gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-modal Probabilistic Prediction of Interactive Behavior via an Interpretable Model (2019)

For autonomous agents to successfully operate in real world, the ability to anticipate future motions of surrounding entities in the scene can greatly enhance their safety levels since potentially dangerous situations could be avoided in advance. While impressive results have been shown on predicting each agent's behavior independently, we argue that it is not valid to consider road entities individually since transitions of vehicle states are highly coupled. Moreover, as the predicted horizon becomes longer, modeling prediction uncertainties and multi-modal distributions over future sequences will turn into a more challenging task. In this paper, we address this challenge by presenting a multi-modal probabilistic prediction approach. The proposed method is based on a generative model and is capable of jointly predicting sequential motions of each pair of interacting agents. Most importantly, our model is interpretable, which can explain the underneath logic as well as obtain more reliability to use in real applications. A complicate real-world roundabout scenario is utilized to implement and examine the proposed method.
IL10 Secretion Endows Intestinal Human iNKT Cells with Regulatory Functions Towards Pathogenic T Lymphocytes (2022)

These results describe an unprecedentd IL10-mediated immunoregulatory role of intestinal iNKT cells in controlling the pathogenic functions of mucosal T helper subsets and in maintaining the intestinal immune homeostasis.
Sub-nm depth characterization of EUV nanoscale photoresist films by standing-wave photoemission spectroscopy (2020)

The success in the shrinking of the electronic device constituents depends mostly on the photolithographic techniques. For next generation lithography, in order to achieve the desired downscaling patterns (&lt;10 nm), extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation must be used and new materials must be developed. Standing Wave X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (SWXPS), a fairly new method in the EUV lithography field, is an ideal method for characterization such new materials. For example, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with standing-wave excitation can provide depth-selective information on the structural and chemical conditions of the photoresits as a function of temperature, exposure, or other parameters. We performed a SW-XPS feasibility study on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films after exposure to electron beam. SW-XPS determined the semi-quantitative chemical profiles of the SAM layer with sub-nm accuracy including the roughness/interdiffusion of both interfaces. We demonstrated that SW-XPS can provide indispensable information useful for understanding the depth composition of films as well effects of irradiation (e-beam or EUV) on the latest ultrathin photoresists.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) – A Tool for Single Molecule Detection in Solution (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: ‘Normal’ Raman Scattering, SERS and Single Molecule Raman Detection Physics behind the SERS Effect ‘Chemical’ Enhancement Electromagnetic Field Enhancement SERS Enhancement Factors and Effective SERS Cross Sections Single Molecule SERS Experiments SERS-active Substrates Raman System and Excitation Lasers Single Molecule Raman Spectra A Potential Application of Single Molecule Raman Spectroscopy in DNA Sequencing Anti-Stokes SERS – a Two-photon Raman Probe of Single Molecules Prospects of Single Molecule Raman Spectroscopy: Single Molecule Raman Spectroscopy vs. Single Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Intramolecular hydrogen transfer reactions catalyzed by pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium and cobalt olefin complexes: Mechanistic studies (2020)

The mechanism of intramolecular transfer dehydrogenation catalyzed by [Cp * M(VTMS) 2 ] ( 1 , M=Rh, 2 , M=Co, Cp* = C 5 Me 5 , VTMS = vinyltrimethylsilane) complexes has been studied using vinyl silane protected alcohols as substrates. Deuterium-labeled substrates have been synthesized and the regioselectivity of H/D transfers investigated using 1 H and 2 H NMR spectroscopy. The labeling studies establish a regioselective pathway consisting of alkene directed α C-H activation, 2,1 alkene insertion, and finally β-hydride elimination to give silyl enol ether products.
Structure of Lung-Mimetic Multilamellar Bodies with Lipid Compositions Relevant in Pneumonia (2019)

The hierarchical assembly of lipids, as modulated by composition and environment, plays a significant role in the function of biological membranes and a myriad of diseases. Elevated concentrations of calcium ions and cardiolipin (CL), an anionic tetra-alkyl lipid found in mitochondria and some bacterial cell membranes, have been implicated in pneumonia recently. However, their impact on the physicochemical properties of lipid assemblies in lungs and how it impairs alveoli function is still unknown. We use small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (S/WAXS) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) to probe the structure and dynamics of lung-mimetic multilamellar bodies (MLBs) in the presence of Ca2+ and CL. We conjecture that CL overexpressed in the hypophase of alveoli strongly affects the structure of lung-lipid bilayers and their stacking in the MLBs. Specifically, S/WAXS data revealed that CL induces significant shrinkage of the water-layer separating the concentric bilayers in multilamellar aggr...
A based microcontroller technique to achieve capacitive multisensing in passive RFID UHF tags (2018)

