gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opioid system diversity in developing neurons, astroglia, and oligodendroglia in the subventricular zone and striatum: Impact on gliogenesis in vivo (2001)

Accumulating evidence, obtained largely in vitro, indicates that opioids regulate the genesis of neurons and glia and their precursors in the nervous system. Despite this evidence, few studies have assessed opioid receptor expression in identified cells within germinal zones or examined opioid effects on gliogenesis in vivo. To address this question, the role of opioids was explored in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and/or striatum of 2–5-day-old and/or adult ICR mice. The results showed that subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the SVZ and striatum differentially express μ-, δ-, and/or κ-receptor immunoreactivity in a cell type-specific and developmentally regulated manner. In addition, DNA synthesis was assessed by examining 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into glial and nonglial precursors. Morphine (a preferential μ-agonist) significantly decreased the number of BrdU-labeled GFAP+ cells compared with controls or mice co-treated with naltrexone plus morphine. Alternatively, in S100β+ cells, morphine did not significantly decrease BrdU incorporation; however, significant differences were noted between mice treated with morphine and those treated with morphine plus naltrexone. Most cells were GFAP−/S100β−. When BrdU incorporation was assessed within the total population (glia and nonglia), morphine had no net effect, but naltrexone alone markedly increased BrdU incorporation. This finding suggests that DNA synthesis in GFAP−/S100β− cells is tonically suppressed by endogenous opioids. Assuming that S100β and GFAP, respectively, distinguish among younger and older astroglia, this implies that astroglial replication becomes increasingly sensitive to morphine during maturation, and suggests that opioids differentially regulate the development of distinct subpopulations of glia and glial precursors. GLIA 36:78–88, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multi-Band Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing for Quality-of-Service Traffic (2011)

Cognitive radios (CRs) are capable of sensing the RF spectrum to identify idle bands dynamically, and transmit opportunistically so as not to interfere with cohabiting primary users (PUs) over the same bands. In this work, spectrum sensing algorithms for CRs that support quality-of-service (QoS) traffic are investigated. Multiple bands are sensed in parallel to reduce the sensing delay, while ensuring a fixed minimum rate for CR transmissions with a given outage probability. Interference constraints are also imposed to protect PU transmissions. Both fixed sample size (FSS) as well as sequential sensing algorithms are developed to minimize the sensing delay. In the sequential sensing case, a bank of sequential probability ratio tests (SPRTs) are run in parallel to detect PU presence in all bands concurrently. Notably, the parameters for the detectors can be obtained via convex optimization. Numerical tests demonstrate that sequential sensing yields average sensing delays significantly smaller than those of FSS sensing.
Distal arteriovenous fistula formation after percutaneous coronary intervention: An old complication of a new access site (2020)

Abstract Dorsal or distal transradial artery access has recently gained popularity due to several perceived benefits that include favorable ergonomics, the potential for rapid hemostasis and lower rates of vascular complications. Still, no vascular access site is free of complications and reports of hematoma and pseudoaneurysm formation related to distal radial artery access have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 71‐year‐old male who developed an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) involving the distal left radial artery following repeated access of the artery. This rare complication is likely avoidable with a comprehensive understanding of the surrounding anatomy and proper procedural technique, including the routine use of ultrasound for access.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Interactive Computational Visual Analytics (2014)

This editorial introduction describes the aims and scope of ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 's special issue on interactive computational visual analytics. It explains why visual analytics is crucial to the growing needs surrounding data analysis, and it shows how the four articles selected for this issue reflect this theme.
Identification of the Domains of Photoincorporation of the 3‘- and 7-Benzophenone Analogues of Taxol in the Carboxyl-Terminal Half of Murine mdr1b P-glycoprotein (1998)

