gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time Virtual-network-traffic-monitoring System with FPGA Accelerator (2021)

There is a growing demand for a virtual-network-traffic-monitoring system for managing and controlling network services. Such a system must be able to handle high-load processing such as analyzing encapsulated packets and network-traffic classification using many header fields. To visualize network traffic for a virtual machine in real time, we propose a real-time virtual-network-trafficmonitoring system with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) accelerator. Our system consists of a resource-saving hash-based network-traffic classifier (NTC) that classifies virtual network traffic at high speed using many search conditions. The hash-based NTC reduces memory resources by using a twostep hash search. Our system with this hash-based NTC provides a real-time visualization of multiple statistics such as the number of packets, bytes, microbursts, and histograms of jitter and latency for each virtual machine. To verify the performance of the hash-based NTC, we evaluated the number of searches per input packet. As a result of classifying virtual extensible local area network (VXLAN) packets into 10,000 categories using 17 header fields, the average number of searches executed with the hash-based NTC was about one-fourth that of a search-tree-based NTC. In addition, memory and logic-resource usage of the hash-based NTC were on average about 40 and 80%, respectively, which were less than those of several FPGA-based ternary content addressable memories with the same rules. Finally, we demonstrated that our system with the hash-based NTC visualizes VXLAN traffic for each virtual machine in real time.
PDZ Domains as Drug Targets (2019)

Protein-protein interactions within protein networks shape the human interactome, which often is promoted by specialized protein interaction modules, such as the postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), discs-large, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) (PDZ) domains. PDZ domains play a role in several cellular functions, from cell-cell communication and polarization, to regulation of protein transport and protein metabolism. PDZ domain proteins are also crucial in the formation and stability of protein complexes, establishing an important bridge between extracellular stimuli detected by transmembrane receptors and intracellular responses. PDZ domains have been suggested as promising drug targets in several diseases, ranging from neurological and oncological disorders to viral infections. In this review, the authors describe structural and genetic aspects of PDZ-containing proteins and discuss the current status of the development of small-molecule and peptide modulators of PDZ domains. An overview of potential new therapeutic interventions in PDZ-mediated protein networks is also provided.
High concordance rate on SSTR-RADS version 1.0 as a reporting system for SSTR PET imaging and selection of potential PRRT candidates (2020)

363 Objectives: Recently, a standardized framework system for interpreting somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CTs, termed SSTR-Reporting and Data System (RADS) 1.0, has been introduced providing reliable standards and criteria for SSTR PET. We determined the interobserver reliability of SSTR-RADS for interpretation of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT scans in a multicentric, randomized setting. Methods: A set of 51 randomized 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT scans was independently assessed by four blinded readers with different levels of experience (2 experienced readers (ER) and 2 inexperienced readers (IR)) trained with SSTR-RADS 1.0 criteria (based on a 5-point scale (from 1 = definitively benign to 5 = high certainty that neuroendocrine tumor is present)). Per scan, SSTR-RADS scores were assigned to a maximum of 5 target lesions (TL). An overall scan impression based on SSTR-RADS was indicated, and interobserver agreement rates on a TL-based, on an organ-based, and on an overall SSTR-RADS score-based level were computed. Readers were also asked to indicate whether peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) should be considered based on the assigned RADS scores. Results: Among the selected TL, 153 were chosen by at least 2 individual observers (all 4 readers selected the same target lesion in 58 of 153 [37.9%] instances). The interobserver agreement for SSTR-RADS scoring among identical TL was good (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] for 4, 3, and 2 identical target lesions, ≥0.73, respectively). For lymph node and liver lesions, excellent interobserver agreement rates were derived (ICC, 0.91 and 0.77, respectively). Moreover, the interobserver agreement for an overall scan impression based on SSTR-RADS was excellent (ICC, 0.88). Decision for PRRT based on SSTR-RADS demonstrated an excellent agreement with an ICC of 0.8. No significant differences between ER and IR for overall scan impression and TL-based analyses were observed (p≥0.18, respectively), thereby suggesting that SSTR-RADS seems to be readily applicable even for less experienced readers. Conclusions: SSTR-RADS criteria demonstrated a high concordance rate, even among readers with different experience, supporting the adoption of SSTR-RADS for trials, or clinical routine. Further increase in interobserver reliability could be derived by stricter advice on selecting TL.
Behavior of Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Breast Tumors in Old Mice (2004)

Breast cancer incidence and mortality increase with age. A better understanding of the biological behavior of metastatic and nonmetastatic breast tumors in older subjects may help to develop improved breast cancer therapies. In this study, we used syngeneic metastatic (4TO7cg) and nonmetastatic (64pT) mouse breast tumor models at three age levels to evaluate various characteristics that are considered to be important for effective anti-breast cancer immunotherapy. These included tumor size and growth, metastases, vascularization, gene expression levels of the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) Mage-b (homologous to human MAGE-B) in primary breast tumors and metastases, and the presence of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the inguinal lymph nodes at the site of the tumor. The primary breast tumors and metastases were generated by injection of mouse mammary tumor cell lines 4TO7cg or 64pT into a mammary fat pad of normal 3-, 9-, or 21/24-month old BALB/c mice. In the nonmetastatic breast tumor model, significantly smaller tumors were observed in old compared with young mice. This was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of CD8(+) T cells in inguinal lymph nodes and significantly higher Mage-b expression levels in the primary tumors at old age. In the metastatic (4TO7cg) breast tumor model, a less pronounced, not statistically significant, smaller tumor size was found in the old mice, without a difference in the percentage of CD8(+) T cells or Mage-b expression levels. However, in this mouse model almost all metastases showed high levels of Mage-b expression (2- to 3-fold higher than the primary tumors in the same animals) regardless of age. These results indicate that the metastatic and nonmetastatic breast tumor models could be useful model systems to analyze how breast cancer vaccines for humans can be tailored to old age.
Enol ethers as substrates for efficient Z- and enantioselective ring-opening/cross-metathesis reactions promoted by stereogenic-at-Mo complexes: utility in chemical synthesis and mechanistic attributes. (2012)

The first examples of catalytic enantioselective ring-opening/cross-metathesis (EROCM) reactions that involve enol ethers are reported. Specifically, we demonstrate that catalytic EROCM of several oxa- and azabicycles, cyclobutenes and a cyclopropene with an alkyl- or aryl-substituted enol ether proceed readily in the presence of a stereogenic-at-Mo monopyrrolide-monoaryloxide. In some instances, as little as 0.15 mol % of the catalytically active alkylidene is sufficient to promote complete conversion within 10 min. The desired products are formed in up to 90% yield and >99:1 enantiomeric ratio (er) with the disubstituted enol ether generated in >90% Z selectivity. The enol ether of the enantiomerically enriched products can be easily differentiated from the terminal alkene through a number of functionalization procedures that lead to the formation of useful intermediates for chemical synthesis (e.g., efficient acid hydrolysis to afford the enantiomerically enriched carboxaldehyde). In certain cases, enantioselectivity is strongly dependent on enol ether concentration: larger equivalents of the cross partner leads to the formation of products of high enantiomeric purity (versus near racemic products with one equivalent). The length of reaction time can be critical to product enantiomeric purity; high enantioselectivity in reactions that proceed to >98% conversion in as brief a reaction time as 30 s can be nearly entirely eroded within 30 min. Mechanistic rationale that accounts for the above characteristics of the catalytic process is provided.
B36 Development of a linear-motor-driven table with hydrostatic water bearings : Static characteristics of the table system (2008)

A linear-motor-driven table system equipped with hydrostatic water bearings is developed. The table system is equipped with one-side-recess-type bearings and the slide table is preloaded by an atiractive force of linear-motor magnet The sustaining force and static stifihess of the table is affected by flow rate of water and load on the table. The fundamental performance of the system is experimentally investigated and the detected data are compared with theoretical values. As the result, the measured sustaining force and static stilThess is smaller than theoretical values. The reason of this is the leakage of water from the bearing surfaces. In consideration of the additional clearance due to the leakage, the measured values approximately correspond to the theoretical ones.
TIM-4 Identifies IFN-γ–Expressing Proinflammatory B Effector 1 Cells That Promote Tumor and Allograft Rejection (2017)

B cells give rise to polarized subsets, including B effector 1 (Be1) cells and regulatory B cells, which can promote or inhibit immune responses through expression of IFN-γ and IL-10, respectively. Such subsets likely explain why B cell depletion can either ameliorate or exacerbate inflammatory diseases; however, these cells remain poorly understood because of the absence of specific markers. Although T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing molecule (TIM)-1 broadly identifies IL-10<sup>+</sup> regulatory B cells, no similar markers for Be1 cells have been described. We now show that TIM-4 is expressed by a subset of B cells distinct from those expressing TIM-1. Although TIM-1<sup>+</sup> B cells are enriched for IL-10, TIM-4<sup>+</sup> B cells are enriched for IFN-γ. TIM-1<sup>+</sup> B cells enhanced the growth of B16-F10 melanoma. In contrast, TIM-4<sup>+</sup> B cells decreased B16-F10 metastasis and s.c. tumor growth, and this was IFN-γ dependent. TIM-1<sup>+</sup> B cells prolonged islet allograft survival in B-deficient mice, whereas TIM-4<sup>+</sup> B cells accelerated rejection in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Moreover, TIM-4<sup>+</sup> B cells promoted proinflammatory Th differentiation in vivo, increasing IFN-γ while decreasing IL-4, IL-10, and Foxp3 expression by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells-effects that are opposite from those of TIM-1<sup>+</sup> B cells. Importantly, a monoclonal anti-TIM-4 Ab promoted allograft tolerance, and this was dependent on B cell expression of TIM-4. Anti-TIM-4 downregulated T-bet and IFN-γ expression by TIM-4<sup>+</sup> B cells and indirectly increased IL-10 expression by TIM-1<sup>+</sup> B cells. Thus, TIM-4<sup>+</sup> B cells are enriched for IFN-γ-producing proinflammatory Be1 cells that enhance immune responsiveness and can be specifically targeted with anti-TIM-4.
Structural Optimization with Probabilistic Fracture Constraints in the Multidisciplinary Radome Optimization System (MROS) (2007)

‡§ Radome design presents a highly coupled problem that is well suited for a multidisciplinary approach. The Multidisciplinary Radome Optimization System (MROS) has been developed to provide a capability to improve the radome design process. Unlike many aerospace structures, radome material selection is driven by design considerations other than structural performance. As such, structural analysis of radomes is often conducted on brittle materials with significant dispersion in strength. To accurately determine the reliability of brittle radome structure, a probabilistic fracture analysis method is implemented in MROS. This probabilistic fracture analysis is incorporated in to a structural optimization routine for use in multidisciplinary optimization within MROS.
Supplementary Data from Merkel Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells Fluctuate with Merkel Cell Carcinoma Burden and Express Therapeutically Targetable PD-1 and Tim-3 Exhaustion Markers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data - PDF file 227K, Supplementaty Data Figure S1. Representative flow cytometry gating scheme for TIL and PBMC surface marker analysis. Figure S2. Representative data showing IFN-y production in response to no stimulation (top row) or to PMA/ionomycin stimulation (bottom row)&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical trial participation predicts improved survival in older adults receiving allogeneic blood and marrow transplant (2023)

Despite being demographically comparable, persons who enrolled in one non-therapeutic transplant study had significantly improved survivorship than those who did not participate in observational research. These findings suggest that there are unidentified factors that influence study involvement that may also impact disease survivorship, over-estimating outcomes from these studies. Results from prospective observational studies should be interpreted with the consideration that study participants have an improved chance of survival at baseline.
Performance Analysis of Passive-Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution (2023)

The passive decoy scheme represents a quantum key distribution protocol that employs a photon number resolving detector to selectively extract the decoy states from the signal states during post-processing. This selection process ensures resilience against attacks capable of distinguishing between these two states, thereby enhancing the security of the protocol. Previous research has emphasized the good performance of the protocol under optimal conditions. However, our study focuses on numerically evaluating the protocol performance in various practical scenarios. We aim to understand the implications of these scenarios in terms of the maximum attainable attenuation and bit rate per second, considering the number of photons per pulse sent under specific experimental conditions. Our findings demonstrate that opting for a low average photon number value ensures high tolerance to attenuation during communication, albeit at the cost of a reduced bit rate per second. Conversely, for lower attenuations, it is more advantageous to increase the average number of photons, even if it deviates from the ideal behaviour of a single-photon source. The benefit of selecting the decoy states at the end of the transmission remains consistent across different configurations. This research signifies an advancement in assessing the viability of incorporating the protocol within a practical QKD network.
Burst-Mode Wavelength Upconversion Using Gain-Clamped SOA for Applying WDM Technique to TDM-PON (2012)

We propose a WDM/TDM-PON utilizing AOWC. ~23 nm multiple- to single-wavelength upconversion for 1.25 Gbit/s burst-mode signals is realized by GC-SOA. The measured optical equalization is &gt;8 dB and average latency is &lt;1.2 ms.
Dual-Layer-Compatible Optical Head: Integration with a Liquid-Crystal Panel (2003)

A liquid-crystal (LC) panel was integrated into a two-axis electromagnetic actuator in order to realize a dual-layer-compatible optical head for "Blu-ray Disc" systems. This head configuration can actively compensate the cover layer difference of up to nearly 40 µm thickness. Our novel driving method of mixing the controlling signals into four metal wire suspensions can maintain the dynamic performance of the optical head and has achieved a servo bandwidth beyond 5 kHz both in the focusing and in the tracking directions. We also confirmed its optical performance by recording and reproducing 17PP signals on a dual-layer phase-change disc and verified a 46.6 GB storage capacity. In addition, our optical head has interlayer accessibility within 20 ms and satisfies the requirement for a dual-layer disc system. By using this integrated optical head instead of a beam expander, a compact optical pickup for a dual-layer storage system can be realized.
Abstract CT121: A Phase II trial of guadecitabine (G) plus atezolizumab (A) in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) progressing after initial checkpoint inhibitor therapy (2021)

Abstract Introduction: We report the results of a phase II trial testing the hypothesis that adding the hypomethylating agent G to the PDL1 inhibitor A in patients with mUC who developed primary or acquired resistance to checkpoint blockade (CB) will overcome this resistance by (1) eliciting viral mimicry in the tumor tissue to potentiate and reinvigorate anti-tumor immunity, (2) epigenetic reprogramming of T lymphocytes to overcome exhaustion. Methods: Pts with mUC resistant to CB accrued at 3 centers were treated with G 45mg/m2 daily days 1-5 every 6 wks and A 1200mg every 3 wks. After initial safety lead in with 6 patients, trial was designed to add 37 additional patients. The primary endpoint was ORR. Correlative analyses included analysis of peripheral blood T cells and tumor tissue collected at baseline and once during treatment. Results: 21 pts were enrolled. 20 pts were evaluable for response. Best response was PD (16), SD (4). 10 patients progressed clinically prompting earlier than scheduled (12 wk) imaging. Four pts exhibited a “hyperprogression” phenotype exhibiting rapid acceleration of tumor growth rate starting with initiation of therapy. At presepcified interim analysis it was determined that the trial would not meet its primary endpoint and it closed early. Median PFS 2.6 mo, median OS 8 mo. The 4 patients with SD maintained that status for median 13 months (range 9-15 mo). Global DNA methylome and transcriptome profiles from pre- and post-treatment tumor samples revealed a lack of transposable element-induced viral mimicry activation, which correlated with minimal DNA demethylation being induced in the tumors. Of note, flow cytometry-based immune profiling of peripheral blood from patients suggests a correlation between increased progression-free survival (PFS) with 1) lower expression of DNAM-1 on mature NK cells and 2) lower expression of CD39 on CD8+ effector T cells at time of inclusion on the trial. Conclusions: While no responses were seen, both prolonged SD and hyperprogression were seen. Further tissue and peripheral blood based analyses are ongoing to elucidate the biological determinates of this dichotomy. Citation Format: Elizabeth R. Plimack, Kerry Campbell, Jean-Pierre J. Issa, Noah M. Hahn, David I. Quinn, Hyo Sik Jang, Galen Hostetter, Peter W. Nichols, Woonbok Chung, Jozef Madzo, Hitoshi Ohtani, Hui Shen, Toshinori Hinoue, Stephen B. Baylin, Peter A. Jones. A Phase II trial of guadecitabine (G) plus atezolizumab (A) in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) progressing after initial checkpoint inhibitor therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr CT121.
Dynamics of Polyether Polyols and Polyether Carbonate Polyols (2016)

The presence of carbonate groups along the polymer backbone of polyether carbonate polyols leads to distinctly different physicochemical properties compared to structurally related polyether polyols. For instance, polyether carbonate polyols are characterized by their substantially higher viscosity. Targeting at understanding the underlying reasons for the different properties, we carried out detailed diffusion and viscosity studies on a series of diols with molecular weights in the oligomer range. We found that conventional polyether diols are subject to few topological constraints and show classic diffusiveness over a broad molecular weight range. In comparison, polyether carbonate diols exhibit much stronger topological constraints and form temporarily fixed networks on the same time scale. This results in time-dependent diffusion coefficients, a distinctive phenomenon, which is analogous to subdiffusion in porous media. Accordingly, the dynamics of polyether carbonate diols in melt is very different from the dynamics of polyether diols. Such detailed understanding of the properties of polyols, which are widely used bulk chemicals in polyurethane manufacture, seems essential for introducing CO2-derived polyether carbonate polyols as sustainable building blocks for well-defined polyurethane materials.
Transient Chaotic Mode Competition in Nd3+-Doped Fiber Lasers (1990)

The study of transient oscillations in Nd 3+ -doped fiber lasers shows that a chaotic spiking is obtained either for high pumping rates and/or at low temperatures. An improved laser model is proposed to understand this irregular behaviour. Using a multimode formalism, we show that a small homogeneous to inhomogeneous linewidths ratio leads to a strongly irregular spiking. The spectra of the laser emission reveal then a high number of active cavity modes.
Evaluation of producer’s and consumer’s risks in scatterometry and scanning electron microscopy metrology for inline critical dimension metrology (2006)

Measurement characteristics in scatterometry and critical dimension-scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM) for lot acceptance sampling of inline CD metrology were investigated by using a statistical approach with Monte Carlo simulation. By operation characteristics curve analysis, producer's risk and consumer's risk arising from sampling were clarified. Single use of scatterometry involves a higher risk, such risk being particularly acute in the case of large intrachip CD variation because it is unable to sufficiently monitor intrachip CD variation including local CD error. Substituting scatterometry for conventional SEM metrology is accompanied with risks, resulting in the increase of unnecessary cost. The combined use of scatterometry and SEM metrology in which the sampling plan for SEM is controlled by scatterometry is a promising metrology from the viewpoint of the suppression of risks and cost. This is due to the effect that CD errors existing in the distribution tails are efficiently caught.
Photonics-Assisted Beamforming for 5G Communications (2018)

In the last year, beamforming has become a hot research topic, due to the perspective of its massive deployment in the RF access segment of future 5G mobile networks. This letter is a review of some possible implementations reported in the literature of photonic integrated circuits for the realization of phase shift (PS)-based beamforming networks for radio frequency signals, suitable for future 5G communications. The results demonstrate the possibility of ultrafast beamsteering reconfiguration (~1 ns), large applied PS (>400°), stable operation at high carrier frequencies (tens of gigahertz) over a wide signal bandwidth (~ 6 GHz), and low power consumption (tens of milliwatts).