gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Lightweight Passive Online Detection Method for Pinpointing Misbehavior in WLANs (2011)

Detecting misbehaving users in wireless networks is an important problem that has been drawing considerable attention. Even though there is a plethora of work on 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs), most existing schemes employ behavior-based anomaly detection, assuming that the backoff-time information of each transmitting node is available to the monitoring node. Unfortunately, it is practically infeasible to obtain the accurate backoff value chosen by other transmitting nodes because this MAC-layer information is not readily available. In this paper, we propose a practical way of pinpointing the misbehaving nodes without requiring access of hardware-level (e.g., backoff time) information in 802.11 WLANs. In contrast to most prior work, our scheme exploits the sequence of successfully received packets, which are readily observable at the access point. The distinct features of our scheme are that it 1) promptly detects a misbehaving node using a sequential hypothesis test, 2) performs well in realistic erroneous channel conditions due to its ability to accurately capture link heterogeneity, and 3) incurs negligible memory and computation overheads as it makes detection decisions based on runtime observations. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated via extensive simulation as well as implementation, demonstrating its capability of accurately detecting nodess' selfish behavior in realistic 802.11 WLAN environments.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL): gene targeting causes prenatal lethality in HL-deficient mice (1998)

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL, EC 4.1.3.4) catalyses the last step of ketogenesis from leucine and fatty acids. HL deficiency in humans is one of the many inborn errors of CoA ester metabolism. By gene targeting, we created a strain of HL-deficient mice. Heterozygous HL-deficient mice are clinically normal and fibroblasts from homozygous HL-deficient embryos grow normally despite absence of HL activity. In contrast, homozygous HL-deficient embryos die at approximately 11.5 days post-coitum. Histologically, HL-deficient embryos show marked vacuolization, particularly in liver. Ultrastructural studies of hepatocytes obtained before death from HL-deficient embryos reveal abnormal dilated mitochondria. HL-deficient mice are the first mammalian example of a disease primarily affecting CoA ester metabolism with abnormal prenatal development.
The FHIT gene at 3p14.2 is abnormal in breast carcinomas. (1996)

Chromosome 3p deletions in breast cancer have been detected at 3p12-p21 by cytogenetic and loss of heterozygosity studies. Recently, we have cloned the FHIT (fragile histidine triad) gene, located at 3p14.2. Abnormalities of the FHIT locus were found in many established cancer cell lines, and the gene was abnormally transcribed in primary tumors of the digestive tract and lung. In this report, we describe the analysis of breast cancer, cell lines, and primary tumors for alterations in transcription of the FHIT gene; about 20% of the samples exhibited altered transcripts. In most of the cases, aberrant transcripts were missing exons. Lack of expression of FHIT mRNA was observed in another 10% of primary tumor samples. These results suggest that alterations in the FHIT gene may play an important role in breast cancer tumorigenesis and suggest that the MIT gene product functions in the control of the tumorigenic phenotype in a large variety of human neoplasms.
Synthesis of New Rigid Rod Helical Polymers through the Living Polymerization of Carbodiimides Using Titanium(IV) Complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis of New Rigid Rod Helical Polymers through the Living Polymerization of Carbodiimides Using Titanium(IV) ComplexesAndrew Goodwin and Bruce M. NovakCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 19, 5520–5522Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00097a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00097a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Substrate-Specificity ofCandida rugosaLipase and Its Industrial Application (2019)

sponsorship: The team thanks the Industrial Research Fund (IOF, grant ZKC8139) as major source of funding. Furthermore, this work was supported by funds from KU Leuven (knowledge platform IOF/KP/14/003). M.D. thanks KU Leuven BOF for his appointment to Research Professor. (Industrial Research Fund (IOF)|ZKC8139, KU Leuven|IOF/KP/14/003)
QUESP and QUEST revisited – fast and accurate quantitative CEST experiments (2017)

The refined formulas yield improved exchange rate estimation. General convergence intervals of the methods that would apply for smaller shift agents are also discussed. Magn Reson Med 79:1708-1721, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Antigenic Analysis of a Putative New Strain of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1985)

A recent isolate (9320) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) that had been reported to differ from all previous strains was compared with RSV strains isolated over a period of 23 years by using the techniques of in vitro neutralization by specific antiserum and in vivo resistance to infection in cotton rats. The 9320 strain did not appear to be a novel antigenic variant and exhibited greater homology to several prototype strains than did an earlier isolate. The antigenic differences detected by in vitro neutralization disappear when virus strains are compared in vivo. Thus, it appears that concerns that antigenic instability might compromise efforts at RSV prophylaxis are unfounded.
Uplink Two-Phase Multi-User Detection for C-RAN with Massive MIMO Antenna Systems (2021)

Multi-User reception over massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) antenna systems is one of the key 5G technologies as it significantly improves 5G network spectral efficiency and capacity by supporting simultaneous transmission from multiple users on the same time and frequency resources in the uplink. Multi-user interference in this case is suppressed by using advanced beamforming techniques at the base station (BS) receiver which rely on channel state information (CSI). Such CSI is typically estimated with the help of orthogonal Demodulation Reference Signals (DM-RS) transmitted along with the data channel. As the number of simultaneously served uplink users increases, the number of orthogonal DM-RS signals (antenna ports) and, therefore, the DM-RS overhead also increase linearly. In this paper we propose a two-phase MIMO signal processing technique that reduces the DM-RS overhead by using non-orthogonal DM-RS uplink transmission. The proposed technique can be efficiently realized in a centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture with the first phase of signal processing implemented in the remote radio unit (RRU) and the second phase of signal processing in the centralized base-band unit (BBU) connected with each other by a fronthaul (FH) network.
Integrated High Sensitivity Hybrid Silicon Magnetometer (2014)

We propose and analyze a novel highly sensitive optical magnetometer, using low-loss silicon nitride waveguides. With the recent advances in Ce:YIG pulsed laser deposition on silicon nitride, we show the possibility of reaching sensitivities on the order of 20 fT/√Hz at room temperature in an area <;1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This letter examines a number of parameters, including the dependence of sensitivity on sensor area.
A Causal Roadmap for Hybrid Randomized and Real-World Data Designs: Case Study of Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes (2023)

Introduction: Increasing interest in real-world evidence has fueled the development of study designs incorporating real-world data (RWD). Using the Causal Roadmap, we specify three designs to evaluate the difference in risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with oral semaglutide versus standard-of-care: 1) the actual sequence of non-inferiority and superiority randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 2) a single RCT, and 3) a hybrid randomized-external data study. Methods: The hybrid design considers integration of the PIONEER 6 RCT with RWD controls using the experiment-selector cross-validated targeted maximum likelihood estimator. We evaluate 95% confidence interval coverage, power, and average patient-time during which participants would be precluded from receiving a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) for each design using simulations. Finally, we estimate the effect of oral semaglutide on MACE for the hybrid PIONEER 6-RWD analysis. Results: In simulations, Designs 1 and 2 performed similarly. The tradeoff between decreased coverage and patient-time without the possibility of a GLP1-RA for Designs 1 and 3 depended on the simulated bias. In real data analysis using Design 3, external controls were integrated in 84% of cross-validation folds, resulting in an estimated risk difference of -1.53%-points (95% CI -2.75%-points to -0.30%-points). Conclusions: The Causal Roadmap helps investigators to minimize potential bias in studies using RWD and to quantify tradeoffs between study designs. The simulation results help to interpret the level of evidence provided by the real data analysis in support of the superiority of oral semaglutide versus standard-of-care for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Loss of Expression of SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complex Components and SETD2 are Heterogeneous, Widespread, and Co-Occur in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2015)

ARE HETEROGENEOUS, WIDESPREAD, AND CO-OCCUR IN CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA Wei Jiang1, Essel Dulaimi2, Theodore Parsons1, Qiong Wang1, Karthik Devarajan2, Raymond O'Neill1, Charalambos C. Solomides1, Stephen C. Peiper1, Joseph R. Testa2, Robert Uzzo2 and Haifeng Yang1 1Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; 2Fox Chase Cancer Center/Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Spectroscopic and laser properties of Cr:LiCaA1F sub 6 and Cr:LiSrA1F sub 6 crystals (1989)

Cr:LiCAF and Cr:LiSAF have been found to be excellent materials for efficient, tunable, chromium lasers. Their physical, thermal, optical, and spectroscopic properties permit efficient laser emission at the watt level under laser pumping, tunable over the range 740-920 nm. Flashlamp pumping has generated joule level output energy without appearance of deleterious solarization effects. Further improvements in laser performance are anticipated as laser crystals of higher quality become available. This report covers work on the laser properties of Cr:LiCAF and Cr:LiSAF crystals.
Synthesis and Activity of Dafachronic Acid Ligands for the C. elegans DAF-12 Nuclear Hormone Receptor (2009)

The nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12 from Caenorhabditis elegans is activated by dafachronic acids, which derive from sterols upon oxidation by DAF-9, a cytochrome P450. DAF-12 activation is a critical checkpoint in C. elegans for acquisition of reproductive competence and for entry into adulthood rather than dauer diapause. Previous studies implicated the (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronic acid isomer as the most potent compound, but the (25S)-Delta(4)-isomer was also identified as an activator of DAF-12. To explore the tolerance of DAF-12 for structural variations in the ligand and to enable further studies requiring large amounts of ligands for DAF-12 and homologs in other nematodes, we synthesized (25R)- and (25S)-isomers of five dafachronic acids differing in A/B-ring configurations. Both the (25S)- and (25R)-Delta(7)-dafachronic acids are potent transcriptional activators in a Gal4-transactivation assay using HEK-293 cells, with EC(50) values of 23 and 33 nm, respectively, as are (25S)- and (25R)-Delta(4)-dafachronic acids, with EC(50) values of 23 and 66 nm, respectively. The (25S)- and (25R)-Delta(5)-isomers were much less potent, with EC(50) values approaching 1000 nm, and saturated 5alpha- and 5beta-dafachronic acids showed mostly intermediate potencies. Rescue assays using daf- 9-null mutants confirmed the results from transactivation experiments, but this in vivo assay accentuated the greater potencies of the (25S)-epimers, particularly for the (25S)-Delta(7)-isomer. We conclude that DAF-12 accommodates a large range of structural variation in ligand geometry, but (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronic acid is the most potent and probably biologically relevant isomer. Potency derives more from the A/B-ring configuration than from the stereochemistry at C-25.
Patency of ePTFE Arteriovenous Graft Placements in Hemodialysis Patients: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis (2020)

Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are an appropriate option for vascular access in certain hemodialysis patients. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) has become the dominant material for such grafts, due in part to innovations in graft design and surgical interventions to reduce complications and improve patency rates. Comprehensive evidence syntheses have not been conducted to update AVG performance in an era in which both access choice and ePTFE graft functioning may have changed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing outcomes from recent studies of ePTFE AVGs in hemodialysis, following PRISMA standards. Literature searches were conducted in multiple databases to identify observational and interventional studies of AVG patency and infection risk. Primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency rates were analyzed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postplacement. Kaplan-Meier graft survival plots were digitized to recreate individual patient-level data. Patency rates were pooled using a random effects model. We identified 32 studies meeting our selection criteria that were published from 2004 through 2019. A total of 38 study arms of ePTFE grafts were included, representing 3381 AVG accesses placed. The mean primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency rates at 1 year were 41% (95% CI, 35% to 47%), 46% (95% CI, 41% to 51%), and 70% (95% CI, 64% to 75%), respectively. Mean 24-month patency rates were 28% (95% CI, 22% to 33%), 34% (95% CI, 27% to 41%), and 54% (95% CI, 47% to 61%), respectively. A high degree of heterogeneity across studies was observed. Overall risk of infection was not consistently reported, but among available studies the pooled estimate was 9% per patient-year (95% CI, 6% to 12%). This meta-analysis provides an up-to-date estimate of the performance of ePTFE AVGs, within the context of improved graft designs and improved interventional techniques.
ZnO/Ag/Ag2WO4 photo-electrodes with plasmonic behavior for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation (2019)

Ag-based compounds are excellent co-catalyst that can enhance harvesting visible light and increase photo-generated charge carrier separation owing to its surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect in photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. However, the PEC performance of a ZnO/Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> heterostructure with SPR behavior has not been fully studied so far. Here we report the preparation of a ZnO/Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> photo-electrode with SPR behavior by a low temperature hydrothermal chemical growth method followed by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The properties of the prepared samples were investigated by different characterization techniques, which confirm that Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> was deposited on the ZnO NRs. The Ag<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>/Ag/ZnO photo-electrode showed an enhancement in PEC performance compared to bare ZnO NRs. The observed enhancement is attributed to the red shift of the optical absorption spectrum of the Ag<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>/Ag/ZnO to the visible region (>400 nm) and to the SPR effect of surface metallic silver (Ag<sup>0</sup>) particles from the Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> that could generate electron-hole pairs under illumination of low energy visible sun light. Finally, we proposed the PEC mechanism of the Ag<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>/Ag/ZnO photo-electrode with an energy band structure and possible electron-hole separation and transportation in the ZnO/Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> heterostructure with SPR effect for water oxidation.
Subcutaneous injections of low doses of humanized anti-CD20 veltuzumab: a phase I study in chronic lymphocytic leukemia* (2015)

To evaluate the potential of subcutaneous (SC) injections with anti-CD20 antibody veltuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 21 patients received 80, 160, or 320 mg injections every 2 weeks × 4 doses (n = 11) or 160 or 320 mg twice-weekly × 16 doses (n = 10). Treatment was well tolerated with only occasional, mild-moderate, transient injection reactions. Lymphocytosis decreased in all patients (maximum decrease, 5-91%), with 12 patients obtaining >50% decreases. Of 14 patients with lymphadenopathy on CT imaging, 5 (36%) achieved 14-61% reductions (sum of perpendicular diameters). By NCI-WG criteria, two patients achieved partial responses (10%). SC veltuzumab appeared active in all dose groups, with no obvious exposure-response relationship, despite cumulative doses ranging from 320-5120 mg. Overall median progression-free survival was 7.7 months; three patients remained progression-free >1 year (2 ongoing at 2-year study completion). These data suggest further studies of SC veltuzumab in CLL are warranted.
Strain Based AIV Evaluation (2014)

