gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Electrochromic performance of sol-gel-deposited CeO2 films</title> (1999)

Ceria (CeO<SUB>2</SUB>) films were prepared by a sol-gel technique onto fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrates. The coating solution was derived from cerium ammonium nitrate dissolved in ethanol with diethanolamine used as a complexing agent. Lithium intercalating properties of the films were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical examinations were performed in a 0.5 M LiClO<SUB>4</SUB> propylene carbonate electrolyte. The additional film characterizations were performed in X-ray diffractometry (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. XRD of the films showed that they had an cerianite structure for heat treatment temperatures at or above 450 degree(s)C. The SEM examinations showed that the surface texture was uniform and homogeneous. CV examinations showed a reversible electrochemical insertion or extraction of Li<SUP>+</SUP>/e<SUP>-</SUP> ions maintaining a high optical transmissivity. Spectroelectrochemistry showed that these films can be used as optically passive counter-electrode in transmissive electrochromic devices.
Solvent free base catalysis and transesterification over basic functionalised Metal-Organic Frameworks (2009)

Metal-Organic Frameworks (post-)functionalised with nitrogen containing moieties undergo solvent free aza-Michael condensation and transesterification, surpassing molecular and functionalised MCM-type analogues.
Exploring deposition pattern characteristics of aerosols and bioaerosols by inertial impaction for the development of real-time silicon MEMS mass detection systems (2020)

The objective of this study was to analyze the deposition patterns of aerosolized bacteria, fungi, and fluorescent particles with a lab-made, multiple round nozzle, single-stage inertial impactor. The cutoff diameter (d50), experimental d50, and Reynolds number of the impactor were 0.39 µm, 0.80 µm, and 2825, respectively. The impactor was elaborated based on a classical impactor design criterion. The deposition characteristics, namely the size, shape, and collection efficiency of aerosols, differed significantly for impaction surfaces like smooth silicon and nanostructured silicon (i.e., black silicon) and various sizes of particles. Our experiment results, based on the image analysis method, suggest that the impaction characteristics of aerosols are subject to a rebound and re-entrainment (i.e., bounce effect) phenomenon that is tuned by the size of the particles, regardless of their origin. This finding leads us to distinguish the collection of global (classical) and local efficiencies, based on where the particles are deposited on the impaction plate. The particles in the primary impaction zone, located underneath the nozzle to which a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) is aligned, are considered to evaluate the local collection efficiency. We estimated the local collection efficiency from the collection on a smooth silicon surface as 17.9 ± 1.8% for fluorescent particles with an aerodynamic diameter (dae) of 0.92 µm and <1% for particles with dae of 2.07, 2.53, and 3.83 µm in size. The reduced number of particles in the primary impaction zone as their size increases is evidence of the bounce effect. This observation is also confirmed for the first time with the capturing of bioaerosols. For the elimination of the bounce effect and localization of the deposit in the primary zone, this empirical study proposes the solution of tailoring the smooth silicon surface with sharp pillar nanostructures (e.g., black silicon, BSi). Therefore, we show that a BSi-functionalized MEMS mass sensor–integrated impactor is suitable for the detection of micron-sized solid particles, such as Aspergillus niger spores (dae of 3.04 µm).Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
The validation of culturally appropriate scales to assess the family health climate in a multi-ethnic Asian population (2022)

We adapted, translated and validated the scales for assessing the health climate of families in Singapore, including the development of short versions. The results showed good psychometric properties and the constructs had significant relationships with health behaviors and routines. Improving our understanding of family influences on individual health behavior will be important in developing multi-level strategies for health promotion and chronic disease prevention.
What Are the Most Powerful Immunogen Design Vaccine Strategies? (2017)

Functional antibodies, i.e., those with antipathogen activity in in vitro assays, are generally the best correlate of vaccine protection. Mimics of natural infection, including live attenuated and killed pathogens, which induce such antibodies in vivo, have generated highly successful vaccines. However, pathogens that induce functional antibodies at lower levels or more sporadically have been more refractory to vaccine design. Such pathogens are being tackled by more systematic approaches involving identifying functional antibodies, templating immunogens from the antibodies, and then evaluating the immunogens iteratively. I believe this is a powerful new approach to vaccine design as discussed below.
Intratumoral vaccination of adenoviruses expressing fusion protein RM4/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induces significant tumor regression. (1999)

Recombinant adenovirus (AdV) vectors are highly efficient at in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. VKCK is a murine myeloma cell line expressing the light chain of the fusion protein RM4/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The in vitro transfection of VKCK cells with the AdV AdV5LacZ, which contains the marker gene beta-galactosidase, can reach a maximal 75% at a multiplicity of infection of 1000. Intratumoral injections of AdV5LacZ (2 x 10(9) plaque-forming units) resulted in substantial gene transfer in nearly 50% of VKCK tumors. The AdV pLpA/M4-TNF-alpha, which contains a fused gene M4-TNF-alpha that codes for the heavy chain of fusion protein RM4/TNF-alpha, was constructed. After the in vitro transfection of pLpA/M4-TNF-alpha at a multiplicity of infection of 1000, transfected VKCK cells showed significant secretion of RM4/TNF-alpha (36 ng/mL/10(6) cells) containing the functional TNF-alpha moiety in tissue culture. The secretion peaks at day 3 and is diminished at day 6 following the viral infection. These transfected VKCK cells also became more immunogenic with enhanced expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen. Intratumoral injections of 2 x 10(9) plaque-forming units of pLpA/M4-TNF-alpha virus with a repeated booster resulted in significant VKCK tumor regression in immune-competent mice, but not in athymic nude mice with a mean tumor weight of 0.07 g that were compared with 1.58 g and 1.70 g for tumors injected with AdV5LacZ and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively (P < .01). The tumor regression also results in protective immunity against a second challenge with parental tumor cells, which is mainly mediated by VKCK tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that AdV-mediated cytokine gene therapy may be a useful approach in the clinical management of solid human tumors.
Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma KB Cells via Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway (2016)

Preclinical Research Sanguinarine, an alkaloid isolated from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and other plants of the Papaveraceae family, selectively induces apoptotic cell death in a variety of human cancer cells, but its mechanism of action requires further elaboration. The present study investigated the pro-apoptotic effects of sanguinarine in human oral squamous cell carcinoma KB cells. Sanguinarine treatment increased DR5/TRAILR2 (death receptor 5/TRAIL receptor 2) expression and enhanced the activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of its substrate, Bid. Sanguinarine also induced the mitochondrial translocation of pro-apoptotic Bax, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release to the cytosol, and activation of caspase-9 and -3. However, a pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, reversed the growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by sanguinarine. Sanguinarine also suppressed the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt in KB cells, while co-treatment of cells with sanguinarine and a PI3K inhibitor revealed synergistic apoptotic effects. However, pharmacological inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases did not reduce or enhance sanguinarine-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that the pro-apoptotic effects of sanguinarine in KB cells may be regulated by a caspase-dependent cascade via activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways and inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Drug Dev Res 77 : 227-240, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
142. Evolution of Cell-Specific RNA Aptamers Against Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells Via Live Cell-Based SELEX (2015)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal primary brain tumour and ranks among the most lethal of all cancers. The median survival time is only 12 to 15 months despite surgical resection followed by radio- and chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also called self-renewing tumour-initiating cells (TICs), represent a malignant subpopulation of cells in hierarchically organized tumours. GBM CSCs are thought to be portion of glioblastoma cells that are responsible for both cellular invasion and therapeutics resistance, indicating the need for therapies that kill these cells and for imaging reagents that can identify them in vivo. Although several surface CSCs markers have shown their promise in glioblastoma to prospectively enrich or deplete CSCs, their uses were limited by a shared antigen with normal stem cells. Novel biomarkers that specifically recognize CSCs are highly desired. Therefore, developing a cell-type specific aptamers that prospectively identify GBM CSCs may not only serve as a platform for the development of novel targeted therapies and imaging reagents, but also permit the discovery of novel biomarkers for GBM CSCs. Additionally, we reasoned that a combinatorial use of various nucleic acids such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and aptamers could be more efficacious in suppressing tumour growth through specifically targeting to GBM CSCs. In the present study, by combining the “Live Cell-based SELEX” strategy with high throughput sequencing (HTS) technology and bioinformatics analysis, we successfully identified several 2’-Fluoropyrimidine modified RNA aptamers targeted to Glioblastoma cancer stem cells. One of the best candidates (S-2 aptamer) specifically bound and was efficiently internalized into Glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Our efforts demonstrate that the cell-specific, internalizing RNA aptamers offer great promise for cell-type- or tissue-specific delivery and imaging reagents for targeted treatment of glioblastoma. We are presently investigating the ligand recognized by the aptamer.
Frontispiece: Polysaccharide Chemistry in Drug Delivery, Endocrinology, and Vaccines (2021)

Polysaccharides are an important element in several fields such as endocrinology, drug delivery, and vaccine. This Importance comes from their biocompatibility, safety, and cost efficiency. Moreover, the ability to chemically modify and functionalize polysaccharides with a large spectrum of functional groups expands their usability. In addition, chemical modifications of polysaccharide can alter their physicochemical properties. For these reasons, researchers have studied distinct features of modified polysaccharides to perfect their properties and better their pharmacological actions. For more details see the Review by A. Elaissar et al. on 8437 ff.
Development and Manufacture of the Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Merimepodib, VX-497 (2008)

A process for the manufacture of merimepodib (VX-497), an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor, has been developed and efficiently scaled to produce clinical supply. The process comprises five steps, incorporating simple and robust chemistry that ultimately yielded 96.5 kg with a purity of 100% (by HPLC analysis) and 99.7% w/w assay. Highlights of the process are the effective use of production-scale phosgene, manipulation of Schotten−Baumann reaction conditions to give a low pH procedure that avoids a critical impurity, and the use of online tools to better identify parameters of the API purification.
Birdlets: Subordinate categorization using volumetric primitives and pose-normalized appearance (2011)

Subordinate-level categorization typically rests on establishing salient distinctions between part-level characteristics of objects, in contrast to basic-level categorization, where the presence or absence of parts is determinative. We develop an approach for subordinate categorization in vision, focusing on an avian domain due to the fine-grained structure of the category taxonomy for this domain. We explore a pose-normalized appearance model based on a volumetric poselet scheme. The variation in shape and appearance properties of these parts across a taxonomy provides the cues needed for subordinate categorization. Training pose detectors requires a relatively large amount of training data per category when done from scratch; using a subordinate-level approach, we exploit a pose classifier trained at the basic-level, and extract part appearance and shape information to build subordinate-level models. Our model associates the underlying image pattern parameters used for detection with corresponding volumetric part location, scale and orientation parameters. These parameters implicitly define a mapping from the image pixels into a pose-normalized appearance space, removing view and pose dependencies, facilitating fine-grained categorization from relatively few training examples.
Mobile terminal LTE MIMO antennas for 700 MHz LTE band (2016)

In this paper, a mobile terminal LTE MIMO antennas is proposed. The proposed antenna can cover for the LTE band 14 of 760-800 MHz with the mutual coupling lower than -10 dB. Within the operating band, the envelope correlation coefficient and total efficiency are lower than 0.4 and higher than 40%, respectively. To verify the simulations, a prototype of the proposed antenna are fabricated and measured. The measurements aligns well with the simulations.
Discovery of a First-in-Class Receptor Interacting Protein 2 (RIP2) Kinase Specific Clinical Candidate, 2-((4-(Benzo[d]thiazol-5-ylamino)-6-(tert-butylsulfonyl)quinazolin-7-yl)oxy)ethyl Dihydrogen Phosphate, for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases (2019)

