gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence, morphology, and x-ray diffraction features of InGaN materials grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1999)

InGaN thin films were grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and characterized by photoluminescence with variable excitation intensity and temperature, room-temperature cathodoluminescence (CL), high resolution X-ray diffraction, scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For PL, all the sample show dominant peaks at around 2.9 eV and extra peaks or shoulders at 2.8 eV at 6K. We concluded that the low energy peak is due to the localized near-band edge transition from the phase-separated InGaN mesoscopic structure with high In-content. The strong luminescence of the low of nanostructure or quantum dots. AFM images showed that phase-separated InGaN samples have inverted hexagonal pits which are formed by the In segregation on the surfaces. Room temperatures cathodoluminescence and imags at wavelengths corresponding to the GaN band edge, the In-poor and In rich regions were studied. It was shown that phase separated In-rich regions formed at the periphery of the hexagonal pits.
Probe segregation and Tg determination of a supported ultra‐thin polystyrene film studied by X‐ray and neutron reflectivity, and SIMS (2003)

Abstract Selective deuteration combined with X‐ray and neutron reflectivity has been used to determine the extent of probe segregation to an interface in ultra‐thin polymer films as a function of the number of thermal cycles. The extent of probe segregation to the interface was also investigated using Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). Significant probe segregation was not evident in these studies. X‐ray reflectivity has also been employed to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion of ultra‐thin polystyrene films supported on quartz. The glass transition temperature determined with this method is equivalent to that measured for bulk polystyrene films.
The changing reality of urothelial bladder cancer: should non‐squamous variant histology be managed as a distinct clinical entity? (2014)

While SQD behaves similarly to NV, non-SQD variant histology portends worse OS and disease-specific survival regardless of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and pathological stage. Non-SQD variants of UC could perhaps be considered a distinct clinical entity in UC with goals for developing new treatment algorithms through novel clinical trials.
An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated Encryption (2008)

This document defines algorithms for Authenticated Encryption with
Associated Data (AEAD), and defines a uniform interface and a registry
for such algorithms. The interface and registry can be used as an
application-independent set of cryptoalgorithm suites. This approach
provides advantages in efficiency and security, and promotes the reuse
of crypto implementations. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Club cell secretory protein-CC16 is increased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2016)

<b>Background:</b> CC16 is a protein secreted by the bronchiolar epithelial cells “club” that has been reported decreased in airways diseases and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In interstitial lung diseases (ILD) including IPF, studies on circulating levels of CC16 are scanty. <b>Objective:</b> To determine serum levels of CC16 in interstitial lung diseases <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was performed in 3 groups: IPF (n=85), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP; n=85), and ILD associated to rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren (ILD/RAS; n=85) and in 30 healthy subjects. CC16 was determined by ELISA and its localization in IPF lungs by immunohistochemistry. ROC analysis was used to evaluate its possible role as biomarker for the differential diagnosis of IPF with the other diseases. <b>Results:</b> CC16 was significantly elevated in IPF compared to the other two diseases (FPI: 31.9+11.2 ng/ml versus cHP: 26.6+15 ng/ml), versus ILD/RAS (22.4+12.6 ng/ml), and versus controls (10.0+7.7 ng/ml) ANOVA p &lt;0.0001. Sensitivity and specificity cutoff (41 ng/mL) was 24% and 90%, respectively, PPV 56% and NPV 69%. The AUC for IPF versus the other diseases was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.613-0.745). CC16 was over-expressed in IPF lungs and localized in bronchiolar and aberrant alveolar epithelial cells. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings indicate that serum levels of CC16 are increased in patients with IPF compared with other ILDs suggesting a role in its pathogenesis. However, its accuracy as biomarker for differential diagnosis does not seem adequate.
3D Moments from Near-Duplicate Photos (2022)

We introduce 3D Moments, a new computational photography effect. As input we take a pair of near-duplicate photos, i.e., photos of moving subjects from similar viewpoints, common in people's photo collections. As output, we produce a video that smoothly interpolates the scene motion from the first photo to the second, while also producing camera motion with parallax that gives a heightened sense of 3D. To achieve this effect, we represent the scene as a pair of feature-based layered depth images augmented with scene flow. This representation enables motion interpolation along with independent control of the camera viewpoint. Our system produces photorealistic space-time videos with motion parallax and scene dynamics, while plausibly recovering regions occluded in the original views. We conduct extensive experiments demonstrating superior performance over baselines on public datasets and in-the-wild photos. Project page: https://3d-moments.github.io/
517. Prevention of Onset of Parkinson's Disease by In Vivo Gene Transfer of Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Primate Model: A Model of Gene Therapy for Parkinson's Disease (2004)

