gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-addressable liquid crystal polymer dispersed liquid crystal (2017)

Scattering-free liquid crystal polymer-dispersed liquid crystal polymer (LCPDLC) films are fabricated by combining a room temperature polymerizable liquid crystal (LC) monomer with a mesogenic photosensitive LC. The morphological and photosensitive properties of the system are analysed with polarized optical microscopy and high resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A two-phase morphology comprised of oriented fibril-like polymeric structures interwoven with nanoscale domains of phase separated LC exists. The nanoscale of the structures enables an absence of scattering which allows imaging through the LCPDLC sample without optical distortion. The use of a mesogenic monomer enables much smaller phase separated domains as compared to nonmesogenic systems. All-optical experiments show that the transmitted intensity, measured through parallel polarizers, can be modulated by the low power density radiation (31 mW/cm2) of a suitable wavelength (532 nm). The reversible and repeatable transmission change is due to the photoinduced trans-cis photoisomerization process. The birefringence variation (0.01) obtained by optically pumping the LCPDLC films allow their use as an alloptical phase modulator
Das CRM Performance Model (CPM) (2004)

Das hier vorgestellte Modell zur Erfolgsmessung des IKT-basierten Kundenbeziehungsmanagements — das so genannte CRM Performance Model (CPM) — wurde auf Basis der in den vorangegangen Kapiteln dargestellten Theorien, Verfahren und Voruntersuchungen entwickelt. Dabei wurden sowohl bestehende Ansätze als auch deren kritisierte Schwächen entsprechend berücksichtigt.
Estimation of Number Density of Particles Considering Their Morphology and Size-distribution in Particle Dispersion Strengthening Steels (2012)

The number density of particles was estimated regarding to the high strength steels containing non-spherical shaped precipitates with various size. The shapes of particles were evaluated by modeling based on the experimental results obtained by transmission electron microscopy. When the spatial degrees of freedom of particle size were restricted to two-dimensions, the effect of particle size distribution on the number density became relatively small compared to the case of the three spatial degrees of freedom. This finding suggested that the number density might be obtained from the mean particle size. It was noted that the effect of size deviation could be negligible when the particles were platelet-shaped and their thickness was assumed to be constant.
Controlled delivery of gold nanoparticle-coupled miRNA therapeuticsviaan injectable self-healing hydrogel (2021)

Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a role in many diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Potentially, miRNAs could be targeted with miRNA-therapeutics. Sustained delivery of these therapeutics remains challenging. This study couples miR-mimics to PEG-peptide gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and loads these AuNP-miRNAs in an injectable, shear thinning, self-assembling polymer nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel drug delivery platform to improve delivery. Spherical AuNPs coated with fluorescently labelled miR-214 are loaded into an HPMC-PEG-b-PLA PNP hydrogel. Release of AuNP/miRNAs is quantified, AuNP-miR-214 functionality is shown <i>in vitro</i> in HEK293 cells, and AuNP-miRNAs are tracked in a 3D bioprinted human model of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Lastly, biodistribution of PNP-AuNP-miR-67 is assessed after subcutaneous injection in C57BL/6 mice. AuNP-miRNA release from the PNP hydrogel <i>in vitro</i> demonstrates a linear pattern over 5 days up to 20%. AuNP-miR-214 transfection in HEK293 results in 33% decrease of Luciferase reporter activity. In the CAVD model, AuNP-miR-214 are tracked into the cytoplasm of human aortic valve interstitial cells. Lastly, 11 days after subcutaneous injection, AuNP-miR-67 predominantly clears <i>via</i> the liver and kidneys, and fluorescence levels are again comparable to control animals. Thus, the PNP-AuNP-miRNA drug delivery platform provides linear release of functional miRNAs <i>in vitro</i> and has potential for <i>in vivo</i> applications.
An investigation of dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster (1985)

