gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased glucose tolerance in N-type Ca2+ channel α1B-subunit gene-deficient mice (2005)

The voltage-dependent N-type Ca2+ channel is localized in the plasma membrane of insulin-releasing beta-cells and glucagon-releasing alpha-cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. To examine the contribution of N-type Ca2+ channel to glucose homeostasis, we performed glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests with N-type Ca2+ channel alpha(1B)-subunit-deficient mice on a normal or high-fat diet. The fasting glucose level in homozygous mice on the normal diet was significantly lower than those in wild and heterozygous mice. In glucose tolerance tests, the homozygous mice showed a higher glucose clearance rate and a similar pattern of insulin levels to those of wild and heterozygous mice. In insulin tolerance tests, glucose clearance rates showed no significant difference among wild, heterozygous and homozygous mice. In animals on the high-fat diet, food consumption was the same among wild, heterozygous and homozygous mice, but body weight gain was reduced in homozygous mice. After 8 weeks of the high-fat diet, homozygous mice showed lower fasting glucose levels and exhibited higher glucose clearance and lower insulin levels than wild or heterozygous mice in glucose tolerance tests. Glucose clearance rates showed no significant difference among wild, heterozygous and homozygous mice in insulin tolerance tests. After 10 weeks of the high-fat diet, the alpha(1B)-deficient homozygous mice showed lower lipid deposition in liver and lower plasma glucagon, leptin and triglyceride levels than wild or heterozygous mice. These results suggest that N-type Ca2+ channels play a role in insulin and glucagon release, and that N-type Ca2+ channel alpha(1B)-subunit deficient mice show improved glucose tolerance without any change in insulin sensitivity. Thus, N-type Ca2+ channel blockers might be candidate anti-diabetic/anti-obesity agents.
Portable Alcohol Detection System with Breath-Recognition Function (2018)

We have developed a portable device that uses a non-contact breath sensor to detect breath-based alcohol. The device's sensor detects saturated water vapor in human breath, and three semiconductor gas sensors detect ethanol, acetaldehyde, and hydrogen. The device can determine whether the gas introduced into it is human breath and the alcohol level at the same time. This ensures that the sample is of a person's breath, not from an artificial source. Alcohol concentration is calculated using an algorithm based on a differential evolution method and each gas sensor's output. The developed device exhibited a measurement accuracy of approximately ±10 ppm by exhaled breath.
Human structural proteome-wide characterization of Cyclosporine A targets (2014)

Using structural human proteome and a novel algorithm for inverse ligand binding prediction, ILbind, we determined a comprehensive set of 100+ putative partners of CSA. We empirically show that predictive quality of ILbind is better compared with other available predictors for this compound. We linked the putative target proteins, which include many new partners of CSA, with cellular functions, canonical pathways and toxicities that are typical for patients who take this drug. We used complementary approaches (molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface plasmon resonance binding analysis and enzymatic assays) to validate and characterize three novel CSA targets: calpain 2, caspase 3 and p38 MAP kinase 14. The three targets are involved in the apoptotic pathways, are interconnected and are implicated in nephrotoxicity.
Supplementary Table S1 from Dissecting the Mechanisms Underlying the Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) Mediated by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Specification of reagents for flow cytometry (Whole Blood Assay)&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of finite-difference transport and diffusion calculations for photon migration in homogeneous and heterogeneous tissues (1998)

We analyse the limits of the diffusion approximation to the time-independent equation of radiative transfer for homogeneous and heterogeneous biological media. Analytical calculations and finite-difference simulations based on diffusion theory are compared with discrete-ordinate, finite-difference transport calculations. The influence of the ratio of absorption and transport scattering coefficient (mu(a)/mu'(s)) on the accuracy of the diffusion approximation are quantified and different definitions for the diffusion coefficient, D, are discussed. We also address effects caused by void-like heterogeneities in which absorption and scattering are very small compared with the surrounding medium. Based on results for simple homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, we analyse diffusion and transport calculation of light propagation in the human brain. For these simulations we convert density maps obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to optical-parameter maps (mu(a) and mu'(s)) of the brain. We show that diffusion theory fails to describe accurately light propagation in highly absorbing regions, such as haematoma, and void-like spaces, such as the ventricles and the subarachnoid space.
Emission tuned-aperture computed tomography: a novel approach to scintimammography. (2001)

ETACT is shown to be useful for imaging tumors <1 cm in diameter. Because ETACT requires only a gamma camera with a pinhole collimator, it has the potential to be applied in any hospital in a simple, flexible, and practical manner.
Atomic Layer Deposition and Properties of Lanthanum Oxide and Lanthanum‐Aluminum Oxide Films (2006)

Abstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of lanthanum oxide on glass and silicon substrates was examined using lanthanum silylamide, La[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 , and water as precursors in the substrate temperature range of 150–250 °C. The effect of pulse times and precursor evaporation temperature on the growth rate and refractive index was investigated. The films remained amorphous regardless of the deposition conditions. The resulting La 2 O 3 films contained noticeable amounts of hydrogen and silicon and were chemically unstable while stored in ambient air. Lanthanum aluminum oxide films were achieved with stoichiometry close to that of LaAlO 3 at 225 °C from La[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 , Al(CH 3 ) 3 , and H 2 O. The lanthanum β‐diketonate precursor, La(thd) 3 , was used as the reference precursor.
Two Gel States of a PEO-PPO-PEO Triblock Copolymer Formed by Different Mechanisms (2002)

Two gel states of a PEO-PPO-PEO (Pluronic P103) triblock copolymer in water are investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering, rheology and differential scanning calorimetry. The first gel state turns out to be the hexagonal microphase while the second gel state, showing turbidity change with four distinct regions, is somewhat disrupted. The second gel is moreover not thermoreversible as evidenced by rheology. Based upon the present study, two different gelation mechanisms for aqueous PEO-PPO-PEO solutions are proposed.
Diabetes in Asia and the Pacific: Implications for the Global Epidemic (2016)

The last three decades have witnessed an epidemic rise in the number of people with diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, and particularly in developing countries, where more than 80% of the people with diabetes live. The rise of type 2 diabetes in South Asia is estimated to be more than 150% between 2000 and 2035. Although aging, urbanization, and associated lifestyle changes are the major determinants for the rapid increase, an adverse intrauterine environment and the resulting epigenetic changes could also contribute in many developing countries. The International Diabetes Federation estimated that there were 382 million people with diabetes in 2013, a number surpassing its earlier predictions. More than 60% of the people with diabetes live in Asia, with almost one-half in China and India combined. The Western Pacific, the world's most populous region, has more than 138.2 million people with diabetes, and the number may rise to 201.8 million by 2035. The scenario poses huge social and economic problems to most nations in the region and could impede national and, indeed, global development. More action is required to understand the drivers of the epidemic to provide a rationale for prevention strategies to address the rising global public health "tsunami." Unless drastic steps are taken through national prevention programs to curb the escalating trends in all of the countries, the social, economic, and health care challenges are likely to be insurmountable.
Palaeoshorelines of glacial Lake Kuray–Chuja, south-central Siberia: form, sediments and process (2011)

Abstract Glacial lake Kuray–Chuja which occupied the Kuray and Chuja Basins during the Quaternary Period (Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3) left distinct shoreline features around the basin margins. At the greatest extent the lake had a surface area of 2951 km 2 with wind fetches up to 70 km. Wind waves constructed erosional, erosional-accumulative and accumulative strandlines, the latter including spits, tombolos, barrier beaches and offshore bars. Strandlines range in altitude between c . 1600 and 2100 m, the range in altitudes demonstrating lake level variations through time. The shoreline forms and stratigraphy are detailed. Particular attention is given to the presence of pocket beaches on rock-coasts, the alluvial strandlines of which have distinctive alongshore gradients. Although reasonably ascribed to regional differential tectonic uplift, the possibility that the local alongshore gradients are augmented as a process response to alongshore drift of sediment in a sediment-starved system of closed coastal cells is explored using a simple numerical model.
Spin-selective AC Stark shifts in a charged quantum dot (2018)

A strong, far-detuned laser can shift the energy levels of an optically active quantum system via the AC Stark effect. We demonstrate that the polarization of the laser results in a spin-selective modification to the energy structure of a charged quantum dot, shifting one spin manifold but not the other. An additional shift occurs due to the Overhauser field of the nuclear spins, which are pumped into a partially polarized state. This mechanism offers a potentially rapid, reversible, and coherent control of the energy structure and polarization selection rules of a charged quantum dot.
Immunosuppression Involving Soluble CD83 Induces Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells That Prevent Cardiac Allograft Rejection (2010)

Our study revealed that sCD83 is capable of attenuating DC maturation and function, and inducing donor-specific allograft tolerance, in the absence of toxicity. Thus, sCD83 seems to be a safe and valuable counterpart to current DC-modulating agents.
Pentafluorophenyl (3R,4R,5R)-5-{[(3R,4R,5R)-5-azidomethyl-3,4-dimethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-3-carbonylamino]methyl}-3,4-dimethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (2006)

The crystal structure of the title compound, C22H25F5N4O9, an important inter­mediate in the synthesis of novel biopolymers containing branched carbon chains, establishes the relative stereochemistry at all six chiral centres of the dipeptide. The structure may indicate a predisposition to the organization of secondary structure by novel dipeptide isosteres. An inter­molecular hydrogen bond between the NH group and one of the N atoms of the azide group contributes to the stabilization of the packing.
Structure, Biochemistry, and Inhibition of Essential 4′-Phosphopantetheinyl Transferases from Two Species of Mycobacteria (2014)

4'-Phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTase) post-translationally modify carrier proteins with a phosphopantetheine moiety, an essential reaction in all three domains of life. In the bacterial genus Mycobacteria, the Sfp-type PPTase activates pathways necessary for the biosynthesis of cell wall components and small molecule virulence factors. We solved the X-ray crystal structures and biochemically characterized the Sfp-type PPTases from two of the most prevalent Mycobacterial pathogens, PptT of M. tuberculosis and MuPPT of M. ulcerans. Structural analyses reveal significant differences in cofactor binding and active site composition when compared to previously characterized Sfp-type PPTases. Functional analyses including the efficacy of Sfp-type PPTase-specific inhibitors also suggest that the Mycobacterial Sfp-type PPTases can serve as therapeutic targets against Mycobacterial infections.
The Degradation of Human Glomerular Basement Membrane with Purified Lysosomal Proteinases: Evidence for the Pathogenic Role of the Polymorphonuclear Leucocyte in Glomerulonephritis (1978)

1. Human polymorphonuclear leucocyte elastase and cathepsin G were incubated with preparations of isolated human glomerular basement membrane at neutral pH and 37 degrees C. 2. The ability of these enzymes to degrade glomerular basement membrane was followed by the release of hydroxyproline. Both proteinases released considerable amounts of hydroxyproline. 3. By using Sephadex G-100 it was shown that the solubilized basement membrane fragments appeared as a single peak and had a molecular weight of over 100 000. These proteins after reduction were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis to examine their subunit pattern and determine their molecular size. 4. The released basement membrane proteins gave at least four precipitin lines with a rabbit anti-(glomerular basement membrane) antiserum. 5. These results support the concept that polymorphonuclear leucocyte neutral proteinases play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. 6. At acid pH values cathepsin B also released hydroxyproline from human glomerular basement membrane but the lysosomal carboxyl proteinase, cathepsin D, had no action.
A Markedly Improved Synthetic Approach for the Preparation of Multifunctional Au-DNA Nanoparticle Conjugates Modified with Optical and MR Imaging Probes (2018)

We describe a new, and vastly superior approach for labeling spherical nucleic acid conjugates (SNAs) with diagnostic probes. SNAs have been shown to provide the unique ability to traverse the cell membrane and deliver surface conjugated DNA into cells while preserving the DNA from nuclease degradation. Our previous work on preparing diagnostically labeled SNAs was labor intensive, relatively low yielding, and costly. Here, we describe a straightforward and facile preparation for labeling SNAs with optical and MR imaging probes with significantly improved physical properties. The synthesis of Gd(III) labeled DNA Au nanoparticle conjugates is achieved by sequential conjugation of 3'-thiol-modified oligonucleotides and cofunctionalization of the particle surface with the subsequent addition of 1,2 diothiolate modified chelates of Gd(III) (abbreviated: DNA-Gd<sup>III</sup>@AuNP). This new generation of SNA conjugates has a 2-fold increase of DNA labeling and a 1.4-fold increase in Gd(III) loading compared to published constructs. Furthermore, the relaxivity ( r<sub>1</sub>) is observed to increase 4.5-fold compared to the molecular dithiolane-Gd(III) complex, and 1.4-fold increase relative to previous particle constructs where the Gd(III) complexes were conjugated to the oligonucleotides rather than directly to the Au particle. Importantly, this simplified approach (2 steps) exploits the advantages of previous Gd(III) labeled SNA platforms; however, this new approach is scalable and eliminates modification of DNA for attaching the contrast agent, and the particles exhibit improved cell labeling.
Monitoring and mechanisms of organophosphate resistance in San Jose scale, Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (2015)

Abstract San Jose scale, Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), is a serious pest in Chilean apple tree orchards, and a number of organophosphate insecticides were used to control them for decades. Recently, control failures with these insecticides were reported and linked to insecticide resistance development. In this study, 40 San Jose scale field populations were collected and their susceptibility to two commonly used organophosphate insecticides, that is chlorpyrifos and methidathion, was assessed. The obtained bioassay data suggest moderate levels of resistance to both insecticides when compared to a reference susceptible strain. The highest resistance ratio ( RR ) detected for chlorpyrifos and methidathion was 31‐fold and 11‐fold, respectively. The bioassay results suggest the occurrence of a significant cross‐resistance between both compounds. Biochemical measurements revealed a role for esterases in conferring resistance to organophosphates, but not modified acetylcholinesterase. The spatial spread and extend of insecticide resistance were also evaluated. Our result shows that no autocorrelation can be assumed, and then, insecticide resistance is caused by random factors.
Structural basis for constitutive activity and agonist‐induced activation of the enteroendocrine fat sensor GPR119 (2014)

The high constitutive activity of GPR119 should be taken into account in future drug discovery efforts, which can now be guided by the detailed knowledge of the physiochemical properties of the extended ligand-binding pocket.
(Invited) Ultrahigh Areal Capacity Holey Graphene Air Cathodes for Li-O2 and Li-CO2 Batteries (2020)

Advanced lithium (Li) batteries using gaseous cathode reactants such as oxygen (O 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are attractive energy storage platforms because the gases are obtained externally and thus not accounted for in the total battery weight when fully charged. The discharge products at the cathode, typically Li 2 O 2 for Li-O 2 batteries and Li 2 CO 3 for Li-CO 2 batteries, are insoluble in the electrolyte. Therefore, in order for such batteries to function properly, an “air cathode”, which is a conductive scaffold within the battery cell, is required as a physical location for cathode electrochemical reactions to occur. Prior research has identified many carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene as viable choices for air cathode scaffold, while various metallic and metal-free catalytic systems integrated onto carbon-based air cathodes have been developed to improve the sluggish discharge and charge reactions. For future practical applications, the air cathode must exhibit a usable capacity per unit electrode area, or areal capacity, a critical parameter that has been largely overlooked so far in this field. In order to achieve high areal capacity, the air cathode must exhibit a sufficient amount of accessible void volume per unit electrode area while maintaining the conductive scaffold integrity during the entire electrochemical process. Here we present an ultrathick, holey graphene-based air cathode platform fabricated from a facile dry compression process that exhibits remarkable areal capacity values. Holey graphene is a carbon nanomaterial derived from graphene, but with nanometer sized holes through the nanosheet thickness. The holes are generated in a controlled air oxidation process in which the defective carbon on the graphene surface are selectively oxidized and removed. The presence of these holes enhances mass transport through electrode thickness and also enables the unique dry-press fabrication process that is not achievable using other carbon scaffold materials. The dry-pressed holey graphene air cathode platform is compatible with catalyst incorporation to improve battery reaction kinetics. This platform also allows for novel engineering of electrode architectures not achievable using conventional electrode fabrication approaches. The applications of such highly versatile, ultrahigh areal capacity air cathode platforms to both Li-O 2 and Li-CO 2 battery chemistries will be discussed.
Excimer laser coronary angioplasty of aorto-ostial stenoses. Results of the excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) registry in the first 200 patients. (1993)

ELCA is acutely effective and safe therapy in patients with aorto-ostial stenosis. Six-month restenosis, adverse-event rates were higher and functional status was poorer in the group with LM stenosis. ELCA may be considered as an alternative to bypass surgery in carefully selected patients with isolated aorto-ostial stenosis of the RCA and saphenous vein grafts.
Supplementary data from BMI-1 Targeting Interferes with Patient-Derived Tumor-Initiating Cell Survival and Tumor Growth in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary data Figure S1. Functional role(s) of BMI-1 in PCa. Figure S2. BMI-1 expression in subpopulations of DU145 cells. Figure S3. Pharmacological inhibition of BMI-1. Figure S4. Molecular and cellular effects of pharmacological targeting of BMI-1. Figure S5. Examining BMI-1 inhibitors in toxicological assays and effects on normal cells. Figure S6. Toxicity effects of C-209 and CHX on adult and embryo zebrafish. Figure S7. BMI-1 inhibition effect on the normal prostate and hematopoietic system. Figure S8. Representative images of BMI-1 expression in primary PCa samples. Figure S9. Xenografts of human primary PCa cells in embryonic zebrafish. Figure S10. Xenografts of primary PCa tissue in zebrafish embryos. Figure S11. Toxicology assays of chemotherapy and BMI-1 inhibitors in embryonic zebrafish. Figure S12. Anti-tumor activity of BMI-1 inhibitors. Figure S13. Representative H&amp;E staining of mouse xenograft sections indicating the histological effects of treatments. Figure S14. In vivo pharmacological targeting of BMI-1 in androgen independent DU145 and androgen sensitive 22rv1 PCa mouse xenografts. Figure S15. Colony-formation frequency evaluated by dilution analysis of xenograft-derived cells from untreated mice and mice treated with C-209 60mg/kg/day. Figure S16. BMI-1 inhibition effects on androgen-dependent and -independent cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Accurate mass flow and density of bubbly liquids using speed of sound augmented Coriolis technology (2023)

Speed of sound augmented Coriolis technology utilizes a process fluid sound speed measurement to improve the accuracy of Coriolis meters operating on bubbly liquids. This paper presents a theoretical development and experimental validation of speed of sound augmented Coriolis meters. The approach utilizes a process fluid sound speed measurement, based on a beam-forming interpretation of a pair of acoustic pressure transducers installed on either side of a Coriolis meter, to quantify, and mitigate, errors in the mass flow, density, and volumetric flow reported by two modern, dual bent-tube Coriolis meters operating on bubbly mixtures of air and water with gas void fractions ranging from 0% to 5%. By improving accuracy of Coriolis meters operating on bubbly liquids, speed of sound augmented Coriolis meters offer the potential to improve the utility of Coriolis meters on many existing applications and expand the application space of Coriolis meters to address additional multiphase measurement challenges. The sources of measurement errors in Coriolis meters operating on bubbly liquids have been well-characterized in the literature. In general, conventional Coriolis meters interpret the mass flow and density of the process fluid using calibrations developed for single-phase process fluids which are essentially incompressible and homogeneous. While these calibrations typically provide sufficient accuracy for single-phase flow applications, their use on bubbly liquids often results in significant errors in both the reported mass flow, density and volumetric flow. Utilizing a process fluid sound speed measurement and an empirically-informed aeroelastic model of bubbly flows in Coriolis meters, the methodology developed herein compensates the output of conventional Coriolis meters for the effects of entrained gas to provide accurate mass flow, density, volumetric flow, and gas void fraction of bubbly liquids. Data presented are limited to air and water mixtures. However, by influencing the effective bubble size through mixture flow velocity, the bubbly liquids tested exhibit decoupling characteristics which spanned theoretical limits from nearly fully-coupled to nearly fully-decoupled flows. Thus, from a non-dimensional parameter perspective, the data presented is representative of a broad range of bubbly liquids likely to be encountered in practice.