gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Shock Precompression on the Critical Diameter of Liquid Explosives (2005)

The critical diameter of both ambient and shock‐precompressed liquid nitromethane confined in PVC tubing are measured experimentally. The experiment was conducted for both amine sensitized and neat NM. In the precompression experiments, the explosive is compressed by a strong shock wave generated by a donor explosive and reflected from a high impedance anvil prior to being detonated by a secondary event. The pressures reached in the test sections prior to detonation propagation was approximately 7 and 8 GPa for amine sensitized and neat NM respectively. The results demonstrated a 30% – 65% decrease in the critical diameter for the shock‐compressed explosives. This critical diameter decrease is observed despite a significant decrease in the predicted Von Neumann temperature of the detonation in the precompressed explosive. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical predictions based on thermal ignition theory and previous critical diameter measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydrofuran Amino Acids — Versatile Building Blocks for Unnatural Biopolymers: Lack of Secondary Structure in Oligomeric Carbopeptoids Derived from a D‐galacto‐5‐(aminomethyl)tetrahydrofuran‐2‐carboxylic Acid. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the application of laser shock peening for retardation of surface fatigue cracks in laser beam‐welded AA6056 (2020)

Abstract The present study aims to investigate the extent to which the fatigue behaviour of laser beam‐welded AA6056‐T6 butt joints with an already existing crack can be improved through the application of laser shock peening. Ultrasonic testing was utilized for in situ (nondestructive) measurement of fatigue crack growth during the fatigue test. This procedure allowed the preparation of welded specimens with surface fatigue cracks with a depth of approximately 1.2 mm. The precracked specimens showed a 20% reduction in the fatigue limit compared with specimens without cracks in the as‐welded condition. Through the application of laser shock peening on the surfaces of the precracked specimens, it was possible to recover the fatigue life to the level of the specimens tested in the as‐welded condition. The results of this study show that laser shock peening is a very promising technique to recover the fatigue life of welded joints with surface cracks, which can be detected by nondestructive testing.
A four‐gene methylation marker panel as triage test in high‐risk human papillomavirus positive patients (2011)

Cervical neoplasia-specific biomarkers, e.g. DNA methylation markers, with high sensitivity and specificity are urgently needed to improve current population-based screening on (pre)malignant cervical neoplasia. We aimed to identify new cervical neoplasia-specific DNA methylation markers and to design and validate a methylation marker panel for triage of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) positive patients. First, high-throughput quantitative methylation-specific PCRs (QMSP) on a novel OpenArray™ platform, representing 424 primers of 213 cancer specific methylated genes, were performed on frozen tissue samples from 84 cervical cancer patients and 106 normal cervices. Second, the top 20 discriminating methylation markers were validated by LightCycler® MSP on frozen tissue from 27 cervical cancer patients and 20 normal cervices and ROCs and test characteristics were assessed. Three new methylation markers were identified (JAM3, EPB41L3 and TERT), which were subsequently combined with C13ORF18 in our four-gene methylation panel. In a third step, our methylation panel detected in cervical scrapings 94% (70/74) of cervical cancers, while in a fourth step 82% (32/39) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or higher (CIN3+) and 65% (44/68) CIN2+ were detected, with 21% positive cases for ≤CIN1 (16/75). Finally, hypothetical scenario analysis showed that primary hr-HPV testing combined with our four-gene methylation panel as a triage test resulted in a higher identification of CIN3 and cervical cancers and a higher percentage of correct referrals compared to hr-HPV testing in combination with conventional cytology. In conclusion, our four-gene methylation panel might provide an alternative triage test after primary hr-HPV testing.
Glutathione Is the Resolving Thiol for Thioredoxin Peroxidase Activity of 1-Cys Peroxiredoxin Without Being Consumed During the Catalytic Cycle (2015)

