gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanocellulose-Based Passivated-Carbon Quantum Dots (P-CQDs) for Antimicrobial Applications: A Practical Review (2023)

Passivated-carbon quantum dots (P-CQDs) have been attracting great interest as an antimicrobial therapy tool due to their bright fluorescence, lack of toxicity, eco-friendly nature, simple synthetic schemes, and possession of photocatalytic functions comparable to those present in traditional nanometric semiconductors. Besides synthetic precursors, CQDs can be synthesized from a plethora of natural resources including microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). Converting MCC into NCC is performed chemically via the top-down route, while synthesizing CODs from NCC can be performed via the bottom-up route. Due to the good surface charge status with the NCC precursor, we focused in this review on synthesizing CQDs from nanocelluloses (MCC and NCC) since they could become a potential source for fabricating carbon quantum dots that are affected by pyrolysis temperature. There are several P-CQDs synthesized with a wide spectrum of featured properties, namely functionalized carbon quantum dots (F-CQDs) and passivated carbon quantum dots (P-CQDs). There are two different important P-CQDs, namely 2,2'-ethylenedioxy-bis-ethylamine (EDA-CQDs) and 3-ethoxypropylamine (EPA-CQDs), that have achieved desirable results in the antiviral therapy field. Since NoV is the most common dangerous cause of nonbacterial, acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, this review deals with NoV in detail. The surficial charge status (SCS) of the P-CQDs plays an important role in their interactions with NoVs. The EDA-CQDs were found to be more effective than EPA-CQDs in inhibiting the NoV binding. This difference may be attributed to their SCS as well as the virus surface. EDA-CQDs with surficial terminal amino (-NH<sub>2</sub>) groups are positively charged at physiological pH (-NH<sup>3+</sup>), whereas EPA-CQDs with surficial terminal methyl groups (-CH<sub>3</sub>) are not charged. Since the NoV particles are negatively charged, they are attracted to the positively charged EDA-CQDs, resulting in enhancing the P-CQDs concentration around the virus particles. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were found to be comparable to the P-CQDs in the non-specific binding with NoV capsid proteins, through complementary charges, π-π stacking, and/or hydrophobic interactions.
Acidic pH increases airway surface liquid viscosity in cystic fibrosis (2016)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) disrupts respiratory host defenses, allowing bacterial infection, inflammation, and mucus accumulation to progressively destroy the lungs. Our previous studies revealed that mucus with abnormal behavior impaired mucociliary transport in newborn CF piglets prior to the onset of secondary manifestations. To further investigate mucus abnormalities, here we studied airway surface liquid (ASL) collected from newborn piglets and ASL on cultured airway epithelia. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed that the viscosity of CF ASL was increased relative to that of non-CF ASL. CF ASL had a reduced pH, which was necessary and sufficient for genotype-dependent viscosity differences. The increased viscosity of CF ASL was not explained by pH-independent changes in HCO3- concentration, altered glycosylation, additional pH-induced disulfide bond formation, increased percentage of nonvolatile material, or increased sulfation. Treating acidic ASL with hypertonic saline or heparin largely reversed the increased viscosity, suggesting that acidic pH influences mucin electrostatic interactions. These findings link loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent alkalinization to abnormal CF ASL. In addition, we found that increasing Ca2+ concentrations elevated ASL viscosity, in part, independently of pH. The results suggest that increasing pH, reducing Ca2+ concentration, and/or altering electrostatic interactions in ASL might benefit early CF.
A pseudo 2D analysis of the velocity saturation region for flash cell modeling (2005)

A pseudo-2D analysis of the velocity saturation region (VSR) integrated in an analytical drift-diffusion surface-potential-based model is proposed. This approach allows the determination of the spatial repartition along the saturated channel of the surface potential and the electrical field for the modeling of the channel hot electron injection (CHEI). This MOS model is the core of a flash model, allowing the DC and transient simulations of a flash memory. This pseudo-2D analysis is successfully validated on a reference TMOS in 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Its application to flash memory is validated on a 0.18 /spl mu/m flash devices by comparing measurement and simulation of transient threshold voltage.
Virtual parenchymal perfusion for selective intra-arterial therapy of liver cancer (2016)

