gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near Field Resonator Isolation System: Theory to Implementation (2013)

The absence of electromagnetic wave motivates various studies of new communication channels in near field regime. An approach studied here is based on resonant inductive coupling and the use of Resonator Isolation (RI) system. The main concept of the RI system is to physically isolate two inductively coupled resonators from the signal input/output components. The resonators are charged with initial energy, and communicate by exchanging this energy according to the fundamental phenomenon of electromagnetic theory. Analyzing the energy exchange phenomenon, this paper presents two corresponding communication channel models for the RI system. Based on these channel models, the system architecture of the RI system is implemented at a chip level which consists of three components: resonator, analog switch, and digital process.
Cooperative action of the paralogous maize lateral organ boundaries (LOB) domain proteins RTCS and RTCL in shoot‐borne root formation (2015)

The paralogous maize (Zea mays) LBD (Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain) genes rtcs (rootless concerning crown and seminal roots) and rtcl (rtcs-like) emerged from an ancient whole-genome duplication. RTCS is a key regulator of crown root initiation. The diversity of expression, molecular interaction and phenotype of rtcs and rtcl were investigated. The rtcs and rtcl genes display highly correlated spatio-temporal expression patterns in roots, despite the significantly higher expression of rtcs. Both RTCS and RTCL proteins bind to LBD downstream promoters and act as transcription factors. In line with its auxin inducibility and binding to auxin response elements of rtcs and rtcl promoters, ARF34 (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 34) acts as transcriptional activator. Yeast two-hybrid screening combined with bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments revealed conserved and unique interaction partners of RTCS and RTCL. The rtcl mutation leads to defective shoot-borne root elongation early in development. Cooperative action of RTCS and RTCL during shoot-borne root formation was demonstrated by rtcs-dependent repression of rtcl transcription in coleoptilar nodes. Although RTCS is instrumental in shoot-borne root initiation, RTCL controls shoot-borne root elongation early in development. Their conserved role in auxin signaling, but diverse function in shoot-borne root formation, is underscored by their conserved and unique interaction partners.
Specular Flow and the Perception of Surface Reflectance (2010)

The relative motion between a moving observer and a fixed, specular surface results in a changing pattern of reflected image texture that appears to aid the interpretation of material properties [Hartung and Kersten, 2002]. Surface reflectance, however, can be judged from static scenes with known geometry using only spatial image statistics [Dror, Adelson, and Willsky, 2001]. To what extent does image motion alone contribute to the perception of surface reflectance? To isolate the contribution of motion from the spatial image statistics we define “specular flow” to be the 2D image motion of a reflected scene. To explore the effect of dense specular flow on the judgment of material properties, we develop novel random-dot stimuli of simple 3D scenes in which monocular image features move according to the 2D specular flow. In natural scenes object surfaces typically exhibit both specular and Lambertian reflectance and thus relative motion between the observer and such a surface results in an optic flow field containing both diffuse and specular components. To model this, we generate random-dot stimuli containing both diffuse and specular flow. Neither set of stimuli are perceived as reflective even when subjects form the correct 3D interpretation of the object and the specular motion. This suggests that spatial image cues are critical for the perception of surface reflectance. To what extent the specular flow of extended spatial image cues contributes to the interpretation of material properties remains an open question.
Aspartate mutation distinguishes ETA but not ETB receptor subtype‐selective ligand binding while abolishing phospholipase C activation in both receptors (1995)

The endothelin receptors, ETA and ETB, are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that show distinctively different binding profiles for the endothelin peptides and other ligands. We recently reported that Tyr129 in the second transmembrane region (TM2) of the ETA receptor was critical for subtype-specific ligand binding [Krystek, S.R. et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 12383-12386]. Receptor models indicated that aspartic acids located one helical turn above (Asp133) and below (Asp126) Tyr129 in ETA had their side chains directed toward the putative binding cavity. Similarly in ETB, Asp147 and Asp154 are located one turn below and above His150, the residue that corresponds to Tyr129. Asp126 in ETA and Asp147 in ETB correspond to the highly conserved aspartate present in TM2 of many GPCR that has frequently been shown to be crucial for agonist efficacy. Mutagenesis of Asp126 of the human ETA receptor to alanine resulted in an unaltered affinity for ET-1, a 160-fold increase in ET-3 affinity and a decrease in affinity for the ETA selective naphthalenesulfonamide, BMS-182874. ET-1 activation of phospholipase C was abolished. In addition, despite the gain in binding affinity, ET-3 failed to activate phospholipase C, suggesting that Asp126 is required for signal transduction. Mutagenesis of Asp133 to alanine indicated that it was critical only for the binding of BMS-182874. In the ETB receptor, mutation of His150 to alanine or tyrosine indicated that it plays a minor role in ETB subtype-selective ligand binding; mutation of the aspartates in TM2 of ETB did not alter ligand binding. As in the Asp126 Ala ETA variant, ET-1 and ET-3 failed to increase intracellular levels of inositol phosphates in the Asp147Ala ETB mutant. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that Asp126 and Asp133 flanking Tyr129 in TM2 of the ETA receptor play a role in defining ETA subtype-selective ligand binding but Asp147 and Asp154 that flank the His150 in TM2 of the ETB receptor do not. Furthermore, these data indicate that Asp126 in ETA and Asp147 in ETB are important for transmembrane signaling via phospholipase C.
Trauma: Hormonal Factors with Special Reference to Diabetes Mellitus (1974)

Three aspects of the role of hormones in stress will be reviewed: 1) changes in hormone secretion during stress, 2) metabolic alterations as a consequence of these changes in hormone production, and 3) the significance of hormones as permissive factors in stress reactions. It is emphasized that body tissues in general ‐ except for the central nervous system ‐ can make use of free fatty acids as a source of energy. In order to provide the central nervous system with its requirement for glucose, the glucose uptake in other tissues is restrained by two hormonally controlled mechanisms: 1) depression of insulin secretion and 2) increase in the concentration of free fatty acids in plasma (which by direct means depresses glucose uptake). Thus, these hormonal interactions provide large amounts of metabolic fuel and distribute them in an effective manner, so that the body can meet stress. In diabetics, an increased secretion of stress hormones in connection with trauma is observed. The metabolic and therapeutic implications of this finding are discussed.
Balancing polarization aberrations in crossed fold mirrors (2015)

The polarization aberrations of a fold mirror can be compensated by orienting a second fold mirror's p-polarization with the first mirror's s-polarization. This crossed-mirror configuration compensates the polarization for a single angle to zero and leaves a linear variation of diattenuation and retardance for a spherical wavefront. Two sets of crossed fold mirrors when properly oriented compensate the remaining linear variation and leave a much reduced quadratic variation in a large compensated field of view.
Imaging of IR700DX Labeled Mouse Breast Tumor Using a Custom Angle-Selective Fluorescence Contact Imaging System (2018)

Cancer treatment faces the challenge of identifying small clusters of residual tumor cells in the resection cavity after the gross section of tumor is surgically removed. Despite the introduction of targeted fluorescent probes to guide cancer surgeries, large, bulky, optical components restrict the ability of fluorescence imaging devices to detect small clusters of tumor cells in the complex surgical cavity. We have developed a small size-scale contact fluorescence image sensor that incorporates angle-selective gratings and a thin 15 m amorphous silicon optical wavelength filter for detecting residual cancer tissue in vivo. Using a custom fluorescent probe combining a fluorescent dye, IR700DX, with a targeted antibody, Trastuzumab, we label and visualize breast tissue in in vivo mouse models of breast cancer. When imaging tumorbearing mice injected with the probe, HER2+ breast cancer tissue intensity is 3.80.8 times brighter than other tissue. Excised cancer tumors and residual cancer attached to healthy tissue are imaged using the custom image sensor. Residual cancer tissue can be detected in real-time and is imaged with a high SNR of 45 dB using an integration time of only 40 ms.
Human kininogens interact with M protein, a bacterial surface protein and virulence determinant (1995)

Streptococcus pyogenes, the most significant streptococcal species in clinical medicine, expresses surface proteins with affinity for several human plasma proteins. Here we report that kininogens, the precursors to the vasoactive kinins, bind to the surface of S. pyogenes. M protein, a surface molecule and a major virulence factor-in these bacteria, occurs in > 80 different serotypes. Among 49 strains of S. pyogenes, all of different M serotypes, 41 bound radiolabelled kininogens, whereas 6 M protein-negative mutant strains showed no affinity. M protein of most serotypes bind fibrinogen, and among the 55 strains tested, binding of kininogens was closely correlated to fibrinogen binding (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001). Western blotting, slot binding and enzyme immunoassay experiments demonstrated that M proteins isolated from S. pyogenes of three different M protein serotypes (M1, M6 and M46) bound kininogens. The affinity between kininogens and M1 protein was determined to be 5 x 10(7) M-1 and < or = 10(6) M-1 for high molecular weight (H-kininogen) and low molecular weight kininogen, respectively. The kininogen binding site was tentatively mapped to the N-terminal portion of M1 protein, and this site does not overlap the specific and separate binding sites for albumin, IgG and fibrinogen using monoclonal antibodies to, and synthetic peptides of, the kininogen sequence, the major M protein-binding site(s) was mapped to the C-terminal portion of the H-kininogen light chain. We anticipate that the kininogen-M protein interaction contributes to the host-parasite relationship in S. pyogenes infections.
Nanosecond modulation of thermal emission (2019)

Femtosecond laser pulses are used to modulate the thermal emission from semiconductor materials at the nanosecond timescale. A visible-frequency laser photoexcites energetic free carriers in intrinsic Si and GaAs wafers. As these free carriers return to equilibrium, they not only emit thermal radiation on a picosecond time scale but also modulate the semiconductor thermal emission on a nanosecond to microsecond time scale, offering a novel route towards ultrafast infrared optical pulses.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Selective Method for the Preparation of Iodophenols. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Processing next to the pixel: Lessons from some developments at CEA-Leti (2014)

Processing the information next to the pixel offers promising possibilities to overcome the classical bottlenecks of image acquisition and processing. CEA-Leti has developed several image sensors with various degrees of parallelism and for various purposes. Indeed, massively parallel processing has been explored either for information extraction or for enhancing the dynamic range of images of "classical" imagers. One well known limitation of such massively processing approach is the limited area available in each pixel. Therefore CEA-Leti has explored the potentials of 3D IC stacking technologies. Yet, in many cases, a high degree of parallelism is not required and processing can be done at the column level. Even at this lower level of parallelism, significant gains in terms of power consumption and/or processing time can be achieved, on occasion by the implementation of emerging signal processing concepts.
O03.1 Natural history of genital and oral herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) shedding after first episode genital HSV-1 infection (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Genital HSV-1 has surpassed HSV-2 as a cause of first episode genital herpes in high-income settings. To inform counseling messages regarding prevention of genital HSV-1 transmission, we assessed oral and genital shedding patterns among persons with laboratory documented first episode genital HSV-1 infection. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants with virologic evidence of first episode genital HSV-1 infection self-collected oral and genital swabs for HSV PCR and completed symptom diaries for 30 days at 2 and 11 months after the first episode. Questionnaires about sexual practices were completed. Blood samples were collected at serial timepoints to assess antibody and cellular immune responses to HSV-1. HSV serostatus was determined using the HSV Western Blot, and those who were HSV seronegative at the time of enrollment had primary infection. The per-participant risk of oral and genital HSV-1 shedding during the first and second collection periods was determined. <h3>Results</h3> Of 62 participants who completed both swabbing sessions, 42 (68%) were women and 36 (58%) had primary HSV-1 infection. Of 54 who responded, 44 (81%) had a sex partner of the opposite gender and 43 (80%) had a single partner within 4 weeks prior to symptom onset. Genital HSV was detected on 205 (12.2%) of 1684 days at 2 months and declined significantly to 92 (5.5%) of 1668 days at 11 months (RR=0.45, 95% CI=0.24–0.85). On days when genital HSV was detected, the median quantity was higher at 11 months (4.2 log10 copies/ml) as compared to 2 months (3.2 log10 copies/ml), p&lt;0.0001). HSV was detected from the mouth on 4.1% of days and stable over the first year. Genital lesions were rare during both periods (104 (2.8%) of 3687 days). <h3>Conclusion</h3> HSV-1 genital shedding is rapidly contained after the first year of genital HSV-1 infection. Genital HSV-1 shedding is relatively infrequent, but does persist, one year after first episode infection. <h3>Disclosure</h3> No significant relationships.
Mutational Signatures of De-Differentiation in Functional Non-Coding Regions of Melanoma Genomes (2020)

Much emphasis has been placed on the identification, functional characterization, and therapeutic potential of somatic variants in tumor genomes. However, the majority of somatic variants lie outside coding regions and their role in cancer progression remains to be determined. In order to establish a system to test the functional importance of non-coding somatic variants in cancer, we created a low-passage cell culture of a metastatic melanoma tumor sample. As a foundation for interpreting functional assays, we performed whole-genome sequencing and analysis of this cell culture, the metastatic tumor from which it was derived, and the patient-matched normal genomes. When comparing somatic mutations identified in the cell culture and tissue genomes, we observe concordance at the majority of single nucleotide variants, whereas copy number changes are more variable. To understand the functional impact of non-coding somatic variation, we leveraged functional data generated by the ENCODE Project Consortium. We analyzed regulatory regions derived from multiple different cell types and found that melanocyte-specific regions are among the most depleted for somatic mutation accumulation. Significant depletion in other cell types suggests the metastatic melanoma cells de-differentiated to a more basal regulatory state. Experimental identification of genome-wide regulatory sites in two different melanoma samples supports this observation. Together, these results show that mutation accumulation in metastatic melanoma is nonrandom across the genome and that a de-differentiated regulatory architecture is common among different samples. Our findings enable identification of the underlying genetic components of melanoma and define the differences between a tissue-derived tumor sample and the cell culture created from it. Such information helps establish a broader mechanistic understanding of the linkage between non-coding genomic variations and the cellular evolution of cancer.
Impact of Aggressively Shallow Source/Drain Extensions on Device Performance (2005)

We investigated by numerical simulations the effect of aggressive reduction of the source/drain extension (SDE) depth X j on the performance of a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) of the 45-nm technology node. As an extreme case, the charge-transfer-doped SDE MOSFET (CTE-MOS), which has inversion-layer SDEs induced by surface charges, was considered. Assuming that the gate length L g fluctuation was ±20%, the substrate doping was set so that the off-state current was a specified value at L g =-20%, and the resulting drive current I on at L g =+20% was evaluated. When X j was reduced from 9.5 to 2.0 nm under a fixed impurity density of 2×10 20 cm -3 , I on increased by ∼27% because the SDE resistance increase was compensated for by the reduction of the short-channel effects. CTE-MOS exhibited a still better performance: 1–1.3 times I on and 1.1–1.4 times the reciprocal intrinsic delay at L g =+20% with 1.5–2.5 times the gate oxide thickness compared with the conventional MOSFETs with X j =9.5 nm. The feasibility of the CTE was experimentally demonstrated by the formation of electron inversion layers induced with Cs ions implanted into thermal oxide.
Supplementary Figure S5andS6 from H3B-6527 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of FGFR4 in FGF19-Driven Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Body weight data of H3B-6527 as single agent and in combination&lt;/p&gt;
Correlating Data from Imaging Modalities (2019)

This chapter focuses on past and current research paving the way for the future of image registration in correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). It introduces initiatives not directly related to CLEM, but which the authors expect to potentially have a big impact in the field if they can be adapted to the specific needs of CLEM. While registration procedures in general are a very active research field, there is only little development in biology compared to, e.g., the medical imaging community. The chapter first presents the different stages of current CLEM workflows where image registration comes into play. It then reminds the reader of the key concepts and elements involved in image and volume registration. The chapter also explores how some actual development could drastically change the field. It gives some general views, illustrates them by examples, and maybe triggers more developments in the field of CLEM by the bio image informatics community.
Using turbo iterative receiver to mitigate RPI effect in MIMO OFDM communication system (2011)

The received power imbalance (RPI) effect exists in multiple antennas wireless communications system due to design flaw, operator's negligence etc. The range of RPI can be from -10dB to 0dB and if the RPI information is not available at the receiver terminal, it can implement turbo iterative receiver by concatenating multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) demodulation (MIMO OFDM demodulation, MOD) serially by channel decoder such as low density parity check (LDPC) decoder or Convolution code (CC) decoder to mitigate the RPI effect and to maintain the system performance at certain acceptable level.
A tumor-targeted immune checkpoint blocker (2019)

To direct checkpoint inhibition to the tumor microenvironment, while avoiding systemic immune activation, we have synthesized a bispecific antibody [norleucine4, d-Phe7]-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH)-antiprogrammed cell death-ligand 1 antibody (αPD-L1) by conjugating a melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analog to the antiprogrammed cell death-ligand 1 to (αPD-L1) antibody avelumab. This bispecific antibody can bind to both the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and to PD-L1 expressed on melanoma cells and shows enhanced specific antitumor efficacy in a syngeneic B16-SIY melanoma mouse model compared with the parental antibody at a 5 mg/kg dose. Moreover, the bispecific antibody showed increased infiltrated T cells in the tumor microenvironment. These results suggest that a tumor-targeted PD-L1-blocking bispecific antibody could have a therapeutic advantage in vivo, especially when used in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors.
Recent applications of circular dichroism to structural problems, especially oligosaccharide structures (1984)

Abstract
Flory Theorem for Structurally Asymmetric Mixtures (2007)

The generalization of the Flory theorem for structurally asymmetric mixtures was derived and tested by direct visualization of conformational transformations of brushlike macromolecules embedded in a melt of linear chains. Swelling of a brush molecule was shown to be controlled not only by the degree of polymerization (DP) of the surrounding linear chains, N(B), but also by the DP of the brush's side chains, N, which determines the structural asymmetry of the mixed species. The boundaries of the swelling region were established by scaling analysis as N(2) < N (B) < N (A)/N, where N (A) is the degree of polymerization of the brush backbone. Experiment and theory demonstrated good agreement.
Unilateral Carotid Body Resection in Resistant Hypertension (2016)

Animal and human data indicate pathological afferent signaling emanating from the carotid body that drives sympathetically mediated elevations in blood pressure in conditions of hypertension. This first-in-man, proof-of-principle study tested the safety and feasibility of unilateral carotid body resection in 15 patients with drug-resistant hypertension. The procedure proved to be safe and feasible. Overall, no change in blood pressure was found. However, 8 patients showed significant reductions in ambulatory blood pressure coinciding with decreases in sympathetic activity. The carotid body may be a novel target for treating an identifiable subpopulation of humans with hypertension.