gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patellofemoral cartilage stresses are most sensitive to variations in vastus medialis muscle forces (2018)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of variations in quadriceps muscle forces on patellofemoral stress. We created subject-specific finite element models for 21 individuals with chronic patellofemoral pain and 16 pain-free control subjects. We extracted three-dimensional geometries from high resolution magnetic resonance images and registered the geometries to magnetic resonance images from an upright weight bearing squat with the knees flexed at 60°. We estimated quadriceps muscle forces corresponding to 60° knee flexion during a stair climb task from motion analysis and electromyography-driven musculoskeletal modelling. We applied the quadriceps muscle forces to our finite element models and evaluated patellofemoral cartilage stress. We quantified cartilage stress using an energy-based effective stress, a scalar quantity representing the local stress intensity in the tissue. We used probabilistic methods to evaluate the effects of variations in quadriceps muscle forces from five trials of the stair climb task for each subject. Patellofemoral effective stress was most sensitive to variations in forces in the two branches of the vastus medialis muscle. Femur cartilage effective stress was most sensitive to variations in vastus medialis forces in 29/37 (78%) subjects, and patella cartilage effective stress was most sensitive to variations in vastus medialis forces in 21/37 (57%) subjects. Femur cartilage effective stress was more sensitive to variations in vastus medialis longus forces in subjects classified as maltrackers compared to normal tracking subjects (p = 0.006). This study provides new evidence of the importance of the vastus medialis muscle in the treatment of patellofemoral pain.
Prophylactic treatment of rapamycin ameliorates naturally developing and episode -induced heterotopic ossification in mice expressing human mutant ACVR1 (2020)

Our study suggested that prophylactic treatment will be a choice of method for the clinical application of rapamycin for FOP.
Laser-assisted dynamics on metallic surfaces (2010)

"Using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we observe the laser-assisted photoelectric effect on a surface. We also present experimental measurements that permit to distinguish the laser-assisted photoelectric effect from other inherent surface processes, such as, above threshold photoemission, space-charge acceleration and hot electrons excitation."
Architecture of an IP-based aeronautical network (2009)

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has defined a mobile IPv6-based aeronautical telecommunications network (ATN/IPS) as a next generation communication network for future air traffic management (ATM). The ATN/IPS will be used with different terrestrial and satellite link technologies for supporting future ATM. In parallel, non-operational services will use different link technologies as well. In such an environment, the main challenge is to design a network architecture that integrates all link technologies in a way that mobile users (be it a cockpit user or a passenger) can make use of them in a seamless way. This paper presents the core functionalities developed within the NEWSKY project of such an integrated IP network architecture.
Critical Moisture Content (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Duplex stabilities ofphosphorothioate , methylphosphonate, andRNAanalogs oftwoDNA14-mers (1991)

Theduplex stabilities ofvarious phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, RNAand2'-OCH3 RNAanalogs oftwoself-complementary DNA14-mers arecompared. Phosphorothioate and/or methylphosphonate analogs ofthetwosequencesd(TAATTAATTAATTA) (DI) and d(TAGCTAATTAGCTA) (D2)differ inthenumber, position, orchirality (atthe5'terminal linkage) ofthe modified phosphates. Phosphorothioate derivatives of Dlarefoundtobeless destabilized whenthelinkage modified isbetweenadenines rather thanbetween thymines. Surprisingly, no basesequenceeffect on duplexstabilization is observedfor any methylphosphonate derivatives ofDI orD2.Highly modified phosphorothioates ormethylphosphonates areless stable thantheir partially modified counterparts whicharelessstable thantheunmodified parent compounds. The'normal' (2'-OH) RNAanalog ofduplex Dlisslightly destabilized, whereas the2'-OCH3 RNA derivative issignificantly stabilized relative tothe unmodifiedDNA. For the Dl sequence, at approximately physiological saltconcentration, the order ofduplex stability is2'-OCH3 RNA > unmodified DNA > 'normal' RNA > methylphosphonate DNA > phosphorothioate DNA.D2andthevarious D2methyl- phosphonate analogs investigated allformedhairpin conformations atlowsaltconcentrations.
Genome sequencing as a diagnostic test (2021)

KEY POINTS Genetic testing of patient constitutional DNA (i.e., their genome) is increasingly performed in medical practice. [1][1]–[3][2] Sequencing an entire human genome (about 3.2 billion nucleotides) is now possible to complete in days to weeks, and at a similar cost to some advanced imaging
Using solid diagrams for tangible interface prototyping (2005)

