gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<em>In vitro</em> Method to Observe E-selectin-mediated Interactions Between Prostate Circulating Tumor Cells Derived From Patients and Human Endothelial Cells (2014)

Metastasis is a process in which tumor cells shed from the primary tumor intravasate blood vascular and lymphatic system, thereby, gaining access to extravasate and form a secondary niche. The extravasation of tumor cells from the blood vascular system can be studied using endothelial cells (ECs) and tumor cells obtained from different cell lines. Initial studies were conducted using static conditions but it has been well documented that ECs behave differently under physiological flow conditions. Therefore, different flow chamber assemblies are currently being used to studying cancer cell interactions with ECs. Current flow chamber assemblies offer reproducible results using either different cell lines or fluid at different shear stress conditions. However, to observe and study interactions with rare cells such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), certain changes are required to be made to the conventional flow chamber assembly. CTCs are a rare cell population among millions of blood cells. Consequently, it is difficult to obtain a pure population of CTCs. Contamination of CTCs with different types of cells normally found in the circulation is inevitable using present enrichment or depletion techniques. In the present report, we describe a unique method to fluorescently label circulating prostate cancer cells and study their interactions with ECs in a self-assembled flow chamber system. This technique can be further applied to observe interactions between prostate CTCs and any protein of interest.
HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins from Diverse Clades Differentiate Antibody Responses and Durability among Vaccinees (2018)

Induction of broadly cross-reactive antiviral humoral responses with the capacity to target globally diverse circulating strains is a key goal for HIV-1 immunogen design. A major gap in the field is the identification of diverse HIV-1 envelope antigens to evaluate vaccine regimens for binding antibody breadth. In this study, we define unique antigen panels to map HIV-1 vaccine-elicited antibody breadth and durability. Diverse HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins were selected based on genetic and geographic diversity to cover the global epidemic, with a focus on sexually acquired transmitted/founder viruses with a tier 2 neutralization phenotype. Unique antigenicity was determined by nonredundancy (Spearman correlation), and antigens were clustered using partitioning around medoids (PAM) to identify antigen diversity. Cross-validation demonstrated that the PAM method was better than selection by reactivity and random selection. Analysis of vaccine-elicited V1V2 binding antibody in longitudinal samples from the RV144 clinical trial revealed the striking heterogeneity among individual vaccinees in maintaining durable responses. These data support the idea that a major goal for vaccine development is to improve antibody levels, breadth, and durability at the population level. Elucidating the level and durability of vaccine-elicited binding antibody breadth needed for protection is critical for the development of a globally efficacious HIV vaccine.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The path toward an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine will require characterization of vaccine-induced immunity that can recognize and target the highly genetically diverse virus envelope glycoproteins. Antibodies that target the envelope glycoproteins, including diverse sequences within the first and second hypervariable regions (V1V2) of gp120, were identified as correlates of risk for the one partially efficacious HIV-1 vaccine. To build upon this discovery, we experimentally and computationally evaluated humoral responses to define envelope glycoproteins representative of the antigenic diversity of HIV globally. These diverse envelope antigens distinguished binding antibody breadth and durability among vaccine candidates, thus providing insights for advancing the most promising HIV-1 vaccine candidates.
Reconfigurable photonics-based millimeter wave signal aggregation for non-orthogonal multiple access (2022)

A reconfigurable optical-to-electrical signal aggregation is proposed, for the first time, using optical signal processing and photo-mixing technology. Two optically modulated quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signals are aggregated into a single 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signal and, simultaneously, carried over a 28-GHz millimeter wave (MMW) carrier using an optimized heterodyne beating process through a single photodiode. To demonstrate the system reconfigurability, aggregation of two optical binary phase-shift keying signals is mapped into MMW QPSK or four-level pulse amplitude modulation signals by controlling the relative phases and amplitudes, respectively, of the input signals. In addition, the aggregation of two 16-QAM signals into a 256-QAM signal and the aggregation of three QPSK signals into a 64-QAM format are achieved. Besides, we report the effect of laser phase noise on signal aggregation performance. The de-aggregation of the aggregated MMW signals is performed electrically using a successive interference cancellation algorithm. Moreover, a proof-of-concept experiment is conducted to validate the numerical simulations. Two 1-Gbaud BPSK (1 Gbps) and QPSK (2 Gbps) optical signals are optically transmitted over a 20-km single-mode fiber as MMW over fiber signals. Then, the signals are aggregated into QPSK (2 Gbps) and 16-QAM (4 Gbps) 28-GHz MMW signals, respectively. The aggregated signal is further transmitted over a 1-m wireless channel. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using bit error rate and error vector magnitude metrics.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Yeast centrosome components form a noncanonical LINC complex at the nuclear envelope insertion site. (2020)

Bipolar spindle formation in yeast requires insertion of centrosomes (known as spindle pole bodies [SPBs]) into fenestrated regions of the nuclear envelope (NE). Using structured illumination microscopy and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, we map protein distribution at SPB fenestrae and interrogate protein-protein interactions with high spatial resolution. We find that the Sad1-UNC-84 (SUN) protein Mps3 forms a ring-like structure around the SPB, similar to toroids seen for components of the SPB insertion network (SPIN). Mps3 and the SPIN component Mps2 (a Klarsicht-ANC-1-Syne-1 domain [KASH]-like protein) form a novel noncanonical linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex that is connected in both luminal and extraluminal domains at the site of SPB insertion. The LINC complex also controls the distribution of a soluble SPIN component Bbp1. Taken together, our work shows that Mps3 is a fifth SPIN component and suggests both direct and indirect roles for the LINC complex in NE remodeling.
Circuit-based induction motor drive reliability under different control schemes and safe-mode operation (2011)

This paper proposes a reliability modeling method for induction motor drives based on an equivalent dq0 circuit model. The machine input voltages or currents are modeled as sources dependent on states and commands. This enables reliability analysis for different control strategies. The method utilizes failure modes and effects analysis, Monte Carlo simulations, and Markov models. Different controllers, in addition to faults in the machine, power electronics, and sensors, are addressed. The control methods considered in the analysis include constant volts per hertz (V/f), indirect field-oriented control (IFOC), direct torque control (DTC), and feedback linearization control (FLC). Direct line operation (DLO) is also considered. The proposed circuit-based reliability modeling method is versatile and easy to implement in commercial circuit simulators. The simulation model, which is experimentally verified, uses a reliability tool to evaluate the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the drive. Results show that, as expected, V/f control has the highest MTTF, due to its independence from sensor feedback, but poor dynamics. Among the closed-loop controllers, IFOC and DTC are better for fast dynamics, simplicity, and acceptable MTTF, but FLC is shown to have the longest MTTF. A safe-mode control scheme is proposed under which the drive is shown to have an even longer MTTF than V/f.
Quantum Magnetotransport in InGaAs/InP at High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures (1995)

Quantum Hall effect and Shubnikov-de Haas effect measurements were made in two-dimensional electron gas in liquid phase epitaxially grown Ga0.47In0.53As/InP heterostructures in high magnetic fields in the temperature range from 4.2 K down to 60 mK. Two-dimensional electron gas concentrations and mobilities were in the range of (1 -3) x 1011 cm-2 and
Development and Validation of an Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detection Model by Large-Scale MicroRNA Profiling (2019)

What appears to be novel serum miRNA discriminant model was developed for the diagnosis of ESCC. A multicenter prospective study is ongoing to confirm the present observations.
Racial and other characteristics of human T cell leukemia/lymphoma (HTLV-I) and AIDS (HTLV-III) in Trinidad. (1985)

Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma was first recognised as a clinical entity in southwest Japan. Subsequently the Caribbean has been found to be another area where the disease is endemic, and sporadic cases have been identified in different parts of the world. The human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-I) is causally related to adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma. A subgroup of HTLV, designated HTLV-III, has recently been isolated from many patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and preAIDS, and there is now evidence that this variant is the primary cause of AIDS. This is the first report from Trinidad to describe 12 cases of adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma and 14 of AIDS. All were in patients of African descent. No cases were seen in subjects of East Indian descent, who, like those of African descent, comprise as much as 40% of the population. West Indians of African descent may have increased susceptibility to infection with both HTLV-I and HTLV-III.
Self-stabilized 3-5 µm frequency comb based on frequency-divide-by-two GaAs OPO (2016)

Degenerate optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) divide optical frequencies by two with only modest pumping, making them promising mid-infrared frequency comb sources. Our measurements show that our degenerate OPO preserves the frequency comb stability of the pump to sub-Hz levels. However, degenerate OPOs are often overlooked due to their interferometric cavity stabilization requirements. We find that the stability requirements of our system are actually much simpler, because thermal feedback results in self-stabilization. When the OPO is oscillating, absorption of the intracavity field increases the crystal temperature, and subsequently the effective cavity length, which is fortunately the right direction to stabilize degenerate oscillation in our system. Our OPO is based on an orientation-patterned GaAs crystal, pumped by a stabilized 2 W, 418 MHz, optically-referenced Tm frequency comb, generating a broadband, midinfrared frequency comb centered at 4 &mu;m. We have observed continuous OPO oscillation for almost an hour without cavity length feedback. These measurements show that a degenerate OPO can serve as a simple device to downconvert a frequency comb.
siPools: highly complex but accurately defined siRNA pools eliminate off-target effects (2014)

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are widely used as tool for gene inactivation in basic research and therapeutic applications. One of the major shortcomings of siRNA experiments are sequence-specific off-target effects. Such effects are largely unpredictable because siRNAs can affect partially complementary sequences and function like microRNAs (miRNAs), which inhibit gene expression on mRNA stability or translational levels. Here we demonstrate that novel, enzymatically generated siRNA pools-referred to as siPools-containing up to 60 accurately defined siRNAs eliminate off-target effects. This is achieved by the low concentration of each individual siRNA diluting sequence-specific off-target effects below detection limits. In fact, whole transcriptome analyses reveal that single siRNA transfections can severely affect global gene expression. However, when complex siRNA pools are transfected, almost no transcriptome alterations are observed. Taken together, we present enzymatically produced complex but accurately defined siRNA pools with potent on-target silencing but without detectable off-target effects.
Extender Unit and Acyl Carrier Protein Specificity of Ketosynthase Domains of the 6-Deoxyerythronolide B Synthase (2006)

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) catalyze the production of numerous biologically important natural products via repeated decarboxylative condensation reactions. Modular PKSs, such as the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS), consist of multiple catalytic modules, each containing a unique set of covalently linked catalytic domains. To better understand the engineering opportunities of these assembly lines, the extender unit and acyl carrier protein (ACP) specificity of keto synthase (KS) domains from modules 3 and 6 of DEBS were analyzed. These studies were undertaken with a newly developed didomain [KS][AT] construct, which lacks its own ACP domain and can therefore be interrogated with homologous or heterologous ACP or acyl-ACP substrates. By substituting the natural methylmalonyl extender unit with a malonyl group, a modest role was demonstrated for the KS in recognition of the nucleophilic substrate. The KS domain from module 3 of DEBS was found to exhibit a distinct ACP-recognition profile from the KS domain of module 6. On the basis of the above kinetic insights, a hybrid module was constructed ([KS3][AT3][KR5][ACP5][TE]) which displayed substrate recognition and elongation capabilities consistent with the natural module 3 protein. Unlike module 3, however, which lacks a ketoreductase (KR) domain, the hybrid module was able to catalyze reduction of the beta-ketothioester product of chain elongation. The high expression level and functionality of this hybrid protein demonstrates the usefulness of kinetic analysis for hybrid module design.
Optical neurochip for image processing (2005)

Motion detection using an optical neurochip is demonstrated for the first time. The chip is successfully utilized for motion detection determining such things as the target trace, speed and the direction of a moving object. The input to the chip is a moving pattern and the output is two-dimensional object trace. To implement motion detection, an internal analog memory function of the chip is used. Fast image processing for two-dimensional optical inputs is also demonstrated using the optical neurochip.
Multicast Addresses for Documentation (2012)

This document discusses which multicast addresses should be used for
documentation purposes and reserves multicast addresses for such use.
Some multicast addresses are derived from AS numbers or unicast
addresses. This document also explains how these can be used for
documentation purposes. This document is not an Internet Standards
Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.
Evaluating triggers using decision trees (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Evaluating triggers using decision trees Authors: Lance Obermeyer Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at AustinView Profile , Daniel P. Miranker Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at AustinView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '97: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Information and knowledge managementJanuary 1997 Pages 144–150https://doi.org/10.1145/266714.266885Published:01 January 1997Publication History 0citation396DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads396Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
11.1: Invited Paper : Switchable Reflective Displays Formed from Holographic Polymer‐Dispersed Liquid Crystals (H‐PDLCs) (2000)

Abstract Holographically formed polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H‐PDLC) films show excellent promise in the development of switchable transmissive and reflective diffractive optical elements. The use of holographic photopolymerization allows for the development of spatially periodic gratings of nano‐scale sized LC domains. Reflection gratings exhibiting blue, green or red colors can be routinely fabricated and electrical switching has been demonstrated. Reflective H‐PDLCs have been investigated in terms of their electro‐optical performance parameters and their potential as a viable display system. These films exhibit low switching fields, high contrast ratios, high transmission in the on and off states and fast switching speeds on the order of microseconds. The state of the art performance levels and existing challenges in this new technology are broadly discussed.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus-Infected Hepatocytes Induce ER-Stress and Apoptosis Crosstalk (2012)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widely distributed tick-borne member of the Nairovirus genus (Bunyaviridae) with a high mortality rate in humans. CCHFV induces a severe disease in infected patients that includes, among other symptoms, massive liver necrosis and failure. The interaction between liver cells and CCHFV is therefore important for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. Here, we described the in vitro CCHFV-infection and -replication in the hepatocyte cell line, Huh7, and the induced cellular and molecular response modulation. We found that CCHFV was able to infect and replicate to high titres and to induce a cytopathic effect (CPE). We also observed by flow cytometry and real time quantitative RT-PCR evidence of apoptosis, with the participation of the mitochondrial pathway. On the other hand, we showed that the replication of CCHFV in hepatocytes was able to interfere with the death receptor pathway of apoptosis. Furthermore, we found in CCHFV-infected cells the over-expression of PUMA, Noxa and CHOP suggesting the crosstalk between the ER-stress and mitochondrial apoptosis. By ELISA, we observed an increase of IL-8 in response to viral replication; however apoptosis was shown to be independent from IL-8 secretion. When we compared the induced cellular response between CCHFV and DUGV, a mild or non-pathogenic Nairovirus for humans, we found that the most striking difference was the absence of CPE and apoptosis. Despite the XBP1 splicing and PERK gene expression induced by DUGV, no ER-stress and apoptosis crosstalk was observed. Overall, these results suggest that CCHFV is able to induce ER-stress, activate inflammatory mediators and modulate both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways of apoptosis in hepatocyte cells, which may, in part, explain the role of the liver in the pathogenesis of CCHFV.
Comparative vasodilator effects of magnesium salts on rat mesenteric arterioles and venules. (1989)

In vivo studies were undertaken to investigate the comparative effects of different magnesium (Mg) salts (i.e., MgCl2, MgSO4, Mg acetate, Mg aspartate HCl) on arterioles (10-20 microns i.d.) and venules (15-30 microns i.d.) of the mesenteric circulation of the pentobarbitone-anesthetized rat. Perivascular administration of these Mg salts (topical doses = 0.1-100 mumoles) produced dose-dependent vasodilatation (5-50% increases in lumen size) of arterioles and venules almost instantaneously. Arterioles were more sensitive than venules to topical MgCl2 and MgSO4 but not to either Mg aspartate HCl or Mg acetate. Intra-arterial infusion of the Mg salts (1-40 mumoles/min, i.e., 5-400 mumol/kg/min for 20 min) at each dose produced vasodilatation, i.e. 10-80% increases in lumen size of mesenteric arterioles; doses above 10 mumoles/min sometimes produced bleeding from venules. Systemic i.v. infusion (1-40 mumoles/min) of all 4 Mg salts lowered systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure dose-dependently; however, the degree or presence of vasodilatation noted in the microvessels was not always correlated with the falls in arterial blood pressure. Intravenous administration of the Mg salts resulted in dose-dependent elevation in plasma Mg (0.3-4.7 mg/dl, over control levels); increments in plasma Mg were noted as soon as 1 min after the start of the infusion. Plasma Mg levels wre higher with inorganic salts and peaked more rapidly. Large i.v. doses of Mg salts (i.e., greater than 20 mumoles/min) induced some bleeding from the venules which varied with the anion. Administration of a variety of pharmacological receptor antagonists and a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor did not interfere with vasodilatation of arterioles or venules induced by Mg salts. These results indicate that magnesium ions: 1) are vasodilators of intact microscopic mesenteric resistance and capacitance microvessels; and 2) bring about vasodilatation by direct actions on microvascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, our data indicate that the anion associated with Mg appears to exert significant influences on microvascular tone.
Calcitic Microlenses As Part Of The Photoreceptor System In Brittle Stars (2002)

Echinoderms in general, and especially the brittlestars (Ophiuroidea) exhibit a wide range of responses to light intensity, from a largely light-indifferent behavior to pronounced color-change and rapid escape behavior. The latter reaction is particularly unexpected in these animals since it is usually associated with the presence of discrete photosensory organs. No specialized eyes have, however, been documented in brittlestars and their reactions to light have been linked to “diffuse” dermal receptors. Here we show that certain single calcite crystals used by brittlestars for skeletal construction are also a component of discrete photosensory organs, conceivably with a compound-eye function.
On Variational Inference for User Modeling in Attribute-Driven\n Collaborative Filtering (2020)

Recommender Systems have become an integral part of online e-Commerce\nplatforms, driving customer engagement and revenue. Most popular recommender\nsystems attempt to learn from users' past engagement data to understand\nbehavioral traits of users and use that to predict future behavior. In this\nwork, we present an approach to use causal inference to learn user-attribute\naffinities through temporal contexts. We formulate this objective as a\nProbabilistic Machine Learning problem and apply a variational inference based\nmethod to estimate the model parameters. We demonstrate the performance of the\nproposed method on the next attribute prediction task on two real world\ndatasets and show that it outperforms standard baseline methods.\n