gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membranes of Rhodospirillum rubrum: physicochemical properties of chromatophore fractions isolated from osmotically and mechanically disrupted cells (1976)

Isolation of highly purified membrane fractions from phototrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum was achieved by velocity and isopyknic sedimentation under carefully controlled ionic conditions. Bacteriochlorophyll-rich and succinic dehydrogenase-rich chromatophores that were essentially devoid of contamination by non-chromatophore protein were separated from a denser fraction in extracts disrupted in a French pressure cell. Highly purified chromatophores and a nearly photopigment-free envelope fraction were also obtained from cells lysed by treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetate-lysozyme-Brij 58. After lysis with lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetraacetate alone, about 50% of the total photosynthetic pigment was released in chromatophores similar to those isolated by the above procedures. Chromatophores prepared by each method were found to have very similar near-infrared absorption spectra, overall chemical composition, equilibrium buoyant densities in CsCl, and protein patterns in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles of the dense, outer membrane-rich fractions were different from those of the chromatophores. The release of much of the photosynthetic apparatus as discrete chromatophores is osmotically lysed extracts necessitates a reevaluation of the concept that isolated chromatophores arise only from mechanical comminution of a larger membrane structure.
Desalination systems for the treatment of hypersaline produced water from unconventional oil and gas processes (2015)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Fault Diagnosis for Electrical Systems and Power Networks: A Review (2020)

In this paper, we review the state of the art in the detection, location, and diagnosis of faults in electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS) including in the electric power grid and vehicles and machines. Most electrical test methods rely on measurements of either currents and voltages or on high frequency reflections from impedance discontinuities. Of these high frequency test methods, we review phasor, travelling wave and reflectometry methods. The reflectometry methods summarized include time domain reflectometry (TDR), sequence time domain reflectometry (STDR), spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR), orthogonal multi-tone reflectometry (OMTDR), noise domain reflectometry (NDR), chaos time domain reflectometry (CTDR), binary time domain reflectometry (BTDR), frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), multicarrier reflectometry (MCR), and time-frequency domain reflectometry (TFDR). All of these reflectometry methods result in complex data sets (reflectometry signatures) that are the result of reflections in the time/frequency/spatial domains. Automated analysis techniques are needed to detect, locate, and diagnose the fault including genetic algorithm (GA), neural networks (NN), particle swarm optimization, teaching-learning-based optimization, backtracking search optimization, inverse scattering, and iterative approaches. We summarize several of these methods including electromagnetic time-reversal (TR) and the matched-pulse (MP) approach. We also discuss the issue of soft faults (small impedance changes) and methods to augment their signatures, and the challenges of branched networks. We also suggest directions for future research and development.
Perceptual impact of burthy versus isolated packet losses in H.264 compressed video (2008)

When video packets are lost in congested networks, one loss pattern creates a different visual impact than another. We conduct a subjective experiment with H.264 videos and conclude that isolated losses are better than bursty losses in terms of perceptual video quality. A network-implementable video quality model is developed for a router to drop packets so as to achieve good visual quality.
Small lead sulfide (PbS) clusters prepared via ROMP block copolymer technology (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall lead sulfide (PbS) clusters prepared via ROMP block copolymer technologyV. Sankaran, C. C. Cummins, R. R. Schrock, R. E. Cohen, and R. J. SilbeyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 19, 6858–6859Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00175a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Design and Implementation of a One-Sided Communication Interface for the IBM eServer Blue Gene (2006)

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a one-sided communication interface for the IBM Blue Gene/L supercomputer. This interface facilitates ARMCI and the Global Arrays toolkit and can be used by other one-sided communication libraries. New protocols, interrupt driven communication, and compute node kernel enhancements were required to enable these libraries. Three possible methods for enabling ARMCI on the Blue Gene/L software stack are discussed. A detailed look into the development process shows how the implementation of the one-sided communication interface was completed. This was accomplished on a compressed time scale with the collaboration of various organizations within IBM and open source communities. In addition to enabling the one-sided libraries, bandwidth enhancements were made for communication along a diagonal on the Blue Gene/L torus network. The maximum bandwidth improved by a factor of three. This work will enable a variety of one-sided applications to run on Blue Gene/L
Protection against Intestinal Amebiasis by a Recombinant Vaccine Is Transferable by T Cells and Mediated by Gamma Interferon (2009)

We have previously shown that vaccination with purified Entamoeba histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin or recombinant subunits can protect mice from intestinal amebiasis upon intracecal challenge. In this study, we demonstrated with adoptive-transfer experiments that this lectin vaccine protection is mediated by T cells but not serum. The cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was characterized by significant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17 production. To move toward a human vaccine, we switched to a recombinant protein and tested a range of adjuvants and routes appropriate for humans. We found that subcutaneous delivery of LecA with IDRI's adjuvant system EM014 elicited a potent Th1-type CMI profile and provided significant protection, as measured by culture negativity (79% efficacy); intranasal immunization with cholera toxin provided 56% efficacy; and alum induced a Th2-type response that protected 62 to 68% of mice. Several antibody and CMI cytokine responses were examined for correlates of protection, and prechallenge IFN-gamma(+) or IFN-gamma-, IL-2-, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-triple-positive CD4 cells in blood were statistically associated with protection. To test the role of IFN-gamma in LecA-mediated protection, we neutralized IFN-gamma in LecA-immunized mice and found that it abrogated the protection conferred by vaccination. These data demonstrate that CMI is sufficient for vaccine protection from intestinal amebiasis and reveal an important role for IFN-gamma, even in the setting of alum.
Activation of dura-sensitive trigeminal neurons and increased c-Fos protein induced by morphine withdrawal in the rostral ventromedial medulla (2016)

Aims Overuse of medications used to treat migraine headache can increase the frequency of headaches. Sudden abstinence from migraine medication can also lead to a period of withdrawal-induced headaches. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of morphine withdrawal localized to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) on the activity of dura-sensitive spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) neurons. Methods Rats were implanted with either morphine or placebo pellets for six to seven days before the microinjection of naloxone methiodide or phosphate-buffered saline into the RVM in urethane-anesthetized animals. Dura-sensitive neurons were recorded in the Vc and the production of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity was quantified. Results In chronic morphine-treated animals, naloxone methiodide microinjections produced a significant increase both in ongoing and facial heat-evoked activity and an increase in Fos-positive neurons in the Vc and in the nucleus reticularis dorsalis, a brainstem region involved in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls. Conclusions These results indicate that activation of pronociceptive neurons in the RVM under conditions of morphine withdrawal can increase the activity of neurons that transmit headache pain. Modulation of the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis by the RVM may explain the attenuation of conditioned pain modulation in patients with chronic headache.
Sex-associated difference in estrogen receptor β expression in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric cancers in rats. (2011)

Epidemiologic studies indicate that the incidence of gastric cancer is higher in males than in females. Although the mechanisms mediating this difference are unclear, a role for estrogens has been proposed. We used Western blotting to evaluate the role of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ERα and ERβ and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats; ERα and ERβ mRNA levels also were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. The incidence of gastric cancer was significantly higher in male than female rats. In both sexes, ERα expression was similar in MNNG-treated cancerous and noncancerous tissues and normal gastric tissue. However, ERβ expression in MNNG-treated cancerous and noncancerous tissues was significantly lower in male rats and higher in female rats than that in normal gastric tissue; MNNG-induced cancerous tissue showed the highest ERβ expression. PCNA expression in MNNG-treated cancerous tissues was higher than that in noncancerous tissues, and was higher in male rats than female rats. Western blotting results were consistent with the mRNA changes determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The present study provides evidence of a sex-associated difference in ERβ and PCNA expression in MNNG-induced gastric cancers in Wistar rats.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds Using Combinations of Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis, Dehydration, Oxidation, and Tautomerization. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visual just noticeable differences (2018)

A visual just noticeable difference (VJND) is the amount of change in either an image (e.g. a photographic print) or in vision (e.g. due to a change in refractive power of a vision correction device or visually coupled optical system) that is just noticeable when compared with the prior state. Numerous theoretical and clinical studies have been performed to determine the amount of change in various visual inputs (power, spherical aberration, astigmatism, etc.) that result in a just noticeable visual change. Each of these approaches, in defining a VJND, relies on the comparison of two visual stimuli. The first stimulus is the nominal or baseline state and the second is the perturbed state that results in a VJND. Using this commonality, we converted each result to the change in the area of the modulation transfer function (AMTF) to provide a more fundamental understanding of what results in a VJND. We performed an analysis of the wavefront criteria from basic optics, the image quality metrics, and clinical studies testing various visual inputs, showing that fractional changes in AMTF resulting in one VJND range from 0.025 to 0.075. In addition, cycloplegia appears to desensitize the human visual system so that a much larger change in the retinal image is required to give a VJND. This finding may be of great import for clinical vision tests. Finally, we present applications of the VJND model for the determination of threshold ocular aberrations and manufacturing tolerances of visually coupled optical systems.
Impaired Facilitatory Mechanisms of Auditory Attention After Damage of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (2014)

There is growing evidence that auditory selective attention operates via distinct facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms enabling selective enhancement and suppression of sound processing, respectively. The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) plays a crucial role in the top-down control of selective attention. However, whether the LPFC controls facilitatory, inhibitory, or both attentional mechanisms is unclear. Facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms were assessed, in patients with LPFC damage, by comparing event-related potentials (ERPs) to attended and ignored sounds with ERPs to these same sounds when attention was equally distributed to all sounds. In control subjects, we observed 2 late frontally distributed ERP components: a transient facilitatory component occurring from 150 to 250 ms after sound onset; and an inhibitory component onsetting at 250 ms. Only the facilitatory component was affected in patients with LPFC damage: this component was absent when attending to sounds delivered in the ear contralateral to the lesion, with the most prominent decreases observed over the damaged brain regions. These findings have 2 important implications: (i) they provide evidence for functionally distinct facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms supporting late auditory selective attention; (ii) they show that the LPFC is involved in the control of the facilitatory mechanisms of auditory attention.
Bisoprolol in chronic heart failure (2000)

The evidence for the use of beta-blockers in heart failure is substantial. Latest recommendations and guidelines suggest that most heart failure patients should be on a drug regimen of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, diuretic and a beta-blocker. However, despite the evidence from trials, the majority of patient are not yet treated appropriately, with only 5% receiving a beta-blocker.
Frustrated β-Chloride Elimination. Selective Arene Alkylation by α-Chloronorbornene Catalyzed by Electrophilic Metallocenium Ion Pairs (2004)

Single-site polymerization catalysts generated in situ via activation of Cp*MMe(3) (Cp* = C(5)Me(5); M = Ti, Zr), (CGC)MMe(2) (CGC = C(5)Me(4)SiMe(2)NBu(t)(); M = Ti, Zr), and Cp(2)ZrMe(2) with Ph(3)C(+)B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-) catalyze alkylation of aromatic molecules (benzene, toluene) with alpha-chloronorbornene at room temperature, to regioselectively afford the 1:1 addition products exo-1-chloro-2-arylnorbornane (aryl = C(6)H(5) (1a), C(6)H(4)CH(3) (1b)) in good yields. Analogous deuterium-labeled products exo-1-chloro-2-aryl-d(n)-norbornane-7-d(1) (aryl-d(n) = C(6)D(5) (1a-d(6)), C(6)D(4)CD(3) (1b-d(8))) are obtained via catalytic arylation of alpha-chloronorbornene in either benzene-d(6) or toluene-d(8). Isolated ion-pair complexes such as (CGC)ZrMe(toluene)(+)B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-) and Cp(2)ThMe(+)B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-) also catalyze the reaction of alpha-chloronorbornene in toluene-d(8) to give 1b-d(8) in good yields, respectively. Small quantities of the corresponding bis(1-chloronorbornyl)aromatics 2 are also obtained from preparative-scale reactions. These reactions exhibit turnover frequencies exceeding 120 h(-1) (for the Cp*TiMe(3)/Ph(3)C(+)B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-)-catalyzed system), and chlorine-free products are not observed. Compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by (1)H, (2)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR, GC-MS, and elemental analysis. The aryl group exo-stereochemistry in 1a and 1b is established using (1)H-(1)H COSY, (1)H-(13)C HMBC, and (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR, and is further corroborated by X-ray analysis of the product 1,4-bis(exo-1-chloro-2-norbornyl)benzene (2a). Control experiments and reactivity studies on each component step suggest a mechanism involving participitation of the metal electrophiles in the catalytic cycle.
Gene expression of nociceptors in the esophagus of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux (GER)-associated chronic cough (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Activation of afferent nerves in the esophagus is assumedly a major mechanisms of cough associated with GER, which may lead to sensitization of cough reflex. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 is one of the nociceptors activated by acid, whose expression is increased in the airways of chronic cough patients (Groneberg 2004) and in the esophagus of GER patients (Guarino 2010). The expression of nociceptors in the esophagus of patients with GER-associated cough is unknown. <b>Method:</b> We prospectively recruited untreated GER patients with (n=32, C+) and without (n=5, C-) cough. Esophageal endoscopy was performed to determine the presence and severity of reflux esophagitis (RE), and to obtain biopsy specimens, which were examined for TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1 and P2X3 mRNA expressions by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. <b>Result:</b> Age, sex distribution, smoking history, prevalence/severity of RE, and GER symptom scores did not differ between the C+ and C- groups. The expressions of TRPV1 and TRPV4 were significantly and markedly increased in the C+ group than in the C- group (p&lt;0.0001 and p=0.0002, respectively), but those of TRPA1 and P2X3 were similar in the two groups. The expression of all these receptors was unrelated to the presence/severity of RE or GER symptom scores. <b>Conclusions:</b> Cough in GER patients is associated with the increased expression of TRPV1 and TRPV4 in the esophagus but not with RE or reflux symptoms. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and precise roles of the increased nociceptors.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Quaternary Centers via the Michael Reaction. Electronic Compensation for Steric Congestion. (1987)

