gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is transformation associated with an increased error frequency in mammalian cells? (1982)

Acute starvation of mammalian cells for amino acids results in translational errors that may be detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using this as an assay for error frequency in mammalian cells, we investigated the hypothesis that neoplastic transformation was associated with an increased error frequency which in turn leads to an increased mutation rate and a decreased efficiency of regulatory controls (phenomena of tumor progression). Although we found that transformation was not always associated with an increased level of mistranslation we showed that SV40 transformation increased the level of translational errors in all cell types tested.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Enhanced Delivery of SN-38 to Human Tumor Xenografts with an Anti-Trop-2–SN-38 Antibody Conjugate (Sacituzumab Govitecan) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In vitro stability of IMMU-132 in mouse serum and measurement of IMMU-132 clearance from mouse serum, with PK parameters.&lt;/p&gt;
Ground to satellite secure key exchange using quantum cryptography (2002)

We examine the possibility of secure key exchange between a ground station and a low earth orbit satellite using the technique of quantum cryptography. The study suggests there are no technical obstacles to building a system that could exchange keys at kilobaud rates between a metre diameter telescope on the ground and a satellite with a 10 cm diameter lightweight telescope.
Measurement of the cable-pulley Coulomb and viscous friction for a cable-driven surgical robotic system (2015)

In this paper we present experimentally obtained cable-pulley Coulomb and viscous friction for cable-driven surgical robotic systems including the RAVEN II surgical robotic research platform. In the study of controlling cable-driven systems a simple mathematical model which does not capture physical behavior well is often employed. Even though control of such systems is achievable without an accurate model, fully understanding the behavior of the system will potentially realize more robust control. A surgical robot is one of the systems that often relies on cables as an actuation method as well as pulleys to guide them. Systems with such structure encounter frictional force related to conditions of cable and pulley such as cable velocity, tension, type and number of pulley, and angle of cable wrapping around pulley. Using a couple of test platforms that incorporate cable, pulleys, and other experimental conditions corresponding to the RAVEN II system, it is shown that cable-pulley friction is function of tension, wrap angle, and number of pulleys and not of magnitude of cable velocity.
Robotic upright stand trainer (RobUST) and postural control in individuals with spinal cord injury (2022)

RobUST established a safe and challenging standing environment for individuals with SCI and has the potential to improve training paradigms and assessments of standing postural control.
Influence of Trace Amounts of Sulfur on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Directionally Solidified Ni-Based Superalloy GTD-111 (2022)

The influence of trace amounts of sulfur (S) on the microstructural evolution, tensile and creep properties in directionally solidified (DS) Ni-based superalloy GTD-111 were systematically investigated. Doping of S in the range of &lt; 1 to 154 ppm resulted in the formation of a Ti2SC-type carbosulfide phase near the coarse eutectic γ/γ and η (eta, Ni3Ti) phases in interdendritic regions and grain boundaries (GB). The morphology of the Ti2SC was found to change from discrete particles to curved and elongated (film-like) shapes with increasing S content. The measurement of GB line fractions revealed that the GB fraction of Ti2SC increases with S content and reaches about 20% in 154 ppm S alloy. Tensile test results showed that the tensile properties at room temperature were not influenced by S doping, while the tensile elongation at 650-980 oC significantly decreased with increasing S content. The creep life and rupture elongation were also found to decrease with S content. The normalized creep life of 154 ppm S alloy was only in the 69%-74% range, compared to that of &lt; 1 ppm S alloy. Careful microstructural observation of the fracture surface and longitudinal section of the creep ruptured 154 ppm S alloy revealed that Ti2SC plays a significant role in crack formation at the matrix γ/ Ti2SC interface, and leads to brittle facet-like traces on the fracture surface. It was concluded from these results that the formation of film-like Ti2SC in high S alloys might be responsible for the reduction in creep life and rupture elongation of DS GTD-111 alloy.
Safety and Activity of Varlilumab, a Novel and First-in-Class Agonist Anti-CD27 Antibody, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (2017)

