gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of amino-functionalized MCM-41 via direct co-condensation and post-synthesis grafting methods using mono-, di- and tri-amino-organoalkoxysilanesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD patterns of (A) x-dNN-MCM-41 and (B) x-dNNN-MCM-41 after the extraction of the surfactant, 29Si MAS NMR spectra of MCM-41 samples prepared by (A) direct co-condensation and (B) post-synthesis grafting methods. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b3/b310576h/ (2004)

Amino-functionalized mesoporous MCM-41 materials were synthesized directly by co-condensation of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (N silane), [1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl]trimethoxysilane (NN silane) or 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine (NNN silane) with tetraethyl orthosilicate. The maximum proportions of N, NN and NNN silanes in the Si sources for obtaining the hexagonally structured functionalized silica were 0.5, 0.4 and 0.4, respectively. The 29Si MAS NMR measurements of the materials thus obtained indicate that the Si atoms containing Si–C bonds accounted for 26.0, 17.0 and 7.8 Si mol% of the total silicons, respectively. By comparing with the results from the elemental analyses and the argentometric titrations of the surfactant-extracted samples, it was revealed that all the amino moieties incorporated were not present on the surface, but some of them were in the wall of the hexagonal channels. Amino-functionalized MCM-41 samples were also synthesized via a post-synthesis grafting on dehydrated MCM-41. At the maximum level of silylation with N, NN and NNN silanes, Si atoms containing Si–C bonds of about 20.6, 19.2 and 17.9 Si mol%, respectively, were obtained, indicating that the surface coverage of amino-organoalkoxysilanes anchored to silanol groups on the surface of MCM-41 were almost the same, irrespective of the size of the amino-organoalkoxysilanes. The adsorption experiments of Co2+ and Fe3+ were conducted in order to comparatively investigate the activity and the location of the amino-organic moieties introduced via the two methods, and some differences in the activity of amino groups derived from N, NN and NNN silanes were found. The cations adsorbed on the amino-functionalized samples via the co-condensation method were increased with an increase in the surface density of amino groups regardless of the amino-organoalkoxysilanes. When N and NN silanes were grafted onto the surface of MCM-41, the adsorption capacity was increased with an increase in the surface density of amino groups. However, when NNN silane was anchored to the surface, the adsorption capacity was decreased with an increase in the surface density of the amino groups. These results imply that the locations of the amino groups introduced to the silica via the direct co-condensation and the post-synthesis grafting methods are clearly different.
Spatially variant positron range modeling derived from CT for PET image reconstruction (2008)

The influence of a finite positron annihilation distance represents a fundamental limit to the spatial resolution of PET scanners. It is appreciated that this effect is a minor concern in whole-body F18 imaging, but it does represent an issue when imaging with higher energy isotopes such as N13 or Rb82. This effect is especially relevant for imaging tasks along tissue gradients such as the cardiac/lung boundary and diaphragm/lung boundary. This work presents a method to determine the positron range effect from a CT scan and to model this effect as shift-variant, anisotropic kernels. The positron annihilation distance across boundaries of tissues is represented with a simple model, which can be quickly derived from CT scans and applied in the reconstruction of PET images. The positron range compensation map is applied in a modified OSEM algorithm to simulated and measured data.
Hybrid Low-Power Wide-Area Mesh Network for IoT Applications (2020)

The recent advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) enables the possibility of data collection from diverse environments using IoT devices. However, despite the rapid advancement of low-power communication technologies, the deployment of IoT networks still faces many challenges. In this article, we propose a hybrid, low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN) structure that can achieve wide-area communication coverage and low-power consumption on IoT devices by utilizing both sub-GHz long-range radio and 2.4-GHz short-range radio. Specifically, we constructed a low-power mesh network with LoRa, a physical-layer standard that can provide long-range (kilometers) point-to-point communication using custom time-division multiple access (TDMA). Furthermore, we extended the capabilities of the mesh network by enabling ANT, an ultralow-power, short-range communication protocol to satisfy data collection in dense device deployments. Third, we demonstrate the performance of the hybrid network with two real-world deployments at the Purdue University campus and at the university-owned farm. The results suggest that both networks have superior advantages in terms of cost, coverage, and power consumption vis-à-vis other IoT solutions, like LoRaWAN.
Overview of a cyber-enabled wireless monitoring system for the protection and management of critical infrastructure systems (2009)

