gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
12-pulse Rectifier with DC-Side Buck Converter for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging (2022)

&lt;p&gt;This paper presents the study of a 100kW electric vehicle (EV) fast charger based on a 12-pulse rectifier cascaded with two buck-type DC-DC converters. The proposed circuit operates with a triangular current shaping method which considerably improves the current harmonics performance of the system. The studied circuit is particularly suited for high power battery charging, being relatively simple to operate, requiring a low active semiconductor count (only two active switches), and because it employs circuit technologies well-established in the high power market. Above all, this EV fast charger meets the requirements of isolation, high efficiency, high output voltage and good power quality (low THD and unity power factor). This paper describes in detail the analytical modeling of the studied circuit, including the current harmonic input filter design which meets the grid standard requirement, and the loss modeling of the semiconductors and passive elements. The modeling and simulation results of the proposed 100 kW system are presented and analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;
Integration of neuromorphic AI in event-driven distributed digitized systems: Concepts and research directions (2023)

Increasing complexity and data-generation rates in cyber-physical systems and the industrial Internet of things are calling for a corresponding increase in AI capabilities at the resource-constrained edges of the Internet. Meanwhile, the resource requirements of digital computing and deep learning are growing exponentially, in an unsustainable manner. One possible way to bridge this gap is the adoption of resource-efficient brain-inspired "neuromorphic" processing and sensing devices, which use event-driven, asynchronous, dynamic neurosynaptic elements with colocated memory for distributed processing and machine learning. However, since neuromorphic systems are fundamentally different from conventional von Neumann computers and clock-driven sensor systems, several challenges are posed to large-scale adoption and integration of neuromorphic devices into the existing distributed digital-computational infrastructure. Here, we describe the current landscape of neuromorphic computing, focusing on characteristics that pose integration challenges. Based on this analysis, we propose a microservice-based conceptual framework for neuromorphic systems integration, consisting of a neuromorphic-system proxy, which would provide virtualization and communication capabilities required in distributed systems of systems, in combination with a declarative programming approach offering engineering-process abstraction. We also present concepts that could serve as a basis for the realization of this framework, and identify directions for further research required to enable large-scale system integration of neuromorphic devices.
Corrigendum: A Worm's World: Ecological Flexibility Pays Off for Free-Living Nematodes in Sediments and Soils (2019)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz086.].
Developing a web application for monitoring and management of Smart Grid neighborhoods (2013)

Significant effort is invested towards creating innovative applications for the emerging Smart Grid. However, many of these efforts use the old modus operandi of the energy domain providers i.e. offer of a monolithic application residing on proprietary or provider-only data, with little thought about cross-application collaboration and information exchange. However, the future of Smart Grid applications resides on sophisticated multi-channel applications that can rely on multi-source data and Internet provided basic services that can be easily customized for the specific end-user groups. Such a web application for monitoring and managing a Smart Grid neighborhood, where real-time energy monitoring, prediction and management of energy trading takes place, has been realized and piloted. We present here some of the key functionalities, as well as an assessment of the application and its design decisions.
Geobacter sulfurreducens’ Unique Metabolism Results in Cells with a High Iron and Lipid Content (2022)

Geobacter sulfurreducens is a ubiquitous iron-reducing bacterium in soils, and in engineered systems, it can respire an electrode to produce measurable electric current. Its unique metabolism, heavily dependent on an extensive network of cytochromes, requires a unique cell composition. In this work, we used metallomics, cell fraction and elemental analyses, and transcriptomics to study and analyze the cell composition of G. sulfurreducens. Elemental composition studies (C, H, O, N, and ash content) showed high C:O and H:O ratios of approximately 1.7:1 and 0.25:1, indicative of more reduced cell composition that is consistent with high lipid content. Our study shows that G. sulfurreducens cells have a large amount of iron (2 ± 0.2 μg/g dry weight) and lipids (32 ± 0.5% dry weight/dry weight) and that this composition does not change whether the cells are grown with a soluble or an insoluble electron acceptor. The high iron concentration, higher than similar microorganisms, is attributed to the production of cytochromes that are abundant in transcriptomic analyses in both solid and soluble electron acceptor growth. The unique cell composition of G. sulfurreducens must be considered when growing this microorganism for lab studies and commercial applications. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Geobacter sulfurreducens is an electroactive microorganism. In nature, it grows on metallic minerals by transferring electrons to them, effectively "breathing" metals. In a manmade system, it respires an electrode to produce an electric current. It has become a model organism for the study of electroactive organisms. There are potential biotechnological applications of an organism that can bridge the gap between biology and electrical signal and, as a ubiquitous iron reducer in soils around the world, G. sulfurreducens has an impact on the global iron cycle. We measured the concentrations of metals, macromolecules, and basic elements in G. sulfurreducens to define this organism's composition. We also used gene expression data to discuss which proteins those metals could be associated with. We found that G. sulfurreducens has a large amount of lipid and iron compared to other bacteria-these observations are important for future microbiologists and biotechnologists working with the organism.
Development of novel apoptosis-assisted lung tissue decellularization methods (2020)

Abstract Decellularized tissues hold great potential for both regenerative medicine and disease modeling applications. The acellular extracellular matrix (ECM)-enriched scaffolds can be recellularized with patient-derived cells prior to transplantation, or digested to create thermally-gelling hydrogels for 3D cell culture. Current methods of decellularization clear cellular components using detergents, which can result in loss of ECM proteins and tissue architectural integrity. Recently, an alternative approach utilizing apoptosis to decellularize excised murine sciatic nerves resulted in superior ECM preservation, cell removal, and immune tolerance in vivo . However, this apoptosis-assisted decellularization approach has not been optimized for other tissues with a more complex geometry, such as lungs. To this end, we developed an apoptosis-assisted lung tissue decellularization method using a combination of camptothecin and sulfobetaine-10 (SB-10) to induce apoptosis and facilitate gentle and effective removal of cell debris, respectively. Importantly, combination of the two agents resulted in superior cell removal and ECM preservation compared to either of the treatments alone, presumably because of pulmonary surfactants. In addition, our method was superior in cell removal compared to a previously established detergent-based decellularization protocol. Furthermore, thermally-gelling lung ECM proteins supported high viability of rat lung epithelial cells for up to 2 weeks in culture. This work demonstrates that apoptosis-based lung tissue decellularization is a superior technique that warrants further utilization for both regenerative medicine and disease modeling applications.
Real time scatterometry for profile control during resist trimming process (2009)

In situ and real time control of the different process steps in semiconductor device manufacturing becomes a critical challenge, especially for the lithography and plasma etching processes. Dynamic scatterometry is among the few solutions able to meet the requirement for in line monitoring. In this article, the authors demonstrate that dynamic scatterometry can be used as a real time monitoring technique during the resist trimming process. Different process parameters, such as chemistries and bias power, were used in the experiments for the demonstration; they discuss the influence of these different parameters on the measurement. For validation purposes, the dynamic scatterometry measurements are compared to three dimensional atomic force microscopy measurements made in the same process conditions. The agreement between both is excellent.
The Feasibility of Examining the Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Intestinal Metabolism: Prospective, Longitudinal Mechanistic Clinical Trial (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02710370; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02710370 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75HrQT8Dl).
Adaptability of nonnatural aromatic amino acids to the active center of the E. coli ribosomal A site (1993)

3'-N-Aminoacyl analogs of puromycin with nonnatural aromatic amino acids were synthesized and their inhibitory activity in E. coli in vitro protein synthesizing system was evaluated. The analogs with L-2-naphthylalanine, L-p-biphenylalanine, L-2-anthrylalanine and trans-L-p-phenylazophenylalanine were found to inhibit the protein synthesis with high efficiency. The inhibition suggests that these nonnatural amino acids are accepted by the active center of the E. coli ribosomal A site. A model for the adaptability of nonnatural aromatic amino acids to the active center is proposed.
Smooth Gear Shift Control System of Automatic Transmission Using Estimated Output Shaft Torque. (1995)

As for an automotive automatic transmission, a total control system using estimated output shat torque has been investigated in order to enhance drivability and improve fuel economy. The system provides efficient control for both engine and transmission, which leads to an enhancement of drivability by reducing shock during gear shifting. This paper describes a new smooth gear shift control method especially for 2-3 upshift using the total control system based on torque. A test vehicle equipped with an electronically controlled throttle valve has been developed and the effectiveness of the proposed control method has been verified.
A New Anti-CXCR4 Antibody That Blocks the CXCR4/SDF-1 Axis and Mobilizes Effector Cells (2016)

The type IV C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor (CXCR4) is expressed in a large variety of human cancers, including hematologic malignancies, and this receptor and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), play a crucial role in cancer progression. We generated a humanized immunoglobulin G1 mAb, hz515H7, which binds human CXCR4, efficiently competes for SDF-1 binding, and induces a conformational change in CXCR4 homodimers. Furthermore, it inhibits both CXCR4 receptor-mediated G-protein activation and β-arrestin-2 recruitment following CXCR4 activation. The binding of the hz515H7 antibody to CXCR4 inhibits the SDF-1-induced signaling pathway, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of downstream effectors, such as Akt, Erk1/2, p38, and GSK3β. Hz515H7 also strongly inhibits cell migration and proliferation and, while preserving normal blood cells, induces both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against neoplastic cells. In mouse xenograft models, hz515H7 displays antitumor activities with multiple hematologic tumor cell lines, with its Fc-mediated effector functions proving essential in this context. Furthermore, hz515H7 binds to primary tumor cells from acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma patients. Collectively, our results demonstrate two major mechanisms of action, making hz515H7 unique in this regard. Its potential as a best-in-class molecule is currently under investigation in a phase I clinical trial. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1890-9. ©2016 AACR.
Quantized spin-wave modes in magnetic tunnel junction nanopillars (2010)

We present an experimental and theoretical study of the magnetic field dependence of the mode frequency of thermally excited spin waves in rectangular-shaped nanopillars of lateral sizes $60\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}100$, $75\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}150$, and $105\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}190\text{ }{\text{nm}}^{2}$, patterned from MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions. The spin-wave frequencies were measured using spectrally resolved electrical-noise measurements. In all spectra, several independent quantized spin-wave modes have been observed and could be identified as eigenexcitations of the free layer and of the synthetic antiferromagnet of the junction. Using a theoretical approach based on the diagonalization of the dynamical matrix of a system of three coupled, spatially confined magnetic layers, we have modeled the spectra for the smallest pillar and have extracted its material parameters. The magnetization and exchange stiffness constant of the CoFeB free layer are thereby found to be substantially reduced compared to the corresponding thin-film values. Moreover, we could infer that the pinning of the magnetization at the lateral boundaries must be weak. Finally, the interlayer dipolar coupling between the free layer and the synthetic antiferromagnet causes mode anticrossings with gap openings up to 2 GHz. At low fields and in the larger pillars, there is clear evidence for strong nonuniformities of the layer magnetizations. In particular, at zero field, the lowest mode is not the fundamental mode but a mode most likely localized near the layer edges.
Induced Axial Chirality in the Biphenyl Core of the Proatropoisomeric, Cα‐Tetrasubstituted α‐Amino Acid Residue Bip in Peptides (2005)

Abstract An induced axial chirality in the biphenyl core of the 2′,1′:1,2;1′′,2′′:3,4‐dibenzcyclohepta‐1,3‐diene‐6‐amino‐6‐carboxylic acid (Bip) residue, a conformationally labile, atropoisomeric, C α ‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acid, was observed by CD and 1 H NMR spectroscopic techniques in the linear dipeptides Boc‐Bip‐Xaa*‐OMe where Boc= tert ‐butoxycarbonyl, OMe=methoxy, and Xaa*= D ‐ and/or L ‐ Ala, ‐Val, ‐Leu, ‐Phe, ‐(αMe)Val and ‐(αMe)Leu. Chiral induction was significantly lower in the isomeric dipeptides Boc‐Xaa*‐Bip‐OMe, with the Xaa* residue located at the N‐terminus of Bip, as well as in the cyclic dipeptide cyclo‐[Bip‐ L ‐ Ala]. The results obtained in solution were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis of a crystalline sample of Boc‐( R )‐Bip‐ D ‐Ala‐OMe.
Inhibition of Recombinant Human Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenases by Two Candidates for the Active Metabolites of Disulfiram (1997)

We expressed recombinant human cytosolic (ALDH1, high Km) and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2, low Km) in Escherichia coli and purified the enzymes to homogeneity to examine the nature of inhibition of human ALDH by disulfiram, its confirmed metabolite S-methyl N,N-diethylthiocarbamate (MeDTC) sulfoxide, and its proposed metabolite MeDTC sulfone. Disulfiram, MeDTC sulfoxide, and MeDTC sulfone, respectively, were potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.15 +/- 0.02 microM, 0.27 +/- 0.04 microM, and 0.12 +/- 0.02 microM for ALDH1, and 1.45 +/- 0.40 microM, 1.16 +/- 0.56, and 0.40 +/- 0.10 microM for ALDH2. Extensive dialysis did not restore the activity of the inactivated enzyme, indicating irreversible inhibition. Both the esterase and dehydrogenase activities of ALDH2 were inhibited to the same extent by MeDTC sulfone and sulfoxide, suggesting that both catalytic sites are closely linked. The time course of inhibition of ALDH appeared to be first-order for both MeDTC sulfone and MeDTC sulfoxide. Kitz and Wilson plots of the half-life of inactivation versus 1/[inhibitor] indicated that the reactions between ALDH and inhibitors were bimolecular. The pseudobimolecular rate constants (k3/KI) for the ALDH-inhibitor reactions were 1 x 10(5), 1 x 10(4), 3 x 10(3), and 1 x 10(3) s-1 M-1 ALDH1-sulfone, ALDH1-sulfoxide, ALDH2-sulfone, and ALDH2-sulfoxide, respectively. ALDH2 was not significantly protected from inactivation from either MeDTC sulfoxide or MeDTC sulfone by NAD alone, but high concentrations of NAD and acetaldehyde completely prevented inhibition. Since disulfiram is rapidly metabolized in vivo, it is believed that disulfiram is too short-lived to inhibit ALDH directly. The results of our study indicate that MeDTC sulfoxide and sulfone are potent inhibitors of human ALDH and are reasonable candidates for the proximal inhibitors of ALDH following disulfiram administration.
Bayesian Exponential Inverse Document Frequency and Region-of-Interest Effect for Enhancing Instance Search Accuracy (2016)

In this paper, we first analyze the discriminative power in the Best Match (BM) 25 formula and provide its calculation method from the Bayesian point of view. The resulting, derived discriminative power is quite similar to the exponential inverse document frequency (EIDF) that we have previously proposed [1] but retains more preferable theoretical advantages. In our previous paper [1], we proposed the EIDF in the framework of the probabilistic information retrieval (IR) method BM25 to address the instance search task, which is a specific object search for videos using an image query. Although the effectiveness of our EIDF was experimentally demonstrated, we did not consider its theoretical justification and interpretation. We also did not describe the use of region-of-interest (ROI) information, which is supposed to be input to the instance search system together with the original image query showing the instance. Therefore, here, we justify the EIDF by calculating the discriminative power in the BM25 from the Bayesian viewpoint. We also investigate the effect of the ROI information for improving the instance search accuracy and propose two search methods incorporating the ROI effect into the BM25 video ranking function. We validated the proposed methods through a series of experiments using the TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation instance search task dataset.
Search for Dark Matter in Events with Missing Transverse Momentum and a Higgs Boson Decaying to Two Photons inppCollisions ats=8  TeVwith the ATLAS Detector (2015)

Results of a search for new phenomena in events with large missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying to two photons are reported. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb^{-1} have been collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The observed data are well described by the expected standard model backgrounds. Upper limits on the cross section of events with large missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson candidate are also placed. Exclusion limits are presented for models of physics beyond the standard model featuring dark-matter candidates.
Gains and losses of DNA sequences in osteosarcomas by comparative genomic hybridization. (1995)

Our aim was to identify chromosomal regions that are likely to harbor previously unknown genes with an important role in the genesis of osteosarcoma. Comparative genomic hybridization was used to screen for losses and gains of DNA sequences along all chromosome arms in 11 tumors. Extensive genetic aberrations, with an average of 11 changes/tumor (range, 1-20), were found in 10 of the 11 specimens. High level amplifications of small chromosomal regions were detected in eight tumors. These involved the 12q12-q13 region (known to contain the SAS-MDM2 locus) and several previously unreported amplification sites such as 17p11-p12, 3q26, and Xq12. When all DNA sequence gains were evaluated, the gains at 8q and Xp were most common (45%). The most common losses of DNA sequences were seen at 2q, 6q, 8p, and 10p (36%). In conclusion, despite the very complex pattern of genetic changes in osteosarcomas, certain chromosomal regions appear to be affected more often than others. Most of these regions have not previously been reported to be implicated in osteosarcomas and may thus highlight locations of novel genes with an important role in the development and progression of these tumors.
Effect of Processing and Particle Size on the Properties and Morphology of MWCNT-Polymer and SiC-Polymer Composites (2019)

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of processing on the electrical properties and microstructure of MWCNTs/PMMA nanocomposites and the effect of particle size on SiC/PMMA composites. For the MWCNT composites, the mixing methods used were mechanical, solution, and melt mixing. Impedance spectroscopy, SEM, and optical microscopy were used to characterize the samples. Results show that the mechanically mixed composites have the lowest percolation threshold of 0.05 phr (0.05 wt % MWCNT). Melt mixed composites have the highest threshold of 4 phr (3.85 wt % MWCNT). Solution mixed composites have a percolation threshold of 2 phr (1.96 wt % MWCNT). Percolation theory was used to determine the percolation threshold and shows values very close to the experimental estimations. The microstructures are segregated, agglomerated, and randomly distributed for mechanically, solution, and melt mixed, respectively. These results indicate that the segregated microstructure allows for the CNTs to form a percolated network through the composite more easily. The equivalent circuits show that above percolation the CNT dominates the electrical properties and may be represented by a RL series circuit. Below or at percolation, the presence of PMMA plays a stronger role in the circuit. Silicon carbide/PMMA composites were fabricated using a mechanical mixing method using nano-, micro-, and whisker SiC. The results show clearly that the nanosized SiC reached percolation first at 2 phr (1.96 wt % SiC) and had a very defined microstructure. SiC whiskers were the opposite, with the least defined microstructure and a percolation at 10 phr (9.09 wt % SiC). The micron-sized SiC reached percolation at 7.5 phr (6.98 wt % SiC).
Arginine8 Vasopressin Potentiates the -Endorphin-Releasing Activity of Ovine Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (oCRF) in Vitro (1983)

The ability of arginine8 vasopressin (AVP) to potentiate the beta-endorphin-releasing activity of synthetic ovine corticotropin releasing factor (oCRF) was examined using an anterior-pituitary quarter assay. Both AVP and oCRF stimulated the release of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity (beta-END-I) in a dose-dependent manner, with AVP being approximately 10 times less effective than oCRF. Marked potentiation of beta-END-I release was observed when pituitary quarters were incubated in the presence of a combination of 0.5 nM oCRF and 1.0 nM AVP. Further potentiation was not observed when the higher doses of 1.0 nM oCRF and 2.0 nM AVP were tested in combination; however, maximal beta-END-I release may have been attained by the addition of 1.0 nM oCRF alone. These results suggest that AVP may play a role in the mediation of beta-endorphin release from the adenohypophysis.