gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biology in a Nutshell (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Origin of Life Molecular Biology of the Cell Chemical Bonds and Forces Important in Biological Molecules Functional Groups in Biological Molecules Major Classes of Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Structural Cell Biology Structure and Function of Biological Membranes Nucleus Cytosol Mitochondria Endoplasmatic Reticulum and Golgi Complex Other Organelles Expression of Genes Transcription Processing of the mRNA Translation Protein Sorting and Posttranslational Modifications Regulation of Gene Expression Cell Cycle Mitosis Meiosis and Genetic Recombination
J055032 Unsteady Flow Structures in the Vaneless Diffuser of a Transonic Centrifugal Compressor (2013)

Transonic centrifugal compressors for automotive turbochargers operate from near surge limit to choke limit. In order to improve the performance, it is indispensable to understand unsteady flow phenomena in the centrifugal compressors at off-design point. In this study, the flow fields in the vaneless diffuser of a transonic centrifugal compressor at off-design points have been investigated by DES(Detached Eddy Simulation). The numerical simulation results show that the jet-wake structure discharged from the impeller becomes larger with a decrease in the flow rate. At the disturbance onset point, the jet-wake structure flows into the scroll, so that non-uniform pressure distribution appears in the circumferential direction in the scroll. The high-pressure region in the scroll rotates in the impeller rotational direction with a speed close to the impeller rotating speed. At the developed disturbance point, the high-pressure region in the scroll causes steep adverse pressure gradient in the diffuser.
Ground-shielded measuring technique for accurate on-wafer characterization of RF CMOS devices (2002)

This paper presents a new test fixture with associated de-embedding procedure for efficient and accurate on-wafer device measurements at microwave frequencies. The fixture is based on a substrate shield and (i) provides an accurate common ground for N-port measurements, (ii) effectively reduces substrate carried coupling, (iii) gives well-defined parasitics for simplified de-embedding, and (iv) fits arbitrarily large devices. Due to these characteristics, the accompanying de-embedding technique requires only few in-fixture standards that can be fabricated with very high accuracy; even in standard CMOS processes. The technique can advantageously be applied to a wide range of commonly used processes, but highest performance improvement is achieved with low-resistivity substrates. The performance of the technique is demonstrated to 12 GHz in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and conclusions are drawn.
ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF TYPE II SLAP LESIONS: BICEPS TENODESIS AS A FUNCTIONAL ALTERNATIVE TO REINSERTION (2009)

The purpose of this study was to review the results of biceps tenodesis and biceps reinsertion in the treatment of type II SLAP lesions. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of a continuous series of patients. Only isolated type II SLAP lesions were included: twenty-five cases from January 2000 to April 2004. Exclusion criteria included associated instability, rotator cuff rupture and previous shoulder surgery. Ten patients (ten men) with an average age of thirty-seven years (range, 19–57) had a reinsertion of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) to the labrum with two suture anchors. Fifteen patients (nine men and six women) with an average age of fifty-two years (range, 28–64) underwent biceps tenodesis in the bicipital groove. All patients were reviewed by an independent examiner. In the reattachment group, the average follow-up was thirty-five months (range, 24–69); three patients underwent subsequent biceps tenodesis for persistent pain, three others were disappointed because of an inability to return to their previous level of sport, and the remaining four were very satisfied. The average Constant score improved from sixty-five to eighty-three points. In the tenodesis group, the average follow-up was thirty-four months (range, 24–68). No patient required revision surgery. Subjectively, one patient was disappointed (atypical residual pain), two were satisfied and twelve were very satisfied. All patients returned to their previous level of sports, and the average Constant score improved from fifty-nine to eighty-nine points. The results of labral reattachment were disappointing in comparison to biceps tenodesis. Thus, arthroscopic biceps tenodesis can be considered as an effective alternative to reattachment in the treatment of isolated type II SLAP lesions. By moving the origin of the biceps to an extra-articular position, we eliminated the traction on the superior labrum and the source of pain; furthermore, range of motion and strength are unaltered allowing for a return to a pre-surgical level of activity.
An in Vivo Assay for Anti-LH-RH and Anti-FSH-RH Activity of Inhibitory Analogues of LH-RH∗ (1975)

