gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated circuits for a bidirectional implantable pulsed Doppler ultrasonic blood flowmeter (1978)

The application of integrated circuits in medical implants and the complexity of these implants have increased at a rapid pace in the past few years. The need, however, still exists for a highly accurate and stable telemetry system for the measurement of blood flow. Two custom-designed ICs have been realized to resolve this problem. These ICs form the heart of a totally implantable pulsed Doppler ultrasonic bidirectional blood flowmeter; one circuit performs the basic timing functions, and the second implements low-level linear signal processing. For a small implanted package (3.8/spl times/2.8/spl times/0.8 cm/SUP 3/), these ICs must meet the stringent requirements of low-voltage operation (2.2-2.8 V), low power (<40 mW), high stability (short-term timing jitter <50 ppm), and the minimum of external components. Using a quadrature direction detecting technique, the circuits sense both positive and negative flow and produce a multiplexed telemetry signal. The approach used minimizes parts count and power drain and maximizes channel-to-channel matching in the multiplexed signal.
Electronic transport in films of colloidal CdSe nanocrystals (2002)

We present results for electronic transport measurements on large three-dimensional arrays of CdSe nanocrystals. In response to a step in the applied voltage, we observe a power-law decay of the current over five orders of magnitude in time. Furthermore, we observe no steady-state dark current for fields up to ${10}^{6} \mathrm{V}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}$ and times as long as $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4} \mathrm{s}.$ Although the power-law form of the decay is quite general, there are quantitative variations with temperature, applied field, sample history, and the material parameters of the array. Despite evidence that the charge injected into the film during the measurement causes the decay of current, we find field scaling of the current at all times. The observation of extremely long-lived current transients suggests the importance of long-range Coulomb interactions between charges on different nanocrystals.
Dataset augmentation for accurate object detection (2018)

Hand detection has many important applications in human-computer interaction. But hand detection is a difficult problem because hand image can vary greatly in images. Vision based hand interfaces require fast and extremely robust hand detection. Large data sets are needed in the process of creating classifiers to detect. This study proposes an alternative method for creating positive images that the classifier needs. This method, which is to be presented, is aimed at obtaining a large number of positive images autonomously from a certain number of hand images, instead of annotating positive images under human supervision. Therefore, less time have been spent and a wider set of data has been achieved.
Implementation of Materials Science in the High School Classroom (2016)

High school science teachers often express two key challenges: teaching science in a way that encourages students to pursue careers in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields and equipping graduates with literacy in math
Active Magnetizing Current Splitting ZVS Modulation of a 7 kV/400 V DC Transformer (2019)

The LLC series resonant converter (SRC) is one of the most popular galvanically isolated dc–dc converters since it provides zero voltage switching (ZVS), reduces rms currents, and tightly couples the input and output voltages, when it is operated at (or below) the resonance frequency, and, therefore, acts as a dc transformer (DCX) without requiring closed-loop voltage control. Hence, this topology is of particular importance for the dc–dc converter stage of high power medium voltage to low voltage solid-state transformers (SSTs). This paper first highlights the limitations of passive and synchronous rectification (e.g., oscillations, current distortion, load-dependent voltage transfer ratio) for bridges employing semiconductors with large output capacitances. Afterward, a magnetizing current splitting ZVS (MCS-ZVS) modulation scheme, which allows an active sharing of the magnetizing current between the primary side and secondary side metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor ( <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mosfet</small> )-based bridges, is analyzed. It is shown that the ZVS mechanism is acting equivalent to a controller, allowing for a robust open-loop operation of the converter. The proposed modulation scheme features a load-independent voltage transfer ratio, load-independent ZVS for both bridges, and quasi-sinusoidal currents. Finally, the phase shift modulation scheme is experimentally verified for the SiC <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mosfet</small> -based dc–dc converter of a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{25}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> kW ac–dc SST, which operates at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{48}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> kHz between a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{7}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> kV and a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{400}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> V dc bus with an efficiency of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{99.0}}{\%}$</tex-math></inline-formula> .
Additive Effect of Rh on the Catalytic Activity of Ag/Al2O3 for the Selective Reduction of NO. (2002)

The additive effect of noble metals (Rh, Ir, Ru, and Pd) on the catalytic activity of Ag/Al2O3 for the selective reduction of NO with n-decane in the presence of O2, H2O and SO2 was investigated. Although NO reduction activity of Ag/Al2O3 was decreased by coexisting SO2 at temperatures below 450°C, the addition of Rh improved the activity at 300-400°C. Optimum Rh loading was 0.05-0.1wt% and the effect was remarkably observed at low concentration of coexisting SO2.
Response of the avian kidney to acute changes in arterial perfusion pressure and portal blood supply (1993)