The long-term deterioration of large-scale infrastructure systems is a critical national problem that if left unchecked, could lead to catastrophes similar in magnitude to the collapse of the I-35W Bridge. Fortunately, the past decade has witnessed the emergence of a variety of sensing technologies from many engineering disciplines including from the civil, mechanical and electrical engineering fields. This paper provides a detailed overview of an emerging set of sensor technologies that can be effectively used for health management of large-scale infrastructure systems. In particular, the novel sensing technologies are integrated to offer a comprehensive monitoring system that fundamentally addresses the limitations associated with current monitoring systems (for example, indirect damage sensing, cost, data inundation and lack of decision making tools). Self-sensing materials are proposed for distributed, direct sensing of specific damage events common to civil structures such as cracking and corrosion. Data from self-sensing materials, as well as from more traditional sensors, are collected using ultra low-power wireless sensors powered by a variety of power harvesting devices fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Data collected by the wireless sensors is then seamlessly streamed across the internet and integrated with a database upon which finite element models can be autonomously updated. Life-cycle and damage detection analyses using sensor and processed data are streamed into a decision toolbox which will aid infrastructure owners in their decision making.
Case 14 (2013)

Case presentations focus on mapping techniques, diagnosis, and proper catheter placement for successful ablation of arrhythmias. This case focuses on wide complex tachycardia, automatic tachycardia, and reentrant tachycardia.
Shape control of large lightweight mirrors with dielectric elastomer actuation (2003)

Space-based astronomy and remote sensing systems would benefit from extremely large aperture mirrors that can permit greater-resolution images. To be cost effective and practical, such optical systems must be lightweight and capable of deployment from highly compacted stowed configurations. Such gossamer mirror structures are likely to be very flexible and therefore present challenges in achieving and maintaining the required optically precise shape. Active control based on dielectric elastomers was evaluated in order to address these challenges. Dielectric elastomers offer potential advantages over other candidate actuation technologies including high elastic strain, low power dissipation, tolerance of the space environment, and ease of commercial fabrication into large sheets. The basic functional element of dielectric elastomer actuation is a thin polymer film coated on both sides by a compliant electrode material. When voltage is applied between electrodes, a compressive force squeezes the film, causing it to expand in area. We have explored both material survivability issues and candidate designs of adaptive structures that incorporate dielectric elastomer actuation. Experimental testing has shown the operation of silicone-based actuator layers over a temperature range of -100 &deg;C to 260 &deg;C, suitable for most earth orbits. Analytical (finite element) and experimental methods suggested that dielectric elastomers can produce the necessary shape change when laminated to the back of a flexible mirror or incorporated into an inflatable mirror. Interferometric measurements verified the ability to effect controllable shape changes less than the wavelength of light. In an alternative design, discrete polymer actuators were shown to be able to control the position of a rigid mirror segment with a sensitivity of 1800 nm/V, suggesting that sub-wavelength position control is feasible. While initial results are promising, numerous technical challenges remain to be addressed, including the development of shape control algorithms, the fabrication of optically smooth reflective coatings, consideration of dynamic effects such as vibration, methods of addressing large-numbers of active areas, and stowability and deployment schemes.
Certification of Cystatin C in the Human Serum Reference Material ERM-DA471/IFCC - Certified Reference Material ERM®-DA471/IFCC (2010)

