gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Learning from Sparse Data (2013)

We describe two techniques that signicantly improve the running time of several stan-dard machine-learning algorithms when data is sparse. The rst technique is an algo-rithm that eÆciently extracts one-way and two-way counts|either real or expected| from discrete data. Extracting such counts is a fundamental step in learning algorithms for constructing a variety of models includ-ing decision trees, decision graphs, Bayesian networks, and naive-Bayes clustering models. The second technique is an algorithm that eÆciently performs the E-step of the EM al-gorithm (i.e., inference) when applied to a naive-Bayes clustering model. Using real-world data sets, we demonstrate a dramatic decrease in running time for algorithms that incorporate these techniques. 1
Colon Cancer Cells That Are Not Growth Inhibited by TGF-β Lack Functional Type I and Type II TGF-β Receptors (1995)

These results suggest that the lack of growth inhibition by TGF-beta in SW48 and SW1116 colon cancer cells may be caused by a lack of expression of functional TGF-beta receptors.
Molecular modelling of photoactive pigments in the solid state: Investigations of polymorphism (1993)

The application of molecular mechanics calculations to the study of solid state organic photoconductors has been investigated. Using X-ray crystallographic information for a series of four N.N′-dialkylperylene pigments, 1–4, lattices of these molecules were modelled using the Dreiding force field. Comparison of the resulting lattices with the experimental data demonstrated that both molecular and physical features of the perylenes could be accurately reproduced in these calculations. When systematic deviations in molecular geometry occurred, these errors could be attributed to the generic nature of the force field. We have extended the computational studies to the problem of polymorphism since this is known to have a profound effect on photoconduction. To model enthalpic polymorphs of N,N′-dimethylperylene, 1, the symmetry relationships and atomic coordinates from the crystal structure of N,N′-di-n-pentylperylene, 4, were utilized. By truncating the pentyl substituents to methyl groups and applying external stresses to the resulting lattice during minimization it was possible to identify two likely polymorphs of 1. The inclusion of Gasteiger's partial equalization of orbital electronegativity (PEOE) charges on the perylenes was not found to be beneficial in locating suitable polymorphs. These computational methods have been successful in modelling perylene pigments in the solid state and have been shown to be useful in investigating polymorphism.
DAC-less and DSP-free PAM-4 Transmitter at 112 Gb/s with Two Parallel GeSi Electro-Absorption Modulators (2017)

We present a novel integrated PAM-4 modulator based on the vector addition of 2 binary driven parallel GeSi electro-absorption modulators. Clear open eyes at 56 GBaud up to 2 km of SSMF without any DSP are demonstrated.
Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination (2020)

Immunogenicity and the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Thirty-four adults received two 100-μg injections of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and serum anti–spike protein and neutralizing antibody tit...
Ultrabroadband spontaneous parametric fluorescence in 800 nm region toward ultrahigh-resolution quantum optical coherence tomography (2014)

Quantum optical coherence tomography can realize high-resolution imaging with dispersion tolerance by virtue of quantum entanglement. We generate ultrabroadband spontaneous parametric fluorescence from chirped quasi-phase matching devices to achieve the ultrahigh-resolution imaging.
Bioactive Heterocycles from Domino Wittig‐Pericyclic Reactions (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrically Controlled Drug Delivery from Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films (2014)

On-demand, local delivery of drug molecules to target tissues provides a means for effective drug dosing while reducing the adverse effects of systemic drug delivery. This work explores an electrically controlled drug delivery nanocomposite composed of graphene oxide (GO) deposited inside a conducting polymer scaffold. The nanocomposite is loaded with an anti-inflammatory molecule, dexamethasone, and exhibits favorable electrical properties. In response to voltage stimulation, the nanocomposite releases drug with a linear release profile and a dosage that can be adjusted by altering the magnitude of stimulation. No drug passively diffuses from the composite in the absence of stimulation. In vitro cell culture experiments demonstrate that the released drug retains its bioactivity and that no toxic byproducts leach from the film during electrical stimulation. Decreasing the size and thickness of the GO nanosheets, by means of ultrasonication treatment prior to deposition into the nanocomposite, alters the film morphology, drug load, and release profile, creating an opportunity to fine-tune the properties of the drug delivery system to meet a variety of therapeutic needs. The high level of temporal control and dosage flexibility provided by the electrically controlled GO nanocomposite drug delivery platform make it an exciting candidate for on-demand drug delivery.
Photosensitization of titanium(IV) oxide with tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride. Surface states of titanium(IV) oxide (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticlePhotosensitization of titanium(IV) oxide with tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride. Surface states of titanium(IV) oxideJohn B. GoodenoughCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 17, 3492Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100214a045https://doi.org/10.1021/j100214a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of AB Ring Model System of Taxol via Allylation of 8‐ Membered Ring Compound and Intramolecular Aldol Condensation. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A large inexpensive desiccator (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA large inexpensive desiccatorRichard R. Hendrixson , David R. Whitcomb , and Richard A. Palmer Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 9, 593Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1976Published inissue 1 September 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ed053p593RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (255 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Ultralow power silicon microdisk modulators and switches (2008)

