gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐E‐T‐687: Reverse Auto‐Planning: Assessing Dose Escalation in Pancreatic Stereotactic Radiotherapy From a Shape Database of Prior Patients (2013)

Purpose: Automatic treatment planning can be used to determine achievable dose values before optimization. Reverse auto planning instead looks to find the highest target dose while still meeting critical structure objectives. A tool incorporating reverse auto planning is proposed for prediction of planning difficulty. Methods: A SQL database of 53 pancreas stereotactic body radiotherapy patients is populated with dose and structure information. Overlap volume histograms (OVH) are generated for each organ at risk (OAR) and target pair. For each structure, the lowest achievable target dose, which was calculated by selecting the lowest dose from all patients with a smaller distance to overlap, was queried together with maximum target dose. The lowest target dose from the list of maximum target dose per structure represents the highest achieved dose from the database population. Additional scaling can be used which scales the maximum achievable target dose per structure to the limiting dose of the OAR. Results: For patients analyzed using this tool, the predicted maximum target dose serves as a predictor of planning difficulty. If the predicted maximum target dose is high, plans which meet OAR objectives are easier to generate. If the predicted maximum target dose is low, plans are more difficult and planning objectives may not be achievable. Conclusion: A tool for predicting the maximum achievable target dose is developed. This tool estimates plan difficulty and achievability prior to planning and can be used to determine if dose escalation may be appropriate or if alternate treatment strategies should be used due to difficulty in achieving desired goals. Support by Philips Healthcare: Philips Radiation Oncology Services
HUnTer: Hardware Underneath Trigger for Exploiting SoC-level Vulnerabilities (2023)

Systems-on-chip (SoCs) have become increasingly large and complex, resulting in new threats and vulnerabilities, mainly related to system-level flaws. However, the system-level verification process, whose violation may lead to exploiting a hardware vulnerability, is not studied comprehensively due to the lack of decisive (security) requirements and properties from the SoC designer's perspective. To enable a more comprehensive verification for system-level properties, this paper presents HUnTer (Hardware Underneath Trigger), a framework for identifying sets (sequences) of instructions at the processor unit (PU) that unveils the underneath hardware vulnerabilities. The HUnTer framework automates (i) threat modeling, (ii) threat-based formal verification, (iii) generation of counterexamples, and (iv) generation of snippet code for exploiting the vulnerability. The HUnTer framework also defines a security coverage metric (HUnT_Coverage) to measure the performance and efficacy of the proposed approach. Using the HUnTer framework on a RISC-V-based open-source SoC architecture, we conduct a wide variety of case studies of Trust-HUB vulnerabilities to demonstrate the high effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Z-Scan: A Simple And Sensitive Technique For Nonlinear Refraction Measurements (1990)

We describe a sensitive technique for measuring nonlinear refraction in a variety of materials that offers simplicity, sensitivity and speed. The transmittance of a sample is measured through a finite aperture in the <i>far-field</i> as the sample is moved along the propagation path (z) of a focused Gaussian beam. The sign and magnitude of the nonlinearity is easily deduced from such a transmittance curve (Z-scan). Employing this technique a sensitivity of better than &lambda;/300 wavefront distortion is achieved in n<sub>2</sub> measurements of BaF<sub>2</sub> using picosecond frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser pulses.
An Integrated Draft 802.11n Compliant MIMO Baseband and MAC Processor (2007)

A 3 times 3 MIMO baseband and MAC processor in 0.18 mum 6M CMOS occupies 62.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and dissipates (Tx/Rx) 1379/1200mW at 1.8V including ADCs, DACs, and PCI/PCIe PHY. The integrated BB and MAC delivers up to 300Mb/s in 40MHz bandwidth, greater than 150Mb/s TCP throughput best case and a maximum range of 700ft range.
Correction to: Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes onset can be predicted using biomarkers measured at birth (2021)

International audience
In vivo depletion of T lymphocyte-specific transcription factors by RNA interference (2010)

The generation of specific T lymphocyte subsets is under the strict control of specific transcription factors, as this has been shown by knockout experiments in mice. Here, we show that siRNAs that specifically target the transcription factor Gata3 (which is required for the development of T helper 1 cells) or T-Bet (which is required for the development of T helper 2 cells) can be effective in vivo. Thus, the intraperitoneal injection of siRNAs specific for Gata3 or t-Bet leads to the specific depletion of their target gene products in vivo, in the spleen and in the lymph nodes of mice. The immunomodulatory action of these siRNAs was validated in a model of anti-tumor vaccination in which colorectal cancer cells that succumb to anthracyclin-induced immunogenic cell death were injected subcutaneously into one flank, in the absence of any adjuvant and live tumor cells were injected simultaneously in the opposite flank of immunocompetent mice. In this setting, the siRNA targeting t-Bet was able to accelerate tumor growth while the siRNA targeting Gata3 significantly reduced the proliferation of cancer cells in vivo. These effects were dependent on the immune response elicited by dying tumor cells because both siRNAs failed to modulate the growth of tumors in non-vaccinated mice. The immune response-dependent anticancer effect of the Gata3-specific siRNA was not due to the induction of class I interferons and could be fully abolished by co-injection of t-Bet-specific siRNA. These results demonstrate the possibility to use siRNAs for immunomodulaton in vivo and illustrate the antagonistic implication of distinct T helper populations in anti-cancer immune responses.
Tissue Interactions with Dermal Sheep Collagen Implants: A Transmission Electron Microscopical Evaluation (1991)

Tissue interactions with discs of dermal sheep collagen (DSC), subcutaneously implanted in rats, were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. DSC cross-linked with hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDSC) had already been tested previously. In the present study, we compared tissue interactions of non-cross-linked DSC (NDSC) and glutaraldehyde-cross-linked DSC (GDSC) with those of HDSC. To gain more insight in the relation between basophil-like cells, foreign body multinucleate giant (FBM-G) cells derived from them, and aluminum/silicate (Al/Si)-crystals, we also implanted agarose-embedded Al/Si-crystals. GDSC induced early after implantation extensive lipid formation, cell degeneration and death, but NDSC did not have any cytotoxic effects. Basophil-like (FBM-G) cells specifically dealt with Al/Si-crystals, because they were attracted by the agarose-embedded Al/Si-crystals. These cells were also attracted by GDSC and NDSC, where Al/Si-crystals are present. Accumulation of Al/Si-crystals was especially prominent with GDSC. Degradation by phagocytosis was in part carried out by FBM-G cells, derived from macrophages or fibroblasts, and observed only with GDSC, which indicates that the presence of cross-links is a prerequisite for their formation.
Microstructure Refinement in Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloyby Compressive Torsion Processing (2009)

Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy has excellent properties such as high temperature strength and high wear resistance owing to the presence of dispersed Si particles. However, its ductility and formability are reduced by such precipitates. To solve this problem, the microstructure refinement and homogeneous dispersion of a fine Si phase are necessary. The authors have investigated the microstructure refining method for hypereutectic Al-Si alloy by compressive torsion processing (CTP). It is an effective severe plastic deformation process which entails the simultaneous application of compressive and torsional loading to a cylindrical work piece. In this study, the effects of compressive torsion processing temperature and torsion number on the microstructure refinement of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy are dealt with. When CTP was applied on Al-Si alloy, primary Si and eutectic Si were refined more effectively at lower temperatures but they were dispersed more uniformly at higher processing temperatures. As torsion number increased, primary Si and eutectic Si were refined not only near the upper and lower dies but also inside the specimen.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Promoted Reaction of β,β‐Difluorinated N,O‐Acetal with Silylated Nucleophiles. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and antibacterial properties of a hybrid of silver–potato starch nanocapsules by miniemulsion/polyaddition polymerization (2014)

Controlled synthesis of hollow polymeric nanocapsules has attracted significant attention in a wide range of applications. This paper reports a facile method for the synthesis of hybrid starch nanocapsules decorated with silver nanoparticles using the inverse miniemulsion polyaddition technique. Silver nanoparticles are formed and embedded in the shell of the nanocapsules during the polyaddition process without using any additional reducing agents. We found that silver also acts as a lipophobe that builds up osmotic pressure in the droplets facilitating the formation of stable round shaped nanocapsules. The nanocapsules' shell thickness could be tuned from 13 to 29 nm by varying the amount of cross-linker. We investigated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanocapsules against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 which are two bacteria of medical relevance. The silver nanoparticle decorated nanocapsules showed antibacterial properties against both bacteria at the MIC of 2.315 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> while control nanocapsules without silver had no antibacterial activity.
Statistical analysis of electrical equalization of differential mode delay in MMF links for 10-Gigabit Ethernet (2005)

Through statistical analysis of a large number of worst-case multimode fiber channels, we demonstrate that using electrical equalization, the 300 m-transmission reach at 10 Gb/s can be guaranteed for installed multimode fiber under any launch condition.
Control of Directed Self-Assembly in Block Polymers by Polymeric Topcoats (2014)

The morphology of a block copolymer thin film is particularly sensitive to its boundary conditions. Lithographic applications of block polymers in the microelectronics and memory device industries require formation of morphologies with perpendicularly oriented domains. Current fabrication targets envisage the creation of dense arrays of structures with domain sizes in the sub-10 nm regime. Such length scales can be reached by resorting to block polymers with highly incompatible blocks (and a large Flory–Huggins parameter, χ). High χ values, however, generally lead to large differences in the surface energies of the corresponding blocks, thereby interfering with formation of the sought-after perpendicularly oriented domains. In this work, a coarse grain model is used to develop a topcoat strategy that enables control of the orientation of block copolymer domains in highly incompatible block polymer materials. A systematic study of a wide range of polymeric material combinations is presented, and the conditions leading to optimal assembly of perpendicular morphologies are clearly identified. We consider the effect of molecular weight, block polymer film thickness and architecture, and degree of incompatibility. Our results are summarized in the form of generic phase diagrams that should serve as a guide for experimental deployment of the topcoat strategy put forth in this work.
Adenosine Kinase Inhibitors (1998)

Adenosine (ADO) is an endogenous modulator of intercellular signaling that provides homeostatic reductions in cell excitability during tissue stress and trauma. The inhibitory actions of ADO are mediated by interactions with specific cell-surface G-protein coupled receptors regulating membrane cation flux, polarization, and the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. ADO kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is the key intracellular enzyme regulating intra- and extracellular ADO concentrations. Inhibition of AK produces marked increases in extracellular ADO levels that are localized to cells and tissues undergoing accelerated ADO release. Thus AK inhibition represents a mechanism to selectively enhance the protective actions of ADO during tissue trauma without producing the nonspecific effects associated with the systemic administration of ADO receptor agonists. During the last 10 years, specific inhibitors of AK based on the endogenous purine nucleoside substrate, ADO, have been developed. Potent AK inhibitors have recently been synthesized that demonstrate high specificity for this enzyme as compared to other ADO metabolic enzymes, transporters, and receptors. In both in vitro and in vivo models, AK inhibitors have been shown to potently increase ADO concentrations in a tissue and event specific fashion and to demonstrate potential clinical utility in animal models of epilepsy, ischemia, pain, and inflammation. AK inhibitors have demonstrated superior efficacy in these models as compared to other mechanisms of modulating ADO availability, and these agents exhibit reduced side-effect liabilities compared to direct acting ADO receptor agonists. The preclinical profile of AK inhibitors indicate that these agents may have therapeutic utility in a variety of central and peripheral diseases associated with cellular trauma and inflammation. Clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the efficacy of AK inhibitors in seizure disorders and pain.
BURN DEPTH ESTIMATION – MAN OR MACHIEN (1983)

A Burn Depth Indicator, utilizing reflectance ratios of red, green, and infrared light, has been devised and clinically tested for 18 months at our Burn Center. Using the endpoint of wound healing in less than or more than 3 weeks, clinical assessment by two experienced surgeons of intermediate depth wounds was compared to readings from the BDI . In about one third of cases the surgeons were unwilling to commit themselves to a prediction. In the cases where the surgeons were willing to make a prediction, they were incorrect about 25% of the time. The BDI was significantly more accurate than the clinical assessment in those predicted not to heal by the surgeons and maintained an accuracy of 79% in the wounds where the surgeons would not make a prediction. The BDI is portable, noninvasive, and provides an immediate reading. It may have utility as a triage tool for emergency rooms or combat situations, and has utility at present in our Burn Center as a more accurate tool than our clinical judgment in predicting which wounds should be excised and grafted during the first few days after injury.
Metal/biopolymer interface for packing application (2015)

Poster presented at the DGP Verhandlungen, held in Berlin (Germany) on March 15-20th, 2015.
25 Gbps transmission from a 1310 nm Si photonics transceiver over OM4 fibers using modal dispersion compensation (2015)

We demonstrate transmissions of 25Gb/s signals from 1310nm silicon photonics transceiver over OM4 MMF through modal dispersion compensation. With the compensation fiber, ~1dB link power penalty was achieved over 70 and 100m OM4 fiber links.
Uric Acid and Its Relationship with Glycosaminoglycans in Normal and Stone-Former Subjects (1989)

Uric acid is implicated in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. Conspicuously so far, two hypotheses have been proposed: direct induction of calcium oxalate precipitation by uric acid, and uric acid as anti-inhibitor by binding urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGS). The aim of this work is to evaluate uric acid and the relationship with GAGS in a group of patients with calcium oxalate lithiasis, and in a control group for detecting possible differences between the two groups. It was found that the lower concentration of GAGS in stone formers could impede their inhibitory activity on the heterogeneous nucleation of uric acid in calcium stone formation.
Protective Effect of Edaravone against Cationic Lipid-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis (2020)

Liposomes containing ionizable cationic lipids have been widely used for the delivery of nucleic acids such as small-interfering RNA and mRNA. The utility of cationic lipids with a permanent positive charge, however, is limited to in vitro transfection of cultured cells due to its dose-limiting toxic side effects observed in animals. Several reports have suggested that the permanently charged cationic lipids induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-mediated toxicity in cells. We therefore hypothesized that the concomitant use of ROS inhibitor could reduce toxicity and improve drug efficacy. In this study, suppression of the cationic toxicity was evaluated using an ROS scavenger, edaravone, which is a low-molecular-weight antioxidant drug clinically approved for acute-phase cerebral infarction and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell viability assay in the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264 indicated that the concomitant use of edaravone were not able to suppress the cytotoxicity induced by cationic liposomes comprised of monovalent cationic lipid N-(1-[2,3-dioleyloxy]propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA) over a short period of time. Cationic lipids-induced necrosis was assumed to be involved in the cytotoxicity upon short-term exposure to cationic liposomes. On the other hand, the significant improvement of cell viability was observed when the short treatment with cationic liposomes was followed by exposure to edaravone for 24 h. It was also confirmed that apoptosis inhibition by ROS elimination might have contributed to this effect. These results suggest the utility of continuous administration with edaravone as concomitant drug for suppression of adverse reactions in therapeutic treatment using cationic liposomes.
Minimal surfaces and multifunctionality (2004)

Triply periodic minimal surfaces are objects of great interest to physical scientists, biologists and mathematicians. It has recently been shown that triply periodic two-phase bicontinuous composites with interfaces that are the Schwartz primitive (P) and diamond (D) minimal surfaces are not only geometrically extremal but extremal for simultaneous transport of heat and electricity. More importantly, here we further establish the multifunctionality of such two-phase systems by showing that they are also extremal when a competition is set up between the effective bulk modulus and the electrical (or thermal) conductivity of the composite. The implications of our findings for materials science and biology, which provides the ultimate multifunctional materials, are discussed.
Figure S1 from A Comparative Study of Neuroendocrine Heterogeneity in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Intratumoral NE heterogeneity in SCLC patient tumors and intra-cell line NE heterogeneity in SCLC and NBL cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 4694: ABBV-075, a novel BET family inhibitor, disrupts critical transcription programs that drive prostate cancer growth to induce potent anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo (2016)

Abstract The novel bromodomain inhibitor, ABBV-075, is being tested in a Phase I study for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we show that potent inhibition of the BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) family with ABBV-075 is a highly efficacious therapy in pre-clinical models of prostate cancer. The single-digit to low nanomolar anti-proliferative IC50s and potent in vivo tumor growth inhibition of ABBV-075 is mediated in part via inhibition of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transcription. Prostate tumor incidence and CRPC clinical progression are driven by aberrant activation of the AR transcription program. Gene expression profiling and qPCR results indicate that ABBV-075 inhibited DHT-stimulated transcription of AR target genes without significant effect on AR protein expression. Further, ABBV-075 disrupted DHT-stimulated recruitment of the BET family member BRD4 to gene regulatory regions co-occupied by AR, including the well-established PSA and TMPRSS2 enhancers. Persistent BET inhibition led to the disassembly of AR occupied enhancers as measured by a reduction in AR and H3K27Ac ChIP signal and additionally downregulated enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcription. ABBV-075 displayed potent anti-proliferative activity in multiple models of resistance to the second generation anti-androgen Enzalutamide, including the F876L, L702H AR ligand binding domain mutations and the AR-V7 splicing variant. In addition to blocking the transcription activation downstream of AR, ABBV-075 is also a potent inhibitor of MYC and the TMPRSS2-ETS fusion proteins. Thus, we propose that ABBV-075 may provide a promising therapeutic option for CRPC patients who have developed resistance to second-generation anti-androgens. Citation Format: Emily J. Faivre, Denise M. Wilcox, Paul Hessler, Tamar Uziel, Paul Tapang, Terry Magoc, Daniel H. Albert, Guowei Fang, Saul Rosenberg, Keith McDaniel, Keith McDaniel, Warren Kati, Yu Shen. ABBV-075, a novel BET family inhibitor, disrupts critical transcription programs that drive prostate cancer growth to induce potent anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4694.
Granular Convection and Transport due to Horizontal Shaking (1997)

Vibrated horizontally, granular material has different convection patterns from those observed for the equivalent vertical vibration. Among the patterns that develop, above the onset of bulk motion, is a four roll convection pattern. Surface sloshing produces two smaller convective rolls above two lower interior rolls. Horizontal vibration creates intermittent gaps between the sidewalls and the heap of material. Avalanches of material into these gaps drives the lower convection rolls. This is a different physical mechanism from that observed in convection driven by vertical vibration. As is well known, convection patterns can drive size segregation, and we illustrate some of these effects.