gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of push-pull azo groups covalently bonded to a silica-gel matrix (1994)

The sol-gel synthesis of organic-inorganic composite materials with push pull azobenzene molecules covalently bonded to the silica matrix is used for fabricating low cost optical channel waveguides for integrated optics applications and optical information storage. The refractive index change is obtained through the orientation of the nonlinear active molecules induced by a trans-cis-trans photoisomerization process. The index change and anisotropy are created by illuminating the thin film at a wavelength located inside the absorption band of the chromophores. At short irradiation times, the induced birefringence and dichroism are the consequence of the usual reorientation phenomenon due to the trans-cis-trans isomerization. At long pumping times, a photobleaching is observed corresponding to an irreversible transformation in the silica matrix. This property is used to write channel waveguides and gratings.
Familial nature and continuing morbidity of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam (1997)

Chamorros suffer from two neurologic syndromes known as ALS and the parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) of Guam. We report mortality figures for these syndromes during 1991 to 1995 and compare them with those at 5-year intervals dating back to 1951. In contrast to predictions of disease disappearance, both syndromes remain prevalent. However, age of onset and age at death have increased for both syndromes, suggesting that shifting environmental factors are causing disease postponement. We also report the clinical, familial, neuropathologic, and immunohistochemical findings on a consecutive autopsy series of Guamanian Chamorro cases. Twelve cases were diagnosed as PDC, known locally as "bodig," and three as ALS, known locally as "lytico." All but three of these fifteen patients had a pronounced family history of similar illness. Eight of twelve boding patients had siblings who were also affected with bodig; two of three lytico cases had siblings afflicted with lytico. The family histories are compatible with genetic transmission of each syndrome. The neuropathology of bodig is characterized by severe and widespread neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) development. NFTs are surrounded by reactive microglia and reactive astrocytes, and complement proteins and other molecules connected with inflammation are associated with them. Similar inflammatory responses also occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but have been largely attributed to the presence of senile plaques. These data indicate that tangles, as well as plaques, generate inflammatory reactions that such reactions may exacerbate the fundamental pathology in bodig as well as in AD.
Incorporation of parallel electrospun fibers for improved topographical guidance in 3D nerve guides (2013)

Three dimensional (3D) conduits facilitate nerve regeneration. Parallel microfibers have been shown to guide axon extension and Schwann cell migration on flat sheets via topographical cues. However, incorporation of aligned microfibers into 3D conduits to accelerate nerve regeneration has proven challenging. We report an electrospinning technique to incorporate parallel microfibers into 3D constructs at high surface areas while retaining an open architecture. The nerve guide consists of many microchannels lined with a thin layer of longitudinally-aligned microfibers. This design aims to maximize benefits of topographical cues without inhibiting cellular infiltration. We support this hypothesis by demonstrating efficient cell infiltration in vitro. Additionally, this new technique reduces wall thickness compared to our previous design, providing a greater total area for tissue growth. This approach results in an architecture that very closely mimics the structure of decellularized nerve but with larger microchannel diameters to encourage cell infiltration. We believe that reproducing the native architecture is the first step toward matching autograph efficacy. Furthermore, this design can be combined with other biochemical cues to promote nerve regeneration.
3GPP New Radio Release 16: Evolution of 5G for Industrial Internet of Things (2021)

As a key component of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, robotics and autonomous systems (RAS) require enhanced ultra-reliable and low-latency communications, which may not be guaranteed under the first (Release 15) 5G communications standard called New Radio (NR), defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Recently, 3GPP Release 16 NR standardization has been completed, and a large subset of new features targets evolution of existing NR standards for various vertical applications. It includes the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Work Item, which aims to define enabling technologies to fulfill the stringent and time-sensitive requirements of RAS applications. In this article, we outline newly introduced key technical features of IIoT in NR and how they enable new RAS applications.
Polystyrene-Based Hydroxide-Ion-Conducting Ionomer: Binder Characteristics and Performance in Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2021)

Polystyrene-based polymers with variable molecular weights are prepared by radical polymerization of styrene. Polystyrene is grafted with bromo-alkyl chains of different lengths through Friedel-Crafts acylation and quaternized to afford a series of hydroxide-ion-conducting ionomers for the catalyst binder for the membrane electrode assembly in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Structural analyses reveal that the molecular weight of the polystyrene backbone ranges from 10,000 to 63,000 g mol<sup>-1</sup>, while the ion exchange capacity of quaternary-ammonium-group-bearing ionomers ranges from 1.44 to 1.74 mmol g<sup>-1</sup>. The performance of AEMFCs constructed using the prepared electrode ionomers is affected by several ionomer properties, and a maximal power density of 407 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> and a durability exceeding that of a reference cell with a commercially available ionomer are achieved under optimal conditions. Thus, the developed approach is concluded to be well suited for the fabrication of next-generation electrode ionomers for high-performance AEMFCs.
The estimation of copolymer reactivity ratios : a review and case studies using the error-in-variables model and nonlinear least squares (1995)

