gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Anion‐Binding Properties, and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Prodigiosin Analogues (2005)

Doppelt wirksam: Das Erkennen des Chloridions und der H+/Cl−-Ionentransport („symport“) durch die Membran könnten die biologische Wirkung von Prodigiosin gegen Tumoren erklären, wie aus Modellstudien unter Beteiligung pyrrolbasierter Anionenrezeptoren folgt, die als Mimetika der Schlüsselelemente dieses natürlichen Pigments entworfen wurden (siehe Bild). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z501740_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Phase readout of thermal conductivity-based gas sensors (2011)

This work presents an integrated phase-domain ADC for surface-micromachined thermal-conductivity-based gas sensors. The concentration of hydrogen in air is detected via the concentration-dependent phase shift of an AC-driven thermal filter. Because thermal conductivity is measured in the phase, rather than in the amplitude domain, the readout circuit is insensitive to gain and offset errors. The ADC is implemented using a phase-domain sigma-delta modulator. Simulation results show that the system has a resolution of 0.06% <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration in a 1Hz BW, while dissipating only 100μ;W in the thermal conductivity sensor.
A framework for fair allocation of resources to Internet services in micro-cellular networks (2003)

Resources allocation in a wireless environment is complex. Internet user traffic demand varies with time. The time varying behavior of the Internet traffic makes the resources allocation problem even worse. We propose a framework for fair allocation of resources to Internet services in micro-cellular environment. Our algorithm allocates the network resources fairly among Internet users while achieving efficient network utilization. The algorithm can be implemented in real time since it takes a relatively small amount of execution time for a reasonably large cellular network.
On The Importance of Understanding Biointeractions of Nanomaterials with the Immune System (2014)

In this brief editorial we would like to express our opinion on one of the most urgent problems in the field of nanomedicine. A recent review by Weissleder and colleagues nicely summarized this problem in the following paragraph: “Reviewing recent literature reveals a disequilibrium: an exponentially growing number of papers describe the synthesis of new nanomaterials, but relatively few manuscripts comprehensively investigate the biological behavior and/or advantages over existing materials. We clearly need more of the latter. Indeed, an argument could be made that all new nanomaterials should be accompanied by more comprehensive biological profiling, including cytometry analysis of cell distribution and other biological assays”.
Assessing the Safety Performance of Occupant Restraint Systems (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The purpose of this study was to investigate approaches evaluating the performance of safety systems in crash tests and by analytical simulations. The study was motivated by the need to consider the adequacy of injury criteria and tolerance levels in FMVSS 208 measuring safety performance of restraint systems and supplements. The study also focused on additional biomechanical criteria and performance measures which may augment FMVSS 208 criteria and alternative ways to evaluate dummy responses rather than by comparison to a tolerance level.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Additional analysis was conducted of dummy responses from barrier crash and sled tests to gain further information on the performance of restraint systems. The analysis resulted in a new computer program which determined several motion and velocity criteria from measurements made in crash tests. These data provide new insights on restraint performance including torso angle change, the effectiveness of occupant restraint from velocity buildup -- called the &lt;u&gt;Restraint Quotient&lt;/u&gt; -- and forward displacement and rebound of the chest and pelvis. The various approaches are used to discuss Hybrid III responses from 24 barrier crash and 23 Hyge sled tests.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Four additional experiments were critically evaluated to validate the new analysis. They involved a lap-shoulder belted Hybrid III female dummy with the lap-belt positioned low on the pelvis for restraint or pre-positioned on the abdomen for submarining. By comparing calculated and film analyzed data, the Restraint Quotient program was found to predict accurately those test results.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Numbers relating to FMVSS 208 criteria values were reduced 15%-25% by lap-belt submarining over lap-belt restraint. The addition of an abdominal injury criterion and use of a frangible abdomen helped predict injury risk to the abdomen and an overall higher risk of injury with lap-belt submarining. The use of motion and velocity criteria also identified poorer performance with lap-belt submarining.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Several approaches were reviewed to interpret the overall performance and injury risks of safety systems in a crash. The preferred method was found to be &lt;u&gt;injury risk assessment&lt;/u&gt; which represents dummy responses as injury risks using Logist probability functions. This enables injury in each body region to be assessed by the maximum risk from applicable biomechanical criteria. Whole body injury is determined by summing the individual risks from each body region.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The motion and velocity criteria determined from the Restraint Quotient program were useful in complementing the biomechanical criteria to assess injury. They may be helpful in an overall determination of the crash performance of restraint systems, supplements and enhancements.&lt;/div&gt;
Development of Bacillus methanolicus methanol dehydrogenase with improved formaldehyde reduction activity (2018)

Methanol dehydrogenase (MDH), an NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent oxidoreductase, reversibly converts formaldehyde to methanol. This activity is a key step for both toxic formaldehyde elimination and methanol production in bacterial methylotrophy. We mutated decameric Bacillus methanolicus MDH by directed evolution and screened mutants for increased formaldehyde reduction activity in Escherichia coli. The mutant with the highest formaldehyde reduction activity had three amino acid substitutions: F213V, F289L, and F356S. To identify the individual contributions of these residues to the increased reduction activity, the activities of mutant variants were evaluated. F213V/F289L and F213V/F289L/F356S showed 25.3- and 52.8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (k<sub>cat</sub>/K<sub>m</sub>) than wild type MDH, respectively. In addition, they converted 5.9- and 6.4-fold more formaldehyde to methanol in vitro than the wild type enzyme. Computational modelling revealed that the three substituted residues were located at MDH oligomerization interfaces, and may influence oligomerization stability: F213V aids in dimer formation, and F289L and F356S in decamer formation. The substitutions may stabilise oligomerization, thereby increasing the formaldehyde reduction activity of MDH.
Inhomogeneity of donor doping in SrTiO3 substrates studied by fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (2013)

Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was applied to investigate the donor distribution in SrTiO3 single crystals. On the surfaces of Nb- and La-doped SrTiO3, structures with different fluorescence intensities and lifetimes were found that could be related to different concentrations of Ti3+. Furthermore, the inhomogeneous distribution of donors caused a non-uniform conductivity of the surface, which complicates the production of potential electronic devices by the deposition of oxide thin films on top of doped single crystals. Hence, we propose FLIM as a convenient technique (length scale: 1 μm) for characterizing the quality of doped oxide surfaces, which could help to identify appropriate substrate materials.
Protein-based biorefining driven by nitrogen-responsive transcriptional machinery (2020)

These results suggested that the nitrogen-responsive transcriptional machinery offers the potential to decouple production from growth, highlighting this system as a novel candidate to realize growth phase-independent and stress-resistant biofuel production.
Hydrogen-induced lattice expansion of vanadium in a Fe/V (001) single-crystal superlattice (1997)

The hydrogen-induced lattice expansion of the vanadium layers in a Fe/V (001) single crystal superlattice (${\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{Fe}}$/${\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{V}}$=1.8/1.6 nm) was investigated by x-ray diffraction. The expansion coefficient (${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{s}}$) was found to be strongly dependent on the hydrogen concentration. At concentrations below 0.1 in average H/V (atomic ratio) it was determined to ${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{s}}$=0.35(1), which is almost twice the coefficient for bulk vanadium. The corresponding lattice parameter changes are six times those in the bulk material. This gigantic lattice expansion is inferred to be partially caused by the immediate population of the octahedral z sites in the superlattice structure. At intermediate concentrations (0.1--0.3) the expansion coefficient is approximately 0.10, and at the highest concentrations it is even further reduced. The nonlinear behavior is associated with the long range of the host-mediated elastic interaction and the local ordering of the dipolelike elastic distortion of the host lattice.
.alpha.,.omega.-Bis(benzotriazoloxy)alkane system (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.,.omega.-Bis(benzotriazoloxy)alkane systemWilliam A. Feld and Dale G. EvansCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1983, 28, 1, 138–139Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00031a038https://doi.org/10.1021/je00031a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Diels—Alder Macrocyclization Enables an Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of the Antibacterial Natural Product Abyssomicin C. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Contribution of Long Polar Fimbriae to the Virulence of Rabbit-Specific Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (2004)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major of cause of diarrhea among children in developing countries. Although EPEC is a human specific pathogen, some related strains are natural pathogens of animals, including laboratory-bred rabbits. We have identified two chromosomal loci in rabbit-specific EPEC (REPEC) O15:H- strain 83/39, which are predicted to encode long polar fimbriae (LPF). lpf(R154) was identical to a fimbrial gene cluster, lpf(O113), identified previously in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O113:H21. The second locus, lpf(R141), comprised a novel sequence with five predicted open reading frames, lpfA to lpfE, that encoded long fine fimbriae in nonfimbriated E. coli ORN103. The predicted products of lpf(R141) shared identity with components of the lpfABCC'DE gene cluster from EHEC O157:H7, and the fimbriae were similar in morphology and length to LPF from EHEC O157:H7. Interruption of lpf(R141) resulted in significant attenuation of REPEC 83/39 for rabbits with respect to the early stages of colonization and severity of diarrhea. However, there was no significant difference in the number of bacteria shed at later time points or in overall body weight and mortality rate of rabbits infected with lpf(R141) mutant strains or wild-type REPEC 83/39. Although rabbits infected with the lpf(R141) mutants did not develop severe diarrhea, there was evidence of attaching and effacing histopathology, which was indistinguishable in morphology, location, and extent compared to rabbits infected with wild-type REPEC 83/39. The results suggested that lpf(R141) contributes to the early stages of REPEC-mediated disease and that this is important for the development of severe diarrhea in susceptible animals.
Structure and Dynamics of Liquid Crystalline Pattern Formation in Drying Droplets of DNA (2006)

We investigate the formation of ringlike deposits in drying drops of DNA. In analogy with the colloidal "coffee rings," DNA is transported to the perimeter by the capillary flow. At the droplet edge, however, DNA forms a lyotropic liquid crystal (LC) with concentric chain orientations to minimize the LC elastic energy. During the final stages of drying, the contact line retracts, and the radial stress causes undulations at the rim that propagate inward through the LC and form a periodic zigzag structure. We examine the phenomenon in terms of a simple model based on LC elasticity.
Increasing Polarization-Mode Dispersion Tolerance of Coherent Receivers by Joint Optimization of Chromatic Dispersion and Butterfly Equalizers (2013)

We propose a joint equalizer optimization technique and show that this technique can restore the PMD tolerance of a coherent receiver that is degraded by other inter-symbol-interference impairments such as residual CD and narrow-band filtering.
Sub-Doppler laser spectroscopy on relativistic beams and tests of Lorentz invariance (2009)

We demonstrate sub-Doppler laser spectroscopy with a beam of ${^{7}\text{L}\text{i}}^{+}$ ions stored at 33.8% of the speed of light in the experimental storage ring at GSI. Using two lasers, the one copropagating and the other counterpropagating, with respect to the ion beam, a fluorescence line is observed via optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy on a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type level configuration. A linewidth of $\ensuremath{\approx}114\text{ }\text{MHz}$ is found, which is 12 times narrower than the Doppler broadening due to the momentum spread of the ion beam. Interpreted as a test of Lorentz invariance, we find $|{\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{2}|&lt;1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, a $25\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ tighter limit on $O\mathbf{(}{(v/c)}^{4}\mathbf{)}$ deviations from time dilation than any other experiment.
Motion-guided quantization for video tone mapping (2014)

Tone Mapping Operators (TMOs) transform High Dynamic Range (HDR) contents to address Low Dynamic Range (LDR) displays. However, before reaching the end-user, these contents are usually compressed using a codec (coder-decoder) for broadcasting or storage purposes. Achieving the best trade-off between rendering and compression efficiency is of prime importance. Any TMO includes a rounding quantization to convert floating point values to integer ones. In this work, we propose to modify this quantization to increase the compression efficiency of the tone mapped content. By using a motion compensation, our technique preserves the rendering intent of the TMO while maximizing the correlations between successive frames. Experimental results show that we can save up to 12% of the total bit-rate as well as an average bit-rate reduction of 8.5% for all the test sequences. We show that our technique can be applied to other applications such as denoising.
Effect of specimen configuration and notch root angle on fatigue behavior of novel dissimilar resistance spot welds of AA5754 to HSLA steel (2022)

Facing stringent requirements for fuel economy and regulations for greenhouse gas emissions, structural lightweighting using multi-material solutions has become commonplace in the automotive industry. When joining dissimilar materials such as aluminum to steel by resistance spot welding (RSW), a thin layer of brittle intermetallic compound forms at the aluminum-steel interface and dominates mechanical behavior of the joint. In this contribution, RSW of 1.1 mm thick AA5754 sheet to 2.0 mm thick high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel sheet was performed using multi-ring domed (MRD) electrodes and multiple solidification weld schedules to achieve acceptable static joint strength. Load-controlled fatigue tests were conducted and the results show that the fatigue life is longer in the AA5754 to HSLA steel spot welds than that of the 1.1 mm thick AA5754 joined to itself (aluminum-aluminum). Structural stress analysis revealed that all fatigue life data points from both the lap shear and coach peel configurations fall onto a single master curve indicating that the weld nugget diameter is the controlling parameter for fatigue life. Finite element simulation considering material inhomogeneity in the weld further confirms that a large notch root angle at the weld nugget is beneficial to yield longer fatigue life as less maximum principal strain occurs in the aluminum sheet in the AA5754-HSLA steel spot welds.
Time optimal torque control and loss minimization in AC machines using deadbeat direct torque and flux control (2011)

This paper presents time optimal torque control in overmodulation and switching level loss minimization control of an induction machine (IM) and an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) via deadbeat, direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC). Using DB-DTFC, the stator flux linkage can be manipulated each PWM cycle to minimize losses during normal operation. Due to voltage limits during overmodulation it may take a sequence of incremental torque commands over several PWM periods to achieve a desired air-gap torque that is physically infeasible in one step. In that case, the DB control becomes finite settling step (FSS) control in which the steps may be optimized using time optimal strategies. In this paper, a time optimal FSS control using a DB-DTFC solution during overmodulation and a loss minimizing DB-DTFC solution over the full torque-speed operating space are proposed and evaluated for IM and IPMSM drives.
Identification of a Common Neurobiological Substrate for Mental Illness (2015)

We identified a concordance across psychiatric diagnoses in terms of integrity of an anterior insula/dorsal anterior cingulate-based network, which may relate to executive function deficits observed across diagnoses. This concordance provides an organizing model that emphasizes the importance of shared neural substrates across psychopathology, despite likely diverse etiologies, which is currently not an explicit component of psychiatric nosology.
TAPAS: A Thresholding Approach for Probability Map Automatic Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis (2020)

Total brain white matter lesion (WML) volume is the most widely established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcome measure in studies of multiple sclerosis (MS). To estimate WML volume, there are a number of automatic segmentation methods available, yet manual delineation remains the gold standard approach. Automatic approaches often yield a probability map to which a threshold is applied to create lesion segmentation masks. Unfortunately, few approaches systematically determine the threshold employed; many methods use a manually selected threshold, thus introducing human error and bias into the automated procedure. In this study, we propose and validate an automatic thresholding algorithm, Thresholding Approach for Probability Map Automatic Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis (TAPAS), to obtain subject-specific threshold estimates for probability map automatic segmentation of T2-weighted (T2) hyperintense WMLs. Using multimodal MRI, the proposed method applies an automatic segmentation algorithm to obtain probability maps. We obtain the true subject-specific threshold that maximizes the Sørensen-Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Then the subject-specific thresholds are modeled on a naive estimate of volume using a generalized additive model. Applying this model, we predict a subject-specific threshold in data not used for training. We ran a Monte Carlo-resampled split-sample cross-validation (100 validation sets) using two data sets: the first obtained from the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) on a Philips 3 Tesla (3T) scanner (n = 94) and a second collected at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) using a Siemens 3T scanner (n = 40). By means of the proposed automated technique, in the JHH data we found an average reduction in subject-level absolute error of 0.1 mL per one mL increase in manual volume. Using Bland-Altman analysis, we found that volumetric bias associated with group-level thresholding was mitigated when applying TAPAS. The BWH data showed similar absolute error estimates using group-level thresholding or TAPAS likely since Bland-Altman analyses indicated no systematic biases associated with group or TAPAS volume estimates. The current study presents the first validated fully automated method for subject-specific threshold prediction to segment brain lesions.
Application of Laser Radar in Atmosphere Environment Monitoring (2013)

laser radar is a kind of modern active optical remote sensing device and is the outcome of the combination of the traditional radar technology and the modern laser technology. It takes laser as the light source and senses remotely the target through the radiation signal generated when the detecting laser and the target interact. This paper summarizes the structure and classification of the laser radar for the purpose of atmosphere composition detection, and also discusses the existing problems and development trends.
The functional relationship of the posterior oblique ligament to the medial collateral ligament of the human knee (1985)

Strain in the human knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was measured in cadavers with a Hall effect strain transducer during normal passive knee flexion, as well as knee flexion accompanied by applied external tibial rotation and valgus torques. In an attempt to determine the contribution of the posterior oblique ligament (POL) to the strain behavior of the MCL, the POL was systematically separated from the MCL and changes in strain in the MCL were observed. These changes in strain were mild and variable, except in the one knee which was later found to be lacking an anterior cruciate ligament. In that particular knee, strain in the MCL increased up to 9.97% under the influence of a valgus torque once the POL fibers had been separated from the MCL. Anatomical dissection and transillumination techniques of the MCL/POL complex demonstrated definite ligament fibers connecting the MCL to the POL. The results demonstrate an intimate anatomical relationship between the POL and MCL. However, the POL and MCL appear to work independently from each other according to our test method.