gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3,7-Disubstituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines Display Remarkable Potency and Selectivity as Inhibitors of Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase versus the α2-Adrenoceptor1a (1999)

3-Hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4) is a more selective inhibitor (PNMT Ki = 1.1 microM, alpha2 Ki = 6.6 microM, selectivity (alpha2 Ki/PNMT Ki) = 6.0) of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT, EC 2.1.1.28), with respect to its alpha2-adrenoceptor affinity, than is 3-methyl-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (2; PNMT Ki = 2.1 microM, alpha2 Ki = 0.76 microM, selectivity = 0.36) or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1, THIQ; PNMT Ki = 9.7 microM, alpha2 Ki = 0.35 microM, selectivity = 0. 036). Evaluation of the O-methyl ether derivative of 4 suggested that the 3-hydroxymethyl substituent might be involved in a hydrogen-bond donor-type of interaction at a sterically compact region in the PNMT active site. The directionality of the steric bulk tolerance at both the PNMT active site and the alpha2-adrenoceptor appears to be the same. Since the presence of a hydrophilic electron-withdrawing substituent (such as NO2, SO2CH3, or SO2NH2) at the 7-position of THIQ reduced the binding affinity toward the alpha2-adrenoceptor, we investigated the combination of both a hydrophilic electron-withdrawing 7-substituent and a 3-alkyl substituent on a THIQ nucleus. A synergistic effect in increasing the PNMT-inhibitory potency of the THIQ nucleus and reducing the affinity toward the alpha2-adrenoceptor was observed with this 3, 7-disubstitution. Remarkably, 7-aminosulfonyl-3-hydroxymethyl-THIQ (12; PNMT Ki = 0.34 microM, alpha2 Ki = 1400 microM, selectivity = 4100) displayed a 23-680-fold enhanced selectivity over the parent compounds 27 (SK&F 29661; PNMT Ki = 0.55 microM, alpha2 Ki = 100 microM, selectivity = 180) and 4 (selectivity = 6.0) and is thus the most selective PNMT inhibitor yet reported.
Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy (1990)

Eighty-five medically intractable trigeminal neuralgia patients treated by percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy (PRGR) were followed for 6 to 54 months. The median time to recurrence of symptoms refractory to medical therapy and requiring further intervention was 3 years (by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis). The median time to recurrence of symptoms requiring some form of medical treatment was 2 years. Following repeat PRGR for recurrent symptoms, the median time to recurrence was 1 year. Univariate log rank statistics and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed significant associations between favorable outcome and female sex, absence of atypical features or associated cluster headache symptoms, success of prior carbamazepine therapy, duration of symptoms, and cerebrospinal fluid return during the procedure. A scoring system using prognostic factors has been developed based upon these findings. Assessment of published studies of PRGR and of other treatments for trigeminal neuralgia is made difficult by the variety of outcome measures employed and variable follow-up intervals. The present study attempts to address these issues by definition of endpoints, statistical analysis of the data, and identification of important prognostic factors in a manner useful to the clinician.
Lat1 Muscle-specific Knockout Inhibits Postprandial mTORC1 Activation and Protein Synthesis (2015)

INTRODUCTION: In response to the ingestion of an optimal dose of protein, skeletal muscle is capable of mounting a robust anabolic response. However, the magnitude of postprandial anabolism seems to be attenuated with aging. Previous research has implicated this anabolic resistance with loss of the primary leucine transporter (LAT1) in skeletal muscle, as leucine and other EAA can stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) via activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin-complex 1 (mTORC1). PURPOSE: To elucidate the role of LAT1 muscle-specific knockout (mKO) on postprandial mTORC1 activity and MPS. METHODS: Three month old control (CON; n = 36) and LAT1 mKO mice (mKO; n = 36) were split into six paired groups. Two paired groups were fasted (Fast) or fed ad libidum (Ad) and sacrificed 24 h later. The remaining four paired groups were fasted for 24 h and sacrificed 30 m, 60 m, 90 m or 180 m following ingestion of a 0.25 mg/g whey supplement via gavage. Muscles of the anterior and posterior compartments of both lower hindlimbs were collected from each anesthetized mouse 30 m post-puromycin injection. mTORC1 activity and MPS were determined using western blot analysis of pS6K1 389 (pS6K1) and puromycin, respectively. RESULTS: Postprandial MPS was significantly greater in CON than mKO (p < 0.05) at 0 m (CON: 0.70 ± 0.05, mKO: 0.55 ± 0.10), 30 m (CON: 0.76 ± 0.04, mKO: 0.64 ± 0.08) and 60 m (CON: 0.85 ± 0.07, mKO: 0.72 ± 0.06). Furthermore, significant differences in post-whey ingestion mTORC1 signaling were observed between CON and mKO mice (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude LAT1 is involved in the postprandial activation of mTORC1 and MPS, contributing to an anabolic resistance phenotype. Funding provided by University of California, Davis.
<title>Thermally actuated piston micromirror arrays</title> (1997)

