gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blind distributed estimation algorithms for adaptive networks (2014)

Abstract Until recently, a lot of work has been done to develop algorithms that utilize the distributed structure of an ad hoc wireless sensor network to estimate a certain parameter of interest. However, all these algorithms assume that the input regressor data is available to the sensors, but this data is not always available to the sensors. In such cases, blind estimation of the required parameter is needed. This work formulates two newly developed blind block-recursive algorithms based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and Cholesky factorization-based techniques. These adaptive algorithms are then used for blind estimation in a wireless sensor network using diffusion of data among cooperative sensors. Simulation results show that the performance greatly improves over the case where no cooperation among sensors is involved.
Tunable single frequency Nd:YAG microchip lasers (1989)

Single frequency Nd:YAG microchip lasers were created by depositing dielectric cavity mirrors directly on a flat slab of Nd:YAG.1 The thickness of the Nd:YAG (730 μm) was chosen so that the cavity mode spacing is comparable to, or greater than, the gain bandwidth of Nd:YAG, and only a single frequency will operate. After the mirrors were deposited, the Nd:YAG was cut into 1- X 2-mm pieces, which were tight-fitted into U-shaped holders adjacent to a piezoelectric transducer, as shown in Fig. 1. The transducer applies a transverse stress to the Nd:YAG, changing the cavity length.
Evaluation of the capacities of mouse TCR profiling from short read RNA-seq data (2018)

Profiling T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire via short read transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) has a unique advantage of probing simultaneously TCRs and the genome-wide RNA expression of other genes. However, compared to targeted amplicon approaches, the shorter read length is more prone to mapping error. In addition, only a small percentage of the genome-wide reads may cover the TCR loci and thus the repertoire could be significantly under-sampled. Although this approach has been applied in a few studies, the utility of transcriptome sequencing in probing TCR repertoires has not been evaluated extensively. Here we present a systematic assessment of RNA-Seq in TCR profiling. We evaluate the power of both Fluidigm C1 full-length single cell RNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq in characterizing the repertoires of different diversities under either naïve conditions or after immunogenic challenges. Standard read length and sequencing coverage were employed so that the evaluation was conducted in accord with the current RNA-Seq practices. Despite high sequencing depth in bulk RNA-Seq, we encountered difficulty quantifying TCRs with low transcript abundance (<1%). Nevertheless, top enriched TCRs with an abundance of 1-3% or higher can be faithfully detected and quantified. When top TCR sequences are of interest and transcriptome sequencing is available, it is worthwhile to conduct a TCR profiling using the RNA-Seq data.
The Influence of Ink and Paper on Bar Code Print Quality and Readability with OCR Scanning Systems (2005)

Postal operators worldwide use two-dimensional Data Matrix bar codes for machine-readable postage payment evidencing. Dynamic interaction of ink jet inks with uncontrolled media like envelope papers generates a variety of print quality defects. Adaptive thresholding algorithms optimized for OCR amplify the impact of these defects on the readability of two-dimensional bar codes. Print quality parameters are determined according to international standards for several combinations of monochrome franking ink jet inks and plain paper envelopes. The ink and paper characteristics relevant in generating the defects are measured and interpreted in terms of wetting and capillarity. We investigate, through computer simulation, the impact of the interaction of print quality defects and OCR adaptive thresholding algorithms on 2D bar code readability.
The design and construction of a wide speed range novel brushless DC motor (1995)

The paper describes a novel brushless DC motor of the interior magnet type which uses radial quadrature axis flux barriers. The purpose of these is to reduce the armature flux, particularly when it is cross magnetising and thus reduce the saturation in the teeth of the machine. Comparisons are drawn between the new machine and an equivalent conventional version using both finite element analysis and the results of practical standstill tests. It is shown that the torque performance of the machines is about the same but the tooth densities are considerably reduced in the machine with barriers.
Exploiting semi-supervised training through a dropout regularization in\n end-to-end speech recognition (2019)

In this paper, we explore various approaches for semi supervised learning in\nan end to end automatic speech recognition (ASR) framework. The first step in\nour approach involves training a seed model on the limited amount of labelled\ndata. Additional unlabelled speech data is employed through a data selection\nmechanism to obtain the best hypothesized output, further used to retrain the\nseed model. However, uncertainties of the model may not be well captured with a\nsingle hypothesis. As opposed to this technique, we apply a dropout mechanism\nto capture the uncertainty by obtaining multiple hypothesized text transcripts\nof an speech recording. We assume that the diversity of automatically generated\ntranscripts for an utterance will implicitly increase the reliability of the\nmodel. Finally, the data selection process is also applied on these\nhypothesized transcripts to reduce the uncertainty. Experiments on freely\navailable TEDLIUM corpus and proprietary Adobe's internal dataset show that the\nproposed approach significantly reduces ASR errors, compared to the baseline\nmodel.\n
Automatic Solution Space Exploration for Freeform Optical Design (2019)

First, second, and third-order aberration theory are applied to reduce the degrees of freedom to generate starting designs for freeform imagers. This provides the framework to perform a complete search of the solution space.
Socially Compliant Navigation in dense crowds. (2019)

Navigating in complex and highly dynamic environments such as crowds is still a major challenge for autonomous vehicle such as autonomous wheelchairs or even autonomous cars. This article presents a new way of navigating in crowds by using behavioral clustering for the surrounding agents and representing the crowd as a set of moving polygons. Once the environment has been modelled in this way and the robot has all the information it needs, we then propose a navigation algorithm that is able to guide the vehicle through the scene. The key-points of this algorithm are that (1) it can avoid densely-populated areas in order to minimize the risk of being on a collision course with any of the surrounding dynamic obstacles, (2) it generates socially compliant trajectories.
Light and temperature distribution in the rat brain during optogenetic simulation (2016)

status: Published
An Application of the Small Mott Spin Analyzer to the SP-SEM (1998)

A spin-polarized scanning electron microscope (SP-SEM) with a retarding-type Mott analyzer was developed. For SP-SEM applications, we improved the figure of merit of the polarimeter, which had been developed in our laboratory, and employed a newly designed secondary electron collector. To avoid the magnetic stray field generated by the magnetic objective lens, a magnetic shield whose shape was designed by means of the finite element method was attached to the lens. Using the SP-SEM system, we observed spin-dependent SEM images of the domain structure of a single Fe crystal (001) surface, and typically observed spin polarization of secondary electrons of about ±14%.
REDUCING MUCUS PRODUCTION AFTER URINARY RECONSTRUCTION: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL (2001)

The use of N-acetylcysteine, aspirin and ranitidine did not result in a reduction in mucin production, urine viscosity or improvement in quality of life.
Protecting IMSI and User Privacy in 5G Networks (2016)

In recent years, many cases of compromising users' privacy in telecom networks have been reported. Stories of "fake" base stations capable of tracking users and collecting their personal data without users' knowledge have emerged. The current way of protecting privacy does not provide any protection
SERS Fiber Optic Probes (1992)

We are using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) to develop a fiber optic probe for monitoring groundwater contamination. Attaching a molecule to a SERS surface produces a million fold enhancement of the Raman signal. Our approach is to fabricate a SERS surface at the fiber tip and attach indicators to the silver SERS surface. The SERS surface is fabricated by roughening the end of the optical fiber with polishing paper and vacuum depositing silver over the roughened fiber tip. We irreversibly bind the indicators by modifying the acid group of the indicator with a thiol containing species. The thiol anchors the indicator to the silver surface and forms an inert, robust coating.
MOMSense: Metal-Oxide-Metal Elementary Glucose Sensor (2019)

In this paper, we present a novel Pt/CuO/Pt metal-oxide-metal (MOM) glucose sensor. The devices are fabricated using a simple, low-cost standard photolithography process. The unique planar structure of the device provides a large electrochemically active surface area, which acts as a nonenzymatic reservoir for glucose oxidation. The sensor has a linear sensing range between 2.2 mM and 10 mM of glucose concentration, which covers the blood glucose levels for an adult human. The distinguishing property of this sensor is its ability to measure glucose at neutral pH conditions (i.e. pH = 7). Furthermore, the dilution step commonly needed for CuO-based nonenzymatic electrochemical sensors to achieve an alkaline medium, which is essential to perform redox reactions in the absence of glucose oxidase, is eliminated, resulting in a lower-cost and more compact device.
Supplementary Table 8 from Comprehensive Genome Methylation Analysis in Bladder Cancer: Identification and Validation of Novel Methylated Genes and Application of These as Urinary Tumor Markers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 60K&lt;/p&gt;
Design and Synthesis of Soluble and Cell-Permeable PI3Kδ Inhibitors for Long-Acting Inhaled Administration (2017)

PI3Kδ is a lipid kinase that is believed to be important in the migration and activation of cells of the immune system. Inhibition is hypothesized to provide a powerful yet selective immunomodulatory effect that may be beneficial for the treatment of conditions such as asthma or rheumatoid arthritis. In this work, we describe the identification of inhibitors based on a thiazolopyridone core structure and their subsequent optimization for inhalation. The initially identified compound (13) had good potency and isoform selectivity but was not suitable for inhalation. Addition of basic substituents to a region of the molecule pointing to solvent was tolerated (enzyme inhibition pIC<sub>50</sub> > 9), and by careful manipulation of the pK<sub>a</sub> and lipophilicity, we were able to discover compounds (20b, 20f) with good lung retention and cell potency that could be taken forward to in vivo studies where significant target engagement could be demonstrated.
Realizing topologically ordered states on a quantum processor (2021)

The discovery of topological order has revised the understanding of quantum matter and provided the theoretical foundation for many quantum error–correcting codes. Realizing topologically ordered states has proven to be challenging in both condensed matter and synthetic quantum systems. We prepared the ground state of the toric code Hamiltonian using an efficient quantum circuit on a superconducting quantum processor. We measured a topological entanglement entropy near the expected value of –ln2 and simulated anyon interferometry to extract the braiding statistics of the emergent excitations. Furthermore, we investigated key aspects of the surface code, including logical state injection and the decay of the nonlocal order parameter. Our results demonstrate the potential for quantum processors to provide insights into topological quantum matter and quantum error correction.
Assessment of Plasma Enhanced Machining for Improved Machinability of Inconel 718 (1997)

An experimental study has been performed to assess the feasibility of using a hybrid machining system to improve the machinability of Inconel 718. An assembled plasma enhanced machining (PEM) system is described, and experimental results obtained from both conventional and plasma enhanced machining of Inconel 718 are compared. Several advantages of PEM over conventional machining are demonstrated, including improvement of surface roughness, lower cutting forces and extended tool life.
Medicinal chemistry education: what is needed and where is it going? (2005)

Abstract At a recent symposium in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, the future of education in medicinal chemistry was discussed in terms of its role in the drug discovery process. The questions posed included: What is the necessary knowledge basis for the medicinal chemist?; How and where should this be achieved?; The role of the university; The impact of developing countries and globalization; Is medicinal chemistry a single discipline? It remains true that organic chemistry remains at the heart of the discipline, but structure–property relationships are now an increasingly important component. Additionally, the linkage between chemistry and biology is more important with the rise of chemical biology. The relationships between industry and the university have become more important in recent years, yet some caution may be appropriate lest the traditional role of the university be neglected. The dominance of the Western world in science for the past two centuries has ensured that medicinal chemistry has been strongest in those countries. This dominance is likely to be diminished in the next several decades. Drug Dev. Res. 66:1–8, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of an auto-adjusting prosthetic socket during walking with intermittent socket release (2022)

Stable operation of the control system suggests that the auto-adjusting socket is ready for testing in users' at-home settings.
Benchmarking of protein descriptor sets in proteochemometric modeling (part 1): comparative study of 13 amino acid descriptor sets (2013)

In this work a comparison is provided of how similar (and differently) currently available amino acids descriptor sets behave when converting structure to property space. The results obtained enable molecular modelers to select suitable amino acid descriptor sets for structure-activity analyses, e.g. those showing complementary behavior.
Impact of Nanotechnology on the Future of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals: The Road toward Precision Medicines—Case Studies (2021)

Over the past decade, evidence from the scientific and medical communities has demonstrated that nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine have tremendous potential to affect numerous aspects of cancer and other disorders in term of early diagnosis and targeted therapy. The utilization of nanotechnology for the development of new Nano-carrier systems has the potential to offer improved targeted delivery through increased solubility and sustained retention and more importantly active targeting. One of the major advantages of this innovative technology is its unique multifunctional characteristics. Targeted delivery of drug incorporated nanoparticles, through conjugation of site-specific cell surface markers, such as tumor-specific antibodies or ligands, which can enhance the efficacy of the anticancer drug and reduce the side effects. Additionally, multifunctional characteristics of the Nano-carrier system would allow for simultaneous imaging of tumor mass, targeted drug delivery and monitoring (Theranostics). 
A summary of recent progress in nanotechnology as it relates to nanoparticles and drug delivery will be reviewed. Nano Nutraceuticals using combination of various natural products provide a great potential in diseases prevention. Additionally, various Nanomedicine approaches for the detection and treatment of various types of organ specific delivery, vascular targeting, and vaccine will be briefly discussed.
Reference: Mousa SA, Bawa R, and Audette GF (Editors): The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, Jenny Stanford Publishing (2020) – 1200+ pages, 36 chapters [ISBN 978-981-4800-59-4 (Hardcover), 978-0-429-29501-0 (eBook)].
X-ray beam-position monitoring in the sub-micrometre and sub-second regime (2005)

It is demonstrated that X-ray beam positions can be extracted from two-dimensional profiles with sub-pixel resolution. Beam-position measurements utilizing a self-designed low-cost two-dimensional detector have been performed at two synchrotron radiation beamlines of the Swiss Light Source. The effective detector pixel size was 4.8 microm and the resolution achieved for the beam position was about 5 nm. At a data rate of 25 frames per second, periodic variations of the beam position could be detected with a frequency resolution below 0.1 Hz. This allowed, for example, the influence of a turbo-pump in the X-ray optics hutch on the beam position to be quantified, and even minute variations related to the electron beam in the storage ring could be detected.
Immune response gene regulation of immunity to Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and circumsporozoite protein vaccines. Overcoming genetic restriction with whole organism and subunit vaccines. (1989)

We conducted a series of experiments to define Ir gene regulation of the immune response to Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and circumsporozoite (CS) protein-derived subunit vaccines. The studies demonstrated that there is no apparent genetic restriction of the capacity to develop protective immunity against a large sporozoite challenge after immunization with irradiation-attenuated P. berghei sporozoites; that the Th response to (Asp-Pro-Ala-Pro-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asn)n, the predominant protective B epitope on the P. berghei CS protein, is genetically restricted and regulated by Class II genes (I-Ab) and by genes in the Class I region (H-2Dk) or telomeric to this region; and that this restriction can be overcome by immunization with a r protein including the entire P. berghei CS protein. The results support the development of full length human CS protein vaccines to take advantage of all potential T epitopes on this protein.
Experimental demonstration of a stacked SOI multiband charged-coupled device (2014)

The multiband charge-coupled device (CCD) is a polychromatic image sensor fabricated on semiconductor-on-insulator substrates with multiple device layers. It can achieve a multifold improvement in efficiency compared to a conventional CCD, because photons are collected and resolved in the substrate without external optics. We present the first experimental demonstration of multiband light absorption and charge extraction for a single-pixel device. The ratio of the active layers' responsivities changes with wavelength, indicating that incident color information is captured in the multiple device layers.
Amorphous structure of semiconducting CdAs2 doped with Ge (1990)

In crystalline CdAs 2 , Cd and As atoms are arranged spirally, to form comparatively large (A- site) and small (B-site) vacant sites, bordered by As atoms. This crystalline structure is shown in Fig. 1. The structure of amorphous CdAs 2 has been taken to closely resemble that of the crystalline form; doping the compound with Ge atoms would initially cause Ge occupation of the large A-sites with minimal local lattice distortion. Larger amounts of the dopant, in excess of the solubility limit, would cause the rejection of Ge atoms from the lattice, since occupation of the comparatively smaller B-site occupation would otherwise cause severe lattice distortion. With germanium additions in excess of CdGe 0.6 As 2 , the amorphous CdAs 2 structure transforms to the CdGeAs 2 structure, wherin the cation-sites are equally occupied by Cd and Ge at alternate sites. Samples with appropriate compositions were fabricated by water-quenching the molten compound,vacuum sealed in carbon coated (by pyrolysis) fused silica tubes. The samples were mechanically thinned and ion-milled using a liquid nitrogen cold stage, for examination in the TEM and for EDS.
A novel bottom-up Ag contact (30nm diameter and 6.5 aspect ratio) technology by electroplating for 1Xnm and beyond technology (2011)

Very high 6.5 aspect ratio, 30nm diameter contacts are filled with a novel bottom-up Ag electroplating technology for the first time. The technology utilizes two distinct advantages of Ag over Cu: (1) Ag has the lower metal resistivity, and (2) Ag has several orders of magnitude lower diffusivity in Si than Cu. The bottom-up deposition technology intrinsically avoids the issue of seam formation arising from sidewall deposition, and thus is very promising” for future scaled contacts, even down to single digit nano-meter technology nodes.
VEGF and TGF-β are required for the maintenance of the choroid plexus and ependyma (2008)

Although the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in developmental and pathological angiogenesis is well established, its function in the adult is less clear. Similarly, although transforming growth factor (TGF) beta is involved in angiogenesis, presumably by mediating capillary (endothelial cell [EC]) stability, its involvement in quiescent vasculature is virtually uninvestigated. Given the neurological findings in patients treated with VEGF-neutralizing therapy (bevacizumab) and in patients with severe preeclampsia, which is mediated by soluble VEGF receptor 1/soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 and soluble endoglin, a TGF-beta signaling inhibitor, we investigated the roles of VEGF and TGF-beta in choroid plexus (CP) integrity and function in adult mice. Receptors for VEGF and TGF-beta were detected in adult CP, as well as on ependymal cells. Inhibition of VEGF led to decreased CP vascular perfusion, which was associated with fibrin deposition. Simultaneous blockade of VEGF and TGF-beta resulted in the loss of fenestrae on CP vasculature and thickening of the otherwise attenuated capillary endothelium, as well as the disappearance of ependymal cell microvilli and the development of periventricular edema. These results provide compelling evidence that both VEGF and TGF-beta are involved in the regulation of EC stability, ependymal cell function, and periventricular permeability.
Format-agnostic Approach for Production, Delivery and Rendering of Immersive Media (2011)

The media industry is currently being pulled\nin the often-opposing directions of increased realism (high resolution, stereoscopic, large screen) and\npersonalisation (selection and control of content, availability on many devices). A capture, production, delivery and rendering system capable of supporting both these trends is being developed by the EU-funded\nFascinatE project. In this paper, different aspects of the format agnostic approach are discussed which we believe can be a promising concept for future media\nproduction and consumption. The different parts of the complete multimedia production and delivery process are revisited demonstrating the requirements\nand the potential of such an advanced concept.
Scalable and precise program analysis at NEC (2010)

The Systems Analysis & Verification Department at NEC Labs engages in foundational as well as applied research in the areas of verification and analysis of software and embedded systems. We have developed several tools and frameworks for scalable and precise analysis of programs, some of which are now used within the company on large software projects. This extended abstract highlights their main features and provides pointers to published papers with more details.