gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compliance of isolated porcine coronary small arteries and coronary pressure-flow relations (1994)

Compliance of small arteries is important for the interpretation of arterial pressure-flow relations. Six coronary small arteries (mean diameter 189 +/- 46 microns) were cannulated. Pressure-cross-sectional area (CSA) relations were obtained from isolated vessels by slowly varying pressure between 10 and 120 mmHg. Subsequently, small pressure variations were superimposed on constant mean pressures of 10, 30, and 50 mmHg with frequencies of 0.1-10 Hz. Normalized compliance (C0) was calculated as the compliance divided by the CSA at 50 mmHg. In vessels without tone, static C0 was 27.5 +/- 8.9, 6.4 +/- 1.1, and 3.8 +/- 1.0 x 10(-3) mmHg-1 at 10, 30, and 50 mmHg, respectively. At a frequency of 0.1 Hz, C0 decreased to one-third of static C0 at any pressure. Under these conditions, the phase shift between pressure and CSA was rather constant and ranged from -21 to -5 degrees. In four small arteries, smooth muscle tone was induced by the administration of acetylcholine. Activation decreased dynamic C0 by 60%. Two models of coronary input impedance were evaluated: the first model includes viscoelastic properties of the arterial wall and the second takes into account the blood inertia effect. The second model predicts much better the wall mechanics of single small arteries. The viscoelastic model overestimates the frequency dependence of compliance by a factor of 2 and the phase lag by a factor of 4. Moreover this model predicts a strong frequency dependence of induction of tone on compliance and phase lag, whereas this dependence is absent in the experimental results.
Abstract 4689: Inhibition of IL-6/Jak/Stat3 signaling: a novel and potent targeting therapy for lung cancer (2011)

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death in the United States. A fraction of these tumors harbor somatic activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leading to constitutive activation of the kinase. Targeting this pathway using a class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as gefitinib or erlotinib induces significant initial responses in patients with NSCLC expressing activating EGFR mutations, however, disease progression invariably occurs in part due to the outgrowth of cancers with EGFR TKI resistant secondary mutations. There are many ongoing attempts to overcome this problem, but the current efforts are mostly focused on EGFR itself and their effectiveness remains inconclusive. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) /Jak/Stat3 signaling pathway is critical not only for inflammation and immunity, but also for oncogenesis. Stat3 is persistently activated in many human cancers, promoting tumorigenesis through the regulation of genes important for proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. We previously determined that Stat3 is activated in mutant EGFR expressing NSCLC cell lines and primary tumors in part through autocrine upregulation of the IL-6 gene that activates the gp130/Jak signaling. In our current report, we studied the in vivo effect of inhibiting the IL-6/Jak/Stat3 signaling in EGFR TKI-resistant models of NSCLC. Our data demonstrated that Jak inhibition by a novel orally available Jak inhibitor markedly repressed in vivo growth of 3 different TKI resistant NSCLC cell lines as well as a TKI sensitive cell line. Immunohistochemical analyses of these samples revealed reduced proliferation and angiogenesis in Jak inhibitor treated tumors. In addition, administration of an IL-6R blocking antibody to xenograft tumors of a TKI resistant NSCLC cell line also achieved significant reduction in tumor growth compared to controls. We further tested the potential role of IL-6 in a transgenic murine model of TKI-resistant, mutant EGFR mediated lung cancer. Our results demonstrated mice lacking IL-6 still developed lung tumors but at a much slower rate of tumor progression compared to IL-6 expressing littermates. Additional examinations showed that mice lacking IL-6 developed tumors with papillary features compared to IL-6 expressing littermates whereas most of the tumors were of the more advanced, solid/pleiomorphic subtype. IL-6 deficient lung tumors had decreased proliferation and angiogenesis compared to tumors from wildtype littlermates. In summary, our findings lead us to hypothesize that the IL-6/Jak pathway should be considered as a novel therapeutic target for this disease, especially TKI resistant NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4689. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4689
ChemInform Abstract: The Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of the First Phosphostatine Derivative. (1986)

Abstract Boc‐L‐phenylalaninol (I) wird nach Swern oxidiert und dann mit den Phosphonaten (II) in die Addukte (III) übergeführt.
Inherited Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Final Monoclonal Mutation in One of Multiple Clones of Susceptible Cells (1978)

Inherited medullary thyroid carcinomas contain one form of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in black female patients who are mosaic in normal tissues for G6PD types A and B. The same individual may have several tumors each containing either G6PD A or G6PD B. The data suggest that the inherited defect is an initial mutation producing multiple clones of defective cells; each tumor then arises as a final mutation in one clone of these cells.
HMR 1883, a novel cardioselective inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Part I: effects on cardiomyocytes, coronary flow and pancreatic beta-cells. (1998)

The novel sulfonylthiourea HMR 1883 was investigated in in vitro systems. The rilmakalim-induced shortening of the APD90 in guinea pig right papillary muscle at pHo = 6.0 was antagonized half-maximally by glibenclamide and HMR 1883 with 0.14 microM and 0. 6 microM, respectively. Hypoxia-induced shortening of the APD90 was significantly attenuated by the sulfonylureas when applied 60 min after induction of hypoxia. In isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes the APD90 as well as the whole-cell current was measured with the patch-clamp technique. The rilmakalim-induced shortening of the APD90 was half-maximally antagonized by glibenclamide and HMR 1883 with 10 nM and 0.4 microM, respectively (pHo = 6.5). The rilmakalim-induced whole-cell current (at 0 mV clamp-potential) was inhibited by glibenclamide and HMR 1883 half-maximally with 20 nM and 0.8 microM, respectively (pHo = 7.4). In isolated perfused guinea pig hearts, the coronary flow (CF) was increased by perfusion with hypoxic solution (20% O2). Whereas 1 microM glibenclamide completely inhibited the hypoxia-induced increase in CF, 10 microM HMR 1883 reduced it by only 18%. Pancreatic effects were investigated in rat insulinoma cells (RINm5F), which were hyperpolarized with 100 microM diazoxide. Addition of glibenclamide or HMR 1883 depolarized the cell potential half-maximally with concentrations of 9 nM and approximately 20 microM, respectively. In conclusion, the sulfonylthiourea HMR 1883 blocks KATPs in cardiac muscle cells with 10-50 fold higher potency than in pancreatic beta-cells and has little effect on the coronary vascular system. Therefore, HMR 1883 has pharmacological selectivity for cardiac myocytes and thereby may be a promising substance for the prevention of ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation.
Nuanced role for dendritic cell intrinsic IRE1 RNase in the regulation of antitumor adaptive immunity (2022)

ABSTRACT The IRE1/XBPls axis of the unfolded protein response (UPR) plays divergent roles in dendritic cell (DC) biology in steady state versus tumor contexts. Whereas tumor associated DCs show dysfunctional IRE1/XBP1s activation that curtails their function, the homeostasis of conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1) in tissues requires intact IRE1 RNase activity. Considering that cDC1s are key orchestrators of antitumor immunity, it is relevant to understand the functional versus dysfunctional roles of IRE1/XBP1s in tumor DC subtypes. Here, we show that cDC1s constitutively activate IRE1 RNase within subcutaneous B16 melanoma and MC38 adenocarcinoma tumor models. Mice lacking XBP1s in DCs display increased melanoma tumor growth, reduced T cell effector responses and accumulation of terminal exhausted CD8 + T cells. Transcriptomic studies revealed that XBP1 deficiency in tumor cDCls decreased expression of mRNAs encoding XBPls and regulated IRE1 dependent decay (RIDD) targets. Finally, we find that the dysregulated melanoma growth and impaired T cell immunity noticed in XBP1 deficient mice are attributed to RIDD induction in DCs. This work indicates that IREl RNase activity in melanoma/MC38-associated DCs fine tunes aspects of antitumor immunity independently of XBP1s, revealing a differential role for the UPR axis that depends on the DC subtype and cancer model.
Analog circuit for sound localization applications (2003)

We describe an analog CMOS circuit that computes the time (phase) delay between two 10 kHz sinusoids. This circuit can be used in sound localization applications. We realize a locking range of 10-170 degrees in less than 1 ms that is robust over process variations. Two receivers placed at a distance from one another intercept a sinusoidal waveform emanating from a sound source. The phase difference between the two signals is detected by the circuit, which gives an estimation of the distance of the source from the receivers. This solution is simpler and more elegant than current digital techniques that require specialized DSP hardware to be implemented in real time.
Identification of Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions on 3T MRI (2018)

Nearly all 7T paramagnetic rims can also be seen at 3T. Imaging at 3T opens the possibility of implementing paramagnetic rims as an outcome measure in multicenter, MR imaging-based clinical trials aimed at treating perilesional persistent inflammation and its potential effects on remyelination.
Reports on ECHO-28 Virus-Reply (1964)

In reply to Dr. Sartwell's comments concerning our report on the "affect of Neutralizing Antibody on Experimental Rhinovirus Infection" and the accompanying editorial, we would like to point out that Pelon, Mogabgab, and associates did in fact publish the first report on the isolation of ECHO-28 virus (designated GL-2060) and that publication of this report<sup>1</sup>preceded that of the initial report by Price by at least six months. On this basis, it would seem clear that Pelon, Mogabgab, and associates described the first virus belonging to the group now designated "rhinoviruses," and therefore the statement in the editorial is not inaccurate. After presenting their report in<i>Bacteriological Proceedings</i>, Pelon, Mogabgab, and co-workers published a more detailed account of their studies on ECHO-28 virus in the<i>Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine</i>(<b>94</b>:262 [Feb] 1957).
Cellular retinol-binding protein. Quantitation and distribution. (1984)

The distribution of cellular retinol-binding protein was localized in three tissues involved in the transport of vitamin A using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. In addition, a sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed to quantitate cellular retinol-binding protein in various tissues. In liver, the protein was found in the hepatocytes and in the perisinusoidal fat-storing cells. The columnar epithelial cells of the jejunum and the cells of the proximal tubuli also exhibit high concentrations of cellular retinol-binding protein. Estimations of the content of the protein in various tissues from normal and retinol-deficient rats showed that the retinol status did not affect the tissue levels or the subcellular distribution. The appearance of high amounts of this protein in cells involved in the dietary uptake, storage, mobilization, and resorption of vitamin A suggest that one function of the cellular retinol-binding protein is to act as a vehicle in the intracellular transport of retinol through these organs.
Reinforcement Learning: A Biological Perspective (2005)

Abstract Reinforcement learning is an approach to learning problems that takes account of the interaction of the learner with their reactive environment. Despite its early connections to animal learning, reinforcement learning has been an active field of study in engineering and computer science. New research is now starting to connect reinforcement learning to identifiable biological systems. These connections may well provide direct insights into goal‐directed learning and decision‐making in biological organisms.
Long-term freedom from ventricular fibrillation despite persistent Purkinje ectopy after catheter ablation (2022)

Key Teaching Points•Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is defined by ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurring in young adults with no discernible structural or electrocardiographic abnormalities.•A subset of IVF is induced by Purkinje ectopic beats (PurkE), and their ablation prevents VF recurrence.•Ablation of the surrounding Purkinje system without elimination of culprit PurkE may be sufficient to prevent VF recurrence. •Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is defined by ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurring in young adults with no discernible structural or electrocardiographic abnormalities.•A subset of IVF is induced by Purkinje ectopic beats (PurkE), and their ablation prevents VF recurrence.•Ablation of the surrounding Purkinje system without elimination of culprit PurkE may be sufficient to prevent VF recurrence.
Comments on the Origin and Spread of the 2019 Coronavirus (2020)

