gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital color halftoning (2005)

Digital color halftoning is the process of transforming continuous-tone color images into images with a limited number of colors. The importance of this process arises from the fact that many color imaging systems use output devices such as color printers and low-bit depth displays that are bilevel or multilevel with a few levels. The goal is to create the perception of a continuous-tone color image using the limited spatiochromatic discrimination capability of the human visual system. In decreasing order of how locally algorithms transform a given image into a halftone and, therefore, in increasing order of computational complexity and halftone quality, monochrome digital halftoning algorithms can be placed in one of three categories: 1) point processes (screening or dithering), 2) neighborhood algorithms (error diffusion), and 3) iterative methods. All three of these algorithm classes can be generalized to digital color halftoning with some modifications. For an in-depth discussion of monochrome halftoning algorithms, the reader is directed to the July 2003 issue of IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. In the remainder of this article, we only address those aspects of halftoning that specifically have to do with color. For a good overview of digital color halftoning, the reader is directed to Haines et al. (2003). In addition, Agar et al. (2003) contains a more in-depth treatment of some of the material found in this work.
Gramicidin channels that have no tryptophan residues (1992)

In order to understand how aromatic residues modulate the function of membrane-spanning proteins, we examined the role of the four tryptophans in gramicidin A (gA) in determining the average duration and permeability characteristics of membrane-spanning gramicidin channels; the tryptophan residues were replaced by tyrosine (gramicidin T, gT), tyrosine O-benzyl ether [gramicidin T(Bzl), gT(Bzl)], naphthylalanine (gramicidin N, gN), and phenylalanine (gramicidin M enantiomer, gM-). These analogues form channels with durations and conductances that differ some 10- and 16-fold, respectively. The single-channel conductance was invariably decreased by the Trp----Yyy replacement, and the relative conductance alterations were similar in phosphatidylcholine (DPhPC) and monoglyceride (GMO) bilayers. The duration variations exhibited a more complex pattern, which was quite different in the two membrane environments: in DPhPC bilayers, gN channels have an average duration that is approximately 2-fold longer than that of gA channels; in GMO bilayers, the average duration of gN channels is about one-tenth that of gA channels. The sequence-dependent alterations in channel function do not result from alterations in the channels' peptide backbone structure, because heterodimers can form between the different analogues and gramicidine A, and there is no energetic cost associated with heterodimer formation [cf. Durkin, J. T., Koeppe, R. E., II, & Andersen, O. S. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 211, 221]. The alterations in permeability properties are consistent with the notion that Trp residues alter the energy profile for ion permeation through long-range electrostatic interactions.
Color-fast semi-transparent organic photovoltaics (2023)

Equipping buildings with energy harvesting windows is a practical way to reduce greenhouse gas (GhG) emission. Utilizing semi-transparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs) for this application requires the device to be colorfast, allowing for no change in the aesthetics or light harvesting property of the window. Here, we demonstrate an ST-OPV that is colorfast under 1 Sun AM 1.5G illumination at 50 0C and relative humidity of 34 %.
Modification of deoxyribonucleic acid with reductively activated mitomycin C. Structures of modified nucleotides. (1983)

Mitomycin C (MMC) binds to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) after its reductive activation by catalytic hydrogenation with Pd on charcoal. Three modified nucleotides, named MG-1, MG-2 and MA, were isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from the modified DNA after enzymatic hydrolysis to 5'-nucleotides with nuclease P1. Analysis of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectra, and studies of the acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of these modified nucleotides suggested that MG-1 and MG-2 are deoxyguanylic acid-MMC adducts bound at position 1 of mitosene and a heteroatom of the guanine moiety. Analogous binding to an adenine moiety is proposed for the adduct, MA. Chemical transformations (methylation, diazotization and thioketonization) were used to unambiguously determine the binding sites of the purine bases. The binding sites were identified as the N2 atom of guanine for MG-1, the O6 atom of guanine for MG-2, and the N6 atom of adenine for MA. Thus, these three modified nucleotides were concluded to be 1, 2-trans-2, 7-diamino-1-(N2-deoxyguanylyl) mitosene (MG-1), 2, 7-diamino-1-(O6-deoxyguanylyl) mitosene (MG-2), and 2, 7-diamino-1-(N6-deoxyadenylyl) mitosene (MA). These same modified nucleotides were identified in DNA extracted from the livers of rats treated with MMC.
A Flow-Guided Mutual Attention Network for Video-Based Person Re-Identification (2020)

Person Re-Identification (ReID) is a challenging problem in many video analytics and surveillance applications, where a person's identity must be associated across a distributed non-overlapping network of cameras. Video-based person ReID has recently gained much interest because it allows capturing discriminant spatio-temporal information from video clips that is unavailable for image-based ReID. Despite recent advances, deep learning (DL) models for video ReID often fail to leverage this information to improve the robustness of feature representations. In this paper, the motion pattern of a person is explored as an additional cue for ReID. In particular, a flow-guided Mutual Attention network is proposed for fusion of image and optical flow sequences using any 2D-CNN backbone, allowing to encode temporal information along with spatial appearance information. Our Mutual Attention network relies on the joint spatial attention between image and optical flow features maps to activate a common set of salient features across them. In addition to flow-guided attention, we introduce a method to aggregate features from longer input streams for better video sequence-level representation. Our extensive experiments on three challenging video ReID datasets indicate that using the proposed Mutual Attention network allows to improve recognition accuracy considerably with respect to conventional gated-attention networks, and state-of-the-art methods for video-based person ReID.
CardKit: A Card-Based Programming Framework for Drones (2018)

Drones are being used in many industries for a variety of applications, including inspecting bridges, surveying farm land, and delivering cargo. Automating these kinds of scenarios requires more than following a sequence of GPS waypoints; they require integrating on-device hardware with real-time analysis to provide feedback and control to the drone. Currently, implementing these kinds of advanced scenarios is a complex task, requiring skilled software engineers programming with drone APIs. We envision an alternate model to enable drone operators to orchestrate advanced behaviors using a card-based approach. We describe the design of our card-based programming model, position it relative to other visual programming metaphors, share results from our paper prototype user study, and discuss our learnings from its implementation. Results suggest that a wide range of scenarios can be implemented with moderate mental effort and learning, balanced by intuitiveness and engagement.
Thumbnail Rectilinear Steiner Trees (1995)

The rectilinear Steiner tree problem is to find a manimum-length set of horizontal and vertical line segments that interconnect a given set of points in $he plane. Here we study the thumbnail rectilinear Steiner tree problem, where the inpvt points are drawn from a small integer grid. Specifically, we devise a full-set decomposition algorithm for computing optimal thumbnail rectalinear Steiner trees. We then present experimental results comparing this algorithm with two existing algorithms for computing optimal recdilinear Steiner trees. The thumbnail rectilinear Steiner tree problem has applications in VLSI placement algorithms based on geometric partitioning and in global routing of field-programmable gate arrays. Note: Abstract extracted from PDF text
On theorem prover-based testing (2012)

Abstract HOL -TestGen is a specification and test case generation environment extending the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/ HOL . As such, Testgen allows for an integrated workflow supporting interactive theorem proving, test case generation, and test data generation. The HOL -TestGen method is two-staged: first, the original formula is partitioned into test cases by transformation into a normal form called test theorem . Second, the test cases are analyzed for ground instances (the test data ) satisfying the constraints of the test cases. Particular emphasis is put on the control of explicit test-hypotheses which can be proven over concrete programs. Due to the generality of the underlying framework, our system can be used for black-box unit, sequence, reactive sequence and white-box test scenarios. Although based on particularly clean theoretical foundations, the system can be applied for substantial case-studies.
Personalizing Aerosol Medicine: Development of Delivery Systems Tailored to the Individual (2010)

Inhalation of drugs for therapeutic effects is not a recent innovation as illicit drugs have been 'smoked' for millennia. Nicotine delivery 'devices' in convenient packaged cartons of cigarettes are simple to use, inexpensive per dose and accessible to people of most ages and lung function, but of course their use leads to increased cancer, emphysema, heart disease and other medical and societal problems. In contrast, many inhalation pharmaceutical medical devices are expensive, nonportable, inconvenient, and/or are used improperly thus leading to poor therapeutic benefit. We review the current state of the art with respect to aerosol delivery, inhalation devices and the ability to personalize the treatment and management of lung disease. The confluence of many drivers will lead to more programmable and flexible devices in the future: the transition from the blockbuster model to customized therapy, technological advancements (e.g., smartphones) and cultural changes including social networking.
Efficient carbon-supported heterogeneous molybdenum-dioxo catalyst for chemoselective reductive carbonyl coupling (2017)

Selective carbonyl coupling, high symmetric ether selectivity.
Phase II trial of repeated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) with 131I-Labetuzumab post salvage resection of colorectal metastases in the liver (2006)

13572 Background: Complete resection of liver metastases (LM) remains the treatment of choice for colorectal cancer (CRC). As shown recently (Liersch et al., JCO 2005; 23:6763–70), RAIT with a single application of the humanized monoclonal anti-CEA antibody, 131 I-labetuzumab, improved both the median overall survival (OS) and 5-yr survival rates significantly in patients post salvage resection of LM. The major adverse side effects (≤ grade 3 CTC) were transient myelosuppression and/or thrombocytopenia in patients receiving 40 to 60 mCi/m 2 of 131 I-labetuzumab. These encouraging results stimulated the current ongoing Phase-II trial to evaluate the safety of repeated RAIT at doses of 2 × 50 mCi/m 2 (3 mos apart), post salvage resection of LM. Methods: At present, 13 patients (primary CRC: 8x UICC stage IV, 1× UICC stage III and 4× UICC stage II) who underwent surgery for LM of CRC (postsalvage mTMN stages: 4× mT4, 2× mT3, 6× mT2, 1× mT1) have received the first dose of 50 mCi/m 2 131 I-labetuzumab within 2 mos of LM surgery. Three months later, a second infusion of 50 mCi/m 2 has already been given to 5 pts. In two, a dose reduction to 40 mCi/m 2 was performed. At re-staging CT and PET scans) for the 2 nd RAIT, in one patient pulmonary metastases were diagnosed and in another patient a re-resection of hepatic relapse was performed. Results: In the previous trial, at a median follow-up of 67 mos, the median OS from the first liver resection for 19 pts treated with single-dose RAIT was 68.0 mos and median DFS was 18.0 mos. Also, 5-year survival was achieved by 51.3% of RAIT pts independently of bilobar involvement, size and number of LM, or resection margins. In the current study with repeated RAIT, transient grade-4 myelosuppression (2 cases in combination with a myelotoxic thiamazol medication) occurred in 4/13 pts after the first dose (1× grade 4 thrombocytopenia). No cumulative toxicity was seen in 6 of 7 RAIT-re-treated patients. Complete bone marrow recovery was observed in all 6 cases within 5–12 weeks; in one pt severe neutropenia persisted to about week 16 post 2 nd RAIT. As of January, 2006, patient compliance was 100%. Conclusion: RAIT re-treatment to-date appears to be safe, feasible, and well accepted. Extended follow-up data are being collected. [Table: see text]
Liquid injection atomic layer deposition of perovskite-type multi-component oxide thin films for ferroelectric and higher-k three dimensional capacitor structures (2008)

Quaternary Pb(Zr,Ti)Ox [PZT] films were deposited at 240°C by a combination of liquid injection atomic layer depositions (ALD) of binary PbO, TiOx, and ZrOx thin films. To find the optimum set of precursors different combinations of five precursors were tested: Pb(C11H19O2)2 [Pb(DPM)2], Ti(OC3H7)2(C11H19O2)2 [Ti(Oi-Pr)2(DPM)2] or Ti(OC3H7)4 [Ti(Oi-Pr)4], and Zr(C11H19O2)4 [Zr(DPM)4] or Zr(C9H15O2)4 [Zr(DIBM)4]. Each precursor was dissolved in ethylcyclohexane (ECH) and was separately injected into a vaporizer. Water vapor was used as oxidant. The deposition rates of the metal elements were investigated as a function of the input of the solutions. Using the set of 0.1M Pb(DPM)2, Ti(Oi-Pr)4, and Zr(DIBM)4 solutions resulted in PZT films with good uniformity on 3D structured substrates. The Zr to Ti ratio in the as-deposited PZT films could be adjusted in the range up to Zr/Ti =1. This study suggests that the multi-layer stacking liquid delivery ALD process is an effective method for building up homogeneous layers of multi-component materials on desired 3D structures.
Optical spectroscopy of p-GaAs nanopillars on Si for monolithic integrated light sources (2017)

In this work, we study the optical properties and emission dynamics of the novel nanostructure p-GaAs nanopillars (NPs) on Si. The integration of III-V optoelectronics on Si substrates is essential for next-generation high-speed communications. NPs on Si are good candidates as gain media in monolithically integrated small-scale lasers on silicon. In order to develop this technology, an in-depth knowledge of the NP structure is necessary to resolve its optimal optical properties. The optical characterization which has been carried out consists of the emission analysis for different NP geometries. We measured NPs with different combinations of pitch (of the order of a few &mu;m) and diameter (of the order of tens of nm). A comparison of intensities for the various NPs provides us with the most efficient geometry. The quality of the crystal grown has been studied from temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL). A red shift and a significant reduction of the intensity of the NP emission are observed with an increase in temperature. The results also show the presence of two non-radiative recombination channels when the intensity peaks at different temperatures are analyzed with the activation energy function.
Mechanical characterization of parts fabricated using fused deposition modeling (2003)

Layered manufacturing is an evolution of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques where the part is built in layers. While most of the previous applications focused on building “prototypes”, recent developments in this field enabled some of the prototyping methods to achieve an agile fabrication technology to produce the final product directly. A shift from prototyping to manufacturing of the final product necessitates broadening of the material choice, improvement of the surface quality, dimensional stability, and achieving the necessary mechanical properties to meet the performance criteria. The current study is part of an ongoing project to adapt fused deposition modeling to fabrication of ceramic and multi‐functional components. This paper presents a methodology of the mechanical characterization of products fabricated using fused deposition modeling.
Automatically Evaluating Balance: A Machine Learning Approach (2019)

Compared to in-clinic balance training, in-home training is not as effective. This is, in part, due to the lack of feedback from physical therapists (PTs). In this paper, we analyze the feasibility of using trunk sway data and machine learning (ML) techniques to automatically evaluate balance, providing accurate assessments outside of the clinic. We recruited sixteen participants to perform standing balance exercises. For each exercise, we recorded trunk sway data and had a PT rate balance performance on a scale of 1-5. The rating scale was adapted from the Functional Independence Measure. From the trunk sway data, we extracted a 61-dimensional feature vector representing the performance of each exercise. Given these labeled data, we trained a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) to map trunk sway features to PT ratings. Evaluated in a leave-one-participant-out scheme, the model achieved a classification accuracy of 82%. Compared to participant self-assessment ratings, the SVM outputs were significantly closer to PT ratings. The results of this pilot study suggest that in the absence of PTs, ML techniques can provide accurate assessments during standing balance exercises. Such automated assessments could reduce PT consultation time and increase user compliance outside of the clinic.
Group B Streptococcal β‐Hemolysin Induces Mortality and Liver Injury in Experimental Sepsis (2002)

New Zealand White rabbits were challenged with the wild-type (wt) group B streptococci (GBS) serotype III strain (COH1) and its isogenic nonhemolytic (NH) and hyperhemolytic (HH) mutants. Mortality differed significantly between rabbits infected with the HH mutant IN40 (67%), compared with rabbits infected with the wt COH1 strain (27%) and the NH strains COH1-20 and COH1:cylEDeltacat (13% and 0%, respectively; P<.05). Histopathologically, disseminated septic microabscesses surrounded by necrotic foci were found exclusively in the livers of HH mutant IN40-infected animals. Serum transaminase levels were 20-fold higher in the HH-infected group, compared with rabbits infected with the other strains. Positive TUNEL (in situ terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) staining and activation of caspase-3 in hepatocytes were more frequent in HH-infected than in wt-infected animals and absent in the NH mutant COH1-20-infected group, indicating that GBS beta-hemolysin triggers apoptotic pathways in hepatocytes. This work provides the first evidence that GBS beta-hemolysin plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of GBS sepsis by inducing liver failure and high mortality.
Julio Germán Koslowsky, científico, explorador y colono (2003)

Julio Germán Koslowsky fue uno de los tantos científicos y exploradores de fines del siglo XIX, colaborador del Perito Moreno, que hasta hace poco tiempo, fue olvidado por las generaciones posteriores. Parte de su historia fue rescatada por el renombrado etnólogo Federico Escalada a mitad de los años cincuenta. Décadas más tarde, al cumplirse cien años de la fundación del Museo de La Plata, Raúl Ringuelet lo considera el iniciador de los estudios de los anfibios y reptiles, no solo en el Museo sino también en el país.
A computationally efficient denoising and hole-filling method for depth image enhancement (2016)

Depth maps captured by Kinect depth cameras are being widely used for 3D action recognition. However, such images often appear noisy and contain missing pixels or black holes. This paper presents a computationally efficient method for both denoising and hole-filling in depth images. The denoising is achieved by utilizing a combination of Gaussian kernel filtering and anisotropic filtering. The hole-filling is achieved by utilizing a combination of morphological filtering and zero block filtering. Experimental results using the publicly available datasets are provided indicating the superiority of the developed method in terms of both depth error and computational efficiency compared to three existing methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Carbocyclic Nucleosides: Preparation of (.+‐.)‐Carbocyclic‐FMAU and Some Congeners. (1987)

Abstract Threefold protection of the cyclic aminotriol (I) gives the key intermediate (IVa) which is converted to the fluorocarboxylic nucleosides (IX) ‐ (XII).
Digital Therapeutics Care Utilizing Genetic and Gut Microbiome Signals for the Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Results From a Preliminary Retrospective Study (2022)

Diet and lifestyle-related illnesses including functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and obesity are rapidly emerging health issues worldwide. Research has focused on addressing FGIDs via in-person cognitive-behavioral therapies, diet modulation and pharmaceutical intervention. Yet, there is paucity of research reporting on digital therapeutics care delivering weight loss and reduction of FGID symptom severity, and on modeling FGID status and symptom severity reduction including personalized genomic SNPs and gut microbiome signals. Our aim for this study was to assess how effective a digital therapeutics intervention personalized on genomic SNPs and gut microbiome signals was at reducing symptomatology of FGIDs on individuals that successfully lost body weight. We also aimed at modeling FGID status and FGID symptom severity reduction using demographics, genomic SNPs, and gut microbiome variables. This study sought to train a logistic regression model to differentiate the FGID status of subjects enrolled in a digital therapeutics care program using demographic, genetic, and baseline microbiome data. We also trained linear regression models to ascertain changes in FGID symptom severity of subjects at the time of achieving 5% or more of body weight loss compared to baseline. For this we utilized a cohort of 177 adults who reached 5% or more weight loss on the Digbi Health personalized digital care program, who were retrospectively surveyed about changes in symptom severity of their FGIDs and other comorbidities before and after the program. Gut microbiome taxa and demographics were the strongest predictors of FGID status. The digital therapeutics program implemented, reduced the summative severity of symptoms for 89.42% (93/104) of users who reported FGIDs. Reduction in summative FGID symptom severity and IBS symptom severity were best modeled by a mixture of genomic and microbiome predictors, whereas reduction in diarrhea and constipation symptom severity were best modeled by microbiome predictors only. This preliminary retrospective study generated diagnostic models for FGID status as well as therapeutic models for reduction of FGID symptom severity. Moreover, these therapeutic models generate testable hypotheses for associations of a number of biomarkers in the prognosis of FGIDs symptomatology.