gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallothionein suppresses collagen-induced arthritis via induction of TGF-βand down-regulation of proinflammatory mediators (2002)

SUMMARY Metallothionein is a low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, stress response protein that can act as an antioxidant and as an immunosuppressive agent in instances of antigen-dependent adaptive immunity. In this context, we assessed the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of metallothionein in a collagen-induced arthritis model. Repeated administration of metallothionein-I + II during the course of disease dramatically reduced the incidence and severity of the disease. Joint tissues isolated from boostered paws of metallothionein-I + II-treated mice expressed significantly reduced levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase-2, when compared with those of control-treated mice. Lymph node cells obtained from metallothionein-I + II -injected mice exhibited a significant decrease in the proliferative response and a remarkable increase in tumour growth factor (TGF)-β production in response to type II collagen. Taken together, these results suggest that metallothionein-I + II promote the development of type II collagen-specific, TGF-β-producing cells to antagonize the expansion of arthritogenic cells. This could lead to local suppression of inflammatory responses by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory molecules. Thus, this study demonstrates the suppressive effects of metallothionein on collagen-induced arthritis, and indicates that there may be a potential therapeutic application for manipulation of metallothionein during the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
Primary carcinosarcoma of the vagina (2003)

Primary carcinosarcoma of the vagina is a very rare tumor, with only eight cases diagnosed as carcinosarcoma in the literature that we are aware of. We recently encountered a case of primary carcinosarcoma of the vagina in a 75-year-old woman. The patient had a history of hysterectomy and bilateral ovariectomy for uterine corpus cancer at 55 years of age. Recurrence of the cancer was suspected 17 years after the operation and irradiation therapy was performed, but the patient died 3 years after the recurrence. Autopsy revealed a mass lesion in the pelvic cavity that originated in the vagina. Histological examination showed that the tumor contained anaplastic carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and chondrosarcoma components, and it was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma. The histological diagnosis of the uterine corpus cancer was well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and there was no sarcomatous component. The carcinosarcoma occurred 17 years after the hysterectomy, and it was concluded to be a primary carcinosarcoma of the vagina. This is the first case of primary vaginal carcinosarcoma in which the epithelial and sarcomatous components were clearly identified histologically and immunohistochemically.
High Extinction-Ratio Integrated Mach–Zehnder Modulator With Active Y-Branch for Optical SSB Signal Generation (2010)

We propose a high extinction-ratio (ER) Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with an active Y-branch optical intensity trimmer. In addition, we investigate a high ER integrated MZM for optical single-sideband (SSB) signal generation, where the active Y-branch trimmers are embedded in a dual-parallel MZM. Optical SSB generation with high suppression ratio of main carrier (47 dB) and undesired sidebands (>42 dB) is achieved by optimizing the optical amplitude imbalances corresponding to the ER.
Superconducting transmitting / receiving bandpass filters for 5 GHz band weather Radar application (2011)

We have proposed a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) narrow-band filter for transmitter and receiver of Radar application. To realize a filter with which a narrow bandwidth and low insertion loss are compatible, resonators with high unloaded Q (Qu) value are required. Coupled microstrip line resonators with 1 time wavelength were adopted to suppress the radiation loss and achieve a high Qu value. The developed HTS filter has 8-pole quasi-elliptic function response for sharp skirt characteristic. A transmitting hybrid filter consists of superconducting resonators and conventional cavity. Novel hybrid filter structured with sandwich in superconducting resonators between two cavities realizes low power concentration in superconducting resonators. Compatibility of the high power handling capability and the sharp skirt feature is possible by this filter. As a result, power handling capability for the hybrid filter was obtained 460 W. Given these features, the high density carrier frequency assignment for next-generation Radar applications is expected to be realized by applying these filters.
Maintenance of autoantibody production in pristane-induced murine lupus (2015)

The switched memory B cell subset from pristane-treated mice is expanded and shows an increased propensity to undergo terminal (plasma cell) differentiation in response to synthetic and natural TLR7 ligands. The data suggest that the decreased clearance of apoptotic cells characteristic of pristane-treated mice might help maintain high serum levels of anti-RNP/Sm autoantibodies.
Diagnosis of Investment Behaviors of Occupational Defined Benefit(DB) Funds in Korea Using a Liability Driven Investment (LDI) Approach (2018)

