gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
350nm CMOS test-chip for architecture verification of real-time QVGA color-video segmentation at the 90nm technology node (2004)

We designed a cell-network-based full-custom test-chip for gray-scale/color image segmentation of real-time video-signals in 350nm CMOS technology. From this digital test-chip design, fully-integrated QVGA-size video-picture-segmentation chips, with 250/spl mu/sec segmentation time per frame, at 10MHz are estimated to become possible at the 90nm technology node.
P6B-8 Utility of Template-based Filtering Methods to Improve Accuracy of Echo PIV for Multi-Component Blood Velocity Measurements (2007)

In Echo PIV technique, the microbubbles are seeded in flows and traced by ultrasound B-mode imaging technique, from which the successive microbubble images are then cross- correlated to generate two-dimensional (2D) velocity map showing the flow pattern. The initial in vitro studies showed the utility of this technique in accurately measuring 2D velocity vectors in a variety of opaque flows. Although the method appears promising, improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of backscatter data continues to be an important area of further study. By applying the current available filters, such as band pass filter, matched filter, or deconvolution technique, we found neither of them improves the accuracy of velocity measurement very well, although the particle images could be enhanced. In this paper, we introduce here a new RF filtering technique: Cross-correlation based Template Matching Filter (CTMF). This method involves cross-correlation between a template signal (Gaussian weighted pulse) and the target signal (ultrasound RF signal). The resulting correlation index is then thresholded to increase precision in obtaining bubble position information. The position information is incorporated into the bubble detection procedure to produce the improved pulse signal. Both the threshold and the template signals would have effects on particle image quality. Therefore, both factors are studied to optimize those values. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method on improving the measurement accuracy of Echo PIV, a rotating flow experiment was carried out and a series of RF data were acquired for post-processing We compared the particle images by applying different filters, including CTMF, convolution and wiener filter, respectively; also the vector maps based on different filter induced particle images were compared. The results show the best performance from the proposed filter, both on particle image and vector map accuracy, with vector outliers reduced from 15-18% for the conventional filters to less than 5% for CTMF.
Abstract 3433: ARHGAP30 and DEDD as potential genomic drivers of invasive urothelial carcinomas (2014)

Abstract Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is diagnosed in 72,570 patients annually. 20-30% of these patients have high grade advanced disease. These patients have had historically poor prognosis with 5-year survival rates of 33% and 6% in patients with regional and distant staged disease, respectively. Recent genomic analysis suggests that amplification of 1q23.3 may be associated with poor survival in patients with advanced UC. Using functional genomic screens, we aim to identify the genomic driver(s) of this association. Methods: First, we created an arrayed shRNA screen with 79 shRNAs targeting 15 genes within this amplification. We studied these effects across 4 and 6 bladder cell lines with and without amplification of 1q23.3, respectively. We then performed secondary screens through the overexpression of these genes. This was performed in 2 UC cells lines without amplification of 1q23.3, RT-4 (grade 1 UC) and RT-112 (grade 2 UC) along with an immortalized bladder cell line, TRT-HU1. These secondary screens include assessment of morphology, proliferation, clonogenicity, anchorage independence by soft agar colony formation, migration and invasion by Boyden chambers, and in-vivo tumor growth. Results: RIGER analysis of the arrayed shRNA screen identifies DEDD, F11R, ARHGAP30 and PVRL4 knockdown as inducing decreased proliferation (FDR &amp;lt;0.25) when comparing 1q23.3 amplified to non-amplified lines. Overexpression of those genes preliminarily shows: 1) ARHGAP30 overexpression changes the morphology from an epithelial to an amoeboid state in a subpopulation of both cancer cell lines. 2) DEDD overexpression confers a modest proliferative advantage in both UC cell lines. 3) No increased clonogenic potential or invasion/migration is observed when these genes are overexpressed. 4) DEDD and ARHGAP30 confer anchorage independence in RT-112 although this is not seen in RT-4 or TRT-HU1. Conclusions: ARHGAP30 and DEDD are potential drivers within the amplification of 1q23.3 and possibly mediators of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Detailed biological mechanisms and cooperativity of these genes requires further investigation. Citation Format: Andrew L. Hong, Markus Riester, Anna C. Schinzel, Amy Schlauch, Rosalyn M. Adam, David J. Kwiatkowski, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, William C. Hahn. ARHGAP30 and DEDD as potential genomic drivers of invasive urothelial carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3433. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3433
Effects of Bovine Serum Albumin on the Low Temperature Synthesis of Barium Titanate Microparticles via a Solid State Route (2006)

