gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary and systemic blood flow contributions to upper airways in canine lung (1988)

The blood flow contributions and drainage patterns of the pulmonary and systemic circulations in the upper airways (trachea and main bronchi) were assessed in anesthetized dogs by injecting 15-micron radiolabeled microspheres into the right and left heart, respectively. After the animals were killed, the tracheal cartilage, tracheal muscle-mucosa, and main bronchi were excised. The tracheal cartilage and tracheal muscle-mucosa were divided into lower, middle, and upper segments for blood flow determinations. The pulmonary contribution to tracheal blood flow was very small, averaging only 0.6 +/- 0.3 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (means +/- SE), being higher in the lower segments. The systemic contribution to these same tracheal regions was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher, averaging 20.9 +/- 5.5 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (means +/- SE) and higher in the upper segments. The pulmonary and systemic circulations each contributed approximately 50% to the main bronchi blood flow, which averaged 11.2 +/- 4.2 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (means +/- SE). The pulmonary blood flow contribution alone to the trachea and main bronchi was also determined in subsequent experiments that utilized the isolated lung, and these blood flows were not significantly different from the pulmonary contribution measured in the intact lungs. The present results indicate that the systemic (bronchial) circulation is the primary source of tracheal blood flow and that both the pulmonary and systemic circulations may contribute approximately 50% of the blood flow to the main bronchi in dog lungs.
Antireflection and opaque coating film materials for Ta/SiC x-ray masks (1997)

An opaque film coating and an anti-reflection (AR) film coating of x-ray masks are essential in order to get a higher alignment accuracy in optical heterodyne alignment systems. Not only the optical characteristics of the films, but also the stress and the durability in cleaning processes are important issues for the films. We investigated various materials from the viewpoints of the refractive index-matching with SiC, stress controllability and stability to a strong acid, an we have developed a material suitable for use with a Ta/SiC x-ray mask. We found that a sputtered Zr and Si compound oxide film fulfills the requirements of the AR film. We also found that a sputtered Ta film can be used as the opaque film, and we enhanced the diffraction efficiency of a mask mark by coating the AR film before coating the Ta opaque film on the mask mark.
A Bromide Paper Camera for Organ Imaging Systems (1978)

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Chronic low back pain is a disease with tremendous financial\nand social implications, and it is often caused by intervertebral disc degeneration. Regenerative\ntherapies for disc repair are promising treatments, but they need to be tested in physiological\nmodels.\nPURPOSE: To develop a physiological in vitro explant model that incorporates the native environment\nof the intervertebral disc, for example, hypoxia, low glucose, and high tissue osmolarity.\nSTUDY DESIGN: Bovine nucleus pulposus (NP) explants were cultured for 42 days in conditions\nmimicking the native physiological environment. Two different approaches were used to balance\nthe swelling pressure of the NP: raised medium osmolarity or an artificial annulus.\nMETHODS: Bovine NP explants were either cultured in media with osmolarity balanced at isotonic\nand hypertonic levels compared with the native tissue or cultured inside a fiber jacket used as\nan artificial annulus. Oxygen and glucose levels were set at either standard (21% O2 and 4.5 g/L\nglucose) or physiological (5% O2 and 1 g/L glucose) levels. Samples were analyzed at Day 0, 3,\nand 42 for tissue composition (water, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, DNA, and hydroxyproline contents\nand fixed charge density), tissue histology, cell viability, and cellular behavior with messenger\nRNA (mRNA) expression.\nRESULTS: Both the hypertonic culture and the artificial annulus approach maintained the tissue\nmatrix composition for 42 days. At Day 3, mRNA expressions of aggrecan, collagen Type I, and\ncollagen Type II in both hypertonic and artificial annulus cultures were not different from Day\n0; however, at Day 42, the artificial annulus preserved the mRNA expression closer to Day 0. Gene\nexpressions of matrix metalloprotease 13, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease 1, and tissue\ninhibitor of matrix metalloprotease 2 were downregulated under physiological O2 and glucose\nlevels, whereas the other parameters analyzed were not affected.\nCONCLUSIONS: Although the hypertonic culture and the artificial annulus approach are both\npromising models to test regenerative therapies, the artificial annulus was better able to maintain\na cellular behavior closer to the native tissue in longer term cultures. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All\nrights reserved.
A Psychophysical Study Exploring Judder Using Fundamental Signals and Complex Imagery (2014)

