gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Our Webinar connection (2020)

In this month’s Editor’s Column, I will focus on the growth of our SNIS Webinar series and its influence on neurointerventional (NI) education and professional development in 2020. COVID-19 has certainly created challenges for our fellows and early career practitioners by reducing case volumes for several months.1 I believe that our SNIS Webinar series has helped lessen this challenge by providing education in an engaging way that can have a very positive influence now and for years to come.

The SNIS Insights webinar series began in May 2018 under the direction of now President-elect Dr Michael Chen, during his tenure as SNIS Education Chair. After succeeding Dr Chen as Education Chair, I continued producing monthly webinars along with a newly formed Education Committee. The webinars continued to be an excellent resource, but the audience was limited with each webinar reaching approximately 100 individuals inclusive of on demand offerings.

On April 2, 2020, we held the historic “SNIS Special Webinar: Neurointerventional Guidance for COVID-19” session which attracted a record 625 live attendees. Perhaps more impressive was that audience engagement kept it going for over 2 hours 15 min. Capitalizing on this new popularity, the Education Committee and Board endorsed increasing the webinar frequency to weekly. Given the popularity of the new medium, the editors of this journal introduced a monthly “JNIS Journal Club” that …
Cellular and structural basis of synthesis of the unique intermediate dehydro-F 420 -0 in mycobacteria (2020)

Abstract F 420 is a low-potential redox cofactor used by diverse bacteria and archaea. In mycobacteria, this cofactor has multiple roles, including adaptation to redox stress, cell wall biosynthesis, and activation of the clinical antitubercular prodrugs pretomanid and delamanid. A recent biochemical study proposed a revised biosynthesis pathway for F 420 in mycobacteria; it was suggested that phosphoenolpyruvate served as a metabolic precursor for this pathway, rather than 2-phospholactate as long proposed, but these findings were subsequently challenged. In this work, we combined metabolomic, genetic, and structural analyses to resolve these discrepancies and determine the basis of F 420 biosynthesis in mycobacterial cells. We show that, in whole cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis , phosphoenolpyruvate rather than 2-phospholactate stimulates F 420 biosynthesis. Analysis of F 420 biosynthesis intermediates present in M. smegmatis cells harboring genetic deletions at each step of the biosynthetic pathway confirmed that phosphoenolpyruvate is then used to produce the novel precursor compound dehydro-F 420 -0. To determine the structural basis of dehydro-F 420 -0 production, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of the enzyme responsible (FbiA) in apo, substrate, and product bound forms. These data show the essential role of a single divalent cation in coordinating the catalytic pre-complex of this enzyme and demonstrate that dehydro-F 420 -0 synthesis occurs through a direct substrate transfer mechanism. Together, these findings resolve the biosynthetic pathway of F 420 in mycobacteria and have significant implications for understanding the emergence of antitubercular prodrug resistance.
Antenna Grouping Based Feedback Compression for FDD-Based Massive MIMO Systems (2015)

Recent works on massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) have shown that a potential breakthrough in capacity gains can be achieved by deploying a very large number of antennas at the base station. In order to achieve the performance that massive MIMO systems promise, accurate transmit-side channel state information (CSI) should be available at the base station. While transmit-side CSI can be obtained by employing channel reciprocity in time division duplexing (TDD) systems, explicit feedback of CSI from the user terminal to the base station is needed for frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems. In this paper, we propose an antenna grouping based feedback reduction technique for FDD-based massive MIMO systems. The proposed algorithm, dubbed antenna group beamforming (AGB), maps multiple correlated antenna elements to a single representative value using predesigned patterns. The proposed method modifies the feedback packet by introducing the concept of a header to select a suitable group pattern and a payload to quantize the reduced dimension channel vector. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves significant feedback overhead reduction over conventional approach performing the vector quantization of whole channel vector under the same target sum rate requirement.
Biologic Concentration Testing in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2015)

Anti-TNF medications have revolutionized the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, despite an initial robust effect, loss of response is common and long-term results are disappointing. Much of this lack of durability may be due to inadequate dose optimization, and recent studies suggest a correlation between serum drug concentrations and clinical outcomes. Currently, in clinical practice, measurement of drug concentrations and antibodies to drug are typically performed only when a patient presents with active inflammatory bowel disease symptoms or during a potential immune-mediated reaction to anti-TNF ("reactive" setting). However, proactive monitoring of anti-TNF concentrations with titration to a therapeutic window (i.e., therapeutic concentration monitoring) represents a new strategy with many potential clinical benefits including prevention of immunogenicity, less need for IFX rescue therapy, and greater durability of IFX treatment. This review will cover the salient features of anti-TNF pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and provide a rational approach for the use of anti-TNF concentration testing in both the reactive and proactive settings.
Chemical Instability of an Interface between Silver and Bi2Se3 Topological Insulator at Room Temperature (2018)

Understanding an interaction at an interface between a topological insulator and a metal is of critical importance when designing electronic and spintronic devices or when such systems are used in catalysis. In this paper, we report on a chemical instability of the interface between Bi2Se3 and Ag studied by X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy. We present strong experimental evidence of a redox solid-state reaction occurring at the interface with kinetics that is significant already at room temperature. The reaction yields Ag2Se, AgBiSe2, and Bi. The unexpected room-temperature chemical instability of the interface should be considered for all future theoretical and applicative studies involving the interface between Bi2Se3 and Ag.
Data from Cooperative Interactions between Androgen Receptor (AR) and Heat-Shock Protein 27 Facilitate AR Transcriptional Activity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Androgen receptor (AR) transactivation is known to enhance prostate cancer cell survival. However, the precise effectors by which the prosurvival effects of androgen and AR drive prostate cancer progression are poorly defined. Here, we identify a novel feed-forward loop involving cooperative interactions between ligand-activated AR and heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) phospho-activation that enhance AR stability, shuttling, and transcriptional activity, thereby increasing prostate cancer cell survival. Androgen-bound AR induces rapid Hsp27 phosphorylation on Ser&lt;sup&gt;78&lt;/sup&gt; and Ser&lt;sup&gt;82&lt;/sup&gt; residues in an AR- and p38 kinase–dependent manner. After this androgen-induced, non-nuclear phospho-activation, Hsp27 displaces Hsp90 from a complex with AR to chaperone AR into the nucleus and interact with its response elements to enhance its genomic activity. Inhibition of Hsp27 phosphorylation, or knockdown using the antisense drug OGX-427, shifted the association of AR with Hsp90 to MDM2, increased proteasome-mediated AR degradation, decreased AR transcriptional activity, and increased prostate cancer LNCaP cell apoptotic rates. OGX-427 treatment of mice bearing LNCaP xenografts transfected with an androgen-regulated, probasin-luciferase reporter construct resulted in decreased bioluminescence and serum PSA levels as pharmacodynamic readouts of AR activity, as well as AR, Hsp27, and Hsp90 protein levels in LNCaP tumor tissue. These data identify novel nongenomic mechanisms involving androgen, AR, and Hsp27 activation that cooperatively interact to regulate the genomic activity of AR and justify further investigation of Hsp27 knockdown as an AR disrupting therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10455–65]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Natural variation and genetic covariance in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (2006)

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is highly variable and heritable among laboratory strains of mice. Adult neurogenesis is also remarkably plastic and can be modulated by environment and activity. Here, we provide a systematic quantitative analysis of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in two large genetic reference panels of recombinant inbred strains (BXD and AXB/BXA, n = 52 strains). We combined data on variation in neurogenesis with a new transcriptome database to extract a set of 190 genes with expression patterns that are also highly variable and that covary with rates of (i) cell proliferation, (ii) cell survival, or the numbers of surviving (iii) new neurons, and (iv) astrocytes. Expression of a subset of these neurogenesis-associated transcripts was controlled in cis across the BXD set. These self-modulating genes are particularly interesting candidates to control neurogenesis. Among these were musashi (Msi1h) and prominin1/CD133 (Prom1), both of which are linked to stem-cell maintenance and division. Twelve neurogenesis-associated transcripts had significant cis-acting quantitative trait loci, and, of these, six had plausible biological association with adult neurogenesis (Prom1, Ssbp2, Kcnq2, Ndufs2, Camk4, and Kcnj9). Only one cis-acting candidate was linked to both neurogenesis and gliogenesis, Rapgef6, a downstream target of ras signaling. The use of genetic reference panels coupled with phenotyping and global transcriptome profiling thus allowed insight into the complexity of the genetic control of adult neurogenesis.
A study to assess whether fixed-width beam walking provides sufficient challenge to assess balance ability across lower limb prosthesis users (2017)

Results suggest that a clinical beam-walking test would require multiple beams to evaluate balance across a range of lower limb prosthesis users, emphasizing the need for adaptive or progressively challenging balance tests. While the administrative burden of a multiple-beam balance test may limit clinical feasibility, alternatives to ease this administrative burden are proposed.
Silicon Atoms as Intermediates in the Nonlinear Photochemistry ofSi(CH3)4–nCln(n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) Compounds (1993)

The resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of Si (CH 3 ) 4–n Cl n compounds (with n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) was measured in the 400–360 nm range. The resonances observed were attributed to a silicon atom formed in the 1 D 2 excited state. This indicates that the first step in the photochemical process is the dissociation of the molecule which is followed by the ionization of the silicon atom.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Tryprostatin A and B as well as Their Enantiomers. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low-loss mode converter for coupling light into slotted photonic crystal waveguide (2015)

We design, fabricate and experimentally demonstrate a highly efficient adiabatic mode converter for coupling light into a silicon slot waveguide with a slot width as large as 320nm. This strip-to-slot mode converter is optimized to provide a measured insertion loss as low as 0.08dB. Our mode converter provides 0.1dB lower loss compared to a conventional V-shape mode converter. This mode converter is used to couple light into and out of a 320nm slot photonic crystal waveguide, and it is experimentally shown to improve the coupling efficiency up to 3.5dB compared to the V-shape mode converter, over the slow-light wavelength region.
Carbon dioxide production during cardiopulmonary bypass: pathophysiology, measure and clinical relevance (2016)

Carbon dioxide production during cardiopulmonary bypass derives from both the aerobic metabolism and the buffering of lactic acid produced by tissues under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, carbon dioxide removal monitoring is an important measure of the adequacy of perfusion and oxygen delivery. However, routine monitoring of carbon dioxide removal is not widely applied. The present article reviews the main physiological and pathophysiological sources of carbon dioxide, the available techniques to assess carbon dioxide production and removal and the clinically relevant applications of carbon dioxide-related variables as markers of the adequacy of perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Physiological Changes in Dehydroepiandrosterone Are Not Reflected by Serum Levels of Active Androgens and Estrogens But of Their Metabolites: Intracrinology (1997)

This study analyzes in detail the serum concentration of the active androgens and estrogens, as well as a series of free and conjugated forms of their precursors and metabolites, after daily application for 2 weeks of 10 mL 20% dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) solution on the skin to avoid first passage through the liver. In men, DHEA administration caused 175%, 90%, 200% and 120% increases in the circulating levels of DHEA and its sulfate (DHEA-S), DHEA-fatty acid esters, and androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol, respectively, with a return to basal values 7 days after cessation of the 14-day treatment. Serum androstenedione increased by approximately 80%, whereas serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) remained unchanged. In parallel with the changes in serum DHEA, the concentrations of the conjugated metabolites of DHT, namely androsterone glucuronide, androstane-3α,17β-diol-G, and androstane-3β,17β-diol-G increased by about 75%, 50%, and 75%, respectively, whereas androsterone-sulfate increased 115%. No consistent change was observed in serum estrone (E1) or estradiol (E2) in men receiving DHEA, whereas serum E1-sulfate and E2-sulfate were slightly and inconsistently increased by about 20%, and serum cortisol and aldosterone concentrations were unaffected by DHEA administration. Almost superimposable results were obtained in women for most steroids except testosterone, which was about 50% increased during DHEA treatment. This increase corresponded to about 0.8 nm testosterone, an effect undetectable in men because they already have much higher (∼15 nm) basal testosterone levels. In women, the serum levels of the conjugated metabolites of DHT, namely androsterone glucuronide, androstane-3α,17β-diol-G, androstane-3β,17β-diol-G, and androsterone-sulfate were increased by 125%, 140%, 120% and 150%, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the serum concentrations of testosterone, DHT, E1, and E2 are poor indicators of total androgenic and estrogenic activity. However, the esterified metabolites of DHT appear as reliable markers of the total androgen pool, because they directly reflect the intracrine formation of androgens in the tissues possessing the steroidogenic enzymes required to transform the inactive precursors DHEA and DHEA-S into DHT. As well demonstrated in women, who synthesize almost all their androgens from DHEA and DHEA-S, supplementation with physiological amounts of exogeneous DHEA permits the biosynthesis of androgens limited to the appropriate target tissues without leakage of significant amounts of active androgens into the circulation. This local or intracrine biosynthesis and action of androgens eliminates the inappropriate exposure of other tissues to androgens and thus minimizes the risks of undesirable masculinizing or other androgen-related side effects of DHEA.
Local selected IP Traffic Offload Reducing traffic congestion within the mobile core network (2013)

Selected Internet Protocol (IP) Traffic Offload (SIPTO) is a feature defined in the 3GPP standards. In this paper we propose a Converged Gateway (CGW) which enables the SIPTO functionality to be performed locally, before data reaches the edge of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. This feature relieves the EPC from high-bandwidth flows that could otherwise cause significant congestion. This local SIPTO functionality within the CGW identifies the IP Flow type, applies a local user policy rule (optionally provisioned from the mobile core network), and then executes the offloading.
1H and 13C NMR Investigation of the Influence of Nonligated Residue Contacts on the Heme Electronic Structure in Cyanometmyoglobin Complexes Reconstituted with Centro- and Pseudocentrosymmetric Hemins (2001)

The 1H and 13C chemical shifts for the heme methyls of low-spin, ferric sperm whale cyanometmyoglobin reconstituted with a variety of centrosymmetric and pseudocentrosymmetric hemins have been recorded and analyzed to shed light on the nature of heme-protein contacts, other than that of the axial His, that modulate the rhombic perturbation to the heme's in-plane electronic asymmetry. The very similar 1H dipolar shifts for heme pocket residues in all complexes yield essentially the same magnetic axes as in wild type, and the resultant dipolar shifts allow the direct determination of the heme methyl proton and 13C contact shifts in all complexes. It is demonstrated that, even when the magnetic axes and anisotropies are known, the intrinsic uncertainties in the orientational parameters lead to a sufficiently large uncertainty in dipolar shift that the methyl proton contact shifts are inherently significantly less reliable indicators of the unpaired electron spin distribution than the methyl 13C contact shifts. The pattern of the noninversion symmetry in 13C contact shifts in the centro- or pseudocentrosymmetric hemes is shown to correlate with the positions of aromatic rings of Phe43(CD1) and His97(FG3) parallel to, and in contact with, the heme. These results indicate that such pi-pi interactions significantly perturb the in-plane asymmetry of the heme pi spin distribution and cannot be ignored in a quantitative interpretation of the heme methyl 13C contact shifts in terms of the axial His orientation in b-type hemoproteins.
Photorefractive dark conductivity in SBN:60:Cr and SBN:60:Ce,Ca (1988)

Previous experiments on photorefractive two-wave mixing and phase conjugation in SBN:60:Ce, Ca and SBN:60:Cr have shown that the two-beam coupling constant Γ increased as the crystals were cooled below room temperature despite the decreasing electrooptic coefficient when the crystal temperature was lowered away from the ferroelectric phase transition at ~70°C. The existing Kukhtarev model only predicts that Γ should decrease with temperature due to the lower electrooptic coefficient as the crystals were cooled away from the phase transition point. This model, however, does not include the dependence of the space-charge electric field on the dark conductivity of the materials. The finite dark conductivity of the material will result in a recombination of the photoionized electrons, which reduces the space-charge field and, therefore, the photorefractive gain. By adding a thermal dark conductivity term σ dark proportional to exp(– A/kT), where A is a constant, to the Kukhtarev rate equation, we derived an expression for the steady-state photorefractive gain and response time as Γ = Γ 0 (1 + σ dark / σ ph ) –1 and τ = τ 0 (1 + σ dark / σ ph ) –1 , where Γ 0 and τ 0 represent the low-temperature limit, and σ ph , the photoconductivity, is a function of total intensity. Using an SBN:60:Cr sample grown at Rockwell International Science Center, we experimentally verified our theoretical predictions.
Supplementary Figure 3 from T-cell Expression of IL10 Is Essential for Tumor Immune Surveillance in the Small Intestine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;APCdelta468 small intestine serial sections were stained for rabbit anti-mouse granzyme B or isotype control (rabbit IgG) and identified using anti-rabbit Alexa-Fluor 594 secondary antibody. Sections were counterstained with DAPI.&lt;/p&gt;
A note on the convergence analysis of LMS adaptive filters with Gaussian data (1988)

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of LMS (least-mean-squares) adaptive filters with Gaussian data have been established by L.L. Horowitz and K.D. Senne (1981), with the recent support of A. Feuer and E. Weinstein (1985). A feature of both of these studies is the necessity to investigate bounds on the roots of rather unwieldy characteristic equations. The authors show how such an investigation can be avoided through the use of a theorem of F. R. Gantmacher (1959). In formally applying this theorem, similar results to those of the above studies are obtained in a precise and straightforward manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nilotinib Effects in Parkinson’s disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies (2016)

This small proof-of-concept study lacks a placebo group and participants were not homogenous, resulting in baseline differences between and within groups. This limits the interpretations of the biomarker and clinical data, and any conclusions should be drawn cautiously. Nonetheless, the collective observations suggest that it is warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Nilotinib in larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Berichtigung: Inducing Social Self‐Sorting in Organic Cages To Tune The Shape of The Internal Cavity (2020)

The authors would like to draw attention to an error in Figure 5 of this Research Article. The top line of Figure 5 does not show the correct cage ([L1+2B1]); rather, [L1+2B1N] has been shown twice. The corrected figure is shown below. This mistake does not affect the scientific conclusions of the paper. Side-, window-, and top-views of the electrostatic potential inside the cavities of the socially sorted [L1+2B1X] cages, mapped onto the 0.0004 a.u. total electron density isosurface calculated at the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ofCuInSe2 (1992)

In x-ray photoemission, we have observed negative shifts of the valence-band maximum with conduction-type conversion from p to n type, induced by a decrease in the [Cu]/[In] ratio of the ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$${\mathrm{In}}_{1\ensuremath{\mp}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ thin films, deposited by a molecular-beam method. We found no evidence of Cu 2p poorly screened peaks, representing Cu ${\mathit{d}}^{9}$ electron configuration in the p-type films. Holes in the p-type films are located at the d-p antibonding orbital, dominated by the Se p state in the crystal. The binding energy of the Cu d state, dominating the d-p bonding orbital, is larger than that of the Se p state.
Accuracy and Interobserver Agreement for Determinations of Rabbit Posterolateral Spinal Fusion (2004)

Both radiographic techniques used in the study recorded high sensitivity and negative predictive value. However, positive predictive value was poor, especially with fine detail radiographs. Nevertheless, CT with reformatted images did appear to be superior to fine detail radiographs in accurately identifying nonunions in this animal model.