gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of p- and n-Type Field-Effect Transistors Using Poly( p-phenylenevinylene) via Water-Soluble Precursor under High-Gravity Condition (2007)

Poly( p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) thin films were prepared from a water-soluble precursor polymer by drop casting under a high-gravity condition on a doped silicon substrate with octadecyltrichlorosilane-treated SiO2 insulating layer. Dewetting of a polymer solution from a hydrophobic substrate was effectively prevented by preparing PPV thin films under a high-gravity condition, and high-quality PPV thin films were obtained. By choosing the appropriate source–drain metal electrodes, Au source–drain electrodes with inserted V2O5 buffer layer and Ca source–drain electrodes, p- and n-type PPV field-effect transistors with top contact geometries were fabricated. The field-effect hole and electron mobility estimated from the saturation region were 3.2×10-4 and 1.0×10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively.
Reliability of SiC Power Devices Against Cosmic Radiation-Induced Failure (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Milk osteopontin retains integrin-binding activity after in vitro gastrointestinal transit (2019)

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein highly expressed in milk, where it is hypothesized to be involved in immunological signaling via the conserved Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) integrin-binding sequence. Intervention studies have indicated beneficial effects of orally administered OPN in animal and human infants, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well described. To induce physiological effects, OPN must resist gastrointestinal transit in a bioactive form. In this study, we subjected bovine milk OPN to in vitro gastrointestinal transit, and characterized the generated fragments using monoclonal antibody and mass spectrometric analyses. We found that the fragment Trp<sup>27</sup>-Phe<sup>151</sup> containing the integrin-binding RGD sequence resisted in vitro gastric digestion. This resistance was dependent on glycosylation of threonine residues near the integrin-binding sequence in both human and bovine milk OPN. Furthermore, the fragment Trp<sup>27</sup>-Phe<sup>151</sup> retained the ability to interact with integrins in an RGD-dependent process. These results suggest a mechanism for how ingested milk OPN can induce physiological effects via integrin signaling in the intestine.
p27Kip1 Mediates Addiction of Ovarian Cancer Cells to MYCC (c-MYC) and Their Dependence on MYC Paralogs (2010)

The MYCC (c-MYC) gene is amplified in 30-60% of human ovarian cancers. We assessed the functional significance of MYCC amplification by siRNA inhibition of MYCC or MYC paralogs in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines expressing varying levels of MYCC. Inactivation of MYCC inhibited cell proliferation and induced replicative senescence only in lines with amplified MYCC, indicating that these cells are addicted to continued MYCC overexpression. In contrast, siRNA knockdown of all three MYC isoforms inhibited proliferation of MYCC non-amplified ovarian cancer cells without inducing replicative senescence, and did not inhibit the proliferation of telomerase-immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells. The arrest induced by MYCC knockdown was accompanied by an increase in the level of the Cdk inhibitor p27(Kip1) and a decrease in cyclin A expression and Cdk2 activity, and could be reversed by RNAi knockdown of p27(Kip1) or Rb, or by overexpression of cyclin A/Cdk2. The arrest induced by knockdown of all three MYC isoforms could similarly be reversed by p27(Kip1) knockdown. Our findings indicate that the addiction of MYCC-amplified ovarian cancer cells to MYCC differs from the dependence of MYCC non-amplified cancer cells on MYC paralogs, but both are mediated, at least in part, by p27(Kip1). They also suggest that growth of ovarian cancers may be blocked by inhibition of MYCC or MYC paralogs.
IntFlow (2014)

Integer overflow and underflow, signedness conversion, and other types of arithmetic errors in C/C++ programs are among the most common software flaws that result in exploitable vulnerabilities. Despite significant advances in automating the detection of arithmetic errors, existing tools have not seen widespread adoption mainly due to their increased number of false positives. Developers rely on wrap-around counters, bit shifts, and other language constructs for performance optimizations and code compactness, but those same constructs, along with incorrect assumptions and conditions of undefined behavior, are often the main cause of severe vulnerabilities. Accurate differentiation between legitimate and erroneous uses of arithmetic language intricacies thus remains an open problem.
Endophilin-B regulates autophagy during synapse development and neurodegeneration (2021)

Synapses are critical for neuronal communication and brain function. To maintain neuronal homeostasis, synapses rely on autophagy. Autophagic alterations cause neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction is a feature in neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease (PD), where the loss of synapses precedes dopaminergic neuron loss, various PD-causative proteins are involved in the regulation of autophagy. So far only a few factors regulating autophagy at the synapse have been identified and the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy at the synapse is only partially understood. Here, we describe Endophilin-B (EndoB) as a novel player in the regulation of synaptic autophagy in health and disease. We demonstrate that EndoB is required for autophagosome biogenesis at the synapse, whereas the loss of EndoB blocks the autophagy induction promoted by the PD mutation LRRK2<sup>G2019S</sup>. We show that EndoB is required to prevent neuronal loss. Moreover, loss of EndoB in the Drosophila visual system leads to an increase in synaptic contacts between photoreceptor terminals and their post-synaptic synapses. These data confirm the role of autophagy in synaptic contact formation and neuronal survival.
Optical Technologies for Endoscopic Real-Time Histologic Assessment of Colorectal Polyps: A Meta-Analysis (2019)

This novel approach to meta-analysis demonstrates that existing optical technologies are increasingly unlikely to allow safe "resect and discard" strategies and that step-change innovation may be required. A "diagnose and leave" strategy may be supported for diminutive recto-sigmoid polyps diagnosed with high confidence; however, limitations exist in the evidence base for this cohort.
Data from Cellular Targets of Gefitinib (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Targeted inhibition of protein kinases with small molecule drugs has evolved into a viable approach for anticancer therapy. However, the true selectivity of these therapeutic agents has remained unclear. Here, we used a proteomic method to profile the cellular targets of the clinical epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor gefitinib. Our data suggest alternative cellular modes of action for gefitinib and provide rationales for the development of related drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Complexity Links Between Matrix Multiplication, Klee's Measure and Call Access Control for Satellite Constellations (2001)

We study the complexity of computing the maximum load of weighted rectangles (the load on a point is defined as the sum of the weights of intersecting rectangles on this point). We relate the complexity of the dynamic version of this problem (in which we want to perform insert/delete operations on the rectangles) to the complexity of the matrix multiplication problem in the \maxplus\ algebra. In particular, we show that a significant improvemen- t on the existing solutions for the first one (within $O(n^\theta/2$) per insertion/extraction with $\theta<1$) implies an improvement on the complexity of the latter one (to $O(N^2+\theta)$). Furthermore, this connectio- n makes possible to state a lower bound on a general class of algorithms that include all the most efficient previously known algorithms for the Klee's measure problem. This implies that such solutions cannot be improved by more than a logarithmic factor in their actual form. Finally, all the above results also apply to variations/restrictions of the \emphdepth problem motivated by LEO satellite constellations routing problems.
Endorepellin causes endothelial cell disassembly of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions through α2β1 integrin (2004)

Endorepellin, the COOH-terminal domain of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, inhibits several aspects of angiogenesis. We provide evidence for a novel biological axis that links a soluble fragment of perlecan protein core to the major cell surface receptor for collagen I, α2β1 integrin, and provide an initial investigation of the intracellular signaling events that lead to endorepellin antiangiogenic activity. The interaction between endorepellin and α2β1 integrin triggers a unique signaling pathway that causes an increase in the second messenger cAMP; activation of two proximal kinases, protein kinase A and focal adhesion kinase; transient activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and heat shock protein 27, followed by a rapid down-regulation of the latter two proteins; and ultimately disassembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions. The end result is a profound block of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Because perlecan is present in both endothelial and smooth muscle cell basement membranes, proteolytic activity during the initial stages of angiogenesis could liberate antiangiogenic fragments from blood vessels' walls, including endorepellin.
Role of dendritic cells in integrating immune responses to luminal antigens (2020)

This chapter focuses on the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the induction and regulation of immune responses in the intestine. DCs are divided into follicular and nonfollicular DCs. In the early 1970s, Ralph Steinman discovered a population of “tree-like” cells in cultures of splenic accessory cells, which he called “DCs” derived from dendron, the Greek word for “tree.” Immature DCs phagocytose antigen through scavenger, Fc, and C-type lectin-like receptors and capture antigens by endocytosis and micropinocytosis. In contrast to DCs, tissue macrophages lack dendrites, migrate poorly to draining lymph nodes, and inefficiently activate naive T cells. In addition to their ability to prime naive T cells, DCs determine the nature of the resulting T-cell activation. Subpopulations of DC are defined on the basis of unique surface marker expression, localization, and function. Luminal antigens, including macromolecules, bacteria, and viruses, gain access to Peyer's patches and isolated lymphoid follicles through specialized epithelial cells called microfold cells in the follicle-associated epithelium.
Clinical Results (2015)

The results of UKA can be gathered from three main sources: the reports of the national registers, observational studies (both comparative and case series), and randomised controlled trials. In this chapter, we attempt an overview of the clinical results of UKA in general and OUKA in particular. It is important to note that the ‘result’ is of the whole arthroplasty which includes the indications, the technique as well as the implant.&#x0D;
Multiportal Robotic Access to the Anterior Cranial Fossa: An Engineering and Surgical Feasibility Study (2013)

Objectives: Use of robotic surgical technology in skull base surgery has been limited due to the need for 3 non‐disruptive surgical portals; adequate working space between the large robotic arms; and the steep approach angle to the skull base. The objectives were to determine the minimum space requirements between robotic arms, systematically analyze surgical approach portals in a computer model, and assess task performance capability of the derived approaches. Methods: A computer analysis on 10 computed tomography scans computed approach trajectory angles and distances to specified skull base target locations for multiportal surgical approaches. The optimal combinations of portals were tested using the da Vinci and Raven robotic systems to perform tasks, both in dry lab and cadaver settings. Results: Two robotic tools required an angle of at least 20 degrees between them to function effectively at the skull base targets. In the computer analysis, the angle between two transnasal robotic tools was 14.7, and combining with transorbital portals yielded angles much larger (up to 46.0 degrees). Additionally, the skull base trajectory angle was improved by greater than 28 degrees. Conclusions: Computer analysis and cadaver testing demonstrated that the optimal multiportal combination to access sella and parasellar target locations was using 1 transnasal and 2 transorbital portals. This technique addresses the 2 major challenges of 1) the narrow funnel effect generated from portals in close proximity and 2) the steep angle of approach to the skull base, reported in studies evaluating transoral, transcervical, transmaxillary, and transhyoid portals.
Terahertz multichannel microfluidic sensor based on parallel-plate waveguide resonant cavities (2012)

We demonstrate a terahertz multichannel microfluidic sensor based on a parallel-plate waveguide geometry with two independent integrated resonant cavities. The resonant frequency of each cavity exhibits an approximately linear dependence on the index of refraction of the material inside the cavity and each cavity is demonstrated to respond independently with no measurable crosstalk. The sensitivities of the two cavities in terms of the change in resonant wavelength per refractive index unit (RIU) are measured to be 1.21 × 106 nm/RIU and 6.77 × 105 nm/RIU.
Memorization or understanding: Are we teaching the right thing? (2003)

By shifting the focus in lectures from delivering information to helping students synthesize information remarkable improvements in understanding can be achieved. The method to accomplish this improvement, Peer Instruction, is easily adapted and implemented.
Open system synthesis of narrow-bandwidth red-fluorescent carbon quantum dots with a function of multi-metal ion sensing (2023)

DAR-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in ethanol exhibited narrow-bandwidth red photoluminescence that was comparable to that of blue-fluorescent PG-derived-CQDs.
Degradation of hexagonal silicon-carbide-based bipolar devices (2006)

Only a few years ago, an account of degradation of silicon carbide high-voltage p-i-n diodes was presented at the European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Compounds (Kloster Banz, Germany, 2000). This report was followed by the intense effort of multiple groups utilizing varied approaches and subsequent progress in both fundamental understanding of this phenomenon and its elimination. The degradation of SiC p-i-n junctions is now well documented to be due to the expansion of Shockley-type stacking faults in the part of the devices reached by the electron-hole plasma. The faults can gradually cover most of the junction area, impeding current flow and, as a result, increasing the on-state resistance. While in most semiconductors stacking faults are electrically inactive, in hexagonal silicon carbide polytypes (4H- and 6H-SiC) they form quantum-well-like electron states observed in luminescence and confirmed by first-principles calculations. The stacking-fault expansion occurs via motion of 30° silicon-core partial dislocations. The Si–Si bond along the dislocation line induces a deep level in the SiC band gap. This state serves as both a radiative and a nonradiative recombination center and converts the electron-hole recombination energy into activation energy for the dislocation motion. Dislocation motion is typically caused by shear stress, but in the case of SiC diodes, the driving force appears to be intrinsic to the material or to the fault itself, i.e., the fault expansion appears to lower the energy of the system. Stable devices can be fabricated by eliminating stacking-fault nucleation sites. The dominant type of such preexisting defects is the segment of basal plane dislocations dissociated into partials. The density of such defects can be reduced to below 1cm−2 by conversion of all basal plane dislocations propagating from the substrate into threading ones in the epitaxial layer. Remarkable progress in fabrication of low basal plane dislocation density material offers hope of bipolar SiC devices being available commercially in the near future.
Fluorine-free mixed amphiphilic polymers based on PDMS and PEG side chains for fouling release applications (2011)

Fluorine-free mixed amphiphilic block copolymers with mixtures of short side groups of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were synthesized and studied for their ability to influence the surface properties and control the adhesion of marine organisms to coated surfaces. The settlement (attachment) and strength of adhesion of two different marine algae, the green seaweed Ulva and the diatom Navicula, were evaluated against the surfaces. It is known that hydrophobic coatings based on polydimethyl siloxane elastomers (PDMSe) are prone to protein adsorption and accumulation of strongly adherent diatom slimes, in contrast to PEG-based hydrophilic surfaces that inhibit protein adsorption and moderate only weak adhesion of diatoms. By incorporating both PDMS and PEG side chains into the polymers, the effect of incorporating both polar and non-polar groups on fouling-release could be studied. The dry surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The ability of these mixed amphiphilic polymers to reconstruct in water was examined using underwater bubble contact angle and dynamic water contact angle experiments. To understand more about surface reconstruction behavior, protein adsorption experiments were carried out with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA-FITC) on both dry and pre-soaked surfaces.
Improving Bioassay Sensitivity for Neurotoxins Detection Using Volterra Based Third Order Nonlinear Analysis (2007)

Based on a novel analytical method for analyzing short-term plasticity (STP) of the CA1 hippocampal region in vitro, a screening tool for the detection and classification of unknown chemical compounds affecting the nervous system was recently introduced [1], [2]. The recorded signal consisted of evoked population spike in response to Poisson distributed random train impulse stimuli. The developed analytical approach used the first order Volterra kernel and the Laguerre coefficients of the second order Volterra model as classification features [3]. The biosensor showed encouraging results, and was able to classify out of sample compounds correctly [2]. We have taken an exploratory step to investigate the advantage of introducing a third order model [4]. DAP5, an NMDA channel blocker, did not show major changes in the second order kernel and in its corresponding Laguerre coefficients. Data were reanalyzed using a third order model. DAP5 showed discernable changes in the third order kernel as well as in the some of the corresponding Laguerre coefficients. Hence, the third order Volterra based model has the potential to improve the sensitivity and the discriminatory power of the proposed bioassay.
Porphyrin overdrive rewires pan-cancer cell metabolism (2022)

Porphyrin overdrive rewires pan-cancer cell metabolism All cancer cells reprogram metabolism to support aberrant growth. Here, we report that cancer cells employ and depend on imbalanced and dynamic heme metabolic pathways for their oncogenic growth. We coined this essential metabolic rewiring ‘porphyrin overdrive’ and determined that it is cancer-universal, cancer-essential, and cancer-specific. While porphyrin overdrive is absent in differentiated cells or somatic stem cells, it is present in patient-derived tumor progenitor cells, demonstrated by single cell RNAseq, and in early embryogenesis. Among the major drivers are proteins involved in biosynthesis of heme intermediates and heme trafficking. CRISPR/Cas9 editing to engineer leukemia cells with impaired heme biosynthetic steps confirmed our whole genomic data analyses that porphyrin overdrive is linked to oncogenic states and cellular differentiation. In conclusion, we identified a dependence of cancer cells on non-homeostatic heme metabolism, and we targeted this cancer metabolic vulnerability with a novel “bait-and-kill” strategy to eradicate malignant cells. One-Sentence Summary Porphyrin overdrive reprograms cancer cellular metabolism.
Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-1β Promotes Tumor Growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma by Induction of Angiogenic Factors: In Vivo Analysis of Tumor-Stromal Interaction (2002)

Inflammatory conditions are associated with tumor development. IL-1beta is a multifunctional and proinflammatory cytokine that affects nearly all types of cells. To investigate the role of IL-1beta in tumor growth in vivo, we transduced the retroviral vector coding human IL-1beta gene into mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and subsequently inoculated the transformant (LLC/IL-1beta) to syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Tumors derived from LLC/IL-1beta grew faster (240%, day 18, vs null-vector control LLC/neo; p < 0.01) and showed more abundant vasculature (250%, vs LLC/neo; p < 0.05), whereas LLC/IL-1beta cells, LLC/neo cells, and wild-type LLC cells did not show any significant difference in the growth rate in vitro. As compared with LLC/neo cells, LLC/IL-1beta cells secreted 2-fold the amount of vascular endothelial growth factor and >10-fold the amount of macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 (CXCL2), one of whose main functions is angiogenesis. Although LLC/IL-1beta itself did not secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the tumor derived from LLC/IL-1beta cells also contained a >4-fold higher concentration of HGF, another angiogenic factor. In situ hybridization of HGF mRNA in LLC/IL-1beta tumor sections demonstrated that stromal fibroblasts and infiltrating cells overexpressed HGF mRNA. Moreover, when cultured in the presence of HGF in vitro, LLC/IL-1beta cells secreted even larger amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2. The antiangiogenic agent TNP-470 and anti-CXCR2 Ab inhibited the tumor growth of LLC/IL-1beta cells in vivo. These results indicated that secreting IL-1beta into the tumor milieu induces several angiogenic factors from tumor and stromal cells and thus promotes tumor growth through hyperneovascularization.
Synthesis and Properties of Block Copolymers of Isoprene and 1,3-Cyclohexadiene (2004)

Anionic block copolymerization of isoprene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene (1,3-CHD) was carried out in the presence of a dilithium initiator derived from 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene. A special seeding technique, namely multistep seeding with isoprene, was developed to promote the efficiency of the dilithium initiator. Triblock, PCHD-PI-PCHD, pentablock, PCHD-PS-PI-PS-PCHD, and heptablock copolymers, PCHD-PI-PS-PI-PS-PI-PCHD, were synthesized using multistep seeded dilithium initiators. Phase separation and mechanical properties of the resulting block copolymers were investigated by DSC, TEM, and tensile strength test.