gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Nanorobotic System for In Situ Stiffness Measurements on Membranes (2013)

In order to characterize the mechanical behavior of fragile resonant microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)/nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), nondestructive measurements are required. In this paper, a cartography of local stiffness variations on a suspended micromembrane is established for the first time, by a tuning-fork-based dynamic force sensor inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experiments are conducted individually on a batch of InP membranes 200 nm thin, using a 9-degree-of-freedom (dof) nanomanipulation system, complemented with virtual reality and automation tools. Results provide stiffness values in the range of a few newton per meter, with variations in a single sample depending on the membrane models.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Synthesis of 4‐Substituted 1(2H)‐Isoquinolinones via Electrophilic Trapping of Lithiated Mono‐ and Dianion Precursors. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A double-blind randomized-phase II trial comparing immunization with antiidiotype goat antibody vaccine SCV 106 versus unspecific goat antibodies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. (1999)

This article reports on the first double-blind randomized clinical study with an antiidiotype antibody vaccine in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. The study was performed to determine immunological parameters, efficacy, and tolerability of the vaccine. Forty-two patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to multiple immunizations with goat IgG antiidiotype vaccine SCV 106 (n = 21) or unspecific goat IgG as controls (n = 21). The antiidiotype vaccine mimicked the 17-1A glycoprotein antigen associated with colorectal cancer. Of the 42 patients entered, 39 were evaluable for efficacy (SCV 106, n = 18; controls, n = 21). Twenty-nine patients raised antibodies to the vaccines (immunological responders, SCV 106, n = 12; controls, n = 17). Only in the SCV 106 group was a significant increase (p = 0.002) of titers with specificity of antitumor antibody 17-1A found. According to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) criteria no tumor response was observed. However, in the SCV 106 group the relative increase of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels between entry and observed disease progression was lower (p = 0.03) and disease progression was determined less frequently by development of new metastases (p = 0.001). On an intention-to-treat basis, the survival time difference between the two groups was not significant. Comparison of immunological responders in both groups revealed a significant survival advantage of the SCV 106-treated patients compared with controls (mean 67 versus 39 weeks; p = 0.01). Immunizations were well tolerated. Vaccination of immunologically responding metastatic colorectal carcinoma patients with SCV 106 leads to slowed disease progression and tumor dissemination and significantly prolongs survival time.
A Framework to Explore Workload-Specific Performance and Lifetime Trade-offs in Neuromorphic Computing (2019)

Neuromorphic hardware with non-volatile memory (NVM) can implement machine learning workload in an energy-efficient manner. Unfortunately, certain NVMs such as phase change memory (PCM) require high voltages for correct operation. These voltages are supplied from an on-chip charge pump. If the charge pump is activated too frequently, its internal CMOS devices do not recover from stress, accelerating their aging and leading to negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) generated defects. Forcefully discharging the stressed charge pump can lower the aging rate of its CMOS devices, but makes the neuromorphic hardware unavailable to perform computations while its charge pump is being discharged. This negatively impacts performance such as latency and accuracy of the machine learning workload being executed. In this letter, we propose a novel framework to exploit workload-specific performance and lifetime trade-offs in neuromorphic computing. Our framework first extracts the precise times at which a charge pump in the hardware is activated to support neural computations within a workload. This timing information is then used with a characterized NBTI reliability model to estimate the charge pump's aging during the workload execution. We use our framework to evaluate workload-specific performance and reliability impacts of using 1) different SNN mapping strategies and 2) different charge pump discharge strategies. We show that our framework can be used by system designers to explore performance and reliability trade-offs early in the design of neuromorphic hardware such that appropriate reliability-oriented design margins can be set.
SOSYAL HİZMET ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MERHAMET DÜZEYLERİ (2021)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal hizmet bölümü öğrencilerinin merhamet düzeylerini bazı değişkenlere göre incelemektir. Böylece sosyal hizmetin temel kavramlarından biri olan merhametin bu alanda okuyan öğrenciler açısından nasıl değerlendirildiği ortaya konulmuş olacaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2019-2020 yılının bahar döneminde x Üniversitelerinde eğitim gören sosyal hizmet bölümü lisans öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan ve bazı demografik değişkenlerden oluşan bilgi formu ile Akdeniz ve Deniz (2016) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Merhamet Ölçeği” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. 505 katılımcıdan elde edilen verinin değerlendirildiği araştırmada, Merhamet Ölçeğinin (MÖ) Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı 0,86 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 20.0 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizinden (ANOVA) yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda örneklemin MÖ toplam ortalama puanının yüksek olduğu bulgulanmıştır (x̄= 3,98). MÖ ile alt boyutlardan elde edilen puanlar, aile yapısı ve yaşadığı yer değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmazken, cinsiyet değişkenine göre ölçeğin geneli ve tüm alt boyutlarında kadınlar lehine anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p.05). Sınıf düzeyi değişkenine göre MÖ toplam puanı ile sevecenlik, paylaşımların bilincinde olma ve bilinçli farkındalık alt boyutlarında gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p
The Cationic Properties of SEVI Underlie Its Ability To Enhance Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2008)

