gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can simple social copying heuristics explain tag popularity in a collaborative tagging system? (2013)

While research on collaborative tagging systems has largely been the purview of computer scientists, the behavior of these systems is driven by the psychology of their users. Here we explore how simple models of boundedly rational human decision making may partly account for the high-level properties of a collaborative tagging environment, in particular with respect to the distribution of tags used across the folksonomy. We discuss several plausible heuristics people might employ to decide on tags to use for a given item, and then describe methods for testing evidence of such strategies in real collaborative tagging data. Using a large dataset of annotations collected from users of the social music website Last.fm with a novel crawling methodology (approximately one millions total users), we extract the parameters for our decision-making models from the data. We then describe a set of simple multi-agent simulations that test our heuristic models, and compare their results to the extracted parameters from the tagging dataset. Results indicate that simple social copying mechanisms can generate surprisingly good fits to the empirical data, with implications for the design and study of tagging systems.
Partial Nephrectomy and Use of Collagen Grafts for Renal Wound Closure (1968)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1968Partial Nephrectomy and Use of Collagen Grafts for Renal Wound Closure J.C. Tanner, M.A. Marcucci, W.H. Bradley, and J.W. Morgan J.C. TannerJ.C. Tanner More articles by this author , M.A. MarcucciM.A. Marcucci More articles by this author , W.H. BradleyW.H. Bradley More articles by this author , and J.W. MorganJ.W. Morgan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)62775-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1968 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 99Issue 6June 1968Page: 710-712 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1968 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information J.C. Tanner More articles by this author M.A. Marcucci More articles by this author W.H. Bradley More articles by this author J.W. Morgan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tabu search in coding theory (2002)

Tabu search is a stochastic method for combinatorial optimization. It is shown how this method can be used to construct various record-breaking codes.
Inevitability Mechanisms for Software Transactional Memory (2008)

Transactional Memory simplifies parallel programming by eliminating the use of locks to protect concurrent accesses to shared memory. However, when locks are used to provide mutual exclusion for irreversible operations (I/O, syscalls, calls to “black box” libraries), their replacement with transactions seems problematic: transactions can abort and restart at any arbitrary point in their execution, which is unacceptable when operations performed during a transaction have made the intermediate state of that transaction visible to an outside agent. Permitting at most one transaction to operate in an “inevitable” mode, where it is guaranteed to commit, is widely accepted as a solution to the irreversibility problem for transactions, albeit one that is not expected to scale. In this paper we explore a variety of mechanisms to support inevitability in software transactional memory. We demonstrate that it is possible for an inevitable transaction to run in parallel with (non-conflicting) non-inevitable transactions, without introducing significant overhead in the non-inevitable case. Our mechanisms can also be used to improve the speed of certain common-case transactions.
Performance of emergency steer assist in front wheel and rear wheel steering vehicle (2014)

A first step towards autonomous rear-end collision avoidance is to start providing natural support\nto driver in avoiding collision by steering and braking intervention. The proposed system detects\nslower-moving and stationary vehicles ahead and classifies the risk of having a rear-end-collision.\nIf the risk is high and there is insufficient space to avoid a collision by braking only, the system\nhelps the driver to steer around the obstacle by overlaying steering torque and braking individual\nwheels. Two prototype vehicles have been tested for emergency steer assist. One prototype vehicle,\nequipped with electric power steering system, adds overlay steering torque to support driver in\navoiding collision. Another prototype vehicle, equipped with rear wheel steering, adds rear\nsteering angle to support driver in avoiding collision.
A Survey on Evolutionary Computation for Computer Vision and Image Analysis: Past, Present, and Future Trends (2022)

Computer vision (CV) is a big and important field in artificial intelligence covering a wide range of applications. Image analysis is a major task in CV aiming to extract, analyze and understand the visual content of images. However, image-related tasks are very challenging due to many factors, e.g., high variations across images, high dimensionality, domain expertise requirement, and image distortions. Evolutionary computation (EC) approaches have been widely used for image analysis with significant achievement. However, there is no comprehensive survey of existing EC approaches to image analysis. To fill this gap, this article provides a comprehensive survey covering all essential EC approaches to important image analysis tasks, including edge detection, image segmentation, image feature analysis, image classification, object detection, and others. This survey aims to provide a better understanding of evolutionary CV (ECV) by discussing the contributions of different approaches and exploring how and why EC is used for CV and image analysis. The applications, challenges, issues, and trends associated to this research field are also discussed and summarized to provide further guidelines and opportunities for future research.
Performance and emission enhancements of a variable geometry turbocharger on a heavy-duty diesel engine (2008)

