gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origin of the Boosting Effect of Polyoxometalates in Photocatalysis: The Case of CO2 Reduction by a Rh-Containing Metal–Organic Framework (2022)

The immobilization of polyoxometalates (POMs) near catalytic centers of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been reported as an advantageous strategy to boost their photocatalytic activity toward strategic reactions such as CO2 reduction (CO2RR) or hydrogen evolution (HER), although the reasons for such enhancement are still poorly understood. Unveiling the role of POM guests in the reaction mechanisms is therefore a key step toward the development of the next generation of multicomponent catalytic materials with optimal photocatalytic performances. Here, we elucidate the remarkable role of encapsulated [PW12O40]3– (PW12) polyoxometalates in boosting the photocatalytic activity of the Rh-functionalized UiO-67 MOF toward CO2RR and HER by combining theoretical density functional theory and microkinetic modeling approaches with experimental photophysical and spectroscopic techniques. First, we characterized in detail the reaction mechanism for CO2RR and HER catalyzed by the PW12-containing Rh-functionalized MOF, using [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as the photosensitizer (PS) and triethanolamine (TEOA) as the sacrificial electron donor in acetonitrile. Our results reveal that the encapsulated POMs act as efficient electron reservoirs, which quench [Ru(bpy)3]+─the photogenerated reduced form of the PS─and transfer the electrons to the Rh catalytic sites of the MOF. Notably, this is shown to favor the regeneration of the oxidized PS over its unproductive degradation, boosting the turnover numbers of the photocatalytic system. Such a mechanism can explain not only the higher formate and H2 product yields in the POM-containing catalyst but also the experimentally observed higher impact on the HER pathway than that on the CO2RR one, as the source of protons is generated in the reductive quenching of the photoexcited PS by TEOA. Finally, our computational exploration was extended to a whole variety of POMs, which allowed establishing relationships between their redox potentials and the activity of the related POM-containing catalytic materials. The optimal activity is reached when both the ability of the POM to accept electrons and that of its reduced form to reduce the Rh catalyst are simultaneously maximized, leading to a volcano plot whereby POMs with a moderate redox potential display the highest impact on photocatalytic performances.
Primary and secondary human in vitro T-cell responses to soluble antigens are mediated by subsets bearing different CD45 isoforms. (1992)

A culture system has been developed which consistently supports in vitro proliferative responses to conventional soluble antigens by human CD4+ T cells from non-immunized donors. T cells exposed to an antigen in primary cultures could be restimulated in vitro in an antigen-specific manner to give secondary responses with greater magnitudes and a more rapid onset than the initial reaction. To characterize further the responding T-cell population in primary compared with secondary reactions, T cells were depleted of CD45RA+ or CD45RO+ cells and stimulated with recall and non-recall antigens. It was found that the soluble non-recall antigen keyhole limpet haemocyanin did not stimulate CD45RO+ T cells, yet induced strong proliferative responses from CD45RA+ T cells. Conversely, it was confirmed that human CD45RO+ T cells respond to the recall antigen-purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell mixing experiments indicated that CD45RO+ T cells are unlikely to have any suppressive effect on the reactivity of CD45RA+ cells to non-recall antigens. These data provide new support for the hypothesis that CD45RA+ represents the naive and CD45RO+ the memory phenotype of human CD4+ T cells.
NL-Augmenter: A Framework for Task-Sensitive Natural Language\n Augmentation (2021)

Data augmentation is an important component in the robustness evaluation of\nmodels in natural language processing (NLP) and in enhancing the diversity of\nthe data they are trained on. In this paper, we present NL-Augmenter, a new\nparticipatory Python-based natural language augmentation framework which\nsupports the creation of both transformations (modifications to the data) and\nfilters (data splits according to specific features). We describe the framework\nand an initial set of 117 transformations and 23 filters for a variety of\nnatural language tasks. We demonstrate the efficacy of NL-Augmenter by using\nseveral of its transformations to analyze the robustness of popular natural\nlanguage models. The infrastructure, datacards and robustness analysis results\nare available publicly on the NL-Augmenter repository\n(https://github.com/GEM-benchmark/NL-Augmenter).\n
Fanout flipchip eWLB (embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array) technology as 2.5D packaging solutions (2013)

