gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional correlation of nuclear relaxation rates and diffusion tensors for model-free investigations of heterogeneous anisotropic porous materials (2018)

Despite their widespread use in non-invasive studies of porous materials, conventional MRI methods yield ambiguous results for microscopically heterogeneous materials such as brain tissue. While the forward link between microstructure and MRI observables is well understood, the inverse problem of separating the signal contributions from different microscopic pores is notoriously difficult. Here, we introduce an experimental protocol where heterogeneity is resolved by establishing 6D correlations between the individual values of isotropic diffusivity, diffusion anisotropy, orientation of the diffusion tensor, and relaxation rates of distinct populations. Such procedure renders the acquired signal highly specific to the sample's microstructure, and allows characterization of the underlying pore space without prior assumptions on the number and nature of distinct microscopic environments. The experimental feasibility of the suggested method is demonstrated on a sample designed to mimic the properties of nerve tissue. If matched to the constraints of whole body scanners, this protocol could allow for the unconstrained determination of the different types of tissue that compose the living human brain.
Rapid Microwave Synthesis and Purification of Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRapid Microwave Synthesis and Purification of Porous Covalent Organic FrameworksNeil L. Campbell, Rob Clowes, Lyndsey K. Ritchie, and Andrew I. Cooper*View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 2, 204–206Publication Date (Web):January 5, 2009Publication History Received2 November 2008Revised11 December 2008Published online5 January 2009Published inissue 27 January 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm802981mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cm802981mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12142Altmetric-Citations363LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Covalent organic frameworks,Electromagnetic radiation,Granular materials,Materials Get e-Alerts
The value and validation of broad spectrum biosensors for diagnosis and biodefense (2013)

Broad spectrum biosensors capable of identifying diverse organisms are transitioning from the realm of research into the clinic. These technologies simultaneously capture signals from a wide variety of biological entities using universal processes. Specific organisms are then identified through bioinformatic signature-matching processes. This is in contrast to currently accepted molecular diagnostic technologies, which utilize unique reagents and processes to detect each organism of interest. This paradigm shift greatly increases the breadth of molecular diagnostic tools with little increase in biochemical complexity, enabling simultaneous diagnostic, epidemiologic, and biothreat surveillance capabilities at the point of care. This, in turn, offers the promise of increased biosecurity and better antimicrobial stewardship. Efficient realization of these potential gains will require novel regulatory paradigms reflective of the generalized, information-based nature of these assays, allowing extension of empirical data obtained from readily available organisms to support broader reporting of rare, difficult to culture, or extremely hazardous organisms.
855: Development of PRE and Post-Operative Nomograms for Erectile Function Recovery after Radical Prostatectomy (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium 30, Monday, May 21, 2007, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2007855: Development of PRE and Post-Operative Nomograms for Erectile Function Recovery after Radical Prostatectomy John P. Mulhall, Nelson E. Bennett, James A. Eastham, Peter T. Scardino, and Michael W. Kattan John P. MulhallJohn P. Mulhall More articles by this author , Nelson E. BennettNelson E. Bennett More articles by this author , James A. EasthamJames A. Eastham More articles by this author , Peter T. ScardinoPeter T. Scardino More articles by this author , and Michael W. KattanMichael W. Kattan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)31095-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "855: Development of PRE and Post-Operative Nomograms for Erectile Function Recovery after Radical Prostatectomy." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 285 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 285 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information John P. Mulhall More articles by this author Nelson E. Bennett More articles by this author James A. Eastham More articles by this author Peter T. Scardino More articles by this author Michael W. Kattan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Two-center interferences in photoionization of a dissociatingH2+molecule (2011)

We analyze two-center interference effects in the yields of ionization of a dissociating hydrogen molecular ion by an ultrashort vuv laser pulse. To this end, we performed numerical simulations of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for a ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}{}^{+}$ model ion interacting with two time-delayed laser pulses. The scenario considered corresponds to a pump-probe scheme, in which the first (pump) pulse excites the molecular ion to the first excited dissociative state and the second (probe) pulse ionizes the electron as the ion dissociates. The results of our numerical simulations for the ionization yield as a function of the time delay between the two pulses exhibit characteristic oscillations due to interferences between the partial electron waves emerging from the two protons in the dissociating hydrogen molecular ion. We show that the photon energy of the pump pulse should be in resonance with the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u}$ transition and the pump pulse duration should not exceed 5 fs in order to generate a well-confined nuclear wave packet. The spreading of the nuclear wave packet during the dissociation is found to cause a decrease of the amplitudes of the oscillations as the time delay increases. We develop an analytical model to fit the oscillations and show how dynamic information about the nuclear wave packet, namely, velocity, mean internuclear distance, and spreading, can be retrieved from the oscillations. The predictions of the analytical model are tested well against the results of our numerical simulations.
Automated Brain-Tissue Segmentation by Multi-Feature SVM Classification (2013)

