gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite difference time domain electroacoustic model for synthetic jet actuators including nonlinear flow resistance (2009)

A lumped element electroacoustic model for a synthetic jet actuator is presented. The model includes the nonlinear flow resistance associated with flow separation and employs a finite difference scheme in the time domain. As opposed to more common analytical frequency domain electroacoustic models, in which the nonlinear resistance can only be considered as a constant, it allows the calculation of higher harmonics, i.e., distortion components, generated as a result of this nonlinear resistance. Model calculations for the time-averaged momentum flux of the synthetic jet as well as the radiated sound power spectrum are compared to experimental results for various configurations. It is shown that a significantly improved prediction of the momentum flux-and thus flow velocity-of the jet is obtained when including the nonlinear resistance. Here, the current model performs slightly better than an analytical model. For the power spectrum of radiated sound, a reasonable agreement is obtained when assuming a plausible slight asymmetry in the nonlinear resistance. However, results suggest that loudspeaker nonlinearities play a significant role as well in the generation of the first few higher harmonics.
Synthesis and evaluation of designed PKC modulators for enhanced cancer immunotherapy (2020)

Bryostatin 1 is a marine natural product under investigation for HIV/AIDS eradication, the treatment of neurological disorders, and enhanced CAR T/NK cell immunotherapy. Despite its promising activity, bryostatin 1 is neither evolved nor optimized for the treatment of human disease. Here we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of several close-in analogs of bryostatin 1. Using a function-oriented synthesis approach, we synthesize a series of bryostatin analogs designed to maintain affinity for bryostatin's target protein kinase C (PKC) while enabling exploration of their divergent biological functions. Our late-stage diversification strategy provides efficient access to a library of bryostatin analogs, which per our design retain affinity for PKC but exhibit variable PKC translocation kinetics. We further demonstrate that select analogs potently increase cell surface expression of CD22, a promising CAR T cell target for the treatment of leukemias, highlighting the clinical potential of bryostatin analogs for enhancing targeted immunotherapies.
Supplementary Materials, Tables 1-4, Figures 1-10 from Different Tumor Microenvironments Contain Functionally Distinct Subsets of Macrophages Derived from Ly6C(high) Monocytes (2023)

Supplementary Materials, Tables 1-4, Figures 1-10 from Different Tumor Microenvironments Contain Functionally Distinct Subsets of Macrophages Derived from Ly6C(high) Monocytes
PARQR (2019)

We introduce PARQR, a tool for online education forums that reduces duplicate posts by 40% in a degree seeking online masters program at a top university. Instead of performing a standard keyword search, PARQR monitors questions as students compose them and continuously suggests relevant posts. In testing, PARQR correctly recommends a relevant post, if one exists, 73.5% of the time. We discuss PARQR's design, initial experimental results comparing different semesters with and without PARQR, and interviews we conducted with teaching instructors regarding their experience with PARQR.
Efficient Chromosomal Mapping of a Methylcholanthrene- Induced Tumor Antigen by CTL Immunoselection (2001)

It has been difficult to genetically map the genes encoding tumor Ags because they arise as a consequence of somatic mutational events. CTL-mediated immunoselection can impose potent immunoselective pressure against tumor cells, resulting in the survival of rare tumor Ag-loss variants. We subjected a heterozygous 3-methylcholanthrene-induced murine sarcoma cell line to CTL immunoselection, selecting for the loss of a tumor-specific Ag, recognized antigen from MCA-induced tumor 1 (Ram1). Several variants eluded CTL recognition by genetic loss of the hemizygously expressed tumor-specific Ag epitope. A frequently observed genetic escape mechanism was spontaneous mitotic recombination resulting in loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 4. Higher density genetic analyses along with functional confirmation with an independently produced chromosome 4 loss of heterozygosity variant positioned the Ram1 locus to a distal 7.1 cM interval on chromosome 4. This region of the mouse genome is rich in tumor-modifier genes and this positioning of Ram1 may thus provide insight into the genetic basis of 3-methycholanthrene-induced tumor Ags.
Genetic evidence for facial variation being a composite phenotype of cranial variation and facial soft tissue thickness (2022)

