gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmitter-in-the-loop optimization of distorted OFDM radar emissions (2013)

The inherent amplitude modulation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has limited its use in radar due to transmitter-induced distortion. Specifically, there is a necessary trade-off between reduced SNR caused by power back-off to accommodate these AM effects and the waveform distortion that occurs when driving the amplifier closer to saturation. Here a method is developed to design OFDM-based radar emissions with low range sidelobes in the presence of transmitter-induced distortion. This work builds upon previous results for hardware-in-the-loop optimization of continuous phase modulation (CPM) waveforms to demonstrate how saturated OFDM emissions may potentially provide a feasible alternative waveform design scheme.
Simple Distributed Control for Modular Multilevel Converters (2019)

The central control of MMC becomes demanding in computation power and communication bandwidth as the number of submodules increase. Distributed control methods can overcome these bottlenecks. In this paper, a simple distributed control method together with synchronization of modulation carriers in the submodules is presented. The proposal is implemented on a lab-scale MMC with asynchronous-serial communication on a star network between the central and local controllers. It is shown that the proposed control method works satisfactorily in the steady state. The method can be applied as is to MMCs with any number of submodules per arm.
Sub-cellular Dynamic Mechanical Response Measurements of Live Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells with Atomic Force Microscopy (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Effect of Cysteine on Formation of Streptolysin S by Group A Streptococci. (1964)

Cysteine and other sulfhydryl compounds markedly enhance the formation of streptolysin S by 4 strains of group A streptococci. In the presence of cysteine (0.001 M) 10,000-30,000 hemolytic units per ml were obtained from strain S 84 type 3 in comparison with 1,000-3,000 units in the absence of cysteine. The role of cysteine in formation of hemolysin is not clear but it probably acts as a donor of SH compounds essential for an unknown process, rather than as a reducing agent. The inhibition of hemolysin formation by 3 amino acid analogues phenylserine, phenylglycine and acetyl-pro-line is reversed to a large extent by sulfhydryl compounds. Thus 0.002 M of cysteine reverses to a large extent the inhibition of hemolysin formation caused by as much as 0.1 M of phenylserine.
RNA-seq pinpoints a Xanthomonas TAL-effector activated resistance gene in a large-crop genome (2012)

Transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins of the plant pathogenic bacterial genus Xanthomonas bind to and transcriptionally activate host susceptibility genes, promoting disease. Plant immune systems have taken advantage of this mechanism by evolving TALE binding sites upstream of resistance (R) genes. For example, the pepper Bs3 and rice Xa27 genes are hypersensitive reaction plant R genes that are transcriptionally activated by corresponding TALEs. Both R genes have a hallmark expression pattern in which their transcripts are detectable only in the presence and not the absence of the corresponding TALE. By transcriptome profiling using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq), we tested whether we could avoid laborious positional cloning for the isolation of TALE-induced R genes. In a proof-of-principle experiment, RNA-seq was used to identify a candidate for Bs4C, an R gene from pepper that mediates recognition of the Xanthomonas TALE protein AvrBs4. We identified one major Bs4C candidate transcript by RNA-seq that was expressed exclusively in the presence of AvrBs4. Complementation studies confirmed that the candidate corresponds to the Bs4C gene and that an AvrBs4 binding site in the Bs4C promoter directs its transcriptional activation. Comparison of Bs4C with a nonfunctional allele that is unable to recognize AvrBs4 revealed a 2-bp polymorphism within the TALE binding site of the Bs4C promoter. Bs4C encodes a structurally unique R protein and Bs4C-like genes that are present in many solanaceous genomes seem to be as tightly regulated as pepper Bs4C. These findings demonstrate that TALE-specific R genes can be cloned from large-genome crops with a highly efficient RNA-seq approach.
A SOI-based CMOS-MEMS IR image sensor with partially released reference pixels (2011)

We have developed a 22 µm pitch and 320 × 240 pixel uncooled IR (infrared) image sensor. For IR detection, we utilized single crystal silicon series p–n junctions, which were fabricated on a SOI (silicon on insulator) wafer utilizing 8 inch CMOS technology and MEMS processes. The p–n junctions were passivated with buried and laminated oxide layers from wet crystalline etching of the silicon substrate. The oxide layers were also utilized to absorb the IR radiation and to form supporting beams. The partially released pixels were utilized as thermal black pixels (TBs) instead of optical black pixels (OBs) for correlated double sampling. The IR image sensor utilizing TBs obtained a thermal image of the human body stably without the smearing phenomenon.
Pre-ornithine transcarbamylase. Properties of the cytoplasmic precursor of a mitochondrial matrix enzyme. (1981)

