gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thailand economic monitor : April 2011 (2011)

The pace of economic activity is gradually returning to pre-crisis levels. After a roller-coaster of sharp drops, vigorous rebounds and mild contractions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was up 4.8 percent in the last quarter of 2010 on a seasonally-adjusted annualized (SAAR) basis, closer to pre-crisis, normal levels. For 2010 as a whole, GDP expanded by 7.8 percent from 2009. Growth was broad-based, with significant contributions from external and domestic demands. Thailand's economy is one of the most energy intensive in the region because of the large (and growing) share of energy-intensive manufacturing in the economy and high proportion of cargo transported by trucks. Thailand can reduce its vulnerability to oil price shocks by raising fuel standards, improving tax incentives for conservation and relying more on rail for cargo transport.
Multilocus linkage identifies two new loci for a mendelian form of stroke, cerebral cavernous malformation, at 7p15-13 and 3q25.2-27 (1998)

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a Mendelian model of stroke, characterized by focal abnormalities in small intracranial blood vessels leading to hemorrhage and consequent strokes and/or seizures. A significant fraction of cases is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. Among Hispanic Americans, virtually all CCM is attributable to a founder mutation localized to 7q ( CCM1 ). Recent analysis of non-Hispanic Caucasian kindreds, however, has excluded linkage to 7q in some, indicating at least one additional CCM locus. We now report analysis of linkage in 20 non-Hispanic Caucasian kindreds with familial CCM. In addition to linkage to CCM1, analysis of linkage demonstrates linkage to two new loci, CCM2 at 7p13-15 and CCM3 at 3q25.2-27. Multilocus analysis yields a maximum lod score of 14.11, with 40% of kindreds linked to CCM1, 20% linked to CCM2 and 40% linked to CCM3, with highly significant evidence for linkage to three loci (linkage to three loci supported with an odds ratio of 2.6 x 10(5):1 over linkage to two loci and 1.6 x 10(9):1 over linkage to one locus). Multipoint analysis among families with high posterior probabilities of linkage to each locus refines the locations of CCM2 and CCM3 to approximately 22 cM intervals. Linkage to these three loci can account for inheritance of CCM in all kindreds studied. Significant locus-specific differences in penetrance are identified. These findings have implications for genetic testing of this disorder and represent an important step toward identification of the molecular basis of this disease.
1396: Tumor Size and Risk of Metastases in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Observation (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Tuesday, May 24, 2005, 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 20051396: Tumor Size and Risk of Metastases in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Observation Paul L. Crispen, Sam N. Chawla, Richard E. Greenberg, David Y.T. Chen, and Robert G. Uzzo Paul L. CrispenPaul L. Crispen More articles by this author , Sam N. ChawlaSam N. Chawla More articles by this author , Richard E. GreenbergRichard E. Greenberg More articles by this author , David Y.T. ChenDavid Y.T. Chen More articles by this author , and Robert G. UzzoRobert G. Uzzo More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35530-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1396: Tumor Size and Risk of Metastases in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Observation." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), pp. 378–379 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 378-379 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Paul L. Crispen More articles by this author Sam N. Chawla More articles by this author Richard E. Greenberg More articles by this author David Y.T. Chen More articles by this author Robert G. Uzzo More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
SOD1-positive aggregate accumulation in the CNS predicts slower disease progression and increased longevity in a mutant SOD1 mouse model of ALS (2019)

Non-natively folded variants of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), however the relative toxicities of these variants are controversial. Here, we aimed to decipher the relationships between the different SOD1 variants (aggregated, soluble misfolded, soluble total) and the clinical presentation of ALS in the SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mouse. Using a multi-approach strategy, we found that the CNS regions least affected by disease had the most aggregated SOD1. We also found that the levels of aggregated SOD1 in the spinal cord were inversely correlated with the disease progression. Conversely, in the most affected regions, we observed that there was a high soluble misfolded/soluble total SOD1 ratio. Taken together, these findings suggest that soluble misfolded SOD1 may be the disease driver in ALS, whereas aggregated SOD1 may serve to sequester the toxic species acting in a neuroprotective fashion.
Correction: Corrigendum: Small genomic insertions form enhancers that misregulate oncogenes (2017)

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14385.
Enantioselective separations by capillary GC on derivatized cyclodextrins. Part 2: Determination of enantiomeric excess of some racemic 2,3‐isopropylidene‐1,2,3‐cyclohexanetriol derivatives on permethyl α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrins (1994)

Abstract Capillary GC on permethyl α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrins has been applied to separate and quantify the enantiomers of some 2,3‐iso‐propylidene‐1,2,3‐cyclohexanetriol derivatives. Quantitative CGC data are compared to those obtained with chiral shift 1 H NMR.
Synthesis of two non‐peptidyl GnRH receptor antagonists via [14C]carbonylation (2003)

Abstract In support of a program to develop a new gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist, two 14 C labelled candidate tracers, 14 C‐1 and 14 C‐2 , were synthesized for utilization in metabolism studies. A slight modification of the Medicinal Chemistry route for the synthesis of the antagonists provided iodide 4 . Palladium (0) catalyzed [ 14 C] carbonylation of 4 proceeded in good chemical yield to afford acid 14 C‐3 which served as a common precursor to 14 C‐1 and 14 C‐2 . Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Phase I/II evaluation of RV1001, a novel PI3Kδ inhibitor, in spontaneous canine lymphoma (2018)

RV1001 exhibits good oral bioavailability, an acceptable safety profile, and biologic activity with associated inhibition of pAKT in dogs with B and T cell NHL. Data from these studies can be leveraged to help inform the design of future studies involving isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors in humans.
Use of a Food and Drug Administration-Approved Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Simulator to Evaluate and Optimize a Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (2012)

PDBASAL provides better postprandial glucose control than PID but is not appropriate for subjects whose basal requirements change with insulin sensitivity. Simulations used to compare different control strategies should assess this variability.
Optimal resource allocation in OFDMA downlink systems with imperfect CSI (2011)

In this paper, we address the problem of joint scheduling and resource allocation in the downlink of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based wireless network when the per-user SNR is known only in distribution. In particular, we consider sum-utility maximization over user schedules, powers, and code rates, subject to an instantaneous sum-power constraint. We consider both a “continuous” scenario where, during a time-slot, each OFDMA subchannel can be time-shared among multiple users and/or code rates, and a “discrete” scenario where no time-sharing is allowed. For the non-convex optimization problem arising in the continuous case, we propose an efficient exact solution. For the mixed-integer optimization problem arising in the discrete case, we propose a polynomial-complexity approximate solution and derive a bound on its optimality gap. We also provide a numerical study of goodput maximization for the SNR distribution that results from the use of pilot-aided MMSE channel estimation.
Fluorescence Endoscopy of Cathepsin Activity Discriminates Dysplasia from Colitis (2013)

These studies indicate that cathepsin substrate-based probe imaging correctly identifies dysplastic foci within chronically inflamed colons. Combined white light and NIRF endoscopy presents unique advantages that may increase sensitivity and specificity of surveillance colonoscopy in patients with CAC.
<title>FEL microscopy for the investigation of transient local heating in single living cells</title> (1993)

A free-electron laser (FEL) microscope has been constructed to perform spatially and spectrally resolved pump/probe experiments in single living cells. Picosecond infrared FEL pulses are absorbed by the sample and rapidly converted to heat. Excitation of localized fluorescent reporter molecules using a UV/VIS probe beam leads to thermally induced alterations in the radiative signal. Fluorescence-detected infrared (FDIR) spectra are generated from regions proximal to reporter molecules by varying the FEL pump wavelength. Sub- wavelength spatial resolution is a composite function of media thermal properties and probe selectivity.
Enantioselective Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of trans-Aziridines (2009)

A straightforward, five-step procedure for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure 2,3-disubstituted trans-aziridines has been developed starting from commercially available aldehydes. Hydroxynitrile lyase-mediated cyanohydrin formation provided cyanohydrins in excellent enantioselectivities and good yields. Subsequent formation of diastereomerically pure anti-amino alcohols via a one-pot Grignard addition-reduction sequence, Cu(II)-catalyzed diazotransfer, and triphenylphosphine-mediated reductive cyclization provided the corresponding trans-aziridines in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities.
Estimation of Post-Nonlinear Causal Models Using Autoencoding Structure (2020)

Discovering causal relations in complex systems is an important problem in many research fields. To describe such systems involving nonlinear causal relations, the post-nonlinear (PNL) causal model has been proposed. However, despite its identifiability, estimation methods of PNL model have not been developed as well as linear models. In this paper, we proposed a new estimation method of PNL model using an autoencoding structure. Our method estimates the model by minimizing two losses corresponding to two assumptions of PNL model: independence between the cause and the noise and invertibility of a nonlinear distortion. Experimental results on artificial data show that our method estimates underlying model satisfying both assumptions. In addition, the proposed method finds correct causal directions 1.5 times as many real-world problems as the existing method assuming linear causal relations.
Cryosurgical monitoring using electrical impedance tomography: 2D and 3D feasibility studies (2003)

The effectiveness of cryosurgery in treating tumors is highly dependent on knowledge of freezing extent, and therefore relies heavily on real-time imaging techniques for monitoring. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), which utilizes tissue impedance variation to construct an image, is very well-suited to cryosurgery since frozen tissue impedance is much higher than that of unfrozen tissue. In this study, we develop numerical models to evaluate the theoretical ability of EIT to image cryosurgery. We begin in the simplified 2D arena, and then extend this line of study to the more appropriate 3D realm. Our simulated finite element phantoms and pixel-based Newton-Raphson reconstruction algorithms were able to produce easily identifiable images of frozen regions within tissue. We hope that these findings will serve as a stepping stone in developing EIT as a promising supplement to existing cryosurgical monitoring techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF β,Γ‐UNSATURATED AMINO ACIDS BY THE STRECKER REACTION (1984)

Abstract Aus den substituierten Acroleinen (I) entstehen über die Imine (III) die Aminonitrile (IV), die salzsauer zu den Aminosäuren (V) hydrolysiert werden.
Iron(III) complexes of chiral bipyridine macrocycles as novel metallo-catalysts (1987)

R. B. Hopkins and A. D. Hamilton, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 171 DOI: 10.1039/C39870000171
Common processes drive the thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (2013)

Lignocellulosic biomass, a potentially important renewable organic source of energy and chemical feedstock, resists degradation to glucose in industrial hydrolysis processes and thus requires expensive thermochemical pretreatments. Understanding the mechanism of biomass breakdown during these pretreatments will lead to more efficient use of biomass. By combining multiple probes of structure, sensitive to different length scales, with molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal two fundamental processes responsible for the morphological changes in biomass during steam explosion pretreatment: cellulose dehydration and lignin-hemicellulose phase separation. We further show that the basic driving forces are the same in other leading thermochemical pretreatments, such as dilute acid pretreatment and ammonia fiber expansion.
Qualitative test for supramolecular complexation of C60 using a mesoporous silica (1997)

A new form of mesoporous silica with a surface area of 600 m 2 g - 1 , mean pore radius of 5.4 nm and total pore volume of 1.9 ml g - 1 uptakes C 60 in toluene; on removal of toluene or the addition of fullerene complexing agents the C 60 undergoes aggregation within the silica, identified by an inter-fullerene resonant transition at ca. 450 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Activity and Asymmetric Polarization at the Sodium/β′′‐Alumina Interface (1987)

Abstract have been studied by cyclic voltammetry with Na/β''‐Al2O3/Na cells.
Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides to the Cornea (2020)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are synthetic nucleic acids that recognize complementary RNA sequences inside cells and modulate gene expression. In this study, we explore the feasibility of ASO delivery to the cornea. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to test the efficacy of a benchmark ASO targeting a noncoding nuclear RNA, Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (<i>MALAT1</i>), in a human corneal endothelial cell line, <i>ex vivo</i> human corneas, and <i>in vivo</i> in mice. <i>In vivo</i> delivery was via intravitreal or intracameral injections as well as topical administration. The anti-<i>MALAT1</i> ASO significantly reduced expression of <i>MALAT1</i> in a corneal endothelial cell line. We achieved a dose-dependent reduction of target gene expression in endothelial tissue from <i>ex vivo</i> human donor corneas. <i>In vivo</i> mouse experiments confirmed <i>MALAT1</i> reduction in whole corneal tissue via intravitreal and intracameral routes, 82% and 71% knockdown, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Effects persisted up to at least 21 days, 32% (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and 43% (<i>P</i> < 0.05) knockdown, respectively. We developed protocols for the isolation and analysis of mouse corneal endothelium and observed reduction in <i>MALAT1</i> expression upon both intravitreal and intracameral administrations, 64% (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and 63% (<i>P</i> < 0.05) knockdown, respectively. These data open the possibility of using ASOs to treat corneal disease.
Mixed amide–malonate compound of hafnium as a novel monomeric precursor for MOCVD of HfO2thin films (2005)

The concept of introducing malonates as chelating ligands in combination with metal amides has yielded a new class of compounds which enable growth of HfO2 thin films at low deposition temperatures by liquid injection metalorganic chemical vapour deposition.
Simplified optoelectronic 3R regenerator using nonlinear electro-optical transformation in an electroabsorption modulator (2005)

A simplified optoelectronic 3R regenerator without electrical signal processing is demonstrated by utilizing the nonlinear electro-optical transfer function of an electroabsorption modulator. 3R regeneration of impaired 10-Gb/s RZ signals is demonstrated, verifying the proposed concept.
Neutral and Cationic Group 4 Complexes Containing Bis(borylamide) Ligands, [R2BNCH2CH2NBR2]2-(R = 2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2, M = Zr; R = Cyclohexyl, M = Ti, Zr, Hf) (1998)

Reaction of Li2(TripBen)(THF)4 ([(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2BNCH2CH2NB(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2]2- = (TripBen)2-) with ZrCl4(THF)2 in toluene cleanly provides (TripBen)ZrCl2. (TripBen)ZrCl2 can be alkylated with Grignard reagents to yield the dimethyl (2), diethyl (3), and dibutyl (4) derivatives, (TripBen)ZrR2. The structure of (TripBen)Zr(CD3)2 reveals that π bonding between boron and nitrogen results in one Trip ring on each boron being oriented over the two alkyl groups. The reaction between (TripBen)ZrMe2 and B(C6F5)3 in pentane yields colorless crystals of {(TripBen)ZrMe}{MeB(C6F5)3} (5a). The dialkyl complexes 2−4 react with [HNMe2Ph][B(C6F5)4] in toluene to yield free dimethylaniline and species that are identical to 5a according to NMR spectra. (CyBen)M(CH2SiMe3)2 complexes ([(cyclohexyl)2BNCH2CH2NB(cyclohexyl)2]2- = (CyBen)2-) are prepared by the reaction between Li2(CyBen)(ether) and M(CH2SiMe3)2Cl2(ether)x (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf). (CyBen)MI2 complexes are formed upon treating (CyBen)M(CH2SiMe3)2 complexes with iodine. A variety of (CyBen)MR2 species can be prepared, including those in which the alkyl contains β protons. The molecular structure of (CyBen)Zr(CH2CH3)2 shows it to be a relatively symmetric species in which one cyclohexyl ring on each boron is located directly over the two ethyl ligands. Diisobutyl complexes (CyBen)M(CH2CHMe2)2 react with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] in chlorobenzene at −30 °C to give the cations [(CyBen)M(CH2CHMe2)][B(C6F5)4], which are believed to be stabilized by coordination of chlorobenzene or toluene. Chlorobenzene solutions of [(CyBen)M(CH2CHMe2)(S)][B(C6F5)4] (M = Zr, Hf; S = chlorobenzene) polymerize 225 equiv of 1-hexene quantitatively at −30 °C to give regioregular poly(1-hexene) of high molecular weight (Mn = (0.4−1.3) × 105 g/mol) and high polydispersity (5−6).
Release of Growth Hormone by TRH in Intact Rats or in Intact or Hypophysectomized Rats bearing a Heterotopic Pituitary (1977)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was administered iv using ure-thane anesthesia to either intact female and male controls or intact (IT) or hypophysec-tomized (HT) rats of both sexes bearing an anterior pituitary (AP) graft under the kidney capsule. TRH at all the doses used (0.15, 0.6, and 1.2 μg) elicited a clear GH rise in both IT and HT rats, while only at the highest does (1.2 μg) was it effective in intact controls. Qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic studies performed on the in situ and ectopic pituitaries from IT female rats demonstrated that TRH stimulated exocytosis from the ectopic pituitary at all doses used, whereas only the highest TRH dose was capable of increasing the frequency of exocytosis from the pituitary in situ. The similar responsiveness to TRH of the ectopic pituitary irrespective of the presence of an in situ AP, rules out the possibility that peripheral hormonal factors (e.g., lack of estrogens or thyroid hormones) may play a crucial role in the preferential GH response to TRH present in HT rats.
Development and efficacy assessment of combination vaccines, with emphasis on acellular pertussis. (1998)

The number of vaccines suitable for infant immunization is increasing, leading to a need to co-administer them in combination or combos. The recent demonstration of high efficacy against whooping cough using DTPa vaccines makes it desirable to administer combos such as DTPaHBIPVHib. For all vaccines included, surrogate markers for protection exist, except for pertussis. The field efficacy studies performed with DTPa vaccines did not allow the establishment of a correlate for protection. We propose to use detailed serology and cell-mediated immunity markers obtained from infant immunization studies, as well as a mouse intranasal challenge model, to monitor the immune responses induced by DTPa-combos.
A Method for Turbocharging Single-Cylinder, Four-Stroke Engines (2018)

&lt;div&gt;Turbocharging can provide a low cost means for increasing the power output and fuel economy of an internal combustion engine. Currently, turbocharging is common in multi-cylinder engines, but due to the inconsistent nature of intake air flow, it is not commonly used in single-cylinder engines. In this article, we propose a novel method for turbocharging single-cylinder, four-stroke engines. Our method adds an air capacitor-an additional volume in series with the intake manifold, between the turbocharger compressor and the engine intake-to buffer the output from the turbocharger compressor and deliver pressurized air during the intake stroke. We analyzed the theoretical feasibility of air capacitor-based turbocharging for a single-cylinder engine, focusing on fill time, optimal volume, density gain, and thermal effects due to adiabatic compression of the intake air. Our computational model for air flow through the intake manifold predicted an intake air density gain of 37-60% depending on heat transfer rates; this density translates to a proportional to power gain. An experimental setup was constructed to measure peak power, density gain, and manifold pressure. With an air capacitor seven times the volume of engine capacity, our setup was able to produce 29% more power compared to natural aspiration. These results confirm our approach to be a relatively simple means for increasing power density in single-cylinder engines. Therefore, turbocharging single-cylinder engines using an air capacitor can provide a lower cost alternative for increasing the power-output in diesel-powered machinery such as tractors, generators, and water pumps, when compared to adding an additional cylinder.&lt;/div&gt;
Re: TP53INP1 as New Therapeutic Target in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2013)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 May 2013Re: TP53INP1 as New Therapeutic Target in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.01.067AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: TP53INP1 as New Therapeutic Target in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 189(5), pp. 1990–1991 © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 5May 2013Page: 1990-1991 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...