Copolymer reactivity ratios are often estimated from experimental data by outdated and statistically incorrect methods which are usually based on a linearization of the Mayo-Lewis model. This is true even though a solution using nonlinear regression analysis was published in the literature thirty years ago. Here the uses of nonlinear least squares and the error-in-variables model, which accomodates errors in all measured variables used in a model, are demonstrated and compared. The comparison is carried out by simulation using seven representative copolymer systems. For the Mayo-Lewis model there are circumstances where very little difference exists between the results obtained by the two methods in particular when the error in the monomer feed mole fraction is less than 1%. In this case, although the point estimates will be similar, an approach based on nonlinear least squares may underestimate the size of the joint confidence regions. Under the assumption of model adequacy, experimental plans based on D-optimality yield precise parameter estimates when compared to the more empirical approach of distributing experiments evenly over the monomer feed composition range. Furthermore, the use of data from designed experiments leads to a very simple closed-form solution for estimating reactivity ratios. This study confirms that EVM is the statistically correct state-of-the-art approach to estimating reactivity ratios and should be the preferred technique. Techniques such as the Fineman-Ross approach are suitable only for obtaining starting values for nonlinear estimation procedures.
Interaction of Tsg101 with Marburg Virus VP40 Depends on the PPPY Motif, but Not the PT/SAP Motif as in the Case of Ebola Virus, and Tsg101 Plays a Critical Role in the Budding of Marburg Virus-Like Particles Induced by VP40, NP, and GP (2007)

Marburg virus (MARV) VP40 is a matrix protein that can be released from mammalian cells in the form of virus-like particles (VLPs) and contains the PPPY sequence, which is an L-domain motif. Here, we demonstrate that the PPPY motif is important for VP40-induced VLP budding and that VLP production is significantly enhanced by coexpression of NP and GP. We show that Tsg101 interacts with VP40 depending on the presence of the PPPY motif, but not the PT/SAP motif as in the case of Ebola virus, and plays an important role in VLP budding. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of MARV budding.
Cloacaenodin, an Antimicrobial Lasso Peptide with Activity against Enterobacter (2022)

Using genome mining and heterologous expression, we report the discovery and production of a new antimicrobial lasso peptide from species related to the <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> complex. Using NMR and mass spectrometric analysis, we show that this lasso peptide, named cloacaenodin, employs a threaded lasso fold which imparts proteolytic resistance that its unthreaded counterpart lacks. Cloacaenodin has selective, low micromolar, antimicrobial activity against species related to the <i>E. cloacae</i> complex, including species implicated in nosocomial infections and against clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i>. We further used site-directed mutagenesis to probe the importance of specific residues to the peptide's biosynthesis, stability, and bioactivity.
Exploiting nonlinearity in an advanced dynamic magnetometer for UGS and MDA applications (2008)

Recently, we have shown the emergence of oscillations in overdamped undriven nonlinear dynamic systems subject to carefully crafted coupled schemes and operating conditions. Here, we summarize these results for a system of <i>N</i> = 3 coupled ferromagnetic cores, the underpinning of a "coupled-core fluxgate magnetometer" (CCFM): the oscillatory behaviour is triggered when the coupling constant exceeds a threshold value (bifurcation point), and the oscillation frequency exhibits a characteristic scaling behaviour with the "separation" of the coupling constant from its threshold value, as well as with an external "target" dc magnetic flux signal. We present assorted performance figures of the magnetometer, and also describe figure of merit (to characterize the device) that includes the effects of the sensor noise-floor as well its sensitivity.
Improving the Current Density and the Coulombic Efficiency by a Cascade Reaction of Glucose Oxidizing Enzymes (2013)

Improvements in current density and coulombic efficiency of a glucose oxidizing electrode were realized by a combination of pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus meleagris ( Am PDH) with glucose dehydrogenase from Glomerella cingulata ( Gc GDH). The mixed enzyme electrode oxidizes glucose in several combinations at the C-1, C-2 and C-3 positions of the pyranose ring. This concerted action of enzymes increases (i) the coulombic efficiency by extracting more than 2e - per substrate molecule and (ii) the current density of the electrode when the mass-transfer of substrates becomes rate limiting. The electrodes were investigated with flow injection analysis (FIA) using different substrates under physiological conditions (pH 7.4). These investigations showed that the product of one enzyme can be used as substrate for the other enzyme and maximally 6e - can be gained from the oxidation of one glucose molecule using mixed enzyme electrode Am PDH/ Gc GDH/Os-polymer. We propose a bioanode for use in biofuel cells with an increased current density and coulombic efficiency obtained by a cascade reaction catalyzed by redox enzymes with a different site-specificity for glucose.
Surface modulation of extracellular vesicles with cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated lipids for improvement of intracellular delivery to endothelial cells (2023)

Exosomes (diameter 30-200 nm) are a subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells containing DNA, microRNA (miRNA), and proteins. Exosomes are expected to be valuable as a means of delivering drugs or functional miRNAs in treatment of diseases. However, the delivery of exosomes is not sufficiently effective, even though exosomes have intrinsic delivery functions. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptide families that facilitate cellular intake of molecules and vesicles. We previously reported that the modification of cells, and liposomes with CPP-conjugated-lipids, CPPs conjugated with poly (ethylene glycol)-conjugated phospholipids (PEG-lipid), that induce adhesion by CPPs, can be useful for cell-based assays and harvesting liposomes. In this study, we aimed to modulate the exosome surface using Tat peptide (YGRKKRRQRRR)-PEG-lipids to improve intracellular delivery to endothelial cells. We isolated and characterized exosomes from the medium of HEK 293 T cell cultures. Tat conjugated PEG-lipids with different spacer molecular weights and lipid types were incorporated into exosomes using fluorescein isothiocyanate labeling to optimize the number of Tat-PEG-lipids immobilized on the exosome surface. The exosomes modified with Tat-PEG-lipids were incubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to study the interaction. Tat conjugated with 5 kDa PEG and C16 lipids incorporated on the exosome surface were highly detected inside HUVECs by flow cytometry. Fluorescence was negligible in HUVECs for control groups. Thus, Tat-PEG-lipids can be modified on the exosome surface, improving the intracellular delivery of exosomes.
Abstract LB-B16: In vitro monitoring of the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy designs trough an impedance-based platform (2015)

Abstract Immunotherapy is emerging as one of the most promising approaches in cancer treatment, allowing specific targeting of cancer cells from CD8+ T Lymphocytes based on surface marker expression. In vitro characterization of the efficacy and potency of BiTEs or CAR T-Cell constructs is a necessary step before moving to animal models and Phase I and II clinical studies. In this study we present the optimization of several protocols to analyze cancer immunotherapy reagents using an impedance-based platform. The platform allows detection of cell adhesion and cell death trough monitoring the change in conductance of microelectrodes embedded on the bottom of the culture dish. Because cell adhesion over the electrodes alters the conductivity of the surface, any change in cell morphology, adhesion or number is detected as alteration of an impedance-related parameter called Cell index (Ci). Furthermore, because the platform avoid the use of any chemical label or sample processing, it allows continuous monitoring of cell activity. Dose-responses curves of BiTEs antibodies against epithelial tumor cell lines with a range of expression of the EpCAM antigen show correlation between surface expression level and efficacy of the constructs. Decreasing ratios between effector and target cells, in combination with longer time of monitoring reveal the efficacy of such constructs also at equivalent stoichiometric ratio. Taken together our results demonstrate higher sensitivity of the impedance-based approach over established methodologies like Chromium-51 release assay and live-cell imaging, improving and speeding up the workflow for therapy optimization. Citation Format: Fabio Cerignoli, Jenny Zhu, Biao Xi, Leyna Zhao, Jeff Irelan, Yama Abassi. In vitro monitoring of the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy designs trough an impedance-based platform. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-B16.
Association between anti-P. gingivalis antibodies and anti-citrullinated vimentin antibodies in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2022)

Abstract Objectives Anti-citrullinated-protein auto-antibodies (ACPA), especially that react to citrullinated vimentin (CV), are implicated in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). P. gingivalis (Pg), a key pathogen of periodontitis, can citrullinate the host proteins by production of Pg-derived peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD). This study evaluated the relationship among antibodies (Abs) that react cyclic citrullinated protein (CCP), CV and periodontal pathogens in the serum of RA patients or control subjects. Methods Blood serum of healthy subjects (n=10) and RA patients (n=26) were obtained from Precision for Medicine. Six distinctive peptide sequences of Vimentin (#1–#6) and corresponding CV (#1’–#6’) peptides were synthesized. ELISA was employed to detect IgG Ab titers for CCP, intact vimentin and CV peptides. Fixed periodontal pathogens, Pg 33277, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) Y4, S. mitis, S. gordonii, A. odontolyticus, and C. gingivalis were also used as IgG ELISA antigens. Results The levels of anti-CCP Ab were higher in RA patients with anti-Pg Ab than those without anti-Pg Ab. Since elevated anti-Pg Ab is hallmark of periodontitis, it is conceivable that RA patients with anti-Pg Ab would have periodontitis. However, there was no association between anti-CCP Ab and the Abs reactive to the other bacteria. Very interestingly, RA patients with anti-Pg Ab, but not those without anti-Pg Ab, showed significantly elevated Ab response to #6’ CV peptide compared to intact #6 vimentin peptide, among six peptide sequences tested. Conclusions Our findings indicated that periodontitis may be associated with the induction of ACPA via PPAD-mediated citrullination of host proteins. Supported by NIH NIDCR grants, DE-027851, DE-028715 and DE-331851
Identification and Quantitation of Nicotine Polacrilex in Nicotine Pouches and Other Oral Nicotine Delivery Products (2023)

SUMMARY Nicotine polacrilex (CAS-No. 96055-45-7) can be used as the source of nicotine in nicotine pouches and other oral nicotine delivery products such as lozenges, tablets, and gums. The compound is the salt of nicotine with Amberlite IRP64, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and divinylbenzene. Present study describes a unique procedure to identify the presence of the compound nicotine polacrilex in oral nicotine delivery products and to evaluate its level. In oral nicotine delivery products, nicotine polacrilex is used in a mixture with other ingredients such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), maltitol, sweeteners, flavors, salts (such as Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 ), water, etc. These ingredients make the analysis of the compound nicotine polacrilex by spectroscopic techniques such as IR or Raman difficult. Also, since nicotine polacrilex is insoluble in common solvents, the analysis using solutions is not possible. The study is also attempting to detect if the product contains only nicotine polacrilex or if it has additional nicotine in a different form (e.g., nicotine or nicotine tartrate). The analysis uses pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS) and the detection and quantitation of nicotine polacrilex is based on measuring the pyrolysis products of divinylbenzene (DVB) moiety from the Amberlite IRP64. The detection was proven very reliable by this procedure, while the quantitation showed some variability caused by the typical variability in the pyrolysis process. [Contrib. Tob. Nicotine Res. 32 (2023) 43–49]
Predictive impact of rare genomic copy number variations in siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (2019)

Identification of genetic biomarkers associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) could improve recurrence prediction for families with a child with ASD. Here, we describe clinical microarray findings for 253 longitudinally phenotyped ASD families from the Baby Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC), encompassing 288 infant siblings. By age 3, 103 siblings (35.8%) were diagnosed with ASD and 54 (18.8%) were developing atypically. Thirteen siblings have copy number variants (CNVs) involving ASD-relevant genes: 6 with ASD, 5 atypically developing, and 2 typically developing. Within these families, an ASD-related CNV in a sibling has a positive predictive value (PPV) for ASD or atypical development of 0.83; the Simons Simplex Collection of ASD families shows similar PPVs. Polygenic risk analyses suggest that common genetic variants may also contribute to ASD. CNV findings would have been pre-symptomatically predictive of ASD or atypical development in 11 (7%) of the 157 BSRC siblings who were eventually diagnosed clinically.
Improved Patch-Based Automated Liver Lesion Classification by Separate Analysis of the Interior and Boundary Regions (2015)

The bag-of-visual-words (BoVW) method with construction of a single dictionary of visual words has been used previously for a variety of classification tasks in medical imaging, including the diagnosis of liver lesions. In this paper, we describe a novel method for automated diagnosis of liver lesions in portal-phase computed tomography (CT) images that improves over single-dictionary BoVW methods by using an image patch representation of the interior and boundary regions of the lesions. Our approach captures characteristics of the lesion margin and of the lesion interior by creating two separate dictionaries for the margin and the interior regions of lesions ("dual dictionaries" of visual words). Based on these dictionaries, visual word histograms are generated for each region of interest within the lesion and its margin. For validation of our approach, we used two datasets from two different institutions, containing CT images of 194 liver lesions (61 cysts, 80 metastasis, and 53 hemangiomas). The final diagnosis of each lesion was established by radiologists. The classification accuracy for the images from the two institutions was 99% and 88%, respectively, and 93% for a combined dataset. Our new BoVW approach that uses dual dictionaries shows promising results. We believe the benefits of our approach may generalize to other application domains within radiology.
Radiation Effects in Enhancement Mode GAAS Junction Field Effect Transistors (1977)

The degradation of the electrical characteristics of enhancement mode gallium arsenide junction field effect transistors exposed to fast neutrons (E > 10 keV) or to ionizing radiation (Co60) is shown to arise substantially from changes in mobility and free carrier concentration. However, circuit operation of devices with channel impurity concentrations of about 1017 cm-3 will not be impaired by fast neutron fluences of 1015 n/cm2 and ionizing radiation doses of 108 rad (GaAs). A comparison of radiation tolerances of the enhancement mode and the depletion mode JFET is presented in this paper.