gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Tissue factor expression at the site of inflammation: a cross-talk between inflammation and the blood coagulation system]. (2004)

Recent studies have revealed a close association of the blood coagulation system with inflammation and immune reactions. The products of the cascade reaction of blood coagulation can work as inflammatory mediators or immune modulators, and, vice versa, some inflammatory or immune stimuli are linked to induction of blood coagulation. First, tissue factor (the blood coagulation initiator), the monocyte/macrophage tissue factor expression regulatory factors associated with inflammation and immune reactions, and the assembly of coagulation factors on leukocytes were reviewed. Second, evidence of leukocyte tissue factor expression and subsequent fibrin deposition were demonstrated at sites of infection or allergic reactions, using immunohistochemical staining. Third, the progress in the investigation of thrombin was reviewed from the viewpoint of its effects on inflammation (vascular permeability enhancement, leukocyte chemotaxis, chemical mediator release, etc.) and immune reactions (T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, etc.). The evidence presented here indicates a cross-talk between blood coagulation and inflammatory and immune reactions, suggesting that the products of the clotting reaction (e.g., thrombin) in lesions are real-time markers of inflammatory diseases.
Opioid peptides. Structure-activity relationships in [beta-Ala4]dermorphin tetrapeptides. V. (1983)

We describe the synthesis and preliminary in vitro and in vivo pharmacological tests of six [beta-Ala4]tetrapeptides analogs of the opioid heptapeptide dermorphin H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2. The modification obtained by substituting beta-Ala4 for Gly4 provided further analogues with significant opioid activity.
Dynamics of light-induced water cleavage in colloidal systems (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamics of light-induced water cleavage in colloidal systemsDung Duonghong, Enrico Borgarello, and Michael GraetzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 16, 4685–4690Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00406a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00406a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2461Altmetric-Citations419LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generalized Architecture of a GaN-Based Modular Multiport Multilevel Flying Capacitor Converter (2023)

This article proposes a generalized gallium nitride (GaN)–based modular multiport multilevel flying capacitor architecture. In other words, the attractive flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) design and the full-bridge unfolding circuit are employed to develop a multiport multilevel converter architecture that fits various applications. Each module can be designed to contain any combination of AC and DC ports connected through DC-to-DC and DC-to-AC power conversion paths. These conversion paths are FCML topologies that can be designed with any number of levels; the DC-to-AC paths incorporate the full-bridge unfolding circuit. Two example prototypes with open-loop control, three-port and four-port, have verified this generalized architecture. A single-module 3-kW three-port four-level prototype with two DC ports and an AC port has achieved a compact size of 11.6 in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (4.8 in × 4.3 in × 0.56 in) and a high power density of 258.6 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The three ports are connected through DC-to-AC and DC-to-DC paths that have achieved peak efficiencies of 98.2% and 99.43%, respectively. The total harmonic distortion of the AC port's voltage and current are 1.26% and 1.23%, respectively. It operates at a high switching frequency of 120 kHz because of the GaN switches and has an actual frequency (inductor's ripple frequency) of 360 kHz thanks to the frequency multiplication effect of the FCML. The four-port prototype contains three dc ports and an AC port and achieved similar high figures of merit. These experimental results of the two prototypes of high efficiency, power density, and compact size are presented in this article and highlight this architecture's promising potential. The choice of the number of modules, ports, and levels depends on the application and its specification; therefore, this proposed generalized structure may serve as a reference design approach for various applications of interest.
Modification of hERG1 channel gating by Cd2+ (2010)

Each of the four subunits in a voltage-gated potassium channel has a voltage sensor domain (VSD) that is formed by four transmembrane helical segments (S1-S4). In response to changes in membrane potential, intramembrane displacement of basic residues in S4 produces a gating current. As S4 moves through the membrane, its basic residues also form sequential electrostatic interactions with acidic residues in immobile regions of the S2 and S3 segments. Transition metal cations interact with these same acidic residues and modify channel gating. In human ether-á-go-go-related gene type 1 (hERG1) channels, Cd(2+) coordinated by D456 and D460 in S2 and D509 in S3 induces a positive shift in the voltage dependence of activation of ionic currents. Here, we characterize the effects of Cd(2+) on hERG1 gating currents in Xenopus oocytes using the cut-open Vaseline gap technique. Cd(2+) shifted the half-point (V(1/2)) for the voltage dependence of the OFF gating charge-voltage (Q(OFF)-V) relationship with an EC(50) of 171 microM; at 0.3 mM, V(1/2) was shifted by +50 mV. Cd(2+) also induced an as of yet unrecognized small outward current (I(Cd-out)) upon repolarization in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner. We propose that Cd(2+) and Arg residues in the S4 segment compete for interaction with acidic residues in S2 and S3 segments, and that the initial inward movement of S4 associated with membrane repolarization displaces Cd(2+) in an outward direction to produce I(Cd-out). Co(2+), Zn(2+), and La(3+) at concentrations that caused approximately +35-mV shifts in the Q(OFF)-V relationship did not induce a current similar to I(Cd-out), suggesting that the binding site for these cations or their competition with basic residues in S4 differs from Cd(2+). New Markov models of hERG1 channels were developed that describe gating currents as a noncooperative two-phase process of the VSD and can account for changes in these currents caused by extracellular Cd(2+).
A new approach to design a frequency synthesizer using Direct Digital Synthesis technique (2008)

In this paper a new method to generate a high resolution Ka-band frequency synthesizer is presented. Using a DDS (direct digital synthesizer) as a central oscillator followed by a chain of precisely designed multipliers, a very high resolution and fast switching time Ka-band synthesizer with acceptable phase noise is achieved. The output power of Ka-band synthesizer is around -5 dBm all over 5 GHz bandwidth. To implement the design, a DDS having approximately 0.5 Hz resolution and proper phase noise around -145 dBc/Hz is used. The 330-400 MHz output frequency of the DDS is increased to the desired 24-29 GHz band.
Three-dimensional WDM optical module using a light-induced self-written (LISW) waveguide technology (2003)

We developed the bidirectional optical transceiver module that combined the two LED light sources of different wavelength and three-dimensional (3-D) optical waveguides. By using a light-induced self-written (LISW) technique, we fabricated and tested 3-D optical waveguide circuits for a plastic optical fiber (POF) WDM full-duplex communication module. Because of the large diameter of the POF, an optical waveguide has the advantages, as compared to conventional lens based modules, of a small size and optical low-loss features. The LISW waveguide enables optical components to connect automatically even if the circuit in the module is complex. In this paper, we demonstrate newly developed bidirectional WDM optical module containing 3-D optical circuits, i.e. a branching waveguide and a reflection waveguide, and their optical properties. The module using commercially available green and red LED was constructed and the two-way communication on IEEE1394-S100 (125Mbps) protocol was verified through 10m-length of POF.
A Superlattice Infrared Photodetector Integrated With Multiple Quantum Wells to Improve the Performance (2007)

An infrared photodetector using the structure of a 15-period superlattice (SL) integrated with 50-period multiple quantum wells (MQWs) is investigated. The MQWs are utilized to reduce the noise current power and to add the response range. From the results of current ratio and response, the photocurrent of the SL is not reduced by the additional MQWs but the dark current is. Hence, due to the low noise gain and low dark current, the maximum detectivity (D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> ) can occur at low negative bias. In addition, the photovoltaic response even appears at 80 K. It is observed that the photoelectron transport directions from the SL and the MQWs are opposite under zero bias. In comparison with the SL with a single barrier, this structure also demonstrates the higher photocurrent and lower dark current. From our experimental results, this structure is appropriate for the operation at low bias and high temperature. However, the tradeoff is the small operational voltage range
Crystal growth and evaluation of scintillation properties of Eu and alkali‐metal co‐doped LiSrAlF6 single crystals for thermal neutron detector (2012)

Abstract In recent work, Na co‐doping have found to improve the light output of Eu doped LiCaAlF 6 (Eu:LiCAF) for thermal neutron scintillator. We grew Eu 2% and alkali metal 1% co‐doped LiSAF crystals by Micro‐Pulling down method to understand the effect of alkali metal co‐doping on scintillation properties and mechanism compared with LiCAF. In photo‐ and α‐ray induced radio‐luminescence spectra of the all grown crystals, the emissions from d‐f transition of Eu 2+ were observed. Without relation to excitation source, decay times of co‐doped LiSAF were longer than Eu only doped one. The light yield of Na, K and Cs co‐doped LiSAF under 252 Cf neutron excitation were improved. Especially, K co‐doped Eu:LiSAF reached 33200 ph/n, which outperformed Eu only doped one by approximately 20% (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Additional rare variant analysis in Parkinson’s disease cases with and without known pathogenic mutations: evidence for oligogenic inheritance (2016)

Oligogenic inheritance implies a role for several genetic factors in disease etiology. We studied oligogenic inheritance in Parkinson's (PD) by assessing the potential burden of additional rare variants in established Mendelian genes and/or GBA, in individuals with and without a primary pathogenic genetic cause in two large independent cohorts totaling 7,900 PD cases and 6,166 controls. An excess (≥30%) of cases with a recognised primary genetic cause had ≥1 additional rare variants in Mendelian PD genes, as compared with no known mutation PD cases (17%) and unaffected controls (16%), supporting our hypothesis. Carriers of additional Mendelian gene variants have younger ages at onset (AAO). The effect of additional Mendelian variants in LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers, of which ATP13A2 variation is particularly common, may account for some of the variation in penetrance. About 10% of No Known Mutation-PD cases harbour a rare GBA variant compared to known pathogenic mutation PD cases (8%) and controls (5%), with carriers having earlier AAOs. Together, the data suggest that the oligogenic inheritance of rare Mendelian variants may be important in patient with a primary pathogenic cause, whereas GBA increases risk across all forms of PD. This study highlights the potential genetic complexity of Mendelian PD. The identification of potential modifying variants provides new insights into disease mechanisms by potentially separating relevant from benign variants and by the interaction between genes in specific pathways. In the future this may be relevant to genetic testing and counselling of patients with PD and their families.
Development of a new high transmission phase shift mask technology for 10 nm logic node (2016)

In this paper we will describe the development of a new 12% high transmission phase shift mask technology for use with the 10 nm logic node. The primary motivation for this work was to improve the lithographic process window for 10 nm node via hole patterning by reducing the MEEF and improving the depth of focus (DOF). First, the simulated MEEF and DOF data will be compared between the 6% and high T PSM masks with the transmission of high T mask blank varying from 12% to 20%. This resulted in selection of a 12% transmission phase shift mask. As part of this work a new 12% attenuated phase shift mask blank was developed. A detailed description and results of the key performance metrics of the new mask blank including radiation durability, dry etch properties, film thickness, defect repair, and defect inspection will be shared. In addition, typical mask critical dimension uniformity and mask minimum feature size performance for 10 nm logic node via level mask patterns will be shown. Furthermore, the results of work to optimize the chrome hard mask film properties to meet the final mask minimum feature size requirements will be shared. Lastly, the key results of detailed lithographic performance comparisons of the process of record 6% and new 12% phase shift masks on wafer will be described. The 12% High T blank shows significantly better MEEF and larger DOF than those of 6% PSM mask blank, which is consistent with our simulation data.
Investigating the Functions of Endogenous Neuraminidases Neu1 and Neu3 in Blood Cell and Protein Homeostasis (2020)

Neuraminidases cleave terminal sialic acid linkages on the glycans of glycoproteins and glycolipids. In some cases this exposes underlying galactose linkages that can be recognized by lectins including the endocytic hepatic Ashwell‐Morell receptor that thereby modulate protein function through endocytic clearance. Neuraminidases are widely distributed in vertebrates and microorganisms, although the neuraminidases of mammalian origin seems to differ from the microbial variants in genetic sequences and enzymatic properties. Four mammalian neuraminidases, encoded by NEU1‐4 , have been identified and characterized. Mice deficient in the lysosomal resident Neu1 have been reported with molecular features resembling sialidosis, a severe human lysosomal storage disorder, whilst Neu3 deficiency does not result in an obvious physiological phenotype. Neu1 is found in a complex with b‐galactosidase and protective protein/cathepsin A in the lysosome. The subcellular localization of Neu3 has been suggested to be the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments. Interestingly, the membrane attachment mechanism and topology is yet to be fully clarified, however Neu3 is commonly reported to be membrane‐associated. A variety of mammalian cell types express neuraminidases, including endothelial cells as well as hematopoietic lineages spanning platelets, monocytes, and the erythrocyte surface. Both Neu1 and Neu3 have been found in the bloodstream and in extracellular compartments, by one or more secretion mechanisms that are not fully defined. We have previously noted that circulating neuraminidase activity is measurable in normal mammalian blood at physiological pH, and de‐sialylate plasma proteins with increasing molecular age, and this was further demonstrated to result in lectin‐mediated clearance in the determinations of glycoprotein half‐lives. To further investigate the roles of each of these mammalian neuraminidases, we are using multiple approaches in Neu1‐ and Neu3‐deficient mice, including measurements with novel lectins that detect different types of sialic acid linkages and their modifications, among the endothelium and the surfaces of hematopoietic cells in parallel with comparative blood proteomics, flow cytometry, and other molecular identification strategies. These studies will be presented with our current findings that may provide further information regarding mammalian Neu activation and function in glycoprotein homeostasis. Support or Funding Information NIH grant HL131474. Post Doctoral Fellowship: Swedish Research Council dnr 2017‐00192.
Early Onset of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Fragmentation during Atresia of Preovulatory Ovarian Follicles in Rats1 (1996)

Atretic demise rather than ovulation is the ultimate fate of the vast majority of ovarian follicles in mammals, affecting 70-99.9% of the follicles in various species. Recent studies have established that atretic degeneration of follicles is an apoptotic process, heralded by endonuclease degradation of DNA at internucleosomal sites, which generates DNA fragments in size multiples of 185-200 bp that are seen as distinct ladder bands after agarose gel electrophoresis. Using the well-characterized model of inducing atresia of preovulatory follicles in vivo by hypophysectomy and analyzing DNA fragmentation by autoradiography of size-fractionated DNA labeled at the 3' ends by [12P] dideoxy-ATP, we have examined the timing of atretic changes. DNA degradation was related to morphological signs of atresia, ovulability, and changes in follicular steroidogenesis. Rats were hypophysectomized on the morning of the day of proestrus, after which largest follicles were collected at various times. DNA fragmentation was analyzed in groups of five follicles. The increase in DNA fragments of low molecular weight up to 4 h after hypophysectomy was negligible (101 +/- 10%; 0 h time = 100%) but progressed 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after hypophysectomy (143 +/- 20%, 168 +/- 27%, 235 +/- 29%, 3299 +/- 1075%, and 2249 +/- 805%, respectively; p < 0.03, n = 5). At 48 and 72 h, the extent of DNA degradation was higher than that observed in follicles cultured in a serum-free medium for 24 h. Likewise, staining of DNA by 4',6-diamido-2-phenylindole hydrochloride revealed apoptotic nuclei at 8 h after hypophysectomy (p < 0.01), and the percentage of such nuclei progressively increased afterwards. Thus, the increase in DNA fragmentation appeared concomitantly with atretic changes observed in previous studies (a decrease in ovulability at 6 h, and a spontaneous increase in progesterone accumulation and decrease in androgen and estrogen in follicles explanted 6 h after hypophysectomy) and preceded atresia detectable by morphological changes at 24 h. Detection of internucleosomal DNA degradation in preovulatory follicles early in the atretic cascade underscores the central role of apoptosis in ovarian follicle atresia.
Sacroiliac luxation in small animals: treatment options (2018)

The term sacroiliac luxation-fracture (SIL/F) denotes traumatic separation of the ilial wing from the sacrum. This injury typically results from a traumatic event (most commonly a road traffic accident) and consequently is often seen with concomitant pelvic and/or other orthopaedic injuries. When indicated, the method of choice for SIL/F repair is lag screw fixation, which can be achieved via open reduction and internal fixation or minimally invasive osteosynthesis. The prognosis is in part affected by proper orientation of the iliosacral screw and adequate screw purchase into the sacral body. While conservative management may yield good outcomes, pain associated with nerve damage as well as chronic instability of the SIL, along with concomitant orthopedic and soft tissue injuries, should be thoroughly considered when choosing this option.
Pioglitazone-Incorporated Nanoparticles Prevent Plaque Destabilization and Rupture by Regulating Monocyte/Macrophage Differentiation in ApoE −/− Mice (2016)

Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pioglitazone inhibited macrophage activation and atherosclerotic plaque ruptures in hyperlipidemic ApoE(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate a promising strategy with a favorable safety profile to prevent atherosclerotic plaque ruptures.
Role for G Protein Gβγ Isoform Specificity in Synaptic Signal Processing: A Computational Study (2002)

Computational modeling is used to investigate the functional impact of G protein-mediated presynaptic autoinhibition on synaptic filtering properties. It is demonstrated that this form of autoinhibition, which is relieved by depolarization, acts as a high-pass filter. This contrasts with vesicle depletion, which acts as a low-pass filter. Model parameters are adjusted to reproduce kinetic slowing data from different Gbetagamma dimeric isoforms, which produce different degrees of slowing. With these sets of parameter values, we demonstrate that the range of frequencies filtered out by the autoinhibition varies greatly depending on the Gbetagamma isoform activated by the autoreceptors. It is shown that G protein autoinhibition can enhance the spatial contrast between a spatially distributed high-frequency signal and surrounding low-frequency noise, providing an alternate mechanism to lateral inhibition. It is also shown that autoinhibition can increase the fidelity of coincidence detection by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in the postsynaptic cell. The filter cut, the input frequency below which signals are filtered, depends on several biophysical parameters in addition to those related to Gbetagamma binding and unbinding. By varying one such parameter, the rate at which transmitter unbinds from autoreceptors, we show that the filter cut can be adjusted up or down for several of the Gbetagamma isoforms. This allows for great synapse-to-synapse variability in the distinction between signal and noise.
Boron Effect on Sugar‐Based Organogelators (2020)

The reaction of several alkylglucosides with phenyl boronic acid permitted easy access to a series of alkylglucoside phenyl boronate derivatives. This type of compound has structures similar to those of known benzylidene glucoside organogelators except for the presence of a boronate function in place of the acetal one. Low to very low concentrations of these amphiphilic molecules produced gelation of several organic solvents. The rheological properties of the corresponding soft materials characterized them as elastic solids. They were further characterized by SEM to obtain more information on their morphologies and by SAXS to determine the type of self-assembly involved within the gels. The sensitivity of the boronate function towards hydrolysis was also investigated. We demonstrated that a small amount of water (5 % v/v) was sufficient to disrupt the organogels leading to the original alkylglucoside and phenyl boronic acid; an important difference with the stable benzylidene-based organogelators. Such water-sensitive boronated organogelators could be suitable substances for the preparation of smart soft material for topical drug delivery.