gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regularized phantom-free construction of local attenuation coefficient slope maps for quantitative ultrasound imaging (2020)

Constructing an attenuation map based on local attenuation coefficient slope (ACS) in quantitative ultrasound (QUS) has shown potential in the diagnosis of liver steatosis. Detecting tumors in the liver and differentiating abnormalities in tissues are some other applications for these maps. In this work, we considered the construction of semantic parametric maps and a recent method providing a phantom-free estimation of local ACS. The main goal was to propose a methodology for constructing regularized phantom-free local ACS maps based on this framework. The proposed method was tested on two tissue mimicking (#1 and #2) with different attenuation: i) homogeneous phantoms; and ii) side-by-side phantoms. Modifications brought to previous works include: a) a linear interpolation of the power spectrum in log-scale; b) the relaxation of the underlying hypothesis on the diffraction factor; c) a generalization to nonhomogeneous local ACS; and d) an adaptive restriction of frequencies to a more reliable range for this purpose than the usable frequency range. The regularization was formulated as generalized LASSO, and a variant of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was applied to estimate the Lagrangian multiplier on the LASSO constraint. Ultrasound acquisitions were performed with a Verasonics Vantage 256 scanner (Redmond, WA) using an ATL L7-4 probe (Philips, Bothell, WA) driven at 5 MHz, using 21 angles (-5° to 5°) compounding. In this work, power spectra were averaged over 25 scanlines, each spanning 10 pulse lengths. i) On homogeneous phantoms, normalized root mean squared errors (NRMSE) were (in %): #1) 8.9 ± 3.6; #2) 7.0 ± 1.6. Without regularization, the phantom-free method yielded NRMSEs of: #1) 19.1 ± 2.1; #2) 11.5 ± 1.0. ii) On phantoms with side-by-side media, NRMSEs were: #1) 32.3 ± 8.5; #2) 10.3 ± 6.8. Without regularization, NRMSEs were #1) 35.1 ± 8.7; #2) 13.2 ± 5.2. The contrast-to-noise-ratio was 4.4 ± 1.7 (no units) with regularization, and 2.6 ± 0.6 without it. Future work should address the problem of boundaries between distinct media (tissues).
Genetic algorithms with adaptive parameters for phased array synthesis (2004)

Motivated by Darwin's theories of evolution and the concept of "survival of the fittest", genetic algorithms are commonly used to solve many optimization and synthesis problems. An important issue facing the user is the selection of genetic algorithm parameters, such as mutation rate, mutation range, and number of crossovers. The paper demonstrates a genetic algorithm that simultaneously adapts these parameters during the optimization process, which is shown to outperform its best static counterpart when used to synthesize phased array weights to satisfy a specified far field sidelobe envelope. When compared to conventional static parameter implementations, computation time is saved in two ways: (1) the algorithm converges faster; (2) the need to tune parameters by hand (generally done by repeatedly running the code with different parameter choices) is reduced.
Defining T Cell Tissue Residency in Humans: Implications for HIV Pathogenesis and Vaccine Design (2020)

Investigations using animal models and human tissues have identified a T<sub>RM</sub> transcriptional profile and elucidated signals within the tissue microenvironment leading to T<sub>RM</sub> development and maintenance. T<sub>RM</sub> are major contributors to host response in infectious diseases and cancer; in addition, T<sub>RM</sub> contribute to pathogenic inflammation in a variety of settings. Although T<sub>RM</sub> are daunting to study in HIV infection, recent work has helped define their molecular signatures and effector functions and tested strategies for their mobilization. Exclusive reliance on blood sampling to gain an understanding of host immunity overlooks the contribution of T<sub>RM</sub>, which differ in significant ways from their counterparts in circulation. It is hoped that greater understanding of these cells will lead to novel approaches to prevent and/or eradicate HIV infection.
A Novel Role of Cytosolic Protein Synthesis Inhibition in Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity (2013)

Ototoxicity is a main dose-limiting factor in the clinical application of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Despite longstanding research efforts, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying aminoglycoside ototoxicity remains limited. Here we report the discovery of a novel stress pathway that contributes to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell degeneration. Modifying the previously developed bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging method, we used click chemistry to study the role of protein synthesis activity in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell stress. We demonstrate that aminoglycosides inhibit protein synthesis in hair cells and activate a signaling pathway similar to ribotoxic stress response, contributing to hair cell degeneration. The ability of a particular aminoglycoside to inhibit protein synthesis and to activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway correlated well with its ototoxic potential. Finally, we report that a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug known to inhibit ribotoxic stress response also prevents JNK activation and improves hair cell survival, opening up novel strategies to prevent and treat aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
New anticancer drugs derived from plant hormones (2008)