P-glycoprotein is an ATP-dependent drug-efflux pump that can transport a diverse range of structurally and functionally unrelated hydrophobic compounds across the plasma membrane. The transporter is composed of two homologous halves, each containing a nucleotide binding fold and six putative transmembrane spanning segments. The contact domains between the murine mdr1b P-glycoprotein and two photoreactive Taxol analogues have been mapped by a combination of CNBr digestion and immunoprecipitation studies. We had demonstrated previously that the 3'-p-benzoyldihydrocinnamoyl (BzDC) analogue of Taxol specifically photolabeled mdr1b P-glycoprotein and now show that the corresponding C-7 analogue likewise specifically photoincorporates into the transporter. CNBr digestion of both photolabeled P-glycoproteins gave rise to an approximate 10 kDa tritium-labeled peptide, each of which was a distinct polypeptide. The CNBr fragment generated from the 3'-BzDC-Taxol-photolabeled P-glycoprotein was immunoprecipitated by a polyclonal antibody (Ab7) raised against amino acid residues 1008-1019 of the mdr1b isoform. In contrast, the CNBr fragment generated from the 7-BzDC-Taxol-photolabeled P-glycoprotein was immunoprecipitated by a polyclonal antibody (Ab4) raised against amino acid residues 740-750. The specificity of these reactions was demonstrated by showing that the presence of the appropriate synthetic peptide blocked the immunoprecipitation. Moreover when the antibodies were reversed, no immunoprecipitation occurred. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence of mdr1b P-glycoprotein, and its hydropathy plot analysis, our data indicated that the 3'-BzDC group photoincorporates into amino acid residues 985-1088, a region of the transporter that includes half of TM 12 and terminates just after the Walker A motif in the second nucleotide binding fold. The 7-BzDC group photoincorporates into amino acid residues 683-760, a region of the transporter that includes all of TM 7 and half of TM 8 plus the intervening extracellular loop.
Infusing Intent and Its Management into Turing Machine: A Path to Cognitive Distributed Computing (2014)

The holy grail of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been the reproduction of the cognitive processes in Silicon based computing machines to mimic the human or animal cognitive behavior. Computationalismattempts to explain cognition in terms of different internal representations and symbol-manipulating processes operating over these representations. On the other hand, Connectionism explains cognition in terms of a finite automaton which computes associative function specified by a set of input -output pairs that in turn, introduce interaction into the computing model. However, both theories have critics who believe that they fall short in explaining the cognitive processes observed either in humans or ani mals. Computationalism tied to the Turing computing model which is restricted to single, sequential processes does not support concurrency, mobility and synchronization observed in cognitive processes. The connectionist systems are also dedicated to singletasks and do not support complex environments which require behaviors that are coordinated and integrated. Above all, cognition is associated with intent of a system and its accomplishment efficiently through various processes that monitor and control its elf and its environment. Any computing model incorporating cognition must accommodate dynamic coupling between various elements of the system,
Prevalence ofagrDysfunction among ColonizingStaphylococcus aureusStrains (2008)

Mutations in the staphylococcal virulence regulator gene agr frequently occur during Staphylococcus aureus infection. Whether agr-defective strains are fit for colonization, an important prerequisite for infection, is unknown. Screening by means of assays to detect delta-hemolysin activity and agr autoinducing peptide production indicated that 15 ( approximately 9%) of 160 healthy human subjects were colonized with an agr-defective strain or a mixture of agr-positive and -defective S. aureus strains. The presence of identical agr-defective strains in family members suggests that these strains are transmissible. Additionally, carriage of an agr-defective strain was associated with hospitalization, raising the possibility that such strains may be selected in a nosocomial setting.
Postnatal development of micturition reflex in rats (1986)

The postnatal development of the micturition reflex and factors related to its initiation have been investigated by means of cystometric techniques under urethan anesthesia. In rats less than 10 days of age, micturition is not elicited in response to bladder distension. In these animals voiding is triggered by application of a somatic stimulus in the perineal area. In rats greater than or equal to 15 days of age the response to bladder filling is similar to that observed in adults. In rats 10-15 days of age an intermediate pattern is frequently observed; i.e., bladder filling elicited micturition at high values of pressure threshold. The myogenic (tetrodotoxin insensitive) contractile activity of the bladder is absent at birth and developed postnatally, similar to that described in the isolated organ [C. A. Maggi, P. Santicioli, and A. Meli. Am. J. Physiol. 247 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 16): R972-R978, 1985]. The ability of topical capsaicin to induce tetrodotoxin-sensitive contractions of rat bladder (micturition reflex) appeared at day 10 and increases thereafter in parallel with ability of the bladder to respond to distension. These findings demonstrate that peripheral factors, such as myogenic contractile activity and sensory innervation, which are involved in the initiation of bladder voiding undergo a postnatal development in rats.
Improved Detection of Ischemia-Induced Increases in Coronary Sinus Adenosine in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (1992)

Attempts to monitor coronary sinus adenosine as a clinical marker of myocardial ischemia in humans have been disappointing. Accordingly, procedures have been developed for detecting adenosine in blood collected from the human coronary sinus. Collection involves using a double-lumen metabolic catheter, which allows blood to be mixed with a stop solution at the catheter tip, thereby minimizing adenosine formation and degradation. A five-component stop solution almost completely arrests adenosine formation and degradation. Adenosine analysis is improved by using both boronate and C18 Sep-Pak columns to purify and concentrate adenosine in human plasma before HPLC. Plasma adenosine in the coronary sinus of patients with and without coronary artery disease, measured before and during peak atrial pacing, showed a twofold atrial pacing-induced increase in adenosine in the patients with coronary artery disease (n = 9, P less than 0.001) but no change in the patients with normal epicardial coronary arteries (n = 6). These preliminary results indicate that coronary sinus adenosine may provide an index of myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease.
Scopoletin – an anti-hyperglycemic Coumarin from the fruit of <em>Averrhoa carambola</em> L. (Star fruit) (2017)

Purpose: Averrhoa carambola L. has a long history of its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, intermittent fevers, intestinal worms, scabies and inflammatory conditions. The fresh fruit of A. carambola is very popular in Sri Lanka for its glucose-lowering effect and is taken as good remedy for diabetes. The present study was carried out to isolate and characterize anti-hyperglycemic principles of the fruit of A. carambola to obtain additional scientific evidence for its usage in traditional medicine in the management of diabetes. Methods: The dried and powdered fruits of A. carambola were successively extracted with n-hexane and CH2Cl2 using soxhlet apparatus. The CH2Cl2 extract was subjected to silica gel column chromatography, eluting in a stepwise gradient with hexane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) mixtures. The fraction eluted with hexane:EtOAc (60:40) yielded a mixture which with preparative thin-layer chromatography afforded a pure compound designated as JW-AC-3. The structure of JW-AC-3 was elucidated on the basis of its Ultra- violet spectroscopy (UV), Infra-Red spectroscopy (IR), Mass Spectroscopy (MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) including Distortionless Enhancement Polarization Transfer (DEPT), Homonuclear Shift-Corrilation Spectroscopy (COSY), Nuclear Overhauser Spectroscopy (NOESY), Hetero Multiple Bond Connectivities (HMBC) and Heteronuclear Multiple-Quantum Coherence (HMQC) experiments and direct comparison with reported data. Results: JW-AC-3 was identified as scopoletin by direct comparison of its spectral data with reported data of scopoletin. To our knowledge, scopoletin has not been reported from A. carambola. Scopoletin has been shown to possess significant anti-hyperglycemic activity by previous workers. The results of this study clearly indicate that the majority of the anti-hyperglycemic activity of the fruits of A. carambola could be attributed to scopoletin. The results also provide for the use of scopoletin as a bio-marker in the standardization and quality control of products derived from the fruits of A. carambola . Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate potential use of scopoletin in the development of drugs of natural origin in the treatment of diabetes. The results could also be used in the rationalization of ethnomedical use of the fruits of A. carambola .
Investigation of Traumatic Brain Injuries Using the Next Generation of Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon) Finite Element Head Model (2008)

The objective of this study was to investigate potential for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) using a newly developed, geometrically detailed, finite element head model (FEHM) within the concept of a simulated injury monitor (SIMon). The new FEHM is comprised of several parts: cerebrum, cerebellum, falx, tentorium, combined pia-arachnoid complex (PAC) with cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF), ventricles, brainstem, and parasagittal blood vessels. The model's topology was derived from human computer tomography (CT) scans and then uniformly scaled such that the mass of the brain represents the mass of a 50th percentile male's brain (1.5 kg) with the total head mass of 4.5 kg. The topology of the model was then compared to the preliminary data on the average topology derived from Procrustes shape analysis of 59 individuals. Material properties of the various parts were assigned based on the latest experimental data. After rigorous validation of the model using neutral density targets (NDT) and pressure data, the stability of FEHM was tested by loading it simultaneously with translational (up to 400 g) combined with rotational (up to 24,000 rad/s2) acceleration pulses in both sagittal and coronal planes. Injury criteria were established in the manner shown in Takhounts et al. (2003a). After thorough validation and injury criteria establishment (cumulative strain damage measure--CSDM for diffuse axonal injuries (DAI), relative motion damage measure--RMDM for acute subdural hematoma (ASDH), and dilatational damage measure--DDM for contusions and focal lesions), the model was used in investigation of mild TBI cases in living humans based on a set of head impact data taken from American football players at the collegiate level. It was found that CSDM and especially RMDM correlated well with angular acceleration and angular velocity. DDM was close to zero for most impacts due to their mild severity implying that cavitational pressure anywhere in the brain was not reached. Maximum principal strain was found to correlate well with RMDM and angular head kinematic measures. Maximum principal stress didn't correlate with any kinematic measure or injury metric. The model was then used in the investigation of brain injury potential in NHTSA conducted side impact tests. It was also used in parametric investigations of various "what if" scenarios, such as side versus frontal impact, to establish a potential link between head kinematics and injury outcomes. The new SIMon FEHM offers an advantage over the previous version because it is geometrically more representative of the human head. This advantage, however, is made possible at the expense of additional computational time.
Electrostatics and performance benchmarking using all types of III&#x2013;V multi-gate FinFETs for sub 7nm technology node logic application (2014)

In this paper, we conducted the sub 7nm technology benchmarking for logic application using performance comparison between III-V multi-gate(double, tri, gate-all-around) nMOSFET and Si nFinFET. The benchmarking was executed based on the physical parameters extracted from Virtual-Source(VS) modeling and well-calibrated TCAD simulation. Especially by quantitatively investigating fin width(W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fin</sub> ) and interface trap(D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> ) effects on electrostatic of III-V multi-gate(MG) nMOSFET which is critical to device scaling, we proposed a device design strategy for sub 7nm technology node.
Satellite radiometer pre-launch sensitivity estimation using anechoic chamber and channel inter-comparison (2009)

The sensitivity of a radiometer to the brightness temperature variations of the target is one of the critical parameters of any radiometric measurement. The sensitivity is limited by the noise in the measurement and the stability of the instrument. In this study measurements in an anechoic chamber are used to evaluate the sensitivity limit of radiometers, which are the noise injection radiometers of European Space Agency's SMOS (Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity) satellite. The sensitivity is especially important for the measurement of sea surface salinity (SSS), one of the retrieval objectives of SMOS. The methods used include comparisons of the measurements to the physical temperature estimation of the chamber, both in relative and absolute sense, and comparison of different radiometer channels with each other. The analysis demonstrates the reliability of the methods in consistency of both brightness temperature values and physical temperature measurements. Finally, the results show that the noise injection radiometers satisfy the measurement requirement for SSS retrieval.
Osteogenic Repair by Bovine Bone Ash Derived Porous HA Ceramic Formed by Foaming Method (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Obstructive Airway Compromise in the Early Postoperative Period After Orthognathic Surgery (2012)

Between January 1, 1989 and April 30, 2012, approximately 2164 consecutive patients were treated with orthognathic surgery at the St. John's Hospital, Genk, Belgium. They all underwent a mandibular, maxillary, or bimaxillary osteotomy, performed by one of the 3 resident maxillofacial surgeons at the St. John's hospital in Genk. The purpose of the review was to investigate the incidence of major airway difficulties occurring postoperatively because of surgically related causes. It seemed that obstructive airway compromise was the only reason for urgent intervention to protect or to restore the airway. In total, 3 urgent unanticipated life-saving reintubations were attempted. One was successful, and the other was changed into an urgent tracheostomy. No deaths occurred in this patient series after orthognathic surgery. Osseous genioplasties, as stand-alone surgery or in combination with other simultaneous orthognathic procedures, do care the risk for a life-threatening respiratory distress because of a hematoma of the floor of the mouth, when performed with an oscillating saw or a surgical drill. If so, this probably will happen within the first 4 postoperative hours according to the experience in our series. This risk can be avoided by using a piezosurgical unit to perform the osseous genioplasty.
Design Techniques for Incremental Non-Regular Image Sampling Patterns (2018)

Even though image signals are typically acquired on a regular two dimensional grid, there exist many scenarios where non-regular sampling is possible. Non-regular sampling can remove aliasing. In terms of the non-regular sampling patterns, there is a high degree of freedom in how to actually arrange the sampling positions. In literature, random patterns show higher reconstruction quality compared to regular patterns due to reduced aliasing effects. On the downside, random patterns feature large void areas which is also disadvantageous. In the scope of this work, we present two techniques to design optimized non-regular image sampling patterns for arbitrary sampling densities. Both techniques create incremental sampling patterns, i.e., one pixel position is added in each step until the desired sampling density is reached. Our proposed patterns increase the reconstruction quality by more than +0.5 dB in PSNR for a broad density range. Visual comparisons are provided.
Off-axis refractive mass-transported gallium-phosphide microlens array for the reduction of distortion in an optical interconnect system (2000)

Mass-transport smoothing has been used to fabricate an array of off-axis gallium-phosphide microlenses for use in an optical interconnection system employing a single macroscopic lens to image an array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) onto a detector array. Steering the individual VCSEL beams through the center of the relay lens creates an optical system with low distortion.
Dynamic Q factor control of photonic crystal nanocavities (2007)

Dynamic Q factor control of a two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavity is demonstrated. Q factor is successfully changed dynamically from 3,000 to 12,000 on a picosecond time-scale.