Fine particulate and phase pure barium titanate with its average particle size as small as 120 nm and its tetragonality as high as 1.0085 was obtained by adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the reactant mixture comprising fine particulate BaCO 3 and TiO 2 . In the presence of BSA, BaCO 3 decomposed at substantially lower temperatures as a consequence of coordination of BSA preferentially to the ligand field of Ba. Elimination of remaining free carbon by increasing oxygen partial pressure under flowing air was one of the technical key issues of the high crystallinity and sinterability of the product.
C1q Deficiency Promotes Pulmonary Vascular Inflammation and Enhances the Susceptibility of the Lung Endothelium to Injury (2015)

The collectin proteins are innate immune molecules found in high concentrations on the epithelial and endothelial surfaces of the lung. While these proteins are known to have important anti-inflammatory actions in the airways of the lung little is known of their functional importance in the pulmonary circulation. We recently demonstrated that the circulating collectin protein adiponectin has potent anti-inflammatory effects on the lung endothelium, leading us to reason that other structurally related proteins might have similar effects. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the anti-inflammatory actions of C1q in lung endothelial homeostasis and the pulmonary vascular response to LPS or HCl injury. We show that lung endothelium from C1q-deficient (C1q(-/-)) mice expresses higher baseline levels of the vascular adhesion markers ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin when compared with wild-type mice. Further, we demonstrate that these changes are associated with enhanced susceptibility of the lung to injury as evident by increased expression of adhesion markers, enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and augmented neutrophil recruitment. Additionally, we found that C1q(-/-) mice also exhibited enhanced endothelial barrier dysfunction after injury as manifested by decreased expression of junctional adherens proteins and enhanced vascular leakage. Mechanistically, C1q appears to mediate its effects by inhibiting phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and blocking nuclear translocation of the P65 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In summary, our findings indicate a previously unrecognized role for C1q in pulmonary vascular homeostasis and provide added support for the hypothesis that circulating collectin proteins have protective effects on the lung endothelium.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-diones with Potential Antitubercular Activity (2006)

A versatile combinatorial approach was developed and utilized for the rapid synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-c]-[1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-dione (PBD-5,11-dione) libraries 10, 15, and 19 containing 210 compounds with varied substitutions in A, B, and C rings. The key aspect of the synthetic strategy includes Staudinger, intermolecular aza-Wittig reaction followed by imine reduction and base-mediated cyclative cleavage results in the formation of final resin-free compounds. This strategy provides a highly efficient and practical protocol for the parallel synthesis of PBD-5,11-diones on solid support. The modifications in the C-ring of the PBD scaffold produced three types of sublibraries. Reactions were monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy on the resin beads. Further, from a generated library of 210 compounds, 142 compounds have been selected and evaluated for in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and some of these compounds have exhibited promising activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship Study of Novel Pyrazole‐Based Heterocycles as Potential Antitumor Agents. (2011)

Abstract The hitherto unreported pyrazole compound (III) and its derivative (V) undergo regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with in situ prepared nitrilimines to afford the pyrazole structures (VII) and (X).
A hybrid stimulation artifact reduction scheme for microfabricated deep brain stimulation and recording probes (2008)

Originally applied only to Parkinson’s disease, electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) is found to be useful for numerous other neurological diseases. The classical mm-size electrode solution (Medtronic) supports only weak spatial resolution and is operated in an open-loop stimulation approach. A demand from clinicians for μm-size electrode contacts and both stimulation and recording capabilities is imminent. Simultaneous stimulation and recording lead to large artifact signals due to short-distance electrical coupling between electrodes. Moving to μm-size electrodes worsens the situation. We propose a hybrid method and prototype system compensating the average stimulation artifact voltage by a factor of at least 100 and localizing the remaining artifact energy in well-known very short time regions. Simulations and effective closed-loop operation experiments with an electronic equivalent circuit of a measured actual μm-size neural probe have been successfully carried out.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Semiconducting TiO2 Photoelectrodes Prepared by Aerosol Pyrolysis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Targeted Nanocarriers Co-Opting Pulmonary Intravascular Leukocytes for Drug Delivery to the Injured Brain (2023)

<i>Ex vivo</i>-loaded white blood cells (WBC) can transfer cargo to pathological foci in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we tested affinity ligand driven <i>in vivo</i> loading of WBC in order to bypass the need for <i>ex vivo</i> WBC manipulation. We used a mouse model of acute brain inflammation caused by local injection of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We intravenously injected nanoparticles targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (anti-ICAM/NP). We found that (A) at 2 h, >20% of anti-ICAM/NP were localized to the lungs; (B) of the anti-ICAM/NP in the lungs >90% were associated with leukocytes; (C) at 6 and 22 h, anti-ICAM/NP pulmonary uptake decreased; (D) anti-ICAM/NP uptake in brain increased up to 5-fold in this time interval, concomitantly with migration of WBCs into the injured brain. Intravital microscopy confirmed transport of anti-ICAM/NP beyond the blood-brain barrier and flow cytometry demonstrated complete association of NP with WBC in the brain (98%). Dexamethasone-loaded anti-ICAM/liposomes abrogated brain edema in this model and promoted anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophages in the brain. <i>In vivo</i> targeted loading of WBC in the intravascular pool may provide advantages of coopting WBC predisposed to natural rapid mobilization from the lungs to the brain, connected directly via conduit vessels.
A new method for similarity indexing of market basket data (1999)

In recent years, many data mining methods have been proposed for finding useful and structured information from market basket data. The association rule model was recently proposed in order to discover useful patterns and dependencies in such data. This paper discusses a method for indexing market basket data efficiently for similarity search. The technique is likely to be very useful in applications which utilize the similarity in customer buying behavior in order to make peer recommendations. We propose an index called the signature table, which is very flexible in supporting a wide range of similarity functions. The construction of the index structure is independent of the similarity function, which can be specified at query time. The resulting similarity search algorithm shows excellent scalability with increasing memory availability and database size.
None-Destructive Evaluation of Electrodes of Rechargeable Batteries by Terahertz Technology (2019)

We proposed and developed terahertz chemical microscopy to visualize various kinds of chemical reactions in solutions. Here as one application of terahertz chemical microscopy, we demonstrated the non-destructive evaluation of the electrodes of rechargeable batteries during their operation as well as the detection principle of terahertz chemical microscopy.
Revisiting Normalized Gradient Descent: Fast Evasion of Saddle Points (2019)

The paper considers normalized gradient descent (NGD), a natural modification of classical gradient descent (GD) in optimization problems. It is shown that, contrary to GD, NGD escapes saddle points “quickly.” A serious shortcoming of GD in nonconvex problems is that it can take arbitrarily long to escape from the neighborhood of a saddle point. In practice, this issue can significantly slow the convergence of GD, particularly in high-dimensional nonconvex problems. The paper focuses on continuous-time dynamics. It is shown that 1) NGD “almost never” converges to saddle points and 2) the time required for NGD to escape from a ball of radius r about a saddle point x* is at most 5√(κr), where κ is the condition number of the Hessian of f at x*. As a simple application of these results, a global convergence-time bound is established for NGD under mild assumptions.
Formation of secondary electron cascades in single-crystalline plasma-deposited diamond upon exposure to femtosecond x-ray pulses (2008)

Secondary electron cascades were measured in high purity single-crystalline chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond, following exposure to ultrashort hard x-ray pulses (140fs full width at half maximum, 8.9keV energy) from the Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We report measurements of the pair creation energy and of drift mobility of carriers in two CVD diamond crystals. This was done for the first time using femtosecond x-ray excitation. Values for the average pair creation energy were found to be 12.17±0.57 and 11.81±0.59eV for the two crystals, respectively. These values are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The average drift mobility of carriers, obtained by the best fit to device simulations, was μh=2750cm2∕Vs for holes and was μe=2760cm2∕Vs for electrons. These mobility values represent lower bounds for charge mobilities due to possible polarization of the samples. The results demonstrate outstanding electric properties and the enormous potential of diamond in ultrafast x-ray detectors.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT APPROACH TO CHIRAL, NONRACEMIC TRANS‐DECAHYDRO‐5,8A‐DIMETHYL‐1,6‐NAPHTHALENEDIONE DERIVATIVES. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐PALLESCENSIN A (1985)

Abstract (I) und das Ketal (II) reagieren unter sauren Bedingungen zu (III), das mit Formaldehyd und Thiophenol in (IV) übergeht.
Sbds is required for Rac2-mediated monocyte migration and signaling downstream of RANK during osteoclastogenesis (2010)

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) results from mutations in the SBDS gene, characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and hematologic and skeletal abnormalities. Neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction are hallmark features of SDS; however, causes for the bone defects are unknown. Dysfunction of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, formed by the fusion of monocytic progenitors derived from the same granulocytic precursors as neutrophils, could be responsible. We report that Sbds is required for in vitro and in vivo osteoclastogenesis (OCG). Sbds-null murine monocytes formed osteoclasts of reduced number and size because of impaired migration and fusion required for OCG. Phenotypically, Sbds-null mice exhibited low-turnover osteoporosis consistent with findings in SDS patients. Western blotting of Rho GTPases that control actin dynamics and migration showed a 5-fold decrease in Rac2, whereas Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA were unchanged or only mildly reduced. Although migration was rescued on Rac2 supplementation, OCG was not. This was attributed to impaired signaling downstream of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and reduced expression of the RANK-ligand-dependent fusion receptor DC-STAMP. We conclude that Sbds is required for OCG by regulating monocyte migration via Rac2 and osteoclast differentiation signaling downstream of RANK. Impaired osteoclast formation could disrupt bone homeostasis, resulting in skeletal abnormalities seen in SDS patients.
Histogram compression and image retrieval through Padua points interpolation (2008)

Colour has proved to be a very powerful feature for image indexing. There are many examples of image retrieval systems based on colour or chromaticity histograms in the literature, following on from the histogram intersection method of Swain and Ballard. Here we propose a compact representation of the chromaticity histogram that achieves very good performance in image retrieval. Specifically, we use a new type of polynomial interpolation in two variables, which relies on the Padua points as interpolation nodes. What we obtain is a vector of coefficients, that represents the interpolation polynomial and is &#x201C;characteristic&#x201D; for an image, and that can be compared to the corresponding vectors of other images. Experiments show that our new compact Padua point representation supports excellent indexing and recognition.
Defect mitigation of plasma-induced delamination of TiW/Cu from SiN<inf>x</inf> layer in thin si interposer processing with glass carriers (2015)

Glass is widely used as a carrier substrate for processing thin silicon wafers for 3D applications. Moreover, the use of glass as an interposer material has recently attracted significant attention in both research and development. For silicon interposer applications, the silicon wafer with through silicon vias (TSVs) is first bonded to a temporary glass handler and subsequently subjected to wafer thinning to reveal the TSVs. After TSV reveal, wiring layers are patterned on the `grind-side' using photoresist, with sputtered TiW/Cu as the metal seed-layer and SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> as the dielectric separating the metal layers. This paper reports a new `resistdependent' delamination phenomenon that occurs at the interface between TiW/Cu and SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> surfaces, which is triggered during the plasma process. The delamination manifests as small blisters of raised TiW/Cu over the SiNx surface, and was observed while using glass wafers, either as a handler or as the actual electronic substrate. In this study, the root cause of delamination is identified as the Ar plasma used for clamping the wafers. The defect intensity is minimized by lowering the power of Ar plasma. Finally, defects are completely mitigated by substituting O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas in place of Ar during plasma processing.
Transformation of a Biologically Active Peptide into Peptoid Analogs While Retaining Biological Activity (2006)

We report the stepwise transformation of a linear peptide epitope recognized by the anti-transforming growth factor alpha monoclonal antibody Tab2 into peptomers and finally into peptoid analogs. The key experiment in this study is the substitution analysis in which each position of the peptide is exchanged by a set of different peptoid building blocks resulting in a peptidomimetic array. After probing the array toward antibody binding, the best binding peptomer spots were selected and subjected to a successive transformation. The best peptoid found in this study has a K(D) of 200 nM when binding to Tab2, which is only 8-fold higher than the starting peptide. Moreover, this approach permits to ask directly questions about the transformation of peptide lead structures into non-peptidic compounds in the context of protein recognition.
Subcellular localization of the Hpa RxLR effector repertoire identifies a tonoplast‐associated protein HaRxL17 that confers enhanced plant susceptibility (2011)

Filamentous phytopathogens form sophisticated intracellular feeding structures called haustoria in plant cells. Pathogen effectors are likely to play a role in the establishment and maintenance of haustoria in addition to their better-characterized role in suppressing plant defence. However, the specific mechanisms by which these effectors promote virulence remain unclear. To address this question, we examined changes in subcellular architecture using live-cell imaging during the compatible interaction between the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) and its host Arabidopsis. We monitored host-cell restructuring of subcellular compartments within plant mesophyll cells during haustoria ontogenesis. Live-cell imaging highlighted rearrangements in plant cell membranes upon infection, in particular to the tonoplast, which was located close to the extra-haustorial membrane surrounding the haustorium. We also investigated the subcellular localization patterns of Hpa RxLR effector candidates (HaRxLs) in planta. We identified two major classes of HaRxL effector based on localization: nuclear-localized effectors and membrane-localized effectors. Further, we identified a single effector, HaRxL17, that associated with the tonoplast in uninfected cells and with membranes around haustoria, probably the extra-haustorial membrane, in infected cells. Functional analysis of selected effector candidates in planta revealed that HaRxL17 enhances plant susceptibility. The roles of subcellular changes and effector localization, with specific reference to the potential role of HaRxL17 in plant cell membrane trafficking, are discussed with respect to Hpa virulence.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of β‐Phosphorylated Cyclic Aminoxyl Radicals by Flavins: An EPR Kinetic Study (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Emerging Challenges in Computational Topology (1999)

Here we present the results of the NSF-funded Workshop on Computational Topology, which met on June 11 and 12 in Miami Beach, Florida. This report identifies important problems involving both computation and topology.