gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody-based delivery of interleukin-9 to neovascular structures: Therapeutic evaluation in cancer and arthritis (2021)

Interleukin-9 is a cytokine with multiple functions, including the ability to activate group 2 innate lymphoid cells, which has been postulated to be therapeutically active in mouse models of arthritis. Similarly, interleukin-9 has been suggested to play an important role in tumor immunity. Here, we describe the cloning, expression, and characterization of three fusion proteins based on murine interleukin-9 and the F8 antibody, specific to the alternatively spliced EDA domain of fibronectin. EDA is strongly expressed in cancer and in various arthritic conditions, while being undetectable in the majority of healthy organs. Interleukin-9-based fusion proteins with an irrelevant antibody specific to hen egg lysozyme served as negative control in our study. The fusion proteins were characterized by quantitative biodistribution analysis in tumor-bearing mice using radioiodinated protein preparations. The highest tumor uptake and best tumor:organ ratios were observed for a format, in which the interleukin-9 moiety was flanked by two units of the F8 antibody in single-chain Fv format. Biological activity of interleukin-9 was retained when the payload was fused to antibodies. However, the targeted delivery of interleukin-9 to the disease site resulted in a modest anti-tumor activity in three different murine models of cancer (K1735M2, CT26, and F9), while no therapeutic benefit was observed in a collagen induced model of arthritis. Collectively, these results confirm the possibility to deliver interleukin-9 to the site of disease but cast doubts about the alleged therapeutic activity of this cytokine in cancer and arthritis, which has been postulated in previous publications.
Low-cost planar MM-wave phased array antenna for use in mobile satellite (MSAT) platforms (2015)

In this paper, a compact 8×8 phased array antenna for mobile satellite (MSAT) devices is designed and investigated. 64-elements of 22 GHz patch antennas with coaxial-probe feeds have been used for the proposed planar design. The antenna is designed on a low-cost FR4 substrate with thickness, dielectric constant, and loss tangent of 0.8 mm, 4.3, and 0.025, respectively. The antenna exhibits good performance in terms of impedance-matching, gain and efficiency characteristics, even though it is designed using high loss substrate with compact dimension (Wsub×Lsub=55×55 mm2). The antenna has more than 23 dB realized gain and -0.8 dB radiation efficiency when its beam is tilted to 0° elevation. The center frequency of the designed array can be controlled by adjusting the values of the antenna parameters. Compared with the previous designs, the proposed planar phased array has the advantages of simple configuration, low-cost, low-profile, and easy fabrication. Simulations have been done to validate the feasibility of the proposed phased array antenna for MSAT applications.
D1. High frequency in-plane MEMS actuator (2015)

This work reports the design, implementation and testing of a parallel plate actuator providing an in-plane motion and achieving a travel range that is larger than 1.5 µm at a resonance frequency of 89.9 kHz, which indicate the high velocity the actuator can accommodate while being in resonance under atmospheric pressure. The modes of the micro-mechanical structure where analysed using the finite element ANSYS tool and the effect of the flexure structure non-linearity where taken into account program and minimized by the optimized design. A structure comprising the MEMS actuator and a micromirror is fabricated using the Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) technology on Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafer. The structure is characterized optically by counting the interferometric fringes formed in-between the micromirror surface and a standard single-mode fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
RNAi targeting multiple cell adhesion molecules reduces immune cell recruitment and vascular inflammation after myocardial infarction (2016)

Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to a systemic surge of vascular inflammation in mice and humans, resulting in secondary ischemic complications and high mortality. We show that, in ApoE−/− mice with coronary ligation, increased sympathetic tone up-regulates not only hematopoietic leukocyte production but also plaque endothelial expression of adhesion molecules. To counteract the resulting arterial leukocyte recruitment, we developed nanoparticle-based RNA interference (RNAi) that effectively silences five key adhesion molecules. Simultaneously encapsulating small interfering RNA (siRNA)–targeting intercellular cell adhesion molecules 1 and 2 (Icam1 and Icam2), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (Vcam1), and E- and P-selectins (Sele and Selp) into polymeric endothelial-avid nanoparticles reduced post-MI neutrophil and monocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions and decreased matrix-degrading plaque protease activity. Five-gene combination RNAi also curtailed leukocyte recruitment to ischemic myocardium. Therefore, targeted multigene silencing may prevent complications after acute MI.
Measurement of muon pairs produced via γγ scattering in nonultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2023)

