gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Daily and Seasonal Prevalence of the Blow Fly Chrysomya Rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as Revealed by Semiautomatic Trap Collections in Suburban Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand (2018)

Effective control of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a blow fly species of medical and forensic importance, requires information on seasonal prevalence and bionomics. Therefore, daily and seasonal activity patterns of C. rufifacies were studied in 3 locations representing different microhabitats (palm plantation, forested area, longan orchard) in a suburban area of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Investigations were conducted hourly for 24 h using a semi-automatic trap baited with 1–d-old beef offal (300 g). Collections were carried out twice per mo from Jul 2013 to Jun 2014. A total of 55,966 adult C. rufifacies were collected, with 52.4% of individuals trapped in the forested area. Chrysomya rufifacies was present in collections throughout the yr with peak abundance in summer. This species was active during the d with peak activity in late afternoon (3:00 to 6:00 PM). Fly abundance in traps was positively correlated with temperature (r = 0.391; P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with relative humidity (r = −0.388; P < 0.001). Female flies were more abundant in collections (0.26 male per female sex ratio), with 80% of individuals being nongravid. The baseline information provided by our study suggests that C. rufifacies is well-adapted to variable climatic conditions present in northern Thailand, specifically suburban Chiang Mai Province.
Nitrogen blanketing front equilibria in dead end anode fuel cell operation (2011)

This paper investigates the equilibrium behavior during the dead-ended anode (DEA) operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. A reduced order model is developed focusing on the species molar fraction in the anode channel. At equilibrium, hydrogen is present only in a partial region in the anode, and the remaining region is deactivated by the accumulation of water and nitrogen. Simulation results are analysed to study the influences of certain controllable inputs and system parameters on the nitrogen front location and steady-state cell voltage. The simulation results are consistent with the initial experimental observations. The results in this paper suggest that it is possible to coat only the active portion of the membrane, along the channel length, with catalyst.
The SIGN: A dynamic and extensible software framework for Image-Guided Therapy (2006)

The software requirements for computer-aided navigation tools in image-guided therapy are becoming increasingly complex as a result of new possibilities in imaging and tracking hardware, novel application areas and regulatory restrictions. A new software framework has been developed to meet the needs of emerging image-guided procedures and therapies that require multi-modal imaging and tracking. This framework accommodates dynamic data-structures, dynamic input and output interfaces for interventional devices, and dynamic visualization of data. Arbitrary, yet meaningful, connections can be established between these entities in order to implement customized applications that target specific clinical procedures. A series of demonstration applications have been developed in order to emphasize different aspects of the framework, and are presented here.
Soluble TNF receptors prevent apoptosis in infiltrating cells and promote ventricular rupture and remodeling after myocardial infarction (2006)

Both pre- and post-MI treatments with AdTNFR1 were deleterious in a mouse MI model. Thus, TNF-alpha may play not only toxic but also protective roles in MI.
Antidiabetic Effects of Bisamide Derivative of Dicarboxylic Acid in Metabolic Disorders (2020)

In clinical practice, the metabolic syndrome can lead to multiple complications, including diabetes. It remains unclear which component of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, inflammation, hyperglycemia, or insulin resistance) has the strongest inhibitory effect on stem cells involved in beta cell regeneration. This makes it challenging to develop effective treatment options for complications such as diabetes. In our study, experiments were performed on male C57BL/6 mice where metabolic disorders have been introduced experimentally by a combination of streptozotocin-treatment and a high-fat diet. We evaluated the biological effects of Bisamide Derivative of Dicarboxylic Acid (BDDA) and its impact on pancreatic stem cells in vivo. To assess the impact of BDDA, we applied a combination of histological and biochemical methods along with a cytometric analysis of stem cell and progenitor cell markers. We show that in mice with metabolic disorders, BDDA has a positive effect on lipid and glucose metabolism. The pancreatic restoration was associated with a decrease of the inhibitory effects of inflammation and obesity factors on pancreatic stem cells. Our data shows that BDDA increases the number of pancreatic stem cells. Thus, BDDA could be used as a new compound for treating complication of the metabolic syndrome such as diabetes.
The Endogenous Pyrogens in Host-Defense Interactions (1989)

Soluble factors produced by activated macrophages serve to marshal host defenses against infection, injury, or inflammation, but they may also cause chronic inflammation or even lethal shock. Suppressing or enhancing such cytokine functions has important therapeutic potential in, respectively, chronic inflammatory and immunologically deficient states.
Parallel Heterogeneous Reactor Systems for Catalyst Screening (2005)

