gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A perceptually relevant shearlet-based adaptation of the PSNR (2017)

Although being one of the simplest and most widely used image quality metrics (IQMs) the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) correlates only poorly with visual quality as perceived by humans. Based on an analysis of the non-linear mapping from PSNR to mean opinion scores (MOS) we identify a functional mapping parameter to adapt the PSNR perceptually meaningful. Neurophysiologically motivated, a shearlet-based correction is proposed for controlling this perceptual PSNR adaption. The performance of the proposed perceptually adapted PSNR is evaluated on the LIVE and TID2013 databases and shows to be superior or comparable to benchmark IQMs.
Plasmid-Mediated Tolerance Toward Environmental Pollutants (2015)

Since the Industrial Revolution, there has been an increasing pace in the production of environmentally hazardous compounds that deliberately or accidentally have reached waters and soils, polluting them. The survival capacity of microorganisms in a contaminated environment is limited by the concentration and/or toxicity of the pollutant. Some contaminants are able to disrupt the normal development of the cell, others induce mutations, and some of these can kill cells at very low concentrations. Through evolutionary processes, some bacteria have developed or acquired mechanisms to cope with the deleterious effects of toxic compounds, permitting normal cellular subsistence in polluted environments—a phenomenon known as tolerance. Common mechanisms of tolerance include the extrusion of contaminants to the outer media and, when concentrations of pollutants are low, the degradation of the toxic compound. For both of these approaches, plasmids play an important role in the evolution and dissemination of the catabolic pathways and efflux pumps.
Optimization and Validation of a Docking-Scoring Protocol; Application to Virtual Screening for COX-2 Inhibitors (2005)

To exploit available structural information about the cyclooxygenase enzyme for the virtual screening of large chemical libraries, a docking-scoring protocol was tuned and validated. The screening accuracy was assessed using a series of known inhibitors and a set of diverse a priori inactive compounds that was seeded with known active ligands. The major parameters of the DOCK algorithm were investigated. A large improvement of the results was obtained on tweaking some of them. The generated complexes were rescored using six scoring functions. In this way, the striking importance of this step was demonstrated, as well as the good performances of DOCK energy and SCORE for this target. The results were further improved via a consensus approach. As a first application, a subset of a large compound library was screened using this protocol. Among the compounds that were selected for biological testing, a third of them turned out to have a significant enzyme inhibition.
Radiation characteristics of slottedoversize patch antennas (1994)

A novel integrated antenna with low loss and medium gain is designed. It is composed of a driven oversize slotted patch, backed by a metallic ground plane. Its radiation occurs from the slots and some of its edges. By a suitable optimisation, an excellent field distribution over the antenna aperture is obtained, that provides high gain and low crosspolarisation at far field.
Correcting Cherenkov light attenuation in tissue using spatial frequency domain imaging for quantitative surface dosimetry during whole breast radiation therapy (2018)

Imaging Cherenkov emission during radiotherapy permits real-time visualization of external beam delivery on superficial tissue. This signal is linear with absorbed dose in homogeneous media, indicating potential for quantitative dosimetry. In humans, the inherent heterogeneity of tissue optical properties (primarily from blood and skin pigment) distorts the linearity between detected Cherenkov signal and absorbed dose. We examine the potential to correct for superficial vasculature using spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) to map tissue optical properties for large fields of view. In phantoms, applying intensity corrections to simulate blood vessels improves Cherenkov image (CI) negative contrast by 24% for a vessel 1.9-mm-in diameter. In human trials, SFDI and CI are acquired for women undergoing whole breast radiotherapy. Applied corrections reduce heterogeneity due to vasculature within the sampling limits of the SFDI from a 22% difference as compared to the treatment plan, down to 6% in one region and from 14% down to 4% in another region. The optimal use for this combined imaging system approach is to correct for small heterogeneities such as superficial blood vessels or for interpatient variations in blood/melanin content such that the corrected CI more closely represents the surface dose delivered.
Ten-Year Update of a Randomized, Prospective Trial of Conventional Fractionated Versus Moderate Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer (2020)

H-IMRT failed to demonstrate superiority compared with C-IMRT in long-term disease outcomes.
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms for Trapping and Activating Emotional Memories (2016)

