gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Series Hydraulic Hybrid Propulsion for a Light Truck - Optimizing the Thermostatic Power Management (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The global energy situation, the dependence of the transportation sector on fossil fuels, and a need for rapid response to the global warming challenge, provide a strong impetus for development of fuel efficient vehicle propulsion. The task is particularly challenging in the case of trucks due to severe weight/size constraints. Hybridization is the only approach offering significant breakthroughs in near and mid-term. In particular, the series configuration decouples the engine from the wheels and allows full flexibility in controlling the engine operation, while the hydraulic energy conversion and storage provides exceptional power density and efficiency. The challenge stems from a relatively low energy density of the hydraulic accumulator, and this provides part of the motivation for a simulation-based approach to development of the system power management. The vehicle is a 4×4 truck weighing 5112 kg and intended for both on- and off-road use. The development of the component models and system integration in SUMULINK are discussed before addressing the configuration (single propulsion motor or two) and component sizing. The power management is based on a thermostatic state-of-charge (SOC) approach, but the optimum threshold power and SOC for accumulator charging are determined based on detailed system analysis, rather than the conventional wisdom of operating the engine at the “sweet spot”. The results indicate significant advantages of reduced threshold power. Relatively low target SOC led to improved ability to capture the braking energy. Engine shut-downs are considered too. The fuel economy predictions for the optimized hybrid system indicate improvements in excess of 50% under urban driving conditions, and tangible benefits in highway driving.&lt;/div&gt;
Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So, What Can You Do About It? (v2017.01.02a). (2017)

The purpose of this book is to help you program shared-memory parallel machines without risking your sanity. We hope that this book's design principles will help you avoid at least some parallel-programming pitfalls. That said, you should think of this book as a foundation on which to build, rather than as a completed cathedral. Your mission, if you choose to accept, is to help make further progress in the exciting field of parallel programming--progress that will in time render this book obsolete. Parallel programming is not as hard as some say, and we hope that this book makes your parallel-programming projects easier and more fun. 
In short, where parallel programming once focused on science, research, and grand-challenge projects, it is quickly becoming an engineering discipline. We therefore examine specific parallel-programming tasks and describe how to approach them. In some surprisingly common cases, they can even be automated. 
This book is written in the hope that presenting the engineering discipline underlying successful parallel-programming projects will free a new generation of parallel hackers from the need to slowly and painstakingly reinvent old wheels, enabling them to instead focus their energy and creativity on new frontiers. We sincerely hope that parallel programming brings you at least as much fun, excitement, and challenge that it has brought to us!
SCRAP: A Statistical Approach for Creating a Database Query Workload Based on Performance Bottlenecks (2007)

With the tremendous growth in stored data, the role of database systems has become more significant than ever before. Standard query workloads, such as the TPC-C and TPC-H benchmark suites, are used to evaluate and tune the functionality and performance of database systems. Running and configuring benchmarks is a time consuming task. It requires substantial statistical expertise due to the enormous data size and large number of queries in the workload. Subsetting can be used to reduce the number of queries in a workload. An existing workload subsetting technique selected queries based on similarities of the ranks of the queries for low-level characteristics, such as cache miss rates, or based on the execution time required in different computer systems. However, many low-level characteristics are correlated, produce similar behaviors. Also, raw execution time as a metric is too diffuse to capture important performance bottlenecks. Our goal is to select a subset of queries that can reproduce the same bottlenecks in the system as the original workload. In this paper, we propose a statistical approach for creating a database query workload based on performance bottlenecks (SCRAP). Our methodology takes a query workload and a set of system configuration parameters as inputs, and selects a subset of the queries from the workload based on the similarity of performance bottlenecks. Experimental results using the TPC-H benchmark and the PostgreSQL database system, show that the reduced workload and the original workload produce similar performance bottlenecks, and the subset accurately estimates the total execution time.
Corneal ablation with new 193 nm solid-state laser (2008)

Smooth ablations of PMMA plates and porcine corneas were obtained by the laser. Further investigations must be conducted to determine whether this laser can be an alternative laser source for keratorefractive surgery.
Oxidation and Reduction (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Oxidation by Metal Ions and Related Species Oxidation by Compounds of Non-metallic Elements Miscellaneous Oxidations Ozonolysis and Ozonation Peracids and Peroxides Photo-oxygenation, Singlet Oxygen, and Superoxide Atomic Oxygen, Autoxidation, and Other Reactions of Oxygen Reduction by Complex Metal Hydrides Reduction by Metals, Metal Ions, and Metal Complexes Other Reductions Reductions and Oxidations of Biological Interest References
Modulation of Infectivity in Phage Display as a Tool to Determine the Substrate Specificity of Proteases (2006)