Abstract The lithium enolates (I) undergo Michael addition to the acceptors (II), producing the adducts (III).
An Intelligent Agent-based Self-evolving Maintenance and Operations Reasoning System (2006)

Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) autonomic logistics seeks to reduce development, production, and ownership costs for the next generation fighter aircraft by increasing system reliability, while reducing maintenance requirements to essential levels. Prognostics and health management (PHM), which enables maintenance to be planned on the basis of actual component or system health state, represents a key component within the autonomic logistics system architecture. The challenge is to develop advanced technology to integrate PHM information from a variety of different sources into a dynamically evolving knowledge base. Prototype software described herein and referred to as the self evolving maintenance and operations reasoning system (SEMOR), utilizes intelligent software agents in JADE, both model and case-based reasoners and reinforcement learning modules. The fundamental approach enables PHM reasoning to be effective in the absence of field experience through the model-based reasoning module as well as realize the benefits of case based reasoning as a PHM knowledge base grows. A reinforcement learning (RL) module is employed to evolve a maintenance integrated model (MIM), a database containing PHM and maintenance relationships and attributes. Intelligent software agents are used in their true capacity to negotiate decisions regarding database adaptation, maintenance, and logistics actions prior to human review. This paper presents the software system design, describes key technical components, provides a demonstration scenario and concludes with remarks on the technical challenges and future developments
Synthesis and absolute configuration of lactone II isolated from Streptomyces sp. Go 40/10 (2001)

All four possible stereoisomers of lactone II isolated from Streptomyces sp. Go 40/10, an autoregulator, have been efficiently synthesized in a stereoselective manner starting from (S)-malic acid and sorbic acid, and the absolute configuration was determined to be 2S, 3S, 9R, 10S.
Integrating 3D Channel Model and Grid of Beams for 5G mMIMO System Level Simulations (2016)

Massive MIMO (mMIMO) antenna array and Grid of Beams (GoB) are one of the key components for 5G to achieve high spectral efficiency and coverage. System level simulations are necessary to optimally intergrate the components of 5G system. Simulations with mMIMO antenna array involve handling large matrices, which results in increased simulation time typically upto several days depending on the size of the antenna array. However, GoB are fixed wideband beams and the receiver sees only the effective channel which is a combination of the channel and the GoB. Therefore, for system level simulations it is sufficient to general only the effective channel. In this paper, we propose a simulation model to directly generate the effective channel based on the 3GPP 3D channel model. It is shown that for the simulation of urban macro cells scenario specified in TR 38.913, the computational effort can be reduced by a factor of 1000. Furthermore, simulations show that very high SINR and user throughput values are achievable through GoB.
Towards a More Accurate Carrier Sensing Model for CSMA Wireless Networks (2010)

In the majority of studies on CSMA wireless networks, a contention graph is used to model the carrier sensing relationships among links. This is a 0-1 model in which two links can either sense each other completely or not. In real experiments, we observed that this is generally not the case: the carrier sensing relationship between the links are often probabilistic and can vary dynamically over time. This is the case even if the distance between the links is fixed and there is no drastic change in the environment. Furthermore, this ``partial carrier sensing'' relationship is prevalent and occurs over a wide range of distances between the links. This observation is not consistent with the 0-1 contention graph and implies that many results and conclusions drawn from previous theoretical studies need to be re-examined. This paper establishes a more accurate carrier sensing model with the objective of laying down a foundation for future theoretical studies that reflect reality. Towards that end, we set up detailed experiments to investigate the partial carrier sensing phenomenon. We discuss the implications and the use of our partial carrier sensing model in network analysis.