gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LIGNIN A SUSTAINABLE AND RENEWABLE FLAME RETARDANT FOR ABS (2019)

Lignin is an abundant polyphenol biopolymeric material. Due to its aromatic structure, it develops a char upon fire and it is then a potential candidate to become an efficient flame retardant (FR) in polymeric materials. In this work, lignin was used as flame retardant in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). Phosphorus is one of the basic constituent of flame retardant and phosphorylation of lignin was carried out to improve its fire-retardant efficiency. The functionalization of kraft lignin (LIG) were done using phosphorus oxide by a simple and industrially feasible process to yield phosphorylated lignin (P-LIG). When incorporated at 30 wt.% in ABS, ABS/LIG and ABS/P-LIG exhibit a significant reduction of the peak of Heat Release Rate (pHRR) measured by cone calorimetry compared to neat ABS. It is shown that P-LIG promotes char formation. The char is cohesive and acts as a protective layer.
COMPARING BITMAPPED MICRORNA STRUCTURE IMAGES USING MUTUAL SYMMETRY (2013)

We present a high-throughput method for analyzing large-scale bitmapped bio-data: processing of elongated molecular structures by 2D images and analyzing their shapes for chemoinformatics databases. Two-dimensional structure databases are transfered to bitmap images — a commonly used visualization widely spread online. Then, an efficient clustering of the molecular structures is achieved by a mutual symmetry-based binary matrix representation of the shapes. We present a method to compute the difference between two of such representations and evaluate its performance with respect to time and quality of matching. In our tests we use two bitmap databases, one containing true human microRNA folded 2D structures and one with claimed human microRNA folded 2D structures. We show the stability of the matching with respect to parameterization and orientation of the shapes. Our method enables a good automatic clustering of structures with high visual similarity.
A novel hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker for medium voltage: principle and test results (2003)

Although many attempts have been made to design a fault-current limiting (FCL) circuit breaker (FCLCB) for medium voltage electric power systems, no economically attractive solution has been achieved so far. In this paper, a novel concept for a FCLCB is introduced based on a hybrid arrangement of semiconductors, temperature-dependent resistors, and a newly developed fast-opening mechanical switch. The latter utilizes one part of an electrodynamic repulsion drive, which is concurrent with the moving double-contact system. Laboratory tests as well as computer simulations of the complete FCLCB verify, as an example, the feasibility for the goal ratings 12 kV and 2/20 kA (single phase). A cost analysis shows the FCLCB to be more expensive than a conventional generator CB, but to be in the price range of the Is-limiter and below the costs of superconducting FCL principles. It is concluded that the presented method provides the basis for further commercial product development.
Wireless hotspots (2003)

In recent years, wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) have established Wi-Fi hotspots in increasing numbers at public venues, providing local coverage to traveling users and empowering them with the ability to access email, Web, and other Internet applications on the move. In this paper, we observe that while the mobile computing landscape has changed both in terms of number and type of hotspot venues, there are several technological and deployment challenges remaining before hotspots can become an ubiquitous infrastructure. These challenges include authentication, security, coverage, management, location services, billing, and interoperability. We discuss existing research, the work of standards bodies, and the experience of commercial hotspot providers in these areas, and then describe compelling open research questions that remain.
Parcellation of the cingulate cortex at rest and during tasks: a meta-analytic clustering and experimental study (2013)

Anatomical, morphological, and histological data have consistently shown that the cingulate cortex can be divided into four main regions. However, less is known about parcellations of the cingulate cortex when involved in active tasks. Here, we aimed at comparing how the pattern of clusterization of the cingulate cortex changes across different levels of task complexity. We parcellated the cingulate cortex using the results of a meta-analytic study and of three experimental studies. The experimental studies, which included two active tasks and a resting state protocol, were used to control the results obtained with the meta-analytic parcellation. We explored the meta-analytic parcellation by applying a meta-analytic clustering (MaC) to papers retrieved from the BrainMap database. The MaC is a meta-analytic connectivity driven parcellation technique recently developed by our group which allowed us to parcellate the cingulate cortex on the basis of its pattern of co-activations during active tasks. The MaC results indicated that the cingulate cortex can be parcellated into three clusters. These clusters covered different percentages of the cingulate parenchyma and had a different density of foci, with the first cluster being more densely connected. The control experiments showed different clusterization results, suggesting that the co-activations of the cingulate cortex are highly dependent on the task that is tested. Our results highlight the importance of the cingulate cortex as a hub, which modifies its pattern of co-activations depending on the task requests and on the level of task complexity. The neurobiological meaning of these results is discussed.
Comparative Study of LiNbO3 Crystal Cuts for use as High-Voltage Acoustic Wave Sensors. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
The Effects of ZENECA ZD8731, an Angiotensin II Antagonist, on Renin Expression by Juxtaglomerular Cells in the Rat: Comparison of Protein and mRNA Expression as Detected by Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization (1995)

Changes in the mRNA and protein expression of renin-secreting cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) were examined in the rat following administration of ZENECA ZD8731, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Doses of 0 or 90 mg/kg were administered daily by gavage for 26 wk. JGA hypertrophy was apparent in histological sections. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated an increase in the number of renin-containing cells in both the afferent arterioles and the interlobular arteries. Similarly, renin mRNA expression, demonstrated by in situ hybridization, had extended to more proximal segments of the afferent arterioles and was also present in efferent arterioles and interlobular arteries. In conclusion, JGA hypertrophy occurred as a result of antagonism of the angiotensin II receptor. Associated with JGA hypertrophy was increased expression of both renin and renin mRNA, indicative of stimulated renin synthesis caused by an exaggerated pharmacological response of renin-secreting cells to the loss of feedback inhibition by angiotensin II.
Cytotoxic action of phorbol esters on human pancreatic cancer cells (2007)

We previously showed that phorbol esters are cytotoxic to human thyroid epithelial cells expressing a mutant RAS oncogene. Here we explore the generality of this finding using cells derived from pancreatic cancer, which, like thyroid, shows a high frequency of RAS mutation, but is a much greater cause of cancer mortality. The response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and related agents was assessed on a panel of 9 pancreatic cancer cell lines, using a range of assays for cell growth and death in vitro and in vivo. In most lines, PMA induced non-apoptotic cell death which was, surprisingly, independent of its "classic" target, protein kinase C. With 24 hr exposure, the IC(50) in the most sensitive line (Aspc-1) was <1 ng/ml (1.6 nM), with survival undetectable at concentrations >/=>/=16 nM, and after only 1 hr exposure the IC(50) was still </=</=16 nM. Interestingly, the efficacy of a second phorbol ester, phorbol dibutyrate, was much lower, and the PMA analogue bryostatin-1, which is in clinical trials against other tumour types, was totally inactive. Pre-treatment of Aspc-1 cells with PMA before subcutaneous inoculation into nude mice prevented, or greatly retarded, subsequent xenograft tumour growth. Furthermore, treatment of established tumours with a single peri-tumoral injection of PMA induced extensive cell death and arrested tumour development. Taken together with recent Phase 1 clinical studies, these data suggest that activity against pancreatic cancer will be attainable by systemic administration of PMA, and point to potential novel therapeutic targets for this highly aggressive cancer.
Enhancement in Chloride Diffusivity due to Flexural Damage in Reinforced Concrete Beams (2014)

A multiphysics formulation for chloride diffusion in an RC beam with stress-induced damage quantifying the enhancement in chloride diffusivity due to damage is presented. An experimental investigation involving measurement of chloride profile was conducted on RC beams damaged under applied flexural stress. Numerical simulation of the RC beam is carried out using a two-dimensional finite-element approach incorporating the damage due to the applied stress, chloride binding, and the chloride diffusion in the model. Concrete is assumed to be a perfectly elastoplastic (Drucker-Prager) material and the steel as an elastoplastic (von Mises) material with hardening. Drucker-Prager parameters, cohesion c, and friction angle φ are obtained by calibrating numerical load-deflection (P-Δ) curve to an experimentally determined (P-Δ) plot for beams loaded in flexure. Defining a scalar damage index as the degradation in elastic modulus expressed in terms of total strains, the chloride transport problem is addressed, using an effective diffusion coefficient, Deffd, expressed as a function of the damage index and chloride binding and obtained by calibrating to data for chloride profiles as determined in flexurally damaged beams. Using the expressions for the effective diffusion coefficient, Deffd, the chloride profiles are shown to match the experimentally determined chloride profiles in beams damaged at various stress levels.
Nanopositioning system for macroscopic components based on shear-force detection (2005)

We present and describe an alternative device for positioning two massive optical elements at distances smaller than 1μm to each other. The developed technique is derived from the conventional nonoptical shear-force distance control usually used in scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). It is suitable whatever the nature of the involved elements (metal, semiconductor, or dielectric) and is well adapted to solid immersion microscopy and virtual tip near-field microscopy.
True Bipolar and Integrated Bipolar Sensing and Detection by Implantable Defibrillators (2011)

Sensing and detection at implant were not significantly different between the true bipolar and the integrated bipolar configurations for the tested leads and generators.
Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Coupled to Mass Spectrometry to Investigate Ligand–Receptor Interactions (2011)

