gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Biomechanics of Human Cadaveric Cervical Spines With Mature Fusion (2021)

Cervical spine segments with mature fusion have higher bone mass, are less flexible than freshly fixed spines, and have reduced mobility at adjacent levels.
An evaluation study of leach protocol under different scenarios (2014)

This paper proposes a methodology for performance evaluation of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing protocols. The methodology is simulation based and it considers the life time of the network (both the number of rounds before the death of the first node and the number of rounds before the death of the last node), the residual energy and the energy of the energy dissipation. The methodology was tested using LEACH protocol
Interactive Data Visualization (2015)

An Updated Guide to the Visualization of Data for Designers, Users, and ResearchersInteractive Data Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications, Second Edition provides all the theory, details, and tools necessary to build visualizations and systems involving the visualization of data. In color throughout, it explains basic terminology
Anticancer Effects of Mesothelin-Targeted Immunotoxin Therapy Are Regulated by Tyrosine Kinase DDR1 (2016)

Recombinant immunotoxins (RIT) have been highly successful in cancer therapy due, in part, to the high cancer-specific expression of cell surface antigens such as mesothelin, which is overexpressed in mesothelioma, ovarian, lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers, but is limited in normal cells. RG7787 is a clinically optimized RIT consisting of a humanized anti-mesothelin Fab fused to domain III of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, in which immunogenic B-cell epitopes are silenced. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of RITs, we conducted a kinome RNAi sensitization screen, which identified discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a collagen-activated tyrosine kinase, as a potential target. The collagen/DDR1 axis is implicated in tumor-stromal interactions and potentially affects tumor response to therapy. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DDR1 on RIT. Knockdown of DDR1 by siRNA or treatment with inhibitor, 7rh, greatly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of RG7787 in several cancer cell lines. Investigation into the mechanism of action showed DDR1 silencing was associated with decreased expression of several ribosomal proteins and enhanced inhibition of protein synthesis. Conversely, induction of DDR1 expression or collagen-stimulated DDR1 activity protected cancer cells from RG7787 killing. Moreover, the combination of RG7787 and DDR1 inhibitor caused greater shrinkage of tumor xenografts than either agent alone. These data demonstrate that DDR1 is a key modulator of RIT activity and represents a novel therapeutic strategy to improve targeting of mesothelin-expressing cancers.
Flow based Forwarding Scheme in Mobile Ipv6 Networks to Support for Realtime Services (2006)

Guaranteed end-to-end QoS for real-time services poses a number of new design and deployment challenges in the next generation Broadband convergent Networks (BcN). One of the major issues is preserving end-to-end QoS for real-time provisioning during handoff in the converged network. Mobile IP, proposed for mobility management in current IP network (that itself is a best effort based network) has a significantly high latency period and signaling overhead during handoff. In this paper, we propose a flow-based forwarding scheme in Mobile IPv6 networks to support real-time service provisioning by using the Flow Label field in IPv6 packets. The proposed scheme takes the advantages of rapid establishment of a flow and fast forwarding of packets based on flow state information. Our scheme describes a fast flow handoff algorithm and follows it up with an optimal partitioning of QoS classes based on flow-based maps.
Characteristic features of operation of high-voltage electric arc plasma generators with rod electrodes and power from 5 up to 50 kW in a pilot plasmachemical unit (2007)

Characteristic features of operation of single-phase and multiphase high-voltage electric arc AC plasma generators with rod electrodes and power from 5 kW to 50 kW in a pilot unit for plasma pyrolysis of organic waste with syngas production are described.
Competing for users' attention (2010)

Queries on major Web search engines produce complex result pages, primarily composed of two types of information: organic results, that is, short descriptions and links to relevant Web pages, and sponsored search results, the small textual advertisements often displayed above or to the right of the organic results. Strategies for optimizing each type of result in isolation and the consequent user reaction have been extensively studied; however, the interplay between these two complementary sources of information has been ignored, a situation we aim to change. Our findings indicate that their perceived relative usefulness (as evidenced by user clicks) depends on the nature of the query. Specifically, we found that, when both sources focus on the same intent, for navigational queries there is a clear competition between ads and organic results, while for non-navigational queries this competition turns into synergy.
Biological nitrogen fixation and biomass accumulation within poplar clones as a result of inoculations with diazotrophic endophyte consortia (2013)

