gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drill Hole Orientation: Its Role and Importance on the Compression Response of Pure Magnesium (2020)

Drilling is used in creating cylindrical through-holes for various applications. While optimizing drilling parameters is widespread, the effect of a drilled through-hole on the structural stability of components is not fully documented. The base material, along with other parameters, such as drill diameter, drill location and its orientation affect structural stability. Since carrying out tests on different base materials can be time consuming, simulation software can instead be used to provide valuable information. However, the comparison between experiments and simulations gets difficult; hence, this study attempts to provide a basis for effective comparison by studying simulations and compression tests, comparing the two, and documenting the role of drill hole orientation on the compressive response of magnesium, a material with immense potential in light-weight components. Simulations and experiments were carried out on three through-hole orientations and were compared to the undrilled scenario. Results demonstrate significant differences in compression behaviour. While the compressive yield strength increased in all three drill orientations, ultimate strength and ductility was reduced in horizontal and angular drill hole orientations. These observations, therefore, provide valuable insight into choosing the right orientation for different applications.
[Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis]. (2014)

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system and considered one of the leading causes of disability in young adults. The precise cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown, although the current evidence points towards a combination of genetic and environmental factors leading to an autoimmune response that promotes neuronal degeneration. In this review, we will describe the association between the immune response and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.
Lysophoshatidic acid regulation of cell surface-associated proteases (2008)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potential biomarker of ovarian cancer and is thought to promote early stages of cancer progression through the stimulation of two cell surface associated proteases.The affects of LPA on the expression and cell surface association of two proteolytic enzymes associated with ovarian cancer progression, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), were analyzed.Both MMP-9 and uPA have been linked with cancer cell invasion due to their proteolytic activity.The cell surface association and activation of MMP-9 is a chief mechanism by which cells invade collagen rich barriers, whereas the increased binding of uPA to its cell surface receptor promotes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin which also promotes cell invasion.LPA was shown to increase the expression of the MMP-9 protease in a concentration dependent manner in both OVCA 429 and OVCA 433 ovarian cancer cell cultures at concentrations well below those normally found in ascites fluids ( 1 M).LPA treatment (80 M) showed as much as a 3.5 fold increase in MMP-9 expression.Further, LPA treatment increased the expression of MMP-9 over MMP-2 in conditioned media of both OVCA 429 and OVCA 433 cells.Stimulation of uPA activity was also shown in culture medium but required the elevated concentrations ( 20 M) often found in the ascites of ovarian cancer patients.Inhibitor studies showed that inhibition of PI-3K signaling (most evidently in OVCA 433 cells) and p38 MAPK (namely in OVCA 429 cells) repressed LPA stimulation of MMP-9 expression in a dose-dependent fashion.Future studies involving matrigel invasion assays will evaluate the functional consequence of LPA-stimulated MMP-9 expression and enhanced cell surface proteolysis on ovarian cancer cell invasive activity.
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Evaluation with CT, MR Imaging, and PET (2004)

Imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Computed tomography is the primary imaging modality used for the diagnosis and staging of MPM. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and, more recently, positron emission tomography (PET) have emerged as modalities that can provide additional important diagnostic and prognostic information to help further delineate the extent of disease, especially in surgical candidates. Use of MR imaging performed with different pulse sequences and gadolinium-based contrast material can improve the detection of tumor extension, especially to the chest wall and diaphragm. PET can provide both anatomic and metabolic information, especially in cases of extrathoracic and mediastinal nodal metastasis. Each imaging modality has its advantages and limitations, but their combined use is crucial in determining the most appropriate treatment options for patients with MPM.
On coherence and emitted acoustic energy of marine seismic sources (2014)

We address how the vertically emitted acoustic energy of marine seismic sources varies if the source elements are not synchronized. In particular, we discuss how different design alternatives to the conventional single-depth peaktuned airgun array affect the strength of the emitted energy spectrum. For the completely incoherent case, the total vertically emitted energy of a typical 18-element array is only about 7% compared with that of a fully coherent array. This is important because firing the guns individually will result in lower SNR in the received seismic data.
Nickel-based Alloy, UNS N06845, with Superior Localized Corrosion Resistance for Sour Environment (2018)

Abstract Advanced material of nickel-based alloy for Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) has been developed in order to be usefully applied to sour condition and seawater injection well. At oil and gas services, injection of medium such as seawater, carbon dioxide and wet gas to well makes oil and gas be retrieved. These medium, however, causes deterioration of the corrosion environment. Hence, these conditions may require the usage of superior corrosion resistant alloy. The UNS a No. of the material is N06845. The chemical composition of the one is 22wt.%Cr-45wt.%Ni-6wt.%Mo with tungsten, copper and nitrogen. The material type of the alloy complies with the condition for type 4d of nickel based alloy in ISO15156-3. The strength of the material is enhanced by alloying nitrogen and cold working so that it can be achieved to 125ksi of yield strength. The developed alloy has exhibited equivalent stress corrosion cracking resistance in severe sour condition to conventional UNS N06255 (25wt.%Cr-50wt.%Ni-6wt.%Mo) with 125ksi grade. The alloying tungsten and copper advances the corrosion resistance of the material because effective corrosion products form at the surface of the metal under the sour condition. In addition to that, alloying tungsten and nitrogen as well as chromium and molybdenum improves the pitting and crevice corrosion resistance. The PREW (Pitting Resistance Equivalent number with tungsten(W); %Cr +3.3*(%Mo +0.5*%W) +16*%N) of this alloy achieves more than 50.
UNSTEADY NATURAL CONVECTION IN OPEN‐ENDED VERTICAL CONCENTRIC ANNULI (1992)

A finite‐difference scheme is developed for solving the boundary layer equations governing the unsteady laminar free convection flow in open ended vertical concentric annuli. The initial condition considered for the creation of the thermal transient corresponds to a step change in temperature at the inner annulus boundary while the outer wall is maintained adiabatic. Numerical results for a fluid of Pr = 0.7 in an annulus of radius ratio 0.5 are presented. The results show the developing velocity and pressure fields with respect to space and time. Also, the important relationship between the annulus height and the induced flow rate is presented for various values of the time parameter starting from quiescence to the final steady state.
Multiple pulse NMR in rotating solids (1984)

An analysis of magic angle sample spinning (MASS) and multiple pulse/MASS NMR experiments is presented. The approach relies on an examination of magnetization vectors of individual crystallites during the experiments, and is similar in spirit to the vector model employed in liquid state spectroscopy. Many features of MASS and multiple pulse/MASS experiments can be understood with this approach. For instance, it is easy to illustrate that vectors from the spin packets refocus once every rotor cycle leading to the formation of rotational echo trains. Furthermore, an examination of the magnetization’s path during a rotor cycle suggests a method to generate spin echoes in a rotating sample which involves two π pulses separated by a rotor period TR. A similar analysis leads to an explanation of the four pulse cycle used to suppress sidebands in MASS spectra (the so-called TOSS experiment) and to multiple π-pulse trains which generate echoes every second through fifth rotor period. In addition, it is shown that the rotor frequency lines which appear in multiple pulse/MASS arise because of errors in the multiple pulse train. Finally, when the cycle time in chemical shift scaling experiments becomes comparable to the rotor period, then distorted powder patterns and sideband patterns with a spacing ‖2νR−νSC‖ are observed, where νR and νSC are the rotation and scaling frequencies, respectively. The origin of these powder and sideband patterns is explained.
ChemInform Abstract: MICROBIOLOGICAL HYDROXYLATION OF STEROIDS PART 7, THE PATTERN OF DIHYDROXYLATION OF MONO‐OXO‐5ALPHA‐ANDROSTANES AND ‐5ALPHA‐ESTRANES WITH THE FUNGUS RHIZOPUS NIGRICANS (1973)

Abstract 2‐, 3‐, 16′und 17‐Monoketosteroide bilden mit R. nigricans vor allem Dihydroxyketone, wobei die Richtung der Hydroxylierung von der Lage der Carbonylgruppe des Ausgangssteroids abhängt.
Chemotherapy and signaling (2010)

In recent years, oncologists have begun to conclude that chemotherapy has reached a plateau of efficacy as a primary treatment modality, even if toxicity can be effectively controlled. Emerging specific inhibitors of signaling and metabolic pathways (i.e., targeted agents) contrast with traditional chemotherapy drugs in that the latter primarily interfere with the DNA biosynthesis and the cell replication machinery. In an attempt to improve on the efficacy, combination of targeted drugs with conventional chemotherapeutics has become a routine way of testing multiple new agents in early phase clinical trials. This review discusses the recent advances including integrative systematic biology and RNAi approaches to counteract the chemotherapy resistance and to buttress the selectivity, efficacy and personalization of anti-cancer drug therapy.
A New Definition of Attached Gingiva Around Teeth and Implants in Healthy and Diseased Sites (2021)

There is a need to modify the definition of attached gingiva (AG) as it applies to healthy and diseased teeth and implants. There are two parts to this new definition: Part A is when the biologic width is supracrestal (epithelial attachment and gingival fibers) and is attached to a healthy tooth or tissue-level implant, and the zone of AG is measured from the base of the sulcus to the mucogingival junction (MGJ); Part B is when the biologic width is subcrestal-as with infrabony defects on periodontally involved teeth, periodontally involved tissue-level implants, and bone-level implants placed at or below the bone crest-and the zone of AG is measured from the bone crest (not the base of the sulcus) to the MGJ. Further, what the AG is actually attached to around teeth and different types of implants, and the clinical significance of these differences, are thoroughly discussed.
Additional file 2: Table S2. of Small RNA profiles in soybean primary root tips under water deficit (2016)

The normalized abundances of miRNA families in control and water-stressed roots tips of soybean. (XLSX 36.2 kb)
Multimodal analytics to study collaborative problem solving in pair programming (2016)

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is seen as a key skill in K-12 education---in computer science as well as other subjects. Efforts to introduce children to computing rely on pair programming as a way of having young learners engage in CPS. Characteristics of quality collaboration are joint exploring or understanding, joint representation, and joint execution. We present a data driven approach to assessing and elucidating collaboration through modeling of multimodal student behavior and performance data.
Human Adrenomedullin Gene Delivery Protects Against Cardiac Hypertrophy, Fibrosis and Renal Damage in Hypertensive Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats (2000)

73 Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent vasodilator expressed in tissues relevant to cardiac and renal functions. Our previous study showed that delivery of the human AM gene in the form of naked DNA caused a prolonged reduction of blood pressure in genetically hypertensive rats. In this study, we evaluated potential protective effects of adenovirus-mediated AM gene delivery in salt-induced cardiorenal lesions in hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. Adenovirus carrying the human AM cDNA under the control of cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer (Ad.CMV-hAM) was generated by homologous recombination. Expression of recombinant human AM was detected in the media of HEK 293A cells transfected with Ad.CMV-hAM. A single intravenous injection of Ad.CMV-hAM caused a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure for 4 weeks in DSS rats compared to control rats with or without injection of adenovirus carrying the green fluorescent protein gene. AM gene delivery significantly reduced left ventricular mass, urinary protein, and increased cAMP levels, as well as enhanced renal function as evidenced by increases in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Morphological investigations showed that AM gene transfer reduced cardiomyocyte diameter and interstitial fibrosis in the heart as well as reduced glomerular sclerosis, tubular disruption and protein cast accumulation in the kidney. Expression of human AM mRNA was identified in rat heart, kidney, lung, liver and aorta, and immunoreactive human AM levels was measured in rat plasma and urine. These results indicate that human AM gene delivery protects against salt-induced hypertension, cardiac and renal lesions in DSS rats via activation of cAMP as a second messenger. These findings provide new insights into the role of AM in salt-induced hypertension and may have implications in therapeutic applications to salt-related cardiovascular and renal diseases.
Searching QTL by gene expression: analysis of diabesity (2005)

