gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-ray vector radiography of a human hand (2017)

Grating based x-ray phase-contrast reveals differential phase-contrast (DPC) and dark-field contrast (DFC) on top of the conventional absorption image. X-ray vector radiography (XVR) exploits the directional dependence of the DFC and yields the mean scattering strength, the degree of anisotropy and the orientation of scattering structures by combining several DFC-projections. Here, we perform an XVR of an ex vivo human hand specimen. Conventional attenuation images have a good contrast between the bones and the surrounding soft tissue. Within the bones, trabecular structures are visible. However, XVR detects subtler differences within the trabecular structure: there is isotropic scattering in the extremities of the phalanx in contrast to anisotropic scattering in its body. The orientation changes as well from relatively random in the extremities to an alignment along the longitudinal trabecular orientation in the body. In the other bones measured, a similar behavior was found. These findings indicate a deeper insight into the anatomical configuration using XVR compared to conventional radiography. Since microfractures cause a discontinuous trabecular structure, XVR could help to detect so-called radiographically occult fractures of the trabecular bones.
Introduction (2012)

No AccessMaterials Science of Polymers for EngineersSep 2012IntroductionTim A. Osswald, Georg MengesTim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Georg MengesSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569905241.001SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2012Pages: 1-20Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-514-2eISBN: 978-1-56990-524-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2012 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Designing a Biocontainment Unit to Care for Patients with Serious Communicable Diseases: A Consensus Statement (2006)

In spite of great advances in medicine, serious communicable diseases are a significant threat. Hospitals must be prepared to deal with patients who are infected with pathogens introduced by a bioterrorist act (e.g., smallpox), by a global emerging infectious disease (e.g., avian influenza, viral hemorrhagic fevers), or by a laboratory accident. One approach to hazardous infectious diseases in the hospital setting is a biocontainment patient care unit (BPCU). This article represents the consensus recommendations from a conference of civilian and military professionals involved in the various aspects of BPCUs. The role of these units in overall U.S. preparedness efforts is discussed. Technical issues, including medical care issues (e.g., diagnostic services, unit access); infection control issues (e.g., disinfection, personal protective equipment); facility design, structure, and construction features; and psychosocial and ethical issues, are summarized and addressed in detail in an appendix. The consensus recommendations are presented to standardize the planning, design, construction, and operation of BPCUs as one element of the U.S. preparedness effort.
D2D Assisted Multi-antenna Coded Caching (2020)

A device-to-device (D2D) aided multi-antenna coded caching scheme is proposed to improve the average delivery rate and reduce the downlink (DL) beamforming complexity.} Novel beamforming and resource allocation schemes are proposed where local data exchange among nearby users is exploited. The transmission is split into two phases: local D2D content exchange and DL transmission. In the D2D phase, subsets of users are selected to share content with the adjacent users directly. {In this regard, a low complexity D2D mode selection algorithm is proposed to find the appropriate set of users for the D2D phase with comparable performance to the optimal exhaustive search. {During} the DL phase, the base station multicasts the remaining data requested by all the users. We identify scenarios and conditions where D2D transmission can reduce the delivery time. Furthermore, we demonstrate how} adding the new D2D phase to the DL-only scenario can significantly reduce the beamformer design complexity in the DL phase. The results further highlight that by partly delivering requested data in the D2D phase, the transmission rate can be boosted due to more efficient use of resources during the subsequent DL phase. As a result, the overall content delivery performance is greatly enhanced, especially in the finite signal-to-noise (SNR) regime.
Optically Abrupt Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Si Nanowires by Mitigation of Carrier Density Gradients (2015)

Spatial control of carrier density is critical for engineering and exploring the interactions of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in nanoscale semiconductors. Here, we couple in situ infrared spectral response measurements and discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculations to show the impact of axially graded carrier density profiles on the optical properties of mid-infrared LSPRs supported by Si nanowires synthesized by the vapor-liquid-solid technique. The region immediately adjacent to each intentionally encoded resonator (i.e., doped segment) can exhibit residual carrier densities as high as 10(20) cm(-3), which strongly modifies both near- and far-field behavior. Lowering substrate temperature during the spacer segment growth reduces this residual carrier density and results in a spectral response that is indistinguishable from nanowires with ideal, atomically abrupt carrier density profiles. Our experiments have important implications for the control of near-field plasmonic phenomena in semiconductor nanowires, and demonstrate methods for determining and controlling axial dopant profile in these systems.
Interpretation of the Transient Pressure Recorded by a Multiprobe Wireline Formation Tester in a Layered Reservoir (1993)

