gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
31Metabolomic identification of substrates for monoamine oxidases in hearts subjected to oxidative stress (2014)

Purpose: Oxidative stress plays a key role in cardiac diseases, although the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have not been defined conclusively. Recent studies demonstrated that the mitochondrial enzymes monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a major source of ROS in reperfusion injury and decompensated hypertrophy. The present study characterized the molecular mechanisms responsible for the increased activity of MAO. Based upon available information, the activity of these enzymes depends mostly on substrate availability. Therefore, we aimed at identifying the major substrates of MAO in hearts undergoing oxidative stress. Mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantitate potential substrates by comparing their contents in the absence and the presence of MAO inhibition. Methods and Results: Firstly, we applied a metabolomic profiling method to investigate changes in amine contents in isolated mouse hearts, by means of a LC-MS/MS approach in the precursor ion scanning mode. Maximal oxidative stress was induced by perfusing isolated mouse hearts with 1 mM hydrogen peroxide for 15 min. Addition of 0.5 mM pargyline to the perfusion buffer 10 min before hydrogen peroxide resulted in a significant increased content of the typical MAO substrates serotonin and epinephrine, along with histamine and its product N1-methyl histamine. N1-methyl histamine was found to be the more aboundant metabolite and its content displayed a 180% increase in pargyline-treated hearts, as compared to the untreated ones. The accumulation of MAO substrates upon pargyline treatment correlated with a reduced MAO-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide. In fact we observed a decreased extent of (i) oxidation of myofibrillar proteins, as detected by disulfide bond formation in tropomyosin (Western blot under non reducing conditions), and (ii) ROS levels in tissue, as detected by dihydroethidine (DHE) staining. Surprisingly, these findings imply that the profound injury induced by H2O2 administration is not due to a direct action. Indeed, H2O2 perfusion appears to trigger an amplification pathway whereby the increase in MAO activity due to a larger substrate availability is the end-effector of the initial oxidative stress. Conclusions: This study provides the first information on endogenous substrates of MAO becoming available under conditions of oxidative stress that is then amplified by the increased MAO activity. The identification of histamine and N1-methyl histamine, that are involved in neurotransmission and immune response, suggests a significant trafficking of MAO substrates between myocytes and non-myocyte cells in the heart.
Apelin receptor: its responsiveness to stretch mechanisms and its potential for cardiovascular therapy (2014)

It has recently been demonstrated that the apelin receptor (APJ) plays a significant role in mediating the stretch response within the heart in a G-protein-independent and β-arrestin-dependent fashion. This discovery adds to the consolidated literature describing the potential benefits of APJ agonists. In this review, the authors will examine the functional selectivity of APJ and stretch with respect to their ability to signal via both G-protein-dependent and G-protein-independent mechanisms, with a focus on the multifunctional protein, β-arrestin. The possibility of selecting or designing novel ligands that differentially activate only a subset of functions via a single receptor holds great promise for the treatment of diseases such as heart failure and hypertension. Finally, hypothetical approaches to target APJ, taking into account its downstream pathways, will be described.
A Stable Radical in the Ribose Moiety of X-Irradiated 3′-Cytidylic Acid and Its Relation to a Similar Radical in Cytidine: An ESR-ENDOR Study (1976)

William A. Bernhard, , , David M. Close, George W. Fouse, A Stable Radical in the Ribose Moiety of X-Irradiated 3′-Cytidylic Acid and Its Relation to a Similar Radical in Cytidine: An ESR-ENDOR Study, Radiation Research, Vol. 68, No. 3 (Dec., 1976), pp. 390-413
Using high-speed ultrasound to visualize dynamic jamming of dense suspensions (2023)

