gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Future Energy Systems (2017)

Future energy systems will be determined by the increasing relevance of solar and wind energy. Crude oil and gas prices are expected to increase in the long run, and penalties for CO<sub>2</sub> emissions will become a relevant economic factor. Solar- and wind-powered electricity will become significantly cheaper, such that hydrogen produced from electrolysis will be competitively priced against hydrogen manufactured from natural gas. However, to handle the unsteadiness of system input from fluctuating energy sources, energy storage technologies that cover the full scale of power (in megawatts) and energy storage amounts (in megawatt hours) are required. Hydrogen, in particular, is a promising secondary energy vector for storing, transporting, and distributing large and very large amounts of energy at the gigawatt-hour and terawatt-hour scales. However, we also discuss energy storage at the 120-200-kWh scale, for example, for onboard hydrogen storage in fuel cell vehicles using compressed hydrogen storage. This article focuses on the characteristics and development potential of hydrogen storage technologies in light of such a changing energy system and its related challenges. Technological factors that influence the dynamics, flexibility, and operating costs of unsteady operation are therefore highlighted in particular. Moreover, the potential for using renewable hydrogen in the mobility sector, industrial production, and the heat market is discussed, as this potential may determine to a significant extent the future economic value of hydrogen storage technology as it applies to other industries. This evaluation elucidates known and well-established options for hydrogen storage and may guide the development and direction of newer, less developed technologies.
Highly efficient organic solar cells based on a poly(2,7-carbazole) derivative (2009)

We have studied the utilization of PCDTBT, an alternating poly(2,7-carbazole) derivative, in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. The effect of polymer molecular weight, PCDTBT:[60]PCBM ratio, and active layer thickness on the device performance is reported. The best performance was obtained when the number-average molecular weights (Mn) are around 20 kDa with a polydispersity index around 2.2. Both PCDTBT:[60]PCBM ratio and active layer thickness affect the light absorption and the charge transport properties. By optimizing these two parameters, power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 4.35% was reached under calibrated AM1.5G illumination of 100 mW cm−2. When blended with [70]PCBM, PCDTBT exhibited a PCE up to 4.6%.
Trimolecular complex between major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, monoclonal allergen-specific human IgE and recombinant CD23 (2014)

CD23 the low affinity receptor for IgE plays an important role in allergic disease because it facilitates allergen presentation to T cells. CD23 is a 45 kDa trans-membrane protein consisting of an alpha-helical stalk and a head domain, which is mainly expressed on B cells. In order to analyze the complex formation between allergen, allergenspecific IgE and CD23 on the molecular level, we expressed four different forms of CD23 in baculovirusinfected SF9 insect cells. Construct A consists of the extracellular part of the molecule, the second construct (B) differs from construct A by a single amino acid exchange in the stalk region to abolish the N-linked glycosylation of CD23. Constructs C and D were smaller molecules consisting mainly of the head domain of the protein. Furthermore we expressed human monoclonal IgE specific for the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 in a hybridoma cell line and the Bet v 1 allergen in Escherichia coli. Using circular dichroism analysis we found that all molecules were expressed as folded proteins and gel filtration revealed that the CD23 constructs were monomeric. In ELISA we demonstrated that each of the four CD23 constructs binds monomeric IgE and allergen-IgE complexes in a similar way. Concerning the different CD23 constructs, we observed weaker binding signals when measuring the smaller CD23 molecules. Interestingly, construct B, which was devoid of the N-linked glycosylation site, displayed enhanced IgE binding compared to the glycosylated protein. In conclusion, our results reveal a comparable interaction between isolated IgE as well as IgE-allergen immune complexes with CD23 and provide defined molecules for the detailed structural characterization of the allergenIgE-CD23 interaction. Supported by grants 4605, 4613 and in part by 4604 and P23350-B11 of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).
An Intelligent Solution to Forecast Pressure Drop in a Vertical Well Having Multiphase Flow Using Functional Network Technique (2018)

Abstract For a well production optimization and cost per barrel of oil reduction, it is very essential to have an accurate measurement of well flowing bottom-hole pressure (FBHP) available all the time during the life of the well. It is a common practice follow in the oil and gas industry to run bottom-hole pressure gauges to record FBHP. However, interfering a producing well is an expensive and time-consuming task, involved with production disruptions and safety risks. To address these concerns, numerous mechanistic and empirical models were formulated to predict FBHP. Among these a large number of models were developed under small laboratory scale conditions and are, ultimately, inaccurate when up-scaled to field conditions. This study presents an intelligent solution by the development of an empirical model to quantify FBHP for a vertical well. The new model is based on the surface production data such as tubing perforation depth, flow rate of oil, flow rate of gas, flow rate of water, API gravity of oil, tubing string internal diameter, well bottom-hole temperature, wellhead surface temperature, and wellhead pressure. The data used to train the proposed empirical model collected from the published sources, which covered practically reasonable values. The proposed model is also validated by testing against new dataset, and the results were then compared statistically with the other methods used in petroleum industry. The results show that the proposed empirical model considerably outperforms reviewed models and delivers the prediction of FBHP with high accuracy. The novelty of the proposed empirical model is that it depends only on the surface production which makes the prediction of FBHP in a real time. The proposed model is accurate and can serve as a handy tool for the production engineers to forecast the FBHP in a real time.
The RagA and RagB proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis (2021)

RagA and RagB proteins are major components of the outer membrane of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and, while recently suggested to represent a novel peptide uptake system, their full function is still under investigation. Herein, we (a) discuss the evidence that the rag locus contributes to P. gingivalis virulence; (b) provide insight to Rag protein potential biological function in macromolecular transport and other aspects of bacterial physiology; (c) address the host response to Rag proteins which are immunodominant and immunomodulatory; and (d) review the potential of Rag-focused therapeutic strategies for the control of periodontal diseases.
Staph ID/R: a Rapid Method for Determining Staphylococcus Species Identity and Detecting the mecA Gene Directly from Positive Blood Culture (2011)

Rapid diagnosis of staphylococcal bacteremia directs appropriate antimicrobial therapy, leading to improved patient outcome. We describe herein a rapid test (<75 min) that can identify the major pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus to the species level as well as the presence or absence of the methicillin resistance determinant gene, mecA. The test, Staph ID/R, combines a rapid isothermal nucleic acid amplification method, helicase-dependent amplification (HDA), with a chip-based array that produces unambiguous visible results. The analytic sensitivity was 1 CFU per reaction for the mecA gene and was 1 to 250 CFU per reaction depending on the staphylococcal species present in the positive blood culture. Staph ID/R has excellent specificity as well, with no cross-reactivity observed. We validated the performance of Staph ID/R by testing 104 frozen clinical positive blood cultures and comparing the results with rpoB gene or 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species identity determinations and mecA gene PCR to confirm mecA gene results. Staph ID/R agreed with mecA gene PCR for all samples and agreed with rpoB/16S rRNA gene sequencing in all cases except for one sample that contained a mixture of two staphylococcal species, one of which Staph ID/R correctly identified, for an overall agreement of 99.0% (P < 0.01). Staph ID/R could potentially be used to positively affect patient management for Staphylococcus-mediated bacteremia.
Correlation of Model Compounds and Laterally Attached Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polynorbornenes with a 1-Carbon Spacer (1997)

