gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
User centered energy management scheme for smart buildings (2017)

Because power grids experience dynamic variations in energy generation and demand, inclusion of renewable energy alone will not assure self-sustainability of smart buildings. Energy sustainability can be achieved by developing an energy friendly, context aware wireless sensor network which is overlaid on the existing electrical network. This smart environment is supported by efficient algorithms for dynamic energy management in smart buildings. Generally, the home energy management system has different functions. These include a) controlling the energy consumption at peak times, b) updating consumers about the real time power consumption inside the home area network, and c) helping the consumer to schedule the operation of appliances based on the real time pricing from the utility company. Also it is very important to analyze how the users can minimize electricity bills while achieving electrical energy conservation with a reasonable level of consumer comfort. The proposed availability based management algorithm (AMA) enhances the existing home energy management system by helping the consumers to supervise and control their monthly electricity tariff payment. The AMA performs an advance initial distribution of energy for upcoming days which helps to keep the power consumption of the residence within a stipulated limit. This research explains and demonstrates, using real data collected from an office building case example, how the AMA works in different scenarios. The results show that the AMA offers effective management of monthly tariff and energy consumption in variable use cases. From the experimentation result, the proposed system achieves 65.08% deduction in energy consumption with the energy unaware system and 30.16% deduction in energy consumption with pattern based energy management system.
Basic physics of hemodiafiltration (2022)

Standard high-flux hemodialysis (HD) clears urea very efficiently but is less efficient at clearing uremic toxins with larger molecule size, which diffuse more slowly. Hemodiafiltration (HDF) provides much higher convection rates, thereby reliably increasing the clearance of these larger toxins. However, the high ultrafiltration volumes employed by HDF significantly increase the concentration of proteins and lipids in the dialyzer blood compartment. This has the effect of increasing plasma viscosity, which opposes solute diffusion, and increasing plasma oncotic pressure, which opposes convection. The negatively charged plasma proteins also influence the equilibration of ions between dialysate and blood compartments. These effects result in varying conditions for solute transport along the length of the dialyzer and along the radial distance from the membrane within the dialyzer fibers. High-flux dialyzers can be designed to augment solute diffusion and internal filtration, so that their performance approaches that of HDF. This avoids some of the mechanical complexity of HDF, but such enhanced dialyzers may be more difficult to manufacture, control and monitor. Here, we present and discuss the most important physical phenomena associated with HDF therapy, providing an overview of its main concepts and principles. In particular, we discuss the physics of solute diffusion and convection and the factors affecting them, and we compare predilution or postdilution HDF with enhanced HD.
Proteomic approach to discover human cancer viruses from formalin-fixed tissues (2020)

The challenge of discovering a completely new human tumor virus of unknown phylogeny or sequence depends on detecting viral molecules and differentiating them from host molecules in the virus-associated neoplasm. We developed differential peptide subtraction (DPS) using differential mass spectrometry (dMS) followed by targeted analysis to facilitate this discovery. We validated this approach by analyzing Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive human neoplasm, in which ~80% of cases are caused by the human Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV). Approximately 20% of MCC have a high mutational burden and are negative for MCV, but are microscopically indistinguishable from virus positive cases. Using 23 (12 MCV+, 11 MCV-) formalin-fixed MCC, DPS identified both viral and human biomarkers (MCV large T antigen, CDKN2AIP, SERPINB5, and TRIM29) that discriminate MCV+ and MCV- MCC. Statistical analysis of 498,131 dMS features not matching the human proteome by DPS revealed 562 (0.11%) to be upregulated in virus-infected samples. Remarkably, 4 (20%) of the top 20 candidate MS spectra originated from MCV T oncoprotein peptides and confirmed by reverse translation degenerate oligonucleotide sequencing. DPS is a robust proteomic approach to identify potentially novel viral sequences in infectious tumors when nucleic acid-based methods are not feasible.
Influence of Device Microstructure on The Optical Properties of Ge1-ySny (y=00.11) LEDs Produced by Next Generation Deposition Methods (2015)

Ge 1-y Sn y alloys represent a promising new class of IR semiconductors with tunable direct band gaps beyond that of Ge, allowing the optoelectronic capabilities of the material to be significantly extended into the mid IR. These alloys become direct gap semiconductors for y = 0.09 Significant progress has been made in recent years with the demonstration of high efficiency photodetectors and light emitting diodes containing up to 8% Sn However systematic optical studies of devices with concentrations near the indirect-to-direct transition are still lacking. A major problem with the synthesis of highly saturated materials with y > 0.08 is the strong dependence of the lattice parameter on the Sn content. This produces a significant lattice mismatch with Si and Ge platforms, making it difficult to integrate materials with sufficiently low defect densities as required for viable device performance. Furthermore, the associated compressive strains become an issue, rendering the material more indirect and adversely affecting light emission. For the fabrication of practical devices, relaxed films with large thickness are desirable but such films contain deleterious misfit dislocations that increase the non-radiative recombination rate. In this paper, we report the development of optimized growth protocols that enable fabrication of a new class of photodiodes featuring thick, bulk-like components with purposely designed microstructures. The device configurations comprise n-Ge/Ge 1-y Sn y /p-Ge 1-y Sn y stacks grown directly upon Si(100). The constituent layers feature defectengineered interfaces, allowing the fabrication of devices exhibiting strong direct-gap electroluminescence over a wide concentration range 0 y 0.11 for the first time. The intrinsic active regions are grown largely relaxed on Ge-buffered Si following low-temperature routes based on specialty Ge 3 H 8 and SnD 4 chemical sources. The devices contain only one defected interface between the intrinsic layer and the Ge buffer, while all other junctions are selected to be lattice-matched and thus devoid of dislocations.
Preferentially Orientated Li-Deficient Li4Ti5O12 Nanosheet Anode and Its Excess Charge Storage Properties (2015)

Mesoporous Li deficient Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanosheets with major [110] preferred orientation were prepared by a novel low T (&lt;100 °C) aqueous synthesis process. Surface relaxation due to nanosize effect in the near surface region and 10 % deficiency of lithium were found to lead to local chemical bond length extension that influences the electronic structure and Li storage capacity. Thus the lithiated material over the potential range from 1 to 2.5 V vs. Li/Li + reaches the following over-stoichiometrical composition: Li 7.92 Ti 5 O 12 . As determined by XANES the excess Li-ion storage is the result of preferential crystal orientation along the (110) and (111), facets. During lithiation, it was further determined the charge compensation to occur primarily by oxygen, rather than by titanium. Finally, both the oxygen and titanium in the near surface region exhibit different electronic structure from bulk. Those results point to the importance of surface reconstruction and relaxation in accommodating excess Li storage. As a consequence, the newly prepared Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanosheets exhibit superior Li-ion storage performance exceeding by far most of the alternatively prepared LTO anode materials.
Dynamic byzantine quorum systems (2002)

Byzantine quorum systems enhance the availability and efficiency of fault-tolerant replicated services when servers may suffer Byzantine failures. An important limitation of Byzantine quorum systems is their dependence on a static threshold limit on the number of server faults. The correctness of the system is only guaranteed if the actual number of faults is lower than the the threshold at all times. However, a threshold chosen for the worst case wastes expensive replication in the common situation where the number of faults averages well below the worst case. In this paper, we present protocols for dynamically raising and lowering the resilience threshold of a quorum-based Byzantine fault-tolerant data service in response to current information on the number of server failures. Using such protocols, a system can operate in an efficient low-threshold mode with relatively small quorums in the absence of faults, increasing and decreasing the quorum size (and thus the tolerance) as faults appear and are dealt with, respectively.
Cooperative cache partitioning for chip multiprocessors (2007)

This paper presents Cooperative Cache Partitioning (CCP) to allocate cache resources among threads concurrently running on CMPs. Unlike cache partitioning schemes that use a single spatial partition repeatedly throughout a stable program phase, CCP resolves cache contention with multiple time-sharing partitions. Timesharing cache resources among partitions allows each thrashing thread to speed up dramatically in at least one partition by unfairly shrinking other threads' capacity allocations, while improving fairness by giving different partitions equal chance to execute. Quality-of-Service (QoS) is guaranteed over the long term by orchestrating the shrink and expansion of each thread's capacity across partitions to bound the average slowdown. Time-sharing based cache partitioning is further integrated with CMP cooperative caching [6] to exploit the benefits of LRU-based latency optimizations, which leads to a simplified partitioning algorithm and better performance for workloads that do not benefit from cache partitioning.
Chronic Oral Study of Myosin Activation to Increase Contractility in Heart Failure (COSMIC-HF): a phase 2, pharmacokinetic, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (2020)

BACKGROUND: Impaired contractility is a feature of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We assessed the pharmacokinetics and effects on cardiac function and structure of the cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil. METHODS: In this randomised, double-blind study, done at 87 sites in 13 countries, we recruited patients with stable, symptomatic chronic heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction 40% or lower. Patients were randomly assigned equally, via an interactive web response system, to receive 25 mg oral omecamtiv mecarbil twice daily (fixed-dose group), 25 mg twice daily titrated to 50 mg twice daily guided by pharmacokinetics (pharmacokinetic-titration group), or placebo for 20 weeks. We assessed the maximum concentration of omecamtiv mecarbil in plasma (primary endpoint) and changes in cardiac function and ventricular diameters. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01786512. FINDINGS: From March 17, 2014, to March 5, 2015, we enrolled 150 patients in the fixed-dose omecamtiv mecarbil group and 149 in the pharmacokinetic-titration and placebo groups. Mean maximum concentration of omecamtiv mecarbil at 12 weeks was 200 (SD 71) ng/mL in the fixed-dose group and 318 (129) ng/mL in the pharmacokinetic-titration group. For the pharmacokinetic-titration group versus placebo group at 20 weeks, least square mean differences were as follows: systolic ejection time 25 ms (95% CI 18-32, p<0·0001), stroke volume 3·6 mL (0·5-6·7, p=0·0217), left ventricular end-systolic diameter -1·8 mm (-2·9 to -0·6, p=0·0027), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter -1·3 mm, (-2·3 to 0·3, p=0·0128), heart rate -3·0 beats per min (-5·1 to -0·8, p=0·0070), and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide concentration in plasma -970 pg/mL (-1672 to -268, p=0·0069). The frequency of adverse clinical events did not differ between groups. INTERPRETATION: Omecamtiv mecarbil dosing guided by pharmacokinetics achieved plasma concentrations associated with improved cardiac function and decreased ventricular diameter. FUNDING: Amgen.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW AMINO PROTECTING GROUP REMOVABLE BY REDUCTION. CHEMISTRY OF THE DITHIASUCCINOYL (DTS) FUNCTION (1978)

Abstract Die Dithiasuccinoyl (Dts)‐Gruppe kann als N‐Schutzgruppe bei der Peptidsynthese verwendet werden: Z. B. liefert die Reaktion der ‐ Aminosäureesterderivate (II) mit dem Reagenz (I) (die entsprechenden freien Säuren von (II) reagieren nicht) über die Zwischenstufen (III) und (IV) die Dts‐Aminosäureester (V), deren Verseifung dann die freien Dts‐Säuren (VI) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New Adducts of Cobalt Bis(2,4‐pentanedionate). Molecular Structure of a Cis Complex: Cobalt Bis(2,4‐pentanedionate) N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraethyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane. (1989)

Abstract Bis(acetylacetonato)‐Co (I) reacts with a variety of bidentate ligands such as (II) to give nearly octahedral 1:1 adducts which are characterized spectroscopically.
Simplified o(n) algorithms for planar graph embedding, kuratowski subgraph isolation, and related problems (2001)

A graph is planar if it can be drawn on the plane with vertices at unique locations and no edge intersections. Due to the wealth of interest from the computer science community, there are a number of remarkable but complex O(n) planar embedding algorithms. This dissertation presents a new method for O(n) planar graph embedding which avoids some of the complexities of previous approaches. The PC-tree method of Shih and Hsu has similarities to our algorithm, but the formulation is incorrect and not O(n) for reasons discussed in this dissertation. Our planarity algorithm operates directly on an adjacency list representation of a collection of planar biconnected components, adding one edge at a time to the embedding until the entire graph is embedded or until a non-planarity condition arises. If the graph is not planar, a new O(n) algorithm is presented that simplifies the extraction of a Kuratowski subgraph (a subgraph homeomorphic to K3,3 or K5). The results are then extended to outerplanar graphs, which are planar graphs that can be embedded with every vertex along the external face. In linear time, the algorithms find an outerplanar embedding or a minimal obstructing subgraph homeomorphic to K2,3 or K 4. Finally, modifications to the outerplanarity and planarity obstruction isolators are presented, resulting in O( n) methods for identifying a subgraph homeomorphic to K 2,3 or K3,3.
Effect of surface structure on cell growth prepared by the terminal immobilization method (2004)