Intra-arterial injection of therapeutic agents is among the most common options for unresectable liver cancer. Such procedures rely on an in-depth assessment of the vessels leading to the tumor(s) to select the optimal catheter location maximizing therapy selectivity and potency while limiting healthy liver toxicity. In this paper, we propose a Virtual parenchymal Perfusion (VP) algorithm to approximate distal liver vascular territories given prospective "virtual" injection points, with all predictive data derived from a single 3D arterial Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan. Vascular territories are extracted from a vessel-driven geodesic distance map computed from the user-selected injection position, without the need for explicit vessel segmentation. In order to evaluate our approach, we compared liver sub-territories segmented from actual CBCT scans after selective injection of contrast agent or lipiodol, with the vascular territories computed with the VP algorithm using the non-selective arterial CBCT scans. Results on 11 pairs of arterial and selective injection CBCT scans showed a non-significant difference between virtual and real segmented volumes (p=0.73), an average mean distance of 4.75 mm, an average volume error of 16% and an average Dice coefficient of 0.75, supporting a high correlation. This study demonstrates the potential of our VP algorithm in planning intra-arterial therapy of liver cancer and provides the basis for clinical translation in a live interventional context.
Despread-respread multi-target constant modulus array for CDMA systems (1997)

We apply the concept of the despread-respread (DR) algorithm to multi-target arrays for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) signals, the despread-respread algorithm exploits the knowledge of the pseudo-noise (PN) code used to generate the transmitted CDMA signal. We extend the DR algorithm to not only exploit the knowledge of the PN code but also to preserve the constant modulus property of the signal. This new algorithm is called the least squares despread respread multi-target constant modulus array (LS-DRMTCMA). LS-DRMTCMA performs better than the least squares despread respread multi-target array (LS-DTMTA), least squares multi-target constant modulus array (LS-MTCMA), and steepest descent multi-target decision directed array (SD-MTDDA).
Pilot Study on the Use of a Laser-Structured Double Diamond Electrode (DDE) for Biofilm Removal from Dental Implant Surfaces (2020)

No proper treatment option for peri-implantitis exists yet. Based on previous studies showing the in vitro effectiveness of electrochemical disinfection using boron-doped diamond electrodes, novel double diamond electrodes (DDE) were tested here. Using a ceramic carrier and a laser structuring process, a clinically applicable electrode array was manufactured. Roughened metal discs (<i>n</i> = 24) made from Ti-Zr alloy were exposed to the oral cavities of six volunteers for 24 h in order to generate biofilm. Then, biofilm removal was carried out either using plastic curettes and chlorhexidine digluconate or electrochemical disinfection. In addition, dental implants were contaminated with ex vivo multispecies biofilm and disinfected using DDE treatment. Bacterial growth and the formation of biofilm polymer were determined as outcome measures. Chemo-mechanical treatment could not eliminate bacteria from roughened surfaces, while in most cases, a massive reduction of bacteria and biofilm polymer was observed following DDE treatment. Electrochemical disinfection was charge- and time-dependent and could also not reach complete disinfection in all instances. Implant threads had no negative effect on DDE treatment. Bacteria exhibit varying resistance to electrochemical disinfection with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Neisseria</i> sp., <i>Rothia</i><i>mucilaginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> surviving 5 min of DDE application at 6 V. Electrochemical disinfection is promising but requires further optimization with respect to charge quantity and application time in order to achieve disinfection without harming host tissue.
Infrared Spectra and Geometry of TiF2 and TiF3 in Rare-Gas Matrices (1969)

From an infrared study of gaseous TiF2 and TiF3 species isolated in neon and argon rare-gas matrices values of the symmetric and antisymmetric vibrational frequencies were obtained. Bond-angle measurements for TiF2, made using the isotope shift method, indicated a value of 130° ± 5°. This result has been rationalized in terms of possible electronic configurations for TiF2. Equilibrium constants for the reaction 2TiF3(g)+Ti(s)→3TiF2(g) were measured and combined with calculated free-energy-function data to indicate the stability of TiF2.
Parallel I/O: Getting ready for prime time (1995)

