gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A combination of intra- and peri-tumoral deep features from prostate bi-parametric MRI can distinguish clinically significant and insignificant prostate cancer (2020)

Bi-parametric MRI (bpMRI: T2W MRI and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient maps (ADC) derived from diffusion weighted imaging) is increasingly being used to characterize prostate cancer (PCa). However, inter- and intrareader variability hinders interpretation of MRI. Deep learning networks may aid in PCa characterization and may allow for non-invasively distinguishing clinically significant (csPCa: GGG&lt;1) and insignificant (ciPCa: GGG=1) PCa. Recent studies have shown that signatures from peri-tumoral (PT) region on imaging add significant value to those from intra-tumoral (IT) region for disease detection and characterization. In this work, we present a multi-sequence multi-instance learning convolutional neural network trained using 2D patches extracted from PCa regions of interest (ROIs) on prostate bpMRI to distinguish csPCa and ciPCa. The trained classifier is used to extract pooled features from both the IT and PT ROIs, which are then used to train a random forest classifier to distinguish csPCa and ciPCa. We train and test our models using patient studies from two different institutions (n=298) with GGG obtained either from post-surgical specimens or biopsies. Model built using IT (<i>D<sub>IT</sub></i>) and PT (<i>D<sub>PT</sub></i>) deep features alone resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 and 0.73 respectively, while models computed from IT (<i>R<sub>IT</sub></i>) and PT (<i>R<sub>PT</sub></i>) radiomic features resulted in an AUC of 0.77 and 0.75 respectively. The models <i>D<sub>IP</sub></i> and <i>R<sub>IP</sub></i> trained on combination of IT and PT deep features and radiomic features resulted in an AUC of 0.86 and 0.80 respectively. In both cases, we observe that combining IT and PT features helps in improving the overall classifier performance in distinguishing csPCa and ciPCa.
TP5: A Novel Therapeutic Approach Targeting Aberrant and Hyperactive CDK5/p25 for the Treatment of Colorectal Carcinoma (2023)

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Evidence suggests that increased expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (<i>CDK5</i>) contributes to cancer progression, making it a promising target for treatment. This study examined the efficacy of selectively inhibiting CDK5 in colorectal carcinoma using TP5, a small peptide that selectively inhibits the aberrant and hyperactive CDK5/p25 complex while preserving physiological CDK5/p35 functions. We analyzed TP5's impact on CDK5 activity, cell survival, apoptosis, the cell cycle, DNA damage, ATM phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in mitochondria, in CRC cell lines, both alone and in combination with chemotherapy. We also assessed TP5's efficacy on a xenograft mouse model with HCT116 cells. Our results showed that TP5 decreased CDK5 activity, impaired cell viability and colony formation, induced apoptosis, increased DNA damage, and led to the G1 phase arrest of cell cycle progression. In combination with irinotecan, TP5 demonstrated a synergy by leading to the accumulation of DNA damage, increasing the γH2A.X foci number, and inhibiting G2/M arrest induced by Sn38 treatment. TP5 alone or in combination with irinotecan increased mitochondrial ROS levels and inhibited tumor growth, prolonging mouse survival in the CRC xenograft animal model. These results suggest that TP5, either alone or in combination with irinotecan, is a promising therapeutic option for colorectal carcinoma.
STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF POLYMER-IMPREGNATED CONCRETE BEAMS, COLUMNS, AND SHELLS. IN: POLYMERS IN CONCRETE. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (1978)

This paper describes and discusses the deformation of beams, columns, and cone shaped shells reinforced with brittle and ductile polymers, with steel fiber and mesh, and with combinations of steel and polymers. The following results are indicated: impregnation of concrete beams with ductile copolymer enhances ductility and fracture energy in bending, with little sacrifice of strength in comparison with the enhanced value for polymethyl methacrylate impregnated material; impregnation of hollow cones reinforced with steel wire or mesh with ductile copolymer gives both high strengths and moduli, and confers a high degree of ductility.
THE EFFECTS OF SOY PEPTIDE ON ISOMETRIC PERFORMANCES AND SERUM CK AND LDH TRENDS AFTER HIGH INTENSITY REPETITIVE ECCENTRIC EXERCISE STRESS (2006)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementing soy peptide on isometric performances and serum CK and LDH trends after a high intensity eccentric exercise stress. Study subjects consisted of 13 males and were divided into 2 groups. They were instructed to take 4,000 mg of soy peptide or placebo orally before and for 7 days following the initial exercise stress. Soy peptide group revealed significantly faster improvements in knee extension performance at 72 hr-post the eccentric exercise (p<0.05). Comparing with placebo group, soy peptide group showed significantly lower serum LDH activity 168 hr after the exercise (p<0.05), while as to serum CK levels, significant difference was not observed between those 2 groups. These results indicate that oral supplementation of soy peptide could induce not only reduction in serum LDH activity level, but also faster recovering in isometric performance after high intensity repetitive eccentric exercise.
SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CHAIN EXTENSION IN LONG CHAIN MOLECULES AND POLYMERS (1985)