Recent findings suggest that memory allocation to specific neurons (i.e., neuronal allocation) in the amygdala is not random, but rather the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) modulates this process, perhaps by regulating the transcription of channels that control neuronal excitability. Here, optogenetic studies in the mouse lateral amygdala (LA) were used to demonstrate that CREB and neuronal excitability regulate which neurons encode an emotional memory. To test the role of CREB in memory allocation, we overexpressed CREB in the lateral amygdala to recruit the encoding of an auditory-fear conditioning (AFC) memory to a subset of neurons. Then, post-training activation of these neurons with Channelrhodopsin-2 was sufficient to trigger recall of the memory for AFC, suggesting that CREB regulates memory allocation. To test the role of neuronal excitability in memory allocation, we used a step function opsin (SFO) to transiently increase neuronal excitability in a subset of LA neurons during AFC. Post-training activation of these neurons with Volvox Channelrhodopsin-1 was able to trigger recall of that memory. Importantly, our studies show that activation of the SFO did not affect AFC by either increasing anxiety or by strengthening the unconditioned stimulus. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that CREB regulates memory allocation by modulating neuronal excitability.
Oncolytic measles virus prolongs survival in a murine model of cerebral spinal fluid-disseminated medulloblastoma (2012)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Although the survival rate of afflicted children has improved considerably over the past several years, a subset of these patients will present with disseminated disease and face a much bleaker prognosis. In addition, patients may present with disseminated disease at recurrence. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of a recombinant oncolytic measles virus (MV) to treat localized medulloblastoma in a mouse xenograft model. In the present study, we sought to extend our findings to the treatment of disseminated disease. To this end, we developed and characterized a mouse xenograft model of disseminated medulloblastoma using serial bioluminescent imaging techniques in combination with histopathological examination. Mice injected with medulloblastoma cells into their right lateral ventricle showed tumor growth in their ventricles and in both intracranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces, closely recapitulating the human disease. Subsequent intraventricular administration of MV resulted in stabilization and shrinkage of the tumor, significantly prolonging the survival of the treated animals, compared with those treated with an inactivated virus. These data demonstrate that oncolytic MV may be of use in treating disseminated medulloblastoma. In addition, our protocol of intraventricular tumor cell injection, followed by bioluminescent imaging coupled with histopathological examination, provides a model for use in evaluating future recombinant oncolytic viruses and other preclinical therapeutic approaches for disseminated medulloblastoma.
Single Electron Tunneling through a Tailored Arylthio-coronene (2011)

The possibility to control the charge transport properties in molecular scale devices strongly depends upon the nature of the molecule–metal interfaces, causing an intense request to engineer at molecular level the interface properties. Here, we report on single electron tunneling effects observed in a STM-tip/single molecule/substrate device at room temperature using a molecule with a three-dimensional aromatic system. The molecule consists of a coronene core per-substituted with arylthio groups which are tailored in such a way that the aromatic system is efficiently decoupled from the metal substrate, and thus a double-barrier tunnel junction is created by means of a built-in insulating spacer. Comparing ab initio calculations with the experimental observations allows us to identify the specific arrangement of the substituents in the most stable conformer of this molecule. The tailored molecular structure in combination with the identified adsorption geometry controls the electron transport behavior and results in single electron transport features.
Substrate and inhibitor activities of the screw sense isomers of metal-nucleotide complexes in the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase reaction (1986)

Phosphorothioate analogues of ATP and isomers of CrATP and CrADP were used to examine the nucleotide stereoselectivity of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from procaryotic and eucaryotic sources. Substrate activity of the thio-ATP analogues increased as the site of sulfur substitution was changed from the gamma to the alpha position. Thus, adenine nucleotide analogues substituted with sulfur at an alpha nonbridging position (ATP alpha S isomers) were the most active, and ATP gamma S was inactive. When Mg2+ was used as the divalent cation, both enzymes showed a clear preference (higher V/Km value) for the Sp isomer of ATP beta S although the magnitude of the preference was greater with the bacterial enzyme. With Cd2+ as the divalent cation the Rp isomer was preferred, but the difference was greater with the yeast enzyme. Both (Sp)-MgATP beta S and (Rp)-CdATP beta S have the delta or right-hand screw sense configuration of the metal chelate ring. The reversal of stereoselectivity when the cation was changed indicates that the metal ion is coordinated to the beta-phosphate group. No stereoselectivity was observed when ATP alpha S isomers were used in the presence of Mg2+ or Cd2+, suggesting that the metals are not coordinated to the alpha-phosphate. ATP beta S was also found to be a competitive inhibitor of MgATP and CdATP, and the lowest Ki values were obtained with the lambda screw sense isomers. The screw sense isomers of bidentate CrATP exhibited no detectable substrate activity but were competitive inhibitors of MgATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lessons from Our Patients: Development of a Warm Autopsy Program (2006)

Kaminski and colleagues discuss the lessons they have learned in establishing a warm autopsy program to advance research on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Urine chemokine levels correlate with treatment response to phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in prostatitis (2017)

Urine chemokine levels correlate with treatment response to phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in prostatitis
Solution-Phase Synthesis of Heteroatom-Substituted Carbon Scaffolds for Hydrogen Storage (2010)

