gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-segregating materials for immersion lithography (2008)

In this paper, we employ the self-segregating materials approach used in topcoat-free resists for water immersion lithography to extend the performance of topcoat materials for water immersion and to increase the contact angles of organic fluids on topcoat-free resists for high index immersion lithography. By tailoring polymers that segregate to the air and resist interfaces of the topcoat, high contact angle topcoats with relatively low fluorine content are achieved. While graded topcoats may extend the performance and/or reduce the cost of topcoat materials, the large amount of unprotected acidic groups necessary for TMAH development prevent them from achieving the high contact angles and low hysteresis exhibited by topcoat-free resists. Another application of this self-segregating approach is tailoring resist surfaces for high index immersion. Due to the low surface tension and higher viscosities of organic fluids relative to water and their lower contact angles on most surfaces, film pulling cannot be prevented without dramatically reducing wafer scan rates; however, tuning the surface energy of the resist may be important to control stain morphology and facilitate fluid removal from the wafer. By tailoring fluoropolymer additives for high contact angles with second generation organic high index immersion fluids, we show herein that topcoat-free resists can be developed specifically for high index immersion lithography with good contact angles and lithographic imaging performance.
One-step TMLE for targeting cause-specific absolute risks and survival curves (2021)

This paper considers one-step targeted maximum likelihood estimation method for general competing risks and survival analysis settings where event times take place on the positive real line R+ and are subject to right-censoring. Our interest is overall in the effects of baseline treatment decisions, static, dynamic or stochastic, possibly confounded by pre-treatment covariates. We point out two overall contributions of our work. First, our method can be used to obtain simultaneous inference across all absolute risks in competing risks settings. Second, we present a practical result for achieving inference for the full survival curve, or a full absolute risk curve, across time by targeting over a fine enough grid of points. The one-step procedure is based on a one-dimensional universal least favorable submodel for each cause-specific hazard that can be implemented in recursive steps along a corresponding universal least favorable submodel. We present a theorem for conditions to achieve weak convergence of the estimator for an infinite-dimensional target parameter. Our empirical study demonstrates the use of the methods.
3D Convolutional Networks-Based Mitotic Event Detection in Time-Lapse Phase Contrast Microscopy Image Sequences of Stem Cell Populations (2016)

In this paper, we propose a straightforward and effective method for mitotic event detection in time-lapse phase contrast microscopy image sequences of stem cell populations. Different from most of recent methods leveraging temporal modeling to learn the latent dynamics within one mitotic event, we mainly target on the data-driven spatio-temporal visual feature learning for mitotic event representation to bypass the difficulties in both robust hand-crafted feature designing and complicated temporal dynamic learning. Specially, we design the architecture of the convolutional neural networks with 3D filters to extract the holistic feature of the volumetric region where individual mitosis event occurs. Then, the extracted features can be directly feeded into the off-the-shelf classifiers for model learning or inference. Moreover, we prepare a novel and challenging dataset for mitosis detection. The comparison experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway neutrophil accumulation induced by interleukin‐8 and the effect of the thromboxane A2 antagonist S‐1452 in guinea‐pigs (1995)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been shown to be a chemotactic factor for neutrophils, T-lymphocytes and eosinophils, but it is unknown whether the IL-8-induced inflammatory cell accumulation into the airways can cause the bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) characteristic of asthma. IL-8 at a dose of 0.5 or 5 micrograms/kg was administered intranasally to guinea-pigs twice a week for 3 weeks. One day after the last administration, animals were anesthetized and artificially ventilated through tracheal cannula and lateral pressure at the cannula (Pao) was measured as an overall index of airway responses to increasing concentrations of inhaled histamine (25, 50, 100, and 200 micrograms/ml). The IL-8 treatment significantly enhanced bronchial responsiveness to histamine in a dose-dependent manner (ANOVA P < 0.01). The provocative concentration of histamine causing a 100% increase in Pao (PC100) at a dose of 0.5 and 5 micrograms/kg of IL-8 was 68.1 (GSEM 1.12) and 35.6 (GSEM 1.25) micrograms/ml, respectively. The latter was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that in control animals treated with PBS (93.3 [GSEM, 1.14] micrograms/ml). The IL-8 treatment also induced a significant influx of neutrophils, but not eosinophils, in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (18.3 +/- 8.8 and 30.6 +/- 8.3% in animals treated with 0.5 and 5 micrograms/kg, respectively, of IL-8 vs 3.6 +/- 0.7% in phosphate buffered saline-(PBS)-treated animals). Furthermore, we examined the effect of the thromboxane receptor antagonist S-1452 (0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg, i.p. 24 and 1 h before anesthesia) on this IL-8 induced BHR. S-1452 significantly inhibited the BHR dose-dependently (ANOVA P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Microstructural mobility of the polymeric gate insulator affecting pentacene charge transport (2007)

