gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The α1a-Adrenergic Receptor Occupies Membrane Rafts with Its G Protein Effectors but Internalizes via Clathrin-coated Pits (2007)

The alpha(1a)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(1a)AR) occupies intracellular and plasma membranes in both native and heterologous expression systems. Based on multiple independent lines of evidence, we demonstrate the alpha(1a)AR at the cell surface occupies membrane rafts but exits from rafts following stimulation. In non-detergent raft preparations, basal alpha(1a)AR is present in low density membrane rafts and colocalizes with its G protein effectors on density gradients. Raft disruption by cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin eliminates these light rafts. To confirm the presence of the alpha(1a)AR in plasma membrane rafts, fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements were used to demonstrate colocalization of surface receptor and the raft marker, cholera toxin B. This colocalization was largely lost following alpha(1a)AR stimulation with phenylephrine. Similarly, receptor stimulation causes exit of the alpha(1a)AR from light rafts within 3-10 min in contrast to the G proteins, which largely remain in light rafts. Importantly, this delayed exit of the alpha(1a)AR suggests acute receptor signaling and desensitization occur entirely within rafts. Interestingly, both confocal analysis and measurement of surface alpha(1a)AR levels indicate modest receptor internalization during the 10 min following stimulation, suggesting most of the receptor has entered non-raft plasma membrane. Nevertheless, activation does increase the rate of receptor internalization as does disruption of rafts with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, suggesting raft exit enables internalization. Confocal analysis of surface-labeled hemagglutinin-alpha(1a)AR reveals that basal and stimulated receptor occupies clathrin pits in fixed cells consistent with previous indirect evidence. The evidence presented here strongly suggests the alpha(1a)AR is a lipid raft protein under basal conditions and implies agonist-mediated signaling occurs from rafts.
5‐AMINOVALERIC ACID INTERACTIONS WITH GABAA AND GABAB RECEPTORS IN GUINEA‐PIG ILEUM (1985)

The potential interaction of 5-aminovaleric acid (5-AVA) on GABAA and GABAB receptors was investigated on the guinea-pig isolated ileum myenteric plexus preparation. In the unstimulated preparation 5-AVA (0.1-3 mM) produced a transient contraction which was abolished by previous exposure to picrotoxin (0.1 mM), atropine (3 microM) or tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM). Cross desensitization was observed between the contractile effects of 5-AVA and GABA, while a previous exposure to (+/-)-baclofen did not affect 5-AVA induced contractions. 5-AVA antagonized the relaxant effect of (+/-)-baclofen in unstimulated preparations. 5-AVA (1 mM) had no effect on amplitude of twitches in supramaximally stimulated preparations while GABA produced a concentration related inhibition. In the presence of 5-AVA (1 mM) the concentration response curve to GABA was shifted to the right without a reduction of the maximal effect attainable. These observations indicate that 5-AVA interacts with both GABAA and GABAB receptors in guinea-pig ileum. The concentrations required to observe a GABAA effect are of the same order as those which are effective in producing a blockade of GABAB mediated responses.
Tunable on-chip inductors up to 5 GHz using patterned permalloy laminations (2006)

This paper presents the design criteria, processing techniques, and measurement results for an on-chip inductor that uses a permalloy (Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> ) film to achieve a tunable reactance. Eddy currents and ferromagnetic resonance are suppressed in the thin permalloy film using patterning and laminations to enable operation in the RF range. Measurements results show a 40% increase in inductance, a 15% tuning range, and a Q between 5 and 11 up to 5 GHz
Mechanoactive Tenogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2008)

A mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seeded collagen gel under static or dynamic tension is a well-established model to study the potential of MSCs in regenerating a tendon- or ligament-like tissue. Using this model, upregulation of fibrillar collagen mRNA expression and protein production has been demonstrated in response to cyclic tensile mechanical stimulation. However, the mechanisms driving MSC tenogenesis (differentiation into tendon or ligament fibroblasts) have not been elucidated. This study investigated the mechanisms of tenogenesis of human bone marrow-derived MSCs in a dynamic, three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineering model by investigating the effects of cyclic stretching on matrix production and gene expression of candidate tendon and ligament markers. The 3D MSC tenogenesis culture system upregulated scleraxis, but cyclic stretching was required to maintain expression of this putative tendon marker over time. Enhanced tendinous neo-tissue development demonstrated with extracellular matrix staining was largely due to changes in matrix deposition and remodeling activity under dynamic loading conditions, as evidenced by differential regulation of matrix metalloproteinases at a transcriptional level with minimal changes in collagen mRNA levels. Regulation of Wnt gene expression with cyclic stimulation suggested a similar role for Wnt4 versus Wnt5a in tenogenesis as in cartilage development. This first report of the potential involvement of matrix remodeling and Wnt signaling during tenogenesis of human MSCs in a dynamic, 3D tissue-engineering model provides insights into the mechanisms of tenogenesis in a mechanoactive environment and supports the therapeutic potential of adult stem cells.
Invariant Extended Kalman Filter Applied to Tracking for Air Traffic Control (2019)

In this paper, a recent target model expressed in intrinsic coordinates and based on the Frenet-Serret frame is reviewed. The associated variant of the EKF suited to track the corresponding state, and called the Invariant Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) is also reviewed. Our main contribution is to apply those recent tools to Air Traffic Control (ATC) situations. For ATC application, a good precision on the velocity vector is critical, especially its direction (i.e., the heading of the plane), to display a coherent view of the situation in the sky to the operator. This filter is implemented in a realistic ATC tracking chain to test the algorithm under realistic conditions, when inserted in the complete tracking pipeline. The new filter proposed is then compared to an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with a constant velocity target model, which is fairly simple but widely used in practice for ATC. We show the results are improved, especially during turns .
Identification of Amino Acid Residues of the T-Cell Epitope ofMycobacterium tuberculosisα Antigen Critical for Vβ11+Th1 Cells (1999)

Stimulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-primed lymph node cells from C57BL/6 mice with alpha antigen (also known as antigen 85B and MPT59) induced cell proliferation, production of interleukin 2 and gamma interferon, and expansion of Vbeta11(+) CD4(+) T cells in conjunction with antigen-presenting cells in an I-A(b)-restricted manner. Using a series of 15-amino-acid peptides that overlapped each other by 5 amino acids and spanned the mature alpha antigen, we identified the antigenic epitope for alpha antigen-specific Vbeta11(+) Th1 cells. That peptide (peptide-25), which corresponds to amino acid residues 240 to 254 of alpha antigen, contains a motif that is conserved in I-A(b) and requires processing by antigen-presenting cells. Using peptide-25-reactive Vbeta11(+) T-cell clones and substituted peptide-25 mutants, we determined which amino acid residues within peptide-25 were critical for T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition. Our results showed that the amino acid residues at positions 245, 246, 248, 250, and 251 are important for recognition of TCRVbeta11 and that residues at positions 244, 247, 249, and 252 are I-A(b) contact residues. We also observed that active immunization of C57BL/6 mice with peptide-25 can lead to decreased bacterial load in the lungs of M. tuberculosis H37Rv-infected mice. These results should provide us with a useful tool for delineating the regulation of Vbeta11(+) Th1-cell development during M. tuberculosis infection and for developing a vaccine inducing a Th1-dominant immune response.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Tumor-Specific Isoform Switch of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Underlies the Mesenchymal and Malignant Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 461K, Isoform switch in FGFR1, 3 is not detected in ccRCC, and FGFR2 switch is not found in breast cancer&lt;/p&gt;
Triply Helical Giant Domain with Homochirality in a Terpolymer Blend System (2021)