A remarkable property of concentrated, or dense, suspensions comprising nanometer- to micrometer-size particles in a liquid is their ability to transform from a liquid-like to a solid-like state under applied stress. This jamming phenomenon can be triggered by impact at the surface of a dense suspension and generates a shear front that propagates into the bulk of the material. Tracking and visualizing such front is difficult because suspensions are typically opaque optically, and the front can propagate at several meters per second. This talk will discuss high-speed ultrasound imaging (10 000 frames per second) to extract the flow field associated with the front propagation and visualize the associated shear jamming process. Unlike densification in dry granular media, jamming by shear does not involve significant changes in the local particle fraction while driving the transition to solid-like behavior. On the basis of these findings, we discuss ideas that link the transient stress response of dense suspensions to current theoretical models, which almost exclusively focus on steady-state shearing conditions.
Solving Parallax Error for 3D Eye Tracking (2021)

Head-mounted eye-trackers allow for unrestricted behavior in the natural environment, but have calibration issues that compromise accuracy and usability. A well-known problem arises from the fact that gaze measurements suffer from parallax error due to the offset between the scene camera origin and eye position. To compensate for this error two pieces of data are required: the pose of the scene camera in head coordinates, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the fixation point in head coordinates. We implemented a method that allows for effective and accurate eye-tracking in the three-dimensional environment. Our approach consists of a calibration procedure that allows to contextually calibrate the eye-tracker and compute the eyes pose in the reference frame of the scene camera, and a custom stereoscopic scene camera that provides the three-dimensional coordinates of the fixation point. The resulting gaze data are free from parallax error, allowing accurate and effective use of the eye-tracker in the natural environment.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-Active Metabolites from Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore) (2009)

One known and three new potent, selective, and nontoxic anti-MRSA metabolites, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-l-(2'',3''-di-E-p-coumaroyl)rhamnoside (1) (IC(50) 2.0 microg/mL), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-l-(2''-E-p-coumaroyl-3''-Z-p-coumaroyl)rhamnoside (2) (IC(50) 0.8 microg/mL), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-l-(2''-Z-p-coumaroyl-3''-E-p-coumaroyl)rhamnoside (3) (IC(50) 0.7 microg/mL), and kaempferol 3-O-alpha-l-(2'',3''-di-Z-p-coumaroyl)rhamnoside (4) (IC(50) 0.4 microg/mL), were isolated from the leaves of the common American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. Compounds 2-4 are new. Due to the unusual selectivity, potency, and safety of the pure compounds and the semipure glycoside mixture against MRSA, it is clear that this represents a viable class of inhibitors to prevent growth of MRSA on surfaces and systemically.
Data Efficient Lithography Modeling With Transfer Learning and Active Data Selection (2018)

Lithography simulation is one of the key steps in physical verification, enabled by the substantial optical and resist models. A resist model bridges the aerial image simulation to printed patterns. While the effectiveness of learning-based solutions for resist modeling has been demonstrated, they are considerably data-demanding. Meanwhile, a set of manufactured data for a specific lithography configuration is only valid for the training of one single model, indicating low data efficiency. Due to the complexity of the manufacturing process, obtaining enough data for acceptable accuracy becomes very expensive in terms of both time and cost, especially during the evolution of technology generations when the design space is intensively explored. In this paper, we propose a new resist modeling framework for contact layers, utilizing existing data from old technology nodes and active selection of data in a target technology node, to reduce the amount of data required from the target lithography configuration. Our framework based on transfer learning and active learning techniques is effective within a competitive range of accuracy, i.e., $3 \times -10 \times $ reduction on the amount of training data with comparable accuracy to the state-of-the-art learning approach.
Job Discrimination, Market Forces, and the Invisibility Hypothesis (1987)

The Invisibility Hypothesis holds that the job skills of disadvantaged workers are not easily discovered by potential new employers, but that promotion enhances visibility and alleviates this problem. Then, at a competitive labor market equilibrium, firms profit by hiding talented disadvantaged workers in low-level jobs. Consequently, those workers are paid less on average and promoted less often than others with the same education and ability. As a result of the inefficient and discriminatory wage and promotion policies, disadvantaged workers experience lower returns to investments in human capital than other workers.
Virtual resistance technique for power limit management of microgrid DG inverters (2017)

This paper highlights the power limited nature of the Distributed Generation inverter and demonstrates the practical way to integrate them into the microgrid. Since the energy source of Distributed Generation inverters is power limited in nature, they constrain the operation of inverters to which they are coupled. If the power demanded from these inverters is beyond their capability, their DC-link voltage decreases and they are isolated from microgrid. This can have a catastrophic impact on the reliability of the entire system. In this paper, a virtual resistance based DC-link voltage regulation technique is developed to provide power limit management of the Distributed Generation inverter. This will allow Distributed Generation inverters to source their available power even when the power demand is higher than their capacity or hardware ratings. This technique has been modeled and implemented on 200 Watt single phase PV inverter. Experimental results are presented to compare the operation of the inverter with and without virtual resistance based DC Link voltage regulation.
The Role of LEF1 in Endometrial Gland Formation and Carcinogenesis (2012)

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer, yet the mechanisms underlying this disease process are poorly understood. We hypothesized that Lef1 is required for endometrial gland formation within the uterus and is overexpressed in endometrial cancer. Using Lef1 knockout (KO) mice, we compared uterine gland development to wild-type (WT) controls, with respect to both morphology and expression of the Lef1 targets, cyclin D1 and MMP7. We characterized the dynamics of Lef1 protein expression during gland development and the mouse estrus cycle, by immunostaining and Western blot. Finally, we investigated the roles of cyclin D1 and MMP7 in gland and cancer formation in the mouse, and assessed the relevance of Lef1 to human cancer by comparing expression levels in cancerous and normal endometrial tissues. Lef1 upregulation in mouse endometrium correlates with the proliferative stages of the estrus cycle and gland development during the neonatal period. WT mice endometrial glands began to develop by day 5 and were easily identified by day 9, whereas Lef1 KO mice endometrial glands had not developed by day 9 although the endometrial lining was intact. We found that during gland development cyclin D1 is elevated and localized to the gland buds, and that this requires the presence of Lef1. We also noted that Lef1 protein was expressed at higher levels in endometrial cancers within mice and humans when compared to normal endometrium. Our loss-of-function data indicate that Lef1 is required for the formation of endometrial glands in the mouse uterus. Lef1 protein elevation corresponds to gland formation during development, and varies cyclically with the mouse estrus cycle, in parallel with gland regeneration. Finally, Lef1 is overexpressed in human and mouse endometrial tumors, consistent with it playing a role in gland proliferation.
Inactivation of the Adenosine A 2A Receptor Protects Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice From Atherosclerosis (2009)

Inactivation of A(2A)R, especially in BMDCs, inhibits the formation of atherosclerotic leisons, suggesting that A(2A)R inactivation may be useful for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Nitric Oxide Regulation of Myocardial Contractility and Calcium Cycling (2003)

The mechanisms by which nitric oxide (NO) influences myocardial Ca2+ cycling remain controversial. Because NO synthases (NOS) have specific spatial localization in cardiac myocytes, we hypothesized that neuronal NOS (NOS1) found in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) preferentially regulates SR Ca2+ release and reuptake resulting in potentiation of the cardiac force-frequency response (FFR). Transesophageal pacing (660 to 840 bpm) in intact C57Bl/6 mice (WT) stimulated both contractility (dP/dtmax normalized to end-diastolic volume; dP/dt-EDV) by 51+/-5% (P<0.001) and lusitropy (tau; tau) by 20.3+/-2.0% (P<0.05). These responses were markedly attenuated in mice lacking NOS1 (NOS1-/-) (15+/-2% increase in dP/dt-EDV; P<0.001 versus WT; and no change in tau; P<0.01 versus WT). Isolated myocytes from NOS1-/- (approximately 2 months of age) also exhibited suppressed frequency-dependent sarcomere shortening and Ca2+ transients ([Ca2+]i) compared with WT. SR Ca2+ stores, a primary determinant of the FFR, increased at higher frequencies in WT (caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i at 4 Hz increased 107+/-23% above 1 Hz response) but not in NOS1-/- (13+/-26%; P<0.01 versus WT). In contrast, mice lacking NOS3 (NOS3-/-) had preserved FFR in vivo, as well as in isolated myocytes with parallel increases in sarcomere shortening, [Ca2+]i, and SR Ca2+ stores. NOS1-/- had increased SR Ca2+ ATPase and decreased phospholamban protein abundance, suggesting compensatory increases in SR reuptake mechanisms. Together these data demonstrate that NOS1 selectively regulates the cardiac FFR via influences over SR Ca2+ cycling. Thus, there is NOS isoform-specific regulation of different facets of rate-dependent excitation-contraction coupling; inactivation of NOS1 has the potential to contribute to the pathophysiology of states characterized by diminished frequency-dependent inotropic responses.
Electronic conduction in La-based perovskite-type oxides (2015)

A systematic study of La-based perovskite-type oxides from the viewpoint of their electronic conduction properties was performed. LaCo<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> was found to be a promising candidate as a replacement for standard metals used in oxide electrodes and wiring that are operated at temperatures up to 1173 K in air because of its high electrical conductivity and stability at high temperatures. LaCo<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> exhibits a high conductivity of 1.9 × 10<sup>3</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> at room temperature (R.T.) because of a high carrier concentration <i>n</i> of 2.2 × 10<sup>22</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> and a small effective mass <i>m</i>∗ of 0.10 m<sub>e</sub>. Notably, LaCo<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> exhibits this high electrical conductivity from R.T. to 1173 K, and little change in the oxygen content occurs under these conditions. LaCo<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> is the most suitable for the fabrication of oxide electrodes and wiring, though La<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> Sr <sub><i>x</i></sub> CoO<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> and La<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> Sr <sub><i>x</i></sub> MnO<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> also exhibit high electronic conductivity at R.T., with maximum electrical conductivities of 4.4 × 10<sup>3</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> for La<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>CoO<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> and 1.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> for La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>MnO<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> because oxygen release occurs in La<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> Sr <sub><i>x</i></sub> CoO<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> as elevating temperature and the electrical conductivity of La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>MnO<sub>3±<i>δ</i></sub> slightly decreases at temperatures above 400 K.
Roles of De-Ubiquitinating Enzymes UCHl1 And UCHl3 in Oocyte Maturation, Fertilization, and Zygotic Development. (2009)

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs), a specific class of deubiquitinating enzymes, play a role in the elimination of small adducts from ubiquitin and in generation of free monomeric ubiqutin from its precursors. A previous study of porcine fertilization revealed that sperm-acrosomal UCHs are involved in sperm-zona pelucida (ZP) interactions and antipolyspermy defense. The objective of this study was to identify the roles of UCHs in murine and rhesus monkey oocyte maturation, sperm-zona interactions and polyspermy. The UCHL1 and UCHL3 mRNAs both showed high levels of expression in the oocytes and early embryos of mouse and monkey. While UCHL3 protein was mainly associated with the meiotic spindle at all stages of oocyte meiosis, UCHL1 protein showed massive accumulation in the oocyte cortex in all species examined. The fertilization cone present at an early stage of sperm incorporation into the ooplasm was particularly enriched in UCHL1 in the mouse. Taken with previous UCH localization data from pig and cow, these mouse data show that these components of ubiquitin system are evolutionarily conserved. Injecting Ub-aldehyde (UA) a potent, specific UCH-inhibitor or antibodies against UCHL1 in maturing or meiotically mature mouse oocytes completely blocked in vitro fertilization, without affecting sperm zona penetration and sperm-oolemma adhesion. Parthenogenetically activated oocytes as well as ICSI zygotes injected with anti-UCHL1 or UA, fertilized normally, and developed pronuclei. Thus, UCHL1 in the oocyte cortex directly or indirectly regulates sperm-oolemma fusion and/or sperm incorporation in the ooplasm. Injection of maturing mouse ova with anti-UCHL3 antibody or oocyte maturation in the presence of a cell-permeant UCHL3 inhibitor often yielded abnormal spindle morphology, particularly the focusing of the spindle poles, which often came unraveled in presence of these UCH-antagonists. When UCHL3 inhibitor was added to maturation media and the ova were fertilized, or when the inhibitor was present during fertilization, the normal fertilization rate (i.e. percentage of zygotes with one maternal and one paternal pronucleus) decreased significantly compared to control (P < 0.05). Various anomalies of fertilization, second polar body extrusion and pronuclear development were observed. In the mouse, inhibition of UCHs did not increase polyspermy, and in fact had an opposite effect, suggesting that the mechanism of anti-polyspermy defense might be species specific and more intricate than previously thought. We conclude that the activity of oocyte UCHs regulates mouse oocyte maturation, sperm incorporation in the ooplasm during fertilization, and the completion of second meiosis. Supported by USDA-NRI grant #2007-01319 (P.S.), seed funding from the F21C Program of UM (P.S.), HD41440 (K.E.L.), and RR-000169 (RR-13439 (C.A.V.). (poster)
Dual-Layer Volume Holographic Optical Elements for Three-Wavelength Optical Disk Pickup (2000)

A dual-layer volume holographic optical element is proposed as a beam-splitting element for a three-wavelength (λ=0.4 µm, 0.65 µm and 0.8 µm) optical disk pickup. We fabricated it for normal incidence using photopolymer film via an inexpensive laminate process. It is demonstrated that it exhibited excellent wavelength selectivity (extinction ratio ≥∼100) with a high diffraction efficiency of 99.7%. This element could be a key device in a next-generation multi wavelength optical disk pickup.
Primary peritoneal carcinoma presenting as adenocarcinoma on a Pap smear. A case report. (2002)

Primary peritoneal carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma cells arising on a Pap smear in the absence of cervical and endometrial cancer.
Rapid chemotactic response enables marine bacteria to exploit ephemeral microscale nutrient patches (2008)

Because ocean water is typically resource-poor, bacteria may gain significant growth advantages if they can exploit the ephemeral nutrient patches originating from numerous, small sources. Although this interaction has been proposed to enhance biogeochemical transformation rates in the ocean, it remains questionable whether bacteria are able to efficiently use patches before physical mechanisms dissipate them. Here we show that the rapid chemotactic response of the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis substantially enhances its ability to exploit nutrient patches before they dissipate. We investigated two types of patches important in the ocean: nutrient pulses and nutrient plumes, generated for example from lysed algae and sinking organic particles, respectively. We used microfluidic devices to create patches with environmentally realistic dimensions and dynamics. The accumulation of P. haloplanktis in response to a nutrient pulse led to formation of bacterial hot spots within tens of seconds, resulting in a 10-fold higher nutrient exposure for the fastest 20% of the population compared with nonmotile cells. Moreover, the chemotactic response of P. haloplanktis was >10 times faster than the classic chemotaxis model Escherichia coli, leading to twice the nutrient exposure. We demonstrate that such rapid response allows P. haloplanktis to colonize nutrient plumes for realistic particle sinking speeds, with up to a 4-fold nutrient exposure compared with nonmotile cells. These results suggest that chemotactic swimming strategies of marine bacteria in patchy nutrient seascapes exert strong influence on carbon turnover rates by triggering the formation of microscale hot spots of bacterial productivity.
Calcium Supplementation and Processing Variable Effects on Orange Juice Quality (1991)

ABSTRACT Untreated, pectinesterase treated, low pulp, and pectinase treated orange juices were fortified to 20% RDA of calcium with calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate/lactate (75/25). Neither calcium supplement adversely affected flavor, cloud density, settling pulp, or viscosity in untreated, low pulp, or pectinase treated juices. PME exposed orange juice held 4 hr before pasteurization and calcium supplementation had less cloudy density, increased viscosity and more settling pulp. Calcium carbonate fortified PME exposed and pectinase treated juices had lower flavor scores, while calcium phosphate suspensions caused slightly lower color scores of all juices.