gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erratum to “General Approach to First-Order Error Prediction in Rigid Point Registration” [Mar 11 679-693] (2011)

Presents the revised text for two paragraphs from the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 679-693, Mar. 2011).
Structure/function studies on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. (1992)

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily which interacts with the integrin very late antigen-4 (VLA4). The VCAM1/VLA4 interaction mediates both adhesion and signal transduction and is thought to play an important role in inflammatory and immune responses in vivo. The major form of human VCAM1 contains seven extracellular Ig-like domains, with domain 1 designated as the most N-terminal. We have examined the relationship between human VCAM1 structure and function using a combination of domain truncation mutants and proteolytic fragmentation of recombinant soluble VCAM1. We have characterized two regions of VCAM1, localized to domains 4 and 5, which are highly sensitive to proteolytic cleavage, localized the epitope of the blocking monoclonal antibody 4B9 to domain 1, and found that domains 1-3 are sufficient for both its adhesive function and its ability to initiate T cell activation.
Real users, real data, real problems (2002)

The MiTAP (MITRE Text and Audio Processing) system [13] is a prototype for monitoring infectious disease outbreaks and other global threats. MiTAP focuses on providing timely, multi-lingual, global information access to analysts, medical experts and individuals involved in humanitarian assistance and relief work. Multiple information sources in multiple languages are automatically captured, filtered, translated, summarized, and categorized into searchable newsgroups. Critical information is automatically extracted and tagged to facilitate browsing, searching, and sorting.

The demonstration highlights how different users cull different kinds of information from the MiTAP system. Some use it in order to track disease outbreak; others have been using it to monitor economic and political situations worldwide.
Current crowding and optical saturation effects in GaInN/GaN LEDs grown on insulating substrates (2001)

Current crowding in mesa-structure GaInN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on insulating substrates is analyzed. A model developed reveals an exponential decrease of the current density with distance from the mesa edge. Devices with stripe- shaped mesa geometry display current crowding and a saturation of the optical output power at high injection currents. It is shown that the optical power saturation depends on the device geometry. It is also shown that saturation is less pronounced in LEDs employing a ring-shaped mesa geometry, which reduces current crowding, as compared to the conventional square- shaped mesa geometry.
Extended spectral analysis of internal quantum efficiency (2002)

A powerful new method for identifying the performance-limiting mechanisms in silicon solar cells has been developed and tested at Sandia. This method uses the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the device at both near-infrared and near-bandgap wavelengths. The conventional interpretation of IQE is expanded to accommodate textured surfaces and long diffusion lengths, and extended to near-bandgap wavelengths where internal optical effects play an important role. This paper describes how the information available from this extended analysis can be used to obtain a value for the internal optical reflectance of the back surface, and to separate the effects of diffusion length from back-surface recombination. Results from experimental tests verify the method. The information obtained can be used to compute recombination components for the cell, and to quantify the light-trapping effectiveness of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantified Binding Scale of Competing Ligands at the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles: The Role of Entropy and Intermolecular Forces (2017)

A basic understanding of the driving forces for the formation of multiligand coronas or self-assembled monolayers over metal nanoparticles is mandatory to control and predict the properties of ligand-protected nanoparticles. Herein, <sup>1</sup> H nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and advanced density functional theory (DFT) modeling are combined to highlight the key parameters defining the efficiency of ligand exchange on dispersed gold nanoparticles. The compositions of the surface and of the liquid reaction medium are quantitatively correlated for bifunctional gold nanoparticles protected by a range of competing thiols, including an alkylthiol, arylthiols of varying chain length, thiols functionalized by ethyleneglycol units, and amide groups. These partitions are used to build scales that quantify the ability of a ligand to exchange dodecanethiol. Such scales can be used to target a specific surface composition by choosing the right exchange conditions (ligand ratio, concentrations, and particle size). In the specific case of arylthiols, the exchange ability scale is exploited with the help of DFT modeling to unveil the roles of intermolecular forces and entropic effects in driving ligand exchange. It is finally suggested that similar considerations may apply to other ligands and to direct biligand synthesis.
A distinct freshwater‐adapted subgroup of ANME‐1 dominates active archaeal communities in terrestrial subsurfaces in Japan (2011)

Anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) are known to play an important role in methane flux, especially in marine sediments. The 16S rRNA genes of ANME have been detected in terrestrial freshwater subsurfaces. However, it is unclear whether ANME are actively involved in methane oxidation in these environments. To address this issue, Holocene sediments in the subsurface of the Kanto Plain in Japan were collected for biogeochemical and molecular analysis. The potential activity of the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) (0.38-3.54 nmol cm⁻³ day⁻¹) was detected in sediment slurry incubation experiments with a (13) CH(4) tracer. Higher AOM activity was observed in low-salinity treatment compared with high-salinity condition (20‰), which supports the adaptation of ANME in freshwater habitats. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis clearly revealed the presence of a distinct subgroup of ANME-1, designated ANME-1a-FW. Phylogenetic analysis of the mcrA genes also implied the presence of the distinct subgroup in ANME-1. ANME-1a-FW was found to be the most dominant active group in the archaeal communities on the basis of 16S rRNA analysis (75.0-93.8% of total archaeal 16S rRNA clones). Sulfate-reducing bacteria previously known as the syntrophic bacterial partners of ANME-1 was not detected. Our results showed that ANME-1a-FW is adapted to freshwater habitats and is responsible for AOM in terrestrial freshwater subsurface environments.
Investigation of fracture toughness of cryogenic high strength stainless steel weld deposits. (1989)

The weld deposits of 17.5Cr-16.5Ni-6.5Mn-2.3Mo system was previously investigated using SMA welding process for the welding construction of superconducting coil container which was used at cryogenic temperature. The combination of yield strength and fracture toughness was not sufficiently attained by the SMA weld deposits. The fracture toughness was about 150MPa√m when the yield strength was controlled to be 1000 MPa for the weld deposits at 4.2K. It is very desirable to increase the fracture toughness of the weld deposits without decrease of the yield strength for the application to the container.The fracture surface of the JIC test specimen of the weld deposit entirely consisted of dimples. So, the crack extension of the weld deposits is thought to be dominated by the nucleation and growth of the void in the vicinity of'the crack tip. In order to increase the fracture toughness, it should be effective to decrease the distribution density of inclusions in the weld deposits. Then, TIG and MIG Welding processes were applied to vary the distribution of inclusions in the weld deposits which have the same chemical composition as above mensioned and have the yield strength of about 1000 MPa.The relationship between the fracture toughness and inclusion spacing in the weld deposits was investigated. The results of the investigations are summerised as follows: (1)Fracture toughness increases with the increase in the inclusion spacing in the weld deposits, (2)The inclusion spacing in the weld deposits was longest for the TIG process, medium for the MIG process and shortest for the SMA process.
Graphene: Super Gas Barrier and Selectivity of Graphene Oxide‐Polymer Multilayer Thin Films (Adv. Mater. 4/2013) (2013)

A flexible and transparent gas barrier remains a key challenge for high performance food and flexible electronics packaging. A transparent nanobrick wall of graphene oxide nanoplatelets and polyethylenimine (< 100 nm thick), deposited using the layer-by-layer assembly technique, reduces the oxygen permeability of PET film by orders of magnitude, as reported by Jaime C. Grunlan and co-workers on page 503. The cover image, by graphic designer David Feagan, conceptually highlights the ability of this nanobrick wall to block the passage of oxygen.
Toward Deeply Virtualized Elastic Optical Networks (2013)

We discuss the virtualization in optical networks from the elastic networking level to sliceable equipment level. We propose a novel transport system architecture based on equipment level virtualization that achieves fine granular sub-port level grooming in the optical domain.
Abstract B272: The novel PIM kinase inhibitor SGI-1776 significantly enhances the preclinical activity of sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma (2009)

