gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular adenosine regulates naive T cell development and peripheral maintenance (2013)

Adenosine produced as a byproduct of metabolic activity is present in all tissues and produces dose-dependent suppression of TCR signaling. Naive T cell maintenance depends on inhibition of TCR signals by environmental sensors, which are yet to be fully defined. We produced mice with a floxed adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) gene, Adora2a, and show that either global A2AR deletion or cre-mediated T cell deletion elicits a decline in the number of naive but not memory T cells. A2AR signaling maintains naive T cells in a quiescent state by inhibiting TCR-induced activation of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway, thereby reducing IL-7Rα down-regulation and naive T cell apoptosis. Patterns of IL-7Rα expression on T cells in chimeric mice reconstituted with Adora2a(+/+) and Adora2a(-/-) bone marrow cells suggest that decreased IL-7Rα in naive T cells is a cell-intrinsic consequence of Adora2a deletion. In addition, A2AR expression increases in early thymic T cell development and contributes to progression of double-negative thymic precursors to single-positive thymocytes with increased IL-7Rα expression. Therefore, A2AR signaling regulates T cell development and maintenance to sustain normal numbers of naive T cells in the periphery.
Immunization of children with pertussis toxoid decreases spread of pertussis within the family (1998)

Vaccination of children with pertussis toxoid reduces spread of pertussis to close contacts, which suggests that mass vaccination with pertussis toxoid would induce herd immunity.
Ethnographic artificial intelligence (2021)

Artificial intelligence research is seldom conducted ethnographically. Nevertheless, the field itself has a distinctive culture – an engineering imaginary within which ‘general intelligence’ is considered to be a phenomenon that can be both defined and tested by reference to some universal (probably mathematical) standard. This paper describes a research agenda that sets out to question those assumptions, through a programme of ethnographic field work, collaborating with computer scientists and educators in several countries of sub-Saharan Africa.
Innovations et développement de nouvelles technologies dans le domaine de l'énergie (2017)

National audience
Sodium chloride vs. sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial (2012)

Volume supplementation with 24 h sodium chloride 0.9% is superior to sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of CIN. A short-term regimen with sodium bicarbonate is non-inferior to a 7 h regimen. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00130598.
Spectroscopic properties of colloidal indium phosphide quantum wires (2008)

Colloidal InP quantum wires are grown by the solution-liquid-solid (SLS) method, and passivated with the traditional quantum dots surfactants 1-hexadecylamine and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide. The size dependence of the band gaps in the wires are determined from the absorption spectra, and compared to other experimental results for InP quantum dots and wires, and to the predictions of theory. The photoluminescence behavior of the wires is also investigated. Efforts to enhance photoluminescence efficiencies through photochemical etching in the presence of HF result only in photochemical thinning or photo-oxidation, without a significant influence on quantum-wire photoluminescence. However, photo-oxidation produces residual dot and rod domains within the wires, which are luminescent. The results establish that the quantum-wire band gaps are weakly influenced by the nature of the surface passivation, and that colloidal quantum wires have intrinsically low photoluminescence efficiencies.
Surface Quality of Tribochemically Polished Silicon Nitride (1999)

The surface quality of tribochemically polished silicon nitride was explored. Since a previous study has shown that chromic(VI) acid produces the best combination of polishing rate and surface quality, silicon nitride surfaces polished in 3 wt % chromic acid have been examined in detail. These surfaces are ultrasmooth and defect‐free. No worn particles are observed on the surface nor in the liquid. The surface roughness measured by atomic force microscopy is 0.5 nm at 50 μm cutoff length and 2 nm at 150 μm. On a large scale, the surface roughness is 6 nm at 8 mm cutoff; the latter corresponds to a slight macroscopic curvature with a radius of 94 m. Secondary ion and photoelectron emission measurements showed that the polished surfaces are free of chromium. When stored in air, they are covered with the same oxide layer as a fracture surface. Surface residual stress measurements by X‐ray diffraction indicate the presence of a very small compressive stress of 50 MPa. No degradation of the fracture strength is found. The average fracture strength measured by the biaxial stress method is about 770 MPa. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Magnetic Measurement of the Moisture Content in Soil: Diamagnetic Measurement with the Presence of Ferromagnetic Material (2008)

To measure the moisture content of soil, we developed a method that measures the magnetic field generated when the primary magnetic field is exposed. Soil contains two different types of materials: water as a diamagnetic material and iron sand as a ferromagnetic material. Water shows a constant phase shift from the primary magnetic field as well as a frequency dependence of the magnetic field strength, and iron sand showed the opposite characteristics. Using these magnetic properties, a moisture content signal was extracted, even with interference of the iron sand.
Electrostatic Spore-Trapping Techniques for Managing Airborne Conidia Dispersed by the Powdery Mildew Pathogen (2022)

