gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of sperm chemokinesis with exposure to jelly coats of sea urchin eggs and resact: a microfluidic experiment and numerical study (2007)

Specific peptides contained within the extracellular layer, or jelly coat, of a sea urchin egg have been hypothesized to play an important role in fertilization, though separate accounting of the effects of chemoattraction, chemokinesis, sperm agglomeration and the other possible roles of the jelly coat have not been reported. In the present study, we used a microfluidic device that allowed determination of the differences in the diffusion coefficients of sperm of the purple sea urchin Arbacia punctulata subjected to two chemoattractants, namely the jelly coat and resact. Our objectives were twofold: (1) to experimentally determine and compare the diffusion coefficients of Arbacia punctulata spermatozoa in seawater, jelly coat solution and resact solution; and (2) to determine the effect of sea urchin sperm diffusion coefficient and egg size on the sperm-egg collision frequency using stochastic simulations. Numerical values of the diffusion coefficients obtained by diffusing the spermatozoa in seawater, resact solution and jelly coat solution were used to quantify the chemotactic effect. This allowed direct incorporation of known enlargements of the egg, and altered sperm diffusion coefficients in the presence of chemoattractant, in the stochastic simulations. Simulation results showed that increase in diffusion coefficient values and egg diameter values increased the collision frequency. From the simulation results, we concluded that type of sperm, egg diameter and diffusion coefficient are significant factors in egg fertilization. Increasing the motility of sperm appears to be the prominent role of the jelly coat.
Efficacy of Biphasic Transcranial Electric Stimulation in Intraoperative Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring for Cervical Compression Myelopathy (2013)

4.
Evaluating Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Histologic Validation of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT with Comparison to Multiparametric MRI (2020)

Background Prostate cancer recurrence is found in up to 40% of men with prior definitive (total prostatectomy or whole-prostate radiation) treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET agents such as 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine 3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (<sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL) may improve detection of recurrence compared with multiparametric MRI; however, histopathologic validation is lacking. Purpose To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT based on histologic analysis and to compare with pelvic multiparametric MRI in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Men were prospectively recruited after prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy with rising prostate-specific antigen level (median, 2.27 ng/mL; range, 0.2-27.45 ng/mL) and a negative result at conventional imaging (bone scan and/or CT). Participants underwent <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging and 3.0-T pelvic multiparametric MRI. Statistical analysis included Wald and modified χ<sup>2</sup> tests. Results A total of 323 lesions were visualized in 77 men by using <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL or multiparametric MRI, with imaging detection concordance of 25% (82 of 323) when including all lesions in the MRI field of view and 53% (52 of 99) when only assessing prostate bed lesions. <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL depicted more pelvic lymph nodes than did MRI (128 vs 23 nodes). Histologic validation was obtained in 80 locations with sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of 69% (25 of 36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 51%, 88%), 91% (40 of 44; 95% CI: 74%, 98%), and 86% (25 of 29; 95% CI: 73%, 97%) for <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL and 69% (24 of 35; 95% CI: 50%, 86%), 74% (31 of 42; 95% CI: 42%, 89%), and 69% (24 of 35; 95% CI: 50%, 88%) for multiparametric MRI (<i>P</i> = .95, <i>P</i> = .14, and <i>P</i> = .07, respectively). In the prostate bed, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV were 57% (13 of 23; 95% CI: 32%, 81%), 86% (18 of 21; 95% CI: 73%, 100%), and 81% (13 of 16; 95% CI: 59%, 100%) for <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL and 83% (19 of 23; 95% CI: 59%, 100%), 52% (11 of 21; 95% CI: 29%, 74%), and 66% (19 of 29; 95% CI: 44%, 86%) for multiparametric MRI (<i>P</i> = .19, <i>P</i> = .02, and <i>P</i> = .17, respectively). The addition of <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL to multiparametric MRI improved PPV by 38% overall (<i>P</i> = .02) and by 30% (<i>P</i> = .09) in the prostate bed. Conclusion Findings with 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine 3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (<sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL) were histologically validated and demonstrated high specificity and positive predictive value. In the pelvis, <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL depicted more lymph nodes and improved positive predictive value and specificity when added to multiparametric MRI. © RSNA, 2020 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Zukotynski and Rowe in this issue.
Scintillator-oriented combinatorial search in Ce-doped (Y,Gd)3(Ga,Al)5O12 multicomponent garnet compounds (2011)

Abstract Ce-doped (Y y Gd 1− y ) 3 (Ga x Al 1− x ) 5 O 12 ( x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and y = 1, 2, 3) single crystals are grown by the micro-pulling down method. X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis techniques are employed to check their structure and chemical composition, respectively. Optical and photoluminescence characteristics are measured and radioluminescence spectra, light yield and scintillation decay measurements are further made to evaluate the scintillation performance. We show that balanced Gd and Ga admixture in the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 structure can considerably increase the scintillation efficiency, and the spectrally corrected light yield value exceeds 44 000 photon MeV −1 . Scintillation decay times approach that of Ce 3+ photoluminescence decay and an additional less intense slower component is also observed. Physical aspects of energy transfer process and 5d 1 excited state depopulation are discussed. The micro-pulling down technique is shown as an ideal tool for a directed combinatorial search for targeted single crystal compositions to reveal those with the highest figure-of-merit for a given application field.
Large-signal harmonic and intermodulation distortions in wide-bandwidth GaInAsP semiconductor lasers (1989)

Harmonic and intermodulation distortion are two crucial performance parameters of laser diodes in determining their utility in wide-bandwidth analog links. The multimode rate equations are solved numerically to give information on the bandwidth phase, harmonic, and intermodulation distortion of GaInAsP laser diodes at both small- and large-signal levels. The results of the theoretical analysis agree well with experimental results, and show that the effects of both spatial and spectral hole burning are necessary to create an accurate theoretical model that correctly predicts the modulation damping and distortion levels for a range of lateral cavity structures. Anomalous variations in the low-frequency harmonic and intermodulation curves at high modulation levels are explained with this model. The model can be used for any arbitrary input current waveform, and provides information on the output optical spectra which can be used to analyze the propagation of the waveform along an optical fiber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hepatocyte-derived GDF15 suppresses feeding and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice (2022)

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-induced secreted protein whose circulating levels are increased in the context of obesity. Recombinant GDF15 reduces body weight and improves glycemia in obese models, which is largely attributed to the central action of GDF15 to suppress feeding and reduce body weight. Despite these advances in knowledge, the tissue-specific sites of GDF15 production during obesity are unknown, and the effects of modulating circulating GDF15 levels on insulin sensitivity have not been evaluated directly. Here, we demonstrate that hepatocyte <i>Gdf15</i> expression is sufficient for changes in circulating levels of GDF15 during obesity and that restoring <i>Gdf15</i> expression specifically in hepatocytes of <i>Gdf15</i> knockout mice results in marked improvements in hyperinsulinemia, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and to a lesser extent peripheral insulin sensitivity. These data support that liver hepatocytes are the primary source of circulating GDF15 in obesity.
23 REDUCTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION, PROLIFERATION, AND GENE EXPRESSION IN FIBROBLAST DONOR CELLS FOR USE IN SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER BY CPI-613 AND PS48 (2015)