A convenient and sensitive method for testing anti-LH- and FSH-releasing activities of antagonists of LH-RH was devised. The peptides to be tested were injected subcutaneously together with synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in immature male rats. Serum LH and FSH concentrations were measured 30 min later by radioimmunoassay. In this system, [DesHis2]-LH-RH failed to block the pituitary response to LH-RH in agreement with previous data. The administration of [DesHis2, desGly10]-LH-RH ethylamide, [Des-His2, Leu3, des Gly10]-LH-RH ethylamide, [Des-His2, D-Ala6, des-Gly10]-LH-RH ethylamide, and [DESHis2, D-Ala6]-LH-RH in doses of 200 mug/rat, and [DesHis2, Leu3, D-Ala, desGly10]-LH-RH ethylamide in doses ranging from 100-400 mug/rat caused a significant inhibition of LH-RH-induced release of LH and FSH. On the other hand, [DesHis2, desGly10]-LH-RH propylamide, and [Leu2, Leu3, D-Ala6, desGly10]-LH-RH ethylamide failed to block the response to LH-RH. Among the peptides tested, [DesHis2, d-ala6, desGly10]-LH-RH etylamide, [Leu2, Leu3, D-Ala, desGly10]-LH-RH ethylamide in doses of 200 mug and [DesHis2, Leu3, D-Ala6, desGly10]-LH-RH ethylamide in a dose of 400 mug/rat showed some intrinsic LH and FSH-releasing activities. The method described here is simple and convenient for studying the anti-LH-RH release activity of inhibitory analogues of LH-RH, and also enabled us to demonstrate for the first time an in vivo inhibition of FSH release by these analogues.
Hydrogen‐Permeable Tubular Membrane Reactor: Promoting Conversion and Product Selectivity for Non‐Oxidative Activation of Methane over an Fe©SiO2 Catalyst (2016)

Non-oxidative methane conversion over Fe©SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst was studied for the first time in a hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub> ) permeable tubular membrane reactor. The membrane reactor is composed of a mixed ionic-electronic SrCe<sub>0.7</sub> Zr<sub>0.2</sub> Eu<sub>0.1</sub> O<sub>3-δ</sub> thin film (≈20 μm) supported on the outer surface of a one-end capped porous SrCe<sub>0.8</sub> Zr<sub>0.2</sub> O<sub>3-δ</sub> tube. Significant improvement in CH<sub>4</sub> conversion was achieved upon H<sub>2</sub> removal from the membrane reactor compared to that in a fixed-bed reactor. The Fe©SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst in the H<sub>2</sub> permeable membrane reactor demonstrated a stable ≈30 % C<sub>2+</sub> single-pass yield, with up to 30 % CH<sub>4</sub> conversion and 99 % selectivity to C<sub>2</sub> (ethylene and acetylene) and aromatic (benzene and naphthalene) products, at the tested conditions. The selectivity towards C<sub>2</sub> or aromatics was manipulated purposely by adding H<sub>2</sub> into or removing H<sub>2</sub> from the membrane reactor feed and permeate gas streams.
A Chemical Ionization High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer Coupled to a Micro Orifice Volatilization Impactor (MOVI-HRToF-CIMS) for Analysis of Gas and Particle-Phase Organic Species (2012)

We describe a new instrument, chemical ionization (CI) high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ToFMS) coupled to a micro-orifice volatilization impactor (MOVI-HRToF-CIMS). The MOVI-HRToF-CIMS instrument is unique in that, within a compact field-deployable package, it provides (1) quantifiable molecular-level information for both gas and particle-phase organic species on timescales ranging from ≤1 s for gases to 10–60 min for particle-phase compounds that can be used to efficiently probe oxidation and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation mechanisms, and (2) relative volatility information of the detected compounds simultaneously estimated using the programmed thermal desorption information obtained from the MOVI. We demonstrate the capabilities of a prototype instrument using known test compounds and complex mixtures generated from the oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons. We present spectra obtained using both negative and positive ion CI with acetate (CH3C(O)O−) and protonated water clusters (H3O+·(H2O) n ), respectively, as reagent ions. The instrument has high mass resolving power (R = 5000 above m/Q 250 Th) and mass accuracy (±20 ppm) enabling estimation of compound elemental composition. Instrument sensitivity in negative ion mode was tested using formic acid as a representative gas-phase compound, and that for particle-phase compounds was tested using palmitic, azelaic, and tricarballylic acids. With a heated MOVI inlet, an ion count rate of ∼15 Hz is achieved when sampling 1 pptv (= 1 pmol/mol) of formic acid (or other monocarboxylic acids) under typical operating conditions. This sensitivity translates to detection limits less than 1 ng/m3 for carboxylic acids in the particle-phase. We also discuss the remaining challenges with this instrument to broadly characterizing gaseous and particulate oxygenated organic compounds in situ. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
Learning Deep Representations via Contrastive Learning for Instance Retrieval (2022)

