gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibers from Polymer Blends and Copolymers (2001)

No AccessStructure Formation in Polymeric FibersApr 2001Fibers from Polymer Blends and CopolymersDavid R. Salem, Rajendra K. Krishnaswamy, Donald G. BairdDavid R. Salem, Rajendra K. Krishnaswamy, Donald G. Bairdhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446456808.011SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2001Pages: 397-424Print ISBN: 978-3-446-18203-5eISBN: 978-3-446-45680-8 Copyright & Permissions© 2001 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Nanostructured Titania−Polymer Photovoltaic Devices Made Using PFPE-Based Nanomolding Techniques (2008)

We fabricated ordered bulk heterojunction photovoltaic (PV) cells using a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) elastomeric mold to control the donor−acceptor interfacial morphology within devices. Anatase titania nanostructures with postlike features ranging from 30 to 100 nm in height and 30 to 65 nm in spacing were fabricated using the Pattern Replication In Nonwetting Templates (PRINT) process. The nanostructured devices showed a 2-fold improvement in both short-circuit current (Jsc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) relative to reference bilayer cells. Additionally, the titania was functionalized with Z907 dye to increase both the short-circuit current (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc). As a result we observed a device efficiency (ηeff) of 0.6%, the highest recorded efficiency value so far for an imprinted titania−P3HT device.
Carbon-13 N.M.R. lanthanide-induced shift study of some D:A-friedooleananes (1984)

Carbon-13 n.m.r. signal assignments for D:A-friedooleanan-28-ol (1), D:A-friedooleanan-29-ol (2), D:A-friedooleanan-30-ol (3)D:a-friedooleanan-30-ol (4, D:A-friedooleanan-21a-ol (5) and 21a- hydroxy-D:A-friedooleanan-3-one (6) are reported. Lanthanide-induced shifts of the hydroxy compounds indicate that the oxygenation in the vicinity of ring E in these molecules does not affect the chair-chair-chair-twistboat-boat conformation proposed for D:A-friedooleananes.
Phenotypical and Functional Characterization of Clinical-Grade Dendritic Cells (2004)

Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells and form a promising new treatment modality. Fully activated DC loaded with antigen are very useful in stimulating immune responses, in particular those to combat cancer. Immature DC can either cause immunological tolerance or induce regulatory T-cells, opening up future application in transplantation, autoimmunity, and perhaps chronic inflammation. For these clinical applications, generation of DC under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions and without the use of animal products is a main prerequisite. To date, there are many different DC culture protocols, which subsequently lead to different types of DC. Protocols differ not only in DC preparation techniques, but also many other variables, like maturation status, dose and timing interval, route of administration, and antigen loading. DC vaccination, although very promising, is far from standardized. In this chapter we discuss the usefulness of standardized clinical and immunological criteria and the need for careful study design to further optimize the use of dendritic cells and to unequivocally prove their efficacy.
A CMOS Image Sensor forFluorescenceLifetime Imaging (2006)

Inthis paper, aCMOS imagesensor forfluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM)ispresented. Thefluorescence lifetime isapowerful tooltoanalyze molecules because thefluorescence lifetime reflects amolecule's structure, dynamics, andenviron- ments. Theproposed CMOS FLIMsensor consists ofpixel array torealize thesifting ability forfluorescence, noisecanceling columnreadout amplifiers, andoutput buffers. Thepixel has aphotodiode andanimageintensifier tosift fluorescence from theexcited light pulses. A prototype CMOS FLIM sensor with 320(H)x 80(V)pixels isdesigned andimplemented in0.18,um CMOS technology. Theresults showthattheCMOS FLIMsensor hastheability tosift fluorescence fromtheexcited light pulses using ablueandanultraviolet light-emitting diodes. Italso shows thattheCMOS FLIMsensor canmeasure thelifetime inawide rangeoffluorescence lifetime.
A LMI-based supervisory robust control for hybrid vehicles (2004)

The aim of this paper is to propose a robust approach to the development of supervisory control strategies for hybrid-electric drivetrains. The objective is to determine an output feedback controller that minimize fuel consumption with respect to a family of possible torque/power input profiles, e.g. urban driving cycles. A quasi-static energy model for the hybrid vehicle, based on a Willans lines model of the IC engine and electric motor, is derived. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a robust controller satisfying stability, L/sub 2/ gain attenuation between inputs and outputs of interest, and input/output bound constraints are derived by means of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).
CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer (2018)

Adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) is a new area of transfusion medicine involving the infusion of lymphocytes to mediate antitumor, antiviral, or anti-inflammatory effects. The field has rapidly advanced from a promising form of immuno-oncology in preclinical models to the recent commercial approvals of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to treat leukemia and lymphoma. This Review describes opportunities and challenges for entering mainstream oncology that presently face the CAR T field, with a focus on the challenges that have emerged over the past several years.
Suppression of human tumor cell proliferation through mitochondrial targeting (2002)

Intracellular calcium signaling plays a central role in cell proliferation. In leukemic cells, the calcium release-activated calcium channels provide a major pathway for calcium entry (I(CRAC)) perpetuating progression through the cell cycle. Although I(CRAC) is under mitochondrial regulation, targeting mitochondrial function has not been exploited to control malignant cell growth. The benzothiadiazine diazoxide, which depolarized respiration-dependent mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced the rate of proliferation and arrested human acute leukemic T cells in the G0/G1 phase. Diazoxide did not alter cellular energetics, but rather inhibited the mitochondria-controlled I(CRAC) and reduced calcium influx into tumor cells. The antiproliferative action of diazoxide was mimicked by removal of extracellular calcium or by the tyrphostin A9, an I(CRAC) inhibitor. Deletion of the mitochondrial genome, which encodes essential respiratory chain enzyme subunits, attenuated the inhibitory effect of diazoxide on I(CRAC)-mediated calcium influx and cell proliferation. Thus, manipulation of mitochondrial function and associated calcium signaling provides a basis for a novel anticancer strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis in Organic Synthesis. Part 6. First Use of an Acylase as Catalyst in the Irreversible Transacylation of Alcohols and Amines: Application to Selective Transformations. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Small sized band 20 SAW duplexer using low acoustic velocity Rayleigh SAW on LiNbO3 substrate (2017)

In recent years, numerous SAW filters and duplexers are used in each mobile terminal. In such situations, miniaturization of SAW devices has been required and various efforts have been carried out. As for current SAW devices, most of the surface area of a SAW die is filled with interdigital transducers (IDTs). A size of IDTs highly depends on the wave length of the SAW, which is proportional to the acoustic velocity. Therefore, lowering the acoustic velocity will be essential for further miniaturization. Nowadays, the Rayleigh SAW on LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LN) substrates with a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> overlay is widely used for temperature compensated SAW devices. Accordingly, lowering the acoustic velocity of this wave mode is significant for current mobile terminals.
Parallel synthesis with fluorous reagents and reactants (1999)

Fluorous reagents and reactants provide emerging new options in parallel synthesis because they are easily prepared, reacted, and then separated from the desired reaction products. Some background information on fluorous reaction and separation techniques is provided, and the utility of fluorous reagents and reactants is illustrated with a number of case studies that feature both liquid-liquid and solid-solid separations. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 19, No. 5, 432–438, 1999.
Outdoor Acoustic Event Identification using Sound Source Separation and Deep Learning with a Quadrotor-Embedded Microphone Array (2015)

We present acoustic event identification by integration of sound source separation and deep learning based on a convolutional neural network for extremely noisy acoustics signals captured with a 16 ch microphone array embedded in an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).We showed that the proposed method can identify over 98% sound sources correctly for a 10 class classification task using 16 ch recorded sound data with a microphone array embedded in a quadrotor.
Coating of TiO2 particles by chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 (1996)

A simple CVD process for coating titanium dioxide particles to improve dispersion , pigment durability, and resistance to viscosity increases in paints is presented. The conventionally used liquid‐phase routes are complicated and expensive and often lead to porous layers, which have high oil absorption, whereas the continuous, high temperature gas phase route described here produces dense layers of silica. The Figure shows a possible mechanism for the coating process. magnified image
Uptake of L-triiodothyronine into human cultured lymphocytes (1980)

The cellular uptake of [125I]L-triiodothyronine and its analogues was investigated in IM-9 human cultured lymphocytes. Uptake of L-triiodothyronine was one half maximal within 15 min of incubation and maximal within 45 min. The efflux of the hormone followed first order kinetics having a one half time of 15 min. Treating the cells with either the mitochondrial inhibitors antimycin-A and potassium cyanide, or lowering the incubation temperature to 12 degrees C, markedly reduced uptake. The uptake of [125I]L-triiodothyronine was saturable having an affinity constant (Kd) of 110 nM. When thyroid hormone analogues were studied D-triiodothyronine and triiodothyroacetic acid (analogues known to bind avidly to nuclear receptors) competed only weakly with [125I]L-triiodothyronine for uptake. These findings indicated the importance of the intact L-alanine side chain of the thyroid hormone molecule for its uptake into lymphocytes. Other studies, with cultured rat hepatocytes, demonstrated a similar saturable uptake system for [125I]L-triiodothyronine. These studies suggest, therefore, that the uptake of thyroid hormones and their analogues into cells may be an important step in the biological actions of these hormones.
Angiogenesis goes computational – The future way forward to discover new angiogenic targets? (2022)

Multi-omics technologies are being increasingly utilized in angiogenesis research. Yet, computational methods have not been widely used for angiogenic target discovery and prioritization in this field, partly because (wet-lab) vascular biologists are insufficiently familiar with computational biology tools and the opportunities they may offer. With this review, written for vascular biologists who lack expertise in computational methods, we aspire to break boundaries between both fields and to illustrate the potential of these tools for future angiogenic target discovery. We provide a comprehensive survey of currently available computational approaches that may be useful in prioritizing candidate genes, predicting associated mechanisms, and identifying their specificity to endothelial cell subtypes. We specifically highlight tools that use flexible, machine learning frameworks for large-scale data integration and gene prioritization. For each purpose-oriented category of tools, we describe underlying conceptual principles, highlight interesting applications and discuss limitations. Finally, we will discuss challenges and recommend some guidelines which can help to optimize the process of accurate target discovery.
New Dual-Probe Wireline Formation Testing and Sampling Tool Enables Real-Time Permeability and Anisotropy Measurements (2000)

Abstract A recently introduced wireline formation-testing tool incorporates new digital control technology to significantly improve formation pressure testing and fluid sampling. Closely spaced dual probes are simultaneously deployed for pressure testing and fluid sampling. Besides increasing tool reliability through redundancy, the two probes allow for advanced pressure-testing techniques. For example, formation anisotropy can be determined with an interference test between the two probes. Alternatively, a new pressure-pulsing technique can be used, which uses time delays between the probes’ measured pressures to determine additional hydraulic diffusive properties of the formation. The drawdowns can be rate- or pressure-controlled from either probe, making it suitable for pressure testing in very low to high permeability formations (0.001 to 1000 md). A primary focus of the new technology is improving the quality of reservoir fluid samples. An innovative pump-out design using a digital control feedback system enables the tester to continuously monitor the fluid sampled and to make precise adjustments to the rate and pressure at which the fluid is withdrawn from the formation and injected into a sample chamber. Because the tool design incorporates a powerful pumping-system motor and an efficient hydraulic system, invaded fluids surrounding the probes, such as mud filtrate, can be flushed 50% faster than other wireline test tools, thereby enabling quicker sampling of virgin formation fluids. Sample chambers can be filled against hydrostatic pressure to ensure pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) quality samples, and additional pressure can be applied to minimize phase changes that might otherwise occur because of temperature gradients in the borehole. The new system can also be used to perform a closed-chamber PVT test for the bubble point of the fluid sampled. This paper details operational features of the new tester and introduces new pressure-testing and sampling interpretation techniques. Field-test results are used to demonstrate these features and techniques.
Sub-10fs Ti:sapphire lasers (1996)

Progress in chirped mirror technology and recognizing the benefits of a ring oscillator for the generation of extremely short pulses have recently resulted resulted in the development of a mirror-dispersion-controlled (MDC) Ti:sapphire ring oscillator. This prototype MDC ring laser produces currently optical pulses comprising less than three optical cycles within their FWHM at a wavelength of Approx.800 nm. In strong contrast to any previous ultrashort-pulse oscillator design, its performance is merely limited by the phase-error-free bandwidth of the chirped mirrors currently available. Using this novel resonator design, any future progress in chirped mirror technology is expected to result in a further shortening of the pulses and hence pushing the limits of femtosecond technology.
1H NMR Signals from Urine Excreted Protein Are a Source of Bias in Probabilistic Quotient Normalization (2022)

Normalization to account for variation in urinary dilution is crucial for interpretation of urine metabolic profiles. Probabilistic quotient normalization (PQN) is used routinely in metabolomics but is sensitive to systematic variation shared across a large proportion of the spectral profile (>50%). Where <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is employed, the presence of urinary protein can elevate the spectral baseline and substantially impact the resulting profile. Using <sup>1</sup>H NMR profile measurements of spot urine samples collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the ISARIC 4C study, we determined that PQN coefficients are significantly correlated with observed protein levels (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.423, <i>p</i> < 2.2 × 10<sup>-16</sup>). This correlation was significantly reduced (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.163, <i>p</i> < 2.2 × 10<sup>-16</sup>) when using a computational method for suppression of macromolecular signals known as small molecule enhancement spectroscopy (SMolESY) for proteinic baseline removal prior to PQN. These results highlight proteinuria as a common yet overlooked source of bias in <sup>1</sup>H NMR metabolic profiling studies which can be effectively mitigated using SMolESY or other macromolecular signal suppression methods before estimation of normalization coefficients.
Offset energies at organic semiconductor heterojunctions and their influence on the open-circuit voltage of thin-film solar cells (2007)

Organic semiconductor heterojunction (HJ) energy level offsets are modeled using a combination of Marcus theory for electron transfer, and generalized Shockley theory of the dark current density vs voltage $(J\text{\ensuremath{-}}V)$ characteristics. This model is used to fit the $J\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics of several donor-acceptor combinations commonly used in thin film organic photovoltaic cells. In combination with measurements of the energetics of donor-acceptor junctions, the model predicts tradeoffs between the junction open-circuit voltage $({V}_{\mathrm{OC}})$ and short-circuit current density $({J}_{\mathrm{SC}})$. The ${V}_{\mathrm{OC}}$ is found to increase with light intensity and inversely with temperature for 14 donor-acceptor HJ materials pairs. In particular, we find that ${V}_{\mathrm{OC}}$ reaches a maximum at low temperature $(\ensuremath{\sim}175\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$ for many of the heterojunctions studied. The maximum value of ${V}_{\mathrm{OC}}$ is a function of the difference between the donor ionization potential and acceptor electron affinity, minus the binding energy of the dissociated, geminate electron-hole pair: a general relationship that has implications on the charge transfer mechanism at organic heterojunctions. The fundamental understanding provided by this model leads us to infer that the maximum power conversion efficiency of double heterostructure organic photovoltaic cells can be as high as 12%. When combined with mixed layers to increase photocurrent and stacked cells to increase ${V}_{\mathrm{OC}}$, efficiencies approaching 16% are within reach.
Ring-Chain Tautomerism in Organic Synthesis:  Synthesis of Heterocyclic Enamines from a Novel and Practical Formal Ring Transformation Reaction of Lactones (2003)

A novel approach to heterocyclic enamines has been developed from the formal ring transformation reaction of lactones. The synthesis comprises consecutive Reformatsky reaction of lactones and mesylation of the resulting mixture of ring-chain tautomers in a one-pot reaction, followed by cyclocondensation reaction with primary amines. The synthetic application of this method was demonstrated by a straightforward preparation of indolizidine compounds via N-(3-bromopropyl)-substituted enamine intermediates. The use of cheap and readily available materials and reagents under very mild conditions renders this formal ring transformation method practical and applicable in the preparation of various heterocyclic enamines that are the precursors for (poly)hydroxylated alkaloid derivatives.
Abstract 3514: A novel inhibitor of IDH1 abrogates 2-HG production and reverses aberrant epigenetic alterations in IDH1 mutant cells (2015)

Abstract The isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes are mutated in acute myelogenous leukemia, low-grade glioma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and chondrosarcomas. IDH1 and IDH2 normally function to convert isocitrate into alpha-ketoglutarate. However, when these enzymes are mutated at select residues the mutant enzymes now convert α-KG into 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). In normal cells, 2-HG levels are typically extremely low, but IDH1/2 mutant cells can accumulate up to 10 mM 2-HG. In an effort to counteract the neomorphic activity of mutant IDH enzymes, we identified and developed potent inhibitors of IDH1. The compounds inhibit IDH1 catalytic activity in biochemical assays and reduce 2-HG production in IDH1-mutant cell lines. Consistent with the fact that 2-HG inhibits α-KG dependent enzymes including histone demethylases and Tet family hydroxylases, these IDH1 inhibitors induce a decrease in several histone methylation marks and also DNA methylation. These data demonstrate that small molecule inhibitors can reverse many of the epigenetic effects of mutant IDH1. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Cynthia Rominger, Chad Quinn, Enoch Gao, Beth Pietrak, Alan Rendina, Angela Smallwood, Arthur Groy, Susan Korenchuk, Charles McHugh, Ken Wiggall, Alexander Reif, Stanley Schmidt, Hongwei Qi, Huizhen Zhao, Nestor Concha, Christopher Carpenter, Juan Luengo, Ryan Kruger, Benjamin Schwartz, Nicholas Adams, Michael T. McCabe. A novel inhibitor of IDH1 abrogates 2-HG production and reverses aberrant epigenetic alterations in IDH1 mutant cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3514. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3514
Experimental Performance of R-1234yf as a Drop-in Replacement for R-134a in Domestic Refrigerators (2012)

Concerns about anthropogenic climate change have generated an interest in low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants and have spawned policies and regulations that encourage the transition to low GWP refrigerants. Recent research has largely focused on hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), including R-1234yf (GWP = 4) as a replacement for R-134a (GWP = 1430) in automotive air-conditioning applications. While R-1234yf and R-1234ze (GWP = 6) have been investigated theoretically as a replacements for R-134a in domestic refrigeration, there is a lack of experimental evidence. This paper gives experimental performance data for R-1234yf and R-1234ze as drop-in replacements for R134a in two household refrigerators – one baseline and one advanced technology. An experiment was conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of R-134a to R-1234yf and R-1234ze, using AHAM standard HRF-1 to evaluate energy consumption. These refrigerants were tested as drop-in replacements, with no performance enhancing modifications to the refrigerators. In Refrigerator 1 and 2, R-1234yf had 2.7% and 1.3% higher energy consumption than R-134a, respectively. This indicates that R-1234yf is a suitable drop-in replacement for R-134a in domestic refrigeration applications. In Refrigerator 1 and 2, R-1234ze had 16% and 5.4% lower energy consumption than R-134a, respectively. In order to replace R-134a with R-1234ze in domestic refrigerators the lower capacity would need to be addressed, thus R-1234ze might not be suitable for drop-in replacement.