gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table S1 from A very long-acting exatecan and its synergism with DNA damage response inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In vitro t1/2 values for cleavage of PEG-Exa (3A).&lt;/p&gt;
Controversies in acute kidney injury: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Conference (2020)

In 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) published a guideline on the classification and management of acute kidney injury (AKI). The guideline was derived from evidence available through February 2011. Since then, new evidence has emerged that has important implications for clinical practice in diagnosing and managing AKI. In April of 2019, KDIGO held a controversies conference entitled Acute Kidney Injury with the following goals: determine best practices and areas of uncertainty in treating AKI; review key relevant literature published since the 2012 KDIGO AKI guideline; address ongoing controversial issues; identify new topics or issues to be revisited for the next iteration of the KDIGO AKI guideline; and outline research needed to improve AKI management. Here, we present the findings of this conference and describe key areas that future guidelines may address.
Mixed Modulation Method of PWM Inverter by Considering Acceleration Torque and Voltage Saturation for Speed Servo System (2009)

The speed servo system of an AC motor should always have a rapid and smooth response without current ripple. For this purpose, this paper proposes a new mixed modulation method of the PWM inverter by considering acceleration torque and voltage saturation. The rapid and robust speed servo system often has the high gain speed controller and the high gain current controller. In this case, this speed servo system often has the voltage saturation in the transient state. This paper discusses the amplitude and THD of output voltage on the condition of voltage saturation for each voltage modulation method of three phase inverter such as the carrier comparison inverter using the two phase modulation (2ph. M) and the space voltage vector modulation (SVM) inverter. The carrier comparison inverter using the 2ph. M has the large voltage with large harmonic current. The SVM inverter has the smooth voltage response with small harmonic current. The proposed method switches over the SVM and the 2ph. M methods properly by considering acceleration torque and voltage saturation. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed mixed modulation method of the PWM inverter.
Effects of cell culture time and bone matrix exposure on calmodulin content and ATP dependent cell membrane acid transport in avian osteoclasts and macrophages (1996)

Osteoclasts mediate bone resorption by secretion at the site of bone attachment. This process depends on calmodulin concentrated at a specialized acid-secreting membrane. We hypothesized that increased calmodulin and bone attachment were required for acid secretion. We tested this by studying calmodulin, bone attachment, and membrane acid transport in osteoclasts and their precursor mononuclear cells. Osteoclasts and macrophages were isolated from medullary bone of hens; cell fractions were prepared after culturing cells with or without bone. Calmodulin was visualized by Western analysis; calmodulin mRNA was determined by Northern hybridization, and ATP-dependent membrane acid transport was assayed by acridine orange uptake. Calmodulin decreased in osteoclasts cultured without bone. Calmodulin in isolated macrophages was ∼︁25% of osteoclast levels, but increased several fold by 5 days. Bone had no effect. Calmodulin mRNA was similar in osteoclasts with or without bone. However, only osteoclasts cultured with bone retained acid transport capacity. Macrophage calmodulin mRNA was not affected by bone, but increased three fold by day 5, paralleling protein production. Macrophages developed acid transport capacity at 3–5 days, but at lower levels than osteoclasts, and bone had no measurable effect. Chicken cells express 1.6 kb and inducible 1.9 kb calmodulin transcripts; in macrophages and osteoclasts, the 1.9 kb transcript predominated. We conclude that, following isolation, calmodulin levels decline in osteoclasts via a post-transcriptional mechanism. In cultured macrophages, by contrast, calmodulin mRNA, protein, and acid secretion increase with time independently of bone substrate, possibly reflecting differentiation in vitro. Increased calmodulin correlated with membrane acid transport capacity in both cell types. The macrophage findings indicate that stimuli other than bone influence acid transport capacity in this family of cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sporadic Ultra-Time-Critical Crowd Messaging in V2X (2020)

