gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods for elevating fat/oil content in plants (2023)

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of elevating lipid content in vegetative (non-seed) plant or algae cells, plant tissues, or whole plants by genetically modifying the plant or algae to express a lipid droplet-associated protein or polypeptide (such as fat-specific protein 27) of mammalian origin. Also provided are genetically-modified plant or algae cells, plant tissues, or whole plants with elevated cellular lipid content, expressing a lipid droplet-associated protein or polypeptide (such as fat-specific protein 27) of mammalian (e.g. human) origin.
Single 5-V, 64K RAM with scaled-down MOS structure (1980)

A single 5-V, 64K RAM was designed and fabricated using double poly-Si and 3-µm process technologies. The design features of this dynamic RAM are described. In particular, memory-cell layout and the on-chip bias generator are designed to realize a marginal single 5-V RAM. The fabricated device provides a typical access time of 120 ns and an operating power of 170 mW. Extensive measurements of the 64K RAM and studies of scaled devices are presented. In line with these studies, scaling of RAM performances is discussed in terms of a scaled-down process and power-supply voltage.
The melanization road more traveled by: Precursor substrate effects on melanin synthesis in cell-free and fungal cell systems (2018)

Natural brown-black eumelanin pigments confer structural coloration in animals and potently block ionizing radiation and antifungal drugs. These functions also make them attractive for bioinspired materials design, including coating materials for drug-delivery vehicles, strengthening agents for adhesive hydrogel materials, and free-radical scavengers for soil remediation. Nonetheless, the molecular determinants of the melanin "developmental road traveled" and the resulting architectural features have remained uncertain because of the insoluble, heterogeneous, and amorphous characteristics of these complex polymeric assemblies. Here, we used 2D solid-state NMR, EPR, and dynamic nuclear polarization spectroscopic techniques, assisted in some instances by the use of isotopically enriched precursors, to address several open questions regarding the molecular structures and associated functions of eumelanin. Our findings uncovered: 1) that the identity of the available catecholamine precursor alters the structure of melanin pigments produced either in <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> fungal cells or under cell-free conditions; 2) that the identity of the available precursor alters the scaffold organization and membrane lipid content of melanized fungal cells; 3) that the fungal cells are melanized preferentially by an l-DOPA precursor; and 4) that the macromolecular carbon- and nitrogen-based architecture of cell-free and fungal eumelanins includes indole, pyrrole, indolequinone, and open-chain building blocks that develop depending on reaction time. In conclusion, the availability of catecholamine precursors plays an important role in eumelanin development by affecting the efficacy of pigment formation, the melanin molecular structure, and its underlying scaffold in fungal systems.
Pedicle Periosteum as a Barrier for Guided Bone Regeneration in the Rabbit Frontal Bone (2019)

This study demonstrated that the pedicle periosteum possesses regenerative effects equivalent to those of occlusive membrane. The periosteum contributes to new bone formation by acting as a mechanical barrier and a source of osteogenic components.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reactions of Samarium(II) Iodide. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of a Testing Mechanism for Stent Failure Rates and Displacement Under Extreme Bending Conditions (2009)

Stents are commonly associated with the mechanical support of the coronary arteries to improve blood flow and retain residual plaque following various angioplasty procedures. However, they are becoming more frequently used in other vessels in the human body, such as the carotid and femoral arteries. The femoral arteries transverse through the hip region, and are the sites of potential plaque build-up. Thus the design of a stent for the specific biomechanical stresses and conditions of this location is of growing interest. The effectiveness of stent designs are quantified by their ability to survive in the human body without failing mechanically, dislocating, or invoking a major inflammatory response. Common methods of failure are mechanical, including fractures and dislocations. Several different instruments are commercially available for the testing of stents under various stresses and application frequency. However, these machines generally test with small bending angles or they apply nonphysiological axial, radial and torsional loads; thus they are not idealized for motions to mimic accurate biomechanical motion. Specifically, for the design of a stent localized in the hip region, a test for significant bending cases is necessary. The placement of stress on a mock artery should be applied solely to the ends of a mock artery to remove any radial or axial stresses not caused directly from the bending motion. Furthermore, visualization of the stent inside the mock artery is desired for tracking displacement of the stent and cycle count until failure. The ability to quantify the mechanical failure and dislocation of stent designs under extreme bending conditions is a prerequisite to the optimization of physical stent designs and of stent spacing, orientation and placement. We compare a proprietary stent-like design (Innovasc Inc., Honolulu, HI) placed at fixed intervals versus a commercially available SMART stent (Cordis Corporation, Warren, NJ). Both designs are intended to retain the arterial plaque while minimizing the stress applied to the artery wall to prevent restenosis. The new stent prototype designs are uniquely configured to enable points of stress reduction along the length of interest. Early preliminary experiments with the Innovasc design show promising results in the reduction of restenosis in porcine models. Stent designs are tested in mock arteries of latex and silicone. The mock arteries are selected for internal diameters and thicknesses to match artery properties. Two symmetric cylinders holsters are allowed to rotate freely and are affixed to the ends of the mock arteries. A simple linkage system drives the two cylinders together and apart, allowing for the mock arteries to bend at a fixed angle of 120 degrees at frequencies (∼10–20 Hz) without external stresses for one million cycles. Images are captured using a X-Stream Vision High-Speed CMOS camera (Integrated Design Tools, Tallahassee, FL) via a trigger system. Failure points and dislocations are noted and measured using the NIH ImageJ imaging software.
Extremely High Heat Fluxes Beneath Impinging Liquid Jets (1993)

