gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat-Induced Casein–Whey Protein Interactions (2012)

Contents 4.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................96 4.2 Solubility ....................................................................................................97
Fabrication and Performance of Li-S/Se Solid State Cathodes with Holey Graphene As a Conductive Scaffold and Binder (2022)

Electric aircraft demonstrate potential as the future of aviation, offering zero emissions, lower noise, and potentially lower operational costs than aircraft powered by internal combustion engines. Currently, state-of-the-art lithium (Li) ion batteries used to enable today’s electrical vehicles lack the specific energy (&lt; 250 Wh/kg) required to make electric flight (ideally requiring &gt;400 Wh/kg) an economically beneficial endeavor. Additionally, Li ion batteries introduce serious safety concerns due to the highly flammable organic liquid electrolytes contained within the cell. Li-sulfur/selenium (Li-S/Se) cell chemistries possess high theoretical energy densities (2600 and 1160 Wh/kg, respectively) and therefore are a promising option to power electric aircraft. Rings of S doped with Se as the active cathode material result in a cell electrochemistry that can provide a balanced energy and power output during their reaction with Li. To improve safety, the S/Se cathode can be implemented with a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) to ensure the batteries would not be flammable. However, there are tremendous challenges in optimizing the interface between SSEs and the active material in the cathode composite to achieve desirable performance. In this presentation, we report our findings on the cathode fabrication and performance for solid-state Li-S/Se battery cells. We demonstrate that holey graphene (hG), a structural derivative of graphene, can serve as a scaffold host and binder to facilitate the close contact between the active material and SSEs. In addition, hG has unique properties such as through plane holes and dry compressibility that can aid in the fabrication and electrochemical performance of these high energy density solid-state batteries.
The Effect of Private Information and Monitoring on the Role of Accounting Quality in Investment Decisions (2010)

We investigate how private information and monitoring affect the role of accounting quality in reducing the investment–cash flow sensitivity. We argue that access to private information and direct restrictions on investments are likely to affect the extent to which accounting quality reduces financing constraints. Our results suggest that, for financially constrained firms, banks’ access to private information decreases the value of accounting quality. We further find that, for both financially constrained and unconstrained firms, covenants directly restricting capital expenditures also mitigate the importance of accounting quality. Our results suggest that, when information asymmetry problems are likely to be the largest, accounting quality is most important. However, the importance of accounting quality is mitigated if outside capital suppliers have access to private information and is eliminated if they impose contractual restrictions on investment. We also provide evidence that banks’ access to private information reduces the cash flow sensitivity of cash and mitigates the importance of accounting quality in reducing this sensitivity. This additional evidence suggests that our investment–cash flow sensitivity results are not driven by measurement error of the investment opportunity set.
Marked regression of liver metastasis by combined therapy of ultrasound‐mediated NFkB‐decoy transfer and transportal injection of paclitaxel, in mouse (2007)

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF kappaB) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. In this study, we developed a decoy cis-element oligo-deoxyribonucleic acid against NF kappaB-binding site (NF kappaB-decoy), which effectively inhibits NF kappaB activity, and tested the effect of combined therapy comprising local transfection of NF kappaB-decoy into the liver and transportal injection of paclitaxel on cancer growth and metastasis using an orthotopic murine model of colon cancer liver metastasis. For NF kappaB-decoy transfection, we employed a novel approach using ultrasound exposure with an echocardiographic contrast agent, Optison. We examined the influence of NF kappaB-decoy transfer on susceptibility to paclitaxel in cancer cells and the mechanism involved using several in vitro analysis systems. We then studied the in vivo effect of combined NF kappaB-decoy transfer and paclitaxel in preventing cancer progression using a murine model of liver metastasis created by splenic injection of a human colon cancer cell line, HT29. In vitro experiments, including MTT-assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorter and cDNA array analysis, revealed that NF kappaB-decoy transfer significantly increased the susceptibility of cancer cells to paclitaxel, and that decreased expression of anti-apoptotic genes along with increased expression of genes relevant to the apoptosis-promotor may be involved. In vivo experiments showed that local transfection of NF kappaB-decoy into the liver followed by portal injection of paclitaxel effectively induced cancer cell apoptosis in the liver metastasis, and significantly prolonged animal survival compared to controls, without notable side effects. In conclusion, a combination of local NF kappaB-decoy transfer into the liver and transportal injection of paclitaxel may be a safe and effective new therapy for liver metastasis.
Transcriptome driven characterization of curly- and smooth-leafed endives reveals molecular differences in the sesquiterpenoid pathway (2018)

Endives (<i>Cichorium endivia</i> L.) are popular vegetables, diversified into curly/frisée- and smooth/broad-leafed (escaroles) cultivar types (cultigroups), and consumed as fresh and bagged salads. They are rich in sesquiterpene lactones (STL) that exert proven function on bitter taste and human health. The assembly of a reference transcriptome of 77,022 unigenes and RNA-sequencing experiments were carried out to characterize the differences between endives and escaroles at the gene structural and expression levels. A set of 3177 SNPs distinguished smooth from curly cultivars, and an SNP-supported phylogenetic tree separated the cultigroups into two distinct clades, consistently with the botanical varieties of origin (<i>crispum</i> and <i>latifolium</i>, respectively). A pool of 699 genes maintained differential expression pattern (core-DEGs) in pairwise comparisons between curly vs smooth cultivars grown in the same environment. Accurate annotation allowed the identification of 26 genes in the sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis pathway, which included several <i>g</i> <i>ermacrene</i> <i>A s</i> <i>ynthase</i>, <i>g</i> <i>ermacrene</i> <i>A o</i> <i>xidase</i> and <i>co</i> <i>stunolide</i> <i>s</i> <i>ynthase</i> members (<i>GAS</i>/<i>GAO</i>/<i>COS</i> module), required for the synthesis of costunolide, a key precursor of lactucopicrin- and lactucin-like sesquiterpene lactones. The core-DEGs contained a <i>GAS</i> gene (contig83192) that was positively correlated with STL levels and recurrently more expressed in curly than smooth endives, suggesting a cultigroup-specific behavior. The significant positive correlation of <i>GAS</i>/<i>GAO</i>/<i>COS</i> transcription and STL abundance (2.4-fold higher in frisée endives) suggested that sesquiterpenoid pathway control occurs at the transcriptional level. Based on correlation analyses, five transcription factors (MYB, MYB-related and WRKY) were inferred to act on contig83192/<i>GAS</i> and specific STL, suggesting the occurrence of two distinct routes in STL biosynthesis.
Inhibitors of the Herbicidal Target IspD: Allosteric Site Binding (2011)

The pick of the pockets: The first inhibitors for IspD, an enzyme from the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis, are described. High-throughput-screening revealed a hit with an IC50 value of 140 nM. Co-crystal structure analyses of the binding mode in the newly formed allosteric pocket (see structure, red ball: water O atom), lead to the synthesis of a set of 17 derivatives which were tested to optimize the herbicidal activity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The complexity of tree automata and logics of programs (1988)

The computational complexity of testing nonemptiness of finite-state automata on infinite trees is investigated. It is shown that for tree automata with m states and n pairs nonemptiness can be tested in time O((mn)/sup 3n/), even though the problem is in general NP-complete. The nonemptiness algorithm is used to obtain exponentially improved, essentially tight upper bounds for numerous important modal logics of programs, interpreted with the usual semantics over structures generated by binary relations. For example, it is shown that satisfiability for the full branching time logic CTL* can be tested in deterministic double exponential time. It also follows that satisfiability for propositional dynamic logic with a repetition construct (PDL-delta) and for the propositional mu-calculus (L mu ) can be tested in deterministic single exponential time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Observation of Intra-molecular Vibrational Dynamics using High-Harmonic Generation as a Probe (2006)

Intra-molecular vibrational dynamics in SF6 are observed, using electrons rescattered during the process of high-order harmonic generation. All of the Raman- active modes of SF6 are observed, as well as vibrational relaxation.
The influence of cooling rate on the microstructure of stainless steel alloys (1988)

The emergence of high energy density welding, laser surface modification and rapid solidification as commonly used metallurgical processing techniques has greatly increased the range of cooling rates that can be accessed during the solidification of metals and alloys. The microstructures which develop during these rapid cooling conditions may be significantly different from those which develop during low cooling rate conditions as the result of access to new metastable phases with the additional kinetic limitations that accompany rapid solidification. This investigation explores the influence of cooling rate on a series of seven ternary alloys which span the line of two-fold saturation in the Fe-Ni-Cr system. High speed electron beam surface melting was used to resolidify these alloys at scan speeds up to 5 m/s. The resulting cooling rates were estimated from dendrite arm spacing measurements and were confirmed by heat flow modeling to vary from 7 /times/ 10/sup 0/ /degree/C/s to 8 /times/ 10/sup 6/ /degree/C/s. The microstructures that developed from each solidification condition were examined using optical metallography, electron microprobe analysis, scanning electron microscopy and a vibrating sample magnetometer. These results were used to create diagrams to predict the primary mode of solidification, the ferrite content and the complex microstructural morphologies which develop as a function of interface velocity and composition. 158 refs., 90 figs., 45 tabs.
Adenosine A2A Receptors Intrinsically Regulate CD8+ T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment (2014)

Adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) blockade enhances innate and adaptive immune responses. However, mouse genetic studies have shown that A(2A)R deletion does not inhibit the growth of all tumor types. In the current study, we showed that growth rates for ectopic melanoma and bladder tumors are increased in Adora2a(-/-) mice within 2 weeks of tumor inoculation. A(2A)R deletion in the host reduced numbers of CD8(+) T cells and effector-memory differentiation of all T cells. To examine intrinsic functions in T cells, we generated mice harboring a T-cell-specific deletion of A(2A)R. In this host strain, tumor-bearing mice displayed increased growth of ectopic melanomas, decreased numbers of tumor-associated T cells, reduced effector-memory differentiation, and reduced antiapoptotic IL7Rα (CD127) expression on antigen-experienced cells. Intratumoral pharmacologic blockade similarly reduced CD8(+) T-cell density within tumors in wild-type hosts. We found that A(2A)R-proficient CD8(+) T cells specific for melanoma cells displayed a relative survival advantage in tumors. Thus, abrogating A(2A)R signaling appeared to reduce IL7R expression, survival, and differentiation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. One implication of these results is that the antitumor effects of A(2A)R blockade that can be mediated by activation of cytotoxic T cells may be overcome in some tumor microenvironments as a result of impaired T-cell maintenance and effector-memory differentiation. Thus, our findings imply that the efficacious application of A(2A)R inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy may require careful dose optimization to prevent activation-induced T-cell death in tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: POLAR ADDITION OF HYDROGEN BROMIDE TO OLEFINS, II. HYDROGEN BROMIDE ADDITION TO 1,1,4,4‐TETRAMETHYL‐1,4‐DIHYDRONAPHTHALENE‐ MECHANISTIC STUDIES (1978)

Abstract Wie berichtet, führt die Addition von HBr in Essigsäure/Chloroform an die Titelverbindung (I) zum Additionsprodukt (II) und den Umlagerungsprodukten (III), (IV) und (V).
Targeting glutamine metabolism enhances tumor specific immunity by inhibiting the generation of MDSCs and reprogramming tumor associated macrophages (2019)

Summary Myeloid cells comprise a major component of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) promoting tumor growth and immune evasion. By employing a novel small molecule inhibitor of glutamine metabolism not only were we able to inhibit tumor growth but we markedly inhibited the generation and recruitment of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC). Targeting tumor glutamine metabolism led to a decrease in CSF-3 and hence recruitment of MDSC as well immunogenic cell death leading to an increase in inflammatory Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs). Alternatively, inhibiting glutamine metabolism of the MDSC themselves led to activation induced cell death and conversion of MDSC to inflammatory macrophages. Surprisingly, blocking glutamine metabolism also inhibited IDO expression of both the tumor and myeloid derived cells leading to a marked decrease in kynurenine levels. This in turn inhibited the development of metastasis and further enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Indeed, targeting glutamine metabolism rendered checkpoint blockade-resistant tumors susceptible to immunotherapy. Overall, our studies define an intimate interplay between the unique metabolism of tumors and the metabolism of suppressive immune cells.
Mean bit-error rates for OFDM transmission with robust channel estimation and space diversity reception (2003)

This paper investigates the performance of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems applying linear minimum mean-square-error (LMMSE) based channel estimation for coherent detection. We analyze and discuss the robustness of the estimator's mean-square error (MSE) performance under estimator-to-channel statistics mismatch and derive a closed form expression of the mean bit-error rate (BER) for coherent binary signaling. Different cases of single antenna and diversity reception over Rayleigh and Rician fading multipath channels are considered.
Regulation of fat specific protein 27 by isoproterenol and TNF-α to control lipolysis in murine adipocytes (2010)

The lipid droplet-associated fat specific protein 27 (FSP27) suppresses lipolysis and thereby enhances triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes. We and others have recently found FSP27 to be a remarkably short-lived protein (half-life, 15 min) due to its rapid ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that lipolytic agents such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and isoproterenol modulate FSP27 levels to regulate FFA release. Consistent with this concept, we showed that the lipolytic actions of TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IFN-γ are accompanied by marked decreases in FSP27 expression and lipid droplet size in mouse adipocytes. Similar depletion of FSP27 using short interfering RNA (siRNA) mimicked the lipolysis-enhancing effect of TNF-α, while maintaining stable FSP27 levels using expression of hemagglutinin epitope-tagged FSP27 blocked TNF-α-mediated lipolysis. In contrast, we show the robust lipolytic action of isoproterenol is paradoxically associated with increases in FSP27 levels and a delayed degradation rate corresponding to decreased ubiquitination. This catecholamine-mediated increase in FSP27 abundance, probably a feedback mechanism for restraining excessive lipolysis by catecholamines, is mimicked by forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP treatment and is prevented by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor KT5720 or by PKA depletion using siRNA. Taken together, these data identify the regulation of FSP27 as an important intermediate in the mechanism of lipolysis in adipocytes in response to TNF-α and isoproterenol.
Low immunogenicity of emicizumab in persons with haemophilia A (2021)

The immunogenicity risk of emicizumab in phase 3 studies was low. ADAs, including in vitro neutralising ADAs, were not associated with a change in safety profile. Routine surveillance is, therefore, not warranted; however, in cases where a loss and/or waning of efficacy are observed, prompt evaluation by a healthcare provider should be sought.
5G Spatial Modeling of Personal RF-EMF Assessment Within Aircrafts Cabin Environments (2022)

Recently, new wireless communication systems within aircrafts cabins have drawn higher attention due to the growing demand of passenger services and applications and their corresponding requirements and constraints. In this regard, the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication becomes an attractive and promising alternative to enable aircraft passengers&#x2019; comfort and entertainment along the flight, considering its potential benefits in term of high data transfers and low latencies. Nevertheless, general population concern about radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) safety in general and, in particular to the environmental exposure at which we are all exposed in these flights, increases at the same time. Thus, in this work, we present an experimental campaign of measurements for current passengers&#x2019; environmental exposure assessment, performed in different real generalizable type of flights and aircrafts&#x2019; cabins, in order to provide current RF-EMF exposure insight within these complex heterogeneous environments. In addition, worst-case uplink 5G scenarios, where all 5G cellular handsets of the passengers operate at the same time, have been simulated by means of an in-house developed 3D Ray Launching (3D-RL) deterministic technique. Before takeoff and after landing, critical scenarios with the aircrafts&#x2019; doors closed have been selected and assessed considering different types of modeled aircrafts full of passengers, considering 5G frequency range 2 (5G-FR2) operating links. The obtained results show that the operation frequency and the morphology and topology of the aircraft cabin have a great influence in the environmental RF-EMF passengers&#x2019; spatial distribution and overall exposure, but not exceeding, even in worst case conditions, the international established regulatory limits.
Insulin Reveals Akt Signaling as a Novel Regulator of Norepinephrine Transporter Trafficking and Norepinephrine Homeostasis (2010)

Noradrenergic signaling in the CNS plays an essential role in circuits involving attention, mood, memory, and stress as well as providing pivotal support for autonomic function in the peripheral nervous system. The high-affinity norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) is the primary mechanism by which noradrenergic synaptic transmission is terminated. Data indicate that NET function is regulated by insulin, a hormone critical for the regulation of metabolism. Given the high comorbidity of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity with mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, we sought to determine how insulin signaling regulates NET function and thus noradrenergic homeostasis. Here, we show that acute insulin treatment, through the downstream kinase protein kinase B (Akt), significantly decreases NET surface expression in mouse hippocampal slices and superior cervical ganglion neuron boutons (sites of synaptic NE release). In vivo manipulation of insulin/Akt signaling, with streptozotocin, a drug that induces a type 1-like diabetic state in mice, also results in aberrant NET function and NE homeostasis. Notably, we also demonstrate that Akt inhibition or stimulation, independent of insulin, is capable of altering NET surface availability. These data suggest that aberrant states of Akt signaling such as in diabetes and obesity have the potential to alter NET function and noradrenergic tone in the brain. Furthermore, they provide one potential molecular mechanism by which Akt, a candidate gene for mood disorders such as schizophrenia and depression, can impact brain monoamine homeostasis.
Cytochrome P450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and coronary artery disease in humans: a targeted metabolomics study (2020)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) exhibit potent cardiovascular protective effects in preclinical models, and promoting the effects of EETs has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between circulating EET levels and CAD extent in humans, however, remains unknown. A panel of free (unesterified) plasma eicosanoid metabolites was quantified in 162 patients referred for coronary angiography, and associations with extent of CAD [no apparent CAD (N = 39), nonobstructive CAD (N = 51), and obstructive CAD (N = 72)] were evaluated. A significant relationship between free EET levels and CAD extent was observed (P = 0.003) such that the presence of obstructive CAD was associated with lower circulating EET levels. This relationship was confirmed in multiple regression analysis where CAD extent was inversely and significantly associated with EET levels (P = 0.013), and with a biomarker of EET biosynthesis (P < 0.001), independent of clinical and demographic factors. Furthermore, quantitative enrichment analysis revealed that these associations were the most pronounced compared with other eicosanoid metabolism pathways. Collectively, these findings suggest that the presence of obstructive CAD is associated with lower EET metabolite levels secondary to suppressed EET biosynthesis. Novel strategies that promote the effects of EETs may have therapeutic promise for patients with obstructive CAD.
Optimum detection for extracting maximum information from symmetric qubit sets (2001)

We demonstrate a class of optimum detection strategies for extracting the maximum information from sets of equiprobable real symmetric qubit states of a single photon. These optimum strategies have been predicted by Sasaki et al. [Phys. Rev. A 59, 3325 (1999)]. The peculiar aspect is that the detections with at least three outputs suffice for optimum extraction of information regardless of the number of signal elements. The cases of ternary (or trine), quinary, and septenary polarization signals are studied where a standard von Neumann detection (a projection onto a binary orthogonal basis) fails to access the maximum information. Our experiments demonstrate that it is possible with present technologies to attain about 96% of the theoretical limit.