gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformal, Macroscopic Crystalline Nanoparticle Sheets Assembled with DNA (2015)

A novel method for preparing conformal silica-embedded crystalline nanoparticle sheets via DNA programmable assembly provides independent control over nanoparticle size, nanoparticle spacing, and film thickness. The conformal materials retain the nanoparticle crystallinity and spacing after being transferred to flat or highly curved substrates even after being subjected to various mechanical, physical, and chemical stimuli.
Protein Mimicry: A New Dimension for Peptides as Lead Compounds? (1998)

A short peptide as mimic for the hemopoietic growth factor erythropoietin (containing 165 amino acids) could be identified with the aid of peptide libraries on phage surfaces (phage display). The crystal structure of a peptide dimer complexed with two erythropoietin receptors (shown on the right) provides an insight into the molecular basis of this protein mimicry.
Stuff I’ve Seen: Retrospective and Prospective (2010)

The considered problem is interesting and relevant. A system like SIS would really facilitate every day’s life. The collected data and the arguments drawn from it suggest the effectiveness of SIS . However, as the scientific value of the study really lies on the experiments, somewhat more comprehensive empirical study would have been appreciated.
Superresolution far-field imaging by coded phase reflectors distributed only along the boundary of synthetic apertures (2018)

The resolution of imaging by space and earth-based telescopes is often limited by the finite aperture of the optical systems. We propose a novel synthetic aperture-based imaging system with two physical subapertures distributed only along the perimeter of the synthetic aperture. The minimum demonstrated two-subaperture area is only 0.43% of a total full synthetic aperture area. The proposed optical configuration is inspired by a setup in which two synchronized satellites move only along the boundary of the synthetic aperture and capture a few light patterns from the observed scene. The light reflected from the two satellites interferes with an image sensor located in a third satellite. The sum of the entire interfering patterns is processed to yield the image of the scene with a quality comparable to an image obtained from the complete synthetic aperture. The proposed system is based on the incoherent coded aperture holography technique in which the light diffracted from an object is modulated by a pseudorandom coded phase mask. The modulated light is recorded and digitally processed to yield the 3D image of the object. A laboratory model of imaging with two synchronized subapertures distributed only along the border of the aperture is demonstrated. Experimental results validate that sampling along the boundary of the synthetic aperture is enough to yield an image with the resolving power obtained from the complete synthetic aperture. Unlike other schemes of synthetic aperture, there is no need to sample any other part of the aperture beside its border. Hence, a significant saving of time and/or devices are expected in the process of data acquisition. © 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement.
The androgen receptor and signal‐transduction pathways in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer. Part 2: androgen‐receptor cofactors and bypass pathways (2005)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in men from the western world. Treatment of prostate cancer has relied on androgen deprivation therapy for the past 50 years. Response rates are initially high (70-80%), however almost all patients develop androgen escape and subsequently die within 1-2 years. Unlike breast cancer, alternative approaches (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) do not increase survival time. The high rate of prostate cancer mortality is therefore strongly linked to both development of androgen escape and the lack of alternate therapies. AR mutations and amplifications can not explain all cases of androgen escape and post-translational modification of the AR has become an alternative theory. However recently it has been suggested that AR co-activators e.g. SRC-1 or pathways the bypass the AR (Ras/MAP kinase or PI3K/Akt) may stimulated prostate cancer progression independent of the AR. This review will focus on how AR coactivators may act to increase AR transactivation during sub-optimal DHT concentrations and&#13;\nalso how signal transduction pathways may promote androgen escape via activation of transcription factors, e.g. AP-1, c-Myc and Myb, that induce cell proliferation or inhibit apoptosis.
Investigations of a combination of atopic status and age of asthma onset identify asthma subphenotypes (2023)

Early or late onset AAFS, AANFS, and NAA have shared and distinct phenotypic characteristics in children and adults. AAFS is a complex disorder involving genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.
Strong slow-light resonances in apodized deuterium-loaded femtosecond FBGs (2015)