Sustainable production of biomass for bioenergy relies on low-input crop production. Inoculation of bioenergy crops with plant growth-promoting endophytes has the potential to reduce fertilizer inputs through the enhancement of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Endophytes isolated from native poplar growing in nutrient-poor conditions were selected for a series of glasshouse and field trials designed to test the overall hypothesis that naturally occurring diazotrophic endophytes impart growth promotion of the host plants. Endophyte inoculations contributed to increased biomass over uninoculated control plants. This growth promotion was more pronounced with multi-strain consortia than with single-strain inocula. Biological nitrogen fixation was estimated through (15)N isotope dilution to be 65% nitrogen derived from air (Ndfa). Phenotypic plasticity in biomass allocation and branch production observed as a result of endophyte inoculations may be useful in bioenergy crop breeding and engineering programs.
Quantitative electron density characterization of soft tissue substitute plastic materials using grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging (2014)

Many scientific research areas rely on accurate electron density characterization of various materials. For instance in X-ray optics and radiation therapy, there is a need for a fast and reliable technique to quantitatively characterize samples for electron density. We present how a precise measurement of electron density can be performed using an X-ray phase-contrast grating interferometer in a radiographic mode of a homogenous sample in a controlled geometry. A batch of various plastic materials was characterized quantitatively and compared with calculated results. We found that the measured electron densities closely match theoretical values. The technique yields comparable results between a monochromatic and a polychromatic X-ray source. Measured electron densities can be further used to design dedicated X-ray phase contrast phantoms and the additional information on small angle scattering should be taken into account in order to exclude unsuitable materials.
An envelope tracking power amplifier using an adaptive biased envelope amplifier for WCDMA handsets (2008)

An envelope tracking power amplifier (ET-PA) using a self-oscillation pulse-width-modulation circuit with an adaptive bias technique is presented. In this technique, the supply voltage to the envelope amplifier is changed depending on the output power level. Since this approach enables the envelope amplifier to change the output power without degrading the signal resolution, the developed ET-PA shows a low adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACPR) of less than −38 dBc in a wide output power range from 10 to 27 dBm. The ET-PA shows 45.4% overall efficiency at peak output power of 28 dBm. The average efficiency was 29%, which is 2.4 times higher than that of a class-AB PA. The noise power in the receive band (Rx noise) is −136 dBm/Hz at output power of 26 dBm at a frequency of 2.14 GHz.
A framework for automated negotiation of access control policies (2004)

Our research examines the problem of negotiating access control policies between autonomous domains. Our objective is to develop software agents that can automatically negotiate access control policies between autonomous domains with minimal human guidance. In this paper we describe a mathematical framework that is capable of expressing many such negotiation problems, and illustrate its application to some practical scenarios.
Sono-activated ultrasound localization microscopy (2013)

Scanned at very high ultrasound frame rates, injectable microbubbles can be activated sequentially as isolated punctual sources of acoustic echoes. These signals can thus be localized far beyond the diffraction limit. The resolution improvement granted by Sono-Activated Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (SAULM) was demonstrated within microfluidic channels 20 times smaller than the imaging wavelength (λ = 870 μm). The width of the channels mapped with SAULM was 13 times smaller than as they appeared under conventional ultrasound imaging. Two channels separated by λ/4.5 could be distinguished. Implementing SAULM in-vivo could lead to a complete reconstruction of the vascular tree down to the smallest capillaries at several centimeter depth.
Novel Processing to Produce Polymer/Ceramic Nanocomposites by Atomic Layer Deposition (2006)

An innovative process to uniformly incorporate dispersed nanoscale ceramic inclusions within a polymer matrix was demonstrated. Micron‐sized high density polyethylene particles were coated with ultrathin alumina films by atomic layer deposition in a fluidized bed reactor at 77°C. The deposition of alumina on the polymer particle surface was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Conformal coatings of alumina were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy. The results of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy suggested that there was a nucleation period. The results of scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution, and surface area of the uncoated and nanocoated particles showed that there was no aggregation of particles during the coating process. The coated polymer particles were extruded by a heated extruder at controlled temperatures. The successful dispersion of the crushed alumina shells in the polymer matrix following extrusion was confirmed using cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy. The dispersion of alumina flakes can be controlled by varying the polymer particle size.
Interleukin-18, interleukin-18 binding protein and impaired production of interferon-g in chronic renal failure (2003)

In uremia, retention of IL-18BP does not suffice to neutralize most of the concomitantly raised levels of total IL-18 resulting in elevated levels of free IL-18. Nevertheless, IFNgamma production in whole blood is reduced in patients on HD. Therefore, suppression of IFNgamma production in uremia may be due to inhibitors of IFNgamma production other than IL-18BP.
Effective Electrothermal Analysis of Electronic Devices and Systems with Parameterized Macromodeling (2015)