Abstract The deconvolution of the transient pressure response recorded by one monitor probe (the v or "vertical" probe) of a multiprobe formation tester with respect to that recorded by the other probe (the h or "hor-izontal" probe) yields the Pv/Ph transfer function. The transfer function response is independent of the flow rate variation and local effects in the vicinity of the sink probe and hence offers an attractive diag- nostic/interpretation technique. However, the complete theoretical transfer function response has not been calculated and systematically studied even for the simplest case of a wellbore located in a homogeneous infinite reservoir. This paper contains a limited catalog of responses, which account for the wellbore, for reservoirs that are homogeneous, infinite or finite, have one or two layers, and have a thin shale streak present between the h and v probes. A systematic study is made of the variation of this response with the formation, fluid and geometric parameters of the model. This study has led to the conclusions that the existence and location of layer boundaries and shale streaks must be independently known from other measurements (openhole logs or borehole images) before inverting for the anisotropic permeabilities. A simultaneous inversion of the geometric parameters and the permeabilities will most likely result in nonuniqueness. For example, if the data from a formation with layering are interpreted using a homogeneous model, the resulting permeability anisotropy estimates may be in significant error. Moreover, very different physical situations often lead to very similar Pv/Ph transfer functions, and thus the risk is high that a diagnosis is incorrect when it is made solely from the transfer function obtained by deconvolving the measured pressure responses. An example with field data is presented, and the transfer function derived from the measured pressure transients through deconvolution is compared with the theoretical response of models obtained by pressure history-matching.
Identification of a Plasmin-Interactive Site within the A2 Domain of the Factor VIII Heavy Chain. (2005)

Abstract Factor VIII (FVIII) is inactivated by limited proteolytic cleavage by plasmin immediately after the activation. However, the plasmin-interactive region(s) in FVIII remain to be determined. Recently, we reported that the A2 domain may interact with plasmin during FVIII inactivation by this protease (Abst #1991, BLOOD102, 2002). In the current study, several approaches were employed to examine the localization and role of plasmin-interactive region(s). Activation and inactivation rate constants of plasmin-catalyzed FVIII and FVIIIa by the addition of isolated A2 subunit were reduced by ~4 and ~13-folds, respectively, in dose-dependent manners using one-stage clotting assay. The addition of Glu-Gly-Arg active-site modified factor IXa, interacts with the A2 domain, also reduced the rate constant of FVIIIa inactivation by ~4-fold. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that an anti-A2 monoclonal antibody 413, recognizing residues 484–509 in factor IXa-interactive site, blocked the plasmin-catalyzed cleavages at Arg336, Arg372, and Arg740 in the heavy chain. Surface plasmon resonance-based assay using anhydro-plasmin, catalytically inactive derivative of plasmin in which the active-site serine was converted to dehydroalanine, showed that FVIII and isolated A2 subunit bound to anhydro-plasmin with Kd values of 4 and 21 nM, respectively. The binding assay using ELISA with immobilized anhydro-plasmin also showed the similar binding affinities. Monoclonal antibody 413 blocked the A2 subunit binding to anhydro-plasmin by ~80% (IC50: 151 nM). Furthermore, synthetic peptide with sequences 479–504 inhibited this binding by ~55% (Ki: 3 microM), however, peptide with sequences 489–514 had a very weak inhibition (by &amp;lt;20%). To investigate the responsible residues in A2 domain for plasmin binding, the mutant forms of the A2 domain were expressed in baculovirus system and purified. Compared with wild type (23 nM), the affinity of R484A mutant was dramatically decreased by ~250-fold, and the affinities of K377A, K466A, R471A, and K523A mutants also were decreased by 10~40-folds, respectively. Especially, the addition of R484A mutant was reduced inactivation rate constant of plasmin-catalyzed FVIIIa by only ~40% of that of wild type. These findings demonstrate that Arg484 in the A2 domain contains plasmin-binding site responsible for plasmin-catalyzed FVIII(a) inactivation.
Summary of the 2015 LHCb workshop on multi-body decays of D and B mesons (2016)

This document contains a summary of the LHCb workshop on multi-body decays of D and B mesons, held at CBPF, Rio de Janeiro, in July 2015. The workshop was focused on issues related to amplitude analysis of three- and four-body hadronic decays. In addition to selected LHCb results, contributions from guest theorists are included.
Singlet fission in pentacene-fullerene solar cells (2017)

