gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel mechanism of inhibition of rat kidney-type glutaminase by bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) (2007)

The release of GA (mitochondrial glutaminase) from neurons following acute ischaemia or during chronic neurodegenerative diseases may contribute to the propagation of glutamate excitotoxicity. Thus an inhibitor that selectively inactivates the released GA may limit the accumulation of excess glutamate and minimize the loss of neurological function that accompanies brain injury. The present study examines the mechanism of inactivation of rat KGA (kidney GA isoform) by the small-molecule inhibitor BPTES [bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide]. BPTES is a potent inhibitor of KGA, but not of the liver GA isoform, glutamate dehydrogenase or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Kinetic studies indicate that, with respect to glutamine, BPTES has a K(i) of approx. 3 microM. Moreover, these studies suggest that BPTES inhibits the allosteric activation caused by phosphate binding and promotes the formation of an inactive complex. Gel-filtration chromatography and sedimentation-velocity analysis were used to examine the effect of BPTES on the phosphate-dependent oligomerization of KGA. This established that BPTES prevents the formation of large phosphate-induced oligomers and instead promotes the formation of a single oligomeric species with distinct physical properties. Sedimentation-equilibrium studies determined that the oligomer produced by BPTES is a stable tetramer. Taken together, the present work indicates that BPTES is a unique and potent inhibitor of rat KGA and elucidates a novel mechanism of inactivation.
In-Situ Measurement of Supply-Noise Maps with Millivolt Accuracy and Nanosecond-Order Time Resolution (2006)

An in-situ measurement scheme for supply-noise maps under running applications in product-level LSIs was developed. This scheme was used to successfully measure 69-mV local supply noise with 5-ns time resolution in a 3G cellular phone processor. It will thus help in designing power-supply networks and visibly verifying the quality of a power supply
Identification of a gene at 11q23 encoding a guanine nucleotide exchange factor: Evidence for its fusion with MLL in acute myeloid leukemia (2000)

We have identified a gene at 11q23, telomeric to MLL, that encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). This gene is transcribed into a 9.5-kb mRNA containing a 4.6-kb ORF. By Northern analysis, it was found to be expressed in all human tissues examined including peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon, and minimally in thymus. Analysis of the predicted protein sequence indicates that it has strong homology to several members of the family of Rho GEFs that includes such oncogenes as Dbl, Vav, Tiam, and Bcr. A patient with primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and a karyotype of 51,XY,+8,+19,+3mar was found to have the 5' end of MLL at exon 6 fused in-frame with the 3' end of almost the entire ORF of this gene, which we named LARG for leukemia-associated Rho GEF. Transcriptional orientation of both genes at 11q23 is from centromere to telomere, consistent with other data that suggest the MLL-LARG fusion resulted from an interstitial deletion rather than a balanced translocation. LARG does not appear to have any homology with other MLL partner genes reported thus far. Thus, LARG represents an additional member of the GEF family and a novel MLL fusion partner in acute myeloid leukemia.
Mitochondrial A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 121 Binds Type II Protein Kinase A and Enhances Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein-Mediated Steroidogenesis in MA-10 Mouse Leydig Tumor Cells1 (2007)

The expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) is regulated by PKA in response to trophic hormone stimulation through the second messenger cAMP. However, in steroidogenic cells, the concentrations of hormone necessary to maximally induce cAMP synthesis and PKA activity are often significantly higher than is necessary to achieve maximum steroidogenesis. One general mechanism believed to make PKA signaling more effective is the use of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) to recruit PKA to discrete subcellular compartments, which coordinates and focuses PKA action with respect to its substrates. The characterization of AKAP121 has suggested that it enhances the posttranscriptional regulation of STAR by recruiting both Star mRNA and PKA to the mitochondria, thereby permitting more effective translation and phosphorylation of STAR. Testing this hypothesis revealed that cAMP-induced STAR expression and steroidogenesis closely followed AKAP121 abundance when this AKAP was silenced or overexpressed in MA-10 cells but that these changes were effected posttranscriptionally. Moreover, silencing AKAP121 expression in these cells specifically altered the localization of type II PKA regulatory subunit alpha (PKAR2A) at the mitochondria but did not affect its relative expression within the cell. Affinity purification experiments showed that PKAR2A preferentially associated with AKAP121, and cAMP analogs that activate type II PKA induced STAR phosphorylation more efficiently than analogs stimulating type I PKA. This suggests that AKAP121 and PKAR2A serve to enhance steroidogenesis by directing the synthesis and activation of STAR at the mitochondria in response to cAMP.
Iron-core superconducting magnet design and test results for Maglev application (1995)

