gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First demonstration of III-V HBTs on 300 mm Si substrates using nano-ridge engineering (2019)

In this paper, we demonstrate GaAs/InGaP HBTs grown on a 300 mm Si substrate. A DC current gain of ~112 and breakdown voltage, BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CBO</sub> , of 10 V is achieved. The emitter-base and base-collector diodes show an ideality factor of ~1.2 and ~1.4, respectively. This demonstration shows the potential for enabling a hybrid III-V CMOS/ technology for 5G and mm-wave applications, not limited to GaAs but which can also be extended to InGaAs on a 300 mm Si substrate.
Adaptive Modulation and Coding for Hybrid Cooperative Networks (2007)

This paper deals with throughput oriented adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) techniques combined with cooperative protocols where terminals are constrained by half-duplex assumption and average total network power. We propose a novel hybrid cooperation protocol that switches from cooperative to non-cooperative transmission based on the momentary direct source-destination link quality. Then, we propose an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hybrid</i> cooperative <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AMC</i> mechanism, which combines AMC with hybrid cooperation. Simulation results show that our proposal improves the average system performance and reduces the average cooperation signaling cost.
E2F-1 as an anticancer drug target (2011)

Mounting evidence indicates that the E2F transcription factors play an essential role in all aspects of cellular functions. Many human malignancies have been shown to overexpress one or more of the ‘‘activating’’ E2Fs. In some circumstances, down regulation as well as overexpression of E2F-1, leads to inhibition of cell growth. The emphasis in this review is placed on new data implicating microRNAs in the regulation of E2F activity and the efforts thus far to target this activity in order to cause tumor regression.
Characterization of Intrapelvic Pressure During Ureteropyeloscopy With Ureteral Access Sheaths (2004)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy1 Nov 2004Characterization of Intrapelvic Pressure During Ureteropyeloscopy With Ureteral Access Sheaths Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)60972-XAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Characterization of Intrapelvic Pressure During Ureteropyeloscopy With Ureteral Access Sheaths." The Journal of Urology, 172(5), pp. 2103–2104 © 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 172Issue 5November 2004Page: 2103-2104 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Superconducting Single-Photon Counting Pixels (2023)

We present single-photon counting pixels realized by the monolithic integration of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors with Josephson electronics. These pixels are scalable to large-format sensor arrays and are compatible with CMOS array readout architecture.
Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) Dispersions Containing Pluronics: from Particle Preparation to Temperature-Triggered Aggregation (2008)

In this work the preparation mechanism, properties and temperature-triggered aggregation of poly(D, L-lactide- co-glycolide) (PLGA) dispersions are investigated. The dispersions were prepared by interfacial deposition in aqueous solution containing Pluronic L62 (EO(6)PO(30)EO(6)) or F127NF (EO(101)PO(56)EO(101)), where EO and PO are ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, respectively. PLGA dispersions were also prepared in the absence of added Pluronic for comparison. The PLGA particles were characterized using SEM, photon correlation spectroscopy and electrophoretic mobility measurements. It was found that the hydrodynamic diameter (d) increased with PLGA concentration used in the organic solvent phase ( C PLGA(o) ). The value for d was proportional to C(PLGA)(o) (1/3). The value for d increased upon addition of 0.04 M NaNO(3) which demonstrated the importance of electrostatic interactions during particle formation. Electrophoretic mobility measurements were conducted as a function of pH and the data used to estimate the Pluronic layer thicknesses on the PLGA particles. The layer thickness was greatest for the PLGA particles prepared in the presence of Pluronic F127NF. PLGA dispersions containing Pluronic L62 exhibited temperature-triggered aggregation in the presence of 0.15 M NaNO(3). It was found that the critical temperature for dispersion aggregation (T(crit)) was comparable to the cloud point temperature ( T(cp)) for the parent Pluronic L62 solution. Conditions were established for achieving temperature-triggered aggregation at body temperature for PLGA particle/Pluronic L62 dispersions under physiological ionic strength and pH conditions. The PLGA/Pluronic L62 mixtures studied may have potential for use as injectable biodegradable implants for controlled release applications.
A Psychophysical Approach to Image Quality (1985)

Whether an image is produced on a CRT display, a printer, or a photographic plate, that image can be described as a two-dimensional modulation of luminance and color across space. A psychophysical approach to image quality is one which considers the detectability and discriminability of these images in terms of the spatial, temporal, and color-sensitive mechanisms of perception. The aim is to develop a technology-independent method for characterizing and predicting image quality.
Design principles for efficient singlet fission in anthracene-based organic semiconductors (2019)