The market for portable and mobile data access devices connected to a virtual cloud access point is exploding and driving both increased functional convergence as well as increased packaging complexity and sophistication. This is driving an unprecedented demand to increase the variety of wafer level, thin POP (Package on Package), and TSV (Through Silicon Via)/Interposer packaging solutions. It is expected to see more exciting interconnect technologies of wafer level packaging such as TSV, 2.5D Interposers, eWLB (embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array)/FO-WLP (Fan Out Wafer Level Package) to meet these needs. FO-WLP/eWLB has been introduced into production to allow for higher ball count WLP, by extending the package size beyond the area of the chip. eWLB technologies are leading the way to the next level of thin packaging capability. eWLB provides a robust packaging platform supporting very dense interconnection and routing of multiple-die in very reliable, low-profile/low-warpage 2.5D and 3D solutions. The use of these embedded FO-WLP packages in a side-by-side configuration to replace a stacked package configuration, and to utilize as the base for a 3D TSV configuration, is critical to enable a more cost effective mobile market capability. Combining the analog and memory device with digital device packaging capability can provide an optimum solution for achieving the best performance in thin multiple-die integration aimed at very high performance. This paper highlights the rapidly moving trend towards packaging technologies with extended-die/fanout flipchip technology. Package and substrate design study, mechanical and thermal characterization of flipchip eWLB solution over high-end flipchip would be presented.
<title>Evaluation of characteristics of VUV optical materials irradiated by F<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser</title> (2000)

The F<SUB>2</SUB> Laser (wavelength 157nm) is becoming the most promising candidate of light source for next generation optical micro-lithography below the 100nm-technology node. We have developed VUV optics evaluation system, which is able to measure the transmittance between DUV and VUV region right after laser irradiation and the temporal transmittance during 157nm-laser irradiation. This system structured by Ni-plated Aluminum and stainless steel. The inside of chamber is purged of any laser light absorption gas away with high purity nitrogen gas during the irradiation. Using this system, we can measure the characteristics of the irradiated sample without exposing to the air of other contamination sources. So this system has +/- 0.5% accuracy result in repeated measurement. In the in-situ transmittance measure system, the transmittance can be monitored during F<SUB>2</SUB> laser irradiation. And we evaluated characteristics of VUV optical materials in the early period of F<SUB>2</SUB> laser irradiation by this in-situ transmittance measure system.
Two New Peltogynoids fromAcacia niloticaDelile with Kinase Inhibitory Activity (2009)

Two new peltogynoids, acanilol (1) and acanilol B (2), were isolated from the stem bark of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile, together with the known triterpene lupenone. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data, mainly UV, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The new compounds were tested as kinase inhibitors against CDK1, GSK3, CK1, and DYRK1A, and acanilol B was identified as a DYRK1A inhibitor, with an IC(50) of 19 microM.
Chemical and Electrochemical Reactions in Porous Sol-Gel Materials (2006)

Abstract : Sol-gel synthesis approaches have enabled researchers to design composite-type materials where dopant molecules which carry out various types of chemical reactions are trapped in the nanopores of the host material. Dopant molecules have been shown to undergo chemical, photochemical and electrochemical reactions in the pores of sol-gel matrices with specific examples including complexation reactions, redox reactions, catalysis, protonation-deprotonation, isomerization and ion/electron transfer. The interconnected pore network of the xerogel or aged gel structure ensures that the molecules are responsive to the outside environment, yet the molecules are also trapped within the inorganic matrix which confines molecular motion and prevents their being leached from the matrix. jg p.1
ZFP36L2 Role in Thyroid Functionality (2021)