Abstract The PIM kinases (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) are constitutively active serine/threonine kinases that promote tumorigenesis in mouse models and are associated with drug resistance. Upregulation of PIM kinase expression has been reported in many malignancies including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), suggesting that inhibition of PIM kinase activity may be an attractive therapeutic strategy. SGI-1776 is a novel orally available small molecule inhibitor of PIM kinase activity that is currently in Phase I clinical trials. We hypothesized that inhibition of PIM kinase activity would reduce the viability of RCC cells and enhance the activity of the multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor sunitinib. Cell viability and apoptosis assays demonstrated that SGI-1776 possessed significant in vitro activity in a panel of RCC cell lines. One of the mechanisms by which the PIM kinases have been reported to inhibit apoptosis is by phosphorylating the BH3-only protein Bad to abrogate its pro-apoptotic function. Accordingly, SGI-1776-mediated apoptosis was associated with decreased levels of the phosphorylated form of Bad. Moreover, targeted knockdown of Bad expression significantly decreased sensitivity to SGI-1776 indicating that Bad is an important mediator of the anticancer activity of this agent. Treatment with SGI-1776 also led to a markedly decrease in phosphorylated and total c-Myc levels and enhanced the activity of sunitinib in RCC cells. The addition of sunitinib to SGI-1776 further reduced c-Myc expression. Silencing of the gene suggested that c-Myc plays a significant role in sensitivity to the SGI-1776/sunitinib combination. To further evaluate this drug combination, Caki-1 and 786-O RCC xenografts were established in nude mice and they were treated orally with SGI-1776, sunitinib, or the combination. The SGI-1776/sunitinib combination significantly reduced tumor burden in both xenograft models compared to single agent therapy and was very well tolerated. Analysis of the tumors revealed that the drug combination strongly decreased tumor proliferation and induced apoptosis as measured by PCNA and TUNEL immunohistochemistry, respectively. These data indicate that PIM kinase signaling has a significant role in the biology of RCC and warrants further investigation. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B272.
Bent-beam electrothermal actuators-Part I: Single beam and cascaded devices (2001)

This paper describes electrothermal microactuators that generate rectilinear displacements and forces by leveraging deformations caused by localized thermal stresses. In one manifestation, an electric current is passed through a V-shaped beam anchored at both ends, and thermal expansion caused by joule heating pushes the apex outward. Analytical and finite element models of device performance are presented along with measured results of devices fabricated using electroplated Ni and p/sup ++/ Si as structural materials. A maskless process extension for incorporating thermal and electrical isolation is described. Nickel devices with 410-/spl mu/m-long, 6-/spl mu/m-wide, and 3-/spl mu/m-thick beams demonstrate 10 /spl mu/m static displacements at 79 mW input power; silicon devices with 800-/spl mu/m-long, 13.9-/spl mu/m-wide, and 3.7-/spl mu/m-thick beams demonstrate 5 /spl mu/m displacement at 180 mW input power. Cascaded silicon devices using three beams of similar dimensions offer comparable displacement with 50-60% savings in power consumption. The peak output forces generated are estimated to be in the range from 1 to 10 mN for the single beam devices and from 0.1 to 1 mN for the cascaded devices. Measured bandwidths are /spl ap/700 Hz for both. The typical drive voltages used are /spl les/12 V, permitting the use of standard electronic interfaces that are generally inadequate for electrostatic actuators.
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of a Novel Class of Inhibitors of the Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor and Insulin Receptor Kinases (2005)

