gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimates of ice-edge melt rates off Labrador and eastern Newfoundland, Canada (1991)

For the winters of 1985 to 1989, ice-edge melt rates off Labrador and eastern Newfoundland were calculated from ice charts and satellite-tracked ice beacon data. The ice charts provided ice-edge motion and ice thicknesses, while the beacons provided ice-drift rates and rates of ice-edge retreat. Over the continental slope, ice-edge melt rates, ice-drift rates and heat fluxes required to melt the ice were all higher than those over the continental shelf. Ice-edge melt rates had a mean value of 18.0 km d −1 over the slope but reduced to 4.8 km d −1 over the shelf. Similarly, the mean ice-drift rate was higher over the slope (41.5 km d −1 ) than over the shelf (12.7km d −1 ). Ice-edge melt rates increased linearly, as ice-drift rates perpendicular to the edge increased. Estimates of heat fluxes (±30%), required to melt the ice at the ice edge, reached values of 700 W m −2 for 3-day periods and had a mean of 340 W m −2 over the slope and 130 W m −2 over the shelf.
Preface (2013)

In general, processing of functional ceramics requires high temperature. However, suppression of energy consumption during processing is a key technology. This would also develop a novel application such as thin film deposition of ceramic thin film on polymer substrate. This special issue is featuring keywords such as "reduction of energy consumption during synthesis" or "lowering of synthesis and crystallization temperature" etc. These cover wide area such as optimization of raw materials, nanostructured thin films and particles, use of templates and seeds, liquid phase processing such as sol-gel, hydrothermal processing, use of external stimulus such as plasma enhancement, mechanochemical and sonochemical reactions, use of enzyme and catalyst, shortening of synthesis and sintering time, and reduction of resource usage.
Sound source separation and automatic speech recognition for moving sources (2010)

This paper addresses sound source separation and speech recognition for moving sound sources. Real-world applications such as robots should cope with both moving and stationary sound sources. However, most studies assume only stationary sound sources. We introduce three key techniques to cope with moving sources, that is, Adaptive Step-size control (AS), Optima Controlled Recursive Average (OCRA), and Separation Parameter Switching (SPS). We implemented a real-time robot audition system with these techniques for our humanoid robot with an 8ch microphone array by using HARK which is our open-source software for robot audition. Preliminary results show that the performance of recognition of moving sound sources improved drastically, and also the performance of the system is shown through two speech dialog scenarios which requires sound source separation and automatic speech recognition for moving sources.
Characterization of Interaction of Water in Epoxy by UV Reflection Spectroscopy (2001)

Water uptake in diglycidyl ether of butanediol (DGEB) epoxy cured with 4,4‘-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) was studied using UV reflection spectroscopy. There is a progressive shift to longer wavelength of approximately 13 nm for the DDS reflection peak at 338 nm upon exposure to water, apparently due to hydrogen bonding of water to DDS through the SO2 group. The fraction of hydrogen-bonded DDS through SO2 with water was estimated by spectral deconvolution, and subsequently the fraction of hydrogen-bonded water to DDS through SO2 was obtained. When the epoxy is saturated with water containing 9 wt % of epoxy, the SO2 group in DDS is fully hydrogen bonded, while 32% of absorbed water is hydrogen bonded to the SO2 group of DDS. Since hydrogen bonding of water to the tertiary amino group of DDS does not show up in UV reflection spectra, the fractions of hydrogen-bonded water are smaller than the values published recently by NIR studies, which account for both types of hydrogen-bonded water.
Monoval-LdC: Efficient Prodrug of 2′-Deoxy-β-L-cytidine (L-dC), A Potent and Selective Anti-HBV Agent (2003)

In order to improve the oral bioavailability of LdC, valinyl esters were prepared as prodrugs. We report here the syntheses of the 3'-mono-, 5'-mono, and 3',5'-di-O-valinyl esters of LdC. The comparison of their ease of synthesis, their physicochemical properties, as well as their pharmacokinetic parameters in cynomologus monkeys has revealed 3'-mono-O-valinyl derivative as the most promising of the studied prodrugs. This compound is being developed as a new anti-HBV agent.
Treatment of hemiplegic migraine with triptans (2007)

