gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tropylium Tetrafluoroborate (2001)

[27081-10-3] C7H7BF4 (MW 177.95) InChI = 1S/C7H7.BF4/c1-2-4-6-7-5-3-1;2-1(3,4)5/h1-7H;/q+1;-1 InChIKey = SQVQHTIKOZVGLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (useful precursor to azulenes,2, 3 cycloheptatrienes,4-15 heptafulvenes,4, 9, 16 8-azafulvenes,17 and tropones18, 19) Alternate Names: tropylium fluoroborate, cycloheptatrienocarbonium fluoroborate. Physical Data: mp >200 °C (dec). Solubility: sol polar organic solvents (e.g. MeCN, DMF), and H2O; reacts with DMSO.19 Form Supplied in: white powder; commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: elemental analysis; λmax 218 nm; (log ε 4.70), 274 nm; (log ε 3.61).20 Preparative Methods: most conveniently prepared by the reaction of cycloheptatriene with PCl3, followed by treatment with ethanolic HBF4 at 0 °C (0.24 mol scale, 80–89% yield).20 The reagent is obtained in 98–100% purity. Purification: can be recrystallized from a large volume of ethyl acetate or ethyl acetate–acetonitrile; however, considerable material is lost and the purity of the reagent is not significantly improved.20 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: this material is a nonhygroscopic, stable source of the tropylium ion, making it a superior choice to either the halide (hygroscopic) or perchlorate (potentially explosive) salts. The reagent is a corrosive solid.
Phase I Trial of Tipifarnib in Patients With Recurrent Malignant Glioma Taking Enzyme-Inducing Antiepileptic Drugs: A North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study (2005)

Toxicities and pharmacokinetics differ significantly when comparing patients on or off EIAEDs. EIAEDs significantly decreased the maximum concentration, AUC(0-12 hours), and predose trough concentrations of tipifarnib. Even in the presence of EIAEDs, the levels of tipifarnib were still sufficient to potently inhibit FTase activity in patient PBMCs. The relevance of these important findings to clinical activity will be determined in ongoing studies with larger numbers of patients.
A Magnetically-Triggered Composite Membrane for On-Demand Drug Delivery (2011)

Nanocomposite membranes based on thermosensitive, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based nanogels and magnetite nanoparticles have been designed to achieve "on-demand" drug delivery upon the application of an oscillating magnetic field. On-off release of sodium fluorescein over multiple magnetic cycles has been successfully demonstrated using prototype membrane-based devices. The total drug dose delivered was directly proportional to the duration of the "on" pulse. The membranes were non-cytotoxic, biocompatible, and retained their switchable flux properties after 45 days of subcutaneous implantation.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Sangivamycin-like Molecule 6 Exhibits Potent Anti-Multiple Myeloma Activity through Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-9 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 77K, SLM6 shows combinatorial activity with bortezomib.&lt;/p&gt;
Growth Hormone Research Society perspective on the development of long-acting growth hormone preparations: Table 1 (2020)

The Growth Hormone (GH) Research Society (GRS) convened a workshop to address important issues regarding trial design, efficacy, and safety of long-acting growth hormone preparations (LAGH).
Did the Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase Evolve from a Eubacterial Regulator of Gene Expression? (2000)

The recent sequencing of the genome of Rickettsia prowazekii, a eubacterium that is more closely related to mitochondria than to any other known prokaryote, has provided exciting new insights into the evolution of mitochondria and their genomes (Andersson et al. 1998). Consistent with the endosymbiont hypothesis (Gray et al. 1989; Gray 1993; Yang et al. 1985), many mitochondrial proteins appear to be functionally conserved in R. prowazekii and other eubacteria. An important exception concerns the proteins which make up the machinery for the import of mitochondrial proteins from the cytosol. In this study, we addressed the function of a eubacterial homolog of mitochondrial processing peptidases (MPPs), which remove targeting signals from proteins imported into the mitochondrial matrix compartment. Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA and synthesized in the cytosol. Hence, they have to be imported into mitochondria, for which purpose they are synthesized with an amino-terminal targeting (pre-)sequence. After translocation into the mitochondrial matrix, the presequence is removed by MPP (Brunner, Klaus, and Neupert 1994). MPP consists of two nonidentical but homologous subunits, designated a-MPP and b-MPP, which were identified in the mitochondria of several organisms (Braun and Schmitz 1995). Only the b subunit has catalytic activity (Arretz et al. 1994). All known MPP proteins belong to the socalled pitrilysin, or insulinase, family of endoproteases (Barret, Rawlings, and Woesner 1998). This family includes (1) Escherichia coli pitrilysin, a periplasmic protease involved in the degradation of small peptides; (2) insulinases from mammals and insects; (3) the PqqF protein from Klebsiella, involved in biosynthesis of the coenzyme PQQ; and (4) the N-arginine dibasic convertase from the rat. All catalytically active members of the pitrilysin family contain the motif His-x-x-Glu-His-x76Glu, in which the two histidine residues and the C-terminal glutamate are required for the binding of zinc
UV laser based stand-off acoustic sensor (2023)

A system for aerially surveying an area where a plane may have crashed in water and locating pings from the plane's black box using a laser on an aerial platform that produces laser pulses; using a launch telescope to direct the laser pulses to the water producing scattering from the laser pulses and a continuous stream of backscatter; using a receiving telescope to collect the continuous stream of backscatter; using an interferometer operatively connected to the receiving telescope to produce two outputs, wherein one output is the continuous stream of backscatter, and wherein the other output is a delayed replica of the first output; and using a data collection and analysis unit operatively connected to the interferometer to produce a measurement of the sound.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3,4‐BENZO‐2‐THIABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTA‐1,3‐DIENE (1982)

Abstract 2,3‐Dichlor‐benzothiophen (I) reagiert mit Vinylbromid (II) in Gegenwart von Sensibilisatoren und Di‐tert.‐ butylkresol bei der Photolyse zu zwei isomeren Addukten (III), die zum Olefin (IV) dehydrobromiert werden.
Design of an RGBW color VGA rolling and global shutter dynamic and active-pixel vision sensor (2015)

This paper reports the design of a color dynamic and active-pixel vision sensor (C-DAVIS) for robotic vision applications. The C-DAVIS combines monochrome eventgenerating dynamic vision sensor pixels and 5-transistor active pixels sensor (APS) pixels patterned with an RGBW color filter array. The C-DAVIS concurrently outputs rolling or global shutter RGBW coded VGA resolution frames and asynchronous monochrome QVGA resolution temporal contrast events. Hence the C-DAVIS is able to capture spatial details with color and track movements with high temporal resolution while keeping the data output sparse and fast. The C-DAVIS chip is fabricated in TowerJazz 0.18um CMOS image sensor technology. An RGBW 2×2-pixel unit measures 20um × 20um. The chip die measures 8mm × 6.2mm.
Synthesis and direct spectroscopic observation of N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidinyl)nitrene. Comparison of five- and six-membered cyclic 1,1-dialkyldiazenes (1980)

We report the synthesis, infrared and electronic spectra, and the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidyl)nitrene (1). Because the six-membered ring 1,1-diazene 2 has been characterized, these results allow some estimate of the importance of structure on the spectral properties and kinetic behavior of 1,1-dialkyldiazenes. In addition, the first approximate heat of formation of a 1,1-diazene&#13;\nfrom experiment is provided.
Thermal Desorption of Si Clusters from Si and Si-compound Surfaces. (1). Spontaneous Formation of Si Clusters on Si Surface and Dissociation on Ta Surface. (1999)

Using quadrupole mass spectrometry, we observed thermal desorption of Si clusters from Si and Si-deposited Ta surfaces. From Si surfaces, desorption of monomers and clusters up to Sib occurred at 1000-1300°C. From Ta surfaces, on the other hands, only Si monomers desorbed at 1300-1700°C, showing that the large cohesive energy of Si with Ta suppresses the cluster desorption. This indicates that Ta surfaces facilitate elimination of clusters from Si vapor to obtain a purely monoatomic beam. It is also discussed that the desorption rate of each species is thermodynamically governed by the formation energy.
Comparison of Four Serological Methods and Two Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Zika Virus Infection (2018)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is responsible for recent explosive epidemics in the Americas. Notably, ZIKV infection during pregnancy has been found to cause congenital birth defects, including microcephaly, and ZIKV has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Diagnosis and surveillance of Zika in the Americas have been challenging due to similar clinical manifestations and extensive antibody cross-reactivity with endemic flaviviral diseases, such as dengue. We evaluated four serological and two reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) methods in acute-phase (mean day, 1.8), early-convalescent-phase (mean day, 16.7), and late-convalescent-phase (mean, ~7 months) samples from the same individuals in a long-term pediatric cohort study in Nicaragua. Well-characterized samples from 301 cases of Zika, dengue, or non-Zika, nondengue febrile illnesses were tested. Compared to a composite reference, an in-house IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) and the NIAID-Biodefense and Emerging Infections (BEI) MAC-ELISA measuring IgM yielded sensitivities of 94.5% and 70.1% and specificities of 85.6% and 82.8%, respectively. The NS1 blockade-of-binding ELISA measuring anti-ZIKV NS1 antibody levels yielded sensitivities of 85.0% and 96.5% and specificities of 91.4% and 92.6% at early and late convalescence, respectively. An inhibition ELISA detecting total anti-ZIKV antibodies had sensitivity and specificity values of 68.3% and 58.3% for diagnosis and 94.0% and 98.6% for measuring annual infection incidence. Finally, the ZCD and Trioplex real-time RT-PCR assays detecting Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses both yielded a sensitivity of 96.1% and specificity of 100%. Together, these assays resolve the urgent need for diagnostic and surveillance tools for countries affected by Zika virus infections.
Front Matter: Volume 7172 (2009)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7172, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
Protein Folding Triggered by Electron Transfer (1998)

Proteins do not fold by randomly searching a large&#13;\nnumber of nearly degenerate configurations; instead, an&#13;\nensemble of unfolded molecules must traverse a complicated&#13;\nenergy landscape to reach a thermodynamically stable structure. The fastest nuclear motions in proteins,&#13;\nrotations about single bonds, occur on the picosecond&#13;\ntime scale and accompany both secondary- and&#13;\ntertiary-structure-forming processes. Short segments of&#13;\nsecondary structure (e.g., α-helices) can be formed in&#13;\nnanoseconds, whereas the large-scale, collective motions&#13;\nassociated with the development of tertiary structure fall&#13;\nin the microsecond to millisecond range. Misfolded&#13;\nstructures or traps are frequently encountered in folding&#13;\nprocesses; escape from these traps (e.g., proline isomerization) can take seconds or even minutes. Understanding the key events in folding and identifying any partially folded intermediates are major goals of theoretical and experimental work.&#13;\n
Synthetic protein conjugate vaccines provide protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice (2021)

The global incidence of tuberculosis remains unacceptably high, with new preventative strategies needed to reduce the burden of disease. We describe here a method for the generation of synthetic self-adjuvanted protein vaccines and demonstrate application in vaccination against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Two vaccine constructs were designed, consisting of full-length ESAT6 protein fused to the TLR2-targeting adjuvants Pam<sub>2</sub>Cys-SK<sub>4</sub> or Pam<sub>3</sub>Cys-SK<sub>4</sub> These were produced by chemical synthesis using a peptide ligation strategy. The synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccines generated powerful local CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses against ESAT6 and provided significant protection in the lungs from virulent <i>M. tuberculosis</i> aerosol challenge when administered to the pulmonary mucosa of mice. The flexible synthetic platform we describe, which allows incorporation of adjuvants to multiantigenic vaccines, represents a general approach that can be applied to rapidly assess vaccination strategies in preclinical models for a range of diseases, including against novel pandemic pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.
Supplementary Table 3 from Molecular Triage of Premalignant Lesions in Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology and Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Urine, Using a Panel of Methylated Human Papilloma Virus and Host Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Reads of the HPV positive cervical cancer, head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and clinical samples that mapped uniquely to the reference genomes in the PAVE database.&lt;/p&gt;
Pharmakologischer Vergleich von Tiotropium mit anderen antimuskarinischen Substanzen (2010)

Die chronisch obstruktive Bronchitis ist gekennzeichnet durch Bronchokonstriktion und Mukushypersekretion. Ursächlich ist eine Aktivierung der muskarinischen M3 Rezeptoren durch Azetylcholin (ACh) als Folge eines gesteigerten cholinergen Tonus.
Investigation of the Radial Deformability of Individual Carbon Nanotubes under Controlled Indentation Force (2000)

Tapping-mode atomic force microscopy was used to study the radial deformability of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). By imaging the MWCNT under different tapping forces, we were able to demonstrate its remarkable reversible radial deformability (up to approximately 40%) and reveal internal discontinuities along its length. The values of the effective elastic modulus of several sections of the MWCNT in the radial direction were estimated with the Hertz model.
On-Orbit Optical Observations of Electric Propulsion Space Experiment 26-Kilowatt Arcjet (2002)

During the course of eight flight firings of the ESEX 26-kW arcjet in March and April 1999, optical observations from onboard and ground-based sensors were obtained. Images of the thruster plume at 656 nm confirm expectations that the plume luminescence in the space environment is more compact than that from a thruster operated in the laboratory at higher background pressure. Observations using a ground-based telescope reveal blackbody and line emission spectrum over the range 325-675 nm. The spectral features are consistent with ground tests. Line ratios observed in flight show a moderately higher degree of excitation than ground tests, which is consistent both with the higher specific power and the less collisional plume expansion of the flight test compared to ground tests.
NBTI Aging on 32-Bit Adders in the Downscaling Planar FET Technology Nodes (2014)

Reliability of advanced deeply scaled CMOS technologies is being threatened by time-dependent degradation mechanisms such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) phenomenon that cause workload-dependent shifts on a transistor's threshold voltage (VTH), and performance during its lifetime. In this study, NBTI-induced performance degradation of 32-bit adders (one of the most fundamental block of a processor's arithmetic logic unit) is investigated from the points of architectural topology, technology scaling (i.e. commercial 28, 45, 65nm nodes) and workload dependency. The selected adder architectures vary from basic to complex parallel-prefix ones. A workload-dependent, NBTI aging-aware digital design flow was developed within the industry standard EDA tool chain. NBTI model is based on the extracted Capture and Emission Time (CET) maps from the actual wafer measurements. Static Timing Analysis (STA) is performed to evaluate the performance degradation at the +3σ corner. Results on adders under the NBTI aging after 3 years show a performance loss up to 16%. NBTI aging results in the replacement of the time-zero critical path by an initially non-critical path during a circuit's lifetime. The time-zero critical path can shift to a new one with a probability of 89%. Technology scaling and the choice of process technology can impact the degradation by 2×. Finally, the performance degradation can vary up to 8.2× under workload variations.
High-Performance Polyethylene Fibers “Al Dente”: Improved Gel-Spinning of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Using Vegetable Oils (2015)

We demonstrate that the major drawbacks of so-called gel spinning and solid-state processing of “virgin”, i.e. never molten or fully dissolved, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) to produce ultrahigh modulus and ultrahigh strength fibers and films, which are the unfavorably low polymer concentrations in highly flammable solvents typically employed in the former process and low production rates in the latter, can be largely avoided by employing relatively poor—as opposed to good—solvents, including, among others, fatty acids and natural oils omnipresent in, for example, fruits, nuts, and seeds, which have additional major recovery and environmental advantages.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Functional Group Compatibility in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The selective Rho kinase inhibitor trans-6-((4-aminocyclohexyl)amino)-5-fluoro-2-methoxynicotinamide ameliorates experimental pulmonary hypertension (2017)

Studies aiming at elucidating the pathophysiological roles of Rho kinase (ROCK) in experimental pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) mainly relies on a limited number of not very selective pharmacological inhibitors. From a patent we have identified <i>trans-6-((4-aminocyclohexyl)amino)-5-fluoro-2-methoxynicotinamide</i> (Compound 3), a potent ROCK1 (IC<sub>50</sub>=12.5±1.0 nM) and 2 (IC<sub>50</sub>=7.9±0.9 nM) inhibitor with an excellent selectivity profile when counter screened against a large (&gt;400) panel of human kinases. Monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/Kg s.c.) was utilized in male Wistar rats to induce, in 4 weeks, the development of severe PAH. Interventional treatment with Compound 3 (1 and 3 mg/kg s.c., b.i.d.), were started at 14 days after MCT, when the disease is already rapidly progressing. As comparator was utilized macitentan (10 mg/kg, p.o., q.d.), an endothelin receptor antagonist currently in clinical use. Right ventricle pressure (RVP) in MCT rats (57.3±4.9 mm Hg) was attenuated by compound 3 at 1 mg/kg (37.2±2 mm Hg) and 3 mg/kg (35.2±3.5 mm Hg) as well as by macitentan (31.5±2.5 mm Hg). By morphometric analysis of lung tissue stained for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) we found that Compound 3, at both doses, as well as macitentan, significantly counteracted the medial thickening and muscularization of both small and medium distal pulmonary arterioles. Compound 3 is a novel highly selective ROCK inhibitor, that, in experimental PAH, not only ameliorates hemodynamic parameters but also counteracts pulmonary vascular remodeling. This study highlights a therapeutic potential for pharmacological inhibition of ROCK in PAH.
Editorial: Resource Allocation in Cloud-Radio Access Networks and Fog-Radio Access Networks for B5G Systems (2021)

EDITORIAL article Front. Comms. Net., 19 November 2021Sec.Wireless Communications https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2021.793084
RNA-binding and HEPN-nuclease activation are decoupled in CRISPRCas13a (2017)

SUMMARY CRISPR-Cas13a enzymes are RNA-guided, RNA-activated ribonucleases. Their properties have been exploited as powerful tools for RNA detection, RNA imaging and RNA regulation. However, the relationship between target RNA binding and HEPN (higher-eukaryotes-and-prokaryotes nucleotide-binding)- domain nuclease activation is not well understood. Using sequencing experiments coupled with in vitro biochemistry, we find that Cas13a’s target RNA binding affinity and HEPN-nuclease activity are differentially affected by the number of and position of mismatches between the guide and target. We identify a central ‘binding seed’ where perfect base pairing is absolutely required for target binding, and a separate ‘nuclease switch’ where imperfect base-pairing results in tight binding but no HEPN-nuclease activation. These results demonstrate that the binding and cleavage activities of Cas13a are decoupled, highlighting a complex specificity landscape. Our findings underscore a need to consider the range of effects off-target recognition has on Cas13a’s RNA binding and cleavage behavior for RNA-targeting tool development.
EDFA bypass and filtering architecture enabling QKD+WDM coexistence on mid-span amplified links (2006)

An EDFA bypass and filtering architecture is demonstrated , allowing a 1310 nm QKD channel to be transmitted over the same fiber as four 1.5 mum WDM channels which are amplified in mid-span.
RecombinantMycobacterium bovisbacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) expressing mouse IL-18 augments Th1 immunity and macrophage cytotoxicity (2004)

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been demonstrated to synergize with BCG for induction of a T-helper-type 1 (Th1) immune response. Since successful treatment of superficial bladder cancer with BCG requires proper induction of Th1 immunity, we have developed a recombinant (r) BCG strain that functionally secretes mouse (m) IL-18. This rBCG-mIL-18 strain significantly increased production of the major Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma in splenocyte cultures, at levels comparable to that elicited by control BCG plus exogenous rIL-18. IFN-gamma production by splenocytes was eliminated by addition of neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibody. Endogenous IL-12 played a favourable role whereas IL-10 played an adverse role in rBCG-mIL-18-induced IFN-gamma production. Enhanced host antimycobacterial immunity was observed in mice infected with rBCG-mIL-18 which showed less splenic enlargement and reduced bacterial load compared to control mice infected with BCG. Further, splenocytes from rBCG-mIL-18-infected mice, in response to BCG antigen, displayed increased production of IFN-gamma and GMCSF, decreased production of IL-10, elevated cellular proliferation and higher differentiation of IFN-gamma-secreting cells. rBCG-mIL-18 also enhanced BCG-induced macrophage cytotoxicity against bladder cancer MBT-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Neutralizing all endogenous macrophage-derived cytokines tested (IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-alpha) as well as IFN-gamma severely diminished the rBCG-mIL-18-induced macrophage cytolytic activity, indicating a critical role for these cytokines in this process. Cytokine analysis for supernatants of macrophage-BCG mixture cultures manifested higher levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in rBCG-mIL-18 cultures than in control BCG cultures. Taken together, this rBCG-mIL-18 strain augments BCG's immunostimulatory property and may serve as a better agent for bladder cancer immunotherapy and antimycobacterial immunization.