gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional graded high-K (Ba1−xSrx)TiO3 thin films for capacitor structures with low temperature coefficient (1999)

Abstract The high dielectric constant of perovskite-type alkaline earth titanates makes them attractive for use in integrated thin film capacitors for microwave circuits. The application temperatures of those devices such as resonators, filters and phase shifters range from cryogenic temperatures for superconducting devices up to 250°C for semiconducting ICs. Significant material modifications have to be introduced to bring the pure components such as BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 into formulations which have a suitable temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant. For conventional powder based industrial processes, usually solid solution adaptations and heterogeneous mixtures are employed. The deposition processes of thin films, especially the low cost Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) technique, offer the possibility to build thin films of graded compositions. We will show that in those films the composition gradient can be tailored in order to fit the designated temperature characteristics.
Sensitive and Specific Fluorescent Probes for Functional Analysis of the Three Major Types of Mammalian ABC Transporters (2011)

An underlying mechanism for multi drug resistance (MDR) is up-regulation of the transmembrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins. ABC transporters also determine the general fate and effect of pharmaceutical agents in the body. The three major types of ABC transporters are MDR1 (P-gp, P-glycoprotein, ABCB1), MRP1/2 (ABCC1/2) and BCRP/MXR (ABCG2) proteins. Flow cytometry (FCM) allows determination of the functional expression levels of ABC transporters in live cells, but most dyes used as indicators (rhodamine 123, DiOC(2)(3), calcein-AM) have limited applicability as they do not detect all three major types of ABC transporters. Dyes with broad coverage (such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin and mitoxantrone) lack sensitivity due to overall dimness and thus may yield a significant percentage of false negative results. We describe two novel fluorescent probes that are substrates for all three common types of ABC transporters and can serve as indicators of MDR in flow cytometry assays using live cells. The probes exhibit fast internalization, favorable uptake/efflux kinetics and high sensitivity of MDR detection, as established by multidrug resistance activity factor (MAF) values and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical analysis. Used in combination with general or specific inhibitors of ABC transporters, both dyes readily identify functional efflux and are capable of detecting small levels of efflux as well as defining the type of multidrug resistance. The assay can be applied to the screening of putative modulators of ABC transporters, facilitating rapid, reproducible, specific and relatively simple functional detection of ABC transporter activity, and ready implementation on widely available instruments.
Fluorescence-based radiomics analysis improves the identification of head and neck cancer in preclinical studies (2022)

Optimal differentiation between tumor and normal tissues using epidermal growth factor receptor targeted fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) of head and neck cancer (HNC) is complicated by the presence of target receptor in the normal surrounding tissues. We propose the use of radiomics feature analysis to increase the accuracy and efficiency of tumor tissue discrimination based on machine-learning algorithms. Radiomics analysis demonstrates that radiomics analysis reaches a higher identification performance than the traditional intensity threshold method in the preclinical mice. This study proposes that a radiomics approach for fluorescence imaging in preclinical studies is a more accurate tissue type identification method requiring less post-agent-administration waiting time than the traditional fluorescence intensity threshold method.
A 3.3-V 21-Gb/s PRBS generator in AlGaAs/GaAs HBT technology (2000)

We present a pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) generator that outputs a 2/sup 7/-1 bit pattern at rates up to 21 Gb/s. The circuit is implemented in a 40-GHz AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) standard production process, operates from a single 3.3-V power supply, and consumes 1.1 W of power. We discuss variations of PRBS architecture and digital circuit topologies which exploit unique characteristics of AlGaAs/GaAs HBT devices. The work demonstrates the feasibility of using AlGaAs/GaAs HBT technology with low-voltage/low-power design techniques in complex high-speed circuits.
Protective effects of monomeric and dimeric forms of the 2G12 neutralizing antibody against HIV-1 infection in a modified humanized mouse model (45.28) (2010)

