gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A combined DMA and application-specific prefetching approach for tackling the memory latency bottleneck (2006)

Memory latency has always been a major issue in embedded systems that execute memory-intensive applications. This is even more true as the gap between processor and memory speed continues to grow. Hardware and software prefetching have been shown to be effective in tolerating the large memory latencies inherit in large off-chip memories; however, both types of prefetching have their shortcomings. Hardware schemes are more complex and require extra circuitry to compute data access strides, while software schemes generate prefetch instructions, which if not computed carefully may hamper performance. On the other hand, some applications domains (such as multimedia) have a uniform and known a priori memory access pattern, that if exploited, could yield significant application performance improvement. With this characteristic in mind, we present our findings on hiding memory latency using the direct memory access (DMA) mode, which is present in all modern systems, combined with a software prefetch mechanism, and a customized on-chip memory hierarchy mapping. Compared to previous approaches, we are able to estimate the performance and power metrics, without actually implementing the embedded system. Experimental results on nine well known multimedia and imaging applications prove the efficiency of our technique. Finally, we verify the performance estimations by implementing and simulating the algorithms on the TI C6201 processor.
Wireless Discrete-Time Receivers (2022)

The first comprehensive guide to discrete-time (DT) receivers (RX), discussing the fundamental concepts and implications of the technology. This book will serve as an essential reference, covering the necessary building blocks of this field, such as low-noise transconductance amplifiers, current-driven mixers, DT band-pass filters, and DT low-pass filters. As well as addressing the basics, the authors present the most recent state-of-the-art techniques applied to the DT RX blocks. A step-by-step style is used to allow readers to develop the required skills to design the DT receivers at the architecture level, while providing in-depth knowledge of the details. Written by leading experts from academia, research, and industry, this book provides an excellent reference to the subject for a wide audience, from postgraduate students to experienced researchers and professionals working with RF circuits.
Influence of the oxide aperture radius on the mode spectra of (Al,Ga)As vertical microcavities with electrically excited InP quantum dots (2013)

In this letter, we report about mode characteristics of microcavity lasers with red-emitting InP quantum dots. The mode spectra and the quality factor of devices with different oxide aperture sizes are analyzed. The lateral mode confinement in the electrical devices is defined via oxide apertures. We found a good agreement between a simple analytical modeling of the mode structure and measurements, which allows to adjust the design of future devices. The quality factors show an analogous behavior as etched micropillars. The enhanced intensity of the higher order modes compared to the fundamental mode can be explained with the current density distribution within the device favoring higher order modes.
<title>Managing context for Internet videoconferences: the multimedia Internet recorder and archive</title> (1999)

Multimedia objects are difficult to query since much of the content of the object is beyond the interpretive capabilities of a computer. State-of-the-art multimedia content-based retrieval systems focus on post mortem analysis of the underlying data objects to derive semantic information. With the emergence of inexpensive I/O technology we can shift some of the burden of this content analysis to `smart' devices that can capture context information about a multimedia object. Context information includes the geographical location an object is created or used, identities of users, activities of users and other applications, etc. Such information can be used to index the multimedia objects to perform content-based queries with minimal signal processing. We are concerned with the design and implementation of a context-based retrieval system for IP-multicast videoconferences. The Multimedia Internet Recorder and Archive (MIRA) models a videoconference as a Bayesian network that describes bounds on `cost' and `reliability' for a recording task. Context about a videoconference is derived from monitoring the RTCP control channel and messaging events that occur among meeting participants. MIRA creates an index of context information as an XML document that is used by clients to visualize, browse, and retrieve multimedia objects. MIRA also creates event-based transcripts as summaries of meetings. These transcripts are available over the WWW.
Pd-catalyzed oxidative kinetic resolution of 2-azido-1-arylethanols (2005)

(-)-Sparteine/ Pd (II) complex in combination with oxygen as a stoichiometric oxidant, catalyses the oxidative kinetic resolution of β-azido alcohols to afford the corresponding chiral 2-azido-1-arylethanols.
Study of the Reliability Impact of Chlorine Precursor Residues in Thin Atomic-Layer-Deposited Layers (2007)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) with HfCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> as a precursor is widely used for HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> fabrication. Due to the nature of the precursor under study, i.e., HfCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O, the presence of chlorine residues in the film due to insufficient hydrolysis is eminent. Obviously, the chlorine residue in the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film is suspected to affect the quality of the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film. In this paper, The authors reduced the concentration of chlorine residues by increasing the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O oxidant pulse time in between the deposition cycles from 0.3 to 10 and 90 s. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis shows that this decreases the chlorine concentration in the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film by more than one order of magnitude. However, time-dependent dielectric breakdown analysis shows that the lifetime remains quasi unaffected (within identical error bars) for the different injection cycles. Charge pumping analysis was done by varying both pulse frequency and amplitude to investigate the creation of defects, but negligible differences were observed. Therefore, the presence of chlorine residues has no significant impact on the trap generation and reliability of ALD HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layers, and this result corresponded with the mobility result. The experimental picture is confirmed with first-principle calculations that show that the presence of chlorine residues does not induce defect levels in the bandgap of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>
Photoacoustic Properties of Single Crystal NiO (2004)

Thermal and electron transport properties of NiO single crystal were determined using the photoacoustic frequency transmission technique. Thermal diffusivity, coefficient of carrier diffusion, their lifetime, and the front and rear recombination velocity were calculated by comparing the experimental results with the theoretical photoacoustic amplitude and phase signals. As far as we know, no photoacoustic measurements on NiO samples have been made by now.
Validation of a Model for the Complex of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with Nonnucleoside Inhibitor TMC125 (2003)

The structure for the complex of nonnucleoside inhibitor TMC125 and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase has been determined and validated through computation of resistance profiles using Monte Carlo/free-energy perturbation calculations. The good quantitative agreement between the computed and experimental anti-HIV activities for TMC125, nevirapine, and efavirenz with wild-type RT and four common mutants (L100I, K103N, Y181C, and Y188L) confirms the correctness of the predicted structure and provides insights into the improved potency of this novel NNRTI. The blue shading in the figure indicates basic residues.
Predicting Driver Fatigue in Automated Driving with Explainability (2021)

Research indicates that monotonous automated driving increases the incidence of fatigued driving. Although many prediction models based on advanced machine learning techniques were proposed to monitor driver fatigue, especially in manual driving, little is known about how these black-box machine learning models work. In this paper, we proposed a combination of eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to predict driver fatigue with explanations due to their efficiency and accuracy. First, in order to obtain the ground truth of driver fatigue, PERCLOS (percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil over time) between 0 and 100 was used as the response variable. Second, we built a driver fatigue regression model using both physiological and behavioral measures with XGBoost and it outperformed other selected machine learning models with 3.847 root-mean-squared error (RMSE), 1.768 mean absolute error (MAE) and 0.996 adjusted $R^2$. Third, we employed SHAP to identify the most important predictor variables and uncovered the black-box XGBoost model by showing the main effects of most important predictor variables globally and explaining individual predictions locally. Such an explainable driver fatigue prediction model offered insights into how to intervene in automated driving when necessary, such as during the takeover transition period from automated driving to manual driving.
Immunophenotyping of mast cells: a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for systemic mastocytosis. (2009)

Immunophenotyping of bone marrow derived mast cells is not only a very sensitive but also a very specific method to diagnose SM with high positive and negative predictive value.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxyhydrative Scission of Olefins. Part 3. An Extension to Various Olefins and Ketones. (1987)

Abstract The oxidation over a V 2 O 5 ‐MoO3 (V/Mo = 9/1) catalyst in the presence of water vapor is studied.
Nocardia testaceus Sp. Nov. and Nocardia senatus Sp. Nov., Isolated from Patients in Japan (2004)

Two actinomycete strains isolated from sputum between 1999 and 2001 in Japan were provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia based on morphological criteria. These isolates were further studied in order to determine their specific taxonomic status. Detailed chemotaxonomic characterization and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis of these isolates also confirmed that they belong to the genus Nocardia. The 16S rDNA sequence data of the two strains showed that they are most similar to that of Nocardia carnea and Nocardia flavorosea. However, DNA-DNA relatedness data showed that the two strains could be distinguished from N. carnea and N. flavorosea and therefore represented two new species within the genus Nocardia. The designation of the two isolated strains are Nocardia testaceus for IFM 0937(T) (=JCM 12235(T), DSM 44765(T)) and Nocardia senatus for IFM 10088(T) (=JCM 12236(T), DSM 44766(T)).
Enhanced Ability of Plant-Derived PGT121 Glycovariants To Eliminate HIV-1-Infected Cells (2021)

The activity of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting HIV-1 depends on pleiotropic functions, including viral neutralization and the elimination of HIV-1-infected cells. Several <i>in vivo</i> studies have suggested that passive administration of bNAbs represents a valuable strategy for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1. In addition, different strategies are currently being tested to scale up the production of bNAbs to obtain the large quantities of antibodies required for clinical trials. Production of antibodies in plants permits low-cost and large-scale production of valuable therapeutics; furthermore, pertinent to this work, it also includes an advanced glycoengineering platform. In this study, we used Nicotiana benthamiana to produce different Fc-glycovariants of a potent bNAb, PGT121, with near-homogeneous profiles and evaluated their antiviral activities. Structural analyses identified a close similarity in overall structure and glycosylation patterns of Fc regions for these plant-derived Abs and mammalian cell-derived Abs. When tested for Fc-effector activities, afucosylated PGT121 showed significantly enhanced FcγRIIIa interaction and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against primary HIV-1-infected cells, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i>. However, the overall galactosylation profiles of plant PGT121 did not affect ADCC activities against infected primary CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Our results suggest that the abrogation of the Fc N-linked glycan fucosylation of PGT121 is a worthwhile strategy to boost its Fc-effector functionality. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> PGT121 is a highly potent bNAb and its antiviral activities for HIV-1 prevention and therapy are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. The importance of its Fc-effector functions in clearing HIV-1-infected cells is also under investigation. Our results highlight enhanced Fc-effector activities of afucosylated PGT121 MAbs that could be important in a therapeutic context to accelerate infected cell clearance and slow disease progression. Future studies to evaluate the potential of plant-produced afucosylated PGT121 in controlling HIV-1 replication <i>in vivo</i> are warranted.
Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2022)

History of AFF and AFF on ECG at enrollment were associated with a higher risk of the primary outcome. First-detected AFF was not influenced by sacubitril/valsartan, yet it was associated with increased risk of all subsequent outcomes and may represent a potential target for future HFpEF trials. (Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696 Compared to Valsartan, on Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction [PARAGON-HF]; NCT01920711).
The Effect of the Refractive Index of a Varnish on the Appearance of Oil Paintings (2003)

An optical model was derived that predicted the spectral reflectance of a varnished oil painting based on the illumination angle of incidence, refractive indices of the varnish resin and paint-layer surface, spectral transmittance of the varnish, and internal spectral reflectance of the paint layer. A computational analysis was performed to predict common visual phenomena caused by varnishing, such as the increase in color gamut and contrast. Of particular interest was the importance of varnish resin refractive index on color appearance. The analysis revealed that the refractive index of the varnish resin has a very small impact on changing the appearance of a varnished painting, about one CIEDE2000 color-difference unit under exaggerated conditions. The model was also used to analyze how the addition of first-surface reflectance, caused by a varnish resin (telegraphing' (replicating) the surface roughness of a paint layer, affects color appearance. In this case, large color changes occurred, about 20 CIEDE2000 color-difference units. Given that the ability of a varnish resin to level or replicate surface roughness is dependent on its molecular weight, it is clear that of the two physical parameters, refractive index and molecular weight, molecular weight is the dominant parameter in how a varnish resin affects the appearance of an oil painting.
Polymérisation du méthacrylate de méthyle en solution et en bloc (1948)

Abstract La polymérisation du méthacrylate de méthyle en solution est fortement influencée par le pouvoir dissolvant du milieu de réaction; à des concentrations de 32,9 p. 100 de monomère, la réaction suit un ordre apparent de premier ordre, par rapport au monomère, si le polymère est soluble dans le solvant. Dans le cas contraire, la réaction subit une accélération notable, concomitamment à une augmentation considérable du poids moléculaire; ces deux effets sont attribués à une diminution de la vitesse de rupture au sein du milieu très visqueux. Par des essais de polymérisation en bloc du méthacrylate de méthyle pur et en présence de nitrobenzène, comme inhibiteur, cette explication est confirmée. La polydispersité des produits ainsi obtenus a été établie; il se manifeste deux maxima nets dans la courbe de répartition en poids des polymères fractionnés.
Environmentally Friendly and Efficient: Iron‐Mediated Reduction of 3‐Methyl‐5‐aryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles to Benzamidines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
FP2 plasmid curing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1983)

A procedure for the elimination of the IncP-8 plasmid FP2 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 1 was developed. The procedure consists of freezing cells, competent for transformation, in 15% glycerol at -70 degrees C for at least 48 h and screening survivors for loss of mercuric chloride resistance. Curing frequencies of 0.5% were achieved only in host cells carrying a dht mutation (unable to convert thymine to dihydrothymine).
The Anaesthetic Potency of 3α‐Hydroxy‐5α‐pregnan‐20‐one and 3α‐Hydroxy‐5β‐pregnan‐20‐one Determined with an Intravenous EEG‐Threshold Method in Male Rats (1987)

Two progesterone metabolites 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one (5-alpha) and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one (5-beta) were investigated for anaesthetic potency in male rats with an EEG-threshold method. Dose rate curves were obtained by infusing 5-alpha and 5 beta intravenously with different rates until an EEG-criterion (a burst suppression of one sec. or more, the "silent second") was seen in the EEG. The potency of the investigated drugs has been estimated by comparing threshold doses at optimal infusion rates. 5-alpha and 5-beta were tested on both young (44 to 46 days) and adult (109 to 118 days) rats. The relation between age and the anaesthetic sensitivity of 5-beta was tested by weekly threshold determinations. 5-alpha and 5-beta infused separately with different infusion rates gave almost V-shaped dose rate curves. The optimal infusion rate was in all age groups 2 mg/kg/min. In young rats 5-alpha (6.7 mg/kg) was more potent than 5-beta (8.9 mg/kg). In adult rats the sensitivity was increased but the relation in potency between 5-alpha (5.1 mg/kg) and 5-beta (6.6 mg/kg) was unchanged. With 5-beta the main change in this age-related increase in anaesthetic sensitivity was seen between 49 and 70 days of age. Both 5-alpha and 5-beta exhibited an excitatory action seen as jerks during induction of the EEG-criterion.
Breakthrough in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: are we there yet? (2015)

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is a global health problem of considerable socioeconomic burden. It is projected to worsen with the aging population worldwide. The lack of effective therapies underscores our incomplete understanding of this complex heterogeneous syndrome. A novel paradigm has recently emerged, in which central roles are ascribed to systemic inflammation and generalized endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HFPEF. In this review, we discuss the role of the endothelium in cardiovascular homeostasis and how deranged endothelial-related signaling pathways contribute to the development of HFPEF. We also review the novel therapies in various stages of research and development that target different components of this signaling pathway.
Abnormal myocardial perfusion correlates with impaired systolic strain and diastolic strain rate in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study (2015)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder that commonly affects the heart, resulting in a 7 to 9 times greater incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. Female patients with SLE between 35 and 44 years old have an incidence of myocardial infarction over 50 times greater than that observed in the Framingham cohort. The clinical utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) first-pass perfusion for assessment of myocardial ischaemia is well-established. We hypothesised that CMR including stress first-pass perfusion would be able to detect coronary microvascular disease and subtle functional abnormalities in SLE and aimed to detect myocardial ischaemia in SLE using adenosine stress perfusion CMR.
Effect of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase extracted from Bacillus xiaoxiensis on wheat dough and bread properties (2022)

In this study, the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) was extracted from <i>Bacillus xiaoxiensis</i>. CGTase had negative effects on dough viscoelastic properties and gluten strength but had positive effects on bread baking qualities and anti-staling properties. Adding an appropriate amount of CGTase (less than 0.3 U/g) could improve the specific volume, crumb texture, crust color, moisture content, and crumb hardness of bread. The bread crumb with 0.4 U/g CGTase (based on flour weight) had the lowest retrogradation enthalpy of 0.53 ± 0.10 J/g and the lowest relative crystallinity of 16.1%, which indicated the alleviating effect of amylopectin crystallization. Moreover, CGTase reduced the moisture from forming crystal lattices and limited starch molecule migration. The T<sub>2</sub> transverse relaxation results showed that the increase of immobilized water content in the bread with CGTase was lower than the control after 5 days of storage, which implied the water-holding capacity of the bread was enhanced and provided information on the inhibition of water migration. Hence, the CGTase could be a potential bread improver.
Photodetachment and photodissociation studies of semiconductor cluster ions (1986)

We have recently developed an ion source which is capable of producing both positive and negative semiconductor cluster ions cooled by supersonic expansion. Ions of a particular mass are selected and studied by laser photodetachment and photodissociation followed by time-of-flight mass analysis. The electron affinities (EA) of several semiconductor clusters have been measured by photodetachment threshold measurements on their negative ions. For GaAs clusters, an even/odd size alternation in EA is observed as in the ionization potentials of the neutrals, supporting the suggestion that the neutral even clusters have fully paired singlet ground states with no dangling bonds. 1 , 2 Photodissociation studies reveal that negative silicon and germanium cluster ions fragment predominantly into 6–11 atom size clusters with 6–10 being the favorite fragmentation daughters.