The financial market instability and the changes in international accounting standards on employee benefits lead to a growing interest in Asset-Liability Management(ALM) in the field of occupational Defined Benefit(DB) funds. However, DB funds in Korea have been mostly invested in interest guaranteed products(such as deposits) regardless of ALM. In order to examine the current investment behaviors of DB funds in Korea, we propose different portfolio strategies on each of asset-only space and asset-liability space. We find that the maximum Sharpe ratio Portfolio(MSP) is able to explain the investment behaviours of Korea DB funds in terms of asset-only strategy. On the other hand, we find out that the Liability Driven Investment(LDI) portfolio which consist of the minimum surplus variance portforio(MSVP) and the maximum surplus Sharpe ratio portfolio(MSSP) is likely to be the more recommendable asset-liability strategy on grounds that it is empirically tested to enhance contribution stability and benefit security simultaneously. Lastly, we hope that this paper could provide a momentum changing the current investment behaviors of DB sponsors in Korea and it will also contribute to the stabilization of financial market through the vitalizations of capital market as a consequence.
Elastomeric Tiles for the Fabrication of Inflatable Structures (2014)

This paper describes the fabrication of 3D soft, inflatable structures from thin, 2D tiles fabricated from elastomeric polymers. The tiles are connected using soft joints that increase the surface area available for gluing them together, and mechanically reinforce the structures to withstand the tensile forces associated with pneumatic actuation. The ability of the elastomeric polymer to withstand large deformations without failure makes it possible to explore and implement new joint designs, for example “double‐taper dovetail joints,” that cannot be used with hard materials. This approach simplifies the fabrication of soft structures comprising materials with different physical properties (e.g., stiffness, electrical conductivity, optical transparency), and provides the methods required to “program” the response of these structures to mechanical (e.g., pneumatic pressurization) and other physical (e.g., electrical) stimuli. The flexibility and modularity of this approach is demonstrated in a set of soft structures that expanded or buckled into distinct, predictable shapes when inflated or deflated. These structures combine easily to form extended systems with motions dependent on the configurations of the selected components, and, when fabricated with electrically conductive tiles, electronic circuits with pneumatically active elements. This approach to the fabrication of hollow, 3D structures provides routes to new soft actuators.
Decentralized Sparsity-Regularized Rank Minimization: Algorithms and Applications (2013)

Given a limited number of entries from the superposition of a low-rank matrix plus the product of a known compression matrix times a sparse matrix, recovery of the low-rank and sparse components is a fundamental task subsuming compressed sensing, matrix completion, and principal components pursuit. This paper develops algorithms for decentralized sparsity-regularized rank minimization over networks, when the nuclear- and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_1$</tex></formula> -norm are used as surrogates to the rank and nonzero entry counts of the sought matrices, respectively. While nuclear-norm minimization has well-documented merits when centralized processing is viable, non-separability of the singular-value sum challenges its decentralized minimization. To overcome this limitation, leveraging an alternative characterization of the nuclear norm yields a separable, yet non-convex cost minimized via the alternating-direction method of multipliers. Interestingly, if the decentralized (non-convex) estimator converges, under certain conditions it provably attains the global optimum of its centralized counterpart. As a result, this paper bridges the performance gap between centralized and in-network decentralized, sparsity-regularized rank minimization. This, in turn, facilitates (stable) recovery of the low rank and sparse model matrices through reduced-complexity per-node computations, and affordable message passing among single-hop neighbors. Several application domains are outlined to highlight the generality and impact of the proposed framework. These include unveiling traffic anomalies in backbone networks, and predicting networkwide path latencies. Simulations with synthetic and real network data confirm the convergence of the novel decentralized algorithm, and its centralized performance guarantees.
Modeling and analysis for thermal management in gallium oxide field-effect transistors (2020)

Increased attention has been paid to the thermal management of β-Ga2O3 devices as a result of the large thermal resistance that can present itself in part due to its low intrinsic thermal conductivity. A number of die-level thermal management approaches exist that could be viable for thermal management. However, they have not been assessed for β-Ga2O3 devices exclusively. Here, we explore the limits of various die level thermal management schemes on a β-Ga2O3 metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor using numerical simulations. The effects of the various cooling approaches on the device channel temperature were comprehensively investigated, along with guidance for material selection to enable the most effective thermal solutions. Among various cooling strategies, double side cooling combined with a heat spreader used in the active region of the device can suppress the device thermal resistance to as low as 11 mm °C/W, achieving a maximum dissipated power density as high as 16 W/mm for a junction temperature limit of 200 °C. A multi-finger transistor thermal model was also developed to assess the potential of β-Ga2O3 devices for higher output power applications. Overall, this numerical study shows that it is possible to achieve high power β-Ga2O3 device operation with appropriate die-level thermal management solutions.
The Stringent Stress Response Controls Proteases and Global Regulators under Optimal Growth Conditions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2020)

