gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Night‐restricted feeding improves locomotor activity rhythm and modulates nutrient utilization to accelerate growth in rabbits (2020)

An unfavorable lifestyle disrupts the circadian rhythm, leading to metabolic dysfunction in adult humans and animals. Increasing evidence suggests that night-restricted feeding (NRF) can effectively prevent ectopic fat deposition caused by circadian rhythm disruption, and reduce the risk of metabolic diseases. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the prevention of obesity in adults by regulating dietary patterns, whereas limited attention has been paid to the effect of NRF on metabolism during growth and development. Here, we used weaning rabbits as models and found that NRF increased body weight gain without increasing feed intake, and promoted insulin-mediated protein synthesis through the mTOR/S6K pathway and muscle formation by upregulating MYOG. NRF improved the circadian clock, promoted PDH-regulated glycolysis and CPT1B-regulated fatty-acid β-oxidation, and reduced fat content in the serum and muscles. In addition, NRF-induced body temperature oscillation might be partly responsible for the improvement in the circadian clock and insulin sensitivity. Time-restricted feeding could be used as a nondrug intervention to prevent obesity and accelerate growth in adolescents.
Appendix A: XML and XML Schema (2004)

This appendix contains sections titled: Why XML? XML XML Schema Limitations Notes Exercises
A Field Experiment of Roadway Recognition and Data Transmission by Roadside Sensors for Autonomous Mobility Assistance System (AMAS) (2018)

Research and development (R&D) of an autonomous and automatic mobility assistance system (AMAS) in cooperation with the information communication technology (ICT) are undergoing. R&D of a technique to efficiently update and distribute dynamic map (DM), which is a database of the roadway information collected and analyzed by autonomous mobilities and roadside sensors, enables highly reliable and accurate automatic driving and automatic mobility control. For the verification of updating and distributing DM to autonomous mobilities, we developed a testbed system that acquires roadway information using roadside sensors namely wireless electronic traffic mirrors (WETMs), recognizes road objects and changes by the object recognition operations, and transfers the recognition information via a wireless communication system. In addition, we have implemented a method to drastically reduce the communication load by compressing the image information obtained from the roadside sensors, and verified it from the field experiments using the test-bed system.
Internal probing of submicron FETs and photoemission using individual oxide traps (1990)

In submicron field-effect transistors with channel area less than 0.5 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the capture or emission of a single electron (or hole) in the gate oxide has an easily observable effect on the device resistance. Measurements are described in which the time and amplitude of the resistance change due to each capture and emission event from an individual trap are extracted to obtain the average capture and emission times, and the amplitude of the resistance change, at different temperatures, device biases, and light intensities. Techniques are described for using the data at different biases to characterize the trap, find the location of the trap in the device, and then use the trap as a probe of the oxide field (or surface potential) and the surface charge density within a 5-50-Å radius of the trap. In some devices a single trap can be resolved over almost all designed bias regions of the FET near room temperature. In effect, individual traps can be used as internal probes into VLSI devices of the present and future. Results from 2D computer device modeling of these devices are used to evaluate and understand these techniques. Methods for applying these techniques to the study of device degradation are discussed. Data are presented in which photoemission is observed from a single electron trap.
Efficient Solid-Phase Chemical Synthesis of 5′-Triphosphates of DNA, RNA, and their Analogues (2010)

A robust, reproducible, and scalable method for the solid-phase synthesis of 5'-triphosphates of DNA, RNA, and their chemically modified analogues using 5'-H-phosphonate intermediates is described. 5'-Triphosphates of oligonucleotides with varying lengths and sequences containing different 5'-terminal nucleotides, with and without internal sugar-backbone modifications, were efficiently prepared as crude products or further purified by HPLC.
Measurement of the photon field, E&gt;150 eV on Sandia’s Z Facility (1999)