Domestic fowl kidneys autoregulate total renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over a wide range of renal arterial perfusion pressure (RAPP). Sustained (approximately 2-4 h) restriction of renal portal blood flow attenuates the autoregulatory responses. The present study was designed to assess the effects of acute (approximately 10 min) alterations of renal portal blood flow on renal function, and to dissociate the renal responses to altered renal portal blood flow from the renal responses to reductions in RAPP. The thermal pulse decay (TPD) technique and p-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH) were used to measure blood flow. During acute increases and decreases in renal portal blood flow, regional renal blood flow as measured by the TPD system (RBFTPD) was significantly positively correlated with total kidney blood flow represented by CPAH (RBFPAH). These results indicate that changes in total kidney blood flow induced by alteration of portal perfusion were reflected in the regional measurement of renal blood flow. Changes in renal portal blood flow did not affect the urine flow rate (UFR), GFR, or fractional excretion of sodium (FENa). Reducing RAPP from 120 to 50 mmHg significantly reduced UFR, GFR, and FENa. Overall, these results indicate that large acute changes in renal portal blood flow can significantly alter total renal blood flow without significantly affecting parameters (UFR, GFR, and FENa) primarily influenced by the renal arterial vasculature.
Schottky Barrier Height Quantification of Plasma Treated P(VDF-TRFE) Thin Films (2018)

Angle-resolved XPS and ToF-SIMS are employed to determine the impact of O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> plasma treatment on P(VDF-TrFE) surface chemistry. Results indicate that chemical modification by plasma increases the percentage of F and O at the film surface, with the grafted species remaining within the first 5-10 nm of the film. Analysis of current-voltage I(V) data reveals that high field conduction is an interfacially dominated phenomenon in the modified P(VDF-TrFE) thin films. A parametric study of Schottky emission theory indicates that conduction is dominated by change in Schottky barrier height relative to change in both material permittivity and Richardson constant. Schottky barrier height quantification estimates a lowering of the barrier height by 0.041eV due to plasma treatment, further supporting that conduction is surface dominated in thin P(VDF -TrFE) films, and that conduction can be significantly influenced via surface chemical modification.
Wheelie detection for single-track vehicles (2013)

Single-track vehicles electronic control systems have been experiencing an important growth in the last years. Despite some similarities with four-wheeled vehicles the dynamics of two-wheeled vehicles have some unique features that require ad hoc solutions. One of those is the lift of the front wheel from the ground during severe accelerations, usually known as wheelie. This phenomenon is particularly important since, if not controlled, can lead to vehicle instabilities. Moreover, it has a significant impact on the vehicle longitudinal speed estimation, essential for the development of wheel slip-based traction control systems, so widely spreading. In this paper the problem of detecting a wheelie occurrence is discussed. Two algorithms, that employ only standard vehicle equipment sensors, are presented. Their parameter tuning procedure is described and experimental data are used to show their effectiveness, as well as for a performances comparison.
A General Synthesis of Substituted Formylpyrroles from Ketones and 4‐Formyloxazole. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stavudine Resistance: An Update on Susceptibility following Prolonged Therapy (1999)

The current report summarizes the available published and unpublished data from several investigators on resistance in clinical isolates following prolonged stavudine therapy. Results suggest that stavudine resistance is both modest in degree and infrequent in appearance. Phenotypic evaluation of 61 patients on stavudine therapy showed only modest changes in drug sensitivity following up to 29 months of treatment. The post-treatment isolates from 15 patients exhibited an increase in EC50 value > fourfold (level above variability of assay) when compared with the corresponding pretreatment isolates. However, the vast majority (11) of these pretreatment isolates either had unexpectedly low EC50 levels and/or had post-treatment isolates that lacked any amino acid changes within their reverse transcriptase (RT) gene to account for the observed change in sensitivity. Of the four remaining isolates, two appeared to have a multi-resistant phenotype to several nucleoside analogues and two had no detectable RT amino acid changes to account for the observed change in stavudine sensitivity. To date, clinical HIV-1 isolates displaying stavudine-specific resistance have yet to be reported. Furthermore, full or partial RT sequence analysis of 194 post-treatment isolates failed to identify any consistent amino acid changes. The strain-specific V75T mutation reported to confer stavudine resistance to the HXB2 HIV-1 strain in vitro, was found in only six isolates and did not correlate with stavudine resistance. This low incidence of stavudine resistance is in striking contrast to that observed with other nucleoside analogues and further supports the use of stavudine in first-line combination therapy for HIV patients.
Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Supported Ionic Liquid Phases as Multifunctional Catalysts for the Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Aromatic Substrates (2018)

