gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examination of viraemia and clinical signs after challenge with a heterologous PRRSV strain in PRRS Type 2 MLV vaccinated pigs: A challenge-dose study (2018)

Vaccination with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) Type 2 modified-live vaccines (MLVs) has been shown to improve clinical signs and survival rates in PRRS virus (PRRSV)-challenged pigs. This study evaluated the dose of PRRSV challenge needed to cause and maintain viraemia in PRRS Type 2 MLV-vaccinated pigs and assessed clinical responses to various doses of virulent challenge. This controlled, randomised, blinded vaccination-challenge study involved 95 pigs who were either vaccinated with 2 mL of a PRRS Type 2 MLV on Day 0 or left unvaccinated. On Day 28, pigs were challenged intranasally with virulent PRRSV isolate (dose range <1.5 to 4 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose/mL). Five pigs were left unchallenged and served as environmental controls. Viraemia levels, pyrexia, average daily weight gain and clinical signs were assessed. At all challenge doses, vaccinated groups had reduced viraemia levels and clinical signs, and higher average daily weight gain compared with non-vaccinated groups. Vaccinated groups challenged with ≤2 log had similar viraemia levels and clinical performance (days pyrexic and average daily weight gain) as the non-challenged group. Vaccinated groups had significantly reduced pyrexic days compared with non-vaccinated groups across all challenge doses (P <.05). Vaccinated pigs challenged with <3 log had significantly improved average daily weight gain (P <.05). In vaccinated groups, challenge dose correlated positively with viraemia levels and number of days pyrexic, and negatively with average daily weight gain. This is the first study to use a challenge-dose model to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination against PRRSV. PRRS Type 2 MLV was shown to mitigate the consequences of PRRSV infection at all evaluated PRRSV challenge doses. Lower levels of challenge had minimal impact on health and performance of vaccinated pigs, supporting the benefit of vaccinating swine with PRRS Type 2 MLV.
LS&amp;T and CMS FY 2004 Feasibility Proposal 04-FS-006 - Ceramic Laser Materials Interim Report - June 8, 2004 (2005)

The purpose of this memo is to give an update on our work on ceramic laser materials--feasibility proposal 04-FS-006. Transparent ceramic materials have several major advantages over single crystals in laser applications including, ease and robustness of manufacturing, large apertures, design flexibility, fracture toughness, high activator concentrations, uniformity of composition, no residual stress, and others discussed in the proposal. After a decade of working on making transparent YAG:Nd in 1995 Japanese workers demonstrated samples for the first time that performed as well in lasers as their single crystal counterparts. Since then several laser materials have been made and evaluated. For these reasons, developing ceramic laser materials is the most exciting and futuristic materials topic in today's major solid-state laser conferences. The highlights and executive summary of our work to date are: (1) Ordered a slab of transparent YAG:Nd from Konoshima Chemical Co. for evaluation in the SSHCL. Konoshima is the only company in the world currently making ceramic laser materials for sale. Our slab, the largest one made to date, will arrive within a week and will be evaluated in the SSHCL. (2) Met with the inventor of the Konoshima laser ceramic, Dr. Takagimi Yanagitani, and discussed synthesis and performance of these materials in an all day session at LLNL on May 17. (3) Made our first LLNL in-house nano-sized yttrium aluminum garnet by the CMS sol-gel process. (4) Successfully sintering several samples of nano-particle YAG to near translucency. In this report we will discuss each of the above items and include where relevant pictures or tables or references. In addition to reporting interim results this memo will serve as a reference and a place to put relevant data from subsequent samples throughout the study.
Corneal Haze as Prognostic Indicator of Intraocular Pressure in Primary Congenital Glaucoma (2016)

Eyes with PCG-related corneal haze generally presented more severely than did those without haze, but postmanagement outcomes may be similar to those in eyes without haze.
Review Using self-assembled monolayers to model the extracellular matrix q (2009)

