gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermittent KHz-frequency electrical stimulation selectively engages small unmyelinated vagal afferents (2021)

Abstract Afferent and efferent vagal fibers mediate bidirectional communication between the brain and visceral organs. Small, unmyelinated C-afferents constitute the majority of vagal fibers, play critical roles in numerous interoceptive circuits and autonomic reflexes in health and disease and may contribute to the efficacy and safety of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Selective engagement of C-afferents with electrical stimuli has not been feasible, due to the default fiber recruitment order: larger fibers first, smaller fibers last. Here, we determine and optimize an electrical stimulus that selectively engages vagal C-afferents. Intermittent KHz-frequency electrical stimulation (KES) activates motor and, preferentially, sensory vagal neurons in the brainstem. During KES, asynchronous activity of C-afferents increases, while that of larger fibers remains largely unchanged. In parallel, KES effectively blocks excitability of larger fibers while moderately suppressing excitability of C-afferents. By compiling selectivity indices in individual animals, we find that optimal KES parameters for C-afferents are &gt;5KHz frequency and 7-10 times engagement threshold (×T) intensity in rats, 15-25×T in mice. These effects can be explained in computational models by how sodium channel responses to KES are shaped by axonal size and myelin. Our results indicate that selective engagement of vagal C-afferents is attainable by intermittent KES.
Itinerant ferromagnetism in the layered crystalsLaCoOX(X=P,As) (2008)

The electronic and magnetic properties of cobalt-based layered oxypnictides, $\text{LaCoO}X(X=\text{P},\text{As})$, are investigated. LaCoOP and LaCoOAs show metallic type conduction with room-temperature resistivities of $\ensuremath{\sim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\text{ }\ensuremath{\Omega}\text{ }\text{cm}$, and the Fermi edge is observed by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ferromagnetic transitions occur at 43 K for LaCoOP and 66 K for LaCoOAs with spontaneous magnetic moments of $0.33{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ and $0.39{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ extrapolated to 0 K, respectively. Above the transition temperatures, the magnetic susceptibility exhibits a large temperature dependence. Provided that this temperature dependence follows the Curie-Weiss law, enhanced magnetic-moment values of $\ensuremath{\sim}2.9{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ for LaCoOP and $\ensuremath{\sim}1.3{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ for LaCoOAs are obtained. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is observed at the Co ${L}_{2,3}$ edge, but not at the other edges. The calculated electronic structure shows a spin-polarized ground state with a magnetic moment of $0.52{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$, $\ensuremath{\sim}95%$ of which is localized on the Co ions. These results indicate that $\text{LaCoO}X$ are itinerant ferromagnets and suggest that their magnetic properties are governed by spin fluctuation.
Vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (2002)

The structure of our vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier (VCSOA) is shown. The device was optically pumped through the substrate and bottom mirror using a 980 nm pump laser diode, and was operated in reflection mode. Two high reflectivity GaAs-AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors were wafer bonded to an InP-InGaAsP multiple quantum well (MQW) active region consisting of three sets of seven InAsP QWs.
Depletion of High-Abundant Proteins in Body Fluids Prior to Liquid Chromatography Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Today, proteomics is an exciting approach to discover potential biomarkers of different disorders. One challenge with proteomics experiments is the wide concentration range of proteins in various tissues and body fluids. The most abundant component in human body fluids, human serum albumin (HSA), is present at concentrations corresponding to approximately 50% of the total protein content in, e.g., plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If this component could be selectively removed, then the chances of observing lower-abundance component of clinical interest would be greatly improved. There are today several approaches of varying specificity available for depletion. In this study, the properties of two commercially available kits, for the removal of HSA and HSA and immunoglobulin G (IgG), respectively, were compared, and the benefits of using depletion steps prior to on-line LC−FTICR MS were evaluated. Both methods were applied on plasma and CSF. To our knowledge, these are the first results reported for CSF. Also, the combination with electrospray LC−FTICR MS is novel. The proportion of depleted HSA and IgG was estimated using global labeling markers for peptide quantification. Both depletion-methods provided a significant reduction of HSA, and the identification of lower abundant components was clearly facilitated. A higher proportion of HSA was removed using the affinity-based removal kit, and consequently more proteins could be identified using this approach. Keywords: FTICR MS • LC • HSA • plasma • CSF • protein • QUEST-markers
Study of OBM Invasion on NMR Logging - Mechanisms and Applications (2018)