Technical Briefs Extremely High Heat Fluxes Beneath Impinging Liquid Jets X. Liu, X. Liu W. M. Rohsenow Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. H. Lienhard, V J. H. Lienhard, V W. M. Rohsenow Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information X. Liu W. M. Rohsenow Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 J. H. Lienhard, V W. M. Rohsenow Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 J. Heat Transfer. May 1993, 115(2): 472-476 (5 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2910703 Published Online: May 1, 1993 Article history Received: July 1, 1992 Revised: December 1, 1992 Online: May 23, 2008
Additive manufacturing of a precious bulk metallic glass (2021)

For the first time, a high-density amorphous and crack-free bulk metallic glass (BMG) based on a precious metal (PdCuNiP) was produced via additive manufacturing (AM). Laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) was used for the fabrication of the samples, and led to a density of 99.6%. Excellent mechanical properties such as high hardness and compressive strength were achieved, overcoming the limitations usually found for precious metals in jewelry and watchmaking. Furthermore, without any post-processing, a mirror-like smooth and brilliant surface was directly obtained, which is highly beneficial for applications where surface finish or aesthetics matters. The effect of the main processing parameters, such as laser power and laser-scanning speed, on the shape of single tracks was investigated by laser confocal microscopy (LCM). Following the single-track experiments, highly amorphous LPBF samples were produced. The samples were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), conventional and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), compression tests, and microhardness. The crystallization kinetics of the powder alloy was investigated via fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC). A small quantity of the powder (< 70 g) was used for the fabrication of samples, alleviating the cost of the process. Efficient production of precious metal parts with enhanced mechanical properties is demonstrated.
The delay-friendliness of TCP (2008)

TCP has traditionally been considered unfriendly for real-time applications. Nonetheless, popular applications such as Skype use TCP since UDP packets cannot pass through many NATs and firewalls. Motivated by this observation, we study the delay performance of TCP for real-time media flows. We develop an analytical performance model for the delay of TCP. We use extensive experiments to validate the model and to evaluate the impact of various TCP mechanisms on its delay performance. Based on our results, we derive the working region for VoIP and live video streaming applications and provide guidelines for delay-friendly TCP settings. Our research indicates that simple application-level schemes, such as packet splitting and parallel connections, can reduce the delay of real-time TCP flows by as much as 30% and 90%, respectively.
OR06-01 The Role of Germline Defects in Cushing’s Disease (2020)

