gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Theoretical Limits of Forced Air-Cooling by Employing Advanced Composite Materials with Thermal Conductivities > 400W/mK (2006)

The cooling system takes a significant portion of the total mass and/or volume of a power electronic system. In order to design a converter with high power density, it is necessary to minimize the converter's cooling system volume for a given maximum tolerable thermal resistance. This paper theoretically investigates, if the cooling system volume can be significantly reduced by employing new advanced composite materials like isotropic Aluminum/Diamond Composites or anisotropic Highly Orientated Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG). Another strategy to improve the power density of the cooling system is to increase the rotating speed and/or the diameter of the fan, which is limited by increasing power consumption of the fan. Fan scaling laws are employed in order to describe volume and thermal resistance of an optimized cooling system (fan plus heat sink), resulting in a single compact equation dependent on just two design parameters. Based on this equation, a deep insight into different design strategies and their general potentials is possible. The theory of the design process is verified experimentally for cooling a 10kW-converter.
Resonant directional coupling of hollow Bragg fibers (2004)

Coupling between the lowest-loss TE01 modes of two touching hollow-core Bragg fibers is considered with a view to designing a directional coupler. We have found that for fibers with core radii larger than 10 microm one can identify broad frequency ranges in which intermodal coupling strength exceeds supermode radiation losses by an order of magnitude, thus opening the possibility of building a directional coupler. We attribute such unusually strong intermode coupling both to the resonant effects in the intermirror cavity and a proximity interaction between the leaky modes localized in the mirror.
p38 MAP kinase regulates RANTES production byTNF‐α‐stimulated human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (1999)

These results indicate that p38 MAP kinase plays an important role in the TNF-alpha-activated signaling pathway which regulates RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.
Radical‐cured block copolymer‐modified thermosets (2011)

Abstract Poly(ethylene‐ alt ‐propylene)‐ b ‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP‐PEO) diblock copolymers were synthesized and added at 4 wt % to 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (BisGMA), a monomer that cures using free radical chemistry. In separate experiments, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) was combined as a secondary monomer with BisGMA and the monomers were loaded with 4 wt % PEP‐PEO. The diblock copolymers self‐assembled into well‐dispersed spherical micelles with PEP cores and PEO coronas. No appreciable change in the final extent of cure of the thermosets was caused by the addition of diblock copolymer, except in the case of BisGMA, where the addition of the block copolymer increased extent of cure by 12%. Furthermore, the extent of cure was increased by 29% and 37% with the addition of 25 and 50 wt % PEGDMA, respectively. Elastic modulus and fracture resistance were also determined, and the values indicate that the addition of block copolymers does not significantly toughen the thermoset materials. This finding is surprising when compared with the large increase in fracture resistance seen in block copolymer‐modified epoxies, and an explanation is proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Host Defense Peptide-Mimicking Amphiphilic β-Peptide Polymer (Bu:DM) Exhibiting Anti-Biofilm, Immunomodulatory, and in Vivo Anti-Infective Activity (2020)

Therapeutic options to treat multidrug resistant bacteria, especially when present in biofilms, are limited due to their high levels of antibiotic resistance. Here, we report the anti-biofilm and immunomodulatory activities of the host defense peptide (HDP)-mimicking β-peptide polymer (20:80 Bu:DM) and investigated its activity <i>in vivo</i>. The polymer outperformed antibiotics in the removal and reduction of the viability of established biofilms, achieving a maximum activity of around 80% reduction in viability. Interestingly the polymer also exhibited HDP-like immunomodulation in inducing chemokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokines. When tested in a murine, high-density skin infection model using <i>P. aeruginosa</i> LESB58, the polymer was effective in diminishing abscess size and reducing bacterial load. This study demonstrates the dual functionality of HDP-mimicking β-peptide polymers in inhibiting biofilms and modulating innate immunity, as well as reducing tissue dermonecrosis.
Geometrical analysis of cytochromecunfolding (2010)

We have developed a geometrical model to study the unfolding of iso-1 cytochrome c. The model draws on the crystallographic data reported for this protein. These data were used to calculate the distance between specific residues in the folded state, and in a sequence of extended states defined by n= 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 residue units. Exact calculations carried out for each of the 103 residues in the polypeptide chain demonstrate that different regions of the chain have different unfolding histories. Regions where there is a persistence of compact structures can be identified, and this geometrical characterization is fully consistent with analyses of time-resolved fluorescence energy-transfer (TrFET) data using dansyl-derivatized cysteine side-chain probes at positions 39, 50, 66, 85, and 99. Our calculations were carried out assuming that different regions of the polypeptide chain unfold synchronously. To test this assumption, we performed lattice Monte Carlo simulations to study systematically the possible importance of asynchronicity. Our calculations show that small departures from synchronous dynamics can arise if displacements of residues in the main body of the chain are much more sluggish than near-terminal residues.
Decomposing transverse momentum balance contributions for quenched jets in PbPb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{N}\;\mathrm{N}}}=2.76 $$ TeV (2016)

Interactions between jets and the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy ion collisions are studied via the angular distributions of summed charged-particle transverse momenta (p T ) with respect to both the leading and subleading jet axes in high-p T dijet events. The contributions of charged particles in different momentum ranges to the overall event p T balance are decomposed into short-range jet peaks and a long-range azimuthal asymmetry in charged-particle p T . The results for PbPb collisions are compared to those in pp collisions using data collected in 2011 and 2013, at collision energy s NN = 2.76 TeV with integrated luminosities of 166 b -1 and 5.3 pb -1 , respectively, by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Measurements are presented as functions of PbPb collision centrality, charged-particle p T , relative azimuth, and radial distance from the jet axis for balanced and unbalanced dijets.
Preface: The 5th International Workshop on X-ray Mirror Design, Fabrication, and Metrology (2016)

Recent developments in synchrotron storage rings and free-electron laser-based x-ray sources with ever-increasing brightness and coherent flux have pushed x-ray optics requirements to new frontiers. This Special Topic gathers a set of articles derived from a subset of the key presentations of the International Workshop on X-ray Mirrors Fabrication (IWXM-2015) and Metrology held at Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA, July 14-16, 2015. The workshop objective was to report on recent progress in x-ray synchrotron radiation mirrors fabrication as well as on new developments in related metrology tools and methods.
<title>Passive WDM channel power equalization with cascaded nonlinear amplifying loop mirrors</title> (2002)

We propose a novel cascaded amplifier system for long-haul PSK or FSK transmission that equalizes WDM channel powers completely passively. An unflattened EDFA is asymmetrically placed within an all-fiber Sagnac interferometer. The Kerr nonlinearity of the Sagnac-loop fiber induces a net phase difference between the counterpropagating signals. Individual channels have independent, nonlinear transfer functions upon exiting the loop. This system provides higher gain for weak channels, while strong channels receive reduced gain. Thus, all channels approach and maintain a steady-state power level through successive amplifications. This system requires no active feedback mechanisms to maintain channel power equality. Its performance is not affected by changes in the gain spectrum of the optical amplifier and, unlike all other power equalization or gain-flattening schemes, the degree of equalization improves with increasing number of amplifications. This presentation will discuss the operating principle of this device, theoretical predictions of its properties, and work in progress towards an experimental proof of principle.
Interactive city lighting (2013)

LED based lighting systems have enabled radically new possibilities in the field of artificial lighting. This is due to in part to the LED being digitally controllable which means this efficient light source can also be integrated with sensors and smart environments. This has opened up a new world of lighting and lighting interaction opportunities that has been applied in new concepts in many of the indoor lighting domains. The outdoor lighting domain however has focused mostly on the LED's efficiency and low cost of ownership to save energy and money for local governments. The use of the LED as a potential means for providing interactive city lighting for social good or entertainment is as yet a fairly unexplored area. This is therefore the focus of this workshop to bring together a community of researchers, designers and technologists to explore the potential of interactive city lighting and how it could support or enhance the lives of those living in a city.
Noise changes receptive fields of auditory neurons in A1 (2002)

Primates engage in auditory behaviors under a broad range of signal to noise conditions. In this study, optimal linear receptive fields were measured in alert primate A1 in response to stimuli that vary in spectrotemporal density. As the random tone pip density increased, selective A1 excitatory receptive fields systematically changed. Receptive field sensitivity, expressed as the expected change in firing rate after a tone pip onset, decreased by an order of magnitude. Spectral selectivity more than doubled. Inhibitory subfields, which were rarely recorded at low sound densities, emerged at higher sound densities. The ratio of excitatory to inhibitory population strength changed from 14.4:1 to 1.4:1. At low sound densities, the sound associated with the evocation of an action potential from an A1 neuron was broad in spectrum and time. At high sound densities, a spike-evoking sound was more likely to be a spectral or temporal edge, and was narrower in both time and frequency range. Prediction experiments were performed to validate the assumption that linear receptive fields were representative of neural responses at high noise densities. The auditory context alters A1 responses across multiple parameter spaces; this presents a challenge for reconstructing neural codes.
Effectiveness of Monazite Coatings in Oxide/Oxide Composites after Long‐Term Exposure at High Temperature (2003)

The effectiveness of monazite (LaPO 4 ) in providing an oxidation‐resistant weak fiber/matrix interface was evaluated in a fiber roving/thin coating/ceramic‐matrix composite with &gt;20% fiber volume fraction. Nextel™ 610/monazite/alumina composites were fabricated and tensile tested after isothermal exposures of up to 1000 h. Some strength loss was seen after short‐term exposures (1100°–1200°C/5–250 h); however, no further loss was observed after 1000 h at 1200°C. Conversely, control samples containing uncoated fiber displayed &gt;70% strength losses after only 5 h at 1200°C. Fiber pullout was seen in monazite‐containing samples even after 1000 h at 1200°C. Debonding was predominantly in the coating or at either the fiber/coating or coating/matrix interface. Push‐out testing confirmed the weakness of the monazite coating interface.
Rational design of a highly immunogenic prefusion-stabilized F glycoprotein antigen for a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (2023)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading, global cause of serious respiratory disease in infants and is an important cause of respiratory illness in older adults. No RSV vaccine is currently available. The RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein is a key antigen for vaccine development, and its prefusion conformation is the target of the most potent neutralizing antibodies. Here, we describe a computational and experimental strategy for designing immunogens that enhance the conformational stability and immunogenicity of RSV prefusion F. We obtained an optimized vaccine antigen after screening nearly 400 engineered F constructs. Through in vitro and in vivo characterization studies, we identified F constructs that are more stable in the prefusion conformation and elicit ~10-fold higher serum-neutralizing titers in cotton rats than DS-Cav1. The stabilizing mutations of the lead construct (847) were introduced onto F glycoprotein backbones of strains representing the dominant circulating genotypes of the two major RSV subgroups, A and B. Immunization of cotton rats with a bivalent vaccine formulation of these antigens conferred complete protection against RSV challenge, with no evidence of disease enhancement. The resulting bivalent RSV prefusion F investigational vaccine has recently been shown to be efficacious against RSV disease in two pivotal phase 3 efficacy trials, one for passive protection of infants by immunization of pregnant women and the second for active protection of older adults by direct immunization.
Analysis of single-defect cavities in 3D photonic crystal (2002)

We theoretically investigate the properties of a single-defect cavity which is created by adding dielectric material to a three-dimensional photonic crystal. Important design rules are shown to obtain sufficient tunability of the resonant frequency, large mode separation, and high Q factor.
Fluorinated Four‐Membered Heterocycles (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Fluorinated Oxetanes Fluorinated β-Sultones Fluorinated Dithietanes and Thietanes Fluorinated β-Lactones Fluorinated β-Lactams, Azetidines, and Oxazetidines References
Gene Fusions Associated with Recurrent Amplicons Represent a Class of Passenger Aberrations in Breast Cancer (2012)

Application of high-throughput transcriptome sequencing has spurred highly sensitive detection and discovery of gene fusions in cancer, but distinguishing potentially oncogenic fusions from random, "passenger" aberrations has proven challenging. Here we examine a distinctive group of gene fusions that involve genes present in the loci of chromosomal amplifications--a class of oncogenic aberrations that are widely prevalent in breast cancers. Integrative analysis of a panel of 14 breast cancer cell lines comparing gene fusions discovered by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and genome-wide copy number aberrations assessed by array comparative genomic hybridization, led to the identification of 77 gene fusions, of which more than 60% were localized to amplicons including 17q12, 17q23, 20q13, chr8q, and others. Many of these fusions appeared to be recurrent or involved highly expressed oncogenic drivers, frequently fused with multiple different partners, but sometimes displaying loss of functional domains. As illustrative examples of the "amplicon-associated" gene fusions, we examined here a recurrent gene fusion involving the mediator of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, RPS6KB1 kinase in BT-474, and the therapeutically important receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line. These gene fusions comprise a minor allelic fraction relative to the highly expressed full-length transcripts and encode chimera lacking the kinase domains, which do not impart dependence on the respective cells. Our study suggests that amplicon-associated gene fusions in breast cancer primarily represent a by-product of chromosomal amplifications, which constitutes a subset of passenger aberrations and should be factored accordingly during prioritization of gene fusion candidates.
Withdrawal: Effect of Ser-129 phosphorylation on interaction of α-synuclein with synaptic and cellular membranes. (2020)

Effect of Ser-129 Phosphorylation on Interaction of α-Synuclein with Synaptic and Cellular MembranesJournal of Biological ChemistryVol. 286Issue 41PreviewBackground: The majority of α-synuclein is phosphorylated at serine 129 in Lewy bodies.Results: The membrane association of PD-linked mutant α-synuclein, but not wild-type α-synuclein, was increased by serine 129 phosphorylation.Conclusion: Pathological serine 129 phosphorylation regulates membrane accumulation of mutant α-synuclein.Significance: The relationship of serine 129 phosphorylation to pathogenic aggregation of normal and mutant α-synuclein may be governed by distinct effects on phosphoprotein membrane accumulation. Full-Text PDF Open Access VOLUME 286 (2011) PAGES 35863–35871 This article has been withdrawn by Naomi Visanji, Sabine Wislet-Gendebien, Loren Oschipok, Isabelle Aubert, Paul Fraser, and Anurag Tandon. Gang Zhang was not reachable. The pS129 immunoblot in Fig. 1 was used for both membrane and cytosol fractions. In Fig. 4B, the pS129 blots from representative WT and A30P tissues are the same.
Changes in the immunoregulatory gene profile in ibs subjects following probiotic treatment: investigating a mechanism of action (2006)

Aims: Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Bifidobacterium infantis in providing relief in IBS. A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study was instigated to investigate possible immunological alterations following oral administration of Bifidobacterium infantis, to determine potential causes for this therapeutic response at the molecular level and establish a possible mechanism of action.
Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions Catalyzed by New Chiral Tridentate Chromium(III) Catalysts (1999)

Even moderately nucleophilic dienes react with simple aldehydes in the presence of a new CrIII catalyst in a hetero-Diels–Alder reaction [Eq. (1)]. Tetrahydropyranyl products with up to three stereogenic centers are generated in near-perfect diastereoselectivities and with greater than 90 % ee (99 % ee for the example shown). TBAF=tetrabutylammonium fluoride; TBS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl; TES=triethylsilyl.
Engineering Cellular Metabolism (2008)

Natural metabolic circuits are evolved for the organisms’ survival and fitness in natural environments. However, to harness organisms’ capability for a human application or to intervene a pathological process may require man‐made metabolic circuits that interact with existing intracellular networks. In the past few years, synthetic biological circuits have been studied to pave the way for applications useful to mankind. In this talk, we will demonstrate how cellular metabolic network can be reengineered to achieve a desired purpose. In particular, we will discuss general design approaches to engineer cellular metabolic networks. Guided by mathematical analyses, we have re‐wired the metabolic circuits for production of specific biochemicals; we have constructed a synthetic feedback control system for redirecting metabolic flux; and we have demonstrated a gene‐metabolic oscillator that mimics a key feature in circadian rhythm, namely the coupling between metabolism and gene expression oscillation.
Assessment of breast tumor margins via quantitative diffuse reflectance imaging (2010)

A particular application of interest for tissue reflectance spectroscopy in the UV-Visible is intraoperative detection of residual cancer at the margins of excised breast tumors, which could prevent costly and unnecessary repeat surgeries. Our multi-disciplinary group has developed an optical imaging device, which is capable of surveying the entire specimen surface down to a depth of 1-2mm, all within a short time as required for intraoperative use. In an IRB-approved study, reflectance spectral images were acquired from 54 margins in 48 patients. Conversion of the spectral images to quantitative tissue parameter maps was facilitated by a fast scalable inverse Monte-Carlo model. Data from margin parameter images were reduced to image-descriptive scalar values and compared to gold-standard margin pathology. The utility of the device for classification of margins was determined via the use of a conditional inference tree modeling approach, and was assessed both as a function of type of disease present at the margin, as well as a function of distance of disease from the issue surface. Additionally, the influence of breast density on the diagnostic parameters, as well as the accuracy of the device, was evaluated.
Supplementary Materials and Methods, Supplementary Figures 1 through 3 and Supplementary Tables 1 through 5 from Aberrant SYK Kinase Signaling Is Essential for Tumorigenesis Induced by TSC2 Inactivation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods. Supplementary Figure S1. R406 and rapamycin induce G1 cell cycle arrest in TSC2- cells. Supplementary Figure S2. Densitometric analysis of phospho-Syk and Syk, related to Fig. 4D. Supplementary Figure S3. TSC2 deficiency leads to upregulation of MCP-1 gene expression in vitro. Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of subjects who were part of the longitudinal studies, related to Fig.6B. Supplementary Table S2. Characteristics of healthy volunteers and LAM subjects whose PBMCs were studied, related to Fig.6C. Supplementary Table S3. siRNA sequences. Supplementary Table S4. Complete list of antibodies. Supplementary Table S5. Real-time PCR primer sequences.&lt;/p&gt;
Modelling of ATR-FTIR MEMS Spectrometer Under Partially-Coherent Multimode-Fiber Illumination (2021)

Miniaturization of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectrometers has been an emerging field applying such powerful surface sensing method for in-situ spectroscopic analysis. In this work, we present a model for field propagation through ATR element under the illumination of multimode fiber (MMF) in a micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) based ATR Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic system. The core spectrometer is based on micro-fabricated Michelson interferometer using deep etching technology, in which the light propagates in-plane with respect to the silicon substrate. An ATR multiple reflection crystal is illuminated with infrared (IR) thermal blackbody radiation source through an MMF. The output light of the crystal is fiber-coupled to the MEMS interferometer then to an IR broadband photodetector. The optical system is modelled using scaler Fourier optics, where the fiber output field is represented by a group of spatially shifted elementary sources, to predict the ATR absorbance response, taking into account the partial spatial coherence nature of the MMF output. The model output leads to the requirements on the ATR measurement conditions and numerical aperture (NA) of the system. The model is compared to practical results of MEMS spectrometer which is experimentally characterized over the mid-infrared (MIR) wavenumber range from 5000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> to 2100 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> , lower limited by the used fiber and photodetector cut-off. Spectra of liquid samples are obtained using two different crystals and total internal reflection (TIR) angles showing good agreement with theoretical prediction.