Abstract Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies are rare and have proved hard to elicit with any immunogen. Designer antibodies, on the other hand, are unnatural and have to be introduced through the engineering immunity approach. Yet, it is important to evaluate both types of anti-HIV antibodies in vivo to identify potential HIV vaccine candidates. In this study, we have used a modified humanized mouse model to investigate the protective effects of 2G12 versus a mutant of the antibody that favors dimer formation. Our results showed that while 2G12 was able to prevent CD4 loss and decrease HIV viral load at concentrations higher than 70 μg/mL upon HIV infection, the dimer mutant showed a similar potency at concentrations between 10~15 μg/mL, possibly due to an increased avidity and/or stability of the dimer versus the monomer. We also found that an initial concentration of 2G12 dimer at around 40 μg/mL through one single injection was more effective than a sustained dimer concentration of 10 μg/mL to prevent CD4 loss and to delay the increase of viral load. HIV escape mutants were detected in the presence of either monomeric or dimeric forms of 2G12, indicating that both antibodies have pressured HIV to mutate and the addition of other antibodies such as b12 may be required to provide a sterilization effect against HIV. Collectively, we have identified a more potent variant of 2G12 in vivo, which can be used as part of an antibody cocktail to prevent HIV infection.
Interface trap density and mobility extraction in InGaAs buried quantum well metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors by gated Hall method (2014)

In this work, we are using a gated Hall method for measurement of free carrier density and electron mobility in buried InGaAs quantum well metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor channels. At room temperature, mobility over 8000 cm2/Vs is observed at ∼1.4 × 1012 cm−2. Temperature dependence of the electron mobility gives the evidence that remote Coulomb scattering dominates at electron density &amp;lt;2 × 1011 cm−2. Spectrum of the interface/border traps is quantified from comparison of Hall data with capacitance-voltage measurements or electrostatic modeling. Above the threshold voltage, gate control is strongly limited by fast traps that cannot be distinguished from free channel carriers just by capacitance-based methods and can be the reason for significant overestimation of channel density and underestimation of carrier mobility from transistor measurements.
Microstructural analysis of plastically deformed co-continuous ceramic composite (C{sup 4}) materials (1994)

In the present study, microstructural aspects of the recently discovered co-continuous ceramic composite (C{sup 4}) materials have been evaluated, and their response to plastic deformation by both tensile strain and Vickers indentation has been characterized. The microstructure was studied using high resolution scanning electron imaging (SEM) and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM results obtained show evidence of crack blunting in the aluminum phase, and the presence of microcracking in the alumina phase. The TEM results demonstrate a high dislocation density in the aluminum phase after testing which is indicative of significant deformation. The aluminum phase toughens the brittle alumina phase of the C{sup 4} material, allowing both elastic and plastic deformation behavior. This is remarkable since the alumina-aluminum ratio is in the region of 2 (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) to 1 (Al).
Supplementary Figure 1 from Targeting BCL2 Overcomes Resistance and Augments Response to Aurora Kinase B Inhibition by AZD2811 in Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 shows BCL2 is a strong biomarker of resistance to AURK inhibition in SCLC.&lt;/p&gt;
Barium/Lead‐Rich High Permittivity Glass–Ceramics for Capacitor Applications (2007)

Dielectric properties of glass–ceramics containing barium/lead‐based sodium niobates and barium titanate‐based silicates were evaluated for capacitor applications. The glasses were formed by melt‐rolling the respective constituents which were then crystallized by reheating them at higher temperatures. Crystallization schedules were formulated based on differential thermal analysis results. X‐ray diffractometer patterns indicated that the samples were highly crystallized. Microstructure and microchemistry of samples were studied by transmission electron micropscopy. Perovskite, tungsten–bronze and fresnoite phases developed during crystallization have a strong effect on the resulted dielectric properties with permittivities ranging from 20 to 700. Resistivity measurements were done to study conduction mechanisms in samples and the resistivity values for glass–ceramics were found to be between 10 11 and 10 13 Ω·cm at 150°C. MnO 2 additions were made to improve the electrical resistivity of glass–ceramics.
Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Low power electronics and design (2002)

