gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dataset Creation Pipeline for Camera-Based Heart Rate Estimation (2023)

Heart rate is one of the most vital health metrics which can be utilized to investigate and gain intuitions into various human physiological and psychological information. Estimating heart rate without the constraints of contact-based sensors thus presents itself as a very attractive field of research as it enables well-being monitoring in a wider variety of scenarios. Consequently, various techniques for camera-based heart rate estimation have been developed ranging from classical image processing to convoluted deep learning models and architectures. At the heart of such research efforts lies health and visual data acquisition, cleaning, transformation, and annotation. In this paper, we discuss how to prepare data for the task of developing or testing an algorithm or machine learning model for heart rate estimation from images of facial regions. The data prepared is to include camera frames as well as sensor readings from an electrocardiograph sensor. The proposed pipeline is divided into four main steps, namely removal of faulty data, frame and electrocardiograph timestamp de-jittering, signal denoising and filtering, and frame annotation creation. Our main contributions are a novel technique of eliminating jitter from health sensor and camera timestamps and a method to accurately time align both visual frame and electrocardiogram sensor data which is also applicable to other sensor types.
Automated plankton image analysis using convolutional neural networks (2018)

Abstract The rise of in situ plankton imaging systems, particularly high‐volume imagers such as the In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System, has increased the need for fast processing and accurate classification tools that can identify a high diversity of organisms and nonliving particles of biological origin. Previous methods for automated classification have yielded moderate results that either can resolve few groups at high accuracy or many groups at relatively low accuracy. However, with the advent of new deep learning tools such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the automated identification of plankton images can be vastly improved. Here, we describe an image processing procedure that includes preprocessing, segmentation, classification, and postprocessing for the accurate identification of 108 classes of plankton using spatially sparse CNNs. Following a filtering process to remove images with low classification scores, a fully random evaluation of the classification showed that average precision was 84% and recall was 40% for all groups. Reliably classifying rare biological classes was difficult, so after excluding the 12 rarest taxa, classification accuracy for the remaining biological groups became &gt; 90%. This method provides proof of concept for the effectiveness of an automated classification scheme using deep‐learning methods, which can be applied to a range of plankton or biological imaging systems, with the eventual application in a variety of ecological monitoring and fisheries management contexts.
A simulation design for verification and development of Fibre Channel (2002)

The design of a simulator that is being used to verify Fibre Channel (a proposed standard for a serial I/O channel) is discussed. The complexity and incomplete state of the standard make verification through simulation both important and difficult. The simulator is also intended for subsequent use as a tool for Fibre Channel development. The need to meet the requirements of both verification and development has important implications of the simulator's design. These implications are described, together with some of the resulting tradeoffs.
A Short-Segment Fourier Transform Methodology (2009)

Abstract : A short-segment Fourier-transform methodology is introduced. This method addresses the problem of reduced frequency resolution associated with desirable decreases in data segment lengths for accomplishing spectral analyses of sampled signals and data sequences. The method is characterized by user-defined sampling of the continuous-valued discrete-time Fourier transform, superresolution in the frequency domain and allowance of Dirac delta functions associated with pure sinusoidal input data components.
Supplementary Fig. S6 from Potentiation of antileukemic therapies by Smac mimetic, LBW242: effects on mutant FLT3-expressing cells (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S6 from Potentiation of antileukemic therapies by Smac mimetic, LBW242: effects on mutant FLT3-expressing cells
Doubly diastereoselective [3,3]-sigmatropic aza-Claisen rearrangements (2009)

