gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethanol and hydrogen production by two thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from Icelandic geothermal areas (2008)

Microbial fermentations are potential producers of sustainable energy carriers. In this study, ethanol and hydrogen production was studied by two thermophilic bacteria (strain AK15 and AK17) isolated from geothermal springs in Iceland. Strain AK15 was affiliated with Clostridium uzonii (98.8%), while AK17 was affiliated with Thermoanaerobacterium aciditolerans (99.2%) based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Both strains fermented a wide variety of sugar residues typically found in lignocellulosic materials, and some polysaccharides. In the batch cultivations, strain AK17 produced ethanol from glucose and xylose fermentations of up to 1.6 mol-EtOH/mol-glucose (80% of the theoretical maximum) and 1.1 mol-EtOH/mol-xylose (66%), respectively. The hydrogen yields by AK17 were up to 1.2 mol-H2/ mol-glucose (30% of the theoretical maximum) and 1.0 mol-H2/mol-xylose (30%). The strain AK15 produced hydrogen as the main fermentation product from glucose (up to 1.9 mol-H2/mol-glucose [48%]) and xylose (1.1 mol-H2/mol-xylose [33%]). The strain AK17 tolerated exogenously added ethanol up to 4% (v/v). The ethanol and hydrogen production performance from glucose by a co-culture of the strains AK15 and AK17 was studied in a continuous-flow bioreactor at 60 degrees C. Stable and continuous ethanol and hydrogen co-production was achieved with ethanol yield of 1.35 mol-EtOH/mol-glucose, and with the hydrogen production rate of 6.1 mmol/h/L (H2 yield of 0.80 mol-H2/mol-glucose). PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that the AK17 became the dominant bacterium in the bioreactor. In conclusion, strain AK17 is a promising strain for the co-production of ethanol and hydrogen with a wide substrate utilization spectrum, relatively high ethanol tolerance, and ethanol yields among the highest reported for thermoanaerobes.
A model for comparing rate adaptation algorithms (2009)

Rate adaptation algorithms are critical to improving the throughput performance of WLANs. While previous studies have examined the performance of different algorithms in some detail using numerous measurements and simulations, there is a lack of a theory that would allow comparison across different channel conditions. This paper is a first step towards developing an abstract model that can allow us to (a) estimate or predict the performance of different algorithms and (b) allow us to make general statements about which algorithms would perform better, under what channel conditions. Our work is empirical in nature and uses three rate algorithms available in the Madwifi driver to examine the problem. We identify two key metrics, the speed of adaptation and the quality of adaptation, that taken together nicely encapsulate an algorithm's performance. We then show how these metrics predict the throughput behavior of the three rate algorithms considered with an accuracy of over 70%. Furthermore, we show that these metrics can be used to make very general statements comparing the behavior of any pair of algorithms over a wide range of channels.
Use of external expiratory resistance in intubated neonates to increase lung volume. (1981)

Ten intubated neonates (weights 0.90 to 2.58 kg) recovering from respiratory disease had lung mechanics, respiratory patterns, and functional residual capacity measured at 0 cmH2O continuous positive airways pressure and then after application of serially increasing levels of external expiratory resistance. At an external expiratory resistance greater than 40 cmH2O/1 per second, there was a significant increase in mean functional residual capacity compared with control levels. Immediately after the application of external expiratory resistance, there was a significant decrease in flow which returned to control values after a few breaths. Tidal volume and respiratory rate decreased for a few breaths after the application of the external expiratory resistance, but returned to control values after several seconds. Study age, gestational age, or study weight had no appreciable effect on the relationship between functional residual capacity and external expiratory resistance. Application of external expiratory resistance may be useful for stabilising lung volume in neonates recovering from respiratory disease.
Inhibition of DHCR24/Seladin‐1 impairs cellular homeostasis in prostate cancer (2010)

Seladin-1 involvement in proliferation and secretion suggests that its downregulation may be a major mechanism causing prostate cancer evolution. Seladin-1 may thus potentially decrease cell growth and steroid dependency in low-grade prostate cancer.
Mass Transport of AlxGa1?xN (2002)