Abstract Bimetallic iron–ruthenium nanoparticles embedded in an acidic supported ionic liquid phase (FeRu@SILP+IL‐SO 3 H) act as multifunctional catalysts for the selective hydrodeoxygenation of carbonyl groups in aromatic substrates. The catalyst material is assembled systematically from molecular components to combine the acid and metal sites that allow hydrogenolysis of the C=O bonds without hydrogenation of the aromatic ring. The resulting materials possess high activity and stability for the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of C=O groups to CH 2 units in a variety of substituted aromatic ketones and, hence, provide an effective and benign alternative to traditional Clemmensen and Wolff–Kishner reductions, which require stoichiometric reagents. The molecular design of the FeRu@SILP+IL‐SO 3 H materials opens a general approach to multifunctional catalytic systems (MM′@SILP+IL‐func).
A scaffold-free approach to cartilage tissue generation using human embryonic stem cells (2021)

Articular cartilage functions as a shock absorber and facilitates the free movement of joints. Currently, there are no therapeutic drugs that promote the healing of damaged articular cartilage. Limitations associated with the two clinically relevant cell populations, human articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells, necessitate finding an alternative cell source for cartilage repair. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a readily accessible population of self-renewing, pluripotent cells with perceived immunoprivileged properties for cartilage generation. We have developed a robust method to generate 3D, scaffold-free, hyaline cartilage tissue constructs from hESCs that are composed of numerous chondrocytes in lacunae, embedded in an extracellular matrix containing Type II collagen, sulphated glycosaminoglycans and Aggrecan. The elastic (Young's) modulus of the hESC-derived cartilage tissue constructs (0.91 ± 0.08 MPa) was comparable to full-thickness human articular cartilage (0.87 ± 0.09 MPa). Moreover, we have successfully scaled up the size of the scaffold-free, 3D hESC-derived cartilage tissue constructs to between 4.5 mm and 6 mm, thus enhancing their suitability for clinical application.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Additions of Aldehydes to Enones with Imidazolidinones:  Cocatalyst Effects and Evidence for an Enamine Intermediate (2005)

An enantioselective intermolecular Michael addition of aldehydes to enones catalyzed by imidazolidinones has been achieved. Chemoselectivity (Michael addition vs aldol) can be controlled through judicious choice of hydrogen-bond-donating cocatalysts. The optimal imidazolidinone/hydrogen-bond-donor pair affords Michael addition products in excess of 90% ee. Furthermore, we have isolated and characterized an enamine intermediate and demonstrated its efficacy as a nucleophile in the observed Michael addition reactions.
Стохастическая модель гистерезисного преобразователя с доменной структурой (2021)

Работа посвящена обобщению одной из самых «популярных» конструктивных моделей гистерезиса - преобразователя Прейзаха (континуальная система неидеальных реле, соединенных параллельно). Во многих прикладных задачах, связанных с моделированием гистерезисных эффектов, где априори предполагается доменная структура носителей гистерезисных свойств (многократное перемагничивание ферромагнитных составляющих электромагнитных систем, поляризация сегнетоэлектрика в зависимости от напряженности электрического поля, зависимость занятости от цены на монотоварных рынках и др.), приходится сталкиваться с необходимостью учитывать неопределенности в реакциях отдельных доменов на внешнее воздействие. В настоящей работе предложен инструментальный метод, позволяющий учитывать такие неопределенности посредством стохастических моделей элементарных носителей гистерезисных свойств. Рассмотрены основные свойства дискретной и континуальной систем реле, параметры которых трактуются как случайные величины, при этом выход системы реле представляется как случайный процесс. Исследована корректность определения, в частности, установлена независимость выхода (случайного процесса) от способа дискретизации в рамках предельного перехода от конечной к континуальной системе неидеальных реле, а также установлена управляемость и монотонность (в рамках соответствующего определения) стохастического аналога преобразователя Прейзаха.
På tværs 7-9 Xplore: Elevhæfte (2016)

