gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
epBRM: Improving a Quality of 3D Object Detection using End Point Box Regression Module (2020)

We present an endpoint box regression module(epBRM), which is designed for predicting precise 3D bounding boxes using raw LiDAR 3D point clouds. The proposed epBRM is built with sequence of small networks and is computationally lightweight. Our approach can improve a 3D object detection performance by predicting more precise 3D bounding box coordinates. The proposed approach requires 40 minutes of training to improve the detection performance. Moreover, epBRM imposes less than 12ms to network inference time for up-to 20 objects. The proposed approach utilizes a spatial transformation mechanism to simplify the box regression task. Adopting spatial transformation mechanism into epBRM makes it possible to improve the quality of detection with a small sized network. We conduct in-depth analysis of the effect of various spatial transformation mechanisms applied on raw LiDAR 3D point clouds. We also evaluate the proposed epBRM by applying it to several state-of-the-art 3D object detection systems. We evaluate our approach on KITTI dataset[1], a standard 3D object detection benchmark for autonomous vehicles. The proposed epBRM enhances the overlaps between ground truth bounding boxes and detected bounding boxes, and improves 3D object detection. Our proposed method evaluated in KITTI test server outperforms current state-of-the-art approaches.
Side Crash Pressure Sensor Prediction: An ALE Approach (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach was adopted in this study to predict the responses of side crash pressure sensors in an attempt to assist pressure sensor algorithm development by using computer simulations. Acceleration-based crash sensors have traditionally been used to deploy restraint devises (e.g., airbags, air curtains, and seat belts) in vehicle crashes. The crash pulses recorded by acceleration-based crash sensors usually exhibit high frequency and noisy responses depending on the vehicle's structural design. As a result, it is very challenging to predict the responses of acceleration-based crash sensors by using computer simulations, especially those installed in crush zones. Therefore, the sensor algorithm developments for acceleration-based sensors are mostly based on physical testing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With the advancement in the crash sensor technology, pressure sensors that detect pressure change in door cavities have been developed recently and production vehicle applications are increasing. The pressure sensors detect pressure change when there is a change in the door volume. Due to the nature of pressure change, the data obtained from side crash pressure sensors exhibits lower frequency and less noisy responses which are quite different from those of the acceleration-based crash sensors. The technology is most promising for side crash applications due to its ability to discriminate crash severities and deploy airbags earlier. The lower frequency and less noisy responses are also more suitable for non-linear finite element codes to predict.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To help understand the responses of pressure sensors and obtain reliable test data for model developments, fourteen different benchmark tests were designed and performed in this research. The first set of benchmark tests included a rectangular steel container with one side being compressed while all other sides were fixed to simulate a piston compression condition. The second set of benchmark tests, a series of eight, involved a rigid impactor or a deformable barrier hitting a rectangular steel box with and without a hole. Different speeds were chosen in the second set of component tests to obtain the corresponding responses. The third set of benchmark tests, a series of five, involved a rigid impactor or a deformable barrier hitting a vehicle side door with different openings. Similar to the second set of the benchmark tests; different speeds were chosen to create different crash severities. Computer simulations for all fourteen benchmark tests were conducted by employing the ALE method as one of the studies in this research. The results obtained from the benchmark tests and the computer simulations are presented and discussed in this paper.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ventricular Tachycardia Around the Tricuspid Annulus in Right Ventricular Dysplasia (2001)

Figure 1. Surface 12-lead ECG tracings during ventricular tachycardia. Note left bundle-branch configuration of QRS, with left axis deviation, suggesting a right inferolateral exit of reentrant circuit.
Vitamin D Metabolites Modulate Osteoblast Activity by Ca+2 Influx-Independent Genomic and Ca+2 Influx-Dependent Nongenomic Pathways (1995)

Previous studies have shown that 1,25(OH)2D3 activates multiple signaling pathways in osteoblasts, including rapid nongenomic and long-term genomic pathways. Genomic pathways are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the steroid receptor superfamily, and involve transcriptional regulation of target genes. Nongenomic pathways involve lipid turnover, activation of Ca+2 channels and elevation of intracellular Ca+2, all of which occur within seconds after addition of seco-steroid. The interaction of other physiological metabolites of vitamin D, such as 24,25(OH)2D3, with target cells such as osteoblasts is much less clear. We have used a combination of electrophysiological, biochemical, molecular and ion tracer studies to dissect the physiological responses of osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) to 1,25(OH)2D3 and related metabolites. We conclude the following: 1) the structural requirements for activation of genomic vs. nongenomic pathways by seco-steroid are distinct and likely to involve separate receptors; 2) activation of rapid nongenomic pathways is independent of the long-term regulation of target genes; and 3) 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 interact at the level of the plasma membrane to regulate Ca+2 permeability. Present studies are aimed toward the understanding of the role of both genomic and nongenomic pathways in osteoblast physiology.
Effects of C–H stretch excitation on the H+CH4 reaction (2005)

