gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for heavy resonances decaying into WW in the $$e\nu \mu \nu $$ e ν μ ν final state in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ s = 13 $$\,\text {TeV}$$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A search for neutral heavy resonances is performed in the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> decay channel using <i>pp</i> collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>36.1</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:msup><mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of such heavy resonances is found. In the search for production via the quark-antiquark annihilation or gluon-gluon fusion process, upper limits on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:msub> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> as a function of the resonance mass are obtained in the mass range between 200 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> and up to 5 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> for various benchmark models: a Higgs-like scalar in different width scenarios, a two-Higgs-doublet model, a heavy vector triplet model, and a warped extra dimensions model. In the vector-boson fusion process, constraints are also obtained on these resonances, as well as on a Higgs boson in the Georgi-Machacek model and a heavy tensor particle coupling only to gauge bosons.
Frontal Keyhole Craniotomy for Resection of Low- and High-Grade Gliomas (2017)

We provide our experience in using keyhole craniotomies for resecting frontal gliomas. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of using minimally invasive techniques to safely and aggressively treat these tumors.
Antibiotic Resistance and Survival in the Host (2000)

The alarming increase in the number of multidrug-resistant microorganisms isolated in both clinical and nonclinical settings over the past decade parallels the rise in antibiotic use and exemplifies these adaptive abilities. Current antibiotic drugs target a variety of cellular processes and result in cell stasis or death through inhibition of protein, RNA or DNA synthesis, disruption of permeability barriers, or inhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Many drugs passively diffuse across the cytoplasmic membranes of both gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Bacteria possess certain intrinsic properties that provide natural resistance to some classes of antibiotics. Modifying or hydrolytic enzymes provide bacteria with a method of neutralizing certain drugs that have gained access to the cell. The nature of modern medicine dictates that, at some point, all pathogenic bacteria will encounter antimicrobials; thus, resistance will inevitably arise (possibly based on host-defense evasion mechanisms). Decreased exotoxin production may also contribute to the ability of these variants to evade host defenses and to their increased resistance to antibiotics in vivo. Biofilms are inherently resistant to both antibiotics and host defenses. Production of mature biofilms involves a complex regulatory pathway. Two-component regulatory systems provide bacteria with a way to integrate regulation of expression of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance into their general stress response pathways.
An interim analysis of a phase II study using an epigenetic biomarker (CHFR methylation status) to personalize chemotherapy in patients with operable esophageal cancer. (2014)

76 Background: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy using a platinum plus either a taxane or 5FU results in a pathological complete response rate (pCR) of approximately 25% to 30% in patients with operable esophageal cancer. A predictive biomarker to personalize chemotherapy in an effort to increase pCR would be a significant advance. Checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains (CHFR) is an E3 ligase which plays a role in response to mitotic stress. In our retrospective data, hypermethylation and silencing of CHFR, correlates with improved response and prolonged survival following therapy with taxanes. The primary endpoint of this study is to determine if there is a higher pCR rate when CHFR methylation status (MS) is used to decide if patients receive a taxane or 5FU. Methods: All patients presenting to Johns Hopkins with operable T2-T4/N0-N3 esophageal cancer are eligibile. A methylation-specific PCR which demonstrates CHFR MS has been developed by our lab. Methylated (M) patients receive weekly cisplatin (30mg/m 2 )/paclitaxel (50mg/m 2 ) and unmethylated (U) patients receive previously described regimens of folfox or cisplatin/5FU. All patients receive concurrent radiation. Results: From July 2011 to September 2013, 35 patients have been assessed, 18 U (51%), 14 M (40%) and 3 unknown (9%). Twenty-four patients (22 males and 2 females) have been treated on study (age 48 – 74 years old, median 63.8) with 14 tumors U (58%) and 10 tumors M (42%) respectively. To date, 2/13 U patients (15%) have had a pCR and 3/8 M patients (38%) have had a pCR (p=0.32). Toxicities of each regimen are consistent with previous reports. Conclusions: Trimodality therapy is standard of care for operable esophageal cancer in the United States. Different chemotherapies have been combined with radiation prior to surgery to improve pCR rates but no biomarkers to personalize chemotherapy exist at present. Epigenetic biomarkers such as CHFR MS potentially may be used to decide which patients are more sensitive to taxane based regimens. Accrual to this study is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01372202.
Smart Nanozymes for Cancer Therapy: The Next Frontier in Oncology (2023)

Nanomaterials that mimic the catalytic activity of natural enzymes in the complex biological environment of the human body are called nanozymes. Recently, nanozyme systems have been reported with diagnostic, imaging, and/or therapeutic capabilities. Smart nanozymes strategically exploit the tumor microenvironment (TME) by the in situ generation of reactive species or by the modulation of the TME itself to result in effective cancer therapy. This topical review focuses on such smart nanozymes for cancer diagnosis, and therapy modalities with enhanced therapeutic effects. The dominant factors that guide the rational design and synthesis of nanozymes for cancer therapy include an understanding of the dynamic TME, structure-activity relationships, surface chemistry for imparting selectivity, and site-specific therapy, and stimulus-responsive modulation of nanozyme activity. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the subject including the diverse catalytic mechanisms of different types of nanozyme systems, an overview of the TME, cancer diagnosis, and synergistic cancer therapies. The strategic application of nanozymes in cancer treatment can well be a game changer in future oncology. Moreover, recent developments may pave the way for the deployment of nanozyme therapy into other complex healthcare challenges, such as genetic diseases, immune disorders, and ageing.
RARE EARTH-DOPED GALLIUM NITRIDE FLAT PANEL DISPLAY DEVICES (2003)

Rare earth (RE) doping of GaN has led to a new full color phosphor system for electroluminescent (EL) flat panel displays.GaN films doped with ~1 at.% Eu, Er, and Tm dopants emit pure red, green, and blue emission colors, respectively.As a host for RE luminescent centers, GaN possesses many properties which are ideal for bright full color EL.Specifically, GaN has excellent high field transport characteristics, is chemically and thermally rugged, and incorporates well the RE dopants.With preliminary optimization of GaN:RE phosphors and proper design of EL device structure, GaN:RE phosphors have been advanced in luminous efficiency by two orders of magnitude, to nearly within an order of magnitude of commercially required display efficiencies (~1 lm/W).GaN:RE phosphors have been operated in direct current and alternating current thin film electroluminescent device structures.Alternating current GaN:RE EL devices require GaN deposition on amorphous dielectric layers which prevent catastrophic breakdown of the EL display devices at high operating voltage.Alternating current GaN:RE EL devices have been shown compatible with commercial display fabrication techniques, such as formation on low-cost transparent glass substrates.GaN:RE phosphors have also been implemented in a thin/thick film/ceramic substrate hybrid structure which is promising for high yield, large area (>17" diagonal), full color displays which can be manufactured at less than half the cost of plasma displays.Using some of the specific advantages of GaN:RE phosphors, such as high temperature stability, GaN:RE thin film phosphors have been integrated with a novel display technique which advantageously combines utilization of standard flat panel display glass substrates and high-yield screen printing of a high permittivity thick film dielectric layer.Operation lifetimes exceeding 1000 hrs at >95% initial brightness have been achieved.This novel display structure has also been advanced to very high contrast device operation.
Post-oxidized Mg-Al-O(001) coherent tunneling barrier in a wide range of resistance-area products (2014)

We fabricated epitaxial Mg-Al-O(001) tunnel barriers using direct/indirect plasma oxidation and natural oxidation of an MgAl layer for use in Fe/Mg-Al-O/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions. All the oxidation processes formed epitaxial Mg-Al-O barriers, and a wide resistance area (RA) product range (101–106 Ω·μm2) and large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios (185%–212%) at room temperature were achieved by optimizing the MgAl thickness (tMgAl). Near optimum oxidation conditions and tMgAl, small bias voltage dependence of the TMR ratio, and distinct local minima in the dI/dV spectra for the parallel magnetic configuration were observed, indicating that coherent tunneling transport was significant. This study showed that Mg-Al-O coherent tunnel barriers have excellent formability in a wide RA product range.
Terahertz optical-Hall effect characterization of two-dimensional electron gas properties in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures (2011)

The free-charge carrier mobility, sheet density, and effective mass of a two-dimensional electron gas are exemplarily determined in the spectral range from 640 GHz to 1 THz in a AlGaN/GaN heterostructure using the optical-Hall effect at room temperature. Complementary midinfrared spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements are performed for analysis of heterostructure constituents layer thickness, phonon mode, and free-charge carrier parameters. The electron effective mass is determined to be (0.22±0.04)m0. The high-frequency sheet density and carrier mobility parameters are in good agreement with results from dc electrical Hall effect measurements, indicative for frequency-independent carrier scattering mechanisms of the two-dimensional carrier distribution.
MicroRNA Dysregulations in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Pathophysiological and Clinical Perspectives (2012)

dictate colorectal cancer risk. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and the intestinal type of gastric cancer usually follows stepwise progression with recognizable pre-neoplastic changes (i.e., adenoma and intestinal metaplasia for colorectal and gastric cancers, respectively). Therefore, screening and early diagnosis remain the preferred options to ease the disease burden. Surgical resection is the mainstay treatment for gastrointestinal cancers. Other treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy and novel targeted therapy, have also been devised for the management of gastrointestinal cancers. Nevertheless, the prognosis for advanced stage patients with metastatic lesions is still very poor. Therefore, a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers and thus the development of next-generation targeted cancer therapeutics are needed.
Dual frequency imaging and therapeutic transducer using an acoustic band-pass filter for application to endoscopic surgery (2011)

A HIFU and imaging hybrid transducer with stacking structure for endoscopic application was described. In our previous study, a bi-laminar transducer involved an imaging and a therapeutic array transducers and a polymer layer working as an acoustic band-pass filter (ABPF) between both transducers was developed <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</sup> . Because the ABPF passes through the lower frequency therapeutic beam and reflects the higher frequency imaging beam, the imaging array was isolated from the therapeutic transducer. Because this prototype transducer was designed to realize ultrasound clot solution, therapeutic output was lower than that of HIFU. In this study, frequency and power optimizations are required. Based on simulation optimization, a prototype transducer consisting of a spherical HIFU transducer and a concave imaging array stacking on the HIFU transducer was fabricated. The fractional bandwidth at -20 dB of imaging pulses was 100%. The transmittance of the HIFU beam through the imaging array was 0.6. The measured bandwidth of the imaging pulse is sufficient to obtain a high resolution US image. An estimated peak intensity of HIFU beam transmitted from the prototype structure was 60% higher than that of the conventional HIFU transducer with a center hole to mount the imaging array, whose outer diameter of aperture is the same as that of the prototype structure.
Tension‐Induced Raman Enhancement of Graphene Membranes in the Stretched State (2018)

The intensity ratio of the 2D band to the G band, I<sub>2D</sub> /I<sub>G</sub> , is a good criterion in selecting high quality monolayer graphene samples; however, the evaluation of the ultimate value of I<sub>2D</sub> /I<sub>G</sub> for intrinsic monolayer graphene is a challenging yet interesting issue. Here, an interesting tension-induced Raman enhancement phenomenon is reported in supported graphene membranes, which show a transition from the corrugated state to the stretched state in the vicinity of wells. The I<sub>2D</sub> /I<sub>G</sub> of substrate-supported graphene membranes near wells are significantly enhanced up to 16.74, which is the highest experimental value to the best of knowledge, increasing by more than 600% when the testing points approach the well edges.The macroscopic origin of this phenomenon is that corrugated graphene membranes are stretched by built-in tensions. A lattice dynamic model is proposed to successfully reveal the microscopic mechanism of this phenomenon. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental data, demonstrating that tensile stresses can depress the amplitude of in-plane vibration of sp<sup>2</sup> -bonded carbon atoms and result in the decrease in the G band intensity. This work can be helpful in furthering the development of the method of suppressing small ripples in graphene and acquiring ultraflat 2D materials.
Reversibly crosslinked temperature-responsive nano-sized polymersomes: synthesis and triggered drug release (2009)

Water-soluble temperature responsive triblock copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PEO-PAA-PNIPAM), were prepared in one pot by sequential reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a PEO–trithiocarbonate (PEO–S-1-dodecyl-S-(R,R-dimethyl-R-aceticacid) trithiocarbonate) as a macro chain transfer agent. The block copolymers with MnPEO of 5 kDa, MnPAA of 0.35–1.45 kDa, and MnPNIPAM varying from 11–39 kDa were freely soluble in water as unimers at room temperature, but quickly self-assembled into nano-sized vesicles (about 220 nm) when raising the solution temperature to 37 °C. The vesicular structure was confirmed by confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) and static light scattering (SLS) measurements. The size and size distribution of the polymersomes depended on the solution concentration, the molecular weight of PNIPAM, the equilibrium time and shaking. Interestingly, thus-formed vesicles could be readily cross-linked at the interface using cystamineviacarbodiimide chemistry. The crosslinked polymersomes, while showing remarkable stability against dilution, organic solvent, high salt conditions and change of temperature in water, were otherwise rapidly dissociated under reductive conditions mimicking intracellular environment. Notably, FITC–dextran, used as a model protein, was shown to be encapsulated into the polymersomes with an unprecedently high loading efficiency (>85 wt%). The release studies showed that most FITC–dextran was retained within the polymersomes after lowering the temperature to 25 °C. However, in the presence of 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), fast release of FITC–dextran was achieved. These reversibly crosslinked temperature responsive nano-sized polymersomes are highly promising as smart carriers for triggered intracellular delivery of biopharmaceutics such as pDNA, siRNA, pharmaceutical proteins and peptides.
Application of copper–gold alloys in catalysis: current status and future perspectives (2009)

The use of nanoalloys in catalysis is a rapidly expanding field. There has been immense interest in the use of supported gold nanoparticles as catalysts, and bimetallic catalysts containing gold in combination with other metals represents an emerging field of research. While bulk copper–gold alloys are well-known and, indeed, are much studied systems, bimetallic copper–gold nanoalloys have received relatively little attention. In this tutorial review we review the literature on bimetallic CuAu catalysts and present some options for their future development.
Redox‐Triggered Release of Moxifloxacin from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with Disulfide Snap‐Tops Enhances Efficacy Against Pneumonic Tularemia in Mice (2016)

Effective and rapid treatment of tularemia is needed to reduce morbidity and mortality of this potentially fatal infectious disease. The etiologic agent, Francisella tularensis, is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen which infects and multiplies to high numbers in macrophages. Nanotherapeutics are particularly promising for treatment of infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens, whose primary host cells are macrophages, because nanoparticles preferentially target and are avidly internalized by macrophages. A mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) has been developed functionalized with disulfide snap-tops that has high drug loading and selectively releases drug intracellularly in response to the redox potential. These nanoparticles, when loaded with Hoechst fluorescent dye, release their cargo exclusively intracellularly and stain the nuclei of macrophages. The MSNs loaded with moxifloxacin kill F. tularensis in macrophages in a dose-dependent fashion. In a mouse model of lethal pneumonic tularemia, MSNs loaded with moxifloxacin prevent weight loss, illness, and death, markedly reduce the burden of F. tularensis in the lung, liver, and spleen, and are significantly more efficacious than an equivalent amount of free drug. An important proof-of-principle for the potential therapeutic use of a novel nanoparticle drug delivery platform for the treatment of infectious diseases is provided.
Temporospatial shifts within commercial laboratory mouse gut microbiota impact experimental reproducibility (2020)

These changes in gut bacteria may have impacted the experimental reproducibility of diverse research groups and highlight the need for both laboratory animal providers and researchers to collaborate in determining the methods and criteria needed to stabilize the gut microbiota of animal breeding colonies and research cohorts, and to develop a microbiota solution to increase experimental rigor and reproducibility.
Directly patternable benzocyclobutene and methacrylate silsesquioxanes for microelectronics packaging (2015)

Progress on two design approaches to patternable, low k dielectrics is described. These formulations are both print in negative tone and are based on polyhedral silsesquioxanes bearing benzocyclobutene moieties. The patternability was demonstrated and both materials have dielectric constants between 2.00–2.22 at optical frequencies. Coefficients of thermal expansion in the plane were found to be 6.0–13 ppm/K, and the materials have reduced moduli between 4–4.6 GPa.
Computational analysis of the electrostatic environment and flashover performance of a suspension linkstick for live-line work on high voltage power lines (2018)

What are the root causes of recent live-line tool flashovers at electric field gradients of less than 100 kV/m when tools are supposed to withstand three times that stress? Computer simulations of electrical discharges from the head of the tool connected to the energized conductor suggest a role of highspeed surface partial discharges in initiating the flashover process.
Dual-polarized indoor propagation at 26 GHz (2016)

This work presents results based on wideband radio channel measurements at 26 GHz. Three widely different indoor environments were measured; a cluttered laboratory, a corridor with a bend, and a large entrance hall. Power angular spectra were obtained for both vertical polarization (VP) and horizontal polarization (HP) at many different Rx locations, using both VP or HP for the fixed Tx. The results show that a quite rich channel may exist with several propagation paths. Further, coupling between the VP and HP was found in a non line of sight (NLOS) scenario.
Minimal Residual Disease Dynamics after Venetoclax-Obinutuzumab Treatment: Extended Off-Treatment Follow-up From the Randomized CLL14 Study (2021)

Appearance of MRD after Ven-Obi is significantly slower than that after Clb-Obi with more effective MRD reduction. These findings translate into a superior long-term efficacy with the majority of Ven-Obi-treated patients remaining in remission.
Ligand‐Accelerated Iron‐ and Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions between N‐Heteroaryl Halides and Aryl Magnesium Reagents (2013)

Quinoline and isoquinoline dramatically increase the rate and yield of Fe- and Co-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. This new catalytic process extends the scope of such cross-coupling reactions to include complex functional groups and allows heteroaryl–heteroaryl bond formation to occur.
Omega-3 Free Fatty Acids for the Maintenance of Remission in Crohn Disease (2008)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: EPIC-1: NCT00613197, EPIC-2: NCT00074542.
Raman Laser in a Lithium-Niobate Microresonator (2019)

We demonstrate a multiwavelength Raman laser in a monolithic lithium-niobate microresonator. The first Raman oscillation is observed at a continuous-wave pump threshold power of 20 mW with a differential quantum efficiency of> 45%. © 2019 The Author(s)