gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective site finding using link anchor information (2001)

Link-based ranking methods have been described in the literature and applied in commercial Web search engines. However, according to recent TREC experiments, they are no better than traditional content-based methods. We conduct a different type of experiment, in which the task is to find the main entry point of a specific Web site. In our experiments, ranking based on link anchor text is twice as effective as ranking based on document content, even though both methods used the same BM25 formula. We obtained these results using two sets of 100 queries on a 18.5 million document set and another set of 100 on a 0.4 million document set. This site finding effectiveness begins to explain why many search engines have adopted link methods. It also opens a rich new area for effectiveness improvement, where traditional methods fail.
Supplemental Text, Supplemental Figures, and Supplemental Tables from Cell Line–Specific Network Models of ER<sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer Identify Potential PI3Kα Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms and Drug Combinations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Word file containing the Supplemental Text, Supplemental Figures S1-S6, and Supplemental Tables S1-S2.&lt;/p&gt;
Improvement of the depth of interaction detector for PET on full energy pulse height uniformity (2003)

As part of the next generation PET project, uniformity of full energy pulse height for all crystal elements was improved in the depth of interaction (DOI) detector constructed of three-dimensional crystal arrays. In our previous report, we found that the DOI detector constructed of four stages of a 2 /spl times/ 2 Gd/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce (GSO) crystal array provides good crystal identification performance but poor uniformity of the energy pulse height distribution. The upper stage crystal elements which stay further from the photocathode of a PMT have a tendency to show lower energy pulse height. For example, the ratio of the full energy peak of the top stage crystal to the bottom stage one was about 0.3. We designed a new DOI detector improved in the uniformity. By optimizing crystal surface finishes, reflector configurations, and optical coupling between crystal elements, we got comparable energy pulse height from the upper stage crystals to the bottom stage crystals. Despite this change of detector conditions, good separation between each area corresponding to crystal elements is maintained on two-dimensional histograms obtained by Anger-type position calculation. The uniform full energy pulse height of every stage crystal allows a narrower dynamic range of the electrical circuits, and may give a great advantage in getting an accurate scatter correction. It also improves energy and timing resolution.
Intellectual disability and cognitive ability in Darier disease: Swedish nation-wide study (2015)

Darier disease is associated with intellectual disability and subclinical impairments in cognitive ability. The Darier-causing mutations merit further attention in molecular genetic research on intellectual disability and cognitive ability.
Immunosensing by a Synthetic Ligand-Gated Ion Channel (2001)

Die spezifische Bindung eines Antikörpers an sein Antigen bei subnanomolaren Konzentrationen wurde elektrisch durch Impedanzspektroskopie detektiert; dabei wurden Änderungen der Ionenleitfähigkeit eines synthetischen ligandenkontrollierten Ionenkanals in einer Lipiddoppelschicht auf einer Goldelektrode gemessen (siehe Bild).
Crab-Shell Biotemplated SnO2 Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

SnO2 composite materials infiltrated into the hollow carbon channels of a crab-shell biotemplate were hydrothermally synthesized and utilized as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Varying the reaction temperatures and times of the hydrothermal reaction yielded different SnO2 nanoparticle shapes, characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The materials prepared at 100 °C (sample S100) were spherical, amorphous in nature, and successfully infiltrated into the hollow carbon channels, while those prepared at 180 °C (sample S180) yielded many rod-like particles on the outer surfaces of the channels. The S100 electrode exhibited better cyclability, corresponding to a capacity of 298 mAh g-1 at 100 cycles, and high rate capability with a capacity retention of 54% at 3 A g-1. The enhanced electrochemical performance of S100 could be attributed to the configuration of the SnO2 particles infiltrating the carbon-coated hollow channels, which accommodated large volume changes during (de)lithiation.
Human Serum Albumin Nanotubes with Esterase Activity (2011)

A nanocylindrical wall structure was obtained by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of poly-L-arginine (PLA) and human serum albumin (HSA) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning force microscopy (SFM), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). SEM and SFM measurements of a lyophilized powder of (PLA/HSA)(3) nanotubes yielded images of round, chimney-like architectures with approximately 100 nm wall thickness. Cryo-TEM images of the hydrated sample revealed that the tube walls are composed of densely packed HSA molecules. Moreover, when small-angle X-ray scattering was used to characterize the individual PLA and HSA components in aqueous solutions, maximum diameters of approximately 28 nm and 8 nm were obtained, respectively. These values indicate the minimum thickness of wall layers consisting of PLA and HSA. It can also be concluded from SEM as well as from cryo-TEM images that the protein cylinders are considerably swollen in the presence of water. Furthermore, HSA retains esterase activity if assembled in nanotubes, as indicated by measurements of para-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis under semi-physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 22 °C). The enzyme activity parameters (Michaelis constant, K(m), and catalytic constant, k(cat)) were comparable to those of free HSA.
Differential Branching Fraction and Angular Analysis of the DecayB0→K*0μ+μ− (2012)

The angular distributions and the partial branching fraction of the decay B0 → K*0 μ+ μ- are studied by using an integrated luminosity of 0.37 fb(-1) of data collected with the LHCb detector. The forward-backward asymmetry of the muons, A(FB), the fraction of longitudinal polarization, F(L), and the partial branching fraction dB/dq2 are determined as a function of the dimuon invariant mass. The measurements are in good agreement with the standard model predictions and are the most precise to date. In the dimuon invariant mass squared range 1.00-6.00 GeV2/c4, the results are A(FB)=-0.06(-0.14)(+0.13)±0.04, F(L)=0.55±0.10±0.03, and dB/dq2=(0.42±0.06±0.03)×10(-7) c4/GeV2. In each case, the first error is statistical and the second systematic.
Basic Concepts (2013)

The Web of Things (WoT) paradigm is based on the use of protocols and standards widely accepted and already in use in the traditional Web, such as the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), to support information sharing and device interoperation. These standards combined with other elements such as the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural pattern and the Resource-oriented architecture (ROA) allow sensed data, provided by the sensing physical devices via a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), to be treated as any other resource on the Web. Such physical devices are identified by URIs and accessed via HTTP basic operations (HTTP verbs). This Chapter briefly presents the main key concepts that support the WoT paradigm, such as wireless sensor networks, REST and ROA. We also discuss about the requirements that a middleware for IoT/WoT should meet and we give an overview of existing proposals for such a middleware.
Fluorine‐containing photoreactive polyimide. II. Preparation and properties of self‐sensitized polyimide precursors (1990)

Abstract Two series of polyimide precursors that have benzophenone(BP) segments in addition to methacryloyl groups and perfluoromethyl groups in the main chain are described. These fluorinated polyimide precursors offered remarkable improvement in solubility in common organic solvents and self‐sensitivity at 365‐nm light ( i ‐line). It was also found that the sensitivity is extremely enhanced by the aid of a small amount of photoinitiators, and the effective initiators for sensitivity enhancement were different for each series of the precursors. These self‐sensitized polyimide precursors offered high resolution with good pattern profile of aspect ratio over 1.5. The temperatures for 10% weight loss of the imidized films were nearly 500°C from thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), indicating high thermal stability.
INABILITY OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION OF CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS TO INDUCE HLA CLASS II ANTIGEN EXPRESSION (1990)

Cytomegalovirus infection in the renal allograft recipient has been associated with the initiation of acute rejection. The mechanism of this induction is unknown. It may be related to renal tubular epithelial and endo-thelial expression of HLA class II antigens or a CMV immediate-early antigen that exhibits immunologic crossreactivity with HLA DR. In this study the ability of CMV to both infect and subsequently induce class II antigen expression on cultured human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVEs), in the absence of cytokines, particularly gamma interferon, was tested. Individual HUVE cell lines were first proven to express HLA class II antigens in the presence of 10, 100, and 200 units of recombinant IFN-γ as early as 24 hr postincubation by an immunohistochemical technique and by flow cytometry. These cell lines were successfully infected with CMV strains AD169 and CMV3 as determined by the presence of early and late viral antigens and CMV DNA. The degree of infection was dose and incubation-time dependent. Infection of HUVEs with these CMV strains and a nonattenuated clinical isolate failed to induce HLA DR, DP, or DQw1 expression in the absence of IFN-γ.These findings support the hypothesis that endothelial cells in vivo may serve as reservoirs of CMV infection. They do not support the hypothesis that CMV produces an immediate-early antigen that has immunologic cross-reactivity with HLA DR. Furthermore, there is no support for the hypothesis that CMV independently induces HLA class II antigens in the absence of IFN-γ.
Observation of interfacial void formation in bonded copper layers (2005)

Silicon wafers are bonded using copper (Cu) as the bonding medium and annealed to enhance the bonding strength at temperatures ranging from 300to400°C. The original bonding interface disappears and the Cu layers merge to form a single homogeneous layer. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy reveals a number of voids at the original bonding interface. It is observed that the size of these interfacial voids increases with bonding temperature. Thermal stress relaxation is proposed as the cause for interfacial void formation in the bonded Cu layers.
Lupus nephritis in the absence of renal major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules. (1996)

MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL-lpr) mice develop an aggressive autoimmune disorder characterized by arthritis, vasculitis, and glomerulonephritis. Renal injury is associated with increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, as well as cytokines, adhesion molecules (intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), and autoantibodies. By using either MHC Class I (MRL-lpr B2m-/-) or MHC Class II deficient (MRL-lpr Ab-/-) kidneys in a transplant model, we tested the role of renal expression of these molecules in the development of autoimmune renal injury. Kidneys from MRL-lpr B2m-/- or MRL-lpr Ab-/- mice as well as control wild-type mice transplanted into MRL-lpr wt/- recipients developed nephritis, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, and heavy glomerular deposition of immunoglobulin. Spontaneously proliferating autoreactive T cells were found in wild-type MRL-lpr and MRL-lpr B2m-/- but not MRL-lpr Ab-/- mice. These results suggest that the absence of renal expression of either Class I or Class II molecules does not provide marked protection from autoimmune lupus nephritis and supports the possibility that protection from autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr Ab-1- mice is related to the loss of autoreactive MHC Class II-dependent CD4+ T cells.
An inhomogeneous two-dimensional model for the analysis of microstrip discontinuities (1991)

A new approach to two-dimensional modeling of microstrip circuits of arbitrary shape is proposed. A model was developed to be used for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis. A characteristic feature of the model is its inhomogeneity, i.e., the dependence of the parameters at a particular point in the two-dimensional space on the distance of that point from the strip's edge. Examples of FDTD analysis based on the model are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
TDP-43 Proteinopathy and Motor Neuron Disease in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (2010)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is increased in association with head injury. Repetitive head injury is also associated with the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a tauopathy characterized by neurofibrillary tangles throughout the brain in the relative absence of β-amyloid deposits. We examined 12 cases of CTE and, in 10, found a widespread TAR DNA-binding protein of approximately 43kd (TDP-43) proteinopathy affecting the frontal and temporal cortices, medial temporal lobe, basal ganglia, diencephalon, and brainstem. Three athletes with CTE also developed a progressive motor neuron disease with profound weakness, atrophy, spasticity, and fasciculations several years before death. In these 3 cases, there were abundant TDP-43-positive inclusions and neurites in the spinal cord in addition to tau neurofibrillary changes, motor neuron loss, and corticospinal tract degeneration. The TDP-43 proteinopathy associated with CTE is similar to that found in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions, in that widespread regions of the brain are affected. Akin to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions, in some individuals with CTE, the TDP-43 proteinopathy extends to involve the spinal cord and is associated with motor neuron disease. This is the first pathological evidence that repetitive head trauma experienced in collision sports might be associated with the development of a motor neuron disease.
Mobile reception of DVB&#x00AE; T Terrestrial services by means of AL-FEC protection (2009)

• Backwards-compatible with existing networks and terminals • Raptor codes allow to incorporate AL-FEC as a software upgrade • Copes with fast fading (5–6 dB gain) • Longer protection periods benefit from time diversity of the mobile channel ▪ 2–3 dB gain with respect to MPE-FEC against fast fading ▪ 3–7 dB gain with respect to MPE-FEC against shadowing
Adaptive incentive-compatible routing in VANETs for highway applications (2017)

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) experience diverse network environments ranging from infrastructure based with dense connected vehicle communication in urban highways to infrastructurless with sparse connected vehicle communication in rural highways. Routing protocols in such challenging environments should be adaptive to work with or without a fixed infrastructure under a quickly varying connected vehicle density. They should also be incentive-compatible in order to guarantee that their adaptive routing decisions are followed by all participants. In this paper, we propose a novel routing protocol for highway applications that is both adaptive and incentive-compatible. It is adaptive by switching between: Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) routing, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) direct routing and V2V delay-tolerant routing. It is also incentive-compatible as shown by the resulting Nash Equilibrium using a game theoretic analysis. In this analysis, we show how incentives are administered by the fixed network operator through a credit-based exchange system. Cooperative relay vehicles, with high credit balances, are rewarded with extra bandwidth allocations whereas selfish relay vehicles, with low credit balances, are punished with less bandwidth allocations. The fixed network operator administers this credit-based exchange system in order to maintain acceptable user experience by complementing the congestion-prone V2I routing with properly-incentivized V2V direct routing and V2V delay-tolerant routing. Our protocol has been evaluated using our in-house built simulation environment with realistic channel and highway mobility models. Results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed protocol in comparison to other routing protocols.
Analysis of an access control mechanism for data traffic in an integrated voice/data wireless CDMA system (2002)

Mandayam and Boltzman (see MILCOM'95, San Diego, California, 1995) studied an access protocol for short data messages in an integrated voice/data CDMA system. It was assumed that voice traffic had priority and was less tolerant to delay than data traffic. Hence, the transmission of data traffic could be controlled to guarantee acceptable quality of service for voice. The data messages were of short duration and as a result, closed loop power control for them was not possible. The access protocol considered was an extension of a proposal by Viterbi (see Communications & Cryptography, p.42, 1994), which was for data-only systems. A slotted system was considered for data. At the end of every slot, the base station would control the transmission of data users by increasing/decreasing data permission probability. Measured QoS for voice was the criterion. An approximate model wherein a one-dimensional Markov chain of just the persistence state was considered and solved explicitly. Imperfect power control for voice was accounted for. In this work, the protocol is studied in greater detail. Stability of the protocol is investigated and critical data load values developed. The results also show that at high data loads additional admission control such as limited retries will be necessary to maintain stability. Simulation results show good agreement with the analysis, in the desirable operating regions.
Nanoparticle standards (2016)