There are well-known observations of movie content being displayed at different frame rates. While the terms are not consistent across the industry, there are four main degradations of the signal as compared to non-sampled motion (i.e., real-world motion). These are: 1. Non-smooth motion 2. False multiple edges, 3. Flickering, and 4. Motion blur. In natural imagery, all four of these effects are generally visible at typical movie frame rates. The spatiotemporal window of visibility [1] has proved successful in describing when motion looks distorted from the real-world smooth motion. However, that model only predicts detection performance, and doesn't address the appearance or magnitude of motion distortions. In addition, there are also well-known image capture and display parameters involved with frame rate questions, such as exposure duty cycle (angle), object speed, and object contrast. There are also known interactions with brightness and contrast, which are also generally linked in the end-to-end system. For example, the Ferry-Porter law of psychophysics indicates the temporal frequency bandwidth of vision increases with increasing adapting luminance. We aimed to isolate the non-smooth motion component of judder in a psychophysical study by using fundamental test signals, such as the Gabor signal. Two interval forced choice methodology was used to generate interval scales of the magnitude of judder, or judderness. Results are presented for the viewer assessment of the magnitude of judder, or judderness, as a function of these key parameters tested in isolation.
New assays for monitoring haemophilia treatment (2008)

Precise measurements of factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) activity are believed to be essential for clinical management in haemophilia, although discrepancies between factor levels and clinical severity have been recognized. Clot wave form analysis has demonstrated that different wave form patterns may be evident in severe haemophilia A patients with levels of FVIII activity <1 IU dL(-1), and this might explain, in part, the phenotypic heterogeneity seen in these patients. In addition, the relatively new technique of computer-assisted thrombelastography (TEG), in which coagulation is initiated by tissue factor, has revealed a considerable degree of variability in different patients in the presence FVIII levels, which are sufficient to normalize TEG parameters. In contrast, a global thrombin generation test (TGT) has been proposed as a sensitive and reliable method for assessing overall clotting function in haemophilia patients. Several studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between TGT and FVIII/FIX levels, and these measurements also appear to correlate with the clinical phenotype. The TGT may be very useful, therefore, for evaluating overall haemostasis in different clinical situations, although substantial inter-assay and inter-individual variations have been reported. Both the TEG and TGT have been found to be particularly helpful for monitoring haemostatic therapy with bypassing agents or conventional FVIII or FIX concentrates in patients with inhibitors. These global tests enable the selection of appropriate therapeutic agents in individual circumstances and offer the opportunity to tailor the most effective haemostatic treatment even during severe bleeding or major surgery.
A real time video data adjusting method for active matrix organic light emitting diode displays with high image quality (2009)

A real time video data adjusting method for television applications of active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays with high image quality is proposed. The proposed method senses electrical characteristics of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film transistors (TFTs) and organic light emitting diode (OLED) of pixels and compensates nonuniform luminance due to the electrical characteristic variations of TFTs and the degradation of OLEDs by adjusting video data. The sensing and compensation operations are performed while the image is displayed on the screen. Experimental results show that the luminance error is improved from 92.1% to 0.8% when the proposed adjusting method is used. The proposed method is demonstrated on 14.1-inch AMOLED display panel.
Elevated Levels of Anti‐CD9 Antibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (2002)

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slowly progressive and highly lethal disease of the central nervous system. Although the primary cause of SSPE is believed to be persistent infection of neuron and glial cells by a measles virus, the precise mechanism of the progression of this disease has not yet been elucidated. CD9, a member of the tetraspanin family, is expressed in myelin and other nervous tissues. This study detected significant amounts of anti-CD9 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of all patients with SSPE included in the study. Anti-CD9 antibodies were also detected in the CSF of some patients with other neurologic disorders, but those patients had lower levels of anti-CD9 antibodies than did the patients with SSPE. The level of anti-CD9 antibodies was elevated and reached a peak that coincided with the appearance of brain atrophy. These findings shed light on a new aspect of the causes and progression of SSPE.
Parametric Study of Neural Gastric Electrical Stimulation in Acute Canine Models (2007)

Manipulation of gastric motility by gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been suggested as a minimally invasive alternative treatment of gastric motility disorders and obesity. However, only neural GES (NGES) has been successful in invoking gastric contractions. Nevertheless, the relationship between these contractions and the controlling NGES parameters has not been quantified. We aimed at determining the relationship between the electrical energy delivered to the tissue as a function of NGES parameters, and the strength and duration of the resulting invoked gastric contractions. Five healthy mongrel dogs underwent subserosal prepyloric implantation of two NGES electrode pairs. Gastric motility was captured by a force transducer implanted in the vicinity of the distal pair of stimulating electrodes. Custom-designed implantable stimulator delivered NGES with 8-16 V (peak-to-peak) amplitudes, and 60-100% duty cycles. Normalized motility index (MI) was utilized to quantify the contractions recorded from the force transducer. The MI increased with increasing voltage amplitudes. However, it remained remarkably constant across all duty cycles when voltage was held constant. Calculated motility generation efficiency indices (MGEI) indicated that highest energy efficiency for invoked motility was achieved at the lowest duty cycle. The parametric data obtained in the present study can be utilized to optimize the power efficiency of implantable gastric neurostimulators.
A Heuristically Assisted Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Network Slice Placement (2021)

Network Slice placement with the problem of allocation of resources from a virtualized substrate network is an optimization problem which can be formulated as a multi-objective Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem. However, to cope with the complexity of such a continuous task and seeking for optimality and automation, the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques appear as a promising approach. We introduce a hybrid placement solution based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and a dedicated optimization heuristic based on the “Power of Two Choices” principle. The DRL algorithm uses the so-called Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic (A3C) algorithm for fast learning, and Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) to automate feature extraction from the physical substrate network. The proposed Heuristically-Assisted DRL (HA-DRL) allows for the acceleration of the learning process and substantial gain in resource usage when compared against other state-of-the-art approaches, as evidenced by evaluation results.
Genetic Testing for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2015)

Age-related macular degeneration is a very common condition that is caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. It is likely that, in the future, genetic testing will allow physicians to achieve better clinical outcomes by administering specific treatments to patients based on their genotypes. However, improved outcomes for genotyped patients have not yet been demonstrated in a prospective clinical trial, and as a result, the costs and risks of routine genetic testing currently outweigh the benefits for patients with age-related macular degeneration.
Fatigue Behavior of Resistance Spot Welded Steel Sheets Fabricated Using Electrodes with Different Tip Diameters (2023)

Tensile shear test specimens were fabricated by a resistance spot welding (RSW) procedure using electrodes with two different tip diameters. The tip diameter was changed to adjust the corona bond length with keeping the nugget sizes the same. Furthermore, the nugget sizes were changed by controlling the welding process parameters, resulting in the nugget sizes of 3√t, 4√t and 4.7√t, where t was the sheet thickness. Microstructural analyses revealed that the corona bond length increased with increasing tip diameter at a given nugget size. Subsequently, tensile shear static and fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the effects of corona bond lengths and nugget sizes on the mechanical properties of the welds. The tip diameter had little effect on the tensile strength of the welds, while the strength increased with increasing nugget size and the strength level of steel sheet. However, the effects of the tip diameters, nugget sizes and strength levels of steel sheets on the fatigue strengths were hardly seen. That was because the fatigue crack propagation life was dominant in the total fatigue life of the welds. Under fatigue loading condition, fatigue crack tended to grow along the corona bond, which could be attributed to the lower bonding strength along the corona bond in the high strength steel. However, the fatigue crack propagation life along the corona bond was negligible in comparison with the total fatigue life.
CELL CYCLE ANALYSIS FROM COMPUTER SYNTHESIS OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID HISTOGRAMS (1974)

A method is presented for the computer synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) histograms, based on estimates of cell distribution around a life cycle, DNA synthesis rate and instrumentally introduced dispersion. Synthetic histograms are compared with experimental DNA histograms for two cell systems; in one, the cell population is in asynchronous exponential growth (steady state), in the other, the cell population is recovering from a block at the G 1 /S phase interface (nonsteady state). The average phase transit times and the associated dispersions are determined, using a DNA histogram synthesis technique, for the nonsteady state population.
The Human Interleukin‐2 Receptor: Analysis of Structure and Function (1986)

Considerable information presently exists regarding the molecular, biochemical, and biological features of the human IL-2 receptor. The IL-2 receptor protein, multiple receptor mRNAs, and a single structural gene have now been identified. The important role of this receptor in normal T-cell growth is well established and its potential participation in B-cell growth and differentiation appreciated. The availability of cloned gene products for both the IL-2 receptor and IL-2 may permit the future development of novel biological agents capable of either augmenting or blunting the T-cell immune response. The intriguing interrelationship of HTLV-I and -II infection and altered IL-2 receptor expression is now being unraveled. However, the structural difference in high and low affinity receptors as well as the mechanism by which signals for T-cell growth are propagated through the high affinity receptor remain dominant, unanswered questions in the field.
High frequency of central nervous system involvement in transformed Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2022)

Histologicaltransformation (HT) to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare event in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and is associated with a poor prognosis.1-4 It confers an inferior outcome compared with WM patients without HT.2,3 Most transformed WM patients present with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and extranodal disease.1 Among extranodal sites, the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most frequently involved sites identified at diagnosis of transformed WM (ranging from 13% to 18%).1,3 However, the prognostic value of CNS involvement is unknown, and the rate of CNS involvement at relapse has not been previously reported in this setting.
Low-power data transfer and storage exploration for H.263 video decoder system (1998)

We describe a power exploration methodology for data-dominated applications using a H.263 video decoding demonstrator application. The starting point for our exploration is a C specification of the video decoder, available in the public domain from Telenor Research. We have transformed the data-transfer scheme in the specification, and have optimized the distributed memory organization. This results in a memory architecture with significantly reduced power consumption. For the worst case mode using predicted (P) frames, memory power consumption is reduced by a factor of 7 when compared to the reference design. For the worst case mode using predicted and bi-directional (PB) frames, memory power consumption is reduced by a factor of 9. To achieve these results, we make use of our formalized high-level memory management methodology, partly supported in our ATOMIUM environment.
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–CoA synthase intermediate complex observed in “real-time” (2004)

