gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep UV photon-counting detectors and applications (2009)

Photon counting detectors are used in many diverse applications and are well-suited to situations in which a weak signal is present in a relatively benign background. Examples of successful system applications of photon-counting detectors include ladar, bio-aerosol detection, communication, and low-light imaging. A variety of practical photon-counting detectors have been developed employing materials and technologies that cover the waveband from deep ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared. However, until recently, photoemissive detectors (photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and their variants) were the only viable technology for photon-counting in the deep UV region of the spectrum. While PMTs exhibit extremely low dark count rates and large active area, they have other characteristics which make them unsuitable for certain applications. The characteristics and performance limitations of PMTs that prevent their use in some applications include bandwidth limitations, high bias voltages, sensitivity to magnetic fields, low quantum efficiency, large volume and high cost. Recently, DARPA has initiated a program called Deep UV Avalanche Photodiode (DUVAP) to develop semiconductor alternatives to PMTs for use in the deep UV. The higher quantum efficiency of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GM-APD) detectors and the ability to fabricate arrays of individually-addressable detectors will open up new applications in the deep UV. In this paper, we discuss the system design trades that must be considered in order to successfully replace low-dark count, large-area PMTs with high-dark count, small-area GM-APD detectors. We also discuss applications that will be enabled by the successful development of deep UV GM-APD arrays, and we present preliminary performance data for recently fabricated silicon carbide GM-APD arrays.
Beyond Punishment: Doping, Deterrence, and Moral Disengagement (2012)

Urine represents a valuable biofluid for noninvasive measurement of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) secretion. Unfortunately, currently available commercial HGH immunoassays do not achieve the sensitivity needed for urinary HGH measurement in the low picogram per milliliter range, the expected normal concentration range of HGH in urine. A nanotechnology based sample preprocessing step was used to extract and concentrate HGH in urine so that urinary HGH could be measured with a clinical grade standard immunoassay designed for serum (Immulite 1000, Siemens). We applied the nanoparticle enhanced immunoassay to evaluate the baseline value of urinary HGH in a population of healthy young adults (age 18-30, N=33, median 21, M: F=39%:61%, with no reported medical therapies). Nanoparticle sample preprocessing effectively improved the lower limit of detection of the Immulite HGH assay by more than 50 fold, shifting the linear range of the assay to encompass the expected value of urinary HGH. The full process between run and within run CV% was 7.9 and 9.0%, respectively. On 33 healthy volunteers, the 95% reference values for hGH in spot urine normalized to specific gravity were 0.64 - 16.85 pg/mL (0.05-5.82 ng/g creatinine). Nanoparticle preprocessing constitutes a reliable means of measuring urinary HGH with a clinical grade immunoassay, now establishing a normal baseline value for HGH in urine. Nanoparticles can be used to study the kinetics of HGH excretion in urine, and the factors that influence urinary HGH secretion and HGH isoform proportions.
Alkane oxidation catalyzed by .mu.-oxo-bridged diferric complexes: a structure/reactivity correlation study (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkane oxidation catalyzed by .mu.-oxo-bridged diferric complexes: a structure/reactivity correlation studyStephane Menage, Jean Marc Vincent, Claude Lambeaux, Genevieve Chottard, Andre Grand, and Marc FontecaveCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 22, 4766–4773Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00074a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00074a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views719Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Large-Scale Discovery of Disease-Disease and Disease-Gene Associations (2016)

Data-driven phenotype analyses on Electronic Health Record (EHR) data have recently drawn benefits across many areas of clinical practice, uncovering new links in the medical sciences that can potentially affect the well-being of millions of patients. In this paper, EHR data is used to discover novel relationships between diseases by studying their comorbidities (co-occurrences in patients). A novel embedding model is designed to extract knowledge from disease comorbidities by learning from a large-scale EHR database comprising more than 35 million inpatient cases spanning nearly a decade, revealing significant improvements on disease phenotyping over current computational approaches. In addition, the use of the proposed methodology is extended to discover novel disease-gene associations by including valuable domain knowledge from genome-wide association studies. To evaluate our approach, its effectiveness is compared against a held-out set where, again, it revealed very compelling results. For selected diseases, we further identify candidate gene lists for which disease-gene associations were not studied previously. Thus, our approach provides biomedical researchers with new tools to filter genes of interest, thus, reducing costly lab studies.
Simultaneous or Sequential Orthogonal Gradient Formation in a 3D Cell Culture Microfluidic Platform (2015)

Biochemical gradients are ubiquitous in biology. At the tissue level, they dictate differentiation patterning or cell migration. Recapitulating in vitro the complexity of such concentration profiles with great spatial and dynamic control is crucial in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of biological phenomena. Here, a microfluidic design capable of generating diffusion-driven, simultaneous or sequential, orthogonal linear concentration gradients in a 3D cell-embedded scaffold is described. Formation and stability of the orthogonal gradients are demonstrated by computational and fluorescent dextran-based characterizations. Then, system utility is explored in two biological systems. First, stem cells are subjected to orthogonal gradients of morphogens in order to mimic the localized differentiation of motor neurons in the neural tube. Similarly to in vivo, motor neurons preferentially differentiate in regions of high concentration of retinoic acid and smoothened agonist (acting as sonic hedgehog), in a concentration-dependent fashion. Then, a rotating gradient is applied to HT1080 cancer cells and the change in migration direction is investigated as the cells adapt to a new chemical environment. The response time of ≈4 h is reported. These two examples demonstrate the versatility of this new design that can also prove useful in many applications including tissue engineering and drug screening.
Physical Property of New Liquid Crystal Materials and Mixture Design for Active Matrix LCD (2001)

Abstract We studied the physical properties of three series of new fluorinated liquid crystal components and prepared some mixtures by using these components. Decahydronaphthalenes have low Δn with relatively high T NI. Naphthalenes and Tetrahydronaphthalenes have large Δϵ and variety range of Δn (0.08–0.21). Moreover, we have revealed that the fluoro- substituent at C-1 position for the naphthalene and the tetrahydronaphthalene ring has effects to increase T NI and to reduce γ1 with good solubility. Then, we have designed some LC mixtures for AM-LCD having good performance with 4V-driving, quick response, high birefringence, low birefringence, wide temperature range and low driving voltage.
Three-Dimensional Object Realization via Direct Volumetric Activation (2017)

Despite increasing levels of acceptance, traditional additive manufacturing techniques continue to suffer from a number of fundamental drawbacks that act to limit broad adoption. These drawbacks include limits on processable materials, part properties/performance, geometric deviation and repeatability. The vast majority of existing processes also rely on a point-by-point approach to generate parts, resulting in exceedingly long build times and extremely poor scaling behavior. Furthermore, in general, current systems require significant levels of complexity for operation, resulting in the need for considerable upfront capital investment as well as continuing maintenance costs. A new manufacturing approach is presented here, based upon the generation of objects from the direct creation of constituent volumetric sub-regions. This process addresses many of the limitations described above, and has the potential to significantly alter the manner with which three-dimensional objects are realized.
Performance of TS-1-Coated Structured Packing Materials for Styrene Oxidation Reaction (2011)

Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1)-coated on stainless steel packing rings of complex geometries provided a large interfacial contact area for improving mass transport processes. Zeolite seeds were assembled using organic linker, and a thin uniform layer of TS-1 catalyst was deposited on the surface by hydrothermal regrowth. The chemical, structural, and catalytic properties of the TS-1 layer were examined. An order of magnitude higher styrene conversion rate was obtained from the TS-1-coated substrates compared with powder. The catalyst was sensitive to pretreatment, and heat treatment in nitrogen provided a 30% higher conversion rate than the air-calcined samples. The N2-pretreated catalyst displayed lower activity loss and better regenerability.
Obtaining and Application of New Cellulose- and Graphene Oxide-Based Adsorbents for Treatment of Industrial Waste Containing Heavy Metals (2017)

The paper presents the results of studies on the preparation and properties of composite granules produced by phase inversion from cellulose (CEL) solutions in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate (EMIMAc), containing nano-addition in the form of graphene oxide (GO) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Water absorption and sorption of such compounds as FeCl 3 , methylene blue (MB) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied. In addition, attempts were made to investigate the sorption properties of the obtained cellulose granules in terms of metals removal from galvanizing wastewater. Among the many components, iron and lead were found to have the highest concentration (~ 1 mg Fe/dm 3 ; ~2 mg Pb/dm 3 ) in the tested wastewater sample. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the wastewater was examined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The studies show that doping of cellulose with graphene oxide clearly affects the physical properties of this biopolymer. GO improves the water absorption of CEL/GO composite cellulose granules only in the concentration above 0.05% w/w. For a concentration of 0.1% w/w of GO in cellulose, water absorption is increased by ~108% compared to pure cellulose granules. In addition, the use of dry and wet granules in the study changes their sorption properties with respect to all tested substances. Studies on test solutions have shown that the sorption of cellulose granules decreases with increasing molar mass of test compounds, in the following order: FeCl 3 , methylene blue (MB) and bovine albumin (BSA). This means that the cellulose granules obtained in the experiment are made up of small micropores, which makes the diffusion of compounds of high molecular weight difficult. The best sorption results were obtained for ferric ions and amounted to 66-72% for FeCl 3 solution, and ~92% for the wastewater that was sorbed on pure cellulose granules.
Support for service scalability in video-on-demand end-systems. (1998)

Large-scale deployment of video-on-demand (VoD) systems depends on the quality-of-service (QoS) in customers' interactions. These interactions typically involve the VoD end-systems, that is, the local VoD server and customers' premise equipment (CPE), which communicate via an access network. At this level, factors such as storage reconfigurations and time variations in the request arrival pattern usually cause customers' QoS degradation. This dissertation determines how to achieve service scalability, which is defined as the ability to accommodate possibly significant workload fluctuations and overloading situations without affecting customers' QoS in interactions. First, VoD server storage should be organized to (1) make a large collection of movie titles and concurrent channels available at the lowest possible cost, and (2) offer the lowest admission latency, or minimum waiting time for service. We show that the coarse-grained striping scheme in disk arrays is a potential candidate for its cost-effective storage usage and low admission latency. In addition, we identify the feasibility of clustered disk-array-based storage organizations to reduce service disruptions during content updates. For a given storage organization, scalability can be further improved by batching customers' requests and using multicast communication. For instance, in Near-VoD (NVoD), videos are sourced at equally-spaced intervals, thus allowing limited VCR functionality and guaranteeing a specified maximum admission latency. In order to fully exploit these features, an analytical study of NVoD is presented, which compares customers' and service provider's conflicting objectives. If, unlike in NVoD, batching is done without any control in the channel allocation process, extended periods of demand surge may lead to congestion cycles, causing a scalability problem. We thus introduce a methodology to measure scalability and identify scalable alternatives to NVoD. These multicast VoD systems are applicable in a wide range of clustered storage organizations, and may offer a better tradeoff between customers' QoS and server's throughput. However, in these multicast VoD systems, continuity in VCR actions can only be provided intermittently. To alleviate this limitation, we propose and evaluate mechanisms which greatly improve customers' VCR functionality with minimal degradation of service scalability.
ANÁLISE DE TRÊS TRADUÇÕES DE UM BONDE CHAMADO DESEJO: O LÉXICO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DISCURSIVA DE BLANCHE DUBOIS (2021)

O presente artigo busca contrastar as três traduções brasileiras da peça AStreetcar Named Desire, de Tennessee Williams, publicadas sob o título de Um BondeChamado Desejo. O estudo tem como foco os discursos relacionados à protagonista dapeça, Blanche DuBois, uma mulher desajustada que não encontra uma posição socialconfortável após o suicídio do marido. Stanley Kowalski, seu cunhado, a estupra, e odesfecho da personagem culmina, por fim, em um hospício. Utilizamos a Análise Críticado Discurso e os Estudos da Tradução como principal aporte para o cotejo do corpus detrês excertos extraídos de cada uma das traduções, em que escolhas lexicais distintasindicam diferentes enquadres ideológicos sobre a personagem. Ao final, foi possívelperceber a carga ideológica vinculada aos discursos de/sobre DuBois em cada tradução eas impressões como leitor que os tradutores registraram ao reconstruírem as enunciaçõesda protagonista em língua portuguesa.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active α,β‐Disubstituted β‐ Amino Nitriles and β‐Amino Acids Starting from Asparagine. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhanced Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and Dexamethasone (2009)

In the present study, we investigated the ex vivo expansion of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ATSCs) to identify factors that promoted efficient expansion while preserving stem cell potential. We examined several growth factors and steroids, and found that the combination of a low concentration of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) (1 ng/mL) and dexamethasone (DEX) or betamethasone (BET) enhanced the proliferation of ATSCs by approximately 30-60% as compared to control. Enhanced proliferation under these conditions was confirmed using ATSCs isolated from three independent donors. ATSCs that were expanded in the presence of FGF-2 and DEX for 5 days were capable of differentiating into either osteoblastic or adipogenic cells, and the cells were positive for the mesenchymal stem cell markers such as CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, and CD146, suggesting that the stem cell potential of the ATSCs was preserved. Analysis of signaling pathway revealed that tyrosine phosphorylation of Src kinase was dramatically increased in response to FGF-2 and DEX, suggesting the involvement of Src-dependent pathways in the stimulatory mechanism of proliferation of ATSCs by FGF-2 and DEX. Moreover, Src family kinase inhibitors (SU6656 and Src kinase inhibitor I) substantially reduced the FGF-2 and DEX-induced proliferation of ATSCs. SU6656 also inhibited the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of ATSCs. The results of the current study demonstrate that FGF-2 in combination with DEX stimulates the proliferation and osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation of ATSCs through a Src-dependent mechanism, and that FGF-2 and DEX promote the efficient ex vivo expansion of ATSCs.
Interaction of the multivalent PDZ domain protein PDZK1 with novel liver‐specific organic anion transporter 7 (OAT7) (2008)

Hepatic organic anion transporters play an important role in the elimination of toxic substances and in the turnover of endogenous biomolecules. Recently, we functionally characterized a novel organic anion transporter OAT7 ( SLC22A9 ) exclusively expressed in human liver. OAT7 mediated high affinity transport of sulfate‐conjugated steroids, estrone sulfate (ES) and DHEA sulfate using short chain fatty acid butyrate as a counterion (Shin et al., Hepatology, 2007). The C‐terminal domain of OAT7 is exposed to the cytoplasmic compartment and contains PDZ motif, one of the famous protein‐protein interaction modules, suggesting that it may interact with PDZ proteins. In the present study, we performed yeast two‐hybrid experiments against PDZ protein containing prey vectors using the C‐terminus of OAT7 as bait. As a result, we found that OAT7 C‐terminus interacted with the multivalent PDZ domain‐containing protein, PDZK1. Deletion of the OAT7 C‐terminal PDZ motif abolished the interaction with PDZK1 in the yeast two‐hybrid system. In addition, the third PDZ domains of PDZK1 associate strongly with the OAT7 C‐terminus. Cotransfection of OAT7 and PDZK1 into the HEK293 cells enhanced [ 3 H]ES uptake via OAT7 (1.2‐folds). The elucidation of these interactions may lead to the further understanding of the function and regulation of organic anion transports in human liver.
Receptor-Specific Allelic Exclusion of TCRVα-Chains During Development (1998)

Abstract Expression of a single Ag receptor on lymphocytes is maintained via allelic exclusion that generates cells with a clonal receptor repertoire. We show in normal mice and mice expressing functionally rearranged TCRαβ transgenes that allelic exclusion at the TCRα locus is not operational in immature thymocytes, whereas most mature T cells express a single TCRVα-chain. TCRVα allelic exclusion in mature thymocytes is regulated through a CD45 tyrosine phosphatase-mediated signal during positive selection. Using functional and genetic systems for selection of immature double TCRVα+ thymocytes, we show that peptide-specific ligand recognition provides the signal for allelic exclusion, i.e., mature T cells maintain expression of the ligand-specific TCRVα-chain, but lose the nonfunctional receptor. Whereas activation of TCRVβ-chains or CD3ε leads to receptor internalization, TCRVα ligation promotes retention of the TCR on the cell surface. Although both TCRVα- and TCRVβ-chains trigger phosphotyrosine signaling, only the TCRVβ-chain mediates membrane recruitment of the GTPase dynamin. These data indicate that TCRVα-directed signals for positive selection control allelic exclusion in T cells, and that developmental signals can select for single receptor usage.
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Labeling of Tissue Transglutaminase Substrates for Wound Healing Monitoring (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. Pan, Y. Shi, C. S. Greenberg, Z. Haroon, and G. W. Faris, "Near-Infrared Fluorescent Labeling of Tissue Transglutaminase Substrates for Wound Healing Monitoring," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper JWA50. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Data Augmentation and Pretraining for Template-Based Retrosynthetic Prediction in Computer-Aided Synthesis Planning (2020)

This work presents efforts to augment the performance of data-driven machine learning algorithms for reaction template recommendation used in computer-aided synthesis planning software. Often, machine learning models designed to perform the task of prioritizing reaction templates or molecular transformations are focused on reporting high accuracy metrics for the one-to-one mapping of product molecules in reaction databases to the template extracted from the recorded reaction. The available templates that get selected for inclusion in these machine learning models have been previously limited to those that appear frequently in the reaction databases and exclude potentially useful transformations. By augmenting open-access datasets of organic reactions with artificially calculated template applicability and pretraining a template relevance neural network on this augmented applicability dataset, we report an increase in the template applicability recall and an increase in the diversity of predicted precursors. The augmentation and pretraining effectively teaches the neural network an increased set of templates that could theoretically lead to successful reactions for a given target. Even on a small dataset of well curated reactions, the data augmentation and pretraining methods resulted in an increase in top-1 accuracy, especially for rare templates, indicating these strategies can be very useful for small datasets.