Organic semiconductor-dielectric interfacial characteristics play a critical role in influencing organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) performance characteristics. In this study, we report new insights into how the bulk/surface physicochemical characteristics of the gate insulator modulate the thin-film growth mode, microstructure, and OTFT performance parameters of pentacene films deposited on bilayer polymer (top)-SiO<sub>2</sub> (bottom) gate insulators. The results demonstrate that the pentacene growth mode varies substantially with the dielectric/substrate, and correlations are established between pentacene film growth mode, the thin-film to bulk microstructural phase transition, and OTFT device performance. Furthermore, we demonstrate here for the first time the key influence of the polymeric insulator layer microstructural mobility on pentacene film growth mode and OTFT response.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase of Bacteriophage T7 (1971)

A phage-specific DNA-polymerase has been discovered in Escherichia coli P3478 (a polymerase I-negative mutant) infected with phage T7. The polymerase, purified 700-fold, moves as a single band during electrophoresis at pH 8.0 on polyacrylamide gels and is free of endonucleolytic activity. In order to be active the purified enzyme requires deoxynucleoside 5′-triphosphates, Mg++, 2-mercaptoethanol, and single stranded DNA templates. Duplex DNAs, such as native T7 DNA, cannot serve as templates. Like the phage T4 polymerase and E. coli DNA-polymerase I, the T7 enzyme preparation catalyzes a hydrolysis of DNA from the 3′ terminus, but unlike the E. coli enzyme, it cannot initiate hydrolysis at the 5′ terminus. However, it has not been shown unequivocally that the exonuclease activity is part of the polymerase. We have identified gene 5 as the structural gene for the T7 DNA polymerase. Phage T7am28, which carries an amber mutation in gene 5, fails to induce polymerase activity in the nonpermissive host. Furthermore, a DNA-polymerase with increased heat lability has been purified from cells infected with the temperature-sensitive gene 5 mutant, T7ts11. The exonucleolytic activity of the purified T7ts11 enzyme is also more heat labile than that of the wild type enzyme. Cells infected with T7ts11 at the nonpermissive temperature fail to synthesize phage DNA, suggesting that the phage polymerase is essential for T7 DNA replication.
Antibacterial Activity of Xanthones from Guttiferaeous Plants against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1996)

Extracts of Garcinia mangostana (Guttiferae) showing inhibitory effects against the growth of S. aureus NIHJ 209p were fractionated according to guidance obtained from bioassay and some of the components with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were characterized. One active isolate, alpha-mangostin, a xanthone derivative, had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.57-12.5 micrograms mL-1. Other related xanthones were also examined to determine their anti-MRSA activity. Rubraxanthone, which was isolated from Garcinia dioica and has a structure similar to that of alpha-mangostin, had the highest activity against staphylococcal strains (MIC = 0.31-1.25 micrograms mL-1), an activity which was greater than that of the antibiotic vancomycin (3.13-6.25 micrograms mL-1). The inhibitory effect against strains of MRSA of two of the compounds when used in conjunction with other antibiotics was also studied. The anti-MRSA activity of alpha-mangostin was clearly increased by the presence of vancomycin; this behaviour was not observed for rubraxanthone. The strong in-vitro antibacterial activity of xanthone derivatives against both methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus suggests the compounds might find wide pharmaceutical use.
[New glaucoma surgery procedures]. (2021)

New glaucoma surgery procedures. The treatment of glaucoma aims to lower intraocular pressure in order to stop the evolution of the optic neuropathy. Surgery is indicated if medical and/or laser treatments are not sufficient and/or not well tolerated. The new minimally Invasive glaucoma surgery (migs) procedures allow faster visual recovery and reduce the risk of complications.
Protective effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists after focal cerebral ischemia in rabbits. (1989)

We studied the efficacy of postischemic, systemic treatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists dextromethorphan and dextrorphan in a rabbit model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Twenty-two rabbits underwent 1-hour occlusion of the left internal carotid and anterior cerebral arteries followed by 4.5 hours of reperfusion before sacrifice. One hour after the onset of ischemia, immediately after removing the arterial clips, the rabbits were blindly assigned to treatment with dextromethorphan (20 mg/kg i.v. loading dose followed by 10 mg/kg/hr maintenance infusion, n = 7), dextrorphan (15 mg/kg i.v. loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hr maintenance infusion, n = 7), or an equivalent volume of normal saline alone (n = 8). The maintenance infusion of drugs or saline was continued for the duration of the experiment. The formalin-fixed brains were analyzed with magnetic resonance imaging using coronal T2-weighted images, and ischemic neuronal damage was assessed on standard coronal hematoxylin-and- eosin-stained sections. The area of neocortical ischemic neuronal damage was significantly reduced in the groups treated with dextromethorphan (4.2%, p less than 0.01) and dextrorphan (6.1%, p less than 0.01) compared with the controls (36.2%). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated significantly smaller areas of cortical edema in the groups treated with dextromethorphan (14.6%, p less than 0.01) and dextrorphan (8.0%, p less than 0.01) compared with the controls (32.9%). These clinically tested antitussives with NMDA-antagonist properties may have therapeutic value in the treatment of human cerebrovascular disease.
sMETASeq: Combined Profiling of Microbiota and Host Small RNAs (2020)

Understanding microbial communities' roles in human health and disease requires methods that accurately characterize the microbial composition and their activity and effects within human biological samples. We present sMETASeq (small RNA Metagenomics by Sequencing), a novel method that uses sequencing of small RNAs to jointly measure host small RNA expression and create metagenomic profiles and detect small bacterial RNAs. We evaluated the performance of sMETASeq on a mock bacterial community and demonstrated its use on different human samples, including colon cancer, oral leukoplakia, cervix cancer, and a panel of human biofluids. In all datasets, the detected microbes reflected the biology of the different sample types.
Photophysics of atomic magnesium isolated in solid methane and perdeuteromethane. III. Evidence for a kinetic isotope effect in the competitive process of atomic magnesium insertion into a C–H bond (1988)

The formation of the C–H bond insertion product methylmagnesium hydride (CH3MgH) and the simultaneous emission of atomic triplet magnesium are observed following photoexcitation of the first allowed singlet resonance transition of atomic magnesium isolated in solid methane matrices at 12 K. Isotopic variation of the solid methane hosts produces observable differences in the relative branching ratios into the photophysical (atomic triplet emission) and photochemical (insertion product formation) channels. In solid perdeuteromethane (CD4), the intensity of the atomic emission is approximately five times that in solid methane (CH4) while the rate of formation of the insertion product shows the opposite behavior in the two solids. No singlet atomic magnesium emission is observed in the solid Mg/methane systems and the rise time of the atomic triplet emission is deduced to occur on a time scale of less than 10 ns. A simple model derived from spin and orbital correlations between reactants and products is presented which considers the effect of the low symmetry of an insertive reaction coordinate in the approach geometry of atomic magnesium to methane yielding the linear product CH3MgH. Using this model, the absence of the singlet atomic emission is explained in terms of the attractive nature of the singlet surface with respect to the formation of a bent, inserted intermediate. The observation of an enhanced rate of atomic magnesium intersystem crossing is thought to occur as a result of the symmetry-induced participation of the repulsive triplet surface in the process leading to the linear insertion product. The model also suggests an origin for the observed kinetic isotope effects. Differences in the observed behavior of the 1P state of atomic magnesium in gas-phase and solid-phase quenching experiments (explicitly the formation of fragmented products only with no unreacted atomic triplet in the former case and the formation of the insertion product with intense atomic triplet emission in the latter) are discussed in relation to the presence of efficient relaxation pathways in the solid phase and the absence of such pathways in the single-collision conditions of the gas-phase experiments.
The development of a simplified epithelial tissue phantom for the evaluation of an autofluorescence mitigation algorithm (2014)

Previously we developed an ultrathin, flexible, multimodal scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) for concurrent white light and fluorescence imaging. Autofluorescence (AF) arising from endogenous fluorophores (primarily collagen in the esophagus) act as major confounders in fluorescence-aided detection. To address the issue of AF, a real-time mitigation algorithm was developed and has been show to successfully remove AF during SFE imaging. To test our algorithm, we previously developed flexible, color-matched, synthetic phantoms featuring a homogenous distribution of collagen. In order to more rigorously test the AF mitigation algorithm, a phantom that better mimicked the in-vivo distribution of collagen in tissue was developed.
On the Relationship between Novelty and Popularity of User-Generated Content (2012)

This work deals with the task of predicting the popularity of user-generated content. We demonstrate how the novelty of newly published content plays an important role in affecting its popularity. More specifically, we study three dimensions of novelty. The first one, termed contemporaneous novelty , models the relative novelty embedded in a new post with respect to contemporary content that was generated by others. The second type of novelty, termed self novelty , models the relative novelty with respect to the user’s own contribution history. The third type of novelty, termed discussion novelty , relates to the novelty of the comments associated by readers with respect to the post content. We demonstrate the contribution of the new novelty measures to estimating blog-post popularity by predicting the number of comments expected for a fresh post. We further demonstrate how novelty based measures can be utilized for predicting the citation volume of academic papers.
Appendix D: Essentials of Linear Algebra (2004)

