gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introspection of a Java™ virtual machine under simulation (2006)

Virtual machines are commonly used in commercially-significant systems, for example, Sun Microsystems ’ Java and Microsoft’s.NET. The virtual machine offers many advantages to the system designer and administrator, but complicates the task of workload characterization: it presents an extra abstraction layer between the application and observed hardware effects. Understanding the behavior of the virtual machine is therefore important for all levels of the system architecture. We have constructed a tool which examines the state of a Sun Java HotSpot ™ virtual machine running inside Virtutech’s Simics execution-driven simulator. We can obtain detailed information about the virtual machine and application without disturbing the state of the simulation. For data, we can answer such questions as: Is a given address in the heap? If so, in which object? Of what class? For code, we can map program counter values back to Java methods and approximate Java source line information. Our tool allows us to relate individual events in the simulation, for example, a cache miss, to the higher-level behavior of the application and virtual machine. In this report, we present the design of our tool, including its capabilities and limitations, and demonstrate its application on the simulation’s cache contents and cache misses.
Studies toward the Total Synthesis of Mumbaistatin, a Highly Potent Glucose-6-phosphate Translocase Inhibitor. Synthesis of a Mumbaistatin Analogue (2002)

A strategy for the total synthesis of the highly potent glucose-6-phosphate translocase inhibitor mumbaistatin (1) and structural analogues was elaborated. Such compounds represent a lead structure in the development of potential new drugs for the treatment of diabetes. To evaluate the general strategy, the close mumbaistatin analogue 10 was synthesized in a convergent manner. The anthraquinone building block 20 was efficiently prepared via aryne/phthalide annulation. After conversion of 20 into the corresponding 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-1-carbaldehyde derivative (13), coupling with a lithiated arene (12) and subsequent multiple oxidation under Jones conditions yielded the mumbaistatin analogue 10. The preparation of the functionalized arene intermediates was achieved exploiting highly regioselective bromination and ortho-lithiation reactions.
Ultrathin SrTiO3 films prepared by chemical vapor deposition on Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrates (1995)

The SrTiO3 ultrathin film capacitors were realized on Nb-doped single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The leakage current density of 10.4 nm thick SrTiO3 thin-film capacitor was below 1×10−8 A/cm2 in the applied voltage range of −1.8 to +0.45 V, and its SiO2 equivalent thickness was 0.48 nm. The relative dielectric constant was over 160 for SrTiO3 thickness above 20 nm, but it decreased for SrTiO3 thickness below 20 nm. Dependence of leakage current on SrTiO3 film thickness was slight. These results could be explained by the existence of applied electric field concentration near the SrTiO3/electrode interface.
Triply N‐Confused Hexaphyrins: Near‐Infrared Luminescent Dyes with a Triangular Shape (2009)

In Form kommen: Dreifach N-invertierte Meso-Pentafluorphenylhexaphyrine wurden als freie Basen und in oxidierter Form hergestellt. Sie sind von dreieckiger Gestalt und zeigen eine effiziente Emission im NIR-Bereich (siehe Bild). Die dreieckige Form resultiert aus dem abwechselnden Vorliegen invertierter und normaler Pyrrolringe und ist gemäß DFT-Rechnungen stabiler als eine rechteckige. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An atomistically informed mesoscale model for growth and coarsening during discharge in lithium-oxygen batteries (2015)

An atomistically informed mesoscale model is developed for the deposition of a discharge product in a Li-O2 battery. This mescocale model includes particle growth and coarsening as well as a simplified nucleation model. The model involves LiO2 formation through reaction of O2(-) and Li(+) in the electrolyte, which deposits on the cathode surface when the LiO2 concentration reaches supersaturation in the electrolyte. A reaction-diffusion (rate-equation) model is used to describe the processes occurring in the electrolyte and a phase-field model is used to capture microstructural evolution. This model predicts that coarsening, in which large particles grow and small ones disappear, has a substantial effect on the size distribution of the LiO2 particles during the discharge process. The size evolution during discharge is the result of the interplay between this coarsening process and particle growth. The growth through continued deposition of LiO2 has the effect of causing large particles to grow ever faster while delaying the dissolution of small particles. The predicted size evolution is consistent with experimental results for a previously reported cathode material based on activated carbon during discharge and when it is at rest, although kinetic factors need to be included. The approach described in this paper synergistically combines models on different length scales with experimental observations and should have applications in studying other related discharge processes, such as Li2O2 deposition, in Li-O2 batteries and nucleation and growth in Li-S batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Complexes of Superstructured Cyclidene Macrobicycles: Structural Features and Their Chemical Consequences. Part 3. Cyclidenes with Long Polymethylene Bridges. (1990)

Abstract The lacunar cyclidene complexes (Ia) and (Ib) (preparations described, yield 36%) crystallize in P1 with Z=2 and P2 1 2 1 2 1 with Z=4, respectively.
Emission spectrum of partial discharge light in SF/sub 6/ gas (2003)

The authors present the emission spectra of four types of partial discharges. The purpose was to develop a partial discharge (PD) light detector. PDs in SF/sub 6/ gas-insulated systems (GIS) often indicate a fault in the electrical insulation. Four cases of PD in SF/sub 6/ gas were measured using a needle point discharge, a floating-electrode discharge, and a metallic-particle discharge, which are likely to occur inside a GIS. Spectral measurements have also made of spark discharge caused by glass discharge tubes. The results indicated by the different spectral patterns are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
GLASS: Global to Local Attention for Scene-Text Spotting (2022)

In recent years, the dominant paradigm for text spotting is to combine the tasks of text detection and recognition into a single end-to-end framework. Under this paradigm, both tasks are accomplished by operating over a shared global feature map extracted from the input image. Among the main challenges that end-to-end approaches face is the performance degradation when recognizing text across scale variations (smaller or larger text), and arbitrary word rotation angles. In this work, we address these challenges by proposing a novel global-to-local attention mechanism for text spotting, termed GLASS, that fuses together global and local features. The global features are extracted from the shared backbone, preserving contextual information from the entire image, while the local features are computed individually on resized, high-resolution rotated word crops. The information extracted from the local crops alleviates much of the inherent difficulties with scale and word rotation. We show a performance analysis across scales and angles, highlighting improvement over scale and angle extremities. In addition, we introduce an orientation-aware loss term supervising the detection task, and show its contribution to both detection and recognition performance across all angles. Finally, we show that GLASS is general by incorporating it into other leading text spotting architectures, improving their text spotting performance. Our method achieves state-of-the-art results on multiple benchmarks, including the newly released TextOCR.
Clinical investigation of a cytostatic calcium influx inhibitor in patients with refractory cancers. (1996)

Carboxyamido-triazole (CAI) is a synthetic inhibitor of non-excitable calcium channels that reversibly inhibits angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and metastatic potential. Inhibition of calcium influx and calcium-dependent events is a potential common mechanism underlying these effects of CAI. The cytostatic and antiangiogenic properties of CAI led to its development for clinical investigation. In a Phase I clinical trial open to patients with refractory solid tumors, 49 patients received p.o. administered CAI daily or every other day. Two oral formulations, PEG-400 CAI solution and a gelatin capsule containing CAI in PEG-400, were tested. All administered dosages of CAI yielded plasma concentration at or above the range demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting signaling and cancer progression in vitro and in preclinical models (1 microgram/ml, 2.3 microM). Toxicity of p.o. administered CAI most commonly consisted of dose-related grade 1-2 nausea, vomiting, and occasional anorexia. CAI administration at bedtime ameliorated gastrointestinal complaints in many patients; others required addition of simple antiemetic regimens, usually consisting of metoclopropamide or prochlorperazine. Gastrointestinal complaints were the cause for compliance-limiting toxicity at 175 mg/m2/day of the liquid formulation and 125 mg/m2/day of the gelatin capsule formation. Reversible and rare sensory axonal neuropathy (grade 3, 1 patient) and neutropenia (grade 4, 1 patient) were dose-limiting toxicities observed at the 330 mg/m2 every-other-day liquid CAI dose level. No evidence of cumulative end organ damage or central nervous system injury was observed. Disease stabilization and improvement in performance status was observed. Disease stabilization and improvement in performance status was observed in 49% of evaluable patients who had disease progression before CAI. Disease stabilization and associated improvement in performance status was seen in patients with renal cell carcinoma (7 months), pancreaticobiliary carcinomas (3, 5, and 5 months), melanoma (7 months), ovarian cancer (7 months), and non-small cell lung cancer (3 months). The recommended Phase II doses from this trial are 150 mg/m2/day in the liquid formation and 100 mg/m2/day in the gelatin capsule formation.
Acceleration of Healing of Gastric Ulcers Induced in Rats by Liquid Diet: Importance of Tissue Contraction (1994)

We examined the effect of a liquid diet or a combined diet of liquid plus cellulose on the healing of gastric ulcers induced in rats in comparison with that of solid chow. Ulcers were induced in the fundus of the stomach by luminal application of an acetic acid solution. The healing of ulcers could be divided into two phases based on the healing rate: early phase (days 1 to 10) and late phase (days 10 to 20). The liquid diet, but not the combined one, administered for 10 days significantly accelerated ulcer healing in both the early and late phases. The length of the ruptured muscularis mucosa decreased only in the liquid diet group in both phases. Regeneration of the ulcerated mucosa in the chow diet group was observed only in the late phase, it being markedly inhibited in the liquid diet group. The serum gastrin level significantly decreased in the liquid and combined diet groups in contrast to that in the chow group. The liquid and combined diets significantly reduced gastric mucosal DNA synthesis. We conclude that 1) the healing in this gastric ulcer model comprises two phases, and 2) tissue contraction is a major factor for the healing of gastric ulcers in the early phase, while both tissue contraction and regeneration of the ulcerated mucosa are involved in the healing in the late phase.
Deriving sound inference rules for concept diagrams (2011)

The process of designing and modelling an ontology can be difficult, especially if the user finds the syntax to be relatively inaccessible. Providing users with graphical syntax with which they can model and visualise their ontology has the potential to be helpful. Previously, we informally introduced concept diagrams for ontology visualisation and modelling. We present a case study comprising: (a) a set of axioms for an ontology, and (b) a set of theorems that follow from the axioms, together with their proofs. The proofs have been constructed so that they are, in our opinion, of an intuitive style. From these proofs, we derive a set of sound inference rules that can be used to formally reason about ontologies following the same intuitive style. This approach to designing inference rules differs from previous efforts where the primary focus has been on obtaining a set of sound and complete inference rules, rather than on intuitiveness.
Comparison of Open and Robotic Surgery in Radical Prostatectomy: A Single Surgeon's Experience (2008)

PURPOSE: To compare the results of open radical prostatectomy(OP) and robotic prostatectomy(RP) for a single surgeon's experience of 219 radical prostatectomy cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2002 and June 2007, 133 patients underwent OP and between July 2005 and June 2007, 86 patients underwent RP. To compare the surgeon's experience-related differences, we divided the OP cases into 73 early cases(OP-I) and 60 late cases(OP-II), and the RP cases into 30 early cases(RP-I) and 56 late cases(RP-II). The clinical characteristics, perioperative results, and early clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the preoperative characteristics between the four groups. For the RP cases, the mean estimated blood loss was decreased, a normal diet was started earlier, the mean duration of hospital stay and the mean duration of bladder catheterization was shorter than for the OP cases. The frequency of intraoperative complications significantly decreased in the RP-II group as compared to the RP-I group. Although there was no significant statistical difference in the positive surgical margin rates between the four groups, the rates were slightly decreased in the RP-II group. The recovery period of continence was shorter in the RP-II group than in the OP group and for patients 60 years or older, recovery of potency was also better in the RP-II group than the OP group. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that RP at the hands of an experienced surgeon may decrease the positive surgical margin rate to some degree. Additionally, performance of RP may lead to a shorter duration of bladder catheterization and hospital stay and a better recovery of continence and potency than obtainable by OP.
F0-Consistent Many-To-Many Non-Parallel Voice Conversion Via Conditional Autoencoder (2020)

Non-parallel many-to-many voice conversion remains an interesting but challenging speech processing task. Many style-transfer-inspired methods such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been proposed. Recently, AutoVC, a conditional autoencoders (CAEs) based method achieved state-of-the-art results by disentangling the speaker identity and speech content using information-constraining bottlenecks, and it achieves zero-shot conversion by swapping in a different speaker's identity embedding to synthesize a new voice. However, we found that while speaker identity is disentangled from speech content, a significant amount of prosodic information, such as source F0, leaks through the bottleneck, causing target F0 to fluctuate unnaturally. Furthermore, AutoVC has no control of the converted F0 and thus unsuitable for many applications. In the paper, we modified and improved autoencoder-based voice conversion to disentangle content, F0, and speaker identity at the same time. Therefore, we can control the F0 contour, generate speech with F0 consistent with the target speaker, and significantly improve quality and similarity. We support our improvement through quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Self-assembling hybrid diamond–biological quantum devices (2014)

Abstract The realization of scalable arrangements of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond remains a key challenge on the way towards efficient quantum information processing, quantum simulation and quantum sensing applications. Although technologies based on implanting NV-centers in bulk diamond crystals or hybrid device approaches have been developed, they are limited by the achievable spatial resolution and by the intricate technological complexities involved in achieving scalability. We propose and demonstrate a novel approach for creating an arrangement of NV-centers, based on the self-assembling capabilities of biological systems and their beneficial nanometer spatial resolution. Here, a self-assembled protein structure serves as a structural scaffold for surface functionalized nanodiamonds, in this way allowing for the controlled creation of NV-structures on the nanoscale and providing a new avenue towards bridging the bio–nano interface. One-, two- as well as three-dimensional structures are within the scope of biological structural assembling techniques. We realized experimentally the formation of regular structures by interconnecting nanodiamonds using biological protein scaffolds. Based on the achievable NV-center distances of 11 nm, we evaluate the expected dipolar coupling interaction with neighboring NV-centers as well as the expected decoherence time. Moreover, by exploiting these couplings, we provide a detailed theoretical analysis on the viability of multiqubit quantum operations, suggest the possibility of individual addressing based on the random distribution of the NV intrinsic symmetry axes and address the challenges posed by decoherence and imperfect couplings. We then demonstrate in the last part that our scheme allows for the high-fidelity creation of entanglement, cluster states and quantum simulation applications.
Asymmetric cooperation among wireless relays with linear precoding (2008)

Wireless relays extend coverage, improve spectral efficiency, and enhance reliability and rates of wireless cellular communication systems. In this work, we introduce the fundamental notion of asymmetric cooperation among cooperating relays in cellular downlinks - different relays are party to different but overlapping knowledge about the messages transmitted from the base station. We argue that asymmetric cooperation arises naturally in most two-phase protocols in which the base station first transmits information to multiple relays that then cooperatively forward the information to the recipient mobile stations in the cell. For a system in which two relays are of the decode-and-forward type and cooperate using linear precoding to communicate with two mobile stations, we formulate the general, but complicated, throughput optimization problem and derive several results that considerably simplify the optimization. We show that under different channel configurations and fairness criteria, asymmetric cooperation is often the throughput-maximizing option. Under typical configurations, a 20-30% throughput enhancement is achieved compared to conventional full-cooperation systems.
Researches Regarding the Shoulder and Elbow Joints in Ostrich (Struthio Camelus) (2009)

The researches were realized on anatomical preparations derived from 6 specimens
of Struthio camelus. The glenoid fossa formed by scapula and coracoid is very small relative to the
size of the girdle and faces laterally. This joint has a thick and wide capsule. There are two main
ligaments: dorsal scapulohumeral and dorsal coracohumeral, which appear like strong reinforcement
only of the dorsal part of the capsule. The elbow joint have dorsal collateral, ventral collateral and
cranial cubiti ligaments. In addition, ligament transversum radioulnare and proximal interoseus
ligament joint the proximal extremity of radius and ulna.
High-current pulsed operation of an inertial-electrostatic confinement (IEC) device (2003)

Recent advances in pulsed power supply technology has allowed the star mode inertial-electrostatic confinement (IEC) to pulse to high currents, 17 A, at a peak voltage of 50 kV, and a pulse width of 100 /spl mu/s at a frequency of 10 Hz. These results represent an increase in cathode currents of three orders of magnitude over steady state sources. Neutron production at the peak of the pulse was found to be /spl sim/10/sup 9/ n/s of D-D neutrons. This increase in pulsed current operation, and corresponding linear scaling of fusion reaction rates, represents a significant step forward in the development of IEC controlled fusion. An "effective-Q" of this operation was calculated to be 6/spl times/10/sup -5/. Analysis of IEC operation at higher current indicates that breakeven, with an effective-Q of 1.0, might be reached with additional increase in cathode current of only /spl sim/2 orders of magnitude.
Photometric classification of quasars from RCS-2 using Random Forest (2015)

The classification and identification of quasars is fundamental to many astronomical research areas. Given the large volume of photometric survey data available in the near future, automated methods for doing so are required. In this article, we present a new quasar candidate catalog from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey 2 (RCS-2), identified solely from photometric information using an automated algorithm suitable for large surveys. The algorithm performance is tested using a well-defined SDSS spectroscopic sample of quasars and stars. The Random Forest algorithm constructs the catalog from RCS-2 point sources using SDSS spectroscopically-confirmed stars and quasars. The algorithm identifies putative quasars from broadband magnitudes (g, r, i, z) and colors. Exploiting NUV GALEX measurements for a subset of the objects, we refine the classifier by adding new information. An additional subset of the data with WISE W1 and W2 bands is also studied. Upon analyzing 542 897 RCS-2 point sources, the algorithm identified 21 501 quasar candidates with a training-set-derived precision (the fraction of true positives within the group assigned quasar status) of 89.5% and recall (the fraction of true positives relative to all sources that actually are quasars) of 88.4%. These performance metrics improve for the GALEX subset: 6529 quasar candidates are identified from 16 898 sources, with a precision and recall of 97.0% and 97.5%, respectively. Algorithm performance is further improved when WISE data are included, with precision and recall increasing to 99.3% and 99.1%, respectively, for 21 834 quasar candidates from 242 902 sources. We compiled our final catalog (38 257) by merging these samples and removing duplicates. An observational follow up of 17 bright (r < 19) candidates with long-slit spectroscopy at DuPont telescope (LCO) yields 14 confirmed quasars. The results signal encouraging progress in the classification of point sources with Random Forest algorithms to search for quasars within current and future large-area photometric surveys.