Design and test results are presented for a superconducting electromagnet for levitating and propelling Maglev vehicles at high velocities. A U-shaped iron core carries a superconducting magnet around its back leg and a normal control coil around each leg of the U-core. The open side of the U-core is bridged by an iron rail through a large airgap between the poles of the U-core and the iron rail. The superconducting magnet is nominally designed to operate in a steady-state DC mode with current variations limited to rates less than 1 Hz. Faster flux variations due to gap changes are accommodated by current changes in the normal control coils. A feedback controller using the airgap and acceleration inputs controls current variations in the superconducting coil. Grumman has designed, fabricated and tested such an electromagnet. This test magnet is 2/3 of the full-size magnet that Grumman specified in their 1992 Concept Definition Study for the National Maglev Initiative. The purpose of these tests is to demonstrate the feasibility of operating and controlling a superconducting electromagnet in the specified environment. This paper discusses static magnet levitation characteristics as functions of airgap length and superconducting magnet excitation. Good correlation is observed between the calculated and measured performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Enhanced Built-off-Test Transceiver with Wide-range, Self-calibration Engine for 3.2 Gb/s/pin DDR4 SDRAM (2018)

This paper presents a wide-frequency-range, self-calibrating, built-off-test (BOT) transceiver for a DDR4 SDRAM interface. The proposed BOT transceiver consists of a data transceiver, a phase-locked loop, a delay-locked loop, a self-timing calibration (STC) circuit with a 90-degree phase shifter, and a self-voltage calibration (SVC) circuit. In particular, with both the STC and SVC circuits, data channel skew is effectively compensated, and the voltage margin can be maximized while the DDR4 SDRAM is communicating with the test equipment. The BOT transceiver is realized in 20-nm DRAM CMOS technology. Using the fabricated BOT transceiver, we have successfully demonstrated 3.2-Gb/s/pin testing for DDR4 SDRAM with a 1.0-V supply voltage.
Reciprocal expression of co‐stimulatory molecules, B7‐1 and B7‐2, on murine T cells following activation (1995)

The co-stimulatory B7 molecules (B7-1 and B7-2) are expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells in mice. In this study, we demonstrate that B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) are also expressed on murine T cells in the absence of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. The temporal expression of these two molecules on T cells varies with the state of activation where resting T cells express B7-2 but show little or no expression of B7-1. Following activation, B7-2 expression is down-regulated and there is a concomitant increase in the expression of B7-1 on the cell surface which peaks at about 72 h. Thus these two co-stimulatory molecules are reciprocally expressed on the T cell surface. This pattern of expression of B7-1 and B7-2 on T cells suggests that these two molecules may have different roles in the generation and regulation of immune responses.
Tissue Engineering (2006)

Abstract Tissue engineering is a rapidly emerging field that combines elements of biology, chemistry, engineering, and clinical medicine in order to develop a means of repairing or regenerating damaged organs and tissues. Tissue engineering strategies entail various combinations of cells, biomaterials, and bioactive molecules. This article provides an overview of the field of tissue engineering, including its principles, history, strategies, tools, and challenges.
Citrus unshiu peel suppress the metastatic potential of murine melanoma B16F10 cells in vitro and in vivo (2019)

The peel of Citrus unshiu Marcow. fruits (CU) has long been used as a traditional medicine that has therapeutic effects against pathogenic diseases, including asthma, vomiting, dyspepsia, blood circulation disorders, and various types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of CU peel on metastatic melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, in B16F10 melanoma cells, and in B16F10 cells inoculated-C57BL/6 mice. Our results show that ethanol extracts of CU (EECU) inhibited cell growth and increased the apoptotic cells in B16F10 cells. EECU also stimulated the induction of mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway, with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, EECU suppressed the migration, invasion, and colony formation of B16F10 cells. In addition, the oral administration of EECU reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase activity without weight loss, hepatotoxicity, nor nephrotoxicity in B16F10 cell-inoculated mice. Moreover, EECU markedly suppressed lung hypertrophy, the number and expression of metastatic tumor nodules, and the expression of inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lung tissue. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of EECU on the metastasis of melanoma indicates that it may be regarded as a potential therapeutic herbal drug for melanoma.
V/L Effect on Vapor Pressure Measurement of Full Boiling Range Fuels Using the Two-Part Injection Method (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The internally programmed two-injection method for determining the dissolved air correction in the CCA-VP laboratory vapor pressure instrument (Grabner Instruments), while adequate for pure, single component liquids, can be in error for full boiling range automotive fuels. For these fuels, errors of up to 10 kPa (1.5 psi) in vapor pressure at 38°C (100°F) can occur due to the increase in vapor pressure between the first and second injection caused by decreasing vapor liquid ratio (V/L); this increase is interpreted by the instrument as additional dissolved air and results in overcorrection for this effect. A method is demonstrated for removing the V/L effect using two TV/L values for the subject fuel, either calculated or measured independently. The true air correction determined in this way is similar to values obtained for single component fuels and to values calculated directly from air solubility data. It is emphasized that RVPE measurements (Reid Vapor Pressure Equivalent), obtained by the instrument (and other mini-method devices) are not affected by this correction since the air contribution is accounted for by an empirical correlation equation.&lt;/div&gt;
The Flat Target Transformation (2008)