The authors have obtained 21-cm H I observations of a sample of 32 dwarf irregular (dI) and 12 dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies that are located in the Virgo cluster. Altogether, 18 of 32 dIs were detected in H I, but none of the dEs were detected at a sensitivity level of M<SUB>HI</SUB> = 2 - 3×10<SUP>6</SUP>M_sun;. The detected dIs have M<SUB>HI</SUB> &gt; 3×10<SUP>7</SUP>M_sun;. This disparity in H I content between dIs and dEs effectively dispels the possibility that the dEs are presently in a stage of quiescence (hibernation), between bursts of star formation. In order to supplement the 21-cm data, the authors have acquired optical spectroscopy, CCD images, and infrared photometry for a limited subsample of these dwarfs. They discuss the general H I, infrared, and dynamical properties of the dwarfs and show how these properties relate to the hypothesis previously outlined, namely that dEs may be stripped dIs.
The murine dialysis fistula model exhibits a senescence phenotype: pathobiological mechanisms and therapeutic potential (2018)

There is no therapy that promotes maturation and functionality of a dialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The search for such therapies largely relies on evaluation of vascular responses and putative therapies in experimental AVFs. We studied an AVF in mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We demonstrate numerous stressors in the vein of the AVF-CKD group, including pathological shear, mitogenic, inflammatory, and hypoxia-reoxygenation stress. Because stress promotes premature senescence, we examined whether senescence is induced in the vein of the AVF-CKD model. We demonstrate a senescence phenotype in the AVF-CKD model, as indicated by increased expression of p16<sup>Ink4a</sup>, p21<sup>Cip1</sup>, and p53 and expected changes for certain senescence-associated microRNAs. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated differential expression of ~10,000 genes, including upregulation of proinflammatory and proliferative genes, in the vein of the AVF-CKD group. The vein in the AVF-CKD group exhibited telomere erosion and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and staining. Senescence was induced in the artery of the AVF-CKD group and in the vein of the AVF without CKD. Finally, given the rapidly rising clinical interest in senolytics, we provide proof of concept of senolytics as a therapeutic approach by demonstrating that senolytics decrease p16<sup>Ink4a</sup> expression in the AVF-CKD model. This study introduces a novel concept underlying the basis for maturational and functional failure in human dialysis AVFs and identifies a new target for senolytic therapy.
H<sub>&#x221E;</sub> strong stabilization via HIFOO, a package for fixed-order controller design (2008)

We report on our experience with strong stabilization using HIFOO, a toolbox for H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sup> fixed-order controller design. We applied HIFOO to 21 fixed-order stable H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sup> controller design problems in the literature, comparing the results with those published for other methods. The results show that HIFOO often achieves good H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sup> performance with low-order stable controllers, unlike other methods in the literature.
Integration of Proteomics and Metabolomics to Unravel the Mechanism of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Donor Kidneys for Transplantation. (2014)

Increased acceptance of higher risk donor organs for transplantation, results in an increased risk of compromised outcomes after kidney transplantation. These organs are exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) which has detrimental effects on organ function and survival. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological events, at the molecular level, that occur following IRI is still not well defined. In this study, we used a rat model employing proteomcis and metabolomics approaches to evaluate the molecular changes associated with IRI. IRI was induced by clamping left kidney for 45 min in male Fischer rats, allowing for 4 hours of reperfusion (n=6). The right kidney served as an internal control, and healthy rodents used as additional controls (n=2). Renal cortical samples, containing the proximal convoluted tubules were micro-dissected for proteomics and metabolomics studies. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based label free quantitative proteomics was employed to measure tryptic digested kidney lysates. NMR spectroscopy was used to measure aqueous fractions extracted from cortex of the same samples. In total, 1390 proteins were identified with 64 proteins shortlisted (>2 fold change, ANOVA P<0.05) between IRI and control groups. Among 64 differentially expressed proteins, 4 up-regulated proteins were associated with acute renal failure. Proteins associated with decreased transmembrane potential and depolarization of mitochondria were up-regulated as were enzymes involved in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism. 1H-NMR spectra were acquired and 29 metabolites identified. Principle component analysis using all spectra showed clear separation of IRI against controls. Amongst 29 identified metabolites, creatinine and leucine were up regulated in IRI vs healthy controls, consistent with acute renal injury and dysregulation of amino-acid metabolism. A decrease of glucose and AMP, NAD+, and increased lactate may indicate dependence on glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction during IRI. In summary, this study demonstrates successful use of proteomics and metabolomics to evaluate IRI in a rat model revealing specific molecular signatures. Preventing acute renal injury by preserving mitochondrial function through pre or post conditioning will lead to improved organ quality and improve transplant outcome.
Guanylate Cyclase Activity in Normal and Neoplastic Squamous Epithelia from the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract (1986)

Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) are suggested to participate in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Guanylate cyclase is the enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of cGMP. The basal guanylate cyclase activity was slightly higher in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas than in normal mucosa, but was two-fold higher in papillomas. Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma did not show any increased basal activity. Stimulation with nitroprusside (NP) resulted in a 20% increased activity for normal mucosa and a 30% increase for poorly differentiated carcinomas, whereas enzyme prepared from well-differentiated squamous carcinomas and papillomas showed a two-fold increase.
Mammary Serine Protease Inhibitor (Maspin) Binds Directly to Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (2005)

Since its reported discovery in 1994, maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) has been characterized as a class II tumor suppressor by its ability to promote apoptosis and inhibit cell invasion. Maspin is highly expressed in normal mammary epithelial cells but reduced or absent in aggressive breast carcinomas. However, despite efforts to characterize the mechanism(s) by which maspin functions as a tumor suppressor, its molecular characterization has remained somewhat elusive. Therefore, in an attempt to identify maspin-interacting proteins and thereby gain insight into the functional pathways of maspin, we employed a maspin-baited yeast two-hybrid system and subsequently identified Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) as a maspin-binding protein. IRF6 belongs to the IRF family of transcription factors, which is best known for its regulation of interferon and interferon-inducible genes following a pathogenic stimulus. Although many of the IRF family members have been well characterized, IRF6 remains poorly understood. We report that IRF6 is expressed in normal mammary epithelial cells and that it directly associates with maspin in a yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro. The interaction occurs via the conserved IRF protein association domain and is regulated by phosphorylation of IRF6. We have shown that, similar to maspin, IRF6 expression is inversely correlated with breast cancer invasiveness. We further demonstrated that the transient re-expression of IRF6 in breast cancer cells results in an increase of N-cadherin and a redistribution of vimentin commensurate with changes in cell morphology, suggestive of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition event. Concomitantly, we showed that maspin acts as a negative regulator of this process. These findings help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of maspin and suggest an interactive role between maspin and IRF6 in regulating cellular phenotype, the loss of which can lead to neoplastic transformation.
Unconventional molybdenum carbide phases with high electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (2019)

The development of noble metal-free catalysts, which can replace noble metals for various electrocatalytic reactions in renewable energy devices is of huge interest. Here, we report nanoporous α-MoC<sub>1−x</sub> and η-MoC nanosheets electrocatalysts for HER.
Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) / Organo- fluoromica Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications: In Vitro Fatigue Properties (2019)

