gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DOES INTERNAL CONVECTION PROMOTE MICRO-EXPLOSION OF W/O EMULSION DROPLETS? (2023)

W/O emulsions are considered as a beneficial alternative to the use of fossil hydrocarbon fuels and not treated vegetable oils. The presence of a dispersed phase composed of water allows to reduce pollutant emissions and also increases combustion efficiency because of the so-called micro-explosion phenomenon. This micro-explosion has a strong stochastic behavior, and its realization depends on several parameters such as water droplet size distribution and motion during heating. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of the water droplet behavior on the atomization rate. PLIF technique is used to visualize and track the motion of the water droplets dispersed inside heated emulsion drops. Natural convection of the water droplets is observed, and its impact on coalescence and atomization rate is investigated. Emulsion with small size distributions and high droplet velocity tends to show a low or nonexistent micro-explosion rate, while coarse emulsions show an important coalescence rate, resulting in a high micro-explosion occurrence. Finally, a dimensionless indicator measuring dispersed-phase motion intensity is proposed.
Von datenbasierter zu datengetriebener Geschäftsmodellentwicklung: Ein Überblick über Software-Tools und deren Datennutzung (2021)

Die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung des eigenen Geschaftsmodells ist fur eine Organisation von entscheidender Bedeutung, um wettbewerbsfahig und somit nachhaltig erfolgreich zu bleiben. Wahrend fur die Entwicklung neuer Geschaftsmodelle haufig Workshops und einfache Software-Tools zur Visualisierung genutzt werden, wurden in der Forschung bereits erste Ansatze von datengetriebener Geschaftsmodellentwicklung (GME) vorgestellt. Diese Ansatze nutzen dabei Daten, Informationen oder auch Wissen aus internen und externen Unternehmensquellen, um den GME-Prozess zu unterstutzen. Innerhalb dieses Beitrags zeigen wir einige Ansatze aus der aktuellen Literatur und analysieren wie ihre Datennutzung den GME-Prozess unterstutzt. Weiterhin stellen wir mit dem BMDL Feature Modeler ein Tool vor, welches den GME-Prozess mit Expertenwissen unterstutzt.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: The Accuracy of Fecal Occult Blood-Reply (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Greegor speculates that our colorectal cancers were young and, accordingly, that detection rates were very good. Many primary cancers in the postresection group may have been synchronous rather than metachronous, as they were discovered at the first colorectal follow-up evaluation and were large in size. Nevertheless, premalignant adenomas or early-stage cancers, rather than late-stage cancers, are the important targets for screening. The observed miss rates of about 70% for cancer and 90% for polyps will certainly compromise the efficacy of screening or case detection. We are unaware of data on how a high-roughage diet affects FOBT validity. As we stated in the "Methods" section, HemoQuant results were expressed as hemoglobin equivalents for the very reasons given by Drs Young and St. John. The various classes of FOBTs detect different components or analytes of hemoglobin, and none measures the molecule in total. Because its analytes include both intact
An empirical model for strategic network formation (2017)

We develop and analyze a tractable empirical model for strategic network formation that can be estimated with data from a single network at a single point in time. We model the network formation as a sequential process where in each period a single randomly selected pair of agents has the opportunity to form a link. Conditional on such an opportunity, a link will be formed if both agents view the link as beneficial to them. They base their decision on their own characateristics, the characteristics of the potential partner, and on features of the current state of the network, such as whether the the two potential partners already ave friends in common. A key assumption is that agents do not take into account possible future changes to the network. This assumption avoids complications with the presence of multiple equilibria, and also greatly simplifies the computational burden of anlyzing these models. We use Bayesian markov-chain-monte-carlo methods to obtain draws from the posterior distribution of interest. We apply our methods to a social network of 669 high school students, with, on average, 4.6 friends. We then use the model to evaluate the effect of an alternative assignment to classes on the topology of the network.
DEK, a nuclear protein, is chemotactic for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells acting through CXCR2 and Gαi signaling (2022)

Few cytokines/growth modulating proteins are known to be chemoattractants for hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor cells (HPC); stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α/CXCL12) being the most potent known such protein. DEK, a nuclear DNA-binding chromatin protein with hematopoietic cytokine-like activity, is a chemotactic factor attracting mature immune cells. Transwell migration assays were performed to test whether DEK serves as a chemotactic agent for HSC/HPC. DEK induced dose- and time-dependent directed migration of lineage negative (Lin<sup>-</sup> ) Sca-1<sup>+</sup> c-Kit<sup>+</sup> (LSK) bone marrow (BM) cells, HSCs and HPCs. Checkerboard assays demonstrated that DEK's activity was chemotactic (directed), not chemokinetic (random migration), in nature. DEK and SDF1α compete for HSC/HPC chemotaxis. Blocking CXCR2 with neutralizing antibodies or inhibiting Gαi protein signaling with Pertussis toxin pretreatment inhibited migration of LSK cells toward DEK. Thus, DEK is a novel and rare chemotactic agent for HSC/HPC acting in a direct or indirect CXCR2 and Gαi protein-coupled signaling-dependent manner.
End Effects in Multiphase Fractional Slot Concentrated-Winding Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (2010)

Fractional-slot concentrated windings have been gaining a lot of interest in permanent magnet synchronous machines. This is due to the advantages they provide, including shorter nonoverlapping end turns, higher efficiency, higher power density, higher slot fill factor, lower manufacturing cost, better flux-weakening capability resulting in wider constant power versus speed range, and fault tolerance. This paper investigates the end effects in this type of machines. The study focuses on eddy-current losses in the frame, end shields, and clamping rings (magnetic/nonmagnetic). Desirable slot/pole combinations for different number of phases are investigated including both the single- and the double-layer windings. Suggestions for clearances between end windings and the support structure are given.
Optimal Data Partitioning of MPEG-2 Coded Video (2004)

We analyze the problem of optimal data partitioning of MPEG-2 coded video in an operational rate-distortion context. The optimal algorithm is characterized and shown to have high complexity and delay. A causally optimal algorithm based on Lagrangian optimization is proposed, that optimally solves the problem for intra (I) pictures, and provides an optimal solution for predicted/interpolated (P/B) pictures when the additional constraints of causal operation and/or low-delay are imposed. A memoryless version of the algorithm, theoretically optimal for intrapictures only, is shown to perform almost identically but with significantly less computational complexity. Finally, a fast, suboptimal algorithm using purely rate-based optimization is also proposed, and is shown to perform quite close (within 1 dB) to the causally optimal one. Experimental results are provided using actual MPEG-2 coded video bitstreams.
Trans-azetidine-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid activates neuronal metabotropic receptors (1993)

The expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurones can be: (i) modulated by the degree of depolarization during the culture period, rendering neurones differently sensitive to agonist-stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) hydrolysis; (ii) down-regulated by specific mGluR agonists. In this culture the new rigid glutamate analogue, (+/-)-trans-azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (t-ADA) and the known mGluR agonist 1S,3R-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD) stimulated IP formation in line with the depolarization-modified expression of mGluR1. However, the two compounds caused different patterns of mGluR down-regulation. The effects of t-ADA and 1S,3R-ACPD were also tested on transformed human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with mGluR1. Only 1S,3R-ACPD, but not t-ADA, stimulated IP hydrolysis, suggesting that t-ADA acts on a subtype of metabotropic receptors different from mGluR1. Hence, t-ADA might prove useful in differentiating the function of various mGluR subtypes.
Remote monitoring in heart failure (2015)

In the developed world, there has been a substantial increase over several decades in the prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF), partly as a result of demographic changes. Overall, 1–2% of the adult population has CHF and this increases to ≥10% in the over 70s age group.1 However, hospitalization rates due to CHF are falling,2 and length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality have also fallen.3 It could be argued that effective outpatient management of CHF through dedicated heart failure clinics, specialist nurses, and general practitioners has played a key role in these positive trends.