Opgavehæfte til elevbogen På tværs
Application of Multi-objective Optimization to Exhaust Silencer Design (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes how use of multi-objective optimization of pulsating noise and backpressure improved an exhaust silencer for diesel drive equipment. Low frequency pulsating noise and backpressure were simultaneously predicted using one-dimensional fluid dynamics and acoustic analysis by BEM. In addition, an experiment was done to investigate the relation between high frequency noise including flow-induced noise and the dimensions of perforations in silencer pipes. Finally, a prototype of the exhaust silencer was built and examined in order to confirm the effects of these design methods mentioned. As predicted, exhaust noise was reduced without increasing backpressure.&lt;/div&gt;
Adsorption of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Functionalized Graphene Measured by Conductometric Titration (2013)

We report on the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) in an aqueous system, measured at broad SDS and FGS concentration ranges by conductometric surfactant titration. At dilute SDS concentrations (<12 μM in bulk solution), there is evidence of a counterion exchange between hydronium ions (from the dissociation of acidic chemical functionalities on FGS) and sodium ions coadsorbing with dodecyl sulfate monomers onto FGSs. We find that, for FGS with a carbon-to-oxygen ratio of ~18, monolayer adsorption of SDS on FGS reaches full surface coverage by ~12 μM SDS. Additionally, the critical surface aggregation concentration (csac) for surface micelle formation on FGS is measured to be ~1.5 mM SDS. The transition from monolayer adsorption to surface micelle formation appears to occur at a similar SDS concentration on FGSs as on graphite, suggesting there is little difference in the surfactant adsorption behavior on both materials. We estimate that the FGS surface area available for SDS adsorption is ~600 m(2)/g, which is significantly less than expected for FGSs in suspension and indicates the presence of regions on FGS on which SDS adsorption does not occur.
Techniques for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of noncemented hip arthroplasty (1991)

A technique is standardized from which the funnel shape of the intramedullary canal and quality of cortical bone of the proximal femur can be measured on prcopenuive radiographs. The same points of measurement are used to calculate the percentage fill of noncemented femoral components. A cadaveric study was undertaken to test the validity of this radiographic technique Bone stock was qualitatively assessed from 100 radiographs as type A, B, or C and quantitatively by calculating the cortical index, which is the determination of the relative thickness of cortical bone. Type A bone had an average calcar-to-canal isthmus (CC) ratio of .56 with a cortical index of .59 on the anteroposterior (AP) and .53 on the lateral radiographs. Type B bone had an average CC ratio of .39 with a cortical index of .51 on the AP and .4-1 on the lateral radiographs. Type C bone had a CC ratio of .65 with a cortical index of A1 on the AP and .29 on the lateral radiographs. The lateral radiograph may yield information critical to the clinician in preopcrative planning. The stem-bone ratio statistically correlated with bone type and was .-13 on the AP and AI on the lateral for type A bone, .-19 on the AP and A4 on the lateral for type B bone, and .53 on the AP and AS on the lateral radiographs for type C bone. By using a simple standardized technique, the surgeon will be able to predict the outcome of noncemented femoral components and provide a common ground for comparing the results of noncemented hip arthroplasties.
N-(Diphenylphosphinoyl)hydroxylamine (2006)

The title compound, C12H12NO2P, is the first structurally studied phospho­rus hydroxy­lamine derivative. The N atom is pyramidal. In the crystal structure, hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into double ribbons.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Phenylboronic Acid with Low pKa Using Bis(heptafluorobutyryl)peroxide as Perfluoroalkylation Reagent. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
I-MR Control Chart: A Tool for Judging the Health of the Current Manufacturing Process of an API and for Setting the Trial Control Limits in Phase I of the Process Improvement (2013)

It has been observed that the main focus during the process development and manufacturing of an API is to meet the customer’s specifications (LSL and USL) rather than estimating and improving the natural control limits (LCL and UCL) of the process. It results in the overlap of the natural control limit and customer’s specification, which in turn increases the chance of failure with respect to the customer’s specifications. A better approach is to work on decreasing the variability of the process so that natural control limits become much tighter than customer’s specification. The statistical control charts not only help in estimating these internal/natural control limits but also raises an alert when the process goes out of control. These alerts trigger the investigation through root cause analysis leading to the process improvements which in turn lead to the decrease in variability of the process. This process continues till inherent variability of the process is due to common causes only and cannot be attributed to assignable causes. At this point, the natural control limits of the process can be taken as internal specification for an output quality parameter.