Over expression of math1 has been demonstrated to induce generation of hair cells in the cochlea in neonatal tissue culture models of the organ of Corti and math 1 generation of hair cells has recently been shown in vivo. We have examined an in vitro organtypic culture model as well as unilateral acute and bilateral chronic models of aminoglycoside vestibular injury. Delivery of Math1 using an adenovector (Ad) resulted in the generation of hair cells in adult mouse utriclular and saccular cultures. Mice treated acutely or chronically with aminoglycosides showed recovery of a significant portion of the vestibular neuroepithelium after AdMath1.11D was infused into the inner ear. Interestingly there was no recovery of hair cells noted within the cochlea in these mouse models and no hair cells noted outside of the vestibular neuroepithelium. Assessment of animals 2 months after vector infusion demonstrated a recovery of swim times compared to non-vector treated controls, demonstrating recovery of vestibular function after Math1 gene delivery.
Studies of thoracic duct lymphocytes of mice. 3. Cell surface antigen characteristics. (1973)

Thoracic duct cells have a surface antigenic configuration determined by cytotoxic testing that is positive for H-2 d , θ, Ly-A, MSLA, κ, and µ antigens and negative for TL and PC antigens. Comparison of these results with other lymphoid elements, benign and malignant, reveals that thoracic duct cells resemble lymph node lymphocytes rather than thymocytes. Quantitative absorption analysis showed similar concentrations of the H-2 d , θ, and Ly-A antigens of thoracic duct and lymph node lymphocytes. The findings suggest that the thoracic duct population is a composite of both thymic and bone marrow-derived cells. This antigenic heterogeneity is supported by both functional and morphologic studies.
ω-Conotoxin CVID Inhibits a Pharmacologically Distinct Voltage-sensitive Calcium Channel Associated with Transmitter Release from Preganglionic Nerve Terminals (2003)

Neurotransmitter release from preganglionic parasympathetic neurons is resistant to inhibition by selective antagonists of L-, N-, P/Q-, R-, and T-type calcium channels. In this study, the effects of different omega-conotoxins from genus Conus were investigated on current flow-through cloned voltage-sensitive calcium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes and nerve-evoked transmitter release from the intact preganglionic cholinergic nerves innervating the rat submandibular ganglia. Our results indicate that omega-conotoxin CVID from Conus catus inhibits a pharmacologically distinct voltage-sensitive calcium channel involved in neurotransmitter release, whereas omega-conotoxin MVIIA had no effect. omega-Conotoxin CVID and MVIIA inhibited depolarization-activated Ba(2+) currents recorded from oocytes expressing N-type but not L- or R-type calcium channels. High affinity inhibition of the CVID-sensitive calcium channel was enhanced when position 10 of the omega-conotoxin was occupied by the smaller residue lysine as found in CVID instead of an arginine as found in MVIIA. Given that relatively small differences in the sequence of the N-type calcium channel alpha(1B) subunit can influence omega-conotoxin access (Feng, Z. P., Hamid, J., Doering, C., Bosey, G. M., Snutch, T. P., and Zamponi, G. W. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 15728-15735), it is likely that the calcium channel in preganglionic nerve terminals targeted by CVID is a N-type (Ca(v)2.2) calcium channel variant.
Population-Scale Study of Human Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis and Implications (2020)

Most work to date on mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic is focused urgently on biomedicine and epidemiology. Yet, pandemic-related policy decisions cannot be made on health information alone. Decisions need to consider the broader impacts on people and their needs. Quantifying human needs across the population is challenging as it requires high geo-temporal granularity, high coverage across the population, and appropriate adjustment for seasonal and other external effects. Here, we propose a computational methodology, building on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, that can capture a holistic view of relative changes in needs following the pandemic through a difference-in-differences approach that corrects for seasonality and volume variations. We apply this approach to characterize changes in human needs across physiological, socioeconomic, and psychological realms in the US, based on more than 35 billion search interactions spanning over 36,000 ZIP codes over a period of 14 months. The analyses reveal that the expression of basic human needs has increased exponentially while higher-level aspirations declined during the pandemic in comparison to the pre-pandemic period. In exploring the timing and variations in statewide policies, we find that the durations of shelter-in-place mandates have influenced social and emotional needs significantly. We demonstrate that potential barriers to addressing critical needs, such as support for unemployment and domestic violence, can be identified through web search interactions. Our approach and results suggest that population-scale monitoring of shifts in human needs can inform policies and recovery efforts for current and anticipated needs.
Optimizing randomized trial designs to distinguish which subpopulations benefit from treatment (2011)

