gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Studies of Photoexcited Electron Dynamics in γ- and α-Fe2O3 Semiconductor Nanoparticles (1998)

The ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited electrons in the semiconductor iron oxides, γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3, have been measured using femtosecond laser spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy shows the γ-Fe2O3 particles are spherical, with 1−2 nm average diameter, and the α-Fe2O3 are spindle-shaped, with average dimensions of 1 × 5 nm. Static electronic absorption measurements of the colloids suggest that they may be in the quantum confined regime. Steady-state emission measurements show that the <400 nm direct transitions are moderately emissive, but the indirect transitions in the visible do not produce measurable emission. The ultrafast transient absorption decay profiles measured for the γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 samples synthesized in our lab as well as a commercial sample of γ-Fe2O3 are the same and are fit best with three exponentials with 0.36, 4.2, and 67 ps time constants. The decay profiles are independent of pump power, probe wavelength, and pH and were not affected by lattice doping with other metals or surface adsorbates for the cases studied. This fast overall decay, in conjunction with very weak fluorescence, suggests extremely efficient nonradiative relaxation, possibly related to the dense band structure, a high density of trap states, or simply strong coupling between trap states. The fast relaxation of photoexcited electrons in the conduction band and trap states is consistent with the low photocurrent efficiency of typical Fe2O3 electrodes.
Evaluation of Biodegradable Hydraulic Oils Using Piston Pumps (2003)

Biodegradable and mineral oils were assessed experimentally using a swash plate type axial piston pump. Six kinds of synthetic ester type biodegradable oils, three types of biodegradable vegetable oils and the mineral oil with the viscosity grade of 46 were prepared. The discharge pressure was set at 20MPa and the oil temperature was kept at 80℃. The pressure, temperature, flow rates and the torque were monitored during the continuous operation up to 300 hours. The performance of the pump was evaluated at every 100 hour and the physical and chemical properties of the oils were analyzed. In conclusion, i) The changes in viscosity of the vegetable oils were largest; followed by the synthetic biodegradable oils and the mineral oil, and ii) The increases in the viscosity, total acid number and the color were marked while the changes in the pump performance were less shown.
Supplementary Movie 6 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation (2023)

Supplementary Movie 6 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation
ALS-associated genes in SCA2 mouse spinal cord transcriptomes (2020)

The spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) gene ATXN2 has a prominent role in the pathogenesis and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition to cerebellar ataxia, motor neuron disease is often seen in SCA2, and ATXN2 CAG repeat expansions in the long normal range increase ALS risk. Also, lowering ATXN2 expression in TDP-43 ALS mice prolongs their survival. Here we investigated the ATXN2 relationship with motor neuron dysfunction in vivo by comparing spinal cord (SC) transcriptomes reported from TDP-43 and SOD1 ALS mice and ALS patients with those from SCA2 mice. SC transcriptomes were determined using an SCA2 bacterial artificial chromosome mouse model expressing polyglutamine expanded ATXN2. SCA2 cerebellar transcriptomes were also determined, and we also investigated the modification of gene expression following treatment of SCA2 mice with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) lowering ATXN2 expression. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) defined three interconnected pathways (innate immunity, fatty acid biosynthesis and cholesterol biosynthesis) in separate modules identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Other key pathways included the complement system and lysosome/phagosome pathways. Of all DEGs in SC, 12.6% were also dysregulated in the cerebellum. Treatment of mice with an ATXN2 ASO also modified innate immunity, the complement system and lysosome/phagosome pathways. This study provides new insights into the underlying molecular basis of SCA2 SC phenotypes and demonstrates annotated pathways shared with TDP-43 and SOD1 ALS mice and ALS patients. It also emphasizes the importance of ATXN2 in motor neuron degeneration and confirms ATXN2 as a therapeutic target.
Advantages of polycarboxylic over dicarboxylic anhydrides in the melt modification of PPC (2013)

We present an alternative polymer modification of poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC). A conventional practice for PPC melt processing is the melt -modification with maleic anhydride (MAH) -a di-carboxylic anhydride -. In our work, PPC is melt-modified with pyromellitic di-anhydride (PDAH) -a tetra-carboxylic dianhydride -. Using MAH modified PPC as reference, the polymer degradation and the thermal and viscoelastic properties of the materials are studied. Both anhydrides after their melt compounding have similar efficiency in the conservation of the molecular weight. Strikingly, the use of PDAH is advantageous over MAH considering the improvement of the thermal stability, the decrease of the complex melt viscosity and higher storage modulus (stiffness) of the modified PPC. It is speculated that the changes in the material performance arise from the occurrence of long chain branching and non-covalent interactions from the PDAH modifier.
Intervention Strategies to Improve Medical Regimens by Ambulatory Hemodialysis Patients (1981)

This research examined the relative efficacies of three intervention strategies designed to increase compliance to medical regimens in a group of ambulatory hemodialysis patients. The interventions examined included behavioral contracting (with or without the involvement of a family member or friend) and weekly telephone contacts with patients. Compliance was assessed with regard to following dietary restrictions and limiting fluid intake. Data were collected from 116 drawn from two outpatient clinics. Within clinics, were randomly assigned either to an intervention program or to a control group. The study employed a pretest-posttest control group design. Patients were interviewed before the intervention programs began (TO, after a 6-week intervention period (T2), and 3 months after completion of the intervention period (73). Results showed that the interventions achieved substantial reductions in patients serum potassium levels and in weight gains between dialysis treatments between T1 and T2. In general, however, these program effects tapered off to preintervention levels between T2 and T3. The findings thus indicate a need for long-term intervention programs.
Multicolumn spinal cord stimulation for predominant back pain in failed back surgery syndrome patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (2019)

Despite optimal medical management (OMM), low back pain (LBP) can be disabling, particularly after spinal surgery. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is effective in reducing neuropathic leg pain; however, evidence is limited for LBP. This prospective, open-label, parallel-group trial randomized (1:1) failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients with predominant LBP to SCS plus OMM (SCS group) or OMM alone (OMM group) at 28 sites in Europe and the Americas. If trial stimulation was successful, a multicolumn SCS system was implanted. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (before randomization) and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization. Patients could change treatment groups at 6 months. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with ≥50% reduction in LBP (responder) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included change in pain intensity, functional disability, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The results are posted at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT01697358. In the intent-to-treat analysis, there were more responders in the SCS group than in the OMM group (13.6%, 15/110 vs 4.6%, 5/108, difference 9% with 95% confidence interval 0.6%-17.5%, P = 0.036) at 6 months. The SCS group improved in all secondary outcomes compared with the OMM group. The OMM group only improved in HRQoL. In the SCS group, 17.6% (18/102) experienced SCS-related adverse events through 6 months, with 11.8% (12/102) requiring surgical reintervention. Adding multicolumn SCS to OMM improved pain relief, HRQoL, and function in a traditionally difficult-to-treat population of failed back surgery syndrome patients with predominant LBP. Improvements were sustained at 12 and 24 months.
Digital Output Data Links From Superconductor Integrated Circuits (2019)

Improving the efficiency in digital data transport, originating from 4 K superconductor integrated circuits (ICs) to standard room-temperature (300 K) electronics, both in terms of speed and power consumption, is vitally important for nearly all applications of superconductor digital electronics. The required data link must include all necessary amplification and conditioning to convert digital data from single flux quantum (SFQ) logic to standard CMOS logic levels. Therefore, one must minimize the overall power consumption for the required total data throughout by taking into account all parts of the link: (1) data transmitters or output drivers with SFQ input, (2) additional amplifiers, (3) transmission lines, and (4) data receivers at room-temperature, such as the ones available on commercial field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Here, we describe two variants of electrical data links, with and without cryogenic semiconductor amplifiers.
Effects of Acupuncture applied to Food Samli on the Rat Model of Knee Arthritic Pain (2004)

Objectives : The usage of acupuncture has gained popularity as an alternative method of treatment for certain chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in various diseases has not been fully established and the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to foot samli on the carrageenan-induced knee arthritic pain was examined. Methods : A common source of persistent pain in humans is the knee arthritis. Knee arthritis was induced by injection of 2 % carrageenan into the knee joint cavity. When rats developed pain behaviors, EA was applied for 30 min. under enflurane anesthesia with repeated train stimuli at the intensity of 10X of muscle twitch threshold. The weight bearing force of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : The average weight borne by the hind limb during normal gait was 55% of total body weight, which was reduced to less than 10% after knee arthritis. EA improved the weight bearing of the arthritic hind limb significantly for the duration of 4 hr. EA applied to point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the arthritic foot lasting for at least 4 h. However, point did not produce any significant increase of weight bearing force. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the knee arthritis model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a nearby point, . The relations between EA-induced analgesia and endogenous nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase(iNOS)/neuronal NOS was also examined. Results were turned out that both NO production and nNOS/iNOS protein expression which is increased by arthritis were suppressed by EA stimulation applied to point. Conclusions : The data suggest 1) that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the rat model of chronic knee arthritis pain in a point specific manner and 2) that EA-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of nNOS/iNOS protein expression.
Lipase immobilised on silica monoliths as continuous-flow microreactors for triglyceride transesterification (2017)

Lipase immobilised on silica monoliths has been prepared and applied as biocatalytic continuous-flow microreactors for the transesterification of tributyrin as a model bio-oil component.
Self-broadening and self-shift in the $\mathbf{3ν_{2}}$ band of ammonia from mid-infrared-frequency-comb spectroscopy (2022)

We report the broadband absorption spectrum of the $3ν_{2}$ band of $^{14}$NH$_{3}$ near 4 $μm$. The data were recorded using a mid-infrared frequency comb coupled to a homebuilt Fourier-transform spectrometer with a resolution of 0.00501 $cm^{-1}$. Line positions, line intensities, self-broadening, and self-shift parameters for six rovibrational lines were determined at room temperature ($T=296$ K). Comparison with HITRAN 2016 shows good agreement at improved precision. The high precision and the rapid tunability of our experiment enables advanced fast spectroscopy of molecular gases.
Platinum Compounds for High‐Resolution In Vivo Cancer Imaging (2014)

Platinum(II) compounds, principally cisplatin and carboplatin, are commonly used front-line cancer therapeutics. Despite their widespread use and continued interest in the development of new derivatives, including nanoformulations with improved properties, it has been difficult to visualize platinum compounds in live subjects, in real time, and with subcellular resolution. Here, we present four novel cisplatin- and carboplatin-derived fluorescent imaging compounds for quantitative intravital cancer imaging. We conjugated 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-daiza-s-indacene (BODIPY) to Pt(II) complexes to generate derivatives with robust in vivo fluorescence and retained DNA-damaging and cytotoxic properties. We successfully applied these compounds to image pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake in a xenograft cancer mouse model. By using a genetic reporter of single-cell DNA damage for in vivo imaging, Pt drug accumulation and resultant DNA damage could be monitored in individual tumor cells, at subcellular resolution, and in real time in a live animal model of cancer. These derivatives represent promising imaging tools that will be useful in understanding further the distribution and interactions of platinum within tumors.
Facile Synthesis of α-N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Boryl Ketones from N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Boranes and Alkenyl Triflates (2019)

