gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Super Fast Physics-Based Methodology for Accurate Memory Yield Prediction (2014)

We propose an efficient physics-based mixed-mode statistical simulation methodology for nanoscale devices and circuits. Here, 3-D Technology Computer Aided Design models pose a barrier for efficient simulation of variability as they generally involve millions of nodes in their mesh representations. The proposed methodology, which has been implemented for FinFET/tri-gate static random access memory (SRAM) design, overcomes this barrier by leveraging advanced physics-based 2-D (P2-D) devices with optimized meshes that are derived from 3-D FinFET models with tuned device parasitics. This enables physics-based simulation as well as physics-based variability input parameters. To improve accuracy, an embedded automated flow enables extraction of all external nodal parasitics, directly from a 3-D FinFET circuit layout representation. The circuits consisting of advanced P2-D devices are then back annotated with the nodal parasitics to enable fast and accurate SRAM dynamic margin mixed-mode simulations. Results demonstrate up to 200× speedup compared with traditional 3-D device simulations, and around five orders of magnitude wall clock time improvement on account of fast statistical methodologies, which are superior in comparison with traditional Monte Carlo analysis. This makes it feasible to supplant often inaccurate compact model-based simulations by true mixed-mode device simulations in statistical engines. The proposed physics-based methodology is also shown to corroborate well with hardware measurements.
Spatial characterisation of single room indoor propagation at 5.8 GHz (2002)

An experimental system allowing extensive indoor propagation measurements in the space domain, at microwave frequencies is described. Analysis of measurements performed, in typical domestic environments, at 5.8 GHz, showed that, for single room systems, the exponent of the average power loss versus distance is approximately equal to 2. It has also been found that the statistics of the spatial multipath fading follows a Rician law for 88% of the performed measurements. For the remaining 12% of cases, corresponding to the most obstructed situations between the transmitter and the receiver, a Rayleigh law has been found.
Programmierbare supramolekulare Polymerisationen (2015)

Das rationale Design von Selbstorganisationswegen wurde bei supramolekularen Polymeren demonstriert. Durch Steuerung der Konzentration eines aggregationsfähigen Monomers über intramolekulare Wechselwirkungen wurden Bedingungen einer lebenden supramolekularen Polymerisation erreicht. Dieser allgemeine Ansatz kann genutzt werden, um Aggregate mit eindeutig definierter Länge und enger Dispersität zu erhalten.
Geranylgeranylated proteins (1992)

Conference Article| May 01 1992 Geranylgeranylated proteins John A. Glomset; John A. Glomset 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Michael H. Gelb; Michael H. Gelb 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Christopher C. Farnsworth Christopher C. Farnsworth 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1992) 20 (2): 479–484. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0200479 Article history Received: January 06 1992 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation John A. Glomset, Michael H. Gelb, Christopher C. Farnsworth; Geranylgeranylated proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1992; 20 (2): 479–484. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0200479 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: G-protein, GTP-binding protein, GDI, GDP dissociation inhibitor, GDS, GDP dissociation stimulator This content is only available as a PDF. © 1992 Biochemical Society1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Introduction to Spin Wave Computing (2021)

This paper provides a tutorial overview over recent vigorous efforts to develop computing systems based on spin waves instead of charges and voltages. Spin-wave computing can be considered as a subfield of spintronics, which uses magnetic excitations for computation and memory applications. The tutorial combines backgrounds in spin-wave and device physics as well as circuit engineering to create synergies between the physics and electrical engineering communities to advance the field towards practical spin-wave circuits. After an introduction to magnetic interactions and spin-wave physics, all relevant basic aspects of spin-wave computing and individual spin-wave devices are reviewed. The focus is on spin-wave majority gates as they are the most prominently pursued device concept. Subsequently, we discuss the current status and the challenges to combine spin-wave gates and obtain circuits and ultimately computing systems, considering essential aspects such as gate interconnection, logic level restoration, input-output consistency, and fan-out achievement. We argue that spin-wave circuits need to be embedded in conventional CMOS circuits to obtain complete functional hybrid computing systems. The state of the art of benchmarking such hybrid spin-wave--CMOS systems is reviewed and the current challenges to realize such systems are discussed. The benchmark indicates that hybrid spin-wave--CMOS systems promise ultralow-power operation and may ultimately outperform conventional CMOS circuits in terms of the power-delay-area product. Current challenges to achieve this goal include low-power signal restoration in spin-wave circuits as well as efficient spin-wave transducers.
Towards a Computational Multiphysics Framework for Modeling Antibiofouling Processes (2014)