Thyroid hormone levels are usually genetically determined. Thyrocytes produce a unique set of enzymes that are dedicated to thyroid hormone synthesis. While thyroid transcriptional regulation is well-characterized, post-transcriptional mechanisms have been less investigated. Here, we describe the involvement of ZFP36L2, a protein that stimulates degradation of target mRNAs, in thyroid development and function, by in vivo and in vitro gene targeting in thyrocytes. Thyroid-specific <i>Zfp36l2</i><sup>-/-</sup> females were hypothyroid, with reduced levels of circulating free Thyroxine (cfT4) and Triiodothyronine (cfT3). Their hypothyroidism was due to dyshormonogenesis, already evident one week after weaning, while thyroid development appeared normal. We observed decreases in several thyroid-specific transcripts and proteins, such as <i>Nis</i> and its transcriptional regulators (<i>Pax8</i> and <i>Nkx2</i>.1), and increased apoptosis in <i>Zfp36l2</i><sup>-/-</sup> thyroids. <i>Nis</i>, <i>Pax8,</i> and <i>Nkx2</i>.1 mRNAs were also reduced in <i>Zfp36l2</i> knock-out thyrocytes in vitro (L2KO), in which we confirmed the increased apoptosis. Finally, in L2KO cells, we showed an altered response to TSH stimulation regarding both thyroid-specific gene expression and cell proliferation and survival. This result was supported by increases in P21/WAF1 and p-P38MAPK levels. Mechanistically, we confirmed <i>Notch1</i> as a target of ZFP36L2 in the thyroid since its levels were increased in both in vitro and in vivo models. In both models, the levels of <i>Id4</i> mRNA, a potential inhibitor of <i>Pax8</i> activity, were increased. Overall, the data indicate that the regulation of mRNA stability by ZFP36L2 is a mechanism that controls the function and survival of thyrocytes.
Intranasal Vaccination with a Lentiviral Vector Strongly Protects against SARS-CoV-2 in Mouse and Golden Hamster Preclinical Models (2020)

Summary To develop a vaccine candidate against COVID-19, we generated a Lentiviral Vector (LV), eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Systemic vaccination by this vector in mice, in which the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor hACE2 has been induced by transduction of respiratory tract cells by an adenoviral vector, conferred only partial protection, despite an intense serum neutralizing activity. However, targeting the immune response to the respiratory tract through an intranasal boost with this LV resulted in &gt; 3 log10 decrease in the lung viral loads and avoided local inflammation. Moreover, both integrative and non-integrative LV platforms displayed a strong vaccine efficacy and inhibited lung deleterious injury in golden hamsters, which are naturally permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication and restitute the human COVID-19 physiopathology. Our results provide evidence of marked prophylactic effects of the LV-based vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and designate the intranasal immunization as a powerful approach against COVID-19. Highlights A lentiviral vector encoding for Spike predicts a promising COVID-19 vaccine Targeting the immune response to the upper respiratory tract is key to protection Intranasal vaccination induces protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Lung anti-Spike IgA responses correlate with protection and reduced inflammation
All-Optical Subsea Sensing and Communications (2023)

Abstract Subsea control systems utilize electric and/or optical communication channels within subsea optical distribution systems for redundant, duplex telemetry between topside facilities and subsea control systems. Downhole fiber optic sensing (DFOS) systems utilize the same subsea optical distribution systems for establishing transmission paths between the same topside facilities and downhole sensing fibers. To date, subsea fiber optic control and sensing systems have been operated on independent subsea optical distribution systems. This redundancy introduces complexity and cost into the overall subsea optical distribution system required for subsea developments. We describe the systems that combine fiber optic communications for subsea control systems and downhole fiber optic sensing systems into the same subsea optical distribution system. This enables simultaneous operation of communications between the topsides and subsea control module, and the topside interrogation of multiple downhole fiber optic sensors while preserving dry-tree equivalent sensing performance.
Stehe Stabilization of Liposomes Improves Their Use in Diagnostics (2019)

