gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Congenital chloride diarrhoea. Clinical analysis of 21 Finnish patients. (1977)

Clinical findings in 21 Finnish children with congenital chloride diarrhoea are reported. Inheritance of this disease by the autosomal recessive mode is established. All children were born 1-8 weeks prematurely. Hydramnios was present in every case and no meconium was observed; intrauterine onset of diarrhoea is thus apparent. In most cases the diarrhoea or passing of large volumes of "urine" was noted on the first day of life and the abdomen was usually large and distended. The neonatla weight loss was abnormally large, and was associated with hypochloraemia and hyponatraemia. Some infants survived the neonatal period without adequate therapy. They presented later with failure to thrive and usually had hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia, and metabolic alkalosis associated with hyperaldosteronism. However, these features may be absent and the diagnosis is based on a history of hydramnios and diarrhoea, and a faecal Cl- concentration which always exceeds 90 mmol/l when fluid and electrolyte deficits have been corrected. Lower faecal Cl- concentrations were seen only in chronic hypochloraemia, which is also associated with achloriduria. Adequate treatment consists of full continuous replacement of the faecal losses of water, NaCl, and KCl. This should be given intravenously in the early neonatal period; later a solution can be taken orally with meals. The dose has to be adjusted to maintain normal serum electrolyte concentrations, normal blood pH, and some chloriduria. This therapy prevents the renal lesions and the retarded growth and psychomotor development which were seen in the children who were diagnosed late and in those who received inadequate replacement therapy. The watery diarrhoea persists and increases slightly with age, though patients learn to live with their disease and to make an adequate social adjustment.
Polycrystalline silicon thin films with hydrofluoric acid permeability for underlying oxide etching and vacuum encapsulation (2000)

Specialized fabrication techniques created polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin films that were permeable to a concentrated hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution, in order to support in situ vacuum encapsulation of surface microsensor devices on silicon wafers. 0.1-μm-thick poly-Si thin films were made permeable through processes of amorphous silicon film formation by low pressure chemical vapor deposition, successive postannealing for crystallization, and excessive phosphorus diffusion by a phosphorus oxichloride predeposition. Permeability was obtained both on borophosphosilicate glass and nondoped silica glass sacrificial layers. Porous microstructures at the silicon grain boundaries, which were induced by heavy doping of phosphorus and consequent segregation of soluble precipitates, were first observed using a secondary electron microscope and a field emission secondary electron microscope. These observations confirmed that the submicron pores permitted passage of the fluid to dissolve the underlying sacrificial oxide films. Vacuum encapsulation of shell structures covered with the permeable poly-Si thin film was also carried out to demonstrate the vibration of a gyroscope structure in the sealed shell.
HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes traffic to lymph nodes and localize at sites of HIV-1 replication and cell death (2008)

The Trypanosoma species used in this study included a clinically relevant human CSF isolate and bloodstream form (BSF) from a patient with sleeping sickness. A cloned derivative from this parasite termed "IL1852" was originally identified as a T.b. gambiense and was denoted accordingly in the manuscript.
利用低溫自旋偏極化掃瞄穿隧電子顯微鏡解析垂直延展之面心立方結構錳(001)的層狀反鐵磁性自旋結構 (2009)

Expanded face-centered tetragonal (e-fct) Mn (001) layers have been demonstrated to grow stably on Co/Cu(001) template. From the MOKE measurements, the antiferromagnetic properties of e-fct Mn has been studied through the behavior of the temperature and thickness dependence. In addition, with the surface spin sensitive techniques, spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, the spin configuration on surface of such expanded-fct Mn(001) can be resolved. By using the 40 ML Fe coated W tip of in-plane magnetic anisotropy direction preference, the in-plane layered antiferromagnetic spin structures of e-fct Mn have been observed at the 77.5 K in ultrahigh vacuum environment. We observed the spin frustration phenomenon along the edge. The OOMMF simulation could obtain the consistent result.
A.M.B.R.O.S.I.A (2020)

