gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bioorthogonal Reaction of N‐Oxide and Boron Reagents (2015)

The development of bioorthogonal reactions has classically focused on bond-forming ligation reactions. In this report, we seek to expand the functional repertoire of such transformations by introducing a new bond-cleaving reaction between N-oxide and boron reagents. The reaction features a large dynamic range of reactivity, showcasing second-order rate constants as high as 2.3×10(3) M(-1) s(-1) using diboron reaction partners. Diboron reagents display minimal cell toxicity at millimolar concentrations, penetrate cell membranes, and effectively reduce N-oxides inside mammalian cells. This new bioorthogonal process based on miniscule components is thus well-suited for activating molecules within cells under chemical control. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the metabolic diversity of nature enables the use of naturally occurring functional groups that display inherent biocompatibility alongside abiotic components for organism-specific applications.
Thin film Barium-Strontium-Titanate Parallel-Plate varactors integrated on low-resistivity silicon and saphhire substrate (2013)

Barium-Strontium-Titanate (BST) thin film based ferroelectric varactors are designed at specific capacitances under 0V dc bias on CMOS compatible low-resistivity silicon substrate. The BST varactor device operation is based on the nonlinear dielectric tunability of BST thin film sandwiched between two metal plates in a revised conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) transmission line configuration. The varactor capacitance at 0V dc bias is determined by the overlap area between the CPW signal line in the top metal electrode and a tapered shunt line in the bottom electrode. Therefore a series of devices with unbiased capacitances ranging from 0.8pF to 4.8pF were designed and fabricated based on changing their corresponding overlap areas according to the generic parallel plate capacitance equation. A schematic model was also utilized to extract the designed and measured capacitances. The relationships between the sizes of overlap areas and the extracted capacitances from the electromagnetic and schematic models are demonstrated by a reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements from fabricated devices. Devices were also designed and fabricated on sapphire substrate with three layout variations aiming to modify the parasitic resistance.
An alternative conception of tree-adjoining derivation (1992)

The precise formulation of derivation for tree-adjoining grammars has important ramifications for a wide variety of uses of the formalism, from syntactic analysis to semantic interpretation and statistical language modeling. We argue that the definition of tree-adjoining derivation must be reformulated in order to manifest the proper linguistic dependencies in derivations. The particular proposal is both precisely characterizable, through a compilation to linear indexed grammars, and computationally operational, by virtue of an efficient algorithm for recognition and parsing.
The Power of Randomized Routing in Heterogeneous Loss Systems (2015)

Motivated by cloud computing applications, we consider a multi-server system, consisting of a large number of parallel servers, where jobs arrive according to a Poisson process and are assigned to the servers for processing. Each server has the capacity to process only a finite number of jobs simultaneously and different servers have different capacities. A job is accepted for processing only if there is a vacancy available at the server to which it is assigned. Otherwise, the job is discarded or blocked. We consider randomized schemes to assign jobs to servers with the aim of reducing the average blocking probability of jobs in the system. In particular, we consider a scheme that assigns an incoming job to the server having maximum available vacancy among d randomly sampled servers. We consider the system in the limit where both the number of servers and the arrival rate of jobs are scaled by a large factor. This gives rise to a mean field analysis. We show that in the limiting system servers behave independently. Stationary tail probabilities of server occupancies are obtained from the stationary solution of the mean field which is shown to be unique and globally attractive. We further characterize the rate of decay of the stationary tail probabilities. Numerical results suggest that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the average blocking probability of jobs compared to static schemes that probabilistically route jobs to servers independently of their states.
Linear Frequency Chirp Generation Employing Optoelectronic Feedback Loop and Integrated Silicon Photonics (2013)

We demonstrate generation of linear frequency chirps exhibiting an excursion of 50 GHz (λ0=1548nm) using an optoelectronic phase-locked loop and integrated silicon photonics interferometer (FSR=3.0GHz), demonstrating the feasibility of an integrated chip-scale frequency-modulated continuous-wave LADAR source.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate reduces hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensation and death in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis (2019)

Compared to untreated patients, TDF treatment reduces the risks of HCC, hepatic decompensation and death in CHB patients with cirrhosis at 5 years.
CHMWTR: A Plasma Chemistry Code for Water Vapor (2012)

Abstract : The CHMWTR code tracks the evolution of 21 ionic and neutral species in a water vapor plasma excited by a slowly varying electric field. This report discusses the physics of water vapor breakdown and describes the assumptions and methods used in developing the code. The code results are used to determine the breakdown field in water vapor under typical conditions. The conductivity of the plasma is also computed. Since this is an interim report, it concludes with task areas for further study and development.
5-TERMINAL THzGaN BASED TRANSISTOR WITH FIELD- AND SPACE-CHARGE CONTROL ELECTRODES (2009)

We present a novel approach to achieve terahertz-range cutoff frequencies and maximum frequencies of operation of GaN based heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) at relatively high drain voltages. Strong short-channel effects limit the frequency of operation and output power in conventional geometry GaN HFETs. In this work, we propose a novel device with two additional independently biased electrodes controlling the electric field and space-charge close to the gate edges. As a result, the effective gate length extension due to short channel effects is diminished and electron velocity in the device channel is increased. Our simulations show that the proposed five-terminal HFET allows achieving f T =1.28 THz and f max = 0.815 THz at the drain voltages as high as 12 V. Hence, this device opens up a new approach to designing THz transistor sources.
Gate controlled vertical-lateral NPN bipolar transistor in 90nm RF CMOS process (2008)

A new gate controlled bipolar transistor is introduced in this paper which combines the lateral and vertical bipolar effect in standard NMOS device in a 90 nm triple well process technology. A current gain of more than 200, cut off frequency of about 7 GHz, and lower flicker noise compared with CMOS devices were achieved without any change to process and/or introduction of any extra masking step. The impact of gate length, the role of vertical and lateral NPN components, and effect of emitter area on operation of this device are discussed.
Cancer-Testis Antigens: Expression and Correlation with Survival in Human Urothelial Carcinoma (2006)

These findings establish CTAs as potential prognostic markers and as target candidates for vaccine development for patients with urothelial carcinoma.
Ranking Objects by Exploiting Relationships: Computing Top-K over Aggregation (2006)

document collections, documents are related to objects such as document authors, products described in the document, or persons referred to in the document. In many applications, the goal is to find such related objects that best match a set of keywords. The keywords may not necessarily occur in the textual descriptions of target objects; they occur only in the documents. In order to answer these queries, we exploit the relationships between the documents containing the keywords and the target objects related to those documents. Current keyword query paradigms do not use these relationships effectively and hence are inefficient for these queries. In this paper, we consider a class of queries called the object finder queries. Our goal is to return the top K objects that best match a given set of keywords by exploiting the relationships between documents and objects. We design efficient algorithms by developing early termination strategies in presence of blocking operators such as group by. Our experiments with real datasets and workloads demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques. Although we present our techniques in the context of keyword search, our techniques apply to other types of ranked searches (e.g., multimedia search) as well.
Sonoluminescence as an indicator of cell-membrane disruption by acoustic cavitation (2000)

Acoustic cavitation has been shown to reversibly disrupt cell membranes and thereby transport molecules into viable cells. The hypothesis was that the light emitted during inertial cavitation, i.e., sonoluminescence, correlates with these acoustic bioeffects. In this study, sonoluminescence was measured using a photomultiplier tube mounted at the base of an opaque cavitation chamber. The bioeffects measured on DU 145 prostate cancer cells placed in the cavitation field included the number of molecules delivered into each cell and overall cell viability. A 24-kHz cylindrical piezoelectric transducer was used in these experiments to generate cavitation over a range of pressure levels, pulse lengths, and total exposure times. The results show that cells were reversibly disrupted, yielding extensive uptake of calcein by some cells, little uptake by other cells, and loss of viability for a third population of cells. Correlation with sonoluminescence indicated that light emission correlated with these bioeffects.
Web Page Summarization for Just-in-Time Contextual Advertising (2011)

Contextual advertising is a type of Web advertising, which, given the URL of a Web page, aims to embed into the page the most relevant textual ads available. For static pages that are displayed repeatedly, the matching of ads can be based on prior analysis of their entire content; however, often ads need to be matched to new or dynamically created pages that cannot be processed ahead of time. Analyzing the entire content of such pages on-the-fly entails prohibitive communication and latency costs. To solve the three-horned dilemma of either low relevance or high latency or high load, we propose to use text summarization techniques paired with external knowledge (exogenous to the page) to craft short page summaries in real time. Empirical evaluation proves that matching ads on the basis of such summaries does not sacrifice relevance, and is competitive with matching based on the entire page content. Specifically, we found that analyzing a carefully selected 6% fraction of the page text can sacrifice only 1%--3% in ad relevance. Furthermore, our summaries are fully compatible with the standard JavaScript mechanisms used for ad placement: they can be produced at ad-display time by simple additions to the usual script, and they only add 500--600 bytes to the usual request. We also compared our summarization approach, which is based on structural properties of the HTML content of the page, with a more principled one based on one of the standard text summarization tools (MEAD), and found their performance to be comparable.
Prismatic optical display (2023)

A spatially modulated light beam is projected, reflected, and redirected through a prismatic optical panel to form a video image for direct viewing thereon.
Design and evaluation of an effective and efficient video copy detection system (2010)

We consider the end-to-end system design and evaluation of an efficient and effective system for video copy detection that bridges the gap between computationally expensive methods and practical applications. We use a compact SIFT-based bag-of-words fingerprint (which we call a SIFTogram), requiring only 1000 bytes per second of video, and show that beyond the descriptor choice, many variables can affect performance. We also consider a complementary color-based descriptor, which contrary to popular recent belief, performs better than SIFTogram on some transforms. We emphasize robustness with respect to the most common transformations on content sharing sites, and report a 99.3% detection rate with 0 false alarms on one such transform category from a standardized evaluation. We perform an evaluation of the system using two TRECVID benchmark datasets, and examine the trade-off between speed and accuracy relative to other TRECVID submissions.
Silica Particle‐Mediated Growth of Single Crystal Graphene Ribbons on Cu(111) Foil (2022)

The authors report the growth of micrometer-long single-crystal graphene ribbons (GRs) (tapered when grown above 900 °C, but uniform width when grown in the range 850 °C to 900 °C) using silica particle seeds on single crystal Cu(111) foil. Tapered graphene ribbons grow strictly along the Cu<101> direction on Cu(111) and polycrystalline copper (Cu) foils. Silica particles on both Cu foils form (semi-)molten Cu-Si-O droplets at growth temperatures, then catalyze nucleation and drive the longitudinal growth of graphene ribbons. Longitudinal growth is likely by a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism but edge growth (above 900 °C) is due to catalytic activation of ethylene (C<sub>2</sub> H<sub>4</sub> ) and attachment of C atoms or species ("vapor solid" or VS growth) at the edges. It is found, based on the taper angle of the graphene ribbon, that the taper angle is determined by the growth temperature and the growth rates are independent of the particle size. The activation enthalpy (1.73 ± 0.03 eV) for longitudinal ribbon growth on Cu(111) from ethylene is lower than that for VS growth at the edges of the GRs (2.78 ± 0.15 eV) and for graphene island growth (2.85 ± 0.07 eV) that occurs concurrently.
Quantum Dots in Biological and Biomedical Research: Recent Progress and Present Challenges (2006)

Abstract The marriage of nanomaterials with biology has produced a new generation of technologies that can profoundly impact biological and biomedical research. Quantum dots (Qdots) are an archetype for this hybrid research area and have gained popularity and interest from diverse research communities because of their unique and tunable optical properties. In this Review, we will describe their history and development, optical and electronic properties, and applications in biology and medicine. A critical evaluation of barriers impacting current Qdot technologies will be discussed and insights into the future outlook of the field will be explored.
Innovative practices on test in Japan (2018)

The IP session highlights three innovative practices in Asia, which include low cost testing of analog front-end circuits, evaluation of complex analog filter and power reduction of power-on self-test for automotive MCU.
Layer 2 Gateway (L2GW) (2014)

A Layer 2 Gateway (L2GW) is used for interconnecting a Layer 2 overlay
network [NVO3FRWK] and a Layer 2 bridged network [IEEE802.1Q] to form
a single Layer 2 virtual network. This draft describes data plane
interconnection and control plane interworking at the L2GW.
Non viral gene transfer via Sleeping beauty transposon for Collagen VII delivery in human primary keratinocytes. (2012)

Autosomal recessive epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a genetic skin adhesion defect caused by mutations in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1). Although full-length type-VII collagen is successfully produced in human keratinocytes by retroviral vectors, genetic instability due to the large size (9kb) and the highly repeated nature of the gene sequence is a persistent problem. The Sleeping-Beauty (SB) transposon-based integration system can potentially overcome these issues by taking advantage of the hyperactive SB100X transposase in combination with the wild-type (pT2) transposon or the “sandwich” version (pSA) that showed robust transposition efficiency in human cells. We molecularly characterized the “sandwich” SB-mediated integrants in epithelial cell lines and in primary keratinocytes. Co-transfecting the transposase together with 10kb-transposon (pT2 or pSA) we observed up to 37% of transposition in HaCaT and in GABEB (generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa keratinocytes) cells with both transposons. Clonal analysis demonstrated that the transposition events occur with a minimal risk of rearrangements (<3%). LM-PCR based bi-directional sequencing of the transposon-genome junctions shows genuine “cut and paste” activity of the SB hyperactive transposase.
Evaluation of Combined Live, Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza 3 Virus Vaccines in Infants and Young Children (2004)

