gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simulator for Training a Full Mastoidectomy Procedure (2005)

In this demo, we display the features of our simulation of a mastoidectomy, a surgical procedure in which a portion of the temporal bone is drilled away in order to access the inner ear. In our physical simulator, a hybrid data structure is maintained that allows computation of appropriate drill forces using rapid collision-detection in a spatially discretized volumetric voxel representation while graphically rendering a smooth triangular mesh that is modified in real-time as the voxels are drilled away. Realistic drill sounds, based on data recorded in a bone drilling laboratory, are produced, with frequencies giving cues to bone depth. Other graphical effects include bone dust and blood (both of which can be removed using a suction controlled by a second haptic device) rendered according to particle simulations, shadows, and detailed anatomical models of surrounding structures and of the inner ear. In addition, higher-level training and evaluation are performed through the interaction of this physical simulation with an event engine and a performance evaluator. The event engine tracks the progress of the procedure, detecting such actions as collisions between the drill and critical anatomical structures or the achieving of proper exposure of such structures, which can trigger responses ranging from instructional messages to changes in the physical simulation (such as the initiation of bleeding). It uses a model of the procedure, representing the relevant events to detect and actions to take, which may depend on the current state of the simulation, which is developed by an instructing surgeon using a graphical scripting environment that makes use of finite automata. Trainees are also evaluated on their ability to maintain proper visibility of the drilling region and their application of appropriate drill forces and velocities (as a function of distances from key structures), which have been learned from exemplary runs of the simulation by an expert surgeon. In addition to quantitative scores, constructive criticism is provided in the form of interactive visualizations that clearly illustrate regions in which proper technique was or was not demonstrated.
Survival Rates and Clinical Characteristics of Young Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (2017)

Abstract Introduction: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare and incurable lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma that is typically diagnosed at a median age of 69 years. Patients less than 50 years of age account for less than 10% of all WM cases (Castillo Br J Haematol 2015). As such, the clinical characteristics and survival function of these young patients have not been evaluated in detail. This descriptive retrospective study elucidates the clinical features and life expectancy of young patients with WM. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with WM before the age of 45 was conducted to elucidate differences in clinical characteristics between patients aged Results: 124 patients seen at this institution were diagnosed with WM before the age of 45, of which 32 (26%) were less than 40 years old at diagnosis and 92 (74%) were between 40 and 45. 73 (59%) patients were male. For all patients at the time of diagnosis, the median hemoglobin was 11.7 g/dL (4-15.1 g/dL), median platelet count was 247 K/μL (31-526 K/μL), median beta-2-microglobulin 2.2 g/L (0.9-21.7 g/L), median serum IgM level 3,570 mg/dL (398-11,000 mg/dL) and median bone marrow involvement 50% (2-100%). No statistical differences were found in age, sex, hemoglobin, platelet count, beta-2-microglobulin, serum IgM level or bone marrow involvement between both age groups at initiation of first line therapy for WM. 77 (62%) were treated within one year of diagnosis and 26 (21%) were treated after one year post-diagnosis; 21 patients (17%) have not yet been treated with a median time from WM diagnosis of 13 years. 68% of patients diagnosed before age 40 were initiated on treatment within 12 months of being diagnosed compared to 75% of patients in the ≥40 age group. Among the 103 patients who have received WM-directed therapy, the indication for treatment included: symptomatic hyperviscosity (n=43; 41%), extramedullary disease (n=35; 33%), constitutional symptoms (n=35; 33%), anemia (n=20; 19%), and peripheral neuropathy (n=20; 19%). 48% of patients 0.05 for all comparisons). The median follow-up for all patients was 94 months with a 5-year OS rate of 98%, 10-year OS rate of 89% and a 20-year OS rate of 86%. In patients Conclusion: It is important to note the unexpected finding that 48% of WM patients Download : Download high-res image (98KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Disclosures Treon: Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Castillo: Abbvie: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding.
The Role of Mechanical Force and ROS in Integrin-Dependent Signals (2013)

