gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryobiology of non-human primate oocytes (1996)

The responses to various stresses involved with cryopreservation protocols were investigated using non-human primate oocytes. Fluorescence microscopy was used to assess the status of the F-actin microfilament system of rhesus monkey oocytes after exposure to different concentrations of glycerol. The F-actin organization around the cortex and in the transzonal processes was modified by exposure to 1.0 ot 2.0 M glycerol at ambient temperature. These effects were reduced significantly when exposure to glycerol was combined with cooling to O degrees C. Cynomolgus monkey oocytes were also subjected to hyperosmotic stress and observed for morphological changes. An irregular shrinkage phenomenon was observed with germinal vesicle or metaphase I but not metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The irregular shrinkage became uniform and spherical when the oocytes were pretreated with ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N'N' tetraacetic acid (EGTA) before exposure to hypertonic solution. Also, in-vitro-matured MII oocytes from cynomolgus monkeys were used to determine crucial biophysical parameters for freezing primate oocytes. The permeability of oocyte plasma membrane to water, Lpg, and its activation energy, ELp, were determined between 0 and -12 degrees C in the absence of cryoprotective additives. The Lpg was found to be 3.8x10(-14) m3N/s and the ELp was 141.5 kJ/mol. the pre-exponential kinetic and exponential thermodynamic parameters of intracellular ice formation were determined to be 8x108 m2/S and 2. 2x10(9) K5 respectively. By combining models of water transport and intracellular ice formation, the cumulative fraction of oocytes with intracellular ice as a function of the cooling rate was also predicted, and it was shown to correlate reasonably with experimental observations.
Shalt2 (1992)

Shalt2 is a knowledge-based machine translation system with a symmetric architecture. The grammar rules, mapping rules between syntactic and conceptual (semantic) representations, and transfer rules for conceptual paraphrasing are all bi-directional knowledge sources used by both a parser and a generator.
Singularity-Circumvented Computation of Green's Functions for 2D Periodic Structures in Homogeneous Medium (2007)

This paper suggests a novel method to efficiently calculate the spatial-domain Green's functions of 2D electromagnetic problems Briefly speaking, this method combines spectral and spatial domain calculation schemes and prevents the Green's functions from poor convergence due to the singularities that complicate the process of the Method of Moment(MoM) applications For the validation of this proposed method, fields will be evaluated along the spatial distance including zero distance for 2D free-space and periodic homogeneous geometry The numerical results show the validity of the prosed method and correspondng physics.
Phosphorylation of Human Tristetraprolin in Response to Its Interaction with the Cbl Interacting Protein CIN85 (2010)

These studies describe interactions between hTTP and nucleolin, cytoplasmic PABP, heat shock protein 70 and CIN85; these interactions were initially discovered by two-hybrid analysis, and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. We found that CIN85 binding to a C-terminal motif within hTTP led to the increased phosphorylation of hTTP, possibly through enhanced association with MEKK4. The functional consequences to each of the members of this putative complex remain to be determined.
Serum Levels of Progranulin Do Not Reflect Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Neurodegenerative Disease (2016)

Altered progranulin levels play a major role in neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), even in the absence of GRN mutations. Increasing progranulin levels could hereby provide a novel treatment strategy. However, knowledge on progranulin regulation in neurodegenerative diseases remains limited. We here demonstrate that cerebrospinal fluid progranulin levels do not correlate with its serum levels in AD, FTD and ALS, indicating a differential regulation of its central and peripheral levels in neurodegeneration. Blood progranulin levels thus do not reliably predict central nervous progranulin levels and their response to future progranulin-increasing therapeutics. Keywords: Alzheimer’s dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, biomarker, case-control study, cerebrospinal fluid, frontotemporal dementia, GRN, progranulin, serum.
Memory in nonlinear ionization of transparent dielectrics (2007)

We show a reduction in the ionization threshold at previously ionized regions inside transparent solids. This forms a shot-to-shot memory that can lead to several unique nonlinear phenomena including the formation of nanostructures.
Automatic Sensor Frame Identification in Industrial Robots With Joint Elasticity (2013)

For robots with joint elasticity, discrepancies exist between the motor side information and the load side (i.e., end-effector) information. Therefore, high tracking performance at the load side can hardly be achieved when the estimate of load side information is inaccurate. To minimize such inaccuracies, it is desired to calibrate the load side sensor (in particular, the exact sensor location). In practice, the optimal placement of the load side sensor often varies due to the task variation necessitating frequent sensor calibrations. This frequent calibration need requires significant effort and hence is not preferable for industries which have relatively short product cycles. To solve this problem, this paper presents a sensor frame identification algorithm to automate this calibration process for the load side sensor, in particular the accelerometer. We formulate the calibration problem as a nonlinear estimation problem with unknown parameters. The Expectation-Maximization algorithm is utilized to decouple the state estimation and the parameter estimation into two separated optimization problems. An overall dual-phase learning structure associated with the proposed approach is also studied. Experiments are designed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
ILT3 (LILRB4) Promotes the Immunosuppressive Function of Tumor-Educated Human Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2020)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are immature myeloid cells that accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME). MDSCs have been shown to dampen antitumor immune responses and promote tumor growth; however, the mechanisms of MDSC induction and their role in promoting immune suppression in cancer remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the phenotype and function of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSC) generated by coculture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with SK-MEL-5 cancer cells <i>in vitro</i>. We selected the SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cell line to generate M-MDSCs because these cells form subcutaneous tumors rich in myeloid cells in humanized mice. M-MDSCs generated via SK-MEL-5 coculture expressed low levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, high levels of CD33 and CD11b, and suppressed both CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell proliferation and IFNγ secretion. M-MDSCs also expressed higher levels of immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3, also known as LILRB4) and immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4, also known as LILRB2) on the cell surface compared with monocytes. Therefore, we investigated how ILT3 targeting could modulate M-MDSC cell function. Treatment with an anti-ILT3 antibody impaired the acquisition of the M-MDSC suppressor phenotype and reduced the capacity of M-MDSCs to cause T-cell suppression. Finally, in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), ILT3 blockade enhanced T-cell activation as assessed by IFNγ secretion. IMPLICATIONS: These results suggest that ILT3 expressed on M-MDSCs has a role in inducing immunosuppression in cancer and that antagonism of ILT3 may be useful to reverse the immunosuppressive function of M-MDSCs and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Experimental Repeatability of a Thermal Actuator for Nanopositioning (2004)

Microactuators are increasingly being applied to nanometer-accurate position control. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using the thermomechanical in-plane microactuator (TIM) in nanopositioning applications. The TIM is a class of thermal actuators in which electric current flows through thin beams which are arranged in a chevron pattern. The beam angle and end constraints amplify the thermal expansion to achieve a larger output displacement. As a fully compliant mechanism, the TIM has potential for superb accuracy because it does not experience friction or backlash. Repeatability tests are conducted with two different TIM configurations. Both are fabricated from polycrystalline silicon by surface micromachining. The first configuration is actuated 33 times with an open loop current of 4 mA. The steady-state displacements are measured from scanning electron micrographs. The average displacement is 222 nm and the standard deviation is 8.4 nm, which results in a 95% precision interval of ±17 nm. The second configuration is cycled 31 times with 10 mA and an average displacement of 697 nm. The standard deviation is 6.8 nm and the 95% precision interval is ±14 nm. The open-loop repeatabilities observed in these tests indicate that the TIM is suitable for nanopositioning, and even better performance is anticipated with the implementation of feedback control.
Strain and Conduction-Band Offset in Narrow n-type FinFETs (2013)

In this paper, we compare measurements of the conduction-band (CB) offset in [110]- and [010]-oriented narrow n-type FinFETs with a model taking into account both strain and quantum confinement. We estimate the complete strain tensor for the scarce strain measurement points available with finite-element-method simulations of the thermal expansion effect. We found an inhomogeneous compressive strain that increases for smaller fin widths. The experimental CB offset is extracted from temperature-dependent transfer characteristics. The results show a lowering of the CB edge up to 40 meV for fin widths down to 5 nm. These experimental observations compare well with the model, and hence, the band offset can be explained by both quantum confinement and strain.
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE-ELEMENT BULK SiGe THIN-FILM COOLERS (2005)

Abstract Modeling and optimization of bulk SiGe thin-film coolers are described. Thin-film coolers can provide large cooling power densities compared to commercial thermoelectrics. Thin-film SiGe coolers have been demonstrated with maximum cooling of 4°C at room temperature and with cooling power density exceeding 500 W/cm2. Important parameters in the design of such coolers are investigated theoretically and are compared with experimental data. Thermoelectric cooling, joule heating, and heat conduction are included in the model as well as non-ideal effects such as contact resistance, geometrical effects, and three-dimensional thermal and electrical spreading resistance of the substrate. Simulations exhibit good agreement with experimental results for bulk Si and SiGe thin-film coolers. It turned out that in many spot cooling applications using two n- and p-elements electrically in series and thermally in parallel does not give significant improvement over single leg elements. This is in contrast to conventional thermoelectric modules and is due to the aspect ratio and special geometry of thin film coolers. With optimization of SiGe thin-film cooler, simulations predict it can provide over 16°C with cooling power density of over 2000 W/cm2.
Synthesis and serotonergic pharmacology of the enantiomers of 3-[(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-5-methoxy-1H-indole: discovery of stereogenic differentiation in the aminoethyl side chain of the neurotransmitter serotonin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and serotonergic pharmacology of the enantiomers of 3-[(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-5-methoxy-1H-indole: discovery of stereogenic differentiation in the aminoethyl side chain of the neurotransmitter serotoninJohn E. Macor, James Blake, Carol B. Fox, Celeste Johnson, B. Kenneth Koe, Lorraine A. Lebel, Jean M. Morrone, Kevin Ryan, Anne W. Schmidt, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 23, 4503–4505Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00101a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00101a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views410Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Secondary amenorrhea reveals a polyglandular auto-immune syndrome of type II (2018)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Altered IFNγ Signaling and Preserved Susceptibility to Activated Natural Killer Cell–Mediated Lysis of BCR/ABL Targets (2005)

Previous studies have shown that BCR/ABL oncogene, the molecular counterpart of the Ph1 chromosome, could represent a privileged target to natural killer (NK) cells. In the present study, we showed that activated peripheral NK cells killed high-level BCR/ABL transfectant UT-7/9 derived from the pluripotent hematopoietic cell line UT-7 with a high efficiency. To further define the mechanisms controlling BCR/ABL target susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis, we studied the effect of IFNgamma, a key cytokine secreted by activated NK cells, on the lysis of these targets. Treatment of UT-7, UT-7/neo, and low BCR/ABL transfectant UT-7/E8 cells with IFNgamma resulted in a dramatic induction of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules and subsequently in their reduced susceptibility to NK-mediated cytolysis likely as a consequence of inhibitory NK receptors engagement. In contrast, such treatment neither affected HLA-I expression on transfectants expressing high level of BCR/ABL (UT-7/9) nor modulated their lysis by NK cells. Our data further show that the high-level BCR/ABL in UT-7/9 cells display an altered IFNgamma signaling, as evidenced by a decrease in IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 induction and activation in response to IFNgamma, whereas this pathway is normal in UT-7 and UT-7/E8 cells. A decreased HLA-I induction and nuclear phospho-STAT1 nuclear translocation were also observed in blasts from most chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in response to IFNgamma. These results outline the crucial role of IFNgamma in the control of target cell susceptibility to lysis by activated NK cells and indicate that the altered response to IFNgamma in BCR/ABL targets may preserve these cells from the cytokine-induced negative regulatory effect on their susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis.
333-OR: Oxyntomodulin Analog LY3305677 (LY) Improves Glycemic Control and Weight Loss in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2022)

LY is an acylated peptide analog of oxyntomodulin, a dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist. We conducted 2 randomized, double-blind, phase 1 multiple ascending subcutaneous dosing studies in healthy subjects (S1, NCT03325387) and in T2D patients (S2, NCT03928379) to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. In S1, 4 cohorts of healthy subjects received placebo or LY once-weekly (QW) for 4 weeks. In S2, T2D subjects received placebo or LY QW in 2 cohorts with doses escalated over 12 or 16 weeks. A total of 54 subjects completed S1 and 24 patients completed S2. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events in both studies (decreased appetite, nausea, and diarrhea) were mostly mild in severity, and no deaths or serious adverse events were reported. Pharmacokinetic results were consistent between healthy subjects and T2D patients and supported weekly dosing. In healthy subjects, fasting glucose levels were decreased from baseline with increasing LY doses, and reductions in mean body weight from baseline were generally seen with increasing doses, with the largest change observed on Day 29. In T2D subjects during weeks 12-16, preliminary results of mean HbA1c changes from baseline ranged from -1.56% to -2.16% in LY-treated vs. -0.43% to -0.70% in placebo subjects, and mean body weight changes from baseline ranged from -2.30 kg to -11.24 kg in LY-treated vs. -0.35 kg to -2.03 kg in placebo subjects. Fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucagon levels were decreased from baseline with LY vs. placebo at weeks 12-16. We conclude that LY was well tolerated in both studies, with a safety profile similar to selective GLP-1 receptor agonists. LY has a promising pharmacodynamic profile with potential for therapeutic benefit in T2D, obesity, or other metabolic diseases. Disclosure C.Benson: None. L.Tham: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. Y.Du: None. S.Gurbuz: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. D.A.Robins: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. K.J.Mather: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. C.Tang: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. M.K.Thomas: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company.
Using the Representation in a Neural Network's Hidden Layer for Task-Specific Focus of Attention. (1995)

In many real-world tasks, the ability to focus attention on the important features of the input is crucial for good performance. In this paper a mechanism for achieving task-specific focus of attention is presented. A saliency map, which is based upon a computed expectation of the contents of the inputs at the next time step, indicates which regions of the input retina are important for performing the task. The saliency map can be used to accentuate the features which are important, and de-emphasize those which are not. The performance of this method is demonstrated on a real-world robotics task: autonomous road following. The applicability of this method is also demonstrated in a non-visual domain. Architectural and algorithmic details are provided, as well as empirical results.
Improvement of substrate and package warpage by copper plating process optimization (2014)

High substrate warpage can lead to unacceptable yield loss during chip attach in assembly, and cause high yield fallout during package mount on the circuit board. For the first time, through this work, the electrolytic copper (Cu) plating process in substrate manufacturing was shown to contribute significantly to package warpage. For a 14×14mm package, reducing the Cu plating rate (within the manufacturing operating window) resulted in 21% package warpage reduction, while a change in Cu plating solution provided an additional 6% reduction (total 27% reduction). Hence the Cu plating process and solution must be carefully scrutinized to minimize package warpage, specifically for thin packages (<;1mm) where Cu stresses become a large contributing factor.
Microfluidics: Nanostructuring of Titania Thin Films by a Combination of Microfluidics and Block‐Copolymer‐Based Sol–Gel Templating (Small 7/2011) (2011)

Abstract Sol–gel templating of titania thin films with the amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(dimethyl siloxane)‐ block ‐methyl methacrylate poly(ethylene oxide) is combined with microfluidic technology to control the structure formation. Due to the laminar flow conditions in the microfluidic cell, a better control of the local composition of the reactive fluid is achieved. The resulting titania films exhibit mesopores and macropores, as determined with scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray reflectivity, and grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering. The titania morphology has three features that are beneficial for application in photovoltaics: 1) a large surface‐to‐volume ratio important for charge generation with disordered hexagonally arranged mesopores of 25 nm size and a film porosity of up to 0.79, 2) enhanced light scattering that enables the absorption of more light, and 3) a dense titania layer with a thickness of about 6 nm at the substrate (bottom electrode) to prevent short circuits. An optical characterization complements the structural investigation.
Comparison of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and osteoactivin for mesenchymal cell differentiation: Effects of bolus and continuous administration (2011)

Current osteoinductive protein therapy utilizes bolus administration of large doses of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which is costly, and may not replicate normal bone healing. The limited in vivo biologic activity of BMPs requires the investigation of growth factors that may enhance this activity. In this study, we utilized the C3H10T1/2 murine mesenchymal stem cell line to test the hypotheses that osteoactivin (OA) has comparable osteoinductive effects to bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and that sustained administration of either growth factor would result in increased osteoblastic differentiation as compared to bolus administration. Sustained release biodegradable hydrogels were designed, and C3H10T1/2 cells were grown on hydrogels loaded with BMP-2 or OA. Controls were grown on unloaded hydrogels, and positive controls were exposed to bolus growth factor administration. Cells were harvested at several time points to assess osteoblastic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, and gene expression of ALP and osteocalcin were assessed. Treatment with OA or BMP-2 resulted in comparable effects on osteoblastic marker expression. However, cells grown on hydrogels demonstrated osteoblastic differentiation that was not as robust as cells treated with bolus administration. This study shows that OA has comparable effects to BMP-2 on osteoblastic differentiation using both bolus administration and continuous release, and that bolus administration of OA has a more profound effect than administration using hydrogels for sustained release. This study will lead to a better understanding of appropriate delivery methods of osteogenic growth factors like OA for repair of fractures and segmental bone defects.