gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 0.54 pJ/b 20 Gb/s Ground-Referenced Single-Ended Short-Reach Serial Link in 28 nm CMOS for Advanced Packaging Applications (2013)

High-speed signaling over high density interconnect on organic package substrates or silicon interposers offers an attractive solution to the off-chip bandwidth limitation problem faced in modern digital systems. In this paper, we describe a signaling system co-designed with the interconnect to take advantage of the characteristics of this environment to enable a high-speed, low area, and low-power die to die link. Ground-Referenced Signaling (GRS) is a single-ended signaling system that eliminates the major problems traditionally associated with single-ended design by using the ground plane as the reference and signaling above and below ground. This design employs a novel charge pump driver that additionally eliminates the issue of simultaneous switching noise with data independent current consumption. Silicon measurements from a test chip implementing two 16-lane links, with forwarded clocks, in a standard 28 nm process demonstrate 20 Gb/s operation at 0.54 pJ/bit over 4.5 mm organic substrate channels at a nominal 0.9 V power supply voltage. Timing margins at the receiver are <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${&gt;}$</tex></formula> 0.3 UI at a BER of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${&lt;}$</tex> </formula> 10 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{-12}$</tex> </formula> . We estimate BER <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${&lt;}$</tex> </formula> 10 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{-25}$</tex> </formula> at the eye center.
Diabetes regulates fructose absorption through thioredoxin-interacting protein (2016)

Metabolic studies suggest that the absorptive capacity of the small intestine for fructose is limited, though the molecular mechanisms controlling this process remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), which regulates glucose homeostasis in mammals, binds to fructose transporters and promotes fructose absorption by the small intestine. Deletion of <i>Txnip</i> in mice reduced fructose transport into the peripheral bloodstream and liver, as well as the severity of adverse metabolic outcomes resulting from long-term fructose consumption. We also demonstrate that fructose consumption induces expression of Txnip in the small intestine. Diabetic mice had increased expression of Txnip in the small intestine as well as enhanced fructose uptake and transport into the hepatic portal circulation. The deletion of <i>Txnip</i> in mice abolished the diabetes-induced increase in fructose absorption. Our results indicate that Txnip is a critical regulator of fructose metabolism and suggest that a diabetic state can promote fructose uptake.
C1-inhibitor for prophylaxis of xenograft rejection after pig to cynomolgus monkey kidney transplantation (2002)

We conclude that, in our model, supplemental C1-INH therapy together with a standard immunosuppressive regimen can be helpful for prevention of xenograft rejection in a pig to primate kidney xenotransplantation setting. The optimal dose and duration of C1-INH treatment, however, has yet to be determined.
Advanced PDC Technologies Deliver Significant Performance Improvements in the Pinedale Anticline Production Interval (2009)

Abstract A rigorous engineering and research effort combined with targeted field testing has delivered a new generation of PDC technology. This technology is intended to be utilized for the most technically challenging drilling applications across the globe. One of the first applications identified for this new technology was at the Pinedale anticline field in Sublette County, Wyoming. At Pinedale, the operator's directionally drilled development wells target interbedded fluvial sandstones and shales of the Lance Pool (Lance and Upper Mesaverde formations). Due to surface constraints, all wells are drilled directionally from centralized surface pads. To achieve uniform subsurface well-spacing, well trajectory is S-shaped, with all directional work occurring before the pay interval is encountered at approximately 8,500 ft MD. The pay interval is then drilled vertically utilizing 6 1/2-in. PDC bits to approximately 13,400 ft MD, with the final 1,000 ft frequently drilled with diamond-impregnated bits. The sequence of interbedded fluvial sandstones and shale comprising the Lance Pool presents a difficult drilling environment. The interval is characterized by moderate but erratic unconfined compressive strengths ranging from 10 to 20 ksi exacerbated by high overburden pressures and increased hydrostatic pressures from mud weights exceeding 15 lb/gal to control pore pressure and maintain formation stability. Confining compressive strengths approaching 100 ksi (excluding formation pressures) are not uncommon. These harsh drilling conditions have led to slow penetration rates and short bit runs utilizing conventional PDC designs. The authors will describe the technologies developed and included in the new PDC bits. These new technologies have reduced the time in this interval by more than 100 hours per well, a 25% improvement over previous designs. With eight rigs running, each rig drilling one well/month, the operator is seeing productivity gains worth 308 days of drilling time over a year's time.
Wound healing potential of sodium alginate-based topical gels loaded with a combination of essential oils, iron oxide nanoparticles and tranexamic acid (2023)

Abstract Wound management is a key feature in saving people’s lives, and regardless of the wound size, using appropriate wound dressing is crucial. Alginate-based topical gels loaded with 2 mL essential oils (eucalyptus, lavender and rosemary oil) in combination with 30 mg magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles and 70 mg tranexamic acid were prepared. Carbopol was used as a gelling agent and as a surfactant to disperse the EO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the successful formation of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the absence of a chemical interaction between the iron nanoparticles, tranexamic acid, essential oils and the gel matrix. The gel formulations displayed pH, spreadability and viscosity in the range of 6.8–7.2, 5.4–10.1 cm and viscosity (3444–1260 cp) after 120 s, respectively. The in vitro wound healing studies of the wound dressings revealed a wound closure of 99% on day 3. Their antibacterial and blood clotting potential was significant compared to the control. The wound healing capability of these formulations makes them potential wound dressings for treating bleeding and infected wounds.
Drag reduction by a flexible hairy coating (2022)

Abstract The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction by a flexible hairy coating was explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. A two-dimensional flexible hairy coating is constituted by multiple flexible filaments. A simulation of a cylinder without a hairy coating at a Reynolds number of 100 was also performed for comparison. The results of the simulations show good agreement with the experimental data by Niu &amp; Hu ( Phys. Fluids , vol. 23, 2011, 101701), where maximum drag reduction of 22% was attained at a particular length, bending rigidity, coating density and coating angle of the hairy coating. The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction was characterized in terms of the wake pattern, shape deformation and kinetic energy of the hairy coating. The effect of a non-uniform bending rigidity of the hairy coating on drag reduction was explored. A stable streamline shape of the hairy coating was found to delay the vortex formation and stabilize the recirculation zone, resulting in decreased form drag. Active flapping of the hairy coating with enhanced vortex shedding is adverse to drag reduction. A hairy coating with a stiff base and flexible trailing edge is beneficial to maintaining a stable shape.
Giant tunneling magnetoresistance and spin polarization in tunnel junctions and spin injectors (2005)

Superconducting tunneling spectroscopy (STS) was used in this study to determine the spin polarization in tunnel junctions and spin injectors. STS showed that the polarization of the tunneling current from the 3d transition metal ferromagnets (FM) through amorphous aluminum oxide tunnel barriers is about 40 to 50% and is largely independent of the FM crystal structure and orientation. However, the same 3d transition metal ferromagnets and their alloys, when formed in the bcc crystal structure, and in conjunction with crystalline magnesium oxide tunnel barriers exhibit much higher tunneling spin polarization values of up to /spl sim/85%. Also, MgO based tunnel spin injectors for semiconductor spintronics was discussed.
Thermo-mechanical challenges of advanced solar cell modules (2011)

This paper firstly summarizes the process flow developed at IMEC to integrate and interconnect thin back-contact solar cells into modules. Secondly, the process flow is simulated by Finite Element Modelling to determine critical process steps that may lead to early failures. A virtual Design of Experiment (DOE) is used to determine the best geometry and materials properties in order to minimise the induced stresses in the cells and the interconnections. The variables of this DOE are the silicon, the glue and the encapsulant thickness and the Elastic Modulus of the glue and encapsulant. The results of this DOE are presented in forms of Response Surface Models and it is observed that Young's Modulus of encapsulant and the thickness of the solar cells are the mayor contributors to the stresses in the silicon cells. Furthermore, an analysis of the changes in distance between adjacent cells at different temperatures indicates that the stiffness of the encapsulant material will play an important role on the mechanical behavior of the metallic solar cells interconnections.
High-Throughput Characterization and Optimization of Polyamide Hydrolase Activity Using Open Port Sampling Interface Mass Spectrometry (2023)

Enzymatic biodegradation of polymers, such as polyamides (PA), has the potential to cost-effectively reduce plastic waste, but enhancements in degradation efficiency are needed. Engineering enzymes through directed evolution is one pathway toward identification of critical domains needed for improving activity. However, screening such enzymatic libraries (100s-to-1000s of samples) is time-consuming. Here we demonstrate the use of robotic autosampler (PAL) and immediate drop on demand technology (I.DOT) liquid handling systems coupled with open-port sampling interface-mass spectrometry (OPSI-MS) to screen for PA6 and PA66 hydrolysis by 6-aminohexanoate-oligomer <i>endo</i>-hydrolase (nylon hydrolase, NylC) in a high-throughput (8-20 s/sample) manner. The OPSI-MS technique required minimal sample preparation and was amenable to 96-well plate formats for automated processing. Enzymatic hydrolysis of PA characteristically produced soluble linear oligomer products that could be identified by OPSI-MS. Incubation temperatures and times were optimized for PA6 (65 °C, 24 h) and PA66 (75 °C, 24 h) over 108 experiments. In addition, the I.DOT/OPSI-MS quantified production of PA6 linear dimer (8.3 ± 1.6 μg/mL) and PA66 linear monomer (13.5 ± 1.5 μg/mL) by NylC with a lower limit of detection of 0.029 and 0.032 μg/mL, respectively. For PA6 and PA66, linear oligomer production corresponded to 0.096 ± 0.018% and 0.204 ± 0.028% conversion of dry pellet mass, respectively. The developed methodology is expected to be utilized to assess enzymatic hydrolysis of engineered enzyme libraries, comprising hundreds to thousands of individual samples.
Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology (2006)

The structure, function and reactions of nucleic acids are central to molecular biology and are crucial for the understanding of complex biological processes involved. Revised and updated Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology 3rd Edition discusses in detail, both the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids and brings RNA into parity with DNA. Written by leading experts, with extensive teaching experience, this new edition provides some updated and expanded coverage of nucleic acid chemistry, reactions and interactions with proteins and drugs. A brief history of the discovery of nucleic acids is followed by a molecularly based introduction to the structure and biological roles of DNA and RNA. Key chapters are devoted to the chemical synthesis of nucleosides and nucleotides, oligonucleotides and their analogues and to analytical techniques applied to nucleic acids. The text is supported by an extensive list of references, making it a definitive reference source. This authoritative book presents topics in an integrated manner and readable style. It is ideal for graduate and undergraduates students of chemistry and biochemistry, as well as new researchers to the field.
A Stochastic Ordering Property for Leaky Bucket Regulated Flows in Packet Networks (2007)

We show in this paper that if a stationary traffic source is regulated by a leaky bucket with leak rate ρ and bucket size σ, then the amount of information generated in successive time intervals is dominated, in the increasing convex ordering sense, by that of a Poisson arrival process with rate ρ/σ, with each arrival bringing an amount of information equal to σ. By exploiting this property, we then show that the mean value in the stationary regime of the content of a buffer drained at constant rate and fed with the superposition of regulated flows is less than the mean value of the same buffer fed with an adequate Poisson process, whose characteristics depend upon the regulated input flows.
Detection of Shading of an Object in an Enclosure and its Application (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A human thermal comfort, which has been a subject of extensive research, is a principal objective of the climate control systems. Applying the results of research studies to practical problems requires quantitative information of the thermal environment parameters, such as the solar radiation. A photovoltaic-cell based sensor is commonly used in the automotive climate control systems for the measurement of solar radiation information. The erroneous information from the sensors can cause thermal discomfort. The erroneous measurement from sensors can be due to physical or environmental parameters. Shading of a solar sensor due to opaque vehicle body elements is one such environmental parameter that is known to give incorrect measurement. Analytical method that uses fundamental geometric principles is proposed to determine whether sensor is shaded, for a known location of the sun and for a given geometry of the vehicle passenger compartment. A corrective action to measured data when sensor is shaded that ensures thermal comfort is also presented.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Large-scale genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis (2021)

We present a large dataset allowing the analysis of the multiple contributing factors to AMR in S. suis. The high levels of AMR in S. suis that we observe are reflected by antibiotic usage patterns but our results confirm the potential for genomic data to aid in the fight against AMR.
Recent developments in profiling optical surfaces (1993)

To understand better the fabrication of optical surfaces and to be able to produce smoother, lower-scatter surfaces, we need to extend characterization techniques to shorter and longer surface spatial wavelengths beyond the conventional 1-µm to 1-mm region. Scanning probe microscopes are now available for profiling optical surfaces with height and lateral resolutions of a few atomic spacings. In this paper we report on measurements made with a Nanoscope II atomic force microscope on a variety of supersmoothoptical surfaces and compare these results with measurements made with a conventional stylus profiling instrument. Consistent results have been obtained. To cover the long-spatial-wavelength region, long-scan profilers can be used to measure surface waviness in the range from a few millimeters to a few centimeters with height sensitivities ~10 times better than conventional interferometers. The characterization of a Nanostep long-scan mechanical profiler is described, and examples of surface profiles taken on selected flat samples are given.
Structural elucidation of bipyridine helicate complexes and their precursors by NMR spectroscopy (2001)

Abstract 1 H and 13 C NMR assignments of bipyridine helicate complexes and their precursor ligands were achieved using gradient‐based homo‐ and hetero‐correlated 2D experiments. The observed trends in 1 H and 13 C chemical shift variations [Δδ(H) and Δδ(C)], on passing from the ligands to the complexes, are accounted for on the basis of MO evaluation of atomic charges. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Pegylated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as a therapeutic option in Parkinson's disease (2007)

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by a slowly progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The hematopoietic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) plays a crucial role in controlling the number of neutrophil progenitor cells. Its function is mediated via the G-CSF receptor, which is expressed not only on hematopoietic cells but also by dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), suggesting that G-CSF might be neuroprotective for dopaminergic neurons and a candidate molecule for the treatment of PD. Recently, we provided prove-of-principle that daily G-CSF (Filgrastim) application significantly reduces dopaminergic cell death in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. Indicating preservation of dopaminergic terminals in the striatum, G-CSF alleviated striatal dopamine depletion after MPTP application in G-CSF-treated mice. Consequently, we tested pharmacokinetically improved G-CSF variants (Pegfilgrastim), with an extended serum half-life compared to conventional G-CSF. Subcutaneous application of Pegfilgrastim only every 3rd day rescued about 50% of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons from MPTP – induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Thus, pharmacologically modified forms of G-CSF with a longer half-life could improve patient compliance and acceptance of G-CSF as a neuroprotective therapy for PD.
Avascular Necrosis Most Common Indication for Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (2010)

IV, case series.
Hydride phase formation in carbon supported palladium nanoparticle electrodes investigated using in situ EXAFS and XRD (2003)

In situ EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure), in situ XRD (X-ray diffraction) and electrochemical studies have been used to investigate the palladium hydride phases of carbon supported palladium nanoparticles as a function of applied potential. Electrochemical investigations showed an increase in the hydrogen to palladium ratio with an increasingly negative potential. The H/Pd ratio could be divided into four distinct regions, which described the palladium hydride phase present; the α-phase, a mixture of the α- and β-phases, the β-phase, and a hyperstoichiometric region. The β-hydride phase stoichiometry obtained from the electrochemical data corresponded to PdH. However, the composition obtained from the lattice expansions observed from the in situ EXAFS and XRD, 3.3% and 3.8%, correspond to compositions of PdH0.59 to PdH0.68. The excess hydrogen and hyperstoichiometric amounts found at more negative potentials are attributed to either spillover on to the carbon support or trapping and subsequent reoxidation of H2 in the porous electrode structure.
Gallium Arsenide IC Technology for Power Supplies on Chip (2015)

This paper presents a power IC technology platform based on AlGaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic field-effect transistors (pHEMTs) on a GaAs substrate. A quantitative assessment of a foundry-available 11-V GaAs pHEMT process indicates that owing to their superior material properties, the intrinsic figure of merit for pHEMT switching devices exhibits an order of magnitude improvement over state-of-the-art silicon NMOS transistors. The characterization results for GaAs pHEMTs with a breakdown voltage up to 47V are presented and shown to be comparable to GaN-based transistors for power switching applications. An integrated pHEMT DC-DC converter that can switch at frequencies above 100MHz is demonstrated. A 4.2-V pHEMT buck converter designed for envelope tracking applications is able to achieve 88% conversion efficiency at 100MHz.
Catheter-Related Bacteremia in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis (1998)

Letters1 April 1998Catheter-Related Bacteremia in Patients Undergoing HemodialysisKieren A. Marr, MD, Daniel J. Sexton, MD, and Kathryn B. Kirkland, MDKieren A. Marr, MDUniversity of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705Search for more papers by this author, Daniel J. Sexton, MDUniversity of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705Search for more papers by this author, and Kathryn B. Kirkland, MDUniversity of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-7-199804010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:All of the patients in our study met the clinical case definition of catheter-related bloodstream infection suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: isolation of the same microorganism from blood cultures obtained by venipuncture and drawn from the catheter in a patient with signs of sepsis and no source of bloodstream infection other than the catheter [1]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines further state that defervescence after removal of the catheter is indirect evidence of catheter-related infection in the absence of laboratory confirmation. Laboratory confirmation (which can be done by quantitative culture of ...References1. Guideline for prevention of intravascular device-related infections. Part 1: Intravascular device-related infections: an overview. The Hospital Infection Control Practices and Advisory Committcc. Am J Infect Control. 1996; 24:262-93. Google Scholar2. Capdevila JA, Segarra A, Planes AM, Ramirez-Arellano M, Pahissa A, Piera L, et al. Successful treatment of haemodialysis catheter-related sepsis without catheter removal. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1993; 8:231-4. Google Scholar3. Benoit JL, Carandang G, Sitrin M, Arnow PM. Intraluminal antibiotic treatment of central venous catheter infections in patients receiving parenteral nutrition at home. Clin Infect Dis. 1995; 21:1286-8. Google Scholar4. Krzywda EA, Andris DA, Edmiston CE, Quebbeman EJ. Treatment of Hickman catheter sepsis using antibiotic lock technique. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1995; 16:596-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kieren A. Marr, MD; Daniel J. Sexton, MD; Kathryn B. Kirkland, MDAffiliations: University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1998Volume 128, Issue 7Page: 600KeywordsAntibioticsBacteremiaBloodCathetersPhlebotomyResearch laboratoriesSafetySafety studiesSepsisStaphylococcus aureus ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...