gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coils’ Current Distortion Due to Variable Series Compensation Capacitance in EV Wireless Charging for a Constant Optimum Load (2022)

When considering EV wireless charging that uses inductive power transfer with magnetic resonance, the coils’ current distortion must be minimized to guarantee compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility limits on the radiated magnetic field set by the relevant industrial standards. This paper analyzes the current distortion caused by switch-controlled capacitors (SCCs) used as series compensation to achieve constant optimum load (COL) matching at different coils’ alignments. First, the proposed COL charging method is explained where the SCCs have either the half-wave or the full-wave modulation. Their impact on the measured coils’ current distortion has been analyzed up to 30MHz by computing the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Additionally, the currents’ FFT from the half-wave modulation has been compared to those resulting from the conventional series-series compensation with fixed capacitance. The SCCs using the half-wave modulation result in the highest total-lumped distortion. However, the individual amplitudes corresponding to the critical frequencies of the radiated magnetic field’s limit from SAE J2954 are comparable or lower than those resulting from the other implementations. Finally, the radiated magnetic field resulting from each strategy has been evaluated using the finite element method. All results are well within the SAE J2954 recommended limits at 10 m. Moreover, a minimum distance of 25 cm from the outer sides of the coupled coils ensures a safe exposure to both the general public and implanted medical devices according to the ICNIRP reference levels.
Measurement-Based Parameter Identification of DC-DC Converters with Adaptive Approximate Bayesian Computation (2021)

The recent advances in power plants and energy resources have extended the applications of DC-DC converters in the power systems (especially in the context of DC microgrids). Parameter identification can extract the parameters of the converters and generate accurate discrete simulation models. In this paper, we propose a measurement-based converter parameter calibration method by an adaptive Approximate Bayesian Computation with sequential Monte Carlo sampler (ABC SMC), which estimates the parameters related to passive and parasitic components. At first, we propose to find suitable prior distribution for the parameter which we do not know the prior information about them. With having prior distributions, we can use the ABC-SMC to find the exact values of the parameters of the converter. We chose the distance function carefully and based on the simulations we assigned the best method for the threshold sequencing. For improving the computationally of the algorithm, we propose an adaptive weight that helps the algorithm to find the optimal values with fewer simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated for a DC-DC buck converter. The results show that the proposed approach can accurately and efficiently estimate the posterior distributions of the buck parameters. The proposed algorithm can be applied to other parameter identifications and optimization applications such as rectifiers, filters, etc.
The increase in pulmonary arterial pressure caused by hypoxia depends on iron status (2008)

Hypoxia is a major cause of pulmonary hypertension. Gene expression activated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is central to this process. The oxygen-sensing iron-dependent dioxygenase enzymes that regulate HIF are highly sensitive to varying iron availability. It is unknown whether iron similarly influences the pulmonary vasculature. This human physiology study aimed to determine whether varying iron availability affects pulmonary arterial pressure and the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia, as predicted biochemically by the role of HIF. In a controlled crossover study, 16 healthy iron-replete volunteers undertook two separate protocols. The 'Iron Protocol' studied the effects of an intravenous infusion of iron on the pulmonary vascular response to 8 h of sustained hypoxia. The 'Desferrioxamine Protocol' examined the effects of an 8 h intravenous infusion of the iron chelator desferrioxamine on the pulmonary circulation. Primary outcome measures were pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and the PASP response to acute hypoxia (DeltaPASP), assessed by Doppler echocardiography. In the Iron Protocol, infusion of iron abolished or greatly reduced both the elevation in baseline PASP (P < 0.001) and the enhanced sensitivity of the pulmonary vasculature to acute hypoxia (P = 0.002) that are induced by exposure to sustained hypoxia. In the Desferrioxamine Protocol, desferrioxamine significantly elevated both PASP (P < 0.001) and DeltaPASP (P = 0.01). We conclude that iron availability modifies pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia. Further research should investigate the potential for therapeutic manipulation of iron status in the management of hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive disease.
Mixed-Privacy Forgetting in Deep Networks (2021)

We show that the influence of a subset of the training samples can be removed – or "forgotten" – from the weights of a network trained on large-scale image classification tasks, and we provide strong computable bounds on the amount of remaining information after forgetting. Inspired by real-world applications of forgetting techniques, we introduce a novel notion of forgetting in mixed-privacy setting, where we know that a "core" subset of the training samples does not need to be forgotten. While this variation of the problem is conceptually simple, we show that working in this setting significantly improves the accuracy and guarantees of forgetting methods applied to vision classification tasks. Moreover, our method allows efficient removal of all information contained in non-core data by simply setting to zero a subset of the weights with minimal loss in performance. We achieve these results by replacing a standard deep network with a suitable linear approximation. With opportune changes to the network architecture and training procedure, we show that such linear approximation achieves comparable performance to the original network and that the forgetting problem becomes quadratic and can be solved efficiently even for large models. Unlike previous forgetting methods on deep networks, ours can achieve close to the state-of-the-art accuracy on large scale vision tasks. In particular, we show that our method allows forgetting without having to trade off the model accuracy.
Ranked Sparse Signal Support Detection (2012)

This paper considers the problem of detecting the support (sparsity pattern) of a sparse vector from random noisy measurements. Conditional power of a component of the sparse vector is defined as the energy conditioned on the component being nonzero. Analysis of a simplified version of orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) called sequential OMP (SequOMP) demonstrates the importance of knowledge of the rankings of conditional powers. When the simple SequOMP algorithm is applied to components in nonincreasing order of conditional power, the detrimental effect of dynamic range on thresholding performance is eliminated. Furthermore, under the most favorable conditional powers, the performance of SequOMP approaches maximum likelihood performance at high signal-to-noise ratio.
BACIC: a new method for lossless bi-level and grayscale image compression (2002)

BACIC is a new method of lossless bi-level image compression introduced to replace JBIG and G3, the current standards for bi-level and facsimile image compression. This paper applies the BACIC (block arithmetic coding for image compression) algorithm to reduced grayscale and full grayscale image compression. BACIC's compressed files are slightly smaller than JBIGs, twice as small as G3s, and at least thirty percent smaller than lossless-JPEGs (when lossless JPEG uses Huffman coding) for reduced grayscale images with fewer than 7 bits/pixel.
A Visit to the Chinese Press (1973)

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Application of fibres for the stabilisation of steep slopes (2018)

For many years, techniques improving weak soils by means of additional elements incorporated into their structures have been applying in geotechnical structures (earth structures). An example of such a procedure is the use of geosynthetics enabling to solve geotechnical problems related to anti-erosion protection, as well as filtration and draining. In addition to geosynthetics, randomly distributed fibers are used. Fibers mixed with soil perform a function similar to the function of the root system of protective vegetation and enable the creation of flexible and easy to green construction. During the research, the influence of the type of fibers and their amount on erosion of slope located in the suburbs of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was determined. Soil parameters and fiber properties were determined before their placement. Research on the physical properties of the soils and fibers morphological structure and strength was carried out in accordance with applicable standards. Subsequently, the slope stability was assessed during many months of exploitation. During the research, 2 m wide plots were created on the slope, covered with soil mixed with various amount of fibers. Fibers mixed with soil form a spatial grid retaining soil particles washed out by streams of surface water flowing down, limit the negative impact of erosion and increase slope stability. Natural fibers store excess water in soil, which promotes the development of protective vegetation.
Soft electrostatic repulsion in particle monolayers at liquid interfaces: surface pressure and effect of aggregation (2016)

Non-densely packed interfacial monolayers from charged micrometre-sized colloid particles find applications for producing micropatterned surfaces. The soft electrostatic repulsion between the particles in a monolayer on an air/water (or oil/water) interface is mediated by the non-polar fluid, where Debye screening is absent and the distances between the particles are considerably greater than their diameters. Surface pressure versus area isotherms were measured at the air/water interface. The experiments show that asymptotically the surface pressure is inversely proportional to the third power of the interparticle distance. A theoretical model is developed that predicts not only the aforementioned asymptotic law but also the whole surface pressure versus area dependence. An increase in the surface pressure upon aggregation of charged particles in the interfacial monolayers is experimentally established. This effect is explained by the developed theoretical model, which predicts that the surface pressure should linearly increase with the square root of the particle mean aggregation number. The effect of added electrolyte on the aggregation is also investigated. The data lead to the conclusion that 'limited aggregation' exists in the monolayers of charged particles. In brief, the stronger electrostatic repulsion between the bigger aggregates leads to a higher barrier to their coalescence that, in turn, prevents any further aggregation, i.e. negative feedback is present.This article is part of the themed issue 'Soft interfacial materials: from fundamentals to formulation'.
Methods and reproducibility of cardiac/respiratory double-triggered1H-MR spectroscopy of the human heart (1999)

