gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of PCB Surface Modifications on the EMC-to-PCB Adhesion in Electronic Packages (2010)

The characteristics of interfacial adhesion between epoxy molding compound (EMC) and printed circuit board (PCB) were investigated. The surface conditions of solder resist (SR) layers, which were used as an outer skin of PCB, were varied within the range that would be encountered in the manufacturing process and reliability test conditions. First, the number of times of plasma treatment on the SR surfaces and the delay time prior to EMC molding on them were considered to examine the surface cleaning process and the aging effect, respectively, on adhesion. Second, moisture on the surfaces of PCB prior to EMC molding and moisture absorption and desorption at the interface were considered to investigate the environmental effect on adhesion. An unsymmetric double cantilever beam test method was devised by modifying the conventional symmetrical double cantilever beam. As a result, the phase angle of fracture could be controlled to achieve stable crack propagation along the desired interface, which enabled valid adhesion energy to be measured. The adhesion energy increased with plasma treatment by over 50%, from 55 to 86 J/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The improved adhesion was attributed to the increased the polar groups on the SR surface due to plasma treatment, which helped enhanced chemical bonding between the EMC resin and the SR resin. However, excessive plasma was counterproductive as it weakened the SR surface and caused cohesive crack propagation to occur within the SR layer. Adhesion remained nearly constant for delay time up to several hours between plasma treatment and EMC molding. However, small degradation of adhesion was observed when the delay time was extended to 12 h. Moisture on and in the SR material before EMC molding had a significant effect on adhesion. Absorbed moisture at the interface decreased the adhesion. However, when the moisture was baked out, adhesion was recovered almost to the original reference.
Delay-Optimal Broadcast for Multihop Wireless Networks Using Self-Interference Cancellation (2011)

Conventional wireless broadcast protocols rely heavily on the 802.11-based CSMA/CA model, which avoids interference and collision by conservative scheduling of transmissions. While CSMA/CA is amenable to multiple concurrent unicasts, it tends to degrade broadcast performance significantly, especially in lossy and large-scale networks. In this paper, we propose a new protocol called Chorus that improves the efficiency and scalability of broadcast service with a MAC/PHY layer that allows packet collisions. Chorus is built upon the observation that packets carrying the same data can be effectively detected and decoded, even when they overlap with each other and have comparable signal strengths. It resolves collision using symbol-level interference cancellation, and then combines the resolved symbols to restore the packet. Such a collision-tolerant mechanism significantly improves the transmission diversity and spatial reuse in wireless broadcast. Chorus' MAC-layer cognitive sensing and scheduling scheme further facilitates the realization of such an advantage, resulting in an asymptotic broadcast delay that is proportional to the network radius. We evaluate Chorus' PHY-layer collision resolution mechanism with symbol-level simulation, and validate its network-level performance via ns-2, in comparison with a typical CSMA/CA-based broadcast protocol. Our evaluation validates Chorus's superior performance with respect to scalability, reliability, delay, etc., under a broad range of network scenarios (e.g., single/multiple broadcast sessions, static/mobile topologies).
Experimental test of Bell's inequality based on color (1990)

Nondegenerate parametric downconversion can be thought of as a process where single pump photons are downconverted to pairs of longer wavelength photons that are emitted simultaneously in directions satisfying the phase matching conditions and energy conservation. Pair photons can be selectively detected using suitably placed single photon counting detectors and coincidence counting techniques.
Phase segregation in mixed-halide perovskites affects charge-carrier dynamics while preserving mobility (2021)

Mixed halide perovskites can provide optimal bandgaps for tandem solar cells which are key to improved cost-efficiencies, but can still suffer from detrimental illumination-induced phase segregation. Here we employ optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy to investigate the impact of halide segregation on the charge-carrier dynamics and transport properties of mixed halide perovskite films. We reveal that, surprisingly, halide segregation results in negligible impact to the THz charge-carrier mobilities, and that charge carriers within the I-rich phase are not strongly localised. We further demonstrate enhanced lattice anharmonicity in the segregated I-rich domains, which is likely to support ionic migration. These phonon anharmonicity effects also serve as evidence of a remarkably fast, picosecond charge funnelling into the narrow-bandgap I-rich domains. Our analysis demonstrates how minimal structural transformations during phase segregation have a dramatic effect on the charge-carrier dynamics as a result of charge funnelling. We suggest that because such enhanced recombination is radiative, performance losses may be mitigated by deployment of careful light management strategies in solar cells.
Capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry through a coaxial sheath flow interface and semi‐permanent phospholipid coating for the determination of oligosaccharides labeled with 1‐aminopyrene‐3,6,8‐trisulfonic acid (2012)

For the first time, a semi-permanent phospholipid coating is utilized in capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). Although phospholipids in free solution are generally avoided in ESI, they did not interfere with the detection of linear and branched oligosaccharides using ESI operated in negative mode. The CE and ESI were coupled using a coaxial sheath flow interface. The separation was operated in reversed polarity and the electroosmotic flow was effectively suppressed by the phospholipid coating. The method was characterized with linear oligosaccharides and used to monitor the enzymatic hydrolysis of maltooligosaccharides with α-amyloglucosidase. Branched oligosaccharides were separated and detected with the system. The enzyme β1-4 galactosidase was used to distinguish branched isomeric oligosaccharides derived from asialofetuin.
Data from Datopotamab Deruxtecan, a Novel TROP2-directed Antibody–drug Conjugate, Demonstrates Potent Antitumor Activity by Efficient Drug Delivery to Tumor Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is highly expressed on various epithelial tumors and correlates with poor prognosis. We developed the novel TROP2-directed antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd, DS-1062a), with a potent DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor (DXd), and evaluated its antitumor activity and safety profiles in preclinical models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pharmacologic activity and mechanism of action of Dato-DXd were investigated in several human cancer cell lines and xenograft mouse models including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Safety profiles were also assessed in rats and cynomolgus monkeys.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dato-DXd bound specifically to TROP2 and was internalized into tumor cells followed by intracellular trafficking to lysosome and DXd release, which induced DNA damage and apoptosis in TROP2-expressing tumor cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Dato-DXd exhibited &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; antitumor activity with DNA damage induced by the accumulated DXd in TROP2-expressing xenograft tumors, but neither isotype control IgG-ADC nor anti-TROP2 antibody had this effect. Dato-DXd also showed potent antitumor activity with tumor regression in several TROP2-expressing xenograft tumors including NSCLC PDX models. Safety profiles of Dato-DXd in rats and cynomolgus monkeys were acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dato-DXd demonstrated potent antitumor activity against TROP2-expressing tumors by efficient payload delivery into tumors and acceptable safety profiles in preclinical models. These results suggest Dato-DXd could be a valuable treatment option for patients with TROP2-expressing tumors in the clinical setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mutation screening in Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome: identification of a novel de novo PHF6 mutation in a female patient (2005)

The results indicate that the success of PHF6 screening in males suspected of having BFLS is markedly increased if there is a positive family history and/or skewed X-inactivation is found in the mother.
Experimental and simulated analysis of p a-Si:H defects on silicon heterojunction solar cells: trade-offs between VOC and FF (2015)

We investigate the effects of p a-Si:H emitter layer defects on n-type silicon heterojunction solar cells (SHJ) by experimental and simulated device analysis. Simulation of interdigitated back contact heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cells shows that reducing the p-layer dangling bond density (Ddb) > 5×1018 cm-3eV-1 is an effective way to simultaneously increase VOC and FF. We use front and rear heterojunction test structures to diagnose the trade-offs between VOC and FF. Analysis of the dark current-voltage (JV) characteristics and suns-VOC curves of IBC-SHJ cells with different emitter p-layers shows the benefits of a low-high doping stack emitter structure where the lowly doped layer has less defects, providing low surface recombination, while the high doped layer enhances carrier transport and contacting. By utilizing the stack emitter structure we achieved IBC-SHJ solar cell with 20.2% efficiency.
Augmenting the educational curriculum with the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge: Opportunities and pitfalls (2013)

With its mission to move science into practice, the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge has become an integrated part of the annual Visual Analytics Science and Technology Conference since its inception in 2006. In this article, we discuss how we can transfer this objective into a classroom setting by using the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge datasets and by encouraging student submissions to the challenge. By means of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives for Knowledge-Based Goals, we show how the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge enables the integration of additional learning objectives into two types of courses: a dedicated course that focuses on the contest participation and an integrated course that uses the contest data to emphasize practical course elements. The core contribution of this article is that we assess the opportunities and pitfalls that we experienced at the University of Konstanz in Germany and Virginia Tech in the United States when augmenting the educational curriculum with the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge.
Effective posttransplant antitumor immunity is associated with TLR-stimulating nucleic acid–immunoglobulin complexes in humans (2011)

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), whereby donor mononuclear cells are infused into patients, is one of the few effective immunotherapeutic strategies that generate long-lasting tumor remissions. We previously demonstrated that chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients treated with DLI develop high-titer plasma antibodies specific for CML-associated antigens, the majority of which have been reported to bind nucleic acids These observations led us to predict that circulating antibody-antigen complexes in DLI-responsive patients carry nucleic acids that can engage innate immune sensors. Consistent with this, we report here that post-DLI plasma from 5 CML patients that responded to DLI treatment induced massive upregulation of MIP-1α, IP-10, and IFN-α in normal blood mononuclear cells. Importantly, this was not observed with plasma obtained before DLI and from DLI nonresponders and imatinib-treated patients. This endogenous immunostimulatory activity required nucleic acid and protein for its adjuvant effect and activated antigen-presenting cells through the RNA and DNA sensors TLR8 and TLR9. Presence of the immunoglobulin Fc receptor CD32 enhanced cellular responses, suggesting that immunoglobulins associate with this activity. Finally, a TLR-induced expression signature was detectable in post-DLI but not pre-DLI blood, consistent with an active circulating TLR8/9-stimulating factor. We have therefore demonstrated that effective tumor immunity correlates with the presence of endogenous nucleic acid-immunoglobulin complexes in patient plasma, thus providing a putative mechanism for the induction of potent antigen-specific immunity against malignant cells.
Immunoglobulin A-Mediated Protection againstBordetella pertussisInfection (2001)

Infection with Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough) in humans, is followed by the production of antibodies of several isotypes, including immunoglobulin A (IgA). Little is known, however, about the role of IgA in immunity against pertussis. Therefore, we studied targeting of B. pertussis to the myeloid receptor for IgA, FcalphaRI (CD89), using either IgA purified from immune sera of pertussis patients or bispecific antibodies directed against B. pertussis and FcalphaRI (CD89 BsAb). Both IgA and CD89 BsAb facilitated FcalphaRI-mediated binding, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and PMNL originating from human FcalphaRI-transgenic mice. Importantly, FcalphaRI targeting resulted in enhanced bacterial clearance in lungs of transgenic mice. These data support the capacity of IgA to induce anti-B. pertussis effector functions via the myeloid IgA receptor, FcalphaRI. Increasing the amount of IgA antibodies induced by pertussis vaccines may result in higher vaccine efficacy.
Mapping of DNA methylation-sensitive cellular processes in gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts in the context of periodontal tissue homeostasis (2023)

Interactions between gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and oral pathogens contribute to the chronicity of inflammation in periodontitis. Epigenetic changes in DNA methylation are involved in periodontitis pathogenesis, and recent studies indicate that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors may protect against epithelial barrier disruption and bone resorption. To assess the impact of DNMT inhibition on GFs, cells were cultured with decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DAC) for 12 days to induce DNA hypomethylation. We observed several potentially detrimental effects of DAC on GF biological functions. First, extended treatment with DAC reduced GF proliferation and induced necrotic cell death. Second, DAC amplified <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>- and cytokine-induced expression and secretion of the chemokine CCL20 and several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP1, MMP9, and MMP13. Similar pro-inflammatory effects of DAC were observed in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Third, DAC upregulated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which was associated with increased <i>P. gingivalis</i> adherence to GFs and may contribute to bacterial dissemination. Finally, analysis of DAC-induced genes identified by RNA sequencing revealed increased expression of <i>CCL20</i>, <i>CCL5</i>, <i>CCL8</i>, <i>CCL13</i>, <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL1A</i>, <i>IL18, IL33</i>, and <i>CSF3</i>, and showed that the most affected processes were related to immune and inflammatory responses. In contrast, the genes downregulated by DAC were associated with extracellular matrix and collagen fibril organization. Our observations demonstrate that studies of DNMT inhibitors provide important insights into the role of DNA methylation in cells involved in periodontitis pathogenesis. However, the therapeutic potential of hypomethylating agents in periodontal disease may be limited due to their cytotoxic effects on fibroblast populations and stimulation of pro-inflammatory pathways.
Implementation of Torque Hole Filling for Transmission Shift Control (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Torque Hole Filling (THF) is a model based approach for controlling the automatic transmission clutches and input torque during a part-pedal upshift or zero-pedal downshift. A desired transmission output torque is first calculated and then the clutches and input torque are controlled to achieve that output torque. This is a system design approach with drivability as one of the direct design objectives.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents the control design and implementation of Torque Hole Filling. First, the paper introduces the topic, defines the terms, and explains the basic operation and intended result. Next, it describes how it works with one instance of implementation and its corresponding dynamics equations, for both torque transfer and ratio change phases. Lastly but most importantly, it covers the various robustness considerations for real-world applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
TRPV1 Nociceptor Activity Initiates USP5/T-type Channel-Mediated Plasticity (2016)

Peripheral nerve injury and tissue inflammation result in upregulation of the deubiquitinase USP5, thus causing a dysregulation of T-type calcium channel activity and increased pain sensitivity. Here, we have explored the role of afferent fiber activity in this process. Conditioning stimulation of optogenetically targeted cutaneous TRPV1 expressing nociceptors, but not that of non-nociceptive fibers, resulted in enhanced expression of USP5 in mouse dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn, along with decreased withdrawal thresholds for thermal and mechanical stimuli that abated after 24 hr. This sensitization was drastically reduced by an interfering peptide that prevented USP5-Cav3.2 association. Sensitization was relieved by pharmacological block of TRPV1 afferents, but not of myelinated neurons. In spinal cord slice recordings, we could optogenetically trigger an activity-dependent potentiation of presynaptic neurotransmission in the spinal dorsal horn that relied on Cav3.2 channel activity. This neuronal-activity-induced USP5 upregulation may underlie a protective, transient sensitization of the pain pathway.
Effect of Ozone Oxidation on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Exposing single-walled carbon nanotubes to room-temperature UV-generated ozone leads to an irreversible increase in their electrical resistance. We demonstrate that the increased resistance is due to ozone oxidation on the sidewalls of the nanotubes rather than at the end caps. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies show an increase in the defect density due to the oxidation of the nanotubes. Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that these defects represent the removal of pi-conjugated electron states near the Fermi level, leading to the observed increase in electrical resistance. Oxidation of carbon nanotubes is an important first step in many chemical functionalization processes. Because the oxidation rate can be controlled with short exposures, UV-generated ozone offers the potential for use as a low-thermal-budget processing tool.
Upper Limit on the Diffuse Flux of Ultrahigh Energy Tau Neutrinos from the Pierre Auger Observatory (2008)

The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to Earth-skimming tau neutrinos that interact in Earth's crust. Tau leptons from nu(tau) charged-current interactions can emerge and decay in the atmosphere to produce a nearly horizontal shower with a significant electromagnetic component. The data collected between 1 January 2004 and 31 August 2007 are used to place an upper limit on the diffuse flux of nu(tau) at EeV energies. Assuming an E(nu)(-2) differential energy spectrum the limit set at 90% C.L. is E(nu)(2)dN(nu)(tau)/dE(nu)<1.3 x 10(-7) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) in the energy range 2 x 10(17) eV< E(nu)< 2 x 10(19) eV.
Orthoacylimines: A New Class of Chiral Auxiliaries for Nucleophilic Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Imines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fin textures for real-time painterly aesthetics (2015)

We present a novel method for real-time stylized rendering in video games. Recent advances in painterly character authoring and rendering allow artists to create characters represented by 3D geometry as well as 3D paint strokes embedded on and around that geometry. The resulting 3D paintings are rendered in screen space using special-purpose offline rendering algorithms to achieve a unique painterly style. While providing novel styles for offline rendering, existing techniques do not support real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a method to interactively render these complex 3D paintings with a focus on character animation in video games. After observing that off-surface paint strokes can be interpreted as volumetric data in the proximity of 3D meshes, we review existing volumetric texture techniques and show that they are not adapted to paint strokes, which can be sparse and have a significant structure that should be preserved. We propose a method based on fin textures in which mesh edges are extended orthogonally off the surface and textured to replicate the results of the custom offline rendering method. Our algorithm uses a per-pixel normal calculation in order to fade in fin textures along boundary views. Our results demonstrate real-time performance using a commodity game engine while maintaining a painterly style comparable to offline methods.
Treatment of macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions (2011)

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a prevalent retinal vascular disease, second only to diabetic retinopathy. Previously there was no treatment for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and patients were simply observed for the development of severe complications, generally resulting in poor visual outcomes. The only treatment for branch vein occlusion (BRVO) was grid laser photocoagulation, which reduces edema very slowly and provides benefit in some, but not all patients. Within the past year, clinical trials have demonstrated the effects of three new pharmacologic treatments, ranibizumab, triamcinolone acetonide, and dexamethasone implants. The benefit/risk ratio is best for intraocular injections of ranibizumab, making this first-line therapy for most patients with CRVO or BRVO, while intraocular steroids are likely to play adjunctive roles. Standard care for patients with RVO has changed and will continue to evolve as results with other new agents are revealed.