Cells are exposed to several types of integrin stimuli, which generate responses generally referred to as ''integrin signals'', but the specific responses to different integrin stimuli are poorly defined. In this study, signals induced by integrin ligation during cell attachment, mechanical force from intracellular contraction, or cell stretching by external force were compared. The elevated phosphorylation levels of several proteins during the early phase of cell attachment and spreading of fibroblast cell lines were not affected by inhibition of ROCK and myosin II activity, i.e. the reactions occurred independently of intracellular contractile force acting on the adhesion sites. The contraction-independent phosphorylation sites included ERK1/2 T202/Y204, AKT S473, p130CAS Y410, and cofilin S3. In contrast to cell attachment, cyclic stretching of the adherent cells induced a robust phosphorylation only of ERK1/2 and the phosphorylation levels of the other investigated proteins were not or only moderately affected by stretching. No major differences between signaling via a5b1 or avb3 integrins were detected. The importance of mitochondrial ROS for the integrin-induced signaling pathways was investigated using rotenone, a specific inhibitor of complex I in the respiratory chain. While rotenone only moderately reduced ATP levels and hardly affected the signals induced by cyclic cell stretching, it abolished the activation of AKT and reduced the actin polymerization rate in response to attachment in both cell lines. In contrast, scavenging of extracellular ROS with catalase or the vitamin C analog Asc-2P did not significantly influence the attachment-derived signaling, but caused a selective and pronounced enhancement of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to stretching. In conclusion, the results showed that ''integrin signals'' are composed of separate sets of reactions triggered by different types of integrin stimulation. Mitochondrial ROS and extracellular ROS had specific and distinct effects on the integrin signals induced by cell attachment and mechanical stretching.
Delivery of the p38 MAPkinase Inhibitor SB202190 to Angiogenic Endothelial Cells:  Development of Novel RGD-Equipped and PEGylated Drug−Albumin Conjugates Using Platinum(II)-Based Drug Linker Technology (2006)

Endothelial cells play an important role in inflammatory disorders, as they control the recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissue and the formation of new blood vessels. Activation of p38MAP kinase results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of adhesion molecules. P38MAP kinase inhibitors are therefore considered important candidates for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In the present study, we propose a novel strategy to counteract these processes by delivery of the p38MAP kinase inhibitor SB202190 into angiogenic endothelial cells. A drug-targeting conjugate was developed by conjugation of SB202190 to human serum albumin (HSA) using a novel platinum-based linker. Specificity for angiogenic endothelial cells was introduced by conjugation of cyclic RGD-peptides via bifunctional polyethylene glycol linkers. The final products contained an average of nine SB202190 and six RGDPEG groups per albumin. The platinum-based linker displayed high stability in buffers and culture medium, but released SB202190 slowly upon competition with sulfur-containing ligands like glutathione. RGDPEG-SB-HSA bound to alpha(v3)-integrin expressing endothelial cells (human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells) with low nanomolar affinity and was subsequently internalized. When HUVEC were treated with TNF to induce inflammatory events, pretreatment with RGDPEG-SB-HSA partially inhibited proinflammatory gene expression (IL-8, E-selectin; 30% inhibition) and secretion of cytokines (IL-8, 34% inhibition). We conclude that the developed RGDPEG-SB-HSA conjugates provide a novel means to counteract inflammation disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Compact integrated surface plasmon resonance spectroscopic sensor platform with on-chip self-referencing (2013)

We present the SPR_CD spectroscopic biosensor design experimentally investigated by our research group. The implemented sensor platform is dedicated to droplet biochemical analysis involving multichannel detection format.
Optimization of Origami-Based Tubes for Lightweight Deployable Structures (2017)

Tubular origami may provide both the needed deployment displacement and sufficient strength to be useful as deployable structures. This paper reviews origami tube-based deployable mechanisms and a structural optimization of FEA models is performed. Symmetric and non-symmetric 4-sided tubes are evaluated. Panel geometries and thicknesses are varied to produce rigidly foldable origami-tube-based mechanisms that are both strong and lightweight. The mechanical properties of these tubes over various deployment lengths are discussed. Three different configurations of this mechanism are compared and the advantages of each are discussed.
A computer package for DNA sequence analysis (1984)

We have developed a comprehensive software-hardware package for a CP/M based or other microcomputer which can perform four major functions in a molecular biology laboratory: (1) the acquisition and analysis of DNA sequence data, (2) word processing in the preparation of scientific manuscripts and figures, (3) general lab computation and data reduction, and (4) as a data terminal for communication of data over the phone line.
Familial aggregation of parkinsonism in progressive supranuclear palsy (2009)

This study demonstrates familial aggregation of parkinsonism in progressive supranuclear palsy.
A systematic review of the literature (2002)