We evaluated a combination respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza 3 virus (PIV3) live, attenuated intranasal vaccine for safety, viral replication, and immunogenicity in doubly seronegative children 6-18 months old. RSV cpts-248/404 and PIV3-cp45 vaccines were combined in a dose of 10(5) plaque-forming units of each per 0.5-mL dose and compared with monovalent vaccines or placebo. The virus shedding pattern of RSV was not different between monovalent RSV cpts-248/404 vaccine and combination vaccine. Modest reductions in the shedding of PIV3-cp45 vaccine virus were found after the administration of RSV cpts-248/404 and PIV3-cp45 vaccine, relative to monovalent PIV3 vaccine; 16 (76%) of 21 children given combination vaccine shed PIV3-cp45 versus 11 (92%) of 12 of those given monovalent PIV3 vaccine. Both vaccines were immunogenic, and antibody responses were similar between the monovalent groups and the combination group. Combined RSV/PV3 vaccine is feasible for simultaneous administration, and further studies are warranted.
Search for $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}H$ production in the $H\to\mathrm{b\overline{b}}$ decay channel with leptonic $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$ decays in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV (2018)

A search is presented for the associated production of a standard model Higgs boson with a top quark-antiquark pair ($\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$H), in which the Higgs boson decays into a b quark-antiquark pair, in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Candidate $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$H events are selected that contain either one or two electrons or muons from the $t\bar{t}$ decays and are categorised according to the number of jets. Multivariate techniques are employed to further classify the events and eventually discriminate between signal and background. The results are characterised by an observed $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$H signal strength relative to the standard model cross section, $\mu = \sigma/\sigma_{\mathrm{_{SM}}}$, under the assumption of a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV. A combined fit of multivariate discriminant distributions in all categories results in an observed (expected) upper limit on $\mu$ of 1.5 (0.9) at 95% confidence level, and a best fit value of 0.72$\pm$0.24 (stat) $\pm$0.38 (syst), corresponding to an observed (expected) signal significance of 1.6 (2.2) standard deviations above the background-only hypothesis.
(Invited) Approach to Oxide Tfts with High Mobility & Stability (2022)

Thin film transistors (TFTs) with the channel of amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) represented by amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide (a-IGZO) are now applied to drive pixels of the state-of the art display based on high mobility, good homogeneity, easy fabrication and optical transparency [1]. Recently, larger mobility TFTs are highly demanded for emerging applications such as ultra-high vision and memories. However, there is a critical obstacle to be overcome, i.e., an empirical trade-off rule in oxide TFTs between mobility and stability. Higher mobility TFTs possess less stability to various types of stress (negative bias-thermal stress instability, NBTS, positive bias-thermal stress instability, PBTS, and negative bias-illumination stress instability, NBIS). The Elucidation of origin for this trade-off rule and new approach are required to realize high mobility and high stability TFTs. We clarify that the origin of this trade-off through comparison in TFTs between IGZO with low mobility and high stability and ITZO with high mobility and low stability. A critical phenomenon was noted during the conventional TFT fabrication; CO-related impurity donates electrons to Indium-Tin-Zinc Oxide (ITZO) with high mobility under the negative bias stress condition but such CO-related impurity effect is negligible in IGZO with lower mobility than ITZO [2]. This finding may be understood by considering that large difference in E CBM determines the transfer of electron generated by adsorbed CO-related species on the back surface of ITZO [3]. Based on this model and this finding, we successfully fabricated the most stable ITZO TFT with a high mobility of 70 cm 2 /Vs by eliminating CO-related impurity and further passivation; NBTS (-20V, 60 o C, 3600 s, ΔV th : -0.02 V), PBTS (+20 V, 60 o C, 3600 s, ΔVth: 0.12 V) and NBIS (-20V, 15000 lx, 3600s, ΔVth: -1.33 V). [1] Hosono, H., &amp; Kumomi,K., (ed), Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors: IGZO and Related Materials for Display and Memory (Wiley, 2022); Hosono, H. (2018). How we made the IGZO transistor. Nature Electronics, 1(7), 428-428. [2]Shiah, Y. S., Sim, K., Ueda, S., Kim, J., &amp; Hosono, H. (2021). Unintended Carbon-Related Impurity and Negative Bias Instability in High-Mobility Oxide TFTs. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 42(9), 1319-1322. [3] Shiah, Y. S., Sim, K., Shi, Y., Abe, K., Ueda, S., Sasase, M., Kim,J., &amp; Hosono, H. (2021). Mobility–stability trade-off in oxide thin-film transistors. Nature Electronics, 4(11), 800-807.
On System Designs of Distributed, Extensible Framework for Network Monitoring and Control (2001)

In this paper, we present a distributed, extensible framework for supporting adaptive, dynamic network monitoring and control. We borrow the paradigm of management by delegation [8] and distribute some processing intelligence to network elements. The functionality of the delegated agents, and even that of the native software processes, could be extended dynamically without recompilation. Such procedure is called change of logic and we explain it in the framework of communicating finite state machines for extending native process functionality. We use Java technology and C/C++ dynamic linkage mechanism to achieve the standard hosting infrastructure for these agents and our system designs span a wide scope of applications.