gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ROBUST MORPHOLOGICALLY CONTINUOUS FOURIER DESCRIPTORS II: CONTINUITY AND OCCLUSION ANALYSIS (1992)

Fourier descriptors based upon the waveform induced by a pattern's projection overcome a number of classic difficulties with Fourier-descriptor methodology. Not only are the descriptors invariant with respect to scale, translation, and rotation (as is usually the case), they are also continuous in the Hausdorff metric and robust with respect to both point noise and occlusion; insensitivity with respect to minimum occlusions is perhaps their most significant advantage. Continuity in the Hausdorff metric allows prediction of the effect on the descriptors when morphologically filtering a pattern. The effect of occlusion is also predictable.
First Demonstration of Six-Mode PON Achieving a Record Gain of 4 dB in Upstream Transmission Loss Budget (2015)

The power budget and costs are the two primary concerns for access networks. A major challenge is to minimize upstream power combining loss to increase the power budget. Spatial modes multiplexing offers the possibility to minimize upstream combining loss without significant added costs. We demonstrate the first integrated six-mode passive optical network, utilizing spatial modes to eliminate upstream combining loss. A record 4-dB net gain in power budget was achieved by fusion splicing a photonic lantern with a FMF, in contrast to the traditional power combining scheme with a single-mode power combiner/splitter. BERs <10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−9</sup> were obtained for all the six modes enabling Ethernet transmission using commercial GPON equipment. The packet loss of all six modal channels was tested for 12 h. Finally, we discuss some special issues of few-mode PON regarding its practical application.
Design and implementation of a high-performance continuous media-on-demand server (1997)

High performance servers and high speed networks will form the backbone of the infrastructure required for distributed multimedia information systems. A server for an interactive distributed multimedia system may require thousands of gigabytes of storage space and high I/O bandwidth. Continuous media data, such as video or audio data, typically have large file size and need deadline-driven data delivery. This dissertation presents a high-performance solution to the I/O retrieval problem in a server for a distributed multimedia system. An architectural model of a server for such a system is developed. Parallelism of data retrieval is achieved by striping the data across multiple disks. The admission control policy for accepting a new request at steady state is presented. The performance of any server ultimately depends on the data access patterns. Modifications of the basic retrieval algorithm that exploit data access patterns in order to improve system throughput are presented. The results of a detailed, component-wise instrumentation of an implementation of the server model are presented. In order to maximize system utilization, and thus minimize cost, it is essential that the load be balanced among each of the server's components viz. the disks, the interconnection network and the scheduler. We develop dynamic allocation policies for improving server capacity. These policies assign media requests to the nodes of the server so as to balance the load on the interconnection network and the scheduling nodes. Five policies for request assignment, Round Robin (RR), Minimum Link Allocation (MLA), Minimum Contention Allocation (MCA), Weighted Minimum Link Allocation (WMLA) and Weighted Minimum Contention Allocation (WMCA) are developed. We also address the issues of file replication for achieving load balancing among the disks in the storage subsystem, and the effect of varying the concurrency of data retrieval from the storage subsystem. The performance of the dynamic allocation policies on an implementation of the server model is evaluated. The experimental results demonstrate the differences in the performance of the dynamic allocation policies with respect to the important metric of server stream capacity. The WMLA and WMCA policies significantly improve the stream capacity over that due to the other policies.
Polar polymer–solvent interaction derived favorable interphase for stable lithium metal batteries (2019)

Effective and dense Li plating/stripping by suppressing free solvents from intermolecular dipole–dipole interaction between a polar polymer &amp; solvents, resulting in high-performance Li-metal batteries.
Measurements and models of radio frequency impulsive noise for indoor wireless communications (1993)

The authors present the results of average and impulsive noise measurements inside several office buildings and retail stores. The noise measurement system operated at 918 MHz, 2.44 GHz, and 4 GHz with a nominal 40-MHz, 3-dB RF bandwidth. Omnidirectional and directional antennas were used to investigate the characteristics and sources of RF noise in indoor channels. Statistical analyses of the measurements are presented in the form of peak amplitude probability distributions, pulse duration distributions, and interarrival time distributions. Simple first-order mathematical models for these statistical characterizations are also presented. These analyses indicate that photocopiers, printers (both line printers and cash register receipt printers), elevators, and microwave ovens are significant sources of impulse noise in office and retail environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Amplification of Dihydrofolate Reductase Genes in Methotrexate-resistant Cultured Mouse Cells (1978)

Our laboratory has been investigating the mechanism whereby cultured cells acquire resistance to the four amino analogs of folic acid, a phenomenon often associated both in cultured cells and in human neoplasms (Bertino et al. 1963) with elevated levels of dihydrofolate reductase activity. Resistant cell variants containing up to a 300-fold increase in dihydrofolate reductase activity can be obtained by growth of cells in progressively increasing concentrations of methotrexate (Hakala et al. 1961; Fisher 1961; Friedkin et al. 1962). Previous reports from this laboratory, using a resistant cell line (AT-3000) and several clones (R-1 to R-4) obtained from the AT-3000 line, all of which have been derived from a mouse sarcoma S-180 cell line, have demonstrated that the increase in dihydrofolate reductase activity results solely from an increased rate of enzyme synthesis (Alt et al. 1976), and that there is a proportionality between the rate of enzyme synthesis and the...
Practical Considerations in Kinetic Resolution Reactions (2001)

This review provides a critical analysis of catalytic kinetic resolution reactions from a practical perspective, asking the question of when, if ever, is kinetic resolution the best option for the synthesis of an optically active target. A series of crucial conditions are identified, and it is postulated that if all of them are met, then indeed kinetic resolution can be highly practical. A variety of catalytic kinetic resolution processes are evaluated in the context of these criteria, with particular emphasis on catalyst availability, substrate scope, availability of the racemic substrate and of alternative methods for accessing enantiopure substrate or product, and key experimental considerations. It is found that several catalytic systems have been developed that offer almost unbeatable methods for the preparation of useful chiral building blocks.
Optimal reconfiguration strategy for a degradable multi-module computing system (1984)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/6232/5/bac6753.0001.001.pdf
What Will the Future of UAV Cellular Communications Be? A Flight From 5G to 6G (2022)

What will the future of UAV cellular communications be? In this tutorial article, we address such a compelling yet difficult question by embarking on a journey from 5G to 6G and expounding a large number of case studies supported by original results. We start by overviewing the status quo on UAV communications from an industrial standpoint, providing fresh updates from the 3GPP and detailing new 5G NR features in support of aerial devices. We then dissect the potential and the limitations of such features. In particular, we demonstrate how sub-6 GHz massive MIMO can successfully tackle cell selection and interference challenges, we showcase encouraging mmWave coverage evaluations in both urban and suburban/rural settings, and we examine the peculiarities of direct device-todevice communications in the sky. Moving on, we sneak a peek at next-generation UAV communications, listing some of the use cases envisioned for the 2030s. We identify the most promising 6G enablers for UAV communication, those expected to take the performance and reliability to the next level. For each of these disruptive new paradigms (non-terrestrial networks, cellfree architectures, artificial intelligence, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and THz communications), we gauge the prospective benefits for UAVs and discuss the main technological hurdles that stand in the way. All along, we distil our numerous findings into essential takeaways, and we identify key open problems worthy of further study.
Sub-pixel shadow mapping (2013)

The limited resolution of shadow maps may result in erroneous shadowing, yielding artificially jagged edges (Figure 1) and temporally crawling shadows even using perspective optimization techniques. Dai et al. [2008] propose an explicit storage of geometry within shadow map texels to avoid aliasing. Each texel stores the coordinates of the closest triangle only, potentially leading to false negatives in the intersection computation while incurring large memory consumption. These artifacts are reduced by intersecting the triangles stored in numerous neighboring texels, resulting in significant performance hit while still missing some intersections.
Studying the Effect of Stackup Structure of Large Die Size Fan-In Wafer Level Package at 0.35 mm Pitch With Varying Ball Alloy to Enhance Board Level Reliability Performance (2016)

In this study a four-layer fan-in wafer level package (WLP) structure (two passivation layers, one redistribution metal layer (RDL) and one under bump metallurgy layer (UBM) with die size 8 x 8 mm2 and ball pitch 0.35 mm is used for board level reliability (BLR) evaluation. The solder joint stress during BLR tests are highly related to the structure and solder ball alloy used in WLP bumping process based on simulation input. In this work, we evaluated different WLP structures with different stackup thickness including passivation layers, RDL layer, UBM layer and different solder ball alloy to reduce solder joint stress and thus enhance BLR performance. Besides, the impact of different die thickness post wafer grinding process was also included. All the different WLP structures have been evaluated by employing board level reliability test following JEDEC include thermal cycling test, drop test and cyclic 4-point bend test. From this work, an improved fan-in WLP stackup structure was demonstrated to pass board level TCT 500 cycles (include both corner chain balls/non-corner chain balls), drop test 150 times and cyclic bend test 200,000 cycles without any failure for 8x 8 mm2 die size at 0.35 mm pitch with doped SAC405 alloy.
Universal Behavior of Highly Confined Heat Flow in Semiconductor Nanosystems: From Nanomeshes to Metalattices (2023)

Nanostructuring on length scales corresponding to phonon mean free paths provides control over heat flow in semiconductors and makes it possible to engineer their thermal properties. However, the influence of boundaries limits the validity of bulk models, while first-principles calculations are too computationally expensive to model real devices. Here we use extreme ultraviolet beams to study phonon transport dynamics in a 3D nanostructured silicon <i>metalattice</i> with deep nanoscale feature size and observe dramatically reduced thermal conductivity relative to bulk. To explain this behavior, we develop a predictive theory wherein thermal conduction separates into a geometric <i>permeability</i> component and an intrinsic <i>viscous</i> contribution, arising from a new and universal effect of nanoscale confinement on phonon flow. Using experiments and atomistic simulations, we show that our theory applies to a general set of highly confined silicon nanosystems, from metalattices, nanomeshes, porous nanowires, to nanowire networks, of great interest for next-generation energy-efficient devices.
WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM FOR AN IN-MOTION EV (2021)

International audience
Aberrant Auditory Processing in Schizophrenia and in Subjects at Ultra-High-Risk for Psychosis (2011)

The N1 and the mismatch negativity (MMN) responses observed in electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings reflect sensory processing, sensory memory, and adaptation and are usually abnormal in patients with schizophrenia. However, their differential sensitivity to ultra-high-risk (UHR) status is controversial. The current study evaluated the sensitivity of MEG N1m, N1m adaptation, and magnetic counterpart of MMN (MMNm) in 16 UHR subjects, 15 schizophrenia patients, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) during a passive auditory oddball task. N1m adaptation was assessed using the difference in N1m dipole moment between the first and last standard tones in a standard stimulus sequence. N1m adaptation occurred in HCs, whereas neither the UHR nor the schizophrenia groups showed adaptation to the standard tone on repeated presentations. The UHR group had values between those for HCs and schizophrenia patients. Additionally, MMNm dipole moment was reduced in both the UHR and patient groups compared with HCs, whereas the UHR and schizophrenia groups did not differ from each other. These findings indicated that both N1m adaptation and MMNm were altered in UHR subjects and in schizophrenia patients, despite unaffected N1m dipole moment to the first standard tones. Moreover, both UHR and schizophrenia groups failed to show adaptation of the N1m to repeated standard tones. This failure in adaptation was more severe in patients than UHR subjects, suggesting that auditory adaptation may be sensitive to the progression of the illness and be an early biomarker of UHR for psychosis. Deficits in auditory sensory memory, on the other hand, may be similarly impaired in both groups.
Arbitrary complex retarders using a sequence of spatial light modulators as the basis for adaptive polarisation compensation (2021)

Abstract We show theoretically how a sequence of spatial light modulators (SLMs) can be used to compensate polarisation and phase errors introduced by a spatially variant homogeneous waveplate with any polarisation eigenmode and arbitrary retardance distribution. The resultant compensation is applicable to all pure input polarisation states. The properties of such a system are easily described using Jones calculus in terms of the retardance distribution on each SLM. However, it is not straightforward to determine from the Jones matrices the arrangements nor the settings of each SLM required to implement an arbitrary spatially variant retarder. In order to address this problem, analytic solutions for the required SLM settings are obtained through the construction of a geometrical model on the Poincaré sphere. These solutions are validated against numerical models. These models can be used, for example, to control a multi-pass SLM system acting as the correction device in an efficient vectorial adaptive optics system.
The Synthesis of the Carbocyclic Derivative of lin-Benzo-Separated 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine (1989)

Abstract The synthesis of the carbocyclic derivative of lin-benzo-2′,3′-dideoxyinosine has been accomplished as an example of a benzo-separated carbocyclic purine analogue.
Analytical modelling of via-associated recombination losses in MWT solar cells (2017)

This work focuses on analytical modelling as an alternative to numerical simulations for determining via-related recombination losses in MWT silicon solar cells. Two new analytical models are presented in this framework. The first model deals with calculation of the local via recombination velocity Svia from photoconductance lifetime measurements. The second model relates Svia to loss in VOC by solving the diffusion equation in two-dimensions. From short-loop tests, we show that these analytical models are valid over a wide range of via densities. The results also show that alkaline etching treatment after the laser via drilling step reduces Svia by an order of magnitude and thus allows for good via passivation. We then make use of these models for estimating VOC loss in our MWT solar cells as a result of via recombination. We find that via recombination losses can be substantial at high via densities and so by limiting the number of vias on large area cells (239 cm2) and with good via passivation, the VOC loss can be limited to ~ 1 mV. This finding is in agreement with our cell integration results.
Conformality of atomic layer deposition in microchannels: impact of process parameters on the simulated thickness profile (2021)

Unparalleled conformality is driving ever new applications for atomic layer deposition (ALD), a thin film growth method based on repeated self-terminating gas-solid reactions. In this work, we re-implemented a diffusion-reaction model from the literature to simulate the propagation of film growth in wide microchannels and used that model to explore trends in both the thickness profile as a function of process parameters and different diffusion regimes. In the model, partial pressure of ALD reactant was analytically approximated. Simulations were made as function of kinetic and process parameters such as temperature, (lumped) sticking coefficient, molar mass of the ALD reactant, reactant’s exposure time and pressure, total pressure, density of the grown material, and growth per cycle (GPC) of the ALD process. Increasing the molar mass and the GPC, for example, resulted in a decreasing penetration depth into the microchannel. The influence of the mass and size of the inert gas molecules on the thickness profile depended on the diffusion regime (free molecular flow vs. transition flow). The modelling was compared to a recent slope method to extract the sticking coefficient. The slope method gave systematically somewhat higher sticking coefficient values compared to the input sticking coefficient values; potential reasons behind the observed differences are discussed.
Dynamic Attack Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems with Side Initial State Information (2015)

This paper studies the impact of side initial state information on the detectability of data deception attacks against cyber-physical systems. We assume the attack detector has access to a linear function of the initial system state that cannot be altered by an attacker. First, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for an attack to be undetectable by any dynamic attack detector under each specific side information pattern. Second, we characterize attacks that can be sustained for arbitrarily long periods without being detected. Third, we define the zero state inducing attack, the only type of attack that remains dynamically undetectable regardless of the side initial state information available to the attack detector. Finally, we design a dynamic attack detector that detects detectable attacks.
A dynamic view of the proteomic landscape during differentiation of ReNcell VM cells, an immortalized human neural progenitor line (2019)

The immortalized human ReNcell VM cell line represents a reproducible and easy-to-propagate cell culture system for studying the differentiation of neural progenitors. To better characterize the starting line and its subsequent differentiation, we assessed protein and phospho-protein levels and cell morphology over a 15-day period during which ReNcell progenitors differentiated into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Five of the resulting datasets measured protein levels or states of phosphorylation based on tandem-mass-tag (TMT) mass spectrometry and four datasets characterized cellular phenotypes using high-content microscopy. Proteomic analysis revealed reproducible changes in pathways responsible for cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell phase transitions, neuronal migration, glial differentiation, neurotrophic signalling and extracellular matrix regulation. Proteomic and imaging data revealed accelerated differentiation in cells treated with the poly-selective CDK and GSK3 inhibitor kenpaullone or the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor mevastatin, both of which have previously been reported to promote neural differentiation. These data provide in-depth information on the ReNcell progenitor state and on neural differentiation in the presence and absence of drugs, setting the stage for functional studies.
Development of a state variable-based static compensator model (2002)

The development and implementation of a static VAr (volt-ampere reactive) compensator (SVC) model for digital transient simulation packages are described. The SVC model consists of a 12-pulse thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) with a thyristor switched capacitor (TSC). The equations for the circuit are obtained in state variable form using graph theory techniques and result in accurate, numerically stable solutions. The switching of the TSC capacitors has been modeled in a novel manner that saves on storage and computation time. The method of interfacing the model to a power system transients program is discussed. The transients program can be used to model large power systems external to the SVC model. A demonstration of the use of the SVC model in a power system simulation with the EMTDC packager is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Altered GABAA receptor function in women with endometriosis: a possible pain‐related mechanism (2023)

Women with painful endometriosis show altered GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor function, depicted as a muted response to an exogenous GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor agonist.
Bromine Complexes of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Supports: A Mild Reagent for the Transformation of α‐Oxoketene Dithioacetals to β‐Oxothiolesters (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient, Modular Route to New 2-Acyl-6-aminopentafulvenes and Planar-Chiral [N,O]-Functionalized Pentamethylruthenocenes (2009)

A modular, one-pot synthetic protocol was developed for new pentafulvenes containing hydrogen-bridged amino and carbonyl substituents. Starting from sodium cyclopentadienide, first an acyl functionality is introduced by reaction with various carboxylic esters, followed by regioselective iminoacylation with differently substituted imidoyl chlorides, giving access to a first family of 10 different 2-acyl-6-aminopentafulvenes. After deprotonation, these new ambidentate [N,O]H ligands react with early/hard transition metal synthons to give seven-membered metal-chelate κ2-complexes, or with electron-rich late transition metal synthons, e.g., pentamethylruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate, to give planar-chiral, functionalized η5-sandwich complexes. A second family of 1-acyl-2-imidoylpentamethylruthenocenes is thereby easily accessible as new ruthenocene [N,O]-metalloligands and for further use as planar-chiral synthons. Chemoselective and diastereoselective reduction of the acyl functionality gives imino(pentamethyl)ruthenocene alcohols as a third family of [N,O]H-metalloligands. For one case it is shown that such imino(pentamethyl)ruthenocene alcohols react with oxophilic Zr(IV) under ring closure to a novel pentamethylruthenocene-annelated 2H-pyrrolium salt. All new compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods, and 22 single-crystal X-ray analyses are reported.