gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Flip-chip electronic system assembly process and issues for the NanoWalker: a small wireless autonomous instrumented robot</title> (1999)

The integration of complex electronic systems onto small- scale robots requires advanced assembly methods. The NanoWalker is an example of such a robot where a large amount of electronics must be embedded in the smallest possible space. To make a space-efficient implementation, electronic chips are mounted using flip chip technology on a pre-bumped flexible printed circuit (FPC). A 3D structure is obtained by mounting the FPC vertically in a triangular fashion above a tripod built with three small piezo-actuated legs used for the walking and rotational motions. Advanced computer aided design systems are used for the design and to generate manufacturing files. Unlike other commercial products such as cellular phones, watches, pagers, cameras, and disk drives that use flip chip technology to achieve the smallest form factor, the assembly process of the NanoWalker is directly dependent on other characteristics of the system. Minimization of coupling noises through proper FPC layout and die placement within temperature constraints due to the proximity of sensitive instrument was a critical factor. The effect of vibration caused by the piezo- actuators and the weight of each die were also other important issues to consider to determine the final placement in order to maintain proper sub-atomic motion behavior.
Comparison of Osteotomy Level with Three Different Canine Total Hip Replacement Systems (2022)

The strong correlations among three different observers indicate that the technique for measuring the location of the distomedial aspect of the osteotomy was acceptably precise. The osteotomies made in conjunction with the short-stemmed Helica implants were significantly more proximal than those made with both of the long-stemmed (BFX and Zurich) femoral prostheses. The distomedial aspect of the osteotomy with the BFX system was significantly more proximal than that with the Zurich THR, indicating that between these two long-stemmed systems the osteotomy level is unique.
AR Record&Replay (2012)

In this paper we present a novel approach to record and replay video content composited in-situ with a live view of the real environment. Our real-time technique works on mobile phones, and uses a panorama-based tracker to create visually seamless and spatially registered overlay of video content. We apply a temporal foreground-background segmentation of video footage and show how the segmented information can be precisely registered in real-time in the camera view of a mobile phone. We describe the user interface and the video post effects implemented in our prototype as well as our approach with a skateboard training application. Our technique can also be used with online video material and supports the creation of augmented situated documentaries.
Electronic Band Structure and Photocatalytic Activity of Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Safety of Redo Hepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastases after Selective Interarterial Radiation Therapy: A Case Report (2014)

Surgical resection is the only potentially curative strategy in the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Unfortunately, only about 10%-15% of patients are candidates for resection. Preoperative chemotherapy aims to increase the number of patients that may be eligible for liver resection by downsizing liver metastases. For patients with unresectable, chemotherapy refractory CLM the available treatment options are limited. Selective interarterial radiation therapy (SIRT) is one of the most promising treatment options for this group of patients. Although only a small number of these patients have been reported as becoming candidates for potentially curative hepatic resection following sufficient reduction in the volume of liver metastases, the question arises regarding the safety of liver resection in these patients. We report a case of a patient who presented unresectable liver relapse of CLM after previous right hepatectomy. He underwent SIRT which resulted in downsizing of the liver metastases making the patient candidate for left lateral sectionectomy. He underwent the redo hepatectomy without any complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of redo hepatectomy after SIRT for CLM.
Dynamic Adjustment of Storage Class Memory Capacity in Memory-Resource Disaggregated Hybrid Storage With SCM and NAND Flash Memory (2019)

Using storage class memories (SCMs) as nonvolatile cache of NAND flash memory is a promising solution for the high-performance storage. However, the problem is the high SCM cost per bit which is about ten times higher than NAND flash and the optimal SCM capacity is application dependent. The optimum SCM capacity is conventionally determined manually for every application operating on the data centers' storages. To achieve high performance while reducing the overall storage cost, application-aware autonomous SCM capacity adjustment (3ASCA) method is utilized to observe the warm data in NAND flash by the ghost least recently used list. SCM capacity in the memory-resource disaggregated storage with hybrid use of SCM and NAND flash is autonomously adjusted and effectively utilized for different applications. By saving the SCM capacity with 3ASCA, multiple applications in the disaggregated storage can efficiently utilize the limited SCM capacity at the same time.
Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by spirotetramat causes lipid depletion and surface coat deficiency in nematodes (2018)

