gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ X-Ray Diffraction during Lithium Extraction from Rhombohedral and Monoclinic Li[sub 3]V[sub 2](PO[sub 4])[sub 3] (2003)

A comparative in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of phase transitions and volume variations that occur during lithium extraction from the rhombohedral and monoclinic forms of is presented. For this purpose, a new in situ XRD cell configuration was designed that enabled us to extract lithium at high voltages (up to 4.65 V vs. Li) without cell deterioration. A thin film of aluminum was deposited onto the surface of a beryllium window as a protective layer to avoid direct electronic contact with the positive electrode. Lithium extraction from NaSICON (R-3, led to NaSICON (R-3c, isotypical with in a single two-phase process. Monoclinic showed a much more complicated series of four successive two-phase transitions on Li extraction to between 3.4 and 4.6 V vs. Li. Each pattern of the intermediate compositions was fully indexed in the monoclinic space group with a unit-cell contraction of between and and a slight increase upon further oxidation to Despite these numerous phase transitions and non-negligible volume changes, the monoclinic system is structurally highly reversible. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sentiment Visualisation Widgets for Exploratory Search (2016)

This paper proposes the usage of \emph{visualisation widgets} for exploratory search with \emph{sentiment} as a facet. Starting from specific design goals for depiction of ambivalence in sentiment, two visualization widgets were implemented: \emph{scatter plot} and \emph{parallel coordinates}. Those widgets were evaluated against a text baseline in a small-scale usability study with exploratory tasks using Wikipedia as dataset. The study results indicate that users spend more time browsing with scatter plots in a positive way. A post-hoc analysis of individual differences in behavior revealed that when considering two types of users, \emph{explorers} and \emph{achievers}, engagement with scatter plots is positive and significantly greater \textit{when users are explorers}. We discuss the implications of these findings for sentiment-based exploratory search and personalised user interfaces.
Application of partial differential equation‐based inpainting on sensitivity maps (2005)

Inpainting is an image interpolation method. Partial differential equation (PDE)-based digital inpainting techniques are finding broad applications. In this paper, PDE-based inpainting techniques are applied to the field of MR parallel imaging. A novel model and its corresponding numerical method are introduced. This model is then applied to sensitivity maps. Coil sensitivity maps are important for parallel imaging, and they often require extrapolation and hole filling (holes being dark regions of low signal in MR images). These problems can be solved simultaneously by the application of inpainting techniques. Experiments for determining coil sensitivity maps for phantoms and cardiac MR images demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model. Images generated using sensitivity encoding (SENSE) that utilizes inpainted sensitivity maps, thin-plate spline (TPS) estimated sensitivity maps, and Gaussian kernel smoothed (GKS) sensitivity maps are compared. From the experimental results, it can be seen that inpainted sensitivity maps produce better results than GKS sensitivity maps. The TPS method generates results similar to those of the inpainting technique but is much more time-consuming.
The underwater noise of rain (1989)

Numerous data on the spectra of underwater noise due to natural as well as artificial rain show a prominent and characteristic peak at a frequency around 14 kHz. It is argued that this acoustic emission is due to bubbles entrained in the liquid by the impact of raindrops. The mechanics of the entrainment is such that only drops in a narrowly defined size range have a high probability of entraining bubbles. The narrowness of this size range may explain why the 14‐kHz peak is so ubiquitous and well defined.
Antiretroviral medications disrupt microglial phagocytosis of β-amyloid and increase its production by neurons: Implications for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (2011)