We propose a parameterized macromodeling methodology to effectively and accurately carry out dynamic electrothermal (ET) simulations of electronic components and systems, while taking into account the influence of key design parameters on the system behavior. In order to improve the accuracy and to reduce the number of computationally expensive thermal simulations needed for the macromodel generation, a decomposition of the frequency-domain data samples of the thermal impedance matrix is proposed. The approach is applied to study the impact of layout variations on the dynamic ET behavior of a state-of-the-art 8-finger AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor grown on a SiC substrate. The simulation results confirm the high accuracy and computational gain obtained using parameterized macromodels instead of a standard method based on iterative complete numerical analysis.
Investigating the interference of common mode noises of AC/DC power adapters to the touchscreens of consumer electronics (2017)

The common mode (CM) noise of power adapters tends to interfere the performance of touchscreens of consumer electronics. However, there's a lack of literature illustrating and modeling the mechanism. This paper investigates the CM noise source impedances of the AD/DC adapters and the characteristics of touchscreens. Based on this understanding, the relationship of CM voltage of an adapter and the CM noise that will influence the performance of touchscreen is disclosed. Also, a noise sensitivity test is performed to investigate a touchscreen's sensitivity to CM noise. The paper also discusses how to agree this test with adapter CM voltage test.
Dummy users; Network-aware cooperative terminals in wireless access networks (2015)

Cooperation among network nodes at one side and terminal nodes on the other side are the two main enablers of radio access virtualization to establish scalable and dynamically adjustable data pipes to the users in the 5G mobile networks. User cooperation requires careful design to address cooperation incentive, battery life, user discovery, security and privacy. Dummy user, a network-aware terminal, can facilitate the implementation of user cooperation and leverage its benefits. Dummy users can offer a low cost alternative for the enhancement of the network performance to address persistent or temporary demand such as a hotspot created by an outdoor festival. Proper deployment of dummy users provides fairness and ubiquity of the network while enabling many advanced transmission and reception schemes that require more accurate channel state knowledge at the network.
High conductivity β-Ga2O3 formed by hot Si ion implantation (2022)

This work demonstrates the advantage of carrying out silicon ion (Si+) implantation at high temperatures for forming controlled heavily doped regions in gallium oxide. Room temperature (RT, 25 °C) and high temperature (HT, 600 °C) Si implants were carried out into MBE grown (010) β-Ga2O3 films to form ∼350 nm deep Si-doped layers with average concentrations up to ∼1.2 × 1020 cm−3. For such high concentrations, the RT sample was too resistive for measurement, but the HT samples had 82.1% Si dopant activation efficiency with a high sheet electron concentration of 3.3 × 1015 cm−2 and an excellent mobility of 92.8 cm2/V·s at room temperature. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that HT implantation prevents the formation of other Ga2O3 phases and results in reduced structural defects and lattice damage. These results are highly encouraging for achieving ultra-low resistance heavily doped Ga2O3 layers using ion implantation.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure and Reactivity of TiO2(110) Supported Palladium and Rhodium (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detecting partially occluded objects via segmentation and validation (2013)

This paper presents a novel algorithm: Verfied Partial Object Detector (VPOD) for accurate detection of partially occluded objects such as furniture in 3D point clouds. VPOD is implemented and validated on real sensor data obtained by our robot. It extends Viewpoint Feature Histograms (VFH), which classify unoccluded objects, to also classify partially occluded objects such as furniture that might be seen in typical office environments. To achieve this result, VPOD employs two strategies. First, object models are segmented and the object database is extended to include partial models. Second, once a matching partial object is detected, the complete object model is aligned back into the scene and verified for consistency with the point cloud data. Overall, our approach increases the number of objects found and substantially reduces false positives due to the verification process.
Development of Extended Heating Pulse Operation Mode at GOL-3 (2013)

Novel technology of electron beam generation for plasma heating in GOL-3 was developed and for the first time used in the experiment. The distinctive features of the new beam are non-relativistic energy, medium power and sub-ms duration. The experiments were done at the following beam and plasma parameters: ~100 keV, ~10 MW, >100 μs, ~1020 m-3. The beam was safely transported through the 13-m-long deuterium-filled multiple-mirror solenoid. The plasma was created and then heated by the beam. Main physical task for the reported experiments was to reach quasi-stationary plasma conditions during the long-pulse beam injection.
Fe-carbon nitride 'Core-shell' electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction\n reaction (2018)