Biogenesis of the mitochondrial matrix enzyme, ornithine transcarbamylase, has been shown to begin with synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes of a precursor, designated pre-ornithine transcarbamylase, which is approximately 4000 daltons larger than its corresponding mitochondrial subunit, followed by post-translational uptake and proteolytic processing of the precursor to its mature counterpart by mitochondria. We now report initial studies on the structure and properties of preornithine transcarbamylase. When this precursor is labeled at the NH2 terminus with N-formyl[35S]methionine and processed by mitochondria, no label is recovered with the mature subunit. This demonstrates that the amino acid extension which is characteristic of the precursor and which is removed during mitochondrial processing is NH2-terminal. This NH2-terminal extension is found intact in two peptides produced by limited proteolysis of the labeled precursor. Moreover, this amino acid extension modifies the behavior of the precursor during immunoprecipitation in the presence of ionic detergents and plays a critical role in facilitating uptake of the precursor by mitochondria.
A Broadband 1850-nm 40-Gb/s Receiver Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Silicon Waveguides (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate a FWM-based receiver operating at long wavelengths. The scheme successfully demultiplexes a 1866-nm 40-Gb/s NRZ signal into 10-Gb/s tributaries while simultaneously wavelength-converting it to 1320 nm for photodetection.
Rotating Sample System:  An Equivalent of a Rotating Electrode for Microliter Samples (1997)

Voltammetric experiments in sample droplets of 20 microL volume were carried out with gold ring electrodes microfabricated on Pyrex substrates. The droplet studied was centered and kept in place by a hydrophobic ring deposited on the substrate around the ring electrode, which also ensured that each sample assume a semispherical shape. A small hole in the center of the substrate filled with an agar gel membrane served as a junction. A mild jet of humidified nitrogen gas directed tangentially at the droplet caused it to rotate at a high rate. Cyclic voltammetry and constant-potential electrolysis of potassium ferricyanide were used to characterize this rotating sample system and to calculate diffusion layer thickness. The results clearly demonstrate that rotating of a semispherical microsample placed above a stationary ring electrode with a mild gas jet can be as effective as a rotating electrode system. As a practical example, voltammetric stripping analysis of 20-120 pmol mercuric nitrate samples was performed with a calibration of good linearity (r2 = 0.988) and a time constant for exhaustive electrolysis of approximately 2 min.
Total Synthesis of Aspercyclide C. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Association between emphysema, exacerbations and mortality in the COPDGene and SPIROMICS cohorts (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Thoracic imaging is frequently used in individuals at risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), but the clinical relevance of incidentally noted emphysema has not been well defined. We sought to use data from two large cohort studies to evaluate the association between emphysema and COPD outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> COPDGene subjects (n=9,442) with smoking history ≥10 pack-years and SPIROMICS subjects (n=2,707) with ≥20 pack-years were analyzed. The relationship between CT-based emphysema and COPD outcomes including quality of life, risk of future exacerbations and all-cause mortality was examined. <b>Results:</b> Longitudinal COPDGene and SPIROMICS data demonstrated that a cut-point of emphysema ≥5% (defined as the percentage of voxels &lt;-950 HU on CT) was associated with greater symptoms (SGRQ 35 vs. 22, p&lt;0.001 and 40 vs. 27, p&lt;0.001, respectively) as well as greater annual exacerbations (0.69 vs. 0.29, p=0.03 and 0.46 vs. 0.21, p&lt;0.001, respectively). In COPDGene and SPIROMICS, ≥5% emphysema was also associated with higher mortality (3.18 vs. 0.98 deaths per 100 person-years, p&lt;0.001 and 2.66 vs. 0.89 deaths per 100 person-years, p=0.01, respectively). These differences were most pronounced in individuals with airflow obstruction as defined by FEV1/FVC &lt;0.70. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data imply the presence of 5% emphysema or more on quantitative CT is a clinically significant finding, particularly if combined with the presence of airflow obstruction. These individuals are at greater risk for worse outcomes including respiratory symptoms, more frequent exacerbations and death.
Pulsed DC and Anode Depolarization in Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Generation. (1994)

Abstract : This research effort investigated the effects of anode depolarization and pulsed DC on the performance of the water electrolytic process for hydrogen generation. An experimental approach was implemented using the Fm01-LC electrolytic cell manufactured by ICI Chemical & Polymers Company. The Fm01-LC had a stainless steel cathode and platinum-coated titanium anode. Using a 10 percent by weight sulfuric acid as an electrolyte, the experimental results show that significant improvement in the performance of the water electrolysis is feasible. The anode depolarization process has the potential of improving the water electrolysis performance up to three times that of the conventional water electrolysis. On the other hand, Using pulsed DC caused current polarity reversal during the off period of the pulse. Placing a diode in the circuit prevented the polarity reversal but allowed the electrolytic cell to maintain a DC voltage level of 2.3 volts. The results of pulsed DC are in conflict with those reported in the literature. A basic research program is proposed to investigate the effects of pulsed DC, anode depolarization with the use of the state-of-the-art 3-D ultramicroelectrodes. jg p.3
Predicting Pyrite and Total Organic Carbon from Well Logs for Enhancing Shale Reservoir Interpretation (2012)

Abstract Accurate quantification of total organic carbon (TOC) is an important step in evaluating log data in organic-rich reservoirs. The literature describes many log-based approaches for predicting TOC that have been introduced over the years, including the use of uranium content or GR linear regression, bulk density, the DeltaLogR approach, neural network approach, and a response equation-based method using sonic, density, and resistivity logs. All of the approaches require core-to-log calibration for validation. Each of these techniques involves assumptions for them to be valid, and, in a given instance, it is possible some techniques will not produce reliable results. However, good log-based TOC quantifications can be achieved by taking the median average of TOC estimates from several indicators. Many shale reservoirs contain 10 wt% pyrite and total organic carbon (TOC), which translates to 7% pyrite and 20% kerogen by volume. High volumetric percentages of pyrite and kerogen significantly affect the rock grain density. In low-porosity shale reservoirs, each 0.02 g/cm3 error in grain density produces approximately 1 p.u. error in porosity. Pyrite is commonly present in organic-rich shale intervals of shale gas formations because of the reducing conditions that enhanced organic matter preservation, and it may play a role in decreased resistivity response if the volume is sufficient. Consequently, in shale reservoirs, any method of predicting TOC using resistivity logs, such as DeltaLogR, should also consider the presence of pyrite. Similarly, TOC predictions based on bulk-density logs may also be sensitive to elevated pyrite concentrations. The link between pyrite presence and the depositional environment for many organic-rich shale reservoirs suggests that pyrite and sulfur may be useful TOC indicators in some situations. This paper examines the possible application of pyrite and sulfur for predicting TOC in shale reservoirs, such as in the Haynesville shale reservoir, but results should be applicable to many other shale reservoirs. An interesting result is that, although it may be possible to calibrate a TOC-based pyrite indicator for individual wells, the calibration is not universally applicable.
Dual delivery of nucleic acids and PEGylated-bisphosphonates via calcium phosphate nanoparticles (2019)

Abstract Despite many years of research and a few success stories with gene therapeutics, efficient and safe DNA delivery remains a major bottleneck for the clinical translation of gene-based therapies. Gene transfection with calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles brings the advantages of low toxicity, high DNA entrapment efficiency and good endosomal escape properties. The macroscale aggregation of CaP nanoparticles can be easily prevented through surface coating with bisphosphonate conjugates. Bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, recently showed promising anticancer effects. However, their poor cellular permeability and preferential bone accumulation hamper their full application in chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the dual delivery of plasmid DNA and alendronate using CaP nanoparticles, with the goal to facilitate cellular internalization of both compounds and potentially achieve a combined pharmacological effect on the same or different cell lines. A pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate conjugate was synthetized and used to formulate stable plasmid DNA-loaded CaP nanoparticles. These particles displayed good transfection efficiency in cancer cells and a strong cytotoxic effect on macrophages. The in vivo transfection efficiency, however, remained low, calling for an improvement of the system, possibly with respect to the extent of particle uptake and their physical stability. Graphical abstract
Co(NO3)2 as an inverted umbrella-type chiral noncoplanar ferrimagnet (2020)

Low-dimensional magnetic systems tend to reveal exotic spin liquid ground states or form peculiar types of long-range order. The realization of either ordered or disordered ground states in triangular, honeycomb, or kagome lattices is dictated by the competition of exchange interactions, being sensitive also to anisotropy and to the spin value of magnetic ions. Here, the authors present the case of a chiral noncoplanar umbrella-type ferrimagnet formed in cobalt (II) dinitrate, Co(NO${}_{3}$)${}_{2}$.
Surface Modification of Smooth Poly(l-lactic acid) Films for Gelatin Immobilization (2012)

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is widely used in drug delivery and medical implants. Surface modification of PLLA with functional groups to immobilize gelatin or other extracellular matrix proteins is commonly used to improve its cellular affinity. In this work, we use the oxygen plasma to treat PLLA film followed by modification with organosilanes with different functional groups, such as amine, epoxy, and aldehyde groups. Gelatin is then immobilized on the modified PLLA film, which is confirmed by water contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Among the used organosilanes, aminosilane is the best one for modification of PLLA used for immobilization of gelatin with the highest efficiency. Moreover, the cellular affinity of gelatin-immobilized PLLA is studied through the evaluation of cell proliferation and focal adhesion using the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our experimental results show that the gelatin immobilized on aminosilane- and aldehyde-silane-modified PLLA improves the cellular affinity of HUVECs, whereas that immobilized on epoxy-silane-modified PLLA does not show significant improvement on the cell proliferation.
RAM-Jam: Remote Temperature and Voltage Fault Attack on FPGAs using Memory Collisions (2019)

It has been demonstrated that with concrete hardware Trojans, a remote adversary can mount physical attacks, e.g., fault or side-channel attacks, against adjacent IP cores in an FPGA. In this work, we present a novel remote fault attack, called RAM-Jam, which exploits an existing weakness in the dual port RAMs of mainstream FPGAs. The possibility of concurrent writing of opposite logic values into these RAMs not only leads to data uncertainty but also causes transient short circuits. With a sufficient number of RAM collisions, there are severe voltage drops and excessive heat that result in timing faults as well as bit-flips in the FPGA's configuration memory. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our fault injection technique and further present attacks against two applications, including a soft authentication scheme and the first remote fault attack against a deep neural network. Finally, we discuss potential countermeasures to prevent such attacks.
A compact electron energy analyzer for measuring field emission energy distributions (1999)

A simple instrument to determine field emission tip work functions and shape functions from simultaneous current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and field emission energy distributions of field emitter tips and tip arrays is described. This instrument uses a cylindrical energy analyzer with a few correcting elements to simulate a hemispherical analyzer and provides a low cost and more compact alternative to a commercial hemispherical spectrometer. I–V curves and energy distributions may be automatically obtained as a function of time to study field emission tip degradation with usage and/or exposure to gases of interest.
MaGNAS: A Mapping-Aware Graph Neural Architecture Search Framework for Heterogeneous MPSoC Deployment (2023)

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are becoming increasingly popular for vision-based applications due to their intrinsic capacity in modeling structural and contextual relations between various parts of an image frame. On another front, the rising popularity of deep vision-based applications at the edge has been facilitated by the recent advancements in heterogeneous multi-processor Systems on Chips (MPSoCs) that enable inference under real-time, stringent execution requirements. By extension, GNNs employed for vision-based applications must adhere to the same execution requirements. Yet contrary to typical deep neural networks, the irregular flow of graph learning operations poses a challenge to running GNNs on such heterogeneous MPSoC platforms. In this paper, we propose a novel unified design-mapping approach for efficient processing of vision GNN workloads on heterogeneous MPSoC platforms. Particularly, we develop MaGNAS, a mapping-aware Graph Neural Architecture Search framework. MaGNAS proposes a GNN architectural design space coupled with prospective mapping options on a heterogeneous SoC to identify model architectures that maximize on-device resource efficiency. To achieve this, MaGNAS employs a two-tier evolutionary search to identify optimal GNNs and mapping pairings that yield the best performance trade-offs. Through designing a supernet derived from the recent Vision GNN (ViG) architecture, we conducted experiments on four (04) state-of-the-art vision datasets using both (i) a real hardware SoC platform (NVIDIA Xavier AGX) and (ii) a performance/cost model simulator for DNN accelerators. Our experimental results demonstrate that MaGNAS is able to provide 1.57x latency speedup and is 3.38x more energy-efficient for several vision datasets executed on the Xavier MPSoC vs. the GPU-only deployment while sustaining an average 0.11% accuracy reduction from the baseline.
A Hierarchical Transistor and Gate-Level Statistical Timing Flow for Microprocessor Designs (2009)

This paper presents a hierarchical statistical timing flow for microprocessor designs with minimal run-time and memory overhead compared to a deterministic timing flow. Application of the flow to robust custom circuit design under variability is highlighted. I. CONTEXT High performance microprocessors contain custom designed circuit macros to achieve aggressive frequency targets. These custom designed circuits are typically timed using circuit simulation engines. Microprocessor designs can contain upwards of one billion transistors. Circuit simulation, while highly accurate, is run-time intensive and is not practical to use in a timing flow where chip level timing runs are made daily during the design cycle of the chip. This has led to the development of hierarchical contract-based timing where custom parts of the design are timed using transistor level timing tools [1] with circuit simulation type accuracy; followed by
U-band 200 mW pseudomorphic InGaAs power HEMT (2002)

A U-band pseudomorphic InGaAs power HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) has been developed. The device has two 400 mu m gate-width unit cells connected in parallel with monolithically integrated Wilkinson-type microstrip power divider and combiner. A state-of-the-art output power of 23.4 dBm (219 mW) is obtained at 55 GHz with 4.1 dB gain and 18% power-added-efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Crystal Structure and Lithium Insertion Properties of Orthorhombic Li2TiFe(PO4)3 and Li2TiCr(PO4)3. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The appearance of L‐selectinlow polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the circulating pool of peripheral blood during myocardial infarction correlates with neutrophilia and with the size of the infarct (1999)

The neutrophilia during the early phases of acute MI correspond to the appearance of the L-selectin(low) population of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. There is a correlation between the appearance of this population and the size of the infarct.