A 1-Cys peroxide scavenging mechanism operates in yeast mitochondria involving an autonomous glutathione molecule and the thioredoxin system, which could have universal validity. Prx1p is fairly well protected from overoxidation, questioning its role in a floodgate mechanism for H2O2 signaling.
Abstract A210: Mechanism of action of MM-151, a potent mixture of three human antibody antagonists targeting EGFR. (2011)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key regulator of cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. However, the clinical benefits of EGFR targeted agents such as erlotinib and cetuximab have been modest. Using Merrimack's Network Biology platform, a computational systems analysis was performed to identify how best to inhibit signaling through the EGFR-ERK network. These simulations predicted that enhanced inhibition is required to overcome the robust signal amplification inherent to this network and is best achieved through treatment with a combination of at least two noncompetitive ligand antagonists. The MM-151 therapeutic was developed to achieve the simulated design criteria and consists of a mixture of three fully human monoclonal antibodies directed against distinct non-overlapping epitopes in EGFR. Detailed in vitro and on-cell binding experiments, supported by computational simulations, with single component antibodies and their monovalent Fab variants, display a rich complexity of antibody affinity and avidity. All three antibodies are shown to have subnanomolar monovalent affinity to EGFR but to vary in the degree to which they functionally crosslink receptor (two antibodies display high avidity while the third has weak avidity). Ligand competition experiments with saturating antibody concentrations (EC90 of on-cell binding) demonstrate that two of the antibodies are each complete ligand antagonists while the third antibody is a partial (approx. 25%) antagonist. When combined into the MM-151 mixture, these antibodies simultaneously engage and robustly crosslink receptor to form a highly antagonistic therapeutic. Treatment of human tumor-derived cell lines with MM-151 elicits complete inhibition of ligand-mediated ERK signaling over a wide range of both EGF receptor density (as high as 2×10∘6 receptors per cell in the A431 cell line) and ligand burden (8 and 80nM EGF). In contrast, monoclonal EGFR targeted therapeutics, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, as well as oligoclonal inhibitors similar to MM-151, show weaker or even no effect on ERK signaling under similar conditions. Furthermore, the potency of monovalent MM-151 (Fab variants) is diminished in EGF mediated EGFR and ERK signaling, highlighting the importance of receptor crosslinking through antibody avidity as a determinant of efficacy. Together, these data demonstrate that MM-151 is a potent inhibitor of the EGFR-ERK signaling axis with the potential of improved efficacy over current EGFR targeted therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A210.
Human Tumor Xenografts Recurring after Radiotherapy Are More Sensitive to Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Treatment than Treatment-Naive Tumors (2007)

The effects of antiangiogenic therapy on tumors relapsing after irradiation are not known. To this end, we irradiated human tumors growing s.c. in nude mice with a single dose of 20 or 30 Gy. Compared with primary (treatment-naive) xenografts, the growth rate of recurrent tumors was 1.6-fold slower, which is consistent with the known "tumor bed effect." For similar size tumors, recurrences had fewer functional vessels, a reduced vessel coverage by perivascular cells, and were more necrotic. Placenta growth factor concentration was significantly lower in relapses, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were similar between primary and recurrent tumors. On the other hand, fibrillar collagen deposition was significantly increased in recurrent tumors. This radiation-induced fibrosis was partially responsible for the slower growth of recurrences; the i.t. injection of collagenase increased the growth rate of tumor relapses without affecting primary tumor growth. The mouse-specific VEGF receptor 2-blocking antibody DC101 induced a 2.2-fold longer growth delay in recurrent tumors compared with treatment-naive tumors. DC101 significantly decreased the interstitial fluid pressure and did not change the functional vessel density and perivascular cell coverage in both tumor variants. Interestingly, DC101 induced a rapid (2 days after treatment initiation) and significant decrease in tumor cell proliferation in recurrent but not in primary tumors. Thus, our results show that the stromal compartment and the response to antiangionenic therapy of primary and in-field recurrent tumors are significantly different. Our findings suggest that antiangiogenic agents could be effective in the treatment of patients with relapses after radiotherapy.
EVALUATION OF RAINFALL THRESHOLDS THROUGH ENTROPY: INFLUENCE OF BIVARIATE DISTRIBUTION SELECTION (2013)

ABSTRACT Floods cause severe damage worldwide in terms of human injury and have severe economic consequences, causing landslides, road accidents and inundation of agricultural areas. Non‐structural flood protection strategies offer the possibility to protect the land, preventing flood event effects. In particular, early warning systems can inform of flood occurrences. These systems can be based on the evaluation of a rainfall threshold value that is the rainfall amount that determines a critical discharge in a given river cross‐section. The alert is issued if the observed or forecast rainfall equals the threshold value without the support of online real‐time rainfall–runoff forecasting systems. The critical rainfall threshold values are evaluated by a probabilistic methodology, considering the joint cumulative distribution of cumulated rainfall and the corresponding peak discharge, for different durations. To estimate the joint distributions two approaches are considered: the meta‐Gaussian and the copula functions. The rainfall threshold values are estimated for the Mignone River basin (Italy). Results show that both joint distribution functions perform well in estimating the rainfall threshold values, as found from reliability analysis. In particular, the copula‐based approach leads to issuing the alert in advance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Isomeric equilibria of 1‐Methylamino‐2‐nitroethene (1995)

Abstract The solvent and concentration dependence of the isomeric equilibria of 1‐methylamino‐2‐niroethene were studied by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The results are used for clarification of the controversy regarding the content of the E form in CDCI 3 solution, correcting an earlier suggestion concerning the stereochemical assignments around the C‐1N bond in the E form and verification of the values of the olefinic one bond proton—carbon spin—spin coupling constants, 1 J (C,H), reported recently. An unambiguous means of assigning the stereochemistry around the C‐1N bond in the E isomer is suggested, based on using the complementary information from 3 J (C‐2,NH) and 3 J (H‐1,NH), in addition to the 3 J (Me,H‐1) vicinal coupling constant.
Understanding and Exploiting Network Traffic Redundancy (2007)

Abstract — The Internet carries a vast amount and a wide range of content. Some of this content is more popular, and accessed more frequently, than others. The popularity of content could be quite ephemeral- e.g., a Web flash crowd- or much more permanent- e.g., google.com’s banner. A direct consequence of the skew in popularity is that, at any time, a fraction of the information carried over the Internet is redundant. We make two contributions in this paper. First, we study the fundamental properties of the redundancy in the information carried over the Internet, with a focus on network edges. We collect traffic traces at two network edge locations – a large university’s access link serving roughly 50,000 users, and a tier-1 ISP network link connected to a large data center. We conduct several analyses over this data: What fraction of bytes are redundant? What is the frequency at which strings of bytes repeat across different packets? What is the overlap in the information accessed by distinct groups of end-users? Second, we leverage our measurement observations in the design of a family mechanisms for eliminating redundancy in network traffic and improving the overall network performance. The mechanisms we proposed can improve the available capacity of single network links as well as balance load across multiple network links. I.
Interactive Proofs for Rounding Arithmetic (2022)

Interactive proofs are a type of verifiable computing that secures the integrity of computations. The need is increasing as more computations are outsourced to untrusted parties, e.g., cloud computing platforms. Existing techniques, however, have mainly focused on exact computations, but not approximate arithmetic (e.g., floating-point or fixed-point arithmetic). This makes it hard to apply them to certain types of computations (e.g., machine learning or financial applications) that inherently require approximate arithmetic. In this paper, we present an efficient interactive proof system for arithmetic circuits with rounding gates that can represent approximate arithmetic. The main idea is to reduce the rounding gate into a small sub-circuit without rounding, and reuse the machinery of the Goldwasser, Kalai, and Rothblum’s protocol (also known as the GKR protocol) and its recent refinements. Specifically, we shift the algebraic structure from a field to a ring to better deal with the notion of “digits”, and generalize the original GKR protocol over a ring. Then, we reduce the rounding operation to a low-degree polynomial over a ring, and develop a novel, optimal circuit construction of an arbitrary polynomial to transform the rounding polynomial to an optimal circuit representation. Moreover, further optimization on the proof generation cost for rounding is presented employing a Galois ring. Our experimental results show the efficiency of our protocol for approximate arithmetic, e.g., the implementation performed two orders of magnitude better than the existing system for a nested 128 by 128 matrix multiplication of depth 12 on the 16-bit fixed-point arithmetic.
Bi-specific TCR anti-CD3 fusion for the immunotherapy of malignant melanoma (156.16) (2011)