Abstract Substrate effects of surface morphology and chemical structure for cell cultures prepared by molecular terminal immobilization method were studied. When we focused attention on a phenyl group as a functional moiety, the cell growth on the surface prepared by the immobilization method showed a better proliferation rate than that of a substrate prepared by the casting method. Further, from the results of mouse fibroblast L929 cell (L‐cell) growth on poly(amino acid)‐immobilized surfaces in Dulbecco's minimal essential medium containing 10% FBS, it was indicated that the amino group was more effective than the phenyl group, and that a slight difference of chemical structure had a substantial influence on cell growth. In addition, mouse bone marrow–derived Sp2/0‐Ag14 cell (Sp2/0 cell) culture in ASF‐104 serum‐free medium, poly(amino acid)‐immobilized substrates showed an almost equal proliferation rate to that in a serum‐containing medium. These results showed that effective cell growth can occur on immobilized surfaces, and that detection of a weak interaction depends on the functional groups. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3001–3008, 2004
Abstract #1795: In Vitro and in vivo activity of ARRY-380: A potent, small molecule inhibitor of ErbB2. (2009)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family consists of four receptor tyrosine kinases, two of which that can function as important human oncogenes making them attractive as potential therapeutic targets. The growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR (ErbB1) and Her2 (ErbB2), in particular, perform a major role in controlling cell growth and differentiation. ErbB2 is over -expressed in multiple human tumors of epithelial origin; most notably in breast, ovarian and stomach cancers. Overexpression of ErbB2 in many of theses cancers is associated with poor clinical outcome in human patients. The critical role of ErbB2 in growth factor signaling and the clinical efficacy data with targeted ErbB2 agents (e.g., trastuzumab, lapatinib) confirms inhibition of ErbB2 as an attractive target for tumor growth inhibition. ARRY-380 is an orally active, selective, small molecule inhibitor of ErbB2. Its activity (IC50) against ErbB2 enzyme is 14 nM and it inhibits the phosphorylation of ErbB2 in BT474 cells in culture with an IC 50 of 21 nM. ARRY-380 also potently inhibits phosphorylation of AKT, induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of BT474 cells in vitro. This compound has excellent in vivo and in vitro ADME properties, including dose-proportional exposure in rodents and in primates and an excellent metabolic profile. In vivo efficacy of ARRY-380 has been tested in numerous tumor xenograft models. Marked tumor growth inhibition has been demonstrated in NIH-3T3 cells stably transfected with constitutively active ErbB2 kinase (3T3-rErbB2), NCI-N87 human gastric carcinoma, BT-474 human breast carcinoma and SK-O-V3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma. For the in vivo tumor studies, female nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the flank with tumor cells or cell fragments. Tumor size was measured at regular intervals for up to 21 days. Animals received oral doses of ARRY-380 ranging from 25 to 200 mg/kg/d for 21 days. ARRY-380 showed significant dose-related tumor growth inhibition (up to 96%) and significant regressions in the xenograft models evaluated. The inhibition of pErbB2 was measured in the 3T3-rErbB2 tumors. Consistent with the mechanism of action of ARRY-380, tumor growth inhibition correlated with decreased pErbB2 levels (92% inhibition at a dose of 50 mg/kg) in tumors obtained from the in vivo growth inhibition studies. In BT474 xenograft tumors treated with ARRY-380, inhibition of pErbB2 and of downstream signaling targets, AKT and ERK, has been demonstrated. Based on its superior preclinical activity and tolerability and excellent pharmacokinetic profile, ARRY-380 has entered Phase I studies in patients with solid tumors. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1795.
Performance of closely spaced multiple antennas for terminal applications (2009)

The influence of correlation, efficiency, and antenna branch signal unbalance on receive diversity gain and Shannon capacity is investigated. A case study using closely spaced dipoles, with mutual coupling included, is used for the analysis. These results are compared with results derived from measured embedded radiation patterns of dual-antenna mock-ups
Soft-Prioritization Based System Selection Strategy for Software Defined Radio in Heterogeneous Networks (2006)

In the next-generation wireless networks, system convergence progressed towards the realization of seamless and ubiquitous environment with software defined radio (SDR). This manuscript proposes a soft-prioritization based system selection algorithm performed by SDR terminal and investigates the effectiveness of the soft-prioritization based system selection by using a concrete simulation model in the practical channel model. To maximize the quality of service (QoS), wireless communication systems are prioritized on the basis of criteria for system selection such as data rate, channel quality and cost, and those systems should be dynamically changed. However, frequent inter-system handovers based on hard-prioritization are undesirable in view of interrupting and dropping communication, particularly for real-time traffics. Wireless communication systems are softly prioritized in the soft-prioritization based system selection algorithm, and therefore inter-system handovers between systems with the same priority aren't initiated. To elucidate the validity of the soft-prioritization based system selection algorithm, a system simulation model consisting of five wireless communication systems is employed. Simulation results confirm that the soft-prioritization system selection algorithm offers higher performance in terms of the number of inter-system handovers and average throughput of best effort traffic
Data Adaptive Estimation of the Treatment Specific Mean (2004)

An important problem in epidemiology and medical research is the estimation of the causal effect of a treatment action at a single point in time on the mean of an outcome, possibly within strata of the target population defined by a subset of the baseline covariates. Current approaches to this problem are based on marginal structural models, i.e., parametric models for the marginal distribution of counterfactural outcomes as a function of treatment and effect modifiers. The various estimators developed in this context furthermore each depend on a high-dimensional nuisance parameter whose estimation currently also relies on parametric models. Since misspecification of any of these models can lead to severely baised estimates of causal effects, the dependence of current methods on such parametric models represents a major limitation. In this article we introduce estimators that allow the marginal structural model as well as the parametric model for the relevant nuisance parameter to be selected data-adaptively. Our methodology is based on the unified loss-based estimation approach recently developed by van der Laan and Dudoit (2003) that in particular extends loss-based estimation to missing data problems. We study the practical performance of our proposed estimators in an extensive simulation study and also apply them to data derived from an epidemiologic study to assess the causal effect of forced expiratory volume on mortality in the elderly. All of the estimators presented in this article are made publicly available in the R package cvDSA.