gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ml=1 photoionization spectrum of hydrogen in strong dc electric fields (1987)

We present experimental and theoretical studies of the ${m}_{l}$=1 photoionization channel of H(n=2,${m}_{l}$=0) blue and red parabolic states in strong external electric fields in the energy region between the classical ionization threshold at E=-2 \ensuremath{\surd}F and the isolated-atom photoionization threshold at E=0. Our results indicate that the ionization from the rapidly ionizing channels is concentrated away from but between the two thresholds. We also find that the fractions of the nuclear charge ${Z}_{1}$=0, (1/2, and 1 define two regions that classify the properties of the states. These results are in contrast to our previous results for the ${m}_{l}$=0 channels where the ionization is concentrated at the two thresholds and the fractions ${Z}_{1}$=0, (1/4, (1/2, (3/4, and 1 define four quarters that classify the properties of these channels.
A comparative assessment of malware classification using binary texture analysis and dynamic analysis (2011)

AI techniques play an important role in automated malware classification. Several machine-learning methods have been applied to classify or cluster malware into families, based on different features derived from dynamic review of the malware. While these approaches demonstrate promise, they are themselves subject to a growing array of counter measures that increase the cost of capturing these binary features. Further, feature extraction requires a time investment per binary that does not scale well to the daily volume of binary instances being reported by those who diligently collect malware. Recently, a new type of feature extraction, used by a classification approach called binary-texture analysis, was introduced in [16]. We compare this approach to existing malware classification approaches previously published. We find that, while binary texture analysis is capable of providing comparable classification accuracy to that of contemporary dynamic techniques, it can deliver these results 4000 times faster than dynamic techniques. Also surprisingly, the texture-based approach seems resilient to contemporary packing strategies, and can robustly classify a large corpus of malware with both packed and unpacked samples. We present our experimental results from three independent malware corpora, comprised of over 100 thousand malware samples. These results suggest that binary-texture analysis could be a useful and efficient complement to dynamic analysis.
On-line monitoring of process/system (2023)

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to an on-line monitoring of a process/system by controlling rate of oxidation of metal ions at an anode in an anode electrolyte of an electrochemical process and controlling rate of reduction of the metal ions in a catalysis process to achieve steady state.
A cytochrome c biogenesis gene involved in pyoverdine production in Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 (1996)

Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 produces pyoverdine under iron-limiting conditions. A Tn5 mutant, 2G11, produced lower amounts of different pyoverdine forms and was unable to grow under iron limitation caused by ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) or zinc. This mutant was complemented by a 9.6 kb HindIII-BamHI DNA fragment that contained eight contiguous open reading frames (ORFs cytA to cytH). The proteins possibly encoded by this polycistronic gene cluster were all similar to the products of cytochrome c biogenesis genes from, amongst others, Rhodobacter capsulatus and Bradyrhizobium japonicum, not only in terms of amino acid sequence, but also in the overall hydropathy index of these proteins. By TnphoA mutagenesis and site-specific gene replacement it was found that the first three ORFs (cytA to cytC) were essential for cytochrome c production while only the product of cytA was needed for normal pyoverdine production. The presence of a putative haem-binding site in the CytA protein (WGSWWVWD) was confirmed. From analysis of a constructed phoA fusion, a periplasmic location was found for this motif. The ability of the cytA gene to restore both cytochrome c and pyoverdine production suggests the involvement of this particular gene both in haem and in pyoverdine transport in P. fluorescens.
The impact of 10 years of war on combat casualty care research (2012)

Orman, Jean A. ScD, MPH; Eastridge, Brian J. MD; Baer, David G. PhD; Gerhardt, Robert T. MD, MPH; Rasmussen, Todd E. MD; Blackbourne, Lorne H. MD Author Information
Experimental pig-to-pig transmission dynamics for African swine fever virus, Georgia 2007/1 strain (2015)

African swine fever virus (ASFV) continues to cause outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boar in Eastern European countries. To gain insights into its transmission dynamics, we estimated the pig-to-pig basic reproduction number (R 0) for the Georgia 2007/1 ASFV strain using a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model with parameters estimated from transmission experiments. Models showed that R 0 is 2·8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·3-4·8] within a pen and 1·4 (95% CI 0·6-2·4) between pens. The results furthermore suggest that ASFV genome detection in oronasal samples is an effective diagnostic tool for early detection of infection. This study provides quantitative information on transmission parameters for ASFV in domestic pigs, which are required to more effectively assess the potential impact of strategies for the control of between-farm epidemic spread in European countries.
Flux Density and Air Gap Effects on Rotor Power Loss Measurements in Planar Radial Magnetic Bearings (1997)

The rotor power losses in magnetic bearings are due to eddy currents, hysteresis, and windage. The influence of air gap magnetic flux density and air gap thickness is not well understood at this time. This paper presents measured results in two magnetic bearing radial configurations with a laminated rotor. The rotor power losses were evaluated by measuring the rundown speed of the rotor, in air, after the rotor was spun up to speeds of approximately 30,000 rpm in atmospheric air. The kinetic energy of the rotor is converted to heat by magnetic and air drag power loss mechanisms during the run down. A method of separating the hysteresis, eddy current and windage losses is presented. Eddy current effects were found to be the most important loss mechanism in the data analysis. Hysteresis and windage effects did not change much from one configuration to the other. The measured rotor power loss increased significantly as the magnetic flux density increased and also increased significantly as the air gap thickness decreased.
Optimization of Surface-Enhanced Luminescence for Bioassays (2008)

We are developing silver nanoparticle surface-enhanced lanthanide chelate luminescence as a proximity bioassay. We have studied different organic linkers and preparation procedures to attach covalently fluorescence dyes and lanthanide chelates to the nanoparticles.
Networking in the Hemostatic System (1997)

Prothrombin activation is a pivotal event in thrombosis and hemostasis because thrombin can mediate fibrin formation and can activate and aggregate platelets. Platelet aggregation depends upon the binding of adhesive proteins to integrin alphaIIbbeta3 on the platelet surface. In the present study, a novel interface between the blood coagulation system and platelets is demonstrated by showing that 1) prothrombin binds to alphaIIbbeta3 and 2) this interaction accelerates prothrombin activation. Prothrombin bound to purified alphaIIbbeta3 in a specific, saturable, and divalent cation-dependent manner. This interaction was inhibited by certain monoclonal antibodies to alphaIIbbeta3, by the alphaIIbbeta3 ligands fibrinogen and RGD peptides, but not by thrombin or unrelated proteins. Prothrombin also interacted with alphaIIbbeta3 on resting and stimulated platelets as demonstrated by soluble ligand binding and platelet adhesion assays. Activation of prothrombin by Factor Xa alone or Factor Xa-Va was accelerated by alphaIIbbeta3, and this enhancement was blocked by a monoclonal antibody that inhibited prothrombin binding to the receptor. Taken together, these data identify a previously unrecognized linkage between platelets and the blood coagulation system that may have a significant regulatory consequence.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Integrating RAS Status into Prognostic Signatures for Adenocarcinomas of the Lung (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. A-F, Contingency tables of predicted RAS pathway activation status vs. reported RAS mutation status in the training data (A,D: Botling dataset) and the validation data (B,E: Bild dataset, C,F: Fouret dataset) considering all genes (n = 19,070) or the selected subset (n = 4,858). G, Permutation study: random gene sets were used to build a Random Forest and classification accuracy was assessed using the OOB error rate (dashed line indicates performance of RAS status classifier).&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of measured and calculated epicardial potential during transthoracic stimulation (1988)

The authors develop a physiologically realistic volume conductor model for calculating epicardial potentials during transthoracic stimulation to measure cardiac potentials during a transthoracic stimulus, and compare the measurements to calculated epicardial potentials obtained from the model. Potential measurements during a stimulus are recorded for three closed chest dogs. Four different torso electrode combinations (anterior-posterior, neck-waist, precordial and right-left lateral) are used to deliver the stimulus. A boundary integral model is developed which utilizes electrode, heart, and torso geometry, the surface geometry from lung and skeletal muscle interfaces, and internal inhomogeneity conductivities to compute epicardial potentials from a knowledge of stimulus strength and location.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thickness analysis and reconstruction of trabecular bone and bone substitute microstructure based on fuzzy distance map using both ridge and thinning skeletonization (2009)

The accurate geometric analysis of microstructured biological porous media is crucial for an understanding of the geometric changes that result from diseases such as osteoporosis and for the design of bone substitutes for the treatment of cancer patients. This paper presents a methodological development designed to improve the description of the average pore size and thickness of a micro structure's biological media. Specifically, the paper introduces a new skeletonization method based on a ridge skeleton combined with fuzzy distance transform (FDT), which has recently been used in the literature and has shown some advantages compared to the traditional distance transform. The new skeletonization method is applied to trabecular bone excised from healthy and osteoporotic vertebrae, as well as to bone substitutes with small and large pores. These samples are scanned by a micro-computed tomography scanner. The new skeletonization method has been implemented successfully, and an exact algorithm for implementation and reconstruction has been developed. The results show that, compared to widely used thinning methods, the new FDT ridge skeleton generates measurements that are more representative of the microstructure of the examined media. It is concluded that the new method can find the ridges of the FDT and produce topologically accurate skeletons, leading to accurate measurement and reconstruction of the microstructured porous media.
MARL-based Optimal Route Control in Multi-AGV Warehouses (2022)

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are an essential component for automation fulfillment centers, a kind of warehouse. Efficient control of the AGV leads to easier management of inventory in the fulfillment center. To increase the productivity of various warehouses including fulfillment centers, we propose a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL)-based algorithm for cooperative control of AGVs. The proposed algorithm is based on a popular cooperative MARL algorithm, and utilizes an additional technique for path control of AGVs to distinguish the sacrifices of each agent and compensate them accordingly. We evaluate the proposed algorithm in comparison with a basic MARL algorithm on two fulfillment center layouts and provide further insight via the visualization of the results.
A Framework for Knowledge Based Process Control (1989)

Numerical control algorithms have a firm theoretical basis and a small class of algorithms typified by the three term controller is well accepted in the process industry. The basis for continuing to apply such algorithms is that in a well tuned form they often exercise excellent control and are robust in the face of certain changes in the process. In this context, the role of knowledge based control is in the supervision of closed loop controllers based on traditional algorithms.
The Borohydride Oxidation Reaction on La–Ni‐Based Hydrogen‐Storage Alloys (2014)

This work provides insights into the processes involved in the borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) in alkaline media on metal hydride alloys formed by LaNi(4.7)Sn(0.2)Cu(0.1) and LaNi(4.78)Al(0.22) with and without deposited Pt, Pd, and Au. The results confirm the occurrence of hydrolysis of the borohydride ions when the materials are exposed to BH(4)(-) and a continuous hydriding of the alloys during BH(4)(-) oxidation measurements at low current densities. The activity for the direct BOR is low in both bare metal hydride alloys, but the rate of the BH(4)(-) hydrolysis and the hydrogen-storage capacity are higher, while the rate of H diffusion is slower for bare LaNi(4.78) Al(0.22). The addition of Pt and Pd to both alloys results in an increase of the BH(4)(-) hydrolysis, but the H(2) formed is rapidly oxidized at the Pt-modified catalysts. In the case of Au modification, a small increase in the BH(4)(-) hydrolysis is observed as compared to the bare alloys. The presence of Au and Pd also leads to a reduction of the rates of alloy hydriding/de-hydriding.
Polarization analysis of retroreflection from commercial off the shelf (COTS) sensors (2017)

Previous work involved detection of retroreflected signals, focusing on polarization as a discriminator. We continue to explore the formalisms of the Stokes vector and Mueller matrix for characterization of retroreflection for common sensors such as commercial cameras. The Mueller matrix data is collected via a commercial (Scatterworks, Inc.) Complete Angle Scatter Instrument (CASI) scatterometer.
A minimal non-radiative recombination loss for efficient non-fullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells with a low energy loss of 0.54 eV and high open-circuit voltage of 1.15 V (2018)

A minimal non-radiative recombination energy loss of 0.21 eV is achieved for non-fullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells.
A Chemoenzymatic Approach for the Synthesis of Unnatural Disaccharides Containing D‐Galacto‐ or D‐Fucofuranosides (2005)

Abstract Unusual diglycosides composed of D ‐hexofuranosyl entities were prepared by a chemoenzymatic route using the α‐ L ‐arabinofuranosidase, AbfD3. The required, unprotected monosaccharidic donors were first prepared according to multi‐step syntheses. Since one goal of this study was the investigation of donor –1 subsite in the active site of the enzyme, we focused on D ‐fucofuranosyl and 6‐deoxy‐6‐fluoro‐ D ‐galactofuranosyl derivatives which present stereochemical similarities with L ‐arabinose series, but also structural variations on the side arm. These substrates were then used in AbfD3‐catalysed hydrolyses to determine the parameters K m and k cat and in AbfD3‐catalysed transglycosylation to evaluate their ability to serve as donor/acceptor. Four disaccharides were thus isolated and characterised, two resulting from β‐(1,2) connection along with two β‐(1,3)‐regioisomers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Manipulators with flexible links: A simple model and experiments (1989)

A simple dynamic model proposed for flexible links is briefly reviewed and experimental control results are presented for different flexible systems. A simple dynamic model is useful for rapid prototyping of manipulators and their control systems, for possible application to manipulator design decisions, and for real time computation as might be applied in model based or feedforward control. Such a model is proposed, with the further advantage that clear physical arguments and explanations can be associated with its simplifying features and with its resulting analytical properties. The model is mathematically equivalent to Rayleigh's method. Taking the example of planar bending, the approach originates in its choice of two amplitude variables, typically chosen as the link end rotations referenced to the chord (or the tangent) motion of the link. This particular choice is key in establishing the advantageous features of the model, and it was used to support the series of experiments reported.
Quality control despite mistranslation caused by an ambiguous genetic code (2008)

A high level of accuracy during protein synthesis is considered essential for life. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) translate the genetic code by ensuring the correct pairing of amino acids with their cognate tRNAs. Because some aaRSs also produce misacylated aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) in vivo, we addressed the question of protein quality within the context of missense suppression by Cys-tRNA(Pro), Ser-tRNA(Thr), Glu-tRNA(Gln), and Asp-tRNA(Asn). Suppression of an active-site missense mutation leads to a mixture of inactive mutant protein (from translation with correctly acylated aa-tRNA) and active enzyme indistinguishable from the wild-type protein (from translation with misacylated aa-tRNA). Here, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that under selective pressure, Escherichia coli not only tolerates the presence of misacylated aa-tRNA, but can even require it for growth. Furthermore, by using mass spectrometry of a reporter protein not subject to selection, we show that E. coli can survive the ambiguous genetic code imposed by misacylated aa-tRNA tolerating up to 10% of mismade protein. The editing function of aaRSs to hydrolyze misacylated aa-tRNA is not essential for survival, and the EF-Tu barrier against misacylated aa-tRNA is not absolute. Rather, E. coli copes with mistranslation by triggering the heat shock response that stimulates nonoptimized polypeptides to achieve a native conformation or to be degraded. In this way, E. coli ensures the presence of sufficient functional protein albeit at a considerable energetic cost.
High sensitivity FBG sensor made in bismuth oxide fibre with ultrafast radiation (2009)

A Bragg grating-based temperature sensor is fabricated in bismuth oxide fibre with femtosecond pulse duration, 800 nm radiation and a phase mask. The Bragg grating resonance of the sensor possesses a wavelength sensitivity to temperature that is three to four times larger than similar devices made in silica fibre. Spectral, thermal and stress characteristics of the Bragg grating sensor are also presented.
Auditory signal processing as a basis for speaker recognition (2004)

We exploit models of auditory signal processing at different levels along the auditory pathway for use in speaker recognition. A low-level nonlinear model, at the cochlea, provides accentuated signal dynamics, while a high-level model, at the inferior colliculus, provides frequency analysis of modulation components that reveals an additional temporal structure. A variety of features are derived from the low-level dynamic and high-level modulation signals. Fusion of likelihood scores from feature sets at different auditory levels with scores from standard Mel-cepstral features provides an encouraging speaker recognition performance gain over use of the Mel-cepstrum alone with corpora from land-line and cellular telephone communications.
An Antibody with a Variable‐Region Coiled‐Coil “Knob” Domain (2013)

Abstract The X‐ray crystal structure of a bovine antibody (BLV1H12) revealed a unique structure in its ultralong heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3H) that folds into a solvent‐exposed β‐strand “stalk” fused to a disulfide crosslinked “knob” domain. We have substituted an antiparallel heterodimeric coiled‐coil motif for the β‐strand stalk in this antibody. The resulting antibody (Ab‐coil) expresses in mammalian cells and has a stability similar to that of the parent bovine antibody. MS analysis of H–D exchange supports the coiled‐coil structure of the substituted peptides. Substitution of the knob‐domain of Ab‐coil with bovine granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (bGCSF) results in a stably expressed chimeric antibody, which proliferates mouse NFS‐60 cells with a potency comparable to that of bGCSF. This work demonstrates the utility of this novel coiled‐coil CDR3 motif as a means for generating stable, potent antibody fusion proteins with useful pharmacological properties.
Miscibility predictions for poly(phenylene sulfide): Heats of mixing of model compounds (1994)

Abstract Calorimetry was used to gain insight into the thermodynamics of mixing of unlike species, designed to represent organic polymers. These results are to be useful in predicting miscibility between various polymers and poly(arylene sulfides). Phenyl sulfide (PS) and phenyl disulfide (PSS) were used as models for poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and were mixed with model compounds that are representative of other polymer classes. The enthalpy of mixing was measured for a large number of combinations. The results are interpreted in terms of a summation of the effects of specific interactions and dispersive forces. It is seen from these data that the presence of aromatic side groups enhances the miscibility of the species with the poly(phenylene sulfide) model compound. Furthermore, exothermic heats of mixing were observed between the PPS model and compound. Furthermore, exothermic heats of mixing were observed between the PPS model and compounds that contain carbonyl, amide, or amine moieties. Finally, the sulfur atom in PPS seems to play only a minor role in determining its interactions with other species. Replacing sulfur with oxygen (or even an alkyl group) is seen to have very little effect on the heats of mixing results. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.