Singlet fission (SF) in two or more electronically coupled organic chromophores converts a high-energy singlet exciton into two low-energy triplet excitons, which can be used to increase solar cell efficiency. Many known SF chromophores are unsuitable for device applications due to chemical instability and low triplet state energies. This work summarizes structurally dependent SF dynamics for 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) and its derivatives in the solid-state using time-resolved optical spectroscopies, and electronic structure calculations. By modulating the packing structure in thin films, we can effectively tune electronic energy and coupling. The systematic study in BPEA organic semiconductors shows that maximizing the thermodynamic driving force can achieve the highest SF rate and efficiency.
Propagation of Regular HCl Acids in Carbonate Rocks: The Impact of an In-Situ Gelled Acid Stage (2010)

In-situ gelled acids based on polymer have been used in the field for several years, and were used in the field in stages between the regular acids. Literature survey reveals that certain plugging effects within highly permeable layers may occur and result in the diversion of the injected acid into less permeable zones. Recent studies indicated that sometimes diversion was not achieved with a severe damage that can lead to loss the whole well. There is no agreement on when this system can be successfully applied in the field.Single-stage and multi stage-stages acid test of well performance were conducted using Indiana limestone cores (1.5 in. diameter & 20 in. long) at 250°F. 15 wt% regular HCl and 5 wt% in-situ gelled acid based on Fe(III) as a crosslinker were the acid that used in this study. Propagation of the acid, polymer, and cross-linker inside the long cores was examined for the first time in detail. Stage volume and injection rate, that were the parameters that affect on the propagating of various chemical species, were examined in details. Samples of the core effluent were collected and the concentrations of calcium, cross-linker, and acid were measured. Material balance was conducted to determine the amounts of polymer, and cross-liker that retained in the core.Experimental results show that In-situ gelled acid should be pumped at low shear rates. In-situ gelled acid at low shear rate conditions instantaneously plugged the tip of the wormhole and didn't create additional wormhole inside the core. Therefore, when the final regular acid stage bypassed the gel, it started to propagate from nearly the last point that the first stage ended. This is to endure proper acid diversion. In-site gelled acid stage volume should not exceed 0.5 PV. No benefits were gained by increasing the volume of in-situ gelled acids. Retention of total iron in the core increased in multi stage acid treatments, especially at low injection rates.
Glucose production during an IVGTT by deconvolution: validation with the tracer-to-tracee clamp technique (1999)

Recently, a new method, based on a two-compartment minimal model and deconvolution [A. Caumo and C. Cobelli. Am. J. Physiol 264 (Endocrinol. Metab. 37): E829-E841, 1993; P. Vicini, G. Sparacino, A. Caumo, and C. Cobelli. Comput. Meth. Prog. Biomed. 52: 147-156, 1997], has been proposed to estimate endogenous glucose production (EGP) from labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) data. Our aim here is to compare this EGP profile with that independently obtained with the reference method, based on the tracer-to-tracee ratio (TTR) clamp. An insulin-modified (0.03 U/kg body wt infused over 5 min) [6,6-2H2]glucose-labeled IVGTT (0.33 g/kg of glucose) was performed in 10 normal subjects. A second tracer ([U-13C]glucose) was also infused during the test in a variable fashion to clamp endogenous glucose TTR. The TTR clamp was quite successful. As a result, the EGP profile, reconstructed from [U-13C]glucose data with the models of Steele and Radziuk, were almost superimposable. The deconvolution-obtained EGP profile, calculated from [6,6-2H2]glucose data, showed remarkable agreement with that obtained from the TTR clamp. Some differences between the two profiles were noted in the estimated basal EGP and in the initial modalities of EGP inhibition. A high interindividual variability was also observed with both methods in the resumption of EGP to baseline; variability was high in both the timing and the extent of resumption. In conclusion, the use of the two-compartment minimal model of the IVGTT and deconvolution allows the estimation of a profile of EGP that is in very good agreement with that independently obtained with a TTR clamp.
Leveraging Collaborative Technologies in the IO Requirements Process (2008)

The process of clearly defining a strategic roadmap that anticipates and sets industry directions depends on requirements input from a diverse set of folks and disciplines. The input spans several key factors: customer, market and application workloads and requirements; basic and derivative technology trends; competitor directions; business model innovations; applicable new and substitute technologies; riskanalysis; and the team’s capabilities. To perform this level of analysis requires dynamic collaboration by a diverse group of thought leaders, as well as input from the wider community that will share the responsibility for carrying out the mission from start through release and into field support. When the influx of feedback and ideas is not limited or restricted, more perspectives and backgrounds can be leveraged to make the more comprehensive predictions and fine tuning that are required of a cohesive strategic roadmap. In many cases this type of process will not lead to consensus, in which case the thought leader(s) must weigh the factors and make a decision. This paper will provide an overview of the teams involved in creating IBM’s Systems IO and DataCenter Networking (DCN) technologies and products. It will describe the roles each team plays in turning requirements into products. A key part of this processis the IO Technical Community (IOTC), which provides a collaboration medium that spans all ofthese teams. It will also describe the technologies and methods used by these teams. It ends with a summary of the keys to leveraging an active technical community in turning requirements into products.
A nonuniform DPLL architecture for optimized performance (2013)

Abstract This paper presents the design, analysis, simulation, and implementation of the architecture of a new nonuniform‐type digital phase‐locked loop (DPLL). The proposed loop uses a composite phase detector (CPD), which consists of a sample‐and‐hold unit and an arctan block. The CPD improves the system linearity and results in a wider lock range. In addition, the loop has an adaptive controller block, which can be used to minimize the overall system sensitivity to variations in the power of the input signal. Furthermore, the controller has a tuning mechanism that gives the designer the flexibility to customize the loop parameters to suit a particular application. These performance parameters include lock range, acquisition time, phase noise or jitter, and signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement. The simulation results show that the proposed loop provides flexibility to optimize the major conflicting system parameters. A prototype of the proposed system was implemented using a field‐programmable gate array (FPGA), and the practical results concur with those obtained by simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Bifunctional activity of tangeretin (5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone) in suppression of cell growth and gene expression of the superoxide-generating system-related proteins in U937 cells (2022)

Polymethoxyflavones in which all hydroxyl groups are capped by methyl residues show high membrane permeability, metabolic resistance, and diverse biological activities such as cell growth inhibitory effects responsible for their anti-cancer activities. They are expected to be as biotherapeutic drugs for maintaining human health via contributing prevention and treatment of serious illnesses such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, lipid metabolism disorders, and so on. Human monoblastic leukemia U937 cell line has been used as an excellent in vitro cell model system for studying macrophage differentiation induced by various cell differentiation inducers such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In this study, we investigated the influences of two typical polymethoxyflavones, such as nobiletin and tangeretin, on the ATRA-induced superoxide anion (O2-)-generating ability of U937 cells. Nobiletin and tangeretin suppressed cell proliferation of U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 10 μM, tangeretin drastically brought about down-regulation of the ATRA-induced O2--generating ability (to ~15% of ATRA-treated cells) although nobiletin showed moderate inhibitory effects on the ATRA-induced O2--generating ability (to ~65% of ATRA-treated cells). Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed that tangeretin down-regulates the ATRA-induced O2--generating ability via suppressing gene exprerssion levels of gp91-phox (mRNA: to ~75%, protein: to ~70% of ATRA-treated cells) and p47-phox (mRNA: to ~75%, protein: to ~40% of ATRA-treated cells) genes. These findings demonstrated that tangeretin shows not only the inhibitory effects on cell growth but also the strong suppressing effects on the ATRA-induced O2--generating ability of U937 cells.
Astro2020 APC White Paper: The need for better tools to design future CMB experiments (2019)

This white paper addresses key challenges for the design of next-decade Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments, and for assessing their capability to extract cosmological information from CMB polarization. We focus here on the challenges posed by foreground emission, CMB lensing, and instrumental systematics to detect the signal that arises from gravitational waves sourced by inflation and parameterized by $r$, at the level of $r \sim 10^{-3}$ or lower, as proposed for future observational efforts. We argue that more accurate and robust analysis and simulation tools are required for these experiments to realize their promise. We are optimistic that the capability to simulate the joint impact of foregrounds, CMB lensing, and systematics can be developed to the level necessary to support the design of a space mission at $r \sim 10^{-4}$ in a few years. We make the case here for supporting such work. Although ground-based efforts present additional challenges (e.g., atmosphere, ground pickup), which are not addressed here, they would also benefit from these improved simulation capabilities.
Direct class I HLA antigen discovery to distinguish virus-infected and cancerous cells (2006)

Class I human leukocyte antigen molecules are nature's proteome-scanning chips, presenting thousands of endogenously loaded peptides on the surface of virtually every cell in the body. Cytotoxic T cells survey the class I human leukocyte antigen peptide cargo presented, recognize peptides unique to unhealthy cells and destroy diseased cells. A precise understanding of how class I molecules distinguish diseased cells is positioned to drive immune-based diagnostics, therapies and vaccines. When identifying epitopes unique to unhealthy cells, the most experimentally direct approach is to examine the class I-presented peptides of infected/cancerous cells. Here we discuss the strategies adapted for protein production, protein/peptide purification, peptide separation and for maintaining experimental reproducibility during the direct characterization of class I human leukocyte antigen peptides.
Coherence-matched microfocusing of hard x rays (2005)

An efficient, high-resolution microfocusing device for hard x rays is presented. A combination of two linear zone plates mounted with orthogonal orientation is used to provide two-dimensional focusing. Choosing appropriate lens parameters, the device can be matched to the quasielliptical shape of most synchrotron x-ray sources to obtain a symmetric, circular-shaped focal spot. A rectangular device aperture allows the maximization of the light-collecting area and to simultaneously achieve a highly coherent illumination of the device. Such a setup was tested at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and test gratings with minimal line widths of 140 nm could be resolved. The gain in flux density was found to be 105 for 12.7 keV photons.
Steps toward broad-spectrum therapeutics: discovering virulence-associated genes present in diverse human pathogens (2009)

This work demonstrates a strategy for the identification of potential virulence factors that are conserved across a number of human pathogenic bacterial species, confirming the usefulness of this tool.
Intramolecular Photocycloaddition of Dioxenones with Alkynes:  Formation of Secondary Photoproducts from Cyclobutene Photoadducts (2004)

[Reaction: see text] Intramolecular photocycloaddition of 4 leads to the formation of cyclobutene photoadduct 5. Secondary photoreaction of 5 then affords either cyclobutane 19 or the bridged product 7, as a function of R (H or TMS).
Mechanical Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyloxazoline) Polymersomes Probed by Atomic Force Microscopy (2012)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyloxazoline) (PDMS-b-PMOXA) vesicles were characterized by a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and atomic force microscopy imaging and force spectroscopy (AFM). From DLS data, a hydrodynamic radius of ~150 nm was determined, and cryo-TEM micrographs revealed a bilayer thickness of ~16 nm. In AFM experiments on a silicon wafer substrate, adsorption led to a stable spherical caplike conformation of the polymersomes, whereas on mica, adsorption resulted also in vesicle fusion and formation of bilayer patches or multilayer stacks. This indicates a delicate balance between the mechanical stability of PDMS-b-PMOXA polymersomes on one hand and the driving forces for spreading on the other. A Young's modulus of 17 ± 11 MPa and a bending modulus of 7 ± 5 × 10(-18) J were derived from AFM force spectroscopy measurements. Therefore, the elastic response of the PDMS-b-PMOXA polymersomes to external stimuli is much closer to that of lipid vesicles compared to other types of polymersomes, such as polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA).
GaN-based high-power-density electrolytic-free universal input LED driver (2017)

This paper presents a high-power-density high-power-factor GaN-based two-stage electrolytic-free offline LED driver. The LED driver achieves high power density through the use of a hybrid film-ceramic stacked switched capacitor (SSC) energy buffer, and a comprehensive optimization methodology that evaluates various converter topologies and designs, and minimizes overall system volume while maintaining high efficiency. Based on this optimization approach, a totem-pole bridgeless boost PFC converter is selected for the first stage, while a stacked-input isolated LLC converter is selected for the second stage. The optimization procedure also minimizes the passive volume of the SSC energy buffer incorporating the volumetric energy density of commercially available capacitors. The optimized SSC energy buffer utilized in the proposed LED driver has 50% less passive volume than a capacitor-only solution. A 600-W prototype LED driver designed using the proposed approach for universal input voltage (90-305 Vrms) and 24 V output voltage is built and tested. The PFC stage achieves a peak efficiency of 98% while the LLC stage achieves a peak efficiency of 95%. The prototyped LED driver achieves a power density of 28 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Pressure- and Temperature-dependent Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy of Hydroquinone and Its Clathrates (2019)

We study the low-energy dynamics of hydroquinone and its clathrates under pressure using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Transitions between different phases are observed. The absorption peaks are assigned to lattice vibrational modes using quantum-mechanical simulations.
Poly(2-diphenylamino-1,4-phenylenevinylene): Its preparation via chemical vapor deposition polymerization (2006)

2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)triphenylamine 1 was prepared and polymerized via the Gilch reaction to give poly(2-diphenylamino-1,4-phenylenevinylene) 2G as a solvent-soluble F-conjugated polymer. 1 was also polymerized via the chemical vapor deposition to yield the precursor polymer of 2C, which was heated under vacuum to yield a yellow or brown thin film of 2C on substrates such as glass and a silicon wafer. Spectroscopies of the film supported the formation of the poly (2-diphenylamino-1,4-phenylenevinylene) 2C. The arylamine moiety of the 2C film worked as a functional group like a redox site.
Schottky Barrier Diodes in 90nm SiGe BiCMOS process operating near 2.0 THz cut-off frequency (2013)

High performance Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) with cut-off frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) ~2.0 THz integrated into a 90nm SiGe BiCMOS technology for millimeter wave (mm-wave) applications are presented in this paper. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> for a SBD in a BiCMOS technology. The SBDs reported here have low reverse bias leakage with breakdown voltage of ~5V, and have been integrated in the base technology without the addition of any extra processing step. The affects of variation of critical process and device parameters - undoped silicon layer (n-epi) thickness, thermal cycle associated with deep-trench formation, cathode reach-through width, and anode area on device performance have also been investigated and are presented here.