gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compatible-Solute-Supported Periplasmic Expression of Functional Recombinant Proteins under Stress Conditions (2000)

The standard method of producing recombinant proteins such as immunotoxins (rITs) in large quantities is to transform gram-negative bacteria and subsequently recover the desired protein from inclusion bodies by intensive de- and renaturing procedures. The major disadvantage of this technique is the low yield of active protein. Here we report the development of a novel strategy for the expression of functional rIT directed to the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. rITs were recovered by freeze-thawing of pellets from shaking cultures of bacteria grown under osmotic stress (4% NaCl plus 0.5 M sorbitol) in the presence of compatible solutes. Compatible solutes, such as glycine betaine and hydroxyectoine, are low-molecular-weight osmolytes that occur naturally in halophilic bacteria and are known to protect proteins at high salt concentrations. Adding 10 mM glycine betaine for the cultivation of E. coli under osmotic stress not only allowed the bacteria to grow under these otherwise inhibitory conditions but also produced a periplasmic microenvironment for the generation of high concentrations of correctly folded rITs. Protein purified by combinations of metal ion affinity and size exclusion chromatography was substantially stabilized in the presence of 1 M hydroxyecotine after several rounds of freeze-thawing, even at very low protein concentrations. The binding properties and cytotoxic potency of the rITs were confirmed by competitive experiments. This novel compatible-solute-guided expression and purification strategy might also be applicable for high-yield periplasmic production of recombinant proteins in different expression systems.
Barium iodide and strontium iodide crystals andd scintillators implementing the same (2023)

In one embodiment, a material comprises a crystal comprising strontium iodide providing at least 50,000 photons per MeV. A scintillator radiation detector according to another embodiment includes a scintillator optic comprising europium-doped strontium iodide providing at least 50,000 photons per MeV. A scintillator radiation detector in yet another embodiment includes a scintillator optic comprising SrI.sub.2 and BaI.sub.2, wherein a ratio of SrI.sub.2 to BaI.sub.2 is in a range of between 0:1 A method for manufacturing a crystal suitable for use in a scintillator includes mixing strontium iodide-containing crystals with a source of Eu.sup.2+, heating the mixture above a melting point of the strontium iodide-containing crystals, and cooling the heated mixture near the seed crystal for growing a crystal. Additional materials, systems, and methods are presented.
Metallic Contact Formation for Molecular Electronics:  Interactions between Vapor-Deposited Metals and Self-Assembled Monolayers of Conjugated Mono- and Dithiols (2004)

We present grazing-incidence Fourier transform infrared and AFM data of Au, Al, and Ti vapor-deposited onto self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of conjugated mono- and dithiols. SAMs of 4,4'''-dimercapto-p-quaterphenyl, 4,4"-dimercapto-p-terphenyl, and 4,4'-dimercapto-p-biphenyl have reactive thiols at the SAM/vacuum interface that interact with vapor-deposited Au or Al atoms, preventing metal penetration. Conjugated monothiols lack such metal blocking groups, and metals (Au, Al) can penetrate into their SAMs. Vapor deposition of Ti onto conjugated mono- and dithiol SAMs and onto hexadecanethiol SAMs destroys the monolayers.
Message from the general chair (2016)

I am delighted to welcome you to the 2016 International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS). On its 16th birthday, ISPASS has grown old enough to travel “abroad” for the first time and this 17th ISPASS edition is being held in Uppsala, Sweden.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodepsipeptides: From Natural Product to Anthelmintically Active Synthetic Enniatins (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Co-Design of a High Performance 12-Bit 8GHz DDR4 Switch on a Laminate-Based CSP (Chip Scale Packaging) Technology (2016)