Al x Ga 1-x N having square trenches on its surface showed a different mass transport (MT) property for each AlN molar fraction. We also found that the MT process was interrupted at a certain stage, after which no MT occurred. The volume of the transported region decreased with increasing AlN molar fraction. MT was not observed in Al x Ga 1-x N with x higher than 0.06. The photoluminescence (PL) peak from the transported region measured by micro-PL mapping was 363 nm in all samples, which indicates that the transported region was composed of GaN rather than Al x Ga 1-x N. The root mean square surface roughness of Al x Ga 1-x N after annealing drastically decreased with increasing AlN molar fraction. This is due to the thermal stability of AlN and low diffusibility of Al on the surface. As a result, the terrace region became AlN rich, which caused interruption of MT.
Investigation of Mucoadhesion and Degradation of PCL and PLGA Microcontainers for Oral Drug Delivery (2019)

Microfabricated devices have been introduced as a promising approach to overcome some of the challenges related to oral administration of drugs and, thereby, improve their oral bioavailability. In this study, we fabricate biodegradable microcontainers with different polymers, namely poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 50:50 and PLGA 75:25 by hot punching. The mucoadhesion of the microcontainers is assessed with an <i>ex vivo</i> retention model on porcine intestinal tissue. Finally, <i>in vitro</i> degradation studies of the biodegradable microcontainers are completed for six weeks in simulated intestinal medium with the addition of pancreatic enzymes. Through SEM inspection, the PLGA 50:50 microcontainers show the first signs of degradation already after two weeks and complete degradation within four weeks, while the other polymers slowly degrade in the medium over several weeks.
Synthesis of cocrystallized USY/ZSM-5 zeolites from kaolin and its use as fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (2017)

The effect of ZSM-5 as propylene booster is enhanced when USY/ZSM5 are cocrystallized instead of conforming physical mixtures.
Scene Representation Transformer: Geometry-Free Novel View Synthesis Through Set-Latent Scene Representations (2021)

A classical problem in computer vision is to infer a 3D scene representation from few images that can be used to render novel views at interactive rates. Previous work focuses on reconstructing pre-defined 3D representations, e.g. textured meshes, or implicit representations, e.g. radiance fields, and often requires input images with precise camera poses and long processing times for each novel scene. In this work, we propose the Scene Representation Transformer (SRT), a method which processes posed or unposed RGB images of a new area, infers a "set-latent scene representation", and synthesises novel views, all in a single feed-forward pass. To calculate the scene representation, we propose a generalization of the Vision Transformer to sets of images, enabling global information integration, and hence 3D reasoning. An efficient decoder transformer parameterizes the light field by attending into the scene representation to render novel views. Learning is supervised end-to-end by minimizing a novel-view reconstruction error. We show that this method outperforms recent baselines in terms of PSNR and speed on synthetic datasets, including a new dataset created for the paper. Further, we demonstrate that SRT scales to support interactive visualization and semantic segmentation of real-world outdoor environments using Street View imagery.
Serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and recurrence risk in patients (pts) with resectable colorectal liver metastasis (CLM). (2016)

