gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Somatostatin receptor subtypes: targeting functional and therapeutic specificity. (2002)

Somatostatin is a regulatory peptide involved in a wide variety of biological functions throughout the body. A key physiological question, as well as the challenge to developing somatostatin-based therapeutics, is how functional specificity can be conferred in such a widespread, multifunctional hormonal system. With the discovery of distinct subtypes of the somatostatin receptor, we have attempted to elucidate the manner in which somatostatin selectively regulates specific biological functions using panels of somatostatin analogs that have been fully characterized for their unique selectivity and specificity for the various receptor subtypes. By testing these selective analogs in well-established biological assay systems, we and our collaborators have revealed functional interactions between the somatostatin receptor subtypes that can either potentiate or antagonize the cellular response to somatostatin. These observations have resulted in several novel concepts for treating acromegaly that should offer greater efficacy to a larger percentage of patients than current therapeutic options. Further, these studies are providing evidence of interaction between the somatostatin receptor subtypes and receptors of other G-protein-coupled receptor families. These various levels of interaction provide a means by which the cellular response to somatostatin can be exquisitely controlled and modified by both physiological status and disease. Greater understanding of these interactions will provide the conceptual basis for future therapeutics with enhanced efficacy and with greater cellular and functional specificity.
A novel tumor‐related protein, C7orf24, identified by proteome differential display of bladder urothelial carcinoma (2007)

Proteome analysis of bladder cancer with narrow-range pH 2-DE has identified a novel protein on chromosome 7 encoded by ORF 24 (C7orf24) as one of the highly expressed proteins in cancer cells. C7orf24 is currently registered in the protein database as a hypothetical protein with unknown function. The homologs of C7orf24 in other animals have also been registered as putative protein genes. Western blot analysis using a mAb against C7orf24 confirmed its higher expression in bladder cancer compared with normal tissue. Several other cancer cell lines were also found to express C7orf24. However, the introduction of C7orf24 into Rat-1 or NIH3T3 cells did not cause malignant transformation. A stable transfectant of NIH3T3 cells with recombinant retrovirus vector was produced for a growth rate assay, and a higher growth rate was observed in C7orf24-expressing cells compared with the controls. Six kinds of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were then produced, and C7orf24-siRNA#5 showed a strong knockdown effect on protein expression and significant antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines were demonstrated by the MTT assay. Therefore, C7orf24 may have an important role in cancer cell proliferation, and may be an appropriate therapeutic target molecule against cancer.
Experimental and computational study comparing conventional diesel injectors and diverging group hole nozzle injectors in a high temperature pressure vessel and a heavy-duty diesel engine (2022)

Group hole nozzles (GHN) are injector tips with clusters of small holes used in place of a single large hole. In this work, GHN with two holes per cluster and a diverging angle of 15° between the holes were studied using experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and comparisons were made with conventional diesel injectors. First, experiments were performed in a high temperature pressure vessel (HTPV) to understand the free spray behavior. HTPV experiments revealed that the diverging GHN had slower penetration with a more dispersed spray and a shorter lift-off length relative to the conventional injector. The GHN also exhibited higher natural luminosity compared to the conventional injector, which is indicative of increased soot formation with the GHN. CFD model validated with HTPV experimental data was used to study the sensitivity to the angle between the holes and the hole count per cluster. Results showed that soot formation increased as the divergence angle increased from 0° to 15°. Furthermore, as the divergence angle increased, increasing the hole count per cluster increased the soot formation significantly. Following the HTPV study, the injectors were tested on a single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine at a high-load operating condition. Results showed that the diverging GHN injector produced a lower mixing-controlled combustion rate compared to the conventional injector. The slower burn rates resulted in lower NO x and higher soot emissions for the diverging GHN injector. CFD simulations of the engine experiments predicted the slower burn rate seen with the diverging GHN injector. In-cylinder visualization of the CFD results showed that slower penetration with the diverging GHN results in reduced mixing upon surface interaction, and an inability to utilize the fresh air in the outer regions of the combustion chamber which resulted in richer local equivalence ratios and higher soot emissions compared to the conventional injector.
Leaky-mode resonance photonics: technology for biosensors, optical components, MEMS, and plasmonics (2010)

Resonant leaky modes can be induced on dielectric, semiconductor, and metallic periodic layers patterned in one or two dimensions. Potential applications include bandpass and bandstop filters, laser mirrors, ultrasensitive biosensors, absorption enhancement in solar cells, security devices, tunable filters, nanoelectromechanical display pixels, dispersion/slow-light elements, and others. As there is now a growing realization worldwide of the utility of these devices, it is of interest to summarize their physical basis and present their applicability in photonic devices and systems. In particular, we have invented and implemented highly accurate, label-free, guided-mode resonance (GMR) biosensors that are being commercialized. The sensor is based on the high parametric sensitivity inherent in the fundamental resonance effect. As an attaching biomolecular layer changes the parameters of the resonance element, the resonance frequency (wavelength) changes. A target analyte interacting with a bio-selective layer on the sensor can thus be identified without additional processing or use of foreign tags. Another promising pursuit in this field is development of optical components including wideband mirrors, filters, and polarizers. We have experimentally realized such devices that exhibit a minimal layer count relative to their classical multilayer thin-film counterparts. Theoretical modeling has shown that wideband tuning of these filters is achievable by perturbing the structural symmetry using nano/microelectromechanical (MEMS) methods. MEMS-tuned resonance elements may be useful as pixels in spatial light modulators, tunable lasers, and multispectral imaging applications. Finally, mixed metallic/dielectric resonance elements exhibit simultaneous plasmonic and leaky-mode resonance effects. Their design and chief characteristics is described.
An efficient decentralized approach to processor-group membership maintenance in real-time LAN systems: the PRHB/ED scheme (2003)

In constructing highly reliable LAN systems, a mechanism that enables every active node to maintain timely and consistent knowledge about the health status of all cooperating nodes can be used as a cornerstone. The authors consider the case where maintenance of such knowledge is achieved in a decentralized manner and timely and consistent recognition of newly joining nodes is also facilitated. The authors develop an optimal version of H. Kopetz et al.'s (1985) periodic reception history broadcast (PRHB) method. The authors' version enables detection of failures with minimum latency and is called the PRHB with earliest detection (PRHB/ED). This scheme has much shorter latency than the previous PRHB scheme and is yet equally practical in the sense that it does not increase the communication traffic at all, and the complexity of the algorithm for analyzing the observations exchanged among the active nodes is still bounded by a linear function of the number of nodes in the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hydrogel-Coated Near Infrared Absorbing Nanoshells as Light-Responsive Drug Delivery Vehicles (2015)

Nanoparticle drug delivery carriers that can modulate drug release based on an exogenous signal, such as light, are of great interest, especially for improving cancer therapy. A light-activated delivery vehicle was fabricated by synthesizing a thin, thermally responsive poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide-<i>co</i>-acrylamide) hydrogel coating directly onto the surfaces of individual near-infrared (NIR) absorbing gold-silica nanoshells. This hydrogel was designed to be in a swollen state under physiological conditions and expel large amounts of water, along with any entrapped drug, at elevated temperatures. The required temperature change can be achieved via NIR absorption by the nanoshell, allowing the hydrogel phase change to be triggered by light, which was observed by monitoring changes in particle sizes as water was expelled from the hydrogel network. The phase change was reversible and repeatable. As a model drug, the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin was loaded into this delivery vehicle, and rapid release of doxorubicin occurred upon NIR exposure. Further, colon carcinoma cells exposed to the irradiated platform displayed nearly 3 times as much doxorubicin uptake as cells exposed to nonirradiated particles or free drug, which in turn resulted in a higher loss of cell viability. We hypothesize these effects are because the NIR-mediated heating results in a transient increase in cell membrane permeability, thus aiding in cellular uptake of the drug.
Apoptosis induction and AKT/NF-κB inactivation are associated with regroafenib-inhibited tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo (2019)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant lung cancer type with poor prognosis. NF-κB, the oncogenic transcription factor, has been recognized as an important mediator in progression of NSCLC. Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, was demonstrated to inhibit tumor progression through suppression of ERK/NF-κB signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. However, whether regorafenib inhibit progression of NSCLC is ambiguous. Thus, the major purpose of present study was to evaluate anticancer efficacy and underlying mechanism of regorafenib on tumor progression in NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. CL-1-5-F4 cells were treated with regorafenib, NF-κB (QNZ) or AKT (LY294002) inhibitor for 24 or 48 h. Then, we performed cell viability assay, NF-κB reporter gene assay, transwell invasion assay and apoptosis related flow cytometry assay on cellular level to verify anti-cancer effect and mechanism of regorafenib. CL-1-5-F4 bearing animal model was treated with vehicle or regorafenib for 28 days. The therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of regorafenib in CL-1-5-F4 bearing animal model were investigated by tumor size evaluation, whole body computer tomography (CT) scan, Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain. Our results demonstrated regorafenib significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic pathways in NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we also found the suppression of AKT/NF-κB signaling was required for regorafenib inhibited expression of progression-related and invasion-related proteins. Our finding indicated apoptosis induction and suppression of AKT/NF-κB signaling were associated with regorafenib-inhibited progression of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo.
Development of a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platform for breast cancer early diagnosis (2014)

Development of a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platform for breast cancer early diagnosisMicroBioMed is a selected project in the Operational Program INTERREG IV-A Euregio-Meuse-Rhine.The goal is to develop a network of expertise through the development of a lab-on-chip demonstrator for the immunological detection of breast cancer (in vitro diagnostics).
The protein phosphatases involved in cellular regulation (1985)

A type-1 protein phosphatase (protein phosphatase-1G) was purified to homogeneity from the glycogen-protein particle of rabbit skeletal muscle. Approximately 3 mg of enzyme were isolated within 4 days from 5000 g of muscle. Protein phosphatase-1G had a molecular mass of 137 kDa and was composed of two subunits G (103 kDa) and C (37 kDa) in a 1:1 molar ratio. The subunits could be dissociated by incubation in the presence of 2 M NaCl, separated by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100, and recombined at low ionic strength. The C component was the catalytic subunit, and was identical to the 37-kDa type-1 protein phosphatase catalytic subunit (protein phosphatase-1C) isolated from ethanol-treated muscle extracts, as judged by peptide mapping. The G component was the glycogen-binding subunit. It was very asymmetric, extremely sensitive to proteolytic degradation, and failed to silver stain on SDS/polyacrylamide gels. Protein phosphatase-1G was inhibited by inhibitor-1 and inhibitor-2, but unlike protein phosphatase-1C, the rate of inactivation was critically dependent on the ionic strength, temperature and time of preincubation with the inhibitor protein. At near physiological temperature and ionic strength, protein phosphatase-1G was inactivated very rapidly by inhibitor-1. Protein phosphatase-1G interacted with inhibitor-2 (I-2) to form an inactive species, with the structure GCI-2. This form could be activated by preincubation with Mg-ATP and glycogen synthase kinase-3. The G subunit could be phosphorylated on a serine residue(s) by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, but not by phosphorylase kinase or glycogen synthase kinase-3. Phosphorylation was rapid and stoichiometric, and increased the rate of inactivation of protein phosphatase-1G by inhibitor-1. The relationship of the G subunit to the 'deinhibitor protein' is discussed.
An Empirical Study on NVM-based Block I/O Caches (2018)

This paper presents an empirical study on block I/O caches when combining the performance benefits of emerging NVM storages and the cost-effectiveness of secondary storages. Current state-of-the-art I/O caching solutions are designed around the performance characteristics of SSDs, and our study reveals that using them with NVM storages does not fully reap the benefits of I/O devices with near-DRAM latencies. With fast NVM storages, locating data must be handled efficiently, but the sophisticated yet complex data structures used in existing designs impose significant overheads by substantially increasing the hit time. As this design approach is suboptimal for accessing fast I/O devices, we suggest several architectural designs to exploit the performance of NVM storages.
FEM using projection of physical properties suitable for movement modeling and optimization processes (2020)

Purpose Optimization processes and movement modeling usually require a high number of simulations. The purpose of this paper is to reduce global central processing unit (CPU) time by decreasing each evaluation time. Design Methodology Approach Remeshing the geometry at each iteration is avoided in the proposed method. The idea consists in using a fixed mesh on which functions are projected to represent geometry and supply. Findings Results are very promising. CPU time is reduced for three dimensional problems by almost a factor two, keeping a low relative deviation from usual methods. CPU time saving is performed by avoiding meshing step and also by a better initialization of iterative resolution. Optimization, movement modeling and transient-state simulation are very efficient and give same results as usual finite element method. Research Limitations Implications The method is restricted to simple geometry owing to the difficulty of finding spatial mathematical function describing the geometry. Moreover, a compromise between imprecision, caused by the boundary evaluation, and time saving must be found. Originality Value The method can be applied to optimize rotating machines design. Moreover, movement modeling is performed by shifting functions corresponding to moving parts.
Chemically Tuned Waterflooding in Carbonate Reservoirs: Experimental and Simulation Investigation (2018)

Abstract Low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) has been widely investigated to reduce the residual oil saturation in swept areas and thus improve oil recovery. Recently, extensive studies on crude oil, brine, and rock system reported that LSWF and increased sulfate ion concentration in the injected water could change rock wettability during waterflooding. The objective of this paper is to provide a deeper understanding the effect of sulfate ion concentration and low salinity waterflooding on oil recovery improvement due to wettability modification by applying experimental and simulation approaches. An experimental model with the properties of the same core was designed to understand the effect of LSWF and sulfate ion concentration on improved oil recovery during the waterflooding process. Reactive transport simulator (CrunchFlow 2007) was used to simulate the experimental result. Once the experimental and simulation results were matched, a sensitivity analysis was done by changing sulfate ion concentration and calculate the wettability index based on chromatographic separation of tracer (SCN-) and sulfate ion (SO42-) to investigate how could affect the sulfate ion concentration on modifying rock wettability. So when the area between SCN- and SO42- increased, the wettability modified toward water wet. The experimental results found that both LSWF and increased sulfate ion concentration three times can improve oil recovery factor by 10% and 19.5%, respectively. The reactive transport simulator results showed that the area between SCN- and SO42- increased as SO42- concentration increased and improved the core wettability toward more water wetness. The temperature has a significant effect on the SO42- adsorption and the high temperature resulted in more SO42- adsorption and the core wettability modified to be more water wetness. Combined two approaches, experimental and simulation, could be a viable technique to understand LSWF and sulfate ion concentration effect on improved rock wettability toward water-wet.
Preparation of polyamino acid catalysts for use in Juliá asymmetric epoxidation (1997)

This article describes improvements in the Juliá asymmetric epoxidation reaction. The oligopeptides needed for the study were synthesised from N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) employing various initiators, such as water, 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), and cross-linked aminomethylpolystyrene (CLAMPS) 1. Chirality 9:198–202, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multi-Relational Graph Transformer for Automatic Short Answer Grading (2022)

Rajat Agarwal, Varun Khurana, Karish Grover, Mukesh Mohania, Vikram Goyal. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2022.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Ovarian Cyst Infection with Avoidance of Ureteral Injury and Uterine Perforation following Intrauterine Insemination after Abdominal Modified Radical Trachelectomy (2019)

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) sometimes develops after intrauterine insemination (IUI). We herein present a case of PID which developed after IUI performed after abdominal modified radical trachelectomy (AmRT) and was treated with laparoscopic surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of laparoscopic surgery for PID that occurred after AmRT in Japan. A 39-year-old woman who was diagnosed with cervical cancer stage IA1 with lymphovascular invasion underwent AmRT and pelvic lymphadenectomy. At 3 years and 6 months after the surgery, she had fever and pain in her left lower abdomen 10 days after IUI. She was diagnosed with PID with left ovarian cyst infection and underwent laparoscopic left ovarian cystectomy. Before surgery, bilateral ureteral catheters were inserted because of possible difficulty identifying the ureters. During surgery, severe adhesion was seen in the pelvic cavity. By moving the catheters manually back and forth from outside the body, we were able to identify the ureters visually. A uterine manipulator was inserted during surgery, rather than before surgery, to avoid the risk of uterine perforation. Laparoscopic surgery with ureteral catheters and a uterine manipulator can be applied safely for such cases after AmRT even when severe intraperitoneal adhesion is present.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the HIV-1 envelope V2 apex confer protection against a clade C SHIV challenge (2017)

Neutralizing antibodies to the V2 apex antigenic region of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer are among the most prevalent cross-reactive antibodies elicited by natural infection. Two recently described V2-specific antibodies, PGDM1400 and CAP256-VRC26.25, have demonstrated exquisite potency and neutralization breadth against HIV-1. However, little data exist on the protective efficacy of V2-specific neutralizing antibodies. We created a novel SHIV-325c viral stock that included a clade C HIV-1 envelope and was susceptible to neutralization by both of these antibodies. Rhesus macaques received a single infusion of either antibody at three different concentrations (2, 0.4, and 0.08 mg/kg) before challenge with SHIV-325c. PGDM1400 was fully protective at the 0.4 mg/kg dose, whereas CAP256-VRC26.25-LS was fully protective even at the 0.08 mg/kg dose, which correlated with its greater in vitro neutralization potency against the challenge virus. Serum antibody concentrations required for protection were <0.75 μg/ml for CAP256-VRC26.25-LS. These data demonstrate unprecedented potency and protective efficacy of V2-specific neutralizing antibodies in nonhuman primates and validate V2 as a potential target for the prevention of HIV-1 infection in passive immunization strategies in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Carbene Complexes with Imidazol‐2‐ylidene Ligands: Syntheses of Conduritol Derivatives Reveals Superior RCM Activity. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery and Optimization of Novel Pyridines as Highly Potent and Selective Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibitors (2019)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 plays an essential role in multiple biochemical pathways in the cell, particularly in regards to energy regulation. As such, Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is an attractive target for pharmacological intervention in a variety of disease states, particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. However, due to homology with other crucial kinases, such as the cyclin-dependent protein kinase CDC2, developing compounds that are both potent and selective is challenging. A novel series of derivatives of 5-nitro-N2-(2-(pyridine-2ylamino)ethyl)pyridine-2,6-diamine were synthesized and have been shown to potently inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3). Potency in the low nanomolar range was obtained along with remarkable selectivity. The compounds activate glycogen synthase in insulin receptor-expressing CHO-IR cells and in primary rat hepatocytes, and have acceptable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to allow for oral dosing. The X-ray co-crystal structure of human GSK3-beta in complex with compound 2 is reported and provides insights into the structural determinants of the series responsible for its potency and selectivity.