Localized (1)H-MR spectroscopy is sensitive to motion and has mostly been applied to the brain. For the human heart, cardiac and respiratory motion lead to displacements on the order of the localized voxel and lead to substantial variations of voxel content, lineshape, water suppression, and signal phase and amplitude. Combined respiratory and cardiac double triggering can avoid these complications to a large extent. Three methods of double triggering are evaluated, with reproducibility established in nine subjects for a method based on respiratory modulation of the ECG amplitude and a visual feedback mechanism. Quantitated with respect to water, within-subject reproducibilities for this setup were 9% for trimethylammonium compounds, 10% for creatine/phosphocreatine, and 13% for lipids. ANOVA showed significant differences between subjects which may relate to natural variability between subjects or exact location within the heart. Unresolved issues for this technique are its susceptibility to precise placement of ECG electrodes and the reasons for failure in 20% of examination. With this technique it is possible to investigate open questions in cardiac pathophysiology, such as the creatine content in chronic heart disease. Variants of this triggering method may also improve cardiovascular MRI methods relying on data acquired in several heartbeats. Magn Reson Med 42:903-910, 1999.
Roll-to-Roll Printed Transparent Applique Antennas (2018)

In this paper, we present recent advancements in optically transparent antennas that are fabricated using large scale, roll-to-roll manufacturing processes. A CPW-fed Long Term Evolution (LTE) antenna was printed on a 125μm PET base substrate with predefined dimensions of copper micro-wire mesh, which had a sheet resistance of ~0.4 ohm/square, ~77% optical transmission, and~1.1% haze. The measured linear average gain (LAG) of the transparent antenna dropped about 2dB when compared to a solid metal counterpart. However measured 2×2 MIMO throughput with both antennas was found to have comparable performance during a vehicle drive test. Furthermore, it was found that the windshield mounted transparent antenna outperformed a roof mounted “Sharkfin” antenna by as much as 50% in the MIMO throughput.
Sexual harassment among nursing professionals: evidence and prescriptions for administrators. (1995)

The results of this study indicate that the experience of sexual harassment among nursing professionals may be more widespread than previously reported. With only one percent of respondents reporting ¿quid pro quo¿ harassment, the vast majority of harassment fell into the ¿hostile environment¿ category where the victim's perceptions are all important. Health care administrators should be cautioned that harassment and discrimination are evolving and expanding areas of the law, necessitating current knowledge of the standards for actionable conduct. To lower the risk of liability from claims of both victims and the accused, harassment and discrimination policies should be aggressive, proactive, fair, and thorough.
Effect of receiver design on PMD outage for RZ and NRZ (2002)

An assessment of the polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) robustness of a modulation format must include the detailed characteristics of the receiver, particularly its structure and bandwidths. We have compared RZ and NRZ on/off keying signals, and have shown that RZ outperforms NRZ for electrical receiver bandwidths below about 0.75 W.
Accurate Mass Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry on Quadrupole Orthogonal Acceleration Time-of-Flight Mass Analyzers Using Switching between Separate Sample and Reference Sprays. 2. Applications Using the Dual-Electrospray Ion Source (2001)

A new electrospray dual sprayer, LockSpray, was developed for accurate mass measurements on a quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer (oa-Q-ToF). With the dual-sprayer ion source, both sprays are orthogonal to each other. A mechanism similar to the one employed on the multiplexed electrospray source (MUX) allows switching between reference and sample sprayer. The reference sprayer is optimized for low flow rates, whereas the sample sprayer is a conventional Z-spray type sprayer. Earlier work using a modified MUX ion source on an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight instrument showed promising results. In this paper, examples obtained with the LockSpray, specifically designed for accurate mass measurements on an oa-Q-ToF, are presented. The examples include results obtained for the identification of impurities in drug substances such as cimetidine and rosiglitazone, using accurate mass tandem mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion electrospray modes. Good mass accuracies, i.e., within 2 mDa of the theoretical value, were obtained in MS and MS/MS operation.
Fabrication of a silver nanoparticle-coated collagen membrane with anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities for guided bone regeneration (2018)

Alveolar bone loss is a common problem that affects dental implant placement. A barrier between the bone substitute and gingiva that can prevent fibro-tissue ingrowth, bacterial infection and induce bone formation is a key factor in improving the success of alveolar ridge reconstruction. This study aims to develop a bioactive collagen barrier material for guided bone regeneration, that is coupled with anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. We have evaluated two silver coating methods and found controllable and precise coating achieved by sonication compared with sputtering. The optimized AgNP-coated collagen membrane exhibited excellent anti-bacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) with limited cellular toxicity. It also displayed effective anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Additionally, AgNP-coated collagen membranes were able to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells that guide bone regeneration. These findings demonstrate the potential application of AgNP-coated collagen membranes to prevent infection after bone graft introduction in alveolar ridge reconstruction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a DNA‐Cleaving Bis(propargylic) Sulfone Crown Ether. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Oxygen Regulation of Tumor Perfusion by S -Nitrosohemoglobin Reveals a Pressor Activity of Nitric Oxide (2005)

In erythrocytes, S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) arises from S-nitrosylation of oxygenated hemoglobin (Hb). It has been shown that SNO-Hb behaves as a nitric oxide (NO) donor at low oxygen tensions. This property, in combination with oxygen transport capacity, suggests that SNO-Hb may have unique potential to reoxygenate hypoxic tissues. The present study was designed to test the idea that the allosteric properties of SNO-Hb could be manipulated to enhance oxygen delivery in a hypoxic tumor. Using Laser Doppler flowmetry, we showed that SNO-Hb infusion to animals breathing 21% O2 reduced tumor perfusion without affecting blood pressure and heart rate. Raising the pO2 (100% O2) slowed the release of NO bioactivity from SNO-Hb (ie, prolonged the plasma half-life of the SNO in Hb), preserved tumor perfusion, and raised the blood pressure. In contrast, native Hb reduced both tumor perfusion and heart rate independently of the oxygen concentration of the inhaled gas, and did not elicit hypertensive effects. Window chamber (to image tumor arteriolar reactivity in vivo) and hemodynamic measurements indicated that the preservation of tissue perfusion by micromolar concentrations of SNO-Hb is a composite effect created by reduced peripheral vascular resistance and direct inhibition of the baroreceptor reflex, leading to increased blood pressure. Overall, these results indicate that the properties of SNO-Hb are attributable to allosteric control of NO release by oxygen in central as well as peripheral issues.
Search for the rare decay Λc+→pμ+μ− (2018)

A search for the flavor-changing neutral-current decay ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is reported using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected by the LHCb Collaboration. No significant signal is observed outside of the dimuon mass regions around the $\ensuremath{\phi}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$ resonances, and an upper limit is placed on the branching fraction of $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})&lt;7.7(9.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ at 90%(95%) confidence level. A significant signal is observed in the $\ensuremath{\omega}$ dimuon mass region for the first time.
Evaluation of Cascaded Multi-Keyhole Channels in Cooperative Diversity Wireless Communications (2012)

To accurately evaluate and manage future distributed wireless networks, it is indispensable to fully understand cooperative propagation channels. In this contribution, we propose cascaded multi-keyhole channel models for analyzing cooperative diversity wireless communications. The cascaded Wishart distribution is adopted to investigate the eigenvalue distribution of the multi-keyhole MIMO (multiple input multiple output) channel matrix, and the capacity performance is also presented for the wireless systems over such channels. A diversity order approximation method is proposed for better evaluating the eigenvalue and capacity distributions. The good match of analytical derivations and numerical simulations validates the proposed models and analysis methods. The proposed models can provide an important reference for the optimization and management of cooperative diversity wireless networks.
Direct observation of hot-electron energy distribution in silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (1999)

We have directly observed the energy distributions of hot electrons in Si metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors. We used a lateral hot-electron transistor employing two potential barriers (an emitter barrier and a collector barrier) that divided the Si surface into three regions (the emitter, base, and collector). For an emitter-base voltage of −1.04 V, hot electrons with an excess energy of 0.7 eV were detected at the collector. The ratio of hot electrons to the injected electrons was 1.3%.
Near infrared throughput and stray light measurements of diffraction gratings for ELT-HARMONI (2018)

The High Angular Resolution Monolithic Optical and Near-infrared Integral field spectrograph (HARMONI) will be one of the instruments installed on ESO's 39-meter Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) at first light. The instrument will operate from 0.47 - 2.45 &mu;m with &Delta;&lambda;/&lambda; = 3,000 - 17,000. On-sky spatial pixels (spaxels) are divided between four spectrographs, each equipped with 11 transmission diffraction gratings to cover the ranges of wavelengths and spectral resolutions. These spectrographs will be cooled to ~140 K to decrease thermal radiation at longer wavelengths. In all configurations, the diffraction grating will lose a greater fraction of scientific light than any other single optic in the instrument. Additionally, manufacturers are often unable to measure the fraction of transmitted light at HARMONI's longest wavelengths. For these reasons, we have developed a setup to measure the efficiencies of transmission diffraction gratings across HARMONI's bandpass. The setup uses modulated signals, a single detector, and a lock-in amplifier to minimize sources of systematic errors. A modified version of this setup may be used to measure stray light. These setups and initial results are presented.