gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current-in-Plane Giant Magnetoresistance Sensor Using a Thin Cu Spacer and Dual Nano-Oxide Layers With a ${\rm DR}$ Greater Than $20$ Ohms/sq. (2007)

The magnetoresistance (MR) of the current-in-plane spin-valve, which is currently utilized as the readback sensor in the majority of hard disk drives, has reached a maximum MR of DR/R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min.</sub> ~20% and DR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sheet</sub> ~4 Omega/sq. A new sensor film stack will be introduced here that utilizes a trilayer (CoFe\Cu\CoFe) where the Cu interlayer is very thin (~10 Aring) to enhance the MR and where the Cu thickness is chosen such that the ferromagnetic Neel coupling and the antiferromagnetic Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) coupling between the CoFe layers partially cancel one another, to maximize the sensitivity. By changing the Cu interlayer thickness, the overall interlayer coupling was adjusted from about -0.05 erg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to -0.4 erg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while keeping the MR large. Nano-oxide layers (NOLs) are also incorporated below and above the trilayer sensor to enhance the MR. An example of this sensor is NiFeCr 20 Aring/CoFeO 10 Aring/CoFe 15 Aring/Cu 10.5 Aring/CoFe 15 Aring/AlO 30 Aring and will be referred to as CIP-3L. With the combination of the thin Cu spacer, the NOLs and minimal additional layers to shunt the current around the trilayer sensor (no antiferromagnetic material and no pinned layers), as deposited sheet films with an MR of DR/R >25% and DR/sq. >20 Omega/sq. were achieved. This paper shows the optimization of the sensor stack, such as film thicknesses, NOL material, and oxidation process, the adjustability of the interlayer exchange coupling between the CoFe layers and also shows the repeatability of the sensor deposition
Synthesis of N,N-dimethylnitramine by nitrodephosphorylation of hexamethylphosphoramide (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of N,N-dimethylnitramine by nitrodephosphorylation of hexamethylphosphoramideJeffrey C. Bottaro, Clifford D. Bedford, Robert J. Schmitt, and Donald F. McMillenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 17, 4140–4141Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00252a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00252a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parametric analysis of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in chiral metamaterials (2015)

In this paper, the handedness dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a chiral metamaterial and its sensitivity to the coupling conditions are presented. A chiral metamaterial, consisting of an array of coupled cut-wire resonators (CWRs) supporting the radiative resonance, exhibits strong chiral responses around 4 GHz when excited by circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) waves. Split ring resonators (SRRs) are designed to support non-radiative resonances at the same frequencies. Through appropriately introducing SRRs into the CWR array, transmission peaks are observed in the EIT chiral system at the frequencies correspond to the stopbands of the CWR chiral metamaterial for both RCP and LCP excitations. Particularly, transmission peaks of -2.3 dB and -1.3 dB are observed around 3.75 GHz and 4.10 GHz, respectively, for RCP and LCP waves, in contrast to the corresponding -13 dB and -9.2 dB handedness dependent transmission dips. The sensitivities of the proposed chiral EIT effect on coupling between SRRs and the CWRs are also studied.
DHODH inhibition synergizes with DNA-demethylating agents in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (2021)

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. DHODH inhibition has recently been recognized as a potential new approach for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by inducing differentiation. We investigated the efficacy of PTC299, a novel DHODH inhibitor, for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). PTC299 inhibited the proliferation of MDS cell lines, and this was rescued by exogenous uridine, which bypasses de novo pyrimidine synthesis. In contrast to AML cells, PTC299 was inefficient at inhibiting growth and inducing the differentiation of MDS cells, but synergized with hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine, to inhibit the growth of MDS cells. This synergistic effect was confirmed in primary MDS samples. As a single agent, PTC299 prolonged the survival of mice in xenograft models using MDS cell lines, and was more potent in combination with decitabine. Mechanistically, a treatment with PTC299 induced intra-S-phase arrest followed by apoptotic cell death. Of interest, PTC299 enhanced the incorporation of decitabine, an analog of cytidine, into DNA by inhibiting pyrimidine production, thereby enhancing the cytotoxic effects of decitabine. RNA-seq data revealed the marked downregulation of MYC target gene sets with PTC299 exposure. Transfection of MDS cell lines with MYC largely attenuated the growth inhibitory effects of PTC299, suggesting MYC as one of the major targets of PTC299. Our results indicate that the DHODH inhibitor PTC299 suppresses the growth of MDS cells and acts in a synergistic manner with decitabine. This combination therapy may be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of MDS.
Magnetic Properties and Metastable States in Spin-Crossover Transition of Co–Fe Prussian Blue Analogues (2006)

The combination of spin transitions and magnetic ordering provides an interesting structure of phase transitions in Prussian blue analogues (PBAs). To understand the structure of stable and metastable states of Co-Fe PBA, it is necessary to clarify free energy as a function of magnetization and the fraction of the high-temperature component. Including the magnetic interaction between high-temperature states, we study the magnetic phase transition of Co-Fe PBA in addition to spin transitions. Here, we take into account the degeneracy changes due to charge transfer between Co and Fe atoms accompanying the spin transition. In this study, the charge transfer between Co and Fe atoms is explicitly taken into account and also the ferrimagnetic structure of Co-Fe PBAs is expressed in the proper way. First, we found systematic changes in the structures of stable and metastable states as functions of system parameters using mean field theory. In particular, the existence of a metastable magnetic-ordered high-temperature state is confirmed at temperatures lower than that of the hysteresis region of spin transitions. Second, we found that the magnetic interaction causes complex ordering processes of a spin transition and a magnetic phase transition. The effect of a magnetic field on the phase structure is also investigated and we found metamagnetic magnetization processes. Finally, the dynamical properties of this metastable state are studied by Monte Carlo method.
Viewpoint Switching Prediction Model for Multi-view Video Based on Viewing Logs (2014)

Multi-view video consists of multiple views which are shot simultaneously by multiple cameras from different viewpoints. Users can watch the video while choosing a viewpoint from them freely. In the multi-view video streaming, we need to deal with a problem that the multi-view videos put an enormous burden on the network for delivering because of transmitting many videos at a same time. Hierarchical multi-view streaming(HMVS) has been proposed as one of the methods of reducing the transmission quantity of multi-view video. The prediction of switching viewpoints is necessary for bandwidth allocation in HMVS. In this paper, we propose a viewpoint switching prediction model based on viewing logs for HMVS. The proposed model divides the sequence of multi-view video into some scenes and learns the probability of switching viewpoints for each scene from viewing logs. Through the evaluation experiment, the proposed model achieved effective viewpoint switching predictions.
1P314 Visible-light photoresponsivity of synthetic DNA conjugated with 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene as a side chain unit(Bioengineering,Poster Presentations) (2007)

De na on of DNA duplex by V ' light induced 5 ctural cha ge
Average minimum distances of periodic point sets – foundational invariants for mapping periodic crystals (2021)

The fundamental model of any solid crystalline material (crystal) at the atomic scale is a periodic point set. The strongest natural equivalence of crystals is rigid motion or isometry that preserves all inter-atomic distances. Past comparisons of periodic structures often used manual thresholds, symmetry groups and reduced cells, which are discontinuous under perturbations or thermal vibrations of atoms. This work defines the infinite sequence of continuous isometry invariants (Average Minimum Distances) to progressively capture distances between neighbors. The asymptotic behaviour of the new invariants is theoretically proved in all dimensions for a wide class of sets including non-periodic. The proposed near linear time algorithm identified all different crystals in the world's largest Cambridge Structural Database within a few hours on a modest desktop. The ultra fast speed and proved continuity provide rigorous foundations to continuously parameterise the space of all periodic crystals as a high-dimensional extension of Mendeleev's table of elements.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathological Visualization of Human Dural Lymphatic Vessels (2018)

In this protocol, we describe a method to visualize and map dural lymphatic vessels <i>in-vivo</i> using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and <i>ex-vivo</i> using histopathological techniques. While MRI protocols for routine imaging of meningeal lymphatics include contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR and T1- weighted black-blood imaging, a more specific 3D mapping of the lymphatic system can be obtained by administering two distinct gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents on different days (gadofosveset and gadobutrol) and subsequently processing images acquired before and after administration of each type of contrast. In addition, we introduce methods for optimal immunostaining of lymphatic and blood vessel markers in human dura mater <i>ex-vivo</i>.
Corrective effects of hepatotoxicity by hepatic Dyrk1a gene delivery in mice with intermediate hyperhomocysteinemia (2015)

Hyperhomocysteinemia results from hepatic metabolism dysfunction and is characterized by a high plasma homocysteine level, which is also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Elevated levels of homocysteine in plasma lead to hepatic lesions and abnormal lipid metabolism. Therefore, lowering homocysteine levels might offer therapeutic benefits. Recently, we were able to lower plasma homocysteine levels in mice with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia using an adenoviral construct designed to restrict the expression of DYRK1A, a serine/threonine kinase involved in methionine metabolism (and therefore homocysteine production), to hepatocytes. Here, we aimed to extend our previous findings by analyzing the effect of hepatocyte-specific <i>Dyrk1a</i> gene transfer on intermediate hyperhomocysteinemia and its associated hepatic toxicity and liver dysfunction. Commensurate with decreased plasma homocysteine and alanine aminotransferase levels, targeted hepatic expression of DYRK1A in mice with intermediate hyperhomocysteinemia resulted in elevated plasma paraoxonase-1 and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activities and apolipoprotein A-I levels. It also rescued hepatic apolipoprotein E, J, and D levels. Further, Akt/GSK3/cyclin D1 signaling pathways in the liver of treated mice were altered, which may help prevent homocysteine-induced cell cycle dysfunction. <i>DYRK1A</i> gene therapy could be useful in the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in populations, such as end-stage renal disease patients, who are unresponsive to B-complex vitamin therapy.
Photodegradation of copolyester films: A mechanistic study (2018)

ABSTRACT The photodegradation of copolyesters based on 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), tetramethyl‐1,3‐cyclobutanediol, and terephthalic acid units was investigated using various analytical methods. Photodegradation products were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and X‐ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The homolytic scission of C‐O bonds of ester groups through a Norrish Type I reaction was supported by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and LC–MS results, while nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirmed hydrogen abstraction from the tertiary carbon of CHDM units in the trans ( equatorial‐equatorial ) conformation. Chain scission through Norrish Type II reaction is also responsible for the formation of carboxylic acid end group. Fluorescence emission from irradiated glycol modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) films demonstrated the formation of mono‐ and dihydroxyterephthalate species. Furthermore, FTIR and XPS valence band analysis confirmed configurational changes, in the polymer chain due to photodegradation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47148.
Multi-dimensional permutation modulation aiming at both high spectral efficiency and high power efficiency (2014)

We analyze the performance of multi-dimensional permutation modulation formats. With the increase in the dimension of modulation, their spectral efficiencies can approach the Shannon limit even when their power efficiencies are kept high.
Ecosystem model of a deep-sea plankton community for CO<inf>2</inf> ocean sequestration (2008)

In order to conduct environmental assessments of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sequestration in deep-seas, the effects of high-concentration CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> on marine organisms is one of the most important factors prior to CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sequestration practice. One-dimensional ecosystem model was developed to simulate the ecosystem in a deep-sea of more than 1,500 m depth, which corresponds to the dissolution depth for CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ocean sequestration. Here we discuss the numerical results of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> impacts on biological communities using the ecosystem model developed.
Effect of certolizumab pegol, etanercept, adalimumab and infliximab on cytokine production (2007)

Patients with Crohn's disease show over-expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), by lymphocytes and monocytes. Anti tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) agents have been shown to reduce the symptoms of Crohn's disease effectively. It is possible that one mechanism that contributes to this efficacy is mediated by membrane TNFα signalling to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production. Certolizumab pegol (a monoclonal antibody Fab' fragment conjugated with polyethylene glycol) is in an advanced stage of development for the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease. Phase III clinical studies have demonstrated that certolizumab pegol induces a rapid and sustained decrease in the symptoms of Crohn's disease. This study compared LPS-stimulated production of IL-1β in the presence of certolizumab pegol and several other anti-TNF agents. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from healthy human donors and CD14+ magnetic microbead-associated cell sorting (MACS) used to positively select monocytes. Purified monocytes were pre-incubated for 1 hour with certolizumab pegol, etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, or a relevant control at concentrations of 100 μg/mL to 100 pg/mL. After extensive washing, the monocytes were incubated, with or without LPS (100 ng/mL), for 4 hours at 37°C. Supernatants were assayed for IL-1β using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for a range of chemokines, cytokines and several other proteins using a Luminex assay. Complete, dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-stimulated production of IL-1β by monocytes was achieved by certolizumab pegol, infliximab, and adalimumab. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of etanercept was less pronounced, with only partial inhibition of cytokine production being observed. Certolizumab pegol was approximately 100-fold more potent than infliximab and adalimumab at inhibiting the release of IL-1β by monocytes. The effects of infliximab and adalimumab were similar. The Luminex analysis of a panel of cytokines and chemokines revealed varying degrees of inhibition, with the greatest effect being on the production of IL-10 and IL-12. Once again etanercept was not as potent as the other anti-TNF agents at inhibiting these cytokines. Certolizumab pegol effectively inhibited monocyte production of IL-1β. Its inhibitory action was more potent than that observed with adalimumab or infliximab. Even at high concentrations, etanercept only partially inhibited IL-1β production. To date these results are from in vitro experiments, but the comparative trends in inhibition of cytokine production stimulated by bacterial LPS appear to reflect the clinical efficacy of these anti-TNF agents in Crohn's disease. The potent inhibition by certolizumab pegol of cytokine production by monocytes may represent an important mechanism of action in Crohn's disease.
Neutron Imaging by Boric Acid (2013)

In this paper a new type of passive neutron detector based on the already existing one, CR39, is described. Its operation was verified by three different neutron sources: an Americium-Beryllium (Am241-Be) source; a TRIGA type nuclear reactor; and a fast neutron reactor called TAPIRO. The obtained results, reported here, positively confirm its operation and the accountability of the new developed detecting technique.
Stereodivergent Syntheses of Anisomycin Derivatives from d-Tyrosine (2005)

[structures: see text] Enantiomerically pure 2-alkyl-3-acetoxy-4-iodopyrrolidines with all groups cis, and all adjacent groups trans (10 and 17), important precursors for the synthesis of pyrrolidinediols, have been prepared from D-tyrosine through regio- and diastereoselective reduction of a vinyl ketone and subsequent iodoamidation controlled by minimization of nonbonding steric interactions. Highly stereodivergent Woodward-Prevost methodology, applied to both iodopyrrolidines, yielded enantiomerically pure (2R,3R,4R)-, (2R,3R,4S)-, and (2R,3S,4R)-deacetylanisomycin (3, 4, and 5), each in excellent de. Incorporation of differential protection of the hydroxyl groups led to a one-pot synthesis of (2R,3R,4R)-anisomycin 2.
Poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic acid) biodegradable carrier for delivery of tamsulosin hydrochloride (2010)

Abstract Polyesteranhydrides synthesized by the transesterification of ricinoleic acid and sebacic acid followed by anhydride polymerization were examined as potential controlled delivery carrier for tamsulosin. Polymers containing 70% ricinoleic acid are liquid at body temperature and semisolid at room temperature. It was found that upon addition of the liquid polymer to water it solidifies to form a stable semisolid polymer. Tamsulosin hydrochloride (TAM), a highly selective α 1A ‐adrenoreceptor antagonist that has been used for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH), was incorporated in the polymers (2–20% w/w) and its release in buffer solution was monitored. TAM was released for over 24 days while the polymer carrier was being degraded. Hydrolysis of formulations was studied by monitoring the weight loss of the samples and the changes in the polymer molecular weight. TAM formulations stability in p(SA‐RA) 30:70 under different temperatures was evaluated. The release rate of the drug from polymer was found to be affected by drug content: the higher the content, the faster was the release. Also, hydrolysis of formulation containing tamsulosin was faster due to the hydrophility of the drug. The drug formulation was found to be stable for a period of 6 months. Moreover, after subcutaneously injection into mice, the drug‐loaded formulation becomes into gel and remains in the site of the injection. To conclude, Poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic‐acid) containing ≥ 70% ricinoleic acid are injectable biodegradable polymers and are suitable candidates for the delivery of TAM for long acting therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Seat Allocation Under Social Distancing Constraints (2021)

The Covid-19 pandemic introduces new challenges and constraints for return to work business planning. We describe a space allocation problem that incorporates social distancing constraints while optimising the number of available safe workspaces in a return to work scenario. We propose and demonstrate a graph based approach that solves the optimisation problem via modelling as a bipartite graph of disconnected components over a graph of constraints. We compare results obtained with a constrained random walk and a linear programming approach.
A qualitative skin layer formation mechanism for membranes made by dry/wet phase inversion (1993)

Abstract Optimized membranes made by a dry/wet phase inversion process using forced‐convective evaporation consist of an ultrathin and pore‐free skin layer supported by a nodular transition layer underlying open‐cell, sponge‐like substructure. It is suggested that the out‐ermost region of such case membranes undergo phase separation by spinodal decomposition in the initial stages of the evaporation process. As a result of the small scale of phase separation present in polymer‒solvent systems, an appreciable capillary pressure occurs in the interstitial space filled with the polymer‐poor phase in contact with air. The resulting force acts normal to the membrane–air interface, which tends to consolidate the polymer‐rich phase to form a nonporous surface layer. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.