gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Proton Conductivity of Fe–N–C–Based Cathode on PEM Fuel cell Performance (2020)

A model–based impedance spectroscopy is used to determine proton conductivity, oxygen transport parameter, double layer capacitance and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) Tafel slope in the Fe–N–C cathode catalyst layer (CCL) of a PEM fuel cell. Experimental spectra of two cells differing by the membrane thickness only are processed using a physics–based model for PEMFC impedance. The spectra have been measured in the range of current densities from 25 to 800 mA cm −2 . The ORR Tafel slope of both the cells shows almost linear growth with the current density. In one of the cells, the CCL proton conductivity σ p strongly decays at the current density of 100 mA cm −2 ; this decay is accompanied by the step growth of the double layer capacitance. Other minor variations of proton conductivity and double layer capacitance with the cell current occur also in a counterphase; presumed origin of this effect is discussed. The oxygen diffusion coefficient in the cathode exhibits explosive growth with the cell current. We attribute this effect to formation of temperature and pressure gradients in the CCL due to strongly non–uniform distribution of ORR rate in the electrode.
Withaferin A inhibits Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2018)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and in the United States. Despite recent advancements in treatment approaches, metastasis remains a major therapeutic challenge in lung cancer and explains the extremely poor prognosis. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a complex process of cellular reprogramming has become an attractive drug target because it plays a crucial role in the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we examined the effects of withaferin A (WFA), a plant-derived steroidal lactone on EMT in human NSCLC cell lines. First, we demonstrated that WFA displayed time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity on A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells. Then, cells were exposed to ≤ 0.5 µM WFA for ≤ 4 h to minimize cytotoxicity and determined its effects on EMT, cell adhesion, motility, migration, and invasion. EMT induction was performed by culturing cells in serum-free media containing TGFβ1 (5 ng/mL) and TNFα (25 ng/mL) for 48 h. We observed that pretreatment of cells with WFA inhibited cell adhesion, migration, and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells. Using western blot, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR analysis, we demonstrated that WFA suppressed TGFβ1 and TNFα-induced EMT in both cell lines. Mechanistically, WFA suppressed the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 and NF-κB in A549 and H1299 cells. Together, our study provides additional evidence demonstrating the inhibitory effects of WFA on EMT induction in NSCLC cells and further demonstrates the therapeutic potential of WFA against the metastasis in NSCLC.
Reduction of Cytosolic p27Kip1 Inhibits Cancer Cell Motility, Survival, and Tumorigenicity (2006)

We generated a p27(Kip1) mutant (p27deltaNLS) that localized exclusively in cell cytosol. Expression of p27deltaNLS in MCF7 breast cancer cells down-regulated RhoA and increased motility, survival, and Akt levels without an effect on cell cycle distribution. RNA interference of p27 in U87 glioma cells, which express p27 predominantly in the cytoplasm, inhibited motility and survival. Conversely, knockdown of p27 in COS7 cells, with >95% nuclear p27 expression, accelerated proliferation but had no effect on motility or survival. U87 cells in which p27 had been eliminated by RNA interference exhibited lower Akt levels, shorter Akt turnover, and markedly impaired tumorigenicity in vivo. These xenografts were less invasive and exhibited increased apoptosis compared with p27-expressing tumors. Expression of cytosolic p27 in primary human breast carcinomas correlated linearly with Akt content as measured by immunohistochemistry. These data suggest that cytoplasmic p27 can exert oncogenic functions by modulating Akt stability, cell survival, and tumorigenicity.
Superresolving optical microscope by means of two-photon entanglement (2006)

We propose a two-photon imaging system and formulate the property of the system into an image-formation formulae. The idea of two-photon image-formation, in which the entangled photon pairs are utilized, unveils the possibility of the advancement in resolution. We show that the two-photon microscopy beats the diffraction limit and discuss the resolution of this high-resolving optical system.
Language identification and multilingual speech recognition using discriminatively trained acoustic models (2006)

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Respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis is enhanced by exposure to bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) but not to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 2. (2011)

To determine if previous exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) type 2 affects the onset of disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis, 6- to 8-month-old beef calves were exposed to BVDV or BHV-1 4 d prior to challenge with a suspension of 3 clinical isolates of M. bovis. Animals were observed for clinical signs of disease and at necropsy, percent abnormal lung tissue and presence of M. bovis were determined. Most animals pre-exposed to BHV-1 type 2 but not BVDV developed M. bovis-related respiratory illness. In a second trial, we determined that a 100-fold reduction in the number of M. bovis bacteria administered to BHV-1 exposed animals reduced the percentage of abnormal lung tissue but not the severity of clinical signs. We conclude that previous exposure to BHV-1 but not BVDV type 2 was a necessary cause of M. bovis-related respiratory diseases in our disease model.
Optical hybrid package with an 8-channel 18GT/s CMOS transceiver for chip-to-chip optical interconnect (2008)

We describe the design and development of a high-speed 8-channel hybrid integrated optical transceiver package with Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) circuits. The package concept has been developed to be compatible with microprocessor package technology and at the same time allow the integration of low cost, high-performance optical components. A 90nm CMOS optical transceiver chip, 850nm 10Gb/s GaAs based vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array and PIN photodiode array are flip-chip mounted on a standard microprocessor Land Grid Array (LGA) package substrate. The CMOS drivers and receivers on the transceiver chip and the optical components (VCSEL and Photodiode arrays) are electrically coupled using a short transmission line routed on the top surface of the package. VCSEL and photodiode arrays are optically coupled to on-package integrated polymer waveguide arrays with metallized 45&deg; mirrors. The waveguides, which are terminated with multi-terminal (MT) fiber optic connectors, couple out/in high-speed optical signals to/from the chip. The CMOS transceiver chip fully integrates all analog optical circuits such as VCSEL drivers, transimpedance amplifiers and clock and data recovery (CDR) retiming circuit with a low jitter LC-PLL. Digital circuits for pseudorandom bit-pattern sequence generators (PRBS) and bit-error rate test (BERT) are fully integrated. 20Gb/s electrical and 18Gb/s optical eye diagrams for the transmitter were measured out of the package. A fully packaged transmitter and receiver including clock data recovery at 10Gb/s have also been measured.
Well-defined assemblies of adamantyl-terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers and β-cyclodextrin in water (2000)

Adamantyl-terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers 1–5 were dissolved in water in the presence of β-cyclodextrin through strong non-covalent interaction between the β-cyclodextrin and adamantyl groups. The solubilization of the dendrimer by β-cyclodextrin is most effective at pH = 2, because at this pH there is complete protonation of the tertiary amino groups present in the dendritic cores, which causes the dendrimers to adopt a stretched conformation. The dendrimers remain in solution at pH ≤ 7, but precipitate under basic conditions, except for 1, which remains in solution. The stoichiometries of the β-cyclodextrin complexes of 1–4 at pH = 2 are 1·(β-CD)4, 2·(β-CD)8, 3·(β-CD)16, and 4·(β-CD)32, respectively. For steric reasons not all 64 adamantyl groups of 5 can be complexed by β-cyclodextrin. The stoichiometry of the 5·(β-CD)n complex is about 1∶40 (pH = 2). Steric arguments confirm that the outer surface area of 5 is too small to allow complete coverage by β-cyclodextrins. Qualitative fluorescence measurements at pH = 1 using 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) as a probe showed that the assemblies of 2–5 with β-cyclodextrin act as supramolecular hosts for ANS in water. The binding of ANS is electrostatically driven and increases for higher generations.
Clinical prediction rule for SARS-CoV-2 infection from 116 U.S. emergency departments 2-22-2021 (2021)

OBJECTIVES: Accurate and reliable criteria to rapidly estimate the probability of infection with the novel coronavirus-2 that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and associated disease (COVID-19) remain an urgent unmet need, especially in emergency care. The objective was to derive and validate a clinical prediction score for SARS-CoV-2 infection that uses simple criteria widely available at the point of care.\nMETHODS: Data came from the registry data from the national REgistry of suspected COVID-19 in EmeRgency care (RECOVER network) comprising 116 hospitals from 25 states in the US. Clinical variables and 30-day outcomes were abstracted from medical records of 19,850 emergency department (ED) patients tested for SARS-CoV-2. The criterion standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 required a positive molecular test from a swabbed sample or positive antibody testing within 30 days. The prediction score was derived from a 50% random sample (n = 9,925) using unadjusted analysis of 107 candidate variables as a screening step, followed by stepwise forward logistic regression on 72 variables.\nRESULTS: Multivariable regression yielded a 13-variable score, which was simplified to a 13-point score: +1 point each for age&gt;50 years, measured temperature&gt;37.5°C, oxygen saturation&lt;95%, Black race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, household contact with known or suspected COVID-19, patient reported history of dry cough, anosmia/dysgeusia, myalgias or fever; and -1 point each for White race, no direct contact with infected person, or smoking. In the validation sample (n = 9,975), the probability from logistic regression score produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.79-0.81), and this level of accuracy was retained across patients enrolled from the early spring to summer of 2020. In the simplified score, a score of zero produced a sensitivity of 95.6% (94.8-96.3%), specificity of 20.0% (19.0-21.0%), negative likelihood ratio of 0.22 (0.19-0.26). Increasing points on the simplified score predicted higher probability of infection (e.g., &gt;75% probability with +5 or more points).\nCONCLUSION: Criteria that are available at the point of care can accurately predict the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These criteria could assist with decisions about isolation and testing at high throughput checkpoints.
Spectral filtering and dispersion penalties associated with broad-band sources in digital broadcast video delivery (1997)

Broadcast digital video with QPSK modulation has been delivered over WDM passive optical networks by using spectral slicing of broad-band sources such as LED's. We compare a model for, and experimental measurements of, dispersion induced impairments in QPSK video transmission systems with broadband optical carriers. The model is a universal function of RF frequencies, PON fiber length, and source spectral width for any given spectral shape, and describes the functional form and major portion of the observed impairments. The system implications of spectral filtering for unamplified systems are also discussed.
Close-spaced HVSR stations and lateral resolution of subsurface structures in the Tucson Basin, Arizona (2021)

Several transects were surveyed in a groundwater project area in the NE part of the Tucson Basin, Arizona, with a passive seismic instrument. The data were processed and interpreted using the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method. The transects were about 1.2 km in length and crossed a modern ephemeral stream channel (dry wash). The local stratigraphic section has a variable thickness of Quaternary alluvium, overlying indurated clastic Pantano beds (Oligocene - early Miocene?), which in turn overlie basement gneiss. Several water wells in the area served to calibrate the average Vs (480 m/sec) to the top of the Pantano. Preliminary work revealed a 200 m wide buried channel, much wider than the modern stream channel. Depths just outside the channel were about 22 m. The paleochannel was incised about 12 meters further into the Pantano units. To better define the margins of this paleochannel, the first transect was surveyed with a nominal station spacing of about 30 meters. It revealed relatively steep channel walls, with the 12 m of relief taking place in a lateral distance of less than the station spacing. This study shows that the HVSR method can provide very good lateral resolution of subsurface structures, on the order of the station spacing or less. Further, both of the stations nearest to the channel walls along this first transect showed double spectral ratio peaks, as if two resonances were being registered, one from the layer just outside the channel, and the other from the thicker layer including the channel. The depth differences calculated for the pairs of spectral ratio peaks were 8.5 m and 12.1 m for the S and N walls, corresponding to the approximately 12 m of relief of the paleochannel. This work also showed that good HVSR readings could be made in the alluvium of the arid SW of the US, particularly in the late winter (March) when soil moisture was highest. Subsequent readings later in the year showed that ground coupling was more difficult and required more site preparation during the hot, dry months.
Fat-trees: Universal networks for hardware-efficient supercomputing (1985)

The author presents a new class of universal routing networks, called fat-trees, which might be used to interconnect the processors of a general-purpose parallel supercomputer. A fat-tree routing network is parameterized not only in the number of processors, but also in the amount of simultaneous communication it can support. Since communication can be scaled independently from the number of processors, substantial hardware can be saved for such applications as finite-element analysis without resorting to a special-purpose architecture. It is proved that a fat-tree of a given size is nearly the best routing network of that size. This universality theorem is established using a three-dimensional VLSI model that incorporates wiring as a direct cost. In this model, hardware size is measured as physical volume. It is proved that for any given amount of communications hardware, a fat-tree built from that amount of hardware can stimulate every other network built from the same amount of hardware, using only slightly more time (a polylogarithmic factor greater).
Optogenetic neuronal stimulation promotes functional recovery after stroke (2014)

Clinical and research efforts have focused on promoting functional recovery after stroke. Brain stimulation strategies are particularly promising because they allow direct manipulation of the target area's excitability. However, elucidating the cell type and mechanisms mediating recovery has been difficult because existing stimulation techniques nonspecifically target all cell types near the stimulated site. To circumvent these barriers, we used optogenetics to selectively activate neurons that express channelrhodopsin 2 and demonstrated that selective neuronal stimulations in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (iM1) can promote functional recovery. Stroke mice that received repeated neuronal stimulations exhibited significant improvement in cerebral blood flow and the neurovascular coupling response, as well as increased expression of activity-dependent neurotrophins in the contralesional cortex, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin 3. Western analysis also indicated that stimulated mice exhibited a significant increase in the expression of a plasticity marker growth-associated protein 43. Moreover, iM1 neuronal stimulations promoted functional recovery, as stimulated stroke mice showed faster weight gain and performed significantly better in sensory-motor behavior tests. Interestingly, stimulations in normal nonstroke mice did not alter motor behavior or neurotrophin expression, suggesting that the prorecovery effect of selective neuronal stimulations is dependent on the poststroke environment. These results demonstrate that stimulation of neurons in the stroke hemisphere is sufficient to promote recovery.
Theoretical Exploration of Various Lithium Peroxide Crystal Structures in a Li-Air Battery (2015)

We describe a series of metastable Li2O2 crystal structures involving different orientations and displacements of the O22− peroxy ions based on the known Li2O2 crystal structure. Within the vicinity of the chemical potential ΔG ~ 0.20 eV/Li from the thermodynamic ground state of the Li2O2 crystal structure (i.e., Föppl structure), all of these newly found metastable Li2O2 crystal structures are found to be insulating and high-k materials, and they have a common unique signature of an O22− O-O vibration mode (ω ~ 799–865 cm−1), which is in the range of that commonly observed in Li-air battery experiments, regardless of the random O22− orientations and the symmetry in the crystal lattice. From XRD patterns analysis, the commercially available Li2O2 powder is confirmed to be the thermodynamic ground state Föppl-like structure. However, for Li2O2 compounds that are grown electrochemically under the environment of Li-O2 cells, we found that the XRD patterns alone are not sufficient for structural identification of these metastable Li2O2 crystalline phases due to the poor crystallinity of the sample. In addition, the commonly known Raman signal of O22− vibration mode is also found to be insufficient to validate the possible existence of these newly predicted Li2O2 crystal structures, as all of them similarly share the similar O22− vibration mode. However considering that the discharge voltage in most Li-O2 cells are typically several tenths of an eV below the thermodynamic equilibrium for the formation of ground state Föppl structure, the formation of these metastable Li2O2 crystal structures appears to be thermodynamically feasible.
White-light sources based on wavelength converters (2006)

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Practice Variation in the Surgical Management of Urinary Lithiasis (2011)

Nonclinical factors are associated with the use of ureteroscopy or shock wave lithotripsy for initial stone management, which may reflect provider and/or patient preferences or experience. Further investigation is required to understand the impact of these outcomes on quality and cost of care.
Design space and scalability exploration of 1T-1STT MTJ memory arrays in the presence of variability and disturbances (2009)

This paper presents modeling and analysis of 1T-1MTJ STT RAM memory arrays under process variations and thermal disturbances. Bounds on the magnetic material design space for embedded applications are illustrated. Impact of relaxed timing/area and the effect of scaling for 1T-1MTJ bitcells have been evaluated.
Information Photonics: introduction (2006)

This Applied Optics Information Photonics (IP) special feature presents 14 papers that describe recent advances in the field. Information within this issue contains a representative selection of topics that were presented at the Optical Society of America Topical Meeting on Information Photonics (IP '05) as well as additional papers that were not presented at IP '05 but which were found to be relevant to IP as areas of current and future growth.
Comprehensive Medical Support in Complex Emergencies (CMSCE): pilot course review (2022)

Global threats to health and health security are growing. Fragile and failed states, armed groups, ungoverned spaces, outbreaks and potential unknown "Disease X" threats, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), hybrid and gray zone conflict all exacerbate complex medical emergencies. These growing threats increase preventable morbidity and mortality of the most vulnerable populations. In an effort to promote best practices, standardize responses, and prevent excess death and disability in these contexts, The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC), with support from multiple international partners and a volunteer facilitator faculty, administered the pilot course for military and civilian health officers involved in U.N. peacekeeping missions entitled, "Comprehensive Medical Support in Complex Emergencies (CMSCE 19)." This brief review paper provides a description of the process in designing and delivering an interdisciplinary course for providers and decision makers responding to complex emergencies. We conclude with best practices and next steps for course evolution.
Design and characterization of electrically pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (2011)

The design of electrically pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (EP-VECSELs) for high power applications require a number of optimisations in design trade-offs, mainly that of doping for improved electrical performance and optical loss. Devices with diameter greater than 70&mu;m and current spreading layer thickness of 100&mu;m suffer from non-uniform carrier injection into the active region, below this diameter output power scales linearly with device area. We show CW powers of 133mW from a 150&mu;m device with 4x10<sup>17</sup>cm<sup>-3</sup> substrate doping at 0°C can be obtained.
Improvement of Heat Resistance of Fluorosilicone Rubber Employing Vinyl-Functionalized POSS as a Chemical Crosslinking Agent (2023)

Fluorosilicone rubber (F-LSR) is a promising material that can be applied in various cutting-edge industries. However, the slightly lower thermal resistance of F-LSR compared with that of conventional PDMS is difficult to overcome by applying nonreactive conventional fillers that readily agglomerate owing to their incompatible structure. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane with vinyl groups (POSS-V) is a suitable material that may satisfy this requirement. Herein, F-LSR-POSS was prepared using POSS-V as a chemical crosslinking agent chemically bonded with F-LSR through hydrosilylation. All F-LSR-POSSs were successfully prepared and most of the POSS-Vs were uniformly dispersed in the F-LSR-POSSs, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The mechanical strength and crosslinking density of the F-LSR-POSSs were determined using a universal testing machine (UTM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. Finally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements confirmed that the low-temperature thermal properties were maintained, and the heat resistance was significantly improved compared with conventional F-LSR. Eventually, the poor heat resistance of the F-LSR was overcome with three-dimensional high-density crosslinking by introducing POSS-V as a chemical crosslinking agent, thereby expanding the potential fluorosilicone applications.