gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi-site field study of crowdsourced contextual help (2013)

We present a multi-site field study to evaluate LemonAid, a crowdsourced contextual help approach that allows users to retrieve relevant questions and answers by making selections within the interface. We deployed LemonAid on 4 different web sites used by thousands of users and collected data over several weeks, gathering over 1,200 usage logs, 168 exit surveys, and 36 one-on-one interviews. Our results indicate that over 70% of users found LemonAid to be helpful, intuitive, and desirable for reuse. Software teams found LemonAid easy to integrate with their sites and found the analytics data aggregated by LemonAid a novel way of learning about users' popular questions. Our work provides the first holistic picture of the adoption and use of a crowdsourced contextual help system and offers several insights into the social and organizational dimensions of implementing such help systems for real-world applications.
Shunting, optic nerve sheath fenestration and dural venous stenting for medically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-diversion procedures have traditionally been the standard of treatment for patients with medically refractive idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). However, dural venous sinus stent (VSS) placement has been described as a safe and effective procedure for the management of medically refractive IIH. We performed a meta-analysis comparing outcomes and complications of CSF-diversion procedures, VSS and optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) for the treatment of medically refractive IIH. Methods: Electronic searches were performed using six databases from 1988 to January 2017. Data was extracted and meta-analysed from the identified studies. Results: From 55 pooled studies, there were 538 CSF-diversion cases, 224 dural venous stent placements, and 872 ONSF procedures. Similar improvements were found in terms of postoperative headaches (CSF vs. VSS vs. ONSF: 84% vs. 78% vs. 62%, P=0.223), papilledema (CSF vs. VSS vs. ONSF: 71% vs. 86% vs. 77%, P=0.192), whilst visual acuity changes favored venous stenting (CSF vs. VSS vs. ONSF: 55% vs. 69% vs. 44%, P=0.037). There was a significantly lower rate of subsequent procedures with venous stent placement (CSF vs. VSS vs. ONSF: 37% vs. 13% vs. 18%, P<0.001), but other complication rates were similar (CSF vs. VSS vs. ONSF: 13% vs. 8% vs. 14%, P=0.28). Subgroup analysis of lumbar-peritoneal vs. ventriculoperitoneal shunts found no differences in symptom improvements, complications and subsequent procedure rates. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that dural venous sinus stenting may be a viable alternative to traditional surgical interventions in patients who are refractory to medical treatment.
Treatment of Adenovirus Disease in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients with Cidofovir (2007)

Invasive adenovirus (AdV) disease is fatal in >50% of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients. Treatment with cidofovir may improve outcomes based on in vitro susceptibility data and case reports. Six consecutive cases of invasive AdV disease treated with cidofovir were reviewed among 84 allogeneic adult SCT recipients (incidence, 7.1%). Cidofovir was administered intravenously at 5 mg/kg per dose (1-7 doses). All patients received intravenous immune globulin. Blood AdV DNA levels (viral loads, VLs) were monitored with a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Published reports of cidofovir treatment of AdV disease in SCT recipients were critically reviewed. The primary manifestations of AdV disease were hepatitis (n = 3), colitis (n = 2), and nephritis (n = 1). All patients had detectable AdV VLs, with peak values from 5 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(8) copies/mL. All patients received CD34+ selected grafts (n = 3) and/or had graft-versus-host disease (n = 4) and had CD4 counts <100 cells/mm3. Only 1 of 5 patients (20%) who received >or=2 doses of cidofovir died with active AdV disease. Four patients exhibited improvement within days of treatment with cidofovir as documented by clinical criteria and declines in AdV VLs (without a change in immunosuppression). In contrast, 1 patient treated late after onset of AdV disease died after 1 dose of cidofovir. In our review of 70 published cases treated with >or=2 doses of cidofovir, 13 (19%) died from AdV disease. In conclusion, early treatment of AdV disease with cidofovir inhibits viral replication in vivo and reduces mortality in allogeneic SCT recipients compared with historical data.
A Practical Tool for Modeling Biospecimen User Fees (2014)

The question of how best to attribute the unit costs of the annotated biospecimen product that is provided to a research user is a common issue for many biobanks. Some of the factors influencing user fees are capital and operating costs, internal and external demand and market competition, and moral standards that dictate that fees must have an ethical basis. It is therefore important to establish a transparent and accurate costing tool that can be utilized by biobanks and aid them in establishing biospecimen user fees. To address this issue, we built a biospecimen user fee calculator tool, accessible online at www.biobanking.org . The tool was built to allow input of: i) annual operating and capital costs; ii) costs categorized by the major core biobanking operations; iii) specimen products requested by a biobank user; and iv) services provided by the biobank beyond core operations (e.g., histology, tissue micro-array); as well as v) several user defined variables to allow the calculator to be adapted to different biobank operational designs. To establish default values for variables within the calculator, we first surveyed the members of the Canadian Tumour Repository Network (CTRNet) management committee. We then enrolled four different participants from CTRNet biobanks to test the hypothesis that the calculator tool could change approaches to user fees. Participants were first asked to estimate user fee pricing for three hypothetical user scenarios based on their biobanking experience (estimated pricing) and then to calculate fees for the same scenarios using the calculator tool (calculated pricing). Results demonstrated significant variation in estimated pricing that was reduced by calculated pricing, and that higher user fees are consistently derived when using the calculator. We conclude that adoption of this online calculator for user fee determination is an important first step towards harmonization and realistic user fees.
Pump Absorption in Rare-Earth Doped Double Clad Fibers: A 3-Parameter Model (2014)

We introduce a 3-parameter model to accurately capture the recently proposed, physically based, distribution function representation of pump absorption in rare-earth-doped double-clad fibers. This model allows for simple evaluation of wavelength resolved, length dependent absorption.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of (-)-Alstonerine and (+)-Macroline as Well as a Partial Synthesis of (+)-Villalstonine (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantiospecific Synthesis of (-)-Alstonerine and (+)-Macroline as Well as a Partial Synthesis of (+)-VillalstonineYingzhi Bi, Lin-Hua Zhang, Linda K. Hamaker, and James M. CookCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 20, 9027–9041Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00099a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00099a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1134Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solution-Based Chemical Synthesis of Boehmite Nanofibers and Alumina Nanorods (2005)

This article reports an easy chemical method of synthesizing boehmite nanofibers by a modified sol-gel process involving aluminum isopropoxide precursor. Nanorods of gamma-alumina have been successfully prepared after dehydration of the viscous sol at 600 degrees C for 4 h in air. The boehmite nanofibers and gamma-alumina nanorods were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for surface chemistry and functional groups, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction, and energy-dispersed spectroscopy for morphology and structure identification. The length of the boehmite nanofibers was found to be more than 10 mum with a crystalline lattice structure. The mechanism of formation of the boehmite nanofibers included the preferential growth along the longitudinal axis due to interaction between the solvent molecules and the surface OH- groups of hydrogen bonds. It is also suggested that the boehmite nanofibers may have formed due to the inherent instability of the planar structure of the boehmite lattice. The diameter of the gamma-alumina nanorods was found to be less than 10 nm with a varying length in the range of 50-200 nm. Boehmite to gamma-Al2O3 transformation was attributed to the loss of water molecules by internal condensation of protons and hydroxyl ions.
Yb3+doped ribbon fiber for high-average power lasers and amplifiers (2014)

Diffraction-limited high power lasers in the region of 10s of kW to greater than 100 kW are needed for defense, manufacturing and future science applications. A balance of thermal lensing and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) for narrowband amplifiers and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) for broadband amplifiers is likely to limit the average power of circular core fiber amplifiers to 2 kW (narrowband) or 36 kW (broadband). A ribbon fiber, which has a rectangular core, operating in a high order mode can overcome these obstacles by increasing mode area without becoming thermal lens limited and without the on-axis intensity peak associated with circular high order modes. High order ribbon fiber modes can also be converted to a fundamental Gaussian mode with high efficiency for applications in which this is necessary. We present an Yb-doped, air clad, optical fiber having an elongated, ribbon-like core having an effective mode area of area of 600 μm² and an aspect ratio of 13:1. As an amplifier, the fiber produced 50% slope efficiency and a seed-limited power of 10.5 W, a gain of 24 dB. As an oscillator, the fiber produced multimode power above 40 W with 71% slope efficiency and single mode power above 5 W with 44% slope efficiency. The multimode M2 beam quality factor of the fiber was 1.6 in the narrow dimension and 15 in the wide dimension.
Erratum to: Smoking, Porphyromonas gingivalis and the immune response to citrullinated autoantigens before the clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis in a Southern European nested case–control study (2016)

After publication of the original article [1], the publisher was notified that there was a spelling error in one of the author’s surnames. Danae Apatzidou’s surname was erroneously spelled ‘Apazidou’.
Fabrication of contact/via holes for 32-nm technology device using cost-effective RIE CD shrink process and double patterning technique (2008)

We have developed a cost-effective critical dimension (CD) shrink technique that allows all-in-one processing of CD shrinking, BARC etching, hard mask etching, and resist stripping in a reactive ion etcher (RIE) for the double patterning (DP) required in the formation of contact and via hole masks with the most critical exposure margins. This CD shrink technique was successfully applied to achieve a CD shrinkage of 60 nm and a CD uniformity of within 3 nm at 3 sigma over the wafer surface. We also determined that the CD shrink technique that employs RIE differs from CD shrink by resolution enhancement lithography assisted by chemical shrink (RELACS) [1] and low-temperature molecular layer deposition (MLD) in having an effect of expanding the lithography process window. We successfully applied our technique to form a 30-nm CD hole pattern with a duty ratio of 1:1.
Transformation of optimal control lagrange problems to Mayer problems with feedback linearized state equations (2001)

Optimal solution of classes of Mayer problems with feedback linearizable state equations possess unique structures. A number of special numerical algorithms are available to construct their optimal solution. In this paper, we investigate the following question: What classes of optimal control Lagrange problems can be transformed to Mayer problems with feedback linearized state equations?. Using the results of this question, the structure of the optimal solution for a Mayer problem can be extended to the solution of the original Lagrange problem.
Detergent-induced solubilization of cytochrome c oxidase as detected in a novel reconstituted system. (1984)

A preparation of reconstituted cytochrome oxidase vesicles in which the enzyme is oriented facing inwards (such that it cannot interact with external cytochrome c) is described. No oxidase activity is expressed by these vesicles unless they are disrupted, allowing influx of cytochrome c or exposure of the oxidase-binding site to the external medium. We have exploited this property to follow detergent-induced solubilization of the membrane, a technique which allows membrane disruption and enzyme activity to be monitored simultaneously. This protocol can be employed to investigate the properties and mechanism of action of detergents as is illustrated for several ionic and nonionic detergents.
Pathogenesis of Pre-Neoplastic Lesions of the Stomach: Targets for Prevention (2004)

Gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are generally considered to be precancerous lesions of the stomach. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is one the most important factors in the development of these pre-malignant gastric lesions. In addition to bacterial factors, polymorphisms in the cytokine genes of the host that modulate inflammatory responses are found to have a synergistic effect in the development of gastric cancer as well as pre-neoplastic lesions. Recently, inappropriate activation of the intestine-specific transcription factor like the homeobox gene complex CDX1 and CDX2 are found to be an important contributing factor in the induction of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach. Aberrant expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and epigenetic changes are also frequently detected in pre-neoplastic gastric lesions. One of the most important questions relating to these pre-neoplastic gastric lesions is that whether H. pylori eradication could reverse these changes. However, most controlled studies showed no or just modest improvement in intestinal metaplasia after H. pylori eradication. Further studies should evaluate the role of other chemopreventive agents, particularly cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on regression of pre-neoplastic lesions.
ChemInform Abstract: ORIENTIERUNGSPROBLEM BEI DER ALKALISCHEN HALOGENIERUNG VON BUTANON‐(2) (1972)

Abstract Der Mechanismus der durch NaOH induzierten Bromierung (mit NaOBr) von Butanon‐(2) in wäßriger Lösung bei 25°C wird untersucht.
Inequivalence of weak localization and coherent backscattering (1994)

We define a current-conserving approximation for the local conductivity tensor of a disordered system which includes the effects of weak localization. Using this approximation we show that the weak localization effect in conductance is not obtained simply from the diagram corresponding to the coherent backscattering peak observed in optical experiments. Other diagrams contribute to the effect at the same order and decrease its value. These diagrams appear to have no semiclassical analogues, a fact which may have implications for the semiclassical theory of chaotic systems. The effects of discrete symmetries on weak localization in disordered conductors are evaluated and compared to results from chaotic scatterers.
Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia (2019)

Blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. To dissect the polygenic basis of these traits, we conducted genome-wide association screens in 19,840 individuals and replication in up to 20,623 individuals. We identified 30 distinct loci associated with lipoprotein concentrations (each with P less than 5 × 10−8), including 11 loci that reached genome-wide significance for the first time. The 11 newly defined loci include common variants associated with LDL cholesterol near ABCG8, MAFB, HNF1A and TIMD4; with HDL cholesterol near ANGPTL4, FADS1-FADS2-FADS3, HNF4A, LCAT, PLTP and TTC39B; and with triglycerides near AMAC1L2, FADS1-FADS2-FADS3 and PLTP. The proportion of individuals exceeding clinical cut points for high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides varied according to an allelic dosage score (P less than 10−15 for each trend). These results suggest that the cumulative effect of multiple common variants contributes to polygenic dyslipidemia.
Synergistic effects of cabozantinib to temozolomide and bevacizumab in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed uterine leiomyosarcoma. (2015)

5590 Background: Although uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) has been treated with adriamycin, dacarbazine, ifosfamide, gemcitabine, docetaxel, et al, the effect is not satisfactory. We have reported the effect of temozolomide (T) combined with bevacizumab (B) in heavily pretreated relapsed ULMS (Ref.). In this study, we evaluated the effects of addition of cabozantinib (C) to T and B. Methods: From 2009 to 2014, total 20 patients (pts) with heavily pretreated relapsed ULMS were enrolled. Fourteen of 20 pts were treated with T (80mg/body/day, 3 week one week rest) and B (2mg/kg; days 1, 8 and 15, q4 weeks) (TB, n = 14). Since 2013, C (140mg/body/week) was added to TB (TBC, n = 6). Treatment was continued until disease progression and/or unmanageable toxicities. The response and adverse effects were evaluated using the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), and common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 3.0. Results: As shown in Table, four (20%) of 20 pts had complete response (CR), four (20%) had partial response (PR) and nine (45%) had stable disease (SD) for at least three months. The response rate (RR; CR+PR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR; CR+PR+SD>3mo) were 40% and 85%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 10.5 (3 - 44) months. Intriguingly, when added C to TB, the effect was significantly reinforced, showing that two (33%) of 6 cases had CR, and the RR and CBR was 50% and 100%, respectively. Toxicity was mild and manageable. Conclusions: Addition of C to T and B resulted in synergistic effects with mild toxicity in heavily pretreated relapsed ULMS as shown in Table. These results warrant further prospective and randomized studies. Response to TB/TBC in heavily pretreated relapsed ULMS. n CR PR SD PD RR CBR TB/TBC 20 4 4 9 3 40% 85% TB 14 2 3 6 3 35% 78% TBC 6 2 1 3 0 50% 100% Reference:Sasaki N, Takano M, Kikuchi Y, et al. Effects of temozolomide and bevacizumab in patients with pretreated relapsed uterine leiomyosarcoma. J Clin Oncol 32:5s, 2014 (suppl; abstr 5603)
XML Entropy Study (2012)

Reducing the impact of XML documents both in term of size and in term of processing speed has been the goal of many studies and research efforts, but never in a very formal or comprehensive manner. To strengthen the foundations of those works, we present here a comprehensive formal study of the quantity of information contained in XML documents. We then compare those theoretical results to the effective compactness obtained by some existing binary XML formats.
Dual-modal optical projection tomography microscopy for cancer diagnosis (2010)

A dual-modal optical projection tomography microscope (OPTM) is presented, which produces three-dimensional images of single cells with isometric high resolution both in fluorescence and absorption mode. Depth of field of a high numerical aperture objective is extended by scanning the focal plane through the sample in order to enable reconstruction by back-projection method. Cells are fixed, stained, and mixed with optical gel and injected into the capillary for imaging. Combining absorption and fluorescence mode allows us to image different aspects of the disease process. Images of cells stained with both hematoxylin and fluorescence probes are shown. Registrations between two modes are discussed.
Porous Hollow Ptni/C Electrocatalysts: Carbon Support Considerations to Meet Stability Requirements (2018)

Porous hollow PtNi/C nanoparticles (NPs), an highly active electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) 1 , were successfully synthesized on different carbon supports. The latter plays an essential role in the NPs synthesis, providing a way to control their morphology and Ni content. The physico-chemical properties of the different carbon supports were crucial during accelerated stress tests simulating start-stop events at a PEMFC cathode ( i.e. step potentials between 1.0 and 1.5 V vs. RHE) and were discussed by the means of identical-location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM) and electrochemistry (see. Figure 1 ). It was observed that electrocatalysts supported on graphene nanosheets and carbon xerogel suffer from NPs detachment and carbon complete corrosion while CO surf forms on carbon blacks supports ( i.e . incomplete oxidation of the surface). The degradation of the carbon support resulted in mass activity and specific activity losses, as the result of the increase of the resistance of the catalytic layers (Δ R k ). Figure 1
Searches for a heavy scalar boson H decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons hh or for a heavy pseudoscalar boson A decaying to Zh, in the final states with h →ττ (2016)

Searches for a heavy scalar boson H decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons hh or for a heavy pseudoscalar boson A decaying to Zh, in the final states with h .
Amino Acids and Peptides. XXI. Laminin-Related Peptide Analogs Including Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hybrids and Their Inhibitory Effect on Experimental Metastasis. (1994)

Laminin-related peptides, Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg analogs, were prepared and their inhibitory effects on experimental metastasis were examined. Of the amino acids in the Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg sequence, L-Arg was very important and Ile was not essential for the inhibitory effect. To obtain a potent inhibitor of metastasis, hybrids of Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg-Gly and 2 types of poly(ethylene glycol) were prepared. The inhibitory effects of the hybrids were more potent than that of Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg-Gly.
Codex (2009)

The Codex is a dual-screen tablet computer, about the size of a 4"x 6 day planner, with a self-supporting binding and embedded sensors. The device can be oriented in a variety of postures to support different nuances of individual work, ambient display, or collaboration with another user. In the context of a pen-operated note taking application, we demonstrate interaction techniques that support a fluid division of labor for tasks and information across the two displays while minimizing disruption to the primary experience of authoring notes.