A method for exploring protein-protein interactions using hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry is described. The method monitors the exchange of backbone (amide) hydrogens in solutions of deuterated water that primarily occur on portions of the protein exposed to solvent. In the presence of a protein binding partner, regions that experience reduced exchange are either part of the protein-protein interaction interface or undergo conformational changes to reduce accessibility to solvent. This method has the advantage of being used under physiological conditions with unmodified proteins. In this chapter, we describe an approach suitable for probing interactions among relatively large proteins using conventional mass spectrometry systems. The interaction between human transferrin and the Neisseria meningitidis receptor protein, transferrin binding protein B, provides a challenging system as an example.
Intraband gain dynamics in bulk semiconductor optical amplifiers: measurements and simulations (2002)

We investigate experimentally and numerically the gain recovery time and gain compression resulting from intraband effects induced by sub-picosecond optical pulses in bulk semiconductor optical amplifiers. With the help of data produced by pump-probe measurements, the dependence of the intraband gain dynamics on pulse energy, device bias current, and length is discussed. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental data.
Nonuniform sampling and antialiasing in image representation (1993)

A unified approach to the representation and processing of a class of images which are not bandlimited but belong to the space of locally bandlimited signals is presented. A nonuniform sampling theorem (Clark et al, 1985) for functions belonging to this space is extended, and a class of nonstationary stochastic processes is considered. The space of locally bandlimited signals is shown to be a reproducing-kernel space. A generalized projection theorem can therefore be applied, yielding either a continuous or a discrete projection filter. The former can be used for image conditioning prior to nonuniform sampling, while the latter provides a general tool for image representation by nonuniform sampling schemes. The problem of finding the local bandwidth of a given signal, in order to generate an optimal sampling scheme, is addressed in the context of signal representation in the combined position-frequency space. The stochastic estimation of parameters which characterize the local bandwidth is discussed. Bounds on the error resulting from the utilization of nonexact position-varying signal parameters are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract A25: Chromatin structure regulates cancer-specific alternative splicing events in primary HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (2020)

Abstract Human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) represents a unique disease entity within head and neck cancer with rising incidence. Previous work has shown that alternative splicing events (ASEs) are prevalent in HPV+ OPSCC, but further validation is needed to understand the regulation of this process and its role in these tumors. In this study, eleven ASEs (GIT2, CTNNB1, MKNK2, MRPL33, SIPA1L3, SNHG6, SYCP2, TPRG1, ZHX2, ZNF331, and ELOVL1) were selected for validation from 109 previously published candidate ASEs to elucidate the post-transcriptional mechanisms of oncogenesis in HPV+ disease. In vitro qRT-PCR confirmed differential expression of 9 of 11 ASE candidates, and in silico analysis within the TCGA cohort confirmed 8 of 11 candidates. Six ASEs (MRPL33, SIPA1L3, SNHG6, TPRG1, ZHX2, and ELOVL1) showed significant differential expression across both methods. Further evaluation of chromatin structure revealed that ASEs strongly correlated with the cancer-specific distribution of acetylated lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27ac). Subsequent epigenetic treatment of HPV+ HNSCC cell lines (UM-SCC-047 and UPCI-SCC-090) with JQ1 not only induced downregulation of cancer-specific ASE isoforms but also growth inhibition in both cell lines. The UPCI-SCC-090 cell line, with greater ASE expression, also showed more significant growth inhibition after JQ1 treatment. This study confirms several novel cancer-specific ASEs in HPV+OPSCC and provides evidence for the role of chromatin structure in regulation of alternative splicing in HPV+OPSCC. Our findings highlight the role of epigenetic changes in the oncogenesis of HPV+OPSCC, which represents a unique, unexplored target for biomarkers, neoantigens, and therapeutics. Citation Format: Theresa Guo, Kristina D. A. Zambo, Fernando T. Zamuner, Tingting Ou, Christopher Hopkins, Dylan Z. Kelley, Hildegard A. Wulf, Ludmila V. Danilova, Michael Considine, David Sidransky, Alexander V. Favorov, Liliana Florea, Elana J. Fertig, Daria A. Gaykalova. Chromatin structure regulates cancer-specific alternative splicing events in primary HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; 2019 Apr 29-30; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_2):Abstract nr A25.
Supplementary Data and Figures from A TCR-like CAR Promotes Sensitive Antigen Recognition and Controlled T-cell Expansion Upon mRNA Vaccination (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data and Figures&lt;/p&gt;
A Cooperative Game Framework for QoS Guided Job Allocation Schemes in Grids (2008)

A grid differs from traditional high performance computing systems in the heterogeneity of the computing nodes as well as the communication links that connect the different nodes together. In grids there exist users and service providers. The service providers provide the service for jobs that the users generate. Typically the amount of jobs generated by all the users are more than any single provider can handle alone with any acceptable quality of service (QoS). As such, the service providers need to cooperate and allocate jobs among them so that each is providing an acceptable QoS to their customers. QoS is of particular concerns to service providers as it directly affects customers' satisfaction and loyalty. In this paper, we propose a game theoretic solution to the QoS sensitive, grid job allocation problem. We model the QoS based, grid job allocation problem as a cooperative game and present the structure of the Nash Bargaining Solution. The proposed algorithm is fair to all users and represents a Pareto optimal solution to the QoS objective. One advantage of our scheme is the relatively low overhead and robust performance against inaccuracies in performance prediction information.
POWER MINIMIZATION BY SEPARATION OF CONTROL AND DATA RADIOS (2002)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are networked embedded systems where each unit generally consists of the following six components: sensors, memory, power supply, processor, communication unit, and actuators. WSNs will provide the bridge between the Internet and the physical world due to their ability to observing and controlling the physical world in real-time. Since most of the current WSNs use batteries as their energy source, energy consumption is the main design and operational constraint of sensor networks. Specifically, energy consumed by communication equipment is the dominating component of energy consumption. In order to address this problem, we propose a new conceptual approach to minimize the communication and Therefore, the overall energy consumption by separating the traditionally used radio in sensor nodes into two radios: control radio and data radio. Control radio is used for frequent, low volume, short packet communication and to coordinate operation of data radios. Data radio is used for high latency, high volume, and large packet sensor data transmission. The preliminary studies show the high potential effectiveness of the approach. 1.
Data from The Signatures of Autozygosity among Patients with Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Previous studies have shown that among populations with a high rate of consanguinity, there is a significant increase in the prevalence of cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data (Affymetrix, 50K &lt;i&gt;Xba&lt;/i&gt;I) analysis revealed long regions of homozygosity in genomic DNAs taken from tumor and matched normal tissues of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The presence of these regions in the genome may indicate levels of consanguinity in the individual's family lineage. We refer to these autozygous regions as identity-by-descent (IBD) segments. In this study, we compared IBD segments in 74 mostly Caucasian CRC patients (mean age of 66 years) to two control data sets: (&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;) 146 Caucasian individuals (mean age of 80 years) who participated in an age-related macular degeneration (AMD) study and (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;) 118 cancer-free Caucasian individuals from the Framingham Heart Study (mean age of 67 years). Our results show that the percentage of CRC patients with IBD segments (≥4 Mb length and 50 SNPs probed) in the genome is at least twice as high as the AMD or Framingham control groups. Also, the average length of these IBD regions in the CRC patients is more than twice the length of the two control data sets. Compared with control groups, IBD segments are found to be more common among individuals of Jewish background. We believe that these IBD segments within CRC patients are likely to harbor important CRC-related genes with low-penetrance SNPs and/or mutations, and, indeed, two recently identified CRC predisposition SNPs in the 8q24 region were confirmed to be homozygous in one particular patient carrying an IBD segment covering the region. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2610–21]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A General Imputation Methodology for Nonparametric Regression with Censored Data (2005)

We consider the random design nonparametric regression problem when the response variable is subject to a general mode of missingness or censoring. A traditional approach to such problems is imputation, in which the missing or censored responses are replaced by well-chosen values, and then the resulting covariate/response data are plugged into algorithms designed for the uncensored setting. We present a general methodology for imputation with the property of double robustness, in that the method works well if either a parameter of the full data distribution (covariate and response distribution) or a parameter of the censoring mechanism is well approximated. These procedures can be used advantageously when something is known about the censoring mechanism (i.e. when the censoring variable is independent of the survival time and response, in survival analysis), while methods based on maximizing a likelihood ignore this relevant information. We show how the methodology can be applied to examples where the response variable is missing, corresponds to a counterfactual outcome in a point treatment study, is right censored, or is subject to censoring as in current status data. To deal with identifiability problems (i.e. the conditional mean survival time may not be available from right censored data because of a lack of information regarding the survival distribution's tails), we show for these examples how the response of interest can be transformed, so that nonparametric regression remains a worthwhile endeavor. We remark on how our imputation procedure can be implemented by using general tools from efficiency theory and semiparametric estimation. General results are presented demonstrating how imputation procedures can accurately approximate regression functions when the imputed responses are entered into commonly used nonparametric regression procedures, including least squares estimators, complexity regularized least squares estimators, penalized least squares estimators, locally weighted average estimators, and estimators selected with cross-validation.