Reactions of readily available alkenyl triflates with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-boranes in the presence of diisopropyl ethyl amine provided about three dozen stable α-NHC-boryl ketones. Isolated yields were typically 40-56% for B-unsubstituted NHC-boranes (NHC-BH<sub>3</sub>), and somewhat lower for NHC-boranes with B-substituents (NHC-BH<sub>2</sub>R). The requisite alkenyl triflates can be made separately or prepared in situ from either ketones or alkynes. The experimental evidence supports a radical chain mechanism that involves the following: (1) addition of an NHC-boryl radical to the alkenyl triflate, (2) fragmentation to give the α-NHC-boryl ketone, SO<sub>2</sub>, and trifluoromethyl radical, and (3) hydrogen abstraction by trifluoromethyl radical from the starting NHC-borane to return the NHC-boryl radical along with trifluoromethane. Reactions 1 and 3 are both new and evidently rather fast.
A Variable Gain E-Band Power Amplifier using Highly Linear Embedded Attenuator (2019)

This paper presents a variable gain 81-86 GHz power amplifiers (PA) fabricated in a 0.12 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The PA consists of five common-emitter stages with power combining at the last stage and an intersatge linear nMOS attenuator. It achieves power gain of 24.4 dB, 14 dBm output power at 1dB compression, and saturated power of 17.1 dBm when no attenuation applied and 15 dB attenuation range. Small signal characteristics of the amplifier show peak gain at 84 GHz with 3 dB bandwidth of 12.5 GHz and 3 dB gain variation from -40°C to 85°C. The PA consumes quiescent currents of 117 mA from a 1.6 V supply and 170 mA at 1 dB compression.
Envelope Vaccination Shapes Viral Envelope Evolution following Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Monkeys (2009)

The evolution of envelope mutations by replicating primate immunodeficiency viruses allows these viruses to escape from the immune pressure mediated by neutralizing antibodies. Vaccine-induced anti-envelope antibody responses may accelerate and/or alter the specificity of the antibodies, thus shaping the evolution of envelope mutations in the replicating virus. To explore this possibility, we studied the neutralizing antibody response and the envelope sequences in rhesus monkeys vaccinated with either gag-pol-nef immunogens or gag-pol-nef immunogens in combination with env and then infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Using a pseudovirion neutralization assay, we demonstrate that envelope vaccination primed for an accelerated neutralizing antibody response following virus challenge. To monitor viral envelope evolution in these two cohorts of monkeys, full-length envelopes from plasma virus isolated at weeks 37 and 62 postchallenge were sequenced by single genome amplification to identify sites of envelope mutations. We show that env vaccination was associated with a change in the pattern of envelope mutations. Prevalent mutations in sequences from gag-pol-nef vaccinees included deletions in both variable regions 1 and 4 (V1 and V4), whereas deletions in the env vaccinees occurred only in V1. These data show that env vaccination altered the focus of the antibody-mediated selection pressure on the evolution of envelope following SIV challenge.
Effect of Microstructure and Bone Mineral Density on Mechanical Properties of Cortical Bone (2021)

CT technology has been widely used in bone studies with high resolution and the ability to observe the microstructure of a material without damage to the sample. The high-resolution CT can accurately obtain the internal microstructure parameters of the cortical bone. Therefore, this technique can be used to study the influence of the microstructure parameters of cortical bone on its mechanical properties. In this study, 5 bovine specimens with the size of 19mm×3.5mm×1mm are prepared. Cortical porosity, canal diameter, canal separation, number of canal and degree of anisotropy for each sample. By the quasi-static three-point bending test with a rate of 0.1 mm/min, the loading force-displacement curve could be obtained. The following constitutive parameters: elastic modulus, tangent modulus, yield stress, effective plastic strain, yield strain and ultimate stress could be calculated. The effects of bone micro-structure and bone mineral density on the mechanical properties of bone were investigated using multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS (Statistical package of social science) software.
Scalable Planning in Multi-Agent MDPs (2021)

Multi-agent Markov Decision Processes (MMDPs) arise in a variety of applications including target tracking, control of multi-robot swarms, and multiplayer games. A key challenge in MMDPs occurs when the state and action spaces grow exponentially in the number of agents, making computation of an optimal policy computationally intractable for medium- to large-scale problems. One property that has been exploited to mitigate this complexity is transition independence, in which each agent’s transition probabilities are independent of the states and actions of other agents. Transition independence enables factorization of the MMDP and computation of local agent policies but does not hold for arbitrary MMDPs. In this paper, we propose an approximate transition dependence property, called δ-transition dependence and develop a metric for quantifying how far an MMDP deviates from transition independence. Our definition of δ-transition dependence recovers transition independence as a special case when δ is zero. We develop a polynomial time algorithm in the number of agents that achieves a provable bound on the global optimum when the reward functions are monotone increasing and submodular in the agent actions. We evaluate our approach on two case studies, namely, multi-robot control and multi-agent patrolling example.
Porous organic cage crystals: characterising the porous crystal surface (2012)

The characterisation of porous crystalline solids often relies on single crystal X-ray diffraction, which does not give direct information about the surface of the material. Here, crystals of a porous organic cage, CC3-R, are investigated by atomic force microscopy and shown to possess two distinct gas-solid interfaces, proving that the bulk crystal structure is preserved at the porous crystal surface.
Polymorphisms of the Fimbria fim3 Gene of Bordetella pertussis Strains Isolated in Canada (2004)

The fim genes which code for the fimbria protective antigens present in both the inactivated whole-cell and acellular vaccines were analyzed in 86 Canadian Bordetella pertussis isolates. At least one of the novel mutations identified was found to involve a surface epitope that has been mapped by serum antibodies from infected or vaccinated subjects.
Nonproportionality of Scintillator Detectors: Theory and Experiment. II (2011)

We report measurements of electron response of scintillators, including data on 29 halides, oxides, organics, and fluorides. We model the data based on combining the theories of: Onsager, to account for formation of excitons and excited activators; Birks, to allow for exciton-exciton annihilation; Bethe-Bloch, to relate electron stopping to its energy; and Landau, to describe how fluctuations in the linear energy deposited (dE/dx) lead to nonproportionality's contribution to resolution. In general there is satisfactory agreement with experiment, in terms of fitting the electron response data and reproducing the literature values of resolution. We find that the electron response curve shapes are more affected by the host lattice than by the activator or its concentration.
Recent advances in power integrated circuits with high level integration (2002)

This paper describes some of the latest advances in the field of power integrated circuits. The recent market forces and applications that drive the power IC technologies are identified. The power IC technologies that serve these applications are described and reasons are given why a particular technology is used for a given application.
Ataxin-2 in the hypothalamus at the crossroads between metabolism and clock genes (2022)

ATXN2 gene, encoding for ataxin-2, is located in a trait locus for obesity. Atxn2 knockout (KO) mice are obese and insulin resistant; however, the cause for this phenotype is still unknown. Moreover, several findings suggest ataxin-2 as a metabolic regulator, but the role of this protein in the hypothalamus was never studied before. The aim of this work was to understand if ataxin-2 modulation in the hypothalamus could play a role in metabolic regulation. Ataxin-2 was overexpressed/re-established in the hypothalamus of C57Bl6/Atxn2 KO mice fed either a chow or a high-fat diet (HFD). This delivery was achieved through stereotaxic injection of lentiviral vectors encoding for ataxin-2. We show, for the first time, that HFD decreases ataxin-2 levels in mouse hypothalamus and liver. Specific hypothalamic ataxin-2 overexpression prevents HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Ataxin-2 re-establishment in Atxn2 KO mice improved metabolic dysfunction without changing body weight. Furthermore, we observed altered clock gene expression in Atxn2 KO that might be causative of metabolic dysfunction. Interestingly, ataxin-2 hypothalamic re-establishment rescued these circadian alterations. Thus, ataxin-2 in the hypothalamus is a determinant for weight, insulin sensitivity and clock gene expression. Ataxin-2's potential role in the circadian clock, through the regulation of clock genes, might be a relevant mechanism to regulate metabolism. Overall, this work shows hypothalamic ataxin-2 as a new player in metabolism regulation, which might contribute to the development of new strategies for metabolic disorders.