gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Scraped‐Surface Heat Exchanger Under Ultra High Temperature Conditions: A Dimensional Analysis (1982)

ABSTRACT Performance characteristics of a pilot‐scale scraped‐surface heat exchanger (Contherm Model 6 × 2) under UHT operating conditions were evaluated. Outlet temperature and overall heat transfer coefficient (U) were significantly affected by rotational speed of the blades, mass flow rate of feed, feed inlet temperature, steam pressure and solids content of the model low‐acid liquid food (soy extracts). The scraping action of the blades greatly improved the performance up to about 350 rpm; higher blade speeds had little or no effect and sometimes decreased U values. Application of dimensionless models showed that the effect of axial Reynolds number (Re A ) on the Nusselt number was more significant in the turbulent regime (Re A &gt; 1800), while rotational Reynolds number above 10 5 had a significant effect at all values of Re A between 1200 and 3700. At very high values of the Taylor number (&gt; 10 10 ) when laminar axial flow conditions prevailed, Nusselt number decreased with increase in rotational Reynolds number.
Calculating the Loudness of Impulsive Sounds (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, a procedure for calculating the loudness of impulsive sounds is presented. Impulsive sounds are defined as short duration (&amp;lt; 500 msec), high energy sounds usually caused by an impact. Each of the six steps in this procedure are discussed in some detail. Validation of the method is obtained by psychoacoustic testing using both loudness matching and modified Levitt (up-down) techniques. The implementation of the impulsive loudness metric is then illustrated for door closing and power lock sounds.&lt;/div&gt;
Does Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Posterior Instrumentation Reduce Risk of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery? A Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis (2015)

Overall rates of radiographic PJK and reoperation for PJK were not significantly decreased with MIS pedicle screw placement. However, a larger comparative study is needed to confirm that MIS pedicle screw placement does not affect PJK.
Impact of Bandwidth Demand Growth on HFC Network (2008)

This presentation is about the present hybrid fiber coax (HFC) network infrastructure and the incremental steps for increasing the bandwidth in HFC plant as the bandwidth demand increases due to new user applications.
Doubly cyclopalladated complexes of N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylbenzene-1,3-bis(methylamine) (1992)

N,N,N′,N′-Tetraethylbenzene-1,3-bis(methylamine)(L) undergoes regiospecific double cyclopalladation with Li2[PdCl4] at the 4,6 positions of the benzene ring to produce the chloro-bridged polymeric complex [Pd2(L – 2H)Cl2]. Reactions of this complex with PPh3, methylpyridines, acetylacetone, ethylacetoacetate, monothiodibenzoylmethane and trifluoro(thenoyl)acetone have been studied and the products characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Treatment of [Pd2(L – 2H)(PPh3)2Cl2] with MeCO2H and LiCl produces at room temperature the nitrogen-protonated species [Pd2L(PPh3)2Cl4], but trans-[Pd2(PPh3)2Cl4] and the metal-free ligand (L) are formed at 80 °C. The complex [Pd2(L – 2H)Cl2] undergoes exchange reaction with ligands capable of forming monocyclopalladated complexes. The crystal structure of [Pd2(L – 2H)(PPh3)2Cl2] has been determined: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a= 20.676(4), b= 12.436(3), c= 19.445(4)Å, β= 104.29(3)° and Z= 4; refinement led to R= 0.035 and R′= 0.043 using 3533 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I).
Structure from Statistics - Unsupervised Activity Analysis using Suffix Trees (2007)

Models of activity structure for unconstrained environments are generally not available a priori. Recent representational approaches to this end are limited by their computational complexity, and ability to capture activity structure only up to some fixed temporal scale. In this work, we propose Suffix Trees as an activity representation to efficiently extract structure of activities by analyzing their constituent event-subsequences over multiple temporal scales. We empirically compare Suffix Trees with some of the previous approaches in terms of feature cardinality, discriminative prowess, noise sensitivity and activity-class discovery. Finally, exploiting properties of Suffix Trees, we present a novel perspective on anomalous subsequences of activities, and propose an algorithm to detect them in linear-time. We present comparative results over experimental data, collected from a kitchen environment to demonstrate the competence of our proposed framework.
Size and Concentration Measurements of Particles Produced in Commercial Chromium Plating Processes (1995)

Abstract Optical measurements of particle size and concentration were made at the chromium plating tank and exhaust system at a commercial hexavalent chromium plating facility. Particles were examined at three locations in the exhaust system: 1) directly at the hexavalent chromium plating bath surface, 2) at the exit of a cyclone separator located in the exhaust system approximately three to four meters downstream of the bath, and 3) in the exhaust stack, downstream of the induced draft fan and all abatement devices. Particle diameters at the bath surface ranged from 0.3 to 25 μm. Downstream of the cyclone exit and mesh pad filters, particle top sizes were approximately 5 and 0.7 mm, respectively. On a mass basis, the collection efficiency of all abatement devices was 99.997%. Assuming that droplets in the flow consist primarily of water and chromium, correcting the total particle mass flow against water content gives a chromium emission rate of 64,000 μg/hr, which compares favorably with a value of 77,000 μg/hr measured with EPA methods. This initial agreement, which should be validated through additional measurements over a broad range of flow conditions, raises the possibility of continuous monitoring for chromium metal emissions using particle size/mass as a surrogate.
Streptomyces atriruber sp. nov. and Streptomyces silaceus sp. nov., two novel species of equine origin (2009)

Two actinomycete strains, NRRL B-24165(T) and NRRL B-24166(T), isolated from lesions on equine placentas in Kentucky, USA, were analysed using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, morphological observations and the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in whole-cell hydrolysates, the new isolates clearly belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Analyses of the phylogenetic positions of strains NRRL B-24165(T) and NRRL B-24166(T) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of all recognized species of the genus Streptomyces, as well as evaluation of morphological and physiological characteristics, demonstrated that the new isolates could be differentiated from all recognized species and therefore represented novel species. It is proposed that the new strains represent two novel species for which the names Streptomyces atriruber sp. nov. (type strain NRRL B-24165(T)=DSM 41860(T)=LDDC 6330-99(T)) and Streptomyces silaceus sp. nov. (NRRL B-24166(T)=DSM 41861(T)=LDDC 6638-99(T)) are proposed. The species names are based on the distinctive colours of the substrate mycelium of these strains, dark red and deep orange-yellow, respectively.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Clinical Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitor Combinations in <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Colorectal Cancer through MAPK Pathway Alterations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. KRAS FISH analysis of parental and resistance cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
LUX-breast 3: Randomized phase II study of afatinib alone or with vinorelbine versus investigator’s choice of treatment in patients (pts) with HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) with progressive brain metastases (BM) after trastuzumab or lapatinib-based therapy. (2012)

TPS647 Background: Approximately 1/3 of pts with HER2-positive, advanced BC will develop BM with a poor prognosis. Efficacy of systemic therapies is limited since few drugs can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. BC BM represents a high unmet medical need for which novel targeted therapies are needed. Afatinib is a small molecule, irreversible ErbB Family Blocker that has shown preclinical activity in trastuzumab-resistant cell lines and HER2-positive tumor xenografts. Its clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in pts with heavily pre-treated, HER2-positive metastatic BC, who progressed after trastuzumab therapy, with partial responses in 10% and clinical benefit in 46% of pts. In a Phase I afatinib trial a sustained PR was observed in a NSCLC pt with BM, and in a phase II trial in NSCLC, pts with or without BM achieved comparable outcome on afatinib. The purpose of this study (NCT01441596) is to investigate whether afatinib alone or in combination with vinorelbine has any effect on HER2-positive BC with BM after failure of prior trastuzumab or lapatinib. Methods: Key eligibility criteria: histologically confirmed HER2-positive BC; recurrent/progressive BM during/after prior trastuzumab or lapatinib therapy; ≥1 measurable BM (≥10 mm on T1-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced MRI); extra-CNS lesions allowed; prior surgery, whole brain radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery allowed; ECOG 0–2. Eligible pts are stratified by: ECOG score 0–1 vs 2; No of BM ≤ 3 vs &gt;3; prior lapatinib therapy. Pts are randomized to (n = 40/arm): Arm A: afatinib (40 mg/d oral); Arm B: afatinib (40 mg/d oral) + vinorelbine (25 mg/m 2 / week); Arm C: investigator’s choice of medical treatment approved for metastatic BC. Primary endpoint: pt benefit at 12 weeks (i.e. absence of CNS/extra CNS disease progression as per RECIST 1.1) and no tumour-related worsening of neurological signs/symptoms or increase in steroid dosage. Secondary endpoints: PFS, OS, safety and afatinib concentration in plasma/cerebrospinal fluid in ≥12 pts. The study began in October 2011 and enrollment is ongoing.
Investigating Explainability of Generative AI for Code through Scenario-based Design (2022)

What does it mean for a generative AI model to be explainable? The emergent discipline of explainable AI (XAI) has made great strides in helping people understand discriminative models. Less attention has been paid to generative models that produce artifacts, rather than decisions, as output. Meanwhile, generative AI (GenAI) technologies are maturing and being applied to application domains such as software engineering. Using scenario-based design and question-driven XAI design approaches, we explore users’ explainability needs for GenAI in three software engineering use cases: natural language to code, code translation, and code auto-completion. We conducted 9 workshops with 43 software engineers in which real examples from state-of-the-art generative AI models were used to elicit users’ explainability needs. Drawing from prior work, we also propose 4 types of XAI features for GenAI for code and gathered additional design ideas from participants. Our work explores explainability needs for GenAI for code and demonstrates how human-centered approaches can drive the technical development of XAI in novel domains.
Distributed Reception with Hard Decision Exchanges (2014)

This paper considers the problem of jointly processing messages received over a forward link from a single distant transmitter to a cooperative receive cluster connected by a local area network with finite available throughput. For N cooperating receivers, ideal distributed receive beamforming with direct exchange of unquantized observations leads to an N-fold gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for equal-gain additive white Gaussian noise channels, with significant additional gains over fading channels due to diversity. It is shown in this paper that a significant portion of these gains can be obtained simply by exchanging hard decisions among some or all of the nodes in the receive cluster. Mutual information computations and simulations of LDPC-coded systems show that optimal combining of hard decisions tends to perform within 0.5-2 dB of ideal receive beamforming. For the low per-node SNR regime of interest with large receive clusters, asymptotic analysis of a suboptimal combining technique termed "pseudo-beamforming" shows that distributed reception with hard decision exchanges performs within 1-2 dB of ideal receive beamforming.
A Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Used for an Accurate Image Geometric Dimensions Recognition (2022)

The process of distinguishing objects in digital images and recognizing them is a basic process in AI, in order to distinguish the object and determine its features. It has many uses in various engineering and medical fields. There is a great difficulty in recognizing digital images and distinguishing objects in them. This paper discusses some basic artificial intelligence techniques based on the geometric dimensions of the object in the image in order to recognize these objects and distinguish them from the background of the image. Where there is great difficulty in separating the object from its background, this paper presents the most accurate methods of programmatic application using Matlab environment to identify components in the image, its distinction, and its characteristics. The paper provides a comparison between these AI methods and chooses the most accurate one. AI recognition methods use various algorithms including algorithms based on color density and algorithms that depend on geometric dimensions such as Hue moment algorithms, Haralik features algorithms, and Zernike moment algorithms. In this paper these algorithms were applied to a group of images to extract the features of the object and the best one will be chosen with the aid of Matlab. The most accurate recognition process is chosen through building a digital library that contains many pictures and training the program on these images to recognize and distinguish the object in the image.
[NEt4][AuCl2][AuCl3]: Solid‐State Evidence of Essentially Y‐Shaped Jahn–Teller‐Distorted AuCl3 (2006)

Caught between two geometries: The solid-state structure of [NEt4][AuCl2][AuCl3] (see picture) shows a geometry in AuCl3 that is representative of a Y-shaped transition state as a result of Jahn–Teller distortion. Calculations by others indicate that the observed orientation is an intermediate geometry between two T-shaped structures with C2v symmetry.
TENSILE SPECIMEN DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES FOR CHARACTERIZING POLYMERIC COMPOSITES USING X-RAY BASED MICRO-TOMOGRAPHY (2008)

The recent rapid increase in the use of continuous and chopped fiber composites for automotive, aerospace, and naval applications demands an increased understanding of microstructure evolution with stress in order to understand potential failure locations. X-ray imaging with micro-focus source and optics with high resolution shows promise for exploring such technology to study the microstructure. Initial tomography and radiography results will be presented that clearly show individual fibers and its interface with the resin as a function of tensile stress. In this study, we focus on the design of miniature fiber reinforced polymer specimens suitable for examination during tensile loading using a micro-tomography system. Issues related to potential stress concentrations and experimental boundary conditions are examined using finite element analysis. Two gripping designs and specimen geometries are examined analytically and experimentally. Specimens with cylindrical cross-section with specimen ends bonded to a metallic threaded grip were considered for thermoset materials. Grips containing cavities with cylindrical and conical shapes were also examined. Dog-bone shaped, shoulder loaded, square cross-section sample was considered for thermoplastic materials because of difficulties bonding them to a metallic threaded grip.
Cloning and molecular characterization of the Hevea brasiliensis allergen Hev b 11, a class I chitinase (2002)

Hev b 11, a class I chitinase, is another allergen from Hevea latex with a chitin binding domain and displays a different IgE binding capacity compared with hevein.
A Lattice Effect on the Enhancement of the Partial Annihilation Rate Inferred from a Numerical Computation on a Nonspherical Fermi Surface (1973)

The first-order approximation to the partial annihilation rate in a hypothetical monovalent metal having a nonspherical Fermi surface has been evaluated numerically by utilizing a many-body theory associated with the two nearly-free-electron bands. The nonsphericity was introduced by a pair of zone faces to which the Fermi surface is attracted to from pair of short necks. The rotational symmetry around the reciprocal-lattice vectors relevant to those zone faces was also assumed. The result gives higher enhancement of the partial annihilation rates of the neck electrons than that of the other ones. A careful examination of the present computation shows that the higher enhancement is attributable to the smaller gradients of the change in energy near the necks. Similar effects may be found also in more general cases.
Pretreatment of chips with white liquor prior to a treatment with black liquor : Förbehandling av flis med färsk vitlut före behandling med svartlut (2001)

The invention concerns a method for the manufacture of cooked cellulose pulp in which the starting material, preferably chips, undergoes a successive increase in temperature towards cooking temperature while the chips are first treated in a pre-treatment zone in which the main part, greater than 50%, of fresh white liquor necessary for the cooking stage is added, after which this alkali-rich treatment fluid is withdrawn and replaced to a major extent by black liquor. The alkali-rich treatment fluid that has been withdrawn after the pre-treatment to stage is then added to the cooking stage, which is why the addition of fresh white liquor to the cooking stage is reduced to an equivalent amount. Maximal yield-enhancing effect is obtained using polysulphide-rich white liquor during the pre-treatment at a temperature in the interval 60 +- 40 DEG C and retention time in the interval 2-60 minutes, preferably 2-10 minutes.
Sulfonic and Phosphonic Acid and Bifunctional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Membranes and Their Proton Conduction Properties (2011)

Hybrid organic-inorganic approaches are used for the synthesis of bifunctional proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) membranes owing to their ability to combine the properties of a functionalized inorganic network and an organic thermostable polymer. We report the synthesis of both sulfonic and phosphonic acid functionalized mesostructured silica networks into a poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (poly(VDF-co-HFP) copolymer. These membranes, containing different amounts of phosphonic acid and sulfonic acid groups, have been characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, SA-XRD, SAXS, and electrochemical techniques. The proton conductivity of the bifunctional hybrid membranes depends strongly on hydration, increasing by two orders of magnitude over the relative humidity (RH) range of 20 to 100%, up to a maximum of 0.031 S cm(-1) at 60 °C and 100% RH. This value is interesting as only half of the membrane conducts protons. This approach allows the synthesis of a porous SiO(2) network with two different functions, having -SO(3)H and -PO(3)H(2) embedded in a thermostable polymer matrix.
A spectrally interleaved magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging sequence incorporating semi-adiabatic pulses at ultrahigh field (2023)

A spectrally-interleaved semi-adiabatic magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging sequence was developed to simultaneously acquire water and metabolite resonances within the same repetition time. A water interleave enables eddy current correction, absolute quantification through water reference and thermometry using empirically-derived formulae based on chemical shifts of temperature-sensitive water and temperature-insensitive metabolites. The sequence successfully acquired both 1-minute single voxel and 4-minute multi-voxel acquisitions in phantom and in vivo, producing temperature estimates of 21.2 &amp;deg;C, and 35.7 &amp;deg;C, respectively. LCModel fitting of metabolites provided reliable fitting of multiple metabolite peaks including separation of glutamate and glutamine.
Surfactant/Polymyxin B Gemische wirken antibakteriell und erhalten die Compliance von neonatalen Kaninchen mit E.coli Pneumonie (2009)

Bei der neonatalen Pneumonie ist die Oberflächenaktivität von Surfactant reduziert und Bakterien können die Luft-Flüssigkeits-Grenzfläche überwinden. E.coli Bakterien sind eine übliche Ursache der neonatalen Pneumonie. In Vorarbeiten haben wir in vitro gezeigt, dass der Zusatz des antimikrobiellen Peptids Polymyxin B (PxB) zu modifizierten natürlichen Surfactant die Resistenz gegenüber einer Inaktivierung erhöht und die antimikrobielle Aktivität erhalten bleibt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, diese Surfactant-Präparationen in vivo zu untersuchen.
Twenty-Second Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (2001)

The Twenty-Second Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals was held May [7][8][9][10][11] 2000 in Gatlinburg TN. This field is clearly in an expansion mode, with a window of opportunity for implementing many of the approaches presented at the meeting. The focus of the meeting is to improve the technology and the economics of producing the fuels and chemicals vital to many industrial sectors. This meeting all(i)wed representatives of the industrial, academic, and government sectors to exchange information and ideas in formal and informal settings. Attendance at the conference is split almost equally among industrial, US academic, foreign, and national lab participants, totaling over 200 attendees. The.conference, affectionately known as the Gatlinburg conference, has been the longeststanding and best meeting to attend to find out current trends in bioprocessing to produce fuels and chemicals and, equally important, to meet active participants and companies in the field. The conference has an interdisciplinary focus on the bioprocessing, but has multidiscip[inary interests from plant production to utilization. The conference also attempts to cover basic scientific research, engineering development, and the bridging to deployment efforts in bioprocessing for both fuels and chemicals.
Automatic car driving detection using raw accelerometry data (2016)

Measuring physical activity using wearable devices has become increasingly popular. Raw data collected from such devices is usually summarized as 'activity counts', which combine information of human activity with environmental vibrations. Driving is a major sedentary activity that artificially increases the activity counts due to various car and body vibrations that are not connected to human movement. Thus, it has become increasingly important to identify periods of driving and quantify the bias induced by driving in activity counts. To address these problems, we propose a detection algorithm of driving via accelerometry (DADA), designed to detect time periods when an individual is driving a car. DADA is based on detection of vibrations generated by a moving vehicle and recorded by an accelerometer. The methodological approach is based on short-time Fourier transform (STFT) applied to the raw accelerometry data and identifies and focuses on frequency vibration ranges that are specific to car driving. We test the performance of DADA on data collected using wrist-worn ActiGraph devices in a controlled experiment conducted on 24 subjects. The median area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting driving periods was 0.94, indicating an excellent performance of the algorithm. We also quantify the size of the bias induced by driving and obtain that per unit of time the activity counts generated by driving are, on average, 16% of the average activity counts generated during walking.
Figure S4 from <i>S</i>-nitrosylation of the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Inhibitors of Succinate Dehydrogenase (2023)

&lt;p&gt;α-TOS and SDH-targeting mitocans induce necroptosis by a PARP1-RIP1-mediated signaling cascade.&lt;/p&gt;