Biofouling is a process of major concern on naval vessels because it considerably affects their performance, maintenance and operational costs due to the fact that induces an increased hydrodynamic drag that leads to higher fuel consumption that in turn demands expensive cleaning procedures. A possible antibiofouling system can be designed by enhancing an existing impressed current cathodic protection system and taking advantage of the chlorine oxidants produced during its operation. In this work we present a design methodology for such a system, together with the associated multiphysics formulation framework based on a coupled chemical reactions — electric currents, species mass transport and electromigration model. This framework predicts the spatio-temporal distributions of the Chlorine species concentration that tend to inhibit the biofouling formations. We also demonstrate the applicability of the computational framework on a number of platforms ranging from simple panels up to a full scale boat. The computational results are compared with the actual field experiments.
Microorganisms and methods for the production of fatty acids and fatty acid derived products (2023)

This invention relates to metabolically engineered microorganism strains, such as bacterial strains, in which there is an increased utilization of malonyl-CoA for production of a fatty acid or fatty acid derived product, wherein the modified microorganism produces fatty acyl-CoA intermediates via a malonyl-CoA dependent but malonyl-ACP independent mechanism.
Density scaling beyond the FinFET: Architecture considerations for gate-all-around CMOS (2016)

The promise of improved electrostatics and the ability to increase the amount of effective width (Weff) available in a given device footprint drove the semiconductor industry from planar CMOS transistors to the FinFET transistor starting at the 22 nm node [1]. Numerous manufacturers are in large-scale production of 16 and 14 nm node FinFET technologies [2-3] and there is no indication that a change in device architecture is planned for the 10 or 7 nm nodes [4]. Looking beyond 7 nm, the scaling challenges of the FinFET are expected to increase dramatically. In particular, continued scaling of the fin width and fin pitch may reach a physical limit due to a combination of quantum effects, patterning process [5] realities and contact architecture limitations [6]. It is well known that gate-all-around (GAA) devices demonstrate improved electrostatics over double or triple-gated FinFET devices [7]. In view of the impending difficulties occasioned by FinFET scaling, it is necessary to take a critical look at the possibility of a GAA CMOS device technology. In this paper, I will explore this topic by presenting relevant TCAD and experimental work on single and stacked GAA devices. The TCAD illustrates that a properly designed stacked GAA device architecture can show superior performance over a scaled FinFET reference. I will conclude by presenting experimental work to substantiate this claim.
Investigation on Molybdenum and Its Conductive Oxides as p-type Metal Gate Candidates (2007)

In this work, we studied molybdenum (Mo) and its conductive oxides (MoOx) for p-type metal gate application. Three compositions of MoOx have been investigated in this work. The resistivity of Mo/MoOx was found to significantly increase with increasing oxygen incorporation. Clear phase separation of all MoOx was observed after high temperature thermal treatment. Incorporation of oxygen was found to be effective to increase the work function (WF) of Mo. However, after full integration process, significant WF decrease of MoOx was also observed, which may be induced during the high temperature junction activation process. The interfacial silicon oxide layer growth and the EOT dependent Vfb roll-off behavior will also be discussed.
DoS and DDoS in Named-Data Networking (2012)

With the growing realization that current Internet protocols are reaching the limits of their senescence, a number of on-going research efforts aim to design potential next-generation Internet architectures. Although they vary in maturity and scope, in order to avoid past pitfalls, these efforts seek to treat security and privacy as fundamental requirements. Resilience to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks that plague today's Internet is a major issue for any new architecture and deserves full attention. In this paper, we focus on DoS in a specific candidate next-generation Internet architecture called Named-Data Networking (NDN) -- an instantiation of Information-Centric Networking approach. By stressing content dissemination, NDN appears to be attractive and viable approach to many types of current and emerging communication models. It also incorporates some basic security features that mitigate certain attacks. However, NDN's resilience to DoS attacks has not been analyzed to-date. This paper represents the first step towards assessment and possible mitigation of DoS in NDN. After identifying and analyzing several new types of attacks, it investigates their variations, effects and counter-measures. This paper also sheds some light on the long-standing debate about relative virtues of self-certifying, as opposed to human-readable, names.
Gut ecosystem: how microbes help us (2014)

The human gut houses one of the most complex and abundant ecosystems composed of up to 1013-1014 microorganisms. Although the anthropocentric concept of life has concealed the function of microorganisms inside us, the important role of gut bacterial community in human health is well recognised today. Moreover, different microorganims, which are commonly present in a large diversity of food products, transit through our gut every day adding in some cases a beneficial effect to our health (probiotics). This crosstalk is concentrated mainly in the intestinal epithelium, where microbes provide the host with essential nutrients and modulation of the immune system. Furthermore, microorganisms also display antimicrobial activities maintaining a gut ecosystem stable. This review summarises some of the recent findings on the interaction of both commensal and probiotic bacteria with each other and with the host. The aim is to highlight the cooperative status found in healthy individuals as well as the importance of this crosstalk in the maintenance of human homeostasis.
ENHANCED INHIBITION OF HIV-1 REPLICATION IN MACROPHAGES BY ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES, RIBOZYMES AND ACYCLIC NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHONATE ANALOGS DELIVERED IN pH-SENSITIVE LIPOSOMES (2001)

An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev response element, a ribozyme complementary to the HIV-1 5'-LTR, and the reverse transcriptase inhibitors 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) adenine (PMEA) and (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-adenine (PMPA) inhibited virus replication in monocyte-derived macrophages more effectively when delivered in pH-sensitive liposomes compared to the free drugs.
Development of Oxygen Sensing System by T-T Absorption at Stationary State of Quenching (2002)

A photochemical new oxygen sensor using continuous wave Nd-YAG laser (CW laser) as an excitation light has been developed, which is based on the stationary state quenching of triplet-triplet (T-T) absorption of zinc 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (ZnTFPP) by oxygen. The intensity of ZnTFPP T-T absorption decreases with oxygen concentration, indicating the applicability for oxygen sensor.
The Development of a Practical and Reliable Large-Scale Synthesis of 2,6-Diamino-4-bromopyridine (2002)

A novel, safer, and efficient synthetic route to 2,6-diamino-4-bromopyridine has been developed. In discovery research a five-step synthesis afforded 2,6-diamino-4-bromopyridine in 56% yield with a double Curtius rearrangement as a key transformation. Due to potential safety concerns on larger scale an alternative synthetic strategy was necessary. Starting from 2,4-dibromopyridine-N-oxide two complementary procedures have been developed to access 2,6-diamino-4-bromopyridine. The four-step procedure yielded in 28% overall, and the five-step procedure, in 33% overall 2,6-diamino-4-bromopyridine in a safe and straightforward manner using a regioselective 2,6-diamination reaction as key step. Additionally, a general route to unsymmetrical substituted pyridine N-oxide derivatives is disclosed.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cryptaspherands (I) and Their Complexation Properties with the Alkali Metal Ions. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: AN AROMATIC VERSION OF CLAISEN REARRANGEMENTS OF ESTER SILYL ENOLATES ‐ A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 2,3‐DISUBSTITUTED FURANS (1985)

Abstract Die aus den Estern (I) dargestellten Silylenolate (II) lagern sich unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen zu den Ester (III) um, aus denen nach Hydrolyse die entsprechenden Säuren (IV) erhalten werden.
Estimation of Constrained Capacity and Outage Probability in Rayleigh Channels (2013)

Ergodic capacity and outage probability are two important performance measures of communication systems in fading channels. The goal of this work is to develop a simple method for tightly estimating the ergodic capacity and outage probability of a Rayleigh channel with and without antenna combining for constellation constrained capacity. Researchers have determined methods for calculating the ergodic Shannon capacity for Rayleigh channels for single and multiple receive antenna systems. However, in practical communications systems, the input signal is constrained to a discrete signalling set such as finite-size quadrature amplitude modulation constellations. Under these conditions the ergodic constellation constrained capacity is a more accurate measure. Relatively loose bounds for the ergodic constellation constrained capacity of a Rayleigh channel have been exposited in the literature for a single antenna system. This paper details a method that provides a uniform expression for accurately estimating the ergodic capacity, both Shannon and constellation constrained, of Rayleigh channels with and without antenna combining. Expressions are derived using this method for both the noise limited and interference limited cases. These expressions facilitate straightforward computation of outage probability as well. To date, no other method for calculating the ergodic constellation constrained capacity of an interference limited Rayleigh channel or estimating the outage probabilities for the constellation constrained capacity of a noise limited or interference limited Rayleigh channel has been published.
Robust Bayesian Max-Margin Clustering (2014)

We present max-margin Bayesian clustering (BMC), a general and robust frame-work that incorporates the max-margin criterion into Bayesian clustering models, as well as two concrete models of BMC to demonstrate its flexibility and effective-ness in dealing with different clustering tasks. The Dirichlet process max-margin Gaussian mixture is a nonparametric Bayesian clustering model that relaxes the underlying Gaussian assumption of Dirichlet process Gaussian mixtures by in-corporating max-margin posterior constraints, and is able to infer the number of clusters from data. We further extend the ideas to present max-margin cluster-ing topic model, which can learn the latent topic representation of each document while at the same time cluster documents in the max-margin fashion. Extensive experiments are performed on a number of real datasets, and the results indicate superior clustering performance of our methods compared to related baselines. 1
Presence of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Cattle TickBoophilus microplusand in Epithelial Tissue Culture Cells ofChironomus tentans (1996)

A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has been demonstrated and partially characterized in larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Its properties are compared with mAChR from an epithelial cell line from the dipteran insect Chironomus tentans. Competition studies with cholinergic ligands of different specificity revealed the muscarinic nature of the cholinergic receptors investigated in both species. In homogenates from tick larvae, specific binding sites for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) with high affinity (1·2±(0·13) nM; Bmax 22·5 pmol mg protein−1) were detected that do not bind nicotinic compounds specifically. The estimated IC50 values for nicotine, imidacloprid and α-bungarotoxin were all in the mM range. Additionally, with tick larvae, high-affinity nicotinic binding sites were detected with [3H]nicotine which could be displaced by high concentrations of imidacloprid or QNB. The estimated IC50 values for nicotine, α-bungarotoxin, imidacloprid and QNB were 43(±8) nM, 0·8(±0·2) μM, 2·8(±0·6) μM and 78(±1·9) μM, respectively. With homogenates of the non-neuronal insect cell line from C. tentans, only high-affinity binding sites for [3H]QNB were found. Muscarinic antagonists selectively displaced [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding to tick larvae homogenates. The mAChR of B. microplus preferred pirenzepine (IC50 2·13(±1·02) μM) among different subtype-specific mAChR antagonists (4-DAMP had IC50 49·9(±9·13) μM and methoctramine had IC50 121(±14·2) μM) indicating a type of binding site similar to the vertebrate M1 mAChR subtype. The tick muscarinic receptor seems to be a G-protein-coupled receptor, as concluded from the 4·8-fold reduction in receptor affinity for binding of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine M upon treatment with the non-hydrolysable GTP-analogue γ-S-GTP. Binding data for the agonists oxotremorine M (IC50 71·3(±19·6) μM) and carbachol (IC50 253(±87·1) μM) parallel the biological efficacy of these compounds, in that, while oxotremorine M showed some activity against ticks, carbachol was ineffective.
High photosensitivity and nanometer-scale phase separation in GeO_2–SiO_2 glass thin films (1999)

Amorphous xGeO(2)-(1-x)SiO(2) thin films exhibit large negative index changes (4-8%) in the high GeO(2) region (x>~0.25) on irradiation with ArF laser pulses. The sign of the index change is opposite the low GeO(2) region X<0.25, and the magnitude of the index change is larger by an order of magnitude than that reported so far. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope observation has revealed that nanometer-scale phase separation is induced in these highly photosensitive glasses by irradiation with ArF excimer laser light pulses or electron beams. This is a first finding of microphase separation in SiO(2)-GeO(2) glasses by irradiation and provides an essential constraint on the modeling of photonic effects induced by irradiation in these glasses.
Cutting tool materials niobium carbide (NbC) substituting tungsten carbide and cermets (2018)

The present paper illuminates the metallurgical progress on niobium carbide based hard metal developments, which are characterized by: a.) the substitution of cobalt binder by nickel, b.) the change from SPS to conventional sintering and c.) by switching from lab to pilot scale. The toughness was increased in the frame of these developments without loosening the hardness level. The hardness-toughness profile of NbC grades match those of WC and cermet grades. Apart from the aforementioned parameters, the properties depend from the powder processing and sintering conditions. 
The functional profile of nickel and NiMo bonded NbC versus cobalt bondedWC grades bonded by cobalt and nickel are benchmarked under dry sliding wear (T= 22/400°C; v= 0,1-10 m/s), abrasive wear (G65) and under dry turning and dry milling against different work piece alloys (C45E, 42CrMo4, 300WA, GG35, AlSi9Cu4Mg). The different elements explaining the wear resistance of NbC over WC will be illuminated.
Identification of Human Tumor Antigens by Serological Analysis of Recombinant cDNA Expression Libraries (SEREX) (2005)

The structural definition of human tumor antigens recognized by the autologous host has been a long-standing challenge in tumor immunology. The growing list of human tumor antigens recognized by autologous antibodies or cytotoxic T lymphocytes provides convincing evidence for immune recognition of cancer by the host of origin, as well as attractive targets for vaccine-based approaches to cancer therapy. In this regard, an approach called SEREX (serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries) has broad applicability to the analysis of the humoral immune response to cancer antigens. This method involves immunoscreening cDNA libraries prepared from tumor specimens with sera from cancer patients in order to identify gene products recognized by IgG antibody. Clones identified by SEREX can be directly sequenced, providing immediate structural definition of the antigenic target, and their expression profiles can be readily determined, providing information regarding their tissue distribution. Application of this technique has led to the discovery of a number of provocative tumor antigens.