gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reference Signal Transmission Schemes for Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission for 3GPP LTE-Advanced (2011)

In this study, we investigate reference signal (RS) transmission schemes that aim to efficiently support coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission by providing improved channel estimation accuracy so that transmission parameters can be appropriately chosen on a cellular network. First, we investigate typical scenarios for transmission parameter selection with the widely used CoMP transmission and precoding schemes aligned with those considered for Long Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced systems. Second, we investigate an RS transmission scheme that can provide accurate channel estimation even with severe inter-cell interference. Finally, we verify the performance benefit of the investigated scheme by a multi-cell link level evaluation. The results obtained indicate: 1) the investigated scheme improves block error rate performance compared to conventional schemes for fixed modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) allocation with a better precoding control accuracy on the LTE-Advanced system downlink and 2) the investigated scheme provides a throughput performance gain compared to conventional schemes for adaptive MCS allocation and coordinated beamforming.
Validity and limitations of simple reaction kinetics to calculateconcentrations of organic compounds from ion counts in PTR-MS (2019)

Abstract. In September 2017, we conducted the Proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) Intercomparison campaign at CABauw (PICAB), a rural site in central Netherlands. Nine research groups deployed a total of eleven instruments covering a wide range of instrument types and performance. We applied a new calibration method based on fast injection of a gas standard through a sample loop. This approach allows calibrations on time scales of seconds and within a few minutes an automated sequence can be run allowing to retrieve diagnostic parameters that indicate the performance status. We developed a method to retrieve the mass dependent transmission from the fast calibrations, which is an essential characteristic of PTR-MS instruments, limiting the potential to calculate concentrations based on counting statistics and simple reaction kinetics in the reactor/drift tube. Our measurements show that PTR-MS instruments follow the simple reaction kinetics if operated in the standard range for pressures and temperature of the reaction chamber (i.e. 1–4 mbar, 30–120 ℃, respectively), and a reduced field strength E/N in the range of 100–160 Td. If artefacts can be ruled out, it becomes possible to quantify the signals of uncalibrated organics with accuracies better than ±30 %. The simple reaction kinetics approach produces less accurate results at E/N levels below 100 Td, because significant fractions of primary ions form water hydronium clusters. De-protonation through reactive collisions of protonated organics with water molecules need to be considered when the collision energy is a substantial fraction of the exoergicity of the proton transfer reaction, and/or if protonated organics undergo many collisions with water molecules.
Case Report: Prolonged Survival Following EGFRvIII CAR T Cell Treatment for Recurrent Glioblastoma (2021)

Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeted to epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (CAR T-EGFRvIII) have been developed and administered experimentally to treat patients with IDH1 wildtype recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) (NCT02209376). We report the case of a 59-year-old patient who received a single peripheral infusion of CAR T-EGFRvIII cells and survived 36 months after disease recurrence, exceeding expected survival for recurrent glioblastoma. Post-infusion histopathologic analysis of tissue obtained during a second stage surgical resection revealed immunosuppressive adaptive changes in the tumor tissue as well as reduced EGFRvIII expression. Serial brain imaging demonstrated a significant reduction in relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), a measure strongly associated with tumor proliferative activity, at early time points following CAR T treatment. Notably, CAR T-EGFRvIII cells persisted in her peripheral circulation during 29 months of follow-up, the longest period of CAR T persistence reported in GBM trials to date. These findings in a long-term survivor show that peripherally administered CAR T-EGFRvIII cells can persist for years in the circulation and suggest that this cell therapy approach could be optimized to achieve broader efficacy in recurrent GBM patients.
The Use of Inhibitors to Study Endocytic Pathways of Gene Carriers: Optimization and Pitfalls (2009)

Nonviral gene complexes can enter mammalian cells through different endocytic pathways. For efficient optimization of the gene carrier it is important to profile its cellular uptake, because this largely determines its intracellular processing and subsequent transfection efficiency. Most of the current information on uptake of these gene-delivery vehicles is based on data following the use of chemical inhibitors of endocytic pathways. Here, we have performed a detailed characterization of four commonly used endocytosis inhibitors [chlorpromazine, genistein, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD), and potassium depletion] on cell viability and endocytosis in five well-described cell lines. We found that chlorpromazine and to a lesser extent MbetaCD significantly decreased cell viability of some cell lines even after short incubation periods and at concentrations that are routinely used to inhibit endocytosis. Through analyzing the uptake and subcellular distribution of two fluorescent endocytic probes transferrin and lactosylceramide (LacCer) that are reported to enter cells via clathrin-dependent (CDE) and clathrin-independent (CIE) mechanisms, respectively, we showed poor specificity of these agents for inhibiting distinct endocytic pathways. Finally, we demonstrate that any inhibitory effects are highly cell line dependent. Overall, the data question the significance of performing endocytosis studies with these agents in the absence of very stringent controls.
Temperature-switchable Polymer for Enhanced Oil Recovery (2017)

