gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential sensitivity to apoptosis between the human small and large intestinal mucosae: Linkage with segment‐specific regulation of Bcl‐2 homologs and involvement of signaling pathways* (2001)

The small and large intestines differ in their expression profiles of Bcl-2 homologs. Intestinal segment-specific Bcl-2 homolog expression profiles are acquired as early as by mid-gestation (18-20 weeks) in man. In the present study, we examined the question whether such distinctions underlie segment-specific control mechanisms of intestinal cell survival. Using mid-gestation human jejunum and colon organotypic cultures, we analyzed the impact of growth factors (namely insulin; 10 microg/ml) and pharmacological compounds that inhibit signal transduction molecules/pathways (namely tyrosine kinases, Fak, P13-K/Akt, and MEK/Erk) on cell survival and Bcl-2 homolog expression (anti-apoptotic: Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), Mcl-1; pro-apoptotic: Bax, Bak, Bad). The relative activation levels of p125Fak, p42Erk-2, and p57Akt were analyzed as well. Herein, we report that (1) the inhibition of signal transduction molecules/pathways revealed striking differences in their impact on cell survival in the jejunum and colon (e.g., the inhibition of p125Fak induced apoptosis with a significantly greater extent in the jejunum [approximately 43%] than in the colon [approximately 24%]); (2) sharp distinctions between the two segments were noted in the modulatory effects of the various treatments on Bcl-2 homolog steady-state levels (e.g., inhibition of tyrosine kinase activities in the jejunum down-regulated all anti-apoptotics analyzed while increasing Bax, whereas the same treatment in the colon down-regulated Bcl-X(L) only and increased all pro-apoptotics); and (3) in addition to their differential impact on cell survival and Bcl-2 homolog expression, the MEK/Erk and P13-K/Akt pathways were found to be distinctively regulated in the jejunum and colon mucosae (e.g., insulin in the jejunum increased p42Erk-2 activation without affecting that of p57Akt, whereas the same treatment in the colon decreased p42Erk-2 activation while increasing that of p57Akt). Altogether, these data show that intestinal cell survival is characterized by segment-specific susceptibilities to apoptosis, which are in turn linked with segmental distinctions in the involvement of signaling pathways and the regulation of Bcl-2 homolog steady-state levels. Therefore, these indicate that cell survival is subject to segment-specific control mechanisms along the proximal-distal axis of the intestine.
WCDMA evolved - high-speed data access (2004)

To meet future demands for improved uplink packet data performance, WCDMA is continuously evolving. In Rel5, HSDPA was introduced, providing substantial downlink improvements, and in Rel6, the enhanced uplink will be an integral part of the specifications. The paper describes the principles behind HSDPA and enhanced uplink and how they are integrated into WCDMA. Simulation results exemplify the performance gains possible.
Improving the Photocatalytic activity for Hydrogen Evolution of LaBaInO4 via Topochemical Fluorination to LaBaInO3F2 (2022)

In this paper, we report on a non-oxidative topochemical route for the synthesis of a novel indate-based oxyfluoride, LaBaInO3F2 using a low-temperature reaction of Ruddlesden-Popper-type LaBaInO4 with polyvinylidene difluoride as a fluorinating agent. The reaction involves the insertion and substitution of oxide ions by fluoride ions. From the characterization via powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis as well as attenuated electron diffraction tomography it could be followed that the fluorination results in a symmetry lowering from I4/mmm (139) to monoclinic C2/c (15) with an expansion perpendicular to the perovskite layers and a strong tilting of the octahedra along the ab plane. While an ordering of vacancies on the interstitial sites is observed, disorder of anions on the three anion sites seems be favored. The most stable configuration for the anion ordering is estimated based on an evaluation of bond distances from ADT measurements via bond valence sums. The observed disordering of the anions in the oxyfluoride consequently resulted in changes of the bandgap, interestingly leading to an enhanced photocatalytic activity for the hydrogen (H2) evolution as compared to the pure oxide. Thus, we show that topochemical anion modification can present a viable route to obtain improved photocatalysts.
Charakterisierung der onkogenen Wirkmechanismen von dominant negativem p73 beim hepatozellulären Karzinom (2006)

Einleitung: Wir haben für das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) gezeigt, dass die Interaktion der p53 Familie (p53, p63, p73) und ihrer dominant negativen Formen (DeltaN-) über Tumorentstehung, Tumorprogression und Therapieansprechen entscheidet. Die Expression von DeltaNp73 beim HCC bedingt Apoptosehemmung, Chemoresistenz und eine ungünstige Prognose (EMBO J 24 (2005); Cell Death Differ Sep 30 (2005)). Wir haben die molekularen Mechanismen der DeltaNp73-Wirkung weiter charakterisiert.
Subangstrom Crystallography Reveals that Short Ionic Hydrogen Bonds, and Not a His-Asp Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bond, Stabilize the Transition State in Serine Protease Catalysis (2006)

To address questions regarding the mechanism of serine protease catalysis, we have solved two X-ray crystal structures of alpha-lytic protease (alphaLP) that mimic aspects of the transition states: alphaLP at pH 5 (0.82 A resolution) and alphaLP bound to the peptidyl boronic acid inhibitor, MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-boroVal (0.90 A resolution). Based on these structures, there is no evidence of, or requirement for, histidine-flipping during the acylation step of the reaction. Rather, our data suggests that upon protonation of His57, Ser195 undergoes a conformational change that destabilizes the His57-Ser195 hydrogen bond, preventing the back-reaction. In both structures the His57-Asp102 hydrogen bond in the catalytic triad is a normal ionic hydrogen bond, and not a low-barrier hydrogen bond (LBHB) as previously hypothesized. We propose that the enzyme has evolved a network of relatively short hydrogen bonds that collectively stabilize the transition states. In particular, a short ionic hydrogen bond (SIHB) between His57 Nepsilon2 and the substrate's leaving group may promote forward progression of the TI1-to-acylenzyme reaction. We provide experimental evidence that refutes use of either a short donor-acceptor distance or a downfield 1H chemical shift as sole indicators of a LBHB.
1 Watt from 1.56 &#x03BC;m single frequency semiconductor disk laser (2013)

The potential for power scaling and wavelength scalability of semiconductor disk lasers (SDLs) makes them attractive for high-power single-frequency operation with numerous applications. In particular, single-frequency operation at 1.55 μm has been demonstrated with a monolithically grown InP-based SDL with 170 mW of output power at room temperature [1].
Fabrication and MFM study of 60 nm track-pitch discrete track media (2010)

Discrete track magnetic recording media with a 60 nm track pitch and prewritten servo patterns were fabricated and tested for read/write performance, and a feasibility analysis of the embedded servo was performed. The fabrication process consisted of ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) and sequential ion beam etching on a conventional perpendicular magnetic recording medium. Magnetic patterns were written to the fabricated tracks at 700 kilo flux changes per inch (kFCI) using a spin stand and were read using magnetic force microscopy (MFM), with a resulting signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 12.15 dB. The servo pattern was also visualized with MFM. These results demonstrated the feasibility of writing to a 30 nm wide discrete data track and the workability of the embedded servo pattern.
Progress with type-II superlattice IR detector arrays (2007)

We report progress in the development of long wavelength infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) built on type-II strained layer InAs/GaSb superlattice materials. Work at Raytheon Vision Systems and Jet Propulsion Laboratory has led to successful devices with cutoff wavelengths in the 10 to 12 &#956;m range. Pixels have been formed by wet etching and surface passivation by plasma-deposited silicon dioxide. We present test results on arrays hybridized with indium bump bonding to silicon readout integrated circuits, as well as analyses of current-voltage characteristics of individual diodes. In particular, we find that, at temperatures below about 70 K the leakage current is dominated by generation-recombination effects near zero bias and by trap-assisted tunneling in reverse bias. Although other authors have demonstrated imaging for SWIR and MWIR type-II superlattice devices, to our knowledge no one has done so prior to 2006 in the LWIR range. We have obtained both still and video imaging with 256×256 arrays with 30-&#956;m pixels operating at 78 K, having high operability and a cutoff wavelength of 10.5 &#956;m.
A Systematic Approach to a Better Understanding of the Concentric Hole-Opening Process Utilizing Drilling Mechanics and Drilling Dynamics Measurements Recorded Above and Below the Reamer (2008)

Abstract Well known in the oil and gas industry is the importance of understanding drilling system vibrations and bit-reamer weight transfer when drilling with hole openers. A field testing program was carried out on a full-scale experimental test rig in the state of Oklahoma, USA, with known lithological formations, in order to evaluate underreaming system designs. In this context, the underreaming system comprised the bit, the drive system, and the underreaming element. To fully understand how the system interacts with the formation and reacts to inputs from the surface, drilling mechanics measurements were taken above and below the reamer element. Drilling dynamics measurements were also taken at three places in the BHA, with two drilling dynamics packages spaced out below the reamer and one positioned directly above it. That way, dynamics on the bit and reamer could be studied separately to understand how bit and reamer performance affect each other and the overall system dynamics. The first well was directionally drilled with a rotary steerable system, concentric reamer, and vibration monitoring equipment set up in an industry-standard arrangement. This paper will describe how the findings and learning from the initial field test led to bit redesign and operational techniques implemented to enhance the drilling system stability. Another borehole was then drilled through identical formations with this improved system, offering a unique detailed comparison between the two field tests. The new bit design allowed the bit to control the drilling rate with better weight distribution between bit and reamer, significantly reducing vibration, and in this study, without impacting penetration rate. A concentric reaming tool new to the drilling industry was used in both wells as a part of this study and will also be described. This tool demonstrated good steerability with a rotary steerable tool system and operated properly, drilling closed, activating, reaming, and finally, closing for retrieval from the hole.
Fast algorithms for histogram matching: Application to texture synthesis (2000)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Ruthenium Catalyzed Hydroboration of Terminal Alkynes to Z-Vinylboronates (2012)

The nonclassical ruthenium hydride pincer complex [Ru(PNP)(H)(2)(H(2))] 1 (PNP = 1,3-bis(di-tert-butyl-phosphinomethyl)pyridine) catalyzes the anti-Markovnikov addition of pinacolborane to terminal alkynes yielding Z-vinylboronates at mild conditions. The complex [Ru(PNP)(H)(2)(HBpin)] 2 (HBpin = pinacolborane), which was identified at the end of the reaction and prepared independently, is proposed as the direct precursor to the catalytic cycle involving rearrangement of coordinated alkyne to Z-vinylidene as a key step for the apparent trans-hydroboration.
Fabrication of ADC12 porous Al / pure Al bilayer pipe by applying friction welding and its X-ray CT observation of pore structures. (2017)

Porous aluminum is a multifunctional material with ultra light weight and high energy absorption properties. In our past study, pure Al dense pipe were fabricated and combining it with ADC12 porous Al by applying friction welding. Precursor of ADC12 porous Al was fabricated by adding blowing agent powder into ADC12 plates by means of applying friction stir processing. The precursor was put into the fabricated pure Al pipe, and the rotating tool was pressed into the precursor. Friction heat was generated and ADC12 precursor / pure Al dense pipe composite materials were fabricated by friction welding. It was shown that metal bonding between porous Al and pure Al pipe of the composites can be realized. In this study, ADC12 porous Al / pure Al bilayer pipe were fabricated to combine ADC12 porous Al to the outside of pure Al pipe by applying friction welding. The specimen with porosity of 74.5 % was successfully fabricated.
Treatment: abdomen (2018)

Acute abdominal pain - Upper abdominal pain - Lower abdominal pain - Gastrointestinal bleeding - Diarrhoea and vomiting - Other gastrointestinal problems - Urological problems - Acute scrotal pain - Gynaecological problems
New Family of Cyclopropanating Reagents: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Stability Studies of Iodomethylzinc Phenoxides (2000)

A valuable alternative to the traditional Simmons–Smith reagents is offered by the title compounds, as a result of their ease of preparation and high reactivities towards unfunctionalized olefins (see scheme).
Determination of reduced and oxidized homocysteine and related thiols in plasma by thiol-specific pre-column derivatization and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (1999)

A new sensitive and rapid capillary electrophoresis (CE) assay for measuring reduced and oxidized thiols in human plasma has been developed. To prevent oxidation of the thiols, whole blood was immediately centrifuged after collection and the plasma proteins were precipitated with perchloric acid. The reduced thiols in the supernatant were derivatized quantitatively at 25 degrees C, pH 7.5 with a fluorescent reagent, fluorescein-5-maleimide (FM). The total plasma concentration of thiols, including the fraction coupled to proteins, was assayed after an initial reduction of the disulfide linkage in plasma with dithiothreitol. The separation of FM-thiols was performed in an acetonitrile/10 mM sodium phosphate-50 mM SDS buffer [25:75 (v/v); pH 7.0] using a fused-silica capillary (57 cm x 75 microm I.D.) at 45 degrees C. A 3-mW argon-ion laser (lambda(ex) 488 nm/lambda(em) 520 nm) was employed for FM-thiol detection. With the electric field of 530 V/cm, the time needed for the separation of FM-homocysteine, FM-glutathione and FM-N-acetylcysteine was less than 8 min. The lower limit of detection was 3 microM for the total thiols and 10 nM for the reduced thiols. The method was applied to, the determination of homocysteine levels in plasma from patients with end-stage renal disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Processing and Dielectric Properties of Sillenite Compounds Bi12MO20‐δ (M: Si, Ge, Ti, Pb, Mn, B1/2P1/2). (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel anti-adipogenic activity produced by human fibroblasts (2010)

Fatty tissue is generally found in distinct "depots" distributed throughout the human body. Adipocytes from each of the various depots differ in their metabolic capacities and their responses to environmental stimuli. Although a general understanding of the factors responsible for adipogenic transformation has been achieved, much is not understood about the mechanisms of adipose tissue deposition and the phenotypes of the adipocytes found within each depot. A clue to the factors regulating fat deposition may come from studies of adipogenesis using primary human orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid eye disease, a condition in which intense inflammation leads to expansion of orbital adipose tissue via differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes. We have previously demonstrated that adipogenesis of orbital fibroblasts is negatively correlated with cellular expression of the Thy-1 surface marker. In this study, we developed a novel imaging flow cytometric approach for the assessment of adipogenesis to test the hypothetical dependence of adipogenic potential on lack of Thy-1 expression. Using this technique, we learned that Thy-1-positive fibroblasts are, in fact, capable of differentiating into adipocytes but are less likely to do so because they secrete a paracrine anti-adipogenic factor. It is possible that such a factor plays an important role in the prevention of excess fat deposition in the normal orbit and may even be exploited as a therapy for the treatment of obesity, a major worldwide health concern.
Power scaling analysis of fiber lasers and amplifiers based on non-silica materials (2010)

A developed formalism<sup>1</sup> for analyzing the power scaling of diffraction limited fiber lasers and amplifiers is applied to a wider range of materials. Limits considered include thermal rupture, thermal lensing, melting of the core, stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, optical damage, bend induced limits on core diameter and limits to coupling of pump diode light into the fiber. For conventional fiber lasers based upon silica, the single aperture, diffraction limited power limit was found to be 36.6kW. This is a hard upper limit that results from an interaction of the stimulated Raman scattering with thermal lensing. This result is dependent only upon physical constants of the material and is independent of the core diameter or fiber length. Other materials will have different results both in terms of ultimate power out and which of the many limits is the determining factor in the results. Materials considered include silica doped with Tm and Er, YAG and YAG based ceramics and Yb doped phosphate glass. Pros and cons of the various materials and their current state of development will be assessed. In particular the impact of excess background loss on laser efficiency is discussed.
Proactive integrated mobile services using multi-agents system (2011)

Integration between multi-agents systems and mobile services can lead to advanced creative applications on smart handsets. Communication and learning are some of the main features of agents. These features can be utilized to implement a smart system that can be proactive and adaptive to a user's context/-situation. This paper highlights a number of related projects and points out their drawbacks. It proposes - an alternative architecture for a tourist guide system. It also describes the workflow of a number of tasks in the system and provides some possible scenarios regarding the use of such system.
Learning in diffusion networks with an adaptive projected subgradient method (2009)

We present an algorithm that minimizes asymptotically a sequence of non-negative convex functions over diffusion networks. To account for possible node failures, position changes, and/or reachability problems (because of moving obstacles, jammers, etc), the algorithm can cope with dynamic networks and cost functions, a desirable feature for online algorithms where information arrives sequentially. Many projection-based algorithms can be straightforwardly extended to diffusion networks with the proposed scheme. We use the acoustic source localization problem in sensor networks as an example of a possible application.
Small Heat-Shock Protein HSPB1 Mutants Stabilize Microtubules in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy (2011)

Mutations in the small heat shock protein HSPB1 (HSP27) are causative for Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. We previously showed that a subset of these mutations displays higher chaperone activity and enhanced affinity to client proteins. We hypothesized that this excessive binding property might cause the HSPB1 mutant proteins to disturb the function of proteins essential for the maintenance or survival of peripheral neurons. In the present work, we explored this hypothesis further and compared the protein complexes formed by wild-type and mutant HSPB1. Tubulin came out as the most striking differential interacting protein, with hyperactive mutants binding more strongly to both tubulin and microtubules. This anomalous binding leads to a stabilization of the microtubule network in a microtubule-associated protein-like manner as reflected by resistance to cold depolymerization, faster network recovery after nocodazole treatment, and decreased rescue and catastrophe rates of individual microtubules. In a transgenic mouse model for mutant HSPB1 that recapitulates all features of CMT, we could confirm the enhanced interaction of mutant HSPB1 with tubulin. Increased stability of the microtubule network was also clear in neurons isolated from these mice. Since neuronal cells are particularly vulnerable to disturbances in microtubule dynamics, this mechanism might explain the neuron-specific CMT phenotype caused by HSPB1 mutations.
Digital next-generation sequencing identifies low-abundance mutations in pancreatic juice samples collected from the duodenum of patients with pancreatic cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (2016)

The detection in pancreatic juice of mutations important for the progression of low-grade dysplasia to high-grade dysplasia and invasive pancreatic cancer may improve the management of patients undergoing pancreatic screening and surveillance.
Readings in Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (2009)

This is a compilation of current and past work on targeted maximum likelihood estimation. It features the original targeted maximum likelihood learning paper as well as chapters on super (machine) learning using cross validation, randomized controlled trials, realistic individualized treatment rules in observational studies, biomarker discovery, case-control studies, and time-to-event outcomes with censored data, among others. We hope this collection is helpful to the interested reader and stimulates additional research in this important area.
Electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers (2007)

We demonstrate electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings (LPGs) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) filled with a high-index liquid crystal. The presence of the liquid crystal changes the guiding properties of the fiber from an index guiding fiber to a photonic bandgap guiding fiber - a so called liquid crystal photonic bandgap (LCPBG) fiber. Both the strength and resonance wavelength of the gratings are highly tunable. By adjusting the amplitude of the applied electric field, the grating strength can be tuned and by changing the temperature, the resonance wavelength can be tuned as well. Numerical calculations of the higher order modes of the fiber cladding are presented, allowing the resonance wavelengths to be calculated. A high polarization dependent loss of the induced gratings is also observed.