Research focused on the primary mechanism of action of plant hormones cytokinins (N6-substituted adenine derivatives) in cell division cycle has showed that natural plant cytokinins are also rather non-specific inhibitors of various protein kinases. Surprisingly, among aromatic cytokinin derivatives, we have discovered a compound, 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-methylpurine, named „olomoucine“ (OC), which specifically inhibits some cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) at micromolar concentration. The total lack of the inhibitory effect of olomoucine on major kinases, such as cAMP- and cGMP-dependent kinases, protein kinase C, and others, suggests that OC might be a useful tool for cell cycle regulation studies. Finally, we have tested olomoucine and related analogues on different tumour cell lines. The average OC concentration that causes 50% growth inhibition is 1–60.6µM. The design and inhibitory activity of OC was further improved by modifications at positions 2, 6, and 9. This led to discovery of novel specific CDK inhibitors named roscovitine, olomoucine II and purvalanol A, which display an enhanced inhibitory activity toward CDK1, a higher selectivity toward some CDKs, an increased antimitotic activity at the G1/S and G2/M points of the cell cycle, and stronger and more selective antitumour effects. The compounds are also effective in vivo and one of them is already in clinical trials in USA and Europe (roscovitine → Seliciclib®, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals Ltd, U.K.). Seliciclib® is currently in Phase IIb clinical trials as a single therapy in multiple myeloma and also in patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Recently, we also discovered unusual activity of natural brassinosteroids.
Achieving the impossible: the unlikely beginnings of the composite aeroplane seat (2015)

The aeronautical sector is known for being a hi-tech area where teams of engineers design highly complex wing profiles and engines with unparalleled reliability. By contrast, the passenger-side of the aircraft, the cabin, seems to be technologically less advanced. There are plastic partitions‚ basic floor coverings‚ metal seat structures partially covered in plastic moulds‚ fragile tray tables‚ and screens with applications which are always out-of-date. The very strict regulatory framework and conservatism of airline companies, as well as the current oligopoly, strongly limit innovation in this area. Rather naively‚ in 2011 three engineers decided to design a passenger airline seat made from composite materials and titanium. This seat is much lighter than the usual seat and reduces fuel consumption by 3 to 5 %. Because they did not know that it was impossible to do it‚ they did it
Electron emitter pulsed-type cylindrical IEC (2002)

Summary form only given. A cylindrical version of the single grid inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device (termed the C-device) has been developed for use as a 2.5-MeV D-D fusion neutron source for neutron activation analysis. The c-device employs a hollow-tube type cathode with similar anodes backed up by "reflector" dishes. The resulting discharge differs from a conventional hollow cathode discharge, by creating an explicit ion beam which is "pinched" in the cathode region. Resulting fusion reactions generate /spl sim/10/sup 6/ neutron/s. A pulsed version is under development for applications requiring higher fluxes. Several pulsing techniques are under study, including an electron emitter (e-emitter) assisted discharge in a thorated tungsten wire emitter located behind a slotted area in the reflector dishes.
Identification of helicopter noise using a neural network (1992)

Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the ability of an artificial neural network (ANN) system to distinguish between the noise of two helicopters. The ANN is taught to identify helicopters by using two types of features: one that is associated with the ratio of the main-rotor to tail-rotor blade passage frequency (BPF), and the ohter that describes the distribution of peaks in the main-rotor spectrum, which is independent of the tail-rotor. It is shown that the ability of the ANN to identify helicopters is comparable to that of a conventional recognition system using the ratio of the main-rotor BPF to the tail-rotor BPF (when both the main- and the tail-rotor noise are present), but the performoance of ANN exceeds the conventional-method performance when the tail-rotor noise is absent. In addition, the results of ANN can be obtained as a function of propagation distance.
Hydrogen Bonds:  First Quantitative Agreement between Electrostatic Potential Calculations from Experimental X−(X + N) and Theoretical ab Initio SCF Models (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHydrogen Bonds: First Quantitative Agreement between Electrostatic Potential Calculations from Experimental X−(X + N) and Theoretical ab Initio SCF ModelsE. Espinosa, C. Lecomte, N. E. Ghermani, J. Devémy, M. M. Rohmer, M. Bénard, and E. MolinsView Author Information Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Modélisation des Matériaux Minéraux et Biologiques, LCM3B, URA CNRS 809 Faculté des Sciences, BP 239 Université Henri Poincaré-Nancy 1 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cédex, France Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, UPR 139 CNRS Université Louis Pasteur, 4 Rue B. Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg, FranceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10, 2501–2502Publication Date (Web):March 13, 1996Publication History Received18 September 1995Revised18 January 1996Published online13 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953193chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953193crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Deformation,Electron density,Electrostatic potential,Peptides and proteins,Theoretical models Get e-Alerts
Innovative devices for advanced heart failure (2015)

Novel device therapies for advanced heart failure continue to show promising clinical results. Randomized controlled trials are still needed to better evaluate their efficacy. Nevertheless, it can be anticipated that at least several of these devices will be among the armamentarium of treatment options for advanced heart failure in the future.
The ABRF-MIRG'02 study: assembly state, thermodynamic, and kinetic analysis of an enzyme/inhibitor interaction. (2003)

Fully characterizing the interactions involving biomolecules requires information on the assembly state, affinity, kinetics, and thermodynamics associated with complex formation. The analytical technologies often used to measure biomolecular interactions include analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In order to evaluate the capabilities of core facilities to implement these technologies, the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF) Molecular Interactions Research Group (MIRG) developed a standardized model system and distributed it to a panel of AUC, ITC, and SPR operators. The model system was composed of a well-characterized enzyme-inhibitor pair, namely bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) and 4-carboxybenzenesulfonamide (CBS). Study participants were asked to measure one or more of the following: (1) the molecular mass, homogeneity, and assembly state of CA II by AUC; (2) the affinity and thermodynamics for complex formation by ITC; and (3) the affinity and kinetics of complex formation by SPR. The results from this study provide a benchmark for comparing the capabilities of individual laboratories and for defining the utility of the different instrumentation.
Charge transport in hexagonal columnar liquid crystals self-organized from supramolecular cylinders based on acene-functionalized dendrons (2003)

We report measurements of time-of-flight charge carrier mobility and thermal optical polarized microscopy on a new class of hexagonal columnar $({\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{h})$ liquid crystals (LC) self-organized from supramolecular cylinders self-assembled from acene functionalized dendrons. We discuss the temperature and electric field-independent high hole mobility of $1--3.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}/\mathrm{V}\mathrm{}\mathrm{s}$ of fluorinated tapered first generation dendrons that contain pyrene and naphthalene groups in their core and self-assemble into supramolecular nanocylinders. The anomalous temperature behavior of the mobility is consistent with polaron transport mechanisms. Studies of time-of-flight transients, which reveal evidence for dynamic defects with lifetimes in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\mathrm{s},$ are presented as aspects of charge generation and recombination kinetics.
High Temperature Performance of Surface-Treated Li[sub 1.1](Ni[sub 0.15]Co[sub 0.1]Mn[sub 0.55])O[sub 1.95] Layered Oxide (2010)

The electrochemical performance of pristine and AlF3-coated Li1.1Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55O1.95 cathodes is reported for cells cycled at 25 and 55 degrees C. In a half-cell configuration, a nanolayer coating of AlF3 on the Li1.1Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55O1.95 stabilizes the capacity on cycling. However, in cell tests with metallic lithium anodes, the initial coulombic efficiency decreased slightly at both 25 and 55 degrees C for AlF3-coated Li1.1Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55O1.95 in comparison to the pristine material. For cells constructed with graphite instead of lithium anodes, the capacity stability improved with cycling for the coated cathode materials. Transition- metal dissolution was more pronounced for the AlF3-coated sample when stored at 55 degrees C in electrolytes. For both the pristine and AlF3-coated samples, there was no extra capacity loss due to the elevated temperature. Around 10% capacity gain of the cathode materials at elevated temperature is assumed to be due to improved thermodynamic activation. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3467855] All rights reserved.
Near infrared light interaction with lung cancer cells (2011)

The objective of this study is to explore the phenomenology of near infrared (NIR) light interaction with healthy and early-lung cancer by combining efficient polarimetric backscattering detection techniques with Polarimetric Exploratory Data Analysis (pEDA). Preliminary results indicate that enhanced discrimination signatures can be obtained for certain types of lung cancers.
Generalized semi-Markov decision processes (1979)

Various authors have derived the necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality in semi-Markov decision processes in which the state remains constant between jumps. In this paper similar results are presented for a generalized semi-Markov decision process in which the state varies between jumps according to a Markov process with continuous sample paths. These results are specialized to a general storage model and an application to the service rate control in a GI/G /1 queue is indicated.
Multiphase voltage-mode hysteretic controlled VRM with DSP control and novel current sharing (2003)