We have investigated the effects of C-H stretching excitation on the H+CH4-->CH3+H2 reaction dynamics using the photo-LOC technique. The CH3 product vibrational state and angular distribution are measured for the reaction of fast H atoms with methane excited in either the antisymmetric stretching fundamental (nu3=1) or first overtone (nu3=2) with a center-of-mass collision energy of Ecoll ranging from 1.52 to 2.20 eV. We find that vibrational excitation of the nu3=1 mode enhances the overall reaction cross section by a factor of 3.0+/-1.5 for Ecoll=1.52 eV, and this enhancement factor is approximately constant over the 1.52-2.20-eV collision energy range. A local-mode description of the CH4 stretching vibration, in which the C-H oscillators are uncoupled, is used to describe the observed state distributions. In this model, the interaction of the incident H atom with either a stretched or an unstretched C-H oscillator determines the vibrational state of the CH3 product. We also compare these results to the similar quantities obtained previously for the Cl+CH4-->CH3+HCl reaction at Ecoll=0.16 eV [Z. H. Kim, H. A. Bechtel, and R. N. Zare, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 3232 (2002); H. A. Bechtel, J. P. Camden, D. J. A. Brown, and R. N. Zare, ibid. 120, 5096 (2004)] in an attempt to elucidate the differences in reactivity for the same initially prepared vibration.
Thermopower of Cuprate Superconductors under Hydrostatic Pressure (1996)

Measurements of thermopower versus temperature under hydrostatic pressure are reported for ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ having no charge reservoir and the underdoped ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$, which we demonstrate to have a pressure-induced electron transfer from the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ sheets to the $\mathrm{Cu}(1){\mathrm{O}}_{1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ reservoir planes. The ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ sheets exhibit a thermopower $\ensuremath{\alpha}(T)\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}+\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\alpha}(T)$ in which $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ at room temperature decreases with increasing hole concentration, and $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\alpha}(T)$ is an enhancement having a maximum at ${T}_{\mathrm{max}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}100$--140 K. Correlation between ${\mathrm{dT}}_{c}/dP$ and $d(\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\alpha})/dP$ are discussed.
Nanoscale Semiconductor Plasmon Lasers (2007)

We present several designs for surface-plasmon confined electrically pumped nanoscale semiconductor lasers. We show that low-loss laser nanocavities with subwavelength cavity sizes in all three dimensions are feasible in which threshold gain requirements are easily met with standard semiconductor gain materials.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 9 from Biomarker Analyses from a Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study Evaluating Erlotinib ± Onartuzumab in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: MET Expression Levels Are Predictive of Patient Benefit (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Characterization of SP44 specificity; Figure S2. Relationship of IHC intensity with FACS; Figure S3. Relationship of IHC intensity with mRNA; Figure S4. Representative IHC images; Figure S5 and S6. MET IHC H-scores; Figure S7. Relationship of IHC clinical score with MET copy number; Figure S8. Kaplan-Meier curves of OS according to MET copy number; Figure S9. Relationship of plasma HGF with MET Dx positivity.&lt;/p&gt;
Single-Link Failure Detection in All-Optical Networks Using Monitoring Cycles and Paths (2009)

In this paper, we consider the problem of fault localization in all-optical networks. We introduce the concept of monitoring cycles (MCs) and monitoring paths (MPs) for unique identification of single-link failures. MCs and MPs are required to pass through one or more monitoring locations. They are constructed such that any single-link failure results in the failure of a unique combination of MCs and MPs that pass through the monitoring location(s). For a network with only one monitoring location, we prove that three-edge connectivity is a necessary and sufficient condition for constructing MCs that uniquely identify any single-link failure in the network. For this case, we formulate the problem of constructing MCs as an integer linear program (ILP). We also develop heuristic approaches for constructing MCs in the presence of one or more monitoring locations. For an arbitrary network (not necessarily three-edge connected), we describe a fault localization technique that uses both MPs and MCs and that employs multiple monitoring locations. We also provide a linear-time algorithm to compute the minimum number of required monitoring locations. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed monitoring technique.
Satellite image registration for attitude estimation with a constrained polynomial model (2010)

