gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Volatiles and their Concentration on Perception of Tomato Descriptors (2004)

ABSTRACT: Coarse chop partially deodorized tomato puree was spiked with 1 to 3 levels of individual food‐grade volatiles, reported to contribute to tomato flavor or volatile mixes and presented to a trained descriptive panel for flavor analysis in 2 different years. Six to eight panelists rated 9 aroma, 8 taste, and 1 aftertaste descriptors on a 15‐cm unstructured line scale. Panelists detected significant differences ( P ≤ 0.15) in concentration for various individual aroma compounds for a range of descriptors. Various descriptors also had correlations with levels of individual volatiles, including acetaldehyde, linalool, citral, trans‐2‐trans ‐4‐decadienal, furaneol, 1‐octen‐3‐one, and benzaldehyde. Of the combined volatile mixes in either year 2000 or 2001, spiked levels of the “green” mix (including with isobutylthiazole) resulted in increased perception of overall green and vine aromas as well as decreased perception of floral aroma, sweet taste, and overall aftertaste. The “earthy” mix resulted in increased perception of vine, earthy, and musty aromas as well as sweet taste, and decreased perception of overall and sour tastes. The “fruity” mix increased perception of overall, sweet tomato, tropical, and floral aromas as well as sweet, tropical, fruity, and overall aftertastes. The “fruity” mix also decreased green and musty aromas as well as sour and ripe tomato tastes. Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed that spiking with “earthy” and “green” mixes and 1‐penten‐3‐one were drivers for high loadings on the earthy and green descriptors, whereas the “fruity” mixes, furaneol, β‐ionone, benzaldehyde, and 2‐phenylethanol were drivers for high loadings on sweet tomato and floral aromas.
Nondestructive inspection of SiGe films using laser terahertz emission microscopy (2013)

Laser terahertz emission microscopy was applied to investigate the SiGe film on the Si substrate. In this study, as the initial experiment to apply LTEM to non-destructive evaluation of the strained SiGe films, the THz emission properties of the strained-SiGe were measured.
Grab: Fast and Accurate Sensor Processing for Cashier-Free Shopping (2020)

Cashier-free shopping systems like Amazon Go improve shopping experience, but can require significant store redesign. In this paper, we propose Grab, a practical system that leverages existing infrastructure and devices to enable cashier-free shopping. Grab needs to accurately identify and track customers, and associate each shopper with items he or she retrieves from shelves. To do this, it uses a keypoint-based pose tracker as a building block for identification and tracking, develops robust feature-based face trackers, and algorithms for associating and tracking arm movements. It also uses a probabilistic framework to fuse readings from camera, weight and RFID sensors in order to accurately assess which shopper picks up which item. In experiments from a pilot deployment in a retail store, Grab can achieve over 90% precision and recall even when 40% of shopping actions are designed to confuse the system. Moreover, Grab has optimizations that help reduce investment in computing infrastructure four-fold.
The CD28/CTLA-4:B7 receptor system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (1995)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T cell- mediated autoimmune disorder widely used as a model for human multiple sclerosis (MS). In this issue of The Journal, Cross et al. (1) describe the successful treatment of murine EAE using a soluble form of the T cell activation molecule, CTLA-4. To- gether with two other recent studies (2, 3), this demonstrates a crucial role of the CD28/CTLA-4:B7 receptor system in EAE and suggests potential therapies for human MS.
Flexible and Lightweight Devices for Wireless Multi-Color Optogenetic Experiments Controllable via Commercial Cell Phones (2019)

