gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of CMX001 as a Prophylactic and Presymptomatic Antiviral Agent in New Zealand White Rabbits Infected with Rabbitpox Virus, a Model for Orthopoxvirus Infections of Humans (2011)

CMX001, a lipophilic nucleotide analog formed by covalently linking 3-(hexdecyloxy)propan-1-ol to cidofovir (CDV), is being developed as a treatment for smallpox. CMX001 has dramatically increased potency versus CDV against all dsDNA viruses and, in contrast to CDV, is orally available and has shown no evidence of nephrotoxicity in healthy volunteers or severely ill transplant patients to date. Although smallpox has been eliminated from the environment, treatments are urgently being sought due to the risk of smallpox being used as a bioterrorism agent and for monkeypox virus, a zoonotic disease of Africa, and adverse reactions to smallpox virus vaccinations. In the absence of human cases of smallpox, new treatments must be tested for efficacy in animal models. Here we first review and discuss the rabbitpox virus (RPV) infection of New Zealand White rabbits as a model for smallpox to test the efficacy of CMX001 as a prophylactic and early disease antiviral. Our results should also be applicable to monkeypox virus infections and for treatment of adverse reactions to smallpox vaccination.
New resolution enhancement technology for manufacturing sub-100-nm technology (2002)

Due to delays in the development of next generation lithography (NGL), extension of optical lithography has become the major trend in semiconductor manufacturing. As a result, various resolution enhancement techniques (RET's) are under development, especially for sub-100 nm node patterning. This paper introduces a concept of 100% transmission PSM (Chrome-Less Mask: CLM) for resolving some problems associated with previous approaches that used transparent phase-shift mask. This CLM technology has advantages for simple fabrication and high performance due to its improved resolution limit. However, owing to limited mask manufacturability and lack of proper techniques for converting the layout coupled with required illumination conditions, CLM application in real device is still in the development stage. Proper mask making technology in particular is a major issue. In this paper, we cover mask- making process, especially the quartz dry etch and defect engineering. With this mask-making technology, we made a test mask and evaluated its optical performance. It gave us enough depth of focus comparable to 8% att.PSM. We are going to evaluate the possibility of full chip application in our next experiment.
Rectus Abdominis ElectroMyoGraphy and MechanoMyoGraphy comparison for the detection of cough (2010)

We recently developed a novel active implant for the treatment of severe stress urinary incontinence. This innovative medical device has been developed with the main purpose of reducing the mean urethral occlusive pressure of the current prosthesis. This goal is achieved by detecting circumstances implying either high or low intra-abdominal pressures by a single 3-axis accelerometer. In fact, posture and activity of the patient are monitored in real time. We investigated in this study the possibility of detecting cough events (one of the main causes of urine loss in incontinent patient) by MechanoMyoGraphy (MMG) of the Rectus Abdominis (RA) using the same accelerometer. We compared MMG signal detection characteristics (burst onset times and RMS values) to the method of reference, the ElectroMyoGraphy (EMG). It is shown that detection of cough effort by MMG presents lower performances, mostly in terms of cough anticipation, than EMG detection. However, MMG still remains a good option for an implantable system comparing to implantable EMG disadvantages.
Disulfides and Boryl Sulfides Serve as both Initiators and Precatalysts in Radical Reductions of Halides by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene⋅Borane (2013)

Abstract Diphenyl disulfide (PhSSPh), a typical boryl monosulfide (di i Pr‐Imd‐BH 2 SPh) and a typical boryl bis‐sulfide [diMe‐Imd‐BH(SPh) 2 ] all serve as both initiators and precatalysts in the reduction of alkyl and aryl halides by readily available 1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene⋅borane (diMe‐Imd‐BH 3 ). The reactions are suggested to occur by a polarity reverse catalysis mechanism where in situ generated thiophenol is the active catalyst. magnified image
Indolylarylsulfones as HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: New Cyclic Substituents at Indole-2-carboxamide (2011)

New indolylarylsulfone derivatives bearing cyclic substituents at indole-2-carboxamide linked through a methylene/ethylene spacer were potent inhibitors of the WT HIV-1 replication in CEM and PBMC cells with inhibitory concentrations in the low nanomolar range. Against the mutant L100I and K103N RT HIV-1 strains in MT-4 cells, compounds 20, 24-26, 36, and 40 showed antiviral potency superior to that of NVP and EFV. Against these mutant strains, derivatives 20, 24-26, and 40 were equipotent to ETV. Molecular docking experiments on this novel series of IAS analogues have also suggested that the H-bond interaction between the nitrogen atom in the carboxamide chain of IAS and Glu138:B is important in the binding of these compounds. These results are in accordance with the experimental data obtained on the WT and on the mutant HIV-1 strains tested.
Kinetics and mechanism of ligand substitution reactions of pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes with bridging N-heterocyclic dications in aqueous media (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of ligand substitution reactions of pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes with bridging N-heterocyclic dications in aqueous mediaDaniel A. Foucher, Donal H. Macartney, Lauren J. Warrack, and John P. WilsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 16, 3425–3432Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00068a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00068a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF THE DECARBOXYLATIVE DIMERIZATION OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE TO DIMETHYLMALEIC ANHYDRIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF 2‐AMINOPYRIDINE (1985)

Abstract Das aus (1) und (II) über das instabile Amidsäuresalz (III) entstehende Imidazopyrimidin (IV) liegt als 1:1‐Gemisch mit seinem Tautomer (V) vor (RG der Gemischkristalle: P" Z=2) und bildet durch Michael‐Addition die Tricarbonsäure (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Substituted Nitriles by Oxidative Cleavage of Aldehyde SAMP‐Hydrazones with Magnesium Monoperoxyphthalate. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multiple aggregated control URIs for RTSP (2009)

RTSP defines the setup and control for on demand and live streaming
media sessions, which are delivered via an external media transport
protocol such as RTP/UDP. RTSP does not define a mechanism to change
the content during an on-going streaming session. Such a mechanism
improves the streaming experience when a user browses through multiple
offerings on a single streaming site. This document describes several
methods to improve content switching. The basic principle is to re-use
already established transport sessions (e.g. RTP/UDP sessions) and
negotiate new content to be delivered on the existing sessions. If
additional transport sessions are necessary, those sessions are
established separately. This principle of re-using the RTSP control
and transport sessions decreases the content switch delay to a large
extent and improves the end-user experience. The present document
defines a mechanism for switching to new content, both when the client
already has the content description available and when it does not.
This document additionally considers switching of a single media
stream in a session, when several alternative media components are
available. For instance, the content may provide several alternate
audio tracks in different languages to be played with a single video
stream. The principle of Fast Content Switching and Start-up is also
defined in 3GPP TS 26.234 [3GPP.26.234] for RTSP 1.0 [RFC2326].
O4‐05‐03: TAU PATHOLOGY REDUCTION WITH SM07883, A NOVEL, POTENT, AND SELECTIVE ORAL DYRK1A INHIBITOR: A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2018)

Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase-1A (DYRK1a) overexpression in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is correlated to Tau hyperphosphorylation, formation of oligomers, and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation. This study assessed the potential of SM07883, an oral DYRK1a inhibitor, to inhibit Tau hyperphosphorylation, aggregation, NFT formation, and associated functional phenotypes, in mouse models. Glial activation was also analyzed to assess potential impact on neuroinflammation. SM07883 selectivity and potency was evaluated in kinase panels and Tau phosphorylation (pTau) was measured in cell-based assays. SM07883 pharmacodynamics were measured in wild type (WT) mice. To assess long-term efficacy, pTau, oligomeric and aggregated Tau were biochemically quantified in brain stems and spinal cords from ten-month-old JNPL3 mice (P301L human Tau overexpression mutation) treated with SM07883 or vehicle (3mg/kg, QD, 3 months). NFT-containing cells were detected and quantified by immunostaining. Astrocyte activation was assessed using glial fibrillary associated protein (GFAP) staining with Western Blot quantification. Motor coordination was evaluated biweekly using a wire hanging test. SM07883 selectively and potently inhibited DYRK1a kinase activity (IC50 = 2nM). In cells, SM07883 reduced pTau at the Threonine 212 site (EC50 = 16nM). In pharmacokinetic studies, SM07883 demonstrated good exposure across multiple species (mouse brain : plasma ratio > 3). Compared to vehicle, WT mice showed a dose dependent reduction of transiently induced brain pTau in a pharmacodynamic model starting with a single, 1.25mg/kg SM07883 dose (47%, p=0.0002). JNPL3 mice treated with SM07883 demonstrated significant (p<0.05) reductions in Tau hyperphosphorylation, oligomeric and aggregated Tau, and significantly lower NFT staining compared to vehicle. Reduced GFAP immunoreactivity was confirmed by Western Blotting (37%, p=0.0010). SM07883 was well tolerated with weight gain over the 3 month treatment period and reduced morbidity and mortality in treated animals compared to vehicle. Motor function in the wire hanging test was significantly improved in SM07883-treated JNPL3 mice compared to vehicle (p=0.034) starting 5 weeks after treatment initiation. SM07883, a selective and potent, oral, brain-penetrant, DYRK1a inhibitor significantly reduced Tau phosphorylation, the effects of pathological Tau overexpression, and neuroinflammation, and improved functional endpoints compared to vehicle. SM07883 has potential as a treatment for chronic tauopathies such as AD.
The presence of spontaneous portosystemic shunts increases the risk of ă complications after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) ă placement (2016)

Purpose: The goal of this study was to identify clinical and imaging ă variables that are associated with an unfavorable outcome during the 30 ă days following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) ă placement. ă Material and methods: Fifty-four consecutive patients with liver ă cirrhosis (Child-Pugh 6-13, Model for End-stage Liver Disease 7-26) ă underwent TIPS placement for refractory ascites (n = 25), recurrent or ă uncontrolled variceal bleeding (n = 23) or both (n = 6). Clinical, ă biological and imaging variables including type of stent (covered n = ă 40; bare-stent n = 14), presence of spontaneous portosystemic shunt (n = ă 31), and variations in portosystemic pressure gradient were recorded. ă Early severe complication was defined as the occurrence of overt hepatic ă encephalopathy or death within the 30 days following TIPS placement. ă Results: Sixteen patients (30%) presented with early severe ă complication after TIPS placement. Child-Pugh score was independently ă associated with complication (HR = 1.52, P
Data protection-compliant broad consent for secondary use of health care data and human biosamples for (bio)medical research: towards a new German national standard (2021)

Background: The secondary use of deidentified but not anonymized patient data is a promising approach for enabling precision medicine and learning health care systems. In most national jurisdictions (e.g., in Europe and North America), this type of secondary use requires patient consent. While various ethical, legal, and technical analyses have stressed the opportunities and challenges for different types of consent over the past decade, no country has yet established a national consent standard accepted by the relevant authorities.Methods: A working group of the national Medical Informatics Initiative in Germany conducted a requirements analysis and developed a GDPR-compliant broad consent standard involving all relevant stakeholder groups and authorities.Results: This paper presents the broad consent text together with a guidance document on mandatory safeguards for broad consent implementation. The mandatory safeguards comprise i) independent review of individual research projects, ii) organizational measures to protect patients from involuntary disclosure of protected information, and iii) comprehensive information for patients and public transparency. This paper further describes the key issues discussed with the relevant authorities, especially the position on additional or alternative consent approaches such as dynamic consent.Discussion: Both the resulting broad consent text and the national consensus process are relevant for similar activities internationally. A key challenge of aligning consent documents with the various stakeholders was explaining and justifying the decision to use broad consent and the decision against using alternative models such as dynamic consent. Public transparency for all secondary use projects and their results emerged as a key factor in this justification. While currently largely limited to academic medicine in Germany, the first steps for extending this broad consent approach to wider areas of application, including smaller institutions and medical practices, are currently under consideration.
5‑Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron improves glucose tolerance in high‑fat diet‑fed mice via upregulation of glucose transporter 1 (2021)

Decreased mitochondrial metabolism suppresses glucose metabolism, resulting in obesity and diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying the 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) hydrochloride-mediated increase in glucose uptake in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice <i>in vivo</i> and C2C12 myotube cells <i>in vitro</i>. C57BL/6N male mice (20 weeks old) were fed either HFD or normal diet (ND) for 4 weeks. A total of five HFD-fed mice were orally administered with 300 mg/kg 5-ALA hydrochloride and 47.1 mg/kg sodium ferrous citrate (SFC; HFD + 5-ALA/SFC), whereas ND and other HFD-fed mice were orally administered with saline. After 4 weeks, these mice were intraperitoneally administered with 2 g/kg glucose and 3.2 mg/kg 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) for intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and glucose uptake test. Body weights, plasma glucose levels and the area under the curve of IPGTT were lower in mice treated with HFD + 5-ALA/SFC compared with in those treated with HFD alone. 2DG uptake in the gastrocnemius muscle and heart were more significantly improved in the HFD + 5-ALA/SFC mice compared with the HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, 5-ALA/SFC increased 2DG uptake in C2C12 cells to a similar level to the insulin-treated group. Moreover, it increased glucose transport (GLUT)1 translocation in the plasma membrane by 2.5-fold relative to the controls without affecting GLUT1 expression; however, it had no effect on GLUT4 translocation. Therefore, 5-ALA/SFC enhanced gastrocnemius and cardiac glucose uptake in HFD-fed mice, and upregulated GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane, but not GLUT4 in C2C12 myotube cells. Therefore, it could potentially be used as a novel drug for the treatment of diabetes.
A Case-Management System for Coronary Risk Factor Modification after Acute Myocardial Infarction (1994)

In a large health maintenance organization, a case-management system was considerably more effective than usual medical care for modification of coronary risk factors after myocardial infarction.
Study of Ren, RexA, and RexB Functions Provides Insight Into the Complex Interaction Between Bacteriophage λ and Its Host, Escherichia coli (2022)

The phage λ <i>rexA</i> and <i>rexB</i> genes are expressed from the <i>P</i> <sub>RM</sub> promoter in λ lysogens along with the <i>c</i>I repressor gene. <i>RexB</i> is also expressed from a second promoter, <i>P</i> <sub>LIT</sub>, embedded in <i>rexA</i>. The combined expression of <i>rexA</i> and <i>rexB</i> causes <i>Escherichia coli</i> to be more ultraviolet (UV) sensitive. Sensitivity is further increased when RexB levels are reduced by a defect in the <i>P</i> <sub>LIT</sub> promoter, thus the degree of sensitivity can be modulated by the ratio of RexA/RexB. Expression of the phage λ <i>ren</i> gene rescues this host UV sensitive phenotype; Ren also rescues an aberrant lysis phenotype caused by RexA and RexB. We screened an <i>E. coli</i> two-hybrid library to identify bacterial proteins with which each of these phage proteins physically interact. The results extend previous observations concerning λ Rex exclusion and show the importance of <i>E. coli</i> electron transport and sulfur assimilation pathways for the phage.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Phase II Study of Onartuzumab Plus Bevacizumab Versus Placebo Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma: Efficacy, Safety, and Hepatocyte Growth Factor and O 6 -Methylguanine–DNA Methyltransferase Biomarker Analyses (2017)

