gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beam shaping in laser resonators and coherent laser arrays: an overview and current state of the art (2009)

Coherent beam shaping can be performed inside laser resonators by filtering the amplitude or the phase of the circulating wave. Along with providing a designer-shaped output, these methods can improve laser performance by suppressing higher-order modes and extracting maximum gain. Under certain conditions, phase filtering is shown to improve modal discrimination by separating modes into bound (low-loss) modes and unbound (high-loss) modes. Mode shapes in resonator arrays are shown to depend on the architecture of the array. In some cases, these architectures can be designed to improve modal discrimination or increase the tolerance to resonator path-length errors.
Different activation patterns in the plasma kallikrein‐kinin and complement systems during coronary bypass surgery (1989)

Components of the plasma kallikrein-kinin and complement systems were determined in patients undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Spontaneous kallikrein activity (KK), plasma prekallikrein (PKK), functional kallikrein inhibition capacity (KKI), C3 activation products (C3-act), and the terminal complement complex (TCC) were measured. A marked, transitory increase in KK and a decrease in PKK were found prior to cardiopulmonary bypass just after heparin injection. An additional decline in PKK and KKI during bypass with a return to near control levels in the postoperative period was observed. C3-act increased in all patients during bypass, reaching a peak value at wound closure. The TCC concentration also increased significantly during cardiopulmonary bypass, returned to control levels in the early postoperative period, and then increased again in the late postoperative period. It is concluded that activation of the kallikrein-kinin system started after injection of heparin, prior to cardiopulmonary bypass. Activation of both the initial and the terminal complement cascade, however, started only after onset of cardiopulmonary bypass.
A comparative study of several modeling approaches for large vocabulary offline recognition of handwritten Chinese characters (2003)

We compare three representative modeling approaches, namely the multiple-prototype-based template matching approach, the subspace approach and the continuous density hidden Markov model approach for large vocabulary, offline recognition of handwritten Chinese characters. On a task of classification of 4616 handwritten Chinese characters, we evaluate and compare the strength and weakness of individual approaches in terms of the classification accuracy, the memory requirement and the computational complexity. We offer recommendations for practitioners on how to make intelligent use of these modeling approaches for different purposes in different applications.
Evolution of a concept (2007)

In this report we describe our experiences designing and trialing a hands-free, context-aware, mobile communications system for enterprise workers. Our concept, inspired by a new consumer technology, was designed with a heavy focus on the end-user. Through our trial we became aware of various factors in the enterprise that impacted design and deployment.
Abstract 306: KRas mediated induction of HIF-1α in normoxia promotes tumorigenesis and identifies HIF-1α as a therapeutic target (2010)

Abstract Oncogenic mutation of the KRas enzyme occurs frequently in human tumors and results in the constitutive activation of multiple signaling pathways. KRas mutation occurs in three specific codons, 12, 13, or 61, and involves the substitution of multiple amino acids. We observed in cancer cell lines containing activating mutations in KRas but not wild type KRas, that the Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 α (HIF-1α) is expressed and functional under normoxic conditions. HIF-1α itself has been implicated in multiple aspects of tumorigenesis, including survival and invasion. We have found that exogenous expression of wild type KRas or the introduction of oncogenic KRas into transformed cells, causes the expression of HIF-1α in normoxia, but has little or no effect on HIF-1α induction by hypoxia. Additionally, in cancer cells, the deletion of the oncogenic KRas allele, while preserving the wild type allele, silenced the normoxic expression of HIF-1α. To determine the mechanisms by which KRas elicits the expression of HIF-1α, we quantitated the expression of 176 phospho or total proteins utilized a Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) of 74 highly characterized non small cell lung cancer lines (NSCLC's) including 22 NSCLS with oncogenic KRas under three different culture conditions (with serum, without serum and starved then stimulated with serum for 30 minutes). From this RPPA, we found that NSCLC lines containing oncogenic KRas expressed active serine 473 Akt at differing levels, dependent upon which amino acid substitution was present in KRas. Additionally, we found that the KRas activation of Akt signaling, along with other KRas dependent signals, was responsible for HIF-1 stabilization in a hypoxia independent manner. As previously suggested we find that through KRas and Akt driven signaling, KRas is able to overcome the oxygen driven mechanisms responsible for HIF-1α degradation by increased HIF-1α protein translation However, we additionally found that aerobic glycolysis driven by KRas and Akt, specifically the accumulation of the products of glycolysis, also contribute to HIF-1α expression in normoxia. Finally, genome wide mRNA profiling of a KRas transformed line with a stable shRNA mediated knockdown of HIF-1α compared it a vector control showed that under normoxic conditions, knockdown of HIF-1α down regulates several genes important to transformation, including growth factors previously associated with KRas induced transformation. This data suggests inhibitors of HIF-1α may be effective in tumors harboring the KRas oncogenes. Additionally, Akt and HIF-1α inhibitors may be more active when combined with other agents targeted to other signaling pathways activated by KRas in order to bypass resistance mediated by redundant KRas driven signaling pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 306.
Compact, tunable polarization transforming reflector for quasi-optical devices used in terahertz science (2022)

We describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of a compact polarization transforming reflector (PTR). The device can be easily tuned over a broad frequency range, has very little insertion losses, and can easily be integrated into quasi-optical systems that are based on a half-cube design. By varying the distance between the wire grid and a flat mirror, the polarization state of an arbitrary polarized Gaussian incident beam can be set to an output Gaussian beam in either linear or circular polarization. In addition, by varying the orientation of the wire grid, the PTR can be used as a universal polarizer, a property that has not been discussed or demonstrated in the literature. The ability to control the electric field polarization at Terahertz (THz) frequencies is essential for many applications, such as THz spectroscopy and high-field electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
External Quality Assurance of HER2 FISH and ISH Testing (2008)

The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines highlighted the critical importance of quality assurance in diagnostic testing for HER2. Unstained formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma cell line sections were circulated to scheme participants on 9 occasions. "Reference laboratories" reported results for the HER2/chromosome 17 ratio and HER2 copy number for 3 years for each cell line, including 418 sets of results (1,671 results total). The number of participants was 62 laboratories in the final analysis. The mean and SD of results from reference laboratories demonstrated consistency during the 3-year period. The percentage of laboratories achieving "appropriate" results ranged from 45% to 88%, and the percentage achieving "inappropriate" results ranged from 5% to 29%. No consistent effect of the HER2 in situ hybridization testing method was demonstrated. Participation in external quality assurance schemes is a valuable mechanism for demonstrating and acquiring consistency for HER2 testing by in situ hybridization. Poor performance can be corrected via assistance and advice.
Copy Number Loss of 17q22 Is Associated with Enzalutamide Resistance and Poor Prognosis in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2020)

Copy number loss is common in enzalutamide-resistant tumors. Focal deletion of chromosome 17q22 defines a previously unappreciated molecular subset of enzalutamide-resistant mCRPC associated with poor clinical outcome.
The Child in the Family of a Drug-Using Father: Attachment Styles and Family Characteristics (2006)

SUMMARY The study examined the impact of family characteristics and parental attachment styles on the children of drug-using (DU) fathers in fifty-six families (n = 168) in Israel. Of the DU fathers, 60.7% were characterized by avoidant attachment style. Among the non-DU mothers, 53.6% were characterized by secure attachment style, 42.9% by avoidant style, and 3.6% by anxious/ambivalent style. Surprisingly, family cohesion and adaptability scores were similar to the Israeli norm, perhaps because the DUs had completed detoxification treatment and participated in rehabilitation programs. Of the children, 61.8% were characterized by secure attachment style, 21.8% by avoidant style, and 16.4% by anxious/ambivalent style. Stepwise regression to predict children's attachment styles revealed that maternal security of attachment and paternal anxious/ambivalent style predict similar attachment styles among the children. The important combined effects of spousal attachment styles on the children are discussed.
Surface permanent magnet synchronous machine self-sensing position estimation at low speed using eddy current reflected asymmetric resistance (2011)

This paper proposes an alternative position self-sensing method of surface permanent magnet (SPM) machines at low speed using high frequency (HF) signal injection. SPM machines traditionally do not have enough spatial saliency signals because their symmetric rotors result in near zero inductance variation. The proposed solution is to track the HF eddy current reflected asymmetric resistance for position estimation. It will be shown that the spatial variation of resistance can be enhanced when a HF signal is superimposed. Finite element analysis is performed to investigate the asymmetric resistance in different SPM machines. By superimposing a d-axis pulsating vector HF signal, SPM machines can achieve the self-sensing position estimation performance with reduced degradation at high load conditions. Implementation methods are developed to estimate the resistance-based spatial saliency signal for speed and position closed-loop control. A SPM machine prototype with a ring magnet rotor is used for the experimental evaluation.
Refining Automatically-Discovered Lexical Relations: Combining Weak Techniques for Stronger Results (1992)

Knowledge-poor corpus-based approaches to natural language processing are attractive in that they do not incur the difficulties associated with complex knowledge bases and real-world inferences. However, these kinds of language processing techniques in isolation often do not suffice for a particular task; for this reason we are interested in finding ways to combine various techniques and improve their results. Accordingly, we conducted experiments to refine the results of an automatic lexical discovery technique by making use of a statistically-based syntactic similarity measure. The discovery program uses lexico-syntactic patterns to find instances of the hyponymy relation in large text bases. Once relations of this sort are found, they should be inserted into an existing lexicon or thesaurus. However, the terms in the relation may have multiple senses, thus hampering automatic placement. In order to address this problem we applied a termsimilarity determination technique to the problem of choosing where, in an existing lexical hierarchy, to install a lexical relation. The union of these two corpus-based methods is promising, although only partially successful in the experiments run so far. Here we report some preliminary results, and make suggestions for how to improve the technique in future.
FabSquare: Fabricating Photopolymer Objects by Mold 3D Printing and UV Curing (2017)

The FabSquare system is a personal fabrication method that lets users fabricate objects by molding photopolymers inside a 3D printed mold. The molds are printed with UV-transparent materials that allow for UV curing--the polymerization and solidification of the fluid content. The molds can be repeatedly reused to fabricate identical objects or create new objects with identical geometry, but different components. Because the necessary equipment is easily obtainable and affordable, the FabSquare approach is suitable for ordinary users in nonspecialized labs, allowing them to rapidly fabricate a range of objects. https://extras.computer.org/extra/mcg2017030034s1.mp4https://extras.computer.org/extra/mcg2017030034s2.pdf.
Exploiting Nonlinear Dynamics in Novel Measurement Strategies and Devices: From Theory to Experiments and Applications (2011)

This paper is focused on the exploitation of intrinsic nonlinear dynamics toward novel measurement systems and readout methodologies. In particular, sensors that can be represented as nonlinear dynamical systems and are often reducible to systems described by a static nonlinearity are considered; the nonlinear behavior therefore reduces to the dynamics of a system characterized by two or more (meta)stable equilibrium states (or attractors) separated by energetic thresholds to be overcome to transition from one attractor to the other. The presence of a weak unknown target signal is assessed via the monitoring of the “residence times” in the attractors. This operational scenario that is based on the monitoring of suitable “events” avoids an “amplitude-based” readout and provides a very simple and sensitive readout-processing scheme. Many noise effects are also mitigated by the intrinsic decoupling between the amplitude domain of the input signal and the event or time domain of the output signal. We present here the general transduction methodology for this class of “residence-times difference” sensors, together with the experimental results obtained from the working versions of these sensors (in particular, a simple fluxgate magnetometer). We then introduce some novel dynamical behavior that occurs when the active nonlinear (in this case, bistable) elements are coupled using well-crafted coupling topologies. Sensors based on these coupling schemes provide several advantages over their single-element counterparts. We discuss the dynamics of the coupled-element device, summarizing recent theoretical and experimental results. Finally, we describe the construction and performance of working devices (magnetic- and electric-field sensors) based on these concepts.
Up to 115GBaud Faster Than Nyquist PDM-64QAM Based on Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding with Single DAC (2020)

We experimentally demonstrated faster than Nyquist PDM-64QAM based on Tomlinson-Harashima precoding with single DAC. The -30dB bandwidth of the transmitter is lower than 57GHz. The signal speed was improved to 115GBaud by the precoding with an error free operation of more than 1.1 Tb/s throughput.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis Enabled by Microfluidically Linked Organs-on-Chips (2018)

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation approaches are beginning to be integrated into drug development and approval processes because they enable key pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters to be predicted from in vitro data. However, these approaches are hampered by many limitations, including an inability to incorporate organ-specific differentials in drug clearance, distribution, and absorption that result from differences in cell uptake, transport, and metabolism. Moreover, such approaches are generally unable to provide insight into pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters. Recent development of microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip (Organ Chip) cell culture devices that recapitulate tissue-tissue interfaces, vascular perfusion, and organ-level functionality offer the ability to overcome these limitations when multiple Organ Chips are linked via their endothelium-lined vascular channels. Here, we discuss successes and challenges in the use of existing culture models and vascularized Organ Chips for PBPK and PD modeling of human drug responses, as well as in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of these results, and how these approaches might advance drug development and regulatory review processes in the future.
Structure–Catalytic Activity Relationship in Bridging Silacycloalkyl Ring Conformations of Constrained Geometry Titanium Complexes (2008)

Abstract A series of cyclic silylene‐bridged (amidocyclopentadienyl)dichlorotitanium(IV) complexes [TiCl 2 {η 5 ‐1‐(CySi t BuN‐ κ N )‐2,3,4,5‐R 4 ‐C 5 }] was prepared, where CySi = silacyclobutyl ( a ), silacyclopentenyl ( b ), silacyclopentyl ( c ), and silacyclohexyl ( d ); R = H ( 4 ), Me ( 5 ). The starting silane, dichlorosilacycloalkane CySiCl 2 ( 1 ), was treated with NaCp (LiCp*), followed by LiNH t Bu to yield the cyclic silylene‐bridged ligands (R 4 C 5 )CySi(NH t Bu) [R = H ( 2 ); Me ( 3 )]. Subsequent deprotonation with n ‐butyllithium, followed by transmetalation with TiCl 4 yielded the desired constrained geometry complexes (CGCs) (CpCySiN t Bu)TiCl 2 ( 4 ) and (Cp*CySiN t Bu)TiCl 2 ( 5 ). The structures of the resulting cyclopentadienyl‐ ( 4b and 4c ) and tetramethylcyclopentadienyl(silacycloalkyl)amidotitanium(IV) dichloride ( 5a , 5c , and 5d ) species were studied by using X‐ray crystallography to obtain geometrical information on cyclic silylene‐modified CGCs. The ethylene polymerization by the cyclic silylene‐bridged CGCs 4 and 5 was examined to verify the structure–catalytic activity relationship derived from variation of the size of a cyclic silylene ring. Indeed, the size of the cyclic silylene ring at the 1,1′‐position of 4 and 5 affected the catalytic activities through the ethylene polymerization. Systematic increase in the catalytic activities was observed as the cyclic silylene‐bridging unit was expanded from a four‐ to six‐membered ring. In the present study, we found that CGCs of Ti IV with a six‐membered silylene‐bridged ligand ( 5d ) produced active catalytic species for the formation of polyethylene with M w = 42.7 × 10 –4 g mol –1 and M w / M n = 2.1 with excellent catalytic activities (20.9 kg polymer per mmol of Ti). When titanium(IV) dimethyl complex ( 6d ) was applied in continuous polymerization process, impressive high catalytic activity on copolymerization with 1‐octene was observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Practice Guidelines for Ocular Telehealth-Diabetic Retinopathy, Third Edition (2020)

Contributors The following document and appendices represent the third edition of the <i>Practice Guidelines for Ocular Telehealth-Diabetic Retinopathy</i>. These guidelines were developed by the Diabetic Retinopathy Telehealth Practice Guidelines Working Group. This working group consisted of a large number of subject matter experts in clinical applications for telehealth in ophthalmology. The editorial committee consisted of Mark B. Horton, OD, MD, who served as working group chair and Christopher J. Brady, MD, MHS, and Jerry Cavallerano, OD, PhD, who served as cochairs. The writing committees were separated into seven different categories. They are as follows: 1.Clinical/operational: Jerry Cavallerano, OD, PhD (Chair), Gail Barker, PhD, MBA, Christopher J. Brady, MD, MHS, Yao Liu, MD, MS, Siddarth Rathi, MD, MBA, Veeral Sheth, MD, MBA, Paolo Silva, MD, and Ingrid Zimmer-Galler, MD. 2.Equipment: Veeral Sheth, MD (Chair), Mark B. Horton, OD, MD, Siddarth Rathi, MD, MBA, Paolo Silva, MD, and Kristen Stebbins, MSPH. 3.Quality assurance: Mark B. Horton, OD, MD (Chair), Seema Garg, MD, PhD, Yao Liu, MD, MS, and Ingrid Zimmer-Galler, MD. 4.Glaucoma: Yao Liu, MD, MS (Chair) and Siddarth Rathi, MD, MBA. 5.Retinopathy of prematurity: Christopher J. Brady, MD, MHS (Chair) and Ingrid Zimmer-Galler, MD. 6.Age-related macular degeneration: Christopher J. Brady, MD, MHS (Chair) and Ingrid Zimmer-Galler, MD. 7.Autonomous and computer assisted detection, classification and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy: Michael Abramoff, MD, PhD (Chair), Michael F. Chiang, MD, and Paolo Silva, MD.
Optimizing motheye antireflective structures for maximum coupling through As<inf>2</inf>S<inf>3</inf> optical fibers (2012)

We study theoretically the transmissivity of As <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> chalcogenide optical fibers with motheye anti-reflective nanostructures. We show that it is possible to design structures giving greater than 99% transmission from 2-5 μm.
Supplemental Video 1. Intravital imaging of iRGD TPNs in a xenograft model of pancreatic cancer from iRGD-guided Tumor-penetrating Nanocomplexes for Therapeutic siRNA Delivery to Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Intravital imaging of a subcutaneous pancreatic cancer xenograft (MIA PaCa-2) showing distribution of PEGylated iRGD TPNs (green) in tumor cell compartments surrounding abnormal tumor blood vessels. Collagen visualized through second-harmonic generation is displayed in magenta. Images in this video were captured at a depth of 60 μm from the edge of the exposed tumor. Each frame of 0.25 sec represents 5 min of elapsed time, starting 3 minutes after injection of the particles. Please refer to Figure S5 for reference scale bar.&lt;/p&gt;
Android in Action (2011)

DESCRIPTION Android is a free, open source, Java-based mobile platform developed by Google. Android in Action, Third Edition prepares the reader to embrace the Android mobile platform in easy-to-understand language and builds on this foundation with reusable Java code examples. It's ideal for corporate developers and hobbyists who have an interest, or a mandate, to deliver mobile software. Android in Action, Third Edition familiarizes the reader with the Android approach to mobile applications. Following the release of Android 3.0, the Honeycomb version for tablets, this edition has been updated to cover hot topics such as the new 3.0 UI framework, Bluetooth, integration, web development strategies, AppWidget framework, sensor management, and the Android Native Development Kit. RETAIL POINTS Updated to cover the Android 3.0 SDK, designed for tablets. Shows how to create real world 3.0 apps for developers. Crisp, clear, and fun to read.
Measurement of plasma electron density generatedby asemiconductor bridge (SCB) (1994)

To gain better understanding of semiconductor bridge (SCB) discharge behaviour, we have measured the plasma electron density generated by SCBs using a microwave resonator probe technique in a vacuum (≤ 10-5 torr). This method is superior to Langmuir probes in this application because of sheath effects, small bridge areas, and unknown fraction of multiple ions.