gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Nanobubbles (2019)

Lipid-shelled magnetic bubbles are widely researched for potential applications as multi-functional contrast agents for ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging and for drug delivery applications. In this study, we prepared nano-sized magnetic bubbles using a magnetic lipid solution created by first forming a homogeneous phospholipid solution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing glycerol and propylene glycol and followed by adding superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm. Bubbles were generated by mechanical agitation using a dental amalgamator, and magnetic nanobubbles were isolated by centrifugation at 50 g for 5 min. Prepared magnetic nanobubbles had a mean diameter of 308 ± 105 nm and a concentration of (1.68 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> bubbles/mL), as determined by resonant mass measurement. Stability of the magnetic nanobubbles over time was evaluated by measuring the acoustic signal decay. Magnetic nanobubbles showed a 27% and 83% signal decay after 1 and 2 h at room temperature, respectively. The response of the magnetic nanobubbles to a magnetic field was examined by measuring T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> relaxation times at different bubble/iron concentrations. Magnetic nanobubbles showed an r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> relaxivity of 144.6 mM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . This study demonstrates feasibility of preparing magnetic nanobubbles using a simple self-assembly process. The constructs could be more effective in multimodality molecular imaging and extravascular drug delivery compared to magnetic microbubbles, due to their sub-micron size.
Electrochemical Doping of Poly(p-Phenylene Vinylene) Thin Films (1995)

Abstract The electrochemical properties of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) films, prepared via a water-soluble precursor, were investigated using chronocoulometry. The charging concentrations of 0.2-μm thick PPV films leveled off within 500–600 seconds and was on the order of 1.0 charge per repeat unit when the magnitude of the potential steps from an initial potential of 0.0 V was 0.16 to 0.20 V beyond the anodic oxidative peak potential (E p). This indicates that PPV can be fully doped and may be a promising material for charge storage. The early stages of redox doping were studied, and the transfer coefficient (α) was estimated to be 0.4–0.9, which increased with an increase in the magnitude of the potential steps beyond E p.
Monocular Reconstruction of Neural Face Reflectance Fields (2020)

The reflectance field of a face describes the reflectance properties responsible for complex lighting effects including diffuse, specular, inter-reflection and self shadowing. Most existing methods for estimating the face reflectance from a monocular image assume faces to be diffuse with very few approaches adding a specular component. This still leaves out important perceptual aspects of reflectance as higher-order global illumination effects and self-shadowing are not modeled. We present a new neural representation for face reflectance where we can estimate all components of the reflectance responsible for the final appearance from a single monocular image. Instead of modeling each component of the reflectance separately using parametric models, our neural representation allows us to generate a basis set of faces in a geometric deformation-invariant space, parameterized by the input light direction, viewpoint and face geometry. We learn to reconstruct this reflectance field of a face just from a monocular image, which can be used to render the face from any viewpoint in any light condition. Our method is trained on a light-stage training dataset, which captures 300 people illuminated with 150 light conditions from 8 viewpoints. We show that our method outperforms existing monocular reflectance reconstruction methods, in terms of photorealism due to better capturing of physical premitives, such as sub-surface scattering, specularities, self-shadows and other higher-order effects.
Instabilities in Parallel Channel of Forced-Convection Boiling Upflow System, (III) (1979)

The instabilities observed in a parallel-channel system carrying boiling fluid in forced upward flow have been studied theoretically and experimentally, using water as test fluid. The system, where the thermo-hydraulic flow conditions in two channels are different from each other, is studied theoretically and experimentally, in order to make clear the effects of the different conditions on the flow instabilities. The different conditions between parallel channels are made artificially by changing the entrance throttlings, the heater lengthes and the heat fluxes. Consequently, the instability in the system where the own characteristic frequencies are approximately equal in two channels almost agree with the one obtained under the uniform condition equivalent to the average operating condition in two channels, such as the different entrance throttlings and the different heater lengthes. On the other hand, the system, where the characteristic frequencies differ from two channels, becomes more stable with increasing the difference of flow condition, such as the different heat fluxes.
Asynchronous Stochastic Decoding of LDPC Codes: Algorithm and Simulation Model (2014)

