gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-plant protection against Helicoverpa armigera by production of long hpRNA in chloroplasts (2016)

Expressing &lt;i&gt;double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)&lt;/i&gt; in transgenic plants to silence essential genes within herbivorous pests is referred to as trans-kingdom &lt;i&gt;RNA interference (TK-RNAi)&lt;/i&gt; and has emerged as a promising strategy for crop protection. However, the dicing of &lt;i&gt;dsRNA&lt;/i&gt; into &lt;i&gt;siRNAs&lt;/i&gt; by the plant’s intrinsic &lt;i&gt;RNAi&lt;/i&gt; machinery may reduce this pesticidal activity. Therefore, genetic constructs, encoding ∼200 nt duplex-stemmed-hairpin (hp) &lt;i&gt;RNAs&lt;/i&gt;, targeting the acetylcholinesterase gene of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, were integrated into either the nuclear or the chloroplast genome of Nicotiana benthamiana. Undiced, full-length &lt;i&gt;hpRNAs&lt;/i&gt; accumulated in transplastomic lines of N. benthamiana and conferred strong protection against H. armigera herbivory while the &lt;i&gt;hpRNAs&lt;/i&gt; of nuclear-transformed plants were processed into &lt;i&gt;siRNAs&lt;/i&gt; and gave more modest anti-feeding activity. This suggests that there is little or no &lt;i&gt;RNAi&lt;/i&gt; machinery or activity in the chloroplast, that &lt;i&gt;hpRNAs&lt;/i&gt; produced within this organelle do not enter the cytoplasm, and that oral delivery of chloroplast-packaged intact &lt;i&gt;hpRNA&lt;/i&gt; is a more effective means of delivering &lt;i&gt;TK-RNAi&lt;/i&gt; than using nuclear encoded &lt;i&gt;hpRNAs&lt;/i&gt;. This contrasts with a recently reported correlation between &lt;i&gt;siRNA&lt;/i&gt; expression and effectiveness of &lt;i&gt;TK-RNAi&lt;/i&gt; targeting the chitinase gene of H. armigera, but is consistent with reports of efficient &lt;i&gt;TK-RNAi&lt;/i&gt; by &lt;i&gt;dsRNA&lt;/i&gt; generated in chloroplasts by converging promoters flanking a pest gene sequence and from very small (21 nt-stem) &lt;i&gt;hpRNAs&lt;/i&gt; resembling artificial &lt;i&gt;miRNAs&lt;/i&gt;. Here we demonstrate that &lt;i&gt;hpRNAs&lt;/i&gt;, constructed along the conventional design principles of plant &lt;i&gt;RNAi&lt;/i&gt; constructs but integrated into the chloroplast genome, are stable and effective over multiple generations, and hold the promise of providing durable pest resistance in crops.
Synthesis of15N-Labelled D-Isovaline and α-Aminoisobutyric Acid (2000)

[15N]-D-isovaline was prepared from DL-[α-15N]-α-aminoisovaleramide by enzymatic resolution with Mycobacterium neoaurum. The 15N-isotope was introduced during the Strecker synthesis of its precursor, e.g. aminoisovaleronitrile. Attempts to prepare the amino nitrile precursor of [15N]-α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) led to a poor yield and loss of the label. Significantly, improved results were obtained when a cosolvent is present during formation of aminoisobutyronitrile.
Nanolayered Diamond Sintered Compact Obtained by Direct Conversion from Highly Oriented Graphite under High Pressure and High Temperature (2013)

A new type of polycrystalline sintered diamond has been successfully synthesized by direct conversion from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite at 15 GPa and 2300°C. It is optically transparent and consists entirely of layered nanocrystals (50–100 nm thick) of cubic diamond, which are tightly bound to each other and have strong [111] preferred orientation along the stacking direction. This nanolayered diamond has excellent indentation hardness (~114 GPa in Knoop scale) comparable to the highest values obtained from single crystalline diamond. Furthermore, it is expected to have significantly high wear resistance on both ends of cylindrical sintered compact, since the surfaces are terminated exclusively by the hardest {111} planes of the layered diamond nanocrystals.
Innate immune proteins as biomarkers for CNS injury: critical evaluation (WO2013119673 A1) (2014)

Although inflammasome proteins may be of great clinical significance in the near future, a more detailed analysis of inflammasome proteins needs to be taken into account for the prognosis and treatment of diverse CNS conditions. Moreover, the potential inflammasome biomarker candidates have to be validated in a large number of patients for an extended period post-injury to further support clinical relevance.
EFFICACY OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ON ORIGINAL AND RECURRENT RAT MAMMARY TUMORS (1995)

Photodynamic therapy has demonstrated efficacy toward primary, metastatic and recurrent human tumors. Here, we investigated the ability of photodynamic therapy, using Photofrin, to inhibit growth of R3230AC mammary adenocarcinomas when tumors were treated as original implants and again as lesions recurring at the initial treatment site. The results demonstrate that both initial implants and lesions recurring after the first photodynamic treatment respond similarly to the same photodynamic therapy protocol, with mean tumor volume doubling times of approximately 11 days in both cases. Cells cultured from original tumor implants or tumors that recurred after photodynamic treatment accumulate equivalent amounts of [14C]polyhematoporphyrin. Single cell suspensions prepared from either original or recurrent tumors from animals administered 5 mg/kg Photofrin and exposed to light in vitro displayed comparable phototoxicity. Additionally, examination of tumors by light microscopy revealed no morphological differences between the original tumor implants and the recurrent lesions. Taken together, these data indicate that lesions which recurred at the site of the initial photodynamic treatment were not resistant to a second identical course of photodynamic therapy.
Polymorphisms in FTO and MAF Genes and Birth Weight, BMI, Ponderal Index, Weight Gain in a Large Cohort of Infants with a Birth Weight below 1500 Grams (2013)

Since an association of the polymorphisms with weight gain has been demonstrated in multiple populations, the lack of association in a population of preterm infants with regular tube feeding after birth and highly controlled feeding volumes provides evidence for the hypothesis that these polymorphisms affect food intake behavior and hunger rather than metabolism and energy consumption.
A model of interface defect formation in silicon wafer bonding (2009)

A model of the defect formation at the bonding interface upon annealing in silicon wafer bonding is proposed in this paper. It is shown that the formation of the bonding defects depends on the thickness of the silicon oxide at the bonding interface. A mechanism of thermal voids formation is suggested based on the hydrogen solubility in amorphous silicon oxide. The interface gas quantity for various thicknesses of the buried oxide is predicted and good correlation with the experimental data is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Catalysis. Part 2. Artificial Enzyme Mimics (2014)

Abstract Review: 852 refs.
Antihuman immunoglobulin affinity immunoadsorption strongly decreases proteinuria in patients with relapsing nephrotic syndrome. (1998)

Approximately 20 to 30% of patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and focal glomerulosclerosis experience a relapse of their nephrotic syndrome after transplantation. Previously, it has been shown that ex vivo immunoadsorption on protein A strongly (although transiently) reduces proteinuria in relapsing patients. To investigate whether the factor(s) that give rise to albuminuria are bound directly to protein A in the immunoadsorption procedure or are part of a complex with Ig, four patients with relapse of focal glomerulosclerosis presenting as nephrotic syndrome after transplantation were treated, sequentially, using a (non-protein A) anti-Ig affinity column and a protein A column. This study reports that the effect on proteinuria of immunoadsorption using an anti-Ig immunoaffinity column is comparable in its magnitude and kinetics to that of immunoadsorption on protein A. The two procedures were also equally effective in depleting the relapsing patients' plasma of a factor capable of altering the albumin permselectivity of isolated glomeruli in vitro. This study demonstrates for the first time that immunoglobulins have a role in the nephrotic syndrome. In addition, the fact that the two different immunoadsorption procedures both resulted in the removal of the same putative albuminuric factor in these patients and that no autoreactivity of eluted immunoglobulins was observed on human tissues strongly suggests that the factor or factors that may be responsible for immediate nephrotic syndrome after transplantation are bound to an immunoglobulin. However, no firm evidence can be yet provided against a direct role of immunoglobulins.
Phospho-silicate glass gated 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor devices: Phosphorus concentration dependence (2016)

