gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces and Moments for Underwater Vehicles Using Overset Grids (2006)

This paper describes the addition of an overset mesh capability to existing twoand three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solvers that share a cellcentered, finite volume, structured multiblock formulation. The calculation and processing of the overset interpolations are handled by leveraging third-party software. Specifically, the cell-centered, overset interpolation stencils for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional grids are generated using a structured, unstructured and generalized overset grid assembler (SUGGAR). Overset grid compatibility is then added to the RANS solvers by incorporating a library to handle the donor interpolation receptor transactions (DiRTlib). The software for integrating the hydrodynamic forces and moments on overlapping surface grids is new, so much of the paper is devoted to the description of that method. The approach that is described generates a unique surface using ranked polygons (USURP). Finally, surface pressures and the predicted forces and moments are shown to be in good agreement with measurements for DARPA SUBOFF and with more recent measurements for various configurations of the ONR Body-1 submarine model.
Physiological role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK): insights from knockout mouse models (2003)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is viewed as a fuel sensor for glucose and lipid metabolism. To understand better the physiological role of the catalytic AMPK subunit isoforms, we generated two knockout mouse models with the alpha1 (AMPK alpha 1(-/-)) and alpha 2 (AMPK alpha 2(-/-)) catalytic subunit genes deleted. No defect in glucose homoeostasis was observed in AMPK alpha 1(-/-) mice. On the other hand, AMPK alpha 2(-/-) mice presented high plasma glucose levels and low plasma insulin concentrations in the fed period and during the glucose tolerance test. Nevertheless, in isolated AMPK alpha 2(-/-) pancreatic islets, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was not affected. Surprisingly, AMPK alpha 2(-/-) mice were insulin-resistant and had reduced muscle glycogen synthesis as assessed in vivo by the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp procedure. Reduction of insulin sensitivity and glycogen synthesis were not dependent on the lack of AMPK in skeletal muscle, since mice expressing a dominant inhibitory mutant of AMPK in skeletal muscle were not affected and since insulin-stimulated glucose transport in incubated muscles in vitro was normal in AMPK alpha 2(-/-) muscles. Furthermore, AMPK alpha 2(-/-) mice have a higher sympathetic tone, as shown by increased catecholamine urinary excretion. Increased adrenergic tone could explain both decreased insulin secretion and insulin resistance observed in vivo in AMPK alpha 2(-/-) mice. We suggest that the alpha2 catalytic subunit of AMPK plays a major role as a fuel sensor by modulating the activity of the autonomous nervous system in vivo.
Interaction Metrics for Feedback Control of Sound Radiation from Stiffened Panels (2003)

Interaction metrics developed for the process control industry are used to evaluate decentralized control of sound radiation from bays on an aircraft fuselage. The metrics are applied to experimentally measured frequency response data from a model of an aircraft fuselage. The purpose is to understand how coupling between multiple bays of the fuselage can destabilize or limit the performance of a decentralized active noise control system. The metrics quantitatively verify observations from a previous experiment, in which decentralized controllers performed worse than centralized controllers. The metrics do not appear to be useful for explaining control spillover which was observed in a previous experiment.
Thermal imidization of fluorinated poly(amic acid) precursors on a glycidyl methacrylate graft-polymerized Si(100) surface (2001)

