gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional diffractive coherent combining of 15 fiber amplifiers into a 600 W beam (2012)

We demonstrate coherent beam combining using a two-dimensionally patterned diffractive optic combining element. Fifteen Yb-doped fiber amplifier beams arranged in a 3×5 array were combined into a single 600 W, M²=1.1 output beam with 68% combining efficiency. Combining losses under thermally stable conditions at 485 W were found to be dominated by spatial mode-mismatch between the free space input beams, in quantitative agreement with calculations using the measured amplitude and phase profiles of the input beams.
Beyond the switch (2014)

The commercial introduction of connected lighting that can be integrated with sensors and other devices is opening up new possibilities in creating responsive and intelligent environments. The role of lighting in such systems goes beyond simply functional illumination. In part due to the large and established lighting network, and with the advent of the LED, new types of lighting output are now possible. However, the current approach for controlling such systems is to simply replace the light switch with a somewhat more sophisticated smartphone-based remote control. The focus of this workshop is to explore new ways of interacting with light where lighting can not only be switched on or off, but is an intelligent system embedded in the environment capable of creating a variety of effects. The connectivity between multiple systems and other ecosystems, for example when transitioning from your home, to your car and to your office, will also be explored during this workshop as a part of a connected lifestyle between different contexts.
Study of resistance spot weldability of a new stainless steel (2018)

The weldability of a newly developed stainless steel was investigated by comparing with hot-dipped galvanised dual phase and low carbon steels in a two-sheet stack-up of similar metal. The weld lobes, mechanical properties, weld morphology, microstructures and microhardness profiles of the welds made with the three materials were comparatively discussed. Results showed that significant softening was observed in the stainless steel weld nugget. Compared to the dual phase steel and low carbon steel, the stainless steel has a very narrow weld lobe but requires lower welding current and shorter welding time, and the stainless steel weld performed better mechanical properties in the case of welds with same nugget size, but it tended to exhibit interfacial fracture in tensile shear tests.
Ultra Low-Power MEMS-Based Radios for WBAN (2016)

MEM resonators (FBAR) prove superior to quartz crystals for building Ultra Low Powered (ULP) wireless body area network (WBAN) systems owing to their fast wake-up which serves to reduce the energy overhead in the frequency synthesizer. The communication in some of these nodes which involve implantable devices occur through the human body which is a lossy medium that should be taken into consideration. The main source of the power dissipation in the WBAN systems is the radio required to communicate with the data collection hub. Using such resonators, the loop-based synthesizer (PLL) employing crystal oscillator reference can be replaced by a loop- free, almost fully digital synthesizers which not only can startup in ?>s, but also avoid the latency due to the settling of the PLL. The FBAR pseudo-lattice filter limits the noise bandwidth which prevents noise folding, a major drawback in sampling receivers.
Effect Of Layout On Gate Oxide Defects At Gate Edges (2005)

Ramped voltage breakdown tests on large capacitors along with antenna induced gate oxide leakage tests were used to char- acterize gate oxide defects. The gate edge-intensive test structure is found to be sensitive to gate edge process-related oxide defects. Charge buildup occurs mainly through polysilicon antenna structures. The in- terconnect layer and the layout scheme of a gate edge-intensive test structure can alter the effect of charge buildup during postgate pro- cessing and thus affect the extent of failures.
Data from Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Contributes to Resistance to Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Drugs in Human Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The resistance to selective EGFR inhibitors involves the activation of alternative signaling pathways, and Akt activation and VEGF induction have been described in EGFR inhibitor–resistant tumors. Combined inhibition of EGFR and other signaling proteins has become a successful therapeutic approach, stimulating the search for further determinants of resistance as basis for novel therapeutic strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We established human cancer cell lines with various degrees of EGFR expression and sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors and analyzed signal transducers under the control of EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Multitargeted inhibitor vandetanib (ZD6474) inhibited the growth and the phosphorylation of Akt and its effector p70S6 kinase in both wild-type and EGFR inhibitor–resistant human colon, prostate, and breast cancer cells. We found that the resistant cell lines exhibit, as common feature, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 overexpression, increased secretion of VEGF and placental growth factor, and augmented migration capabilities and that vandetanib is able to antagonize them. Accordingly, a new kinase assay revealed that in addition to VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, RET, and EGFR, vandetanib efficiently inhibits also VEGFR-1. The contribution of VEGFR-1 to the resistant phenotype was further supported by the demonstration that VEGFR-1 silencing in resistant cells restored sensitivity to anti-EGFR drugs and impaired migration capabilities, whereas exogenous VEGFR-1 overexpression in wild-type cells conferred resistance to these agents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; This study shows that VEGFR-1 contributes to anti-EGFR drug resistance in different human cancer cells. Moreover, vandetanib inhibits VEGFR-1 activation, cell proliferation, and migration, suggesting its potential utility in patients resistant to EGFR inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Selective Adsorbents from Ordered Mesoporous Silica (2003)

Ordered mesoporous silica adsorbents were prepared by grafting amino- and carboxylic-containing functional groups onto MCM-41 for the removal of Acid blue 25 and Methylene blue dyes from wastewater. The amino-containing OMS−NH2 adsorbent has a large adsorption capacity and a strong affinity for the Acid blue 25. It can selectively remove Acid blue 25 from a mixture of dyes (i.e., Acid blue 25 and Methylene blue). The OMS−COOH is a good adsorbent for Methylene blue displaying excellent adsorption capacity and selectivity for the dye. The better selectivity of the OMS-based adsorbents means longer operating life and less maintenance. Furthermore, these adsorbents can be regenerated by simple washing with alkaline or acid solution to recover both the adsorbents and the adsorbed dyes.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Catalyzed Regioselective Oxidative Ring‐Opening of Epoxides with Aromatic Aldehydes: A Facile Entry to α‐Acyloxyketones. (2016)

Abstract 2‐Substituted as well as 2,3‐disubstituted epoxides containing aryl, hetaryl, or alkyl groups are transformed with aryl or hetaryl aldehydes according to the title reaction.
Extension of the PDDG/PM3 Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Method to Sulfur, Silicon, and Phosphorus (2005)

The PDDG/PM3 semiempirical molecular orbital method has been parameterized for molecules, ions, and complexes containing sulfur; the mean absolute error (MAE) for heats of formation, DeltaH(f), of 6.4 kcal/mol is 35 - 40 % smaller than for PM3, AM1, and MNDO/d. For completeness, parameterization was also carried out for silicon and phosphorous. For 144 silicon-containing molecules, the DeltaH(f) MAE for PDDG/PM3, PM3, and AM1 is 11 - 12 kcal/mol, while MNDO/d yields 9.4 kcal/mol. For the limited set of 43 phosphorus-containing molecules, MNDO/d also yields the best results followed by PDDG/PM3, AM1, and PM3. The benefits of the d-orbitals in MNDO/d for hypervalent compounds are apparent for silicon and phosphorous, while they are masked in the larger dataset for sulfur by large errors for branched compounds. Overall, for 1480 molecules, ions, and complexes containing the elements H, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl, Br, and I, the MAEs in kcal/mol for DeltaH(f) are 6.5 (PDDG/PM3), 8.7 (PM3), 10.3 (MNDO/d), 10.8 (AM1), and 19.8 (MNDO).
e-Restoration of Faces Appearing In Cultural Heritage Artefacts (2009)

Virtual restoration of Cultural Heritage (CH) artefacts is an important task that aims to re-create the original appearance of damaged items. In this paper we describe a method that can be used for virtual restoration of faces appearing in cultural heritage artefacts. Given a damaged face appearing in a 2D image we estimate the complete 3D shape of a face using data from the non-damaged face and we predict the texture of the damaged regions. As a result it is possible to generate a restored 3D model of the face which can be mapped back on the 2D image in order to complete the restoration process. Both visual and quantitative results prove the potential of the proposed method.
Macroscopic observables (2005)

We study macroscopic observables defined as the total value of a physical quantity over a collection of quantum systems. We show that previous results obtained for an infinite ensemble of identically prepared systems lead to incorrect conclusions for finite ensembles. In particular, exact measurement of a macroscopic observable significantly disturbs the state of any finite ensemble. However, we show how this disturbance can be made arbitrarily small when the measurements are of finite accuracy. We demonstrate a general trade-off between state disturbance and measurement coarseness as a function of the size of the ensemble. Using this trade-off, we show that the histories generated by any sequence of finite accuracy macroscopic measurements always generate a consistent family in the absence of large-scale entanglement for sufficiently large ensembles. Hence, macroscopic observables behave ``classically'' provided that their accuracy is coarser than the quantum correlation length scale of the system. The role of these observable is also discussed in the context of NMR quantum information processing and bulk ensemble quantum state tomography.
Bounding performance and suppressing intercarrier interference in wireless mobile OFDM (2003)

While rapid variations of the fading channel cause intercarrier interference (ICI) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), thereby degrading its performance considerably, they also introduce temporal diversity, which can be exploited to improve performance. We first derive a matched-filter bound (MFB) for OFDM transmissions over doubly selective Rayleigh fading channels, which benchmarks the best possible performance if ICI is completely canceled without noise enhancement. We then derive universal performance bounds which show that the time-varying channel causes most of the symbol energy to be distributed over a few subcarriers, and that the ICI power on a subcarrier mainly comes from several neighboring subcarriers. Based on this fact, we develop low-complexity minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) receivers for ICI suppression. Simulations show that the DFE receiver can collect significant gains of ICI-impaired OFDM with affordable complexity. In the relatively low Doppler frequency region, the bit-error rate of the DFE receiver is close to the MFB.
A Dual Modality Dynamic Imaging System (2008)

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a recently emerging technique that uses arrays of sources and detectors to obtain spatially dependent optical parameters of tissue. DOT techniques have been applied for a wide range of applications, especially for breast and head as well as animal imaging. We have developed an integrated dynamic MR/DOT imaging system. This combined system can acquire MR and optical data simultaneously with a high temporal resolution. Hence, the enhancement kinetics of multiple MR and optical contrast agents can be monitored independently.
P65-M Phosphopeptide Enrichment Using a High-Affinity Metal Oxide Sorbent Packed in a Micro-Elution Plate. (2007)

The reversible phophorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine is one of the most important post-translational modifications involved in various cellular functions. Identification of phophorylation sites by mass spectrometry is challenging due to the low abundance of phosphopeptides and their limited ionization efficiency. Therefore, it is critical to selectively enrich the phosphopeptides prior to MS analysis. In this study we investigated the affinity extraction of phosphopeptides using a metal oxide–based solid-phase extraction (SPE) microscale device. This sorbent shows high affinity towards phosphopeptides; acidic peptide adsorption is greatly minimized. When dealing with highly complex samples (e.g., cell lysate), the selectivity of phosphopeptides can be further improved by mixing the sample with additive, aromatic carboxylic acids prior to loading onto the SPE. The metal oxide SPE is compared with other methods such as immobilized metal affinity chromatography and titanium dioxide–based phosphopeptide enrichment. Enhanced performance was observed in terms of the selectivity. MALDI-TOF and nanoLC/MS/ MS were used to study the phosphopeptide recovery and selectivity. Phosphopeptide standards, alpha-casein tryptic digest, and yeast cell lysate were used to evaluate the phosphopeptide enrichment method’s performance.
Global synchronization of parallel processors using clock pulse width modulation (2023)

A circuit generates a global clock signal with a pulse width modification to synchronize processors in a parallel computing system. The circuit may include a hardware module and a clock splitter. The hardware module may generate a clock signal and performs a pulse width modification on the clock signal. The pulse width modification changes a pulse width within a clock period in the clock signal. The clock splitter may distribute the pulse width modified clock signal to a plurality of processors in the parallel computing system.
Label free detection of PCR amplification (2008)

In this paper, we present a method for the label-free detection of PCR products using impedance spectroscopy. Instead of using conventional optical detection instruments, our method provides a direct detection of amplified target genes in PCR. As a proof of concept, identification of a target bacterium in a mixture of microorganisms is demonstrated.
Sol–gel precursors for group 14 nanocrystals (2010)

The synthesis of Group 14 nanocrystals with controlled size dispersity and composition is an area of considerable interest due to their size-dependent optical and electronic properties, thought to enable their use in a wide range of applications such as fluorophores for biological imaging and photovoltaics. In this review, the use of sol-gel derived polymers as precursors for oxide-embedded Group 14 nanocrystals is presented. This versatile approach can yield tangible quantities of both oxide-embedded and freestanding materials with controllable size, narrow size distributions, and tailorable composition.
Corrigendum: A Multicomponent Ni‐, Zr‐, and Cu‐Catalyzed Strategy for Enantioselective Synthesis of Alkenyl‐Substituted Quaternary Carbons (2014)

The footnotes in Tables 1 and 2 of this communication were labeled incorrectly. The footnote for ECA yield should be changed to [c] (previously [d]) and the footnote corresponding to e.r. values should be changed to [d] (previously [e]). All yields are of isolated and purified products. In Table 1, entries 7 and 8 correspond to the only reactions for which catalyst 1 c was used. In Table 2, only entries 11 and 12 relate to transformations where catalyst precursor 1 a was utilized. The accurate versions of Tables 1 and 2 are provided below. The Supporting Information has been amended as well. Entry R1; R2 ECA conv. [%][b] Prod. Carbomet./acyl. yield [%];[c] ECA yield [%][c] e.r.[d] 1 pMeOC6H4; C6H5 >98 3 b 40; 75 98:2 2 pBrC6H4; C6H5 >98 3 c 63; 60 96:4 3 C6H5; pMeOC6H4 >98 3 d 80; 60 96.5:3.5 4 C6H5; pF3CC6H4 >98 3 e 80; 72 98:2 5 oMeOC6H4; C6H5 >98 3 f 80; 60 98:2 6 C6H5; 3-thienyl >98 3 g 80; 54 96.5:3.5 7 Cy; C6H5[e] >98 3 h 61; 51 97:3 8 CH2C6H5; C6H5[e] >98 3 i 80; 55 90.5:9.5 9 C6H5; Cy >98 3 j 80; 60 94.5:5.5 Entry R1; R2 ECA conv. [%][b] Prod. Carbomet./acyl. yield [%];[c] ECA yield [%][c] e.r.[d] 1 C6H5; C6H5 >98 4 a 80; 82 99:1 2 pMeOC6H4; C6H5 >98 4 b 40; 95 97.5:2.5 3 mFC6H4; C6H5 >98 4 c 88; 88 99:1 4 oFC6H4; C6H5 88 4 d 60; 48 99:1 5 C6H5; pMeOC6H4 >98 4 e 80; 95 98:2 6 C6H5; pF3CC6H4 >98 4 f 80; 80 97:3 7 C6H5; mF3CC6H4 >98 4 g 80; 97 98:2 8 C6H5; oFC6H4 >98 4 h 80; 71 99:1 9 pMeOC6H4; 3-thienyl >98 4 i 40; 81 98:2 10 pBrC6H4; C6H5 >98 4 j 63; 95 99:1 11 (CH2)3OTBS; C6H5[e] >98 4 k 62; 87 95:5 12 CH2C6H5; C6H5[e] >98 4 l 80; 85 97.5:2.5 13 Cy; C6H5 >98 4 m 61; 83 92:8
Optimal microbubble production rate from a flow-focusing microfluidic device as a function of nozzle size, gas pressure, and liquid flow rate (2011)

Previous studies have shown that flow-focusing microfluidic devices (FFMDs) produce monodisperse microbubbles with tunable diameters in a continuous process and that microbubble diameter is a function of gas and liquid flow rate. However, there is currently no model for microbubble production rate from an FFMD. In this paper, PDMS-based, rectangular-nozzle FFMDs are characterized in order to determine parameters and a model for optimal microbubble production - high production rate while maintaining monodispersity. Parameters tested include nozzle width, liquid phase concentration, gas pressure, and liquid flow rate. Microbubble diameter and production rates were determined optically using a high speed camera. The data was fit in order to determine an empirical model for microbubble diameter and highest production rate as a function of FFMD parameters. We encountered a quadratic relationship between production rate and diameter and a linear relationship between pressure and microbubble diameter sensitivity to gas and liquid flow rate.
Treatment planning comparison in the PROTECT-trial randomising proton versus photon beam therapy in oesophageal cancer: Results from eight European centres (2022)

Large variability in dose to the lungs and heart was observed for both modalities. Inter-fractional anatomical changes led to larger target dose deterioration for XT than PT plans.
Field Trial of Photonic Switches for Efficient Fiber Network Operation and Maintenance (2007)

Results of Verizon field trial using MEMS and beam-steering photonic switching technologies for automating network operation and maintenance functions show that operational expenses and downtime can be significantly reduced.
Effects of the Molecular Design on the Supramolecular Organization of Luminescent Pt(II) Complexes (2019)

Abstract Self‐assembly is an extremely important processes that allows the constructions of large supramolecular architectures through encoded information present in the components. A subtle change in the chemical structure of the single unit can dramatically change the kinetics and thermodynamic pathway. We demonstrate that a minor change, introduced by designing the structure of a family of Pt(II) complexes can influence the color of the emission of the assemblies and their kinetic behaviour. The assembly processes, visualized by confocal microscopy, and detailed through photophysical measurements, reveal that the establishment of intermolecular interactions, as well as electronic factors lead to completely different assemblies in solution of the platinum compounds. A correlation between the observed behaviour and the chemical structure of the compounds is discussed and the results indicate a strong kinetic control of the supramolecular processes.
Advanced mass spectrometric characterization of DNA (1994)

Mass spectrometric characterization of DNA has progressed rapidly due to the development in electrospray ionization (ESI) and MALDI methods. ESI is especially gentle, producing multiply charged ions with high efficiency. The authors have applied ESI-MS to different aspects of DNA research. Precise molecular weight determination aids in confirming the sequence and the structure of oligonucleotides. Non-covalent associations involving DNA are essential for cellular and genomic processes. The advantages of MS in such studies include speed, sensitivity and the ability to obtain structural detail. The authors have studied interactions between duplex-DNA and minor grove binding drugs and observed distamycin-A/oligonucleotide duplex complexes with stoichiometry consistent with NMR results. A number of guanine-rich DNA sequences assemble into quadruplex structures in vitro and have been localized in several key regions in chromosomal DNA. The authors have prepared oligonucleotides designed to test the specificity of cation inclusion and observed ions with quadruplex stoichiometry. The nature and extent of cation association were determined using high resolution MS. With ESI, the high efficiency and the use of liquid samples holds significant promises for rapid DNA sequencing. In developing a method for MS sizing of sequencing mixtures, the authors have attempted to address the problem of multiple-charging bymore » charge-state reduction of oligonucleotide ions. The authors are also investigating a more ambitious approach based on the ability to follow the reactions of individual ions. In progress to date the authors have shown that very large DNA molecules can be ionized intact and measured, potentially opening the door to rapid sequencing by gas-phase DNA degradation.« less
Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Using Carbon Aerogel Doped with Palladium Nanoparticles; A Recoverable and Reusable Catalyst (2007)

The Sonogashira cross coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes has been carried out in the presence of carbon aerogels doped with metallic palladium nanoparticles. Coupling products have been isolated in excellent yields and the catalyst system can be easily recovered in the presence of air without any particular precautions and reused several times.