gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion beam and RF-plasma modification of metal-polymer interfaces for improved adhesion (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. The surfaces of Lexan Polycarbonate (PC) and ABS polymers were treated initially with low energy (300 eV) ion bombardment prior to and during deposition of a thin (200 nm) Al film. The effects on the adhesion characteristics, the type of ions used (Ar, N), and the type of bombardment (sputtering or during deposition) were studied for eight different deposition conditions for each polymer. The adhesion characteristics were compared by the tape and stud-pull tests. The ion beam treatment causes substantial improvement in adhesion strength in all seven cases where sputtering was involved. Based on the ion beam studies, and using statistically designed experiments, a new RF-sputtering-plasma technique was developed and tested in both laboratory and manufacturing environments. Results from the N/sub 2/-plasma treatment show drastic improvement in film adhesion to molded and clean polymers. Adhesion was compared again using the tape and stud pull tests. In the case of the stud-pull test for the PC samples, the failure was along the interface for the non-sputtered case only. In all others, with sputtering, we observed cohesive failure within the polymer, as confirmed by SEM. This suggests that the actual interface strength in all the sputtered cases was higher than that of the polymer itself. SEM, RES, and profilometry were used to study the failure modes, Al film quality, and the effect of morphology on adhesion characteristics, respectively. Surface roughness did not seem to be an important factor for adhesion improvement. XPS studies suggest that the Al is bonded in identical ways at the bombarded and virgin interfaces. Improved adhesion is likely due to surface sputter cleaning.
House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Resting Preference on Various Cords and Potential of Fipronil- or Indoxacarb- Impregnation on Cords for Fly Control (2011)

Fly preference for resting on various cords was evaluated, and preferred cords were impregnated with insecticides for control of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Numbers of house flies attracted to and resting on natural (manila, cotton, cotton wick, wool, and leather) and synthetic (nylon, polypropylene, and parachute cord) cords were counted. Synthetic cords attracted significantly fewer flies than natural cords, and the plant-based cords were more attractive than the animal-based cords. Manila cord had significantly more flies resting on it than any other cord. The most attractive cords were treated with 0.1% fipronil or 0.6% indoxacarb for laboratory testing. Insecticide-treated wool cord had the lowest LT50's (fipronil: LT50 = 12.9 h; indoxacarb LT50 = 32.6 h), and the impregnated cotton cord had the highest LT50's. The LT50's for the synthetic cords were significantly lower than those for the cotton and manila cords. Field evaluations in cages were conducted with wool cords impregnated with 0.1% fipronil or 1.2% indoxacarb. Both treatments significantly reduced fly counts at both 24 h and 48 h after placement, both initially and at 2-wk after treatment. Fipronil and indoxacarb both appear to be effective insecticides for house fly control, especially when they are applied to wool cords. With new active ingredients, insecticide-impregnated cords could be valuable tools in present-day urban, agriculture, and military fly management programs.
Effect of Unfilled Underfills on Drop Impact Reliability Performance of Area Array Packages (2006)

Board level drop test is one of the key qualification tests to ensure the solder joint reliability. It becomes critical due to lead free solder. In this paper, we study the effect of underfills on drop test performance of a fine-pitch ball grid array package (BGA), experimentally and numerically. Failure mode is also compared. There are good correlations between testing and modeling on the effect of underfill on failure modes and failure mechanisms of solder joints. Moreover, the results of testing and modeling show that important parameters affecting drop test performance are position of the package on the board, modulus of the underfill, and, circumstantially, the interfacial fracture toughness of the underfill. An unfilled underfill, as opposed to a silica-filled underfill, can provide satisfactory, or even superior, drop test performance if its interfacial fracture toughness is sufficiently high. The benefit of an unfilled underfill is better processability.
Factors affecting the performance of distributed applications (1984)