Variable Geometry Turbochargers (VGTs) have emerged in the heavy-duty diesel market with the simultaneous introduction of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in meeting emission standards. From a military perspective, VGTs offer considerable promise of improving low speed torque and overall fuel economy. Despite these gains, nitric oxides (NOx) emissions generally increase with increased boost. During times when the military can reduce its environmental impact, VGTs can drive EGR and counter the increase in NOx emissions with relatively minor penalty in particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study highlights the performance and emission enhancements enabled by a VGT on a heavy-duty diesel engine.
Self-Aligning Planarization and Passivation for Integration Applications in III–V Semiconductor Devices (2005)

This work reports an easy planarization and passivation approach for the integration of III-V semiconductor devices. Vertically etched III-V semiconductor devices typically require sidewall passivation to suppress leakage currents and planarization of the passivation material for metal interconnection and device integration. It is, however, challenging to planarize all devices at once. This technique offers wafer-scale passivation and planarization that is automatically leveled to the device top in the 1-3-/spl mu/m vicinity surrounding each device. In this method, a dielectric hard mask is used to define the device area. An undercut structure is intentionally created below the hard mask, which is retained during the subsequent polymer spinning and anisotropic polymer etch back. The spin-on polymer that fills in the undercut seals the sidewalls for all the devices across the wafer. After the polymer etch back, the dielectric mask is removed leaving the polymer surrounding each device level with its device top to atomic scale flatness. This integration method is robust and is insensitive to spin-on polymer thickness, polymer etch nonuniformity, and device height difference. It prevents the polymer under the hard mask from etch-induced damage and creates a polymer-free device surface for metallization upon removal of the dielectric mask. We applied this integration technique in fabricating an InP-based photonic switch that consists of a mesa photodiode and a quantum-well waveguide modulator using benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer. We demonstrated functional integrated photonic switches with high process yield of >90%, high breakdown voltage of >25 V, and low ohmic contact resistance of /spl sim/10 /spl Omega/. To the best of our knowledge, such an integration of a surface-normal photodiode and a lumped electroabsorption modulator with the use of BCB is the first to be implemented on a single substrate.
A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India (2014)

A Scottish doctor and botanist, George Watt (1851–1930) had studied the flora of India for more than a decade before he took on the task of compiling this monumental work. Assisted by numerous contributors, he set about organising vast amounts of information on India's commercial plants and produce, including scientific and vernacular names, properties, domestic and medical uses, trade statistics, and published sources. Watt hoped that the dictionary, 'though not a strictly scientific publication', would be found 'sufficiently accurate in its scientific details for all practical and commercial purposes'. First published in six volumes between 1889 and 1893, with an index volume completed in 1896, the whole work is now reissued in nine separate parts. Volume 6, Part 4 (1893) contains entries from Tectona grandis (the common teak tree) to Zygophillum simplex (a flowering plant found in Sindh and the Punjab). The index to the entire work is included as an appendix.
High Interlaboratory Reproducibility of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Species Identification of Nonfermenting Bacteria (2009)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry has emerged as a rapid, cost-effective alternative for bacterial species identification. Identifying 60 blind-coded nonfermenting bacteria samples, this international study (using eight laboratories) achieved 98.75% interlaboratory reproducibility. Only 6 of the 480 samples were misidentified due to interchanges (4 samples) or contamination (1 sample) or not identified because of insufficient signal intensity (1 sample).
Harnessing the Power of Light to Treat Staphylococcal Infections Focusing on MRSA (2015)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become the most important drug-resistant microbial pathogen in countries throughout the world. Morbidity and mortality due to MRSA infections continue to increase despite efforts to improve infection control measures and to develop new antibiotics. Therefore alternative antimicrobial strategies that do not give rise to development of resistance are urgently required. A group of therapeutic interventions has been developed in the field of photomedicine with the common theme that they rely on electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 1000 nm broadly called "light". These techniques all use simple absorption of photons by specific chromophores to deliver the killing blow to microbial cells while leaving the surrounding host mammalian cells relatively unharmed. Photodynamic inactivation uses dyes called photosensitizers (PS) that bind specifically to MRSA cells and not host cells, and generate reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen and singlet oxygen upon illumination. Sophisticated molecular strategies to target the PS to MRSA cells have been designed. Ultraviolet C radiation can damage microbial DNA without unduly harming host DNA. Blue light can excite endogenous porphyrins and flavins in MRSA cells that are not present in host cells. Near-infrared lasers can interfere with microbial membrane potentials without raising the temperature of the tissue. Taken together these innovative approaches towards harnessing the power of light suggest that the ongoing threat of MRSA may eventually be defeated.
Risk-Aware Planning: Methods and Case Study for Safer Driving Routes. (2017)

Vehicle crashes account for over one million fatalities and many more millions of injuries annually worldwide. Some roads are safer than others, so driving routes optimized for safety may reduce the number of crashes. We have developed a method to estimate the probability of a crash on any road as a function of the traffic volume, road characteristics, and environmental conditions. We trained a regression model to estimate traffic volume and a binary classifier to estimate crash probability on road segments. Modeling a route’s crash probability as a series of Bernoulli trials, we employ the Dijkstra routing algorithm to compute the safest route between two locations. We find that, compared to the fastest route, the safest route is approximately 1.7 times as long in duration and about half as dangerous. We also show how to smoothly trade off safety for travel time, and demonstrate how drivers could be offered several route options, each with different crash probabilities and durations.
Unraveling the mystery of hearing in gerbil and other rodents with an arch-beam model of the basilar membrane (2017)

The mammalian basilar membrane (BM) consists of two collagen-fiber layers responsible for the frequency-to-place tonotopic mapping in the cochlea, which together form a flat beam over at least part of the BM width. The mechanics of hearing in rodents such as gerbil pose a challenge to our understanding of the cochlea, however, because for gerbil the two layers separate to form a pronounced arch over the remaining BM width. Moreover, the thickness and total width normally thought to determine the local stiffness, and tonotopic mapping in turn, change little along the cochlear length. A nonlinear analysis of a newly developed model, incorporating flat upper and arched lower fiber layers connected by ground substance, explains the initial plateau and subsequent quadratic increase found in measured stiffness vs. deflection curves under point loading, while for pressure loading the model accurately predicts the tonotopic mapping. The model also has applicability to understanding cochlear development and to interpreting evolutionary changes in mammalian hearing.
Magnetic Retrieval of Encapsulated Beta Cell Transplants from Diabetic Mice Using Dual‐Function MRI Visible and Retrievable Microcapsules (2020)

Encapsulated beta cell transplantation offers a potential cure for a subset of diabetic patients. Once transplanted, beta cell grafts can help to restore glycemic control; however, locating and retrieving cells in the event of graft failure may pose a surgical challenge. Here, a dual-function nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel microcapsule is developed that enables graft retrieval under an applied magnetic field. Additionally, this system facilitates graft localization via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and graft isolation from the immune system. Iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated within alginate hydrogel capsules containing viable islets are transplanted and the in vitro and in vivo retrieval of capsules containing nanoparticles functionalized with various ligands are compared. Capsules containing islets co-encapsulated with COOH-coated nanoparticles restore normal glycemia in immunocompetent diabetic mice for at least 6 weeks, can be visualized using MRI, and are retrievable in a magnetic field. Application of a magnetic field for 90 s via a magnetically assisted retrieval device facilitates rapid retrieval of up to 94% (±3.1%) of the transplant volume 24 h after surgical implantation. This strategy aids monitoring of cell-capsule locations in vivo, facilitates graft removal at the end of the transplant lifetime, and may be applicable to many encapsulated cell transplant systems.
Supplementary Table S2 from <i>Nedd9</i> Restrains Autophagy to Limit Growth of Early Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primers used for RT-PCR in study&lt;/p&gt;
Nos régions valent-elles vraiment qu'on s'y accroche ? (Interview) (2014)

Premier paragraphe :\nD'accord pour supprimer des régions... mais pas la mienne, de préférence. Annoncée par Manuel Valls dans son discours de politique générale, mardi 8 avril, la réforme territoriale pose de nouveau la question de l'attachement des Français à leur territoire. Selon un sondage paru le 10 avril, 73% des personnes interrogées sont "attachées" à leur région, dont 24% "très attachées".
Biomaterial-based strategies to prime dendritic cell-mediated anti-cancer immune responses (2020)

Cancer immunotherapy has been extremely successful in curing patients over the last decade. Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) that unleash the brakes in T-cells to promote cytotoxicity against cancer cells are the most successful forms of cancer immunotherapy, yet therapeutic efficacy needs to be improved as only a fraction of patients responds. Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune cells that prime immune responses by collecting information in tumour tissues, and carrying that information to T-cells, thus delivering proper information to DCs is essential. Biomaterial-based approaches can be powerful tools for this purpose, as biomaterials allow us to deliver a variety of immunotherapeutic agents at the right time and place. Herein, we review the key concepts of cancer immunotherapy; discuss the principles for designing biomaterials to deliver immunomodulatory molecules; and outline biomaterial-based strategies to prime anti-cancer immune responses. Specifically, we focus on two widely used forms of biomaterials, multifunctional nanoparticles and biocompatible scaffolds.
Inflation versus Cyclic Predictions for Spectral Tilt (2003)

We present a nearly model-independent estimate that yields the predictions of a class of simple inflationary and ekpyrotic or cyclic models for the spectral tilt of the primordial density inhomogeneities that enables us to compare the two scenarios. Remarkably, we find that the two produce an identical result, n(s) approximately 0.95. For inflation, the same estimate predicts a ratio of tensor to scalar contributions to the low l multipoles of the microwave background anisotropy of T/S approximately 20%; the tensor contribution is negligible for ekpyrotic or cyclic models, as shown in earlier papers.
3-D Georadar Studies in Fluvial Deposits in Northern Switzerland (1995)

Braided river systems are discontinuous but generally extensive landforms composed primarily of flood-plain sediments, gravel bars, channel fill and scour pools. More than 60 % of Switzerland&apos;s freshwater aquifers formed in this depositional environment.
900 MHz multipath propagation measurements for US digital cellular radiotelephone (2003)

The results of multipath power delay profile measurements of 900-MHz mobile radio channels in Washington, DC, Greenbelt, MD, Oakland, CA, and San Francisco, CA, are presented. The measurements have focused on acquiring worst-case profiles for typical operating locations. The data reveal that at over 98% of the measured locations, RMS (root mean square) delay spreads are less than 12 mu s. Urban areas typically have RMS delay spreads on the order of 2 to 3 mu s and have continuous multipath power out to excess delays of 5 mu s. In hilly residential areas and in open areas within a city, RMS delay spreads are slightly larger, typically having values of 5 to 7 mu s. In very rare instances, reflections from city skylines and mountains can cause RMS delay spreads in excess of 20 mu s. The worst-case profiles show resolvable components at excess delays of 100 mu s which are 15 dB down from the first arriving signal. Depending on the precise symbol duration, unequalized 40-kb/s TDMA (time division multiple access) channels will be harmed by multipath at less than 1% to 4% of vehicle locations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Precisely Defined Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for Biosensing and Therapeutics (2019)

Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are a relatively new class of synthetic organic molecules with, as of yet, untapped potential for use in organic optoelectronic devices and bioelectronic systems. COEs also offer a novel molecular approach to biosensing, bioimaging, and disease therapy. Substantial progress has been made in the past decade at the intersection of chemistry, materials science, and the biological sciences developing COEs and their polymer analogues, namely, conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), into synthetic systems with biological and biomedical utility. CPEs have traditionally attracted more attention in arenas of sensing, imaging, and therapy. However, the precisely defined molecular structures and interactions of COEs offer potential key advantages over CPEs, including higher reliability and fluorescence quantum efficiency, larger diversity of subcellular targeting strategies, and improved selectivity to biomolecules. Here, the unique-and sometimes overlooked-properties of COEs are discussed and the noticeable progress in their use for biological sensing, imaging, and therapy is reviewed.
Probing Melittin Helix−Coil Equilibria in Solutions and Vesicles (2008)

Melittin is a toxic, amphipathic peptide that rearranges from a random coil in solution to a helical structure upon binding to cell membranes or lipid vesicles. We have found that mutation of the valine at position five of the peptide to a phenylalanine or 3-nitrotyrosine induces aggregation and helix formation at low concentrations (20-80 microM). Donor-acceptor distances obtained from analyses of fluorescence energy transfer kinetics experiments with the 3-nitrotyrosine mutant indicate that both coil and helix structures are present in 2 and 20 microM aqueous solutions. The helical peptide population increases upon addition of phospholipid vesicles or in high ionic strength solutions.
Vasoregression Linked to Neuronal Damage in the Rat with Defect of Polycystin-2 (2009)

Our data suggest that TGR is an appropriate animal model for vasoregression related to neuronal damage. Similarities to experimental diabetic retinopathy render this model suitable to understand general mechanisms of maturity-onset vasoregression.
Multicriteria decision analysis and core values for enhancing vaccine-related decision-making (2016)

Vaccines have the potential to transform the health of all individuals and to reduce the health inequality between rich and poor countries. However, to achieve these goals, it is no longer sufficient to prioritize vaccine development using cost-effectiveness as the sole indicator. During a symposium entitled "Mission Grand Convergence-The Role of Vaccines," held in Siena, Italy, in July 2015, key stakeholders agreed that the prioritization of vaccine development and deployment must use multicriteria decision-making based on the following core concepts: (i) mortality and severity of the disease, (ii) vaccine safety considerations, and (iii) economic evaluation that captures the full benefits of vaccination.