Hexagonally packed coaxial triply helical domains with a mesoscopic length scale in matrices were created from an S<sub>1</sub>IS<sub>2</sub>P tetrablock terpolymer/S<sub>h</sub> homopolymer blend system, wherein S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>, and S<sub>h</sub> denote polystyrene, I is polyisoprene, and P represents poly(2-vinylpyridine). Two terpolymers, i.e., S<sub>1</sub>IS<sub>2</sub>P-3 (S<sub>1</sub>/I/S<sub>2</sub>/P = 0.50/0.17/0.19/0.14, <i>M</i> = 134<i>k</i>) and S<sub>1</sub>IS<sub>2</sub>P-4 (S<sub>1</sub>/I/S<sub>2</sub>/P = 0.58/0.16/0.10/0.16, <i>M</i> = 173<i>k</i>), were blended with S<sub>h</sub> (<i>M</i> = 3<i>k</i>) at various concentrations. In the S<sub>1</sub>IS<sub>2</sub>P-3/S<sub>h</sub> = 80/20 blend, the helical domain of P (o.d.= 19 nm; h.p. = 34 nm) was displayed by TEM, and the helical I phase (o.d. = 55 nm; i.d. = 29 nm; h.p. = 34 nm) was clearly demonstrated by 3D-TEM tomography. Essentially the same structure was confirmed to be created from the S<sub>1</sub>IS<sub>2</sub>P-4/S<sub>h</sub> blend. These findings point out that S<sub>2</sub> chains fill the gap between the I and P helices, and hence the intermediate S phase also has a helical nature. Moreover, it is worth noting that grains composed of hexagonally packed helices reveal homochirality.
Extending the capabilities of the portable chemical parameter spectrometer to identification of up to 100 compounds (1986)

An algorithm has been developed that will extend the capability of the Chemical Parameter Spectrometer (CPS) to identification of any one of up to 100 compounds. The algorithm divides a given set of compounds into smaller subsets according to empirical criteria such as initial sensor responses, generation of an electro-reducing signal, and rates of decay of sensor signals after discontinuance of a tested compound. These features are used to first assign an unknown compound to an appropriate subset and thereafter to identify it using a pattern-matching algorithm. This branching greatly reduces the computation time and the probability of misidentifications.
In-Situ Formation of Biodegradable Hydrogels by Stereocomplexation of PEG−(PLLA)8 and PEG−(PDLA)8 Star Block Copolymers (2006)

Eight-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lactide), PEG-(PLLA)(8), and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D-lactide), PEG-(PDLA)(8), star block copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of either L-lactide or D-lactide at room temperature in the presence of a single-site ethylzinc complex and 8-arm PEG (M(n) = 21.8 x 10(3) or 43.5 x 10(3)) as a catalyst and initiator, respectively. High lactide conversions (>95%) and well-defined copolymers with PLLA or PDLA blocks of the desired molecular weights were obtained. Star block copolymers were water-soluble when the number of lactyl units per poly(lactide) (PLA) block did not exceed 14 and 17 for PEG21800-(PLA)(8) and PEG43500-(PLA)(8), respectively. PEG-(PLA)(8) stereocomplexed hydrogels were prepared by mixing aqueous solutions with equimolar amounts of PEG-(PLLA)(8) and PEG-(PDLA)(8) in a polymer concentration range of 5-25 w/v % for PEG21800-(PLA)(8) star block copolymers and of 6-8 w/v % for PEG43500-(PLA)(8) star block copolymers. The gelation is driven by stereocomplexation of the PLLA and PDLA blocks, as confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments. The stereocomplexed hydrogels were stable in a range from 10 to 70 degrees C, depending on their aqueous concentration and the PLA block length. Stereocomplexed hydrogels at 10 w/v % polymer concentration showed larger hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains as compared to 10 w/v % single enantiomer solutions, as determined by cryo-TEM. Correspondingly, dynamic light scattering showed that 1 w/v % solutions containing both PEG-(PLLA)(8) and PEG-(PDLA)(8) have larger "micelles" as compared to 1 w/v % single enantiomer solutions. With increasing polymer concentration and PLLA and PDLA block length, the storage modulus of the stereocomplexed hydrogels increases and the gelation time decreases. Stereocomplexed hydrogels with high storage moduli (up to 14 kPa) could be obtained at 37 degrees C in PBS. These stereocomplexed hydrogels are promising for use in biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering, because they are biodegradable and the in-situ formation allows for easy immobilization of drugs and cells.
Methylene blue reverses endotoxin-induced hypotension. (1994)

Hypotension in septic shock is a reflection of unregulated nitric oxide (NO) production and vascular smooth muscle guanylyl cyclase activation. We examined the effect of methylene blue on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock in anesthetized rabbits. Shock was induced with 150 micrograms/kg LPS after measurement of mean arterial pressure, platelet cGMP, and total plasma NO (nitrogen monoxide+S-nitrosothiol) content. Measurements were repeated before and after the intravenous administration of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg methylene blue in response to a 55% reduction in mean arterial pressure. At baseline, mean +/- SEM arterial pressure was 88 +/- 3 mm Hg, which fell to 51 +/- 3 mm Hg after LPS (P < .05). Methylene blue at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg produced a prompt dose-dependent increase in mean arterial pressure to 69 +/- 2, 77 +/- 3, and 81 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively (P < .05 versus mean arterial pressure after LPS) in association with normalization of plasma total NO content (P < .05); however, methylene blue did not significantly affect intraplatelet cGMP levels. Thus, methylene blue restores normal arterial pressure in rabbits with septic shock. This effect is associated with persistent elevation of intraplatelet cGMP levels and normalization of total plasma NO content. These data are consistent with methylene blue-mediated inhibition of NO synthase and/or degradation of NO in this model and suggest a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of septic shock.
Does 2-D spatial hyperacuity exist? (1985)

In most spatial hyperacuity tasks, a measure of relative position can be computed, when superior precision for just one spatial coordinate is available. We have designed a 2-D nonalignment task wherein subjects have to localize a dot relative to the virtual intersection of vertical and horizontal directions defined by two line segments. This task can be executed if and only if the subject extracts both spatial coordinates of the dot with hyperacuity precision. The lines were 15 min of arc long and separated from the dot by gaps of 8 min of arc. A 4AFC measurement paradigm (top-left; bottom-right, etc.) was employed. Short stimulus presentation time (200 ms) resulted in 2-D nonalignment thresholds exceeding 25 s of arc, clearly above the hyperacuity range. The thresholds were significantly improved for long stimulus duration (2000 ms), when a sequential processing strategy was presumably employed. The same results were obtained by employing a different, 2AFC (staircase) measurement paradigm. In a control experiment, Vernier acuity did not present significant improvement with presentation time. We conclude that spatial hyperacuity tasks have access to a limited processing capacity of the visual system. The results further emphasize the importance of the comparison process previously concluded from perturbation experiments. 1
A VISION-BASED AUTOMATIC PUSH BUTTON SYSTEM (1996)

Observations of pedestrians have shown that almost one third of people do not press the push button to cross intersections. This work presents an automatic push button system capable of detecting pedestrians waiting to cross an intersection. Videoimaging is the sensing mechanism deployed in this system. An adaptive background subtraction technique is developed to detect pedestrians in the presence of various brightness changes that occur in outdoor scenes. This system is tested with images of two pedestrian crossing curbsides in the city of College Station, Texas. The images are transmitted via a wireless communication link between the intersection site and the Texas Transportation Translink Laboratory. The performance of the system is evaluated by comparing the number of automatic detections with manual detections obtained by visual inspection over many hours of monitoring.
Channel models for V2V communications: A comparison of different approaches (2011)

In this paper, we compare the two most common types of statistical models for V2V channels: the tapped-delay line, and the geometry-based stochastic model. We first provide a description of each model type. Model adaptations and options are described, as is model flexibility, and ability to replicate statistics that agree with measurements. We quantify each model's complexity, and show that the modified TDL is generally far less complex than the GBS model. Both require careful specification of conditions, and although the GBS model can be more versatile due to its large number of parameters, multiple TDL models will be simpler and equally accurate.
Corona Discharge (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Coenzyme Q10, Statin, and Spinocerebellar Ataxias (P6.047) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between certain drug exposure and disease severity in spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 1, 2, 3 and 6. BACKGROUND: Currently there is no large-scaled, evidence-based effective treatment for SCAs. Studying the relationship between drug exposures and the disease progression in a large SCA cohort will provide useful information for future clinical trials. DESIGN/METHODS: The Clinical Research Consortium for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (CRC-SCA) enrolled 319 participants with SCA 1, 2, 3 and 6 from 12 medical centers in the US and repeatedly measured clinical severity by Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale part IV (UHDRS-IV) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) during July 2009-May 2012. We employed generalized estimating equations in regression models to study the longitudinal effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), statins and vitamin E on clinical severity of ataxia after adjusting for age, sex and pathological CAG repeat number. RESULTS: During the 2-year period, clinical deterioration in SCAs was well captured by SARA and UHDRS-IV but not PHQ9. Exposure to CoQ10 was associated with lower SARA scores in SCA1 and 3 and higher UHDRS-IV scores in SCA1, 2 and 3. Exposure to statins was associated with higher SARA and lower UHDRS-IV scores in SCA6. No association was found between vitamin E and clinical outcomes. CoQ10, statins and Vitamin E did not change the rates of clinical deterioration indexed by SARA and UHDRS-IV scores. CONCLUSIONS: CoQ10 is associated with better clinical outcome in SCA1, 2, and 3 whereas statins are associated with worse clinical outcome in SCA6. These drug exposures did not appear to influence clinical progression within 2 years. CoQ10 and statins may have only symptomatic effects or require a longer period of time for disease modification. Study Supported by: American Brain Foundation Research Fellowship, Rare Disease Clinical Research Network RC1NS068897, and NINDS K08 NS083738.
Rising trend of seroprevalence of human amoebiasis in tertiary care hospital of North India (2016)

Background: The present study is retrospective analysis of the data of all patients who came for the determination of anti-amoebic antibodies in sera measured by ELISA over the period of 8 years. Methods & Materials: This retrospective study was conducted at our tertiary care hospital in North India. The case records of all patients presenting to the outpatient department or admitted to the wards and intensive care units of the hospital with clinical suspicion of amoebiasis from 2007 to 2014 were reviewed in detail. The serum sample obtained were maintained at -20oC until use. The ELISA was performed for all samples. Qualitative estimation of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to E. histolytica was performed using the in-house indirect IgG ELISA from Jan 2007 to June 2013. Later on in-house ELISA was replaced by commercial ELISA (RIDASCREEN® Entamoeba histolyticaIgG (K1721) kit. Results: A total of 3136 samples from clinically suspected cases were evaluated; overall seropositivity was 61.5% with the predominance of males (85.8%). Most of the patients were adults (92.5%). Inpatient had higher seropositivity rate (55%) when compared to outpatients (45%). No significant seasonal variation was observed in seropositivity rate during this period. The prevalence varied from 47.7% to 78.7% for year 2007 to 2014, depicting an overall raising trend in seropositivity. Conclusion: In conclusion, continuous surging pattern in the disease prevalence was seen over the years which are giving alert to take vigilant action to check the incidence and prevalence of this parasitic disease.
Ammonia‐Based Feedforward and Feedback Aeration Control in Activated Sludge Processes (2013)

Aeration control at wastewater treatment plants based on ammonia as the controlled variable is applied for one of two reasons: (1) to reduce aeration costs, or (2) to reduce peaks in effluent ammonia. Aeration limitation has proven to result in significant energy savings, may reduce external carbon addition, and can improve denitrification and biological phosphorus (bio-P) performance. Ammonia control for limiting aeration has been based mainly on feedback control to constrain complete nitrification by maintaining approximately one to two milligrams of nitrogen per liter of ammonia in the effluent. Increased attention has been given to feedforward ammonia control, where aeration control is based on monitoring influent ammonia load. Typically, the intent is to anticipate the impact of sudden load changes, and thereby reduce effluent ammonia peaks. This paper evaluates the fundamentals of ammonia control with a primary focus on feedforward control concepts. A case study discussion is presented that reviews different ammonia-based control approaches. In most instances, feedback control meets the objectives for both aeration limitation and containment of effluent ammonia peaks. Feedforward control, applied specifically for switching aeration on or off in swing zones, can be beneficial when the plant encounters particularly unusual influent disturbances.