gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Millimeter Wave Small-Scale Spatial Statistics in an Urban Microcell Scenario (2017)

This paper presents outdoor wideband small-scale spatial fading and autocorrelation measurements and results in the 73 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) band conducted in downtown Brooklyn, New York. Both directional and omnidirectional receiver (RX) antennas are studied. Two pairs of transmitter (TX) and RX locations were tested with one line-of-sight (LOS) and one non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment, where a linear track was employed at each RX to move the antenna in half-wavelength increments. Measured data reveal that the small-scale spatial fading of the received signal voltage amplitude are generally Ricean-distributed for both omnidirectional and directional RX antenna patterns under both LOS and NLOS conditions in most cases, except for the log-normal distribution for the omnidirectional RX antenna pattern in the NLOS environment. Sinusoidal exponential and typical exponential functions are found to model small-scale spatial autocorrelation of the received signal voltage amplitude in LOS and NLOS environments in most cases, respectively. Furthermore, different decorrelation distances were observed for different RX track orientations, i.e., for different directions of motion relative to the TX. Results herein are valuable for characterizing small-scale spatial fading and autocorrelation properties in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems for fifth-generation (5G) mmWave frequencies.
TCR-MHC/peptide interaction: prospects for new anti-tumoral agents. (2015)

Tumor-related antigens can be presented as peptides forming complexes with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules that interact with T-cell receptors, thus generating an immunologic anti-tumor response. Unfortunately, however, this response can be decreased by many effectors and pathways. On the other hand, such peptide-MHC complexes are unique starting points for therapeutic intervention. We present strategies for eliciting an anti-tumoral response by T-cell receptor-based fusion proteins with interleukin (IL)2 and antibody constant region domains, superantigens, and T-cell recruiting antibodies, as well as using genetically modified autologous T-cells as effectors. Another strategy is to direct peptide-MHC complexes to tumors as fusion proteins with an antibody-derived targeting moiety. Finally, we describe T-cell receptor-mimicking antibodies and antibody conjugates as anti tumoral agents.
Simulation Study on Sensitivity and Count Rate Characteristics of “OpenPET” Geometries (2010)

An "OpenPET" geometry, which consists of two axially separated detector rings, has been proposed to image a 360-degree open gap. An open gap could be less stressful for patients and would be suitable for simultaneous PET/CT, whole-body PET and in-beam PET. It has been shown that OpenPET geometries can maintain high spatial resolution using a depth-of-interaction detector. However, when the PET scanner is used for an extended axial field-of-view (FOV), several characteristics of oblique lines-of-responses, such as decreased sensitivity due to smaller solid angle fraction and increased scatter and attenuation, should be carefully discussed. It is expected that these characteristics are dependent on the gap width and the target object size. In this work, we studied sensitivity and count rate characteristics for the OpenPET geometry using GATE simulation. This scanner has a 30.7-cm open gap and 93.7-cm axial FOV. When the gap is extended, the axial FOV is extended at the cost of decreased sensitivity on the slopes of the main peak. Maximum sensitivity decreases by 25% due to the decreased solid angle fraction. The noise equivalent count rate (NECR) test utilized four activity distributions that simulated whole-body and in-beam PET applications. For whole-body PET simulation, the loss of the peak NECR with the open gap decreases by 15% for the scanner. For in-beam PET simulation, the NECR values of the scanner are approximately 70% of those without the open gap. The OpenPET geometry promises to provide a large axial FOV with the open space and to have sufficient performance values. But, the open gap decreases sensitivity and NECR. Whole-body PET focuses to extend to the axial FOV, while keeping sufficient performance. In-beam PET only images within the open gap and heavy ion beams limit the minimum length of the open gap.
Front Cover: Fine and Clean Photothermally Controlled NIR Drug Delivery from Biocompatible Nickel‐bis(dithiolene)‐Containing Liposomes (ChemMedChem 21/2017) (2017)