We present a method for automated brain-tissue segmentation through voxelwise classification. Our algorithm uses manually labeled training images to train a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, which is then used for the segmentation of target images. The classification incorporates voxel intensities from a T1-weighted scan, an IR scan, and a FLAIR scan; features to encode the voxel position in the image; and Gaussian-scale-space features and Gaussian-derivative features at multiple scales to facilitate a smooth segmentation. An experiment on data from the MRBrainS13 brain-tissue-segmentation challenge showed that our algorithm produces reasonable segmentations in a reasonable amount of time.
Monte Carlo and Reconstruction Membership Inference Attacks against Generative Models (2019)

Abstract We present two information leakage attacks that outperform previous work on membership inference against generative models. The first attack allows membership inference without assumptions on the type of the generative model. Contrary to previous evaluation metrics for generative models, like Kernel Density Estimation, it only considers samples of the model which are close to training data records. The second attack specifically targets Variational Autoencoders, achieving high membership inference accuracy. Furthermore, previous work mostly considers membership inference adversaries who perform single record membership inference. We argue for considering regulatory actors who perform set membership inference to identify the use of specific datasets for training. The attacks are evaluated on two generative model architectures, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoen-coders (VAEs), trained on standard image datasets. Our results show that the two attacks yield success rates superior to previous work on most data sets while at the same time having only very mild assumptions. We envision the two attacks in combination with the membership inference attack type formalization as especially useful. For example, to enforce data privacy standards and automatically assessing model quality in machine learning as a service setups. In practice, our work motivates the use of GANs since they prove less vulnerable against information leakage attacks while producing detailed samples.
Diversity of MIMO Linear Precoding (2012)

Linear precoding is a relatively simple method of MIMO signaling that can also be optimal in certain special cases. This paper is dedicated to high-SNR analysis of MIMO linear precoding. The Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff (DMT) of a number of linear precoders is analyzed. Furthermore, since the diversity at finite rate (also known as the fixed-rate regime, corresponding to multiplexing gain of zero) does not always follow from the DMT, linear precoders are also analyzed for their diversity at fixed rates. In several cases, the diversity at multiplexing gain of zero is found not to be unique, but rather to depend on spectral efficiency. The analysis includes the zero-forcing (ZF), regularized ZF, matched filtering and Wiener filtering precoders. We calculate the DMT of ZF precoding under two common design approaches, namely maximizing the throughput and minimizing the transmit power. It is shown that regularized ZF (RZF) or Matched filter (MF) suffer from error floors for all positive multiplexing gains. However, in the fixed rate regime, RZF and MF precoding achieve full diversity up to a certain spectral efficiency and zero diversity at rates above it. When the regularization parameter in the RZF is optimized in the MMSE sense, the structure is known as the Wiener precoder which in the fixed-rate regime is shown to have diversity that depends not only on the number of antennas, but also on the spectral efficiency. The diversity in the presence of both precoding and equalization is also analyzed.
Exploring Different Strategies for Efficient Delivery of Colorectal Cancer Therapy (2015)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world. Currently available chemotherapy of CRC usually delivers the drug to both normal as well as cancerous tissues, thus leading to numerous undesirable effects. Much emphasis is being laid on the development of effective drug delivery systems for achieving selective delivery of the active moiety at the anticipated site of action with minimized unwanted side effects. Researchers have employed various techniques (dependent on pH, time, pressure and/or bacteria) for targeting drugs directly to the colonic region. On the other hand, systemic drug delivery strategies to specific molecular targets (such as FGFR, EGFR, CD44, EpCAM, CA IX, PPARγ and COX-2) overexpressed by cancerous cells have also been shown to be effective. This review aims to put forth an overview of drug delivery technologies that have been, and may be developed, for the treatment of CRC.
Interstitial Infusion of Glioma-Targeted Recombinant Immunotoxin 8H9scFv-PE38 (2010)

Monoclonal antibodies have the potential to target therapy for high-grade gliomas. Monoclonal antibody 8H9 is specific for membrane protein B7H3 and is reactive with most human high-grade gliomas. We tested the 8H9scFv-PE38 recombinant Pseudomonas immunotoxin in a preclinical model of high-grade glioma. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 8H9scFv-PE38 in vitro was determined using glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251. Maximum tolerated infusion dose of 8H9scFv-PE38 following interstitial infusion to the striatum and pons was defined using athymic rats. Maximum tolerated infusion dose of 8H9scFv-PE38 or PBS control were interstitially delivered to athymic rats xenografted with U87 in the striatum or brain stem. Radiographic response and survivals were measured and compared between treatment groups. The in vitro IC(50) of 8H9scFv-PE38 for U87 was 1,265 ng/mL and, for U251, 91 ng/mL. The maximum tolerated infusion doses of interstitially infused 8H9scFv-PE38 to the striatum and brain stem were 0.75 and 1.8 mug, respectively. For rats harboring intracranial U87 xenografts, infusion of 8H9scFv-PE38 increased mean survival (striatum, 43.4 versus 24.6 days; brain stem, 80.6 versus 45.5 days; n = 28 total) and produced three long-term survivors past 120 days. None of the 14 placebo-treated animals survived >54 days. Tumors also showed volumetric response to infusion of 8H9scFv-PE38 by magnetic resonance imaging. Interstitial infusion of 8H9scFv-PE38 shows potential for the treatment of hemispherical and brain stem glioma. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 1039-46. (c)2010 AACR.
The influence of immunostim plus: A standardized fixed combination of Schizandra Chinensis with Eleutherococcus Senticosus extracts on blood phagocytes and lysozyme activity in pigs (2004)

The in vivo influence of radix Eleutherococcus and fructus Schizandrae combined extracts on blood phagocytes and lysozyme activity in females of pigs was studied. Feeding pig females for 7 days with Immunostim Plus (combined extract), 300 mg per day, increased the respiratory burst of blood phagocytes measured by colorimetric assay (RBA) and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes determined by colorimetric assay (PKA). Also the Immunostim Plus increased the lysozyme activity in serum measured by turbidimetric assay.
Probing resonant linewidth narrowing in quantum dot emission with above-band light (2016)

An above-band laser can increase the brightness from quantum dots states. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidth and line-shape of semiconductor quantum dots under resonant fluorescence are investigated for such states.
[Standards, options and recommendations for the management of locally advanced non small cell lung carcinoma]. (2001)

The main recommendations are: 1) The management of the locally advanced non small cell lung carcinoma has two main goals: firstly to obtain local control of the disease (or to at least delay local progression in order to improve the survival or relapse free survival), and secondly to prevent the development of metastases. 2) There is a consensus that locally advanced non small cell lung carcinoma should be irradiated. External beam radiotherapy should be of optimal quality and delivered at a minimal dose of 60 Gy by standard fractionation. For patients with a poor life expectancy, this can be delivered as a split-course or hypofractionated scheme. 3) Treatment for patients with a performance status of 0-1 should consist of short duration induction chemotherapy (with a least two drugs one of which must be cisplatin), combined sequentially with conventional radiotherapy. 4) Surgery is contraindicated in extensive N3 disease. Combined radio-chemotherapy (adjuvant or neoadjuvant) is not indicated outside clinical trials. Surgery is justified in stage N2 disease as good local control can be achieved. T4-N0 disease should be treated surgically with curative intent.
Hydrophilic and Functionalized Nanographene Oxide Incorporated Faster Dissolving Megestrol Acetate (2021)

The aim of this work is to present an approach to enhance the dissolution of progestin medication, megestrol acetate (also known as MEGACE), for improving the dissolution rate and kinetic solubility by incorporating nano graphene oxide (nGO). An antisolvent precipitation process was investigated for nGO-drug composite preparation, where prepared composites showed crystalline properties that were similar to the pure drug but enhanced aqueous dispersibility and colloidal stability. To validate the efficient release profile of composite, in vitro dissolution testing was carried out using United States Pharmacopeia, USP-42 paddle method, with gastric pH (1.4) and intestinal pH (6.5) solutions to mimic in vivo conditions. Pure MA is practically insoluble (2 µg/mL at 37 °C). With the incorporation of nGO, it was possible to dissolve nearly 100% in the assay. With the incorporation of 1.0% of nGO, the time required to dissolve 50% and 80% of drug, namely T50 and T80, decreased from 138.0 min to 27.0 min, and the drug did not dissolve for 97.0 min in gastric media, respectively. Additionally, studies done in intestinal media have revealed T50 did not dissolve for 92.0 min. This work shows promise in incorporating functionalized nanoparticles into the crystal lattice of poorly soluble drugs to improve dissolution rate.
An Analysis of the Sequence Variability of Meningococcal fHbp, NadA and NHBA over a 50-Year Period in the Netherlands (2013)

Studies of meningococcal evolution and genetic population structure, including the long-term stability of non-random associations between variants of surface proteins, are essential for vaccine development. We analyzed the sequence variability of factor H-binding protein (fHbp), Neisserial Heparin-Binding Antigen (NHBA) and Neisseria adhesin A (NadA), three major antigens in the multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine 4CMenB. A panel of invasive isolates collected in the Netherlands over a period of 50 years was used. To our knowledge, this strain collection covers the longest time period of any collection available worldwide. Long-term persistence of several antigen sub/variants and of non-overlapping antigen sub/variant combinations was observed. Our data suggest that certain antigen sub/variants including those used in 4CMenB are conserved over time and promoted by selection.
The Endoscope System with Blue LASER Imaging (BLI) (2014)

We introduce a new generation endoscope system LASEREO using the new laser technology for illumination. The new laser illumination technology that combined two kinds of laser with a phosphor enables the detection of the fine structure of the mucous membrane. Furthermore, we realize narrowband light observation BLI (Blue LASER Imaging) which can emphasize a minute change of the mucous membrane structure by applying an original new image processing technology.
Photonic crystal devices for wavelength-division-multiplexing and optical modulation (2005)

This paper reviews photonic crystal (PC) based demultiplexers, and briefly reports our latest experimental achievement in ultra-compact, power-efficient silicon photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) modulators. We review the modeling techniques for photonic crystal superprism devices, which utilize anomalous refraction on a photonic crystal surface for wavelength demultiplexing. The finite difference time domain method tends to be time consuming for the superprism devices as such devices demand fine spatial grids to resolve fine wavelength difference. Other theoretical methods suffer a variety of other drawbacks. A general, efficient PC refraction theory that can handle any surface orientation is needed for scientific research and device design. We review a rigorous PC refraction theory that we recently developed for these needs. Essentially, the refraction problem can be rigorously solved by computing the electromagnetic field in only a single cell on the surface. A new concept, surface-orientation-dependent eigenmode degeneracy, is introduced to explain certain subtle effect that occurs when the surface orientation undergoes a slight change. In addition, the transmission of a Gaussian beam or other realistic beam profiles is discussed. A complete theoretical framework of the photonic crystal refraction and transmission has thus been established. The theory has been applied to design a high channel-count dense WDM demultiplexer with 3dB or lower losses. Lastly, a silicon PCW Mach-Zehnder modulator with an 80-micron interaction length is reported. The slow group velocity in PCWs is exploited to enhance the modulation efficiency and reduce the peak drive current to 0.15mA at a modulation depth over 90%.
fw2.2 Directly Affects the Size of Developing Tomato Fruit, with Secondary Effects on Fruit Number and Photosynthate Distribution (2001)

fw2.2 is a quantitative trait locus responsible for approximately 30% of the difference in fruit size between large, domesticated tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and their small-fruited wild relatives. The gene underlying this quantitative trait locus was cloned recently and shown to be associated with altered cell division in ovaries (Frary et al., 2000). However, it was not known whether the change in fruit size is associated with other changes in plant morphology or overall fruit yield-changes that could potentially cause the fruit weight phenotype. To shed light on this issue, a detailed comparison was made between nearly isogenic lines differing for alleles at this locus to search for pleiotropic effects associated with fw2.2. Field observations show that although the small-fruited nearly isogenic line produced smaller ovaries and fruit as expected, this was compensated by a larger number of fruit-due mainly to a significantly greater number of inflorescences-but with no net change in total fruit mass yield. This strongly suggests that fw2.2 may have a pleiotropic effect on how the plant distributes photosynthate among fruit. In a flower removal experiment to control for differences in inflorescence size and number, fruit size remained significantly different between the nearly isogenic lines. These observations indicate that the primary effect of fw2.2 is in controlling ovary and fruit size, and that other associated phenotypic effects are secondary.