gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous NO dual-generation by ZnO nanoparticle conjugated with α-lipoic acid for functional biodegradable vascular stent (2023)

Coronary artery diseases are treated with a biodegradable vascular scaffold (BVS) intervention. However, BVS need to be enhanced to avoid post-insertion side effects, which can be done by controlling the nitric oxide (NO) concentration in blood vessels. NO has excellent functions, such as re-endothelialization, inhibition of smooth muscle cells, and prevention of activation and aggregation of platelets, and is essential in maintaining a healthy heart and blood vessels. In this study, a novel nanoparticle with fortified NO-generating ability was synthesized by combining two mechanisms capable of long-term NO production: the decomposition of the NO donor by the redox reaction of zinc oxide and the thiol/disulfide exchange reaction between the NO donor and α-lipoic acid. Next, a poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffold containing synthesized nanoparticles was fabricated, and the potent functional recovery ability of unhealthy vessels was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The NO generated from scaffolds inhibited platelet adhesion and activation, increased endothelial cell proliferation, and decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation. In addition, the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species and their inhibition of toxic NO production were investigated. The scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in mice suppressed the inflammatory response and induced healthy blood vessel formation, offering a new tool for designing cardiovascular stents and various biological applications.
The rs5743836 polymorphism in TLR9 confers a population-based increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2011)

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been associated with immunological defects, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Given the link between immune dysfunction and NHL, genetic variants in toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been regarded as potential predictive factors of susceptibility to NHL. Adequate anti-tumoral responses are known to depend on TLR9 function, such that the use of its synthetic ligand is being targeted as a therapeutic strategy. We investigated the association between the functional rs5743836 polymorphism in the TLR9 promoter and risk for B-cell NHL and its major subtypes in three independent case-control association studies from Portugal (1160 controls, 797 patients), Italy (468 controls, 494 patients) and the US (972 controls, 868 patients). We found that the rs5743836 polymorphism was significantly overtransmitted in both Portuguese (odds ratio (OR), 1.85; P=7.3E-9) and Italian (OR, 1.84; P=6.0E-5) and not in the US cohort of NHL patients. Moreover, the increased transcriptional activity of TLR9 in mononuclear cells from patients harboring rs5743836 further supports a functional effect of this polymorphism on NHL susceptibility in a population-dependent manner.
High-throughput photocapture approach for reaction discovery (2020)

Modern organic reaction discovery and development relies on the rapid assessment of large arrays of hypothesis-driven experiments. The time-intensive nature of reaction analysis presents the greatest practical barrier for the execution of this iterative process that underpins the development of new bioactive agents. Toward addressing this critical bottleneck, we report herein a high-throughput analysis (HTA) method of reaction mixtures by photocapture on a 384-spot diazirine-terminated self-assembled monolayer, and self-assembled monolayers for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SAMDI-MS) analysis. This analytical platform has been applied to the identification of a single-electron-promoted reductive coupling of acyl azolium species.
Design and Testing of an Enhanced-Elongation Telescoping Self-Centering Energy-Dissipative Brace (2014)

The self-centering energy-dissipative (SCED) brace is a new steel bracing member that provides both damping and recentering capability to a structure, while reducing or eliminating residual building deformations after major seismic events. Previous SCED brace designs exhibited full self-centering capability over frame lateral deformations ranging from 1.5 to 2.0% of a typical building story height owing to the elongation capacity of the tendons comprising the system. To overcome this limitation, a new enhanced-elongation telescoping SCED (T-SCED) brace has been developed that allows for self-centering response over two times the range achieved with the original SCED bracing system. A prototype design of this proposed system was fabricated and tested quasi-statically and dynamically in a full-scale vertical steel frame. It exhibited full self-centering behavior in a single story frame that was laterally deformed to 4% of its story height. This new T-SCED brace also satisfied standard testing protocols for buckling restrained braces.
Amblyopic perception of biological motion (2008)

Although a number of low-level visual deficits in amblyopia have been identified, it is still unclear to what extent these deficits extend throughout the visual processing hierarchy. Biological motion perception can be a useful measure of local and global visual processing since the point-light stimuli that are often used to study this ability carry both local motion and global form information. To investigate the integrity of the biological motion processing system in amblyopia, we employed both detection and discrimination tasks with coherent or scrambled point-light walkers either alone or embedded in different types of point-light masks. These manipulations allowed for control over the amount of form and/or motion information available to the observers that could be used for task performance. We found that amblyopic eyes could process both the global form and local motion components of point-light walkers, indicating intact processing for these stimuli. However, amblyopic eyes did show an increased susceptibility to the addition of masking dots suggesting that segregation of signal from noise is deficient in amblyopia.
Analysis of Self-Attention Head Diversity for Conformer-based Automatic Speech Recognition (2022)

