gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Content-coverage Based Trust-oriented Evaluation Method for Information Retrieval (2006)

In this paper, we propose a trust-oriented evaluation method for information retrieval methods based on computing the content coverage of the search results. At first, for a user given query, we collect the related resources available on the Internet. We then sketch out an overview (called topic-sketch) of these resources. We compute the content coverage of the search results to evaluate the retrieval methods to see whether they comprehensively find and provide us information, by comparing the resource overviews and each result. In other words, the content coverage is also useful for estimating the content comprehensibility provided by a Web page on a certain topic. Therefore, we can also use the content coverage as a measure to re-rank the search results. Some preliminary experimental results are shown in this paper to validate our method.
Scaling Laws for Infrastructure Single and Multihop Wireless Networks in\n Wideband Regimes (2014)

With millimeter wave bands emerging as a strong candidate for 5G cellular\nnetworks, next-generation systems may be in a unique position where spectrum is\nplentiful. To assess the potential value of this spectrum, this paper derives\nscaling laws on the per mobile downlink feasible rate with large bandwidth and\nnumber of nodes, for both Infrastructure Single Hop (ISH) and Infrastructure\nMulti-Hop (IMH) architectures. It is shown that, for both cases, there exist\n\\emph{critical bandwidth scalings} above which increasing the bandwidth no\nlonger increases the feasible rate per node. These critical thresholds coincide\nexactly with the bandwidths where, for each architecture, the network\ntransitions from being degrees-of-freedom-limited to power-limited. For ISH,\nthis critical bandwidth threshold is lower than IMH when the number of users\nper base station grows with network size. This result suggests that multi-hop\ntransmissions may be necessary to fully exploit large bandwidth degrees of\nfreedom in deployments with growing number of users per cell.\n
High-brightness semipolar (2021¯) blue InGaN/GaN superluminescent diodes for droop-free solid-state lighting and visible-light communications (2016)

A high-brightness, droop-free, and speckle-free InGaN/GaN quantum well blue superluminescent diode (SLD) was demonstrated on a semipolar (2021¯) GaN substrate. The 447-nm emitting SLD has a broad spectral linewidth of 6.3 nm at an optical power of 123 mW. A peak optical power of 256 mW was achieved at 700 mA CW injection current. By combining YAG:Ce phosphor, SLD-generated white light shows a color-rendering index (CRI) of 68.9 and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4340 K. The measured frequency response of the SLD revealed a -3 dB bandwidth of 560 MHz, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the device for both solid-state lighting (SSL) and visible-light communication (VLC) applications.
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Biologically Based Assay of Lower Extremity Impairment and Gait Velocity (2017)

<i>Objectives</i>. (a) To determine associations among motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, MEP latency, lower extremity (LE) impairment, and gait velocity and (b) determine the association between the presence of a detectable MEP signal with LE impairment and with gait velocity. <i>Method</i>. 35 subjects with chronic, stable LE hemiparesis were undergone TMS, the LE section of the Fugl-Meyer Impairment Scale (LE FM), and 10-meter walk test. We recorded presence, amplitude, and latency of MEPs in the affected tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SO). <i>Results</i>. MEP presence was associated with higher LEFM scores in both the TA and SO. MEP latency was larger in subjects with lower LEFM and difficulty walking. <i>Conclusion</i>. MEP latency appears to be an indicator of LE impairment and gait. <i>Significance</i>. Our results support the precept of using TMS, particularly MEP latency, as an adjunctive LE outcome measurement and prognostic technique.
Magnetic Microbubbles: Magnetically Targeted and Ultrasound-Triggered Vectors for Gene Delivery in Vitro (2010)

Based on the concept of magnetofection, we prepared lipid shell microbubbles loaded with highly positively charged iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles through electrostatic and matrix affinity interactions. These magnetic microbubbles showed strong ultrasound contrast. When the magnetic microbubbles were mixed with plasmid DNA encoding a reporter gene, gene delivery to HeLa cells was achieved only when ultrasound was applied. Gene transfer efficiency strongly depended on the application of a gradient magnetic field. Treatment of HeLa cells with the microbubbles and ultrasound resulted in strong concentration‐dependent cytotoxic effects, whereas ultrasound alone, lipid microbubbles alone, magnetic nanoparticles or magnetic microbubbles alone did not significantly affect cell viability. These magnetic microbubbles could be used as magnetically targeted diagnostic agents for real‐time ultrasound imaging or for cancer therapy, therapy of vascular thrombosis and gene therapy.
A Novel Method for Determining the Multiplicity Features of Multi-Reaction Systems (1982)

The qualitative multiplicity features of a lumped-parameter system in which several reactions occur simultaneously can be determined in a systematic fashion by finding the organizing singularities of the steady-state equation and its universal unfolding. To illustrate the technique we determine the maximal number of solutions of a CSTR in which N parallel, first-order reactions with equal and high activation energies occur as well as the influence of changes in the residence time on the number and type of solutions.
Harnessing Chemical Energy for the Activation and Joining of Prebiotic Building Blocks (2019)

Simultaneous activation of carboxylates and phosphates provides multiple pathways for the generation of reactive intermediates, including mixed carboxylic acid-phosphoric acid anhydrides, for the synthesis of peptidyl-RNAs, peptides, RNA oligomers and primordial phospholipids. These results indicate that unified prebiotic activation chemistry could have enabled the joining of building blocks in aqueous solution from a common pool and enabled the progression of a system towards higher complexity foreshadowing the modern encapsulated peptide-nucleic acid systemThis paper has been accepted by Nature Chemistry&lt;div&gt;https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-020-00564-3&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Chemical influences on the specificity of tyrosine phosphorylation. (1990)

Biological tyrosine phosphorylation has become an extensively studied reaction. Little, however, is known of the chemistry involved. The acetylation of the tyrosyl phenolic hydroxyl group by N-acetylimidazole was studied as a model acylation reaction over the pH range 7.5-9.5. The reactivities of tyrosine and 3-fluorotyrosine were compared. The ratio of reactivities, kappa F-Tyr/kappa Tyr, decreases with increasing pH. Extrapolation to the state in which equivalent concentrations of the two derivatives exist indicates that, consistent with Brønsted theory, tyrosine is 17 times more reactive than fluorotyrosine. No reactivity was observed with tetrafluorotyrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, or 3,5-dinitrotyrosine. A peptide containing fluorotyrosine was synthesized and compared with the tyrosine-containing peptide as a substrate for the insulin receptor/tyrosine kinase. In both the presence and absence of insulin, the tyrosine peptide was phosphorylated with higher Vm and Km values than the fluorotyrosine peptide was. These results suggest that ionization of the tyrosyl hydroxyl group has an effect on both the chemical and enzymatic reactivities of the tyrosyl residue in acylation reactions. A model is suggested in which deprotonation of the acceptor occurs upon binding of the substrate to the kinase and implicates a role for the substrate site microenvironment in defining substrate specificity.
Design of a flow cytometric assay for the determination of natural killer and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in human and in different animal species (2000)

Background The most common assay used to detect natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity is the 51Cr release assay. The numerous disadvantages of this method led us to evaluate cytotoxicity functions by flow cytometry. We described a flow cytometric assay to assess NK and CTL activity from different species. Methods This assay is based on a dual fluorescent staining of target cells. The dye, DIOC18(3) (3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate), is used to stain the membrane of different target cells. Propidium iodide (PI) is used to label dead target and effector cells. This labeling allows a clear discrimination between both cell populations. Results A good correlation was observed between the percentage of target lysis and the effector-to-target cell (E/T) ratios with human and porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as effector cells. The flow cytometric assay was shown to be as sensitive and as reliable as the 51Cr release performed with human cells. The assay was also applied successfully to measure NK cell activity in other animal species (pig, rabbit, hen, and mouse) and to measure murine CTL activity against the influenza virus. Conclusions We provide evidence that the flow cytometric assay using DIOC18(3) is highly reproducible and is suitable to measure different types of cell cytotoxicity. Cytometry 41:289–297, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Alkylation of DNA with a mitomycin derivative, 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C. Reductive alkylation and preferential binding to adenine. (1982)

A mitomycin derivative, 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C (M-83) bound to DNA in vivo and chemically after reductive activation. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the modified DNA obtained chemically gave two modified nucleotides ; 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitosene-deoxyadenylic acid adduct (1) and 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitosene-deoxyguanylic acid adduct (2). One of these modified nucleotides, 1, was identified with the modified nucleotide obtained in vivo. The preferential binding to the adenine moiety in DNA and some of chemical information on the structure of these modified nucleotides are described.
TTU-X1 Raw Data (2023)

TTU-X1 (South Site) raw data in polar coordinates including the ZT, DZ, VR, SW, and SQ moments.
Choices, Compromises, and Controversies in Total Knee Arthroplasty. (2019)

Although condylar total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been performed for almost 40 years, many choices, compromises, and controversies remain. In the effort to provide optimal care and beneficial, enduring treatment for an expanding population of patients with debilitating arthritis of the knee and who are using ever-diminishing provider and financial resources, orthopaedic surgeons must carefully examine the available evidence to determine best practices. First, there is debate as to who should be a candidate for TKA. Beyond the established criteria of disease severity, should all patients who can benefit from TKA undergo the procedure, or should surgeons develop exclusion criteria based on complication risk? Current concepts for identifying and managing modifiable risk factors should be considered. Second, there is debate regarding the choice of TKA versus partial knee arthroplasty to manage unicompartmental arthritis. Third, surgeons continue to debate the ideal implant design for primary condylar TKA, whether to proceed with an anatomic approach of preserving one or both cruciate ligaments or a functional approach of resecting and substituting for the cruciate ligaments in various ways.
Daily pattern of sweating and response to stress and exercise in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis (2006)

Hourly changes in sweating rates can be assessed successfully through self-assessment. Patients with primary palmar focal hyperhidrosis reported significantly increased palmar sweating and daily patterns of sweating showing considerable variation dependent on factors such as time of day and emotional stimuli.
White matter network damage mediates association between cerebrovascular disease and cognition (2021)

To determine whether white matter network disruption mediates the association between MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and cognitive impairment. Participants (n = 253, aged ≥60 years) from the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore study underwent neuropsychological assessments and MRI. CeVD markers were defined as lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), microbleeds, cortical microinfarcts, cortical infarcts and intracranial stenosis (ICS). White matter microstructure damage was measured as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity by tract based spatial statistics from diffusion tensor imaging. Cognitive function was summarized as domain-specific Z-scores.Lacunar counts, WMH volume and ICS were associated with worse performance in executive function, attention, language, verbal and visual memory. These three CeVD markers were also associated with white matter microstructural damage in the projection, commissural, association, and limbic fibers. Path analyses showed that lacunar counts, higher WMH volume and ICS were associated with executive and verbal memory impairment via white matter disruption in commissural fibers whereas impairment in the attention, visual memory and language were mediated through projection fibers.Our study shows that the abnormalities in white matter connectivity may underlie the relationship between CeVD and cognition. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the cause-effect relationship between CeVD, white matter damage and cognition.
Nonlinear diffusion constraints for reconstructing subsampled rotational angiography data (2013)

International audience
Structure-based Inhibitor Discovery against Adenylyl Cyclase Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria That Cause Anthrax and Whooping Cough (2003)

Edema factor (EF) and CyaA are adenylyl cyclase toxins secreted by pathogenic bacteria that cause anthrax and whooping cough, respectively. Using the structure of the catalytic site of EF, we screened a data base of commercially available, small molecular weight chemicals for those that could specifically inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity of EF. From 24 compounds tested, we have identified one quinazoline compound, ethyl 5-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline-3-carboxylate, that specifically inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity of EF and CyaA with approximately 20 microm Ki. This compound neither affects the activity of host resident adenylyl cyclases type I, II, and V nor exhibits promiscuous inhibition. The compound is a competitive inhibitor, consistent with the prediction that it binds to the adenine portion of the ATP binding site on EF. EF is activated by the host calcium sensor, calmodulin. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopic analysis shows that this compound does not affect the binding of calmodulin to EF. This compound is dissimilar from a previously described, non-nucleoside inhibitor of host adenylyl cyclase. It may serve as a lead to design antitoxins to address the role of adenylyl cyclase toxins in bacterial pathogenesis and to fight against anthrax and whooping cough.
Ibogaine Modifies GDNF, BDNF and NGF Expression in Brain Regions Involved in Mesocorticolimbic and Nigral Dopaminergic Circuits (2018)

&lt;p&gt;Ibogaine is a psychedelic alkaloid which has been subject of intense scientific research due to its reported ability to attenuate drug-seeking behavior. Recent work suggested that ibogaine effects on alcohol self-administration in rats was related to the release of Glial Cell Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), a mesencephalic region which hosts soma of dopamine neurons. It is well known that neurotrophic factors (NFs) mediate the neuroadaptations induced in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system by repeated exposure to drugs. Although previous reports have shown ibogaine´s ability to induce GDNF expression in rat midbrain, there are no studies addressing its effect on the expression of GDNF, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) or Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in distinct regions containing dopaminergic neurons. In this work, we examined the effect of ibogaine acute administration on the expression of these NFs in the VTA, Prefrontal Cortex (PFC), Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) and the Substantia Nigra (SN). Thus, rats were i.p. treated with ibogaine 20 mg/kg (I&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt;), 40 mg/kg (I&lt;sub&gt;40&lt;/sub&gt;) or vehicle, and NFs expression was analyzed after 3 and 24 hours. Only at 24 h an increase of the expression for the three NFs were observed in a site and dose dependent manner. Results for GDNF showed that only I&lt;sub&gt;40&lt;/sub&gt; selectively upregulated its expression in the VTA and SN. Both doses of ibogaine elicited a large increase in the expression of BDNF in the NAcc, SN and PFC, while a significant effect was found in the VTA only for I&lt;sub&gt;40&lt;/sub&gt;. Finally, NGF was found to be upregulated in all regions after I&lt;sub&gt;40&lt;/sub&gt;, while a selective upregulation was found in PFC and VTA for the I&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt; treatment. An increase in the content of mature GDNF was observed in the VTA but no significant increase in the mature BDNF protein content was found in all the studied areas. Interestingly, an increase in the content of proBDNF was detected in the NAcc for both treatments. Further research is needed to understand the neurochemical bases of these changes, and to confirm their contribution to the anti-addictive properties of ibogaine. &lt;/p&gt;
Demonstration of a nanolithographic technique using a self‐assembled monolayer resist for neutral atomic cesium (1997)

A new lithographic method of making nanostructures is demonstrated in which a patterned beam of neutral cesium atoms is used to damage a ∼1.2‐nm‐thick self‐assembled monolayer resist of alkanethiolates on gold. The attractive features of cesium for atomic lithography and the current techniques for neutral atom lithography are sketched. The method is detailed and investigations of the damage to the surface are described. This can be viewed as a first step towards fabricating nanostructures in silicon using optically patterned neutral atomic beams.
REGION, RELIGION AND SEXUALITY (2005)

I am not, now, a Christian: my religious desire faded away, in a process that was, one might say, a little like falling out of love, in the years immediately after I left home and moved to England. My actual journey away from the distinctive religious and social culture of South Wales seems to have derailed the spiritual pilgrimage to which I had been so intensely committed as an adolescent: my desires did not seem to mean quite the same in England as in Wales. Richard Crowe has spoken of how Welsh literary representations of male homosexuality expel it beyond the boundaries of Wales (Crowe 1997), and I could certainly construct a conventional narrative in which I had to leave Wales in order to become a dyke. But I do not want to use my history with religious desire and sexual desire as a way of telling an escape story, of how I fled the gloom and oppression of a Christian childhood in Wales for the heavenly light of adult life in the lesbian nation of Hackney. Setting aside my in grained suspicion of progress narratives, such a linear tale would not do justice to the false starts, returns, and strayings from the path (what path?), that characterize my hesitant, dubious pilgrimage through several barren lands. This is not, then, a story about how I once was lost but now am found, was blind but now can see. Noris it a version of the testimonies of religious experience I used to offer eagerly to my chapel youth group as a teenager, although in terms of narrative structure and collective function those were effectively identical to coming-out stories. The process of giving your testimonial-also known as witnessing-entails the narrating of a selfhood acceptable to the community that constitutes the immediate audience for the narration. Biddy Martin has written about the personal and political usefulness within lesbian feminism of the telling of coming-out stories as just such a form of witnessing: ‘Self-worth, identity, and a sense of community have fundamentally depended on the production of a shared narrative or life history and on the assimilation of individuals’ life histories into the history of the group’ (Martin 1996:143).
Color Vision Is Altered During the Suppression Phase of Binocular Rivalry (1982)

Increment-threshold spectral sensitivity functions were determined during the dominance and suppression phases of binocular rivalry. The shapes of the functions obtained during the dominance phase exhibited three maxima at approximately 440, 530, and 610 nanometers and resembled functions obtained for nonrivalrous control conditions. However, the functions measured during suppression had a single broad peak near 555 nanometers and were adequately described by functions measured with flicker methods during nonrivalrous conditions. The results indicate that binocular rivalry differentially attenuates opponent-color information relative to achromatic information.
Interview with Stephen B Baylin (2015)

Stephen B Baylin is a codirector of the Cancer Biology Program at The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins and the Virginia and DK Ludwig Professor of Oncology and Medicine. Baylin attended Duke University, where he earned his medical degree and completed his internship and first year residency in internal medicine. He then worked for 2 years at the National Heart and Lung Institute of the NIH. In 1971, he joined the departments of oncology and medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. His research interests include cellular biology and genetics of cancer, specifically epigenetics or genetic modifications other than those in DNA that can affect cell behavior, and silencing of tumor suppressor genes and tumor progression. His research has looked at the mechanisms through which variations in tumor cells derive, and cell differentiation in cancers such as medullary thyroid carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma. He has served on the American Association for Cancer Research Board of Directors, and is an associate editor of Cancer Research. He has also presented frequently at AACR conferences and chaired the special conference on 'DNA Methylation, Imprinting and the Epigenetics of Cancer'. He has authored or coauthored more than 370 publications.
Fuel Cycle Cost Analysis on Molten-Salt Reactors (1976)

An evaluation is made of the fuel cycle costs for molten-salt reactors (MSR's), developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Eight combinations of conditions affecting fuel cycle costs are compared, covering 233U-Th, 235U-Th and 239Pu-Th fuels, with and without on-site continuous fuel reprocessing. The resulting fuel cycle costs range from 0.61 to 1.18 mill/kWh. A discussion is also given on the practicability of these fuel cycles. The calculations indicate that somewhat lower fuel cycle costs can be expected from reactor operation in converter mode on 235U make-up with fuel reprocessed in batches every 10 years to avoid fission product precipitation, than from operation as 233U-Th breeder with continuous reprocessing.