In recent years there is a considerable interest for singlet fission as a strategy to further increase the efficiency of organic solar cells. The prototypical example of singlet fission in organic molecules is pentacene which produces two triplet states after photoexcitation with a single photon with high quantum yield. Pentacene-fullerene solar cells in which the external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeds 100% have been reported. One remarkable issue of these pentacene-fullerene solar cells is that their open-circuit voltage (Voc = 0.35 V) is relative high compared to the energy of the triplet state of pentacene (ET = 0.85 eV) from which the charges are created. Because the energy of the interfacial charge transfer state in organic solar cells can be estimated from ECT ≈ qVoc + 0.5 eV = 0.85 eV, the triplet and charge-transfer state are almost degenerate. Here we study the relation between ECT, ET and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) for a series of inverted pentacene-fullerene bilayer solar cells employing five fullerene derivatives with different reduction potentials. By using fullerenes with more negative reduction potentials than C60, the open-circuit voltage of these cells can be increased to 0.55 V. In this case ECT ≈ 1.05 eV, which is much higher than ET. We find that when increasing ECT above ET there is a significant loss in EQE at wavelengths were pentacene absorbs light. This provides indirect, but compelling, evidence for singlet fission being the main mechanism for charge generation in pentacene-fullerene bilayers because charge transfer from the triplet state is now endergonic and will not occur efficiently. In contrast, if charge generation would occur from the singlet state of pentacene (ES = 1.83 eV), charge transfer would still be exergonic and the drop in EQE would not be expected.
Infrared Multiphoton Excitation of Small Molecules (1984)

Abstract The collisionless infrared multiphoton excitation of small molecules, OCS, SO 2 , NO 2 and DN 3 is discussed. Despite the small absorbance of IR photons by these molecules, evidence for the population of highly excited vibronic levels below the dissociation threshold is obtained. Multiphoton dissociation is observed, as well. The average number of photons absorbed and dissociation yields depend predominately on the laser intensity. High order multiphoton processes couple the ground vibrational level with the quasicontinuum of excited levels below and above the dissociation threshold.
Effect of doping profile on the lifetime of green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2006)

The lifetime of green phosphorescent light-emitting diodes was improved by using a graded doping structure in light-emitting layer. A green device with high doping concentration at the hole transport layer and light-emitting layer interface showed longer lifetime than a conventional device with uniform doping concentration for the whole light-emitting layer by more than 60%.
TNFR-Associated Factor 2 Deficiency in B Lymphocytes Predisposes to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma in Mice (2012)

We have previously shown that transgenic (tg) mice expressing in B lymphocytes both BCL-2 and a TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) mutant lacking the really interesting new gene and zinc finger domains (TRAF2DN) develop small lymphocytic lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia with high incidence (Zapata et al. 2004. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 16600-16605). Further analysis of the expression of TRAF2 and TRAF2DN in purified B cells demonstrated that expression of both endogenous TRAF2 and tg TRAF2DN was negligible in Traf2DN-tg B cells compared with wild-type mice. This was the result of proteasome-dependent degradation, and rendered TRAF2DN B cells as bona fide TRAF2-deficient B cells. Similar to B cells with targeted Traf2 deletion, Traf2DN-tg mice show expanded marginal zone B cell population and have constitutive p100 NF-κB2 processing. Also, TRAF3, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and Bcl-X(L) expression levels were increased, whereas cellular inhibitors of apoptosis 1 and 2 levels were drastically reduced compared with those found in wild-type B cells. Moreover, consistent with previous results, we also show that TRAF2 was required for efficient JNK and ERK activation in response to CD40 engagement. However, TRAF2 was deleterious for BCR-mediated activation of these kinases. In contrast, TRAF2 deficiency had no effect on CD40-mediated p38 MAPK activation but significantly reduced BCR-mediated p38 activation. Finally, we further confirm that TRAF2 was required for CD40-mediated proliferation, but its absence relieved B cells of the need for B cell activating factor for survival. Altogether, our results suggest that TRAF2 deficiency cooperates with BCL-2 in promoting chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma in mice, possibly by specifically enforcing marginal zone B cell accumulation, increasing X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis expression, and rendering B cells independent of B cell activating factor for survival.
In vitro selective expansion of allergen specific T cells from atopic patients. (1983)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic donors were stimulated in vitro with allergens (Rye group I or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). T cell lines were originated and maintained in long term culture using IL-2 and periodical restimulations with allergen. The lines were antigen specific (i.e. responded to the allergen used to raise them and not to other antigens) and required that the antigen was presented by autologous cells (i.e. they were restricted). The restriction elements were probably at the level of HLA-DR antigens since the proliferative response was specifically blocked by anti-HLA-DR antibodies. Surface marker analysis revealed that the lines comprised mainly cells with an helper/inducer phenotype, although cells with markers of the suppressor/cytotoxic T cells were also present. The lines could be cloned by limiting dilution and clones with the same restriction and specificity as the parental line were isolated. These studies demonstrate the possibility of obtaining a large number of allergen specific human T cells that can be used for further in vitro studies on the regulation of the IgE response.
Structure Determination of Ribosylated Rifampicin and Its Derivative: New Inactivated Metabolites of Rifampicin by Mycobacterial Strains. (1995)

