gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hot planets around cool stars – two short-period mini-Neptunes transiting the late K-dwarf TOI-1260 (2021)

ABSTRACT We present the discovery and characterization of two sub-Neptunes in close orbits, as well as a tentative outer planet of a similar size, orbiting TOI-1260 – a low metallicity K6 V dwarf star. Photometry from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS) yields radii of Rb = 2.33 ± 0.10 and Rc = 2.82 ± 0.15 R⊕, and periods of 3.13 and 7.49 d for TOI-1260 b and TOI-1260 c, respectively. We combined the TESS data with a series of ground-based follow-up observations to characterize the planetary system. From HARPS-N high-precision radial velocities we obtain Mb = $8.6 _{ - 1.5 } ^ { + 1.4 }$ and Mc = $11.8 _{ - 3.2 } ^ { + 3.4 }$ M⊕. The star is moderately active with a complex activity pattern, which necessitated the use of Gaussian process regression for both the light-curve detrending and the radial velocity modelling, in the latter case guided by suitable activity indicators. We successfully disentangle the stellar-induced signal from the planetary signals, underlining the importance and usefulness of the Gaussian process approach. We test the system’s stability against atmospheric photoevaporation and find that the TOI-1260 planets are classic examples of the structure and composition ambiguity typical for the 2–3 R⊕ range.
Data driven approach on in-situ soil carbon measurement (2022)

Soil carbon (C) plays a key role in mitigating and adapting to global climate change. In-situ soil C measurement has faced many challenges including those related to aerial coverage, economics, accuracy, and availability. The concept of paying for C credits to farmers and ranchers who sequester C has necessitated availability of improved methods for in-situ measurement of soil C at large scale. The objective of this review is to i) synthesize the existing knowledge on methods of soil C measurement, (ii) discuss their pros and cons (iii) review key factors affecting soil C measurement, and (iv) propose integrated data driven method of soil C measurement using Machine Learning (ML)/Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach. Lab and in-situ techniques of soil C determination are expensive, time consuming and lack scale. Although, remote sensing (RS) technique is used to predict soil C maps at large scale, it also lacks accuracy and requires high technical knowledge of image processing. Soil C measurements are affected by key soil physical properties such as color, texture, moisture content, bulk density etc. Thus, these factors must be considered while developing innovative methods for soil C determination. A prototype handheld device is proposed to measure these four properties along with Near Infrared (NIR) reflectance of soil that store data in cloud using Wi-Fi signals. A data driven model is proposed that can use the data from handheld devices and integrate with drone imagery to create soil C map of the entire field and satellite imagery for the entire region. This model uses data from in-situ soil C measurement technique in integrated form and soil C map can be updated every time the handheld device is used at different locations of the field.
Treatment outcome of localized prostate cancer by 70 Gy hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy with a customized rectal balloon (2014)

PURPOSE We aimed to analyze the treatment outcome and long-term toxicity of 70 Gy hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for localized prostate cancer using a customized rectal balloon. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed medical records of 86 prostate cancer patients who received curative radiotherapy between January 2004 and December 2011 at our institution. Patients were designated as low (12.8%), intermediate (20.9%), or high risk (66.3%). Thirty patients received a total dose of 70 Gy in 28 fractions over 5 weeks via IMRT (the Hypo-IMRT group); 56 received 70.2 Gy in 39 fractions over 7 weeks via 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (the CF-3DRT group, which served as a reference for comparison). A customized rectal balloon was placed in Hypo-IMRT group throughout the entire radiotherapy course. Androgen deprivation therapy was administered to 47 patients (Hypo-IMRT group, 17; CF-3DRT group, 30). Late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 74.4 months (range, 18.8 to 125.9 months). The 5-year actuarial biochemical relapse-free survival rates for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients were 100%, 100%, and 88.5%, respectively, for the Hypo-IMRT group and 80%, 77.8%, and 63.6%, respectively, for the CF-3DRT group (p < 0.046). No patient presented with acute or late GU toxicity ≥grade 3. Late grade 3 GI toxicity occurred in 2 patients (3.6%) in the CF-3DRT group and 1 patient (3.3%) in the Hypo-IMRT group. CONCLUSION Hypo-IMRT with a customized rectal balloon resulted in excellent biochemical control rates with minimal toxicity in localized prostate cancer patients.
A contribution to DECT in frequency synthesis and modulation using DDS (2002)

DDS (direct digital synthesis) techniques are an alternative to the traditional signal generation techniques. Because of its digital nature, DDS is suitable for implementing special architectures with great flexibility, few adjustment points and a high level of integration. Joining DDS features with the remaining advantages of a traditional phase locked loop (PLL), it is possible to obtain optimal synthesizer designs.
The Dominant Role of Exciton Quenching in PbS Quantum-Dot-Based Photovoltaic Devices (2013)

We present a quantitative measurement of the number of trapped carriers combined with a measurement of exciton quenching to assess limiting mechanisms for current losses in PbS-quantum-dot-based photovoltaic devices. We use photocurrent intensity dependence and short-wave infrared transient photoluminescence and correlate these with device performance. We find that the effective density of trapped carriers ranges from 1 in 10 to 1 in 10,000 quantum dots, depending on ligand treatment, and that nonradiative exciton quenching, as opposed to recombination with trapped carriers, is likely the limiting mechanism in these devices.
Formal Verification of Astronaut-Rover Teams for Planetary Surface Operations (2020)

This paper describes an approach to assuring the reliability of autonomous systems for Astronaut-Rover (ASRO) teams using the formal verification of models in the Brahms multi-agent modelling language. Planetary surface rovers have proven essential to several manned and unmanned missions to the moon and Mars. The first rovers were teleor manually-operated, but autonomous systems are increasingly being used to increase the effectiveness and range of rover operations on missions such as the NASA Mars Science Laboratory. It is anticipated that future manned missions to the moon and Mars will use autonomous rovers to assist astronauts during extravehicular activity (EVA), including science, technical and construction operations. These ASRO teams have the potential to significantly increase the safety and efficiency of surface operations. We describe a new Brahms model in which an autonomous rover may perform several different activities including assisting an astronaut during EVA. These activities compete for the autonomous rover's “attention” and therefore the rover must decide which activity is currently the most important and engage in that activity. The Brahms model also includes an astronaut agent, which models an astronaut's predicted behaviour during an EVA. The rover must also respond to the astronauts activities. We show how this Brahms model can be simulated using the Brahms integrated development environment. The model can then also be formally verified with respect to system requirements using the SPIN model checker, through automatic translation from Brahms to PROMELA (the input language for SPIN). We show that such formal verification can be used to determine that mission- and safety-critical operations are conducted correctly, and therefore increase the reliability of autonomous systems for planetary rovers in ASRO teams.
Microalgae and Diatom - Potential Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Resources – Review (2022)

Microalgae are aquatic resources containing several value-added products which have been and will be widely used in various industries. They have the high potential to be explored in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals, as active ingredients in the form of isolated molecules or extracts. The aim of this review is to exhibit the potential of microalgae and especially diatoms for their cosmetic application regarding their phytochemistry and pharmacological activity. Comprehensive study of previously published literature demonstrated the presence of several antioxidant, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory molecules in microalgae and their efficiency on human cells, particularly in anti-aging and anti-UV products. This review summarizes and discusses the information on extraction process, the chemical composition and biological activity of natural microalgae biomass. Finally, the review attempts to reveal more global view on how to valorize natural microalgal biomass, including diatoms, in cosmetics to prevent a destruction of wild resources.
Optimal and efficient probabilistic distributed diagnosis schemes (1993)

The distributed self-diagnosis of a multiprocessor/multicomputer system based on interprocessor tests with imperfect fault coverage that permits intermittently faulty processors is addressed. Focusing on probabilistic diagnosis methods, the authors define several different categories of probabilistic diagnosis based on the type of fault syndrome information used in the diagnosis. Rigorous probabilistic analysis is then used to derive diagnosis algorithms optimal in terms of diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis categories introduced. Analysis and simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the diagnosis algorithms introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Hybrid Actuator (1995)

Abstract : In this thesis, a new hybrid rotary motor using piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials is proposed. It is shown that electrically, these materials behave like a capacitor and inductor respectively. The novelty of this motor is the creation of an electrical resonant circuit, whereby the reactive power requirement on the power source is reduced. A simulation program with the elastic effects and a model of impact forces inherent in the design, is written to simulate the behaviour of this motor. The constructional details of a prototype motor which has been built, is then presented. Finally an application of the hybrid actuator to helicopter flaperon actuation is presented as an example of its use.
Using Sequence Data To Infer the Antigenicity of Influenza Virus (2013)

This report supplies a novel method for quantifying antigenic distance and identifying antigenic variants using sequences alone. This method will be useful in influenza vaccine strain selection by significantly reducing the human labor efforts for serological characterization and will increase the likelihood of correct influenza vaccine candidate selection.
Recent advances in ultrafast fiber lasers (2010)

A review recent advances in spatially and temporally phase-controlled ultrafast fiber lasers will be provided, spanning coherent addition of ultrashort pulses in multicore fibers, low noise and high rep. rate Yb combs, compact SC sources and VUV generation.
Centralized and Decentralized Coordinated Scheduling with Muting (2014)

We compare the algorithms for centralized and decentralized multi-cell joint optimization of coordinated scheduling with muting. For conventional non-overlapping clusters of cooperating cells, we show that for the same latency of communication, an appropriate decentralized algorithm can equivalently achieve the same jointly optimal solution achieved by a centralized approach. In this decentralized algorithm, cells do not exchange CSIs of all users with other cells, but instead exchange per-cell benefit metrics. In non-overlapping clusters, border cells in a cluster do not coordinate with strong interferers outside the cluster. We introduce a new cluster design called Liquid Cluster which allows a cell to flexibly cooperate with all its relevant interferers. The decentralized algorithm easily extends to Liquid Clusters, performing better than conventional non-overlapping 9-cell clusters.
DNA Polymerase Alpha Subunit B Is a Binding Protein for Erlotinib Resistance in Non-small Lung Cancer (2020)

Erlotinib inhibits epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase activity and is used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite its high efficacy, recurrence can occur in patients who become resistant to the drug. To address the underlying mechanism of Erlotinib resistance, we investigated additional mechanisms related to mode-of-drug-action, by multiple protein-binding interactions, besides EGFR by using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods with non-labeled Erlotinib. DNA polymerase alpha subunit B (POLA2) was identified as a new Erlotinib binding protein that was validated by the DARTS platform, complemented with cellular thermal shift assays. Genetic knock-down of POLA2 promoted the anti-proliferative effect of the drug in the Erlotinib-resistant cell line H1299 with high POLA2 expression, whereas overexpression of POLA2 restored anti-proliferative effects in the Erlotinib-sensitive cell line HCC827 with low POLA2 expression. Importantly, POLA2 expression levels in four NSCLC cell lines were positively correlated with anti-proliferative Erlotinib efficacy, verified by bio-statistical analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient, R=0.9886). These results suggest that POLA2 is a novel complementary target protein of Erlotinib, and could clinically provide validity as a surrogate marker for drug resistance in patients with NSCLC.
TouchPaper (2012)

Traditional printed materials such as photobooks and collages are static in that the information conveyed is unchanging and limited to what was printed. In this paper, we describe an online service for augmenting prints with rich media by using image recognition. A print can have multiple hotspots with each one linking to different content on the web (e.g. Facebook, Youtube video, animations, etc.). When a print is viewed through a mobile device, it is automatically recognized and the interactive hot regions are highlighted on the screen. The user can click regions of interest to link to relevant content on the web. This technology significantly enhances the potential for personalization and interaction and ultimately the end user experience and the value of the prints. As an example application, we leverage our Facebook auto-photobook application to automatically create interactive links for each photo in a page. The user can easily view additional content such as photo comments for each photo through the augmentation mechanism.
A Mathematical Model for the Influence of Deep‐Level Electronic States on Photoelectrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: II . Assessment of Characterization Methods Based on Mott‐Schottky Theory (1992)

The impact of the assumptions inherent in using the Mott‐Schottky theory to identify deep‐level electronic states in semiconductors was assessed by comparison to the results of a less restrictive mathematical model. The model, developed in another paper, treated the transport and recombination reactions involving electrons, holes, and electronic states located within the bandgap. The capacitive component used in standard Mott‐Schottky theory was found to be insensitive to bulk electronic states within the bandgap for concentrations significantly less than the doping level. The resistive component measured at low frequencies was much more sensitive to deep‐level states and may be used to determine their distribution. For high concentrations of deep‐level states, the model results were in agreement with the current practice of attributing changes in the slope of the Mott‐Schottky curve to partial ionization of single‐energy deep‐level states with applied potential. In the absence of frequency dispersion, these changes in slope could be attributed instead to nonuniform dopant distribution.
Systematic tuning of pore morphologies and pore volumes in macroporous materials by freezing (2009)

Freezing and its combination with emulsion-templating are investigated to systematically tune pore morphologies and volumes in macroporous materials. Macroporous structures with controllable pore morphologies are formed under defined freezing conditions. Oil-in-water emulsions are processed to produce porous polymeric materials with a controlled proportion of ice-templated pores and emulsion-templated pores by systematically changing the volume ratio of the internal oil droplet phase to aqueous continuous phase in the emulsions. Pore morphology, bulk density, and pore volumes of these macroporous materials can thus be systematically tuned. Chemical crosslinking and sol–gel processing are further employed to produce porous polymeric and inorganic materials (silica, silica–alumina, and zirconia) with enhanced mechanical stability and hierarchical porosity.
Optoelectronic integrated tristable device with optically controlled set and reset functions (1995)

An optical tristable device with optically controlled set and reset functions is developed. The device structure is a vertical and direct integration of four heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs) and a laser diode (LD). Two HPTS (HPT-A and HPT-B) integrated just above the LD stripe are utilized to achieve the set operation. The internal optical feedback from the LD to the HPTs takes an important role in the operation. On the other hand, another HPT (HPT-C or HPT-D) integrated slightly away from the position for the set operation is used to achieve the reset operation. The optical feedback from the LD to the HPT-A and HPT-B is suppressed by the current bypass through the HPT-C connected to both ends of the LD. Theoretical calculations are also made to explain these operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Weight Adjustment in Channel Estimation using Gibbs Sampling for MIMO Systems (2021)

Channel estimation is required to demodulate the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signals and there are blind and non-blind channel estimation schemes. One of non-blind channel estimation schemes is using Gibbs sampling. In channel estimation using Gibbs sampling, when the number of received data symbols is small, estimation accuracy may be deteriorated owing to the unreliability of weights. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces a coefficient for adjusting the weights used in channel estimation with Gibbs sampling. When the number of data symbols is small, larger coefficient values are found to be more suitable because they suppress the fluctuation of channel estimation. Numerical results obtained though computer simulation show that the proposed scheme improves by about 5dB as compared with a decision directed scheme in a 4 × 4 MIMO system when the number of data symbols is one.
Treating Obesity in the Family Practice Setting (2010)

The health risks of obesity include the development of comorbid conditions and increased overall mortality. Obesity increases health-related costs for both patients and the healthcare system and significantly affects workforce productivity through increased absenteeism and higher health and insurance payments for employers. Discrimination against obese individuals exists in the workplace and in various social contexts. Obesity is a chronic condition with complex, multiple causes involving physiologic, genetic, and behavioral components, all of which must be addressed for successful treatment. Traditional treatment options include diet, exercise, and behavior modification, but recently, pharmacotherapy has been incorporated as an effective and safe adjunct for long-term treatment of obesity. Additionally, bariatric surgery is an option for selected morbidly obese individuals. Weight losses of only 5% to 10% of initial body weight confer proven clinical benefits. Such modest weight losses can be achieved and maintained within a supportive environment provided in a primary care practice.
Test Capabilities in the CCAPS/CSDL Augmentor Development Facility (2013)

The Commonwealth Center for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems (CCAPS) has developed an augmentor development test facility at Virginia Tech’s Combustion System Dynamics Lab (CSDL) that will enable rapid evaluation of augmentor concepts as well as the development of diagnostic techniques for measuring heat release, species concentrations, flame speeds, pressure loss, and other quantities relevant to augmentor performance. This paper provides an overview of the rig’s design and capabilities and the diagnostic techniques that are being developed.
Multi-Dimensional Transfer Function Design Using Sorted Histograms (2006)

Multi-dimensional Transfer Functions (MDTFs) are increasingly used in volume rendering to produce high quality visualizations of complex data sets. A major factor limiting the use of MDTFs is that the available design tools have not been simple enough to reach wide usage outside of the research context, for instance in clinical medical imaging. In this paper we address this problem by defining an MDTF design concept based on improved histogram display and interaction in an exploratory process. To this end we propose sorted histograms, 2D histograms that retain the intuitive appearance of a traditional 1D histogram while conveying a second attribute. We deploy the histograms in medical visualizations using data attributes capturing domain knowledge e.g. in terms of homogeneity and typical surrounding of tissues. The resulting renderings demonstrate that the proposed concept supports a vast number of visualization possibilities based on multi-dimensional attribute data.
Reference Governors for Enforcing Compressor Surge Constraints (2016)

In turbocharged gasoline engines, the violation of the compressor surge constraint can be prevented by exploiting predictive control techniques based on the reference governor (RG). In this paper, two RG designs are considered: an inner-and an outer-loop RG. The inner-loop design governs the throttle command, and the outer-loop governs the requested air charge command. Numerical simulations and the experimental vehicle results are presented, showing that both designs enforce the surge constraint without the use of a compressor bypass valve, but that the inner-loop design requires scheduling in order to do so.
A Novel Approach to Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures Utilizing a Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Traction and Stabilization Device (2021)

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a surgical procedure performed with the objectives of restoring normal alignment and providing stability to broken bone fragments after a fracture. This procedure is increasingly used to treat fractures of the distal end of the radius. Reduction is achieved by the surgeon pulling and manipulating the hand while looking at real-time X-rays, and frequently requires large forces to distract impacted fragments from the proximal bone. This study presents the design and preliminary testing of a multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) device capable of performing both distraction and reduction of fractured bone fragments using a traction splint mechanism with locking ball joints. A prototype was manufactured, and tests were conducted by a practicing hand surgeon. Both qualitative and quantitative tests using a phantom arm were performed. Quantitative force testing found an 80% reduction in the maximum force required to create needed traction, while qualitative tests with a hand surgeon found the device's ability to reduce and stabilize bone fragments while the hardware is secured to be more intuitive and less obstructive than existing techniques.