gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative μPET Imaging of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Amyloidosis in the TASTPM Double Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

Positron emission tomography studies of cerebral glucose utilization and amyloid-β deposition with fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]-FDG) and amyloid tracers have shown characteristic pathological changes in Alzheimer's Disease that can be used for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Application of this technology to preclinical research with transgenic animal models would greatly facilitate drug discovery and further understanding of disease processes. The results from preclinical studies with these imaging biomarkers have however been highly inconsistent, causing doubts over whether animal models can truly replicate an AD-like phenotype. In this study we performed in vivo imaging with [(18)F]-FDG and [(18)F]-AV45 in double transgenic TASTPM mice, a transgenic model that been previously demonstrated high levels of fibrillar amyloid-β and decreases in cerebral glucose utilization with ex vivo techniques. Our results show widespread and significant retention of [(18)F]-AV45 (p < 0.0001) in aged TASTPM mice in addition to significant regional decreases in [(18)F]-FDG uptake (p < 0.05). In vivo quantification of amyloid-β showed a strong (Pearson's r = 0.7078), but not significant (p = 0.1156), positive correlation with ex vivo measures suggesting some limitations on tracer sensitivity. In the case of [(18)F]-FDG, voxelwise analysis greatly enhanced detection of hypometabolic regions. We further evidenced modest neuronal loss (thalamus p = 0.0318) that could underlie the observed hypometabolism. This research was performed in conjunction with the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) for the Innovative Medicine Initiative under the PharmaCog Grant Agreement no.115009.
High-dose pharmaceutical grade biotin (MD1003) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study (2020)

MedDay Pharmaceuticals.
Editorial Comments (1990)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1990Editorial Comments Glenn M. Preminger Glenn M. PremingerGlenn M. Preminger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)39350-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 144(1), p. 12 © 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 144Issue 1July 1990Page: 12 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Glenn M. Preminger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Assembly of Spindles and Asters in Xenopus Egg Extracts (2018)

Here, we provide methods for assembly of mitotic spindles and interphase asters in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> egg extract, and compare them to spindles and asters in the egg and zygote. Classic "cycled" spindles are made by adding sperm nuclei to metaphase-arrested cytostatic factor (CSF) extract and inducing entry into interphase extract to promote nucleus formation and DNA replication. Interphase nuclei are then converted to cycled spindles arrested in metaphase by addition of CSF extract. Kinetochores assemble in this reaction and these spindles can segregate chromosomes. CSF spindles are made by addition of sperm nuclei to CSF extract. They are less physiological and lack functional kinetochores but suffice for some applications. Large interphase asters are prepared by addition of artificial centrosomes or sperm nuclei to actin-intact egg extract. These asters grow rapidly to hundreds of microns in radius by branching microtubule nucleation at the periphery, so the aster as a whole is a network of short, dynamic microtubules. They resemble the sperm aster after fertilization, and the asters that grow out of the poles of the mitotic spindle at anaphase. When interphase asters grow into each other they interact and assemble aster interaction zones at their shared boundary. These zones consist of a line (in extract) or disc (in zygotes) of antiparallel microtubule bundles coated with cytokinesis midzone proteins. Interaction zones block interpenetration of microtubules from the two asters, and signal to the cortex to induce cleavage furrows. Their reconstitution in extract allows dissection of the biophysics of spatially regulated cytokinesis signaling.
Revealing Anisotropic Spinel Formation on Pristine Li‐ and Mn‐Rich Layered Oxide Surface and Its Impact on Cathode Performance (2017)

Surface properties of cathode particles play important roles in the transport of ions and electrons and they may ultimately dominate cathode's performance and stability in lithium‐ion batteries. Through the use of carefully prepared Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 O 2 crystal samples with six distinct morphologies, surface transition‐metal redox activities and crystal structural transformation are investigated as a function of surface area and surface crystalline orientation. Complementary depth‐profiled core‐level spectroscopy, namely, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, are applied in the study, presenting a fine example of combining advanced diagnostic techniques with a well‐defined model system of battery materials. The present study reports the following findings: (1) a thin layer of defective spinel with reduced transition metals, similar to what is reported on cycled conventional secondary particles in the literature, is found on pristine oxide surface even before cycling, and (2) surface crystal structure and chemical composition of both pristine and cycled particles are facet dependent. Oxide structural and cycling stabilities improve with maximum expression of surface facets stable against transition‐metal reduction. The intricate relationships among morphology, surface reactivity and structural transformation, electrochemical performance, and stability of the cathode materials are revealed.
Salmonella enterica Prophage Sequence Profiles Reflect Genome Diversity and Can Be Used for High Discrimination Subtyping (2018)

Non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Prompt and accurate identification of the sources of <i>Salmonella</i> responsible for disease outbreaks is crucial to minimize infections and eliminate ongoing sources of contamination. Current subtyping tools including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing may be inadequate, in some instances, to provide the required discrimination among epidemiologically unrelated <i>Salmonella</i> strains. Prophage genes represent the majority of the accessory genes in bacteria genomes and have potential to be used as high discrimination markers in <i>Salmonella</i>. In this study, the prophage sequence diversity in different <i>Salmonella</i> serovars and genetically related strains was investigated. Using whole genome sequences of 1,760 isolates of <i>S. enterica</i> representing 151 <i>Salmonella</i> serovars and 66 closely related bacteria, prophage sequences were identified from assembled contigs using PHASTER. We detected 154 different prophages in <i>S. enterica</i> genomes. Prophage sequences were highly variable among <i>S. enterica</i> serovars with a median ± interquartile range (IQR) of 5 ± 3 prophage regions per genome. While some prophage sequences were highly conserved among the strains of specific serovars, few regions were lineage specific. Therefore, strains belonging to each serovar could be clustered separately based on their prophage content. Analysis of <i>S</i>. Enteritidis isolates from seven outbreaks generated distinct prophage profiles for each outbreak. Taken altogether, the diversity of the prophage sequences correlates with genome diversity. Prophage repertoires provide an additional marker for differentiating <i>S. enterica</i> subtypes during foodborne outbreaks.
SP-333, a D-Amino Acid Containing Peptide Agonist of Guanylate Cyclase-C Is a Novel Drug Candidate for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Diseases (2014)

Introduction: Uroguanylin (UG) is an endogenous natriuretic peptide that binds and activates GC-C receptors located on the luminal side of the GI tract to stimulate cGMP synthesis, a second messenger that regulates electrolytes and fluid transport, maintains epithelial cell homeostasis and facilitates barrier function in the GI tract. The biologically active UG (16 amino acid) assumes several distinct topological isomers in aqueous solution and only one of those are biologically active. Based on thermal bond energy calculations, 3-D structure modeling and results from molecular simulation studies, we determined that the substitution of L-Asp amino acid at the 3rd position in UG with L-Glu imparts α-helical stability to the resulting peptides such as plecanatide and SP-333. In this study, we demonstrate therapeutic potentials of these GC-C agonists for GI disorders and diseases. Methods: Several analogs of uroguanylin and plecanatide in which natural amino acids were replaced with D-amino acids were evaluated in T84 bioassay and in intestinal loop assay in rats. Effect of oral treatment with plecanatide and SP-333 on bowel movement was evaluated in mice and monkeys. Results: SP-333 in which L-Asp at the N-terminal and L-Leu at the C-terminal of plecanatide were replaced with D-Asp and D-Leu, respectively, was found to be the most stable and potent analog of uroguanylin. Single substitutions with D-amino acid on other positions and double-substitutions with D-Cys4/D-Cys12 and D-Cys7/D-cyc15 resulted in complete loss in potency of the resulting peptides. Importantly, the substitution of L-Glu at the third position with D-Glu caused drastic reduction in potency, suggesting that the optical orientation of the amino acid at this position is crucial. Oral administration of plecanatide or SP-333 stimulated fluid secretion in the intestinal loop assay in rats and promoted bowel movement (BM) in monkeys.Figure 1Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that plecanatide and SP-333, potent analogs of uroguanylin, are promising GC-C agonists for treatment of GI disorders and diseases in human. Plecanatide is currently being evaluated in phase III clinical trials in chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome-constipation, whereas SP-333 is in phase II clinical development for opioid-induced constipation and ulcerative colitis. Disclosure - Kunwar Shailubhai, John Foss, Stephen Comiskey and Vaseem Palejwala are employees of Synergy Pharmaceuticals.
Beyond Output Voting: Detecting Compromised Replicas Using HMM-Based Behavioral Distance (2008)

