gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic framework for estimating the residual drift of idealized SDOF systems of non‐degrading conventional and damped structures (2017)

Summary This paper presents a general framework for predicting the residual drift of idealized SDOF systems that can be used to represent non‐degrading structures, including those with supplemental dampers. The framework first uses post‐peak oscillation analysis to predict the maximum ratio of residual displacement to the peak transient displacement in a random sample. Then, residual displacement ratios obtained from nonlinear time‐history analyses using both farfield and near‐fault‐pulse records were examined to identify trends, which were explained using the oscillation mechanics of SDOF systems. It is shown that large errors can result in existing probability models that do not capture the influence of key parameters on the residual displacement. Building on the observations that were made, a general probability distribution for the ratio of residual displacement to the peak transient displacement that more accurately reflects the physical bounds obtained from post‐peak oscillation analysis is proposed for capturing the probabilistic residual displacement response of these systems. The proposed distribution is shown to be more accurate when compared with previously proposed distributions in the literature due to its explicit account of dynamic and damping properties, which have a significant impact on the residual displacement. This study provides a rational basis for further development of a residual drift prediction tool for the performance‐based design and analysis of more complex multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems.
Sec6‐dependent sorting of fungal extracellular exosomes and laccase of Cryptococcus neoformans (2009)

The cell wall of pathogenic fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans, provides a formidable barrier to secrete virulence factors that produce host cell damage. To study secretion of virulence factors to the cell periphery, sec6 RNAi mutant strains of C. neoformans were tested for virulence factor expression. The studies reported here show that SEC6 RNAi mutant strains were defective in a number of virulence factors including laccase, urease as well as soluble polysaccharide and demonstrated attenuated virulence in mice. Further analysis by transmission electron microscopy detected the production of abundant extracellular exosomes in wild-type strains containing empty plasmid, but a complete absence in the iSEC6 strain. In addition, a green fluorescent protein-laccase fusion protein demonstrated aberrant localization within cytoplasmic vesicles in iSEC6 strains. In contrast, iSEC6 strains retained normal growth at 37 degrees C, as well as substantially normal capsule formation, phospholipase activity and total secreted protein. These results provide the first molecular evidence for the existence of fungal exosomes and associate these vesicles with the virulence of C. neoformans.
Genetic Variants in Inflammation-Related Genes Are Associated with Radiation-Induced Toxicity Following Treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2010)

Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is often accompanied by the development of esophagitis and pneumonitis. Identifying patients who might be at increased risk for normal tissue toxicity would help in determination of the optimal radiation dose to avoid these events. We profiled 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 37 inflammation-related genes in 173 NSCLC patients with stage IIIA/IIIB (dry) disease who were treated with definitive radiation or chemoradiation. For esophagitis risk, nine SNPs were associated with a 1.5- to 4-fold increase in risk, including three PTGS2 (COX2) variants: rs20417 (HR:1.93, 95% CI:1.10-3.39), rs5275 (HR:1.58, 95% CI:1.09-2.27), and rs689470 (HR:3.38, 95% CI:1.09-10.49). Significantly increased risk of pneumonitis was observed for patients with genetic variation in the proinflammatory genes IL1A, IL8, TNF, TNFRSF1B, and MIF. In contrast, NOS3:rs1799983 displayed a protective effect with a 45% reduction in pneumonitis risk (HR:0.55, 95% CI:0.31-0.96). Pneumonitis risk was also modulated by polymorphisms in anti-inflammatory genes, including genetic variation in IL13. rs20541 and rs180925 each resulted in increased risk (HR:2.95, 95% CI:1.14-7.63 and HR:3.23, 95% CI:1.03-10.18, respectively). The cumulative effect of these SNPs on risk was dose-dependent, as evidenced by a significantly increased risk of either toxicity with an increasing number of risk genotypes (P<0.001). These results suggest that genetic variations among inflammation pathway genes may modulate the development of radiation-induced toxicity and, ultimately, help in identifying patients who are at an increased likelihood for such events.
Production of Colony-stimulating Factor by Malignant Leukocytes (1974)

Abstract There is considerable evidence supporting a role for colony-stimulating factor (CSF) as a humoral regulator of leukopoiesis. Data on CSF levels in the serum and urine of patients with leukemia and on the in vitro responsiveness of leukemic cells to CSF have suggested a basis for considering leukemia as a primary disorder of leukopoietic regulation. We examined the question of leukemic cell production of CSF. Conditioned medium from cultured leukemic cells was tested for colony-stimulating activity against normal human bone marrow using a two-layer agar colony assay technique. The cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis did not elaborate CSF nor did acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. CSF production was documented with cells obtained from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase and two patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. In acute leukemia the cellular production of CSF correlated closely with morphologic and functional maturation along the monocyte-macrophage line. Evidence was obtained that the adherent cells within the leukemic population were primarily responsible for CSF production. We interpret these data to indicate that neoplastic hematopoietic cells may produce CSF in relation to their capacity for mononuclear leukocyte differentiation.
Investigation of LTE Condition inside a Microwave Induced Nitrogen Plasma Torch (2014)

Optical emission spectroscopy is employed to determine the Fe I excitation temperature (Texc) and NH rotational temperature (Trot) inside the microwave excitation region of an atmospheric-pressure, microwave-induced plasma (MIP) torch operating in nitrogen. The plasma is operated at 2.45 GHz at an input power of 900 W with 50 W reflected, and inner and annular auxiliary nitrogen flow rates of 1 slpm each, and annular outer gas nitrogen flow rates of 13 and 25 slpm. Iron is introduced to the inner flow at a concentration of 200 ppm in a 1% HNO3 solution. Measured relative emission intensities of Fe I emission lines in the band between 370.56 and 376.72 nm are used to determine Texc using a fitting method assuming Boltzmann equilibrium. NH radical A( 3 Π)–X( 3 Σ ) spectra are also employed (in the band between approximately 335 and 343 nm) to determine Trot by comparing measured spectra with spectra calculated using the Specair software. The presence of overlapping spectral features from the N2 (C-B) second positive band near 337 nm are accounted for by activating these transitions in Specair in addition to the NH transitions. Good agreement between the Texc of Fe and Trot of NH is observed, indicating a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition. These temperatures range from approximately 5000 K near the inner gas flow injector to approximately 4000 K at a distance of 25 mm downstream of the injector. The temperatures do not change significantly as a function of the outer gas flow rate.
Differences between human and machine perception in medical diagnosis (2022)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) show promise in image-based medical diagnosis, but cannot be fully trusted since they can fail for reasons unrelated to underlying pathology. Humans are less likely to make such superficial mistakes, since they use features that are grounded on medical science. It is therefore important to know whether DNNs use different features than humans. Towards this end, we propose a framework for comparing human and machine perception in medical diagnosis. We frame the comparison in terms of perturbation robustness, and mitigate Simpson's paradox by performing a subgroup analysis. The framework is demonstrated with a case study in breast cancer screening, where we separately analyze microcalcifications and soft tissue lesions. While it is inconclusive whether humans and DNNs use different features to detect microcalcifications, we find that for soft tissue lesions, DNNs rely on high frequency components ignored by radiologists. Moreover, these features are located outside of the region of the images found most suspicious by radiologists. This difference between humans and machines was only visible through subgroup analysis, which highlights the importance of incorporating medical domain knowledge into the comparison.
Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of fine-needle aspiration specimens: utility in the diagnosis and classification of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (2011)

FCM enhances the diagnostic ability of FNA cytology, playing a crucial role in a rapid and accurate differential diagnosis between RP, B-NHL and T-NHL. In addition, immunophenotyping of FNA samples contributes to a more precise subclassification of B-NHL when combined with histopathology and genetic/molecular data.
Reply (2011)

Eye Institute at Stanford, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
Therapy of prostate cancer using a novel cancer terminator virus and a small molecule BH-3 mimetic (2015)

Despite recent advances, treatment options for advanced prostate cancer (CaP) remain limited. We are pioneering approaches to treat advanced CaP that employ conditionally replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses that simultaneously produce a systemically active cancer-specific therapeutic cytokine, mda-7/IL-24, Cancer Terminator Viruses (CTV). A truncated version of the CCN1/CYR61 gene promoter, tCCN1-Prom, was more active than progression elevated gene-3 promoter (PEG-Prom) in regulating transformation-selective transgene expression in CaP and oncogene-transformed rat embryo cells. Accordingly, we developed a new CTV, Ad.tCCN1-CTV-m7, which displayed dose-dependent killing of CaP without harming normal prostate epithelial cells in vitro with significant anti-cancer activity in vivo in both nude mouse CaP xenograft and transgenic Hi-Myc mice (using ultrasound-targeted microbubble (MB)-destruction, UTMD, with decorated MBs). Resistance to mda-7/IL-24-induced cell death correlated with overexpression of Bcl-2 family proteins. Inhibiting Mcl-1 using an enhanced BH3 mimetic, BI-97D6, sensitized CaP cell lines to mda-7/IL-24-induced apoptosis. Combining BI-97D6 with Ads expressing mda-7/IL-24 promoted ER stress, decreased anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 expression and enhanced mda-7/IL-24 expression through mRNA stabilization selectively in CaP cells. In Hi-myc mice, the combination induced enhanced apoptosis and tumor growth suppression. These studies highlight therapeutic efficacy of combining a BH3 mimetic with a novel CTV, supporting potential clinical applications for treating advanced CaP.
Selective etching of silicon carbide films (2023)

A method of etching silicon carbide using a nonmetallic mask layer. The method includes providing a silicon carbide substrate; forming a non-metallic mask layer by applying a layer of material on the substrate; patterning the mask layer to expose underlying areas of the substrate; and etching the underlying areas of the substrate with a plasma at a first rate, while etching the mask layer at a rate lower than the first rate.
Peroxouranyl-Containing W48 Wheel: Synthesis, Structure, and Detailed Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy Study (2020)

We report on the first example of a peroxouranium-containing {P<sub>8</sub>W<sub>48</sub>} wheel, [{(UO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>}<sub>2</sub>(P<sub>8</sub>W<sub>48</sub>O<sub>184</sub>)]<sup>40-</sup> (<b>1</b>), which was synthesized by a one-pot reaction of UO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O with the 48-tungsto-8-phosphate wheel [H<sub>7</sub>P<sub>8</sub>W<sub>48</sub>O<sub>184</sub>]<sup>33-</sup> and aqueous hydrogen peroxide in a pH 6 lithium acetate solution at 50 °C. Polyanion <b>1</b> comprises two tetrauranyl squares with side-on peroxo bridging ligands in the cavity of the {P<sub>8</sub>W<sub>48</sub>} wheel, and was isolated as the hydrated potassium-lithium salt K<sub>18</sub>Li<sub>22</sub>[{(UO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>}<sub>2</sub>(P<sub>8</sub>W<sub>48</sub>O<sub>184</sub>)]·133H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>KLi-1</b>), which was characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. A detailed Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy study was also performed.
Controlling Nucleation and Growth of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

Metal halide perovskite thin films can be crystallized via a broad range of solution-based routes. However, the quality of the final films is strongly dependent upon small changes in solution composition and processing parameters. Here, this study demonstrates that a fractional substitution of PbCl<sub>2</sub> with PbI<sub>2</sub> in the 3CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> I:PbCl<sub>2</sub> mixed-halide starting solution has a profound influence upon the ensuing thin-film crystallization. The presence of PbI<sub>2</sub> in the precursor induces a uniform distribution of regular quadrilateral-shaped CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite crystals in as-cast films, which subsequently grow to form pinhole-free perovskite films with highly crystalline domains. With this new formulation of 3CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> I:0.98PbCl<sub>2</sub> :0.02PbI<sub>2</sub> , this study achieves a 19.1% current-voltage measured power conversion efficiency and a 17.2% stabilized power output in regular planar heterojunction solar cells.
Two-band model interpretation of the p- to n-transition in ternary tetradymite topological insulators (2015)

The requirement for large bulk resistivity in topological insulators has led to the design of complex ternary and quaternary phases with balanced donor and acceptor levels. A common feature of the optimized phases is that they lie close to the p- to n-transition. The tetradymite Bi2Te3−xSex system exhibits minimum bulk conductance at the ordered composition Bi2Te2Se. By combining local and integral measurements of the density of states, we find that the point of minimum electrical conductivity at x = 1.0 where carriers change from hole-like to electron-like is characterized by conductivity of the mixed type. Our experimental findings, which are interpreted within the framework of a two-band model for the different carrier types, indicate that the mixed state originates from different types of native defects that strongly compensate at the crossover point.
The Significance of Multivalent Bonding Motifs and “Bond Order” in DNA-Directed Nanoparticle Crystallization (2016)

Multivalent oligonucleotide-based bonding elements have been synthesized and studied for the assembly and crystallization of gold nanoparticles. Through the use of organic branching points, divalent and trivalent DNA linkers were readily incorporated into the oligonucleotide shells that define DNA-nanoparticles and compared to monovalent linker systems. These multivalent bonding motifs enable the change of "bond strength" between particles and therefore modulate the effective "bond order." In addition, the improved accessibility of strands between neighboring particles, either due to multivalency or modifications to increase strand flexibility, gives rise to superlattices with less strain in the crystallites compared to traditional designs. Furthermore, the increased availability and number of binding modes also provide a new variable that allows previously unobserved crystal structures to be synthesized, as evidenced by the formation of a thorium phosphide superlattice.
Determination of Coefficient of Friction for Self-Expanding Stent-Grafts (2010)

Migration of stent-grafts (SGs) after endovascular aneurysm repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is a serious complication that may require secondary intervention. Experimental, analytical, and computational studies have been carried out in the past to understand the factors responsible for migration. In an experimental setting, it can be very challenging to correctly capture and understand the interaction between a SG and an artery. Quantities such as coefficient of friction (COF) and contact pressures that characterize this interaction are difficult to measure using an experimental approach. This behavior can be investigated with good accuracy using finite element modeling. Although finite element models are able to incorporate frictional behavior of SGs, the absence of reliable values of coefficient of friction make these simulations unreliable. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a method for determining the coefficients of friction of a self-expanding endovascular stent-graft. The methodology is demonstrated by considering three commercially available self-expanding SGs, labeled as A, B, and C. The SGs were compressed, expanded, and pulled out of polymeric cylinders of varying diameters and the pullout force was recorded in each case. The SG geometries were recreated using computer-aided design modeling and the entire experiment was simulated in ABAQUS 6.8/STANDARD. An optimization procedure was carried out for each SG oversize configuration to determine the COF that generated a frictional force corresponding to that measured in the experiment. The experimental pullout force and analytically determined COF for SGs A, B, and C were in the range of 6-9 N, 3-12 N, and 3-9 N and 0.08-0.16, 0.22-0.46, and 0.012-0.018, respectively. The computational model predicted COFs in the range of 0.00025-0.0055, 0.025-0.07, and 0.00025-0.006 for SGs A, B, and C, respectively. Our results suggest that for SGs A and B, which are exoskeleton based devices, the pullout forces increase upto a particular oversize beyond which they plateau, while pullout forces showed a continuous increase with oversize for SG C, which is an endoskeleton based device. The COF decreased with oversizing for both types of SGs. The proposed methodology will be useful for determining the COF between self-expanding stent-grafts from pullout tests on human arterial tissue.
An on-line variable length binary encoding (1995)

We present a methodology of an on-line variable-length binary encoding of a set of integers. The basic principle of this methodology is to maintain the prefix property amongst the codes assigned on-line to a set of integers growing dynamically. The prefix property enables unique decoding of a string of elements from this set. To show the utility of this on-line variable length binary encoding, we apply this methodology to encode the LZW codes. Application of this encoding scheme significantly improves the compression achieved by the standard LZW scheme. This encoding can be applied in other compression schemes to encode the pointers using variable-length binary codes. (Also cross-referenced as UMIACS-TR-95-39)
体験的な活動が生きる中学年社会科の学習 : 4年「鉄道を高架にする」の単元構成を通して (1991)

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Quantum phase gate using single atom nonlinearlity (2005)

The nonlinear optical response obtained from a single two level atom in a one-sided cavity is studied using a model system, where a infinite atomic layer sits in front of a reflecting mirror. When the atomic layer is placed at the antinode of input field, the result given by finite difference time domain method coupled with the optical Bloch equations is consistent with previous analytical result [ H F. Hofmann, K. Kojima, S. Takeuchi, and K. Sasaki, J. Opt. B <b>5</b>, 218 (2003) ] based on one-dimensional atom model.
NMR Study of LiBH_4 with C_(60) (2010)

LiBH_4 doped with 1.6 mol % well-dispersed C_(60) is studied with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Variable-temperature hydrogen NMR shows large changes between the data upon first heating and after exposure to 300 °C. After heating, a large fraction on the order of 50% of the hydrogen signal appears in a motionally narrowed peak, similar to a previous report of LiBH_4 in a porous carbon aerogel nanoscaffold. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR of ^(13)C in a ^(13)C-enriched sample finds the C_(60) has reacted already in the as-mixed (unheated) material. Dehydriding and rehydriding result in further ^(13)C spectral changes, with nearly all intensity being found in a broad peak corresponding to aromatic carbons. It thus appears that the previously reported improved dehydriding and rehydriding kinetics of this material at least partially result from in situ formation of a carbon framework. The method may offer a new route to dispersal of hydrides in carbon support structures.
Enhanced methodology for injection-based real-time parameter estimation to improve back-EMF self-sensing in induction machine deadbeat-direct torque and flux control drives (2017)

Back-EMF self-sensing is commonly used in induction machine (IM) drive systems. Deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) has also shown to be a highly effective method for IM control. At low speeds, accurate machine parameters are important for both DB-DTFC and back-EMF self-sensing performance. In this paper, an injection-based real-time parameter estimation method in IM DB-DTFC drives for improving the back-EMF self-sensing performance is proposed. The methodology for choosing an appropriate injected signal frequency is introduced. By injecting the signal, the positive and negative sequence components can be obtained through signal processing procedures. Then, machine parameters can be derived from these components. To obtain more accurate estimates, the rotor bar skin effect is considered. With encoder velocity feedback, the proposed DB-DTFC injection method induces no additional torque ripple, compared to traditional d-axis pulsating voltage vector injection used in IFOC. The positive and negative sequence components can be obtained with an electrical position estimation block. However, in self-sensing mode, the injected flux linkage induces an erroneous speed ripple, which causes a real speed ripple. Two approaches are presented to eliminate the speed ripple. Finally, with injection-based parameter estimation in IM DB-DTFC, the improvements of back-EMF self-sensing performance are experimentally evaluated.
Flame retardant polycyanurate thermosets from the cyanate esters of triphenylphosphine oxide (2018)

ABSTRACT Three cyanate esters containing phosphorus are synthesized in good overall yields starting from bromoanisoles. Di‐ and tricyanates with meta configuration are most stable while para is less so. The para dicyanate ester isomer is particularly affected by water from the atmosphere. The meta dicyanate ester 2 has good thermal properties with glass transition at 268 °C and char yield of 65% in air at 600 °C. All three phosphorus‐containing cyanate esters are low flammability in an open flame. They make highly combustible cyanate esters resins less flammable simply by blending. Mixing 10 wt% dicyanate ester 2 into bisphenol A or E dicyanate esters makes them rate V‐0. Published 2018. † J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56 , 1100–1110