gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-ray and optical studies of the tilted phases of materials exhibiting antiferroelectric, ferrielectric and ferroelectric mesophases (1998)

X-Ray and optical techniques have been employed to probe the physical properties of six materials that exhibit various frustrated chiral smectic phases. The temperature dependent evolution of the layer spacing, measured by small angle X-ray diffraction, is discussed with respect to the molecular structures of the materials. The layer spacings are used to deduce the steric tilt angle of the systems across the ferro-, ferri- and antiferro-electric phase ranges. Measurements of the steric and saturated optical tilt of the phases are compared. In general, for most materials and at most temperatures, the steric tilt is lower than the X-ray tilt as would be expected. However, in three of the materials the X-ray tilt is higher than the optical tilt over part of the high temperature tilted phase regime, providing evidence of conformation driven inversion phenomena. Further, the ratio of the steric to optical tilt angle is strongly temperature dependent in all but two of the materials.
A plasmonic terahertz detector with a monolithic hot electron bolometer (2009)

A plasmonic terahertz detector that integrates a voltage-controlled planar barrier into a grating gated GaAs/AlGaAs high electron mobility transistor has been fabricated and experimentally characterized. The plasmonic response at fixed grating gate voltage has a full width at half-maximum of 40 GHz at ∼405 GHz. Substantially increased responsivity is achieved by introducing an independently biased narrow gate that produces a lateral potential barrier electrically in series with the resonant grating gated region. DC electrical characterization in conjunction with bias-dependent terahertz responsivity and time constant measurements indicate that a hot electron bolometric effect is the dominant response mechanism at 20 K.
Multicompartmental analysis of late contrast enhancement in areas of myocardial infarction supplied by chronically occluded coronary arteries (2008)

Detection of LCE in the MI territories supplied by chronically occluded arteries relates to the difference in the V(In) of tracers between the infarct and the noninfarct areas.
Reduction in efficiency droop, forward voltage, ideality factor, and wavelength shift in polarization-matched GaInN/GaInN multi-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (2009)

Blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with polarization-matched GaInN/GaInN multi-quantum-well (MQW) active regions are grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. The GaInN/GaInN MQW structure reduces the magnitude of polarization sheet charges at heterointerfaces in the active region. The GaInN/GaInN MQW LEDs are shown to have enhanced light-output power, reduced efficiency droop, a lower forward voltage, a smaller diode ideality factor, and decreased wavelength shift, compared with conventional GaInN/GaN MQW LEDs.
iDREM: Interactive visualization of dynamic regulatory networks (2018)

The Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner (DREM) software reconstructs dynamic regulatory networks by integrating static protein-DNA interaction data with time series gene expression data. In recent years, several additional types of high-throughput time series data have been profiled when studying biological processes including time series miRNA expression, proteomics, epigenomics and single cell RNA-Seq. Combining all available time series and static datasets in a unified model remains an important challenge and goal. To address this challenge we have developed a new version of DREM termed interactive DREM (iDREM). iDREM provides support for all data types mentioned above and combines them with existing interaction data to reconstruct networks that can lead to novel hypotheses on the function and timing of regulators. Users can interactively visualize and query the resulting model. We showcase the functionality of the new tool by applying it to microglia developmental data from multiple labs.
At least two mutant alleles of ornithine 6-aminotransferase cause gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina in Finns (RNase A protection/polymerase chain reaction/hyperornithinemia/chorioretinal degeneration/missense mutation) (2016)

Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GA) is an inherited chorioretinal degeneration caused by deficiency of ornithine 6-aminotransferase (OAT; L-ornithine: 2-oxo-acid aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.13). GA is one of the genetic diseases, a group of several rare monogenic disorders that occur with increased frequency in the Finnish population. Using a combination of RNase A protection, genomic cloning, and polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA, we found one of two missense mutant OAT alleles to be present in each of 16 Finnish GA pedigrees. The first mutation R180T, in which arginine-180 is replaced by threonine, was present in homozygous form in patients from two pedigrees. The second mutation L402P, in which leucine- 402 is replaced by proline, was present in homozygous form in patients from 14 pedigrees. Neither mutation was present in 19 Finnish controls. L402P was not present in 18 non-Finnish GA patients but R180T was found in an American GA patient. We constructed full-length mutant cDNAs by amplifying patient cDNA with the polymerase chain reaction and cloning a restriction fragment containing the mutation into an otherwise normal human OAT cDNA. These mutant cDNAs were then expressed in CHO-Ki cells, which lack endogenous OAT. Both R180T and L402P inactivate OAT. These results show molec- ular heterogeneity in GA alleles even in the Finnish population. Ornithine 6-aminotransferase (OAT; L-ornithine:2-oxo-acid
Microwave remediation of hazardous and radioactive wastes (2021)

