gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolated limb perfusion with melphalan, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and oncolytic vaccinia virus improves tumour targeting and prolongs survival in a rat model of advanced extremity sarcoma (2014)

Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a treatment for advanced extremity sarcoma and in-transit melanoma. Advancing this procedure by investigating the addition of novel agents, such as cancer-selective oncolytic viruses, may improve both the therapeutic efficacy of ILP and the tumour-targeted delivery of oncolytic virotherapy. Standard in vitro assays were used to characterise single agent and combinatorial activities of melphalan, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Lister strain vaccinia virus (GLV-1h68) against BN175 rat sarcoma cells. An orthotopic model of advanced extremity sarcoma was used to evaluate survival of animals after ILP with combinations of TNF-α, melphalan and GLV-1h68. We investigated the efficiency of viral tumour delivery by ILP compared to intravenous therapy, the locoregional and systemic biodistribution of virus after ILP, and the effect of mode of administration on antibody response. The combination of melphalan and GLV-1h68 was synergistic in vitro. The addition of virus to standard ILP regimens was well tolerated and demonstrated superior tumour targeting compared to intravenous administration. Triple therapy (melphalan/TNF-α/GLV-1h68) resulted in increased tumour growth delay and enhanced survival compared to other treatment regimens. Live virus was recovered in large amounts from perfused regions, but in smaller amounts from systemic organs. The addition of oncolytic vaccinia virus to existing TNF-α/melphalan-based ILP strategies results in survival advantage in an immunocompetent rat model of advanced extremity sarcoma. Virus administered by ILP has superior tumour targeting compared to intravenous delivery. Further evaluation and clinical translation of this approach is warranted.
Multi-object segmentation using coupled nonparametric shape and relative pose priors (2009)

We present a new method for multi-object segmentation in a maximum a posteriori estimation framework. Our method is motivated by the observation that neighboring or coupling objects in images generate configurations and co-dependencies which could potentially aid in segmentation if properly exploited. Our approach employs coupled shape and inter-shape pose priors that are computed using training images in a nonparametric multi-variate kernel density estimation framework. The coupled shape prior is obtained by estimating the joint shape distribution of multiple objects and the inter-shape pose priors are modeled via standard moments. Based on such statistical models, we formulate an optimization problem for segmentation, which we solve by an algorithm based on active contours. Our technique provides significant improvements in the segmentation of weakly contrasted objects in a number of applications. In particular for medical image analysis, we use our method to extract brain Basal Ganglia structures, which are members of a complex multi-object system posing a challenging segmentation problem. We also apply our technique to the problem of handwritten character segmentation. Finally, we use our method to segment cars in urban scenes.
Chemical reaction and diffusion kinetics during laser-induced submillisecond heating for lithographic applications (2019)

Reactions in solid-state chemistry are controlled by both underlying chemical reaction rates and temperature-dependent diffusion of reactants and products. Due to distinctly different activation energies, the relative rates of reaction and diffusion may shift dramatically with temperature. In this work, the acid catalyzed deprotection of acid labile groups of model chemically amplified photopolymers was studied to understand the effects of temperature on diffusion-coupled reactions. In these systems, strong acids form during exposure of photoacid generators (PAGs) to ultraviolet radiation and then diffuse and catalyze deprotection reactions. By using very short duration laser-induced heating for the postexposure bake step, the potential reaction temperature range is extended by several hundred degrees compared to traditional thermal processing temperatures. Thermal degradation at these temperatures is avoided by simultaneously reducing the heating time from minutes to submilliseconds. Both diffusion and reaction rates were measured in this high temperature region for three different photoresists combined with two different PAGs, with activation energies of the key processes determined. The interplay of diffusion and reaction rates was also examined by comparing results of high-resolution pattern formation. The best image formation at high temperature was achieved using photoresists with high deprotection rates combined with PAGs exhibiting low diffusivity.
Checkpoint-Inhibition bei Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom (2018)

Immer noch sterben Patienten an malignen Lymphomen, weshalb neue therapeutische Optionen weiterhin erforderlich sind. Um ungehindert wachsen und sich ausbreiten zu können, müssen Tumorzellen in der Lage sein, dem Immunsystem zu entgehen. Daher könnte die Verstärkung oder Wiederherstellung von Immuneffektormechanismen gegen maligne Zellen von großem Nutzen sein, wie dies beispielsweise für die allogene Transplantation gezeigt wurde. Fortschritte im Wissen über die Regulation der Aktivierung und Inhibition T-Zell-basierter Effektormechanismen haben zur Entwicklung von Arzneimitteln geführt, die in der Lage sind, spezifische Checkpoints dieses Systems zu verändern und auf diese Weise eine Immunreaktion gegen die Tumorzellen hervorzurufen. Angesichts des dramatischen Ansprechens bei Hodgkin-Lymphomen (HL) ist das Interesse, diese Arzneimittel auch bei Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen (NHL) zu untersuchen, gestiegen. Die verfügbaren Daten unterstreichen das Potenzial von Checkpoint-Inhibitoren bei verschiedenen Lymphom-Entitäten, wie dem primären mediastinalen B-Zelllymphom (PMBCL) oder den Lymphomen des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS), und es besteht die Hoffnung, dass ein Großteil der Patienten letztlich davon profitieren wird. Allerdings sind intensive Anstrengungen erforderlich, um optimale Screening-Instrumente, Kombinationen und Therapiesequenzen zu entwickeln und das gesamte Potenzial dieser neuen Klasse therapeutischer Wirkstoffe auszuloten. Übersetzung aus Oncol Res Treat 2017;40:662-672 (DOI:10.1159/000481888)
ArF excimer laser processing of PECVD and LECVD silicon oxynitride thin films: Local changes in DUV transparency and composition (1989)

The deep ultraviolet (DUV) transparency and composition of silicon oxynitride (SiNO) and silicon nitride (SiN) thin films formed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and excimer laser enhanced CVD (LECVD) were measured. Deposited onto silicon (SI), sapphire (SA), and quartz (QZ) wafers, the films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), wavelength dispersive x‐ray (WDX), and ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) spectroscopies. In addition to varying these properties by altering the reactor deposition parameters, changes also were studied as a function of single pulse and high repetition rate exposures of the films to the output of an ArF excimer laser at different pulse energies. Single pulse experiments caused no changes, while high repetition rate exposures modified the films. The effects were greater for th QZ and SA samples, which are the more thermally insulating substrates, than the SI samples, suggesting that the changes occur via local heating of the film. The major effect on composition caused by laser exposure was the loss of hydrogen bound to silicon (SiH) and to nitrogen (NH). Overall, a decrease in the SiH had the strongest correlation with an increase in UV transparency. Adjusted to the basis of a one micrometer film, exposure of a PECV QZ sample increased its transmittance at 200 nm from 1% before irradiation to 10% a contrast of 10, while an SA sample increased from 10% to 25%, a contrast of 2.5. Laser exposure of LECVD SiN films—produced with silicon‐rich, nearly stoichiometric, and silicon‐deficient Si:N ratios—showed maximum contrasts of 1 (no effect), 7, and 50, respectively, but the films were strongly absorbing at the wavelengths of maximum contrast. The nature of the photo‐modifiable, UV‐absorbing defect is discussed.
Silk (2016)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Definitions 1.2. Silkworm Silk 1.2.1. History of Silkworm Silk Use 1.2.2. Life Cycle of the Mulberry Silkworm 1.3. Spider Silk 1.3.1. Types of Spider Silk 1.3.2. History of Spider Silk Use 2. Structure and Properties of Silk 2.1. Hierarchy and Structure of Silkworm Silk 2.2. Hierarchical Structure of Spider Silk: Exemplary Dragline Silk 2.3. Chemical Composition of Silk 2.3.1. Fibroin 2.3.2. Sericin 2.3.3. Spidroin 2.4. Properties 3. Production 3.1. Sericulture of Silkworm Silk 3.2. Biotechnological Production of Silk Proteins 3.3. Production of Silk Threads 3.3.1. Natural Silk Thread Production 3.3.2. Artificial Silk Thread Production 3.4. World Production of Silkworm Silk 4. Processing of Silkworm Silk 4.1. Degumming 4.2. Weighting 4.3. Bleaching 4.4. Dyeing 4.5. Printing 4.6. Special Finishing 5. Processing of silk proteins into non-thread morphologies 6. Uses Silkworms produce protein-based (silk) cocoons to protect themselves during their metamorphosis into moths, and humans have harvested silk fibers from these cocoons for millennia to produce textiles due to their luster, moisture absorbance and strength. Weaving spiders produce silk-based webs (from a variety of different silk protein-based fibers) to capture prey; some of these silk fibers have mechanical properties superior to Nylon, Kevlar, silkworm silk, and high-tensile steel. In this article, the relationship between the properties of fibers produced by silkworms and spiders and the molecular structure of their constituent proteins, as well as production and processing technologies in combination with the putative use of silk-based materials will be summarized.
PDTM-34. COMBINED BET BROMODOMAIN AND CDK2 INHIBITION IN MYC-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA (2017)

Misexpression of MYC genes (MYC and MYCN) occurs commonly in medulloblastoma (MB), the most frequent malignant childhood brain tumor. We previously showed that tumors are addicted to MYCN and that MYCN stabilization is required for MB development in mice (Swartling et al, Genes & Dev, 2010; Cancer Cell, 2012). BET bromodomains recognize acetylated lysine residues and are known to promote and maintain MYC transcription. Moreover, some cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are known to support MYC stabilization in tumor cells. In this study MB cells were suppressed by combined targeting of MYC expression and MYC stabilization using BET bromodomain inhibition and CDK2 inhibition, respectively. The combination treatment worked synergistically and caused cell cycle arrest as well as programmed cell death. Immediate transcriptional changes from this combination treatment were found using RNA-Seq profiling and showed remarkable similarities to changes in MYC target gene expression when MYCN was turned off with doxycycline in our MYCN-inducible Group 3 MB animal model. Importantly, our combination treatment approach significantly prolonged survival, as compared to single agent therapy, in mice orthotopically transplanted with MYC-amplified human Group 3 MB. Our data suggests that dual inhibition of CDK2 and BET bromodomains could be a novel treatment approach for suppressing MYC-amplified medulloblastoma.
Digestive system membranes: freeze-fracture evidence for differentiation and flow in Paramecium. (1981)

Freeze-fractured membranes of digestive vacuoles of randomly feeding Paramecium caudatum exhibit dramatic differences in intramembrane particle (IMP) number and distribution on both E- and P-fracture faces. By pulse-feeding latex spheres to cells we have demonstrated that these differences are related to the age of the digestive vacuoles, and that the membranes of such vacuoles undergo a specific sequence of changes during the digestive cycle. Young digestive vacuoles (DV-I; less than or equal to 6 min), nascent vacuoles still connected to the cytopharynx, and discoidal vesicles, from which vacuole membrane is derived, all have a highly particulate E face and a less particulate P face. As early as 3 min after feeding, a second category of digestive vacuoles (DV-II) can be recognized, which are both considerably smaller in diameter and lack particles on their E face. These findings suggest that the endocytic removal of DV-I membrane material associated with the formation of DV-II vacuoles involves a concomitant and selective removal of E-face particles, as essentially no changes are seen in the density of P-face particles on the two types of vacuoles. Beginning at 10 min the first DV-III vacuoles are encountered. These are both larger than the DV-II vacuoles and possess very prominent E-face particles, which resemble those on the E face of the numerous lysosomes bordering the digestive vacuoles. DV-III vacuoles also exhibit a substantial increase in P-face particles. These membrane changes closely parallel, and are probably correlated with, the physiological events occurring within the vacuole lumen: concentration of food, killing of prey, and digestion. Calculations of the amount of membrane removed from DV-I to form DV-II and of the increase in membrane surface area during the transition from DV-II to DV-III indicate that as much as 90% of the initial phagosome (DV-I) membrane can be removed before digestion begins. The enlargment of DV-II must be caused by fusion with adjacent lysosomes which also contribute the new populations of IMPs to the DV-III membrane. The appearance of numerous endocytic structures on older DV-III vacuoles suggests that membrane is retrieved from DV-III before defecation.
Observation of gliding arc surface treatment (2014)

An alternating current (AC) gliding arc can be conveniently operated at atmospheric pressure and efficiently elongated into the ambient air by an air flow and thus is useful for surface modification. A high speed camera was used to capture dynamics of the AC gliding arc in the presence of polymer surfaces. A gap was observed between the polymer surface and the luminous region of the plasma column, indicating the existence of a gas boundary layer. The thickness of the gas boundary layer is smaller at higher gas flow-rates or with ultrasonic irradiation to the AC gliding arc and the polymer surface. Water contact angle measurements indicate that the treatment uniformity improves significantly when the AC gliding arc is tilted to the polymer surface. Thickness reduction of the gas boundary layer, explaining the improvement of surface treatment, by the ultrasonic irradiation was directly observed for the first time.
Optimal broadband antireflective taper (2013)

We have solved the optimal taper design for minimizing reflection over a broad frequency band for a given tapered length. We believe this work will lead to significant improvement in developing broadband antireflective devices in many areas.
Influence of correlations between scatterers on the attenuation of the coherent wave in a random medium (2006)

Experimental measurements of the coherent wave transmission for ultrasonic waves propagating in water through a random set of scatterers (metallic rods) are presented. Though the densities are moderate (6% and 14%) the experimental results show that the mean-free path deviates from the classical first-order approximation due to the existence of correlations between scatterers. Theoretical results for the mean free path obtained from different approaches are compared to the experimental measurements. The best agreement is obtained with the second-order diagrammatic expansion of the self-energy.
Blue Gene/Q resource management architecture (2010)

As supercomputers scale to a million processor cores and beyond, the underlying resource management architecture needs to provide a flexible mechanism to manage the wide variety of workloads executing on the machine. In this paper we describe the novel approach of the Blue Gene/Q (BG/Q) supercomputer in addressing these workload requirements by providing resource management services that support both the high performance computing (HPC) and high-throughput computing (HTC) paradigms. We explore how the resource management implementations of the prior generation Blue Gene (BG/L and BG/P) systems evolved and led us down the path to developing services on BG/Q that focus on scalability, flexibility and efficiency. Also provided is an overview of the main components comprising the BG/Q resource management architecture and how they interact with one another. Introduced in this paper are BG/Q concepts for partitioning I/O and compute resources to provide I/O resiliency while at the same time providing for faster block (partition) boot times. New features, such as the ability to run a mix of HTC and HPC workloads on the same block are explained, and the advantages of this type of environment are examined. Similar to how Many-task computing (MTC) [1] aims to combine elements of HTC and HPC, the focus of BG/Q has been to unify the two models in a flexible manner where hybrid workloads having both HTC and HPC characteristics are managed simultaneously.
Selenium Dioxide Oxidations in the b-Carboline Area (1980)

The reaction of 1-ethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-l, 2,3,4-tetrahydro-0-carboline 11 with selenium dioxide has re--sulted in the synthesis of the 0-carboline alkaloids, l-acetyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-6-carboline 14 and 1-acetyl-0-carboline 15.-" --Application of this technology in a different series has resulted in a two step synthesis of canthin-6-one.The scope and/or limitations of the reaction of tetrahydro-0-carbolines with selenium dioxide are discussed.Although there are relatively few methods available for the preparation of 3-acylindoles, most notable for the present discussion are the thioketal approach of ~tad1er.l the DDQ method developed by yonemitsu2 and the work with selenium d i ~x i d e , ~ the recent isolation of several natural products which contain the 3-acylindole moiety has stimulated additional interest in this area.Alkaloids of particular importance are borrecapine l r 4 aristotelinone 2 , 5 crenatine 3 , 6 1-methoxy-canthin-6-one7 and pimprinine.8The latter base was synthesized by ~oshi,' and more recently by Yonenitsu (DDC technology!. 10Recently we have shown3 that the indole piperido base 4 could be converted the 3-acylinllole 5 or to the 3-acylpyridoindole 6 in good to excellent yields
“Bucky gels” for tailoring electroactive materials and devices: the composites of carbon materials with ionic liquids (2011)

Bucky gels are gelatinous composite materials consisting of carbon nanotubes and ionic liquids. This article gives an overview of some promising applications of bucky gels reported mostly in the last few years and a possible extension to the dispersion of graphene sheets.
Effect of Passive Reflectors for Enhancing Coverage of 28 GHz mmWave\n Systems in an Outdoor Setting (2018)

The availability of large unused spectrum at millimeter wave (mmWave)\nfrequency bands has steered the future 5G research towards these bands.\nHowever, mmWave signals are attenuated severely in the non-lineof-sight (NLOS)\nscenarios, thereby leaving the strong link quality by a large margin to\nline-of-sight (LOS) links. In this paper, a passive metallic reflector is used\nto enhance the coverage for mmWave signals in an outdoor, NLOS propagation\nscenarios. The received power from different azimuth and elevation angles are\nmeasured at 28 GHz in a parking lot setting. Our results show that using a 33\ninch by 33 inch metallic reflector, the received power can be enhanced by 19 dB\ncompared to no reflector case.\n
Per‐antenna power minimization in symbol‐level precoding for the multibeam satellite downlink (2018)

Summary This paper addresses the problem of multiuser interference in the forward downlink channel of a multibeam satellite system. A symbol‐level precoding scheme is considered, to exploit the multiuser interference and transform it into useful power at the receiver side, through a joint utilization of the data information and the channel state information. In this context, a per‐antenna power minimization scheme is proposed, under quality‐of‐service constraints, for multilevel modulation schemes. The consideration of the power limitations individually for each transmitting radio frequency chain is a central aspect of this work, and it allows to deal with systems using separate per‐antenna amplifiers. Moreover, this feature is also particularly relevant for systems suffering nonlinear effects of the channel. This is the case of satellite systems, where the nonlinear amplifiers should be properly driven to reduce the detrimental saturation effect. In the proposed scheme, the transmitted signals are designed to reduce the power peaks, while guaranteeing some specific target signal‐to‐noise ratios at the receivers. Numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, which is compared both with the state of the art in symbol‐level precoding and with the conventional minimum mean square error precoding approach.
Effect of cumulative heating on micromachining in the explosive ablation regime with copper vapour lasers (2003)

Summary form only given. Micromachining of metals using high pulse repetition frequency (PRF/spl sime/10-20 kHz) copper vapour lasers (CVLs) at fluences of order 10/sup 2/-10/sup 3/ J/cm/sup 2/ is observed to produce a larger (average) ablation depth per pulse with increasing PRF, which we attribute to cumulative heating effects. The paper explains this high fluence ablation regime in the context of an explosive ablation model, which also explains observed deep, conical shaped, singleshot ablation craters with depths 10-70 /spl mu/m. To the purpose the characteristics of ablation craters (depth, morphology) produced by single-shot exposures with and without external heating of the substrate, are compared to those obtained by multiple pulse experiments.
The mobile robot "staff": mechanical analysis and design (2003)

The development of a fully mobile omnidirectional vehicle intended for flexible manufacturing plants (mechanical, pipeless chemical plants and others) and loads up to 1200 kg is presented. Four identical steering/tractive units with conventional wheels are used. An accurate dynamical formulation has been developed in order to improve the dead reckoning accuracy. It takes into account the dependence of the rolling and pivoting resistance torques upon the normal reactive forces, and includes a formulation of the motion perturbations due to wheel deformation. A finite element model of the structure has been used for static analysis, dynamic loading and vibration analysis.
Mechanics of hearing 2017: Moderated discussion II (2018)

At the 13th International Workshop on the Mechanics of Hearing (MoH), held at Brock University (Ontario, Canada) in June 2017, several discussion forums were held where participants actively engaged in critical discussion dealing with workshop topics/themes. The following is an edited transcript of a recorded discussion session that took place on June 20. All participants knew that the session was being recorded. We note that the discussion was relatively spontaneous in nature, and the transcription subject to interpretation and editing (for clarity). Additionally, minor changes (e.g., slight reordering, editing for conciseness) were made to help improve readability. As such, this transcript may not definitively represent the views of the participants, nor represent a consensus of experts in the field. Readers are advised to consult additional literature.