Abstract Due to the shallow depth of investigation of logging tools such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), the signal interpretation of the flushed zone must be performed carefully. Understanding invasion effects on the logs is an important prerequisite for any petrophysical evaluation. While it is relatively easier to evaluate and correct for the effect of filtrate invasion in basic logs, such as triple combo, special care must be taken for advanced logging techniques such as NMR. For example, it is generally assumed that the volume of remaining wetting fluid in the flushed zone equals to the volume of micropores that do not contribute to flow when the well is produced. The amount of these immobile fluids is estimated using the NMR bound fluid log, a key input for the prediction of rock quality and well performance, especially in complex clastic and carbonate pore systems. In certain formations, NMR bound fluid logs exhibit some differences between adjacent wells drilled with oil-based (OBM) and water-based muds (WBM). This paper summarizes the lessons learnt from a laboratory NMR study of oil-based mud filtrate (OBMF) invasion as a function of rock mineralogy and microstructure, mud chemistry and displacement/flow pressure. In this work, we studied the effect of a commercial surfactant usually added in OBM formulations. We investigated the effect of different surfactant concentrations on the fluid-fluid interfacial tension (IFT) properties and on the fluid-solid interaction properties, using contact angle measurements on both sandstone and carbonate model surfaces. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of the additive on the capillary pressure properties and remaining water saturations on sandstone and carbonate rocks. To maximize the generality of the results we used two very different driving mechanisms for the fluid displacement: centrifuge and flow-through. The data showed that carbonate and clastic rocks behaved differently over a wide range of flow mechanisms and water saturations, proving that mineralogy plays a crucial role in the fluid displacement. Under the measurement uncertainties, the irreducible water saturation, however, remained constant regardless of the OBMF composition or driving mechanism. We showed how sandstone and carbonate rocks behave in respect to wettability alteration due to a surfactant used in OBM formulations. The systematic difference, whatever the driving mechanism is, strongly suggests that the differences in NMR responses between sandstone and carbonate originate from chemical composition and surface properties rather than microstructural differences between sandstone and carbonate rocks.
Rapid chemical protein synthesis-meeting the future demands of biotechnology (2001)

The human genome project has provided scientists with a vast multitude of peptide sequences to investigate. The challenge in the post genomic era is to develop methods to synthesise these peptides rapidly and inexpensively.
AToMiC: An Image/Text Retrieval Test Collection to Support Multimedia Content Creation (2023)

This paper presents the AToMiC (Authoring Tools for Multi media Content) dataset, designed to advance research in image/text cross-modal retrieval. While vision--language pretrained transformers have led to significant improvements in retrieval effectiveness, existing research has relied on image-caption datasets that feature only simplistic image--text relationships and underspecified user models of retrieval tasks. To address the gap between these oversimplified settings and real-world applications for multimedia content creation, we introduce a new approach for building retrieval test collections. We leverage hierarchical structures and diverse domains of texts, styles, and types of images, as well as large-scale image--document associations embedded in Wikipedia. We formulate two tasks based on a realistic user model and validate our dataset through retrieval experiments using baseline models. AToMiC offers a testbed for scalable, diverse, and reproducible multimedia retrieval research. Finally, our dataset provides the basis for a dedicated track at the 2023 Text Retrieval Conference (TREC), and is publicly available at https://github.com/TREC-AToMiC/AToMiC.
Short-radius thrie beam treatment for intersecting streets and drives (1994)