In this report, the preparation of Fe-carbon nitride (CN)-based\nelectrocatalysts (ECs) with a 'core-shell' morphology for the oxygen reduction\nreaction (ORR) is described. The ECs consist of spherical XC-72R carbon\nnanoparticles, the 'cores', that are covered by a CN matrix, the 'shell',\nembedding Fe species in 'coordination nests'. The latter is formed by the\npresence of carbon and nitrogen ligands on the surface of the CN matrix, the\n'shell'. Two families of CN-based ECs are prepared, which are grouped on the\nbasis of the concentration of N atoms in the CN 'shell'. Each group comprises\nof both a 'pristine' and an 'activated' EC; the latter is obtained from the\n'pristine' EC by a suitable series of treatments (A) devised to improve the ORR\nperformance. The chemical composition of the CN-based ECs is determined by\nInductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and\nmicroanalysis. The surface area of the CN-based ECs is determined by nitrogen\nphysisorption techniques, and the surface composition is probed by X-ray\nPhotoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance and reaction\nmechanism of the CN-based ECs in the ORR is investigated in both acid and\nalkaline environments by cyclic voltammetry with the Thin-Film Rotating\nRing-Disk Electrode setup (CV-TF-RRDE). The influence of the preparation\nparameters and of the treatments on the physicochemical properties, the ORR\nperformance, and reaction mechanism is studied in detail. In the alkaline\nenvironment the FeFe2-CNl 900/CA 'core-shell' EC shows a remarkable ORR onset\npotential of 0.908 V vs. RHE which, with respect to the value of 0.946 V vs.\nRHE of the Pt/C ref., classifies the proposed materials as very promising\n'Platinum Group Metal-free' ECs for the ORR.\n
Fingerprinting localisation using round trip time and timing advance (2012)

The study develops algorithmic enhancements to a commercially operating self-learning fingerprinting algorithm, to fully exploit single-leg time measurements. Such timing advance (TA) and round trip time (RTT) measurements are available in all cellular systems. Their accuracies do not depend on the cell size, as do conventional signal strength measurements, which makes such time measurements particularly useful for positioning in large cells. The challenge is that the geographical regions associated with single-leg time measurements become curved and very wide laterally, while staying narrow in the radial direction, a fact which makes it difficult for the self-learning algorithm to compute accurate geographical descriptions of them. The study shows how to design enhanced algorithms that improve the accuracy and reduce the learning time of the fingerprinting positioning scheme. The performance gain is illustrated with simulations. It is also illustrated by simulation that the enhanced fingerprinting scheme can handle very poor base station geometries that would prevent the application of conventional trilatheration-based localisation technologies. This typically occurs along freeways in rural regions, where so called ‘string of pearls’ geometries are common.
Posttranslational Regulation of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 in the Circadian Oscillator of Arabidopsis (2009)

As an adaptation to life in a world with predictable daily changes, most eukaryotes and some prokaryotes have endogenous circadian (approximately 24 h) clocks. In plants, the circadian clock regulates a diverse range of cellular and physiological events from gene expression and protein phosphorylation to cellular calcium oscillations, hypocotyl growth, leaf movements, and photoperiod-dependent flowering. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as in other model organisms, such as Drosophila (Drosophila melanogaster) and mice, circadian rhythms are generated by molecular oscillators that consist of interlocking feedback loops involving a number of elements. CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS (LHY) are closely related single myb transcription factors that have been identified as key elements in the Arabidopsis oscillator. Research in other model organisms has shown that posttranslational regulation of oscillator components plays a critical role in the generation of the approximately 24-h cycles. To examine the role of posttranslational regulation of CCA1 and LHY in the Arabidopsis oscillator, we generated transgenic plants with tagged CCA1 and LHY under the control of their own promoters. We have shown that these tagged proteins are functional and can restore normal circadian rhythms to CCA1- and LHY-null plants. Using the tagged proteins, we demonstrate that CCA1 can form both homodimers and heterodimers with LHY. Furthermore, we also show that CCA1 is localized to the nucleus in vivo and that there is no significant delay between the translation of CCA1 and its translocation to the nucleus. We discuss our findings in the context of the functioning of the Arabidopsis oscillator.
Combining Graduate Studies, Research And International Experiences In Sustainability (2020)

A new challenge facing engineering educators is how to train graduate students to routinely include sustainability as important design criteria. Equally important is the need for engineering students to both broaden their perspective and learn to function collaboratively in cross-cultural environments. The University of Pittsburgh's School of Engineering is addressing these issues by educating a cadre of PhD researchers as part of a recently established Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) Program in sustainability. We present our plan to create an innovative sustainable engineering graduate program, with primary research foci in green construction and sustainable water use. This interdisciplinary initiative will involve faculty and students from across the School. To best address global concerns, we have partnered with the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) in Sao Paolo, Brazil to provide an eight-month international research rotation for all IGERT Fellows. In addition, to increase the number of Hispanic American engineering students, we have created partnerships with University of Texas-El Paso and University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez. Also, to best prepare our IGERT Fellows for study and research in sustainability, a special sequence of courses is being implemented that will include a two-part capstone sustainable design course providing students from the various specialties with a common educational framework. Finally, the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Latin American Studies will develop a sequence of courses in Brazilian Portuguese to better prepare the IGERT Fellows for their research internship. This paper presents an overview of our initiative and describes progress to date with respect to research and pedagogy.