gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reductions with copper hydride. New preparative and mechanistic aspects (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductions with copper hydride. New preparative and mechanistic aspectsMartin F. Semmelhack and R. D. StaufferCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 24, 3619–3621Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00912a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00912a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views606Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Manifestações clínicas bucais da paracoccidioidomicose: um relato de caso (2021)

A Paracoccidioidomicose é uma doença fúngica decorrente do fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis que possui predileção por lugares quentes e úmidos, por essa razão há uma grande incidência da doença no Brasil. O sítio primário da doença envolve a região pulmonar, mas com o avanço das pesquisas e estudos voltados à doença, a região da mucosa bucal vem sendo bastante afetada com o fungo. O artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar as manifestações clínicas bucais da paracoccidioidomicose em uma paciente do sexo feminino que foi diagnosticada aos 79 anos, tratada com antifúngico oral pela equipe de odontologia e encaminhada para clínica médica para tratamento da doença. A paciente apresentou lesão ulcerada de fundo moriforme com pontos hemorrágicos no rebordo alveolar direito. Foi realizada a biópsia incisional e o resultado microscópico revelou estruturas birrefringentes sugestiva de Paracoccidioidomicose. A paciente foi tratada pela equipe de odontologia da clínica odontológica da Unifenas e posteriormente encaminhada ao setor de Infectologia do Hospital Alzira Vellano, de Alfenas-MG para avaliação e tratamento dos sintomas sistêmicos. Embasado nos resultados dos exames físico, clínico e histológicos e nas características que predispõe à susceptibilidade a doença, como ser tabagista há mais de 30 anos, hipertensa e trabalhadora da zona rural, levou-se ao diagnóstico final da lesão.
A case for hardware-supported sub-cache line accesses (2018)

Largely, the performance of main-memory databases is limited by the growing memory gap. To be efficient, a DBMS cannot waste any bandwidth. However, this is exactly the case when 64-byte cache lines are transferred but only parts of these are used. We present a cache simulator that measures this waste, show that current databases waste up to 70% of the available bandwidth, and discuss a new gather instruction with sub-cache line access granularity that could reduce this waste.
Development and demonstration of energy-conserving drying modifications to textile processes. Part II, Phase III. Final report, December 1, 1978-November 30, 1979 (1980)

Research was conducted to develop and to expand procedural and engineering modifications to textile drying processes in order to reduce energy requirements. Research was concentrated on: an investigation of the potential of a Machnozzle as a fabric predrying device and a program to optimize textile can drying with respect to energy consumption. Results demonstrated that the Machnozzle can significantly reduce the moisture content in fabric. The energy consumption of the Machnozzle compares favorably with that for steam can drying. An economic analysis of the Machnozzle as a predrying device was made using the Internal Rate of Return. Results showed that the economic feasibility of using the Machnozzle was dependent on the cost of energy and process operating conditions. (MCW)
Toward Secure Supply of Remdesivir via a 2-Pot Triazine Synthesis: Supply Centered Synthesis (2020)

Pyrrolotriazine 1 is an important precursor to Remdesivir, and an efficient synthesis is disclosed. This route features atom economy and reduced derivatization of starting materials, by making use of highly abundant, commoditized raw material inputs. The yield of triazine was doubled from 31% to 59%, and the synthetic step count was reduced from 4 to 2. A one-pot cascade sequence was developed for direct cyanation of pyrrole. Amination and cyclization with formamidine acetate complete the synthesis. The problematic nature of typically dilute electrophilic aminations was solved with semi-continuous processing. Moreover, development of a continuous platform afforded access to the ideal yet non-commercial aminating reagent, monochloramine. These efforts help to secure the Remdesivir supply chain.
Sex Disparities and Neutralizing-Antibody Durability to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Convalescent Individuals (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now caused over 2 million deaths worldwide and continues to expand. Currently, much is unknown about functionally neutralizing human antibody responses and durability to SARS-CoV-2 months after infection or the reason for the discrepancy in COVID-19 disease and sex. Using convalescent-phase sera collected from 101 COVID-19-recovered individuals 21 to 212 days after symptom onset with 48 additional longitudinal samples, we measured functionality and durability of serum antibodies. We also evaluated associations of individual demographic and clinical parameters with functional neutralizing antibody responses to COVID-19. We found robust antibody durability out to 6 months, as well as significant positive associations with the magnitude of the neutralizing antibody response and male sex and in individuals with cardiometabolic comorbidities. IMPORTANCE In this study, we found that neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19-convalescent individuals vary in magnitude but are durable and correlate well with receptor binding domain (RBD) Ig binding antibody levels compared to other SARS-CoV-2 antigen responses. In our cohort, higher neutralizing antibody titers are independently and significantly associated with male sex compared to female sex. We also show for the first time that higher convalescent antibody titers in male donors are associated with increased age and symptom grade. Furthermore, cardiometabolic comorbidities are associated with higher antibody titers independently of sex. Here, we present an indepth evaluation of serologic, demographic, and clinical correlates of functional antibody responses and durability to SARS-CoV-2 which supports the growing literature on sex discrepancies regarding COVID-19 disease morbidity and mortality, as well as functional neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 8 from <i>PARD3</i> Inactivation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas Impairs STAT3 and Promotes Malignant Invasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. PARD3-inactivation in the H157 lung cancer cell line. Figure S2. Ratio charts of the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) depicting a large intragenic deletion (from exon 4 to 23) in one of the LSCCs but not a normal DNA. Figure S3. Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) to determine the presence of promoter hypermethylation of PARD3. Figure S4. Relative abundance of the PARD3 transcriptsFigure S5. Western blot showing ectopic and transient expression of the indicated PAR3 proteins in the H157 cell line, immunoblotted with HA or PAR3 antibodies. Figure S6. Immunofluorescence with the anti-PAR3 antibody in the indicated T98G-derived cells, after (Dox+) induction of PAR3 expression with doxycycline (1 ng/µl, 24h). Scale bar, 50 µm. Figure S7. Western blot depicts the endogenous PAR3 protein in the indicated lung cancer cells and the ectopic expression of PAR3 in the H157tr-pD41_R74del cells (dox, 1 ng/µl; 24 h). Figure S8. Immunostaining of PAR3 in lung primary tumors and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Hausdorff-metric continuity of projection-generated Fourier descriptors</title> (1992)

The present paper concerns Fourier descriptors resulting from waveforms generated by geometric projection: a pattern A is projected on a line of angle (theta) , and the pattern's waveform is given by Proj(A,(theta) ), the length of the pattern's projection on the line. Rotating the line (varying (theta) ) generates the waveform and the pattern's descriptors are found by appropriately normalizing its DFT. Of interest is the behavior of projection- generated descriptors relative to the Hausdorff metric commonly employed in mathematical morphology, specifically, continuity of the descriptors relative to the Hausdorff metric. The fundamental proposition states that, as a mapping from the space of nonempty compact sets under the Hausdorff metric into the space of complex-valued sequences under the supremum norm, the projection-generated Fourier-descriptor transform is continuous. So long as we concern ourselves with nonempty compact sets, the basic morphological operations of erosion, dilation, opening, and closing are upper semicontinuous with respect to the Hausdorff metric; indeed, dilation is continuous. Hence, application of a morphological filter followed by computation of the projection-generated descriptors produces an upper semicontinuous operation (continuous in the case of dilation). Besides the general theory, the paper includes quantitative bounds on the descriptors for important morphological filters acting on noise images.
Anaesthesia for interventional neuroradiology (2011)

Providing safe care to patients in the remote radiology suite requires a clear understanding of the complexity of procedures being undertaken, potential complications and careful, thorough assessment of patients.
Effects of Hydrogen in Working Gas on Valence States of Oxygen in Sputter-Deposited Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films (2010)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy-elastic recoil detection analysis (RBS-ERDA) revealed that hydrogen in working gas for dc-plasma sputter deposition resided in indium tin oxide (ITO) films and generated the O(-) state seen as the suboxide-like O 1s peak in XPS. Growth of the suboxide-like O 1s peak was parallel with an increase of the resided hydrogen quantified by RBS-ERDA. The first-principles band structure calculation revealed that the electronic structure of In(2)O(3) crystal was realized typically for the most conductive as-deposited film grown in the gas containing hydrogen of 1%. The as-deposited film grown in the gas containing hydrogen of more than 1% exhibited rather high density but low mobility of carriers and showed the electronic structure above 4 eV originated from the O(-) state due to the resided hydrogen in addition to that of the most conducting one. Both well preserved In(2)O(3) band structure and proper concentration of the O(2-) vacancy are indispensable for achieving the highest conductivity; however, the O(-) state lowers efficiency of the carrier doping using the O(2-) vacancy in the lattice and increases density of the ionized scattering center for the carriers.
Relationship of torsion angle to 17O n.m.r. chemical shift data for aryl ketones (1986)

The natural abundance 17O n.m.r. spectra of thirteen variously hindered aryl ketones are reported and correlated with the torsion angle, predicted by molecular mechanics calculations, between the carbonyl group and the aromatic ring.
Heterogeneous Wheel‐Shaped Cu20‐Polyoxotungstate [Cu20Cl(OH)24(H2O)12(P8W48O184)]25− Catalyst for Solvent‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of n‐Hexadecane (2009)

