gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Ceramic Composites for Nuclear Applications (2005)

A research program has been established to investigate fiber reinforced ceramic composites to be used as control rod components within a Very High Temperature Reactor. Two candidate systems have been identified, carbon fiber reinforced carbon (Cf/C) and silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide (SiCf/SiC) composites. Initial irradiation stability studies to determine the maximum dose for each composite type have been initiated within the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Test samples exposed to 10 dpa irradiation dose have been completed with future samples to dose levels of 20 and 30 dpa scheduled for completion in following years. Mechanical and environmental testing is being conducted concurrently at the Idaho National Laboratory and at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. High temperature test equipment, testing methodologies, and test samples for high temperature (up to 1600º C) tensile strength and long duration creep studies have been established. Specific attention was paid to the architectural fiber preform design as well as the materials used in construction of the composites. Actual testing of both tubular and flat, "dog-bone" shaped tensile composite specimens will begin next year. Since there is no precedence for using ceramic composites within a nuclear reactor, ASTM standard test procedures will be established from these mechanical and environmental tests. Close collaborations between the U.S. national laboratories and international collaborators (i.e. France and Japan) are being forged to establish both national and international test standards to be used to qualify ceramic composites for nuclear reactor applications.
Experimental Investigation of Fuel Film Characteristics of Ethanol Impinging Spray at Ultra-Low Temperature (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Increasing the injection pressure in DISI engine is an efficient way to obtain finer droplets but it will also potentially cause spray impingement on the cylinder wall and piston. Consequently, the fuel film sticking on the wall can dramatically increase the soot emission of the engine especially in a cold start condition. On the other hand, ethanol is widely used as an alternative fuel in DI engine due to its sustainable nature and high octane number. In this study, the fuel film characteristics of single-plume ethanol impinging spray was investigated. The experiments were performed under ultra-low fuel/plate temperature to simulate the cold start condition in cold areas. A low temperature thermostatic bath combined with specially designed heat exchangers were used to achieve ultra-low temperature for both the impinging plate and the fuel. Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique was employed to measure the thickness of fuel film deposited on the impinging plate. Rhodamine 6G was resolved into ethanol as the tracer, which can be excited by 532 nm laser and fluorescence at 560-590 nm. A low speed imaging system was used to capture the film characteristics. The LIF signal was converted to film thickness following a known height calibration approach. It was found that, with the decrease of plate temperature, the average film became thicker and the adhered mass increased although the wetted area became smaller due to the larger viscosity. Moreover, lower fuel temperature leads to thicker film and more adhered mass. The wetted areas are close to each other under different fuel temperatures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Crystal state and solution conformation of the B blood group trisaccharide alpha- l-Fucp-(12)-[alpha- d-Galp]-(13)]-beta- d-Galp-OCH3 (1999)

The crystal structure of the human B blood group related trisaccharide alpha-L-Fucp-(1-->2)-[alpha-D-Galp]-(1-->3)-beta-D-Galp-OCH3 (1) has been determined. The solution structure of 1 was studied by two-dimensional NMR techniques at 600 MHz in D2O solution and the conformational properties were analyzed in terms of the torsional angles phiH and psiH, derived from 3JCH coupling constants, and 10 inter-residue proton-proton distances. 3JCH could be accurately measured by a recently introduced two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation experiment (EXSIDE). The nuclear Overhauser enhancement-derived distances and the calculated torsion angles were compared with the same information available from the crystal structure. The agreement is excellent, indicating that the trisaccharide adopts a restricted conformation in solution, which was also predicted by the Hard Sphere Exo-Anomeric forcefield. The data of 1 are complemented by NMR studies of the closely related alpha-L-Fucp-(1-->2)-[6-deoxy-alpha-D-Galp]-(1-->3)-beta-D-Galp O-(CH2 )7CH3 trisaccharide (2).
Storage Stability and Degradation Kinetics of Phytonutrients of Red Palm-pressed Mesocarp Olein (2023)

Red palm-pressed mesocarp olein (PPMO) contains plenty of naturally occurring phytonutrients. However, the application of PPMO in food is limited due to the lack of scientific data. In the study, stability and degradation kinetics of carotenoid and vitamin E in PPMO under two storage temperature, 23°C (with and without light) and 35℃ (without light), for a period of twelve months were performed. Amber bottles were used for optimum protection against damaging UV light. Both temperature and light conditions significantly influenced the total carotenoid and vitamin E contents of PPMO, as well as oil quality in terms of peroxide value and anisidine value to a different extent. Correlation analysis showed that oil quality was significantly but negatively correlated with phytonutrients. In addition, both zero- and first-order kinetic models were able to describe the degradation kinetics of the phytonutrients in PPMO. Zero-order was the best fit with higher correlation coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) for both carotenoid and vitamin E contents, except for carotenoid that was kept at 23°C whereby first-order displayed the best fit. The half-life of carotenoid and vitamin E in PPMO were 40.8 months and 21.6 months, respectively under the optimised storage condition (23°C in amber bottles). In conclusion, storage of PPMO at lower temperature and in light-limited environment could effectively lower its oxidation rate and degradation rate of carotenoid and vitamin E, postulating its shelf life to be prolonged.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Preclinical Efficacy of the Auristatin-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugate BAY 1187982 for the Treatment of FGFR2-Positive Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The anti-tumor efficacy of different FGFR2-ADC BAY 1187982 treatment schedules on MFM-223 human TNBC mouse model.&lt;/p&gt;
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at High Temperature for Polarized Proton Target(偏極陽子標的の為の高温動的核偏極) (1997)

We h a v e carried out the experiment of proton polarization in single crystals of naphthalene and p-terphenyl doped with pentacene using a dye-laser.The experiment has been made in the magnetic eld of 3kGauss at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature.The pentacene molecules were excited to the lowest triplet state through singlet excited states with the laser, then the microwave w as irradiated during the lifetime of the triplet state and simultaneously the external eld was swept for transferring the population dierence of electrons between two Zeeman sublevels to the proton polarization by means of the integrated solid eect.It has been conrmed that the 'electron polarization' dened for the two Zeeman sublevels j0 > and j 0 1 > on the triplet state is about 70% and that integrated solid eect has worked eciently.It has been found that the relaxation rate of protons in the naphthalene crystal increases with laser power signicantly at room temperature, whereas it is low but increases slightlywithlaser powerevenin liquidnitrogen.The laser powerdependence of the relaxation rate during the irradiation of the N 2 -laser( = 337nm) is larger than that with the dye-laser( = 595nm).From these results, we have concluded that it is preferable to irradiate the pulsed dye-laser on the crystal immersed in liquid nitrogen for our purpose.We obtained the proton polarization of 30% in naphthalene doped with pentacene(0.001mol%)using the pulsed dye-laser with the wavelength of 600nm, the average power of 350mW and the repetition rate of 50Hz at liquid nitrogen temperature.The maximum polarization obtained at room temperature was 0.12%.We obtained the proton polarization of 1.3% and 19% in the single crystal of p-terphenyl doped with 0.1mol% pentacene at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature respectively.The polarization of protons was conrmed by the neutron transmission method.The results were consistent with that measured by means of the NMR method.We have concluded that the proton polarization by the integrated solid eect on the photoexcited triplet state at high temperature is applicable to the polarized target and the spin lter, since such a target is strong for heating and radiation damage and can be used for very low energy particles as well.
Characteristics of activation waves immediately following unsuccessful defibrillation in a computer model of the right atrium (2002)

Atrial fibrillation is a common disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study describes a novel computer model designed to simulate defibrillation of the entire right atrium. Six model atria were defibrillated at seven sequential times. Our results indicate that the activation waves propagating immediately following unsuccessful defibrillation occur in cells with exposure to less current during the defibrillation (p<0.0001), and less recovery time following their last activation (p<0.0001).
Studies on polarization synthesis and differential backscatter phase observations (2002)

Discusses interpretations of polarization synthesis results of simple point targets and distributed scatterers such as vegetation. Polarization responses are displayed on both Poincare sphere and Cartesian space. Polarization responses of dihedral target and vegetation media are compared to identify the dominant scattering mechanism. Measurements of co-polarized backscatter phase measurements are used to show that the tilt angle in polarization response plot is due to backscatter phase difference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cytomegalovirus resistance in solid organ transplant recipients treated with intravenous ganciclovir or oral valganciclovir (2009)

Treatment with oral valganciclovir or intravenous ganciclovir results in similar and low rates of resistance mutations in SOT recipients. Patients with drug-resistant CMV strains often have virological failure and might have unfavourable clinical outcomes.
Characteristics of the Thick-Film Capacitor Using Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Ba(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (1991)

Some properties of a thick-film capacitor which is fabricated through a conventional thick-film processing technique in nitrogen atmosphere are investigated. Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 and Ba(Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 )O 3 , each of which shows different temperature dependence of the dielectric constant according to their Curie points, are employed as dielectric materials for the purpose of obtaining specific properties of the capacitor. Addition of PbO 2 as a sintering aid makes it possible for both crystalline phases to coexist in the dielectric layer with no mutual reaction. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant as a function of composition, the microstructure and the distribution of elements are studied. As a result, it is proved that the mix sintering method is successfully applicable to the temperature dependence of a thick-film capacitor with various properties.
Electrical Characterization of Dry and Wet Processed Interface Layer in Ge/High-K Devices (2015)

Even through Ge/high-k interface has been extensively studied, the high leakage current associated with these gate stacks and interface defects continue to introduce frequency dispersion and hysteresis in capacitance-voltage (CV) and conductance-voltage (GV) characteristics. These dispersions severely limit the understanding the interface and accurate estimation of interface state density, D it and equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). In this work, the dry and wet processed interface layers for three different p type Ge/High-K samples on 300 mm wafers were studied at different low temperatures by CV and GV measurement. Since low temperature measurements are more reliable several parameters like EOT, flatband voltage, bulk doping, surface potential as a function of gate voltage are reported and interface quality is being discussed.
Defining Joint Quality Using Weld Attributes (2017)

Manufacturing of lithium-ion battery packs for electric or hybrid electric vehicles requires a significant amount of joining, such as welding, to meet the desired power and capacity needs. However, conventional fusion welding processes such as resistance spot welding and laser welding face difficulties in joining multiple sheets of highly conductive, dissimilar materials to create large weld areas. Ultrasonic metal welding overcomes these difficulties by using its inherent advantages derived from its solid-state process characteristics. Although ultrasonic metal welding is well-qualified for battery manufacturing, there is a lack of scientific quality guidelines for implementing ultrasonic welding in volume production. In order to establish such quality guidelines, this chapter first identifies a number of critical weld attributes that determine the quality of welds by experimentally characterizing the weld formation over time using copper-to-copper welding as an example. Samples of different weld quality were cross-sectioned and characterized with optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, and hardness measurements in order to identify the relationship between physical weld attributes and weld performance. A novel microstructural classification method for the weld region of an ultrasonic metal weld is introduced to complete the weld quality characterization. The methodology provided in this chapter links process parameters to weld performance through physical weld attributes.
Producing paper, useful as e.g. filter paper, speaker membrane and suture, comprises providing modified nanofibrils of cellulose, providing suspension of modified nanofibrils, and filtering, dewatering and drying the nanofibrils (2009)

The present invention relates to a method of producing a cellulose based paper, the paper itself and the use thereof where the paper exhibits enhanced mechanical properties. The method involves pro ...
Evaluation of Labeling Uncertainty in Multiple Target Tracking with Track-before-detect Radars (2019)

The labeling problem in Multiple Target Tracking represents the problem of dealing with joint multi-target position uncertainties. This problem can be tackled by probabilistically characterizing the assignment of positions to labels [1]. The goal of this paper is to provide a performance evaluation criterion for such labeling characterization. In particular, an optimal decomposition of the association-free filtering posterior is derived analytically in a detection-based context. A particle-based implementation of this decomposition provides a definition of optimality regarding the labeling of the targets. This definition of optimality is also relevant for the characterization of labeling uncertainty in the track-before-detect context. An algorithm is provided for practical implementation of the method and used to evaluate the labeling uncertainty characterization proposed in [1].
Specific Lipoplex-Mediated Antisense Against Bcl-2 in Breast Cancer Cells: A Comparison between Different Formulations (2006)

G3139 is an antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) that can down-regulate bcl-2, thus potentially acting as a potent anticancer drug. However, effective therapy requires efficient ODN delivery, which may be achieved by employing G3139 lipoplexes. Yet, lipofection is a complex, multifactorial process that is still poorly understood. In order to shed more light on this issue, we prepared 18 different G3139 lipoplex formulations and compared them in terms of their capability to transfect MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Each formulation was composed of a cationic lipid and sometimes a helper lipid. The cationic lipid was either DOTAP (N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride), DC-CHOL (3ss[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol), or CCS (ceramide carbomoyl spermine). The helper lipid was either DOPC, DOPE, or cholesterol. Each lipid combination existed in two different structural forms--either large unilamellar vesicles (approximately 100 nm LUV) or unsized heterolamellar vesicles (UHV). Cell proliferation assays were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of G3139 lipoplexes, control cationic lipid assemblies, and free G3139. Western blots were used to confirm the specific activity of G3139 as an anti-bcl-2 antisense agent. We determined that treatment of MCF-7 cells with G3139:CCS lipoplexes (UHV-derived) produced a maximal 50-fold improvement in antisense efficacy compared to treatment with free G3139. The other G3139 lipoplexes were not superior to free G3139. Thus, successful lipofection requires precise optimization of lipoplex lipid composition, structure, and concentration.
A Highly Accurate Beam Finite Element for Curved and Twisted Helicopter Blades (2011)

