gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing the directivity of a microstrip patch array by genetic optimization (2015)

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2021 Impact Factor: 0.682The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Rethinking Neural vs. Matrix-Factorization Collaborative Filtering: the\n Theoretical Perspectives (2021)

The recent work by Rendle et al. (2020), based on empirical observations,\nargues that matrix-factorization collaborative filtering (MCF) compares\nfavorably to neural collaborative filtering (NCF), and conjectures the dot\nproduct's superiority over the feed-forward neural network as similarity\nfunction. In this paper, we address the comparison rigorously by answering the\nfollowing questions: 1. what is the limiting expressivity of each model; 2.\nunder the practical gradient descent, to which solution does each optimization\npath converge; 3. how would the models generalize under the inductive and\ntransductive learning setting. Our results highlight the similar expressivity\nfor the overparameterized NCF and MCF as kernelized predictors, and reveal the\nrelation between their optimization paths. We further show their different\ngeneralization behaviors, where MCF and NCF experience specific tradeoff and\ncomparison in the transductive and inductive collaborative filtering setting.\nLastly, by showing a novel generalization result, we reveal the critical role\nof correcting exposure bias for model evaluation in the inductive setting. Our\nresults explain some of the previously observed conflicts, and we provide\nsynthetic and real-data experiments to shed further insights to this topic.\n
Field emission diodes with tungsten wedge cathode (2002)

A process technology and device characterization for vacuum microelectronic diodes with a lateral electron trajectory are described. The cathode for the diode devices is fabricated with successive deposition of Al-W-Ti:W utilizing DC magnetron sputtering. The aluminum film is partially sacrificed to achieve the necessary sharp tip of tungsten for field emission. The metals are deposited by DC magnetron sputtering followed by liftoff lithography and thermal annealing. Selected devices which are electrically characterized in 2 to 5*10/sup -9/ torr vacuum are compared with the Fowler-Nordheim-based model. The cathode-to-anode lateral spacing in these devices is 0.8 mu m. A maximum of 23- mu A current is obtained from the cathode of one of the devices investigated. Static electrical characteristics predicted by the Fowler-Nordheim relationship are compared with experimental data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Negative Cross Resistance; a Possible Key to Atrazine Resistance Management: A Call for Whole Plant Data (1990)

Many photosystem II inhibiting herbicides still inhibit this process in triazine-resistant plants; i.e. they have no cross resistance with atrazine. Five- to twenty-fold lower concentrations of phenolic type herbicidcs and 5-fold less of the active ingredient of pyridate and half as much ioxynil are required to inhibit thylakoid PS II in atrazine-resistant biotypes than in sensitive biotypes; i.e., they even show “negative cross resistance”. Negative cross resistance may be the major reason that atrazine resistance did not evolve where herbicide mixtures were used, when the mixed herbicide (usually a non-PS II inhibiting acetanilide) also controlled triazine-sensitivc weeds. Mathematical modeling in principle allows quantification of the very low field levels of herbicides possessing negative cross resistance that could be mixed with atrazine that would stop or delay the evolution of resistant populations without affecting the maize crop. There are few available actual dose response curves of atrazine-resistant vs. susceptible weeds at the whole plant level for herbicidcs exerting negative cross resistance. Thus, “real situation” modeling cannot be done. Data acquisition is called for so that the model can be extrapolated from the thylakoid to the field.
Toward the Automated Detection of Light Echoes in Synoptic Surveys: Considerations on the Application of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2022)

Abstract Light echoes (LEs) are the reflections of astrophysical transients off of interstellar dust. They are fascinating astronomical phenomena that enable studies of the scattering dust as well as of the original transients. LEs, however, are rare and extremely difficult to detect as they appear as faint, diffuse, time-evolving features. The detection of LEs still largely relies on human inspection of images, a method unfeasible in the era of large synoptic surveys. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will generate an unprecedented amount of astronomical imaging data at high spatial resolution, exquisite image quality, and over tens of thousands of square degrees of sky: an ideal survey for LEs. However, the Rubin data processing pipelines are optimized for the detection of point sources and will entirely miss LEs. Over the past several years, artificial intelligence (AI) object-detection frameworks have achieved and surpassed real-time, human-level performance. In this work, we leverage a data set from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System telescope to test a popular AI object-detection framework, You Only Look Once, or YOLO, developed by the computer-vision community, to demonstrate the potential of AI for the detection of LEs in astronomical images. We find that an AI framework can reach human-level performance even with a size- and quality-limited data set. We explore and highlight challenges, including class imbalance and label incompleteness, and road map the work required to build an end-to-end pipeline for the automated detection and study of LEs in high-throughput astronomical surveys.
The Bifunctional Primase‐Helicases of Bacteriophage T7 and Arabidopsis thaliana (2006)

The primase and helicase activities of most organisms reside in separate but interacting proteins. By contrast, in the bacteriophage T7 gene 4 protein, these activities are in a single polypeptide. The N‐terminal primase domain is responsible for template‐directed oligoribonucleotide synthesis whereas the C‐terminal helicase domain is responsible for helicase‐associated activities such as oligomer formation, DNA‐dependent dTTP hydrolysis, and translocation along single‐stranded DNA. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a homolog of T7 gene 4 protein. The Arabidopsis protein has primary sequence similarity to the T7 gene 4 protein, but no specific enzyme activity has been observed up to now. Sequence analysis of the N‐terminus indicates that the protein is targeted to the mitochondria suggesting a possible relationship between the DNA replication in bacteriophages and plant mitochondria.
Transfer of maternally administered fusogenic liposome‐DNA complexes into monkey fetuses in a pregnancy model (2002)

This is the first report on materno-fetal transfer of intradermally administered fusogenic liposome-plasmid DNA complexes and fetal expression of a transgene in primates.
Numerical and experimental characterization of the thermal behavior of a packaged DRAM-on-logic stack (2012)

3D-TSV technologies promise increased system integration at lower cost and reduced footprint. One of the most likely applications of 3D technology is the integration DRAM-on-logic. Thermal management issues are considered one of the potentially showstoppers for 3D-integration. In this paper, we present a thermal experimental and modeling characterization of a packaged DRAM on logic stack. The DRAM die is stacked to the thinned logic die (25μm) using CuSn microbumps. For the experimental characterization a dedicated logic chip with integrated heaters and sensors is used. The thermal impact of logic hot spot dissipation on the temperature profile of the DRAM and the logic die is experimentally characterized in a dedicated socket using two experimental configurations mimicking a high power and a low power configuration respectively. The use of those 2 different experimental configurations of the packaged stack allows the calibration of a detailed finite element thermal model. The calibrated thermal models are used to evaluate the impact of the effective thermal conductivity of the microbump and underfill layer and the impact of the logic die thickness on the temperature distribution in the logic and DRAM die for different cooling configurations of the die stack.
T-Cell Vaccination Reduces Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Levels in Semen (2009)

Recent findings suggest that most sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs during the acute phase of infection when viral replication is most intense. Here, we show that vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses can significantly reduce simian immunodeficiency virus levels in the semen during the period of primary infection in monkeys. A vaccine that decreases the quantity of HIV-1 in the semen of males during primary infection might decrease HIV-1 transmission in human populations and therefore affect the spread of AIDS.
Co–Cu Bimetallic Metal Organic Framework Catalyst Outperforms the Pt/C Benchmark for Oxygen Reduction (2021)

Platinum (Pt)-based-nanomaterials are currently the most successful catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in electrochemical energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Nonetheless, Pt catalysts have serious drawbacks, including low abundance in nature, sluggish kinetics, and very high costs, which limit their practical applications. Herein, we report the first rationally designed nonprecious Co-Cu bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOF) using a low-temperature hydrothermal method that outperforms the electrocatalytic activity of Pt/C for ORR in alkaline environments. The MOF catalyst surpassed the ORR performance of Pt/C, exhibiting an onset potential of 1.06 V vs RHE, a half-wave potential of 0.95 V vs RHE, and a higher electrochemical stability (Δ<i>E</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 30 mV) after 1000 ORR cycles in 0.1 M NaOH. Additionally, it outperformed Pt/C in terms of power density and cyclability in zinc-air batteries. This outstanding behavior was attributed to the unique electronic synergy of the Co-Cu bimetallic centers in the MOF network, which was revealed by XPS and PDOS.
Detection of activities and events without explicit categorization (2011)

We address the problem of unsupervised detection of events (e.g., changes or meaningful states of human activities) without any similarity test against specific models or probability density estimation (e.g., specific category learning). Rather than estimating probability densities, very difficult to calculate in general settings, we formulate the event detection as binary classification with density ratio estimation [9] in a hierarchical probabilistic framework. The proposed method takes pairs of video stream data (i.e., past and current) as input with differing time-scales, generates density ratio models in a way of online learning, and judges if there is any `meaningful difference' between them based on the multiple density ratio estimations. Through experimental studies on real-world scenes of specific domains using challenging datasets from sports scene (i.e., tennis match) with complex background, we demonstrate the potential advantage of our approach over the state-of-the-art in terms of precision and efficiency.
Interlocked DNA Nanojoints for Reversible Thermal Sensing (2020)

Abstract The ability to precisely measure and monitor temperature at high resolution at the nanoscale is an important task for better understanding the thermodynamic properties of functional entities at the nanoscale in complex systems, or at the level of a single cell. However, the development of high‐resolution and robust thermal nanosensors is challenging. The design, assembly, and characterization of a group of thermal‐responsive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) joints, consisting of two interlocked double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) rings, is described. The DNA nanojoints reversibly switch between the static and mobile state at different temperatures without a special annealing process. The temperature response range of the DNA nanojoint can be easily tuned by changing the length or the sequence of the hybridized region in its structure, and because of its interlocked structure the temperature response range of the DNA nanojoint is largely unaffected by its own concentration; this contrasts with systems that consist of separated components.
On Precoding for High Spatial Rate Space-Time Codes (2006)

MIMO wireless systems have been studied over the past few years due to the promise of increased capacity and reliability. Additional performance gains are possible when channel state information is available at the transmitter (CSI-T). In this work, we consider the case of partial CSI-T (channel transmit covariance) and revisit precoder design for high rate space-time codes which do not have a unique minimum error matrix. Using a set of minimum error matrices combined with traditional MIMO precoder design results in improved performance over that of previous design techniques based a single minimum error matrix.
Molecular epidemiology of HTLV-I-Associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Jamaica (1988)

As part of epidemiologic studies of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I-associated malignancies in Jamaica, the authors evaluated 26 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for the presence of integrated HTLV-I provirus in their malignant cells. Fifteen of 26 patients had integrated provirus. All 15 also were HTLV-I antibody positive. Eleven patients did not have integrated provirus, and all 11 were antibody negative. All of the antibody-positive cases had onset of their disease in adulthood (age range, 21-57 years) as opposed to the broad age range of negative cases (4-66 years). Clinical features which were more common in provirus positive than negative patients included leukemic phase, skin involvement, and hypercalcemia, which are all features frequently seen in HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). The presence of skin involvement, circulating malignant cells, abnormal liver function tests, or the presence of two or more of these four features were statistically significantly different between virus-positive and virus-negative cases. Although the survival of positive cases (6 months) was shorter than that of negative cases (9 months), this was not statistically significant. The only significant determinant of survival was hypercalcemia, with those who developed hypercalcemia at some point in their disease course, independent of their HTLV-I status, surviving a mean of 5 months as compared to a mean of 17.5 months in those who never became hypercalcemic. The six HTLV-I-positive lymphomas that underwent cell typing were all primarily OKT4 positive, whereas two HTLV-I antibody-negative cases that were typed were B-cell lymphomas.
Time reversal and object reconstruction using single-cycle terahertz pulses (2002)

Developments in optoelectronics for the generation and detection of singleand few-cycle terahertz pulses over the past 10 years have resulted in a heightened understanding of the diffraction and propagation of ultrashort electromagnetic transients. Particularly, the spatiotemporal shaping of singleand few-cycle THz pulses, as investigated by Bromage et al. and Budiarto et al. (1998), has served to verify the effects that diffraction through conductive apertures impose on such pulses. These same developments in optoelectronics have also resulted in numerous inventive applications for this radiation, whereby THz imaging technology has opened new applications in medical and industrial settings. We present novel form of imaging using mathematically reversed scattered fields to reconstruct objects under test. Similar to the innovations pioneered by Cheville et al. (1995) in impulse ranging with single-cycle THz pulses, we have performed an experiment that can serve as a scaled model for the diffraction of single-cycle pulses in other systems. For the two-fold study presented, the reconstruction of the electric field amplitude at any position on an object in one dimension was achieved by measuring the diffracted fields at several off-axis positions (with one object orientation). For a two-dimensional object, the reconstruction was accomplished by rotating the object about its central normal and measuring the scattered radiation at one off-axis position; consequently in both case, we are able to ascertain the shape of the diffracting object.
Security Vulnerabilities and Solutions in Mobile WiMAX (2007)

This article shows different security vulnerabilities found in IEEE 802.16e and gives possible solutions to eliminate them. These vulnerabilities are the possibilities to forge key messages in Multi- and Broadcast operation, some unauthenticated messages which are susceptible to forgery and the unencrypted management communication which reveals important management information. Keywords: IEEE 802.16e security, multi- and broadcast service, shared key vulnerability, hash chaining solution
Synthesis of Analogues of (E)-1-Hydroxy-2-methylbut-2-enyl 4-Diphosphate, an Isoprenoid Precursor and Human γδ T Cell Activator (2008)

(E)-1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-but-2-enyl 4-diphosphate (HMBPP) is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and also serves as a very strong activator of human gamma delta T cells expressing Vgamma9Vdelta2 receptors. This paper describes the synthesis of analogues of HMBPP, in which the diphosphate group is replaced by potential isosteric moieties, i.e., carbamate, N-acyl-N'-oxy sulfamate, or aminosulfonyl carbamate functionalities. The potential of the synthesized analogues to stimulate Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell response or to inhibit GcpE and LytB, the last enzymes in the non-mevalonate pathway, was assessed.
Characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans Monodictyphenone Gene Cluster (2010)

Deletion of cclA, a component of the COMPASS complex of Aspergillus nidulans, results in the production of monodictyphenone and emodin derivatives. Through a set of targeted deletions in a cclA deletion strain, we have identified the genes required for monodictyphenone and emodin analog biosynthesis. Identification of an intermediate, endocrocin, from an mdpHDelta strain suggests that mdpH might encode a decarboxylase. Furthermore, by replacing the promoter of mdpA (a putative aflJ homolog) and mdpE (a putative aflR homolog) with the inducible alcA promoter, we have confirmed that MdpA functions as a coactivator. We propose a biosynthetic pathway for monodictyphenone and emodin derivatives based on bioinformatic analysis and characterization of biosynthetic intermediates.
Anomalous spin polarization of GaAs two-dimensional hole systems (2005)

We report measurements and calculations of the spin-subband depopulation, induced by a parallel magnetic field, of dilute GaAs two-dimensional (2D) hole systems. The results reveal that the shape of the confining potential dramatically affects the values of an in-plane magnetic field at which the upper spin subband is depopulated. Most surprisingly, unlike 2D electron systems, the carrier-carrier interaction in 2D hole systems does not significantly enhance the spin susceptibility. We interpret our findings using a multipole expansion of the spin density matrix, and suggest that the suppression of the enhancement is related to the holes' band structure and effective spin $j=3∕2$.
Low-Voltage Ride-Through Capability for Wind Generators Based on Dynamic Voltage Restorers (2010)

The increasing penetration of wind energy in power systems has forced operators worldwide to develop new grid codes to integrate this form of generation. One important aspect of the problem is the low-voltage ride-through capability of wind generators. This paper describes a solution for wind farms with squirrel-cage asynchronous generators based on the use of a dynamic voltage restorer. Along with a specifically developed control scheme, it provides the wind generator the ability to remain connected during a voltage disturbance and, at the same time, to fulfill the demanding reactive power requirements imposed by recent grid codes. The main experimental results of extensive laboratory tests on system performance are also presented.
Therapeutic protein–drug interaction assessment for daclizumab high‐yield process in patients with multiple sclerosis using a cocktail approach (2016)

DAC HYP treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis had no effect on CYP 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A activity.
Site‐specific structural investigations of oxidized nickel samples modified by plasma erosion processes (2007)

A focused ion beam was employed for local target preparation for EBSD analysis. The volume of the ion-solid interaction is well below 50 nm at glancing incidence for metallic and transition metal oxide samples. Therefore, focused ion beam can successfully be used for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) sample preparation. The sample investigated consists of Ni covered with a NiO layer of approximately 5 microm thickness. Focused ion beam cross-sectioning of these layers and subsequent electron imaging in addition to EBSD maps shows a bimodal structure of the oxide layer. In order to test the potential of such oxidized samples as electrode materials, single spark erosion experiments were performed. The erosion craters have diameters up to 40 microm and have a depth corresponding to the thickness of the oxide layer. In addition, a deformation zone produced by thermoshock accompanies the formation of the crater. This deformation zone was further investigated by EBSD analysis using a new way of sample preparation employing the focused ion beam technology. This target preparation routine is called Volume of Interest Transfer and has the potential of providing a full three-dimensional characterization.
Deformably registering and annotating whole CLARITY brains to an atlas via masked LDDMM (2016)

The CLARITY method renders brains optically transparent to enable high-resolution imaging in the structurally intact brain. Anatomically annotating CLARITY brains is necessary for discovering which regions contain signals of interest. Manually annotating whole-brain, terabyte CLARITY images is difficult, time-consuming, subjective, and error-prone. Automatically registering CLARITY images to a pre-annotated brain atlas offers a solution, but is difficult for several reasons. Removal of the brain from the skull and subsequent storage and processing cause variable non-rigid deformations, thus compounding inter-subject anatomical variability. Additionally, the signal in CLARITY images arises from various biochemical contrast agents which only sparsely label brain structures. This sparse labeling challenges the most commonly used registration algorithms that need to match image histogram statistics to the more densely labeled histological brain atlases. The standard method is a multiscale Mutual Information B-spline algorithm that dynamically generates an average template as an intermediate registration target. We determined that this method performs poorly when registering CLARITY brains to the Allen Institute's Mouse Reference Atlas (ARA), because the image histogram statistics are poorly matched. Therefore, we developed a method (Mask-LDDMM) for registering CLARITY images, that automatically finds the brain boundary and learns the optimal deformation between the brain and atlas masks. Using Mask-LDDMM without an average template provided better results than the standard approach when registering CLARITY brains to the ARA. The LDDMM pipelines developed here provide a fast automated way to anatomically annotate CLARITY images; our code is available as open source software at http://NeuroData.io.