gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Process for the generation of .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters using niobium catalyst (2023)

A process using a niobium catalyst includes the step of reacting an ester or carboxylic acid with oxygen and an alcohol in the presence a niobium catalyst to respectively produce an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ester or carboxylic acid. Methanol may be used as the alcohol, and the ester or carboxylic acid may be passed over the niobium catalyst in a vapor stream containing oxygen and methanol. Alternatively, the process using a niobium catalyst may involve the step of reacting an ester and oxygen in the presence the niobium catalyst to produce an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid. In this case the ester may be a methyl ester. In either case, niobium oxide may be used as the niobium catalyst with the niobium oxide being present on a support. The support may be an oxide selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof. The catalyst may be formed by reacting niobium fluoride with the oxide serving as the support. The niobium catalyst may contain elemental niobium within the range of 1 wt % to 70 wt %, and more preferably within the range of 10 wt % to 30 wt %. The process may be operated at a temperature from 150 to 450.degree. C. and preferably from 250 to 350.degree. C. The process may be operated at a pressure from 0.1 to 15 atm. absolute and preferably from 0.5-5 atm. absolute. The flow rate of reactants may be from 10 to 10,000 L/kg.sub.(cat) /h, and preferably from 100 to 1,000 L/kg.sub.(cat) /h.
FPGA controlled high frequency resonant converter for contactless power transfer (2008)

This paper presents a new FPGA controlled high frequency converter for contactless power transfer systems. The converter is based on full bridge discontinuous energy injection and free oscillation of a series tuned resonant circuit. The switches of the converter can be operated at a lower frequency to generate a high frequency output current. By taking the advantage of the fast response rate of a FPGA, a variable frequency controller is developed to achieve accurate ZCS operation of the switches. The experimental result has shown that the proposed converter has a very fast but smooth start-up transient performance. The output current is fully controllable with sufficiently good waveforms for contactless power transfer systems.
Pump-probe optical coherence tomography imaging of Zenopus tadpole vasculature ex vivo (2012)

We present a novel Pump-Probe Optical Coherence Tomography (PPOCT) system, capable of imaging both methylene blue and hemoglobin. Ex vivo images of Zenopus tadpole vasculature were obtained using hemoglobin as the contrast agent.
Phase I dose-escalation results of prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted radionuclide therapy (PSMA-TRT) with alpha-radiolabeled antibody 225Ac-J591 and beta-radioligand 177Lu-PSMA I&T. (2023)

