gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is the intrinsic conductivity of AlGaSb grown at low temperatures n or p type? (1984)

In liquid phase epitaxial GaSb and AlGaSb grown at low temperatures some papers reported p-type conductivity and others observed the conversion to n-type conductivity. In this paper, it is shown that p-type conductivity is intrinsic at growth temperatures down to 350 °C and that the extrinsic impurities influence the concentration at lower growth temperatures than 350 °C.
Dressing 3D Humans using a Conditional Mesh-VAE-GAN. (2019)

Three-dimensional human body models are widely used in the analysis of human
pose and motion. Existing models, however, are learned from minimally-clothed
humans and thus do not capture the complexity of dressed humans in common
images and videos. To address this, we learn a generative 3D mesh model of
clothing from 3D scans of people with varying pose. Going beyond previous work,
our generative model is conditioned on different clothing types, giving the
ability to dress different body shapes in a variety of clothing. To do so, we
train a conditional Mesh-VAE-GAN on clothing displacements from a 3D SMPL body
model. This generative clothing model enables us to sample various types of
clothing, in novel poses, on top of SMPL. With a focus on clothing geometry,
the model captures both global shape and local structure, effectively extending
the SMPL model to add clothing. To our knowledge, this is the first conditional
VAE-GAN that works on 3D meshes. For clothing specifically, it is the first
such model that directly dresses 3D human body meshes and generalizes to
different poses.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF O‐PHENYLENE DIISOTHIOCYANATE. PART 2. REACTIONS WITH ENAMINES, AN YNAMINE AND SOME REACTIVE METHYLENE COMPOUNDS (1981)

Abstract In wasserfreiem Ether reagiert das Diisothiocyanat (I) mit dem Enamin (II) zur Additionsverbindung (III), die sich zum Tetrahydrobenzimidazo‐"benzothiazin (IV) umsetzen läßt. Analog werden das Produkt (V) aus (I) und l‐Morpholino‐cyclopenten und die heterocyclischen Addukte (VI) und (VII) aus (I) und den entsprechenden Enaminen erhalten.
Synthetic PET via Domain Translation of 3-D MRI (2022)

Historically, patient datasets have been used to develop and validate various reconstruction algorithms for PET/MRI and PET/CT. To enable such algorithm development, without the need for acquiring hundreds of patient exams, in this article we demonstrate a deep learning technique to generate synthetic but realistic whole-body PET sinograms from abundantly available whole-body MRI. Specifically, we use a dataset of 56 <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/MRI exams to train a 3-D residual UNet to predict physiologic PET uptake from whole-body T1-weighted MRI. In training, we implemented a balanced loss function to generate realistic uptake across a large dynamic range and computed losses along tomographic lines of response to mimic the PET acquisition. The predicted PET images are forward projected to produce synthetic PET (sPET) time-of-flight (ToF) sinograms that can be used with vendor-provided PET reconstruction algorithms, including using CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC) and MR-based attenuation correction (MRAC). The resulting synthetic data recapitulates physiologic <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake, e.g., high uptake localized to the brain and bladder, as well as uptake in liver, kidneys, heart, and muscle. To simulate abnormalities with high uptake, we also insert synthetic lesions. We demonstrate that this sPET data can be used interchangeably with real PET data for the PET quantification task of comparing CTAC and MRAC methods, achieving ≤ 7.6% error in mean-SUV compared to using real data. These results together show that the proposed sPET data pipeline can be reasonably used for development, evaluation, and validation of PET/MRI reconstruction methods.
Imaging the Glycosylation State of Cell Surface Glycoproteins by Two‐Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (2013)

Glykoproteine im Fokus: Die metabolische Markierung von Glycanen mit Azidozuckern (siehe Bild) in Kombination mit bildgebender Zweiphotonenfluoreszenzlebensdauermikroskopie ermöglichte die Visualisierung von spezifischen Glykoformen endogener Proteine. Die Methode wurde zum Nachweis von glykosylierten Proteinen in Zellkultur und intakten humanen Gewebeschnitten genutzt. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Sensor development and calibration method for inline detection of viscosity and solids content of non-Newtonian fluids (2015)

Le projet de recherche conjoint EURAMET Dveloppement et mthode d'talonnage de capteurs en ligne pour la mesure de la viscosit et du contenu solide (ENG59-NNL) concerne les fluides de forage, en particulier dans le secteur de l'nergie du ptrole et du gaz. Ce projet regroupe sept laboratoires europens de mtrologie, trois compagnies ptrolires, quatre constructeurs d'instruments de rhologie et des laboratoires de recherches universitaires et industriels. Les fluides de forages contiennent une grande quantit de matires solides. Leur viscosit varie en fonction de la vitesse de cisaillement. Ce sont des liquides non-newtoniens rhofluidifiant seuil avec un comportement qui dpend du temps, ils sont thixotropes. Un des buts de ce projet est d'aider au dveloppement de capteurs de mesures en ligne de la viscosit, de la masse volumique, de la concentration et de la distribution en taille de particules solides de ces liquides. Les autres buts de ce projet, sont: de pallier une absence de norme sur les dispositifs de mesures de viscosit dans le domaine des fluides non-newtoniens, de permettre d'valuer ces appareils de laboratoires ou ceux qui dans l'avenir pourraient tre utiliss en ligne; de dvelopper des matriaux de rfrence certifis similaires aux fluides de forage pour les appareils de laboratoire et pour les appareils sur site; de faire enregistrer des CMCs (Calibration and Measurement Capabilities) par les Instituts Nationaux de Mtrologie, pour assurer la traabilit des instruments de mesures. Le projet est prsent sur le site web (www.eng59-rheology.eu).
Towards the Development of a Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device (2006)

The very limited options available to treat ventricular failure in children with congenital and acquired heart diseases have motivated the development of a pediatric ventricular assist device at the University of Pittsburgh (UoP) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). Our effort involves a consortium consisting of UoP, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP), Carnegie Mellon University, World Heart Corporation, and LaunchPoint Technologies, Inc. The overall aim of our program is to develop a highly reliable, biocompatible ventricular assist device (VAD) for chronic support (6 months) of the unique and high-risk population of children between 3 and 15 kg (patients from birth to 2 years of age). The innovative pediatric ventricular assist device we are developing is based on a miniature mixed flow turbodynamic pump featuring magnetic levitation, to assure minimal blood trauma and risk of thrombosis. This review article discusses the limitations of current pediatric cardiac assist treatment options and the work to date by our consortium toward the development of a pediatric VAD.
A Multilevel ON/OFF Model for Multifractal Internet Traffic (2002)

In this paper, an open-loop multilevel ON/OFF model is proposed to capture the multifractal behavior of the HTTP traffic on the Internet.It is assumed that the life time of a TCP session and the active time of a burst within a TCP session have a heavy-tail type distribution.The aggregate traffic of this model is shown to be multifractal.We analyze its second and higher order statistics by the wavelet analysis and develop a simple method to estimate the model parameters from a real Internet trace.We show that real and synthesized traffic produce the same Logscale Diagram with accuracy, for proper selection of the model parameter.Finally, we compare using the NS-2 simulator the queueing behavior of FIFO queues fed by real and synthetic traffic demands.
Example-based photometric stereo: shape reconstruction with general, varying BRDFs (2005)

This paper presents a technique for computing the geometry of objects with general reflectance properties from images. For surfaces with varying material properties, a full segmentation into different material types is also computed. It is assumed that the camera viewpoint is fixed, but the illumination varies over the input sequence. It is also assumed that one or more example objects with similar materials and known geometry are imaged under the same illumination conditions. Unlike most previous work in shape reconstruction, this technique can handle objects with arbitrary and spatially-varying BRDFs. Furthermore, the approach works for arbitrary distant and unknown lighting environments. Finally, almost no calibration is needed, making the approach exceptionally simple to apply.
Validation of a Mimic Heart Failure Model (2011)

Introduction: Animal models which mimic the clinical characteristics of heart failure (HF) with dyssynchrony play a critical role in development of new therapies. Existing HF animal models created by left bundle branch block (LBBB), rapid pacing, or microembolization alone or in combinations only mimic partial HF characteristics and are time-costuming and expensive. The microembolization model creates a stable reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with minimal change in QRS. Methods: Ten dogs were implanted with two epicardial leads on the left ventricle (LV) and LBBB ablation increased QRS width by 2×. After 4 weeks, HF was induced by microembolization procedures every 1–3 weeks by injecting microspheres into one or both of the coronary arteries (LAD and Left Circumflex) until LVEF decreased to <35% by echocardiography. Results: Two dogs (20%) died during the microembolization procedure. All surviving canines developed severe ischemic cardiomyopathy with dyssynchrony. QRS width significantly increased after LBBB and was stable throughout multiple microembolizations. LVEF significantly decreased after multiple microembolizations but not after LBBB. The pathological examination was performed in the failed hearts at end of the study. Conclusion: This viable and reproducible canine model can mimic heart failure characteristics and serve as a useful tool to evaluate new HF therapies.
Structural Optimization of Zn(II)-Activated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes (2013)

We report the structural optimization and mechanistic investigation of a series of bioactivated magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents that transform from low relaxivity to high relaxivity in the presence of Zn(II). The change in relaxivity results from a structural transformation of the complex that alters the coordination environment about the Gd(III) center. Here, we have performed a series of systematic modifications to determine the structure that provides the optimal change in relaxivity in response to the presence of Zn(II). Relaxivity measurements in the presence and absence of Zn(II) were used in conjunction with measurements regarding water access (namely, number of water molecules bound) to the Gd(III) center and temperature-dependent (13)C NMR spectroscopy to determine how the coordination environment about the Gd(III) center is affected by the distance between the Zn(II)-binding domain and the Gd(III) chelate, the number of functional groups on the Zn(II)-binding domain, and the presence of Zn(II). The results of this study provide valuable insight into the design principles for future bioactivated magnetic resonance probes.
Facile Synthesis of Gd-DO3A-EA Conjugated with DTPA: A Novel Calcium Dependent MR Contrast Agent (2005)

‘Smart’ contrast agents (CA) exhibit dynamic and reversible modulation of their relaxivity by specific physiological or biochemical triggers such as changes in pH, Ca2+ concentration or enzymatic activity (1-3). The extracellular concentration of Ca2+ plays important role in physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system. This led to the designing of a chelating system in which relaxivity is influenced as a function of Ca2+ concentration by changing coordination number around the paramagnetic metal ion. We synthesized a novel bifunctional bismacrocycle [Gd-(DO3A-DTPA- DO3A); Fig.] based on DO3A-EA [4,7-Bis-carboxymethyl-10-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl-acetic acid] coupled to DTPA-bis-anhydride via a flexible alkyl spacer to form the amide linkages. The overall yield of the four step synthesis starting from cyclen was 54. This gadolinium-based agent has two limiting conformational states with different Ca2+ concentrations. It is hypothesized that in the absence of Ca2+, the carboxylates of the DTPA ligand interact with the Gd3+ ions which were held in DO3A, but in the presence of Ca2+, these carboxylates rearrange to chelate Ca2+ thereby allowing water to bind directly to Gd3+. NNNNHNONNOHOOGdOOOOOONNNNOOOOOOGdNOOOONHGd-(DO3A-DTPA-DO3A) Results: MR relaxivity of Gd-(DO3A-DTPA-DO3A) at pH 7.4 in the absence of Ca2+ was found to be r1 = (5.02±0.05) s-1mM-1. In the presence of 1mM Ca2+ r1 was (6.18±0.06) s-1mM-1 and 100mM Ca2+ r1 was (7.69±0.06) s-1mM-1. These data indicate 23 relaxivity enhancement from 0-1mM Ca2+ concentration under physiological conditions thus exhibiting a possibility for use as extracellular calcium sensitive CA.
MLP-Mixer: An all-MLP Architecture for Vision (2021)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are the go-to model for computer vision. Recently, attention-based networks, such as the Vision Transformer, have also become popular. In this paper we show that while convolutions and attention are both sufficient for good performance, neither of them are necessary. We present MLP-Mixer, an architecture based exclusively on multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs). MLP-Mixer contains two types of layers: one with MLPs applied independently to image patches (i.e. "mixing" the per-location features), and one with MLPs applied across patches (i.e. "mixing" spatial information). When trained on large datasets, or with modern regularization schemes, MLP-Mixer attains competitive scores on image classification benchmarks, with pre-training and inference cost comparable to state-of-the-art models. We hope that these results spark further research beyond the realms of well established CNNs and Transformers.
Greedy Algorithm for Selecting D2D Mobile Relays under Cost Constraints (2019)

In Device-to-Device (D2D) enabled cellular networks, user-to-network relaying can be handled for improving the performance of cellular networks. When relays are in mobility, a dynamic relay selection strategy is unavoidable. In this paper, we propose a dynamic policy of relay selection that maximizes the performance of cellular networks (e.g. throughput, reliability, coverage) under cost constraints (e.g. transmission power, power budget). We model the relays' dynamics as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Since only the locations of the selected relays are observed, the sequential relay selection process is formulated as a Constrained Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (CPOMDP). The exact solution of such framework is intractable to find, therefore we prove the submodularity property of the reward and cost functions and deduce a greedy point based value iteration solution. Considering the throughput as reward metric and the energy as cost metric, numerical results are illustrated to endorse the proposed relay selection policy and to show how introducing D2D relaying can highly improve the performance of cellular networks.
Tailoring Layer-By-Layer Capsules for Biomedical Applications (2012)

Polymeric capsules have attracted great interest as versatile carrier systems in the area of medicine and pharmaceutics. These capsules are made by stepwise layer-by-layer adsorption of polymers onto a template core, which can be removed to produce hollow capsules. The cavity of these capsules can host various cargo molecules while the capsules' wall can be functionalized towards desired properties by embedding specific moieties into the multilayers. Tuning of the capsules' properties influences their interaction with cells and tissues and paves the way towards the development of stimuli-responsive capsules releasing their payload at a target site. In this review, we describe the generation of tailored layer-by-layer capsules and focus hereby on numerous potential applications of this multifunctional delivery platform in biomedical settings. We review the current status in the field and discuss the opportunities, as well as the hurdles, to be overcome to successfully transfer this technology to therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Generation of High Repetition Rate Femtosecond Pulse Trains with a High Finesse External Fabry-Perot Cavity (2007)

Generation of 130-fs pulse trains at 1560 nm with 1 GHz repetition rate is demonstrated by locking a fundamentally mode-locked 200 MHz repetition rate fiber laser to a high finesse (F=2100) external Fabry-Perot cavity.
Dynamic motif occupancy (DynaMO) analysis identifies transcription factors and their binding sites driving dynamic biological processes (2017)

Biological processes are usually associated with genome-wide remodeling of transcription driven by transcription factors (TFs). Identifying key TFs and their spatiotemporal binding patterns are indispensable to understanding how dynamic processes are programmed. However, most methods are designed to predict TF binding sites only. We present a computational method, dynamic motif occupancy analysis (DynaMO), to infer important TFs and their spatiotemporal binding activities in dynamic biological processes using chromatin profiling data from multiple biological conditions such as time-course histone modification ChIP-seq data. In the first step, DynaMO predicts TF binding sites with a random forests approach. Next and uniquely, DynaMO infers dynamic TF binding activities at predicted binding sites using their local chromatin profiles from multiple biological conditions. Another landmark of DynaMO is to identify key TFs in a dynamic process using a clustering and enrichment analysis of dynamic TF binding patterns. Application of DynaMO to the yeast ultradian cycle, mouse circadian clock and human neural differentiation exhibits its accuracy and versatility. We anticipate DynaMO will be generally useful for elucidating transcriptional programs in dynamic processes.
Direct Link Interference Suppression for Bistatic Backscatter Communication in Distributed MIMO (2023)

Backscatter communication (BC) is a promising technique for future Internet-of-Things (IoT) owing to its low complexity, low cost, and potential for energy-efficient operation in sensor networks. There are several network infrastructure setups that can be used for BC with IoT nodes. One of them is the bistatic setup where typically there is a need for high dynamic range and high-resolution analog-to-digital converters at the reader. In this paper, we investigate a bistatic BC setup with multiple antennas. We propose a novel transmission scheme, which includes a protocol for channel estimation at the carrier emitter (CE) as well as a transmit beamformer construction that suppresses the direct link interference between the two ends of a bistatic link (namely CE and reader), and increases the detection performance of the backscatter device (BD) symbol. Further, we derive a generalized log-likelihood ratio test (GLRT) to detect the symbol/presence of the BD. We also provide an iterative algorithm to estimate the unknown parameters in the GLRT. Finally, simulation results show that the required dynamic range of the system is significantly decreased, and the detection performance of the BD symbol is increased, by the proposed algorithm compared to a system not using beamforming at the CE.
A source of antihydrogen for in-flight hyperfine spectroscopy (2014)

Antihydrogen, a positron bound to an antiproton, is the simplest antiatom. Its counterpart-hydrogen--is one of the most precisely investigated and best understood systems in physics research. High-resolution comparisons of both systems provide sensitive tests of CPT symmetry, which is the most fundamental symmetry in the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. Any measured difference would point to CPT violation and thus to new physics. Here we report the development of an antihydrogen source using a cusp trap for in-flight spectroscopy. A total of 80 antihydrogen atoms are unambiguously detected 2.7 m downstream of the production region, where perturbing residual magnetic fields are small. This is a major step towards precision spectroscopy of the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen using Rabi-like beam spectroscopy.
Oleflex -- C/sub 2/-C/sub 5/ dehydrogenation updated (1986)

Significant improvements have been made in the UOP Oleflex process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of C/sub 2/-C/sub 5/ paraffins. This paper, after a brief description of the process, reviews the new developments in catalyst, process design and gives detailed pilot plant data on selective dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene, with selectivity to ethylene greater than 98 mol-%. The paper also discusses the dehydrogenation of isopentane to isopentene (isoamylene) and the integration of propane dehydrogenation with an existing ethylene plant (steam cracker), or with a typical refinery gas concentration unit. Finally, the economics of propane and isobutane dehydrogenation for the production of propylene and MTBE are discussed.
Molecular and Cellular Pathways as a Target of Therapeutic Hypothermia: Pharmacological Aspect (2012)

Induced therapeutic hypothermia is the one of the most effective tools against brain injury and inflammation. Even though its beneficial effects are well known, there are a lot of pitfalls to overcome, since the potential adverse effects of systemic hypothermia are still troublesome. Without the knowledge of the precise mechanisms of hypothermia, it will be difficult to tackle the application of hypothermia in clinical fields. Better understanding of the characteristics and modes of hypothermic actions may further extend the usage of hypothermia by developing novel drugs based on the hypothermic mechanisms or by combining hypothermia with other therapeutic modalities such as neuroprotective drugs. In this review, we describe the potential therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs, with a focus on signal pathways, gene expression, and structural changes of cells. Theapeutic hypothermia has been shown to attenuate neuroinflammation by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory mediators in the central nervous system. Along with the mechanism-based drug targets, applications of therapeutic hypothermia in combination with drug treatment will also be discussed in this review.