This paper reports design and characterization testing of thermally actuated piston micromirror arrays. The micromirrors were fabricated in the DARPA-sponsored MUMPs polysilicon surface micromachining process. The power averaging characteristic of thermal actuation is exploited in a novel line addressing scheme which reduces wiring for an n<SUP>2</SUP> array to 2n wires. Mirror deflections were measured with a microscope laser interferometer system equipped with a vacuum chamber. Data presented includes device uniformity, frequency response, and deflection versus drive power for varied ambient pressure. Initial test results confirm that thermally actuated piston micromirrors offer several advantages over more common electrostatic designs. Thermally actuated micromirrors offer greater deflections at drive voltages compatible with CMOS circuitry. Measured thermal piston micromirror deflection versus drive voltage is nonlinear, but does not exhibit the 'snap through instability' characteristic of electrostatic devices. Operation of thermally actuated devices in rarefied ambient significantly decreases power dissipation. For a given deflection range, the power reduction facilitated by vacuum operation makes large arrays feasible. Frequency response of thermally actuated devices is limited by the ability of the device to dissipate heat, but operation at 1 kHz rates is feasible.
Exosome‐mediated activation of toll‐like receptor 3 in stellate cells stimulates interleukin‐17 production by γδ T cells in liver fibrosis (2016)

In liver injury, the exosome-mediated activation of TLR3 in HSCs exacerbates liver fibrosis by enhancing IL-17A production by γδ T cells, which might be associated with HSC stimulation by unknown self-TLR3 ligands from damaged hepatocytes. Therefore, TLR3 might be a novel therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:616-631).
42.1 Invited Paper : High Efficiency Phosphorescent AMOLEDs: The Path to Long Lifetime TVs (2011)

Abstract In this paper we present results of blue PHOLED technologies, and outline different AMOLED display architectures, comparing their performance and power consumption. Projected operating temperatures of AMOLED TVs are correlated to device lifetimes to show the lifetime enhancements enabled by the power savings of phosphorescent OLEDs. These results allow us to analyze compelling technology packages for OLED TVs.
Securing user inputs for the web (2006)

The goal of this paper is to study secure and usable methods for providing user input to a website. Three principles define security for us: certification, awareness, and privacy. Four principles define usability: contextual awareness, semantic awareness, prodigious use of screen space, and the availability of recommended choices.We first describe how current approaches to the solicitation of user input on the web fail on both fronts: they either can not handle certified data, do not respect user privacy, or have various usability problems which frustrate and perhaps even mislead the user.To address security, we suggest the use of more sophisticated private certificate systems. To address usability, we propose a new contextual, browser-integrated interface for using private certificate systems. Our system incorporates many recent design principles discussed in the security and usability space. It works in the main content area of a webpage; it focuses on making the user aware of the who, what, where, when and why of a data request, and it does not use valuable screen space when it is not relevant.
Efficacy of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody PG16 in HIV-infected humanized mice (2014)

Highly potent broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies hold promise for HIV prophylaxis and treatment. We used the SCID-hu Thy/Liv and BLT humanized mouse models to study the efficacy of these antibodies, primarily PG16, against HIV-1 clades A, B, and C. PG16 targets a conserved epitope in the V1/V2 region of gp120 common to 70-80% of HIV-1 isolates from multiple clades and has extremely potent in vitro activity against HIVJR-CSF. PG16 was highly efficacious in SCID-hu mice as a single intraperitoneal administration the day before inoculation of R5-tropic HIV directly into their Thy/Liv implants and demonstrated even greater efficacy if PG16 administration was continued after Thy/Liv implant HIV inoculation. However, PG16 as monotherapy had no activity in humanized mice with established R5-tropic HIV infection. These results provide evidence of tissue penetration of the antibodies, which could aid in their ability to prevent infection if virus crosses the mucosal barrier.
Divergent Human Cortical Regions for Processing Distinct Acoustic-Semantic Categories of Natural Sounds: Animal Action Sounds vs. Vocalizations (2017)

A major gap in our understanding of natural sound processing is knowledge of where or how in a cortical hierarchy differential processing leads to categorical perception at a semantic level. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we sought to determine if and where cortical pathways in humans might diverge for processing action sounds vs. vocalizations as distinct acoustic-semantic categories of real-world sound when matched for duration and intensity. This was tested by using relatively less semantically complex natural sounds produced by non-conspecific animals rather than humans. Our results revealed a striking double-dissociation of activated networks bilaterally. This included a previously well described pathway preferential for processing vocalization signals directed laterally from functionally defined primary auditory cortices to the anterior superior temporal gyri, and a less well-described pathway preferential for processing animal action sounds directed medially to the posterior insulae. We additionally found that some of these regions and associated cortical networks showed parametric sensitivity to high-order quantifiable acoustic signal attributes and/or to perceptual features of the natural stimuli, such as the degree of perceived recognition or intentional understanding. Overall, these results supported a neurobiological theoretical framework for how the mammalian brain may be fundamentally organized to process acoustically and acoustic-semantically distinct categories of ethologically valid, real-world sounds.
Evaluation of Imprint Property of (111)-Highly Oriented Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)-Base Ferroelectric Material (2005)