This review examines the progress of electrostatic spore-trapping research and the potential for the practical application of electrostatic apparatuses in powdery mildew control. These apparatuses produce an electric field by charging an insulated conductor wire (ICW). Airborne pathogen spores are subjected to an attractive force in the electric field and are drawn to the charged ICW as a result of dielectrophoretic movement. The strength of the attractive force is commensurate with the field strength (determined by the magnitude of the voltage applied to the ICW). Single-charged monopolar electric field screens (SM screens) are constructed by arraying negatively charged cylindrical ICWs in parallel at a specific interval. The connected electric fields of these ICWs form a gap-free air-shielding barrier. Wind-dispersed spores are precipitated by this barrier to create spore-free air. Oppositely charged SM screens have been combined to develop double-charged dipolar electric field screens, which generate a stronger spore attraction force under lower voltage application. Thus, electric field screens represent a promising physical method for creating spore-free spaces in cropping facilities, where plants can be cultivated without risk of infection by airborne fungal pathogens.
Palladium‐Mediated Annulation of Vinyl Aziridines with Michael Acceptors: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrolidines and Its Application in a Formal Synthesis of (−)‐α‐Kainic Acid (2011)

Salz nicht vergessen: In Gegenwart von Pd0 cyclisieren Vinylaziridine mit Methylvinylketon oder Ethylthioacrylat mit mäßigen bis guten Diastereoselektivitäten zu Pyrrolidinen – allerdings nur bei Zugabe des Salzes nBu4NCl. Die Methode wurde in einer kurzen (formalen) Synthese von (−)-α-Kainsäure angewendet. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Hilar GABAergic Interneuron Activity Controls Spatial Learning and Memory Retrieval (2012)

Our findings establish a critical role for hilar GABAergic interneuron activity in controlling spatial learning and memory retrieval and provide evidence for the potential contribution of GABAergic interneuron impairment to the pathogenesis of amnesia in AD.
Ultrathin, Protective Coatings of Poly(o-phenylenediamine) as Electrochemical Proton Gates:  Making Mesoporous MnO2 Nanoarchitectures Stable in Acid Electrolytes (2003)

We have created hybrid organic−inorganic nanoarchitectures by electrodepositing ultrathin (<10-nm-thick) polymer coatings onto nanostructured MnO2 birnessite-type electrodes with surface areas in excess of 200 m2 g-1. By choosing a self-limited growth process, based on the electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine, the resulting polymer conformally coats the oxide nanoscale network without disrupting the continuous mesoporosity of the initial MnO2 nanoarchitecture. These polymer coatings serve as pinhole-free physical barriers to external, acidic electrolyte, specifically, H2O and hydrated protons, and protect the underlying MnO2 nanoarchitecture from dissolution. The underlying metal oxide remains electrochemically addressable via an electrochemical proton-gating mechanism in which charge-compensating unsolvated protons are transported through the polymer coating. The 3D-templated electrochemical fabrication of polymer at an electrified metal oxide nanoarchitecture provides a new model for the development of electrochemical capacitors based on hybrid configurations using low-cost metal oxides such as MnO2.
Data from A Small Molecule That Binds and Inhibits the ETV1 Transcription Factor Oncoprotein (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Members of the ETS transcription factor family have been implicated in several cancers, where they are often dysregulated by genomic derangement. ETS variant 1 (&lt;i&gt;ETV1&lt;/i&gt;) is an ETS factor gene that undergoes chromosomal translocation in prostate cancers and Ewing sarcomas, amplification in melanomas, and lineage dysregulation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Pharmacologic perturbation of ETV1 would be appealing in these cancers; however, oncogenic transcription factors are often deemed “undruggable” by conventional methods. Here, we used small-molecule microarray screens to identify and characterize drug-like compounds that modulate the biologic function of ETV1. We identified the 1,3,5-triazine small molecule BRD32048 as a top candidate ETV1 perturbagen. BRD32048 binds ETV1 directly, modulating both ETV1-mediated transcriptional activity and invasion of ETV1-driven cancer cells. Moreover, BRD32048 inhibits p300-dependent acetylation of ETV1, thereby promoting its degradation. These results point to a new avenue for pharmacologic ETV1 inhibition and may inform a general means to discover small molecule perturbagens of transcription factor oncoproteins. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 13(6); 1492–502. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Heterocyclic N-oxides - A Promising Class of Agents against Tuberculosis, Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases (2018)