Essentials of Linear AlgebraIn this appendix we provide a brief review of results from linear algebra that are needed for state-space analysis.We state some definitions related to matrices and some properties of matrices without proof.For a deeper understanding, the reader is encouraged to refer to a linear algebra text (e.g., [37]). D.1 MATRIX INVERSE, SINGULARITYAn n × n matrix A is an invertible matrix if there exists another n × n matrix P such that AP = PA = I.If the inverse exists, it is unique and is typically denoted as A -1 .Further, it is easy to see that (A -1 ) -1 = A.If A does not have an inverse, it is called singular.Theorem D.1 A is singular if and only if there is a vector v = 0 such that Av = 0. D.2 MATRIX MINOR, DETERMINANT, AND ADJOINTThe minor of an element a ij of an m × n matrix A is the matrix, denoted A ij , of size (m -1) × (n -1) formed by deleting row i and column j of A.The determinant of an n × n matrix A, denoted det(A) or |A| is defined recursively as follows, where a, b, c, and d are scalars
Optimization of rotary transformer for high-speed applications (2013)

In grinding applications the processing of hard ceramics can be improved, if an ultrasonic axial vibration is superimposed to the rotation of the grinding tool in the grinding spindle head. The ultrasonic vibration is generated with a piezoelectric transducer which is attached to the rotating part of the spindle. Usually, the electrical energy is transferred with a rotary transformer consisting of a rotating secondary and stationary primary winding. There, the design of the rotary transformer is very crucial, since the available space in the spindle is limited and the cooling of the transformer is difficult. In addition, for high-speed applications the mechanical stresses on the transformer are high. Therefore, in this paper an optimization procedure of the rotary transformer with respect to minimum losses is presented, where magnetic, electrical and mechanical constraints are considered. In general, for a robust operation of the ultrasonic system an LLCC-filter is inserted between the piezoelectric transducer and the power converter, which makes the system insensitive to thermal and mechanical parameter variations. In order to keep the system complexity low, the needed LLCC-filter is magnetically integrated into the rotary transformer. In the literature, typically the components of the LLCC-filter are selected in such a way that the resonances of the LLCC-filter are matched to the mechanical resonant frequency of the piezoelectric transducer. This filter design method, however, doesn't result in minimum transformer losses. Therefore, in this paper also a new design method is proposed, which results in minimum transformer losses while keeping the ultrasonic system behavior stable and the control scheme simple. With a built prototype the proposed optimization procedure is experimentally verified based on a calorimetric measurement setup.
F-8 X-rays in 3D (2009)

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ChemInform Abstract: A New and Practical Five‐Carbon Component for Metal‐Catalyzed [5 + 2] Cycloadditions: Preparative Scale Syntheses of Substituted Cycloheptenones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-integrity ultra-thin silicon nitride film grown at low temperature for extending scaling limit of gate dielectric (1999)

This paper focuses attention on the electrical properties of ultra-thin silicon nitride films grown by the radial line slot antenna (RLSA) high-density plasma system at 400/spl deg/C as an advanced gate dielectric film. The results show low interface trap and bulk charge density, lower leakage current than jet vapor deposition (JVD) silicon nitride and thermally grown silicon oxide with same equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), high breakdown field intensity, almost no stress-induced leakage current, and very little trap generation, even under high-field stress.
Nanostructures Technology, Research, and Applications (1997)

Contains reports on seventeen research projects and a list of publications.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐2‐oxazolines and Their Pharmacological Evaluation at Cloned Human α‐Adrenergic Receptors. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Limitations of empirical calibration of p‐values using observational data (2016)

Controversy over non-reproducible published research reporting a statistically significant result has produced substantial discussion in the literature. p-value calibration is a recently proposed procedure for adjusting p-values to account for both random and systematic errors that address one aspect of this problem. The method's validity rests on the key assumption that bias in an effect estimate is drawn from a normal distribution whose mean and variance can be correctly estimated. We investigated the method's control of type I and type II error rates using simulated and real-world data. Under mild violations of underlying assumptions, control of the type I error rate can be conservative, while under more extreme departures, it can be anti-conservative. The extent to which the assumption is violated in real-world data analyses is unknown. Barriers to testing the plausibility of the assumption using historical data are discussed. Our studies of the type II error rate using simulated and real-world electronic health care data demonstrated that calibrating p-values can substantially increase the type II error rate. The use of calibrated p-values may reduce the number of false-positive results, but there will be a commensurate drop in the ability to detect a true safety or efficacy signal. While p-value calibration can sometimes offer advantages in controlling the type I error rate, its adoption for routine use in studies of real-world health care datasets is premature. Separate characterizations of random and systematic errors provide a richer context for evaluating uncertainty surrounding effect estimates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.