gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deleted Mitochondrial DNA in Human Luteinized Granulosa Cells (2005)

The rearrangement of mitochondrial DNA in luteinized granulosa cells was determined in order to evaluate the fertilization capacity of oocytes and the development of embryos. Multiple deletions of mtDNA were found in luteinized granulosa cells from in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. The 4977-base pair (bp) deletion was the most frequent deletion found in human granulosa cells. No significant difference was noted between mtDNA deletions of granulosa cells based on the fertilization capacity of oocytes and the development of embryos. To determine the relationship of proportions of mtDNA rearrangements with the aging process, granulosa cells were grouped into three different cohorts according to maternal age: younger than 32 years, between 32 and 37 years, and older than 37 years. No statistical correlation was noted between patient age and the frequency of occurrence of multiple mtDNA deletions. However, an increase in granulosa cell apoptosis was associated with an increase in mtDNA deletions. Accumulation of mtDNA deletions may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired ATP production. We concluded that the accumulation of rearranged mtDNA in granulosa cells might not interfere with fertilization of human oocytes and further embryonic development; it was, however, associated with apoptosis processes.
Self-distortion compensation of spatial light modulator under temperature-varying conditions (2014)

Conventional methods of compensating for self-distortion in liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulators (LCOS-SLM) are based on aberration correction, where the wavefront of the incident beam is modulated to compensate for aberrations caused by the imperfect optical flatness of the LCOS-SLM surface. However, the phase distribution of an LCOS-SLM varies with changes in ambient temperature and requires additional correction. We report a novel phase compensation method under temperature-varying conditions based on an orthonormal Legendre series expansion of the phase distribution. We investigated the temperature dependency by controlling the ambient temperature with an incubator and successfully corrected for self-distortion in a temperature range of 20 °C to 50 °C. Our approach has the potential to be adopted in tight-focusing applications which require wavefront modulation with very high accuracy.
Creating Functional Microstructures with an Optical-Tweezers Assembly-Line (2012)

The hierarchical assembly of suitable molecules using non-covalent bonds can reveal exciting novel material properties and functionalities not achievable by their individual units. In particular, the microscopic organization of suitable containers that can accommodate molecular guests within their structure is a promising approach toward realizing materials with tailored functionalities.
Reconstruction 3D du Volume Rénal à partir d'Acquisitions Scanner Volumiques (2011)

National audience
Tofacitinib as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis (2017)

In patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis, tofacitinib was more effective as induction and maintenance therapy than placebo. (Funded by Pfizer; OCTAVE Induction 1, OCTAVE Induction 2, and OCTAVE Sustain ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01465763 , NCT01458951 , and NCT01458574 , respectively.).
Optimal eigenbeamforming for suppressing self-interference in full-duplex MIMO relays (2011)

We address the main technical challenge encountered in the practical implementations of full-duplex MIMO relays, i.e., how to mitigate efficiently the self-interference that loops back from the relays transmit antenna array to its receive antenna array. In particular, we consider spatial-domain suppression using optimal eigenbeamforming that minimizes the power of the residual self-interference signal by pointing the transmit and receive beams to the minimum eigenmodes of the self-interference channel. As a special case, the scheme covers also the null-space projection approach discussed in earlier papers. To demonstrate the feasibility of full-duplex relaying, we have previously built prototype antenna arrays for a full-duplex MIMO relay and measured an extensive set of real-world self-interference channels in different deployment scenarios. Using the measurement data, we now evaluate the natural isolation between separated antenna arrays and the additional isolation given by optimal eigenbeamforming.
A Re-evaluation of the Role of Host Defence Peptides in Mammalian Immunity (2005)

Host defence peptides are found in all classes of life and are a fundamental component of the innate immune response. Initially it was believed that their sole role in innate immunity was to kill invading microorganisms, thus providing direct defence against infection. Evidence now suggests that these peptides play diverse and complex roles in the immune response and that, in higher animals, their functions are not restricted to the innate immune response. In in vitro experiments certain host defence peptides have been demonstrated to be potent antimicrobial agents at modest concentrations, although their antimicrobial activity is often strongly reduced or ablated in the presence of physiological concentrations of ions such as Na(+) and Mg(2+). In contrast, in experiments done in standard tissue culture media, the composition of which more accurately represents physiological levels of ions, mammalian host defence peptides have been demonstrated to have a number of immunomodulatory functions including altering host gene expression, acting as chemokines and/or inducing chemokine production, inhibiting lipopolysaccharide induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, promoting wound healing, and modulating the responses of dendritic cells and cells of the adaptive immune response. Animal models indicate that host defence peptides are crucial for both prevention and clearance of infection. As interest in the in vivo functions of host defence peptides is increasing, it is important to consider whether in mammals the direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties observed in vitro are physiologically relevant, especially since many of these activities are concentration dependent. In this review we summarize the concentrations of host defence peptides and ions reported throughout the body and compare that information with the concentrations of peptides that are known have antimicrobial or immunomodulatory functions in vitro.
Microemulsion polymerization for producing fluorinated structured materials (2004)

Abstract When perfluoropolyether microemulsions are used during polymerization of fluoropolymers, the structure of the reaction environment can be strictly controlled. In particular, the number and size of polymer particles in latexes can be set freely, yielding a number of advantages. First, as a result of radical segregation, terminations can be decreased without reducing polymerization rate: in this way high molecular weights are easily obtained also with poorly reactive monomers. Moreover, in combination with a reversible chain transfer mechanism based on iodine, particle segregation allows establishing pseudo‐living polymerization conditions. In this situation formation of long branches in the polymer can be controlled by using bifunctional molecules that are able to link two different polymer chains to each other during polymerization. This is the so‐called “branching and pseudo‐living” technology. Finally, by co‐coagulating latexes of different polymers prepared by microemulsion polymerization, very small particles and, thus, high interface areas are generated. In this way properties of different polymers, such as fluoroelastomers and fluorinated semicrystalline polymers, are matched effectively, generating new nanocomposite materials that exhibit outstanding properties. In this paper these results are reported and an overview of some novel sophisticated fluoropolymers obtained in microemulsion is given.
Frank-van der Merwe Growth in Bilayer Graphene (2021)

Bilayer graphene has attracted significant interest due to its unique properties, including fascinating electrical behavior when one layer is slightly rotated relative to the other. However, the quality of large-area bilayer graphene is often limited by the layer-plus-island growth mode in which islands of thicker graphene present as unavoidable impurities. Here, we report the observation of the layer-by-layer, Frank-van der Merwe (FM) growth mode in bilayer graphene where multilayer impurities are suppressed. Instead of the conventional surface adhesive energy, it is found that interface adhesive energy is possible to be tuned with an oxidative pretreatment. The FM-grown bilayer graphene is of AB-stacking or with small-twisting-angle (θ = 0-5°), which is more mechanically robust compared to monolayer graphene, facilitating a free-standing wet transfer technology.
How Do People Rank Multiple Mutant Agents? (2022)

Faced with several AI-powered sequential decision-making systems, how might someone choose on which to rely? For example, imagine car buyer Blair shopping for a self-driving car, or developer Dillon trying to choose an appropriate ML model to use in their application. Their first choice might be infeasible (i.e., too expensive in money or execution time), so they may need to select their second or third choice. To address this question, this paper presents: 1) Explanation Resolution, a quantifiable direct measurement concept; 2) a new XAI empirical task to measure explanations: “the Ranking Task”; and 3) a new strategy for inducing controllable agent variations—Mutant Agent Generation. In support of those main contributions, it also presents 4) novel explanations for sequential decision-making agents; 5) an adaptation to the AAR/AI assessment process; and 6) a qualitative study around these devices with 10 participants to investigate how they performed the Ranking Task on our mutant agents, using our explanations, and structured by AAR/AI. From an XAI researcher perspective, just as mutation testing can be applied to any code, mutant agent generation can be applied to essentially any neural network for which one wants to evaluate an assessment process or explanation type. As to an XAI user’s perspective, the participants ranked the agents well overall, but showed the importance of high explanation resolution for close differences between agents. The participants also revealed the importance of supporting a wide diversity of explanation diets and agent “test selection” strategies.
Molecular Mechanisms of Clucocorticoid Resistance/Hypersensitivity: Potential Clinical Implications (1996)

"Molecular Mechanisms of Clucocorticoid Resistance/Hypersensitivity: Potential Clinical Implications." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 154(2_pt_2), pp. S39–S44
Many-body effects in x-ray photoemission and high-T c superconductivity of cuprate superconductors (1993)

Many-body effects in Cu 2p x-ray photoemission of Bi2Sr2CaxCu1+xO6+2x (x=0,1,2), La2−xSrxCuO4 (x=0,0.13), and ErBa2Cu3O7−x,y (x&amp;lt;y) were observed and correlations between the many-body effects and high-Tc superconductivity of cuprate superconductors were reviewed. For the Bi2Sr2CaxCu1+xO6+2x (x=0,1,2) and La2−xSrxCuO4 (x=0,0.13) systems, proper high-Tc superconductivity was realized by increasing the transfer integral and the interaction strength of the Cu-O bond of the crystal determined the superconducting properties. However, for the ErBa2Cu3O7−x and YBa2Cu3O7−x systems, 90 K superconductivity was realized by increasing the charge transfer energy. The extended valence state including the Cu, Ba, and O valence states in the crystal determined the superconducting properties of the ErBa2Cu3O7−x and YBa2Cu3O7−x systems.
OC125, M11 and OV197 Epitopes Are Not Uniformly Distributed in the Tandem-Repeat Region of CA125 and Require the Entire SEA Domain (2013)

The human cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is over-expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and it plays a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. This protein presents a repeat region containing up to sixty tandem repeat units. The anti-CA125 monoclonal antibodies have been previously classified into three groups: two major families, the OC125-like antibodies and M11-like antibodies, and a third group, the OV197-like antibodies. A model in which a single repeat unit contains all the epitopes for these antibodies has been also proposed, even if their exact position is still undetermined. In the present work, the affinities of the monoclonal antibodies, representative of the three families, have been investigated for different CA125-recombinant repeats through Western blot analysis. Different patterns of antibody recognition for the recombinant repeats show that CA125 epitopes are not uniformly distributed in the tandem repeat region of the protein. The minimal region for the recognition of these antibodies has been also individuated in the SEA domain through the subcloning of deleted sequences of the highly recognized repeat-25 (R-25), their expression as recombinant fragments in E. coli and Western blot analysis. Obtained data have been further confirmed by ELISA using the entire R-25 as coating antigen.
Reaction Kinetics and Injection Molding of Liquid Silicone Rubber (1991)

Abstract The curing of liquid silicone rubber (LSR) in an injection mold was studied using a two-pronged attack. First, a reaction kinetic model of LSR polymerization was derived from the hydrosilation mechanism. The model was tested with reaction kinetics of different rubber formulations with varying concentrations of catalyst and inhibitor. It was found that inhibitor consumption follows a zero-order kinetic model, and the subsequent polymerization kinetics are first order in vinyl concentration and concentration of available catalyst. Then this kinetic model was applied to a heat transfer and curing analysis which predicts gel time in a cavity of known thickness and mold temperature. Because silicone rubber has a low heat of cure, reaction exotherm was neglected in the analysis. The gel conversion was predicted using the recursive method, and thermal diffusivity was determined by transient temperature measurements in a cured slab. The predicted gel times were in good agreement with experimental demolding data. Because of its simplicity and accuracy, this analysis can be a useful tool for formulation optimization and mold-temperature selection.
A high-speed GaAs 1K static random access memory (1985)

A high-performance 1024/spl times/1-bit static random access memory has been designed and fabricated using an epitaxial GaAs direct coupled logic process. Design rules include 4-/spl mu/m interconnect metallization lines and spaces with 2/spl times/4-/spl mu/m/SUP 2/ vias. MESFETS have 1-/spl mu/m gate length and a self-aligned source and drain. A minimum address access time of 1.7 ns has been observed.
Structure and Biological Activities of Beta Toxin fromStaphylococcus aureus (2007)

Beta toxin is a neutral sphingomyelinase secreted by certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus. This virulence factor lyses erythrocytes in order to evade the host immune system as well as scavenge nutrients. The structure of beta toxin was determined at 2.4-A resolution using crystals that were merohedrally twinned. This structure is similar to that of the sphingomyelinases of Listeria ivanovii and Bacillus cereus. Beta toxin belongs to the DNase I folding superfamily; in addition to sphingomyelinases, the proteins most structurally related to beta toxin include human endonuclease HAP1, Escherichia coli endonuclease III, bovine pancreatic DNase I, and the endonuclease domain of TRAS1 from Bombyx mori. Our biological assays demonstrated for the first time that beta toxin kills proliferating human lymphocytes. Structure-directed active site mutations show that biological activities, including hemolysis and lymphotoxicity, are due to the sphingomyelinase activity of the enzyme.
Suppression of current collapse by hole injection from drain in a normally-off GaN-based hybrid-drain-embedded gate injection transistor (2015)

Current collapse is suppressed up to 800 V of drain voltage in our proposed device, Hybrid-Drain-embedded Gate Injection Transistor (HD-GIT), where an additional p-GaN layer is grown on the AlGaN barrier layer and is connected to the drain electrode. We present, based on a device simulation and electroluminescence study, that the hole injection from the additional drain-side p-GaN at the OFF state compensates the hole emission in the epilayer. As a result, the gate-drain access region is not negatively charged at the OFF state, resulting in the drastic suppression of current collapse in HD-GIT.
SALINITY TOLERANCE, BILIPROTEINS, AND FLORIDOSIDE CONTENT OF COMPSOPOGON COERULEUS (RHODOPHYTA)1 (1994)

ABSTRACT The freshwater red alga Compsopogon coeruleus (Balbis) Montague is capable of growing and reproducing in salinities up to 35 ppt. Increased accumulation of floridoside (D‐galactopyranosyl glycerol) parallels increase in salinity. Compsopogon phycobilisomes contain an unusual B‐phycoerythrin completely lacking in phycourobilin chromophores, but with a pigmented γ subunit. The α, β, and γ subunits of this phycoerythrin all carry phycoerythrobilins. These results suggest that C. coeruleus is secondarily adapted to freshwater from marine habitats.
Cyclotriveratrylene polarisation assisted aggregation of C60 (1996)

Excess cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) and C60 in toluene results in micelle-like aggregation of the fullerenes arising from CTV polarisation of the fullerene, leading to a one-dimensional zigzag polymeric array of fullerenes in the solid state, each in the cavity of a CTV molecule.
Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on endoplasmic reticulum stress. (2016)

The maintenance of protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial in cell life. Disruption of proteostasis results in ER stress that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR); a signalling network assigned to manage the accumulated misfolded or unfolded proteins. Prolonged or unresolved ER stress leads to apoptotic cell death that can be the basis of many serious diseases. Our aim was to study the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), an alternative, non-invasive therapeutic method on ER stressed cell lines. First, the effect of PEMF treatment on the expression of ER stress markers was tested in three different cell lines. PEMF had no remarkable effect on ER stress protein levels in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) and human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. However, the expression of BiP, Grp94 and CHOP were increased in HeLa cells upon PEMF exposure. Therefore, HepG2 cell line was selected for further experiments. Cells were stressed by tunicamycin and exposed to PEMF. Grp94, PDI, CHOP and PARP expression as markers of stress were monitored by Western blot and cell viability was also investigated. Tunicamycin treatment, as expected, increased the expression of Grp94, PDI, CHOP and inactivated PARP. Analysis of protein expression showed that PEMF was able to decrease the elevated level of ER chaperons Grp94, PDI and the apoptosis marker CHOP. The truncated, inactive form of PARP was also decreased. Accordingly, cell viability was also improved by PEMF exposure. These results indicate that PEMF is able to moderate ER stress induced by tunicamycin in HepG2 cells. However, our results clearly draw attention to that different cell lines may vary in the response to PEMF treatment.
Aerobic Biodegradation of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether in Gasoline-Contaminated Aquifer Sediments (2003)

Intrinsic biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in aquifer sediments under oxic conditions was investigated using laboratory microcosms. Aquifer samples were collected from three different areas (source area, upgradient, and downgradient) of a shallow gasoline-contaminated aquifer within the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province located in Virginia. Biodegradation of MTBE was observed in the source-area microcosms in which MTBE declined from a starting concentration of 2.7 to 0.28 mg/L over a 58-day period, following an initial lag period of 20 days. The same set of microcosms was respiked with MTBE to an initial concentration of 4.8 mg/L and MTBE concentrations declined to 0.20 mg/L over a 52-day period with no lag in biodegradation. First-order MTBE biodegradation rates for the first and second periods were 0.037±0.003 and 0.063±0.003 day−1, respectively. When another set of source-area microcosms was spiked with MTBE (5 mg/L), toluene and ethylbenzene (1 mg/L each), the initial lag period increased to 33 days but there was no significant change in the MTBE biodegradation rate (0.065±0.026 day−1) and MTBE was not detected after 134 days. Biodegradation of MTBE was also observed in the microcosms constructed using aquifer sediment with only limited exposure to MTBE but the degradation rate was lower and statistically different (0.022±0.005 day−1) than the source area microcosms. Biodegradation of MTBE ceased when oxygen was depleted. Methyl tert-butyl ether did not biodegrade in the uncontaminated, upgradient microcosms; however, rapid biodegradation of toluene was observed. Methyl tert-butyl ether biodegradation appears to be limited in the absence of dissolved oxygen and in aquifer sediments where petroleum hydrocarbons including MTBE were not previously observed.
Surface Analysis of Zr/O/W Schottky Emitter (2015)

Zr/O/W Schottky emitter surface was investigated by using surface analytical techniques. We improved RHEED equipment by installing a heating stage and a micro-imaging system, and surface periodicity on the Zr/O/W(100) and (110) of a Schottky emitter tip have been directly measured. Reversible structural change from c(2×4) + c(4×2) to p(1×1) has been observed only in (100) surface. We also measured initial velocity of the secondary ions by using specialized TOF-SIMS and investigated generation sites of Zr, W, and their oxides. A structural model of a Zr/O/W surface was proposed that Zr atoms are adsorbed on O atoms in W-O layers formed on the W single crystal.
Perfluorinated Heteroaromatic Systems as Scaffolds for Drug Discovery (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Perfluorinated Heterocycles as Core Scaffolds Summary Acknowledgments References
Oxazolidine Ring Opening and Isomerization to (E)-Imines. Asymmetric Synthesis of Aryl-α-fluoroalkyl Amino Alcohols (2004)

[reaction: see text] A base-induced ring opening/imine isomerization/diastereoselective organometallic addition sequence on 4-substituted 2-perfluoroalkyl-1,3-oxazolidines has been developed for the asymmetric synthesis of aryl alpha-perfluoroalkylamine derivatives. This practical method provides chiral amino alcohols in 60-95% yield with uniformely high diastereoselectivities ranging from 35:1 to >100:1.