gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable Synthesis of Crystalline One-Dimensional Carbon Nanothreads Through Modest-Pressure Polymerization of Furan (2020)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carbon nanothreads, which are unique one-dimensional sp3-rich polymers, combine high tensile strength with flexibility owing to subnanometer widths and diamond-like cores. These extended carbon solids are constructed through pressure-induced polymerization of sp2 molecules such as benzene. Whereas a few examples of carbon nanothreads have been reported, the need for high onset pressures ( ≥ 17 GPa) to synthesize them precludes scalability and limits scope. Herein, we report the scalable synthesis of carbon nanothreads based on molecular furan, which can be achieved through ambient temperature pressure-induced polymerization with an onset reaction pressure of only 10 GPa due to its lessened aromaticity relative to other molecular precursors. When slowly compressed to 15 GPa and gradually decompressed to 1.5 GPa, a sharp six-fold diffraction pattern is observed in situ, indicating a well‐ordered crystalline material formed from liquid furan. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the reaction product exhibits three distinct d-spacings from 4.75 to 4.9 Å, whose size, angular spacing, and degree of anisotropy are consistent with our atomistic simulations for crystals of furan nanothreads. Further evidence for polymerization was obtained by powder XRD and Raman/IR spectroscopy. Comparison of the IR spectra with computed vibrational modes provides identification of spectral features characteristic of specific nanothreads, namely syn, anti, and syn/anti configurations. Furan therefore presents a strategic entry toward scalable carbon nanothreads.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Projected interfaces (2009)

The Projected Interfaces architecture enables bi-directional user interaction with smart tangible objects. Smart objects function as both input and output devices simultaneously by cooperating with projector-camera systems to achieve a projected display on their surfaces. Tangible manipulation of the object and camera-based tracking allow interaction directly with the projected display. Such hybrid interfaces benefit both from the flexibility offered by the GUI and the intuitiveness of TUI. In this paper we present the theory behind how to consider interaction for projected interfaces with an architecture design and a proof of concept implementation using an augmented photograph album.
Abstract P6-15-07: A Dose-Escalation Study with a Special Drug Delivery System (SDS) of BEZ235, a Novel Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, in Patients with Metastatic/Advanced Solid Tumors (2010)

Abstract Background: The PI3K pathway plays a major role in cancer cell growth and survival and is the most frequently altered pathway in cancer. BEZ235 is a potent and highly specific oral PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. Administered as hard-gelatine capsule, BEZ235 was well tolerated with a favorable safety profile. Available data showed that BEZ235 led to PRs (1 patient (pt) with NSCLC [PTENnull], 1 pt with ER+ breast cancer [mutation unknown]) and prolonged disease stabilization (4 to &amp;gt;24 months) in pts with PI3K pathway dysregulated tumors (N=9/51), 5/9 with ER+, 1/9 with HER2+ breast cancer. Here, we present data from patients (pts) receiving treatment with a special drug delivery system of BEZ235 (SDS) with improved PK properties (Cao SABCS 2010). Results: 22 pts have been treated with BEZ235 SDS capsule at 3 dose levels (qd): 400 mg (5); 800 mg (6), 1000 mg (11). Median age was 56 years. The most common tumor types among pts enrolled were: breast cancer (4), CRC (4) and NSCLC (3). 2/22 pts were treated for &amp;gt;3 cycles, 16/22 pts progressed within the first three cycles of treatment. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is 1000 mg/d. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included: 2 Grade (G)3 fatigue (800 mg and 1000 mg) and 1 G3 skin rash (at 1000 mg). The most common treatment-related AEs included: fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting (G1-3). Preliminary PK data showed a slow absorption rate, Cmax at ∼6 h post-dose (range 2-8 h). The elimination halflife is ∼6 h across doses and visits. Steady state was reached after 8 days of treatment; the mean (SD) exposures at steady state (AUC, rss) for the dose of 400, 800, and 1000 mg/d were 8864 (12210), 19060 (19860), 46010 (36150) ng*h/mL, respectively. The exposure across dose levels (AUC0- 24, SS) was above the exposure required for tumor stasis in PI3K pathway dysregulated tumors, estimated based on CT measurements in patients(Bottino SABCS 2010). Currently, the efficacy of BEZ235 SDS, alone and in combination with trastuzumab, in patients with PIK3CA mutated breast cancer is investigated. As of today 1 clinical PR was observed with BEZ235+trastuzumab in a patient with breast cancer (HER2+, PIK3CA mutated, trastuzumab refractory) with brain and peripheral metastases. Conclusions: BEZ235 SDS treatment is well tolerated. The MTD is 1000 mg/d. Available PD and efficacy data show that BEZ235 is active in breast cancer (especially PI3K pathway dysregulated tumors). Phase II studies in breast cancer combining BEZ235 SDS with other agents will start soon. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-15-07.
Front Matter: Volume 8633 (2013)

This paper outlines the challenges and benefits of applying silicon-based photonic techniques in the 2 to 5 m midinfrared (MIR) wavelength range for chem.-bio-physical sensing, medical diagnostics, industrial process control, environmental monitoring, secure communications, Ladar, active imaging, and high-speed communications at 2 m. Onchip passive and active components, mostly waveguided, will enable opto-electronic CMOS or BiCMOS integrated "circuits" for system-on-a-chip applications such as spectroscopy and lab-on-a-chip. Volume manufacture in a silicon foundry is expected to yield low-cost (or even disposable) chips with benefits in size-weight-power and ruggedness. This is "long-wavelength optoelectronic integration on silicon" which we call LIOS. Room temperature operation appears feasible, albeit with performance compromises at 4 to 5 m. In addition to the electronics layer (which may include RF wireless), a 3-D LIOS chip can include several inter-communicating layers utilizing the photonic, plasmonic, photoniccrystal and opto-electro-mechanical technologies. The LIOS challenge can be met by ( This paper presents proposals for MIR chip spectrometers employing frequency-comb and Ge blackbody sources. Active heterostructures employing Si, Ge, SiGe, GeSn and SiGeSn are key for laser diodes, photodetectors, LEDs, switches, amplifiers, and modulators that provide totally monolithic foundry integration, while numerous III-V semiconductor MIR devices within the InGaAsSb and InGaAsP families offer practical hybrid integration on Si PICs. Interband cascade and quantum cascade lasers on Ge waveguides are important in this context.
Blanked aperture array for parallel electron beam lithography (1997)

The blanked aperture array (BAA) is a technique for improving the throughput of electron beam lithography tools by utilizing a much larger fraction of the electron source current than single probe forming systems. The fabrication of a BAA employs standard MEMS processing. Equations are derived which optimize the blanker performance under specified constraints on source emittance and brightness and blanker modulation frequency. An electron optics column is designed to illuminate the BAA and image it onto the target. For 0.1 μm lithography at 50 kV, an objective working distance of 30 mm and a 5 mrad convergence angle, a total current of 1 μa can be delivered to the target before beam blurring due to Coulomb interactions becomes unacceptable. An electron source of brightness 2×106 A/cm2/Ω and emittance 24 μm mrad can deliver this current through a 660 beamlet BAA at a 100 MHz modulation rate.
Facile synthesis of accordion-like porous carbon from waste PET bottles-based MIL-53(Al) and its application for high-performance Zn-ion capacitor (2023)

It is of great scientific and economic value to recycle waste poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into high-value PET-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and further convert it into porous carbon for green energy storage applications. In the present study, a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal process was developed to direct recycle waste PET bottles into MIL-53(Al) with a 100% conversation, then the MOF-derived porous carbon was assembled into electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. The results indicated that the as-synthesized carbon exhibited high SSA of 1712 m2 g−1 and unique accordion-like structure with hierarchical porosity. Benefit to these advantageous characters, the assembled three-electrode supercapacitor displayed high specific capacitances of 391 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1 and good rate capability of 73.6% capacitance retention at 20 A g−1 in 6M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, the assembled zinc ion capacitor still revealed outstanding capacitance of 335 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent cycling stability of 92.2% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles and ultra-high energy density of 150.3 Wh kg−1 at power density of 90 W kg−1 in 3M ZnSO4 electrolyte. It is believed that the current work provides a facile and effective strategy to recycle PET waste into high-valuable MOF, and further expands the applications of MOF-derived carbons for high-performance energy storage devices, so it is conducive to both pollution alleviation and sustainable economic development.
Polymer waveguide module for visible wavelength division multiplexing plastic optical fiber communication (2005)

We report a polymer waveguide module that provides bidirectional communication over a single plastic optical fiber (POF) with dual visible wavelength LEDs. The module is constructed using light-induced self-written waveguides, which enables a three-dimensional optical circuit for visible wavelength division multiplexing to be fabricated by an extremely simple process. We demonstrated 250?Mbits?s communication using a pair of these modules that each contained one green (?=495?nm) and one red (?=650?nm) LEDs by measuring the bit error rates. The results indicate that the system could transmit over more than 20?m of POF in full duplex mode.
Interaction of F2 excimer laser pulses with hydroxy groups in SiO2 glass: Hydrogen bond formation and bleaching of vacuum ultraviolet absorption edge (2001)

Excitation of vacuum ultraviolet absorption band of SiOH groups by F2 excimer laser photons (7.9 eV) was performed for synthetic SiO2 glasses. Irradiation induced two concurrent optical changes; red-shift of SiOH infrared absorption band and bleaching of vacuum ultraviolet absorption edge which is primarily controlled by SiOH absorption. These optical changes have the same origin, that is, the structural alternation of SiOH from isolated to metastable hydrogen-bonded states. The F2-induced hydrogen-bonded state was thermally stable to ∼300 °C and the kinetic barrier for the thermal relaxation was ∼1.7 eV. The formation of hydrogen-bonded state proceeded via one-photon absorption processes for F2 laser irradiation, but did not occur for ArF laser (6.4 eV) irradiation. This F2-induced hydrogen-bonded state is distinguished from laser-induced compacted state because the latter occurs for ArF or F2 laser irradiations via two-photon absorption processes.
Reconfigurable, Intelligent, and SustainableWireless Environments for 6G\n Smart Connectivity (2021)

Various visions on the forthcoming sixth Generation (6G) networks point\ntowards flexible connect-and-compute technologies to support future innovative\nservices and the corresponding use cases. 6G should be capable to accommodate\never-evolving and heterogeneous applications, future regulations, and diverse\nuser-, service-, and location-based requirements. A key element towards\nbuilding smart and energy sustainable wireless systems beyond 5G is the\nReconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), which offers programmable control and\nshaping of the wireless propagation environment.\n Capitalizing on this technology potential, in this article we introduce two\nnew concepts: i) wireless environment as a service, which leverages a novel\nRIS-empowered networking paradigm to trade off diverse, and usually\nconflicting, connectivity objectives; and ii) performance-boosted areas enabled\nby RIS-based connectivity, representing competing service provisioning areas\nthat are highly spatially and temporally focused. We discuss the key\ntechnological enablers and research challenges with the proposed networking\nparadigm, and highlight the potential profound role of RISs in the recent Open\nRadio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture.\n
Potential applications of Post-Consumer Vinyl Flex Banner (PCVFB) materials: sustainable management approach (2021)

In the present review, the consideration has paid on various possible applications of post-consumer polyvinyl chloride flex banners (vinyl flex banners), focusing on their process chemistry, process parameters, and methodologies. The vinyl flex banners are mainly composed of calcium carbonate, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyester fabric, plasticisers and additives. From the intensive literature search, it is observed that post-consumer vinyl flex banner (PCVFB) materials have the potential to use in various fields. The PCVFB materials can be reused as received for various possible applications, such as water-proof roof covers, vehicle covers, food grain covers, tarpaulins, sitting mats, bags, etc. Critically, they can be recycled by using suitable preparation process for different applications, such as footwear, geotextiles, canal linings, ropes, and pipes. Further, the PCVFB material can be used as one of the ingredients for concrete materials. To the finest of our information, it can be further suggested that there is a scope to prepare low-cost wood-plastic composites (WPC), and adhesive/glue material from PCVFB for diverse applications. The use of PCVFB for various possible applications can reduce the accumulation of solid waste and can provide a cleaner and greener environment.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection Test Agreement in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016)

In the largest population-based sample of concurrently performed TST and QFT tests in a low tuberculosis incidence population, prevalence estimates depended heavily on how LTBI was defined and test agreement was only fair. We identified several predictors of discordance warranting further study.
Simultaneous Realization of High EQE of 30%, Low Drive Voltage, and Low Efficiency Roll‐Off at High Brightness in Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs (2015)

A blue organic light-emitting device that simultaneously realizes a driving voltage of 3.25 V, external quantum efficiency of 30%, and a power efficiency of 78 lm W−1 at 1000 cd m−2 is developed. By using a mixed-host system, the device shows ≈1.4 times higher power efficiency than that of the corresponding double emission layer at a high brightness. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effects of Ventricular Automatic Capture on Pacemaker Longevity (2005)

&lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Objective&lt;/st&gt; Ventricular Automatic Capture (VAC) is thought to increase device longevity by reducing the pacing safety margin. We evaluated the effect of the GUIDANT VAC technology on longevity in dual chamber rate responsive pacemakers. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Methods&lt;/st&gt; 87 patients, 69.8�13.6 years indicated for DDDR pacing received an INSIGNIA I Ultra DR pacemaker with VAC technology and had a follow-up after 3 months (3 MFU). 29 different lead types from 9 manufacturers were used. Measured ventricular pacing threshold, lead impedance, %A/V-paced, and average pacing rate were used to calculate expected device longevity. Comparisons were made with the assumption that the VAC-Off ventricular amplitude would have been programmed to 2x the 3-MFU measured threshold, but at least 2.5V. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Results&lt;/st&gt; Atrial: % pacing: 42�35, lead impedance: 510.7�188.2W, pacing voltage: 2.9�0.9V. Ventricular: % pacing 80�32, lead impedance: 649.9�218.6W, pacing voltage: 1.2�0.3V. Ventricular pacing amplitude using VAC was 1.2�0.3V and without VAC 2.5�0.2V (p&lt;0.01). There was a significant increase in projected device longevity between VAC-On (7.2�0.7 years) and VAC-Off (6.8�0.8 years) (p&lt;0.01). &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Conclusion&lt;/st&gt; VAC may result in increased battery longevity over a wide range of ventricular leads. &lt;/sec&gt;
Small moving object detection in video sequences (2002)

In this paper, we propose a method for detection of small moving objects in video. We first eliminate the camera motion using motion compensation. We then use an adaptive predictor to estimate the current pixel using neighboring pixels in the motion compensated image and, in this way, obtain a residual error image. Small moving objects appear as outliers in the residual image and are detected using a statistical Gaussianity detection test based on higher order statistics. It turns out that in general, the distribution of the residual error image pixels is almost Gaussian. On the other hand, the distribution of the pixels in the residual image deviates from Gaussianity in the existence of outliers. Simulation examples are presented.
Role of TGF‐Beta in Normal Differentiation and Oncogenesis in Rat Liver (1989)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is capable of eliciting a myriad of biological responses associated with cellular proliferation, as well as effects unrelated to the control of cell growth. We examined the possible role of TGF-beta 1 in the differentiation of rat liver epithelial (RLE) cells in vitro and studied the cellular distribution of TGF-beta 1 transcripts and protein during in vivo differentiation of oval cells. Furthermore, we followed the cellular distribution of TGF-beta 1 transcripts and protein during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. By using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, we showed that both TGF-beta 1 transcripts and protein are localized in nonparenchymal cells in normal liver, are expressed in oval cells during very early stages of hepatocytic differentiation in vivo, and are exclusively expressed in the nontumorous mesenchymal cell compartment during hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, we showed that TGF-beta 1 is capable of inducing differentiation of RLE cells in vitro consistent with early stages of hepatocytic lineage differentiation. Our data indicate that the RLE cells similar to the oval cells in vivo may be an epithelial progenitor cell for hepatocytic cell lineage in adult mammalian liver.
Detection of plasmid in cycloparaffin-utilizing bacterium, Nocardia sp. and its participation in cycloketone utilization. (1988)

On electrophoresis of plasmid on agarose gel, a plasmid band (pCN-1) was observed in a sample strain of Nocardia sp. KUC-7N. This band was capable of assimilating various cycloparaffin as the sole carbon source. Transfer of the plasmid by transformation to Rhodococcus rhodochrous IFO 3338 cells gave a transformant capable of utilizing cycloketones, and a plasmid band (pCN-1) was observed in the transformant. This result shows that the utilization on cycloketones is determined by the plasmid in Nocardia sp. KUC-7N.
Specificity of mutagenesis by 4-aminobiphenyl. A possible role for N-(deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl as a premutational lesion. (1988)

Mutagenesis by N-acetoxy-N-trifluoroacetyl-4-aminobiphenyl, a reactive form of the human bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), was studied in Escherichia coli virus M13mp10. N-acetoxy-N-trifluoroacetyl-4-ABP-treated DNA containing 140 lesions/duplex genome, when introduced into excision repair-competent cells induced for SOS mutagenic processing, resulted in a 40-fold increase in mutation frequency over background in the lacZ alpha gene fragment. DNA sequence changes were determined for 20 independent mutants. G-C base pairs were the major targets for base pair substitution mutations, although significant mutagenic activity was also observed at certain A-T base pairs. Deletion and frameshift mutations also were found in this sample. The salient feature of this partial "mutational spectrum" was a hotspot that occurred at position 6357 (amino acid 30 of the beta-galactosidase fragment encoded by M13mp10); this A-T to T-A transversion appeared in 6 of the 20 mutants. The property of ABP to mutate A-T base pairs was consistent with the result that N-hydroxy-ABP reverted Salmonella typhimurium strain TA104, which is presumed to revert primarily due to mutations at these sites. The ability of the major carcinogen-DNA adduct formed by ABP in vivo and in vitro, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl, to cause base pair substitution mutations was also investigated. This adduct was positioned specifically in the minus strand at position 6270 in duplex M13mp10 DNA. In the presence of the mutagenesis-enhancing plasmid pGW16 and UV induction of SOS mutagenic processing, it was shown that fewer than 0.02% of the adducts resulted in transition or transversion mutations following transfection of DNA into excision-repair competent cells. Similar results were obtained in uvrA and uvrC backgrounds. Although the major adduct did not cause base substitution mutations under these experimental conditions, the contribution of this lesion to the entire spectrum of mutations in the lacZ alpha fragment seems likely.
Ribaxamase, an orally administered β-lactamase, protects the gut microbiome in patients treated with ceftriaxone (2020)

Ribaxamase is an orally delivered -lactamase intended to be co-administered with intravenous -lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins) to protect the gut microbiome from excess antibiotics excreted into the gastrointestinal tract. In a placebo-controlled, multinational Phase 2b proof-of-concept clinical study, ribaxamase significantly reduced the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection in patients treated with ceftriaxone for a lower respiratory tract infection. Patients could also receive treatment with macrolides at the discretion of the clinician. During the clinical study, three sequential fecal samples were collected for analysis of the gut microbiome and microbiologic determination of intestinal colonization by certain pathogens. Changes in the gut microbiome were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Ribaxamase significantly ameliorated the loss of alpha and beta diversity as compared with the placebo group. During the clinical study, significantly more placebo patients became newly colonized with vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), and the present microbiome analysis determined that significantly more placebo patients also became monodominated by enterococci (15 vs. 4). Notably, VRE-colonized patients had a significant reduction in gut microbiome alpha diversity as compared with non-colonized patients. These data demonstrate that ribaxamase limited antibiotic-mediated damage to the gut microbiome in patients treated with ceftriaxone and support further clinical development. Ribaxamase is a unique gut microbiome protectant intended to reduce opportunistic infections like C. difficile in patients receiving IV -lactam antibiotics.