Abstract J.L.M. and C.A.S. contributed equally. Introduction: Cushing’s Disease (CD) has been described as a component of a number of familial genetic syndromes. Yet, such cases may go largely unrecognized due to phenotypic variability, incomplete penetrance, and the rarity of the disease. We determined the frequency and type of germline genetic causes of CD and characterized their clinical phenotype in a large cohort of CD patients. Methods: We studied 245 unrelated CD patients (139 females, 60.4%), referred to our Center between 1997–2018, including 230 pediatric (≤18 years at disease onset, 93.9%) and 15 adult patients (6.1%). Germline genetic causes were identified by whole exome sequencing in 184 patients and by Sanger sequencing of specific genes in 39 patients; 22 patients did not undergo genetic testing, due to low quality or insufficient DNA. When available (n=66), corticotropinoma DNA was screened for USP8 hotspot variants using Sanger sequencing. Results: Eighteen patients (7.3%) had positive family history: nine presented as FIPA with unknown genetic cause, eight presented as MEN1 (seven had confirmed MEN1 variants), and one had a family history of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and pituitary adenoma with unknown genetic cause. Among the 227 sporadic patients (92.7%), 13 (5.7%) simplex cases had putative pathogenic variants in the following genes: CDKN1B (n=5), CABLES1 (n=3), AIP (n=1), PRKAR1A (n=1),TP53 (n=1),TSC2 (n=1), and USP8 (n=1). Altogether, cases with potentially inheritable genetic causes(familial and simplex) accounted for 12.7% (31/245) of all patients. There were no statistically significant differences in age at disease onset, age at diagnosis or tumor diameter between patients with potentially inheritable genetic defects and the rest of the cohort. In the pediatric subset, however, there was a non-significant higher frequency of macroadenomas among familial and simplex patients (21.4%), compared with sporadic patients (12.4%, P=0.19). Somatic USP8 hotspot mutations were found in 33.3% (12/36) of sporadic patients, but only in 3.3% (1/30) of familial and simplex (e.g. patients with a disease-associated germline defect, but no affected relatives) cases (P=0.0038). The global frequency of USP8 defects was 19.7% (13/66). Conclusions: Potentially inheritable cases of CD accounted for one-eighth of the patients in our cohort: 64.5% (20/31) of them are associated with defects in genes with a known involvement in CD. Patients with germline genetic causes of CD might present as apparently sporadic cases, due variability in disease penetrance. Unlike sporadic cases, somatic USP8 hotspot mutations are rare in those with inheritable causes of CD, suggesting different drivers for tumorigenesis in each group. Identifying the genetic causes of CD should lead to a more precise genetic testing and counselling and might aid in developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
PARTIAL EXPRESS ROUTING OF BROADBAND TRANSPORT NETWORK DEMANDS (1997)

There are a number of contexts in transport network design where cost savings arise from providing a dedicated transmission system between two nonadjacent nodes. This occurs when terminating demands at intermediate en-route cross-connecting and grooming nodes costs more than the alternative of providing a dedicated system. Today, &amp;quot;express routes&amp;quot; are justified on a case-bycase basis, usually where large demands flow between major centres or to / from hubbing sites where traffic can be aggregated to warrant an express system. Smaller flows are routed through each flexibility point en-route and remultiplexed with other demands on successive fiber links, to keep the fiber system fill as high as possible. We provide a means to find further express system opportunities through a systematic search for suitable combinations of smaller co-routed demands that, as a group, can economically warrant express treatment over some portion of their routes. These demands need not share common end nodes or hubs; rather, they happen to travel as a group over some sequence of spans on which an express system might be cost-effective. The search problem is to detect and form associations of maximally coherent subgroups of demands that yield the best economic payback through creation of an en-route or &amp;quot;partial&amp;quot; express system. There is no explicit grooming to effect such aggregations and the methods apply without any hubbing site to aggregate traffic. Results show that significant economic benefits can be obtained by post-processing an existing or planned design to search for these partial express system opportunities. 1.
Stereochemical aspects on the secondary insertion of propene monomer into a vanadium‐polymer bond (1985)

Abstract The stereochemistry of syndiotactic‐specific polymerization of propene with some soluble vanadium‐based catalysts was investigated by 1 H NMR analysis of iodine‐bonded polypropylenes. The results of the 1 H NMR analysis of chain‐end groups confirm that the majority of active centers exists as secondary vanadium‐carbon bonds during the chain propagation. The syndiotactic regularity of secondary‐inserted propylene units is not influenced by the sequence length of a growing polymer chain, but dependent upon the kind of aluminium component used as co‐catalyst.
Total Synthesis of Deschlorocallipeltoside A (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTotal Synthesis of Deschlorocallipeltoside ABarry M. Trost and Janet L. GunznerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 38, 9449–9450Publication Date (Web):August 29, 2001Publication History Received11 June 2001Published online29 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja011424bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja011424brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2239Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Lactones,Macrocyclic compounds,Molecular structure,Pharmaceuticals,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Tissue-Derived Biological Particles Restore Cornea Properties in an Enzyme-Mediated Corneal Ectatic Model (2019)

