gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Control of Rotating Stall and Surge in High-Speed Multistage Compression Systems (1998)

Aeroengines operate in regimes for which both rotating stall and surge impose low-flow operability limits. Thus, active control strategies designed to enhance operability of aeroengines must address both rotating stall and surge as well as their interaction. In this paper, a previously developed nonlinear control strategy that achieves simultaneous active control of rotating stall and surge is applied to a high-speed three-stage axial flow compression system with operating parameters representative of modern aeroengines. The controller is experimentally validated for two compressor builds and its robustness to radial distortion assessed. For actuation, the control strategy utilizes an annulus-averaged bleed valve with bandwidth on the order of the rotor frequency. For sensing, measurements of the circumferential asymmetry and annulus-averaged unsteadiness of the flow through the compressor are used. Experimental validation of simultaneous control of rotating stall and surge in a high-speed environment with minimal sensing and actuation requirements is viewed as another important step toward applying active control to enhance operability of compression systems in modern aeroengines.
The high stability of intermediate radicals enhances the radical-scavenging activity of aminochromanols (2012)

The hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity of the amino-substituted α-tocopherol analogues was much higher than that of α-tocopherol. Aminochromanoxyl radicals generated from 5- and 7-aminochromanol were successfully detected in aqueous solution at room temperature during ESR measurements. The stability of the aminochromanoxyl radicals leads to a significant enhancement of the radical-scavenging activity.
DPTIP, a newly identified potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase 2 inhibitor, regulates astrocyte-peripheral immune communication following brain inflammation (2018)

Abstract Brain injury and inflammation induces a local release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from astrocytes carrying proteins, RNAs, and microRNAs into the circulation. When these vesicles reach the liver, they stimulate the secretion of cytokines that mobilize peripheral immune cell infiltration into the brain, which can cause secondary tissue damage and impair recovery. Recent studies suggest that suppression of EV biosynthesis through neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) inhibition may represent a new therapeutic strategy. Unfortunately, currently available nSMase2 inhibitors exhibit low potency (IC 50 ≥ 1 μM), poor solubility and/or limited brain penetration. Through a high throughput screening campaign of &gt;365,000 compounds against human nSMase2 we identified 2,6- D imethoxy-4-(5- P henyl-4- T hiophen-2-yl-1H- I midazol-2-yl)- P henol (DPTIP), a potent (IC 50 30 nM), selective, metabolically stable, and brain penetrable (AUC brain /AUC plasma = 0.26) nSMase2 inhibitor. DPTIP dose-dependently inhibited EV release in primary astrocyte cultures. In a mouse model of brain injury conducted in GFAP-GFP mice, DPTIP potently (10 mg/kg IP) inhibited IL-1β-induced astrocyte-derived EV release (51 ± 13%; p &lt; 0.001). This inhibition led to a reduction of cytokine upregulation in liver and attenuation of the infiltration of immune cells into the brain (80 ± 23%; p &lt; 0.01). A structurally similar but inactive analog had no effect in vitro or in vivo .
Salivary biomarkers in association with periodontal parameters and the periodontitis risk haplotype (2018)

Genetic factors play a role in periodontitis. Here we examined whether the risk haplotype of MHC class III region BAT1-NFKBIL1-LTA and lymphotoxin-α polymorphisms associate with salivary biomarkers of periodontal disease. A total of 455 individuals with detailed clinical and radiographic periodontal health data were included in the study. A 610 K genotyping chip and a Sequenom platform were used in genotyping analyses. Phospholipid transfer protein activity, concentrations of lymphotoxin-α, IL-8 and myeloperoxidase, and a cumulative risk score (combining Porphyromonas gingivalis, IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase-8) were examined in saliva samples. Elevated IL-8 and myeloperoxidase concentrations and cumulative risk scores associated with advanced tooth loss, deepened periodontal pockets and signs of periodontal inflammation. In multiple logistic regression models adjusted for periodontal parameters and risk factors, myeloperoxidase concentration (odds ratio (OR); 1.37, P = 0.007) associated with increased odds for having the risk haplotype and lymphotoxin-α concentration with its genetic variants rs2857708, rs2009658 and rs2844482. In conclusion, salivary levels of IL-8, myeloperoxidase and cumulative risk scores associate with periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction, while those of myeloperoxidase and lymphotoxin-α associate with genetic factors as well.
Synthesis of Tri‐ or Tetrasubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives through the [5+1] Annulation of Enamidines with either N,N‐Dimethylformamide Dialkyl Acetals or Orthoesters and Their Application in a Ring Transformation of Pyrimidines to Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐one Derivatives (2011)

The [5+1] annulation of enamidines, which were prepared from functionalized silanes, organolithium compounds and two nitriles, with N,N-dimethylformamide dialkyl acetals as the C1 unit is described, leading to the synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted pyrimidine derivatives under catalyst- and solvent-free reaction conditions. Furthermore, the [5+1] annulation of enamidines by using orthoesters as the C1 unit is described, in which catalytic amounts of ZnBr(2) catalyze the annulation to produce polysubstituted pyrimidines under toluene or xylene reflux conditions. Moreover, the combination of a reductive ring-opening reaction with [Mo(CO)(6)] and a subsequent intramolecular cyclization with tBuOK effectively causes a skeletal transformation from the pyrimidines containing an isoxazolyl and an ethoxy substituent to form pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one frameworks in excellent yield.
LU Factorization of Small Matrices: Accelerating Batched DGETRF on the GPU (2014)

Gaussian Elimination is commonly used to solve dense linear systems in scientific models. In a large number of applications, a need arises to solve many small size problems, instead of few large linear systems. The size of each of these small linear systems depends on the number of the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) used in the model, and can be on the order of hundreds of unknowns. To efficiently exploit the computing power of modern accelerator hardware, these linear systems are processed in batches. To improve the numerical stability, at least partial pivoting is required, most often accomplished with row pivoting. However, row pivoting can result in a severe performance penalty on GPUs because it brings in thread divergence and non-coalesced memory accesses. In this paper, we propose a batched LU factorization for GPUs by using amulti-level blocked right looking algorithm that preserves the data layout but minimizes the penalty of partial pivoting. Our batched LU achieves up to 2.5-fold speedup when compared to the alternative CUBLAS solution on a K40c GPU.
The Bohr–Einstein ‘‘weighing-of-energy’’ debate and the principle of equivalence (1990)

The Bohr–Einstein debate over the ‘‘weighing of energy’’ and the validity of the time–energy uncertainty relation is reexamined in the context of gravitation theories that do not respect the equivalence principle. Bohr’s use of the equivalence principle is shown to be sufficient, but not necessary, to establish the validity of this uncertainty relation in Einstein’s ‘‘weighing-of-energy’’ gedanken experiment. The uncertainty relation is shown to hold in any energy-conserving theory of gravity, and so a failure of the equivalence principle does not engender a failure of quantum mechanics. The relationship between the gravitational redshift and the equivalence principle is reviewed.
Atomic layer deposition of thin film laminates and solid solutions – the case of zinc tin oxide (2013)

Atomic layer deposition of thin film laminates and solid solutions – the case of zinc tin oxide
Doubling Ty1 element copy number in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: host genome stability and phenotypic effects. (1991)

Haploid yeast strains bearing approximately double the normal number of Ty1 elements have been constructed using marked GAL/Ty1 fusion plasmids. The strains maintain their high transposon copy number and overall genome structure in the absence of selection. The strains bearing extra Ty1 copies are surprisingly similar phenotypically to the parental strain. The results suggest that the limit to transposon copy number, if any, has not been reached. When these strains are crossed by wild-type strains (i.e., bearing the normal complement of Ty1 elements) or by strains of opposite mating type also bearing excess Ty1 elements, normal to very slightly reduced spore viability is observed, indicating that increasing the extent of transposon homology scattered around the genome does not result in significant increases in frequency of ectopic reciprocal recombination. The results suggest that yeast cells have evolved mechanisms for coping with excess transposon copies in the genome.
Dispersionless and dispersion-controlled optical dielectric metasurfaces (2023)

Metasurfaces comprise an array of pillars in a lattice. The dimensions of the pillars and the spacing are varied to obtain desired optical properties. The dispersionless metasurfaces can focus optical light over a broad wavelength range. Specific dispersion profiles for the metasurfaces can be designed. Gratings can be fabricated having similar properties as the array of pillars. Pillars in the metasurfaces can have different cross-section profiles.
Error analysis of sparkle contrast by applying image subtraction method (2022)

Abstract Measurement error of sparkle contrast was investigated by applying image subtraction method. The sparkle contrast was measured by changing the region of interest (ROI) and the imaging F‐number, while the measurement distance was fixed. The statistical error was dependent on the size of the ROI. It was suppressed when the ROI was over 100 × 100 LMD pixels under the condition which the intensity modulation of the image of the display matrix elements optically disappeared on the LMD sensor plane by choosing the specific combination of the effective F‐number of the imaging lens, the pitch of the display matrix element, and the optical magnification. The ratio of the intensity standard deviation of the subtracted image to that of the original image could be used as an error indicator of the statistical error by insufficient sampling points. It could also be used for analyzing the error caused by the low‐frequency intensity variations within the ROI. In case that the low‐frequency intensity variations were not eliminated from the measured sparkle pattern, the sparkle contrast kept changing with increasing the ROI. The error indicator was not converged to the certain value even if the size of the ROI was over 100 × 100 LMD pixels.
A Grant-Based Experiment to Train Clinical Investigators: The AACR/ASCO Methods in Clinical Cancer Research Workshop (2021)

To address the need for clinical investigators in oncology, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) and American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) established the Methods in Clinical Cancer Research Workshop (MCCRW). The workshop's objectives were to: (i) provide training in the methods, design, and conduct of clinical trials; (ii) ensure that clinical trials met federal and international ethical guidelines; (iii) evaluate the effectiveness of the workshop; and (iv) create networking opportunities for young investigators with mentoring senior faculty. Educational methods included: (i) didactic lectures, (ii) Small Group Discussion Sessions, (iii) Protocol Development Groups, and (iv) one-on-one mentoring. Learning focused on the development of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-ready protocol, which was submitted on the last day of the workshop. Evaluation methods included: (i) pre- and postworkshop tests, (ii) students' workshop evaluations, (iii) faculty's ratings of protocol development, (iv) students' productivity in clinical research after the workshop, and (v) an independent assessment of the workshop. From 1996 to 2014, 1,932 students from diverse backgrounds attended the workshop. There was a significant improvement in the students' level of knowledge from the pre- to the postworkshop exams (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Across the classes, student evaluations were very favorable. At the end of the workshop, faculty rated 92% to 100% of the students' protocols as ready for IRB submission. Intermediate and long-term follow-ups indicated that more than 92% of students were actively involved in patient-related research, and 66% had implemented five or more protocols. This NCI-sponsored MCCRW has had a major impact on the training of clinicians in their ability to design and implement clinical trials in cancer research.
Zwitterionic Polymerization of Lactide to Cyclic Poly(Lactide) by Using N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysts (2007)

Closing the loop: The zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization of lactide in the presence of N-heterocyclic carbenes generates well-defined cyclic poly(lactide) (see scheme). The polymerization is rapid and produces macrocyclic polymers with high purity and exceptional control of molecular weight and polydispersity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z604740_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Metal-free synthesis of 3,3′-bisindolylmethanes in water using Ph3C+[B(C6F5)4]− as the pre-catalyst (2022)

We described an efficient catalytic species generated from Ph 3 C + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] − by the water mediated Friedel–Crafts type reaction of indoles with carbonyl compounds to access 3,3′-bisindolylmethanes (BIMs).
Brain-Inspired Computing with Spintronics Devices (2018)

Neural networks and artificial intelligence utilizing artificial neurons and synapses are attracting much attention. Spintronic devices are considered to be suitable for mimicking artificial synapses and artificial neurons because of nonvolatility of information and rich nonlinearity of spin dynamics. We focused on the nonlinearity of spin dynamics and formed a virtual artificial neural network by using the time multiplexing method. By using reservoir computing for learning rules, we succeeded in speech recognition with a high recognition rate of 99.6%. These results pave the way for hardware implementation of artificial intelligence.
Optimization of Burnable Poison-Loading in a PWR with Carbon Coated Particle Fuel (2002)

With the growth in population and energy demand for not only electricity but also ordinary heat source for human lives on the one hand, the global climate crisis on the other hand, we have to establish consensus of available energy resources in accordance with sustainable development. With regards to this fact, effective use of nuclear energy is indispensable. From this point of view, an innovative PWR concept that uses carbon-coated particle fuels moderated by graphite as that of HTGR but cooled by pressurized light water has been studied. The aim of this concept is to take both the best advantages of fuel integrity against fission products release and the reliability of PWR technology based on the long operational experience. The purpose of this study is to optimize loading pattern of burnable poison (BP) in the proposed core in order to suppress excess reactivity during a cycle. Although there are many parameters to be determined for optimization of the usage of BP, the emphasis is put here on loading patterns of Gadolinia in an assembly and in the core. We investigated the burnup characteristics of the core varying the amount of BP in a fuel rod, the number of BP-rods inmore » an assembly, and the number of BP-assemblies in the core. The result suggested that Gadolinia was more suitable for this reactor than Boron as BP, and it was possible to make the reactivity swing negligible by combining at least three kinds of BP-assemblies in which the amount of Gadolinia was different. Therefore the requirement for the number of control rods was reduced and it meant that Control Rod Programming would become easier. (authors)« less
Living copolymerization of ethylene with 4-methyl-1-pentene by an α-diimine Ni(ii)/Et2AlCl catalyst: synthesis of diblock copolymers via sequential monomer addition (2012)

Living copolymerization of ethylene (E) with 4-methyl-1-pentene (4M1P) by an α-diimine Ni(II) complex and Et2AlCl as an activator is reported. The living nature of the polymerization was exploited to prepare poly(E-co-4M1P)-block-poly(1-hexene) with low polydispersity index (Mw/Mn ≈ 1.20) and qualitatively good elastomeric properties.
The Reliability of Fitts’s Law as a Movement Model for People with and without Limited Fine Motor Function (2020)

For over six decades, Fitts’s law (1954) has been utilized by researchers to quantify human pointing performance in terms of “throughput,” a combined speed-accuracy measure of aimed movement efficiency. Throughput measurements are commonly used to evaluate pointing techniques and devices, helping to inform software and hardware developments. Although Fitts’s law has been used extensively in HCI and beyond, its test-retest reliability, both in terms of throughput and model fit, from one session to the next, is still unexplored. Additionally, despite the fact that prior work has shown that Fitts’s law provides good model fits, with Pearson correlation coefficients commonly at r=.90 or above, the model fitness of Fitts’s law has not been thoroughly investigated for people who exhibit limited fine motor function in their dominant hand. To fill these gaps, we conducted a study with 21 participants with limited fine motor function and 34 participants without such limitations. Each participant performed a classic reciprocal pointing task comprising vertical ribbons in a 1-D layout in two sessions, which were at least four hours and at most 48 hours apart. Our findings indicate that the throughput values between the two sessions were statistically significantly different, both for people with and without limited fine motor function, suggesting that Fitts’s law provides low test-retest reliability. Importantly, the test-retest reliability of Fitts’s throughput metric was 4.7% lower for people with limited fine motor function. Additionally, we found that the model fitness of Fitts’s law as measured by Pearson correlation coefficient, r, was .89 (SD=0.08) for people without limited fine motor function, and .81 (SD=0.09) for people with limited fine motor function. Taken together, these results indicate that Fitts’s law should be used with caution and, if possible, over multiple sessions, especially when used in assistive technology evaluations.
Brain Inflammation in Alzheimer Disease and the Therapeutic Implications (1999)

