gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications analytiques de nouveaux concepts en spectrometrie de masse : fragmentation d'ions a charge piegee : fab a flot continu (1989)

La fragmentation des ions a charge piegee est un nouveau concept presente par m. Gross (lincoln, nebraska). Nous avons transpose ce concept au niveau analytique pour l'etude d'acide gras derives en ester de pentafluoro benzyle en generant d'une part des ions a charge piegee apres separation moleculaire en phase vapeur de ces esters (chromatographie en phase gazeuse), et d'autre part en les fragmentant successivement par collision dans une echelle de temps compatible avec la separation chromatographique. Cette methode tres sensible (nanogramme) a permis la determination structurale de nombreux acides gras nouveaux dans des extraits de mycobacteries. L'analyse de melanges par bombardement par atomes rapides (fab) est souvent incomplete par suite de rendements d'ionisation tres variables selon la nature des composes presents. Ainsi, nous avons songe a coupler l'ionisation fab a un processus de separation moleculaire de peptides en fonction de leur hydrophobicite (hplc phase inverse). L'association de la fab a flot continu et de la micro hplc a permis de caracteriser un variant d'une hemoglobine humaine (kohln) resultant d'une mutation ponctuelle. Sa detection n'avait pu etre realisee par la methode classique du fab statique. Cette nouvelle methode est beaucoup plus sensible et permet des analyses dans le domaine de la picomole
Miniemulsification of Monomer-Resin Hybrid Systems (2008)

Miniemulsion polymerization is particularly well suited to synthesize hybrid nanocomposites. The first stage in this process is to prepare hybrid monomer−resin nanodroplets by miniemulsification. In this work, the efficiencies of several homogenization equipment (rotor−stator, sonicator, and high-pressure homogenizer) were compared. For the most efficient one, the effect of homogenization conditions, type of resin, emulsifier concentration, and viscosity of the organic phase on the size of the composite droplets was investigated. The results agreed well with a two-step mechanism in series involving droplet breakup and coalescence.
Fabrication of magnetite nanorods by ultrasound irradiation (2001)

Magnetite nanorods have been prepared by the sonication of aqueous iron(II)acetate in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. The properties of the magnetite nanorods were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetization measurements. The as-prepared magnetite nanorods are ferromagnetic and their magnetization at room temperature is ∼78 emu/g. The particle sizes measured from transmission electron micrographs are about 48/14 nm (L/W). A mechanism for the sonochemical formation of magnetite nanorods is discussed.
Structure–Property Relationships in Biomedical Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites (2011)

Polyurethanes are excellent potential materials for the construction of implantable medical components due to their exceptional mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Currently, soft silicone materials are employed as insulation for implantable cochlear electrode arrays. Siloxane-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites containing synthetic layered silicates are being investigated as new insulation materials with superior tensile and tear strength and reduced surface tack, potentially allowing for thinner insulation and more intricate electrode designs. In this work, ElastEon E5-325 (Aortech Pty Ltd.) TPU nanocomposites reinforced with 2 and 4 wt % low aspect ratio organo-hectorite and high aspect ratio organo-fluoromica (Lucentite SWN, Somasif ME100, both modified with octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA)) were prepared by a solvent casting technique. The mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites were measured by tensile, tear, stress relaxation, and creep testing and morphologically were characterized by DSC, DMTA, XRD, TEM, and strained in situ synchrotron SAXS. We found that the hydrophobic low aspect ratio organohectorite acts as a very potent interfacial compatibilizer. At 2 wt % loading, the resulting nanocomposite displays vastly superior mechanical properties to both soft silicone and ElastEon. In addition to providing 30 nm × 1 nm synthetic nanosilicate reinforcing elements which are readily capable of orientation and reinforcement, these nanosilicates also serve to provide more cohesive hard microdomains and thus creep resistance and dimensional stability. Interestingly, at a higher (4 wt %) loading of organohectorite, gross morphological changes in the TPU microdomain texture are observed, adversely effecting the mechanical properties of the TPU.
State-of-the-art ultra-low phase noise photonic microwave generation (2016)

