gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Mammographic Screening Relative to the Treatment of Women With Carcinoma of the Breast (1994)

These results show that breast cancers detected in women who had undergone mammographic screening were more likely to be eligible for breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation compared with breast cancers detected in women who had not undergone mammographic screening. For women aged 50 years or more, there was a significant increase in the use of breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation for eligible breast cancers detected in women who had undergone mammographic screening compared with eligible breast cancers detected in women who had not undergone mammographic screening.
Enhanced Light-emission from Crystalline Silicon in Microdisk Resonators (2007)

Microdisks were fabricated on silicon-on-insulator. Sharp resonant luminescent peaks, corresponding to the whispering-gallery modes, were observed in the disks. Integral photoluminescence intensity from crystalline silicon was significantly enhanced due to the microdisks.
Energy efficient design in MIMO multi-cell systems with time average QoS constraints (2013)

In this work, we address the issue of energy efficient design in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) multi-cell network consisting of N cells, N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> antennas per base station (BS) and K user terminals (UTs) per cell. Under this set up, we address the following question: given certain time average quality of service (QoS) targets for the users, what is the minimum energy expenditure with which they can be met? Time average QoS constraints can lead to greater energy savings as compared to instantaneous QoS constraints since it provides the flexibility to dynamically allocate resources over the fading channel states. We formulate the problem as a stochastic optimization problem whose solution is the design of the downlink beamforming vectors during each time slot. We first characterize the set of time average QoS targets which is achievable by some feasible control policy. We then use the technique of virtual queue to model the time average QoS constraints and convert the problem into a queue stabilization problem while minimizing the time average energy expenditure. We solve this problem using the approach of Lyapunov optimization and characterize its performance. Interestingly, our solution leads to a decentralized design in which the BSs only have to exchange limited side information. Our simulation results show that solving the problem with time average QoS constraints provide greater energy savings as compared to the instantaneous QoS constraints.
Data from An <i>In vivo</i> Platform for Translational Drug Development in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Effective development of targeted anticancer agents includes the definition of the optimal biological dose and biomarkers of drug activity. Currently available preclinical models are not optimal to this end. We aimed at generating a model for translational drug development using pancreatic cancer as a prototype. Resected pancreatic cancers from 14 patients were xenografted and expanded in successive groups of nude mice to develop cohorts of tumor-bearing mice suitable for drug therapy in simulated early clinical trials. The xenografted tumors maintain their fundamental genotypic features despite serial passages and recapitulate the genetic heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer. The &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; platform is useful for integrating drug screening with biomarker discovery. Passages of tumors in successive cohorts of mice do not change their susceptibility to anticancer agents and represent a perpetual live bank, facilitating the application of new technologies that will result in the creation of an integrated stable database of tumor-drug response data and biomarkers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Planar Hall resistance ring sensor based on NiFe/Cu/IrMn trilayer structure (2013)

We have investigated the sensitivity of a planar Hall resistance sensor as a function of the ring radius in the trilayer structure Ta(3)/IrMn(10)/Cu(0.2)/NiFe(10)/Ta(3) (nm). The diagonal components of magnetoresistivity tensor in rectangular prism corresponding to anisotropic magnetoresistance are few ten times larger than that of off-diagonal component corresponding to planar Hall resistance. However, it is noteworthy that the resultant contribution is governed by the off-diagonal components due to the cancellation of diagonal components in the self-balanced bridge configuration. Both the experimental and theoretical results show that the sensitivity varies linearly with the ring radius. In multi-ring architecture, the circumference can be increased to a limit, which consequently enhances sensitivity. We found the sensitivity of the investigated 7-rings planar Hall to be more than 600 μV/Oe.
λ-compact ITO Plasmonic Mach-Zehnder Modulator on Si (2020)

We demonstrate an integrated wavelength-compact plasmonic ITO-based Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator on Si platform, within a miniscule phase-shifter length of 2.5 µm, featuring a half-wave voltage and active device length product of V π L = 95 V·µm.
Low temperature epitaxial growth of Ge:B and Ge 0.99 Sn 0.01 :B source/drain for Ge pMOS devices: in-situ and conformal B-doping, selectivity towards oxide and nitride with no need for any post-epi activation treatment (2019)

Abstract We report on production compatible low temperature (≤320 °C) selective epitaxial growth schemes for boron doped Ge 0.99 Sn 0.01 and Ge in source/drain areas of FinFET and gate-all-around (GAA) strained-Ge pMOS transistors. Active B concentrations are as high as 3.2 × 10 20 cm −3 and 2.2 × 10 20 cm −3 for Ge 0.99 Sn 0.01 and Ge, respectively. The Ge:B growth is based on a cyclic deposition and etch approach using Cl 2 as an etchant, while the Ge 0.99 Sn 0.01 :B growth is selective in nature. Low Ti/p+ Ge(Sn):B contact resistivities of 3.6 × 10 −9 Ω cm 2 (Ge 0.99 Sn 0.01 ) and 5.5 × 10 −9 Ω cm 2 (Ge:B) have been obtained without any post - epi activation anneal. This work is the first demonstration of a selective, conformally doped Ge 1− x Sn x :B source/drain epi implemented on Ge FinFET device structure with fin widths down to 10 nm and on GAA devices (horizontal compressively strained-Ge nanowires).
Identification of a novel target of SETD1A histone methyltransferase and the clinical significance in pancreatic cancer (2022)

Although histone H3K4 methyltransferase SETD1A is overexpressed in various cancer types, the molecular mechanism underlying its overexpression and its target genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclarified. We conducted immunohistochemical staining for SETD1A in 105 human PDAC specimens to assess the relationship between SETD1A overexpression and clinicopathological features. The function and target genes of SETD1A were investigated using human pancreatic cancer cell lines. SETD1A expression was upregulated in 51.4% of patients with PDAC and was an independent prognostic factor associated with shorter disease-free survival after resection (p < 0.05). Knockdown and overexpression of SETD1A showed that SETD1A plays a crucial role in increasing the proliferation and motility of PDAC cells. SETD1A overexpression increased tumorigenicity. RNA sequencing of SETD1A-knockdown cells revealed downregulation of RUVBL1, an oncogenic protein ATP-dependent DNA helicase gene. ChIP analysis revealed that SETD1A binds to the RUVBL1 promoter region, resulting in increased H3K4me3 levels. Knockdown of RUVBL1 showed inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of PDAC cells, which are similar biological effects to SETD1A knockdown. High expression of both SETD1A and RUVBL1 was an independent prognostic factor not only for disease-free survival but also for overall survival (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we identified RUVBL1 as a novel downstream target gene of the SETD1A-H3K4me3 pathway. Co-expression of SETD1A and RUVBL1 is an important factor for predicting the prognosis of patients with PDAC.
Alternating phase-shift mask and binary mask for 45-nm node and beyond: the impact on the mask error control (2007)

For 45 nm node and beyond, the alternating phase-shift mask (alt. PSM), one of the most expected resolution enhancement technologies (RET) because of its high image contrast and small mask error enhancement factor (MEEF), and the binary mask (BIM) attract attention. Reducing CD and registration errors and defect are their critical issues. As the solution, the new blank for alt. PSM and BIM is developed. The top film of new blank is thin Cr, and the antireflection film and shielding film composed of MoSi are deposited under the Cr film. The mask CD performance is evaluated for through pitch, CD linearity, CD uniformity, global loading, resolution and pattern fidelity, and the blank performance is evaluated for optical density, reflectivity, sheet resistance, flatness and defect level. It is found that the performance of new blank is equal to or better than that of conventional blank in all items. The mask CD performance shows significant improvement. The lithography performance of new blank is confirmed by wafer printing and AIMS measurement. The full dry type alt. PSM has been used as test plate, and the test results show that new blank can almost meet the specifications of pi-0 CD difference, CD uniformity and process margin for 45 nm node. Additionally, the new blank shows the better pattern fidelity than that of conventional blank on wafer. AIMS results are almost same as wafer results except for the narrowest pattern. Considering the result above, this new blank can reduce the mask error factors of alt. PSM and BIM for 45 nm node and beyond.
Effect of the epidermal growth factor receptor antibody panitumumab on triggering of ADCC (2009)

11055 Targeted therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) has been introduced into clinical practice for several solid tumors. Thus far, EGF-R- directed antibodies have received approval for the treatment of advanced colorectal and head and neck cancer. Recent studies demonstrated an association between Fcg receptor polymorphisms and clinical outcome. Here, we investigated effector mechanisms of the human IgG2 antibody pantitumumab and zalutumumab—a human IgG1 antibody against EGF-R, currently in phase III clinical evaluation. Both antibodies had similar binding characteristics, but differed in induction of antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Zalutumumab induced potent MNC-mediated ADCC via FcgRIII (CD16), which was poorly triggered by panitumumab. Interestingly, not only zalutumumab but also panitumumab recruited neutrophils for ADCC. Neutrophil- mediated killing is triggered via FcgRIIa (CD32), and is potentially affected by its 131R/H polymorphism. Thus, panitumumab- mediated ADCC was more effective by neutrophils from FcgRIIa-131H homozygous individuals than from -131R individuals. ADCC induced by the IgG1 antibody zalutumumab was not affected by this polymorphism. In an experimental metastasis model in mice, both zalutumumab and panitumumab prevented establishment of metastases at low antibody concentrations which allowed the induction of ADCC but not the inhibition of signalling. Our results may implicate neutrophil- mediated ADCC in the in vivo mechanisms of action of EGF-R- directed antibodies, and suggest that heterogeneity in clinical responses due to the FcgRIIa-131R/H polymorphism can be expected for panitumumab. [Table: see text]
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL REARRANGEMENT OF A CEPHALSPORIN INTO A TRISUBSTITUTED THIAZOLE (1983)

Abstract In Gegenwart von Cer(IV)‐ammoniumnitrat (CAN) wandeln sich die Cephalosporinester (I) in die Thiazole (II) um.
Toward a Biocompatible and Biodegradable Copolymer Incorporating Electroactive Oligothiophene Units (2008)

As part of an ongoing effort to develop biocompatible, biodegradable conducting polymers, we report here the synthesis and characterization of a novel copolymer, 5,5"'bishydroxymethyl-3,3"'-dimethyl-2,2':5',2":5",2"'-quaterthiophene-co-adipic acid polyester (QAPE). This system was designed so as to incorporate alternating electroactive quaterthiophene units and biodegradable ester units into one macromolecular framework, while allowing for facile preparation of the polymer via a polycondensation reaction. In agreement with the design expectations, the ester groups were found to be incorporated into the polymer between the quaterthiophene subunits, as inferred from standard chemical and spectroscopic analyses. QAPE exhibited redox activity as detected by cyclic voltammetry and a new red-shifted absorption peak upon doping, providing support for the notion that the quaterthiophene units maintain electroactivity after incorporation into the QAPE polymer framework. The degradation, likely through surface erosion, of this polymer in the presence of cholesterol esterase was confirmed by the detection of a fluorescence signal at wavelengths corresponding to the quaterthiophene subunit and comparisons to appropriate controls. In vitro cytocompatability studies, carried out over 48 h, indicate that the QAPE polymer is nontoxic to Schwann cells.
Immunologic analysis of the cloned platelet thrombin receptor activation mechanism: evidence supporting receptor cleavage, release of the N-terminal peptide, and insertion of the tethered ligand into a protected environment (1993)

The recently cloned functional thrombin receptor is thought to be activated by thrombin cleavage of the bond between R41 and S42, followed by the insertion of the new N-terminal region ("tethered ligand") into an unknown site in the receptor. Antibodies to peptides at or near the cleavage site have been reported to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet activation to varying extents, but the precise mechanism(s) of their inhibition is unknown. We have produced: (1) a polyclonal antibody in rabbits to a peptide containing amino acids 34 to 52 (anti-TR34-52); enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) indicate that anti-TR34-52 contains antibodies to regions on both sides of the thrombin cleavage site; (2) two murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to a peptide containing amino acids 29 to 68; one antibody reacts primarily with residues N-terminal to the thrombin cleavage site, and the other reacts primarily with residues C-terminal to the cleavage site; and (3) a polyclonal rabbit antibody to a peptide containing amino acids 83 to 94 (anti-TR83-94). Anti-TR34-52 binds to platelets as judged by flow cytometry, and pretreating platelets with a thrombin receptor peptide ligand does not lead to loss of antibody reactivity, suggesting that platelet activation does not initiate redistribution or internalization of surface thrombin receptors. In contrast, pretreating platelets with thrombin leads to complete loss of anti-TR34-52 binding. Similarly, the binding of both MoAbs to platelets is dramatically reduced by pretreatment with thrombin. However, the binding of anti-TR83-94 is not decreased by thrombin activation, confirming that the receptor is not internalized. Anti-TR34-52 profoundly inhibits low dose thrombin-induced platelet shape change and aggregation, but the inhibition can be overcome with higher thrombin doses. However, anti-TR34-52 does not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by tethered ligand peptides. The TR34-52 peptide is a thrombin substrate, with cleavage occurring at the R41-S42 bond as judged by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and platelet aggregation analysis. Anti-TR34-52 prevented cleavage of the TR34-52 peptide, suggesting that the antibody prevents platelet activation, at least in part, by preventing cleavage of the thrombin receptor. These data, although indirect, provide additional support for a thrombin activation mechanism involving thrombin cleavage of the receptor; in addition, they provide new evidence indicating that receptor cleavage is followed by loss of the N-terminal peptide, and insertion of the tethered ligand into a protected domain.
Association between lobe specific bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metabolites and structural lung disease in young children with cystic fibrosis (2015)

<b>Background:</b> Chronic airway inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) starts early in life, leading to progressive structural lung disease. Recent metabolomics studies suggest that they can reveal insight into pathways relevant to early CF airways disease and can be measured non-invasively using an exhaled breath condensate. <b>Methods:</b> Metabolites previously associated with airway inflammation were measured via mass spectrometry on supernatants of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 34 preschool children enrolled in AREST CF who underwent chest CT and BAL from two lobes during 42 visits (n=84). Ordinal logistic regression models were fitted using lobe specific CT scores as an outcome categorized as presence or absence of bronchiectasis and presence of bronchial wall thickening as an intermediate step in disease severity. Models were adjusted for gender and were assessed with and without neutrophils. <b>Results:</b> Decreased levels of adenosine and its metabolite inosine were found in more diseased lobes with odds ratios (OR) of 0.32 (0.18, 0.59; p&lt;0.001) and 0.37 (0.17, 0.57; p=0.009) respectively. Glutathione (reduced and oxidized) was reduced suggesting increased oxidative stress. After adjusting models for neutrophils, only inosine and oxidized gluthathione remained associated with the lung disease with ORs of 0.21 (0.06, 7.72; p=0.021) and 0.38 (0.16, 0.90; p=0.027). <b>Conclusions:</b> The data provides new insight into adenosine signaling pathways involved in airway inflammatory responses and has identified a number of metabolites associated with early disease that can potentially serve as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets in early CF.
Abstract 1348: Targeted degradation of PARP14 Using a heterobifunctional small molecule (2021)

Abstract PARP14 is an interferon-stimulated gene that is overexpressed in multiple tumor types and has been shown to promote the pro-tumor M2 polarization of macrophages and support Th2/Th17 signaling in models of allergic airway disease. PARP14 is a large 203 kDa protein that possesses a catalytic domain responsible for the transfer of mono-ADP-ribose to its substrates, three macrodomains that bind mono-ADP-ribose, a WWE domain that serves as a binding module for poly-ADP-ribose, and an RNA recognition motif. We have previously shown that the potent and reversible enzymatic inhibitor, RBN012759 (IC50 &amp;lt; 0.003 μM, 300-fold selective over monoPARPs, &amp;gt; 1,000-fold selective over polyPARPs), links PARP14 catalytic inhibition with suppression of the antitumor immune response in human primary macrophages and human kidney cancer explants. While this catalytic inhibitor of PARP14 was able to suppress IL-4-driven pro-tumor gene expression in macrophages, it is unknown what roles the non-enzymatic biomolecular recognition motifs play in the biological function of PARP14. To further understand this, we describe a heterobifunctional small molecule, RBN012811, based on a catalytic inhibitor of PARP14 that binds in the enzyme's NAD+-binding site and recruits the E3 ligase cereblon to ubiquitinate PARP14 and selectively target it for degradation. RBN012811 has a IC50 of 0.01 μM against PARP14 in a biophysical assay and is at least 200-fold selective over all other PARPs. In KYSE-270 cancer cells, RBN012811 has a half-maximal degradation concentration (DC50) of 0.005 μM and it does not cause degradation of other PARP enzymes. In human primary macrophages PARP14 degradation by RBN012811 led to a dose-dependent decrease of IL-10 release induced by IL-4 stimulation. Our data demonstrates that RBN012811 is a useful tool to enable further exploration of the role of PARP14 in inflammation and cancer. Citation Format: Tim Wigle, Yue Ren, Jennifer Molina, Danielle Blackwell, Laurie Schenkel, Kerren Swinger, Anne Cheug, Ryan Abo, Elena Minissale, Alvin Lu, Christina Majer, William Church, Bryan Dorsey, Mario Niepel, Nicholas Perl, Kristy Kuplast-Barr, Kristen McEachern, Melissa Vasbinder, Heike Keilhack, Kevin Kuntz. Targeted degradation of PARP14 Using a heterobifunctional small molecule [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1348.
Evidence of random structural features in the heparin polymer (1985)

The first use of computer-simulation studies to examine heparin's structure has been reported. The product distributions obtained when porcine mucosal heparins were depolymerized with heparinase have been compared to computer-simulated distributions. The modeled distribution was relatively unaffected by the polydispersity and molecular weight of heparin. However, the percent of heparinase-cleavable glycosidic linkages and their distribution throughout the polymer resulted in a marked change in the simulated product distribution. The similarity between experimentally observed and computer-simulated product distributions is consistent with the random distribution of heparinase-cleavable sites in porcine mucosal heparin. Finally, a random distribution of N-acetyl residues with respect to heparinase-cleavable sites was experimentally observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐ and 2,3‐Substituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines: Scope and Mechanistic Considerations of a Domino Direct Alkynylation and Cyclization of N‐Iminopyridinium Ylides Using Alkenyl Bromides, Alkenyl Iodides, and Alkynes. (2012)

Abstract Ag/Pd‐mediated treatment of N‐iminopyridinium ylides with alkynes, alkenyl bromides or iodides provides a new, facile, and widely applicable method to prepare biologically important 2‐substituted pyrazolopyridines.
[Arthroplastic resection of the shoulder. Results and indications apropos of 35 cases]. (1987)

The only aim of this retrospective study of 35 patients who had undergone resection of shoulder is to report overall results of this well established operation. Although no result could be rated as excellent, those in one half of the patients were evaluated as good and in one quarter as acceptable. The shoulder can be used in two-thirds of cases and of major importance is that pain is absent in two-thirds and tolerable in 80% of cases. In addition to cases of septic arthritis and poorly tolerated recurrent luxations, this operation is indicated for elderly patients with a fracture-luxation or compound fracture of upper end of humerus. However, the operation requires very strict conditions and re-attachment of the cap of rotator muscles. Resection of shoulder should therefore conserve a place in the therapeutic arsenal of shoulder disorders.
Supplementary Table 2 from Robust Antitumor Immunity in a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Cytotoxic Regimens (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2&lt;/p&gt;