gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminum Adjuvants: Preparation, Application, Dosage, and Formulation with Antigen (2009)

Important new knowledge about the effect of aluminum adjuvants on the immune response in terms of their impact on cytokine profiles, uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APC), and surface marker expression has been published in recent years. However, although the knowledge about these adjuvants is thus more comprehensive now than ever before, the user is often still confined to a more empirical approach when confronted with practical issues when it comes to the handling and use of these adjuvants. In this chapter we have given focus to the user's perspective, discussing practicalities like dosage, temperature stability, relevant monographs, and preparation with antigen.
The evolution of monolithic and polylithic interconnect technology (2003)

Monolithic interconnect technology has evolved rapidly over the past four decades in order to keep pace with advances in transistor density and performance. Optimal reverse scaling, integrated architectures for global signal, power and clock distribution networks of a heterogeneous system-on-a-chip, 3D integration and microphotonic interconnects offer promising approaches to satisfy future stringent monolithic interconnect requirements of GSI. Polylithic integration featuring batch processing of high density chip input/output interconnects and high density printed wiring board interconnects is projected as an increasingly important feature of future gigascale microsystems.
Genetic Approaches to Polyketide Antibiotics. Part 1. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Familial empirical risks for inflammatory bowel disease: differences between Jews and non-Jews. (1993)

The Jewish population has an increased frequency of inflammatory bowel disease compared with their non-Jewish neighbours. Genetic factors have been implicated in the aetiology of this disorder and may contribute to ethnic differences. This study determined the familial empirical risks for inflammatory bowel disease in the first degree relatives of inflammatory bowel disease probands (for both Jews and non-Jews) for the purpose of accurate genetic counselling and genetic analysis. A total of 527 inflammatory bowel disease patients from Southern California (291 Jews and 236 non-Jews) were questioned about inflammatory bowel disease in their first degree relatives (a total of 2493 individuals). Since inflammatory bowel disease has a variable and late age of onset, age specific incidence data were used to estimate the life time risks and to make valid comparisons between the different groups. In the first degree relatives of non-Jewish probands, the life time risks for inflammatory bowel disease were 5.2% and 1.6% when probands had Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis respectively. These values were consistently lower than the corresponding risks for relatives of Jewish patients -7.8% and 4.5% for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis probands respectively (p value for comparison between Jews and non-Jews: 0.028; between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: 0.005). These data provide the requisite basis for genetic counselling for these disorders in the white American population. In addition, these different empirical risks for relatives of Jewish and non-Jewish probands allow rejection of single Mendelian gene models for inflammatory bowel disease, but are consistent with several alternative genetic models.
Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry of terpene lactones in plasma of volunteers dosed with Ginkgo biloba L. extracts (2001)

Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-ITMS) was applied to evaluate the levels of ginkgolides A and B and bilobalide in plasma of volunteers after administration of Ginkgo biloba extracts in free (Ginkgoselect) or phospholipid complex (Ginkgoselect Phytosome) forms, providing 9.6 mg of total terpene lactones. The maximum plasma concentrations, C(max), of total ginkgolides A, B and bilobalide were 85.0 and 181.8 microg/mL for Ginkgoselect and Ginkgoselect Phytosome, respectively. The C(max) values were reached at 120 min for the free form and at 180--240 min for the phospholipid complex form. In both cases, the mean elimination half-life of each terpene lactone was in the range 120--180 min. Due to its sensitivity (about 1 ng/mL) and specificity, LC/APCI-ITMS proved to be a very powerful tool for pharmacokinetic studies of these phytochemicals.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐mediated Annulation. Part 1. A Synthesis of Tetrahydropyran‐4‐ones, Oxepan‐4‐ones, and Oxocan‐4‐ones via Intramolecular Directed Aldol Reactions. (1986)

Abstract Die Titelreaktion nach A) wird mit einer Reihe von Verbindungen durchgeführt, wobei die O‐Heterocyclen (VIII), (IX), (XI) ‐(XIII), (XVI), (XIX) sowie (XXI) entstehen.
Effects of coimplantation of silicon and nitrogen on structural defects and Si-N bond formation in silica glass (1991)

Effects of coimplantation of Si and N ions on structural defects in ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ glass are reported. Silicon-silicon bonds are formed as the predominant defect and their concentrations are almost the same as those of the implanted ions in Si-implanted samples but only about 1/10 those in the case of N-implanted samples. The bond concentrations in the coimplanted samples are approximately 50% of the sum of the concentrations in samples implanted with either Si or N. No difference was observed in the concentrations between specimens coimplanted in two different sequences. Paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecules are found to be formed in N-implanted samples but are not detected in the coimplanted samples. These results show that coimplantation is highly effective in combining implanted silicon with nitrogen, resulting in the formation of Si-N bonds. The importance of a Si-Si bond is suggested as an active reaction intermediate in coimplantation in ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$.
Unexpected Formation of 1,2‐Dihydro‐2‐azolyl‐ and ‐azinylisoquinolines by the Reduction of the Corresponding Isoquinolinium Salts with Sodium Borohydride in Methanol. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Scaling distributed machine learning with the parameter server (2014)

We propose a parameter server framework for distributed machine learning problems. Both data and workloads are distributed over worker nodes, while the server nodes maintain globally shared parameters, represented as dense or sparse vectors and matrices. The framework manages asynchronous data communication between nodes, and supports flexible consistency models, elastic scalability, and continuous fault tolerance.To demonstrate the scalability of the proposed framework, we show experimental results on petabytes of real data with billions of examples and parameters on problems ranging from Sparse Logistic Regression to Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Distributed Sketching.
The NO/NO2/O3Photostationary State in Claremont, California (1983)

Seventeen days of detailed measurements of NO, NO2, O3, HNO3 and the frequency of NO2 photolysis—j(NO2)—were carried out in Claremont, CA, in September 1980. Under conditions when the rate of change of NO concentration is small, there must be a balance between formation and loss processes. In the classical photostationary state this balance is between NO2 photolysis: NO2 + hv → NO + O and reaction with ozone: NO + O3 → NO2 + O2. The results show that the latter reaction with ozone is inadequate to balance the formation step; a significant contribution is required from another NO oxidation process, possibly peroxy radical oxidation. If so, the inferred concentration of peroxy radicals shows a diurnal variation, peaking around solar noon.
Bovine Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein-S: Antimicrobial Activity, Localization, Secretion, and Binding Properties (2006)

Peptidoglycan (PGN) recognition proteins (PGRPs) are pattern recognition molecules of innate immunity that are conserved from insects to humans. Various PGRPs are reported to have diverse functions: they bind bacterial molecules, digest PGN, and are essential to the Toll pathway in Drosophila. One family member, bovine PGN recognition protein-S (bPGRP-S), has been found to bind and kill microorganisms in a PGN-independent manner, raising questions about the identity of the bPGRP-S ligand. Addressing this, we have determined the binding and microbicidal properties of bPGRP-S in a range of solutions approximating physiologic conditions. In this study we show that bPGRP-S interacts with other bacterial components, including LPS and lipoteichoic acid, with higher affinities than for PCP, as determined by their abilities to inhibit bPGRP-S-mediated killing of bacteria. Where and how PGRPs act in vivo is not yet clear. Using Immunogold electron microscopy, PGRP-S was localized to the dense/large granules of naive neutrophils, which contain the oxygen-independent bactericidal proteins of these cells, and to the neutrophil phagolysosome. In addition, Immunogold staining and secretion studies demonstrate that neutrophils secrete PGRP-S when exposed to bacteria. Bovine PGRP-S can mediate direct lysis of heat-killed bacteria; however, PGRP-S-mediated killing of bacteria is independent of this activity. Evidence that bPGRP-S has multiple activities and affinity to several bacterial molecules challenges the assumption that the PGRP family of proteins recapitulates the evolution of TLRs. Mammalian PGRPs do not have a single antimicrobial activity against a narrow range of target organisms; rather, they are generalists in their affinity and activity.
Reasoning about the Value of Decision-Model Refinement: Methods and Application (2013)

We investigate the value of extending the completeness of a decision model along different dimensions of refinement. Specifically, we analyze the expected value of quantitative, conceptual, and structural refinement of decision models. We illustrate the key dimensions of refinement with examples. The analyses of value of model refinement can be used to focus the attention of an analyst or an automated reasoning system on extensions of a decision model associated with the greatest expected value.
3D Video Quality Evaluation with Depth Quality Variations (2008)

