gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly stereoselective double (R)-phenylglycinol-induced cyclocondensation reactions of symmetric aryl bis(oxoacids) (2010)

The double cyclocondensation of symmetric pyridyl bis(oxoacids) 2b and 3b with (R)-phenylglycinol stereoselectively gave access to bis-phenylglycinol-derived oxazolopyrrolidine 9 and oxazolopiperidone 10, respectively. Application of the stereocontrolled cyclocondensation reaction to phenyl bis-γ-oxoacid 4b provided 11, which was converted to the corresponding enantiopure di(pyrrolidinyl)benzene 22. The absolute configuration of the new stereogenic centers generated in the key cyclocondenstion step was unambiguously established by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Angular Analysis of $D^0 \to \pi^+\pi^-\mu^+\mu^-$ and $ D^0 \to K^+ K^- \mu^+ \mu^-$ Decays and Search for CP Violation (2021)

The first full angular analysis and an updated measurement of the decay-rate $CP$ asymmetry of the $D^0 \to π^+π^-μ^+μ^-$ and $D^0 \to K^+K^-μ^+μ^-$ decays are reported. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$. The full set of $CP$-averaged angular observables and their $CP$ asymmetries are measured as a function of the dimuon invariant mass. The results are consistent with expectations from the standard model and with $CP$ symmetry.
Prediction of Surface Oil Rates for Volatile Oil and Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques (2021)

Abstract Allocated well production rates are crucial to evaluate the well performance. Test separators and flowmeters were replaced with choke formulas due to economic and technical issues special for high gas–oil ratio (GOR) reservoirs. This study implements Adaptive network-based fuzzy logic (ANFIS), and functional networks (FN) techniques to predict the oil rate through wellhead chokes. A set of data containing 1200 wells were obtained from actual oil fields in the Middle East. The data set included GOR, upstream and downstream pressure, choke size, and actual oil and gas rates based on the well test. GOR varied from 1000 to 9265 scf/stb, while oil rates ranged between 1156 and 7982 stb/d. Around 650 wells were flowing under critical flow conditions, while the rest were subcritical. Seventy percent of the data were used to train the artificial intelligence (AI) models, while thirty percent of the data were used to test and validate these models. The developed AI models were then compared against the previous formulas. For subcritical flow conditions, rate prediction was correlated to both upstream and downstream pressures, while at critical flow conditions, changes in the downstream pressure did not affect the prediction of the production rates. For each AI method, two models were developed for subcritical flow and critical flow conditions. The average absolute percent error (AAPE) in the case of subcritical flow for ANFIS and FN were 0.88, and 1.01%, respectively. While in the case of critical flow, the AAPE values were 1.07, and 1.3% for ANFIS and FN models, respectively. All developed AI models outperform the published formulas, where the AAPE values for published formulas were higher than 34%. The results from this study will greatly assist petroleum engineers to predict the oil and gas rates based on available data from wellhead chokes in real-time with no need for additional operational costs or field intervention.
Genomic Analysis of Tumors by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization: More Is Better (2006)

To the Editor: 

We read with interest the article by Baldwin et al. ( [1][1]), which describes the use of an array of 32,433 bacterial artificial chromosome clones tiled across the genome ( [2][2], [3][3]) to map genomic aberrations in 20 oral squamous cell carcinoma samples by array comparative
Change in conformation of various DNAs on melting as followed by circular dichroism (1982)

Abstract The intensities of the CD bands at about 275 and 190 nm were monitored for DNAs with different G + C contents as a function of temperature. The 190‐nm bands showed a nearly complete and cooperative collapse on melting of the DNA, demonstrating that the CD arises from base–base interactions. The small cooperative change on melting shown by the 275‐nm bands indicates that base–base interactions do not contribute much CD intensity here. No significant difference in melting temperature was found between the two wavelengths, but the lack of premelting in the 190‐nm bands contrasted with the significant premelting in the 275 nm bands. Since the 190‐nm bands are particularly sensitive to base–base interactions, the relative positions of the bases must not change much during premelting. Still, changes in such interactions would be noticeable on top of the low intensity of the 275‐nm bands. Premelting is discussed in the light of recent studies on DNA conformation.
Investigation of the cytotoxicity of nanozeolites A and Y (2011)