A novel method was developed to achieve good adhesion of fluorinated polyimides (FPIs) on a Si(100) surface via thermal imidization of the fluorinated poly(amic acid) precursors (FPAAs) onto an argon plasma-pretreated and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) graft-polymerized Si(100) (GMA-g-Si) surface. The FPI/GMA-g-Si laminates exhibited 180°-peel adhesion strengths as high as 8.0 N/cm, compared to negligible adhesion strength for the laminates prepared from thermal imidization of the FPAAs on pristine and argon plasma-treated Si(100) substrates. The high-adhesion strength was attributed to the synergistic effect of coupling the curing of epoxide functional groups of the grafted GMA chains with the imidization process of the FPAAs, and the fact that the GMA chains were covalently tethered on the Si(100) surface. The adhesion strength of the thermally imidized poly(amic acid) precursor of polyimide (PI, Kapton HN®) on the present graft-modified Si(100) surface was also investigated for comparison purpose. It was found that the presence of fluorine-containing groups, such as CF3, had negligible effect on the adhesion of the FPIs to the present graft-modified silicon substrates. The plasma-activated and graft-modified silicon surfaces were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic-force microscopy. The reaction and composition at the polymer–Si interphase were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XPS. XPS results also revealed that the FPI/GMA-g-Si assembly delaminated by cohesive failure inside the polymer film.
Negative differential electron mobility and single valley transport in diamond (2010)

Electron transport in isolated conduction band valleys across macroscopic distances has been observed in single-crystalline CVD diamond at 70 K by use of the time-of-flight technique. This is possi ...
Social geography and ethnicity in Britain : geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration (1996)

The national picture: geographical spread - the national picture level and nature of spatial concentration and segregation of minority ethnic populations in Great Britain, 1991 internal migration and ethnicity in Britain inter-generational differences in ethnic settlement patterns in Britain. The local dimension: London - a true cosmopolis ethnic minorities in the Midlands geographical patterns in a cluster of Pennine cities.
UXO STUDIO: ADVANCED EMI MODELING AND CLASSIFICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR LIVE SITE UXO CLASSIFICATION (2013)

The advanced EMI models, developed and tested over the past five years as part of various SERDP and ESTCP projects, combined with statistical signal processing approach showed excellent discrimination performance when applied to next-generation-sensor data collected at live sites, such as Camp Sibert, AL, San Louis Obispo (SLO), CA, Camp Butner, NC, Camp Beale, CA and Spencer Range, TN,. The suite of methods, which combines the orthonormalized volume magnetic source (ONVMS) model, a data-preprocessing technique based on joint diagonalization (JD), and differential evolution (DE) minimization, among others, was seen to provide excellent classification in both single- and multiple-target scenarios. Recent ESTCP live-site UXO classification studies at Fort Sill, OK showed that the advanced EMI models not only were able to classify all “easy seed UXO items”, but also managed to identify all other targets, no matter how unexpected or site-specific (as small as a part of 4-cm projectile). In order to transfer this technology to the UXO community, we have developed a new, user friendly, easy to use software package, called the UXO studio. The software offers the ability to perform data pre-processing using the joint diagonalization; data inversion and parameter extraction via the combined OVNMS-DE approach for single and multi objects; and finally, it clusters the extracted classification feature parameters and generates a custom list of training targets. The code allows a user to build a library, conduct classification interactively and build a prioritized dig list. The main computational modules are implemented in Fortran, and are compatible with Windows and Unix system computers. Data visualization and analysis are done in Matlab and can be adapted in Geosoft Montaj environment. This paper will demonstrate the code's main functionality and data visualization on actual EMI data.
Induction Heat Treatment of Gears and Gear-Like Components (2019)

Gear manufacturers have increased their knowledge of the production of quality gears and gear-like components. This knowledge has led to many improvements including lower noise, lighter weight, and lower cost as well as increased load-carrying capacity to handle higher speeds and torque with a minimum amount of generated heat. Improvements in wear resistance, contact fatigue strength, endurance, and impact strength help to eliminate premature gearbox failure. Formation of considerable compressive residual stresses at the surface and in the subsurface help inhibit crack development and resist tensile bending fatigue. Sharp corners sometimes get excessively heated compared to the rest of the teeth surface, which leads to grain coarsening and, in some instances, even grain boundary liquation making them to be susceptible to crack development. Induction heating is a multifaceted, multidimensional phenomenon comprised of complex interactions involving electromagnetics, heat transfer, materials science, metallurgy, and circuit analysis.
White Light from a Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell: Controlling the Energy-Transfer in a Conjugated Polymer/Triplet-Emitter Blend (2015)

