gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous Parylene and effects of liquid on Parylene films deposited on liquid (2011)

We show that, in Parylene films fabricated by Parylene-on-liquid-deposition (POLD), the side in contact with the liquid during deposition develops a porous surface. Because of the liquid nature of such a deposition substrate, the molecules of Parylene monomer can diffuse into and polymerize inside the liquid, which is probably the main cause of this effect. We also found that the dimension of the characteristic features on such a surface as well as the thickness of the porous domain becomes larger when a liquid with larger molecular weight is used. We demonstrate three applications using this interaction between liquids and Parylene: POLD films as gas exchange membranes, POLD as a method to modify the hydrophobicity of Parylene surface, and in pattern-selective deposition of POLD films.
Outage capacity analysis of downlink ODFMA resource allocation with limited feedback (2008)

Theoretical outage capacity analysis for resource allocation in a downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) with limited feedback is presented. OFDMA system with practical resource fair round robin scheduler and erroneous feedback channel is considered. Two feedback methods are analyzed and compared. In the set best-M feedback method, the feedback word indicates the group of the M best resource units. The other feedback method is based on the resource-wise signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) quantization. Results indicate that the set best-M feedback scheme is attractive due to the low feedback overhead and significant allocation gain when few resource units are used and M les 3. The allocation based on the resource-wise one bit feedback outperforms the set best-M schemes especially with erroneous feedback at the cost of the larger feedback overhead.
Predetermined static configurations of a partially shaded photovoltaic module (2016)

Partial shading causes power loss in a photovoltaic module by inducing a power mismatch within the module. This power loss can be significant in building-applied and building-integrated photovoltaic installations. Given the often repetitive nature of shade profiles in such applications, we propose to employ non-reconfigurable or static configurations. We use our simulation tool to precompute static configurations, apply shading scenarios, such as a chimney or tree shade, and make a comparison between the energy yields of different static configurations, which includes that of a conventional module. We then identify the configuration characteristics that consistently yield a higher energy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast rate‐distortion optimized coding mode decision for H.264 (2007)

Abstract In H.264/MPEG‐4 AVC a wide range of different prediction block forms and prediction signal generation methods are available. By selecting an optimal combination of coding modes from the multiple possible combinations of such modes, improvements in coding efficiency can be achieved. However, when using the rate‐distortion optimized coding mode decision method based on the Lagrange multipliers, at the same time as seeing a significant improvement in coding efficiency, we are faced with the problem that the mode decision procedure becomes extremely demanding computationally. The H.264/MPEG‐4 AVC high profile introduces adaptive block size transformations thereby making the number of combinations of coding mode that can be selected even larger than under the main profile. In this paper we investigate a method for hierarchically and adaptively reducing the number of mode combinations. Specifically we propose a method for quickly deciding the coding mode while limiting the reductions in coding efficiency by the correlation information between two mode decision cost functions in accordance with a quantization parameter. The results of experiments confirm that by using the proposed method, the encoding time excluding the motion search can be reduced by up to 4 times for the main profile and by up to 7 times for the high profile as compared to rate‐distortion optimized coding mode decision. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(9): 41– 55, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20342
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on serum liver enzymes and bile acid metabolism in chronic active hepatitis C virus infection (2008)

In the effective cases, the percentage of UDCA in the serum and the percentage of CDCA in biliary bile were significantly higher than in the ineffective cases. This indicates that, when effective, CDCA decreases in hepatocytes and this reduction contributes to hepatoprotection.
Can Discrete Multi-Tone reduce the cost for short reach systems? (2015)

Digital Signal processing is going on spreading from long reach systems to short reach systems like inter-/intra-data center systems. The cost requirements for short reach systems are more stringent than requirements for long reach systems. And digital signal processing is attractive for cost reduction of optical and electrical components. In this paper, digital signal processing, especially Discrete Multi-Tone, are discussed from the viewpoint of cost reduction.
SARS Vaccine Protective in Mice (2005)

Subsequently, we determined in a blinded setting the presence of LGV in a selected group of patients (clinical spectrum and epidemiology described elsewhere By using the 2 reference standard techniques to type C. trachomatis serovars (PCR-based RFLP of the omp1 gene or sequencing the variable segment 2 [VS-2] of the omp1 gene) (9,10) with DNA isolated from rectal swab specimens (standard isopropanol DNA isolation method), we identified 28 of 125 men as LGV-positive. These 28 samples were also positive in both the TaqMan and Rotorgene assays. We also identified 2 additional LGV infections, which were initially typed and then retested as single-strain infections with serovars E and D by both PCRbased RFLP analysis and VS-2 sequencing. This discrepancy is most likely due to a double infection, which will, in most cases, result in the preferential amplification of 1 strain in the omp1 PCR and PCR-based sequencing methods; in the TaqMan and Rotorgene assays, only LGV strains can be amplified. Whether this outbreak is partially technically driven must be assessed in the future by retrospectively investigating the presence of these LGV infections in men who have sex with men and the presence of the L2b strain in the past, since at present only LGV infections from 2003 to 2005 have been investigated.
New Multi-Rod Linear Actuator for Direct-Drive, Wide Mechanical Bandpass Applications (2015)

Abstract—In this paper, a new multi-rod linear actuator is pre-sented. This actuator has been developed for high thrust density and wide mechanical bandpass applications. The multi-air-gap concept will first be illustrated and explained. Its advantages will be highlighted thanks to finite-element method optimizations. Next, the multi-rod prototype technology will be discussed. Lastly, experimental measurements for prototype forces will be provided. Index Terms—High mechanical bandpass, linear permanent-magnet motor. I.
Expectation–Maximization-Driven Geodesic Active Contour With Overlap Resolution (EMaGACOR): Application to Lymphocyte Segmentation on Breast Cancer Histopathology (2010)

The presence of lymphocytic infiltration (LI) has been correlated with nodal metastasis and tumor recurrence in HER2+ breast cancer (BC). The ability to automatically detect and quantify extent of LI on histopathology imagery could potentially result in the development of an image based prognostic tool for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2+) BC patients. Lymphocyte segmentation in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained BC histopathology images is complicated by the similarity in appearance between lymphocyte nuclei and other structures (e.g., cancer nuclei) in the image. Additional challenges include biological variability, histological artifacts, and high prevalence of overlapping objects. Although active contours are widely employed in image segmentation, they are limited in their ability to segment overlapping objects and are sensitive to initialization. In this paper, we present a new segmentation scheme, expectation-maximization (EM) driven geodesic active contour with overlap resolution (EMaGACOR), which we apply to automatically detecting and segmenting lymphocytes on HER2+ BC histopathology images. EMaGACOR utilizes the expectation-maximization algorithm for automatically initializing a geodesic active contour (GAC) and includes a novel scheme based on heuristic splitting of contours via identification of high concavity points for resolving overlapping structures. EMaGACOR was evaluated on a total of 100 HER2+ breast biopsy histology images and was found to have a detection sensitivity of over 86% and a positive predictive value of over 64%. By comparison, the EMaGAC model (without overlap resolution) and GAC model yielded corresponding detection sensitivities of 42% and 19%, respectively. Furthermore, EMaGACOR was able to correctly resolve over 90% of overlaps between intersecting lymphocytes. Hausdorff distance (HD) and mean absolute distance (MAD) for EMaGACOR were found to be 2.1 and 0.9 pixels, respectively, and significantly better compared to the corresponding performance of the EMaGAC and GAC models. EMaGACOR is an efficient, robust, reproducible, and accurate segmentation technique that could potentially be applied to other biomedical image analysis problems.
Mesoporous Electron-Selective Contacts Enhance the Tolerance to Interfacial Ion Accumulation in Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

Perovskite-based solar cells are emerging as a potential new leading photovoltaic technology. However, several fundamental aspects of the stability remain unclear. In this Letter, we combine experimental measurements and numerical simulations to show that a mesoporous interface between the perovskite and the electron collection layer mitigates the reversible performance loss associated with the ion migration. We argue that larger interfacial area dilutes the concentration of defects that accumulate as a result of the ion migration within the perovskite under working conditions. Our investigation provides a quantitative description of the mechanism, identifying a critical defect concentration that devices can tolerate without reporting reduced performance.
Predictive biomarkers for sacituzumab govitecan efficacy in Trop-2-expressing triple-negative breast cancer (2020)

Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of a humanized anti-Trop-2 IgG antibody conjugated <i>via</i> a hydrolysable linker to SN-38, the topoisomerase I-inhibitory active component of irinotecan. We investigated whether Trop-2-expression and homologous recombination repair (HRR) of SN-38-mediated double-strand DNA (dsDNA) breaks play a role in the sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to SG. Activation of HRR pathways, as evidenced by Rad51 expression, was assessed in SG-sensitive cell lines with low and moderate Trop-2-expression (SK-MES-1 squamous cell lung carcinoma and HCC1806 TNBC, respectively), compared to a low Trop-2-expressing, less SG-sensitive TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231). Further, two Trop-2-transfectants of MDA-MB-231, C13 and C39 (4- and 25-fold higher Trop-2, respectively), were treated in mice with SG to determine whether increasing Trop-2 expression improves SG efficacy. SG mediated >2-fold increase in Rad51 in MDA-MB-231 but had no effect in SK-MES-1 or HCC1806, resulting in lower levels of dsDNA breaks in MDA-MB-231. SG and saline produced similar effects in parental MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice (median survival time (MST) = 21d and 19.5d, respectively). However, in mice bearing higher Trop-2-expressing C13 and C39 tumors after Trop-2 transfection, SG provided a significant survival benefit, even compared to irinotecan (MST = 97d <i>vs.</i> 35d for C13, and 81d <i>vs.</i> 28d for C39, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.0007). These results suggest that SG could provide better clinical benefit than irinotecan in patients with HRR-proficient tumors expressing high levels of Trop-2, as well as to patients with HRR-deficient tumors expressing low/moderate levels of Trop-2.
Estimation Of The Fiber Diameter Distribution In A Regenerating Nerve Bundle (2005)

al recovery occurs, a second reconstruction is necessary. The long waiting period before functional recovery can be detected, reduces the chances for a successful regeneration. In this paper we present a method, based on deconvolution of the nerve compound action signal, for evaluating the quality of regeneration within a few weeks after the repair. If, after a micro-surgical nerve repair, insufficient functioni-1
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Synthesis of Titanosilicates: From the Medium Pore TS‐1 Zeolite to Highly‐Accessible Ordered Materials (2014)

Abstract Review: 123 refs.
Electrically tunable long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers (2007)

We demonstrate an aLl-electrically tunable long period grating in a photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with a nematic liquid crystal. The spectral dips and the resonance wavelengths are tuned electrically and thermally, respectively.
Genetic Studies Exposing the Splicing Events Involved in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Production during Lytic and Latent Infection (1999)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes latency in sensory neurons, a state in which the viral lytic genes are silenced and only the latency locus is transcriptionally active, producing the 2. 0- and 1.5-kb latency-associated transcripts (LATs). Previous experimental evidence indicates that the LATs are stable introns, and it has been reported that LAT formation is abolished by debilitating substitution mutations in the predicted splice sites during lytic infection but not latency (J. L. Arthur et al., J. Gen. Virol. 79:107-116, 1998). We have independently studied a set of deletion mutations to explore the roles of the proposed splice sites during lytic and latent infection. HSV-1 mutant viruses missing the invariant intron-terminal 5'-G(T/C) or 3'-AG dinucleotides were analyzed for LAT formation during lytic infection in vitro, when only the 2-kb LAT is produced, and during latency in mouse trigeminal ganglia, where both LATs are expressed. Northern blot analysis of total RNAs from different productively infected cell lines showed that the lytic (2-kb) LAT was not expressed by the various splice site deletion mutants. In vivo studies using a mouse eye model of latency similarly showed that the latent (2- and 1. 5-kb) LATs were not expressed by the mutants. PCR analysis with primers flanking the LAT sequence revealed the expected splice junction for LAT excision in RNA from sensory neurons latently infected with wild-type but not mutant virus. Using a virus mutant deleted in the splicing signals flanking the 556-bp region of LAT whose absence distinguishes the 1.5- and 2-kb LATs, we observed selective elimination of 1.5-kb LAT expression in latency, supporting previous suggestions that the internal region is removed by splicing. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the 2-kb LAT is formed during both lytic and latent infection by splicing at the predicted splice sites and that an additional splicing event is involved in the latency-restricted production of the 1.5-kb LAT. We have also mapped the 3' end of the lytic 2-kb LAT and discuss our results in the context of previous models addressing the unusual stability of the LATs.
Demonstration of T15 idiotype‐positive effector and suppressor T cells for phosphorylcholine‐specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity response in CBA/N or (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 male mice (1981)

Subcutaneous immunization of CBA/N or (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 (NBF1) male mice, which were defective in phosphorylcholine (PC)-specific humoral antibody response, with PC-conjugated syngeneic spleen cells induced a PC-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, while intravenous administration of the same cells induced PC-specific suppressor T cells for the DTH response. Treatment of PC-specific effector or suppressor T cells for the DTH response induced in NBF1 male mice with anti-T15 idiotypic antibody inactivated effector or suppressor functions of these T cells implying that PC-specific T cells in NBF1 mice expressed T15 idiotypic determinants on their surface. Enrichment of PC-specific suppressor T cells was also shown by employing anti-T15 antibody-coated dishes.
24 GHz Horizontally Polarized Automotive Antenna Arrays With Wide Fan Beam and High Gain (2018)

In this paper, two 24 GHz horizontally polarized 1 × 8 patch antenna arrays were developed for automotive radar applications. The proposed antenna arrays offer the advantages of wide fan beams and high gain. The far-field radiation patterns are widened in the E-plane by disturbing the near-field distribution of each driven patch. In Design I, the driven patch is loaded with a parasitic loop, which functions as a director in the E-plane. Due to the directing effect, the E-plane beamwidth can be increased. The experimental verification prepared for Design I showed that a beamwidth of 130° and a gain of 12.2 dBi can be achieved through this method. To further enhance the beamwidth, another array with each patch loaded with parasitic mushroom-like elements was proposed by Design II. The PMLEs are 180° out of phase to their corresponding driven patch. The cancelation effects can be properly managed to slightly sacrifice the gain of the array in return for a wider beamwidth in the E-plane. Design II exhibits a wider beamwidth of 150° and a lower gain of 11.1 dBi.
Enzymatic Production of Pure D-Mannitol at High Productivity (1998)

AbstractAn enzymatic, NAD(H)-dependent process for the efficient production of D-mannitol from D-fructose as one single product is described and optimized with respect to productivity at high substrate conversion. Stereospecific reduction of D-fructose is catalyzed by recombinant mannitol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50106, overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Regeneration of NADH is accomplished by formate dehydrogenase-mediated oxidation of formate into CO2, thus avoiding byproduct formation and yielding total turnover numbers for the coenzyme of approximately 1000 for a single round of D-fructose conversion. In optimized batchwise reduction of D-fructose, a D-mannitol productivity of 2.25 g/(L h) was obtained for a final product concentration of 72g/L and a D-fructose conversion of 80%. D-Mannitol was crystallized from the ultrafiltered product solution in 97% purity and 85% recovery, thus also allowing reuse of enzymes for repeated batchwise production of D-mann!itol!.Key Words: D-MannitolMannitol dehydrogenaseFormate dehydrogenaseCoenzyme regenerationProductivity
New frontiers in transfusion biology: identification and significance of mediators of morbidity and mortality in stored red blood cells (2011)

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are associated with inflammation and thrombosis, both arterial and venous, the mechanisms of which are not understood. Although a necessary life-saving procedure in modern medicine, transfusions have rarely been subjected to modern assessments of efficacy and safety, including randomized trials. Storage of RBCs induces changes, including the release of free hemoglobin and the accumulation of biologically active soluble mediators and microparticles. These mediators likely play a direct role in the inflammatory and prothrombotic properties of RBC transfusions. Methods such as leukoreduction, washing of RBCs, and rejuvenation may improve the quality of RBC transfusions.
Identification of Nuclear Antigens in Human Cells by Immunofluorescence, Immunoelectron Microscopy, and Immunobiochemical Methods using Monoclonal Antibodies (2018)

Immunoelectron microscopic analysis using colloidal gold-linked second antibody demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies are able to identify the location of nuclear antigens at the ultrastructural level. Hybridoma supernatants were examined by indirect immunofluorescence using cell preparations of the human lymphoma and leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Supernatant fluids from wells with actively growing cells were screened for the presence of antibody by indirect immunofluorescence. All of the monoclonal antibodies directed against nuclear, nucleolar, and perinuclear antigens were found to be human specific and several of these antigens were lymphoid or myeloid specific. Immunocytochemical staining techniques using post-imbedding methods with colloidal gold reagents enabled the ultrastructural localization of monoclonal antibody binding in the cell nucleus. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot procedures were performed in order to identify the molecular weight and chemical nature of the nuclear antigens recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies. A number of laboratories have used immunobiochemical techniques to study the antigenic composition of the eukaryotic nucleus.
Stain-invariant self supervised learning for histopathology image analysis (2022)

We present a self-supervised algorithm for several classification tasks within hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) stained images of breast cancer. Our method is robust to stain variations inherent to the histology images acquisition process, which has limited the applicability of automated analysis tools. We address this problem by imposing constraints a learnt latent space which leverages stain normalization techniques during training. At every iteration, we select an image as a normalization target and generate a version of every image in the batch normalized to that target. We minimize the distance between the embeddings that correspond to the same image under different staining variations while maximizing the distance between other samples. We show that our method not only improves robustness to stain variations across multi-center data, but also classification performance through extensive experiments on various normalization targets and methods. Our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on several publicly available breast cancer datasets ranging from tumor classification (CAMELYON17) and subtyping (BRACS) to HER2 status classification and treatment response prediction.
Tuning support vector machines for minimax and Neyman-Pearson classification (2008)

This paper studies the training of support vector machine (SVM) classifiers with respect to the minimax and Neyman-Pearson criteria. In principle, these criteria can be optimized in a straightforward way using a cost-sensitive SVM. In practice, however, because these criteria require especially accurate error estimation, standard techniques for tuning SVM parameters, such as crossvalidation, can lead to poor classifier performance. To address this issue, we first prove that the usual cost-sensitive SVM, here called the 2C-SVM, is equivalent to another formulation called the 2nu-SVM. We then exploit a characterization of the 2nu-SVM parameter space to develop a simple yet powerful approach to error estimation based on smoothing. In an extensive experimental study we demonstrate that smoothing significantly improves the accuracy of cross-validation error estimates, leading to dramatic performance gains. Furthermore, we propose coordinate descent strategies that offer significant gains in computational efficiency, with little to no loss in performance.
An approach towards tailoring interfacial structures and properties of multiphase renewable thermoplastics from lignin–nitrile rubber (2016)

High-performance multiphase thermoplastics were synthesized by reactive mixing of unmodified industrial lignin and low-cost additives in a matrix of general-purpose acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR).