gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an ELISA for Detection of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Antibodies using a Recombinant Transmembrane Envelope Protein (1993)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using a recombinant protein corresponding to the N'-terminal hydrophilic region of transmembrane glycoprotein (TM) of ovine lentivirus. This assay reproducibly detected antibodies in sera from 207 of 212 ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus-infected sheep, and the recombinant TM ELISA accurately identified 26% (35 vs. 9) more seropositive samples than did the agar gel immunodiffusion test when applied to 100 sera from an infected flock. This assay also yielded no false-positive results in 14 true negative sera. Results of these experiments were further confirmed by the recombinant TM and recombinant p25 Western blot assay. A single recombinant TM antigen, as the coating antigen in ELISA, can be used successfully for the detection of OPP virus-infected animals and can improve the sensitivity and specificity for OPP diagnosis.
Executing application function calls in response to an interrupt (2023)

Executing application function calls in response to an interrupt including creating a thread; receiving an interrupt having an interrupt type; determining whether a value of a semaphore represents that interrupts are disabled; if the value of the semaphore represents that interrupts are not disabled: calling, by the thread, one or more preconfigured functions in dependence upon the interrupt type of the interrupt; yielding the thread; and if the value of the semaphore represents that interrupts are disabled: setting the value of the semaphore to represent to a kernel that interrupts are hard-disabled; and hard-disabling interrupts at the kernel.
Antibiotika aus Basidiomyceten, XII. Cristatsäure, ein modifiziertes Farnesylphenol aus Fruchtkörpern von Albatrellus cristatus (1981)

Abstract Fruchtkörper von Albatrellus cristatus enthalten in hoher Konzentration Cristatsäure ( 3 ), ein Farnesylphenol, dessen Seitenkette durch Einbau eines Furanringes modifiziert ist. In einer nahe verwandten amerikanischen Albatrellus ‐Art kommt anstelle von 3 Grifolsäure ( 6 ) vor. Die biologische Aktivität von 3 , 6 und verwandten Meroterpenoiden wird untersucht, wobei besonders die cytotoxische Wirkung von Dimethylcristatsäure‐methylester ( 4 ) bemerkenswert ist.
Relationship Between Structural Properties and Electrochemical Characteristics of Monolithic Carbon Xerogel‐Based Electrochemical Double‐Layer Electrodes in Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes (2012)

Abstract The impact of the micropore width, external surface area, and meso‐/macropore size on the charging performance of electrochemical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) electrodes is systematically investigated. Nonactivated carbon xerogels are used as model electrodes in aqueous and organic electrolytes. Monolithic porous model carbons with different structural parameters are prepared using a resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐based sol–gel process and subsequent pyrolysis of the organic precursors. Electrochemical properties are characterized by utilizing them as EDLC half‐cells operated in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. Experimental data derived for organic electrolytes reveals that the respective ions cannot enter the micropores within the skeleton of the meso‐ and macroporous carbons. Therefore the total capacitance is limited by the external surface formed by the interface between the meso‐/macropores and the microporous carbon particles forming the xerogel skeleton. In contrast, for aqueous electrolytes the total capacitance solely depends on the total surface area, including interfaces at the micropore scale. For both types of electrolytes the charging rate of the electrodes is systematically enhanced when increasing the diameter of the carbon xerogel particles from 10 to 75 nm and the meso‐/macropore size from 10 to 121 nm.
Slanted Stixels: Representing San Francisco's Steepest Streets (2017)

In this work we present a novel compact scene representation based on Stixels that infers geometric and semantic information. Our approach overcomes the previous rather restrictive geometric assumptions for Stixels by introducing a novel depth model to account for non-flat roads and slanted objects. Both semantic and depth cues are used jointly to infer the scene representation in a sound global energy minimization formulation. Furthermore, a novel approximation scheme is introduced that uses an extremely efficient over-segmentation. In doing so, the computational complexity of the Stixel inference algorithm is reduced significantly, achieving real-time computation capabilities with only a slight drop in accuracy. We evaluate the proposed approach in terms of semantic and geometric accuracy as well as run-time on four publicly available benchmark datasets. Our approach maintains accuracy on flat road scene datasets while improving substantially on a novel non-flat road dataset.
Optimal FIR subband beamforming for speech enhancement in multipath environments (2003)

The letter provides an analysis of optimal finite-impulse response subband beamforming for speech enhancement in multipath environments. A modification of the direct-path standard Wiener formulation is shown to give nearly optimal performance when it comes to signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio, by including coherent multipath propagation in the criterion.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Measurements Reveal Rapidly Reversible Binding of Ras to Raf (1996)

Raf is a serine/threonine kinase that binds through its amino-terminal regulatory domain to the GTP form of Ras and thereby activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In this study, we have characterized the interaction of the Ras-binding domain of Raf with Ras using equilibrium binding methods (scintillation proximity assay and fluorescence anisotropy), rather than with more widely used nonequilibrium procedures (such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and affinity precipitation). Initial studies using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins with either residues 1-257 or 1-190 of Raf showed that although it was possible to detect Ras binding using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or affinity precipitation, it was substoichiometric; under equilibrium conditions with only a small excess of Raf almost no binding was detected. This difference was probably due to the presence of a high percentage of inactive Raf protein. Further studies used protein containing residues 51-131 of Raf, which expressed in Escherichia coli as a stable glutathione S-transferase fusion. With this protein, binding with Ras could readily be measured under equilibrium conditions. The catalytic domain of neurofibromin inhibited binding of Ras to Raf, and Raf inhibited the binding of Ras to neurofibromin showing that Raf and neurofibromin cannot be bound simultaneously to Ras. The affinities of interaction of neurofibromin and Raf with Harvey-RasLeu-61 were similar. The rate constant for dissociation of Raf from Ras was estimated to be >1 min-1, suggesting that Ras, Raf, and neurofibromin may be in rapid equilibrium in the cell. In contrast to previous reports, under equilibrium conditions there was no evidence for a difference in affinity between the minimal Ras binding domain of Raf (residues 51-131) and a region containing an additional 16 carboxyl-terminal amino acids, suggesting that residues 132-147 do not form a critical binding determinant.
Quantitative analysis of remote gas temperatures and concentrations from their infrared emission spectra (1995)

Techniques for obtaining quantitative values of the temperatures and concentrations of remote hot gaseous effluents from their measured passive emission spectra have been examined in laboratory experiments and on field trials. These emission spectra were obtained using an adapted FTIR spectrometer with 0.25 cm-1 spectral resolution. The CO2 and H2O vapour content in the plume from a 55 m smoke stack and the temperature of these gases were obtained by comparing the measured emission spectra with those modelled using the HITRAN atmospheric transmission database. The spatial distributions of CO2, CO and unburnt CH4 in a laboratory methane flame were reconstructed tomographically using a matrix inversion technique.
High Dynamic Range Imaging at the Quantum Limit with Single Photon Avalanche Diode-Based Image Sensors (2018)

This paper examines methods to best exploit the High Dynamic Range (HDR) of the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in a high fill-factor HDR photon counting pixel that is scalable to megapixel arrays. The proposed method combines multi-exposure HDR with temporal oversampling in-pixel. We present a silicon demonstration IC with 96 × 40 array of 8.25 µm pitch 66% fill-factor SPAD-based pixels achieving >100 dB dynamic range with 3 back-to-back exposures (short, mid, long). Each pixel sums 15 bit-planes or binary field images internally to constitute one frame providing 3.75× data compression, hence the 1k frames per second (FPS) output off-chip represents 45,000 individual field images per second on chip. Two future projections of this work are described: scaling SPAD-based image sensors to HDR 1 MPixel formats and shrinking the pixel pitch to 1-3 µm.
PDX-MI: Minimal Information for Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft Models (2017)

Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mouse models have emerged as an important oncology research platform to study tumor evolution, mechanisms of drug response and resistance, and tailoring chemotherapeutic approaches for individual patients. The lack of robust standards for reporting on PDX models has hampered the ability of researchers to find relevant PDX models and associated data. Here we present the PDX models minimal information standard (PDX-MI) for reporting on the generation, quality assurance, and use of PDX models. PDX-MI defines the minimal information for describing the clinical attributes of a patient's tumor, the processes of implantation and passaging of tumors in a host mouse strain, quality assurance methods, and the use of PDX models in cancer research. Adherence to PDX-MI standards will facilitate accurate search results for oncology models and their associated data across distributed repository databases and promote reproducibility in research studies using these models. <i>Cancer Res; 77(21); e62-66. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Fast direct integral equation-based analysis for acoustic scattering using non-uniform grid accelerated matrix compression (2011)

An approach for the fast direct solution of scattering problems via compression of boundary element method (BEM) matrices is presented. Such an approach is advantageous for large resonant problems where iterative solvers converge poorly, or if the solutions are sought for multiple directions of incidence, so that the computational cost becomes proportional to the number of desired solutions. The compression is achieved by revealing the ranks of interactions between source and observation subdomains via algebraic analysis of the source subdomains' interactions with coarse non-uniform grids (NGs) surrounding the observation subdomains and vice versa. The NG field representation, originally developed for acceleration of iterative solvers [Y. Brick and A. Boag, IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 57, 262–273 (2010)], is used to facilitate the computation of interacting and non-interacting mode sets that serve as a basis for a subsequent transformation of the BEM matrix. Only a highly compressed system linking the interacting modes is solved prior to the solution's extraction for the non-interacting ones. Further compression and acceleration of a multilevel scheme is suggested based on a “layered-localized” field representation via modes sorted according to their radiation, directivity, evanescence, and focusing properties, which are also computed using the NG approach.
Simulation on a Novel Body-Driven Silicon-on-Insulator Metal-Oxide-Silicon Field-Effect-Transistor for Sub-0.1 µm Small Logic Swing Operation (1998)

A body-driven silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-silicon field-effect-transistor (body-driven SOI-MOSFET, BD-MOS) is proposed, and the device characteristics are estimated using a device simulator. This device can remove excess holes within several picoseconds. Additional body contact, which requires additional device area, is not required for removing holes. A small S factor (76 mV/dec.) and a small V th roll-off (Δ V th =15 mV for Δ V d = 0.4 V) were obtained for the channel length of 0.08 µm, without using very thin gate oxide. An enhancement operation and the large drain current required for complementary-MOS(CMOS)-compatible circuits are achieved.
Epigenetic Phosphorylation Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Persistence (2017)

Reversible protein phosphorylation is the most common type of epigenetic posttranslational modification in living cells used as a major regulation mechanism of biological processes. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome encodes for 11 serine/threonine protein kinases that are responsible for sensing environmental signals to coordinate a cellular response to ensure the pathogen's infectivity, survival, and growth. To overcome killing mechanisms generated within the host during infection, M. tuberculosis enters a state of nonreplicating persistence that is characterized by arrested growth, limited metabolic activity, and phenotypic resistance to antimycobacterial drugs. In this article we focus our attention on the role of M. tuberculosis serine/threonine protein kinases in sensing the host environment to coordinate the bacilli's physiology, including growth, cell wall components, and central metabolism, to establish a persistent infection.
Many-to-Many Multilingual Medical Speech Translation on a PDA (2008)

Particularly considering the requirement of high reliability, we argue that the most ap-propriate architecture for a medical speech translator that can be realised using today’s technology combines unidirectional (doctor to patient) translation, medium-vocabulary con-trolled language coverage, interlingua-based translation, an embedded help component, and deployability on a hand-held hardware plat-form. We present an overview of the Open Source MedSLT prototype, which has been developed in accordance with these design principles. The system is implemented on top of the Regulus and Nuance 8.5 platforms, translates patient examination questions for all language pairs in the set {English, French, Japanese, Arabic, Catalan}, using vocabular-ies of about 400 to 1 100 words, and can be run in a distributed client/server environment, where the client application is hosted on a Nokia Internet Tablet device. 1
Medium access control in distributed cognitive radio networks (2011)

Since cognitive radio technology can significantly boost spectrum utilization by exploiting radio spectrum unused by licensed users, it is rapidly gaining popularity and inspiring numerous applications. However, many technical issues still need to be addressed for successful deployment of CR networks, especially in the MAC layer. We focus on CR networks that have distributed architecture because they offer ease of deployment, self-organizing capability, and flexibility in design, and are believed to be more practical for future deployments compared to their centralized counterparts. The MAC protocols for distributed CR networks should consider the key features of these networks such as lack of a central unit to coordinate the communication, dynamic topology, requirements to keep interference to primary users minimal, and variation of spectrum availability with time and location. To clarify the relevant research challenges and issues, we provide a detailed study of the critical design issues and an overview of current state-of-the-art MAC protocols proposed for DCRNs. A classification of existing proposals is provided, and their salient features, advantages, and limitations are discussed. We then introduce and study a novel MAC protocol that addresses some of the research issues better than existing solutions. We also highlight important research challenges that could drive future research in this area.
Glenoid erosion is a risk factor for recurrent instability after Hill-Sachs remplissage (2021)

Patients with subcritical glenoid bone loss (> 10%) and younger age (≤ 23 years) are at risk of failure and reoperation after ABR-HSR. Furthermore, following this procedure, one-third of athletes practicing high-risk sports are unable to return at their pre-instability level, despite having a stable shoulder. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2021;103-B(4):718-724.
Supplemental Figures from PanIN Neuroendocrine Cells Promote Tumorigenesis via Neuronal Cross-talk (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1 (Supports Figures 1 and 3) Co-culture of DRG neurons with cell and organoid lines. Figure S2 (Supports Figure 6) Histopathologic techniques for PanIN quantification and tumor identification. Figure S3 (Supports Figure 4) FACS sorting of PanIN neuroendocrine cells and expansion in organoid culture. Figure S4 (Supports Figure 1) Innervation of wild type pancreas and PanIN-free acinar tissue and axon recruitment by PDAC cell lines. Figure S5 (Supports Figure 2) Mouse and human PanINs contain NK1-R+ cells. Figure S6 (Supports Figure 2) Human duodenal enteroendocrine cells express the NK1-R. Figure S7 (Supports Figure 3) PanIN organoids express CgA and neuronal conditioned media increases PanIN organoid proliferation. Figure S8 (Supports Figure 4) Neuroendocrine cells exert trophic influences in vitro. Figure S9 (Supports Figure 6) Quantifications in control and denervated mice. Figure S10 (Supports Figure 6) Quantification of p-Stat3 in vivo. Figure S11 (Supports Figure 6) Quantification of NK1-R+ cells. Table S1. qPCR primer sequences. Video V1 (Supports Figure 1). Video V2 (Supports Figure 4).&lt;/p&gt;
The Impact of Acquisition Time on Image Quality in Whole-Body 18F-FDG PET/CT for Cancer Staging (2012)

Although image quality is slightly poorer, reducing the acquisition time to 1.5 min per bed position seems to be clinically feasible without decreasing the lesion detection rate even for less experienced observers.
Automated brain tissue segmentation and MS lesion detection using fuzzy and evidential reasoning (2004)

This paper presents a fuzzy and evidential reasoning approach for segmenting main brain tissues: white matter (WM), grey matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as detecting multiple sclerosis lesions (MS) based on multi-modality MR images. The method performs intensity based tissue segmentation using a fuzzy Dempster-Shafer evidential reasoning data fusion scheme while MS lesions are detected by means of a fuzzy inferencing scheme. The approach is fully automated and unsupervised. Experiments have been carried out for segmenting 15 axial slices of multi-modality MR images obtained from the Simulated Brain Database (SBD). The average overall accuracy is 96.77% for segmenting tissues CSF, GM, and WM. The average sensitivity is 84.34%, and the average similarity index is 81.94% in MS detection in terms of ground truth images.
Synthesis, in silico ADME, molecular docking and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of stilbene linked 1,2,3-triazoles (2021)

Series of (<i>E</i>)<i>-</i>1-benzyl-4-((4-styrylphenoxy)methyl)-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazoles <b>7a-x</b> were obtained by Wittig reaction between 4-((1-benzyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)benzaldehydes <b>5a-d</b> and benzyl triphenylphosphonium halides <b>6a-f</b> in benzene. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FTIR, NMR (<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. All synthesized compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines including pancreatic carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, and leukemias such as acute lymphoblastic, chronic myeloid, and non-Hodgkinson lymphoma cell lines. <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxicity data showed that compounds <b>7c</b>, <b>7e</b>, <b>7h</b>, <b>7j</b>, <b>7k</b>, <b>7r</b>, and <b>7w</b> were moderately cytotoxic (11.6-19.3 μM) against the selected cancer cell lines. These cytotoxicity findings were supported using molecular docking studies of the compounds against 1TUB receptor. The drug-likeness properties of the compounds evaluated by <i>in silico</i> ADME analyses. Resveratrol linked 1,2,3-triazoles were more sensitive towards human carcinoma cell lines but least sensitive towards leukemia and lymphoma cell lines.
Competitive interaction of 10-MDP and 4-MET with hydroxyapatite (2016)

Objectives: The functional monomer 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) bonds more strongly to hydroxyapatite (HAp) than 4-MET (Yoshida et al., JDR 2004). Although several adhesives contain both 10-MDP and 4-MET as functional monomers, no data is available if these functional monomers may hinder each other in their chemical interaction with HAp. We hereby aimed to study the competitive interaction of 10-MDP and 4-MET with HAp. Methods: The chemical interaction with HAp of 4 experimental adhesive solutions, containing 15 wt% 4-MET dissolved in 40 wt% H2O with 10-MDP and EtOH, respectively, varying following the weight ratios 0:45 (Exp-1), 5:40 (Exp-2), 10:35 (Exp-3), and 15:30 (Exp-4), and 1 control, containing 15 wt% 10-MDP, 40 wt% H2O, and 45 wt% EtOH (Control), was examined by means of XRD and solid-state NMR (1H MAS NMR, 31P CP-MAS NMR and 13C CPMAS NMR). TEM interfacial characterization at dentin was conducted to confirm the chemical analytic data. Results: XRD revealed nano-layering of 10-MDP-Ca salts for Exp-3 and -4 and Control, but not for Exp-1 and -2. The nano-layering intensity corresponded to the concentration of 10-MDP. 1H NMR disclosed a weak peak at 1.59 ppm for Exp-1, -2 and -3 that can be assigned to 4-MET. For the same experimental adhesive formulations, 13C CP-MAS NMR also disclosed a weak peak at 62.4 ppm that can be assigned to 4-MET. For Exp-3, -4 and -5, strong peaks were detected that represent 10-MDP and 10-MDP-Ca salts. XRD and NMR data of Exp-4 (equal amount of 4-MET and 10-MDP) and Control (no 4-MET) revealed equally intense peaks representing 10-MDP and 10-MDP-Ca salts irrespective of presence of 4-MET or not. TEM observation confirmed the chemical analytic data. Conclusions: This experiment showed that 4-MET can adsorb onto HAp, but 10-MDP’s interaction with HAp is more intensive, even when 4-MET is present as well.
2D Periodic Photonic Nanostructures Integrated in 40 µm Thin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2014)

Two-dimensional (2D) periodic photonic nanostructures are fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and dry plasma (Dry-NIL) etching on 40 μm thick epitaxially-grown crystalline silicon (c-Si) foils, resulting in nanostructures with a parabolic profile. These nanostructures are integrated in a 40 μm thick double side contacted c-Si/aSi:H heterojunction solar cell architecture. The front side is processed when the foil is attached to the parent substrate while the back side is processed when the foil is bonded to the glass carrier. Although the efficiency of the nanopatterned cell was lower compared to the random pyramid textured cells it had a better absorption and spectral response for long wavelengths, highlighting a better light trapping behavior.