We demonstrate a 4 mum silicon microdisk modulator with a power consumption of 85 fJ/bit. The modulator utilizes a reverse-biased, vertical p-n junction to achieve 10 Gb/s data transmission with 3.5 V drive voltage, BER<10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> , and without signal pre-emphasis. High-speed silicon bandpass switches are constructed from pairs of modulators.
Figure S4 from Induced Telomere Damage to Treat Telomerase Expressing Therapy-Resistant Pediatric Brain Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A, cell growth kinetics of HFF, HFF+hTERT, Saos2, and U2OS cells. B, relative cell growth. C, percent viability of HFF+hTERT and U2OS cells treated with 3 µM 6-thio-dG for 3 days followed by 10 days post-drug removal. D, agarose gel electrophoresis (0.7%) of genomic DNA extracted from HFF+hTERT (lanes 2, 3), U2OS (lanes 4, 5), and HFF (lanes 6, 7) cells treated with DMSO or 3 µM 6-thio-dG treated for 3 days. Lane 1, molecular weight marker, lambda phage DNA/HindIII, is indicated. Gel was run two independent times.&lt;/p&gt;
On space-time-frequency coding over MIMO-OFDM systems (2005)

A sphere packing lower bound and a pairwise error upper bound are derived on error probability of space-time-frequency coded OFDM systems over multiple antenna block-fading channels. These bounds are useful in performance analysis and design of the codes. For example, the sphere packing bound provides a tool to investigate the performance limits of frequency-selective block-fading channels in terms of parameters such as number of antennas, coherence time, coherence bandwidth, delay constraint, and system bandwidth. Also, it can be used to specify the merit of a code in the sense of how far the code performs from fundamental limits. Comparisons with several known results are provided to support this assertion. On the other hand, the pairwise error upper bound can be used as a basis for a unified approach to analysis and design of space-time-frequency codes over any Rician or Rayleigh, block-fading channel in the presence of any type of correlation profile. Expressions for maxima of temporal diversity, spectral diversity, and spatial diversity are derived in terms of the system parameters. It is shown that under certain circumstances, one can not obtain the maxima of all types of diversities jointly. Moreover, the effect of system parameters and channel correlation profile on outage probability is investigated. Specifically, it is shown that unlike the spatial correlation, the temporal and spectral correlation does not affect the ergodic channel capacity (per dimension). However, they increase the variance of instantaneous channel capacity and hence, increase the outage probability.
Yield Stress in Foods: Measurements and Applications (2009)

Though the presence of true yield stress has been debated, it has been accepted as an engineering reality. Now, yield stress is routinely measured and used in the food industry not only for basic process calculations and manufacturing practices, but also as a test for sensory and quality indices and to determine the effect of composition and manufacturing procedures on structural and functional properties. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of various measurement methods and the applications of yield stress in many practical situations. The measurement methods have been grouped under traditional and recent methods. An emphasis was placed on the development of measurement methods applied to a variety of foods, and the use of yield stress as a parameter to evaluate certain food material attributes: flow behavior, end-use quality, processability, composition, and so on.
EXTENDING STORAGE LIFE OF PAPAYA WITH EDIBLE COATING (1992)