However, given the significant patient morbidity and the inpatient costs associated with CHF, methods to reduce hospital readmission rates are imperative to alleviate an already overstretched system. Rahimi and colleagues4 present the development and assessment of an easy-to-use, android-based monitoring system to empower patients and reduce readmission rates in a cohort from the Seamless User-centred Proactive Provision Of Risk-stratified Treatment for Heart Failure (SUPPORT-HF) study. Patients were provided with internet-enabled tablets that were connected to commercially available sensors to record blood pressure, heart rate, and weight, and provide alerts to patients to see their doctor or healthcare provider when physiological parameters were perturbed. Although this particular self-management study focused primarily on patient uptake of monitoring … 

[↵][1]*Corresponding author. Tel: +44 1603 592376, Fax: +44 1603 593752, Email: m.frenneaux{at}uea.ac.uk

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Predicting salt damage in practice: A theoretical insight into laboratory tests. (2017)

Salt crystallization is accepted to represent one of the major causes for the degradation of building and ornamental stone. As such, it has attracted the attention of researchers, who over the years have progressively unraveled most mechanisms involved in salt damage. Despite this, many questions subsist about how to quantitatively predict damage or its progression, and in particular how to relate performance on site to that in laboratory tests. In this context, a new RILEM TC has been started with the objective of defining laboratory tests that deliver more reliable predictions of field behavior. One deliverable of this TC, is to provide a theoretical insight into this question based on recent progress on the understanding of salt damage. This paper presents a summary of this work, highlighting key aspects relating to crystallization pressure, chemo-mechanics and transport. Implications are more specifically discussed in relation to existing accelerated tests in an attempt to better define the type of field exposure that they may best represent. A simple conceptual model for the development of salt damage is introduced. During an initial “induction” phase, transport of ions and accumulation of salt in the porous materials occurs without causing detectable damage until a critical point, termed “damage onset” is reached. Beyond this point, during the “propagation phase”, the material degrades increasingly. The implications of these two phases are discussed in relation to the selection of appropriate salt weathering tests and conservation interventions.
4-Gb/s QPSK radio-over-fiber system at 60 GHz employing single sideband modulation (2011)

Generation and transmission of a 4-Gb/s electrical single-sideband single carrier QPSK signal within 2-GHz bandwidth in a 60-GHz Radio-over-Fiber system are experimentally demonstrated. After transmission over 50-km single-mode fiber, a negligible power penalty is observed.
MAC layer packet-length adaptive CLSP/DS-CDMA radio networks: performance in flat Rayleigh fading channel (2003)

We analyse throughput-delay performance of an unslotted DS-CDMA packet radio network (PRN) using the channel load sensing protocol (CLSP) and packet-length adaptation. This paper shows that while error-correcting channel coding has not yet been effective in heavily correlated flat fading environments, adapting the length of radio packets to time-varying channel conditions is a simple adaptive technique for maintaining and improving the system performance and the energy efficiency of mobile terminals. In our modeling we study the correlation between fade duration statistics and packet length in a flat Rayleigh fading channel under the effects of imperfect power control and user mobility. The results are used to derive practical and robust adaptation mechanisms and performance characteristics. A number of numerical results is presented. This paper lays the groundwork for exploiting adaptive radio possibilities on media access control (MAC) layer in unslotted DS-CDMA PRN.
Anisotropic mechanical properties of polymer composites from a hybrid additive manufacturing-compression molding process using x-ray computer tomography (2022)