Immunohistochemical studies suggested the existence of a chronic inflammatory condition in affected regions of the brain in Alzheimer disease (AD). Since inflammation can be damaging to host tissue, it was hypothesized that antiinflammatory drugs might inhibit both the onset and the progression of AD. This hypothesis is supported by a number of epidemiological studies suggesting that the prevalence of AD in persons is reduced by 40 - 50% in persons using antiinflammatory drugs. In one small pilot trial in early AD, the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug indomethacin appeared to halt the progressive memory loss. Immunohistochemical and molecular biological studies on immune system components in AD brain are revealing the complexities of the innate immune reaction. This very complexity may offer points of therapeutic intervention for new types of antiinflammatory agents. The complement system, microglia and cytokines are key components. This review summarizes the present state of knowledge on the immune system elements found in AD brain.
Slat Noise Control Using a Slat Gap Filler (2020)

The leading edge slat of a high-lift system is one of the main noise contributors on many commercial aircraft during approach. This paper continues our previous studies on the gap filler for passive noise control on the 30P30N high-lift airfoil. An improved implementation of the gap filler was applied to minimize the effects of flow leakage encountered in the previous work, which resulted in spurious noise content in the far-field acoustic spectra. To evaluate the effect of passive flow control on the acoustics generated by the unsteady flow field, anechoic wind tunnel experiments are conducted on the two-dimensional, three-element high-lift airfoil with a gap filler mounted to the slat. The slat geometry modification associated with the gap filler alters the flow field in the cove region that dominates the generation of the acoustic field. A single angle of attack (alpha_k = 8 deg�) and three flow speeds corresponding to Reynolds numbers of Re_c = 1�.2e6, 1.�5e6, and 1�.71e6 are selected as the test conditions. Steady surface pressure measurements are conducted to assess the effect of the treatments on the overall lift. Acoustic array measurements are used to evaluate the influence of the gap filler on the radiated noise. Delay and Sum beamforming is applied to locate the noise sources on the model and to provide the integrated spectra. The gap filler is found to eliminate the narrowband peaks in the acoustic spectra and, also, to yield a 10 dB reduction in the broadband noise in comparison with the baseline case. Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry results show that the flow features are significantly altered with the presence of the gap filler, which leads to a more stable slat cove shear layer and, thus, to weaker pressure and velocity fluctuations.
Circularly Polarized Shared Aperture Reflectarray and Patch Antenna Array for S- and Ka-Band (2022)

This paper presents a circularly polarized dual-band shared aperture antenna for satellite applications. The antenna achieves dual S- and Ka-band operation by housing both a circularly polarized high-frequency reflectarray and a circularly polarized low-frequency patch antenna array in the same aperture area. The high-frequency reflectarray part of the antenna has unit elements within the aperture area of the low-frequency patch antenna array which allows for a high realized high-frequency gain. The antenna has a layered structure with a middle layer of Polypropylene, this enables the low-frequency part of the antenna to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth and a high realized gain. The antenna has a total size of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$136\times 136\ \text{mm}$</tex> and the three layers of the reflective surface have a total height of 4.624 mm. The antenna has an impedance bandwidth of more than 415 MHz (12%) and 4.75 GHz (19%) and a peak realized gain of 14.80 dBi and 26.68 dBi at 3.5 GHz and 25.4 GHz, respectively.