In most design disciplines, early concept development involves paper-and-pencil brainstorming. However, we've found that when designing a tangible user interface, it's best to start with a solid diagram - a 3D "sketch" created using simple construction materials. In the early stages of research and concept development, solid diagrams are more suitable for rapid reconfiguration and exploration than pencil sketches. They also let us analyze modes of correspondence between physical structures and abstract-information structures. Furthermore, because we can manipulate these diagrams, they help us explore usability properties and certain design trade-offs.
Review of HIV Self Testing Technologies and Promising Approaches for the Next Generation (2023)

The ability to self-test for HIV is vital to preventing transmission, particularly when used in concert with HIV biomedical prevention modalities, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In this paper, we review recent developments in HIV self-testing and self-sampling methods, and the potential future impact of novel materials and methods that emerged through efforts to develop more effective point-of-care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. We address the gaps in existing HIV self-testing technologies, where improvements in test sensitivity, sample-to-answer time, simplicity, and cost are needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and widespread accessibility. We discuss potential paths toward the next generation of HIV self-testing through sample collection materials, biosensing assay techniques, and miniaturized instrumentation. We discuss the implications for other applications, such as self-monitoring of HIV viral load and other infectious diseases.
Unimolecular Chain Transfer (UMCT) Reactions of Silicon Hydrides: Controlling Relative Configuration in Hydrogen Transfer Reactions of Cyclic Radicals (1997)

UMCT-controlled sequences of radical cyclization followed by 1,5-hydrogen transfer from diphenylsilanes or bis(trimethylsilyl)-silanes are introduced. The later silanes have improved reactivity.
An infrared invisibility cloak composed of glass (2010)

We propose to implement a nonmetallic low-loss cloak for the infrared range from identical chalcogenide glass resonators. Based on transformation optics for cylindrical objects, our approach does not require metamaterial response to be homogeneous and accounts for the discrete nature of elementary responses governed by resonator shape, illumination angle, and inter-resonator coupling. Air fractions are employed to obtain the desired distribution of the cloak effective parameters. The effect of cloaking is verified by full-wave simulations of the true multiresonator structure. The feasibility of cloak fabrication is demonstrated by prototyping glass grating structures with the dimensions characteristic for the cloak resonators.
ChemInform Abstract: General Photoisomerization Approach to trans‐Benzobicyclo(5.1.0) octenes: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Titanium‐ and Chromium‐Containing Silicalites. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Security architecture and protocols for overlay network services (2007)

Conventional wisdom suggests that in order to build a secure system, security must be an integral component in the system design. However, cost considerations drive most system designers to channel their efforts on the system's performance, scalability and usability. With little or no emphasis on security, such systems are vulnerable to a wide range of attacks that can potentially compromise confidentiality, integrity and availability of sensitive data. It is often cumbersome to redesign and implement massive systems with security as one of the primary design goals. This thesis advocates a proactive approach that cleanly retrofits security solutions into existing system architectures. The first step in this approach is to identify security threats, vulnerabilities and potential attacks on a system or an application. The second step is to develop security tools in the form of customizable and configurable plug-ins that address these security issues and minimally modify existing system code, while preserving its performance and scalability metrics. 
This thesis uses overlay network applications to shepherd through and address challenges involved in supporting security in large scale distributed systems. In particular, the focus is on two popular applications: publish/subscribe networks and VoIP networks. Our work on VoIP networks has for the first time identified and formalized caller identification attacks on VoIP networks. We have identified two attacks: a triangulation based timing attack on the VoIP network's route set up protocol and a flow analysis attack on the VoIP network's voice session protocol. These attacks allow an external observer (adversary) to uniquely (nearly) identify the true caller (and receiver) with high probability. Our work on the publish/subscribe networks has resulted in the development of an unified framework for handling event confidentiality, integrity, access control and DoS attacks, while incurring small overhead on the system. We have proposed a key isomorphism paradigm to preserve the confidentiality of events on publish/subscribe networks while permitting scalable content-based matching and routing. Our work on overlay network security has resulted in a novel information hiding technique on overlay networks. Our solution represents the first attempt to transparently hide the location of data items on an overlay network.
Syntheses of meso-Azachlorins and meso-Azabacteriochlorins (1994)

