gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene woven fabric as high-resolution sensing element of contact-lens tonometer (2014)

In our work, the graphene woven fabrics (GWFs) are investigated as the sensing element of the contact-lens tonometer, which enables precisely monitoring IOP all the daytime. The current-voltage relationship of the device was tested under voltage sweep and the relationships between resistance change and deformation were calculated. Eight devices with GWF in different sizes and CVD conditions were fabricated and the relationship between the current changes of each device and effective IOP increasing, when keeping the voltage constant, was obtained. Combining the highly strain sensing sensitivity and transparency, the contact-lens tonometers with GWF as high-resolution sensing element have a promising prospective.
From computed microtomography images to resistivity index calculations of heterogeneous carbonates using a dual-porosity pore-network approach: Influence of percolation on the electrical transport properties (2011)

Standard reservoir evaluations are based on Archie's law relating the average water saturation to the average electrical resistivity by R(ind) = S(w)(-2). However, especially in the case of complex heterogeneous carbonates, deviation from Archie's law is observed and generally attributed to factors affecting the percolation or disconnectedness of the different phases (wetting films, microporosity, macropores) assuring electrical conductance. Pore-network models (PNM's) in combination with high-resolution computed microtomography (μ-CT) constitute a very effective tool to investigate the influence of the geometry and topology of the porous media on the spatial distribution of the conductive phase, and therefore on the shape of the resistivity index curve. An extended version of the classical PNM applicable to dual-porosity systems is presented. It combines the classical pore-network modeling applied on the macroporous space with the macroscopic properties of the microporous phase, supposing that the two pore systems act in parallel. Three-dimensional images provide information on the connectedness of the microporous phase, which is then included in the simulations. Electrical behavior of sandstone and two carbonates presenting distinct resistivity index curves were simulated and compared to measurements. Both Archie and "non-Archie" behavior were correctly reproduced, and the curve shape was explained considering percolation of the different phases.
Bioluminescence tomography with structural and functional a priori information (2010)

Multispectral bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is one of the seemingly promising approaches to recover 3D tomographic images of bioluminescence source distribution <i>in vivo</i>. In bioluminescence tomography, internal light source, such as luciferase is activated within a volume and multiple wavelength emission data from the internal bioluminescence sources is acquired for reconstruction. The underline non-uniqueness problem associated with non-spectrally resolved intensity-based bioluminescence tomography was demonstrated by Dehghani et al. and it also shown that using a spectrally resolved technique, an accurate solution for the source distribution can be calculated from the measured data if both functional and anatomical a priori information are at hand. Thus it is of great desire to develop an imaging system that is capable of simultaneously acquiring both the optical and structural <i>a priori</i> information as well as acquiring the bioluminescence data. In this paper we present our first combined optical tomography and CT system which constitutes with a cool CCD camera ( <i>perkin elmer</i> "cold blue"), laser launching units and Xray CT( <i>Dxray</i> proto-type). It is capable of acquiring non contact diffuse optical tomography (DOT) data which is used for functional <i>a priori</i>; X-ray CT images which yields the structure information; and BLT images. Physical phantom experiments are designed to verify the system accuracy, repeatability and resolution. These studies shows the feasibility of such imaging system and its potential.
Gang-bonding CoC assembly by NCF-TCB using newly developed bonding force leveling film (2018)

The performance of the newly developed film to level the die height in the process of multi dies chip on chip gang bonding was evaluated. Non-conductive film was used as pre applied underfill. The bonding was carried out with the equipment having a head of 100 mm × 100 mm and a large stage. The parallelism of them was investigated. The head was inclined to the stage, which was 10 μm at bonding temperature. Leveling performance was evaluated by the three dies gang-bonding. The height of the dies were intentionally differed one another, which was controlled by a SUS tape insertion between the head and the dies. PTFE and the newly developed films were used as the insertion films. In case of the gang-bonding with PTFE film, some lack of the electrical interconnections occurred in the daisy chain test, where the SUS tape wasn't inserted and void in NCF was detected especially at the peripheral area in the lower height die. In contrast good electrical connection and no void in NCF observed in the dies bonded with the BFL film.
REFLEXLY EVOKED COACTIVATION OF CARDIAC VAGAL AND SYMPATHETIC MOTOR OUTFLOWS: OBSERVATIONS AND FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS (2006)

1. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the pattern of activity in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves innervating the heart during their reflex activation. 2. We describe the well-known reciprocal control of cardiac vagal and sympathetic activity during the baroreceptor reflex, but point out that this appears to be the exception rather than the rule and that many other reflexes reviewed herein (e.g. peripheral chemoreceptor, nociceptor, diving response and oculocardiac) involve simultaneous coactivation of both autonomic limbs. 3. The heart rate response during simultaneous activation of cardiac autonomic outflows is unpredictable because it does not simply reflect the summation of opposing influences. Indeed, it can result in bradycardia (peripheral chemoreceptor, diving and corneal), tachycardia (nociceptor) and, in some circumstances, can predispose to malignant arrhythmias. 4. We propose that this cardiac autonomic coactivation may allow greater cardiac output during bradycardia (increased ventricular filling time and stronger contraction) than activation of the sympathetic limb alone. This may be important when pumping blood into a constricted vascular tree, such as is the case during the peripheral chemoreceptor reflex and the diving response.
Thermal Analysis of Materials (1993)

Discussing the design and optimum use of thermal analysis instrumentation for materials' property measurement, this work details how the instruments work, what they measure, potential pitfalls and the fitting of experimental results to theoretical models. It presents a tutorial on writing computer programs for data manipulation, advanced thermoanal
Measurement of W+W− production in association with one jet in proton–proton collisions at s=8TeV with the ATLAS detector (2016)

A measurement of the inclusive pp t t X production cross section in the jets final state using only the hadronic decays of the lepton is presented. The measurement is performed using 20.2 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of ffiffi ffi s p 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The cross section is measured via a counting experiment by imposing a set of selection criteria on the identification and kinematic variables of the reconstructed particles and jets, and on event kinematic variables and characteristics. The production cross section is measured to be tt 239 AE 29 pb, which is in agreement with the measurements in other final states and the theoretical predictions at this center-of-mass energy.
Waveguide avalanche photodetector using quantum-dot superlattice for optical fiber communications (2017)

We report a 1.5-μm high-responsivity waveguide quantum dot photodetector with an avalanche multiplication effect and high frequency response. With two different QD layer conditions, the responsivity and avalanche multiplication were compared and discussed. The high responsivity of 0.58 A/W and avalanche multiplication factor of around 10 could be obtained. Then, it was inferred that the impact ionization process in the quantum dot superlattice would be created in the depletion layer region, not in the InGaAlAs SL region.
TongueBoard (2019)

We present TongueBoard, a retainer form-factor device for recognizing non-vocalized speech. TongueBoard enables absolute position tracking of the tongue by placing capacitive touch sensors on the roof of the mouth. We collect a dataset of 21 common words from four user study participants (two native American English speakers and two non-native speakers with severe hearing loss). We train a classifier that is able to recognize the words with 91.01% accuracy for the native speakers and 77.76% accuracy for the non-native speakers in a user dependent, offline setting. The native English speakers then participate in a user study involving operating a calculator application with 15 non-vocalized words and two tongue gestures at a desktop and with a mobile phone while walking. TongueBoard consistently maintains an information transfer rate of 3.78 bits per decision (number of choices = 17, accuracy = 97.1%) and 2.18 bits per second across stationary and mobile contexts, which is comparable to our control conditions of mouse (desktop) and touchpad (mobile) input.
Bounds for Binary Codes With Narrow Distance Distributions (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> New lower bounds are presented on the second moment of the distance distribution of binary codes, in terms of the first moment of the distribution. These bounds are used to obtain upper bounds on the size of codes whose maximum distance is close to their minimum distance. It is then demonstrated how such bounds can be applied to bound from below the smallest attainable ratio between the maximum distance and the minimum distance of codes. Finally, counterparts of the bounds are derived for the special case of constant-weight codes. </para>
TIM16 inhibition enhances sensitivity to paclitaxel and decreases calcitonin secretion by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential in a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line (2015)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
ASXL1 Circular Isoforms. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;A) Overview of ASXL1 isoforms B) RNAse R resistance assay show degradation of linear isoform (blue arrow) and resistance of the known circular isoform (red arrow). In addition, a second RNAse R resistant isoform was detected in the circular PCR that was confirmed to contain an unannotated exon in intron 3 (exon 3*) by Sanger sequencing C) Quantitation of RNAse R resistance by qPCR showing increased Ct for both linear isoforms after RNAse R treatment but a decreased Ct for the circular isoform D) PCR between exons 1 and 4 for short or long isoforms detect the expected band that corresponds to exons 1 through 4 (green arrow). A band that would have resulted from the removal of exons 2 and 3 through exon skipping was not clearly identified (red arrow).&lt;/p&gt;
Disruption of Mitochondrion-To-Nucleus Interaction in Deceased Cloned Piglets (2015)

Most animals produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) are heteroplasmic for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in clones therefore requires the coordinated expression of genes encoded by the nuclear DNA and the two sources of mitochondria. Such interaction is rarely studied because most clones are generated using slaughterhouse oocytes of unrecorded origin. Here we traced the maternal lineages of seven diseased and five one-month-old live cloned piglets by sequencing their mtDNA. Additionally by using a 13K oligonucleotide microarray, we compared the expression profiles of nuclear and mtDNA-encoded genes that are involved in mitochondrial functions and regulation between the cloned groups and their age-matched controls (n=5 per group). We found that the oocytes used to generate the cloned piglets were of either the Large White or Duroc background, and oocyte genetic background was not related to the clones' survival. Expression profiles of mtDNA-encoded genes in clones and controls showed intermixed clustering patterns without treatment or maternal lineage-dependency. In contrast, clones and controls clustered separately for their global and nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial genes in the lungs for both the deceased and live groups. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes encoded by both nuclear and mtDNA revealed abnormal gene expression in the mitochondrial OXPHOS pathway in deceased clones. Among the nine differentially expressed genes of the OXPHOS pathway, seven were down-regulated in deceased clones compared to controls, suggesting deficiencies in mitochondrial functions. Together, these data demonstrate that the coordination of expression of mitochondrial genes encoded by nuclear and mtDNA is disrupted in the lung of diseased clones.
Extreme ultraviolet holographic microscopy and its application to extreme ultraviolet mask-blank defect characterization (2000)

100-nm-resolution at-wavelength holographic microscopy of aerial images produced by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic optics has recently been demonstrated. It provides a simple and compact method allowing image monitoring without printing in photoresist. Here, the concept of holographic microscopy is extended to the characterizations of defects on EUV multilayer mask blanks. As a proof of principle, defect characterization using the holographic microscope is demonstrated with programmed defects in transmission masks. Amplitude defects as small as 100 nm have been successfully characterized. Extension of this technique to the more relevant reflection mask configuration is also discussed.
Advanced process control for nano technology manufacturing (2010)

Currently, inline metrology and tool FDC data are the main information source which engineers use to conduct the process control. However, metrology data are very expensive in terms of their tool cost and its hit on cycle time. Moreover, metrology measurement accuracy is increasingly questionable due to the rapid device shrinking factor. All leading fabs are employing EES/FDC system to provide real time information of the wafer status for feedback, control and process optimization. However, they are expensive to setup and maintain due to its high IT infrastructure and human monitoring cost. They are also prone to frequent missing and false alarms.
Distributed Base Station: A Concept System for Long-Range Broadband\n Wireless Access (2018)

We propose a concept system termed distributed base station (DBS), which\nenables distributed transmit beamforming at large carrier wavelengths to\nachieve significant range extension and/or increased downlink data rate,\nproviding a low-cost infrastructure for applications such as rural broadband.\nWe consider a frequency division duplexed (FDD) system, using feedback from the\nreceiver to achieve the required phase coherence. At a given range, $N$\ncooperating transmitters can achieve $N^2$-fold increase in received power\ncompared to that for a single transmitters, and feedback-based algorithms with\nnear-ideal performance have been prototyped. In this paper, however, we\nidentify and address key technical issues in translating such power gains into\nrange extension via a DBS. First, to combat the drop in per-node SNR with\nextended range, we design a feedback-based adaptation strategy that is suitably\nrobust to noise. Second, to utilize available system bandwidth, we extend\nnarrowband adaptation algorithms to wideband channels through interpolation\nover OFDM subcarriers. Third, we observe that the feedback channel may become a\nbottleneck unless sophisticated distributed reception strategies are employed,\nbut show that acceptable performance can still be obtained with standard uplink\nreception if channel time variations are slow enough. We quantify system\nperformance compactly via outage capacity analyses.\n
Influence of steel and polypropylene fibers on cracking due to heat of hydration in mass concrete structures (2018)

Steel and polypropylene fibers result in a significant enhancement in strength, ductility, and toughness of concrete. This paper investigates experimentally and numerically the effect of these fibers on heat of hydration and early‐age cracking in mass concrete structures. Experimental investigations were conducted on evolution of strength, Young's modulus, and adiabatic heat rise in fly ash concrete mixes with steel and polypropylene fibers. Concrete mixes with ordinary Portland cement, 40% fly ash replacing the cement, 40% fly ash with 0.3 and 0.5% steel fibers, and 40% fly ash with 0.3 and 0.5% propylene fibers were investigated. The evolution of compressive and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and adiabatic heat rise using semi‐adiabatic calorimeter for all mixes was measured. The evolution of temperature at several locations in two full‐scale mass concrete blocks with normal concrete and fly ash concrete was measured. A multiphysics‐based finite element simulation of the two field mass concrete blocks was carried out using the software DIANA FEA BV (South Holland, Netherlands), which predicted the heat generation, temperature field, stresses developed in the blocks, and the associated cracking with good accuracy. The effect of steel and polypropylene fibers on heat, temperature, and stress generation in mass concrete blocks was investigated using the experimentally obtained parameters. The polypropylene fibers result in significant performance enhancement for early‐age cracking compared with the steel fibers.
Temporal soliton, self-compression and modulation instabilities in a nonlinear post-compression multi-pass cell (2021)

We report simulations of nonlinear post-compression in multi-pass cells in the anomalous dispersion regime. By solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and mapping the parameter space we uncover regimes of self-compression, temporal soliton and modulation instabilities.
Advanced heterojunction Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si bipolar devices (2003)

The DC characteristics of advanced heterojunction Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/-Si inversion base transistors are presented. Current gains as high as 1720 with a zero bias pinch resistance of R/sub B/=43 k Omega / Square Operator were obtained. This is believed to be the largest room-temperature current gain reported for any Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ bipolar device to date. In addition, the effects of varying the germanium concentration on both the Gummel plots and current gain versus temperature were explicitly shown. Due to the technological difficulty in obtaining sharp boron doping profiles in this type of bipolar structure, the vertical performance of these Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ bipolar devices was significantly improved by maximizing the amount of boron dopant in the Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ base layer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ketopiperazines: Conformationally Constrained Peptidomimetic of Arginine Amides (2006)

Abstract We have synthesized guanidine‐containing ketopiperazines designed to be conformational mimics of peptidomimetic arginine amides. D‐Allylglycine was converted by an efficient approach to give enantiopure ketopiperazines in which the trans stereochemistry of the C‐substituents resulted from stereospecific enolate alkylation.
Decision-making through integration of sensory evidence at prolonged timescales (2018)

Summary When multiple pieces of information bear on a decision, the best approach is to combine the evidence provided by each one. Evidence integration models formalize the computations underlying this process [1–3], explain human perceptual discrimination behavior [4–11], and correspond to neuronal responses elicited by discrimination tasks [12–17]. These findings indicate that evidence integration is key to understanding the neural basis of decision-making [18–21]. Evidence integration has most often been studied with simple tasks that limit the timescale of deliberation to hundreds of milliseconds, but many natural decisions unfold over much longer durations. Because neural network models imply acute limitations on the timescale of evidence integration [22–26], it is unknown whether current computational insights can generalize beyond rapid judgments. Here, we introduce a new psychophysical task and report model-based analyses of human behavior that demonstrate evidence integration at long timescales. Our task requires probabilistic inference using brief samples of visual evidence that are separated in time by long and unpredictable gaps. We show through several quantitative assays how decision-making can approximate a normative integration process that extends over tens of seconds without accruing significant memory leak or noise. These results support the generalization of evidence integration models to a broader class of behaviors while posing new challenges for models of how these computations are implemented in biological networks.
Binding sparse spatiotemporal patterns in spiking computation (2010)

Imagine a two-dimensional spatial array of detectors temporally driven via an unknown number of mutually overlapping, unknown patterns. One at a time, these patterns are randomly, partially, sparsely and repeatedly presented, superimposed with omnipresent noise. The challenge is to design a scheme for detecting and recalling these patterns in an unsupervised, online and computationally efficient fashion. As our main contribution, we propose a network of spiking neurons consisting of two reciprocally connected layers. The bottom layer receives stimulus from the detector array and serves as input/output. The top layer encodes, detects and recalls specific patterns. Feedforward projections are data-driven, bottom-up, and analytic, while feedback projections are model-driven, top-down, and synthetic. We judiciously select neuron dynamics and spike-timing dependent synaptic learning rules such that these feedforward and feedback views eventually converge to bind together the spatial extent of each pattern into a coherent, temporary assembly. We present simulations demonstrating that our system is able to detect repeating patterns in an input stream with an impressive degree of tolerance to noise and pattern characteristics.
HTML 4 how-to : the definitive HTML 4 problem-solver (1997)

This book covers all aspects of HTML through version 4 including hot new topics such as Cascading Style Sheets, Dynamic HTML, and Dynamic Style Sheets. The CD-ROM contains all example documents, program code and multimedia objects presented in this book, Microsoft Internet Explorer, HTML editors, and easy-to-use Internet tools.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stille Cyclization Approach to (‐)‐Periplanone‐B: Studies in Alkene‐Selective Ring‐Closing Metathesis and an Improved Chromium(II)‐Mediated Synthesis of (E)‐Alkenylstannanes from Aldehydes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.