When writing today's distributed programs, which frequently span both devices and cloud services, programmers are faced with complex decisions and coding tasks around coping with failure, especially when these distributed components are stateful. If their application can be cast as pure data processing, they benefit from the past 40--50 years of work from the database community, which has shown how declarative database systems can completely isolate the developer from the possibility of failure in a performant manner. Unfortunately, while there have been some attempts at bringing similar functionality into the more general distributed programming space, a compelling general-purpose system must handle non-determinism, be performant, support a variety of machine types with varying resiliency goals, and be language agnostic, allowing distributed components written in different languages to communicate. This paper introduces Ambrosia, the first system to satisfy all these requirements. We coin the term "virtual resiliency", analogous to virtual memory, for the platform feature which allows failure oblivious code to run in a failure resilient manner. We also introduce novel programming language constructs for resiliently handling non-determinism. Of further interest is the effective reapplication of much database performance optimization technology to make Ambrosia more performant than many of today's non-resilient cloud solutions.
Serum concentration of zinc is elevated in clinically stable bipolar disorder patients (2021)

This study suggests that the zinc homeostasis is disturbed in BD and that this dyshomeostasis is not related to ongoing mood symptoms or immune activation. Of note, serum levels were increased and hence do not support continuous zinc supplementation in BD.
Enabling Interoperability among Meta-Schedulers (2008)

Grid computing supports shared access to computing resources from cooperating organizations or institutes in the form of virtual organizations. Resource brokering middleware, commonly known as a meta-scheduler or a resource broker, matches jobs to distributed resources. Recent advances in meta- scheduling capabilities are extended to enable resource matching across multiple virtual organizations. Several architectures have been proposed for interoperating meta-scheduling systems. This paper presents a hybrid approach, combining hierarchical and peer-to-peer architectures for flexibility and extensibility of these systems. A set of protocols are introduced to allow different meta-scheduler instances to communicate over Web Services. Interoperability between three heterogeneous and distributed organizations (namely, BSC, FIU, and IBM), each using different meta-scheduling technologies, is demonstrated under these protocols and resource models.
Promise of Urinary Nerve Growth Factor for Assessment of Overactive Bladder Syndrome (2011)

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is highly prevalent bladder disorder in men and women. About 10–15% of the population suffers from urgency frequency with or without urgency urinary incontinence. It is estimated that 50–75% of patients with OAB may have urodynamic detrusor overactivity (DO). Urodynamic study invasive and most of the OAB patients might not accept it as a routine assessment. Therefore, a more objective and non‐invasive test for diagnosis and assessing DO from OAB patients is needed. Recently, urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) has gained great interest in detecting DO in patients with OAB. Urinary NGF level was found to increase in OAB and urodynamic DO. Urinary NGF levels correlated with severity of OAB symptoms. Patients with either idiopathic or neurogenic DO may have increased urinary NGF levels. Urinary NGF levels have been shown to decrease in patients with patients with OAB and DO who have been well treated with antimuscarinics or botulinum toxin injection, but not in those with persistent OAB after treatment. Not all patients with OAB can have an elevated urinary NGF level; it may also be increased in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome and other lower urinary tract diseases, suggesting urinary NGF expression could be a product of bladder inflammation and a limited specificity of urinary NGF for diagnosing DO. The source of urinary NGF has not yet been fully explored yet. Nevertheless, urinary NGF level is likely to be a promising biomarker for diagnosis of DO from OAB patients, to monitor therapeutic outcome and predict disease progression.
Heterogeneous NEMS-CMOS DCM Buck Regulator for Improved Area and Enhanced Power Efficiency (2014)

