gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Measurement Method Using a Modulated Probe Array for Phase of Electromagnetic Field (2009)

A simultaneous measurement method using a parallel modulated probe array was proposed to measure the electromagnetic radiation rapidly. The performance of the system using this method was demonstrated by the measurement time and some experimental results such as the radiation pattern and the antenna efficiency by our group. However, the phase measurement is not possible by using this system because of its structure. In this report, a phase measurement method using digital signal processing is proposed and some results of preliminarily experiments are demonstrated.
Increasing the user perceived quality for IPTV services (2008)

Currently, digital television is gradually replacing analogue TV. Although these digital TV services can be delivered via various broadcast networks (e.g., terrestrial, cable, satellite), Internet Protocol TV over broadband telecommunication networks offers much more than traditional broadcast TV. Not only can it improve the quality that users experience with this linear programming TV service, but it also paves the way for new TV services, such as video-on- demand, time-shifted TV, and network personal video recorder services, because of its integral return channel and the ability to address individual users. This article first provides an overview of a typical IPTV network architecture and some basic video coding concepts. Based on these, we then explain how IPTV can increase the linear programming TV quality experienced by end users by reducing channel-change latency and mitigating packet loss. For the latter, forward error correction and automatic repeat request techniques are discussed, whereas for the former a solution based on a circular buffer strategy is described. This article further argues that the availability of larger buffers in the network enables IPTV to better offer new services (in particular, time-shifted TV, network personal video recorder, and video-on-demand) than the competing platforms.
Lipidoid Nanoparticles Containing PD-L1 siRNA Delivered In Vivo Enter Kupffer Cells and Enhance NK and CD8+ T Cell-mediated Hepatic Antiviral Immunity (2013)

Effective clinical application of antiviral immunotherapies necessitates enhancing the functional state of natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells. An important mechanism for the establishment of viral persistence in the liver is the activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway. To examine the role of hepatic myeloid PD-L1 expression during viral infection, we determined the magnitude and quality of antiviral immune responses by administering PD-L1 short-interfering RNA (siRNA) encapsulated in lipidoid nanoparticles (LNP) in mice. Our studies indicate that Kupffer cells (KC) preferentially engulfed PD-L1 LNP within a short period of time and silenced Pdl1 during adenovirus and MCMV infection leading to enhanced NK and CD8(+) T cell intrahepatic accumulation, effector function (interferon (IFN)-γ and granzyme B (GrB) production), CD8(+) T cell-mediated viral clearance, and memory. Our results demonstrate that PD-L1 knockdown on KCs is central in determining the outcome of liver viral infections, and they represent a new class of gene therapy.Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e72; doi:10.1038/mtna.2012.63; published online 19 February 2013.
Dopamine D4 receptors are heterogeneously distributed in the striosomes/matrix compartments of the striatum (2002)

Two important aspects of striatal function, exploratory behaviour and motor co-ordination, require the integrity of the dopamine D4 receptor subtype. These receptors are also implicated in the pathophysiology of certain neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the distribution of D4 receptors in the striatum has not yet been described and this situation impairs our understanding of the anatomical substrate in which D4 receptors function. We developed a D4 receptor-specific antibody that has permitted us to investigate the regional and cellular localization of the receptor in the neostriatum of the rat, mouse, cat and monkey. The subcellular distribution and the synaptic organization of this receptor were also determined in the rat striatum. We found moderate levels of D4 receptor expression in the caudoputamen and lower levels in the nucleus accumbens. These receptors were expressed in cell bodies and in the neuropil and were heterogeneously distributed among different striatal compartments, being more abundant in striosomes than in the matrix. At the subcellular level, the receptor immunoreactivity was mainly localized to dendritic shafts and spines. The prominent immunoreactivity observed in the striosomes indicates that integrative processes involved in D4-mediated limbic behaviours occurs through the striosomes rather than accumbens, whereas the motor behaviour is based in the striatal matrix.
PV panel model based on datasheet values (2007)

