gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Steroid 5.ALPHA.-Reductase Inhibitor ONO-9302 and Anti-Androgen Allylestrenol on the Prostatic Growth, and Plasma and Prostatic Hormone Levels in Rats. (1997)

ONO-9302 [epristeride; (-)-17beta-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)androsta-3,5-diene-3-carboxy lic acid] is a novel inhibitor of steroid 5alpha-reductase. We studied in vitro and in vivo effects of ONO-9302 on the rat prostatic tissue in comparison with those of the anti-androgen allylestrenol. ONO-9302 inhibited the rat prostatic enzyme with an IC50 value of 11 nM, whereas allylestrenol was about 80,000-fold less potent. The growth of ventral prostate, which was induced by the subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate in the castrated rats, was significantly reduced by ONO-9302 at oral doses of 1-100 mg/kg/day. Allylestrenol showed a significant effect only at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. In mature male rats, ONO-9302 significantly reduced the ventral prostate weight at doses of 10-100 mg/kg/day and decreased prostatic 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) content associated with a rise in testosterone (T) content at doses of 0.1-100 mg/kg/day. Plasma hormone levels (i.e., T, DHT, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)) were not altered significantly. Allylestrenol significantly reduced the ventral prostate weight at doses of 10-100 mg/kg/day. However, unlike ONO-9302, allylestrenol reduced both the prostatic DHT and T contents and also lowered plasma T, DHT, LH and FSH levels at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day. These results suggest that ONO-9302 reduces the prostatic growth by inhibiting the conversion of T to DHT in the prostate without lowering blood T level unlike anti-androgen drugs.
Reorganization and diversification of signals in vision (1985)

Extensive processing and reorganization of information are required as retinally generated signals flow centrally. Insight into some principles of the reorganization and transformations that occur in the early stages of the visual pathway, prior to the higher stages of pattern recognition, is provided through an analysis of receptive fields and cell counts. The rate of information flow is reduced approximately 100-fold by a retinal position-dependent (inhomogeneous) spatial sampling scheme. This principle of specialization, or nonuniform processing, is further elaborated in the retino-cortical mapping. In the central fovea, where the retinal spatial sampling rate is the highest and processing function is uniform, there are about 4000 striate cortical neurons receiving information from each cone. This number, which provides a measure of function multiplicity, drops to about 200 over the range of the near periphery. In the peripheral field beyond eight degrees, where information is compressed at the retina, the functional multiplicity stays approximately constant at 200. As it seems that no two cells perform exactly the same operation, it is concluded that the striate cortex performs many simultaneous functional mappings.
IMPROVING NITROGEN FERTILIZER ABSORPTION AND ITS EFFECT ON QUALITY AND SEED YIELD OF CORN (Zea mays) (2013)

Improving nitrogen uptake by pyraclostrobin application in maize under green house and field conditions were investigated. There were three series experiments conducted in dry season, 2011 and 2012. The research conducted using nested design and three replications. Nested design applied to get information as careful as possible about the role of treatment, especially the main factor. The first and second experiments hold at field and green house and the third experiment hold at green house. They had two factors, pyraclostrobin application and nitrogen fertilizer. Vegetative growth, flowering and earing age, chlorophyll content, yield, amylose and protein content evaluated. Application of pyraclostrobin, significantly increase nitrogen fertilizer efficiency. Amylose content and fresh yield were different on nitrogen and pyraclostrobin application. Application of pyraclostrobin 400 ml/ha significantly increase amylose 10.85-18.5%. Both of amylose and protein content were increased by nitrogen fertilizer application. Vegetative growth and chlorophyll content were affected by nitrogen and pyraclostrobin.
Sparse Doppler Sensing Based on Nested Arrays (2017)

Spectral Doppler ultrasound imaging allows visualizing blood flow by estimating its velocity distribution over time. Duplex ultrasound is a modality in which an ultrasound system is used for displaying simultaneously both B-mode images and spectral Doppler data. In B-mode imaging short wide-band pulses are used to achieve sufficient spatial resolution in the images. In contrast, for Doppler imaging, narrow-band pulses are preferred in order to attain increased spectral resolution. Thus, the acquisition time must be shared between the two sequences. In this work, we propose a non-uniform slow-time transmission scheme for spectral Doppler, based on nested arrays, which reduces the number of pulses needed for accurate spectrum recovery. We derive the minimal number of Doppler emissions needed, using this approach, for perfect reconstruction of the blood spectrum in a noise-free environment. Next, we provide two spectrum recovery techniques which achieve this minimal number. The first method performs efficient recovery based on the fast Fourier transform. The second allows for continuous recovery of the Doppler frequencies, thus avoiding off-grid error leakage, at the expense of increased complexity. The performance of the techniques is evaluated using realistic Field II simulations as well as in vivo measurements, producing accurate spectrograms of the blood velocities using a significant reduced number of transmissions. The time gained, where no Doppler pulses are sent, can be used to enable the display of both blood velocities and high quality B-mode images at a high frame rate.
Sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade may be required for differentiation of PC12 cells. Comparison of the effects of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor (1992)