At sites where a driveway or secondary roadway intersects a primary roadway in close proximity to a bridge end, the available space will not accommodate a standard length of approach guardrail, and alternate treatments are required. In Study 1263, a short-radius nested W-beam treatment was developed for use at these locations. Although the design offered improved impact performance over existing systems, it failed to pass one of the design test conditions. This study was undertaken to develop and test a new short-radius thrie-beam guardrail treatment suitable for use by TxDOT that meets nationally recognized safety standards. The new treatment consists of a single 10-ga thrie-beam rail mounted at a height of 787 mm (31 in.) and supported on weakened, round wood posts. The system extends approximately 9.75 m (32 ft) from the bridge end along the primary roadway at which point it is curved in a 4.87-m (16-ft) radius and extended down the secondary roadway. A series of five crash tests was used to evaluate the impact performance of this short-radius thrie-beam system. Although it failed to contain a 3/4-ton pickup truck as required by NCHRP Report 350, subsequent testing showed that it successfully meets the guidelines and evaluation criteria set forth in NCHRP Report 230, and is suitable for implementation where site conditions warrant such a treatment. In addition to offering significantly improved impact performance over existing designs, the thrie-beam design should be much easier to install and maintain than the interim nested W-beam design developed under Study 1263.
Enhancing processing time for graph-based SLAM applications (2014)

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is the process that allows for a robot moving in unknown environment to build the map of the environment while simultaneously use this map to localize itself. Many approaches exist to solve this problem. Graph-based SLAM methods formulate the SLAM problem as a graph where the nodes represent robot and landmarks positions, and edges represent spatial constraints between nodes. In this paper, we present an optimized implementation of the incremental graph-based SLAM discussing the provided improvements. This implementation takes advantage of an optimized data structure and memory access to solve the nonlinear least squares problem related to the algorithm. To evaluate our implementation, we will evaluate the processing time of the implemented algorithm compared to those of the well known framework g2o.
The mix estimation algorithm for battery State-of-Charge estimator- Analysis of the sensitivity to measurement errors. (2009)

The problem considered in this paper is the analysis of a battery State-of-Charge estimation algorithm: in particular the mix estimation algorithm. This algorithm provides the estimation mixing two estimation approaches: namely the Coulomb-Counting and the Model-Based. The mix algorithm is qualitatively able to provide a more robust and accurate estimation with respect to the estimation provided by the approaches the algorithm mixes together. The aim of this paper is to analyze the differences between the three algorithms and the advantages produced by the mixing procedure. In particular the paper presents the comparison of the mix algorithm behavior with the Coulomb-Counting and the Model-Based behaviors in case of measure errors.
Risk prediction of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of antiviral therapy (2013)

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem in Asian-Pacific regions. Antiviral therapy reduces, but does not eliminate the risk of HCC. It would be a heavy financial burden in most low and middle economic countries if all CHB patients received antiviral therapy and HCC surveillance. Thus, there is a need for accurate risk prediction to assist prognostication, decisions on the need for antiviral therapy and HCC surveillance. A few well-established risk factors for HCC, namely advanced age, male gender, high viral load, cirrhosis etc., are the core components of three HCC risk scores: CU-HCC, GAG-HCC and REACH-B scores. These 3 scores were confirmed to be accurate in predicting HCC up to 10 years in treatment-naïve patients. Their validity and applicability have recently been demonstrated in a large cohort of entecavir treatment patients. A decrease in risk scores after antiviral therapy translates to a lower risk of HCC. These findings support the application of HCC risk scores in all CHB patients. Different levels of care and different intensities of HCC surveillance should be offered according to the risk profile of patients. Patients at risk of HCC should undergo regular HCC surveillance, even when they are receiving antiviral treatment.
Spectroscopy and Lasing of Cryogenically Cooled Yb,Na:CaF2 (2008)

