gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetization of Bulk Superconductors Using Thermally Actuated Magnetic Waves (2010)

A novel technique is proposed to magnetize bulk superconductors, which has the potential to build up strong superconducting magnets. Instead of conventionally using strong magnetic pulses, periodical magnetic waves with strength as low as that of rare-earth magnets are applied. These magnetic waves travel from the periphery to the center of a bulk superconductor and become trapped little by little. In this way, bulk superconductors can gradually be magnetized. To generate these magnetic waves, a thermally actuated magnet was developed, which is constructed by a heating/cooling switch system, a rare-earth bulk magnet, and a Gadolinium (Gd) bulk. The heating/cooling switch system controls the temperature of the Gd bulk, which, along with the rare-earth magnet underneath, can transform thermal signals into magnetic waves. The modeling results of the thermally actuated magnet show that periodical magnetic waves can effectively be generated by applying heating and cooling pulses in turn. A YBCO bulk was tested in liquid nitrogen under the magnetic waves, and a notable accumulation of magnetic flux density was observed.
Intense 8-fs pulse generation in the deep ultraviolet (1999)

By use of the recently developed technique of guided-wave frequency conversion, the generation of sub-10-fs light pulses in the UV has been demonstrated for what is believed to be the first time. Cross-phase modulation of the light in a hollow waveguide produced a bandwidth of 16 nm, with a center frequency of 270 nm, at 1 kHz. A simple grating pair was used to compress the pulses to a duration of 8 fs, as measured by self-diffraction frequency-resolved optical gating. In the experiment the compressed energy was greater than 1 muJ , with a peak power of >100 MW ; the technique can be scaled to higher energy. Further improvements should make it possible to generate pulses as short as approximately 3 fs with this technique.
Magnetic plotter (2017)

This paper 1 presents a method for designing tactile macrotextures with magnetic rubber sheets. In the method, named "Magnetic Plotter", a desktop digital plotting machine combined with a tiny neodymium magnet writes fine magnetic patterns on the surface of the magnetic rubber sheets. This method enables users to design magnetic fields freely with inexpensive commercially available materials as if they are drawing pictures. Moreover, when the magnetic sheets are rubbed together, unique haptic stimuli are displayed on the fingers. The haptic stimuli can be designed by the magnetic patterns plotted on the rubber sheets. We demonstrated several applications with the prototype and discussed the possibilities.
Ultraviolet C inactivation of dermatophytes: implications for treatment of onychomycosis (2008)

UVC irradiation may be a less invasive treatment option for onychomycosis, when the appropriate consideration is given to safety.
Convolutional Autoencoder-Based Multispectral Image Fusion (2019)

This paper presents a deep learning-based pansharpening method for fusion of panchromatic and multispectral images in remote sensing applications. This method can be categorized as a component substitution method in which a convolutional autoencoder network is trained to generate original panchromatic images from their spatially degraded versions. Low resolution multispectral images are then fed into the trained convolutional autoencoder network to generate estimated high resolution multispectral images. The fusion is achieved by injecting the detail map of each spectral band into the corresponding estimated high resolution multispectral bands. Full reference and no-reference metrics are computed for the images of three satellite datasets. These measures are compared with the existing fusion methods whose codes are publicly available. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the developed deep learning-based method for multispectral image fusion.
A Diffusion Tensor Imaging approach to investigate the effects of exercise on quadricep muscle fiber lengths (2023)

There is currently no established method to monitor muscle architecture throughout exercise intervention. This work investigates the value of DTI and fiber tractography to detect changes in fiber length in the quadriceps caused by resistance training. Five human subjects participated in a three-month training regimen, and DTI scans of their quadriceps were acquired. Through DTI tractography, fiber lengths were measured and compared between quadricep muscle components. There were no statistically significant changes in fiber length after three months of exercise, showing further optimization is needed to utilize DTI tractography for monitoring fiber length changes due to exercise.
Computing Body Segment Trajectories in the Hybrid III Dummy Using Linear Accelerometer Data (1994)

An analytical method was developed and tested using several mini-sled and Hyge sled tests to calculate the planar trajectory of a Hybrid III dummy head. Aimed at expediting the Hybrid III test analyses, it may provide an opportunity for cost savings through reduced hardware and manpower on film analyses. Transformation from the moving coordinate to the laboratory coordinate is based on the angular positions integrated from the derived angular accelerations. Gravitational correction of the linear accelerometers was found to be insignificant. The computed head trajectories were compared to the ones obtained from the high speed film images. Accuracy of the calculated head trajectory relies heavily on the accuracy of the computed angular acceleration. Strain-gaged accelerometers are not dependable at all times during an impact and an ill-behaved signal for a very short period may create a significant drift in computed displacement due to double integrations. Accuracy of the currently available accelerometers is not high enough for an angular displacement calculation. A new generation of accelerometers with higher accuracy, or an angular velocity sensor may provide more accurate angular displacement for trajectory analyses. The redundancy of the in-line accelerations helps improve the isolation of erroneous outputs and improve accuracy of the procedure.
Glucose tolerance in a highland population in Papua New Guinea. (1984)

A diabetes survey was conducted in the highlands of Papua New Guinea in June 1983. Two villages in the Asaro Valley, Eastern Highlands Province, were selected for study. The subjects were of Melanesian ancestry, and were free of Austronesian genetic admixture. The response rate was 95% and 308 subjects were examined. As defined by current WHO criteria, there was a total absence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in these communities. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 2%. These estimates of glucose intolerance are the lowest yet to be reported from the Pacific, using currently accepted diagnostic criteria and standardized survey methods. The 2-hr plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were positively correlated in both sexes. Of the two villages studied, one had undergone a greater degree of acculturation than the other. Both the total distribution and the mean value of 2-hr plasma glucose concentration were lower in the more traditional village, and these findings could not be explained by differences in age or obesity between the two communities. Mean 2-hr plasma insulin concentration did not differ significantly between the two villages, and was very low in both. The results of this study support the theory that Melanesians free of Austronesian genetic admixture are relatively, though not absolutely resistant to the deleterious influence of acculturation upon glucose tolerance seen in other Pacific populations. However, the notion that in this population cultural change has been insufficient, or of too recent onset for a deterioration in glucose tolerance to be manifest cannot be excluded.
Continuous Monitoring of Inflammation Biomarkers During Simulated Cardiopulmonary Bypass Using a Microfluidic Immunoassay Device—A Pilot Study (2013)

This work demonstrates the use of a continuous online monitoring system for tracking systemic inflammation biomarkers during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures. The ability to monitor inflammation biomarkers during CPB will allow surgical teams to actively treat inflammation and reduce harmful effects on postoperative morbidity and mortality, enabling improved patient outcomes. A microfluidic device has been designed which allows automation of the individual processing steps of a microbead immunoassay to allow continuous tracking of antigen concentrations. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that the results produced by the microimmunoassay are comparable to results produced from a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (r = 0.98). Additionally, integration of the assay with a simulated CPB circuit has been demonstrated with temporal tracking of C3a concentrations within blood continuously sampled from the circuit. The presented work describes the motivation, design challenges, and preliminary experimental results of this project.
Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration of Lipopolymers and Other Amphiphiles:  Comparison of Sound Velocity and Fluorescent Measurements (2002)

Critical micelle concentration (cmc) is an important parameter for preparing, solubilizing, and characterizing liposomes, surfactants, and other self-aggregating amphiphiles. We present a comparison between a direct, nondestructive method to determine cmc, in which sound velocity is measured as a function of the concentration of amphiphile, and a commonly used fluorescent method based on two fluorophores (1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-triene (DPH) and 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS)). The ultrasonic method involves accurate measurement of the sound velocity in the amphiphile dispersion and determination of the concentration corresponding to the maximum change in a gradient in the sound velocity. This method does not use a probe (like DPH or ANS), and therefore the contribution of artifacts related to impurities is minimal. Initially we used the ultrasonic method to determine the cmc's, in several media, of three typical detergents, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, and Cremophor EL, for which highly reliable cmc values have been reported. The ultrasonic instrumentation, based on a cylindrical resonator method, gives precise and accurate results for the general range of cmc values for detergents (10-3−102 mM) and reflects changes in hydration and compressibility of the amphiphile. We then applied this ultrasonic method to determine the cmc's of two series of PEGylated lipopolymers used for steric stabilization of liposomes: the neutral distearoyl glycerol and the negatively charged distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, both covalently attached to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of Mw 750, 2000, 5000, or 12000. The cmc's for these PEGylated lipopolymers were in the range 0.008−0.025 mM. cmc values increased 2.5-fold with increase in length of the PEG chain from 15 to 271 oxyethylene units. cmc values were the same when the linker connecting the PEG and the distearoyl moieties was negatively charged or neutral. In a comparative study, the ultrasonic method proved to be superior to commonly used methods in accuracy, speed, and applicability to both ionic and nonionic surfactants, in both aqueous and nonaqueous media.
Site-Specific Introduction of an Acetyl-Lysine Mimic into Peptides and Proteins by Cysteine Alkylation (2010)

