gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Submicron mapping of strained silicon-on-insulator features induced (2007)

Real-space maps of strain within silicon-on-insulator (SOI) features induced by adjacent, embedded shallow-trench-isolation (STI) SiO2 regions were obtained using x-ray microbeam diffraction. The quantitative strain mapping indicated that the SOI strain was largest at the SOI/STI interface and decreased as a function of distance from this interface. An out-of-plane residual strain of approximately −31με was observed in the blanket regions of the SOI. A comparison of the depth-averaged strain distributions to the strain profiles calculated from an Eshelby inclusion model indicated an equivalent eigenstrain of −0.55% in the STI regions acting on the SOI features.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Partially hydrolysed, prebiotic supplemented whey formula for the prevention of allergic manifestations in high risk infants: a multicentre double‐blind randomised controlled trial (2015)

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-5-S3-P30.].
Guiding Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis with Mineral-Coated Hydroxyapatite and BMP-2 Incorporated within High-Density hMSC Aggregates for Bone Regeneration (2015)

Since hydroxyapatite and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) can regulate chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, their individual and combined effects on endochondral ossification within human bone marrow-derived stem cell (hMSC) aggregates were investigated. Hydroxyapatite was presented in the form of mineral-coated hydroxyapatite microparticles (MCM) capable of controlled BMP-2 delivery. Aggregates were treated with varied BMP-2 concentrations supplemented in the media and loaded onto MCM to examine the influence of BMP-2 amount and spatial presentation on regulating chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. MCM alone induced GAG and type II collagen production by week 5 for two of three donors, and BMP-2 may have accelerated MCM-induced chondrogenesis. ALP activity and calcium content of cells-only aggregates suggest that the BMP-2-induced osteogenic response may be concentration-dependent. Treatment with MCM and BMP-2 resulted in chondrogenesis as early as week 2, which may have promoted additional mineralization by week 5, suggesting the induction of endochondral ossification. Released BMP-2 had similar if not higher levels of bioactivity compared to that of exogenous BMP-2 with regard to chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. In addition to providing localized and sustained BMP-2 delivery, MCM incorporation within aggregates yields a self-sustaining system that may be injected or implanted more rapidly to heal bone defects through endochondral ossification without extended <i>in vitro</i> culture.
ONECUT2 is a driver of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (2019)

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a lethal form of the disease, is characterized by loss of androgen receptor (AR) signaling during neuroendocrine transdifferentiation, which results in resistance to AR-targeted therapy. Clinically, genomically and epigenetically, NEPC resembles other types of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Through pan-NET analyses, we identified ONECUT2 as a candidate master transcriptional regulator of poorly differentiated NETs. ONECUT2 ectopic expression in prostate adenocarcinoma synergizes with hypoxia to suppress androgen signaling and induce neuroendocrine plasticity. ONEUCT2 drives tumor aggressiveness in NEPC, partially through regulating hypoxia signaling and tumor hypoxia. Specifically, ONECUT2 activates SMAD3, which regulates hypoxia signaling through modulating HIF1α chromatin-binding, leading NEPC to exhibit higher degrees of hypoxia compared to prostate adenocarcinomas. Treatment with hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 potently reduces NEPC tumor growth. Collectively, these results highlight the synergy between ONECUT2 and hypoxia in driving NEPC, and emphasize the potential of hypoxia-directed therapy for NEPC patients.
Modulation of the nuclear antigen p105 as a function of cell‐cycle progression (1987)

The characterization of the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen designated p105 in quiescent and proliferating lymphocytes is described. Through the use of novel flow cytometric and cell-sorting strategies the intracellular content of p105 was assessed in situ on a per cell basis. These analyses demonstrated the presence of multiple cellular subpopulations within the cell cycle differing significantly in p105 content. The data revealed that the flow cytometric quantitation of p105 levels may effectively discriminate cycling from noncycling cells. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that the modulation of this interchromatin-associated antigen was correlated with a significant degree of nuclear restructuring. In conjunction with cell sorting, immunogold electron microscopy and immunoblot controls demonstrated that the cell-cycle-related modulation in p105 cannot be accounted for by increased cellular mass or antigen sequestration. The significance of these controls and of the potential role of p105 in cellular proliferation is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Magic Number Pt13 and Misshapen Pt12 Clusters: Which One is the Better Catalyst? (2013)

Abstract Pt n (n = 12, 13) clusters are synthesized with atomic‐level precision by using a dendrimer ligand as the macromolecular template.
Synthesis of an HCV Protease Inhibitor (2015)

Key words HCV protease inhibitors - dipolar cycloaddition - nitrile oxides - TEMPO oxidation
Ballistic Fracturing of Carbon Nanotubes (2016)

Advanced materials with multifunctional capabilities and high resistance to hypervelocity impact are of great interest to the designers of aerospace structures. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with their lightweight and high strength properties are alternative to metals and/or metallic alloys conventionally used in aerospace applications. Here we report a detailed study on the ballistic fracturing of CNTs for different velocity ranges. Our results show that the highly energetic impacts cause bond breakage and carbon atom rehybridizations, and sometimes extensive structural reconstructions were also observed. Experimental observations show the formation of nanoribbons, nanodiamonds, and covalently interconnected nanostructures, depending on impact conditions. Fully atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out in order to gain further insights into the mechanism behind the transformation of CNTs. The simulations show that the velocity and relative orientation of the multiple colliding nanotubes are critical to determine the impact outcome.
Spatially correlated MIMO broadcast channel: Analysis of overlapping correlation eigenspaces (2017)

Antenna correlation is prevalent in higher frequencies as well as in massive MIMO, thus the study of correlated MIMO broadcast channels is becoming a subject of increasing interest. This paper explores the fundamental limits of such systems, focusing on cases where correlation eigenspaces are neither independent nor identical, so that known beam-space division techniques do not directly apply. We begin by introducing a simple but novel tight outer bound on the degrees of freedom of noncoherent point-to-point MIMO channels under transmit antenna correlation. We then analyze the performance of a two-user MIMO broadcast channel when one correlation eigenspace is a subspace of the other. We extend the result to K-user MIMO broadcast channel. Our results show that it is possible to exploit the differences between the correlation structure of transmit antennas towards different receivers to extract degrees of freedom gains out of the system. The extent of these gains are highlighted via several examples.
An FPGA-based 1-bit Digital Transmitter with 800-MHz Bandwidth for 5G Millimeter-wave Active Antenna Systems (2018)

An FPGA-based 1-bit digital transmitter with an 800-MHz bandwidth is presented for 5G millimeter wave (mmW) active antenna systems (AASs). To achieve over 20-GHz operation of the 2nd-order delta sigma modulator (DSM), a two-stage time-in-terleaved accumulator with double look-ahead blocks is proposed and implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). This transmitter achieves an 800-MHz bandwidth in the 27-GHz band under conditions satisfying the 3GPP specification, which verifies that this transmitter is a promising candidate for 5G mmW communication.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the 1,5‐Diarylpyrazole Class of Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitors: Identification of 4‐(5‐(4‐Methylphenyl)‐3‐ (trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonamide (SC‐58635, Celecoxib). (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
White matter hyperintensities on MRI in high-altitude U-2 pilots (2013)

Pilots with occupational exposure to hypobaria showed a significant increase in WMH lesion volume and number. Unlike the healthy controls with predominantly WMH in the frontal white matter, WMH in pilots were more uniformly distributed throughout the brain. This is consistent with our hypothesized pattern of damage produced by interaction between microemboli and cerebral tissue, leading to thrombosis, coagulation, inflammation, and/or activation of innate immune response, although further studies will be necessary to clarify the pathologic mechanisms responsible.
Key Role of Ti(IV) in the Selective Radical−Radical Cross-Coupling Mediated by the Ingold-Fischer Effect (2008)

We report an innovative approach for the selective synthesis of polyfunctional derivatives by cross-combination of different radicals generated under mild conditions. The coordinating effect of Ti(IV) plays a key role in the reaction mechanism: due to its chelating action on the hydroxyl groups, it promotes the homolytic C-C bond cleavage of alpha,beta-dihydroxy ketones by enhancing the captodative effect and the consequent stabilization of the corresponding alpha-hydroxy-alpha-carbonyl radicals. When these radicals are generated in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of TiCl(4) and 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) is employed as a source of alpha-cyanoisopropyl radicals, the selective radical-radical cross-coupling is observed, affording the corresponding beta-hydroxynitriles in high yields. This innovative methodology allows application of the well-known Ingold-Fischer effect to a wider range of stabilized carbon-centered radicals, whose formation derives from the chelating action of Ti(IV).
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal peptides. Substrates for ubiquitin activating enzyme. (1988)

The carboxyl terminus of ubiquitin is activated in the presence of ATP to enter the ubiquitin cycle in cells. Peptides corresponding to the COOH-terminal region of ubiquitin were synthesized to investigate their effects on the ATP/ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. Their activities in the PPi exchange assay with ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1) were proportional to their length. The hexapeptide Ac-Leu-Arg-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly reacted with ATP to form an enzyme-adenylate-hexapeptide complex and at high concentrations was 20-25% as active as human ubiquitin in the PPi exchange assay with E1. However, the hexapeptide was not transferred to the sulfhydryl "thiol" site on E1. In addition, the COOH-terminal peptides did not support the degradation of 125I-bovine serum albumin in the reticulocyte lysate system. A nonhomologous peptide of equivalent length was inactive in all assays. Thus, synthetic COOH-terminal peptide(s) of ubiquitin can partially substitute for ubiquitin in its reactions with E1 but do not support subsequent steps of the energy-dependent proteolytic pathway. These results show that it may be possible to design small molecules that either serve as substrates or inhibitors for other specific steps in ubiquitin-dependent pathways.
Sodium Channel Modulators and Their Method of Use (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPatent HighlightNEXTSodium Channel Modulators and Their Method of UseBenjamin E. Blass*Benjamin E. BlassTemple University School of Pharmacy, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States*E-mail: [email protected]More by Benjamin E. Blasshttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4503Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 9, 1247–1248Publication Date (Web):August 14, 2019Publication History Received27 July 2019Published online14 August 2019Published inissue 12 September 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00341https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00341editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1360Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (464 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Genetics,Neurophysiology,Sodium,Therapeutics Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: New Family of Cyclopropanating Reagents: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Stability Studies of Iodomethylzinc Phenoxides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MMX mesalazine for the induction of remission of mild‐to‐moderately active ulcerative colitis: efficacy and tolerability in specific patient subpopulations (2008)

MMX mesalazine is effective in active UC regardless of disease extent, disease severity, gender and previous, low-dose, 5-ASA therapy.
Serum Concentrations of Cardiac Troponin I in Sudden Death (1998)

Sudden cardiac death due to lethal arrhythmia may be the initial presenting symptom of ischemic heart disease. In many cases, in the absence of trauma, a majority of these deaths will be visually inspected by a medical examiner and released with death being ascribed to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, or a similar diagnosis. When an autopsy is performed, there may be significant cardiovascular disease but no gross or histologic evidence of an acute myocardial infarct unless the patient survived for several hours following the event. Biochemical assays of creatine kinase MB fraction (CKMB) performed on serum have been used to document myocardial injury in the absence of morphologic changes. Newly developed assays for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) may detect myocardial injury with a greater sensitivity than CKMB. A prospective study was performed on 28 autopsied patients at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of the state of Maryland. Subclavian blood was sampled for subsequent analysis of serum CKMB and cTnI. In 3 cases of cardiac-related death, there was insufficient plasma for analysis of both CKMB and cTnI, and only CKMB was quantitated. In 12 cases, hemolysis rendered interpretation questionable. Of the remaining 16 cases, the mean serum CKMB level was 857.9 ng/ml (n = 7) and the cTnI level was 93.4 ng/ml (n = 4) for cardiac-related deaths, compared with mean CKMB levels of 116.4 ng/ml (n = 9) and mean cTnI levels of 16.6 ng/ml (n = 9) for non-cardiac-related deaths. The differences in serum elevation of both CKMB and cTnI noted between the cardiac- and non-cardiac-related deaths were statistically significant. Serum cTnI concentrations >40 ng/ml were only noted in cardiac-related deaths. These data suggest that an elevated postmortem serum concentration of cTnI reflects ischemic heart disease and supports its use in determining cause of death. Quantitation of this analyte may prove useful when death may be due to an arrhythmia following a morphologically undetectable microinfarct.
Label-free route to rapid, nanoscale characterization of cellular structure and dynamics through opaque media (2013)

We report a novel technique for label-free, rapid visualization of structure and dynamics of live cells with nanoscale sensitivity through traditionally opaque media. Specifically, by combining principles of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and quantitative phase imaging, functional characterization of cellular structure and dynamics through silicon substrates is realized in our study. We demonstrate the efficacy of the new approach by full-field imaging of erythrocyte morphology in their native states with a nm path length sensitivity. Additionally, we observe dynamic variations of human embryonic kidney cells, through a silicon substrate, in response to hypotonic stimulation with ms temporal resolution that also provides unique insight into the underlying biophysical changes. The proposed technology is fundamentally suited for high-performance investigations of biological specimens and significantly expands the options for visualization in complex microfluidic devices fabricated on silicon.
Radioreceptor Assay of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: New Approach to Assay of Polypeptide Hormones in Plasma (1970)

Biologically active iodine-125-labeled adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) binds specifically to ACTH receptors extracted from adrenals. Unlabeled ACTH at 1 picogram per milliliter significantly displaces labeled ACTH from these receptors. This system, which appears to be applicable to all polypeptide hormones, provides a rapid and sensitive method for measurements of biologically active ACTH in dilute whole plasma.
Minimizing function-free recursive inference rules (1989)

Recursive inference rules arise in recursive definitions in logic programming systems and in database systems with recursive query languages. Let D be a recursive definition of a relation t . D is considered minimal if for any predicate p in a recursive rule in D , p must appear in a recursive rule in any definition of t . It is shown that testing for minimality is, in general, undecidable. However, an efficient algorithm for a useful class of recursive rules is presented, and it is used to transform a recursive definition to a minimal recursive definition. Evaluating the minimized definition avoids redundant computation without the overhead of caching intermediate results and run-time checking for duplicate goals.
Development of Slat Gap and Slat Cove Filler Treatments for Noise Reduction Assessment on the High Lift Common Research Model in the NASA LaRC 14x22 (2022)

Airframe noise is an important issue during the approach and landing phases of flight because engines are throttled back, and airframe sources become an equal or greater contributor to environmental noise. The leading-edge slat component of the high-lift system for transport aircraft has been identified as a prominent source of airframe noise. Noise production mechanisms and potential treatments to mitigate airframe noise have been areas of active research for nearly three decades. Two promising technologies for slat noise reduction are the slat-gap filler (SGF) and slat-cove filler (SCF). Previous work was done using a 2D section of a transport class aircraft wing to demonstrate their feasibility via benchtop and computational models. A wind tunnel test campaign was recently undertaken to test the SGF and SCF technologies in a flight-like environment by installing dynamically scaled treatments on the 10%-scale High-Lift Common Research Model (CRM-HL), which is representative of a commercial twin-aisle transport aircraft. Advancement of the SGF and SCF technologies to overcome challenges of integration with 3D airframe structures, computational simulations of the CRM-HL predicting the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance and structural loads, and design of wind tunnel model hardware with features accommodating noise treatments were conducted in parallel. Details of innovations in the SGF and SCF technologies for 3D airframe feasibility will be described. The loads the treatments must sustain in flight and the influence of those loads on the design is also discussed. Finally, the design of wing leading-edge assemblies to treat the 10% CRM-HL with dynamically scaled SGF and SCF components is presented. The treatments were successfully tested in 2020/2021 providing a demonstration of leading-edge noise reduction using components that would allow slat articulation.
The Effect of Tempering (Artificial Aging) on the Crashworthiness Performance of Mass-Efficient Extruded Aluminum Structures (2003)

The effect of tempering (artificial aging) on the axial crush strength of four cell extruded rectangular aluminum alloy (AA) 6061 and 6063 tubes is developed in this report. Increasing the aging time from the press quenched condition increases the flow strength of the material and also increases the axial energy absorbed up to a point when the material showed fracture. Good predictions were made between experimental, theoretical, and numerical mean crush loads for various tempers of AA6061 and AA6063, except in the cases where a large amount of fracture was present. A recommended temper time of three hours was obtained for AA6063, with an increase in mean crush load of 60%. A recommended temper time of six hours was obtained for AA6061 with an increase in mean crush load of 40%. These results will be useful in future aluminum automotive body projects, both for their predictive capability, and for the temper recommendations.
Identification of a Selective SCoR2 Inhibitor That Protects Against Acute Kidney Injury (2023)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and no drugs are available clinically. Metabolic reprogramming resulting from the deletion of S-nitroso-coenzyme A reductase 2 (SCoR2; AKR1A1) protects mice against AKI, identifying SCoR2 as a potential drug target. Of the few known inhibitors of SCoR2, none are selective versus the related oxidoreductase AKR1B1, limiting therapeutic utility. To identify SCoR2 (AKR1A1) inhibitors with selectivity versus AKR1B1, analogs of the nonselective (dual 1A1/1B1) inhibitor imirestat were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Among 57 compounds, JSD26 has 10-fold selectivity for SCoR2 versus AKR1B1 and inhibits SCoR2 potently through an uncompetitive mechanism. When dosed orally to mice, JSD26 inhibited SNO-CoA metabolic activity in multiple organs. Notably, intraperitoneal injection of JSD26 in mice protected against AKI through S-nitrosylation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), whereas imirestat was not protective. Thus, selective inhibition of SCoR2 has therapeutic potential to treat acute kidney injury.