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions the Lorentz-contracted electromagnetic fields of the nuclei are a source of high-energy quasireal photons which can produce muon pairs via the process $\ensuremath{\gamma}+\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. In hadronic Pb+Pb collisions the two leptons in the final state provide a sensitive probe of the quark-gluon plasma created in the Pb+Pb collision or the strong magnetic fields that the plasma generates. This work presents new measurements by the ATLAS collaboration at the LHC of the Pb+Pb collision centrality dependence of the angular decorrelation of muon pairs created via the $\ensuremath{\gamma}\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ process. Comparisons of the results to theoretical calculations suggest that the observed decorrelation in more central collisions results from an initial-state broadening of the photon transverse momenta and not from the interaction of the muons with the plasma or its magnetic field.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of a Long-Acting Broadly Neutralizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Monoclonal Antibody VRC01LS in HIV-1–Exposed Newborn Infants (2021)

VRC01LS was well tolerated with pharmacokinetics that support further studies of more potent long-acting bNAbs as adjunct treatment with antiretrovirals to prevent infant HIV-1 transmission.
Embodied One-Shot Video Recognition (2019)

One-shot learning aims to recognize novel target classes from few examples by transferring knowledge from source classes, under a general assumption that the source and target classes are semantically related but not exactly the same. Based on this assumption, recent work has focused on image-based one-shot learning, while little work has addressed video-based one shot learning. One of the challenges lies in that it is difficult to maintain the disjoint-class assumption for videos, since video clips of target classes may potentially appear in the videos of source classes. To address this issue, we introduce a novel setting, termed as embodied agents based one-shot learning, which leverages synthetic videos produced in a virtual environment to understand realistic videos of target classes. In this setting, we further propose two types of learning tasks: embodied one-shot video domain adaptation and embodied one-shot video transfer recognition. These tasks serve as a testbed for evaluating video related one-shot learning tasks. In addition, we propose a general video segment augmentation method, which significantly facilitates a variety of one-shot learning tasks. Experimental results validate the soundness of our setting and learning tasks, and also show the effectiveness of our augmentation approach to video recognition in the small-sample size regime.
Outcomes after Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis (2008)

Purpose: Severe ulcerative colitis (UC) requires inpatient admission and accounts for substantial resource utilization, including colectomy. Little data related to colectomy risk are available in the modern era, and whether anti-TNF and other therapies are altering disease course is unclear. We sought to describe clinical features and outcomes, including colectomy, and mortality, of UC patients requiring hospitalization for disease exacerbation. Methods: All UC patients admitted to the gastroenterology inpatient service at our institution between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2006 for disease activity were identified. (Patients admitted for planned surgery were excluded from the analysis.) Demographics and pertinent clinical features of the index hospitalization and the post-hospitalization course were recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with colectomy during the index hospitalization, and the Kaplan–Meier survival method was used to estimate survival free of colectomy following discharge from the index hospitalization. Results: A total of 281 UC patients were admitted for disease activity. Sixty percent were male and 86% Caucasian. Median age at hospitalization was 39.8 years, median disease duration was 18.2 months, and 25% reported a previous hospitalization elsewhere. Median length of stay at the index hospitalization was 9 days (2–38). Median follow-up in patients not undergoing a colectomy was 14.5 months. Overall, 275 patients were alive at last follow-up. No inpatient deaths occurred. One-hundred twenty-five patients (44%) underwent colectomy during the index hospitalization after a median duration of 6 days. Variables significantly associated with an index hospitalization colectomy included previous inpatient stay for UC (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.3), previous need for intravenous corticosteroids (OR, 2.1; 1.2–3.5), Hgb less than 12 g/dL (OR, 2.1; 1.3–3.3), endoscopic Baron score 3 or 4 (OR, 2.1; 1.3–3.5) and BMI < 25 relative to BMI > 30, (OR, 2.2; 1.1–4.2). Ten patients were treated with cyclosporine, and 7 (70%) required colectomy during hospitalization. Of the 8 patients who received infliximab, 3 (37.5%) required colectomy. Survival free of colectomy post-hospitalization was 64.3% at 1 yr (56.2%-73.5%), 57.1% at 2 yr (48.3%-67.3%), and 50.0% at 5 yrs (38.3%-64.0%). Conclusion: Acute severe UC led to colectomy during the same hospitalization in 44% at our institution over the past 10 years. Factors associated with early colectomy included previous hospitalization for UC, previous IV steroids, anemia, and endoscopically moderate to severe colitis. The natural history of acute severe colitis appears largely unchanged despite advances in medical practice.
Smaller Surface Acoustic Wave Duplexer for US Personal Communication Service Having Good Temperature Characteristics (2007)

Using a flattened SiO2/Cu electrode/36–48° LiTaO3 structure, a small (5×5 mm2) surface acoustic wave (SAW) duplexer with a good temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) for US personal communication services (PCS) was realized by the authors. However, a smaller duplexer is strongly required. Using the flip-chip bonding process of SAW chips and a Rayleigh SAW propagating on a flattened SiO2/Cu electrode/126–128° YX-LiNbO3 structure, which has a larger coupling factor than the above-mentioned substrate, a smaller (3×2.5 mm2) SAW duplexer with a good TCF was realized.
Tracking in-die mechanical stress through silicon embedded sensors for advanced packaging applications (2022)

