gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barrier properties and abrasion resistance of biopolymer‐based coatings on biodegradable poly(lactic acid) films (2019)

Coated polylactic acid (PLA) films consisting of crosslinked‐chitosan/beeswax layer were prepared to improve barrier properties and abrasion resistance of the base substrate. The effect of crosslinking the chitosan layer on durability and barrier properties of the coatings was investigated. Crosslinked samples exhibited lower degree of swelling compared to uncrosslinked samples and 50% reduction in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) compared to neat PLA films. The beeswax coating decreased the WVTR of chitosan‐coated PLA films significantly (by 100%). However, it had a marginal effect on the oxygen transmission rate. Water vapor transmission was less affected by abrasion than oxygen transmission for both uncrosslinked and crosslinked samples. The WVTR of crosslinked samples were retained even after being subjected to abrasion, whereas WVTR of uncrosslinked samples dropped by 50%. Results obtained using the Taber test method also show that the weight loss of crosslinked coatings are about 75% less than that of uncrosslinked samples and can withstand a greater number of cycles before rupture. These translucent‐coated films retained good barrier and mechanical properties along with providing improved abrasion resistance after crosslinking. This approach provides exciting new possibilities for expanding the use of biodegradable polymers in packaging applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1874–1881, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Direct Reconstruction of CT-Based Attenuation Correction Images for PET With Cluster-Based Penalties (2017)

Extremely low-dose CT acquisitions used for PET attenuation correction have high levels of noise and potential bias artifacts due to photon starvation. This work explores the use of <i>a priori</i> knowledge for iterative image reconstruction of the CT-based attenuation map. We investigate a maximum <i>a posteriori</i> framework with cluster-based multinomial penalty for direct iterative coordinate decent (dICD) reconstruction of the PET attenuation map. The objective function for direct iterative attenuation map reconstruction used a Poisson log-likelihood data fit term and evaluated two image penalty terms of spatial and mixture distributions. The spatial regularization is based on a quadratic penalty. For the mixture penalty, we assumed that the attenuation map may consist of four material clusters: air+background, lung, soft tissue, and bone. Using simulated noisy sinogram data, dICD reconstruction was performed with different strengths of the spatial and mixture penalties. The combined spatial and mixture penalties reduced the RMSE by roughly 2 times compared to a weighted least square and filtered backprojection reconstruction of CT images. The combined spatial and mixture penalties resulted in only slightly lower RMSE compared to a spatial quadratic penalty alone. For direct PET attenuation map reconstruction from ultra-low dose CT acquisitions, the combination of spatial and mixture penalties offers regularization of both variance and bias and is a potential method to reconstruct attenuation maps with negligible patient dose. The presented results, using a best-case histogram suggest that the mixture penalty does not offer a substantive benefit over conventional quadratic regularization and diminishes enthusiasm for exploring future application of the mixture penalty.
Implementation of the pipelined processor (2004)

The problem is not that there are problems. The problem is expecting otherwise and thinking that having problems is a problem.Theodore Rubin
119301 Force Feedback Device Applied in Using Gyroscopic Moment (2011)

Now displaying technology for audio and visual senses have been put to practical uses. In addition, a display that presents variable senses other than audio and visual senses is paid attentions by virtual reality researchers as the next generation virtual reality technology. This study focuses on a kinesthetic sense, and develops a novel force feedback device. In the present study, the gyroscopic momentum will be introduced to a haptic display to feedback a force to an operator. The kinesthetic sense is displayed to an operator by the synthesized torque by plural Control Moment Gyros. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments.
The Level of HER-2/neu Protein Expression in Primary Breast Cancer May Impact the Development of HER-2/neu Specific Humoral Immunity (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: Immune Monitoring
Access Control for Database Applications: Beyond Policy Enforcement (2023)

There have been many recent advances in enforcing finegrained access control for database-backed applications. However, operators face significant challenges both before and after an enforcement mechanism has been deployed. We identify three such challenges beyond enforcement and discuss possible solutions.
Ensuring integrity of network inventory and configuration data (2004)