Optogenetics provide a potential alternative approach to the treatment of chronic pain, in which complex pathology often hampers efficacy of standard pharmacological approaches. Technological advancements in the development of thin, wireless, and mechanically flexible optoelectronic implants offer new routes to control the activity of subsets of neurons and nerve fibers <i>in vivo</i>. This study reports a novel and advanced design of battery-free, flexible, and lightweight devices equipped with one or two miniaturized LEDs, which can be individually controlled in real time. Two proof-of-concept experiments in mice demonstrate the feasibility of these devices. First, we show that blue-light devices implanted on top of the lumbar spinal cord can excite channelrhodopsin expressing nociceptors to induce place aversion. Second, we show that nocifensive withdrawal responses can be suppressed by green-light optogenetic (Archaerhodopsin-mediated) inhibition of action potential propagation along the sciatic nerve. One salient feature of these devices is that they can be operated via modern tablets and smartphones without bulky and complex lab instrumentation. In addition to the optical stimulation, the design enables the simultaneously wireless recording of the temperature in proximity of the stimulation area. As such, these devices are primed for translation to human patients with implications in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions far beyond chronic pain syndromes.
Endothelin A Receptor Antagonism in Experimental Congestive Heart Failure Results in Augmentation of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Sustained Sodium Retention (2003)

Activation of the myocardial and plasma ET-1 systems precedes activation of the myocardial and plasma RAS in CHF. ET-A receptor antagonism in experimental CHF further activates the RAS without improving sodium excretion. These findings suggest an important role for ET-1 in the progression of CHF and a potential mechanism for the exacerbation of CHF symptoms observed in clinical trials with chronic ET receptor antagonism. Further studies with combined modulation of the ET and other neurohumoral systems in CHF are required.
Ceftriaxone-associated Pseudolithiasis in the Gallbladder and Bile Duct of an Elderly Patient (2020)

A 78-year-old man had been undergoing treatment with Cefamezin for pyogenic spondylitis. Because of complication of a urinary tract infection, the medication was switched to ceftriaxone (CTRX) 2 g/day. On day 18 after starting CTRX, the patient began experiencing abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasound led to the identification of calculi in the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct with a peculiar formation. We suspected CTRX-associated pseudo-cholecystolithiasis and pseudo-choledocholithiasis, although CT performed at admission had shown no such findings. Therefore, CTRX was discontinued. By day 17 after CTRX cessation, both the pseudo-cholecystolithiasis and pseudo-choledocholithiasis had disappeared.
Discovery of BMS-986235/LAR-1219: A Potent Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) Selective Agonist for the Prevention of Heart Failure (2020)

Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonists can stimulate resolution of inflammation and may have utility for treatment of diseases caused by chronic inflammation, including heart failure. We report the discovery of a potent and selective FPR2 agonist and its evaluation in a mouse heart failure model. A simple linear urea with moderate agonist activity served as the starting point for optimization. Introduction of a pyrrolidinone core accessed a rigid conformation that produced potent FPR2 and FPR1 agonists. Optimization of lactam substituents led to the discovery of the FPR2 selective agonist <b>13c</b>, BMS-986235/LAR-1219. In cellular assays <b>13c</b> inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis and stimulated macrophage phagocytosis, key end points to promote resolution of inflammation. Cardiac structure and functional improvements were observed in a mouse heart failure model following treatment with BMS-986235/LAR-1219.
Performance of star 16QAM using iterative decision-directed channel estimation for DFT-precoded OFDMA (2012)

This paper presents the average block error rate (BLER) performance of the star 16QAM scheme using iterative decision-directed channel estimation (DDCE) for discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). The star 16QAM scheme achieves more efficient modulation compared to square 16QAM in that it decreases the actual required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) satisfying the target average BLER considering the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal for a low channel coding rate. Hence, the feature of the paper is that we apply iterative DDCE using soft-decision symbol estimation based on the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of an extrinsic probability at the Max-Log-MAP (maximum a posteriori probability) decoder output to achieve an efficient modulation scheme with a low required average received SNR. Computer simulation results show that for the star 16QAM scheme, the average BLER using the iterative DDCE is very close to that with ideal channel estimation for a low channel coding rate such as an R = 1/3 turbo code. We also show that when iterative DDCE is employed, the (8, 8) star 16QAM scheme decreases the required average received SNR considering the cubic metric at the average BLER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> by approximately 0.7 dB compared to the square 16QAM scheme.
Observation of Clamping of Photoluminescence Intensities from Nonlinear Degenerate Electron Gas in InN (2009)