This paper reports the generation of record low group velocities, large group delays, and high optical confinements in strong apodized fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The gratings were fabricated in deuterium-loaded fiber using an 806-nm femtosecond laser and a phase mask to produce strong apodized index-modulation profiles and low internal loss, followed by annealing to reduce residual losses. In a first FBG of this type with a length of ~25 mm and a non-saturated index modulation we measured a group delay–transmission product of 10.4 ns, the highest ever reported. In a stronger, shorter FBG (12.3 mm in length), a group delay of 42 ns was observed, corresponding to a group velocity of only ~290 km/s and a group index of 1020. In a still shorter and therefore lower loss device (~5 mm) we were able to observe the fundamental mode, and infer a Purcell factor as high as 25.5. These exceptional features are made possible in part by the gratings’ strong index modulation (~2x10<sup>-3</sup>) and ultra-low single-pass loss (~0.01–0.015 dB/cm).
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of antiarrhythmic agents: 4,4-disubstituted hexahydro-3H-pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidin-3-ones and related compounds (1985)

A series of 4,4-disubstituted tetrahydro- and 4,4-disubstituted hexahydro-3H-pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidin-3-ones (4 and 5, respectively) were prepared from 2-aryl-2-(2-piperidinyl)-4-[N,N-bis (1-methylethyl)amino] butanamides (2). Individual racemates of the piperidinyl amides 2 were converted to pure racemic diaza bicyclic compounds that were evaluated for antiarrhythmic activity in the Harris dog model and anticholinergic activity in a muscarinic receptor binding assay. Selected compounds were subsequently evaluated for hemodynamic effects in anesthetized dogs where blood pressure depression and negative inotropic activity were assessed. Of this group, 4a (R = CH3) and 5a (R = CH3) showed the most favorable pharmacological profiles; the former compound was chosen for toxicity testing over the latter due to its lack of noncompetitive inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum segments. Clinical evaluation is now under way.
Heat Treatment of Mature-green Tomatoes: Differential Effects of Ethylene and Partial Ripening (1998)

Mature-green `Sunbeam' tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were treated in varying order with C 2 H 4 , 42 °C water for 1 hour, 38 °C air for 2days, held 2 days at 20 °C (partial ripening), or not treated and then stored at 2 °C (chilled) for 14 days before ripening at 20 °C. Heat-treated fruit stored at 2 °C and transferred to 20 °C ripened normally, while 63% of nonheated fruit decayed before reaching the red-ripe stage. Partially ripened fruit developed more chilling injury, were firmer, were lighter, and were less red in color than fruit not partially ripened. Lycopene content and internal quality characteristics of fruit were similar at the red-ripe stage irrespective of sequence of C 2 H 4 exposure, heat treatment, or a partial ripening period. Of the 15 flavor volatiles analyzed, 10 were reduced by storage at 2 °C, Exposure to C 2 H 4 before the air heat treatment reduced the levels of four volatiles, while C 2 H 4 application either before or after the water heat treatment had no effect on flavor volatiles. Two volatiles were decreased and two were increased by partial vipening, Storage at 2 °C decreased the level of cholesterol and increased levels of campesterol and isofucosterol in the free sterol pool. Exposure to C 2 H 4 before or following heat treatments, the method of heat treatment, and partial ripening had little effect on free sterols, steryl esters, steryl glycosides, or acylated steryl glycosides in the pericarp of red-ripe fruit. A shortor long-term heat treatment of mature-green tomatoes could permit storage at low temperatures with little loss in their ability to ripen normally, whereas partial ripening did not reduce chilling injury.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A. Part 2. Second Generation Strategy and Construction of EFGH Model System. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transport properties of high green core density Bi-2212 textured-powder conductors (2014)

Bi-2212 monocore conductors have been fabricated using a high-density pre-textured Bi-2212 precursor. The conductors have been reacted using two methodologies: a non-melt (sintering) heat treatment, and a traditional partial-melt processing. Textured precursors are mechanically fabricated via a die stamping process that both textures and increases the density of the Bi-2212 component. The precursors were jacketed in Ag and successfully extruded and drawn without sausaging. Results of the fabrication process, critical current measurements (4.2 K, 5 T), and microstructure studies will be presented.
Multipotent Progenitor Cells Are Present in Human Peripheral Blood (2009)

To determine whether the peripheral blood in humans contains a population of multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs), products of leukapheresis were obtained from healthy donor volunteers following the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Small clusters of adherent proliferating cells were collected, and these cells continued to divide up to 40 population doublings without reaching replicative senescence and growth arrest. MPCs were positive for the transcription factors Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 and expressed several antigens characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells. However, they were negative for markers of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and bone marrow cell lineages. MPCs had a cloning efficiency of approximately 3%, and following their expansion, retained a highly immature phenotype. Under permissive culture conditions, MPCs differentiated into neurons, glial cells, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and osteoblasts. Moreover, the gene expression profile of MPCs partially overlapped with that of neural and embryonic stem cells, further demonstrating their primitive, uncommitted phenotype. Following subcutaneous transplantation in nonimmunosuppressed mice, MPCs migrated to distant organs and integrated structurally and functionally within the new tissue, acquiring the identity of resident parenchymal cells. In conclusion, undifferentiated cells with properties of embryonic stem cells can be isolated and expanded from human peripheral blood after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration. This cell pool may constitute a unique source of autologous cells with critical clinical import.
Periostin‐related progression of different types of experimental pulmonary hypertension: A role for M2 macrophage and FGF‐2 signalling (2022)

