gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy and radiosensitizers in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. (2007)

Effective treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is complicated by multiple factors, including the diffusely infiltrative nature of the disease, which limits complete surgical resection; the difficulty in overcoming the blood-brain barrier with systemic therapies; and the challenge of identifying novel means of treating the residual hypoxic tumor cells that are relatively resistant to radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. Clear survival advantages have been demonstrated with postresection RT to doses of 5,000-6,000 cGy, but further attempts at dose escalation over 6,000 cGy have resulted in increased toxicity without a survival benefit. In an effort to improve local control of tumor and limit toxicity to normal brain tissue, novel imaging techniques (eg, chemical shift imaging) are being explored in order to better define RT fields. Brachytherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery are effective therapies for relapsed GBM but have undefined roles outside of clinical trials in treating newly diagnosed GBM. Stereotactic RT may have a survival advantage in subgroups that have undergone a gross total resection and have favorable (recursive partitioning analysis class IV) disease. In contrast, experience with hyperfractionated RT in GBM has shown that survival outcomes may actually be unfavorable in certain patient subgroups. Novel means of delivering RT, including radioimmunotherapy, have demonstrated efficacy with acceptable toxicity. Systemic agents are being explored as potential radiosensitizers, with the recent emergence of temozolomide as a model radiosensitizing agent having a positive impact on survival. Ongoing investigations are evaluating temozolomide in combination with other systemic agents, and additional agents (eg, motexafin gadolinium, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors) have shown promising activity in combination with RT.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroboration of Acyclic and Exocyclic 1,1‐Disubstituted Aryl Alkenes. (2011)

Abstract New chiral bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbene—copper complexes (I) promote the enantioselective hydroboration of acyclic alkenes (II)/(V) and exocyclic 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes (VII).
The evidence remains clear: SARS-CoV-2 emerged via the wildlife trade (2022)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A Point-of-care Biosensor with Subwavelength Grating Waveguide-based Micro-ring Resonator for Detection of COVID-19 (2022)

We present an on-chip optical biosensor for the detection of COVID-19. The subwavelength grating waveguide-based micro-ring resonator with high sensitivity and low limit of detection integrates with microfludic channel, which promises clinical utility in point-of-care diagnostic.
Off-Axis Photoacoustic Microscopy (2010)

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a high-contrast, high-resolution imaging modality, used primarily for imaging hemoglobin and melanin. Important applications include mapping of the microvasculature and melanoma tumor margins. We demonstrate a novel PAM design that markedly simplifies the implementation by separating the optical illumination from the acoustic detection path. This modification enables the use of high-quality commercial optics and transducers, and may be readily adapted to commercial light microscopes. The designed PAM system is only sensitive to signals generated in the overlap of the illumination and detection solid angles, providing the additional benefit of quasi-dark-field detection. An off-axis PAM system with a lateral resolution of 26 microm and a modest axial resolution of 410 microm has been assembled and characterized using tissue samples. The axial resolution is readily scaled down to tens of micrometers within the same design, by utilizing commercially available high-frequency acoustic transducers.
Open-label, randomized multicenter phase II clinical trial of a toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) agonist mycobacterium w (Cadi-05) in combination with paclitaxel plus cisplatin versus paclitaxel plus cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2011)

7501 Background: TLR2 agonist, mycobacterium w (Cadi-05), a non-specific immunomodulator and pure Th 1 response enhancer has demonstrated synergistic effects with a number of chemotherapeutic agents. A phase II randomized study was conducted to test the efficacy of the combination of paclitaxel plus cisplatin with or without Cadi-05 as first line treatment of advanced NSCLC. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-one treatment naïve patients (pts) with stage IIIB and IV NSCLC were randomized to receive paclitaxel 175mg/m2 IV 3-hour infusion and cisplatin 100mg/m2 IV with or without Cadi-05 administered intradermally, 0.1 ml on each deltoid on the first visit at least 1 week prior to 1st cycle and then on day 8 and 15 of each cycle of chemotherapy. The cycles were repeated every 3 weeks for a total of 4 cycles. Cadi-05 was administered once a month thereafter until progression or for a maximum of 12 months from the start of treatment in the investigational arm. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival (OS) and the secondary outcome measures were response rate (RR) and progression free survival (PFS). Results: One hundred twelve pts were randomized to the control arm and 109 pts to the Cadi-05 arm. Pt demographics were balanced in both the arms. The RR was 36% in the control arm and 47 Cadi-05 arm. There were three complete responses all in the Cadi-05 arm. Median PFS was 157 days in control arm and was improved by 96 days to 253 days in the Cadi-05 arm [p=0.0446; HR 0.43 (95% CI 0.25-0.73)]. Median OS was 236 days in control arm and was improved by 59 days to 295 days in the Cadi-05 arm [p=0.0034;HR 0.55(95% CI 0.37-0.82)]. There were no significant differences in the adverse events in the control arm vs. the Cadi-05 arm. Conclusions: Addition of Cadi-05 to paclitaxel plus cisplatin in patients with advanced NSCLC is safe and results in both improvement in PFS and OS. The study is supported by Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd and is being presented on behalf of the Cadi-05 investigators study group.
Discovery of the reverse transcriptase. (1995)

1995 is the 20th anniversity of the award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to David Baltimore and Howard Temin for the discovery of the reverse transcriptase. The prize was shared with Renato Dulbecco.
A Novel Frameworkfor a Unified International System ofVolcano Early WarningandHazard Tracking (2009)

While numerous global initiatives exist to address the potential hazards posed by volcanic eruption events and assess impacts from a civil security viewpoint, there is still no single, unified, international system of early warning and hazard tracking for eruptions. Numerous gaps exist in the risk reduction cycle, from data collection, to data processing, and finally dissemination of salient information to relevant parties. As part of the International Space University's Space Studies Program during summer 2008, a detailed gap analysis of the state of volcano disaster risk reduction was undertaken. Using this analysis as a basis, a novel framework to deal with all the identified gaps is proposed as an outcome of this study. This paper presents the principal innovations concerning the data and information processing within this work. The name of the framework was chosen to be VIDA to abbreviate 'Volcanic Activity Processing of Observation and Remote Sensing Data Integrated Data-Sharing and Analysis'. In order to present this framework, it is shown how different high performance computing resources can be orchestrated in order to support fast and efficient tools that would support VIDA in mitigating the risk posed by volcanic eruptions and other natural hazards. Furthermore, how the system could be used by describing different use cases is also presented in this paper.
Crystal structure of tris(NN-diethyldithiocarbamato)iron(IV) pentaiodide (1980)

The crystal structure of the title compound [Fe(S2CNEt2)3][I5], has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 295(1) K, being refined to a residual of 0.049 for 3 328 ‘observed’ reflections. Crystals are triclinic, space group P, a= 17.41(1), b= 10.197(9), c= 10.184(8)Å, α= 74.71(6), β= 73.29(6), γ= 89.19(7)°, and Z= 2. The structure comprises [Fe(S2CNEt2)3]+ cations and I5– anions. Within the cation the symmetry is approximately D3 with six Fe–S distances ranging between 2.292(4) and 2.314(4)Å.
SPD476 Is a Novel, Once-Daily, High-Dose, Effective and Well Tolerated 5ASA Formulation for the Induction of Remission of Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis (2005)

Purpose: Current mesalamine (5ASA) preparations demand inconvenient multiple daily dosing. MATRx1 is a multicenter phase III, prospective, double-blind study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of SDP476, a novel formulation of 5ASA that uses multimatrix (MMx) technology to deliver 5ASA (1.2 g/tablet) to the entire colon. Methods: 280 patients (pts) with acute, mild-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) were randomised to receive placebo, SPD476 2.4 g/d twice-daily (1.2 g BID) or 4.8 g/d once-daily (QD) for 8 weeks. Intention to treat analysis (ITT) was performed for remission (primary endpoint: UC disease activity index [UC-DAI] of ≤1, with a rectal bleeding and stool frequency score of 0 and ≥1-point reduction in sigmoidoscopy score from baseline [BL]) at week 8 (W8) and clinical response (reduction in UC-DAI score of ≥3 points from BL). Results: The percentage of pts achieving remission, clinical improvement, clinical remission and improved sigmoidoscopy score was statistically significantly higher for SPD476 2.4 g/d BID and 4.8g/d QD compared to placebo. 79 pts withdrew from the study (41, 17, and 21, from the placebo, 2.4 g/d BID and 4.8 g/d QD groups). 7 serious AE were reported; 3 placebo, 4 SPD476 (aggravated UC [1], pancreatitis [2], viral gastroenteritis [1]). Only pancreatitis was considered possibly or probably related to study medication. Conclusions: SPD476 2.4 g/d BID or 4.8 g/d QD, using novel MMx technology, is effective and well tolerated for the induction of remission of mild-moderate UC. In comparison with the 2.4 g/d BID group, pts receiving 4.8 g/d QD tended towards better clinical response and sigmoidoscopic improvement. It is perceived that the efficacy and convenience of once daily SPD476 is likely to improve pt adherence and enhance treatment success.Table: No Caption available.
Search for heavy neutral leptons in decays of W bosons produced in 13 TeV pp collisions using prompt and displaced signatures with the ATLAS detector (2019)

A bstract The problems of neutrino masses, matter-antimatter asymmetry, and dark matter could be successfully addressed by postulating right-handed neutrinos with Majorana masses below the electroweak scale. In this work, leptonic decays of W bosons extracted from 32.9 fb − 1 to 36.1 fb − 1 of 13 TeV proton–proton collisions at the LHC are used to search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) that are produced through mixing with muon or electron neutrinos. The search is conducted using the ATLAS detector in both prompt and displaced leptonic decay signatures. The prompt signature requires three leptons produced at the interaction point (either μμe or eeμ ) with a veto on same-flavour opposite-charge topologies. The displaced signature comprises a prompt muon from the W boson decay and the requirement of a dilepton vertex (either μμ or μe ) displaced in the transverse plane by 4–300 mm from the interaction point. The search sets constraints on the HNL mixing to muon and electron neutrinos for HNL masses in the range 4.5–50 GeV.
Entropy Coding Improvement for Low-complexity Compressive Auto-encoders (2023)

End-to-end image and video compression using auto-encoders (AE) offers new appealing perspectives in terms of rate-distortion gains and applications. While most complex models are on par with the latest compression standard like VVC/H.266 on objective metrics, practical implementation and complexity remain strong issues for real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a practical implementation suitable for realistic applications, leading to a low-complexity model. We demonstrate that some gains can be achieved on top of a state-of-the-art low-complexity AE, even when using simpler implementation. Improvements include off-training entropy coding improvement and encoder side Rate Distortion Optimized Quantization. Results show a 19% improvement in BDrate on basic implementation of fully-factorized model, and 15.3% improvement compared to the original implementation. The proposed implementation also allows a direct integration of such approaches on a variety of platforms.
Enolization rates control mono- versus di-fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives (2019)

Fluorine-containing 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives are essential building blocks for drug discovery and manufacture. To understand the factors that determine selectivity between mono- and di-fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl systems, we have performed kinetic studies of keto-enol tautomerism and fluorination processes. Photoketonization of 1,3-diaryl-1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives and their 2-fluoro analogues is coupled with relaxation kinetics to determine enolization rates. Reaction additives such as water accelerate enolization processes, especially of 2-fluoro-1,3-dicarbonyl systems. Kinetic studies of enol fluorination with Selectfluor™ and NFSI reveal the quantitative effects of 2-fluorination upon enol nucleophilicity towards reagents of markedly different electrophilicity. Our findings have important implications for the synthesis of α,α-difluoroketonic compounds, providing valuable quantitative information to aid in the design of fluorination and difluorination reactions.
Inhibitors of biotin biosynthesis as potential herbicides: Part 2 (2005)

Isosteres and analogues of 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) and 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA), the vitamer intermediates involved in the biosynthetic pathway of biotin, possessing chain lengths of eight carbon atoms, were prepared and evaluated as potential herbicides. The most active compounds, 7-amino-octanoic acid hydrochloride and 7-allyloxy-6-oxo-octanoic acid, displayed Arabidopsis GR50 (concentration of the active compound that causes a 50% growth inhibition) values of 5 and 10 mg kg(-1) respectively. The DAPA analog 6,7-diamino-octanoic acid dihydrochloride, when tested in the greenhouse against six weed species, displayed moderate activity against three species, being most active against foxtail millet.
Migration der kontinuierlichen Phase beim Trocknen von Suspensionstropfen in einer Trocknungskammer (2006)

Abstract Ein Halbtropfen wird an einer gekühlten Glasscheibe aufgehängt, so dass durch diese die Umlagerungsprozesse im Inneren des trocknenden Tropfens beobachtet werden können. Diese bisher unbekannte Methode in der Verfahrenstechnik zum Trocknungsverhalten und der damit verbundenen Strukturbildung von Suspensions‐ oder Lösungstropfen erlaubt, die sprühtrocknungsrelevanten Einflussgrößen im kleinen Maßstab zu untersuchen und zu beurteilen.
Grain-size effect on structure and phase transformations for barium titanate (1996)

We report the results of an investigation into the grain-size dependence of lattice structure for barium titanate (${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$) ceramics prepared by a sol-gel method. Raman and infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry were used in combination with electron microscopy to study the evolution of lattice structure and phase transformation behavior with heat treatment and grain growth from the nano scale to the micron scale for ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ polycrystals. Raman spectroscopy and optical second-harmonic-generation measurements indicated the onset of local room-temperature acentric crystal symmetry with heat treatment and crystallite growth, well before the observation of any tetragonal structure by x-ray diffraction. Analysis of the room-temperature Raman spectra for ultrafine grain (grain size 0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}m) polycrystals suggested that a locally orthorhombic structure preceded the globally tetragonal form with grain growth. In support of this observation, differential scanning calorimetry suggested the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transformation shifts up through room temperature with decreasing grain size. Hot-stage transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that fine grain (grain size \ensuremath{\approxeq}0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}m) ceramics, which showed a thermal anomaly associated with the cubic-tetragonal phase transformation, were untwinned at room temperature, as well as on cycling through the normal Curie temperature, suggesting a single-domain state for individual grains. The findings are discussed in light of a number of possible causes, including the presence of processing-related hydroxyl defects and the effect of elastic constraints on phase transformation behavior for ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ grains in a polycrystalline microstructure. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement in Fuchs’ uveitis (2018)

Although monoclonal IgH gene rearrangement is thought to be a reliable biomarker for PVRL, a high percentage of vitreous specimens from our FU patients showed pseudo-positive results. Ophthalmologists must take care regarding possible pseudo-positive findings when performing differential diagnosis between FU and PVRL. Combinations of results of cytological diagnosis, IL-10/IL-6 ratio, kappa/lambda ratio, and IgH gene rearrangement may be necessary for a definitive diagnosis of PVRL and differentiation from FU.
Geometric distortion metrics for point cloud compression (2017)

It is challenging to measure the geometry distortion of point cloud introduced by point cloud compression. Conventionally, the errors between point clouds are measured in terms of point-to-point or point-to-surface distances, that either ignores the surface structures or heavily tends to rely on specific surface reconstructions. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose using point-to-plane distances as a measure of geometric distortions on point cloud compression. The intrinsic resolution of the point clouds is proposed as a normalizer to convert the mean square errors to PSNR numbers. In addition, the perceived local planes are investigated at different scales of the point cloud. Finally, the proposed metric is independent of the size of the point cloud and rather reveals the geometric fidelity of the point cloud. From experiments, we demonstrate that our method could better track the perceived quality than the point-to-point approach while requires limited computations.
Passivation designs for CDMA uplink power control (2004)

This paper develops new classes of CDMA power control designs by exploiting passivity properties of a gradient-type algorithm proposed in the literature. The new control algorithms offer further design-flexibility, which can be exploited for improved performance and robustness. In our first design, we extend the base station algorithm with Zames-Falb multipliers which preserve its passivity properties. In our second design, we broaden the mobile power update laws with more general, dynamic, passive controllers.
Characterizing Failure Strength Friction and Wear in Micromachined Silicon. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
A benchmarking tool for MAV visual pose estimation (2010)

The large collections of datasets for researchers working on the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping problem are mostly collected from sensors such as wheel encoders and laser range finders mounted on ground robots. The recent growing interest in doing visual pose estimation with cameras mounted on micro-aerial vehicles however has made these datasets less useful. In this paper, we describe our work in creating new datasets collected from a sensor suite mounted on a quadrotor platform. Our sensor suite includes a forward looking camera, a downward looking camera, an inertial measurement unit and a Vicon system for groundtruth. We propose the use our datasets as benchmarking tools for future works on visual pose estimation for micro-aerial vehicles. We also show examples of how the datasets could be used for benchmarking visual pose estimation algorithms.
Generation of low-timing-jitter femtosecond pulse trains with 2 GHz repetition rate via external repetition rate multiplication (2008)

Generation of low-timing-jitter 150 fs pulse trains at 1560 nm with 2 GHz repetition rate is demonstrated by locking a 200 MHz fundamental polarization additive-pulse mode-locked erbium fiber laser to high-finesse external Fabry-Perot cavities. The timing jitter and relative intensity noise of the repetition-rate multiplied pulse train are investigated.
One-step fabrication of optical materials by laser ablation of organic liquid (2003)

Summary form only given. Fused silica is an important material for optics and optoelectronics because of its excellent properties of transparency in a wide wavelength range and strong damage resistivity for laser irradiation. But these properties make it difficult to fabricate fused silica. The standard method to fabricate fused silica with a pattern below 100 /spl mu/m is lithography, which is a several-steps process. Although conventional excimer-laser ablation was established as a dry etch method, the fluence of ablation thresholds is too high. For example, 248-nm nanosecond-KrF-laser ablation needs the fluence higher than 20 J/cm/sup 2/. We developed a one-step technique to fabricate a well-defined micro-sized pattern of lines and spaces in fused silica, using laser induced backside wet etching.
<title>Histochemical analysis of human coronary artery using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy</title> (1995)

We are developing a method to quantitatively analyze the biochemical composition of human coronary artery in situ using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. Samples of normal artery (intima/media and adventitia) and noncalcified and calcified plaque from coronary arteries, obtained from explanted recipient hearts during heart transplantation, were illuminated with 830 nm excitation light from a CW Ti:sapphire laser. Raman spectra were collected in seconds using a spectrograph and a cooled, deep-depletion CCD detector, and calibration and background corrections were made. Artery samples in different stages of atherosclerosis exhibited distinct spectral features, providing clear histochemical indicators for characterizing the type and extent of the lesion. Spectra were analyzed by means of a Raman biochemical assay model to determine the relative weight fractions of cholesterols, triacylglycerol, proteins and calcium minerals. Such information, when obtained clinically, promises to be useful in diagnosing and studying human atherosclerosis, its progression and response to drug therapy.