The extracellular matrix is an insoluble aggregate of large proteins and glycosoaminoglycans that comprises the microenvironment of cells in tissue. The matrix displays a host of ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors to mediate the attachment and spreading of cells and regulate signaling processes. Studies of cell–matrix interactions and downstream signaling processes commonly employ substrates having an adsorbed layer of protein and are challenged by the difficulty in controlling the structure and activity of the immobilized protein. Significant effort has been directed towards the development of model substrates that present adhesion ligands in defined densities, orientations and environments. Among these approaches, self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold offer a high level of control over the molecular structure of the surface and are well-suited to studies of cell adhesion. This review describes the design and use of monolayers for applications in cell biology, including the use of monolayers to evaluate the roles of peptide and protein ligands in cell–matrix interactions, the development of methods to pattern ligands on monolayers and applications to cell biology, the development of dynamic monolayers that can switch the activities of ligands presented to an adherent cell, and the rewiring of interactions between a cell and its substrate. These examples illustrate the flexibility inherent to monolayers for applications in cell biology.
Compact Silicon-On-Insulator Diffractive Sensor Design (2009)

A compact, integrated silicon-on-insulator optical sensor design based on in-plane diffraction gratings for microfluidic detection of analytes is presented and analyzed. Optimization, characterization, and sensitivity analysis are performed. Preliminary experimental and fabrication results are presented.
[Case of early malignant lymphoma scattered over the whole stomach]. (1983)

Early malignant lymphoma is rare and cases with scattering over the whole stomach are extremely rare. Malignant lymphoma is frequently accompanied by R.L.H. or multiple malignant lymphoma. In our case, some lesions were difficult to distinguish from reactive lesions because cellular atypia was of a low grade. As preoperative radiograpic and endoscopic examination had suggested the lesions to be widespread, the surgical stump was carefully inspected to avoid leaving malignant cells. We discuss the surgical treatment of malignant lymphoma of the stomach.
Laser-induced transients in coupled doppler-broadened systems (1976)

A new type of experiment is proposed to study optical nutation and free induction decay in a Doppler-broadened transition, by observing the transmission of a weak probe field resonating at a coupled transition. These techniques open new possibilities for direct detailed observations of relaxation phenomena and effects of velocity dephasing in gases, and provide an experimental method for separately studying the effects of population saturation and Raman-type processes in three level systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiotoposelective PLE‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of cis‐5‐Substituted‐1,3‐diacyloxycyclohexanes. Preparation of Some Useful Chiral Building Blocks. (1990)

Abstract The PLE‐catalyzed hydrolysis of prochiral cis‐diacetoxycyclohexanes such as (I) or (V) proceeds with high enantiotoposelectivity to give the monoalcohols (II) or (VI).
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing 130 kDa Surface Proteins on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Cancer Cell Lines (2013)

To study cell surface proteins expressed on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against undifferentiated hESCs by a decoy immunization strategy in a previous study. Two of the MAbs, 63-B6 and 246-D7, bound to human pluripotent stem cells but not to human primary cells such as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human lung fibroblasts. They did not bind to either mouse embryonic stem cells or mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The two MAbs had similar binding profiles for many various cancer cells, with few exceptions. Expression of antigens recognized by the two MAbs was rapidly decreased during embryoid body formation of hESCs and gradually increased after initial decrease. The MAbs recognized approximately 130 kDa proteins on the surface of hESCs. Cloning and sequence analysis of antibody genes showed that although the MAbs had exactly the same light chain sequences, they had different heavy chain sequences. Taken together, the results suggest that the two MAbs may recognize two different epitopes of the same or different 130 kDa surface proteins involved in regulating the early differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells.
An Asymmetric Synthesis of the Takano Lactone. A Formal Synthesis of 9-(—)-Eburnamine (1990)

The lactone 2 known as a precursor to the alkaloid eburnamine 1 has been prepared via chiral bicyclic lactam 4 in 4 steps in 35% overall yield and > 99% enantiomeric excess.
Reactions of SO2 and NH3 with epoxy groups on the surface of graphite oxide powder (2018)

Graphite oxide powder was obtained using the modified Hummers' method and characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The XPS results indicated that the epoxy groups were the main functional groups on the graphite oxide powder surface. The graphite oxide powder was then reacted with SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> gases, respectively, at 25 °C. The XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses of the surface of the reacted graphite oxide powder showed that the reactions mainly occurred in the epoxy groups. Bisulfate and amine groups were formed on the surface of the graphite oxide powder after the reactions between the graphite oxide powder and SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> gases. This work demonstrates a new method of removing SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> gases using graphite oxide powder.
Discovery of Ascomycin Analogs with Potent Topical but Weak Systemic Activity for Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases (1998)

Abstract: Drug therapy for the major inflammatory skin diseases, which include atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and allergic contact dermatitis, is often inadequate due to poor efficacy, toxicity, or both. Much research has focused on the macrolactam T cell inhibitors as a promising new class of agents for immunotherapy, and medicinal chemistry efforts to design novel ascomycin analogs have produced clinically promising agents. A synthetic program to modify the ascomycin nucleus to alter its physicochemical properties and promote systemic clearance is described. A biologic screening strategy to identify analogs with reduced systemic activity and rapid phannacokinetic elimination led to identification of the clinical candidate, ABT-281. A swine contact hypersensitivity model was used as a stringent indicator of skin penetration as human doses of topical corticosteroids produced inhibition only in the 50% range and ED50 values were 100-fold less potent than in rat. Also, cyclosporine was confirmed to be topically inactive in swine, as seen in human. ABT-281 had topical potency equal to tacrolimus (FKS06) despit_e a severalfold lower potency for inhibiting swine T cells in vitro, consistent-with superior skin penetration. ABT-281 was found to have a shorter duration of action after i.v. dosing in monkeys using an ex vivo whole blood IL-2 production assay. Systemic potency was reduced by 30- fold or more in rat popliteal lymph node hyperplasia and contact hypersensitivity assays. Following i.v. or i.p. administration in the swine contact hypersensitivity model, ABT-281 was 19- and 61-fold less potent, respectively, than FK506. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that ABT-281 had a shorter half life and higher rate of clearance than FKS06 in all three species. The potent topical activity and reduced sytemic exposure of ABT- 281 may thus provide both efficacy and a greater margin of safety for topical therapy of skin diseases.
Arthroscopic Latarjet: 2 or 4 Cortical Buttons for Coracoid Fixation? A Case-Control Comparative Study (2022)

A 4-button fixation technique did not demonstrate any anatomic or clinical advantages when compared with a 2-button fixation technique, while making the procedure more complex and lengthening the operating time by 20 minutes. A 2-button fixation is simple, safe, and sufficient to solidly fix the transferred coracoid bone block. The use of drill guides allows accurate graft placement, while the use of a tensioning device to rigidify the suture button construct provides high rates of bone block healing with both techniques (>90%).
Comparison of reactor concepts for thermochemical storage of solar heat (2009)

n.v.t.
Effect of Multivalency on the Performance of Enantioselective Separation Media for Chiral HPLC Prepared by Linking Multiple Selectors to a Porous Polymer Support via Aliphatic Dendrons (2002)

Chiral stationary phases (CSPs) containing L-proline indananilide chiral selectors attached through a multivalent dendritic linker to monodisperse macroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads have been prepared using two different approaches. The convergent method involves the preparation of ligands in solution and their subsequent attachment to the support. The divergent approach is based on the stepwise "on-bead" formation of the linker using methods that are typical of solid-phase synthesis. While the convergent CSPs feature well-defined ligands, their loading is relatively low. In contrast, the divergent technique affords CSPs with higher loading but with more limited control over precise ligand architecture. Excellent enantioselectivities characterized by separation factors of up to 31 were achieved for the separation of racemic N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-alpha-amino acid alkyl amides with these new CSPs under normal-phase HPLC conditions.
Hydrogenation of Cyclic 1,3-Diones to Their 1,3-Diols Using Heterogeneous Catalysts: Toward a Facile, Robust, Scalable, and Potentially Bio-Based Route (2021)

Cyclopentane-1,3-diol (<b>4b</b>) has gained renewed attention as a potential building block for polymers and fuels because its synthesis from hemicellulose-derived 4-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone (<b>3</b>) was recently disclosed. However, cyclopentane-1,3-dione (<b>4</b>), which is a constitutional isomer of <b>3</b>, possesses a higher chemical stability and can therefore afford higher carbon mass balances and higher yields of <b>4b</b> in the hydrogenation reaction under more concentrated conditions. In this work, the hydrogenation of <b>4</b> into <b>4b</b> over a commercial Ru/C catalyst was systematically investigated on a bench scale through kinetic studies and variation of reaction conditions. Herein, the temperature, H<sub>2</sub>-pressure, and the solvent choice were found to have significant effects on the reaction rate and suppression of undesired dehydration of <b>4</b>. The <i>cis</i>-<i>trans</i> ratio of <b>4b</b> is naturally generated as 7:3 in these reactions. However, at elevated reaction temperatures, <b>4b</b> epimerizes, yielding more <i>trans</i> products. This effect was also studied and rationalized from a thermodynamic perspective using DFT. The combined optimized reaction conditions provided 78% yield for <b>4b</b>, and successful applications to 8-fold scaled up reactions (40 g) and a substrate scope of several 1,3-diones demonstrate the general applicability of this catalytic approach.
Vector control of unsymmetrical two-phase induction machines (2002)

A general model suitable for the vector control of the unsymmetrical two-phase induction machines is presented in the paper. Both the rotor flux oriented and the stator flux oriented control strategies are analysed and their suitability for low and high-speed operation is discussed. In the mathematical model the machine main and auxiliary winding are represented in the stationary reference frame and the effect of core losses and the main flux path saturation are included. A special technique is used to model different levels of saturation on the two axes of magnetisation. The model can be employed for the accurate simulation of both the steady-state and the transient operation of the unsymmetrical two-phase induction machines.
Child language and linguistic theory: in response to Nina Hyams (1984)

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Feasibility of Vitrification as a Storage Method for Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels (2006)

It is well established that, in multicellular systems, conventional cryopreservation results in damaging ice formation, both in the cells and in the surrounding extracellular matrix. As an alternative to conventional cryopreservation, we performed a feasibility study using vitrification (ice-free cryopreservation) to cryopreserve tissue-engineered blood vessels. Fresh, frozen, and vitrified tissue-engineered blood vessels were compared using histological methods, cellular viability, and mechanical properties. Cryosubstitution methods were used to determine the location of ice in conventionally cryopreserved engineered vessels. Ice formation was negligible (0.0 +/- 0.0% of vessel area) in the vitrified specimens, and extensive (68.3 +/- 4.5% of vessel area) in the extracellular matrix of frozen specimens. The metabolic assay and TUNEL staining results indicated that vitrified tissue had similar viability to fresh controls. The contractility results for vitrified samples were >82.7% of fresh controls and, in marked contrast, the results for frozen samples were only 10.7% of fresh controls (p < 0.001). Passive mechanical testing revealed enhanced tissue strength after both freezing and vitrification. Vitrification is a feasible storage method for tissue-engineered blood vessel constructs, and their successful storage brings these constructs one step closer to clinical utility.
LDL cholesterol and uridine levels in blood are potential nutritional biomarkers of AD progression: The NUDAD project (2020)

Abstract Background Suboptimal nutritional status is considered a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Identification of nutritional biomarker levels that are related to clinical progression might provide targets for dietary intervention studies. Therefore, we examined associations between nutritional biomarkers and clinical progression in a prospective study with individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD‐type dementia. Method We included 551 participants: 219 patients with SCD (age 61±8y, F47%), 135 patients with MCI (age 66±8 y, F40%) and 197 patients with AD (age 67±8y, F50%). Mean follow‐up was 2±1 years. Main outcome was time to clinical event operationalized as presence of at least one of the following: 1) in SCD, progression to MCI or dementia; in MCI, progression to dementia; in AD an increase of ≥1 point on clinical dementia rating scale; or 2) admission to a nursing home or deceased; or 3) self‐reported progression of cognitive symptoms. Baseline levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, homocysteine, folate, vitamin A, B12, E, and uridine were measured in blood and those of S‐adenosylmethionine and S‐adenosylhomocysteine in cerebrospinal fluid. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sex, age, diagnosis, BMI and lipid lowering medication were used to assess associations of baseline nutritional biomarker levels with time to clinical progression, in the total cohort and stratified for baseline diagnosis (SCD/MCI/AD). We repeated analyses in the total cohort restricted to amyloid positive patients. Result Clinical progression was observed in 25 (11%) patients with SCD, 45 (33%) with MCI and 100 (51%) with AD. None of the nutritional biomarkers was associated with clinical progression in the total cohort. Higher levels of LDL cholesterol in SCD (HR (95%CI) 1.92 (1.05‐3.52)), and lower uridine levels in AD were associated with clinical progression (HR (95%CI) 0.78 (0.62‐0.99)) (Table 1). In amyloid positive patients, lower uridine levels were associated with clinical progression. Conclusion In this large prospective memory‐clinic study, we found that higher LDL cholesterol and lower uridine levels were associated with clinical progression in SCD and AD dementia respectively. Our findings suggest that nutritional interventions should take into account clinical stage, and target uridine and cholesterol levels.
Generation of supercontinuum light from the infrared to the visible region in a birefringent microstructured optical fiber (2010)

International audience
Suitability of tunable Fabry-Perot spectrometers for condition monitoring purposes of gear oils in offshore wind turbines (2011)

The offshoring of wind turbines is an important factor for increasing the regenerative part of future energy generation. The turbines are getting larger and are often inaccessible for preventive maintenance during long periods of the year. Measuring the oil condition gives important information on gear health and helps to protect machinery from damage. Benefits of such measurement systems are cost savings due to an enhanced service life of the lubricant, increased lead time for maintenance and oil changes that are conducted rather by oil condition than by fixed scheduled intervals. An infrared transmission spectrum of the oil sample provides important information of its condition. Such a measurement is usually performed at a high spectral resolution of 1 cm -1 covering a broad spectral range of 4000 to 500 cm -1 . Continuous online monitoring by FTIR for series-application is expensive and bulky equipment is required. Miniaturized, tunable FabryPerot spectrometers (FPS) have been demonstrated to perform well in gas analysis applications and have the potential for the construction of a cost effective infrared oil sensor. In this paper the suitability of miniaturized, tunable FPSs for condition monitoring of wind turbines is analyzed. Two commercial FPSs LFP-3041L and LFP-3950L from InfraTec are analyzed for their applicability to this measurement problem. A third notional FP spectrometer based on a tandem setup of two tunable etalons is presented and its performance for the detection of oil aging is evaluated. Based on a representative data set of used oils, spectral bandwidth and resolution of the spectra are limited to the properties of the FP based mini spectrometers. The original data set, taken by a FTIR with a resolution of 1 cm -1 covers the spectral range from 4000 to 500 cm -1 , the second dataset covers the range from 3333 to 2439 cm -1 , data set three covers the range from 2564 to 2083 cm -1 corresponding to InfraTec LFP 3041L and LFP-3950L respectively. Data set four covers the range 1818 to 909 cm -1