Human semen contains peptides capable of forming amyloid fibrils termed semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) that can greatly increase human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While SEVI appears to enhance virion attachment to target cells, its underlying mechanism of action is unknown. We now demonstrate that the intrinsic positive charges of SEVI (pI = 10.21) facilitate virion attachment to and fusion with target cells. A mutant form of SEVI in which lysines and arginines are replaced with alanines retains the ability to form amyloid fibrils but is defective in binding virions and enhancing infection. In addition, the interaction of wild-type SEVI with virions and the ability of these fibrils to increase infection are abrogated in the presence of various polyanionic compounds. These anionic polymers also decrease the enhancement of HIV infection mediated by semen. These findings suggest that SEVI enhances viral infection by serving as a polycationic bridge that neutralizes the negative charge repulsion that exists between HIV virions and target cells. Combinations of agents that neutrale SEVI action and produce HIV virucidal effects are an attractive future direction for microbicide development.
Simulations of black carbon over the Indian region: improvements and implications of diurnality in emissions (2019)

Abstract. With a view to improving the performance of WRF-Chem over the Indian region in simulating BC (black carbon) mass concentrations as well as its short-term variations, especially on a diurnal scale, a region-specific diurnal variation scheme has been introduced in the model emissions and the performance of the modified simulations has been evaluated against high-resolution measurements carried out over eight ARFI (Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India) network observatories spread across India for distinct seasons: pre-monsoon (represented by May), post-monsoon (represented by October) and winter (represented by December). In addition to an overall improvement in the simulated concentrations and their temporal variations, we have also found that the effects of prescribing diurnally varying emissions on the simulated near-surface concentrations largely depend on the boundary layer turbulence. The effects are perceived quickly (within about 2–3 h) during the evening–early morning hours when the atmospheric boundary layer is shallow and convective mixing is weak, while they are delayed, taking as much as about 5–6 h, during periods when the boundary layer is deep and convective mixing is strong. This information would also serve as an important input for agencies concerned with urban planning and pollution mitigation. Despite these improvements in the near-surface concentrations, the simulated columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD) still remains largely underestimated vis-à-vis the satellite-retrieved products. These modifications will serve as a guideline for further model-improvement initiatives at a regional scale.
Isolated Upper-Extremity Symptoms Due to Obstruction of the Aortic Origin of the Left Subclavian or Innominate Artery (1962)

MUCH has been written about occlusive disease involving the great vessels of the aortic arch since the first reports on this subject by Savory1 in 1856 and Broadbent2 in 1875. This clinical entity, which has been variously referred to under such names as "aortic-arch syndrome,"3 , 4 "pulseless disease,"5 "Martorell's syndrome"6 and "Takayasu's disease,"7 probably has several etiologies — the inflammatory arteritis of syphilis,3 , 8 atherosclerosis9 10 11 12 and the poorly understood nonspecific inflammatory lesion,3 4 5 , 10 , 13 14 15 the ophthalmologic complications of which were described by Takayasu7 in 1908. It is important not to consider these various types of occlusive disease involving the major branches of the aortic . . .
Toxic Shock Syndrome and Lysogeny in Staphylococcus aureus (1983)

Lysogeny, or the presence of temperate bacteriophage, was demonstrated, by means of two Staphylococcus aureus indicator strains, in 11 of 12 strains of S. aureus isolated from patients with toxic shock syndrome. Only 1 of 18 strains of S. aureus that were not associated with toxic shock syndrome showed the presence of bacteriophage. A laboratory strain of S. aureus was lysogenized by bacteriophage from two of the toxic shock-associated strains. These results add support to the theory that lysogeny by one or more bacteriophage in certain strains of S. aureus may be responsible for the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and PKC Isozyme Surrogate Binding of Indothiolactam‐V, a New Thioamide Analogue of Tumor Promoting Indolactam‐V. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Decentralized robust control of mechanical systems (2000)

For mechanical systems described by Euler-Lagrange equations and involving high-order interconnections, this paper proposes a decentralized control, which guarantees the uniform ultimate stability when the control objective is tracking a smooth desired trajectory. The controller design is based on some physical properties of such systems and Lyapunov design methodology. The application of the proposed controller to robot manipulators is presented, and experiment results are included to illustrate the performance of the proposed control algorithm.
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Design: Diode Design (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: ESD Diode Design: ESD Basic ESD Diode Design: Anode ESD Diode Design: Interconnect Wiring ESD Diode Design: Polysilicon-Bound Diode Designs ESD Diode Design: n-Well Diode Design ESD Diode Design: n+/p Substrate Diode Design ESD Diode Design: Diode String ESD Diode Design: Triple-Well Diodes ESD Design: BiCMOS ESD Design Summary and Closing Comments Problems References
Zoonotic Risks from Amphibians and Reptiles (2012)