A framework for Acoustic Induced Vibration (AIV) evaluation is outlined which is based on estimating the pipe surface strain for an evaluation framework of structural fatigue. Critical to this approach is that the assessment is implemented with frequency based formulations. The frequency based formulation allows for more accurate determination of the pipe’s structure response and combining different sources, such as the valve and piping elements. The approach relies on internationally recognized standards as the core technology, in particular the IEC 60534-8-3 control valve aerodynamic noise prediction standard and the fatigue assessment in design codes, such as the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel code. These are augmented with system noise predictions using a non-dimensional testing based model for piping component noise predictions. Components of this approach have been described in previous papers and are presented here in a more complete form.
Redefining Wireless Communication for 6G: Signal Processing Meets Deep Learning (2020)

The year 2019 witnessed the rollout of 5G standard, which promises to offer significant data rate improvement over 4G. While 5G is still in its infancy, every there has been an increased shift in the research community for communication technologies beyond 5G. The recent emergence of machine learning (ML) approaches for enhancing wireless communications and empowering them with much-desired intelligence holds immense potential for redefining wireless communication for 6G. In this article, we present the challenges associated with traditional ML and signal processing approaches, and how combining them towards a model-driven approach can revolutionize the 6G physical layer. The goal of this article is to motivate hardware-efficient model-driven deep learning approaches to enable embedded edge learning capability for future communication networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient De Novo Synthesis of Functionalized 2,4,6,8‐ Tetraoxaadamantanes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC FORMATION OF CIS‐STILBENE OZONIDE FROM THE COSENSITIZED ELECTRON‐TRANSFER PHOTOOXYGENATION OF CIS‐ AND TRANS‐2,3‐DIPHENYLOXIRANES (1983)

Abstract Die mit den Verbindungen (II) und (III) cosensibilisierte Photooxidation der cis‐trans‐isomeren Oxirane (Ia) bzw. (Ib) liefert stereoselektiv jeweils das gleiche Ozonid (V).
Permeability characteristics of novel mydriatic agents using an in vitro cell culture model that utilizes sirc rabbit corneal cells (1999)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the permeability characteristics of a previously reported in vitro corneal model that utilizes SIRC rabbbit corneal cells and to investigate the permeability of three novel esters of phenylephrone chemical delivery systems (CDS) under different pH conditions using this in vitro model. The SIRC rabbit corneal cell line was grown on transwell polycarbonate membranes, and the barrier properties were assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) using a voltohmmeter. The permeabilities of esters of phenylephrone CDS across the SIRC cell layers were measured over a pH range 4.0-7. 4. The esters tested include phenylacetyl (1), isovaleryl (2), and pivalyl (3). The SIRC rabbit corneal cell line, when grown on permeable filters, formed tight monolayers of high electrical resistance with TEER values increasing from 71.6 +/- 20.8 Omega.cm2 at day 3 in culture to 2233.42 +/- 15.2 Omega.cm2 at day 8 in culture and remained constant through day 14 in culture. The transepithelial permeability coefficients (Papp) at pH 7.4 ranged from 0.58 x 10(-6) cm/s for the hydrophilic marker, mannitol, to 43. 5 x 10(-6) cm/s for the most lipophilic molecule, testosterone. The Papp at pH 7.4 for phenylephrine was 4.21 x 10(-6) cm/s. The Papp values and the lag times of the three esters of phenylephrone were pH dependent. The Papp for 1, 2, and 3 at pH 7.4 were 14.76 x 10(-6), 13.19 x 10(-6), and 12.86 x 10(-6) cm/s, respectively and the permeabilities decreased at conditions below pH 7.4. The lag times at pH 7.4 were 0.10, 0.17, and 0.12 h for 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and the values increased at lower pH conditions. The TEER values of SIRC cell line observed at day 8 to day 14 in the present investigation are similar to the resistance value reported for rabbit cornea (2 kOmega.cm2). All the esters showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher permeabilities than phenylephrine at pH 7.4. The rate and extent of transport of the drugs across the cell layers were influenced by the fraction of ionized and un-ionized species and the intrinsic partition coefficient of the drug. The results indicate that the permeability of ophthalmic drugs through ocular membranes may be predicted by measuring the permeability through the new in vitro cell culture model.