gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 1-glutarylindoline-2-carboxylic acid derivatives (1983)

The preparation of a series of 1-glutarylindoline-2(S)-carboxylic acid derivatives, 6a-v and 21a-c, is described. The above compounds were tested for inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme. The structure-activity relationship of the series is also discussed. Compound 6u, the most potent member of the series, had an in vitro IC50 of 4.8 X 10(-9) M. Compound 6v, an ethyl ester of 6u, lowered blood pressure 70 mm in spontaneous hypertensive rats at an oral dose of 30 mg/kg.
A closer look at note taking in the co-located collaborative visual analytics process (2010)

This paper highlights the important role that record-keeping (i.e. taking notes and saving charts) plays in collaborative data analysis within the business domain. The discussion of record-keeping is based on observations from a user study in which co-located teams worked on collaborative visual analytics tasks using large interactive wall and tabletop displays. Part of our findings is a collaborative data analysis framework that encompasses note taking as one of the main activities. We observed that record-keeping was a critical activity within the analysis process. Based on our observations, we characterize notes according to their content, scope, and usage, and describe how they fit into a process of collaborative data analysis. We then discuss suggestions for the design of collaborative visual analytics tools.
Breast cancer biomarkers in clinical testing: analysis of a UK national external quality assessment scheme for immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation database containing results from 199 300 patients (2018)

We describe a collated data set of results from clinical testing of breast cancers carried out between 2009 and 2016 in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. More than 199 000 patient biomarker data sets, together with clinicopathological parameters were collected. Our analyses focused on human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), with the aim of the study being to provide robust confirmatory evidence on known associations in these biomarkers and to uncover new data on previously undescribed or unconfirmed associations, thus strengthening the evidence-base in clinical breast cancer testing. Overall, 13.1% of tumours were HER2-positive; 10.6% in ER-positive tumours, and 25.5% in ER-negative tumours. Higher rates of HER2 positivity were significantly associated with patient age <56 years versus age ≥56 years, symptomatic versus screen-detected tumours, testing of involved axillary node versus primary breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified) versus other histological types, higher histological grade, increasing tumour size, increasing nodal involvement, ER-negative versus ER-positive tumour status, PR-negative versus PR-positive tumour status. Where ER status was known, 82.7% of tumours were ER-positive; 80.9% in women age <56 years, and 83.6% in those age ≥56 years (ER-positive cut-off ≥1.0% positive tumour cells or equivalent). Where PR status was known, 64.9% of tumours were PR-positive; 65.8% in women age <56 years, and 64.4% in women age ≥56 years (PR-positive cut off ≥10.0% or equivalent). These analyses of clinical test results provide contemporary benchmarking data for HER2, ER and PR positive rates.
Ionische Flüssigkeiten: Innovative Lösungsmittel für die Zweiphasenkatalyse (2003)

Abstract Ionische Flüssigkeiten sind bei niedrigen Temperaturen schmelzende Salze, die eine neuartige Klasse von Lösungsmitteln mit nichtmolekularem, ionischem Charakter darstellen. Durch unterschiedliche Kation/Anion‐Kombinationen können Flüssigkeiten mit sehr unterschiedlichen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften erhalten werden. Durch eine gezielte Auswahl kann das ionische Medium auf die geplante Anwendung hin optimiert werden. Ionische Flüssigkeiten sind als alternative Lösungsmittel für katalytische Reaktionen aus vielen Gründen interessant: Ihre nichtflüchtige Natur bietet verfahrenstechnische Vorteile und ihre außergewöhnlichen Löslichkeitseigenschaften erlauben neue Anwendungen der Zweiphasenkatalyse.
Five-Phase IPMSM: Torque Density Improvement by Third Harmonic Injection (2020)

Five-phase machines were suggested as an optimum in literature to improve the torque density of electrical machines. This target can be reached by a suitable third harmonic phase current injection which leads to a better utilization of the active machine parts especially the lamination material. Hence, a fivephase IPMSM was designed, built and validated to prove the torque influence by using the third harmonic. After a basic system description this paper shows a reasonable machine design with concentrated windings to use additionally to the fundamental also the third harmonic for torque production. Following, this paper is completed by presenting the used validation process and the comparison of simulation and measurement results.
epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid Plasma Levels During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1997)

epsilon-Aminocaproic acid (EACA) concentrations achieved during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have not been previously reported. It is unknown whether plasma concentrations reported to inhibit fibrinolysis in vitro (130 micro g/mL) are achieved or whether differences in these levels relate to variability in postoperative bleeding. EACA (total intraoperative dose 270 mg/kg) was administered to 27 patients undergoing cardiac reoperation. The plasma EACA concentration was measured by using high-pressure liquid chromatography: 1) 30 min after initiation of drug administration (baseline); 2) 30 min (CPB + 30) after initiation of CPB; 3) 90 min after initiation of CPB. (CPB + 90); and 4) at cardiopulmonary bypass termination (end CPB). Plasma EACA concentrations (micro g/mL, min - max, mean +/- SD) were 276-998, 593 +/- 154 at baseline; 147-527, 302 +/- 95 at CPB + 30; 112-500, 314 +/- 100 at CPB + 90; and 84-537, 317 +/- 100 at end CPB. Twenty-four-hour postoperative thoracic drainage and allogeneic red blood cell transfusions were not associated with plasma levels at any time. Although plasma EACA concentrations greater than 130 micro g/mL were consistently achieved, we observed a marked variability (more than sixfold) in plasma concentrations and bleeding outcomes despite the use of a weight-based dosing regimen. This variability in drug levels appears to have little relevance to bleeding outcomes, possibly since mean plasma levels exceeded 130 micro g/mL during CPB, and nearly all patients (26 of 27) achieved that target level. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:248-51)
The ecological habitat and transmission ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 (2013)

Since its first description in 1982, the zoonotic life-threatening Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 has emerged as an important food- and water-borne pathogen that causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans. In the last decade, increases in E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks were associated with environmental contamination in water and through fresh produce such as green leaves or vegetables. Both intrinsic (genetic adaptation) and extrinsic factors may contribute and help E. coli O157:H7 to survive in adverse environments. This makes it even more difficult to detect and monitor food and water safety for public health surveillance. E. coli O157:H7 has evolved in behaviors and strategies to persist in the environment.
Establishing the Single-Phase Cooling Limit for Liquid-Cooled High Performance Electronic Devices (2020)

The objective of this paper is to establish the cooling limit for forced single-phase liquid-cooling of high performance electronic devices such as CPUs, FPGAs and GPUs. This limit is established based on the design and optimization of a liquid-cooled copper cold plate populated with microchannels, which is used to cool a single chip with uniform heat flux. A shape optimization strategy based on the RSM (response surface method) was used to minimize pressure drop and maximum chip case temperature. The effects of the fin thickness and channel spacing were captured by the numerical simulation. The optimization was performed for constant values of coolant flow rate and chip power. The influence of fin geometry, channel geometry total heat transfer surface area on the hydraulic and thermal performance of the heat sink was determined using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations at RSM design points. The optimum designs were achieved by minimizing a weighted objective function defined based on response parameters using the JAYA algorithm. Finally, a parametric study was performed to establish the thermal limit of the single-phase liquid-cooled heat sink within a constrained pressure drop of 10kPa. The best-performing heat sink shows a resistance 0.15 °C cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /W (based on chip area of 4cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The current proposed liquid-cooled heat sink can handle close to 170W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a thermal budget of 50°C from chip to the ambient under controlled pressure drop of less than 10 kPa.
Supplementary Figure 4 from <i>In Vivo</i> Detection of HSP90 Identifies Breast Cancers with Aggressive Behavior (2023)

&lt;p&gt;HSP90 surface expression on Breast Cancer Cell Lines&lt;/p&gt;
A provider-payor approach for determining value in the health reform era: Early reports on the mQure initiative. (2013)

255 Background: Determining value requires detailed measurement of clinical services and associated costs. In the health reform era value demonstration presents a challenge for both providers and payors: providers, unable to demonstrate value, will be unable to attract payors or patients and expand market share; payors, unable to choose the right providers, will lose opportunities to lower costs and raise quality. Methods: In July 2012, the Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) launched the mQure (MCC – Quality Understanding Research and Evidence) Initiative to (1) measure and improve clinical performance, (2) increase compliance to evidence-based/cost conscious cancer-care pathways, and (3) demonstrate value. We introduced Clinical Performance and Value (CPV) vignettes, a value measurement tool, to measure pathway adherence, determine diagnostic accuracy and appropriate use of diagnostic tools starting with breast and lung cancer. For selected performance items identified by the CPVs, we audited medical records directly. Results: Measurement revealed high value practices, for example, diagnostic accuracy, appropriate rates of biopsy and more accurate staging compared to other groups. Value determination led to one signed plus two pending payor partnerships to implement a shared savings contract, find ways to reduce utilization and explore creating payor-led networks. The focus on individual responsibility for adherence to evidence-based practices has had an unanticipated and seemingly paradoxical benefit of shifting the group to narrow practice variation thereby shifting providers to a more self-aware culture. An external benefit is that the value signal has led to discussions to form accountable care organization (ACO) networks for cancer care. Since mQure’s inception, MCC has created partnerships with 3 hospitals. Based on the breast cancer initiative alone, financial models indicate an estimated savings of up to $2 million annually that arise from higher quality, fewer unnecessary tests and improved pathway compliance. Conclusions: In just one year, the large scale mQure project has led to expanded provider partnerships, new quality-based arrangements with payors and the formation a specialty-ACO.
Electrical Remodeling in the Ventricle (2011)

Electrical remodeling is a persistent change in the electrophysiological properties of myocardium in response to a change in rate or activation sequence. Although it is well established that alterations in heart rate or activation sequence induce electrical remodeling in atria, heart rate and activation sequence-induced electrical remodeling in ventricle are poorly understood. This research shows that persistent changes in ventricular repolarization can be induced by surprisingly short periods of altered rate or activation sequence, and the nature of ventricular electrical remodeling induced by these two protocols is different. This research suggests a novel mechanism for triggering electrical remodeling in ventricle.
Accelerating metabolic models evaluation with statistical metamodels: application to Salmonella infection models (2023)

Mathematical and numerical models are increasingly used in microbial ecology to model the fate of microbial communities in their ecosystem. These models allow to connect in a mechanistic framework species-level informations, such as the microbial genomes, with macro-scale features, such as species spatial distributions or metabolite gradients. Numerous models are built upon species-level metabolic models that predict the metabolic behaviour of a microbe by solving an optimization problem knowing its genome and its nutritional environment. However, screening the community dynamics with these metabolic models implies to solve such an optimization problem by species at each time step, leading to a significant computational load further increased by several orders of magnitude when spatial dimensions are added. In this paper, we propose a statistical framework based on Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) metamodels that are used to provide fast approximations of the original metabolic model. The metamodel can replace the optimization step in the system dynamics, providing comparable outputs at a much lower computational cost. We will first build a system dynamics model of a simplified gut microbiota composed of a unique commensal bacterial strain in interaction with the host and challenged by a Salmonella infection. Then, the machine learning method will be introduced, and particularly the ANOVA-RKHS that will be exploited to achieve variable selection and model parsimony. A training dataset will be constructed with the original system dynamics model and hyper-parameters will be carefully chosen to provide fast and accurate approximations of the original model. Finally, the accuracy of the trained metamodels will be assessed, in particular by comparing the system dynamics outputs when the original model is replaced by its metamodel. The metamodel allows an overall relative error of 4.71% but reducing the computational load by a speed-up factor higher than 45, while correctly reproducing the complex behaviour occurring during Salmonella infection. These results provide a proof-of-concept of the potentiality of machine learning methods to give fast approximations of metabolic model outputs and pave the way towards PDE-based spatio-temporal models of microbial communities including microbial metabolism and host-microbiota-pathogen interactions.
Whole Body Animal Examination by Fluorescence Tomography (2006)

A fluorescent diffuse optical tomography instrument has been developed in our laboratory. Taking into account in-homogeneities, it allows whole body examination. Experimental results obtained with this system on mice deep lung tumours examination are presented.
Disturbance rejection properties for a 5G networked data flow delay controller (2017)

Radio transmission at millimeter wave carrier frequencies will be a central technology in the new 5G wireless systems that are in standardization. To obtain a sufficient coverage, multi-point transmission is needed to compensate for the severe radio shadowing that occurs at these frequencies. Incoming downlink data streams must then be split and sent on to the radio base stations over multiple data paths, often with different delay properties. This paper presents a new MIMO delay skew control algorithm that operates over these paths to secure simultaneous transmission over the corresponding wireless interfaces. This secures redundancy gains for ultra-reliable communication applications. The paper also presents an analysis of disturbance rejection and reference signal tracking properties, arriving at conditions that decouple these properties between the control channels. These conditions provide guidelines for network design.
Unified, Radical-Based Approach for the Synthesis of Spiroketals (2007)

[reaction: see text] Functionalization of S-(3-chloro-2-oxo-propyl)-O-ethyl xanthate 1 by two consecutive xanthate transfer reactions, followed by spirocyclization of the resulting dihydroxy ketones, provides a flexible and highly convergent access to diversely substituted spiroketals, containing five-, six-, and seven-membered rings.
Nanocomposites and Blends of Biocatalytically Synthesized Organosilicone Co-Polymers for Flame Retardant Applications (2009)

The great synthetic flexibility of organosilicone polymers, their ease of processing, low cost, and nontoxic nature present an attractive alternative solution over current flame retardant materials. Novozyme-435 catalyzed amidation reaction with silicone-based oligomer was carried out to scale up the synthesis of co-polymer which was fully characterized from its detailed spectroscopic studies. Synthesized co-polymer was compounded in polyolefins for flame retardant applications. Nanoclay [Cloisite 20A, 2C18 MMT (dimethylditallowammonium-/dimethyldioctadecylammonium-modified montmorillonite)] was used as a potential additive in co-polymer, which was then blended with polyolefins to improve their thermal as well as flame retardant properties. The present work provides an initial exciting basis for the enzymatic synthesis of silicon based co-polymers in bulk and their flame retardant applications.
Comparative genomics and transcriptomics of 4 Paragonimus species provide insights into lung fluke parasitism and pathogenesis (2020)

This report provides advances in molecular understanding of Paragonimus and underpins future studies into the biology, evolution, and pathogenesis of Paragonimus and related foodborne flukes. We anticipate that these novel genomic and transcriptomic resources will be invaluable for future lung fluke research.
4 × 240 Gb/s Dense WDM and PDM Kramers-Kronig Detection with 125-km SSMF Transmission (2017)

We demonstrate dense wavelength- and polarization-multiplexed (WDM/PDM) 125-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission using Kramers-Kronig receivers. The 4 × 240-Gb/s system at 5.3 bits/s/Hz on a 37.5-GHz grid is tolerant to a ±9-GHz filter frequency drift.
Epidemiology of Invasive Mold Infections in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Biological Risk Factors for Infection According to Time after Transplantation (2008)

Risk factors for invasive aspergillosis after allogeneic HSCT are multifactorial and differ according to timing after HSCT. Increased attention should be placed on understanding the immunopathogenesis of fungal disease after HSCT.
Characterization of a Novel Fucose-Regulated Promoter (PfcsK) Suitable for Gene Essentiality and Antibacterial Mode-of-Action Studies inStreptococcus pneumoniae (2003)

The promoter of the Streptococcus pneumoniae putative fuculose kinase gene (fcsK), the first gene of a novel fucose utilization operon, is induced by fucose and repressed by glucose or sucrose. When the streptococcal polypeptide deformylase (PDF) gene (def1, encoding PDF) was placed under the control of P(fcsK), fucose-dependent growth of the S. pneumoniae (P(fcsK)::def1) strain was observed, confirming the essential nature of PDF in this organism. The mode of antibacterial action of actinonin, a known PDF inhibitor, was also confirmed with this strain. The endogenous fuculose kinase promoter is a tightly regulated, titratable promoter which will be useful for target validation and for confirmation of the mode of action of novel antibacterial drugs in S. pneumoniae.
Computational Time Complexity for k-Sum Problem Amalgamated with Quantum Search (2023)

The k - Sum Problem, which is a generic member of the family of which 2 - Sum and 3 - Sum problems are the youngest siblings is one of the most interesting problems in the domain of Optimization Techniques. Many researchers have shown that the k - Sum problem can be solved in no less than the order of $n_{k-1}$. On the other side, many researchers have tried and have successfully minimized its Computational Complexity, though quite negligibly. But since any subtle method doesn’t exist to minimize its Computational Complexity by a major pie, the Query - “Can k - Sum problem be solved in $O(n_{k-1-\epsilon})$ for some $\epsilon \gt 0$ ” have been added in the list of UPCS (Unsolved Problems in Computer Science). In this article, we will effort to analyse the Complexity of Computing the $k - Sum$ problem, by exemplifying minimal bounds of Quantum Search, $\Omega\left(\frac{\sqrt[2]{\log _2 n}}{\log _2\left(\log _2 n\right)}\right)$ as stated by Buhrman. Now, one assumption that this minimal bound holds is that the element to be searched will be composed in some ordered manner. To extrude that, we will extend our work by making use of Grover’s Search, with Computational Complexity of the order, $O(\sqrt[2]{n})$, which is not known to make use of any prerequisite.
Circulating fibronectin affects bone matrix, whereas osteoblast fibronectin modulates osteoblast function (2009)

The bone matrix is composed mostly of collagen, but the initial and continuous presence of fibronectin was found to be crucial for collagen matrix integrity in vitro. It has been assumed that osteoblasts produce the fibronectin required for bone matrix formation. Using transgenic mice, we conditionally deleted fibronectin in the osteoblasts and in the liver using the cre-loxP system. We also used mice with mutated fibronectin and conditionally deleted beta(1)-integrin in osteoblasts to identify the receptor involved in fibronectin effects on osteoblasts. Conditional deletion of fibronectin in the differentiating osteoblasts [using the 2.3 kb collagen-alpha1(I) promoter] failed to show a decrease in fibronectin amount in the bone matrix despite evidence of successful deletion. Using these mice we established that osteoblast-derived fibronectin solely affects osteoblast function. This effect was not mediated by integrins that bind to the RGD motif. Conditional deletion of fibronectin in the liver showed a marked decrease in fibronectin content in the matrix associated with decreased mineral-to-matrix ratio and changed biomechanical properties but had no effect on osteoblasts or osteoclasts. In conclusion, osteoblast fibronectin affects osteoblasts function. This does not seem to be mediated by the RGD motif on fibronectin. In contrast, liver-derived fibronectin affects bone matrix properties without affecting osteoblast or osteoclast function. A novel role for liver-derived circulating fibronectin thus was defined and delineated from that of locally produced fibronectin.
Cell for making secondary batteries (2023)

The present invention provides all solid-state lithium and sodium batteries operating in the approximate temperature range of ambient to 145.degree. C. (limited by melting points of electrodes/electrolyte), with demonstrated energy and power densities far in excess of state-of-the-art high-temperature battery systems. The preferred battery comprises a solid lithium or sodium electrode, a polymeric electrolyte such as polyethylene oxide doped with lithium triflate (PEO.sub.8 LiCF.sub.3 SO.sub.3), and a solid-state composite positive electrode containing a polymeric organosulfur electrode, (SRS).sub.n, and carbon black, dispersed in a polymeric electrolyte.