Attention layers are an integral part of modern end-to-end automatic speech recognition systems, for instance as part of the Transformer or Conformer architecture. Attention is typically multi-headed, where each head has an independent set of learned parameters and operates on the same input feature sequence. The output of multi-headed attention is a fusion of the outputs from the individual heads. We empirically analyze the diversity between representations produced by the different attention heads and demonstrate that the heads become highly correlated during the course of training. We investigate a few approaches to increasing attention head diversity, including using different attention mechanisms for each head and auxiliary training loss functions to promote head diversity. We show that introducing diversity-promoting auxiliary loss functions during training is a more effective approach, and obtain WER improvements of up to 6% relative on the Librispeech corpus. Finally, we draw a connection between the diversity of attention heads and the similarity of the gradients of head parameters.
A Phase 2 Study of Oral Difelikefalin for Moderate-to-Severe Pruritus in Subjects With Notalgia Paresthetica (KOMFORT) (2022)

N/A
Antimicrobial activities of essential oil of five plant species from Morocco against some microbial strains (2016)

International audience
DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation for Network Mobility (NEMO) (2011)

One aspect of network mobility support is the assignment of a prefix or prefixes to a mobile router for use on the links in the mobile network.This document specifies how DHCPv6 prefix delegation can be used for this configuration task.The mobile router plays the role of requesting router, while the home agent assumes the role of delegating router.When the mobile router is outside its home network, the mobile router also assumes the role of DHCPv6 relay agent, co-located with the requesting router function.
Design of High Efficient Mid‐Wavelength Infrared Polarizer on ORMOCHALC Polymer (2020)

Abstract While an organically modified chalcogenide (ORMOCHALC) can be used to fabricate a polymeric mid‐wavelength infrared (MWIR) polarizer with competitive extinction ratio compared to the commercial wire‐grid polarizers, which are composed of fragile inorganic materials, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the systematic design process to obtain high transmission efficiency and extinction ratio. To this end, a computational parameter study for design optimization is conducted with the geometric parameters of the bilayer grating ORMOCHALC polarizer. The computational study shows that the Fabry–Pérot cavity is the primary mechanism that determines the transmission behaviors and the extinction ratio. A bilayer grating design, guided by the parameter study, is realized through the thermal nanoimprint and metal deposition processes. The extinction ratios measured with the Fourier‐transform infrared are 245, 304, and 351 at the wavelength of 3, 4, and 5 µm, respectively. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art of the polymeric MWIR linear polarizers, the extinction ratio is improved by 1.4 times, and the transmission efficiency is increased by 2.5 times. Theoretical analysis with the multiple‐layer model based on the transfer matrix method predicts a matched transmission behavior with the experiment and a full‐wave electromagnetic simulation.
TGF-β inhibits the activation and functions of NK cells by repressing the mTOR pathway (2016)

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a major immunosuppressive cytokine that maintains immune homeostasis and prevents autoimmunity through its antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties in various immune cell types. We provide genetic, pharmacologic, and biochemical evidence that a critical target of TGF-β signaling in mouse and human natural killer (NK) cells is the serine and threonine kinase mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). Treatment of mouse or human NK cells with TGF-β in vitro blocked interleukin-15 (IL-15)-induced activation of mTOR. TGF-β and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin both reduced the metabolic activity and proliferation of NK cells and reduced the abundances of various NK cell receptors and the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. In vivo, constitutive TGF-β signaling or depletion of mTOR arrested NK cell development, whereas deletion of the TGF-β receptor subunit TGF-βRII enhanced mTOR activity and the cytotoxic activity of the NK cells in response to IL-15. Suppression of TGF-β signaling in NK cells did not affect either NK cell development or homeostasis; however, it enhanced the ability of NK cells to limit metastases in two different tumor models in mice. Together, these results suggest that the kinase mTOR is a crucial signaling integrator of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in NK cells. Moreover, we propose that boosting the metabolic activity of antitumor lymphocytes could be an effective strategy to promote immune-mediated tumor suppression.
A Cross-sectional Examination of Quadriceps Strength, Biomechanical Function, and Functional Performance From 9 to 24 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2020)

Quadriceps strength, self-perceived function, and functional performance improve 9 to 24 months after ACLR, indicating that recovery is ongoing after return to activity. Return-to-activity criteria after ACLR should objectively account for strength and function.
Solubilization and Detergency (2020)

