gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adult neural stem and progenitor cells modified to secrete GDNF can protect, migrate and integrate after intracerebral transplantation in rats with transient forebrain ischemia (2007)

Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) are important autologous transplantation tools in regenerative medicine, as they can secrete factors that protect the ischemic brain. We investigated whether adult NSPCs genetically modified to secrete more glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) could protect against transient ischemia in rats. NSPCs were harvested from the subventricular zone of adult Wistar rats and cultured for 3 weeks in the presence of epidermal growth factor. The NSPCs were treated with fibre-mutant Arg-Gly-Asp adenovirus containing the GDNF gene (NSPC-GDNF) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene (NSPC-EGFP; control group). In one experiment, cultured cells were transplanted into the right ischemic boundary zone of Wistar rat brains. One week later, animals underwent 90 min of intraluminal right middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by magnetic resonance imaging and behavioural tests. The NSPC-GDNF group had higher behavioural scores and lesser infarct volume than did controls at 1, 7 and 28 days postocclusion. In the second experiment, we transplanted NSPCs 3 h after ischemic insult. Compared to controls, rats receiving NSPC-GDNF had decreased infarct volume and better behavioural assessments at 7 days post-transplant. Animals were killed on day 7 and brains were collected for GDNF ELISA and morphological assessment. Compared to controls, more GDNF was secreted, more NSPC-GDNF cells migrated toward the ischemic core and more NSPC-GDNF cells expressed immature neuronal marker. Moreover, the NSPC-GDNF group showed more effective inhibition of microglial invasion and apoptosis. These findings suggest that NSPC-GDNF may be useful in treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Survival of syngeneic and allogeneic iPSC–derived neural precursors after spinal grafting in minipigs (2018)

The use of autologous (or syngeneic) cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great promise for future clinical use in a wide range of diseases and injuries. It is expected that cell replacement therapies using autologous cells would forego the need for immunosuppression, otherwise required in allogeneic transplantations. However, recent studies have shown the unexpected immune rejection of undifferentiated autologous mouse iPSCs after transplantation. Whether similar immunogenic properties are maintained in iPSC-derived lineage-committed cells (such as neural precursors) is relatively unknown. We demonstrate that syngeneic porcine iPSC-derived neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation to the spinal cord in the absence of immunosuppression is associated with long-term survival and neuronal and glial differentiation. No tumor formation was noted. Similar cell engraftment and differentiation were shown in spinally injured transiently immunosuppressed swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)-mismatched allogeneic pigs. These data demonstrate that iPSC-NPCs can be grafted into syngeneic recipients in the absence of immunosuppression and that temporary immunosuppression is sufficient to induce long-term immune tolerance after NPC engraftment into spinally injured allogeneic recipients. Collectively, our results show that iPSC-NPCs represent an alternative source of transplantable NPCs for the treatment of a variety of disorders affecting the spinal cord, including trauma, ischemia, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Bending the Curve: Climate Change Solutions (2019)

Climate change is an urgent problem. Because it is causing new weather extremes and fatal catastrophes, climate change is better termed climate disruption. Bending the curve to flatten the upward trajectory of pollution emissions responsible for climate disruption is essential in order to protect billions of people from this global threat. Education is a key part of the solution.This textbook book lays out ten solutions that together can bend the curve of climate warming below dangerous levels. These solutions fall into six categories: science, societal transformation, governance, economics, technology, and ecosystem management. Four themes emerge from the book: * There is still time to bend the curve. The time to act was yesterday, but if proper actions are taken now, there is still time to avoid disastrous changes. We have to pull on three levers: The carbon lever to achieve zero net emissions of carbon dioxide before 2050; the short-lived climate pollutants lever to drastically reduce concentrations of other major climate pollutants; and the atmospheric carbon extraction lever to remove massive amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.* Bending the curve will require interdisciplinary solutions. Climate change requires integrating approaches from the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, so this textbook—unlike most on climate change solutions—does just that, with chapters written by experts in climate science, social justice, economics, environmental policy, political science, energy technologies, ecology, and religion. Bending the curve also requires preservation and restoration of ecological systems.* Bending the curve requires a radical shift in attitude. This shift requires change in behavior, change in our attitudes towards each other, and change in our attitude towards nature. Climate justice has to be an integral part of the solution.* Technology, market mechanism and policy need to be a part of the solution. New market mechanisms and other policies are required to spur technological innovations and to scale clean technologies globally.
Long-term clinical outcome after intracoronary application of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells for acute myocardial infarction: migratory capacity of administered cells determines event-free survival (2014)

In patients of the REPAIR-AMI trial, established clinical parameters are associated with adverse outcome at 5 years exclusively in the placebo group, whereas the migratory capacity of the administered BMC determines event-free survival in the BMC-treated patients. These data disclose a potency-effect relationship between cell therapy and long-term outcome in patients with AMI.
Safe and Efficient Tetrazole Synthesis in a Continuous‐Flow Microreactor (2011)

Die Durchfluss-Synthese von 5-substituierten Tetrazolen (siehe Schema) gelingt sicher und effizient, benötigt keinen Metallpromotor, kommt mit einer annähernd äquimolaren Menge an NaN3 aus und hat trotz allem ein breites Substratspektrum. Außerdem lässt sich der Maßstab des Verfahrens vergrößern. Die Gefahren, die mit einer Verwendung von HN3 einhergehen, sind weitgehend ausgeschaltet, stoßempfindliche Metallazide wie Zn(N3)2 werden vermieden, und nichtumgesetztes NaN3 wird mit NaNO2 abgefangen.
Flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid and niflumic acid inhibit single nonselective cation channels in the rat exocrine pancreas (1990)

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid and niflumic acid, block Ca2(+)-activated non-selective cation channels in inside-out patches from the basolateral membrane of rat exocrine pancreatic cells. Half-maximal inhibition was about 10 microM for flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid, whereas niflumic acid was less potent (IC50 about 50 microM). Indomethacin, aspirin, diltiazem and ibuprofen (100 microM) had not effect. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of flufenamate, mefenamate and niflumate is dependent on the specific structure, consisting of two phenyl rings linked by an amino bridge.
Evaluating the catalytic efficiency of the membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-14) using AuNP-peptide assemblies (Conference Presentation) (2023)

We report on the use of lipoic acid-appended polyethylene glycol (LA-PEG)-stabilized AuNPs, covalently coupled to dye-labelled peptides, as sensitive optically-addressable sensors for determining the catalytic efficiency of the human matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14), a cancer biomarker. We exploit real-time dye PL recovery triggered by MMP-14 hydrolysis of the AuNP-tethered peptide-dye to extract quantitative analysis of the proteolysis kinetics. Sub-nanomolar limit of detections for MMP-14 has been achieved using our hybrid bioconjugates.
Designing Equitable Health Care Outreach Programs From Machine Learning Patient Risk Scores (2022)

There is growing interest in ensuring equity and guarding against bias in the use of risk scores produced by machine learning and artificial intelligence models. Risk scores are used to select patients who will receive outreach and support. Inappropriate use of risk scores, however, can perpetuate disparities. Commonly advocated solutions to improve equity are nontrivial to implement and may not pass legal scrutiny. In this article, we introduce pragmatic tools that support better use of risk scores for more equitable outreach programs. Our model output charts allow modeling and care management teams to see the equity consequences of different threshold choices and to select the optimal risk thresholds to trigger outreach. For best results, as with any health equity tool, we recommend that these charts be used by a diverse team and shared with relevant stakeholders.
Proteome analysis in the study of the bacterial heat‐shock response (2002)

In recent years, it has become clear that, in addition to the regulation of the expression of specific genes, there are global regulatory systems that control the simultaneous expression of a large number of genes in response to a variety of environmental stresses. The first of these global control systems, and of substantial importance, is the heat-shock response. The heat-shock response is characterized by the induction of a large set of proteins (heat-shock proteins-HSPs) upon shifts to higher temperature and upon exposure to conditions in which proteins are denatured (i.e., alcohols, heavy metals). The heat-shock response is universal and many of the heat-shock proteins are highly conserved among species. In bacteria, the heat-shock response has been studied extensively in several Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and in the Gram-negative bacteria (i.e., Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens). The first recognition of the molecular abundance of the bacterial heat-shock proteins took place with the introduction of high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels (2D gels) to analyze complex mixtures of cellular proteins. Two-dimensional gels, followed by mass spectrometry, were used to define the heat-shock stimulons in several bacteria, and to study the regulatory elements that control the heat-shock response. Here, we review the heat-shock response and its regulation in bacteria. The review will emphasize the use of proteome analysis in the study of this response, and will point out those open questions that can be investigated with proteomics, including mass spectrometry techniques.
A controlled trial using ephedrine in the treatment of obesity. (1985)

A double-blind controlled study was performed in unselected obese outpatients to assess the effects of ephedrine on weight loss. Patients were treated for 3 months with placebo (group I), 25 mg t.i.d. or 50 mg t.i.d. of ephedrine hydrochloride orally administered (groups II and III, respectively). Dietary treatment consisted of 1000 kcal/day for females and 1200 kcal/day for males. The three groups were matched for age, sex, body mass index and pre-treatment spontaneous caloric intake. Weight loss was similar in all groups. Patients in group III (ephedrine 150 mg/day) showed significantly more side effects than the placebo group. These results do not seem to favour the hypothesis that ephedrine, a thermogenic agent, may be effective in the therapy of unselected simple obesity. On the other hand, it cannot be excluded that the drug may be useful in obese patients in whom defective thermogenesis may be clearly demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Epoxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Polymer‐Bound Optically Active Mn(III)‐Salen Complex. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Practical and Scalable Synthesis of α-(1→4)-Linked Polysaccharides Composed of 6-O-Methyl-d-glucose (2007)

A second-generation synthesis of synthetic 6-O-methyl-D-glucose-containing polysaccharides (sMGPs) is reported. Glycosidation acceptor A and donor B are prepared from alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins in high yields. The glycosidation of A and B, followed by deprotection, furnishes sMGP 12-, 14-, and 16-mers. This synthesis has appealing features such as scalability, operational simplicity, and high overall yield.
Fabrication and Characterization of Novel High Modulus, Two‐Stage Reactive Thiol‐Acrylate Composite Polymer Systems (2013)

Summary High modulus two‐stage reactive polymer systems are fabricated and characterized in regards to their thermomechanical properties and behavior. The polymer networks comprise thiol‐acrylate formulations in which a polymer matrix is initially formed via an amine catalyzed thiol‐Michael addition ‘click’ reaction, eventually followed by photoinitiated, free radical polymerization of the excess acrylic functional groups to result in formation of a highly crosslinked, high modulus polymer material. Composites were formed and evaluated using two distinct polymerizable thiol‐acrylate formulations, each with three different filler types. Here, the fillers were used primarily to improve the mechanical performance of the polymer material following the initial Michael addition reaction though improvements were also observed in some materials following the photopolymerization as well. The fillers used were 0.7 µm methacrylated silica particles, translucent Kevlar veil and PET mesh. Thermomechanical analysis showed that the fillers resulted in a significant increase in the modulus in both the polymer networks formed at the end of each of the orthogonal reactions without a significant change in the glass transition temperatures (T g ). The two‐stage matrix formed with a hexa‐acrylate matrix and 20 volume % silica particles showed a 125% increase in the modulus at the end of the Michael‐addition reaction and a 100% increase in the modulus after photopolymerization of the acrylates, when compared with the modulus of the unfilled polymer.
Simulation study of resonant DC link inverter for current-controlled switched reluctance motors (2002)

The paper presents a functionality study of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) inverter utilising a resonant DC link (RDCL) with and without an active clamp (ACRDCL) to provide current regulation with zero-voltage switching. By simply synchronising the switching instants in the SR inverter to the resonant link zero voltage periods, high bandwidth delta-modulated current regulation, necessary in high-performance SR drives, is performed with minimal switching losses. The classic 2-switches-and-2-diodes-per-phase inverter configuration is maintained. The normal operating modes of current-regulated SRM drives are simulated and comparisons between hard-switched and soft-switched waveforms are presented. The simple operation of the circuit is validated and found to maintain all performance and robustness aspects of the hard-switched inverter drive, albeit the soft-switching adds some control requirements. It is concluded that the presence of soft-switching does not compromise the drive performance compared to hard switching in any aspect. Similarly, applying the resonant link to the SRM inverter presents no difference compared to AC-drive applications.
Reliability-Based Optimal Design of a Bistable Compliant Mechanism (1994)

Compliant mechanisms obtain at least some of their motion from the deflection of their flexible members. Advantages of such mechanisms include the reduction of manufacturing and assembly cost and time. Bistable mechanisms are particularly useful in applications where two stable equilibrium positions are required, such as switches, gates, and closures. Fatigue is a major concern in many compliant mechanisms due to the cyclic stresses induced on the flexible members. In this paper, a method for the probabilistic design of a bistable compliant slider-crank mechanism is proposed. Link lengths, material properties, and cross-section dimensions are taken as random variables. Probabilistic constraints on the maximum and minimum required input torque, location of stable equilibrium position, and overall size are included. The objective function is the maximization of the mechanism reliability in fatigue. Several design studies are performed to gain further insight into the nature of the problem.
Cellular swelling and irreversible myocardial injury. Effects of polyethylene glycol and mannitol in perfused rat hearts. (1977)

&lt;p&gt;We measured the Josephson radiation emitted by an InSb semiconductor nanowire junction utilizing photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling in an ac-coupled superconducting tunnel junction. We quantify the action of the local microwave environment by evaluating the frequency dependence of the inelastic Cooper-pair tunneling of the nanowire junction and find the zero-frequency impedance Z(0)=492Ω with a cutoff frequency of f0=33.1GHz. We extract a circuit coupling efficiency of η≈0.1 and a detector quantum efficiency approaching unity in the high-frequency limit. In addition to the Josephson radiation, we identify a shot noise contribution with a Fano factor F≈1, consistently with the presence of single electron states in the nanowire channel.&lt;/p&gt;
Multi-protein assemblies underlie the mesoscale organization of the plasma membrane (2014)

Most proteins have uneven distributions in the plasma membrane. Broadly speaking, this may be caused by mechanisms specific to each protein, or may be a consequence of a general pattern that affects the distribution of all membrane proteins. The latter hypothesis has been difficult to test in the past. Here, we introduce several approaches based on click chemistry, through which we study the distribution of membrane proteins in living cells, as well as in membrane sheets. We found that the plasma membrane proteins form multi-protein assemblies that are long lived (minutes), and in which protein diffusion is restricted. The formation of the assemblies is dependent on cholesterol. They are separated and anchored by the actin cytoskeleton. Specific proteins are preferentially located in different regions of the assemblies, from their cores to their edges. We conclude that the assemblies constitute a basic mesoscale feature of the membrane, which affects the patterning of most membrane proteins, and possibly also their activity.
Web information analysis for open-domain decision support: System design and user evaluation (2011)

In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of the system design of a Web information analysis for open-domain decision support. In order to make decisions, it is required to collect and compare information from various view points. In case of making decisions based on Web information, however, it is difficult to obtain diverse information from variety of sources by using current search engines. Based on this observation, we design a system for supporting open-domain decision making, which analyzes Web information. Among the major design decisions are to focus on two elements, i.e. identifying the source of information and the extraction of informative content, and to organize the two elements so that the user can quickly grasp who is saying what on the Web. The assumption behind such decisions is that information organized in such a way would facilitate proper judgments in the user's decision making process. We conduct users evaluation to verify the effectiveness of our approach. In the result, it is confirmed that our system is superior to current search engine for grasping organized information from different stance of senders and supports the process of decision making, by (i) uncovering biases, (ii) showing various opinions from multiple view points, (iii) revealing information sources.
Reaction of Phosphoranes with Mo(N-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)(CHCMe3)[OCMe(CF3)2]2:  Synthesis and Reactivity of an Anionic Imido Alkylidyne Complex (2006)

The reaction of Ph3PCH2 with Mo(NAr)(CHCMe3)[OCMe(CF3)2]2 (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) produces the anionic alkylidyne complex {Ph3PMe}{Mo(NAr)(CCMe3)[OCMe(CF3)2]2}. An X-ray structure determination of the complex reveals a bent Mo−N−C angle for the imido group, as expected when a metal−carbon triple bond is present. The anion has been shown to react with electrophiles predominantly at the imido nitrogen.
<title>Visualizing the spine using anatomical knowledge</title> (1990)

In vivo anatomy is now routinely displayed as 2-D and 3-D images obtained from Computed X-ray Tomograpy (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and other diagnostic modalities. Most current medical visualization methods rely on pixel intensities to segment the data into tissues. However, structural features must be differentiated by a human operator, and geometric measurements of the anatomy are tedious and error prone to compute. This paper describes processing and imaging methods to aid the interpretation of CT studies of the spine. These procedures incorporate knowledge of the symmetry, shapes, and spatial relationships of vertebrae to locate the spinal cord and major components of vertebral bone from CT slices of the spine and automatically compute anatomical measurements. Results of these methods are shown as applied to the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions of the spine.
Inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase decreases donor specific antibody levels in a rat model of sensitization (2022)

Antibody mediated rejection is a major cause of renal allograft loss. Circulating preformed donor specific antibodies (DSA) can result as a consequence of blood transfusion, pregnancy or prior transplantation. Current treatment strategies are limited due to partial or transient efficacy, adverse side-effects or patient unsuitability. Previous in vivo studies exploring autoimmune diseases have shown that spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signalling is involved in the development of pathogenic autoantibody. The role of SYK in allogenic antibody production is unknown, and we investigated this in a rodent model of sensitization, established by the transfusion of F344 whole blood into LEW rats. Two-week treatment of sensitized rats with selective SYK inhibitor fostamatinib strongly blocked circulating DSA production without affecting overall total immunoglobulin levels, and inhibition was sustained up to 5 weeks post-completion of the treatment regimen. Fostamatinib treatment did not affect mature B cell subset or plasma cell levels, which remained similar between non-treated controls, vehicle treated and fostamatinib treated animals. Our data indicate fostamatinib may provide an alternative therapeutic option for patients who are at risk of sensitization following blood transfusion while awaiting renal transplant.