gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasmall Co3O4 Nanocrystals Strongly Enhance Solar Water Splitting on Mesoporous Hematite (2015)

The synthesis of crystalline, nonagglomerated, and perfectly dispersible Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles with an average size of 3–7 nm using a solvothermal reaction in tert ‐butanol is reported. The very small size and high dispersibility of the Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles allow for their homogeneous deposition on mesoporous hematite layers serving as the photoactive absorber in the light‐driven water splitting reaction. This surface treatment leads to a striking photocurrent increase. While the enhancement of hematite photoanode performance by cobalt oxides is known, the preformation and subsequent application of well‐defined cobalt oxide nanoparticles are novel and allow for the treatment of arbitrarily complex hematite morphologies. Photoelectrochemical and transient absorption spectroscopy studies show that this enhanced performance is due to the suppression of surface electron–hole recombination on time scales of milliseconds to seconds.
Fluorometric Ca<sup>2+</sup> assay of thermoTRP channels to evaluate the inhibitory activity of compound 6a/b. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;a) Activity of compound &lt;b&gt;6a/b&lt;/b&gt; at 50 µM on TRPA1, TRPV1 and TRPM8. b) Dose-response curve for TRPA1 inhibition by compound &lt;b&gt;6a/b&lt;/b&gt;. Solid lines depict the best fit to a binding isotherm, with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.6±1.1 µM, and n&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt; (hill coefficient) = 0.21. TRPA1 was activated with 100 µM AITC, TRPV1 was activated by 10 µM capsaicin and TRPM8 was activated with 100 µM menthol. Data are given as mean ± SEM, with n (number of experiments) ≥5.&lt;/p&gt;
Barrierless ALD Molybdenum for Buried Power Rail and Via-to-Buried Power Rail metallization (2022)

This work reports for the first time, a middle-of-line (MOL) compatible, barrier/liner-less ALD molybdenum (Mo) process on SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> used for Via-to-buried-power-rail (VBPR) and contact-to-active (M0A) dual-damascene metallization. We also compare the MOL-compatible ALD process with the front-end-of-line (FEOL)-compatible ALD process used for BPR fill as reported in [1]. In addition, we report that Mo-BPR can withstand 800 °C anneal, demonstrating its compatibility with high thermal budgets of FEOL. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time, integrated (i.e. w/o air-break) precleans prior to Mo-VBPR deposition for contact formation with Mo-BPR. The precleans remove MoO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> from Mo-BPR surface proven by SIMS characterization at blanket film level. The effectiveness of precleans is further proven at via level with a good agreement between measured and predicted Mo-VBPR resistance (R) landing on Mo-BPR. Finally, the first downstream electromigration tests on Mo-BPR annealed at 800 °C, show no failures for >150 h at 5 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> & 330 °C proving its robust behavior.
Reactivity profiles of leukemic myeloblasts with monoclonal antibodies directed to sialosyl-Le(x) and other lacto-series type 2 chain antigens:absence of reactivity with normal hematopoietic progenitor cells (1992)

We investigated the expression profiles of lacto-series type 2 antigens in hematopoietic cells and their progenitors, in comparison with leukemic leukocytes. Reactivity profiles of various anti-type 2 chain monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) with leukemic blasts from 12 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and those from two patients with acute unclassified leukemia (AUL) show that anti-sialosyl-Le(x) MoAb SNH3 reacted strongly with greater than 95% of leukemic blast leukocyte populations from all patients (14 of 14). Another anti-sialosyl-Le(x) MoAb, FH6, showed less reactivity than SNH3 (12 of 14 patients), while anti-Le(y) MoAb AH6 showed reactivity with only 8 of 14 patients. On the other hand, none of the anti-type 2 chain MoAbs reacted with CD34+ normal adult bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells obtained independently from three healthy volunteers. MoAb SNH3, but not FH6 or AH6, showed complement-mediated cytotoxicity to leukemic blasts from these patients, as well as to myelogenous leukemia cell line HL60. Colony- forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), but not burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), was incompletely inhibited by treatment of normal BM mononuclear cells with SNH3 and complement. The absence of type 2 chain antigen expression in hematopoietic progenitor cells and in in vitro hematopoietic colonies (CFU-GM and BFU-E) strongly suggests that application of anti-carbohydrate MoAbs, particularly anti-sialosyl- Le(x) could be useful for elimination of leukemic myeloblasts infiltrating in BM, for purging of leukemic blasts in BM, and for facilitation of autologous BM.
Reconstitution of a telomeric replicon organized by CST (2022)

Telomeres, the natural ends of linear chromosomes, comprise repeat-sequence DNA and associated proteins<sup>1</sup>. Replication of telomeres allows continued proliferation of human stem cells and immortality of cancer cells<sup>2</sup>. This replication requires telomerase<sup>3</sup> extension of the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of the telomeric G-strand ((TTAGGG)<sub>n</sub>); the synthesis of the complementary C-strand ((CCCTAA)<sub>n</sub>) is much less well characterized. The CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) protein complex, a DNA polymerase α-primase accessory factor<sup>4,5</sup>, is known to be required for telomere replication in vivo<sup>6-9</sup>, and the molecular analysis presented here reveals key features of its mechanism. We find that human CST uses its ssDNA-binding activity to specify the origins for telomeric C-strand synthesis by bound Polα-primase. CST-organized DNA polymerization can copy a telomeric DNA template that folds into G-quadruplex structures, but the challenges presented by this template probably contribute to telomere replication problems observed in vivo. Combining telomerase, a short telomeric ssDNA primer and CST-Polα-primase gives complete telomeric DNA replication, resulting in the same sort of ssDNA 3' overhang found naturally on human telomeres. We conclude that the CST complex not only terminates telomerase extension<sup>10,11</sup> and recruits Polα-primase to telomeric ssDNA<sup>4,12,13</sup> but also orchestrates C-strand synthesis. Because replication of the telomere has features distinct from replication of the rest of the genome, targeting telomere-replication components including CST holds promise for cancer therapeutics.
Geographic patterns and correlates of the decline of granivorous birds in northern Australia (2005)

A geographic index of the decline in the distribution and abundance of granivorous birds in tropical northern Australia shows that declines are greatest in Queensland and especially in the south-eastern tropics and in inland areas, and lowest in the north Kimberley and east Arnhem districts. In this paper, we use generalised linear models to investigate interrelationships among an index of decline in 1° by 1° cells and measures of grazing intensity and contemporary patterns of burning, together with the environmental variables of rainfall, vegetation and topographic patterning in the landscape. Grazing intensity was the single strongest human effect but strong correlations between grazing intensity and other human influences suggest that these may have been subsumed within the grazing intensity measure. Impacts of grazing may be worse where pastoral settlement occurred earlier. Topographic variation appeared to be a mitigating effect, suggesting a role for ‘topographic refuges’ from human activities. Relationships among granivore declines, grazing and rainfall are difficult to disentangle using inferential statistics, but a consistent effect is that declines are more severe in areas with greater year-to-year variation in rainfall. We do not suggest that our analyses are conclusive. However, they do support the proposition that better understanding of the causes of decline at finer spatial scales will emerge most strongly in studies that link habitat quality with granivore demography at inland sites of highly variable year-to-year rainfall and with strongly contrasting grazing histories.
A General Framework for Building Surrogate Models for Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Electromagnetics (2021)

In uncertainty analysis, surrogate modeling techniques demonstrate high efficiency and reliable precision in estimating the uncertainty for the finite difference time domain (FDTD) computation. However, building an accurate surrogate model may require a considerable number of system simulations which could be computationally expensive. To reduce such computational cost to build an accurate model, a general framework to build surrogate models for the FDTD computation in the human body based on the least angle regression (LARS) method and the artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed. The LARS method is adapted to dynamically select a number of informative random parameters which are significantly relevant to system outputs. We design a series of convergence criteria for ANN and introduce the adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) optimizer to ANN in order to improve the computational efficiency and accuracy of ANN. This is the first dynamic surrogate modeling technique for the FDTD computation designed by taking both accuracy and computational cost into account.
Immunologic Infertility: Identification of Patients with Antisperm Antibody (1980)

Immunologic causes of infertility have been postulated for many years, but a precise means for identification of men or women with antibodies against sperm has not been available. We studied 614 patients, including 257 couples, with unexplained in fertility, to detect the presence of circulating antisperm antibody. Using a specific radiolabeled-antiglobulin test, we identified a subset of patients (10 per cent) with IgG antisperm antibody; this antibody was present in 13 per cent of the women and 7 per cent of the men. We followed the course of six infertile couples in whom one partner had sperm antibody. In four couples, pregnancy was achieved; pregnancy correlated with resolution of antibody activity. In two of these four couples the partner (one man and one woman) with antisperm activity had been pretreated with corticosteroids. We conclude that this objective test may be used to identify and then to help manage infertility in patients with suspected antibody-mediated infertility.
Molecular Binding Mechanism of TtgR Repressor to Antibiotics and Antimicrobials (2015)

A disturbing phenomenon in contemporary medicine is the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Efflux pumps contribute strongly to this antimicrobial drug resistance, which leads to the subsequent failure of clinical treatments. The TtgR protein of Pseudomonas putida is a HTH-type transcriptional repressor that controls expression of the TtgABC efflux pump, which is the main contributor to resistance against several antimicrobials and toxic compounds in this microbe. One of the main strategies to modulate the bacterial resistance is the rational modification of the ligand binding target site. We report the design and characterization of four mutants-TtgRS77A, TtgRE78A, TtgRN110A and TtgRH114A - at the active ligand binding site. The biophysical characterization of the mutants, in the presence and in the absence of different antimicrobials, revealed that TtgRN110A is the variant with highest thermal stability, under any of the experimental conditions tested. EMSA experiments also showed a different dissociation pattern from the operator for TtgRN110A, in the presence of several antimicrobials, making it a key residue in the TtgR protein repression mechanism of the TtgABC efflux pump. We found that TtgRE78A stability is the most affected upon effector binding. We also probe that one mutation at the C-terminal half of helix-α4, TtgRS77A, provokes a severe protein structure distortion, demonstrating the important role of this residue in the overall protein structure and on the ligand binding site. The data provide new information and deepen the understanding of the TtgR-effector binding mechanism and consequently the TtgABC efflux pump regulation mechanism in Pseudomonas putida.
Delays in Minimally Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices: A Review of Current Technology (2009)

Through the use of enzymatic sensors-inserted subcutaneously in the abdomen or ex vivo by means of microdialysis fluid extraction-real-time minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices estimate blood glucose by measuring a patient's interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose concentration. Signals acquired from the interstitial space are subsequently calibrated with capillary blood glucose samples, a method that has raised certain questions regarding the effects of physiological time lags and of the duration of processing delays built into these devices. The time delay between a blood glucose reading and the value displayed by a continuous glucose monitor consists of the sum of the time lag between ISF and plasma glucose, in addition to the inherent electrochemical sensor delay due to the reaction process and any front-end signal processing delays required to produce smooth traces. Presented is a review of commercially available, minimally invasive continuous glucose monitors with manufacturer reported device delays. The data acquisition process for the Medtronic MiniMed (Northridge, CA) continuous glucose monitoring system-CGMS Gold-and the Guardian RT monitor is described with associated delays incurred for each processing step. Filter responses for each algorithm are examined using in vitro hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps, as well as with an analysis of fast glucose excursions from a typical meal response. Results demonstrate that the digital filters used by each algorithm do not cause adverse effects to fast physiologic glucose excursions, although nonphysiologic signal characteristics can produce greater delays.
Applications of tartrate ester modified allylic boronates in organic synthesis : highly stereoselective syntheses of the C19-C29 segment of rifamycin S and the C1-C15 segment of streptovaricin D (1990)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 1990.
Synthesis and photochemical properties of zirconium phosphonate-viologen compounds as porous solids and transparent thin films (1993)

The authors have recently reported the photochemical properties of crystalline layered zirconium phosphonate viologen compounds (Zr(O{sub 3}PCH{sub 2}CH{sub 2}(bipyridyl)CH{sub 2}CH{sub 2}PO{sub 3})X{sub 2}; ZrPV (X); x = halide). Photolysis of these white compounds with solar or high intensity ultraviolet light results in the formation of a blue solid, which remains blue for several hours in the air and indefinitely under argon. The blue color is due to reduced viologen, which is half of a very long-lived charge separated state. In order for the photochemically reduced viologen to be accessible for reaction with suitable substrates, the authors have prepared related compounds, which are porous. Porosity can be achieved by synthesizing mixed phosphonates [i.e. Zr(PV(X)){sub 1{minus}x}(O{sub 3}PR){sub 2x}], in which R is H or OH. In these mixed materials the viologens act as pillars to hold the zirconium phosphonate lamellae apart, making the resultant material porous. The synthesis, structures and photochemical properties of mixed phosphonates will be described. The materials as synthesized are microcrystalline powders. To eliminate the light scattering problems associated with these materials they have been prepared as thin films, supported on glass. The synthesis and photochemical properties of these films will be described.
Objective measures of machine intelligence based on a human-interface analogy (2002)

A human-interface analogy is used to determine objective measures of machine intelligence. This measure is calculated for four candidate control systems used in an assistive device study with patients that exhibit neuromotor disability.
Scapular Notching on Kinematic Simulated Range of Motion After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Is Not the Result of Impingement in Adduction (2015)

Impingement after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is believed to occur from repetitive contact in adduction between the humeral component and the inferior scapular pillar. The primary purpose of this biomechanical study was to confirm the presence of different types of impingement and to examine which daily-life movements are responsible for them. A secondary aim was to provide recommendations on the type of components that would best minimize notching and loss of range of motion (ROM). The study included 12 fresh frozen shoulder specimens; each had a computed tomography (CT) image of the entire scapula and humerus in order to acquire topological information of the bones before RSA implantation. Cyclic tests were run postimplantation with 3 shoulders in each modalities. To quantify bone loss due to impingement, 3-dimensional anatomical models of the scapula were reconstructed from the CT scans and compared to their intact states. We found 8 bony impingements in 7 specimens: 2 at the lateral acromion, 1 at the inferior acromion, 4 scapular notching, and 1 with the glenoid resulting to wear at the 3:00 to 6:00 clock-face position. Impingements occurred in all kinds of tested motions, except for the internal/external rotation at 90° of abduction. The 3 specimens tested in abduction/adduction presented bone loss on the acromion side only. Scapular notching was noted in flexion/extension and in internal/external rotation at 0° of abduction. The humeral polyethylene liner was worn in 2 specimens--1 at the 6:00 to 8:00 clock-face position during internal/external rotation at 0° of abduction and 1 at the 4:00 clock-face position during flexion/extension. The present study revealed that 2 types of impingement interactions coexist and correspond to a frank abutment or lead to a scapular notching (friction-type impingement). Scapular notching seems to be caused by more movements or combination of movements than previously considered, and in particular by movements of flexion/extension and internal/external rotation with the arm at the side. Polyethylene cups with a notch between 3 and 9 o'clock and lower neck-shaft angle (145° or 135°) may play an important role in postoperative ROM limiting scapular notching.
Nonlinear structural equation models for network topology inference (2016)

Linear structural equation models (SEMs) have been widely adopted for inference of causal interactions in complex networks. Recent examples include unveiling topologies of hidden causal networks over which processes such as spreading diseases, or rumors propagation. However, these approaches are limited because they assume linear dependence among observable variables. The present paper advocates a more general nonlinear structural equation model based on polynomial expansions, which compensates for possible nonlinear dependencies between network nodes. To this end, a group-sparsity regularized estimator is put forth to leverage the inherent edge sparsity that is present in most real-world networks. A novel computationally-efficient proximal gradient algorithm is developed to estimate the polynomial SEM coefficients, and hence infer the edge structure. Preliminary tests on simulated data demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel approach.
Fine mapping of MHC region in lung cancer highlights independent susceptibility loci by ethnicity (2018)

Lung cancer has several genetic associations identified within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); although the basis for these associations remains elusive. Here, we analyze MHC genetic variation among 26,044 lung cancer patients and 20,836 controls densely genotyped across the MHC, using the Illumina Illumina OncoArray or Illumina 660W SNP microarray. We impute sequence variation in classical HLA genes, fine-map MHC associations for lung cancer risk with major histologies and compare results between ethnicities. Independent and novel associations within HLA genes are identified in Europeans including amino acids in the HLA-B*0801 peptide binding groove and an independent HLA-DQB1*06 loci group. In Asians, associations are driven by two independent HLA allele sets that both increase risk in HLA-DQB1*0401 and HLA-DRB1*0701; the latter better represented by the amino acid Ala-104. These results implicate several HLA-tumor peptide interactions as the major MHC factor modulating lung cancer susceptibility.
Texture development of a multi-filamentary Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ tape during thermo-mechanical treatment (2003)

In order to investigate texture development of superconducting grains, multi-filamentary Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ (Bi-2223)/Ag tapes were fabricated with different pass reduction ratios of rolling. The deformation-induced-texture and reaction-induced-texture for Bi-2212 and Bi-2223 were evaluated by X-ray diffraction including pole figure analysis. It was found that the texture of Bi-2223 develops by the progress of thermo-mechanical treatment. The texture for both Bi-2212 and Bi-2223 was found to develop better along the rolling direction than the transverse direction. By scanning electron microscopy observation, the highly textured region of Bi-2223 grain was found to expand by the intermediate rolling and additional heat treatment.
Purification and Culture of Human Blood Vessel–Associated Progenitor Cells (2008)

Multilineage progenitor cells, diversely designated as MSC, MAPC, or MDSC, have been previously extracted from long-term cultures of fetal and adult organs (e.g., bone marrow, brain, lung, pancreas, muscle, adipose tissue, and several others). The identity and location, within native tissues, of these elusive stem cells are described here. Subsets of endothelial cells and pericytes, which participate in the architecture of human blood vessels, exhibit, following purification to homogeneity, developmental multipotency. The selection from human tissues, by flow cytometry using combinations of positive and negative cell surface markers, of endothelial and perivascular cells is described here. In addition, a rare subset of myoendothelial cells that express markers of both endothelial and myogenic cell lineages and exhibit dramatic myogenic and cardiomyogenic potential has been identified and purified from skeletal muscle. The culture conditions amenable to the long-term proliferation of these blood vessel-associated stem cells in vitro are also described.
Data from The Novel Glutamine Antagonist Prodrug JHU395 Has Antitumor Activity in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The carbon and nitrogen components of glutamine are used for multiple biosynthetic processes by tumors. Glutamine metabolism and the therapeutic potential of glutamine antagonists (GA), however, are incompletely understood in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma observed in patients with neurofibromatosis type I. We investigated glutamine dependence of MPNST using JHU395, a novel orally bioavailable GA prodrug designed to circulate inert in plasma, but permeate and release active GA within target tissues. Human MPNST cells, compared with Schwann cells derived from healthy peripheral nerve, were selectively susceptible to both glutamine deprivation and GA dose-dependent growth inhibition. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, orally administered JHU395 delivered active GA to tumors with over 2-fold higher tumor-to-plasma exposure, and significantly inhibited tumor growth in a murine flank MPNST model without observed toxicity. Global metabolomics studies and stable isotope–labeled flux analyses in tumors identified multiple glutamine-dependent metabolites affected, including prominent effects on purine synthesis. These data demonstrate that glutamine antagonism is a potential antitumor strategy for MPNST.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;