Summary A new copolymer based on hydrophobically modified Polyacrylamide was characterized by its rheological behavior. Viscosities were measured at various temperatures and salinities in comparison to a regular acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer (HPAM). It is proven that the viscosity of this new associative polymers increases with temperature, while the viscosity of HPAM is decreasing. This effect was further explored in porous media studies. Polymer solution was injected into a Bentheimer sandstone with a permeability of around 2 Darcy at 20°C and the pressure drop was measured along the core. From the pressure drop the resistance factor, RF, was derived, which is a measure of the in-situ viscosity in the porous medium. Next, the temperature was increased to 45°C. This resulted in an increase of the RF from 15 to 94. At 60°C a RF of even 152 was observed. By reducing the flow rate from 0.5 ml/min to 0.1 ml/min the RF could be further increased to 562. Finally the flow rate and the temperature were set to the initial values and a RF of 21 was measured, which shows that the thermothickening behavior of the novel polymer is reversible. Monitoring the effluent viscosity indicated that the increase of the RF / in-situ viscosity is due to polymer being retained in the porous media. This retained polymer lowers the permeability of the rock pores and thereby increases RF. By lowering the temperature the properties are switched back to the original state and the polymer is released from the rock matrix. The thermothickening behavior of the discussed copolymer can be quite beneficial for polymer flooding applications. During injection at surface temperature the viscosity of the fluid is low and therefore it can be injected at high rates. Once the polymer solution migrates deeper into the reservoir formation, the temperature of the fluid will rise gradually; in-situ viscosity will increase and simultaneously the flow rate will decrease. Both effects will help to improve sweep efficiency. In general, the magnitude of the RF can be adjusted by modifying the polymer structure and hence the copolymer can be optimized for specific field conditions.
Checking the parameters of AFS in spacecraft in flight (1974)

The use of elements for remote testing of matching of on-board spacecraft antennas, required by the need to receive timely telemetry information on the quality of operation of antenna-feeder systems (AFS) during long flights, is discussed. Information on the traveling wave ratio deficiency to the AFS allowed improvement of quality and reliability of communications with spacecraft and developed telemetric information on the matching of on-board antennas, the efficiency of the feeder system and power of transmitters during long flights.
Prototype evaluation of over 10W/cm<sup>3</sup> high power density converter for 400V-DC power distribution system in data center (2013)

This paper presents the high power density and high efficiency DC-DC converter for 400V-DC power distribution system. The full-bridge converter is used for typical topology. However, there are some problems such as surge voltage occurrence. Here, the miniaturization of isolated DC-DC converter using the LLC resonant converter which can achieve soft-switching operation without auxiliary circuit is considered. The prototype test circuit is evaluated by experimentally. As a result, the high power density of 12.5W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and high efficiency of over 95% is achieved.
Encode, Review, and Decode: Reviewer Module for Caption Generation. (2016)

We propose a novel module, the reviewer module, to improve the encoder-decoder learning framework. The reviewer module is generic, and can be plugged into an existing encoder-decoder model. The reviewer module performs a number of review steps with attention mechanism on the encoder hidden states, and outputs a fact vector after each review step; the fact vectors are used as the input of the attention mechanism in the decoder. We show that the conventional encoder-decoders are a special case of our framework. Empirically, we show that our framework can improve over state-of-the-art encoder-decoder systems on the tasks of image captioning and source code captioning.
Tracking performance prediction and evaluation: the modified Riccati equation (2005)

In this paper, some recent results on the modified Riccati equation are studied. This modified Riccati equation has already been associated with tracking a target under measurement uncertainty. We consider the special case of tracking a target without clutter, but with a probability of detection of less than one. This special case has received quite some attention recently, especially in relationship with Cramer Rao bounds, or equivalently expected performance. Furthermore, in some other recent works, new theoretical results on the modified Riccati equation have been derived. We will compare these results and point out their importance for performance assessment and prediction in a target tracking context.
Personalization is a Two-Way Street (2017)

Recommender systems are first and foremost about matching users with items the systems believe will delight them. The "main street" of personalization is thus about modeling users and items, and matching per user the items predicted to best satisfy the user. This holds for both collaborative filtering and content-based methods. In content discovery engines, difficulties arise from the fact that the content users natively consume on publisher sites does not necessarily match the sponsored content that drives the monetization and sustains those engines. The first part of this talk addresses this gap by sharing lessons learned and by discussing how the gap may be bridged at scale with proper techniques.
Topology-Controlled Volume Rendering (2007)

Topology provides a foundation for the development of mathematically sound tools for processing and exploration of scalar fields. Existing topology-based methods can be used to identify interesting features in volumetric data sets, to find seed sets for accelerated isosurface extraction, or to treat individual connected components as distinct entities for isosurfacing or interval volume rendering. We describe a framework for direct volume rendering based on segmenting a volume into regions of equivalent contour topology and applying separate transfer functions to each region. Each region corresponds to a branch of a hierarchical contour tree decomposition, and a separate transfer function can be defined for it. The novel contributions of our work are 1) a volume rendering framework and interface where a unique transfer function can be assigned to each subvolume corresponding to a branch of the contour tree, 2) a runtime method for adjusting data values to reflect contour tree simplifications, 3) an efficient way of mapping a spatial location into the contour tree to determine the applicable transfer function, and 4) an algorithm for hardware-accelerated direct volume rendering that visualizes the contour tree-based segmentation at interactive frame rates using graphics processing units (GPUs) that support loops and conditional branches in fragment programs.
Effect of elevated Ca2+ concentration in fusion/activation medium on the fusion and development of porcine fetal fibroblast nuclear transfer embryos (2002)

The present study examined the effect of elevated Ca(2+) concentration in fusion/activation medium on the fusion and development of fetal fibroblast nuclear transfer (NT) porcine embryos. Frozen-thawed and serum starved fetal fibroblasts were transferred into the perivitelline space of enucleated oocytes. Cell fusion and activation were induced simultaneously with electric pulses in 0.3 M mannitol-based medium containing 0.1 or 1.0 mM CaCl(2). Some fused embryos were further activated 1 hr after the fusion treatment by exposure to an electric pulse. The NT embryos were cultured in vitro for 6 days. Fusion and blastocyst formation rates were significantly (P<0.05) increased by increasing the Ca(2+) concentration from 0.1 mM (67.1 and 6.3%) to 1.0 mM (84.7 and 15.8%). However, no difference in the number of cells in blastocysts was observed between the two groups. A higher percentage of blastocyst was also observed when control oocytes were parthenogenetically activated in the presence of elevated Ca(2+) (19.3% vs. 32.4%, P<0.05). When the reconstituted oocytes were fused in the medium containing 1.0 mM CaCl(2), increasing the number of pulses from 2 to 3 or an additional activation treatment did not enhance the blastocyst formation rate or cell number in blastocysts. These results demonstrate that increasing the Ca(2+) concentration in the fusion/activation medium can enhance the fusion and blastocyst formation rates of fetal fibroblast NT porcine embryos without an additional activation treatment.
Object versioning in Ode (2002)

In designing the versioning facility in Ode, a few but semantically sound and powerful concepts are introduced that allow implementation of a wide variety of paradigms. Some of the salient features of these versioning facilities are the following: (1) object versioning is orthogonal to type; (2) reference to an object can be bound statically to a specific version of the object or dynamically to whatever is its latest version; and (3) both temporal as well as derived-from relationships between versions of an object are maintained automatically. These facilities have been incorporated seamlessly into Ode's database programming language, O++. The new language constructs are powerful enough to make O++ a suitable platform for implementing a variety of versioning paradigms and application-specific systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of methyl substitution on mutagenicity of 2-amino-dipyrido [1,2-a:3′,2′-d] imidazole, Glu-P-2 (1980)

The mutagenicities of 2-aminodipyrido [1,2-a:3',2'-d] imidazole (Glu-P-2, a mutagen obtained from pyrolysate of glutamic acid) and six methyl substituted derivatives of Glu-P-2 were tested with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with S-9 mix. Glu-P-1 (6-Me-Glu-P-2) was the strongest mutagen to TA98 and TA100. 3-Me-Glu-P-2 was weakest. The presence of a methyl group, and its position were shown to affect the mutagenicity significantly.
Supplementary Tables 1-16, Figures 1-15 from Imaging Androgen Receptor Signaling with a Radiotracer Targeting Free Prostate-Specific Antigen (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.7MB&lt;/p&gt;
Scatter Calculations and Diffraction Theory (2009)