Application of edible coatings that can simulate controlled atmosphere storage has become a popular concept. An experimental coating developed at the USDA Winter Haven laboratory, Nature-Seal (patent application #07/679,849), or a commercial composite coating was applied to papaya fruit at the green (immature) stage for comparison to uncoated fruit. Both types of coatings contain a polysaccharide base and therefore have different properties than most commercial “wax” coatings. The fruit were stored continuously at 21C or 3 days at 13C then ripened at 21C with 95 to 98% RH. Sample fruit from each treatment were analyzed for color, weight loss, CO 2 ethylene, &amp; % decay and softening. Results showed substantial extension of papaya shelf-life when the fruit were coated with Nature Seal while the commercial coating was less effective. This effect was due to retardation of ripening as evidenced by delayed color development, softening, and effect of coating permeability to CO 2 and O 2 on climacteric CO 2 and ethylene production.
An Inducible and Reversible Mouse Genetic Rescue System (2008)

Inducible and reversible regulation of gene expression is a powerful approach for uncovering gene function. We have established a general method to efficiently produce reversible and inducible gene knockout and rescue in mice. In this system, which we named iKO, the target gene can be turned on and off at will by treating the mice with doxycycline. This method combines two genetically modified mouse lines: a) a KO line with a tetracycline-dependent transactivator replacing the endogenous target gene, and b) a line with a tetracycline-inducible cDNA of the target gene inserted into a tightly regulated (TIGRE) genomic locus, which provides for low basal expression and high inducibility. Such a locus occurs infrequently in the genome and we have developed a method to easily introduce genes into the TIGRE site of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by recombinase-mediated insertion. Both KO and TIGRE lines have been engineered for high-throughput, large-scale and cost-effective production of iKO mice. As a proof of concept, we have created iKO mice in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, which allows for sensitive and quantitative phenotypic analyses. The results demonstrated reversible switching of ApoE transcription, plasma cholesterol levels, and atherosclerosis progression and regression. The iKO system shows stringent regulation and is a versatile genetic system that can easily incorporate other techniques and adapt to a wide range of applications.
A Method to Quantify Breast MRI for Predicting Tumor Invasion in Patients with Preoperative Biopsy- Proven Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) (2013)

Dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can visualize alterations of vascularity and capillary permeability of breast lesions and enables us to identify breast lesions differentially from normal tissue (1-3). Owing to this characteristic of DCE-MRI, it has been widely used as INTRODUCTION �Received; June 30, 2012�Revised; March 22, 2013 �Accepted; March 22, 2013 Corresponding author : Sung Hun Kim, M.D. Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’ Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea. Tel. 82-2-2258-6250, Fax. 82-2-599-6771 E-mail : rad-ksh@catholic.ac.kr A Method to Quantify Breast MRI for Predicting Tumor Invasion in Patients with Preoperative BiopsyProven Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)
Bright organic electroluminescent devices with double-layer cathode (1993)

Electroluminescent devices were fabricated using a diamine derivative and tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) complex as the hole transport layer and the emitting layer, respectively. The glass substrate/anode/hole transport layer/emitting layer/cathode cells structure was employed. The anode was indium-tin-oxide (ITO) transparent electrode, and the cathode was a double layer consisting of first layer of Mg or Li and the second layer of Ag. Intense bright green emission with luminance of 40400 cd/m/sup 2/ was achieved at 18-V with a current density of 330 mA/cm/sup 2/ for the cell with the Al complex doped with 1 mol.% of coumarin 6 and Li/Ag as the cathode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
UV detectors and LEDs in different metal oxide nanostructures (2014)

Different composite nanostructures based pn-junctions have been synthesized using the low temperature hydrothermal chemical growth. The composite nanostructures based pn junctions demonstrated here include p-NiO/n-ZnO, p-CuO/n- ZnO, and p-NiO/n-TiO<sub>2</sub>. Structural characterization of these composite nanostructures based pn-junctions was performed by different complementary tools and the results indicated that reasonable device quality crystals have been achieved. His act was also confirmed by the rectifying electrical behavior observed from these junctions. Further, the different composite nanostructures based junctions were used to demonstrate UV detectors and visible light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating with acceptable performance.
An electrical conductivity inspection methodology of polycrystalline diamond cutters (2012)

