gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional targeting modalities in breast cancer gene therapy using adenovirus vectors controlled by α-lactalbumin promoter (2005)

The breast-specific antigen alpha-lactalbumin is expressed in >60% of breast cancer tissues. To evaluate the effect of gene therapy for breast cancer by controlling adenovirus replication with human alpha-lactalbumin promoter, we investigated the activity of a 762-bp human alpha-lactalbumin promoter. Alpha-lactalbumin promoter showed significantly higher activity in MDA-MB-435S and T47D breast cancer cells than in normal breast cell lines or other tumor cell lines. We then developed two novel breast cancer-restricted replicative adenoviruses, AdALAE1a and AdE1aALAE1b. In AdALAE1a, expression of adenoviral E1a gene is under the control of alpha-lactalbumin promoter, and in AdE1aALAE1b, expression of both E1a and E1b genes is under the control of a single alpha-lactalbumin promoter. Both breast cancer-restricted replicative adenoviruses showed viral replication efficiency and tumor cell-killing capability similar to wild-type adenovirus in MDA-MB-435S and T47D cells. The replication efficiency and tumor cell-killing capability of both viruses were attenuated significantly in cells that did not support alpha-lactalbumin promoter. AdE1aALAE1b showed better breast cancer-restricted replication than AdALAE1a, suggesting that a transcriptional targeting modality with alpha-lactalbumin promoter controlling both E1a and E1b gene expression is superior to alpha-lactalbumin promoter controlling only E1a gene expression. Importantly, we found that AdE1aALAE1b could be used to target hormone-independent breast tumors in vivo by inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-435S s.c. tumors. These data showed that alpha-lactalbumin promoter could regulate the replication of adenovirus to target hormone-independent breast cancers, suggesting that alpha-lactalbumin promoter can be used to develop a novel therapeutic modality for hormone-independent breast cancer.
Self‐organized Ruthenium–Barium Core–Shell Nanoparticles on a Mesoporous Calcium Amide Matrix for Efficient Low‐Temperature Ammonia Synthesis (2018)

Abstract A low‐temperature ammonia synthesis process is required for on‐site synthesis. Barium‐doped calcium amide (Ba‐Ca(NH 2 ) 2 ) enhances the efficacy of ammonia synthesis mediated by Ru and Co by 2 orders of magnitude more than that of a conventional Ru catalyst at temperatures below 300 °C. Furthermore, the presented catalysts are superior to the wüstite‐based Fe catalyst, which is known as a highly active industrial catalyst at low temperatures and pressures. Nanosized Ru–Ba core–shell structures are self‐organized on the Ba‐Ca(NH 2 ) 2 support during H 2 pretreatment, and the support material is simultaneously converted into a mesoporous structure with a high surface area (&gt;100 m 2 g −1 ). These self‐organized nanostructures account for the high catalytic performance in low‐temperature ammonia synthesis.
High Reliability, Long Lifetime, Continuous Wave H⁻ Ion Source (2015)

Phoenix Nuclear Labs (PNL) is developing a high-current, long-lifetime negative hydrogen (H⁻) ion source in partnership with Fermilab as part of an ion beam injector for future Intensity Frontier particle accelerators. In this application, continuous output with long lifetime and high reliability and efficiency are critical. Existing ion sources at Fermilab rely on plasma-facing electrodes and are limited to lifetimes of a few hundred hours, while requiring relatively high gas loads on downstream components. PNL's H⁻ ion source uses an electrodeless microwave plasma generator which has been extensively developed in PNL's positive ion source systems, demonstrating 1000+ hours of operation and &gt;99% continuous uptime. A magnetic filter preferentially blocks energetic electrons produced in the plasma, while allowing cold electrons and fast neutrals through toward a cesiated surface converter to produce the desired H⁻ ions, which are extracted into a low energy beam using electrostatic lenses. The design specifications are 5-10 mA of continuous H⁻ current at 30 keV with &lt;0.2 pi-mm-mrad beam emittance. Construction and testing of the H⁻ ion source is underway at PNL.
Dynamic observation of MoSiBTiC alloy phase transitions using in situ ultrahigh-temperature X-ray diffraction measurement (2020)

In situ ultrahigh-temperature XRD measurement of a MoSiBTiC alloy was carried out using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell and synchrotron radiation. This technique revealed the complicated dynamic behavior of phase transitions in the MoSiBTiC alloy on heating above 1950 °C. The MoSiBTiC alloy initially consisted of Mo solid solution (Moss), Mo5B2Si (T2), TiC, Mo2B, Mo3Si, and Mo2C phases. The Mo2B, Mo3Si, and Mo2C phases disappeared on heating at ~1647 °C. The Moss grains coarsened during heating and the Moss, TiC, and T2 phases were present >1950 °C. The obtained results verified the solidification pathway of the MoSiBTiC alloy.
Neoplastic Transformation in Human Cell Culture (1991)

The role of carcinogenic agents in the deveolopment of human cancers is now being defined using a variety of human cells as experi mental model systems. A workshop on "neoplastic transformation in hum
Two-stage, 161-kV, fuseless shunt capacitor bank (2014)

A unique capacitor bank design providing two switching stages of capacitive reactive power, or two capacitor banks, on the same number of rack foundations as one conventional fuseless capacitor bank. In the first stage, a circuit switcher energizes a capacitor bank where-in the top portion of the bank the capacitor units are energized at their rated voltage and in the bottom portion the units are energized at half-rated voltage. When additional reactive power is needed, the top portion of the bank is bypassed and the remaining units now have rated voltage on them. This second stage, within the same bank, provides double the reactive power of the first stage with fewer capacitors in the circuit. To the authors' knowledge, TVA is the only utility to install this design concept of a two-stage capacitor bank.
Power Consumption Model of a Mobile GPU Based on Rendering Complexity (2013)

This paper presents a mathematical model for predicting power consumption of a mobile device when it is rendering 3D graphics. The model is based on 3D primitives (triangles, render batches, texels), and hence is hardware agnostic. With the model, a complexity of any given 3D scene can be predicted already at a production phase without access to the actual target hardware. This paper describes how the power consumption model is derived. The model is verified with measurements of real-world content and hardware. With the given hardware, 3D data and given verification scenarios, the model is able to predict the total power consumption with an error ranging from 0.3% to 3.2%.
Crosstalk in the Retinal Neurovascular Unit – Lessons for the Diabetic Retina (2012)

Diabetic retinopathy shares important features with neurodegenerative retinal diseases, including loss of ganglion cells and retinal thinning. The impact on vasoregression and subsequent ischemia-driven changes such as macular edema and proliferative retinopathy are not established. Studies using adult neurodegenerative animal models such as the transgenic TGR(CMV-PKD2(1/703)HA) rat imply early activation of the innate immunity system and the complement system as well as microglia playing a role in the damage of the retinal neurovascular unit.
Inflammatory Ly-6Chi monocytes play an important role in the development of severe transplant arteriosclerosis in hyperlipidemic recipients (2012)

Our study identifies for the first time the involvement of inflammatory Ly-6C(hi) monocytes into the pathogenesis of TA, particularly in conditions of hyperlipidemia. Targeted therapies modulating the recruitment and activation of these cells could potentially delay coronary allograft vasculopathy and improve long-term survival of heart transplant recipients.
Demonstration of an optoelectronic interconnect architecture for a parallel modified signed‐digit adder and subtracter (1996)

A space-position-logic-encoding scheme is proposed and demonstrated, This encoding scheme not only makes the best use of the convenience of binary logic operation, but is also suitable for the trinary property of modified signed-digit (MSD) numbers. Based on the space-position-logic-encoding scheme, a fully parallel modified signed-digit adder and subtracter is built using optoelectronic switch technologies in conjunction with fiber-multistage 3-D optoelectronic interconnects, Thus an effective combination of a parallel algorithm and a parallel architecture is implemented. In addition, the performance of the optoelectronic switches used in this system is experimentally studied and verified. Both the 3-bit experimental model and the experimental results of a parallel addition and a parallel subtraction are provided and discussed. Finally, the speed ratio between the MSD adder and binary adders is discussed and the advantage of the MSD in operating speed is demonstrated. (C) 1996 Society of Photo-Optical instrumentation Engineers.
Fractal colloidal aggregates with finite interparticle interactions: Energy dependence of the fractal dimension (1990)

We have studied the aggregation of colloidal gold particles with finite interparticle attraction energies with static light scattering and the combination of conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM. The finite interparticle attraction energies are achieved by adding a surfactant in the suspension via adsorption. The interparticle interaction can be changed by changing the amount of the surfactant. Using a modified Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory to describe the interparticle interaction, we show that (i) the aggregates of colloidal particles can still be fractal objects with a finite interparticle attraction and (ii) the fractal dimension changes with the interparticle attraction energy, in agreement with the computer simulations of Shih, Aksay, and Kikuchi [Phys. Rev. A 36, 5015 (1987)].
P075 MICROBIAL INDUCTION OF TL1A LINKS PROTECTIVE AND PATHOGENIC ROLES FOR GROUP 3 INNATE LYMPHOID CELLS IN COLITIS (2018)

and a novel IL-33-GFP reporter mouse to characterize the IL-33-producing cell types in the gut in health and various inflammatory or infection conditions. Besides epithelial cells there are several immune and structural cell populations that express IL-33 at a high level at steady state or in disease. To address the significance of these cell types in IL-33 production, we have employed an IL-33 floxed mouse. Importantly, we show that besides epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are crucial producers of IL-33 in gastrointestinal parasite infection and gut inflammation models. P074
Supplementary Data from First-in-Human Study of AT13148, a Dual ROCK-AKT Inhibitor in Patients with Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria and Pharmacokinetic Analytical Method&lt;/p&gt;
Pulse Shaping for 112 Gbit/s Polarization Multiplexed 16-QAM Signals Using a 21 GSa/s DAC (2011)

The implications of increasing the symbol rate for a given digital-to-analog converter (DAC) sampling rate are investigated by considering the generation of 112 Gbit/s PM 16-QAM signals (14 Gsym/s) using a 21 GSa/s DAC with 6-bit resolution.
Structural analysis of the Asn152Gly mutant of P99 cephalosporinase (2012)

P99 cephalosporinase is a class C β-lactamase that is responsible in part for the widespread bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Mutations of the conserved active-site residue Asn152 of the enzyme have been shown to alter β-lactam substrate specificity in vivo. Mutation of Asn152 to a glycine is notable in that it exhibits in vivo substrate-selectivity switching. In order to better understand the structural basis for this observed switch, the X-ray crystal structure of the apo Asn152Gly mutant of P99 was determined to 1.95 Å resolution. Unexpectedly, the artificial C-terminal His(6) tag of a symmetrically-related molecule was observed bound in the active site. The His(6) tag makes several interactions with key active-site residues, as well as with several sulfate ions. Additionally, the overall C-terminus occupies the space left vacant upon the mutation of Asn152 to glycine.
Magnetic couplers in kickstands for wireless charging of electric bicycles (2014)

This paper investigates magnetic couplers which could potentially be installed within or around a kickstand of an electric bicycle to provide wireless charging capability to the bicycle. The bicycle kickstands considered were the side stand and bracket stand. A cylindrical solenoidal pickup and a solenoidal bar pickup are proposed to be housed in the side stand and bracket stand respectively. Two primary pads are proposed for each of those pickups. Each of these configurations are simulated and analyzed. It is shown that a solenoidal bar pickup with a Double-D provides the highest coupling while the solenoidal bar pickup and primary appears to be the cheapest option, utilizing the least amount of ferrite and copper. A Double-D primary pad with a solenoidal bar pickup was built and practical measurements were shown to match with simulation. The built magnetic coupler was used in a prototype system and is able to produce an output of 200W with an efficiency of 86%.
Prediction of EGFR and KRAS mutation in non-small cell lung cancer using quantitative 18F FDG-PET/CT metrics (2017)

This study investigated the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (<i>KRAS</i>) mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and quantitative FDG-PET/CT parameters including tumor heterogeneity. 131 patients with NSCLC underwent staging FDG-PET/CT followed by tumor resection and histopathological analysis that included testing for the <i>EGFR</i> and <i>KRAS</i> gene mutations. Patient and lesion characteristics, including smoking habits and FDG uptake parameters, were correlated to each gene mutation. Never-smoker (<i>P</i> < 0.001) or low pack-year smoking history (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and female gender (<i>p</i> = 0.047) were predictive factors for the presence of the EGFR mutations. Being a current or former smoker was a predictive factor for the KRAS mutations (<i>p</i> = 0.018). The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV<sub>max</sub>) of FDG uptake in lung lesions was a predictive factor of the <i>EGFR</i> mutations (<i>p</i> = 0.029), while metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis were not predictive. Amongst several tumor heterogeneity metrics included in our analysis, inverse coefficient of variation (1/COV) was a predictive factor (<i>p</i> < 0.02) of <i>EGFR</i> mutations status, independent of metabolic tumor diameter. Multivariate analysis showed that being a never-smoker was the most significant factor (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for the <i>EGFR</i> mutations in lung cancer overall. The tumor heterogeneity metric 1/COV and SUV<sub>max</sub> were both predictive for the <i>EGFR</i> mutations in NSCLC in a univariate analysis. Overall, smoking status was the most significant factor for the presence of the <i>EGFR</i> and <i>KRAS</i> mutations in lung cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Squalenoid Oxaziridine and Other New Classes of Squalene Derivatives, as Inhibitors of Sterol Biosynthesis. (1989)

Abstract Some new squalene derivatives such as (III)‐(V) are prepared, rationally designed as inhibitors of 2,3‐oxidosqualene (SO) cyclase, a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis.
Dedicated Large-Signal GaN HEMT Model for Switching-Mode Circuit Analysis and Design (2009)

A novel large-signal gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) model that focuses on and improves analysis and design of switching-mode power amplifiers (PAs) is presented in this letter. The proposed model can be constructed using standard DC and AC characterization measurements and easily implemented in any computer-aided design (CAD) software to simulate and design switching-mode amplifiers. The model can predict the behavior of a switching-mode PA accurately at saturation and, due to the proposed approach, also well in the weak compression region. Using the developed model, an inverse class-F PA is designed and fabricated for validation purposes. The prototype developed using the proposed model achieved power-added efficiency (PAE) of 67% for an output power of 36.7 dBm at 2.35 GHz. Comparison between simulation and measured results of the manufactured PA proves the validity and accuracy of the proposed model.
Surface engineering of styrene/PEGylated‐fluoroalkyl styrene block copolymer thin films (2008)

Abstract A series of diblock copolymers prepared from styrenic monomers was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization. One block was derived from styrene, whereas the second block was prepared from a styrene modified with an amphiphilic PEGylated‐fluoroalkyl side chain. The surface properties of the resulting polymer films were carefully characterized using dynamic contact angle, XPS, and NEXAFS measurements. The polymer morphology was investigated using atomic force microscope and GISAXS studies. The block copolymers possess surfaces dominated by the fluorinated unit in the dry state and a distinct phase separated microstructure in the thin film. The microstructure of these polymers is strongly influenced by the thin film structure in which it is investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 267–284, 2009
Fluoroarene Separations in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Two Proximal Mg2+ Coordination Sites (2021)

Fluoroarenes are widely used in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry, and yet their production remains a critical challenge in organic synthesis. Indeed, the nearly identical physical properties of these vital building blocks hinders their purification by traditional methods, such as flash chromatography or distillation. As a result, the Balz-Schiemann reaction is currently employed to prepare fluoroarenes instead of more atom-economical C-H fluorination reactions, which produce inseparable mixtures of regioisomers. Herein, we propose an alternative solution to this problem: the purification of mixtures of fluoroarenes using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Specifically, we demonstrate that controlling the interaction of fluoroarenes with adjacent coordinatively unsaturated Mg<sup>2+</sup> centers within a MOF enables the separation of fluoroarene mixtures with unparalleled selectivities. Liquid-phase multicomponent equilibrium adsorption data and breakthrough measurements coupled with van der Waals-corrected density functional theory calculations reveal that the materials Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobdc) (dobdc<sup>4-</sup> = 2,5-dioxidobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) and Mg<sub>2</sub>(<i>m</i>-dobdc) (<i>m</i>-dobdc<sup>4-</sup> = 2,4-dioxidobenzene-1,5-dicarboxylate) are capable of separating the difluorobenzene isomers from one another. Additionally, these frameworks facilitate the separations of fluoroanisoles, fluorotoluenes, and fluorochlorobenzenes. In addition to enabling currently unfeasible separations for the production of fluoroarenes, our results suggest that carefully controlling the interaction of isomers with not one but two strong binding sites within a MOF provides a general strategy for achieving challenging liquid-phase separations.
Solution-phase synthesis of Al13 − using a dendrimer template (2017)

Superatoms, clusters that mimic the properties of elements different to those of which they are composed, have the potential to serve as building blocks for unprecedented materials with tunable properties. The development of a method for the solution-phase synthesis of superatoms would be an indispensable achievement for the future progress of this research field. Here we report the fabrication of aluminum clusters in solution using a dendrimer template, producing Al<sub>13</sub><sup>-</sup>, which is the most well-known superatom. The Al<sub>13</sub><sup>-</sup> cluster is identified using mass spectrometry and scanning transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to measure the binding energies. The superatomic stability of Al<sub>13</sub><sup>-</sup> is demonstrated by evaluating its tendency toward oxidation. In addition, the synthesis of Al<sub>13</sub><sup>-</sup> in solution enables electrochemical measurements, the results of which suggest oxidation of Al<sub>13</sub><sup>-</sup>. This solution-phase synthesis of Al<sub>13</sub><sup>-</sup> superatoms has a significant role for the experimental development of cluster science.
Phenotypic Conversion of SV40-Immortalized Human Diploid Fibroblasts to Senescing Cells by Introduction of an Antisense Gene for SG40-T Antigen. (1992)

Normal human lung fibroblast diploid cells, WI-38, become senescent after a definite number of divisions. VA-13 is a line of immortalized cells established by transformation of WI-38 cells by SV40 virus. To determine whether SV40 large T (SV40-T) antigen is essential for this immortalization of WI-38 cells we introduced an antisense gene for T antigen into VA-13. Two morphologically different types of antisense transformant (VA-AS5-8 and VA-AS37-8) were obtained. In both antisense transformants the expression of T antigen was reduced by more than 70% as compared to that in the parent cells. The morphology of the antisense transformants indicated a partial conversion to the senescent phenotype of WI-38. The relative number of cells in the S phase of the antisense transformants was decreased as compared to that in cultures of VA-13 and about 50% of cells were at G1/0. The doubling time of the transformants was prolonged to close to the doubling time of WI-38. The level of expression of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) complexed with SV40-T antigen of the antisense transformants was significantly decreased although the level of total pRB was much higher than that in VA-13. The pRB was present exclusively in the underphosphorylated form. Thus, the decreased level of formation of the complex between SV40-T and pRB or the underphosphorylation of pRB may explain the suppression of growth of antisense transformants. Together, these results show that an antisense gene for SV40-T antigen can efficiently block the cell proliferation and the cell immortalization of VA-13 cells.
AlGaN-Cladding Free Green Semipolar GaN Based Laser Diode with a Lasing Wavelength of 506.4 nm (2009)

We demonstrate electrically driven InGaN based laser diodes (LDs), with a simple AlGaN-cladding-free epitaxial structure, grown on semipolar (2021) GaN substrates. The devices employed In0.06Ga0.94N waveguiding layers to provide transverse optical mode confinement. A maximum lasing wavelength of 506.4 nm was observed under pulsed operation, which is the longest reported for AlGaN-cladding-free III-nitride LDs. The threshold current density (Jth) for index-guided LDs with uncoated etched facets was 23 kA/cm2, and 19 kA/cm2 after application of high-reflectivity (HR) coatings. A characteristic temperature (T0) value of ∼130 K and wavelength red-shift of ∼0.05 nm/K were confirmed.
New strategy for the synthesis of the taxane diterpenes: formation of the eight-membered B-ring of taxol by semi-pinacol rearrangement (1995)

P. Magnus, L. Diorazio, T. Donohoe, M. Giles, P. Pye, J. Tarrant and S. Thom, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 1935 DOI: 10.1039/C39950001935
Digital Control of Switching and Linear Integrated Voltage Regulators (2020)

This work presents a summary of the digital control techniques in todays advanced, state of the art IVRs and the role digital control is playing to enhance their key performance metrics. Examples from high switching frequency Buck converters, computationally controlled digital LDOs as well as digitally assisted analog and hybrid LDOs speaks not only to the growing popularity of digital control in a wide variety of applications but also demonstrates its suitability on advanced process nodes which is inherently tough on analog circuits.