This work presents the construction of a model for a PV panel using the single-diode five-parameters model, based exclusively on data-sheet parameters. The model takes into account the series and parallel (shunt) resistance of the panel. The equivalent circuit and the basic equations of the PV cell/panel in Standard Test Conditions (STC) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> are shown, as well as the parameters extraction from the data-sheet values. The temperature dependence of the cell dark saturation current is expressed with an alternative formula, which gives better correlation with the datasheet values of the power temperature dependence. Based on these equations, a PV panel model, which is able to predict the panel behavior in different temperature and irradiance conditions, is built and tested.
Dynamic, self-assembled aggregates of magnetized, millimeter-sized objects rotating at the liquid-air interface: Macroscopic, two-dimensional classical artificial atoms and molecules (2001)

This paper describes self-assembly of millimeter-sized, magnetized disks floating on a liquid-air interface, and rotating under the influence of a rotating external magnetic field. Spinning of the disks results in hydrodynamic repulsion between them, while the rotating magnetic field produces an average confining potential acting on all disks. The interplay between hydrodynamic and magnetic interactions leads to the formation of patterns. Theoretical analysis of hydrodynamic and magnetic forces indicates that the interactions in this system are similar to those acting in systems of finite numbers of particles behaving classically ("classical artificial atoms"). Macroscopic artificial atoms and molecules are described, and the rules governing their morphologies outlined.
Titelbild: Hoch enantioselektive Aza‐Baylis‐Hillman‐Reaktion in einem chiralen Reaktionsmedium (Angew. Chem. 22/2006) (2006)

Chirale Lösungsmittel sind doch in der Lage, asymmetrische Reaktionen mit hoher Induktion zu steuern. Funktionalisierte chirale ionische Flüssigkeiten erscheinen hierfür besonders vielversprechend, da sie starke Wechselwirkungen wie elektrostatische Anziehung oder Wasserstoffbrücken mit den Reaktanten und/oder Intermediaten eingehen können. W. Leitner et al. berichten in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3772 ff., wie mithilfe dieses Konzepts in der Aza‐Baylis‐Hillman‐Reaktion bis 84 % ee erreicht werden.
The Tomato Sequencing Project, the first cornerstone of the International Solanaceae Project (SOL) (2005)

The genome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is being sequenced by an international consortium of 10 countries (Korea, China, the United Kingdom, India, The Netherlands, France, Japan, Spain, Italy and the United States) as part of a larger initiative called the 'International Solanaceae Genome Project (SOL): Systems Approach to Diversity and Adaptation'. The goal of this grassroots initiative, launched in November 2003, is to establish a network of information, resources and scientists to ultimately tackle two of the most significant questions in plant biology and agriculture: (1) How can a common set of genes/proteins give rise to a wide range of morphologically and ecologically distinct organisms that occupy our planet? (2) How can a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of plant diversity be harnessed to better meet the needs of society in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner? The Solanaceae and closely related species such as coffee, which are included in the scope of the SOL project, are ideally suited to address both of these questions. The first step of the SOL project is to use an ordered BAC approach to generate a high quality sequence for the euchromatic portions of the tomato as a reference for the Solanaceae. Due to the high level of macro and micro-synteny in the Solanaceae the BAC-by-BAC tomato sequence will form the framework for shotgun sequencing of other species. The starting point for sequencing the genome is BACs anchored to the genetic map by overgo hybridization and AFLP technology. The overgos are derived from approximately 1500 markers from the tomato high density F2-2000 genetic map (http://sgn.cornell.edu/). These seed BACs will be used as anchors from which to radiate the tiling path using BAC end sequence data. Annotation will be performed according to SOL project guidelines. All the information generated under the SOL umbrella will be made available in a comprehensive website. The information will be interlinked with the ultimate goal that the comparative biology of the Solanaceae-and beyond-achieves a context that will facilitate a systems biology approach.
3,4-O-Isopropylidene-2-C-methyl-D-galactonolactone (2010)

