gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Analysis of PRRSV-Infected Porcine Dendritic Cell Response to Streptococcus suis Infection Reveals Up-Regulation of Inflammatory-Related Genes Expression (2016)

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important swine pathogens and often serves as an entry door for other viral or bacterial pathogens, of which Streptococcus suis is one of the most common. Pre-infection with PRRSV leads to exacerbated disease caused by S. suis infection. Very few studies have assessed the immunological mechanisms underlying this higher susceptibility. Since antigen presenting cells play a major role in the initiation of the immune response, the in vitro transcriptional response of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and monocytes in the context of PRRSV and S. suis co-infection was investigated. BMDCs were found to be more permissive than monocytes to PRRSV infection; S. suis phagocytosis by PRRSV-infected BMDCs was found to be impaired, whereas no effect was found on bacterial intracellular survival. Transcription profile analysis, with a major focus on inflammatory genes, following S. suis infection, with and without pre-infection with PRRSV, was then performed. While PRRSV pre-infection had little effect on monocytes response to S. suis infection, a significant expression of several pro-inflammatory molecules was observed in BMDCs pre-infected with PRRSV after a subsequent infection with S. suis. While an additive effect could be observed for CCL4, CCL14, CCL20, and IL-15, a distinct synergistic up-regulatory effect was observed for IL-6, CCL5 and TNF-α after co-infection. This increased pro-inflammatory response by DCs could participate in the exacerbation of the disease observed during PRRSV and S. suis co-infection.
Molecular Photovoltaics and the Photoactivation of Mammalian Cells (2005)

Photosynthetic reaction centers are integral plant membrane protein complexes and molecular photovoltaic structures. We report here that addition of Photosystem I (PSI)-proteoliposomes to retinoblastoma cells imparts photosensitivity to these mammalian cells, as demonstrated by light-induced movement of calcium ions. Control experiments with liposomes lacking PSI demonstrated no photosensitivity. The data demonstrate that PSI, a nanoscale molecular photovoltaic structure extracted from plants, can impart a photoresponse to mammalian cells in vitro.
Wireless Sensor Network Localization With Imprecise Measurements Using Only a Quadratic Solver. (2009)

The energy constrained wireless sensor nodes need very efficient localization algorithm for event detection. We propose a method for localizing the wireless sensor nodes using the concept of Cayley-Menger Determinants, which in turn uses a quadratic solver. This is a modification of the method proposed in Ref. [5]. Cayley-Menger Detereminants are used to introduce corrections to the noisy measurements, so that the measured distances meets all the Euclidean geometric properties. Ref. [7] uses semidefinite programming with L1 norm, while Ref. [5] uses quadratic programming combined with Cayley-Menger Determinants. The proposed method is found to be computationally very much simpler and efficient than those in Ref. [7], and [5].
Function, Applicability, and Properties of a Novel Flexible Total Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis With a Silicone Coated Ball and Socket Joint (2018)

Hypothesis: A total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) with a silicone coated ball and socket joint (BSJ) is able to compensate pressure changes and therefore provide better sound transmission compared with rigid prostheses. Background: Dislocation and extrusion are known complications after TORP reconstruction, leading to revisions and recurrent hearing loss. Poor aeration of the middle ear, scar tension, and static pressure variations in conjunction with rigid prosthesis design causes high tension at the implant coupling points. Methods: A novel TORP prototype with a silicone coated BSJ has been developed. Experimental measurements were performed on nine fresh cadaveric human temporal bones of which five were used for a comparison between rigid TORP and flexible TORP tympanoplasty. The middle ear transfer function was measured at ambient pressure and at 2.5 kPa, both positive and negative pressure, applied in the ear canal. Results: The flexible TORP design yields a better transmission of sound after implantation and at negative pressure inside the tympanic cavity, compared with rigid TORP. In average, it provides an equivalent sound transfer like the intact middle ear. At positive pressure, the flexible TORP performs slightly worse. Both performed worse than the intact middle ear, which is related to an uplifting of the prostheses. Conclusion: The findings may be considered preliminary as this experimental study was limited to just one of the many different possible situations of tympanoplasty and it involved a small sample size. Nevertheless, the results with the flexible TORP were promising and could encourage further investigations on such prostheses.
The Synthesis of Indanones Related to Combretastatin A‐4 (V) via Microwave‐Assisted Nazarov Cyclization of Chalcones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Figure S3 from Poly (ADP) Ribose Glycohydrolase Can Be Effectively Targeted in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3 describes synthetic lethality of olaparib with siDDR in PDAC.&lt;/p&gt;
Optimal Decentralized Control for Uncertain Systems by Symmetric Gauss–Seidel Semi-Proximal ALM (2021)

The <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}_2$</tex-math></inline-formula> -guaranteed cost decentralized control problem is investigated in this article. More specifically, on the basis of an appropriate <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}_2$</tex-math></inline-formula> reformulation that we put in place, the optimal control problem in the presence of parameter uncertainties is then suitably characterized by convex restriction and solved in parameter space. It is shown that a set of stabilizing decentralized controller gains for the uncertain system is parameterized in a convex set through appropriate convex restriction, and then an approximated conic optimization problem is constructed. This facilitates the use of the symmetric Gauss–Seidel (sGS) semi-proximal augmented Lagrangian method (ALM), which attains high computational effectiveness. A comprehensive analysis is given on the application of the approach in solving the optimal decentralized control problem; and subsequently, the preserved decentralized structure, robust stability, and robust performance are all suitably guaranteed with the proposed methodology. Furthermore, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach.
Curved in-plane electromechanical relay for low power logic applications (2013)

A curved design for in-plane micro- and nano-electromechanical switches based on a single clamped cantilever is proposed, optimized with finite-element simulations and demonstrated experimentally. The design enables precise control of the switch motion and of the closed-state air gap, resulting in a uniform electrostatic field and increased robustness. The switch size and curvature are optimized for actuation voltage, actuation energy and the electrostatic field strength. These optimizations and the proposed fabrication process are amenable to micro- and nano-electromechanical switches. The scalability of the concept is demonstrated with simulations of nanoscale relays in terms of force and energy, showing that the concept is suitable for sub-100 aJ switching energy. Experimental results on microscale devices demonstrate the advantages of the curved MEM switches, namely a fabrication process with a single sacrificial layer for a switch with a low actuation voltage and excellent robustness. The designed as well as the experimentally observed breakdown voltage is four times higher than the contact voltage, thus enabling a large operating window for electromechanical switches.
A simple traffic independent scheme for enabling restoration oblivious routing of resilient connections (2005)

Fast restoration is an important feature of both MPLS and optical networks. The main mechanism for achieving fast restoration is by locally routing around failures using pre-setup detour paths. Signaling and routing protocol extensions to implement this local bypass ability are currently being standardized. To make use of this ability, dynamic schemes that jointly route primary paths and all link detours for links used by the primary paths have been previously proposed. These schemes also permit sharing of reserved restoration capacity for achieving efficiency. However, this joint computation places a significantly larger computational load on the network elements than that imposed by the shortest path computation variants typically used for unprotected network connection routing. We propose a new scheme that is operationally much simpler, shares capacity used for restoration, and permits the network to route the primary paths in a manner that is oblivious to restoration needs. Restoration of all carried traffic is guaranteed by a new link capacity partitioning scheme that maximizes the working capacity of the network without requiring any knowledge of the traffic that will be imposed on the network. Being traffic independent for a priori link capacity partitioning and being oblivious to restoration needs for on-line network routing makes this scheme operationally simple and desirable in the sense of placing no additional routing load on the constrained computing resources at the network nodes. To compute the link capacity partitions, we develop a fast combinatorial algorithm that uses only iterative shortest path computations, and is a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS), i.e., it achieves a (1 + /spl epsi/)-factor approximation for any /spl epsi/> 0 and runs in time polynomial in the input size and 1//spl epsi/.The approximation scheme also allows link detour paths to be hop constrained if needed so as to bound restoration latency in optical networks.
ChemInform Abstract: New LaMAsHx (M: Co, Ni, or Cu) Arsenides with Covalent M—H Chains. (2015)

Abstract Tetragonal LaPtSi‐type mixed‐anion arsenides LaMAsH x (M: Co, Ni, or Cu) are prepared by high‐temperature, high‐pressure reaction of appropriate amounts of M and LaAs (h‐BN sleeve with Ca(OH) 2 and NaBH 4 as H source in anvil cell, 1473‐1573 K, 2.5‐5 GPa, 0.5‐1 h).
Optimum Pole Configuration of Variable Speed AC Induction Motors (1997)

Sometimes a user who is familiar with fixed speed AC induction motors may specify a variable speed AC requirement with a preconception of the number of motor poles. This is appropriate in the case of an application where the motor will be run "across-the-line", and is expected to run at the same speed and load as provided on inverter operation. If, on the other hand, "bypass" operation is not required, a more optimal choice of motor designs might be available. For example, an application requiring 3000 or 3600 RPM operation would demand a two-pole motor design if bypass (at 50 or 60 Hz) must be provided. However, when bypass is not required, it is often the case that a smaller motor can be provided in a four-pole design (utilizing 100 or 120 Hz base frequency) compared to a two-pole configuration. Another aspect of applying adjustable frequency power supplies to AC induction motors is that it allows an essentially infinite number of possible "base speeds", including base speeds in excess of 3600 RPM. In this paper the author discusses the number of poles required for fixed speed AC motors, DC motors, and adjustable frequency AC motors. Motor performance issues are also discussed.
Effect of Oxygen at Elevated Temperatures on Chemical, Structural, and Morphological Properties of Arsenic Trisulfide Glasses (2003)

Chalcogenide glasses are important in a range of optical applications because of their good infrared transmission and low phonon energy, as compared to the oxide glasses. These glasses are considered promising materials for the design of all optical high-speed elements, data processing (electronic switches, optical memories), solar cells, and waveguides. Such optical components are often used in ambient atmosphere. In this study, polished arsenic trisulfide (As2S3) samples were heated in a furnace at selected temperatures in ambient atmosphere. Subsequently, samples were characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) after each stage of environmental exposure oxidation to monitor any change in chemical structure and morphological patterns. Although heating produced a change in the surface roughness, no oxidation was observed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Dimeric Ni‐Substituted β‐Keggin Silicotungstate: Structure and Magnetic Properties of K12 [{β‐SiNi2W10O36(OH)2 (H2O)}2]×20H2O. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clinical testing of a dendritic cell targeted therapeutic vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (2015)

The lack of antiviral cellular immune responses in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection suggests that T-cell vaccines may provide therapeutic benefit. Due to the central role that dendritic cells (DC) play in the activation of T-cell responses, our aim was to carry out a therapeutic vaccination clinical trial in HCV patients using DC. Five patients with chronic HCV infection were vaccinated with three doses of 5 × 10(6) or 10(7) autologous DC transduced with a recombinant adenovirus encoding NS3 using the adapter protein CFh40L, which facilitates DC transduction and maturation. No significant adverse effects were recorded after vaccination. Treatment caused no changes in serum liver enzymes nor in viral load. Vaccination induced weak but consistent expansion of T-cell responses against NS3 and adenoviral antigens. Patients' DC, as opposed to murine DC or DC from healthy subjects, secreted high IL-10 levels after transduction, inducing the activation of IL-10-producing T cells. IL-10 blockade during vaccine preparation restored its ability to stimulate anti-NS3 Th1 responses. Thus, vaccination with adenovirus-transduced DC is safe and induces weak antiviral immune responses. IL-10 associated with vaccine preparation may be partly responsible for these effects, suggesting that future vaccines should consider concomitant inhibition of this cytokine.
NFATc1 deficiency in T cells protects mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2015)

NFATc1 is a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors. NFAT is activated upon T-cell receptor activation followed by intracytoplasmatic calcium influx where calmodulin, a calcium sensor protein, activates the phosphatase calcineurin that dephosphorylates NFAT proteins and results in NFAT nuclear import. Here, we show the analysis of conditional NFATc1-deficient mice bearing a deletion of NFATc1 in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. NFATc1-deficient CD4(+) T cells polarized under Th17 conditions express reduced levels of the Th17-associated transcription factor RORγT (where ROR is RAR-related orphan receptor) as well as the Th17-associated cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-10. In the murine model of experimental EAE, we found a strong reduction of the disease outcome in conditional NFATc1-deficient mice, as compared with control littermates. This was accompanied by a diminished inflammation in the brain and spinal cord and reduced IL-17A and IFN-γ expression by antigen-specific spleen, spinal cord, and brain cells. Altogether, these results reveal an important role of NFATc1 in inducing Th17-cell responses and IFN-γ, both being relevant for the EAE development.
Use of liquid rubber in micromachining focused on flexible large-area biocompatible membranes (1999)

In this paper we report on a novel micromachining technique for fabricating rubber membranes with an area of 20-30 cm 2 and a thickness of 3-5 μm. In the basic technique, a silicon wafer is spin-coated with liquid rubber, bonded to a second (sacrificial) wafer and locally thinned out by anisotropic wet etching. The potential of the technique is highlighted in a demonstration where a 2() cm 2 large biocompatible membrane is used to mechanically support and thermally isolate a large-active-area thermopile. The envisioned application is for high-throughput drug screening, and the large areas are needed to culture 10 5 -10 6 biological cells to confluence.
Structural Basis of Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase Activity Elucidated by Site-directed Mutagenesis (2000)

Hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (PGDS) is the first identified vertebrate ortholog in the Sigma class of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family and catalyzes both isomerization of PGH(2) to PGD(2) and conjugation of glutathione to 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene. We introduced site-directed mutations of Tyr(8), Arg(14), Trp(104), Lys(112), Tyr(152), Cys(156), Lys(198), and Leu(199), which are presumed to participate in catalysis or PGH(2) substrate binding based on the crystallographic structure. Mutants were analyzed in terms of structure, GST and PGDS activities, and activation of the glutathione thiol group. Of all the mutants, only Y8F, W104I, K112E, and L199F showed minor but substantial differences in their far-UV circular dichroism spectra from the wild-type enzyme. Y8F, R14K/E, and W104I were completely inactive. C156L/Y selectively lost only PGDS activity. K112E reduced GST activity slightly and PGDS activity markedly, whereas K198E caused a selective decrease in PGDS activity and K(m) for glutathione and PGH(2) in the PGDS reaction. No significant changes were observed in the catalytic activities of Y152F and L199F, although their K(m) for glutathione was increased. Using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as an SH-selective agent, we found that only Y8F and R14E/K did not accelerate the reactivity of the glutathione thiol group under the low reactivity condition of pH 5.0. These results indicate that Lys(112), Cys(156), and Lys(198) are involved in the binding of PGH(2); Trp(104) is critical for structural integrity of the catalytic center for GST and PGDS activities; and Tyr(8) and Arg(14) are essential for activation of the thiol group of glutathione.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis with α‐Chlorosulphides. Convenient Routes to Phenylthioacetals from α‐Diazoketones and Alkyl Phenyl Sulphides via α‐Chlorosulphides. (1986)

Abstract Die Diazoketone (I) reagieren mit Phenylsulfenylchlorid (II) und anschließend mit Thiophenol (III)/Zinkchlorid zu den S,S‐Acetalen (IV).
Determination of the binding specificity of the 12S subunit of the transcarboxylase by saturation transfer difference NMR (2004)

In this study we present the characterization of the interaction of biotin and methylmalonyl-CoA (MMCoA) with the carboxyltransferase subunit (12S) from the transcarboxylase (TC) from Propionibacterium shermanii. This biotin dependent multienzyme complex catalyses the transfer of carbon dioxide from methylmalonyl-CoA (MMCoA) to pyruvate. The Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STD) technique was performed to determine the binding epitope from biotin and MMCoA to the 12S subunit. We could show by titrations during STD experiments that biotin and MMCoA bind cooperatively in one binding pocket.
Stable Dispersion of Iodide-Capped PbSe Quantum Dots for High-Performance Low-Temperature Processed Electronics and Optoelectronics (2015)

Here, we present a ligand exchange of long insulating molecules with short, robust, and environmentally friendly iodide ions via a mild flocculation of PbSe nanocrystals (NCs). This ligand exchange leads to the formation of stable colloidal solutions in various polar solvents and in a broad concentration range via electrostatic repulsion. The iodide capping ligands preserve the electronic structure and maintain the optical properties of the PbSe NCs, both in solution and in the form of solid films. The spin-coated PbSe NC solids exhibit good transport characteristics with electron mobilities in the linear and saturation regimes reaching (2.1 ± 0.3) cm2/(V·s) and (2.9 ± 0.4) cm2/(V·s), respectively. This opens up opportunities for the low-cost and low-temperature fabrication of NC thin films being attractive for applications in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics.
Modeling the Mesoscale Transport of Lithium-Magnetite Electrodes Using Insight from Discharge and Voltage Recovery Experiments (2015)

A multi-scale mathematical model, which accounts for mass transport on the crystal and agglomerate length-scales, is used to investigate the electrochemical performance of lithium-magnetite electrochemical cells. Experimental discharge and voltage recovery data are compared to three sets of simulations, which incorporate crystal-only, agglomerate-only, or multi-scale transport effects. Mass transport diffusion coefficients are determined by fitting the simulated voltage recovery times to experimental data. In addition, a further extension of the multi-scale model is proposed which accounts for the impact of agglomerate size distributions on electrochemical performance. The results of the study indicate that, depending on the crystal size, the low utilization of the active material is caused by transport limitations on the agglomerate and/or crystal length-scales. For electrodes composed of small crystals (6 and 8 nm diameters), it is concluded that the transport limitations in the agglomerate are primarily responsible for the long voltage recovery times and low utilization of the active mass. In the electrodes composed of large crystals (32 nm diameter), the slow voltage recovery is attributed to transport limitations on both the agglomerate and crystal length-scales.
Peptide–DNA conjugates as tailored bivalent binders of the oncoprotein c-Jun (2015)

We describe a ds-oligonucleotide-peptide conjugate that is able to efficiently dismount preformed DNA complexes of the bZIP regions of oncoproteins c-Fos and c-Jun (AP-1), and therefore might be useful as disrupters of AP-1-mediated gene expression pathways.
Myxobacteria isolated in Israel as potential source of new anti-infectives (2005)

The results confirm that myxobacteria are prolific producers of a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites including antibacterial and antifungal compounds, being their high frequency of anti-Gram-negative activities particularly appealing for the current anti-infective research. So far their screening has often been hampered because their isolation is time-consuming and are quite difficult to handle and cultivate. In this paper we demonstrate that a proper combination of isolation, purification and cultivation methods allow their pharmaceutical exploitation.