5018 Background: PSMA may be targeted by antibodies (mAb) or small molecules (SML), with different kinetics and biodistribution. mAb with longer circulation time and marrow exposure, but decreased access to luminal PSMA expression (e.g. salivary glands, intestine, kidney). SML diffuse to all sites of PSMA expression and then excreted. Alpha radionuclides emit more energy over shorter range vs beta. Pre-clinical data combining mAb and SML supports synergy, with enhanced uptake and retention of SML. Here, we present phase I dose-escalation results of a phase I/II trial investigating combo 225 Ac-J591 with 177 Lu-PSMA-I&amp;T (aka PNT2002). Methods: Eligibility criteria include progressive mCRPC, ≥1 prior AR pathway inhibitor (ARPI), prior chemo (or unfit/refuse), ≥1 lesion with SUVmax &gt;liver. Doses: 177 Lu-PSMA-I&amp;T (6.8 GBq); 225 Ac-J591 (30, 35, or 40 KBq/kg), up to 2 doses of combo TRT 8 weeks (wks) apart with 177 Lu SPECT following each dose. Primary objectives: dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and recommended phase II dose; phase II will test the proportion of patients (pts) obtaining &gt;50% PSA decline (PSA50). DLT defined as G4 myelosuppression lasting &gt;1 wk, Gr&gt;2 non-hematologic adverse event (AE), any Gr attributed AE delaying therapy &gt;3 wks. Additional endpoints include progression-free and overall survival, radiographic response rate, safety, circulating tumor cell (CTC) changes, pt reported outcomes, PSMA imaging, blood/tissue correlatives. Results: 18 pts treated (6 at each dose level); 3 did not receive the 2nd dose due to progressive disease or withdrawal. Median age 70 (range 54-86), PSA 54.4 (2.43-9614). 13 (72%) with bone, 9 (50%) lymph node, 2 (11%) liver, 2 (11%) lung mets. 10 (56%) pts CALGB risk category high, 7 (39%) intermediate, 1 low. Previous therapies: 11 (61%) with &gt;1 ARPI, 12 (67%) chemo, 5 (28%) sip-T, 3 (17%) radium-223. 2 of 6 pts with DLT at 40 KBq/Kg (Gr 2 or 3 thrombocytopenia delaying cycle 2 by &gt;3 wk); no DLT observed in other cohorts. As submission, 7 pts (39%) remain on study, including 1 without progression at 16 months and another with undetectable PSA at 10 months. With follow up ongoing, 17 (94%) with PSA decline, 9 (50%) with PSA50. Of those with paired CTC counts, 4 of 5 (80%) converted from unfavorable to favorable CTC count, 4 of 8 (50%) from detectable to undetectable, 1 of 2 (50%) remained undetectable. AEs include 3 (17%) neutropenia (all Gr &lt;2), 12 (67%) thrombocytopenia (3 Gr 3), 10 (56%) anemia (3 Gr 3), 10 (56%) pain flare (1 Gr3 in pt with cord compression), 12 (67%) xerostomia (one Gr2), 11 (61%) nausea (all Gr 1), 9 (50%) fatigue (all Gr 1). Conclusions: The combination of dual-PSMA targeting with mAb + SML and alpha + beta is feasible with follow up ongoing. Efficacy will formally be tested in the upcoming phase II portion of the study with 225 Ac-J591 at 35 KBq/Kg and 177 Lu-PSMA I&amp;T at 6.8 GBq. Clinical trial information: NCT04886986 .
Design, reliability and qualification of photonic crossconnects based on digital MEMS (2002)

The MEMS based fiber optical switch matrix is clearly an advanced technology for medium and large port-count optical cross-connects in optical networks. Regarding expandability, performance (as integration, insertion loss, polarization dependence loss, crosstalk, uniformity, wavelength flatness, directivity, return loss) and long-term reliability (temperature storage and cycling, FIT rate) the digital MEMS based switches meet the applicable Telcordia Generic Requirements. For the first time we show that MEMS based optical switches can meet those rigorous requirements.
Sigea traesduc io a+based strategies chrer ic for the treat e t myelogeno s eukemia (1996)

these pathways are criticN mediators of the growth stimulatory effects of the oncogene on hemopoietic ~NIs. This know~edge has been translated into therapeutic strategies that directly target BCR-ABL or the signaling pathways that BCR-A~L activates. Promising results in anim~ models have led to the design of Phase B
Drying stress and damage processes in human stratum corneum (2009)

The drying stresses that develop in stratum corneum (SC) are crucial for its mechanical and biophysical function, its cosmetic feel and appearance, and play a central role in processes of dry skin damage. However, quantitative methods to characterize these stresses are lacking and little understanding exists regarding the effects of drying environment, chemical exposures and moisturizing treatments. We describe the application of a substrate curvature technique adapted for biological tissue to accurately characterize SC drying stresses as a function of time following environmental pre-conditioning and chemical treatment in a range of drying environments. SC stresses were observed to increase to stress levels of up to approximately 3 MPa over periods of 8 h depending on pretreatment and drying environment. A unique relationship between the SC stress and water in the drying environment was established. The effect of glycerol on lowering SC stresses and damaging surfactants on elevating SC stresses were quantified. Extensions of the method to continuous monitoring of SC stresses in response to changes in environmental moisture content and temperature are reported. Finally, a biomechanics framework to account for the SC drying stress as a mechanical driving force for dry skin damage is presented.
Safety priorities for occupant protection in rear impacts (2023)

The primary mechanism for injury to rear-seated children and adults is intrusion, often without appropriate occupant restraint. There are priorities to improve protection by reducing intrusion, guarding the area around children, shifting front-occupant loads to the cushion frame and improving occupant restraints.
Signcryption schemes with insider security in an ideal permutation model (2019)

Abstract Signcryption aims to provide both confidentiality and authentication of messages more efficiently than performing encryption and signing independently. The “Commit-then-Sign &amp; Encrypt” (CtS&amp;E) method allows to perform encryption and signing in parallel. Parallel execution of cryptographic algorithms decreases the computation time needed to signcrypt messages. CtS&amp;E uses weaker cryptographic primitives in a generic way to achieve a strong security notion of signcryption. Various message pre-processing schemes, also known as message padding, have been used in signcryption as a commitment scheme in CtS&amp;E. Due to its elegance and versatility, the sponge structure turns out to be a useful tool for designing new padding schemes such as SpAEP [T. K. Bansal, D. Chang and S. K. Sanadhya, Sponge based CCA2 secure asymmetric encryption for arbitrary length message, Information Security and Privacy – ACISP 2015, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 9144, Springer, Berlin 2015, 93–106], while offering further avenues for optimization and parallelism in the context of signcryption. In this work, we design a generic and efficient signcryption scheme featuring parallel encryption and signature on top of a sponge-based message-padding underlying structure. Unlike other existing schemes, the proposed scheme also supports arbitrarily long messages. We prove the construction secure when instantiated from weakly secure asymmetric primitives such as a trapdoor one-way encryption and a universal unforgeable signature. With a careful analysis and simple tweaks, we demonstrate how different combinations of weakly secure probabilistic and deterministic encryption and signature schemes can be used to construct a strongly secure signcryption scheme, further broadening the choices of underlying primitives to cover essentially any combination thereof. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first signcryption scheme based on the sponge structure that also offers strong security using weakly secure underlying asymmetric primitives, even deterministic ones, along with the ability to handle long messages, efficiently.
Phase I dose-escalation study of PSMA-targeted alpha emitter 225Ac-J591 in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2020)

5560 Background: Antibodies (Abs) or small molecules can target PSMA with different biodistribution. Certain sites of PSMA expression (e.g. salivary/lacrimal glands, kidneys, small bowel) are not accessible to Abs. Given radiosensitivity of PC and potency of alpha emitters plus the ability to minimize targeting off tumor PSMA+ sites with J591, we performed a 1st in human study of 225 Ac-J591. Methods: Men with progressive mCRPC following at least 1 potent AR-pathway inhibitor (ARPI) and chemo (or unfit/refuse) without limit of # prior therapies (Ra-223 and 177 Lu-PSMA allowed) with ECOG PS 0-2 and adequate organ function were eligible. Baseline 68 Ga-PSMA11 PET was performed, but not used for eligibility. Initially 1-subject cohorts treated until transition to 3+3 at dose level 5 (predicted by dosimetry to have moderate toxicity) with a single infusion of 225 Ac-J591 (13.3 KBq/kg with planned escalation up to 93.3 KBq/kg). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) defined as attributable grade (Gr) 4 heme toxicity or Gr 3/4 non-heme tox. Imaging, genomic, patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and immune correlates embedded. Results: 22 men treated on 7 dose levels; median age 72.5 (range 58-89), PSA 147 (5-7168); 82% with &gt;2 prior ARPI, 64% chemo, 23% Ra-223, 55% 177 Lu-PSMA. 1 (5%) CALGB (Halabi) good prognostic risk, 10 (45%) intermed, 11 (50%) poor risk. 1 of 6 in cohort 6 (80 KBq/kg) had DLT (Gr 4 anemia and platelets); no others had attributable Gr &gt; 2 non-heme or Gr &gt; 3 heme AE (including 0 of 6 at the highest dose level 93.3 KBq/Kg). Gr 1/2 AE’s: 17 (77%) fatigue, 11 (50%) pain flare, 10 (45%) anemia (+1 Gr 3), 10 (45%) platelets, 6 (27%) nausea, 6 (27%) xerostomia (5 of 6 with prior 177 Lu-PSMA), 5 (23%) neutropenia, 4 (18%) AST elevation. Despite prior treatment including 177 Lu-PSMA and no selection for PSMA expression, 14 (64%) with any PSA decline, 9 (41%) with &gt; 50% PSA decline. 15 (68%) had initial PSA rise followed by decline from peak (delayed effect). 2 with response &gt; 1 year despite prior 177 Lu-PSMA. Of 15 with paired baseline and 12-wk CTC counts, 8 declined, 4 remained undetectable, 3 increased. In subset with complete PRO data (baseline to 12 wks), pain was improved or absent by BPI-SF in 63% and by FACT-P in 89%. Social and emotional well-being domains of FACT-P improved or stabilized in majority; physical well-being improved in most responders. Conclusions: Alpha-emitter 225 Ac targeting PSMA via J591 Ab is tolerable with early evidence of clinical activity in a pre-treated population with favorable PRO’s. Enrollment to expansion cohort being completed. Clinical trial information: NCT03276572 .
Witchcraft, genealogy, Foucault (2001)

This paper is a genealogical reflection on both the historiography of European witchcraft and the dynamics of witchcraft trials. I argue that traditional scholarly assumptions about the ‘unsophisticated’ nature of early modern European mentalities result in inadequate representations of accused witches and of the social contexts and processes of the trials. Genealogy, by contrast, problematizes fundamental notions such as reason, order, power and progress in ways that not only provide a different range of effective tools for the analysis of belief in witchcraft, but also underline its crucial significance for social theory. In the final section, an analysis of a typical trial is undertaken employing key genealogical insights into confession, torture, truth, governmentality, power, pleasure and pain.
Dynamic Metabolic Model Building Based on the Ensemble Modeling Approach (2016)

Ensemble modeling of kinetic systems addresses the challenges of kinetic model construction, with respect to parameter value selection, and still allows for the rich insights possible from kinetic models. This project aimed to show that constructing, implementing, and analyzing such models is a useful tool for the metabolic engineering toolkit, and that they can result in actionable insights from models. Key concepts are developed and deliverable publications and results are presented.
Development of multi-component explosive lenses for arbitrary phase velocity generation (2014)

The combination of explosives with different detonation velocities and lens-like geometric shaping is a well-established technique for producing phased detonation waves of a desired shape. This technique can be extended to produce nearly arbitrary detonation phase velocities for the purposes of sequentially imploding pressurized tubes, driving Mach disks or directing blast and fragmentation. This paper presents the theoretical development and experimental testing of two types of explosive lenses designed to produce either of these effects.
Transfer-Printed Single-Photon Detectors on Arbitrary Photonic Substrates (2023)

We demonstrate the integration of superconducting single-photon detectors onto arbitrary photonic substrates via transfer printing. Using this method, we show single-photon detection in a lithium niobate on insulator photonic circuit.
Recalls of Foods due to Microbial Contamination Classified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2000 to 2017 (2019)

Recall of microbial-contaminated food products is an important intervention in preventing the transmission of foodborne illness. Here, we summarize the number and nature of foods recalled as a result of microbial contamination, classified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, for the period 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2017. A total of 10,432 food products were recalled from 2,094 recall events in Canada because of microbial contamination during this period. The meat, meat products and poultry category, followed by fishery and seafood products and nuts and edible seeds, contained the food products most commonly associated with microbial contamination. Most microbial-contaminated food products reported were recalled because of the presence bacterial pathogens. <i>Salmonella</i> contamination was responsible for the largest number of recall events, whereas <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> contamination accounted for the greatest number of food products recalled because of microbial contamination. <i>L. monocytogenes</i> contamination was also most commonly associated with major food recall events, although records may be inflated because of an invested effort to prevent future <i>L. monocytogenes</i> outbreaks following a 2008 deli meat recall. The findings and data we present in this study will support future surveillance and analysis of microbial-contaminated food recalls in Canada.
Two-photon excitation of fluorescence from chicken tissue (1997)

We have measured UV fluorescence excited through two-photon absorption from native chicken tissue, using 600-nm, 500-fs pulses from a R6G dye laser. The observed emission signal was found to depend quadratically on the excitation intensity. The two-photon excitation-induced fluorescence spectrum is attributed to tryptophan residues in proteins.
Highly enhanced piezoelectric property of co-doped AlN (2015)

We propose a series of new compositions of AlN-based piezoelectric material based on the results of first-principles calculation. The composition is expressed by Al1−xN, where the elements α and β are selected to maintain the charge neutrality of the host AlN. We found that the selection of Mg2+ for α and Hf4+ and Zr4+ for β with y = 0.5 show good chemical stability with much better piezoelectric properties than pure AlN. Our results indicate broad compositional freedom for improving the piezoelectric properties of AlN by using the co-doping technique.
TeleRobotic Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS): Effects of time delay - pilot study (2008)

Within the area of telerobotic surgery no standardized means of surgically relevant performance evaluation has been established. The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) program provides a set of standardized tasks that are considered the 'gold standard' in surgical skill assessment. We present a methodology for using one of the SAGES FLS tasks for surgical robotic performance evaluation. The TeleRobotic FLS methodology is extendable to two other FLS tasks. Time delay in teleoperation in general and telesurgery in particular is one of the fundamental effects that limits performance in telerobotic surgery. In this pilot study the effect of time delay on the Block Transfer task performance was investigated. The RAVEN Surgical Robot was used in a master/slave configuration in which time delays of 0, 250, 500, and 1000 ms were introduced by a network emulator between the master (Surgeon Site) and the slave (Patient Site). The study included three subjects, each of whom was presented with three of the four conditions. The results show that one subject had a lower error rate with increasing time delay, whereas the other subjects had a higher error rate with increased delay. The subject with the longest average completion time suffered the least performance decrease under time delay.
Analysis of cloud chamber measurements of gas phase polymerization (1987)

This paper provides a summary of some of the principal mathematical and theoretical tools for the analysis of experimental data accumulated in the course of the study of true gas phase chain polymerization, using nucleation and growth (in cloud chambers) of liquid monomer drops for detection. Included in the discussion are (1) a theory for the nucleation of supersaturated monomer vapors by single polymer molecules formed from the same monomer, (2) the development of the appropriate stochastics for the growth and transport of the polymers in a variety of experiments involving different configurations of space and time, (3) the development of mathematical methods for determining, from the data, rate constants and critical (for nucleation) polymer sizes, and (4) the development of methods for the extraction of mechanistic information from the noise (fluctuating rate) in the reaction involving only a small number of product molecules. All of these ideas are used in the treatment of experiments reported in the following and subsequent papers.
A Practical Electrophilic Nitrogen Source for the Synthesis of Chiral Primary Amines by Copper-Catalyzed Hydroamination (2018)

A mild and practical method for the catalytic installation of the amino group across alkenes and alkynes has long been recognized as a significant challenge in synthetic chemistry. As the direct hydroamination of olefins using ammonia requires harsh conditions, the development of suitable electrophilic aminating reagents for formal hydroamination methods is of importance. Herein, we describe the use of 1,2-benzisoxazole as a practical electrophilic primary amine source. Using this heterocycle as a new amino group delivery agent, a mild and general protocol for the copper-hydride-catalyzed hydroamination of alkenes and alkynes to form primary amines was developed. This method provides access to a broad range of chiral α-branched primary amines and linear primary amines, as demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of the antiretroviral drug maraviroc and the formal synthesis of several other pharmaceutical agents.
Through Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate the Original Properties of Neural Pathways of Patients with Partial Seizures and Secondary Generalization by Individual Anatomic Reference Atlas (2014)

To investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in neocortical epilepsy, we extract supratentorial WM parameters from raw tensor magnetic resonance images (MRI) with automated region-of-interest (ROI) registrations. Sixteen patients having neocortical seizures with secondarily generalised convulsions and 16 age-matched normal subjects were imaged with high-resolution and diffusion tensor MRIs. Automated demarcation of supratentorial fibers was accomplished with personalized fiber-labeled atlases. From the individual atlases, we observed significant elevation of mean diffusivity (MD) in fornix (cres)/stria terminalis (FX/ST) and sagittal stratum (SS) and a significant difference in fractional anisotropy (FA) among FX/ST, SS, posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), and posterior thalamic radiation (PTR). For patients with early-onset epilepsy, the diffusivities of the SS and the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule were significantly elevated, and the anisotropies of the FX/ST and SS were significantly decreased. In the drug-resistant subgroup, the MDs of SS and PTR and the FAs of SS and PLIC were significantly different. Onset age was positively correlated with increases in FAs of the genu of the corpus callosum. Patients with neocortical seizures and secondary generalisation had microstructural anomalies in WM. The changes in WM are relevant to early onset, progression, and severity of epilepsy.