We report on the attainment of broadband white light emission from a host-guest light-emitting electrochemical cell, comprising a blue-emitting conjugated polymer as the majority host and a red-emitting small-molecule triplet emitter as the minority guest. An analysis of the energy structure reveals that host-to-guest energy transfer can be effectuated by both Förster and Dexter processes, and through a careful optimization of the active material composition partial energy transfer and white emission is accomplished at a low guest concentration of 0.5%. By adding a small amount of a yellow-emitting conjugated polymer to the active material, white light emission with a high color rendering index of 79, and an efficiency of 4.3 cd/A at significant luminance (>200 cd/m(2)), is realized.
Saturation magnetisation as an indicator of the disintegration of barium hexaferrite nanoplatelets during the surface functionalisation (2023)

Barium hexaferrite nanoplatelets (BHF NPLs) are permanent nanomagnets with the magnetic easy axis aligned perpendicular to their basal plane. By combining this specific property with optimised surface chemistry, novel functional materials were developed, e.g., ferromagnetic ferrofluids and porous nanomagnets. We compared the interaction of chemically different phosphonic acids, hydrophobic and hydrophilic with 1-4 phosphonic groups, with BHF NPLs. A decrease in the saturation magnetisation after functionalising the BHF NPLs was correlated with the mass fraction of the nonmagnetic coating, whereas the saturation magnetisation of the NPLs coated with a tetraphosphonic acid at 80 °C was significantly lower than expected. We showed that such a substantial decrease in the saturation magnetisation originates from the disintegration of BHF NPLs, which was observed with atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and confirmed by a computational study based on state-of-the-art first-principles calculations. Fe K-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) and EXAFS (Extended X-ray absorption fine structure) combined with Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of an Fe-phosphonate complex on the partly decomposed NPLs. Comparing our results with other functionalised magnetic nanoparticles confirmed that saturation magnetisation can be exploited to identify the disintegration of magnetic nanoparticles when insoluble disintegration products are formed.
TRANSFORMATION OF NESTED LOOPS WITH MODULO INDEXING TO AFFINE RECURRENCES (1994)

For multi-dimensional (M-D) signal and data processing systems, transformation of algorithmic specifications is a major instrument both in code optimization and code generation for parallelizing compilers and in control flow optimization as a preprocessor for architecture synthesis. State-of-the-art transformation techniques are limited to affine index expressions. This is however not sufficient for many important applications in image, speech and numerical processing. In this paper, a novel transformation method is introduced, oriented to the subclass of algorithm specifications that contains modulo expressions of affine functions to index M-D signals. The method employs extensively the concept of Hermite normal form. The transformation method can be carried out in polynomial time, applying only integer arithmetic.
Ceramic Injection Moulding using 3D-Printed Mould Inserts (2019)

In general, micromilled mould inserts made of steel, aluminum or brass are used today for ceramic injection moulding (CIM) processes. However, tool making via mechanical subtractive manufacturing processes as micromilling is time- and cost-effective and the use of 3D printed mould inserts becomes an attractive alternative to metal mould inserts. In this paper, we report about the use of 3D printed mould inserts for CIM of alumina microreactor parts. It was observed that mould inserts printed using the Polyjet technology were very well suited for functional prototyping via CIM. The mould inserts surface was found without visible thermally introduced damage after twenty CIM process cycles. In contrast to the high quality of mould inserts printed using the PolyJet technology, mould inserts made via fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology revealed as not applicable for the purpose of this study. The mould inserts manufactured using FDM-printer exhibit significantly higher surface roughness, larger longitudinal deflection and manufacturing-related undercuts along the edges of the 3D printed microstructure.
In-vivo Measurement of Radio Frequency Electric Fields in Mice Brain (2022)

ABSTRACT With development of novel technologies, radio frequency (RF) energy exposure is expanding at various wavelengths and power levels. These developments necessitate updated approaches of RF measurements in complex environments, particularly in live biological tissue. In this study, we introduce a technique for direct in-vivo measurement of electric fields in living tissue. Proof of principle in-vivo electric field measurements were conducted in rodent brains using Bismuth Silicon Oxide (BSO) crystals exposed to varying levels of RF energy. Electric field measurements were calibrated and verified using in-vivo temperature measurements using optical temperature fibers alongside electromagnetic field simulations of a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell. SIGNIFICANCE Accurate dosimetry of the absorbed radio frequency (RF) electric fields (E-Fields) by the live tissue is the keystone of environmental health considerations for this type of ever-growing non-ionizing radiation energy. The complexity of biological tissue and technical difficulties have made direct measurement of E-fields in live tissue challenging leading to application of ex-vivo and in-silico approaches. Here, we present a novel method for in-vivo direct measurement of RF E-fields in anesthetized mice brain using electro-optic sensors.
Phylogenetic relationships of five morphological groups of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivumL. em Thell.) based on RAPD analysis (2000)

The genetic relationships among the five groups of hexaploid wheat: common, spelta, macha, vavilovii, and semi-wild wheat (SWW) are not clear. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to assess phylogenetic relationships among these five morphological groups of hexaploid wheat. RAPD data were analyzed using the NTSYS-PC computer program to generate Jaccard genetic similarity coefficients. A dendrogram based on RAPD analysis grouped 15 accessions into five distinct clusters. These results are in agreement with those based on morphological classification, suggesting that common wheat is most closely related to SWW, followed by spelta, vavilovii, and macha.
5-Alkyl-2-urea-Substituted Pyridines: Identification of Efficacious Glucokinase Activators with Improved Properties (2016)

Two 1-(4-aryl-5-alkyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-methylurea glucokinase activators were identified with robust in vivo efficacy. These two compounds possessed higher solubilities than the previously identified triaryl compounds (i.e., AM-2394). Structure-activity relationship studies are presented along with relevant pharmacokinetic and in vivo data.
Trusted objects (2002)

A trusted object is a collection of data and programs that is designed to run properly even on an adversary's machine. We believe that network-based agents in high-consequence and in highly reliable applications will depend on this approach, and that the basis for such objects is what we term "faithful execution".
A New Fluorous Methoxymethyl (FMOM) Protecting Group for Alcohols (2006)

Abstract A new fluorous analogue of the popular MOM (methoxymethyl) protecting group can be introduced by reactions of alcohols with 1 H ,1 H ,2 H ,2 H ,3 H ,3 H ‐perfluoroundecyloxymethyl chloride (C 8 F 17 (CH 2 ) 3 OCH 2 Cl) and the resulting fluorous methoxymethyl ( F MOM) adducts can be deprotected under Brønsted or Lewis acidic conditions. The results suggest that the F MOM protecting group will find use in a number of fluorous synthesis settings.
Low Cost RFI Monitor for Continuous Observation and Characterization of Localized Interference Sources (2022)

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is an ever-increasing concern for the use of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). These signals can interfere with a user’s ability to receive the desired GNSS signals (jamming) or even worse, replace them with simulated signals that cause the user to obtain the wrong position and/or time estimate (spoofing). Such interfering signals may be fairly weak and only effective in a fairly limited area. Many potential schemes have been proposed for interference detection, including on board detection/rejection, crowdsourced methods and dedicated networks of sensors. We believe that we have identified a potential gap-filler that can enhance the detection of RFI, particularly when used in conjunction with the aforementioned methods. We are developing a low cost, distributed RFI detector based on a commercial off-the-shelf GNSS receiver, the u-blox F9. This receiver can monitor two different RF bands and many core-constellation signals. Our work seeks to leverage inexpensive commercial receivers with dual bands and hundreds of channels to develop a low-cost sensor to blanket a local region that needs protection, and economically detect even very localized interference sources in complex environments. This paper presents an initial set of metrics and thresholds to identify events of interest and define background interference levels. We present results displaying consistency in the receiver’s and satellites’ position solutions under nominal conditions and lack of consistency under the presence of RFI events during a United States government sanctioned jamming and spoofing test. We present power monitoring metrics including automatic gain control (AGC), programmable gain amplifier (PGA), carrier to noise density ratio (C/N0), and spectral analysis that we use to identify and characterize RFI events. Our analysis shows the benefits of continuously monitoring a wide variety of metrics and performing consistency checks.
Recurrence risk after anticoagulant treatment of limited duration for late, second venous thromboembolism (2014)

Patients with a second venous thromboembolism generally receive anticoagulant treatment indefinitely, although it is known that the recurrence risk diminishes over time while the risk of hemorrhage persists with continued anticoagulation and increases with age. Based on these arguments and limited evidence for indefinitely prolonged treatment, the Dutch guidelines recommend considering treatment of a limited duration (i.e. 12 months) for a 'late' second venous thromboembolism, defined by a second venous thromboembolism diagnosed more than 1 year after discontinuing treatment for a first event. It is hypothesized that the risk of continued anticoagulation might outweigh the benefits in such circumstances. We evaluated this management in daily practice. Since 2003, limited duration of treatment was systematically considered at our hospital in consecutive patients, in whom we determined the recurrence risk. Of 131 patients with late second venous thromboembolism, 77 were treated for a limited duration, of whom 26 developed a symptomatic third venous thromboembolism thereafter during a cumulative follow-up of 277 years, resulting in an incidence rate of 9.4/100 patient-years (95% confidence interval: 6.1-14). The incidence rates in patients with unprovoked and provoked venous thromboembolism were 12/100 patient-years (95% confidence interval: 7.4-19) and 5.6/100 patient-years (95% confidence interval: 2.2-12), respectively [adjusted hazard ratio 2.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.1-7.2)]. The recurrence risk after treatment of limited duration for 'late' second venous thromboembolism exceeded the risk of hemorrhage associated with extended anticoagulation. Most patients may, therefore, be better served by treatment of indefinite duration, although the risk-benefit ratio of extended anticoagulation should be weighed for every patient.
Effects of retinoic acid on the activation and fusion of mouse alveolar macrophages induced by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1986)

1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] directly induces both fusion and cytotoxicity in murine alveolar macrophages. Unlike 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, retinoic acid per se did not induce fusion of alveolar macrophages, but it greatly enhanced the 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced fusion every time the macrophages were treated simultaneously with the two vitamins. The giant cells induced by the two vitamins were much larger than those induced by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 alone. The macrophages treated with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 started to fuse 36 h after the addition of the vitamin, whereas the macrophages pretreated with retinoic acid for 24 h began to fuse immediately after 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 was added. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid activated alveolar macrophages similarly, measured by the enhancement of glucose consumption and the induction of cytotoxicity against tumor cells, though 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 was 100 times more potent than retinoic acid on a molar basis. Simultaneous treatment with physiological concentrations of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (0.12 nM) and retinoic acid (10 nM) induced cytotoxicity additively. Morphological examinations revealed that the treated cells were enlarged and flattened with numerous filopodia. These results clearly indicate that both 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid similarly activate alveolar macrophages, and the activated state is prerequisite to the fusion of macrophages induced by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3.
High-temperature deep-subsurface microbial communities as a possible equivalent of ancient ecosystems (2010)

Microbiological, molecular biological, and radioisotopic studies suggest that active and complex microbial communities exist in the deep layers of the subsurface biosphere. This review discusses only one group of such communities, i.e., those developing at high (above 60°C temperatures). Oil wells, subsurface water reservoirs (e.g., the Great Artesian Basin in Australia), deep mines (in South Africa), and high-temperature horizons below the seafloor in the areas of underwater volcanic activity contain the best-studied high-temperature subsurface ecosystems. These microbial communities differ considerably from one another in biodiversity, initial energy substrate, and major microbiological processes. However, before they can be considered as equivalents of the Earth’s primordial ecosystems, it is necessary to demonstrate that they are energetically independent of the modern biosphere.