Stimulation of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) increased mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) activity > 20-fold after 5 min to a level that was largely sustained for at least 90 min. MAPKK activity was stimulated to a similar level by epidermal growth factor (EGF), but peaked at 2 min, declining thereafter and returning to basal levels after 60-90 min. Activation of MAPKK by either growth factor occurred prior to the activation of MAP kinase, consistent with MAPKK being the physiological activator of MAP kinase. The results demonstrate that the transient activation of MAPKK by EGF and its sustained activation by NGF underlies the transient and sustained activation of MAP kinase induced by EGF and NGF respectively. NGF or EGF induced the same two forms of MAPKK that were resolved on a Mono Q column. The Peak-1 MAPKK was activated initially and partially converted into the more acidic peak-2 MAPKK after prolonged growth-factor stimulation. The Peak-2 MAPKK was 20-fold more sensitive to inactivation by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. Stimulation with NGF caused a striking translocation of MAP kinase from the cytosol to the nucleus after 30 min, but not nuclear translocation of MAP kinase occurred after stimulation with EGF. The results suggest that sustained activation of the MAP kinase cascade may be required for MAP kinase to enter the nucleus, where it may initiate the gene transcription events required for neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells.
Burnishing the blueprint of speech assessment with natural language processing: methods to characterize subtle impairments on individuals in at-risk mental states from a large urban population. (2023)

Spoken language is a key source of information for thought disorder evaluation. In the last decades, researchers linked psychopathology phenomena to their counterparts in natural language processing (NLP) analysis. Nonetheless, seemingly opposite traits remain unconciliated. For instance, psychotic speech comprises incoherent trails, but also highly associated ones. In order to address some of the remaining gaps, we leveraged procedures from dynamical systems and graph theory. We examined transcribed interviews of 133 individuals — 60 in at-risk mental states (ARMS) and 73 healthy controls — screened from 4,500 quota-sampled citizens in a large metropolis. SIPS was used to assess psychotic symptoms. NLP features were correlated with psychotic traits (Spearman’s ρ) and ARMS status (Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, general linear models and ensemble machine learning algorithms). The general trait (ω), negative, disorganized and general symptoms were correlated with snippets made of consecutive similar words. Namely, their frequency, average/maximum size, heterogeneity and the average number of unrelated words between such snippets. Positive symptoms were associated with adjective use. Average graph centrality was inversely correlated with the general trait. NLP features presented good performance as input in machine learning classification using the AdaBoost model with Random Forests as base learner (F1 score: 0.83, AUC: 0.93, Balanced Accuracy: 0.86).The existence of loosely connected words (e.g. incoherence, looseness, derailment) is well studied. Conversely, NLP models of perseveration (e.g. higher likelihood of chaining together islands of closely related words) and circumstantiality are brought forth in this work. Evidence shows good performance of NLP for clinical decision support in ARMS screening and assessment of subclinical psychosis. We show that a blueprint for speech-based psychometric evaluation is only a few pieces away. We highlight these fields for future research: clanging (a low hanging fruit), environmental context, task-related differences and interpersonal interactions.
TH‐C‐AUD A‐05: Experimental Validation of An Iterative Forward Projection Matching Algorithm for Seeds Center Localization Using Conebeam‐CT X‐Ray Projections (2008)

Purpose: To experimentally validate a new algorithm for reconstructing the 3D positions of implanted brachytherapy seeds from 2D projection images. Method and materials : The iterative forward projection matching (IFPM) algorithm consists of finding the 3D seed geometry that minimizes the sum‐of‐squared‐difference of the pixel‐by‐pixel intensities between computed projection images and measured auto‐segmented images of implanted seeds. IFPM starts with an approximation to the initial seeds configuration, e.g., the pre‐implant seed arrangement. It then iteratively refines the 3D seed coordinates until the computed projections match with the measured projections. Three pairs of computed and measured projection images, with known imaging geometry, are used. Two brachytherapy phantoms were fabricated with 12 and 72 seeds in known configurations. Three projections of each phantom were acquired using an Acuity digital simulator along with a full 660 projection Conebeam CT (CBCT). Image pre‐processing steps were performed to create the binary seed centroids images for use by IFPM algorithm. To quantify IFPM accuracy, the actual seed positions were extracted from the CBCT images by the Brachy Vision‐planning system. Results : For the 12 seed phantom data, the mean reconstruction error was found to be 0.83±0.34mm where as for 72 seed phantom it was 0.97±0.37mm. The each test trials converged in 4–10 iterations with computation time of 2.8–62 min on a 2 GHz processor. Discussion : The IFPM algorithm avoids establishing seed projection correspondence required by standard back‐projection methods. In phantom studies we have demonstrated 1 mm accuracy in reconstructing the 3D positions of brachytherapy seeds from 2D projection images. This supports the potential of this algorithm for accurate and robust seed reconstruction in patients. This project was supported by grant from Varian Medical Systems.
A low-cost solar micro-inverter with soft-switching capability utilizing circulating current (2016)

This paper presents a low-cost high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) micro-inverter with soft-switching capability. The system is based on a partial power processing resonant front end dc-dc stage, followed by an interleaved inverter stage. The proposed new soft-switching modulation scheme enables significant cost and volume reduction of the magnetics in the inverter stage. In order to shrink the magnetics, the interleaved inverter modulation scheme adopts a real-time varying phase-shift delay control in a way such that a smaller inter-phase transformer (IPT) can be utilized due to reduced voltage-second and the additional conduction loss caused by the circulating current can be minimized. In addition, the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation in the full operation range can be maintained. As a result, the power MOSFETs body-diode reverse-recovery loss can be eliminated and the power stage switching frequency can be further increased. The operation principle of new modulation scheme and ZVS operation are analyzed. Key simulation result and baseline experimental results are presented to validate the analysis.
Operation fundamentals in 12Mb Phase Change Memory based on innovative Ge-rich GST materials featuring high reliability performance (2015)

For the first time, we present a Phase Change Memory (PCM) device with an optimized Ge-rich GeSbTe (GST) alloy integrated on a 12Mb test vehicle. We confirm that PCM can guarantee high data retention in extended temperature range and we provide the understanding of the high thermal stability of the two programmed states. We show how the elemental distribution reaches an equilibrium at the core of the storage element after the electrical activation of the cell, which relates to the strong opposition against crystallization of the RESET state. We also highlight the low number of grain boundaries along the conductive path of the optimized SET state, thus explaining the low drift of the resistance. Simulation results account for the experimental observations, showing how the segregation phenomena and the localization of the electronic switching impact the elemental distribution and the formation of the crystalline structure during programming.
Eosinophil Development and Bone Marrow and Tissue Eosinophils in Atopic Asthma (1999)

These data suggest that IL-5 may act early in eosinophil development, and that eotaxin has the capacity to mobilise a BM eosinophil pool in asthma.
4719 A Study for Increasing the Compression Ratio of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines (2006)

This paper describes a newly developed one-dimensional knocking prediction program. Combustion is forcibly advanced from one side of the cells to trace the input heat release. Unburned cells are compressed by combustion and the Livengood-Wu integral equation is used to judge whether autoignition occurs or not. A higher indicated mean effective pressure was predicted for a stratified air-fuel mixture than for a homogeneous air-fuel mixture in a high-compression-ratio engine because the spark timing for trace knock was advanced. A suitable mixture stratification was found to be a combination of a slightly rich center and a slightly lean periphery. The calculated results corresponded to the experimental data obtained with a single-cylinder engine, especially with regard to the effect of advancing the spark timing for trace knock.
Live demonstration: A new adaptive front-end readout circuit for high-resolution magnetic scales (2015)

This study proposed an adaptive front-end readout circuit design for high resolution magnetic scales. The demonstration will provide the operation of magnetic scales, that can show the amount of displacement of magnetic scales by FPGA module. The adaptive front-end circuit can be sense three kind of input gain with FPGA module via magnetic scales movement. In the further, the visitors can experience and understand working principles of high resolution magnetic scales. The paper submit was accepted from 2015 IEEE Sensors conference, that paper ID is 1201.
Scaling Laws for Inverse-Designed Metadevices (2018)

Metasurface designs are typically limited to single functions. We use an inverse design method to optimize device performance across multiple tasks, and investigate limits on performance based on effective degrees of freedom in the system.
Size-tunable microvortex capture of rare cells (2017)

Inertial separation of particles and cells based on their size has advanced significantly over the last decade. However, size-based inertial separation methods require precise tuning of microfluidic device geometries to adjust the separation size of particles or cells. Here, we show a passive capture method that targets a wide size range of cells by controlling the flow conditions in a single device geometry. This multimodal capture device is designed to generate laminar vortices in lateral cavities that branch from long rectangular channels. Micro-vortices generated at lower Reynolds numbers capture and stabilize large particles in equilibrium orbits or limit cycles near the vortex core. Other smaller particles or cells orbit near the vortex boundaries and they are susceptible to exiting the cavity flow. In the same cavity, however, at higher Reynolds number, we observe small particles migrating inward. This evolution in limit cycle trajectories led to a corresponding evolution in the average size of captured particles, indicating that the outermost orbits are less stable. We identify three phases of capture as a function of Reynolds number that give rise to unique particle orbit trajectories. Flow-based switching overcomes a major engineering challenge to automate capture and release of polydisperse cell subpopulations. The approach can expand clinical applications of label free trapping in isolating and processing a larger subset of rare cells like circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood and other body fluids.
Les inhibiteurs de farnésyl transférase : une cible peut en cacher une autre (2003)

The fact that proteins such as Ras require farnesylation to induce malignant transformation prompted many investigators to design farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTI) as novel anticancer drugs. FTIs inhibit the growth of ras transformed cells in vitro and induce tumor regression in ras dependent tumor in vivo. Moreover, FTIs inhibit tumor progression in human tumor xenograft models. Currently, FTIs are undergoing phase I and II trials in various cancer types. They show impressive antitumour efficacy and they lack toxicity. Despite these promising results, the development of such molecules in hindered by the absence of appropriate clinical endpoints and of surrogate biological markers. Indeed, it seems likely that Ras is not the critical target of FTIs and that inhibition of the farnesylation of proteins such as RhoB, might also contribute to the observed antitumour properties. Identification of targets that underlie their biological effect is essential in order to predict and evaluate their efficacy.
Abstract 3577: Sensitivity and resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to the telomerase inhibitor imetelstat (2010)

Abstract Telomerase is expressed in the majority of lung cancers and functions to extend telomeres allowing for unlimited replication potential. Telomerase may also be essential in maintaining a cancer stem cell population making it an attractive therapeutic target. A new telomerase inhibitor, imetelstat (GRN163L), is currently in clinical trials for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Imetelstat, a lipidated 13-mer oligonucleotide N3′ P5′-thio-phosphoramidate, binds the functional RNA template of telomerase preventing telomerase from extending telomeres and thus potentially leading to telomere loss associated cancer cell death. In the present studies we treated multiple NSCLC cell lines (representing the full spectrum of oncogenotypes and chemotherapy drug response phenotypes) with imetelstat (1 μM, a concentration achieved in patients) continuously over several months and all tumor lines showed loss of telomerase activity and shortening of telomeres. NSCLC lines with initially short telomeres (NCI-H2073-initial telomere length (ITL) 2.7 Kb, Calu-3 (ITL 1.5 Kb), and NCI-H2087 (ITL 3 Kb)) either suffered massive apoptotic associated cell death (H2073) within one week, or developed very short telomeres and ceased proliferating at 2.5 weeks (Calu-3) or 20 weeks (H2087) of treatment, demonstrating primary sensitivity. However, a small subpopulation in H2073 continues to grow in culture in the presence of drug and is being tested for telomere length and sensitivity to higher concentrations of imetelstat. NSCLC lines with long telomeres (NCI-H1819 (ITL 15Kb) and NCI-H157 (ITL 14.5Kb)) treated with 1 µM imetelstat twice weekly for 32 weeks showed reduction of telomeres to 1.8 and 2 Kb respectively with no effect on mass culture proliferation but, in some cases, showed inhibition of colony formation. Removal of imetelstat resulted in return of telomerase activity and telomere re-growth. With continued 1 μM treatment, however, H1819 telomere length stabilized at 1.8Kb while H157 cells showed re-growth of telomeres to parental length and now requires &amp;gt;5 μM imetelstat to robustly inhibit telomerase. In summary, we have found a panel of NSCLC lines demonstrate several imetelstat response phenotypes: extreme initial sensitivity, maintenance of shortened telomeres with inhibition of colony formation, and acquired resistance to imetelstat therapy. We conclude that NSCLCs exhibit a diverse spectrum of responses to telomerase targeted therapy emphasizing the need to have tumor biomarker signatures for personalizing imetelstat therapy in NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3577.
Improving modeling of wave propagation in viscoelastic media (1997)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997Improving modeling of wave propagation in viscoelastic mediaAuthors: Joakim O. BlanchJohan O. A. RobertssonJoakim O. BlanchFOA, Defence Research Establishment and Johan O. A. RobertssonETH‐Zurichhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885696 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885696FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1997 Pages: 2067 publication data© 1997 Copyright © 1997 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Joakim O. Blanch and Johan O. A. Robertsson, (1997), "Improving modeling of wave propagation in viscoelastic media," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1493-1496. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885696 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...