gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
J0801-3-5 Multistage oxidation of DME in micro floweactor with controlled temperature profile (2009)

Ignition and combustion characteristics of stoichiometric Dimethyl ether (DME)/Air mixture are investigated by using a micro flowreactor with controlled temperature profile which is smoothly increasing from the room temperature to the ignition temperature. Special attention is paid to the multi-stage oxidation in low temperature oxidation. Various flame responses were observed by changing incoming mixture velocity. Stable double weak luminous zones at low velocity region are observed. One-dimensional computation with detail chemistry showed stationary three-stage oxidation defined by the triple peaks in the heat release rate profile at relevant low velocity region. To interpret discrepancy between experimental double weak flames and computational triple flames, gas sampling was conducted for obtaining major species distributions in the flowreactor. The results indicated that low-temperature oxidation occurs in the upstream side of the experimental first luminous zone. Thus, three-stage oxidation can be indi9ated as a stationary phenomon experimentally and computationally.
Influence of Carrier Particle Morphology on the Performance of Dry Powder inhalers (2010)

In order to reach the deep lung API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) particles must have an aerodynamic diameter of 1 Î¼m to 5 Î¼m. [...]
Stochastic Deep Unfolding for Imaging Inverse Problems (2021)

Deep unfolding networks are rapidly gaining attention for solving imaging inverse problems. However, the computational and memory complexity of existing deep unfolding networks scales with the size of the full measurement set, limiting their applicability to certain large-scale imaging inverse problems. We propose SCRED-Net as a novel methodology that introduces a stochastic approximation to the unfolded regularization by denoising (RED) algorithm. Our method uses only a subset of measurements within each cascade block, making it scalable to a large number of measurements for efficient end-to-end training. We present numerical results showing the effectiveness of SCRED-Net on intensity diffraction tomography (IDT) and sparse-view computed tomography (CT). Our results show that SCRED-Net matches the performance of a batch deep unfolding network at a fraction of training and operational complexity.
STM/STS Observation of Polyoxoanions on HOPG Surfaces:  the Wheel-Shaped [Cu20Cl(OH)24(H2O)12(P8W48O184)]25- and the Ball-Shaped [{Sn(CH3)2(H2O)}24{Sn(CH3)2}12(A-PW9O34)12]36- (2006)

A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) techniques have been performed on the wheel-shaped [Cu20Cl(OH)24(H2O)12(P8W48O184)]25- and the ball-shaped [{Sn(CH3)2(H2O)}24{Sn(CH3)2}12(A-PW9O34)12]36- deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces. Small, regular molecule clusters, as well as separated single molecules, were observed. The size of the molecules is in agreement with the data determined by X-ray crystallography. In STS measurements, we found a rather large contrast at the expected location of the Cu metal centers in our molecules, i.e., the location of the individual Cu ions in their organic matrix is directly addressable by STS.
A short discourse on vascular tissue engineering (2017)

Vascular tissue engineering has significant potential to make a major impact on a wide array of clinical problems. Continued progress in understanding basic vascular biology will be invaluable in making further advancements. Past and current achievements in tissue engineering of microvasculature to perfuse organ specific constructs, small vessels for dialysis grafts, and modified synthetic and pediatric large caliber-vessel grafts will be discussed. An emphasis will be placed on clinical trial results with small and large-caliber vessel grafts. Challenges to achieving engineered constructs that satisfy the physiologic, immunologic, and manufacturing demands of engineered vasculature will be explored.
Sequential Induction of NF-κB/Rel Family Proteins during B-Cell Terminal Differentiation (1994)

