gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rome was built in 1776: A Case Study on Factual Correctness in\n Knowledge-Grounded Response Generation (2021)

Recently neural response generation models have leveraged large pre-trained\ntransformer models and knowledge snippets to generate relevant and informative\nresponses. However, this does not guarantee that generated responses are\nfactually correct. In this paper, we examine factual correctness in\nknowledge-grounded neural response generation models. We present a human\nannotation setup to identify three different response types: responses that are\nfactually consistent with respect to the input knowledge, responses that\ncontain hallucinated knowledge, and non-verifiable chitchat style responses. We\nuse this setup to annotate responses generated using different stateof-the-art\nmodels, knowledge snippets, and decoding strategies. In addition, to facilitate\nthe development of a factual consistency detector, we automatically create a\nnew corpus called Conv-FEVER that is adapted from the Wizard of Wikipedia\ndataset and includes factually consistent and inconsistent responses. We\ndemonstrate the benefit of our Conv-FEVER dataset by showing that the models\ntrained on this data perform reasonably well to detect factually inconsistent\nresponses with respect to the provided knowledge through evaluation on our\nhuman annotated data. We will release the Conv-FEVER dataset and the human\nannotated responses.\n
Water deprivation increases the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) but not orexin‐A in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat (2005)

The discovery that the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) might be important in modulating drinking behavior and fluid balance has led to numerous studies aimed at identifying the key neurotransmitters/neuromodulators and pathways involved. While past studies have demonstrated the presence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) within the LHA, its role in the regulation of fluid homeostasis is not known. In light of this, and the mounting evidence suggesting a role for nitric oxide in osmotic regulation within the hypothalamus, this study sought to determine the effects of 24- and 72-hours of water deprivation on nNOS protein expression within the LHA of the rat with immunohistochemistry. In euhydrated control animals we observed nNOS-like immunoreactivity throughout all levels of the LHA. Following 24 hours of dehydration the number of nNOS-like immunopositive neurons was significantly increased in the rostral but not the caudal regions of LHA. Seventy-two hours of water deprivation lead to further increases in nNOS-like immunoreactivity at different levels of the LHA. Interestingly, however, we observed increased nNOS-like immunoreactivity in the caudal regions of the LHA that was not evident after 24 hours of water deprivation. Double-labeling immunofluorescence histochemistry revealed that the nNOS-like immunoreactive neurons were not colocalized with the orexin-A-containing neurons. These results suggest that an osmotic challenge leads to an upregulation of nNOS immunoreactivity within discrete areas of the LHA. This altered neurochemistry within the LHA further highlights the potential importance of nitric oxide and the LHA in central regulation of fluid homeostasis.
Current Contrast Media Delivery Strategies for Cardiac and Pulmonary Multidetector-row Computed Tomography Angiography (2010)

Recent advances in multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) have led to substantial improvements in coverage area, acquisition speed, and temporal/spatial resolution, which have strengthened the performance of thoracic and cardiac MDCT angiography but have also imposed new challenges for optimization of contrast medium enhancement and scan acquisition strategies. Understanding contrast media dynamics is fundamental for the design of scan acquisition and injection protocols. This article examines the fundamentals of the physiological and contrast delivery factors that determine the quality of contrast enhancement, emphasizing the modifications required in contrast delivery protocols for optimizing cardiothoracic MDCT angiography with modern-era MDCT scanners.
DepthLab: Real-time 3D Interaction with Depth Maps for Mobile Augmented Reality (2020)

Mobile devices with passive depth sensing capabilities are ubiquitous, and recently active depth sensors have become available on some tablets and AR/VR devices. Although real-time depth data is accessible, its rich value to mainstream AR applications has been sorely under-explored. Adoption of depth-based UX has been impeded by the complexity of performing even simple operations with raw depth data, such as detecting intersections or constructing meshes. In this paper, we introduce DepthLab, a software library that encapsulates a variety of depth-based UI/UX paradigms, including geometry-aware rendering (occlusion, shadows), surface interaction behaviors (physics-based collisions, avatar path planning), and visual effects (relighting, 3D-anchored focus and aperture effects). We break down the usage of depth into localized depth, surface depth, and dense depth, and describe our real-time algorithms for interaction and rendering tasks. We present the design process, system, and components of DepthLab to streamline and centralize the development of interactive depth features. We have open-sourced our software at https://github.com/googlesamples/arcore-depth-lab to external developers, conducted performance evaluation, and discussed how DepthLab can accelerate the workflow of mobile AR designers and developers. With DepthLab we aim to help mobile developers to effortlessly integrate depth into their AR experiences and amplify the expression of their creative vision.
Revealing a mode interplay that controls second harmonic radiation in gold nanoantennas (2018)

In this work, we investigate the generation of second harmonic light by gold nanorods and demonstrate that the collected nonlinear intensity depends upon a phase interplay between different modes available in the nanostructure. By recording the backward and forward emitted second harmonic signals from nanorods with various lengths, we find that the maximum nonlinear signal emitted in the forward and backward directions is not obtained for the same nanorod length. We confirm the experimental results with the help of full-wave computations done with a surface integral equation method. These observations are explained by the multipolar nature of the second harmonic emission, which emphasizes the role played by the relative phase between the second harmonic modes. Our findings are of a particular importance for the design of plasmonic nanostructures with controllable nonlinear emission and nonlinear plasmonic sensors as well as for the coherent control of harmonic generations in plasmonic nanostructures.
A Fast and Efficient Free-Space Dielectric Measurement Technique at mm-Wave Frequencies (2017)

A simple setup along with an efficient free-space technique is proposed in this work to characterize dielectric materials at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. The technique relies on measured scattering parameters without the need to perform complex free-space calibrations. Two simple adjustments are instead performed in the setup and in the calculations to de-embed both phase and magnitude effects of the free-space from the final results. Different materials having low and high permitivities are tested using this method. Comparisons between the measured results and measured data, available from other techniques, confirm the effectiveness of this approach in fast and simple evaluation of materials at mm-wave frequencies.
Autonomous Overhead Crane System Using a Fuzzy Logic Controller (2004)

This paper pertains to advanced automation of the load transfer process using overhead cranes. Overhead cranes are widely used in various areas of industry, including manufacturing, construction, shipping, etc. Load transfer operations using overhead cranes have to be performed fast and safely. As such, these operations are handled by expert operators however, the demand for an automatic consistent and reliable crane operation is on the rise. The crane–load system is highly nonlinear and time-varying, hence, solutions considering model-base approaches may lead to a complicated controller structure. Such a controller may require accurate estimation of the crane system parameters. In this paper we present a new fuzzy logic controller for overhead crane operation. The fuzzy controller is designed based on knowledge of an expert crane operator, and does not require any parameter estimation. It mimics the operator behavior by using the same crane–load system states that are realized by the operator. These states are the trolley position error and the load sway angle. The fuzzy controller action, on the other hand, is the desired trolley speed. The proposed controller is implemented and tested on a small-scale overhead crane. Experimental results show robust operation of the fuzzy controller as compared with that of a conventional controller.
Formation Testing While Drilling, a New Era in Formation Testing (2003)

Abstract This paper introduces a new technology in which a logging while drilling (LWD) tool is used to pressure test a formation during the drilling process. The Formation Testing While Drilling (FTWD) or GeoTAP* tool described in this paper uses a testing technique similar to wireline formation testers. A probe is extended to the formation and a small sample chamber is used to pressure test the formation. The drilling environment offers many new challenges to pressure testing, however. Wireline tools require a great deal of interaction with the engineer, which is very limited in the drilling environment. Therefore, the new tool has up-link and down-link capabilities and is highly automated for test control. New data compression routines are described that enable not only some of the raw data to be transmitted, but formation permeability (mobility) and test quality estimates to be obtained in realtime. An efficient algorithm is used down-hole to analyze the data where testing parameters and selected pressure data are transmitted to the surface in real-time for continuous monitoring of the test. The drilling environment is more dynamic than is the case for wireline testers. This environment is modeled using a finite element simulator to show the effects these dynamics might have on pressure measurements. The results show that even in this highly dynamic state it is possible to obtain reliable pressure measurements. Field data from the new GeoTAP tool is presented and compared with wireline formation test (WFT) data in test wells. The new tool requires the drill pipe to stop rotating/sliding for about 7 minutes per pressure test. During this time the pumps can be turned on or off. Most of the test very favorably with WFT data in terms of the absolute pressure measurement, repeatability and accuracy. The field example demonstrates the robustness of the measurement with three repeat pressure tests that were taken at three different depth points where, in each case, the pressures recorded were within 1 psi. Final conclusions are drawn regarding FTWD technology and its future direction.
MMSE detection of multicarrier CDMA (2000)

Minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) detection of multicarrier code-division multiple-access (CDMA) signals is investigated. The theoretical performance of two different design strategies for MMSE detection are compared. In one case, the MMSE filters are designed separately for each carrier, while in the other case the optimization of the filters is done jointly. Naturally, the joint optimization produces a better receiver, but the difference in performance is shown to be substantial. The multicarrier CDMA performance is then compared to that of a single-carrier CDMA system on a frequency-selective fading channel. A mechanism is then developed to track the channel fading parameters for all the users' signals so that joint optimization of the receiver filters is possible in a time-varying channel. Simulation results show that the performance of this receiver is close to ideal theoretical results for moderate vehicle speeds. The performance begins to degrade when the normalized Doppler rate is higher than about 1%.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Hydroxy Derivatives: Key Organocatalysts for the Selective Free Radical Aerobic Oxidation of Organic Compounds (2011)

Abstract Review: 69 refs.
Tracheal Extubation of the Neonate at 2 to 3 cm H2O Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (1977)

To investigate the efficacy of extubation at higher levels of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 49 newborns (0.95 to 4.0 kg) were extubated at 2 to 3 cm H2O following 1 to 47 days of CPAP therapy. Pre- and postextubation measurements of Po2, PCO2, pH, FiO2, and CPAP were made in all infants. No significant differences (P less than.05) were found between pre- and post-extubation arterial blood gas values for all patients. Comparison of pre- and post-extubation blood gas data with respect to birthweight (less than 2.0 kg vs greater than 2.0 kg) and intubation time (less than 8 days vs. greater than 8 days) also indicated no statistical differences. Mean alveolar-arterial oxygen differences and FiO2 for 41 infants showed progressive decreases following extubation. Six of the 49 infants required reintubation within 72 hours following extubation. The results of this study indicate that newborns with respiratory disease requiring CPAP may be extubated at 2 to 3 cm H2O with no significant changes in arterial blood gas values, thus preventing prolonged intubation associated with weaning to 0 cm H2O CPAP.
SF6 as a Selective and Reactive Fluorinating Agent for Low-Valent Transition Metal Complexes (2007)

SF6 has been found to react readily with vanadocene, yielding V(C5H5)2F, while reactions with decamethylchromocene can lead to a number of products, depending on conditions. Among the products can be included Cr(C5Me5)F2(dmap) (dmap = p-dimethylaminopyridine), Cr(C5Me5)2+[Cr2(C5Me5)2F5]-, and Cr8(C5Me5)6F18. Each of these reactions is likely to occur via the equivalent of an inner-sphere electron-transfer process. An even more rapid reaction was observed with the 19-electron Fe(C5H5)[1,3,5-C6H3(t-C4H9)3] complex, leading to various salts of the expected 18-electron cation. In these cases, the reactions are likely to be analogous to an outer-sphere electron transfer, presumably leading initially to a "naked" fluoride ion. Structural characterization of each of these species has been obtained through X-ray diffraction studies.
A multiplexed confocal FLIM microscope with 4-taps time-gated imager (2020)

Combined with confocal imaging, Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) can achieve 3-dimensional optical sectional capability with sub-nanosecond lifetime information. As confocal FLIM acquires multi-dimensional data 4D (3D space + time), it is inherently slow. Recent developments in lock-in pixel imagers with time gated pixels show such detectors are capable of collecting as many as 8-time gates in a single pixel cycle. We present a multiplexed confocal FLIM microscope, equipped with a 4-taps time-gated lock-in pixel imager. The multiplexing setup allows the use of the sparse array with sub-nanosecond time-gating to achieve high throughput FLIM acquisition.
Microbial repellence properties of engineered spider silk coatings prevent biofilm formation of opportunistic bacterial strains (2021)

Abstract Bacterial infections are well recognised to be one of the most important current public health problems. Inhibiting adhesion of microbes on biomaterials is one approach for preventing inflammation. Coatings made of recombinant spider silk proteins based on the consensus sequence of Araneus diadematus dragline silk fibroin 4 have previously shown microbe-repellent properties. Concerning silicone implants, it has been further shown that spider silk coatings are effective in lowering the risk of capsular fibrosis. Here, microbial repellence tests using four opportunistic infection-related strains revealed additional insights into the microbe-repellent properties of spider silk-coated implants, exemplarily shown for silicone surfaces. Graphic Abstract
Prefrontal activity during response inhibition decreases over time in the postpartum period (2012)

The postpartum period is characterized by complex hormonal changes, but human imaging studies in the postpartum period have thus far predominantly focused on the neural correlates of maternal behavior or postpartum depression, whereas longitudinal studies on neural correlates of cognitive function across the postpartum period in healthy women are lacking. The aim of this study was to longitudinally examine response inhibition, as a measure of executive function, during the postpartum period and its neural correlates in healthy postpartum women and non-postpartum controls. Thirteen healthy postpartum women underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a Go/NoGo task. The first assessment was made within 48 h of delivery, and the second at 4-7 weeks postpartum. In addition, 13 healthy women examined twice during the menstrual cycle were included as non-postpartum controls. In postpartum women region of interest analyses revealed task-related decreased activations in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate, and bilateral precentral gyri at the late postpartum assessment. Generally, postpartum women displayed lower activity during response inhibition in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri and precentral gyri compared to non-postpartum controls. No differences in performance on the Go/NoGo task were found between time-points or between groups. In conclusion, this study has discovered that brain activity in prefrontal areas during a response inhibition task decreases throughout the course of the first postpartum weeks and is lower than in non-postpartum controls. Further studies on the normal adaptive brain activity changes that occur during the postpartum period are warranted.
Contour Crafting Process Plan Optimization Part II: Multi–Machine Cases (2010)

Contour Crafting is an emerging technology that uses robotics to construct free form building structures by repeatedly laying down layers of material such as concrete. The Contour Crafting technology scales up automated additive fabrication from building small industrial parts to constructing buildings. Tool path planning and optimization for Contour Crafting benefit the technology by increasing the efficiency of construction especially for complicated structures. The research reported here has aimed at providing a systematic solution for improving the overall system efficiency and realizing the Contour Crafting technology for building customdesigned houses. In the Part I of this paper an approach is presented to find the optimal tool path for the single nozzle Contour Crafting system incorporating the physical constraints of the technology and construction considerations. In Part II several algorithms are presented for finding the collision-free tool path for multiple machine configurations based on the single nozzle approach. The multiple machine configurations of Contour Crafting are ideal for rapidly constructing multiple adjacent structures or a large single structure because all machine modules can work in parallel to concurrently fabricate various structural parts.
Reducing weight precision of convolutional neural networks towards large-scale on-chip image recognition (2015)

In this paper, we develop a server-client quantization scheme to reduce bit resolution of deep learning architecture, i.e., Convolutional Neural Networks, for image recognition tasks. Low bit resolution is an important factor in bringing the deep learning neural network into hardware implementation, which directly determines the cost and power consumption. We aim to reduce the bit resolution of the network without sacrificing its performance. To this end, we design a new quantization algorithm called supervised iterative quantization to reduce the bit resolution of learned network weights. In the training stage, the supervised iterative quantization is conducted via two steps on server – apply k-means based adaptive quantization on learned network weights and retrain the network based on quantized weights. These two steps are alternated until the convergence criterion is met. In this testing stage, the network configuration and low-bit weights are loaded to the client hardware device to recognize coming input in real time, where optimized but expensive quantization becomes infeasible. Considering this, we adopt a uniform quantization for the inputs and internal network responses (called feature maps) to maintain low on-chip expenses. The Convolutional Neural Network with reduced weight and input/response precision is demonstrated in recognizing two types of images: one is hand-written digit images and the other is real-life images in office scenarios. Both results show that the new network is able to achieve the performance of the neural network with full bit resolution, even though in the new network the bit resolution of both weight and input are significantly reduced, e.g., from 64 bits to 4-5 bits.
Guidelines for Sexual Health Care for Prostate Cancer Patients: Recommendations of an International Panel (2022)

The guidelines document the distressing sexual sequelae of PCT, provide evidence-based recommendations for sexual rehabilitation and outline areas for future research. Wittmann D, Mehta A, McCaughan E, et al. Guidelines for Sexual Health Care for Prostate Cancer Patients: Recommendations of an International Panel. J Sex Med 2022;19:1655-1669.
Host-diet-gut microbiome interactions influence human energy balance: a randomized clinical trial (2023)

The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of human energy balance. Prior studies in humans lacked the environmental and dietary controls and precision required to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of the gut microbiome. Using a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) designed to deliver more dietary substrates to the colon and therefore modulate the gut microbiome, we quantified microbial and host contributions to human energy balance in a controlled feeding study with a randomized crossover design in young, healthy, weight stable males and females (NCT02939703). In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal and urinary). The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions [Control, Western Diet (WD) vs. MBD]. The secondary endpoints were enteroendocrine hormones, hunger/satiety, and food intake. Here we show that, compared to the WD, the MBD leads to an additional 116 ± 56 kcals (P < 0.0001) lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host (89.5 ± 0.73%; range 84.2-96.1% on the MBD vs. 95.4 ± 0.21%; range 94.1-97.0% on the WD; P < 0.0001) without changes in energy expenditure, hunger/satiety or food intake (P > 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene copy number (a surrogate of biomass) increases (P < 0.0001), beta-diversity changes (whole genome shotgun sequencing; P = 0.02), and fermentation products increase (P < 0.01) on an MBD as compared to a WD along with significant changes in the host enteroendocrine system (P < 0.0001). The substantial interindividual variability in metabolizable energy on the MBD is explained in part by fecal SCFAs and biomass. Our results reveal the complex host-diet-microbiome interplay that modulates energy balance.