The use of liposomes in improving diagnostic assays for a broad spectrum of medical, environmental, and civil defense purposes, is demonstrated in many scientific papers as described in detail elsewhere. The main advantage of the liposome-based diagnostic assay is that it combines the lack of need to use radioactivity with increased sensitivity due to spontaneous amplification. One aspect which may offset the increase in sensitivity due to use of liposomes is a reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio. The principle of the assay is to use the fluorescent sterically stabilized immunoliposomes having the specific MAb attached to their surface as a means to detect the presence of antigen recognized by the specific MAb. One of the major factors which may reduce the sensitivity of liposome-based fluorescence immunoassay is aggregation of the liposomes which may be induced by the medium components other than the analytes.
Elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bipolar disorder (2010)

Brain KYNA levels are increased in euthymic men with bipolar disorder. In addition, KYNA levels increased with age in these patients. These findings indicate shared mechanisms between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Elevated levels of brain KYNA may provide further insight to the pathophysiology and progression of bipolar disorder.
Hierarchical Scheduling for (2008)

Hierarchical scheduling has been proposed as a scheduling technique to achieve aggregate resource partitioning among related groups of threads and applications in uniprocessor and packet scheduling environments. Existing hierarchical schedulers are not easily extensible to multiprocessor environments because 1) they do not incorporate the inherent parallelism of a multiprocessor system while resource partitioning and 2) they can result in unbounded unfairness or starvation if applied to a multiprocessor system in a naive manner. In this paper, we present hierarchical multiprocessor scheduling (H-SMP), a novel hierarchical CPU scheduling algorithm designed for a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) platform. The novelty of this algorithm lies in its combination of space and time multiplexing to achieve the desired bandwidth partition among the nodes of the hierarchical scheduling tree. This algorithm is also characterized by its ability to incorporate existing proportional-share algorithms as auxiliary schedulers to achieve efficient hierarchical CPU partitioning. In addition, we present a generalized weight feasibility constraint that specifies the limit on the achievable CPU bandwidth partitioning in a multiprocessor hierarchical framework and propose a hierarchical weight readjustment algorithm designed to transparently satisfy this feasibility constraint. We evaluate the properties of H-SMP using hierarchical surplus fair scheduling (H-SFS), an instantiation of H-SMP that employs surplus fair scheduling (SFS) as an auxiliary algorithm. This evaluation is carried out through a simulation study that shows that H-SFS provides better fairness properties in multiprocessor environments as compared to existing algorithms and their naive extensions. Index Terms—Multiprocessor, hierarchical, scheduling, proportional share.
Low‐silica Cu‐CHA Zeolite Enriched with Al Pairs Transcribed from Silicoaluminophosphate Seed: Synthesis and Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction Performance (2023)

