gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oil Sands Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process Water Sample Aging during Long-Term Storage (2015)

Technology development activities are routinely performed using process water samples collected and stored for several months while tests are being conducted. The results of the technology development activities are highly correlated to the water composition and properties. Processes such as atmospheric oxygen contamination, microbiological activity, and ultraviolet (UV) oxidation have the potential to act on a sample during long-term storage and modify the properties that may be relevant to technology development testing. These changes are referred to as “aging”. Process water samples collected from a steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) bitumen production plant were subjected to different storage conditions and monitored for nearly 5 months. The sample organic composition and physical characteristics of the water were found to be highly dependent upon storage conditions, particularly atmospheric oxygen exposure. Oxygen exposure appeared to drive abiotic polymerization and precipitation of phenolic species and promote aerobic microbiological activity. These results highlight the importance of excluding oxygen from the sample during collection and storage activities. Sample aging must be accounted for in technology development testing activities.
Reinforcement Learning Augmented Optimization for Smart Mobility (2019)

Many mobility applications in smart cities are addressed as optimization problems. However, often, these problems are fragile due to their large-scale and non-convex nature, and also due to uncertainties arising because of human activity. In this paper, we apply a model-based Markov-decision-process (MDP) closed-loop identification algorithm to augment classical optimizers, with a view to alleviating this fragility. Specifically, we use deterministic optimal solutions provided by classical optimizers as initial guesses for MDP's policies, which are then "amended" as a result of online interaction with the environment to cope with uncertainty. Applications are described from niche of smart mobility problems, and numerical results are provided.
Introduction (2008)

introduction Introduction Authors: Roel Vertegaal Queen's University in Ontario, Canada Queen's University in Ontario, CanadaView Profile , Ivan Poupyrev Sony Computer Science Labs, Inc. in Tokyo, Japan Sony Computer Science Labs, Inc. in Tokyo, JapanView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 51Issue 6June 2008 pp 26–30https://doi.org/10.1145/1349026.1349033Published:01 June 2008Publication History 88citation2,435DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations88Total Downloads2,435Last 12 Months42Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Strongly Improved Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Biocomposites by PCL Grafting inside Holocellulose Wood Fibers (2020)

Chemical wood cellulose fiber modification is performed with the purpose to improve compatibility and induce nanofibrillation of fibers during melt compounding of thermoplastic biocomposites. Compounding of well-dispersed cellulose nanocomposites based on biodegradable polymers is challenging and commonly requires separate processes for wood fiber fibrillation into cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), followed by compounding. Here, nanostructured biocomposites based on poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and holocellulose wood fibers (HC) were melt compounded in a single step. Prior to compounding, PCL was grafted from the HC fibers by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of εCL with three different polymer graft lengths. The grafting was performed by two different methods: the commonly used bulk method and a new approach using acetic acid (AcOH) as the reaction solvent to swell the fiber structure during grafting. Remarkably, AcOH as a swelling solvent resulted in high density of grafts inside the nanostructure and throughout the volume of the HC wood cellulose fibers. As a consequence, more pronounced defibrillation of fibers into CNF during compounding as well as more uniform CNF dispersion in the thermoplastic PCL matrix was observed. In contrast, fibers grafted under bulk conditions showed little grafting and weak reinforcement effects. The Young's modulus and strength of the PCL were improved by almost 60% with the addition of only 5 wt % fibers, and the toughness was improved by 67%. The results show a close connection between the graft structure and final material properties.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends 1-3, References from Genome-wide Methylation Analysis Identifies Genes Specific to Breast Cancer Hormone Receptor Status and Risk of Recurrence (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 99K&lt;/p&gt;
Classification of cardiac adipose tissue using spectral analysis of ultrasound radiofrequency backscatter (2019)

Cardiac Adipose Tissue (CAT) is a type of visceral fat that is deposited between the myocardium and pericardium. An increased volume of CAT has been recognized as a crucial contributor to cardiovascular and coronary artery diseases. This tissue is a metabolically active organ that affects the cardiac functioning by secreting inflammatory adipokines making it a hazard when present in excess amounts. Quantifying CAT, therefore, can be an important factor in understanding the level of cardiovascular risk. The study presented in this paper investigates the use of frequency content from echocardiography and spectral analysis techniques in differentiating three different cardiac tissue types, including the adipose tissue. Thirteen spectral parameters were computed from the power spectrum of the radio frequency data in three different bandwidth ranges, including 3, 6 and 20 dB. Autoregressive models of order 4 were used as they provide effective estimates of the power spectrum for short-time data. The derived spectral parameters were used in generating random forests for tissue classification. Out of the total 175 ROIs available, 70% of the data was divided into training data and the remaining used as test data. The random forest classifier with 50 classification trees resulted in an overall accuracy of 92.4%, sensitivity of 91.1%, specificity of 93.9%, and Youden’s index of 0.85 for a 20dB bandwidth. This result demonstrates the potential of echocardiography and spectral analysis techniques in differentiating CAT, myocardium, and blood.
Deaeration Device Study for a Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper investigates the development of a deaeration device to remove nitrogen from the hydraulic fluid in hydraulic hybrid vehicles (HHVs). HHVs, which use accumulators to store and recycle energy, can significantly reduce vehicle emissions in urban delivery vehicles. In accumulators, nitrogen behind a piston cylinder or inside a bladder pressurizes an incompressible fluid. The permeation of the nitrogen through the rubber bladder into the hydraulic fluid limits the efficiency and reliability of the HHV system, since the pressure drop in the hydraulic fluid can in turn cause cavitation on pump components and excessive noise in the system. The nitrogen bubbles within the hydraulic fluid may be removed through the employment of commercial bubble eliminators if the bubbles are larger than a certain threshold. However, gas is also dissolved within the hydraulic fluid; therefore, novel design is necessary for effective deaeration in the fluid HHV circuit. The following study employs a deaeration apparatus in parallel to the low pressure accumulator. Through an orifice, the pressure of hydraulic fluid is dropped to atmospheric to allow nitrogen bubbles to form coalesce and be separated from the hydraulic fluid. A screen mesh was added to slow down the flow of the foamy liquid and facilitate separation of bubbles. The nitrogen concentration in the hydraulic fluid before and after deaeration was evaluated using a Van Slyke device. A systematic study revealed that the screen did not have much effect; rather, the key variable was the pressure difference across the orifice. At typical operating conditions (690 kPa, with 138 kPa saturation in the low pressure accumulator), the concentration of nitrogen is reduced by 68±1%, dropping the concentration level to less than that of fluid saturated at atmospheric pressure.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
In Silico Ascription of Gene Expression Differences to Tumor and Stromal Cells in a Model to Study Impact on Breast Cancer Outcome (2010)

Breast tumors consist of several different tissue components. Despite the heterogeneity, most gene expression analyses have traditionally been performed without prior microdissection of the tissue sample. Thus, the gene expression profiles obtained reflect the mRNA contribution from the various tissue components. We utilized histopathological estimations of area fractions of tumor and stromal tissue components in 198 fresh-frozen breast tumor tissue samples for a cell type-associated gene expression analysis associated with distant metastasis. Sets of differentially expressed gene-probes were identified in tumors from patients who developed distant metastasis compared with those who did not, by weighing the contribution from each tumor with the relative content of stromal and tumor epithelial cells in their individual tumor specimen. The analyses were performed under various assumptions of mRNA transcription level from tumor epithelial cells compared with stromal cells. A set of 30 differentially expressed gene-probes was ascribed solely to carcinoma cells. Furthermore, two sets of 38 and five differentially expressed gene-probes were mostly associated to tumor epithelial and stromal cells, respectively. Finally, a set of 26 differentially expressed gene-probes was identified independently of cell type focus. The differentially expressed genes were validated in independent gene expression data from a set of laser capture microdissected invasive ductal carcinomas. We present a method for identifying and ascribing differentially expressed genes to tumor epithelial and/or stromal cells, by utilizing pathologic information and weighted t-statistics. Although a transcriptional contribution from the stromal cell fraction is detectable in microarray experiments performed on bulk tumor, the gene expression differences between the distant metastasis and no distant metastasis group were mostly ascribed to the tumor epithelial cells of the primary breast tumors. However, the gene PIP5K2A was found significantly elevated in stroma cells in distant metastasis group, compared to stroma in no distant metastasis group. These findings were confirmed in gene expression data from the representative compartments from microdissected breast tissue. The method described was also found to be robust to different histopathological procedures.
Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Pd Nanocrystals:  Factors Influencing a Kinetic- or Thermodynamic-Controlled Growth Regime (2007)

