gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From impact to solidification in drop-on-demand metal additive manufacturing using MetalJet (2022)

Drop-on-demand metal jetting is a promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology that is gaining interest due to its capability to directly print complex single and multi-material components at high resolutions. It also has key advantages over other metal AM techniques, such as avoiding powder handling and extensive post-processing. In this method, parts are built via spatially controlled deposition of individual molten droplets onto a substrate. Therefore, the success of the process entirely depends on the behaviour of these single droplets from deposition to solidification including their interactions with the substrate, which is scarcely investigated to date. To fill this research gap, the in-house MetalJet platform was used to investigate the spreading and solidification of metallic micro-droplets at low Weber numbers. This was undertaken onto various substrates using a range of jetting and substrate temperatures through an integrated experimental, analytical, and computational approach. This study reports that increasing the substrate temperature enhanced the diffusion between the droplet and substrate, hence improving the bonding. Moreover, ripples forming on a droplet’s periphery during solidification disappeared at elevated substrate temperatures, resulting in improved inter-droplet bonding. Furthermore, the significant role of the substrate wettability and thermal properties, which control the droplet’s dynamics and solidification behaviour, respectively, is elucidated. This highlights the importance of substrate material selection using this technology. The results presented in this article underpin the optimal process conditions under which the 3D structures produced with this technology can exhibit reliable integrity and consistency. This represents a step forward in the direct metal printing of high resolution functional multi-material components.
Selenium Segregation in Femtosecond-Laser Hyperdoped Silicon Revealed by Electron Tomography (2013)

Doping of silicon with chalcogens (S, Se, Te) by femtosecond laser irradiation to concentrations well above the solubility limit leads to near-unity optical absorptance in the visible and infrared (IR) range and is a promising route toward silicon-based IR optoelectronics. However, open questions remain about the nature of the IR absorptance and in particular about the impact of the dopant distribution and possible role of dopant diffusion. Here we use electron tomography using a high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) detector in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to extract information about the three-dimensional distribution of selenium dopants in silicon and correlate these findings with the optical properties of selenium-doped silicon. We quantify the tomography results to extract information about the size distribution and density of selenium precipitates. Our results show correlation between nanoscale distribution of dopants and the observed sub-band gap optical absorptance and demonstrate the feasibility of HAADF-STEM tomography for the investigation of dopant distribution in highly-doped semiconductors.
Image Sensing Technology. Lens System with Optical Image Stabilization for 3CCD Camcorders. (2002)

An ultra small lens barrel with an optical image-stabilization function has been developed. The barrel has several lens groups, including the image-stabilization lens. Shifting the image-stabilization lens adjusts the optical axis to compensate for image fluctuation. The use of advanced technology to design the lens made it possible to minimize the occurrence of aberrations during image stabilization. A slide mechanism, along with precise arrangement of the hall sensors and magnets, is used to accurately position the image-stabilization lens. The frequency response achieved with this system is sufficient to compensate for image fluctuations while reducing the drive load.
Week-long operation of electrochemical aptamer sensors: New insights into self-assembled monolayer degradation mechanisms and solutions for stability in biofluid at body temperature (2022)

Conventional wisdom suggests that widely-utilized self-assembled alkylthiolate monolayers on gold are too unstable to last more than several days when exposed to complex fluids such as raw serum at body temperature. Demonstrated here is that these monolayers can not only last at least one week under such harsh conditions, but that significant applied value can be captured for continuous electrochemical aptamer biosensors. Electrochemical aptamer biosensors provide an ideal tool to investigate monolayer degradation, as aptamer sensors require a tightly-packed monolayer to preserve sensor signal versus background current and readily reveal fouling by albumin and other solutes when operating in biofluids. Week-long operation in serum at 37 ˚C is achieved by: (1) assembling monolayers on gold with roughness that promotes small alkylthiolate monolayer defect sizes; (2) increasing van der Waals interactions between adjacent monolayer molecules to increase the activation energy required for desorption; (3) optimizing electrochemical measurement to decrease both alkylthiolate oxidation and electric-field induced desorption; (4) mitigating fouling by using protective zwitterionic membranes and zwitterion-based blocking layers with antifouling properties. This work further proposes origins and mechanisms of monolayer degradation in a logical stepwise manner that was previously unobservable over multi-day time scales. Several of the observed results are surprising, revealing that short term improvements to sensor longevity (i.e., hours) actually increase sensor degradation in the longer term (i.e., days). The results and underlying insights on mechanisms not only push forward fundamental understanding of stability for self-assembled monolayers, but demonstrate an important milestone for continuous electrochemical aptamer biosensors.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Pneumococci: Determination of Kirby-Bauer Breakpoints for Penicillin G, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, and Rifampin (1979)