Captive amphibians and reptiles are well-documented sources of human salmonellosis through direct contact with contaminated feces or fomites. However, the relative significance of wild cold-blooded vertebrates as hosts/reservoirs of zoonotic enteric pathogens in their natural habitat is not known. Wild amphibian and reptile populations are present in the leafy green produce production environment in the central California coast, and there are reports from growers that frogs and other species sometimes intrude into produce fields. These intrusions may result in destruction of the crop and economic losses, due to food safety and quality concerns. Environmental groups have also noted potential conflicts between conservation efforts and food safety practices that result in removal or damage to aquatic habitat (e.g., farm ponds, adjacent wetland areas). To address these concerns, we conducted a survey of foodborne pathogen prevalence in common amphibian and reptile populations during the 2011 produce growing season in the central California coast. Preliminary results indicate that Salmonella prevalence was higher among wild-caught reptile (33%) compared with amphibian (4%) taxa. In contrast, all samples were negative for E. coli O157. Wildlife damage management in fresh produce production fields is challenging, due to the diversity of potential hosts/reservoirs of foodborne pathogens and a limited number of mitigation strategies. Professionals working in vertebrate pest control could play an important role in assisting fresh produce growers with implementation of co-management approaches that promote public health and conservation goals in the central coast agricultural landscape.
Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids from Beech Wood Treated in Supercritical Water (2009)

Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume), its cell wall components, and model compounds were treated by supercritical water (380°C, 100 MPa) for 5 s using a batch-type reactor to investigate the production behavior of low molecular weight organic acids. It was found that cellulose and hemicellulose were decomposed to formic acid, pyruvic acid, glycolic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid, whereas lignin was barely decomposed to such organic acids under the given conditions. However, after prolonged treatment (380°C, 100 MPa, 4 min) of lignin, some organic acids were recovered owing perhaps to the decomposition of the propyl side chain of lignin. It was additionally revealed that the predominant organic acid recovered was acetic acid, which might be derived from the acetyl group of hemicellulose in Japanese beech.
Broad-band spectral control of single photon sources using a nonlinear photonic crystal cavity (2009)

Motivated by developments in quantum information science, much recent effort has been directed toward coupling individual quantum emitters to optical microcavities. Such systems can be used to produce single photons on demand, enable nonlinear optical switching at a single photon level, and implement functional nodes of a quantum network, where the emitters serve as processing nodes and photons are used for long-distance quantum communication. For many of these practical applications, it is important to develop techniques that allow one to generate outgoing single photons of desired frequency and bandwidth, enabling hybrid networks connecting different types of emitters and long-distance transmission over telecommunications wavelengths. Here, we propose a novel approach that makes use of a nonlinear optical resonator, in which the single photon originating from the atom-like emitter is directly converted into a photon with desired frequency and bandwidth using the intracavity nonlinearity. As specific examples, we discuss a high-finesse, TE-TM double-mode photonic crystal cavity design that allows for direct generation of single photons at telecom wavelengths starting from an InAs/GaAs quantum dot with a 950 nm transition wavelength, and a scheme for direct optical coupling of such a quantum dot with a diamond nitrogen-vacancy center at 637 nm.
A Paragenetic Perspective on Integration of RNA Silencing into the Epigenome and Its Role in the Biology of Higher Plants (2006)

We describe features of RNA silencing and associated epigenetic imprints that illustrate potential roles for RNA interference (RNAi) in maintenance and transmission of epigenetic states between cells, throughout a plant, and perhaps even across sexual generations. Three types of transgenes can trigger RNAi of homologous endogenous plant genes: (1) "sense" transgenes that overexpress translatable transcripts, (2) inverted repeat (IR) transgenes that produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and (3) antisense transgenes. Each mode of RNAi produces a different characteristic developmental silencing pattern. Single-copy transgenes are sufficient for sense-RNAi and antisense-RNAi, but not inverted repeat-RNAi. A single premature termination codon dramatically attenuates sense-RNAi, but it has no effect on antisense or inverted repeat-RNAi. We report here that antisense transgenes altered by removal of nonsense codons generate silencing patterns characteristic of sense-RNAi. Duplication of a sense overexpression transgene results in two types of epigenetic events: (1) complete loss of silencing and (2) altered developmental pattern of silencing. We also report that duplicating only the transgene promoter results in complete loss of silencing, whereas duplicating only transcribed sequences produces the second class, which are vein-based patterns. We infer that the latter class is due to systemic RNA silencing signals that interact with certain epigenetic states of the transgene to imprint it with information generated at a distance elsewhere in the plant.
Advanced packaging solutions of next generation eWLB technology (2011)