Applying the voltage-mode hysteretic control to multiphase voltage regulator modules (VRMs) can satisfy many of the new and future generation of microprocessors and IC powering requirements. This is because of the numerous advantages that can be obtained when both techniques are used. However, several challenges arise that include current sharing, multiphase control signals distribution, high-speed comparators noise sensitivity, hysteretic band accuracy and stability, VRM operation startup, and the stability of the controller operation at large load transients. Addressing these challenges cannot be easily achieved using analog and discrete components but rather DSP can be used to solve these problems. In this paper, multiphase voltage-mode hysteretic controlled VRM with DSP control and novel current sharing is proposed.
Recursive Partitioning Search Space Pruning Using Split Cost Prediction (2019)

One of the innovations in H.265/HEVC is the quad-tree partitioning framework. It allows flexible block subdivision and mode allocation across the encoded picture. The increased flexibility comes at a cost of vast search space expansion, making exhaustive search algorithms inapplicable. We propose a novel early termination condition to skip the exhaustive search of whole tree-branches in the well-established top-down encoding approach. The condition is based on a simple and intuitive split cost prediction. It can be parametrized to control the trade-off between the speed-up and caused BD-rate loss. Data driven parameter estimation and parameter number reduction is presented. For random-access encoding, the method can achieve an average speed-up of 30% with a BD-rate loss of 0.03%. At another trade-off point, speed-up is increased to over 40% for a BD-rate loss below 0.5%.
Influence of antihypertensive medications on the clinical parameters of anodized dental implants: a retrospective cohort study (2020)

Our findings suggest some correlations between antihypertensive medication use and clinical parameters in anodized peri-implant tissue.
Polyelemental nanoparticle libraries (2016)

Multimetallic nanoparticles are useful in many fields, yet there are no effective strategies for synthesizing libraries of such structures, in which architectures can be explored in a systematic and site-specific manner. The absence of these capabilities precludes the possibility of comprehensively exploring such systems. We present systematic studies of individual polyelemental particle systems, in which composition and size can be independently controlled and structure formation (alloy versus phase-separated state) can be understood. We made libraries consisting of every combination of five metallic elements (Au, Ag, Co, Cu, and Ni) through polymer nanoreactor-mediated synthesis. Important insight into the factors that lead to alloy formation and phase segregation at the nanoscale were obtained, and routes to libraries of nanostructures that cannot be made by conventional methods were developed.
Diffusion-Limited a-IGZO/Pt Schottky Junction Fabricated at 200 $^{\circ}\hbox{C}$ on a Flexible Substrate (2011)

Diffusion-limited Schottky junctions were fabricated at 200°C by employing a top amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO)/bottom Pt electrode structure. Those fabricated on glass exhibited rectification ratios of I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on/off</sub> >; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> and ideality factors close to unity n = 1.04. The temperature dependence values of current-voltage characteristics were small and not explained by a simple thermionic emission theory; instead, a percolation model explains them with an average Schottky barrier height of 1.2 eV and its distribution width of 0.13 eV. Flexible a-IGZO/Pt Schottky junctions were also demonstrated on polyimide substrates with n = 1.2 and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on/off</sub> >; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> .
Plasmonic Colors and Memory with Al Metafilms (2019)

We proposed an all-aluminum metasurface for dynamic optical displays and high-density data storage. The metasurface is composed of aluminum nanoantennae attached on aluminum back-reflector. When illuminated with broadband light, such metasurface reflects a broad palette of colors with a rotating polarizer and analyzer. Based on this feature, customized color sequences are created to enable high-density data storage. Also, another metasurface consisting of aluminum gap-plasmon-type centrosymmetric “i-shaped” dimmers is proposed. Full-color generation is theoretically achieved by adjusting the resonator dimensions and polarizer angle.
Programming Fluorogenic DNA Probes for Rapid Detection of Steroids (2021)

The ability of aptamers to recognize a variety of different molecules has fueled their emergence as recognition agents to probe complex media and cells. Many detection strategies require aptamer binding to its target to result in a dramatic change in structure, typically from an unfolded to a folded state. Here, we report a strategy based on forced intercalation (FIT) that increases the scope of aptamer recognition by transducing subtle changes in aptamer structures into fluorescent readouts. By screening a library of green-fluorescent FIT-aptamers whose design is guided by computational modeling, we could identify hits that sense steroids like dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) down to 1.3 μM with no loss in binding affinity compared to the unmodified aptamer. This enabled us to study DHEAS in clinical serum samples with several advantages over gold standard methods, including rapid readout (<30 min), simple instrumentation (plate-reader), and low sample volumes (10 μL).