gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Keynote Talk - Federated Learning: The Hype, State-of-the-Art and Open Challenges (2022)

The popularity of machine learning models has dramatically increased in a large variety of applications that affect people's daily lifes, including product recommendations, healthcare predictions and critical applications. This wide availability has at the same time raised questions about the trustworthiness, security, and privacy implications of using these systems. While novel technologies and methodologies have been emerging to protect the privacy and security of AI Systems, there are still open challenges that need to be addressed by the research community. Over the past years, my research has focused on the creation of defenses to protect the machine learning pipeline and the design of privacy-aware methodologies to enable the training of accurate machine learning models without transmitting the data to a central place. In this talk, I will focus on data privacy covering a game-changing paradigm known as federated learning [4], which to some extend addresses privacy concerns and regulations that prevent the free transmission and sharing of information. Federated learning is a technology that enables multiple participants owning private data to collaboratively train a single machine learning model while maintaining their training data locally. This is in sharp contrast to traditional machine learning where all data needs to be in a central place. Some argue that federated learning is a privacy-by-design technology given that it does not require data to be transmitted to a central place. However, there are still privacy risks that are relevant in some scenarios. Novel inference attacks that take advantage of the federated learning process have been demonstrated in the literature, resulting in a variety of defenses that aim to reduce these risks. I will present some of these attacks and several cryptographical and differential privacy techniques to deter them, including [5,7,8]. The plethora of defenses is particularly interesting given their diverse threat models and the divergent set of privacy requirements they address. In this talk I will demystify them. I will also explain some challenges related to manipulation attacks [6,9] and machine learning fairness [1] in the context of federated learning. Finally, I will touch upon transparency issues and how to enable accountability for regulated industries [2,3] and vertical federated learning [7]. This talk will go through the security and privacy challenges and solutions in federated learning systems.
Effect of Inertia for Shaft Movement generated by a Golf Swing (2016)

In aprvious study on representing shaft movement during a golf swing, we made a simulation model expressing golf club movement during a golf swing and demonstrated 3D club movement via an FEM model with shaft flexibility and the golfer's grip. We then computed the inertia force as input data. As a result, we concluded that this simulation model is able to represent behavior during the golf swing. However, there was a difference of deflection value near impact timing. Therefore, we are concerned that there is another cause for the shaft's deflection. Thus, we represented the deflection torque generated by the cross product of the shaft deflection and the inertia force. As for computing these input data, the shaft movement during the swing was measured with a 3D motion capture system (VICON Blade). The sampling frequency was 500 Hz and markers were attached to the shaft. Examinees were two average golfer's. Using these measured data, we simulated the shaft movement under four grip conditions with different grip stiffnesses. For the results of this simulation, the simulated deflection behavior was close to the measured deflection behavior with the deflection torque. Moreover, considering the fit grip condition, the deflection behaviors were improved. As a result of this research, we reached the following conclusion that the shaft movement is generated by a combination of the grip condition, vibration component of inertia force and the torque generated by the cross product.
Development and testing of a combined catalyst/sorbent core-in-shell material for the production of high concentration hydrogen (2008)

A combined catalyst and sorbent for the production of hydrogen from CH4 or CO was developed and tested. The combined catalyst and sorbent was a spherical multi-layered material having a CaO-based sorbent core and an outer shell composed mainly of alumina. The CaO sorbent core was employed to absorb CO2, one of the reaction products. The alumina shell protected the friable CaO core and also supported a Ni catalyst. The development of the material focused separately on the development of the core and shell. First, since the CO2 absorption capacity of CaO-based sorbents diminishes as they are repeatedly used and regenerated, the development of a more stable CaO-based sorbent was investigated. Both the addition of MgO, which acted as a sintering inhibitor, and severe initial calcination conditions for the CaO precursor limestone produced a more stable CaO sorbent. Second, an alumina-based material with good physical strength and high surface area was developed to serve as the shell of the core-in-shell material. The addition of either fine particle limestone or lanthanum oxide to the alumina shell formulation produced a material with enhanced physical strength, which was most likely due to the formation of a binding aluminate phase. Reaction testing of the core-in-shell pellets with a 3:1 molar ratio of H2O:CH4 in the feed produced a high concentration of H2 via simultaneous application of the steam-methane reforming reaction, the water-gas shift reaction and the reaction of CO2 with CaO. This testing was conducted with a tubular fixed bed reactor over a temperature range of 550650°C and a pressure range of 1.0-10.0 atm. The rapid absorption of CO2 by CaO produced CH4 and CO conversions greater than would have been possible without a sorbent. Lifecycle testing determined that a high concentration of H2 could be produced over 10 cycles of H2
Multiscalein situanalysis of the role of dyskerin in lung cancer cells (2012)

