gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Particle Separation inside a Sessile Droplet with Variable Contact Angle Using Surface Acoustic Waves (2016)

A sessile droplet of water carrying polystyrene microparticles of different diameters was uniformly exposed to high frequency surface acoustic waves (SAWs) produced by an interdigitated transducer (IDT). We investigated the concentration behavior of the microparticles as the SAWs generated a strong acoustic streaming flow (ASF) inside the water droplet and exerted a direct acoustic radiation force (ARF) on the suspended particles, the magnitude of which depended upon the particle diameter. As a result of the ARF, the microparticles were concentrated according to their diameters at different positions inside the sessile droplet placed in the path of the SAW, right in front of the IDT. The microparticle concentration behavior changed as the sessile droplet contact angle with the substrate was varied by adding surfactant to the water or by gradually evaporating the water. The positions at which the smaller and larger microparticles were concentrated remained distinguishable, even at very different experimental conditions. The long-term exposure of the droplets to the SAWs was accompanied by the gradual evaporation of the carrier fluid, which dynamically changed the droplet contact angle as well as the concentration of particles. Complete evaporation of the fluid left behind several concentrated yet separated clusters of particles on the substrate surface. The effect of the droplet contact angle on particles' concentration behavior and consequent separation of particles has been uniquely studied in this SAW-based report.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Pathways to Aryl‐Substituted Indenes: Efficient Synthesis of Ligands and the Respective ansa‐Zirconocenes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three-dimensional object-oriented modeling of the stomach for the purpose of microprocessor-controlled functional stimulation (2002)

Three-dimensional (3-D) object-oriented models are needed for optimizing gastric electrical stimulation by performing virtual computer experiments. The aim of the study was to create a 3-D object-oriented electromechanical model of the stomach in vivo for the purpose of microprocessor controlled functional stimulation. The stomach was modeled using coaxial truncated conoids as objects. The strength of an external stimulating electric field generated by circumferentially implanted wire electrodes is related to artificial neurogenic and myogenic control of smooth muscle depolarization and contraction. Variation of the field strength modulates the frequency and concentration of acetylcholine release, as well as the transmembrane voltage of the muscle cells. Mechanical response of the stimulated tissue was quantified by two parametric functions of the electric field strength representing the relative contractile force and geometrical displacement of the gastric surface. Data from previously conducted canine experiments were used to test the validity of the model. The model was applied to simulate contractions with different positions, orientation and number of the circumferentially implanted stimulating electrodes. The model combined most of the existing theoretical and experimental findings concerning functional gastric stimulation and can be utilized as a flexible tool for virtual medical tests involving external high-frequency (50 Hz) neural stimulation.
Scaling behavior of ferroelectric FET with reduction in number of domains in ferroelectric layer (2021)

Abstract With the gate-length scaling, the number of domains in FeFET is reduced to a few or a single domain. In this paper, we investigate the effect of multi-domains versus few/single-domain behavior in FeFET. The abrupt polarization switching behavior of a single-domain is obtained by modifying the Preisach model in which the difference between saturation and remnant polarization ( P s − P r ) is reduced. We show that for the same program/erase voltage, a two-times higher memory window can be achieved with single/few-domains FeFET than the multi-domain FeFET. Further, at fixed program/erase voltage, the scaling behavior shows improved variability due to increased polarization-induced vertical field with single-domain FeFET. We present an optimized device with a single-domain FeFET having a low operating voltage of ±2.4 V but with the same device performance that can be achieved for multi-domain FeFET having a higher operating voltage of ±5 V, which is highly promising for low power applications.
Surgical Techniques for Staged Revision of the Chronically Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty. (2011)

Infection after total knee arthroplasty is a rare yet devastating complication requiring multiple hospitalizations, operations, and outpatient visits placing a significant burden on both patient and treating surgeon. Two-stage exchange protocols for the treatment of the chronically infected total knee arthroplasty remain the standard of care in the United States. Thorough debridement, use of antibiotic spacers, treatment with parenteral antibiotics, and delayed reimplantation have resulted in treatment success rates greater than 90%. The use of antibiotic cement spacers has led to increased range of motion, preservation of the joint space, and maintenance of cleaner soft tissue plains making surgery at the time of reimplantation less arduous. This article describes our current surgical technique used for two-stage revision of the chronically infected total knee including: (1) exposure, (2) implant removal and debridement, and (3) construction of both static and mobile antibiotic spacers.
Genetic Variant Near PLXDC2 Influences the Risk of Primary Open-angle Glaucoma by Increasing Intraocular Pressure in the Japanese Population (2017)

The genetic variant near the PLXDC2 gene was found to influence the risk of POAG by increasing IOP in the Japanese population.
Efficient Schemes for Compressed-Domain Image Resizing (2009)

Fast schemes for compressed-domain image size change, are proposed. Fast Winograd DCTs are applied to resizing images by a factor of two to one. First, we speed up the DCT domain downsampling scheme which uses the bilinear interpolation. Then, we speed up other image resizing schemes which use DCT lowpass truncated approximations. The schemes proposed here reduce the computational complexities significantly, while there is no difference in the overall quality of the images compared to previous works.
Recent progress in genetic and epigenetic research on type 2 diabetes (2016)

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a common complex metabolic disorder that has a strong genetic predisposition. During the past decade, progress in genetic association studies has enabled the identification of at least 75 independent genetic loci for T2DM, thus allowing a better understanding of the genetic architecture of T2DM. International collaborations and large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies have made these achievements possible. However, whether the identified common variants are causal is largely unknown. In addition, the detailed mechanism of how these genetic variants exert their effect on the pathogenesis of T2DM requires further investigation. Currently, there are ongoing large-scale sequencing studies to identify rare, functional variants for T2DM. Environmental factors also have a crucial role in the development of T2DM. These could modulate gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA regulation. There is evidence that epigenetic changes are important in the development of T2DM. Recent studies have identified several DNA methylation markers of T2DM from peripheral blood and pancreatic islets. In this review, we will briefly summarize the recent progress in the genetic and epigenetic research on T2DM and discuss how environmental factors, genetics and epigenetics can interact in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
Relationship between bond dissociation energies and activation energies for bond scission reactions (1994)

Abstract Bond dissociation energies are frequently derived from values of the high pressure activation energy for bond scission reactions. The value derived depends on the transition state structure chosen for the reaction. We consider several models of the transition state and show that the variation in derived BDE values can be quite substantial, 3 to 6 kcal/mol at the high temperatures of pyrolysis kinetics. Application of the restricted Gorin model of the transition state results in BDE values in good agreement with current thermochemistry, while the other models tested result in lower to much lower values. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Beam Broadening for 5G Millimeter Wave Systems (2019)

Fifth generation (5G) wireless systems will use higher frequency bands (24GHz-70GHz), the so-called millimeter wave frequencies in order to achieve higher capacity. These systems rely on using large antenna arrays and narrow beamforming to counter the large path-loss experienced. Narrow beamforming maximizes array gain but results in a significant increase in beam management complexity, and is sensitive to channel dynamics as well. This, in-turn attracted attention towards beam-broadening algorithms, where a trade-off between high transmission quality and robustness can be achieved. In this paper, a novel beam-broadening algorithm based on Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) is proposed. Numerical results show up to 3 dB performance gain in comparison to competing beam broadening algorithms. It is worth noting that the performance gain is achieved at no additional cost.
Cross tumor type chromosomal instability subtype analysis (2022)

Cross tumor type chromosomal instability subtype analysisWe conducted a study on the tumor subtypes chromosomal instability (CIN) and genomic stable (GS), which are not well-studied in endometrial, colorectal, and gastric cancers.To distinguish between CIN and GS tumors, we developed a new computational tool called CINDetect that uses various genomic sequencing methods, including targeted panel sequencing.With a database of 4618 tumor samples that includes multiple types of omics data, such as whole exome sequencing, panel sequencing, RNA sequencing, and singlecell RNA sequencing, we searched for differences between CIN and GS samples by tumor type and combined them.We found that CIN and GS samples in endometrial cancer differed in numerous ways, while in colorectal cancer, the main difference was a high frequency of TP53 and its effects on gene expression and copy number changes.Gastric cancer fell between the two.However, CIN samples in all tumor types had many deletions and amplifications that offer opportunities for targeted therapy, including genes such as ERBB2 and VEGFA, which were amplified in all three tumor types.Our single-cell RNA sequencing data showed that the CIN micro-environment changes to support faster angiogenesis, further supporting VEGFA as a potential therapeutic target.We developed an AI algorithm that uses H&E histological images to classify samples as CIN vs GS, with an AUC score of 0.8.In conclusion, our study sheds light on the unique characteristics of CIN and GS tumors and their potential therapeutic targets.
Surgical and endovascular management of symptomatic posterior circulation fusiform aneurysms (2007)

Certain posterior circulation aneurysm locations (PCA, VA-PICA, and BA-VBJ) represent separate disease entities affecting patients at different ages with distinct patterns of presentation, treatment options, and outcomes. Favorable overall long-term outcome can be achieved in 90% of patients with PCA aneurysms, in 60% of those with VA-PICA aneurysms, and in 39% of those with BA-VBJ aneurysms when using endovascular and surgical techniques. The natural history of the disease was poor in patients with incomplete aneurysm thrombosis after treatment.
On the Design of Temporal Compression Strategies for Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks (2015)

Recent advances in energy harvesting devices and low-power embedded systems are enabling energetically self-sustainable wireless sensing systems able to sense, process, and wirelessly transmit environmental data. In such systems, energy resources need to be judiciously allocated to processing and transmission tasks to guarantee high-fidelity reconstruction of the phenomenon under observation while keeping the system operational over extended periods of time. Within this context, this paper addresses the problem of designing efficient policies to control the task of lossy data compression for wireless transmission over fading channels in the presence of a stochastic energy input process and a replenishable energy buffer. As a first contribution, the transmission and energy dynamics of a sensor node implementing practical lossy compression methods are modeled as a constrained Markov decision problem (CMDP). Then, an algorithm is designed to derive optimal compression/transmission policies through a Lagrangian relaxation approach combined with a dichotomic search for the Lagrangian multiplier, while also obtaining theoretical results on the optimal policy structure. Furthermore, a thorough numerical evaluation of optimal and heuristic policies is conducted under different scenarios. Finally, the impact of practical operating conditions, including perfect versus delayed channel state information and power control, is evaluated.
Hybrid Nanofiber Growth: One‐Pot Synthesis of Functional Helicoidal Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Nanofibers with Periodically Organized Mesoporosity (Adv. Funct. Mater. 18/2009) (2009)

Luminescent nanofibers are grown with controlled alignment of twisted nanochannels, as described by K. Valle and co-workers on page 2896. Tuning of the main synthesis parameters (sol-gel conditions, temperatures, choice of surfactants and inorganic precursors) allows the fine control of morphology, porosity-architecture, and organic chemical functionalization in order to prepare useful functional nanofibers.
Near-Infrared Twelve-Channel Wavelength Division Demultiplexer on A Semi-insulating GaAs Substrate (1993)

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and demultiplexing (WDDM) devices have been under intensive research for the past 15 years. Many WDMs and WDDMs that use absorption and/or interference filters[1,2] and diffraction gratings[3-6] have been reported. Wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing is a promising technique for both optical communication and sensing systems. Multiplexing an array of signal carriers with different optical frequencies greatly enhances the transmission capacity and the application flexibility of an optical communication system. The dispersion characteristic of the diffraction grating provides an opportunity to employ WD(D)M devices for optical encoders[7,8] to detect both linear and rotational positions. We have developed four-channel visible (543, 594.1, 611.9 and 932.8 nm) , five-channel near IR (730, 750, 780, 810 and 840 nm), eight-channel (740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, and 810nm) near IR and ten-channel near IR single-mode wavelength division demultiplexers using a graded index (GRIN) polymer waveguide in conjunction with a highly multiplexed waveguide hologram[9,10] Due to the index tunability of the polymer guide, the reported device can be implemented on high refractive index substrates such as GaAs and Si[11,12,13]
WS-attestation: efficient and fine-grained remote attestation on Web services (2005)

This paper proposes WS-attestation, attestation architecture on Web services framework. We aim at providing software oriented, dynamic and fine-grained attestation mechanism that leverages TCG technologies to increase trust and confidence in integrity reporting. In addition, the architecture allows efficient binding of attestation with application context, privacy protection, as well as infrastructural support for attestation validation.
B2K: The polarization-sensitive BOOMERanG experiment (2002)

We describe the new BOOMERanG payload, which is being prepared for a new circum-antarctic flight, with the aim to detect the linear polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). In addition to polarization capabilities, obtained by means of special bolometers, the instrument has been improved in the attitude reconstruction system and in the calibration system.
Neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y18‐36 Structural and biological characterization (1989)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-residue peptide amide, has been shown by numerous studies to be a potent vasoconstrictor. In order to gain an appreciation of the structural requirements for this action, we have previously synthesized a number of fragments of NPY. It had been shown that sequential deletions from the N-terminus resulted in peptides with decreasing hypertensive activity. In the present study we present data supporting the unexpected finding of two fragments, NPY17-36 and NPT18-36 with substantial hypotensive action in vivo. This action was dose dependent (data not shown) and was also observed to a lesser extent with NPY19-36 but not NPY16-36 or NPY20-36. It was, however, slower in onset and of longer duration than the hypertensive action of NPY. These differing kinetics of action may suggest that NPY and NPY18-36 act through different mechanisms. Structural studies using circular dichroism were performed. While NPY was found to assume an ordered helical structure in both aqueous buffer and trifluoroethanol (TFE), 30% TFE in aqueous buffer was required to induce substantial helicity for NPY18-36. This structural investigation suggests that both NPY and NPY18-36 assume an ordered conformation upon reaching the lipid rich receptor environment.
Rare Histological Type of Adenoma of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Epithelium (2019)

We report the rare case of an adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE). A 67-year-old healthy man presented with a regularly shaped and nonpigmented mass at the iris root of his right eye. His best-corrected visual acuity was 1.5 with normal intraocular pressure. During observation, the size of the tumor remained stable for 1.5 years but then rapidly grew, extending through the iris, and gradually enlarged to the point of compressing the iris. Ultimately, an iridocyclectomy with scleral resection under a lamellar scleral flap was performed. The histopathologic features of the resected tissue were consistent with adenoma of the NPCE. Histopathological analysis showed that the tumor consisted of both tubular and solid components. There were solid lesions inside of the ciliary epithelium and tubular lesions outside. We observed positive immunoreactivity to vimentin and cytokeratin CK (AE1/AE3) and negative reactivity to S-100 and CD68, both rarely associated with adenoma of NPCE. During 1 year of follow-up after the iridocyclectomy, no signs of tumor recurrence were observed.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Spatially Resolved Metabolic Phenotyping of Breast Cancer by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. Association of metabolomic DESI MSI profiles of normal glandular and tumor tissue with tumor type.&lt;/p&gt;
Pain management using photobiomodulation: Mechanisms, location, and repeatability quantified by pain threshold and neural biomarkers in mice (2018)

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a simple, efficient and cost-effective treatment for both acute and chronic pain. We previously showed that PBM applied to the mouse head inhibited nociception in the foot. Nevertheless, the optimum parameters, location for irradiation, duration of the effect and the mechanisms of action remain unclear. In the present study, the pain threshold in the right hind paw of mice was studied, after PBM (810 nm CW laser, spot size 1 or 6 cm<sup>2</sup> , 1.2-36 J/cm<sup>2</sup> ) applied to various anatomical locations. The pain threshold, measured with von Frey filaments, was increased more than 3-fold by PBM to the lower back (dorsal root ganglion, DRG), as well as to other neural structures along the pathway such as the head, neck and ipsilateral (right) paw. On the other hand, application of PBM to the contralateral (left) paw, abdomen and tail had no effect. The optimal effect occurred 2 to 3 hours post-PBM and disappeared by 24 hours. Seven daily irradiations showed no development of tolerance. Type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors decreased, and prostatic acid phosphatase and tubulin-positive varicosities were increased as shown by immunofluorescence of DRG samples. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of PBM for pain and provide insights for clinical practice.
Endogenous Steroids Measured by High-Specificity Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in 70-Year-Old Men and Women (2010)

Prevalent CVD was associated with indications of lower androgen precursors, increased aromatase activity, and higher estrogen levels in both sexes. Results might represent an endogenous response to a condition of developing atherosclerosis, rather than a causative relationship. Furthermore studies are needed.
Enzyme-mediated synthesis of (1S)-1-amino-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (2000)

Hydrolysis of bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate with pig liver esterase afforded (1R)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in high enantiomeric excess. Via a Curtius type reaction with DPPA this compound was rearranged to (1S)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1-[(N-ethoxycarbonyl)amino]-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate. Final alkaline hydrolysis gave (1S)-1-amino-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.
Evaluation of the Capabilities of a Hemoglobin Vesicle as an Artificial Oxygen Carrier in a Rat Exchange Transfusion Model (1997)

Encapsulation of hemoglobin within a liposome is one of the strategies in the development of artificial oxygen carriers. It maintains the oxygen transporting properties of hemoglobin and, at the same time, eliminates the side effects of cell free hemoglobin. Hemoglobin vesicles (HbV) are a type of liposome encapsulated hemoglobin. They have a particle size of approximately 250 nm, a hemoglobin concentration of 10 g/dl, and the oxygen affinity, P50, is regulated to 32 Torr. In this study the authors examined the oxygen transporting capability of HbV in vivo, by performing exchange transfusions in rats. Exchange transfusion (90% of the estimated circulatory volume) with HbV suspended in 5% albumin (containing 160 mEq/L, sodium and 107 mEq/L, chloride) was carried out in male Wistar rats. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were monitored through the arterial catheter. Arterial blood samples for gas analyses were also obtained from the arterial catheter. Abdominal aortic blood flow was measured by an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flowmeter as an indicator of cardiac output. The oxygen tension of blood withdrawn from the right atrium was measured as an indicator of mixed venous oxygen tension. These values were employed to calculate oxygen delivery and consumption. Renal cortical and skeletal muscle tissue oxygen tensions were monitored as indicators of tissue perfusion. Five percent albumin and washed rat red blood cells suspended in 5% albumin containing 10 g/dl of hemoglobin; were employed as controls. At the completion of a 90% exchange transfusion, renal cortical and skeletal muscle tissue oxygen tensions, along with oxygen delivery and consumption, were sustained almost equally well with the HbV suspension compared to the washed rat red blood cell suspension, but declined significantly with the albumin suspension. The results indicate that the oxygen transporting capability of HbV was almost equivalent to that of rat red blood cells.