The doubly diastereoselective [3,3]-sigmatropic aza-Claisen rearrangement of silylketene aminals derived from 5-substituted (3S,4E,alphaR)-1-benzyloxy-3-[N-acyl-N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)amino]pent-4-enes furnishes 2,3-disubstituted (R)-N-alpha-methylbenzyl (2S,3R,4E)-7-benzyloxyhept-4-enamides in >90% de under the "matched" control of both stereogenic centres. Rearrangement of the "mismatched" diastereomeric (3R,4E,alphaR)-substrates proceeds with low diastereoselectivity. The substrate scope of the doubly diastereoselective rearrangement of the "matched" substrates in which two new stereogenic centres are created has been delineated.
Mass Spectrometry of Nonmolecular Materials: 252Cf-Plasma Desorption and Gas-Phase Clustering of Cadmium Thiolate Compounds (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass Spectrometry of Nonmolecular Materials: 252Cf-Plasma Desorption and Gas-Phase Clustering of Cadmium Thiolate CompoundsA. Grey Craig, Keith J. Fisher, Robert Garbutt, Ian G. Dance, and Peter J. DerrickCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 13, 2890–2912Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00091a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00091a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Metastatic Potential and Chemoresistance of Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells (2016)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) typically have the capacity to evade chemotherapy and may be the principal source of metastases. CSCs for human pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) have been identified, but neither the metastatic potential nor the chemoresistance of these cells has been adequately evaluated. We have addressed these issues by examining side-population (SP) cells isolated from the Panc-1 and BxPC3 lines of human PDAC cells, the oncogenotypes of which differ. SP cells could be isolated from monolayers of Panc-1, but only from spheroids of BxPC3. Using orthotopic xenografts into the severely immunocompromised NSG mouse, we found that SP cells isolated from both cell lines produced tumors that were highly metastatic, in contrast to previous experience with PDAC cell lines. SP cells derived from both cell lines expressed the ABCG2 transporter, which was demonstrably responsible for the SP phenotype. SP cells gave rise to non-SP (NSP) cells in vitro and in vivo, a transition that was apparently due to posttranslational inhibition of the ABCG2 transporter. Twenty-two other lines of PDAC cells also expressed ABCG2. The sensitivity of PDAC SP cells to the vinca alkaloid vincristine could be greatly increased by verapamil, a general inhibitor of transporters. In contrast, verapamil had no effect on the killing of PDAC cells by gemcitabine, the current first-line therapeutic for PDAC. We conclude that the isolation of SP cells can be a convenient and effective tool for the study of PDAC CSCs; that CSCs may be the principal progenitors of metastasis by human PDAC; that the ABCG2 transporter is responsible for the SP phenotype in human PDAC cells, and may be a ubiquitous source of drug-resistance in PDAC, but does not confer resistance to gemcitabine; and that inhibition of ABCG2 might offer a useful adjunct in a therapeutic attack on the CSCs of PDAC.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Combining Oncolytic HSV-1 with Immunogenic Cell Death-Inducing Drug Mitoxantrone Breaks Cancer Immune Tolerance and Improves Therapeutic Efficacy (2023)

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Abstract IA29: Functional genomics, experimental models and cancer (2013)

Abstract Large scale characterization of cancer genomes has led to information regarding the identify, number, and types of alterations found in human tumors. However, the large number of mutations identified to date require complementary approaches to understand the function of these mutated genes and to elucidate pathways involved in cancer initiation and progression. Over the past several years, we have developed genome scale RNAi libraries and open reading frame expression libraries that permit a systematic evaluation of genes involved in cancer initiation and maintenance. We have used these tools to dissect known and novel pathways involved in malignant transformation. In particular, we have dissected the signaling pathways related to beta catenin and KRAS, two well-known cancer drivers that have proven difficult to target therapeutically. These approaches have identified new components of these pathways, which may provide a foundation for therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: William C. Hahn. Functional genomics, experimental models and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA29.
Development of a Novel in-situ Telomere Length Quantification System to Address Suitability of Telomerase Inhibitor Therapy to Breast Cancer Following Corrective Surgery (2002)

Abstract : Normal breast epithelial cells undergo progressive telomeric shortening throughout their replicative lifespan culminating in critically short telomeres, which trigger replicative senescence. Breast cancer cells are able to bypass this growth-arrest mechanism through deregulated expression of telomerase, which maintains telomeres above the minimal critical length. Based on this observation the suitability of these tumors to telomerase inhibitors as direct or adjuvant therapy needs to be determined. To do this we have developed a novel 3-D quantitative fluorescence in-situ hybridization system to analyze total nuclear telomeric signal from normal and tumor-derived breast epithelial cells in tissue culture. This technique has been applied to tumor-derived breast epithelial cells successfully and will be applied to two normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cell (HMEC) lines, HME13 and HME17. Collection of regular cell and DNA samples has enabled us to determine the mean telomere lengths and rate of shortening for these HMEC lines. We will use Q-FISH to determine a per nuclei telomere dynamic. These findings will then be applied to 3-D models before finally generating predictions of telomere lengths within resected breast tumor samples. This will allow us to determine the suitability of telomerase inhibitors in vivo.
Catheter delivery systems for infusions into the cortex (2011)

In the context of intraparenchymal delivery of therapeutic agents into brain parenchyma for the purpose of treating serious brain diseases, we present the scientific and medical need for infusion from a single source to cover a large area of the cerebral cortex, which we refer to as 'surface-contoured distributions' (SCD). The designs of two devices suitable for obtaining such SCD's are described, and the results of preliminary experimental studies with prototypes of them are reported. The studies were done in ex vivo samples of mammalian brain tissues, and histological sections of the brains confirmed that we had covered the large surface area desired. Work to test that the infusate penetrates the thickness of the cortex remains for the future.
An Efficient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Ketones Using Perfluoroalkyllithiums (1987)