This paper describes a practical method to calibrate the microwave imaging radiometer with aperture synthesis (MIRAS) in orbit using external targets. Together with the in-orbit validation of the antenna patterns, the method ensures the generation of valid and calibrated visibilities from raw measurements with minimum impact from instrument errors, particularly antenna errors. It has been possible to devise this strategy only after the derivation of the Corbella equation, which correctly describes how MIRAS works. The proposed in-orbit calibration and validation approach is fully based on this equation. In a markedly different way to the point target response method used to calibrate other imaging systems, the technique put forward is essentially based on measuring a ldquoflatrdquo target such as the cold sky near the Galactic poles. This is why it has been called the ldquoflat target transformationrdquo.
Salvador Protein Is a Tumor Suppressor Effector of RASSF1A with Hippo Pathway-independent Functions (2011)

The RASSF1A tumor suppressor binds and activates proapoptotic MST kinases. The Salvador adaptor protein couples MST kinases to the LATS kinases to form the hippo pathway. Upon activation by RASSF1A, LATS1 phosphorylates the transcriptional regulator YAP, which binds to p73 and activates its proapoptotic effects. However, although serving as an adaptor for MST and LATS, Salvador can also bind RASSF1A. The functional role of the RASSF1A/Salvador interaction is unclear. Although Salvador is a novel tumor suppressor in Drosophila and mice, its role in human systems remains largely unknown. Here we show that Salvador promotes apoptosis in human cells and that Salvador inactivation deregulates the cell cycle and enhances the transformed phenotype. Moreover, we show that although the salvador gene is seldom mutated or epigenetically inactivated in human cancers, it is frequently down-regulated posttranscriptionally. Surprisingly, we also find that although RASSF1A requires the presence of Salvador for full apoptotic activity and to activate p73, this effect does not require a direct interaction of RASSF1A with MST kinases or the activation of the hippo pathway. Thus, we confirm a role for Salvador as a human tumor suppressor and RASSF1A effector and show that Salvador allows RASSF1A to modulate p73 independently of the hippo pathway.
Radiolabeled neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: synthesis, in vivo evaluation, and primate PET studies. (2000)

Rodent studies for [11C]AR-R 17443 and [11C]AR-R 18512 showed little evidence of specific NOS-I binding. In baboons, we detected a higher uptake of [11C]AR-R 18512 in the cerebellum than in the cortex (approximately 5%, accounting for decreased rCBF because of blockade), indicating minimal specific binding. Analogs of higher affinity are likely required if this class of agents is to prove viable for PET.
Signal restoration using efficient constrained least squares techniques (1996)

Click on the DOI link to access this article at the publisher's website(may not be free)
The Role of Tip Leakage Vortex Breakdown in Flow Fields and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Transonic Centrifugal Compressor Impellers (2011)

This paper describes the experimental and numerical investigations on unsteady three-dimensional flow fields in two types of transonic centrifugal compressor impellers with different aerodynamic characteristics. In the experimental results, the frequency spectra of the pressure fluctuations, which were measured with the high-response pressure transducers mounted on the casing wall just upstream of the impeller, turned out to be quite different between the compressor impellers at stall condition. The simulation results also showed different stall pattern for each compressor impeller. In the compressor impeller with a better performance at off-design condition, the stall cell was never formed despite decreasing flow rate and instead all the passages were covered with a reverse flow near the tip, where the vortex breakdown happened in the tip leakage vortex of full blade and led to the unsteadiness in the impeller. The vortex breakdown happened in all the passages prior to the stall and generated a blockage near the tip. This means that even with the advent of rotating stall the flow could not return to a normal undistorted condition in unstalled region, because all the passages are already occupied by the blockage due to the vortex breakdown. As a result, the rotating stall cell could not appear in the impeller. In the other compressor impeller, the rotating stall cell was formed at stall inception without the vortex breakdown in the tip leakage vortex of full blade, and developed with decreased flow rate.
PEM-Brennstoffzellensysteme - heute und morgen / PEM-Fuel Cell Systems - today and tomorrow (2003)