Abstract Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) / poly(hexamethylene oxide) (PHMO)-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposite was investigated for potential use in biomedical application. Studies on the in vitro fatigue behaviour of the TPU and TPU nanocomposite (under physiological saline solution, 37°C conditions) were highlighted in this article. The data were compared with those of commercially available silicone elastomer (Nusil MED 4860). Results indicated that the TPU nanocomposite (2MED-C (2HM)) had greater fatigue properties than the virgin TPU, which provide strong evidence of its greater capacity to withstand cyclic forces than the host TPU when exposed to physiological fluid. This was caused by the presence of well dispersed and impermeable organofluoromica platelets in the TPU matrix resulted in more tortuous path for the physiological fluid diffusion, thereby decreasing the fluid permeability of the polymer. Eventhough the silicone elastomer has lesser hysteresis than the virgin TPU and TPU nanocomposite, its fatigue strength is much lower than those of the TPU nanocomposite. The findings revealed the potential of PDMS/PHMO based TPU nanocomposite to replace silicone elastomer as biomaterial, particularly for implantable biomedical device application.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Suppression of MicroRNA-9 by Mutant EGFR Signaling Upregulates FOXP1 to Enhance Glioblastoma Tumorigenicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 49KB, Silencing the pri-miR-9-2 host gene downregulates miR-9 and increases U87DK tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;
The striatal heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H mRNA targetome associated with methamphetamine administration and behavior (2021)

Methamphetamine addiction remains a major public health concern in the United States that has paralleled the opioid epidemic. Psychostimulant use disorders have a heritable genetic component that remains unexplained. Methamphetamine targets membrane and vesicular transporters to increase synaptic dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. We previously identified <i>Hnrnph1</i> (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1) as a quantitative trait gene underlying methamphetamine behavioral sensitivity. <i>Hnrnph1</i> encodes the RNA-binding protein hnRNP H1 that is ubiquitously expressed in neurons throughout the brain. Gene-edited mice with a heterozygous frameshift deletion in <i>Hnrnph1's</i> first coding exon of showed reduced methamphetamine-induced dopamine release and behaviors. To inform the mechanism linking hnRNP H with methamphetamine neurobehavioral effects, we surveyed the mRNA targetome of hnRNP H via cross-linking immunoprecipitation coupled with RNA-sequencing in striatal tissue at baseline and at 30 min post-methamphetamine in wild-type male and female C57BL/6J mice. Methamphetamine induced changes in RNA-binding targets of hnRNP H in mice, including differential binding to 3'UTR targets and multiple enriched mRNAs involved in synaptic plasticity. Targetome, transcriptome, and spliceome analyses triangulated on <i>Cacna2d2</i> as a suggestive target, with differences in hnRNP H binding, gene expression and splicing following methamphetamine treatment (2 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, pre-treatment with pregabalin, an inhibitor of α2δ2 and α2δ1 voltage-gated calcium channel subunits, attenuated methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in male and female mice, supporting a role for Cacna2d1/d2 in methamphetamine locomotor stimulant sensitivity. Our study identifies a dynamic hnRNP H RNA targetome that can rapidly and adaptively respond to methamphetamine to regulate gene expression and likely synaptic plasticity and behavior.
A Generic EMI-Immune Technique for Differential Amplifiers With Single-Ended Output (2017)

This paper presents a unique methodology to calculate the filtering capacitances of the OpAmp already reported in the literature. The methodology aims to show that there is an optimal solution that can be used to increase the electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity of any OpAmp for a wide range of frequencies. By using this proposed methodology, an OpAmp structure that reduces the EMI effect is designed in standard 0.18 μm mixed-mode CMOS technology. Detailed mathematical analyses and simulation results are presented and discussed. Simulation results show that the maximum EMI-induced offset voltage in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 1 GHz for the OpAmp is 4.4 mV. In contrast, the standard Miller OpAmp exhibits a maximum EMI-induced offset voltage of 92.4 mV under the same operating conditions.
Combining the setbase approach with negative databases (2012)

In 2009, Shamir proposed the setbase approach to protect the privacy of biometric data during ID documents issuance. One year later, Bringer and Chabanne introduced negative databases for biometric data. In this paper, we show that negative database techniques can also be applied to the setbase approach to enforce some of its security characteristics.
Human T cell clones define S1 subunit as the most immunogenic moiety of pertussis toxin and determine its epitope map. (1989)

