gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-cost smartphone-based dosimeter for individualization of PDT treatment planning for protoporphyrin IX based skin cancer treatment (Conference Presentation) (2019)

The development of low-cost diagnostic tools is essential for translation into various clinical and low-resource settings. Current advances in solid-state lighting, smart-phone capabilities, and 3D printing provide an ideal environment for the development of low-cost imagers for point-of-care diagnostic applications. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) for actinic keratosis (AK) and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) is widespread, yet no diagnostic point-of-care tools are commonly used to account for the heterogeneity of PpIX accumulation between patients and between lesions. These heterogeneities are correlated with treatment outcomes, such that PpIX dosimetry can provide guidance in PDT and can be used to direct critical decisions about treatment time, retreatment, or further skin preparation. Here, we report on a low-cost smart-phone based dosimetry system designed for use in individualized PDT treatment planning. This hand-held dosimetry system uses an iPhone 6s smartphone alongside a custom app for streamlined image capture and analysis, custom LED board and electronics for PpIX excitation, and a 3D printed base for system integration and measurement standardization. The system has been tested on mice incubated with Ameluz for 10-400 minutes, imaging every 10 minutes. The images showed monotonic response over time with saturation occurring around 3hrs. Linearity of PpIX vs. measured fluorescence was confirmed with 1% intralipid phantom imaging, with a lowest detectable level of 0.05 μM and highest non-saturated level of 4 μM. With the data to date confirming the viability of the system to measure the production of PpIX relevant for skin PDT, preparations for human clinical imaging are underway.
Code construction for multiple sources network coding (2009)

In several wireless applications multiple sources transmit information to one or more receivers, many times over unknown topologies. This is especially so in mobile networks where learning the topology may have prohibitive complexity. Network coding techniques allow to achieve the min-cut capacity even when the topology is unknown. Our contribution in this paper is to develop algebraic code constructions for multiple sources network coding.
MEASUREMENT OF CYTOPLASMIC [MG++] IN PLATELETS BY NMR AND NULL-POINT TITRATION WITH ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (1987)

Magnesium is a cofactor for phosphatases, kinases, and synthetases in all cells, and thus the cytoplasmic [Mg++] influences most intracellular processes. The concentration of cytoplasmic free Mg++ varies considerably among different cell types and has been measured in platelets, as most techniques for [Mg++] measurement are suitable only for cells large enough to microinject. Incorrect estimates of this value could markedly affect many Intracellular investigations, including calibration of platelet [Ca++] with aequorin and other Ca++ -sensitive probes. We measured cytoplasmic free [Mg++] by two methods in washed, gel-filtered human platelets suspended in modified Tyrode's buffer: NMR spectroscopy of intracellular inorganic phosphates in intact platelets, and a modified null-point titration method in platelets selectively permeabilized with digitonin, using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The phosphorus-31 NMR spectra were obtained at 145.7-5Mhz and the cytoplasmic [Mg++] was calculated from the chemical shift values of ATP resonances; platelet free Mg++ was found to vary between 0.05 and 0.15mM, depending on the Kd used for Mg-ATP in the calculation. The null-point titration method gave a range of 0.1 to 0.35 mM for platelet cytoplasmic Mg++. Although these values are considerably lower than those reported in lymphocytes (ImM) they are consistent with those reported in erythrocytes (0.1-0.3mM) and hepatocytes (0.35mM) by similar methods. As an example of the importance of these determinations, the new [Mg++] values were used to construct a [Ca++] calibration curve for aequorin that proved to indicate lower resting and stimulated [Ca++] values than those obtained from previous curves based on assumed values for [Mg++] of 1.25 mM (by analogy with lymphocytes). This finding largely resolves the discrepancy between resting [Ca++] as determined by aequorin or by fura-2 and indo-1.
Controlled attenuation parameter using the FibroScan® XL probe for quantification of hepatic steatosis for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in an Asian population (2016)

CAP obtained using the XL probe had similar accuracy as the M probe for the estimation of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients.
Dynamic Charging of Electric Vehicles by Wireless Power Transfer (2016)

Power transfer capacity, efficiency, lateral tolerance, electromagnetic field containment, dimensions, and cost of the DWC systems have been improved by virtues of innovative semiconductor switches, higher operating frequency, better coil designs, optimized compensation networks, and suitable track construction. However, there are a variety of problems to be solved to arrive at a widespread commercialization of the DWC systems. Narrow width track and interoperability between WPT systems for DWC and SWC are examples of these problems.
Sound Field Reconstruction: An Improved Approach for Wave Field Synthesis (2009)

Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a prevalent approach to multiple-loudspeaker sound reproduction for an extended listening area. Although powerful as a theoretical concept, its deployment is hampered by practical limitations due to diffraction, aliasing, and the effects of the listening room. Reconstructing the desired sound field in the listening area, accounting for the medium propagation characteristic, is another approach termed as sound field reconstruction (SFR). It is based on the essential band-limitedness of the sound field, which enables a continuous matching of the reconstructed and the desired sound field by their matching on a discrete set of points spaced below the Nyquist distance. We compare the two approaches in a common single-source free-field setup, and show that SFR provides improved sound field reproduction compared to WFS in a wide listening area around a defined reference line.
Differencing Graphical User Interfaces (2018)

Graphical User Interface (GUI)-based APplications (GAPs) are ubiquitous and provide a wealth of sophisticated services. Nontrivial GAPs evolve through many versions, and understanding how GUIs of different versions of GAPs differ is crucial for various software quality tasks such as testing, cross-platform UI comparison and project effort estimation. Yet despite the criticality of automating GUI differencing, it is a manual, tedious, and laborious task. We offer a novel approach for differencing GUIs that combines tree edit distance measure algorithms with accessibility technologies for obtaining GUI models in a non-intrusive, platform and language-independent way, and it does not require the source code of GAPs. We developed a tool called GUI DifferEntiator (GUIDE) that allows users to difference GUIs of running GAPs. To evaluate GUIDE, we created an experimental platform that generates random GUIs with controlled differentials among them that serve as oracles. GUIDE enables researchers to plug-and-play various GUI differencing algorithms and to automatically run experiments. We evaluated GUIDE on 5,000 pairs of generated complex GUIs and three open-source GAPs and the results of our evaluation suggest that GUIDE can find differences between GUIs with a high degree of automation and precision.
Novel organic–inorganic hybrid coatings prepared by the sol–gel process: corrosion and mechanical properties (2012)

Abstract (Hyperbranched polyurethane‐urea)/[(3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane]‐ZnO (HBPUU‐APTES‐ZnO) hybrid coatings were synthesized using an inexpensive mixing technique by varying the APTES‐modified ZnO concentration. The mechanical and surface properties of the hybrid coating films were studied and compared with unmodified and modified ZnO. The corrosion, solvent and abrasion resistance show significant enhancement in HBPUU‐APTES‐ZnO hybrids and their properties are increased with increasing APTES‐ZnO concentration. This hybrid coating has opened up an opportunity for automotive topcoat application. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioinspired amphiphilic phosphate block copolymers as non-fluoride materials to prevent dental erosion (2014)

Inspired by the fact that certain natural proteins, e.g. casein phosphopeptide or amelogenin, are able to prevent tooth erosion (mineral loss) and to enhance tooth remineralization, a synthetic amphiphilic diblock copolymer, containing a hydrophilic methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate block (MOEP) and a hydrophobic methyl methacrylate block (MMA), was designed as a novel non-fluoride agent to prevent tooth erosion under acidic conditions. The structure of the polymer, synthesized by reversible addition-fragment transfer (RAFT) polymerization, was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). While the hydrophilic PMOEP block within the amphiphilic block copolymer strongly binds to the enamel surface, the PMMA block forms a hydrophobic shell to prevent acid attack on tooth enamel, thus preventing/reducing acid erosion. The polymer treatment not only effectively decreased the mineral loss of hydroxyapatite (HAP) by 36-46% compared to the untreated control, but also protected the surface morphology of the enamel specimen following exposure to acid. Additionally, experimental results confirmed that low pH values and high polymer concentrations facilitate polymer binding. Thus, the preliminary data suggests that this new amphiphilic diblock copolymer has the potential to be used as a non-fluoride ingredient for mouth-rinse or toothpaste to prevent/reduce tooth erosion.
Self‐Assembly and Aggregation‐Induced Emission in Aqueous Media of Responsive Luminescent Copper(I) Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles (2021)

Luminescent copper(I)-based compounds have recently attracted much attention since they can reach very high emission quantum yields. Interestingly, Cu(I) clusters can also be emissive, and the extension from small molecules to larger architecture could represent the first step towards novel materials that could be obtained by programming the units to undergo self-assembly. However, for Cu(I) compounds the formation of supramolecular systems is challenging due to the coordinative diversity of copper centers. This works shows that this diversity can be exploited in the construction of responsive systems. In detail, the changes in the emissive profile of different aggregates formed in water by phosphine-thioether copper(I) derivatives were followed. Our results demonstrate that the self-assembly and disassembly of Cu(I)-based coordination polymeric nanoparticles (CPNs) is sensitive to solvent composition. The solvent-induced changes are related to modifications in the coordination sphere of copper at the molecular level, which alters not only the emission profile but also the morphology of the aggregates. Our findings are expected to inspire the construction of smart supramolecular systems based on dynamic coordinative metal centers.
Learning Low-Dimensional Signal Models (2011)

Sampling, coding, and streaming even the most essential data, e.g., in medical imaging and weather-monitoring applications, produce a data deluge that severely stresses the avail able analog-to-digital converter, communication bandwidth, and digital-storage resources. Surprisingly, while the ambient data dimension is large in many problems, the relevant information in the data can reside in a much lower dimensional space. This observation has led to several important theoretical and algorithmic developments under different low-dimensional modeling frameworks, such as compressive sensing (CS), matrix completion, and general factor-model representations. These approaches have enabled new measurement systems, tools, and methods for information extraction from dimensionality-reduced or incomplete data. A key aspect of maximizing the potential of such techniques is to develop appropriate data models. In this article, we investigate this challenge from the perspective of nonparametric Bayesian analysis.
Supplementary Legends from Dopamine Receptor D5 is a Modulator of Tumor Response to Dopamine Receptor D2 Antagonism (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary legends for Figures S1-S5 and Tables S1-S2.&lt;/p&gt;
Assessing the Causal Effect of Policies: An Approach Based on Stochastic Interventions (2012)

Stochastic interventions are a powerful tool to define parameters that measure the causal effect of a realistic intervention that intends to alter the population distribution of an exposure. In this paper we follow the approach described in D\\'iaz and van der Laan (2011) to define and estimate the effect of an intervention that is expected to cause a truncation in the population distribution of the exposure. The observed data parameter that identifies the causal parameter of interest is established, as well as its efficient influence function under the non parametric model. Inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW), augmented IPTW and targeted minimum loss based estimators (TMLE) are proposed, their consistency and efficiency properties are determined. An extension to longitudinal data structures is presented and its use is demonstrated with a real data example.
A 1 V, 26 &#x03BC;W extended temperature range band-gap reference in 130-nm CMOS technology (2005)

This paper presents a fully CMOS band-gap reference for extended temperature range (from -50 /spl deg/C to 160 /spl deg/C) applications. The proposed solution provides an output voltage of 798 mV with a power supply as low as 1 V. The measured output voltage variations as a function of temperature (-50 /spl deg/C to 160 /spl deg/C) and power supply (1 V to 2 V) are 6.64 ppm//spl deg/C and 248 ppm/V, respectively. High accuracy is achieved by minimizing the operational amplifier offset. Power consumption is approximately equal to 26 /spl mu/W (supply voltage = 1 V). Silicon area is 0.02 mm/sup 2/.
A Local Perspective on the Edge Removal Problem (2019)

The edge removal problem studies the loss in network coding rates that results when a network communication edge is removed from a given network. It is known, for example, that in networks restricted to linear coding schemes and networks restricted to Abelian group codes, removing an edge e* with capacity Re* reduces the achievable rate on each source by no more than Re*. In this work, we seek to uncover larger families of encoding functions for which the edge removal statement holds. We take a local perspective: instead of requiring that all network encoding functions satisfy certain restrictions (e.g., linearity), we limit only the function carried on the removed edge e*. Our central results give sufficient conditions on the function carried by edge e* in the code used to achieve a particular rate vector under which we can demonstrate the achievability of a related rate vector once e* is removed.
Sign determination methods for the respiratory signal in data-driven PET gating (2017)

Patient respiratory motion during PET image acquisition leads to blurring in the reconstructed images and may cause significant artifacts, resulting in decreased lesion detectability, inaccurate standard uptake value calculation and incorrect treatment planning in radiation therapy. To reduce these effects data can be regrouped into (nearly) 'motion-free' gates prior to reconstruction by selecting the events with respect to the breathing phase. This gating procedure therefore needs a respiratory signal: on current scanners it is obtained from an external device, whereas with data driven (DD) methods it can be directly obtained from the raw PET data. DD methods thus eliminate the use of external equipment, which is often expensive, needs prior setup and can cause patient discomfort, and they could also potentially provide increased fidelity to the internal movement. DD methods have been recently applied on PET data showing promising results. However, many methods provide signals whose direction with respect to the physical motion is uncertain (i.e. their sign is arbitrary), therefore a maximum in the signal could refer either to the end-inspiration or end-expiration phase, possibly causing inaccurate motion correction. In this work we propose two novel methods, CorrWeights and CorrSino, to detect the correct direction of the motion represented by the DD signal, that is obtained by applying principal component analysis (PCA) on the acquired data. They only require the PET raw data, and they rely on the assumption that one of the major causes of change in the acquired data related to the chest is respiratory motion in the axial direction, that generates a cranio-caudal motion of the internal organs. We also implemented two versions of a published registration-based method, that require image reconstruction. The methods were first applied on XCAT simulations, and later evaluated on cancer patient datasets monitored by the Varian Real-time Position Management<sup>TM</sup> (RPM) device, selecting the lower chest bed positions. For each patient different time intervals were evaluated ranging from 50 to 300 s in duration. The novel methods proved to be generally more accurate than the registration-based ones in detecting the correct sign of the respiratory signal, and their failure rates are lower than 3% when the DD signal is highly correlated with the RPM. They also have the advantage of faster computation time, avoiding reconstruction. Moreover, CorrWeights is not specifically related to PCA and considering its simple implementation, it could easily be applied together with any DD method in clinical practice.
Complete Multilineage CD4 Expression Defect Associated With Warts Due to an Inherited Homozygous CD4 Gene Mutation (2019)

Idiopathic T-CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare and heterogeneous syndrome characterized by opportunistic infections due to reduced CD4 T-lymphocytes (<300 cells/μl or <20% T-cells) in the absence of HIV infection and other primary causes of lymphopenia. Molecular testing of ICL has revealed defects in genes not specific to CD4 T-cells, with pleiotropic effects on other cell types. Here we report for the first time an absolute CD4 lymphocytopenia (<0.01 CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells/μl) due to an autosomal recessive CD4 gene mutation that completely abrogates CD4 protein expression on the surface membrane of T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. A 45-year-old female born to consanguineous parents consulted because of exuberant, relapsing, and treatment-refractory warts on her hands and feet since the age of 10 years, in the absence of other recurrent infections or symptoms. Serological studies were negative for severe infections, including HIV 1/2, HTLV-1, and syphilis, but positive for CMV and EBV. Blood analysis showed the absence of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells (<0.01%) with repeatedly increased counts of B-cells, naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocytes, and particularly, CD4/CD8 double-negative (DN) TCRαβ<sup>+</sup> TCRγδ<sup>-</sup> T-cells (30% of T-cells; 400 cells/μl). Flow cytometric staining of CD4 using monoclonal antibodies directed against five different epitopes, located in two different domains of the protein, confirmed no cell surface membrane or intracytoplasmic expression of CD4 on T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells but normal soluble CD4 plasma levels. DN T-cells showed a phenotypic and functional profile similar to normal CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells as regards expression of maturation markers, T-helper and T-regulatory chemokine receptors, TCRvβ repertoire, and <i>in vitro</i> cytokine production against polyclonal and antigen-specific stimuli. Sequencing of the <i>CD4</i> gene revealed a homozygous (splicing) mutation affecting the last bp on intron 7-8, leading to deletion of the juxtamembrane and intracellular domains of the protein and complete abrogation of CD4 expression on the cell membrane. These findings support previous studies in CD4 KO mice suggesting that surrogate DN helper and regulatory T-cells capable of supporting antigen-specific immune responses are produced in the absence of CD4 signaling and point out the need for better understanding the role of CD4 on thymic selection and the immune response.
Prácticas de fundamento de ciencias de la materia: solubilidad. (2021)

En esta práctica se procederá a la determinación de la solubilidad a temperatura ambiente de dos sales (NaCl y KNO3), usando agua como disolvente. De esta forma, se constatará que la solubilidad de las sustancias depende de la naturaleza de dicha sustancia. Así mismo, se repetirá la determinación de la solubilidad de las mismas sales, pero esta vez subiendo el sistema a 70ºC, de forma que se demostrará que la solubilidad de una sustancia dada depende también de la temperatura. En esta práctica se trabaja con el concepto de solubilidad, que se define como la cantidad máxima de un soluto que puede disolverse en 100 ml de un disolvente. Esta propiedad depende tanto de la naturaleza del soluto y del disolvente, así como de la temperatura. Para observar este hecho, se comparará la solubilidad de dos solutos distintos a temperatura ambiente y a 90ºC. Para ello, se determinará, usando una bureta, el volumen de agua (que se fija como disolvente) necesario para disolver 2 g del soluto. Con este dato, basta con establecer una relación para determinar la cantidad de soluto que se disolverían en 100 ml de agua. Asimismo, se observará que el valor de solubilidad es distinto para cada soluto y cada valor de temperatura.
The Monge-Ampére equation method in freeform optics design (2014)

The Monge-Ampére equation method could be the most advanced point source algorithm of freeform optics design.This paper introduces this method, and outlines two key issues that should be tackles to improve this method.
Detecting Misplaced RFID Tags on Static Shelved Items (2019)

A smart shelving system can visualize stock data in real time by leveraging item-level RFID tagging so that we can minimize out-of-stock and reduce warehousing and labor costs. The key issue of smart shelving is to locate RFID tags at any time, especially after misplacing tags. The detection of misplaced tags on stationary shelved items is very challenging due to position ambiguity, phase wrapping, device diversity, and phase ambiguity. Using a combination of theoretical analysis, simulation-based prediction and experimental verification, we propose an effective way of detecting misplaced tags, called FINDS, that integrates Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) and Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithms to make theoretical and measured phases consistent with each other, and observe the phase shifts caused by misplaced tags. FINDS requires neither antenna movement nor external disturbances. We have implemented a prototype of FINDS with 20 tags and evaluated its performance, demonstrating FINDS's accuracy to be higher than 0.92 in the case of 2 stationary antennas.
Quantum chemical and vibrational investigation of sodium exchanged γ-alumina surfaces (2007)

The sodium cation is well known as an efficient poison of gamma-alumina surface acidity. This poisoning effect has been revealed both by characterization methods and catalytic tests. In this work, we propose an accurate model of sodium exchanged gamma-alumina surfaces. On realistic models of hydroxylated gamma-alumina surfaces, the location of sodium cation is determined by the use of density functional theory (DFT) methods. For the (100) and (110) surfaces of gamma-alumina, the sodium cation is found in a solvated state within an inner solvation sphere complex. Its coordination sphere is constituted by O-mu(2), O-mu(3) and HO-mu(1) surface groups. The stretching frequency of these HO-mu(1) groups is shifted, leading to the appearance of a new band predicted and observed at about 3754 cm(-1) on the IR spectrum.