Eine nachhaltige Mobilitaet erfordert die Synchronisation von weiterentwickelten Kraftstoffen und Antriebstechnologien. Im Hinblick auf einen Brennstoffzelleneinsatz ist aktuell insbesondere der Wasserstoff im Blickpunkt des Entwicklungsinteresses. Verbrennungsmotorische Hybride stehen dabei als evolutionaerer Zwischenschritt zwischen Verbrennungsmotor und Brennstoffzellenantrieb. Die Weiterentwicklung der MEA-Technologien (weniger Befeuchtung bei hoeheren Temperaturen) von Brennstoffzellensystemen wird zu einer deutlichen Systemvereinfachung fuehren. Der Wirkungsgrad wird infolge verbesserter Ladertechnologie insbesondere im Teillastbetrieb deutlich verbessert werden koennen. Im Hinblick auf die Reichweite von Wasserstofffahrzeugen ist dies ein wichtiger Baustein. Zukuenftige Herausforderungen sind insbesondere die Steigerung der Zuverlaessigkeit und Lebensdauer, die Systemvereinfachung (Reduzierung des Systemvolumens und der Systemmasse), die Verbesserung der Freezability und des optimierten Kaltstartes, die Erhoehung der Betriebstemperaturen ueber 80 Grad Celsius und die Reduzierung der Systemkosten (insbesondere Stackkosten). (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: A sustainable mobility requests the syncronisation between improved fuels and power train technologies. Actual fuel cell systems based on hydrogen are in the focus of the development effort. ICE hybrids are the evolutionary step between ICEs and the fuel cell powertrain. Improved MEA-technologies (less humidification at higher temperatures) of fuel cell systems will lead to a simplification. The efficiency, especially in the partial load, will be improved by improved charger technologies, an important element for the range of fuel cell vehicles based on hydrogen. Future challenges are mainly the improved robustness and lifetime, the system simplification (reduction of system volume and system mass), the improvement of freezabilty and of an optimized cold start behavior, the increasement of operation temperatures higher than 80 degree C and the reduction of system costs (mainly stack cost). (A)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Proteins, Proteostasis, Prions, and Promises (2020)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons that innervate muscle, resulting in gradual paralysis and culminating in the inability to breathe or swallow. This neuronal degeneration occurs in a spatiotemporal manner from a point of onset in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting that there is a molecule that spreads from cell-to-cell. There is strong evidence that the onset and progression of ALS pathology is a consequence of protein misfolding and aggregation. In line with this, a hallmark pathology of ALS is protein deposition and inclusion formation within motor neurons and surrounding glia of the proteins TAR DNA-binding protein 43, superoxide dismutase-1, or fused in sarcoma. Collectively, the observed protein aggregation, in conjunction with the spatiotemporal spread of symptoms, strongly suggests a prion-like propagation of protein aggregation occurs in ALS. In this review, we discuss the role of protein aggregation in ALS concerning protein homeostasis (proteostasis) mechanisms and prion-like propagation. Furthermore, we examine the experimental models used to investigate these processes, including <i>in vitro</i> assays, cultured cells, invertebrate models, and murine models. Finally, we evaluate the therapeutics that may best prevent the onset or spread of pathology in ALS and discuss what lies on the horizon for treating this currently incurable disease.
4.7 µm-emitting leaky-wave-coupled quantum cascade laser phase-locked array (2016)

Phase-locking, via leaky-wave coupling, of five 4.7 µm-emitting quantum cascade lasers is demonstrated for coherent-power scaling. Non-resonant devices fabricated by two-step MOCVD operate in a mixture of in-phase and out-of-phase modes to 3.85 W peak pulsed output power. Design analysis shows pure in-phase-mode operation under resonant-coupling occurs for optimized devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Fluoro‐Tribactam Utilizing N‐Fluorosulfonimide in the Key Step. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Apollo: Transferable Architecture Exploration (2021)

The looming end of Moore's Law and ascending use of deep learning drives the design of custom accelerators that are optimized for specific neural architectures. Architecture exploration for such accelerators forms a challenging constrained optimization problem over a complex, high-dimensional, and structured input space with a costly to evaluate objective function. Existing approaches for accelerator design are sample-inefficient and do not transfer knowledge between related optimizations tasks with different design constraints, such as area and/or latency budget, or neural architecture configurations. In this work, we propose a transferable architecture exploration framework, dubbed Apollo, that leverages recent advances in black-box function optimization for sample-efficient accelerator design. We use this framework to optimize accelerator configurations of a diverse set of neural architectures with alternative design constraints. We show that our framework finds high reward design configurations (up to 24.6% speedup) more sample-efficiently than a baseline black-box optimization approach. We further show that by transferring knowledge between target architectures with different design constraints, Apollo is able to find optimal configurations faster and often with better objective value (up to 25% improvements). This encouraging outcome portrays a promising path forward to facilitate generating higher quality accelerators.
Programmable Gain Equalizer for Multi-Core Fiber Amplifiers (2014)

We demonstrate a programmable gain equalizer for 7-core fiber that can independently equalize spectra or block wavelengths in each core across the C-band. It is spliced directly to a side-pumped multi-core amplifying fiber.
Optical Frequency Comb Spectroscopy at 3.3 and 5.2 µm by a Tm:fiber-Laser-Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillator (2016)

International audience