Multiplexer/switch ICs are key components of NVDIMM architecture that serve to isolate the host controller from the DRAM memory system. Signal integrity performance of the IC can drastically be impacted by package parasitics. In this paper we detailed a system co-design methodology that was employed to design a cost-effective DDR4 switch packaged in a laminate-based chip-scale packaging (CSP), without compromising electrical performance. The co-design simulation methodology is validated through correlation to laboratory measurements on TI's TS3DDR4000TM -- a high performance 12-bit 8GHz DDR4 switch.
Lipid Composition of the Cell Membrane Outer Leaflet Regulates Endocytosis of Nanomaterials through Alterations in Scavenger Receptor Activity (2022)

Understanding the principles that guide the uptake of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) by cells is of interest in biomedical and occupational health research. While evidence has started to accumulate on the role of membrane proteins in ENM uptake, the role of membrane lipid chemistry in regulating ENM endocytosis has remained largely unexplored. Here, we have addressed this issue by altering the plasma membrane lipid composition directly in live cells using a methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange method. Our observations, in an alveolar epithelial cell line and using silica nanoparticles, reveal that the lipid composition of the plasma membrane outer leaflet plays a significant role in ENM endocytosis and the intracellular fate of ENMs, by affecting nonspecific ENM diffusion into the cell, changing membrane fluidity, and altering the activity of scavenger receptors (SRs) involved in active endocytosis. These results have implications for understanding ENM uptake in different subsets of cells, depending on cell membrane lipid composition.
Effect of composition on clustering in Er-doped fiber lasers (1994)

11Erbium Doped Fiber Laser (EDFL) experimental slope efficiencies are used in conjunction with a paired ion model to estimate the percentage of paired ions in a fiber as a function of the erbium concentration. These percentages are compiled with other published results to derive a dependence of percentage of pairs on the aluminum co-dopant concentration. A mole ion concentration ratio of 20 aluminum to 1 erbium is found to greatly reduce pairing. Higher ratios are found to have minimal added benefit.
A concise asymmetric synthesis of (–)-anatoxin-a using an enantioselective enolisation strategy (1995)

The unnatural enantiomer of anatoxin-a is prepared in enantiomerically pure form by a concise route involving enantioselective enolisation of a tropinone derivative by a chiral lithium amide base as the key step.
Superresolution optical nanopatterning at low light intensities using a quantum yield-matched photochrome (2019)

Absorbance-modulation-optical lithography (AMOL) uses the opposing reactions between two isomeric states (absorbing and transparent) of a photochrome to confine light to sub-diffraction limited dimensions. The extent of light confinement is controlled by the ratio of the intensities of the confining and the exposing beams. Traditionally, high intensity in the confining beam is required due to the low quantum yield of the corresponding photo-reaction. Here, we report AMOL using low-light intensities, enabled by a novel photochrome with well-matched quantum yields. We provide rigorous simulations and experiments to demonstrate ∼ λ/4.5 feature-sizes at approximately 1/4th the light intensities required in conventional AMOL.
Textural differences between AA and SS blood specimens as detected by image analysis (1994)

High-resolution image analysis was employed in the analysis of round (discoid) erythrocytes from hematologically normal (AA) individuals, AA individuals with nonspecific anemia, individuals with sickle cell trait (AS), individuals with SC disease (SC), and individuals with sickle cell anemia (SS). The shape feature Form Factor (4 pi Area/Perimeter2) was used to select round cells and to exclude sickle and other abnormal cells. Textural features extracted from round cells of SS and SC patients were found to differ from those derived from cells of normal andanemic AA individuals. Two textural features, Standard Deviation of Run Length Matrix Counts and Rotation Moment of the Cooccurrence Matrix, discriminated between patients mean values from AA samples and those from SS samples. The ability of textural features to separate round cells into classes based on genotype suggests that high resolution image analysis may be an effective tool in the study and monitoring of sickle cell disease.
Early research experience with OpenAccess gear (2005)

