gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A tumor-elaborated supernatant factor chemotactic for IL-2 expanded tumor infiltrating T-lymphocytes. (1993)

Very little is known about factors influencing the migration of highly activated T-lymphocytes. One such lymphocyte population is the IL-2 expanded population of T cells infiltrating tumors. These tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can cause tumor regression in patients with metastatic cancer and in murine tumor models when given in adoptive transfer. In patients with melanoma, these TIL have been shown to migrate to sites of tumor and this may be a critical factor in their antitumor activity. In this study, a 48-well microchemotaxis chamber and a 5 microns pore nitrocellulose filter membrane system was utilized to study the motility of murine TIL. A chemotactic response was observed to supernatants from freshly explanted, autologous, and nonautologous tumor cultured for 24 h. Serially passaged autologous and nonautologous tumors also produced supernatants with chemotactic activity. Supernatants from single cell suspensions of normal tissues prepared and cultured identically did not elicit chemotaxis. Chemotactic activity for TIL was not removed by dialysis (2000 MW exclusion limit), its activity was undiminished by heat treatment at 60 degrees C for up to 60 min, and it was trypsin sensitive. Tumor supernatants were also chemotactic for two IL-2-dependent specifically alloreactive CTL lines (CTL-TIM and OE-4), but not two helper T cell lines (D-10 and D-1.5) or normal resting lymphocytes. This is the first demonstration of a chemotactic effect on IL-2-dependent, activated T cells. Characterization and purification of factors from tumor responsible for this directed migration are in progress.
A dose escalation study to determine the toxicity and maximally tolerated dose of foscarnet (1993)

Renal effects and toxicity of foscarnet in evolving renal insufficiency is self-limiting and reversible when the drug is discontinued. Incremental increases in dose can result in rapid rises in the plasma level with renal failure and may be compounded by concomitant medications and underlying illnesses.
Attosecond metrology and spectroscopy (2003)

Summary form only given. This talk will review the recent generation, measurement and first applications of isolated sub-femtosecond soft-X-ray pulses for time-resolved inner-shell spectroscopy.
Development of a large urban longitudinal HIV clinical cohort using a web-based platform to merge electronically and manually abstracted data from disparate medical record systems: technical challenges and innovative solutions (2015)

Our experiences may have practical implications for researchers who seek to merge data from diverse clinical databases, and are applicable to the study of health-related issues beyond HIV.
Four-Stream Line-of-Sight Spatial Multiplexing for 60 GHz Backhaul Applications (2021)

This work presents experimental results for a four-stream spatial multiplexing setup in a line-of-sight (LoS) wireless backhaul scenario at 60 GHz. With optimal antenna arrangement, a highly orthogonal wireless channel with a measured condition number of 1.42 is observed, whereby the channel tap distribution shows a dominant LoS component. Two different equalizers, symbol-wise and block-wise adaptive, are presented and evaluated in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) performance and bandwidth efficiency. For both approaches, an error-free transmission with a throughput of 14.08 Gbit/s is demonstrated, thus validating the practical suitability of LoS MIMO for wireless backhaul applications.
The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description (2021)

Abstract On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2–7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report on SuperCam’s science objectives in the context of the Mars 2020 mission goals and ways the different techniques can address these questions. The instrument is made up of three separate subsystems: the Mast Unit is designed and built in France; the Body Unit is provided by the United States; the calibration target holder is contributed by Spain, and the targets themselves by the entire science team. This publication focuses on the design, development, and tests of the Mast Unit; companion papers describe the other units. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding of the technical choices made, the constraints that were imposed, and ultimately the validated performance of the flight model as it leaves Earth, and it will serve as the foundation for Mars operations and future processing of the data.
Effect of luteinising hormone releasing hormone and its analogues on plasma luteinising hormoneconcentrations in incubating bantam hens (1986)

The ability of synthetic vertebrate luteinising hormone releasing hormones (LHRHs) and their long-acting analogues to maintain elevated plasma luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations and to stimulate ovarian growth was investigated in incubating bantam hens. Chicken LHRH-II (pGlu1-His2-Trp3-Ser4-His5-Gly6-Trp7-Tyr8-Pro9-G ly10-NH2) was more effective than chicken LHRH-I (pGlu1-His2-Trp3-Ser4-Tyr5-Gly6-Leu7-Gln8-Pro9-Gly10-N H2) or porcine LHRH (pGlu1-His2-Trp3-Ser4-Tyr5-Gly6-Leu7-Arg8-Pro9-Gly10-N H2) in stimulating the release of LH. Long-acting analogues of chicken LHRHs (chLHRHs) were created by substituting D-amino acids in position 6. An intravenous injection (10 micrograms/bird) of D-Arg6-chLHRH-II or of a long-acting mammalian analogue of LHRH (buserelin) resulted in a sustained release of LH for up to 8 h. Less sustained releases of LH were observed after the same doses of D-Ala6-chLHRH-I or of D-Trp6-chLHRH-I. Repeated subcutaneous injections of D-Arg6-chLHRH-II or buserelin at 7 to 9 h intervals for 9 d resulted in loss of pituitary gland responsiveness to these analogues. For this reason, the treatment failed to maintain elevated plasma LH concentrations and did not stimulate the growth of the ovary or oviduct.
The design, synthesis and activity of pentapeptide pp60c‐src inhibitors containing L‐phosphotyrosine mimics (1998)

Efficient syntheses of 4-(R,S-hydroxyphosphonomethyl)-L-phenylalanine and 4-carboxy-L-phenylalanine within the context of the pentapeptide Ac-Ile-X-Gly-Glu-Phe-NH2 (wherein X = the unnatural amino acid) illustrate the use of a divergent synthetic strategy from an advanced common peptide intermediate to more readily access peptide-based tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The key intermediate, Ac-Ile-Phe(4-formyl)-Gly-Glu(O-tBu)-Phe-NH2, was synthesized by a facile palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of Ac-Ile-Phe(4-iodo)-Gly-Glu(O-tBu)-Phe-NH2. Oxidation of Ac-Ile-Phe(4-formyl)-Gly-Glu(O-tBu)-Phe-NH2 with tetrabutylammonium permanganate or addition of di-t-butylphosphite, both followed by trifluoroacetic acid deprotection, gave the target pentapeptide inhibitors wherein X = 4-carboxy-L-phenylalanine or 4-(R,S-hydroxyphosphonomethyl)-L-phenylalanine, respectively. These two peptides gave somewhat more potent inhibition of the tyrosine kinase pp60c-src than the corresponding pentapeptide wherein X = L-phenylalanine, demonstrating that appended functionalities at the 4-position are accepted and can enhance binding through added interactions within the catalytic region of the active site.
Emission characteristics of Spindt-type Mo FEA using area model of analysis (2001)

The electron emission characteristics of the Spindt-type Mo FEA device fabricated in this research are compared with numerical results. The authors propose an area model of the chip used for the analysis of the model based on the device structure. Further, by defining the factor ψ in a broad sense to enhance the numerical accuracy, adequate numerical results are obtained. Various characteristics are simulated by the Fowler–Nordheim equation based on the experimental data. The results computed in accordance with the model agree well with the experimental results based on SEM observation of the device. Hence, the tip radius of a device with fine sharpness can be estimated. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(3): 53–60, 2001
N-Benzyl-3,5-dideoxy-3,5-imino-1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-L-lyxofuranose (2012)

X-ray crystallography confirmed the formation, structure and relative stereochemistry of the title compound, C(15)H(19)NO(3), which contains a sterically congested four-membered azetidine ring system. The absolute configuration was determined by the use of l-arabinose as the starting material.
A Key Role for gp130 Expressed on Peripheral Sensory Nerves in Pathological Pain (2009)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key mediator of inflammation. Inhibitors of IL-6 or of its signal transducing receptor gp130 constitute a novel class of anti-inflammatory drugs, which raise great hopes for improved treatments of painful inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. IL-6 and gp130 may enhance pain not only indirectly through their proinflammatory actions but also through a direct action on nociceptors (i.e., on neurons activated by painful stimuli). We found indeed that the IL-6/gp130 ligand-receptor complex induced heat hypersensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. This process was mediated by activation of PKC-delta via Gab1/2/PI(3)K and subsequent regulation of TRPV1, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels. To assess the relevance of this direct pain promoting effect of IL-6, we generated conditional knock-out mice, which lack gp130 specifically in nociceptors, and tested them in models of inflammatory and tumor-induced pain. These mice showed significantly reduced levels of inflammatory and tumor-induced pain but no changes in immune reactions or tumor growth. Our results uncover the significance of gp130 expressed in peripheral pain sensing neurons in the pathophysiology of major clinical pain disorders and suggest their use as novel pain relieving agents in inflammatory and tumor pain.
Crystal Growth of High-Quality AlInN/GaN Superlattices and of Crack-Free AlN on GaN: Their Possibility of High Electron Mobility Transistor (2001)

Al0.90In0.10N/GaN, AlN/GaN and their superlattices (SLs) grown on GaN by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) were studied. A (0001) sapphire substrate was used. X-ray diffraction analysis of 2θ/ω scans and reciprocal space mapping showed that the samples were coherently grown on GaN, and in particular, crack-free AlN of 0.5 μm thickness was grown on GaN. Al0.90In0.10N/GaN (or AlN/GaN) SLs grown on GaN showed a maximum electron mobility of 946 (or 1422) cm2/Vs at room temperature and a nominal sheet carrier density of 2.9 × 1012 (or 7.5 × 1012) cm—2.
3-D Finite Di erence Modeling for Borehole and Reservoir Applications (2004)

ERL&amp;apos;s in-house nite dierence code (Krasovec et al., 2003) has undergone several upgrades in the past year. Most notably, a stretched grid can now be used to greatly reduce the amount of RAM memory needed by certain types of models. Improvements have been made in the GUI front end, allowing more freedom and ease in building the model, source or source array, and receiver array. The nite dierence code has contributed to several dierent research projects at ERL in the past year. A few of these projects, including borehole seismics, reservoir delineation, and source mechanics, are shown in this report.
Supplementary Tables S1-S7 from Tumor Cell–Autonomous SHP2 Contributes to Immune Suppression in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;These are supplementary tables to provide detailed information about the materials used in the study including cell, culture conditions, growth factors, inhibitors, and antibodies.&lt;/p&gt;
Male Bovine GH Transgenic Mice Have Decreased Adiposity With an Adipose Depot-Specific Increase in Immune Cell Populations (2014)

White adipose tissue (WAT) is composed of mature adipocytes and a stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which contains a variety of cells, including immune cells that vary among the different WAT depots. Growth hormone (GH) impacts immune function and adiposity in an adipose depot-specific manner. However, its effects on WAT immune cell populations remain unstudied. Bovine GH transgenic (bGH) mice are commonly used to study the in vivo effects of GH. These giant mice have an excess of GH action, impaired glucose metabolism, decreased adiposity, increased lean mass, and a shortened lifespan. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the WAT depot-specific differences in immune cell populations in the presence of excess GH in vivo. Three WAT depots were assessed: inguinal (sc), epididymal (EPI), and mesenteric (MES). Subcutaneous and MES bGH WAT depots showed a significantly higher number of total SVF cells, yet only MES bGH WAT had higher leukocyte counts compared with control samples. By means of flow cytometry analysis of the SVF, we detected greater macrophage and regulatory T-cell infiltration in sc and MES bGH WAT depots compared with controls. However, no differences were observed in the EPI WAT depot. RNA-sequencing confirmed significant alterations in pathways related to T-cell infiltration and activation in the sc depot with fewer significant changes in the EPI bGH WAT depot. These findings collectively point to a previously unrecognized role for GH in influencing the distribution of WAT immune cell populations in a depot-specific manner.
Microlensing of Lensed Supernovae (2006)

Given the number of recently discovered galaxy-galaxy lens systems, we anticipate that a gravitationally lensed supernova will be observed within the next few years. We explore the possibility that stars in the lens galaxy will produce observable microlensing fluctuations in lensed supernova light curves. For typical parameters, we predict that ~70% of lensed SNe will show microlensing fluctuations > 0.5 mag, while ~25% will have fluctuations > 1 mag. Thus microlensing of lensed supernova will be both ubiquitous and observable. Additionally, we show that microlensing fluctuations will complicate measurements of time delays from multiply imaged supernovae: time delays accurate to better than a few days will be difficult to obtain. We also consider prospects for extracting the lens galaxy's stellar mass fraction and mass function from microlensing fluctuations via a new statistical measure, the time-weighted light curve derivative.
Examining Uncertainty in In Vitro–In Vivo Extrapolation Applied in Fish Bioconcentration Models (2020)

In vitro biotransformation rates were determined for 30 chemicals, mostly fragrance ingredients, using trout liver S9 fractions (RT-S9) and incorporated into in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) models to predict bioconcentration factors (BCFs). Predicted BCFs were compared against empirical BCFs to explore potential major uncertainties involved in the in vitro methods and IVIVE models: (i) in vitro chemical test concentrations; (ii) different gill uptake rate constant calculations (<i>k</i><sub>1</sub>); (iii) protein binding (different calculations and measurement of the fraction of unbound chemical, <i>f</i><sub>U</sub>); (iv) species differences; and (v) extrahepatic biotransformation. Predicted BCFs were within 0.5 log units for 44% of the chemicals compared to empirical BCFs, whereas 56% were overpredicted by >0.5 log units. This trend of overprediction was reduced by alternative <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> calculations to 32% of chemicals being overpredicted. Moreover, hepatic in vitro rates scaled to whole body biotransformation rates (<i>k</i><sub>B</sub>) were compared against in vivo <i>k</i><sub>B</sub> estimates. In vivo <i>k</i><sub>B</sub> was underestimated for 79% of the chemicals. Neither lowering the test concentration, nor incorporation of new measured <i>f</i><sub>U</sub> values, nor species matching avoided the tendency to overpredict BCFs indicating that further improvements to the IVIVE models are needed or extrahepatic biotransformation plays an underestimated role.
Emotional Assistants for Applications (2016)

This disclosure describes techniques that provide appropriate emotional responses to users of computing devices, irrespective of the specific interaction context. The techniques can be implemented as an emotional module that is called by an application. In response, the emotional module provides an appropriate response that the application renders. The techniques can learn from various sources of interaction data, such as books, movies, chats etc. and from user behavior after an emotional response is rendered. The techniques generate a database of emotions and appropriate computer responses. The techniques enable computers to provide effective emotional responses and improve human-computer interaction. The techniques can also be used to train certain users, such as autistic children, to understand human emotions.
PLZT electrooptic ceramic photonic devices for surface-normal operation in trenches cut across arrays of optical fiber (2005)

Simple Pb/sub 1-x/La/sub x/(Zr/sub y/Ti/sub z/)/sub 1-x/4/O/sub 3/ (PLZT) electrooptic ceramic photonic device arrays for surface-normal operation have been developed for application to polarization-controller arrays and Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot tunable filter arrays. These arrays are inserted in trenches cut across fiber arrays. Each element of the arrayed structure corresponds to one optical beam and takes the form of a cell. Each sidewall of the cell (width: 50-80 /spl mu/m) is coated to form an electrode. The arrays have 16 elements at a pitch of 250 /spl mu/m. The phase modulator has about 1 dB of loss and a half-wavelength voltage of 120 V. A cascade of two PLZT phase modulators (thickness: 300 /spl mu/m), with each attached to a polyimide /spl lambda//2 plate (thickness: 15 /spl mu/m), is capable of converting an arbitrary polarization to the transverse-electric (TE) or transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization. The response time is 1 /spl mu/s. The Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot tunable filters have a thickness of 50 /spl mu/m. The front and back surfaces of each cell are coated by 99%-reflective mirror. The free spectral range (FSR) of the filters is about 10 nm, tunable range is about 10 nm, loss is 2.2 dB, and finesse is 150. The tuning speed of these devices is high, taking only 1 /spl mu/s.
Nonlinear nano-imaging of few-fs coherent dynamics in 2D graphene-semiconductor heterostructures (2022)

Using correlative adiabatic plasmonic nanofocused four-wave mixing and two-photon photoluminescence we image nanoscale heterogeneity, resolve few- to 10’s fs coherent dynamics, and model underlying interlayer coupling in 2D graphene/WSe2 heterostructures.
Communicating via fireflies (2007)

Geographic routing is a useful and scalable point-to-point communication primitive for wireless sensor networks. However, previous work on geographic routing makes the unrealistic assumption that all the nodes in the network are awake during routing. This overlooks the common deployment scenario where sensor nodes are duty-cycled to save energy. In this paper we investigate several important aspects of geographic routing over duty-cycled nodes. First, we extend existing geographic routing algorithms to handle the highly dynamic networks resulting from duty-cycling. Second, we provide the first formal analysis of the performance of geographic routing on duty-cycled nodes. Third, we use this analysis to develop an efficient decentralized sleep scheduling algorithm for reducing the number of awake nodes while maintaining both network coverage and a (tunable) target routing latency. Finally, we evaluate via simulation the performance of our approach versus running existing geographic routing algorithms on sensors duty-cycled according to previous sleep scheduling algorithms. Our results show, perhaps surprisingly, that a network of duty-cycled nodes can have slightly better routing performance than a static network that uses comparable energy. Our results further show that, compared to previous algorithms, our sleep scheduling algorithm significantly improves routing latency and network lifetime.
Small-signal and transient analysis of a full-bridge, zero-current-switched PWM converter using an average model (2003)

This paper presents a detailed small-signal and transient analysis of a full bridge zero-current-switched (FB-ZCS) PWM converter designed for high voltage, high power applications using an average model. The development shows the model follows directly from the converter's steady-state analysis and is produced by inspection of the converter's instantaneous waveforms. The method used in model development can be extended to other topologies that are not easily modeled by conventional methods. The derived model is implemented in a PSPICE subcircuit and used to produce the small-signal and transient characteristics of the converter. Results obtained in the analysis of the high voltage and high power design example are validated by comparison to the actual, switched-circuit simulations.
Charge Injection, Transport, Recombination and Generation of Neutral Excitations in Multilayer-Dye Electroluminescent Diodes (1994)

Abstract Emission characteristics of multilayer-dye electroluminescent diodes were discussed in terms of molecular structures of component dyes as well as multilayer device structures. Using the same dyes for dispersed dyes in polymer matrices, single-layer polymer-dispersed dye electro-luminescent diodes were fabricated. The emission characteristics of polymer- dispersed dye diodes were discussed in relation with those of multilayer-dye diodes.
The Effects of Integrating Computer-based Concept Mapping for Physics Learning in Junior High School (2016)

Background:It generally is accepted that concept mapping has a noticeable impact on learning. But literatures show the use of concept mapping is not benefit all learners. The present study explored the effects of incorporating computer-based concept mapping in physics instruction.Material and methods:A total of 61 9th-grade students participated in this study. By using a quasi-experimental research approach, 31 students were assigned to a group that received computer-based concept mapping assisting instruction (CBCM), and 30 students were assigned to a constructive activities group that received “Work, Power, and Energy Curriculum” instruction without concept mapping assistance (NCM). Both groups participated for eight weeks, with four sessions per week and 45 minutes per session. A pre test-post test control group design was employed.Results:The findings revealed that the CBCM group students scored higher than the NCM group students on the cognition understanding and higher order thinking subtests. No significant differences were found in the conception memorization subtest. In the retention test, the students in the CBCM group outperformed the students in the NCM group on all subtests.Conclusions:The results of the current study revealed that concept mapping activities effectively promote higher order thinking abilities and knowledge retention.