The bacterial stringent stress response, mediated by the signaling molecule guanosine tetraphosphate, ppGpp, has recently gained attention as being important during normal cellular growth and as a potential new therapeutic target, which warrants detailed mechanistic understanding. Here, we used intracellular protein tracking in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1, which indicated that RelA was bound to the ribosome, while SpoT localized at the cell poles. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to investigate the transcriptome of a ppGpp-deficient strain under nonstressful, nutrient-rich broth conditions where the mutant grew at the same rate as the parent strain. In the exponential growth phase, the lack of ppGpp led to >1,600 transcriptional changes (fold change cutoff of ±1.5), providing further novel insights into the normal physiological role of ppGpp. The stringent response was linked to gene expression of various proteases and secretion systems, including <i>aprA</i>, PA0277, <i>impA</i>, and <i>clpP2</i> The previously observed reduction in cytotoxicity toward red blood cells in a stringent response mutant appeared to be due to <i>aprA</i> Investigation of an <i>aprA</i> mutant in a murine skin infection model showed increased survival rates of mice infected with the <i>aprA</i> mutant, consistent with previous observations that stringent response mutants have reduced virulence. In addition, the overexpression of <i>relA</i>, but not induction of ppGpp with serine hydroxamate, dysregulated global transcriptional regulators as well as >30% of the regulatory networks controlled by AlgR, OxyR, LasR, and AmrZ. Together, these data expand our knowledge about ppGpp and its regulatory network and role in environmental adaptation. It also confirms its important role throughout the normal growth cycle of bacteria.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Microorganisms need to adapt rapidly to survive harsh environmental changes. Here, we showed the broad influence of the highly studied bacterial stringent stress response under nonstressful conditions that indicate its general physiological importance and might reflect the readiness of bacteria to respond to and activate acute stress responses. Using RNA-Seq to investigate the transcriptional network of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> cells revealed that >30% of all genes changed expression in a stringent response mutant under optimal growth conditions. This included genes regulated by global transcriptional regulators and novel downstream effectors. Our results help to understand the importance of this stress regulator in bacterial lifestyle under relatively unstressed conditions. As such, it draws attention to the consequences of targeting this ubiquitous bacterial signaling molecule.
High Frequency Magnetic Property of Dense Fe<SUB>22</SUB>Ni<SUB>78</SUB> Cluster Assembled Films (2009)

Using a plasma-gas-condensation cluster deposition apparatus, Fe22Ni78 clusters are deposited on substrates. When a bias voltage, VA, is applied to a substrate, neutral and charged clusters are formed in a plasma region and hard-landed on the substrate, forming dense Fe22Ni78 cluster assembled films. For specimens prepared without introduction of O2 gas into a sputtering chamber (the oxygen flow rate, RO2=0 mol/s), the magnetic coercivity, HC, decreases, while the saturation magnetization, MS, increases as VA is increased up to 20 kV. The real part of magnetic permeability, μ′ is very small for VA=0 kV and it becomes a few hundreds for VA=5∼20 kV. For the dense Fe22Ni78 cluster-assembled films prepared at VA=20 kV with RO2≠0 mol/s, MS decreases, while the magnetic anisotropy field, HK, and the electrical resistivity, ρ, increase, and the ferromagnetic resonance frequency, fFMR, increases up to a frequency (f) range of GHz. There are two magnetically optimized states: (1) μ′=760 at f=10 MHz for the specimen prepared at VA=20 kV with the oxygen flow rate, RO2=0 mol/s and the Ar flow rate, RAr=4.5×10−4 mol/s, and (2) μ′=370 at 10 MHz and fFMR=1.10 GHz for the one prepared at VA=20 kV with RO2=3.7×10−8 mol/s and RAr=4.5×10−4 mol/s.
Mitochondrial Respiration Correlates with Prognostic Markers in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Is Normalized by Ibrutinib Treatment (2020)

Mitochondrial bioenergetics profiling, a measure of oxygen consumption rates, correlates with prognostic markers and can be used to assess response to therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. In this study, we measured mitochondrial respiration rates in primary CLL cells using respirometry to evaluate mitochondrial function. We found significant increases in mitochondrial respiration rates in CLL versus control B lymphocytes. We also observed amongst CLL patients that advanced age, female sex, zeta-chain-associated protein of 70 kD (ZAP-70<sup>+</sup>), cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38<sup>+</sup>), and elevated β2-microglobulin (β2-M) predicted increased maximal respiration rates. ZAP-70<sup>+</sup> CLL cells exhibited significantly higher bioenergetics than B lymphocytes or ZAP-70<sup>-</sup> CLL cells and were more sensitive to the uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoro-methoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP). Univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that ZAP-70<sup>+</sup> predicted increased maximal respiration. ZAP-70<sup>+</sup> is a surrogate for B cell receptor (BCR) activation and can be targeted by ibrutinib, which is a clinically approved Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. Therefore, we evaluated the oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of CLL cells and plasma chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 3 and 4 (CCL3/CCL4) levels from ibrutinib-treated patients and demonstrated decreased OCR similar to control B lymphocytes, suggesting that ibrutinib treatment resets the mitochondrial bioenergetics, while diminished CCL3/CCL4 levels indicate the down regulation of the BCR signaling pathway in CLL. Our data support evaluation of mitochondrial respiration as a preclinical tool for the response assessment of CLL cells.
Cyanogen bromide as a cleavage procedure in solid phase peptide synthesis (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyanogen bromide as a cleavage procedure in solid phase peptide synthesisWilliam S. Hancock and Garland R. MarshallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 26, 7488–7489Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00859a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00859a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two-Dimensional CdSe-Based Nanoplatelets: Their Heterostructures, Doping, Photophysical Properties, and Applications (2019)

