gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Blockade during Immunization Heightens Intensity and Breadth of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses in Young and Aged mice (2017)

The hallmark of vaccines is their ability to prevent the spread of infectious pathogens and thereby serve as invaluable public health tool. Despite their medical relevance, there is a gap in our understanding of the physiological factors that mediate innate and adaptive immune response to vaccines. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is a critical modulator of homeostasis in vertebrates. Our results indicate that macrophages and dendritic cells produce the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG) upon antigen activation. We have also established that 2-AG levels are upregulated in the serum and in the lymph node of mice during vaccination. We hypothesized that the intrinsic release of eCBs from immune cells during activation by pathogenic antigens mitigate inflammation, but also suppress overall innate and adaptive immune response. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that transient administration of the cannabinoid receptor 2 antagonist AM630 (10 mg/kg) or inverse agonist JTE907 (3 mg/kg) during immunization heightens the intensity and breadth of antigen-specific immune responses in young and aged mice through the upregulation of immunomodulatory genes in secondary lymphoid tissues.
30.2: Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays on Temporary Bonded Stainless Steel Substrates with 180 °C a‐Si:H TFTs (2008)

Abstract A low temperature, 180 °C, amorphous Si (a‐Si:H) process on bonded stainless steel substrates is discussed and a 3.8‐inch QVGA active matrix (AM) electrophoretic display as well as a 64×64 electrophoretic display with integrated column drivers are demonstrated. The n‐channel thin‐film transistors (TFTs) exhibited saturation mobilities of 0.7 cm 2 /V‐sec, median drive currents of 26.2 μA and low defectivity.
EmoNets: Multimodal deep learning approaches for emotion recognition in\n video (2015)

The task of the emotion recognition in the wild (EmotiW) Challenge is to\nassign one of seven emotions to short video clips extracted from Hollywood\nstyle movies. The videos depict acted-out emotions under realistic conditions\nwith a large degree of variation in attributes such as pose and illumination,\nmaking it worthwhile to explore approaches which consider combinations of\nfeatures from multiple modalities for label assignment. In this paper we\npresent our approach to learning several specialist models using deep learning\ntechniques, each focusing on one modality. Among these are a convolutional\nneural network, focusing on capturing visual information in detected faces, a\ndeep belief net focusing on the representation of the audio stream, a K-Means\nbased "bag-of-mouths" model, which extracts visual features around the mouth\nregion and a relational autoencoder, which addresses spatio-temporal aspects of\nvideos. We explore multiple methods for the combination of cues from these\nmodalities into one common classifier. This achieves a considerably greater\naccuracy than predictions from our strongest single-modality classifier. Our\nmethod was the winning submission in the 2013 EmotiW challenge and achieved a\ntest set accuracy of 47.67% on the 2014 dataset.\n
Impact of material abundances distributions on detection power in hyperspectral images (2005)

Recently, we initiated research that attempts to describe performance of the subpixel target detectors using analytical formulas. We showed a surprising result that MFD always outperformed OSP in a traditional theoretical formulation of the detection problem. We also showed that this theoretical formulation was not realistic in practical target detection in real spectral images. The purpose of this paper is to give specific formulas for the detection power of MFD and OSP detectors under a more realistic scenario when the background signatures vary in both target and non-target pixel spectra. In this paper, we consider normal (Gaussian) distributions of the abundances of the background signatures. We show under what conditions the MFD outperforms OSP, and when the opposite is true. We show three numerical examples of the balance between the bias of MFD and the large variability of OSP and its impact on the relative performance of these detectors. realistic scenario when the background signatures vary in both target and non-target pixel spectra. More specifically, we consider normal (Gaussian) distributions of the abundances of the background signatures. At first, this assumption may not seem realistic, but the proper choice of the parameters of the normal distributions gives a reasonable approximation of the realistic values of the abundances. The advantage of the normal assumption is that we can obtain relatively simple formulas for detection power. Section II introduces the notation and gives the formulation of the model used in this paper. Section III provides the main results on the analytical formulas for the detection power of MFD and OSP detectors. Section IV considers a simplified scenario in order to obtain an interesting result, which shows when one of the two investigated detectors outperforms the other one. Section V shows three numerical examples of the balance between the bias of MFD and the large variability of OSP and its impact on the relative performance of these detectors.
An Impact of Self-Recirculation Casing Treatment (SRCT) Configurations on Impeller Stall Margin and the Flow Field (2012)