Blade optimization is more than ever a crucial activity for helicopter manufacturers, always looking for performance improvements, noise reduction and vibratory comfort increase. Latest studies have led to design new blade concepts including a double swept plan shape, an evolutionary and increased twist angle at the tip and a new layout for internal components like roving spars. Such blades exhibit a highly coupled behavior between torsion, longitudinal and bending motions that should be accurately modeled for predictive numerical tools. In this research a highly accurate beam finite element is formulated in the rotating frame to improve the static deformation calculation under aerodynamic and centrifugal loads and thus enhance dynamic and stability analysis usually performed for a helicopter development. Numerical and experimental investigations are performed to demonstrate the model reliability both for academic beams with extreme shape and for actual blade design.
Abstract B212: Inhibition of Gli transcriptional factors sensitizes multiple carcinoma cell lines to erlotinib treatment. (2011)

Abstract The aberrant activation of Hedgehog/Gli transcriptional factor has been implicated with a broad spectrum of lethal tumors. Targeted inhibition at cell membrane level of the Hh pathway, i.e. Smo and Hh inhibitors, has shown promising anti-tumor activity in both preclinical and clinical trials. A growing body of evidence has revealed additional mechanisms of Gli activation which are independent of Hh/SMO regulation and are stimulated by the crosstalk between components downstream of Hh/Smo and several other oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathways. We hypothesized that the simultaneous inhibition of the EGFR pathway and Gli function could abrogate the interaction and result in synergistic anti-tumor effects. In order to test this hypothesis, we have undertaken studies in multiple lung cancer and mesothelioma cell lines. Effects of combination treatments with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib and an Hh pathway inhibitor were examined by using MTS assay. In our studies, the application of the Hh pathway inhibitor sensitized lung cancer cells to erlotinib treatment with a higher than 10 fold decrease of IC50. We also used the CalcuSyn software to calculate Combination Index (CI), in order to evaluate the effects of combination treatments (CI&amp;lt;1 indicates Synergism, CI=1 indicates Additive effects, and CI&amp;gt;1 indicates Antagonisim). In many lung and mesothelioma cell lines, the dual treatment of the Hh inhibitor and erlotinib showed synergistic effects with a Combination Index (CI) lower than 0.7. To elucidate the mechanism of the crosstalk between the two pathways, we have examined the activities of EGFR and Hh pathways upon single and dual treatments. Based on our studies, we speculate that dual inhibition of Hh/Gli and EGFR pathways may become a promising targeted therapy for lung cancers and mesothelioma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B212.
Mechanism of OFF-State Lifetime Improvement in Complementary Atom Switch (2014)

An improvement mechanism of the OFF-state lifetime in a complementary atom switch (CAS) is investigated by detecting a time-dependent stress voltage transition between two atom switches. The CAS consists of two bipolar-resistive-change elements connected in series with opposite direction, which are applicable for a nonvolatile crossbar switch routing signals. In the OFF-state, one switch is biased to the forward (turn-on) direction and the other to reverse (turn-off) during the crossbar switch operation. It is revealed that the switch elements do not only share the voltage stress with each other, but also mitigate the stress voltage of the forward-biased one by the reverse-biased one. The complementary sharing of the stress voltage in the two atom switches results in enlarging the OFF-state lifetime of the CAS, which is essential for keeping the crossbar switch reliability high.
Hierarchical, Generic to Specific Multi-class Object Recognition (2006)

Early vision systems could perform specific object recognition reasonably well but did not fare as well on identifying natural object classes. Recent advances have led to systems that can learn a representation for different object classes and achieve good generic object class recognition. However, these systems are generally unable to perform the fine distinctions required for specific object identification. It seems that the two approaches are in contrast with each other. We propose a system that addresses the problems of generic class recognition as well as specific object recognition in the same framework. Our system also possesses the property of graceful degradation, i.e., if it is unable to recognize an object as a dog, it recognizes it at least as a quadruped and so on. We automatically learn a hierarchy of the classes from the training data, progressing from the most generic class labels to the most specific object labels. This hierarchy is used during recognition. One important benefit of the hierarchical organization of the classes is that the number of comparisons performed for every input does not increase linearly with the number of classes added