X-ray crystallography unequivocally confirmed the stereochemistry of the 2-C-methyl group in the title mol-ecule, C(10)H(16)O(6), in which the 1,5-lactone ring exists in a boat conformation. The use of d-galactose in the synthesis determined the absolute stereochemistry. The crystal exists as O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded layers in the ab plane, with each mol-ecule acting as a donor and acceptor for two hydrogen bonds.
Synthesis and characterization of colloidal ZnTe nanocrystals and ZnTe/ZnSe quantum dots (2018)

Quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the visible are of interest for many biomedical applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, drug targeting, and photodynamic therapy. However, a significant limitation is that QDs typically contain cadmium, which makes prospects for their FDA approval very unlikely. Previous work has focused on InP and ZnO as alternative semiconductor materials for QDs. However, these nanoparticles have also been shown to be cytotoxic. High-efficiency luminescent ZnTe-based QDs could be a reasonable alternative to Cd-containing QDs. In this paper, we present preliminary results of our recent studies of ZnTe-based QDs, including their synthesis, structural characterization, and optical properties.
Supplementary Materials and Methods, Figures S1 - S8 from Periprostatic Adipose Tissue Favors Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion in an Obesity-Dependent Manner: Role of Oxidative Stress (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Coculture with preadipocytes has no effect on cancer cell invasion and coculture with mature adipocytes has no effect on prostate cancer cell number. Supplementary Figure S2. Adrenergic receptors do not control adipocyte lipolysis in response to tumor cell secretions. Supplementary Figure S3. The metabolic remodeling towards uncoupled FAO observed in cocultivated cells is not involved in the increase in prostate cancer invasion induced by adipocytes. Supplementary Figure S4. ROS positively regulate prostate cancer cells invasion. Supplementary Figure S5. 10mM NAC and 10μM DPI do not affect PC3 viability. Supplementary Figure S6. Coculture and palmitate stimulate tumor invasion through NOX in Du-145 cells. Supplementary Figure S7. NOX5 invalidation leads to a strong decrease in cell survival.&lt;/p&gt;
GMC: a GPU implementation of a Monte Carlo dose calculation based on Geant4 (2012)

We present a GPU implementation called GMC (GPU Monte Carlo) of the low energy (<100 GeV) electromagnetic part of the Geant4 Monte Carlo code using the NVIDIA® CUDA programming interface. The classes for electron and photon interactions as well as a new parallel particle transport engine were implemented. The way a particle is processed is not in a history by history manner but rather by an interaction by interaction method. Every history is divided into steps that are then calculated in parallel by different kernels. The geometry package is currently limited to voxelized geometries. A modified parallel Mersenne twister was used to generate random numbers and a random number repetition method on the GPU was introduced. All phantom results showed a very good agreement between GPU and CPU simulation with gamma indices of >97.5% for a 2%/2 mm gamma criteria. The mean acceleration on one GTX 580 for all cases compared to Geant4 on one CPU core was 4860. The mean number of histories per millisecond on the GPU for all cases was 658 leading to a total simulation time for one intensity-modulated radiation therapy dose distribution of 349 s. In conclusion, Geant4-based Monte Carlo dose calculations were significantly accelerated on the GPU.
Mesogen (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Disequilibrium pH and ammonia transport in isolated perfused cortical collecting ducts (1987)

