gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anidulafungin Does Not Require Dosage Adjustment in Subjects With Varying Degrees of Hepatic or Renal Impairment (2007)

Two open-label studies assessed the effects of hepatic and renal impairment on anidulafungin pharmacokinetics. A single 50-mg dose was administered intravenously to subjects with varying degrees of hepatic or renal insufficiency or with end-stage renal disease; all were matched to normal healthy controls. Anidulafungin was well tolerated. AUC, CL, C(max), t(max), t(1/2), and V(ss) between renally impaired subjects and controls were not significantly different (P>.05), and no measurable amounts of drug were found in dialysate. The same pharmacokinetic parameters were also not affected (P>.05) by mild or moderate hepatic insufficiency, with respective mean AUCs of 50.6 +/- 11.7 microg x h/mL and 68.6 +/- 14.5 microg x h/mL, compared to 70.0 +/- 13.4 microg x h/mL in controls. Statistically significant decreases (P<05) of AUC (33% change) and C(max) (36% change) in severely hepatically impaired subjects compared to controls--most likely secondary to ascites and edema--were not clinically relevant. Anidulafungin can be safely administered to patients with any degree of hepatic or renal impairment without dosage adjustment and without regard to hemodialysis schedules.
A new method for the production of enriched polyphenolic extracts from propolis using adsorption resins (2010)

In previous works we have presented several applications for the production of enriched polyphenolic extracts from raw materials (olive mill waste water [1], winery byproducts, sesame [2]) using adsorption resins. Herein we describe the development of a new method for the production of enriched extracts from propolis. More specifically, two raw propolis samples (from geographically distinct regions of Greece: North Aegen and Crete) were first submitted to hydrodistillation in order to obtain the contained essential oil (0.14% and 0.12%) and the aqueous residue was filtered to remove the insoluble material (mainly non volatile terpenes and hydrocarbons: 61.2% and 60.5%). The filtrate was allowed to cool and the solidified wax (34.2% and 34.0%) was removed. The obtained clear solution was passed through a column containing adsorption resin XAD-4. The adsorbed polyphenols were desorbed using methanol and the obtained extract (1.8% and 1.5%) was analyzed by HPLC-UV. The contained phenolic acids (e.g. caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic) and flavonoids (e.g. pinobanksin) showed 50–100 fold increased concentration in comparison with the raw propolis. In parallel, the essential oil obtained during the first step was analysed by GCMS showing α-pinene as the major component (40.3%, 46.6%) followed by at least 25 common constituents. Chiral GCMS analysis showed significant differences in the (+)/(–) α-pinene ratio between the two samples suggesting that this factor could be very useful in the discrimination of propolis samples
The EPON PHY (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Overview of the chapter What to expect and who would benefit from reading this chapter 65: The ?>reader's digest ?> The Gigabit Ethernet layers Point-to-point emulation Burst mode operation Forward error correction (FEC) for 1000BASE-PX Delay through the PHY Summary of concepts covered in this chapter Additional references ]]>
Superconducting-Ferromagnetic Transistor (2014)

We report experimental results on the dc and ac characterization of multiterminal SFIFSIS devices (where S, I, and F denote a superconductor (Nb), an insulator (AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ), and a ferromagnetic material (Ni), respectively), which display transistor-like properties. We investigated two types of such superconducting-ferromagnetic transistors (SFTs): ordinary devices with a single acceptor (SIS) junction, and devices with a double acceptor. The devices with the single SIS acceptor were investigated and demonstrated a modulation of the maximum Josephson current as a function of the SFIFS current injection level. For devices of the second type, by applying an ac signal (in the kilohertz range) with a constant dc bias current to the injector (SFIFS) junction, we observed a voltage gain of about 25 on the double acceptor with the operating point chosen in the subgap region of the acceptor current-voltage characteristic. We also observed an excellent input-output isolation in our SFIFSIS devices. The experiments indicate that, after optimization of the device parameters, they can be used as input/output isolators and amplifiers for memory, digital, and RF applications.
[Critical analysis of the arteriography of primary malignant tumors of the bones, on the occasion of 19 unedited cases]. (1976)

From the analysis of a series of 62 unedited cases of arteriography of osseous tumors including 19 primary malignant tumors, it was confirmed that the majority of angiographic signs described as being characteristic of malignant tumors of the bones are not significant. They are found in benign tumors and in ordinary inflammatory phenomena: several cases of osteoid osteoma, myeloplax tumor or simply of osseous reconstruction permit one to make criticisms. On the other hand, one must endeavour to demonstrate, by means of a technique whose main elements are recalled, vascular abnormalities which are the only typical ones and which furthermore are found in "silent" tumors such as chondrosarcomas or fibrosarcomas. These vascular abnormalities are given in detail, and several examples of them are given.
Supplementary Figure 6 from First-in-Human Trial of a STAT3 Decoy Oligonucleotide in Head and Neck Tumors: Implications for Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 122K, STAT3 decoy treatment does not inhibit cell viability or STAT3 target gene expression in A4 STAT3 null cells&lt;/p&gt;
Cosmic Muon Rates and Neutron Background in a Backpack Radiation Detection System (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Radiation detection systems for security applications are often equipped with neutron sensors and required to promptly respond with an alarm if the neutron flux exceeds the background level. As the ambient neutron flux is essentially caused by cosmic radiation, this background could be evaluated by assessing the rate of muons crossing the gamma-ray detector which is comprised in such systems anyway. A study performed with a commercial Backpack Radiation Detection System (BRD) demonstrates the feasibility of this approach, supposed the gamma spectrometer is capable of discriminating muon signals from energetic events caused by the gamma-ray cascades following neutron captures. This requires a dynamic range exceeding the usual 3-4 MeV. The instrument used provided standard spectroscopy up to 10 MeV and facilitated charge-loss compensated spectroscopy up to 1 GeV, which allowed a separate assessment of normal gamma events (&lt; 3 MeV), neutron-capture gamma events (3-7 MeV), and muon events (&gt; 10 MeV). In this case, the rate of neutron-capture gamma events can be used as a neutron indicator on its own, while the muon rate signals the ambient neutron background level.&lt;/p&gt;
Negotiating Access Control Policies Between Autonomous Domains (2002)

Autonomous policy domains often need to share resources to accomplish a common task.To do this they must negotiate a common access control policy to the shared resources.We use mathematical techniques from game theory to show that the outcome of such negotiations can often be predicted from the distribution of power among the participants, independent of the actual mechanics of negotiation.We discuss the axiomatic derivation of some game theoretic solution concepts, and illustrate our techniques with examples.
Nanosession: Ionics ‐ Redox Kinetics, Ion Transport, and Interfaces (2012)

The role of electronic and ionic defects for the oxygen exchange reaction can nicely be studied on perovskite structured oxides ranging from semiconductors such as SrTiO3 to good electronic conductors such as (La,Sr)CoO3- δ. Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a perovskite-type transition metal oxide which exhibits insulating behavior, but can be reversibly switched into a conducting state by applying external voltage or current pulses. Electrolytes with high ionic conductivity at lower temperatures are the prerequisite for the success of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Unlike traditional layered oxide based cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, lithium and manganese rich oxide cathode materials form a structurally integrated nanocomposite of 2MnO3 and LiMO2 (where M=Co,Ni and Mn) by sharing a common oxide lattice. The chapter demonstrates that the lithium ion intercalation mechanism in these integrated cathodes is a complex process and the electrochemical performance of these cathode materials depends on various interrelated factors. Controlled Vocabulary Terms chemical exchanges; electrolytes; semiconductors; solid oxide fuel cells
Modeling HIV transfer between dendritic cells and T cells: importance of HIV phenotype, dendritic cell– T cell contact and T-cell activation (2000)

HIV transfer between monocyte-derived dendritic cells and autologous CD4 T cells was directly demonstrated using flow cytometry. The transfer proceeded in both directions, depended on cellular contact and was associated with partial T-cell activation. This model, representing relevant in vivo targets of HIV, is useful to further investigate interactions between HIV, DC and T cells, without the need for primary ex vivo DC.
Multi-photon effects in rare-earth-doped fibres (1987)

Energy transfer and frequency upconversion has been measured in optical fibres doped with less than 1% Yb&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; and 1% Er&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;. Efficient conversion of near infrared radiation (0.85-1.08µm) into green (550nm), red (680nm) and infrared fluorescence has been observed and applications discussed.
Biologic Potential of Amantadine-Resistant Influenza A Virus in an Avian Model (1989)

Amantadine has been accepted for both the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A virus infections. Although amantadine-resistant mutants have been shown to be readily generated both in the laboratory and in children treated with rimantadine, little is known about their biologic properties, such as genetic stability, transmissibility, or pathogenicity, compared with the parental virus. This study examined these properties using an avian influenza virus, A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2). Variants that were amantadine-resistant, virulent, and capable of competing with wild-type virus for transmission to susceptible hosts in the absence of the drug were selected. These amantadine-resistant variants were also genetically stable, showing no reversion to wild-type after six passages in birds over a period of greater than 20 d. Thus, these virus variants had no detectable biologic impairment. The mutations conferring drug resistance were in the M2 polypeptide and were identical to mutations previously described in human amantadine-resistant virus. These results suggest that resistant mutants may have the potential to threaten the effective use of amantadine and rimantadine for the control of epidemic influenza.
Experimental demonstration of self-collimation in a 3D photonic crystal (2006)

We present our experimental demonstration of self-collimation inside a three-dimensional (3D) simple cubic photonic crystal at microwave frequencies. The photonic crystal was designed with tailored dispersion property and fabricated by a high precision computer-controlled machine. The self-collimation modes were excited by a grounded waveguide feeding and detected by a scanning monopole. Self-collimation of electromagnetic waves in the 3D photonic crystal was demonstrated by measuring the 3D field distribution, which was shown as a narrow collimated beam inside the 3D photonic crystal whereas a diverged beam in the absence of the photonic crystal.
Reinforced Feature Points: Optimizing Feature Detection and Description for a High-Level Task (2020)

We address a core problem of computer vision: Detection and description of 2D feature points for image matching. For a long time, hand-crafted designs, like the seminal SIFT algorithm, were unsurpassed in accuracy and efficiency. Recently, learned feature detectors emerged that implement detection and description using neural networks. Training these networks usually resorts to optimizing low-level matching scores, often pre-defining sets of image patches which should or should not match, or which should or should not contain key points. Unfortunately, increased accuracy for these low-level matching scores does not necessarily translate to better performance in high-level vision tasks. We propose a new training methodology which embeds the feature detector in a complete vision pipeline, and where the learnable parameters are trained in an end-to-end fashion. We overcome the discrete nature of key point selection and descriptor matching using principles from reinforcement learning. As an example, we address the task of relative pose estimation between a pair of images. We demonstrate that the accuracy of a state-of-the-art learning-based feature detector can be increased when trained for the task it is supposed to solve at test time. Our training methodology poses little restrictions on the task to learn, and works for any architecture which predicts key point heat maps, and descriptors for key point locations.
A bond graph approach to energy efficiency analysis of a self-powered wireless pressure sensor (2007)

The energy efficiency of a self-powered wireless sensing system for pressure monitoring in injection molding is analyzed using Bond graph models. The sensing system, located within the mold cavity, consists of an energy converter, an energy modulator, and a ultrasonic signal transmitter. Pressure variation in the mold cavity is extracted by the energy converter and transmitted through the mold steel to a signal receiver located outside of the mold, in the form of ultrasound pulse trains. Through Bond graph models, the energy efficiency of the sensing system is characterized as a function of the configuration of a piezoceramic stack within the energy converter, the pulsing cycle of the energy modulator, and the thicknesses of the various layers that make up the ultrasonic signal transmitter. The obtained energy models are subsequently utilized to identify the minimum level of signal intensity required to ensure successful detection of the ultrasound pulse trains by the signal receiver. The Bond graph models established have shown to be useful in optimizing the design of the various constituent components within the sensing system to achieve high energy conversion efficiency under a compact size, which are critical to successful embedment within the mold structure.
Cation reduction and comproportionation as novel strategies to produce high voltage, halide free, carborane based electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries (2015)

The chemical reduction of reactive cations and comproportionation are two new strategies reported to produce halide free carborane based electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries.
Eplerenone Decreases Inflammatory Foci in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hearts With Minimal Effects on Blood Pressure (2009)

The blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists in salt-sensitive rat models of hypertension are well understood. However, studies in salt-independent models have yielded mixed results, and therefore, we measured the hemodynamic effects of MR blockade in spontaneously hypertensive rats. We treated spontaneously hypertensive rats for 8 weeks with 30-300 mg.kg.d eplerenone or 20 mg.kg.d losartan and monitored BP using radiotelemetry and performed histopathological analyses of the hearts. Eplerenone, in contrast to losartan, caused only a small reduction in systolic BP at the highest dose tested. Both reduced left ventricular wall thickness, although eplerenone was less effective than losartan. Only losartan decreased heart weight. We observed foci of cardiomyopathy characterized by combinations of infiltrating monocytes, necrotic myocytes, and interstitial fibrosis in hearts of control animals. The number of foci seemed to be decreased in hearts of losartan- and eplerenone-treated animals. In a second study, using quantitative histomorphometry, the number of foci was significantly reduced by 20 mg.kg.d losartan (by 68%) or by 300 mg.kg.d eplerenone (by 50%). Our data support the hypothesis that a direct BP-independent effect on the progression of cardiomyopathy in the heart may be one basis for the cardiac protection afforded by MR antagonism.
Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis (2011)

Electronic retinal prostheses seek to restore sight to patients suffering from retinal degenerative disorders. Implanted electrode arrays apply patterned electrical stimulation to surviving retinal neurons, producing visual sensations. All current designs employ inductively coupled coils to transmit power and/or data to the implant. We present here the design and initial testing of a photovoltaic retinal prosthesis fabricated with a pixel density of up to 177 pixels/mm<sup>2</sup>. Photodiodes within each pixel of the subretinal array directly convert light to stimulation current, avoiding the use of bulky coil implants, decoding electronics, and wiring, and thereby reducing surgical complexity. A goggles-mounted camera captures the visual scene and transmits the data stream to a pocket processor. The resulting images are projected into the eyes by video goggles using pulsed, near infrared (~900 nm) light. Prostheses with three pixel densities (15, 55, and 177 pix/mm<sup>2</sup>) are being fabricated, and tests indicate a charge injection limit of 1.62 mC/cm<sup>2</sup> at 25Hz. In vitro tests of the photovoltaic retinal stimulation using a 512-element microelectrode array have recorded stimulated spikes from the ganglion cells, with latencies in the 1-100ms range, and with peak irradiance stimulation thresholds varying from 0.1 to 1 mW/mm<sup>2</sup>. With 1ms pulses at 25Hz the average irradiance is more than 100 times below the IR retinal safety limit. Elicited retinal response disappeared upon the addition of synaptic blockers, indicating that the inner retina is stimulated rather than the ganglion cells directly, and raising hopes that the prosthesis will preserve some of the retina's natural signal processing.
Shrinking solid-state nanopores and nanoslits using electron beam induced deposition with different precursors (2009)

Solid-state nanopores of only a few nanometres in size have been in the spot-light during the last decade because of their potential use in applications such as molecule detection and DNA sequencing. They show greater stability than their biological counterparts, and can therefore be used in a broader range of environments. In most cases, the fabrication of such a nanopore requires the high-energy beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or focused ion beam (FIB) tool to drill or reshape a small hole in a freestanding membrane. Here, we present a novel method to reduce the size of existing nanopores using electron beam induced deposition (EBID) in a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM). The existing nanopores are etched in a silicon membrane using anisotropic wet etching and can be shrunk down to a few nanometres using EBID. In an unmodified SEM, shrinking can occur using the hydrocarbon contamination as a precursor, but we will show that by using a specifically designed environmental cell, it is possible to introduce different precursors and shrink the pore using almost any material desired.
A single-parasite transcriptional atlas of Toxoplasma gondii reveals novel control of antigen expression (2019)

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii , a protozoan parasite, undergoes a complex and poorly understood developmental process that is critical for establishing a chronic infection in its intermediate hosts. Here, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on &gt;5,400 Toxoplasma in both tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages using three widely studied strains to construct a comprehensive atlas of cell-cycle and asexual development, revealing hidden states and transcriptional factors associated with each developmental stage. Analysis of SAG1-related sequence (SRS) antigenic repertoire reveals a highly heterogeneous, sporadic expression pattern unexplained by measurement noise, cell cycle, or asexual development. Furthermore, we identified AP2IX-1 as a transcription factor that controls the switching from the ubiquitous SAG1 to rare surface antigens not previously observed in tachyzoites. In addition, comparative analysis between Toxoplasma and Plasmodium scRNA-seq results reveals concerted expression of gene sets, despite fundamental differences in cell division. Lastly, we built an interactive data-browser for visualization of our atlas resource.
A highly efficient enzymic route to novel chiral liquid crystals based on 3-aryl-2-cycloalken-1-ones (1994)

R. Brettle, D. A. Dunmur, L. D. Farrand and C. M. Marson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2305 DOI: 10.1039/C39940002305
Competitive stem cell recruitment by multiple cytotactic cues (2013)

A multitude of cytotactic cues direct cell migration in development, cancer metastasis and wound healing. However, our understanding of cell motility remains fragmented partially because current migration devices only allow the study of independent factors. We developed a cell motility assay that allows competitive recruitment of a given cell population simultaneously by gradients of multiple cytotactic cues, observable under real-time imaging. Well-defined uniform gradients of cytotactic cues can be independently generated and sustained in each channel. As a case study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) were exposed to 15 cytokines that are commonly present in arthritis. Cytokines that induced robust recruitment of MSCs in multiple groups were selected to 'compete' in a final round to yield the most chemotactic factor(s) based on cell migration numbers, distances, migration indices and motility over time. The potency of a given cytokine in competition frequently differed from its individual action, substantiating the need to test multiple cytokines concurrently due to synergistic or antagonistic effects. This new device has the rare capacity to screen molecules that induce cell migration in cancer therapy, drug development and tissue regeneration.
Design and realization of new generations of organic chromophores for electro-optics (2006)

There is great current interest in developing molecule-based electro-optic (EO) materials for opto-electronic and photonic technologies such as high-speed optical communications, integrated optics, and optical data processing and storage. Here we present the design rationale, synthesis, and molecular properties of two new organic chromophore classes enabling very large EO response along with new methodologies for self-assembling them in a non-centrosymmetric fashion. In the first class, we demonstrate that disruption of the π-conjugation via a sterically-induced molecular twisting results in unusual molecular characteristics and unprecedented hyperpolarizabilities (μβ values as high as -488,000 × 10-48 esu at 1907 nm). Guest-host poled polymers containing π-twisted chromophores exhibit very large electro-optic coefficients (r33) up to 320 pm/V at 1310 nm. Molecules of the second class enable the fabrication of acentric, high-quality, transparent, micrometer-thick films via physical vapor deposition. These systems are thermally stable and electro-optical-active films (r33 up to ∼20 pm/V) are prepared in few hours as a consequence of the pyridine-hydroxycarbonyl head-to-tail hydrogen bonding. © 2006 Old City Publishing, Inc.
Assessment of Cardiac Function During Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Simulation Study (2011)

Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs) have emerged as the standard of care for advanced heart failure (HF) patients, requiring mechanical circulatory support [1]. Regardless of the intended use, a small — yet significant — portion of implanted patients exhibits signs of recovery of the left ventricular function [2].