A team from the Westinghouse Savannah River Technology Center (WSRC - a DOE Laboratory), and the University of Florida (UF - academia), has been active for about a decade in development of microwave technology for specialized waste management applications. This interaction has resulted in the development of unique equipment and uses of microwave energy for a variety of important applications for remediation of hazardous and radioactive wastes. Discussed are results of this unique technology for processing of electronic circuitry and components, medical wastes, discarded tires, and transuranic radioactive wastes.
Molecular dynamics simulations of shocked benzene (2000)

The behavior of benzene at high temperatures and pressures is studied using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. The interatomic forces were generated using linear-scaling tight-binding electronic structure theory on systems containing 128 and 576 molecules. The shock Hugoniot, calculated directly from the simulations without predetermining the equation of state, is compared with experiment. Piston velocities of 4 km/s or greater result in a pressure-induced polymerization. This transition is consistent with the bend in the experimental measurements of shock versus piston velocity.
The identification and characterization of non-reactive inhibitor of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction through HTS using a fluorescence polarization assay (2013)

Keap1, an oxidative stress “sensor” protein, forms a complex with the transcription factor Nrf2 and regulates the expression of the cytoprotective genes. The interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 plays an important role in several diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. However, emerging data is contradictory, indicating a poor understanding of this regulation. To better probe this process, we developed and performed a high throughput screen (HTS) to identify non-reactive inhibitors to disrupt the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 using a biochemical fluorescence polarization (FP) assay. Of the 337,116 tested compounds from the NIH MLPCN library, we found 460 hits with a hit rate of 0.14%. Eight compounds were confirmed in the following retest and the IC50s of two of them were approximately 2 μM. These two potent hits exhibited direct binding activity to Keap1 protein by thermal shift assay and by competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR). One of the two hits would be expected to be readily converted into an active Michael acceptor in cells and was not investigated further. The remaining hit (hit1) had three chiral centers with undefined configurations. We undertook stereoselective synthesis and identified the most active stereoisomer. Only one of the eight possible stereoisomers was active. A series of analogs was synthesized and evaluated in both biochemical assays and cell-based reporter assays. One compound, a single enantiomer of the original hit, was identified as the probe ML334 (SID 152344591, CID 56840728). ML334 binds to the Keap1 protein with Kd of 1.0 μM in competitive SPR experiments, and competes with a Nrf2 peptide with an IC50 of 1.6 μM in FP assay. Moreover, ML334 disrupts Keap1-Nrf2 interaction at the cellular level as demonstrated by an induction of Nrf2 nuclear translocation and an upregulation of ARE controlled reporter gene. ML334 does not show detectable cytotoxicity up to 26 μM in HEK293 and HepG2 cells. Experiments with pre-incubation of ML334 with Keap1 and subsequent filtration demonstrated that ML334 is a reversible inhibitor of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction. In addition, incubation of ML334 with GSH did not show the formation of GSH adduct. To the best of our knowledge, ML334 is the first non-covalent small molecule inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction, distinctive from other known inducers of Nrf2. This first in-class inhibitor will be used to elucidate the role of Keap1-Nrf2 interactions in multiple disease areas and to address safety concerns about chemoprotection.
Magnetic Gastrointestinal Universal Septotome: First Results Of A Pilot Study in Esophageal Epiphrenic Diverticulum (2021)

Aims In absence of motility disorders, treatment of symptomatic epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum (EED) is challenging. We have developed a specific device which provides marsupialization of EED after placement of two magnets on each sides of the septum of the diverticulum, linked by a self retractable suture wire, called MAGUS (Magnetic Gastrointestinal Universal Septotome). Once inserted, magnets and self-retractable surgical wire induce a progressive ischemia, leading to tissue necrosis and ultimately its section. We initiated a prospective human study to evaluate technical success, clinical outcome and safety following MAGUS insertion in patient presenting with symptomatic diverticulum.
Synthesis and Properties of Diazopiperidiones for Use in Nonchemically Amplified Deep UV Photoresists (2004)

3-Diazopiperi-2,4-diones have been prepared and explored as photoactive substrates for microlithography. Michael addition of primary amines to methyl acrylate, followed by amidation with methyl malonate yielded amides that underwent base-catalyzed cyclization to the corresponding piperi-2,4-diones. The pendant esters of the resultant piperidiones were removed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation and diazotization was carried out by treatment with tosyl azide. The resulting 3-diazopiperi-2,4-diones absorb in the 240−260-nm spectral range, are readily soluble in common solvents, and undergo the Wolff rearrangement with high quantum yield upon exposure in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) (248−257 nm), affording ketenes that react with adventitious water to provide transparent, base soluble photoproducts. These characteristics make them ideal chromophores for the design of nonchemically amplified photoresists for use in the DUV. Bis-diazopiperidione derivatives prepared from 4,8-bis(chlorosulfonylmethyl)tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane and a hydroxyl-functionalized 3-diazopiperi-2,4-dione yielded products that efficiently inhibit novolac dissolution in aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide and are therefore useful for formulating advanced resist materials.
Intestinal bitter taste receptor activation alters hormone secretion and imparts metabolic benefits (2018)