We have investigated the mechanism of static imprint failure in (111)-highly oriented lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-base ferroelectric material by examining the change in the leakage current density. We prepared Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti,Nb)O 3 (PZTN)/Pt capacitors. Our capacitors passed the static imprint test at 150°C for 1280 h with a write/read voltage of 3 V or higher. After the static imprint test we measured the leakage current densities of capacitors. All capacitors showed an increase in leakage current density on one side and a decrease on the other side. The side on which leakage current increased depended on the voltage polarity of the write pulse. The changes in leakage current density of capacitors with various write/read voltages indicate that static imprint failure has at least two mechanisms, the contributions of which change according to the write/read voltage. When the write/read voltage is lower, capacitors show diode-like behavior after static imprinting.
A FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE MODELING OF THERMO-VISCOUS EFFECTS IN ACOUSTICS (2004)

A flnite element approach to the solution of acoustic fleld equations including the efiects of viscosity and heat conduction is presented. The mathematical model con- sidered is based on the linearized Navier-Stokes, continuity and energy equations. The solution to the fleld equations is assumed to be time-harmonic, so that what remains to be solved is the spatial dependence of the amplitudes of primary unknowns. The original set of fleld equations may be reduced to a system with the amplitudes of the velocities and temperature as the only unknown flelds. This reduced system has often been used as a starting point in the analytical treatment and could also be thought to be a natural starting point for the flnite element formulation. However, special care has to be taken in the flnite element discretization of the reduced system. Firstly, a stable pair of flnite element spaces for the velocities and temperature has to be chosen. Secondly, we show by writing the system in a dimensionless form that in certain cases, commonly met in practice, an additional di-culty known to lead to a flnite element locking efiect is expected. In fact, the same problem is generally met in the flnite element analysis of nearly incompress- ible ∞ows. To avoid unnecessary error ampliflcation we rewrite the system as a mixed problem with a pressure-like quantity as auxiliary unknown. The resulting formulation is discretized using an enhanced MINI flnite element. The reliability and applicability of the resulting flnite element method is demonstrated by numerical experiments.
Abstract 1122: The Mammalian Heart Contains Vascular and Myocyte Niches (2007)

During development the myocyte compartment and the coronary vasculature are generated from distinct progenitor cell classes which are activated at different stages of embryonic life. To determine whether the adult heart is similarly regulated by a coronary vascular progenitor cell (VPC) and a myocyte progenitor cell (MPC), the presence of vascular and myocyte niches was established in the mouse, rat, dog and human heart. Typically, VPCs are c-kit-positive and flk1/KDR positive while MPCs are c-kit-positive but flk1/KDR negative. These phenotypic properties were employed to identify vascular niches within the coronary circulation and myocyte niches in the myocardial interstitium. By definition, vascular and myocyte niches have to be composed of progenitor cells structurally and functionally connected to supporting cells, which modulate growth signals involved in the preservation of stemness and activation of cell differentiation. In the heart of rodents, dogs and humans, flk1/KDR positive VPCs were detecte...
Fuzzy control design of a magnetically actuated optical image stabilizer with hysteresis compensation (2009)

A fuzzy controller (FC) is designed for a magnetically actuated optical image stabilizer (OIS) in order to suppress the vibrations caused by hand shakings and hysteresis. To this end, the dynamic model of the OIS with consideration of hysteresis is first established, along with assuming the hand-shaking vibration as sinusoidal excitations. It is clearly shown that with capability of continuing parameter tuning, the FC is superior to the conventional PID for vibration suppression.
Localization of Metastable Atom Beams with Optical Standing Waves: Nanolithography at the Heisenberg Limit (1998)

The spatially dependent de-excitation of a beam of metastable argon atoms, traveling through an optical standing wave, produced a periodic array of localized metastable atoms with position and momentum spreads approaching the limit stated by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Silicon and silicon dioxide substrates placed in the path of the atom beam were patterned by the metastable atoms. The de-excitation of metastable atoms upon collision with the surface promoted the deposition of a carbonaceous film from a vapor-phase hydrocarbon precursor. The resulting patterns were imaged both directly and after chemical etching. Thus, quantum-mechanical steady-state atom distributions can be used for sub-0.1-micrometer lithography.
Characterization of Lithium Ion Battery Materials with Valence Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (2018)

