gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of oxidation of metal emitters by incorporating ruthenium oxide (2000)

We fabricated the RuO2 incorporated metal emitters for the cathode of the field emission display in order to improve the drawback of easy oxidation of traditional Spindt-type emitters. The as-deposited RuO2 incorporated Ta film shows the amorphous structure, which is stable up to 800 °C in air ambient. The Ta is bound to oxygen and the RuO2 exists in the form of nanocrystalline and nonstoichiometric phase of RuOx. The RuO2 incorporated Ta film coated emitters and annealed emitters showed good emission results, comparable to pure Ta emitters, and did not oxidize up to 800 °C in air ambient due to their good chemical inertness for the oxygen gas. Therefore, it is expected that the RuO2 incorporated Ta film coated emitters can be easily applied to the fabrication process for field emitters with wide process windows.
TLR Engagement Prevents Transplantation Tolerance (2006)

In many experimental models, heart, pancreas and kidney allografts are accepted long-term following costimulation-targeting therapies, whereas skin, lung and intestine resist the induction of tolerance under the same regimens. We noted that a common feature of the resistant organs is their constant exposure to commensal microbes and hypothesized that these microorganisms may stimulate Toll-like receptors (TLRs), promote alloresponses and prevent tolerance induction. This hypothesis prompts the predictions that TLR engagement at the time of transplantation should avert tolerance to heart allografts in animals treated with costimulation-targeting therapies, whereas inhibition of TLR signaling should promote tolerance to skin allografts under the same conditions. Indeed, engagement of a single TLR was sufficient to prevent anti-CD154-mediated long-term cardiac allograft acceptance and correlated with abolished intragraft recruitment of CD4+/FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and the development of linked-suppression. Conversely, a lack of donor and recipient MyD88-dependent signaling led to successful skin allograft acceptance in anti-CD154-treated animals. Thus, the status of TLR signaling contributes to the resistance versus susceptibility of organs to transplantation tolerance.
High hydrophobic topcoat approach for high volume production and yield enhancement of immersion lithography (2012)

Immersion scanner performance is being improved generation by generation. Faster scan speed is required to increase scanner productivity. There are, however, several papers reporting defect increase with higher scan speed<sup>1, 2, 3</sup>. To overcome this challenge, both material and immersion scanner requires special tuning and optimization. This high stage speed is possible by employing topcoats that have higher hydrophobicity. In general, blob defect are generated at a higher rate with increase in hydrophobicity of topcoat. Nikon and JSR have collaborated to address this challenge by using next generation scanner and a newly developed topcoat material, respectively. JSR, as a topcoat supplier, introduces a new topcoat (TCX279), which shows low blob defects even with very high hydrophobicity. Nikon's latest immersion scanner S621D, equipped with latest nozzle design for optimizing immersion water flow, and an improved tandem stage system to reduce edge particles, resulted in achieving 5x defect reduction compared to S620D. Ultimately, zero immersion defects were realized by a combination of Nikon's S621D scanner and JSR's new topcoat, TCX279.
Prediction of the Percolation Threshold and Electrical conductivity of Self-Assembled Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles into Ordered Structures in PMMA/ATO Nanocomposites (2014)

Electrical percolation in nanocomposites consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles was investigated experimentally using monosize and polydisperse polymer particles. The nanocomposites were fabricated by compression molding at 170 °C. The matrix PMMA was transformed into space filling polyhedra while the ATO nanoparticles distributed along the sharp edges of the matrix, forming a 3D interconnected network. The measured electrical resistivity showed that percolation was achieved in these materials at a very low ATO content of 0.99 wt % ATO when monosize PMMA was used, whereas 1.48 wt % ATO was needed to achieve percolation when the PMMA was polydispersed. A parametric finite element approach was chosen to model this unique microstructure-driven self-assembling percolation behavior. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to solve the effects of phase segregation between the matrix and the filler using a 2D simplified model in the frequency domain of the AC/DC module. It was found that the percolation threshold (pc) is affected by the size ratio between the matrix and the filler in a systematic way. Furthermore, simulations indicate that small deviations from perfect interconnection result mostly in changes in the electrical resistivity while the minimum DC resistivity achievable in any given composite is governed by the electrical conductivity of the filler, which must be accurately known in order to obtain an accurate prediction. The model is quite general and is able to predict percolation behavior in a number of other similarly processed segregated network nanocomposites.
Facilitated hypertext for collective sensemaking (2001)

This paper outlines the technical and social dimensions to a hypertext tool that has been successfully used in organizational settings to improve meetings, and capture group memory in real time. The approach derives from hypertext research systems from the mid-1980s-90s which sought to manipulate conceptual structures as hypertextual concept maps. However, many did not receive sustained use due to issues of cognitive overheads and representational inflexibility. Many decided that such tools would never fulfill their promise. The gIBIS system exemplified this early work, but has since evolved into a broader approach to collective sensemaking called Compendium. We outline Compendium, which demonstrates the impact that a hypertext facilitator can have on the learning and adoption problems that often ambush hypertext sensemaking tools before they have the chance to establish roots in work practice.
Monte-Carlo simulation of a micro focal X-ray tube (2002)

A modified version of the EGS4 code is presented in which the inelastic collisions of electrons with atoms takes into account bound effects. This code was then used in the simulation of an X-ray tube with molybdenum target. A comparison with experimental data, for 30 keV and 35 keV electrons beams, shows a maximum difference of 30% near the K/sub /spl alpha// peak. The dependence of the fluorescence to bremsstrahlung ratio on the target thickness (roughly 40% in the region 4-6 /spl mu/m), our uncertainty in the dimension of the target used, and the inaccurate modeling of bremsstrahlung emissions makes us believe that the GOS model is fairly accurate on the treatment of electron inelastic collisions, and that the low energy electron transport with EGS4 can be improved using this model.
Total Synthesis of the Opioid Agonistic Indole Alkaloid Mitragynine and the First Total Syntheses of 9-Methoxygeissoschizol and 9-Methoxy-Nb-methylgeissoschizol (2007)

An enantiospecific method for the synthesis of 4-methoxytryptophan has been developed via a regiospecific Larock heteroannulation and employed for the first total syntheses of 9-methoxygeissoschizol and 9-methoxy-Nb-methylgeissoschizol, as well as the total synthesis of the opioid agonistic alkaloid mitragynine. The asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction and a Ni(COD)2-mediated cyclization served as key steps.
ClassifyTE: a stacking-based prediction of hierarchical classification of transposable elements (2021)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gait Phase-Based Control for a Rotary Series Elastic Actuator Assisting the Knee Joint (2011)

Actuators for physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) such as rehabilitation or assistive systems should generate the desired torque precisely. However, the resistive and inertia loads inherent in the actuators (e.g., friction, damping, and inertia) set challenges in the control of actuators in a force/torque mode. The resistive factors include nonlinear effects and should be considered in the controller design to generate the desired force accurately. Moreover, the uncertainties in the plant dynamics make the precise torque control difficult. In this paper, nonlinear control algorithms are exploited for a rotary series elastic actuator to generate the desired torque precisely in the presence of nonlinear resistive factors and modeling uncertainty. The sliding mode control smoothed by a boundary layer is applied to enhance the robustness for the modeling uncertainty without chattering phenomenon. In this paper, the rotary series elastic actuator (RSEA) is installed on the knee joint of an orthosis, and the thickness of the boundary layer is changed by gait phases in order to minimize the torque error without the chattering phenomenon. The performance of the proposed controller is verified by experiments with actual walking motions.
Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with TNF Inhibitors (2012)

Objective: Patients with low natural killer (NK) cell activity were shown to have a higher risk of cancer development. Increased cancer risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents is still being debated. Therefore, we think it is important to show whether anti-TNF therapy has any effects on the NK cell cytotoxicity in these patients. Material and Methods: We included 60 rheumatoid arthritis patients, 31 treated with anti-TNF therapy, 29 treated with other disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and 51 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, 35 treated with anti-TNF therapy and 16 treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or conventional DMARDs as a disease control into the study. The results of two healthy control groups each consisting of 32 age- and sex- matched healthy individuals were also included. Results: Median values of NK cytoxicity in patients with RA who were being treated with anti-TNF and patients treated with other DMARDs were 29% and 43%, respectively (p=0.203). When we reanalyzed the results independent of clinical diagnosis, patients using anti-TNF medications and patients treated with other medicine had NK cytotoxicity median values of 32% and 43%, respectively (p=0.277). Conclusion: We suppose that NK cell cytotoxicity may decrease in patients with RA when they use anti-TNF agents, and this may help partly to explain why these patients are more prone to development of cancer and severe infections. We think that this study will encourage new studies with higher number of patients to better clarify effects of anti-TNF treatment on NK cell functions.
Comparison of two and three spatial dimensional solutions of the wave equation at ocean-basin scales in the presence of internal waves (2007)

Numerical solutions are given for a parabolic approximation to the acoustic wave equation at 75 Hz in two and three spatial dimensions to determine if azimuthal coupling of the field significantly affects horizontal coherence. Coupling is a small effect at 4000 km in the presence of internal gravity waves. This implies that accurate solutions are possible using computations from uncoupled vertical slices through the field. The shape of horizontal coherence is inconsistent with shapes given by two theories. Estimates of horizontal coherence at 4000 km and 25, 50, and 75 Hz are 10, 2, and 1 km respectively. [Work supported by the ONR.]
A 3-phenylsulfinyl-1-phenylsulfonylindole (1994)

The title compound 2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)-1-phenylsulfonylindol-3-yl phenyl sulfoxide, C 24 H 20 N 2 O 3 S 2 , was isolated, together with 3-chloro-2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)-1-phenylsulfonylindole, from the treatment of 2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)indole with sodium hydride and phenylsulfonylchloride, showing that the latter can act as an electrophilic chlorinating agent and as a source of an electrophilic phenylsulfinylating species
Multifunctional Toxins in Snake Venoms and Therapeutic Implications: From Pain to Hemorrhage and Necrosis (2019)

Animal venoms have evolved over millions of years for prey capture and defense from predators and rivals. Snake venoms, in particular, have evolved a wide diversity of peptides and proteins that induce harmful inflammatory and neurotoxic effects including severe pain and paralysis, hemotoxic effects, such as hemorrhage and coagulopathy, and cytotoxic/myotoxic effects, such as inflammation and necrosis. If untreated, many envenomings result in death or severe morbidity in humans and, despite advances in management, snakebite remains a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Consequently, the World Health Organization recently recognized snakebite as a neglected tropical disease that affects ~2.7 million p.a. The major protein classes found in snake venoms are phospholipases, metalloproteases, serine proteases and three-finger peptides. The mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties of many snake venom toxins have been elucidated, revealing a complex multifunctional cocktail that can act synergistically to rapidly immobilize prey and deter predators. However, despite these advances many snake toxins remain to be structurally and pharmacologically characterized. In this review, the multifunctional features of the peptides and proteins found in snake venoms, as well as their evolutionary histories, are discussed with the view to identifying novel modes of action and improving snakebite treatments.
Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Investigational Device Exemption Clinical Trial Comparing Mobi-C Cervical Artificial Disc to Anterior Discectomy and Fusion in the Treatment of Symptomatic Degenerative Disc Disease in the Cervical Spine (2014)

This study adds to the literature supporting cervical TDR as a viable option to ACDF in appropriately selected patients with disc degeneration.
Session details: Sigmetrics 2008 demo competition (2008)

No abstract available.
Fibre management technique for optical device integrationon circuit board with hundreds of optical connections (2000)

The authors present a technique for fibre management on a circuit board, which utilises newly-developed, flexible optical fibre circuits and multifibre physical contact connectors. The technique achieves compact fibre wiring and easy fibre connection for hundreds of fibres on a circuit board. The authors have fabricated a compact 8 × 16 delivery and coupling switch board using the technique.
In vivo near-infrared dual-axis confocal microendoscopy in the human lower gastrointestinal tract (2012)

Near-infrared confocal microendoscopy is a promising technique for deep in vivo imaging of tissues and can generate high-resolution cross-sectional images at the micron-scale. We demonstrate the use of a dual-axis confocal (DAC) near-infrared fluorescence microendoscope with a 5.5-mm outer diameter for obtaining clinical images of human colorectal mucosa. High-speed two-dimensional en face scanning was achieved through a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner while a micromotor was used for adjusting the axial focus. In vivo images of human patients are collected at 5 frames/sec with a field of view of 362×212 μm(2) and a maximum imaging depth of 140 μm. During routine endoscopy, indocyanine green (ICG) was topically applied a nonspecific optical contrasting agent to regions of the human colon. The DAC microendoscope was then used to obtain microanatomic images of the mucosa by detecting near-infrared fluorescence from ICG. These results suggest that DAC microendoscopy may have utility for visualizing the anatomical and, perhaps, functional changes associated with colorectal pathology for the early detection of colorectal cancer.
Acid-base and lipophilic properties of peptide nucleic acid derivatives (2020)

The first combined experimental and theoretical study on the ionization and lipophilic properties of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) derivatives, including eleven PNA monomers and two PNA decamers, is described. The acidity constants (pK<sub>a</sub>) of individual acidic and basic centers of PNA monomers were measured by automated potentiometric pH titrations in water/methanol solution, and these values were found to be in agreement with those obtained by MoKa software. These results indicate that single nucleobases do not change their pK<sub>a</sub> values when included in PNA monomers and oligomers. In addition, immobilized artificial membrane chromatography was employed to evaluate the lipophilic properties of PNA monomers and oligomers, which showed the PNA derivatives had poor affinity towards membrane phospholipids, and confirmed their scarce cell penetrating ability. Overall, our study not only is of potential relevance to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of PNA, but also constitutes a reliable basis to properly modify PNA to obtain mimics with enhanced cell penetration properties.
Pontomedullary transection attenuates central respiratory modulation of sympathetic discharge, heart rate and the baroreceptor reflex in thein siturat preparation (2008)

Previous studies have indicated a major role for the pons in the genesis of the respiratory pattern. The respiratory rhythm is coupled to the cardiovascular system to ensure optimal matching of minute ventilation and cardiac output. Since much of this coupling results from cross-talk between brainstem circuits, we have assessed the role of the pons in both the co-ordination of respiratory and cardiovascular efferent activities and the baroreceptor reflex efficacy. Using the arterially perfused in situ rat preparation, we recorded neural activities from the left phrenic nerve, central end of the vagus nerve, thoracic sympathetic chain (T8-T10) and heart rate. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, respiratory modulation of sympathetic nerve activity (and Traube-Hering waves in arterial pressure) and postinspiratory discharges recorded from vagal efferents were eliminated after pontine transection. We also found that although the sympathetic arterial baroreflex remained intact, respiratory gating of the baroreceptor reflex (i.e. both bradycardia and sympathoinhibition) was abolished after pontine removal. We propose that neural activity of the pons is essential for physiological coupling of centrally generated respiratory and cardiovascular efferent activities.
CMOS-Integrated Si/SiGe Quantum-Well Infrared Microbolometer Focal Plane Arrays Manufactured With Very Large-Scale Heterogeneous 3-D Integration (2014)

We demonstrate infrared focal plane arrays utilizing monocrystalline silicon/silicon-germanium (Si/SiGe) quantum-well microbolometers that are heterogeneously integrated on top of CMOS-based electronic read-out integrated circuit substrates. The microbolometers are designed to detect light in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) range from 8 to 14 μm and are arranged in focal plane arrays consisting of 384 × 288 microbolometer pixels with a pixel pitch of 25 μm × 25 μm. Focal plane arrays with two different microbolometer designs have been implemented. The first is a conventional single-layer microbolometer design and the second is an umbrella design in which the microbolometer legs are placed underneath the microbolometer membrane to achieve an improved pixel fill-factor. The infrared focal plane arrays are vacuum packaged using a CMOS compatible wafer bonding and sealing process. The demonstrated heterogeneous 3-D integration and packaging processes are implemented at wafer-level and enable independent optimization of the CMOS-based integrated circuits and the microbolometer materials. All manufacturing is done using standard semiconductor and MEMS processes, thus offering a generic approach for integrating CMOS-electronics with complex miniaturized transducer elements.
Aging in silicone rubber used for outdoor insulation (1992)

A hypothesis for aging produced by dry band arcing in silicone rubber material used for outdoor insulation is presented and experimentally proven. Aging is indicated by permanent changes. The analytical techniques used to study the permanent changes are Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and surface roughness measurement. The authors highlight the fact that there are permanent changes occurring in the material that lead to progressive degradation in the long run, even though there can be a complete recovery of surface hydrophobicity in a short time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High-T{sub c} Bolometers (1991)

A description is given of recent work on high-Tc superconducting bolometers for infrared and millimeter wavelengths.The first report describes measurements of the thermal boundary resistance between YBCO films and various substrates.This resistance is much larger than expected from the acoustic impedance mismatch model and gives a thermal time constant in the nanosecond range for typical YBCO films.Then, there are reports on the design and experimental performance of two different types of high-Tc bolometric detectors.One is a conventional bolometer with a gold-black absorber.The other is an antenna-coupled microbolometer.Finally, there is a description of the ultimate performance expected from high-Tc bolometers on Si and Si3N4 membrane substrates, with comparisons to other detectors used for thermal imaging.. .
Control of Cimex lectularius using heat combined with dichlorvos resin strips (2011)

Successful management of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), is difficult because of its pesticide resistance, which can allow a reduction in population, but not elimination. We evaluated the effect of heat and/or air circulation on the efficacy of dichlorvos resin strips in the control of bed bugs. Treatments were performed in unoccupied dormitory rooms and consisted of dichlorvos resin strips containing 18.6% active ingredient, the same strips + fan, and strips + fan + heat. The mortality of recently fed bed bugs and weight loss of the dichlorvos strips were evaluated over 7 days. Dichlorvos resin strips killed bed bugs and eggs in just over 7 days. The addition of a fan or a fan + heat decreased time to 100% mortality to 3 days and 36 h, respectively. Eggs located in treated rooms did not hatch. Resin strips in the strips + fan treatment and the strips + fan + heat treatment volatilized 10 and 70 times, respectively, faster than strips in the strips-only treatment. The addition of heat in treatments with dichlorvos resin strips enhances the overall efficacy of the volatile insecticide and reduces the time required to eliminate live bed bugs and eggs.
Multivalency in the Gas Phase: The Study of Dendritic Aggregates by Mass Spectrometry (2004)

Selektive Gastfreundschaft: An der Peripherie eines Dendrimers der dritten Generation können bis zu acht Gastmoleküle gebunden werden. Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen mit stoßinduzierter Fragmentierung (collision-induced dissociation, CID) haben gezeigt, dass gezielt ein Gastmolekül nach dem anderen entfernt wird (siehe Spektrum). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z53707_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.