gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peralkylcyclopentadienyl tungsten polyhydride complexes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeralkylcyclopentadienyl tungsten polyhydride complexesJun. Okuda, Robert C. Murray, John C. Dewan, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 8, 1681–1690Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00139a028https://doi.org/10.1021/om00139a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Integrated Research and Development Environment for Real-Time Distributed Embodied Intelligent Systems (2006)

In the field of intelligent systems, research and design approaches vary from predefined architectures to self-organizing systems. Regardless of the architectural approach, such systems may grow in size and complexity to levels where the capacities of people are strongly challenged. Such systems are commonly researched, designed and developed following several methods and with the help of a variety of software tools. In this paper we want to describe our research and development environment. It is composed of a set of tools that support our research and enable us to develop large scale intelligent systems used in our robots and in our test platforms. The main parts of our research and development environment are: the component models BBCM (brain bytes component model) and BBDM (brain bytes data model), the middleware RTBOS (real-time brain operating system), the monitoring system CMBOS (control-monitor brain operating system) and the design environment DTBOS (design tool for brain operating system). We will compare our research and development environment with others available on the market or still in research phase and we will describe some of our experiments
The RCSB PDB information portal for structural genomics (2005)

The RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB) offers online tools, summary reports and target information related to the worldwide structural genomics initiatives from its portal at http://sg.pdb.org. There are currently three components to this site: Structural Genomics Initiatives contains information and links on each structural genomics site, including progress reports, target lists, target status, targets in the PDB and level of sequence redundancy; Targets provides combined target information, protocols and other data associated with protein structure determination; and Structures offers an assessment of the progress of structural genomics based on the functional coverage of the human genome by PDB structures, structural genomics targets and homology models. Functional coverage can be examined according to enzyme classification, gene ontology (biological process, cell component and molecular function) and disease.
Recombinant toxins in haematologic malignancies and solid tumours (1998)

Recombinant toxins constitute a new modality for the treatment of cancer, since they target cells displaying specific surface-receptors or antigens. They are fusion proteins, which contain toxin and ligand regions, and are produced in Escherichia coli. The ligand may be a growth factor or a fragment of an antibody, and the toxin is usually one of the two bacterial toxins: Pseudomonas exotoxin and diphtheria toxin. Compared to the earlier generation chemical conjugates of ligands and toxins, recombinant toxins have many advantages, including homogeneity with respect to the connection between the ligand and toxin, ease and yield of production and small size. A variety of chemotherapy-resistant haematologic and solid tumours have been targeted with recombinant toxins, and clinical trials with many of them have recently demonstrated their effectiveness. Moreover, their unwanted toxic effects are different from those of most chemotherapeutic agents, supporting the expectation that they can be combined with existing modalities to improve the clinical resources available to treat cancer in humans.
Stable and Consistent Genetic Profile of Oka Varicella Vaccine Virus Is Not Linked with Appearance of Infrequent Breakthrough Cases Postvaccination (2005)

Recently, Dr. Sauerbrei and his colleagues reported ([8][1]) on the genetic profile of an Oka varicella vaccine virus variant (V-Oka-zoster) isolated from an infant with herpes zoster. Those authors hypothesized that the isolated variant had an increased ability to cause zoster and was present as a
Optical and Electronic Approaches to Restoration of Sight to the Blind (2015)

Retinal degenerative diseases lead to blindness due to loss of the “image capturing” photoreceptors, while neurons in the “image-processing” inner retinal layers are relatively well preserved. Information can be reintroduced into the visual system using electrical or optical stimulation of the surviving inner retinal neurons. Some electronic retinal prosthetic systems have already been tested in human patients and approved for clinical use, while more advanced technologies are being developed. Alternatively, light sensitivity can be artificially introduced into retinal neurons using opto-genetic or opto-pharmacological methods. I will review the current state of the art with each of these approaches, their challenges, technological solutions and perspectives for restoration of sight to the blind.
Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Bond Oxygenation by Transition‐Metal Acylnitrenoids (2020)

This study demonstrates for the first time that easily accessible transition-metal acylnitrenoids can be used for controlled direct C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H oxygenations. Specifically, a ruthenium catalyst activates N-benzoyloxycarbamates as nitrene precursors towards regioselective intramolecular C-H oxygenations to provide cyclic carbonates, hydroxylated carbamates, or 1,2-diols. The method can be applied to the chemoselective C-H oxygenation of benzylic, allylic, and propargylic C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H bonds. The reaction can be performed in an enantioselective fashion and switched in a catalyst-controlled fashion between C-H oxygenation and C-H amination. This work provides a new reaction mode for the regiocontrolled and stereocontrolled conversion of C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H into C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-O bonds.
Nanoaggregates and Structure−Function Relations in Asphaltenes (2005)

The goal of predictive science is to establish structure−function relations for a system of interest. The obvious first step is to determine the structure of the system. Predictions in asphaltene science have been greatly inhibited, because of disagreement regarding molecular weight and molecular structure. With substantial progress on both structural fronts, structure−function relationships can be explored. Here, high quality factor (high-Q) ultrasonics is used to demonstrate asphaltene nanoaggregation at ∼100 mg/L. Fluorescence quenching measurements corroborate these results. Simple concepts regarding asphaltene molecular structure can be used to understand asphaltene nanoaggregation. These relations are seen to apply for asphaltene samples of very different origin. The implications of this understanding on larger-scale asphaltene aggregation and solubility are discussed.
Detection and Characterization of αβ-T-Cell Clonality by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) (1998)

Accumulation of T cells carrying identical T-cell receptors (TCR) is associated with a number of immunological and non-immunological diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to be able to analyze complex T-cell populations for the presence of clonally expanded subpopulations. Here, we describe a simple method combining reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for rapid detection and characterization of T-cell clonality. The detection of clonally expanded T cells by DGGE relies on the fact that clonal transcripts have no junctional diversity and therefore resolve at a fixed position in the gel, which is determined by their melting properties. For polyclonal populations with a high degree of junctional diversity, the different DNA molecules will resolve at different positions in the gel and together will be revealed as a smear. For each of the TCR beta-variable gene (BV) 1-24 families, cloned transcripts were amplified and shown to resolve as distinct bands in the denaturing gradient gel, whereas the analysis of polyclonal T-cell populations resulted in a smear in the gel. The present method might prove useful to test for clonotypic T-cells in a variety of pathological and physiological conditions and for monitoring T-cell responses in diagnostic and therapeutic settings.
3D assimilation and radiative impact assessment of aerosol black carbon over the Indian region using aircraft, balloon, ground-based, and multi-satellite observations (2023)

Abstract. A three-dimensional (spatial and vertical) gridded data set of black carbon (BC) aerosols has been developed for the first time over the Indian mainland using data from a dense ground-based network, aircraft- and balloon-based measurements from multiple campaigns, and multi-satellite observations, following statistical assimilation techniques. The assimilated data reveals that the satellite products tend to underestimate (overestimate) the aerosol absorption at lower (higher) altitudes with possible climate implications. The regional maps of atmospheric heating due to BC, derived using this dataset, well-captures the elevated aerosol heating layers over the Indian region and the spatial high over the Indo Gangetic Plains. It is shown that over most of the Indian region, the incorporation of realistic profiles of aerosol absorption/extinction coefficients and SSA into the radiative transfer calculations leads to enhanced high-altitude warming. This will have larger implications for atmospheric stability than what would be predicted using satellite observations alone and could strongly influence the upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric processes, including increased vertical transport of BC to higher altitudes. The 3D assimilated BC data set will be helpful in reducing the uncertainty in aerosol radiative effects in climate model simulations over the Indian region.
A challenge for green chemistry: designing molecules that readily dissolve in carbon dioxide (2004)

Carbon dioxide is a green yet feeble solvent whose full potential won't be realized until we develop a more thorough understanding of its solvent behavior at the molecular level. Fortunately, advances in molecular modeling coupled with experiments are rapidly improving our understanding of CO(2)'s behavior, permitting design of new, more sustainable "CO(2)-philes".
Speech intonation for TTS: study on evaluation methodology (2014)

Copyright © 2014 ISCA. The standard evaluation of intonation models is by means of non-referenced subjective tests (pair or MOS) in which subjects rate the quality or compare different samples without any explicit reference. These tests are usually conducted on an isolated sentence basis. However, for a single sentence, with no contextual information, there are multiple valid intonations. A subject's preference over this range of intonation patterns may be highly personal. This paper investigates the degree to which this ambiguity in the appropriate intonation pattern impacts the assessments of prosody for speech synthesis systems. To examine this problem, the variance of the F0 pattern of several vocoded sentences was modified and subjects asked to compare multiple versions with different levels of modification in terms of preference/quality. Then, they were presented with the reference which defines the original intonation and asked about the similarity to that reference. The results show that subjects can identify the samples with no F0 variance modification when given a reference but they don't always prefer them. Thus, non-referenced tests with no context, though may help to analyse user acceptability, may not be appropriate to measure the performance of intonation models.
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Sensors Tutorials: A Vigorous Dive Into the Vast Sea of Sensor-Related Knowledge—Part II (2022)

The Sensors industry has seen extraordinary growth in the last 20 years. It is currently projected that the sensors market size will triple from 2020 to 2030. The most prevalent reason for this exponential growth is the technological trend towards hyper-intelligent systems. Future technologies are expected to dive into the Internet of Senses, Industry 5.0, and Smart Cities/buildings where sensors are probably the most essential component of any of these systems. Hence, the sensors community is expected to significantly grow, mostly through young researchers with training needs in a multitude of sensors-related fields. IEEE Sensors Journal in 2021 has become the largest IEEE journal, something that reflects the continuous growth of the field.
Nano-height cylindrical waveguide in GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2020)

We have proposed a novel nano-height cylindrical waveguide in blue GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The proposed 5 nm step height cylindrical waveguide using simple processes provides lateral optical confinement and excellent performance in terms of light output power (LOP) and wall plug efficiency (WPE). A fabricated multi-mode VCSEL with 7 μm emission diameter achieved a LOP of 23.7 mW, maximum external differential quantum efficiency of 43.6%, and WPE of 10% under continuous wave operation at 20 °C. Additionally, a single-mode VCSEL with 3.3 μm emission diameter exhibited LOP of more than 5 mW and WPE of 9.9%.
Incremental hierarchical memory size estimation for steering of loop transformations (2007)

Modern embedded multimedia and telecommunications systems need to store and access huge amounts of data. This becomes a critical factor for the overall energy consumption, area, and performance of the systems. Loop transformations are essential to improve the data access locality and regularity in order to optimally design or utilize a memory hierarchy. However, due to abstract high-level cost functions, current loop transformation steering techniques do not take the memory platform sufficiently into account. They usually also result in only one final transformation solution. On the other hand, the loop transformation search space for real-life applications is huge, especially if the memory platform is still not fully fixed. Use of existing loop transformation techniques will therefore typically lead to suboptimal end-products. It is critical to find all interesting loop transformation instances. This can only be achieved by performing an evaluation of the effect of later design stages at the early loop transformation stage. This article presents a fast incremental hierarchical memory-size requirement estimation technique. It estimates the influence of any given sequence of loop transformation instances on the mapping of application data onto a hierarchical memory platform. As the exact memory platform instantiation is often not yet defined at this high-level design stage, a platform-independent estimation is introduced with a Pareto curve output for each loop transformation instance. Comparison among the Pareto curves helps the designer, or a steering tool, to find all interesting loop transformation instances that might later lead to low-power data mapping for any of the many possible memory hierarchy instances. Initially, the source code is used as input for estimation. However, performing the estimation repeatedly from the source code is too slow for large search space exploration. An incremental approach, based on local updating of the previous result, is therefore used to handle sequences of different loop transformations. Experiments show that the initial approach takes a few seconds, which is two orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art solutions but still too costly to be performed interactively many times. The incremental approach typically takes just a few milliseconds, which is another two orders of magnitude faster than the initial approach. This huge speedup allows us for the first time to handle real-life industrial-size applications and get realistic feedback during loop transformation exploration.
Characterization of the B Cell Epitopes Associated with a Truncated Form of Pseudomonas Exotoxin (PE38) Used to Make Immunotoxins for the Treatment of Cancer Patients (2006)