The polycrystalline diamond cutter (PDC) is widely used in oil and gas drilling operations. It is manufactured by sintering diamond powder onto a tungsten carbide substrate at 6 GPa and 1500 C. During sintering, molten cobalt from the substrate infiltrates the diamond table. The residual metal content correlates with cutter performance. We present an instrument that employs electrical impedance tomography capable of imaging the 3D metal content distribution in the diamond table. These images can be used to predict cutter performance as well as detect flaws.
Optical computing 88 (1988)

This book includes papers on: experimental results from an optical implementation of a simple neural network; Optical associative memory model with threshold modification using complementary vector; and Real-time Fourier transformed holographic associative memory with photorefractive material.
31.4 A Chopper-Stabilized Amplifier with -107dB IMD and 28dB Suppression of Chopper-Induced IMD (2021)

Amplifiers often employ chopping to achieve low offset and low-frequency noise. However, the interaction between the input signal and the chopper clock can cause chopper-induced intermodulation distortion (IMD) [1] -[5]. This is especially problematic for input frequencies (Fin) near even multiples of the chopping frequency (FCH), as the resulting IMD tones fold-back to low frequencies and so cannot be filtered out. In [2] -[4], spread-spectrum clocks are used to convert such tones into noise-like signals. However, this increases the noise floor and does not address the underlying problem. This paper shows that chopper-induced IMD is mainly due to amplifier delay, which results in large chopping spikes. A novel fill-in technique is proposed that mitigates these spikes, and so reduces the chopper-induced IMD. In a prototype chopper-stabilized amplifier, it reduces the chopper-induced IMD by 28dB, resulting in an IMD of -126dB for input frequencies near 4FCH (=80kHz). Similarly, it improves the chopped amplifier's two-tone IMD (79 and 80kHz) from -97dB to -107dB, thus maintaining the same IMD as the un-chopped amplifier.
Platelet‐activating factor increases pH(i)in bovine neutrophils through the PI3K–ERK1/2 pathway (2004)

1. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is known to stimulate a variety of neutrophil activities, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, reactive oxygen species production and intracellular pH increase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PAF on pH((i)), specifically if these changes in pH are the result of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation in bovine neutrophils. 2. PAF caused intracellular alkalinization in 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester-loaded bovine neutrophils. This phenomenon seems to be mediated by amiloride-sensitive Na(+)/H(+) exchange, and is inhibited by WEB2086 (a selective PAF receptor antagonist), genistein (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor), wortmannin and LY294002 (PI3K inhibitors), and PD98059 and UO126 (MEK inhibitors). 3. PAF 100 nm induced an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins 62, 44 and 21 kDa with a maximum response at 2 min of incubation. 4. Unlike human neutrophils, bovine neutrophils are strongly stimulated by PAF via phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase) with an EC(50) of 30 and 13 nm, respectively. 5. PAF MAPK activation was also inhibited by WEB2086, pertussis toxin (PTX), genistein, wortmannin, LY294002, PD98059 and UO126 in bovine neutrophils. The ERK1/2 activation is dependent on PI3K pathway, because protein kinase B was phosphorylated by PAF and inhibited by wortmannin and LY294002, but not by U0126. 6. Our results suggest that PAF induces intracellular alkalinization via PI3K-MAPK activation. This effect is upstream regulated by PAF receptor, PTX-sensitive G protein, tyrosine kinase, PI3K and MEK1/2 in bovine neutrophils.
Genetic and functional odorant receptor variation in the Homo lineage (2022)

Humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans independently adapted to a wide range of geographic environments and their associated food odors. Using ancient DNA sequences, we explored the <i>in vitro</i> function of thirty odorant receptor genes in the genus <i>Homo</i>. Our extinct relatives had highly conserved olfactory receptor sequence, but humans did not. Variations in odorant receptor protein sequence and structure may have produced variation in odor detection and perception. Variants led to minimal changes in specificity but had more influence on functional sensitivity. The few Neanderthal variants disturbed function, whereas Denisovan variants increased sensitivity to sweet and sulfur odors. Geographic adaptations may have produced greater functional variation in our lineage, increasing our olfactory repertoire and expanding our adaptive capacity. Our survey of olfactory genes and odorant receptors suggests that our genus has a shared repertoire with possible local ecological adaptations.