Parallel approaches (Combinatorial / High Throughput) for testing of heterogeneous catalysts provides significant opportunities for more rapidly evaluating complex catalyst systems. An overview of a number of reported systems for parallel screening has been considered in terms of the extent to which such units approximate the capabilities of conventional reactor set-ups. This has highlighted the challenges of screening large arrays of catalyst samples while maximising the degree and detail to which the performance of the samples can be evaluated.
Most threatening trajectories in a radar coverage area (2009)

In this paper, we will address one key issue for radar load regulation related to dwell priority assignment of Search Domains. Threat Level of search beam position is based on density map of most threatening trajectories (penetration corridors). We studied properties of these trajectories so as to find theoretical results (existence or unicity) and also search algorithm which would be able to compute these trajectories. More particularly, we saw that the classical “shortest path algorithm” get useless when dealing with an additional local geometric constraints (local anisotropy of target Radar Cross Section). We built two sorts of algorithm in order to take this local constraint into account.
Learning to Reconstruct Texture-Less Deformable Surfaces from a Single View (2018)

Recent years have seen the development of mature solutions for reconstructing deformable surfaces from a single image, provided that they are relatively well-textured. By contrast, recovering the 3D shape of texture-less surfaces remains an open problem, and essentially relates to Shape-from-Shading. In this paper, we introduce a data-driven approach to this problem. We introduce a general framework that can predict diverse 3D representations, such as meshes, normals, and depth maps. Our experiments show that meshes are ill-suited to handle texture-less 3D reconstruction in our context. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach generalizes well to unseen objects, and that it yields higher-quality reconstructions than a state-of-the-art SfS technique, particularly in terms of normal estimates. Our reconstructions accurately model the fine details of the surfaces, such as the creases of a T-Shirt worn by a person.
Individually tailored spatial–spectral pulsed CEST MRI for ratiometric mapping of myocardial energetic species at 3T (2023)

The use of SPSP saturation pulsed CEST resulted in PCr-specific contrast generation and enabled ratiometric mapping of PCr to total Cr CEST contrast in the human heart at 3T.
First-principles studies of the structural and electronic properties of the C14 Laves phase XCr2(X = Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta) (2013)

The optimized structures, electronic properties and bonding characteristics of the hexagonal C14 Laves phase XCr2 (X = Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta) have been investigated using first-principles calculations. Our results reveal that the equilibrium formation enthalpies are not depends entirely on the atomic numbers. The total and the partial density of states and valence charge densities of Laves phases are also calculated and applied to reveal the nature of the bonding character in consideration of the different atomic numbers.
Ionospheric bias detection in carrier phase–only ground-based augmentation systems (2015)

This work analyzes the design and performance of a planar ionospheric gradient monitor, based on differential carrier phase-only measurements between the elements of an antenna array. Small ionospheric disturbances are one of the potential threats to aerospace navigation and have to be monitored to prevent an excessive degradation of the position estimates. A carrier phase-based ionospheric gradient monitor enhances bias detection capabilities with respect to monitors that only exploit pseudorange measurements, provided that the ambiguous nature of the phase observations and the measurement error statistics are correctly handled. In this work we introduce a statistical test for detecting small ionospheric gradients, and we derive the analytical expression of the test probability distribution function for single- and two-baseline antenna arrays. A theoretical evaluation of the performance of the ionospheric gradient monitor is provided through inspection of the associated acceptance region, which defines the magnitudes of ionospheric gradient that cannot be detected with given integrity requirements. Due to the integer ambiguity of the carrier-phase measurements, multiple undesirable acceptance regions are produced. We provide a method to reduce the number and size of such regions.
Reusing the H.264/AVC deblocking filter for efficient spatio-temporal prediction in video coding (2011)

The prediction step is a very important part of hybrid video codecs for effectively compressing video sequences. While existing video codecs predict either in temporal or in spatial direction only, the compression efficiency can be increased by a combined spatio-temporal prediction. In this paper we propose an algorithm for reusing the H.264/AVC deblocking filter for spatio-temporal prediction. Reusing this highly op timized filter allows for a very low computational complexity of this prediction mode and an average rate reduction of up to 7.2% can be achieved.
Monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin and to H‐2 inhibit the cross‐reactive cytotoxic T cell populations induced by influenza (1980)

