gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-level inorganic write-once blu-ray disc (2003)

The Blu-ray Disc (BD) technology is now emerging. Many studies have been done on a high capacity rewritable version (RW), but none on a write-once version (R), even though it would be very attractive for this format. There are several constraints using organic write-once dyes. They currently present weak potentialities for high recording velocities. There are problems of spin coating maintenance, and it is also quite complicated to pill up several recordable levels. So we looked toward an inorganic solution and a possible media stack for a single and even a dual level inorganic write-once blu-ray disc.
Time-resolved fluorescence line-narrowing and lifetime studies of gel-derived Eu 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 systems (1994)

Time-resolved, fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) spectra and fluorescence lifetimes are used to characterize local structure in Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped silica gels. Co-doping with Al<SUP>3+</SUP> is shown to have a significant effect on the local structure of the Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ion in the silica matrix. A pulsed dye laser was used to selectively excite subsets of ions contributing to the inhomogeneously broadened <SUP>7</SUP>F<SUB>O</SUB>$ARLR<SUP>5</SUP>D<SUB>O</SUB> transition. Resultant line-narrowed fluorescence spectra and lifetimes are interpreted in terms of site symmetry, energy transfer, Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ion clustering, and residual hydroxyl groups.
Analysis and Design of a Multi-Step Bias-Flip Rectifier for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (2019)

The full-wave rectifier is the most straightforward way of extracting energy from a piezoelectric source. Unfortunately, the inherent capacitance of the piezoelement significantly limits the efficiency of extraction. The bias-flip rectifier, which aims to mitigate this problem, not only needs a large inductor for efficient operation, but also needs the generation of pulses with a precisely defined ontime. A large inductor increases the overall volume of the system. We present the multi-stage bias-flip rectifier, which is a technique that achieves a high voltage-flip efficiency using a much smaller inductor, and relaxes timing-accuracy requirements. The rectifier, implemented in a 130-nm CMOS process, dissipates about 2 μW and achieves a voltage-flip efficiency of 89.5% while using only a 47 μH inductor.
Characterization and modeling of ultrasonic structural noise in the multiple scattering regime (2013)

Multiple scattering can occur when performing ultrasonic measurements on highly scattering materials such as coarse grain steel or concrete. It constitutes in general a limiting factor for NDE techniques. In this communication, a method to simulate the structural noise due to multiple scattering is described. It requires three parameters: the diffusion constant, the elastic mean free path and the correlation distance. A method to obtain these parameters based on a single measurement procedure is presented. This approach has been applied to samples of coarse grain steel. The backscattered noise has been calculated for different probes and compared to experimental signals.
SuperCam Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Data Processing, Calibration, and First Results (2021)

International audience
Abstract 2038: miR-149* induces apoptosis by inhibiting Akt1 and E2F1 in human cancer cells (2010)

Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in several biological processes, including apoptosis, by negatively regulating the expression of target genes. The molecular mechanisms of the key survival signal, Akt family, have been extensively investigated, but whether is regulated by miRNA remains unknown. In a recent study of neuroblastoma samples, we found the expression of miR-149 to be lower in the high-risk group than the low- and intermediate-risk groups. Upon transfection of Be2C, a neuroblastoma cell line and HeLa cells with miR-149 oligo, no changes in cell growth were observed. On the other hand, ectopic expression of miR-149*, the cognate miRNA of miR-149, inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in these two cancer cell lines. By TargetScan screening, Akt1, the predominant Akt isoform in most tissue, E2F1, and b-Myb were predicted as possible target genes of miR-149*. In Be2C and HeLa cells transfected with miR-149* oligo, reduced expressions of Akt1, E2F1, and b-Myb at protein level were detected by Western blotting, and decreased mRNA levels of Akt1 and E2F1 were also noted by RT-qPCR. Using luciferase reporter assay, the target sites were verified in the 3′UTRs of Akt1 and E2F1, but not in b-Myb, suggesting that Akt1 and E2F1 were the direct target and b-Myb was an indirect target of miR-149*. Silencing of Akt1 or E2F1 expression also led to similar apoptotic changes as miR-149* transfection in these two cell lines, suggesting that the pro-apoptotic effects of miR-149* was exerted at least in part by repressing Akt1 and E2F1 expressions. Importantly, analysis of primary neuroblastoma samples (n=56) revealed a significant inverse correlation of miR-149* with E2F1 expressions (p=0.026). Furthermore in stage1 samples, the mean expression level of miR-149* was significantly higher than in stage 2/3 (p&amp;lt;0.05), and that of E2F1 appeared to be lower. The results provide further support of an important role of miiR-149* in regulation of E2F1, especially in stage1 neuroblastoma tumors. Interestingly, using the reporter assays, excess miR-149 introduced by transfection to simulated its preponderance in the in vivo condition, could not overcome the repressive function of miR-149* on the target genes. This implies that the pro-apoptotic function of miR-149* may not be dampened by its predominant cognate, miR-149, in vivo. Our findings not only provided the first evidence that Akt1 is a direct target of a miRNA but also demonstrated that miR-149* is a pro-apoptotic miRNA by repressing the expression of Akt1 and E2F1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2038.
Over-the-Air Performance Testing of 5G New Radio User Equipment: Standardization and Challenges (2022)

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is accelerating 5G new radio (NR) global standards aimed at significant enhancement of wireless system performance for higher date rate, better energy efficiency, and higher reliability than the current 4G cellular systems. The operators, manufacturers, and test equipment vendors have worked together to develop standardized over-the-air (OTA) test methodologies for the overall performance evaluation of 5G NR devices. 3GPP is taking the lead in standardizing the OTA testing of 5G NR under fading channel conditions. In 3GPP specifications, test methods have been studied to verify the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) performance of 5G NR user equipments (UEs) in OTA mode. This article follows the 3GPP standardization work and discusses the MIMO OTA test methodologies for 5G NR UEs working at frequency range 1 (FR1) and FR2, with a focus on its new challenges and solutions compared to 4G MIMO OTA testing methods. Then the OTA throughput testing results of real 5G NRUEs are demonstrated under the standard channel models. Finally, the challenges and limitations of standard 5G MIMO OTA test solutions are also highlighted.
Focused shock spark discharge drill using multiple electrodes (2023)

A spark discharge focused drill provided with one pulse forming line or a number of pulse forming lines. The pulse forming line is connected to an array of electrodes which would form a spark array. One of the electrodes of each of the array is connected to the high voltage side of the pulse forming line and the other electrodes are at ground potential. When discharged in a liquid, these electrodes produce intense focused shock waves that can pulverize or fracture rock. By delaying the firing of each group of electrodes, the drill can be steered within the earth. Power can be fed to the pulse forming line either downhole or from the surface area. A high voltage source, such as a Marx generator, is suitable for pulse charging the lines.
The impact of comorbidity on outcome in 12 623 Danish Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A population based study from the DAHANCA database (2013)

Comorbidity is common among HNSCC patients and has a negative prognostic impact on overall survival. Cancer specific death was not affected by comorbidity suggesting that patients die from their comorbidities rather than their cancer. In the future, more elderly patients with comorbidity will require treatment which will demand a change in the healthcare system with a multidisciplinary approach required in order to take care of both their cancer and their comorbidities.
Future-proof: preparing young Canadians for the future of work (2021)

There are a number of major trends that have the potential to shape the future of work, from climate change and resource scarcity to demographic shifts resulting from an aging population and immigration. This report focuses on the need to prepare Canada’s youth for a future where a great number of jobs will be rapidly created, altered or made obsolete by technology. Successive waves of technological advancements have rocked global economies for centuries, reconfiguring the labour force and giving rise to new economic opportunities with each wave. Modern advances, including artificial intelligence and robotics, once again have the potential to transform the economy, perhaps more rapidly and more dramatically than ever before. As past pillars of Canada’s economic growth become less reliable, harnessing technology and innovation will become increasingly important in driving productivity and growth.
Application of Duality-Based Equivalent Circuits for Modeling Multilimb Transformers Using Alternative Input Parameters (2020)

The principle of duality is applied for electromagnetic transient (EMT) modeling of industry scale (i.e. 50, 390 MVA) multilimb transformers. While saturation, hysteresis, deep-saturation, and remanent flux are accounted for, the need for transformer internal design information such as core dimension or material is eliminated. This is achieved by formulating the equivalent circuits with an alternative set of parameters that are either provided by the manufacturer or can be determined using conventional techniques. Open-circuit tests confirm that the models produce accurate excitation currents at different saturation levels when compared with measurement results. Furthermore, the models facilitate correct short-circuit condition with support for arbitrary number of windings. Upon validating the models, inrush current is simulated and the worst-case scenario is determined due to potential remanent flux values. The findings agree with an established EMT simulation model as well as manufacturer analytical approximations. Simulated hysteresis loops are also investigated.
Clay minerals damage quantification in sandstone rocks using core flooding and NMR (2018)

Sandstone oil reservoirs consist of different clay minerals such as kaolinite, illite, and chlorite. These clay minerals highly affect the formation damage during enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and well stimulation operations in these reservoirs. No attention was paid to investigate the effect of these clay minerals on the formation damage during different reservoir processes. In addition, no solution was introduced to mitigate the effect of clay minerals on the formation damage in sandstone reservoirs. In this study, the effect of clay mineral contents and type on the formation damage was studied in detail by injecting water and HCl as damaging fluids. Bandera grey, Berea, and Bandera brown sandstone rocks with various clay mineral contents were studied. XRD was used to characterize the sandstone rocks to determine the clay type and content in each rock. Two core plugs from each rock were selected for HCl and water injection. Core flooding experiments were performed to measure the initial and final permeability. In the core flooding experiments, fluids were injected into the cores at 25 °C and at a backpressure of 1000 psi. SEM was carried out before and after flooding for the tested rocks to locate the change in the clay distribution inside the rocks. The NMR analysis of core samples was done before and after flooding with the damaging fluid to quantify the formation damage and to find the possible damaging mechanism. NMR was used to locate the damage inside the rock due to the migration of clay minerals. Based on the core flooding, SEM, and NMR analysis, the maximum damage by the fresh water took place in Berea sandstone core due to fine migration and clay swelling. The illite clay mineral and chlorite can cause the formation damage on HCl injection. Illite can break down and migrates in the cores during the acid injection. In sandstone acidizing, chlorite clay mineral caused iron hydroxide precipitation inside the cores during treatment with mud acid. NMR showed that clay minerals plugged the pore throats of the rocks and reduced the rock permeability during the injection of fresh water.
InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode with a polarization tunnel junction (2013)

We report InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LED) comprising in situ integrated p+-GaN/InGaN/n+-GaN polarization tunnel junctions. Improved current spreading and carrier tunneling probability were obtained in the proposed device architecture, leading to the enhanced optical output power and external quantum efficiency. Compared to the reference InGaN/GaN LEDs using the conventional p+/n+ tunnel junction, these devices having the polarization tunnel junction show a reduced forward bias, which is attributed to the polarization induced electric fields resulting from the in-plane biaxial compressive strain in the thin InGaN layer sandwiched between the p+-GaN and n+-GaN layers.
Colloidal infrared reflective and transparent conductive aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals (2012)

The present invention provides a method of prepg. Al-doped Zn oxide (AZO) nanocrystals. In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes (1) injecting a precursor mixt. of a Zn precursor, an Al precursor, an amine, and a fatty acid in a soln. of a vicinal diol in a noncoordinating solvent, thereby resulting in a reaction mixt., (2) pptg. the nanocrystals from the reaction mixt., thereby resulting in a final ppt., and (3) dissolving the final ppt. in an apolar solvent. The present invention also provides a dispersion. In an exemplary embodiment, the dispersion includes (1) nanocrystals that are well sepd. from each other, where the nanocrystals are coated with surfactants and (2) an apolar solvent where the nanocrystals are suspended in the apolar solvent. The present invention also provides a film. In an exemplary embodiment, the film includes (1) a substrate and (2) nanocrystals that are evenly distributed on the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and Lactones with Selenium Dioxide to γ‐Oxo‐ or γ‐Hydroxy Derivatives. (1986)

Abstract Die ogß‐ungesättigten Ester (II) werden durch Selendioxid in wasserfreiem Dioxan zu den ungesättigten Ketoestern (III) oxidiert, während in wasserhaltigem Dioxan i die ungesättigten Hydroxyester (I) gebildet werden.
ATM transport node for flexible and robust access networks (2002)

This paper describes an architecture and functions required for integrated access networks for a future multi-service telecommunication environment. A multi-service access network can be configured over a physical ATM/SDH ring-star network applying the virtual path layering as a logical networking technology. Service specific path management and fault tolerant networking technologies, such as the automatic protection switching and the traffic management are described with hardware implementation examples. An ATM add-drop-multiplexer for 2.4-Gbps transmission link and an ATM access multiplexer with 24 156-Mbps interfaces are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed integrated access networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stability of XGCGCp, GCGCYp, and XGCGCYp helixes: an empirical estimate of the energetics of hydrogen bonds in nucleic acids (1986)

The stabilizing effects of dangling ends and terminal base pairs on the core helix GCGC are reported. Enthalpy and entropy changes of helix formation were measured spectrophotometrically for AGCGCU, UGCGCA, GGCGCCp, CGCGCGp, and the corresponding pentamers XGCGCp and GCGCYp containing the GCGC core plus a dangling end. Each 5' dangling end increases helix stability at 37 degrees C roughly 0.2 kcal/mol and each 3' end from 0.8 to 1.7 kcal/mol. The free energy increments for dangling ends on GCGC are similar to the corresponding increments reported for the GGCC core [Freier, S. M., Alkema, D., Sinclair, A., Neilson, T., & Turner, D. H. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 4533-4539], indicating a nearest-neighbor model is adequate for prediction of stabilization due to dangling ends. Nearest-neighbor parameters for prediction of the free energy effects of adding dangling ends and terminal base pairs next to G.C pairs are presented. Comparison of these free energy changes is used to partition the free energy of base pair formation into contributions of "stacking" and "pairing". If pairing contributions are due to hydrogen bonding, the results suggest stacking and hydrogen bonding make roughly comparable favorable contributions to the stability of a terminal base pair. The free energy increment associated with forming a hydrogen bond is estimated to be -1 kcal/mol of hydrogen bond.
AR-ia: Volumetric Opera for Mobile Augmented Reality (2019)

Motivated by recent availability of augmented and virtual reality platforms, we tackle the challenging problem of immersive storytelling experiences on mobile devices. In particular, we show an end-to-end system to generate 3D assets that enable real-time rendering of an opera on high end mobile phones. We call our system AR-ia and in this paper we walk through the main components and technical challenges of such a system, showing how to deliver an immersive mixed reality experience in every user’s living room.
Selective 17‐β‐estradiol molecular imprinting (2009)

Abstract An efficient novel method for the synthesis of a covalent molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) highly specific to β‐estradiol have been developed. MIP prepared by both covalent and non covalent techniques, demonstrated high selectivity toward β‐estradiol. MIPs were synthesized by radical polymerization of 17‐β‐estradiol 4‐vinyl‐benzene carboxyl or sulfonyl esters used as covalent functional monomers, methacrylic acid as noncovalent functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinking agent, and acetonitrile as swelling and porogenic component. Almost 35% (w/w) of 17‐β‐estradiol was successfully removed from the polymer network by basic hydrolysis. The binding ability of MIP was 10.73 μg/mg MIP following removal of 17‐β‐estradiol in the 2 mg/mL β‐estradiol solution. Selective rebinding of β‐estradiol toward MIP was tested in the presence of competitive binders including estrone, 19‐nortestosterone, epiandrosterone, and cholesterol. Estrone having closest similar chemical structure to β‐estradiol exhibited only 0.6 μg/mg MIP competitive binding, being exposed to equivalent concentrations. Moreover, other competitive steroids demonstrated negligible affinity toward MIP indicating high selectivity of novel MIP system toward β‐estradiol. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5534–5542, 2009
Bovine polymorphonuclear cells passively acquire membrane lipids and integral membrane proteins from apoptotic and necrotic cells (2006)

Immune cells can acquire membrane fragments and integral membrane proteins from dead and dying cells or in the case of immature dendritic cells, from live cells. While investigating the possibility that bovine polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) might present antigen, coculture assays confirmed that integral membrane proteins were transferred rapidly and efficiently to bovine PMNs from a variety of apoptotic and necrotic cells. Specifically, we observed that PMNs rapidly acquired proteins such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD3 from a variety of syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic cell types. Such acquisition occurred within 40 min of PMN coculture with isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and this acquisition occurred with equal efficiency at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The transfer of murine MHC class II to bovine PMNs precluded the possibility of endogenous protein expression. We also demonstrated the transfer of fluorescently labeled plasma membrane lipids and biotinylated integral membrane proteins. Collectively, these observations support the hypothesis that membrane protein transfer was mediated by the fusion of membrane fragments or microvesicles with the PMN plasma membrane and not by phagocytosis of cell fragments. These observations indicate that phenotypic studies of PMNs must consider circumstances whereby PMNs may passively acquire membrane lipids and a variety of integral membrane proteins from dead or dying cells.
Performing Encapsulation of dsDNA and a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) inside Nanocontainers Using the Inverse Miniemulsion Process (2012)

We report the encapsulation of dsDNA molecules with a defined number of base pairs (476 bp and 790 bp) and their subsequent amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inside nanosized polymeric capsules/droplets. In the first set of experiments, the dsDNA template and PCR reagents were encapsulated in crosslinked potato starch using the inverse (water-in-oil) miniemulsion technique. After redispersion of the capsules in a water-surfactant mixture, PCR was performed inside the crosslinked starch nanocapsules. In the second set of experiments, the PCR was performed inside the aqueous nanodroplets before capsule formation, and then each miniemulsion droplet was covered with a polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) shell which was formed through anionic polymerization directly at the droplet interface. The PCR efficiency was quantitatively evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, using a DNA-specific dye called SYBR® Green which intercalates between the base pairs of the dsDNA.
(1R,2S)-BenzylN-[3-(diisopropylaminocarbonyl)-2-phenylprop-3-enyl]carbamate (2006)

The title compound, C(25)H(32)N(2)O(3), was synthesized as part of a series of related compounds using a modified Eschenmoser-Claisen rearrangement reaction. The compound is racemic and the structure features a centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimerization along with some aromatic stacking stabilization.