Network operators and service providers need to maximize the use of their available capital investment by managing inventory and configuration information in a more cost effective manner. The first task that they face might seem the simplest: collecting data about the physical assets in a network. However, the dynamic nature of today's heterogeneous networks, as well as the limitations of element management systems and many proprietary interfaces and protocols, all complicates the task. As a result, inaccurate and incomplete records of inventory and configuration data are preventing operators from optimizing their networks. We present a software technology that has been used successfully to create correct and complete records. This technology can create a "reality" view of multivendor wireline and wireless networks by extracting inventory and configuration data from in-service networks without degrading network performance. Records can be delivered via a Web-based application. The technology spans circuit switch, data, optical and wireless networks. Application of the technology for several large wireless service providers and smaller data network operators has resulted in substantial reduction in their operating expenses. In addition, the service providers have been able to optimize engineering of their networks and critical network management tasks.
Multi-Task Siamese Neural Network for Improving Replay Attack Detection (2020)

Automatic speaker verification systems are vulnerable to audio replay attacks which bypass security by replaying recordings of authorized speakers.Replay attack detection (RA) detection systems built upon Residual Neural Networks (ResNet)s have yielded astonishing results on the public benchmark ASVspoof 2019 Physical Access challenge.With most teams using fine-tuned feature extraction pipelines and model architectures, the generalizability of such systems remains questionable though.In this work, we analyse the effect of discriminative feature learning in a multi-task learning (MTL) setting can have on the generalizability and discriminability of RA detection systems.We use a popular ResNet architecture optimized by the cross-entropy criterion as our baseline and compare it to the same architecture optimized by MTL using Siamese Neural Networks (SNN).It can be shown that SNN outperform the baseline by relative 26.8% Equal Error Rate (EER).We further enhance the model's architecture and demonstrate that SNN with additional reconstruction loss yield another significant improvement of relative 13.8 % EER.
IR microscopy with a transient photo-induced near-field probe (tipless near-field microscopy) (1998)

Photo-induced reflectivity generated by picosecond pulses of light incident on the surface of semiconductors has been used to create transient mirrors with dimensions determined by the spot size of the visible light. These mirrors were used as near-field probes for scattering of the infrared (IR) laser beam. It has been verified that the IR light reflected from this transient mirror has a spatial resolution determined by the spot size of the visible light. This methodology enables IR microscopy of thin samples with the resolution of a visible microscope. Advantages of this approach are: (i) no need for near-field distance control, (ii) possibility of fast sample scanning, (iii) no attenuation of the IR beam in a tapered fiber probe, and (iv) the sample to be imaged can be covered by or encased in a transparent liquid or solid. Preliminary results, prospects and limitations are discussed.
Resistance and passivation of metal contacts using n-type amorphous Si for Si solar cells (2014)

A low fill factor remains one of the critical issues for successful implementation of amorphous Si layers in back-contact solar cells. In this work, the metal-phosphorous doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) contact is studied in terms of contact resistance while maintaining a high passivation level of the crystalline silicon bulk material after metal deposition and during long-term solar cell operation. On top of these contacting and passivation-preservation requirements, the metal back-surface reflection has to be large in order to reflect as much light as possible to generate high output current densities. Two different contact metals, Al and Ti, with Ti being combined in a stack with either Al, Pd/Ag or Cu, are investigated. For these two metals with comparable metal work function, the material choice shows only a minimal effect on the contact resistance value. The main parameters for obtaining a low-resistive, ohmic contact lie in the tuning of the n+ a-Si:H layer thickness and the application of a thermal annealing step. Contact resistance values down to 10 mΩ cm2 are obtained on an intrinsic/n+ a-Si:H layer stack with a remaining effective lifetime of several milliseconds after metallization and anneal. It is shown that a thin Ti (5 nm) layer is needed in order to obtain a thermally stable contact that guarantees a reliable long-term solar cell operation. The optical disadvantage of having Ti at the backside of a Si solar cell can be compensated by combining this very thin Ti layer with Cu. This results in an improvement of the back-reflectance compared to a direct Al contact.
Fabrication of vertical light couplers in polymeric waveguides by embossing (1994)