The present paper describes an investigation of stall margin enhancement and a detailed analysis of the impeller flow field due to self-recirculation casing treatment (SRCT) configuration of a high-speed small-size centrifugal impeller. The influence of different SRCT configurations on the impeller flow field at near-stall condition has been analyzed, highlighting the improvement in stall flow ability. This paper also discusses the influence of the SRCT configurations on the inlet flow angle, inlet swirl velocity and loss distribution in the impeller passage to understand the mechanism of the SRCT configurations in enhancing the stall margin of the impeller. The variation of the bleed flow rate at different operating conditions is also presented in this paper. Finally, the time-averaged unsteady simulation results at near-stall point are presented and compared with steady-state solutions.
Childbearing after conservative management of endometrial cancer (2015)

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Challenges and advances in the development of inhalable drug formulations for cystic fibrosis lung disease (2011)

An ideal drug/gene delivery system to CF airways should overcome the tenacious sputum, which presents physical, chemical and biological barriers to effective transport of therapeutic agents to the targets and various cellular challenges.
Monocrystalline beta -SiC semiconductor thin films: epitaxial growth, doping, and FET device development (2003)

High-purity, single-crystal beta -SiC thin films have been epitaxially grown by means of chemical vapor deposition. The defect nature of these films has been characterized, and antiphase boundaries, one of the major defects observed, were eliminated through utilization of off-axis Si-substrates. Doping of these films was possible through in-situ incorporation during growth or through ion implantation. The use of elevated temperatures during ion implantation resulted in damage-free material suitable for device fabrication. MESFETs constructed from these films showed good transistor action up to temperature of 523 K. Depletion-mode MOSFETs fabricated on beta -SiC
The Effect of a Frequently Asked Questions Module on a Pancreatic Cancer Web Site Patient/Family Chat Room (2005)

The Internet provides access to health information and a supportive community with similar illness concerns. Securing accurate information about treatment and prognosis is important to those with pancreatic cancer given its high mortality and short survival. The purpose of this descriptive-comparative study was to determine the effect of a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) module on postings in the chat room of a pancreatic cancer Web site. Six hundred postings were analyzed. Three themes were isolated: information seeking, giving, or both; support seeking, giving, or both; and reporting status or death. Information included treatments, nutrition, prognosis, end-of-life care, cost of care, symptoms, and support (social, emotional, spiritual, or physical). A greater proportion of postings sought information after the FAQ module was added, although questions about medical treatment decreased, whereas questions about prognosis and end-of-life care nearly doubled. There was no difference in the proportion of postings addressing support. Medical treatment was the most common treatment reported and pain was the most common symptom reported. This study supported the addition of a FAQ module to a pancreatic cancer Web site and revealed the need for information regarding pain management and care giving at the end of life.
Accelerated low-temperature oxidation for sand consolidation and production control (2022)

Sand production that occurs in poorly consolidated oil and gas reservoirs causes many serious operational problems. Industry experts have used both chemical and mechanical sand control techniques to overcome this challenge; however, these techniques have various technical and economic limitations. For example, a technique that employed in-situ low-temperature oxidation (LTO) of an asphaltic solution saturating the near-wellbore area helped increase the formation's compressive strength while retaining its permeability; however, this technique was time-consuming at low reservoir temperatures. This study employed thermochemicals to preheat the sand and thereby accelerate the LTO reaction and shorten the consolidation process. First, small packs of loose sand saturated with an asphaltic solution were oxidized via external heating until consolidation. The optimal conditions involved continuous airflow for 6 h at 180 °C, which produced consolidated sand with a compressive strength exceeding 12.4 MPa. Second, a similar but insulated saturated sand pack was flooded with several pore volumes of thermochemicals, which raised its temperature from 75 °C to 188 °C; this was followed by 6 h of air injection. The consolidated sand had a compressive strength of 10.27 MPa and showed excellent stability against acid and crude oil floods as well as prolonged soaking in toluene. This study demonstrated the potential of using thermochemicals for the in situ heating of the wellbore area to elevated temperatures for sand consolidation. By shortening the treatment time, the thermochemicals improved the cost-effectiveness of sand consolidation via LTO without adversely affecting the consolidation quality.
Hypolipidemic action of the SERM acolbifene is associated with decreased liver MTP and increased SR-BI and LDL receptors (2005)

This study aimed to identify the mechanisms of the hypolipidemic action of the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) acolbifene (ACOL). Four weeks of treatment with ACOL reduced fasting and postprandial plasma triglycerides (TGs), an effect associated with lower VLDL-TG secretion rate (-25%), and decreased mRNA of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP; -29%). ACOL increased liver TG concentration (+100%) and amplified the feeding-induced increase in the master lipogenic regulators sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1a (SREBP-1a) and SREBP-1c. ACOL decreased total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol (CHOL) by 50%. SREBP-2 mRNA and HMG-CoA reductase activity were minimally affected by ACOL. However, in the fasted state, liver concentration of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) protein, but not mRNA, was 3-fold higher in ACOL-treated than in control animals and correlated with plasma HDL-CHOL levels (r = 0.80, P < 0.002). Liver LDL receptor (LDLR) protein, but not mRNA, was increased 2-fold by ACOL, independently of the nutritional status. This study demonstrates that ACOL possesses the unique ability among SERMs to reduce VLDL-TG secretion, likely by reducing MTP expression, and strongly suggests that the robust hypocholesterolemic action of ACOL is related to increased removal of CHOL from the circulation as a consequence of enhanced liver SR-BI and LDLR abundance.
Microsporidiosis in South Africa: PCR detection in stool samples of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and school children in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province (2007)

Microsporidia were initially recognized as pathogens of insects and fish but have recently emerged as an important group of human pathogens, especially in immune-compromised individuals, such as those with HIV infection. In this study, we used a PCR-RFLP assay confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and trichrome staining to determine the prevalence of microsporidian infections among hospital patients and school children in Vhembe region. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was the only microsporidian species detected in these stool samples. It was found in 33 (12.9%) of 255 samples from the hospitals and in 3 (4.5%) of 67 samples from primary school children and was significantly associated (P=0.039) with diarrhea in HIV-positive patients (21.6%) compared to HIV-negative individuals (9%). However, microsporidian infections were not associated with intestinal inflammation as indicated by the lactoferrin test. These results suggest that microsporidia might be a cause of secretory diarrhea in HIV-positive patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi in the Vhembe region of South Africa. Further investigations are needed in order to clarify the pathogenesis of E. bieneusi in HIV-positive patients.
Training a Two-Layer ReLU Network Analytically (2023)

Neural networks are usually trained with different variants of gradient descent-based optimization algorithms such as the stochastic gradient descent or the Adam optimizer. Recent theoretical work states that the critical points (where the gradient of the loss is zero) of two-layer ReLU networks with the square loss are not all local minima. However, in this work, we will explore an algorithm for training two-layer neural networks with ReLU-like activation and the square loss that alternatively finds the critical points of the loss function analytically for one layer while keeping the other layer and the neuron activation pattern fixed. Experiments indicate that this simple algorithm can find deeper optima than stochastic gradient descent or the Adam optimizer, obtaining significantly smaller training loss values on four out of the five real datasets evaluated. Moreover, the method is faster than the gradient descent methods and has virtually no tuning parameters.
Red, Green and Blue Reflections Enabled in an Optically Tunable Self‐Organized 3D Cubic Nanostructured Thin Film (2013)

A new light-driven chiral molecular switch doped in a stable blue phase (BP) liquid crystal allows wide optical tunability of three-dimensional cubic nanostructures with a selective reflection wavelength that is reversibly tuned through the visible region. Moreover, unprecedented reversible light-directed red, green, and blue reflections of the self-organized three-dimensional cubic nanostructure in a single film are demonstrated for the first time. Additionally, unusual isothermal photo-stimulated less ordered BP II to more ordered BP I phase transition was observed in the system.
Surface protonation and electrochemical activity of oxides in aqueous solution (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface protonation and electrochemical activity of oxides in aqueous solutionJohn B. Goodenough, R. Manoharan, and M. ParanthamanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6, 2076–2082Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00162a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00162a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1948Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New technique for intrathoracic heart-lung transplantation in the rat. (1990)

A technique for intrathoracic heart-lung transplantation in the rat is described. The combined heart and left lung were transplanted into the recipient's thorax in place of the excised left lung. The graft's aorta was anastomosed end to side to the recipient's descending aorta. The bronchial anastomosis was made by the telescoping technique. When the aortic anastomosis was carried out, a total aortic clamp was used in group 1 (26 animals), and an internal shunt was used in group 2 (20 animals). One rat in group 1 and seven rats in group 2 survived with well-functioning grafts for more than 7 days after transplantation. This model of intrathoracic heart-lung transplantation appears to be suitable for investigations of rejection because the grafted lung is ventilated through the anastomosed bronchus. Our internal shunt method makes it possible for this system to be used as an experimental model.
Adaptive Learning and Optimization of High-Speed Sailing Maneuvers for America's Cup (2022)

Abstract This paper presents an adaptive control strategy to optimize the sailing maneuvers of an AC75 foiling sailboat competing in America's Cup. Foiling yachts have nonlinear, high-dimensional, and unstable dynamics due to several articulations for fast motions and maneuverability. Achieving aggressive and optimal maneuvers requires taking these complex dynamics into account instead of analytical optimizations using reduced-order models. We compared extremum-seeking and Jacobian learning (JL) control approaches on a full-order model to achieve optimal maneuvers and used JL to optimize articulations. The controllers were integrated with a high-fidelity sailboat simulator for safe and efficient maneuver optimization. The optimal solutions were subject to physical/actuator constraints and those enforced to ensure the feasibility of the maneuvers by humans (sailors). The close-hauled and tacking maneuvers were optimized to achieve maximum velocity made good (VMG) and minimum loss of VMG, respectively. The optimal maneuvers boast a marginal VMG loss of less than 1.5%, which enables exploiting areas of good wind conditions in the racing environment.
Transcapillary fluid balance consequences of missing initial lymphatics studied in a mouse model of primary lymphoedema (2006)

To investigate the phenotypic consequences of a deranged lymphangiogenesis in relation to tissue fluid accumulation and the possible role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of lymphoedema, we measured determinants of transcapillary fluid filtration and inflammatory mediators in the interstitial fluid in genetically engineered Chy mice, a model for primary congenital lymphoedema (Milroy's disease). Although initial lymphatics were not present in dermis in any of the areas studied (fore paw, hind paw, thigh and back skin) interstitial fluid pressure (P(if)), measured with micropipettes, and tissue fluid volumes were significantly increased only in the areas with visible swelling - the fore and hind paw, whereas interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (COP(if)) was increased in all the skin areas examined. A volume load of 15% of body weight resulted in a more pronounced increase in P(if) as well as a four-fold increase in interstitial fluid volume in Chy relative to wild-type (wt) mice, showing the quantitative importance of lymphatics for fluid homeostasis during acute perturbations. A similar level of proinflammatory markers in interstitial fluid in early established lymphoedema (3-4 months) in Chy and wt suggests that inflammation does not have a major pathogenetic role for the development of lymphoedema, whereas a reduced level of the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 may result in a reduced immunological defence ability and thus lead to the increase in inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-6 observed at a later stage (11-13 months). Our data suggest that primary lymphoedema results in a high interstitial fluid protein concentration that does not induce an interstitial inflammatory reaction per se, and furthermore shows the paramount importance of the initial lymphatics in tissue fluid homeostasis, especially during perturbations of transcapillary fluid balance.
Supplementary Table 1 from Allogeneic Human Double Negative T Cells as a Novel Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Underlying Mechanisms (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Clinical information of the 46 AML patients who provided AML cells for in vitro or in vivo assays.&lt;/p&gt;
Recognition of Multiple Food Items in A Single Photo for Use in A Buffet-Style Restaurant (2019)

We investigate image recognition of multiple food items in a single photo, focusing on a buffet restaurant application, where menu changes at every meal, and only a few images per class are available. After detecting food areas, we perform hierarchical recognition. We evaluate our results, comparing to two baseline methods.
The “Ronco” Catheter for Continuous Flow Peritoneal Dialysis (2006)

To perform CFPD, a two way access must be available in order to allow continuous inflow and outflow of the solution. This is most likely achieved with a double lumen peritoneal catheter. To design a double lumen catheter does not necessarily mean to increase the size of the tube or to increase the discomfort of the patient. However, the real challenge is to find a design in which minimal re-circulation is experienced. The two tips of the catheter must be positioned such that a maximal exposure of the peritoneal surface to the fluid is guaranteed during one single passage of the fluid from one lumen to another. Double lumen catheters with one short branch and another long of straight and of spiral shape were originally designed. Ash and coworkers have designed a catheter with a t-shape configuration in order to distantiate to the maximum the tips of the two lumens. Recently we have designed a novel catheter for CFPD equipped with a thin walled silicone diffuser used to gently diffuse the inflow dialysate into the peritoneum. The holes on the round tapered diffuser are positioned to allow dialysate to perpendicularly exit 360 degrees from the diffuser. The diffuser design and hole locations disperse the high-flow dialysate fluid at 360 degrees, reducing trauma to the peritoneal walls and allowing the dialysate to mix into the peritoneum. The dispersed fluid infused into the peritoneal cavity is then drained through the second lumen whose tip is placed into the lower Douglas cavity. The new catheter with diffuser is also equipped with a special removable hub that allows for easy creation of the subcutaneous tunnel without increasing the size of the skin exit site. The results so far achieved seems to offer advantages in terms of high flows, minimal pressure regimes and negligible recirculation.