gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct diode lasers and their advantages for materials processing and other applications (2015)

The brightness of diode lasers is improving continuously and has recently started to approach the level of some solid state lasers. The main technology drivers over the last decade were improvements of the diode laser output power and divergence, enhanced optical stacking techniques and system design, and most recently dense spectral combining. Power densities at the work piece exceed 1 MW/cm<sup>2</sup> with commercially available industrial focus optics. These power densities are sufficient for cutting and welding as well as ablation. Single emitter based diode laser systems further offer the advantage of fast current modulation due their lower drive current compared to diode bars. Direct diode lasers may not be able to compete with other technologies as fiber or CO<sub>2</sub>-lasers in terms of maximum power or beam quality. But diode lasers offer a range of features that are not possible to implement in a classical laser. We present an overview of those features that will make the direct diode laser a very valuable addition in the near future, especially for the materials processing market. As the brightness of diode lasers is constantly improving, BPP of less than 5mm*mrad have been reported with multikW output power. Especially single emitter-based diode lasers further offer the advantage of very fast current modulation due to their low drive current and therefore low drive voltage. State of the art diode drivers are already demonstrated with pulse durations of &lt;10μs and repetition rates can be adjusted continuously from several kHz up to cw mode while addressing power levels from 0-100%. By combining trigger signals with analog modulations nearly any kind of pulse form can be realized. Diode lasers also offer a wide, adaptable range of wavelengths, and wavelength stabilization. We report a line width of less than 0.1nm while the wavelength stability is in the range of MHz which is comparable to solid state lasers. In terms of applications, especially our (broad) wavelength combining technology for power scaling opens the window to new processes of cutting or welding and process control. Fast power modulation through direct current control allows pulses of several microseconds with hundreds of watts average power. Spot sizes of less than 100 μm are obtained at the work piece. Such a diode system allows materials processing with a pulse parameter range that is hardly addressed by any other laser system. High productivity material ablation with cost effective lasers is enabled. The wide variety of wavelengths, high brightness, fast power modulation and high efficiency of diode lasers results in a strong pull of existing markets, but also spurs the development of a wide variety of new applications.
An anti-C3b/iC3b monoclonal antibody (Mab) as an adjuvant to rituximab killing of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and chronical lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells (2004)

2621
Ciguatoxins: Cyclic Polyether Modulators of Voltage-gated Iion Channel Function (2006)

Ciguatoxins are cyclic polyether toxins, derived from marine dinoflagellates, which are responsible for the symptoms of ciguatera poisoning. Ingestion of tropical and subtropical fin fish contaminated by ciguatoxins results in an illness characterised by neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders. The pharmacology of ciguatoxins is characterised by their ability to cause persistent activation of voltage-gated sodium channels, to increase neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release, to impair synaptic vesicle recycling, and to cause cell swelling. It is these effects, in combination with an action to block voltage-gated potassium channels at high doses, which are believed to underlie the complex of symptoms associated with ciguatera. This review examines the sources, structures and pharmacology of ciguatoxins. In particular, attention is placed on their cellular modes of actions to modulate voltage-gated ion channels and other Na+-dependent mechanisms in numerous cell types and to current approaches for detection and treatment of ciguatera.
An Electrical Tuner to Command Optical NanoAntennas (2010)

Optical antennas are devices employed for collecting, confining and redirecting radiation from nanometer –scale volumes. Theses characteristics are usually defined by designed parameters such as antenna’s morphology and the manner constituting elements are interacting. We have developed a novel imaging technique capable of fully characterizing individual optical nanoantennas by measuring their operating frequencies, relative gains and radiation patterns. In order to actively act on an antenna performance, we introduce a variable antenna load commanded by an external electrical trigger. This on-demand control opens up the possibility to tune an antenna without changing its geometrical parameters.
Coherent phase lock of a 9 μm quantum cascade laser to a 2 μm thulium optical frequency comb (2012)

We demonstrate coherent phase locking of a room-temperature continuous-wave quantum cascade laser (QCL) at 9.1 μm to a Tm-fiber laser frequency comb centered at 2 μm, with an integrated residual phase error of 0.9 rad (30 mHz to 1.5 MHz). This resulted in a QCL linewidth reduction from 525 to 25 kHz at 1 ms observation time, limited by the linewidth of the free-running frequency comb.
Remarks by James M. Wilson, Jr (1976)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Removal of Organic Films from Rotating Disks Using Aqueous Solutions of Nonionic Surfactants:  Film Morphology and Cleaning Mechanisms (1996)

