gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients with respect to second malignant neoplasms, overall and progression-free survival (2010)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The main objective is to assess and compare the risks of secondary malignant neoplasms, including secondary solid tumours, secondary NHL and secondary AML, in HL patients according to the design of first‐line treatment, which includes use of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, type and amount of chemotherapy and extent and dosage of radiation. A list of study questions (SQ) follows. One SQ concerns the intensification of first‐line therapy, while the remainder deal with de‐intensification. Two questions were adopted from the original systematic review (Franklin 2005). SQ1. Does the avoidance of additional radiotherapy lessen the risk of secondary malignant neoplasms (separately for early and advanced stages)? The original review demonstrated lower risk for chemotherapy alone. SQ2. Does the use of involved‐field radiation lessen the risk of secondary malignant neoplasms compared with extended‐field radiation (early stages)? The original review did not show a significant difference. Three novel questions: SQ3. does the use of reduced‐dose radiation (e.g., 20 Gy or 30 Gy) reduce the risk of secondary malignant neoplasms compared with the standard (circa 35 to 40 Gy)? SQ4: does the use of fewer chemotherapy cycles lessen the secondary malignant neoplasm risk? SQ5: does the use of intensified chemotherapy regimens, which have been demonstrated to improve efficacy, increase the risk of secondary malignant neoplasms? For all these SQs, secondary malignant neoplasm risk will be set in the context of differences in efficacy by evaluation of progression‐free and overall survival. Furthermore, it is known that the various types of secondary malignant neoplasms, namely acute leukaemia, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and solid tumours, differ greatly in their respective risk factors, including treatment factors. Thus, these treatment comparisons will also be made separately with respect to each type. Risks due to the first‐line therapy alone and additional risks due to salvage treatment for progressing and relapsing patients will be investigated. Except as a means of assessing data quality, no attempt is made to estimate secondary malignant neoplasm risks relative to the general population. Further, the overall and progression‐free survival rates following these interventions will be compared. The results concerning secondary malignant neoplasms will be assessed in the light of this information. Conclusions will be drawn concerning the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment modality for relevant categories of patients.
Influence of sound diffraction on stimulated Brillouin scattering in a single-mode waveguide (1986)

A theoretical analysis is made of steady-state backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (STBS) in an optical waveguide under conditions such that the attenuation length of hypersound is less than, of the order of, or greater than the length of diffraction spreading of the hypersonic wave. The STBS gain, as well as the line width and profile, are found on the assumption that the acoustic properties of the medium are homogeneous. A relative reduction in the diffraction length ld increases the line width Δω in a cylindrical waveguide proportionally to ld−1, whereas the static gain g falls proportionally to ld ; in a planar single-mode waveguide the corresponding dependences are Δωld−1/2 and gld1/2 .
Smart Packaging for Security and Logistics (2011)

In a mobile, always-connected world, consumers expect printed objects to contain pollable information. From 2D and color 2D barcodes to user-interactive sensors (such as battery &#x201C;juice checkers&#x201D;), users expect printed information to provide a &#x201C;physical browser&#x201D; effect&#x2014;printed content connects the user to on-line content. The advantages for a product manufacturer are many, since the information goes both ways. Consumers also expect on-line information to point them to the physical objects. Print-powered applications run the gamut from barcode-reading services like RedLaser to comparison-shopping services like Froogle and ShopSavvy. Web addresses can be embedded directly into images by digital watermark supported applications such as Clic2C. In this paper, several methods by which packaging can augment the information in either a &#x201C;print-as-manufacturing&#x201D; or &#x201C;actionable printing&#x201D; approach are outlined. These include (1) the &#x201C;physical browser&#x201D; effect where imaging the printed information connects the consumer to on-line content; (2) the &#x201C;sensor&#x201D; effect where the consumer can activate on-package sensors such as LEDs, voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, etc., and (3) the &#x201C;hybrid printing&#x201D; effect where the printed information augments a non-printed sensor or other manufactured device (such as a printed antenna for an RFID or near-field communication (NFC) device. These intelligent packaging approaches enable a wide variety of other valuable workflows in security, authentication, customer loyalty and gaming, track and trace, etc. The brand owners benefit from the wide array of useful analytics that can be derived.
Deep Learning for Consumer Devices and Services 4—A Review of Learnable Data Augmentation Strategies for Improved Training of Deep Neural Networks (2020)

Learnable data augmentation is a technique where a neural network learns to create modified data samples that improve the training outcome from a second, parallel neural network. This is a relatively new approach to dataset augmentation that has inspired many variations in the last few years. In this article the most signficiant of these advanced data augmentation strategies are summarised and discussed.
Performance of the Galley Parallel File System (1996)

As the I/O needs of parallel scientific applications increase, file systems for multiprocessors are being designed to provide applications with parallel access to multiple disks. Many parallel file systems present applications with a conventional Unix-like interface that allows the application to access multiple disks transparently. This interface conceals the parallelism within the file system, which increases the ease of programmability, but makes it difficult or impossible for sophisticated programmers and libraries to use knowledge about their I/O needs to exploit that parallelism. Furthermore, most current parallel file systems are optimized for a different workload than they are being asked to support. We introduce Galley, a new parallel file system that is intended to efficiently support realistic parallel workloads. Initial experiments, reported in this paper, indicate that Galley is capable of providing high-performance I/O to applications that access data in patterns that have been observed to be common.
<title>Recording and analysis of (high-frequency) sinusoidal vibrations using computerized TV-holography</title> (1991)

The RETRA 1000 TV-holography system has been further developed for analysis of high frequency vibrations, using automatic data acquisition. Special phase shift algorithms are executed by means of a PC-based image processing system. The phase shifts are effected by a built in electro-optic modulator, controlled by a two channel high-resolution digital frequency synthesizer. The optical (speckle) and electronic noise is reduced, using an automatic speckle averaging technique. Amplitude and phase distributions can be calculated and presented for frequencies up to 10 MHz. The lower limit for amplitude detection is below 1 nm (for HeNe laser), while the relative phase distribution is given with less than 3° accuracy under stable conditions. We show results where the technique has been used to analyze various vibrating test objects like a ceramic "crystal", a high frequency loudspeaker and finally an underwater acoustic transducer. The crystal had resonant modes from 3,8 to 7,8 MHz
Relative Stereochemical Determination and Synthesis of the C17–C25 δ-Lactone Fragment of Hemicalide (2013)

Hemicalide is a novel marine metabolite polyketide distinguished by a unique mechanism of action. Because of insufficient quantities of purified material, this natural product has evaded complete stereochemical assignments. Recently, we have determined the relative stereochemistry of the C8-C13 hexad by synthesizing the C1-C13 fragment. Presently, we report the assignment of the C17-C25 δ-lactone fragment. NMR analysis of authentic hemicalide along with a computational conformation study allowed us to reduce the number of putative relative isomers from 16 to 4. Concise syntheses of the four candidate diastereomers were achieved using a common strategy based on a Dias aldehyde allylation reaction, an intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination, and a dihydroxylation reaction. Finally, thorough NMR comparisons enabled us to deduce the relative stereochemistry of the C1-C17 fragment with high certainty.
Sensitization of titanium dioxide in the visible light region using zinc porphyrins (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSensitization of titanium dioxide in the visible light region using zinc porphyrinsK. Kalyanasundaram, N. Vlachopoulos, V. Krishnan, A. Monnier, and M. GraetzelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 9, 2342–2347Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100293a027https://doi.org/10.1021/j100293a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1030Altmetric-Citations229LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ClusterValidityIndices.jl: Batch and IncrementalMetrics for Unsupervised Learning (2022)

ClusterValidityIndices.jl is a Julia package for evaluating the performance of clustering algorithms without the aid of supervised labels. Cluster Validity Indices (CVI) provide a metric of the over-or under-partitioning of an arbitrary clustering algorithm with only the original data and labels assigned by the clustering algorithm. Furthermore, there exist formulations of every CVI such that they may run incrementally (i.e. Incremental CVIs, or ICVI), streaming alongside the clustering algorithm and producing the same results as in their batch implementations. Using a standard interface, each CVI in this package can be run with any clustering algorithm to produce a metric of that algorithm's performance in scenarios where explicit supervised labels do not exist, which is extremely useful in real-world applications where that is often the case.
Addition of Maraviroc Versus Placebo to Standard Antiretroviral Therapy for Initial Treatment of Advanced HIV Infection (2020)

This randomized trial evaluates whether there is a benefit of adding maraviroc, an antiretroviral drug with immunologic effects, to standard combined antiretroviral therapy for patients with advanc...
Dendrímeros funcionalizados con metales de transición en la superficie (2002)

Se han sintetizado dendrimeros de tipo carbosilano de 1a, 2a y 3a generacion con grupos terminales metilendifenilfosfina. Posteriormente, estos compuestos se han funcionalizado con clusters de metales de transicion (oro y hierro o molibdeno o manganeso). Tambien se han funcionalizado con compuestos de paladio o platino. Los metalodendrimeros de paladio han sido utilizados en el proceso catalitico de hidrovinilacion de estireno. Paralelamente, ha sido posible la funcionalizacion de dendrimeros de fosforo desde la tercer hasta la sexta generacion con clusters de hierro y oro en la periferia de estos compuestos. Cabe destacar que los dendrimeros sintetizados en esta tesis son los primeros dendrimeros con funciones terminales de tipo cluster descritos en la bibliografia. Por otra parte, destacamos que se ha conseguido obtener un dendrimero que contiene 192 unidades cluster terminales, lo que implica 576 atomos metalicos y que presenta propiedades claramente moleculares como solubilidad en disolventes organicos.
A Model of Agenda Influence on Committee Decisions (1978)

Within a range of circumstances it appears&#13;\nto be possible to control a group's&#13;\ndecision by controlling only the agenda.&#13;\nThe boundaries of the range over which the&#13;\nagenda is such an overwhelmingly important&#13;\nparameter are not yet known, and the&#13;\nexact principles upon which the influence&#13;\nrests have not been identified. However, the&#13;\nresearch results reported below provide a&#13;\nfirst step in answering these questions.&#13;\n&#13;\nOur approach to this problem originated&#13;\nin both practical and theoretical considerations.&#13;\nAs a practical matter, we were involved&#13;\nin an important and complex committee&#13;\ndecision. A large flying club in which&#13;\nwe held membership was meeting to vote&#13;\nupon the size and composition of the aircraft&#13;\nfleet which would be available to the&#13;\nmembership for flying. As members we had&#13;\npreferences about the fleet available to us&#13;\nand an opportunity to shape the agenda.&#13;\nPreliminary discussions and meetings had&#13;\nnarrowed the range of possibilities greatly&#13;\nfrom hundreds of thousands of competing&#13;\nalternatives to a few hundred. Over these&#13;\nremaining possibilities, however, there were&#13;\nconflicting and strongly held opinions. The&#13;\ngroup was to meet once and decide the issue&#13;\nby majority vote.
The 5??? and 3??? extremities of the satellite tobacco necrosis virus translational enhancer domain contribute differentially to stimulation of translation (2002)

The translational enhancer domain (TED) of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) RNA stimulates translation of uncapped RNAs autonomously. Here we set out to identify the 5' and 3' extremities of TED and features of these sequences with respect to translation. We found that both in wheat germ extract and in tobacco protoplasts, the 5' border is confined to 3 nt. Mutational analysis revealed that the autonomous function of TED is sensitive to 5' flanking sequences. At the 3' end of TED, 23 nt have a cumulative, quantitative effect on translation in wheat germ extract, whereas in tobacco protoplasts, the most 3' 14 nt of these 23 nt do not enhance translation. The 5' and 3' sequence requirements triggered the development of a new secondary structure model. In this model, TED folds into a phylogenetically conserved stem-loop structure in which the essential 5' nucleotides base-pair with the 3' nucleotides that stimulate translation both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the 14 3' nucleotides in TED that stimulate translation in the wheat germ extract only do not require the predicted base-pairing in order to function. The discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo sequence requirements thus correlates with potential base-pairing requirements, opening the possibility that TED contains two functional domains.
Critical problems in very-large-scale computer systems. Semiannual technical report, 1 April-30 September 1988 (1988)

The research vehicle for this contract is the largest possible computer that could be conceived for the mid to late 1990s. The technical challenges of such a machine serve as the guiding stimulus for the research carried out and reported here. This machine is forecast to occupy a 14-story building, to cost upwards of $1,000,000,000, and to be so colossal that the nation can only afford one or two of them. The available chip technology and machine size are consistent with a million FLOPS and a million billion bytes of memory. It will dissipate 50 megawatts of power using CMOS technology. Communication across the machine will be much slower than computation at a node. The architecture, software, interconnect technology, packaging, and operating system are unknown. This investigation deals with hardware technology, software techniques, programming algorithms, communications, processing elements, and applications. This research will determine the plausibility (not feasibility) of such a machine. Progress in these various areas are highlighted in the individual sections below.
Natural Polymer-Based Compositions Designed for Use in Conformance Gel Systems (2005)

Summary This article describes a crosslinking material derived from natural sources that can be used with a variety of polymers over a broad temperature range to produce gels for conformance applications. Delayed crosslinked polymer systems have been used for many years in conformance applications. For the past decade, the most widely used system has been based on chromium (+3) crosslinked polyacrylamide. Organic crosslinkers, such as phenol/formaldehyde and polyethyleneimine (PEI), have also been used with a variety of polymers. However, these systems are being scrutinized by regulatory agencies and have now been scheduled for phase-out in some countries. Because of these issues, a single, environmentally friendly crosslinker that could be used with a variety of polymers over a broad temperature range was selected for study. This article details the laboratory development of an environmentally friendly, natural polyamine crosslinker system, namely chitosan. This crosslinker can be used with a variety of polymers, such as polyacrylamide, AMPS/acrylamide (AMPS/AA), or alkylacrylate polymers. Gels ranging from stiff and "ringing" type to "lipping" have been obtained. Additionally, this article summarizes results from recent efforts targeted toward designing chitosan-basedgel compositions with improved environmental rating for potential field use. These efforts included using chitosan as the base polymer in combination with asynthetic polymeric crosslinker, as well as developing gels derived completelyfrom natural polymers.
Toward vaccines against cervical cancer. (2004)

Cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions of the genital tract are a major threat to the health of women worldwide. Introduction of screening tests to detect cervical cancer precursor lesions has reduced cervical cancer rates in the developed world, but not in developing countries. Approximately 80% of the 470,000 cervical cancer cases diagnosed worldwide each year occur in developing countries. Despite advances in treatment of cervical cancer, about half of the women with the disease will die. Over the last 20 years, several lines of scientific investigation have identified oncogenic human papillomaviruses as etiological agents for cervical cancer, and have led to the development of prophylactic vaccines against this disease.
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of gem‐Difluoroallenes Through Magnesium Organocuprate SN2′ Substitution. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tantalum Nitride Atomic Layer Deposition Using (tert-Butylimido)tris(diethylamido)tantalum and Hydrazine (2008)

Tantalum nitride atomic layer deposition (ALD) was performed using sequential exposures of (tert-butylimido)tris(diethylamido) tantalum (TBTDET) and either hydrazine or ammonia . X-ray reflectivity studies demonstrated that hydrazine consistently yielded films with larger growth rates and higher densities than the films grown using ammonia. The ALD growth rate of using hydrazine was higher than the growth rate obtained using ammonia over the temperature range from . Quartz crystal microbalance measurements were also used to confirm the ALD growth rates and to verify the self-limiting behavior of each reactant. Hydrazine yielded a density of at that was significantly greater than the highest density of obtained at with ammonia. In situ resistivity measurements on the ALD films grown using hydrazine at obtained resistivities of at and after annealing to . The surface species and reaction products during the sequential exposures of TBTDET and hydrazine at were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry. These studies allowed a growth mechanism to be proposed for ALD using TBTDET and hydrazine.
Design and synthesis of triazole-based peptidomimetics of a PSD-95 PDZ domain inhibitor (2016)

A novel PSD-95 PDZ2 peptidomimetic has been discovered by designing azide and alkyne amino acid analogues and click chemistry.
Excess Lipin enzyme activity contributes to TOR1A recessive disease and DYT-TOR1A dystonia (2020)

TOR1A/TorsinA mutations cause two incurable diseases: a recessive congenital syndrome that can be lethal, and a dominantly inherited childhood-onset dystonia (DYT-TOR1A). TorsinA has been linked to phosphatidic acid lipid metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. Here we evaluate the role of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) enzymes in TOR1A diseases using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from patients, and mouse models of recessive Tor1a disease. We find that Lipin PAP enzyme activity is abnormally elevated in human DYT-TOR1A dystonia patient cells and in the brains of four different Tor1a mouse models. Its severity also correlated with the dosage of Tor1a/TOR1A mutation. We assessed the role of excess Lipin activity in the neurological dysfunction of Tor1a disease mouse models by interbreeding these with Lpin1 knock-out mice. Genetic reduction of Lpin1 improved the survival of recessive Tor1a disease-model mice, alongside suppressing neurodegeneration, motor dysfunction, and nuclear membrane pathology. These data establish that TOR1A disease mutations cause abnormal phosphatidic acid metabolism, and suggest that approaches that suppress Lipin PAP enzyme activity could be therapeutically useful for TOR1A diseases.
Dependence of Leidenfrost droplets behavior on the solvent species (2022)

The Leidenfrost phenomenon is a unique behavior of droplets, in which a liquid, close to a surface with hotter temperature than the liquid's boiling point, produces an insulating vapor layer that makes the droplets hover over the surface, rather than making physical contact with it. This non-contact state between the droplet and hot surface leads to the decrease in heat transfer and the increase in evaporation time. Due to its characteristics, this Leidenfrost phenomenon has been involved in various industrial technologies, such as liquid cooling methods, precision machinery and semiconductor fabrication. In this study, we conducted the basic research using different solvents for innovating an industrial technology by controlling the behavior of droplet in the Leidenfrost state. As a result, we found that the behavior of the mixed solvents exhibit different compared with that of each solvents, and the droplet behavior can be controlled by adjusting the mixing ratio of the solvents. In the future, it is necessary to investigate the behavior on the diffrent surface state and to observe the Leidenfrost phenomenon in the smaller droplets.