To deliver products satisfying different consumers, the detergent industry has to master not only the formulations but also the ways they interact with the different types of soils and surfaces. The rules to optimize the solubilization of oily materials in surfactant aqueous solutions are discussed 494as a function of temperature, amphiphile structure, additives in water, and oil nature. The solubilization of oil or grease in nonaqueous media is also discussed in terms of solvent solubility parameters and molar volume.
Phase effects in passive nonlinear resonators (1991)

New effects in passive nonlinear resonators are considered. It is shown that effective suppression of phase distortions in systems of this kind resembles phase conjugation. Control of the phase of a light wave inside such resonators can provide an active means for modifying the spatial characteristics of the output radiation by producing optical fields with the required structure.
Comparison of Two Searchback Schemes for Non-Coherent TOA Estimation in IR-UWB Systems (2006)

Time of arrival estimation in impulse radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) can be achieved using non-coherent processing of the received signal, and searching back the samples prior to the peak sample value in order to identify the leading edge sample. In the literature, two kinds of searchback schemes are discussed for identifying the leading edge. In this paper, we analyze both theoretically and via simulations the trade-offs between these two kinds of searchback schemes based on the statistics of realistic channel models.
Skeletal muscle metaboreflex control of ventilation and perception of dyspnoea is enhanced in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2023)

Background: Exertional dyspnoea limits exercise capacity and worsens quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Exercise in PAH is characterised by excess ventilation, leading to dyspnoea, however the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In PAH, there is evidence for skeletal muscle myopathy, with defects in mitochondrial function and metabolism. Such skeletal muscle dysfunction can lead to an early and more pronounced accumulation of metabolites during exercise that activates metabolically responsive skeletal muscle afferents (metaboreflex), thereby driving ventilation and exertional dyspnoea. To investigate this, the cardiorespiratory responses and ratings of perceived dyspnoea during metaboreflex activation were characterised in PAH. Hypothesis: We hypothesise that the skeletal muscle metaboreflex is augmented in PAH, driving ventilation and the perception of dyspnoea. Methods: Twelve PAH patients (8 female, 50 ± 13 years; mean ± SD) and 12 healthy control subjects (7 female, 51 ± 16 years) completed a handgrip exercise involving a baseline (2 min), isometric handgrip at 35% maximum voluntary contraction (2 min), and recovery (4 min). During recovery, participants underwent post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) to activate the metaboreflex (2 min) followed by free-flow recovery (2 min). Minute ventilation (V̇E), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured. Dyspnoea was subjectively rated with the Borg dyspnoea scale (0-10). Results: Baseline V̇E was not significantly different between PAH patients and healthy controls (14.2 ± 2.1 vs. 12.9 ± 2.2 L/min, p=0.163), nor were baseline ratings of perceived dyspnoea, HR and MAP significantly different between groups. During handgrip (2nd min), V̇E response was greater in PAH versus healthy controls (Δ4.7 ± 4.3 vs. 2.5 ± 1.8 L/min, p=0.007). The V̇E response during PECO (2nd min) was greater in PAH (Δ2.2 ± 1.7 vs. 0.4 ± 1.4 L/min, p=0.028). Ratings of perceived dyspnoea during PECO were greater in PAH patients (Δ2.0 ± 1.2 vs. 0.8 ± 1.2 units, p=0.017). HR and MAP responses to handgrip and PECO were not different between PAH and healthy controls. Conclusions: These findings indicate that during handgrip exercise, skeletal muscle metaboreflex activation enhances both the ventilatory response and perception of dyspnoea in PAH relative to healthy participants, but does not augment the cardiovascular response suggesting differential reflex sensitisation. This study has received funding support from the Greenlane Research and Educational Fund (Ref# 21/01/4153. MP, SS, JFRP, JPF), Health Research Council of New Zealand (Ref# 19/687. JFRP, JPF), and the Sydney Taylor Trust (JFRP). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Modeling Failure Reduction for Combinational Logic using Gate Level NMR (2007)

We present a mathematical model for describing the relationship between overhead and error reduction under single-error conditions in combinational logic using N-modular redundancy (NMR) as an upper bound. We then provide an analysis for the model under more realistic circuit and overhead assumptions. We compare system, sub-circuit, and gate level NMR. Based on our results, implementing NMR at the gate level offers the benefits of NMR with customizable overheads but with reduced effectiveness when compared to system level implementations
Distributing the Stochastic Gradient Sampler for Large-Scale LDA (2016)

Learning large-scale Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) models is beneficial for many applications that involve large collections of documents.Recent work has been focusing on developing distributed algorithms in the batch setting, while leaving stochastic methods behind, which can effectively explore statistical redundancy in big data and thereby are complementary to distributed computing.The distributed stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (DSGLD) represents one attempt to combine stochastic sampling and distributed computing, but it suffers from drawbacks such as excessive communications and sensitivity to partitioning of datasets across nodes. DSGLD is typically limited to learn small models that have about 103 topics and $10^3$ vocabulary size.
Quality-delay tradeoff optimization in multi-bitrate adaptive streaming (2015)

This paper studies the delay-quality tradeoff of variable bitrate (VBR) videos in multi-bitrate adaptive streaming. A novel method is presented that provides an adapted video with the best possible quality while still meeting the constraints of bandwidth and delay.
A Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Network for Symbolic Melody Generation (2017)

In recent years, neural networks have been used to generate symbolic melodies. However, the long-term structure in the melody has posed great difficulty for designing a good model. In this paper, we present a hierarchical recurrent neural network for melody generation, which consists of three Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) subnetworks working in a coarse-to-fine manner along time. Specifically, the three subnetworks generate bar profiles, beat profiles and notes in turn, and the output of the high-level subnetworks are fed into the low-level subnetworks, serving as guidance for generating the finer time-scale melody components in low-level subnetworks. Two human behavior experiments demonstrate the advantage of this structure over the single-layer LSTM which attempts to learn all hidden structures in melodies. Compared with the state-of-the-art models MidiNet and MusicVAE, the hierarchical recurrent neural network produces better melodies evaluated by humans.
A Priori Phase Prediction of Zeolites:  Case Study of the Structure-Directing Effects in the Synthesis of MTT-Type Zeolites (2007)

This study first uses molecular modeling to examine the structure-directing effects of small amines that are selective for the crystallization of MTT-type zeolite phases. The optimized van der Waals interactions of these small amines are compared within the one-dimensional pore zeolites with the MTT, TON, and MTW frameworks. From these results and our previous molecular modeling studies of structure-directing agents (SDA) for MTT-type zeolites, a large number of amines or quaternary ammonium molecules are successfully predicted to be selective for MTT phases. These molecules were chosen by matching the crystallographic periodicity of the pore structure with the distances between the centers of branched groups in these molecules. These molecules vary in length and in the number of branched moieties, and a few of these molecules are polymeric or oligomeric. In test cases where the distances between the branched groups are not multiples of the pore periodicity, with few exceptions these molecules usually do not produce MTT phases. Finally, we discuss the inorganic conditions necessary for crystallization of MTT phases in borosilicate preparations with some of the diamines in this investigation.
Dialysis (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Three years of Stem Cell Research & Therapy (2013)

This year we celebrate three years of publication of Stem Cell Research & Therapy. In this short space of time, as the number of journals in the stem cell and regenerative medicine field has grown and continues to grow dramat-
A Model To Estimate the Sources of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Cigarette Smoke (2017)

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are one of the most extensively and continually studied classes of compounds found in tobacco and cigarette smoke.1-5 The TSNAs N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) have been characterized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as harmful and potentially harmful constituents in tobacco products,6 and cigarette manufacturers report their levels in cigarette tobacco filler and cigarette smoke to the FDA. NNN and NNK are classified by IARC as carcinogenic to humans.7 TSNAs transfer from tobacco to smoke by evaporation driven by heat and the flow of gases down the cigarette rod. Other TSNA sources in smoke include pyrorelease, where room temperature-unextractable TSNAs are released by smoking, and pyrosynthesis, where TSNAs are formed by reactions during smoking. We propose the first model that quantifies these three sources of TSNA in smoke. In our model, evaporative transfer efficiency of a TSNA is equated to the evaporative transfer efficiency of nicotine. Smoke TSNA measured in excess of what is transferred by evaporation is termed "pyrogeneration," which is the net sum of pyrorelease and pyrosynthesis minus pyrodegredation. This model requires no internal standard, is applicable to commercial cigarettes "as is," and uses existing analytical methods. This model was applied to archived Philip Morris USA data. For commercial blended cigarettes, NNN pyrogeneration appears to be unimportant, but NNK pyrogeneration contributes roughly 30-70% of NNK in smoke with the greater contribution at lower tobacco NNK levels. This means there is an opportunity to significantly reduce smoke NNK by up to 70% if pyrogeneration can be decreased or eliminated, perhaps by finding a way to grow and cure tobacco with reduced matrix-bound NNK. For burley research cigarettes, pyrogeneration may account for 90% or more of both NNN and NNK in smoke.
Red-Pill Robots Only, Please (2011)

Blue-pill robots are engineered to deceive (perhaps in an attempt to secure desirable ends). Red-pill robots, on the other hand, are built to do no violence to truth. While “taking the blue pill” is an option some select, this path, in the context of present and future robotics, is an exceedingly bad one by our lights, and we herein defend this position by attempting to show that the production of blue-pill robots via engineering as we know it should be avoided.