gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of three months of methylphenidate treatment on platelet‐poor plasma biogenic amine levels in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2001)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to dysregulation in the activity of brain monoamines. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of three months' methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on platelet-poor plasma (PPP) norepinephrine (NE), dopa and serotonin (5-HT) levels as well as on ADHD symptomatology. Three months of MPH treatment in 16 ADHD boys, aged 11.4 +/- 1.6 years, resulted in a significant reduction in PPP NE levels (p < 0.05). A tendency towards a reduction of PPP 5-HT and dopa levels was detected (p < 0.1 for both). The decrease in PPP biogenic amine levels after three months of MPH treatment was accompanied by a significant reduction in all psychometric characteristics of ADHD. This result indicates the possible role of overactivity of the noradrenergic system in the pathophysiology of ADHD and suggests that the MPH therapeutic action may be related to stimulant-induced inhibitory effect on the noradrenergic system. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast method for skeletal tissue gene expression analysis (2016)

Several chronic diseases have been associated with bone alteration in the last few years. Despite the wealth of information provided by the analysis of the transcriptome in affected tissues, only a limited number of studies evaluated gene expression in bone tissue due to the difficulty to obtain high quality RNA. Therefore, skeletal pathologies have been often associated to a defective maturation process that occurs during recruitment of progenitor stem cells. In order to explore the possibility of analysing the gene expression during osteogenic differentiation in skeletal tissue, a single-step method to extract well-preserved RNA from bone specimens was performed. A comparison between this technique and a traditional method was made by analysing the quality and yield of RNA obtained. In addition, RNAs were assayed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyse the expression levels of the bone genes associated with the differentiation process in a mouse model. The present data showed that good quality RNA can be obtained from bone tissue by a simple single-step method allowing the expression analysis of the genes encoded by skeletal tissue. In conclusion, the present study allows the possibility to easily obtain good quality RNA from bone tissue that is suitable for gene expression studies of bone diseases.
TWEAK/Fn14 pathway promotes chronic colitis and fibrosis mediated by IL-13-TSLP axis (P3244) (2013)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a cytokine of the TNF ligand superfamily that is constitutively expressed by many immune cell types including monocytes/macrophages, DC, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and also T cells. The only known signaling receptor for TWEAK, FGF-inducible molecule 14 (Fn14), is a highly inducible molecule in epithelial cells (EC), endothelial cells, and other mesenchymal cell types wherein TWEAK signals through Fn14 to promote the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB, MAPK and potentially other pathways. We previously reported that TWEAK promoted colitis in mice by enhancing production of inflammatory mediators by EC. TWEAK also induced EC damage in the presence of IL-13, which is known as a pathogenic profibrotic T helper 2-type cytokine. In our current study of chronic colitis induced by repeated rectal injection of a hapten, we found that inflammation, fibrosis, and T helper 2-type immunity were significantly reduced in Fn14 knockout (KO) mice when compared with wild type (WT) control mice. Expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was lower in Fn14 KO colon EC than in WT EC. TWEAK/Fn14 was required for the induction by IL-13 of TSLP in colon explants. TWEAK and IL-13 synergistically promote embryonic fibroblast proliferation. Thus we propose an IL-13-TWEAK/ Fn14-TSLP axis as a key mechanism underlying chronic colitis with fibrosis.
Classifying degraded images over various levels of degradation (2020)

Classification for degraded images having various levels of degradation is very important in practical applications. This paper proposes a convolutional neural network to classify degraded images by using a restoration network and an ensemble learning. The results demonstrate that the proposed network can classify degraded images over various levels of degradation well. This paper also reveals how the image-quality of training data for a classification network affects the classification performance of degraded images.
Fast Penetration Resolving for Weft Knitted Fabric Based on Collision Detection (2017)

In this paper, a hierarchical cylinders method is proposed to resolve penetration of yarns. The performance of the hierarchical cylinders method is accelerated by applying a spatial subdivision algorithm. The spatial subdivision algorithm refines the detected regions according to the properties of weft knitted fabric, which greatly reduce the calculation of collision detection. Based on the cuboid particle system, penalty contact forces act on the yarns with problematic penetration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm and method are efficient for weft knitted fabric simulation.
Assessment of the Role of Interstitial Glucagon in the Acute Glucose Secretory Responsiveness of In Situ Pancreatic β-Cells (2002)

Glucagon is a potent stimulator of insulin release in the presence of a permissive glucose concentration, activating beta-cells in vitro via both glucagon- and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-receptors. It is still unclear whether locally released glucagon amplifies the secretory responsiveness of neighboring beta-cells in the intact pancreas. The present study investigates this question in the perfused pancreas by examining the effects of antagonists for glucagon receptors ([des-His(1),des-Phe(6),Glu(9)]glucagon-NH(2), 10 micromol/l) and GLP-1-receptors [exendin-(9-39)-NH(2), 1 micromol/l] on the insulin secretory response to glucose. The specificity of both antagonists was demonstrated by their selective interaction with glucagon-receptor signaling in rat hepatocytes and GLP-1-receptor signaling in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblasts. In purified rat beta-cells, the glucagon-receptor antagonist (10 micromol/l) inhibited the effect of 1 nmol/l glucagon upon glucose-induced insulin release by 78 plus minus 6%. In the perfused rat pancreas, neither of these antagonists inhibited the potent secretory response to 20 mmol/l glucose, although they effectively suppressed the potentiating effect of, respectively, an infusion of glucagon (1 nmol/l) or GLP-1 (1 nmol/l) on insulin release. When endogenous glucagon release was enhanced by isoproterenol (100 nmol/l), no amplification was seen in the simultaneous or subsequent insulin secretory response to glucose. It is concluded that, at least under the present selected conditions, the glucose-induced insulin release by the perfused rat pancreas seems to occur independent of an amplifying glucagon signal from neighboring alpha-cells.
Recognition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein by Mouse Cytotoxic T Cell Clones and a Human Cytotoxic T Cell Line (1989)

Two mouse cytotoxic T cell (Tc) clones, D5 and H11a, with specificity for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (F) were derived from BALB/c mice primed intranasally (i.n.) with RSV (A2 strain). These clones possessed essentially the same characteristics, and only clone H11a is described here. Tc clone H11a lysed target cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) expressing the RSV F gene, and similar target cells infected with RSV strains Long, 8/60, or 18537. In addition, two RSV-specific mouse Tc lines are described, from BALB/c mice primed i.n. with RSV A2 (Tc line MJC-A2), or intraperitoneally with a VV-RSV F gene recombinant (Tc line MJC-F). Tc line MJC-A2 was of unknown antigen specificity, failing to lyse targets infected with recombinant VVs expressing the RSV nucleoprotein (N), large glycoprotein, F, 1A, 1C, or partial matrix protein (amino acid residues 88 to 257) genes. MJC-A2 Tc were cross-reactive for all strains of RSV tested. In contrast, the F-specific MJC-F Tc showed a marked degree of RSV strain specificity, efficiently lysing targets infected with RSV Long or A2 strains, but showing greatly reduced lysis of targets infected with RSV 8/60 or 18537 strains. An anti-RSV human Tc line, IH.K2, also recognized the fusion protein. IH.K2 Tc efficiently lysed autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells (BCL) persistently infected with RSV A2 and BCL infected with a VV-RSV F gene recombinant. IH.K2 function was not exclusively RSV F-specific, however, as these cells also lysed autologous BCL infected with a VV-RSV N gene recombinant. These data show that the RSV fusion protein is a target antigen for anti-RSV Tc following infection of mice and humans, and that the F-specific Tc repertoire in mice can be influenced by the method and route of priming.
Electrophilic fluorination at saturated sites (2000)

Transformation of carbon–hydrogen bonds to carbon–fluorine bonds at saturated secondary and tertiary carbon sites by electrophilic aliphatic substitution processes is possible using either elemental fluorine or fluorinating reagents of the N–F class.
Energy Loss Structure in X-Ray Photoemission Spectra of Single Crystalline LiNbO3, LiTaO3, MgO and α-Al2O3 (1998)

The energy loss structure in X-ray photoemission spectra was studied in detail for complicated band structure systems ( LiNbO3 and LiTaO3) and simple band structure systems (MgO and α- Al2O3). The energy loss structure on the lower kinetic energy side of core lines can be approximated by a sum of four components. The narrower peaks positioned at 7.0, 12.0 and 14.5 eV for LiNbO3, those at 8.0, 13.4 and 15.8 eV for LiTaO3, those at 11.3, 15.3 and 18.3 eV for MgO, and that at 14.5 eV for α- Al2O3 were assigned to interband transitions from the valence to the conduction bands. The peak positioned at 35.3 eV for α- Al2O3 was assigned to interband transition from the O2s level to the conduction band. The broader peaks positioned at 21.8 eV for LiNbO3, 22.6 eV for LiTaO3, 23.2 eV for MgO, and 25.2 eV for α- Al2O3 were ascribed to the single loss of the bulk plasmon excitation. The peak positioned at 49.9 eV for α- Al2O3 was ascribed to the double losses of the plasmon excitation. The observed plasmon energies are larger than the estimated one in the free electron gas model for each substance (10 eV for the complicated and 1 eV for the simple systems).
An Evaluation of Formula SAE in the Context of the UK Engineering Education: Culture, Money and Space (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents the conclusions of a study into the way the Formula SAE project works in the UK academic sector. The motivation for the work arose during the introduction of the project at the University of Sussex when we needed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the project as part of the engineering curriculum. The traditional view of FSAE in the UK was that it proved a valuable recruitment tool and when only a few universities offered the project to students this was clearly the case. However now that the project is more widely adopted and where smaller Departments are now supporting the project, there is a need to look more closely at the effectiveness of the project. Identification of the factors that make a successful entry has also helped in an evaluation of the resource requirements. The general conclusion from the work is that Departments must work to extract the benefits of the project through curriculum planning. While the project provides an important experience, that experience often is left to chance.&lt;/div&gt;
Assessment of 21-[18F]fluoro-16 alpha-ethyl-19-norprogesterone as a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical for the detection of progestin receptors in human breast carcinomas. (1991)

We have used 21-[18F]fluoro-16 alpha-ethyl-19-norprogesterone (FENP) for imaging progestin receptors by PET in patients with primary carcinoma of the breast. In vitro binding and in vivo tissue distribution studies in rats have shown that FENP has high specific activity, high affinity for progestin receptors, and receptor-mediated uptake in target tissues. Eight patients with primary breast carcinoma were studied. Breast carcinoma was identified correctly in 50% of the patients with progestin-receptor-positive tumors; however, the FENP uptake was not correlated with progestin-receptor levels. We noted a low target-to-background ratio in humans, with high relative activity in the spine, blood pool, and normal breast tissue. Our findings indicate that FENP is not a suitable agent for imaging progestin receptors in humans.
A key transcription factor for eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha is strongly homologous to developmental transcription factors and may link metabolic genes to cellular growth and development. (1994)

In response to growth, metabolic, and other signals, eukaryotic cells regulate protein biosynthesis through post-translational mechanisms which target the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2 alpha). Previous efforts to study transcriptional mechanisms underlying this regulation identified a novel transcription factor (alpha-Pal) for the eIF-2 alpha gene. To gain insights into the overall biological function of alpha-Pal, we cloned its cDNA. Sequence analysis of the encoded protein reveals that alpha-Pal is a putative bZIP transcription factor. Surprisingly, both the protein sequence and the DNA-recognition site (TGCGCATGCGCA) of this human protein are strongly homologous to those of two evolutionarily distant developmental transcription factors, P3A2 and ewg. Since P3A2 directs territory-specific transcription of muscle genes in sea urchin embryos, and ewg apparently directs transcription of flight muscle and neuronal genes in Drosophila embryos, it is likely that alpha-Pal directs similar gene transcription during human embryogenesis. In other studies, we also identified genes containing alpha-Pal-binding sequences as those involved in cellular proliferation, or the growth-responsive metabolic pathways, energy transduction, translation, and DNA replication/repair. Such data suggest that alpha-Pal also functions to modulate the transcription of metabolic genes required for cellular growth.
Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Ultra Fine Grained Steel (2007)

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has been applied to ultra fine grained (UFG) steel which is the plane carbon steel with the average grain size of 1mm. The plates of 5mm thickness was successfully welded using pcBN tool (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) and the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated. In the stir zone, Bainite has been formed which shows the highest harness in the joint. On the other hand, grain growth is observed in the heat affected zone. The joint effect of 88% has been obtained for UFG steel by FSW process.
l-space spectroscopy of the Cosmic Microwave Background with the BOOMERanG experiment (2002)

The BOOMERanG experiment has recently produced detailed maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background, where sub-horizon structures are resolved with good signal to noise ratio. A power spectrum (spherical harmonics) analysis of the maps detects three peaks, at multipoles l=(213−13+10),(541−32+20),(845−25+12). In this paper we discuss the data analysis and the implications of these results for cosmology.
Estimating prevalence of accumulated HIV-1 drug resistance in a cohort of patients on antiretroviral therapy (2011)

This method provides estimates for the proportion of treated patients in a cohort who harbour resistance on a given date, which are less likely to be affected by selection bias due to missing resistance data and will allow us to estimate prevalence of resistance to different drug classes at specific timepoints in HIV-infected populations on ART.
Extended Time Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem for Joint Task Allocation and Path Planning in Shared Space (2022)

We address the joint task allocation and path planning problem whereby an operator with a fleet of vehicles must assign multiple tasks to each vehicle, while ensuring collision-free paths for them such that the total travel cost is minimized. Instead of sequentially solving the task allocation problem first, and then resolving all predicted collisions, i.e. conflicts between vehicles, we propose a novel method that solves in a simultaneous way task allocation and multi-agent path planning. Specifically, we introduce an extension of the Time Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem (TDVRP) whereby we propose to integrate conflicts information into a time dependent cost function used in the task allocation resolution. We compare our approach to two baseline approaches that both use a standard Capacitated VRP (CVRP) solver, a “one-shot” method and a “multi-shot” method. We perform simulations on benchmark realistic warehouse scenarios and the obtained results show that our proposed approach is able to generate improvements in the solutions costs compared to the baseline approaches.
Pubertal Timing and Growth Influences Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adult Males and Females (2012)

We demonstrate independent association between earlier pubertal timing and adult metabolic syndrome-related derangements both in males and females. The connection emphasizes that the mechanisms advancing puberty may also contribute to adult metabolic disorders.
Non-Leaching, Benign, Fouling Control, Multilayer Polymer Coatings for Marine Applications: PP-1274 Findings (2003)

Abstract : The goal of this research is to produce environmentally friendly coatings that protect the hulls of ships below the waterline against fouling by seaweed, barnacles, and other organisms. Fouling by these organisms produces additional drag on the ship, increasing the operating and maintenance costs. Currently, antifouling paints containing tin and copper biocides are used because of their effectiveness against most forms of fouling. However, these biocidal organometallic compounds that are environmentally persistent cause damage to the ecosystem, and enter the food chain. The ban on tributyltin (TBT) antifoulants by the International Maritime Organization will be effective in 2008, and copper-based coatings are expected to face similar restrictions in the near future. Non-toxic fouling-release or coatings are the desirable alternatives to coatings that are biocidal. Silicone-based paints that belong to the former category are commercially available, but do not satisfy many of the desired performance characteristics. The soft silicones do not withstand the rigorous demands of the marine environment, do not sufficiently and consistently self-clean, or, due to polymer restructuring or other degradation pathways, lose many of the desirable surface properties with time and exposure to marine organisms. This report describes the synthesis and testing of block copolymers that contain semifluorinated (SF) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side groups, and show promise as non-toxic, antifouling substitutes to copper-containing paints. These surface-active groups modify the coating-water interfacial energy, conferring fouling- release or fouling-repellant properties to the surface.
Controlled Assembly of an Ultrafast Single-Photon Source (2019)

We demonstrate a technique for highly controllable assembly of single-photon sources coupled to plasmonic nanoantennas with optimal emitter positioning on the nanoscale, resulting in fluorescence decay rates beyond 10 GHz in single nitrogen-vacancy centers.
Resource-efficient simulation of noisy quantum circuits and application to network-enabled QRAM optimization (2022)

Giovannetti, Lloyd, and Maccone [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 160501] proposed a quantum random access memory (QRAM) architecture to retrieve arbitrary superpositions of $N$ (quantum) memory cells via $O(\log(N))$ quantum switches and $O(\log(N))$ address qubits. Towards physical QRAM implementations, Chen et al. [PRX Quantum 2, 030319] recently showed that QRAM maps natively onto optically connected quantum networks with $O(\log(N))$ overhead and built-in error detection. However, modeling QRAM on large networks has been stymied by exponentially rising classical compute requirements. Here, we address this bottleneck by: (i) introducing a resource-efficient method for simulating large-scale noisy entanglement, allowing us to evaluate hundreds and even thousands of qubits under various noise channels; and (ii) analyzing Chen et al.'s network-based QRAM as an application at the scale of quantum data centers or near-term quantum internet; and (iii) introducing a modified network-based QRAM architecture to improve quantum fidelity and access rate. We conclude that network-based QRAM could be built with existing or near-term technologies leveraging photonic integrated circuits and atomic or atom-like quantum memories.
Increased synthesis but decreased processing of neuronal proCCK in prohormone convertase 2 and 7B2 knockout animals (2002)

In addition to its role as a gut hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK) is a widespread and potent neurotransmitter. Its biosynthesis requires endoproteolytic cleavage of proCCK at several mono- and dibasic sites by subtilisin-like prohormone convertases (PCs). Of these, PC1 and PC2 are specific for neuroendocrine cells. We have now examined the role of PC2 and its binding protein, 7B2, in the neuronal processing of proCCK by measurement of precursor, processing-intermediates and bioactive end-products in brain extracts from PC2- and 7B2-null mice and from corresponding controls. PC2-null mice displayed a nine-fold increase of cerebral proCCK concentrations, and a two-fold increase in the concentrations of the processing-intermediate, glycine-extended CCK, whereas the concentrations of transmitter-active (i.e. alpha-amidated and O-sulfated) CCK peptides were reduced (61%). Chromatography showed that O-sulfated CCK-8 still is the predominant transmitter-active CCK in PC2-null brains, but that the fraction of intermediate-sized CCK-peptides (CCK-58, -33 and -22) was eight-fold increased. 7B2-null brains displayed a similar pattern but with less pronounced precursor accumulation. In contrast with the cerebral changes, PC2 deficiency was without effect on proCCK synthesis and processing in intestinal endocrine cells, whereas 7B2 deficiency halved the concentration of bioactive CCK in the intestine. The results show that PC2 plays a major neuron-specific role in the processing of proCCK.
Wideband dual Vivaldi nano-antenna with high radiation efficiency over the infrared frequency band (2011)

Down scaling the well-known concept of metallic antennas to the optical frequencies offers unique advantages for novel photonic applications. One of the promising new applications is energy harvesting, using a rectenna. A key building block in such a system is an efficient antenna. A dual-Vivaldi nano-antenna is proposed to demonstrate the possibility of wideband operation at Infra-Red (IR) frequencies. According to our numerical results this nano-antenna has both high radiation efficiency and good impedance matching properties over a wide frequency band (more than 122%) in the IR frequency band. The design is based on the well-known Vivaldi antenna placed on Quartz substrate, but operating as a pair instead of a single element. Such pair of Vivaldi antennas oriented in opposite directions produces the main lobe in the broadside direction (normal to the axes of the antennas), rather than the usual peak gain along the axis (end-fire) of a single Vivaldi antennas.