The formation of carbon-carbon bonds via an acyl-enzyme intermediate plays a central role in fatty acid, polyketide, and isoprenoid biosynthesis. Uniquely among condensing enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA synthase (HMGS) catalyzes the formation of a carbon-carbon bond by activating the methyl group of an acetylated cysteine. This reaction is essential in Gram-positive bacteria, and represents the first committed step in human cholesterol biosynthesis. Reaction kinetics, isotope exchange, and mass spectroscopy suggest surprisingly that HMGS is able to catalyze the "backwards" reaction in solution, where HMG-CoA is cleaved to form acetoacetyl-CoA (AcAc-CoA) and acetate. Here, we trap a complex of acetylated HMGS from Staphylococcus aureus and bound acetoacetyl-CoA by cryo-cooling enzyme crystals at three different times during the course of its back-reaction with its physiological product (HMG-CoA). This nonphysiological "backwards" reaction is used to understand the details of the physiological reaction with regards to individual residues involved in catalysis and substrate/product binding. The structures suggest that an active-site glutamic acid (Glu-79) acts as a general base both in the condensation between acetoacetyl-CoA and the acetylated enzyme, and the hydrolytic release of HMG-CoA from the enzyme. The ability to trap this enzyme-intermediate complex may suggest a role for protein dynamics and the interplay between protomers during the normal course of catalysis.
Lektion 7: Werkzeuge mit Kreisringspalt (2017)

No AccessTechnologie der ExtrusionDec 2017Lektion 7: Werkzeuge mit KreisringspaltHelmut Greif, Andreas Limper, Gordon FattmannHelmut Greif, Andreas Limper, Gordon Fattmannhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446436947.007SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: 77-93Print ISBN: 978-3-446-43693-0eISBN: 978-3-446-43694-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Induction of clinical and colonoscopic remission of mild–to–moderate ulcerative colitis with budesonide MMX 9 mg: pooled analysis of two phase 3 studies (2015)

This pooled analysis showed that budesonide MMX 9 mg is efficacious, safe and well tolerated for inducing remission of mild-to-moderate UC.
Tissue‐engineered cartilage of porcine and human origin as in vitro test system in arthritis research (2010)

The increasing prevalence of cartilage destruction during arthritis has entailed an intensified amount for in vitro cartilage models to analyze pathophysiological processes and to screen for antirheumatic drugs. Tissue engineering offers the opportunity to establish highly organized 3D cell cultures facilitating the formation of in vitro models that reflect the human situation. We report the comparison of porcine chondrocyte pellet and alginate bead cultures as model systems for human cartilage and the further development into a human system that was applied in an arthritis model. In porcine pellet and alginate cultures, formation of cartilage matrix similar to human matrix was verified by histology and PCR. As alginate beads could be cultivated batch-wise in one well of a multiwell plate, we further developed this setting into a human system. In contrast, each pellet had to be cultivated individually in one well of a multiwell plate, which is time consuming. Following stimulation of human chondrocyte alginate cultures with conditioned media from human synovial fibroblasts derived from arthritis patients, microarray analysis verified the induction of genes related to cartilage destruction (like MMP10, -12) and inflammation (like IL6, -8 and chemokines). Several genes are coding for proteins that are members of inflammatory and catabolic pathways. Belonging to the most affected pathways, we identified the focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor signalling, Jak-STAT signalling, and toll-like receptor signalling pathways, all relevant in arthritis. Therefore, we demonstrate that engineered cartilage of porcine and human origin represents a powerful in vitro model for cartilage in vivo.
Inspection 13.2-nm table-top full-field microscope (2009)

We present results on a table-top microscope that uses an EUV stepper geometry to capture full-field images with a halfpitch spatial resolution of 55 nm. This microscope uses a 13.2 nm wavelength table-top laser for illumination and acquires images of reflective masks with exposures of 20 seconds. These experiments open the path to the realization of high resolution table-top imaging systems for actinic defect characterization.
A Modulated Helical Nanofilament Phase (2013)

Eine neue flüssigkristalline Phase, bezeichnet als moduliertes helikales Nanofilament (HNF(mod)), wird aus einer einfachen Klasse von Biphenylcarboxylaten gebildet, denen die für HNF-Mesogene typischen Benzylidenanilin-Einheiten fehlen. Die HNF(mod)-Phase ist ein neuartiges Beispiel eines Nanopartikels mit gestapelten aromatischen Ringen mit Anwendungspotenzial in der organischen Elektronik.