e15131 Background: In pts with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the resection of isolated CLM is potentially curative. Previous studies have shown that ctDNA can be detected in a high proportion of pts with mCRC. ctDNA detection after resection of CLM may be a marker of residual micrometastatic disease. If so, serial analysis of ctDNA after CLM resection could inform adjuvant chemotherapy decision making and pt follow-up. Methods: We prospectively collected serial (pre-op, post-op and 3 to 6 monthly during adjuvant chemotherapy and follow-up) plasma in pts with resectable CLM. Chemotherapy use was at clinician discretion, blinded to ctDNA result. With targeted sequencing of 15 genes commonly mutated in CRC, we identified somatic mutations in each pt’s tumor, and then designed a personalised assay to quantify a selected mutant DNA in plasma samples (ctDNA) using the Safe-SeqS digital genomic assay. Results: From July 2011 to March 2014, 37 pts were recruited, 25 male, median age 64 years (range 31-82). 19 had a single liver metastasis, 11 had 2-3, and seven had ≥ 4 lesions. Available plasma samples were analyzed. Prior to any treatment, ctDNA was positive in 31/35 (89%) pts. 36 pts (97%) underwent R0 resection, 26 pts (70%) received chemotherapy after surgery. At a median follow-up of 27 months, 14 of 37 pts (38%) have recurred. Ten of 10 pts (100%) with positive post-treatment (surgery and chemotherapy) ctDNA experienced recurrence vs 4 of 27 (15%) with negative post-treatment ctDNA (HR 13.16, p < 0.0001). Of 9 pts with positive ctDNA after surgery, one had negative ctDNA after adjuvant chemotherapy and remains disease free. All 6 pts where ctDNA remained positive after chemotherapy and all 2 who did not have chemotherapy have recurred. At recurrence, ctDNA was positive in 12/13 (92%), while 6/13 (46%) had an elevated CEA (p = 0.03). ctDNA was detectable at a median of 3 months (range 0 - 14) prior to clinical recurrence. Conclusions: ctDNA is detectable in the majority of pts with CLM. In our series, all pts where ctDNA remained positive following treatment experienced recurrence. Serial ctDNA after chemotherapy and during follow-up may be a marker of adjuvant chemotherapy impact and an early marker of recurrence. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12612000345886.
Propagation characteristics of Si nitride optical waveguide integrated with Si p-i-n diodes for light emitter and detector (2005)

For light propagation in Si nitride optical waveguides with various width, bending loss is evaluated, and the bending radius dependence is clarified using a pair of Si p-i-n diodes integrated on Si substrate.
Round 1 Progress Report: Anabolic Vitamin D Analogs as Countermeasures to Bone Loss (1997)

NAS _t_11 1]_ 30 66To: Mary SchiflettProgram AdministratorTMC/NASA Cooperative Research Program406 Jesse H. Jones Library BuildingT: 791-8844; F: 791-8855Round OneFII_LALREPORTDate: August 19, 1997Round 1 Progress Report: Anabolic Vitamin D Analogs as Countermeasures to Bone LossNorman J. Karin t. Mary C. Farach-Carson _, Co-PIstUniv. Texas Grad Sch. Biomed. Sci., GSBS S. 102, T: 500-9870; F: 500-98772Dept. Basic Sciences, Univ. Texas Dental Branch, DBB 3.108, T: 500-4492; F: 500-4500During the month of Iune, 1997, the final month of this contract, Dr. Wei Li continuedhis investigation of the priming effect of vitamin D 3 on parathyroid hormone (PTH)-inducedelevations in cytosolic free Ca 2÷ in cultured osteoblasts. Unlike the vitamin D steroid, neitherestrogen nor progesterone were either to prime the cells' response to PTH. Wei alsoconfirmed previous experimental results suggesting that vitamin D_ alone does not changecytoplasmic Ca 2* levels.To summarize the progress we made during the period supported by the Round Icontract, we demonstrated for the first time that vitamin D3 influences the effect of PTH onbone cell calcium ion levels. This is a rapid effect, taking place within seconds/minutes. Thismay prove to be a critical contribution to our understanding of bone physiology in that thesetwo hormones are among the most potent regulators of bone calcium content and of systemiccalcium homeostasis. Together with the data gathered from the study of astronauts exposed tomicrogravity for extended periods, these observations suggest the interaction of vitamin D3 andPTH as a possible therapeutic target in the treatment of bone loss disorders such asosteoporosis and disuse atrophy. Our findings have been accepted for publication (copyattached):Li, W., Karin, N.J. and Farach-Carson, M.C. (1997). 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Enhances ParathyroidHormone-Induced Increase in Cytosolic Free Calcium in Osteoblastic Cells through a Membrane-InitiatedPathway. Am. J. Physiol. (in press).Another result from the Round 1 study was our observation that chronic exposure ofcultured osteob]asts to vitamin D 3 altered the number of voltage-sensitive Ca 2+ channelsexpressed. Estrogen treatment yielded a similar result, suggesting that there is overlap in themechanismby which these hormones elicit long-term effects on bone cell calcium homeostasis.
A Lower Bound for Variable Rate Slepian-Wolf Coding (2006)

In this paper we analyze the redundancy of variable rate Slepian-Wolf coding. For any memoryless source-side information pair (X, Y) = {(X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> ,Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> )}Einfin <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i=1</sub> with finite alphabet, the redundancy R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> (epsi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> ) of variable rate Slepian-Wolf coding is defined as the minimum of the difference between the compression rate of any variable-rate Slepian-Wolf code resulting from coding XEn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> with decoding error probability epsi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> , and the conditional entropy H(X|Y). It is proved that under mild assumptions, for sufficiently large n, R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> (epsi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> ) is lower bounded by dradiclog n/n, where d > 0 is a constant
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrofluids: From Preparation to Biomedical Applications (2016)

Abstract Review: 123 refs.
Improving reverberant VTS for hands-free robust speech recognition (2011)

Model-based approaches to handling additive background noise and channel distortion, such as Vector Taylor Series (VTS), have been intensively studied and extended in a number of ways. In previous work, VTS has been extended to handle both reverberant and background noise, yielding the Reverberant VTS (RVTS) scheme. In this work, rather than assuming the observation vector is generated by the reverberation of a sequence of background noise corrupted speech vectors, as in RVTS, the observation vector is modelled as a superposition of the background noise and the reverberation of clean speech. This yields a new compensation scheme RVTS Joint (RVTSJ), which allows an easy formulation for joint estimation of both additive and reverberation noise parameters. These two compensation schemes were evaluated and compared on a simulated reverberant noise corrupted AURORA4 task. Both yielded large gains over VTS baseline system, with RVTSJ outperforming the previous RVTS scheme.
Pathogenicity and Mucosal Transmissibility of the R5-Tropic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV AD8 in Rhesus Macaques: Implications for Use in Vaccine Studies (2012)

There is an urgent need to develop new pathogenic R5 simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) for the evaluation of candidate anti-HIV vaccines in nonhuman primates. Here, we characterize swarm SHIV(AD8) stocks, prepared from three infected rhesus macaques with documented immunodeficiency at the time of euthanasia, for their capacity to establish durable infections in macaques following inoculation by the intravenous (i.v.) or intrarectal (i.r.) route. All three viral stocks (SHIV(AD8-CE8J), SHIV(AD8-CK15), and SHIV(AD8-CL98)) exhibited robust replication in vivo and caused marked depletion of CD4(+) T cells affecting both memory and naïve CD4(+) T lymphocyte subsets following administration by either route. Eleven of 22 macaques inoculated with the new SHIV(AD8) stocks were euthanized with clinical symptoms of immunodeficiency and evidence of opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis, Candida, and Mycobacterium). A single but unique founder virus, also present in the SHIV(AD8-CE8J) swarm stock, was transmitted to two animals following a single i.r. inoculation of approximately 3 50% animal infectious doses, which is close to the threshold required to establish infection in all exposed animals. Because the three new SHIV(AD8) viruses are mucosally transmissible, exhibited tier 2 sensitivity to anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies, deplete CD4(+) T lymphocytes in vivo, and induce AIDS in macaques, they are eminently suitable as challenge viruses in vaccine experiments.
Real Time Holter Monitoring of Biomedical Signals (1999)

Monitoring of the electrocardiogram during normal activity using Holter devices has become standard procedure for detection of cardiac arrhythmias, transient ischemic episodes and silent myocardial ischemia. Existing devices mostly record &amp;quot;twenty-four&amp;quot; hour activity and then perform off-line record analysis. We present realization of an intelligent DSP-based Holter device for continuous electrocardiogram monitoring. Battery operated Holter device is realized using Texas Instruments TMS320C542 DSP board with Del Mar PWA Amplifier Digicorder. The proposed device could be used either for acquisition of anomalous ECG sequences (arrhythmic events, ST segment deviation, etc.) and storing to flash memory, or as a warning device during normal activity or exercise stress test. Implemented environment could be used as high-performance input/output processor. It could provide 3D virtual reality stereo output and new inputs such as user’s emotional state, which could be used as significant feedback for computer applications. 1.
Focal plane compression 128x128 image sensor based on column parallel architecture (1998)

In order to enhance the performance of image sensing, we have been investigating a novel image sensor which compresses image signal on the sensor focal plane. By the integration of sensing and compression, number of pixels in the image signal that has to be readout from the sensor can be significantly reduced, and the integration can consequently increase the pixel rate of the sensor. In this paper, we describe a new prototype sensor based on a column parallel architecture which has 128 X 128 pixels. We have improved the processing circuits of the new prototype to achieve much lower power dissipation and higher processing speed. We have verified that the processing circuits can be operated at 5000 frames/second.
An Improved Software List Sphere Polar Decoder With Synchronous Determination (2019)

Being the first codes achieving the capacity of symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels, polar codes have been favorable and standardized for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) control channels. In future mobile communications, the entire system is required to be flexible and adaptive to varying scenarios. Therefore, efficient software implementation of polar decoder is expected. Existing software successive cancellation list polar decoder can achieve good performance but with a good memory consumption. For short control channel codes, a more memory-efficient alternative is sphere decoder, but its latency gives rise to another issue. Equipped with a breadth-first search to keep a fixed complexity, list sphere decoder (LSD) is also considered. To improve the performance of LSD, a software LSD with synchronous determination is proposed in this paper. We precalculate the synchro sets to improve the decoding, which leads to a performance gain. Meanwhile, the decoding process is simplified due to the precalculation, which attains even lower complexity. Implemented with C++, the proposed decoder can achieve up to 2 dB performance gain compared with the existing LSD.
Variation of tensile strength and elastic limit due to tempering at low temperature on quenched medium carbon steel (2021)

Although elastic limit and tensile strength are essential for mechanical strength design, the measurement of high hardness materials is a challenge due to their sensitivity on notches. As an alternative, the tensile strength can be easily assumed from hardness using the conversion table (e.g. SAE J 417); however, the table does not include the data for high hardness region, namely tempered materials at low temperature. We performed tensile tests and obtained elastic limits and tensile strengths of quenched martensitic medium-carbon steel with tempering at several temperatures. The hardness was monotonically decreased with the increase of tempering temperature. However, the tensile strength and elastic limit improved as the increase of temperature at low tempering temperature. In contrast, at high tempering temperature, the tensile strength and elastic limit were decreased with increase of tempering temperature. Consequently, the ratios of hardness to tensile strength or elastic limit were changed below or above the transition point. The ratios were constant below a tempering temperature (290 ℃ for elastic limit and 200 ℃-300 ℃ for tensile strength in the present experiments) and increased with the increase of the tempering temperature above the temperature. The variation of the ratio, hardness to tensile strength, is due to the brittle fracture on high hardness specimens before reaching the threshold to start plastic instability. In addition to, it is considered that the variation of the ratio, hardness to elastic limit, is caused by another mechanism, a decrease in elastic limit due to mobile dislocations.
High-Mannose Glycopeptides from Embryonal Carcinoma Cells1 (1980)

Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H released four major oligosaccharides from high-mannose glycopeptides prepared from embryonal carcinoma cells. The oligosacchaides were indistinguishable from (Man)9GlcNAc, (Man)8GlcNAc, (Man)7GlcNAc, and (Man)6GlcNAc isolated from fibroblasts. This result suggests that the biosynthetic pathway of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in early embryonic cells is controlled as in adult cells, at least to the initial stage of processing of the nascent oligosaccharide transferred from lipid-linked intermediate.
Erratum to “Erratum to “The SCARE guidelines: Consensus-based surgical case report guidelines” [Int. J. Surg. 34 (2016) 180–186]” [Int. J. Surg. 36 (2016) 396] (2017)

© 2017 IJS Publishing Group Ltd The publisher regrets that the title in the original erratum was incorrect. The correct title of the item referred to is: The SCARE Statement: Consensus-based surgical case report guidelines The author name and affiliation for SCARE group member Mangesh A. Thorat has also been updated. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.