Recombinant immunotoxins composed of an Ab Fv fragment joined to a truncated portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (termed PE38) have been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of various human cancers. Immunotoxin therapy is very effective in hairy cell leukemia and also has activity in other hemological malignancies; however, a neutralizing Ab response to PE38 in patients with solid tumors prevents repeated treatments to maximize the benefit. In this study, we analyze the murine Ab response as a model to study the B cell epitopes associated with PE38. Sixty distinct mAbs to PE38 were characterized. Mutual competitive binding of the mAbs indicated the presence of 7 major epitope groups and 13 subgroups. The competition pattern indicated that the epitopes are discrete and could not be reproduced using a computer simulation program that created epitopes out of random surface residues on PE38. Using sera from immunotoxin-treated patients, the formation of human Abs to each of the topographical epitopes was demonstrated. One epitope subgroup, E1a, was identified as the principal neutralizing epitope. The location of each epitope on PE38 was determined by preparing 41 mutants of PE38 in which bulky surface residues were mutated to either alanine or glycine. All 7 major epitope groups and 9 of 13 epitope subgroups were identified by 14 different mutants and these retained high cytotoxic activity. Our results indicate that a relatively small number of discrete immunogenic sites are associated with PE38, most of which can be eliminated by point mutations.
Drinking water treatment technologies in Europe: state of the art – challenges – research needs (2013)

Eureau is the European Federation of National Associations of Water and Wastewater Services. At the request of Eureau Commission 1, dealing with drinking water, a survey was produced focusing on raw drinking water sources and drinking water treatment technologies applied in Europe. Raw water sources concerned groundwater, surface water, surface water with artificial recharge and river bank filtration. Treatment schemes concerned no treatment, conventional treatment, advanced treatment and conventional plus advanced treatment. The response covered 73% of the population to which drinking water is supplied by the utilities joint in Eureau. Groundwater and surface water are the major raw water sources (&gt;90%). In total, 59% of the drinking water supply concerns not-treated drinking water or drinking water treated with only conventional technologies, while 12% of the drinking water is not disinfected. Challenges for the European drinking water sector are the contamination of raw water sources with emerging substances, absence of disinfection and the potential formation of disinfection by-products. These challenges entail research needs such as the development of quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) to better understand and predict the removal rates of treatment technologies for emerging contaminants, the introduction of Water Safety Plans to safeguard the hygienic quality of drinking water, and the optimization of disinfection processes and strategies.
The Prevalence of Diabetes in the Rural and Urban Polynesian Population of Western Samoa (1981)

Rural-urban comparisons of diabetes prevalence were made in te Polynesian population of Western Samoa. The prevalence of diabetes in the urban population was almost three times that in the rural (10.1% versus 3.6%). While the urban male and female subjects were significantly more obese than their rural counterparts, the difference in prevalence rate could not be wholly explained on the basis. Diabetes prevalence was still approximately double in urban subjects when we compared the rural and urban populations after removing the differences in obesity and age. The results suggest that, apart from age and obesity, other factors, e.g., differences in diet, physical activity, or stress (or a combination of these), may participate in the rural to urban difference in diabetes prevalence.
Modified Free Radial Forearm Fascia Flap Reconstruction of Lower Extremity and Foot Wounds: Optimal Contour and Minimal Donor-Site Morbidity (2014)

MRFFF is an excellent flap for reconstruction of the distal lower extremity. Flap contour allows excellent shoe-fitting without secondary revisions. Replacement of the adipocutaneous flap on MRFFF donor site eliminates the need for a conspicuous donor-site skin graft. The ulnar orientation of the harvested fascia prevents sensory loss in the dorsal hand. The MRFFF provides the ideal replacement of "like with like" for selected distal lower extremity wounds.
Vapor–liquid assisted chemical vapor deposition of Cu 2 X materials (2022)

Abstract Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are known for their layered structure and tunable functional properties. However, a unified understanding on other transition metal chalcogenides (i.e. M 2 X) is still lacking. Here, the relatively new class of copper-based chalcogenides Cu 2 X (X = Te, Se, S) is thoroughly reported. Cu 2 X are synthesized by an unusual vapor–liquid assisted growth on a Al 2 O 3 /Cu/W stack. Liquid copper plays a significant role in synthesizing these layered systems, and sapphire assists with lateral growth and exfoliation. Similar to traditional TMDs, thickness dependent phonon signatures are observed, and high-resolution atomic images reveal the single phase Cu 2 Te that prefers to grow in lattice-matched layers. Charge transport measurements indicate a metallic nature at room temperature with a transition to a semiconducting nature at low temperatures accompanied by a phase transition, in agreement with band structure calculations. These findings establish a fundamental understanding and thrust Cu 2 Te as a flexible candidate for wide applications from photovoltaics and sensors to nanoelectronics.