Welcome to the 2002 International symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED), also known in short as the power symposium. ISLPED is unique in the sense that it brings academic and industrial researchers, technology, circuit, architecture, systems and software people together: their common concern being design for low power.A total of 162 contributed papers were received. Many thanks to all the authors who submitted their manuscripts. We return to the 2,5 days program to give us a little more room to switch between sessions and interact with other participants during the poster sessions. Even with two parallel sessions, we were able to accept only 24 long papers, 16 short papers and 21 poster papers. We will also have one keynote speech, two invited presentations and two embedded tutorials. These invited presentations are again from the wide span of topics in this symposium: a presentation on low voltage memories, one on nanotechnology and one on system integration for wireless communication. The winners of the student design contest have a special session on Tuesday afternoon. The goal of the design contest is to encourage innovation in low power design and to showcase original power-aware designs. An industry sponsored cash award will be presented to each selected design entry. This year, the symposium will once again feature a small exhibits are.
Semipolar III–nitride light-emitting diodes with negligible efficiency droop up to ∼1 W (2016)

Abstract We demonstrate 1 mm 2 blue light-emitting diodes with a negligible efficiency droop up to ∼1 W. LEDs with 12- to 14-nm-thick single quantum wells were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on a free-standing semipolar GaN substrate. Packaged devices showed an external quantum efficiency of 42.3% at 20 A/cm 2 with a negligible efficiency droop up to 991 mW at 900 mA. At 900 mA, the thermal droop and hot/cold factor were 8.2% and 0.92, respectively. The adoption of a thick active region resulted in excellent optical and thermal performance characteristics that are suitable for high-power lighting applications.
Quantitative performance assessment of surgical robot systems: telerobotic fls (2008)

Robot assisted surgery is revolutionizing the way in which many surgical interventions are performed. Increased dexterity allows surgeons to perform procedures that were otherwise impossible. TeleSurgery will allow expert care to be distributed anywhere in the world that medical intervention is required. The development of the University of Washington, RAVEN Surgical Robot, was a collaborative effort between surgeons and engineers from multiple disciplines. Initial validation testing included, (1) operating through a digital-data-link on an unmanned aerial vehicle, (2) long-distance teleoperation collaborations with researchers in other countries, and (3) participation in a NASA training mission during which the RAVEN was placed in an undersea habitat off the Florida Keys and teleoperated from Seattle, WA. Based on the current standard in surgical skills evaluation, a method for objective assessment of surgical robotic systems was developed. The effect of time delay in telesurgery using the RAVEN and the effect of 3D vision using the ISI da Vinci® robot were evaluated. The results of these studies will guide further development of the RAVEN and stimulate new ideas for telesurgery.
Incentivizing self-capping to increase cloud utilization (2017)

Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers continually seek higher resource utilization to better amortize capital costs. Higher utilization not only can enable higher profit for IaaS providers but also provides a mechanism to raise energy efficiency; therefore creating greener cloud services. Unfortunately, achieving high utilization is difficult mainly due to infrastructure providers needing to maintain spare capacity to service demand fluctuations.
Structure of the InP/SiO2 interface (1985)

InP/SiO2 interfaces have been studied by high resolution electron microscopy in cross section, by ellipsometry, and by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The roughness of the interface is shown to vary from 10 to 100 Å peak to peak depending on the InP surface treatment prior to SiO2 desposition, and some evidence is found for a small amount of native oxide and P segregation at the interface. Thermal oxide grown on InP at 350 °C is shown to consist of two separate layers, an inner one of 30–70 Å thickness and probably composition InPO4, and an outer one of 60-Å thickness and probably composition In2O3.
NadA3 Structures Reveal Undecad Coiled Coils and LOX1 Binding Regions Competed by Meningococcus B Vaccine-Elicited Human Antibodies (2018)