Many host-based anomaly detection techniques have been proposed to detect code-injection attacks on servers. The vast majority, however, are susceptible to "mimicry" attacks in which the injected code masquerades as the original server software, including returning the correct service responses, while conducting its attack. "Behavioral distance," by which two diverse replicas processing the same inputs are continually monitored to detect divergence in their low-level (system-call) behaviors and hence potentially the compromise of one of them, has been proposed for detecting mimicry attacks. In this paper, we present a novel approach to behavioral distance measurement using a new type of hidden Markov model, and present an architecture realizing this new approach. We evaluate the detection capability of this approach using synthetic workloads and recorded workloads of production Web and game servers, and show that it detects intrusions with substantially greater accuracy than a prior proposal on measuring behavioral distance. We also detail the design and implementation of a new architecture, which takes advantage of virtualization to measure behavioral distance. We apply our architecture to implement intrusion-tolerant Web and game servers, and through trace-driven simulations demonstrate that it experiences moderate performance costs even when thresholds are set to detect stealthy mimicry attacks.
Non-linearity Tolerance of Direct Detection and Coherent Receivers for 43 Gb/s RZ-DQPSK Signals with Co-propagating 11.1 Gb/s NRZ Signals over NZ-DSF (2008)

We experimentally investigate the nonlinear impairments on 43 Gb/s RZ-DQPSK signals with direct detection and coherent receivers in a hybrid 10 G/40 G DWDM transmission over NZ-DSF with 50 GHz channel spacing.
An Online Joint Optimization-Estimation Architecture for Distribution Networks (2022)

In this paper, we propose an optimal control-estimation architecture for distribution networks, which jointly solves the optimal power flow (OPF) problem and static state estimation (SE) problem through an online gradient-based feedback algorithm. The main objective is to enable a fast and timely interaction between the optimal controllers and state estimators with limited sensor measurements. First, convergence and optimality of the proposed algorithm are analytically established. Then, the proposed gradient-based algorithm is modified by introducing statistical information of the inherent estimation and linearization errors for an improved and robust performance of the online control decisions. Overall, the proposed method eliminates the traditional separation of control and operation, where control and estimation usually operate at distinct layers and different time-scales. Hence, it enables a computationally affordable, efficient and robust online operational framework for distribution networks under time-varying settings.
Molecular Characterization of a NovelStaphylococcus aureusSerine Protease Operon (2001)

The present study identified and characterized a unique operon (spl) encoding six serine protease-like proteins. In addition, native Spl proteins were isolated and characterized. Typical of most exoproteins, the spl gene products contain putative 35- or 36-amino-acid signal peptides. The Spl proteins share 44 to 95% amino acid sequence identity with each other and 33 to 36% sequence identity with V8 protease. They also contain amino acids found in catalytic triads of enzymes in the trypsin-like serine protease family, and SplB and SplC were shown to degrade casein. The spl operon is transcribed on a 5.5-kb transcript, but several nonrandom degradation products of this transcript were also identified. Similar to other S. aureus exoprotein genes, the spl operon is maximally expressed during the transition into stationary phase and is positively controlled by the Agr virulence factor regulator. The Sar regulatory system did not affect spl operon expression. PCR analysis revealed the presence of the spl operon in 64% of the S. aureus isolates tested, although one spl operon-negative isolate was shown to contain at least two of the spl genes. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of an spl operon deletion mutant revealed no major differences in virulence compared to the parental strain.
Supramolecular Sandwiches: Halogen-Bonded Coformers Direct [2+2] Photoreactivity in Two-Component Cocrystals (2020)

The halogen-bond (X-bond) donors 1,3- and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (<b>1,3-di-I-tFb</b> and <b>1,4-di-I-tFb</b>, respectively) form cocrystals with <i>trans</i>-1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene (<b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-bpe</b>) assembled by N···I X-bonds. In each cocrystal, 2(<b>1,3-di-I-tFb</b>)·2(<b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-bpe</b>) and (<b>1,4-di-I-tFb</b>)·(<b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-bpe</b>), the donor molecules support the C=C bonds of <b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-bpe</b> to undergo an intermolecular [2+2] photodimerization. UV irradiation of each cocrystal resulted in stereospecific and quantitative conversion of <b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-bpe</b> to <i>rctt</i>-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)cyclobutane (<b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-tpcb</b>). In each case, the reactivity occurs via face-to-face <i>π</i>-stacked columns wherein nearest-neighbor pairs of <b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-bpe</b> molecules lie sandwiched between X-bond donor molecules. Nearest-neighbor C=C bonds are stacked criss-crossed in both cocrystals. The reactivity was ascribed to the olefins undergoing pedal-like motion in the solid state. The stereochemistry of <b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-tpcb</b> is confirmed in cocrystals 2(<b>1,3-di-I-tFb</b>)·(<b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-tpcb</b>) and (<b>1,4-di-I-tFb</b>)·(<b>2,</b><b>2'</b><b>-tpcb</b>).
State of charge monitoring for road vehicle batteries (2003)

The paper deals with batteries for road vehicles. In particular, battery behaviour is analysed focusing on the efficiency in different operations such as charge and discharge. The parameters of a simplified model of the battery are considered to monitor the state of charge and the efficiency of batteries for road vehicles. Data coming from the ATENA research project, by testing batteries on board of vehicles circulating in the city of Naples, are presented. There is a comparison between the results obtained from testing the batteries on the road and the results obtained from experimental tests. Experimental tests have been done on a workbench realized in a laboratory to simulate any working condition for the battery pack. The workbench is illustrated and the results are discussed and evidenced in the final part of the paper.
Gaussian random number generation by differential detection of speckles (1995)

This PDF contains the communication Gaussian random number generation by differential detection of speckles.
Systems analysis of intestinal hemodynamics and oxygenation (1983)

A systems analysis of intrinsic regulation of intestinal blood flow and oxygenation is presented. The model is based on current concepts of metabolic control of tissue oxygen delivery and incorporates recent data from the literature regarding the influence of oxygen availability-to-demand ratio on intestinal vascular resistance and perfused capillary density. The model was used to evaluate the relative importance of resistance and exchange vessels in preventing cellular hypoxia during reductions in oxygen delivery or increments in oxygen demand. The model predicted that capillary recruitment is of greater quantitative significance than blood flow autoregulation in preventing cellular hypoxia when intestinal perfusion pressure is reduced. However, the combination of capillary recruitment and blood flow autoregulation provides a large margin of safety against tissue hypoxia in the intestine. Simulation results also predict that oxygen extraction plays a greater role than blood flow in providing additional oxygen to the hypermetabolic intestine irrespective of which control system (resistance or exchange vessel) is operating.
Functional interaction between the integrin antagonist neutrophil inhibitory factor and the I domain of CD11b/CD18. (1995)

Vol. 269 (1994) 26419-26423 During preparation of our manuscript, but following completion of our experiments that demonstrated that NIF binds directly to the CDllb I-domain, Drs. P. Rieu, T. Ueda, C. Sharma, and A. M. Arnaout communicated to us similar findings, using purified recombinant NIF that was provided by Corvas International, Inc.
Medication Overuse Headache (2016)

Questions from patients about pain conditions and analgesic pharmacotherapy and responses from authors are presented to help educate patients and make them more effective self-advocates. In reply to a question about medication overuse headache, its presentation, causes, treatment, and prevention will be discussed.
Panchromatic ruthenium sensitizer based on electron-rich heteroarylvinylene π-conjugated quaterpyridine for dye-sensitized solar cells (2010)

The first example of a heteroarylvinylene π-conjugated quaterpyridine Ru(II) sensitizer (N1044) was synthesized and used in dye-sensitized solar cells; the dye has an effective panchromatic absorption band, covering the entire visible spectrum up to the NIR region, and superior electrochemical characteristics (HOMO/LUMO and bandgap energies) with respect to previous representative Ru(II) bi- and quaterpyridine sensitizers. A record IPCE curve ranging from 360 to 920 nm has been measured with a maximum of 65% at 646 nm and still 33% efficiency at 800 nm; this leads to substantially increased photocurrent (19.2 mA cm(-2)) when compared to the prototype N719 Ru(II) sensitizer.
Life cycle energy efficiency and environmental impact assessment of bioethanol production from sweet potato based on different production modes (2017)

The bioethanol is playing an increasingly important role in renewable energy in China. Based on the theory of circular economy, integration of different resources by polygeneration is one of the solutions to improve energy efficiency and to reduce environmental impact. In this study, three modes of bioethanol production were selected to evaluate the life cycle energy efficiency and environmental impact of sweet potato-based bioethanol. The results showed that, the net energy ratio was greater than 1 and the value of net energy gain was positive in the three production modes, in which the maximum value appeared in the circular economy mode (CEM). The environment emission mainly occurred to bioethanol conversion unit in the conventional production mode (CPM) and the cogeneration mode (CGM), and eutrophication potential (EP) and global warming potential (GWP) were the most significant environmental impact category. While compared with CPM and CGM, the environmental impact of CEM significantly declined due to increasing recycling, and plant cultivation unit mainly contributed to EP and GWP. And the comprehensive evaluation score of environmental impact decreased by 73.46% and 23.36%. This study showed that CEM was effective in improving energy efficiency, especially in reducing the environmental impact, and it provides a new method for bioethanol production.