In CMOS switches, the input signal modulates the on-channel resistance for a constant gate voltage. This necessitates over design of CMOS switches. Also, further CMOS scaling in the nanometer regime has failed to improve energy efficiency due to increasing leakage energy. Looking beyond CMOS, nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays are a promising class of emerging devices that exhibit energy-efficient switching and zero leakage operation. Ron of the NEM relay switch is constant and is insensitive to the gate slew rate. This creates a paradigm shift in design of power switches. This coupled with infinite Roff offers significant area and power advantages over CMOS. Numerous end applications of NEM relay logic circuits have been proposed recently, including digital logic and memory. NEMS-based miniature switches form an interesting alternative in power management integrated circuits, the area of which is primarily dominated by CMOS power transistors. This study explores discontinuous-conduction mode buck regulator with specifications suitable for portable applications using a NEMS-CMOS hybrid design, and the results are compared against a standard commercial 0.35-μm CMOS implementation. The electromechanical model has been developed for a suspended gate relay operating at 1 V with a nominal air gap of 5-10 nm published in the literature. The model accounts for the mechanical, electrical, and dispersion effects in the relay. This study shows that NEMS-CMOS hybrid dc-dc converter has an area savings of 60% over CMOS and achieves an overall higher efficiency over CMOS, with a peak efficiency of 94.3% at 100 mA.
Syp1 regulates the clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis of multiple cargo proteins through a novel sorting motif (2017)

Internalization of proteins from the plasma membrane (PM) allows for cell-surface composition regulation, signaling of network modulation, and nutrient uptake. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a major internalization route for PM proteins. During CME, endocytic adaptor proteins bind cargoes at the cell surface and link them to the PM and clathrin coat. Muniscins are a conserved family of endocytic adaptors, including Syp1 in budding yeast and its mammalian orthologue, FCHo1. These adaptors bind cargo via a C-terminal <i>μ</i>-homology domain (<i>μ</i>HD); however, few cargoes exhibiting muniscin-dependent endocytosis have been identified, and the sorting sequence recognized by the <i>µ</i>HD is unknown. To reveal Syp1 cargo-sorting motifs, we performed a phage display screen and used biochemical methods to demonstrate that the Syp1 <i>µ</i>HD binds DxY motifs in the previously identified Syp1 cargo Mid2 and the v-SNARE Snc1. We also executed an unbiased visual screen, which identified the peptide transporter Ptr2 and the ammonium permease Mep3 as Syp1 cargoes containing DxY motifs. Finally, we determined that, in addition to regulating cargo entry through CME, Syp1 can promote internalization of Ptr2 through a recently identified clathrin-independent endocytic pathway that requires the Rho1 GTPase. These findings elucidate the mechanism of Syp1 cargo recognition and its role in trafficking.
Room‐Temperature Red–Green–Blue Whispering‐Gallery Mode Lasing and White‐Light Emission from Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) Microstructures (2017)

Abstract Wavelength‐tunable nano/microlasers are essential components for various highly integrated and multifunctional photonic devices. Based on the different band gap/composition of inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite materials, broad band light absorption and emission devices can be achieved. Herein, a vapor–liquid–solid route for growing cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, I) microcrystal structures is demonstrated. These square‐shaped microstructures exhibit strong blue, green, and red photoluminescence, indicating that their band gaps can be engineered to cover the entire visible range. Optically pumped red–green–blue whispering‐gallery mode lasers based on the controlled composition of these microcrystals are successfully realized at room temperature. Moreover, rationally designed white‐light‐emitting chips with high brightness are fabricated utilizing these metal halide perovskite microstructures grown on sapphire. All these results evidently suggest a feasible route to the design of red–green–blue lasers and white‐light emitters for potential applications in full‐color displays as well as photonic devices.
Experimental investigation of a supersonic combustion flowfield employing staged transverse injection behind a rearward-facing step (1992)

An experimental investigation of a Mach 2 combustor has been conducted in order to characterize flowproperties in a supersonic reacting flowfield. Hydrogen was injected transversely as staged, underexpanded jets behind a rearward facing step into a ducted Mach 2 air free stream. The effects of the chemical reaction on the supersonic flowfield was investigated using shadowgraphs, broadband flame emission photography, and planar laser-induced fluorescence of OH. The shadowgraphs indicated a strong affect of the heat release on the wave pattern in the combustor, with a significant increase in flowfield unsteadiness. The broadband flame emission photographs revealed large regions of no combustion in the vicinityof the fuel injectors where fuellair mixing was insufficient to support combustion. These regions decreased in size as the free stream stagnation temperature was decreased for fixed hydrogen mass flow rate, consistent with an increase in the effective Q-ratio with combustion. The size of the zones containing OH in the planar fluorescence images also both increased as the main flow stagnation temperature was decreased. Reaction zones were found in the planar fluorescence images away from regions containing injectant in a non-reacting study of the same geometry, indicating that the pressure rise associated with the reaction forced a large redistribution of the fuel.
Conformational changes of the H+‐ATPase from Escherichia coli upon nucleotide binding detected by single molecule fluorescence (1998)

Using a confocal fluorescence microscope with an avalanche photodiode as detector, we studied the fluorescence of the tetramethylrhodamine labeled F1 part of the H+-ATPase from Escherichia coli, EF1, carrying the gammaT106-C mutation [Aggeler, J.A. and Capaldi, R.A. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21355-21359] in aqueous solution upon excitation with a mode-locked argon ion laser at 528 nm. The diffusion of the labeled EF1 through the confocal volume gives rise to photon bursts, which were analyzed with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, resulting in a diffusion coefficient of 3.3 x 10(-7) cm2 s(-1). In the presence of nucleotides the diffusion coefficient increases by about 15%. This effect indicates a change of the shape and/or the volume of the enzyme upon binding of nucleotides, i.e. fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with single EF1 molecules allows the detection of conformational changes.
Scaling relations in the quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet (2006)

The large-$N$ expansion of the quasi-two-dimensional quantum nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model is used in order to establish experimentally applicable universal scaling relations for the quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet. We show that, at $N=\ensuremath{\infty}$, the renormalized coordination number introduced by Yasuda et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 217201 (2005)] is a universal number in the limit of ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}∕J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. Moreover, similar scaling relations proposed by Hastings and Mudry [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 027215 (2006)] are derived at $N=\ensuremath{\infty}$ for the three-dimensional static spin susceptibility at the wave vector $(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi},0)$, as well as for the instantaneous structure factor at the same wave vector. We then use $1∕N$ corrections to study the relation between interplane coupling, correlation length, and critical temperature, and show that the universal scaling relations lead to logarithmic corrections to previous mean-field results.
Hydrogen Bonding in Phosphine Oxide/Phosphate–Phenol Complexes (2010)

To develop a new solvent-impregnated resin (SIR) system for the removal of phenols and thiophenols from water, complex formation by hydrogen bonding of phosphine oxides and phosphates is studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and quantum chemical modeling. Six different computational methods are used: B3LYP, M06-2X, MP2, spin component-scaled (SCS) MP2 [all four with 6-311+G(d,p) basis set], a complete basis set extrapolation at the MP2 level (MP2/CBS), and the composite CBS-Q model. This reveals a range of binding enthalpies (DeltaH) for phenol-phosphine oxide and phenol-phosphate complexes and their thio analogues. Both structural (bond lengths/angles) and electronic elements (charges, bond orders) are studied. Furthermore, solvent effects are investigated theoretically by the PCM solvent model and experimentally via ITC. From our calculations, a trialkylphosphine oxide is found to be the most promising extractant for phenol in SIRs, yielding DeltaH=-14.5 and -9.8 kcal mol(-1) with phenol and thiophenol, respectively (MP2/CBS), without dimer formation that would hamper the phenol complexation. In ITC measurements, the DeltaH of this complex was most negative in the noncoordinating solvent cyclohexane, and slightly less so in pi-pi interacting solvents such as benzene. The strongest binding is found for the dimethyl phosphate-phenol complex [-15.1 kcal mol(-1) (MP2/CBS)], due to the formation of two H-bonds (P=OH-O- and P-O-HO-H); however, dimer formation of these phosphates competes with complexation of phenol, and would thus hamper their use in industrial extractions. CBS-Q calculations display erroneous trends for sulfur compounds, and are found to be unsuitable. Computationally relatively cheap SCS-MP2 and M06-2X calculations did accurately agree with the much more elaborate MP2/CBS method, with an average deviation of less than 1 kcal mol(-1).
LambdaJIT (2014)

