gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The New Labour Experiment. Change and Reform Under Blair and Brown (2010)

The book provides a clear assessment of the New Labour public policies and their outcomes in Britain under the leadership of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown from 1997–2009. Authors Florence Faucher-King and Patrick Le Galès argue that New Labour, in contrast to its European counterparts, developed a right-wing economic policy program based upon light financial regulation and strict macroeconomic management. Blair and Brown developed a large controlling bureaucracy, making Britain's government one of the most centralized in the world.\nWhile some progressive policies were implemented, Faucher-King and Le Galès point to an overarching program of authoritative controls, massive surveillance, and illiberal social policies. Profound reforms were therefore linked to a new bureaucratic revolution that has subsequently been rejected by the British people. According to the authors, the financial crisis and the collapse of part of the banking system have signaled the end of the New Labour project. (Résumé éditeur)
Ablation of collagen VI leads to the release of platelets with altered function (2021)

Hemostatic abnormalities and impaired platelet function have been described in patients affected by connective tissue disorders. We observed a moderate bleeding tendency in patients affected by collagen VI-related disorders and investigated the defects in platelet functionality, whose mechanisms are unknown. We demonstrated that megakaryocytes express collagen VI that is involved in the regulation of functional platelet production. By exploiting a collagen VI-null mouse model (Col6a1-/-), we found that collagen VI-null platelets display significantly increased susceptibility to activation and intracellular calcium signaling. Col6a1-/- megakaryocytes and platelets showed increased expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and ORAI1, the components of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In vivo mTOR inhibition by rapamycin reduced STIM1 and ORAI1 expression and calcium flows, resulting in a normalization of platelet susceptibility to activation. These defects were cell autonomous, because transplantation of lineage-negative bone marrow cells from Col6a1-/- mice into lethally irradiated wild-type animals showed the same alteration in SOCE and platelet activation seen in Col6a1-/- mice. Peripheral blood platelets of patients affected by collagen VI-related diseases, Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, displayed increased expression of STIM1 and ORAI1 and were more prone to activation. Altogether, these data demonstrate the importance of collagen VI in the production of functional platelets by megakaryocytes in mouse models and in collagen VI-related diseases.
Catalytic 1,3‐Difunctionalisation of Organic Backbones through a Highly Stereoselective, One‐Pot, Boron Conjugate‐Addition/Reduction/Oxidation Process (2011)

Abstract A simple one‐pot, three‐step synthetic route to chiral 1,3‐amino alcohols and 1,3‐diols has been established. Considering the overall stereocontrol of the synthetic protocol, the first and key step is an enantioselective β‐boration of α,β‐unsaturated imines and ketones, respectively. The enantioselectivity provided by the Cu I catalyst modified with Josiphos‐ and Mandyphos‐type ligands has been examined. The oxidative substitution of the boryl unit with a hydroxyl group proceeds with complete retention of configuration at the C β ‐atom. In parallel, the stoichiometric reduction of the imino or carbonyl group provides a second stereogenic centre. Depending on the nature of the reducing reagent, exceptionally high diastereoselectivity is achieved, especially for syn ‐1,3‐amino alcohols and 1,3‐diols.
Organoruthenium derivative of the cyclic [H7P8W48O184]33? anion: [{K(H2O)}3{Ru(p-cymene)(H2O)}4P8W49O186(H2O)2]27? (2007)

Reaction of [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 with [H7P8W48O184]33- (P8W48) in aqueous acidic medium results in the organometallic derivative [{K(H2O)}3{Ru(p-cymene)(H2O)}4P8W49O186(H2O)2]27- (1); in addition to the four {Ru(p-cymene)(H2O)} units, an unusual WO6 group with four equatorial, terminal ligands is also grafted to the crown-shaped P8W48 precursor.
Secretion of RTX Leukotoxin by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (2000)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, the etiologic agent for localized juvenile periodontitis and certain other human infections, such as endocarditis, expresses a leukotoxin that acts on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Leukotoxin is a member of the highly conserved repeat toxin (RTX) family of bacterial toxins expressed by a variety of pathogenic bacteria. While the RTX toxins of other bacterial species are secreted, the leukotoxin of A. actinomycetemcomitans is thought to remain associated with the bacterial cell. We have examined leukotoxin production and localization in rough (adherent) and smooth (nonadherent) strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans. We found that leukotoxin expressed by the rough, adherent, clinical isolate CU1000N is indeed cell associated, as expected. However, we were surprised to find that smooth, nonadherent strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, including Y4, JP2 (a strain expressing a high level of toxin), and CU1060N (an isogenic smooth variant of CU1000N), secrete an abundance of leukotoxin into the culture supernatants during early stages of growth. After longer times of incubation, leukotoxin disappears from the supernatants, and its loss is accompanied by the appearance of a number of low-molecular-weight polypeptides. The secreted leukotoxin is active, as evidenced by its ability to kill HL-60 cells in vitro. We found that the growth phase and initial pH of the growth medium significantly affect the abundance of secreted leukotoxin, and we have developed a rapid (<2 h) method to partially purify large amounts of leukotoxin. Remarkably, mutations in the tad genes, which are required for tight nonspecific adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitansto surfaces, cause leukotoxin to be released from the bacterial cell. These studies show that A. actinomycetemcomitans has the potential to secrete abundant leukotoxin. It is therefore appropriate to consider a possible role for leukotoxin secretion in the pathogenesis of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
δ-Opioid receptor activation stimulates normal diet intake but conversely suppresses high-fat diet intake in mice (2014)

The central opioid system is involved in a broadly distributed neural network that regulates food intake. Here, we show that activation of central δ-opioid receptor not only stimulated normal diet intake but conversely suppressed high-fat diet intake as well. [D-Pen(2,5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE), an agonist selective for the δ-receptor, increased normal diet intake after central administration to nonfasted male mice. The orexigenic activity of DPDPE was inhibited by blockade of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), D-type prostanoid receptor 1 (DP(1)), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor type 1 (Y1) for PGD(2) and NPY, respectively, suggesting that this was mediated by the PGD(2)-NPY system. In contrast, DPDPE decreased high-fat diet intake in mice fed a high-fat diet. DPDPE-induced suppression of high-fat diet intake was blocked by antagonists of melanocortin 4 (MC(4)) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors but not by knockout of the L-PGDS gene. These results suggest that central δ-opioid receptor activation suppresses high-fat diet intake via the MC-CRF system, independent of the orexigenic PGD(2) system. Furthermore, orally administered rubiscolin-6, an opioid peptide derived from spinach Rubisco, suppressed high-fat diet intake. This suppression was also blocked by centrally administered naltrindole, an antagonist for the δ-receptor, suggesting that rubiscolin-6 suppressed high-fat diet intake via activation of central δ-opioid receptor.
ChemInform Abstract: Location of the Elusive Hydride Ligand in HRh(P(C6H5)3)4 via a Neutron Diffraction Analysis. (1990)

Abstract The title complex (I) (space group Pa3) contains the phosphine ligands in a geometry intermediate between tetrahedral and trigonal‐bipyramidal.
An improved consensus-like method for Minimum Bayes Risk decoding and lattice combination (2010)

In this paper we describe a method for Minimum Bayes Risk decoding for speech recognition. This is a technique similar to Consensus a.k.a. Confusion Network Decoding, in which we attempt to find the hypothesis that minimizes the Bayes' Risk with respect to the word error rate, based on a lattice of alternative outputs. Our method is an E-M like technique which makes approximations which we believe are less severe than the approximations made in Consensus, and our experimental results show an improvement in WER both for lattice rescoring and lattice-based system combination, versus baselines such as Consensus, Confusion Network Combination and ROVER.
Supplementary Methods from Activation of the <i>NOTCH</i> Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 111K&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Diels‐Alder Reaction: cis‐1‐Arylsulfonamido‐2‐indanols as Highly Effective Chiral Auxiliaries. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of scanning tunneling microscope profiles and Talystep mechanical profiler measurements of gratings and low-scatter surfaces (1990)

Several low-scatter optical surfaces and ion-etched gratings have been profiled by using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) or atomic force microscope (AFM) and a conventional Talystep mechanical surface profiler with a diamond stylus. Lateral resolution was not a problem with the low-scatter optical surfaces; the polished fused silica surface had about the same roughness on an atomic lateral resolution scale as it did on the macroscopic scale of the diamond stylus profiler. The ion-etched gratings had a period of 0.7 μ m and a groove depth of ~2500 Å. The groove shape and depth could not be measured with the diamond-stylus profiler because the grooves were only partially resolved with a "shovel-shaped" stylus having a short radius (~0.2 μ m). However, once the true shape was measured with the STM, the approximate profile that would be recorded by a diamond stylus profiler could be calculated. This calculation showed that it is not possible to guess the shape of the part of the groove that is not contacted by the diamond stylus by means of a mechanical-profiler measurement alone. Representative profiles taken with both types of instruments will be shown and compared.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Safety and Efficacy Study of Rifalazil Compared with Azithromycin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Women (2014)

ABSTRACT A randomized, double-blind study comparing single-dose chlamydia therapies of oral rifalazil (25 mg) and azithromycin (1 g) was conducted in 82 women with uncomplicated genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The microbiologic cure rate of C. trachomatis with rifalazil ( n = 33) was 84.8% at the visit on day 22 to 26 (test-of-cure visit), versus 92.1% with azithromycin ( n = 38), and the number of treatment failures in each group was 5 and 3, respectively. The difference in cure rate was −7.3%, with a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of −22.5, and thus, noninferiority was not established at the prespecified margin (lower limit of CI of −15%). The overall treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) and treatment-related TEAE rates were lower in the rifalazil group (68% and 55%) than in the azithromycin group (71% and 62%), respectively. Subjects classified as treatment failures at day 22 to 26 had a lower mean plasma concentration of rifalazil at the visit on day 8 to 12 than those classified as treatment cures, but this difference was not significant; however, the levels were similar for both groups at the visit on day 22 to 26. A single 25-mg dose of rifalazil was well tolerated and eradicated C. trachomatis in most of these women with uncomplicated genital C. trachomatis infection. (The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov under registration no. NCT01631201).
Ethylene-mediated cross-talk between calcium-dependent protein kinase and MAPK signaling controls stress responses in plants (2005)

Plants are constantly exposed to environmental changes and need to integrate multiple external stress cues. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are implicated as major primary Ca2+ sensors in plants. CDPK activation, like activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), is triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses, although distinct stimulus-specific stress responses are induced. To investigate whether CDPKs are part of an underlying mechanism to guarantee response specificity, we identified CDPK-controlled signaling pathways. A truncated form of Nicotiana tabacum CDPK2 lacking its regulatory autoinhibitor and calcium-binding domains was ectopically expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Infiltrated leaves responded to an abiotic stress stimulus with the activation of biotic stress reactions. These responses included synthesis of reactive oxygen species, defense gene induction, and SGT1-dependent cell death. Furthermore, N-terminal CDPK2 signaling triggered enhanced levels of the phytohormones jasmonic acid, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, and ethylene but not salicylic acid. These responses, commonly only observed after challenge with a strong biotic stimulus, were prevented when the CDPK's intrinsic autoinhibitory peptide was coexpressed. Remarkably, elevated CDPK signaling compromised stress-induced MAPK activation, and this inhibition required ethylene synthesis and perception. These data indicate that CDPK and MAPK pathways do not function independently and that a concerted activation of both pathways controls response specificity to biotic and abiotic stress.
Bending properties of anti-symmetric hybrid photonic crystal fibers (2011)

The bending properties of an anti-symmetric hybrid photonic crystal fiber have been numerically analyzed. The results show that the transmission band can be shifted or tailored by proper coiling.
Supplemental Figure S3 from A Novel Pharmacologic Activity of Ketorolac for Therapeutic Benefit in Ovarian Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S3. Racemic distribution of clinical drug.&lt;/p&gt;
Room-temperature intrinsic and extrinsic damping in polycrystalline Fe thin films (2022)

We examine room-temperature magnetic relaxation in polycrystalline Fe films. Out-of-plane ferromagnetic resonance measurements reveal Gilbert damping parameters of $\ensuremath{\approx}0.0024$ for Fe films with thicknesses of 4--25 nm, regardless of their microstructural properties. This observation runs counter to the intuition that various film defects heavily influence Gilbert damping. The remarkable invariance with film microstructure suggests that room-temperature intrinsic Gilbert damping in the Fe films is mostly fixed by the bcc crystal structure within the bulk of nanoscale grains, with limited impact from grain boundaries and film roughness. By contrast, the in-plane FMR linewidths of the Fe films exhibit distinct nonlinear frequency dependencies, indicating the presence of strong extrinsic damping. To fit our in-plane FMR data, we have used a grain-to-grain two-magnon scattering model with two types of correlation functions aimed at describing the spatial distribution of inhomogeneities in the film. However, neither of the two correlation functions is able to reproduce the experimental data quantitatively with physically reasonable parameters. Our findings advance the fundamental understanding of intrinsic Gilbert damping in structurally disordered films, while demonstrating the need for a deeper examination of how microstructural disorder governs extrinsic damping.
Measurements of energy behaviours of spin-dependent $np-$ observables over 1.2 -3.7 GeV region (2005)

New accurate results of the neutron-proton spin-dependent total cross section difference - $\\Delta_{\\sigma_L}$ (np) at the neutron beam kinetic energies 1.4, 1.7, 1.9 and 2.0 GeV are presented. A fast decrease of - $\\Delta_{\\sigma_L}$ (np) with energy increase above 1.1 GeV and a structure in the energy dependence around 1.8 GeV, first observed from our previous data, seem to be well pronounced. The - $\\Delta_{\\sigma_L}$ quantities for isosinglet state I= 0, deduced from the measured $\\Delta_{\\sigma_L}$ (np) values and known - $\\Delta_{\\sigma_L}$ (pp)data, are also given. Preparation of the spin-correlation parameters $A_{ookk}$ (np) and $A_{oonn}$ (np) measurements is in progress. Measurements were carried out at the Synchropha-sotron and Nuclotron of the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The aims of these studies is to determine for the first time the imaginary and real parts of the np spin- dependent forward scattering amplitudes over energy range of these Dubna accelerators.
Sevoflurane Selectively Increases Coronary Collateral Blood Flow Independent of KATPChannels In Vivo (1999)

The results demonstrate that sevoflurane selectively increases large and small coronary collateral blood flow via mechanism(s) independent of KATP channel activation.
Cross-link optimized cascaded volume hologram array with energy-equalized one-to-many surface-normal fan-outs (1997)

Achieving a uniform fan-out energy distribution is critical to the successful applications of substrate guided-wave optical interconnects. Using Dupont photopolymer film HRF-600X00120, we investigated the optimum recording beam intensity for obtaining a large dynamic region of diffraction efficiency relative to exposure dosage. Based on the experimental diffraction efficiency curve, 1-to-5 and 1-to-9 surface-normal fan-out devices were fabricated that operated at a wavelength of 850nm, and output nonuniformities of +/-4 % and +/-10 % were obtained for the two devices.
Left-Right Skip-DenseNets for Coarse-to-Fine Object Categorization. (2017)

Inspired by the recent neuroscience studies on the left-right asymmetry of the brains in the low and high spatial frequency processing, we introduce a novel type of network -- the left-right skip-densenets for coarse-to-fine object categorization. This network can enable both coarse and fine-grained classification in a single framework. We also for the first time propose the layer-skipping mechanism which learns a gating network to predict whether skip some layers in the testing stage. This layer-skipping mechanism assigns more flexibility and capability to our network for the categorization tasks. Our network is evaluated on three widely used datasets; the results show that our network is more promising in solving the coarse-to-fine object categorization than the competitors.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 53 CASES OF NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (2012)

Objectives To explore the clinical features of non-ST-segment elevated acute myocardial infarction. Methods The differences between non-ST-segment elevation group (group A) and ST-segment elevation group (group B) were compared, such as risk factors of coronary heart disease, clinical presentation and prognosis (angina pectoris during peri-infarction period, infarct extension or reinfarction, cardiac pump failure, incidence of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias, and hospital mortality within 4 week), peak serum myocardial enzymes and the results of coronary angiography. Results No significant differences were found in risk factors of coronary heart disease, infarct extension or rein fraction (p&gt;0.05). The incidence of angina pectoris during peri-infarction period in group A was higher than that in group B, but cardiac pump failure, incidence of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias, and hospital mortality within 4 week were lower than that in group B (p&lt;0.05). Serum myocardial enzymes reached the peak after (14.2±2.6) h in group A and (23.6±15.6) h in group B (p&lt;0.05). Significant differences were found in incidence of multi-vessel lesions (81.1% vs 38.2%, p&lt;0.05) and single-vessel lesion (18.9% vs 61.8%, p&lt;0.05) by Coronary angiography between group A and group B. Conclusions Clinical symptoms are often mild and hospital complication rate is often lower in patients with non-ST-segment elevated acute myocardial infarction. But because of its more multi-vessel lesions and severe underlying diseases, so its long-term prognosis is poor. Intravenous or intracoronary thrombolysis is often not beneficial. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting is the best choice to improve the long-term prognosis.
Comparison of different interconnect technologies for high frequency applications (2003)

The technological capabilities of the existing interconnection technologies used at Bell-Alcatel are being analyzed with respect to the impact of the increasing bit rates for digital switching systems. A program was set up with IMEC (Interuniversity Microelectronic Center) to measure both the electrical performance and process capabilities of thick-film-interconnect, printed boards, and multiwire technology. The testing was done with bit rates up to 600 Mb/s. The work consisted of the following: simulation of the transmission behavior for different technologies; evaluation and determination of test vehicles for different technologies; actual manufacture of a number of interconnect test vehicles in different technologies, under controlled conditions; and measurement and comparison of the results with simulation up to a frequency of at least 10 GHz. Results are presented, and some conclusions are drawn. In particular, it is found that multiwire has intrinsically good features for high-speed interconnect and that multilayer technology is the compromise with the most stable characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Data and Methods from Fat Induces Glucose Metabolism in Nontransformed Liver Cells and Promotes Liver Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This document contains supplemental figures 1-7 and detailed supplemental methods&lt;/p&gt;
Hippo signaling disruption and Akt stimulation of ovarian follicles for infertility treatment (2013)

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and polycystic ovarian syndrome are ovarian diseases causing infertility. Although there is no effective treatment for POI, therapies for polycystic ovarian syndrome include ovarian wedge resection or laser drilling to induce follicle growth. Underlying mechanisms for these disruptive procedures are unclear. Here, we explored the role of the conserved Hippo signaling pathway that serves to maintain optimal size across organs and species. We found that fragmentation of murine ovaries promoted actin polymerization and disrupted ovarian Hippo signaling, leading to increased expression of downstream growth factors, promotion of follicle growth, and the generation of mature oocytes. In addition to elucidating mechanisms underlying follicle growth elicited by ovarian damage, we further demonstrated additive follicle growth when ovarian fragmentation was combined with Akt stimulator treatments. We then extended results to treatment of infertility in POI patients via disruption of Hippo signaling by fragmenting ovaries followed by Akt stimulator treatment and autografting. We successfully promoted follicle growth, retrieved mature oocytes, and performed in vitro fertilization. Following embryo transfer, a healthy baby was delivered. The ovarian fragmentation-in vitro activation approach is not only valuable for treating infertility of POI patients but could also be useful for middle-aged infertile women, cancer patients undergoing sterilizing treatments, and other conditions of diminished ovarian reserve.