Purpose Bevacizumab regimens are approved for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma in many countries. Aberrant mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) expression has been reported in glioblastoma and may contribute to bevacizumab resistance. The phase II study GO27819 investigated the monovalent MET inhibitor onartuzumab plus bevacizumab (Ona + Bev) versus placebo plus bevacizumab (Pla + Bev) in recurrent glioblastoma. Methods At first recurrence after chemoradiation, bevacizumab-naïve patients with glioblastoma were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive Ona (15 mg/kg, once every 3 weeks) + Bev (15 mg/kg, once every 3 weeks) or Pla + Bev until disease progression. The primary end point was progression-free survival by response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria. Secondary end points were overall survival, objective response rate, duration of response, and safety. Exploratory biomarker analyses correlated efficacy with expression levels of MET ligand hepatocyte growth factor, O<sup>6</sup>-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation, and glioblastoma subtype. Results Among 129 patients enrolled (Ona + Bev, n = 64; Pla + Bev, n = 65), baseline characteristics were balanced. The median progression-free survival was 3.9 months for Ona + Bev versus 2.9 months for Pla + Bev (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.56; P = .7444). The median overall survival was 8.8 months for Ona + Bev and 12.6 months for Pla + Bev (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.88 to 2.37; P = .1389). Grade ≥ 3 adverse events were reported in 38.5% of patients who received Ona + Bev and 35.9% of patients who received Pla + Bev. Exploratory biomarker analyses suggested that patients with high expression of hepatocyte growth factor or unmethylated O<sup>6</sup>-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase may benefit from Ona + Bev. Conclusion There was no evidence of further clinical benefit with the addition of onartuzumab to bevacizumab compared with bevacizumab plus placebo in unselected patients with recurrent glioblastoma in this phase II study; however, further investigation into biomarker subgroups is warranted.
The B-DNA Dodecamer at High Resolution Reveals a Spine of Water on Sodium, (1998)

We describe a very accurate addition (called structure X here) to the B-DNA dodecamer family of X-ray structures. Our results confirm the observation of Drew and Dickerson [(1981) J. Mol. Biol. 151, 535-556] that the spine of hydration in AT tract DNA is two layers deep. However, our results suggest that the primary spine is partially occupied by sodium ions. We suggest that many sequence-dependent features of DNA conformation are mediated by site specific binding of cations. For example, preferential localization of cations, as described here within the minor groove of structure X, is probably the structural origin of AT tract bending and groove narrowing. The secondary spine, which does not interact directly with the DNA, is as geometrically regular as the primary spine, providing a model for transmission of sequence information into solvent regions. A fully hydrated magnesium ion located in the major groove of structure X appears to pull cytosine bases partially out from the helical stack, exposing pi-systems to partial positive charges of the magnesium ion and its outer sphere. A partially ordered spermine molecule is located within the major groove of structure X. Dodecamer structures are derived from crystals of [d(CGCGAATTCGCG)]2 in space group P212121 (a = 25 A, b = 40 A, and c = 66 A). On average, those crystals diffracted to around 2.5 A resolution with 2500 unique reflections. Structure X, with the same space group, DNA sequence, and crystal form as the "Dickerson dodecamer", is refined against a complete, low-temperature, 1.4 A resolution data set, with over 11000 reflections. Structure X appears to be conformationally more ordered than previous structures, suggesting that at least a portion of the conformational heterogeneity previously attributed to DNA sequence in fact arises from experimental error.
Endogenous susceptibility contrast in myocardium during apnea measured using gradient recalled echo planar imaging (1993)

Gradient recalled echo planar imaging was used to monitor changes in myocardial and left ventricular chamber blood intensity during apnea in rats. Significant signal loss in both blood (to 62 +/- 5% and 51 +/- 6% of baseline) and myocardium (to 79 +/- 2% and 76 +/- 3% of baseline) was observed at 45 and 90 s apnea while O2 saturation decreased from 98 +/- 1% to 62 +/- 7% and 36 +/- 9%, respectively. These results show that myocardial intensity is modulated by alterations in blood oxygenation.