gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically Exfoliated Carbon Quantum Dots Modified Electrodes for Detection of Dopamine Neurotransmitter (2018)

A simple electroanalytical method was developed to detect dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter by using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified electrode. To synthesis CQDs, a green electrochemical method was adopted and graphite rods were used as anode and cathodes in 0.1 M NaOH/ethanol (EtOH) as the electrolyte solution. As-synthesized CQD showed different particle sizes depending on the applied current with time as characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. The particle size, lattice structure and functional groups of CQDs were analyzed by the HR-TEM, XRD and FT-IR, respectively. The CQD exhibited a green fluorescence under UV light (365 nm). Moreover, CQD dispersion was used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to study their electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties. The both GCE/CQD and SPCE/CQD showed higher electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of dopamine (DA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution (pH = 7.4). In order to avoid interferences, Nafion (Nf) layer was coated on the CQD film modified electrode. The effect of scan rate on DA oxidation was studied from 10 to 150 mV/s. The calibration curve was recorded for DA from 1 to 7 μM using a SPCE/CQD and the limit of detection was found to be 0.099 μM. The observed electro-catalytic activity of the CQD was attributed to their negatively charged functional groups which attracted positively charged DA in 0.1 M PBS. In addition, detection of DA in spiked human urine sample was demonstrated with satisfactory recovery analysis.
Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block (1998)

Infraclavicular brachial plexus block is a technique well suited to prolonged continuous catheter use.We used a coracoid approach to this block to create an easily understood technique. We reviewed the magnetic resonance images of the brachial plexus from 20 male and 20 female patients. Using scout films, the parasagittal section 2 cm medial to the coracoid process was identified. Along this oblique section, we located a point approximately 2 cm caudad to the coracoid process on the skin of the anterior chest wall. From this point, we determined simulated needle direction to contact the neurovascular bundle and measured depth. At the skin entry site, the direct posterior insertion of a needle will make contact with the cords of the brachial plexus where they surround the second part of the axillary artery in all images. The mean (range) distance (depth along the needle shaft) from the skin to the anterior wall of the axillary artery was 4.24 +/- 1.49 cm (2.25-7.75 cm) in men and 4.01 +/- 1.29 cm (2.25-6.5 cm) in women. Hopefully, this study will facilitate the use of this block. Implications: We sought a consistent, palpable landmark for facilitation of the infraclavicular brachial plexus block. We used magnetic resonance images of the brachial plexus to determine the depth and needle orientation needed to contact the brachial plexus. Hopefully, this study will facilitate the use of this block. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:870-3)
Hierarchical cellular multihop networks (2003)

Mobile communication systems beyond 3G will comprise cellular and self-organizing networks. In this paper an appropriate migration path towards the convergence of these two network types is highlighted and the resulting common radio network architecture is presented. Moreover, it is described how other network types, like satellite systems, will complement and support cellular and self-organizing networks. By means of example scenarios the way to beneficially combine both network types is investigated. Thereby, transport oriented aspects, especially resource allocation, multihop communication, routing, and special frequency reuse are the focus of attention. Furthermore, we present results of our research and show the challenges to be met in the design of future radio architectures.
MRT-gesteuerte periarterielle Alkoholinjektion zur renalen Sympathikusdenervierung - Machbarkeitsstudie im Schweinemodell (2013)