We will purchase a COTS materials printer and adapt it for solution printing of known elemental concentration solutions. A methodology will be developed to create deposits of known mass in known locations on selected substrates. The deposits will be characterized for deposited mass, physical morphology, thickness and uniformity. Once an acceptable methodology has been developed and validated, we will create round robin samples to be characterized by LGSIMS instruments at LANL, PNNL and NIST. We will demonstrate the feasibility of depositing nanoparticles in known masses with the goal of creating separated nanoparticles in known locations.
Visible photoluminescence from Ge nanocrystal embedded into a SiO2 matrix fabricated by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (1996)

Stable blue photoluminescence (PL) at 580 nm visible to the naked eye has been observed for the samples consisting of Ge nanocrystals (nc-Ge) embedded in a silicon oxide (SiO2) solid matrix, fabricated by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition techniques. Raman spectroscopy measurement strongly suggests the existence of Ge nanocrystal in the SiO2 matrices. The size of nc-Ge is dependent on aftergrowth thermal treatment under nitrogen ambient, and it is found that temperature above 700 °C for 1 h only exhibits the PL peak at the visible wavelength. The samples annealed for longer times at 700 °C do not exhibit any PL peak which is correlated with the change of the nanocrystal size.
Personal Health Management Systems: Applying The Full Power Of Software To Improve The Quality And Efficiency Of Care (2009)

Electronic medical records and personal health records have made good progress in reducing costs and inefficiencies, but the key to building a health care delivery system for the twenty-first century is to evolve toward personal health management systems that apply the full power of software to improve patient care. Such systems can enable better outcomes and improve the satisfaction of consumers and providers alike. Through technology innovation, sensible policy approaches, and industrywide collaboration, we can empower individuals to take control of their health while enabling providers and payers to broaden access to higher-quality, more affordable care.
Temporal patterns of lipolytic regulators in adipose tissue after acute growth hormone exposure in human subjects: A randomized controlled crossover trial (2019)

GH-induced lipolysis in human subjects in vivo is linked to downregulation of G0S2 and FSP27 and upregulation of PTEN in AT. Mechanistically, in vitro data suggest that GH acts via MEK to suppress PPARγ-dependent transcription of G0S2. ClinicalTrials.govNCT02782221 and NCT01209429.
Novel Mammalian Group XII Secreted Phospholipase A2Lacking Enzymatic Activity, (2003)

An increasing number of mammalian secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) has been identified over the past few years. Here, we report the identification and recombinant expression of a novel sPLA(2)-like protein in mouse and human species that has been called group XIIB (GXIIB). The mature protein has a molecular mass of 19.7 kDa and structural features similar to those of the previously identified GXII sPLA(2), now called GXIIA. Strikingly, the GXIIB sPLA(2) has a mutation in the active site, replacing the canonical histidine by a leucine, suggesting that this sPLA(2) is catalytically inactive. Recombinant expression of human (hGXIIB) and mouse (mGXIIB) sPLA(2)s in Escherichia coli indicates that GXIIB sPLA(2)s display no measurable lipolytic activity on various types of phospholipid substrates. Furthermore, these sPLA(2)-like proteins display relatively weak affinity to phospholipid vesicles. Binding experiments indicate that these proteins are also unable to bind to the well-known M-type sPLA(2) receptor. The RNA tissue distribution of GXIIB sPLA(2)s is distinct from that of other sPLA(2)s including the homologous GXIIA. Strong expression was observed in liver, small intestine, and kidney in both human and mouse species. Interestingly, the expression of the novel sPLA(2) is dramatically decreased in human tumors from the same tissues. The absence of enzymatic activity suggests that the GXIIB sPLA(2)-like proteins probably exert their biological roles by acting as ligands for as yet unidentified receptors.
Mesenteric panniculitis following colonoscopy, polypectomy, and epinephrine injection (2010)

A 47-year-old woman with irritable bowel syndrome and family history of colon cancer underwent an elective colonoscopy. During the procedure, two sigmoid polyps were removed via hot biopsy. This was complicated by arterial bleeding and controlled with an injection of 6 mL of 1 : 10 000 epinephrine and placement of an endoscopic clip. Immediately following the procedure, the patient developed severe abdominal pain and irregular bowel habits leading to hospitalization. She was treated with intravenous levofloxacin, metronidazole, and oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for 7 days without relief.