Starting from azaporphyrins, new classes of chlorins and bacteriochlorins are synthesized using Diels-Alder or osmium tetraoxide reactions. Their strong absorption at long wavelength and easy synthesis suggests they may be promising potential candidates as sensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy of neoplasms. © 1994.
Evaluation of PD-L1 expression on vortex-isolated circulating tumor cells in metastatic lung cancer (2018)

Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly fatal and immunogenic malignancy. Although the immune system is known to recognize these tumor cells, one mechanism by which NSCLC can evade the immune system is via overexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Recent clinical trials of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have returned promising clinical responses. Important for personalizing therapy, patients with higher intensity staining for PD-L1 on tumor biopsies responded better. Thus, there has been interest in using PD-L1 tumor expression as a criterion for patient selection. Currently available methods of screening involve invasive tumor biopsy, followed by histological grading of PD-L1 levels. Biopsies have a high risk of complications, and only allow sampling from limited tumor sections, which may not reflect overall tumor heterogeneity. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) PD-L1 levels could aid in screening patients, and could supplement tissue PD-L1 biopsy results by testing PD-L1 expression from disseminated tumor sites. Towards establishing CTCs as a screening tool, we developed a protocol to isolate CTCs at high purity and immunostain for PD-L1. Monitoring of PD-L1 expression on CTCs could be an additional biomarker for precision medicine that may help in determining response to immunotherapies.
Real-time Millimeter Wave Omnidirectional Channel Sounder Using Phased Array Antennas (2020)

Characterization of the millimeter wave wireless channel is needed to facilitate fully connected vehicular communication in the future. To study the multipath-rich, rapidly varying nature of the vehicular propagation environment, fast millimeter wave channel sounders are required. We present a channel sounder design capable of covering 360 degrees in azimuth and 60 degrees in elevation with 200 individual beam directions in 6.25 ms by using four phased arrays simultaneously. The channel measurements are accompanied by high resolution positioning and video data, allowing channel sounding to be conducted while either the transmitter, or the receiver, or both are moving. Channel sounding campaigns were conducted at multiple urban locations with light traffic conditions in Austin, Texas. Preliminary results show that beam selection at the receiver can lower the effective pathloss exponent to 1.6 for line-of-sight and 2.25 for non line-of-sight.
Software Tool for Analysis of Variance of DNA Microarray Data (2006)

Abstract : This report describes a software tool for two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) with repeated measures on one factor for use in a multitude of problems, including the analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip TM microarry data. The proposed software has been used to analyze more than 22,000 probe sequences in less than 1 minute. The tool is entirely written in Java and as a result, is platform-independent. The current implementation of the tool only allows for one-way and two-way ANOVA. However, the internal data structure is designed to be able to hold data for multi-way ANOVA. The output is written to a tab-delimited test file and, accordingly, the tool can be easily extended to save the results directly into a relational database.
Comparing deflection measurements of a magnetically steerable catheter using optical imaging and MRI (2014)

This study validates the theoretical description of the magnetically steerable catheter, while also giving insight into different methods and modalities for measuring the deflection angles of the prototype catheters. These results can be used to mechanically model future iterations of the design. Quantifying the difference between the different methods for measuring catheter deflection will be important when making deflection measurements in future studies. Finally, MR images can be used to reliably measure deflection angles since there is no significant difference between the MR and optical measurements.
TLR9- and CD40-Targeting Vaccination Promotes Human B Cell Maturation and IgG Induction via pDC-Dependent Mechanisms in Humanized Mice (2021)

Mice reconstituted with a human immune system (humanized mice) provide a robust model to study human immunology, vaccinology, and human infectious diseases. However, the development and function of B cells in humanized mice is impaired. B cells from humanized mice are immature and are impaired in IgM to IgG isotype switch in response to infection or vaccination. In the present study we report that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG-B combined with CD40-targeting vaccination triggered human B cell immunoglobin class-switch from IgM<sup>+</sup> to IgG<sup>+</sup> B cells in humanized mice. Human B cells from mice vaccinated with CpG-B as adjuvant were more mature in phenotype and produced significant levels of both total IgG and antigen-specific IgG. We found that CpG-B treatment activated human pDCs (plasmacytoid dendritic cells) <i>in vivo</i> to induce interferon-alpha (IFN-α)expression in humanized mice. Pre-depletion of human pDC <i>in vivo</i> abrogated the adjuvant effect of CpG-B. Our results indicate that TLR9 and CD40-targeting vaccination triggers human B cell maturation and immunoglobulin class-switch in a pDC-dependent manner in humanized mice. The findings also shed light on induction of human IgG antibodies in humanized mouse models.
Methods in organosilane assembly (2012)

Dialkylsilanediols are a novel class of non-hydrolyzable analogues of the tetrahedral intermediate of amide hydrolysis, shown to be good inhibitors of HIV-1 protease, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and thermolysin. An impediment to utilization of these silanediol structures, however, has been the methods for their assembly. This research describes the reductive lithiation of hydridosilanes and alkoxysilanes, and the use of the resulting silyl anions to develop efficient methods to synthesize silanediol precursors. In the first part of research, lithiation of hydridosilanes was studied. As part of this study, a simple 1H NMR method was developed for monitoring and analyzing the progress of lithiation. In addition, this method was converted to a titration for silyllithium reagents using BHT as an internal standard. Silanediols 107 and 177 are analogues of a potent chymase inhibitor, NK-3201 (82). In the second part, diphenylsilanes 108 and 170, precursors to silanediols 107 and 177, were synthesized using addition of silyllithium to sulfinimine 113 as a key step. In the third part, lithiation of alkoxysilanes was studied. (Si,O)-Dianions, generated from lithiation of silane alcohol 175 or 2,2-diphenyl-1-oxa-2-silacyclopentane (225), were reacted with a wide variety of electrophiles to give potentially useful silicon-containing building blocks. Addition of the (Si,O)-dianion 284 to sulfinimines gave silanediol inhibitor precursors with full control of stereochemistry. In the last part, a new method featuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-azaallyllithium chemistry were utilized to synthesize a series of protected α-amino silanes 323, 329 - 331.
The Design and Rationale of a Phase 2b, Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Lomecel-B in Older Adults with Frailty (2021)

This clinical trial investigates the use of a regenerative medicine strategy for frailty in older adults. The results will further the understanding of the potential for Lomecel-B in the geriatric condition of frailty.
Reflection Matrix Approach for Quantitative Acoustic Imaging of Heterogeneous Media (2020)

International audience
Late Season Biological Control of Whiteflies in Fall Cantaloupe Using Formulations of Beauveria Bassiana (1996)

Beauveria bassiana is a naturally occurring fungal disease of insects that has been shown to be an effective biological control against whiteflies in cotton and vegetable crops. Six treatments were initiated in drip irrigated fall cantaloupe on October 2, and repeated on October 9 and 23. The six treatments consisted of 1) a check or unsprayed plot; 2) 0.5 lb. Mycotrol WP/acre; 3) 1 Ib. Mycotrol WP /acre; 4) 1 pt. Mycotrol ES/acre; 5) 0.5 lb. Mycotrol WP /acre + pyrethroid tank mix; and 6) 12 oz. Naturalis-L/acre. Under moderate to light sweetpotato whitefly pressure, the Mycotrol formulations provided significant control (68-79%) compared to unsprayed check plots, and were superior to Naturalis-L formulation whose effects were relatively short lived. Mycotrol WP applied in three applications at the labeled rate of 1 lb. product/acre had the cumulative effect of maintaining adult whitefly leaf counts below the currently recommended economic threshold of 3 per leaf at 28 days after treatment initiation, under the conditions of this study.
The Total Iron-Binding Capacity in Iron Poisoning (1991)

Traditionally, a serum iron concentration in excess of the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) is considered as an indication for deferoxamine therapy in acute iron poisoning. We observed a reversible elevation of the TIBC in patients with iron poisoning that coincided with their acute hyperferremia and have hypothesized that this is a laboratory aberration. We tested this hypothesis in vitro and found that the addition of iron to test serum samples produced a related increase in the TIBC, and alteration of the assay by providing additional adsorbent prevented this occurrence. We also evaluated the reproducibility of the TIBC as performed by 500 laboratories on 10 different reference samples. The mean coefficient of variation was 16%, which was unsatisfactory. We concluded that the TIBC should not be used in the decision for the initiation of deferoxamine therapy in acute iron poisoning. Furthermore, high TIBC values that are occasionally seen in patients with iron poisoning should not be considered as providing a protective effect.
Supplementary Table 3 from Molecular Profiling of Premalignant Lesions in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas Identifies Mechanisms Involved in Stepwise Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 343KB, Genes associated with SCC carcinogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;