RIP2 kinase has been identified as a key signal transduction partner in the NOD2 pathway contributing to a variety of human pathologies, including immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Small-molecule inhibitors of RIP2 kinase or its signaling partners on the NOD2 pathway that are suitable for advancement into the clinic have yet to be described. Herein, we report our discovery and profile of the prodrug clinical compound, inhibitor 3, currently in phase 1 clinical studies. Compound 3 potently binds to RIP2 kinase with good kinase specificity and has excellent activity in blocking many proinflammatory cytokine responses in vivo and in human IBD explant samples. The highly favorable physicochemical and ADMET properties of 3 combined with high potency led to a predicted low oral dose in humans.
A high‐affinity monoclonal anti‐IgE antibody for depletion of IgE and IgE‐bearing cells (2008)

Monoclonal antibody 12 is a high affinity anti-human IgE antibody, which efficiently removes IgE and IgE-bearing cells from peripheral blood and may thus be used for extracorporeal depletion of IgE and IgE-bearing cells.
Further Exploration of the Benzimidazole Scaffold as TRPC5 Inhibitors: Identification of 1‐Alkyl‐2‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles as Potent and Selective Inhibitors (2022)

The transient receptor potential cation channel 5 (TRPC5) plays an important role in numerous cellular processes. Due to this, it has gained considerable attention over the past few years as a potential therapeutic target. Recently, TRPC5 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of podocyte survival, indicating a potential treatment option for chronic kidney disease. In addition, a recent study has shown TRPC5 to be expressed in human sensory neurons and suggests that TRPC5 inhibition could be an effective treatment for spontaneous and tactile pain. To understand these processes more fully, potent and selective tool compounds are needed. Herein we report further exploration of the 2-aminobenzimidazole scaffold as a potent TRPC5 inhibitor, culminating in the discovery of 16 f as a potent and selective TRPC5 inhibitor.
Robust online Hamiltonian learning (2012)

In this work we combine two distinct machine learning methodologies, sequential Monte Carlo and Bayesian experimental design, and apply them to the problem of inferring the dynamical parameters of a quantum system. We design the algorithm with practicality in mind by including parameters that control trade-offs between the requirements on computational and experimental resources. The algorithm can be implemented online (during experimental data collection), avoiding the need for storage and post-processing. Most importantly, our algorithm is capable of learning Hamiltonian parameters even when the parameters change from experiment-to-experiment, and also when additional noise processes are present and unknown. The algorithm also numerically estimates the Cramer-Rao lower bound, certifying its own performance.
Mankind’s first natural stem cell transplant (2010)

The timing of the umbilical cord clamping at birth is still controversial. In the modern era of medicine, the cord has been clamped early to facilitate resuscitation and stabilization of infants. However, recently delayed cord clamping has been supported by physicians because it allows for the physiological transfer of blood from the placenta to the infant. Many clinical studies have revealed that the delayed cord clamping elevates blood volume and haemoglobin and prevents anaemia in infants. Moreover, since it was known that umbilical cord blood contains various valuable stem cells such as haematopoietic stem cells, endothelial cell precursors, mesenchymal progenitors and multipotent/pluripotent lineage stem cells, the merit of delayed cord clamping has been magnified. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of delayed cord clamping at birth. We highlight the importance of delayed cord clamping in realizing mankind's first stem cell transfer and propose that it should be encouraged in normal births.
Critical Pressure Asymmetry in the Enclosed Fluid\nDiode (2020)

Joint\nphysically and chemically pattered surfaces can provide efficient\nand passive manipulation of fluid flow. The ability of many of these\nsurfaces to allow only unidirectional flow means they are often termed\nfluid diodes. Synthetic analogues of these are enabling technologies\nfrom sustainable water collection via fog harvesting to improved wound\ndressings. One key fluid diode geometry features a pore sandwiched\nbetween two absorbent substratesan important design for applications\nthat require liquid capture while preventing back-flow. However, the\nenclosed pore is particularly challenging to design as an effective\nfluid diode due to the need for both a low Laplace pressure for liquid\nentering the pore and a high Laplace pressure to liquid leaving. Here,\nwe calculate the Laplace pressure for fluid traveling in both directions\non a range of conical pore designs with a chemical gradient. We show\nthat this chemical gradient is in general required to achieve the\nlargest critical pressure differences between incoming and outgoing\nliquids. Finally, we discuss the optimization strategy to maximize\nthis critical pressure asymmetry.
DeltaNp63α ist ein Inhibitor der p53-vemittelten Apoptose und induziert Chemoresistenz beim hepatozellulären Karzinom (2009)

Einleitung: Wir haben für das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) gezeigt, dass die Interaktion der p53 Familie (p53, TAp63, TAp73) und ihrer dominant negativen Formen (DeltaN-) über Tumorentstehung, Tumorprogression und Therapieansprechen entscheidet. Die Expression von DeltaNp73 beim HCC bedingt Apoptosehemmung, Chemoresistenz und eine ungünstige Prognose. Die Rolle von DeltaNp63 beim HCC ist bisher nicht untersucht.
Tumor Suppression and Therapy Sensitization of Localized and Metastatic Breast Cancer by Adenovirus p53 (2001)

We have examined the effects of a replication-defective adenovirus encoding p53 (RPR/INGN 201 [Ad5CMV-p53]; Adp53), alone or in combination with the breast cancer therapeutic doxorubicin (Adriamycin), to suppress growth and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells in vitro. We have also examined the in vivo effect of intratumoral administration of Adp53, alone or in combination with doxorubicin, to suppress the growth of established subcutaneous MDA-MB-435 breast cancer tumors. Finally, using the MDA-MB-435 orthotopic model of metastatic breast cancer, we have examined the effect of systemic administration of Adp53, alone or in combination with doxorubicin, to reduce the incidence of metastases. We find that whereas in vitro treatment of cells with Adp53 reduces [(3)H]thymidine incorporation by about 90% at 48 hr, cell viability at 6 days is reduced by only some 50% relative to controls. Although apoptosis is detectable in Adp53-treated cultures, these results suggest that a large fraction of Adp53-treated cells merely undergo reversible cell cycle arrest. Combined treatment with Adp53 and doxorubicin results in a greater than additive loss of viability in vitro and increased apoptosis. In vivo, locally administered Adp53 suppresses growth of established subcutaneous tumors in nude mice and suppression is enhanced by doxorubicin. In the metastatic breast cancer model, systemic administration of Adp53 plus doxorubicin leads to a significant reduction in the incidence of metastases relative to Adp53 or doxorubicin alone. Taken together, these data indicate an additive to synergistic effect of Adp53 and doxorubicin for the treatment of primary and metastatic breast cancer.
Deformation of a Polydomain, Liquid Crystalline Epoxy-Based Thermoset (1998)

Liquid crystalline thermosets (LCT's) were prepared by curing a difunctional LC epoxy monomer, diglycidyl ether of 4,4‘-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene, with the tetrafunctional cross-linker 4,4‘-methylenedianiline (MDA). A commercial, non-LC epoxy monomer of similar starting molecular weight was also cured with MDA to produce an isotropic thermoset for comparison. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed reduced glassy moduli, increased stiffness in the rubbery state, and broadened and lowered glass transitions for the LCT's compared to the isotropic thermoset based on the non-LC monomer. At room temperature, the true stress versus true strain curves of the LCT's under uniaxial compression showed no strain softening region, substantial plastic deformation (εf ≈ 50%), and increased strain hardening compared to the isotropic thermoset. LCT's with a smectic type of local order exhibited bulk, homogeneous plastic yielding, which led to slow, stable crack propagation and an increased fracture toughness (GIc = 1.62 kJ/m2, KIc = 1.59 MPa·m1/2.