Ziele: Ziel dieser Studie war die Evaluation der Machbarkeit, Sicherheit und Effektivität der MRT-gesteuerten periarteriellen Alkoholinjektion zur renalen Sympathikusausschaltung als Therapieoption. Methode: Bei 6 Schweinen wurde eine unilaterale renale periarterielle Alkoholinjektion in Allgemeinnarkose durchgeführt, die kontralaterale Niere diente als Kontrolle. Alle Interventionen wurden im offenen 1.0 T MRT unter multiplanarer Echtzeit-Bildgebung durchgeführt. Das injizierte Volumen war 5 ml (95% Ethanol gemischt mit MR KM) in 2 Schweinen and 10 ml in 4 Schweinen. 28 ± 3 Tage postinterventionell wurden die Schweine mittels MRT/MRA untersucht und anschließend euthanasiert. Noradrenalin (NA) im Nierenparenchym diente als Effektivitätsparameter der sympathischen Denervierung. Die Nierenarterien und –nerven wurden histologisch mit H&E and EvG Färbungen untersucht, um Gefäß- und Nervenschädigungen zu identifizieren. Die Nieren wurden weiterhin in situ auf makroskopische Veränderungen untersucht. Ergebnis: Alle Interventionen waren technisch erfolgreich und ohne Komplikationen. Die mittlere Interventionszeit lag bei 28 ± 8 min. Verglichen mit der unbehandelten kontralateralen Niere fanden wir eine Reduktion der NA-Konzentration im Parenchym der behandelten Niere um 53% in den Schweinen mit 10 ml Ethanol-Injektionen. Zudem zeigte sich histologisch eine Nervendegeneration mit peri/endoneuraler Fibrose. Bei zwei Schweinen mit 5 ml Ethanol-Injektionen zeigten sich keine signifikanten Veränderungen der NA-Konzentration oder Histologie. Bei keinem Tier ergab sich makro-, mikroskopisch oder in der MRA ein Hinweis auf eine Nierenarterienstenose. Schlussfolgerung: Die MRT-gesteuerte periarterielle Alkoholinjektion zur renalen Sympathikusdenervierung im Schwein ist durchführbar und erscheint sicher und effektiv. Sie könnte somit eine Alternative zur katheterbasierten RF Ablation in der Behandlung der therapieresistenten arteriellen Hypertension darstellen.
Evaluation of Serum Bactericidal Antibody Assays forHaemophilus influenzaeSerotype a (2010)

Haemophilus influenzae type a (Hia) is an important pathogen for some American Indian, Alaskan native, and Northern Canada aboriginal populations. Assays to measure serum bactericidal activity (SBA) to Hia have not been developed or validated. Here, we describe two methods for the measurement of SBA: SBA with a viability endpoint (CFU counts) and SBA with a fluorometric endpoint using alamarBlue as the metabolic indicator. Both SBA assays measure Hia-specific functional antibody and correlate with anti-Hia IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) concentration of naturally acquired antibodies.
Singlet energy-transfer studies on associating protein systems. Distance measuremments on trypsin, .alpha.-chymotrypsin, and their protein inhibitors (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSinglet energy-transfer studies on associating protein systems. Distance measuremments on trypsin, .alpha.-chymotrypsin, and their protein inhibitorsLouise Slade Gennis, Robert B. Gennis, and Charles R. CantorCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 13, 2517–2524Publication Date (Print):June 20, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00763a021https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00763a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of rotary table grinding machine for large diameter Si wafers (2<sup>nd</sup> report: Performance investigation of wheel spindle designed to govern infeed motion) (2017)

Si wafer diameter tends to be increased from 300 mm to 450 mm in order to increase semiconductor device productivity. To this end, the authors developed a rotary grinding machine with high stiffness, equipped with water hydrostatic bearings. This grinding spindle is designed to govern infeed motion of the grinding wheel. This study investigates the basic design and performance of the grinding spindle system. This system itself is composed of a constant pressure water hydrostatic bearing as a radial bearing and a magnetic actuator as a thrust bearing. The magnetic actuator combine the infeed device and the thrust bearing. The measured results show that the static stiffness, Ks, is 1.06 kN/μm, the natural frequency is 353 Hz, and the positioning accuracy is 0.2 μm. These results meet the performance requirements necessary to grind φ450 mm Si wafer.
Vortex Generators in Lean-Premix Combustion (1999)