Transcription-based data mining of genes in QTL-limited intervals followed by efficient quantitative PCR methods is an effective strategy for identifying genes that may contribute to complex pathophysiological processes.
Contaminant-Contamination-Contaminé - l’exemple des relations alimentation, santé, environnement et énergie dans les villages du Nunavik (2022)

International audience
Reduced histone deacetylase 7 activity restores function to misfolded CFTR in cystic fibrosis (2020)

Chemical modulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity by HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) is an increasingly important approach to modify the etiology of human disease. Loss-of-function diseases arise as a consequence of protein misfolding and degradation leading to system failures. The ΔF508 mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) results in the absence of the cell surface chloride channel and a loss of airway hydration, leading to premature lung failure and reduced lifespan responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF). We now show that the HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) restores surface channel activity in human primary airway epithelia to levels that are 28% of wild-type CFTR. Biological silencing of all known class I and II HDACs reveals that HDAC7 plays a central role in restoration of ΔF508 function. We suggest that the tunable capacity of HDACs can be manipulated by chemical biology to counter the onset of CF and other human misfolding disorders.
The effect of giant lateral collapses on magma pathways and the location of volcanism (2018)

Abstract Flank instability and lateral collapse are recurrent processes during the structural evolution of volcanic edifices, and they affect and are affected by magmatic activity. It is known that dyke intrusions have the potential to destabilise the flanks of a volcano, and that lateral collapses may change the style of volcanism and the arrangement of shallow dykes. However, the effect of a large lateral collapse on the location of a new eruptive centre remains unclear. Here, we use a numerical approach to simulate the pathways of magmatic intrusions underneath the volcanic edifice, after the stress redistribution resulting from a large lateral collapse. Our simulations are quantitatively validated against the observations at Fogo volcano, Cabo Verde. The results reveal that a lateral collapse can trigger a significant deflection of deep magma pathways in the crust, favouring the formation of a new eruptive centre within the collapse embayment. Our results have implications for the long-term evolution of intraplate volcanic ocean islands.
Superoxide anion is generated selectively by endothelin‐1 in resistance vessels and enhances their contractility (2007)

Reactive oxygen spice (ROS) and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) contribute to angiotensin‐induced hypertension. We used isolated mesenteric resistance arteries (MRAs) from EC‐SOD knockout (−/ −) mice (n=10) and EC‐SOD wild type (+/+) mice (n=10), as a model to investigate the hypothesis that microvascular ET‐1 and superoxide anion (O 2 .− ) interact to enhance contractility. Tension and O 2 .− were quantitated in real time in dihydroethidium (DHE)‐ loaded MRAs in a myograph equipped with a dual‐emission photon detection fluorescence system to measure ethidium (Eth):DHE ratio (E/D) as a direct readout of O 2 .− activity. Phenylephrine‐induced contractions were similar in MRAs from both groups and did not change E/D ratio. However, ET‐1 induced contractions were significantly increased in −/ − mice (100±3% vs 66±5%, p&lt;0.01) and were accompanied by a selective increased in E/D ratio only in ECSOD−/− mice (3.7±0.5 vs 0.5±0.8, p&lt;0.01). PEG‐SOD normalized augmented ET‐1 contraction (64 ± 4% vs 71 ± 3%; p=ns) and prevent an increase in E/D ratio in MRAs from −/− (0.6±0.5 vs 0.5 ±0.8, p=ns). In summary, ET‐1 generates microvascular O 2 .− that enhances its vasoconstrictive action. This is normally prevented by vascular metabolism of O 2 .− by EC‐SOD which therefore emerges as a major microvascular defense against ROS and vasoconstriction and a potential therapeutically target.
Development of a small single-ring OpenPET prototype with a novel transformable architecture (2016)