Life-critical warning message, abbreviated as warning message, is a special event-driven message that carries emergency warning information in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). Three important characteristics that distinguish warning messages from ordinary vehicular messages are sporadicity, crowding, and ultra-time-criticality. In other words, warning messages come only once in a while in a sporadic manner; however, when they come, they tend to come as a crowd and they need to be delivered in short order. This paper puts forth a medium-access control (MAC) protocol for warning messages. To circumvent potential inefficiency arising from sporadicity, we propose an override network architecture whereby warning messages are delivered on the spectrum of the ordinary vehicular messages. Specifically, a vehicle with a warning message first sends an interrupt signal to pre-empt the transmission of ordinary messages, so that the warning message can use the wireless spectrum originally allocated to ordinary messages. In this way, no exclusive spectrum resources need to be pre-allocated to the sporadic warning messages. To meet the crowding and ultra-time-criticality aspects, we use advanced channel access techniques to ensure highly reliable delivery of warning messages within an ultra-short time in the order of 10 ms. In short, the overall MAC protocol operates by means of interrupt-and-access.
Entropy Changes Due to Structural Transformation in the Graphite Anode and Phase Change of the LiCoO[sub 2] Cathode (2000)

Electrochemical‐calorimetric measurements, in combination with the dc current interruption technique, were used to determine the change of entropy during discharge and charge of the Panasonic Li‐ion cell CGR 18650H. The entropy coefficient was found to vary from in the discharged state to in the fully charged state. An unexpected variation of large amplitude (from −0.1 to 0.25 and −0.75 back to ) was observed in a narrow range of depth of discharge (DOD) near 0.23, between 3.95 and 4.10 V, curing charge as well as discharge. Thus, changes in the reversible heat,TΔS, appear to be mainly responsible for the transient endothermic heat effect observed during discharge of these Li‐ion cells, near DOD 0.23, between 4.035 and 3.975 V. This interpretation of the calorimetric measurements is confirmed by the fact that measured at 4.0 V was positive . The unexpected strong variation of near DOD 0.23 is due to the nearly simultaneous occurrence of a phase change in the cathode and a structural transformation (quasi‐phase change) in the graphite anode. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Estimation Method of the Homodyned K-Distribution Based on the Mean Intensity and Two Log-Moments (2013)

The homodyned K-distribution appears naturally in the context of random walks and provides a useful model for the distribution of the received intensity in a wide range of non-Gaussian scattering configurations, including medical ultrasonics. An estimation method for the homodyned K-distribution based on the first moment of the intensity and two log-moments (XU method), namely the <i>X</i> and <i>U</i>-statistics previously studied in the special case of the K-distribution, is proposed as an alternative to a method based on the first three moments of the intensity (MI method) or the amplitude (MA method), and a method based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the skewness and the kurtosis of two fractional orders of the amplitude (labeled RSK method). Properties of the <i>X</i> and <i>U</i> statistics for the homodyned K-distribution are proved, except for one conjecture. Using those properties, an algorithm based on the bisection method for monotonous functions was developed. The algorithm has a geometric rate of convergence. Various tests were performed to study the behavior of the estimators. It was shown with simulated data samples that the estimations of the parameters 1/<i>α</i> and 1/(<i>κ</i> + 1) of the homodyned K-distribution are preferable to the direct estimations of the clustering parameter <i>α</i> and the structure parameter <i>κ</i> (with respective relative root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of 0.63 and 0.13 as opposed to 1.04 and 4.37, when <i>N</i> = 1000). Tests on simulated ultrasound images with only diffuse scatterers (up to 10 per resolution cell) indicated that the XU estimator is overall more reliable than the other three estimators for the estimation of 1/<i>α</i>, with relative RMSEs of 0.79 (MI), 0.61 (MA), 0.53 (XU) and 0.67 (RSK). For the parameter 1/(<i>κ</i> + 1), the relative RMSEs were equal to 0.074 (MI), 0.075 (MA), 0.069 (XU) and 0.100 (RSK). In the case of a large number of scatterers (11 to 20 per resolution cell), the relative RMSEs of 1/<i>α</i> were equal to 1.43 (MI), 1.27 (MA), 1.25 (XU) and 1.33 (RSK), and the relative RMSEs of 1/(<i>κ</i> + 1) were equal to 0.14 (MI), 0.16 (MA), 0.17 (XU) and 0.20 (RSK). The four methods were also tested on simulated ultrasound images with a variable density of periodic scatterers to test images with a coherent component. The addition of noise on ultrasound images was also studied. Results showed that the XU estimator was overall better than the three other ones. Finally, on the simulated ultrasound images, the average computation times per image were equal to 6.0 ms (MI), 8.0 ms (MA), 6.8 ms (XU) and 500 ms (RSK). Thus, a fast, reliable, and novel algorithm for the estimation of the homodyned K-distribution was proposed.
Improving Accessibility of Transaction-centric Web Objects (2010)

Advances in web technology have considerably widened the Web accessibility divide between sighted and blind users. This divide is especially acute when conducting online transactions, e.g., shopping, paying bills, making travel plans, etc. Such transactions span multiple web pages and require that users find clickable objects (e.g., “add-to-cart” button) which are essential for transaction progress. While this is fast and straightforward for sighted users, locating the clickable objects causes considerable strain for blind individuals using screen-reading technology. Screen readers force users to listen to irrelevant information sequentially and provide no interface for identifying relevant clickable objects. This paper addresses the problem of making clickable objects readily accessible, which can substantially reduce the information overload that is otherwise experienced by blind users. A static knowledge base of keywords constructed from the captions of clickable objects does not provide enough learning capability for identifying clickable objects which do not have any captions (e.g., image buttons without alternative text). In this paper, we present an Information Retrieval based technique that uses the context of transaction-centric objects (e.g., “add-to-cart” and “checkout” buttons) to identify and classify them even when their captions are missing. In addition, the technique utilizes a reinforcement mechanism based on user feedback to accommodate previously unseen captions of objects as well as new categories of objects. We provide user study and experimental evidence of the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Guanosine Derivatives as Immunostimulants. Discovery of Loxoribine (1994)

Abstract 7-Allyl-8-oxoguanosine (loxoribine, 5) was selected from a series of guanosine derivatives for further evaluation as an immunostimulant. Numerous related analogs were also synthesized and evaluated: 2′,3′-ketals of 5 are particularly interesting because they are active, apparently without being cleaved to the free nucleoside.
IL-21 Is a Double-Edged Sword in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–like Disease of BXSB. Yaa Mice (2013)

The pleiotropic cytokine IL-21 is implicated in the pathogenesis of human systemic lupus erythematosus by polymorphisms in the molecule and its receptor (IL-21R). The systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune disease of BXSB.Yaa mice is critically dependent on IL-21 signaling, providing a model for understanding IL-21/IL-21R signaling in lupus pathogenesis. In this study, we generated BXSB.Yaa mice selectively deficient in IL-21R on B cells, on all T cells, or on CD8(+) T cells alone and examined the effects on disease. We found that IL-21 signaling to B cells is essential for the development of all classical disease manifestations, but that IL-21 signaling also supports the expansion of central memory, CD8(+) suppressor cells and broadly represses the cytokine activity of CD4(+) T cells. These results indicate that IL-21 has both disease-promoting and disease-suppressive effects in the autoimmune disease of BXSB.Yaa mice.
Formation of the Porous Polyaniline Structures (2008)

The conductivity of polyaniline can be controlled depending on the doping mechanism. Porosity of polyaniline seems to be one of the important factors of solid state doping, and depends on several synthesis process parameters as well as subsequent refining steps. Results of studies on polyaniline refinement with common solvents: methanol, chloroform, DMF and THF are presented. The effect of solvent type used for extraction on the polyaniline porosity is discussed.
Fouling and accuracy drift of water meters (2002)

In 1997, the Amsterdam City Council decided that water meters should be installed in every house connection. With this decision Amsterdam Water Supply (AWS) was faced with the challenge to install approximately 475,000 water meters and adapt its organisation to fulfil all customer services. Among the technical challenges was the selection of the type of meter to be used. Since AWS had only limited experience with water meters, a selection study was conducted. The main focus of this study was to estimate the life time, robustness, and accuracy drift of meters with different measuring principles. Several tests were conducted to estimate the meter's lifetime, but also fouling layers in the meter house and mechanism were examined. From the research it was concluded that meters based on a volumetric measurement were most accurate, and showed less susceptibility to fouling. Estimated lifetime of these meters was 10-12 years.
Solid-Phase Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Joro Spider Toxin-4 from Nephila clavata (2010)