The target antigens recognized by the cross-reactive population of cytotoxic T cells on A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) influenza virus-infected cells was studied with monoclonal antibodies to the H-2k antigen and viral hemagglutinin. The cytotoxic killing of virus-infected cells was differentially inhibited by three monoclonal antibodies to H-2k. Synergistic inhibition of cytotoxic activity was obtained with monoclonal antibodies to H-2 and to some antigenic determinants on the hemagglutinin melecule of A/USSR but not with others. Since target cells infected with other subtypes of influenza A viruses were not inhibited by any of the monoclonal antibodies to A/USSR hemagglutinin, it is suggested that the sites recognized by the cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells were sterically inhibited by the anti-A/USSR monoclonal antibodies. The results suggest that at least one of the target antigens recognized by the cross-reactive population of cytotoxic T cells is located on the hemagglutinin molecule. The present observations are in agreement with cytotoxic T cell recognition of closely situated viral and H-2 determinants.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Organometallic Complexes of 99mTc(CO)3 and Re(CO)3: Its Application to Radiopharmaceuticals (2012)

(99m)Tc-tricarbonyl [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)] complexes have been conventionally synthesized by heating [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)](+) and a tridentate chelating ligand under atmospheric pressure; however, this method is poor in terms of chemical yield and reproducibility. Moreover, since the half-life of (99m)Tc is very short (6 h), the development of facile and rapid methods of synthesizing (99m)Tc-labeled compounds, which could be used as radioactive tracers for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), is required. Thus, we initiated a study on the application of a microwave reaction to the synthesis of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-2-picolylamine monoacetic acid (PAMA) [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)-PAMA] complexes on the basis of the fact that synthesis of metal complexes proceeds rapidly by microwave irradiation owing to an efficient exothermic phenomenon and heat conduction effect. Formation of by-products could be markedly suppressed by comparison with that in conventional methods. In the present study, rhenium (Re), an element belonging to the same group in the periodic table as technetium (Tc), and which also forms bipyramidal complexes, was first used to investigate the synthetic reaction because no stable isotopes exist for Tc. As a result, when water was used as the solvent under the irradiation of microwaves within 1 min, the Re(CO)(3)-PAMA complex could be directly synthesized from ethyl ester of PAMA (PAMAEE) and [Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)]Br in one step and with a high yield (94%). Finally, the (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-PAMA complex was successfully synthesized at a high radiochemical yield (>99%) within 1 min of reaction using (99m)Tc instead of Re under the same conditions.
2011 Dielectric Laser Acceleration Workshop (DLA2011) (2012)

The first ICFA Mini-workshop on Dielectric Laser Accelerators was held on September 15-16, 2011 at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We present the results of the Workshop, and discuss the main conclusions of the Accelerator Applications, Photonics, and Laser Technologies working groups. Over 50 participants from 4 countries participated, discussing the state of the art in photonic structures, laser science, and nanofabrication as it pertains to laser-driven particle acceleration in dielectric structures. Applications of this new and promising acceleration concept to discovery science and industrial, medical, and basic energy sciences were explored. The DLA community is presently focused on making demonstrations of high gradient acceleration and a compatible attosecond injector source - two critical steps towards realizing the potential of this technology.
Practical Capillary Electrophoresis. 2nd Edition By Robert Weinberger (CE Technologies, Inc.). Academic Press:  San Diego and London. 2000. xviii + 462 pp. $99.95. ISBN 0-12-742356-7. (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTPractical Capillary Electrophoresis. 2nd Edition By Robert Weinberger (CE Technologies, Inc.). Academic Press: San Diego and London. 2000. xviii + 462 pp. $99.95. ISBN 0-12-742356-7.Lisa HollandView Author Information Kent State UniversityCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 10, 2468Publication Date (Web):January 16, 2001Publication History Published online16 January 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja004819ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja004819obook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Capillary electrophoresis,Chirality,Chromatography,Electrokinetics,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Diastereoselective Cobalt-Catalyzed Reductive Aldol Cyclizations Using Diethylzinc as the Stoichiometric Reductant (2006)

[reaction: see text] Cobalt catalysis enables a new method for the generation of zinc enolates using diethylzinc to reduce alpha,beta-unsaturated amides. This method has been applied to a high-yielding diastereoselective reductive aldol cyclization.
Rapid incorporation of Favipiravir by the fast and permissive viral RNA polymerase complex results in SARS-CoV-2 lethal mutagenesis (2021)

The ongoing Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emphasized the urgent need for antiviral therapeutics. The viral RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) is a promising target with polymerase inhibitors successfully used for the treatment of several viral diseases. We demonstrate here that Favipiravir predominantly exerts an antiviral effect through lethal mutagenesis. The SARS-CoV RdRp complex is at least 10-fold more active than any other viral RdRp known. It possesses both unusually high nucleotide incorporation rates and higherror rates allowing facile insertion of Favipiravir into viral RNA, provoking C-to-U and G-to-A transitions in the already low cytosine content SARS-CoV-2 genome. The coronavirus RdRp complex represents an Achilles heel for SARS-CoV, supporting nucleoside analogues as promising candidates for the treatment of Covid-19.
FENCE: Feasible Evasion Attacks on Neural Networks in Constrained Environments (2022)