Stochastic decoding provides ultra-low-complexity hardware for high-throughput parallel low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoders. Asynchronous stochastic decoding was proposed to demonstrate the possibility of low power dissipation and high throughput in stochastic decoders, but decoding might stop before convergence due to “lock-up”, causing error floors that also occur in synchronous stochastic decoding. In this paper, we introduce a wire-delay dependent (WDD) scheduling algorithm for asynchronous stochastic decoding in order to reduce the error floors. Instead of assigning the same delay to all computation nodes in the previous work, different computation delay is assigned to each computation node depending on its wire length. The variation of update timing increases switching activities to decrease the possibility of the “lock-up”, lowering the error floors. In addition, the WDD scheduling algorithm is simplified for the hardware implementation in order to eliminate time-averaging and multiplication functions used in the original WDD scheduling algorithm. BER performance using a regular (1024, 512) (3,6) LDPC code is simulated based on our timing model that has computation and wire delay estimated under ASPLA 90nm CMOS technology. It is demonstrated that the proposed asynchronous decoder achieves a 6.4-9.8× smaller latency than that of the synchronous decoder with a 0.25-0.3 dB coding gain.
Supplementary Table 1 tracked changes from Intratumoral Comparison of Nanoparticle Entrapped Docetaxel (CPC634) with Conventional Docetaxel in Patients with Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1 tracked changes&lt;/p&gt;
Anti-Fibrotic Potential of All Trans Retinoic Acid in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2018)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) embraces Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and the less common indeterminate colitis, all chronic inflammatory processes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Structures of NS5 Methyltransferase from Zika Virus (2016)

The Zika virus (ZIKV) poses a major public health emergency. To aid in the development of antivirals, we present two high-resolution crystal structures of the ZIKV NS5 methyltransferase: one bound to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and the other bound to SAM and 7-methyl guanosine diphosphate (7-MeGpp). We identify features of ZIKV NS5 methyltransferase that lend to structure-based antiviral drug discovery. Specifically, SAM analogs with functionalities on the Cβ atom of the methionine portion of the molecules that occupy the RNA binding tunnel may provide better specificity relative to human RNA methyltransferases.
Mechanism of Homophilic Binding Mediated by Ninjurin, a Novel Widely Expressed Adhesion Molecule (1997)

Ninjurin is a novel protein that is up-regulated after nerve injury both in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and in Schwann cells. We previously reported that ninjurin demonstrates properties of a homophilic adhesion molecule and promotes neurite outgrowth from primary cultured DRG neurons. We have now found that ninjurin is widely expressed in both adult and embryonic tissues, primarily in those of epithelial origin. Aggregation assays were used to demonstrate that ninjurin-mediated adhesion requires divalent cations and is an energy-dependent process. The critical domain for ninjurin-mediated homophilic adhesion was localized to an 11-residue region (between Pro26 and Asn37) by mutagenesis and by employing synthetic oligopeptides as competitive inhibitors of ninjurin-mediated adhesion. Of particular importance are the Trp residue at position 29 and the 3 arginines in the region. Furthermore, we show that the peptide which inhibits aggregation of Jurkat cells expressing ninjurin is also capable of blocking the ability of ninjurin to promote neurite extension from DRG neurons. Using FISH analysis, the ninjurin gene was localized to human chromosome 9q22. Several genetic diseases of unknown etiology have been mapped to this region, including hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1, self-healing squamous epithelioma, split-hand/foot deformity type 1, and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.
Needle-free interstitial fluid acquisition using a lorentz-force actuated jet injector (2013)

The feasibility of a new method of quickly acquiring interstitial fluid (ISF) samples using a Lorentz-force actuated needle-free jet injector is demonstrated on ex vivo porcine tissue. The jet injector is used to first inject a small volume of physiological saline to breach the skin, and the back-drivability of the actuator is utilized to create a vacuum in the ampoule and collect ISF. Injection and extraction parameters are tested and optimized for minimal acquired sample dilution and extracted volume consistency. Using this method, we are able to collect a sample that contains up to 3.5% ISF in 3.1 s.
HMGB1-Directed Drug Discovery Targeting Cutaneous Inflammatory Dysregulation (2010)

Extracellular cytokine function of the non-histone nuclear protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has recently been recognized as an important drug target for novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Accumulating evidence supports the mechanistic involvement of the alarmin HMGB1 in skin response to microbial infection and ultraviolet-induced solar damage. Moreover, HMGB1 modulation of inflammatory signaling and tissue remodeling is now emerging as a causative factor in wound repair, autoimmune dysregulation, and skin carcinogenesis, representing cutaneous pathologies that affect large patient populations with unmet therapeutic needs. Recent structure-based drug discovery efforts have aimed at increasing the number of small molecule- and biologics-based prototype therapeutics targeting HMGB1. Small molecule drugs that may provide therapeutic benefit through HMGB1-directed mechanisms involve HMGB1 inhibitory ligands, Toll-like receptor antagonists, RAGE antagonists, alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists, G2A antagonists, serine protease inhibitors, and alpha-dicarbonyl-based soft electrophiles. Using some of these agents, pharmacological modulation of HMGB1-associated cutaneous pathology has been achieved with an acceptable toxicity profile, and preclinical proof-of-concept experimentation has demonstrated feasibility of developing HMGB1-modulators into novel systemic and topical therapeutics that target cutaneous inflammatory dysregulation.
Outside-In Signaling of Cellulose Synthesis by a Spore Coat Protein in Dictyostelium (2002)

The spore coat of Dictyostelium is formed de novo from proteins secreted from vesicles and cellulose synthesized across the plasma membrane as differentiating spores rise up the stalk. The mechanism by which these events are coordinated is not understood. In the course of experiments designed to test the function of the inner layer coat protein SP85 (PsB), expression of a specific partial length fragment was found to interrupt coat assembly after protein secretion and prior to cellulose synthesis in 85% of the cells. This fragment consisted of SP85's N-terminal domain, containing prespore vesicle targeting information, and its Cys-rich C1 domain. The effect of the NC1 fusion was not cell autonomous in interstrain chimeras, suggesting that it acted at the cell surface. SP85-null spores presented an opposite phenotype in which spores differentiated prematurely before reaching the top of the stalk, and cellulose was slightly overproduced in a disorganized fashion. A similar though less severe phenotype occurred when a fusion of the N and C2 domains was expressed. In a double mutant, absence of SP85 was epistatic to NC1 expression, suggesting that NC1 inhibited SP85 function. Together, these results suggest the existence of an outside-in signaling pathway that constitutes a checkpoint to ensure that cellulose synthesis does not occur until coat proteins are properly organized at the cell surface and stalk formation is complete. Checkpoint execution is proposed to be regulated by SP85, which is in turn under the influence of other coat proteins that interact with SP85 via its C1 and C2 domains.
Research From the IEEE IBM AI Compute and Emerging Technology Symposia (2019)

In recent years, interest in machine learning, deep learning, and more broadly AI has taken the computing industry by storm. Advancements in AI compute acceleration, along with algorithmic innovations and availability of training data, are widely credited as the catalysts to the resurgence of AI. The potential of AI has caught the interest of researchers spanning various disciplines, e.g., across the hardware and software computing stack, and career stages, e.g., from students to seasoned researchers. This interest has led to a staggering rate of advancement in the field. With the goal of bringing together researchers from various disciplines, career stages, and from industry and academia, the IEEE and IBM organized the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1^{\mathrm {st}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> AI Compute Symposium (AICS18) [items <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[4]</xref> in the Appendix].
Disruption of Amyloid‐Derived Peptide Assemblies through the Controlled Induction of a β‐Sheet to α‐Helix Transformation: Application of the Switch Concept (2007)

Most problems are soluble: Reversal of amyloid formation through a controlled induced transformation from β-sheet to soluble α-helix structures through the use of a switch element S (see scheme, σ is a helix-inducing template) could have an important consequences understanding the mechanisms of amyloid formation and clearance. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z603681_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Aminobromination of Olefins with TsNH2 and NBS as Nitrogen and Bromine Sources (2003)

[reaction: see text] A new synthetic procedure for aminohalogenation of olefins has been developed for the preparation of vicinal haloamine derivatives in high yields by using Cu, Mn, or V catalysts with p-toluenesulfonamide (TsNH(2)) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as nitrogen and bromine sources, respectively. Unprecedented regio- and stereoselectivity (anti:syn > 99:1) toward the aminohalogenation process is shown for olefinic substrates as well as transition metal catalysts.
Inverted Index Compression for Scalable Image Matching (2010)

In this paper, they address a key challenge for scaling image search up to larger databases: the amount of memory consumed by the inverted index. In a VT-based image retrieval system, the most memory-intensive structure is the inverted index. For example, in a database of one million images where each image contains hundreds of features, the inverted index consumes 2.5 GB of RAM. Such large memory usage limits the ability to run other concurrent processes on the same server, such as recognition systems for other databases. A memory-congested server can exhibit swapping between main and virtual memory, which significantly slows down all processes.
A mutation in NLA, which encodes a RING‐type ubiquitin ligase, disrupts the adaptability of Arabidopsis to nitrogen limitation (2007)

Abundant nitrogen is required for the optimal growth and development of plants, while numerous biotic and abiotic factors that consume soil nitrogen frequently create a nitrogen limitation growth condition. To cope with this, plants have evolved a suite of adaptive responses to nitrogen limitation. However, the molecular mechanism governing the adaptability of plants to nitrogen limitation is totally unknown because no reported mutant defines this trait. Here we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant, nla (nitrogen limitation adaptation), and identified the NLA gene as an essential component in this molecular mechanism. Supplied with insufficient inorganic nitrogen (nitrate or ammonium), the nla mutant failed to develop the essential adaptive responses to nitrogen limitation, but senesced much earlier and more rapidly than did the wild type. Under other stress conditions including low phosphorus nutrient, drought and high temperature, the nla mutant did not show this early senescence phenotype, but closely resembled the wild type in growth and development. Map-based cloning of NLA revealed that this gene encodes a RING-type ubiquitin ligase, and nla is a deletion mutation which does not code for the RING domain in the NLA protein. The NLA protein is localized to the nuclear speckles, where this protein interacts with the Arabidopsis ubiquitin conjugase 8 (AtUBC8). In the nla mutant, the deletion of the RING domain from NLA altered its subcellular localization, disrupted the interaction between NLA and AtUBC8 and caused the early senescence phenotype induced by low inorganic nitrogen. All the results indicate that NLA is a positive regulator for the development of the adaptability of Arabidopsis to nitrogen limitation.
Room-temperature cw operation of InGaP/InGaAlP visible light laser diodes on GaAs substrates grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1986)

Room-temperature cw operation for InGaP/InGaAlP double heterostructure (DH) laser diodes on GaAs substrates was achieved for the first time. The DH wafers were grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using methyl metalorganics. A lasing wavelength of 679 nm and a threshold current of 109 mA at 24 °C were obtained for an inner stripe structure laser diode with a 250-μm-long and 7-μm stripe geometry. The laser operated at up to 51 °C. The characteristic temperature T0 was 87 K at around room temperature. The lowest threshold current density, 5.0 kA/cm2, was obtained with a 20-μm stripe width laser diode under room-temperature pulsed operation.
Palladium catalysed alkoxycarbonylation of phenols to benzoate esters (1987)

R. E. Dolle, S. J. Schmidt and L. I. Kruse, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 904 DOI: 10.1039/C39870000904
Perspective on This Article from Synthetic Triterpenoids Prolong Survival in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

Perspective on This Article from Synthetic Triterpenoids Prolong Survival in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
ChemInform Abstract: New 3(2H)‐Pyridazinone Derivatives: Synthesis and Affinity Towards . alpha.1AR Subtypes and 5HT1A Receptors. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth, longevity, and climate–growth relationships ofCorbicula fluminea(Müller, 1774) in Hongze Lake, China (2017)

Corbicula fluminea is invasive in other parts of the world, but in China, it is native and supports important commercial fisheries. Surprisingly little is known about the ecology of native C. fluminea populations in China, including how life-history parameters, such as growth, may respond to widely variable environmental conditions, especially water-level management. A native C. fluminea population that supports a local commercial fishery in Hongze Lake (the 4th-largest freshwater lake in China and the largest impounded lake on the East Route of the South to North Water Transfer Project [ESNT]) was studied. Age, growth, and climate–growth relationships were estimated based on thin-sectioned shells. Sclerochronological techniques were used to detrend individual growth measurement series and to investigate climate factors that influenced growth over time. Six age-classes of C. fluminea were identified. Lee’s phenomenon (i.e., underestimated sizes at earlier age classes in survivors) was evident. A von Bertalanffy growth function was fitted to estimate shell height (SH)-at-age (SH∞= 45.2 mm, k = 0.13 and to= −1.11). Growth rates of individuals were extremely synchronous over time (2007–2011) (interseries r = 0.81), suggesting common growth drivers among individuals. Growth was positively correlated with food availability (chlorophyll a), annual runoff, regional annual total precipitation, and lake water level, and negatively correlated with extreme temperatures and annual temperature variance. The results suggest current water-level management practices that lower water level during summer may be limiting somatic growth and production of C. fluminea. Operation of the ESNT may have been working to benefit C. fluminea growth by increasing water availability from winter through early summer, a hypothesis that should be further investigated.
Photodissociation of negative ions formed in CO2 and CO2/O2 mixtures (1977)

A new tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer, developed explicitly for photodissociation experiments, has been used to study the photodissociation reactions of CO3− and CO4− ions formed in CO2 and CO2/O2 mixtures at pressures between 0.05 and 1.4 torr. These measurements have been accomplished at six discrete photon energies between 2.1–4.1 eV using the intense lines from a 200 W Hg lamp with a small monochromater, and more detailed measurements were carried out between 1.8–2.1 eV using a flash-lamp pumped tunable dye laser. The apparent photodissociation cross section for the reaction CO3−→O−+CO2 was measured as a function of ion source pressure at several wavelengths. The results are interpreted as indicating that CO3− ions produced by the three-body association reaction, O−+2CO2→CO3−+CO2 are initially formed in an electronically excited state and are rather slowly relaxed to the ground state by further collisions with CO2. The measured relaxation rate constant is approximately 5×10−14 cm3/sec.