Abstract Perfluoroalkylation of esters with perf luoroalkyllithiums occurs smoothly in ether at −78 °C, giving the corresponding perfluoroalkyl ketones in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETISCHE ANALOGA VON POLYNUCLEOTIDEN 9. MITT. SYNTH. VON 3′‐O‐CARBOXYMETHYL‐2′‐DESOXY‐RIBONUCLEOSIDEN UND IHRE VERWENDUNG BEI DER SYNTH. EINES ANALOGEN VON 2′‐DESOXY‐ADENYLYL‐(3′‐5′)‐THYMIDIN‐3′‐PHOSPHAT (1973)

Abstract Selektive Acetylierung der 4‐Amino‐Gruppe von 2′‐Desoxy‐cytidin und Einfü rung der Triphenylmethylgruppe in üblicher Weise liefert das Desoxycytidin (I), das mit Na‐chloracetat (II) in DMSO in Gegenwart von NaH zu (IIIa) rea giert (die Abspaltung der Acetyl‐Gruppe erfolgt bei der Isolierung).
Orientation of mesochannels in continuous mesoporous silica films by a high magnetic field (2005)

The effect of a high magnetic field on the orientation of mesochannels in continuous mesoporous silica films is demonstrated; the orientation of mesochannels in the film can be induced parallel to the magnetic field, though the effect is not complete.
Involvement of the MyD88-independent pathway in controlling the intracellular fate ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiinfection in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) (2010)

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium which is capable of surviving and multiplying inside macrophages. B. pseudomallei strain SRM117, a LPS mutant which lacks the O-antigenic polysaccharide moiety, is more susceptible to macrophage killing during the early phase of infection than is its parental wild type strain (1026b). In this study, it was shown that the wild type is able to induce expression of genes downstream of the MyD88-dependent (ikappabzeta, il-6 and tnf-alpha), but not of the MyD88-independent (inos, ifn-beta and irg-1), pathways in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. In contrast, LPS mutant-infected macrophages were able to express genes downstream of both pathways. To elucidate the significance of activation of the MyD88-independent pathway in B. pseudomallei-infected macrophages, the expression of TBK1, an essential protein in the MyD88-independent pathway, was silenced prior to the infection. The results showed that silencing the tbk1 expression interferes with the gene expression profile in LPS mutant-infected macrophages and allows the bacteria to replicate intracellularly, thus suggesting that the MyD88-independent pathway plays an essential role in controlling intracellular survival of the LPS mutant. Moreover, exogenous IFN-gamma upregulated gene expression downstream of the MyD88-independent pathway, and interfered with intracellular survival in both wild type and tbk1-knockdown macrophages infected with either the wild type or the LPS mutant. These results suggest that gene expression downstream of the MyD88-independent pathway is essential in regulating the intracellular fate of B. pseudomallei, and that IFN-gamma regulates gene expression through the TBK1-independent pathway.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones with Polymer-Supported Chiral 1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine (2003)

[reaction: see text] A poly(ethylene glycol)-supported chiral diamine (PEG-2), in which the polymer is attached to the phenyl rings, has been synthesized and shown to be highly effective in asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized aromatic ketones with the possibility of reuse. PEG-2 can also serve as a chiral scaffold on which various immobilized chiral catalysts could be easily built.
Coded excitation reconstruction by impulse response estimation and retrospective acquisition (2015)

Coded excitation (CE) imaging enables large time-bandwidth waveform transmissions, which are often pulse-compressed by matched filtering (MF). Much research investigates schemes for reducing MF sidelobes to decrease clutter with distributed targets. The goal of this presentation is to harmonize CE transmission with the image quality of Synthetic Transmit Aperture (STA) imaging at high frame rates. We propose a two-step process that estimates medium impulse responses (IR), then retrospectively images using the IR set. In this way, the probing code sequence is used optimally yet is decoupled from the imaging step, circumventing the sidelobe problem. The method first estimates transmit-receive (TR) pair IR of the acoustic medium, using random codes transmitted simultaneously across channels and acquisition intervals. Linear model theory solves for unbiased estimates of the IR set. In the second step, retrospective STA imaging excites the estimated IR set, using it as a simulation of the medium. Retrospective transmit signals and apodizing can differ at each pixel. We show the resulting beamformed pixels are unbiased estimates of STA pixels, and that time diversity in codes improves estimation error over static codes. To address tissue motion, the model is extended to polynomial and Fourier basis. We also demonstrate retrospective transmission of a transducer-compensated pulse in the imaging step, bypassing the limited precision of tri-state transmitter hardware.
Integrated storage devices forropeway plants: useful tools forpeakshaving (2007)