The present study was carried out to test directly whether isolated perfused rabbit cortical collecting ducts (CCDs) spontaneously generate a luminal disequilibrium pH. We determined disequilibrium pH as the difference between 1) the actual luminal pH measured by perfusing the lumen with a membrane-impermeant pH-sensitive dye [1,4-dihydroxyphthalonitrile (1,4-DHPN)] and 2) equilibrium pH calculated from the measured total CO2 concentration in fluid collected at the end of the tubule. When the peritubular bath and perfusate had the same composition, a statistically significant acidic disequilibrium pH was found (mean -0.14 units). To determine whether the disequilibrium pH is due to an absolute lack of luminal carbonic anhydrase, we measured the effective rate constant for carbonic acid dehydration in the lumen (k-1). To do this, a lumen-to-bath NH3 concentration gradient was imposed, and the luminal pH was measured along the tubule with 1,4-DHPN. NH3 absorption caused a luminal disequilibrium pH (due to dissociation of NH+4 to NH3 and H+), whose profile along the lumen is dependent on k-1 and NH3 permeability (PNH3). PNH3 and k-1 were estimated from the luminal pH profiles using a mathematical model of proton and buffer transport. The measured k-1 (37 s-1) is within the reported range of values for uncatalyzed H2CO3 dehydration. Calculations demonstrate that the measured PNH3 (2 X 10(-3) cm/s) is high enough and the measured k-1 is low enough to explain ammonia secretion rates seen in previous studies. We conclude that proton secretion in the CCD generates an acidic luminal disequilibrium pH, associated with an absolute lack of luminal carbonic anhydrase, which enhances the net rate of NH3 secretion.
Temporal Deep Learning for Drone Micro-Doppler Classification (2018)

This work builds temporal deep learning architectures for the classification of time-frequency signal representations on a novel model of simulated radar datasets. We show and compare the success of these models and validate the interest of temporal structures to gain on classification confidence over time.
Source-pull/load-pull measurement system based on rf and baseband coherent active branches using broadband six-port reflectometers (2007)

This paper reports an innovative source and load-pull measurement system suitable for power transistor characterization using complex modulated signals. The main originality of the proposed system is the use of active branches driven by a single RF and baseband coherent multi-harmonic vector signal generator. One broadband six-port reflectometer is used as a homodyne vector network analyzer to measure the impedances at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies at the device under test output terminal. To demonstrate the capabilities of the measurement system, source-pull and load-pull measurements are performed on a medium power FET to optimize its efficiency.
A mock heart engineered with helical aramid fibers for in vitro cardiovascular device testing (2017)

Mock heart circulation loops (MHCLs) serve as in-vitro platforms to investigate the physiological interaction between circulatory systems and cardiovascular devices. A mock heart (MH) engineered with silicone walls and helical aramid fibers, to mimic the complex contraction of a natural heart, has been developed to advance the MHCL previously developed in our group. A mock aorta with an anatomical shape enables the evaluation of a cannulation method for ventricular assist devices (VADs) and investigation of the usage of clinical measurement systems like pressure-volume catheters. Ventricle and aorta molds were produced based on MRI data and cast with silicone. Aramid fibers were layered in the silicone ventricle to reproduce ventricle torsion. A rotating hollow shaft was connected to the apex enabling the rotation of the MH and the connection of a VAD. Silicone wall thickness, aramid fiber angle and fiber pitch were varied to generate different MH models. All MH models were placed in a tank filled with variable amounts of water and air simulating the compliance. In this work, physiological ventricular torsion angles (15°-26°) and physiological pressure-volume loops were achieved. This MHCL can serve as a comprehensive testing platform for cardiovascular devices, such as artificial heart valves and cannulation of VADs.
Antimicrobial Activities of Zn-Doped CuO Microparticles Decorated on Polydopamine against Sensitive and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (2020)

A polydopamine (PDA) composite was synthesized by depositing Zn-doped CuO (Zn@CuO) particles on polydopamine by one-step ultrasonication. XPS, XRD, and FTIR confirmed the formation of spherical Zn@CuO on PDA with resulting diameters ranging from 1 to 5 μm. The PDA-Zn@CuO at 0.125–0.5 mg/mL exhibited a superior activity over Zn@CuO against sensitive and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The Zn@CuO nanosized hybrid particles could penetrate the cell but interacted less effectively with bacterial biomolecules to provoke rapid cell lysis. PDA above 0.5 mg/mL also had a modest effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. However, much higher PDA concentrations were required to restrict the flow of essential nutrients and wastes in and out of the cytoplasmic matrix and resulted in eventual cell death. The binding of PDA-Zn@CuO to bacteria played an important role in causing bacterial death, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) also effectively contributed to cell killing.
Efficient Generation of THz Pulses with 0.4 mJ Energy (2014)