In this study, anisotropic stiffness tensors were reconstructed based on fiber orientation distributions obtained from X-ray computer tomography (xCT). A preform was manufactured via a big area additive manufacturing (BAAM) system with carbon fiber (CF) filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The tailored preform from additive manufacturing (AM) was used in the compression molding (CM) process to produce a low-void high-performance thermoplastic composite panel. An xCT technique was employed to detect the fiber orientations in CF/ABS composites manufactured via three different methods: AM from BAAM, extrusion compression molding (ECM), and AM-CM. The anisotropic stiffness tensor was obtained from the composite panel manufactured via the three manufacturing methods (AM, ECM, and AMCM). A micromechanics theory was used to obtain the orthotropic stiffness tensors of the composite panels and compared with the experimental values. The predicted stiffness tensors of AM and AM-CM composite panels were used to study the deformation characteristics of a steering wheel during airbag deployment by performing finite element analysis (FEA). The approach developed in this study can be utilized for evaluating high-performance composites.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure: Are There Thresholds and Inflection Points in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Thresholds Justifying a Clinical Classification? (2023)

gov; Unique identifiers: NCT00634309, NCT00634400, NCT00634712, NCT00095238, NCT01035255, NCT00094302, NCT00853658, and NCT01920711.
Interleukin-18 (Interferon-γ–inducing Factor) Is Produced by Osteoblasts and Acts Via Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor and Not Via Interferon-γ to Inhibit Osteoclast Formation (1997)

We have established by differential display polymerase chain reaction of mRNA that interleukin (IL)-18 is expressed by osteoblastic stromal cells. The stromal cell populations used for comparison differed in their ability to promote osteoclast-like multinucleated cell (OCL) formation. mRNA for IL-18 was found to be expressed in greater abundance in lines that were unable to support OCL formation than in supportive cells. Recombinant IL-18 was found to inhibit OCL formation in cocultures of osteoblasts and hemopoietic cells of spleen or bone marrow origin. IL-18 inhibited OCL formation in the presence of osteoclastogenic agents including 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, prostaglandin E2, parathyroid hormone, IL-1, and IL-11. The inhibitory effect of IL-18 was limited to the early phase of the cocultures, which coincides with proliferation of hemopoietic precursors. IL-18 has been reported to induce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production in T cells, and both agents also inhibit OCL formation in vitro. Neutralizing antibodies to GM-CSF were able to rescue IL-18 inhibition of OCL formation, whereas neutralizing antibodies to IFN-gamma did not. In cocultures with osteoblasts and spleen cells from IFN-gamma receptor type II-deficient mice, IL-18 was found to inhibit OCL formation, indicating that IL-18 acted independently of IFN-gamma production: IFN-gamma had no effect in these cocultures. Additionally, in cocultures in which spleen cells were derived from receptor-deficient mice and osteoblasts were from wild-type mice and vice versa, we identified that the target cells for IFN-gamma inhibition of OCL formation were the hemopoietic cells. The work provides evidence that IL-18 is expressed by osteoblasts and inhibits OCL formation via GM-CSF production and not via IFN-gamma production.
Graph and Embedding based Approach for Text Clustering: Topic Detection in a Large Multilingual Public Consultation (2023)

We present a novel algorithm for multilingual text clustering built upon two well studied techniques: multilingual aligned embedding and community detection in graphs. The aim of our algorithm is to discover underlying topics in a multilingual dataset using clustering. We present both a numerical evaluation using silhouette and V-measure metrics, and a qualitative evaluation for which we propose a new systematic approach. Our algorithm presents robust overall performance and its results were empirically evaluated by an analyst. The work we present was done in the context of a large multilingual public consultation, for which our new algorithm was deployed and used on a daily basis.
Resin transfer molding (RTM) with toughened cyanate ester resin systems (1998)

Abstract This investigation explored the feasibility of recently developed toughened cyanate ester networks as candidate materials for high performance composite matrix applications. The resin investigated was a bisphenol‐A cyanate ester toughened with hydroxy functionalized phenolphthalein based amorphous poly(arylene ether sulfone). A series of four toughened cyanate ester resins were generated by varying the concentration and the molecular weight of the toughener. The thermoplastic modified toughened networks exhibited improvement in the fracture toughness over the base cyanate ester networks without significant reductions in mechanical properties or glass transition temperature. Carbon fabric composite panels were manufactured by liquid molding processes (resin transfer molding and resin film infusion) with the untoughened and toughened cyanate ester resin systems. The panels were subjected to physical, impact damage, and fracture toughness tests. The results of physical testing indicate consistently uniform quality, and the maximum void content was found to be less than 2%. The toughened cyanate ester composites exhibited significantly improved impact damage resistance and tolerance compared with hot‐melt epoxy systems. A marked increase in the mode II composite fracture toughness was observed with an increase in the concentration and the molecular weight of the toughener.
ltmle: An R Package Implementing Targeted Minimum Loss-Based Estimation for Longitudinal Data (2017)

In recent years, targeted minimum loss-based estimation methodology has been used to develop estimators of parameters in longitudinal data structures (Gruber and van der Laan 2012; Petersen, Schwab, Gruber, Blaser, Schomaker, and van der Laan 2014; Schnitzer, Moodie, van der Laan, Platt, and Klein 2013). These methods are implemented in the ltmle package for R. The ltmle package provides methods to estimate intervention-specific means and measures of association including the average treatment effect, causal odds ratio and causal risk ratio and parameters of a longitudinal working marginal structural model. The package allows for multiple time point treatments, time-varying covariates and right censoring of the outcome. In this paper we described the usage of the ltmle package and provide examples.
Optical Lithography (2010)

This book is aimed at new and experienced engineers, technology managers, and senior technicians who want to enrich their understanding of the image formation physics of a lithographic system. Readers will gain knowledge of the basic equations and constants that drive optical lithography, learn the basics of exposure systems and image formation, and come away with a full understanding of system components, processing, and optimization. Readers will also get a primer on the outlook of optical lithography and the many next-generation technologies that may greatly enhance semiconductor manufacturing in the near future
Laser texturing of doped borosilicate glasses (2010)

We describe a novel process of laser-assisted fabrication of surface structures on doped oxide glasses with heights reaching 10 - 13% of the glass thickness. This effect manifests itself as a swelling of the irradiated portion of the glass, and occurs in a wide range of glass compositions. The extent of such swelling depends on the glass base composition. Doping with Fe, Ti, Co, Ce, and other transition metals allows for adjusting the absorption of the glass and maximizing the feature size. In the case of bumps grown on borosilicate glasses, we observe reversible glass swelling and the bump height can increase or decrease depending on whether the consecutive laser pulse has higher or lower energy compared with the previous one. To understand the hypothetical mechanism, which includes laser heating of glass, glass melting, and directional flow, we explored density, refractive index, fictive temperature, and phase separation dynamics.
Simple, reliable robotic grasping for human environments (2008)

The inherent uncertainty associated with unstructured grasping tasks makes establishing a successful grasp difficult. Traditional approaches to this problem involve hands that are complex, fragile, require elaborate sensor suites, and are difficult to control. Alternatively, by carefully designing the mechanical structure of the hand to appropriately incorporate features such as compliance and adaptability, the uncertainty inherent in unstructured grasping tasks can be more easily accommodated. These features can reduce the need for complicated sensing and control by passively adapting to the object properties and positioning, making the hand easier to operate and with greater reliability. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel adaptive and compliant grasper that is both simple and robust. The four-fingered hand is driven by a single actuator, yet can grasp objects spanning a wide range of size, shape, and mass. The hand is constructed using polymer-based Shape Deposition Manufacturing (SDM), with joints formed by elastomeric flexures and actuator and sensor components embedded in tough rigid polymers. The hand has superior robustness properties, able to withstand large impacts without damage and capable of grasping objects in the presence of large positioning errors.
Nelumbo nucifera [data set] (2013)

Genome of the long-living sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn). Discovered as part of the Nelumbo nucifera whole genome shotgun (WGS) project with the project accession AQOG00000000. BioProject PRJNA168000.