gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfonatocalixarenes: molecular capsule and ‘Russian doll’ arrays to structures mimicking viral geometry (2006)

p-Sulfonatocalix[4,5,6,8]arenes are versatile building blocks, able to assemble into 'molecular capsule' arrays based on two calixarenes, as well as a variety of other structural motifs, with the extended structures dominated by the formation of bilayers. For p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, assembly into nanometre scale spheroids (of either icosahedral or cuboctahedral geometries) as well as nanotubules (all of which take on structural features akin to those of viruses) is possible, depending on the guest molecules and lanthanides present in solution.
FL4IoT: IoT Device Fingerprinting and Identification Using Federated Learning (2023)

Unidentified devices in a network can result in devastating consequences. It is, therefore, necessary to fingerprint and identify IoT devices connected to private or critical networks. With the proliferation of massive but heterogeneous IoT devices, it is getting challenging to detect vulnerable devices connected to networks. Current machine learning-based techniques for fingerprinting and identifying devices necessitate a significant amount of data gathered from IoT networks that must be transmitted to a central cloud. Nevertheless, private IoT data cannot be shared with the central cloud in numerous sensitive scenarios. Federated learning (FL) has been regarded as a promising paradigm for decentralized learning and has been applied in many different use cases. It enables machine learning models to be trained in a privacy-preserving way. In this article, we propose a privacy-preserved IoT device fingerprinting and identification mechanisms using FL; we call it FL4IoT. FL4IoT is a two-phased system combining unsupervised-learning-based device fingerprinting and supervised-learning-based device identification. FL4IoT shows its practicality in different performance metrics in a federated and centralized setup. For instance, in the best cases, empirical results show that FL4IoT achieves ∼99% accuracy and F1-Score in identifying IoT devices using a federated setup without exposing any private data to a centralized cloud entity. In addition, FL4IoT can detect spoofed devices with over 99% accuracy .
Effects of environmental factors on perinatal outcome: neurological development in cases of intrauterine growth retardation and school performance of children perinatally exposed to ionizing radiation. (1993)

We performed two studies to investigate environmental factors in relation to neurological development in infants. The first, a field study, examined the elementary school performance of 929 children who were born from mothers exposed to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, August 6, 1945. The most severe mental retardation was observed in the group exposed between 8 and 15 weeks following fertilization, and the second most severely damaged group was exposed between 16 and 25 weeks. The second, a clinical investigation, examined infants in the perinatal center who survived intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Those who survived with abnormal neurological development had a mean growth arrest corresponding to a uterine height of 27 weeks of gestation. This was at an earlier stage than those who survived with normal neurological development and had a mean growth arrest corresponding to 29-30 weeks of gestation. A smaller head circumference at birth was closely correlated with abnormal neurological sequelae. These results indicate that the brain development of the fetuses may have been affected by neurotoxic events similar to ionizing radiation. We emphasize the importance of avoiding neurotoxic stress to pregnant women when the fetus is in the critical period of neuronal development, before 27 weeks of gestational age.
To What Extent Can Complimentary Irrigation of Wheat with Wastewater, on Soils Along Belbais Drain, Affect the Plants? (2016)

Water shortage is one of the important issues in the coming century. Thus, many countries are forced towards using non-conventional water sources such as wastewaters. Compared with fresh waters, treated wastewaters usually contain higher contents of plant nutrients. To assess the implications of using wastewater of Belbais drain for complimentary irrigations of wheat, ten locations along the drain were selected for water sampling. Soil and wheat samples were also collected from the nearby farms at the aforementioned locations. There were no specific trends or distribution patterns detected for contents of each of NO3-N, P, B and As along the drain. NO3-N in water had a slight to moderate degree of restriction on use. Also, P-content exceeded its normal range in irrigation water. In spite of that, contents of N and P in wheat were within the normal range in shoot and grain. Content of B in water had a slight to moderate degree of restriction on use, but plants did not exhibit B toxicity symptoms. Contents of As in water of many locations exceeded the permissible level of 0.1 mg As L-1. Contents of As in soil (2.1 - 3.7 mg As kg-1) did not exceed the permissible level of 10 mg kg-1, but As in grains exceeded the permissible level of 1 mg kg-1 for food stuff. The calculated elemental grain/shoot ratio varied between 0.5439 and 0.8299. Individual practices of farmers on lands nearby Belbais drain are most certainly behind the increase in contents of the investigated elements in water of the drain. Efficient management of irrigation using wastewater of agricultural Drains in Egypt cannot be attained without increasing farmers’ awareness of the negative aspects that may arise due to the unmanaged agricultural practices.
Streptochlorin Isolated from Streptomyces sp. Induces Apoptosis in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells Through a Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway (2008)

Streptochlorin is a small molecule isolated from marine Streptomyces sp. that is known to have antiangiogenic and anticancer properties. In this study, we examined the effects of this compound on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the association of these effects with apoptotic tumor cell death, using a human hepatocarcinoma Hep3B cell line. The results of this study demonstrated that streptochlorin mediates ROS production, and that this mediation is followed by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, m), activation of caspase-3, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. The quenching of ROS generation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine administration, a scavenger of ROS, reversed the streptochlorin-induced apoptosis effects via inhibition of ROS production, MMP collapse, and the subsequent activation of caspase-3. These observations clearly indicate that ROS are involved in the early molecular events in the streptochlorin-induced apoptotic pathway. Taken together, our data imply that streptochlorin-induced ROS is a key mediator of MMP collapse, which leads to the caspase-3 activation, culminating in apoptosis.
Cell Surface Differentiation Antigens of the Malignant T Cell in Sezary Syndrome and Mycosis Fungoides (1981)

Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and rabbit heteroantisera, we have studied the cell surface markers of peripheral blood (PB) Sezary cells from six patients with mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome, disease grouped within the spectrum of cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL). Furthermore, we have studied two cell lines (Hut 78 and Hut 102) derived from malignant Sezary T cells from CTCL patients. The monoclonal antibody 3A1 defines a major human PB T cell subset (85% of PB T cells) while the antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 4F2 is present on a subset (70%) of activated PB T cells and on circulating PB monocytes. In contrast to normal subjects in whom 60-70% of circulating PB mononuclear cells were 3A1(+) T cells, PB mononuclear cells from six CTCL patients studied had an average of only 10.6+/-3.2% 3A1(+) T cells. Whereas 85% of E-rosette positive cells from normal individuals were 3A1(+), virtually all E-rosette positive T cells from the Sezary patients were 3A1(-). Two patients with high numbers of circulating Sezary T cells had both aneuploid and diploid PB T cell populations present; after separation of PB T cells into 3A1(+) and 3A1(-) cell suspensions, all 3A1(-) cells were found to be aneuploid. In contrast to normal resting PB T cells which were 4F2(-), all PB Sezary cells were 4F2(+), suggesting a state of activation. The 3A1 antigen was on a variety of acute lymphoblastic leukemia T cell lines (HSB-2, RPMI-8402, MOLT4, CEM) but was absent on the Hut 78 and Hut 102 Sezary T cell lines. Using rabbit anti-human T and anti-human Ia (p23, 30) antisera, we found that all malignant Sezary PB cells tested were killed by anti-T cell antiserum plus complement but not by anti-Ia plus complement. In contrast, Sezary cell lines Hut 78 and 102, were killed by both anti-T cell antiserum and anti-Ia plus complement. Similar to 3A1(-) normal PB T cells, 3A1(-) Sezary PB T cells proliferated poorly to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. However, 3A1(-) Sezary T cells were able to provide T cell help towards pokeweed mitogen-induced in vitro B cell immunoglobulin synthesis, an immunoregulatory function limited to 3A1(+) T cells in normal subjects.Thus, the 3A1 antigen is present on 85% of normal PB T cells, and on most T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia lines tested; in contrast the 3A1 antigen is not present on the majority of circulating malignant Sezary PB T cells nor on T cell lines derived from malignant Sezary T cells. The lack of expression of the 3A1 antigen may be associated with malignant transformation of T cells in CTCL and may be an important marker for tracing the clonal origin of the malignant Sezary T cell.
Acid-Base Disturbances in Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (1991)

Eighty-one consecutive cases of uncomplicated cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) were retrospectively graded for severity of chest roentgenogram (CXR) changes and grouped according to primary acid-base abnormalities, either single or mixed. Mean age was 72, 50 male, 31 female. Twenty-three percent had no acid-base disturbances (ABD). Isolated respiratory alkalosis was most common (41%), followed by metabolic acidosis, 22%; metabolic alkalosis, 10%, and respiratory acidosis, 9%. Age, sex, race distribution, morbidity and mortality were not significantly different between the groups. Overall mortality was 17%. Significantly higher mortality was associated with age over 70, pH less than 7.4, and presence of acute myocardial infarction. CXR scores did not correlate with pH, pCO2 or pO2, mortality or morbidity. Some patients with the most severe ABDs recovered while others, who had no ABD on presentation, eventually died. Thus, in 81 consecutive episodes of uncomplicated CPE, isolated respiratory alkalosis was the commonest ABD, occurring in 41%. No correlation was found between ABD and severity of CPE, morbidity or mortality.
Pleiotropic antitumor effects of the pan‐HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 against c‐Myc‐overexpressing human B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (2014)

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) extensively contribute to the c-Myc oncogenic program, pointing to their inhibition as an effective strategy against c-Myc-overexpressing cancers. We, thus, studied the therapeutic activity of the new-generation pan-HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 (Givinostat®) against c-Myc-overexpressing human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs). ITF2357 anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects were analyzed in B-NHL cell lines with c-Myc translocations (Namalwa, Raji and DOHH-2), stabilizing mutations (Raji) or post-transcriptional alterations (SU-DHL-4) in relationship to c-Myc modulation. ITF2357 significantly delayed the in vitro growth of all B-NHL cell lines by inducing G1 cell-cycle arrest, eventually followed by cell death. These events correlated with the extent of c-Myc protein, but not mRNA, downregulation, indicating the involvement of post-transcriptional mechanisms. Accordingly, c-Myc-targeting microRNAs let-7a and miR-26a were induced in all treated lymphomas and the cap-dependent translation machinery components 4E-BP1, eIF4E and eIF4G, as well as their upstream regulators, Akt and PIM kinases, were inhibited in function of the cell sensitivity to ITF2357, and, in turn, c-Myc downregulation. In vivo, ITF2357 significantly hampered the growth of Namalwa and Raji xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Noteworthy, its combination with suboptimal cyclophosphamide, achieved complete remissions in most animals and equaled or even exceeded the activity of optimal cyclophosphamide. Collectively, our findings provide the rationale for testing the clinical advantages of adding ITF2357 to current therapies for the still very ominous c-Myc-overexpressing lymphomas. They equally provide the proof-of-concept for its clinical evaluation in rational combination with the promising inhibitors of B-cell receptor and PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis currently in the process of development.
Amino Acid Ester Prodrugs of Nucleoside and Nucleotide Antivirals (2017)

Studies were performed successfully on 1-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy) propyl]cytosine (cidofovir), 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine and some (R)-2- (phosphonomethoxy)propyl and 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl derivatives including adefovir.
Properties of LiNbO3Thin Film Deposited by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Frequency Characteristics of Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator (2011)

We have realized the fabrication of a film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) using a thin LiNbO3 film deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for the first time. As a result, a 2.9 GHz FBAR with an impedance ratio of 40 dB at resonant ( fr) and antiresonant ( fa) frequencies was realized. The LiNbO3 film has a mixed polarity. As a result of scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SNDM), -c domains and +c domains occupy 82 and 18% of the LiNbO3 film, respectively. A shear mode was not excited on the fabricated FABR. According to a calculation, it is found that the shear wave mode can be suppressed by selecting the thickness of electrodes without any changes in the main responses of the longitudinal mode wave. It is important to deposit another oriented LiNbO3 film with a larger coupling factor to realize a wider-band device.
Microwave Fabrication of MFI Zeolite Crystals with a Fibrous Morphology and Their Applications (2004)

Der Einbau von Metall und die mikrowellengestützte Synthese von MFI-Zeolithen führen zur Kristallstapelung in einer Richtung und somit zu einer Fasermorphologie (siehe Bilder des Ti-MFI-Zeoliths). Diese Struktur hat ungewöhnliche physikochemische Eigenschaften zur Folge, nämlich eine geringere Packungsdichte und höhere Hydrophobie als nichtfasrige Analoga, womit bessere Katalyseeigenschaften und bessere größenselektive Adsorption einhergehen.
Defect Reduction by Nitrogen Purge of Wafer Carriers (2014)

Nitrogen purge of wafer carriers is driving defect density reduction at critical process steps. We discuss several examples of defect creation related to the environment of the semiconductor wafer and how nitrogen purge of carriers improves defect density. We have applied nitrogen purge at the gate formation, SiGe epitaxy and silicide formation process steps and we report experimental split data from in line inspection and the result at electrical test. From the impact of the nitrogen purge we can draw conclusions about the nature of defect formation. The impact on volume manufacturing is demonstrated.
Impact of stress‐response related transcription factor overexpression on lignocellulosic inhibitor tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae environmental isolates (2020)

Numerous transcription factor genes associated with stress response are upregulated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the presence of inhibitors that result from pretreatment processes to unlock simple sugars from biomass. To determine if overexpression of transcription factors could improve inhibitor tolerance in robust S. cerevisiae environmental isolates as has been demonstrated in S. cerevisiae haploid laboratory strains, transcription factors were overexpressed at three different expression levels in three S. cerevisiae environmental isolates. Overexpression of the YAP1 transcription factor in these isolates did not lead to increased growth rate or reduced lag in growth, and in some cases was detrimental, when grown in the presence of either lignocellulosic hydrolysates or furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural individually. The expressed Yap1p localized correctly and the expression construct improved inhibitor tolerance of a laboratory strain as previously reported, indicating that lack of improvement in the environmental isolates was due to factors other than nonfunctional expression constructs or mis-folded protein. Additional stress-related transcription factors, MSN2, MSN4, HSF1, PDR1, and RPN4, were also overexpressed at three different expression levels and all failed to improve inhibitor tolerance. Transcription factor overexpression alone is unlikely to be a viable route toward increased inhibitor tolerance of robust environmental S. cerevisiae strains.
Frequency-domain detection of superluminal group velocity in a distributed Bragg reflector (2000)

Using a free-space configuration and a frequency-domain detection setup, group velocities of electromagnetic waves in a distributed Bragg reflector are investigated. Experimental data indicate that, near the regions of minimal transmission in our configuration, the group velocity is 2.1 times faster than the speed of light in vacuum. A transmission model based on diagonalization of the transfer matrix is used to compare the experimental data and the theoretical calculations, and good agreement is obtained. An overview of the experimental uncertainties and their effects on the measured quantities is provided.
Multimodal Approaches to High-Risk Prostate Cancer (2010)

Widespread use of testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has led to a migration in the stage and grade of prostate cancer (PCa), with most men presenting with localized disease. However, 20%-35% of patients still present with high-risk disease (PSA > 20 ng/mL, biopsy Gleason score 8-10, or clinical stage T3). Despite advances in various treatment modalities, patients with high-risk disease have a significant chance of recurrence and death after surgery, often because of the presence of early occult metastasis at time of diagnosis. The optimal management of high-risk pca remains controversial. The present article aims to discuss the traditional approaches and the more recent evolution toward multimodal therapies.
Potential Beneficial Effects of Cytomegalovirus Infection after Transplantation (2018)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause significant complications after transplantation, but recent emerging data suggest that CMV may paradoxically also exert beneficial effects in two specific allogeneic transplant settings. These potential benefits have been underappreciated and are therefore highlighted in this review. First, after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell-replete grafts, CMV reactivation is associated with protection from leukemic relapse. This association was not observed for other hematologic malignancies. This anti-leukemic effect might be mediated by CMV-driven expansion of donor-derived memory-like NKG2C<sup>+</sup> NK and Vδ2<sup>negγδ</sup> T-cells. Donor-derived NK cells probably recognize recipient leukemic blasts by engagement of NKG2C with HLA-E and/or by the lack of donor (self) HLA molecules. Vδ2<sup>negγδ</sup> T cells probably recognize as yet unidentified antigens on leukemic blasts via their TCR. Second, immunological imprints of CMV infection, such as expanded numbers of Vδ2<sup>negγδ</sup> T cells and terminally differentiated TCRαβ<sup>+</sup> T cells, as well as enhanced NKG2C gene expression in peripheral blood of operationally tolerant liver transplant patients, suggest that CMV infection or reactivation may be associated with liver graft acceptance. Mechanistically, poor alloreactivity of CMV-induced terminally differentiated TCRαβ<sup>+</sup> T cells and CMV-induced IFN-driven adaptive immune resistance mechanisms in liver grafts may be involved. In conclusion, direct associations indicate that CMV reactivation may protect against AML relapse after allogeneic HSCT, and indirect associations suggest that CMV infection may promote allograft acceptance after liver transplantation. The causative mechanisms need further investigations, but are probably related to the profound and sustained imprint of CMV infection on the immune system.
Signal transduction by the platelet Fc receptor (1990)

We have evaluated the mechanism by which crosslinking human platelet Fc receptor (FcR) for IgG triggers platelet aggregation and the platelet release reaction. Platelet FcR was crosslinked by incubating purified human platelets with anti-FcRII monoclonal antibody and F(ab')2 anti-mouse Ig. The resultant [Ca2+]i increase, monitored by Fura-2 and measured in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, reached a peak of 750 +/- 50 nmol/L. The effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, aspirin and indomethacin, and a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, dibromoacetophenone, were examined. Regardless of the inhibitor, at least 25% of the [Ca2+]i increase remained. Thrombin (0.2 U/mL) stimulated an immediate [Ca2+]i increase that reached 1.95 +/- 0.8 mumol/L. The [Ca2+]i increase generated by thrombin was only slightly reduced by these inhibitors. Crosslinking the FcRII of platelets resulted in a fivefold increase in the production of [3H]inositol phosphates, (IP) which, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ was insensitive to aspirin. The activation of a [Ca2+]i increase along with the measured increases in IP indicate that FcRII crosslinking leads to the activation of phospholipase C (PLC). In contrast to thrombin, platelet activation via FcRII depends to a large extent on arachidonic acid metabolites. However, neither cyclooxygenase nor phospholipase A2 inhibitors completely blocked FcRII-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase. These observations led us to propose that crosslinking of platelet FcRII initially activates PLC.
The Protein Expression ofStreptococcuspyogenesIs Significantly Influenced by Human Plasma (2005)

During the courser of infection, the common human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes encounters plasma. We show that plasma causes S. pyogenes to rapidly remodel its cellular metabolism and virulence pathways. We also identified a variant of the major virulence factor, M1 protein, lacking 13 amino acids at the NH2-terminus in bacteria grown with plasma. The pronounced effect of plasma on protein expression, suggests this is an important adaptive mechanism with implications for S. pyogenes pathogenicity. Keywords: Streptococcus pyogenes • 2D-PAGE • plasma • M protein • post-translational modifications