The combination of vertical optical taps with planar optical waveguides could improve the functionality of guided wave devices for a number of reasons: (a) They permit three-dimensional optical interconnection between different layers or boards. This offers a considerable improvement of the processing capabilities of information systems, (b) Such structures are very interesting for applications such as OSM (optical surface mount) 1 and OBPI (optical backplane interconnect). In these applications light is tapped from the waveguide into a functional component or board; after processing, new light signals are injected into the waveguides. The functional component can be a single optical device (optical isolator, optical amplifier, optical modulator, etc.), a single opto-electronic device (laser diode, detector), or an opto-electronic system consisting of opto-electronic transducers and electronic processors (receiver-transmitter module, OBPI, etc.).
Treatment with a Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, inhibits excitotoxicity in an animal model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (2016)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA 17) is a polyglutamine disease caused by the expansion of CAG/CAA repeats in the TATA box-binding protein (TBP) gene. The Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, contains flavonoids and terpenoids with a potential use for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The neuroprotective effects of EGb 761 are obvious, but whether the EGb 761 has therapeutic effects in SCA 17 is still unclear. To manage our issues, we have generated TBP/79Q-expressing SH-SY5Y cells and SCA 17 transgenic mice with the mutant hTBP gene. In in vitro experiment, we observed that the EGb 761 treatment decreased the amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble proteins in the TBP/79Q-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. We further found that the EGb 761 treatment could inhibit excitotoxicity and calcium influx and reduce the expression of apoptotic markers in glutamate-treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In in vivo experiment, we observed that the EGb 761 treatment (100 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection per day) could relieve the motor deficiencies of the SCA 17 transgenic mice. Our findings provide evidence that the EGb 761 treatment can be a remedy for SCA 17 via suppressing excitotoxicity and apoptosis in SCA 17 cell and animal models. Therefore, we suggest that EGb 761 may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating SCA 17.
Dmt Modulation With Adaptive Loading For High Bit Rate Transmission Over Directly Detected Optical Channels (2014)

In this paper, we present the design and analysis of an adaptive cost-effective discrete multitone transponder (DMT) using direct detection (DD) suitable for data center interconnections. Levin Campello margin adaptive (LC-MA) algorithm is applied to the transponder digital signal processing modules to enhance fiber chromatic dispersion (CD) resilience, while achieving high-data rate transmission. The bit error rate (BER) performance and the rate/distance adaptive capabilities of the proposed transponder have been numerically analyzed and compared to bandwidth variable uniform loading, taking into account the transmission impairments at the varying of the fiber length. Specifically, the performance of the designed transponder has been assessed from $20$ to $112$ Gb/s, extending the achievable reach at $50$ Gb/s beyond $80$ km of standard single mode fiber (SSMF). The numerical simulations have been compared with experimental results, evidencing good agreement in presence of transmission impairments.
System Impairments and Performance Implications of ASE Seeded WDM PON Systems (2011)

Systematic analysis of various impairments in ASE seeded WDM PONs is presented and transmission performance limitations are determined in this paper. From a system perspective, characteristics of colorless transmitters are optimized for larger transmission distance.
In Vivo Assessment of a Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft Combining a Biodegradable Elastomeric Scaffold and Muscle-Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Model (2009)