The papersuggests themaindesign guidelines for compoundstoring systems withelectrochemical batteries andsupercapacitors forropeways. Thesizing procedure involve thereduction ofbothenergycosts andpeakpower demands. Thedesigning procedure ofthestorage system is derived fromtheoretical considerations. Itleads toevaluate theratings ofalldevices capable ofsatisfying theload requirements. Economical aspects arereported withtheaim ofquantifying theadditional costs andthepossible savings ofsuchasystem inropeways. IndexTerms-electrochemical devices, supercapacitors, batteries.
Recommendations towards standards for quantitative MRI (qMRI) and outstanding needs (2019)

5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Role of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in focal therapy of prostate cancer: report from a Consensus Panel (2012)

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Focal therapy techniques are emerging in prostate cancer treatment. However, several key questions about patient selection, treatment and monitoring still have to be addressed. The concept of focal therapy is barely discussed in current urological guidelines. In the present manuscript, we report the results of a consensus meeting focused on ultrasonography, the most common used urological imaging method, in relation to focal therapy of prostate cancer. • To establish a consensus on the utility of ultrasonography (US) to select patients for focal therapy. Topics were the current status of US to determine focality of prostate cancer, to monitor and assess outcome of focal therapy and the diagnostic advantages of new US methods. In addition, the biopsy techniques required to identify focal lesions were discussed. • Urological surgeons, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and basic researchers from Europe and North America participated in a consensus meeting on the use of transrectal US (TRUS) in focal therapy of prostate cancer. The consensus process was face-to-face and specific clinical issues were raised and discussed with agreement sought when possible. • TRUS is commonly used and essential for diagnosing men with prostate cancer. It is particularly useful for targeting specific anatomical regions or visible lesions. However, it has several limitations and there is a need for improvement. Newer visualisation techniques, e.g. colour Doppler US, contrast-enhanced US and elastography, are being developed but currently there is no US technique that can accurately characterise a cancer suitable for focal therapy. Systematic biopsy is the only known procedure that allows the identification of prostate cancers suitable for focal therapy. Scarce data exist about the role of US for monitoring patients during or after ablative therapy. • Consensus was reached on all key aspects of the meeting. • US cannot reliably identify focal prostate cancer. New US methods show promising results in identifying prostate cancer focality. • Currently selecting appropriate candidates for focal therapy should be performed using dedicated protocols and biopsy schemes.
Lighting Up the Plasma Membrane: Development and Applications of Fluorescent Ligands for Transmembrane Proteins (2021)

Despite the fact that transmembrane proteins represent the main therapeutic targets for decades, complete and in-depth knowledge about their biochemical and pharmacological profiling is not fully available. In this regard, target-tailored small-molecule fluorescent ligands are a viable approach to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle. Such tools, coupled with the ability of high-precision optical techniques to image with an unprecedented resolution at a single-molecule level, helped unraveling many of the conundrums related to plasma proteins' life-cycle and druggability. Herein, we review the recent progress made during the last two decades in fluorescent ligand design and potential applications in fluorescence microscopy of voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels and G-coupled protein receptors.
Quantization as Histogram Segmentation: Optimal Scalar Quantizer Design in Network Systems (2008)

An algorithm for scalar quantizer design on discrete-alphabet sources is proposed. The proposed algorithm can be used to design fixed-rate and entropy-constrained conventional scalar quantizers, multiresolution scalar quantizers, multiple description scalar quantizers, and Wyner-Ziv scalar quantizers. The algorithm guarantees globally optimal solutions for conventional fixed-rate scalar quantizers and entropy-constrained scalar quantizers. For the other coding scenarios, the algorithm yields the best code among all codes that meet a given convexity constraint. In all cases, the algorithm run-time is polynomial in the size of the source alphabet. The algorithm derivation arises from a demonstration of the connection between scalar quantization, histogram segmentation, and the shortest path problem in a certain directed acyclic graph.
Compensation of Disabled Organogeneses in Genetically Modified Pig Fetuses by Blastocyst Complementation (2019)

We have previously established a concept of developing exogenic pancreas in a genetically modified pig fetus with an apancreatic trait, thereby proposing the possibility of in vivo generation of functional human organs in xenogenic large animals. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate a further proof-of-concept of the compensation for disabled organogeneses in pig, including pancreatogenesis, nephrogenesis, hepatogenesis, and vasculogenesis. These dysorganogenetic phenotypes could be efficiently induced via genome editing of the cloned pigs. Induced dysorganogenetic traits could also be compensated by allogenic blastocyst complementation, thereby proving the extended concept of organ regeneration from exogenous pluripotent cells in empty niches during various organogeneses. These results suggest that the feasibility of blastocyst complementation using genome-edited cloned embryos permits experimentation toward the in vivo organ generation in pigs from xenogenic pluripotent cells.