gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Dielectric Elastomer EAP Actuators (2010)

Electroactive polymers (EAPs) that are suitable for actuators undergo changes in size, shape, or stress state upon the application of an electrical stimulus. Much research in the field of EAPs tends to focus on the development and understanding of the polymer materials themselves. However, practical devices require that changes in dimension and stress state be effectively exploited to produce the desired functionalities (e.g., driving the motion of a robot limb or simply changing appearance or surface texture). This chapter focuses on those issues that must be considered in implementing EAP materials in practical devices. For purposes of discussion we will focus on one particular type of electroactive polymer: dielectric elastomers. In the literature [e.g., Liu, Bar-Cohen, and Leary, 1999] and elsewhere in this book, dielectric elastomers are also known as electrostatically stricted polymers. Dielectric elastomers are a type of electronic EAPs as defined in Chapter 1 of this book - in that their operation is based on the electromechanical response of polymer materials to the application of an electric field. They have demonstrated good performance over a range of performance parameters and thus show potential for a wide range of applications. Dielectric elastomers were pioneered by SRI International, but several research groups around the world are actively investigating applications of this technology [e.g., Wingert et al., 2002; Sommer-Larsen et al., 2001; Jeon et al., 2001]. While the principle of operation of dielectric elastomer EAPs is not used with all EAPs, many of the issues we will discuss are common to all. These issues include the high compliance and large strains that EAPs can produce, as well as the necessity of simultaneous consideration of both the electrical properties and mechanical properties of materials. This chapter is organized as follows. First, we consider the specifications used to match actuation technologies with applications, and when it makes sense to consider EAPs. Next, we discuss the basic principles of dielectric elastomer technology. We then consider design issues that may affect the actuation performance of dielectric elastomer EAPs, as well as the operational characteristics of EAPs and how they may affect an application. We present several examples of dielectric elastomer actuators for a wide range of applications, highlighting both the potential advantages of EAPs and the challenges associated with their use. Finally, we conclude with a brief summary of the subchapter and a discussion of the future of EAP application.
Electrowetting-Based Variable Tuning Prism (2015)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Terrab, A. M. Watson, K. Dease, J. T. Gopinath, and V. M. Bright, "Electrowetting-Based Variable Tuning Prism," in CLEO: 2015, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2015), paper AW4K.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Development and Optimization of a Small-Displacement Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection Engine - Full-Load Operation (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Full-load operation of a small-displacement spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) engine was thoroughly investigated by means of computational analysis and engine measurements. The performance is affected by many different factors, which can be grouped as those pertaining to volumetric efficiency, to mixing and stratification, and to system issues, respectively. Volumetric efficiency is affected by flow losses, tuning and charge cooling. Charge cooling due to spray vaporization is often touted as the most significant benefit of direct-injection on full-load performance. However, if wall wetting occurs, this benefit may be completely negated or even reversed. The fuel-air mixing is strongly affected by the injection timing and characteristics at lower engine speeds, while at higher engine speeds the intake flow dominates the transport of fuel particles and resultant vapor distribution. A higher injector flow rate enhances mixing especially at higher engine speeds. The design of the intake ports is critical not only to optimize the through-flow but also to create a suitable in-cylinder flow that optimizes mixing. At lower speeds swirl may be used to enhance mixing and increase the torque. Using a flat piston provided little or no benefit relative to a bowl-in-piston except at high speeds, even though the mixture distribution showed differences at lower speeds. The combustion characteristics are significantly affected not only by the global mixture distribution but also by the local equivalence ratio in the vicinity of the spark plug. Global stratification adversely affects the knock propensity of the combustion system, which may be exacerbated if the charge cooling benefit of direct-injection is negated by wall impingement. By optimizing the various components of direct-injection full-load performance, a significant improvement was obtained relative to the initial baseline configuration, and the expected gains in torque and power over an equivalent PFI engine achieved.&lt;/div&gt;
The Artificial Regression Market (2012)

The Artificial Prediction Market is a recent machine learning technique for multi-class classification, inspired from the financial markets. It involves a number of trained market participants that bet on the possible outcomes and are rewarded if they predict correctly. This paper generalizes the scope of the Artificial Prediction Markets to regression, where there are uncountably many possible outcomes and the error is usually the MSE. For that, we introduce the reward kernel that rewards each participant based on its prediction error and we derive the price equations. Using two reward kernels we obtain two different learning rules, one of which is approximated using Hermite-Gauss quadrature. The market setting makes it easy to aggregate specialized regressors that only predict when an observation falls into their specialization domain. Experiments show that regression markets based on the two learning rules outperform Random Forest Regression on many UCI datasets and are rarely outperformed.
Performance analysis of a packet-switched synchronous voice/data transmission system (1990)

The queuing behavior of voice and data traffic for a proposed voice/data multiplexing system is investigated. For synchronization of packetized voice in the packet-switched network, the master frame format of time-division multiplexing (TDM) is utilized. This scheme has discrete delay characteristics for packetized voice and provides a simple play-out method for voice signals. The performance of voice and data traffic is investigated by obtaining the cumulative distribution of delay of voice packets and the mean delay time of voice and data packets. The performances of the proposed system and the circuit-switched system are compared to time-assignment speech interpolation (TASI) in terms of the loss probability of voice traffic and the maximum allowable number of input voice channels for a given trunk capacity. The proposed system has been found to be more efficient than the circuit-switched system with TASI for integrating multiple voice channels in a single link. For a given trunk capacity, the system can accommodate about twice the number of input voice channels as the circuit-switched system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Silicon Evanescent Amplifiers (2007)

Optical amplifiers are important elements of photonic integrated circuits. We present a hybrid silicon evanescent amplifier utilizing a wafer bonded structure of silicon waveguide and AlGaInAs quantum wells. A chip gain of 13 dB with a power penalty of 0.5 dB at 40 Gb/s data amplification is demonstrated.
Fulguration of Ventricular Tachycardia Using High Cumulative Energy: Results in Thirty‐one Patients with a Mean Follow‐Up of Twenty‐seven Months (1989)

Catheter electrical ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) was attempted in 31 patients (57 +/- 15 years) who had refractory recurrent VT. Fifteen patients had coronary artery disease, seven had arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, four had cardiomyopathy and five had no structural heart disease. Ten patients were NYHA class III-IV. Ten patients experienced cardiac arrest or syncope during VT. Twenty-two patients had only one documented morphologic type of spontaneous VT. Whereas nine patients had more than one: the VT was incessant or daily in 17 patients. One to 16 shocks (mean 5.6) of 160 to 240 joules each (1162 +/- 1060 joules) were delivered to the endocardial exit site of VT--as identified by endocardial activation mapping (29 patients) and pacemapping (31 patients)--during one (22 patients) or more than one session (nine patients). Cumulative delivered energy was 840 +/- 558 joules for right ventricular VT (11 patients) and 1362 +/- 1240 joules for left ventricular VT (20 patients). Reversible side effects occurring immediately after shocks included: nonclinical VT (two patients), ventricular fibrillation (two patients), AV block (three patients). Mean CK-MB fraction 6 hours after shocks was 91 +/- 46 IU/1. An electrophysiology study performed 7 to 10 days later demonstrated that the original clinical VT was inducible in seven patients, nonclinical monomorphic VT was inducible in eight patients and no VT was inducible in 13 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Search for lepton-flavor violation in different-flavor, high-mass final states in pp collisions at s=13  TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A search is performed for a heavy particle decaying into different-flavor, dilepton pairs ($e\ensuremath{\mu}$, $e\ensuremath{\tau}$ or $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau}$), using $36.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ collected in 2015--2016 by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excesses over the Standard Model predictions are observed. Bayesian lower limits at the 95% credibility level are placed on the mass of a ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ boson, the mass of a supersymmetric $\ensuremath{\tau}$-sneutrino, and on the threshold mass for quantum black-hole production. For the ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and sneutrino models, upper cross-section limits are converted to upper limits on couplings, which are compared with similar limits from low-energy experiments and which are more stringent for the $e\ensuremath{\tau}$ and $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau}$ modes.
Studies on hormonal modulation of asparagine-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis in explant cultures of rat mammary gland. (1990)

Glucosidase I has been purified to homogeneity and polyclonal antibodies against the enzyme have been prepared. The anti-glucosidase I antibodies recognized a single band of 85 kDa on western blot at a dilution as high as 1:2000 and also inhibited the enzyme activity, suggesting the specificity of the antibodies. Con A-Sepharose binding experiment indicates that this enzyme itself is a high mannose type N-linked glycoprotein. The increase in the electrophoretic mobility of 85 kDa band following digestion with endoglycosidase H and F strengthened this observation. The presence of any O-linked sugar attached covalently to glucosidase I could not be detected by binding assays with O-linkage specific biotinylated lectins. The studies on developmental regulation suggest that the synthesis of glucosidase I is modulated with the ontogeny of the gland. Lactogenic hormones, viz. insulin, hydrocortisone and prolactin, appeared to regulate the synthesis of glucosidase I. The possible role of these hormones in the overall regulation of protein N-glycosylation has been discussed.
"Embryo": an autonomic co-operative service management framework (2008)

In this paper, we present “Embryo”, a fully decentralized service management framework inspired by morphogenesis and capable of installing components and modifying the topology of a peer-to-peer (P2P) interaction overlay network so as to meet the needs of the majority of all participating peers. Cooperation is an emergent property of the self-organisation process, which is underpinned by purely “selfish” decisionmaking based on incomplete information gathered through gossiping (local messaging). We provide a detailed description of the local reasoning loop governing the behavior of individual peers, as well as Monte Carlo simulation results that demonstrate the system’s ability to converge to a stable state in which most peers have direct access to all the components they require via one of their first neighbors.
Sensing of environmental signals: classification of chemoreceptors according to the size of their ligand binding regions (2010)

Central to the different forms of taxis are methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs). The increasing number of genome sequences reveals that MCPs differ enormously in sequence, topology and genomic abundance. This work is a one-by-one bioinformatic analysis of the almost-totality of MCP genes available and a classification of motile bacteria according to their lifestyle. On average, motile archaea have 6.7 MCP genes per genome whereas motile bacteria have more than twice as much. We show that the number of MCPs per genome depends on bacterial lifestyle and metabolic diversity, but weakly on genome size. Signal perception at an MCP occurs at the N-terminal ligand binding region (LBR). Here we show that around 88% of MCPs possess an LBR that remains un-annotated in SMART. MCPs can be classified into two clusters according to the size of the LBR. Cluster I receptors have an LBR between 120 and 210 amino acids whereas cluster II receptors have larger LBRs of 220-299 amino acids. There is evidence that suggests that some cluster II LBRs are composed of two cluster I LBRs. Further evidence indicates that other cluster II LBRs might harbour novel sensor domains. Cluster II receptors are dominant in archaea whereas cluster I receptors are prevalent in bacteria. MCPs can be classified into six different receptor topologies and this work contains a first estimation of the relative abundance of different receptor topologies in bacteria and archaea. Topologies involving extracytoplasmic sensing are prevalent in bacteria whereas topologies with cytosolic signal recognition are abundant in archaea.
EUV MET printing and actinic imaging analysis on the effects of phase defects on wafer CDs (2007)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography technology has gradually developed, and the industry is now progressing toward beta EUV lithography processes. However, very little has been reported on the effects of phase defects on wafer critical dimension (CD) and on tolerable defect sizes. We have fabricated programmed defect masks with programmed substrate pits and absorbing iso line patterns. The substrate pit depth measured with AFM ranged from ~2-3 to ~6-10 nm and the full width half maximum (FWHM) varied from 45 to 150 nm. A line-pattern was etched into the reflective multilayer coating using focused ion beam (FIB) milling. The iso line pattern is 225nm wide, corresponding to 45nm on a wafer in 5x demagnification tool we used for the EUV exposure. In this paper, we will present an analysis of the measured relationship between phase defect size and CD change using data obtained with an EUV micro-exposure tool (MET) and with an actinic imaging microscope at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Printable distance between pit and line edge will also be discussed according to pit sizes. Comparison result between real test and aerial image simulation will be reported to confirm the simulation.
Realization of hetero composite laser materials (2009)

A low-cost method based on sol-gel technique has been developed to realize hetero-composite laser materials. Laser actions have been demonstrated in Er/Yb glass||sapphire and Nd:YVO4||sapphire composites with significant improvements on thermal issues.
Contrast Media: Safety Issues and ESUR Guidelines (2009)

H.S. Thomsen and J.A.W. Webb, eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2009, 254 pages, $149 This second edition of Contrast Media: Safety Issues and ESUR Guidelines provides new and updated information on the contrast-related safety issues that a radiologist can encounter in daily practice.
Non-interferometric reconstruction of partially coherent sources (1992)

Most existing techniques used to determine the properties of a partially coherent source require interferometric measurements of the cross-spectral density of the field produced by the source. We examine the circumstances under which the interferometric measurements may be replaced by measurements of the spectrum of the field in two or more planes. This approach bears some similarity to a method sometimes used in connection with the phase retrieval problem. In order to provide some insight into such noninterferometric reconstructions, we first consider the simple case of a Gaussian Schell-model source. We then examine some more general types of sources.
Concurrent Communication and Sensing in Cognitive Radio Devices: Challenges and an Enabling Solution (2013)

Cognitive radios (CRs) need to continuously monitor the availability of unoccupied spectrum. Prior work on spectrum sensing mainly focused on time-slotted schemes where sensing and communication take place on different time periods in the same frequency. This however leads to <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$a$</tex></formula> ) limited CR throughput as data transmissions need to be interrupted for the sensing task, and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$b$</tex></formula> ) unreliable detection performance since sensing happens in specific confined time durations. The paper describes the basic design challenges and hardware requirements that restrain CRs from simultaneously and continuously sensing the spectrum while transmitting in the same frequency band. The paper then describes a novel approach based on spatial filtering that promises to empower CRs with concurrent transmission and sensing capabilities. The idea is to equip the CR with redundant transmit antennas for forming an adaptive spatial filter that selectively nulls the transmit signal in the sensing direction. By doing so, a wideband isolation level of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\sim} 60$</tex> </formula> dB is obtained by the antenna system. Finally, by following the spatial filtering stage with active power cancellation in the radio-frequency stage and in the baseband stage, a total isolation in excess of a 100 dB required for enabling concurrent communication and sensing can be obtained.
#3658 PERITONEAL INFLAMMATION INDUCES SYSTEMIC ERYPTOSIS IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS-ASSOCIATED PERITONITIS (2023)

Abstract Background and Aims Eryptosis is stress-induced RBC (Red Blood Cell) death mechanism. Our preliminary data show that there is a significative increased of eryptosis during peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Furthremore, there is an elevation of local and systemic inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between systemic eryptosis levels in peritonitis and specific peritonitis biomarkers in peritonitis effluent (PDE), such as Peritoneal White Blood cell count (pWBC), peritoneal NGAL (pNGAL) and peritoneal cytokines levels. Method We enrolled 22 PD patients with peritonitis and 17 healthy subjects. PD-related peritonitis was defined according to the Guidelines of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis. At the time of diagnosis, blood samples were collected for eryptosis and peritoneal effluent were taken to evaluate pWBC, pNGAL and cytokines. All eryptotic measurements were made in freshly isolated RBCs. PS avidly binds AnnexinV, which is thus employed to identify eryptotic cells. Thus, PS exposure at RBC surface was estimated from FITC-AnnexinV binding using flow cytometric analyses. Results 13/22 patients were treated with continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) and 9 with automated PD (APD). The median length of PD treatment was 28.1 months and the range was: minimum: 3 – maximum: 124.9 months. The percentage of AnnexinV-binding RBCs was significantly higher in PD patients with peritonitis than in CTR (PD patients with peritonitis: 7.7; IQR 4.3-14.2, versus CTR: 0.8; IQR 0.7-1.3; p&amp;lt;0.001) (Figure 1). WBC, NGAL and cytokines levels in PDE are reported in Table 2. We observed important correlation between eriptosis levels and peritoneal biomarkers (Figure 2). Conclusion In conclusion, we investigated a potential connection between systemic eryptosis and peritoneal biomarkers involved in peritonitis. The presented results revealed that upregulated inflammatory markers could be the cause of high levels of systemic eryptosis during PD-related peritonitis.
Advanced Scheduling Schemes in 4G Systems (2011)

The deterministic factor for 4G wireless technologies is to successfully deliver high value services such as voice, video, real-time data with well defined Quality of Service (QoS), which has strict prerequisite of throughput, delay, latency and jitter. This requirement should be achieved with minimum use of limited shared resources. This constraint leads to the development and implementation of scheduling policy which along with adaptive physical layer design completely exploit the frequency, temporal and spatial dimensions of the resource space of multi-user system to achieve the best system-level performance. The basic goal for scheduling is to allocate the users with the network resources in a channel aware way primarily as a function of time and frequency to satisfy individual user’s service request delivery (QoS guarantee) and overall system performance optimization. Advanced scheduling schemes consider cross-layer optimization principle, where to fully optimize wireless broadband networks; both the challenges from the physical medium and the QoS-demands from the applications are to be taken into account. Cross-layer optimization needs to be accomplished by the design philosophy of jointly optimizing the physical, media access control, and link layer, while leveraging the standard IP network architecture. Cross-layer design approaches are critical for efficient utilization of the scarce radio resources with QoS provisioning in 4G wireless networks and beyond. The scheduler, in a sense, becomes the focal point for achieving any cross-layer optimization, given that the system design allows for this. The scheduler uses information from the physical layer up to the application layer to make decisions and perform optimization. This is a fundamental advantage over a system where the intelligence is distributed throughout the all entities of the network. In this chapter, the authors present an overview of the basic scheduling schemes as well as investigate advanced scheduling schemes particularly in OFDMA and packet scheduling schemes in all-IP based 4G systems. Game theoretic approach of distributed scheduling, which is of particular importance in wireless ad hoc networks, will also be discussed. 4G wireless networks are mostly MIMO based which introduces another degree of freedom for optimization, i.e. spatial dimension, for which scheduling in MIMO systems is very much complicated and computation intensive. MIMO resource allocation and scheduling is also covered in this chapter. The key research challenges in 4G wireless networks like LTE, WiMAX and the future research direction for scheduling problems in 4G networks are also presented in this chapter.