Limited autologous vascular graft availability and poor patency rates of synthetic grafts for bypass or replacement of small-diameter arteries remain a concern in the surgical community. These limitations could potentially be improved by a tissue engineering approach. We report here our progress in the development and in vivo testing of a stem-cell-based tissue-engineered vascular graft for arterial applications. Poly(ester urethane)urea scaffolds (length = 10 mm; inner diameter = 1.2 mm) were created by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Compound scaffolds were generated by reinforcing TIPS scaffolds with an outer electrospun layer of the same biomaterial (ES-TIPS). Both TIPS and ES-TIPS scaffolds were bulk-seeded with 10 x 10(6) allogeneic, LacZ-transfected, muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs), and then placed in spinner flask culture for 48 h. Constructs were implanted as interposition grafts in the abdominal aorta of rats for 8 weeks. Angiograms and histological assessment were performed at the time of explant. Cell-seeded constructs showed a higher patency rate than the unseeded controls: 65% (ES-TIPS) and 53% (TIPS) versus 10% (acellular TIPS). TIPS scaffolds had a 50% mechanical failure rate with aneurysmal formation, whereas no dilation was observed in the hybrid scaffolds. A smooth-muscle-like layer of cells was observed near the luminal surface of the constructs that stained positive for smooth muscle alpha-actin and calponin. LacZ+ cells were shown to be engrafted in the remodeled construct. A confluent layer of von Willebrand Factor-positive cells was observed in the lumen of MDSC-seeded constructs, whereas acellular controls showed platelet and fibrin deposition. This is the first evidence that MDSCs improve patency and contribute to the remodeling of a tissue-engineered vascular graft for arterial applications.
The influence of non-stoichiometry on the switching kinetics of strontium-titanate ReRAM devices (2016)

Compared to conventional NAND flash resistive switching metal-oxide cells show a number of advantages, like an increased endurance, lower energy consumption, and superior switching speed. Understanding the role of defects for the resistive switching phenomenon in metal oxides is crucial for their improvement and thereby also for their acceptance as a next generation data storage device. Strontium titanate (STO) is considered a model material due to its thoroughly investigated defect chemistry. This paper presents a comparative study of the switching kinetics for three different compositions [Sr]/([Sr]+[Ti]) of 0.57 (Sr-rich), 0.50 (stoichiometric STO), and 0.46 (Ti-rich STO). The STO films, deposited by atomic layer deposition, were integrated in Pt/STO/TiN nanocrossbars with a feature size of 100 nm. By analysis of the transient currents, the switching kinetics are investigated between 10 ns and 104 s for the SET and 10 ns and 100 s for the RESET. A clear influence of the composition on the degree of nonlinearity of the switching kinetics was observed. Applying an analytical model for the oxygen vacancy migration, we were able to explain the differences in the SET kinetics by composition-dependent changes in the thermal conductivity and by a lower activation energy for the Ti-rich sample. This might be utilized in design rules of future ReRAM devices.
Hybrid 2D Photonic Crystal-Assisted Lu3Al5O12:Ce Ceramic-Plate Phosphor and Free-Standing Red Film Phosphor for White LEDs with High Color-Rendering Index (2015)

This paper reports the combined optical effects of a two-dimensional (2D) SiNx photonic crystal layer (PCL)-assisted Lu3Al5O12:Ce (LuAG:Ce) green ceramic-plate phosphor (CPP) and a free-standing (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu red film phosphor to enhance luminous efficacy, color rendering index (CRI), and special CRI (R9) of LuAG:Ce CPP-capped white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for high-power white LEDs at 350 mA. By introducing the 2D SiNx PCL, the luminous efficacy was improved by a factor of 1.25 and 1.15 compared to that of the conventional flat CPP-capped LED and the thickness-increased CPP-capped LED (with a thickness of 0.15 mm), respectively, while maintaining low color-rendering properties. The combining of the free-standing red film phosphor in the flat CPP-capped, the 2D PCL-assisted CPP-capped, and the thickness-increased CPP-capped LEDs led to enhancement of the CRI and the special CRI (R9); it also led to a decrease of the correlated color temperature (CCT) due to broad wavelength coverage via the addition of red emission. High CRI (94), natural white CCT (4450 K), and acceptable luminous efficacy (71.1 lm/W) were attained from the 2D PCL-assisted LuAG:Ce CPP/free-standing red film phosphor-based LED using a red phosphor concentration of 7.5 wt %. It is expected that the combination of the 2D PCL and the free-standing red film phosphor will be a good candidate for achieving a high-power white CPP-capped LED with excellent CRI.
Disturbance-Observer-Based Tracking Controller for Neural Network Driving Policy Transfer (2019)

