of the resin. The computer model can be used to analyze the resin flow details, track the thickness change of the preform, predict the total infiltration time and final fiber volume fraction of the parts, and determine whether the resin could completely infiltrate and uniformly wet out the preform.
Supplemental Figure 3 from Calcipotriol Targets LRP6 to Inhibit Wnt Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3. Calcipotriol reduces VDR message while paradoxically increasing VDR protein levels. (A) VDR expression in AsPC-1 by qPCR after treatments described in Figure 3E. (B) Western blots for VDR or tubulin (loading control) for AsPC-1 lysates at indicated timepoints after calcipotriol treatment. Arrowhead indicates specific band representing VDR protein. qPCR reported as mean {plus minus} SEM. Representative experiments from 2-3 biologic replicates are shown. **P&lt;0.01.&lt;/p&gt;
Corrosion Behavior of FBR Structural Materials in High Temperature Supercritical CO2 (2009)

A key problem in the application of a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) turbine cycle to a fast breeder reactor is the corrosion of structural materials by supercritical CO2 at high temperature. In this study, corrosion tests on the candidate materials, high-chromium martensitic steel (12Cr-steel) and FBR grade type 316 stainless steel (316FR), were performed for up to approximately 2000h at 400–600°C in supercritical CO2 pressurized at 20MPa. Corrosion due to the high temperature oxidation was measured in both steels. Results showed that the behavior differed greatly. For 12Cr-specimens, weight gain showed parabolic growth as exposure time increased at each temperature. The oxidation coefficient could be estimated by the Arrhenius function. The specimens were covered by two successive layers of oxide, an Fe-Cr-O layer and an Fe-O layer. A partial thin oxide diffusion layer appeared between the base metal and the Fe-Cr-O layer. The corrosion behavior was equivalent to that in supercritical CO2 at 10MPa, and no effects of CO2 pressure were observed in this study. For 316FR specimens, the weight gain was significantly lower than that of 12Cr-specimen, and good resistance against corrosion was observed. No dependency of temperature or immersed time on weight gain was observed under the test conditions, and the value of all tested specimens was within 2g/m2. Some nodule shape oxide was observed on the surface of the 316FR specimen. Carburizing, known as a factor in the occurrence of breakaway corrosion and/or the degradation of ductility, was observed on the surface of both steels.
Effects of otolith geometry on steady streaming flows in the fish ear (2007)

The dense, bony otolith contained in the fish ear oscillates relative to its fluidic surroundings in the presence of a sound wave. How the otolith actually transduces this acoustically induced fluid motion into the hair cell displacements that the fish hears is not fully understood, however. Nevertheless, it is likely that the complicated geometry of the otolith, including the groove (sulcus) where most of the hair cells are found, contributes in some fashion to shaping the flow patterns that excite the hair cells. The effect of these grooves on the induced steady streaming flows was studied experimentally using both oscillating grooved spheroids and scaled models of actual otolith sulci to simulate acoustically induced motions of the otolith for oscillation orientation angles ranging from 0 deg to 90 deg. Particle-image velocimetry and flow visualization results obtained from images phase-locked to the oscillations are presented for normalized oscillation amplitudes, ε≡s/L=0.05–0.2 and Reynolds number, Re≡ωL2/ν≊1–102, where s is the oscillation amplitude, ω is the oscillation frequency, L is a typical otolith length scale, and ν is the fluid kinematic viscosity. The effect of phase on these data was also studied. [Work supported by ONR.]
Supplemental Table 1 and 2 from ERK Mutations Confer Resistance to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1 and 2. Amino acid substitutions for each significantly mutated ERK1/2 nucleotide for the ERK inhibitor screen (Table 1) or the RAF/MEK inhibitor screen (Table 2) and the accompanying resistance phenotype.&lt;/p&gt;
Antiviral Activity and Pharmacokinetics of 1-(2,3-Dideoxy-2-Fluoro-β- l -Glyceropent-2-Enofuranosyl)Cytosine (2003)

1-(2,3-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-beta-L-glyceropent-2-enofuranosyl)cytosine (L-2'-Fd4C) is an L-nucleoside analogue with both anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity with median effective concentrations of 0.12 microM in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 0.002 microM in HepG2-2.2.15 cells, respectively. The purpose of this study was to examine the antihepadnavirus potency and pharmacokinetics of L-2'-Fd4C in vivo. HBV-transgenic mice treated intraperitoneally with L-2'-Fd4C showed a reduction of HBV levels in their blood comparable to that produced by lamivudine. The pharmacokinetics of L-2'-Fd4C in rhesus monkeys was evaluated after intravenous and oral administration. The concentrations in plasma declined in a biexponential manner after intravenous administration, with a long terminal-phase half-life of 5.02 h. The steady-state volumes of distribution and systemic clearance were 1.09 liter x kg(-1) and 0.25 liter x h(-1) x kg(-1), respectively, with a renal clearance of 0.16 liter x h(-1) x kg(-1). The oral bioavailability was approximately 44%. About 53% of the compound administered intravenously and 19% of that administered orally were recovered unchanged in the urine within the 24-h urine collection period, and no other metabolite was detected. The compound penetrated the central nervous system at concentrations that exceeded the median effective antiviral concentration against HIV in cell cultures. Based upon these observations, further testing to develop this agent for treatment of HIV and HBV infections is warranted.
Effect of Asymmetry on the Electronic Delocalization in Diiron and Iron−Cobalt Mixed Valence Metallocenic Compounds (2002)

In this work, we report the synthesis and a study on the degree of electronic delocalization in the asymmetric mixed valence complexes [CpFe(C(8)H(6))Fe(C(8)H(7))](+), 3a(+), and [CpCo(C(8)H(6))Fe(C(8)H(7))](+), 3b(+), (Cp = C(5)Me(5), C(8)H(6) = pentalenyde, C(8)H(7) = hydropentalenyde, and = ((3,5(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(3))(4)B(-))). Electrochemical methods, (57)Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance were used for this purpose. Although the anti conformation of the complexes precludes any metal-metal interaction, all the techniques employed show that 3a(+) is a electronic delocalized system, while 3b(+) behaves as two individual metallic centers with localized electron density.
Continuous roll-to-roll fabrication of organic photovoltaic cells via interconnected high-vacuum and low-pressure organic vapor phase deposition systems (2018)

We demonstrate continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication of single junction and tandem organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells on flexible plastic substrates employing a system that integrates organic deposition by high vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE) and low pressure organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD). By moving the substrate from chamber to chamber and then depositing films on stationary substrates, we achieve power conversion efficiencies of PCE = 8.6 ± 0.3% and 8.9 ± 0.2% for the single junction and tandem cells, respectively. Single junction OPVs are also fabricated on a continuously translating substrate at 0.3 cm/s, to achieve PCE = 8.5 ± 0.2%. Thin films grown on translating substrates by OVPD show &amp;lt;3% thickness non-uniformity and 0.66 nm root mean square surface roughness, similar to that obtained by VTE. Our results suggest that R2R film deposition comprising multiple vapor deposition technologies is a promising method for rapid speed and continuous manufacturing of high quality, small molecular weight organic electronic materials.
Behavior of living human neural networks on microelectrode array support (2004)

The method performs comparably with other studied methods, does not rely on sophisticated named-entity recognition, and requires little initial seed knowledge.