This chapter outlines the important elements of diffraction theory and gives several key results that pertain to the interpretation of measured scatter data. These results are employed in Chapters 4 and 7 to relate measured scatter from reflective surfaces to the corresponding surface roughness and to consider various methods of scatter prediction. In Chapter 8, the diffraction theory results presented here are combined with the polarization concepts found in Chapter 5 and used to outline a technique for separating surface scatter from that due to subsurface defects and contamination. A complete development of diffraction theory is well beyond the scope of this book; however, excellent texts on the subject are available, and these will be referenced in the review presented in the next four sections. The following discussions assume that the reader has some familiarity with electromagnetic field theory and the required complex math notation. Appendix A is a brief review of the elements of field theory and Appendix B gives details of some diffraction calculations. 3.1 Overview When light from a point source passes through an aperture or past an edge, it expands slightly into the shadowed region. The result is that the shadow borders appear fuzzy instead of well defined. The effect is different from the one obtained by illuminating an object with an extended light source (such as the shadow of your head on this book) where the width of the reading lamp also contributes to an indistinct shadow. Well-collimated light sources (sunlight for example) also produce fuzzy shadow edges. This bending effect, which illustrates the failure of light to travel in exactly straight lines, is called diffraction and is analyzed through the wave description of light. As explained in Appendix A, the propagation of light is described in terms of the transverse electric field E(t,r), where r denotes position and t is time. The value k is 2Ï/Î», and Î½ is the light frequency. The expression in Eq. (3.1) is for a wave traveling in the direction of increasing r.
The Interplay of Law, Robots and Society,in an Artificial Intelligence Era (2017)

The rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics will have a profound impacton the society and its laws. Robots, humanoid / anthropomorphic or not, e.g., selfdrivingcars, will have physical presence, take autonomous decisions and interact with allstakeholders in the society. While already some AI robots are available, e.g., self-driving cars,their intelligence is expected to skyrocket in the next decades, and many prominent scientistspredict that they will reach (and potentially surpass) human intelligence. The symbiosiswith robots, may lead to a civilizational change with far reaching effects. In a future society,where robots and humans are in a symbiotic relationship, philosophical, legal and societalquestions on consciousness, citizenship, rights and legal entity of robots are raised such as:Should robots be recognized as a legal entity? How should criminal and civil law deal withtheir decisions? What are the societal implications? etc. This work, starts from the theoreticalviewpoints pertaining law and society, is inspired by intersectional approaches, andutilizes existing literature in order to analyze the interplay of law, robots and society via differentangles such as law, social, economic, gender and ethical perspectives. In addition,a discussion, especially pertaining core elements of law and society provides new insightsand challenges that may emerge. The analysis and discussions presented here make it evidentthat although robots are inexorably integrated, the law systems as well as society arenot prepared for their prevalence. What is clear is that robots and AI will create a new erafor humanity. What that era might be, is still under discussion and not well understood. AsStephenHawking put it “The rise of powerful AI will be either the best or the worst thing everto happen to humanity. We do not yet know which”. Overall one has to consider that law ismeant to be proactive in nature and ideally be in place to prevent problems before they happen,and therefore it is now the time to start a detailed discussion, involving all stakeholders,and derive the necessary policies and frameworks, for the key issues that pertain law, robotsand society. This work makes a contribution towards the multi-faceted aspects that such adiscussion pertains.
Supplementary Table S11 from Human Papillomavirus 42 Drives Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma and Elicits a Germ Cell–like Program Conserved in HPV-Positive Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DEG HPV+ vs. HPV- CESC/HNSCC.&lt;/p&gt;
Microgrid Generation Capacity Design With Renewables and Energy Storage Addressing Power Quality and Surety (2012)

Microgrids are receiving attention due to the increasing need to integrate distributed generations and to insure power quality and to provide energy surety to critical loads. Since renewables need to be in the mix for energy surety, a high renewable-energy penetrated microgrid is analyzed in this paper. The standard IEEE 34 bus distribution feeder is adapted and managed as a microgrid by adding distributed generation and load profiles. The 25 kV system parameters are scaled down to 12 kV and renewable sources including solar PV and wind turbines, an energy storage system, and a diesel generator for islanded mode have been added to the 34-bus system. The distribution generations (DG) and renewables are modeled in detail using PSCAD software and practical constraints of the components are considered. The monitoring of the microgrid for measuring power quality and control requirements for these DGs and storage are modeled to maintain the power quality of the system when loads are varied. Renewable sources are modeled with seasonal variation at different locations. The microgrid is monitored at number of buses and the power quality issues are measured and indexes are calculated. This paper proposes a generalized approach to design (determine the capacity requirements) and demonstrates the management of microgrids with metrics to meet the power quality indexes.