The neural network policies are widely explored in the autonomous driving field, thanks to their capability of handling complicated driving tasks. However, the practical deployment of such policies is slowed down due to their lack of robustness against modeling gap and external disturbances. In our prior work, we proposed a planner-controller architecture and applied a disturbance-observer-based (DOB) robust tracking controller to reject the disturbances and achieved zero-shot policy transfer. In this paper, we present our latest progress on improving the policy transfer performance under this framework. Concretely, we applied adaptive DOB, so as to more accurately model the inverse system dynamics and increase the cut-off frequency of the Q-filter in the DOB. A closed-loop reference path smoothing algorithm is introduced to alleviate the step disturbance input imposed by the reference trajectory re-planning. On the neural network control policy side, we applied the parallel attribute networks, a hierarchical modular policy network to dynamically handle various driving tasks. We have carried out various simulations and experiments to validate the capability of our proposed method to achieve sim-to-sim and sim-to-real policy transfer. The proposed method achieves the most outstanding performance among a series of baseline control schemes.
Enzym‐katalysierte Reaktionen, 15. Darstellung von (R)1‐2‐(Sulfonyloxy)nitrilen und ihre Reaktionen mit Acetaten — Konfigurationsumkehr optisch aktiver Cyanhydrine[2] (1993)

Enzyme‐Catalyzed Reactions, 15 [1] . – Preparation of ( R )1‐2‐(Sulfonyloxy)nitriles and Their Reactions with Acetates – Inversion of the Configuration of Optically Active Cyanohydrins 2‐(Sulfonyloxy)nitriles ( R )‐ 6, 7, 8 are obtained in high optical purity from the respective cyanohydrins ( R )‐ 2 by sulfonylation with methanesulfonyl chloride ( 3 ), toluenesulfonyl chloride ( 4 ), and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride ( 5 ), respectively. In contrast to the aliphatic (sulfonyloxy)nitriles ( R )‐ 6, 7, 8a – e , the benzylic‐type mandelic acid derivatives ( R )‐ 7,8í are unstable at higher temperature. The 2‐(sulfonyloxy)nitriles ( R )1‐ 6, 7, 8a – e react at room temperature with alkali acetates in a typical S N 2 manner to give the cyanohydrin acetates ( S )‐ 9 in high optical purity. Under these reaction conditions, however, the mandelic‐type compounds ( R )‐ 7, 8í partly racemize and decompose. By hydrolysis of the acetates ( S )‐ 9 , ( S )1‐cyanohydrins ( S )‐ 2 of aliphatic aldehydes are easily available.
Long-range two-particle correlations of strange hadrons with charged particles in pPb and PbPb collisions at LHC energies (2015)

Measurements of two-particle angular correlations between an identified strange hadron (KS0 or Λ/Λ‾) and a charged particle, emitted in pPb collisions, are presented over a wide range in pseudorapidity and full azimuth. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 35 nb−1, were collected at a nucleon–nucleon center-of-mass energy (sNN) of 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The results are compared to semi-peripheral PbPb collision data at sNN=2.76 TeV, covering similar charged-particle multiplicities in the events. The observed azimuthal correlations at large relative pseudorapidity are used to extract the second-order (v2) and third-order (v3) anisotropy harmonics of KS0 and Λ/Λ‾ particles. These quantities are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity in the event and the transverse momentum of the particles. For high-multiplicity pPb events, a clear particle species dependence of v2 and v3 is observed. For pT<2 GeV, the v2 and v3 values of KS0 particles are larger than those of Λ/Λ‾ particles at the same pT. This splitting effect between two particle species is found to be stronger in pPb than in PbPb collisions in the same multiplicity range. When divided by the number of constituent quarks and compared at the same transverse kinetic energy per quark, both v2 and v3 for KS0 particles are observed to be consistent with those for Λ/Λ‾ particles at the 10% level in pPb collisions. This consistency extends over a wide range of particle transverse kinetic energy and event multiplicities.