gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic voltage scaling algorithm for dynamic-priority hard real-time systems using slack time analysis (2003)

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), which adjusts the clock speed and supply voltage dynamically, is an effective technique in reducing the energy consumption of embedded real-time systems. The energy efficiency of a DVS algorithm largely depends on the performance of the slack estimation method used in it. In this paper, we propose a novel DVS algorithm for periodic hard real-time tasks based on an improved slack estimation algorithm. Unlike the existing techniques, the proposed method takes full advantage of the periodic characteristics of the real-time tasks under priority-driven scheduling such as EDF. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the energy consumption by 20/spl sim/40 % over the existing DVS algorithm. The experiment results also show that our algorithm based on the improved slack estimation method gives comparable energy savings to the DVS algorithm based on the theoretically optimal (but impractical) slack estimation method.
Commitments and causality for multiagent design (2003)

This paper unifies two recent strands of research in multiagent system design. One, commitments are widely recognized as capturing important aspects of interactions among agents, but current approaches tend to emphasize individual commitments and typically restrict themselves to interactions between pairs of agents. Two, methodologies for multiagent system design consider protocols and coordination requirements, but do not seriously accommodate commitments. This paper proposes a methodology to infer commitments from an example conversation among several parties. Based on the conversation, we build a commitment causality diagram indicating the causal relations among the commitments. Using this diagram, we generate behavior models for each role. We show that the models produced successfully capture commitment-level protocols and allow flexible implementation of non-commitment communications provided the causal relations are preserved.
Urolithiasis: Not Just a 2-Legged Animal Disease (2007)

The pathogenesis of urolithiasis and treatment protocols in animals parallel those of humans. Given the number of similarities between treatment patterns for humans and animals, many urologists are now being integrated into the treatment of animals.
Stereocontrolled addition of some sulphenyl halides to bicyclo[3.2.0]-hept-2-en-6-ones and modification of the adducts (1981)

The bicycloheptenones (1) and (2) reacted with the sulphenyl chlorides (13)–(15) in a highly regioselective manner to give the corresponding adducts (3)–(8) in 77–92% yield. m-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid oxidation of the ketone (5) led to products (9), (10), (22), and (23) resulting from oxidation at sulphur and/or Bayer–Villiger ring expansion. The corresponding dichloroketone (8) suffers oxidation at sulphur only to give the sulphoxide (11) and the sulphone (12). The 7,7-dichlorobicyclohepten-6-one (8) yielded tetra-substituted cyclopentane derivatives (18)–(21) of defined stereochemistry on addition of methanol or piperidine across the C6–C7 bond.
The X-Linked Intellectual Disability Gene Zdhhc9 Is Essential for Dendrite Outgrowth and Inhibitory Synapse Formation (2019)

Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that facilitates vesicular transport and subcellular localization of modified proteins. This process is catalyzed by ZDHHC enzymes that are implicated in several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. Loss-of-function mutations in ZDHHC9 have been identified in patients with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and associated with increased epilepsy risk. Loss of Zdhhc9 function in hippocampal cultures leads to shorter dendritic arbors and fewer inhibitory synapses, altering the ratio of excitatory-to-inhibitory inputs formed onto Zdhhc9-deficient cells. While Zdhhc9 promotes dendrite outgrowth through the palmitoylation of the GTPase Ras, it promotes inhibitory synapse formation through the palmitoylation of another GTPase, TC10. Zdhhc9 knockout mice exhibit seizure-like activity together with increased frequency and amplitude of both spontaneous and miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These findings present a plausible mechanism for how the loss of ZDHHC9 function may contribute to XLID and epilepsy.
Establishing a pre-clinical growing animal model to test a tissue engineered valved pulmonary conduit (2020)

License number: ZH 284/14.
A Helical Region in the C Terminus of Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ Channels Controls Assembly with Apo-calmodulin (2002)

Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (SK) channels underlie the afterhyperpolarization that follows the action potential in many types of central neurons. SK channels are voltage-independent and gated solely by intracellular Ca(2+) in the submicromolar range. This high affinity for Ca(2+) results from Ca(2+)-independent association of the SK alpha-subunit with calmodulin (CaM), a property unique among the large family of potassium channels. Here we report the solution structure of the calmodulin binding domain (CaMBD, residues 396-487 in rat SK2) of SK channels using NMR spectroscopy. The CaMBD exhibits a helical region between residues 423-437, whereas the rest of the molecule lacks stable overall folding. Disruption of the helical domain abolishes constitutive association of CaMBD with Ca(2+)-free CaM, and results in SK channels that are no longer gated by Ca(2+). The results show that the Ca(2+)-independent CaM-CaMBD interaction, which is crucial for channel function, is at least in part determined by a region different in sequence and structure from other CaM-interacting proteins.
Calcium and fat metabolic balance, and gastrointestinal tolerance in term infants fed milk-based formulas with and without palm olein and palm kernel oils: a randomized blinded crossover study (2013)

Term infants fed PALM based formula (containing palm olein, palm kernel and canola oils) demonstrated lower calcium retention and fat absorption, and less softer stool consistency versus infants fed NoPALM based formula. Study suggested formula fat differences may affect GI function in infants.
Early markers of pancreas transplant rejection. (1992)

To compare the predictive value of urinary amylase (UA), urinary insulin (UI), and urinary prostaglandin (PGE2), whole pancreas isografts or allografts from (ACI rat donors, RT1a) with bladder drainage of exocrine secretions were performed in Lewis rats (RT1(1)) with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. UA, UI, PGE2 and plasma glucose levels were measured daily. Euglycemia was restored on Postoperative Day 1 in all the recipients of isografts (N = 6) and was maintained for over a year. UI concentrations and PGE2 outputs were stable, with low levels ranging between 0.3 +/- 0.2 to 7 +/- 2 ng/ml and 56 +/- 15 to 164 +/- 48 ng/24 hr, respectively, while UA levels were significantly elevated compared to normal controls (> 1,000 U/ml vs 29 +/- 16 U/ml). In the allograft group (N = 12), rejection occurred on Days 7 through 9, with a mean graft survival time of 8.1 +/- 0.1 days. UA dropped from a post-transplant peak of 2,422 +/- 353 U/ml on Postoperative Day 4 to below 1,380 +/- 256 U/ml 3 days before rejection (Day -3). UI increased to 83 +/- 16 ng/ml (P < 0.05) on Day -6 and reached a post-transplant peak of 140 +/- 24 ng/ml on Day -5, while PGE2 output rose from a pretransplant level of 18 +/- 2 to 92 +/- 25 ng/24 hr on Postoperative Day 1, followed by a significant elevation on Day 4 (-4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Journey to the Center of Biology (2000)

According to Eric Lander and Robert Weinberg, the greatest achievement in biology over the past millennium has been the elucidation of the mechanism of heredity. In this month9s essay, they chronicle this scientific adventure and its implications for 21st century biology. Their widely accessible tale spans from Gregor Mendel9s 19th century pea experiments, to the discovery of DNA, to today9s extraordinarily revealing arena of genomic science and technology.
Modified Pulse Shapes for Effective Neural Stimulation (2011)

The electrical stimulation of neuronal structures is used as a treatment for many neurological disorders, e.g., for the treatment of Parkinson's disease via deep brain stimulation (DBS). To reduce side effects, to avoid tissue or electrode damage, and to increase battery lifetimes, an effective but gentle electrical stimulation is of prime importance. We studied different modified pulse shapes for application in DBS with respect to their efficiency to initiate neuronal activity. Numerical simulations of two mathematical neuron models were performed to investigate the effectiveness of different modified pulse shapes. According to our results, the pulse shapes considered showed a considerably increased efficiency in terms of both activation and entrainment of neural activity. We found that the introduction of a gap with a specific and optimized duration in a biphasic pulse and the reversal of the standard pulse phase order yielded stimulation protocols that could increase the efficiency and therefore reduce the energy consumption of stimulation. The improvements were achieved by simple modifications of existing stimulation techniques. The modification of the pulse shapes resulted in an improvement of up to 50% for both the activation of resting neurons and the entrainment of bursting neurons.
Cortical enlargement in autism is associated with a functional VNTR in the monoamine oxidase A gene (2020)

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is an enzyme expressed in the brain that metabolizes dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin. Abnormalities of serotonin neurotransmission have long been implicated in the psychopathology of autism. A polymorphism exists within the promoter region of the MAOA gene that influences MAOA expression levels so that “low activity” alleles are associated with increased neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Individuals with autism often exhibit elevated serotonin levels. Additional studies indicate that the “low activity” allele may be associated with lower IQ and more severe autistic symptoms. In this study we genotyped the MAOA promoter polymorphism in a group of 29 males (age 2–3 years) with autism and a group of 39 healthy pediatric controls for whom brain MRI data was available. We found a consistent association between the “low activity” allele and larger brain volumes for regions of the cortex in children with autism but not in controls. We did not find evidence for over-transmission of the “low activity” allele in a separate sample of 114 affected sib pairfamilies. Nor did we find any unknown SNPs in yet another sample of 96 probands. Future studies will determine if there is a more severe clinical phenotype associated with both the “low activity” genotype and the larger brain volumes in our sample.
Advanced Reactors Thermal Energy Transport for Process Industries (2014)

The operation temperature of advanced nuclear reactors is generally higher than commercial light water reactors and thermal energy from advanced nuclear reactor can be used for various purposes such as liquid fuel production, district heating, desalination, hydrogen production, and other process heat applications, etc. Some of the major technology challenges that must be overcome before the advanced reactors could be licensed on the reactor side are qualification of next generation of nuclear fuel, materials that can withstand higher temperature, improvement in power cycle thermal efficiency by going to combined cycles, SCO2 cycles, successful demonstration of advanced compact heat exchangers in the prototypical conditions, and from the process side application the challenge is to transport the thermal energy from the reactor to the process plant with maximum efficiency (i.e., with minimum temperature drop). The main focus of this study is on doing a parametric study of efficient heat transport system, with different coolants (mainly, water, He, and molten salts) to determine maximum possible distance that can be achieved.
A NEW, ANGLE-INDEPENDENT, LOW-COST DOPPLER SYSTEM TO MEASURE DIALYSIS ACCESS BLOOD FLOW (2001)

Echoflow® is an angle independent Doppler flowmeter that measures blood flow velocity. The accuracy of Echoflow was compared with results from ultrasound examination using the Aspen duplex scanner (Acuson, Mountainview, CA) to measure dialysis access flow and its ability to detect access at high risk of failure. Patients on dialysis (n = 22) with 16 A-V fistulas and 6 A-V grafts were enrolled. All patients received initial ultrasound examination of their access by a registered technologist In each access, the two most suitable sites for flow measurement were selected by B-mode imaging and marked on the skin using indelible surgical marker. Flow velocities were measured repeatedly over each designated site both by Duplex and Echoflow. Subsequently, using Echoflow only, flow velocities were measured bi-weekly over the same segments. The mean flow velocities measured by Acuson and Echoflow were 82 ± 43 cm/sec and 56 ± 28 cm/sec, respectively. Comparison of flow velocities measured by Duplex vs. Echoflow demonstrated good correlation at all velocity ranges (coefficient 0.82), particularly in the clinically important low-velocity range. The Echoflow as a portable hand held device appears to be useful at predicting accesses at risk of failure and has practical advantages.
FIR modeling using log-bispectra: weighted least-squares algorithms and performance analysis (1991)

Identification of non-minimum-phase systems with finite impulse response (FIR) is addressed in the bispectrum domain. A bispectrum-based phase retrieval algorithm is modified to handle the phase wrapping problem and is extended to log-magnitude reconstruction. Both linear-equation-based estimators (the phase and the log-magnitude) are then combined to form an integrated, nonparametric system identification method. Weighted forms of the estimators that are asymptotically minimum-variance in the class of weighted least-squares estimators are developed. Asymptotic variance expressions are derived for both the weighted and the unweighted forms. Theory and simulations illustrate that these approaches can identify non-minimum-phase moving-average models, using output data that may be corrupted by additive Gaussian noise of unknown covariance. Due to their nonparametric nature, the proposed algorithms outperform existing linear equation cumulant-based modeling methods in the case of model order mismatch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A graphical variant approach to object-oriented modeling of dynamic systems (2007)

Graphical variant modeling refers to a novel approach to object-oriented modeling whereby a class overrides behavior inherited from a parent class by specifying variations in the graphical description of that behavior. This approach differs from conventional approaches wherein object behavior is overridden by replacing the entire description. This paper outlines the potential benefits of graphical variant modeling. It provides a detailed description of an experimental modeler, based on a declarative block diagram language, developed as a test bench for prototyping graphical variant modeling tools and verifying the benefits of the approach in industrial modeling applications. The paper ends with some preliminary conclusions about the potential benefits of graphical variant modeling based on the development and initial usage of the experimental modeler.
Modal analysis of noise in signal-processing-in-the-element detectors (1996)

Detector noise limits the performance of signal-processing-in-the-element detectors. For detectors to be optimized, an expression for the signal and noise must be found. The results of the eigenmode solution to the charge transport problem are used to derive the power spectral density of the noise in analytic form. This result is then coordinated with a similarly obtained modulation transfer function to yield a frequency-dependent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The SNR is used to reveal performance trends over several ranges of detector parameters. The most important result is that the contact boundary velocity strongly controls the SNR. The optimum SNR condition occurs when the contacts are not perfectly ohmic but exhibit a partially blocking behavior.
Compliant tin-based buffers for the growth of defect-free strained heterostructures on silicon (2006)

We describe the compliant behavior of Ge1−ySny buffer layers grown strain-free on Si(100). Deposition of lattice-mismatched epilayers on these buffers introduces significant strains in both systems. Ge1−x−y′SixSny′ and Ge1−xSix alloys are deposited on these buffers via reactions of designer hydrides to quantify these strains in detail. X-ray analysis reveals that Ge1−x−y′SixSny′∕Ge1−ySny and Ge1−xSix∕Ge1−ySny bilayers adopt strain states which minimize their combined elastic energy, as if the films were decoupled from the substrate. Compliant Ge1−ySny buffers thereby enable growth of highly mismatched Ge-rich semiconductors on Si and thus facilitate the long-sought on-chip integration of micro- and optoelectronic functions.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: Findings from the World Heart Federation COVID-19 Study (2022)

The LIC, LMIC, and UMIC's have sparse data on COVID-19. We provide robust evidence on COVID-19 outcomes in these countries. This study can help guide future health care planning for the pandemic globally.
The Significance of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after Penetrating Craniocerebral Injury (1993)

CERTAIN CLINICAL FACTORS are considered to have an effect on patient outcome after penetrating missile injury. These include bilateral hemispheric injury, ventricular hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, mass effect, and missile or bony fragmentation. The relationship of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after penetrating craniocerebral injury and outcome is unknown. In addition, controversy exists regarding the role of angiography and the incidence of traumatic intracranial aneurysm in this population. Finally, can we assume that the incidence of traumatic intracranial aneurysm is equal in military and civilian populations, given the absence of penetrating shrapnel injury in civilian populations? Now that computed tomography has supplanted angiography as the primary diagnostic modality, increasing vigilance on the part of the physician and examination of angiography in high-risk patients should allow for enhanced outcome. We evaluated 100 patients with a diagnosis of cerebral gunshot wound over a 12-month period. All patients were evaluated neurologically at the time of admission and had imaging studies. Thirty-one patients with radiological evidence of SAH on computed tomography underwent angiography. Angiograms were limited to the side of the injury in patients with single-lobe or unilateral multilobe injuries and were bilateral in patients with bilateral hemispheric involvement. One intracranial aneurysm (3.2%) was documented and treated surgically. In those patients who died within 48 hours of admission, 68% had SAH as compared with only 17% of those surviving. Outcome was based upon neurological evaluation at the time of discharge and at the time of clinical follow-up at 3 and 6 months. Of those patients admitted with SAH, one remained vegetative, four were severely disabled, five were moderately disabled, and three had good recovery. Eighteen patients died (68%). We report on a statistically significant correlation between SAH and poor outcome after penetrating injury (P < 0.001). We found no correlation between the presence of intracerebral hemorrhage and outcome. The incidence of traumatic intracranial aneurysm in our civilian series did not differ from that in large military populations, despite the absence of shrapnel injury.
Graphene: Modular Graphene-Based 3D Covalent Networks: Functional Architectures for Energy Applications (Small 8/2016) (2016)

On page 1044, P. Samorì and co-workers present the preparation of graphene-based 3D covalent networks (G3DCNs) with tunable interlayer distances. The G3DCNs are prepared via controlled polymerization of benzidines with graphene oxide at different reaction temperatures under catalyst- and template-free conditions. High-performance supercapacitors are also achieved using the reduced form of G3DCNs as electrodes.
Dynamics of electroforming in binary metal oxide-based resistive switching memory (2015)

The onset of localized conduction in TaOx- and TiOx-based resistive switching devices during forming has been characterized. The novel temperature and voltage dependencies of forming times were extracted with pulsed forming experiments that spanned five orders of magnitude in time and showed three different regimes of electroforming. A universal field-induced-nucleation theory which included self-heating effects was used to explain a strong reduction in forming voltage with increasing forming time over all observed regimes of electroforming. It was shown that the effective activation energy for the incubation time changes inversely proportional with the electric field. A diameter of the volatile filament that precedes forming was estimated at ∼1 nm.
Insights from Crystal Structures into the Opposite Effects on RNA Affinity Caused by the S- and R-6′-Methyl Backbone Modifications of 3′-Fluoro Hexitol Nucleic Acid (2011)

Locked nucleic acid (LNA) analogues with 2',4'-bridged sugars show promise in antisense applications. S-5'-Me-LNA has high RNA affinity, and modified oligonucleotides show weakened immune stimulation in vivo. Conversely, an R-5'-methyl group dramatically lowers RNA affinity. To test the effects of S- and R-6'-methyl groups on 3'-fluoro hexitol nucleic acid (FHNA) stability, we synthesized S- and R-6'-Me-FHNA thymidine and incorporated them into oligo-2'-deoxynucleotides. As with LNA, S-6'-Me is stabilizing whereas R-6'-Me is destabilizing. Crystal structures of 6'-Me-FHNA-modified DNAs explain the divergent consequences for stability and suggest convergent origins of these effects by S- and R-6'-Me (FHNA) [-5'-Me (LNA and RNA)] substituents.