We observed that photoluminescence intensities clamped at certain values as the pump intensity was increased, due to the presence of nonlinear degenerate electron gas and saturation of photogenerated and localized holes in InN.
Characterization of ion-irradiated poly-l-lactic acid using nano-cutting (2014)

Effects on the mechanical strength of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) upon irradiation with 150 keV He(+) ion were studied. Changes in the irradiated surface were investigated using a surface texture and contour measuring instrument and an atomic force microscope. Observations made with the atomic force microscope revealed that the irradiated surface subsided significantly as the fluence increased. In order to investigate the dependence on fluence of the depth of the Bragg peak for the ion implantation, the cutting strength, Σ, was analysed [F. Saito, I. Nishiyama and T. Hyodo, Mater. Lett., 2012, 66, 144-146]; this value is an indicator of the strength of a material against cutting, and is obtained from the cutting resistance. The averaged ion projected range increased from about 1.1 μm for a fluence of 1 × 10(15) He(+)/cm(2) to about 4 μm for a fluence of 1 × 10(16) He(+)/cm(2). The density of the region following irradiation was estimated using a combination of cutting resistance measurements and positron annihilation γ ray Doppler broadening measurements made with an energy-variable positron beam. The density decreased from the value of 1.27 g cm(-3) to about 0.6 g cm(-3) after irradiation with a fluence of 3 × 10(15) He(+)/cm(2). By considering the decrease in the density and the subsidence of the surface, it is concluded that only 30% of the original weight remained in the irradiated region after exposure to the He(+) ions. Anisotropic change in the cutting resistance suggests that mechanical strength in the direction normal to the surface increased while that in the lateral direction decreased.
Changes in Dewatering Properties Between the Thermophilic and Mesophilic Stages in Temperature‐Phased Anaerobic Digestion Systems (2001)

Temperature‐phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) has become increasingly appealing in recent years because of the pathogen destruction capabilities of the system. However, there has also been concern about the dewatering properties of the solids created by these systems. A laboratory study was conducted at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, to determine the effect of thermophilic solids retention time (SRT) on dewatering properties of wastewater solids to characterize system parameters associated with dewatering and to understand the mechanisms causing changes in dewatering properties between the thermophilic and mesophilic phases. The study showed that, while anaerobic digestion caused dewatering properties to deteriorate, the solids varied little with thermophilic SRT. Acidogenesis was essentially complete after 1.5 days. Subsequent mesophilic digestion resulted in little change to dewatering properties and modest reductions in conditioning doses, but substantial reductions in biopolymer (protein and polysaccharides) occurred. It seems that thermophilic anaerobic digestion creates or releases colloidal materials that cause dewatering to be poor and subsequent mesophilic digestion for 15 days does little to improve the dewatering properties of solids in TPAD systems.
Comparison of Adhesion and Virulence of Two Predominant Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones and Clonal Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus Isolates (2008)

The virulence of SCCmec type IV hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates belonging to the major sequence type 8 (ST8 [Lyon clone]) and to a minor upcoming clone, ST5, was compared with that of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates of matching sequence types. In vitro adhesion to human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) as an indicator of dissemination and mortality in a murine sepsis model as an indicator of virulence were evaluated. Ten MRSA isolates and 8 MSSA isolates of ST8 and 8 MRSA isolates and 8 MSSA isolates of ST5 were characterized with respect to multilocus sequence type; agr, spa, and capsule typing; in vitro doubling time; toxin and adhesin gene profiles; and adherence to HAECs. Adherence was significantly lower in the MRSA ST5 group than in the ST8 groups. Infections with MRSA and MSSA isolates ST8 and ST5 were compared. No change in virulence related to the presence of SCCmec was observed, since ST8 but not ST5 caused a significantly lower mortality in its presence. Despite their similar genetic backgrounds, individual clonal MRSA and MSSA isolates were heterogeneous in adherence and virulence. No one of these specific virulence factors determined in vitro was related to mouse mortality. In conclusion, in a bacteremic model, mortality was dependent on the ST and was differentially modulated by SCCmec; within an ST, clonality was not associated with a homogenous outcome.
Analysis of Substrate Integrated Slab Waveguides (SISW) by the BI-RME method (2003)

This paper presents a novel method for the analysis of Substrate Integrated Slab Waveguides (SISWs), recently proposed as wideband integrated transmission lines. This method applies to the analysis of H-plane waveguides, filled with a dielectric medium perforated with air holes. The analysis is based on the segmentation technique combined with the BI-RME method, which permit to determine the generalized admittance matrix of the circuit and, finally, the dispersion diagram of the SISW. Some numerical and experimental results are reported.
Interplay between bias field correction, intensity standardization, and noise filtering for T2-weighted MRI (2011)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is known to be significantly affected by a number of acquisition artifacts, such as intensity non-standardness, bias field, and Gaussian noise. These artifacts degrade MR image quality significantly, obfuscating anatomical and physiological detail and hence need to be corrected for to facilitate application of computerized analysis techniques such as segmentation, registration, and classification. Specifically, algorithms are required to correct for bias field (intensity inhomogeneity), intensity non-standardness (drift in tissue intensities across patient acquisitions), and Gaussian noise, an artifact that significantly affects and blurs tissue boundaries (resulting in poor gradients). While clearly one needs to correct for all these artifacts, the exact sequence in which all three operations need to be applied in order to maximize MR image quality has not been explored. In this paper, we empirically evaluate the interplay between distinct algorithms for bias field correction (BFC), intensity standardization (IS), and noise filtering (NF) to study the effect of these operations on image quality in the context of 3 Tesla T2-weighted (T2w) prostate MRI. 7 different sequences comprising combinations of BFC, IS, and NF were quantitatively evaluated in terms of the percent coefficient of variation (%CV), a statistic which attempts to quantify the intensity inhomogeneity within a region of interest (prostate). The different combinations were also independently evaluated in the context of a classifier scheme for detection of prostate cancer on high resolution in vivo T2w prostate MRI. A secondary contribution of this work is a novel evaluation measure for quantifying the level of intensity non-standardness, called difference of modes (DoM). Experimental evaluation of the different sequences of operations across 22 patient datasets revealed that the sequence of BFC, followed by NF, and IS provided the best image quality in terms of %CV as well as classifier accuracy. The DoM measure was able to accurately capture the level of intensity non-standardness present in the images resulting from the different sequences of operations.
Usefulness of Exercise Echocardiography in Early Detection of Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease after Uncomplicated Myocardial Infarction (1994)

To evaluate the exercise echocardiography (EE) accuracy in identifying the presence of multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) early after myocardial infarction (MI), 76 consecutive patients underwent coronary angiography and EE 10-15 days after uncomplicated MI. Left-ventricular wall motion abnormalities localised to more than one vascular territory were considered as the échocardiographie marker of MVD. To quantify ventricular dysfunction, a wall motion score index was calculated and the difference between baseline and exercise values (ΔWMSI) was recorded. EE correctly identified 26/33 MYD patients (sensitivity 79%), and 36/43 single-vessel disease (SVD) patients (specificity 84%). The MVD patients were more likely to have exercise- induced wall motion abnormalities (69 vs. 35% in the SVD group), which more frequently involved vascular regions with normal resting function (36% of MVD vs. 5% of SVD patients). After exercise, MVD patients showed a variable degree of ventricular dysfunction but a trend to a greater impairment of regional function was identified: ΔWMSI 0.261 ± 0.21 in MVD vs. 0.162 ± 0.09 in SVD patients (p = 0.06). In conclusion, in asymptomatic patients, after uncomplicated MI, EE allows the presence and the functional significance of MVD to be assessed nonin vasively with good accuracy.
Three-Dimensional Conformal External Beam Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) (2006)

Utilizing a wide range of established radiobiological parameters, this study suggests that the maximum fraction size needed to deliver a biologically equivalent dose using 3D-CRT is 3.82 Gy, supporting the continued use of 3.85Gy BID in the current national cooperative trial.
Preparing Reagents: Time Dependence of HCl(v =1, J) Alignment Following Pulsed Infrared Excitation (1994)

Abstract We discuss the use of photon absorption as a means of aligning reagents for studies of dynamical stereochemistry. A linearly polarized infrared beam from an optical parametric oscillator prepares HCl( v = 1, J = 1), and the alignment is monitored at subsequent times by (2+1) resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization. The degree of alignment oscillates in time caused by hyperfine quantum beats. Experimental observations are well matched by calculations that account for the presence of unresolved hyperfine structure. Following reagent preparation by optical pumping, a cumulative hyperfine‐depolarization coefficient can be used to describe the effective reagent alignment in a subsequent chemical reaction.
Force-Dependent Bilinear Variable Stiffness Design of Continuum Structure. (2002)

Stiffness is one of fundamental properties in structural design, such as in maximum stiffness design. The nonlinear structural property is an attractive characteristic to be designed although majority of structural design problem deals with the linear elastic property. This article discusses the concept of force-dependent variable stiffness. The mean compliance measures the structural stiffness from the viewpoint of external load and the deformation at the loading sight. A certain gap is introduced as an internal boundary in the continuum structure, and its open/close status may depend on working force condition. Such a gap is expected to work as the switching mechanism, which brings the force-dependent variable stiffness. The attention is forced on the bilinear stiffness design having only one switching point of stiffness in the context of structural topology and geometry determination. First, the topology determination problem is formulated by using SIMP method and solved by sequential linear programming supported by moving limit strategy. Second, the geometry determination problem is formulated based on the topology obtained under the constraints of bilinear stiffness with the specified external load for stiffness switching, and is solved by the traction method. A couple of numerical cases studies demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design concepts.
Insulin receptor kinase activity in rat liver. Regulation by fasting and high carbohydrate feeding. (1985)

Insulin receptor kinase activity was measured in partially purified receptor preparations from livers of rats fed a standard diet or subjected to either prolonged fasting or a high carbohydrate (CHO) diet, conditions known to decrease (fasting) and increase (CHO) insulin action. Basal and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the beta subunit of the insulin receptor was comparable in all groups with a half-maximal effect at approximately 2.0 ng/ml free insulin and a 10-12-fold maximal effect. The kinase activity of insulin receptors from the three groups was further examined using the synthetic polypeptide Glu 4:Tyr 1. Basal and insulin-stimulated rates of Glu 4:Tyr 1 phosphorylation were highest in the CHO-fed and lowest in the fasted group. The magnitude of these differences was the same in the absence or presence of insulin; thus, the alterations in receptor kinase activity in fasting and CHO feeding were entirely expressed in the basal rate of peptide phosphorylation. Antireceptor antibody immunoprecipitated 70-80% of the basal Glu 4:Tyr 1 kinase activity in each group; the remaining 20-30% showed minor group differences when normalized for the amount of protein present in the receptor preparations. These results indicate that the group differences in basal kinase were intrinsic to the insulin receptor. Insulin increased the Vmax of Glu 4:Tyr 1 phosphorylation by approximately 30 fmol of phosphorus/fmol of binding activity/30 min in all three groups; however, the absolute Vmax was highest in the CHO-fed and lowest in the fasted group. The Km of Glu 4:Tyr 1 phosphorylation was unaffected by insulin and was comparable (approximately 0.25 mg/ml) in the three groups. These findings indicate that fasting and CHO feeding produce changes in receptor kinase activity which are regulated by mechanisms independent of insulin and that the alterations show substrate specificity so that differences are detected with one substrate (Glu 4:Tyr 1) but not another (the beta subunit).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐IODOSUCCINIMIDE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ROSE OXIDE (1978)

Abstract Citronellol (I) reagiert mit N‐Iod‐succinimid über eine intermediäre Bildung der Iodverbindung (II) über die Diene (III) und (IV) in wesentlich verbesserten Ausbeuten zum Gemisch aus cis‐ und trans‐Rose‐oxid (V).