Palladium nanoparticles with defined morphologies were synthesized using a seed-mediated approach in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). This seeding technique, already applied to Ag and Au nanostructures, was successfully extended here to Pd, a noble metal with important applications in catalysis. Various types of morphologies were obtained going from 0-D nanocrystals (cubes, icosahedral multiply twinned particles) to 1-D (nanorods) and 2-D nanocrystals (triangular nanosheets). Palladium nanorods were obtained in a relatively high yield and present a well-defined 5-fold symmetry similar to that reported previously for Ag and Au. Embedding the PdCl42- precursor inside CTAB micelles was found to be a key parameter to decrease the rate of reduction of palladium and to allow a better kinetic-controlled growth regime, favoring the formation of nanorods. Shifting the experimental conditions to a thermodynamic-controlled growth regime also selectively led to the formation of cubic (∼80%) or icosahedral (∼100%) particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparative Biotransformations: The Employment of Enzymes and Whole‐Cells in Synthetic Organic Chemistry (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solving automotive challenges with Electronics (2008)

The automotive industry is challenged by strong and often contradictory forces: environment protection, sustainability, safety, quality, fun to drive, fashion, comfort, and of course cost effectiveness. The integration of new functions and features in to the car are often enabled by electronics. This holds true for all the major application fields; whether powertrain, safety management, body and convenience or infotainment. Electronics is giving new opportunities to improve energy efficiency and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> reduction. The domain approach allows consolidation of functions into fewer electronic control super units. The automotive industry is intelligently using standardization as a means to manage the increasing vehicle complexity. The successful implementation and the high penetration of car electronics across all different vehicle classes are strongly dependent on three major aspects: productivity, quality and innovation. These parameters affect all parties of the automotive electronics value chain, with an especially significant contribution from the semiconductor industry. There are many important questions that have to be dealt with in this context: how can a continuous productivity improvement be achieved to support further penetration of car electronics where Moore's law is slowing down? How can the component quality provide the desired zero defect rate when the complexity of automotive electronic systems is so rapidly increasing? How can innovations be guaranteed considering the very tough financial boundaries on the component level? And how can automotive long-term product delivery be fulfilled? The presenter will propose answers to these questions from the perspective of Europe's largest automotive semiconductor supplier.
Everything works? Bangladeshi patients' evaluation of informal medical care quality is independent of treatment quality (2017)

Background: 
Medical overuse - the provision of ineffective or unnecessary medical care - is a globally important problem. In low income countries like Bangladesh where much primary care is administered by practitioners without formal training and is free from regulatory oversight, the problem may be particularly acute. The objective of this project was to examine the psychological processes which may shape medical overuse in rural Bangladesh. We hypothesise that feedback from patients to medical practitioners about treatment effectiveness is positively biased. 

Methods.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 41 informal primary care practitioners and 241 of their patients. Exit questionnaires with patients assessed symptoms and the treatment administered. At follow-up 7 to 10 days later, the patient was interviewed again and self-reported recovery, satisfaction with care, and feedback to practitioner were measured. A medical doctor assessed each drug for appropriateness using established guidelines. 
Results.
Of the 550 drugs administered, 50.00% were judged to be inappropriate yet most patients (89.76%) were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment. An ordinal logistic regression suggested that satisfaction with treatment at follow-up was predicted by patient recovery (OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 2.01 to 4.85) but not by treatment appropriateness (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.34). 

Conclusion 
Medical overuse is common in this setting. Results are consistent with the suggestion this is driven in part by the misattribution of recovery to the treatment rather than to regression to mean / natural recovery. This attribution error may perpetuate medical overuse.
Correction to “Zwitterionic Polydopamine/Protein G Coating for Antibody Immobilization: Toward Suppression of Nonspecific Binding in Immunoassays” (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Zwitterionic Polydopamine/Protein G Coating for Antibody Immobilization: Toward Suppression of Nonspecific Binding in Immunoassays"Jihyun ByunJihyun ByunMore by Jihyun Byun, Soojeong ChoSoojeong ChoMore by Soojeong Cho, Jeong MoonJeong MoonMore by Jeong Moon, Hongki KimHongki KimMore by Hongki Kim, Hyunju KangHyunju KangMore by Hyunju Kang, Juyeon JungJuyeon JungMore by Juyeon Jung, Eun-Kyung LimEun-Kyung LimMore by Eun-Kyung Limhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-3700, Jinyoung JeongJinyoung JeongMore by Jinyoung Jeonghttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-3958, Hyun Gyu ParkHyun Gyu ParkMore by Hyun Gyu Parkhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9978-3890, Woo Kyung Cho*Woo Kyung ChoMore by Woo Kyung Chohttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1370-4720, and Taejoon Kang*Taejoon KangMore by Taejoon Kanghttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-6458Cite this: ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2020, 3, 8, 5454Publication Date (Web):August 3, 2020Publication History Published online3 August 2020Published inissue 17 August 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsabm.0c00886https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00886correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views726Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (527 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Acute toxicity outcomes and dosimetric implications from incidental irradiation of adjacent tissues in tangent field hypofractionated breast radiotherapy (2020)

For HF-WBI, doses to nTIB over the prescription predicted acute toxicities independent of breast doses. These data support inclusion of TIB as a region of interest in treatment planning and protocol design.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Caspase-8 Promotes Cell Motility and Calpain Activity under Nonapoptotic Conditions (2023)

Supplementary Figure S3 from Caspase-8 Promotes Cell Motility and Calpain Activity under Nonapoptotic Conditions
New calorimetric power transistor soft-switching loss measurement based on accurate temperature rise monitoring (2017)

Modern GaN and SiC power semiconductors require new experimental methods for determining switching losses as the widely accepted double-pulse-test (DPT) fails to accurately capture the dissipated energy during a switching transition because of electrical measurement limitations imposed by the very fast switching of WBG devices. In this paper, a new calorimetric measurement principle which relies on temperature rise monitoring of an aluminum heat sink during continuous operation of the attached power semiconductor is presented. Unlike traditional calorimetric methods, a single measurement can be performed in minutes. Using the proposed measurement principle, a soft-switching performance evaluation of selected 600 V GaN, SiC and Si power transistors is provided.
Purine salvage rescue by xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (XGPRT) potentiates methotrexate resistance conferred by transfer of a mutated dihydrofolate reductase gene. (1998)

We have previously shown that successful gene transfer of a mutated dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cDNA confers resistance to methotrexate (MTX) upon infected cells. We constructed a retrovirus vector, DC/SV6S31GPT, which carries both the Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene and the mutated Serine 31 DHFR gene. Mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells infected with DC/SV6S31 GPT are more resistant to MTX than cells infected with DC/SV6S31, which carries the Serine 31 DHFR and the neomycin resistance gene cDNA. The mechanism of this augmented resistance is the increased salvaging of purines due to expression of xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, as the augmentation does not occur when dialyzed serum, containing little xanthine or guanine, is used for cytotoxicity assays. These results indicate that coexpression of a metabolically related gene can potentiate the resistance carried by a drug resistance gene. This vector may be useful in clinical gene therapy to protect bone marrow from the toxic effects of MTX.
Dissecting the mechanisms responsible for the generation of regulatory versus pathogenic human CD4+ T cells by TLR9-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (2020)

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms underlying how regulatory and pathogenic CD4+ T cells are generated will accelerate therapeutic target identification in autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), where this balance is altered. We recently described that in vitro priming of naïve CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) activated with either CpGA or Oxidized mitochondrial DNA (Ox mtDNA) leads to the generation of Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) or of a novel T helper subset (Th10 cells), respectively. Th10 cells are expanded in the blood of SLE patients and accumulate within the tubuloinsterstitial areas of proliferative nephritis (PLN) lesions. These cells produce IL10 and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) as the result of reverse electron transport (RET) fueled by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate succinate. Functionally, Th10 cells are not suppressive, but they provide B cell help through the synergistic effect of IL10 and succinate. The mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of a regulatory versus a helper phenotype remain elusive. We now show that naïve CD4+ T cells require the activation of the Delta Like Canonical Notch Ligand 4 (Dll4)-Notch pathway in order to acquire a TH10 phenotype. Conversely, the TLR7-IRF7 pathway is necessary for the generation of Tr1 cells. These pathways might be exploited for therapeutic intervention in human autoimmune diseases.