The correlation between phosphorus concentration in phospho-silicate glass (PSG) gate dielectrics and electrical properties of 4H-SiC MOS devices has been investigated. Varying P uptake in PSG is achieved by changing the POCl3 post-oxidation annealing temperature. The density of interface traps (Dit) at the PSG/4H-SiC interface decreases as the amount of interfacial P increases. Most significantly, the MOSFET channel mobility does not correlate with Dit for all samples, which is highly unusual for SiC MOSFETs. Further analysis reveals two types of field-effect mobility (μfe) behavior, depending on the annealing temperature. Annealing at 1000 °C improves the channel mobility most effectively, with a peak value ∼105 cm2 V−1 s−1, and results in a surface phonon scattering limited mobility at high oxide field. On the other hand, PSG annealed at other temperatures results in a surface roughness scattering limited mobility at similar field.
Early Signs of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Asians (2014)

There was a difference in the association between early signs of AMD and incident development of either typical AMD or PCV. Further research is warranted to determine whether pigmentary abnormalities alone may be an important risk factor for PCV in Asians.
Spatial and Temporal Channel Characteristics of 5G 3D Channel Model with Beamforming for User Mobility Investigations (2018)

High carrier frequencies are an integral part of the upcoming 5G mobile networks due to the available larger transmission bandwidths that offer high data rates and increase the quality of experience. To compensate for the high path loss at these frequencies, beamforming is applied, resulting in users connecting and switching between beams of the same or different cells. The current 3D channel models proposed for 5G are complex and have high computational complexity when used in user mobility investigations, which typically require long simulation time for collecting a statistically sufficient number of mobility events. From that perspective, simplified and computationally efficient channel models need to be developed that capture the relevant spatial and temporal correlations. Hence, the characteristics of the channel at these frequencies are investigated in this article for 28 GHz with respect to fast fading power envelope distribution, temporal variations, and spatial correlations among beams of the same cell. The investigations are carried out by simulating the 3GPP channel model defined in TR 38.901. Results reveal that for non-line-of-sight scenarios the beam signals follow, to some extent, similar statistical distribution and properties as conventional channel models (e.g., Jakes Doppler spectrum and Chi-square distribution for fast fading power envelope [1, 2]). Nevertheless, the distribution of the fast fading power envelope and autocorrelation function need to be adapted to consider the diversity gain resulting from multi-path and the increase in coherence time. The latter is caused by applying sectorization and beamforming that distort the uniform distribution of angle of arrival for the received ray, which may result in a reduced Doppler spread. Moreover, it has been shown that there is a spatial correlation between beams of the same cell, especially among those that are candidates for serving a user.
Applications of super capacitors for PMSG wind turbine power smoothing (2008)

The focus of this paper is wind power smoothing using super capacitors. Due to increasing penetration of the wind power in power system, the quality of the wind power has become a major concern to keep the stability of the power grid. One of the major problems of wind turbines is power fluctuations because of the wind speed oscillations. This paper studies the pros and cons of the integration of the super capacitors in the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine system. The dynamic of the wind turbine is developed to design a control algorithm for the wind turbine system. The system is simulated using PSIM software and the results are presented.
Characterization of new, efficient Mycobacterium tuberculosis topoisomerase-I inhibitors and their interaction with human ABC multidrug transporters (2018)

Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major worldwide health problem. In addition to the bacterial mechanisms, human drug transporters limiting the cellular accumulation and the pharmacological disposition of drugs also influence the efficacy of treatment. Mycobacterium tuberculosis topoisomerase-I (MtTopo-I) is a promising target for antimicrobial treatment. In our previous work we have identified several hit compounds targeting the MtTopo-I by in silico docking. Here we expand the scope of the compounds around three scaffolds associated with potent MtTopo-I inhibition. In addition to measuring the effect of newly generated compounds on MtTopo-I activity, we characterized the compounds' antimicrobial activity, toxicity in human cells, and interactions with human multidrug transporters. Some of the newly developed MtTopo-I inhibitors have strong antimicrobial activity and do not harm mammalian cells. Moreover, our studies revealed significant human ABC drug transporter interactions for several MtTopo-I compounds that may modify their ADME-Tox parameters and cellular effects. Promising new drug candidates may be selected based on these studies for further anti-TB drug development.
<title>WDM data links for broadband multimedia communications applications</title> (1996)

This paper discusses the development of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) communication systems for high- speed multimedia information delivery applications. This system multiplexes NTSC video, RGB video, audio, and network data (ATM/OC-3, FDDI) onto a single fiber to provide multimedia communications between remote locations.
Cover Image, Volume 38, Issue 4 (2018)

On the cover: The cover image, by Kenneth A. Jacobson et al., is based on the Review Article A3 Adenosine Receptors as Modulators of Inflammation: From Medicinal Chemistry to Therapy, https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21456.
Kinetic and Calorimetric Considerations in the Scale-Up of the Catalytic Reduction of a Substituted Nitrobenzene (1997)

A reaction calorimetric investigation was conducted to assess proposed scale-up conditions (30 psig, 10 °C, initial reactant concentration = 0.69 M, catalyst concentration of 6.66 × 10-3 g/g of reactant) for the batchwise reduction of a substituted nitrobenzene to give the corresponding aniline in the presence of H2, Pd/C catalyst, and ethyl acetate solvent. Heat evolution rates under these conditions were judged to be too large for safe plant operation. Alternative processing conditions were investigated, accounting for heat removal, pressure limitations, and gas−liquid mass transfer rates in the plant equipment as well as differences in reactivity between plant- and laboratory-prepared reactants. The recommended conditions (30 psig, 20 °C, and catalyst concentration of 7.53 × 10-3 g/g of reactant) were employed in the pilot plant, which resulted in conversion rates almost identical to those in the laboratory reactor, demonstrating the value of reaction calorimetry for scaling up a highly exothermic reaction without byproduct formation. Major improvements over the originally proposed process included operation at 20 °C to take advantage of the greater cooling capacity and decreasing the batch holding time by more than 35% with the additional constraints imposed by mass transfer. Additional experiments using nitrobenzene reactant demonstrated that water produced by the reaction promotes catalyst activity; in reactions where no water was initially present, a maximum was observed in the reaction rate, whereas a monotonically decreasing rate was observed for a 0.44 M initial water concentration.
Bandwidth simulations of 10 Gb/s avalanche photodiodes (2002)

We have described numerical results of a high-bandwidth design of an InGaAs/InP APD without sacrifice in reliability and manufacturability. A thinner multiplication layer reduces avalanche time, and the optimised absorption layer thickness manages the speed trade-off between (i) the high avalanche gain required of a thin absorption layer and (ii) the hole and secondary electron transit times of a thick absorption layer. One-dimensional simulation suggests the possibility of good control of edge breakdown with an optimized design. Substantial further improvement in bandwidth is likely to require alternate design approaches such as a different material (e.g., Si or InAlAs) for the multiplication region and/or an optical waveguide structure.
Personalized Medicine : Optimization of EPO Dosing (2017)

The project concerns the use of optimal control methods for computation of EPO (Erythropoietin) doses in hemodialysis patients.
Phase I trial of bevacizumab combined with concurrent chemoradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Preliminary outcome results. (2011)

5518 Background: A Phase I trial has been completed to examine the safety and feasibility of combining bevacizumab (bev) with radiation and cisplatin in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). We assessed the capacity of bev monotherapy to induce tumor response as measured by functional imaging and biomarker evaluation. We report preliminary clinical outcome as well as correlative imaging and biomarker results. Methods: All patients underwent experimental imaging [FLT-PET (proliferation), CuATSM-PET (hypoxia), DCE-CT scans (flow/perfusion)] and biomarker evaluation prior to bev monotherapy. At three weeks, repeat tumor biopsy and imaging/serum studies were performed. Comprehensive H&N chemoradiation (CRT) was then delivered to 70 Gy in 33 fractions with concurrent weekly cisplatin at 30 mg/m2 and Q3 week bev (wks 1, 4, 7) with dose escalation from 5 to 10 to 15 mg/kg. Results: Between 2007-2010, ten LA-HNSCC pts were enrolled. All had stage IV HNSCC and remain alive (9 NED) with a mean survival of 22.4 months. There have been two recurrences at 15 and 16 months respectively. Nine patients experienced grade 3 toxicity (dysphagia-9, mucositis-7, tumor pain-3, weight loss-4, nausea/vomiting-2), with two cases of grade 4 lymphopenia. No significant bleeding was observed. Tumor proliferation (FLT) following bev monotherapy and at mid-course showed significant reduction (p<0.05). Tumor hypoxia (Cu-ATSM) showed minimal change following bev alone, but showed reduction during CRT. AQUA histology confirmed reduction in VEGFR2 expression from tumor biopsies following bev therapy. Conclusions: The incorporation of bev with comprehensive CRT for LA-HNSCC appears safe and feasible. Several patients manifested tumor regression following administration of bev alone. Three patients experienced pronounced tumor pain early in the treatment course. Experimental imaging and biomarker evaluation demonstrated clear changes following bev alone and during CRT. These findings may afford opportunities to forecast clinical outcome for individual patients and thereby tailor therapy approaches in future clinical trials.
Bias and variability of diagnostic spectral parameters extracted from closing sounds produced by bioprosthetic valves implanted in the mitral position (1989)

A method is proposed to estimate the bias and variability of eight diagnostic spectral parameters extracted from mitral closing sounds produced by bioprosthetic heart valves. These spectral parameters are: the frequency of the dominant (F1) and second dominant (F2) spectral peaks, the highest frequency of the spectrum found at -3 dB (F-3), -10 dB (F-10) and -20 dB (F-20) below the highest peak, the relative integrated area above -20 dB of the dominant peak (RIA20), the bandwidth at -3 dB of the dominant spectral peak (BW3), and the ratio of F1 divided by BW3 (Q1). The bias and variability of four spectral techniques were obtained by comparing parameters extracted from each technique with the parameters of a spectral "standard." This "standard" consisted of 19 normal mitral sound spectra computed analytically by evaluating the Z transform of a sum of decaying sinusoids on the unit circle. Truncation of the synthesized mitral signals and addition of random noise were used to simulate the physiological characteristics of the closing sounds. Results show that the fast Fourier transform method with rectangular window provides the best estimates of F1 and Q1, that the Steiglitz-McBride method with maximum entropy (pole-zero modeling with four poles and four zeros) can best evaluate F2, F-20, RIA20 and BW3, and that the all-pole modeling with covariance method (16 poles) is best suited to compute F-3. It was also shown that both the all-pole modeling and the Steiglitz-McBride methods can be used to estimate F-10. It is concluded that a single algorithm would not provide the best estimates of all spectral parameters.
Discovery of Insulin/GLP-1/Glucagon Triagonists for the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity (2022)

The combination of insulin and incretin-based therapies has emerged as a potential promising tactic for the treatment of diabetes. Here we report the first example of a unimolecular triagonist to simultaneously target insulin, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors, aiming for better glycemic control and superior weight loss. The strategy for constructing such a unimolecular triagonist is the conjugation of the insulin moiety and GLP-1R/GCGR coagonist peptide via alkyne-azide click chemistry. Two tractable series differentiated by insulin conjugation sites, B1<sup>F</sup> and B29<sup>K</sup>, were identified. Triagonist <b>13</b> prepared through the conjugation at insulin B1<sup>F</sup> and position 24 of GLP-1R/GCGR coagonist exhibited insulin activity comparable to that of insulin degludec and potent and balanced GLP-1R and GCGR activities. Pharmacokinetic profiles of <b>13</b> in both rat and minipig were also discussed.