Polyamine toxins from orb weaver spiders are attractive pharmacological tools particularly for studies of ionotropic glutamate (iGlu) receptors in the brain. These polyamine toxins are biosynthesized in a combinatorial manner, providing a plethora of related, but structurally complex toxins to be exploited in biological studies. Here, we have used solid-phase synthetic methodology for the efficient synthesis of Joro spider toxin-4 (JSTX-4) (1) from Nephila clavata, providing sufficient amounts of the toxin for biological evaluation at iGlu receptor subtypes using electrophysiology. Biological evaluation revealed that JSTX-4 inhibits iGlu receptors only in high μM concentrations, thereby being substantially less potent than structurally related polyamine toxins.
9-Cobalt(II)-Containing 27-Tungsto-3-germanate(IV): Synthesis, Structure, Computational Modeling, and Heterogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysis (2019)

The 9-cobalt(II)-containing trimeric, cyclic polyanion [Co<sub>9</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(<i>B-α-</i>GeW<sub>9</sub>O<sub>34</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>21-</sup> (<b>1</b>) was synthesized in an aqueous phosphate solution at pH 8 and isolated as a hydrated mixed sodium-cesium salt. Polyanion <b>1</b> was structurally and compositionally characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. The magnetic and electrochemical properties of <b>1</b> were also studied and compared with those of its phosphorus analogue, [Co<sub>9</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>(HPO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(<i>B-α-</i>PW<sub>9</sub>O<sub>34</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>16-</sup> (<b>Co</b><sub><b>9</b></sub><b>-P</b>). The electrochemical water oxidation activity of the cesium salt of <b>1</b> under heterogeneous conditions was also studied and shown to be superior to that of <b>Co</b><sub><b>9</b></sub><b>-P</b>. The experimental results were supported by computational studies.
Development of a method for testing very high-efficiency membrane filters for ultrafine aerosol particles. (1990)

A method for testing membrane gas filters having very high collection efficiency has been developed. These filters have high pressure drop together with their high collection efficiency. As a test aerosol, NaCl and ZnCl2 particles generated by an evaporation-condensation type aerosol generator were used. They had a geometric standard deviation ranging from 1.1 to 1.4. These aerosols were supplied into pressurized clean air (about 3 × 104 Pa gauge) by use of an ejector to overcome the pressure of the filter. Because of extremely low aerosol concentrations at the filter outlet, a high-flow rate CNC (condensation nucleus counter: 1 to 2 l/mm) which can detect aerosols of very low concentration was used. Measurement of the filter performance showed that the penetration by particles depended upon the structure of the membrane, but not upon pressure drop. As an example, a penetration of about 2 × 10–10 for 0.02 μm diameter particles at a pressure drop of 3.1 × 104 Pa gauge and a filtering velocity of 0.68 m/s has been observed.
Discrete Choice, Permutations, and Reconstruction (2018)

In this paper we study the well-known family of Random Utility Models, developed over 50 years ago to codify rational user behavior in choosing one item from a finite set of options. In this setting each user draws i.i.d. from some distribution a utility function mapping each item in the universe to a real-valued utility. The user is then offered a subset of the items, and selects the one of maximum utility. A Max-Dist oracle for this choice model takes any subset of items and returns the probability (over the distribution of utility functions) that each will be selected. A discrete choice algorithm, given access to a Max-Dist oracle, must return a function that approximates the oracle. We show three primary results. First, we show that any algorithm exactly reproducing the oracle must make exponentially many queries. Second, we show an equivalent representation of the distribution over utility functions, based on permutations, and show that if this distribution has support size k, then it is possible to approximate the oracle using O(nk) queries. Finally, we consider settings in which the subset of items is always small. We give an algorithm that makes less than n(1–∊/2)K queries, each to sets of size at most (1–∊/2)K, in order to approximate the Max-Dist oracle on every set of size |T| ≤ K with statistical error at most ∊. In contrast, we show that any algorithm that queries for subsets of size must make maximal statistical error on some large sets.
ABT-126 monotherapy in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s dementia: randomized double-blind, placebo and active controlled adaptive trial and open-label extension (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01527916 , Registered 3 February 2012 (randomized trial). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01676935 . Registered 29 August 2012 (open-label extension study).
Optimization of Electrodeposit Uniformity by the Use of Auxiliary Electrodes (1990)

A numerical model is used to examine how the uniformity of current distribution at a flat electrode can be improved using a coplanar auxiliary electrode. A boundary‐element code, based on potential theory and Tafel kinetics, determines the current that must be passed at a surrounding auxiliary electrode to minimize nonuniformity on a round cathode. Non‐uniformity is quantified by the root‐mean‐square deviation from the mean current density over the cathode surface. The importance of geometric factors such as the size and position of the auxiliary electrode is examined. Applications to plating in the electronics industry and to rotating‐disk electrodes are discussed.
P2765Efficacy of venous recanalization by noninvasive pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy on swine model of acute deep venous thrombosis (2019)

Abstract Background Post thrombotic syndrome is a frequent complication of deep venous thrombosis and is associated with high morbidity and hospitalization. Treatments currently available are invasive, involve use of endovenous procedures with stents and balloons, and frequently require general anesthesia. Pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy (PCUT) emerged recently as a new technique to destroy remotely soft tissue. We recently demonstrated that PCUT was able to recanalize non-invasively in in vitro model of acute venous thrombosis (human blood clot). Purpose We aim to test the safety and efficacy of venous recanalization by noninvasive PCUT in vivo swine model of acute venous thrombosis. Methods All the experiments were performed on White large X Landrace swine. We induced an acute femoral deep venous thrombosis by using occlusive balloons introduced from jugular and popliteal vein combined with local injection of 50 IU of human thrombin. A 3 cm length occlusive thrombosis was obtained after 2 hours. Swines were divided in three groups: one with PCUT without follow-up (n=11), one with PCUT and follow-up at 14 days (n=8), and a control group also followed for 14 days (n=5). Acutely and during the follow up all swines received curative anticoagulation. To achieve PCUT, a 2.25 MHz transducer centered by a linear probe was used and cavitation was obtained in the center of the vein (Figure). After manual determination of thrombus location, a robotic arm was used to automatically move the transducer along the thrombus. Effectiveness of recanalization was evaluated by echo-Doppler and phlebography. Safety was assessed by Doppler ultrasound of the insonified area (artery, veins and surrounding tissue) and by histological analysis (local femoral vein and artery and lungs for pulmonary embolism). Results Among the 24 swines, we obtained 22 occlusive venous thromboses and 2 partial. The median length of the thrombus was 26±4.4 mm with vein diameter of 8.5±1.6 mm. Acutely, thrombosis recanalization was systematically obtained among the 19 swine with PCUT with median treatment duration of 33 minutes with residual diameter of 2.9±0.9 mm. No extravasation of contrast material or hematoma was observed after the therapy. After a 14-day follow-up, 75% of recanalisation remain permeable vs. 0% of vein permeable in the no therapy group (p=0.008). Residual diameter was 2.6±1.2 mm, which correspond to 50% of the venous diameter. No vein or artery damage and no embolism or pulmonary infarction was observed in all pigs. Figure 1 Conclusion We have demonstrated in vivo the safety and the efficacy of PCUT for non-invasive venous recanalization, persistent after 2 weeks. Acknowledgement/Funding French society of cardiology
Inducing and Probing Localized Excitons in Atomically Thin Semiconductors via Tip‐Enhanced Cavity‐Spectroscopy (Adv. Funct. Mater. 33/2021) (2021)

Atomically Thin Semiconductors In article number 2102893, Junsuk Rho, Kyoung-Duck Park, and co-workers develop a triple-sharp-tips nano-antenna to facilitate radiative emissions of the localized states in 2D semiconductors. The localized exciton is deterministically induced and probed at room temperature through this novel concept of tip-enhanced cavity-spectroscopy. This new approach provides a practical way to control single-photon generation at room temperature, which is the centerpiece of quantum optical communications.