Up to 50% of long-term HIV infected patients, including those with systemically well-controlled infection, commonly experience memory problems and slowness, difficulties in concentration, planning, and multitasking. Deposition of Aβ plaques is also a common pathological feature of HIV infection. However, it is not clear whether this accumulation is due to AD-like processes, HIV-associated immunosuppression, Tat protein-induced Aβ elevations, and/or the effects of single highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here we evaluated the effects of several ART medications (Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Indinavir, and Abacavir) alone and in combination on: 1) Aβ1-40, 42 generation in murine N2a cells transfected with the human "Swedish" mutant form of APP; 2) microglial phagocytosis of FITC-Aβ1-42 peptides in cultured murine N9 microglia. We report for the first time that these antiretroviral compounds (10 μM) generally increase Aβ generation (~50-200%) in SweAPP N2a cells and markedly inhibit microglial phagocytosis of FITC-Aβ1-42 peptides in murine microglia. The most significant amyloidogenic effects were observed with combined ART (p < 0.05); suggesting certain ART medications may have additive amyloidogenic effects when combined. As these antiretroviral compounds are capable of penetrating the blood brain barrier and reaching the concentrations employed in the in vitro studies, these findings raise the possibility that ART may play a casual role in the elevated Aβ found in the brains of those infected with HIV. Therefore these compounds may consequently contribute to cognitive decline observed in HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).
Abstract 5197: Quantitative phosphorproteomics identified GPER-initiated PKA signal transduction event in breast cancer stem cell (2012)

Abstract Human breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) identified recently have the ability to initiate neoplastic growth with differentiation and display higher resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The allure of targeting this specific group of cells to reduce mortality of disease has attracted research efforts toward BCSC. Although some unique properties of BCSC have been deciphered, the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we applied in-house developed techniques to quantitatively compare the phosphoproteomic profiles between BCSC and non-cancer stem cells (nonCSC) derived from a xenograft of human breast cancer. For quantitative analysis, we utilized a SEMI-strategy for multiplexed label-free quantitation combining pH/acid-controlled IMAC chromatography and LC-MS/MS for relative quantitation of site-specific phosphorylation. This strategy effectively increases the phosphopeptide quantitation coverage. The differentially expressed phosphoproteins were mapped to multiple signaling pathways including NOTCH, CDK/ERK and JAK-STAT pathways, which potentially orchestrate the self renewal and stemness of BCSC. We also demonstrated ∼2 fold greater expression of GPER in BCSC than non-BCSC population, and GPER signaling could induce PKA-mediated phosphorylation of BAD in BCSC. Silencing of GPER via RNAi or mutation of phosphorylation sites of BAD led to reduced proliferation to 40.8 and 53.2 % of control, respectively, and the RNAi silencing of GPER decreased the mammosphere formation of BCSC to 43.5 % of control. These findings implies the importance of GPER and its downstream PKA pathway to the maintenance of stemness characteristics of BCSC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5197. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5197
SearchTogether (2007)

Studies of search habits reveal that people engage in many search tasks involving collaboration with others, such as travel planning, organizing social events, or working on a homework assignment. However, current Web search tools are designed for a single user, working alone. We introduce SearchTogether, a prototype that enables groups of remote users to synchronously or asynchronously collaborate when searching the Web. We describe an example usage scenario, and discuss the ways SearchTogether facilitates collaboration by supporting awareness, division of labor, and persistence. We then discuss the findings of our evaluation of SearchTogether, analyzing which aspects of its design enabled successful collaboration among study participants.
Heme Interferes With Complement Factor I-Dependent Regulation by Enhancing Alternative Pathway Activation (2022)

Hemolysis, as a result of disease or exposure to biomaterials, is characterized by excess amounts of cell-free heme intravascularly and consumption of the protective heme-scavenger proteins in plasma. The liberation of heme has been linked to the activation of inflammatory systems, including the complement system, through alternative pathway activation. Here, we investigated the impact of heme on the regulatory function of the complement system. Heme dose-dependently inhibited factor I-mediated degradation of soluble and surface-bound C3b, when incubated in plasma or buffer with complement regulatory proteins. Inhibition occurred with factor H and soluble complement receptor 1 as co-factors, and the mechanism was linked to the direct heme-interaction with factor I. The heme-scavenger protein hemopexin was the main contaminant in purified factor I preparations. This led us to identify that hemopexin formed a complex with factor I in normal human plasma. These complexes were significantly reduced during acute vasoocclusive pain crisis in patients with sickle cell disease, but the complexes were normalized at their baseline outpatient clinic visit. Hemopexin exposed a protective function of factor I activity <i>in vitro</i>, but only when it was present before the addition of heme. In conclusion, we present a mechanistic explanation of how heme promotes uncontrolled complement alternative pathway amplification by interfering with the regulatory capacity of factor I. Reduced levels of hemopexin and hemopexin-factor I complexes during an acute hemolytic crisis is a risk factor for heme-mediated factor I inhibition.
Development of magnetic cores using commercial amorphous thin film for high voltage applications (2013)

A large toroidal magnetic core for high voltage applications is developed. The toroidal magnetic cores are laminated with amorphous metal films insulated with polyimide film. For easy realization we used METGLAS 2605SA1 amorphous film which is widely used in power distribution transformer industry. We tested the small scaled magnetic cores in pulse condition. Based on these results, we made large toroidal magnetic cores and designed an induction voltage adder with three cells.
IKOMA at TAC2010: Textual Entailment System using Local-Novelty Detection. (2010)

This paper reports the Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) system that our ‘IKOMA team ’ developed at TAC 2010. We implemented a new method that identifies entailment sentences using local-novelty detection. This method determines whether a Hypothesis (H) is local-novel. ‘H is local-novel ’ means that H is the new information first appeared in TH, and TH denotes the text (T) that entails H. If H is local-novel, the T that was published before TH can be recognized as no entailment. The experimental results show that this method detects T that does not entail H correctly without setting similarity threshold to be high, and raises precision as minimizing the decline of recall. 1.
New blind deflation-based deconvolution algorithms using givens and shear rotations (2017)

In this paper, the problem of blind equalization and source separation of convolutive Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system is solved using Givens/Shear rotations. Targeting the Multi-Modulus (MM) signals and exploiting the second-order decorrelation among the transmitting sources, two efficient Givens Muti-Modulus (G-MMDDA) and Hyperbolic Givens (HG-MMDDA) Deconvolution algorithms are proposed for the first time. These solutions can be seen as extensions of the blind source separation MM-based method by Shah et al (2015) to the more general case of blind deconvolution for memory MIMO channels. The resulting algorithms are quite appealing as they combine both a good speed of convergence with low computational complexity.
A Unique Organization of the Protein Subunits of the DNA Polymerase Clamp Loader in the Archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ΔH (2000)

Replication factor C (RFC, also called activator 1), in conjunction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), is responsible for processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by the eukaryotic replicative DNA polymerases delta and epsilon. Here we report the isolation and characterization of homologues of RFC and PCNA from the archaeon, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum DeltaH. In contrast to the five subunit RFC complex isolated from eukaryotic cells, the mthRFC contains only two subunits. The two genes encoding the RFC subunits called, mthRFC1 and mthRFC3, were cloned, and the proteins (54.4 and 36.8 kDa, respectively) were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified individually and as a complex. The gene encoding PCNA was also cloned, and the protein was purified after overexpression in E. coli. Based on sizing column elution and subunit composition, the mthRFC complex appears to be a hexamer consisting of two mthRFC1 protomers and four mthRFC3 protomers. Although mthRFC differs in organization from its eukaryotic counterpart, it was shown to be functionally similar to eukaryotic RFC in: (i) catalyzing DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis; (ii) binding preferentially to DNA primer ends; (iii) loading mthPCNA onto singly nicked circular DNA; and (iv) supporting mthPolB-catalyzed PCNA-dependent DNA chain elongation. The importance and roles of RFC and PCNA in M. thermoautotrophicum DeltaH replication are discussed.
A Sparse Neural Network-Based Power Adaptive DPD Design and Its Hardware Implementation (2022)

In this paper, an efficient neural-network-based adaptive DPD design which performs well under power varying conditions is presented. The DPD design is derived on the basis of the envelop time-delay neural network (ETDNN). The redefined ETDNN-DPD requires the part of parameter updates, which enables to adapt it to the rapid change of power amplifier (PA) distortion. Additionally, the redefined ETDNN-DPD also maintains the stability of the compensation performances under varying power condition while its structure is pruned by the structured pruning. Furthermore, to verify its practical use, we also propose the weight scaling technique, which reduces multiplications of the redefined ETDNN-DPD, and applied it to the implementation of the redefined ETDNN-DPD on FPGA. Compared FPGA-implemented ETDNN-DPD with FPGA-implemented conventional memory polynomial DPD, we verified that our proposed DPD achieved 3.2 dB better error vector magnitude (EVM) while lower hardware resource utilization at the fixed power level. Moreover, our proposed DPD kept better performance under the varying power condition only by the partial update of its parameters than memory polynomial DPD.
Biomarkers to predict disease progression and therapeutic response in isolated methylmalonic acidemia (2023)

Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA) is a heterogenous group of inborn errors of metabolism caused by a defect in the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT) enzyme or the synthesis and transport of its cofactor, 5'-deoxy-adenosylcobalamin. It is characterized by life-threatening episodes of ketoacidosis, chronic kidney disease, and other multiorgan complications. Liver transplantation can improve patient stability and survival and thus provides clinical and biochemical benchmarks for the development of hepatocyte-targeted genomic therapies. Data are presented from a US natural history protocol that evaluated subjects with different types of MMA including mut-type (N = 91), cblB-type (15), and cblA-type MMA (17), as well as from an Italian cohort of mut-type (N = 19) and cblB-type MMA (N = 2) subjects, including data before and after organ transplantation in both cohorts. Canonical metabolic markers, such as serum methylmalonic acid and propionylcarnitine, are variable and affected by dietary intake and renal function. We have therefore explored the use of the 1-<sup>13</sup> C-propionate oxidation breath test (POBT) to measure metabolic capacity and the changes in circulating proteins to assess mitochondrial dysfunction (fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF21] and growth differentiation factor 15 [GDF15]) and kidney injury (lipocalin-2 [LCN2]). Biomarker concentrations are higher in patients with the severe mut<sup>0</sup> -type and cblB-type MMA, correlate with a decreased POBT, and show a significant response postliver transplant. Additional circulating and imaging markers to assess disease burden are necessary to monitor disease progression. A combination of biomarkers reflecting disease severity and multisystem involvement will be needed to help stratify patients for clinical trials and assess the efficacy of new therapies for MMA.
Relational division: four algorithms and their performance (2003)

Three known algorithms for relational division, the algebra operator used to express universal quantification (for-all conditions) and an algorithm called hash-division are outlined. By comparing the algorithms analytically and experimentally, it is shown that the algorithm provides performance competitive with or superior to that of techniques used to date, namely techniques using sorting or aggregate functions. Furthermore, the algorithm can eliminate duplicates in the divisor on the fly, ignores duplicates in the dividend, and allows two kinds of partitioning, either of which can be used to resolve hash table overflow or to efficiently implement the algorithm on a multiprocessor system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pixel-planes 5: A Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Graphics System Using Processor-Enhanced Memories (2023)

This paper introduces the architecture and initial algorithms for Pixel-Planes 5, a heterogeneous multi-computer designed both for high-speed polygon and sphere rendering (1M Phong-shaded triangles/second) and for supporting algorithm and application research in interactive 3D graphics. Techniques are described for volume rendering at multiple frames per second, font generation directly from conic spline descriptions, and rapid calculation of radiosity form-factors. The hardware consists of up to 32 math-oriented processors, up to 16 rendering units, and a conventional 1280 × 1024-pixel frame buffer, interconnected by a 5 gigabit ring network. Each rendering unit consists of a 128 × 128-pixel array of processors-with-memory with parallel quadratic expression evaluation for every pixel. Implemented on 1.6 micron CMOS chips designed to run at 40MHz, this array has 208 bits/pixel on-chip and is connected to a video RAM memory system that provides 4,096 bits of off-chip memory. Rendering units can be independently reasigned to any part of the screen or to non-screen-oriented computation. As of April 1989, both hardware and software are still under construction, with initial system operation scheduled for fall 1989.
Flattened Butterfly Topology for On-Chip Networks (2007)