Nanosized zeolite particles are important materials for many applications in the field of nanotechnology. The possible adverse effects of these nanomaterials on human health have been scarcely investigated and remain largely unknown. This study reports the synthesis of nanozeolites Y and A with particle sizes of 25-100 nm and adequate colloidal stability for in vitro cytotoxicity experiments. The cytotoxic response of macrophages, epithelial and endothelial cells to these nanocrystals was assessed by determining mitochondrial activity (MTT assay) and cell membrane integrity (LDH leakage assay). After 24 h of exposure, no significant cytotoxic activity was detected for nanozeolite doses up to 500 μg/ml. The addition of fetal calf serum to the cell culture medium during exposure did not significantly change this low response. The nanozeolites showed low toxicity compared with monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticles of similar size (60 nm). These results may contribute to the application of safe nanozeolites for purposes such as medical imaging, sensing materials, low-k films and molecular separation processes.
Primary papillary carcinoma of the thymus with invasion into subcutaneous tissue through the sternum (2014)

Thymic carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm. We present a Japanese case of papillary carcinoma of thymus in a 64-year-old man that invaded into subcutaneous tissue penetrating the sternum. We describe the clinical and pathologic features of this extremely rare thymic epithelial tumor, with disease-free survival at three years of follow-up.
The antitumor effects of the quinoline-3-carboxamide linomide on Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic cancers. (1992)

Linomide (N-phenylmethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxyl-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3- carboxamide) is a quinoline 3-carboxamide which previously has been demonstrated to produce immunomodulator and antitumor effects when given in vivo. To test the possible antitumor effects of linomide against prostatic cancers, rats bearing five distinct Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic cancer sublines were treated daily with i.p. injections of linomide. These studies demonstrated that linomide has a reproducible antitumor effect against all of the prostatic cancers tested regardless of their growth rate, degree of morphologic differentiation, metastatic ability, or androgen responsiveness. This antitumor effect is observed only in vivo, not in vitro, and involves a cytotoxic response of the prostatic cancer cells. This cytotoxic response results in the retardation of the growth rate (i.e., increased tumor volume doubling time) of primary prostatic cancers and in metastatic lesions. Linomide's growth retardation is reversible, and thus continuous daily treatment with linomide is required for maximal antitumor response. Pretreatment of rats with linomide before tumor inoculation has no effect in addition to that produced by initiating linomide treatment at the time of tumor inoculation. No enhancement of either natural killer cell number or natural killer cell cytotoxic activity is induced by linomide treatment in the tumor-bearing rats. In addition, depletion of natural killer cell activity via injections of asialo-GM1 antiserum does not prevent the antitumor effects of linomide in vivo. Likewise, the antitumor effects of linomide are also produced in prostatic cancer-bearing athymic nude rats. These results suggest that the requirement for host involvement in the antitumor effects of linomide against rat prostatic cancers may involve both immune and nonimmune host mechanism(s) (e.g., antiangiogenesis).
Pump-induced, dual-frequency switching in a short-cavity, ytterbium-doped fiber laser (2007)

Using a short linear cavity composed of a section of highly ytterbium-doped fiber surrounded by two fiber Bragg gratings, dual-frequency switching is achieved by tuning the pump power of the laser. The dual-frequency switching is generated by the thermal effects of the absorbed pump in the ytterbium-doped fiber. At each frequency, the laser shows single-longitudinal-mode behavior. In each single-mode regime, the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the laser is greater than 50 dB. The dual-frequency, switchable, fiber laser can be designed for various applications by the careful selection of the two gratings.
Blue emission in photoluminescence spectra of the red phosphor CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ at low Eu2+ concentration (2017)

In red phosphor CaAlSiN3:Eu2+, unintentional blue emission occurs with increasing intensity at low Eu2+ concentrations and also at low measurement temperatures. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were used to confirm the decrease in red emission and increase in blue emission with the decreasing Eu2+ concentration. The peak timing of blue emission occurred faster than that of red emission, and long lasting luminescence of red emission was observed as well as that of blue emission. The Eu2+ concentration dependences of the red and blue emissions were similar to those of the g values 4.75 (Eu2+) and 2.0025 (nitrogen vacancies), respectively, which were observed from electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. The origin of the blue emission is proposed to be nitrogen vacancy defects, which had about the same ESR signal intensity as that of Eu2+ ions in CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ containing 0.01 at. % Eu2+. The possibility of red emission also arising from excited electron tunneling or thermal pathways via nitrogen vacancies is discussed. Long lasting red emission was observed, which is proposed to involve trapped electrons remaining at nitrogen vacancies, yielding blue emission and inducing red emission from Eu2+ ions.
Synthesis, Characterization and Development of a High-Throughput Methodology for the Discovery of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Inhibitors (2006)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), etiological agents of the deadly food poisoning disease botulism, are the most toxic proteins currently known. Although only a few hundred cases of botulism are reported in the United States annually, there is growing interest in BoNTs attributable to their potential use as biological warfare agents. Neurotoxicity results from cleavage of the soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor complex proteins of the presynaptic vesicles by the BoNT light chain subunit, a Zn endopeptidase. Few effective inhibitors of BoNT/A LC (light chain) activity are known, and the discovery process is hampered by the lack of an efficient high-throughput assay for screening compound libraries. To alleviate this bottleneck, we have synthesized the peptide SNAPtide and have developed a robust assay for the high-throughput evaluation of BoNT/A LC inhibitors. Key aspects for the development of this optimized assay include the addition of a series of detergents, cosolvents, and salts, including 0.01% w/v Tween 20 to increase BoNT/A LC catalysis, stability, and ease of small molecule screening. To evaluate the effectiveness of the assay, a series of hydroxamate-based small molecules were synthesized and examined with BoNT/A LC. The methodology described is superior to other assays reported to date for the high-throughput identification of BoNT/A inhibitors.
Chemical solution deposition (CSD) and characterization of ferroelectric and dielectric thin films (1998)

Abstract This invited paper discusses chemical solution deposition (CSD) and characterization of ferroelectric and dielectric thin films. Liquid Source Misted Chemical Deposition (LSMCD) technology was employed to deposit thin films using Metal Organic Decomposition (MOD) precursors. The configuration of the LSMCD machine along with deposition conditions and parameters are discussed in detail. Thickness uniformity, repeatability and step coverage data are also reported. Finally, electrical properties of thin Y1 and BST films deposited by LSMCD are discussed.
Switchable near-zero-index magnetic metamaterial for dynamic beam-scanning lens (2012)

A design for a switchable metamaterial is presented that allows for digital control over its bulk properties, from near-zero-index to near-free-space at the targeted operational frequency. A distributed shift register is formed over the slab of metamaterial for individual control of varactor diodes within each unit cell, which tune the resonant frequencies of modified split-ring resonators within selected regions of a hexagonal array. The metamaterial was designed using off-the-shelf components for integration into a cylindrical transformation electromagnetics metamaterial beam-scanning lens for dynamic single-feed antenna beamforming.
A chattering free Lyapunov function based sliding mode controller applied to single phase series connected PV Inverter for grid voltage compensation (2010)

In this paper, a new type of Lyapunov function based load voltage tracking controller is proposed for series connected PV inverter for grid voltage disturbances compensation. The inverter operates during the day time as an active power compensator as well as load voltage regulator under grid voltage sag, swell or even under normal condition. The compensating voltage provided by the inverter is added vectorially in series with the grid voltage in such a way that the load voltage magnitude is maintained constant along with power flow control facility from the inverter to the load. It is shown by mathematical analysis that the controller gives chattering free sliding mode characteristics. The proposed controller shows faster dynamic response in terms of output voltage tracking capability in comparison with the other reported series connected inverter controllers. The proposed control strategy is relatively simple to implement and provides improved performance as compared to other conventional tracking controllers. Experimental results are provided to show the efficacy of the proposed controller in terms of output voltage tracking capability for the series inverter system.
MLSys: The New Frontier of Machine Learning Systems (2019)

Machine learning (ML) techniques are enjoying rapidly increasing adoption. However, designing and implementing the systems that support ML models in real-world deployments remains a significant obstacle, in large part due to the radically different development and deployment profile of modern ML methods, and the range of practical concerns that come with broader adoption. We propose to foster a new systems machine learning research community at the intersection of the traditional systems and ML communities, focused on topics such as hardware systems for ML, software systems for ML, and ML optimized for metrics beyond predictive accuracy. To do this, we describe a new conference, MLSys, that explicitly targets research at the intersection of systems and machine learning with a program committee split evenly between experts in systems and ML, and an explicit focus on topics at the intersection of the two.
Exploiting FRI signal structure for sub-Nyquist sampling and processing in medical ultrasound (2015)

Signals consisting of short pulses are present in many applications including ultrawideband communication, object detection and navigation (radar, sonar) and medical imaging. The structure of such signals, effectively captured within the finite rate of innovation (FRI) framework, allows for significant reduction in sampling rates, required for perfect reconstruction. In this work we consider ultrasound imaging, where the FRI signal structure allows to reduce both sampling and processing rates. We show that beamforming, a crucial processing step in image generation that generally requires oversampling, can be implemented directly on reduced rate samples. This is obtained by replacing the standard time-domain processing by a frequency domain approach and relying on FRI sampling techniques in frequency. Using this approach we achieve significant rate reduction while retaining adequate image quality for both 2D and 3D imaging setups using data obtained by commercial imaging system.
Possible Participation of Fas-Mediated Apoptosis in the Mechanism of Atherosclerosis (1997)

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that plays a major role during development, homeostasis, and in many diseases. Recent evidence has demonstrated the death of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within advanced human atheroma. In the rat balloon-injury model, apoptotic cells were specifically identified in the neointima. The presence of apoptotic cells was demonstrated by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). To clarify the mechanisms that trigger apoptosis in atherosclerotic lesions, we examined whether cytokines released from macrophages can modulate Fas, a death signal, in cultured human VSMCs. Simultaneous treatment with interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) but not with each cytokine alone induced upregulation of Fas in VSMCs. However, coincubation with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, inhibited the upregulation of Fas induced by IL-1 and TNF-alpha. Incubation with sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, also induced upregulation of Fas in VSMCs. Furthermore, fluorescent nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258 revealed that monoclonal antibody to human Fas significantly enhanced NO-induced apoptotis in VSMCs. These findings suggest that macrophage-derived cytokines can induce upregulation of Fas through a NO-dependent mechanism in VSMCs. Thus, Fas-mediated apoptosis may regulate apoptotic death of VSMCs during atherogenesis.
Tachykinin NK2 receptors and enhancement of cholinergic transmission in the inflamed rat colon: an in vivo motility study (2001)

In the gastrointestinal tract, tachykinin NK(2) receptors are localized both on smooth muscle and nerve fibres. NK(2) receptor antagonists reduce exaggerated intestinal motility in various diarrhoea models but the site of action contributing to this effect is unknown. In this study we investigated the effects of atropine (1.4 micromol kg(-1), i.v.), hexamethonium (13.5 micromol kg(-1), i.v.), and nepadutant (0.1 micromol kg(-1), i.v.), a selective tachykinin NK(2) receptor antagonist, on distension (0.5 and 1 ml)-, or irritation (acetic acid, 0.5 ml of 7.5% v v(-1))-induced motility in the rat distal colon in vivo. The effects of atropine, hexamethonium or N(omega)-nitro-L-argininemethylester (L-NAME, 1.85 micromol kg(-1), i.v.) on [betaAla(8)]NKA(4-10) (10 nmol kg(-1), i.v.)-induced colonic contractions were also investigated. When the colonic balloon was filled with a subthreshold volume (0.5 ml), the intraluminal instillation of acetic acid triggered a high-amplitude phasic colonic motility which was partially reduced by nepadutant and suppressed by either hexamethonium or atropine. Filling of the balloon with 1 ml evoked reflex (hexamethonium-sensitive), atropine-sensitive phasic colonic motility: nepadutant had no significant effect on the distension-evoked motility. Neither hexamethonium nor atropine significantly reduced [betaAla(8)]NKA(4-10)-induced colonic contractions, whereas nepadutant suppressed them. Following L-NAME pretreatment, [betaAla(8)]NKA(4-10)-induced colonic contractions were inhibited by both atropine and hexamethonium. In hexamethonium-pretreated animals, an atropine-sensitive component of [betaAla(8)]NKA(4-10)-induced colonic contractions was also evident. These results indicate that the application of irritants onto the colonic mucosa induces the release of endogenous tachykinins which enhance excitatory cholinergic mechanisms through the stimulation of NK(2) receptors.
Electrochemical and luminescent properties of poly(fluorene) derivatives for optoelectronic applications (2001)

We report the synthesis of novel alternating copolymers of the kind A-alt-B, where A is a dialkylfluorene unit and B is an aromatic moiety unit which is varied in order to change the position of the frontier energy levels; in particular we find that the B unit thiophene S,S-dioxide is particularly effective at increasing the polymer electron affinity and ionisation potential.
A bandwidth limited and error tolerant nVoD schema for satellite networks (2009)

In this paper, we present a bandwidth limited and error tolerant near-Video-on-Demand (nVoD) schema suitable for satellite networks. Compared to traditional nVoD schemas, such as carousels, it outperforms in terms of download start letency and packet loss tolerance. Video-on Demand (VoD) has been a topic of intense research in the past. The main problem of VoD systems is that their bandwidth requirements do not scale well with user requests. For this reason, VoD is only feasible under some constraints. In general, nVoD systems are an approximation of VoD ones. In them, downloads do not necessarily start when the request arrives, but some time later. by doing so, it is possible to bound the total required bandwidth at the cost of introducing some delay in content download.
Extended depth-of-field light-sheet microscopy improves imaging of large volumes at high numerical aperture (2022)

Light-sheet microscopes must compromise among field of view, optical sectioning, resolution, and detection efficiency. High-numerical-aperture (NA) detection objective lenses provide higher resolution, but their narrow depth of field inefficiently captures the fluorescence signal generated throughout the thickness of the illumination light sheet when imaging large volumes. Here, we present ExD-SPIM (extended depth-of-field selective-plane illumination microscopy), an improved light-sheet microscopy strategy that solves this limitation by extending the depth of field (DOF) of high-NA detection objectives to match the thickness of the illumination light sheet. This extension of the DOF uses a phase mask to axially stretch the point-spread function of the objective lens while largely preserving lateral resolution. This matching of the detection DOF to the illumination-sheet thickness increases the total fluorescence collection, reduces the background, and improves the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as shown by numerical simulations, imaging of bead phantoms, and imaging living animals. In comparison to conventional light sheet imaging with low-NA detection that yields equivalent DOF, the results show that ExD-SPIM increases the SNR by more than threefold and dramatically reduces the rate of photobleaching. Compared to conventional high-NA detection, ExD-SPIM improves the signal sensitivity and volumetric coverage of whole-brain activity imaging, increasing the number of detected neurons by over a third.
Durch Rasterkraftmikroskopie atomar aufgelöste Struktur an den Bruchflächen eines Ba/Si/O/C‐Glases (1997)

Keine periodischen Strukturen treten der topographischen Rasterkraftmikroskopie‐Direktabbildung (siehe rechts) zufolge in der Bruchfläche eines Ba/Si/O/C‐Glases auf. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse verdeutlichen das enorme Potential der noch jungen Methode zur Ermittlung von charakteristischen Strukturelementen in Festkörpern ohne Translationssymmetrie. magnified image