Protein acetylation on Lys residues is recognized as a significant post-translational modification in cells, but it is often difficult to discern the direct structural and functional effects of individual acetylation events. Here we describe a new tool, methylthiocarbonyl-aziridine, to install acetyl-Lys mimics site-specifically into peptides and proteins by alkylation of Cys residues. We demonstrate that the resultant thiocarbamate modification can be recognized by the Brdt bromodomain and site-specific antiacetyl-Lys antibodies, is resistant to histone deacetylase cleavage, and can confer activation of the histone acetyltransferase Rtt109 by simulating autoacetylation. We also use this approach to obtain functional evidence that acetylation of CK2 protein kinase on Lys102 can stimulate its catalytic activity.
Pectin Does Not Inhibit Intestinal Carcinogenesis in APC-Deficient Min/+ Mice (2008)

APC-germline mutation creates predisposition for intestinal tumorigenesis. APCMin/+ mice, developing tumors preferentially in the small intestine and only minimally in the colon, were fed pectin-enriched diets (10% galacturonan; degree of methoxylation=37.0 and 70.4%) or standard diet. Pectins used in the present study do not inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis and rather accelerate it in APCMin/+ mice. Both pectins exhibited prebiotic effects associated with high fermentative formation of acetate but producing low butyrate. The differences of the short-chain fatty acid concentrations between cecum and colon and those between colon and feces were larger than expected and increased with cancer progression, indicating an inhibition of butyrate absorption. Pectins transported more bile acids toward the colon than the standard diet and caused a higher generation of secondary bile acids despite lower pH values. Overexpression of COX-2 resulted in lower antioxidative capacity, thus promoting cancer. Apoptosis increased in hyperplasia but decreased in late adenomas. When biological modular design principles are taken into consideration, it can be expected that pectin also reinforces colorectal tumorigenesis of patients suffering from APC gene defects.
Cell biology of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: newer aspects (1997)

Recent advances in the understanding of the cell biology of aminoglycoside antibiotics have answered some questions and opened many new avenues for exploration. Binding at the apical surface of proximal tubule cells is now known to involve megalin. Once endocytosed, aminoglycosides inhibit endosomal fusion. They may also be directly trafficked to the Golgi apparatus. Finally, the proximal tubule cell has the ability to inhibit selectively the uptake of gentamicin yet maintain endocytosis of other ligands.
Synthesis of cyclo[8]pyrrole-phosphonate complexes by anion exchange (2023)

Cyclo[8]pyrrole–phosphonate complexes were synthesized via the anion exchange method from cyclo[8]pyrrole sulfate. The molecular structures were determined by X-ray diffraction studies.
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression is Induced in Neocortical Astrocytes after Spreading Depression (1998)

Spreading depression (SD) confers either increased susceptibility to ischemic injury or a delayed protection. Because nitric oxide modulates ischemic injury, we investigated if altered expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by SD could account for the effect of SD on ischemia. Furthermore, the identity of cells expressing NOS after SD is important, since SD results in heterogeneous, cell type-specific changes in intracellular environment, which can control NOS activity. Immunohistochemical, computer-based image analyses and Western blotting show that the number of neuronal NOS (nNOS)-positive cells in the somatosensory cortex was significantly increased at 6 hours and 3 days after SD (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively), whereas inducible NOS expression remained unchanged. Double-labeling of nNOS and glial fibrillary acidic protein identified these nNOS-positive cells as astrocytes. The effect of altered NO production on induced nNOS expression was examined by treating rats with sodium nitroprusside or NA-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAM) during SD. Increased nNOS expression was prevented by sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine or phenylephrine alone, but not LNAM. Because SD increased astrocytic nNOS expression at time points correlating with both ischemic hypersensitivity and ischemic tolerance, the ability of SD to modulate ischemic injury must be complex, perhaps involving NOS but other factors as well.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with gastroparesis using enteral and/or exclusive parenteral nutrition (2023)

This study describes patients with Gp requiring exclusive PN and/or EN for nutrition support, who represent a small (3.3%) but important subset of patients with Gp. Unique clinical and physiological parameters are associated with this subset and provide insight into the use of nutrition support in Gp.
Clinical Burden and Practice Patterns in Patients With Chronic Hypoparathyroidism in the United States (US): A Claims Data Analysis Using Surgery-Based Criteria (2021)

Abstract Objectives: Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the clinical burden and practice patterns associated with chronic hypoparathyroidism (cHP). This study assessed the clinical burden and practice patterns in patients with cHP identified using surgery-based criteria. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a large (130 million individuals) US claims database, the HealthVerity Closed Payer Claim Medical and Pharmacy database (Private Source 20) from Oct 2014 to Dec 2019. The patient eligibility criteria for the surgery-based method included the presence of a procedure claim of either parathyroidectomy, complete or partial thyroidectomy, or neck dissection, followed by a HP diagnosis claim (6–15 months apart) with a subsequent second HP diagnosis claim at any time point, and with continuous enrollment for 15 months before the index date (the date of the first qualifying HP diagnosis claim) and ≥6 months after. Patients were followed one year before the surgery and up to two years after the index date. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory testing and treatment patterns were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 1,406 patients met the eligibility criteria, among which 1,184 patients had complete data for 1-year follow-up. The mean age was 52.1 + 16.4 (SD) years, and 83.2% were females. The mean time between surgery and qualifying HP diagnosis claim was 8.7 + 2.3 (SD) months, and 115 patients (8.2%) had a HP diagnosis prior to surgery. During the 1-year follow-up, the most common comorbidities were cancer (54.2%, of which 49% were thyroid cancers), hypertension (49.7%), hypocalcemia (47.1%), chronic pulmonary disease (21.9%), diabetes (21.7%), cardiac arrhythmias (18.4%), CKD stage 3–5 (11.3%), osteoporosis (9.8%), and neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety (23.9%), depressive disorders (21.8%), and sleep-wake disorders (20.9%). Most cHP patients were monitored for lab values. These included serum calcium (93.2%), eGFR/creatinine (86.2%), 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D (66.5%), intact PTH (63.0%), serum magnesium (40.9%), serum phosphorous (38.4%), bone mineral density (9.8%), and 24h-urine calcium (8.4%) during the 1-year follow up. Also within the 1-year follow-up, 66.9% of patients had a prescription claim for thyroid replacement therapy, 51.6% for calcitriol, 13.3% for ergocalciferol, and 5.5 % for PTH. Conclusion: This cHP population, identified using surgery-based criteria, largely consists of patients with a recent diagnosis, and had a substantial comorbidity burden that aligned with the monitoring patterns. Already at this early stage of cHP, kidney function appears to be a key concern and may be important when considering therapeutic intervention. These data are consistent with our findings from a larger cHP population identified in the same database using a diagnosis-based approach.
The Power of Proxy Data and Proxy Networks for Hyper-Parameter Optimization in Medical Image Segmentation (2021)

Deep learning models for medical image segmentation are primarily data-driven. Models trained with more data lead to improved performance and generalizability. However, training is a computationally expensive process because multiple hyper-parameters need to be tested to find the optimal setting for best performance. In this work, we focus on accelerating the estimation of hyper-parameters by proposing two novel methodologies: proxy data and proxy networks. Both can be useful for estimating hyper-parameters more efficiently. We test the proposed techniques on CT and MR imaging modalities using well-known public datasets. In both cases using one dataset for building proxy data and another data source for external evaluation. For CT, the approach is tested on spleen segmentation with two datasets. The first dataset is from the medical segmentation decathlon (MSD), where the proxy data is constructed, the secondary dataset is utilized as an external validation dataset. Similarly, for MR, the approach is evaluated on prostate segmentation where the first dataset is from MSD and the second dataset is PROSTATEx. First, we show higher correlation to using full data for training when testing on the external validation set using smaller proxy data than a random selection of the proxy data. Second, we show that a high correlation exists for proxy networks when compared with the full network on validation Dice score. Third, we show that the proposed approach of utilizing a proxy network can speed up an AutoML framework for hyper-parameter search by 3.3x, and by 4.4x if proxy data and proxy network are utilized together.
Transcription Regulation ofezrAand Its Effect on Cell Division ofBacillus subtilis (2004)

The EzrA protein of Bacillus subtilis is a negative regulator for FtsZ (Z)-ring formation. It is able to modulate the frequency and position of Z-ring formation during cell division. The loss of this protein results in cells with multiple Z rings located at polar as well as medial sites; it also lowers the critical concentration of FtsZ required for ring formation (P. A. Levin, I. G. Kurster, and A. D. Grossman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9642-9647, 1999). We have studied the regulation of ezrA expression during the growth of B. subtilis and its effects on the intracellular level of EzrA as well as the cell length of B. subtilis. With the aid of promoter probing, primer extension, in vitro transcription, and Western blotting analyses, two overlapping sigmaA-type promoters, P1 and P2, located about 100 bp upstream of the initiation codon of ezrA, have been identified. P1, supposed to be an extended -10 promoter, was responsible for most of the ezrA expression during the growth of B. subtilis. Disruption of this promoter reduced the intracellular level of EzrA very significantly compared with disruption of P2. Moreover, deletion of both promoters completely abolished EzrA in B. subtilis. More importantly, the cell length and percentage of filamentous cells of B. subtilis were significantly increased by disruption of the promoter(s). Thus, EzrA is required for efficient cell division during the growth of B. subtilis, despite serving as a negative regulator for Z-ring formation.