gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Analysis of Radiation From a Dipole Source in Woodpile EBG Structures (2021)

An efficient and rigorous approach to analyze the radiation from an electric dipole placed in 3-D woodpile electromagnetic bandgap material (EBG) structures consisting of layered periodic arrays of circular cylinders is presented. The response in the spectral domain of the woodpile EBGs excited by a dipole source is calculated using one-dimensional lattice sums, the 3-D transition matrix of a circular cylinder, and the generalized reflection and transmission matrices of the layered system. The closed-form expression of the radiated field is rigorously obtained by a finite integral of the spectral response. Comparisons with the far fields calculated using reciprocity both with the present approach and with a fully independent commercial EM software package are presented showing excellent agreement with the proposed method and demonstrating the high computational efficiency of the semianalytical formalism.
Suboptimal Multiuser Detector for Frequency-Selective Rayleigh Fading (1995)

We propose a suboptimal low-complexity mul- tiuser receiver for synchronous CDMA frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels. In contrast to the conventional RAKE receiver, which suffers from near-far effects due to channel fading, the proposed multiuser receiver is shown to alleviate the near-far problem while preserving multipath diversity gain. This is demonstrated by comparing the sym- bol error probability and asymptotic multiuser efilciency of the proposed multiuser detector and RAKE receiver.
Viscoelastic properties and lap shear strength of EVA/aromatic hydrocarbon resins as hot-melt adhesives (2003)

A series of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers were blended with aromatic hydrocarbon resins in the molten state in various ratios and possible relations between viscoelastic and adhesion properties as hot-melt adhesives (HMAs) were investigated. When the softening point of aromatic hydrocarbon resin was high and the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbon resin was low, the tan δ peak height decreased and broadened. This result corresponds to the miscibility of the blend. The single lap shear strength increased with increasing softening point of the aromatic hydrocarbon resin and it reached a maximum value with increasing temperature. A large scatter was observed in lap shear strength values, which were higher at higher test rates and lower temperatures, and under these conditions interfacial failure occurred.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of L‐Proline Methyl Ester Derivatives with the Iodosylbenzene/Trimethylsilylazide Reagent Combination. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Insertion loss for two microstrip ports coupled by proximity slots (2007)

A slot-coupled microstrip vertical interconnection was successfully used to interconnect two microstrip lines on two adjacent signal layers. The present study investigates an extension of this method, when two layers are separated by an air gap of a finite thickness h. Such a geometry implies a very short-range wireless link (slot-to-slot magnetic coupling). It may be of interest for high density three-dimensional microwave systems with rapidly replaceable components.
Development of mini-undulators for a table-top free-electron laser (2018)

Abstract The development of laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) over the past several years has led to an interest in very compact sources of X-ray radiation – such as “table-top” free electron lasers. However, the use of conventional undulators using permanent magnets also implies system sizes which are large. In this work, we assess the possibilities for the use of novel mini-undulators in conjunction with a LWFA so that the dimensions of the undulator become comparable with the acceleration distances for LWFA experiments (i.e., centimeters). The use of a prototype undulator using laser machining of permanent magnets for this application is described and the emission characteristics and limitations of such a system are determined. Preliminary electron propagation and X-ray emission measurements are taken with a LWFA electron beam at the University of Michigan.
U1, U2, and U6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are associated with large nuclear RNP particles containing transcripts of an amplified gene in vivo. (1986)

Nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that contain intact transcripts of the amplified gene for CAD, the multifunctional protein that initiates UMP synthesis in Syrian hamster cells, have been released from nuclei of Syrian hamster cells as large particulate structures that sediment at the 200S region in a sucrose gradient. By the technique of RNA hybridization, we have shown that U1, U2, and U6 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) cosediment with the large RNP particles in the sucrose gradients. Autoimmune sera from systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease patients, characterized as anti-(U1)RNP, have further been shown to immunoprecipitate CAD RNA along with U1 and U2 snRNAs from the fractionated nuclear 200S RNP particles. We conclude that U1, U2, and U6 snRNPs are integral constituents of the 200S RNP particles. The requirement of snRNPs for RNA processing that evidently occurs on RNP particles has been recently demonstrated. Our results thus suggest that the 200S RNPs are structurally and functionally close to the native particles on which RNA processing occurs.
Short Paper: bufSTAT - a tool for early detection and classification of buffer overflow attacks (2006)

Buffer overflows constitute by far the most frequently encountered class of attacks against computer systems. In this paper we introduce a tool, termed bufSTAT that achieves a low probability of false alarm and issues early attack warnings. BufSTAT relies on Finite State Machines (FSM) for attack modeling and can detect every stage of an ongoing attack and can thus prevent its execution by issuing early warning in a progressive manner. It can also detect sophisticated multi-stage attacks that are executed over long periods of time. A significant attribute of our approach is that it is amenable to detecting unknown attacks as well after appropriate modification of bufSTAT.
A boron-transfer mechanism mediating the thermally induced revival of frustrated carbene–borane pairs from their shelf-stable adducts (2021)

Chemists have designed strategies that trigger the conformational isomerization of molecules in response to external stimuli, which can be further applied to regulate the complexation between Lewis acids and bases. We have recently developed a system in which frustrated carbene-borane pairs are revived from shelf-stable but external-stimuli-responsive carbene-borane adducts comprised of N-phosphine-oxide-substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms) and triarylboranes. Herein, we report the detailed mechanism on this revival process. A thermally induced borane-transfer process from the carbene carbon atom to the N-phosphinoyl oxygen atom initiates the transformation of the carbene-borane adduct. Subsequent conformational isomerization via the rotation of the N-phosphinoyl group in PoxIm moieties eventually leads to the revival of frustrated carbene-borane pairs that can cleave H<sub>2</sub>. We believe that this work illustrates an essential role of dynamic conformational isomerization in the regulation of the reactivity of external-stimuli-responsive Lewis acid-base adducts that contain multifunctional substituents.
Flexural/Tensile‐Strength Ratio in Engineered Cementitious Composites (1994)

In this paper the flexural behavior of a strain‐hardening engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is studied and compared with that observed in a regular fiber‐reinforced cementitious composite (FRC). Unlike concrete or regular FRC, ECC materials are characterized by their ability to sustain higher levels of loading after first cracking while undergoing additional straining. This strain‐hardening behavior gives ECCs a significant advantage under flexural loading. In quasi‐brittle material such as regular FRC, the ratio of flexural strength (the modulus of rupture) to tensile strength is known to vary between 1 and 3, depending on the details of the reinforcement and the geometry of the specimen. In this paper, the strain‐hardening behavior observed in an ECC led to a high flexural‐strength‐to‐tensile‐strength ratio. In a third‐point bending test, the flexural strength of an ECC was measured to be five times its tensile (first‐cracking) strength. This result was also predicted by a simple theoretical model. The model can be used for the purpose of optimizing the flexural strength of ECCs.
Opportunities and Challenges of mmWave NR (2019)

The realization of a seamless, fully connected world requires enhancements to our current communications technology, from both a network infrastructure perspective and a user equipment (UE) perspective. These demands are directly driven by the consumer's expectations, application requirements, and saturation of frequency bands used in current spectrum. The fifth generation (5G) of mobile communication networks, and specifically millimeter-wave (mmWave) New Radio (NR), aims to enable this future with ultra-low-latency, ultra-wideband services, opening up a whole new era of applications and services, much like 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) did a decade ago. To enable 5G, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is focusing on defining the technical specifications for NR technology, as well as enhancements to the current LTE. However, enabling and launching 5G NR presents both technological opportunities and challenges. In this column, we explore how 5G mmWave challenges are being approached in 3GPP standardization and how solutions can enable the technology to help achieve broader bandwidths and harness some of the inherent benefits of higher-frequency communications.
Design and synthesis of nematic liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy (1999)

Axially fluorinated cyclohexane derivatives are a promising new type of liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy. Up to now, the technical application of these materials in LCDs was impeded by their strong tendency to form smectic B mesophases. We present a convenient synthetic pathway leading to new homologues carrying alkenyl side chains which induce nematic phases.
Improvement of silicon solar cell efficiency by ion beam sputtered deposition of AlO_xN_y thin films (2011)

Negative charge material, AlOxNy, has been fabricated to passivate the surface of p-type silicon. The fabrication of AlOxNy was possible by using ion beam sputtering deposition to deposit AlN thin film on the surface of a p-type silicon wafer and following annealing in oxygen ambient. Capacitance-voltage analysis shows the fixed charge density has increased from 10(11) cm(-2) to 2.26×10(12) cm(-2) after annealing. The solar cell efficiency increased from 15.9% to 17.3%, which is also equivalent to the reduction of surface recombination velocity from 1×10(5) to 32 cm/s.
Psychosine, a marker of Krabbe phenotype and treatment effect (2017)

Newborn screening (NBS) for Krabbe disease, a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by deficient galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme activity, has recently been implemented in a number of US states. However, the spectrum of phenotypic manifestations associated with deficient GALC activity complicates the management of screen-positive newborns and underscores the need to identify clinically relevant biomarkers. Earlier studies with a small number of patients identified psychosine, a substrate of the GALC enzyme, as a potential biomarker for Krabbe disease. In this study, we provide, for the first time, longitudinal data on dried blood spot (DBS) psychosine concentrations in different Krabbe disease phenotypes for both untreated patients and those treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Our cohort included patients previously identified by NBS to be at high risk to develop Krabbe disease. Substantially elevated DBS psychosine concentration during the newborn period was found to be a highly specific marker for infantile Krabbe disease. This finding supports the use of DBS psychosine concentration as a second-tier NBS test to aid in the identification of patients who require urgent evaluation for HSCT. In addition, longitudinal assessments showed that both natural disease progression and treatment with HSCT were associated with decreases in DBS psychosine concentrations. Based on these findings we provide recommendations for the interpretation of psychosine concentrations in DBS specimens collected during the first year of life. Future studies should aim to better delineate the relationship between DBS psychosine concentration and disease onset in patients with later-onset forms of Krabbe disease.
Nonmonotonic spatial structure of interneuronal correlations in prefrontal microcircuits (2018)

Correlated fluctuations of single neuron discharges, on a mesoscopic scale, decrease as a function of lateral distance in early sensory cortices, reflecting a rapid spatial decay of lateral connection probability and excitation. However, spatial periodicities in horizontal connectivity and associational input as well as an enhanced probability of lateral excitatory connections in the association cortex could theoretically result in nonmonotonic correlation structures. Here, we show such a spatially nonmonotonic correlation structure, characterized by significantly positive long-range correlations, in the inferior convexity of the macaque prefrontal cortex. This functional connectivity kernel was more pronounced during wakefulness than anesthesia and could be largely attributed to the spatial pattern of correlated variability between functionally similar neurons during structured visual stimulation. These results suggest that the spatial decay of lateral functional connectivity is not a common organizational principle of neocortical microcircuits. A nonmonotonic correlation structure could reflect a critical topological feature of prefrontal microcircuits, facilitating their role in integrative processes.
Purification and characterization of chymotrypsin-like proteinase from Euphausia superba. (1985)

Proteinase A2, a chymotrypsin type enzyme, was purified about 280-fold from an extract of Euphausia superba by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The final preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous. The molecular weight was 29, 000. The optimum pH was 8.0 and the optimum temperature was 45°C. Proteinase A2 hydrolyzed casein but not benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide, unlike other serine proteinases from antarctic krill.1) This enzyme was inhibited by DFP, PMSF, soybean trypsin inhibitor, but not TLCK, leupeptin, or antipain. Proteinase A2 could hydrolyze benzoyl-tyrosineethylester and was inhibited by chymostatin. These results suggest that proteinase A2 from antarctic krill seemed to be a new type of anionic chymotrypsin.
Efforts toward the synthesis of taxane natural products (1996)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 1996.
Advanced HF SiC MOS devices (2009)

The characteristics of Silicon Carbide, 1200 V, 20 A MOSFETs have been described from a user's perspective. DC and dynamic characteristics of SiC MOSFETs have been compared with Si 900 V Super Junction MOSFET (SJMOSFET), Si 1200 V MOSFET and IGBTs. The advantages of SiC MOSFET are their lower turn-off losses, lower conduction losses and lower gate charge. However, they have low output impedance, low transconductance and low threshold voltage. These factors should be taken into account when designing the gate drive and fault detection circuits. The use of the internal body diode is not recommended for SiC MOSFETs due to its high voltage drop and therefore considerations for choosing the rating of external SiC Schottky diode have been presented. The absence of turn-off current tail results in voltage overshoot and ringing and therefore careful minimization of parasitics in the gate drive and load circuits is required. Finally, the results of reliability tests on SiC MOSFETs have been summarized.
Scalable and Efficient Multipath Routing: Complexity and Algorithms (2015)

A fundamental unsolved challenge in multipath routing is to provide disjoint end-to-end paths, each one satisfying certain operational goals (e.g., shortest possible), without overwhelming the data plane with prohibitive amount of forwarding state. In this paper, we study the problem of finding a pair of shortest disjoint paths that can be represented by only two forwarding table entries per destination. Building on prior work on minimum length redundant trees, we show that the underlying mathematical problem is NP-complete and we present heuristic algorithms that improve the known complexity bounds from cubic to the order of a single shortest path search. Finally, by extensive simulations we find that it is possible to very closely attain the absolute optimal path length with our algorithms (the gap is just 1 -- 5%), eventually opening the door for wide-scale multipath routing deployments.
STUDIES ON α-[6-(2′-METHOXYNAPHTHALENYL)-4-PHENYLPYRIMIDINYLTHIO]-β/-(4-PHENYLBENZOYL)PROPIONIC ACID AND THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME PRODUCTS (1994)

Abstract β-(4-phenylbenzoyl)acrylic acid I reacted with 6-(2′-methoxynaphthalenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidine-2(1H)thione to furnish α-[6-(2′-methoxynaphthalenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidinylthio]-β-(4-phenylbenzoyl)propionic acid II. Dehydration of acid II aforded furanone derivative III. The behaviour of III towards hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, primary amines, aromatic hydrocarbons (under Friedel-Crafts conditions) and carbon nucleophiles (under Grignard conditions) has been investigated.
Genomics Approaches to the Study of Neurodegeneration (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Causes of Neurodegeneration Gene Expression Studies in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Concluding Remarks References
Dead-time correction for an orbiting rod normalization in a cylindrical PET system (2004)

Orbiting rod source coincidence acquisitions may exhibit a significant amount of dead-time, depending on the system geometry and the rod source activity. This dead-time is a function of the relative location between the rod source and the crystals in the block detector and, therefore, varies across the sinogram row. Methods: Normalization scans were acquired on a GE Discovery ST positron emission tomography (PET)-CT system using three different rod activities and of duration such that the total acquired counts (T+S+R) were held constant. To develop a model of the dead-time, acquisitions at six static source locations, centered over each crystal in a single block detector, were acquired for each of the rod activity levels. The resultant block busy data were analyzed such that the profile of block busy as the rod traversed all lines-of-response (with respect to the said block) was found. The profile was fit with a Gaussian function and parameterized by full-width at half-maximum and amplitude. For image analysis, a 20 cm uniform cylinder and a whole-body patient scan were analyzed in reconstructed image space. The datasets were reconstructed with each uncorrected normalization, then with the normalization corrected for dead-time. Results: A model has been determined allowing application of dead-time correction to an orbiting rod normalization scan based on measured block-busy in the normalization raw data. Bias and variance effects were removed from reconstructed images. Conclusion : The model corrects for dead-time effects in the normalization. Analysis of image quality impact shows that bias and variance effects can be reduced to insignificant levels.
Supplementary Figure S6 from PTEN Regulates Glutamine Flux to Pyrimidine Synthesis and Sensitivity to Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S6. ATR signaling defects contribute to synthetic lethality.&lt;/p&gt;
Cluster cosmology with the NIKA2 SZ Large Program (2020)

The main limiting factor of cosmological analyses based on thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) cluster statistics comes from the bias and systematic uncertainties that affect the estimates of the mass of galaxy clusters. High-angular resolution SZ observations at high redshift are needed to study a potential redshift or morphology dependence of both the mean pressure profile and of the mass-observable scaling relation used in SZ cosmological analyses. The NIKA2 camera is a new generation continuum instrument installed at the IRAM 30-m telescope. With a large field of view, a high angular resolution and a high-sensitivity, the NIKA2 camera has unique SZ mapping capabilities. In this paper, we present the NIKA2 SZ large program, aiming at observing a large sample of clusters at redshifts between 0.5 and 0.9, and the characterization of the first cluster oberved with NIKA2.
Safety And Clinical Efficacy Of Early Vaccination After Nonmyeloablative Transplant For Advanced Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2010)

We recently demonstrated that early post-transplant vaccination of patients with myeloid leukemia with irradiated autologous tumor cells, virally transduced to express the potent cytokine adjuvant GM-CSF, is a promising approach to enhance anti-leukemia immunity with minimal toxicity (Ho et al, PNAS 2009). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an ideal disease to extend this treatment approach since it is incurable by conventional chemotherapy, is sensitive to graft-versus-leukemia effects, and has readily harvestable leukemia cells. However, viral transduction of lymphoid cells is inefficient, and GM-CSF-based cellular vaccines have thus far been unavailable for CLL. To address this limitation, we manufactured K562 cells engineered to secrete high and consistent levels of GM-CSF (10 micrograms GM-CSF/106 cells/24 hours), and initiated a phase I study to test the effects of a post-transplant vaccine consisting of 1 x 107 irradiated autologous CLL cells together with an equal number of irradiated bystander GM-K562 cells. CD19+CD5+CLL cells were harvested from patient peripheral blood or marrow and banked prior to salvage chemotherapy. To date, we have enrolled 13 patients with CLL, who had experienced a median of 4 prior therapies (range 2-8). Median CLL marrow involvement at transplant was 10% (range <5-50%). Patients were conditioned with a fludarabine/busulfex-based reduced-intensity regimen prior to infusion of peripheral blood stem cells from a matched related (4) or unrelated (9) donor, and received tacrolimus as GvHD prophylaxis throughout the vaccination period. Starting on day 30-45, vaccines were administered as a cycle of 6 vaccines (s.c./i.d., every week x 3, then every 2 weeks x 3). Ten of 13 patients received at least one vaccine, and 7 of 10 received 3 or more vaccines. Three of 13 developed graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prior to day 45, precluding vaccination. Four of the 10 vaccinated subjects developed grade II GvHD. None experienced unexpected toxicities to vaccines. At a median follow-up of 1 year (range 0.5-2 years), 9 of 10 vaccinated subjects remain free of disease, and 1 patient remains in partial remission. Our studies reveal that reduced intensity transplant followed by early CLL/GM-K562 vaccination is well-tolerated and does not increase the expected rate of GvHD. Early clinical results are promising and ongoing studies are assessing the effects of the vaccination on the induction of immunity against recipient CLL cells.