gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal shoulder models: A technical review and proposals for research foci (2013)

Musculoskeletal shoulder models allow non-invasive prediction of parameters that cannot be measured, particularly the loading applied to morphological structures and neurological control. This insight improves treatment and avoidance of pathology and performance evaluation and optimisation. A lack of appropriate validation and knowledge of model parameters' accuracy may cause reduced clinical success for these models. Instrumented implants have recently been used to validate musculoskeletal models, adding important information to the literature. This development along with increasing prevalence of shoulder models necessitates a fresh review of available models and their utility. The practical uses of models are described. Accuracy of model inputs, modelling techniques and model sensitivity is the main technical review undertaken. Collection and comparison of these parameters are vital to understanding disagreement between model outputs. Trends in shoulder modelling are highlighted: validation through instrumented prostheses, increasing openness and strictly constrained, optimised, measured kinematics. Future directions are recommended: validation through focus on model sub-sections, increased subject specificity with imaging techniques determining muscle and body segment parameters and through different scaling and kinematics optimisation approaches.
Abstract 5130: Neuropilin-1 expression in breast, colorectal and lung cancer (2011)

Abstract Neuropilin-1 is a coreceptor for vascular endothelial growth factor, which is expressed by endothelial cells and tumor cells. Preclinical data suggest that targeting neuropilin-1 would directly inhibit tumor cell growth and invasion, in addition to suppressing angiogenesis with indirect suppression of tumor growth. A humanized monoclonal antibody to neuropilin-1 is currently being evaluated in a phase one clinical trial of patients with solid malignancies. The aim of this study was to characterize the in situ expression of neuropilin-1 in normal and neoplastic human tissues. A monoclonal antibody to human neuropilin-1 was generated and validated for immunohistochemistry by comparison with isotopic in situ hybridization data, use of formalin-fixed human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cell pellets transfected with neuropilin-1, western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR on microdissected pure cell populations. Neuropilin-1 expression was assessed in whole sections of 65 primary breast carcinomas, 95 primary colorectal adenocarcinomas and 80 primary non-small cell lung carcinomas. An additional 50 breast, colorectal and lung metastases were also evaluated. The neuropilin-1 monoclonal antibody showed appropriate reactivity by western blotting and in formalin-fixed cell pellet controls, with co-localization of protein (immunohistochemistry) and mRNA (in situ hybridization and laser-capture microdissection followed by quantitative RT-PCR). Immunoreactivity for neuropilin-1 was seen in endothelium from normal tissues adjacent cancer and 98 to 100% of primary and secondary carcinomas. Tumor cell expression of neuropilin-1 was also observed in 34% of primary non-small cell lung carcinomas and 6% of primary breast carcinomas, but no colorectal adenocarcinomas. This is the first comprehensive analysis of neuropilin-1 protein expression in neoplastic human tissue with validated reagents. The assay will inform the likely activity and toxicity of agents that target neuropilin-1 and warrants evaluation as a biomarker of anti-neuropilin-1 activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5130. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5130
Mode of action of MT110, a novel bispecific single-chain antibody construct of the BiTE class for treatment of adeno and squamous cell carcinoma expressing EpCAM (CD326) (2007)

C267 Bispecific single-chain antibody constructs of the BiTE class can redirect unstimulated human T cells to efficiently lyse target cells at low picomolar concentrations. This T cell-mediated lysis does not require a specific T cell receptor, peptide antigen processing or MHC class I molecules with the promise that major immune escape mechanisms of cancer cells do not limit the efficacy of BiTE molecules. MT110 is an EpCAM/CD3-bispecific single-chain antibody construct with high potency against EpCAM-positive human carcinoma lines in vitro. In vivo, eradication in immunodeficient mice of established tumors from human cell lines and of authentic tumor tissue of patients by low µg-doses of MT110 has been reported. EpCAM (CD326) is a well studied tumor-associated antigen that is frequently expressed at high levels on a great variety of human adeno and squamous cell carcinoma.  Here we have studied the mode of action of MT110 with respect to redirected lysis and T cell activation. Under optimal conditions, redirected lysis of human cancer cells reached completion after 48 h. During this period, previously unstimulated T cells became strongly activated and dramatically increased their cytolytic potential. This was evident by the upregulation of granzyme and perforin expression in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a concomitant drop in the concentration required for maximal redirected tumor cell lysis (EC50 value). T cell activation by MT110, as monitored by expression of CD25, was absolutely dependent on the presence of target cells.  Pharmacological studies demonstrated that redirected lysis by MT110 was primarily mediated by the calcium-dependent pore protein perforin. The extracellular calcium chelator EGTA completely prevented redirected target cell lysis. In a dose-dependent fashion, MT110 induced the activation of pro-caspases 3 and 7 in target cells consistent with the injection of procaspase-inducing granzymes by BiTE-activated T cells. However, the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK could not efficiently reduce redirected lysis as determined by nuclear uptake of propidium iodide. An alternative pathway of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the Fas/Fas ligand system, did apparently not play a major role in the mode of MT110 action.  Our analysis explains how previously unstimulated T cells can engage in redirected target cell lysis by MT110 and how they can accelerate their lytic activity during the kill reaction. Perforin, a component of cytotoxic granules of T cells, appears to play a key role in lysis of tumor cells by MT110-activated T cells.
Rate and Mechanism of the Oxidative Addition of Benzoic Anhydride to Palladium(0) Complexes in DMF (2002)

The rate constant of the oxidative addition of the benzoic anhydride (PhCO)2O to [Pd0(PPh3)4] has been determined in DMF and compared to that of phenyl halides and phenyl triflate. The following reactivity order has been established: PhI >> (PhCO)2O > PhOTf > PhBr. The oxidative addition of (PhCO)2O proceeds by activation of one C−O bond. Two acyl-PdII complexes are formed: a neutral complex trans-[(PhCO)Pd(OCOPh)(PPh3)2] and a cationic complex trans-[(PhCO)PdS(PPh3)2]+ (S = DMF) showing that the decarbonylation process is highly endergonic. The exchange of PPh3 by the bidentate ligand dppp does not favor the decarbonylation process.
Effect of Machining Parameters and Tool Wear on Surface Uniformity in Micro-Milling (2018)

In micro-milling, the periodically varying chip thickness, which varies with tool rotation, leads to varying degrees of minimum chip thickness effect and ploughing effect during surface generation. This results in a change of roughness in the cross-sectional direction of the micro-grooves, giving a non-uniform surface quality. However, the factors influencing surface uniformity in micro-milling are not fully understood. In the present work, the effect of the machining parameters and tool wear on surface uniformity in micro-milling is theoretically and experimentally studied. A mathematical model is proposed to predict the varying surface roughness in the cross-sectional direction of the micro-grooves, which is experimentally validated by fabricating a set of 800 µm wide micro-grooves. The theoretical and experimental results reveal that, compared to the normally adopted Ra or Sa, the relative standard deviation of roughness (RSDS) is more appropriate to evaluating surface uniformity. When machining under small feed rates and small cutting depths, the surface uniformity deteriorates as the feed rate increases and improves as the cutting depth increases. The blunt cutting edge induced by tool wear enhances the surface uniformity and increases the surface roughness at the same time. This research furthers understanding of the various cutting mechanisms in micro-milling and can be applied to the optimization of machining parameters in micro-milling.
Modulatory Effects of Thyroxine Treatment on Central and Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in the Rat (1986)

The effects of 10 days of D-thyroxine (T4) treatment on central benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors in the brain and on peripheral-type BZ binding sites in the heart, kidney, and testis of rats were studied. The experimental hyperthyroidism resulted in an increase in the density of cortical central BZ receptors, without any alteration of the affinity of the receptors to [3H]flunitrazepam. The increase in cortical central BZ receptors was also accompanied by the up-regulation of peripheral BZ binding sites in the heart, kidney, and testis. The affinity of the peripheral BZ binding sites for the ligand [3H]PK 11195 was not affected by T4 treatment in any of these three organs. The increase in the density of brain cortical central BZ receptors was less prominent than the increase in the peripheral BZ binding sites. The modulatory effect of T4 treatment on central and peripheral BZ receptors might be attributed to the direct interaction of the thyroid hormone at these sites or might reflect a physiological compensatory adaptation mechanism to thyrotoxicosis associated with hypermetabolism, anxiety, and stress.
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of manganese complexes of macrobicyclic lacunar ligands and their reactions with dioxygen species (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, characterization, and properties of manganese complexes of macrobicyclic lacunar ligands and their reactions with dioxygen speciesNorman Herron and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 23, 3470–3475Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00165a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00165a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autostereoscopic 3-D video display using multiple light beams with scanning (2000)

An autostereoscopic 3-D displaying technique that uses fan-likely placed multiple light beams in a light array with 2-D raster scanning is proposed. This technique is capable of displaying multiple perspective views at high resolution because the number of views only depends on the number of light beams, while the number of light beams does not depend on the resolution of each view. Moreover, dozens or hundreds of perspective views at an angular interval narrower than one degree can be produced if small light sources are used. On the basis of this technique, an experimental 3-D display system capable of producing 45-view video images at an angular interval of 0.5 degrees at a time is developed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated by using this system.
A Second Law Approach to Exhaust System Optimization (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A model has been constructed that applies second law analysis to a Fanno formulation of the exhaust process of a turbocharged diesel engine. The model has been used to quantify available energy destruction at the valve and in the manifold and to study the influence of various system parameters on the relative magnitude of these exhaust system losses.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The model formulation and its application to the optimization of the exhaust manifold diameter is discussed. Data are then presented which address the influence of the manifold friction, turbine efficiency, turbine power extraction, valve flow area, compression ratio, speed, load and air-fuel ratio on the available energy destruction in the exhaust system.&lt;/div&gt;
Use of Monolithic Tunable Laser Diodes for Chirped Pulse Amplification in Fiber Amplifiers (1994)

Here we study the use of tunable three-section distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) diode lasers as pulse sources for chirped pulse amplification (CPA) in a fiber amplifier. The broad continuous-tuning range of the laser allows the generation of nanosecond linearly chirped pulses, which are amplified in a fiber amplifier up to microjoule energies and then compressed to transform-limited subpicosecond duration. The energy of these ultrashort pulses is more than two orders of magnitude higher than any previously reported energies from a compact diode laser and fiber source.
Hydrogen Barrier Layer Against Silicon Oxidation during Atomic Layer Deposition of Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] and HfO[sub 2] (2007)

Growth at moderate temperatures, below , is shown to prevent interfacial silicon oxidation during atomic layer deposition of high-permittivity (high-κ) gate dielectrics on hydrogen-terminated Si(100). Trimethylaluminum, employed for aluminum oxide growth, leaves the hydrogen layer completely intact. Tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium partially scavenges the hydrogen layer during hafnium oxide nucleation, resulting in an interface composed of H-terminated silicon atoms and Si–O–Hf bridges. In both cases, high-κ dielectrics are grown without formation of interfacial . Once grown at low temperatures, subnanometer layers effectively prevent interfacial formation during subsequent growth at higher temperatures required for optimum high-κ quality. This two-step deposition scheme may thereby be useful for gate-stack scaling.
Minor Histocompatibility Antigens (1999)

With the widespread application of solid tissue and bone marrow transplantation as a treatment for an array of life threatening disorders, there is a pressing need for clinicians and experimentalists to understand the basis of immunological rejection of tissue transplants. While much previous work focuses on characterization of antigens encoded by
Abstract 1889: Can the moonlighting glycolytic enzyme α-enolase be a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. (2013)

Abstract Aberrant metabolism together with invasion and metastasis are hallmarks of cancer. This is particularly true for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), characterized by rapid progression, invasiveness and resistance to treatments. We have previously described α-enolase (ENOA) as a PDAC-associated antigen. It is a moonlighting protein that works both as a key metabolic enzyme and as a membrane plasminogen receptor. In order to clarify its multifunctional role in pancreatic tumorigenesis we investigated the effect of ENOA knockdown in PDAC cells. Protein expression alterations following ENOA knockdown in the human PDAC cell line CFPAC-1 were revealed by LC-MS/MS analysis. On the basis of a spectra count label-free quantitation approach a large number of proteins mainly involved in cell adhesion, metabolism and proliferation were found to be differentially expressed in ENOA silenced cells compared to the control. After ENOA silencing, PDAC cells displayed a delay in proliferation and decreased survival and colony formation capabilities, even if the pyruvate production was not affected. The growth inhibition was partially due to an increased concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly generated through the sorbitol and NADPH oxidase pathways. Moreover in ENOA silenced cells, the in vitro plasminogen-driven invasion was abolished and the number of lung tumor masses was significantly reduced in SCID-beige mice injected with ENOA silenced cells compared to mice injected with control cells. These effects are under further confirmation in other PDAC cell lines. All together, these findings propose ENOA as a promising target for developing new therapies in pancreatic cancer management. Citation Format: Michela Capello, Moitza Principe, Michelle Samuel Chattaragada, Chiara Riganti, Weidong Zhou, Sammy Ferri-Borgogno, Simona Rolla, Lance Liotta, Emanuel Petricoin, Paola Cappello, Francesco Novelli. Can the moonlighting glycolytic enzyme α-enolase be a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1889. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1889
Experimental and FEA evaluation of membrane-type locally resonant acoustic metamaterial arrays for aircraft interior sound insulation (2011)

Metamaterials have emerged as promising solutions for manipulation of sound waves in a variety of applications. Locally resonant acoustic materials (LRAM) decrease sound transmission by 500 % over acoustic mass law predictions at peak transmission loss (TL) frequencies with minimal added mass, making them appealing for weight-critical applications such as aerospace structures. TL of single-celled and multi-celled LRAM was measured with systematic variation in geometric parameters to understand the effects of each parameter on acoustic response. FEA was also used to predict TL as a function of frequency for structures with varying complexity. Stacked LRAM panels were evaluated to produce structures with both increased TL magnitude and multi-peak profiles. Finally, dynamic response of the single-cell and array structures under discrete frequency excitation was examined using laser vibrometry to understand the mechanism of sound insulation and to verify negative dynamic mass behavior.
A triple-band printed dipole antenna using parasitic elements (2005)

In this paper, a triple-band printed dipole antenna using parasitic elements is proposed for multiple wireless services. The proposed antenna is designed and experimentally analyzed at the PCS, IMT-2000, and ISM bands. To achieve triple-frequency operation, the proposed antenna has a printed dipole structure with two parasitic elements, which act as additional resonators by coupling from the driving dipole antenna. From the measured results, the resonant frequencies of this antenna are 1.79, 2.03, and 2.41 GHz, and the measured impedance bandwidths are 90 MHz (1760–1850 MHz), 210 MHz (1930–2130 MHz), and 30 MHz (2400–2430 MHz) for VSWR < 2. The measured gains are 2.14, 0.9, and 0.5 dBi, respectively. The antenna parameters for triple-band operation are investigated and several antenna characteristics are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 221–223, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21129
Editorial: central obesity is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B on anti‐viral therapy (2021)

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Fan et al and Fan &amp; Hou papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16469 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16548
Implementations of Custom Sonar Instruments for Binary Gas Mixture and Flow Analysis in the ATLAS Experiment at the CERN LHC (2016)

Precision ultrasonic measurements in binary gas systems provide continuous real-time monitoring of mixture composition and flow. Using custom microcontroller-based electronics, we have developed sonar instruments, with numerous potential applications, capable of making continuous high-precision sound velocity measurements. The instrument measures sound transit times along two opposite directions aligned parallel to - or obliquely crossing - the gas flow. The difference between the two measured times yields the gas flow rate while their average gives the sound velocity, which can be compared with sound velocity vs. molar composition look-up curves to obtain the binary mixture at a given temperature and pressure. The look-up curves may be generated from prior measurements in known mixtures of the two components, from theoretical calculations, or from a combination of the two. We describe the instruments and their performance within numerous applications in the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The instruments can be of interest in other areas where continuous in-situ binary gas analysis and flowmetry are required.
A Plant Mitochondrial Sequence Transcribed in Transgenic Tobacco Chloroplasts Is Not Edited (1995)

RNA editing occurs in two higher-plant organelles, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Because chloroplasts and mitochondria exhibit some similarity in editing site selection, we investigated whether mitochondrial RNA sequences could be edited in chloroplasts. We produced transgenic tobacco plants that contained chimeric genes in which the second exon of a Petunia hybrida mitochondrial coxII gene was under the control of chloroplast gene regulatory sequences. coxII transcripts accumulated to low or high levels in transgenic chloroplasts containing chimeric genes with the plastid ribosomal protein gene rps16 or the rRNA operon promoter, respectively. Exon 2 of coxII was chosen because it carries seven editing sites and is edited in petunia mitochondria even when located in an abnormal context in an aberrant recombined gene. When editing of the coxII transcripts in transgenic chloroplasts was examined, no RNA editing at any of the usual sites was detected, nor was there any novel editing at any other sites. These results indicate that the RNA editing mechanisms of chloroplasts and mitochondria are not identical but must have at least some organelle-specific components.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 as a Novel Prognostic Factor in NSCLC Patients with Adenocarcinoma Histology and Its Potential Contribution to Therapy Resistance (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 as a Novel Prognostic Factor in NSCLC Patients with Adenocarcinoma Histology and Its Potential Contribution to Therapy Resistance