gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking Quantum Control Methods on a 12-Qubit System (2006)

In this Letter, we present an experimental benchmark of operational control methods in quantum information processors extended up to 12 qubits. We implement universal control of this large Hilbert space using two complementary approaches and discuss their accuracy and scalability. Despite decoherence, we were able to reach a 12-coherence state (or a 12-qubit pseudopure cat state) and decode it into an 11 qubit plus one qutrit pseudopure state using liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processors.
Efficient PBCH DMRS Sequence Detection for Fast Synchronization Process of 5G NR Systems (2021)

In this paper, an efficient physical broadcast channel (PBCH) demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence detection scheme for new radio (NR) systems is proposed. Unlike conventional communication systems, to complete synchronization process, PBCH DMRS sequence detection, which has one-to-one mapping with 3 least significant bits (LSBs) of synchronization signal block (SSB) index, is essential procedure. In order to detect PBCH DMRS sequence efficiently, we propose the maximum-likelihood based detection scheme. We also provide the mean synchronization time (MST) based on Markov chain model analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is outstanding for the conventional scheme in terms of detection probability and MST.
Treatment of Patients with Recurrent Hepatitis C after Liver Transplantation with Peginterferon Alfa-2B Plus Ribavirin (2006)

The use of peginterferon is safe and effective in patients with recurrent HCV. Treatment of side effects, especially neutropenia or anemia, helped to maintain antiviral therapy. Despite a viral response of 68% during treatment, the patients showed further progress of recurrent hepatitis in liver specimen.
Transition Metal‐Doped Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin‐Film Phosphor, Chromium‐Doped Amorphous Gallium Oxide (2018)

Transition metal ( TM )‐doped amorphous gallium oxide ( a ‐GO: TM x ) is studied as an inorganic thin‐film phosphor. Cr is selected as an emission center based on preliminary screening. The most intense red photoluminescence (PL) with a broad emission band of 620–800 nm from the a ‐GO:Cr x films deposited at room temperature is attained by optimizing the Cr concentration ( x = 0.001) and the oxygen partial pressure ( P O2 = 10 Pa) during the film growth. Post‐deposition thermal annealing at 400 °C in O 2 , which is lower than the crystallization temperature, improves internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of PL to 0.3%. Crystallized films by 800 °C annealing further improves the IQE to 20%. The improvement of PL by crystallization is commonly observed for conventional inorganic phosphors, but opposite to that of previously reported rare‐earth ( RE )‐doped a ‐GO: RE x thin‐film phosphors. It is explained by different solubility of Cr and RE in the β ‐Ga 2 O 3 host.
Synthesis of raspberry-like organic-inorganic hybrid nanocapsules via pickering miniemulsion polymerization: Colloidal stability and morphology Part A Polymer chemistry (2011)

Raspberry-like hybrid nanocapsules with a hydrophobic liquid core were successfully prepared via the copolymerization of styrene, divinylbenzene (DVB), and 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) in Pickering-stabilized miniemulsions by using silica particles as the sole emulsifier and hexadecane (HD) as liquid template. When compared with conventional Pickering miniemulsions and Pickering suspensions, the colloidal stability of the current systems is much more sensitive to the variation of reaction parameters such as pH, size, amount of silica particles, and content of 4-VP. The systems without coagulum were only obtained in a narrow pH range at around 9.5 and by using 12 nm silica particles as emulsifier. The formation of well-defined raspberry-like capsules was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). The stable attachment of silica particles on the surface of hybrid particles was verified by centrifugation and subsequent characterizations, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TEM, and HRSEM. The influence of pH and weight content of HD, DVB, and 4-VP on the particle morphology was extensively investigated. Interestingly, the particle morphology strongly depends on the particle size. When compared with the organic surface-active surfactant, the formation of capsule morphology could be promoted by the application of silica particles taking advantage of their surface inactivity. The formation mechanisms of capsules/solid particles are discussed.
Coffee (2012)

Abstract Coffee was originally consumed as a food in ancient Abyssinia and was presumably cultivated by Arabians in ∼ 575 AD. In 1725 the first coffee plant was planted in the Western Hemisphere, in Martinique and its cultivation expanded rapidly. Most coffees from different areas possess characteristic flavors. Commercial roasters obtain preferred flavors by blending or mixing the varieties before or after roasting. For example. Colombian coffees are considered mild and aromatic; Brazilian coffees are considered heavy body and slightly aromatic. Green coffee processing is discussed. Organic coffee cultivation has become a niche market since sustainable farming and fair trade are of current interest. Instant coffee is the dried water extract of ground, roasted coffee. Methods of decaffeinating of coffee are discussed. Biotechnology techniques are implemented through tissue culture and genetic modification to improve crops and flavor. Coffee consumption of 3‐5 cups per day show no negative effects. Chicory is a coffee substitute.
Sensitive Detection of a Tumor Marker, α-Fetoprotein, with a Sandwich Assay on a Plasmonic Chip (2015)

Two types of plasmonic silver- and gold-coated grating biosensor chips (plasmonic chip) were applied in the detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP) with a sandwich imunoassay and surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence. On the plasmonic chip, unlabeled marker in the sandwich immunoassay was first quantitatively detected over a wide range between 10(-12) and 10(-8) g/mL. The affinity constants between AFP and anti-AFP antibody, which were obtained by fitting the experimental data to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption curve, were 1 × 10(8) g(-1) mL regardless of the kind of metal in the plasmonic chips. Although the fluorescence intensity on the silver plasmonic chip was 5 times larger than that on the gold plasmonic chip, the limit of detection (LOD) was on the order of 10(-11) g/mL and not improved with a silver plasmonic chip. Herein, we used a new setup that generated less dispersions of both the fluorescence intensity for nonspecific adsorption and the background (optical blank) signal and improved the LOD of AFP to 4 pg/mL (55 fM) with the silver plasmonic chip. With the highly sensitive detection in the sandwich immunoassay, the development of a plasmonic chip for clinical diagnosis by a blood test is promising.
Improved mobility performance in LTE co-channel hetnets through speed differentiated enhancements (2012)

This paper analyzes the mobility performance of LTE (Long Term Evolution) co-channel heterogeneous networks (HetNet) with macro and pico cells. Improved methods for differentiating offload and mobility robustness as a function of the UE (User Equipment) mobility are proposed. The suggested solution comprises two key elements, namely enhanced UE MSE (Mobility State Estimation), as well as optimized methods such that high speed users are primarily kept at the macro layer, while the offload to pico cells for low speed users is maximized. The proposed methods are designed as UE autonomous solutions, requiring minimum assistance and signaling from the network. Extensive system level simulations are used to quantify the benefits. Results confirm that the proposed solutions offer improvements in several mobility key performance indicators such as radio link failure, number of handovers, offload to pico layer.
P549 Effect of maintenance Ustekinumab on corticosteroid-free clinical outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease (2017)

Background: The use of corticosteroids (CS) in the management of Crohn’s disease (CD) is limited by important toxicity. Ustekinumab (UST) has been shown to induce (UNITI 1&2) and maintain (IM-UNITI) clinical response and remission in CD. We evaluated the efficacy of UST on the achievement of CS-free remission and response in participants in IM-UNITI. Methods: IM-UNITI was a Ph3, double-blind placebo (PBO)-controlled maintenance trial in moderate-severe CD pts who achieved clinical response to UST at wk 8 in one of two UST IV induction UNITI studies. Pts could enter the induction studies while receiving CS; the dose remained stable throughout the 8 wk induction trials. Pts on CS and in clinical response upon entry into IM-UNITI began mandatory CS tapering at wk 0 of maintenance. At wk 44, CS-free remission, CS-free response, and CS-free remission without the use of CS for at least 30 and 90 days were assessed in the primary randomized population regardless of baseline CS use. Similarly, CS-free remission and CS-free response were also assessed at wk 44 in pts who were receiving CS at enrollment baseline. Results: A significantly greater proportion of pts in the UST 90mg q8w group (46.9%, p=0.004) and a nominally significant greater proportion of pts in the 90mg q12w group (42.6%, p=0.035) were in CS-free remission at wk 44 compared with the PBO group (29.8%) (Table). Likewise, a greater proportion of pts in the UST 90mg q12w group (51.2%, p=0.024) and 90mg q8w group (50.8%, p=0.026) were in CS-free response at wk 44 compared with pts the PBO group (36.6%). The proportions of pts in the PBO group that were in remission and off CS for 30 and 90 days (29.8% and 29%, respectively) were lower than in the 90mg q12w (42.6% and 41.1%, respectively) and 90mg q8w group (46.9% and 45.3%, respectively; p<0.05 for all comparisons vs PBO). Among the subgroup of pts receiving CS at baseline (44.8%), a greater proportion of these pts in the combined UST group discontinued CS and achieved clinical remission or clinical response at wk 44 (30.2% and 33.6%, respectively) compared with the PBO group (15.5% and 19.0%, respectively; p<0.05 for both). A numerically higher proportion of pts in each of the two dosing groups (q12w and q8w) achieved CS-free remission and response at wk 44 compared with PBO. Conclusions: UST achieved a higher rate of CS-free remission and response vs. PBO and this CS-sparing effect was observed over 44 wks of treatment. For pts on CS at study entry, UST showed evidence of benefit reducing the need for CS while still achieving clinical response/remission.
Nonradiative Decay Mechanism of Fluoren-9-ylidene Malononitrile Ambipolar Derivatives (2011)

We report recent results on the nonradiative decay (NRD) of fluoren-9-ylidene malononitrile (FM) ambipolar derivatives (FMDs). 2,7- and 3,6-disubstituted FMDs present distinctive photophysics. Charge separation was found dominant for excited state relaxation. The radiative decay (RD) is sensitive to changes in temperature and solvent medium only for the case of 3,6-FMDs. Excited state deactivation of carbazole-containing 3,6-FMD (CPAFM36) was exclusively nonradiative in polar solvents with excited state lifetimes shorter than 10 ps. The charge separation/recombination mechanism of the corresponding FMDs is suggested to fall in the inverted Marcus region of electron transfer. Given the electron-withdrawing properties of the FM unit, its ambipolar derivatives are suggested as potential candidates for air-stable organic thin-film transistors and molecular organic photovoltaics.
Rapid refocusing of ultrasound images in frequency domain using range-Doppler algorithm (2023)

The ability to maintain image uniformity and high resolution over large depths is important for several clinical applications of ultrasound, including deep abdominal imaging in patients with high BMI. One way to improve image quality in such cases is to use retrospective transmit focusing, which involves combining received data from different focused transmits to improve image resolution and SNR outside of transmit focal zone. Retrospective transmit is typically accomplished using the delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming, which can be slow on systems without a GPU. As a faster alternative, we treat beamsummed signals from focused transmits as monostatic synthetic aperture data from virtual sources, and apply a frequency-domain beamformer such as RDA to rapidly refocus an RF image. We demonstrate the concept using FIELD II simulated ultrasound signals from a point target phantom over 200 mm depth. The RDA-refocused image shows a uniform point spread function, and the reduction in full-width at half maximum by a factor of 2.5 compared to the original image from focused transmits at f-number 10. RDA-based refocusing also achieves a speedup by a factor of 14 relative to the DAS-based retrospective beamformer.
The Case for a 700+ GeV WIMP: Cosmic Ray Spectra from ATIC and PAMELA (2008)

Multiple lines of evidence indicate an anomalous injection of high-energy e+- in the Galactic halo. The recent $e^+$ fraction spectrum from the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) shows a sharp rise up to 100 GeV. The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has found a significant hardening of the e+e- cosmic ray spectrum above 100 GeV, with a break, confirmed by HESS at around 1 TeV. The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) has also detected detected a similar excess, falling back to the expected spectrum at 1 TeV and above. Excess microwaves towards the galactic center in the WMAP data are consistent with hard synchrotron radiation from a population of 10-100 GeV e+- (the WMAP ``Haze''). We argue that dark matter annihilations can provide a consistent explanation of all of these data, focusing on dominantly leptonic modes, either directly or through a new light boson. Normalizing the signal to the highest energy evidence (Fermi and HESS), we find that similar cross sections provide good fits to PAMELA and the Haze, and that both the required cross section and annihilation modes are achievable in models with Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation. These models naturally predict significant production of gamma rays in the galactic center via a variety of mechanisms. Most notably, there is a robust inverse-Compton scattered (ICS) gamma-ray signal arising from the energetic electrons and positrons, detectable at Fermi/GLAST energies, which should provide smoking gun evidence for this production.
Short-Term Outcome of ABO-Incompatible Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation (2012)

Background: ABO-incompatible liver transplantation is usually contraindicated. The presence in the recipient of performed antibodies located on endothelial cells raises the risk of antibody-mediated humoral rejection of the graft. We describe 20 successful cases who had living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) from ABO-incompatible donors. Methods: The immunosuppressive protocol consisted of rituximab and plasmapheresis prior to LDLT followed by basiliximab induction, maintenance with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids. Plasmapheresis was planned for up to 2 weeks after LDLT aiming at maintaining the anti-ABO titers level below 1:32. Results: Between September 2010 and January 2012, twenty patients received an ABO-incompatible LDLT. Median age of recipients was 56 years and median MELD score was 13. The range of initial IgM and IgG titer was 1:8 - 1:1024 and 1:2 - 1:1024, respectively, and preoperative IgM and IgG titer was less than 1:32 in all recipients. There were no statistically differences on the AST levels, ALT levels, INR levels, and total bilirubin levels between high MELD group (≥20) vs. low MELD group (< 20) and local graft infusion vs. no local graft infusion and high initial titer (≥1:256) vs. low initial titer (< 1:256) in the first 2 weeks after transplantation. The incidence of CMV infection and bacterial infection were 50% (n=10) and 45% (n=9). Four patients were occurred biliary leakage and 1 patient was biliary stenosis. Patient and graft survival was 100% and acute rejection did not occur in the recipient at median follow-up of 177 days (range, 13-496). Conclusion: ABO-incompatible LDLT can be safely performed when rituximab and plasmapheresis was used and may be proposed when ABO-compatible donors are not available.
Flexural strength and flaw distributions of SrFe 0.2 Co 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 3−δ ceramic‐supports for SOFCs at operating conditions (2019)

Abstract Solid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the potential to increase electricity generation efficiency, but traditional SOFCs supported by nickel cermets suffer from reliability challenges due to weaker mechanical strength caused by cracking after redox cycling. To solve this problem, a new ceramic anode material, SrFe 0.2 Co 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 3−δ (SFCM) combined with Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2 (GDC), was evaluated for conductivity and mechanical strength at SOFC operating conditions and after redox cycling. Fracture toughness of SFCM was determined to be (0.124 ± 0.023) MPa√m at room temperature in air, increasing to (0.286 ± 0.038) MPa√m at 600°C. A mixture of SFCM:GDC showed fracture toughness between the two materials, following SFCM's trend with temperature. The SFCM‐GDC anode supported half‐cell strength increases by 31% from room temperature to 600°C as intrinsic stresses remaining from sintering are relaxed and thermal expansion pushes existing cracks closed. Exposure to reducing gasses decreases strength by 29% compared to ambient, due to oxygen vacancy formation and microstructural flaw changes. It is found that SFCM‐GDC based cells tolerate cycling well because of phase stability but weaken from 34.3 to 22.4 MPa due to uniform growth of critical microstructural flaws.
Biosynthetic Capacities of Actinomysetes. No.27. Endophenazines A-D, New Phenazine Antibiotics from the Athropod Associated Endosymbiont Streptomyces anulatus. II. Structure Elucidation. (2002)

A detailed screening of the secondary metabolite pattern produced by different athropod associated strains of the species Streptomyces anulatus resulted in the isolation and structure elucidation of the endophenazines A-D (2, 4-6). The structures were assigned by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations. 4 represents a chromophoric system based on a phenazin-7-one, 5 and 6 are new 5,10-dihydrophenazine derivatives.
State Aggregation for Multiagent Communication over Rate-Limited Channels (2020)

A collaborative task is assigned to a multiagent system (MAS) in which agents are allowed to communicate. The MAS runs over an underlying Markov decision process and its task is to maximize the averaged sum of discounted one-stage rewards. Although knowing the global state of the environment is necessary for the optimal action selection of the MAS, agents are limited to individual observations. The inter-agent communication can tackle the issue of local observability, however, the limited rate of the inter-agent communication prevents the agents from acquiring the precise global state information. To overcome this challenge, agents need to communicate their observations in a compact way such that the MAS compromises the minimum possible sum of rewards. We show that this problem is equivalent to a form of rate-distortion problem which we call the task-based information compression. State Aggregation for Information Compression (SAIC) is introduced here to perform the task-based information compression. The SAIC is shown, conditionally, to be capable of achieving the optimal performance in terms of the attained sum of discounted rewards. The proposed algorithm is applied to a rendezvous problem and its performance is compared with two benchmarks; (i) conventional source coding algorithms and the (ii) centralized multiagent control using reinforcement learning. Numerical experiments confirm the superiority and fast convergence of the proposed SAIC.
Localization from Superselection Rules in Translationally Invariant Systems (2016)

The cubic code model is studied in the presence of arbitrary extensive perturbations. Below a critical perturbation strength, we show that most states with finite energy are localized; the overwhelming majority of such states have energy concentrated around a finite number of defects, and remain so for a time that is near exponential in the distance between the defects. This phenomenon is due to an emergent superselection rule and does not require any disorder. Local integrals of motion for these finite energy sectors are identified as well. Our analysis extends more generally to systems with immobile topological excitations.
Bisphosphonates and Cancer-Induced Bone Disease: Beyond Their Antiresorptive Activity (2005)

Bisphosphonates are primarily known for their ability to inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. They are an indispensable part of therapy for patients with cancers that cause osteolysis. However, there is now a growing body of evidence from preclinical research showing that bisphosphonates also exhibit antitumor activity, both in vitro and in vivo. They can affect molecular mechanisms of tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and proliferation; reinforce the effects of cytotoxic agents in a synergistic manner; and exhibit antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects. These preclinical findings reveal exciting ways of optimizing bisphosphonate therapy in oncology to fully exploit their antitumor potential.
An Experimental Study of Power Assist Systems based on Harmonization of Human Operators, Actuators and Mechanical Elastic Elements (2007)

This paper describes an experimental study of power assist systems based on harmonization of human operators, actuators and mechanical elastic elements. This power assist system proposed by the authors simultaneously realizes amplification of operator's torque and optimization of stiffness of a mechanical elastic element. The optimization in the proposed power assist system means that the minimum torque from the actuator can generate periodical motions even if the parameters of the operator's periodic torque are not known. The amplification and the optimization were mathematically proven in our previous papers. In this paper, effectiveness of the proposed power assist system is experimentally investigated by using a mechanical device with a stiffness adjustable mechanism. Next, another type power assist system of a mechanical structure with better backdrivability is proposed and effectiveness of the new structure is also verified through simulation and experimental results.