THz pulses with more than 0.4 mJ energy were generated with 0.77% efficiency by optical rectification of 785-fs laser pulses in LiNbO3 using tilted-pulse-front pumping. The spectral peak is at about 0.2 THz, suitable for charged-particle manipulation.
A capillary-based multiplexed isothermal nucleic acid-based test for sexually transmitted diseases in patients (2016)

We demonstrate a multiplexed loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for infectious disease diagnostics, where the analytical process flow of target pathogens genomic DNA is performed manually by moving magnetic beads through a series of plugs in a capillary. Heat is provided by a water bath and the results are read by the naked eye, enabling applications in low resource settings.
Assessment of Photosensitizer Dosimetry and Tissue Damage Assay for Photodynamic Therapy in Advanced-stage Tumors¶ (2004)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy is a complex function of tissue sensitivity, photosensitizer (PS) uptake, tissue oxygen concentration, delivered light dose and some other parameters. To better understand the mechanisms and optimization of PDT treatment, we assessed two techniques for quantifying tissue PS concentration and two methods for quantifying pathological tumor damage. The two methods used to determine tissue PS concentration kinetic were in vivo fluorescence probe and ex vivo chemical extraction. Both methods show that the highest tumor to normal tissue PS uptake ratio appears 4 h after PS administration. Two different histopathologic techniques were used to quantify tumor and normal tissue damage. A planimetry assessment of regional tumor necrosis demonstrated a linear relationship with increasing light dose. However, in large murine tumors this finding was complicated by the presence of significant spontaneous necrosis. A second method (densitometry) assessed cell death by nuclear size and density. With some exceptions the densitometry method generally supported the planimetry results. Although the densitometry method is potentially more accurate, it has greater potential subjectivity. Finally, our research suggests that the tools or methods we are studying for quantifying PS levels and tissue damage are necessary for the understanding of PDT effect and therapeutic ratio in experimental in vivo tumor research.
Chemical stability and electroconductivity of 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane salts containing polycation polymers (1978)

Abstract The chemical and electrical stabilities of 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) salts composed of neutral TCNQ (TCNQ ˆ ), anion radicals of TCNQ(TCNQ − ·), and polycation polymers were studied by measuring their electronic spectra and resistivities (ρ). The results of spectral and chemical analyses confirmed that TCNQ − · in TCNQ salts was decomposed to α,α‐dicyano‐ p ‐toluoylcyanide (DTC − ) as the final product by the intermediate formation of TCNQ ˆ and p ‐phenylenediamalononitrile (H 2 TCNQ) and that H 2 O played an important part in the reaction. From these results it was concluded that TCNQ salts are decomposed by two reaction processes: The resistivity of TCNQ salts increases with the decomposition of TCNQ − ·. Studies on electroconductivity of TCNQ salts assume that the change in resistivity arises from the loss of unpaired electrons which become conduction carriers and also from the disintegration of the TCNQ ˆ and TCNQ − · complex which forms the conduction path.
Improved FBG Polarimeter Design Evaluated Using VCM Extension to Elliptical Polarization (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Polarimeters for measuring the Stokes parameters have evolved significantly over the years from a variety of bulk-optic configurations to a number of elegant in-fiber designs. In this paper, we exploit recent advances in tilted fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology to propose an improved in-line polarimeter that samples more than four detected beams with only two tilted FBGs. Based on theoretical analysis and simulation utilizing an extended formulation of the Volume Current Method (VCM), we demonstrate that this design reduces average Stokes vector errors by 20% for every state of polarization (SOP), facilitating monitoring at lower signal to noise ratios (SNRs). </para>