gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fusions of a Probability Distribution (1992)

Starting with a Borel probability measure $P$ on $X$ (where $X$ is a separable Banach space or a compact metrizable convex subset of a locally convex topological vector space), the class $\mathscr{F}(P)$, called the fusions of $P$, consists of all Borel probability measures on $X$ which can be obtained from $P$ by fusing parts of the mass of $P$, that is, by collapsing parts of the mass of $P$ to their respective barycenters. The class $\mathscr{F}(P)$ is shown to be convex, and the ordering induced on the space of all Borel probability measures by $Q \prec P$ if and only if $Q \in \mathscr{F}(P)$ is shown to be transitive and to imply the convex domination ordering. If $P$ has a finite mean, then $\mathscr{F}(P)$ is uniformly integrable and $Q \prec P$ is equivalent to $Q$ convexly dominated by $P$ and hence equivalent to the pair $(Q, P)$ being martingalizable. These ideas are applied to obtain new martingale inequalities and a solution to a cost-reward problem concerning optimal fusions of a finite-dimensional distribution.
Electropolymerization of Methylene Blue Investigated Using On-Line Electrochemistry/Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (2001)

The initial products of the electrochemical polymerization of methylene blue were studied using a thin-layer flow cell coupled on-line with electrospray mass spectrometry. A potentiostatic technique was applied to initiate the polymerization while the soluble n-mers generated were monitored by mass spectrometry. Methylene blue dimers and trimers were observed at m/z values consistent with either “nitrogen-to-ring” coupling of the monomers or with “ring-to-ring” coupling of demethylated monomers during the electropolymerization. Experiments accomplished in D2O-based solutions prove that “nitrogen-to-ring” coupling is the dominant process.
Introductory Commentary on Regulation of LFA-1 Expression by CD34+ Cells and Inducible Growth Factor Production by Stroma Enable Formation of Bone Marrow Compartments, Torensma et al. (2000)

(2000). Introductory Commentary on Regulation of LFA-1 Expression by CD34+ Cells and Inducible Growth Factor Production by Stroma Enable Formation of Bone Marrow Compartments, Torensma et al.. Hematology: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 293-293.
Supplementary Data from Multiomics Analysis of Spatially Distinct Stromal Cells Reveals Tumor-Induced O-Glycosylation of the CDK4–pRB Axis in Fibroblasts at the Invasive Tumor Edge (2023)

Supplementary Data from Multiomics Analysis of Spatially Distinct Stromal Cells Reveals Tumor-Induced O-Glycosylation of the CDK4–pRB Axis in Fibroblasts at the Invasive Tumor Edge
Latent Membrane Protein 1 Regulates STAT1 through NF-κB-Dependent Interferon Secretion in Epstein-Barr Virus-Immortalized B Cells (2005)

Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a distinctive feature of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized B cells (lymphoblastoid cell lines [LCLs]). The expression of STAT1 in these cells is modulated by the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), but the mechanism of STAT1 activation has remained unclear. We demonstrate that the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 in LCLs results from an indirect pathway encompassing an NF-kappaB-dependent secretion of interferons (IFNs). The cell culture supernatant of LCLs induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 in cells with no constitutively activated STAT1. Moreover, removal of supernatant from LCLs was sufficient to decrease the phosphorylation of STAT1. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by different pharmacological inhibitors (i.e., parthenolide, MG132 and BAY 11-7082) and by overexpressed mutated IkappaBalpha prevented the activation of STAT1. To identify the factors involved, we performed macroarray cDNA profiling with or without inhibition of NF-kappaB. The expression of several cytokines was NF-kappaB dependent among those alpha and gamma IFNs (IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma), known activators of STAT1. By real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we show that IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma are expressed and released by LCLs in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner. Finally, the blocking of the IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma by neutralizing antibodies led to the complete inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1. Taken together, our results clearly show that LMP1-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 is almost exclusively due to the NF-kappaB-dependent secretion of IFNs. Whether this response, which is usually considered to be antiviral, is in fact required for the persistence of the virus remains to be elucidated.
The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and anticancer activity of new mono and binuclear phosphanegold(i) dithiocarbamate complexes (2014)

Four new gold(<sc>i</sc>) complexes were synthesized and characterized. The structure of [<italic>t</italic>-Bu<sub>3</sub>PAuS<sub>2</sub>CN(C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] was determined by X-ray diffraction.
Integrated Health Monitoring and Controls for Rocket Engines (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Current research in intelligent control systems at the Lewis Research Center is described in the context of a functional framework. The framework is applicable to a variety of reusable space propulsion systems for existing and future launch vehicles. It provides a “road map” for technology development to enable enhanced engine performance with increased reliability, durability and maintainability. The framework hierarchy consists of a mission coordination level, a propulsion system coordination level, and an engine control level. Each level is described in the context of the Space Shuttle Main Engine. The concept of integrating diagnostics with control is discussed within the context of the functional framework. A distributed real-time simulation test bed is used to realize and evaluate the functionalities in closed loop.&lt;/div&gt;
Distributed Computing: Models and Methods. (1990)

Jan van Leeuwen asked me to write a chapter on distributed systems for this handbook. I realized that I wasn’t familiar enough with the literature on distributed algorithms to write it by myself, so I asked Nancy Lynch to help. I also observed that there was no chapter on assertional verification of concurrent algorithms. (That was probably due to the handbook’s geographical origins, since process algebra rules in Europe.) So I included a major section on proof methods. As I recall, I wrote most of the first three sections and Lynch wrote the fourth section on algorithms pretty much by herself.
Pulmonary Administration of Vasoactive Substances by Perfluorochemical Ventilation (1996)

This study demonstrates that vasoactive agents can be delivered to the lung directly by PAD during PFC liquid ventilation. The inherent advantages of this method relate to the physical properties of PFC liquid ventilation as a vehicle (respiratory gas solubility, low surface tension-enhancing distribution, and inertness precluding interaction) and physiological properties of the lung as an exchanger.
Integrated Schedule and Trajectory Optimization for Connected Automated Vehicles in a Conflict Zone (2020)

The large-scale application of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) provides new opportunities and challenges for the optimization and management of traffic conflict zones. To improve the traffic efficiency of conflict zones and reduce the travel delay and fuel consumption of CAVs, this paper presents a two-level optimization method of scheduling and trajectory planning for CAVs. At the first level, a 0&#x2013;1 mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is proposed for vehicles entering scheduling. At the second level, a multi-vehicle optimal trajectory control model is developed based on the optimal vehicle schedule from the first level. Then, to reduce the complexity of solving the multi-vehicle optimal trajectory control model, we transform this model into non-linear programming (NLP) based on the infinitesimal method. Moreover, a rolling optimization strategy is developed to facilitate field application. Numerical simulation experiments of different traffic scenarios are conducted, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce vehicle delays and fuel consumption, compared with the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method. The numerical results show that the vehicle delay can be reduced by up to 54&#x0025; and fuel consumption by up to 34&#x0025; under different traffic demands. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the performance of the proposed method is mainly determined by the minimum safety time interval of vehicles entering the conflict zone.
Supp. Movie 3 from <i>Ex Vivo</i> Profiling of PD-1 Blockade Using Organotypic Tumor Spheroids (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Device loading, media addition, media extraction&lt;/p&gt;
Temperature dependent latency of jumper cables (2022)

The temperature dependence of the latency of an optical signal transmitted over an optical fiber was investigated by means of a correlation OTDR. While the bare fiber showed a linear latency increase over temperature, the jumper cable inside a jacket with tight buffer as inner jacket showed an increased elongation effect, especially in the range of lower tempera-tures. This could be attributed to the tight buffer. For future latency sensitive applications in the area of 5G networks these effects have to be taken into account.
Fc receptor γ-chain activation via hOSCAR induces survival and maturation of dendritic cells and modulates Toll-like receptor responses (2005)

We previously reported the characterization of human osteoclast-associated receptor (hOSCAR), a novel Fc receptor gamma-chain (FcRgamma)-associated receptor expressed by myeloid cells. Here we show that ligation of hOSCAR by specific antibodies promotes dendritic cell (DC) survival by an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent pathway, linked to expression of the Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) antiapoptotic molecules. Crosslinking of hOSCAR leads to maturation of DCs, as demonstrated by up-regulation of maturation markers, decrease in dextran uptake capacity, and secretion of immunesystem effectors such as interleukin-8 (IL-8)/CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), IL-12 p40, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/chemokine receptor ligand 2 (CCL2) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL22. Stimulation of hOSCAR acts in conjunction with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R-848, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), to increase the expression of maturation markers, and to modulate cytokine release. A PI3K-dependent up-regulation of IL-10 release is observed with all the TLR ligands used, whereas regulation of IL-12 production is variable depending on the TLR stimulated. hOSCAR engagement on DCs did not significantly increase the proliferation of naive T cells; however, when co-incubated with TLR ligands, an enhanced proliferation was observed. The percentage of interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing T cells is decreased when hOSCAR engagement is combined with LPS stimulation. Altogether, these data suggest that hOSCAR may modulate the responses of both innate resistance and adaptive immunity.
Fluid-induced pattern-formation in 3D photonic crystals with spatially\n varying surface functionalization (2010)

We introduce a 3D porous photonic crystal whose inner surfaces are chemically\nfunctionalized in arbitrary spatial patterns with micro-scale resolution. We\nuse this platform to demonstrate pattern-formation.\n
Equine mesenchymal stromal cells and embryo-derived stem cells are immune privileged in vitro (2014)

Equine MSCs and ESCs possess a degree of innate immune privilege, and MSCs secrete soluble factors that suppress PBMC proliferation and alter cytokine expression. These properties may make possible the future clinical use of allogeneic stem cells to help standardize and broaden the scope of treatment of tissue injuries.
Quantification of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Lignin via 19F NMR Spectroscopy (2023)

Phenolic moieties strongly influence lignin reactivity and physical properties, and thus accurate quantification of phenolic groups in lignin is a critical analytical chemistry need. Today, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is widely considered the standard method to this end, but this approach uses a hazardous and expensive derivatization agent, and the NMR spectroscopy experiments are time consuming due to long relaxation times. Here, we report a complementary method that enables accurate identification and quantification of phenolic groups in lignin samples using pentafluoropyridine (PFP) as a derivatizing reagent followed by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent in the presence of K2CO3, phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin model compounds were fully converted to the corresponding tetrafluoropyridyl-ether products within 1 min. PFP exhibits high selectivity for the reaction with phenolic hydroxyl groups relative to aliphatic alcohols, and we show that side reactions with carboxylic acids, if present, can be avoided through the addition of 40% water to the reaction solvent. The PFP 19F method achieved similar results compared to 31P NMR spectroscopy when applied to reductive catalytic fractionation oil from poplar, softwood kraft lignin, and corn stover milled wood lignin, thereby offering a safe and cost-effective method for phenolic measurements in lignin.
Cell Therapy with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells for Elastase-Induced Pulmonary Emphysema in Rats (2012)

Not only HGF, but also CINC-1, secreted from transplanted and viable ASCs presumably contributed to lung repair through angiogenesis.
The Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone at Peripheral Nociceptors: Implications for Pain Modulation (2020)

Peripheral nociceptors and their synaptic partners utilize neuropeptides for signal transmission. Such communication tunes the excitatory and inhibitory function of nociceptor-based circuits, eventually contributing to pain modulation. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the initiator hormone for the conventional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, preparing our body for stress insults. Although knowledge of the expression and functional profiles of CRH and its receptors and the outcomes of their interactions has been actively accumulating for many brain regions, those for nociceptors are still under gradual investigation. Currently, based on the evidence of their expressions in nociceptors and their neighboring components, several hypotheses for possible pain modulations are emerging. Here we overview the historical attention to CRH and its receptors on the peripheral nociception and the recent increases in information regarding their roles in tuning pain signals. We also briefly contemplate the possibility that the stress-response paradigm can be locally intrapolated into intercellular communication that is driven by nociceptor neurons. Such endeavors may contribute to a more precise view of local peptidergic mechanisms of peripheral pain modulation.
Smart Algorithms for Determination of Interfacial Tension (IFT) between Injected Gas and Crude Oil – Applicable to EOR Projects (2023)

Abstract Rampant move towards the energy transition landscape has propelled the need to reduce and manage greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To this end, it is pivotal to explore cost-effective avenues to utilize GHG and flue gases that can lead to achieving a reduction in emissions target and provide EOR opportunities. Accordingly, the injection of these gases in oil reservoirs allows for hitting two targets with one arrow. Nevertheless, the success of these projects is dependent on accurate IFT estimates between injected gas and resident hydrocarbons. Therefore, this paper evaluates the utility of machine learning algorithms for the estimation of IFT between a mixture of CO2:N2 and straight-chain alkanes for variable temperature/pressure conditions. A systematic approach is adopted to implement predictive models for IFT prediction by utilizing over 250 experimental data points from the available literature. A comprehensive statistical analysis is performed to achieve model generalization capabilities and improve control over the most relevant input parameters. Consequently, IFT is demarcated as a function of four readily available inputs with pressure and temperature being the most obvious, while carbon number and flue gas mole fraction is also incorporated as critical parameters. Various smart approaches in this work are proposed through the development of an IFT predictor using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms. Machine learning model training is enhanced using a K-fold cross-validation technique combined with the exhaustive grid search algorithm. Post-training, the developed models are tested for reliability using blind datasets reserved for this purpose. A fair comparison between model efficiency is ensured by using an in-depth error analysis schema that includes various metrics like the correlation of determination, average error analysis, graphical error analysis, and scatter plots. This allows a relative ranking system to be generated that weighs various factors to classify one model as the most efficient. For the IFT prediction problem, it was found that the neural network was aptly able to yield high efficiency and low errors. This stems from the way ANNs function to map the non-linearity relationship between carbon number and the IFT. It was also observed that enhancement of the intelligent model training through multiple techniques resulted in optimized hyperparameters/parameters.
Zur Selektivität prim., sek. und tert. Alkyl‐Radikale in Additionsreaktionen (1980)

Abstract Bei der Reduktion von Alkylquecksilbersalzen 4 und 5 mit NaBH 4 werden Alkyl‐Radikale 1 als Zwischenstufen gebildet. Diese „Quecksilbermethode”︁ ermöglicht die Messung der Selektivität prim., sek. und tert. Radikale in Additionsreaktionen mit Alkenen 6 – 12 , weil die Addukt‐Radikale 13 – 19 quantitativ zu den Produkten 20 – 26 abreagieren. Dimerisierung, Disproportionierung, Polymerisation, Sauerstoffeinfang und β‐Bindungsbruch konkurrieren nicht merklich mit der Wasserstoffübertragung auf 13 – 19 . Die Messungen zeigen, daß die Alkyl‐Radikale 1 nucleophile Eigenschaften besitzen und ihre Selektivität in der Reihe prim. &lt; sek. &lt; tert. Radikal zunimmt (Tab. 1). Wenn sterische Effekte keine wesentliche Rolle spielen, kann die Reaktivitäts‐ und Selektivitätsabstufung mittels der Theorie der Grenzorbitalwechselwirkung beschrieben werden. Als Konsequenz dieser Theorie nimmt die Selektivität mit steigender Reaktivität zu.
Pedestrian detection using labeled depth data (2013)

This paper presents pedestrian detection algorithm on labeled depth data which is obtained from road scenes. Our approach computes feature responses for head and legs of human body using depth and label data. And then, it detects pedestrians by removing edges and partitioning a bipartite graph of head and leg response blobs using prior knowledge about human body. In the experiments, the proposed algorithm produces better result compared to the method which uses histogram of gradient feature and the ground plane for road scenes.
Niche displacement of human leukemic stem cells uniquely allows their competitive replacement with healthy HSPCs (2014)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) is currently the leading strategy to manage acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, treatment-related morbidity limits the patient generalizability of HSCT use, and the survival of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) within protective areas of the bone marrow (BM) continues to lead to high relapse rates. Despite growing appreciation for the significance of the LSC microenvironment, it has remained unresolved whether LSCs preferentially situate within normal HSC niches or whether their niche requirements are more promiscuous. Here, we provide functional evidence that the spatial localization of phenotypically primitive human AML cells is restricted to niche elements shared with their normal counterparts, and that their intrinsic ability to initiate and retain occupancy of these niches can be rivaled by healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). When challenged in competitive BM repopulation assays, primary human leukemia-initiating cells (L-ICs) can be consistently outperformed by HSPCs for BM niche occupancy in a cell dose-dependent manner that ultimately compromises long-term L-IC renewal and subsequent leukemia-initiating capacity. The effectiveness of this approach could be demonstrated using cytokine-induced mobilization of established leukemia from the BM that facilitated the replacement of BM niches with transplanted HSPCs. These findings identify a functional vulnerability of primitive leukemia cells, and suggest that clinical development of these novel transplantation techniques should focus on the dissociation of L-IC-niche interactions to improve competitive replacement with healthy HSPCs during HSCT toward increased survival of patients.
Detection by monoclonal antibodies of the Wilms' tumor (WT1) nuclear protein in patients with acute leukemia (1997)

The WT1 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator which during embryogenesis is involved in growth control and differentiation of diverse tissues. It is also expressed in few human malignancies, including acute leukemia. We tested 3 different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs H2, H7, HCl7) and the polyvalent serum WTC-19 for WT1 protein detection in mononuclear cell (MNC) preparations of 104 newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients. Using RT-PCR, these MNC preparations were also analyzed for WT1 gene expression. MAbs H2, H7 and HCl7 and the polyclonal WTC-19 exhibited nuclear immunoreactivity in 63 of 99, 28 of 56, 38 of 60 and 22 of 43 WT1 gene-expressing leukemia samples, respectively. With these antibodies, no WT1 immunoreactivity was found in MNCs from blood of healthy volunteers, from CD34+ progenitor cell-enriched leukapheresis products of patients conditioned for peripheral stem cell harvest or from reactive bone marrow. Contrary to WTC-19, all MAbs reacted highly specifically with the WT1 protein (0.71 vs. 1.0). The WT1 protein was heterogeneously detected in leukemia blast preparations by all antibodies, irrespective of cell morphology. Very few HL60 cells and blasts from newly diagnosed leukemia patients interspersed among normal blood MNCs (50 blasts among 5 x 10(5) MNCs) were easy to identify by indirect immunofluorescence using MAbs H2 and HCl7. Taken together, MAbs H2 and HCl7 were superior to MAb H7 and the polyvalent WTC-19 in detecting the WT1 nuclear protein.