gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microgrids: Architectures, Controls, Protection, and Demonstration (2015)

—In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in the concept of microgrids to integrate distributed generation systems and to provide higher reliability for critical loads. Several microgrid demonstration projects have been implemented to investigate further and advance this emerging concept. This article provides a detailed review of microgrid systems. It describes different architectures, including AC, DC, and hybrid systems. Various microgrid components, including sources, converters, and loads, are illustrated. Microgrid management and controls are discussed, and a modified natural droop control is described in detail. Both physical layers and standard protocols are explained for communication in the microgrid structure. The unique protection complexities have been raised and discussed in the presence of distributed generations and bidirectional power flow. A demonstration of a military microgrid system at Fort Sill is illustrated, and the experiment of a typical microgrid operation scenario is provided.
Excitonic effects in ZnO nanowires and hollow nanotubes (2007)

Energy levels and wave functions of ground and excited states of an exciton are calculated by the method of imaginary time. Energy levels as functions of radius of single and double wall nanotube are studied. Asymptotic behavior of energy levels at large and small values of the radius using perturbation theory and adiabatic approximation is considered. Spatially indirect exciton in semiconductor nanowire is also investigated. Experimental result from high quality reproducible ZnO nanowires grown by low temperature chemical engineering is presented. State of the art high brightness white light emitting diodes (HB-LEDs) are demonstrated from the grown ZnO nano-wires. The color temperature and color rendering index (CRI) of the HB-LEDs values was found to be (3250 K, 82), and (14000 K, 93), for the best LEDs, which means that the quality of light is superior to one obtained from GaN LEDs available on the market today. The role of V<sub>Zn</sub> and V<sub>O</sub> on the emission responsible for the white light band as well as the peak position of this important wide band is thoroughly investigated in a systematic way.
Service architectures in H.323 and SIP: A comparison (2003)

One of the major challenges for next-generation IP networks is to provide new, attractive multimedia services. This includes traditional telephony (voice over IP) and the interworking with legacy telephony systems. In addition to the general problems regarding the support of realtime services in the IP network, e.g., quality of service, voice over IP focuses on the control of advanced features such as supplementary services well known from telephony and on the mechanisms for their fast and efficient development and deployment. The two most promising approaches in the area of multimedia over IP are the protocol suites H.323 (ITU-T) and SIP (IETF). Several comparisons of these two protocols have already been published, but comparisons of their service architectures have been rarely addressed. This tutorial describes and compares the service architectures of H.323 and SIP. The basic protocol architectures are explained, followed by an in depth evaluation of the service implementation mechanisms. The analyses focus mainly on the control of telephony supplementary services in H.323 and SIP and are backed up by detailed examples. Although the two protocol architectures are quite similar, it is shown that there are considerable differences regarding their supplementary service architectures. H.323 (together with H.450) has been especially focused on supplementary services, smooth interworking with the PSTN, and interoperability between different implementations. In this respect, it has clear advantages for IP telephony applications. SIP has been designed with a broader scope, providing more generic syntax and semantics regarding feature definition and session description. Since the SIP standards do not describe details of possible application and service features, this bears the danger of interoperability problems, e.g, for supplementary services. SIP offers advantages for non voice over IP services and applications. A coexistence of both protocols can be foreseen, stressing the importance of interworking between them.
Tolerance to Abiotic Factors of Microsclerotia and Mycelial Pellets From Metarhizium robertsii, and Molecular and Ultrastructural Changes During Microsclerotial Differentiation (2021)