Abstract The human immune system can theoretically identify malignant cells by ‘scanning’ peptide antigens presented on the cell surface by Class I HLA molecules, and indeed many cancer patients generate CD8 cyto-toxic T cell responses to tumour-specific antigens. However, the majority of patients fail to clear tumours, since T cell avidity for self-antigens tends to be weak, and cancer cells employ escape mechanisms for avoiding destruction by T cells. We have engineered novel, bi-functional protein therapeutics termed ImmTACs which re-direct the immune system to target and destroy tumour cells with a high degree of potency and specificity. IMCgp100 comprises a soluble, high affinity T cell Receptor specific for the HLA-A2 presented melanoma-associated epitope gp100 280-288, fused to an anti-CD3 scFv domain. The anti-CD3 moiety activates a polyclonal T cell response when targeted to melanoma cells presenting as few as twenty gp100 epitopes, predominantly through activation of effector memory CD8 lymphocytes, leading to killing of the tumour cells. Extensive in vitro testing of IMCgp100 with a panel of tumour cells and normal human tissue cells demonstrates pico-Molar potency against cancer cells and specificity for HLA-A2 gp100 positive cells. The agent is able to inhibit tumour growth in mouse xenograft models. A phase I dose-escalation trial in late stage melanoma patients was initiated in October 2010 and interim results will be presented at this meeting.
Cerivastatin and atorvastatin inhibit IL-3-dependent differentiation and IgE-mediated histamine release in human basophils and downmodulate expression of the basophil-activation antigen CD203c/E-NPP3 (2003)

Recent data suggest that the statins, apart from their lipid-lowering activity, exhibit profound anti-inflammatory effects. Basophils are major proinflammatory effector cells in diverse pathologic reactions. We have examined the in vitro effects of five different statins on primary human basophils, their progenitors, and the basophil cell line KU-812. Preincubation of blood basophils with cerivastatin or atorvastatin (0.1-100 microM) for 24 h reduced their capacity to release histamine on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. These statins also inhibited IgE-dependent up-regulation of the basophil-activation antigen CD203c. Moreover, both statins suppressed interleukin-3-induced differentiation of basophils from their progenitors as well as (3)H-thymidine uptake in KU-812 cells. All inhibitory effects of cerivastatin and atorvastatin were reversed by mevalonic acid (200 microM). The other statins tested (lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin) did not show significant inhibitory effects on basophils. Together, these data identify cerivastatin and atorvastatin as novel inhibitors of growth and activation of human basophils.
1,2,6-Thiadiazin-3,5(2H,6H)-dione 1,1-dioxide derivatives: crystal structure, physico-chemical and biological properties (1987)

Crystal structure, 1 H and 13 C nmr spectroscopy and pK a measurements of 1,2,6-thiadiazin-3,5(2H,6H)-dione derivatives related with phenylbutazone are reported. An anomalous variation in the pK a values of compounds 1,2, and 3 has been observed. Antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of these compounds have been evaluated.
Figure S2 from Preneoplastic Alterations Define CLL DNA Methylome and Persist through Disease Progression and Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Methylation landscape of CD5 positive and negative naïve and memory B cells is highly similar&lt;/p&gt;
Riorganizzazione della rete vascolare retinica in seguito ad ipertensione oculare acuta sperimentale (2011)

Le modificazioni qualitative e quantitative delle alterazioni vascolari retiniche dei plessi sono state descritte sia in retine intere che in sezioni traverse del calice ottico. In particolare, in fluorangiografie di retine di animali iniettati con FITC si è misurata la lunghezza e le dimensioni delle strutture vasali effettivamente perfuse. Per mezzo della immunolocalizzazione del marcatore degli astrociti GFAP, oltre a confermare il sensibile incrmenento di espressione di questa proteina, indicatore dello stress cellulare, si è dimostrato il suo alto livello nelle cellule di Müller. Infine, il fattore pro-angiogenico VEGF è risultato essere particolarmente espresso dai neuroni dello strato di cellule ganglionari, sia in condizioni normali che negli occhi dopo iniezione di metilcellulosa e svolgendo quindi una funzione di sopravvivenza.
Recent Progress in Steady State Fusion Using D-3He (2003)

The University of Wisconsin (UW) inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) facility has made significant progress since 2000. The operating voltage has doubled to 160 kV. The neutron production rate has increased by a factor of 2, from 4.9 x 107/s to 1.1 x 108s-1. The D-3He proton production rate has increased by, a factor of over 40. In addition new diagnostics have been developed, including a method to determine the spatial distribution of fusion reactions A new water cooled stainless steel chamber for higher power and lower pressure has been put into operation. Medical isotopes have been produced in an IEC device for the first time.
Estimation of Weibull parameters of fiber strength by tensile-test of the bundle. (1987)

Using the strength date of individual fiber fracture caused by the tensile-test of the bundle, a method for estimating the Weibull parameters has been proposed. This method has shown that the weakest fiber fractures firstly in a bundle, and the strength of the fractured fiber scatters by trying the bundle-test several times. That is to say, the strength is a random variable based on the concept of the order statistics, so the likelihood functions and equations necessary to estimate the Weibull parameters can be found on the condition that the fiber strength is given by a single or multi-modal Weibull distribution function. A bundle composed of ten boron fibers was tensile-tested, and the fiber strength equivalent to the first failure was calculated. The result is that the Weibull parameters estimated by the present method were almost in good agreement with the parameters obtained from the single-filament tests. To investigate the accuracy of the Weibull estimates, the present method was additionally compared with the method proposed by Chi, etc., from the simulation data on the basis of the Monte-Carlo method.
Budgeted online influence maximization (2020)

We introduce a new budgeted framework for on-line influence maximization, considering the total cost of an advertising campaign instead of the common cardinality constraint on a chosen influ-encer set. Our approach models better the real-world setting where the cost of influencers varies and advertizers want to find the best value for their overall social advertising budget. We propose an algorithm assuming an independent cascade diffusion model and edge-level semi-bandit feedback, and provide both theoretical and experimental results. Our analysis is also valid for the cardinality-constraint setting and improves the state of the art regret bound in this case.
Enhanced localized fluorescence in plasmonic nanoantennae (2008)

Pairs of gold elliptical nanoparticles form antennae, resonant in the visible. A dye, embedded in a dielectric host, coats the antennae; its emission excites plasmon resonances in the antennae and is enhanced. Far-field excitation of the dye-nanoantenna system shows a wavelength-dependent increase in fluorescence that reaches 100 times enhancement. Near-field excitation shows enhanced fluorescence from a single nanoantenna localized in a subwavelength area of ∼0.15μm2. The polarization of enhanced emission is along the main antenna axis. These observed experimental results are important for increasing light extraction from emitters localized around antennae and for potential development of a subwavelength sized laser.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic Hetero(3,3) Rearrangements. N‐Acylhydroxylamine O‐Carbamates to α‐Amino Acids: A New Method for Introduction of Amino Groups at the α‐Position of Carboxylic Acids. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.