In this work, we consider the cleaning of an organic liquid film, consisting initially of a concentrated solution of abietic acid in isopropyl alcohol, from the surface of a rotating disk by using aqueous solutions of a nonionic surfactant, pentaethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether. The results show that the removal process takes place in three consecutive stages. The first stage is controlled by the solubilization of the abietic acid by surfactant penetration and subsequent mass transfer from the interface to the bulk of the aqueous solution. During the first stage, the film absorbs water from the aqueous solution and breaks up into drops that leave portions of the surface exposed. The absorption of surfactant and water reduces the organic-phase viscosity, until the drops start to move on the disk surface under the action of shear forces. These drops aggregate into spiral-shaped continuous rivulets through which the organic phase flows until it comes off the disk edge. Such behavior occurs during the second stage of cleaning, which has a rate of removal appreciably faster than the first stage. The rivulets are shown to be tangent to the stress exerted by the aqueous solution on the surface of the organic phase. The rivulets eventually break, leading to a third stage with lower removal rates, in which the removal mechanism is apparently the roll up of organic-phase drops under the action of shear forces. In this work, we present experimental evidence that supports the described mechanism, based on photographs showing the morphology of the film structure in the different cleaning stages. A model is derived that relates the empirical observations of cleaning rates to physical parameters describing the solubilizing film hydrodynamics.
Preface (2017)

With more and more new multimedia-rich services being introduced and offered to a rapidly growing population of global subscribers, there is an ever-increasing demand for higher data rate wireless access, making more efficient use of this precious resource a crucial need. As a consequence, new wireless technologies such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced have been introduced. These technologies are capable of providing high-speed, large-capacity, and guaranteed quality-of-service (QoS) mobile services.With the technological evolution of cellular networks, new techniques, such as small cells, have also been developed to further improve the network capacity by effectively reusing the limited radio spectrum. However, all existing wireless communication systems deploy half-duplex (HD) radios which transmit and receive the signals in two separate/orthogonal channels. They dissipate the precious resources by employing either time-division or frequency-division duplexing.
100-Mb/s NRZ Visible Light Communications Using a Postequalized White LED (2009)

This letter describes a high-speed visible light communications link that uses a white-light light-emitting diode (LED). Such devices have bandwidths of few megahertz, severely limiting the data rates of any communication system. Here, we demonstrate that by detecting only the blue component of the LED, and using a simple first-order analogue equalizer, a data rate of 100 Mb/s can be achieved using on-off keying nonreturn-to-zero modulation.
An Open-Source Test-Bench for Autonomous Ultrasound Imaging (2018)

Due to the need for development of customized transmission, reception, and processing algorithms, low-cost programmable ultrasound imaging devices are desirable for a variety of research applications. This paper describes a programmable 64-channel system-on-chip (SoC)-based test bench for research on autonomous wearable and implantable medical ultrasound imaging. The setup consists of a custom transmitter, a custom high-voltage (HV) multiplexer, an off-the-shelf receiver, and embedded software on the SoC. This results in a modular design that can be easily updated with improved hardware and software for different applications. This paper describes the system design and initial imaging results on tissue phantoms.
Extreme climate event trends: The data mining and evaluation of the A1FI scenario for 2000-2100 (2008)

The authors discuss the implications and resulting alterations of the hydrologic cycle as Earth climate evolves from 2000-2100. Climate simulations based on the assumptions implicit in the A1F1 scenario for the period 2000-2100 using CCSM3 are analyzed. In particular, we will assess the changes in the surface latent and sensible heat energy budget, the Indian regional water budgets including trends in the timing and duration of the Indian monsoon and the resulting impacts on mean river flow and hydroelectric power generation potential. These analyses will also be examined within the context of heat index, droughts, floods and related estimates of societal robustness and resiliency. We will interpret these new A1F1 results within the context of the previous climate simulations based on the SRES A2 and B1 scenarios forced with land cover and atmospheric CO2. Analyses of historical records in the context of the Indian Monsoon Rainfall (IMR) have suggested an evolving relation of IMR with natural climate variability caused by El Nino events. We will report on the combined effects of natural climate variability and global warming on IMR and assess the trend of extreme rain and temperature events in a warming environment.
Abstract 2882: p53MVA therapy in patients with refractory gastrointestinal malignancies primes robust CD8+ T cell responses (2014)

Abstract PURPOSE: To conduct a Phase I safety trial of a Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine delivering wild type human p53 (p53MVA) in patients with refractory gastrointestinal malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Three patients were vaccinated with 108 pfu p53MVA followed by nine patients at 5.6 x 108 pfu. Toxicity was classified using the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria and clinical responses were assessed by CT scan. Peripheral blood samples were collected pre vaccine and post vaccination for immunophenotyping and assessment of p53MVA induced immune response. RESULTS: p53MVA immunization was well tolerated at both doses, with no adverse events above grade 2. Induction of strong T cell and antibody responses to the MVA backbone were apparent. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showing enhanced recognition of a p53 overlapping peptide library were detectable after the first immunization, particularly in the CD8+ T cell compartment (p=0.03). However in most patients this did not expand further with the second and third immunization. Some patients exhibited a decline in myeloid-derived suppressor cells post vaccine, but this was not statistically significant. The frequency of PD-1+ T cells detectable in patients PBMC was significantly higher than healthy controls. Furthermore, the frequency of PD-1+ CD8+ T cells showed an inverse correlation with the peak CD8+ T cell response to p53 (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: p53MVA was well tolerated and induced robust CD8+ T cell responses. Combination of p53MVA with immune checkpoint inhibition could improve sustained immune responses and lead to clinical benefit. Citation Format: Nicola Hardwick, Mary Carroll, Teodora Kaltcheva, Dajun Qian, Jonathan Espenschied, Lucille Leong, Peiguo Chu, Joseph Kim, Joseph Chao, Marwan Fakih, Joshua Ellenhorn, Don Diamond, Vincent Chung. p53MVA therapy in patients with refractory gastrointestinal malignancies primes robust CD8+ T cell responses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2882. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2882
OTO-201 (2014)

Intratympanic injection of OTO-201 constitutes an attractive treatment option to twice daily multiday dosing with ciprofloxacin ear drops for the treatment of otitis media, as evidenced by superior middle ear drug exposure, efficacy in an acute otitis media model, safety of administration, and convenience of a single dose regimen.
RELATION BETWEEN ACHIEVED BLOOD PRESSURE LEVEL AND THE REDUCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN HIGH-RISK HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A SUBANALYSIS OF THE CASE-J TRIAL: PP.27.80 (2010)

Objective: The benefits of lowering blood pressure (BP) on the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events are well established. Recent studies have raised the issue of the residual risk under the strict BP control in high-risk hypertensive patients. In the present study, we examined the relationship between achieved BP level and the reduction of cardiovascular risk in high-risk hypertensive patients. Methods: The CASE-J trial had been conducted to examine the effects of candesartan and amlodipine on the incidence of CV events. Subjects were all of 4,703 patients (mean age: 63.8 years) to be analyzed in the trial. Achieved BP were defined as the last values of BP in patients who did not experience CV events and the value of BP prior to CV events in those who experienced CV events during the follow-up. We used the multivariate Cox regression analysis to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) of achieved systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) level for cardiac and cerebrovascular events with adjustment for possible baseline confounders. Results: BP was strictly controlled to the level as low as less than 140/80 mmHg. During 3.2 ± 0.9 years of follow-up, 102 (2.2%) patients experienced cerebrovascular events and 89 (1.9%) patients experienced cardiac events. For cerebrovascular events, lower achieved SBP and DBP were associated with the reduced risk (HR per 10 mmHg decrease of SBP: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.59–0.74, HR per 5 mmHg decrease of DBP: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.73–0.89). On the contrary, for cardiac events, only lower achieved SBP was associated with the reduced risk (HR per 10 mmHg decrease of SBP: 0.86; 95%CI: 0.76–0.98, HR per 5 mmHg decrease of DBP: 0.92; 95%CI = 0.82–1.02). In addition, its risk reduction of lowering BP was small compared to that in cerebrovascular events. Conclusion: Reduction of BP confers benefit in high-risk hypertensive patients. However, the benefit from lowering BP is attenuated in cardiac events.
Photoaffinity labeling of the Sarcoma 180 cell surface by daunomycin. (1984)

We have used photoaffinity labeling to investigate the distribution and function of daunomycin binding sites in Sarcoma 180 cells. When native daunomycin is irradiated at 366 or 488 nm in the presence of cells, the drug is irreversibly incorporated into cellular molecules. The cellular acceptor for the photoincorporation cannot be extracted by chloroform-methanol nor can it be degraded by DNase. However, the drug acceptor is susceptible to trypsin digestion. These results show that the photoincorporation site is composed of protein but not of lipid or DNA. Furthermore, the fact that photoincorporation proceeds equally well at 0 degrees (where drug does not accumulate inside the cells) as compared to 37 degrees (where free drug concentrates in the cells) suggests that the labeling reaction occurs principally at the cell surface. The photolabeling process is not highly specific since it is not saturable at high drug concentrations and cannot be competed for by unlabeled daunomycin. When 2 X 10(5) daunomycin molecules are incorporated per Sarcoma 180 cell, the cells can still accumulate free drug. This result suggests that the photolabeling reaction does not occur at the drug transport locus. Photoincorporation of daunomycin also does not affect the viability of Sarcoma 180 cells, as judged by a cloning assay. Thus, there is probably no surface receptor for the drug which mediates cytotoxicity when occupied. This result is as expected from previous work predicting that the mechanism of daunomycin involves disruption of some generalized membrane property like fluidity. However, in a series of Sarcoma 180 sublines selected for increasing resistance to daunomycin, the photoincorporation increases in direct proportion to drug sensitivity. Consequently, daunomycin appears to be capable of photoaffinity labeling a cell surface protein which, although not directly involved in the mechanism of cytotoxicity is implicated in the expression of drug resistance.
Genetic and Sequencing Studies of the Specificity of Transposition into the lac Region of E. coli (1981)

Although the cardinal property of transposable elements is their ability to translocate from one position on a donor chromosome or plasmid to one of many different positions on the same or a different DNA molecule, a wide range of insertion specificities has been noted for different elements. At one extreme are elements that insert with little recognizable specificity. A well-studied example in this category is phage Mu (Bukhari and Zipser 1972; Daniell et al. 1972). At the other end of the spectrum is the element IS4, which has been observed at only one position in the gal region (Habermann et al. 1979). All 20 occurrences of IS4 in galT are inseparable by genetic methods, and the three that have been sequenced are at the identical nucleotide position. The majority of elements display specificities in between these two extremes. For example, Tn10 also shows a marked preference for certain hotspots, but...
Supplementary Figure S1 from <i>Paired Box 5</i> Methylation Detection by Droplet Digital PCR for Ultra-Sensitive Deep Surgical Margins Analysis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The distributions of relative QMSP values of PAX5 methylation are shown.&lt;/p&gt;
Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc. VI. Initial treatment studies. (1989)

Eleven patients with newly diagnosed Wilson's disease were treated with zinc acetate as their sole anticopper therapy. Treatment duration was 8 to 37 months. Three of the patients had symptoms; in eight who were presymptomatic, diagnosis was made because of affected siblings who had symptoms. All patients did well clinically. Copper absorption was suppressed, as reflected by blockade of absorption of orally administered copper 64. Values for 24-hour urine copper and nonceruloplasmin plasma copper (freely available copper) were reduced. Values for liver-derived serum enzymes were also generally reduced in patients who had pretreatment elevations. Percutaneous liver biopsies were done initially and repeated in seven of the patients after 12 to 35 months of zinc therapy. In five of these patients a second biopsy specimen showed higher levels of copper than the first. In three of these five a third biopsy 6 to 23 months after the second revealed liver copper values that either had returned to the baseline value or were lower. One patient's initial biopsy specimen showed active inflammation, which subsided with therapy. All of the biopsies revealed histologic scarring typical of cirrhosis, and this did not appear to change over the course of therapy. We conclude that hepatic copper may increase temporarily during early zinc therapy but that the accumulated copper is sequestered in a nontoxic form. On the basis of animal studies we postulate that this sequestered copper is primarily bound to the high levels of hepatic metallothionein induced by zinc. Zinc appears to be a reasonable option for the initial treatment of patients with Wilson's disease, particularly those with presymptomatic disease.
Design reliability---estimation through statistical analysis of bug discovery data (1998)

Statistical analysis of bug discovery data is used in the software industry to check the quality of the testing process and estimate the reliability of the tested program. In this paper, we show that the same techniques are applicable to hardware design verification. We performed a study on two implementations of state-of-the-art PowerPC processors that shows that these techniques can provide quality information on the progress of verification and good predictions of the number of bugs left in the design and the future MTTF.
The immunotoxicity of pesticides in rodents (1995)

Many pesticides that are widely used and have great potential for occupational and public exposure have received only a cursory examination with regards to their immunotoxic potential. Many of the studies that are available were done during the early period of immunotoxicology and many reports do not state whether or not any other toxic signs were observed and the dose-response relationships were not generally examined. Most studies were done in multiple species, through various routes of administration and using a variety of assays of immune function and do not allow a comparison. For the compounds extensively studied, the site of action has been determined at the cellular and perhaps the biochemical level, but the molecular site of action has not been determined. The approach to evaluate the mechanism of action will vary from compound to compound.
Virtual Collaboration through Distributed Pair Programming (2003)

Pair programming is a practice in which two programmers work together at one computer, collaborating on the same design, algorithm, code or test. Studies have shown that pair programmers produce higher quality code in essentially the same amount of time as solo programmers. Additional benefits include increased job satisfaction, improved team communication, and efficient tacit knowledge sharing. However, it may not always be possible for all team members to be collocated due to the rise in teleworking and geographically distributed teams. This paper analyzes the results of two distributed pair programming experiments administered at North Carolina State University. Experiment participants used readily available off-the-shelf applications for collaborative development. The results of the experiments indicate that virtual collaboration by distributed pair programmers is on par with collocated collaboration.