gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trench-trench leakage current characteristics in the stacked trench capacitor (STT) cell (1991)

Intercell leakage current characteristics of a stacked trench capacitor cell (STT) are investigated. The primary obstacle in downscaling the trench capacitor is the intercell leakage current caused by the parasitic field MOS transistor. This leakage current, called surface leakage current, is significantly reduced in the STT. This reduction results from the STT structure itself. In the STT, the sidewall of the field oxide between neighboring trenches is covered by the storage node electrode. Therefore, most of the electric field lines, originating at the plate electrode, terminate on the storage node electrode. The influence of the plate bias on the Si surface potential beneath the field oxide is weakened by the storage node electrode. The STT has superior trench-trench isolation characteristics, and it is a promising structure for the 16-Mb DRAM and beyond.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A stochastic model predictive control approach for series hybrid electric vehicle power management (2010)

This paper illustrates the use of stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) for power management in vehicles equipped with advanced hybrid powertrains. Hybrid vehicles use two or more distinct power sources for propulsion, and their complex powertrain architecture requires the coordination of all the subsystems to achieve target performances in terms of fuel consumption, driveability, component life-time, exhaust emissions. Many control strategies have been presented and successfully applied, mainly based on heuristics or rules and tuned on certain reference drive cycles. To take into account that cycles are not exactly known a priori in driving routine, this paper proposes a stochastic approach for the power management problem. We focus on a series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), which combines an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. The power demand from the driver is modeled as a Markov chain estimated on several driving cycles and used to generate scenarios in the SMPC law. Simulation results over a standard driving cycle are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic approach and compared with other deterministic approaches.
Uptake and subcellular distribution of 51Cr in Gomori-positive astrocytes in primary culture. (1995)

An unusual population of astrocytes containing Gomori-positive inclusions occurs in periventricular regions of the brain in all mammalian species. The inclusions are autofluorescent and exhibit non-enzymatic peroxidase activity. Estradiol treatment in vivo and cysteamine treatment in vitro have been shown to increase the number and size of these inclusions. Recent studies indicate that the Gomori inclusions are accumulations of autophagocytized abnormal mitochondria. The mitochondrial changes initiating Gomori inclusion formation begin with a loss of cristae. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis also reveals small emission peaks indicative of chromium. The appearance of chromium peaks in the initial stages of mitochondrial transformation suggests that enhanced permeability to chromium could play a causal role in generating Gomori inclusions. In the present study, we have examined the uptake and intracellular distribution of chromium during Gomori inclusion formation in cysteamine-treated cultured astrocytes. 51Cr was added to the media of glial cultures 24 hours prior to the initiation of the formation of Gomori inclusions by the addition of cysteamine. Cultures were fixed and prepared for EM radioautography at 12, 24, and 72 hours following the addition of cysteamine. 51Cr was added to control cells but they were not treated with cysteamine, and, they did not, therefore, develop Gomori inclusions. Cysteamine exposure resulted in a rapid sustained increase in radiolabel over the astrocytes. Much of the label was concentrated over mitochondria. At the late time points, label concentrated progressively over developing Gomori inclusions. These results confirm that the onset of Gomori inclusion formation coincides with increase cellular permeability to chromium and they indicate that uptake of chromium by mitochondria may play an important role in initiating development of these structures.
Development of automated high-speed depalletizing system for complex stacking on roll box pallets (2019)

The need for automated distribution systems has recently grown due to labor shortages and an increasing preference among consumers to shop online. The process of depalletizing roll box pallets (RBPs) requires skillful work in a limited space, but an automated RBP depalletizing system with a speed equal to or exceeding that of human workers has yet to be developed. We solved this issue using two technologies. One is a system design and the other is an algorithm for prioritizing the packages to be removed from the stack. We designed a highspeed depalletizing system that can be installed in a narrow space at the distribution site. Equipped with a compact linear actuator mechanism, the system utilizes an end effector that can handle multiple packages simultaneously. Moreover, by optimizing the process of transferring packages on the system, we increased the speed. Our algorithm for prioritizing packages allows the proper selection of packages held simultaneously for faster depalletizing. However, if the height of complexly stacked packages is not known, depalletizing is difficult. To solve this issue, we developed an algorithm with special rules. Finally, we conducted depalletizing trials with the latest prototype system using different arrangements of stacked packages, and achieved an average speed of 683 packages per hour.
Photodeoxygenation of Dibenzothiophene S-Oxide Derivatives in Aqueous Media (2010)

The use of atomic oxygen (O((3)P)) as potent oxidant in water has suffered from the lack of a facile, efficient source. The photodeoxygenation of aromatic sulfoxides to the corresponding sulfides in organic solvents has been suggested to produce O((3)P) in low quantum yields. The photolysis of 4,6-dihydroxymethyldibenzothiophene S-oxide and 2,8-dihydroxymethyldibenzothiophene S-oxide in water results in deoxygenation at significantly higher quantum yields than in organic solvents. Depending upon conditions, a variable amount of oxidation of the hydroxymethyl substituent into an aldehyde was observed to accompany deoxygenation. Analysis of the photoproducts indicated the deoxygenation occurred by at least two different pH-sensitive mechanisms. Under basic conditions, photoinduced electron transfer yielding a hydroxysulfuranyl radical that decomposed by heterolytic S-O cleavage was thermodynamically feasible. The thermodynamics of photoinduced electron transfer were expected to become increasingly unfavorable as the pH of the solution decreased. Thus, at neutral and acidic pH, an S-O bond scission mechanism was suspected. The observed increase in the photodeoxygenation quantum yields was consistent with charge separation accompanying S-O bond scission. Oxidative cleavage of alkenes in aerobic conditions suggested O((3)P) was produced during photolysis in these conditions; however, the formation of discrete O(*-)/HO(*) may occur, particularly at low pH.
Current-driven synchronous rectification technique for flyback topology (2002)

For low voltage, high current application, synchronous rectification technique can help improve efficiency in a flyback converter. This paper investigates some technical challenges within a synchronous rectification flyback converter. One of the major problems is that the discontinuous current mode (DCM) operation is not achievable with a control-driven or self-driven synchronous rectifier. Continuous current mode operation may introduce excessive RMS current and circulation energy at light load or high line condition. To solve this problem, we propose to use an energy recovery current-driven synchronous rectifier for flyback topology. Analysis and experiments demonstrate the performance of this approach.
Influence of pressure solution and evaporate heterogeneity on the geo-mechanical behavior of salt caverns (2022)

Salt caverns provide large-scale storage volumes for green gases, especially green hydrogen. This makes them quite attractive and feasible for scaling up renewable energy development plans. Accurate characterization of the subsurface properties, specially the nonlinear time-dependent ones under varying gas pressures, plays a major role in safe operations. The present study is focused on studying the influence of pressure solution on the nonlinear deformation of salt caverns. Further a carnallite interlayer was incorporated to study its influence on the deformation in the presence of pressure solution. To this end, we present rigorous finite element computational analyses to model heterogeneous geo-mechanical domain surrounding salt caverns with nonlinear creep deformation, and material heterogeneity.
Fighting Coordinated Attackers with Cross-Organizational Information Sharing. (2006)

In this paper we propose an architecture for using crossorganization information sharing to identify members of a group of hosts enslaved for malicious purposes on the Internet. We root our system in so-called &amp;quot;detectives&amp;quot;--- savvy network monitors like sophisticated intrusion detection systems or honeyfarms that have a deep understanding of malicious behavior. We augment information from these detectives with observations from a large array of &amp;quot;witnesses&amp;quot; that are already in-place at many locations in the network. These witnesses are not savvy enough to understand that a particular behavior is malicious, but their simple factual observations can be shared with a detective in order to form a broad picture of a group of bad actors. A key aspect of the system is the design of a lightweight mechanism to reliably share enough information between detectives and witnesses to form an understanding of a group of bad actors without sharing more information than necessary, in order to address privacy and competitive concerns.
The N-terminal 11 amino acids of human erythrocyte band 3 are critical for aldolase binding and protein phosphorylation: implications for band 3 function (2005)

The 911 amino acid band 3 (SLC4A1) is the major intrinsic membrane protein of red cells and is the principal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger. The N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of band 3 anchors the spectrin-based membrane skeleton to the lipid bilayer through its interaction with ankyrin and also binds glycolytic enzymes and hemoglobin. We identified a son of a consanguineous marriage with severe anemia in association with marked deficiency of band 3 (12% +/- 4% of normal). Direct nucleotide sequencing of SLC4A1 gene demonstrated a single base substitution (T --> C) at position + 2 in the donor splice site of intron 2, resulting in the generation of a novel mutant protein. Biochemical characterization of the mutant protein showed that it lacked the first 11 N-terminal amino acids (band 3 Neapolis). The expression of the mutant protein resulted in the complete absence of membrane-bound aldolase, and the mutant band 3 could not be tyrosine phosphorylated. The ability of the malarial parasite P falciparum to invade these red cells was significantly decreased. The identification of a novel band 3 mutant and its structural and functional characterization enabled us to identify pivotal roles for the 11 N-terminal amino acids in several protein functions and, in turn, in red-cell physiology.
Two-Step Route to Diverse N-Functionalized Peptidomimetic-like Isatins through an Oxidation/Intramolecular Oxidative-Amidation Cascade of Ugi Azide and Ugi Three-Component Reaction Products (2016)

Two-step methodology described herein showcases the first example of an oxidation/oxidative amidation cyclization cascade of MCR products toward diverse N-functionalized isatins. Products of both the Ugi 3CR and the Ugi azide reactions are oxidatively cyclized through a postcondensation process utilizing selenium dioxide. This methodology was found to be applicable for the generation of bis-peptidomimetic-like isatins containing multiple points of diversification.
Perspectives for self-driving labs in synthetic biology (2022)

Self-driving labs (SDLs) combine fully automated experiments with artificial intelligence (AI) that decides the next set of experiments. Taken to their ultimate expression, SDLs could usher a new paradigm of scientific research, where the world is probed, interpreted, and explained by machines for human benefit. While there are functioning SDLs in the fields of chemistry and materials science, we contend that synthetic biology provides a unique opportunity since the genome provides a single target for affecting the incredibly wide repertoire of biological cell behavior. However, the level of investment required for the creation of biological SDLs is only warranted if directed towards solving difficult and enabling biological questions. Here, we discuss challenges and opportunities in creating SDLs for synthetic biology.
A paramagnetic 1:1 adduct of triphenylphosphine and bis(diethyldihiophosphato)nickel(II) (1972)

N. Yoon, M. J. Incorvia and J. I. Zink, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 499 DOI: 10.1039/C39720000499
Vinylogous Urea Vitrimers and Their Application in Fiber Reinforced Composites (2018)

Vitrimers are covalently cross-linked polymeric materials that can be thermally processed in a liquid state without losing their network integrity. In this work, novel vitrimers based on the dynamic amine exchange reaction of vinylogous urea moieties are introduced. Following a systematic exploration of different vinylogous acyl compounds (urethanes, amides, and urea), vinylogous urea clearly emerges as showing the fastest intrinsic exchange kinetics. The combination of these networks with a simple acid catalyst (0.5 mol % pTsOH) resulted in materials with good mechanical properties (Tg ∼ 110 °C, E ∼ 2.2 GPa) and remarkably short relaxation times above Tg, in the order of a few seconds when heated. This attractive combination of properties made it possible to prepare vinylogous urea based composites as enduring prepregs. We demonstrate that the dynamic material properties give fully cured composites that still allow an efficient thermal fusion of multiple layers as well as thermoforming. Finally, we also demonstrate fiber recycling by a simple chemical treatment.
Enabling transparent technologies for the development of highly granular flexible optical cross-connects (2014)

Flexible optical networking is identified today as the solution that offers smooth system upgradability towards Tb/s capacities and optimized use of network resources. However, in order to fully exploit the potentials of flexible spectrum allocation and networking, the development of a flexible switching node is required capable to adaptively add, drop and switch tributaries with variable bandwidth characteristics from/to ultra-high capacity wavelength channels at the lowest switching granularity. This paper presents the main concept and technology solutions envisioned by the EU funded project FOX-C, which targets the design, development and evaluation of the first functional system prototype of flexible add-drop and switching cross-connects. The key developments enable ultra-fine switching granularity at the optical subcarrier level, providing end-to-end routing of any tributary channel with flexible bandwidth down to 10Gb/s (or even lower) carried over wavelength superchannels, each with an aggregated capacity beyond 1Tb/s.
Serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis as a prognostic marker and a real-time indicator of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) efficacy in stage III colon cancer (CC). (2018)

3516 Background: Adjuvant CT in stage III CC prevents recurrence by eradicating minimal residual disease (MRD) not visible on imaging. However, many patients (pts) will not have MRD and not all pts with MRD will benefit from standard CT. In this study, we determined (i) if the presence of ctDNA following surgery was predictive of recurrence following CT; (ii) if ctDNA could be used to determine the effectiveness of CT during treatment and (iii) if the presence of ctDNA following CT completion was predictive for later recurrence. Methods: Serial plasma samples from stage III CC pts planned for adjuvant CT were collected post-surgery, during CT and at treatment completion. Somatic mutations in individual tumors were identified via massively parallel sequencing of 15 genes commonly mutated in colorectal cancer. Personalized Safe-SeqS assays to quantify ctDNA in plasma samples were designed. Clinicians were blinded to ctDNA results. Results: 95 pts were enrolled from Nov-2014 to May-2017, median age was 64 years. All received adjuvant CT and 19 (20%) had recurred at a median follow-up of 21.1 months. We observed an inferior recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the 19 of 95 pts (20%) with positive ctDNA post-surgery (HR, 3.52; p = 0.004). ctDNA status changed from positive to negative in 10 of 17 pts (59%) after 2 months of CT; and 9 of 18 pts (50%) at CT completion. Superior RFS was observed when ctDNA became undetectable after CT (HR 5.11; p = 0.02). Conversely, ctDNA status changed from negative to positive after CT in 6 of 71 pts (8%) and was associated with an inferior RFS (HR 5.30; p = 0.006). Finally, inferior RFS was seen in the 15 of 89 (17%) with positive ctDNA after adjuvant CT completion (HR, 7.14; p < 0.001). Conclusions: ctDNA can reveal the presence of residual metastatic cancer cells not apparent on imaging in stage III CC patients. Serial analysis of ctDNA can define subsets of pts benefiting or not benefiting from CT and is therefore a real-time marker of adjuvant treatment efficacy in solid tumors. Further studies are needed to define how best to use ctDNA analysis to guide a personalized and risk adjusted approach to the initiation and modification of adjuvant CT in stage III CC.
Targeted therapy by disablingcrossroadsignaling networks: the survivin paradigm (2006)

Embedded in the concept of targeted cancer therapy is the expectation that disabling a single oncogenic pathway will eliminate the tumor cells and leave the normal tissues unscathed. Although validated by clinical responses in certain malignancies, challenges exist to generalize this approach to most tumors, as multiple genetic lesions, chromosomal instability, insensitivity of the cancer stem cell compartment, and emergence of drug resistance complicate the identification and therapeutic exploitation of a single, driving oncogenic pathway. Instead, broader therapeutic prospects may be offered by targeting crossroad signaling networks that are selectively exploited in cancer and oversee multiple aspects of tumor cell maintenance. One such pathway is centered on survivin, a cancer gene that intersects cell proliferation, cell survival, and the cellular stress response. Several clinical trials targeting survivin with a collection of approaches from immunotherapy to small-molecule antagonists are currently under way. By simultaneously disabling multiple signaling circuitries, targeting survivin may provide a novel perspective in rational cancer therapy selective for specific cancer mechanisms but broadly applicable to disparate tumors regardless of their genetic makeup.
Thin-Film Carbon Nanofuses for Permanent Data Storage (2017)

In this study, we have fabricated nanofuses from thin-film, arc-deposited carbon for use in permanent data storage. Thin-film carbon fuses have fewer fabrication barriers and retain the required resistivity and structural stability to act as a data-storage medium. Carbon thin films were characterized for their electrical, microstructural, and chemical bonding properties. Annealing these films in an argon environment at 400 °C reduced the resistivity from about 4 × 10<sup>-2</sup> Ω cm as deposited to about 5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> Ω cm, allowing a lower blowing voltage. Nanofuses with widths ranging from 200 to 60 nm were fabricated and tested. They blow with voltages between 2 and 5.5 V, and the nanofuses remain stable in both "1" and "0" states under a constantly applied read voltage of 1 V for over 90 h.
Development of High Carbon HISTORY Steel Tube with Excellent Formability (2002)

Synopsis: Kawasaki Steel has developed the HISTORY process as a next generation technology of manufacturing electric resistance welded steel tubes. Steel tubes with excellent properties can be produced by warm-reducing process which is put into practice in the HISTORY process for the first time in the world. In high carbon steel tubes, spheroiding of cementite that takes some hours in conventional annealing methods can be completed in several seconds by warm-reducing process. This effect of warm-reducing process makes it possible to produce high carbon steel tubes of excellent formability with high productivity. The high carbon HISTORY steel tube having excellent formability enables cold forming of complicated shapes and reduced working force in cold working.
Bright narrowband source of photon pairs at optical telecommunication wavelengths using a type-II periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide (2007)

We report on the generation of narrowband photon pairs at telecommunication wavelengths using a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide that utilizes the nonlinear tensor element d(24) for type-II quasi phase matching. The FWHM bandwidth of the spontaneous parametric downconversion was 1 nm. The brightness of the photon pair source was ~6x10(5)/s/GHz when the pump power was 1 mW. The indistinguishability of the signal and idler photons generated by the degenerate spontaneous parametric downconversion process was studied in a Hong-Ou-Mandel type interference experiment.
A meta-analysis of N-acetylcysteine in contrast-induced nephrotoxicity: unsupervised clustering to resolve heterogeneity (2007)

This meta-analysis does not support the efficacy of NAC to prevent CIN.
No tumor-CD200 expression, please! (2006)

Comment on Moreaux et al, page [4194][1] 

This issue of Blood features a study suggesting that cancer patients whose myeloma cells express the molecule CD200, which is known to have important immunoregulatory properties, have a poorer prognosis than patients with CD200– tumors. 

Intense interest
An analysis of Ya-21U thermionic fuel elements test results (1996)

The Soviet made Ya‐21U unit of TOPAZ‐II space nuclear power system underwent numerous tests for almost 8000 hours, both in the USSR and in US. A change of the Ya‐21U unit performance was measured during these tests. In an attempt to identify the most probable causes of this change in performance, test results of the working section Thermionic Fuel Elements (TFEs) were examined and their volt‐ampere characteristics analyzed with the help of the Thermionic Transient Analysis Model (TITAM). Results showed significant increase in the effective emissivity and the cesiated work functions of the electrodes which caused both the emitter temperature and the output electric power to decrease. Impurities and air incursion in the interelectrode gap had changed surface properties of the electrodes, causing the average effective emissivity of the Ya‐21U unit TFEs to be ∼0.03–0.035 higher than for as fabricated TFEs. The cesiated work functions of the electrodes were higher than that for clean electrode materials, causing the Ya‐21U unit load electric power to decrease.