Absorption, photoluminescence spectra and CW lasing parameters of an Yb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> - and Na <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -codoped CaF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> laser crystal are measured in the temperature range from 5 K to 290 K. The crystal appears to be a promising host for broadband multi-mJ kHz CW-pumped regenerative amplification.
Recovery and nutrition (2022)

Recovery modalities and strategies are put in place to aid in the physical preparation of soccer players. Many options are available to implement in a team setting, including cold water immersion, active movement, and massage. This chapter will address what protocols and strategies have shown to be valid and practical in elite soccer environments. Furthermore, this chapter will examine the valid and reliable recovery strategies and discuss how they apply in a practical setting at the elite level. Nutrition is often categorized as part of the recovery process. Therefore, refueling strategies will be thoroughly reviewed and discussed in this chapter, on a practical level.
Hydrolysis of Milk Fat By Lipase in Solvent‐free Phospholipid Reverse Micellar Media (1996)

ABSTRACT Butterfat was hydrolyzed with lipases contained in lecithin reverse micelles. The influence of pH, temperature, molar ratio of surfactant to water (R) and surfactant concentration on the hydrolytic reaction indicated linear, quadratic, and interactive effects for reaction systems mediated by R. javanicus and C. rugosa lipases. The initial reaction rate was dependent on reaction parameters; however, the degree of hydrolysis was independent of pH. Both enzymes exhibited high thermal stability. The content and composition of milk fat hydrolysates prepared by R. javanicus lipase were most influenced by reaction temperature and R. The optimum conditions for production of free fatty acids, monoacyl‐glycerols, diacylglycerols and specific regio‐isomers were defined.
Dispersion-stabilized highly-nonlinear fiber for wideband parametric mixer synthesis (2012)

Conventional highly-nonlinear fiber (HNLF) designs are optimized for high field-confinement but are also inherently susceptible to dispersion fluctuations. The design compromise prevents fiber-optical parametric mixers from possessing high power efficiency and extended operating bandwidth simultaneously. Using a new fiber waveguide design, we have fabricated and tested a new class of HNLF that possesses a significantly lower level of dispersion fluctuations while maintaining a high level of field-confinement comparable to that in conventional HNLFs. The fiber was used to demonstrate an all-fiber parametric oscillator operating in short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) band with a watt-level pump, for the first time.
Adrenomedullin Expression in Human Tumor Cell Lines ITS POTENTIAL ROLE AS AN AUTOCRINE GROWTH FACTOR (1996)

Although adrenomedullin (AM) previously has been identified in human tumors, its role has remained elusive. Analysis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed AM mRNA in 18 of 20 human normal tissues representing major organs, and 55 of 58 (95%) malignant cell lines. Western blot and high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed immunoreactive AM species of 18, 14, and 6 kDa that are consistent with the precursor, intermediate product, and active peptide, respectively. Immunohistochemistry and in situ RT-PCR performed on paraffin-embedded tumor cell lines of various tissue origins exhibited AM cytoplasmic staining. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody to AM inhibits tumor cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that was reversed with the addition of exogenous AM. Responding tumor cells were shown to have approximately 50,000 AM receptors per cell by Scatchard analysis with 125I-AM and expressed AM receptor mRNA by RT-PCR. Our data showed 36 of 48 (75%) tumor cell lines expressed AM receptor mRNA by RT-PCR assessment, all of them also expressed AM. In the presence of AM, cAMP levels were shown to increase in tumor cells. Our collective data demonstrate that AM and AM receptor are expressed in numerous human cancer cell lines of diverse origin and constitute a potential autocrine growth mechanism that could drive neoplastic proliferation.
High-Performance and High-CRI OLEDs for Lighting and Their Fabrication Processes (2010)

The improvement of the basic performance makes white OLEDs the promising candidate of the next generation, environmental friendly lighting source. However, for the practical application, additional properties of higher color rendering index (CRI), long lifetime at high luminance, large area uniform light emission, and high reliability for long time operation are required. Furthermore, innovative fabrication processes specialized for OLED lighting are required to reduce the cost by improving the material utilization and productivity. We developed various technologies for OLED lighting in the Japanese governmental project “High-efficiency lighting based on the organic light-emitting mechanism” from 2007. In this project, high CRI, highly efficient and long lifetime white OLEDs were realized by optically designed two-unit structure with a fluorescent deep blue emissive unit and a green / red phosphorescent unit. A reliable encapsulation structure with high heat radiation and moisture-proof characteristics realized a stable emission at high luminance as well as long storage stability. Additionally, thermal diffusivities of organic thin films with sub-hundred nanometer thicknesses were analyzed by a “rear heating/front detection type” nanosecond thermo-reflectance method. High speed wet coating process and vacuum deposition process for very thin layers were developed to improve the accuracy, material utilization and productivity.
OLEDs in Lighting: Technical Challenges and Opportunities (2015)

A potential limitation to using OLEDs for lighting is their low intensity emission per area, leading to high cost. We examine the fundamental limits to OLED brightness. Limitations to be considered include: thermal effects, triplet and singlet annihilation, exciton-polariton annihilation and injection and outcoupling. We consider the differences between single element and stacked devices in overcoming these fundamental problems. We also discuss the possibility for the use of organics in lasing applications, following recent advances in exciton management.
Supplementary Figure 9 from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus (2023)

Supplementary Figure 9 from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus
Single-chip DMD-based hybrid holographic beam steering for lidar (2021)

A holographic lidar concept established on the Digital Micromirror Mirror (DMD)-based hybrid light modulation is reported, which multiplexes coarse-steering by sawtooth phase modulation and fine-steering by binary amplitude modulation. The hybrid steering is achieved by overlaying displayed Computer-Generated Holograms (CGHs) with a sawtooth blazed grating phase mask, which the blaze angle programmed by synchronized short-pulse illumination of transitioning micromirrors creating the CGHs. The steering principle is demonstrated as a 2D beam steering scheme with a 532 nm visible pulse laser, and implemented into a 905 nm lidar system with a 44° field-of-view, 0.9°×0.4° angular resolution, 7.8 FPS video frame rate, and 1 m detection distance.
Hypothesis testing in high-dimensional space with the Sparse Matrix Transform (2010)

This paper discusses the use of the Sparse Matrix Transform (SMT) to model the covariance structure of high-dimensional data in the likelihood ratio test used for hypothesis testing. The SMT has been shown to produce more accurate estimates of covariance matrices when the number of training samples n is much less than the number of dimensions p of the data. Several experiments with face recognition and hyperspectral images show that SMT-based hypothesis testing can be superior to other methods in at least two general aspects: First, the SMT-based method is more robust to the size of the training set, remaining accurate even when only a few training samples are available; Second, the total computation required to apply the method is very low, making it attractive for use in low-power devices, or in applications requiring fast computation.
Application of CMOS Image Sensor for Digital Photogrammetry. (1998)

The change in photogrammetry from analog to digital means a change from film to CCD sensor and real-time imaging became possible. In these circumstances, digital photogrammetry is expected to become a useful tool in various fields, e. g. industry metrology, machine and robot vision, medical and sports science, archaeology, construction management and so on.However, CMOS image sensor has recently received more attention from the points of view of cheap cost and low power consumption.This paper investigate on the application of CMOS image sensor for digital photogrammetry.
Metallophthalocyanine Based Low-Dimensional Polymers and Related Molecular Compounds. Charge Transport and Electronic Structure Studies of A Metal-Free “Molecular Metal” (1985)

Abstract Single crystals of H2(Pc)I behave as a “molecular metal” with σRT ≈ 700 Ω−1cm−1 (σ‖/σ⊥ ≈ 500) and σmax ≈ 4000 Ω−1cm−1. The static magnetic susceptibility is Paulilike, and a Drude analysis of the optical reflectivity yields a tight-binding bandwidth of 0.77(7) eV.