In this paper we present the effect of depth quality on 3D video perception on autostereoscopic displays. This study was done using objective as well as subjective evaluation (using Phillips monitor). The goal of this work was to understand the impact of depth image quality and compression on the perceived 3D experience. Another objective is to evaluate the use of depth image quality as a measure of 3D quality. The experiments were conducted using a multi-view point Philips 3D display that uses a single view and depth image. The displays are tested using subjective evaluation experiments. The results show that depth image can be compressed significantly, to 0.0007 bits per pixel, without affecting the 3D perception significantly. We found that there is a relation between the perception of depth, depth complexity and motion. Motion and complexity of the depth image have a strong influence on the acceptable depth quality in 3D videos. While depth quality gives useful information about 3D perception, additional work is necessary for developing objective metrics based on depth quality.
Electron mobility in thin In<inf>0.53</inf>Ga<inf>0.47</inf>As channel (2017)

Channel thickness T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CH</sub> dependence of electron mobility μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EFF</sub> in thin In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As channels was investigated at temperatures T from 35 to 300 K using conventional parametric and pulsed I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -measurements, including a novel technique with time resolution down to 10 ns. It is show that accurate mobility measurements can be obtained using low T and/or fast pulsed measurements, thus avoiding significant underestimations of μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EFF</sub> due to charge trapping with slow/parametric measurements. Furthermore, annealing is demonstrated to strongly suppress charge trapping, which results in μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EFF</sub> = 1015 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs at T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CH</sub> = 7.1 nm, carrier density N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , and T = 300 K. We demonstrate that room-temperature μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EFF</sub> degrades by less than 10% as T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CH</sub> is scaled from 300 nm down to 7 nm, thus indicating that there is no “mobility bottleneck” down to T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CH</sub> = 7 nm.
Enhanced apoptotic effects of novel paclitaxel analogs on NCI/ADR-RES breast cancer cells. (2003)

This study aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of novel paclitaxel analogs on NCI/ADR-RES breast cancer cells. Using the colony formation assay, the cytotoxicity of three novel paclitaxel analogs were evaluated on NCI/ADR-RES cells which overexpress multidrug-resistant gene (MDR1). All three novel paclitaxel analogs exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity on NCI/ADR-RES cells than paclitaxel. One analog, TL139, was 140 times more effective than paclitaxel. Using TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assay, remarkably increased apoptosis in the paclitaxel analog-treated cells was observed at 48-72 hours, but not in paclitaxel-treated cells. Caspases-3/7 were dramatically activated at 48-72 hours by the novel paclitaxel analogs. The enhanced activity of caspases-3/7 was evidently verified by the measurement of the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The increased activity of caspases-3/7 significantly correlated with the enhanced apoptosis and cell survival data. Treatment with paclitaxel analogs resulted in a significant amount of mitotic arrest. Using Western blot, the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 protein was found in palictaxel analog-treated cells in a time-dependent manner similar to that of mitotic arrest, thereby indicating that there existed a close correlation between Bcl-2 phosphorylation and mitotic arrest that preceded apoptosis. We conclude that novel taxane analogs could effectively kill MDR1-positive breast cancer cells via the mode of apoptosis.
Photoacoustic FTIR Spectroscopy, a Nondestructive Method for Sensitive Analysis of Solid-Phase Organic Chemistry (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPhotoacoustic FTIR Spectroscopy, a Nondestructive Method for Sensitive Analysis of Solid-Phase Organic ChemistryFrancis Gosselin, Mauro Di Renzo, Thomas H. Ellis, and William D. LubellView Author Information Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 23, 7980–7981Publication Date (Web):November 15, 1996Publication History Received24 July 1996Published online15 November 1996Published inissue 15 November 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961393ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961393grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views662Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Infrared spectroscopy,Organic polymers,Photophysics,Spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
Feasibility of room-temperature mid-wavelength infrared photodetectors using InAsSb nanostructured photoabsorbers (2018)

Compound semiconductor mid-wavelength infrared photodetectors operating at room temperature are the sensors of choice for demanding applications such as thermal imaging, heat-seeking, and spectroscopy. However, those detectors suffer from high dark current and thus normally require additional cooling accessories. In this work, we argue for the fundamental feasibility that by using nanowires coupled with plasmonic nano-antennae as photoabsorbers, the dark current can be largely reduced compared with typical planar devices. To demonstrate the idea, we simulate the device characteristics, such as dark current, responsivity, and detectivity, of InAsSb<sub>0.07</sub> nanowire photodetectors, and compare those properties with the best research InAs photovoltaic diodes. The results show that the designed nanowire detectors offer over one-order lower dark current and enable a peak detectivity of 7.0×10<sup>10</sup> cm Hz<sup>1/2</sup>W<sup>-1</sup> at 3.5 &mu;m. We believe this work will provide a guidance to the design of nanowire-based MWIR photodetectors and stimulate additional experimental and theoretical research studies.
Efficient Method for Pinacol Coupling of Aromatic and Aliphatic Ketones by Using Titanium(II) Chloride and Zinc in the Presence of Pivalonitrile (1998)

Abstract The reductive coupling reaction of aromatic and aliphatic ketones including acyclic aliphatic ketones proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding pinacols in good to high yields below room temperature by the combined use of titanium(II) chloride and zinc in the presence of pivalonitrile. Meso-selective formation of the coupling products was observed in the cases with some acyclic aliphatic ketones.
Lipidated PrRP31 metabolites are long acting dual GPR10 and NPFF2 receptor agonists with potent body weight lowering effect (2022)

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is an endogenous neuropeptide involved in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. PrRP binds with high affinity to G-protein coupled receptor 10 (GPR10) and with lesser activity towards the neuropeptide FF receptor type 2 (NPFF2R). The present study aimed to develop long-acting PrRP31 analogues with potent anti-obesity efficacy. A comprehensive series of C18 lipidated PrRP31 analogues was characterized in vitro and analogues with various GPR10 and NPFF2R activity profiles were profiled for bioavailability and metabolic effects following subcutaneous administration in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. PrRP31 analogues acylated with a C18 lipid chain carrying a terminal acid (C18 diacid) were potent GPR10-selective agonists and weight-neutral in DIO mice. In contrast, acylation with aliphatic C18 lipid chain (C18) resulted in dual GPR10-NPFF2R co-agonists that suppressed food intake and promoted a robust weight loss in DIO mice, which was sustained for at least one week after last dosing. Rapid in vivo degradation of C18 PrRP31 analogues gave rise to circulating lipidated PrRP metabolites maintaining dual GPR10-NPFF2R agonist profile and long-acting anti-obesity efficacy in DIO mice. Combined GPR10 and NPFF2R activation may therefore be a critical mechanism for obtaining robust anti-obesity efficacy of PrRP31 analogues.
Video-audio driven real-time facial animation (2015)

We present a real-time facial tracking and animation system based on a Kinect sensor with video and audio input. Our method requires no user-specific training and is robust to occlusions, large head rotations, and background noise. Given the color, depth and speech audio frames captured from an actor, our system first reconstructs 3D facial expressions and 3D mouth shapes from color and depth input with a multi-linear model. Concurrently a speaker-independent DNN acoustic model is applied to extract phoneme state posterior probabilities (PSPP) from the audio frames. After that, a lip motion regressor refines the 3D mouth shape based on both PSPP and expression weights of the 3D mouth shapes, as well as their confidences. Finally, the refined 3D mouth shape is combined with other parts of the 3D face to generate the final result. The whole process is fully automatic and executed in real time. The key component of our system is a data-driven regresor for modeling the correlation between speech data and mouth shapes. Based on a precaptured database of accurate 3D mouth shapes and associated speech audio from one speaker, the regressor jointly uses the input speech and visual features to refine the mouth shape of a new actor. We also present an improved DNN acoustic model. It not only preserves accuracy but also achieves real-time performance. Our method efficiently fuses visual and acoustic information for 3D facial performance capture. It generates more accurate 3D mouth motions than other approaches that are based on audio or video input only. It also supports video or audio only input for real-time facial animation. We evaluate the performance of our system with speech and facial expressions captured from different actors. Results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our method.
Empirical IIoT Data Traffic Analysis and Comparison to 3GPP 5G Models (2021)

5G New Radio (NR) technology is expected to enable the wireless transition of manufacturing processes in modern factories. In order to proper dimension the 5G system, accurate models of the data and control traffic in industrial use cases are needed. In this paper, we analyze the industrial traffic empirically measured in different Danish factories and compare its characteristics to the modeling assumptions used in the 3GPP for 5G NR performance analyses. In particular, three relevant use cases are studied: a unit test cell for actuator calibration, a visual inspection cell, and the control of an autonomous mobile robot (AMR). Our results indicate that some of the relevant 3GPP assumptions for industrial traffic such as exponential packet-interarrival time (PIAT) for aperiodic traffic and fixed packet sizes are only partially corroborated by experimental evidence. Moreover, industrial traffic can exhibit a large burstiness that may lead to conservative admission control and radio resource allocation.