gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Thermally Induced Structural Changes on the Electrical Properties of TiN/HfLaSiO Gate Stacks (2011)

Thermally induced structural changes in TiN/Hf(La)SiO gate stacks were investigated by back-side X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). A distinct correlation between bottom oxide growth and an increase in equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) was confirmed under high-temperature annealing at over 850 °C regardless of La content. Back-side XPS also revealed that oxygen and nitrogen diffusion occurs, forming partially oxidized TiON layers at a metal/high- k interface under moderate annealing temperatures of approximately 600 °C, and that annealing at over 750 °C leads to the reduction of the oxide phase and produces a thinner inter-layer with a clear Ti–N bond feature. Moreover, with an increase in annealing temperature, a change in the local atomic configuration in the HfLaSiO dielectric layer was identified from oxygen K-edge spectra. This structural change induced by thermal reaction can be considered as a possible cause of the V th instability of La-incorporated high- k gate stacks. On the basis of these findings on structural changes, the physical origins of the effective work function modulation of the gate stacks are discussed in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: AN OPIOID BENZODIAZEPINE (1982)

Abstract Es wird über pharmakologische Ergebnisse berichtet, die zeigen, daß Tifluadom (KG 5103) (I) ein Vertreter einer neuen Klasse von Benzodiazepinen ist, der keine Affinität zu sonstigen Benzodiazepin‐Rezeptoren besitzt, sondern selektiv an den Opiat‐K‐Rezeptoren wirkt.
Cytotoxic mAb from rheumatic carditis recognizes heart valves and laminin (2000)

Anti-streptococcal antibodies cross-reactive with N-acetyl-betaD-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and myosin are present in the sera of patients with rheumatic fever (RF). However, their role in tissue injury is not clear. In this study, we show that anti-GlcNAc/anti-myosin mAb 3.B6 from a rheumatic carditis patient was cytotoxic for human endothelial cell lines and reacted with human valvular endothelium and underlying basement membrane. Reactivity of mAb 3.B6 with the valve was inhibited by human cardiac myosin > laminin > GlcNAc. The mAb 3.B6 epitopes were localized in fragments of human cardiac myosin, including heavy meromyosin (HMM), the S1 subfragment, and two light meromyosin (LMM) peptides containing amino acid sequences KEALISSLTRGKLTYTQQ (LMM 1) and SERVQLLHSQNTSLINQK (LMM 33). A novel feature of mAb 3.B6 was its reactivity with the extracellular matrix protein laminin, which may explain its reactivity with the valve surface. A laminin A-chain peptide (HTQNT) that includes homology to LMM33 inhibited the reactivity of mAb 3.B6 with human valve. These data support the hypothesis that cross-reactive antibodies in rheumatic carditis cause injury at the endothelium and underlying matrix of the valve.
Dynamic Scheduling For Federated Edge Learning With Streaming Data (2023)

In this work, we consider a Federated Edge Learning (FEEL) system where training data are randomly generated over time at a set of distributed edge devices with long-term energy constraints. Due to limited communication resources and latency requirements, only a subset of devices is scheduled for participating in the local training process in every iteration. We formulate a stochastic network optimization problem for designing a dynamic scheduling policy that maximizes the time-average data importance from scheduled user sets subject to energy consumption and latency constraints. Our proposed algorithm based on the Lyapunov optimization framework outperforms alternative methods without considering time-varying data importance, especially when the generation of training data shows strong temporal correlation.
Effect of intense x-ray free-electron laser transient gratings on the magnetic domain structure of Tm:YIG (2022)

Magnetic patterns can be controlled globally using fields or spin polarized currents. In contrast, the local control of the magnetization on the nanometer length scale remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate how magnetic domain patterns in a Tm-doped yttrium iron garnet (Tm:YIG) thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be permanently and locally imprinted by high intensity photon pulses of a hard x-ray transient grating (XTG). Micromagnetic simulations provide a qualitative understanding of the observed changes in the orientation of magnetic domains in Tm:YIG and XTG-induced changes. The presented results offer a route for the local manipulation of the magnetic state using hard XTG.
Management of Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer: Report of the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2019 (2020)

Innovations in treatments, imaging, and molecular characterisation in advanced prostate cancer have improved outcomes, but there are still many aspects of management that lack high-level evidence to inform clinical practice. The Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2019 addressed some of these topics to supplement guidelines that are based on level 1 evidence. To present the results from the APCCC 2019. Similar to prior conferences, experts identified 10 important areas of controversy regarding the management of advanced prostate cancer: locally advanced disease, biochemical recurrence after local therapy, treating the primary tumour in the metastatic setting, metastatic hormone-sensitive/naïve prostate cancer, nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, bone health and bone metastases, molecular characterisation of tissue and blood, inter- and intrapatient heterogeneity, and adverse effects of hormonal therapy and their management. A panel of 72 international prostate cancer experts developed the programme and the consensus questions. The panel voted publicly but anonymously on 123 predefined questions, which were developed by both voting and nonvoting panel members prior to the conference following a modified Delphi process. Panellists voted based on their opinions rather than a standard literature review or formal meta-analysis. The answer options for the consensus questions had varying degrees of support by the panel, as reflected in this article and the detailed voting results reported in the Supplementary material. These voting results from a panel of prostate cancer experts can help clinicians and patients navigate controversial areas of advanced prostate management for which high-level evidence is sparse. However, diagnostic and treatment decisions should always be individualised based on patient-specific factors, such as disease extent and location, prior lines of therapy, comorbidities, and treatment preferences, together with current and emerging clinical evidence and logistic and economic constraints. Clinical trial enrolment for men with advanced prostate cancer should be strongly encouraged. Importantly, APCCC 2019 once again identified important questions that merit assessment in specifically designed trials. The Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference provides a forum to discuss and debate current diagnostic and treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer. The conference, which has been held three times since 2015, aims to share the knowledge of world experts in prostate cancer management with health care providers worldwide. At the end of the conference, an expert panel discusses and votes on predefined consensus questions that target the most clinically relevant areas of advanced prostate cancer treatment. The results of the voting provide a practical guide to help clinicians discuss therapeutic options with patients as part of shared and multidisciplinary decision making.
17-β Estradiol Protects ARPE-19 Cells from Oxidative Stress through Estrogen Receptor-β (2010)

These results indicate that 17β-E(2) protects ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress through an ERβ-dependent mechanism. 17β-E(2)-mediated cytoprotection occurred through the preservation of mitochondrial function, reduction of ROS production, and induction of cellular antioxidant genes.
Towards a nanofabricated vacuum cold-emitting triode (2017)

A technique to fabricate a vacuum cold-cathode nanoelectronic diode with a remarkably low 2-V turn-on voltage was recently presented. A three-terminal device based on the same technology is here designed and fabricated, to implement a vacuum nano-triode. The attempt was partially successful as the excessively large gate radius does not allow effective current control. Nonetheless, the obtained experimental results still disclose fundamental behaviors improving both the art and knowledge in the field. Specifically, it is found that: 1) thermionic field emission is ascertained both from a metal tip and from a silicon tip with a nearly 2-V turn-on voltage; 2) the gate current is negligible and the cathode current is efficiently collected by the anode, 3) emission is quite insensitive to temperature and the device can work also at high temperatures, observed up to 300 °C in a reliable manner. Finally, the unexpected bidirectional conduction can open a new scenario for the implementation of triac-like vacuum nanodevices.
Electronic spectroscopy of jet-cooled half-sandwich organometallic free radicals: laser-induced fluorescence study of the monomethylcyclopentadienyl complexes of zinc and cadmium (1992)

Laser excitation and single vibronic level fluorescence spectra have been obtained for the open-faced sandwich complexes methylcyclopentadienylzinc and methylcyclopentadienylcadmium, ZnC5H4CH3 and CdC5H4CH3, respectively. These molecules are produced in a supersonic jet expansion using a laser vaporization/photolysis technique. Two nearby excited electronic states were observed in the excitation spectra. These two states arise from splitting of the Ã2E1 states of ZnC5H5 and CdC5H5 owing to the lower symmetry of the metal methylcyclopentadienyl complexes. In the case of CdC5H4CH3, a third electronic state was also identified. Both laser excitation and dispersed fluorescence spectra of these molecules show extensive vibrational structure originating from both skeletal and intra-ring vibrations. From these features, we were able to determine where the metal atom is most likely located, i.e. above the ring in a ring-bonding (η5) fashion. In addition, we also observe low-frequency modes which we attribute to hindered rotation of the methyl group. Barriers to methyl free rotation and changes in conformation of the methyl group were determined from this structure. This report constitutes the first spectroscopic study of these free radicals and the first detailed investigation of methyl torsional barriers in open-shell organometallic molecules.
Augmented Reality for Medical Training in Eastern Africa (2023)

Access to qualified medical care is severely limited in low-resource areas within East Africa. Technologies like Augmented Reality (AR) have been shown to be useful for medical teaching and guidance and may contribute to the training of medical experts in these countries. While still expensive, AR has low infrastructure requirements like cell phones, where ownership has constantly increased over the last few years. However, AR is mainly tested for training and surgical applications in highly developed environments. In this study, we tested whether AR can also address the needs for healthcare and medical education in East Africa. Our study consisted of a medical need-finding part and a pilot study to address some of these needs with AR. Our study shows that remote teaching via AR led to significantly higher test score gains and more consistent results than in the in-person control group.
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexa-O-acetyl-scyllo-inositol (2012)

The title mol-ecule, C(18)H(24)O(12), has crystallographic 2/m symmetry with two acetate group located on a mirror plane. The H-Csp(3)-O-Csp(2) torsion angles characterizing orientation of the acetyl groups with respect to the cyclo-hexane ring are 0.0, 23.9 and -23.9°. The cyclo-hexane ring is in a chair conformation with all substituents in equatorial positions. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a chain extending along the c axis.
Alkaline Electrolysis Final Technical Report (2006)

In this project, GE developed electrolyzer stack technologies to meet DOE’s goals for low cost electrolysis hydrogen. The main barrier to meeting the targets for electrolyzer cost was in stack assembly and construction. GE’s invention of a single piece or “monolithic” plastic electrolyzer stack reduces these costs considerably. In addition, GE developed low cost cell electrodes using a novel application of metal spray coating technology. Bench scale stack testing and cost modeling indicates that the DOE targets for stack capital cost and efficiency can be met by full-scale production of industrial electrolyzers incorporating GE’s stack technology innovations.
Characterization of clutter in ultrasonic imaging using a nonlinear full-wave simulation method and in vivo human tissue. (2010)

Clutter is a well known image degradation mechanism in ultrasonic imaging that is patient dependent. Despite widespread agreement on clutter sources, there are few studies on sources and their contribution to overall image clutter. We have performed simulations of clutter using a nonlinear, full-wave method to demonstrate the characteristics and sources of ultrasonic clutter. Representations of human abdominal layers, created from histological stains of human abdominal layers, were placed at the surface of the transducer. Point targets and anechoic cysts were simulated to demonstrate the characteristics of clutter resulting from these near-field layers. We have also performed matching in vivo experimental studies in human bladders and livers. The simulations and experiments show consistent results. Clutter resulting from near-field tissue layers is spatially coherent with respect to axial motion and incoherent in the sampled pressure field. The contribution of off-axis clutter resulting from the tails of the point-spread-function is shown to be relatively small (&amp;lt;5%) compared to the contribution of clutter associated with near-field layers (approximately 68%). Thus, the dominating source of clutter is associated with multiple reflections in near-field tissue layers. Clutter due to off-axis scattering dominates only when an interfering target is close to the imaging target. [This work is supported by the NIH Grant R21-EB008481 from the NIBIB. Technical support was provided by the Ultrasound Division at Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.]
Structure of an unexpected dibenz[d, f]azonine from the HBr elimination of N-formyl-N-norbromocodide (1990)

La(+)−(R)−(Z) formyl-7 dihydro-8,9 methoxy-2 7H-dibenzo [d,f] azoninol-1, C 18 H 17 NO 3 , cristallise dans P2 1 2 1 2 1 avec a=9,966, b=14,025 et c=10,595 A, Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0,036. Les deux cycles phenyl sont presque perpendiculaires. Conformation type bateau pour le cycle a 9 membres avec la moitie N-formyl presque plane
Simulating Electrochemical Performance of Solid-State Electrolyte Bilayers Characterized by FIB Tomography (2021)

The garnet-like ceramic Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) is a strong candidate for replacing liquid organic electrolytes due to LLZO's high ionic conductivity, good thermal stability, and non-flammable chemical structure Through surface chemistry modifications to improve LLZO-Li metal compatibility, solid-state Li-metal batteries with low area-specific resistance (ASR) became feasible Additionally, adopting a porous-denseporous multi-layer microstructure further improved LLZO battery performance by minimizing electrolyte resistance, minimizing electrolyte mass, maximizing interfacial area (thus minimizing interfacial current density), and maximizing electrode loading However, further research is necessary to understand how different microstructures affect the performance of the overall electrolyte multilayer and batteries utilizing these electrolytes. Here, we simulated the electrochemical performance of LLZObilayers with varying porosities and interface conditions and evaluated the main factors affecting bilayer operation.
Thin Film Cadmium Zinc Telluride Solar Cells (2006)

A process for fabricating thin film heterojunction solar cells with cadmium zinc telluride (Cd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Zn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Te) absorbers is described. Cd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Zn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Te films with composition from 0lesxles0.6 were deposited by a simple vapor transport (VT) process at 550degC onto moving CdS-coated substrates. Post-deposition thermal treatment in halide vapor ambient yielded high photocurrent, limited primarily by window layer optics. Similar cell performance is demonstrated for ZnCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and CdCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> vapors using treatment protocols which retain film composition. Solar cell efficiency >12% has been achieved for cells with 0 < x < 0.10 (1.50 eV < E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> < 1.58 eV) and efficiency > 8.5% has been achieved for cells with 0.1 < x < 0.3 (1.58 < E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> < 1.60eV). No enhancement of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> with increasing band gap has been found and may be related to window-absorber interfacial reactivity and resulting junction non-uniformity
Role of Cln1 during melanization of Cryptococcus neoformans (2015)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that has several well-described virulence determinants. A polysaccharide capsule and the ability to produce melanin are among the most important. Melanization occurs both in vitro, in the presence of catecholamine and indole compounds, and in vivo during the infection. Despite the importance of melanin production for cryptococcal virulence, the component and mechanisms involved in its synthesis have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we describe the role of a G1/S cyclin (Cln1) in the melanization process. Cln1 has evolved specifically with proteins present only in other basidiomycetes. We found that Cln1 is required for the cell wall stability and production of melanin in C. neoformans. Absence of melanization correlated with a defect in the expression of the LAC1 gene. The relation between cell cycle elements and melanization was confirmed by the effect of drugs that cause cell cycle arrest at a specific phase, such as rapamycin. The cln1 mutant was consistently more susceptible to oxidative damage in a medium that induces melanization. Our results strongly suggest a novel and hitherto unrecognized role for C. neoformans Cln1 in the expression of virulence traits.
Targeting Notch Inhibitors to the Myeloma Bone Marrow Niche Decreases Tumor Growth and Bone Destruction without Gut Toxicity (2021)

Systemic inhibition of Notch with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) decreases multiple myeloma tumor growth, but the clinical use of GSI is limited due to its severe gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, we generated a GSI Notch inhibitor specifically directed to the bone (BT-GSI). BT-GSI administration decreased Notch target gene expression in the bone marrow, but it did not alter Notch signaling in intestinal tissue or induce gut toxicity. In mice with established human or murine multiple myeloma, treatment with BT-GSI decreased tumor burden and prevented the progression of multiple myeloma-induced osteolytic disease by inhibiting bone resorption more effectively than unconjugated GSI at equimolar doses. These findings show that BT-GSI has dual anti-myeloma and anti-resorptive properties, supporting the therapeutic approach of bone-targeted Notch inhibition for the treatment of multiple myeloma and associated bone disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Development of a bone-targeted Notch inhibitor reduces multiple myeloma growth and mitigates cancer-induced bone destruction without inducing the gastrointestinal toxicity typically associated with inhibition of Notch.
On-Chip Nonlinear Injection Locking for Stable Frequency Comb Generation (2014)

On-chip stabilization of a novel orthogonally coupled monolithic CPM semiconductor laser is presented with more than 14-times reduction in the RF linewidth and almost 5-times reduction in the optical linewidth of the CPM slave laser.
Direct writing of nanoporous capillaries inside fused silica using a focused femtosecond laser beam (2006)

One-step femtosecond laser writing is used to make nanoporous capillaries inside fused silica. Laser-induced dye fluorescence shows penetration over millimeters. Fluid flow can be controlled through the porosity dependence on the laser writing parameters.
Effects of Oral Administration of N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (2002)

N -Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) has been shown to exert cancer-protective mechanisms and effects in experimental models. We report here the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase II chemoprevention trial with NAC in healthy smoking volunteers. The subjects were supplemented daily with 2 × 600 mg of oral tablets of NAC ( n = 20) or placebo ( n = 21) for a period of 6 months, and internal dose markers [plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cotinine, urine mutagenicity], biologically effective dose markers [smoking-related DNA adducts and hemoglobin (Hb) adducts], and biological response markers (micronuclei frequency and antioxidants scavenging capacity) were assessed at both pre- and postsupplementation times ( T and T 1, respectively). Overall, the internal dose markers remained unchanged at T 1 as compared with T in both NAC and placebo groups. When quantifying the biologically effective dose markers, we observed an inhibitory effect of NAC toward the formation of lipophilic-DNA adducts (5.18 ± 0.73 versus 4.08 ± 1.03/108 nucleotides; mean ± SE; P = 0.05) as well as of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine adducts in BAL cells (3.9 ± 0.6 versus 2.3 ± 0.2/105 nucleotides; P = 0.003). There was no effect of NAC on the formation of lipophilic-DNA adducts in peripheral blood lymphocytes or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in mouth floor/buccal mucosa cells or 4-aminobiphenyl-Hb adducts. Likewise, quantification of the biological response markers showed an inhibitory effect of NAC on the frequency of micronuclei in mouth floor and in soft palate cells (1.3 ± 0.2 versus 0.9 ± 0.2; P = 0.001) and a stimulating effect of NAC on plasma antioxidant scavenging capacity (393 ± 14 versus 473 ± 19 μm Trolox; P = 0.1) but not on BAL fluid antioxidant scavenging capacity. We conclude that NAC has the potential to impact upon tobacco smoke carcinogenicity in humans because it can modulate certain cancer-associated biomarkers in specific organs.