The production of ERM-DA471/IFCC, certified for the mass concentration of cystatin C, is described.\nSerum was produced from blood collected in 2 collection centres according to a procedure ensuring that it was obtained from healthy donors, and that the lipid content of the serum was low. The serum was processed, spiked with recombinant cystatin C, and lyophilised. It was verified that the material is homogenous and stable. \nThe material was characterised using a pure protein primary reference preparation (PRP) as calibrant. The PRP was prepared from recombinant cystatin C, and its concentration determined by dry mass determination. The characterisation of ERM-DA471/IFCC was performed by particle enhanced immuno-nephelometry, particle enhanced immuno-turbidimetry and enzyme amplified single radial immuno-diffusion. \nThe certified cystatin C mass concentration in ERM-DA471/IFCC, if reconstituted according to the specified procedure, is 5.48 mg/L, the expanded uncertainty (k = 2) is 0.15 mg/L.
Synthesis and Lithiation of Monosilylated 1,3,5,7-Octatetrayne (1990)

Abstract Unstable monosilylated 1,3,5,7-octatetrayne was synthesized and lithiated with butyllithium. The resulted lithium acetylide added to aldehydes and a ketone giving tetraynols in high yields.
Ca2+-dependent depolarization of energized mitochondrial membrane potential by chlortetracycline (aureomycin). (1982)

The addition of chlortetracycline (CTC) to succinate-energized rat liver mitochondria resulted in depolarization of the membrane potential and decreased respiratory control. CTC inhibited both processes at concentrations that were half maximally effective at approximately 13 and 16 microM, respectively. These inhibitory effects were prevented by either the Ca2+ chelator, ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, or the inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, ruthenium red. These findings are consistent with the formation of a membrane associated calcium-CTC complex and suggest that CTC can alter mitochondrial energy metabolism during transmembrane Ca2+ cycling.
Enantioselektive Enzymreaktionen in Miniemulsionen als effiziente “Nanoreaktoren” (2006)

Ein guter Tropfen: Miniemulsionen sind homogene Mischungen, die die organische Phase fein verteilt in Form nanoskaliger Tröpfchen enthalten. Diese Miniemulsionen fungieren als effiziente „Nanoreaktoren“, in denen enantioselektive Enzymreaktionen bei besonders hohen Substratkonzentrationen durchgeführt werden können. Auf diese Weise wurden α- und β-Aminosäuren mit hohen Umsätzen und bis über 99 % ee hergestellt (siehe Bild).
ChemInform Abstract: BENZYL DERIVATIVES OF 3‐PHENOXYTOLUENE (1981)

Abstract 3‐Phenoxybenzylderivate, die in der Chemie der Pyrethroid‐Insekticide von Bedeutung sind, lassen sich jetzt in guten Ausbeuten darstellen.
Agile harmonic envelope load-pull system enabling reliable and rapid device characterization (2010)

This paper presents a robust heterodyne mode of operation for the envelope load-pull system. Extensive performance evaluation and verification demonstrate the reliable, flexible and accurate nature of the system. The new system was compared with the active open-loop load pull, with the new system standing out as having superior performance in terms of measurement throughput, thereby improving the yield and turn-around in the design of power amplifiers. Finally, measurements on commercially available microwave transistor devices show some of the immediate recognized application areas of the developed system.
Angle-Independent Infrared Filter Assisted by Localized Surface Plasmon Polariton (2008)

A plasmonic infrared (IR) filter was experimentally and theoretically investigated. A localized surface plasmon polariton (LSPP) mode which was angle-independent in almost fully incident angle was observed. Through the use of the LSPP mode, an IR reflection-type notch filter with an ultrahigh immunity for the angular deviation was realized. An angle-independent reflection dip was designed at lambda = 6.2 mum with a full-width at half-maximum of 0.5 mum. The experimental result shows that the position and the line shape of the resonant dip at lambda = 6.2 mum remain the same for an increasing incident angle from 20deg to 60deg. The optical properties can be engineered by tuning thickness of the cavity layer. The proposed notch filter presents a large angular tolerance means that the superior angular stability makes it more feasible as it is put into practical applications.
Immunoarchitectural Patterns in Follicular Lymphoma: Efficacy of HGAL and LMO2 in the Detection of the Interfollicular and Diffuse Components (2010)

Follicular lymphoma (FL) can exhibit variant histologic patterns that can lead to confusion with other B-cell lymphomas and reactive conditions. Diagnostic markers such as CD10 and BCL2 may be difficult to interpret in variant FL patterns, and are often diminished or absent in the interfollicular and diffuse components. We evaluated 2 recently characterized germinal center B-cell markers, human germinal center associated lymphoma (HGAL), and LIM-only transcription factor 2 (LMO2), in 127 FL patient biopsies (94 nodal, 33 extranodal), and correlated the findings with histologic pattern, cellular composition, grade, and additional immunostains (CD20, CD3, CD21, CD10, BCL2, and BCL6). Architectural patterns included predominantly follicular (75%) and follicular and diffuse components (25%); 10 cases showed marginal zone differentiation and 3 were floral variants. Eighty-nine cases were low grade (38 grade 1; 51 grade 2) and 38 were grade 3 (29 grade 3A and 9 grade 3B). HGAL had the highest overall sensitivity of detecting FL and was superior in detecting the interfollicular and diffuse components compared with BCL2, LMO2, CD10, and BCL6. All 28 cases that lacked CD10, expressed HGAL, and the majority also expressed LMO2. Our results show that HGAL and LMO2 are sensitive markers for FL diagnosis. The addition of HGAL and LMO2 to the immunohistologic panel is beneficial in the work-up of nodal and extranodal B-cell lymphomas and the efficacy of HGAL in detecting the follicular, interfollicular and diffuse components of FL is of particular value in the setting of variant immunoarchitectural patterns.
Hybridization-mediated off-target effects of splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (2019)

Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which bind specific RNA-target sequences and modulate pre-mRNA splicing by sterically blocking the binding of splicing factors to the pre-mRNA, are a promising therapeutic modality to treat a range of genetic diseases. ASOs are typically 15-25 nt long and considered to be highly specific towards their intended target sequence, typically elements that control exon definition and/or splice-site recognition. However, whether or not splice-modulating ASOs also induce hybridization-dependent mis-splicing of unintended targets has not been systematically studied. Here, we tested the in vitro effects of splice-modulating ASOs on 108 potential off-targets predicted on the basis of sequence complementarity, and identified 17 mis-splicing events for one of the ASOs tested. Based on analysis of data from two overlapping ASO sequences, we conclude that off-target effects are difficult to predict, and the choice of ASO chemistry influences the extent of off-target activity. The off-target events caused by the uniformly modified ASOs tested in this study were significantly reduced with mixed-chemistry ASOs of the same sequence. Furthermore, using shorter ASOs, combining two ASOs, and delivering ASOs by free uptake also reduced off-target activity. Finally, ASOs with strategically placed mismatches can be used to reduce unwanted off-target splicing events.
A 0.31V Vmin Cryogenic SRAM in 14 nm FinFET for Quantum Computing (2022)

A fully functional compile-able 4.1Kb 6T SRAM macro in 14nm FinFET technology targeting low-voltage cryogenic operation with a configurable multi-supply boosting capability with VCSmin of 0.23V (room temperature) and 0.31V (6K) is demonstrated.
All-fiber Kerr-based wavelength converter for 1550/1300 nm conversion (2003)

1550/1300 nm conversion is demonstrated using a novel all-fiber Kerr-based converter. The proposed architecture overcomes the classical interferometer limitations. Walk-off compensation is studied and performed. Simulations and experimentation up to 3 Gbit/s are presented.
A Survey on the Envelope Fluctuations of DFT Precoded OFDMA Signals (2008)

Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) preceding is a promising approach for reduction of the envelope fluctuations of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) signals. However, the envelope fluctuations of DFT precoded OFDMA signals strongly depend on the subcarrier allocation used. In this work, the envelope fluctuations of DFT precoded OFDMA signals with different subcarrier allocations are analyzed based on various metrics. The mutual dependency of the metrics is addressed and a set of suitable metrics for the design of appropriate DFT precoded OFDMA solutions for the uplink of future mobile radio systems is proposed. New results for oversampled signals considering pulse shaping and windowing are presented and analyzed.
Selenium-Based Solid-Phase Synthesis of Benzopyrans I: Applications to Combinatorial Synthesis of Natural Products (2000)

A practical new strategy for solid-phase chemistry and combinatorial synthesis has been developed. A collection of resin-bound 2,2-dimethylbenzopyran scaffolds have been constructed employing a novel selenium-based simultaneous cyclization and loading (“cycloloading”) approach (see scheme). Selected scaffolds have been further elaborated to provide small combinatorial libraries of various natural products and designed molecules.
Optical gain and lasing in colloidal quantum dots (2002)

Summary form only given. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) promise the lowest lasing threshold for semiconductor media. Additionally, QDs in the strong confinement regime have an emission wavelength that is a pronounced function of size, adding the advantage of continuous spectral tunability simply by changing the dot radius. Lasing has previously been demonstrated for epitaxially grown III-V QDs. Large lateral dimensions and difficulties in size control limit their spectral tunability using quantum confinement effects. An alternative approach to fabricating QDs is through chemical synthesis which can produce semiconductor nanoparticles (colloidal QDs) with radii from 1 to 6 nm and with size dispersions as small as 5%. Such dots show strong quantum confinement and permit size-controlled spectral tunability over an energy range as wide as 1 eV. The combination of tunable electronic energies and chemical flexibility make colloidal QDs ideal building blocks for the bottom-up assembly of optical device structures, including optical amplifiers and lasers. However, despite more than a decade of effort, lasing in small-size colloidal nanoparticles has not been realized. To determine what hinders lasing action, we performed extensive dynamical studies of radiative and nonradiative processes in CdSe colloidal QDs.
Optical properties of Dy^3+- and Nd^3+-doped KPb_2Cl_5 (2001)

Optical properties including radiative quantum efficiencies, cross-relaxation coefficients, refractive index, energy-gap law parameters, and maximum phonon energy are presented for a new low-phonon-frequency, nonhygroscopic host crystal potassium lead chloride (KPb2Cl5) doped with Dy3+ and Nd3+. Assuming that the total decay rate (W) from each level is composed of radiative (Arad), multiphonon (WMP), and concentration-dependent cross-relaxation (Wc) rates (W=Arad+WMP+Wc), we determined radiative quantum efficiencies (ηrad=Arad/W) from emission data for five samples of various Dy3+ concentrations (N0). These results were compared with values calculated from a Judd–Ofelt analysis of the absorption spectrum. This technique required identification of cross-relaxation pathways. A cross-relaxation coefficient k=1.83×10-37 cm6 s-1 (where Wc=kN02) was measured for the Dy3+ 6H9/2+6F11/2 level. The measured multiphonon decay rates yielded energy-gap law (WMP[ΔE]≈B exp[-βΔE]) parameters B=3.72×109 s-1 and β=1.16×10-2 cm, indicating that laser action should be possible to near 9 µm (ΔE=1100 cm-1) in this laser host at room temperature.
PHASE II TRIAL OF RITUXIMAB PLUS CHLORAMBUCIL FOLLOWED BY A 2‐YEAR SUBCUTANEOUS RITUXIMAB MAINTENANCE IN MALT LYMPHOMA PATIENTS (IELSG38) (2021)

Characteristics at diagnosis and clinical course of primary extranodal follicular lymphoma (EFL) was never extensively described. The International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) coordinated an international multicenter retrospective survey aimed to describe the clinical features at diagnosis and outcome of a population of EFL. A dataset, including 608 pathologically reviewed cases from 19 different countries was analyzed, their outcome was compared to the outcome of a population of nodal follicular lymphomas. Skin (n = 334), gastrointestinal tract (n = 72), 22 of whom with a primary duodenal localization, were the two most frequent presentation sites. These subsets displayed peculiar features at diagnosis and significantly different pattern of survival. After median follow-up of 5.-years, a superior outcome was observed for primary cutaneous lymphomas [10-yr OS:89% (95%CI, 83-93%)] and intermediate outcome for primary gastrointestinal lymphomas [10-yr OS:79% [95%CI, 59-90%)] among whom primary duodenal lymphomas displayed a trend toward the best outcome [10-yr OS:95% (95%CI, 72-99%)]. All the other primary extranodal sites presented an inferior outcome [10-yr OS: 59% (95%CI, 48-68%)]