A major reason for the rarity of distributed applications, despite the proliferation of networks, is the sensitivity of their performance to various aspects of the network environment. Contrary to much popular opinion, we demonstrate that CPU speed remains the predominant factor. With respect to network issues, we focus on two approaches to performance enhancement: (1) Improving the performance of reliable, byte-stream protocols such as TCP; (2) the use of high-level protocols that reduce the frequency and volume of communication.
Rapid characterization of growth-arrest genes in transient transfection assays. (1995)

We developed a rapid assay for identifying growth-arrest genes to facilitate studies of cell cycle regulation. A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells were transiently transfected with two plasmids: (i) a pMSV beta Gal reporter construct expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) under transcriptional control of the murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat; and (ii) a eukaryotic expression vector driving transcription of a potential growth inhibitory c-DNA under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer. Twenty-four hours after transfection, cellular DNA was labeled for an additional 24 h with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label cellular DNA. After fixation, transfected cells were identified by histochemical staining with a beta-gal substrate, 6-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (i.e., Red-Gal). Transfected cells (beta-gal-positive) that traversed S phase (i.e., DNA synthesis) were quantified by indirect immunocytochemical staining for BrdU. Since autoradiography was not required to score for DNA synthesis, the length of experiments was much shorter than previously described growth-arrest assays performed with transiently transfected cells. Experiments with two growth-arrest genes, p53 and the p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, demonstrated the utility of this assay.
Corrigenda (1994)

A. H. Ingall, P. R. Moore, S. M. Roberts, K. Lu, C. Wang, H. Lee, L. Chen, Y. Wen, D. Milne, P. J. Murphy, S. Hung, C. Liao, H. C. Birrell, P. Camilleri, G. N. Okafo, G. Prakash, E. T. Kool, P. D. Boyle, S. Parsons, J. Passmore, D. J. Wood, H. Suemune, Y. Takahashi and K. Sakai, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 675 DOI: 10.1039/C39940000675
Dual-depletion, double-pass InGaAs photodetectors for efficient, high-speed operation (1995)

High-speed detectors are useful in a wide range of applications, including Lidar, fiber optics, and millimeter-wave optoelectronics. The fundamental limits of detector performance are the transit time across the depletion region and the rc time constant of the diode capacitance and the load resistor.1 Making the absorbing layer thinner makes the transit time lower, but it raises the capacitance, whereas thicker detectors have low capacitance but high transit times. This fundamental trade-off is resolved in an optimum thickness that is dependent on detector diameter and material constants.
The Consensus from the Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) Conference 2017 (2017)

On March 24 and 25, 2017 researchers and clinicians from around the world met at Temple University in Philadelphia to discuss the current knowledge of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> ssp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) and its relationship to human disease. The conference was held because of shared concern that MAP is a zoonotic bacterium that poses a threat not only to animal health but also human health. In order to further study this problem, the conferees discussed ways to improve MAP diagnostic tests and discussed potential future anti-MAP clinical trials. The conference proceedings may be viewed on the www.Humanpara.org website. A summary of the salient work in this field is followed by recommendations from a majority of the conferees.
Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) (2014)

This document specifies Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) data plane
interoperability functionality for Network Virtualization Overlays
(NVO3). These specifications are necessary for the interoperability
between an NVE and its attached tenant systems and between the NVEs.
Fluoroapatite: Efficient Catalyst for the Michael Addition. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
De novo serine synthesis regulates chondrocyte proliferation during bone development and repair (2022)

The majority of the mammalian skeleton is formed through endochondral ossification starting from a cartilaginous template. Cartilage cells, or chondrocytes, survive, proliferate and synthesize extracellular matrix in an avascular environment, but the metabolic requirements for these anabolic processes are not fully understood. Here, using metabolomics analysis and genetic in vivo models, we show that maintaining intracellular serine homeostasis is essential for chondrocyte function. De novo serine synthesis through phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH)-mediated glucose metabolism generates nucleotides that are necessary for chondrocyte proliferation and long bone growth. On the other hand, dietary serine is less crucial during endochondral bone formation, as serine-starved chondrocytes compensate by inducing PHGDH-mediated serine synthesis. Mechanistically, this metabolic flexibility requires ATF4, a transcriptional regulator of amino acid metabolism and stress responses. We demonstrate that both serine deprivation and PHGDH inactivation enhance ATF4 signaling to stimulate de novo serine synthesis and serine uptake, respectively, and thereby prevent intracellular serine depletion and chondrocyte dysfunction. A similar metabolic adaptability between serine uptake and de novo synthesis is observed in the cartilage callus during fracture repair. Together, the results of this study reveal a critical role for PHGDH-dependent serine synthesis in maintaining intracellular serine levels under physiological and serine-limited conditions, as adequate serine levels are necessary to support chondrocyte proliferation during endochondral ossification.
Empagliflozin and Left Ventricular Remodeling in People Without Diabetes: Primary Results of the EMPA-HEART 2 CardioLink-7 Randomized Clinical Trial (2022)

gov; Unique identifier: NCT04461041.
Spectroscopic phase microscopy for quantifying hemoglobin concentrations in intact red blood cells (2010)

We report a practical method for label-free quantification of specific molecules using spectroscopic imaging of sampleinduced phase shifts (for the detail, please see the Ref. [1]). Diffraction phase microscopy equipped with various wavelengths of light source is used to record wavelength-dependent phase images. We first perform dispersion measurements on pure solutions of single molecular species present in the cells, such as albumin and hemoglobin (Hb). With this prior calibration of molecular specific dispersion, we demonstrate the extraction of Hb concentration from individual red blood cells (RBCs). The end point of this study is non-invasive monitoring of physiological states of intact living cells.
Estrone Formate: A Novel Type of Irreversible Inhibitor of Human Steroid Sulfatase. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
S3422 Pediatric Laxative Overdoses Are Associated With Severe Dermal Reactions: Review of Reports to National Poison Data System (2021)

Introduction: Various herbs and plant extracts have been in continuous use as laxatives since ancient times. As such, laxatives are considered relatively benign with limited serious side effects. To this day, few studies have focused on laxative overdose. Most laxative overdoses in children are accidental, while adult overdoses are intentional. Diarrhea, electrolyte derangements, and dehydration are expected effects. However, skin reactions in young children from senna exposure have also been reported in a small study. We reviewed clinical findings of laxative overdose (including skin findings) in children and adults that were reported to The National Poison Data System (NPDS). Methods: NPDS collects data from the nation's 55 poison control centers. It houses more than 74 million cases of overdoses for more than 447,000 products. Data on laxative overdose from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 were downloaded and analyzed. Variables collected included demographics, product used, reason for overdose, clinical effects with special focus on various skin findings, and therapy was made. Data was divided into groups based on age: Children (18 years old or less) and adults ( >18 years old). Odds ratio (OR) of developing various skin findings for both groups were then calculated. Results: There were 4388 cases of laxative overdoses in the NPDS database for the study period. After removal of cases involving more than one substance, there were 1693 cases of laxative-only overdose. 677 (40%) were males and 1016 (60%) were females. The most common effects were diarrhea 917 (54%), vomiting 388 (23%), nausea 222 (13%), and various skin findings 210 (12%). Various skin findings included blisters, burns, erythema, dermal irritation/pain, hives/welts, and pruritus. Of 210 cases of skin involvement, 174 (83%) were in children and 30 (14%) were in adults and 6 were of unknown age. OR was markedly elevated for children for burns (OR = 5.6, standard error = 1.528). (See Table). Out of 210 cases, 139 (66%) cases involved stimulant laxatives. Conclusion: Children less than 18 years old are at a higher risk of getting a severe dermal reaction from laxative overdose, specifically stimulant laxatives.Table 1.: OR of burns occurring in children is significantly higher than adults. Although not statistically significant, OR of blisters in children was also found to be higher than adults.
Intra‐articular delivery of glucosamine for treatment of experimental osteoarthritis created by a medial meniscectomy in a rat model (2013)

Glucosamine (GlcN) is a naturally occurring amino-monosaccharide with putative chondroprotective activity. Optimum responses to GlcN are achieved at concentrations which are impractical with oral dosing. Intra-articular delivery of a bolus dose of GlcN is one way to overcome these pharmacokinetic obstacles. In this study we report the effects of exposing primary human chondrocytes to a bolus dose of GlcN. We also locally administered GlcN in the context of a meniscal transection model of rat osteoarthritis (OA). The knees of male rats were subjected to medial meniscal transection and developed arthritic changes over 4 weeks.Treatment groups were then given thrice weekly 100mL injections of 35 μg, 350 μg, 1.8 mg, or 3.5mg of GlcN dissolved in normal saline. Gross images, modified Mankin scores, and histomorphometric measurements were used as outcome measures. The 350 μg dosage of GlcN had the most significant positive impact on all components of the modified Mankin score. Together, these findings suggest the local delivery of high concentrations of GlcN is well tolerated and can suppress experimental OA through influences on both bone and cartilage.
Speed Detection of a Moving Object by a Microlens Array Sensor (2002)

移動体の2次元速度の検出には様々な方法が提案されている。本研究では, 昆虫の複眼においてレンズ, 受容体, 低次の神経系が一対一に対応していることにヒントを得て, 小さなシステムで移動物体の速度検出が可能であることを示す。マイクロレンズアレイを用いることによりレンズと受光素子の距離を短くし, 2つの局所的速度(local speed)を用いることで全体の速度(global speed)を検出した。
Collaborative Multiple-Access Protocols for Wireless Networks (2006)

In this paper, a new multiple access approach is proposed that takes into account the broadcast nature of the wireless channel. The new approach employs a relay to boost the system throughput. This approach is based on a new idea in which the relay utilizes the empty time slots available in a TDMA frame. The relay stores the packets that failed transmissions previous time slots. At each time slot, the relay listens to the channel and retransmits the packet at the head of its queue if the channel is free. This will better utilize the channel resources and will introduce on-demand spatial diversity into the network. Two different protocols are proposed to implement this new multiple-access scheme. The stability criteria of the associated queueing systems are studied and analytical expressions for the maximum stable throughput are provided for the symmetrical users case. Numerical results indicate a significant increase in the maximum stable throughput by using the new multiple-access protocol over pure TDMA.
Conserved repeats in diverged ice nucleation structural genes from two species ofPseudomonas (1986)

Sequence analysis shows that an ice nucleation gene (inaW) from Pseudomonas fluorescens is related to the inaZ gene of Pseudomonas syringae. The two genes have diverged by many amino acid substitutions, and have effectively randomized the third bases of homologous codons. By reference to their potential for change, it is shown that certain conserved features must have been maintained by selection pressure. In particular, their conservation of internal sequence repetition, with three orders of repeat periodicity in each gene, suggests that the pattern of repetition is significant to the gene products' function. We propose models for the structure of the gene products in which each order of periodicity would be required for the nucleation function.
Hidden-Action in Network Routing (2007)

In communication networks, such as the Internet or mobile ad-hoc networks, the actions taken by intermediate nodes or links are typically hidden from the communicating endpoints; all the endpoints can observe is whether or not the end-to-end transmission was successful. Therefore, in the absence of incentives to the contrary, rational (i.e., selfish) intermediaries may choose to forward messages at a low priority or simply not forward messages at all. Using a principal-agent model, we show how the hidden-action problem can be overcome through appropriate design of contracts in both the direct (the endpoints contract with each individual router directly) and the recursive (each router contracts with the next downstream router) cases. We further show that, depending on the network topology, per-hop or per-path monitoring may not necessarily improve the utility of the principal or the social welfare of the system.
The Effects of Soy Supplementation on Gene Expression in Breast Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study (2014)

Gene expression associated with soy intake and high plasma genistein defines a signature characterized by overexpression of FGFR2 and genes that drive cell cycle and proliferation pathways. These findings raise the concerns that in a subset of women soy could adversely affect gene expression in breast cancer.
Low‐Friction, Superhydrophobic, and Shape‐Memory Vulcanized Rubber Microspiked Structures (2020)

Multifunctional vulcanized rubber microspiked structures are prepared by a simple hot‐press process with a fine microstructured Si mold. The vulcanized rubber spiked structures reduce the friction coefficient by concentration of the load on the top of the spikes, as confirmed by a simple calculation of the relationship between the contact area and the friction force. The friction coefficient can also be controlled by elongation of the vulcanized rubber and the rubbing direction due to the changes in the arrangement of the spiked structures from hexagonal to anisotropic linear patterns without deformation of the spike structures. The vulcanized rubber spiked structures show additional functions such as superhydrophobicity and shape memory. The superhydrophobicity is realized by the fine microspiked structures, and the shape‐memory effect is generated by the vulcanized rubber properties. Therefore, folded spiked structures can be recovered to their original state by heat treatment, and superhydrophobicity regenerates. These results indicate that the surface microstructures can add further functionality to these materials. The simplicity of the preparation method required for this multifunctional vulcanized rubber offers great possibilities for the creation of superior products as there are many examples of such structural designs in nature.
Data from Ubiquitin Proteasome System Stress Underlies Synergistic Killing of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Bortezomib and a Novel HDAC6 Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Elevated metabolic activity of ovarian cancer cells causes increased ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) stress, resulting in their greater sensitivity to the toxic effects of proteasomal inhibition. The proteasomes and a potentially compensatory histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-dependent lysosomal pathway mediate eukaryotic protein turnover. We hypothesized that up-regulation of the HDAC6-dependent lysosomal pathway occurs in response to UPS stress and proteasomal inhibition, and thus, ovarian cancer cell death can be triggered most effectively by coinhibition of both the proteasome- and HDAC6-dependent protein degradation pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; To address this hypothesis, we examined HDAC6 expression patterns in normal and cancerous ovarian tissues and used a novel HDAC6-specific inhibitor, NK84, to address HDAC6 function in ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Abnormally high levels of HDAC6 are expressed by ovarian cancer cells &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; and in culture relative to benign epithelium and immortalized ovarian surface epithelium, respectively. Specific HDAC6 inhibition acts in synergy with the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (PS-341) to cause selective apoptotic cell death of ovarian cancer cells at doses that do not cause significant toxicity when used individually. Levels of UPS stress regulate the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to proteasome/HDAC6 inhibition. Pharmacologic inhibition of HDAC6 also reduces ovarian cancer cell spreading and migration consistent with its known function in regulating microtubule polymerization via deacetylation of α-tubulin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Our results suggest the elevation of both the proteasomal and alternate HDAC6-dependent proteolytic pathways in ovarian cancer and the potential of combined inhibition of proteasome and HDAC6 as a therapy for ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Proline-rich Sequence-mediated Jak2 Association to the Prolactin Receptor Is Required but Not Sufficient for Signal Transduction (1995)

The prolactin receptor (PRLR) belongs to the superfamily of cytokine/growth hormone/prolactin receptors. Members of this family do not contain a tyrosine kinase domain but are associated with cytoplasmic kinases of the Jak family. Here, we examine different mutants of the PRLR with respect to their ability to associate and activate the kinase Jak2 and the transcription factor Stat1. Moreover, using a biological assay system we are able to correlate these activities with activation of prolactin-responsive gene transcription. Our results indicate that interaction between Jak2 and PRLR requires a proline-rich sequence in the membrane proximal region of the receptor, which is conserved among the different members of the cytokine receptor superfamily. We also show that association of Jak2 with the receptor is sufficient for activation of the kinase as well as the transcription factor Stat1. Moreover, our findings indicate that association of PRLR with Jak2 is necessary but not sufficient for the transmission of a lactogenic signal. We have identified two other cytoplasmic regions of the PRLR that are required for activation of transcription. These two regions are located between boxes 1 and 2 and are in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the receptor. These sites probably involve specific interactions with other effector molecules.