Advanced IC’s built with recent technology nodes take advantage of the process induced mechanical stress, which is used as one of the transistor performance boosters. Modulation of the stress level, experienced by silicon chip, has significant impact on its performance and reliability. Therefore, monitoring of this stress through wafer manufacturing and packaging process is of high importance. We have developed an in-die-embedded stress sensor, testable with standard product test that can with help measuring and monitoring stress level in the die. The sensor design was demonstrated for multiple advanced FinFET technology nodes (< 14nm). We have confirmed high sensitivity across process corners and temperature with consistent results between electrical wafer sort (EWS) and final test (FT). The results from the mechanical stress sensors indicate that the stress non-uniformity across the wafer is preserved through wafer dicing/thinning/packaging process. Statistical analysis of the sensor results enables detection of wafer patterns and outlier identification at EWS and subsequent FT after assembly enables detection of abnormal mechanical stress changes due to packaging. This mechanical stress sensor provides differentiated data for EWS, FT, and Burn-In (BI) to create product relevant screening specs for improved product reliability and can provide an early alarm for the product reliability risk due to effects such as delamination or cracks. This sensor has been implemented in the PDF Solutions’ CV Core <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> system which enables for in-field tracking and analyzing the sensor signals to detect and mitigate the potentially disastrous reliability failures.
Comparing Stereometric Parameters Between Heidelberg Retinal Tomography 2 and 3 in Asian Eyes (2011)

There was good correlation between the 2 HRT versions and conversion equations were possible to calibrate HRT-3 parameters from HRT-2 measurements in Asian eyes. However, HRT-2 and HRT-3 showed significant differences in stereometric parameters. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of such differences and in comparative accuracy of HRT-2 versus HRT-3 for diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma.
An improved fast encoding method for vector quantization based on memory-efficient data structure (2005)

Within the framework of vector quantization (VQ), the fast search method is a key issue because it is the time bottleneck in the VQ encoding process. To speed up VQ some very effective fast search methods that are based on using statistical features (i.e. the mean, the variance and L/sub 2/ norm) of a k-dimensional vector have already been proposed. It is rather easy to obtain the mean of an input vector online. However. in order to obtain the variance of an input vector, it needs (2k-1) additions (/spl plusmn/), k multiplications (/spl times/) and once square root (sqrt) operation on-line. Similarly, to obtain the L/sub 2/ norm of an input vector, it also needs (k-l) additions (/spl plusmn/), k multiplications (/spl times/) and once square root (sqrt) operation on-line. Clearly, these operations are a rather heavy overhead in the search process. In addition, all computations in a search process must use real rather than integer value. For each codeword, three extra memories are necessary to store its features. To solve the overhead problem of computing the variance and L/sub 2/ norm of an input vector on-line and to make all computations in integer form possible, previous works proposed to use the sum and two partial sums only as features of a vector for reducing search space. But they need three extra memories as well for each codeword to store the features. In order to avoid this extra memory requirement this paper proposes a memory-efficient data structure for storing the sum, two partial sums and the original vector to further improve the previous works (Pan et al. (2002), (2003)). Meanwhile, a more efficient computation method for rejection tests is also developed. In addition, all computations can be realized in integer form. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed method outperforms the previous works.
Combination of Cyanine Behaviour and Giant Hyperpolarisability in Novel Merocyanine Dyes: Beyond the Bond Length Alternation (BLA) Paradigm (2015)

Merocyanine dyes that exhibit antithetic cyanine-like behaviour and giant first-order hyperpolarisability (β) values have been designed. These cyanine-type dyes open up an intriguing route towards molecular-based electro-optic materials as well as new second-harmonic generation dyes for imaging.
Photon localization in radially distributed dielectric resonators (1992)

Electromagnetic propagation is inhibited over the complete solid angle for a finite range of frequencies, and localized modes arise in perfect dielectrics with radially periodic indices of refraction. The electromagnetic properties of such structures are similar to periodic photonic band structures, but radial perturbations scatter weakly away from the Bragg resonance and yield a gap for arbitrarily weak index perturbations. The simplest radial perturbation is δ n = Δ n o cos( Kr ). In 3-D, this perturbation causes narrow gaps and true localized modes. 2-D systems are constructed by radially perturbing the effective index of slab waveguides. True photon localization is not possible in purely dielectric 2-D systems, but high-Q transparent resonators can be constructed. We discuss solutions to the vector Helmholtz equation under radial dielectric modulation and describe resonance spectra and scattering in 3-D and 2-D structures. We discuss the fabrication of 2-D structures.
A screening approach for assessing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase activity in fungal strains (2019)

The present study describes an LC-MS-based separation method to detect and quantitate LPMO activity in a commercial enzyme. This method was also applied to screen fungal extracts. The developed screening strategy has enabled detection of LPMO activity in two industrially important <i>Penicillium</i> strains.
Experimental study of over-expanded jets with centered thermal non-uniformity (2019)

Recently, there has been increased concern in reducing supersonic jet noise, due in part to stricter community noise standards, renewed interest in supersonic transport over land, and the hearing damaged sustained by Navy personnel operating on the decks of aircraft carriers. In support of this, we propose an examination of the flow and acoustic fields of a supersonic jet with nozzle boundary conditions tailored to produce thermal non-uniformity. Specifically, we aim to study a heated jet with a centered thermal non-uniformity operating at over-expanded conditions. It will be shown through the course of this study that thermal non-uniformity reduces the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) by a maximum of 2.5 dB near the peak noise direction. We hypothesize the reduction in the radiated sound field is related to perturbations which persist beyond the near nozzle region and disrupt the organized structure of acoustically efficient turbulence over large axial distances. This hypothesis is supported by experimental evidence showing a reduced peak Reynolds shear stress, a decoherence in the hydrodynamic field, and a decorrelation of Mach wave structures. These effects are captured using PIV and high-speed schlieren imaging of the density near-field.
[Study on smoking behavior and its changes among Chinese people aged 15 years and above in 2018]. (2022)

<b>Objective:</b> To describe the current status of smoking among Chinese people aged 15 and above and analyze its epidemic evolution. <b>Methods:</b> A stratified multi-phased randomized cluster sampling design of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey was used. The cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to December 2018, covering 200 districts/counties in 31 provinces of China. Field data was collected through in-house face-to-face interviews by trained investigators using a tablet computer. 19 376 individual questionnaires were completed, with an overall response rate of 91.50%. The data were weighted for complex sampling and analyzed with SAS 9.4. <b>Results:</b> In 2018, the current smoking prevalence of adults aged 15 and above was 26.59%, with that higher among males (50.47%) than among females (2.07%) and higher among those in rural (28.87%) than among those in urban areas (25.05%). The quitting rate was 20.10%, with a higher rate among females (30.22%) than males (19.64%). However, there was no significant difference between rural and urban areas (<i>P</i>=0.864). Compared with the previous data, the smoking rate tends to drop, with a substantial decrease among the 25-44 age groups and 45-64 age groups. The most significant decline occurs among those with higher education (Junior college and above). In addition, in 2018, current daily smokers aged 15 and above in China started to smoke daily at an average age of 20.95 years old. For current smokers, 16.00 cigarettes were consumed each day on average. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although the current smoking prevalence among the Chinese population aged 15 and above tends to decrease, the decreasing speed is too slow to achieve the target set in the Healthy China Action (2019-2030). Consequently, much more effective efforts to control tobacco need to be enforced.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 regulates microglial motility and phagocytic activity (2012)

Our results indicate that glia-derived PAI-1 may regulate microglial migration and phagocytosis in an autocrine or paracrine manner. This may have important implications in the regulation of brain microglial activities in health and disease.
Spontaneous Band Magnetism (1967)

With sharply defined, critical overlap integrals Δc and Δcf for a localized-electron ⇆ collective-electron transition and for spontaneous band ferromagnetism, the conditions for band ferromagnetism to occur are: Δc &amp;lt;Δb &amp;lt;Δcf, and Δc &amp;lt;Δab &amp;lt;Δcf &amp;lt;Δb, where the overlap integrals Δab &amp;lt;Δb are each proportional to the bandwidths of antibonding and bonding bands, respectively. Spontaneous magnetism also depends upon the electron/atom ratio: Half-filled bands may exhibit antiferromagnetism, but not ferromagnetism. If Δc &amp;lt;Δb &amp;lt;Δcf, bands less than one-quarter filled may exhibit ferromagnetism with magnetization ≤ ndμB per atom and a distributed spin density as in ZrZn2, where nd, nh, and nab are numbers of electrons, holes, and antibonding electrons per atom. Bands more than three-quarters filled may be ferromagnetic with a localized atomic moment of nhμB. Bands more than half-filled and less than three-quarters filled give a localized atomic moment of nhμB, if Δc &amp;lt;Δb &amp;lt;Δcf, and are either ferromagnetic or exhibit a spiral-spin configuration. However, if Δc &amp;lt;Δab &amp;lt;Δcf &amp;lt;Δb, ferromagnetism with a reduced atomic moment of nabμB per atom is predicted. The spin density is localized, but a small negative-spin density may occur at large distances from the atom. It is indicated how these ideas can account satisfactorily for the spontaneous magnetism, atomic moments, and spin-density distributions in first-row transition metals.