<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> serogroup B (MenB) is a major cause of sepsis and invasive meningococcal disease. A multicomponent vaccine, 4CMenB, is approved for protection against MenB. Neisserial adhesin A (NadA) is one of the main vaccine antigens, acts in host cell adhesion, and may influence colonization and invasion. Six major genetic variants of NadA exist and can be classified into immunologically distinct groups I and II. Knowledge of the crystal structure of the 4CMenB vaccine component NadA3 (group I) would improve understanding of its immunogenicity, folding, and functional properties and might aid antigen design. Here, X-ray crystallography, biochemical, and cellular studies were used to deeply characterize NadA3. The NadA3 crystal structure is reported; it revealed two unexpected regions of undecad coiled-coil motifs and other conformational differences from NadA5 (group II) not predicted by previous analyses. Structure-guided engineering was performed to increase NadA3 thermostability, and a second crystal structure confirmed the improved packing. Functional NadA3 residues mediating interactions with human receptor LOX-1 were identified. Also, for two protective vaccine-elicited human monoclonal antibodies (5D11, 12H11), we mapped key NadA3 epitopes. These vaccine-elicited human MAbs competed binding of NadA3 to LOX-1, suggesting their potential to inhibit host-pathogen colonizing interactions. The data presented provide a significant advance in the understanding of the structure, immunogenicity and function of NadA, one of the main antigens of the multicomponent meningococcus B vaccine.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The bacterial microbe <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> serogroup B (MenB) is a major cause of devastating meningococcal disease. An approved multicomponent vaccine, 4CMenB, protects against MenB. Neisserial adhesin A (NadA) is a key vaccine antigen and acts in host cell-pathogen interactions. We investigated the 4CMenB vaccine component NadA3 in order to improve the understanding of its immunogenicity, structure, and function and to aid antigen design. We report crystal structures of NadA3, revealing unexpected structural motifs, and other conformational differences from the NadA5 orthologue studied previously. We performed structure-based antigen design to engineer increased NadA3 thermostability. Functional NadA3 residues mediating interactions with the human receptor LOX-1 and vaccine-elicited human antibodies were identified. These antibodies competed binding of NadA3 to LOX-1, suggesting their potential to inhibit host-pathogen colonizing interactions. Our data provide a significant advance in the overall understanding of the 4CMenB vaccine antigen NadA.
Effects of methylene blue stabilizer on in vitro viability and chemotaxis of 99mTc-exametazime-labeled leukocytes. (2002)

With no major statistically significant difference noted either between the 3 labeling formulations or between the control and the 3 labeling formulations, we concluded that the methylene blue/phosphate buffer stabilizer (250 or 500 microg methylene blue) did not affect the cell membrane integrity, chemotactic capacity, labeling efficiency, in vitro stability, or complete blood count of leukocytes labeled with stabilized 99mTc-exametazime.
Risk assessment for biochemical recurrence prior to radical prostatectomy: Significant enhancement contributed by human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) and free prostate specific antigen (PSA) in men with moderate PSA‐elevation in serum (2005)

