gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biphasic DNA Synthesis in Spumaviruses (2003)

Spumaviruses are complex retroviruses whose replication cycle resembles that of hepadnaviruses, especially by a late-occurring reverse transcription step. The possible existence of an early reverse transcription as observed in other retroviruses was not documented. Using real-time quantitative PCR, we addressed directly the kinetics of DNA synthesis during spumavirus infection. An early phase of viral DNA synthesis developed until 3 h postinfection, followed by a second phase, culminating 10 h postinfection. Both phases were abolished by the reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. Similar to other retroviruses, circular forms of viral DNA harboring two long terminal repeats were mainly found in the nucleus of infected cells. Interestingly, a fraction of these circular forms were detected in the cytoplasm and in extracellular virions, a feature shared with hepadnaviruses. Combined with packaging of both viral DNA and RNA genomes in virions, early and late reverse transcription might allow spumavirus to maximize its genome replication.
Temperature-Tolerant Crosstalk-Free WDM Demultiplexing Using Controller-Integrated Cascaded AMZ Triplet (CAT) on Si Nano-Waveguide PIC Platform (2021)

We demonstrate 4-ch 400-GHz-spaced WDM demultiplexing with CAT integrated with a CMOS controller IC for the first time. Error-free operation with a 25 Gb/s NRZ signal is obtained even under a rapid temperature change.
Think high-heels are uncomfortable? (2009)

For many years, medical personnel have alluded to the health hazards of high-heeled shoes. However, fashion tends to override pain, no matter how dire the consequences may be. This led us to ask if high-heel shoes can be comfortable. Our study clearly shows that the design parameters of a shoe significantly influence the perceived feeling of a high-heel shoe wearer. Thirty-two females participated in an experiment where different footbed shapes were investigated at a heel height of 75 mm. The results demonstrate the existence of a footbed shape that is considered to be the most comfortable. The potential reason for the preferences can be related to the contact area between the plantar foot and the footbed surface, the peak plantar pressure distribution and the force distribution among different foot regions.
Guest Editorial. Special Section on Design, Modeling, and Control of Hybrid and Multi-source Vehicles (2017)

Advanced traction and propulsion systems are developed in order to ensure better energy performance, reduced operating cost, and higher lifetime of future transportation systems like road vehicles, but also more electric trains, subways, ships and airplanes. Such a powertrain integrates several complex subsystems (including power or energy sources, electric machines, power electronics, mechanical transmission) and it becomes mandatory to consider the whole system in order to reach the best performance. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) is an annual conference of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS). The 12th VPPC was held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in October 2015. There were 226 papers submitted and 170 papers accepted and presented at the conference. In order to further promote research excellence in vehicle power and propulsion, in collaboration with the 2015 IEEE VPPC team, a Special Section of the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology has been organized to focus on state-of-the-art research and development as well as future trends in modeling, design, and control of advanced power and propulsion systems for modern transportation systems.
Anharmonic Phonon Structure in the Tunneling Conductance of Bi-Cuprates (1993)

Phonon structures in the tunneling conductance must be properly normalized to evaluate the intensity of the electron-phonon interaction. However, this is very difficult because of the absence of the exact normal-state conductivity. Therefore we propose another method to judge whether or not the intensity becomes stronger with a critical temperature T c . This method compares the intensity of anharmonic structures, which are normalized to the single-phonon structures, between high- and low- T c substances. Our data for Bi-cuprates strongly suggest that the electron-phonon interaction is stronger in higher- T c substances.
All-optical wavelength conversion by EAM with shifted bandpass filter for high bit-rate networks (2005)

We report an original optical wavelength converter for transparent network and high-speed transmission. Based on an electroabsorption modulator (EAM) in cross-absorption modulation configuration, a red-shifted center wavelength filtering of the converted signal decreases the impact of the limited EAM response time. This original and simple device demonstrates wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s, leading to a reduction of 4.7 dB on the bit-error rate (BER) penalty compared to the case of a centered filter. An absolute 1.8-dB BER power penalty, low switching energy (500 fJ/data pulse) and small applied DC bias are reported.
Brainglance: Visualizing Group Level MRI Data at One Glance (2019)

The vast majority of studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are analyzed on the group level. Standard group-level analyses, however, come with severe drawbacks: First, they assume functional homogeneity within the group, building on the idea that we use our brains in similar ways. Second, group-level analyses require spatial warping and substantial smoothing to accommodate for anatomical variability across subjects. Such procedures massively distort the underlying fMRI data, which hampers the spatial specificity. Taken together, group statistics capture the <i>effective overlap</i>, rendering the modeling of individual deviations impossible - a major source of false positivity and negativity. The alternative analysis approach is to leave the data in the native subject space, but this makes comparison across individuals difficult. Here, we propose a new framework for visualizing group-level information, better preserving the information of individual subjects. Our proposal is to limit the use of invasive data procedures such as spatial smoothing and warping and rather extract regional information from the individuals. This information is then visualized for all subjects and brain areas at one glance - hence we term the method <i>brainglance</i>. Additionally, our method incorporates a means for clustering individuals to further identify common traits. We showcase our method on two publicly available data sets and discuss our findings.
Effect of second-harmonic phase on producing sonodynamic tissue damage (2002)

It was recently found that sonochemically active cavitation can be induced at relatively low ultrasonic intensity when the second harmonic is superimposed onto the fundamental. The intensity threshold for the production of focal damage in mouse liver tissue with emission of fractional harmonics was lowered by an order of magnitude via second-harmonic superimposition especially when a sonodynamically active agent was administered to the mouse. Such synergistic effects between the fundamental and the second-harmonic were marked in the range of second-harmonic phase giving relatively large peak rarefaction. In contrast, higher intensity thresholds were observed in the phase range giving relatively high positive peak pressure. This tendency was consistent with the theoretical prediction.
ChemInform Abstract: 7Li‐NMR of Well‐Graphitized Vapor‐Grown Carbon Fibers and Natural Graphite Negative Electrodes of Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improved Electrophoretic Deposition of Vertical Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Nanoscopic Electrostatic Lenses (2020)

Under certain conditions, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) onto metal at the base of nanoscale insulating windows can result in a single SWCNT per window, bonded at one end to the metal. During EPD charge, buildup on the insulator creates electrostatic lenses at the windows that control the trajectory of the SWCNTs. The aim is to develop a reproducible process for deposition of individual vertically oriented SWCNTs into each window to enable novel devices. The length of the SWCNTs is shown to be the most critical parameter in achieving results that could be used for devices. In particular, single nanotube deposition in windows by EPD was achieved with SWCNTs with lengths on the order of the window depth. By performing current vs voltage (IV) measurements against a platinum wire in a phosphate buffer and by modeling the data, the presence of the nanotube can be detected, the contact interface can be studied, and the nanotube's viability for device applications can be determined. These results provide a basis for process integration of vertical SWCNTs using EPD.
Cover Image, Volume 232, Number 7, July 2017 (2017)

Cover: The cover image, by Peter S.T. Yuen et al. is based on the From the Bench Paper Quantification of Exosomes, DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25387.
Postbulbar peptic ulceration of the duodenum. (1976)

One hundred and twenty patients operated upon for peptic ulcer diathesis had intraluminal digital examination of the duodenum seeking post-bulbar ulcers. Twelve such ulcers were found, an incidence of 10 per cent. In six of these patients, the postbulbar ulcer was an unexpected finding, and in two patients, a second ulcer was present. A review of the patients with postbulbar ulcers revealed that these patients had severe ulcer symptoms that responded poorly to medical management. Our patients were treated by truncal vagotomy and an outlet procedure. In ten patients, the anterior duodenotomy was extended to include the stenotic area. A Jaboulay gastroduodenostomy was performed in one patient, and duodenoplasty with pyloroplasty in another patient. These 12 patients were observed from one to six years. There were no deaths. Two patients had temporary gastric atony and one patient had a dumping syndrome. Three patients have had possible recurrence of the ulcer, reoperation being required in one patient. It is possible that unrecognized postbulbar stenosis may be a cause of recurrent peptic ulcer following some surgical procedures. To recognize these ulcers, we believe that the duodenum should be inspected by intraluminal palpation in all patients operated upon for peptic ulcer disease.
Prostaglandin D2 in Sleep-Wake Regulation: Recent Progress and Perspectives (2002)

Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is one of the most active endogenous sleep-promoting substances, which induces physiological sleep in rodents, primates, and most probably in humans as well. In this update article, we review recent experimental results concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying sleep-wake regulation by PGD2, the link between the humoral regulation by the PGD2 system, and the neural network involved in the promotion of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and the abnormality of NREM sleep regulation found in gene-manipulated mice for PGD synthase.
GAS64, the first amplified and putative non-translated gene (2002)

Gene amplification occurs frequently in human glioblastomas. We report the amplification and expression analysis of glioma amplified sequence 64 (GAS64) which was recently identified by microdissection mediated cDNA capture from the amplicon at 12q13-15. Herein we analyzed primary tumor tissues for amplification frequency and found amplification of GAS64 in 5 out of 49 glioblastomas. The amplification frequency of 10% for GAS64 found among glioblastomas is comparable to the frequency described for other genes from the 12q13-15 amplicon. To isolate the full-length cDNA of GAS64, we performed cDNA library screening and RACE. Sequence analysis of the gene revealed no open reading frame longer than 191 bp suggesting that the RNA may function as a non-translated RNA. Non-translated RNAs have been reported to function on the RNA level as regulators of gene expression. Northern hybridization of GAS64 revealed an increased GAS64 expression in many human glioblastomas with and without GAS64 gene amplification. This is the first report on an amplified and expressed gene with a short open reading frame (ORF). GAS64 may be a candidate gene for regulating gene expression in glioblastomas at the RNA level, possibly through expression of a non-translated RNA.
Updated analysis of phase 2 study of bendamustine and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis (2019)

"Updated analysis of phase 2 study of bendamustine and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis." Amyloid, 26(sup1), pp. 113–114
Joint Caching in Fronthaul and Backhaul Constrained C-RAN (2017)

Caching popular contents closer to users has been proposed to alleviate wireless network traffic and improve user quality of experience (QoE). Decisions on where and what to cache is of great importance. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical cache-enabled cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architecture where joint caching is considered in both remote radio heads (RRHs) and baseband units (BBUs) with the constraints of backhaul and fronthaul links. We formulate the content placement problem as an integer linear programming (ILP) model with the objective of minimizing the average content download time. A heuristic algorithm is proposed in order to reduce the time complexity. Simulation results of the average download delay are analyzed from different aspects including caching locations, total file lengths, cache sizes and file popularities, and they demonstrate that the performance of the proposed popularity-based algorithm approximates ILP solutions closely but with high time efficiency.
In-Crease: Less Concrete More Paper (2023)

Concrete is one of the most used materials after water. Largely owing to this, its environmental impact is substantial, although its embodied carbon per unit volume or mass is low when compared to most alternatives. This, along with the broad availability, good strength, durability and versatility of concrete means that it will remain a material of choice, although more efficient ways of using it must be found. Structurally optimized building components are a means to do this as they can save about 50% material. Unfortunately, however, such elements are presently too expensive to produce owing to them requiring non-standard formwork. It is an objective of digital fabrication to propose solutions to this issue. In this con-text, Digital Casting Systems (DCS) have advanced material control strategies for setting-on-demand in digital concrete processing. Thereby, the formwork pressure is reduced to a minimum, which opens possibilities of rethinking formworks as systems that are dynamically shaping, millimetre thin or weakly supporting the material cast inside. In this paper we present a brief overview of millimetre thin formworks and summarize the first realization of concrete elements that utilizes the mechanics of paper folding to make millimetre thin formworks up to 2.5 meters high. Such formworks could initially be flat packed, erected into shape, and eventually peeled-off and recycled in established material streams. This would reduce waste and transport cost, while offering a surface finish that meets the expectations for exposed concrete surfaces.
3D Electromagnetic and Thermal Analysis for an Optimized Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine (2018)

International audience
Silent TCP connection closure for cellular networks (2013)

FIN and RST packets that close TCP connections are often delayed by timeout. In cellular networks, delayed FIN/RST packets often incur significant energy consumption overhead for handsets. On the other hand, closing TCP connection immediately after its last data transfer avoids the energy overhead, but can cause performance degradation as doing so makes reusing TCP connections difficult. To resolve such a dilemma, we propose a novel TCP extension called STC (Silent TCP connection Closure) using which both endpoints close a TCP connection silently without exchanging FIN or RST packets after timeout. Our solution is lightweight, backward-compatible, and incrementally deployable. It requires modifications to smartphone operation systems, but, if supported by cellular middleboxes, no change to remote servers. We evaluate the benefits of STC using a 10-day real trace consisting of 0.6 million LTE user sessions. When fully deployed, STC can save the overall handset radio energy consumption by up to 11.3% and reduce the network-wide signaling load by up to 6.0%.
Multivariable passive RFID vapor sensors: roll-to-roll fabrication on a flexible substrate (2012)

We demonstrate roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication of highly selective, battery-free radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymeric substrate. Selectivity of our developed RFID sensors is provided by measurements of their resonance impedance spectra, followed by the multivariate analysis of spectral features, and correlation of these spectral features to the concentrations of vapors of interest. The multivariate analysis of spectral features also provides the ability for the rejection of ambient interferences. As a demonstration of our R2R fabrication process, we employed polyetherurethane (PEUT) as a "classic" sensing material, extruded this sensing material as 25, 75, and 125-μm thick films, and thermally laminated the films onto RFID inlays, rapidly producing approximately 5000 vapor sensors. We further tested these RFID vapor sensors for their response selectivity toward several model vapors such as toluene, acetone, and ethanol as well as water vapor as an abundant interferent. Our RFID sensing concept features 16-bit resolution provided by the sensor reader, granting a highly desired independence from costly proprietary RFID memory chips with a low-resolution analog input. Future steps are being planned for field-testing of these sensors in numerous conditions.
Endourologic Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Hematuria (1987)

Macroscopic lateralizing hematuria was noted at cystoscopy in eight patients. All patients underwent ureterorenoscopy, percutaneous nephroscopy, or both, and in all cases, an active or suspected bleeding site was identified and fulgurated. No patient required an open operation or blood transfusion. Follow-up at 2 weeks to 36 months revealed resolution of hematuria in six of the eight patients. The other two patients have been managed medically. An endourologic algorithm for approaching lateralizing macroscopic hematuria is presented.
Public and private V beta T cell receptor repertoires against hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) in nontransgenic versus HEL transgenic mice. (1994)

We have previously produced a transgenic mouse line for hen egg lysozyme (HEL), an experimental model for analyzing tolerance to self-antigens at the peptide level. We have now characterized transgenic mice with HEL blood levels below 2 ng/ml, where significant T cell proliferative responses to HEL and its immunodominant peptide were observed. This HEL-low transgenic model was chosen because it mimics physiological conditions in which autoreactive T lymphocytes, recognizing self-components expressed at very low levels, persist without inducing a break in tolerance. Furthermore, in H-2d mice, HEL-specific T lymphocytes are triggered by a single immunodominant region, allowing us to compare the HEL-specific T cell V beta repertoires of transgenic and nontransgenic animals against a single peptide presented as self or foreign, respectively. We found that a V beta 8.2-D beta 1-J beta 1.5 rearrangement is found in response to HEL in all nontransgenic mice, whereas this V beta-restricted response is absent in HEL-low transgenic animals. At the nucleotide level, this rearrangement results from the trimming of the genomic segments during VDJ or DJ joining, without N additions, suggesting that the dominant rearrangement is selected early during fetal or neonatal life, before the expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. In HEL-low transgenic mice, no dominant rearrangements are found as alternatives to the one observed in normal mice. Instead, each transgenic animal uses a different set of V beta-J beta combinations in its response to the immunodominant HEL peptide. In nontransgenic mice, besides the dominant V beta 8.2-D beta 1-J beta 1.5 combination, minor V beta repertoires were found which differed in each animal and were distinct from the rearrangements used by individual transgenic mice. These findings suggest that the T cell response to an immunodominant peptide involves a "public" V beta repertoire found in all animals and a "private" one which is specific to each individual.
Highlights from the 2019 International Myopia Summit on ‘controversies in myopia’ (2020)

Myopia is an emerging public health issue with potentially significant economic and social impact, especially in East Asia. However, many uncertainties about myopia and its clinical management remain. The International Myopia Summit workgroup was convened by the Singapore Eye Research Institute, the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness in 2019. The aim of this workgroup was to summarise available evidence, identify gaps or unmet needs and provide consensus on future directions for clinical research in myopia. In this review, among the many 'controversies in myopia' discussed, we highlight three main areas of consensus. First, development of interventions for the prevention of axial elongation and pathologic myopia is needed, which may require a multifaceted approach targeting the Bruch's membrane, choroid and/or sclera. Second, clinical myopia management requires co-operation between optometrists and ophthalmologists to provide patients with holistic care and a tailored approach that balances risks and benefits of treatment by using optical and pharmacological interventions. Third, current diagnostic technologies to detect myopic complications may be improved through collaboration between clinicians, researchers and industry. There is an unmet need to develop new imaging modalities for both structural and functional analyses and to establish normative databases for myopic eyes. In conclusion, the workgroup's call to action advocated for a paradigm shift towards a collaborative approach in the holistic clinical management of myopia.