Extracts of the hops plant have been shown to reduce weight and insulin resistance in rodents and humans, but elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for these benefits has been hindered by the use of heterogeneous hops-derived mixtures. Because hop extracts are used as flavoring agents for their bitter properties, we hypothesized that bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs) could be mediating their beneficial effects in metabolic disease. Studies have shown that exposure of cultured enteroendocrine cells to bitter tastants can stimulate release of hormones, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). These findings have led to the suggestion that activation of Tas2rs may be of benefit in diabetes, but this tenet has not been tested. Here, we have assessed the ability of a pure derivative of a hops isohumulone with anti-diabetic properties, KDT501, to signal through Tas2rs. We have further used this compound as a tool to systematically assess the impact of bitter taste receptor activation in obesity-diabetes. KDT501 was tested in a panel of bitter taste receptor signaling assays. Diet-induced obese mice (DIO) were dosed orally with KDT501 and acute effects on glucose homeostasis determined. A wide range of metabolic parameters were evaluated in DIO mice chronically treated with KDT501 to establish the full impact of activating gut bitter taste signaling. We show that KDT501 signals through Tas2r108, one of 35 mouse Tas2rs. In DIO mice, acute treatment stimulated GLP-1 secretion and enhanced glucose tolerance. Chronic treatment caused weight and fat mass loss, increased energy expenditure, enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, normalized plasma lipids, and induced broad suppression of inflammatory markers. Chronic KDT501 treatment altered enteroendocrine hormone levels and bile acid homeostasis and stimulated sustained GLP-1 release. Combined treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor amplified the incretin-based benefits of this pure isohumulone. Activation of Tas2r108 in the gut results in a remodeling of enteroendocrine hormone release and bile acid metabolism that ameliorates multiple features of metabolic syndrome. Targeting extraoral bitter taste receptors may be useful in metabolic disease.
Tissue factor: a mediator of inflammatory cell recruitment, tissue injury, and thrombus formation in experimental colitis (2007)

There is growing evidence for an interplay between inflammatory and coagulation pathways in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, it remains unclear whether components of the coagulation pathway, such as tissue factor (TF), contribute to intestinal inflammation, and whether targeting TF will blunt the inflammatory cell recruitment, tissue injury, and enhanced thrombus formation that occur in experimental colitis. Mice were fed 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colonic inflammation, with some mice receiving a mouse TF-blocking antibody (muTF-Ab). The adhesion of leukocytes and platelets in colonic venules, light/dye-induced thrombus formation in cremaster muscle microvessels, as well as disease activity index, thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes in plasma, and histopathologic changes in the colonic mucosa were monitored in untreated and muTF-Ab-treated colitic mice. In untreated mice, DSS elicited the recruitment of adherent leukocytes and platelets in colonic venules, caused gross and histologic injury, increased plasma TAT complexes, and enhanced thrombus formation in muscle arterioles. muTF-Ab prevented elevation in TAT complexes, reduced blood cell recruitment and tissue injury, and blunted thrombus formation in DSS colitic mice. These findings implicate TF in intestinal inflammation and support an interaction between inflammation and coagulation in experimental colitis.
Precoding-Based Network Alignment for Three Unicast Sessions (2014)

We consider the problem of network coding across three unicast sessions over a directed acyclic graph, where the sender and receiver of each unicast session are both connected to the network via a single edge of unit capacity. We consider a network model in which the middle of the network can only perform random linear network coding, and restrict our approaches to precoding-based linear schemes, where the senders use precoding matrices to encode source symbols. We adapt a precoding-based interference alignment technique, originally developed for the wireless interference channel, to construct a precoding-based linear scheme, which we refer to as precoding-based network alignment scheme (PBNA). A primary difference between this setting and the wireless interference channel is that the network topology can introduce dependencies among the elements of the transfer matrix, which we refer to as coupling relations, and can potentially affect the achievable rate of PBNA. We identify all these coupling relations and interpret them in terms of network topology. We then present polynomial-time algorithms to check the presence of these coupling relations in a particular network. Finally, we show that, depending on the coupling relations present in the network, the optimal symmetric rate achieved by precoding-based linear scheme can take only three possible values, all of which can be achieved by PBNA.
Characterization of Products from Fast Micropyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste Biomass (2016)

