gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Public value and performance of libraries (2019)

This paper addresses the changing role of libraries as central knowledge hubs of an information society. It questions the relevance of the existing performance measures and asks what kind of public value we are expecting from the libraries. The paper illustrates its main arguments with the empirical context of the Finland and shortly introduces the case of ‘Iso Omena’ in Espoo, Finland where a novel approach for providing public value has been implemented. The paper develops two arguments to guide the future research in the area. First, new indicators and measurement practices are needed if we want to evaluate more comprehensively the public value of libraries. Second, performance management and evaluation taking place in libraries calls for active performance dialogue between the relevant interest groups in order to determine the public value of libraries and performance measures tracking how this value is produced.
Shape, transverse size, and charged-hadron multiplicity of jets in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7\;TeV $ (2012)

A bstract Measurements of jet characteristics from inclusive jet production in protonproton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV are presented. The data sample was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC during 2010 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb −1 . The mean charged-hadron multiplicity, the differential and integral jet shape distributions, and two independent moments of the shape distributions are measured as functions of the jet transverse momentum for jets reconstructed with the anti- k T algorithm. The measured observables are corrected to the particle level and compared with predictions from various QCD Monte Carlo generators.
The fusarium wilt resistance locus Fom‐2 of melon contains a single resistance gene with complex features (2004)

The soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis causes significant losses in the cultivated melon, a key member of the economically important family, the Cucurbitaceae. Here, we report the map-based cloning and characterization of the resistance gene Fom-2 that confers resistance to race 0 and 1 of this plant pathogen. Two recombination events, 75 kb apart, were found to bracket Fom-2 after screening approximately 1324 gametes with PCR-based markers. Sequence analysis of the Fom-2 interval revealed the presence of two candidate genes. One candidate gene showed significant similarity to previously characterized resistance genes. Sequence analysis of this gene revealed clear polymorphisms between resistant and susceptible materials and was therefore designated as Fom-2. Analysis of susceptible breeding lines (BL) presenting a haplotype very similar to the resistant cultivar MR-1 indicated that a gene conversion had occurred in Fom-2, resulting in a significant rearrangement of this gene. The second candidate gene which shared high similarity to an essential gene in Arabidopsis, presented an almost identical sequence in MR-1 and BL, further supporting Fom-2 identity. The gene conversion in Fom-2 produced a truncated R gene, revealing new insights into R gene evolution. Fom-2 was predicted to encode an NBS-LRR type R protein of the non-TIR subfamily. In contrast to most members of this class a coiled-coil structure was predicted within the LRR region rather than in the N-terminal. The Fom-2 physical region contained retroelement-like sequences and truncated genes, suggesting that this locus is complex.
Evaluation of Thermal Imaging on Embedded GPU Platforms for Application in Vehicular Assistance Systems (2022)

This study is focused on evaluating the real-timeperformance of thermal object detection for smart and safe vehicular systems by deploying the trained networks on GPU & single-board EDGE-GPU computing platforms for onboard automotive sensor suite testing. A novel large-scale C3I Thermal Automotive dataset comprising of >35,000 distinct frames is acquired, processed, and open-sourced in challenging weather and environmental scenarios. The dataset is recorded from a lost-cost yet effective uncooled LWIR thermal camera, mounted stand-alone and on an electric vehicle to minimize mechanical vibrations. The state-of-the-art YOLO-v5 networks variants are trained using four different public datasets as well newly acquired local dataset for optimal generalization of DNN by employing SGD optimizer. The effectiveness of trained networks is validated on extensive test data using various quantitative metrics which include precision, recall curve, mean average precision, and frames per second. The smaller network variant of YOLO is further optimized using TensorRT inference accelerator to explicitly boost the frames per second rate. Optimized network engine increases the frames per second rate by 3.5 times when testing on low power edge devices thus achieving 11 fps on Nvidia Jetson Nano and 60 fps on Nvidia Xavier NX development boards.
Global and cognate regulators control the expression of the organic solvent efflux pumps TtgABC and TtgDEF of Pseudomonas putida (2001)

Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E grows on a water-toluene double liquid phase. Toluene tolerance in this microorganism is mainly achieved by at least two efflux pumps that belong to the RND family. The TtgDEF efflux pump is induced by toluene, whereas the other efflux pump, called TtgABC, is expressed at a high level in cells not exposed to toluene and at a lower level in cells grown with toluene. The ttgR gene is adjacent to the ttgABC operon and is transcribed divergently from ttgA. The expression level of ttgR was fourfold higher in cells growing in the presence of toluene than in its absence. In a TtgR-deficient background, expression from the ttgA promoter increased about 20-fold, suggesting that TtgR represses expression from the ttgA promoter. In this mutant, background expression of the ttgR gene was also much higher than in the wild-type background; however, its level of expression increased in the presence of toluene. In a ttgR mutant background, expression from the ttgD promoter followed the same pattern of expression as in the wild type. Analysis of a P. putida pTn5cat mutant that exhibited increased sensitivity to a sudden toluene shock, regardless of whether or not it was previously exposed to low toluene concentrations, revealed that pTn5cat had interrupted an lrp-like gene. The ttgR gene was expressed at very high levels in this mutant, with concomitant repression of expression of the ttgABC operon. The second ttgDEF efflux pump was expressed at low levels in this mutant strain, suggesting that the Lrp-like protein is a global regulatory protein involved in the solvent-tolerant response of this strain.
Laser Direct Writing of Silver Clusters‐Based Subwavelength Periodic Structures Embedded in Mid‐Infrared Gallo‐Germanate Glass (2022)

The direct laser writing (DLW) using femtosecond lasers allows for the inscription of 3D microstructures embedded inside optical materials. Based solely on the silver ions photochemistry, the DLW in silver‐containing glasses enables to locally induce inside glasses a unique combination of optical properties. The physical modifications of the material encompass not only a refractive index change, but also new physical properties like fluorescence, second‐ and third‐harmonic generations, and surface plasmon resonance. Numerous efforts are deployed to develop the DLW‐assisted silver photochemistry in phosphate glasses. However, this glass family is suffering from its near‐infrared optical cutoff as opposed to the silver‐doped gallo‐germanate glasses. With an extended mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) transmission, these glasses are synthesized via the melt‐quenching technique. Depending on the glass composition, either a glass matrix‐based single track (Type I) or a silver cluster‐based double track (Type A) of refractive index change is produced. By enabling an order of magnitude smaller structures than with Type I, Type A modification is further expanded to embed, for the first time, periodic structures below the inter‐track spacing. Demonstrated with a pitch down to 400 nm, these Type A–based periodic structures bring new insights through the fabrication of 3D diffractive gratings in mid‐IR glasses.
Association between herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV-1 in a population of married couples from Dakar, Senegal (2012)

Numerous studies suggest that herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) increases the risk of HIV-1 infection but recent clinical trials of HSV-2 suppressive therapy failed to show an effect. We assessed the putative association between HSV-2 and HIV-1 in a population of HIV-concordant-negative, HIV-1-discordant and HIV-1-concordant-positive married couples from Dakar, Senegal. In agreement with previous studies, we observed a strong overall association between HSV-2 and HIV-1 (odds ratio 4.61; P < 0.001). However, this association was mainly determined by a low HSV-2 prevalence in HIV-concordant-negative couples compared with HIV-1-discordant and HIV-1-concordant-positive couples (23% versus 59% and 66%, respectively; P < 0.001). We observed no further differences in HSV-2 prevalence between HIV-1-discordant and HIV-1-concordant-positive couples (59% and 66%, respectively; P = 0.483). Neither the index (59% versus 62%, P = 1.000) nor recipient partners (41% versus 63%, P = 0.131) in HIV-1-discordant and HIV-1-concordant-positive couples showed significant differences in HSV-2 prevalence. HSV-2 does not constitute a clear risk factor for HIV-1 infection in this population.
Printer and scanner forensics (2009)

Contrary to popular opinion, the use of paper in our society will not disappear during the foreseeable future. In fact, paper use continues to grow rather than decline. It is certainly true that as individuals, we may be printing less than we used to. And the role of paper has been transformed from the archival record of a document to a convenient and aesthetically appealing graphical user interface. The use of paper is now intimately linked to the electronic systems that capture, process, transmit, generate, and reproduce textual and graphic content. Paper can be thought of as an interface between humans and the digital world. If this interface is not secure, the entire system becomes vulnerable to attack and abuse. Although paper is read by humans in the same way that it has been for millennia and has had the same fundamental form and composition for almost that long, the technologies for printing and scanning documents and capturing their content have evolved tremendously, especially during the last 20 years. This has moved the capability to generate printed documents from the hands of a select few to anyone with access to low-cost scanners, printers, and personal computers. It has greatly broadened the opportunities for abuse of trust through the generation of fallacious documents and the tampering with existing documents, including the embedding of messages in these documents.
Photonic switching in InAs/InP quantum dots (2005)

We report all-optical switching due to state-filling in quantum dots (QDs). The switching energy is as low as 6 fJ since state-filling requires only 2 electron-hole pairs per QD. The single layer of InAs/InP QDs is inserted within a InGaAsP/InP waveguide which are processed into a Mach-Zehnder interferometric switch (MZI). A 1530-1570 nm probe beam is switched by optical excitation of one MZI-arm from above. By exciting below the InGaAsP bandgap, we prove that the refractive index nonlinearity is entirely due to state-filling in the QDs.
Functional signaling of membrane‐bound TL1A induces IFN‐γ expression (2010)

TL1A, a TNF member implicated in autoimmune diseases, is a transmembrane protein that is processed to release soluble TL1A (TL1A-S). TL1A-S induces a Th1 response, although the functional significance of membrane-bound TL1A (TL1A-M) remains unknown. We generated TL1A-M expression in HEK-293 cells capable of binding DR3-Fc. Co-incubating IL-12/IL-18-primed CD4(+) T cells with HEK-293 cells expressing TL1A-M induced 3-fold increase in IFN-gamma that was blocked by anti-TL1A Ab. These results demonstrate that TL1A-M can bind death domain receptor 3 (DR3) through cell-cell contact to induce downstream IFN-gamma secretion enhancement. Anti-TL1A antibodies designed to treat immune diseases should be verified to block both endogenous TL1A forms.
A Dynamic Programming Solution to the Monotonic Path of Minimal Cost in a 3-Rows Matrix (2013)

We consider the problem of finding the path of minimal cost going from left to right in a 3-rows matrix, starting at the third row, and not going downwards, where there is an additional cost related to not changing rows, such that the higher the change in intensity within the row, the higher the cost of not moving upwards.
Chirp Multiplication by Four Wave Mixing for Wideband Swept-Frequency Sources for High Resolution Imaging (2010)

We present an analysis and demonstration of the doubling of the chirp rate and total chirp bandwidth of a frequency chirped optical signal by the process of four-wave mixing in a non-linear optical medium. The effects of chromatic dispersion and input power on the maximum achievable output bandwidth are analyzed, and a dispersion compensation technique for phase matching is described. The doubling of an input linear frequency sweep of 100 GHz/1 ms in a highly nonlinear optical fiber is experimentally demonstrated. Further, it is proposed that a cascaded implementation of the four-wave mixing process leads to a geometric increase in the bandwidth of the frequency chirp. With an electronically tuned chirped laser at the input stage, this process can be used to generate extremely wideband swept frequency sources with no moving parts, for applications in high-speed and high-resolution optical imaging and spectroscopy.
Design of Data Algorithms for Blood Glucose Biosensors (2007)

Abstract Blood glucose monitors and their test strips are used by diabetics worldwide to control and monitor the concentration of glucose in their blood. These deceptively simple, self‐contained diagnostic systems, which can be held in the palm of a hand, contain a collection of software algorithms that monitor the state of the meter, detect the presence of an inserted test strip, determine whether that strip is faulty or has previously been used, and convert the raw data, such as current, received after a glucose measurement from a test strip into a glucose concentration value displayed to the user. These algorithms are developed over a substantial period of time to suit the specific test system, that is, the meter and the strip. Such algorithms are designed to convert the raw data (e.g., current, charge, temperature) from a glucose biosensor strip in response to an applied sample such as blood or a control solution, and provide the user with a value for glucose concentration in the sample in a matter of seconds. Accuracy and precision of the final glucose value is of paramount importance as the result from a meter is intended to prompt the user to seek treatment, that is, inject insulin, take glucose, or to indicate that no treatment is required. In the worst case, a result indicating a high glucose concentration may prompt the user to inject insulin, when in fact the glucose concentration is already low. Such a contrary action could lead to a dramatic reduction in the glucose concentration leading to coma and be potentially life threatening. Such consequences place great responsibility upon manufacturers to ensure that the data algorithms used are fully tested and robust enough to account for any possible influence from the test sample (e.g., blood types such as capillary, venous, arterial, and neonate, hematocrit, drugs, high concentrations of endogenous substances such as cholesterol, triglyceride, and oxygen level) and diverse external factors such as temperature, humidity, altitude, and strip and meter defects.
Image Analytical Approach for Needle-Shaped Crystal Counting and Length Estimation (2015)

Estimation of nucleation and crystal growth rates from microscopic information is of critical importance. This can be an especially challenging task if needle growth of crystals is observed. To address this challenge, an image analytical method for counting of needle-shaped crystals and estimating their length is presented. Since the current algorithm has a number of parameters that need to be optimized, a combination of simulation of needle crystal growth and Design of Experiments was applied to identify the optimal parameter settings for the algorithm. The algorithm was validated for its accuracy in different scenarios of simulated needle crystallization, and subsequently, the algorithm was applied to study the influence of additive on antisolvent crystallization. The developed algorithm is robust for quantifying heavily intersecting needle crystals in optical microscopy images, and has the potential for being applied for real-time crystallization monitoring and control.
Real-time method for measurement of noise exposure from sources in close proximity to the ear (1993)

Sound sources close to the ear, such as communication headsets present a special challenge when it comes to the measurement of the sound exposure. This is due to two facts: firstly, it is very difficult to obtain precision measurements of the sound field in a person's ear, secondly, noise exposure standards refer to sound measured in a `free' field, i.e., in the place where the ear would normally be found, but with the listener removed. In order to obtain data for exposure that can be interpreted in terms of conventional standards and codes, the authors developed a method based on an accurate acousto-mechanical model of the human head (ATF, Acoustic Test Fixture) (Kunov, Giguere and Simpson, 1989; Kunov, 1989). With the help of the ATF, a sound level meter, and an attached filter it is possible to read the equivalent free-field sound levels from a communications headset or any other source in close proximity to the ear, including any environmental noise that finds its way into the ear canal. This can be done for any type of device, including insert headsets. In particular there was an interest in obtaining a sample of measurements of the noise exposure of workers who use communication headsets under very different working conditions, and with different headsets, environmental noise, etc
Ion conduction behaviour in chemically crosslinked hybrid ionogels: effect of free-dangling oligoethyleneoxides (2015)

Ion conduction studies of chemically crosslinked hybrid ionogels fabricated with newly synthesized PEO-functionalized ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes revealed insight into the design of electrolytes for next generation lithium ion batteries.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Inverted tert-Alkyl Carboxylates from Chiral tert-Alcohols by a New Type of Oxidation−Reduction Condensation Using 2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (2003)

Oxidation-reduction condensation using in situ-formed alkoxydiphenylphosphines, 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, and carboxylic acids provided a new and efficient method for the preparation of inverted tert-alkyl carboxylates from various chiral tertiary alcohols.
Role of L2 cysteines in papillomavirus infection and neutralization (2009)

Vaccination of mice with minor capsid protein L2 or passive transfer with the L2-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody RG-1 protects against human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) challenge. Here we explored the nature of the RG-1 epitope and its contribution to viral infectivity. RG-1 bound equivalently HPV16 L2 residues 17-36 with or without an intact C22-C28 disulphide bridge. HPV16 L2 mutations K20A, C22A, C22S, C28A, C28S, or P29A prevented RG-1 binding, whereas Y19A, K23A or Q24A had no impact. Mutation of either C22 or C28 to alanine or serine compromises HPV16 pseudoviral infectivity both in vitro and in the murine vaginal tract, but does not impact pseudovirion assembly. Despite their lack of infectivity, HPV16 pseudovirions containing C22S or C28S mutant L2 bind to cell surfaces, are taken up, and expose the 17-36 region on the virion surface as for wild type HPV16 pseudovirions suggesting normal furin cleavage of L2. Mutation of the second cysteine residue in Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) L2 to serine (C25S) dramatically reduced the infectivity of BPV1 pseudovirions. Surprisingly, in contrast to the double mutation in HPV16 L2, the BPV1 L2 C19S, C25S double mutation reduced BPV1 pseudovirion infectivity of 293TT cells by only half.
Stereospecific polymerization with metallocenes: Macromolecular design via catalysis (1995)

Abstract Forty years after Natta's discoveries of stereospecific olefin polymerization with Ziegler catalysts, new catalysts are causing a renaissance in stereospecific olefin polymerization. Metallocene Ziegler‐Natta catalysts are unprecedented in their ability to polymerize α‐olefins to a variety of polymer microstructures. 1 Isotactic, syndiotactic, atactic and stereoblock poly(α‐olefins) have been produced using catalysts derived from group 4 metallocene catalyst precursors.
Differential diffusion charge redistribution for photovoltaic cell-level power balancing (2014)

Mismatch loss remains an important issue to address in PV systems, and many power electronic solutions have been proposed to recover these losses. However, conventional power electronics for solar power optimization often have to make tradeoffs among conversion efficiency, optimization granularity, and overall system cost. This paper presents a cell-level power balancing scheme that breaks the existing design paradigm. The proposed architecture simultaneously achieves maximum power point tracking without any external passive components at the cell-level, and maintains differential power processing with zero insertion loss. This is accomplished by leveraging the recently proposed diffusion charge redistribution technique, taking advantage of the readily available diffusion capacitance of solar cells to perform power balancing rather than relying on adding costly energy storage components. Furthermore, a dual current inverter interface is introduced to avoid processing common-mode generated power in order to minimize overall conversion loss. Significant boost in overall system efficiency is achieved under both matched and partial shading conditions. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of this approach.