Facial and cranial variation represent a multidimensional set of highly correlated and heritable phenotypes. Little is known about the genetic basis explaining this correlation. We develop a software package ALoSFL for simultaneous localization of facial and cranial landmarks from head computed tomography (CT) images, apply it in the analysis of head CT images of 777 Han Chinese women, and obtain a set of phenotypes representing variation in face, skull and facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT). Association analysis of 301 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 191 distinct genomic loci previously associated with facial variation reveals an unexpected larger number of loci showing significant associations (P < 1e-3) with cranial phenotypes than expected under the null (O/E = 3.39), suggesting facial and cranial phenotypes share a substantial proportion of genetic components. Adding FSTT to a SNP-only model shows a large impact in explaining facial variance. A gene ontology analysis reveals that bone morphogenesis and osteoblast differentiation likely underlie our cranial-significant findings. Overall, this study simultaneously investigates the genetic effects on both facial and cranial variation of the same sample, supporting that facial variation is a composite phenotype of cranial variation and FSTT.
Study of sol-gel type ceria particle for CMP process in leading-edge CMOS device (2017)

With continuous shrink in the size of integrated circuits, the complexity, and the number of processing steps continue to increase. CMP is one of the crucial steps to maintain good process yields. The number of FEOL CMP steps has increased drastically in leading-edge nodes and also made the process requirements more stringent. In order to meet these requirements, selection of the right consumables is very critical. Slurry plays a vital role in CMP processes and there is always a big requirement for extreme selective slurry with self-stopping capabilities. Also, the final CMP surface should be very smooth with no defects and scratch free. Ceria-based slurries are gaining importance as they have good planarization and self-stopping capabilities in the latest device technology. In this paper, we have investigated some of the notable ceria types such as composite ceria, calcined ceria and wet ceria. The particle hardness of wet ceria is 1/25 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> level compare to other ceria particles. This helps the surface be defect and scratch-free. In our experiment, 60% reduction in surface roughness and 90% reduction in scratches on patterned wafers was observed.
Task-Oriented Sensing, Computation, and Communication Integration for Multi-Device Edge AI (2022)

This paper studies a new multi-device edge artificial-intelligent (AI) system, which jointly exploits the AI model split inference and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) to enable low-latency intelligent services at the network edge. In this system, multiple ISAC devices perform radar sensing to obtain multi-view data, and then offload the quantized version of extracted features to a centralized edge server, which conducts model inference based on the cascaded feature vectors. Under this setup and by considering classification tasks, we measure the inference accuracy by adopting an approximate but tractable metric, namely discriminant gain, which is defined as the distance of two classes in the Euclidean feature space under normalized covariance. To maximize the discriminant gain, we first quantify the influence of the sensing, computation, and communication processes on it with a derived closed-form expression. Then, an end-to-end task-oriented resource management approach is developed by integrating the three processes into a joint design. This integrated sensing, computation, and communication (ISCC) design approach, however, leads to a challenging non-convex optimization problem, due to the complicated form of discriminant gain and the device heterogeneity in terms of channel gain, quantization level, and generated feature subsets. Remarkably, the considered non-convex problem can be optimally solved based on the sum-of-ratios method. This gives the optimal ISCC scheme, that jointly determines the transmit power and time allocation at multiple devices for sensing and communication, as well as their quantization bits allocation for computation distortion control. By using human motions recognition as a concrete AI inference task, extensive experiments are conducted to verify the performance of our derived optimal ISCC scheme.
Performance Evaluation of MRI Based on Newly Developed MRiLab Simulation Using Inversion Recovery Pulse Sequence with Various Inversion Times (2022)

Among the representative types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, inversion recovery (IR) can improve the ability to detect brain lesions. The purpose of this study was to confirm the MRI characteristics according to TI changes in IR sequences. In this study, the MRiLab simulation program a newly developed, well-validated program was used to quantitatively analyze image characteristics with respect to the TI value in the IR sequence. Brain tissue phantom and standard phantom images were acquired by changing the TI at 100-ms intervals from 100 to 2,500 ms. In brain tissue phantom images, signal intensity (SI) values showed the lowest signals at TI values of 400, 700, and 2,500 ms in the white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), respectively. The contrast evaluated in CSF-WM was superior at 400 ms and the lowest at 1,800 ms. In addition, the contrast evaluated in WM-GM was superior at 400 ms and the lowest at 1,500 ms. In the case of the brain standard phantom, the SI and contrast showed the same tendency as brain tissue phantom. In conclusion, an appropriate TI value was derived for obtaining images with excellent SI and contrast between brain tissues using a newly developed simulation program.
Total Lightning Mapping using both VHF Interferometry and Time-of-Arrival Techniques (2006)

As part of Vaisala's technology and applications test bed in the Dallas-Fort Worth area in Texas, we have been operating two overlapping total lightning detection networks. One is based on the VHF Interferometry principle while the other is based on the VHF Time-of- Arrival principle. For the first time, these two technologies can be compared in a common region where they both exhibit good performance. The aim of the work presented in this paper is to evaluate the performance of these networks and compare the relative strengths of these two approaches for Total Lightning mapping.
Trace moisture detection using near infrared diode lasers (2002)

The measurement of trace concentrations of water vapor is important in many industrial applications, especially semiconductor fabrication. A variety of methods exists for measuring water vapor at concentrations approaching one nmole/mole (one ppb). We have chosen to focus on wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) as a practical method to achieve sufficient sensitivity. WMS is a variation of transmission spectroscopy, and thus it shares the calibration benefits of other Beer's Law techniques. By rapidly modulating the laser wavelength, laser 1/f noise is avoided, so very small changes in laser power can be measured. When WMS is combined with a multiple pass absorption cell, ultrasensitive detection of water vapor is possible. This approach has the desired combination of sensitivity and accuracy while enjoying the benefits of rugged communications-type diode lasers.
Evolution by Adapting Surrogates (2012)

To deal with complex optimization problems plagued with computationally expensive fitness functions, the use of surrogates to replace the original functions within the evolutionary framework is becoming a common practice. However, the appropriate datacentric approximation methodology to use for the construction of surrogate model would depend largely on the nature of the problem of interest, which varies from fitness landscape and state of the evolutionary search, to the characteristics of search algorithm used. This has given rise to the plethora of surrogate-assisted evolutionary frameworks proposed in the literature with ad hoc approximation/surrogate modeling methodologies considered. Since prior knowledge on the suitability of the data centric approximation methodology to use in surrogate-assisted evolutionary optimization is typically unavailable beforehand, this paper presents a novel evolutionary framework with the evolvability learning of surrogates (EvoLS) operating on multiple diverse approximation methodologies in the search. Further, in contrast to the common use of fitness prediction error as a criterion for the selection of surrogates, the concept of evolvability to indicate the productivity or suitability of an approximation methodology that brings about fitness improvement in the evolutionary search is introduced as the basis for adaptation. The backbone of the proposed EvoLS is a statistical learning scheme to determine the evolvability of each approximation methodology while the search progresses online. For each individual solution, the most productive approximation methodology is inferred, that is, the method with highest evolvability measure. Fitness improving surrogates are subsequently constructed for use within a trust-region enabled local search strategy, leading to the self-configuration of a surrogate-assisted memetic algorithm for solving computationally expensive problems. A numerical study of EvoLS on commonly used benchmark problems and a real-world computationally expensive aerodynamic car rear design problem highlights the efficacy of the proposed EvoLS in attaining reliable, high quality, and efficient performance under a limited computational budget.
DC-current-free low-power A/D converter circuitry using dynamic latch comparators with divided-capacitance voltage reference (1996)

We have developed a new A/D converter architecture by applying the concept of clocked-neuron-MOS circuitry. It features no DC power dissipation at any component in the A/D converter. In this architecture a comparator employs dynamic latch and the reference voltage is generated by a capacitive voltage divider configuration. As a result, all components in the A/D converter have become purely dynamic in their operation, resulting in a dramatic reduction in the power dissipation. These techniques have been combined with a flash and a two-step flash mechanism, and extremely-low-power A/D converters have been developed. Test circuits were fabricated using standard double-polysilicon CMOS process with 3 /spl mu/m rules. The basic performance has been confirmed by the measurement of test circuits as well as by HSPICE simulation.
An Experiment to observe Macroscopic Quantum Coherence in an rf-SQUID (2001)

We present the design of an on-chip time domain experiment to demonstrate macroscopic quantum coherence in an rf-SQUID, a superconducting loop interrupted by a Josephson junction. If suc- cessful the SQUID will serve as a for a superconducting quantum computer. The chip is currently in fabrication. odinger' s parable, a clear demonstration of rf-SQUID MQC would dramatically challenge our concepts of the quantum / classical boundary. The rf-SQUID MQC state was proposed as a candidate to serve as the for a possible superconducting quantum computer (2). Very recently, spectroscopic experiments showed the energy level structure expected for MQC phenomena in an rf-SQUID (3) and in the very similar persistent current qubit (4). It is our intention to conduct a time domain experiment in which the macroscopic quantum coherent oscillations will be observed directly as they evolve. The Hamiltonian of the rf-SQUID system, under the assumption of no dissipation, is
Force field calculations on model molecules simulating isolated chain segments of poly(vinylidene halide) (PVDY) and vinylidene halide/vinyl halide (VDY/VY) copolymers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTForce field calculations on model molecules simulating isolated chain segments of poly(vinylidene halide) (PVDY) and vinylidene halide/vinyl halide (VDY/VY) copolymersJozef BiceranoCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 3, 1408–1413Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00193a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00193a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
George Klein (1925–2016) A Prescient, Luminous Voice (2017)

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George Klein

George Klein, and his wife, Eva Klein, made discoveries that were fundamental to cancer immunology and cancer biology. George passed away December 10, 2016, at the age of 91.

George and Eva Klein's 1960 article in Cancer Research ([1][2]) was something of a big
ChemInform Abstract: KNOEVENAGEL‐KONDENSATION BEI HOMOPHTHALSAEUREDERIVATEN, SYNTH. FUER ZEARALENON (1970)

Abstract 3,5‐Dimethoxy‐homophthalsäure (Ia) kann mit Benzaldehyd (II) in Gegenwart von Pyridin/Piperidin im Sinne einer Knoevenagel‐Kondensation zu (IIIa) kondensiert werden.
Detecting Paper Fibre Cross Sections in Microtomy Images (2010)

The goal of this work is the fully-automated detection of cellulose fibre cross sections in microtomy images. A lack of significant appearance information makes edges the only reliable cue for detection. We present a novel and highly discriminative edge fragment descriptor that represents angular relations between fragment points. We train a Random Forest with a plurality of these descriptors including their respective center votes. In such a way, the Random Forest exploits the knowledge about the object centroid for detection using a generalized Hough voting scheme. In the experiments we found that our method is able to robustly detect fibre cross sections in microtomy images and can therefore serve as initialization for successive fibre segmentation or tracking algorithms.
Characteristics of NbTi Mechanical Persistent Current Switch and Mechanism of Superconducting Connection at Contact. (1997)

A persistent current switch (PCS) in SMES requires not only small ON resistance but also large OFF resistance in order to perform efficiently during SMES operations. Because a mechanical switch has the advantage of infinite OFF resistance, it can operate without generating Joule losses during coil excitation and energy transfer. Furthermore, it will cause an energy storage loss as long as the ON resistance, which mainly depends on contact resistance, is not decreased to zero. In this study, case studies on energy losses due to the ON resistance of a mechanical switch and OFF resistance of a superconducting switch are carried out in order to show the necessity of a mechanical switch for a PCS in a large-scale SMES. Then, the contact resistance characteristics of a mechanical switch using bulk NbTi contact pieces are investigated in liquid helium as a function of switch driving force, switch pressing force and ON-OFF operation number. Additionally, the effects of surface roughness and shape on contact resistance are examined. It was found that a superconducting connection at contact is realized even if the switch is repeatedly opened and closed many times. The tested mechanical PCS supports a superconducting current flow of more than 200A. Finally, the formation mechanism of the superconducting connection at contact is modeled and analyzed based on theoretical considerations.
The Immobilization of Polyethylene Imine Nano and Microspheres on Glass Using High Intensity Ultrasound (2012)

The present article describes the creation and immobilization of Polyethylene imine ( PEI ) capsules on a glass surface. The synthesis and deposition were accomplished by short‐time (3 min) one‐step reaction. The preparation and immobilization of PEI spheres, was carried out using an environmental friendly method, the ultrasonic emulsification. The ultrasonic technique enables to control size and fulfillment of the internal part of the immobilized PEI spheres. Moreover, the ultrasonic emulsification method showed 100% efficiency in PEI spheres creation, which means no residues of aqueous PEI and oil solvents remained in the reaction flask after the nanosphere's creation. The immobilized PEI spheres have sizes varied from 50 to 500 nm. The PEI spheres were successfully filled either with organic solvent (hydrophobic) or with water (hydrophilic). This method provides us the perspective for future encapsulation of varies molecules which have hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature.
Biofabrication of multiplexed electrochemical immunosensors for simultaneous detection of clinical biomarkers in complex fluids (2022)

Simultaneous detection of multiple disease biomarkers in unprocessed whole blood is considered the gold standard for accurate clinical diagnosis. Here, we report the development of a 4-plex electrochemical (EC) immunosensor with on-chip negative control capable of detecting a range of biomarkers in small volumes (15 μL) of complex biological fluids, including serum, plasma, and whole blood. A framework for fabricating and optimizing multiplexed sandwich immunoassays is presented that is enabled by use of EC sensor chips coated with an ultra-selective, antifouling, nanocomposite coating. Cyclic voltammetry evaluation of sensor performance was carried out by monitoring the local precipitation of an electroactive product generated by horseradish peroxidase linked to a secondary antibody. EC immunosensors demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity without background signal with a limit of detection in single-digit pg/mL in multiple complex biological fluids. These multiplexed immunosensors enabled simultaneous detect of four different biomarkers in plasma and whole blood with excellent sensitivity and selectivity. This rapid and cost-effective biosensor platform can be further adapted for use with different high affinity probes for any biomarker, and thereby create for a new class of highly sensitive and specific multiplexed diagnostics.