<b>Purpose:</b> To investigate the impact of tissue derived biological particles on enzyme-mediated weakened corneas. <b>Methods:</b> Rabbit corneas were treated with enzymes to create an ex vivo ectatic model that simulated representative characteristics of keratoconus (KC). Porcine cornea, cartilage, and lymph node tissues were processed to remove most cellular components and cryomilled into microparticles. The KC corneas were cultured in medium containing the tissue-derived biological particles (TDP) overnight. The mechanical, thermal, ultrastructural changes, and gene expressions of corneal stromal cells were characterized to evaluate the effects of the TDP treatment. <b>Results:</b> The enzyme treatment significantly reduced corneal mechanics and thermal stability, and also disrupted the extracellular matrix ultrastructure. After culturing with TDP medium, the Young's modulus of the modeled KC corneas increased by ~50%, comparable to normal cornea controls. Similarly, the thermal denaturation temperature of the corneas was restored. These findings also corresponded to a significant increase in collagen fibril density after TDP treatment. Furthermore, corneas cultured in TDP medium significantly downregulated expression of the pro-inflammatory gene Tnfα, and restored the expression of the key keratocyte markers <i>Aldh</i>, <i>keratocan</i>, and <i>biglycan</i>. <b>Conclusions:</b> Tissue-derived biological particles reinforce mechanical and thermal properties of corneal tissue in an ex vivo model of KC. Through this study, we demonstrate and characterize the previously unexplored impact of tissue-derived biological scaffolds on corneal biomechanics, thermal stability, and gene expression, presenting a potential new therapy for ocular disease.
Design and Performance of a 1 ms High-Speed Vision Chip with 3D-Stacked 140 GOPS Column-Parallel PEs † (2018)

We have developed a high-speed vision chip using 3D stacking technology to address the increasing demand for high-speed vision chips in diverse applications. The chip comprises a 1/3.2-inch, 1.27 Mpixel, 500 fps (0.31 Mpixel, 1000 fps, 2 &times; 2 binning) vision chip with 3D-stacked column-parallel Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and 140 Giga Operation per Second (GOPS) programmable Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) column-parallel PEs for new sensing applications. The 3D-stacked structure and column parallel processing architecture achieve high sensitivity, high resolution, and high-accuracy object positioning.
Multipass algorithm for acquisition of salient acoustic morphemes (2001)

We are interested in spoken language understanding within the domain of automated telecommunication services. Our current methodology involves training statistical language models from large annotated corpora for recognition and understanding. Since the transcribing of large speech corpora is a resource consuming task, we are motivated to exploit speech without transcriptions. In particular, we learn the semantic associations for a task exploiting only phone-based sequences from the output of a task-independent ASR-system. In this paper we present a new multipass algorithm for acquiring salient phone sequences from untranscribed speech corpora and evaluate their utility for the HMIHY task. Compared to our previous strategy, this algorithm is shown to produce improved call-classification results while reducing up to 7-fold the number of salient phone-sequences selected for training.
Interactive intervention analysis. (2012)

Disease progression is often complex and seemingly unpredictable. Moreover, patients often respond in dramatically different ways to various treatments, and determining the appropriate intervention for a patient can sometimes be difficult. In this paper, we describe an interactive visualization-based system for intervention analysis and apply it to patients at risk of developing congestive heart failure (CHF). Text analysis techniques are used to extract Framingham criteria data from clinical notes. We then correlate the progression of these criteria with intervention data. A visualization-based user interface is provided to allow interactive exploration. We present an overview of the system and share clinician feedback regarding the prototype implementation.
Musculoskeletal and autoimmune manifestations of HIV, syphilis and tuberculosis (2005)

These observations highlight the complexity and multiplicity of the interactions between the pathogen and host that could result in the development of rheumatic manifestations.
Characterizing Fluorine-Ion Implant Effects on Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors With Pr O (2008)

The fluorine ion implantation applied to the poly- crystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) with high- Pr O as gate dielectric is investigated for the first time. Using the Pr O gate dielectric can obtain a high gate capacitance density and thin equivalent-oxide thickness, exhibiting a greatly enhance- ment in the driving capability of TFT device. Introducing fluorine ions into the poly-Si film by fluorine ion implantation technique can effectively passivate the trap states in the poly-Si film and at the Pr O /poly-Si interface to improve the device electrical properties. The Pr O TFTs fabricated on fluorine-implanted poly-Sifilm exhibit significantly improvedelectricalperformances, including lower threshold voltage, steeper subthreshold swing, higher field-effect mobility, lower off-state leakage current, and higher on/off current ratio, as compared with the control poly-Si Pr O TFTs. Also, the incorporation of fluorine ions also im- proves the reliability of poly-Si Pr O TFTs against hot-carrier stressing, which is attributed to the formation of stronger Si-F bonds. Furthermore, superior threshold-voltage rolloff character- istic is also demonstrated in the fluorine-implanted poly-Si Pr O TFTs. Therefore, the proposed scheme is a promising technology for high-performance and high-reliability solid-phase crystallized poly-Si TFT.