gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of orientational behaviour and rotational bias in SmC*, SmCa* and SmCγ* phases of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal studied by FT-IR spectroscopy (2000)

Abstract Polarised infrared Spectroscopy is used to study the behaviour of SmC*, SmCA* and SmCγ* phases of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material. The degree of molecular orientation is expressed in terms of the dichroic ratio obtained from the absorbance profiles for various applied voltages. The molecular tilt angle is found as the absorbance profiles of the various peaks rotate clockwise and anticlockwise with the sign of the applied field. The absorbance profiles of the stretching bands are quantitatively analysed and the biasing parameters of the transition dipole moments located in the molecular core for each phase are calculated and compared.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-gnididione and (.+-.)-isognididione (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-gnididione and (.+-.)-isognididionePeter A. Jacobi and Harold G. SelnickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 1, 202–209Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00288a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1741Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Eine Strategie für die Diversitäts‐orientierte Synthese (2003)

Abstract Anders als die Target‐orientierte Synthese (TOS) und die medizinische oder kombinatorische Chemie, die den Zugang zu einem bestimmten, oft engen Bereich des chemischen Raums anstreben, füllt die Diversitäts‐orientierte Synthese (DOS) den chemischen Raum mit kleinen Molekülen unterschiedlichster Strukturen. Hauptziel von DOS ist es, einen effizienten, drei‐ bis fünfstufigen Zugang zu Kollektiven kleiner Moleküle mit hoher stereochemischer Diversität und Molekülgerüst‐Diversität zu schaffen, die definierte Koordinaten im chemischen Raum einnehmen. Idealerweise erhält man dabei Verbindungen, die nach dem Screening regio‐ und stereoselektiv funktionalisiert werden können. Stereochemische Diversität und Molekülgerüst‐Diversität stellen sicher, dass die Bausteine an der Moleküloberfläche in verschiedenen Ausrichtungen gebunden werden können. Die Retrosynthese war ein Fortschritt für TOS, für die medizinische und die kombinatorische Chemie. Obwohl die Ziele von DOS die Anwendung einer Retrosynthese nicht vorsehen, kann man eine komplementäre Vorgehensweise entwickeln: die vorwärtssynthetische Analyse (forward synthetic‐analysis). Dieses Konzept erleichtert die Entwicklung, die Beschreibung und das Unterrichten von DOS.
Benchmarking quantum annealing for complex network analysis on synthetic social networks. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Dual-Targeting Nanoparticles for In Vivo Delivery of Suicide Genes to Chemotherapy-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells (2016)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Claudin-3 and -4, the receptors for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), are overexpressed in more than 70% of these tumors. Here, we synthesized and characterized poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with the carboxy-terminal-binding domain of CPE (c-CPE-NP) for the delivery of suicide gene therapy to chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer cells. As a therapeutic payload, we generated a plasmid encoding for the diphtheria toxin subunit-A (DT-A) under the transcriptional control of the p16 promoter, a gene highly differentially expressed in ovarian cancer cells. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence demonstrated that c-CPE-NPs encapsulating the cytomegalovirus (CMV) GFP plasmid (CMV GFP c-CPE-NP) were significantly more efficient than control NPs modified with a scrambled peptide (CMV GFP scr-NP) in transfecting primary chemotherapy-resistant ovarian tumor cell lines in vitro (P = 0.03). Importantly, c-CPE-NPs encapsulating the p16 DT-A vector (p16 DT-A c-CPE-NP) were significantly more effective than control p16 DT-A scr-NP in inducing ovarian cancer cell death in vitro (% cytotoxicity: mean ± SD = 32.9 ± 0.15 and 7.45 ± 7.93, respectively, P = 0.03). In vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated efficient transfection of tumor cells within 12 hours after intraperitoneal injection of CMV GFP c-CPE-NP in mice harboring chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer xenografts. Finally, multiple intraperitoneal injections of p16 DT-A c-CPE-NP resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth compared with control NP in chemotherapy-resistant tumor-bearing mice (P = 0.041). p16 DT-A c-CPE-NP may represent a novel dual-targeting therapeutic approach for the selective delivery of gene therapy to chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 323-33. ©2016 AACR.
Neural damage due to temporal lobe epilepsy: Dual‐nuclei (proton and phosphorus) magnetic resonance spectroscopy study (2003)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of proton and phosphorus (1H and 31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, and to evaluate neural damage and metabolite dysfunction in the TLE patient brain. We performed 1H and 31P MRS of medial temporal lobes (MTL) in the same TLE patients (n = 14) with a relatively wide range of severity from almost seizure-free to intractable, and calculated the ratio of N-acetylasparate to choline-containing compounds and creatine + phosphocreatine (NAA/Cho + Cr) in 1H MRS and inorganic phosphate to all main peaks (%Pi) in 31P MRS. There was no significant correlation between NAA/(Cho + Cr) and %Pi in each side (ipsilateral, r = -0.20; contralateral, r =-0.19). The values of NAA/(Cho + Cr) showed a significant difference between ipsilateral and contralateral MTLs to the focus of TLE patients (P < 0.01, paired t-test). Although %Pi also had a tendency to show the laterality of TLE, there was no significance. Ipsilateral (r = -0.90, P < 0.0001) and contralateral (r = -0.70, P < 0.005) NAA/(Cho + Cr) decreases and contralateral %Pi increase (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) had significant correlation with seizure frequency. 1H MRS provides more important information concerning neuronal dysfunction in MTL of TLE patients than 31P MRS.
A Background Level of Oxygen-Containing Aromatics for Synthetic Control of Carbon Nanotube Structure (2009)