Proteases play an important role in human and animal diseases. Rapid determination of substrate specificity is possible through the use of substrate phage display; however, current methods possess several drawbacks. They require phage-immobilization and cannot be used for infectivity-destroying or affinity tag-destroying proteases; this can make entire libraries useless. To overcome these limitations, here we introduce infectivity-modulated phage display (IMOP). IMOP uses a protease-resistant and infectivity-reducing tag fused to substrate-displaying polyvalent phages, and the specific cleavage of the substrate increases the infectivity of the phages by releasing the infectivity-reducing tag. The resulting phages were first tested with the infectivity-destroying detergent protease subtilisin; this resulted in a highly specific substrate at a 200-fold enrichment. In a second example, the protease ompT was used and led to an enrichment of the known double-arginine motif. The IMOP system thus substantially improves and simplifies previous systems.
ChemInform Abstract: New Metabolites with Nematicidal and Antimicrobial Activities from the Ascomycete Lachnum papyraceum (karst.) Karst. Part 9. Papyracillic Acid, a New Penicillic Acid Analogue from the Ascomycete Lachnum papyraceum. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visually and Infrared Transparent Poly(oxalamide) Films with Mechanical Toughness (2022)

The growing maturity and sophistication of autonomous vehicles incorporate increasing numbers of sensors to produce multiple data streams detailing vehicle surroundings. As part of the continuous and reliable transmission of data, protection of lenses and windows for sensors from environmental damage is necessary across bands including visible (400–750 nm), near IR (0.75 to 1.5 μm), and thermal wavelengths (8–15 μm). Here, we report a cross-linked poly(oxalamide) based on aliphatic amine monomers and dioxalate species, resulting in transparency in both visible (400–750 nm) and multiple IR bands (0.75–1.5 μm, 3.5–5.5 μm, and 8–12 μm). Mechanical toughness (ε = ∼200%, σ = 35 MPa) and network resiliency toward fluids and thermal exposure are reflective of the cross-linked network and contribute to durability and the potential to protect brittle substrates. This was demonstrated by casting free-standing films bonded onto a germanium window using the identical poly(oxalamide) resin as an adhesive. Imaging through a thermal IR camera with the coated window before and after exposure to an abrasive sand stream showed the ability to protect the underlying substrate and maintain image quality while the unprotected window was severely degraded.
On spreading recommendations via social gossip (2008)

This paper introduces and analyzes a variant of distributed gossip which is motivated by the sharing of recommendations in a social network. The social settings bear two implications on gossip. First, rumors fade after a few hops, and so does our gossip mechanism. Second, users require a rumor to be substantiated by multiple, independent sources in order to adopt it. Consequently, in our social gossip a message is adopted only when it is received over a threshold of independent paths. Social gossip is a new, highly relevant and practically motivated variant of distributed gossip, whose analysis contributes to the fundamental theory of distributed algorithms.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in spinal cords of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with myelopathy: expression and replication in macrophages. (1989)

Spinal cord disease is common in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and a characteristic vacuolar myelopathy is present at autopsy in approximately one-fourth of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Pathologic examination of the spinal cord shows vacuolation of white matter and infiltration by macrophages, a process distinct from HIV-1 encephalopathy. To determine the presence and localization of HIV-1 RNA in the spinal cords of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with vacuolar myelopathy, we used the technique of combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining on the same slide. Spinal cord tissue sections were stained with markers for macrophages, endothelial cells, oligodendroglia, astrocytes, and myelin and then hybridized in situ with HIV-1-specific RNA probes. Combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining on three spinal cords showed HIV-1 expression in mononuclear and multinucleated macrophages localized mainly to areas of myelopathy in spinal cord white matter. Immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy showed myelin within macrophages and electron microscopy revealed HIV-1 budding from macrophages. These data suggest a role for HIV-1-infected macrophages locally in the pathogenesis of vacuolar myelopathy and add to the body of evidence that these cells play a role systemically in the development of HIV-1-related disease.
Distributed Quantum Fiber Magnetometry (2019)

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) quantum magnetometers offer exceptional sensitivity and long-term stability. However, their use to date in distributed sensing applications, including remote detection of ferrous metals, geophysics, and biosensing, has been limited due to the need to combine optical, RF, and magnetic excitations into a single system. Existing approaches have yielded localized devices but not distributed capabilities. In this study, we report on a continuous system-in-a-fiber architecture that enables distributed magnetic sensing over extended lengths. Key to this realization is a thermally drawn fiber that has hundreds of embedded photodiodes connected in parallel and a hollow optical waveguide that contains a fluid with NV diamonds. This fiber is placed in a larger coaxial cable to deliver the required RF excitation. We realize this distributed quantum sensor in a water-immersible 90-meter-long cable with 102 detection sites. A sensitivity of 63 nT Hz-1/2 per site, limited by laser shot noise, was established along a 90 m test section. This fiber architecture opens new possibilities as a robust and scalable platform for distributed quantum sensing technologies.
Leber congenital amaurosis caused by Lebercilin (LCA5) mutation: retained photoreceptors adjacent to retinal disorganization. (2009)

LCA5 patients had evidence of retained photoreceptors mainly in the central retina. Retinal remodeling was present in pericentral regions in both patients. The NIR reflectance and NIR-AF imaging in the younger patient suggested preserved RPE in retinal regions with retained photoreceptors. Detailed phenotype studies in other LCA5 patients with longitudinal follow-up will help determine the feasibility of future intervention in this rare disease.
Cervical Bronchogenic Cyst. (2007)

Head and neck surgeons see many congenital cysts of the neck. Most of these cysts are thyroglossal duct cysts and branchial cleft cysts. Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital malformations of the ventral foregut development. They are usually located in the mediastinum and intrapulmonary regions. Cervical bronchogenic cysts are unusual. Only 70 cases of bronchogenic cysts in the head and neck regions have been reported on and the majority of cases have been found in the pediatric population. We describe here a 61-year-old female who presented a palpable left neck mass. The preoperative diagnostic studies included chest X-ray and sonography-guided fine needle aspiration. The neck sonography showed the mass, but it could not rule out a pathologic lymph node. Aspirated material contained no cellular content. The mass was excised. The neck mass of the patient was diagnosed as a bronchogenic cyst. We suggest that the clinical observation of a lateral neck mass in an adult includes the possibility of a bronchogenic cyst in the differential diagnosis. (J Korean Surg Soc 2007;73:254-256)
Modulated photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser with elliptical lattice points for two-dimensional coupling enhancement (2019)

Modulated photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (M-PCSELs) are new semiconductor lasers that can emit a laser beam in arbitrary directions. Therefore, they can be regarded as a next-generation light source for light detection and ranging. In this manuscript, we numerically investigate the characteristics of M-PCSELs, including one- and two-dimensional optical coupling constants and radiation constants, by using three-dimensional coupled wave theory. We also carry out lattice point designs and show that the two-dimensional optical coupling can be enhanced by more than four times over our previous M-PCSEL devices by employing elliptical lattice points. Moreover, we find that two-dimensional optical coupling can be maintained even when large lattice point position modulations are introduced for large radiation constants. These results indicate that more stable two-dimensional oscillation and a higher slope efficiency are expected in M-PCSELs with elliptical lattice points.
A Quasi-Monte Carlo Method for Elliptic Boundary Value Problems (2001)

In this paper we present and analyze a quasi-Monte Carlo method for solving elliptic boundary value problems. Our method transforms the given partial differential equation into an integral equation by employing a well known local integral representation. The kernel in this integral equation representation can be used as a transition density function to define a Markov process used in estimating the solution. The particular process, called a random walk on balls process, is subsequently generated using quasirandom numbers. Two approaches of using quasirandom numbers for this problem, which uses an acceptance-rejection method to compute the transition probabilities, are presented. We also estimate the accuracy and the computational complexity of the quasi-Monte Carlo method. Finally, results from numerical experiments with Sobol and Halton quasirandom sequences are presented and are compared to the results with pseudorandom numbers. The results with quasirandom numbers provide a slight improvement over regular Monte Carlo methods. We believe that both the relatively high effective dimension of this problem and the use of the acceptance-rejection method impede significant convergence acceleration often seen with some quasi-Monte Carlo methods.
P-HDI-04 Investigation of Head-Disk Contact Using Magnetic Read Signal (2003)

The technique for detecting the head-disk contacts by using the read back signal was investigated. A spectrum of the read back signal was measured and the time history of the peak height at the recording frequency was monitored by using a spectrum analyzer to determine the fluctuation of the read back signal (peak to peak values and sigma values). The track average amplitude (TAA) and the acoustic emission (AE) signal were also monitored. The peak to peak and the sigma values proved to be sensitive enough to detect the slider-disk contact and so was the AE sensor. The TAA, however, was not sensitive enough. On the spectrum of the read back signal, some side band peaks were observed near the recording frequency when the slider was in contact with the disk. The differences in frequency between the peak of the read back signal and side band peaks showed the vibration mode of the head ginbal assembly (HGA) caused by the slider-disk contact.
Losartan Restores Skeletal Muscle Remodeling and Protects Against Disuse Atrophy in Sarcopenia (2011)

Sarcopenia, a critical loss of muscle mass and function because of the physiological process of aging, contributes to disability and mortality in older adults. It increases the incidence of pathologic fractures, causing prolonged periods of hospitalization and rehabilitation. The molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are poorly understood, but recent evidence suggests that increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling contributes to impaired satellite cell function and muscle repair in aged skeletal muscle. We therefore evaluated whether antagonism of TGF-β signaling via losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist commonly used to treat high blood pressure, had a beneficial impact on the muscle remodeling process of sarcopenic mice. We demonstrated that mice treated with losartan developed significantly less fibrosis and exhibited improved in vivo muscle function after cardiotoxin-induced injury. We found that losartan not only blunted the canonical TGF-β signaling cascade but also modulated the noncanonical TGF-β mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. We next assessed whether losartan was able to combat disuse atrophy in aged mice that were subjected to hindlimb immobilization. We showed that immobilized mice treated with losartan were protected against loss of muscle mass. Unexpectedly, this protective mechanism was not mediated by TGF-β signaling but was due to an increased activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Thus, blockade of the AT1 (angiotensin II type I) receptor improved muscle remodeling and protected against disuse atrophy by differentially regulating the TGF-β and IGF-1/Akt/mTOR signaling cascades, two pathways critical for skeletal muscle homeostasis. Thus, losartan, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, may prove to have clinical benefits to combat injury-related muscle remodeling and provide protection against disuse atrophy in humans with sarcopenia.
Fairness Considerations for Full Duplex Multi-User MIMO Systems (2015)

We consider a cellular system with a full-duplex (FD) base station (BS) serving multiple uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) users simultaneously, where all the nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. The self-interference at the BS and the co-channel interference (CCI) caused by the UL users on the DL users are both taken into account. We address the proportional fairness (PF) issue of this system, which is important for networks with asymmetric topology and/or asymmetric traffic demands. The sum of the logarithm of the achievable rate of UL and DL users is maximized subject to power constraints at the BS and UL users. We develop a gradient projection (GP) method to solve this non-convex optimization problem, and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides a good balance between maximizing the sum-rate and maintaining fairness among users.
Actions of prolonged glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation on cognitive function in a model of diet-induced obesity (2010)

Liraglutide (Victoza 1 ) is a once-daily glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetic currently prescribed as a therapy for type-2 diabetes Liraglutide mimics all of the glucoregulatory, insulin-releasing and extra-pancreatic actions of GLP-1, especially the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion Recent studies have shown that Liraglutide crosses the blood-brain-barrier when administered peripherally Therefore, the present study examined the effects of daily treatment with Liraglutide on the cognitive function in an animal model of diet-induced obesity which exhibits compromised cognitive performance.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND‐FREE METAL CLUSTERS (1984)

Abstract Review: (Schilderung des aktuellen Standes der experimentellen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der nackten Metallcluster, vor allem Arbeiten unter Anwendung der Technik der Matrix‐Isolierung.
PPB-Level Detection of Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water with an Electrochemical Sensor (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Low-cost modification of a contact atomic force microscope (AFM) into a sound-activated tapping mode AFM for use in air and liquids (1996)

Tapping mode capabilities are successfully implemented on a commercial contact mode atomic force microscope. In our setup, standard Si3N4 cantilevers are vibrated by an acoustic wave from a small piezo speaker. The minor changes needed in the measurement electronics are presented. Experiments performed both in air and under liquid, on hard as well as on soft samples, clearly demonstrate improvements in image quality, contrast, and resolution. Especially on soft biological samples, such as microtubules, the common problems of smearing and irreversible sample damage by scanning seem to be alleviated.
Effects of post-exercise supplements on glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle. (2002)

Post-exercise carbohydrate supplementation has been routinely used to enhance glycogen concentrations in skeletal muscle, particularly during multiple-day athletic events. Consumption of protein hydrolysates mixed with carbohydrate supplements during the post-exercise period may increase insulin response and cause glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle. A group of Alaskan sled dogs were selected to examine post-exercise supplementation in a paired crossover study design. The dogs were subjected to the same exercise regimen and provided one of three treatments-water, glucose polymers, or glucose polymers with protein hydrolysates-over a 2-month period. Parameters tested at various post-exercise time points included plasma insulin, glucagon and glucose concentrations, and skeletal muscle glycogen content to gain a better understanding of glucose metabolism and glycogen repletion. The results showed an enhanced insulin, glucose, and glucagon response immediately after supplementation and significantly increased glycogen concentrations in skeletal muscle within 24 hours when dogs received either of the glucose-containing supplements compared with water alone. There were no differences in the plasma parameters or skeletal muscle glycogen stores in dogs provided the glucose polymers alone or the glucose polymers plus protein hydrolysates. Thus, post-exercise carbohydrate supplementation increased muscle glycogen repletion, but inclusion of protein hydrolysates in the supplements provided no additional benefits.