Periostin is involved in the development of different types of experimental PH, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of human PH.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY (2019)

Artificial intelligence is one of the many technologies currently impacting manufacturing. Over the years, the manufacturing industry has exploited the use of artificial intelligence, which is the imitation of human-like intelligence (aspects of recognition, perception, decision making, etc.) exhibited by machines. This paper briefly addresses the uses of artificial intelligence in the manufacturing industry.
Reliable cloud-based robot services (2013)

Internet and cloud-based robot services and their platforms are becoming attractive. Many related works have been also done, such as DAvinCi, ROS on Android, and RoboEarth. However, when robot services are provided via computer networks, very reliable services are required to deal with short/long-term disconnection between services and robots due to wireless LAN disconnection, robot service problems, system error on robots, and so on. In this paper, we adopt Robot Service Network Protocol (RSNP) as a robot service platform in order to integrate robot services with Internet services. In addition, we propose a method and architecture to realize reliable cloud-based robot services for RSNP in a communication view point.
Matched experimental and computational simulations of paintball eye impacts. (2008)

Over 1200 paintball related eye injuries are treated every year in US emergency departments. These injuries can be manifested as irritation from paint splatter in the eye to catastrophic rupture of the globe. Using the Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University Eye Model, experimental paintball impacts were replicated and the experimental and computational results compared. A total of 10 paintball impacts were conducted from a range of 71.1 m/s to 112.5 m/s. All experimental tests resulted in rupture of the globe. The matched computational simulations also predicted near-failure or failure in each of the simulations, with a maximum principal stress of greater than 22.8 MPa in all scenarios, over 23 MPa for velocities above 73 m/s. Failure stress for the VT-WFU Eye Model is defined as 23 MPa. The current regulation velocity for paintballs of 91 m/s exceeds the tolerance of the eye to globe rupture and underscores the importance for eyewear in this sport.
Approaching enzymatic catalysis with zeolites or how to select one reaction mechanism competing with others (2023)

Approaching the level of molecular recognition of enzymes with solid catalysts is a challenging goal, achieved in this work for the competing transalkylation and disproportionation of diethylbenzene catalyzed by acid zeolites. The key diaryl intermediates for the two competing reactions only differ in the number of ethyl substituents in the aromatic rings, and therefore finding a selective zeolite able to recognize this subtle difference requires an accurate balance of the stabilization of reaction intermediates and transition states inside the zeolite microporous voids. In this work we present a computational methodology that, by combining a fast high-throughput screeening of all zeolite structures able to stabilize the key intermediates with a more computationally demanding mechanistic study only on the most promising candidates, guides the selection of the zeolite structures to be synthesized. The methodology presented is validated experimentally and allows to go beyond the conventional criteria of zeolite shape-selectivity.
Performance of Alternate Chlorofluorocarbons in RIM Structural and Integral Skin Polyurethane Foams (1990)

Our initial objective was to determine if each CFC substitute performed equally as well as the control, CFC-11, when substituted directly on a molar weight basis. Machine evaluations were conducted of three RIM polyurethane foam systems: a structural foam, combustion modified structural foam, and a flexible integral skin foam. The differences in handling, processing and performance of these three materials were evaluated, and their results are presented in this paper
Synthesis of (-)-Tetrodotoxin (2008)

(-)-Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin most probably produced by bacteria living in aquatic animals, like puffer fish or frogs. It selectively binds to pores of the fast voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cell membranes.
The Upregulation of Regenerative Activity for Extracellular Vesicles with Melatonin Modulation in Chemically Defined Media (2022)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been widely known to have therapeutic effects by representing characteristics of the origin cells as an alternative for cell-based therapeutics. Major limitations of EVs for clinical applications include low production yields, unknown effects from serum impurities, and relatively low bioactivities against dose. In this study, we proposed a cell modulation method with melatonin for human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) cultured in serum-free chemically defined media (CDM) to eliminate the effects of serum-derived impurities and promote regeneration-related activities. miRNAs highly associated with regeneration were selected and the expression levels of them were comparatively analyzed among various types of EVs depending on culture conditions. The EVs derived from melatonin-stimulated hUCMSCs in CDM (CDM mEVs) showed the highest expression levels of regeneration-related miRNAs, and 7 times more hsa-let-7b-5p, 5.6 times more hsa-miR-23a-3p, and 5.7 times more hsa-miR-100-5p than others, respectively. In addition, the upregulation of various functionalities, such as wound healing, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, ROS scavenging, and anti-apoptosis, were proven using in vitro assays by simulating the characteristics of EVs with bioinformatics analysis. The present results suggest that the highly regenerative properties of hUCMSC-derived EVs were accomplished with melatonin stimulation in CDM and provided the potential for clinical uses of EVs.
Confirmation of the association between theTCF4risk allele and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy in patients from the Midwestern United States (2012)

Prior reports have shown that SNP rs613872 in the TCF4 gene is highly associated with FECD. Our study confirms this association and shows that the TCF4 gene has an important role in the pathogenesis of corneal disease in patients from Iowa.
Investigation of Designs for a Stationary Adaptive Multi-Pinhole Brain SPECT Employing Flat-Square Detector Modules (2020)

An adaptive-stationary-modular multi-pinhole (MPH) brain SPECT, AdaptiSPECT-C is being developed by the University of Arizona and University of Massachusetts Medical School to meet static and dynamic brain SPECT imaging needs. Salient features of the ASC include the use of adjustable pinhole apertures to dynamically adapt to imaging task needs, improved light measuring around the edge of the scintillator crystal, plus motion tracking and correction with attenuation correction enabled by usage of depth-sensing (DS)-cameras. For a target system spatial resolution of 8 mm at the focal point of the apertures, selected to enable comparison to current 2-headed commercial (2HC) SPECT imaging, we report investigation of aperture layout designs for a system with 3 rings of 18.4 cm flat square detector modules. We investigated sensitivity at the focal point in comparison to 2HC for usage of 1 versus 5 apertures per module, and variation in the extent of truncation and multiplexing of the irradiation fields by adjustment of the aperture location between the detector and focal point. For a system with one aperture per module and minor truncation we determined a sensitivity of 2.7x that of 2HC; whereas, with use of 4 oblique apertures with minor truncation and moderate multiplexing we determined the sensitivity was 4.6x, and with all 5 apertures resulting in significant multiplexing the sensitivity was 5.7x. We also determined through simulation better visualization of the rods of a Derenzo phantom, and perfusion distribution of XCAT brain phantom with the 5 pinhole design, using solely the 4 oblique pinholes. We thus believe that this design with 5 pinholes per detector module is an excellent candidate for use in construction of the AdaptiSPECT-C system.
Factors Involved in Mechanical Fatigue Degradation of Dental Resin Composites (2013)

The design of clinical trials allows for limited insights into the fatigue processes occurring in resin composites and the factors involved therein. In vitro studies, in contrast, can fundamentally narrow study interests to focus on particular degradation mechanisms and, to date, represent the major contributors to the state of knowledge on the subject. These studies show that microstructural features are important in determining strength and fracture toughness, whereas fatigue resistance is mainly related to the susceptibility of the matrix and the filler/matrix interface to mechanical and chemical degradation. In this review, we focus on fracture mechanisms occurring during fatigue, on the methods used to assess them, and on additional phenomena involved in the degradation of initial mechanical properties of resin composites.
Regiospecific cleavage of strained tri- and tetraquinane .beta.-diketones via retro-Claisen reaction (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiospecific cleavage of strained tri- and tetraquinane .beta.-diketones via retro-Claisen reactionW. C. Han, K. Takahashi, J. M. Cook, U. Weiss, and J. V. SilvertonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1, 318–321Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00365a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00365a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Electrochemical Properties of Organic Disulfide/Thiolate Redox Couples (1989)

The redox behavior, kinetic reversibility, chemical reversibility and stability, and the specific adsorption or chemisorption at electrode surfaces of a diverse group of organodisulfide cathode materials have been studied by potential‐sweep and potential‐step methods. The number of electrons involved in the redox reaction and the diffusion coefficients of the organodisulfide species in electrolyte solutions were determined with a rotating disk electrode in conjunction with chronocoulometry/chronoamperometry. Observations indicated that the overall, stoichiometric reaction of these redox couples is