gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of fibroblasts and fibroblast‐derived growth factors in periprosthetic angiogenesis (2007)

The periprosthetic granulomatous soft tissue [designated iterfacial membrane (IFM) in this study] exhibits heterogeneous histopathological features, in which highly vascularized areas with dense cellularity alternate with fibrotic and pseudocapsule-like tissue structures. Although macrophage/monocyte activation is a prominent event in the periprosthetic environment, fibroblasts also phagocytose particulate wear debris both in vivo and in vitro. Particulate wear debris and/or cytokines/growth factors alone or in combination (e.g., in conditioned media of explant cultures of IFMs) stimulated normal synovial and IFM fibroblasts to express inflammatory mediators and growth factors such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, three isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte/macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), cycloxygenases (Cox-1 and Cox-2), acid- and basic-fibroblast growth factors (FGF-1 and FGF-2), leukemia inhibitory factor-1 (LIF-1), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Thus, the fibroblast is capable of expressing a wide array of angiogenic and osteoclastogenic factors which are involved in the detrimental processes of the periprosthetic osteolysis.
Acetylation of Checkpoint suppressor 1 enhances its stability and promotes the progression of triple-negative breast cancer (2022)

Checkpoint suppressor 1 (CHES1), a transcriptional regulator, had been dysregulated in many types of malignancies including breast cancer, and its expression level is strongly associated with progression and prognosis of patients. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of CHES1 expression in the breast cancer and the effects of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on its functional performance remain to be fully investigated. Herein, we found that CHES1 had a high abundance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its expression was tightly associated with malignant phenotype and poor outcomes of patients. Furthermore, we confirmed that CHES1 was an acetylated protein and its dynamic modification was mediated by p300 and HDAC1, and CHES1 acetylation enhanced its stability via decreasing its ubiquitination and degradation, which resulted in the high abundance of CHES1 in TNBC. RNA-seq and functional study revealed that CHES1 facilitated the activation of oncogenic genes and pathways leading to proliferation and metastasis of TNBC. Taken together, this research established a novel regulatory role of acetylation on the stability and activity of CHES1. The results demonstrate the significance of CHES1 acetylation and underlying mechanisms in the progression of TNBC, offering new potential candidate for molecular-targeted therapy in breast cancer.
Power density investigations for the large wind turbines' grid-side press-pack IGBT 3L-NPC-VSCs (2012)

Power density is the important design criterion in wind turbine converter design provided that satisfactory converter performance is guaranteed. In order to assess a converter in terms of power density, which is dependent on converter electrical and thermal behaviors, converter electro-thermal models are required to be derived, implemented, and utilized. In this study, employed as a grid-side medium voltage full-scale voltage source converters (VSCs) in a multi-MW wind turbine, press-pack IGBT three-level neutral-point-clamped VSC (3L-NPC-VSC), 3L active NPC-VSC (3L-ANPC-VSC), and 3L neutral-point-piloted VSC (3L-NPP-VSC) are characterized in terms of converter operating principles, physical structure, power loss, and DC bus capacitor size for establishing the basis for converter electro-thermal modeling. Via the practical implementations of the converter electro-thermal models in a computation platform (e.g. MATLAB), these VSCs are investigated with respect to power capability and DC bus capacitor size. Based on these investigations, the VSCs' power densities are quantified and compared. It is shown that the converter power density can be improved by 13% for 3L-ANPC-VSC and by 22% for 3L-NPP-VSC compared to 3L-NPC-VSC under the given conditions for this study.
Noncentrosymmetric Packings Influenced by Electronic Properties of Products of Click Reactions (2014)

Though 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole rings have been utilized as electronic bridges in the solution phase, the use of a triazole ring to serve as an electronic bridge of small molecules in the crystalline state has been underdeveloped. Here two compounds with a central 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole ring are synthesized to investigate the electronic bridging between terminal stilbazole and pyridine groups in the crystalline phase. The electronic properties of the molecules are characterized through solution phase UV-vis spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffractions, and density-of-state and gas-phase DFT calculations. We show that the electronic bridging behavior of a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole ring derived from a click reaction is maintained in the solid state by rare head-to-head (hh) packing in noncentrosymmetric crystal environments.
Crosstalk and lateral conduction effects in continuous-sensor amorphous silicon imagers (2001)

Studies are reported of the image-blur effects caused by lateral crosstalk between neighboring pixels of large-area amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) image sensors. Data are obtained from high fill factor sensor arrays using 512×512 pixels of 75 μm size and a pixel gap of 10 μm. Measurements of the line-spread function determine the charge transfer from the illuminated pixel to neighboring ones along both array orientations, and for different samples and operating conditions. The lateral conduction is attributed to three effects: conduction along the interface between the a-Si:H film and the underlying passivation; field-dependent electron injection at the edge of the sensor; and field enhancement of the interface conduction due to the bias applied to the address lines. We show that the crosstalk can be controlled by the choice of operating conditions and optimization of the materials.
Audio Signal Processing in the 21st Century: The important outcomes of the past 25 years (2023)

Audio signal processing has passed many landmarks in its development as a research topic. Many are well known, such as the development of the phonograph in the second half of the 19th century and technology associated with digital telephony that burgeoned in the late 20th century and is still a hot topic in multiple guises. Interestingly, the development of audio technology has been fueled not only by advancements in the capabilities of technology but also by high consumer expectations and customer engagement. From surround sound movie theaters to the latest in-ear devices, people love sound and soon build new audio technology into their daily lives as an essential and expected feature.
Synthesis and preliminary pharmacology* of the rigid dehydroxylated etorphine analogue 4,5α‐epoxy‐α,α,17‐trimethyl‐6α,14α‐etheno‐isomorphinan‐7α‐methanol (chemistry of opium alkaloids, part XXVI**) (1988)

Abstract The synthesis of 4, 5α‐epoxy‐α, α, 17‐trimethyl‐6α, 14α‐ethenoisomorphinan‐7α‐methanol (6) via hydrogenolysis of the corresponding 3‐(1‐phenyltetrazol‐5‐yl) ether (5) is described. The etheno bridge was retained under the conditions used. Preliminary pharmacology of the title compound showed strong analgesic potency.
The Design and Deployment of a Wearable Vibrotactile Feedback System (2004)

We present work on the development and deployment of a wearable system for displaying vibrotactile stimuli at multiple locations on a person. This system is targeted as a general-purpose controller, with the flexibility to support many types of output devices, such as pager motors, muffin fans, and solenoids. We describe the deployment of one configuration of our system for use in the military, and discuss design changes we made that resulted from this deployment. Our major design goals include physical robustness, light weight, low power, and wireless communication. Once these goals are attained, we will explore the size of the "vocabulary" of cues that can be unambiguously identified by the wearer.
Mechanisms for the Estimation of Prediction Intervals in Vehicular Communication Scenarios (2022)

Advanced vehicular applications are foreseen to rely on wireless connectivity. By predicting wireless network performance, application adaptations can be done a priori to ensure robust and efficient operations. However, determining accurate predictions of network performance or factors affecting it is challenging in highly dynamic vehicular environments. In this paper, we address the problem of determining prediction intervals for future observations. Specifically, prediction intervals are determined for wireless link quality between two vehicles that communicate directly with each other. Evaluations based on real-world vehicle-to-vehicle dataset show that the proposed mechanism is able to determine prediction intervals with the desired confidence level in dynamic scenarios. Furthermore, the mechanism is capable of identifying the intervals that are unreliable with respect to coverage requirements.
meso‐Dibenzoporphycene has a Large Bathochromic Shift and a Porphycene Framework with an UnusualcisTautomeric Form (2015)

Abstract meso ‐Monobenzoporphycene (mMBPc) and meso ‐dibenzoporphycene (mDBPc), in which one or two benzene moieties are fused at ethylene‐bridged positions ( meso ‐positions) of porphycene, were prepared in an effort to further delocalize the π‐electrons within the porphycene molecule. mMBPc and mDBPc were fully characterized by mass spectrometry, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography. The longest‐wavelength Q‐bands of mMBPc and mDBPc are red‐shifted by 92 nm and 418 nm, respectively, compared to that of the unsubstituted porphycene (Pc). Electrochemical measurements indicate that the HOMO is destabilized and the LUMO is stabilized by the fused benzene moieties at the meso positions. Furthermore, both XPS and theoretical studies support the presence of a cis tautomeric form in the ground state of mDBPc, despite the fact that essentially all known porphycene derivatives adopt the trans tautomeric form.
Multi‐component immunoaffinity subtraction chromatography: An innovative step towards a comprehensive survey of the human plasma proteome (2003)

In order to discover novel protein markers indicative of disease processes or drug effects, the proteomics technology platform most commonly used consists of high resolution protein separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), mass spectrometric identification of proteins from stained gel spots and a bioinformatic data analysis process supported by statistics. This approach has been more successful in profiling proteins and their disease- or treatment-related quantitative changes in tissue homogenates than in plasma samples. Plasma protein display and quantitation suffer from several disadvantages: very high abundance of a few proteins; high heterogeneity of many proteins resulting in long charge trains; crowding of 2-DE separated protein spots in the molecular mass range between 45-80 kD and in the isoelectric point range between 4.5 and 6. Therefore, proteomic technologies are needed that address these problems and particularly allow accurate quantitation of a larger number of less abundant proteins in plasma and other body fluids. The immunoaffinity-based protein subtraction chromatography (IASC) described here removes multiple proteins present in plasma and serum in high concentrations effectively and reproducibly. Applying IASC as an upfront plasma sample preparation process for 2-DE, the protein spot pattern observed in gels changes dramatically and at least 350 additional lower abundance proteins are visualized. Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) are the immunoaffinity reagents used to specifically remove the abundant proteins such as albumin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, transferrin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, hemopexin, transthyretin, alpha-2-HS glycoprotein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-2-macroglobulin and fibrinogen from human plasma samples. To render the immunoaffinity subtraction procedure recyclable, the pAbs are immobilized and cross-linked on chromatographic matrices. Antibody-coupled matrices specific for one protein each can be pooled to form mixed-bed IASC columns. We show that up to ten affinity-bound plasma proteins with similar solubility characteristics are eluted from a mixed-bed column in one step. This facilitates automated chromatographic processing of plasma samples in high throughput, which is desirable in proteomic disease marker discovery projects.
EGFR TKI resistance in lung cancer cells using RNA sequencing and analytical bioinformatics tools (2022)

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling and EGFR mutations play key roles in cancer pathogenesis, particularly in the development of drug resistance. For the ∼20% of all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that harbor an activating mutation, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide initial clinical responses. However, long-term efficacy is not possible due to acquired drug resistance. Despite a gradually increasing knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning the development of resistance in tumors, there has been very little success in overcoming it and it is probable that many additional mechanisms are still unknown. Herein, publicly available RNASeq (RNA sequencing) datasets comparing lung cancer cell lines treated with EGFR TKIs until resistance developed with their corresponding parental cells and protein array data from our own EGFR TKI treated xenograft tumors, were analyzed for differential gene expression, with the intent to investigate the potential mechanisms of drug resistance to EGFR TKIs. Pathway analysis, as well as structural disorder analysis of proteins in these pathways, revealed several key proteins, including DUSP1, DUSP6, GAB2, and FOS, that could be targeted using novel combination therapies to overcome EGFR TKI resistance in lung cancer.
Analysis of trace neptunium in the vicinity of underground nuclear tests at the Nevada National Security Site (2014)

A high sensitivity analytical method for (237)Np analysis was developed and applied to groundwater samples from the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) using short-lived (239)Np as a yield tracer and HR magnetic sector ICP-MS. The (237)Np concentrations in the vicinity of the Almendro, Cambric, Dalhart, Cheshire, and Chancellor underground nuclear test locations range from <4 × 10(-4) to 2.6 mBq/L (6 × 10(-17)-4.2 × 10(-13) mol/L). All measured (237)Np concentrations are well below the drinking water maximum contaminant level for alpha emitters identified by the U.S. EPA (560 mBq/L). Nevertheless, (237)Np remains an important indicator for radionuclide transport rates at the NNSS. Retardation factor ratios were used to compare the mobility of (237)Np to that of other radionuclides. The results suggest that (237)Np is less mobile than tritium and other non-sorbing radionuclides ((14)C, (36)Cl, (99)Tc and (129)I) as expected. Surprisingly, (237)Np and plutonium ((239,240)Pu) retardation factors are very similar. It is possible that Np(IV) exists under mildly reducing groundwater conditions and exhibits a retardation behavior that is comparable to Pu(IV). Independent of the underlying process, (237)Np is migrating downgradient from NNSS underground nuclear tests at very low but measureable concentrations.
Introducing the MAVEN Leadership Training Initiative to diversify the scientific workforce (2021)

Addressing gender and racial-ethnic disparities at all career stages is a priority for the research community. In this article, we focus on efforts to encourage mid-career women, particularly women of color, to move into leadership positions in science and science policy. We highlight the need to strengthen leadership skills for the critical period immediately following promotion to associate/tenured professor - when formal career development efforts taper off while institutional demands escalate - and describe a program called MAVEN that has been designed to teach leadership skills to mid-career women scientists, particularly those from underrepresented groups.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Chemogenetic Evaluation of the Mitotic Kinesin CENP-E Reveals a Critical Role in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 274K, Inducible CENP-E shRNA analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
A cross-sectional study of the endorsement proportion of reporting guidelines in 1039 Chinese medical journals (2023)

Our results showed that the implementation of reporting guidelines was low. We suggest the following initiatives including i) enhancing the level of journal endorsement for reporting guidelines; ii) strengthening the collaboration among authors, reviewers, editors, and other stakeholders; iii) providing training courses for stakeholders; iv) establishing bases for reporting guidelines network in China; v) adopting the endorsement of reporting guidelines in the policies of the China Periodicals Association (CPA); vi) promoting Chinese medical journals into the international evaluation system and publish in English.
Molecular Approaches to the Treatment, Prophylaxis, and Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Novel PET/SPECT Imaging Probes for Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the brain associated with irreversible cognitive decline, memory impairment, and behavioral changes. Postmortem brains of AD patients reveal neuropathologic features, in particular the presence of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which contain β-amyloid peptides and highly phosphorylated tau proteins. Currently, AD can only be definitively confirmed by postmortem histopathologic examination of SPs and NFTs in the brain. Therefore, SPs and NFTs in the brain may be useful as biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of AD; the detection of individual SPs and NFTs in vivo by positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) should improve diagnosis and also accelerate discovery of effective therapeutic agents for AD. Many PET/SPECT imaging probes for SPs have already been developed. Several of the PET probes have been shown in clinical trials to be useful for the imaging of β-amyloid plaques in living brain tissue. More recently, the development of PET/SPECT probes for in vivo imaging of NFTs is an active area of study in the field of molecular imaging because the appearance of NFT pathology correlates well with clinical severity of dementia. We will review current research on the development of PET/SPECT imaging probes for in vivo detection of SPs and NFTs and their application to diagnosis and therapy of AD.
Influence of Hypo and Hyperthermia on Disposition of Morphine (1988)

Using morphine as a prototype opiate anesthetic, the dispositional changes and cardiovascular effects during hypothermia (30 degrees C) and hyperthermia (40 degrees C) in dogs under isoflurane anesthesia was assessed. Single intravenous bolus injection of 1 mg/kg morphine resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in mean arterial pressure in hypothermic, but not in hyperthermic or normothermic (37 degrees C) conditions. Hypothermic dogs showed significantly higher levels of morphine both in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, hyperthermia did not affect these levels. Body temperature did not affect the t1/2 alpha, however t1/2 beta and mean residence time were significantly increased while volume of distribution at steady state and total body clearance were decreased during hypothermia. The results provide evidence that hypothermia is likely to be associated with a sustained increase in opiate levels and might be associated with a enhanced side effects. The results suggests the need for a controlled clinical trial to assess the dose of opiate anesthetics during hypothermia.
Invited talk: 3D chip stacking (2014)

Summary form only given. 3D chip stacking refers to a vertical stack of chips in which individual chips can communicate with each other through electrical connections. 3D chip stacking has the ability to enhance chip performance by increasing bandwidth, reducing wire delay, and enabling better power management. In true 3D chip stacking, all chips except possibly the topmost chip, contain TSVs (Through Substrate/Silicon Vias). TSVs can be introduced into the silicon CMOS transistor fabrication at a number of points in the manufacturing sequence. Key considerations to determine the optimal introduction point include diameter of the TSV, insulating and conducting materials used in the TSV, and the technology node. TSV fabrication considerations include via etching, insulation, metallization, annealing and capping. The final structure also needs to be evaluated for thermo-mechanical integrity and reliability. Additionally, one must also consider the impact of TSVs on devices. There are different approaches to achieving 3D chip stacking, including die to die stacking, die to wafer stacking, and wafer to wafer stacking. In this talk, we will review various aspects of 3D technology, including fabrication of TSVs, and the performance and reliability of structures with TSVs. We will also review current literature to understand the unique advantages and challenges of 3D chip stacking.
Full Poincaré polarimetry enabled through physical inference (2021)

While polarisation sensing is vital in many areas of research, with applications spanning from microscopy to aerospace, traditional approaches are limited by method-related error amplification or accumulation, placing fundamental limitations on precision and accuracy in single-shot polarimetry. Here, we put forward a new measurement paradigm to circumvent this, introducing the notion of a universal full Poincaré generator to map all polarisation analyser states into a single vectorially structured light field, allowing all vector components to be analysed in a single-shot with theoretically user-defined precision. To demonstrate the advantage of our approach, we use a common GRIN optic as our mapping device and show mean errors of &lt;1% for each vector component, enhancing the sensitivity by around three times, allowing us to sense weak polarisation aberrations not measurable by traditional single-shot techniques. Our work paves the way for next-generation polarimetry, impacting a wide variety of applications relying on weak vector measurement.