gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement Of The Neutron Spectrum Of A DD Electronic Neutron Generator (2011)

A Cuttler‐Shalev (C‐S) 3He proportional counter has been used to measure the energy spectrum of neutrons from a portable deuterium‐deuterium electronic neutron generator. To improve the analysis of results from the C‐S detector digital pulse shape analysis techniques have been used to eliminate neutron recoil artifacts in the recorded data. Data was collected using a 8‐GHz, 10‐bit waveform digitizer with its full scale corresponding to approximately 6‐MeV neutrons. The measurements were made with the detector axis perpendicular to the direction of ions in the ENG in a plane 0.5‐m to the side of the ENG, measuring neutrons emitted at an angle from 87.3° to 92.7° with respect to the path of ions in the ENG. The system demonstrated an energy resolution of approximately 0.040 MeV for the thermal peak and approximately 0.13 MeV at the DD neutron energy. In order to achieve the ultimate resolution capable with this type of detector it is clear that a higher‐precision digitizer will be needed.
P1B-3 Noninvasive Bleeding Detection and Localization Using Three Dimensional Doppler Ultrasound (2007)

Blood loss from extremity wounds is the number one cause of preventable battlefield death today. In civilian casualties, exsanguinations due to internal bleeding are the most significant cause of death in trauma victims. The goal of DARPA's deep bleeder acoustic coagulation (DBAC) program is to stop bleeding quickly enough to prevent the transition from nonprogressive shock to progressive shock, which occurs when the soldier loses 25% of the blood volume. Coagulative therapies such as HIFU and electrocautery can be used to quickly stop internal bleeding to prevent onset of progressive and irreversible hemorrhagic shock, which ultimately leads to death. However, the onset of bleeding must be detected and the site spatially localized in order to treat these trauma wounds effectively. Towards meeting the final goal of the DBAC program, we have performed preliminary studies on in vitro tissue mimicking phantoms to identify unique Doppler based signatures that are indicative of bleeding. In this study, we present the results and validation of a 3D Doppler ultrasound technique to detect and localize the bleeding site by tracking the change in resistance index (RI) at the bleed origin. Significant RI change was obtained at the intersection of the primary vessel (feeding the bleeder) and the bleeding site (jet). Pulsatile flow with near zero diastolic flow was present in the primary vessel and the non-bleeding branches. Within the bleeding jet, continued or elevated forward flow was present during diastole resulting in reduction of RI. The estimated bleed location showed excellent agreement with independent ground truth estimates. The results illustrate potential for the applicability of the technique in battlefield trauma and civilian emergency care applications.
Destabilizing Agents (2008)

Numerous peptides bind to tubulin and inhibit the function of microtubules. The molecular classes discussed in this chapter are dolastatins, cryptophycins, hemiasterlins, phomopsin, ustiloxins, diazonamides, tubulysins, and vitilevuamide. These natural product agents bind to tubulin at a site that is similar but distinct compared with vinblastine and depolymerize microtubules. Many of these agents are potent inhibitors of cell division that have been tested in clinical trials as antitumor agents. These agents are excellent research tools to understand the molecular basis of tubulin function. Further exploration is needed to define their optimal utility in the clinic.
Slow Delivery of the Selective Cholecystokinin Agonist pBC 264 into the Rat Nucleus Accumbens Using Microspheres (1996)

Neuropeptides have been shown to play a critical role in adaptational processes, probably by long-term modulation of neuronal pathways. It could therefore be interesting to study behavioral changes induced by chronic local stimulation of neuropeptide receptors. With this aim poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres loaded with a highly potent, peptidase-resistant, cholecystokinin (CCK)-B-selective CCK peptidomimetic agonist (pBC 264) were prepared by a water in oil in water emulsion solvent evaporation method and stereotaxically implanted into the anterior part of the rat nucleus accumbens. Two different kinds of loaded polymeric microspheres differing only by the stabilizing agent [ovalbumin (OVA) or Pluronic F 68] added to the inner emulsion were used. The histological and behavioral studies done 24 h and 8 days after implantation of nonloaded microspheres in the nucleus accumbens indicated that the microspheres were well tolerated. The in vivo release of the selective CCK-B agonist pBC 264 (associated with a tracer dose of [3H]pBC 264) from microspheres prepared with OVA was very fast (92% after 6 h), whereas only 26% (88 pmol) of pBC 264 was released from the formulation with Pluronic F 68 after 24 h. Eight days after implantation 36% of pBC 264 had diffused from the microspheres, and 8% (approximately 30 pmol) was still present in the brain concentrated around the site of administration. In all cases the released material was found to correspond to intact pBC 264, thus demonstrating the possibility of obtaining a slow controlled release of peptide in vivo. This method opens up interesting perspectives to study the long-term effects of neuropeptides.
Chemistry at the Core of Biomedical Innovation (2014)

The success of the pharmaceutical enterprise during the last century in extending life expectancy and improving the quality of human health with novel therapies is unparalleled and has set the benchmark for future innovation. While scientific, business and regulatory challenges have limited the productivity of the industry during the past several years, key learnings are providing new paths to future discoveries that will reverse these trends and yield novel medicines that address unmet patient needs. Organizations that will contribute to this future will be distinguished by their ability to engage complex diseases with diverse strategies that are enabled by a talent base capable of solving difficult challenges at the interface of multiple scientific disciplines. One dominant theme is that the unique skill set of chemists will place them at the center of catalyzing biomedical discovery. However, this will require adaptation that challenges chemists to transcend mastery of their core disciplines in order to deliver on the growing demands of breakthrough innovation. Key to this future will also be unique models for collaboration that bring together diverse scientific expertise and capabilities from around the globe in a coordinated and focused effort. In this lecture, a perspective on the future of drug discovery and the opportunities for the scientific leadership of chemists will be shared.
Performance of Predictive Indoor mmWave Networks With Dynamic Blockers (2021)

In this paper, we consider millimeter Wave (mmWave) technology to provide reliable wireless network service within factories where links may experience rapid and temporary fluctuations of the received signal power due to dynamic blockers, such as humans and robots, moving in the environment. We propose a novel beam recovery procedure that leverages Machine Learning (ML) tools to predict the starting and finishing of blockage events. This erases the delay introduced by current 5G New Radio (5G-NR) procedures when switching to an alternative serving base station and beam, and then re-establish the primary connection after the blocker has moved away. Firstly, we generate synthetic data using a detailed system-level simulator that integrates the most recent 3GPP 3D Indoor channel models and the geometric blockage Model-B. Then, we use the generated data to train offline a set of beam-specific Deep Neural Network (DNN) models that provide predictions about the beams’ blockage states. Finally, we deploy the DNN models online into the system-level simulator to evaluate the benefits of the proposed solution. Our prediction-based beam recovery procedure guarantees higher signal level stability and up to 82% data rate improvement with respect a detection-based method when blockers move at speed of 2 m/s.
Comparison of Optical and Electrical Properties of Different Hole-Transporting Materials for Solution-Processable Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2019)

Achieving well-defined multilayer structure is a key to improve device performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), especially in solution-processed OLEDs. Use of cross-linkable hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is therefore gaining much attention to achieve such multilayer structures. One of representative solution-processable HTM is TFB, poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)diphenylamine)], but it does not have any cross-linkable units in its chemical structures. In this work, we performed basic physical characterization of a new cross-linkable HTM, HL-X026, and we also investigated its OLED characteristics. Actual solvent resistance by varying the thermal curing temperatures was measured. The thermally cross-linkable HL-X026 showed better device performances than simple TFB with higher luminance and efficiencies.
Improved Fidelity for Resting-State Connectivity Measurements in High-Spatial-Resolution ME-fMRI on a Compact 3T Scanner (2023)

Through echo-combination, multi-echo echo-planar-imaging (ME-EPI) has shown improved performance for fMRI over single-echo (SE)-EPI. The high-performance gradients on a compact 3T scanner enable whole-brain high-spatial-resolution ME-EPI with reasonable echo times and comparable TR to SE-EPI. To evaluate the fidelity of the ME-EPI sequence in resting state fMRI and compare with that of SE-EPI sequence, seed-based and ICA-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses were applied to evaluate scan-time-dependency and accuracy improvement. ME-EPI extracted more and stronger FCs in seed-based connectivity analysis and produced higher sensitivity and accuracy in ICA-based method, compared to SE-EPI.
Power conversion challenges with a multidisciplinary focus (2003)

Power electronics is a key enabling technology in modern power conversion. However, there are rather substantial challenges which limit its more widespread acceptance. The challenges covered in this paper relate to fundamental design paradigms that could be changed via a true multidisciplinary focus. Amongst such major challenges are (1) the need for solid geometric concurrent design methods, (2) the need for enhanced dynamic range consistent with applications, (3) the need for sustained operation in physical limits without shutdown, and (4) the need for integrated sensing methodologies. For each of these challenges, the paper identifies and discusses the salient issues and relates them to promising new multidisciplinary technologies in power electronic systems.
Novel all-optical switching mechanisms in media with quadratic nonlinearity (2000)

A study is carried out to demonstrate that even a weak nonlinear coupling into additional waves can substantially change the system's behavior. A generic analytical approach toward multiple wave mixing in quadratic media is developed and novel mechanisms of all-optical modulation are identified.
ACTH Induces Differential Changes in Steroidal Hormone Secretion in the Wall of Bovine Antral and Cystic Follicles. (2009)

Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the most common causes of reproductive failure in cattle, and the mechanisms that lead to the development of follicular cysts have been the object of speculation and research for many years, but they are still little understood. It is believed that COD has a multifactorial etiology, and has been reported that follicular cysts are caused by an endocrine imbalance in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis, with possible participation of stress as an important factor incorporating to the adrenal gland in this axis. We have previously demonstrated a participation of sympathetic nervous system in the effect of stress in ovarian cyst formation but we cannot discard a simultaneous participation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) as has been demonstrated to be an important stress response factor. In this work we tested if ACTH can also affect follicular components altering the normal steroid secretion directly, as a mechanism that could be present in follicular cyst. To test this hypothesis, fragments of ovarian follicular wall of large antral and spontaneous cystic follicles were cultured in serum free medium for a 20min, after which tissues were placed in medium with ACTH (1x10-9M, 1x10-8M and 1x10-7M). Previously, the levels of steroid (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and cortisol) in follicular fluid were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. After three hours of incubation, the culture medium was separated and the steroid hormones were analyzed and compared with basals levels without ACTH stimulation. In all cases, basal levels of steroids secretion were detected. In the analysis of culture medium of large antral follicles steroid levels, a significantly dose-dependent increase in testosterone was observed. Also, in cystic follicles, higher values of cortisol, testosterone and estradiol were observed in response to ACTH stimulation. A differential response of cysts in relation to large antral follicles was observed in the secretion of cortisol and estradiol. Our results indicate that ACTH may affect the steroid secretion in bovine ovarian follicles and that follicular cysts have a differential response, unlike that of healthy follicles. These findings support the notion that stress affects the ovarian function and that ACTH could be one of the factors that participate in the etiology of COD in bovines. (Supported by APCyT grants PICT-2007-01193 BID 1728 OC/AR). (poster)
Microfluidics for detection of exosomes and microRNAs in cancer: State of the art (2022)

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes ranging from 30-150 nanometers that contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA derived from the cells of origin. Exosomes can be taken up by target cells, acting as a means of cell-to-cell communication. The discovery of these vesicles in body fluids and their participation in cell communication has led to major breakthroughs in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of several conditions (e.g., cancer). However, conventional isolation and evaluation of exosomes and their microRNA content suffers from high cost, lengthy processes, difficult standardization, low purity, and poor yield. The emergence of microfluidics devices with increased efficiency in sieving, trapping, and immunological separation of small volumes could provide improved detection and monitoring of exosomes involved in cancer. Microfluidics techniques hold promise for advances in development of diagnostic and prognostic devices. This review covers ongoing research on microfluidics devices for detection of microRNAs and exosomes as biomarkers and their translation to point-of-care and clinical applications.
Anticancer effects of KI-10F: A novel compound affecting apoptosis, angiogenesis and cell growth in colon cancer (2012)

The anticancer effect of a new pyrazole derivative, KI-10F (2-(4-(2-(4-(dimethylamino) phenyl)pyridin-4-yl)-5-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol‑1-yl) acetonitrile)•3.5HCl) was evaluated in human colon cancer cells. KI-10F strongly suppressed the growth of human colon cancer cells and induced apoptosis by increasing the proportion of sub-G1 presenting apoptotic cells as well as causing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Apoptosis by KI-10F was confirmed by observation of an increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and Bax, and the decrease of Bcl-2. Decreased expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, and the inhibition of HUVEC tube formation and migration showed that KI-10F effectively inhibited the angiogenesis process. Furthermore, in vivo study in a mouse xenograft model showed that KI-10F produced a stronger antitumor activity than 5-FU, a conventional anticancer drug prescribed for the treatment of colon cancer. The effects of KI-10F on tumor proliferation (PCNA), angiogenesis (CD34) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using isolated tumor tissue samples. Taken together, our results demonstrated that KI-10F induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. We suggest that KI-10F is an effective chemotherapeutic candidate for use against colon cancer.
Scale functions of Lévy processes and busy periods of finite-capacity M/GI/1 queues (2004)

In this paper we use the exit time theory for Lévy processes to derive new closed-form results for the busy period distribution of finite-capacity fluid M/G/1 queues. Based on this result, we then obtain the busy period distribution for finite-capacity queues with on–off inputs when the off times are exponentially distributed.
Orbital‐controlled reactions catalysed by zeolites: Electrophilic alkylation of aromatics (1994)

Abstract The role of orbital control in product selectivity during electrophilic aromatic alkylation catalysed by zeolites was studied both theoretically and experimentally. In order to discuss this, the alkylation of toluene and m ‐xylene by methanol was carried out on a series of large‐pore zeolites (HY). The changes in the para to ortho ratio observed on changing the framework Si/Al ratio of the zeolites were related to ab initio molecular orbital calculations of the LUMO energy of structurally alike model clusters but containing different tetrahedral cations around the active site. The observed correlation is discussed in terms of the HSAB principle by taking into account the influence of the catalyst composition on the reactivity of the electrophilic reagent.
Chemical Foundations for the Understanding of Natural Macrocyclic Complexes (1971)

Studies on template effects, condensation reactions, oxidative dehydrogenations, catalytic hydrogenations and ligand deprotonations have made it possible to synthesize almost any tetradentate macrocyclic ligand one might choose. The principle of multiple juxtapositional fixedness is explained and applied to metal binding in enzymes. The inflexibility of the metal ion site in the porphyrin ring is contrasted to those in synthetic macrocycles. TAAB, a related tetraazaannulene, can vary its inner site while other rings fold when the metal ion is too large. Many model compounds for high-spin, five-coordinate deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin are presented. The FeIII-O-FeIII bridge is extremely hard to break when iron is bound to a tetraazaannulene (TAAB). Iron is a better catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of its own ligand than is nickel.
Synthesis and in Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Bisbenzofuran Cations (2007)

Forty three cationic bisbenzofurans were synthesized either by interaction of o-hydroxyaldehydes with alpha-halogenated ketones followed by intramolecular ring closure or by a copper- or palladium-mediated heteroannulation of substituted o-iodophenols with terminal acetylenes. In vitro antiprotozoal activities of compounds 1-43 against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Plasmodium falciparum, and Leishmania donovani and cytotoxicity against mammalian cells were influenced by the position and the type of cationic substituents as well as the length of the carbon linker between aromatic moieties. One bisamidine displayed an antitrypanosomal efficacy comparable to that of pentamidine and melarsoprol. Twenty two compounds were more potent than pentamidine and seven dications were more effective than artemisinin against P. falciparum. Eight bisbenzofurans displayed activity against L. donovani superior to that of pentamidine. Overall, bisamidines connected by two-carbon linkers exhibited the highest efficacies against T. b. rhodesiense, P. falciparum, and L. donovani.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoisomerization of Trifluoromethylated Thiophenes. (1983)

Abstract Die Photoisomerisierung des Thiophens (Ia) ergibt neben (II) die beiden Dewar‐Thiophene (III) und (IV), die beim Abfangen mit Furan (V) nur ein Addukt (VI) bilden.
Unprecedented Behavior of 2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-Terpyridine:  Dinuclear Platinum(II) Derivatives with a New N,C∧C,N Bridging Ligand (2001)

We report the synthesis and characterization of some dinuclear organoplatinum(II) species where 2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine (terpy) behaves as a 2-fold-deprotonated N,C∧C,N ligand bridging two [Pt(CH3)(L)] units (L = neutral ligand). Each platinum atom is further bonded to a nitrogen of a terminal pyridine and to a 3‘ or 5‘ carbon atom of the inner pyridine ring. As far as we know, these are the first examples of cyclometalated terpy as well as of a 3,5-dimetalated pyridine ring. The X-ray structure of one of these species (L = CO) shows it to be an organoplatinum polymer.
High temperature conductivity behavior of doped SrTiO3 thin films (2001)

Abstract In order to investigate the dominant charge transport mechanisms of doped SrTiO3 thin films, high temperature measurements were performed under varying oxygen partial pressures. To meet specific demands of SrTiO3 thin films, a common 4-point measuring setup was improved profoundly by full triaxial shielding and the use of a solid state oxygen pump (made of YSZ). This allowed a precise analysis in the temperature range from 700°C to 1000°C and at oxygen partial pressures (pO2) between 10−20 bar and 1 bar. The conduction behavior of (doped) SrTiO3 thin films, as a function of pO2, revealed characteristics that substantially differ from those of bulk ceramics and cannot be explained by point defect chemistry. Additionally, segregation effects have been observed which lead to a restructuring of the film's morphology to a significant extent.
Acoustic and Intraluminal Ultrasonic Technologies in the Diagnosis of Diseases in Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review (2013)

Gastrointestinal (GI) auscultation (listening to sounds from stomach and bowel) has been applied for abdominal physical assessment for many years. This article evaluates the technique involved in listening to both bowel and stomach sounds and the significance of both normal and abnormal GI auscultation findings. Moreover, intraluminal ultrasonic techniques have been widely used for gastrointestinal disease diagnosis by providing intraluminal images since 1980s, this article also reviews the existing intraluminal ultrasonic technology for diagnosing of GI disorders.
Modern carbon fibres from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐polyheteroaromatics with preferred orientation (1990)

Abstract This contribution presents the mechanical data of high performance carbon fibres currently available on the market, based on experimental studies on stabilization and pyrolysis of PAN (SAF) from Courtaulds. The effects of stabilization and carbonization temperatures on the properties as well as on the ultra‐ and crystalline structures of the fibres are shown in more detail.