The selective oxidation of alkanes as a green process remains a challenging task because partial oxidation is easier to achieve with sacrificial oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides or iodosylbenzene, than with molecular oxygen or air. Here, we report on a heterogeneous catalyst for n-hexadecane oxidation comprised of the wheel shaped Cu20-polyoxotungstate [Cu20Cl(OH)24(H2O)12(P8W48O184)]25- anchored on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (apts)-modified SBA-15. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-adsorption measurements and Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The heterogeneous Cu20-polyanion system catalyzed the solvent-free aerobic oxidation of n-hexadecane to alcohols and ketones by using air as the oxidant under ambient conditions. The catalyst exhibits an exceptionally high turn over frequency (TOF) of 20,000 h(-1) at 150 degrees C and is resistant to poisoning by CS2. Moreover, it can be easily recovered and reused by filtration without loss of its catalytic activity. Possible homogeneous contributions also have been examined and eliminated. Thus, this system can use air as oxidant, which, in combination with its good overall performance and poison tolerance, raises the prospect of this type of heterogeneous catalyst for practical applications.
Lower Glucose Effectiveness Is Associated with Subclinical Reactive Hypoglycemia, Snacking Habits, and Obesity (2023)

The effects of glucose effectiveness, the insulin-independent mechanism of glucose disposal, on hypoglycemia have not yet been fully investigated. Herein, in 50 males without a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (median age 54 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25), the index of glucose effectiveness (SgIo) was determined by a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed for 6 days. The minimal glucose levels and the percentages of time below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) (TBR70) during CGM were significantly associated with the SgIo tertile category in a biphasic manner. When TBR70 within 24 h after OGTT ≥ 0.6% was defined as subclinical reactive hypoglycemia (SRH), odds ratios of having SRH in SgIo tertile 1 (lowest) and tertile 3 (highest) compared to SgIo tertile 2 (middle) were both 11.7 (<i>p</i> = 0.007), while the odds ratios of the highest post-load insulin quartile were 22.9 (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and 1.07 (<i>p</i> = 0.742), respectively. The chances of having self-reported snacking habits, obesity (BMI ≥ 30), and impaired glucose tolerance were significantly higher in participants in SgIo tertile 1 compared to those in SgIo tertile 2, with odds ratios of 10.7 (<i>p</i> = 0.005), 11.2 (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and 13.8 (<i>p</i> = 0.002), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between SgIo tertile categories 2 and 3. In conclusion, SgIo is associated with SRH in a biphasic manner. In people with lower glucose effectiveness, the SRH-induced increase in appetite may create a vicious cycle that leads to obesity.
Can biowarfare agents be defeated with light? (2013)

Biological warfare and bioterrorism is an unpleasant fact of 21st century life. Highly infectious and profoundly virulent diseases may be caused in combat personnel or in civilian populations by the appropriate dissemination of viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, or toxins. Dissemination may be airborne, waterborne, or by contamination of food or surfaces. Countermeasures may be directed toward destroying or neutralizing the agents outside the body before infection has taken place, by destroying the agents once they have entered the body before the disease has fully developed, or by immunizing susceptible populations against the effects. A range of light-based technologies may have a role to play in biodefense countermeasures. Germicidal UV (UVC) is exceptionally active in destroying a wide range of viruses and microbial cells, and recent data suggests that UVC has high selectivity over host mammalian cells and tissues. Two UVA mediated approaches may also have roles to play; one where UVA is combined with titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a process called photocatalysis, and a second where UVA is combined with psoralens (PUVA) to produce "killed but metabolically active" microbial cells that may be particularly suitable for vaccines. Many microbial cells are surprisingly sensitive to blue light alone, and blue light can effectively destroy bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus spores and can treat wound infections. The combination of photosensitizing dyes such as porphyrins or phenothiaziniums and red light is called photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photoinactivation, and this approach cannot only kill bacteria, spores, and fungi, but also inactivate viruses and toxins. Many reports have highlighted the ability of PDT to treat infections and stimulate the host immune system. Finally pulsed (femtosecond) high power lasers have been used to inactivate pathogens with some degree of selectivity. We have pointed to some of the ways light-based technology may be used to defeat biological warfare in the future.
Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Iridium Dimers (1991)

Abstract The kinetics of photoinduced electron transfer and thermal recombination have been measured in a series of covalently linked donor-acceptor complexes. The molecules are based on pyrazolate-bridged iridium(I) dimers with pyridinium groups covalently bound to terminal phosphinite ligands. The driving-force dependence of the electron-transfer kinetics in one series agrees well with the predictions of the classical theory of electron transfer. The donor-acceptor electronic coupling, however, exhibits a sensitive and unexpected dependence on the nature of the bridge between the redox partners.
Cartilage boundary lubrication synergism is mediated by hyaluronan concentration and PRG4 concentration and structure (2015)

Collectively, these results demonstrate that deficiency of either or both PRG4 and HA, or alterations in PRG4 structure, may be detrimental to SF cartilage boundary lubricating function. This study provides further insight into the nature of cartilage boundary lubrication and advancement towards potential formulation of new intra-articular biotherapeutic treatments for osteoarthritis using PRG4 ± HA.
Maximizing Property Tuning of Phosphorus Corrole Photocatalysts through a Trifluoromethylation Approach (2019)

An eight-member series of CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted difluorophosphorus corroles was prepared for establishing a structure-activity profile of these high-potential photosensitizers. It consisted of preparing all four possible isomers of the monosubstituted corrole and complexes with 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-CF<sub>3</sub> groups on the macrocycle's periphery. The synthetic pathway to these CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted derivatives, beginning with (tpfc)PF<sub>2</sub>, involves two different initial routes: (i) direct electrophilic CF<sub>3</sub> incorporation using FSO<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>Me and copper iodide, or (ii) bromination to achieve the 2,3,8,17,18-pentabrominated compound using excess bromine in methanol. Crystallographic investigations revealed that distortion of the original planar macrocycle is evident even in the monosubstituted case and that it becomes truly severe for the penta-CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted derivative 5. There is a shift in redox potentials of about 193 mV per -CF<sub>3</sub> group, which decreases to only 120 mV for the fifth one in 5. Differences in the electronic spectra suggest that the Gouterman four orbital model decreases in relevance upon gradual -CF<sub>3</sub> substitution, a conclusion that was corroborated by DFT calculations. The very significant energy lowering of the frontier orbitals suggested that photoexcitation should lead to a highly oxidizing photocatalyst. This hypothesis was proven true by finding that the most synthetically accessible CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted derivative is an excellent catalyst for the photoinduced conversion of bromide to bromine (phenol, toluene, and benzene assay).
Zero-knowledge authentication schemes from actions on graphs, groups, or rings (2008)

We propose a general way of constructing zero-knowledge authentication schemes from actions of a semigroup on a set, without exploiting any specific algebraic properties of the set acted upon. Then we give several concrete realizations of this general idea, and in particular, we describe several zero-knowledge authentication schemes where forgery (a.k.a. impersonation) is NP-hard. Computationally hard problems that can be employed in these realizations include (Sub)graph Isomorphism, Graph Colorability, Diophantine Problem, and many others.
Protein kinase IKKβ-catalyzed phosphorylation of IRF5 at Ser462 induces its dimerization and nuclear translocation in myeloid cells (2014)

The siRNA knockdown of IFN Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) in the human plasmacytoid dendritic cell line Gen2.2 prevented IFNβ production induced by compound CL097, a ligand for Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). CL097 also stimulated the phosphorylation of IRF5 at Ser462 and stimulated the nuclear translocation of wild-type IRF5, but not the IRF5[Ser462Ala] mutant. The CL097-stimulated phosphorylation of IRF5 at Ser462 and its nuclear translocation was prevented by the pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase IKKβ or the siRNA knockdown of IKKβ or its "upstream" activator, the protein kinase TAK1. Similar results were obtained in a murine macrophage cell line stimulated with the TLR7 agonist compound R848 or the nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) agonist KF-1B. IKKβ phosphorylated IRF5 at Ser462 in vitro and induced the dimerization of wild-type IRF5 but not the IRF5[S462A] mutant. These findings demonstrate that IKKβ activates two "master" transcription factors of the innate immune system, IRF5 and NF-κB.
GaN power switching devices (2010)

State-of-the-art device technologies of GaN power switching transistors are reviewed. The presented technologies solve the technical issues on GaN transistors for practical use replacing currently used Si-based power devices. Thick epitaxial growth over 6-inch Si substrates enables low cost fabrication of GaN devices with high breakdown voltages. A new operating principle for the normally-off GaN transistor called Gate Injection Transistor (GIT) is proposed in which hole injection from the p-type AlGaN gate increases the drain current by conductivity modulation. Six GITs are integrated onto a single chip on silicon as the world first GaN-based monolithic inverter IC. The inverter IC successfully drives a motor with low operating loss which is 42% reduced from that of the conventional IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)-based one. These technologies are indispensable for wide-spread use of GaN power switching transistors in the future.