gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Grenzen der Religionsfreiheit am Beispiel des Islam (2010)

Abstract Muslime wollen den Islam, ihre Religion, auch in Deutschland leben. Sie bauen Moscheen und Minarette, welche die Herrschaft Allahs propagieren. Musliminnen kleiden sich wie im Orient. Schon ruft der Muezzin zum Gebet. Die Scharia soll möglichst zur Geltung kommen. Dafür berufen sich die Muslime auf die Religionsfreiheit und werden darin, soweit irgendwie tragbar, von Politik, Rechtsprechung, Medien und Wissenschaft unterstützt. Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat die Freiheiten des Glaubens und des Bekenntnisses und die Gewährleistung der ungestörten Religionsausübung zu einem vorbehaltlosen Grundrecht der Religionsfreiheit zusammengefaßt und dieses nicht nur weit ausgedehnt, sondern auch in einen denkbar hohen Rang gehoben. Nur gegenläufigen verfassungsrangigen Prinzipien muß das Grundrecht, zu leben und zu handeln, wie es die Religion gebietet, weichen. Die schicksalhafte Dogmatik ist neu zu bedenken, weil der Islam eine verbindliche Lebensordnung ist, die mit westlicher Kultur schwerlich vereinbar ist. Die Säkularität ist ihm fremd. Der aufklärerische Vorrang des Staatlichen vor dem Religiösen ist religionspluralistisch zwingend. Grundrechte, die freiheitliche demokratische Ordnung umzuwälzen, kann es wegen des gegenläufigen Widerstandsrechts nicht geben. Auch die Religionsgrundrechte lassen es nicht zu, daß die Erste Welt, das Diesseits, von Vorstellungen einer Zweiten Welt, des Jenseits, beherrscht wird. Die Dogmatik der Religionsgrundrechte wirft Fragen nach Meinen, Wissen und Glauben, nach politischer Freiheit und religiöser Herrschaft, nach Diesseits und Jenseits, nach Staat und Religion auf, die Frage nach einer Republik, deren fundamentales Prinzip die Freiheit der Bürger ist, die demokratisch zum Recht finden.* 1940 Hütten/Pommern; Altsprachliches Abitur Berlin 1960; Studium der Rechte Berlin, Bonn, Tübingen; 1964, 1969 Staatsexamina Berlin; 1969 Dr. iur. FU Berlin; 1986 Habilitation Staats-, Verwaltungs-, privates und öffentliches Wirtschaftsrecht, Rechtswissenschaft I, Hamburg; 1969-80 Rechtsanwalt in Berlin; 1972-78 Professor für Wirtschaftsrecht Berlin Abendstudium; 1978-89 Universitätsprofessor Wirtschaftsrecht Hamburg; seit 1989 Ordinarius für öffentliches Recht Erlangen-Nürnberg; 2005 emeritiert.
Change of phase with radiation interaction (1980)

This investigation presents a numerical solution for the phase change problem which involves radiation penetration through the liquid zone. The approach is based on the use of Taylor series expansion for the temperature in the neighborhood of the melt line and usual finite-difference formulation of the field equations in both the solid and liquid regions, away from the melting zone.
Polymer Brushes via Controlled, Surface‐Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) from Graphene Oxide (2009)

A method for growing polymers directly from the surface of graphene oxide is demonstrated. The technique involves the covalent attachment of an initiator followed by the polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate, or butyl acrylate using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The resulting materials were characterized using a range of techniques and were found to significantly improve the solubility properties of graphene oxide. The surface-grown polymers were saponified from the surface and also characterized. Based on these results, the ATRP reactions were determined to proceed in a controlled manner and were found to leave the structure of the graphene oxide largely intact.
Proposal of a novel BeZnSeTe quaternary for II‐VI middle range visible light emitting devices on InP substrates (2004)

Abstract A novel BeZnSeTe quaternary has been proposed for active layers of II–VI visible light emitting devices on InP substrates. BeZnSeTe, which lattice parameters were matched to InP, were grown on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The Be composition was changed from 0.11 to 0.35. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these samples at 15 K showed single peak emissions with wavelengths from 487 to 506 nm without any deep level emission. From the reflectivity and PL spectra at 15 K, the Γ–Γ direct and Γ–X indirect bandgaps of BeZnSeTe were evaluated, and it is shown that the crossover point from direct to indirect is around Be composition of 0.3. Applying the BeZnSeTe for the active layer, visible light emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated on InP substrates by MBE, resulting in yellow light single peak emissions around 575 nm at room temperature. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Aminofluorene and Acetylaminofluorene DNA Adducts on Transcriptional Elongation by RNA Polymerase II (1996)

A prominent model for the mechanism of transcription-coupled DNA repair proposes that an arrested RNA polymerase directs the nucleotide excision repair complex to the transcription-blocking lesion. The specific role for RNA polymerase II in this mechanism can be examined by comparing the extent of polymerase arrest with the extent of transcription-coupled repair for a specific DNA lesion. Previously we reported that a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer that is repaired preferentially in transcribed genes is a strong block to transcript elongation by RNA pol II (Donahue, B.A., Yin, S., Taylor, J.-S., Reines, D., and Hanawalt, P. C. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 8502-8506). Here we report the extent of RNA polymerase II arrest by the C-8 guanine DNA adduct formed by N-2-aminofluorene, a lesion that does not appear to be preferentially repaired. Templates for an in vitro transcription assay were constructed with either an N-2-aminofluorene adduct or the helix-distorting N-2-acetylaminofluorene adduct situated at a specific site downstream from the major late promoter of adenovirus. Consistent with the model for transcription-coupled repair, an aminofluorene adduct located on the transcribed strand was a weak pause site for RNA polymerase II. An acetylaminofluorene adduct located on the transcribed strand was an absolute block to transcriptional elongation. Either adduct located on the nontranscribed strand enhanced polymerase arrest at a nearby sequence-specific pause site.
Dynamically Scalable, Fault-Tolerant Coordination on a Shared Logging Service (2013)

Coordination services provide the means for distributed applications to share resources. Many coordination services provide a hierarchical namespace with strongly consistent semantics that applications utilize to build basic primitives such as locks and queues. In this paper, we explore a fresh approach which uses a shared log as a flexible, raw substrate for implementing coordination primitives. We show that we can reduce an existing coordination service, ZooKeeper, to use a shared log, and show that a shared log offers benefits such as high performance and dynamic reconfigurability. Our design comprises several desirable properties that were recently introduced as enhancements to ZooKeeper, such as reconfiguration and client scale-out.
Paper-Centric Interaction Concepts for Collaborative Learning (2008)

Field studies show that in many learning settings paper has intrinsic advantages over electronic documents. In this paper we present concepts for the collaborative annotation and structuring of paper documents and digital documents in both distributed and co-located settings. The CoScribe prototype supports the annotation of printed lecture slides and collaborative sharing of annotations. Digital Paper Bookmarks and tag buttons are means for the efficient semantic structuring, indexing and tagging of paper documents. We then detail on results of an ethnographic study on learning group meetings. These demonstrate that printed and digital documents form one document space and that personal interactions go in hand with manipulating documents. Based on these findings we present the design of a prototype which supports efficient annotation and structuring in co-located learning group meetings.
Control of mode volume and radiation dynamics of a slow-light-mode in a quasi-3D photonic crystal configuration (2008)

We propose a new approach to realise surface addressable active photonic crystal devices. High Q-factor and low optical volume can be achieved combining lateral control of the mode size by a local modulation of the planar photonic crystal parameters, and vertical confinement assisted by a Bragg reflector. The low Q-factor of a 1D PC band edge mode can be increased up to 40000, while the optical mode volume is limited at the wavelength scale. Experimental results on laser operation achieved using this strategy in the case of an InP-based PC membrane bonded onto a Si/SiO2 Bragg reflector will be presented.
Matching Loblolly Pine Families to Regeneration Sites (1988)

Abstract The family block system has several advantages that make it a desirable method for deploying genetically improved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Orchard and nursery productivity can be improved with family block management, and families can be matched to sites. Soil properties and productivity levels are criteria that should be used by foresters to decide where available families should best be planted. The appropriate strategy for matching individual families to sites is dependent on (1) the magnitude of genotype by environmental (G x E) interaction within the applicable breeding region, and (2) the identification of causal site factors. Given the absence of substantial family rank change, shorter orchard service life, and the high cost of edaphic screening, foresters are advised to plant the best half-sib families on the best sites. South. J. Appl. For. 12(3):166-169.
Syndrome of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Research Statement (2022)

<b>Background:</b> The presence of emphysema is relatively common in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. This has been designated combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). The lack of consensus over definitions and diagnostic criteria has limited CPFE research. <b>Goals:</b> The objectives of this task force were to review the terminology, definition, characteristics, pathophysiology, and research priorities of CPFE and to explore whether CPFE is a syndrome. <b>Methods:</b> This research statement was developed by a committee including 19 pulmonologists, 5 radiologists, 3 pathologists, 2 methodologists, and 2 patient representatives. The final document was supported by a focused systematic review that identified and summarized all recent publications related to CPFE. <b>Results:</b> This task force identified that patients with CPFE are predominantly male, with a history of smoking, severe dyspnea, relatively preserved airflow rates and lung volumes on spirometry, severely impaired Dl<sub>CO</sub>, exertional hypoxemia, frequent pulmonary hypertension, and a dismal prognosis. The committee proposes to identify CPFE as a syndrome, given the clustering of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, shared pathogenetic pathways, unique considerations related to disease progression, increased risk of complications (pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, and/or mortality), and implications for clinical trial design. There are varying features of interstitial lung disease and emphysema in CPFE. The committee offers a research definition and classification criteria and proposes that studies on CPFE include a comprehensive description of radiologic and, when available, pathological patterns, including some recently described patterns such as smoking-related interstitial fibrosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> This statement delineates the syndrome of CPFE and highlights research priorities.
Enhanced Response Time of Electrowetting Lenses with Shaped Input Voltage Functions (2017)

Adaptive optical lenses based on the electrowetting principle are being rapidly implemented in many applications, such as microscopy, remote sensing, displays, and optical communication. To characterize the response of these electrowetting lenses, the dependence upon direct current (DC) driving voltage functions was investigated in a low-viscosity liquid system. Cylindrical lenses with inner diameters of 2.45 and 3.95 mm were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the liquids under DC voltage electrowetting actuation. With the increase of the rise time of the input exponential driving voltage, the originally underdamped system response can be damped, enabling a smooth response from the lens. We experimentally determined the optimal rise times for the fastest response from the lenses. We have also performed numerical simulations of the lens actuation with input exponential driving voltage to understand the variation in the dynamics of the liquid-liquid interface with various input rise times. We further enhanced the response time of the devices by shaping the input voltage function with multiple exponential rise times. For the 3.95 mm inner diameter lens, we achieved a response time improvement of 29% when compared to the fastest response obtained using single-exponential driving voltage. The technique shows great promise for applications that require fast response times.
HOXA9 Is a Novel Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 832 We hypothesized that new therapeutic targets for multiple myeloma (MM) could be discovered through the integrative computational analysis of genomic data. Accordingly, we generated gene expression profiling and copy number data on 250 clinically-annotated MM patient samples. Utilizing an outlier statistical approach, we identified HOXA9 as the top candidate gene for further investigation. HOXA9 expression was particularly high in patients lacking canonical MM chromosomal translocations, and allele-specific expression analysis suggested that this overexpression was mono-allelic. Indeed, focal copy number amplifications at the HOXA locus were observed in some patients. Outlier HOXA9 expression was further validated in both a collection of 52 MM cell lines and 414 primary patient samples previously described. To further verify the aberrant expression of HOXA9 in MM, we performed quantitative RT-PCR, which confirmed expression in all MM patients and cell lines tested, with high-level expression in a subset. To further investigate the mechanism of aberrant HOXA9 expression, we interrogated the pattern of histone modification at the HOXA locus because HOXA gene expression is particularly regulated by such chromatin marks. Accordingly, immunoprecipitation studies showed an aberrantly low level of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation marks (H3K27me3) at the HOXA9 locus. H3K27me3 modification is normally associated with silencing of HOXA9 in normal B-cell development. As such, it appears likely that the aberrant expression of HOXA9 in MM is due at least in part to defects in histone modification at this locus. To determine the functional consequences of HOXA9 expression in MM, we performed RNAi-mediated knock-down experiments in MM cell lines. Seven independent HOXA9 shRNAs that diminished HOXA9 expression resulted in growth inhibition of 12/14 MM cell lines tested. Taken together, these experiments indicate that HOXA9 is essential for survival of MM cells, and that the mechanism of HOXA9 expression relates to aberrant histone modification at the HOXA9 locus. The data thus suggest that HOXA9 is an attractive new therapeutic target for MM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
MP67-02 DOES PRE-OPERATIVE PENILE ULTRASOUND HELP WITH SURGICAL PLANNING IN PATIENTS WITH PEYRONIE'S DISEASE AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION? (2018)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Plaque calcification has been shown to reduce the success of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) treatment for Peyronie 0 s Disease (PD). We therefore sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of using penile ultrasound (US) to identify plaque calcification and guide subsequent management of patients with PD.
Evaluation of Ascorbic Acid or Curcumin Formulated in a Solid Dispersion on Salmonella Enteritidis Infection and Intestinal Integrity in Broiler Chickens (2019)

Two experimental models were conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) or curcumin formulated in a solid dispersion (SD-CUR) as prophylactic or therapeutic alternatives to prevent or control <i>S.</i> Enteritidis (SE) infection in broiler chickens. In the prophylactic model, dietary administration of AA showed a significant reduction in SE counts in crop compared to the positive control (PC) group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas in cecal tonsils (CT), SD-CUR significantly reduced SE recovery. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in chickens supplemented with AA or SD-CUR, and total intestinal IgA levels were significantly lower in both treatments when compared to the PC group. Serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) levels were reduced by SD-CUR compared to PC, while AA presented significantly lower total aerobic bacteria. In the therapeutic model, only the dietary administration of AA significantly decreased SE in crop and CT on days 3 and 10 post-challenge. FITC-d levels were significantly lower in both treated groups in comparison to PC, but IgA levels were significantly reduced only by AA. The results suggest that dietary AA and SD-CUR have different modes of action to reduce SE intestinal colonization in two different challenge models in broiler chickens.
WHOLE-BODY MRI TO ASSESS SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND FRAILTY DEVELOPMENT (2019)

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and frailty have been linked at the mechanistic and epidemiological levels. Our goal is to identify if subclinical markers such as atherosclerosis, body composition, and fibrofatty infiltration measured from non-contrast whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are markers of physical frailty. Community dwelling older adults with frailty status ascertained by Fried measurement are being recruited from an aging studies registry. MRI is performed using a Canon Galan3T with dedicated coils. Preliminary analysis from 4 frail individuals (86±15 years, 3 female, BMI=22±3kg/m2) and 2 age-matched robust controls (86±1 years, 1 female, BMI=28±0.2kg/m2) is presented. Of 4 frail one had a prior heart attack; one was previously diagnosed with heart failure. Mean atheroma score from 28 vessel segments (0.42±0.26 vs 0.18±0.10) and aortic tortuosity (2.3±0.4 vs 2.1±0.1) were higher in frail compared to robust indicative of higher atherosclerotic burden and vascular stiffness. Mean subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes were lower in frail compared to robust. However, mean myocardial (1113±27 vs 1089±2), liver (729±92 vs 683±104) and skeletal muscle (1106±25 vs 1072±64) T1 times (milliseconds) were each higher indicative of greater diffuse interstitial fibrosis. Averaged intramuscular fat percent measured across the pelvis, forearm, pectus, thigh, and calf was higher in frail compared to robust (14.8±4.1% vs 8.5±2.3%) indicative of higher fatty infiltration. Although these early results do not reach statistical significance, they support further study to determine cardiovascular and tissue related differences between physically frail and robust older adults, which in turn may inform intervention developments for frailty and CVD.
Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Obtained During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery Show Potential for Tendon Cell Differentiation After Treatment With Insulin (2011)

The potential for MSCs to differentiate into tendon after a 1-time dose of insulin may assist in developing practical biologic options for augmentation of rotator cuff repairs.
Obliteration of the Gallbladder Without Formal Cholecystectomy (1984)

Obliteration of the gallbladder without formal cholecystectomy was attempted in 36 rabbits, using an open technique for cannulation of the gallbladder during laparotomy. The gallbladder was cannulated, the proximal cystic duct was occluded with cyanoacrylate-nitrocellulose 2% wt/wt, and the gallbladder mucosa was exposed to various sclerosing agents to induce fibrosis. Heated 60% diatrizoate meglumine and absolute alcohol induced a controllable chronic cholecystitis with transmural fibrosis within two weeks, a result not seen with morrhuate sodium or in the control groups. All animals survived without complications, and no instances of common bile duct damage or occlusion was noted. The results reported are promising and indicate the need for further studies of this technique for its efficacy and safety.
Effects of compressive stress on electric-field-induced phase transition of antiferroelectric ceramics (2019)

In certain lead zirconate titanate compositions, the antiferroelectric (AFE) phase can be driven to the ferroelectric (FE) phase by electric field, and the induced FE phase can either revert to AFE or remain FE upon removal of the electric field. This results in a double or single hysteresis loop, respectively. To further explore the effects of the FE-AFE phase transition on electrical energy storage and conversion, two types of AFE ceramics were fabricated, and the effects of compressive stress on the AFE-FE phase transition were investigated. Compressive stress suppresses the volume increase associated with the AFE-FE transition, thus hindering the phase transition. Compressive stress also hinders polarization orientation in the FE phase, thus increasing the field necessary to achieve saturation polarization. For AFE compositions displaying a double hysteresis loop, the electrical energy storage performance can be enhanced by compressive stress. For the AFE compositions with a single hysteresis loop, the remanent polarization of the induced FE phase decreased and the coercive field did not change much within the range of compressive stress applied. In addition, the remanent polarization was reduced by 50% under a compressive stress of 126 MPa, indicating that this composition is a candidate for mechanical-electrical energy conversion.