Satellite image registration has been investigated for several years. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the linear geometry of the satellite's imaging sensor, often consisting of several pushbroom cameras. Each pushbroom camera captures 1-D image and uses straight motion of the satellite to build a 2-D image. Yet, attitude variations of the satellite during the aquisition process can lead to significant distortions in the 2-D image. In this paper, we expose the problem and present a constrained image registration method to estimate the satellite's attitude variations, and thus correct the distorted images. We use a Lucas Kanade framework and a piecewise polynomial model under constraints to deduce the registration equation. The performances of our algorithm are shown on two satellite datasets.
Computer image analysis of comparative genomic hybridization (1995)

We describe and evaluate the image-processing and analysis techniques we have developed for the quantitative analysis of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH; Science 258:818, 1992). In a typical CGH application, two genomic DNA samples are simultaneously hybridized to metaphase chromosomes and detected with different fluorochromes. The primary data in CGH are contained in the intensity ratios of the fluorochromes as a function of position on the chromosomes, which reflect variation in DNA copy number ratio between the two DNA samples. Analysis involves chromosome segmentation, intensity normalization, background corrections, and calculation of the fluorescence intensity profiles and the ratio profile along the chromosome's length. Profiles from several copies of the same chromosome in different metaphases are averaged to reduce the noise. Confidence intervals are calculated and displayed for the mean profiles. The techniques were evaluated by examining the variability found in comparisons of two normal genomic DNAs, where the ratio was expected to be constant, and by measuring the ratios obtained for cell lines with cytogenetically documented copy number changes involving several chromosomal segments. The limits of sensitivity of CGH analysis were investigated by simulation. Guidelines for the interpretation of CGH data and indications of areas for future development of the analytical techniques are also presented.
Ardières‐Morcille in the Beaujolais, France: A research catchment dedicated to study of the transport and impacts of diffuse agricultural pollution in rivers (2021)

Abstract The 8‐km 2 Morcille catchment, which is a sub‐catchment of the 150‐km 2 Ardières catchment in the Beaujolais region of France, is one of the first sites in Europe where research has been conducted on surface water contamination by pesticides. A consolidated hydrological and chemical dataset has been set up with data collected since 2002 on the Morcille River and since 2011 on the Ardières River. Additional data on the ecotoxicological and ecological impacts of pesticides on aquatic microbial communities and macroinvertebrates has also been recorded in both rivers since 2005. The ‘Site Atelier Ardières‐Morcille Dataset’ described here combines rainfall and stream water height measurements at gauged stations with concentrations of two trace elements and nine pesticides (mainly herbicides, fungicides and some of their metabolites) in both the Ardières and Morcille rivers. All contaminant concentration data showed spatial and temporal variability in water quality associated with pesticide use and rainfall patterns. This long‐term monitoring framework made it possible to estimate the persistence of two herbicides (diuron and norflurazon) after legislation banning them. It took 4 years for diuron and more than 10 years for norflurazon concentrations to fall below 0.1 μg/L. Concurrent biological data showed a gradient of impacts consistent with chemical anthropogenic pressure, and rapid recovery of phototrophic microbial communities after the diuron ban. Finally, monitoring data on pesticide transport in a grassed strip set on a slope of the Morcille catchment confirmed that vegetative filter strips can effectively reduce diuron fluxes in surface runoff (&gt;80% abatement) and infiltration water (&gt;70% abatement). The full dataset offers a valuable resource for the validation of hydrological models and the development of global approaches to better understand the pressure–transport–exposure–impact chain and aquatic community resilience at the small catchment scale.
Efficient generation and use of MLP features for Arabic speech recognition (2009)

Front-end features computed using Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) have recently attracted much interest, but are a challenge to scale to large networks and very large training data sets. This paper discusses methods to reduce the training time for the generation of MLP features and their use in an ASR system using a variety of techniques: parallel training of a set of MLPs on different data sub-sets; methods for computing features from by a combination of these networks; and rapid discriminative training of HMMs using MLP-based features. The impact on MLP frame-based accuracy using different training strategies is discussed along with the effect on word rates from incorporating the MLP features in various configurations into an Arabic broadcast audio transcription system.
Enhanced Fluorescence on a Photonic Crystal Surface Incorporating Nanorod Structures (2008)

The emission intensity of is fluorescent dye molecules is increased by over two orders of magnitude through the combined effects of enhanced near fields produced by a 1D photonic crystal slab and enhanced surface area provided by a nanorod-structured TiO2 film (see image).
Abstract A63: Whole-genome CRISPR/CAS9 screen using patient samples reveals JunB as a unique genetic liability (2020)

Abstract Background: Epithelial ovarian cancers are the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American women, with a five-year overall survival rate for patients diagnosed at advanced stages of less than 30%. High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), the most common histologic subtype, often initially responds to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, over 80% of patients experience chemoresistant recurrence in advanced-stage disease. Methods: We have established over 40 patient-derived HGSOC cell lines from ascites of patients with recurrences and hypothesized that these refractory HGSOC cell lines may each possess genetic liabilities and be dependent on unique pathways for survival that can be identified using an unbiased screening approach for the development of personalized therapies. In one such example, we identified candidate genes that are uniquely essential to a single HGSOC patient (ptD), as proof of concept, using a genome-wide lentiviral sgRNA library, containing 187,536 sgRNAs targeting 18,543 protein-coding human genes and 1,504 nontargeting control sgRNAs in a Cas9-containing vector. Results: The unbiased CRISPR screen identified BRAF (p=2E-6) as a specific susceptibility of ptD, confirming the known oncogene addiction of this primary cell line carrying a V600E mutation, as well as a significant sensitivity to JUNB deletion (p=6E-6). Knockout of the JUNB gene, using lentiviruses expressing guide RNAs and Cas9 protein targeted to JUNB, repressed cell proliferation in vitro in ptD cells but not other primary cell lines. Moreover, in a xenograft mouse model, JUNB KO ptD cells displayed slower tumor growth than control JUNB WT cells. Conclusion: We have confirmed in a single patient cell line our ability to identify and validate unique genetic liabilities, suggesting the approach can be scaled to rapidly screen primary HGSOC samples for personalized therapy. Citation Format: Nobuhiro Takahashi, Heather Keys, Raghav Mohan, Lihua Zhang, Yi Li, Hatice D. Saatcioglu, Nicholas Nagykery, Patricia K. Donahoe, David Sabatini, David Pépin. Whole-genome CRISPR/CAS9 screen using patient samples reveals JunB as a unique genetic liability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr A63.
Accumulation of Localized Electrons in Sn Doped InSb/AlxIn1−xSb Quantum Wells (2010)

We examined the role of localized electrons in the accumulation layer of Sn-doped InSb quantum wells (QWs) with various wellwidths (Lw=15∼150nm). At liquid He temperatures, the samples with the sheet resistance ρ>ρc=h/e2 for Lw<30nm exhibit the variable-range hopping (VRH), while those with ρ<ρcforLw>50nm exhibit weak localization (WL), where ρc is the quantum resistance. In particular, a part of the electrons (with density of Nstr=8×1010cm−2) from Sn donors are trapped at the interface states at low temperatures below 77 K. In the WL regime, we observed the small positive magnetoresistance (MR) peak arising from the weak anti-localization (WAL) in the presence of spin-orbit interaction (SOI). In contrast to the WAL in WL regime, the low-field MR in the VRH regime remains entirely negative surviving the SOI, indicating that the hopping MR due to the quantum interference (QI) is completely negative regardless of the SOI. This result supports the predictions based on the directed-path approach for forward-scattering paths ignoring the back-scattering return loops for the QI in the VRH.
Activity of huC242-DM4, an antibody-cytotoxic agent conjugate, used in combination with anti-neoplastic agents against gastric cancer cells in culture (2007)

A127 HuC242-DM4 is a humanized monoclonal antibody, huC242, covalently linked via a disulfide bond to DM4, a potent microtubule-destabilizing derivative of maytansine. HuC242 binds to CanAg, a tumor-associated carbohydrate-dependent epitope overexpressed on gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancerous tissues. HuC242-DM4 currently is in Phase II testing for the treatment of gastric cancer. We examined the in vitro activity of huC242-DM4 against CanAg-positive SNU16 gastric cancer cells when separately combined with cisplatin, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil or docetaxel. The gastric cancer cells were exposed continuously to huC242-DM4 in combination with one of these four agents for 5 days. The cytotoxic effects were then examined using an assay that measures inhibition of cell proliferation (WST-8). The results were analyzed by Median Effect analysis (T.C. Chou, Adv. Enzyme Regul 22, p.27-55, 1984) using CompuSyn software. Each drug combination was tested in three to four independent experiments. We found that the combination of huC242-DM4 and docetaxel was synergistic in killing SNU16 cells, huC242-DM4 with 5- fluorouracil produced an additive cytotoxic effect, and huC242-DM4 with cisplatin was antagonistic. Replacement of cisplatin by oxaliplatin decreased the degree of antagonism. We found that docetaxel was synergistic in vitro and in vivo with another antibody-maytansinoid conjugate, huN901-DM1, against the SW2 small cell lung carcinoma cell line, suggesting that this synergy of these two microtubule-targeting agents could be of a more general nature. The experiments warrant further study of these drug combinations in in vivo models and in clinical trials.