gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biohybrid Actuators for Soft Robotics: Challenges in Scaling Up (2020)

Living systems have evolved to survive in a wide range of environments and safely interact with other objects and organisms. Thus, living systems have been the source of inspiration for many researchers looking to apply their mechanics and unique characteristics in engineering robotics. Moving beyond bioinspiration, biohybrid actuators, with compliance and self-healing capabilities enabled by living cells or tissue interfaced with artificial structures, have drawn great interest as ways to address challenges in soft robotics, and in particular have seen success in small-scale robotic actuation. However, macro-scale biohybrid actuators beyond the centimeter scale currently face many practical obstacles. In this perspective, we discuss the challenges in scaling up biohybrid actuators and the path to realize large-scale biohybrid soft robotics.
Vertical GaN Junction Barrier Schottky Diodes (2016)

Vertical GaN junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes are demonstrated. The JBS p-type grid was formed by Mg-implantation into a 10 μm thick unintentionally doped GaN homoepitaxial drift layer, grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Then, symmetrical multi-cycle rapid thermal annealing (SMRTA) repaired implantation damage and activated the Mg ions. This process includes deposition of an AlN capping layer, annealing in a nitrogen overpressure, and rapid heating and cooling pulsed annealing. In addition, PiN diodes and Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were fabricated on the same substrate for comparison. The JBS diode demonstrates forward conduction characteristics dominated by the Schottky barrier (turn-on voltage ∼0.5 V), and reverse breakdown voltage comparable to the PiN diode (−610 V).
Conducting IPN actuator/sensor for biomimetic vibrissa system (2014)

Electroactive polymers, or EAPs, are polymers that exhibit a change in size or shape when stimulated by an electric field. The most common applications of this type of material are in actuators and sensors. One promising technology is the elaboration of electronic conducting polymers based actuators with Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) architecture. Their many advantageous properties as low working voltage, light weight and high lifetime make them very attractive for various applications including robotics. Conducting IPNs were fabricated by oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene within a flexible Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPE) combining poly(ethylene oxide) and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber. SPE mechanical properties and ionic conductivities in the presence of 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide (EMITFSI) have been characterized. The presence of the elastomer within the SPE greatly improves the actuator performances. The free strain as well as the blocking force was characterized as a function of the actuator length. The sensing properties of those conducting IPNs allow their integration into a biomimetic perception prototype: a system mimicking the tactile perception of rat vibrissae.
Planar bulk InP avalanche photodiode design for 2.5 and 10 Gb/s applications (2002)

We present a versatile design for a planar bulk-InP avalanche photodiode suitable for 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s applications. Device processing similar to that of p-i-n diodes results in sub-nA dark current, high bandwidth, and high reliability with edge breakdown controlled by shaping of the diffusion profile and floating guard rings.
Specific Binding at the Cellulose Binding Module–Cellulose Interface Observed by Force Spectroscopy (2015)

The need for effective enzymatic depolymerization of cellulose has stimulated an interest in interactions between protein and cellulose. Techniques utilized for quantitative measurements of protein-cellulose noncovalent association include microgravimetry, calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), none of which differentiate between specific protein-cellulose binding and nonspecific adhesion. Here, we describe an AFM approach that differentiates nonspecific from specific interactions between cellulose-binding modules (CBMs) and cellulose. We demonstrate that the "mismatched" interaction between murine galectin-3, a lectin with no known affinity for cellulose, and cellulose shows molecular recognition force microscopy profiles similar to those observed during the interaction of a "matched" clostridial CBM3a with the same substrate. We also examine differences in binding probabilities and rupture profiles during CBM-cellulose binding experiments in the presence and absence of a blocking agent-a substrate specific for CBM that presumably blocks binding sites. By comparison of the behavior of the two proteins, we separate specific (i.e., blockable) and nonspecific adhesion events and show that both classes of interaction exhibit nearly identical rupture forces (45 pN at ∼0.4 nN/s). Our work provides an important caveat for the interpretation of protein-carbohydrate binding by force spectroscopy; delineation of the importance of such interactions to other classes of binding warrants further study.
Incompatibility of Nucleus and Mitochondria Causes Xenomitochondrial Cybrid Unviable Across Human, Mouse, and Pig Cells (2014)

The nucleus and mitochondria are on correlative dependence; they interact in the process of protein transportation and energy metabolism. The compatibility of nucleus and mitochondria is essential for interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) and xenomitochondrial cybrid. In order to test the compatibility of nucleus and mitochondria among human, mouse, and pig cells, we compared the performances of cybrids that fused inter- and intra-species. The ρ0 cells from human and pig cell lines were created as nucleus donors which were transfected with GFP-neo for cell selective system in advance, and mitochondria donor cells were labeled by Mitochondria-RFP. Human and mouse platelets were also used as a mitochondrial donor. Results indicated that all interspecies cybrids declined to die in 2-4 d after the cell fusion in the selection medium, while intraspecies cybrid cells survived and formed stable clones. As a conclusion, the incompatibility between nucleus and mitochondria is the critical factor for the formation of interspecies cybrids.
Benchmarking the device performance at sub 22 nm node technologies using an SoC framework (2009)

For the first time this paper makes an attempt at predicting the System-on-Chip (SoC) performance (i.e. logic, SRAM, ESD and I/O) of various sub 20 nm channel length planar and non-planar SOI devices using extensive & well calibrated 3D device and mixed-mode TCAD simulations. It has been shown that the non-planar devices such as FinFETs are not the ideal choice for SoC applications and perform poorly in comparison to the Ultra thin body (UTB) planar SOI MOSFETs. We further show different strategies to optimize the planar UTB MOSFETs for improved ESD robustness and I/O performance.
Supplementary Materials, Figure Legends 1-6, Tables 1-5 from NVP-AUY922: A Novel Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Active against Xenograft Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Materials, Figure Legends 1-6, Tables 1-5 from NVP-AUY922: A Novel Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Active against Xenograft Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis
ORAL POSTER 1: Impact of Transdermal Oxybutynin on Sexual Function in Patients With Overactive Bladder: Results From the Matrix Study (2006)

1Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; 2Watson Laboratories, Morristown, NJ Disclosure - Consultant, Advisory Board: Peter Sand, Watson Pharma, Inc; employee: Marilyn McIlwain, Watson Laboratories.
Sporadic melanotic schwannoma with overlapping features of melanocytoma bearing a GNA11 mutation in an adolescent girl (2016)

Melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a soft tissue neoplasm that shares histologic features with melanocytic tumors and schwannomas. A type of MS, called psammomatous MS (PMS), is associated with Carney complex (CNC), which is caused by PRKAR1A mutations. Other pigmented neoplasms, such as uveal melanomas and melanocytomas (MCs), are associated with genetic defects in other genes including GNA11. We report an adolescent female with a large sporadic mesenteric MS with complex histologic findings reminiscent of both PMS and MC. The lesion carried a mutation of the GNA11 gene. We conclude that sporadic MSs may occur rarely in adolescents without CNC; MSs may also be associated with somatic GNA11 mutations.
Localisation of the gene for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy to the distal long arm of the X chromosome. (1986)

The linkage relationships of the gene for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy have been analysed in a large American kindred using DNA probes from different regions of the X chromosome. Close linkage was found with the locus for factor VIII, with no recombinants in 12 opportunities (maximum lod score 4.3), and with locus DXS15 (two recombinants in 17 opportunities, maximum lod score 2.9 at 0 = 10 cM). No linkage was found with probes pERT87 and 754, which are closely linked to Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies at Xp21. These results confirm a separate localisation on the distal part of the long arm at q27-28 for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and should provide the basis for prenatal diagnosis and improved carrier detection in this disorder if the linkage is confirmed to be close.
Niobium phosphates as new highly selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (2011)

Several niobium phosphate phases have been prepared, fully characterized and tested as catalysts for the selective oxidation of ethane to ethylene. Three distinct niobium phosphate catalysts were prepared, and each was comprised predominantly of a different bulk phase, namely Nb(2)P(4)O(15), NbOPO(4) and Nb(1.91)P(2.82)O(12). All of the niobium phosphate catalysts showed high selectivity towards ethylene, but the best catalyst was Nb(1.91)P(2.82)O(12), which was produced from the reduction of niobium oxide phosphate (NbOPO(4)) by hydrogen. It was particularly selective for ethylene, giving ca. 95% selectivity at 5% conversion, decreasing to ca. 90% at 15% conversion, and only produced low levels of carbon oxides. It was also determined that the only primary product from ethane oxidation over this catalyst was ethylene. Catalyst activity also increased with time-on-line, and this behaviour was ascribed to an increase of the concentration of the Nb(1.91)P(2.82)O(12) phase, as partially transformed NbOPO(4), formed during preparation, was converted to Nb(1.91)P(2.82)O(12) during use. Catalysts with predominant phases of Nb(2)P(4)O(15) and NbOPO(4) also showed appreciable activity and selectivities to ethylene with values around 75% and 85% respectively at 5% ethane conversion. The presence of phosphorous is required to achieve high ethylene selectivity, as orthorhombic and monoclinic Nb(2)O(5) catalysts showed similar activity, but displayed selectivities to ethylene that were <20% under the same reaction conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that niobium phosphates have been shown to be highly selective catalysts for the oxidation of ethane to ethylene, and demonstrates that they are worthy candidates for further study.
Abstract LB-A20: Novel Dual Oncogenic Target Inhibitor against Allosteric Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MEK1) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) (2015)

Abstract The Ras/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTor pathways play a central role in the regulation of normal cell growth, division and differentiation. Dysregulation of these signaling pathways driven by oncogenic mutations/activation leading to elevated kinase activity has been demonstrated in many human cancers. Strong evidence suggests the existence of a feedback loop with crosstalk between these two signaling cascades leading to redundancy in survival pathways. Consequently, monotherapy targeting a single cascade may be insufficient to induce tumor cell death due to drug resistance mechanisms. Initial biological results are presented from a series of novel small molecule kinase inhibitors specifically designed to simultaneously target both MEK1 and PI3K. Structural analogs of the ATP-competitive PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 and the ATP-noncompetitive class of MEK inhibitors PD0325901, respectively, were covalently combined to provide single compound dual inhibitors. Inhibitors showed potent MEK1 inhibition (0.015 &amp;lt; IC50 (nM) &amp;lt; 56.7) and PI3K inhibition (54 &amp;lt; IC50 (nM) &amp;lt; 341) in tumor cell culture inhibition assays. Cellular efficacy studies were accomplished and revealed several of the designed inhibitor analogs demonstrated near complete inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K kinase activity by western blot analysis in A549 lung adenocarcinoma and D54 glioma cell lines at concentrations as low as 5 μM. Inhibitors also produced dose-dependent decreases in cell viability in these cell lines similar to that displayed with the combined administration of equivalent doses of ZSTK474 and PD0325901. In vivo evaluation of selected compounds was undertaken to evaluate oral bioavailability and activity. In preliminary studies conducted in D54 glioma tumor bearing mice, a 95% and 67% inhibition of tumor ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, respectively, was found at 2 h post-administration as determined by western blot analysis. This study reveals that dual targeted small molecules designed to inhibit MEK1/PI3K pathways were effective in target modulation in intact mouse tumor models. Overall, this study details a highly novel approach for combined MEK1/PI3K inhibition with first in vivo results. Citation Format: Brian D. Ross, Hao Hong, Hanxiao Wang, Charles A, Nino, Marcian E. Van Dort. Novel Dual Oncogenic Target Inhibitor against Allosteric Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MEK1) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-A20.
Clinical Translation of Tethered Confocal Microscopy Capsule for Unsedated Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis (2018)

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a widely used procedure, posing significant financial burden on both healthcare systems and patients. Moreover, EGD is time consuming, sometimes difficult to tolerate, and suffers from an imperfect diagnostic yield as the limited number of collected biopsies does not represent the whole organ. In this paper, we report on technological and clinical feasibility of a swallowable tethered endomicroscopy capsule, which is administered without sedation, to image large regions of esophageal and gastric mucosa at the cellular level. To demonstrate imaging capabilities, we conducted a human pilot study (n = 17) on Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) patients and healthy volunteers from which representative cases are presented and discussed. Results indicate that, compared to endoscopic biopsy, unsedated tethered capsule endomicroscopy obtains orders of magnitude more cellular information while successfully resolving characteristic tissue microscopic features such as stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria papillae, intraepithelial eosinophils, and gastric cardia and body/fundic mucosa epithelia. Based on the major import of whole organ, cellular-level microscopy to obviate sampling error and the clear cost and convenience advantages of unsedated procedure, we believe that this tool has the potential to become a simpler and more effective device for diagnosing and monitoring the therapeutic response of EoE and other esophageal diseases.
High-throughput screening of solid-state catalysts for nerve agent degradation (2018)

A high-throughput screening (HTS) method was devised to increase the rate of discovery and evaluation of nerve agent degradation catalysts. Using this HTS method, >90 solid state materials, predominantly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), were analyzed for their ability to hydrolyze the nerve agent simulant methyl paraoxon at two pH values (8.0 and 10.0).
Tightly confining waveguide for cold atom interferometry (2002)

Summary form only given. The integration of atom optics components on a small surface may lead to many new experiments exploring the boundaries of quantum mechanics. Coherent transport of atoms is a key ingredient, and for this reason many groups are developing magnetic waveguides for cold atoms. So far the confinement in these guides is rather poor, resulting in the population of many transverse modes. Typically 10 Gauss over 100 /spl mu/m gives a mode spacing of 40 kHz for Cs atoms. We have developed a new magnetic waveguide, based on ferromagnetic material. At saturation the surface-field is 1 Tesla, which can be applied over a 10 /spl mu/m distance corresponding to a mode spacing of 18 MHz. We use a sandwich of mu-metal and copper sheets to generate a magnetic field. An electrical current of up to 5 A is running through the copper, encircling the mu-metal sheet. This induces an upward or downward field in the mu-metal, similar to a solenoid with a ferromagnetic core. Thin kapton sheets are used to provide electrical isolation.
A Miniaturized (100 µm x 100 µm) 45 kHz Aluminum Nitride Ultrasonic Transducer for Airborne Communication and Powering (2019)

We report on the demonstration of a highly compact (100 μm x 100 μm) piezoelectric nanoscale ultrasonic transducer (pNUT) characterized by an extremely thin (≈100 nm) aluminum nitride (AlN) active layer and designed to operate in the low ultrasounds frequency range (40 kHz). We analyze the pNUT response by means of an equivalent circuit model and compare it to the measured response of the pNUT to ultrasounds excitation.
In situ redox functionalization of composite electrodes for high power–high energy electrochemical storage systems via a non-covalent approach (2011)

The growing demand for new global resources of clean and sustainable energy emerges as the greatest challenge in today's society. For numerous applications such as hybrid vehicles, electrochemical storage systems simultaneously require high energy and high power. For this reason, intensive researches focus on proposing alternative devices to conventional Li battery and supercapacitors. Here, we report a proof of concept based on non-covalent redox functionalization of composite electrodes that may occur either during the calendar life or during the device functioning. The active material, a multi-redox pyrene derivative, is initially contained in the electrolyte. No additional benchmarking step is therefore required, and it can, in principle, be readily applied to any type of composite electrode (supercapacitors, battery, semi-solid flow celletc.). Accordingly, a practical carbon fiber electrode that is 10 mg cm−2 loaded can deliver up to 130 kW kgelectrode−1 and 130 Wh kgelectrode−1 with negligible capacity loss over the first 60 000 charge/discharge cycles.
Edge aware disparity estimation for intermediate view synthesis (2013)

In this paper we present a new local and multiscale disparity estimation algorithm. Results show that the proposed method can preserve arbitrarily shaped depth discontinuities. Some results obtained from this method are shown as depth maps and synthetic views produced using the estimated disparity maps.
Supplementary Tables S3-S8 from Genomic and Functional Fidelity of Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S3-S8&lt;/p&gt;
Adsorption of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate at the Hydrophobic Solid/Aqueous Solution Interface in the Presence of Poly(ethylene glycol):  Dependence upon Polymer Molecular Weight (2006)

The polar orientation and degree of conformational order of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) adsorbed at the hydrophobic octadecanethiol/aqueous solution interface in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been investigated as a function of the surfactant concentration and the molecular weight of the polymer. Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was employed to obtain spectra of interfacial surfactant; weak SFG signals from interfacial polymer were also detected for polymer molecular weights of 900 and above. The phase of the SFG spectra indicated that both the surfactant and polymer had a net orientation of their CH2 and/or CH3 groups toward the hydrophobic surface. Spectra of SDS in the presence of mixed polymer/surfactant solutions showed increasing conformational order as the surfactant concentration was raised. At the lowest surfactant concentrations, the spectra of SDS were weaker in the presence of the polymer than in its absence. All PEG molecular weights investigated, with the exception of PEG 400, gave rise to significant inhibition of ordered surfactant adsorption below the critical micelle concentration. The greatest inhibitory effect was noted for PEG 900. Probing interfacial PEG specifically through the use of perdeuterated SDS revealed that the polymer spectral intensity decreased monotonically as the surfactant concentration was increased for all polymer molecular weights where a PEG spectrum was apparent. These findings are interpreted in terms of the displacement of preadsorbed polymer as the surfactant concentration increases. This result is compatible with observations of adsorption from SDS/PEG solutions at solid/solution and solution/air interfaces made using other techniques.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Network Analysis Identifies an HSP90-Central Hub Susceptible in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 78KB, Drug sensitization summary for HCT116 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Dominant negative MORT1/FADD rescues mice from CD95 and TNF-induced liver failure (2003)

Derangement of the apoptotic program is considered an important cause of liver disease. It became clear that receptor-mediated apoptosis is of specific interest in this context, and CD95 and CD120a, both members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, are the most prominent cell death receptors involved. The death signal is induced upon ligand binding by recruitment of caspases via the adapter molecule MORT1/FADD to the receptor and their subsequent activation. To investigate the role of MORT1/FADD in hepatocyte apoptosis, we generated transgenic mice expressing liver-specific dominant negative mutant. Mice looked grossly normal; breeding and liver development were not different compared with wild-type littermates. Expression of the transgene completely protected animals from liver failure induced by the anti-Fas antibody Jo2, whereas control animals died as expected 3 to 6 hours after i.p. injection of 15 microg antibody from acute hemorrhagic liver failure. Histology demonstrated only moderate inflammatory changes in the transgenic animals, whereas severe hemorrhagic hepatitis was observed in controls. Similar results were obtained in a model of TNF-mediated liver failure, in which transgenic animals survived significantly better than wild-type animals. In conclusion, our experiments provide evidence that MORT1/FADD is indispensable for Fas and TNF-mediated hepatic injury. This is not only of great importance for targeting future therapies for liver disease but might also serve as an intriguing model to study other causes of liver injury.