Biomass feedstock costs remain one of the largest impediments to biofuel production economics. Municipal solid waste (MSW) represents an attractive feedstock with year-round availability, an established collection infrastructure paid for by waste generators, low cost, and the potential to be blended with higher cost feedstocks to reduce overall feedstock costs. Paper waste, yard waste, and construction and demolition waste (C&D) were examined for their applicability in the pyrolysis conversion pathway. Paper waste consisted of nonrecyclable paper such as mixed low grade paper, food and beverage packaging, kitchen paper wastes and coated paper; yard waste consisted of grass clippings, and C&D wastes consisted of engineered wood products obtained from a construction waste landfill. The waste materials were tested for thermochemical conversion potential using a bench scale fast micropyrolysis process. Bio-oil yields were the highest for the C&D materials and lowest for the paper waste. The C&D wastes had the highest level of lignin derived compounds (phenolic and cyclics), while the paper waste had higher levels of carbohydrate derived compounds (aldehydes, organic acids, ketones, alcohols, and sugars). However, the paper material had higher amounts of lignin derived compounds than expected based upon lignin content that is likely due to the presence of polyphenolic resins used in paper processing. The paper and yard wastes had significantly higher levels of ash content than the C&D wastes (14–15% versus 0.5–1.3%), which further correlated to higher levels of alkali and alkaline earth metals, which are known to reduce the amount of pyrolysis bio-oil produced. The effect of acid washing was evaluated for grass clipping and waste paper, and the amount of bio-oil produced was increased from 58% to 73% and 67% to 73%, respectively.
TTL Alignment for Excimer Laser Aligner. Real-Time SMART with Correcting Lateral Chromatic Aberration. (1993)

This paper presents a real-time SMART (separated mark TTL alignment) technique for optical lithography systems. The new TTL alignment optical system corrects lateral chromatic aberration which has made impossible reticle-to-wafer real-time alignment (during exposure) at all mark positions. The optical method of correcting lateral chromatic aberration is described. This correcting method was applied to a KrF excimer laser optical lithography aligner to demonstrate the principle of this alignment method. The simulation results of alignment beam positions were similar to the experimental results. At each alignment mark position, the alignment signal level was sufficient to allow detection as a positioning signal, an overlay accuracy of ± 0.05 μm (3σ) was achieved.
A monolithic AlGaAs/InGaAs upconverter IC for K-band wireless networks (1995)

This paper is concerned with the design consideration, fabrication process, and performance of a CPW heterojunction FET (HJFET) upconverter MMIC for K-band wireless system applications. To realize a mixer featuring a simple structure with inherently isolated ports, and yet permitting independent port matching and low LO power operation, a "source injection" concept is introduced by treating the FET as a three-port device in which the IF and LO signals are, respectively, applied to the gate and source terminals, and RF signal is extracted from the drain terminal. The upconverter chip incorporates an HJFET as a mixing element, an IF matching network, an LO matching network, an RF matching network, and an output filter. The upconverter can operate with an LO power level as low as -16 dBm for IF signals in 1.5-2.5 GHz band, and LO signals in 20-23 GHz band. Including a 3 dB pass-band insertion loss of the filter, the upconverter exhibits a maximum conversion gain of -6 dB for an IF power of -5 dBm at 1.9 GHz, and an LO power of 10 dBm at 21.5 GHz. LO suppression at IF and RF ports, respectively, is better than 22 dB and 20 dB, and IF suppression at RF port is better than 35 dB.
Supplementary Table S4 from Breast Cancer Cell–Derived GM-CSF Licenses Regulatory Th2 Induction by Plasmacytoid Predendritic Cells in Aggressive Disease Subtypes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S4. Cytokine measurements in digested unstimulated primary breast tumor (Unst) or tumors stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 microbeads (αCD3/CD28).&lt;/p&gt;
Application of chemometrics to 1H NMR spectroscopic data to investigate a relationship between human serum metabolic profiles and hypertension (2002)

The application of chemometric methods to 1H NMR spectroscopic data has been documented for pathophysiological processes. In this study we show the application of 1H NMR-based metabonomics to investigate a relationship between serum metabolic profiles and hypertension. Although hypertension can be defined using blood pressure measurements, the underlying aetiology and metabolic effects are not so readily identified. Serum profiles for patients with low/normal systolic blood pressure (SBP < or = 130 mm Hg; n = 28), borderline SBP (131-149 mm Hg; n = 19) and high SBP (> or = 150 mm Hg; n = 17) were acquired using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Orthogonal signal correction followed by principal components analysis were applied to these NMR data in order to facilitate interpretation, and the resulting chemometric models were validated using Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy. Using 1H NMR-based metabonomics, it was possible to distinguish low/ normal SBP serum samples from borderline and high SBP samples. Borderline and high SBP samples, however, were indiscriminate from each other. Our preliminary results showed that there was a relationship between serum metabolic profiles and blood pressure which, in part, was due to lipoprotein particle composition differences between the samples. Furthermore, our results indicated that serum pathology associated with blood pressure is apparent at SBP values > 130 mm Hg, which the WHO and ISH currently define as the limit between normal and high-normal.