gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clay Stabilizers Performance in a Comprehensive Matrix of Bentonite and Silica Flour (2018)

Abstract A systematic study of various temporary and permanent clay stabilizers was conducted with assorted binary blends of bentonite and silica flour. A specific stabilizer's performance is directly correlated to the type and loading of the inhibitor and particular ratio of existing inorganic substrate. Results exhibited high performance correlation; response surface general topography is dependent upon the temporary or permanent characteristics of the stabilizer. Studies comprised combined mixture, single numeric, optimal, design of experiment and performance test data gathering utilizing a low-pressure fluid loss cell. A predetermined concentration of unadulterated sodium bentonite and 325-mesh silica flour were blended into water at a specific RPM and duration in the presence of a particular stabilizer then placed into a the cell, sealed, and pressure was applied. Increased Darcy leak off slope values are reliable, accurate indicators of increased stabilizer performance thus each slope was calculated and plotted versus stabilizer dosage and inorganic substrate ratio. KCl was studied from 0 to 8 weight percent and used as a comparative guide for all stabilizers tested with the balance tested in their "as is" state from 0.0 to 2.0 gallons per thousand gallons. Temporary stabilizers typically provided a consistent topography with respect to performance, with a 20/80 bentonite/ silica flour ratio yielding the highest performance. Bimodal maximum performance inorganic ratios were present for permanent stabilizers tested. KCl dosage offset lab results correlate well with reported field application results. At higher stabilizer loadings superior performance relative to KCl was evident. Traditionally clay stabilizer selection is based upon Capillary Suction Time and Roller Oven testing methods. This alternate bentonite and silica flour comprehensive matrix clay stabilizer selection method is consistent, continuous, portable, field friendly and applicable over a wide range of stabilizer and variable inorganic matrix types.
LKB1 loss promotes endometrial cancer progression via CCL2-dependent macrophage recruitment (2020)

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women. For most patients in whom the disease is confined to the uterus, treatment results in successful remission; however, there are no curative treatments for tumors that have progressed beyond the uterus. The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 has been identified as a potent suppressor of uterine cancer, but the biological modes of action of LKB1 in this context remain incompletely understood. Here, we have shown that LKB1 suppresses tumor progression by altering gene expression in the tumor microenvironment. We determined that LKB1 inactivation results in abnormal, cell-autonomous production of the inflammatory cytokine chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) within tumors, which leads to increased recruitment of macrophages with prominent tumor-promoting activities. Inactivation of Ccl2 in an Lkb1-driven mouse model of endometrial cancer slowed tumor progression and increased survival. In human primary endometrial cancers, loss of LKB1 protein was strongly associated with increased CCL2 expression by tumor cells as well as increased macrophage density in the tumor microenvironment. These data demonstrate that CCL2 is a potent effector of LKB1 loss in endometrial cancer, creating potential avenues for therapeutic opportunities.
Carbene Formation in the Photochemistry of Cyclic Ketones (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chloroplast PNPase exists as a homo-multimer enzyme complex that is distinct from the Escherichia coli degradosome. (2001)

In Escherichia coli, the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase), the endoribonuclease RNase E, a DEAD-RNA helicase and the glycolytic enzyme enolase are associated with a high molecular weight complex, the degradosome. This complex has an important role in processing and degradation of RNA. Chloroplasts contain an exoribonuclease homologous to E. coli PNPase. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that chloroplast PNPase elutes as a 580-600 kDa complex, suggesting that it can form an enzyme complex similar to the E. coli degradosome. Biochemical and mass-spectrometric analysis showed, however, that PNPase is the only protein associated with the 580-600 kDa complex. Similarly, a purified recombinant chloroplast PNPase also eluted as a 580-600 kDa complex after gel filtration chromatography. These results suggest that chloroplast PNPase exists as a homo-multimer complex. No other chloroplast proteins were found to associate with chloroplast PNPase during affinity chromatography. Database analysis of proteins homologous to E. coli RNase E revealed that chloroplast and cyanobacterial proteins lack the C-terminal domain of the E. coli protein that is involved in assembly of the degradosome. Together, our results suggest that PNPase does not form a degradosome-like complex in the chloroplast. Thus, RNA processing and degradation in this organelle differ in several respects from those in E. coli.
Charge generation mediated by bound polaron pairs and delocalized charge transfer states in non-fullerene organic solar cells (2020)

Using two-dimensional electronic and electronic-vibrational spectroscopies, we find that charge generation via both electron and hole transfer pathways are mediated by bound polaron pairs and delocalized charge-transfer states in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics.
Orthotope Lebertransplantation bei Morbus Wilson und akuter Leberinsuffizienz (2008)

Liver histology demonstrated progressive cirrhosis in a 19-year-old girl with a subacute form of Wilson's disease. Despite D-penicillamine administration her liver functions rapidly deteriorated further. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed. Postoperatively there were two mild rejection episodes, an organic psychiatric syndrome and generalized tremor. Copper metabolism and clinical symptoms became normal postoperatively. Five months after the transplantation she was in a good general condition, able to continue her education.
Boosted Spin Channel Networks for Energy-Efficient Inference (2019)

Computational scaling beyond silicon electronics based on Moore's law requires the adoption of alternate state variables such as electronic spin. Multiple research efforts are underway exploring both Boolean and non-Boolean design space using spin devices in order to make their energy and delay benefits competitive to CMOS. In this paper, we propose spin channel networks (SCN), where the exponential decay property of spin current along the spin channel is exploited to achieve energy-efficient dot product implementation for inference applications. As the use of exponentially decaying spin current for analog computation enforces severe locality constraints, we employ adaptive boosting to design an ensemble of tiny SCNs that work in unison to solve any binary classification task. Such boosted SCNs achieve up to 112× and 14× higher energy efficiency over conventional all-spin-logic-based and 20-nm CMOS designs, respectively.
Are Dynamical Quantum Jumps Detector Dependent? (2012)

Dynamical quantum jumps were initially conceived by Bohr as objective events associated with the emission of a light quantum by an atom. Since the early 1990s they have come to be understood as being associated rather with the detection of a photon by a measurement device, and that different detection schemes result in different types of jumps (or diffusion). Here we propose experimental tests to rigorously prove the detector dependence of the stochastic evolution of an individual atom. The tests involve no special preparation of the atom or field, and the required efficiency can be as low as η≈58%.
Serotonin and dopamine transporters in relation to neuropsychological functioning, personality traits and mood in young adult healthy subjects (2010)

Robust negative findings for striatal DAT availability seriously question earlier findings of positive associations between DAT availability and cognitive functions in healthy subjects. Our results also suggest that subcortical SERT availability is not associated with the neuropsychological functions and personality traits assessed. In summary, the present study suggests that neuropsychological and personality measurements in young healthy people are not associated with subcortical SERT or striatal DAT availabilities in the brain.
A SiGe PA with dual dynamic bias control and memoryless digital predistortion for WCDMA handset applications (2005)

The paper demonstrates a two-stage 1.95 GHz WCDMA handset RFIC power amplifier (PA) implemented in 1.8 mm/sup 2/ in a 250 nm SiGe BiCMOS process. With an integrated dual dynamic bias control of the collector current and the collector voltage in the output stage, the average power efficiency of the two-stage PA is improved by over a factor of two. An off-chip memoryless digital predistortion is also adopted to improve the linearity of the power amplifier, satisfying the 3GPP WCDMA adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) specifications with 26 dBm average channel output power and a peak power-added efficiency of 27%.
Crystal‐Structure Analysis of cis‐X‐Pro‐Containing Peptidomimetics: Understanding the Steric Interactions at cis X‐Pro Amide Bonds (2013)

Konfliktfrei: Das cis-Piv-Pro-Peptidkonformer (Piv=Pivaloyl) ist nicht länger unzugänglich. Alle cis-X-Pro-Konformere mit tertiärer Amidbindung können sich in Peptidkristallen stabilisieren, indem die unvermeidliche Verzerrung des Diederwinkels der Peptidbindung bezüglich der Pro-Carbonylgruppe kompensiert wird (siehe Bild) – in diesem Fall über ni−1→πi*-Wechselwirkungen. Sterische Konflikte traten in den untersuchten cis-Piv-Pro-Rotameren nicht auf.
Avelumab (MSB0010718C; anti-PD-L1) ± pegylated liposomal doxorubicin vs pegylated liposomal doxorubicin alone in patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer: The phase III JAVELIN Ovarian 200 trial. (2016)

TPS5600 Background: Programmed death-1 receptor ligand (PD-L1) is a key therapeutic target in the reactivation of the immune response against multiple cancers. Avelumab* is a fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 antibody that has shown promising efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in heavily pretreated patients (pts) with recurrent ovarian cancer. This open-label, multicenter, 3-arm, phase 3 trial (NCT02580058) compares avelumab ± pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) vs PLD alone in pts with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer, and is the first phase 3 trial of a checkpoint inhibitor in ovarian cancer. Methods: The primary objective of this global, multicenter trial is to demonstrate superiority of avelumab ± PLD vs PLD alone, defined by overall survival (OS). Key eligibility criteria include: histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer; up to 3 prior lines of chemotherapy for platinum-sensitive disease (platinum-containing regimen as most recent); and no prior therapy for platinum-resistant disease. Pts are not preselected for PD-L1 expression. Approximately 550 eligible patients will be randomized to receive either avelumab (10 mg/kg as a 1h intravenous [IV] infusion Q2W) ± PLD (40 mg/m2 as a 1h IV infusion Q4W) or PLD alone (40 mg/m2 as a 1h IV infusion Q4W). Treatment is given until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Secondary endpoints include objective response, progression-free survival, duration of response, disease control, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, quality of life (assessed via EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-OV38, FOSI, and EQ-5D-5L), safety as per NCI-CTCAE v4.03, and tumor biomarkers, including PD-L1 expression and tumor infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes by IHC and tissue expression of immune regulators. Responses are evaluated according to RECIST 1.1 and adjudicated by a blinded independent review committee. Trial enrollment began in December 2015. *Proposed INN. Clinical trial information: NCT02580058.
Anisotropic Point Set Surfaces (2006)

Abstract Point Set Surfaces define smooth surfaces from regular samples based on weighted averaging of the points. Because weighting is done based on a spatial scale parameter, point set surfaces apply basically only to regular samples. We suggest to attach individual weight functions to each sample rather than to the location in space. This extends Point Set Surfaces to irregular settings, including anisotropic sampling adjusting to the principal curvatures of the surface. In particular, we describe how to represent surfaces with ellipsoidal weight functions per sample. Details of deriving such a representation from typical inputs and computing points on the surface are discussed.
Prostate-specific antigen in acute hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (1999)

Our results confirm the well-established reliability of PSA, and show that PSA remains a valid prostate marker in patients with acute hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Read out of a Nuclear Spin Qubit (2004)

We propose a detector to read out the state of a single nuclear spin, with potential application in future scalable NMR quantum computers. It is based on a ``spin valve'' between bulk nuclear spin systems that is highly sensitive to the state of the measured spin. We suggest a concrete realization of that detector in a Silicon lattice. Transport of spin through the proposed spin valve is analogous to that of charge through an electronic nanostructure, but exhibits distinctive new features.
Local Treg Immunomodulation Cures Metastatic Lymphoma Including CNS Sites (2011)

Abstract LBA-2 Background: CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) protect cancers from the immune system. They express important functional molecules such as CTLA-4 and Ox40 on their surface. Anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is the first drug to improve survival of refractory metastatic melanoma. Its recent approval by the FDA/EMEA inaugurates a paradigm shift in cancer therapy where the immune system is targeted rather than the tumor itself. Scientific question: Does local immunomodulation of tumor specific Tregs trigger a systemic anti-tumor immune response and cure disseminated lymphoma? Results: The Tregs that infiltrate the tumor site preferentially express CTLA4 and OX40 compared to their counterparts in the blood and other lymphoid organs, both in mice and in humans. Upon injection of low doses of anti-CTLA4 and anti-OX40 together with CpG, a TLR-9 agonist, directly into the tumor, tumor-specific Tregs are depleted from the tumor-infiltrate. This immunomodulatory combination therapy triggers an anti-tumor immune response able to cure mice with established disseminated disease. The triple combination is uniquely required as neither CpG alone nor mAbs without CpG are effective. The local Treg immunomodulation with anti-CTLA4+anti-OX40+CpG in a single sub-cutaneous tumor eradicates disease in mice with established CNS lymphoma, even with leptomeningeal and spinal cord metastases, whereas chemotherapies or mAb therapy directed against the tumor cells have little effect in the CNS site. Moreover, these cured mice have a long term intra-cranial anti-tumor immunity since they are protected against late intra-cranial re-challenge. Significance: Immunomodulatory antibodies are currently under clinical development for cancer treatment, and their major side effect is the triggering of auto-immune diseases. We show here that injecting very little doses of these antibodies in combination with CpG at one tumor site is sufficient to trigger a systemic anti-tumor response able to eradicate distant sites, including in the CNS which is usually considered a sanctuary site for conventional systemic therapies. Impact: We recently have published positive results of intra-tumoral CpG in patients with follicular Lymphoma (Brody,Levy, et al. JCO, 2010). Anti-CTLA4 has just been FDA approved in patients with metastatic melanoma, and anti-Ox40 antibodies are currently being tested in phase I/II clinical trials. Therefore, the combination described here can be tested in patients with injectable sites of lymphoma, even if they have CNS disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Parallel Quasirandom Walks on the Boundary (2004)

The Monte Carlo method called “random walks on boundary” has been successfully used for solving boundary-value problems. This method has significant advantages when compared with random walks on spheres, balls or on discrete grids when an exterior Dirichlet or Neumann problem is solved, or when we are interested in computing the solution to a problem at an arbitrary number of points using a single random walk.
Novel Fluorescent Ligands Enable Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy of the Dopamine Transporter (2020)

The dopamine transporter (DAT) is critical for spatiotemporal control of dopaminergic neurotransmission and is the target for therapeutic agents, including ADHD medications, and abused substances, such as cocaine. Here, we develop new fluorescently labeled ligands that bind DAT with high affinity and enable single-molecule detection of the transporter. The cocaine analogue MFZ2-12 (<b>1</b>) was conjugated to novel rhodamine-based Janelia Fluorophores (JF<sub>549</sub> and JF<sub>646</sub>). High affinity binding of the resulting ligands to DAT was demonstrated by potent inhibition of [<sup>3</sup>H]dopamine uptake in DAT transfected CAD cells and by competition radioligand binding experiments on rat striatal membranes. Visualization of binding was substantiated by confocal or TIRF microscopy revealing selective binding of the analogues to DAT transfected CAD cells. Single particle tracking experiments were performed with JF<sub>549</sub>-conjugated DG3-80 (<b>3</b>) and JF<sub>646</sub>-conjugated DG4-91 (<b>4</b>) on DAT transfected CAD cells enabling quantification and categorization of the dynamic behavior of DAT into four distinct motion classes (immobile, confined, Brownian, and directed). Finally, we show that the ligands can be used in <i>direct</i> stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (<i>d</i>STORM) experiments permitting further analyses of DAT distribution on the nanoscale. In summary, these novel fluorescent ligands are promising new tools for studying DAT localization and regulation with single-molecule resolution.
TC-Net for iSBIR (2019)

Sketch has been employed as an effective communication tool to express the abstract and intuitive meaning of object. While content-based sketch recognition has been studied for several decades, the instance-level Sketch Based Image Retrieval (iSBIR) task has attracted significant research attention recently. In many previous iSBIR works -- TripletSN, and DSSA, edge maps were employed as intermediate representations in bridging the cross-domain discrepancy between photos and sketches. However, it is nontrivial to efficiently train and effectively use the edge maps in an iSBIR system. Particularly, we find that such an edge map based iSBIR system has several major limitations. First, the system has to be pre-trained on a significant amount of edge maps, either from large-scale sketch datasets, e.g., TU-Berlin~\citeeitz2012hdhso, or converted from other large-scale image datasets, e.g., ImageNet-1K\citedeng2009imagenet dataset. Second, the performance of such an iSBIR system is very sensitive to the quality of edge maps. Third and empirically, the multi-cropping strategy is essentially very important in improving the performance of previous iSBIR systems. To address these limitations, this paper advocates an end-to-end iSBIR system without using the edge maps. Specifically, we present a Triplet Classification Network (TC-Net) for iSBIR which is composed of two major components: triplet Siamese network, and auxiliary classification loss. Our TC-Net can break the limitations existed in previous works. Extensive experiments on several datasets validate the efficacy of the proposed network and system.
Publisher's Note: Energy dispersion of tunnel spin polarization extracted from thermal and electrical spin currents [Phys. Rev. B91, 155305 (2015)] (2015)

P G versus E used for (a), (b), and (c) are the same as those already shown in Figs. 4
Influence of Both &gamma;' Distribution and Grain Size on the Tensile Properties of UDIMET 720Li At Room Temperature (2010)

The tensile properties of a forged UDIMET 720Li alloy have been investigated at room temperature. The aim of this study was to increase both yield and ultimate tensile stresses using adequate thermal treatments. Classical three steps heat treatments after hot forging were applied: a solution treatment followed by a quench and a two steps aging treatment. Several combinations were investigated: four hours solution treatments, either sub-solvus (1080 C -1120 C) or super-solvus (1160 C); two different cooling rates (10 C/min or 3600 C/min); four different two-steps aging treatments: 650 C/24h/Air Quench (AQ) + 760 C/16h/AQ, 760 C/16h/AQ + 650 C/24h/AQ, 700 C/24h/AQ + 815 C/16h/AQ, 815 C/16h/AQ + 700 C/24h/AQ. The tensile properties appeared to be maximized with the following combination of heat treatments: sub-solvus solutioning (1120 C or 1080 C), fast cooling rate (oil quench, 3600 C/min), and the 760 C/16h/AQ + 650 C/24h/AQ aging. Both EBSD measurements and systematic stereological analyses were performed to characterize for each condition, grain size and ' distribution (primary ', secondary ', tertiary '), respectively. The increase of the 0.2% yield stress, is managed by a competition between keeping a small grain size (i.e. by using a low temperature sub-solvus solution treatment) and increasing the intragranular ' content (i.e. by increasing the solutioning temperature). In order to evaluate the relative contributions to the deformation mechanisms of grain size and of ' particles, especially intergranular one (primary '), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) insitu tensile tests have been performed at room temperature on both sub-and super-solvus samples. It is finally demonstrated that the main controlling parameter to reach a very high yield stress is grain size.
Rare HIV-1 transmitted/founder lineages identified by deep viral sequencing contribute to rapid shifts in dominant quasispecies during acute and early infection (2020)

In order to inform the rational design of HIV-1 preventive and cure interventions it is critical to understand the events occurring during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Using viral deep sequencing on six participants from the early capture acute infection RV217 cohort, we have studied HIV-1 evolution in plasma collected twice weekly during the first weeks following the advent of viremia. The analysis of infections established by multiple transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses revealed novel viral profiles that included: a) the low-level persistence of minor T/F variants, b) the rapid replacement of the major T/F by a minor T/F, and c) an initial expansion of the minor T/F followed by a quick collapse of the same minor T/F to low frequency. In most participants, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) escape was first detected at the end of peak viremia downslope, proceeded at higher rates than previously measured in HIV-1 infection, and usually occurred through the exploration of multiple mutational pathways within an epitope. The rapid emergence of CTL escape variants suggests a strong and early CTL response. Minor T/F viral strains can contribute to rapid and varied profiles of HIV-1 quasispecies evolution during AHI. Overall, our results demonstrate that early, deep, and frequent sampling is needed to investigate viral/host interaction during AHI, which could help identify prerequisites for prevention and cure of HIV-1 infection.