OBJECTIVE — To systematically review the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes (PTD), risk factors for its development, prognostic implications, and optimal management. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and others) from inception to September 2000, reviewed bibliographies in reports retrieved, contacted transplantation experts, and reviewed specialty journals. Two reviewers independently determined report inclusion (original studies, in all languages, of PTD in adults with no history of diabetes before transplantation), assessed study methods, and extracted data using a standardized form. Meta-regression was used to explain between-study differences in incidence. RESULTS — Nineteen studies with 3,611 patients were included. The 12-month cumulative incidence of PTD is lower (10% in most studies) than it was 3 decades ago. The type of immunosuppression explained 74% of the variability in incidence (P 0.0004). Risk factors were patient age, nonwhite ethnicity, glucocorticoid treatment for rejection, and immunosuppression with high-dose cyclosporine and tacrolimus. PTD was associated with decreased graft and patient survival in earlier studies; later studies showed improved outcomes. Randomized trials of treatment regimens have not been conducted. CONCLUSIONS — Physicians should consider modification of immunosuppressive regimens to decrease the risk of PTD in high-risk transplant recipients. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate the use of oral glucose-lowering agents in transplant recipients, paying particular attention to interactions with immunosuppressive drugs. Diabetes Care 25:583–592, 2002
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Flexible Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Based on the Tetrapeptide Arg—Gly—Asp—Arg (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low Cost, Low Surface Area Activated Carbon As Anode Material for Neutral pH Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitor Applications Via a Simple Surface Modification (2015)

Surface modified activated carbon has been developed for use as a low-cost electrode material in aqueous asymmetric electrochemical supercapacitors. Specifically, wood-based activated carbon with a surface area of under 500 m 2 /g was modified using an intermediate temperature acid exposure step that more than doubled the specific capacitance in a neutral aqueous electrolyte. After the modification step, the carbon was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET, and combustion analysis. The material thus developed gave approximately 200% improvement in the specific capacitance in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 ; namely 109 F/g when compared against the precursor activated carbon which showed 38 F/g. To prove the possible utility of this material, full asymmetric energy storage cells were made using the modified carbon as the anode active material and Lithium Manganese Oxide as the cathode active material and Na 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte. The test cells displayed excellent reversible capacity greater than 40 Ah/kg of activated carbon in anode for over 1000 cycles, which is an effective capacitance of approximately 160 F/g delivered over relatively slow charge/discharge rates. A Simple economic analysis shows that this material is over an order of magnitude more cost effective on a $/Ah basis than off-the-shelf electrochemical double-layer capacitor materials. These encouraging results show great promise in developing low cost energy storage devices while incorporating non-toxic and environmentally benign materials. Figure 1
A Temporal Comparative RNA Transcriptome Profile of the Annexin Gene Family in the Salivary versus Lacrimal Glands of the Sjögren’s Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 Mouse (2022)

A generally accepted hypothesis for the initial activation of an immune or autoimmune response argues that alarmins are released from injured, dying and/or activated immune cells, and these products complex with receptors that activate signal transduction pathways and recruit immune cells to the site of injury where the recruited cells are stimulated to initiate immune and/or cellular repair responses. While there are multiple diverse families of alarmins such as interleukins (IL), heat-shock proteins (HSP), Toll-like receptors (TLR), plus individual molecular entities such as Galectin-3, Calreticulin, Thymosin, alpha-Defensin-1, RAGE, and Interferon-1, one phylogenetically conserved family are the Annexin proteins known to promote an extensive range of biomolecular and cellular products that can directly and indirectly regulate inflammation and immune activities. For the present report, we examined the temporal expression profiles of the 12 mammalian annexin genes (<i>Anxa1-11</i> and <i>Anxa13</i>), applying our temporal genome-wide transcriptome analyses of ex vivo salivary and lacrimal glands from our C57BL/6.NOD-<i>Aec1Aec2</i> mouse model of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), a human autoimmune disease characterized primarily by severe dry mouth and dry eye symptoms. Results indicate that annexin genes <i>Anax1-7</i> and <i>-11</i> exhibited upregulated expressions and the initial timing for these upregulations occurred as early as 8 weeks of age and prior to any covert signs of a SS-like disease. While the profiles of the two glands were similar, they were not identical, suggesting the possibility that the SS-like disease may not be uniform in the two glands. Nevertheless, this early pre-clinical and concomitant upregulated expression of this specific set of alarmins within the immune-targeted organs represents a potential target for identifying the pre-clinical stage in human SS as well, a fact that would clearly impact future interventions and therapeutic strategies.
Revised supplementary file from Axl Blockade by BGB324 Inhibits BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–Sensitive and -Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary material &amp; methods, supplementary references, and supplementary figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Reassignment of (+)‐Neopeltolide. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Translation of liver stage activity of M5717, a Plasmodium elongation factor 2 inhibitor: from bench to bedside (2022)

This approach has the potential to accelerate the search for new anti-malarials, to reduce the number of healthy volunteers needed in a clinical study and decrease and refine the animal use in the preclinical phase.
Bayesian Belief Network for Robust Engine Design and Architecture Selection (2014)