Cutting-edge research on materials for lithium ion batteries regularly focuses on nanoscale and atomic-scale phenomena. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is one of the most powerful ways of characterizing composition and aspects of the electronic structure of battery materials, particularly lithium and the transition metal mixed oxides found in the electrodes. However, the characteristic EELS signal from battery materials is challenging to analyze when there is strong overlap of spectral features, poor signal-to-background ratios, or thicker and uneven sample areas. A potential alternative or complementary approach comes from utilizing the valence EELS features (<20 eV loss) of battery materials. For example, the valence EELS features in LiCoO2 maintain higher jump ratios than the Li-K edge, most notably when spectra are collected with minimal acquisition times or from thick sample regions. EELS maps of these valence features give comparable results to the Li-K edge EELS maps of LiCoO2. With some spectral processing, the valence EELS maps more accurately highlight the morphology and distribution of LiCoO2 than the Li-K edge maps, especially in thicker sample regions. This approach is beneficial for cases where sample thickness or beam sensitivity limit EELS analysis, and could be used to minimize electron dosage and sample damage or contamination.
Host‐induced silencing of essential genes in Puccinia triticina through transgenic expression of RNAi sequences reduces severity of leaf rust infection in wheat (2017)

Leaf rust, caused by the pathogenic fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt), is one of the most serious biotic threats to sustainable wheat production worldwide. This obligate biotrophic pathogen is prevalent worldwide and is known for rapid adaptive evolution to overcome resistant wheat varieties. Novel disease control approaches are therefore required to minimize the yield losses caused by Pt. Having shown previously the potential of host-delivered RNA interference (HD-RNAi) in functional screening of Pt genes involved in pathogenesis, we here evaluated the use of this technology in transgenic wheat plants as a method to achieve protection against wheat leaf rust (WLR) infection. Stable expression of hairpin RNAi constructs with sequence homology to Pt MAP-kinase (PtMAPK1) or a cyclophilin (PtCYC1) encoding gene in susceptible wheat plants showed efficient silencing of the corresponding genes in the interacting fungus resulting in disease resistance throughout the T<sub>2</sub> generation. Inhibition of Pt proliferation in transgenic lines by in planta-induced RNAi was associated with significant reduction in target fungal transcript abundance and reduced fungal biomass accumulation in highly resistant plants. Disease protection was correlated with the presence of siRNA molecules specific to targeted fungal genes in the transgenic lines harbouring the complementary HD-RNAi construct. This work demonstrates that generating transgenic wheat plants expressing RNAi-inducing transgenes to silence essential genes in rust fungi can provide effective disease resistance, thus opening an alternative way for developing rust-resistant crops.
Security Defenses for Vulnerable Medical Sensor Network (2014)

Medical sensor networks have facilitated a wide range of applications in healthcare. However, these systems are in particular vulnerable to security attacks due to the fact that they are often not physically secured and are used in potentially hostile environments. We have proposed a theoretical and statistical framework for creating attacks and also the corresponding security defenses that include attack detection, diagnosis, and impact removal. We use medical shoes to collect data and demonstrate that low energy and low cost of medical sensor networks increase the probabilities of successful attacks. Our approach maps a semantic attack to an instance of an optimization problem where medical damage is maximized under the constraints of the probability of detection and root cause tracing which may consequence in incorrect medical diagnosis and treatment. Our results show that it is easy to attack several essential medical metrics and to alter corresponding medical diagnosis. Finally, we have developed several low energy and low overhead defense procedures for detecting and analyzing semantic security attacks.
SEVERE GLENOID BONE LOSS IN A 70-YEAR-OLD: REVERSE IS THE WAY TO GO – AFFIRMS (2019)

There is a large and growing population of patients with shoulder arthritis that are over 70 years old. Many of these patients live alone and sling immobilization after shoulder arthroplasty is pro...
Demo Abstract of Net-Controller: a Network Visualization and Management Tool (2010)

Abstract — Net-Controller is a user-friendly network visualization and management tool developed at EPFL in order to easily retrieve and display in real time network statistics, such as link throughput and queue occupancy from a large testbed composed of wireless routers. Additionally, Net-Controller allows to control and modify the parameters of a complete network from a central point, and to easily generate traffic between different nodes. We intend to illustrate some of the features of Net-Controller through two examples that show how easily this tool detects and helps elucidate the throughput degradation that occurs in a wireless multi-hop network. The first example shows how and why fair queuing [6] improves performance compared to the standard FIFO policy used in off-the-shelf routers. The second example shows how and why a hop-by-hop congestion control mechanism, such as EZ-Flow [4] is needed to tackle the instability problem of a multi-hop scenario. I.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of New Compounds from Catharanthus roseus Hairy Root Cultures. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Plakinamines C and D and Three Other New Steroidal Alkaloids from the Sponge Corticium sp. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.