Rifampicin (I) was converted into two inactivated products RIP-Ma and RIP-Mb by Mycobacterium smegmatis DSM43756. MS, NMR and chromatographic analysis showed the compounds to be 3-formyl-23-[O-(alpha-D-ribofuranosyl)]rifamycin SV (6) and 23-[O-(alpha-D-ribofuranosyl)]rifampicin (7), respectively.
Special Issue on Highlights of ACM Intelligent User Interface (IUI) 2018 (2019)

research-article Share on Special Issue on Highlights of ACM Intelligent User Interface (IUI) 2018 Authors: Mark Billinghurst School of ITMS, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia School of ITMS, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaView Profile , Margaret Burnett School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USAView Profile , Aaron Quigley School of Computer Science, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom School of Computer Science, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, United KingdomView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent SystemsVolume 10Issue 1March 2020 Article No.: 1pp 1–3https://doi.org/10.1145/3357206Published:12 October 2019Publication History 0citation192DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads192Last 12 Months27Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Enlarged perivascular spaces in brain MRI: Automated quantification in four regions (2018)

Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) are structural brain changes visible in MRI, are common in aging, and are considered a reflection of cerebral small vessel disease. As such, assessing the burden of PVS has promise as a brain imaging marker. Visual and manual scoring of PVS is a tedious and observer-dependent task. Automated methods would advance research into the etiology of PVS, could aid to assess what a "normal" burden is in aging, and could evaluate the potential of PVS as a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease. In this work, we propose and evaluate an automated method to quantify PVS in the midbrain, hippocampi, basal ganglia and centrum semiovale. We also compare associations between (earlier established) determinants of PVS and visual PVS scores versus the automated PVS scores, to verify whether automated PVS scores could replace visual scoring of PVS in epidemiological and clinical studies. Our approach is a deep learning algorithm based on convolutional neural network regression, and is contingent on successful brain structure segmentation. In our work we used FreeSurfer segmentations. We trained and validated our method on T2-contrast MR images acquired from 2115 subjects participating in a population-based study. These scans were visually scored by an expert rater, who counted the number of PVS in each brain region. Agreement between visual and automated scores was found to be excellent for all four regions, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between 0.75 and 0.88. These values were higher than the inter-observer agreement of visual scoring (ICCs between 0.62 and 0.80). Scan-rescan reproducibility was high (ICCs between 0.82 and 0.93). The association between 20 determinants of PVS, including aging, and the automated scores were similar to those between the same 20 determinants of PVS and visual scores. We conclude that this method may replace visual scoring and facilitate large epidemiological and clinical studies of PVS.
Gain characteristics and lasing of Ga(NAsP) multi‐quantum well structures (2008)

Abstract Lasing is demonstrated for a Ga(NAsP) multi quantumwell structure grown pseudomorphically on GaP using metal‐organic vapour‐phase epitaxy. For a series of temperatures ranging from 8 K to 290 K, the sample emission characteristics are determined. With increasing pump power, a spectral narrowing of the emitted light along with a blue‐shift is observed as the lasing threshold is approached. Above the threshold, the emission splits up spectrally into a pattern of clearly distinguishable modes. In addition, the potential of this material concerning roomtemperature lasing is investigated by means of a variable stripe‐length experiment, where a modal gain of 10 cm –1 is observed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptive models of short-term surface subsidence prediction and detection of the most hazardous building position in displacement trough (2013)

Surface subsidence prediction is needed to evaluate mechanical safety and make it possible to provide further operation of buildings located in subsided area. The process of surface subsidence is studied by means of adaptive model of short-term time sequence prediction. The aim of adaptive forecast method is to build self-adjusting mathematical models that can show time-varying conditions and give accurate evaluation of given time sequence elements. Such models are primarily used for short-term forecasting. An appropriate forecast model is chosen according to the comparison of forecast values with the full-scale data of control benchmark subsidence. The results of modelling analysis show that Holt’s model forecasting has the nearest equivalent values to real subsidence value. As a result of numerical modelling the worst position of a five-storey panel building in displacement trough and stress-strain behavior of a standard panel building are defined. Numerical modelling results are proved by survey data.