In the past decade, colloidal quantum wells, also known as 2-D semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs), have been added to the colloidal nanocrystal (NC) family. Through the unique control of the thickness with monolayer precision, these novel materials exhibit strong 1-D quantum confinement that offers unique optical properties along with the possibility of fabricating advanced heterostructures, which are not possible with other quantum-confined nanostructures. The 2-D CdX (X = Se, S)-based NPLs provide high color purities, fast fluorescence lifetimes, and large exciton binding energies. This review covers the latest developments in the successful utilization of these flat NCs in different nanophotonic device applications. The synthesis of the advanced heterostructures of flat 2-D NCs (e.g., core-shell, core-crown, and core-crown-shell) has matured very rapidly, and new exciting optical and electronic applications are emerging. Doping of these atomically thin NCs also offers new possibilities for their utilization in different solar light harvesting, magnetic, electronic, and lasing applications. This review also includes the recent advancements in the understanding of their unique optical properties that are of utmost importance for their practical implementation in light-emitting devices and lasers. Finally, we present a future perspective on their successful utilization in different nanophotonic applications.
Magnetic resonance in metal nanoantennas (2004)

It is predicted that metal nanostructures can have a magnetic plasmon resonance (MPR) in the optical spectral range. Similarly to the known electrical surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the MPR depends only on metal properties and geometry of the system, rather than on the wavelength, and it can occur in structures much smaller in size than the optical wavelength. The MPR can have as large optical cross-section as the SPR so that nanostructures supporting the two resonances can provide a strong coupling to both field components of light, electrical and magnetic. Above the resonance, the magnetic plasmon polarizability may acquire negative values making possible to use this phenomena for developing left-handed materials in the optic range.
Key Durability Issues With Mullite-Based Environmental Barrier Coatings for Si-Based Ceramics (1999)

Plasma-sprayed mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) and mullite/yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) dual layer coatings have been developed to protect silicon-based ceramics from environmental attack. Mullite-based coating systems show excellent durability in air. However, in combustion environments, corrosive species such as molten salt or water vapor penetrate through cracks in the coating and attack the Si-based ceramics along the interface. Thus the modification of the coating system for enhanced crack-resistance is necessary for long-term durability in combustion environments. Other key durability issues include interfacial contamination and coating/substrate bonding. Interfacial contamination leads to enhanced oxidation and interfacial pore formation, while a weak coating/substrate bonding leads to rapid attack of the interface by corrosive species, both of which can cause a premature failure of the coating. Interfacial contamination can be minimized by limiting impurities in coating and substrate materials. The interface may be modified to improve the coating/substrate bond.
Chip-based device for parallel sorting, amplification, detection, and identification of nucleic acid subsequences (2023)

An apparatus for chip-based sorting, amplification, detection, and identification of a sample having a planar substrate. The planar substrate is divided into cells. The cells are arranged on the planar substrate in rows and columns. Electrodes are located in the cells. A micro-reactor maker produces micro-reactors containing the sample. The micro-reactor maker is positioned to deliver the micro-reactors to the planar substrate. A microprocessor is connected to the electrodes for manipulating the micro-reactors on the planar substrate. A detector is positioned to interrogate the sample contained in the micro-reactors.
Laser-Induced Detection Sensitivity Enhancement with Laser Pulsing (2008)

Abstract The use of a pulsed laser with a lock-in amplifier has been shown to increase the detection sensitivity of scanning optical microscopes by a factor of ten. In this article, the authors explain how they implement laser pulsing without a lock-in amplifier through software control. The detection sensitivity of their method, which is based on a digital signal integration algorithm, has been shown to be comparable to that achieved with a lock-in amplifier. Several case studies illustrate the effectiveness of the technique for locating various types of defects.