This paper reports a bottom-up solution-phase process for the preparation of pristine and heteroatom (boron, phosphorus, or nitrogen)-substituted carbon scaffolds that show good surface areas and enhanced hydrogen adsorption capacities and binding energies. The synthesis method involves heating chlorine-containing small organic molecules with metallic sodium at reflux in high-boiling solvents. For heteroatom incorporation, heteroatomic electrophiles are added to the reaction mixture. Under the reaction conditions, micrometer-sized graphitic sheets assembled by 3-5 nm-sized domains of graphene nanoflakes are formed, and when they are heteroatom-substituted, the heteroatoms are uniformly distributed. The substituted carbon scaffolds enriched with heteroatoms (boron ∼7.3%, phosphorus ∼8.1%, and nitrogen ∼28.1%) had surface areas as high as 900 m(2) g(-1) and enhanced reversible hydrogen physisorption capacities relative to pristine carbon scaffolds or common carbonaceous materials. In addition, the binding energies of the substituted carbon scaffolds, as measured by adsorption isotherms, were 8.6, 8.3, and 5.6 kJ mol(-1) for the boron-, phosphorus-, and nitrogen-enriched carbon scaffolds, respectively.
Power plant performance monitoring and improvement: Volume 4, Boiler optimization: Interim report (1987)

The boiler portion of EPRI project RP1681/2153 is concerned with the development of measurement methods and instrumentation and analysis techniques for pulverized coal power plants, for monitoring the performance of a unit and for determining its optimum fireside operating conditions. Three of the physical parameters of interest in this investigation are level of excess air, size distribution of the coal, and stack gas temperature. A computer code has been developed to compute the effects of fireside parameters on power plant performance and field tests are being carried out at the Potomac Electric Power Company's Morgantown Station, where the effects of coal grind size and level of excess air on parameters such as unit heat rate, carbon heat loss, stack loss and boiler efficiency are being measured. A new technique for the direct measurement of unit heat rate, referred to as the output/loss method, is under development and measurements are being made at the regenerative air preheater to determine the effects on acid deposition of operating at reduced levels of O/sub 2/. An improved procedure for ultrasonic measurement of waterwall tube thickness has been developed and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effects of O/sub 2/ level and particlemore » size on the reactions which pyrite undergoes in the furnace. This progress report describes the results of the project for the two year period ending in January, 1986.« less
Effect of surface modification by self-assembled monolayer on the ZnO film ultraviolet sensor (2013)

A simple surface modification process to reduce the negative influences of oxygen vacancies/surface contamination and promote the performance of ZnO ultraviolet (UV) sensor is reported. ZnO film was self-assembled by 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) molecules for passivating its surface defects. APTMS molecules are hydrolyzed at the methoxy end, and then condensed with the substrate hydroxyl groups to produce siloxanes. Compared with the conventional ZnO UV sensor, in which the reproducibility and homogeneity of device performance strongly suffer from a difficulty in controlling the ZnO surface state conditions, the APTMS molecules leads to a reduction of the dark leakage current by more than 2 orders of magnitude.
Dynamical string tension in string theory with spacetime Weyl invariance (2014)

Abstract The fundamental string length, which is an essential part of string theory, explicitly breaks scale invariance. However, in field theory we demonstrated recently that the gravitational constant, which is directly related to the string length, can be promoted to a dynamical field if the standard model coupled to gravity (SM+GR) is lifted to a locally scale (Weyl) invariant theory. The higher gauge symmetry reveals previously unknown field patches whose inclusion turn the classically conformally invariant SM+GR into a geodesically complete theory with new cosmological and possibly further physical consequences. In this paper this concept is extended to string theory by showing how it can be “Weyl lifted” with a local scale symmetry acting on target space background fields. In this process the string tension (fundamental string length) is promoted to a dynamical field, in agreement with the parallel developments in field theory. We then propose a string theory in a geodesically complete cosmological stringy background which suggests previously unimagined directions in the stringy exploration of the very early universe.
Fiber Bragg Gratings in Air-Hole Microstructured Fibers for High-Temperature Pressure Sensing (2012)

We report two types of high temperature fiber Bragg gratings fabricated in air-hole microstructured fibers using femtosecond laser direct writing and thermal regeneration. The gratings are tested for pressure sensing at temperature up to 800°C.
Understanding Categorical Similarity Measures for Outlier Detection (2008)

Categorical attributes are present is many data sets that are analyzed using KDD techniques. A recent empirical study of 14 different data driven categorical similarity measures in the context of outlier detection showed that these measures have widely different performances when applied to several different publicly available data sets. As a next step in understanding the relation between the performance of a similarity measure and the nature of the data, we present an analysis framework to help give insights as to which similarity measure is better suited for what type of data. In this paper we present a framework for modeling categorical data sets with a desired set of characteristics. We also propose a set of separability statistics for a categorical data set that can be used to understand the performance of a similarity measure for outlier detection. In addition, we present three techniques to estimate the proposed separability statistics from a given categorical data set. We experimentally evaluate the different similarity measures in the context of outlier detection, and show how the performance of a similarity measure is related to the various data characteristics.
Detached-eddy simulation of turbulent flow over a wiper blade (2008)

Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
Mechanical measurements of single actomyosin motor force. (1995)

To elucidate the mechanism of force generation by actomyosin motor, a measuring system was constructed, in which an in vitro motility assay was combined with an optical trapping technique. An actin filament of several micron long was attached to a gelsolin-coated polystyrene bead, and was allowed to interact with a small number (approximately 1/1 micron actin filament) of rabbit skeletal heavy meromyosin (an active subfragment of myosin) molecules bound to a nitrocellulose-coated coverglass. The bead position was determined at 33-ms intervals. We measured the force generation event at relatively low (100-400 nM) ATP concentration so that the occurrence of individual force generation events could be detected with our time resolution. The actin-bound bead held in the optical trap moved in a stepwise manner in the direction of the actin filament only in the presence of ATP. At the trap strength of 0.3 pN/nm, the maximum size of the step was 11 nm, and the maximum force associated with the movement was 3.3 pN.
Out-of-context fine-grained multi-word entity classification (2019)

In this paper, we present a number of experiments on the construction of fine-grained and out-of-context multi-word entity classification models. These models exploit a large BabelNet-derived multilingual Named Entity corpus of 49 languages from 7 different scripts, which is also presented in this work. In particular, we compare SVM-based character and token n-gram models with neural network-based ones and also explore language-specific variants against multilingual models. The various models have been evaluated on additional external Named Entity resources to gain further insight into the quality and re-usability of the trained models.
Novel Passivation Method in the Fabrication of Submicron InGaAsP/InP Ridge Waveguide Lasers (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Metabolic changes in quinolinic acid‐lesioned rat striatum detected non‐invasively by in vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy (2001)

Intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA) provides an animal model of Huntington disease. In vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to measure the neurochemical profile non-invasively in seven animals 5 days after unilateral injection of 150 nmol of QA. Concentration changes of 16 metabolites were measured from 22 microl volume at 9.4 T. The increase of glutamine ((+25 +/- 14)%, mean +/- SD, n = 7) and decrease of glutamate (-12 +/- 5)%, N-acetylaspartate (-17 +/- 6)%, taurine (-14 +/- 6)% and total creatine (-9 +/- 3%) were discernible in each individual animal (P < 0.005, paired t-test). Metabolite concentrations in control striata were in excellent agreement with biochemical literature. The change in glutamate plus glutamine was not significant, implying a shift in the glutamate-glutamine interconversion, consistent with a metabolic defect at the level of neuronal-glial metabolic trafficking. The most significant indicator of the lesion, however, were the changes in glutathione ((-19 +/- 9)%, P < 0.002)), consistent with oxidative stress. From a comparison with biochemical literature we conclude that high-resolution in vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy accurately reflects the neurochemical changes induced by a relatively modest dose of QA, which permits one to longitudinally follow mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and glial-neuronal metabolic trafficking as well as the effects of treatment in this model of Huntington disease.
Acquiring scattering properties of participating media by dilution (2006)

The visual world around us displays a rich set of volumetric effects due to participating media. The appearance of these media is governed by several physical properties such as particle densities, shapes and sizes, which must be input (directly or indirectly) to a rendering algorithm to generate realistic images. While there has been significant progress in developing rendering techniques (for instance, volumetric Monte Carlo methods and analytic approximations), there are very few methods that measure or estimate these properties for media that are of relevance to computer graphics. In this paper, we present a simple device and technique for robustly estimating the properties of a broad class of participating media that can be either (a) diluted in water such as juices, beverages, paints and cleaning supplies, or (b) dissolved in water such as powders and sugar/salt crystals, or (c) suspended in water such as impurities. The key idea is to dilute the concentrations of the media so that single scattering effects dominate and multiple scattering becomes negligible, leading to a simple and robust estimation algorithm. Furthermore, unlike previous approaches that require complicated or separate measurement setups for different types or properties of media, our method and setup can be used to measure media with a complete range of absorption and scattering properties from a single HDR photograph. Once the parameters of the diluted medium are estimated, a volumetric Monte Carlo technique may be used to create renderings of any medium concentration and with multiple scattering. We have measured the scattering parameters of forty commonly found materials, that can be immediately used by the computer graphics community. We can also create realistic images of combinations or mixtures of the original measured materials, thus giving the user a wide flexibility in making realistic images of participating media.