The Z Facility at Sandia National Laboratories utilizes z-pinch implosions to produce up to 2 MJ of x rays. On Z, bremsstrahlung radiation is produced in various parts of the machine as a product of both power flow electrons and those accelerated in the pinch region. An understanding of the energy spectra and intensity of this radiation is important to both the explanation of the z-pinch physics and the design of new diagnostics. A technique has been developed using a differential absorption spectrometer to measure the photon field for energies greater that 150 eV for bremsstrahlung from the z-pinch or the vacuum transmission lines. This article describes the techniques and results used to date.
Direct Nanomachining of Inorganic Transparent Materials Using Laser Plasma Soft X-Rays (2007)

We have investigated micromachining of a variety of materials by irradiation with laser plasma soft X-rays (LPSXs) at around 10 nm. The pulsed LPSXs were generated by irradiation of a Ta target in a vacuum chamber with Nd:YAG laser light at 532 nm, with a pulse duration of 7 ns, at a fluence of ∼104 J/cm2. The LPSXs were focused on the surfaces of samples using an ellipsoidal mirror that is designed so that LPSXs at around 10 nm are focused efficiently. We found that quartz glass plates are ablated by LPSX irradiation at a typical rate of 48 nm/shot. Furthermore, the ablated regions have smooth surfaces with a roughness less than 10 nm after 10 shots of LPSX irradiation. It is demonstrated that quartz glass is machined with a lateral resolution higher than 100 nm. In addition to quartz glass, the LPSX processing can be applied to micromachining of a variety of materials such as Pyrex, CaF2, LiF, LiNbO3, Si and silicone.
A simple proof that random matrices are democratic (2009)

The recently introduced theory of compressive sensing (CS) enables the reconstruction of sparse or compressible signals from a small set of nonadaptive, linear measurements. If properly chosen, the number of measurements can be significantly smaller than the ambient dimension of the signal and yet preserve the significant signal information. Interestingly, it can be shown that random measurement schemes provide a near-optimal encoding in terms of the required number of measurements. In this report, we explore another relatively unexplored, though often alluded to, advantage of using random matrices to acquire CS measurements. Specifically, we show that random matrices are democractic, meaning that each measurement carries roughly the same amount of signal information. We demonstrate that by slightly increasing the number of measurements, the system is robust to the loss of a small number of arbitrary measurements. In addition, we draw connections to oversampling and demonstrate stability from the loss of significantly more measurements.
Osteogenic imprinting upstream of marrow stromal cell differentiation (2000)

Five spontaneously transformed cell lines were established from a population of murine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the expression profiles of phenotype-characteristic genes, patterns of in vitro differentiation, and osteogenic capacity after in vivo transplantation were determined for each. All the clones expressed stable levels of cbfa1, the osteogenic "master" gene, whereas the levels of individual phenotypic mRNAs were variable within each, suggestive of both maturational and phenotypic plasticity in vitro. Varying levels of collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were expressed in all the clonal lines. The clonal lines with proven in vivo osteogenic potential (3 out of 5) had a high proliferation rate and expressed bone sialoprotein (BSP), whereas the two nonosteogenic clones proliferated more slowly and never expressed BSP. Bone nodules were only observed in 2 out of 3 of the osteogenic lines, and only 1 out of three formed cartilage-like matrix in vitro. There was no evidence of chondrogenesis in the nonosteogenic lines. By contrast, LPL was expressed in two osteogenic and in two nonosteogenic lines. These results demonstrate the presence of multipotential and restricted progenitors in the murine stromal system. cbfa1, collagen type I, and AP expression were common to all, and therefore presumably early, basic traits of stromal cell lines that otherwise significantly differ with respect to growth and differentiation potential. This finding suggests that an osteogenic imprinting lies upstream of diversification, modulation, and restriction of stromal cell differentiation potential.
Fast motion estimation for real-time shape-adaptive MPEG-4 encoding (2000)

This paper presents a fast motion estimator which can be used for real-time MPEG-4 encoding of arbitrarily shaped video objects. The approach is based on an existing algorithm which has already been applied successfully to format conversion. To exploit it for shape-adaptive coding, the algorithm has been adapted to the special properties of the MPEG-4 standard. With this new tool it becomes possible to encode arbitrarily shaped video objects (CIF, 25 Hz) in real-time with a MPEG-4 software encoder at a Pentium III 500 MHz. The real-time capability has to be paid by a slight loss of coding efficiency (about 0.2 dB in terms of rate-distortion measurements), compared to the MPEG-4 verification model.
Mediator and SAGA Have Distinct Roles in Pol II Preinitiation Complex Assembly and Function (2012)

A key feature of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) preinitiation complexes (PICs) is their ability to coordinate transcription initiation with chromatin modification and remodeling. To understand how this coordination is achieved, we employed extensive proteomic and mechanistic analyses to study the composition and assembly of PICs in HeLa cell and mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) nuclear extracts. Strikingly, most of the machinery that is necessary for transcription initiation on chromatin is part of the PIC. The PIC is nearly identical between ESCs and HeLa cells and contains two major coactivator complexes: Mediator and SAGA. Genome-wide analysis of Mediator reveals that it has a close correlation with Pol II, TATA-binding protein, and messenger RNA levels and thus may play a major role in PIC assembly. Moreover, Mediator coordinates assembly of the Pol II initiation factors and chromatin machinery into a PIC in vitro, whereas SAGA acts after PIC assembly to allow transcription on chromatin.
Power estimation in LTE systems with the general framework of standard interference mappings (2014)

We devise novel techniques to obtain the downlink power inducing a given load in long-term evolution (LTE) systems, where we define load as the fraction of resource blocks in the time-frequency grid being requested by users from a given base station. These techniques are particularly important because previous studies have proved that the data rate requirement of users can be satisfied with lower transmit energy if we allow the load to increase. Those studies have also shown that obtaining the power assignment inducing a desired load profile can be posed as a fixed point problem involving standard interference mappings, but so far the mappings have not been obtained explicitly. One of our main contributions in this study is to close this gap. We derive an interference mapping having as its fixed point the power assignment inducing a desired load, assuming that such an assignment exists. Having this mapping in closed form, we simplify the proof of the aforementioned known results, and we also devise novel iterative algorithms for power computation that have many numerical advantages over previous methods.
Modulating mutational outcomes and improving precise gene editing at CRISPR-Cas9-induced breaks by chemical inhibition of end-joining pathways (2023)

Gene editing through repair of CRISPR-Cas9-induced chromosomal breaks offers a means to correct a wide range of genetic defects. Directing repair to produce desirable outcomes by modulating DNA repair pathways holds considerable promise to increase the efficiency of genome engineering. Here, we show that inhibition of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) can be exploited to alter the mutational outcomes of CRISPR-Cas9. We show robust inhibition of TMEJ activity at CRISPR-Cas9-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) using ART558, a potent polymerase theta (Polϴ) inhibitor. Using targeted sequencing, we show that ART558 suppresses the formation of microhomology-driven deletions in favor of NHEJ-specific outcomes. Conversely, NHEJ deficiency triggers the formation of large kb-sized deletions, which we show are the products of mutagenic TMEJ. Finally, we show that combined chemical inhibition of TMEJ and NHEJ increases the efficiency of homology-driven repair (HDR)-mediated precise gene editing. Our work reports a robust strategy to improve the fidelity and safety of genome engineering.
Determination de la preference diastereofaciale de l'addition 1-4 d'organocuprates sur des cetones lineaires alpha-beta insaturees conjuguees, gamma-delta diastereoselectivement disubstitues. - etude de la reaction de metalla-claisen en serie allenique. Applications a diverses carbocyclisations (1991)

- dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes attaches a determiner le mecanisme de l'addition 1-4 d'organocuprates sur des enones gamma-delta disubstituees. Pour cela, nous avons mis au point une synthese totalement diastereoselective des deux isomeres d'une enone gamma methylee, delta hydroxylee, dont la fonction hydroxyle est protegee sous forme d'ether silyle ou d'ether de methoxyethoxymethyle. L'addition de divers organocuprates sur ces quatre enones a montre que l'enone syn protegee sous forme d'ether silyle subit l'addition 1-4 suivant un processus anti totalement diastereoselectif. Quant a l'isomere anti, si l'addition est globalement anti, sa diastereoselectivite diminue lorsque la taille du cuprate augmente. Dans le cas de l'enone protegee sous la forme de methoxyethoxymethylether, l'addition 1-4 est toujours anti et totalement stereoselective dans le cas de l'enone syn, et de bonne stereoselectivite dans le cas de l'enone anti, grace a une chelation du cuprate par les oxygenes presents. Cette chelation n'ayant pu etre mise en evidence dans le cas de l'enone syn, nous avons propose un mecanisme different pour l'addition 1-4 d'organocuprates sur les enones syn ou anti. - dans un second temps, une etude mecanistique de la reaction de metalla-claisen nous a permis d'observer de nouvelles reactivites des composes organozinciques dans le cadre des carbocyclisations. Ainsi, nous avons mis en evidence le potentiel du zinc dans des reactions metallo-enes dimetalliques et dans des carbocyclisations d'alkyl et de proparoylzinciques omega ethyleniques
Activation of β-galactosidase by monoclonal antibodies (1982)

Four monoclonal cell lines secreting antibodies that activate the beta-galactosidase protein from lac-aba strains of Escherichia coli have been isolated. One of the antibodies, BG 79, inhibits the normal beta-galactosidase from E. coli in addition to its activation of the protein from mutants. Moreover, when in combination with any of the other activating antibodies, BG 79 exhibits synergistic activation of the beta-galactosidase protein, and the synergistically activated enzyme is stimulated by methanol, although most of the proteins activated by single antibodies are inhibited by methanol. The equilibrium of binding of BG 79 to the beta-galactosidase protein is not affected by the presence of a second antibody, and the half-time for activation by BG 79 is only slightly, though significantly, increased by preincubation of the protein with the second antibody. Our results imply that activation of beta-galactosidase proteins is not a simple correction of a conformational defect, and that many distinct active conformations are available to the enzyme.
Rapid comparison of metabolic equivalence of standard medicinal parts from medicinal plants and their in vitro-generated adventitious roots using FT-IR spectroscopy (2015)

Myung Suk Ahn, Sung Ran Min, Eun Yee Jie, Eun Jin So, So Yeon Choi, Byeong Cheol Moon, Young Min Kang, So-Young Park, and Suk Weon Kim. J Plant Biotechnol 2015;42:257-64. https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2015.42.3.257
Ion segregation in an ionic liquid confined within chitosan based chemical ionogels (2015)

Ionogels based on <italic>in situ</italic> crosslinking of chitosan in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIm Ac) are synthesized, and studied from macroscopic properties to preferred interactions at the host matrix/EMIm Ac interface.
Persistance and Single‐Plant Productivity in Nondormant Alfalfa (1996)

Plant mortality is generally substantial in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) fields both at establishment and during the productive life of the stand. Most research has examined the effects of mortality on alfalfa yield per unit area. Consequences of mortality within a population on single*plant productivity have received relatively little attention. Understanding the basis for this mortality could affect management practices and the breeding and testing of alfalfa cultivars. The objective of this study was to describe agronomic, morphological, and physiological traits associated with persistence in nondormant alfalfa. This was accomplished by comparing two populations of S 1 progenies derived from 60 surviving 6‐yr‐old plants from a commercial field of ‘CUF‐101’ (=field‐derived [FD] population) and 60 greenhouse‐grown CUF‐101 plants (=greenhouse‐derived [GHD] population) in field and greenhouse trials at Tucson, AZ. In a field trial, crown mortality, as measured by the percent live stems, did not differ significantly between the populations. Total forage yield, yield in winter and spring, and stem elongation rates were significantly greater in the GHD population. Root weight, total plant weight, root/shoot weight ratio, and concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates in the root were significantly greater in the FD population in a greenhouse trial. Differences observed between the two populations are consistent with the elimination of presumably less competitive plants with smaller root systems and plants intolerant of grazing in the winter and early spring. This research suggests that mortality within stands of nondormant alfalfa is less likely for plants with larger roots and generally slower growth patterns that are typically associated with increased fall dormancy.
The Effects of Political Socialization Programmes: The Youth Parliament Experience in Brazil (2015)

Abstract This article investigates the changes that civic education programmes produce in their participants, and offers an integrated view of the determinants as well as the resulting effect patterns. The main conclusions are: 1) values are more resistant to change than motivation, political knowledge, and attitudes towards political institutions; 2) cognitive gains and attitudinal changes are more likely to occur (and with greater intensity) when the object belongs to the programme’s environment; 3) the effects on political participation do not occur in the present, but the data indicates a tendency towards greater participation later in adult life; 4) the programme’s quality and the participant’s motivation stand out because, usually, they affect the influence of other factors. The object of this study is the Mineiro Youth Parliament in its 2008 edition. The research design follows the logic of quasi-experimental research [Campbell, D. and J. Stanley (1979)
Second Order Sequential Best Rotation Algorithm with Householder Reduction for Polynomial Matrix Eigenvalue Decomposition (2019)

The Second-order Sequential Best Rotation (SBR2) algorithm, used for Eigenvalue Decomposition (EVD) on para-Hermitian polynomial matrices typically encountered in wideband signal processing applications like multichannel Wiener filtering and channel coding, involves a series of delay and rotation operations to achieve diagonalisation. In this paper, we proposed the use of Householder transformations to reduce polynomial matrices to tridiagonal form before zeroing the dominant element with rotation. Similar to performing Householder reduction on conventional matrices, our method enables SBR2 to converge in fewer iterations with smaller order of polynomial matrix factors because more off-diagonal Frobenius-norm (F-norm) could be transferred to the main diagonal at every iteration. A reduction in the number of iterations by 12.35% and 0.1% improvement in reconstruction error is achievable.
Dynamic Modeling of a 110-Cell PEM Fuel Stack Considering Temperature and Two-Phase Effects (2010)

Dynamic models currently proposed in published papers are either based on Computational Fluid Dynamics or lumped parameters. The model based on the CFD needs high number of parameters and variables that cannot be easily measured and characterized, while the lumped model does not well represent the real behavior. We developed a stack model that considers two-phase effects in gas flow channels and gas diffusion layers, and temperature effects in the cell. Firstly, we construct a 20 cell model and analyze the cell performance dependent upon locations of the cells. The results of distribution of the physical quantities are used to extend the cells to a 100 cell. Included are analyses of the dynamic performances of the 20-cell stack and the proposed 110-cell stack models.
Magnetic Coupling betweenHe3andF19at Low Temperatures (1983)

Measurements of relaxation phenomena between liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ nuclei in small fluorocarbon particles are reported. Magnetic cross relaxation between the $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ in the substrate and the liquid is observed in measurements between 1 K and 0.6 mK. The spin temperatures remain strongly coupled in magnetic fields up to 125 mT. Moreover it is observed that there is a decrease in magnetic relaxation time at the onset of superfluidity in the liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and that the thermal relaxation times are remarkably short at all temperatures.
Ionosphere Spatial Gradient Threat for LAAS: Mitigation and Tolerable Threat Space (2004)

The ionosphere spatial gradient and its temporal rate of change in the vicinity of a LAAS-equipped airport are likely to influence the architecture required to meet the