Dyskerin is one of the three subunits of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Very little is known about the role of dyskerin in the biology of the telomeres in cancer cells. In this study, we use a quantitative, multiscale 3D image-based in situ method and several molecular techniques to show that dyskerin is overexpressed in lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we show that dyskerin expression correlates with telomere length both at the cell population level--cells with higher dyskerin expression have short telomeres--and at the single cell level--the shortest telomeres of the cell are spatially associated with areas of concentration of dyskerin proteins. Using this in vitro model, we also show that exogenous increase in dyskerin expression confers resistance to telomere shortening caused by a telomerase inactivating drug. Finally, we show that resistance is achieved by the recovery of telomerase activity associated with dyskerin. In summary, using a novel multiscale image-based in situ method, we show that, in lung cancer cell lines, dyskerin responds to continuous telomere attrition by increasing the telomerase RNP activity, which in turn provides resistance to telomere shortening.
Novel Three-Dimensional MALDI Plate for Interfacing High-Capacity LC Separations with MALDI-TOF (2008)

Novel matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) sample plates employing collimated-hole structures have been developed that allow capture and concentration of samples while simultaneously acting as a sink for carrier solvents. These plates were designed to provide an efficient interface between higher-capacity liquid chromatography (LC) separations and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). LC-MALDI using conventional plates can accommodate the low-flow (< 1 microL/min) separation protocols typically used in on-line LC-MS methods, and can also be used with higher flow rate, larger columns, but are ultimately limited by the capacity of the two-dimensional surface onto which the sample is deposited. Typically, about 1 microL of chromatographic effluent plus 1 microL of matrix solution can be deposited and dried on a ca. 3 mm diameter spot. Deposition rates (spot dwell time) are determined by the chromatographic resolution and the flow rate. To overcome this limitation, a new three-dimensional MALDI sample plate has been developed using collimated-hole structures (CHS) with monolithic chromatography media filling the holes in the collimated-hole structures. These new plates retain all of the required features of conventional sample plates, commonly formed from stainless steel, but provide additional capacity for capturing and concentrating samples. Results are presented from reversed-phase separation of peptides on a 1 mm i.d. column operating at flow rate of 50 microL/min. Typically, 10 microL of effluent can be collected on a single spot, and sample and matrix dried on a 1 mm diameter spot, to yield about 30-fold enrichment of sample concentration in matrix crystals on the surface compared to the conventional plate. Sample loadings ranging from 1 fmol to 10 pmol/spot were investigated.
The pattern-recognition molecule Nod1 is localized at the plasma membrane at sites of bacterial interaction (2007)

The pattern-recognition molecule Nod1 is a critical sensor for bacterial derived diaminopimelic acid-containing peptidoglycan fragments which induces innate immune responses in epithelial cells. Here we report the subcellular localization of this protein in human epithelial cells. Nod1 is localized in the cytosol and at the plasma membrane in human cells. This membrane association is dependent on the integrity of the protein, on its signalling capacity and on an intact actin cytoskeleton. Signalling-inactive mutants of Nod1 or disruption of the actin cytoskeleton interferes with this localization pattern and impacts on downstream NF-kappaB activation. Moreover, the invasive bacterium Shigella flexneri was used as a model for physiological activation of Nod1. Imaging revealed that Nod1 is recruited to the site of bacterial entry, where it colocalizes with NEMO. Our data provide evidence that membrane association is linked to Nod1 function and, in view of recent findings on Nod2, that this may be a common feature of NLR family members.
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infections in Bangladeshi children: clinical and microbiological features. (1991)

Escherichia coli isolated from 389 children, less than 1-year of age with diarrhoea, were analyzed for the presence of Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) by their pattern of adherence to HeLa cells. EAggEC were isolated from 58 (14.8%) children either as a sole pathogen or in combination with other enteric pathogens. In 60% of these children EAggEC infection occurred in the second half of infancy (7-12 m). Thirty-eight of 47 children having EAggEC as a sole pathogen had watery diarrhoea along with vomiting (87%) and dehydration (74%). In contrast, 9 of the 47 cases had mucoid diarrhoea with infrequent vomiting and dehydration and frequent abdominal pain. Children infected with EAggEC were successfully rehydrated with oral rehydration solution (ORS) alone. Seventy-one percent of the EAggEC strains were resistant to more than three antibiotics. It was evident by phage pattern that various EAggEC strains were present in the population. The results indicated that infections with EAggEC may have a role in the development of diarrhoea among children less than 1-year of age in Bangladesh.
Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Facilitates Indium Oxide CO2 Photocatalysis (2020)

Nanoscale titanium nitride TiN is a metallic material that can effectively harvest sunlight over a broad spectral range and produce high local temperatures via the photothermal effect. Nanoscale indium oxide-hydroxide, In<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3-</sub> <sub>x</sub> (OH)<sub>y</sub> , is a semiconducting material capable of photocatalyzing the hydrogenation of gaseous CO<sub>2</sub> ; however, its wide electronic bandgap limits its absorption of photons to the ultraviolet region of the solar spectrum. Herein, the benefits of both nanomaterials in a ternary heterostructure: TiN@TiO<sub>2</sub> @In<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3-</sub> <sub>x</sub> (OH)<sub>y</sub> are combined. This heterostructured material synergistically couples the metallic TiN and semiconducting In<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3-</sub> <sub>x</sub> (OH)<sub>y</sub> phases via an interfacial semiconducting TiO<sub>2</sub> layer, allowing it to drive the light-assisted reverse water gas shift reaction at a conversion rate greatly surpassing that of its individual components or any binary combinations thereof.
Data from: Cutting through the complexity of cell collectives (2012)

Via strength in numbers, groups of cells can influence their environments in ways that individual cells cannot. Large-scale structural patterns and collective functions underpinning virulence, tumour growth and bacterial biofilm formation are emergent properties of coupled physical and biological processes within cell groups. Owing to the abundance of factors influencing cell group behaviour, deriving general principles about them is a daunting challenge. We argue that combining mechanistic theory with theoretical ecology and evolution provides a key strategy for clarifying how cell groups form, how they change in composition over time, and how they interact with their environments. Here, we review concepts that are critical for dissecting the complexity of cell collectives, including dimensionless parameter groups, individual-based modelling and evolutionary theory. We then use this hybrid modelling approach to provide an example analysis of the evolution of cooperative enzyme secretion in bacterial biofilms.
Intravenous Injections of Soluble Drag-Reducing Polymers Reduce Foreign Body Reaction to Implants (2009)

We tested whether soluble viscoelastic drag-reducing polymers (DRPs), which modify blood flow in the macro- and microcirculation, affect host response to implanted biomaterials and control biodegradation and tissue ingrowth processes. Porous poly(L-lactate) (PLLA) implants, which are naturally hydrolyzed by foreign body giant cells, were used to evaluate differences in host response. Intravenous DRPs, high-molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(mannose) (PMNN), were given biweekly at 0.3-0.4 nM in saline (equivalent volumes of saline in controls) to rats with subcutaneous PLLA implants. After 7 weeks, there was no difference in weight gain or behavior between control and DRP-injected groups. Implanted PLLA scaffolds in controls were almost totally degraded and replaced by giant cell granulomas. On the contrary, PEO- or PMNN-treated animals retained a significant part of the implanted scaffold (p < 0.0001 vs. controls). The foreign body reaction was markedly decreased, and there was an increase in well-oriented collagen deposition within the implanted scaffold area in the animals treated with DRPs. The DRP-mediated effects observed in this study potentially reflect alteration in inflammatory events in response to implanted bioengineered materials, and, thus, warrant further investigation.
AUTOMATIC MAPPING FROM ULTRA-LIGHT UAV IMAGERY (2012)

This paper presents an affordable, fully automated and accurate mapping solutions based on ultra-light UAV imagery, which is commercialized by Pix4D. We show interesting application in the field of UAV mapping, analyse the accuracy of the automated processing on several datasets. The accuracy highly depends on the ground resolution (flying height) of the input imagery. When chosen appropriately this mapping solution can compete with traditional mapping solutions that capture fewer high-resolution images from airplanes and that rely on highly accurate orientation and positioning sensors on board. Due to the careful integration with recent computer vision techniques, the result is robust and fully automatic and can deal with inaccurate position and orientation information which are typically problematic with traditional techniques.
Constructing Receiver Signal Points using Constrained Massive MIMO Arrays (2017)

A low cost solution for constructing receiver signal points is investigated that combines a large number of constrained radio frequency (RF) frontends with a limited number of full RF chains. The constrained RF front ends have low cost and are limited to on/off switching of antenna elements and a small number of phases. Severe degradations are typically observed for multi-user MIMO for these simple on/off antenna arrays. A few full RF frontends are shown to compensate for the signal errors of the high number of constrained RF frontends for various scenarios. An algorithm for such a hybrid RF (HRF) system is developed that achieves performance close to that of exhaustive search with respect to the mean square error of the constructed receiver signals for Rayleigh fading and the WINNER 2 Urban Macro channel model.
Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the neovasculature of nonprostate human tumors of epithelial and nonepithelial origin. (2012)

e21131 Background: PSMA is a transmembrane glycoprotein present not only in prostate cancer epithelial cells but also in the neovasculature of many other solid tumors. This expression profile makes it an attractive target for tumor-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the neovasculature of non-prostate solid tumors. We generated an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprised of a fully human anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody (mAb), conjugated to monomethylauristatin E, a potent cytotoxic agent. PSMA ADC is currently undergoing Phase I clinical testing in men with advanced prostate cancer. Previously, we reported high level PSMA expression in the neovasculature of carcinomas from kidney, colon, non-small cell lung, breast and liver. Here we extend our study to additional carcinomas as well as tumors of non-epithelial origin. Methods: Expression of PSMA protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of frozen tissues using biotinylated mAb that specifically recognizes the native dimeric form of PSMA. The semi-quantitative scheme of 0 to 3+ was used to indicate the amount of epitope based on the intensity of the color reaction. The strongest possible staining was scored 3+ while 2+ staining was considered moderate and 1+ was considered weak. Endothelial cells were detected by morphology and staining of selected slides with an anti-CD 34 mAb. Results: Moderate to strong (2+ to 3+) neovasculature staining was seen in over 80% of specimens from, bladder (10/10), ovarian (9/10) and pancreatic (8/10) carcinomas. Moderate to strong neovascular staining was seen in 40-80% of specimens from several non-carcinoma tumors, including glioblastoma (4/5), melanoma (7/10), non-Hodgkins lymphoma (6/10), osteosarcoma (3/7) and myeloma (2/5). Only weak (1+) staining was seen in angiosarcoma (2/3) and no staining was observed in the testicular cancers tested (0/5). Conclusions: Robust neovascular expression of PSMA dimer was observed across all eight non-prostatic carcinomas. Significant neovascular expression was also observed in several non-epithelial tumors. These findings may be relevant to the development of novel anti-neovascular therapies that target PSMA.
Cost Optimization of Fiber Deployment for Small Cell Backhaul (2013)

We discuss an optimization framework for planning a cost-minimized GPON backhaul deployment for small-cell networks. Compared to typical Ethernet based point-to-point fiber backhauling approaches, this technique can save half of the deployment costs.
Novel products for haemostasis (2014)

The primary major issue in haemophilia treatment remains the development of inhibitors. Recently two novel bypassing products have been developed. First, a humanized bispecific antibody against FIXa and FX, termed hBS23, was produced utilizing these two molecules placed into a spatially appropriate position to mimic FVIIIa, and recently this mimetic activity and the pharmacokinetics of the original antibody were improved by engineering the charge properties of the variable region within the immunoglobulin. Using the new antibody, termed ACE910, a phase 1 study in 64 Japanese and Caucasian healthy adults was performed and data from this trial suggested that the product had medically acceptable safety and tolerability profiles. The other new bypassing agent is named MC710, and consists of a mixture of plasma-derived FVIIa and FX. Preclinical studies using in vitro and in vivo haemophilia B inhibitor monkey models indicated that the haemostatic effects of FVIIa and FX were enhanced by simultaneous administration. Results from phase I and II clinical studies suggested that MC710 had equal or greater pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), efficacy and safety profiles than conventional bypassing agents in the treatment of joint bleeding in haemophilia patients with inhibitors. Another significant current issue in this context is the increased medical cost of conventional treatment due to the higher consumption of concentrates. Biosimilar products may offer advantages in these circumstances and may offer a less expensive alternative. Regulatory issues, however, together with acceptability of biosimilar materials and reimbursement policies as well as supply and demand incentives remain to be considered. Rare bleeding disorders (RBDs) have attracted less attention from the pharmaceutical industry than haemophilia or von Willebrand disease due to the limited number of patients involved. Many cases of this type have been treated, therefore, using fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) which carry serious risks of infections, allergic reactions and fluid overload. Several specific plasma-derived or recombinant products including fibrinogen, FVIIa, FXI and FXIII have now become available, however, and a phase III clinical study of recombinant FXIIIa has recently been completed demonstrating safety and efficacy of substances of this nature.
Photoresist Characterization and Wet Strip after Low-k Dry Etch (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Mass-spectrometry-based clinical proteomics – a review and prospective (2010)

This review reports on the current and emerging technologies for the use of mass-spectrometry-based proteomics in clinical applications.
RHODIUM(I)-CATALYZED REGIO- AND STEREOSELECTIVE CHLOROESTERIFICATION OF FURANOSE-DERIVED TERMINAL ALKYNES WITH ETHYL CHLOROFORMATE (2001)

Treatment of ribose-, xylose- and homologated ribose-derived terminal alkynes with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of a catalytic amount of RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2 in toluene effected syn chloroalkoxycarbonylation to give doubly functionalized vinylic derivatives.