The Front Cover shows the photocontrolled release of anticancer drugs from liposomes doped with photothermally-active nickel-bis(dithiolene) complexes (represented as green balls inserted in the lipid bilayers). Under laser irradiation in the near infrared region, the nickel-bis(dithiolene) complexes convert light into heat, which in turn allows for the modulation of the permeability of the organic bilayer of the liposomes enabling high levels of temporal control of drug release. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Franck Camerel et al. on page 1753 in Issue 21, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700344).
Synthesis of 5-Phenyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone Nucleosides (1996)

Reaction of 2-phenyltrimethinium salt 1 with thiourea and subsequent reaction with chloroacetic acid afforded 5-phenyl-2(1 H )-pyrimidinone ( 3 ). Its silyl derivative 4 was condensed with 1- O -acetyl-2,3,5-tri- O -benzoyl-D-ribofuranose under catalysis with tin tetrachloride or trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate to give protected nucleoside 5 together with 5', O 6 -cyclo-5-phenyl-1,3-bis- (β-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2(1 H ,3 H )-pyrimidinone ( 7 ). The greatest amounts of 7 were formed with the latter catalyst. Nucleosidation of the silyl derivative 4 with protected methyl 2-deoxy-D-ribofuranoside 8 or 2-deoxy-D-ribofuranosyl chloride 9 afforded 1-(2-deoxy-3,5-di- O - p -toluoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-phenyl-2(1 H )-pyrimidinone ( 10 ) and its α-anomer 11 . Reaction of 10 and 11 with methanolic ammonia gave free 2'-deoxynucleosides 12 and 13 . Compound 13 was converted into 5'- O - tert -butyldiphenylsilyl-3'- O -mesyl derivative 14 which on heating with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and subsequent cleavage with tetrabutylammonium fluoride afforded 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydronucleoside 15 . Reaction of the silyl derivative 4 with 1,2-di- O -acetyl-3,5-di- O -benzoylxylofuranose ( 18 ), catalyzed with tin tetrachloride, furnished 1-(2- O -acetyl-3,5-di- O -benzoyl-β-D-xylofuranosyl)-2(1 H )-pyrimidinone ( 19 ) which was deprotected to give the β-D-xylofuranosyl derivative 22 . As a side product, the nucleosidation afforded the β-D-xylopyranosyl derivative 23 . Deacetylation of compound 19 gave 1-(3,5-di- O -benzoyl-β-D-xylofuranosyl)-5-phenyl-2(1 H )-pyrimidinone ( 24 ) which on reaction with thionyl chloride afforded 2'-chloro-2'-deoxynucleoside 25 and 2', O 6 -cyclonucleoside 26 . Heating of compound 25 with DBU in dimethylformamide furnished the lyxo -epoxide 27 which on reaction with methanolic ammonia was converted into free 1-(2,3-anhydro-β-D-lyxofuranosyl)-5-phenyl-2(1 H )-pyrimidinone ( 28 ). Reaction of 1,2-di- O -acetyl-5- O -benzoyl-3- O -methanesulfonyl-D-xylofuranose ( 30 ) with silyl derivative 4 gave the nucleoside 31 which by treatment with DBU was converted into an equilibrium mixture of 5'-benzoylated arabinofuranoside 33a and its 2',6-anhydro derivative 33b .
Nonquasicatastrophic maximum transition run codes (2002)

Nonquasicatastrophic maximum transition run (MTR) codes are introduced by defining a new t-constraint. Finite state transition diagrams (FSTD) exhaustively characterizing MTR (j,k,t) constraints for detector trellises that are unconstrained or incorporate the j-constraint are presented and their capacity is computed. It is shown that (G,I) constrained systems are a subclass of (j,k,t) MTR constrained systems.
New results for Hammerstein system identification (2002)

A novel approach is presented for the analysis and design of identification algorithms for Hammerstein models, which consist of a static nonlinearity followed by an LTI system. The authors examine two identification problems. In the first problem, the system is excited with white noise and the LTI system is FIR, and they find a simple explicit solution for the optimal parameter estimate and show that for sufficiently large data lengths a standard iterative technique globally converges to this optimal value. In the second problem, the LTI system is given in state-space form and the authors show that standard state-space algorithms can be easily modified to identify Hammerstein models.
17β-Estradiol Protects Primary Macrophages Against HIV Infection Through Induction of Interferon-Alpha (2014)

Estrogen has been shown to increase resistance to HIV/SIV transmission by increasing the thickness of the genital epithelium. The immunological role of estrogen in HIV infection of primary target cells is less well characterized. We have found that primary macrophages are a target for anti-HIV activity of 17β-estradiol (E2). E2 did not affect surface expression of CD4 and HIV co-receptors nor HIV attachment to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In addition, E2 treatment blocked infection by a co-receptor-independent HIV-1VSV-G pseudotyped virus. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of HIV reverse transcribed DNA products indicated that E2 blocked HIV reverse transcription. E2 upregulated gene expression of interferons (IFNs) in MDMs from multiple donors. However, induction of host restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, or SAMHD1 was not consistent, with exception of APOBEC3A. Anti-HIV activity of E2 was abolished in the presence of IFN-α neutralizing antibody, and was absent in bone marrow-derived macrophages from IFN-α receptor deficient mice. Interestingly, HIV overcame E2-mediated HIV inhibition by suppressing induction of IFNs when MDMs were exposed to HIV before E2 treatment. These results offer a new mechanism of E2 on HIV inhibition. Future studies on the interplay between HIV and E2-mediated innate immune responses will likely provide insights relevant for development of effective strategies for HIV prevention.
Temperature Regulates Stability, Ligand Binding (Mg 2+ and ATP), and Stoichiometry of GroEL–GroES Complexes (2022)

Chaperonins are nanomachines that harness ATP hydrolysis to power and catalyze protein folding, a chemical action that is directly linked to the maintenance of cell function through protein folding/refolding and assembly. GroEL and the GroEL-GroES complex are archetypal examples of such protein folding machines. Here, variable-temperature electrospray ionization (vT-ESI) native mass spectrometry is used to delineate the effects of solution temperature and ATP concentrations on the stabilities of GroEL and GroEL-GroES complexes. The results show clear evidence for destabilization of both GroEL<sub>14</sub> and GroES<sub>7</sub> at temperatures of 50 and 45 °C, respectively, substantially below the previously reported melting temperature (<i>T</i><sub>m</sub> ∼ 70 °C). This destabilization is accompanied by temperature-dependent reaction products that have previously unreported stoichiometries, viz. GroEL<sub>14</sub>-GroES<sub><i>y</i></sub>-ATP<sub><i>n</i></sub>, where <i>y</i> = 1, 2, 8 and <i>n</i> = 0, 1, 2, 8, that are also dependent on Mg<sup>2+</sup> and ATP concentrations. Variable-temperature native mass spectrometry reveals new insights about the stability of GroEL in response to temperature effects: (i) temperature-dependent ATP binding to GroEL; (ii) effects of temperature as well as Mg<sup>2+</sup> and ATP concentrations on the stoichiometry of the GroEL-GroES complex, with Mg<sup>2+</sup> showing greater effects compared to ATP; and (iii) a change in the temperature-dependent stoichiometries of the GroEL-GroES complex (GroEL<sub>14</sub>-GroES<sub>7</sub> vs GroEL<sub>14</sub>-GroES<sub>8</sub>) between 24 and 40 °C. The similarities between results obtained by using native MS and cryo-EM [Clare et al. An expanded protein folding cage in the GroEL-gp31 complex. <i>J. Mol. Biol.</i> <b>2006</b>, <i>358</i>, 905-911; Ranson et al. Allosteric signaling of ATP hydrolysis in GroEL-GroES complexes.<i>Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.</i> <b>2006</b>, <i>13</i>, 147-152] underscore the utility of native MS for investigations of molecular machines as well as identification of key intermediates involved in the chaperonin-assisted protein folding cycle.
Learning inter-related statistical query translation models for English-Chinese bi-directional CLIR (2011)

To support more precise query translation for English-Chinese Bi-Directional Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR), we have developed a novel framework by integrating a semantic network to characterize the correlations between multiple inter-related text terms of interest and learn their inter-related statistical query translation models. First, a semantic network is automatically generated from large-scale English-Chinese bilingual parallel corpora to characterize the correlations between a large number of text terms of interest. Second, the semantic network is exploited to learn the statistical query translation models for such text terms of interest. Finally, these inter-related query translation models are used to translate the queries more precisely and achieve more effective CLIR. Our experiments on a large number of official public data have obtained very positive results.
NOVEL METHOD FOR VISUALIZING PERIPHERAL RETINAL STRUCTURES WITH MICROSCOPE-INTEGRATED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (2022)

Use of a Goldmann lens in conjunction with intraoperative OCT offers surgeons the ability to resolve peripheral pathology that cannot be easily evaluated with OCT otherwise.
Bedroom air quality and vacuuming frequency are associated with repeat child asthma hospital admissions (2014)

Factors in the child's bedroom play an important role in increasing the risk of asthma hospital readmissions. These findings have major clinical implications as the identified potential risk factors may be modifiable. Further epidemiological studies with larger samples are necessary to evaluate these associations further.
High-Q-factor nanobeam photonic crystal cavities in bulk silicon carbide (2018)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising optical material for stable and broadband nanophotonics. To date, thin crystalline SiC layers for nanophotonic platforms have been created by ion implantation or growth on other materials, which may cause optical absorption in the SiC layer. We fabricated SiC nanobeam photonic crystal cavities directly from a crystalline (4H) SiC bulk wafer using oblique plasma etching to avoid material-based optical absorptions. The measured quality (Q) factor of the nanobeam photonic crystal cavity reaches 4 × 104, which is the highest recorded Q factor in crystalline SiC cavities. Furthermore, we investigated theoretical Q factors by taking into account structural imperfections unique to this fabrication process and compared them with the experimental results.
Discovery of BMS-753426: A Potent Orally Bioavailable Antagonist of CC Chemokine Receptor 2 (2021)

To improve the metabolic stability profile of BMS-741672 (<b>1a</b>), we undertook a structure-activity relationship study in our trisubstituted cyclohexylamine series. This ultimately led to the identification of <b>2d</b> (BMS-753426) as a potent and orally bioavailable antagonist of CCR2. Compared to previous clinical candidate <b>1a</b>, the <i>tert</i>-butyl amine <b>2d</b> showed significant improvements in pharmacokinetic properties, with lower clearance and higher oral bioavailability. Furthermore, compound <b>2d</b> exhibited improved affinity for CCR5 and good activity in models of both monocyte migration and multiple sclerosis in the hCCR2 knock-in mouse. The synthesis of <b>2d</b> was facilitated by the development of a simplified approach to key intermediate (4<i>R</i>)-<b>9b</b> that deployed a stereoselective reductive amination which may prove to be of general interest.
Approximate Storage of Compressed and Encrypted Videos (2017)

The popularization of video capture devices has created strong storage demand for encoded videos. Approximate storage can ease this demand by enabling denser storage at the expense of occasional errors. Unfortunately, even minor storage errors, such as bit flips, can result in major visual damage in encoded videos. Similarly, video encryption, widely employed for privacy and digital rights management, may create long dependencies between bits that show little or no tolerance to storage errors.
24-hour secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors-I and -II (IGF-I, -II), prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) in young adults of normal and tall stature. (1996)

Studies of the growth hormone (GH) secretory dynamics of children with normal and idiopathic short stature (ISS) have revealed that the regulation of the GH-somatomedin (GHS) axis can differ significantly among normal individuals. Information on the GH secretion in idiopathic tall stature (ITS) is scarce. We previously showed that the GH response to stimulation with GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in male, late adolescents and young adults with ITS is significantly greater than that of their sex and age-matched controls of average height. In the present study, we studied the 24-hour (hr) GH, insulin-like growth factor-I and -II (IGF-I and -II), prolactin (PRL) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by every 30 minutes (min) sampling in 12 young, healthy male Greek army recruits. Group I [n = 6, age 22 + 1.4 years (y.), mean + standard deviation (SD)] had a height of 198.5 + 4.2cm, at least 3 SD's above the mean of the Greek male population. Group II (n = 6, age 20.5 + 1.05 y.) had a height of 169.2 + 3.4cm, within 2SD's of the normal mean. Serum IGF-I levels were determined in both unextracted and extracted samples. Our results indicated that the number of secretory bursts and the circadian panel of GH, IGF-I and -II, PRL and TSH were similar in the two groups. Both the amplitude of the secretory GH peaks (5.08 + 3.07 vs. 3.3 + 0.8 ng/ml, p = 0.19,) and the area under the curve (AUC) of the 24-hour GH secretion (9.8 + 5.5 vs. 6.6 + 1.3 ng/ml/hr, p = 0.2) were higher in group I than in group II, but the difference was not significant. A significant nocturnal increase of both IGF-I and -II levels was found only in extracted human plasma (p < 0.001), whereas measurements of IGF-I in unextracted samples failed to reveal circadian variation (p < 0.1). We conclude that no significant differences were found in this pilot study of the neurosecretory regulation of the GHS axis between individuals of tall and normal stature. A tendency for greater amount of GH secretion per secretory peak was found in persons with tall stature; however, this finding needs to be confirmed in a larger study. IGF-I and -II levels had a significant circadian variation with a large nocturnal surge, when measured in extracted plasma. The latter, might be explained by circadian variation of the circulating IGF-binding proteins and its detection appears to be method of extraction-dependent.
Artificial photosynthesis of .beta.-ketocarboxylic acids from carbon dioxide and ketones via enolate complexes of aluminum porphyrin (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArtificial photosynthesis of .beta.-ketocarboxylic acids from carbon dioxide and ketones via enolate complexes of aluminum porphyrinYasuhiro Hirai, Takuzo Aida, and Shohei InoueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 8, 3062–3063Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00190a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1236Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
HSP90β phosphorylation is a targetable regulator of metastatic transformation (2015)

Using web-based interventions is a good educational strategy for prevention of hookah smoking in adolescent girls.
Functional identification of rat atypical β‐adrenoceptors by the first β3‐selective antagonists, aryloxypropanolaminotetralins (1996)

1. We have assessed the relative abilities of compounds belonging to the new aryloxypropanolaminotetralin (APAT) class and of the reference beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agent, alprenolol, to antagonize functional responses in vitro and in vivo involving atypical (beta 3) or conventional (beta 1 and beta 2) beta-adrenoceptors. 2. The range of pA2 values for three representative APATs against inhibition of spontaneous motility in the rat isolated colon by the selective beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, SR 58611A (8.1-8.8), was well above similarly calculated values for non-competitive antagonism of guinea-pig trachea relaxation by salbutamol (beta 2, 6.5-6.9) and the atrial chronotropic response by isoprenaline (beta 1, 6.7-7.3). Alprenolol, however, was substantially more potent in antagonizing atrial (pA2, 8.2) and tracheal (pA2, 8.9) responses than SR 58611A mediated inhibition of colonic motility (pA2, 6.8). 3. Several APAT isomers with different configurations at the chiral carbons, when tested on isolated organs, presented stringent stereochemical requirements for beta 3-selectivity, including high antagonist potency-ratios between active and inactive enantiomers. 4. In vivo, the inhibition of colonic motility and the thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue elicited in rats by the selective beta 3-adrenoceptor agonists SR 58611A and BRL 37344 respectively were substantially diminished by the representative APAT, SR 59230A, at oral doses (< or = 5 mg kg-1) well below those half maximally effective (ID50) for preventing beta 1-(isoprenaline tachycardia > or = 80 mg kg-1) or beta 2-(salbutamol bronchodilatation, 44 mg kg-1) mediated responses. Alprenolol, as expected, was a less potent and nonselective antagonist of the putative beta 3-responses. 5. These findings support APATs as the first potent, orally effective selective antagonists at beta 3-adrenoceptors, and provide final unambiguous evidence that beta 3-adrenoceptors underlie inhibition of colonic motility and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats.