gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> waveguide for ultraviolet spectroscopy (2017)

Integrated photonic waveguides on Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> platform are proposed to cover the 220~320nm wavelength-range, which is of paramount significance in protein and nuclei acid quantification. The proposed system requires 500x less volume of solutions compared to conventional NanoDrop <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">™</sup> .
Subframe allocation for relay networks in the LTE advanced standard (2010)

The use of relays is a promising way to extend coverage and increase rates in Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE Advanced) networks. Performing a transmission in several hops (BS-relay & relay-user) requires more radio resources than a single hop transmission. This paper analyses how the available radio resource should be allocated between relays and users in order to maximize throughput and/or fairness. Time and frequency multiplexed backhaul is investigated under some basic assumptions on the division of the radio resource. It is shown that the system will typically be backhaul limited and that the two ways of multiplexing will perform equally when fairness is taken into account. The analysis results in throughput/fairness suboptimal solutions, dependant on the number of relays per cell, spectral efficiencies and fraction of users served by relays. The analysis is verified by simulations, performed using a MATLAB based network simulator.
Increasing Sensitivity of an Atom Interferometer to the Heisenberg Limit using Enhanced Quantum Noise (2018)

We show how, by using a Schroedinger Cat state, the sensitivity of an atomic interferometer can be increased, to the Heisenberg limit, while enhancing the quantum noise, thereby suppressing strongly the effect of excess noise.
The rise of serverless computing (2019)

The server is dead, long live the server.
Solid-phase syntheses of libraries derived from 2-amino-4-carboxy-thiophenol moiety (2006)

Solid-phase combinatorial methods are evolving as an effective means for the generation of libraries of compounds in short time periods. These methods can expedite lead generation as well as lead optimization. Solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS) has become an integral tool for the preparation of small molecule libraries. Several classes of compounds, exhibiting a wide range of biological activities [1], can be generated starting from the 2-amino-4-carboxy-thiophenol moiety. These include 3,4-dihydrobenzo-l,4-thiazines (1), 3,4-dihydrobenzo-l,4-thiazine-1,1 -dioxides (2), 3,4-dihy dro-3-oxobenzo-1,4-thiazines (3), 3,4-dihydro-3-oxobenzo-1,4-thiazine-1,1dioxides (4), and benzothiazoles (5). The core structures of these compounds contain many points at which diversity may be introduced.
A Descriptive Study of Lower Limb Torsional Kinematic Profiles in Children With Spastic Diplegia (2014)

Level IV.
Antenne multifaisceaux réalisée avec un formateur de faisceaux à lentille à retard continu en guide d’onde à plaques parallèles (2017)

International audience
Unsupervised, smooth training of feed-forward neural networks for mismatch compensation (2002)

We present a maximum likelihood technique for training feedforward neural networks. The proposed technique is completely unsupervised; hence it eliminates the need for having target values for each input. Thus stereo databases are no longer required for learning nonlinear distortions under adverse conditions in speech recognition applications. We show that this technique is guaranteed to converge smoothly to the local maxima, and provides a more meaningful metric in speech recognition applications than the traditional mean square error. We apply the technique to model compensation to reduce the mismatch between training and testing in speech recognition applications and show that this data driven technique can be used under a wide variety of conditions without prior knowledge of the mismatch.
Entrainment of marginally stable excitation waves by spatially extended sub-threshold periodic forcing (2011)

We introduce a novel approach of stabilizing the dynamics of excitation waves by spatially extended sub-threshold periodic forcing. Entrainment of unstable primary waves has been studied numerically for different amplitudes and frequencies of additional sub-threshold stimuli. We determined entrainment regimes under which excitation blocks were transformed into consistent 1:1 responses. These responses were spatially homogeneous and synchronized in the entire excitable medium. Compared to primary pulses, pulses entrained by secondary stimulations were stable at considerably shorter periods which decreased at higher amplitudes and greater number of secondary stimuli. Our results suggest a practical methodology for stabilization of excitation in reaction-diffusion media such as nerve tissue with regions of reduced excitability.
Effects of macrophage colony stimulating factor and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor on osteoclastic differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (1993)

Although the hematopoietic origin of the osteoclast is generally accepted, the precise phenotype of the progenitor and the regulation of its differentiation are unclear. This study compares proliferation and differentiation of progenitors in response to macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Nonadherent progenitor cells from murine long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) (as a source of osteoclast progenitors) demonstrated a significant proliferative response to M-CSF. In addition, M-CSF increased the number of multinucleated cells, only a small percent of which (14-16%) were tartrate-resistant, acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive. In contrast, cells cultured with GM-CSF generated more TRAP-positive multinucleated cells even at concentrations less stimulatory of proliferation than M-CSF. The osteoclast phenotype of these multinucleated cells was also assessed by ultrastructural characterization of ruffled borders in association with bone fragments. The bone-active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited the proliferation of this subset of progenitor cells in the presence of M-CSF or GM-CSF. All of these results show effects on progenitors in the absence of the stromal cell microenvironment in this system. These results provide evidence for a divergence in the biological responsiveness of osteoclast progenitor cells to M-CSF compared with GM-CSF; they support the notion that M-CSF has a "priming" effect on osteoclast progenitors whose subsequent differentiation to osteoclastic multinucleated cells is promoted by GM-CSF.
Effects of gamma irradiation on optical properties of CdSe/ZnS colloidal quantum dots (2008)

Effects of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs gamma irradiation on photoluminescent properties of CdSe/ZnS colloidal quantum dots are reported. Optical degradation was evaluated by measuring dependence of photoluminescence intensity on irradiation dose. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots show poor radiation hardness.
Novel thin-film interference components for ultrafast optics (2001)

Dispersive optical interference coatings (dubbed “chirped mirrors” - CMs) are key-components in femtosecond pulse generation. Beyond a dramatic reduction of the computer optimization time, the development of quasi-analytical CM-design techniques has allowed tailoring their properties to precisely meet diverse application requirements. Yet, cutting-edge scientific applications call for CMs having even larger bandwidth (ideally extending over more than one optical octave in the visible and near infrared), while industrial applications require reducing the inherently high sensitivity of the design-performance to manufacturing errors. Both these needs are answered by tilted- front-interface (TFI) CMs, a novel implementation providing ideal impedance-matching to the incident medium over an unlimited bandwidth.
A Consistent Model for Short-Term Instability and Long-Term Retention in Filamentary Oxide-Based Memristive Devices (2021)

Major challenges concerning the reliability of resistive switching random access memories based on the valence change mechanism (VCM) are short-term instability and long-term retention failure of the programmed resistance state, particularly in the high resistive state. On the one hand, read noise limits the reliability of VCMs via comparatively small current jumps especially when looking at the statistics of millions of cells that are needed for industrial applications. Additionally, shaping algorithms aiming for an enlargement of the read window are observed to have no lasting effect. On the other hand, long-term retention failures limiting the lifetime of the programmed resistance states need to be overcome. The physical origin of these phenomena is still under debate and needs to be understood much better. In this work, we present a three-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo simulation model where we implemented diffusion-limiting domains to the oxide layer of the VCM cell. We demonstrate that our model can explain both instability and retention failure consistently by the same physical processes. Further, we find that the random diffusion of oxygen vacancies plays an important role regarding the reliability of VCMs and can explain instability phenomena as the shaping failure as well as the long-term retention failure in our model. Additionally, the results of the simulations are compared with experimental data of read noise and retention investigations on ZrO<sub>2</sub>-based VCM devices.
d-Cystine di(m)ethyl ester reverses the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilation and arterial blood gas chemistry while promoting antinociception (2021)

We have identified thiolesters that reverse the negative effects of opioids on breathing without compromising antinociception. Here we report the effects of D-cystine diethyl ester (D-cystine diEE) or D-cystine dimethyl ester (D-cystine diME) on morphine-induced changes in ventilation, arterial-blood gas chemistry, A-a gradient (index of gas-exchange in the lungs) and antinociception in freely moving rats. Injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) elicited negative effects on breathing (e.g., depression of tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory flow, and inspiratory drive). Subsequent injection of D-cystine diEE (500 μmol/kg, IV) elicited an immediate and sustained reversal of these effects of morphine. Injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) also elicited pronounced decreases in arterial blood pH, pO<sub>2</sub> and sO<sub>2</sub> accompanied by pronounced increases in pCO<sub>2</sub> (all indicative of a decrease in ventilatory drive) and A-a gradient (mismatch in ventilation-perfusion in the lungs). These effects of morphine were reversed in an immediate and sustained fashion by D-cystine diME (500 μmol/kg, IV). Finally, the duration of morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg, IV) antinociception was augmented by D-cystine diEE. D-cystine diEE and D-cystine diME may be clinically useful agents that can effectively reverse the negative effects of morphine on breathing and gas-exchange in the lungs while promoting antinociception. Our study suggests that the D-cystine thiolesters are able to differentially modulate the intracellular signaling cascades that mediate morphine-induced ventilatory depression as opposed to those that mediate morphine-induced antinociception and sedation.
A comprehensive metric for evaluating interconnect performance (2001)

