gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic layer deposition of high purity Ga2O3 films using liquid pentamethylcyclopentadienyl gallium and combinations of H2O and O2 plasma (2020)

The liquid compound pentamethylcyclopentadienyl gallium (GaCp*) exhibits several notable characteristics, including a relatively high vapor pressure and thermal stability up to 250 °C. Using it as a precursor, Ga2O3 thin films can be deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), with the combination of oxidants of H2O followed by O2 plasma (WpO), where H2O is used to desorb the ligand, and O2 plasma then oxidizes the surface Ga species. A self-limiting surface reaction during the ABC-type ALD process applying GaCp*, H2O, and O2 plasma in order was observed with no delay in nucleation for pulse times for GaCp*, H2O, and O2 plasma of 0.1, 3.0, and 50 s, respectively, at a growth temperature of 200 °C. The growth rate was 0.06 nm/cycle. ALD-Ga2O3 deposition was possible even if only O2 plasma was used as an oxidant, though it takes a very long time for the oxidation by O2 plasma to reach saturation. On the other hand, when no O2 plasma was used, no film could be deposited using H2O and O2 in any combination. Ga2O3 films deposited by ALD using the WpO oxidant exhibited a stoichiometric O/Ga ratio of 1.5, with negligible residual carbon and an amorphous structure. These results show that GaCp* is a promising candidate precursor for forming high quality Ga2O3 films.
Construction of a Unidirectional cDNA Library from a Radioresistant Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line in an Epstein Barr Virus Shuttle Vector (1991)

The identification and cloning of genes in the absence of knowledge of their corresponding proteins presents a challenge that may be overcome using expression vectors that complement a given phenotype. This approach involves the transfection of the cDNA of cells expressing a selectable phenotype into cells which lack this phenotype. The methodology requires a very high transfection efficiency, low background of spontaneous acquisition of the phenotype and is ultimately limited to identification of dominant genes. In this study we have sought to test the utility of an extrachromosomal-based host-vector system to identify the gene which confers the radiation sensitive phenotype to immortalized ataxia telangiectasia (AT) fibroblasts (1,2,3,4). We have adopted a protocol which allows for extrachromosomal maintenance of plasmids in host cells to effectively retrieve genes after transfection. This protocol is based on the phenomenon that in human or primate cell lines expressing the Epstein Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1), plasmids that contain the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) origin of replication (Ori P) sequences will not integrate into the genome of host cells and will be maintained episomally (5,6,7).
SHAPER:a self-healing algorithm producing multi-hop bluetooth scattERnets (2004)

This paper deals with scatternet formation in Bluetooth. A scatternet is an ad hoc network of Bluetooth devices. Some works in the literature rely on the single-hop hypothesis, i.e., all devices are in radio visibility of each other. Other works refer to the more likely circumstance that devices are scattered in an area where some of them can not directly communicate. A challenging issue in this latter scenario (often referred to as multi-hop) is the design of a formation algorithm that: i) operates in a distributed way; ii) dynamically adapts the topology to the mobility of devices; iii) forms a scatternet with given topological properties. In this paper a distributed algorithm for scatternet formation that gives rise to a tree-like structure is introduced. The algorithm is shown to present three key properties that make it innovative with respect to the literature in the field: i) it is fully distributed and asynchronous; ii) it can be applied in a multi-hop environment; iii) it operates in order to dynamically adapt the topology to nodes' mobility and failures. The key steps and rules of the algorithm are described and performance results obtained by simulation are discussed.
Coolant transfer coupling with integrated dynamo for rotor with HTS windings (2020)

Most superconducting synchronous machines employ HTS field excitation windings on the rotor operating at cryogenic temperature. These windings are usually cooled by coolant supplied from a stationary source to the rotor with rotary couplings. Closed loop gaseous helium couplings have been employed on mega-watt size machines operating at both low speed and high speed. However, these couplings were marred with leaking of cryogen out of the closed loop and needed periodic replenishment. This undesirable problem has been recognized long ago but no suitable solution has emerged in the open literature. Currently, the HTS machines are being considered for the aerospace applications, wherein leakage of cryogen from closed loop is highly undesirable. This paper presents a concept that prevents the cryogen leakage and/or its collections it for returning to the closed cooling loop. An option is also explored to include an HTS dynamo for providing the field excitation without current leads. This concept would need de-risking before using in the motors and generators for the aerospace applications. Possible cryogens for cooling include gaseous helium, Neon, H2 and N2.
Modeling and control of a joint driven by pneumatic actuator (2009)

Recently, research and development has focused on robots that work in place of people. It is necessary for robots to perform the same flexible motions as people. Additionally, such robots need to incorporate high-level safety features in order not to injure people. For creation of such robots, we need to develop a robot hand that functions like a human hand. At the same time, this type of robot hand can be used as an artificial hand. Here, we present artificial muscle-type pneumatic actuators as the driving source of a robot hand that is both safe and flexible. Some development of robot hands using pneumatic actuators has already taken place. However, until now, when a pneumatic actuator is used, a big compressor is needed. Therefore, the driving system also needs to be big, and enlargement of the driving system is a major problem. Consequently, in this research, we develop a low-pressure, low-volume pneumatic actuator for driving a robot hand that works flexibly and safely on the assumption that it will be in contact with people. We develop a five-fingered robot hand with pneumatic actuators. Next, we make a 1-link arm that has one degree of freedom using a pneumatic actuator, and models of the actuator and 1-link arm are constructed. A control PID control system is constructed, and the gains of the PID control system are determined by the simulation that uses the model of the 1-link arm. The step response of the joint angle is examined with the determined gains, and control performance of the PID control system is verified.
Doping Engineering Enables Highly Conductive and Thermally Stable n-Type Organic Thermoelectrics with High Power Factor (2019)

This work exploits the scope of doping engineering as an enabler for better-performing and thermally stable n-type organic thermoelectrics. A fullerene derivative with polar triethylene glycol type side chain (PTEG-1) is doped either by “coprocessing doping” with n-type dopants such as n-DMBI and TBAF or by “sequential doping” through thermal deposition of Cs2CO3. Solid-state diffusion of Cs2CO3 appears to dope PTEG-1 in the strongest manner, leading to the highest electrical conductivity of ∼7.5 S/cm and power factor of 32 μW/(m K2). Moreover, the behavior of differently doped PTEG-1 films under thermal stress is examined by electric and spectroscopic means. Cs2CO3-doped films are most stable, likely due to a coordinating interaction between the polar side chain and Cs+-based species, which immobilizes the dopant. The high power factor and good thermal stability of Cs2CO3-doped PTEG-1 make it very promising for tangible thermoelectric applications.
The Application of Microreactors for Small Scale Organic Synthesis (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Characterization of 63Sn37Pb and 80Au2OSn solder sealed optical fiber feedthroughs subjected to repetitive thermal cycling (2001)

A highly accurate prediction of hermeticity lifetime is made for eutectic 63Sn37Pb and 80Au20Sn alloy solder sealed optical fiber-Kovar/sup TM/ nosetube feedthroughs subjected to repetitive thermal cycling. Thermal fatigue fracture of the Sn-Pb solder/Kovar/sup TM/ interface develops when cracks, initially generated from creep deformation of the solder, propagate gradually through the junction in the axial direction. A nonlinear axisymmetric finite element analysis of the 63Sn37Pb fiber feedthrough seal is performed using a thermo-elastic creep constitutive equation, and solder joint fatigue based on accumulated strain energy associated with solder creep imposed by temperature cycling is analyzed. Additionally, thermal effective stress and plastic strain is studied for alternative 80Au20Sn solder by the finite element method with results indicating significant increase in useful life as compared to 63Sn37Pb. SEM/EDX metallurgical analysis of the solder/Ni-Au plated Kovar/sup TM/ nosetube interface indicates that AuSn/sub 4/ intermetallic formed during soldering with 63Sn37Pb also contributes to joint weakening, whereas no brittle intermetallic is observed for 80Au20Sn. Hermetic carbon coated optical fibers metallized with Ni,P-Ni underplate and electrolytic Au overplating exhibit correspondingly similar metallurgy at the solder/fiber interface. Combined hermeticity testing and metallurgical analysis carried out on 63Sn37Pb and 80Au20Sn alloy solder sealed optical fiber feedthroughs after repetitive temperature cycling between -65 and +150/spl deg/C, and -40 and +125/spl deg/C validated the analytical approach.
Signal Representation With Unity-Weight Dirac Impulses (2012)

A periodic and band-limited signal is represented by a periodic sequence of unity-weight Dirac impulses. If the signal contains B harmonics and the signal amplitude is below a particular limit, at least Dirac impulses within one period are required for signal representation. The spectrum of the impulses in the signal band is identical to the spectrum of the signal itself. A real-valued signal designated as “algebraic signal” can be associated with the input signal, whose zero crossings indicate the positions of the Dirac impulses. The relationship to a signal representation based on frequency modulation is investigated. From the analysis derived for periodic signals, a straightforward signal processing concept applicable to general signals is developed.
Antenna selection with RF pre-processing: robustness to RF and selection non-idealities (2005)

Multiple antenna transmitter and receiver architectures that combine antenna selection with RF pre-processing have been shown to significantly outperform conventional antenna selection with the same number of RF chains. Often, performance close to a full complexity architecture (with more RF chains) is also achieved. This work studies the effect of hardware and signal processing non-idealities on such architectures. We show that they are robust to quantization, phase, and calibration errors introduced by RF phase-shifters, and also to the channel estimation errors. While insertion loss does lead to performance degradation, performance better than conventional antenna selection is observed for typical insertion loss values.
Lyapunov functions for uncertain systems with applications to the stability of time varying systems (1994)

This paper has three contributions. The first involves polytopes of matrices whose characteristic polynomials also lie in a polytopic set (e.g. companion matrices). We show that this set is Hurwitz or Schur invariant if there exist multiaffinely parameterized positive definite, Lyapunov matrices that solve an augmented Lyapunov equation. The second result concerns uncertain transfer functions with denominator and numerator belonging to a polytopic set. We show all members of this set are strictly positive real if the Lyapunov matrices solving the equations featuring in the Kalman-Yakubovic-Popov Lemma are multiaffinely parameterized. Moreover, under an alternative characterization of the underlying polytopic sets, the Lyapunov matrices for both of these results admit affine parameterizations. Finally, we apply the Lyapunov equation results to derive stability conditions for a class of linear time varying systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiplicity features of adiabatic autothermal reactors (1992)

Abstract Singularity theory, large activation energy asymptotics, and numerical methods are used to present a comprehensive study of the steady‐state multiplicity features of three classical adiabatic autothermal reactor models: tubular reactor with internal heat exchange, tubular reactor with external heat exchange, and the CSTR with external heat exchange. Specifically, we derive the exact uniqueness‐multiplicity boundary, determine typical cross‐sections of the bifurcation set, and classify the different types of bifurcation diagrams of conversion vs. residence time. Asymptotic (limiting) models are used to determine analytical expressions for the uniqueness boundary and the ignition and extinction points. The analytical results are used to present simple, explicit and accurate expressions defining the boundary of the region of autothermal operation in the physical parameter space.
Minimizing Graphene Defects Enhances Titania Nanocomposite-Based Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 for Improved Solar Fuel Production (2011)

With its unique electronic and optical properties, graphene is proposed to functionalize and tailor titania photocatalysts for improved reactivity. The two major solution-based pathways for producing graphene, oxidation-reduction and solvent exfoliation, result in nanoplatelets with different defect densities. Herein, we show that nanocomposites based on the less defective solvent-exfoliated graphene exhibit a significantly larger enhancement in CO(2) photoreduction, especially under visible light. This counterintuitive result is attributed to their superior electrical mobility, which facilitates the diffusion of photoexcited electrons to reactive sites.
Tailoring ECC for Special Attributes: A Review (2012)

This article reviews the tailoring of engineered cementitious composites (ECC), a type of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites with a theoretical design basis, for special attributes or functions. The design basis, a set of analytic tools built on micromechanics, provides guidelines for tailoring of fiber, matrix, and fiber/matrix interfaces to attain tensile ductility in ECC. If conditions for controlled multiple cracking are disturbed by the need to introduce ingredients to attain a special attribute or function, micromechanics then serve as a systematic and rational means to efficiently recover composite tensile ductility. Three examples of ECCs with attributes of lightweight, high early strength, and self-healing functions, are used to illustrate these tailoring concepts. The fundamental approach, however, is broadly applicable to a wide variety of ECCs designed for targeted fresh and/or hardened characteristics required for specific applications.
A Research on an Intelligent Line Device for Increasing the Utilization of Solar Energy (2018)

A simple off-grid photovoltaic system consists of at least photovoltaic cells, solar controllers and batteries. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, the efficiency of solar controllers and the accuracy of maximum power tracking algorithms directly affect the utilization of solar energy of photovoltaic system. But in the fixed state of each product characteristic of the system, the management mode between the components will play an important role in the utilization rate of the solar energy system. This paper proposes an intelligent line device, which can adjust the arrangement of photovoltaic cells and the working state of solar controllers according to the inherent characteristics of existing system configurations, so that the system can work in an optimal state for a longer period of time. The test data of the off-grid PV site with 18KW photovoltaic cells shows that the device can accurately identify and isolate faulty photovoltaic cells. The use of the intelligent line device on sunny and cloudy days can increase about 1.0Kwh and 1.8Kwh of the solar power generation on average.
Analysis and approximation of a finite-range jump process via radial basis function methods. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Underground Adaptation to a Hostile Environment: Acute Myeloid Leukemia vs. Natural Killer Cells (2016)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies which incidence increases with age. The disease affects the differentiation of hematopoietic stem or precursor cells in the bone marrow and can be related to abnormal cytogenetic and/or specific mutational patterns. AML blasts can be sensitive to natural killer (NK) cell antitumor response. However, NK cells are frequently defective in AML patients leading to tumor escape. NK cell defects affect not only the expression of the activating NK receptors, including the natural cytotoxicity receptors, the NK group 2, member D, and the DNAX accessory molecule-1, but also cytotoxicity and IFN-γ release. Such perturbations in NK cell physiology could be related to the adaptation of the AML to the immune pressure and more generally to patient's clinical features. Various mechanisms are potentially involved in the inhibition of NK-cell functions in AML, including defects in the normal lymphopoiesis, reduced expression of activating receptors through cell-to-cell contacts, and production of immunosuppressive soluble agents by leukemic blasts. Therefore, the continuous cross-talk between AML and NK cells participates to the leukemia immune escape and eventually to patient's relapse. Methods to restore or stimulate NK cells seem to be attractive strategies to treat patients once the complete remission is achieved. Moreover, our capacity in stimulating the NK cell functions could lead to the development of preemptive strategies to eliminate leukemia-initiating cells before the emergence of the disease in elderly individuals presenting preleukemic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells.
Disorder-induced magnetic memory: Experiments and theories RID F-6415-2010 RID C-4384-2008 RID B-1163-2008 RID A-3020-2010 (2011)

Beautiful theories of magnetic hysteresis based on random microscopic disorder have been developed over the past ten years. Our goal was to directly compare these theories with precise experiments. To do so, we first developed and then applied coherent x-ray speckle metrology to a series of thin multilayer perpendicular magnetic materials. To directly observe the effects of disorder, we deliberately introduced increasing degrees of disorder into our films. We used coherent x rays, produced at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, to generate highly speckled magnetic scattering patterns. The apparently ``random'' arrangement of the speckles is due to the exact configuration of the magnetic domains in the sample. In effect, each speckle pattern acts as a unique fingerprint for the magnetic domain configuration. Small changes in the domain structure change the speckles, and comparison of the different speckle patterns provides a quantitative determination of how much the domain structure has changed. Our experiments quickly answered one long-standing question: How is the magnetic domain configuration at one point on the major hysteresis loop related to the configurations at the same point on the loop during subsequent cycles? This is called microscopic return-point memory (RPM). We found that the RPM is partial and imperfect in the disordered samples, and completely absent when the disorder is below a threshold level. We also introduced and answered a second important question: How are the magnetic domains at one point on the major loop related to the domains at the complementary point, the inversion symmetric point on the loop, during the same and during subsequent cycles? This is called microscopic complementary-point memory (CPM). We found that the CPM is also partial and imperfect in the disordered samples and completely absent when the disorder is not present. In addition, we found that the RPM is always a little larger than the CPM. We also studied the correlations between the domains within a single ascending or descending loop. This is called microscopic half-loop memory and enabled us to measure the degree of change in the domain structure due to changes in the applied field. No existing theory was capable of reproducing our experimental results. So we developed theoretical models that do fit our experiments. Our experimental and theoretical results set benchmarks for future work.
Automatic Generation of Typographic Font From Small Font Subset (2019)

The automated generation of fonts containing a large number of characters is in high demand. For example, a typical Japanese font requires over 1000 characters. Unfortunately, professional typographers create the majority of fonts, resulting in significant financial and time investments for font generation. The main contribution of this article is the development of a method that automatically generates a target typographic font containing thousands of characters, from a small subset of character images in the target font. We generate characters other than the subset so that a complete font is obtained. We propose a novel font generation method with the capability to deal with various fonts, including a font composed of distinctive strokes, which are difficult for existing methods to handle. We demonstrated the proposed method by generating 2965 characters in 47 fonts. Moreover, objective and subjective evaluations verified that the generated characters are similar to the original characters.
Gravitational wave detection using pulsars: status of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array project (2016)

Abstract The first direct detection of gravitational waves may be made through observations of pulsars. The principal aim of pulsar timing-array projects being carried out worldwide is to detect ultra-low frequency gravitational waves ( f ∼ 10 −9 –10 −8 Hz). Such waves are expected to be caused by coalescing supermassive binary black holes in the cores of merged galaxies. It is also possible that a detectable signal could have been produced in the inflationary era or by cosmic strings. In this paper, we review the current status of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array project (the only such project in the Southern hemisphere) and compare the pulsar timing technique with other forms of gravitational-wave detection such as ground- and space-based interferometer systems.