Instance-level Image Retrieval (IIR), or simply Instance Retrieval, deals with the problem of finding all the images within an dataset that contain a query instance (e.g. an object). This paper makes the first attempt that tackles this problem using instance-discrimination based contrastive learning (CL). While CL has shown impressive performance for many computer vision tasks, the similar success has never been found in the field of IIR. In this work, we approach this problem by exploring the capability of deriving discriminative representations from pre-trained and fine-tuned CL models. To begin with, we investigate the efficacy of transfer learning in IIR, by comparing off-the-shelf features learned by a pre-trained deep neural network (DNN) classifier with features learned by a CL model. The findings inspired us to propose a new training strategy that optimizes CL towards learning IIR-oriented features, by using an Average Precision (AP) loss together with a fine-tuning method to learn contrastive feature representations that are tailored to IIR. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates significant performance enhancement over the off-the-shelf features learned from a pre-trained DNN classifier on the challenging Oxford and Paris datasets.
36‐3: Microlens Collimation Film with Near‐Infrared Spectral Filter for Large‐Area Fingerprint Sensor (2021)

A microlens collimation has been manufactured using a roll‐to‐roll process to enable large‐area image sensing applications. This film was made with 3M proprietary precision micro‐replication process. Measurement techniques and a companion NIR filter for ambient light rejection are also discussed in this paper.
Rationally-Designed Redox-Active Materials for the Separation of Isomers (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRationally-Designed Redox-Active Materials for the Separation of IsomersIgor V. Kourkine, Chad A. Mirkin, Kin-Chung Lam, and Arnold L. RheingoldView Author Information Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 11, 2659–2660Publication Date (Web):March 2, 2000Publication History Received1 December 1999Published online2 March 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja994197ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja994197arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Mixtures,Molecules,Oxidation,Pyridines,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Electrothermally actuated tip-tilt-piston micromirror with integrated varifocal capability (2015)

MEMS micromirrors have proven to be very important optical devices with applications ranging from steerable mirrors for switches and cross-connects to spatial light modulators for correcting optical distortions. Usually beam steering and focusing are done with different MEMS devices and tilt angles in excess of 10 degrees are seldom obtained. Here we describe a single MEMS device that combines tip/tilt, piston mode and varifocal capability into a single, low cost device with very large tilt angles. Our device consists of a 400 micron diameter mirror driven with thermal bimorphs. We have demonstrated deflection angles of ± 40 degrees along both axes, a tunable focal length which varies between -0.48 mm to + 20.5 mm and a piston mode range of 300 microns - four separately controllable degrees of freedom in a single device. Potential applications range from smart lighting to optical switches and devices for telecom systems.
Uniformly optimal 3-D fan filters for optical moving target detection (1993)

A new type of 3-D fan filter has been proposed which passes undistorted all targets over a specified velocity set while providing maximum noise attenuation. Unlike the 3-D matched filter the fan filter avoids velocity mismatch over the velocity set for which it is designed. Analytical expressions for the SNR improvement of these filters which facilitate the design of banks of these filters as well as performance trade-off studies are obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fast 3D NIR systems for facial measurement and lip-reading (2017)

Structured-light projection is a well-established optical method for the non-destructive contactless three-dimensional (3D) measurement of object surfaces. In particular, there is a great demand for accurate and fast 3D scans of human faces or facial regions of interest in medicine, safety, face modeling, games, virtual life, or entertainment. New developments of facial expression detection and machine lip-reading can be used for communication tasks, future machine control, or human-machine interactions. In such cases, 3D information may offer more detailed information than 2D images which can help to increase the power of current facial analysis algorithms. In this contribution, we present new 3D sensor technologies based on three different methods of near-infrared projection technologies in combination with a stereo vision setup of two cameras. We explain the optical principles of an NIR GOBO projector, an array projector and a modified multi-aperture projection method and compare their performance parameters to each other. Further, we show some experimental measurement results of applications where we realized fast, accurate, and irritation-free measurements of human faces.
Sequential Testing for Early Stopping of Online Experiments (2015)

Online evaluation methods, such as A/B and interleaving experiments, are widely used for search engine evaluation. Since they rely on noisy implicit user feedback, running each experiment takes a considerable time. Recently, the problem of reducing the duration of online experiments has received substantial attention from the research community. However, the possibility of using sequential statistical testing procedures for reducing the time required for the evaluation experiments remains less studied. Such sequential testing procedures allow an experiment to stop early, once the data collected is sufficient to make a conclusion. In this work, we study the usefulness of sequential testing procedures for both interleaving and A/B testing. We propose modified versions of the O'Brien & Fleming and MaxSPRT sequential tests that are applicable for testing in the interleaving scenario. Similarly, for A/B experiments, we assess the usefulness of the O'Brien & Fleming test, as well as that of our proposed MaxSPRT-based sequential testing procedure. In our experiments on datasets containing 115 interleaving and 41 A/B testing experiments, we observe that considerable reductions in the average experiment duration can be achieved by using our proposed tests. In particular, for A/B experiments, the average experiment durations can be reduced by up to 66% in comparison with a single step test procedure, and by up to 44% in comparison with the O'Brien & Fleming test. Similarly, a marked relative reduction of 63% in the duration of the interleaving experiments can be achieved.
Constructing memory-polynomial models from frequency-dependent AM/AM and AM/PM measurements (2007)

Nonlinear behavioral models are advantageously used in system-level simulations to predict the generated distortion without the full computationally complexity of transistor- based circuit simulations. Such models are often described by two static nonlinearities called AM/AM and AM/PM-conversion. Because the modeling with purely static nonlinearities is not sufficient for wideband applications (no memory effects are considered), we introduce the concept of frequency dependent AM/AM and AM/PM surfaces, which can be easily determined from two-tone measurements by sweeping both, the input signal magnitude and the modulation frequency of the RF power amplifier (PA). With the obtained two-dimensional functions, we are able to construct a memory-polynomial model (simplified Volterra model, where the off-diagonal kernels are zero) by solving simple linear equation systems.
Inhomogeneous broadening of vibrational linewidths in polyatomic liquids (1980)

The first account of inhomogeneous broadening of vibrational linewidths in non-hydrogen-bonded liquids is presented based on the combined results of isotropic spontaneous Raman studies and picosecond coherent probing experiments. The symmetric CH3-stretching vibrational linewidths studied were found to be inhomogeneously broadened to various degrees. A correlation between the inhomogeneous broadening and the liquid’s local number density distribution width is demonstrated, upon which a theoretical model for inhomogeneous broadening is developed. A stochastic line shape theory is constructed in which homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening are treated simultaneously in terms of one vibrational correlation function. This treatment unifies the fast and slow modulation approaches to vibrational dephasing and demonstrates how isotropic spontaneous Raman scattering studies and picosecond coherent probing experiments can be used in conjunction to study the inhomogeneous broadening of vibrational linewidths.
23.6 A 30Gb/s 0.8pJ/b 14nm FinFET receiver data-path (2016)

The demand for energy-efficient I/O link transceivers operating at raw data-rates in the tens of Gb/s continues to fuel innovation in the field of wireline communication [1]. Receiving equalizers under one pJ/b are sought for chip-to-chip and chip-to-module links designed to operate across short-reach copper channels. Standards such as CEI-28G-VSR suit chip-to-module communication at raw data rates up to 28Gb/s and 10–12dB insertion loss at Nyquist. Proprietary and open standards in the same speed range are being developed too for data and memory-centric systems co-designed with CPUs and GPUs and channels with insertion loss on the order of 20dB [2].
Beam Characteristics of Positively and Negatively Charged Droplets Generated by Vacuum Electrospray of an Ionic Liquid (2012)

To develop a vacuum-electrospray beam source for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), beam characteristics of charged droplets electrosprayed in vacuum were investigated in the negative-ion mode as well as the positive-ion mode. A quaternary ammonium ionic liquid was tested. Experimental results showed that there are differences as well as similarities between the positive-ion mode and the negative-ion mode. Beam current changed greatly with capillary voltage and the flow rate of the ionic liquid. Transient response analysis showed that the vacuum electrospray generated a mixed beam consisting of charged particles of smaller m/z values (m/z∼103) and charged droplets of larger m/z values (m/z∼105 to 106). It turned out that the m/z values of the charged droplets diminished with increasing capillary voltage. Using a three-dimensional positioning stage, the capillary position dependence on the beam characteristics was measured. It proved to be of great importance to align the central axis of a capillary with those of apertures in order to maximize the current component of the charged droplets of the larger m/z values and minimize the ratio of the current component of the smaller m/z values. A high alignment accuracy proved to be required at small gap lengths between a capillary tip and a counter electrode.
Physicochemical Mechanics of the Propagation of the Stabilized Oil Bank Formed During Dilute Surfactant Flooding (1981)

ABSTRACT Recent displacement tests have indicated that under certain conditions the stabilized oil bank formed during dilute surfactant flooding may be composed of as many as three distinct oil banks. These secondary oil banks are characterized by the arrival of high oil cuts, high sulfonate concentrations, and low interfacial tensions in the effluent stream. The mechanisms governing the formation of these three banks, although different for each bank, are related to the interactions between the oil, rock, surfactant solution, and mobility buffer. To determine the mechanisms governing the formation of these banks, a series of core floods was designed to isolate and study each bank separately. The experimental results, including the production histories and effluent analysis of these tests are presented and discussed. The results of these tests indicate that two of the banks are formed by the chromatographic separation of high and low equivalent weight sulfonates, while the third is formed by the desorption of sulfonate during the injection of low saline fluids (mobility buffers). Also discussed are the means to alter the production profiles of displacement tests by manipulation of these mechanisms.