Heterocyclic N-oxides have emerged as promising agents against a number of diseases and disorders, especially infectious diseases. This review analyzes the emergence and development of this scaffold in the medicinal chemistry, focusing mainly on the discovery of new heterocyclic N-oxide compounds with potent activity against tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases (i.e. leishmaniasis and Chagas disease). A number of heterocyclic N-oxides are described herein, nevertheless, the following chemical classes deserve to be highlighted due to a large number of reports in the literature about their promising pharmacological effects: furoxan, benzofuroxan, quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide, indolone N-oxide and benzimidazole N-oxide. In order to describe those most promising compounds, we included in this review only those most biologically active heterocyclic Noxide published since 2000.
An Organizational Structure for the Thing-User Community Formation (2020)

The special feature of the thing-user centric communication is that thing-users can form a society autonomously and collaborate to solve problems. To share experiences and knowledge, thing-users form, join, and leave communities. The thing-user, who needs a help from other thing-users to accomplish a mission, searches thing-user communities and nominates thing-users of the discovered communities to organize a collaborative work group. Thing-user community should perform autonomously the social construction process and need principles and procedures for the community formation and collaboration within the thing-user communities. This paper defines thing-user communities and proposes an organizational structure for the thing-user community formation.
Pathogen Profiling: Rapid Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus by PCR/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry and Correlation with Phenotype (2009)

There are few diagnostic methods that readily distinguish among community-acquired methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, now frequently transmitted within hospitals. We describe a rapid and high-throughput method for bacterial profiling of staphylococcal isolates. The method couples PCR to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and is performed on a platform suitable for use in a diagnostic laboratory. This profiling technology produces a high-resolution genetic signature indicative of the presence of specific genetic elements that represent distinctive phenotypic features. The PCR/ESI-MS signature accurately identified genotypic determinants consistent with phenotypic traits in well-characterized reference and clinical isolates of S. aureus. Molecular identification of the antibiotic resistance genes correlated strongly with phenotypic in vitro resistance. The identification of toxin genes correlated with independent PCR analyses for the toxin genes. Finally, isolates were correctly classified into genotypic groups that correlated with genetic clonal complexes, repetitive-element-based PCR patterns, or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types. The high-throughput PCR/ESI-MS assay should improve clinical management of staphylococcal infections.
Geometrical ambiguity of pair statistics: Point configurations (2010)

Point configurations have been widely used as model systems in condensed-matter physics, materials science, and biology. Statistical descriptors, such as the n -body distribution function g(n), are usually employed to characterize point configurations, among which the most extensively used is the pair distribution function g(2). An intriguing inverse problem of practical importance that has been receiving considerable attention is the degree to which a point configuration can be reconstructed from the pair distribution function of a target configuration. Although it is known that the pair-distance information contained in g(2) is, in general, insufficient to uniquely determine a point configuration, this concept does not seem to be widely appreciated and general claims of uniqueness of the reconstructions using pair information have been made based on numerical studies. In this paper, we present the idea of the distance space called the D space. The pair distances of a specific point configuration are then represented by a single point in the D space. We derive the conditions on the pair distances that can be associated with a point configuration, which are equivalent to the realizability conditions of the pair distribution function g(2). Moreover, we derive the conditions on the pair distances that can be assembled into distinct configurations, i.e., with structural degeneracy. These conditions define a bounded region in the D space. By explicitly constructing a variety of degenerate point configurations using the D space, we show that pair information is indeed insufficient to uniquely determine the configuration in general. We also discuss several important problems in statistical physics based on the D space, including the reconstruction of atomic structures from experimentally obtained g(2) and a recently proposed "decorrelation" principle. The degenerate configurations have relevance to open questions involving the famous traveling salesman problem.
Cerebro-cerebellar Circuitry for Recognition of Emotional Body Language (2015)

Introduction: Veridical body language reading is indispensable for successful social cognition and interaction (Pavlova 2012). Healthy individuals can reliably recognize emotions expressed through body motion in point-light displays (Pollick et al. 2001; Sokolov et al. 2011). Despite potential implications for understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric disease (Nackaerts et al. 2012) related to impairments in body language reading (Pavlova 2012), characteristics of the brain circuitry underpinning body language remain largely unknown. Methods: Functional MRI (3T Trio, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) was performed in 17 healthy adults (mean age 26.7 years) during emotion recognition in displays portraying a point-light arm knocking on a door with different emotional expressions (happy, neutral, and angry). Data pre-processing and analysis were conducted with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12, Wellcome Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, UK, http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm). Standard procedures were applied for slice timing and realignment corrections, segmentation and normalization to MNI space. Statistical analysis based on a general linear model was run on the resulting individual fMRI data. The individual whole-brain images for the contrast happy versus neutral and angry versus neutral motion were included in a second-level random effects whole-brain analysis. Results: Happy as compared to neutral knocking resulted in higher activations in the right caudate nucleus and right posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS). The inferior insula, and anterior and medial cingulate cortex in the left hemisphere exhibited higher activation for angry as compared to neutral knocking. In addition, the left cerebellar lobules VIII and IX, and right amygdala were more strongly activated by neutral than emotional body motion. Conclusions: The outcome suggests differential involvement of cortical and subcortical "social brain" components in visual recognition of emotions expressed by bodily movement. Processing of emotional body language appears to be lateralized, depending on the emotional content. Left midline cerebellar structures and the right amygdala may interact in signalling a lack of emotional expression. This is in line with recent data on cerebellar involvement in visual processing of body motion (Sokolov et al. 2010, 2012, 2014). Further research is required to examine pathophysiological significance of this circuitry in patients with brain lesions and neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and autistic spectrum disorders.
A Pulmonary Valved Conduit of Porcine SIS Remodels into Native Tissue in an Ovine Model (2012)