Designing propulsion system architectures to meet next generation requirements requires many tradeoffs be made. These trades are often between performance, risk, and cost. For example, the core of an engine is the most expensive and highest risk area of a propulsion system design. However, a new core design provides the greatest flexibility in meeting future performance requirements. The decision to upgrade or redesign the core must be justified by comparison with other lower risk options. Furthermore, for turboshaft applications, the choice of compressor, whether axial or centrifugal, is a major decision and trade with the choice being heavily driven by both current and projected weight and performance requirements. This problem is confounded by uncertainty in potential benefits of technologies or future performance of components. To address these issues this research proposes the use of a Bayesian belief network (BBN) to extend the more traditional robust engine design process. This is done by leveraging forward and backward inference to identify engine upgrade paths that are robust to uncertainty in requirements performance. Prior beliefs on the different scenarios and technology uncertainty can be used to quantify risk. Forward inference can be used to compare different scenarios. The problem will be demonstrated using a two-spool turboshaft architecture modeled using the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) program. Upgrade options will include off the shelf, derivative engine (fixed core) with no technologies, derivative engine with new technologies, a new engine with no technologies, and a new engine with new technologies. The robust design process with a BBN will be used to identify which engine cycle and upgrade scenario is needed to meet performance requirements while minimizing cost and risk. To demonstrate how the choice of upgrade and cycle change with changes in requirements, studies are performed at different horsepower, ESFC, and power density requirements.
The Passivity of Fe/Si Alloys in Aqueous Electrolytes at pH 5 and 9 Studied by X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (1998)

Electrochemical passive layers on binary Fe/Si alloys with different Si contents of the bulk [2–50 atomic percent (a/o)] were prepared in an alkaline (pH 9.0) and in an acidic (pH 5.0) electrolyte and investigated with X‐ray photoelectron and ion scattering spectroscopy. The preparation of the sputter‐cleaned samples and their transfer to the Ultrahigh vacuum was performed with exclusion of the laboratory atmosphere in purified argon. The anodic films reveal a structure which reflects the dissolution properties of the pure oxides. In acidic solutions (pH 5.0) Si(IV) oxide is the predominant component, whereas at pH 9,0 large Fe contributions are found, Fe(II) at low and Fe(III) at high potentials. A Si content of ⩾21.3 a/o reduces the active dissolution and extends the passive potential range toward negative values even in acidic electrolytes in close agreement with a dense Si(IV) oxide film.
Primary Analysis of Phase 2 Results for Cemiplimab in Patients (pts) with Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma (laBCC) who Progress on or are Intolerant to Hedgehog Inhibitors (HHIs) (2021)

Abstract not available.
ChemInform Abstract: A Microbially‐Based Approach for the Synthesis of Chiral Secondary Alcohols Bearing the Difluoromethyl or Chlorodifluoromethyl Group. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cleavage of Host Cytokeratin-6 by Lysine-Specific Gingipain Induces Gingival Inflammation in Periodontitis Patients (2015)

Kgp degrades gingival epithelial cell cytokeratin 6 to K6F that, on release, induces invasion and cytokine secretion by human gingival fibroblasts. Thus, Kgp may contribute to the development of periodontal disease.
Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea with gold-based catalysts (2011)

The reaction of glycerol with urea to form glycerol carbonate is mostly reported in the patent literature and to date there have been very few fundamental studies of the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, most previous studies have involved homogeneous catalysts whereas the identification of heterogeneous catalysts for this reaction would be highly beneficial. This is a very attractive reaction that utilises two inexpensive and readily available raw materials in a chemical cycle that overall, results in the chemical fixation of CO(2). This reaction also provides a route to up-grade waste glycerol produced in large quantities during the production of biodiesel. Previous reports are largely based on the utilisation of high concentrations of metal sulfates or oxides, which suffer from low intrinsic activity and selectivity. We have identified heterogeneous catalysts based on gallium, zinc, and gold supported on a range of oxides and the zeolite ZSM-5, which facilitate this reaction. The addition of each component to ZSM-5 leads to an increase in the reaction yield towards glycerol carbonate, but supported gold catalysts display the highest activity. For gold-based catalysts, MgO is the support of choice. Catalysts have been characterised by XRD, TEM, STEM and XPS, and the reaction has been studied with time-on-line analysis of products via a combination of FT-IR spectroscopy, HPLC, (13)C NMR and GC-MS analysis to evaluate the reaction pathway. Our proposed mechanism suggests that glycerol carbonate forms via the cyclization of a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl carbamate and that a subsequent reaction of glycerol carbonate with urea yields the carbamate of glycerol carbonate. Stability and reactivity studies indicate that consecutive reactions of glycerol carbonate can limit the selectivity achieved and reaction conditions can be selected to avoid this. The effect of the catalyst in the proposed mechanism is discussed.