During the International Conference on Parallel Processing, held August 15-19, 1994, we convened a panel to discuss the state of the art in parallel I/0, tools and techniques to address current problems, and challenges for the future. The following is an edited transcript of that panel.
Matching and Evaluating Methods for Euro 6 and Efficient Two-stage Turbocharging Diesel Engine (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;While fuel efficiency has to be improved, future Diesel engine emission standards will further restrict vehicle emissions, particularly of nitrogen oxides. Increased in-cylinder filling is recognized as a key factor in addressing this issue, which calls for advanced design of air and exhaust gas recirculation circuits and high cooling capabilities.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As one possible solution, this paper presents a 2-stage boosting breathing architecture, specially dedicated to improving the trade-off between emissions and fuel consumption instead of seeking to improve specific power on a large family vehicle equipped with a 1.6-liter Diesel engine. In order to do it, turbocharger matching was specifically optimized to minimize engine-out NOx emissions at part-load and consumption under common driving conditions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engine speed and load were analyzed on the European driving cycle. The key operating points and associated upper boundary for NOx emission were identified. Then, automated single-cylinder engine tests were performed using the design of experiment method in order to characterize engine responses and to identify the corresponding in-cylinder filling targets.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Defining low full-load targets, turbo matching was undertaken to satisfy this performance requirements with the best charging capacity at part-load. Following a 0D air path simulation study based on manufacturer maps, two turbochargers were chosen.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Afterwards, an engine model was developed using the IFP-Engine library in the LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim simulation tool. Phenomenological combustion modeling was used and an advanced breathing architecture fully reproduced.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The physical modeling offered a means of checking that the in-cylinder filling targets could be achieved and of comparing the fuel consumption for different configurations. Lastly, transient simulations were performed to estimate the dynamic response of the engine in a vehicle situation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
P-selectin mediates neutrophil rolling and recruitment in acute pancreatitis (2011)

Abstract Background The adhesive mechanisms regulating leucocyte–endothelium interactions in the pancreas remain elusive, but selectins may play a role. This study examined the molecular mechanisms mediating leucocyte rolling along the endothelium in the pancreas and the therapeutic potential of targeting the rolling adhesive interaction in acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods Pancreatitis was induced by retrograde infusion of 5 per cent sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct, repeated intraperitoneal administration of caerulein (50 µg/kg) or intraperitoneal administration of l-arginine (4 g/kg) in C57BL/6 mice. A control and a monoclonal antibody against P-selectin were administered before and after induction of AP. Serum and tissue were sampled to assess the severity of pancreatitis, and intravital microscopy was used to study leucocyte rolling. Results Taurocholate infusion into the pancreatic duct increased the serum level of trypsinogen, trypsinogen activation, pancreatic neutrophil infiltration, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 2 formation and tissue damage. Immunoneutralization of P-selectin decreased the taurocholate-induced increase in serum trypsinogen (median (range) 17·35 (12·20–30·00) versus 1·55 (0·60–15·70) µg/l; P = 0·017), neutrophil accumulation (4·00 (0·75–4·00) versus 0·63 (0–3·25); P = 0·002) and tissue damage, but had no effect on MIP-2 production (14·08 (1·68–33·38) versus 3·70 (0·55–51·80) pg/mg; P = 0·195) or serum trypsinogen activating peptide level (1·10 (0·60–1·60) versus 0·45 (0–1·80) µg/l; P = 0·069). Intravital fluorescence microscopy revealed that anti-P-selectin antibody inhibited leucocyte rolling completely in postcapillary venules of the inflamed pancreas. Conclusion Inhibition of P-selectin protected against pancreatic tissue injury in experimental pancreatitis. Targeting P-selectin may be an effective strategy to ameliorate inflammation in AP.
Substitutions at Amino Acid Positions 143, 148, and 155 of HIV-1 Integrase Define Distinct Genetic Barriers to Raltegravir Resistance In Vivo (2012)

Mutations at amino acids 143, 148, and 155 in HIV-1 integrase (IN) define primary resistance pathways in subjects failing raltegravir (RAL)-containing treatments. Although each pathway appears to be genetically distinct, shifts in the predominant resistant virus population have been reported under continued drug pressure. To better understand this dynamic, we characterized the RAL susceptibility of 200 resistant viruses, and we performed sequential clonal analysis for selected cases. Patient viruses containing Y143R, Q148R, or Q148H mutations consistently exhibited larger reductions in RAL susceptibility than patient viruses containing N155H mutations. Sequential analyses of virus populations from three subjects revealed temporal shifts in subpopulations representing N155H, Y143R, or Q148H escape pathways. Evaluation of molecular clones isolated from different time points demonstrated that Y143R and Q148H variants exhibited larger reductions in RAL susceptibility and higher IN-mediated replication capacity (RC) than N155H variants within the same subject. Furthermore, shifts from the N155H pathway to either the Q148R or H pathway or the Y143R pathway were dependent on the amino acid substitution at position 148 and the secondary mutations in Y143R- or Q148R- or H-containing variants and correlated with reductions in RAL susceptibility and restorations in RC. Our observations in patient viruses were confirmed by analyzing site-directed mutations. In summary, viruses that acquire mutations defining the 143 or 148 escape pathways are less susceptible to RAL and exhibit greater RC than viruses containing 155 pathway mutations. These selective pressures result in the displacement of N155H variants by 143 or 148 variants under continued drug exposure.
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Using Microwave Tissue Coagulator for Small Renal Tumors: Usefulness and Complications (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy1 Oct 2005Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Using Microwave Tissue Coagulator for Small Renal Tumors: Usefulness and Complications Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/S0022-5347(01)68584-7AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Using Microwave Tissue Coagulator for Small Renal Tumors: Usefulness and Complications." The Journal of Urology, 174(4 Part 1), p. 1248 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 174Issue 4 Part 1October 2005Page: 1248 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The Spider (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Performance investigation of a nonlinear vibrational energy harvester with band limited noise (2016)

In the field of Energy Harvesting, it has been demonstrated that, under the proper conditions, nonlinear configurations of the harvester can provide better performance, compared to linear resonant oscillators; the performance is quantified in terms of the amount of energy extracted from environmental mechanical vibrations. In this paper the authors present the preliminary results of investigations on a system for energy harvesting from wideband vibrations, using a nonlinear Snap-Through Buckling configuration and two piezoelectric transducers, placed at the stable minima of the potential energy function that underpins the dynamics. The device is demonstrated to be capable of scavenging energy from band limited vibration sources in the range 0.5-15 Hz, but could be exploited up to 20 Hz with an acceptable loss of efficiency. The bandwidth of the device is compatible with applications where the vibrations occur at low frequencies e.g. in the case of a running human. The device is seen to generate power up to 160 μW in case of a noise limited at 15 Hz; the power is sufficient to operate a standard wireless sensor node. The conversion efficiency of the harvester is about 12%.
Front Matter: Volume 6478 (2007)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6478, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
FDM Helmholtz modeling of finite grating and waveguide width effects on resonant subwavelength grating reflectivity (2003)

Resonant subwavelength gratings (RSGs) may be used as narrow-band wavelength and angular reflectors. Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) predicts 100% reflectivity at the resonant frequency of an incident plane wave from an RSG of infinite extent. For devices of finite extent or for devices illuminated with a finite beam, the peak reflectivity drops, coupled with a broadening of the peak. More complex numerical methods are required to model these finite effects. We have modeled finite devices and finite beams with a two-dimensional finite difference Helmholtz equation. The effect of finite grating aperture and finite beam size are investigated. Specific cases considered include Gaussian beam illumination of an infinite grating, Gaussian illumination of a finite grating, and plane wave illumination of an apertured grating. For a wide grating with a finite Gaussian beam, it is found that the reflectivity is an exponential function of the grating width. Likewise, for an apertured grating the reflectivity shows an exponential decay with narrowing aperture size. Results are compared to other methods, including plane wave decomposition of Gaussian beams using RCWA for the case of a finite input beam, and a semi-analytical techniques for the case of the apertured grating.
High Glass Transitions of New Polyamides, Polyimides, and Poly(amide−imide)s Containing a Triphenylamine Group:  Synthesis and Characterization (2002)

A new triphenylamine-containing diamine monomer, 4,4‘-diamino-3‘ ‘,4‘ ‘-dimethyltriphenylamine (DADT), was successfully synthesized by the cesium fluoride-mediated condensation of 3,4-dimethylaniline with 4-fluoronitrobenzene, followed by reduction. The monomer was reacted with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic dianhydrides to produce a series of novel polyamides and polyimides, respectively. A new triphenylamine-containing dicarboxylic acid monomer, 4,4‘-trimellitimido-3‘ ‘,4‘ ‘-dimethyltriphenylamine (TDT), was successfully synthesized by refluxing the diamine, DADT, with trimellitic anhydride in glacial acetic anhydride. A series of new poly(amide−imide)s were prepared from TDT with various diamines by the direct polycondensation. The polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities of 0.61−2.28 dL g-1. Most of the polymers dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, and cyclohexanone. These polymers, especially poly(amide−imide)s, showed high glass transition temperatures between 254 and 326 °C. These polymers were fairly stable up to a temperature around or above 400 °C and lost 10% weight in the range of 430−566 and 462−574 °C in nitrogen and air, respectively. These tough and flexible polymer films had a tensile strength of 82−145 MPa, an elongation at break of 5−11%, and a tensile modulus of 1.7−3.3 GPa. The UV−vis absorption spectra revealed that most of the polymers had absorption maxima around 303 nm. Cyclic voltammograms of the polyamides, polyimides, and poly(amide−imide)s showed an oxidation wave with a peak around 0.9, 1.1, and 1.3 V, respectively.