A methodology to benchmark and develop interconnect performance is presented. The methodology uses stochastic wiring distribution model in conjunction with a performance metric to help develop and benchmark an interconnect system for a VLSI processor using CMOS technology. The importance of repeaters is clearly demonstrated as a driver to meet performance constraints.
Variations in Blood Supply from Proximal to Distal in the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: A Qualitative Descriptive Cadaveric Study (2019)

Objectives: The vascular supply of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is unknown. Previous studies have reported varying success in return to play rates after non-operative management of partial UCL tears and suggest a varying healing capacity as possibly related to UCL injury location. The purpose of this study was to analyze the macroscopic vascular anatomy of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Methods: Eighteen, fresh-frozen, male cadaveric elbows from nine donors were sharply dissected 15 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle. Sixty mL of India Ink was injected through the brachial artery of each elbow. Arms were then frozen at -10°C, radial side down in 15-20° of elbow flexion. A bandsaw was used to section the frozen elbows into 5 mm coronal or sagittal sections. Sections were cleared for visualization using the modified Spalteholz technique. Images of specimens were taken and the qualitative description of the UCL vascularity was undertaken. Results: We consistently found a dense blood supply to the proximal UCL, while the distal UCL was hypovascular. We observed a possible osseous contribution to the proximal UCL from the medial epicondyle in addition to an artery from the flexor/pronator musculature that consistently appeared to provide vascularity to the proximal UCL. The degree of vascular penetration moving from proximal to distal in the UCL ranged from 39-68% of the overall UCL length, with a 49% average length of vascular penetration of the UCL. Conclusion: Our study found a difference in the vascular supply of the ulnar collateral ligament. The proximal UCL was well vascularized, while the distal UCL was hypovascular. This difference in vascular supply may be a factor in the differential healing capacities of the UCL based on the location of injury. An improved understanding of the macroscopic vascular supply of the UCL may aid in the clinical management of partial UCL tears and suggest an indication for treatments with respect to location of UCL injuries.
Abstract 1248: Enhanced glutamine metabolism contributes to docetaxel resistance in DU145 prostate cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Chemotherapeutic resistance is one of the major factors contributing to cancer mortality. Although evidence supports a mechanistic link between metabolic enzyme polymorphisms and drug sensitivity, little is known about the metabolic changes tumor cells undergo when treated with a chemotherapeutic agent. Moreover, the metabolic consequences of exposure to these agents may provide essential adaptive functions contributing to chemotherapeutic resistance. Here we used metabolic flux analysis to identify metabolic changes accompanying and potentially accounting for docetaxel resistance in DU145 prostate cancer cells. We focused on the utilization of glucose and glutamine, the two most abundant extracellular nutrients, which together account for the bulk of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tumor cells. Docetaxel resistant (DOCETR) cells consumed glutamine more avidly and secreted glutamate and ammonia at a greater rate than sensitive parental cells. Surprisingly, contribution of glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle was unchanged in DOCETR cells despite the higher glutamine utilization. Transfer of glutamine carbon into both the intracellular and extracellular glutamate pools, on the other hand, was higher in DOCETR cells, indicating that the DOCETR cells had an increased ability to convert glutamine to glutamate and then to secrete the glutamate. Accordingly, these cells also had increased expression and activity of glutaminase, the major enzyme responsible for glutamine deamidation. Because glutaminase activity does not yield energy unless the resulting glutamate is further oxidized, we hypothesized that this metabolic transition served a non-bioenergetic role, possibly supporting enhanced rates of glutathione synthesis for modification and secretion of docetaxel. Consistent with this idea, DOCETR cells displayed an increase in de novo synthesis of glycine, which is required for the production of glutathione. Importantly, a glutaminase inhibitor re-sensitized DOCETR cells to docetaxel, strongly suggesting that their enhanced glutamine metabolism was involved in resistance to the drug. We speculate that alterations in glutamine metabolism provide a general and targetable mechanism for xenobiotic resistance in cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1248. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1248
Scaling of rough-wall turbulence in a transitionally rough regime (2022)

In this Letter, we propose a roughness scaling method based on the direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow over three-dimensional sinusoidal rough walls in a transitionally rough regime. A new coupling scale Reτ/(k¯+S)n is defined by combining the Reynolds number Reτ and the roughness parameter k¯+S, where k¯+ is the mean roughness height, S is the roughness steepness, and n is the scaling exponent—which depends on the roughness type. The relationships between Reτ, k¯+S, the roughness function, the friction factor, and the peak of the streamwise turbulent velocity fluctuation are explored. This approach provides an effective way for collapsing rough-wall turbulence data with different Reτ and k¯+S.
A physiological study to determine the mechanism of carbon dioxide clearance during apnoea when using transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) (2019)

Clinical observations suggest that compared with standard apnoeic oxygenation, transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange using high-flow nasal oxygenation reduces the rate of carbon dioxide accumulation in patients who are anaesthetised and apnoeic. This suggests that active gas exchange takes place, but the mechanisms by which it may occur have not been described. We used three laboratory airway models to investigate mechanisms of carbon dioxide clearance in apnoeic patients. We determined flow patterns using particle image velocimetry in a two-dimensional model using particle-seeded fluorescent solution; visualised gas clearance in a three-dimensional printed trachea model in air; and measured intra-tracheal turbulence levels and carbon dioxide clearance rates using a three-dimensional printed model in air mounted on a lung simulator. Cardiogenic oscillations were simulated in all experiments. The visualisation experiments indicated that gaseous mixing was occurring in the trachea. With no cardiogenic oscillations applied, mean (SD) carbon dioxide clearance increased from 0.29 (0.04) ml.min<sup>-1</sup> to 1.34 (0.14) ml.min<sup>-1</sup> as the transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange flow rate was increased from 20 l.min<sup>-1</sup> to 70 l.min<sup>-1</sup> (p = 0.0001). With a cardiogenic oscillation of 20 ml.beat<sup>-1</sup> applied, carbon dioxide clearance increased from 11.9 (0.50) ml.min<sup>-1</sup> to 17.4 (1.2) ml.min<sup>-1</sup> as the transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange flow rate was increased from 20 l.min<sup>-1</sup> to 70 l.min<sup>-1</sup> (p = 0.0014). These findings suggest that enhanced carbon dioxide clearance observed under apnoeic conditions with transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange, as compared with classical apnoeic oxygenation, may be explained by an interaction between entrained and highly turbulent supraglottic flow vortices created by high-flow nasal oxygen and cardiogenic oscillations.
Bifunctional Peptide that Anneals to Damaged Collagen and Clusters TGF-β Receptors Enhances Wound Healing (2022)

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays important roles in wound healing. The activity of TGF-β is initiated upon the binding of the growth factor to the extracellular domains of its receptors. We sought to facilitate the activation by clustering these extracellular domains. To do so, we used a known peptide that binds to TGF-β receptors without diminishing their affinity for TGF-β. We conjugated this peptide to a collagen-mimetic peptide that can anneal to the damaged collagen in a wound bed. We find that the conjugate enhances collagen deposition and wound closure in mice in a manner consistent with the clustering of TGF-β receptors. This strategy provides a means to upregulate the TGF-β signaling pathway without adding exogenous TGF-β and could inspire means to treat severe wounds.
Learning To Maximize Welfare with a Reusable Resource (2022)

No abstract available.
Monitoring Snow-Cover Depletion by Coupling Satellite Imagery with a Distributed Snowmelt Model (2006)

Many watersheds in Canada and in the northern United States see most of their precipitation in the form of snow. Many of these watersheds are the sites of important hydropower development projects. During snowmelt, watershed managers require information on snowpack depletion in order to optimize power production while minimizing flooding risk. In many cases, management techniques are based on simple correlations extracted from data collected in previous years or on inappropriate tools for data interpretation. Both of these factors can affect the reliability of forecasts and result in production losses or increased risk in downstream areas. This paper presents an approach to improve snowmelt forecasts. A simple distributed snowmelt model based on the degree-days approach is used to predict snowmelt based on weather forecasts. To improve forecasts, a feedback algorithm is presented that allows for real-time model adjustment using the integration of NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data. A case study is presented based on a central Quebec watershed for the 1999 snowmelt season. This watershed is mostly under the management of Alcan Inc., which uses hydropower for the production of aluminum in its Jonquière, Que., Canada plant. A real-time simulation was carried out that resulted in a significant improvement of the timing of the flood peak forecast. With only one satellite image, the forecasting error of the flood peak was decreased by 5days (from 7 to 2) and reduced to less than 1day with the use of a second image, acquired 2days later. For this watershed, each one-day improvement in the timing of the peak flood forecast is worth tens of thousands of dollars in hydropower.