C++11 introduced a set of new features to extend the core language and the standard library. Amongst the new features are basic blocks for concurrency management like threads and atomic operation support, and a new syntax to declare single purpose, one off functions, called lambda functions, which integrate nicely to the Standard Template Library (STL). The STL provides a set of high level algorithms operating on data ranges, often applying a user defined function, which can now be expressed as a lambda function. Together, an STL algorithm and a lambda function provides a concise and efficient way to express a data traversal pattern and localized computation.
Mirroring resources or mapping requests: implementing WS-RF for grid workflows (2006)

The Web services resource framework (WS-RF) and the Web services notification (WS-N) specifications are a crucial component of grid infrastructures. They provide a standardized interface to stateful services so that they can be managed remotely. There are already several implementations of these specifications and initial performance studies have compared them in terms of the overhead observed by a single client. In this paper, we address the problem of implementing the WS-RF and WS-N specifications for large scale systems. In particular, we discuss how to implement WS-RF and WS-N as the management interfaces to a grid workflow engine. In the paper we describe and compare two different architectures for mapping resources to processes. The first one mirrors the state of the process as a resource. The second one maps the client requests to access the state of a resource embedded into the grid workflow engine. We include an extensive performance evaluation, comparing the resulting systems in terms of scalability when servicing a large number of concurrent clients.
Abnormal propagation and interface refraction of light in a photonic crystal and their applications (2003)

We analyze the abnormal refraction and propagation when a light beam of finite and practical width enters a photonic crystal from a uniform medium. The beam propagation in the photonic crystal is very complex, and in many cases, is beyond the realm of refraction (even with a renormalized refractive index given by photonic band calculation). Generally, light propagation is restricted to a triangular region (or a fan), although the light may not fill the whole triangle, nor is the light intensity uniform in the triangle. It is found beam divergence does not have a definite connection with the fan shape of the region of light propagation, in contrast to dynamic X-ray theory. A new origin of the fan shape is suggested. Also simulations indicate that at microscale, a narrow light beam may zigzag in a photonic crystal with sufficiently high index contrast. An application of this phenomenon is to make a wide angle bend for waveguides. The designed bending structure has low loss and matches the mode size of a typical single-mode waveguide for fiber-optic communications. Our simulations are based on two-dimensional photonic crystals.
Tungsten doped VO2/microgels hybrid thermochromic material and its smart window application (2017)

A new thermochromic composite was successfully synthesized by a combination of HPCA microgel and W doped VO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Within a suitable working temperature, this composite can provide excellent modulation in both the visible and IR ranges.
Quantitative Evaluation of DAS Passive Seismic Monitoring: Theory and Case Studies (2023)

Summary Passive seismic monitoring projects should start with a survey design process. It is a de facto standard in all hydraulic fracturing monitoring, production monitoring, and carbon capture and storage monitoring, where microseismic activity is considered. The present study extends the previous study for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) monitoring to estimate the uncertainty of event location and minimum magnitude sensitivity. DAS represents unique detectability compared to the geophone network, and it highlights the importance of dense array measurement with DAS. Our method explains the minimum magnitude in the real DAS measurement case study.
Experimental Investigation of the Statistics of the Interplay between Nonlinear and PDL Effects in Polarization Multiplexed Systems (2013)

Experimental studies of the combined nonlinear and PDL effects reveal that interplay between fiber nonlinearity and PDL changes the shape of the Q-distribution, which becomes narrower and asymmetric, depending on system parameters.