gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethylene and Gene Expression (2018)

Ethylene is perhaps the most extensively studied of all plant growth regulators. Advances in recombinant DNA technology have allowed the isolation and characterization of a number of ethylene-regulated genes and studies are in progress to elucidate the mechanism of ethylene action at the level of gene expression. This chapter focuses on recent advances in this area, with special emphasis on the role of ethylene in regulating gene expression during fruit ripening, plant senescence, and plant stress. The response of the E8 gene to ethylene is organ specific in that ethylene treatment of leaf tissue had little effect on gene expression. The response of the E8 gene to ethylene is organ specific in that ethylene treatment of leaf tissue had little effect on gene expression. One possible mechanism that can be invoked to explain the activation of gene expression by ethylene is analogous to the mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced gene expression in animals.
<title>Weighted vector median operation for filtering multispectral data</title> (1992)

Weighted vector median operation for filtering multispectral data is proposed. The operation shares the good qualities of vector median filters, and in addition, brings in extra freedom in the filter design. The proposed generalization of the vector median filters combines component weights, that facilitate the weighting of input signal channels separately, and distance weights that operate on the distances between the input vectors. With this structure the possible differences in the noise statistics in the different signal components can be taken into account. A number of computer simulations with color images is performed to study the properties of the new filtering scheme.
Identification of serum biomarkers for aging and anabolic response (2011)

Results from this study suggest that there are potential phenotypic biomarkers in serum that can be associated with healthy aging and that some but not all of these biomarkers reflect gains in muscle mass upon testosterone administration.
Systemic Aspergillosis in an Oiled Magallanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) (2001)

This report describes a case of fatal aspergillosis caused by A. fumigatus during the recovery of an oiled Magallanic penguin. The possible role of aspergillosis as a possible complication responsible for the mortality of penguins surviving the first days of treatment for oil is emphasized.
Ultrasonic time reversal, basic principles (2001)

For about 10 years now, time reversal methods have been widely developed in the laboratory and applied to various domains of acoustics like medical imaging/therapy and nondestructive evaluation. Many experiments and theoretical works have shown the robustness of this approach in multiple conditions (inhomogeneous and multiscattering media, solid layers, submarine acoustics,...). This paper will first present an overview of the basic theoretical principles which govern the time reversal approach. It will be shown how the concept of closed time reversal cavity yields theoretical predictions of the intrinsic limitations of the process. Starting from the closed time reversal cavity, the discussion will migrate in direction of (i) time reversal mirrors and (ii) time reversal arrays of final aperture. It will be shown how the general performances of the system are degraded. Then the presentation will focus on the time reversal methods applied to ultrasonic waves in solids. It will be shown how the time reversal technology takes advantage of longitudinal and transverse propagation modes in order to increase the focusing efficiency. These results will be illustrated by an experiment carried out with an aluminum plate partially immersed in water and excited by a laser impact.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Hydroamination of Dienes by Gold(I)/Menthol Cooperative Catalysis (2011)

Mit Alkohol geht's besser: Geschwindigkeit und Selektivität der regio- und enantioselektiven Hydroaminierungen von 1,3-Dienen in Gegenwart des Digoldkomplexes (R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS werden durch Zusatz von Alkoholen wie Menthol gesteigert. Durch Koordination an Gold(I)-Kationen entsteht eine Brønsted-Säure, die in die Katalyse eingreift. Mbs=p-Methoxybenzolsulfonyl. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Efficient HD video streaming over the internet (2010)

This paper presents methods to improve the efficiency and performance of high-definition (HD) video streaming over the Internet. Traditionally, the approach from the a video server has been to send the contents of the entire video stream as quickly as possible, which we shall refer to in this paper as “rapid” downloading. Rapid downloading does not field optimal bandwidth usage for sending variable bit rate (VBR) HD videos, and may result in a high number of packet losses over the Internet when peak rates are demanded by the video stream. We propose a solution that focuses on “progressive” downloading where the stream is sent in progressive blocks. With VBR videos, particularly 1080p HD videos encoded using H.264, this approach provides better buffer and bandwidth utilization. We will also show that with video smoothing and compound TCP, further performance gains can be achieved.
Abnormal DNA Methylation of CD133 in Colorectal and Glioblastoma Tumors (2008)

Much recent effort has focused on identifying and characterizing cellular markers that distinguish tumor propagating cells (TPC) from more differentiated progeny. We report here an unusual promoter DNA methylation pattern for one such marker, the cell surface antigen CD133 (Prominin 1). This protein has been extensively used to enrich putative cancer propagating stem-like cell populations in epithelial tumors and, especially, glioblastomas. We find that, within individual cell lines of cultured colon cancers and glioblastomas, the promoter CpG island of CD133 is DNA methylated, primarily, in cells with absent or low expression of the marker protein, whereas lack of such methylation is evident in purely CD133+ cells. Differential histone modification marks of active versus repressed genes accompany these DNA methylation changes. This heterogeneous CpG island DNA methylation status in the tumors is unusual in that other DNA hypermethylated genes tested in such cultures preserve their methylation patterns between separated CD133+ and CD133- cell populations. Furthermore, the CD133 DNA methylation seems to constitute an abnormal promoter signature because it is not found in normal brain and colon but only in cultured and primary tumors. Thus, the DNA methylation is imposed on the transition between the active versus repressed transcription state for CD133 only in tumors. Our findings provide additional insight for the dynamics of aberrant DNA methylation associated with aberrant gene silencing in human tumors.
Complete noise characterisation of external cavitysemiconductorlaserhybridly modelocked at 10 GHz (2001)

To the knowledge of the authors, the first amplitude moduation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) noise measurements out to Nyquist frequency offsets for an external cavity semiconductor laser hybridly modelocked at 10 GHz are reported. The differing noise properties of a fundamentally modelocked and a harmonically modelocked cavity (both producing 10 GHz pulsetrains) are compared.
Report on the Seventh Workshop on Exploiting Semantic Annotations in Information Retrieval (ESAIR'14) (2015)

There is an increasing amount of structure on the Web as a result of modern Web languages, user tagging and annotation, emerging robust NLP tools, and an ever growing volume of linked data. These meaningful, semantic, annotations hold the promise to significantly enhance information access, by enhancing the depth of analysis of today's systems. The goal of the ESAIR'14 workshop remained to advance the general research agenda on this core problem, with an explicit focus on one of the most challenging aspects to address in the coming years. The main remaining challenge is on the user's side---the potential of rich document annotations can only be realized if matched by more articulate queries exploiting these powerful retrieval cues---and a more dynamic approach is emerging by exploiting new forms of query autosuggest. How can the query suggestion paradigm be used to encourage searcher to articulate longer queries, with concepts and relations linking their statement of request to existing semantic models? How do entity results and social network data in "graph search" change the classic division between searchers and information and lead to extreme personalization---are you the query? How to leverage transaction logs and recommendation, and how adaptive should we make the system? What are the privacy ramifications and the UX aspects---how to not creep out users. There was a strong feeling that we made substantial progress. Specifically, the discussion contributed to our understanding of the way forward. First, for notable (head, shoulder, but not tail) entities in semantic search we have reached the level of quality at minimal costs allowing for deployment in major web search engines---the dream has become a reality. Second, entity detection is moving fast into domain specific, personal, and business domains, and has become a vital component for a range of applications. Third, semantic web has exchanged logic for machine learning approaches, and machine learning is the natural unification of semantic web and information retrieval approaches.
Antitumor effect of an HER2‐specific antibody–toxin fusion protein on human prostate cancer cells (2001)

BACKGROUND HER2/neu has been implicated in the oncogenesis of human prostate cancer. Clinical studies have suggested that overexpression of HER2 may be one of the indicators of poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. METHODS We used Western blot analysis to examine the expression of HER2 in a panel of established human prostate cancer cell lines and used an MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity on these cells of a recombinant fusion protein consisting of an HER2-specific single-chain antibody and the Pseudomonas exotoxin A, scFv(FRP5)-ETA. RESULTS LNCaP cells express high levels of HER2 protein. Exposure of LNCaP cells to scFv(FRP5)-ETA caused remarkable cell death. In contrast, PC3M cells, which express an undetectable level of HER2 protein, were resistant to scFv(FRP5)-ETA-induced cytotoxicity. MDA PCa 2a, MDA PCa 2b, and DU145 cells express low-to-medium levels of HER2 protein and showed an HER2 level-dependent response to scFv(FRP5)-ETA-induced cytotoxicity. The scFv(FRP5)-ETA-induced cytotoxicity of LNCaP cells could be inhibited by an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), which downregulated the levels of HER2 protein, indicating the specificity of scFv(FRP5)-ETA in inducing cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells. Using an apoptosis ELISA, we demonstrated that scFv(FRP5)-ETA induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. The apoptosis was inhibited by the presence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in culture medium. Exposure of LNCaP cells to scFv(FRP5)-ETA caused reduction in the level of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that scFv(FRP5)-ETA might be a useful agent for the treatment of human prostate cancer cells with high levels of HER2 expression. Prostate 47:21–28, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Remote welding with ultra-high-power CW lasers (2022)

We report on a new generation of laser scanners and their utilization with a 24 kW CW laser at BPP 4 mm*mrad equipped with BrightLine Weld beam shaping functionality. Herewith, excellent weld seam quality, large welding depth, high welding speed and a large working distance are achieved. Those advantages are demonstrated with application results involving keyhole welding of copper.
Is transplantation tolerable? (2004)

To test the hypothesis that chronic stimulation of T cells with a weak agonistic antigen will generate regulatory T cells and immune tolerance, a study reported in this issue employed the redesign of a minor histocompatibility antigen. Using knowledge of residues at which the antigen contacts the T cell receptor, a weak agonist was produced. Pretreatment with this altered antigen produced transplant tolerance, generation of regulatory T cells, and a loss of many antigen-reactive T cells.
Nucleotide receptor-mediated decrease of tight-junctional permeability in cultured human cervical epithelium (1996)

Extracellular ATP changes the transepithelial electrical conductance (GT) across cultures of human cervical cells acutely, in a biphasic manner that is characterized by a rapid increase (phase I) followed by a sustained decrease in GT (phase II). We tested the hypothesis that the phase II response is mediated by decreases in the permeability of tight junctions. We studied the effect of ATP on the relative mobilities of Cl- vs. Na+ (uCl/uNa) as calculated from changes in the dilution potential (Vdil). Vdil was induced by lowering NaCl from 130 to 10 mM in either the luminal or subluminal solutions bathing filters containing cells. uCl/uNa was 1.27 across cervical cultures and 1.34 across blank filters, compared with a level of 1.52 in free solution. Increases in GT induced by transepithelial hydrostatic or hypertonic gradients (which increase permeability of lateral intercellular space) had no effect on uCl/uNa. Increases in GT induced by lowering extracellular Ca2+ to < 0.1 mM increased uCl/uNa to levels obtained in blank filters, indicating abrogation of tight-junctional resistance. Phase I response and ionomycin (which produces a sustained phase I-like increase in GT) had no effect on uCl/uNa. The phase II response, however, decreased uCl/uNa from 1.27 to 1.24, and the effect could be abrogated by lowering extracellular Ca2+. These results indicate that phase II decreases in GT across cultured human cervical epithelium are mediated by acute decreases in tight-junctional permeability.
Design and analysis of large-core single-mode windmill single crystal sapphire optical fiber (2016)

We present a large-core single-mode “windmill” single crystal sapphire optical fiber (SCSF) design, which exhibits single-mode operation by stripping off the higher-order modes (HOMs) while maintaining the fundamental mode. The “windmill” SCSF design was analyzed using the finite element analysis method, in which all the HOMs are leaky. The numerical simulation results show single-mode operation in the spectral range from 0.4 to 2 μm in the windmill SCSF, with an effective core diameter as large as 14 μm. Such fiber is expected to improve the performance of many of the current sapphire fiber optic sensor structures.
Cross-reactive coronavirus antibodies with diverse epitope specificities and extra-neutralization functions (2020)

The continual emergence of novel coronavirus (CoV) strains, like SARS-CoV-2, highlights the critical need for broadly reactive therapeutics and vaccines against this family of viruses. Coronavirus spike (S) proteins share common structural motifs that could be vulnerable to cross-reactive antibody responses. To study this phenomenon in human coronavirus infection, we applied a high-throughput sequencing method called LIBRA-seq (Linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing) to a SARS-CoV-1 convalescent donor sample. We identified and characterized a panel of six monoclonal antibodies that cross-reacted with S proteins from the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated a spectrum of reactivity against other coronaviruses. Epitope mapping revealed that these antibodies recognized multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 S, including the receptor binding domain (RBD), N-terminal domain (NTD), and S2 subunit. Functional characterization demonstrated that the antibodies mediated a variety of Fc effector functions <i>in vitro</i> and mitigated pathological burden <i>in vivo</i> . The identification of cross-reactive epitopes recognized by functional antibodies expands the repertoire of targets for pan-coronavirus vaccine design strategies that may be useful for preventing potential future coronavirus outbreaks.
Empirical analysis of internet identity misuse: Case study of south Korean real name system (2010)

Some governments like South Korea require the submission of a valid national identification number in order for users to register an account in Web services. Unfortunately, this validation system can cause a big privacy threat. Recently in South Korea, identifiers of about 2/5 Korean population were leaked by some hacking accidents. In order to lower the chances of forgery and privacy invasion using exposed information, Korean government introduced an alternative identifier system. However, we are concerned that neither old nor new identifer systems are safe against a phishing attack. In this paper, we empirically analyze the vulnerability of the alternative system. We conducted a real phishing attack experiment to complete our analysis.
Supplementary Figures S1-S7 from Endogenous Retroelement Activation by Epigenetic Therapy Reverses the Warburg Effect and Elicits Mitochondrial-Mediated Cancer Cell Death (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S7 with legends&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Toward the Synthesis of the Taxol C,D Ring System: Photolysis of . alpha.‐Methoxy Ketones. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
LiCoO[sub 2] and LiMn[sub 2]O[sub 4] Thin-Film Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2002)

and thin-film electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries were prepared by a sol-gel method with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Li-Co-O and Li-Mn-O sols were successfully prepared by using PVP. The sol coated on an Au substrate by a spin coater was converted to a gel film through the spin-coating process. The gel films were heated at 800°C for 1 h. The prepared thin films were characterized with both the X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy. From these results, it was found that the films prepared from Li-Co-O and Li-Mn-O sols were with a rock-salt-like structure and with a spinel structure, respectively. Electrochemical properties of the prepared films were evaluated with charge and discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (1:1 in volume) with These results showed that these thin-film electrodes have excellent electrochemical properties. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Shear rate effect on the resistivity of HIPS/LLDPE/carbon black extrudates (1998)

Abstract The effect of shear level on the structure and resultant resistivity of CB‐containing high impact polystyrene/linear low density polyethylene (HIPS/LLDPE) extrudates produced by a capillary rheometer, as a function of blend composition and CB content, was studied. The data were compared with results obtained by various processing methods such as compression molding, extrusion, and injection molding. The conductivity of systems consisting of a single polymer matrix is more sensitive to shear rate than are those with HIPS/LLDPE matrices. Increased temperature tends to increase resistivity at high shear rates, and has practically no effect at low shear rates. Capillary entrance effects determine the CB structure and resultant resistivity of the extrudates. Apparently, the combined effects of CB location and flow‐induced structuring may explain the enhanced conductivity of some of the extrudates.
Measured count-rate performance of the Discovery STE PET/CT scanner in 2D, 3D and partial collimation acquisition modes (2008)

We measured count rates and scatter fraction on the Discovery STE PET/CT scanner in conventional 2D and 3D acquisition modes, and in a partial collimation mode between 2D and 3D. As part of the evaluation of using partial collimation, we estimated global count rates using a scanner model that combined computer simulations with an empirical live-time function. Our measurements followed the NEMA NU2 count rate and scatter-fraction protocol to obtain true, scattered and random coincidence events, from which noise equivalent count (NEC) rates were calculated. The effect of patient size was considered by using 27 cm and 35 cm diameter phantoms, in addition to the standard 20 cm diameter cylindrical count-rate phantom. Using the scanner model, we evaluated two partial collimation cases: removing half of the septa (2.5D) and removing two-thirds of the septa (2.7D). Based on predictions of the model, a 2.7D collimator was constructed. Count rates and scatter fractions were then measured in 2D, 2.7D and 3D. The scanner model predicted relative NEC variation with activity, as confirmed by measurements. The measured 2.7D NEC was equal or greater than 3D NEC for all activity levels in the 27 cm and 35 cm phantoms. In the 20 cm phantom, 3D NEC was somewhat higher ( approximately 15%) than 2.7D NEC at 100 MBq. For all higher activity concentrations, 2.7D NEC was greater and peaked 26% above the 3D peak NEC. The peak NEC in 2.7D mode occurred at approximately 425 MBq, and was 26-50% greater than the peak 3D NEC, depending on object size. NEC in 2D was considerably lower, except at relatively high activity concentrations. Partial collimation shows promise for improved noise equivalent count rates in clinical imaging without altering other detector parameters.
Immunization with the Truncated AdhesinMoraxella catarrhalisImmunoglobulin D–Binding Protein (MID764–913) Is Protective againstM. catarrhalisin a Mouse Model of Pulmonary Clearance (2004)

Most Moraxella catarrhalis isolates express the outer membrane protein MID. In addition to its specific affinity for immunoglobulin D, MID functions as an adhesin and binds to human epithelium. The adhesive part is localized within MID(764-913). Two mid-deficient M. catarrhalis isolates were constructed and examined in a mouse model of pulmonary clearance. M. catarrhalis devoid of MID was cleared more efficiently, compared with the wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, mice immunized with MID(764-913) cleared M. catarrhalis much more efficiently, compared with mice immunized with bovine serum albumin. MID(764-913) is suggested as a promising candidate in a future M. catarrhalis vaccine.