The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) is often overexpressed on tumor cells and is believed to play an important role in anchorage-independent proliferation. Additionally, cell culture studies have indicated that IGF-1R confers increased resistance to apoptosis caused by radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, inhibitors of the intracellular kinase domain of this receptor may have utility for the clinical treatment of cancer. As part of an effort to develop clinically useful inhibitors of IGF-1R kinase, a novel class of pyrrole-5-carboxaldehyde compounds was investigated. The compounds exhibited selectivity against the closely related insulin receptor kinase intrinsically and in cell-based assays. The inhibitors formed a reversible, covalent adduct at the kinase active site, and treatment of such adducts with sodium borohydride irreversibly inactivated the enzyme. Analysis of a tryptic digest of a covalently modified IGF-1R kinase fragment revealed that the active site Lys1003 had been reductively alkylated with the aldehyde inhibitor. Reductive alkylation of the insulin receptor kinase with one of these inhibitors led to a similarly inactivated enzyme which was examined by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure confirmed the modification of the active site lysine side chain and revealed details of the key interactions between the inhibitor and enzyme.
The P2X7 Receptor Primes IL-1β and the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Astrocytes Exposed to Mechanical Strain (2017)

Inflammatory responses play a key role in many neural pathologies, with localized signaling from the non-immune cells making critical contributions. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an important component of innate immune signaling and can link neural insult to chronic inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome requires two stages to contribute: priming and activation. The priming stage involves upregulation of inflammasome components while the activation stage results in the assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. The priming step can be rate limiting and can connect insult to chronic inflammation, but our knowledge of the signals that regulate NLRP3 inflammasome priming in sterile inflammation is limited. This study examined the link between mechanical strain and inflammasome priming in neural systems. Transient non-ischemic elevation of intraocular pressure increased mRNA for inflammasome components <i>IL-1</i>β<i>, NLRP3, ASC</i>, and <i>CASP1</i> in rat and mouse retinas. The elevation was greater 1 day after the insult, with the rise in IL-1β most pronounced. The P2X7 receptor was implicated in the mechanosensitive priming of IL-1β mRNA <i>in vivo</i>, as the antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG) blocked the increased expression, the agonist BzATP mimicked the pressure-dependent rise in IL-1β, and the rise was absent in P2X7 knockout mice. <i>In vitro</i> measurements from optic nerve head astrocytes demonstrated an increased expression of <i>IL-1</i>β following stretch or swelling. This increase in <i>IL-1</i>β was eliminated by degradation of extracellular ATP with apyrase, or by the block of pannexin hemichannels with carbenoxolone, probenecid, or 10panx1 peptide. The rise in <i>IL-1</i>β expression was also blocked by P2X7 receptor antagonists BBG, A839977 or A740003. The rise in <i>IL-1</i>β was prevented by blocking transcription factor NFκB with Bay 11-7082, while the swelling-dependent fall in NFκB inhibitor IκB-α was reduced by A839977 and in P2X7 knockout mice. In summary, mechanical trauma to the retina primed NLRP3 inflammasome components, but only if there was ATP release through pannexin hemichannels, and autostimulation of the P2X7 receptor. As the P2X7 receptor can also trigger stage two of inflammasome assembly and activation, the P2X7 receptor may have a central role in linking mechanical strain to neuroinflammation.
Tabletop Nanometer Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging in an Extended Reflection\n Mode using Coherent Fresnel Ptychography (2013)

We demonstrate high resolution extreme ultraviolet (EUV) coherent diffractive\nimaging in the most general reflection geometry by combining ptychography with\ntilted plane correction. This method makes it possible to image extended\nsurfaces at any angle of incidence. Refocused light from a tabletop coherent\nhigh harmonic light source at 29 nm illuminates a nanopatterned surface at 45\ndegree angle of incidence. The reconstructed image contains quantitative\namplitude and phase (in this case pattern height) information, comparing\nfavorably with both scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy\nimages. In the future, this approach will enable imaging of complex surfaces\nand nanostructures with sub-10 nm-spatial resolution and fs-temporal\nresolution, which will impact a broad range of nanoscience and nanotechnology\nincluding for direct application in actinic inspection in support of EUV\nlithography.\n
Holography in museums of the Ukraine (1991)

The capability of a hologram to reproduce the three-dimensional image of a real objects - its optical replica, atracts attention of specialists engaged in different domains of science and engineering. Holographic methods for image formation are rather interesting for medicine and biology, for systems of visual information representation (in making versatile simulator, for example) and for facilities of non-destructive testing of units and mechanisms, for simulation, etc. Applications of holography to museum practice seems to be rather promising. In this case holographic methods may be quite timely both as a means of visual information imaging and as a means capable of appreciably raising and improving the state of technical equipment of present-day museums.
Noise Robustness in HMM-TTS Speaker Adaptation (2013)

Speaker adaptation for TTS applications has been receiving more attention in recent years for applications such as voice customisation or voice banking. If these applications are offered as an Internet service, there is no control on the quality of the data that can be collected. It can be noisy with people talking in the background or recorded in a reverberant environment. This makes the adaptation more difficult. This paper explores the effect of different levels of additive and convolutional noise on speaker adaptation techniques based on cluster adaptive training (CAT) and average voice model (AVM). The results indicate that although both techniques suffer degradation to some extent, CAT is in general more robust than AVM. Index Terms: speech synthesis, cluster adaptive training, speaker adaptation, average voice models, noise robust adaptation
Substrate-mounted non-radiative dielectric guide for low-loss millimetre-wave integrated circuits (2001)

Guided-wave characteristics of a new hybrid or composite structure that consists of a non-radiative dielectric (NRD) waveguide surface mounted on the top of a relatively thin dielectric substrate are presented. This proposed structure is thus no longer a conventional NRD guide because its asymmetry may potentially generate unwanted leakage loss. Detailed numerical results show that one of the most interesting features is that it can still preserve a great deal of the desired properties of the conventional NRD guide under certain circumstances. This structure allows for a direct hybrid integration of a planar microstrip circuit with the NRD guide, thus providing an alternative design building block to a class of 3D multilayered millimetre-wave circuits. Experiments further verify the low-loss characteristics of the structure. In addition, effects of the width of ground plane are also discussed to show its low or non-radiating guided wave properties. A basic guideline in the design of a low-loss surface mounted NRD guide is provided.
Changes in skeletal muscle oxygenation during exercise measured by near-infrared spectroscopy on ascent to altitude (2009)

In most individuals, NIRS can be used to measure exercising skeletal muscle oxygenation in the field. During exercise the patterns of absolute oxygenation are broadly similar at altitude and SL. Following prolonged adaptation to altitude, the rate of muscle desaturation is more rapid than observed at SL but less so in those exposed to extreme hypoxia above 5,300 m.
In vitro activity of a novel antibacterial agent, levonadifloxacin, against clinical isolates collected in a prospective, multicentre surveillance study in India during 2016–18 (2019)

Levonadifloxacin displayed potent activity against contemporary MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant staphylococcal isolates, thus offering a valuable IV as well as an oral therapeutic option for the treatment of ABSSSIs. Furthermore, levonadifloxacin exhibited a broad-spectrum activity profile as evident from its activity against streptococci and levofloxacin-susceptible Gram-negative isolates.
Supplementary Data from Loss of Function of DOCK4 in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Stem Cells is Restored by Inhibitors of DOCK4 Signaling Networks (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental figure 6: A) Peripheral blood mononucleated cells were isolated from healthy, non- -7/(del)7q and -7/(del)7q MDS patient peripheral blood samples and flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the percentages of CD34+ cells in these samples. Representative flow plot from one individual from each category is depicted. B) Quantitation of CD34+ cells from healthy (N=10), non- -7/(del)7q (N=13) and -7/(del)7q (N=6) MDS peripheral blood mononuclear cells (*P &lt; 0.05; Student's t test.).&lt;/p&gt;