Human T lymphocyte clones specific for pertussis toxin (PT) were used to analyze the fine specificity of the response to PT, the basic component of new acellular vaccines against whooping cough. The majority (83%) of the clones specific for PT recognized S1, the subunit that in animal models has been shown to be highly immunogenic. To map T cell epitopes on S1, 18 S1-specific clones were tested for recognition of recombinant fragments representing NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal deletions of S1 and two recombinant S1 subunits containing amino acid substitutions. This approach led to the identification of three regions of the protein as the sequences containing T cell antigenic sites: 1-42, 181-211, and 212-235. Synthetic peptides were eventually used for a finer localization of the T cell epitopes. Two peptides, one of 13 residues (27-39) at the NH2 terminus and one of 24 residues (171-194) at the COOH terminus, stimulated proliferation of three and four clones, respectively. Both peptides are recognized in association with HLA DR1 molecules. These results stress the role of S1 in the immune response to PT and provide data useful for the development of a recombinant or synthetic antipertussis vaccine containing T cell epitopes from S1.
MPLEx: a method for simultaneous pathogen inactivation and extraction of samples for multi-omics profiling (2020)

The continued emergence and spread of infectious agents is of great concern, and systems biology approaches to infectious disease research can advance our understanding of host–pathogen relationships and facilitate the development of new therapies and vaccines.
Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer and its sensor applications (1982)

Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometers using monomode fibers are fabricated and their basic properties of finesse, polarization, and thermal response are studied. Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometers are applied to the sensors of temperature, mechanical vibration, acoustic wave including human voice, ac voltage, and ac and dc magnetic fields. It has been demonstrated that a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer can simplify the interferometric fiber sensor system and that high measurement sensitivity can be obtained by using a high-finesse and/or long-distance fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer.
Delayed correlation based signal detection scheme with filter bank for OFDM signal (2014)

Delayed correlation has been used as a signal detection scheme for an orthogonal frequency devision multiplexing symbol with a cyclic prefix in spectrum sensing. Because of a frequency offset, the outputs of the delayed correlation do not lay only on a real axis of a complex plane. Therefore, the absolute value of the outputs of the delayed correlation is employed. Furthermore, with the use of a filter bank, the number of the outputs of the delayed correlators increases and the averaging over the outputs decreases noise variance. This paper proposes a new delayed correlation scheme using the filter bank and taking the absolute value of the outputs of delayed correlation. The proposed scheme improves the probability of detection as the number of the branches of the delayed correlators increases. In the case of 6 branches the proposed scheme reduces the required sample energy by 1dB for the probability of detection of 0.9.
The tumor microenvironment drives transcriptional phenotypes and their plasticity in metastatic pancreatic cancer (2020)

SUMMARY Bulk transcriptomic studies have defined classical and basal-like gene expression subtypes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that correlate with survival and response to chemotherapy; however, the underlying mechanisms that govern these subtypes and their heterogeneity remain elusive. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of 23 metastatic PDAC needle biopsies and matched organoid models to understand how tumor cell-intrinsic features and extrinsic factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) shape PDAC cancer cell phenotypes. We identify a novel cancer cell state that co-expresses basal-like and classical signatures, demonstrates upregulation of developmental and KRAS-driven gene expression programs, and represents a transitional intermediate between the basal-like and classical poles. Further, we observe structure to the metastatic TME supporting a model whereby reciprocal intercellular signaling shapes the local microenvironment and influences cancer cell transcriptional subtypes. In organoid culture, we find that transcriptional phenotypes are plastic and strongly skew toward the classical expression state, irrespective of genotype. Moreover, we show that patient-relevant transcriptional heterogeneity can be rescued by supplementing organoid media with factors found in the TME in a subtype-specific manner. Collectively, our study demonstrates that distinct microenvironmental signals are critical regulators of clinically relevant PDAC transcriptional states and their plasticity, identifies the necessity for considering the TME in cancer modeling efforts, and provides a generalizable approach for delineating the cell-intrinsic versus -extrinsic factors that govern tumor cell phenotypes.