Abstract Reconstruction of the pulmonary valve and outflow tract is frequently needed to repair congenital defects. Current substitutes lead to graft failure and reoperation due to calcification, shrinkage, progressive insufficiency or transvalvular gradients, and relative growth of the patient compared to the valve. CorMatrix extracellular matrix (ECM), derived from decellularized, non-crosslinked small intestine submucosa (SIS) is used for general cardiac repairs and regenerates into normal cardiac tissue with growth potential. Previously, we showed that an ECM pulmonary valve leaflet remodeled into a neo-leaflet histologically similar to native valve architecture. In this study we used an ECM valved conduit for pulmonary valve replacement in an ovine model to demonstrate its potential to remodel into native tissue. A trileaflet valved conduit was produced from CorMatrix ECM sutured into a tube then intussuscepted to form a tube within a tube. At three equidistant points the inner tube was sutured to the outer tube forming three leaflets to guide unidirectional flow with physiologic opening and closing mechanics. Under cardiopulmonary bypass the ovine pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery section was removed and replaced with the ECM valved conduit. Valve function was evaluated by echocardiography post-operatively and at bi-monthly intervals until euthanasia at 3, 5, 8, and 12 months. Histological evaluation included H and E, Movat pentachrome, von Kossa, anti-CD31, and anti-eNOS. Our echocardiography results show that a pulmonary valve constructed from ECM opens and closes completely without regurgitation or stenosis for 12 months. Grossly, explanted valves appeared similar to native valves and were remodeling after 3 months with further progression to native morphology after 5, 8 and 12 months. Histological examination showed diffuse cellular infiltration by 3 months. At 5 months, collagen organization was increased and glycosaminoglycans were distributed throughout the middle of the leaflet. At 3 months, SEM and eNOS staining demonstrated a confluent and functional endothelial lining on the pulmonary artery and hinge regions of the valve. At 5 months, this lining extended to the center of the leaflet with confluent areas at the leaflet tip. At 8 and 12 months, a tri-layered structure similar to native valve architecture was demonstrated histologically by a Movat stain with a confluent endothelial lining demonstrated by eNOS and CD31 staining. The von Kossa stain showed an absence of calcific deposits at all time points except occasionally at the suture. These results demonstrate the potential of a CorMatrix ECM pulmonary valve to remodel into endothelialized tissue that is indistinguishable from the host’s native valve both grossly and histologically. Such a regenerated valve would be expected to improve patient outcomes since it remodels into native tissue with growth potential.
Synthesis of novel laterally-bridged pyropheophorbide a dimers (1998)

Condensation of 132-oxopyropheophorbide a with benzene-1,2,4,5-tetramine produced a bis-quinoxaline-bridged symmetrical chlorin dimer and an unsymmetrical benzimidazole/pyrazine bridged analog. Spectroscopic data of the novel conjugated dimers show a significant perturbation of the extended bis-chlorin π-system in a coplanar arrangement.
Effect of polypropylene fiber processing conditions on fiber mechanical behavior (2014)

An investigation into the mechanical behavior of melt‐spun isotactic polypropylene ( iPP ) fibers is reported. Two different iPP formulations, PH835 and Exxon3854, synthesized using Ziegler–Natta and metallocene catalysts, respectively, and spun at take‐up velocities ranging from 1000 to 3000 m min −1 were subjected to uniaxial tensile loading, cyclic loading and creep tests. The strain rate sensitivity was determined by performing strain rate jumps. Injection molded specimens from the same iPP formulations were tested under the same conditions. The fiber birefringence increases slightly with increasing take‐up velocity, while the crystallinity is approximately insensitive to this process parameter in this range of velocities. Fibers from the two iPP samples behave differently at large plastic strains despite having the same birefringence and crystallinity. Differences are also seen in creep. The behavior of fibers is significantly different from that of the injection molded samples of the same iPP and same crystallinity. These have lower strain hardening rate, smaller failure strains, close to zero strain rate sensitivity and exhibit a yield point phenomenon. The difference is associated with the different nature and spatial organization of the crystals and inter‐crystalline amorphous and mesomorphic phases. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry