gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of a TH1 type cellular immune response to the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus by in vivo DNA inoculation. (1998)

DNA inoculation is capable of producing antigens intracellularly for ultimate presentation to the cellular and humoral components of the immune system and has potential for vaccine strategies against a number of infectious pathogens including HIV-1. It is well documented that the antigenic diversity of HIV-1 and its high level of nucleotide mutations during reverse transcription can lead to escape from immune surveillance. However, data suggest that a CD8-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte response may be less susceptible to escape mutants. We have shown previously that in vivo inoculation of rodents and non-human primates with plasmid expression vectors encoding HIV-1 gene products leads to production of HIV-1 antigens and results in the production of both cellular and humoral immune responses. In addition we have also demonstrated previously that these responses lead to protection in several in vivo models. We further demonstrate here that the cellular response induced is a type TH1 response and specific lysis of HIV-infected targets is CD8-mediated.
Data from Tcl1 Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Is Regulated by <i>miR-29</i> and <i>miR-181</i> (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common human leukemia in the world. Deregulation of the &lt;i&gt;TCL1&lt;/i&gt; oncogene is a causal event in the pathogenesis of the aggressive form of this disease as was verified by using animal models. To study the mechanism of Tcl1 regulation in CLL, we carried out microRNA expression profiling of three types of CLL: indolent CLL, aggressive CLL, and aggressive CLL showing 11q deletion. We identified distinct microRNA signatures corresponding to each group of CLL. We further determined that Tcl1 expression is regulated by &lt;i&gt;miR-29&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;miR-181&lt;/i&gt;, two microRNAs differentially expressed in CLL. Expression levels of &lt;i&gt;miR-29&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;miR-181&lt;/i&gt; generally inversely correlated with Tcl1 expression in the CLL samples we examined. Our results suggest that Tcl1 expression in CLL is, at least in part, regulated by &lt;i&gt;miR-29&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;miR-181&lt;/i&gt; and that these microRNAs may be candidates for therapeutic agents in CLLs overexpressing Tcl1. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11590-3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A reassessment of structure-function relationships in glucagon. Glucagon1-21 is a full agonist. (1978)

Glucagon1-21 has been prepared by treating native glucagon with carboxypeptidase A. Purified glucagon1-21 did not contain detectable methionine (less than 0.001 residue/mol) and the activity of the compound did not change after treatment with cyanogen bromide as has been shown with native glucagon. Glucagon1-21 stimulates hepatic adenylate cyclase activity to the same extent as native glucagon but with 0.1% the potency. Glucagon1-21 also displayed 0.1% the binding affinity of native glucagon to the glucagon receptor in hepatic membranes. Glucagon22-29 alone or in combination with glucagon1-21 did not activate adenylate cyclase or displase 125I-glucagon from its receptor. The finding that glucagon1-21 is a full agonist on adenylate cyclase is discussed in relation to the structure-function relationships required for the biological action of glucagon.
Properties of Persistent Mutual Information and Emergence (2012)

The persistent mutual information (PMI) is a complexity measure for stochastic processes. It is related to well-known complexity measures like excess entropy or statistical complexity. Essentially it is a variation of the excess entropy so that it can be interpreted as a specific measure of system internal memory. The PMI was first introduced in 2010 by Ball, Diakonova and MacKay as a measure for (strong) emergence. In this paper we define the PMI mathematically and investigate the relation to excess entropy and statistical complexity. In particular we prove that the excess entropy is an upper bound of the PMI. Furthermore we show some properties of the PMI and calculate it explicitly for some example processes. We also discuss to what extend it is a measure for emergence and compare it with alternative approaches used to formalize emergence.
Optimization of Sample Preparation for Peptide Sequencing by MALDI-TOF Photofragment Mass Spectrometry (2001)

This paper describes the optimization of sample preparation for MALDI 193-nm photofragment ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry to sequence small to medium-sized peptides from peptide mixtures. We show that matrix additives, such as fructose and phenylbutyric acid have a dramatic effect on the abundance of fragment ions observed in the post-source decay spectra. A dried-droplet MALDI matrix consisting of 1:1 alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid/fructose proves to be an excellent matrix for photodissociation because [M + H]+ ions are formed with low internal energies, and the photofragment ion spectrum contains high abundances of sequence-informative ions. The addition of fructose appears to improve overall sample homogeneity and durability, as compared to conventional alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid dried-droplet preparations. MALDI-TOF photodissociation is then used to selectively sequence the peptides bradykinin (RPPGFSPFR), des-Arg9 bradykinin (RPPGFSPF), and substance P-amide (RPKPQQFFGLM-NH2) from a mixture of five peptides.
Characterization of Antibodies Induced by Vaccination with Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoproteins (2010)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 were used with MF59 adjuvant as a candidate vaccine for a phase 1 safety and immunogenicity trial. Ten of 41 vaccinee serum samples displayed a neutralization titer of > or =1:20 against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-HCV pseudotype, 15 of 36 serum samples tested had a neutralization titer of > or =1:400 against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV pseudotype, and 10 of 36 serum samples tested had a neutralization titer of > or =1:20 against cell culture-grown HCV genotype 1a. Neutralizing serum samples had increased affinity levels and displayed >2-fold higher specific activity levels to well-characterized epitopes on E1/E2, especially to the hypervariable region 1 of E2.
Morphological features of single cells enable accurate automated classification of cancer from non-cancer cell lines (2021)

Accurate cancer detection and diagnosis is of utmost importance for reliable drug-response prediction. Successful cancer characterization relies on both genetic analysis and histological scans from tumor biopsies. It is known that the cytoskeleton is significantly altered in cancer, as cellular structure dynamically remodels to promote proliferation, migration, and metastasis. We exploited these structural differences with supervised feature extraction methods to introduce an algorithm that could distinguish cancer from non-cancer cells presented in high-resolution, single cell images. In this paper, we successfully identified the features with the most discriminatory power to successfully predict cell type with as few as 100 cells per cell line. This trait overcomes a key barrier of machine learning methodologies: insufficient data. Furthermore, normalizing cell shape via microcontact printing on self-assembled monolayers enabled better discrimination of cell lines with difficult-to-distinguish phenotypes. Classification accuracy remained robust as we tested dissimilar cell lines across various tissue origins, which supports the generalizability of our algorithm.
Radiofrequency field enhancement with high dielectric constant (HDC) pads in a receive array coil at 3.0T (2013)

Use of HDC material can enhance SNR and transmission efficiency for clinical imaging of the cervical spine at 3.0T.
CW Operation of the First-Order AlInGaN 405 nm Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes (2006)

The first-order AlInGaN 405 nm distributed feed-back (DFB) laser diodes were grown on the free-standing GaN substrates by a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method. The first-order diffractive grating was formed into an n-type cladding layer. As a result, we succeeded in demonstrating the first-order AlInGaN based 405 nm DFB laser diodes under cw operation. The threshold current and the slope efficiency were 22 mA and 1.44 W/A under cw operation at 25 °C, respectively. The single longitudinal mode emission was maintained up to an output power of 60 mW. The fundamental transverse mode operation with a single longitudinal mode was observed in the temperature range from 15 to 85 °C at an output power of 20 mW.
WDM PON RSOA-based self-tuning transmitters: An insight from the EU FP7 ERMES project (2015)

We present the final results of the EU FP7 ERMES project, which focused on the development of a WDM-PON colourless self-tuning transmitter based on RSOA self-seeding. Measurements obtained with a packaged O-band RSOA in a SFP+ compatible transmitter are reported at 1.25, 2.5 and 10 Gb/s for various drop fibre lengths, up to 6.3 km and 1 km respectively. We successfully demonstrated transmission over more than 20-km SSMF with bit error rates below the FEC limit (3·10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ). The transmission length is limited only by the power budget while the chromatic dispersion has no impact, even at 10 Gb/s. Finally, we give an overview of the BER field trail measures performed with the 18-km fibre loops over the city of Lannion (France). We tested the ERMES transmitter at 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s with various PRBS lengths to prepare GEth and CPRI tests. Field trial results resembled laboratory tests, successfully obtaining transmission over up to 2 fibre loops.
Modeling and analysis of loading effect on leakage of nanoscaled bulk-CMOS logic circuits (2006)

In nanoscale complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices, a significant increase in subthreshold, gate, and reverse-biased junction band-to-band-tunneling (BTBT) leakage results in large leakage power in logic circuits. Leakage components interact with each other at the device level (through device geometry and the doping profile) and at the circuit level (through the node voltages). Due to the circuit-level interaction of the different leakage components, the leakage of a logic gate depends on the circuit topology, i.e., the number and the nature of the other logic gates connected to its input and output. In this paper, the effect of loading on a leakage of a circuit is analyzed for the first time. The authors have also proposed a method to accurately estimate the total leakage in a logic circuit from its logic-level description considering the impact of loading and transistor stacking.
Human Ig production and isotype switching in severe combined immunodeficient-human mice. (1993)

Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were transplanted with different human fetal organs (SCID-hu mice), including thymus, liver, spleen, and omentum, and the serum levels of human IgM, IgG, IgE, and IgA were measured. In all SCID-hu mice significant levels (up to 590 ng/ml) of IgM were detected, irrespective of the organs transplanted. In contrast, IgG was present (up to 530 ng/ml) only when the fetal thymus was transplanted together with the fetal liver, indicating that the presence of human T cell is a prerequisite for in vivo isotypes switching by human B cells in SCID-hu mice. Additional transplantation of fetal spleen did not significantly increase IgG levels. was observed 4 months after transplantation. At that time, analysis by IEF showed that human IgG present in SCID-hu serum was at least oligoclonal. Furthermore, all IgG subclasses were represented in the human IgG pool. Human B cells were undetectable in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow of these SCID-hu mice; in contrast, B cells expressing CD19 could be isolated from the SCID-hu thymus. Considerable proportions of the CD19+ B cells coexpressed CD5, CD7, CD10, CD40, and CD2. These B cells spontaneously produced IgM and IgG in vitro and could be induced to switch to IgE-producing cells when cocultured with cloned activated CD4+ T cells in the presence of IL-4. Collectively, these data demonstrate that functionally mature B cells able to produce IgM and IgG in vivo, and IgE in vitro, are present in the SCID-hu human thymus.
Electron traps and transfer efficiency in cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate scintillators (1999)

Abstract The ratio of thermoluminescence and scintillation light outputs of Ce : Lu2SiO5 (LSO) was measured as a function of gamma-ray dose. Together, they account for only a fraction of the predicted electron—hole pairs. Electron traps saturate rapidly, and their concentration is at least two orders of magnitude less than that of cerium.
Modifications in coordination structure of Mg[TFSA]2-based supporting salts for high-voltage magnesium rechargeable batteries (2019)

To achieve a sustainable-energy society in the future, next-generation highly efficient energy storage technologies, particularly those based on multivalent metal negative electrodes, are urgently required to be developed. Magnesium rechargeable batteries (MRBs) are promising options owing to the many advantageous chemical and electrochemical properties of magnesium. However, the substantially low working voltage of sulfur-based positive electrodes may hinder MRBs in becoming alternatives to current Li-ion batteries. We proposed halide-free noncorrosive ionic liquid-based electrolytes incorporating Mg[TFSA]2 for high-voltage MRB applications. Upon the complexation of Mg[TFSA]2 with tetraglyme (G4) and strict control of the liquid states, the electrolytes achieved excellent anodic stability up to 4.1 V vs. Mg2+/Mg even at 100 °C. The modest electrochemical activities for magnesium deposition/dissolution in the [Mg(G4)][TFSA]2/ionic liquid electrolyte can be improved by certain modifications to the coordination state of [TFSA]-. Dialkyl sulfone was found to be effective in changing the coordination state of [TFSA]- from associated to isolated (free). This coordination change successfully promoted magnesium deposition/dissolution reactions, particularly in the coexistence of ether ligand. By contrast, the coordination of Mg2+ by strongly donating agents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and alkylimidazole led to the complexes inactive electrochemically, suggesting that interaction between Mg2+ and coordination agents predominates the fundamental electrochemical activity. We also demonstrated that an enhancement in the electrochemical activity of electrolytes contributed to improvements in the cycling ability of magnesium batteries with 2.5 V-class MgMn2O4 positive electrodes.
Multiuser MIMO for UTRA FDD (2018)

This chapter focuses on universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) frequency division duplex (FDD) mode, because it is a more widely deployed system than UTRA time division duplex mode. Abstract Link capacity of cellular networks has become an issue with forecasted growing public demand for high data rate services. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques have been received enthusiastically within wireless communications due to their potential to increase link capacities in a spectrally efficient manner. MIMO transceivers have great potential to improve the performance of wireless systems. Compared to wireline systems, the inferior capacity of wireless cellular systems is caused by several different physical constraints like co-channel and adjacent channel interference, channel propagation loss, and flat or multipath fading channels. Conventionally, multiantenna techniques have mainly been considered within base stations, because deploying multiple antennas in the user equipment is not straightforward due to cost, complexity of signal processing, and power consumption.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium and Technetium Based Radiopharmaceuticals: Development and Recent Advances (2014)

Abstract Review: 84 refs.
A Regression-Based Method to Synthesize Complex Arithmetic Computations on Stochastic Streams (2020)

In stochastic computing, values are represented as sequences of random bits and arithmetic computations are computed on the bit streams. Since bit-wise operations are performed on random bit streams, stochastic computing offers low-cost error-tolerant architectures for its hardware implementations. In stochastic computing, complex arithmetic operations can be computed using linear finite state machines (FSMs). However, the synthesis of a linear FSM for a given target function is nontrivial. In this paper, we exploit linear regression and demonstrate a general approach to synthesize linear FSMs for stochastic computations. We show that our approach outperforms traditional numerical synthesis methods in terms of mean-squared error. We also demonstrate that fault-tolerance of FSMs synthesized using linear regression can be improved by injecting noise during the synthesis phase, allowing the synthesized functions to tolerate up to 35% of random bit flips.
WISH-PC2: a unique xenograft model of human prostatic small cell carcinoma. (2000)

Prostatic small cell carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer that usually appears as a progression of the original adenocarcinoma. We describe here the WISH-PC2, a novel neuroendocrine xenograft of small cell carcinoma of the prostate. This xenograft was established from a poorly differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma and is serially transplanted in immune-compromised mice where it grows within the prostate, liver, and bone, inducing osteolytic lesions with foci of osteoblastic activity. It secretes to the mouse Chromogranin A and expresses prostate plasma carcinoma tumor antigen-1, six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate, and members of the Erb-B receptor family. It does not express prostate-specific antigen, prostate stem cell antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and androgen receptor, and it grows independently of androgen. Altogether, WISH-PC2 provides an unlimited source in which to study the involvement of neuroendocrine cells in the progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma and can serve as a novel model for the testing of new therapeutic strategies for prostatic small cell carcinoma.
One-Step Fabrication of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Gene-Activated Porous Poly-L-Lactide Scaffold for Bone Induction (2017)

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is an efficacious inducer for the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Conventional applications of BMP2 have involved either the direct incorporation of BMP2 protein or ex vivo BMP2 gene transfer into stem cells prior to their transplantation. These approaches are able to promote bone formation to some extent; however, they are hampered by either the lack of stability and sustainability of BMP2 protein or the time-consuming and cost-prohibitive in vitro cell culture procedure. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a gene-activated poly-L-lactide acid (PLLA) scaffold with the encapsulation of recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector encoding a full-length cDNA of human BMP2 using an ice-based microparticle porogenization method that was recently developed. Results showed continuous release of AAV particles from the micropores of scaffolds for up to 1 week, subsequently transducing embedded human MSCs and producing functional BMP2. MSCs within scaffolds underwent efficacious osteogenesis, on the basis of osteoinductive gene expression and osteogenic differentiation, which resulted in robust new bone formation in vivo at 4 weeks. These findings show the potential of the technology toward developing clinical applications of a rapid, cost-effective, and potentially point-of-care approach for the repair of bone defects.
Stem cell factor inhibits erythroid differentiation by modulating the activity of G1-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes: a role for p27 in erythroid differentiation coupled G1 arrest. (2000)

Terminal erythroid differentiation is accompanied by decreased expression of c-Kit and decreased proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells. Using a newly established erythroleukemia cell line HB60-5, which proliferates in response to erythropoietin (Epo) and stem cell factor (SCF) and differentiates when stimulated with Epo alone, we characterized several events associated with the cell cycle during erythroid differentiation. Forty-eight h after SCF withdrawal and Epo stimulation, there was strong inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 4 and cdk6 activities, associated with an increase in the binding of p27 and p15 to cdk6. A significant increase in the binding of p27 to cyclin E- and cyclin A-associated cdk2 correlated with the inhibition of these kinases. In addition, the expression of c-Myc and its downstream transcriptional target Cdc25A were found to be down-regulated during Epo-induced terminal differentiation of HB60-5 cells. The loss of Cdc25A was associated with an increase in the phosphotyrosylation of cyclin E-associated cdk2, which may contribute to cell cycle arrest during differentiation. Although overexpression of p27 in HB60-5 cells caused G1 arrest, it did not promote terminal erythroid differentiation. Thus, the cell cycle arrest that involves p27 is part of a broader molecular program during HB60-5 erythroid differentiation. Moreover, we suggest that SCF stimulation of erythroblasts, in addition to inhibiting erythroid differentiation, activates parallel or sequential signals responsible for maintaining cyclin/cdk activity.
Adaptive optics for multiphoton microscopy (2009)

ABSTRACT Specimen-induced aberrations are frequently encountered in high resolution microscopy, particularly when highnumerical aperture lenses are used to image deep into biological specimens. These aberrations distort the focalspot causing a reduction in resolution and, often more importantly, reduced signal level and contrast. This isparticularly problematic in multiphoton microscopy, where the non-linear nature of the signal generation processmeans that the signal level is strongly aected by changes in the focal spot intensity. We have developed anadaptive two-photon uorescence microscope to correct for these aberrations. Unlike a conventional adaptiveoptics system, the microscope does not include a wavefront sensor but uses an ecient sensorless optimisationscheme to obtain optimum aberration correction.Keywords: Adaptive optics, microscopy, multiphoton microscopy. 1. INTRODUCTION Adaptive optics technology has the potential to solve many of the problems of aberrations in microscopy.
Epidural Infusion Pressure in Degenerative Spinal Disease Before and After Epidural Steroid Therapy (2002)

During injection into the epidural space we observed increased resistance in patients with degenerative spinal disease. This resistance was significantly less when measured 3 wk after an epidural steroid injection. This change in pressure may indicate efficacy from epidural steroid injection.
Real-time suppression and amplification of frequency-specific neural activity using stimulation evoked oscillations (2020)

The results from this study support our hypothesis and suggest that the proposed neural control framework allows one to characterize in controlled experiments the functional role of frequency-specific neural oscillations by using electrodes and stimulation waveforms currently being employed in humans.