In this work, we propose a multiplexable low power capacitive sensor measurement circuit that can be incorporated in passive RFID UHF tags in order to achieve passive capacitive multisensing. Circuit parameters as excitation frequency, measurement time, sensor selection and sensor data can be controlled by any standard reader that access the tag RFID chip memory. The circuit was tested under the range of 22 to 220 pF with an excitation frequency of 10 kHz and the results demonstrated a 6% maximum deviation from the results obtained by an oscilloscope based measurement. It also was demonstrated that the RF harvested power can be enough to guarantee the permanent power supply stability, which enables continuous measurement operation in fully passive mode.
Multichannel Freeform in Imaging and Nonimaging Optics (2018)

The high standards achieved by freeform tooling for optics opened the possibility to use freeform multichannel optical devices. We review its use in nonimaging and imaging optics, in particular in Virtual Reality applications which require novel optical designs to overcome multiple technological challenges: size, weight, increasing its resolution up to the human visual acuity, matching vergence and accommodation.
Applying the PLEX framework in designing for playfulness (2011)

In addition to functionality and usability, interactive products are increasingly expected to provide pleasurable experiences to their users. Playfulness is a part of these experiences. However, playfulness can manifest in many different ways as humans are inherently playful by nature. This poses challenges for designing for playfulness. To tackle this broad field, we have developed the Playful Experiences (PLEX) framework. The two-fold purpose of the PLEX framework is to be a conceptual tool for understanding the playful aspects of user experience (UX), and be a practical tool for designing for such experiences through established user-centered design (UCD) methods. In this paper we present an overview of our work during 2008--2010 on designing for playful experiences. After introducing and summarizing previous studies, we motivate the reasons for designing for playfulness by framing PLEX within the domains of user experience and emotional experience. Then, we briefly discuss the creation and evaluation of the PLEX Cards and its associated techniques as practical design tools based on the PLEX framework, followed by a concrete design case where these tools have been used. We also present the development of the PLEX Design Patterns for actual design solutions for playfulness. Based on this work, we propose the PLEX framework as a powerful tool for understanding playful experiences, and for providing inspiration to design interactive products that elicit playfulness.
Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Methanol to Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen using Molecular Catalysts (2021)

The acceptorless dehydrogenation of methanol to carbon monoxide and hydrogen was investigated using homogeneous molecular complexes. Complexes of ruthenium and manganese comprising the MACHO ligand framework showed promising activities for this reaction. The molecular ruthenium complex [RuH(CO)(BH<sub>4</sub> )(HN(C<sub>2</sub> H<sub>4</sub> PPh<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> )] (Ru-MACHO-BH) achieved up to 3150 turnovers for carbon monoxide and 9230 turnovers for hydrogen formation at 150 °C reaching pressures up to 12 bar when the decomposition was carried out in a closed vessel. Control experiments affirmed that the metal complex mediates the initial fast dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde and methyl formate followed by subsequent slow decarbonylation. Depending on the catalyst and reaction conditions, the CO/H<sub>2</sub> ratio in the gas mixture thus varies over a broad range from almost pure hydrogen to the stoichiometric limit of 1:2.
Phosphothioate oligodeoxynucleotides inhibitPlasmodiumsporozoite gliding motility (2009)

Plasmodium sporozoites, transmitted to the mammalian host through a mosquito bite, travel to the liver, where they invade hepatocytes, and develop into a form that is then able to infect red blood cells. In spite of the importance of innate immunity in controlling microbial infections, almost nothing is known about its role during the liver stage of a malaria infection. Here, we tested whether synthetic CpG phosphothioate (PS) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), which bind to Toll-like receptor 9 (Tlr9), could have a protective effect on Plasmodium berghei infection in hepatocytes. Surprisingly, CpG PS-ODNs potently impair P. berghei infection in hepatoma cell lines independently of Tlr9 activation. Indeed, not only CpG but also non-CpG PS-ODNs, which do not activate Tlr9, decreased parasite infection. Moreover, the ability of PS-ODNs to impair infection was not due to an effect on the host but rather on the parasite itself. In fact, CpG PS-ODNs, as well as non-CpG PS-ODNs, impair parasite gliding motility. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that PS-ODNs inhibit parasite migration and invasion due to their negative charge, whereas development inside hepatocytes is undisturbed. Altogether, PS-ODNs might represent a new class of prophylactic anti-malaria agents, which hamper hepatocyte entry by Plasmodium sporozoites.
Endogenous GAS6 and Mer receptor signaling regulate prostate cancer stem cells in bone marrow (2016)

Interestingly, elevated levels of endogenous GAS6 were identified in putative cancer stem cells (CSCs, CD133+/CD44+) compared to non-CSCs (CD133-/CD44-) isolated from PCa/osteoblast cocultures in vitro and in DTCs isolated from the bone marrow 24 hours after intracardiac injection. Moreover, we found that endogenous GAS6 expression is associated with Mer receptor expression in growth arrested (G1) PCa cells, which correlates with the increase of the CSC populations. Importantly, we found that overexpression of GAS6 activates phosphorylation of Mer receptor signaling and subsequent induction of the CSC phenotype in vitro and in vivo.Together these data suggest that endogenous GAS6 and Mer receptor signaling contribute to the establishment of PCa CSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment, which may have important implications for targeting metastatic disease.
Photosensitivity-enabled dispersion controllability for quasi-phase-matching in photonic crystal fibers (2007)

A novel photonic crystal fiber featured by concentric cores is proposed to induce dispersion controllability by photosensitivity. Chromatic dispersion can be changed from -1827 to 72 ps/nm/km with refractive index modulation of 4 x 10(-4) produced in Ge-doped regions in the fiber. Effective mode area of inner mode is as small as 6.4 mum(2). The proposed fiber enables to achieve quasi-phase-matched nonlinear parametric interaction in a single piece of photonic crystal fiber, by periodically alternating dispersion and compensating for phase mismatching caused by the dispersion.
Useful synthetic pathways to original, stable tunable neutral and anionic phosphorus dendrimers: new opportunities to expand dendrimer space (2023)

High yield multistep synthesis of stable and diversely functionalized phosphorus dendrimers is reported.
Mask image position correction for double patterning lithography (2008)

Application of double patterning technique has been discussed for lithography of HP 3X nm device generation. In this case, overlay budget for lithography becomes so hard that it is difficult to achieve it with only improvement of photomask's position accuracy. One of the factors of overlay error will be induced by distortion of photomask after chucking on the mask stage of exposure tool, because photomasks are bended by the force of vacuum chucking. Recently, mask flatness prediction technique was developed. This technique is simulating the surface shape of mask when it is on the mask stage by using the flatness data of free-standing state blank and the information of mask chucking stage. To use this predicted flatness data, it is possible to predict a pattern position error after exposed and it is possible to correct it on the photomask. A blank supplier developed the flatness data transfer system to mask vender. Every blanks are distinguished individually by 2D barcode mark on blank which including serial number. The flatness data of each blank is linked with this serial number, and mask vender can use this serial number as a key code to mask flatness data. We developed mask image position correction system by using 2D barcode mark linked to predicted flatness data, and position accuracy assurance system for these masks. And with these systems, we made some masks actually.
Structural and dynamic determinants of type I interferon receptor assembly and their functional interpretation (2012)

Type I interferons (IFNs) form a network of homologous cytokines that bind to a shared, heterodimeric cell surface receptor and engage signaling pathways that activate innate and adaptive immune responses. The ability of IFNs to mediate differential responses through the same cell surface receptor has been subject of a controversial debate and has important medical implications. During the past decade, a comprehensive insight into the structure, energetics, and dynamics of IFN recognition by its two-receptor subunits, as well as detailed correlations with their functional properties on the level of signal activation, gene expression, and biological responses were obtained. All type I IFNs bind the two-receptor subunits at the same sites and form structurally very similar ternary complexes. Differential IFN activities were found to be determined by different lifetimes and ligand affinities toward the receptor subunits, which dictate assembly and dynamics of the signaling complex in the plasma membrane. We present a simple model, which explains differential IFN activities based on rapid endocytosis of signaling complexes and negative feedback mechanisms interfering with ternary complex assembly. More insight into signaling pathways as well as endosomal signaling and trafficking will be required for a comprehensive understanding, which will eventually lead to therapeutic applications of IFNs with increased efficacy.
The Modern Basis for Nephron‐Sparing Surgery in Patients with Renal Cancer (2017)

Although complete surgical removal is the primary objective in the treatment of small renal masses (SRMs), technological advances have led to greater use of nephron-sparing surgery and other minimally invasive therapies. With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign tumors (15–20%) to aggressive kidney cancers (20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance (AS) and ablative therapy (AT), has grown considerably. The role of renal mass biopsy (RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is also changing. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Herein we review the modern basis for nephron preservation in patients with RCC, identify challenges posed by biologic heterogeneity, highlight the evolving role of RMB, and discuss the roles of partial nephrectomy and tumor ablation.
Robust Distributed Estimation Using the Embedded Subgraphs Algorithm (2006)

We propose a new iterative, distributed approach for linear minimum mean-square-error (LMMSE) estimation in graphical models with cycles. The embedded subgraphs algorithm (ESA) decomposes a loopy graphical model into a number of linked embedded subgraphs and applies the classical parallel block Jacobi iteration comprising local LMMSE estimation in each subgraph (involving inversion of a small matrix) followed by an information exchange between neighboring nodes and subgraphs. Our primary application is sensor networks, where the model encodes the correlation structure of the sensor measurements, which are assumed to be Gaussian. The resulting LMMSE estimation problem involves a large matrix inverse, which must be solved in-network with distributed computation and minimal intersensor communication. By invoking the theory of asynchronous iterations, we prove that ESA is robust to temporary communication faults such as failing links and sleeping nodes, and enjoys guaranteed convergence under relatively mild conditions. Simulation studies demonstrate that ESA compares favorably with other recently proposed algorithms for distributed estimation. Simulations also indicate that energy consumption for iterative estimation increases substantially as more links fail or nodes sleep. Thus, somewhat surprisingly, sensor network energy conservation strategies such as low-powered transmission and aggressive sleep schedules could actually prove counterproductive. Our results can be replicated using MATLAB code from www.dsp.rice.edu/software
Performance Analysis of an Outdoor Visible Light Communications System for Internet-of-Vehicles (2020)

This paper looks at the performance of an outdoor visible light (OVLC) communication system used for Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV). In the proposed system an amplify-and-forward (AF) opportunistic scheme is used to extend the range of information broadcast from a traffic light to vehicles. The Gamma-Gamma channel gain and the Lambertian direct current (DC) channel gain are used to model the fading coefficient of each transmission and the short and thermal noise models used to represent the system noise. The statistics of the system are examined by deriving closed-form expressions for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) for the equivalent end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Novel closed form equations are also developed for the outage probability and ergodic capacity. Numerical simulations performed showed that the system performance in terms of both outage probability and ergodic capacity improves with decreasing turbulence intensity. Results also illustrate that, as the distance between the vehicles increases, the system performance is more deteriorated.
Digital Credentials and Authorization to Enhance Trust in Negotiation within E-Services (2000)

digital credential, trust, negotiation, E-Services marketplaces, authorization, E-Services In the present economy, business-to-business (B2B) relationships are usually long-termed and characterised by a high degree of mutual pre-existing trust. With the advent of the Internet economy, E-Services marketplaces will provide an infrastructure where B2B relationships will be set up in a highly dynamic fashion.
On-chip protection for automotive integrated circuits robustness (2012)

On-chip protection architecture for automotive ICs (integrated circuits) system-level robustness is introduced. It comprises three-level protection for interface pins with high bidirectional voltage swing. A first protection stage is optimized to sustain the largest portion of the ESD (electrostatic discharge) and EMI (electromagnetic interference)-induced stress. A second-level protection stage is customized to sustain the relatively lower IC-level ESD stress, and the third level protection stage absorbs the initial transient voltage impulse.
Dental students’ attitude towards anti‐smoking programmes: a study in Flanders, Belgium (2007)

Besides imparting knowledge, the attitude of newly graduated dentists could be improved by stressing the effectiveness of smoking cessation activities during lectures and integrated training modules in the undergraduate education.
Combination of a novel heat shock protein 90-targeted photodynamic therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade induces potent systemic antitumor efficacy and abscopal effect against breast cancers (2022)

The increased antitumor activity and upregulated CXCR3 gene signature induced by the combination of anti-PD-L1 antibody with HS201-PDT warrants the clinical testing of HS201-PDT combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in patients with breast cancer, and the use of the CXCR3 gene signature as a biomarker.
Dynamic Analysis of an Excavator During Digging Operation (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Researches for automation of hydraulic excavators have been conducted for laborsaving, improved efficiency of operations and increased worker's safety improvement. Authors' final goal is to develop automatic digging system which can realize the high efficiency. Therefore, it is thought that appropriate digging control algorithm is important for the automation. For this goal, this paper shows a dynamics model of the backhoe excavator and simulations using such models. Detailed dynamic models are needed from the point of view of the control engineering. Authors evaluate effectiveness of automatic digging algorithm by simulation models. In this research, the linkage mechanism which contains the closed loops is modeled based on the Newton-Euler formulation, where motion equation is derived. Moreover, we apply a soil model for simulation, based on the two dimensional distinct element method (DEM), in order to reproduce reaction force from grounds. This paper presents two example of dynamics simulation, integrating the linkage model and the soil model. The inverse dynamic analysis shows that cylinder generative forces, varying depending on digging reaction force, significantly influence the cylinder force during digging operations. By the forward dynamics simulation, a controller for tracking control, which consists of a PID controller and a gravity compensator, is designed and adjusted each PID gain.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;