It is a challenge to evaluate experimental treatments where it is suspected that the treatment effect may only be strong for certain subpopulations, such as those having a high initial severity of disease, or those having a particular gene variant. Standard randomized controlled trials can have low power in such situations. They also are not optimized to distinguish which subpopulations benefit from a treatment. With the goal of overcoming these limitations, we consider randomized trial designs in which the criteria for patient enrollment may be changed, in a preplanned manner, based on interim analyses. Since such designs allow data-dependent changes to the population enrolled, care must be taken to ensure strong control of the familywise Type I error rate. Our main contribution is a general method for constructing randomized trial designs that allow changes to the population enrolled based on interim data using a prespecified decision rule, for which the asymptotic, familywise Type I error rate is strongly controlled at a specified level α. As a demonstration of our method, we prove new, sharp results for a simple, two-stage enrichment design. We then compare this design to fixed designs, focusing on each design's ability to determine the overall and subpopulation-specific treatment effects.
Stabilization of a liquid-crystalline phase through noncovalent interaction with a polymer side chain (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStabilization of a liquid-crystalline phase through noncovalent interaction with a polymer side chainTakashi Kato and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 9, 3818–3819Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00199a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00199a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1515Altmetric-Citations368LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current versus flux in the control of electromechanical valve actuators (2005)

Due to a lack of bandwidth separation, it is unclear which combination of feedback signals would be most advantageous for controlling electromechanical valve actuators. To address this issue, this paper investigates the use of position, current, and flux measurements in the feedback. Based on the analysis, a combination of position and flux best achieves the design specifications without incurring large control signals.
Towards Inclusive Avatars: Disability Representation in Avatar Platforms (2023)

Digital avatars are an important part of identity representation, but there is little work on understanding how to represent disability. We interviewed 18 people with disabilities and related identities about their experiences and preferences in representing their identities with avatars. Participants generally preferred to represent their disability identity if the context felt safe and platforms supported their expression, as it was important for feeling authentically represented. They also utilized avatars in strategic ways: as a means to signal and disclose current abilities, access needs, and to raise awareness. Some participants even found avatars to be a more accessible way to communicate than alternatives. We discuss how avatars can support disability identity representation because of their easily customizable format that is not strictly tied to reality. We conclude with design recommendations for creating platforms that better support people in representing their disability and other minoritized identities.
Atherosclerosis-prone hemodynamics differentially regulates endothelial and smooth muscle cell phenotypes and promotes pro-inflammatory priming (2007)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that preferentially forms at hemodynamically compromised regions of altered shear stress patterns. Endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) undergo phenotypic modulation during atherosclerosis. An in vitro coculture model was developed to determine the role of hemodynamic regulation of EC and SMC phenotypes in coculture. Human ECs and SMCs were plated on a synthetic elastic lamina and human-derived atheroprone, and atheroprotective shear stresses were imposed on ECs. Atheroprone flow decreased genes associated with differentiated ECs (endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Tie2, and Kruppel-like factor 2) and SMCs (smooth muscle alpha-actin and myocardin) and induced a proinflammatory phenotype in ECs and SMCs (VCAM-1, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). Atheroprone flow-induced changes in SMC differentiation markers were regulated at the chromatin level, as indicated by decreased serum response factor (SRF) binding to the smooth muscle alpha-actin-CC(a/T)(6)GG (CArG) promoter region and decreased histone H(4) acetylation. Conversely, SRF and histone H(4) acetylation were enriched at the c-fos promoter in SMCs. In the presence of atheroprotective shear stresses, ECs aligned with the direction of flow and SMCs aligned more perpendicular to flow, similar to in vivo vessel organization. These results provide a novel mechanism whereby modulation of the EC phenotype by hemodynamic shear stresses, atheroprone or atheroprotective, play a critical role in mechanical-transcriptional coupling and regulation of the SMC phenotype.
Design and Development of a Wireless Fall Detection Module for Homecare (2014)

A novel wireless circuit module is designed in this study to perform ubiquitous fall detections and then real-time fall detections of help messages. It is a common trend that as the demand for living quality increases tremendously while the technologies of electronics and medicine advances greatly, personal cares are elevated to the next level. As for the aging society, the issue of injuries due to falls among senior population arises rapidly [1,2]. Costly prices are often paid as the elderly falls without notice from companions at the site. Therefore, various modules and/or systems of automatic and wireless fall detection are developed into a past pace. Such fall-detection modules are demanded to be able to automatically detect falls of subjects and then send the help message to a remote hospital for an immediate help.
Feasibility and Sensitivity of Saliva GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Adults in Uganda (2022)

ABSTRACT The objective of this prospective, observational study carried out at China-Uganda Friendship Hospital-Naguru in Kampala, Uganda, was to determine the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert) testing on saliva for active tuberculosis (TB) disease among consecutive adults undergoing diagnostic evaluation. We calculated sensitivity to determine the diagnostic performance in comparison to that of the composite reference standard of Mycobacterium tuberculosis liquid and solid cultures on two spot sputum specimens. GeneXpert Ultra on saliva had a sensitivity of 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81-96%); this was similar to that of sputum fluorescence smear microscopy (FM) of 87% (95% CI, 77-94%). Sensitivity was 24% lower (95% CI for difference 2-48%, p=0.003) among persons living with HIV (71%, 95%CI 44-90%) than among persons living without HIV (95%, 95%CI 86-99%) and 46% lower (95% CI for difference 14-77%, p&lt;0.0001) among sputum microscopy positive (96%, 95% CI 87-99%) than among sputum microscopy negative patients (50%, 95% CI 19-81%). Semi-quantitative Xpert grade was higher in sputum than in paired saliva samples from the same patient. In conclusion, saliva specimens appear to be feasible and similarly sensitive to sputum for active TB diagnosis using molecular testing, suggesting promise as a non-sputum diagnostic test for active TB in high-burden settings.
Laser sintering of complex-shaped ceramic prototypes (2003)

The process consisting of Selective Laser Sintering and posttreatment is an efficient and successful technique for the fast and direct production of complex-shaped ceramic prototypes. Parts with complicated interior structures, filigree sections, undercuts and free-form surface areas can be produced. Coupling of material-oriented and technical process modules has enabled the laser-sintering technology to become viable for industrial application using ceramic powders such as silicon carbide. This paper presents the optimized sintering and infiltration steps of the manufacturing process. Properties of laser-sintered parts made of SiSiC are discussed in comparison with those made using traditional sintering techniques. In conclusion recommendations for the practical use of the technique are given.
Does Repeatedly Typing the Same Phrase Provide a Good Estimate of Expert Text Entry Performance? (2023)

To identify if novel/unfamiliar keyboard layouts like OPTI can outperform QWERTY, lengthy training through longitudinal studies is typically required. To reduce this logistical bottleneck, a popular approach in the literature requires participants to type the same phrase repeatedly. However, it is still unknown whether this approach provides a good estimate of expert performance. To validate this method, we set up a study where participants were tasked with typing the same phrase 96 times for both OPTI and QWERTY. Results showed that this approach has the potential to estimate expert performance for novel/unfamiliar keyboards faster than the traditional approach with different phrases. Yet, we also found that accurate estimates still require training over several days and, therefore, do not eliminate the need for a longitudinal study. Our findings thus show the need for research on faster, easier, and more reliable empirical approaches to evaluate text entry systems.
Mechanism and Regulation of the Two-component FMN-dependent Monooxygenase ActVA-ActVB from Streptomyces coelicolor (2008)

The ActVA-ActVB system from Streptomyces coelicolor is a two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase involved in the antibiotic actinorhodin biosynthesis. ActVB is a NADH:flavin oxidoreductase that provides a reduced FMN to ActVA, the monooxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of dihydrokalafungin, the precursor of actinorhodin. In this work, using stopped-flow spectrophotometry, we investigated the mechanism of hydroxylation of dihydrokalafungin catalyzed by ActVA and that of the reduced FMN transfer from ActVB to ActVA. Our results show that the hydroxylation mechanism proceeds with the participation of two different reaction intermediates in ActVA active site. First, a C(4a)-FMN-hydroperoxide species is formed after binding of reduced FMN to the monooxygenase and reaction with O(2). This intermediate hydroxylates the substrate and is transformed to a second reaction intermediate, a C(4a)-FMN-hydroxy species. In addition, we demonstrate that reduced FMN can be transferred efficiently from the reductase to the monooxygenase without involving any protein.protein complexes. The rate of transfer of reduced FMN from ActVB to ActVA was found to be controlled by the release of NAD(+) from ActVB and was strongly affected by NAD(+) concentration, with an IC(50) of 40 microm. This control of reduced FMN transfer by NAD(+) was associated with the formation of a strong charge.transfer complex between NAD(+) and reduced FMN in the active site of ActVB. These results suggest that, in Streptomyces coelicolor, the reductase component ActVB can act as a regulatory component of the monooxygenase activity by controlling the transfer of reduced FMN to the monooxygenase.