Physical design EDA research in academia has historically been based on infrastructure developed independently by individual contributors. This has led to fragmentation in the community, where interaction, data interchange and comparison of results between tools are difficult. We discuss our early experience with the OpenAccess Gear system, an open source software initiative intended to provide pieces of the critical integration and analysis infrastructure that are taken for granted in proprietary tools, but often wholly absent in research tools. Built on top of the widely available OpenAccess database, OA Gear provides components such as industrial-strength static timing analysis and extensible layout and netlist visualization. We discuss preliminary results from two on-going research efforts that have adopted OA Gear as their infrastructure: retrofitting the University of Michigan Capo placer into this environment, and the addition of a timing-driven capability to the Carnegie Mellon Warp placer.
Preoperative Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Exercise-induced Changes in Pulse Oximetry Predict Early Postoperative Respiratory Complications in Lung Cancer Patients (2014)

For lung cancer patients with forced expiratory volume in 1 s <60% of predicted, in addition to common preoperative tests, V'O<sub>2max</sub>% and ΔSPO<sub>2</sub>% may be an aid for predicting early-onset postoperative respiratory complications.
Differential effects of a steroidal antiestrogen, EM-139, on prostaglandin and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production in the circular and longitudinal layers of bovine myometrium (1995)

The regulation of prostaglandin (PG) production and cAMP generation was studied in vitro in cultured smooth muscle cells isolated specifically from the circular or longitudinal layers of the bovine myometrium. We found that prostacyclin (PGI2) was the principal PG produced by the myometrium, especially in the longitudinal layer, followed closely by PGE2 and marginally by PGF2 alpha. The PG production (fg/ml, mean +/- SD) in the circular and longitudinal layers was, respectively, PGE2 (424.4 +/- 162.0) > PGI2 (189.5 +/- 19.0) > PGF2 alpha (9.5 +/- 3.0) versus PGI2 (751 +/- 36) > PGE2 (515.7 +/- 94.0) > PGF2 alpha (16.3 +/- 3.0); production was stimulated up to 15-fold 24 h after addition of phorbol 12-myristate (PMA; 100 nM). Hormonal control of PG production was assessed by use of a steroidal antiestrogen, EM-139. PG production was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by EM-139 in both circular and longitudinal layers, with maximal inhibition at 1 microM. In parallel studies, chronic treatment with EM-139 resulted in significant increases in isoproterenol-induced cAMP production in both muscle layers, but more especially in the circular layer. This antiestrogenic effect was reversed by addition of 17 beta-estradiol. These results indicate that the two smooth muscle layers of the bovine myometrium have distinct patterns of PG production and that the adenylate cyclase/cAMP response of the circular layer is more sensitive to estrogen modulation. Our findings with a cell culture model of separated myometrial layers provide strategic information for a better understanding of the regulation of uterine contractility during pregnancy.
Sources of variation in analgesic responses in cancer patients with chronic pain receiving morphine (1983)

Our objective was to identify and quantify sources of variation in the relief of chronic pain with morphine. Relief scores were extracted from records obtained during controlled trials of analgesics in cancer patients with chronic pain in which intramuscular morphine was the assay standard. Relief data from 715 patients after 565 8-mg and 538 16-mg doses were segregated according to age, race, sex, pre-drug pain intensity, character and site. Middle-aged patients obtained relief after 8 mg comparable to relief obtained by younger patients after 16 mg; oldest patients obtained relief after 8 mg comparable to relief obtained by middle-aged patients after 16 mg. Blacks receiving 8 mg obtained relief comparable to whites receiving 16 mg. Sex-related differences were not significant. Patients with moderate, as compared to severe, pre-drug pain obtained significantly greater relief only after 16 mg. Patients reporting dull pain obtained relief after 8 mg comparable to relief obtained with sharp pain after 16 mg. Patients with abdominal pain obtained relief after 8 mg comparable to relief of pain in the chest or arms after 16 mg. These results provide dose-related evidence of variation in relief with morphine in chronic cancer pain and establish particular patient and pain characteristics as variables for which controls should be provided in analgesic assays.
Coupling of Lamb Waves and Spin Waves in Multiferroic Heterostructures (2020)

In this work, we investigate magneto-acoustic attenuation in thin film multiferroic Lamb wave delay lines. By leveraging magneto-acoustic interactions, multiferroics have potential to realize passive chip-scale alternatives to bulky ferrite devices. For the first time, magnetic field dependence of magneto-acoustic interactions in multiferroic Lamb wave devices is characterized. Multiferroic heterostructures of aluminum nitride and cobalt iron boron are fabricated into Lamb wave delay lines operating at 7.492 GHz to study the effect of strain nonuniformity on the multiferroic coupling. The attenuation of the Lamb waves is characterized as a function of the magnitude and angle of an applied in-plane bias magnetic field. It is found that the bias magnitude for peak attenuation is a strong function of angle, indicating that it is due to coupling between the Lamb waves and spin wave modes. This is in contrast with current models of attenuation in multiferroic SAW delay lines, where the uniform surface strains couple to ferromagnetic resonance, which has no angular dependence on the in-plane bias field magnitude. These results are the first steps towards passive chip-scale alternatives to ferrite devices utilizing Lamb wave devices, which have better coupling and scalability than their SAW counterparts.
Exploiting error-correcting codes for cache minimum supply voltage reduction while maintaining coverage for radiation-induced soft errors (2014)

Models for cache yield and coverage for radiation-induced soft errors quantify the trade-off between the minimum supply voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> ) and the soft-error protection when applying error-correcting codes (ECC) to a cache. Model predictions of the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> benefit and soft-error coverage agree closely with silicon measurements from a 7Mb data cache in a 20nm test chip when considering either single-error correction, double-error detection (SECDED) or double-error correction, triple-error detection (DECTED) codes. Silicon measurements demonstrate a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> reduction of 19% and 27% from SECDED and DECTED, respectively, as compared to a cache without ECC. Moreover, silicon measurements highlight a salient insight in that only 0.12% of the cache words contain an error when operating at the cache V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> with SECDED. Thus, SECDED simultaneously enables a 19% lower V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> and 99.88% coverage for radiation-induced soft errors. Model projections indicate larger benefits in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> and soft-error protection as future cache sizes increase.
Phosphofructokinase in human blood cells (1979)

The subunit composition of phosphofructokinase from normal and malignant blood cells has been investigated by means of immunologic, electrophoretic, and chromatographic methods. Immunoprecipitation tests were performed with three specific antisera recognizing each of the basic subunits of human phosphofructokinase: muscle, M-type; liver, L-type; and fibroblast, F-type. Mature polymorphonuclear cells contain mainly L-subunits, while lymphocytes and platelets contain hybrids formed of L and F subunits; these hybrids can be electrophoretically separated. Red cell phosphofructokinase is composed of L and M subunits, as judged by its reactivity with anti-L and anti-M-type antisera. The various M-L hybrids composing red cell phosphofructokinase could be only separated by chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose. Lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoblasts from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia contain phosphofructokinase forms similar to those from normal lymphocytes, while the immature granulocytic cells (leukemic myeloblasts and myeloid cells of chronic myeloid leukemia) are characterized by a reinforcement of enzyme inhibition by anti-F-type antiserum. Lymphoid lines in culture (Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced or malignant lymphoma-derived lines) are characterized by the indistinctive expression of all three basic subunits, similar to that found in some fetal tissues. This article represents the first description of the isozymic nature of phosphofructokinase in platelets and white blood cells and of its changes with malignancy and cell culture. This enzyme might represent a useful marker in the characterization of the leukemic cells.
Localization of Multiple Targets with Identical Radar Signatures in\n Multipath Environments with Correlated Blocking (2017)

This paper addresses the problem of localizing an unknown number of targets,\nall having the same radar signature, by a distributed MIMO radar consisting of\nsingle antenna transmitters and receivers that cannot determine directions of\ndeparture and arrival. Furthermore, we consider the presence of multipath\npropagation, and the possible (correlated) blocking of the direct paths (going\nfrom the transmitter and reflecting off a target to the receiver). In its most\ngeneral form, this problem can be cast as a Bayesian estimation problem where\nevery multipath component is accounted for. However, when the environment map\nis unknown, this problem is ill-posed and hence, a tractable approximation is\nderived where only direct paths are accounted for. In particular, we take into\naccount the correlated blocking by scatterers in the environment which appears\nas a prior term in the Bayesian estimation framework. A sub-optimal\npolynomial-time algorithm to solve the Bayesian multi-target localization\nproblem with correlated blocking is proposed and its performance is evaluated\nusing simulations. We found that when correlated blocking is severe, assuming\nthe blocking events to be independent and having constant probability (as was\ndone in previous papers) resulted in poor detection performance, with false\nalarms more likely to occur than detections.\n
Stereoscopic Universal Perturbations across Different Architectures and Datasets (2021)

We study the effect of adversarial perturbations of images on deep stereo matching networks for the disparity estimation task. We present a method to craft a single set of perturbations that, when added to any stereo image pair in a dataset, can fool a stereo network to significantly alter the perceived scene geometry. Our perturbation images are "universal" in that they not only corrupt estimates of the network on the dataset they are optimized for, but also generalize to different architectures trained on different datasets. We evaluate our approach on multiple benchmark datasets where our perturbations can increase the D1-error (akin to fooling rate) of state-of-the-art stereo networks from 1% to as much as 87%. We investigate the effect of perturbations on the estimated scene geometry and identify object classes that are most vulnerable. Our analysis on the activations of registered points between left and right images led us to find architectural components that can increase robustness against adversaries. By simply designing networks with such components, one can reduce the effect of adversaries by up to 60.5%, which rivals the robustness of networks fine-tuned with costly adversarial data augmentation. Our design principle also improves their robustness against common image corruptions by an average of 70%.
Ulnar Lengthening and Radial Recession Procedures for Kienböck’s Disease (1996)

Twenty patients with Kienböck's disease who had undergone a joint levelling procedure, were reviewed at a mean of 11 years following surgery. Clinical and radiological evaluation revealed good long-term results with all patients complaining of less pain than before surgery and with statistically significant increases in range of motion and grip strength. Radiologically a significant number of patients were found still to have lunate fractures and fragmentation. In addition, 13 patients have developed new bone formation in the lunate fossa, and 12 show osteoarthritic changes, particularly at the radioscaphoid interface. Radial shortening was felt to be superior to ulnar lengthening in that there were fewer problems with bone union.
Serotonin Levels in Platelet-Poor Plasma and Whole Blood from Healthy Subjects: Relationship with Lipid Markers and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score (2011)

Significant positive correlations between the serotonin PPP/WB ratio and FRS suggest that the PPP/WB ratio can serve as a biomarker for estimating atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk.
Ultrafast and Highly Localized Microwave Heating in Carbon Nanotube Multilayer Thin Films (2017)

Carbon nanotubes have emerged as highly effective materials for microwave absorbing applications due to their high electrical conductivity, large aspect ratio, and high temperature stability against oxidation and corrosion. Ultrathin films are fabricated through layer‐by‐layer deposition of carbon nanotubes and poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) from aqueous suspensions under ambient conditions. The number of immersion cycles controls the assembled thickness of these coatings, which provides an effective means of precisely tailoring their electrical properties and thermal response to microwaves. Films of thickness below 200 nm are capable of heating to high temperatures when irradiated with low microwave power, reaching over 130 °C in 30 s, at less than 10 W forward power, and rapidly cooling when the power is removed. In contrast to metal thin films, the multilayer carbon nanotube films are active microwave absorbers over a wide range of thickness, making them interesting for applications such as electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave welding.