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of triptans in patients who suffer from familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Seventy-six subjects had used triptans at least once as an abortive treatment. Average triptan response was 6.9 (SD +/-3.1) and adverse event severity 4.9 (SD +/-3.3) on a scale from 0 to 10 (no response or side effect 0, excellent response or unbearable side effects 10). None of the patients had an ischaemic stroke or a heart attack. One patient reported prolonged neurological symptoms, related to a single dose of rizatriptan, but there were no pathological findings in several MRI-scans. Triptans seem to be safe and effective treatment for most hemiplegic migraine patients.
Solution‐Processed Pure Red TADF Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes With High External Quantum Efficiency and Saturated Red Emission Color (2023)

In spite of recent research progress in red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, highly efficient solution-processable pure red TADF emitters are rarely reported. Most of the red TADF emitters reported to date are designed using a rigid acceptor unit which renders them insoluble and unsuitable for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To resolve this issue, a novel TADF emitter, 6,7-bis(4-(bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,3-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)quinoxaline-5,8-dicarbonitrile (tBuTPA-CNQx) is designed and synthesized. The highly twisted donor-acceptor architecture and appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital distribution lead to a very small singlet-triplet energy gap of 0.07 eV, high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92%, and short delayed fluorescence lifetime of 52.4 µs. The peripheral t-butyl phenyl decorated quinoxaline acceptor unit and t-butyl protected triphenylamine donor unit are proven to be useful building blocks to improve solubility and minimize the intermolecular interaction. The solution-processed OLED based on tBuTPA-CNQx achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.7% with a pure red emission peak at 662 nm, which is one of the highest EQE values reported till date in the solution-processed pure red TADF OLEDs. Additionally, vacuum-processable OLED based on tBuTPA-CNQx exhibits a high EQE of 22.2% and negligible efficiency roll-off.
Virtual microwells for three-dimensional cell culture on a digital microfluidic platform (2012)

Three-dimensional hydrogel based cell culture has increased in prominence as a function of the in vivo-like phenotypes observed for cells cultured in this way. Unfortunately, cost and challenges in the physical manipulation of delicate hydrogel materials has impeded widespread use of these methods. Here we report the first digital microfluidic platform for the on-demand formation of hydrogel structures in virtual microwells. Moreover, we use the device to automate seeding of cells in hydrogels, exchange media at regular intervals, and perform fixing and staining of cells for on-device light and confocal microscopy. Further we apply this method for the recapitulation of higher-order tissue formation in a model of kidney epithelialization. These findings demonstrate the potential of digital microfluidics as a useful tool for a broad range of hydrogel based technologies.
Vanadate as an oral antidiabetic agent (1994)

AbstractToday's need for effective oral glucose lowering agents and the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action have increased attention to the use of vanadate as an oral euglycaemic agent. Vanadate has metabolic actions like insulin. It is efficacious in rodent models of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Moreover, recent clinical trials of two to three week duration in human NIDDM and IDDM subjects demonstrated that oral vanadate improved insulin sensitivity in all NIDDM subjects and some IDDM subjects. No major side effects were observed. Although vanadate is a potent protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitor, the precise glucose lowering mechanism is debatable since the metal is unstable and it is metabolised by cells. Recently chemists have taken advantage of the complex chemical properties of vanadate and have synthesised a variety of vanadium derivatives that are much more potent than vanadate. Some show in vitro enzyme selectivity against PTPases and some are better absorbed and less toxic. These novel agents have been tested in rodent models and the preliminary data suggest that a potent, less toxic vanadium derivative may find a place in diabetes therapy.
Multidimensional Molecular Profiling of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Benefit (2022)

This study identified potential biomarkers of response to ICIs among patients with mTNBC: high tumor mutational burden; presence of CD8+, CD4 memory T cells, follicular helper T cells, and M1 macrophages; and inflammatory gene expression pathways. Pretreatment deficiencies in the homologous recombination DNA damage repair pathway and the absence of or minimal clonal evolution post-treatment may be associated with worse outcomes.
Volumetric Optical Recording with Void Marks Using an All-Semiconductor Picosecond Laser (2011)

We demonstrated volumetric optical recording with void marks in a bulk recording medium using a newly developed all-semiconductor picosecond laser. The laser is compact and has an ultrahigh peak power, which is necessary for practical application of the volumetric optical recording system. We confirmed the laser to be able to record void marks effectively on our recording media. The laser was implemented to our optical drive system as a light source and as much as 30 layer void-mark recording was carried out on the 200-µm-thick bulk recording medium. The total recording capacity was 97 Gbyte and the bit error rates (bERs) were measured to be on the order of 10 -4 for most of the layers. We believe that this was a significant step to realize a practical volumetric optical recording system.
A Solid-State, Rechargeable, Long Cycle Life Lithium-Air Battery (Postprint) (2010)

Abstract : This paper describes a totally solid-state, rechargeable, long cycle life lithium-oxygen battery cell. The cell is comprised of a Li metal anode, a highly Li-ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane laminate fabricated from glass-ceramic (GC) and polymer-ceramic materials, and a solid-state composite air cathode prepared from high surface area carbon and ionically conducting GC powder. The cell exhibited excellent thermal stability and rechargeability in the 30-105 C temperature range. It was subjected to 40 charge-discharge cycles at current Densities ranging from 0.05 to 0.25mA/sq cm. The reversible charge/discharge voltage profile of the Li-O2 cell with low polarizations between the discharge and charge are remarkable for a displacement-type electrochemical cell reaction involving the reduction of oxygen to form lithium peroxide. The results represent a major contribution in the quest of an ultra high energy density electrochemical power source. We believe that the Li-O2 cell, when fully developed, could exceed specific energies of 1000 Wh/kg in practical configurations.
A review of recent advances in plant-pathogen detection systems (2022)

Worldwide, a substantial economic loss in agricultural products is caused by plant pathogens. The increased losses in agriculture have drawn attention towards the development of miniaturized pathogen detection systems for phytopathology. This review paper's main selling point supports recent research (from 2015 to 2022) and technological advancements in the field of plant pathogen detection. The article discusses in depth important developments in the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, microfluidics, Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) based biosensors, digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), disposable all-printed electronics, and nanoparticle-based sensors for instantaneous pathogen detection in agricultural applications. Utilizing nanoparticles to identify agricultural pathogens is a crucial topic that is explored. A brief on various commercially available detection systems worldwide have been listed. Finally, we discuss the perspective in the development of portable miniaturized systems and novel assay technologies based on advanced nanomaterials. Gold standard techniques: Although Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and culture counting have been widely used for plant pathogen detection, they are not appropriate for measurements made in the field due to their higher installation costs, lack of portability, need for well-equipped laboratories, and requirement of skilled personnel. Therefore, these recent trends are overtaking the traditional methods in Agri-diagnostics because of their superior performances and suitability for the task.
Silencing HoxA1 by Intraductal Injection of siRNA Lipidoid Nanoparticles Prevents Mammary Tumor Progression in Mice (2014)

With advances in screening, the incidence of detection of premalignant breast lesions has increased in recent decades; however, treatment options remain limited to surveillance or surgical removal by lumpectomy or mastectomy. We hypothesized that disease progression could be blocked by RNA interference (RNAi) therapy and set out to develop a targeted therapeutic delivery strategy. Using computational gene network modeling, we identified HoxA1 as a putative driver of early mammary cancer progression in transgenic C3(1)-SV40TAg mice. Silencing this gene in cultured mouse or human mammary tumor spheroids resulted in increased acinar lumen formation, reduced tumor cell proliferation, and restoration of normal epithelial polarization. When the HoxA1 gene was silenced in vivo via intraductal delivery of nanoparticle-formulated small interfering RNA (siRNA) through the nipple of transgenic mice with early-stage disease, mammary epithelial cell proliferation rates were suppressed, loss of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression was prevented, and tumor incidence was reduced by 75%. This approach that leverages new advances in systems biology and nanotechnology offers a novel noninvasive strategy to block breast cancer progression through targeted silencing of critical genes directly within the mammary epithelium.
Abstract 338: Cardiac Overexpression of Creatine Kinase Improves Cardiomycytes Function in Heart Failure and During Increased Redox Stress (2015)

Aims: Several studies suggest that abnormal energy metabolism contributes to heart failure or that the failing heart is energy starved. Here we aim at testing whether an increase in intracellular CK improves myocellular contractility in experimental myocardial dysfunction and protects from increased oxidative conditions. Methods-Results: We tested the response to the β-agonist isoproterenol (2.5 nM, ISO) in field-stimulated (.5 Hz, RT) adult cardiomyocytes isolated from wild-type (WT) mice and mice overexpressing cardiac myofibrillar or mitochondrial CK (CK-M or CK-mito) from sham and failing (8 wk transverse aortic constriction (TAC)) hearts, to dissect whether overexpressing CK alters myocyte function at baseline and during increased energetic demand. There were no differences in sarcomere fractional shortening (FS) or Ca2+ transients at baseline and with ISO among sham WT, CK-M or CK-mito myocytes. However, ISO effects were significantly reduced in WT TAC myocytes, consistent with prior reports. Conversely, in CK-M or CK-mito TAC myocytes, ISO-induced inotropy was fully preserved. Interestingly, incubation with the AMPK-stimulator AICAR (1mM for at least 90’) did not have any effect on WT TAC, but increased FS in TAC CK-M (+82%) and CK-mito (+42%) myocytes significantly, supporting the important metabolic role played by enhancing CK in failing hearts. To test whether overexpressing CK-M or CK-mito confer protection against acute oxidative stress, sham myocytes were exposed to H2O2 (50μM, 10’) and the interval (seconds) between the beginning of H2O2 superfusion and the appearance of irreversible arrhythmias was measured. WT and CK-M myocytes had a similar response (416±91s vs 411±68s), whereas in CK-mito this interval was significantly prolonged (600±64s). Similarly, upon acute infusion of the anticancer TKI sunitinib (2μM), whose cardiotoxic properties have been linked also to an increase in ROS, irreversible arrhythmias appeared after 657±43s in CK-mito (p&lt;.5 vs 561±66 for WT and 467±88 for CK-M). Conclusions: Overexpressing CK-M and CK-mito under failing-TAC conditions improves myocyte function likely through better preserved Ca2+ handling, whereas only the up-regulation of CK-mito is more effective in buffering ROS effects.
Detecting Ionospheric Gradients with the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) Method (2003)

where M represents multipath error, and ρ e and represent code-phase and carrier-phase measurement errors. Typically, φ e
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IX AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR DETECTION AND THERAPY OF LOW GRADE UROTHELIAL CELL CARCINOMA (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IX AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR DETECTION AND THERAPY OF LOW GRADE UROTHELIAL CELL CARCINOMA Jennifer Clebanoff, Jian Yu Rao, Dominic Lung, Mya Noe, Po Chu Fung, Qin Jing Pan, Arie S Belldegrun, and Allan J Pantuck Jennifer ClebanoffJennifer Clebanoff More articles by this author , Jian Yu RaoJian Yu Rao More articles by this author , Dominic LungDominic Lung More articles by this author , Mya NoeMya Noe More articles by this author , Po Chu FungPo Chu Fung More articles by this author , Qin Jing PanQin Jing Pan More articles by this author , Arie S BelldegrunArie S Belldegrun More articles by this author , and Allan J PantuckAllan J Pantuck More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60205-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IX AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR DETECTION AND THERAPY OF LOW GRADE UROTHELIAL CELL CARCINOMA." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 70 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 70 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Jennifer Clebanoff More articles by this author Jian Yu Rao More articles by this author Dominic Lung More articles by this author Mya Noe More articles by this author Po Chu Fung More articles by this author Qin Jing Pan More articles by this author Arie S Belldegrun More articles by this author Allan J Pantuck More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Do we need to treat patients with heart failure with statins? (2013)

Statin therapy is widely used for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Statin studies and therapy indications have covered many cardiovascular and noncardiovascular disease processes in the recent past, and heart failure (HF) is no exception. Drug therapy to prolong survival or reduce hospitalization for HF has been one of the challenges of the past 20 years. Numerous clinical trials have examined the effects of a variety of drugs on survival in HF. Time and again, observational studies were thought to point towards beneficial effects of statins. The hypothesis behind such research was built on the fact that coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of HF. Therefore, statins frequently got supplemented into the regimens of patients with HF. The ‘ischemic burden reduction’ concept was complemented by the multiple nonlipid-lowering benefits of the statins observed in animal models and clinical studies, the so-called ‘pleiotropic effects’. However, important uncertainties remained regarding how much benefit would be garnered by the untested strategy of initiating statins in HF. In order to address this issue directly, two major randomized trials, CORONA and GISSI-HF, were recently conducted. Both the trials failed to demonstrate a reduction in mortality and cardiovascular events with statin therapy. Furthermore, it has now been observed that low serum cholesterol is associated with worse outcomes in HF. Finally, impairment of mitochondrial oxidation pathways, through CoQ depletion, adverse effects of statins, cost and its drug interaction, added to the problem. It remains unanswered if the progression of CAD contributes to the progression of left ventricular dysfunction and if it would be modulated by statin therapy. Pending further substantiation of the proof, using the current evidence to prescribe statins would expose many people with HF to the potential harms and costs of lifelong statin therapy and is, therefore, best avoided. However, their important role in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reduction for compelling indications cannot be ignored.
Charge-Noise-Free Lateral Quantum Dot Devices with Undoped Si/SiGe Wafer (2014)

Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan Quantum Nanoelectronics Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan Research Center for Silicon Nano-Science, Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo City University, 8-15-1 Todoroki, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-0082, Japan RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
Spectral Imaging Target Development Based on Hiearchical Cluster Analysis. (2004)

Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group similar spectra from a large database of samples. Based on angles between reflectance vectors of members of a cluster, a reflectance vector was selected as representative of that cluster. Representative samples were grouped together and stored as new calibration targets. Simulated wide-band imaging with glass filters was performed using these new calibration targets and a transformation matrix from digital signals to reflectance was derived. Different verification targets were reconstructed using the transformation matrix; the spectral and colorimetric accuracy of the reconstruction was evaluated. It was shown that beyond a threshold number of samples in the calibration target, the performance of reconstruction became independent of the number of samples used in the calculation. The average spectral RMS for a calibration target consisting of 24 samples selected based on clustering were found to be less than 3.2% for GretagMacbeth ColorChecker DC, GretagMacbeth ColorChecker Rendition Chart, and Esser Test Chart TE221.
XCS (2009)

We study the security of embedded web servers used in consumer electronic devices, such as security cameras and photo frames, and for IT infrastructure, such as wireless access points and lights-out management systems. All the devices we examine turn out to be vulnerable to a variety of web attacks, including cross site scripting (XSS) and cross site request forgery (CSRF). In addition, we show that consumer electronics are particularly vulnerable to a nasty form of persistent XSS where a non-web channel such as NFS or SNMP is used to inject a malicious script. This script is later used to attack an unsuspecting user who connects to the device's web server. We refer to web attacks which are mounted through a non-web channel as cross channel scripting (XCS). We propose a client-side defense against certain XCS which we implement as a browser extension.