<i>Metarhizium</i> species fungi are able to produce resistant structures termed microsclerotia, formed by compact and melanized threads of hyphae. These propagules are tolerant to desiccation and produce infective conidia; thus, they are promising candidates to use in biological control programs. In this study, we investigated the tolerance to both ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation and heat of microsclerotia of <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i> strain ARSEF 2575. We also adapted the liquid medium and culture conditions to obtain mycelial pellets from the same isolate in order to compare these characteristics between both types of propagules. We followed the peroxisome biogenesis and studied the oxidative stress during differentiation from conidia to microsclerotia by transmission electron microscopy after staining with a peroxidase activity marker and by the expression pattern of genes potentially involved in these processes. We found that despite their twice smaller size, microsclerotia exhibited higher dry biomass, yield, and conidial productivity than mycelial pellets, both with and without UV-B and heat stresses. From the 16 genes measured, we found an induction after 96-h differentiation in the oxidative stress marker genes <i>MrcatA, MrcatP</i>, and <i>Mrgpx</i>; the peroxisome biogenesis factors <i>Mrpex5</i> and <i>Mrpex14/17</i>; and the photoprotection genes <i>Mrlac1</i> and <i>Mrlac2</i>; and <i>Mrlac3</i>. We concluded that an oxidative stress scenario is induced during microsclerotia differentiation in <i>M. robertsii</i> and confirmed that because of its tolerance to desiccation, heat, and UV-B, this fungal structure could be an excellent candidate for use in biological control of pests under tropical and subtropical climates where heat and UV radiation are detrimental to entomopathogenic fungi survival and persistence.
Puncture deformation and fracture mechanism of oriented polymers (2011)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the effect of orientation by solid‐state cross‐rolling on the morphology, puncture deformation, and fracture mechanism of an amorphous TROGAMID material and three semicrystalline polymers: high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and nylon 6/6. In amorphous TROGAMID, it was found that orientation preferentially aligned polymer chains along the rolling deformation direction and reduced the plastic deformation of TROGAMID in a low‐temperature puncture test. The decrease of ductility with orientation changed the fracture mechanism of TROGAMID from ductile hole enlargement failure in the unoriented control to a more brittle delamination failure in TROGAMID cross‐rolled to a 75% thickness reduction. For semicrystalline polymers HDPE, PP, and nylon 6/6, the randomly oriented crystalline lamellae in the controls were first oriented into an oblique angle to the rolling direction (RD) before the lamellae became fragmented and preferentially oriented with the chain axis parallel to the RD. The morphological change resulted in the decrease of ductility in HDPE in the low‐temperature puncture test. In PP and nylon 6/6, the brittle fracture of unoriented controls was changed into ductile failure when they were cross‐rolled to a 50% thickness reduction. This was attributed to the tilted crystal lamellae morphology, which permitted chain slip deformation of crystals with the chain axis parallel to the maximum shear stress direction. With further orientation of PP and nylon 6/6 to a 75% thickness reduction, the failure mechanism changed back to brittle fracture as the morphology transformed into a layered discoid structure with the chain axis of the fragmented crystal blocks parallel to the RD; this prevented chain slip deformation of the crystals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Remarkable Catalytic Activity of Sodium-Modified-Hydroxyapatite in the Synthesis of &#945;-Hydroxyphosphonates (2010)

A green protocol for the synthesis of α-hydroxyphosphonates by condensation of carbonyl compounds on dialkylphosphites, under solvent free conditions, has been described using hydroxyapatite (HAP) catalysts. This condensation proceeds with excellent yields and 100% atom economy. The best results were obtained using Na-modified-hydroxyapatite (Na-HAP) catalyst. Furthermore, being heterogeneous in nature, these catalysts are easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused several times without any loss of activity, especially for Na-HAP, after being washed by acetone and calcined at 700°C. Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Sodium-Hydroxyapatite, α-hydroxyphosphonates, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Dry Media, Green Synthesis
Fatal Outcome of Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza Virus Infection Is Associated with Immunopathology and Impaired Lung Repair, Not Enhanced Viral Burden, in Pregnant Mice (2011)

Pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus (pH1N1) infection in pregnant women can be severe. The mechanisms that affect infection outcome in this population are not well understood. To address this, pregnant and nonpregnant BALB/c mice were inoculated with the wild-type pH1N1 strain A/California/04/09. To determine whether innate immune responses are associated with severe infection, we measured the innate cells trafficking into the lungs of pregnant versus nonpregnant animals. Increased infiltration of pulmonary neutrophils and macrophages strongly correlated with an elevated mortality in pregnant mice. In agreement with this, the product of nitric oxide (nitrite) and several cytokines associated with recruitment and/or function of these cells were increased in the lungs of pregnant animals. Surprisingly, increased mortality in pregnant mice was not associated with higher virus load because equivalent virus titers and immunohistochemical staining were observed in the nasal cavities or lungs of all mice. To determine whether exacerbated inflammatory responses and elevated cellularity resulted in lung injury, epithelial regeneration was measured. The lungs of pregnant mice exhibited reduced epithelial regeneration, suggesting impaired lung repair. Despite these immunologic alterations, pregnant animals demonstrated equivalent percentages of pulmonary influenza virus-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes, although they displayed elevated levels of T-regulator lymphocytes (Tregs) in the lung. Also, pregnant mice mounted equal antibody titers in response to virus or immunization with a monovalent inactivated pH1N1 A/California/07/09 vaccine. Therefore, immunopathology likely caused by elevated cellular recruitment is an implicated mechanism of severe pH1N1 infection in pregnant mice.
Association Among Local Hemodynamic Parameters Derived From CT Angiography and Their Comparable Implications in Development of Acute Coronary Syndrome (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Association among local hemodynamic parameters and their implications in development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have not been fully investigated. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 216 lesions in ACS patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) before 1-24 months from ACS event were analyzed. High-risk plaque on CCTA was defined as a plaque with ≥2 of low-attenuation plaque, positive remodeling, spotty calcification, and napkin-ring sign. With the use of computational fluid dynamics analysis, fractional flow reserve (FFR) derived from CCTA (FFR<sub>CT</sub>) and local hemodynamic parameters including wall shear stress (WSS), axial plaque stress (APS), pressure gradient (PG) across the lesion, and delta FFR<sub>CT</sub> across the lesion (ΔFFR<sub>CT</sub>) were obtained. The association among local hemodynamics and their discrimination ability for culprit lesions from non-culprit lesions were compared. <b>Results:</b> A total of 66 culprit lesions for later ACS and 150 non-culprit lesions were identified. WSS, APS, PG, and ΔFFR<sub>CT</sub> were strongly correlated with each other (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). This association was persistent in all lesion subtypes according to a vessel, lesion location, anatomical severity, high-risk plaque, or FFR<sub>CT</sub> ≤ 0.80. In discrimination of culprit lesions causing ACS from non-culprit lesions, WSS, PG, APS, and ΔFFR<sub>CT</sub> were independent predictors after adjustment for lesion characteristics, high-risk plaque, and FFR<sub>CT</sub> ≤ 0.80; and all local hemodynamic parameters significantly improved the predictive value for culprit lesions of high-risk plaque and FFR<sub>CT</sub> ≤ 0.80 (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). The risk prediction model for culprit lesions with FFR<sub>CT</sub> ≤ 0.80, high-risk plaque, and ΔFFR<sub>CT</sub> had a similar or superior discrimination ability to that with FFR<sub>CT</sub> ≤ 0.80, high-risk plaque, and WSS, APS, or PG; and the addition of WSS, APS, or PG into ΔFFR<sub>CT</sub> did not improve the model performance. <b>Conclusions:</b> Local hemodynamic indices were significantly intercorrelated, and all indices similarly provided additive and independent predictive values for ACS risk over high-risk plaque and impaired FFR<sub>CT</sub>.
Exploring websites through contextual facets (2009)

We present contextual facets, a novel user interface technique for navigating websites that publish large collections of semi-structured data. Contextual facets extend traditional faceted navigation techniques by transforming webpage elements into user interface components for filtering and retrieving related webpages. To investigate users' reactions to contextual facets, we built FacetPatch, a web browser that automatically generates contextual facet interfaces. As the user browses the web, FacetPatch automatically extracts semi-structured data from collections of webpages and overlays contextual facets on top of the current page. Participants in an exploratory user evaluation of FacetPatch were enthusiastic about contextual facets and often preferred them to an existing, familiar faceted navigation interface. We discuss how we improved the design of contextual facets and FacetPatch based on the results of this study.
An Undergraduate Engineering Curriculum for Agri-Industrial Facility Designers (2004)

Faculty of the Biological Systems Engineering Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison are considering modifications to their undergraduate engineering curriculum that will resultin graduates who are better prepared for positions as agri-industrial facility designers.
Tailoring of Morphology and Crystalline Structure of Nanoporous TiO2–TiO–TiN Composite Films for Enhanced Capacity as Anode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

We report a novel three-dimensional nanoporous TiO2–TiO–TiN (Np-TTT) ternary composite film with cylindrical pores of diameter ϕ30–50 nm and laminated tier thickness of 10–30 nm, which was fabricated straightforwardly on a Ti foil via a one-step anodization in an aqueous nitric electrolyte. The Np-TTT composite films consisted of amorphous TiO2 matrix, quasi-crystalline TiO, and a small amount of TiN (∼2 at% as N), which are formed simultaneously during anodization through electrochemical and/or chemical reactions in the nitric electrolyte. As a binder-free and auxiliary-component-free anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the capacity and rate performance of the Np-TTT anodes were dependent on both the anodizing conditions and crystalline structure. Particularly, the Np-TTT composite film (∼800 nm-thick) that was annealed at 250°C for 1 h exhibited the highest areal specific capacity of 440 μAh cm−2 at the 1st cycle, a high retention of 95% from the 2nd to the 50th cycles, and a Coulombic efficiency of approximately 100%. The enhanced capacities of the Np-TTT composite films can be primarily attributed to the synergetic effect of the inclusion of conductive TiN component in bulk TiO2 matrix films, the active TiO with quasi-crystalline cubic phase, and nanoporous structure with high surface area.
Design of a 15N Molecular Unit to Achieve Long Retention of Hyperpolarized Spin State (2017)

Nuclear hyperpolarization is a phenomenon that can be used to improve the sensitivity of magnetic resonance molecular sensors. However, such sensors typically suffer from short hyperpolarization lifetime. Herein we report that [<sup>15</sup>N, D<sub>14</sub>]trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA) has a remarkably long spin-lattice relaxation time (1128 s, 14.1 T, 30 °C, D<sub>2</sub>O) on its <sup>15</sup>N nuclei and achieves a long retention of the hyperpolarized state. [<sup>15</sup>N, D<sub>14</sub>]TMPA-based hyperpolarized sensor for carboxylesterase allowed the highly sensitive analysis of enzymatic reaction by <sup>15</sup>N NMR for over 40 min in phophate-buffered saline (H<sub>2</sub>O, pH 7.4, 37 °C).
Evidence that the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol and diacylglycerol. (1984)

The ability of purified Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product, pp60v-src, to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol and diacylglycerol was investigated. Phosphatidylinositol was phosphorylated to form both mono- and diphosphorylated derivatives. 1,2-Diacylglycerol was phosphorylated to form phosphatidic acid. These activities showed the same thermolability and the same sensitivity to inhibitors as shown by the casein kinase activity of pp60v-src. In addition, when serum-starved chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by a virus mutant temperature-sensitive for transformation were shifted from the nonpermissive to permissive temperature, an increase of 50-100% in the labeling of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and phosphatidic acid was observed, as compared to uninfected cells.
Use of Sensitive, Broad-Spectrum Molecular Assays and Human Airway Epithelium Cultures for Detection of Respiratory Pathogens (2012)

Rapid and accurate detection and identification of viruses causing respiratory tract infections is important for patient care and disease control. Despite the fact that several assays are available, identification of an etiological agent is not possible in ~30% of patients suffering from respiratory tract diseases. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to develop a diagnostic set for the detection of respiratory viruses with sensitivity as low as 1-10 copies per reaction. Evaluation of the assay using a training clinical sample set showed that viral nucleic acids were identified in ~76% of cases. To improve assay performance and facilitate the identification of novel species or emerging strains, cultures of fully differentiated human airway epithelium were used to pre-amplify infectious viruses. This additional step resulted in the detection of pathogens in all samples tested. Based on these results it can be hypothesized that the lack of an etiological agent in some clinical samples, both reported previously and observed in the present study, may result not only from the presence of unknown viral species, but also from imperfections in the detection methods used.
The potential use of glycosyl-transferase inhibitors for targeted reduction of S. mutans biofilms in dental materials (2023)

Streptococcus mutans is the primary oral caries-forming bacteria, adept at producing "sticky" biofilms via the synthesis of insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), catalyzed by glucosyltransferases (GTFs). To circumvent the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to combat these bacteria, this study sought to modify existing EPS-targeting small molecules with the ultimate goal of producing anti-biofilm polymer surfaces specifically targeting S. mutans. To achieve this, a known GTF inhibitor (G43) was modified with methoxy or tetraethyleneglycol substitutions in different positions (nine derivatives, tested at 50-µM) to pinpoint potential sites for future methacrylate functionalization, and then assessed against single-species S. mutans biofilms. As expected, the compounds did not diminish the bacterial viability. In general, the compounds with methoxy substitution were not effective in reducing EPS formation, whereas the tetraethyleneglycol substitution (G43-C3-TEG) led to a decrease in the concentration of insoluble EPS, although the effect is less pronounced than for the parent G43. This aligns with the reduced GTF-C activity observed at different concentrations of G43-C3-TEG, as well as the consequent decrease in EPS formation, and notable structural changes. In summary, this study determined that G43-C3-TEG is non-bactericidal and can selectively reduce the biofilm formation, by decreasing the production of EPS. This molecule will serve to functionalize surfaces of materials to be tested in future research.
Piribedil Test in Migraine: Neruoendocrinological Aspects (1986)

SYNOPSIS Piribedil is a direct central dopamine receptor agonist drug, clinically useful in the diagnosis of migraine. It mayalso be used in the study of migraine pathogenesis, through evaluating dopaminergic “tone”.The observed effects of Piribedil on GH and PRL release, in this study, indicate the existence of dopaminereceptor hypersensitivity in migraine patients. Furthermore our data suggest also the involvement ofnoradrenergic systems in migraine pathogenesis. Estrogen levels do not influence these neuroendocrinologicalresponses to Piribedil, even though the Piribedil test in these female migraine patients was clinically positive (andtherefore diagnostically useful) only during the perimenstrual phase.
Energy efficient implementation of linear systems on programmable processors (2002)

This paper describes a behavior transformation based technique to optimize power consumption in linear systems implemented on programmable processors, For the single processor case, our method is based on unfolding by an optimal amount so as to minimize the effective number of operations per sample. For the multiple processor case, the additional increase in throughput due to multiple processors is also traded-off against clock frequency slowdown and voltage reduction. The effectiveness of our techniques and algorithms is demonstrated on numerous real-life examples from DSP, control, and communications.
Comparison of a chimeric anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody conjugated with visible or near-infrared fluorescent dyes for imaging pancreatic cancer in orthotopic nude mouse models (2013)

The aim of this study was to evaluate a set of visible and near-infrared dyes conjugated to a tumor-specific chimeric antibody for high-resolution tumor imaging in orthotopic models of pancreatic cancer. BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer was orthotopically implanted into pancreata of nude mice. Mice received a single intravenous injection of a chimeric anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody conjugated to one of the following fluorophores: 488-nm group (Alexa Fluor 488 or DyLight 488); 550-nm group (Alexa Fluor 555 or DyLight 550); 650-nm group (Alexa Fluor 660 or DyLight 650), or the 750-nm group (Alexa Fluor 750 or DyLight 755). After 24 h, the Olympus OV100 small-animal imaging system was used for noninvasive and intravital fluorescence imaging of mice. Dyes were compared with respect to depth of imaging, resolution, tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), photobleaching, and hemoglobin quenching. The longer wavelength dyes had increased depth of penetration and ability to detect the smallest tumor deposits and provided the highest TBRs, resistance to hemoglobin quenching, and specificity. The shorter wavelength dyes were more photostable. This study showed unique advantages of each dye for specific cancer imaging in a clinically relevant orthotopic model.