Most models to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer use pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage and prostate biopsy Gleason grade. We investigated whether human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) and free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) measured in pretreatment serum enhance prediction. We retrospectively measured total PSA (tPSA), fPSA and hK2 in preoperative serum samples from 461 men with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy between 1999 and 2001. We developed a regression model to predict BCR using preoperative tPSA, clinical stage and biopsy Gleason grade. We then compared the predictive accuracy of this "base" model with a model with fPSA and hK2 as additional predictors. BCR was observed in 90 patients (20%), including 48 patients with a pretreatment tPSA < or = 14 ng/ml (13%), and 28 patients (10%) with a pretreatment tPSA < or = 10 ng/ml. Overall, the predictive accuracy of the base model (bootstrap-corrected concordance index of 0.813) was not improved after the addition of fPSA or hK2 (0.818). However, for men with moderate tPSA-elevation (tPSA < or = 10 ng/ml), addition of fPSA and hK2 data increased predictive accuracy (from a base model concordance index of 0.756-0.815, p = 0.005). The improvement in accuracy was not sensitive to the threshold for "moderately elevated" PSA. For patients with a moderate tPSA-elevation (tPSA < or = 10 ng/ml), which closely corresponds to concurrent disease demographics, BCR-prediction was enhanced when fPSA and hK2 were added to the conventional model. Measurements of fPSA and hK2 improve on our ability to counsel patients prior to treatment as to their risk of BCR.
Er-related trap levels in GaAs:Er,O studied by optical spectroscopy under hydrostatic pressure (1997)

An optical spectroscopic study of Er-related luminescence in GaAs:Er,O as a function of temperature and applied hydrostatic pressure is reported. We observed the appearance of different Er-related luminescence under the application of hydrostatic pressure. The temperature dependence of the luminescence intensities for three kinds of Er centers as a function of pressure is measured and discussed in terms of the trap levels formed by the Er centers. It is shown that the energy-transfer process between photoexcited carriers in the host and the $4f$ shell of the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ion may occur when trap levels associated with an Er center enter the band gap under the application of hydrostatic pressure.
Determination of the molecular mobility and the free volume of thin polymeric films with fluorescence probes (1991)

Abstract Triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes were used as fluorescence probes for the characterization of thin polymeric layers. Glass transition temperature, mobility and free volume can be determined by this method. A correlation was found between the dye fluorescence and the free volume of the polymer. Above the glass transition temperature of the polymer the activation energies for the rotation of the dye phenyl groups were found at ca. 25–35 kJ/mol, at temperatures below the glass point these energies are in the range of 5–12 kJ/mol. Nearly all probes describe the free volume equally well. A relation was found between the dye mobility and gas diffusion constants (ammonia and oxygen).
Technical Report on DFG Project SDN-App: SDN-enabled Application-aware Network Control Architectures and their Performance Assessment (2020)

The DFG project “SDN-enabled Application-aware Network Control Architectures and their Performance Assessment” (DFG SDN-App) focused in phase 1 (Jan 2017 – Dec 2019) on software defined networking (SDN). Being a fundamental paradigm shift, SDN enables a remote control of networking devices made by different vendors from a logically centralized controller. In principle, this enables a more dynamic and flexible management of network resources compared to the traditional legacy networks. Phase 1 focused on multimedia applications and their users’ Quality of Experience (QoE). This documents reports the achievements of the first phase (Jan 2017 – Dec 2019), which is jointly carried out by the Technical University of Munich, Technical University of Berlin, and University of Würzburg. The project started at the institutions in Munich and Würzburg in January 2017 and lasted until December 2019. In Phase 1, the project targeted the development of fundamental control mechanisms for network-aware application control and application-aware network control in Software Defined Networks (SDN) so to enhance the user perceived quality (QoE). The idea is to leverage the QoE from multiple applications as control input parameter for application-and network control mechanisms. These mechanisms are implemented by an Application Control Plane (ACP) and a Network Control Plane (NCP). In order to obtain a global view of the current system state, applications and network parameters are monitored and communicated to the respective control plane interface. Network and application information and their demands are exchanged between the control planes so to derive appropriate control actions. To this end, a methodology is developed to assess the application performance and in particular the QoE. This requires an appropriate QoE modeling of the applications considered in the project as well as metrics like QoE fairness to be utilized within QoE management. In summary, the application-network interaction can improve the QoE for multi-application scenarios. This is ensured by utilizing information from the application layer, which are mapped by appropriate QoS-QoE models to QoE within a network control plane. On the other hand, network information is monitored and communicated to the application control plane. Network and application information and their demands are exchanged between the control planes so to derive appropriate control actions.