gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pazopanib in Metastatic Renal Cancer: A “Real-World” Experience at National Cancer Institute “Fondazione G. Pascale” (2016)

Pazopanib is an oral angiogenesis inhibitor, currently approved for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and soft tissue sarcoma. The present study analyzed the outcomes of pazopanib in first-line treatment of mRCC, in a single Italian cancer center. In the light of the retrospective, observational nature and the unselected population, our experience can be defined a "real-world" study. The medical records of 38 mRCC patients treated with front-line pazopanib were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The progression free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS) were the primary endpoints, while secondary objectives included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment tolerability. Pazopanib achieved a median PFS (mPFS) of 12.7 months (95% CI, 6.9-18.5 months). The median OS (mOS) was 26.2 months (95% CI, 12.6-39.9 months); the observed ORR and DCR were 30.3 and 72.7%, respectively, with a median duration of response of 11 weeks. mPFS appeared not to be influenced by number of co-morbidities (< 3 vs. ≥3), gender, Fuhrman grade and age. Conversely, the ORR and the DCR positively affect the mPFS (HR = 0.05 [95% CI, 0.05-0.55], p = 0.01; HR = 0.10 [95% CI, 0.02-0.43], p = 0.002, respectively). A worse outcome was associated with a lower mPFS in patients with liver metastases (p = 0.2) and with a high tumor burden (number of metastatic sites < 6 vs. ≥6) (p = 0.08). Worst OS was observed in patients aged ≥70 years old (HR = 6.91 [95% CI, 1.49-31.91], p = 0.01). The treatment was well-tolerated: no grade 4 adverse events, nor discontinuation due to toxicities was reported. Grade 3 hypertension affected positively the OS reaching the statistical significance (HR = 0.22 [95% CI, 0.05-0.8], p = 0.03). Thyroid dysfunction (hypo and hyperthyroidism) seems to correlate with better outcome in terms of a longer mPFS (HR = 0.12 [95% CI, 0.02-0.78], p = 0.02). Our results are consistent with those reported in prospective phase III trials and the published retrospective "real world" experiences. This analysis confirms the safety and efficacy of pazopanib in first-line setting, both in frail patients with multiple co-morbidities and Karnofsky PS < 80% and in younger, healthier patients with a number of metastatic sites < 6.
Bexarotene treatment does not clear β-Amyloid in an AD mouse model and Beagle dogs (2013)

Background In our aging society Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is becoming more and more prevalent while effective symptomatic therapeutics remain limited and no cure is available. ApoE4 is the most important genetic risk factor for AD. Previous results by Cramer et al. [1] showed that Bexarotene treatment reduced Ab in the brain of wild type and AD model mice via an apoE-mediated clearance mechanism. Bexarotene, an RXR agonist, is an FDA approved drug for cutaneous T cell lymphoma and hence a preferred candidate for clinical testing. In this study we attempted to replicate the data by Cramer et al. [1].
Beyond “Miracles” and Total Factor Productivity: The Singapore Experience (1996)

Neither neoclassical nor new growth theories have satisfactorily explained the growth phenomenon observed in East Asia. Paul Krugman's depiction of East Asian economies as sausage makers based on Alwyn Young's measures of total factor productivity (TFP) has brought about a contrarian view to the East Asian miracle. The prognosis from dismal TFP growth implies that economies like Singapore will slow down as its reserves of factor inputs are exhausted. We observe that adaptative factor improvements often missed out in measure ment of factor productivity may have led to an oversimplification of growth by perspira tion rather than by inspiration. A more insightful reworking of growth data in Singapore suggests that Krugman fs thesis may have been overly pessimistic. Comparisons drawn with Hong Kong in particular are misleading as the two city-states are quite unlike in many aspects. In the final analysis, Singapore's growth prospects can be maintained. Higher factor productivity and a more matured economy underpinned by continued sound economic policies and regional stability are the most crucial considerations.
Theory and Simulations of an End Stop Solution in a Linear Wave Power Generator (2013)

Wave energy converters of point absorber type have been developed and constructed. Full scale experiments have been carried out at sea and electricity has been successfully delivered. Linear permanent magnet generators together with a subsea substation and buoys of various geometric shapes have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The design has in large extent an electronic approach, keeping the mechanical part of it as simple as possible, due to the long life span and reliability of electric components.Because of the nature of a linear generator, the internal translator with permanent magnets has a limited stroke length which will be reached when the buoy is exposed to large wave heights. Internal springs at the top and bottom of the generator prevent the translator from hitting the generator hull. Inertial forces due to the mass and velocity of the translator and the buoy and its heave added mass compresses the spring. The added mass is a rather large part of the total moving mass. Simulations of a converter with a vertical cylindrical buoy and with a toroidal buoy were conducted, as well as real sea experiments with converters with cylindrical buoys of two different sizes and a toroidal buoy. The overloads are likely to affect the design and service life of the generator, the buoy and the wire which interconnects them.Buoy shapes with as much excitation force as possible and as little heave added mass as possible were sought. A toroidal buoy caused less overloads on the generator at sea states with short wave periods and relatively large wave height, but for sea states with very long wave periods or extremely high waves, the magnitude of the overloads was mainly determined by the maximum displacement of the buoy.Snap loads on the interconnecting wire, as the slack wire tensed up after a very deep wave trough, were found to be greater but of the same order of magnitude as forces during the rest of the wave cycle.During a 4 day period at various wave conditions, two converters with cylindrical buoys proved efficiency between 11.1 % and 24.4 %. The larger buoy had 78 % larger water plane area than the other buoy which resulted in 11 % more power production. Short wave period was beneficial for the power production.Infinite frequency heave added mass was measured for a cylindrical buoy at real sea and found to be greater than the linearly calculated theoretical added mass.
Lymphocyte transfusions prevent diabetes in the Bio-Breeding/Worcester rat. (1984)

The Bio-Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rat develops spontaneous autoimmune diabetes similar to human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Transfusions of whole blood from the nondiabetic W-line of BB/W rats prevent the syndrome in diabetes-prone recipients. We report three experiments designed to determine which blood component is protective. In all experiments, diabetes-prone BB/W rats 23 to 35 d of age were given four or six weekly intravenous injections. In the first experiment, animals received either saline or transfusions of erythrocytes, white blood cells, or plasma from W-line donors. Diabetes occurred in 7/22 (32%) erythrocyte, 2/27 (7%) white cell, 14/24 (58%) plasma, and 15/27 (56%) saline recipients (P less than 0.001). At 120 d of age, peripheral blood was obtained from nondiabetic rats. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of OX 19 tagged leucocytes revealed 35% T lymphocytes in white cell recipients (n = 13), compared with 9% in saline recipients (n = 7; P less than 0.001). Responsiveness to concanavalin A was also increased in the white cell group, whereas the frequency of both insulitis and thyroiditis was decreased. In the second experiment, 1/19 (5%) rats transfused with W-line spleen cells developed diabetes, as contrasted with 12/18 (67%) recipients of diabetes-prone spleen cells and 19/31 (61%) noninjected controls (P less than 0.001). In the third experiment, diabetes-prone rats received either W-line blood treated with a cytotoxic anti-T lymphocyte antibody plus complement, untreated blood, or saline. Diabetes occurred in 8/20 (40%), 1/20 (5%), and 13/19 (68%) rats in each group, respectively (P less than 0.001). We conclude that transfusions of W-line T lymphocytes prevent diabetes in the BB/W rat.
Enzymatic Esterification in Aqueous Miniemulsions (2009)

Monoesters of various linear carboxylic acids (C7-C12) with omega-phenyl-labeled primary alcohols (C1-C5) were synthesized in aqueous miniemulsions with various lipases as biocatalysts. The reactants were dispersed in an aqueous solution of a nonionic surfactant to form long-term stable miniemulsions. The esterification of all of the systems could be catalyzed by the applied enzyme and yielded significant conversions of about 90%. The hydrophilicity of the reactants and the specificity of the enzyme toward the substrates determine the reaction velocity and the final conversion. As a model system the reaction of nonanoic acid and 3-phenylpropanol was extensively studied. Among various lipases, Lipase PS was determined to be the most effective, and for this reaction the parameters were optimized. A maximum conversion of 80% could be obtained in less than one hour of reaction time. In comparison with an acid-catalyzed esterification performed in miniemulsion with the same reaction parameters, the enzyme-catalyzed reaction showed a significantly faster conversion. The reactions proved that the application of the miniemulsion technique enables efficient direct enzyme-catalyzed esterification reactions from carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of large amounts of water.
Nanographene: ultrastabile, schaltbare und helle Sonden für die hochauflösende Mikroskopie (2019)

Abstract Die hochauflösende Fluoreszenzmikroskopie hat viele wichtige Entdeckungen in der Biologie und den Materialwissenschaften ermöglicht. Die Implementierungen der hochauflösenden Fluoreszenzmikroskopie, wie die Einzelmolekül‐Lokalisationsmikroskopie (SMLM) und die Minimalemissionsfluss‐Mikroskopie (MINFLUX) im Lokalisierungsmodus, nutzen Fluorophore, die blinken, d. h. stochastisch ein‐ und ausgeschaltet werden. Hier präsentieren wir Nanographene – große polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, die auch als atomar präzise Graphenquantenpunkte betrachtet werden können – als eine neue Klasse von Fluorophoren für die hochauflösende Fluoreszenzmikroskopie. Nanographene weisen hervorragende photophysikalische Eigenschaften auf: intrinsisches Blinken auch an Luft, ausgezeichnete Fluoreszenzrückgewinnung und Stabilität über mehrere Monate. Als Eignungsnachweis für hochauflösende Anwendungen verwenden wir Nanographene in SMLM, um hochaufgelöste 3D‐Bilder von Siliciumdioxid‐Nanorissen zu erzeugen. Unsere Ergebnisse öffnen die Tür für die breite Anwendung von Nanographen in der hochauflösenden Fluoreszenzmikroskopie.
Modeling and Assaying Dioxin-Like Biological Effects for both Dioxin-Like and Certain Non-Dioxin–Like Compounds (2007)

13C NMR data have been correlated to Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) of the 29 PCDDs, PCDFs, or PCBs for which non-zero TEFs have been defined. Such correlations are called quantitative spectrometric data-activity relationship (QSDAR) models. An improved QSDAR model predicted TEFs of 0.037 and 0.004, respectively, for 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 1,2,3,4,7-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), both among the 390 congeners for which zero value TEFs are assumed. A QSDAR model of Relative Potency (REP) values estimated the corresponding values as 0.115 and 0.020. Results from both models indicated that these two congeners may exhibit significant dioxin-like toxicity. If other such congeners have non-zero toxicity, TEF-based risk assessments of some dioxin-, furan-, or PCB-contaminated sites or foods may underestimate toxicity. Both models were extensively cross-validated and the TEF model was externally validated. We confirmed the predictions by an independent in vitro method, a luciferase gene expression assay based on mouse liver cells that found REPs of 0.027 and 0.013, respectively, for 1,3,7,8-TCDD and 1,2,3,4,7-PeCDD. The QSDAR-estimated and gene-expression assayed values agreed. The models were used to predict activity for an applicability domain including 108 non-2,3,7,8 dioxin, furan, or PCB congeners and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorophenothiazine, a dioxin analog proposed as a drug candidate. This study showed that QSDAR prediction followed by a relatively inexpensive in vitro assay could be used to nominate a few candidates among hundreds for further investigation. It suggested that in silico and in vitro nomination protocols may facilitate practical risk assessment when chemical family members exhibit different degrees of toxicity operating via a common mechanism.
Le pouvoir sans la responsabilité (2005)

La plupart des elus locaux n’acceptent pas de se soumettre a une evaluation pluraliste. Proposees par le projet de loi relatif aux responsabilites locales defendu par le gouvernement et concues comme autant de contreparties a l’accroissement des competences, des effectifs et des ressources budgetaires des collectivites locales, la generalisation de l’evaluation des politiques publiques locales et la creation d’une instance nationale d’evaluation ont ete rejetees par le Parlement a l’initiative du Senat. Ce rejet temoigne d’une conception singuliere de la democratie dans laquelle la liberte des executifs locaux doit l’emporter sur leur responsabilite vis-a-vis des citoyens. Il suggere que la “Republique des proximites” s’inscrit bien dans “l’horizon indepas-sable” de la democratie representative.
Detecting and Quantifying Ataxia-Related Motor Impairments in Rodents Using Markerless Motion Tracking With Deep Neural Networks (2020)

In this study we evaluate the application of video-based markerless motion tracking based on deep neural networks for the analysis of ataxia-specific movement abnormalities in rodent models of cerebellar ataxia. Based on a small amount (<100) of manually labeled video frames, markerless motion tracking enabled the extraction of movement trajectories and parameters characterizing ataxia-specific movement abnormalities. In the first experiment, we analyzed videos of 6 shaker and 4 wildtype rats and were able to reproduce thê5 Hz tremor frequency in the shaker rat without the usage of a force plate. In the second experiment, we investigated a spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) mouse model (6 mice aged 3 months and 3 mice aged 9 months) in a beam-balancing task. By establishing a parameter for the assessment of rhythmicity of gait (RoG), we not only found a significantly higher RoG in wildtype mice compared to affected SCA3 mice aged 9 months, but were also able to reveal a significantly lower than typical RoG in SCA3 mice aged 3 months which exhibit no abnormalities in visual inspection. These prototypical results suggest the capability of the presented methods for the application in upcoming therapeutic intervention trials to identify subtle changes in movement behavior.
An Optimal Scale for Edge Detection. (1987)

Many problems in ea.rly vision are ill posed . Edge detection is a, typical example. This paper applies regularization techniques to the problem of edge detection. We derive a.n optimal filter for edge detection with a size controlled by the regularization parameter A and compare it to the Gaussian filter. A formula relating the signal-to-noise ra,tio to the pa,rameter A is derived from regularization analysis for the case of small values of A. We also discuss the method of Generalized Cross Validation for obtaining the optimal filter scale. Finally, we use our fra,mework to explain two perceptual phenomena: coarsely qua,ntized images becoming recognizable by either blurring or adding noise.
Figure S14 from Pharmacologic Properties and Preclinical Activity of Sasanlimab, A High-affinity Engineered Anti-Human PD-1 Antibody (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 14 shows that sasanlimab blocks the binding of human PD-1 to its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, by SPR analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Quantum Networks with Artificial Atoms in Scalable Photonic Circuits: Architecture Designs to Proof of Concept Systems (2021)

The central challenge in building quantum computers and long-range quantum networks is distributing entanglement across multiple individually-controllable quantum memories. While proof-of-concept experiments are possible with today’s optical components, scaling these systems to tens, hundreds, or thousands of individually controllable quantum memories requires very-large-scale integration of electronic and photonic circuits.
<title>Depth judgments in a see-through head-mounted display</title> (1997)

The goals of this research are to measure accuracy and precision of depth perception of 3D objects in se-through head-mounted displays for near-field visualization and to set benchmarks for current technology. In this paper we present results on accuracy and precision of perceived depth for stimuli of various forms presented either in a side by side or in a top-bottom configuration. A finding of these experiment is the unexpected relatively high human subject variability measured which we postulate to be correlated with aspects of the methodology used. Further investigations on methodology related to these types of experiments are being conducted. Finally, we report a new benchmark for the precision of perceived depth of 7 mm.
Phase-matched Fresnel reflectors for fan-out applications (1993)

In this paper, a novel kind of focusing fan-out element is introduced. It is a single planar optical element based on an area sharing arrangement of different types of phase-matched Fresnel elements. Design considerations and first experimental results for transmissive and reflective focusing fan-out elements are presented.
Slowness and sparseness for unsupervised learning of spatial and object codes from naturalistic data (2008)

Diese Doktorarbeit führt ein hierarchisches Modell für das unüberwachte Lernen aus quasi-natürlichen Videosequenzen ein. Das Modell basiert auf den Lernprinzipien der Langsamkeit und Spärlichkeit, für die verschiedene Ansätze und Implementierungen vorgestellt werden. Eine Vielzahl von Neuronentypen im Hippocampus von Nagern und Primaten kodiert verschiedene Aspekte der räumlichen Umgebung eines Tieres. Dazu gehören Ortszellen (place cells), Kopfrichtungszellen (head direction cells), Raumansichtszellen (spatial view cells) und Gitterzellen (grid cells). Die Hauptergebnisse dieser Arbeit basieren auf dem Training des hierarchischen Modells mit Videosequenzen aus einer Virtual-Reality-Umgebung. Das Modell reproduziert die wichtigsten räumlichen Codes aus dem Hippocampus. Die Art der erzeugten Repräsentationen hängt hauptsächlich von der Bewegungsstatistik des simulierten Tieres ab. Das vorgestellte Modell wird außerdem auf das Problem der invaranten Objekterkennung angewandt, indem Videosequenzen von simulierten Kugelhaufen oder Fischen als Stimuli genutzt wurden. Die resultierenden Modellrepräsentationen erlauben das unabhängige Auslesen von Objektidentität, Position und Rotationswinkel im Raum.
The case for semantic aware remote replication (2006)

This paper argues that the network latency due to synchronous replication is no longer tolerable in scenarios where businesses are required by regulation to separate their secondary sites from the primary by hundreds of miles. We propose a semantic-aware remote replication system to meet the contrasting needs of both system efficiency and safe remote replication with tight recovery-point and recovery-time objectives. Using experiments conducted on a commercial replication system and on a Linux file system we show that (i) unlike synchronous replication, asynchronous replication is relatively insensitive to network latency, and (ii) applications such as databases already intelligently deal with the weak persistency semantics offered by modern file systems. Our proposed system attempts to use asynchronous replication whenever possible and uses application/file-system "signals" to maintain synchrony between the primary and secondary sites. We present a high-level design of our system and discuss several potential challenges that need to be addressed in such a system.
PO-145 ERK5 pathway inhibitors inhibit the maintenance of chronic myeloid leukaemia stem cells (2018)

This is the fist bug-free, fully working release with MS5611 class, arduino v1.5 compatible
Oxygen reduction reaction at MWCNT-modified nanoscale iron(ii) tetrasulfophthalocyanine: remarkable performance over platinum and tolerance toward methanol in alkaline medium (2015)

A novel nanoscale iron(<sc>ii</sc>) tetrasulfophthalocyanine complex catalyzes oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium more efficiently than the expensive state-of-the-art Pt catalyst.
The ribose methylation enzyme FTSJ1 has a conserved role in neuron morphology and learning performance (2021)

ABSTRACT FTSJ1 is a conserved human 2’-O-methyltransferase (Nm-MTase) that modifies several transfer RNAs (tRNAs) at position 32 and the wobble position 34 in the AntiCodon Loop (ACL). Its loss of function has been linked to Non-Syndromic X-Linked Intellectual Disability (NSXLID), and more recently to cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathologies are currently unclear. Here we report a novel FTSJ1 pathogenic variant from a NSXLID patient. Using blood cells derived from this patient and other affected individuals carrying FTSJ1 mutations, we performed an unbiased and comprehensive RiboMethSeq analysis to map the ribose methylation (Nm) on all human tRNAs and identify novel targets. In addition, we performed a transcriptome analysis in these cells and found that several genes previously associated with intellectual disability and cancers were deregulated. We also found changes in the miRNA population that suggest potential cross-regulation of some miRNAs with these key mRNA targets. Finally, we show that differentiation of FTSJ1-depleted human neuronal progenitor cells (NPC) into neurons displays long and thin spine neurites compared to control cells. These defects are also observed in Drosophila and are associated with long term memory deficit in this organism. Altogether, our study adds insight into FTSJ1 pathologies in human and flies by the identification of novel FTSJ1 targets and the defect in neuron morphology.