As advances in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) demonstrate unprecedented levels of performance in many critical applications, their vulnerability to attacks is still an open question. We consider evasion attacks at testing time against Deep Learning in constrained environments, in which dependencies between features need to be satisfied. These situations may arise naturally in tabular data or may be the result of feature engineering in specific application domains, such as threat detection in cyber security. We propose a general iterative gradient-based framework called FENCE for crafting evasion attacks that take into consideration the specifics of constrained domains and application requirements. We apply it against Feed-Forward Neural Networks trained for two cyber security applications: network traffic botnet classification and malicious domain classification, to generate feasible adversarial examples. We extensively evaluate the success rate and performance of our attacks, compare their improvement over several baselines, and analyze factors that impact the attack success rate, including the optimization objective and the data imbalance. We show that with minimal effort (e.g., generating 12 additional network connections), an attacker can change the model’s prediction from the Malicious class to Benign and evade the classifier. We show that models trained on datasets with higher imbalance are more vulnerable to our FENCE attacks. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of performing adversarial training in constrained domains to increase the model resilience against these evasion attacks.
Enhanced secondary frequency control via distributed peer-to-peer communication (2016)

The prevalent distributed generation resources warrant reconsideration on how their coordination is achieved. In this paper, we particularly focus on how to enhance secondary frequency control by exploiting peer-to-peer communication among the resources. We design a control framework based on a consensus-plus-global-innovation approach. The control signals of distributed resources are updated in response to a global innovation (utilizing the area control error signal), and additional information exchanged via communication among neighboring resources. We show that such a distributed control scheme can be very well approximated by a proportional-integral controller and stabilizes the system. Moreover, since our scheme takes advantage of both the global and neighboring information, simulation results demonstrate that our scheme stabilizes the system significantly faster than the conventional automatic generation control framework. In addition, our control scheme asymptotically achieves the cost effectiveness.
Reexamining Povarov Reaction’s Scope and Limitation in the Generation of HCV-NS4A Peptidomimetics (2022)

Chronic Hepatitis C is a global health threat and a silent killer. Regardless of the profound progress in preventing and treating this disease, research continues to discover new direct antiviral agents (DAAs), especially against novel targets. Our research has been directed to leverage the NS4A binding site to develop peptidomimetic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease. In previous reports, we could provide evidence of tunability of this site by peptide and nonpeptide NS3/4A inhibitors. In this report, we used structure-based techniques to design 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,7-naphthyridine derivative as NS4A core mimics that cover the region between residues Ile-25′ to Arg-28′. The synthetic plan featured the Povarov reaction as an efficient strategy to construct the 1,7-naphthyridine core. Although this reaction has been reported in many literatures, critical assessments for its scope and limitations are scarce. In our work, we found that Povarov was extremely sensitive to alkene and aldehyde reactants. Moreover, using pyridine amines was not as successful as anilines. The most striking results were the lack of stability of compounds during purification and storage. The four compounds that survived the stability problems (1a-1d) did not show significant binding potency with NS3, because their structures were too simple to resemble the originally planned compounds.
Human eosinophil adherence to vascular endothelium mediated by binding to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1. (1991)

Adherence of human eosinophils to cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells, which was only partially due to CD18-dependent pathways, was also mediated by binding to endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Eosinophils bound specifically to both recombinant soluble ELAM-1 and recombinant soluble VCAM-1. Eosinophil binding to recombinant soluble VCAM-1 and to transfected CHO cells expressing VCAM-1 was inhibited with anti-VCAM-1 (4B9) and anti-very late activation antigen 4 (anti-VLA-4; HP1/2 or HP2/1) monoclonal antibodies. Eosinophils, but not neutrophils, expressed VLA-4 detected by cytofluorography. Eosinophil adherence to tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells was partially blocked by monoclonal antibodies against ELAM-1 (BB11) and VCAM-1 (4B9) and against VLA-4 (HP2/1). Thus, while both eosinophils and neutrophils can bind to activated endothelial cells by adherence to ICAM-1 and ELAM-1, only eosinophils expressed VLA-4 and adhered to VCAM-1 on activated endothelial cells. Eosinophil adherence to VCAM-1 might provide a mechanism contributing to the selective recruitment of eosinophils into tissue sites of inflammation.