Purpose CD27, a costimulatory molecule on T cells, induces intracellular signals that mediate cellular activation, proliferation, effector function, and cell survival upon binding to its ligand, CD70. Varlilumab is a novel, first-in-class, agonist CD27 antibody that stimulates the CD27 pathway, which results in T-cell activation and antitumor activity in tumor models. This first-in-human, dose-escalation and expansion study evaluated the safety, pharmacology, and activity of varlilumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods In a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design (n = 25), patients received a single dose of varlilumab (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 10 mg/kg intravenously) with a 28-day observation, followed by up to five multidose cycles (one dose per week for 4 weeks), depending on tumor response. Expansion cohorts were initiated at 3.0 mg/kg in patients with melanoma (n = 16) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC; n = 15). Primary objectives were to assess the safety and the maximum tolerated and optimal biologic doses of varlilumab. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical antitumor activity of varlilumab. Results Exposure to varlilumab was linear and dose proportional across dose groups. Only one patient experienced a dose-limiting toxicity-grade 3 transient asymptomatic hyponatremia at the 1.0-mg/kg dose level. Treatment-related adverse events were generally grade 1 or 2 in severity. Evidence of biologic activity consistent with CD27 stimulation-chemokine induction, T-cell stimulation, regulatory T cell depletion-was observed at all dose levels. A patient with metastatic RCC experienced a partial response (78% shrinkage, progression-free survival > 2.3 years). Eight patients experienced stable disease > 3 months, including a patient with metastatic RCC with progression-free survival of > 3.9 years. Conclusion Dose escalation of varlilumab to 10 mg/kg was well tolerated without identification of a maximum tolerated dose. Varlilumab was biologically and clinically active.
Abstract 5406: The CendR pathway: A novel cell penetration and transcytosis pathway regulated by nutrient availability (2014)

Abstract Transport of molecules across the vascular wall, through tissue, and into target cells plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. We previously described a novel class of tumor-targeting peptides (CendR peptides) that penetrate into cells and tumor tissue through an as yet incompletely characterized transport pathway initiated by peptide binding to neuropilin-1 (NRP1). This pathway has shown promise in enhancing drug delivery into tumors. Here we perform a genome-wide RNAi screen to identify components responsible for cell penetration of CendR peptides. We show that the binding of CendR peptides to NRP1 initiates a novel endocytic process that depends on a subset of genes and a transport route distinct from those of known endocytic pathways. Strikingly, we found the internalization of CendR peptides to be controlled by nutrient-sensing and cell growth-regulatory pathways. Nutrient deprivation stimulated the cell penetration and intercellular transport of CendR peptides, both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest a physiological role for CendR pathway in nutrient sensing and transport. The ability to activate this pathway with peptides provides immediate applications to drug delivery. Citation Format: Hong-Bo Pang, Gary B. Braun, Tomas Friman, Pedro Aza-Blanc, Manuel E. Ruidiaz, Kazuki N. Sugahara, Tambet Teesalu, Erkki Ruoslahti. The CendR pathway: A novel cell penetration and transcytosis pathway regulated by nutrient availability. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5406. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5406
Functional Anatomy of Human Brainstem using resting state fMRI (2020)

The brainstem engages in various brain functions. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of its underlying functional organization. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed 222300 fMRI scans of 62 subjects acquired at the HCP-7 Tesla project. We applied the instantaneous parcellation analysis (ICP) method and determined a reliable, reproducible, and stable functional anatomy of the brainstem. The results reveal that stable multi-scale functional anatomy exists in the brainstem. The spatial rich functional anatomy enables neuroscientists to better characterize brainstem organization and understand its function and role in various brain disorders.
Energy storage management control based on supercapacitors using a modular multilevel inverter topology for electrical vehicles (2013)

The paper suggests a power traction converter for battery electrical vehicles (BEV) based on a modular multilevel topology integrated with supercapacitor energy storage system (ESS). The relevant contribution is given by the integration of a control method for mitigating the ac voltage fluctuation at low speed operation, with an energy management control strategy. Some numerical simulations referring to a 400 V, 37 kW traction drive is presented in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controls.
A Comparison of Valving Strategies Appropriate for Multimode Combustion Within a Downsized Boosted Automotive Engine—Part II: Mid Load Operation Within the SACI Combustion Regime (2014)

Spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) is a combustion mode that may offer significant efficiency improvements compared to conventional spark-ignited combustion systems. Unfortunately, SACI is constrained to a relatively narrow range of dilution levels and top dead center temperatures. Both positive valve overlap (PVO) and negative valve overlap (NVO) strategies may be utilized to attain these conditions at low and intermediate engine loads. The current work compares 1D thermodynamic simulations of PVO valving strategies and a baseline NVO strategy in a downsized boosted automotive engine with variable valve timing capability. As future downsized boosted engines may employ multiple combustion modes, the goal of this work is the definition of valving strategies appropriate for SACI combustion at low to moderate loads and spark ignition (SI) combustion at moderate to high loads for an engine with fixed camshaft profiles. PVO durations, valve opening timings, and peak lifts are investigated at low to moderate loads and are compared to a baseline NVO configuration in order to assess valving strategies appropriate for multimode combustion operation. A valvetrain kinematic model is used to translate the desired valve lift profiles into camshaft profiles while a kinematic analysis is used to calculate piston to valve clearances and to define the practical limits of the PVO strategies. The NVO and PVO strategies are also compared to throttled SI operation at part load to assess the overall efficiency benefit of operating under the thermodynamic conditions of the SACI combustion regime. While the results of this study are engine specific, there are several camshaft profiles that are appropriate for the use of PVO rebreathing type valve events. For the range of PVO valve events examined and taking into consideration piston to valve interference, the use of high exhaust and low intake lifts with early exhaust valve opening timing and long PVO durations enables high levels of internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with relatively low pumping losses.
PZT Ferroelectric Synapse TFT With Multi-Level of Conductance State for Neuromorphic Applications (2021)

To fundamentally solve the bottleneck of Von Neumann’s computing architecture, a neuromorphic thin-film transistor (NTFT) employing Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) was investigated. The indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) channel back gate TFT structure was chosen to solve the diffusion of atoms that form a channel layer during the annealing process for crystallization of PZT. A post-deposition process with IGZO after annealing PZT and using an oxide-based material as a channel structure can minimize the diffusion phenomenon of junction materials and oxygen together, which leads to a high and reliable performance of the NTFT. The basic operations of synapses short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) were also analyzed to confirm the application of a neuromorphic device. The high dielectric constant and polarization properties of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) allow the power consumption of spike signals used in spike dependent plasticity change to be reduced to 10 pJ. Moreover, a wide dynamic range of Gmax / Gmin ≅ 1000 was obtained, and the channel conductance was maintained over 40000 seconds. The optimized pulse achieved multi-level states (>32), which made the learning process efficient. This study verified that the PZT-TFT structure has a high potential and merits for neuromorphic devices.
Molecular Approaches to the Role of the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2006)

The microbiota plays a crucial role in experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease, but the exact mechanisms of its effects are unknown. These studies took two molecular approaches to this question. The first used amplification of the 16s ribosomal DNA to define microbial diversity in the colon. Although there were differences in colitic and non-colitic mice, we could not determine whether this was primary or secondary to the disease. The second approach used serologic expression cloning to identify the microbial proteins stimulating the pathogenic immune response. Previously unknown microbial flagellins were the dominant cluster of antigens identified. About half of the sera from patients with Crohn's disease have IgG antibodies to these flagellins.
Inflammation and Allergy Drug Design (2011)

Inflammation and allergy drug design , Inflammation and allergy drug design , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Performance evaluation of the thin-type four-axis force/moment sensor as two-times model for the robot hand&#x2019;s fingertip (2008)

A multi-axis force/moment sensor that can measure force and moment is helpful for robotic force control. But the smallest multi-axis force/moment sensor has oversized height and worsens the stability of tasks. So the development is expected of a thin-type multi-axis force/moment sensor enabling a robot hand to grasp an object as if it were human. Therefore, we aim to develop a thin-type four-axis force/moment sensor that can be mounted on the finger cushion in this study. We obtained sufficient sensitivities concerning each axial direction as a result of sensitivity evaluation based on finite element analysis and a characteristics test applied to determined positions of strain gauges.
Anguille Marine, a Deepsea-Fan Reservoir Offshore Gabon: From Geology to Stochastic Modelling (1992)

ABSTRACT The ANGUILLE MARINE field has been produced for 25 years. Implementation of water injection soon revealed complex reservoir mechanisms controlled by severe sedimentary heterogeneities. The ANGUILLE Formation has been deposited in a deep-sea-fan environment (slope apron) with a low sand/shale ratio. In such an environment, the geometry of sandbodies controls the reservoir connectivity. Knowledge of this parameter is therefore critical in understanding flow mechanisms. This paper deals with a multi-scale analysis of the heterogeneities (5 scales were studied), and the research of the best way to represent all the scales in the 3D modelling. Sequence stratigraphy principles are applied successfully and allow the reconstitution of the ANGUILLE Formation history. In each defined time unit, a sequence analysis log data is used to divide the reservoir into four main types of turbiditic geometries (channels, lobes, slumps, laminated facies). Isovalue maps of lobe and channel frequency slow clearly the paleo-directions of sediment supply. These, together with the well data, constrained the generation of fine 3D models of heterogeneities (more than 2 millions gridblocks) using geostatistical techniques. The generated models proved to efficiently represent the reservoir, as confirmed by the drilling of a new well in the northern part of the field, and by the results of the full-field flow simulations. An attemptto use more precise sedimentary bodies dimensions in the matching of the actual data was carried out, and proved that this characteristic could become one of the usable parameter to match the reservoir performance.
Carbon Labeling : A quantitative study of what the preferred content, design and layout is among Swedish consumers (2020)

Global warming has been a topic of discussion since the discovery that man-made greenhouse gas emissions is having an affect on the planet almost 50 years ago. Grocery products stand for roughly one third of all EUs carbon emissions as a result of its highvolume production. Carbon labeling is a tool in which retailers and manufacturers can communicate the amount has caused throughout its whole life cycle or that the they are working towards lowering their GHG emission throughout their organization. However, previous research indicates that carbon labels has not yet had its breakthrough moment yet due to the CO2e data is too complex for the consumers to interpret. This led to our research question “What is the preferred content, design and layout of a carbon label among Swedish consumers? “The purpose of this study is to get a deeper understanding into the preferences of the Swedish consumers and what kind of attributes they are looking for to make a carbon label understandable. We found that the Swedish consumer prefers a more complex design than previous studies have suggested based on researches made from other countries. In order to do our explanatory research, we measured these variables with a quantitative survey and made statistical calculations such as mean values and correlation analysis to see if our hypotheses were supported. The analysis shows that the Swedish consumers prefer all the following attributes that is being presented in an order of priority: The label should be colour coded, made by a well-known organization, presented in terms of scale and have the CO2e data presented on the label.
Simultaneous antisense inhibition of two starch-synthase isoforms in potato tubers leads to accumulation of grossly modified amylopectin (1999)

A chimaeric antisense construct was used to reduce the activities of the two major starch-synthase isoforms in potato tubers simultaneously. A range of reductions in total starch-synthase activities were found in the resulting transgenic plants, up to a maximum of 90% inhibition. The reduction in starch-synthase activity had a profound effect on the starch granules, which became extremely distorted in appearance compared with the control lines. Analysis of the starch indicated that the amounts produced in the tubers, and the amylose content of the starch, were not affected by the reduction in activity. In order to understand why the starch granules were distorted, amylopectin was isolated and the constituent chain lengths analysed. This indicated that the amylopectin was very different to that of the control. It contained more chains of fewer than 15 glucose units in length, and fewer of between 15 and 80 glucose units. In addition, the amylopectin contained more very long chains. Amylopectin from plants repressed in just one of the activities of the two starch-synthase isoforms, which we have reported upon previously, were also analysed. Using a technique different to that used previously we show that both isoforms also affect the amylopectin, but in a way that is different to when both isoforms are repressed together.
Optimizing the Use of RTKLIB for Smartphone-Based GNSS Measurements (2022)

The Google Smartphone Decimeter Challenge (GSDC) was a competition held in 2021, where data from a variety of instruments useful for determining a phone's position (signals from GPS satellites, accelerometer readings, gyroscope readings, etc.) using Android smartphones were provided to be processed/assessed in regard to the most accurate determination of the longitude and latitude of user positions. One of the tools that can be utilized to process the GNSS measurements is RTKLIB. RTKLIB is an open-source GNSS processing software tool that can be used with the GNSS measurements, including code, carrier, and doppler measurements, to provide real-time kinematic (RTK), precise point positioning (PPP), and post-processed kinematic (PPK) solutions. In the GSDC, we focused on the PPK capabilities of RTKLIB, as the challenge only required post-processing of past data. Although PPK positioning is expected to provide sub-meter level accuracies, the lower quality of the Android measurements compared to geodetic receivers makes this performance difficult to achieve consistently. Another latent issue is that the original RTKLIB created by Tomoji Takasu is aimed at commercial GNSS receivers rather than smartphones. Therefore, the performance of the original RTKLIB for the GSDC is limited. Consequently, adjustments to both the code-base and the default settings are suggested. When implemented, these changes allowed RTKLIB processing to score 5th place, based on the performance submissions of the prior GSDC competition. Detailed information on what was changed, and the steps to replicate the final results, are presented in the paper. Moreover, the updated code-base, with all the implemented changes, is provided in the public repository. This paper outlines a procedure to optimize the use of RTKLIB for Android smartphone measurements, highlighting the changes needed given the low-quality measurements from the mobile phone platform (relative to the survey grade GNSS receiver), which can be used as a basis point for further optimization for future GSDC competitions.
TMDE Task 05, Information Dynamics. MAIDS Study Program Testing and Diagnosis Technology. (1972)

Abstract : This report deals with methods for discovering errors in software and determining their source so that the errors may be corrected, and methods for insuring the reliability and maintainability of software. The sources of error in software are categorized and discussed together with an analysis of testing technology. Emphasized are the inherent weaknesses of testing as a technique for demonstrating and insuring software reliability. Other techniques for promoting software reliability are considered and include the role of design in reliability of software, specification and reliability, implementation requirements, programming language features, program checking and program proving. Summarized are the technological problems relevant to the MAIDS Information Dynamics Subsystem (MIDS). (Author)