The NF-kappa B/Rel family of at least five transcription factor polypeptides is thought to function both as a developmental regulator in B cells and as a rapid response system in all cells. To examine this notion in more detail, we determined the protein contents of both the inducible and constitutive NF-kappa B/Rel activities in a pre-B-cell line, 70Z/3, and a mature B-cell line, WEHI 231. NF-kappa B p50/p65 is the major inducible nuclear complex after lipopolysaccharide or phorbol myristate acetate treatment of 70Z/3 cells. The constitutive and inducible complexes in WEHI 231 cells are mainly composed of p50 and Rel. The constitutive or induced activities are all sensitive to I kappa B-alpha, but this inhibitor is very short-lived in WEHI 231 cells, suggesting that the balance between synthesis and degradation of I kappa B-alpha determines whether a particular cell lineage has constitutive activity. A patterned expression of the NF-kappa B/Rel activator proteins emerges from an analysis of other B-lineage cell lines and splenic B cells: mainly p50 and p65 in pre-B (and non-B) cells, a predominance of Rel and p50 in mature B cells, and expression of p52 and RelB in plasmacytoma lines. This ordered pattern of regulators may reflect the requirement for expression of different genes during terminal B-cell differentiation because different combinations of NF-kappa B/Rel family members preferentially activate distinct kappa B sites in reporter constructs.
Designing a small-sized autonomous underwater vehicle architecture for regular periodic fish-cage net inspection (2017)

Fish-cage dysfunctionalities in aquaculture installations can trigger significant negative consequences in the operational costs. Fish escapes due to problems in the infrastructure or increased death rates as a result of the existing environmental conditions are just a few of the most common reasons. Therefore, frequent periodic inspection of fish-cage nets is required, which can become a very expensive task. Small sized, low-cost autonomous devices can offer a lower cost alternative solution, providing also more frequent inspection and efficient timely alarming capabilities. In this paper, the design and operational characteristics of a small-sized Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) architecture are presented, yielding to a powerful tool for regular periodic fish-cage net inspection in terms of net holes and fouling. The proposed AUV system consists of different sensing components and utilizes advanced optical recognition techniques to automatically navigate within the aquaculture installation and detect fish-cage nets dysfunctionalities. Preliminary results extracted under the testing procedure in real conditions indicate that the proposed framework can prove a cost-effective, flexible and operative solution to provide appropriate corrective measures in order to eliminate fish escapes and minimise related maintenance and repair costs in fish infrastructure.
Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Potential of V2O3 Surface Coatings for Hydrogen Permeable Vanadium Membranes (2018)

A grand challenge of vanadium-based H2 permeable membranes is the development of effective, cheap, and stable catalysts to facilitate H2 dissociation and recombination. This work investigates a facile air treatment to form catalytically active vanadium oxide on the surfaces of dense vanadium foils. The treatment consisted of short air exposure followed by H2 reduction at 823 K, which produced a well-faceted and nanocrystalline V2O3 layer on the foil surfaces. The resulting membranes displayed a stable H2 permeability of 2 ± 0.25 × 10–8 mol·m–1·s–1·Pa–0.5, but transient declines in permeation were observed when operated at both elevated and reduced temperatures. DFT calculations revealed that V2O3 (0001) surfaces display barriers and adsorption energies for H2 dissociation/recombination that are comparable to those of known H2 activation catalysts. It was found that H2 dissociation is expected to proceed spontaneously on metal-terminated V2O3, with recombinative-desorption anticipated as the rate limiting step.
Analysis of a Graphene/Ultrathin Graphite Heat Exchanger for Aerospace Thermal Management (2011)

Fast evolving techniques for macroscale graphene and ultrathin graphite material production are promising for applications of graphene-based materials in thermal management. A numerical comparison of aluminium and graphene-based plate-fin heat exchangers is conducted. Anisotropic thermal conductivity of graphene-based solution shows an improvement of up to twenty percent in heat rejection over the aluminium design. Thermal and hydraulic performance is characterized for both designs over a range of air flow rates in both laminar and turbulent regimes. Steady and unsteady 3-D conjugate simulations reveal a faster equilibration rate for the graphene-based solution, minimizing thermal lag that must be accounted for in on-demand electronics cooling. The combination of improved heat rejection, rapid response rate, and low material density make a graphene-based solution uniquely suited to aerospace thermal management.
ÖZNEL İYİ OLUŞ: GENEL BİR BAKIŞ (2018)

Toplumsal ve kişisel yararları, demografik bağıntıları, köken teorileri ve kültürle olan ilişkileri açısından öznel iyi oluş alanında kapsamlı bir gözden geçirme sunuyoruz. Ekonomik ve sosyal göstergelerle birlikte hem ulusların içerisindeki yaşam kalitesini ortaya çıkarmak hem de geliştirmek amacıyla kamu politikası için ulusal iyi oluş hesaplarının oluşturulması ve kullanılması gerektiği argümanının yanı sıra iyi oluşu artıracak müdahaleler de sunulmaktadır.
Design aspects of X-ray grating interferometry (2012)

Considerations are made for the design of X-ray grating interferometers in general and, in particular, for the case of a parallel beam with a high degree of spatial coherence. We specifically discuss the properties of different types of gratings and the interdependence of instrument parameters and performance characteristics.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Activation of the Glutamate Receptor GRM1 Enhances Angiogenic Signaling to Drive Melanoma Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 237KB, Supplemental Figure 3: Stable GRM1 knock-down cells lines were obtained by shRNA. 50% GRM1 protein level decrease in UACC9093-G4 cells dramatically decreased VEGF secretion, but 50% GRM1 protein level decrease in UACC903-G2 was not sufficient to decrease IL8 secretion to lower than that of untreated UACC903-G4.&lt;/p&gt;
Detailed FEM Analysis Considering the Excitation History for Full Scale Shaking Table Test Applying Multiple Times Seismic Excitations (2016)

建築構造物の数値解析精度を確認するために、数多くの実大震動台実験のシミュレーションが行われている。近年では、コンピュータの目覚ましい発展により建築構造物全体を詳細なメッシュで分割して解析を行う詳細有限要素解析に関する取り組みも報告され、高精度な解析が可能であることが示されている。ところで、通常の震動台実験では、複数回の加振が行われている。しかしながら鋼構造建物を対象とした詳細有限要素モデルで、加振履歴を考慮した数値解析例は筆者の知る限り存在しない。そこで本研究では実大震動台実験を対象として、高精度な解析が可能である詳細有限要素解析を用いて、加振履歴を考慮した数値解析を行い、実験と同様に加振履歴を考慮することが解析による実験結果再現性向上のために重要であることを示した。
Crystal engineering [2+2] photodimerizations via templates and hydrogen bonds: case of styrylthiophenes (2015)

Crystal engineering strategies have been used to modify solid-state packings to direct [2+2] photodimerizations of olefinic compounds that are photostable as pure solids. The strategies have herein been expanded to achieve rare [2+2] photodimerizations of styrylthiophenes. Two co-crystallization approaches based on hydrogen-bond-driven self-assembly are employed to achieve the photodimerizations that yield regioisomers of a β-substituted thiophene. We expect the co-crystal strategies can be applied to modify solid-state packing as well as achieve photodimerizations of olefins substituted with other unique organic functional groups.
Correlation between manganese dissolution and dynamic phase stability in spinel-based lithium-ion battery (2019)

Historically long accepted to be the singular root cause of capacity fading, transition metal dissolution has been reported to severely degrade the anode. However, its impact on the cathode behavior remains poorly understood. Here we show the correlation between capacity fading and phase/surface stability of an LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode. It is revealed that a combination of structural transformation and transition metal dissolution dominates the cathode capacity fading. LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> exhibits irreversible phase transitions driven by manganese(III) disproportionation and Jahn-Teller distortion, which in conjunction with particle cracks results in serious manganese dissolution. Meanwhile, fast manganese dissolution in turn triggers irreversible structural evolution, and as such, forms a detrimental cycle constantly consuming active cathode components. Furthermore, lithium-rich LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with lithium/manganese disorder and surface reconstruction could effectively suppress the irreversible phase transition and manganese dissolution. These findings close the loop of understanding capacity fading mechanisms and allow for development of longer life batteries.
Abstract IA28: Towards a therapy for Angelman syndrome by targeting a long noncoding RNA to active UBE3A (2016)

Abstract Angelman syndrome (AS) is a single gene disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, behavioral uniqueness, speech impairment, seizures, and ataxia. It is caused by maternal deficiency of the imprinted gene UBE3A, encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase. All patients carry at least one copy of paternal UBE3A, which is intact but silenced by a nuclear-localized long non-coding RNA, UBE3A antisense transcript (UBE3A-ATS). Murine Ube3a-ATS reduction by either transcription termination or topoisomerase I inhibition increased paternal Ube3a expression. Despite a clear understanding of the disease-causing event in AS and the potential to harness the intact paternal allele to correct disease, no gene-specific treatment exists for patients. Here we developed a potential therapeutic intervention for AS by reducing Ube3a-ATS with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). ASO treatment achieved specific reduction of Ube3a-ATS and sustained unsilencing of paternal Ube3a in neurons in vitro and in vivo. Partial restoration of UBE3A protein in an AS mouse model ameliorated some cognitive deficits associated with the disease. Although additional studies of phenotypic correction are needed, for the first time we developed a sequence-specific and clinically feasible method to activate expression of the paternal Ube3a allele. Citation Format: Linyan Meng, Amanda J. Ward, C. Frank Bennett, Arthur Beaudet, Frank Rigo. Towards a therapy for Angelman syndrome by targeting a long noncoding RNA to active UBE3A. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA28.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Arthroscopic Femoroacetabular Impingement Surgery in the National Football League (2017)

There was a very high rate of RTP in the NFL after arthroscopic FAI surgery; this rate is higher than what has been previously reported for other orthopaedic procedures in NFL athletes. Additionally, these NFL athletes achieved RTP at a faster time frame (6 months) than previously reported for other procedures. These findings have important implications for counseling elite football players about the expected outcome of arthroscopic FAI surgery.
Role of COL4A1 in Small-Vessel Disease and Hemorrhagic Stroke (2006)

Small-vessel diseases of the brain underlie 20 to 30 percent of ischemic strokes and a larger proportion of intracerebral hemorrhages. In this report, we show that a mutation in the mouse Col4a1 gene, encoding procollagen type IV alpha1, predisposes both newborn and adult mice to intracerebral hemorrhage. Surgical delivery of mutant mice alleviated birth-associated trauma and hemorrhage. We identified a COL4A1 mutation in a human family with small-vessel disease. We concluded that mutation of COL4A1 may cause a spectrum of cerebrovascular phenotypes and that persons with COL4A1 mutations may be predisposed to hemorrhage, especially after environmental stress.
A note on a study of cases (1987)

This document is an enlarged version of the Note published in ‘Computational Linguistics’ 13, 1987, 65-68; it formed the first part of ‘Material concerning a study of cases’, Technical
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Zinc‐Catalyzed Simmons—Smith Reaction: Access to Various 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted Cyclopropanes. (2014)

Abstract The high reactivity of aryldiazomethanes towards zinc allows for catalytical generation of the intermediary carbenoids.
Cyclic Voltammetry (2002)

Abstract A system is completely characterized from an electrochemical point of view if its behavior in the three‐dimensional (3D) space composed of current, potential, and time is fully specified. In theory, from such phenomenologic data one can determine all of the system's controlling thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, including the mechanism of charge transfer, rate constants, diffusion coefficients, standard redox potentials, electron stoichiometry, and reactant concentrations. The enormous information content and complexity of electrochemical dynamics in the current‐potential‐time domain introduces two major experimental complications associated with electrochemical data. First is the pragmatic consideration of how much time is necessary to obtain a sufficiently complete data set to allow for a useful analysis. The second, far more serious complication is that different charge‐transfer mechanisms often translate into subtle changes in the i ( E , t ) response. Thus, even after one has access to a complete data set, visual inspection is typically an insufficient means to determine the mechanism of charge transfer. Furthermore, knowledge of this mechanism is critical to determining the correct approach to data analysis. Thus, given the requisite data set, one must rely on a series of large calculations to move from the data to chemically meaningful parameters. The approach described so far is of limited value as a survey tool, or as a global mechanistic probe of electrochemical phenomena. It is, however, a powerful technique for obtaining precise thermodynamic and kinetic parameters once the reaction mechanism is known. The mathematical resolution to the problem posed here is to consider the projection of the i ( E , t ) surface onto a plane that is not parallel to the i ‐ E ‐ t axis system. This is the basis of cyclic voltammetry. A single projection is not sufficient to completely characterize a system; however, if judiciously chosen, a limited set of projections (on the order of a half dozen) will provide sufficient information to determine the reaction mechanism and obtain the key reaction parameters to relatively high precision. Perhaps more importantly, reduction of the data to two dimensions allows one to determine the mechanism based on pattern recognition, and thus no calculational effort is required. The qualitative aspect of cyclic voltammetry has made it a general tool for the evaluation of electrochemical systems. With regard to materials specifically, the technique has found use as a method for investigating the electrosynthesis of materials (including conducting polymers and redox‐produced crystalline inorganics), the mechanism of corrosion processes, the electrocatalytic nature of various metallic systems, and the photoelectrochemical properties of semiconducting junctions. Here a general description of the cyclic voltammetric technique is provided along with some examples focusing on materials science applications.
A Versatile Route to the Controlled Synthesis of Gold Nanostructures (2009)

This investigation demonstrates a versatile route for the synthesis of multishaped gold nanoparticles (such as spherical nanoparticles, bipyramids, nanorods, nanowires, T- and star-shaped nanoparticles, and triangular nanoplates) that can be controlled by varying the conditions. Morphological, structural, and spectral changes that are associated with the seed-mediated growth of the nanoparticles in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were systematically examined. A mechanism of the fabrication of these multishaped gold nanostructures is also proposed. This approach for generating variously shaped gold nanostructures may be useful in the design of novel materials with improved optical and structural properties.
Active 2D materials for on‐chip nanophotonics and quantum optics (2017)

Abstract Two‐dimensional materials have emerged as promising candidates to augment existing optical networks for metrology, sensing, and telecommunication, both in the classical and quantum mechanical regimes. Here, we review the development of several on‐chip photonic components ranging from electro‐optic modulators, photodetectors, bolometers, and light sources that are essential building blocks for a fully integrated nanophotonic and quantum photonic circuit.
Load-pull techniques and their applications in power amplifiers design (invited) (2011)

This paper reviews and discusses most common load-pull techniques used in the design of power amplifiers (PAs). It also discusses and elaborates on the specific change in load-pull configuration required in order to make them optimally useful for on-wafer device characterization. Finally, distinct case studies for device characterization and PA design that utilizes a load-pull system is reported.
The Humanity of a Baylor Surgeon: A Tribute to Zeck Lieberman (2008)

Editor's note: On March 25, 2008, Zelig (“Zeck”) Lieberman, MD, was recognized at a reception at the Crescent Club marking his 50th anniversary at Baylor University Medical Center. More than 115 friends, family members, and associates gathered to pay tribute to Dr. Lieberman for his commitment to the surgical oncology profession as well as his dedication to Baylor. Dr. Fordtran delivered the following tribute during the event. Culminating the evening's celebrations, Rowland K. Robinson, president of the Baylor Health Care System Foundation, and Joel Allison, president and chief executive officer of the Baylor Health Care System, presented Dr. Lieberman with a plaque for his extraordinary service.
Feedback stabilization of nonholonomic systems in presence of obstacles (2002)

A class of iterative methods have recently been proposed for the path planning of nonholonomic systems. These methods warp an initial path iteratively to an acceptable final path by using Newton-Raphson or gradient type of algorithms. Once a path is found off-line, a feedback controller is then used to follow the path. In this paper, we propose a modification of these off-line methods to transform them directly into a feedback controller. The main idea is to couple the iteration variable to the actual time, thus the control is executed during the path iteration, before the convergence. We show that this scheme guarantees the closed loop asymptotic stability when the system model is known, and possesses certain robustness when the model information is imperfect. By using interior penalty functions, inequality constraints can also be handled by the algorithm. Simulation results are included, showing promise of the approach.
Trellis-Coded High-Dimensional Modulation for Polarization Crosstalk Self Cancellation in Coherent Optical Communications (2015)

We propose new trellis-coded high-dimensional modulation (TC-HDM) robust to polarization crosstalk in coherent optical communications. Since the modulation can automatically recover polarization crosstalk, it offers 2 dBQ improvement through the use of blind equalization.