Growth enhancers, most notably water, have been reported to increase catalyst activity, despite constituting 0.02% of the growth ambient, resulting in dramatic increases in vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests. We demonstrate a surprising second function of the growth enhancer, i.e., its ability to control the structure of the CNTs exemplified by highly selective double-walled carbon nanotube synthesis using oxygen-containing aromatics. This approach provides an easy and convenient method to grow various kinds of nanotubes from the same catalyst and same growth conditions.
Derivatization for Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. 3. Electrochemically Ionizable Derivatives (1998)

In this paper, the use of ferrocene-based "electrochemically ionizable" derivatives to enhance ES-MS analysis of simple alcohols, sterols, and phenols is discussed. These derivatives are designed to take advantage of the electrolysis process inherent to operation of the ES ion source for selective ionization. Derivatization procedures, electrochemical character of the derivatives, and the ES-MS operational parameters necessary to maximize electrochemical ionization and to enhance gas-phase detection are presented with reference to ferrocenecarbamate ester derivatives of a variety of alcohol standards, as well as the ferroceneboronate derivative of the diol, pinacol. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the derivatives (precursor and product ion spectra) is shown to provide derivative confirmation, enhanced detection, and additional analyte structure information. The utility of this derivatization approach for the selective detection of alcohols in complicated mixtures is demonstrated using a saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) fruit extract known to contain a variety of alcohols at low levels.
Effect of Phenyl Derivatization on the Stabilities of AntimicrobialN-Chlorohydantoin Derivatives (2010)

Phenyl substitution at position 5 on the hydantoin ring of a series of N-halamine derivatives, including an antimicrobial siloxane used for coating surfaces, has been employed to better understand the biocidal activities and stabilities of these compounds in the presence of water and exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. This phenyl derivatization of the hydantoin ring at its 5 position does, in fact, affect the antimicrobial efficacy of the siloxane against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7, and its stability toward hydrolyses and ultraviolet light exposure. The phenyl substitution caused weakening of the N−Cl bond at the 1 position on the hydantoin ring, leading to an increase in biocidal activity but a decrease in stability. Model compounds were studied experimentally and theoretically at the (U)B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,p) level of theory in order to better explain the observations. It was found that the phenyl moiety at position 5 on the hydantoin ring can interact with the oxidative chlorine atom bonded to the amide nitrogen atom at position 1 which then results in a less stable N−Cl bond.
MV generator low-resistance grounding and stator ground fault damage (2003)

Most of the in-plant medium-voltage generators are grounded through resistors ranging from 200 A to 400 A. In some unusual situations, the resistors may even be as high as 1200 A. low-resistance grounding is a preferred choice for a medium-voltage power distribution system. However extensive generator stator ground fault damages had been reported due to the prolonging generator neutral ground current, which would continue to flow even after the main and field breaker opened. This ground fault current could continue to flow for as long as 5 seconds depending on the generator open-circuit time constant T'/sub do/. As a result, the lower the grounding resistor i.e. higher the generator neutral current, would lead to the higher stator ground fault damages. An IEEE Working Group has completed its study and made recommendations for medium-voltage generator grounding in a multiple source industrial environment. Based on the considerations of transient over-voltage, ground fault damages and ground fault protection, the working group suggests a few variations of grounding systems, which basically are low-resistance grounding systems during normal operating conditions, and the generator would either be on high-resistance grounded or be switched to a high-resistance grounded system from a normal low-resistance grounded system when a ground fault occurs in the generator stator. The purposes of this paper are (1) to examine the generator transient over-voltage and currents under the low-resistance ground fault conditions, and also to evaluate their corresponding stator ground fault damages, and (2) to establish an acceptable maximum system ground fault level. For comparison purpose, three versions of low-resistance grounding systems have been considered and they are: a low-resistance grounding system with a neutral breaker at the generator (neutral breaker system); a low-resistance grounding system with the generator neutral low resistor being switched to a high-resistor after a stator ground fault (hybrid system); and a low-resistance grounding system similar to the current practice (tradition system). The simulation study is conducted with the aid of the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP). An experimental analog generator model is also used to verify the simulation results.
Preparation of 1,4-bis(4-methylstyryl)benzene nanocrystals by a wet process and evaluation of their optical properties (2014)

Single-crystal 1,4-bis(4-methylstyryl)benzene is a promising material for optoelectronic device applications. We demonstrate the preparation of 1,4-bis(4-methylstyryl)benzene nanocrystals by a wet process using a bottom-up reprecipitation technique. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the morphology of the nanocrystals to be sphere-like with an average particle size of about 60 nm. An aqueous dispersion of the nanocrystals was monodisperse and stable with a ζ-potential of -41 mV. The peak wavelengths of the absorption and emission spectra of the nanocrystal dispersion were blue and red shifted, respectively, compared with those of tetrahydrofuran solution. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystallinity of the nanocrystals. The presented 1,4-bis(4-methylstyryl)benzene nanocrystals are expected to be a candidate for a new class of optoelectronic material.
Burden of Environmental Adversity Associated With Psychopathology, Maturation, and Brain Behavior Parameters in Youths (2019)

Low SES and TSEs are associated with common and unique differences in symptoms, neurocognition, and structural and functional brain parameters. Both environmental factors are associated with earlier completion of puberty by physical features and brain parameters. These findings appear to underscore the need for identifying and preventing adverse environmental conditions associated with neurodevelopment.
Parasitic bipolar gain in fully depleted n-channel SOI MOSFET's (1994)

Fully depleted SOI MOSFET's include an inherent parasitic lateral bipolar structure with a floating base. We present here the first complete physically based explanation of the bipolar gain mechanism, and its dependence on bias and technological parameters. A simple, one-dimensional physical model, with no fitting parameters, is constructed, and is shown to agree well with simulations and measurements performed on a new type of SOI MOSFET structure. It is shown that parameters which affect the gain, such as SOI layer thickness, body doping concentration and gate and drain voltages, do so primarily by affecting the concentration of holes in the body region. Thus, current gain falls dramatically with increasing drain voltage due to the associated impact ionization driven increase in the hole concentration. Gummel plots of this parasitic bipolar indicate an apparent ideality factor of 0.5 for the hole current, due to the body hole concentration's dependence on drain voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rapidly disassembling nanomicelles with disulfide-linked PEG shells for glutathione-mediated intracellular drug delivery (2011)

The synthesis and biological efficacy of novel nanomicelles that rapidly disassemble and release their encapsulated payload intracellularly under tumor-relevant glutathione (GSH) levels are reported. The unique design includes a PEG-sheddable shell and poly(ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine) core with a redox-sensitive disulfide linkage.
The Complexes of Nickel(II), Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) with 2-Pyridinaldoxime1 (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Complexes of Nickel(II), Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) with 2-Pyridinaldoxime1Ronald A. Krause and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 18, 4830–4834Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01503a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01503a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Post-Approval U.S. Experience With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (2016)

Despite a large fraction of previously inexperienced operators, in the real-world post-FDA approval experience of LAAC, procedural success was high and complication rates were low.
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid in nursery pigs of dirty and clean environments on growth, empty body composition, and immune competence. (2001)

Early-weaned pigs (n = 64) averaging 5.3 +/- 0.3 kg and distributed into two environments (dirty and clean) were used to evaluate effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth performance, immune competence, and empty body composition. A factorial (2 x 4) arrangement within a split-plot design, with four littermate pigs as the experimental unit for the environment, pig within litter as the experimental unit for dietary treatment, and d-0 body weight used as covariate, were used in data analysis. Diets were formulated to contain CLA at 0, 0.67, 1.33, or 2% and to exceed the NRC (1988) nutrient needs of pigs. Animals were given ad libitum access to feed for 7 wk in three phases (I, 1 to 2; II, 3 to 5; and III, 6 to 7 wk). Within phases, diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. In Phase I, as dietary CLA concentration increased, ADG and ADFI decreased linearly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.02, respectively). In Phase II, upon adaptation to dietary CLA supplementation, ADG increased quadratically (603, 623, 622, and 548 g/d; P < 0.01), ADFI decreased linearly (873, 840, 867, and 717 g/d; P < 0.02) and gain:feed ratio tended to increase linearly (691, 742, 715, and 763; P < 0.07). In Phase III, no differences in growth performance were attributed to either dietary or environmental treatments. The poor health status associated with the dirty environment induced a growth suppression; pigs in the clean room had a greater cumulative ADG (P < 0.01) and ADFI (P < 0.01) than pigs in the dirty room. In Phase I, lower plasma urea nitrogen levels observed in pigs found in the dirty room (P < 0.03) indicated a lower protein intake caused by a lower ADFI. The effects of dietary CLA on peripheral phenotypic profiles of lymphoytes did not appear until d 42. However, as indicated by the growth suppression of pigs in the dirty room, the negative effects of the environmental challenge on pig health and growth had already appeared during phase I. On d 42, CLA induced a linear increase in percentages of CD8+ lymphocytes (21.7, 22.3, 28.0, and 32.7%; P < 0.001). These data suggest that a 42-d dietary CLA supplementation preceding a disease challenge could have prevented disease-associated growth suppression. Also, CLA-mediated amelioration of particular infectious diseases will depend on which CD8+ T cell subset (i.e., CD8alphaalpha-immunoregulatory or CD8alphabeta-cytotoxic) is most influenced by dietary CLA supplementation.
High-speed GaAs/AlGaAs traveling wave electro-optic modulators (1998)

A low loss ultra wide bandwidth electro-optic polarization converter/modulator was realized on a GaAs/AlGaAs substrate. The device uses slow wave coplanar strip electrodes to match the phase velocity of optical and microwave signals to increase the modulation bandwidth. Microwave measurements show an electrical bandwidth in excess of 40 GHz. Microwave loss of the electrode is dB/cm at 40 GHz and the phase velocity of microwave signal is 8.6 cm/nsec and flat over the measured frequency range. The phase velocity mismatch between the optical and electrical signal is less than 5 percent. Electro-optic modulation was performed up to 22 GHz and no roll-off was observed in this frequency range.
Remote estimation of respiration rate by optical flow using convolutional neural networks (2021)

In this paper, we propose a novel system for remotely estimating the respiration rate of people. Periodic inhalation and exhalation during respiration cycles induce subtle upper body movements, which are reflected by the local image deformation over time when recorded by a digital camera. This local image deformation can be recovered by estimating the optical flow between consecutive frames. We propose the usage of convolutional neural networks designed for general image registration to estimate the induced optical flow, the periodicity of which is then leveraged to obtain the respiration rate by frequency analysis. The proposed system is robust to lighting condition, camera type (RGB, infrared), clothing, and posture (sitting in chair/lying in bed); and it could be used by individuals with a webcam, or by healthcare centers to monitor the patients at night.
Mesophyll-Feeding by the Potato Leafhopper,Empoasca fabae(Homoptera: Cicadellidae): Results from Electronic Monitoring and Thin-Layer Chromatography (1989)

The probing behaviors of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), were studied using an AC electronic monitoring system. Observations on two artificial media (water-sucrose solution and agar-sucrose solution) and two host plants (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., and broad bean, Vicia faba L.) revealed three waveforms correlated with probing behaviors: I a , representing multiple-cell laceration feeding, the dominant waveform on both hosts; I b , representing Single-cell puncture-feeding, ingestion of the contents of individual mesophyll cells; and I c , ingestion with the insect's stylets held motionless. These results plus those from thin-layer chromatography of the host plants and insects show that the potato leafhopper, like many of its typhlocybine relatives, does not ingest strictly from the phloem but also from the mesophyll. However, the potato leafhopper uses a feeding strategy that does not produce leaf stippling; this strategy differs from that of other leafhoppers that ingest from mesophyll.