1,4-Bis[(3‘-fluoro-4‘-n-alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]toluenes mimic the thermotropic behavior of poly{5-[[[2‘,5‘-bis[(4‘-n-alkoxybenzoyl)oxy]benzyl]oxy]carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene}s better than 1,4-bis[(3‘-fluoro-4‘-n-alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzenes do. Polymers with approximately 50 repeat units and narrow polydispersity (pdi = 1.08−1.23) were prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 5-{[[2‘,5‘-bis[2-(3‘-fluoro-4‘-n-alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzyl]oxy]carbonyl}bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enes in THF using Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N-2,6-iPr2Ph)(OtBu)2 as the initiator. All of the polymers exhibit an enantiotropic nematic mesophase in addition to the glass transition, and those with n = 3−12 slowly organize into a crystalline or sE phase that occurs over an extremely narrow temperature range. Whereas 1,4-bis[(3‘-fluoro-4‘-n-alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzenes exhibit a k−sE−sC−n−i phase sequence when n = 6−12, all of the 1,4-bis[(3‘-fluoro-4‘-n-alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]toluenes exhibit a nematic mesophase, and those with n = 9−12 also exhibit either a monotropic sC mesophase or an enantiotropic sC mesophase over a very narrow temperature range.
Collagen VI Null Mice as a Model for Early Onset Muscle Decline in Aging (2017)

Collagen VI is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein playing a key role in skeletal muscles and whose deficiency leads to connective tissue diseases in humans and in animal models. However, most studies have been focused on skeletal muscle features. We performed an extensive proteomic profiling in two skeletal muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) of wild-type and collagen VI null (<i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup>) mice at different ages, from 6- (adult) to 12- (aged) month-old to 24 (old) month-old. While in wild-type animals the number of proteins and the level of modification occurring during aging were comparable in the two analyzed muscles, <i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice displayed a number of muscle-type specific variations. In particular, gastrocnemius displayed a limited number of dysregulated proteins in adult mice, while in aged muscles the modifications were more pronounced in terms of number and level. In diaphragm, the differences displayed by 6-month-old <i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice were more pronounced compared to wild-type mice and persisted at 12 months of age. In adult <i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, the major variations were found in the enzymes belonging to the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as well as in autophagy-related proteins. When compared to wild-type animals <i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice displayed a general metabolic rewiring which was particularly prominent the diaphragm at 6 months of age. Comparison of the proteomic features and the molecular analysis of metabolic and autophagic pathways in adult and aged <i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> diaphragm indicated that the effects of aging, culminating in lipotoxicity and autophagic impairment, were already present at 6 months of age. Conversely, the effects of aging in <i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> gastrocnemius were similar but delayed becoming apparent at 12 months of age. A similar metabolic rewiring and autophagic impairment was found in the diaphragm of 24-month-old wild-type mice, confirming that fatty acid synthase (FASN) increment and decreased microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) lipidation are hallmarks of the aging process. Altogether these data indicate that the diaphragm of <i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> animal model can be considered as a model of early skeletal muscle aging.
LSO-101 A spatially-resolved single cell resolution atlas of pediatric lupus nephritisuncovers complex interactions between stromal and infiltrating immune cells (2023)

<h3>Background</h3> The molecular and cellular heterogeneity of human Lupus Nephritis (LN) at the kidney tissue level makes it challenging to identify key disease drivers and therapeutic targets. Single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-Seq) has advanced our understanding of LN pathogenesis, but tissue dissociation eliminates all spatial information and several rare cell types (such as podocytes) are under-represented using droplet-based scRNA-Seq protocols. <h3>Methods</h3> Using the CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager (Nanostring), we performed spatial transcriptomics on 8 pediatric Class III/IV LN patients and 2 health controls. This platform generated 1000-plex gene expression data at single cell resolution using archived clinical biopsy tissue. <h3>Results</h3> After data QC and cell segmentation, we identified a total of 447,892 cells, which were assigned to 33 reference cell types (figure 1A, B). Visualizing spatial relationships provided robust evidence of the accuracy of cell annotation, such as the colocalization of fenestrated glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and podocytes within glomeruli (figure 1C). Analysis of differential gene expression demonstrated that SLE induced broad transcriptional changes in resident glomerular cells, including markers of both injury response and initiation of tissue repair mechanisms. For example, glomerular endothelial cells downregulate expression of TEK (angiopoietin-1-binding TEK receptor tyrosine kinase), and the angiopoietin-1/TEK signal regulator DUSP1 (Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1), suggesting altered endothelial function and cross-talk with surrounding mesangial matrix. Upregulated genes in LN mesangial cells include: TAGLN, encoding transgrelin, a marker for proliferating mesangial cells; collagen molecules (COL3A1, COL1A2, COL4A1, COL6A); matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors (MMP14, MMP19, TIMP1); and chemokines (CSF1, CXCL9). In parallel, we demonstrate that individual immune lineages traffic to specific regions in LN kidneys and that transcriptional signatures vary as a function of tissue location. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Spatial transcriptomics is a powerful tool to uncover the heterogeneity of LN. The identification of new pathogenic mechanisms may inform the development of new targeted therapies.
Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics (2011)

The Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics is well established and authoritative. It covers many topics of current research interest in both pure and applied statistics and probability theory. Written by leading statisticians and institutions, the titles span both state-of-the-art developments in the field and classical methods.
Unilateral medial temporal lobe memory impairment: type deficit, function deficit, or both? (1998)

Previous research has characterized memory deficits resulting from unilateral hippocampal system damage as 'material specific', suggesting that left damage results in verbal memory impairment with preservation of visuospatial function and the converse with right damage. Implicit within this hypothesis are the assumptions that the systems are independent and memory is lateralized for each type of material. To test the verbal component of this hypothesis, unilateral hippocampal lesion and commissurotomy patients were compared with controls on a multiple-list free-recall task. The material specific hypothesis predicts severe impairment only with left lesions; right lesions and commissurotomy patients should be only minimally impaired. However, secondary memory was compromised at immediate recall for all patient groups, with both unilateral groups showing comparable and severe verbal episodic memory deficits. Final testing across all lists also revealed severe impairment in commissurotomy patients. Finding both unilateral groups to be similarly impaired for verbal material is taken as evidence against a material specific deficit during this verbal episodic memory task. Although previous data suggest that left patients are considerably more impaired during some verbal tasks, this may not be specific to the material, but rather the combination of material and task demands. Implications for the material specific hypothesis are discussed.
Identification of Vascular Dynamics and Estimation of the Cardiac Output Waveform from Wearable PPG Sensors (2005)

A method for estimating cardiovascular dynamics and cardiac output waveforms using signals derived from two PPG sensors is presented. The method employs a novel signal-processing algorithm known as Laguerre Model Blind System Identification to identify the vascular dynamics associated with the measured PPG signals. A unique deconvolution method is then used with the identified Laguerre models to estimate the cardiac output waveform. Initial results implementing the method on data derived from a human subject is presented. Results show good agreement between the morphology of the estimated waveform and the typical morphology of the human cardiac output waveform.
Novel Protein Kinase/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complex Essential for Receptor-mediated Protein Sorting to the Vacuole in Yeast (1995)

The cytoplasmic environment of eukaryotic cells is subdivided into a number of functionally distinct membrane-enclosed organelles. The accurate and efficient delivery of proteins to specific intracellular organelles is essential to establish and maintain the functional integrity of these compartments. The secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells is responsible for the proper modification and delivery of proteins to the cell surface and to a variety of intracellular destinations (Palade 1975). The delivery of proteins to the lysosomal, or vacuolar, compartment is mediated by the secretory pathway and is one of the best-characterized examples of an intracellular protein-sorting process (Kornfeld and Mellman 1989; Klionsky et al. 1990; Raymond et al. 1992; Stack et al. 1995a). Following translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal proteins transit to the Golgi complex together with proteins destined for secretion from the cell. Within a late Golgi compartment, lysosomal proteins are sorted away from the secretory protein traffic and...
Secure software installation in a mobile environment (2007)

Software security in mobile devices today is done by granting privileges to software, usually based on code signing. The cost of obtaining signatures and meeting strict quality requirements deters hobbyist developers from participating and contributing to application development. If a certain piece of software does not come with an acceptable signature, the mobile device may give the user the option of deciding whether that software should be granted the requested privileges. Naturally, designing the user interaction for this step without hampering usability and security is tricky. When users are simply prompted whether they want to grant certain privileges to some software, they often do not have enough information to understand the implications of this action.
Trustworthy Computing for the Cloud-Mobile Era: A Leap Forward in Systems Architecture (2014)

The past decade has transformed computing in astounding ways: Who could have predicted, back in 2004, that cloud computing was about to change so profoundly?to democratize in many respects?the availability of computing, storage, and networking? Who could have imagined the transformation of client computing that resulted from the combination of pay-as-you-go cloud infrastructure for application developers and affordable, powerful, touch-enabled mobile devices?
Hohe Vasopressin/Copeptin-Spiegel im Nabelschnurblut nach Spontangeburt und Geburtsazidose (2010)

Hintergrund: Spiegelbestimmungen von Arginin-Vasopressin (AVP), auch bekannt als anti-diuretisches Hormon (ADH), sind unter klinischen Bedingungen kaum durchführbar (sehr kurze Halbwertszeit). Die Messung des Synthesespaltprodukts Copeptin (C-terminales Ende von Pre-Pro-Vasopressin) erlaubt jedoch eine zuverlässige äquimolare Bestimmung der AVP/ADH Sekretionsrate. Bei gesunden Erwachsenen liegen die Copeptinwerte im Median (M) bei 4pmol/L, die 95. Perzentile (P95) beträgt 17pmol/L. Die höchsten Werte (bis 1000pmol/L) wurden bisher bei Erwachsenen mit schwerstem hämorrhagischem, kardialen oder septischem Schock sowie ischämischem Schlaganfall gemessen. Fragestellung: Welchen Einfluss haben perinatale Faktoren einschließlich der verschiedenen Geburtsmodi auf die AVP/ADH-Sekretion? Material und Methodik: Serumproben von 177 gesunden und überwiegend reifen Neugeborenen (143 venöse Nabelschnurblutproben, davon 117 mit zusätzlich arterieller Nabelschnurblutprobe und 68 mit zusätzlich venöser Blutprobe vom 4. Lebenstag, 34 weitere Proben vom 4. Lebenstag). Quantitative Bestimmung der Copeptinspiegel mittels CT-proAVP-Lumineszenzimmunoassay (LIA, Brahms, Henningsdorf). Statistische Auswertung mit nichtparametrischen Tests (Spearman, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis). Ergebnisse und Diskussion: In den gepaarten Nabelschnurblutproben waren bei enger Korrelation (Rs=0,825; p&lt;0,0001)höhere Copeptinwerte im arteriellen Blut als im venösen Blut zu messen (M 18 vs. 10pmol/L, p&lt;0,001). Geschlecht, intrauterine Wachstumsretardierung, Geburtsgewicht, vorzeitige Wehen und Apgar-Werte zeigten keinen Einfluss auf die Copeptinspiegel. Die höchsten Copeptinwerte (bis 5000pmol/L) fanden sich in Nabelschnurblutproben mit den niedrigsten pH-Werten bzw. dem größten Basendefizit. Bei vaginal entbundenen Kindern lagen die Copeptinwerte rund 500-fach höher (M/P5-P95 arteriell 1610/97–5000pmol/L) als nach Sectio. (8/3–783pmol/L). Bis zum 4. Lebenstag hatten sich alle perinatalen Copeptinerhöhungen zurückgebildet. Schlussfolgerung: Eine vaginale Entbindung bewirkt eine maximale AVP/ADH-Ausschüttung, gemessen an Nabelschnurblut-Copeptinwerten. Dies könnte zur Erklärung beitragen, weshalb vaginal entbundene Kinder postnatal weniger arterielle Hypotonien (AVP/ADH erhöht den Gefäßtonus), Atemstörungen (AVP/ADH stimuliert die Surfactantsekretion) und Dehydratationen (AVP/ADH steigert die renale Wasserrückresorption) aufweisen als Sectio-geborene Kinder.