The single-ring OpenPET (SROP), for which the detector arrangement has a cylinder shape cut by two parallel planes at a slant angle to form an open space, is our original proposal for in-beam PET. In this study, we developed a small prototype of an axial-shift type SROP (AS-SROP) with a novel transformable architecture for a proof-of-concept. In the AS-SROP, detectors originally forming a cylindrical PET are axially shifted little by little. We designed the small AS-SROP prototype for 4-layer depth-of-interaction detectors arranged in a ring diameter of 250 mm. The prototype had two modes: open and closed. The open mode formed the SROP with the open space of 139 mm and the closed mode formed a conventional cylindrical PET. The detectors were simultaneously moved by a rotation handle allowing them to be transformed between the two modes. We evaluated the basic performance of the developed prototype and carried out in-beam imaging tests in the HIMAC using (11)C radioactive beam irradiation. As a result, we found the open mode enabled in-beam PET imaging at a slight cost of imaging performance; the spatial resolution and sensitivity were 2.6 mm and 5.1% for the open mode and 2.1 mm and 7.3% for the closed mode. We concluded that the AS-SROP can minimize the decrease of resolution and sensitivity, for example, by transforming into the closed mode immediately after the irradiation while maintaining the open space only for the in-beam PET measurement.
A direct role of the homeodomain proteins Phox2a/2b in noradrenaline neurotransmitter identity determination (2002)

Development of noraderenergic (NA) neurons in the vertebrate brain is dependent on the homeodomain proteins Phox2a and 2b. Here, we show that Phox2a directly controls the NA identity by activating NA-synthesizing dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH ) gene. Single point mutations in the homeodomain of Phox2a resulted in a failure to transactivate the DBH promoter in vitro and resulted in the loss of NA neurons in vivo. In addition, injection of Phox2a-specific antisense oligonucleotide induced the loss of NA neurons in developing zebrafish. Phox2a and 2b activate the DBH promoter and bind to three domains (PBD1-3). PBD1 is composed of two overlapping sites with which monomers of Phox2a can interact. In contrast, PBD2 and 3 interact with the dimeric form of Phox2a. Mutations in three or four, but not one or two, of the binding sites completely abolished activation of the DBH promoter by Phox2a or 2b, while the conversion of PBD3 to a consensus motif (ATTA) improved the DBH promoter activity by > 10-fold. Taken together, these findings establish that Phox2a and 2b control the development of NA neurons in part by directly transactivating DBH transcription through interactions with four binding sites clustered in the proximal promoter.
Increased stomach cancer risk following radiotherapy for testicular cancer (2014)

Radiotherapy for TC involving parts of the stomach increased gastric cancer risk for several decades, with the highest risks after stomach doses of ⩾30 Gy. Clinicians should be aware of these excesses when previously irradiated TC survivors present with gastrointestinal symptoms and when any radiotherapy is considered in newly diagnosed TC patients.
Sustainable Innovations Electrochemical Technologies (2015)

We live in a world that demands innovation. There is no way forward without a different way of thinking and doing. Companies cannot sustain themselves, and the world cannot sustain us by conducting business as usual. It’s time to become smarter about the way we do things. Sustainable Innovations has developed a low-cost, fluids-flexible, scalable electrochemical platform based on the proton pumping capability of cation exchange membranes to meet near-term and emerging market needs. Sustainable Innovations’ products serve global, high-value applications including: Hydrogen for industrial use, energy, and vehicle fueling; energy storage (regenerative fuel cells); and recycling CO 2 into high-value fuels and chemicals. This paper discusses the key features of the common electrochemical platform as well as important differences in the hardware design elements and electrochemistry associated with each of these specific products that leads to important cost and performance benefits for end-users.