With the trend towards increasing number of cores in a multicore processors, the on-chip network that connects the cores needs to scale efficiently. In this work, we propose the use of high-radix networks in on-chip networks and describe how the flattened butterfly topology can be mapped to on-chip networks. By using high-radix routers to reduce the diameter of the network, the flattened butterfly offers lower latency and energy consumption than conventional on-chip topologies. In addition, by properly using bypass channels in the flattened butterfly network, non-minimal routing can be employed without increasing latency or the energy consumption.
Investigation of a Superluminal Ring Laser using Double-Raman Gain (2013)

We show how a dual-peak gain produced via optical pumping and non-degenerate Raman pumps in a single vapor cell can be used to realize a superluminal ring laser with enhanced sensitivity for gyroscopy and accelerometry.
Optical properties of lanthanide-doped RbTiOAsO{sub 4} and transition metal-doped KTiOPO{sub 4} (1993)

We have synthesized derivatives of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) and rubidium titanyl (RTA) where Ti has been replaced by transition metal or lanthanide ions, and K, Ti, P or O has laced by aliovalent counterions. Up to 5 mol % lanthanide ion can be substituted onto the Ti and 100 mol % substitution of other transition metals onto the Ti sites in KTP can be made. The visible spectra of these doped KTP phases are characteristic of the dopant ions, with sharp, narrow transitions resulting from lanthanide substitution and broader absorptions from transition-metal dopants. Powder second harmonic generation (SHG) intensities diminish with increased dopant concentration. Decreases in SHG intensities parallel those seen in previously studied systems. The choice of counterion substantially impacts some dopant solubilities, but generally affects SHG intensity and visible spectrum to a lesser degree. Single crystals doped with Er{sup 3+}, Fe{sup 3+} and Co{sup 2+} have linear absorption coefficients in the range of 1 to 5 cm{sup {minus}1}. Changes in noncritical phase matching wavelength due to anomalous dispersion are calculated to be less than 1 nm at the dopant levels tested.
Soliton squeezing in asymmetric and symmetric fiber Mach-Zehnder nonlinear interferometers (2002)

Summary form only given. Several schemes to generate squeezed light by use of the Kerr nonlinearity in optical fibers have been devised. The most recent experiments used asymmetric Sagnac loops to produce amplitude squeezing. In our experiment the Sagnac geometry is "unfolded" into a Mach-Zehnder, wherein the two arms of the interferometer correspond to the polarization modes of a single-mode PM fiber. This setup allows us to switch from an asymmetric to a symmetric interferometer, and gives us full control of the phase and amplitude of the two interfering pulses. With these degrees of freedom, we are able to maximize noise reduction and perform a full measurement of the noise properties of the soliton squeezed pulses.
A fast stochastic parser for determining phrase boundaries for text-to-speech synthesis (2002)

A stochastic parser is described which creates a phrase structure for a tagged sentence on the basis of statistical information inferred from a manually-bracketed training corpus. The information employed consists of measured probabilities for tag unigrams, symbol bigrams, bracket enclosures, bracket opening and closing, and length distribution. For experimental purposes a tree-search algorithm is used to find the highest-scoring bracketing, and a tree metric is used to measure the accuracy of the results for a test corpus. Finally, a fast algorithm for implementation is based on a finite-state approximation to the tree-search algorithm. Using these procedures, a gross level of syntactic structure is found quickly, with the main aim being that of pause insertion in real-time text-to-speech systems.
Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 Electrodeposition From a Single Bath (2013)

Abstract not Available.