The morphology (spherical and without cristae) and metabolism (lowly functional) of mitochondria in early embryos and other rapidly proliferating cells exhibit a Warburg effect (WE)-like metabolism. A hallmark of the WE is the predominate use of glycolysis for energy production as opposed to the tricarboxylic acid cycle used by differentiated cells. Additionally, increased signalling of the PI3K pathway is correlated with an increase in glucose metabolism within cancer cells and is consistent with the WE. PS48 stimulates the PI3K pathway, and CPI-613 inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase. The goal was to achieve a WE-like effect in donor cells before NT. Day 35 porcine fetal fibroblasts were treated as controls (CON, 0 µM) or with CPI (25, 50, or 100 µM) or PS48 (1, 5, 10 µM) for 7 days. Cytometry data were processed using SUMMIT software and analysed via GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA); all variables were analysed for the main effect of drug concentration. Trypan blue cell viability measures were analysed using GLM. For each collection day (i.e. Day 3, 5, and 7), all variables were analysed for the main effect of treatment, duration of culture, and their interaction. All mRNA expression as measured via the ??-ct method by qPCR was analysed using CT values in GLM for the main effect of drug treatment. Total number of cells and live cells at 120 h was decreased (P = 0.03) in all PS48 treatments compared with CON cells (total cells: CON = 8.95 × 106v. PS48 treatments =6.98 × 106; live cells: CON = 8.39 × 106v. PS48 treatments =6.50 × 106). While the percentage live cells in CPI and CON cells did not differ (P = 0.09), 100 µM decreased the number of total cells and live cells from that of CON for every time point by ~50% (P = 0.02), whereas the other CPI treatments 25 and 50 µM were intermediate. Expression of PDK2 was reduced with 10 µM PS48 treatment compared with CON, and 50 and 100 µM CPI treated cells (P &amp;lt; 0.001; PS48 10 µM: 0.335 v. =1.012 other treatments). The CPI 100 µM and 10 µM PS48 concentrations decreased PKM M1 variant expression compared with CON and 50 µM CPI cells (P &amp;lt; 0.001; CPI 100 µM and PS48 10 µM &amp;lt;0.44; CPI 50 µM and CON &amp;gt;0.68). To determine the mitochondrial membrane potential, JC-10 was used. The percentage of cells with high mitochondrial membrane potential decreased (P = 0.04) with PS48 treatment (PS48 treatments =19.6%, control = 25.6%). Treatment with CPI also decreased (P = 0.01) membrane potential and the percentages of cells (high function: CPI treatments =12.7 v. 25.6% in control; low function: CPI treatments =80.3 v. 74.3%). Because PS48 or CPI decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and the abundance of PKM M1, the metabolism of these potential donor cells may be more blastomere like. Experiments are underway to determine whether cells treated with PS48 or CPI will result in better development after somatic cell NT. This study was funded by Food for the 21st Century and NIH R01HD080636.
Les fluides supercritiques : un nouveau mileu réactionnel pour la synthèse de nanoparticules (2004)

Les fluides supercritiques possèdent des propriétés particulières qui sont exploitées pour le développement de nouvelles réactions, en particulier dans le domaine de la synthèse de matériaux...
High-level intracellular expression of heterologous proteins in Brevibacillus choshinensis SP3 under the control of a xylose inducible promoter (2013)

Combining the components of two different commercially available Gram positive expression systems, such as Brevibacillus (from Takara Bio) and B. megaterium (from Mobitec), we demonstrate that vectors based on the B. megaterium PxylA xylose inducible promoter can be successfully used to induce high level of intracellular expression of heterologous proteins in Brevibacillus.
Seeds: thoughts on creative intervention in the public realm (2009)

&lt;p&gt;This book intends to establish a critical framework pertinent to creative intervention in the public realm; bringing together a diverse range of critical issues and the author's own practice through undertaking a publicly funded arts project.&lt;/p&gt;
Operation regimes, gain dynamics and highly stable operation points of\n Ho:YLF regenerative amplifiers (2016)

We present a comprehensive study of laser pulse amplification with respect to\noperation regimes, gain dynamics, and highly stable operation points of Ho:YLF\nregenerative amplifiers (RAs). The findings are expected to be more generic\nthan for this specific case. Operation regimes are distinguished with respect\nto pulse energy and the appearance of pulse instability, and are studied as a\nfunction of the repetition rate, seed energy, and pump intensity. The\ncorresponding gain dynamics are presented, identifying highly stable operation\npoints related to high gain build -up during pumping and high gain depletion\nduring pulse amplification. These operation points are studied numerically and\nexperimentally as a function of several parameters, thereby achieving, for our\nHo:YLF RA, highly stable output pulses with measured fluctuations of only 0.19%\n(standard deviation).\n
SONAR: A scalable stream-oriented system for real-time network traffic measurements (2015)

Accurate and real-time network measurements are becoming increasingly critical for a large variety of management tasks like accounting, bandwidth provisioning and security analysis. However, existing network measurement techniques have major limitations in supporting scalable and real-time traffic data monitoring and analyzing on high-speed (10Gbps and beyond) network links. Therefore, we propose a novel real-time network measurement system, named SONAR, which facilitates the convergence of real-time network monitoring and traffic analysis. We illustrate how the proposed system is designed and implemented based on streaming computing technologies, and demonstrate its capabilities with a built-in abnormal traffic detection application. The proposed system, based on real-world actualization and evaluation, has been demonstrated to be a high-performance and scalable solution for real-time network traffic measurements.
An Affinity Oligonucleotide Displacement Strategy to Purify Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Applied to Human Telomerase (2008)

Antisense oligonucleotides have been used to study the structure and function of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complexes and were adapted and modified for the purification of a variety of RNPs. We describe methods for recombinant expression and reconstitution of catalytically active human telomerase and the purification of native and recombinant telomerase using antisense affinity oligonucleotides. The purification procedure involves binding of the RNP complex to NeutrAvidin beads via a biotinylated 2'-O-methyl (2'-OMe) RNA oligonucleotide complementary to the RNA subunit. The complex is eluted from the beads through competition with a displacement oligonucleotide. Thus, the purified RNP is eluted under mild conditions, retaining its catalytic activity.
Three-dimensional visualization of the liver from computed-tomography data (2002)

A method for 3D surface mapping from computer tomography (CT) images of the abdomen is described. The liver can be visualized in 3D from any perspective and can be shown either alone or through the translucent abdominal wall. Artificial-intelligence techniques are used to identify salient anatomic features from which the lobar and segmental anatomy can be determined. These methods are applied to abdominal CTs of potential donors of segmental liver transplants, in which preoperative volumetry and visualization of the left lateral segment are of significant value.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Generation andin SituEvaluation of Libraries of Poly(acrylic acid) Presenting Sialosides as Side Chains as Polyvalent Inhibitors of Influenza-Mediated Hemagglutination (1997)

This paper describes a simple, microscale method for generating and evaluating libraries of derivatives of poly(acrylic acid) (pAA) that present mixtures of side chains that influence their biological activity. The method is based on the one-step conversion of poly(acrylic anhydride) (pAAn) to linear polymers presenting multiple units of R on side chains, pAA(R): the polymers are obtained by ultrasonication of a suspension of pAAn and aqueous RNH2 contained in a 250-μL well of a microtiter plate. Using this method, derivatives of pAA having N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc-L-NH2) as a side chain, pAA(NeuAc-L), were generated and assayed for ability to inhibit hemagglutination (HAI) of chicken erythrocytes by influenza virus A (X-31); the constant ( ) describing this inhibition is calculated on the basis of the concentration of NeuAc groups in solution, rather than the concentration of polymer molecules. Co-polymeric pAA(NeuAc-Ln; Ln = different linking groups) with a range of mole fractions of NeuAc-L-NH2 (χNeuAc-L = 0.02−0.11) exhibited HAI activities with values between 27 and 0.30 μM. Using combinations of NeuAc-L-NH2 and one of 26 different primary amines RNH2, a variety of ter-polymeric pAA(NeuAc-L; R) (χNeuAc-L ∼ 0.05; χR ∼ 0.06) were also generated and assayed. Certain ter-polymers yielded values of that were lower by a factor of ∼104 than that of the parent co-polymeric pAA(NeuAc-L): the most active inhibitor was pAA(NeuAc-L; l-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine)) ( ≈ 0.5 nM). Typically, the incorporation of hydrophobicespecially aromaticside chains enhanced activities. These polymers (pAA(NeuAc-L; R)) belong to a new class of polymeric, polyvalent sialosides that are potent inhibitors of the adsorption of influenza virus to erythrocytes. They were active with only low to moderate levels of incorporation of functional groups into the side chains: χNeuAc-L ∼ 0.05; χR ∼ 0.06.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Controlled Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Allylboronates and Aryl Halides. (2013)

Abstract An orthogonal set of catalyst systems for the Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of 3,3‐disubstituted and 3‐monosubstituted allylboronates with aryl halides is developed.
Development of a hybrid CVD/SOD integration sequence for reliable, high performance interconnect systems (2004)

The use of hybrid integration schemes is investigated using a combination of a SiOC film at the via level and a porous SiLK Y film at the trench level. Sequential finite element analysis is used to determine the mechanics and, subsequently, a hybrid damascene interconnect is built to demonstrate the approach.
Urodynamic effects of oxybutynin and tolterodine in conscious and anesthetized rats under different cystometrographic conditions (2005)

Despite the different experimental conditions used, the only effect on cystometrographic parameters of oxybutynin and tolterodine in anesthetized and conscious rats was a decrease in MP, whereas BVC was hardly and non-significantly affected. Therefore, it is difficult to reproduce in rats the cystometrographic increase in BVC as observed in humans after chronic administration of antimuscarinic agents, whereas the acute effects seem more similar.
Strain-induced enhancement of plasma dispersion effect and free-carrier absorption in SiGe optical modulators (2014)

The plasma dispersion effect and free-carrier absorption are widely used to change refractive index and absorption coefficient in Si-based optical modulators. However, the weak free-carrier effects in Si cause low modulation efficiency, resulting in large device footprint and power consumption. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the enhancement of the free-carrier effects by strain-induced mass modulation in silicon-germanium (SiGe). The application of compressive strain to SiGe reduces the conductivity effective mass of holes, resulting in the enhanced free-carrier effects. Thus, the strained SiGe-based optical modulator exhibits more than twice modulation efficiency as large as that of the Si modulator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the enhanced free-carrier effects in strained SiGe at the near-infrared telecommunication wavelength. The strain-induced enhancement technology for the free-carrier effects is expected to boost modulation efficiency of the most Si-based optical modulators thanks to high complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility.
Electronic firing systems and methods for firing a device (2023)

An electronic firing system comprising a control system, a charging system, an electrical energy storage device, a shock tube firing circuit, a shock tube connector, a blasting cap firing circuit, and a blasting cap connector. The control system controls the charging system, which charges the electrical energy storage device. The control system also controls the shock tube firing circuit and the blasting cap firing circuit. When desired, the control system signals the shock tube firing circuit or blasting cap firing circuit to electrically connect the electrical energy storage device to the shock tube connector or the blasting cap connector respectively.
Methoxylation of 4,5‐Dichloro‐2‐methyl‐6‐nitropyridazin‐3‐one (2000)

Abstract This paper presents the methoxylation of 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐methyl‐6‐nitropyridazin‐3‐one with potassium carbonate/methanol.
Students’ view upon graduation: a survey of medical education in Taiwan (2012)

The study offers preliminary results on the views of graduating students on the medical education system in Taiwan. In particular, our government and medical educators need to continuously put more effort into building students' confidence in their clinical skills.
Correlation of Absorption Profile and Fill Factor in Organic Solar Cells: The Role of Mobility Imbalance (2013)

Abstract We investigate the role of the spatial absorption profile within bulk heterojunction small molecule solar cells comprising a 50 nm ZnPc:C 60 active layer. Exploiting interference effects the absorption profile is varied by both the illumination wavelength and the thickness of an optical spacer layer adjacent to the reflecting electrode. The fill factor under 1 sun illumination is observed to change from 43 to 49% depending on the absorption profile which approximately equals the charge‐carrier generation profile. It is shown by varying the mixing ratio between ZnPc and C 60 that the importance of the generation profile is correlated with the imbalance of mobilities. Therefore, it is concluded that non‐geminate recombination is the dominating loss mechanism in these devices. Numerical drift‐diffusion simulations reproduce the experimental observations showing that charge carrier extraction is more efficient if charge carriers are generated close to the contact collecting the less mobile charge carrier type. Furthermore, this effect can explain the dependence of the internal quantum efficiency measured at short circuit on wavelength and implies that the spectral mismatch for a given solar simulator and device depends on the applied voltage.