The shrinkage of the pitches and pads at the chip to package interface is happening much faster than the shrinkage at the package to board interface. This interconnection gap requires fan-out packaging, where the package size is larger than the chip size in order to provide a sufficient area to accommodate the 2nd level interconnects. eWLB is a type of fan-out WLP that has the potential to realize any number of interconnects with standard pitches at any shrink stage of the wafer node technology. eWLB is one of key advanced packages because of advantages of higher number of I/Os, process easiness and integration flexibilities. Furthermore, it enables to integrate multiple dies vertically and horizontally in one package without using substrates. Thus, recently eWLB technology is moving forward to next generation packages, such as multi- die, low profile package and 3D SiP. This paper reports developments of next generation eWLB for advanced packaging solutions. eWLB packaging is demonstrated to be compatible with integration of advance Si node devices with ELK dielectrics. A whole portfolio of next generation package configurations: thin 3D SiP, small outline eWLB and eWLL (embedded Wafer Level Land Grid Array) are developed. And the reliability study was carried out in depth by experimental approaches as well as failure analysis. Successful reliability characterization results on different package configurations are reported that demonstrate next generation eWLB as an enabling technology for miniaturized, fine pitch, high density 3D and advanced silicon packaging solutions.
EpCAM, a human tumor-associated antigen promotes Th2 development and tumor immune evasion (2009)

Experimental tumor vaccination and adoptive T-cell therapies show that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing CD4(+) T helper cells (Th1) can be highly effective in tumor prevention and therapy. Unexpectedly, first vaccine trials in humans revealed that tumor immune therapy may not only be protective, but, on the contrary, even promote tumor progression. Here, we analyzed T-cell immune responses to the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), one of the most common tumor-associated antigens (TAA) serving as immune target in colon cancer patients. Th-cell priming against EpCAM inevitably resulted in interleukin-4 (IL-4)-dominated Th2 responses, even under most stringent Th1-inducing conditions. These EpCAM-reactive Th2 cells rather promoted growth of EpCAM-expressing tumors. To analyze the role of IL-4 in tumor immune evasion, we generated EpCAM-reactive Th1 cells from IL-4.ko mice. These Th1 cells provided tumor-specific protection and established highly protective Th1 memory responses, even in naive BALB/c mice. Inhibition of tumor growth by Th1 cells resulted in intra-tumoral expression of cytokines of the IL-12 family and of IFN-gamma. Preventing activation-associated death of Th1 cells further increased intratumoral IFN-gamma expression and improved therapeutic efficacy. Thus, human TAA may promote tumor immune evasion by strongly favoring Th2 development.
Towards resonant THz detector: Devices based on Schottky diodes to 2DEG GaN/AlGaN (2018)

We report on comparison studies between a novel transistor-like device and two dimensional Fin Field-effect transistor (2DEG FinFET) towards their applications in a THz resonant detector. Both device structures have been fabricated on the same wafer of GaN/AlGaN epistructure during one processing run. The proposed here the transistor-like structure has two side Schottky gates, which can be biased towards complete pinch-off the 2DEG channel in this device. The characteristic dimensions of all device structures are in the range of typical for the laser writer processing i.e. a few micrometers, however in the case of the transistor-like device we report on electronical tuned confinement, which works down to submicron range. At certain conditions, near to pinch-off region, it is possible to obtain one dimensional current flow. This feature is especially attractive for THz resonant detector approach, which will be discussed in details.
Endothelial Metabolism Driving Angiogenesis (2015)

Angiogenesis has been traditionally studied by focusing on growth factors and other proangiogenic signals, but endothelial cell (EC) metabolism has not received much attention. Nonetheless, glycolysis, one of the major metabolic pathways that converts glucose to pyruvate, is required for the phenotypic switch from quiescent to angiogenic ECs. During vessel sprouting, the glycolytic activator PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3) promotes vessel branching by rendering ECs more competitive to reach the tip of the vessel sprout, whereas fatty acid oxidation selectively regulates proliferation of endothelial stalk cells. These studies show that metabolic pathways in ECs regulate vessel sprouting, more importantly than anticipated. This review discusses the recently discovered role of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation in vessel sprouting. We also highlight how metabolites can influence EC behavior as signaling molecules by modulating posttranslational modification.
Temporal circuit partitioning for a 90nm CMOS multi-context FPGA and its delay measurement (2010)

In this paper, we present a dynamically reconfigurable multi-context FPGA named Flexible Processor (FP) equipped with shift-register temporal communication module (SR-TCM). Temporal partitioning algorithm has been developed, which divides a long critical path into equal-length short paths context-wise. From measurement results of a FP fabricated by using a 90nm CMOS technology, it is found that the execution latency remains constant regardless of the number of contexts used.