A novel fuel-air mixing technique on the basis of vortex generators has been developed and successfully implemented in the worlds first lean-premix reheat combustor of ABB’s GT24/GT26 series industrial gas turbines. This technique uses a special arrangement of delta-wing type vortex generators to achieve rapid mixing through longitudinal vortices, which produce low pressure drop and no recirculation zones along the mixing section. In this paper, after a short introduction to the topic, the motivation for utilizing vortex generators and the main considerations in their design are explained. A detailed analysis of the flow field, pressure drop and the strength of the vortices generated by a single vortex generator are presented as one of the three main geometrical parameters is varied. The results obtained through water model tests indicate that an optimum vortex generator geometry exists, which produces the maximum circulation at a relatively low pressure drop price. Moreover, the axial velocity distribution along the mixing section stays uniform enough to assure flash-back free operation despite the elevated inlet temperatures encountered in a reheat combustor. After selecting this optimized geometry, the process of the arrangement of multiple vortex generators in an annular combustor segment is described. The optimum arrangement presented here is suitable both for gaseous and liquid fuel injection, since it requires only one injection location per combustor segment.
Understanding the Dielectric Properties of Heat-Treated Carbon Nanofibers at Terahertz Frequencies: a New Perspective on the Catalytic Activity of Structured Carbonaceous Materials (2009)

Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has been used to study the electrical and optical properties of a series of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) that have undergone different heat treatments. The high-temperature heat-treated (HHT) sample displayed increased absorption and real refractive indices across the range 0.3−3.5 THz when compared to the low-temperature heat-treated (LHT) and pyrolitically stripped (PS) samples. The experimental results were fitted by using a Drude−Lorentz model and an effective medium approximation to yield the electrical parameters of the sample such as the plasma frequency, phonon mode frequency, and oscillator strength. These parameters were used to rationalize the differences as being due to an increase in graphitic order in the HHT sample when compared to the LHT sample and to an even greater extent the PS sample. HHT, LHT, and PS CNFs can be used as catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. They exhibit different catalytic yield and selectivity which can be correlated with their dielectric properties at terahertz frequencies. The results suggest that THz-TDS is a useful tool for characterizing the graphiticity of CNFs in terms of electon density and mobility which, in turn, correlate with the catalytic performance of these materials.
Self-Aligned Metal Source/Drain InxGa1-xAs n-Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors Using Ni–InGaAs Alloy (2011)

We report that a Ni–InGaAs alloy can be used as a source/drain (S/D) metal for InGaAs metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), allowing us to employ the salicide-like self-align S/D formation. We also introduce Schottky barrier height (SBH) engineering process by increasing the indium content of InxGa1-xAs channels, which successfully reduces SBH down to zero. We propose a fabrication process for self-aligned metal S/D MOSFETs using Ni–InGaAs and demonstrate successful operation of the metal S/D InxGa1-xAs MOSFETs. The In0.7Ga0.3As MOSFETs exhibit an S/D resistance (RSD) that is 1/5 lower than that in P–N junction devices and a high peak mobility of 2000 cm2 V-1 s-1.
Modeling Species Inhibition and Competitive Adsorption in Urea-SCR Catalysts (2012)

Although the urea-SCR technology exhibits high NOx reduction efficiency over a wide range of temperatures among the lean NOx reduction technologies, further improvement in low-temperature performance is required to meet the future emission standards and to lower the system cost. In order to improve the catalyst technologies and optimize the system performance, it is critical to understand the reaction mechanisms and catalyst behaviors with respect to operating conditions. Urea-SCR catalysts exhibit poor NOx reduction performance at low temperature operating conditions (T < 150 C). We postulate that the poor performance is either due to NH3 storage inhibition by species like hydrocarbons or due to competitive adsorption between NH3 and other adsorbates such as H2O and hydrocarbons in the exhaust stream. In this paper we attempt to develop one-dimensional models to characterize inhibition and competitive adsorption in Fe-zeolite based urea-SCR catalysts based on bench reactor experiments. We further use the competitive adsorption (CA) model to develop a standard SCR model based on previously identified kinetics. Simulation results indicate that the CA model predicts catalyst outlet NO and NH3 concentrations with minimal root mean square error.
Identification of tonin in brain and exocrine tissues and in the cell-free translation products encoded by the mRNA of these tissues (1987)

Tissue-specific expression of the esteropeptidase tonin [EC 3.4.99.-] was investigated in rat brain, submandibular gland, pancreas and kidney. Specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to purified rat tonin from the submandibular gland have been developed and characterized and have been purified via a tonin-agarose affinity column. Immunoreactive tonin was measured by a recently developed tonin direct radioimmunoassay using a rabbit tonin antiserum. Resulting tonin levels were found to be 105.27 +/- 2.71 micrograms/mg (of protein) in submandibular gland, 3.18 +/- 0.32 ng/mg in pancreas, 1.35 +/- 0.08 ng/mg in kidney and 0.12 +/- 0.01 ng/mg in brain (means +/- S.E.M.). Western-blot analysis shows that affinity-purified anti-tonin antibody binds to a 32,000-Mr protein from brain and submandibular-gland extracts. The protein, a tonin precursor, was identified from cell-free translation products directly by polyadenylated [Poly(A)+]mRNA species in a wheat-germ system. After the translation products were subjected to immunoprecipitation with affinity-purified tonin antibody, SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of these precipitates revealed two precursors of tonin, with Mr values of 30,000 and 29,000, which are encoded by brain and submandibular-gland mRNA; however, only the 30,000-Mr preprotonin was encoded by pancreas and kidney mRNA. Collectively, the data show that tonin exists in brain, submandibular gland, pancreas and kidney, and can be synthesized by the mRNA of these tissues.
Multi-source data analysis challenges (1998)

The factors making multi-source data analysis pervasive in the near future are: ease and cost effectiveness of digital data acquisition; fidelity, detail and practicality of computational simulations; and networks that make data from many sources accessible to a single user or application. Bringing data from multiple sources together is much more powerful than using each source separately, and computer systems can provide support for users in situations where they would be overwhelmed by volume or complexity without the support. However, multi-source data analysis still face challenges in the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative, geosciences, atmospheric sciences, medicine, and aerospace engineering design, and these challenges are presented.
STAT3 and STAT1 mediate IL-11–dependent and inflammation-associated gastric tumorigenesis in gp130 receptor mutant mice (2008)

Deregulated activation of STAT3 is frequently associated with many human hematological and epithelial malignancies, including gastric cancer. While exaggerated STAT3 signaling facilitates an antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, and proproliferative environment for neoplastic cells, the molecular mechanisms leading to STAT3 hyperactivation remain poorly understood. Using the gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mouse model of gastric cancer, which carries a mutated gp130 cytokine receptor signaling subunit that cannot bind the negative regulator of cytokine signaling SOCS3 and is characterized by hyperactivation of the signaling molecules STAT1 and STAT3, we have provided genetic evidence that IL-11 promotes chronic gastric inflammation and associated tumorigenesis. Expression of IL-11 was increased in gastric tumors in gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice, when compared with unaffected gastric tissue in wild-type mice, while gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice lacking the IL-11 ligand-binding receptor subunit (IL-11Ralpha) showed normal gastric STAT3 activation and IL-11 expression and failed to develop gastric tumors. Furthermore, reducing STAT3 activity in gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice, either genetically or by therapeutic administration of STAT3 antisense oligonucleotides, normalized gastric IL-11 expression and alleviated gastric tumor burden. Surprisingly, the genetic reduction of STAT1 expression also reduced gastric tumorigenesis in gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice and coincided with reduced gastric inflammation and IL-11 expression. Collectively, our data have identified IL-11 as a crucial cytokine promoting chronic gastric inflammation and associated tumorigenesis mediated by excessive activation of STAT3 and STAT1.
Access of the substrate to the active site of squalene and oxidosqualene cyclases: comparative inhibition, site-directed mutagenesis and homology-modelling studies (2005)

Substrate access to the active-site cavity of squalene-hopene cyclase from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarious and lanosterol synthase [OSC (oxidosqualene cyclase)] from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by an inhibition, mutagenesis and homology-modelling approach. Crystal structure and homology modelling indicate that both enzymes possess a narrow constriction that separates an entrance lipophilic channel from the active-site cavity. The role of the constriction as a mobile gate that permits substrate passage was investigated by experiments in which critically located Cys residues, either present in native protein or inserted by site-directed mutagenesis, were labelled with specifically designed thiol-reacting molecules. Some amino acid residues of the yeast enzyme, selected on the basis of sequence alignment and a homology model, were individually replaced by residues bearing side chains of different lengths, charges or hydrophobicities. In some of these mutants, substitution severely reduced enzymatic activity and thermal stability. Homology modelling revealed that in these mutants some critical stabilizing interactions could no longer occur. The possible critical role of entrance channel and constriction in specific substrate recognition by eukaryotic OSC is discussed.
Noncanonical SMC protein in Mycobacterium smegmatis restricts maintenance of Mycobacterium fortuitum plasmids (2014)

Research on tuberculosis and leprosy was revolutionized by the development of a plasmid transformation system in the fast-growing surrogate, Mycobacterium smegmatis. This transformation system was made possible by the successful isolation of a M. smegmatis mutant strain mc(2)155, whose efficient plasmid transformation (ept) phenotype supported the replication of Mycobacterium fortuitum pAL5000 plasmids. In this report, we identified the EptC gene, the loss of which confers the ept phenotype. EptC shares significant amino acid sequence homology and domain structure with the MukB protein of Escherichia coli, a structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein. Surprisingly, M. smegmatis has three paralogs of SMC proteins: EptC and MSMEG_0370 both share homology with Gram-negative bacterial MukB; and MSMEG_2423 shares homology with Gram-positive bacterial SMCs, including the single SMC protein predicted for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. Purified EptC was shown to bind ssDNA and stabilize negative supercoils in plasmid DNA. Moreover, an EptC-mCherry fusion protein was constructed and shown to bind to DNA in live mycobacteria, and to prevent segregation of plasmid DNA to daughter cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of impaired plasmid maintenance caused by a SMC homolog, which has been canonically known to assist the segregation of genetic materials.
Dietary Fat and Sugar in Promoting Cancer Development and Progression (2019)

The uncontrolled cellular growth that characterizes tumor formation requires a constant delivery of nutrients. Since the 1970s, researchers have wondered if the supply of nutrients from the diet could impact tumor development. Numerous studies have assessed the impact of dietary components, specifically sugar and fat, to increased cancer risk. For the most part, data from these trials have been inconclusive; however, this does not indicate that dietary factors do not contribute to cancer progression. Rather, the dietary contribution may be dependent on tumor, patient, and context, making it difficult to detect in the setting of large trials. In this review, we combine data from prospective cohort trials with mechanistic studies in mice to argue that fat and sugar can play a role in tumorigenesis and disease progression. We find that certain tumors may respond directly to dietary sugar (colorectal and endometrial cancers) and fat (prostate cancer) or indirectly to the obese state (breast cancer).
Exploiting cellphones for distributed search for mobile objects (2009)

Cellular phones extend the traditional view on sensor and ad-hoc networks by allowing global communication through cellular infrastructure in addition to local ad-hoc communication. We exploit this mediation characteristic of cellular phones in a participatory sensor network supporting the search for mobile objects that can be sensed in the vicinity of cellphones but have no communication facilities. Our proposal improves upon existing geographic routing algorithms by using scoped flooding in order to take into account real-world constraints such as infrequent sensing with limited sensing ranges. We further make selective use of cellular communication to avoid the delay it takes to traverse long multi-hop routes. As we show, a well designed system reduces search delay and at the same time lowers cost in terms of energy spent for cellular and ad-hoc communication.