Author Institution: IBM San Jose Research Laboratory
Structural information on hyaluronic acid solutions as studied by probe diffusion experiments (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural information on hyaluronic acid solutions as studied by probe diffusion experimentsS. C. De Smedt, A. Lauwers, J. Demeester, Y. Engelborghs, G. De Mey, and M. DuCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1, 141–146Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00079a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00079a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views599Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lot-to-lot Variability of BN Grades for Space Electric Propulsion Applications (2020)

Historically, several grades of hot pressed hexagonal boron nitride have been used for space electric propulsion applications. This study investigates the material properties of a selection of commercially available boron nitride grades including HP, M26, M, BNXX, and Shapal Hi-M. This work complements data which was presented at JANNAF 2018. The grades selected for this study are of interest because their available billet size is sufficient for space electric propulsion. This research investigates a range of material properties, tailored and focused on enhancing performance, reliability, and economics of electric propulsion thrusters. This work builds upon previous efforts by studying lot-to-lot variability of some of the properties of interest. Coefficient of friction, moisture absorption, moisture sensitivity, hot press directionality, flexural strength, compression strength, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, thermal emissivity, thermal expansion, density, X-ray diffraction phase, microstructure, and chemical composition were all investigated across two lots of materials to help guide the selection of advanced ceramics. Variability between lots is the critical concern of the study.
Historic Perspective on the Analogy between the Electric Grid and our Banking System (2020)

For the sake of argument, money can roughly be divided into legal money and illegal money. We make moral choices to decide what kind of money we keep in our bank accounts: legal or illegal. Similarly, electric power can roughly be divided into fossil power and nonfossil power. In deregulated markets, we can make a moral choice to decide what power we buy: fossil or non-fossil. In this article, the commonly known “truth” about electric power is challenged and by doing so, it has unveiled the possibility of choosing not to consume any fossil power.

To make sure we can choose not to consume any fossil power we need to define a new entity, a new term: The audited Product Electricity. The Product Electricity does not exist without an audit of production versus consumption, e.g. today’s EU system with Guarantees of Origin. With the help of this new entity: the Product Electricity, a new understanding of how electric power is traded can be offered before ending up in our sockets. We believe that with this new definition of an audited Product Electricity we have found a brand new understanding of electric power which is a very important product that we use practically every day.

We appreciate that this is not a humble statement. Yet, we humbly ask you to consider embracing this new understanding of what it means to trade electric power and what Product Electricity you actually choose to consume, or rather, which power you choose not to consume.
Quantitative characterization of virus‐like particles by asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation, electrospray differential mobility analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (2008)

Here we characterize virus-like particles (VLPs) by three very distinct, orthogonal, and quantitative techniques: electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA), asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation with multi-angle light scattering detection (AFFFF-MALS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). VLPs are biomolecular particles assembled from viral proteins with applications ranging from synthetic vaccines to vectors for delivery of gene and drug therapies. VLPs may have polydispersed, multimodal size distributions, where the size distribution can be altered by subtle changes in the production process. These three techniques detect subtle size differences in VLPs derived from the non-enveloped murine polyomavirus (MPV) following: (i) functionalization of the surface of VLPs with an influenza viral peptide fragment; (ii) packaging of foreign protein internally within the VLPs; and (iii) packaging of genomic DNA internally within the VLPs. These results demonstrate that ES-DMA and AFFFF-MALS are able to quantitatively determine VLP size distributions with greater rapidity and statistical significance than TEM, providing useful technologies for product development and process analytics.
Mitigating the allergic effects of fire ant envenomation with biologically based population reduction (2013)

During separate founding events in the United States, Australia, mainland China, and Taiwan, fire ants native to South America escaped their native pathogens and parasites. Consequently, fire ant populations in these introduced regions pose a serious public health threat to the human populations by envenomation and subsequent allergic reactions. Specific, self-sustaining biological control agents have been discovered, studied, and released into fire ant populations in the United States in an effort to re-establish an ecological/competitive balance, resulting in reduced fire ant densities and human exposure.
Membrane Fouling and Rejection of Organics during Algae-Laden Water Treatment Using Ultrafiltration: A Comparison between in Situ Pretreatment with Fe(II)/Persulfate and Ozone (2017)

In this study, in situ pretreatments with ozone and Fe(II)/persulfate were employed to suppress membrane fouling during the filtration of algae-laden water and to improve the rejection of metabolites. Both ozonation and Fe(II)/persulfate pretreatments negatively impacted the cell integrity, especially ozonation. Fe(II)/persulfate pretreatment improved the removal of dissolved organic carbon and microcystin-LR, but ozonation resulted in a deterioration in the quality of the filtered water. This suggests that the Fe(II)/persulfate oxidation is selective for organic degradation over cell damage. With ozonation, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin were detected in the filtered water, and the irreversible fouling increased. The intracellular organic release and generation of small organic compounds with ozonation may be the reason for the increased membrane fouling. Fe(II)/persulfate oxidation substantially mitigated the membrane-fouling resistance at concentrations over 0.2 mM compared to the membrane-fouling resistance without oxidation. The combined effect of oxidation and coagulation is likely the reason for the excellent fouling control with Fe(II)/persulfate pretreatment. Membrane fouling during the filtration of algae-laden water is successively governed by complete-blocking and cake-filtration mechanisms. Ozonation caused a shift in the initial major mechanism to intermediate blocking, and the Fe(II)/persulfate pretreatment (>0.2 mM) converted the dominant mechanism into single-standard blocking.
Powering mobile networks with green energy (2014)

Explosive mobile data demands are driving a significant growth in energy consumption in mobile networks, and consequently a surge of carbon footprints. Reducing carbon footprints is crucial in alleviating the direct impact of greenhouse gases on the earth environment and the climate change. With advances of green energy technologies, future mobile networks are expected to be powered by green energy to reduce their carbon footprints. This article provides an overview on the design and optimization of green energy enabled mobile networks, discusses the energy models for the analysis and optimization of the networks, and lays out basic design principles and research challenges on optimizing the green energy powered mobile networks.
Highlights of the International Image Sensor Workshop (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. Fowler, "Highlights of the International Image Sensor Workshop," in Imaging and Applied Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper IM1E.2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Get Video Citation alert Save article
High Efficiency m-plane LEDs on Low Defect Density Bulk GaN Substrates (2014)

Solid-state lighting is a key technology for reduction of energy consumption in the US and worldwide. In principle, by replacing standard incandescent bulbs and other light sources with sources based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs), ultimate energy efficiency can be achieved. The efficiency of LEDs has improved tremendously over the past two decades, however further progress is required for solid- state lighting to reach its full potential. The ability of an LED at converting electricity to light is quantified by its internal quantum efficiency (IQE). The material of choice for visible LEDs is Gallium Nitride (GaN), which is at the basis of blue-emitting LEDs. A key factor limiting the performance of GaN LEDs is the so-called efficiency droop, whereby the IQE of the LED decreases significantly at high current density. Despite decades of research, efficiency droop remains a major issue. Since high-current operation is necessary for practical lighting applications, reducing droop is a major challenge for the scientific community and the LED industry. Our approach to solving the droop issue is the use of newly available low-defect-density bulk GaN non-polar substrates. In contrast to the standard foreign substrates (sapphire, silicon carbide, silicon) used in the industry, we have employed native bulk GaN substrates with very low defect density, thus ensuring exquisite material quality and high IQE. Whereas all commercial LEDs are grown along the c-plane crystal direction of GaN, we have used m-plane non-polar substrates; these drastically modify the physical properties of the LED and enable a reduction of droop. With this approach, we have demonstrated very high IQE performance and low droop. Our results focused on violet and blue LEDs. For these, we have demonstrated very high peak IQEs and current droops of 6% and 10% respectively (up to a high current density of 200A.cm-2). All these results were obtained under electrical operation. These high IQE and low droop values are in line with the program’s milestones. They demonstrate that bulk non-polar GaN substrates represent a disruptive technology for LED performance. Application of this technology to real-world products is feasible, provided that the cost of GaN substrates is compatible with the market’s requirement.
<title>Matching 3D anatomical surfaces with nonrigid deformations using octree splines</title> (1993)

This paper presents a new method for determining the minimal non-rigid deformation between two 3-D surfaces, such as those which describe anatomical structures in 3-D medical images. Although we match surfaces, we represent the deformation as a volumetric transformation. Our method performs a least squares minimization of the distance between the two surfaces of interest. To quickly and accurately compute distances between points on the two surfaces, we use a precomputed distance map represented using an octree spline whose resolution increases near the surface. To quickly and robustly compute the deformation, we use a second octree spline to model the deformation function. The coarsest level of the deformation encodes the global (e.g., affine) transformation between the two surfaces, while finer levels encode smooth local displacements which bring the two surfaces into closer registration. We present experimental results on both synthetic and real 3-D surfaces.
A Mitochondrially Targeted Nitroxide JP4-039 Protects and Mitigates against Total Body Irradiation Induced Hematopoietic Syndrome (2008)

Abstract Nitroxides are efficient scavengers of free radicals and have been proposed for use as radioprotective agents. To circumvent the need for high concentrations for in vivo effects, and to target drugs to the mitochondria to prevent ionizing irradiation-induced apoptosis, we tested a family of compounds based on combining a hemi-gramicidin linker to a nitroxide. One small molecule (JP4-039) produced a 32-fold increased mitochondrial nitroxide localization in 32D cl 3 cells in vitro after one hour incubation at 37°C compared to the unlinked nitroxide tempo at 10uM. The cells were lyzed by rapidly freezing then thawing, followed by centrifugation to yield the nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial fractions. EPR was used to quantitate nitroxide in each JP4-039 or tempo treated cell fraction. There was a 32-fold increase in the nitroxide signal for JP4-039 accumulation in the mitochondria compared to the nitroxide tempo. Irradiation survival curves were performed by incubating 32D cl 3 murine hematopoietic progenitor cells in JP4-039 or tempo (1 μM) for one hour before irradiation or by addition immediately following irradiation. The cells were irradiated to doses ranging from 0 to 8 Gy, suspended in methylcellulose-containing media, incubated for seven days at 37°C and colonies of greater than 50 cells were scored. The data was analyzed using linear quadratic and single-hit, multi-target models. Incubation of 32D cl 3 cells in JP4-039 for one hour prior to irradiation resulted in a significant increase in Do to 2.25 ± 0.11 Gy compared to 1.19 ± 0.13 Gy for 32D cl 3 cells alone or 1.32 ± 0.09 Gy for 32D cl 3 cells incubated in tempo (p=0.0042 or 0.0073, respectively). Similar results were achieved giving JP4-039 after irradiation with a Do of 1.97 ± 0.01 Gy (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). To test effectiveness in vivo, C57BL/6NHsd female mice were injected intraperitoneally with JP4-039 or tempo (10 mg/kg) 10 minutes before (or four hours after) total body irradiation to the LD 75/30 dose of 9.75 Gy. Mice were monitored and those moribund from the hematopoietic syndrome were sacrificed. Mice injected with 10 mg/kg JP4-039 before irradiation had a significant increase in survival of 60% compared to 28% for control irradiated mice (p = 0.0005) or 44% for tempo treated mice (p = 0.2252). JP4-039 given after irradiation had a survival of 53% at 30 days after irradiation (p = 0.0474). Thus, JP4-039, a mitochondrial targeted nitroxide, is an effective radioprotector, and mitigator.
Effect of Electric Field on the Exchange-Stiffness Constant in a Co12Fe72B16 Disk-Shaped Nanomagnet 65 nm in Diameter (2018)

Electric field control of magnetism in metallic ferromagnets continues to receive close scrutiny for ultralow-energy spintronic devices. This study uses thermally excited ferromagnetic resonance to investigate the electric field effect on sub-100-nm magnetic tunnel junctions. The characteristic appearance of saturation magnetization, exchange-stiffness constant, and uniaxial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the mode-frequency splitting provides an effective means to selectively analyze the electric field effect on the exchange-stiffness constant. This insight is useful for controlling domain size, ${T}_{C}$, and other magnetic properties with an electric field.
Author response: Olfactory receptor neurons generate multiple response motifs, increasing coding space dimensionality (2022)

The odor-elicited responses of olfactory receptor neurons consist of a discrete set of four spike pattern motifs, each with distinct adaptation properties, together amplifying distinctions between similar and temporally complex chemical inputs such as odor plumes.
Augmented Convolutional Neural Network for Behavioral Modeling and Digital Predistortion of Concurrent Multiband Power Amplifiers (2021)

Neural network (NN)-based models are perceived as being accurate models for power amplifier (PA) behavioral modeling and digital predistortion (DPD) applications. However, the complexity of NN’s models in terms of the number of coefficients increases with the memory depth, nonlinearity order, signal bandwidth, and the number of carriers. In this article, a novel augmented convolutional neural network (ACNN)-based DPD is proposed to linearize the concurrent multiband PAs. In the ACNN model, the convolution layer with a fully connected layer serves to model the intermodulation distortion (IMD), cross-modulation distortion (CMD), and nonlinearities of the concurrent multiband PA. The pooling layer in the ACNN reduces the model’s complexity. The measurement results show that the proposed DPD requires significantly fewer coefficients and floating-point operations (FLOPs) than the state-of-the-art DPDs. This model’s complexity reduction arises with the number of carriers in the multiband aggregated signal. The measurement results also show that the proposed DPD has a better linearization performance in terms of metrics, such as normalized mean square error (NMSE), adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR), and error vector magnitude (EVM).