Abstract Cu‐exchanged low‐silica CHA zeolites (Si/Al≤4) synthesized without organic templates are promising candidate catalysts for ammonia selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NH 3 ‐SCR), but their practical application is restricted due to the low hydrothermal stability. Here, inspired by the transcription from duplex DNA to RNA, we synthesized Al pairs enriched low‐silica CHA zeolite (CHA‐SPAEI, Si/Al=3.7) by using silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) featured by strict alternation of −Al−O−P(Si)−O−Al−O− tetrahedra as seed. The proportion of Al pairs in CHA−SPAEI is 78 %, which is much higher than that in the conventional low‐silica CHA (CHA‐LS, 52 %). After hydrothermal ageing at 800 °C for 6 h, Cu‐exchanged CHA‐SPAEI shows NO conversion above 90 % within 225–500 °C under a gas hourly space velocity of 200,000 h −1 , which is much better than that of Cu‐exchanged CHA‐LS. The spatial close proximity of Al pairs in CHA‐SPAEI is confirmed by the 27 Al double‐quantum single‐quantum two‐dimensional NMR analyses. The strict −P(Si)−O−Al−O−P(Si)−O‐ sequence in the fragments from the dissolution of SAPO seed promotes the Al pairs with the −Al−O−Si−O−Al−O− sequence via a transcription process. The utilization of aluminophosphate‐based zeolites as seeds opens up a new avenue for the regulation of the Al distribution in zeolites.
Evaluation of a Vapor-Compression Thermal Management System for Reliability While Operating Under Thermal Transients (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Advances in aircraft technology have brought about a necessity for new aircraft thermal management architectures in order to maintain reasonable cost, size, weight, and power requirements of the overall thermal system. Two-phase cooling technologies such as vapor-compression systems have demonstrated significant benefits and offer a serious option for emerging new aircraft thermal management applications. Although vapor-compression technology offers a steady state solution to many of the limitations of existing aircraft thermal management systems, industry concerns about transient behavior need to be addressed. The purpose of this research was to investigate transient effects on the vapor compression system when the majority of the onboard thermal loads are cooled directly with the vapor-compression system and how these systems operate under the rapid thermal transients that a military aircraft experiences during combat missions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Within this overall study, an experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the transient capabilities of a vapor-compression thermal bus while also rejecting waste heat to variable environmental conditions representative of the conditions experienced during a combat mission. For this analysis, a vapor-compression thermal bus was developed to directly cool four independent, high-heat-flux thermal loads. The system was then evaluated for its ability to react to the changing conditions, maintain a uniform temperature at the cooled components, and maintain desirable fluid conditions at the inlet to the system's compressor. In addition, the effects and penalties of a recuperative heat exchanger as a method to improve reliability (through increased compressor inlet superheat) was also experimentally evaluated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In prior publications, the authors have discussed the Heat Pump Loop Thermal Bus and the advantages of using the individual throttling valves at the inlet of each cold plate to control the exit superheat from each individual cold plate. However, industry concerns about the ingestion of transient liquid slugs of refrigerant by the compressor and the concern that possibly a liquid-vapor separator at the inlet of the compressor was required were a primary reason for these demonstration experiments. During experiments, operation without accumulation of liquid upstream of the compressor was maintained. This was done while autonomously managing the superheat at the exit of each cold plate, maintaining a near uniform temperature through the cold plates, and operating efficiently by controlling the speed of the compressor. Through this evaluation, it has been shown that vapor-compression technology can operate reliably with both transient thermal loading conditions and transient environmental conditions that can be expected during military air combat operations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Clinical and Radiographic Factors Do Not Accurately Diagnose Smear-Negative Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Inpatients in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study (2010)

Clinical and radiographic criteria did not help diagnose smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients with unexplained cough in a low-income setting. Enhanced diagnostic methods for smear-negative tuberculosis are urgently needed.
Organometallic Homogeneous Catalysis—Quo vadis? (1997)

Abstract Homogeneous catalysis is the success story of organometallic chemistry. Otto Roelen's initial discovery of hydroformylation in 1938 not only entailed large‐capacity production plants but was later followed by systematic research into the catalytic chemistry of the ever‐growing class of organometallic compounds. Further developments in industrial chemistry towards clean, low‐temperature, low‐pressure, and economic processes—in feedstock or in the fine chemicals and polymer area—clearly depend on improved catalysts. Molecularly defined, tailor‐made structures are the safest prerequisites for chemical selectivity; hence, organometallic compounds with their overwhelming variety of compositions and structures offer the most promising approach. Wilkinson's catalysts [HRh(CO){P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] and [ClRh{P(C 6 H 5 )} 3 } 3 ] are outstanding examples. On the other hand, process technology has to be considered also (for example catalyst‐product separation and hear‐exchange problems). The following review attempts to critically assess the future trends and present demands in the applied area of orgnometallic catalysis–a “gentle art” that is far from being a mature field.
Supplementary Methods from Extracellular Vesicles from High-Grade Glioma Exchange Diverse Pro-oncogenic Signals That Maintain Intratumoral Heterogeneity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary material and methods&lt;/p&gt;