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pneumococci is now essential to monitor for the presence of resistance to agents such as the penicillins, macrolides, lincomycins, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. In this study, clinical isolates of a selection of resistant South African strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and by a modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique, using Mueller-Hinton medium supplemented with 5% horse blood. Disk diffusion breakpoints were determined for penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampin. Reliable results were obtained on disk diffusion for all these agents except for penicillin G. With 6-μg penicillin G disks, zones of strains with intermediate penicillin susceptibility overlapped those of sensitive and resistant strains. With 5-μg methicillin disks, clearer separation of strains based on susceptibility to penicillin G occurred. Strains with zones of &lt;35 mm around penicillin G disks and &lt;25 mm around methicillin disks should have penicillin G MICs determined to confirm their resistance to penicillin G. In view of the potential for pneumococci to be resistant to the agents used in this study, antimicrobial susceptibility of all clinically significant isolates should be determined.
Practical and Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Substituted Dihydropyridines and Piperidines:  Application to the Synthesis of (−)-Coniine (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationPractical and Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Substituted Dihydropyridines and Piperidines: Application to the Synthesis of (−)-ConiineAndré B. Charette, Michel Grenon, Alexandre Lemire, Mehrnaz Pourashraf, and Jonathan MartelView Author Information Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 47, 11829–11830Publication Date (Web):November 3, 2001Publication History Received21 September 2001Published online3 November 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja017136xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja017136xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4411Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Anions,Pyridines,Reagents,Salts Get e-Alerts
Solid-State17O NMR Characterization of PDMS−MxOy(M = Ge(IV), Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Nb(V), and Ta(V)) Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposites (2004)

PDMS−MxOy (where M = Ge(IV), Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Nb(V), and Ta(V)) hybrid materials have been studied from the solution to the solid state through 17O NMR spectroscopy. Si−O−Si, Si−O−M, and M−O−M oxo bridges could be identified, giving a better picture of the structure of these hybrid materials based on amorphous metal−oxo nanodomains embedded within the siloxane network. The quantitative accuracy of the spectra is investigated and the relative nanoscale phase separation depending on the nature of the metal is discussed.
Low-temperature polysilicon thin-film transistor driving with integrated driver for high-resolution light emitting polymer display (1999)

A high-resolution low-temperature polysilicon thin-film transistor driven light emitting polymer display (LT p-Si TFT LEPD) with integrated drivers has been developed. We adopted conductance control of the TFT and optimized design and voltage in order to achieve good gray scale and simple pixel circuit. A p-channel TFT is used in order to guarantee reliability in dc bias. An inter-layer reduces parasitic capacitance of bus lines. Because of the combination of the LT p-Si TFT and LEP, the display is thin, compact, and lightweight, as well as having low power consumption, wide viewing angle, and fast response.
A 24 GHz, 18 dBm fully integrated power amplifier in a 0.13&#x03BC;m SiGe HBT technology (2008)

A 24 GHz, +18.0 dBm fully-integrated power amplifier (PA) with 50 Omega input and output matching is designed in 0.13 mum SiGe BiCMOS process. The power amplifier features a peak power gain of 7.8 dB with 15.89 dBm output power at 1 dB compression and a maximum single-ended output power of +18.0 dBm with 25.9% of power-added efficiency (PAE). The power amplifier uses a single 1.8 V supply and was fully integrated (including matching elements and bias circuit). The matching networks use inductors and MIM capacitors for high integration purpose, the circuit occupies a small area of 0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (including pads and matching networks).
Elimination Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-infizierter Hepatozyten durch die Induktion mitochondrialer Apoptose-Signalwege (2010)

Eine chronische HBV-Infektion ist ein Hauptrisikofaktor für die Entstehung des hepatozellulären Karzinoms. Wir konnten bisher zeigen, dass eine HBV-Infektion Apoptose-Signalwege von Hepatozyten beeinflusst, und dass die Elimination infizierter Hepatozyten durch Apoptose erfolgt. Hier konnten wir in vivo nachweisen, dass ein intakter CD95 Apoptose-Signalweg essentiell für die Elimination HBV-infizierter Hepatozyten ist. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Rolle des intrinsischen Apoptose-Signalweges und insbesondere die beteiligten Moleküle/Proteine zu untersuchen.
Using Fenton's Reagent as a Polishing Step for Biologically Treated Landfill Leachate (2013)

Using Fenton's Reagent as a Polishing Step for Biologically Treated Landfill LeachateWhen discharged to publically owned treatment works (POTWs), landfill leachates can interfere with the installed treatment facilities. Biological treatment is ineffective for the removal of some of the bio-refractory organic matter, such as UV254 quenching substances and inorganic nitrogen species. Fenton's reagent treatment for biologically treated landfill...Author(s)Renzun ZhaoAbhinav GuptaJohn T. NovakDouglas Goldsmith CSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Oct, 2013ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864713813667601Volume / Issue2013 / 19Content sourceWEFTECCopyright2013Word count159
Reactivation of zeolite and oxide catalysts using nitrous oxide (1989)

A novel procedure for the removal of carbonaceous deposits from catalysts using nitrous oxide is described. The general applicability of this method is demonstrated for zeolites H-Y and H-ZSM-5, acid-treated clinoptilolite and supported tungsten oxide as catalysts for hex-1-ene cracking and methanol conversion reactions. The method is particularly effective for acid-treated clinoptilolite as this material cannot be successfully reactivated using a standard oxygen method. Additionally with zeolite H-Y the procedure permits total removal of the carbonaceous deposits, which cannot be readily achieved using oxygen. For the catalysts investigated, nitrous oxide exhibited a marked variation in its reactivation activity (acid treated clinoptilolite > H-Y > H-ZSM-5 > 10% WO3/Al2O3), a feature which is not observed with the standard oxygen reactivation procedure. Studies of N2O decomposition of both coked and uncoked catalysts demonstrate that the main process occurring during N2O reactivation is the direct oxidation of the coke deposit by molecular N2O. The reactivation efficacy observed is expressed in terms of (a) the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst and (b) the structure of coke deposit which has been studied using solid-state 13C magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Imaging with high-frequency annular arrays (2006)

Frederic Lizzi helped pioneer the use of high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) for ophthalmic imaging and disease diagnosis. A limitation of HFU single-element transducers is their limited depth-of-field (≊1 mm). One approach to improve the DOF for HFU applications is to use annular arrays. A five-element, 40-MHz annular array was developed for ophthalmic and small-animal imaging. The array consisted of a 9-μm PVDF film bonded to a patterned, copper-clad polyimide film. An experimental system was assembled to permit the digitization of radio-frequency (rf) data from the array. The rf data were collected from all transmit/receive ring pairs and the data were later postprocessed. The performance of the array was first validated with a wire phantom and then in vitro data were acquired from excised bovine eyes and a cadaver eye. In vivo data were acquired from an anesthetized rabbit and from mouse embryos. Image comparisons were made between rf data that had been summed with no delay corrections and rf data that had been processed with a synthetic-focusing algorithm. Synthetic-focus images showed a clear improvement in DOF in terms of image brightness and enhanced membrane and cavity-boundary definition. [This research was supported in part by grants from the NIH (EY014371 and NS038461).]
Limitations in the Use of Fluorescein Diacetate/Propidium Iodide (FDA/PI) and Cell Permeable Nucleic Acid Stains for Viability Measurements of Isolated Islets of Langerhans. (2008)

BACKGROUND: A review of current literature shows that the combined use of the cell permeable esterase-substrate fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and the cell impermeant nucleic acid stain propidium iodide (PI) to be one of the most common fluorescence-based methods to assess the viability of isolated islets of Langerhans, and it is currently used for islet product release prior to transplantation in humans. However, results from this assay do not correlate with islet viability and function or islet transplantation success in animals or humans (Eckhard et al. 2004; Ricordi et al. 2001). This may be in part attributed to considerable differences as well as discrepancies in the use of these reagents on islets. We critically surveyed the literature and evaluated the impact of a number of variables associated with the use of FDA/PI to determine their reliability in assessing islet cell viability. In addition, we evaluated other fluorescent stains, such as SYTO(R)13, SYTO(R)24 and SYBR(R)14 as possible alternatives to FDA. RESULTS: We found that the stability of stains in storage and stock solutions, the number of islets stained, concentration of stains, staining incubation time, the buffer/media used, and the method of examining islets were significant in the final scoring of viability. For archival file photos, the exposure time and camera/software settings can also impact interpretation of viability. Although our results show that FDA does detect intracellular esterase activity and staining with PI does assess cell membrane integrity, the results obtained from using these stains did not correlate directly with expected islet function and viability per transplantation into diabetic athymic nude mice (Papas et al. 2007). In addition, the use of two nucleic acid stains, such as SYTO(R)13 and PI, for live/dead scoring exhibited staining anomalies which limit their accuracy in assessing islet viability. CONCLUSIONS: From a review of the literature and from our observations on the impact of reagent handling and various staining and imaging parameters used to visually evaluate islets, consistent interpretation of islet cell membrane integrity and viability is dependent upon a number of factors. We discuss the utility and limitations of these reagents in evaluating islet cell membrane integrity and viability.
New generation cloud computing (2020)

We are pleased to present a special issue that focuses on the trends in the next generation of cloud computing. An obvious question that may arise in the mind of the reader is why another issue on clouds when there is plenty of discourse on the topic. Undoubtedly, the cloud computing landscape is rapidly changing to meet the challenges of emerging paradigms, such as Fog/Edge computing and the Internet-of-Things (IoT). These paradigms rely on services offered by the cloud but are demanding—need to scale for billions of heterogeneous devices and sensors while operating efficiently in real-time. In conventional cloud computing, all data is transmitted to data centers where it is processed and stored. The rate of expansion of data centers across the globe raises energy concerns and calls for innovative solutions to make data center computing sustainable. With billions of devices getting connected there is an urgent need for more pragmatic solutions that alleviate network congestion and reduces latencies that maintain and even improve the overall Quality-of-Service and Quality-of-Experience. Some of the new trends seen in cloud computing over the last couple of years include computing at the edge of the network outside centralized data centers, redesigning/reconfiguring data centers for optimized execution of workloads, using heterogeneous processors, such as hardware accelerators in the cloud for faster application execution, and novel applications finding new generation clouds to satisfy their requirements. These articles provide new definitions, architectures and approaches that have evolved from current clouds to accommodate the emerging computing paradigms and workloads. They address challenges across multiple dimensions of scalability, management, reliability, sustainability, heterogeneity and security. We trust that you will find this special issue truly enjoyable and informative.
Does body mass index impact the outcomes of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy? (2013)

We identified 268 patients who fulfilled study requirements. The overall stone-free and complication rates were 52.5% and 19.0%, respectively. Minor and severe complication comprised 10.4% and 8.6%, respectively. Univariate and multivariable analyses showed no association between BMI and stone-free or complication rates. However, patients with a normal BMI had significantly higher transfusion rates (P = 0.005), and were significantly more likely to have a prolonged LOS (≥2 days), when compared with an overweight BMI (P = 0.032) CONCLUSIONS: BMI did not impact the stone-free, or complication rates of tubeless PCNL. Normal BMI was found to be a risk factor for prolonged LOS, which may be due to an increase in clinically significant bleeding in this patient population. Tubeless PCNL appears to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of complex renal calculi, independent of BMI.
Characterization of benzimidazole and other oxidative and conjugative metabolites of brimonidinein vitroand in ratsin vivousing on-line H/D exchange LC-MS/MS and stable-isotope tracer techniques (2006)

The characterization of brimonidine metabolites presents some challenges since brimonidine and its metabolites generate few structurally informative fragment ions in the LC-MS/MS spectra. The objective of the current study is to use on-line hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange LC-MS/MS and stable-isotope tracer techniques to further characterize unknown brimonidine metabolites in vitro and in vivo. Brimonidine and D4-brimonidine were co-incubated in rat and human microsomes and rabbit aldehyde oxidase in vitro. In addition, the urine was collected from rats co-administered orally with brimonidine and D4-brimonidine. The hepatic microsomal and urinary metabolites were then characterized by H/D LC-MS/MS system. In addition to previously characterized 2-oxobrimonidine, 3-oxobrimonidine and 2,3-dioxobrimonidine, the results show that oxidation occurs at quinoxaline ring producing oxo-hydroxybrimonidine and hydroxyquinoxaline metabolites. The hydroxyquinoxaline metabolite was only observed in microsomal incubations with hydroxylation at the 7- or 8- position. The dehydro-hydroxybrimonidine metabolites were characterized as 2-oxo or 3-oxo -4', 5'-dehydrobrimonidine. A novel metabolite ((4-bromo-lH-benzoimidazol-5-yl)-imidazolidin-2-ylidene-amine) of benzimidazole derivative of brimonidine in rats in vivo was identified and confirmed with reference standard. In conclusion, on-line H/D exchange LC-MS/MS and stable-isotope tracer techniques are useful for the characterization of brimonidine metabolites.