We propose that the new coronavirus which first appeared in the Hubei province of China was probably linked to the arrival of a pure culture of the virus contained in
	 cometary debris that was dispersed over a localised area of the planet namely China. The sighting of a fireball some 2000 kilometers north of Wuhan on 11 October 2019
	 followed shortly after with the first recorded cases in Hubei is suggestive of a causal link. Gene sequencing data of the virus that show little or no genetic variations
	 between isolates, combined with available epidemiological data point to the predominance of a transmission process directly from an “infected” environment, with personto-
	 person transmission playing a comparatively weaker secondary role. The facts relating to this epidemic are discussed and placed in the context of other pandemics
	 that have been recorded throughout history.
3D-printing models to create custom-made devices for coil embolisation of anastomotic leak after aortic arch replacement (2009)

Objective: The objective of this study was to show the use of 3D-printing models to fabricate a custom-made occlusion-device for coil embolisation of an anastomotic leak after replacement of the ascending aorta and the aortic arch.
Efficient Modeling of Charge Trapping at Cryogenic Temperatures—Part I: Theory (2021)

Charge trapping is arguably the most important detrimental mechanism distorting the ideal characteristics of MOS transistors, and nonradiative multiphonon (NMP) models have been demonstrated to provide a very accurate description. For the calculation of the NMP rates at room temperature or above, simple semiclassical approximations have been successfully used to describe this intricate mechanism. However, for the computation of charge transition rates at cryogenic temperatures, it is necessary to use the full quantum mechanical description based on Fermi’s golden rule. Since this is computationally expensive and often not feasible, we discuss an efficient method based on the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation in combination with the saddle point method and benchmark this approximation against the full model. We show that the approximation delivers excellent results and can, hence, be used to model charge trapping behavior at cryogenic temperatures.
Structure and dynamics of liquid carbon (1993)

Structural, dynamical, and electronic properties of liquid carbon are studied by molecular-dynamics simulation with the use of a well-tested tight-binding Hamiltonian. We demonstrate that tight-binding molecular dynamics has sufficient efficiency and accuracy for a realistic simulation study of complex carbon systems. Our extensive simulation results show that liquid carbon at low density is metallic and dominated by twofold and threefold atoms. On the other hand, the high-density liquid is found to exhibit considerable diamondlike tetrahedral bonding.
Plasmonic-Dielectric Systems for High-Order Dispersionless Slow or Stopped Subwavelength Light (2009)

A material platform of multilayered surface-plasmon-dielectric-polariton systems is introduced, along with a new physical mechanism enabling simultaneous cancellation of group-velocity and attenuation dispersion to extremely high orders for subwavelength light of any small positive, negative, or zero group velocity. These dispersion-free systems could have significant impact on the development of nanophotonics, e.g., in the design of efficient and very compact delay lines and active devices. The same dispersion-manipulation mechanism can be employed to tailor at will exotic slow-light dispersion relations.
Migration speed of captured breast cancer subpopulations correlates with metastatic fitness (2023)

The genetic alterations contributing to migration proficiency, a phenotypic hallmark of metastatic cells required for colonizing distant organs, remain poorly defined. Here, we used single-cell magneto-optical capture (scMOCa) to isolate fast cells from heterogeneous human breast cancer cell populations, based on their migratory ability alone. We show that captured fast cell subpopulations retain higher migration speed and focal adhesion dynamics over many generations as a result of a motility-related transcriptomic profile. Upregulated genes in isolated fast cells encoded integrin subunits, proto-cadherins and numerous other genes associated with cell migration. Dysregulation of several of these genes correlates with poor survival outcomes in people with breast cancer, and primary tumors established from fast cells generated a higher number of circulating tumor cells and soft tissue metastases in pre-clinical mouse models. Subpopulations of cells selected for a highly migratory phenotype demonstrated an increased fitness for metastasis.
A Quick and Easy Simulation Procedure to Aid in Metamaterial Unit-Cell Design (2011)

In this letter, a simple simulation procedure is presented and used to design a negative-index metamaterial unit cell. The procedure is based upon full-wave simulations of a single unit cell where electric and magnetic drives are separated to significantly simplify the interpretation of the effective-media response. More specifically, by extracting polarizabilities from the far-field response of the resonator under these drive conditions, the effective-media parameters are shown to be nicely correlated with the resonant responses of the resonator. For the purposes of demonstrating this simulation procedure, a negative-index metamaterial design based on a composite unit cell containing a split-ring-resonator and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> -dipole is employed as a straightforward example.
Mapping the location of psoralen ci nuclease sensitivity of RNA-DNA h: (ribosomal RNA/Shine-Dalgarno sequence/RNA secondary structur (2016)

An indirect high resolution method has been developed for finding the location of intrastrand crosslinks in RNA. An end-labeled DNA strand that overlaps the approxi- mate crosslink position is hybridized to ithe RNA and then treated with mung bean nuclease. The resulting digest is ana- lyzed on a sequencing-type gel. The method was tested with the major psoralen crosslink seen in the 16S rRNA of inactivated Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits. This crosslink was previously mapped between residues 930 ? 25 and a region close to the 3' end by electron microscopy. The new indirect method reveals that the crosslink occurs between residues 919 and 923 and residues 1530 and 1534. When these results are examined in the light of existing consensus secondary structure models for the 16S rRNA, it appears that the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is located close to the peptidyl tRNA binding site. Psoralen crosslinking is one of the few available techniques for examining the secondary and tertiary structures of large RNAs (1-4). Together with nucleotide sequence information (5) and many less direct methods (6), it has provided a fairly detailed picture of the structure of the 16S rRNA of Esche- richia coli. Psoralen crosslinking freezes features of a native RNA structure and preserves them during subsequent ma- nipulations. However, a technique is needed to map the lo- cation of the psoralen crosslinks. Electron microscopy is particularly effective for revealing crosslinks between RNA regions distant in the primary structure, but it cannot pro- vide the positions of these crosslinks more accurately than approximately ?20 nucleotides (3). Two alternate tech- niques use TI RNase digestion of crosslinked RNA: diagonal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzymatic sequenc- ing (4, 7). These methods have provided the precise location of a number of psoralen crosslinks but they appear to be fair- ly laborious. In addition, there is no obvious way to use these methods to focus on crosslinks between distant regions that are likely to be particularly crucial in the evaluation of secondary and tertiary structure models. A simple method is needed to determine the location of interesting psoralen crosslinks without interference from psoralen monoadducts.
Dynamics of tRNA: Experimental Neutron Spectra Compared with a Normal Mode Analysis (1994)

Abstract A comparison is made of experimental inelastic neutron scattering spectra from tRNA with spectra calculated from a normal mode analysis of the molecule. The experimental data indicate that a dynamic transition occurs with temperature, as is seen in proteins. At low temperatures a broad peak is seen in the dynamic structure factor, due to the lowest frequency collective modes. This peak is centered at ˜40 cm −1 , somewhat higher in frequency than that observed in small globular proteins. The vibrational frequency distribution calculated from the normal mode analysis rises to a broad maximum at 50 cm −1 , in general accord with the experiment. However, the lowest frequency vibrations in the harmonic model (&lt;40 cm −1 ) are not present in the experimental sample. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
Radical Polymers for Rechargeable Batteries (2020)

Radical polymers are one of the redox polymers and bear robust radical molecules per repeating unit. Some of the radical polymers are characterized by the rapid and reversible one-electron redox ability of the radical sites. A typical example is poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy methacrylate), which has a very positive redox potential. The combination of the high density of radical redox sites and the amorphous plasticized state coexisting with a small quantity of electrolytes allows for a rapid self-exchange reaction among the sites driven by a steep concentration gradient, which leads to efficient charge transport and storage throughout the polymers. The chemical bistability of the reduced and oxidized species of radical polymers permits an ultimate energy density and durable cyclability during charging and discharging. Lithium-ion and all-organic batteries have thus been fabricated using radical polymers as electrode-active materials. The output voltage of the batteries is constant, corresponding to their redox potential difference, and can be tuned by the molecular design. The batteries provide burst power, which also allows instant full charging in a few seconds. The syntheses of radical polymers and various types of radical polymer batteries are described herein, with their future perspectives.