Abstract Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a significant threat to agriculture causing annual yield losses worth more than 100 billion US$. Nematode control often involves the use of nematicides, but many of them including non-selective fumigants have been phased out, particularly due to ecotoxicological concerns. Thus new control strategies are urgently needed. Spirotetramat (SPT) is used as phloem-moble systemic insecticide targeting acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) of pest insects and mites upon foliar application. Our studies revealed that SPT known to be activated in planta to SPT-enol acts as a developmental inhibitor of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii . Exposure to SPT-enol leads to larval arrest and disruption of the life cycle. Furthermore, SPT-enol inhibits nematode ACC activity, affects storage lipids, fatty acid composition and disrupts surface coat synthesis. Silencing of H. schachtii ACC by RNAi induced similar phenotypes and thus mimics the effects of SPT-enol, supporting the conclusion that SPT-enol acts on nematodes by inhibiting ACC. Our studies demonstrated that the inhibition of de novo lipid biosynthesis by interfering with nematode ACC is a new nematicidal mode of action addressed by spirotetramat, a well-known systemic insecticide for sucking pest control.
An experimental study on the influence of water stagnation and temperature change on water quality in a full-scale domestic drinking water system (2017)

The drinking water quality changes during the transport through distribution systems. Domestic drinking water systems (DDWSs), which include the plumbing between the water meter and consumer's taps, are the most critical points in which water quality may be affected. In distribution networks, the drinking water temperature and water residence time are regarded as indicators of the drinking water quality. This paper describes an experimental research on the influence of stagnation time and temperature change on drinking water quality in a full-scale DDWS. Two sets of stagnation experiments, during winter and summer months, with various stagnation intervals (up to 168 h of stagnation) were carried out. Water and biofilms were sampled at two different taps, a kitchen and a shower tap. Results from this study indicate that temperature and water stagnation affect both chemical and microbial quality in DDWSs, whereas microbial parameters in stagnant water appear to be driven by the temperature of fresh water. Biofilm formed in the shower pipe contained more total and intact cells than the kitchen pipe biofilm. Alphaproteobacteria were found to dominate in the shower biofilm (78% of all Proteobacteria), while in the kitchen tap biofilm Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were evenly distributed.
Atomic-precision multilayer coating of the first set of optics for an extreme-ultraviolet lithography prototype system (2002)

We present our results of coating a first set of optical elements for an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography system. The optics were coated with Mo-Si multilayer mirrors by dc magnetron sputtering and characterized by synchrotron radiation. Near-normal incidence reflectances above 65% were achieved at 13.35 nm. The run-to-run reproducibility of the reflectance peak wavelength was maintained to within 0.4%, and the thickness uniformity (or gradient) was controlled to within +/-0.05% peak to valley, exceeding the prescribed specification. The deposition technique used for this study is an enabling technology for EUV lithography, making it possible to fabricate multilayer-coated optics to accuracies commensurate with atomic dimensions.
Up-Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production in Human Endometriotic Cells by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor: Involvement of Novel Kinase Signaling Pathways (2009)

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs), including prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), a major mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Herein, we report that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a potent proinflammatory and growth-promoting factor found at elevated concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis and active endometriosis lesions, acts directly on ectopic endometrial cells to stimulate the synthesis of COX-2, the inducible form of COX, and the release of PGE(2). MIF treatment strongly activated p38 and ERK MAPK, and specific inhibitors of both pathways completely blocked basal and MIF-induced PGE(2) synthesis. Whereas p38 inhibitors negatively affected the stimulated synthesis of COX-2 and that of PGE(2), ERK inhibitors only decreased the production of PGE(2). These findings show for the first time a direct role for MIF in the up-regulation of COX-2 synthesis and PGE(2) secretion in ectopic endometrial cells. They further indicate that whereas p38 and ERK MAPK signaling pathways both play a significant role in the regulation of basal and MIF-induced synthesis of PGE(2) by ectopic endometrial cells, only p38 kinase is involved in the regulation of COX-2 expression in these cells. This suggests that MIF acts at more than one level to stimulate the synthesis of PGE(2) and triggers the coordinate activation of multiple enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway. Our data provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which MIF can induce a proinflammatory phenotype in ectopic endometrial cells, and favor the establishment of endometriosis and its related clinical symptoms.
Counterions-exchangeable, multifunctional polyelectrolyte fabrics (2012)

We demonstrated multifunctional electrospun polyelectrolyte fabrics with switchable superhydrophobicity as well as oleophobicity. To produce this smart fabric, we used a strategy that combines electrospinning to fabricate nanofibrous templates with nanopores and a simple coating of the polyelectrolyte that can exchange counterions with various hydration energies. The ion exchange of polyelectrolyte embedded in nanoporous fibrous webs leads to switchable wetting behavior in water and oil. This electrospun fabric was also utilized as chemical filters for the efficient removal of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from waste gas streams.
Use of a QM/MM-Based FEP Method to Evaluate the Anomalous Hydration Behavior of Simple Alkyl Amines and Amides: Application to the Design of FBPase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes (2011)

Standard molecular mechanics (MM) force fields predict a nearly linear decrease in hydration free energy with each successive addition of a methyl group to ammonia or acetamide, whereas a nonadditive relationship is observed experimentally. In contrast, the non-additive hydration behavior is reproduced directly using a quantum mechanics (QM)/MM-based free-energy perturbation (FEP) method wherein the solute partial atomic charges are updated at every window. Decomposing the free energies into electrostatic and van der Waals contributions and comparing the results with the corresponding free energies obtained using a conventional FEP method and a QM/MM method wherein the charges are not updated suggests that inaccuracies in the electrostatic free energies are the primary reason for the inability of the conventional FEP method to predict the experimental findings. The QM/MM-based FEP method was subsequently used to evaluate inhibitors of the diabetes drug target fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase adenosine 5'-monophosphate and 6-methylamino purine riboside 5'-monophosphate. The predicted relative binding free energy was consistent with the experimental findings, whereas the relative binding free energy predicted using the conventional FEP method differed from the experimental finding by an amount consistent with the overestimated relative solvation free energies calculated for alkylamines. Accordingly, the QM/MM-based FEP method offers potential advantages over conventional FEP methods, including greater accuracy and reduced user input. Moreover, since drug candidates often contain either functionality that is inadequately treated by MM (e.g., simple alkylamines and alkylamides) or new molecular scaffolds that require time-consuming development of MM parameters, these advantages could enable future automation of FEP calculations as well as greatly increase the use and impact of FEP calculations in drug discovery.
Biomechanical and Magnetic Resonance Characteristics of a Cartilage-like Equivalent Generated in a Suspension Culture (2006)

The high-density culture method produced a CTE with characteristics that approach those of native articular cartilage. The CTE mechanical properties are similar to those of the native cartilage. The CTE developed in this study represents a promising methodological advancement in cartilage tissue engineering and cartilage repair.
Bicycle chain shape models (2009)

In this paper we introduce landmark-based preshapes which allow mixing of anatomical landmarks and pseudo-landmarks, constraining consecutive pseudo-landmarks to satisfy planar equidistance relations. This defines naturally a structure of Riemannian manifold on these preshapes, with a natural action of the group of planar rotations. Orbits define the shapes. We develop a Geodesic Generalized Procrustes Analysis procedure for a sample set on such a preshape spaces and use it to compute Principal Geodesic Analysis. We demonstrate it on an elementary synthetic example as well on a dataset of manually annotated vertebra shapes from X-ray. We re-landmark them consistently and show that PGA captures the variability of the dataset better than its linear counterpart, PCA.
Design and Calibration of Wideband Multiport Homodyne Wireless Receivers (2017)

Complexity and computation effective design of multiport-based receiver system is proposed in this paper, and a simple calibration algorithm based on modified memory polynomial for the five-port receiver is used to demodulate the desired baseband signals from the received radio frequency signals. The theoretical foundation for the baseband signal recovery for the multiport system, basic circuit theory of the five-port receiver, and the proposed algorithm about how to retrieve the baseband signals from three output voltage signals are discussed. Finally, common modulated signals are used in the five-port receiver to validate the proposed calibration algorithm, and the measured performance in terms of error vector magnitude between the transmitted and the received signals are all less than 2%. Also, the performance comparison with the state-of-the-art multiport receivers is made to conclude that the five-port receiver with the proposed model can be one of the best cost and computation effective choices to accurately complete the signal recovery.
Organic-on-GaAs contact barrier diodes (1985)

Thin films of the organic compound 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) were deposited on n- and p-type GaAs substrates, and were found to form high contact barriers. Barrier energies of 0.64 eV on n-type substrates and 0.75 eV on p-type material yielded organic-on-inorganic (OI) contact barrier diodes characterized by exponentially increasing forward current with voltage, and a reverse dark current leakage limited by generation and recombination of carriers in the GaAs bulk. The Fermi level does not appear to be pinned at the OI interface, contrary to what is commonly observed in metal/GaAs Schottky barrier diodes. In addition, we have made OI contact barriers using N,N′-dimethyl 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (DIME-PTCDI) deposited on n- and p-type GaAs. These devices have contact barriers of 0.85 eV for substrates of either majority-carrier-type. The n values obtained from the forward biased characteristics of the GaAs/DIME-PTCDI structures are n=1.19, and are the lowest obtained to date for OI devices.
Enhanced Solid-State Order and Field-Effect Hole Mobility through Control of Nanoscale Polymer Aggregation (2013)

Efficient charge carrier transport in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) often requires thin films that display long-range order and close π-π packing that is oriented in-plane with the substrate. Although some polymers have achieved high field-effect mobility with such solid-state properties, there are currently few general strategies for controlling the orientation of π-stacking within polymer films. In order to probe structural effects on polymer-packing alignment, furan-containing diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) polymers with similar optoelectronic properties were synthesized with either linear hexadecyl or branched 2-butyloctyl side chains. Differences in polymer solubility were observed and attributed to variation in side-chain shape and polymer backbone curvature. Averaged field-effect hole mobilities of the polymers range from 0.19 to 1.82 cm(2)/V·s, where PDPP3F-C16 is the least soluble polymer and provides the highest maximum mobility of 2.25 cm(2)/V·s. Analysis of the films by AFM and GIXD reveal that less soluble polymers with linear side chains exhibit larger crystalline domains, pack considerably more closely, and align with a greater preference for in-plane π-π packing. Characterization of the polymer solutions prior to spin-coating shows a correlation between early onset nanoscale aggregation and the formation of films with highly oriented in-plane π-stacking. This effect is further observed when nonsolvent is added to PDPP3F-BO solutions to induce aggregation, which results in films with increased nanostructural order, in-plane π-π orientation, and field-effect hole mobilities. Since nearly all π-conjugated materials may be coaxed to aggregate, this strategy for enhancing solid-state properties and OFET performance has applicability to a wide variety of organic electronic materials.
Optimizing Ligand Efficiency of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) (2015)

A series of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) containing the 1-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol core have been optimized for androgen receptor (AR) potency and drug-like properties. We have taken advantage of the lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) parameter as a guide to interpret the effect of structural changes on AR activity. Over the course of optimization efforts the LLE increased over 3 log units leading to a SARM 43 with nanomolar potency, good aqueous kinetic solubility (>700 μM), and high oral bioavailability in rats (83%).
Tailored Etch Profiles for Wafer-Level Frequency Tuning of Axisymmetric Resonators (2017)

This paper reports a wafer-level technique for the systematic elimination of the modal frequency difference between a nominally degenerate pair of modes in an axisymmetric resonator design. A targeted etch process is developed in which masking resist and a conformal layer are ablated at specific sites on the resonator thereby exposing the underlying silicon and enabling site-specific mass removal by SiDRIE. A model of the perturbed resonator dynamics guides the selection of the ablation sites so that the subsequent timed etch reduces the modal frequency differences by a prescribed amount. This wafer-level process is demonstrated on seven resonators whose modal frequency differences are reduced below 100 mHz from initial splits as large as 15 Hz for a pair of modes with 13.5 kHz nominal frequencies. [2016-0208]
Power System State Estimation Under Incomplete PMU Observability—A Reduced-Order Approach (2014)

This paper presents a state estimation method for power systems when not all state variables are observable with phasor measurement units (PMU), namely, incomplete PMU observability. Realizing that PMU measurements are generally more accurate than conventional ones, the proposed approach estimates PMU unobservable states and PMU observable states separately. The latter are estimated from PMU measurements using a linear estimator. Those estimates are then used along with conventional measurements in a reduced-order nonlinear estimator for the PMU unobservable states. The proposed decoupled approach features reduced computational complexity and greater numerical stability, when compared to existing combined approaches. We show analytically that the performance of the proposed method is comparable to that of existing approaches if PMU measurements are sufficiently accurate. In this paper, we also study the impact of time-skew errors in conventional measurements on the performance of hybrid state estimators using both conventional and PMU measurements. We propose a model that incorporates such errors into conventional measurements. We show that our proposed method is more robust than existing approaches in the presence of time-skew errors. Our analytical findings are verified by simulations on standard IEEE test systems.