Ultra-low phase noise microwave signals can be generated by photodetecting the train of pulses of an optical frequency comb locked to an ultrastable continuous laser reference. However the photodetection process itself is accompanied by some noise that is limiting the performance of this technique. We present how we overcome these limitations and combine different methods to generate, detect and characterize the lowest absolute phase noise microwave signal to date.
The 4Kscore blood test accurately identifies men with aggressive prostate cancer prior to prostate biopsy with or without DRE information (2017)

Introduction The 4Kscore Test is a prebiopsy blood test that incorporates four prostate protein biomarkers along with patient clinical information to determine a man's risk for high-grade, aggressive (Gleason ≥7) prostate cancer. However, some men likely to benefit from the test may be seen in primary care settings where the digital rectal examination (DRE) information is not always obtained. In this study, we assessed the clinical validity of the 4Kscore Test when the DRE information was not included in the algorithm. Methods The Prospective 4Kscore Validation Study enrolled 1012 men scheduled for prostate biopsy across 26 urology practices in the United States. The 4Kscore was calculated for each patient with and without DRE information. The primary outcome was Gleason ≥7 prostate cancer on prostate biopsy. The contribution of DRE to the predictive accuracy of the test was evaluated by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC-ROC), risk calibration and clinical consequences. Results High-grade, aggressive prostate cancer was found in 231 (23%) of the 1012 patients. Both versions of the 4Kscore Test, with and without DRE, showed excellent discrimination (AUC=0.821 with DRE and AUC=0.818 without DRE input) and excellent calibration. No clinically significant difference was found between the two versions of the 4Kscore. Conclusions The 4Kscore Test algorithm, whether DRE findings are available or not, performs well in predicting a man's risk of high-grade, aggressive prostate cancer. Patients who are suspected of having aggressive prostate cancer can safely have their risk better defined by 4Kscore even if a DRE has not been performed recently.
Weighted Sum MSE Minimization for MIMO Broadcast Channel (2006)

A MIMO broadcast channel with linear transceiver schemes is considered in this paper. The base station (BS) is equipped with a scheduler, using a simple opportunistic beamforming strategy, which associates an intended user for each of the transmitted data streams. For the case when the channel of the scheduled users is available at the BS we propose an iterative algorithm for joint design of the transmit and the receive beamformers according to mean square error minimization criterion. The proposed method can handle multiple antennas at the BS and at the mobile user with single and/or multiple data streams per scheduled user. The optimization problems encountered in the beamformer design (e.g., covariance rank constraint) are not convex in general. Therefore, the problem of finding the global optimum is intrinsically non-tractable. However, by exploiting the uplink-downlink SINR duality, we decompose the original optimization problem as a series of simpler optimization problems which can be efficiently solved by using standard convex optimization tools. There is no guarantee that the global optimum has been found due to the nonconvexity of the problem, but, the simulations show that the algorithms converge fast to a solution, which can be a local optimum, but is still efficient
New agents and strategies for the hormonal treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (2010)

Intratumoral androgens drive CRPC progression. New investigational hormonal agents that inhibit intratumoral androgens are highly active in the treatment of CRPC. Alternative strategies hold the promise for the development of other agents with novel mechanisms of action.
Effects of chronic expression of the HIV-induced protein, transactivator of transcription, on circadian activity rhythms in mice, with or without morphine (2008)

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection exhibit changes in sleep patterns, motor disorders, and cognitive dysfunction; these symptoms may be secondary to circadian rhythm abnormalities. Studies in mice have shown that intracerebral injection of an HIV protein, transactivator of transcription (Tat), alters the timing of circadian rhythms in a manner similar to light. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that chronic Tat expression alters circadian rhythms, especially their entrainment to a light-dark (LD) cycle, by using transgenic mice in which Tat expression in the brain was induced via a doxycycline (DOX)-sensitive, glial fibrillary-associated, protein-restricted promoter. Because opiate substance abuse, which shares comorbidity with HIV infection, also disrupts sleep, a final experiment assessed the effects of morphine exposure on circadian rhythms in wild-type and Tat transgenic mice. Mice housed in cages equipped with running wheels were fed chow with or without DOX. Experiment 1 revealed a small but significant (P < 0.05) difference between groups in the phase angle of entrainment and a 15% decrease in the wheel running in the DOX group (P < 0.005). During exposure to constant darkness, DOX did not alter the endogenous period length of the circadian rhythm. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of DOX on circadian rhythms in wild-type and Tat(+) mice during exposure to a normal or phase-shifted LD cycle, or morphine treatment without any change in the LD cycle. Tat induction significantly decreased wheel running but did not affect entrainment to the normal or shifted LD cycle. Morphine decreased wheel running without altering the phase angle of entrainment, and the drug's effects were independent of Tat induction. In conclusion, these findings suggest that chronic brain expression of Tat decreases locomotor activity and the amplitude of circadian rhythms, but does not affect photic entrainment or reentrainment of the murine circadian pacemaker.
ChemInform Abstract: THE NATURE OF BIS(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)URANIUM DICHLORIDE AND CYCLOPENTADIENYLURANIUM TRICHLORIDE IN SOLUTION AND IN THE SOLID STATE (1979)

Abstract Die Untersuchung der Zusammensetzung der aus UCl 4 und Tl‐cyclopentadienid in 1,2‐Dimethoxyethan dargestellten Verbindung UCl 2 (C 5 H 5 ), in festem Zustand durch IR‐Spektroskopie und Röntgenbre‐ chung und in Lösung durch Elektronen‐ und NMR‐Spektroskopie ergab, daß der Komplex eine Mischung der bekannten Verbindungen Chlorotricyclopentadienyluran und Trichlorocyclopentadienyl‐(1,2‐dimethoxyethan)‐uran (I) ist.
The use of genetically engineered mice in immunodermatology (2000)

The modern techniques of genetics have permitted the creation of animals in which distinctive genes are either selectively destroyed (KO mice) or expressed under abnormal conditions (transgenic animals). The use of such engineered animals for the study of skin diseases is discussed.
Enrichment of Autophagy and Proteosome Pathways in Breast Muscle of Feed Efficient Pedigree Male Broilers (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Feed efficiency (FE) is an important genetic trait in poultry and livestock. Autophagy (self-eating) and proteosomes are cellular processes that remove damaged cell components (e.g., proteins, organelles). As evidence of extensive protein oxidation was observed in Pedigree Male (PedM) broilers exhibiting a low FE (LFE) phenotype compared to a high FE (HFE) phenotype, the main goal of this study was to assess gene and protein expression of the autophagy and proteosome pathways in breast muscle obtained in PedM broilers exhibiting HFE and LFE phenotypes. <b>Methods:</b> Feed efficiency was calculated as weight gain divided by feed intake gain in individual PedM broilers that were measured between 6 and 7 weeks of age. Targeted gene expression was conducted on breast muscle using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to determine mRNA expression of genes associated with the autophagy pathway; AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 1 (AMPKα1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Beclin 1, and autophagy genes (Atg) 3, Atg7, and Atg16L1. Binomial distribution analysis was conducted on transcriptomic and data obtained by RNAseq and shotgun proteomics, respectively on the same set of tissues for genes associated with autophagy, vacuole formation, and proteosome expression. <b>Results:</b> Greater efficiency was attained in the HFE PedM broilers by greater weight gain on the same amount of feed consumed resulting in FEs of 0.65 ± 0.01 and 0.46 ± 0.01 in the HFE and LFE phenotypes, respectively. Targeted mRNA expression analysis revealed significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) elevations in AMPKa1, mTOR, Atg16L1, and Atg7 and a marginal (<i>P</i> = 0.07) elevation in Beclin1. Binomial distribution analysis transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed significant skews favoring autophagy-, vacuole-, and proteosome-related genes in the HFE phenotype. These results indicate that the autophagy and proteosome expression is enhanced in the HFE compared to the LFE pedigree male broiler phenotype suggesting that protein and organelle quality control may be enhanced in high feed efficiency.
Infectivity and mode of action of Baculoviruses (1980)

Abstract The genus Baculovirus contains three subgroups of viral types: (1) nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs), (2) granulosis viruses (GVs), and (3) nonoccluded baculoviruses. While little information is available for viruses from the third subgroup, several aspects of the infectivity and mode of action of NPVs and GVs have been studied. The most common route of entry of a virus into an insect host is per os , and both virus types enter midgut cells (primary site of infection) by membrane fusion. However, two distinct mechanisms of virus uncoating occur among the baculoviruses: NPVs uncoat within the nucleus, whereas GVs uncoat at the nuclear pore complex. Baculoviruses of subgroup 3 appear to uncoat by either mechanism. In addition to replicating within the nucleus, NPV inoculum virus may pass through the intestinal epithelium immediately after ingestion, thereby establishing a systemic infection of the hemocoel prior to virus replication in midgut cells. The GVs do not appear to pass through midgut cells as rapidly as NPVs and in general, the developmental cycle of GVs is longer than that of NPVs. NPVs have been grown in cell culture while GVs have not.
Quad-Furcated Profiled Horn: The Next Generation Highly Efficient GEO Antenna in Additive Manufacturing (2021)

A novel compact and highly efficient dual-polarized horn-like antenna is presented. It exploits a radiating aperture that is fed by four smaller waveguides via a quad-furcated junction. The antenna also comprises the full feed network for the feed waveguides including an integrated 4-way orthomode power divider. Design principles are described in detail and illustrated by means of an example involving an antenna with aperture size of 2.6λ0×2.6λ0 (λ0 the wavelength at the central frequency of operation) intended primarily for Geostationary Orbit (GEO) satellites. The antenna feed was designed to comply with the Additive Manufacturing rules and exhibits aperture efficiency levels close to the theoretical maximum ones over the entire transmit Ku band (10.7 -12.75 GHz), while at the same time its profile is highly compact (6.4λ0). The measured results of a prototype 3D-printed in Selective Laser Melting (SLM) verified experimentally the calculated high aperture efficiency (over 90%). The total antenna feed attains return loss > 19 dB and maximum cross-polarization isolation (XPI) > 24 dB over a bandwidth of 18%. In light of the favorable electrical performances and compact size, the proposed solution constitutes an appealing alternative to profiled (or spline) horns for satellite antenna systems used either as reflector feeds or direct radiating arrays.
Monitoring Bacterial Diversity of the Marine Sponge Ircinia strobilina upon Transfer into Aquaculture (2008)

Marine sponges in the genus Ircinia are known to be good sources of secondary metabolites with biological activities. A major obstacle in the development of sponge-derived metabolites is the difficulty in ensuring an economic, sustainable supply of the metabolites. A promising strategy is the ex situ culture of sponges in closed or semiclosed aquaculture systems. In this study, the marine sponge Ircinia strobilina (order Dictyoceratida: family Irciniidae) was collected from the wild and maintained for a year in a recirculating aquaculture system. Microbiological and molecular community analyses were performed on freshly collected sponges and sponges maintained in aquaculture for 3 months and 9 months. Chemical analyses were performed on wild collected sponges and individuals maintained in aquaculture for 3 months and 1 year. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to assess the complexity of and to monitor changes in the microbial communities associated with I. strobilina. Culture-based and molecular techniques showed an increase in the Bacteroidetes and Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria components of the bacterial community in aquaculture. Populations affiliated with Beta- and Deltaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Planctomycetes emerged in sponges maintained in aquaculture. The diversity of bacterial communities increased upon transfer into aquaculture.
Optimal Multiuser Transmit Beamforming: A Difficult Problem with a Simple Solution Structure [Lecture Notes] (2014)

Transmit beamforming is a versatile technique for signal transmission from an array of antennas to one or multiple users [1]. In wireless communications, the goal is to increase the signal power at the intended user and reduce interference to nonintended users. A high signal power is achieved by transmitting the same data signal from all antennas but with different amplitudes and phases, such that the signal components add coherently at the user. Low interference is accomplished by making the signal components add destructively at nonintended users. This corresponds mathematically to designing beamforming vectors (that describe the amplitudes and phases) to have large inner products with the vectors describing the intended channels and small inner products with nonintended user channels.
Distributed Estimation Using Reduced Dimensionality Sensor Observations (2006)

We derive linear estimators of stationary random signals based on reduced-dimensionality observations collected at distributed sensors and communicated to a fusion center over wireless links. Dimensionality reduction compresses sensor data to meet low-power and bandwidth constraints, while linearity in compression and estimation are well motivated by the limited computing capabilities wireless sensor networks are envisioned to operate with, and by the desire to estimate random signals from observations with unknown probability density functions. In the absence of fading and fusion center noise (ideal links), we cast this intertwined compression-estimation problem in a canonical cor- relation analysis framework and derive closed-form mean-square error (MSE) optimal estimators along with coordinate descent suboptimal alternatives that guarantee convergence at least to a stationary point. Likewise, we develop estimators based on reduced-dimensionality sensor observations in the presence of fading and additive noise at the fusion center (nonideal links). Performance analysis and corroborating simulations demonstrate the merits of the novel distributed estimators relative to existing alternatives.
Bright, Coherent, Ultrafast Soft X-Ray Harmonics Spanning the Water Window from a Tabletop Light Source (2010)

We demonstrate fully phase-matched high harmonic emission spanning the water window spectral region important for nano- and bioimaging and a breadth of materials and molecular dynamics studies. We also generate the broadest bright coherent bandwidth (≈300 eV) to date from any light source, small or large, that is consistent with a single subfemtosecond burst. The harmonic photon flux at 0.5 keV is 10³ higher than demonstrated previously. This work extends bright, spatially coherent, attosecond pulses into the soft x-ray region for the first time.
Center of Pressure Variations in High-Heeled Shoes (2011)

The way in which a person’s foot contacts a shoe surface can have short-term and long-term effects on the whole body. Most previous research on footwear has been carried out using commercially available shoes, and as a result the surface of the shoe with which the foot interacts has not been systematically investigated. A recent invention has allowed the design parameters of a shoe to be investigated. The wedge angle and midfoot conditions were varied, and their effects were modeled with psychophysical relationships. The results show that perceived feelings are closely related to the location of the center of pressure.
2SD1005 Imaging of rotary molecular motor F_1-ATPase(2SD Bridging Single Molecule Biophysics and System Biology:New Experimental and Theoretical Challenges,The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2010)

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Polymorphism: Understanding Polymorph Transformations in Core‐Chlorinated Naphthalene Diimides and their Impact on Thin‐Film Transistor Performance (Adv. Funct. Mater. 14/2016) (2016)

On page 2357, Y. L. Loo and co-workers demonstrate access to two distinct packing motifs in thin films of a molecular semiconductor through post-deposition processing. The combination of selected-area electron diffraction and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction tracks the reversible transformation between them, and suggests polymorphs with smaller in-plane anisotropy are more beneficial for efficient lateral charge transport in polycrystalline devices.
PM484. BQCA Allosteric Modulation of [3H]NMS Binding to Human Cortex is Reduced in a Subgroup of Schizophrenia and Modulation by Divalent Cations (2016)

purified using the Qiagen RNeasy kit. The samples were hybridised to an Agilent SurePrint G3 Rat Gene Expression microarray. Using JMP Genomics 6.1, quality controls were checked and the expression data analyzed to identify genes with different expression profiles. The genes with different profiles were imported into Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to identify pathways affected by ovariectomy and/or estrogen treatment.