gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sex-Related Differences in COVID-19 Lethality (2020)

Many Western countries have been affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. Italy has been particularly hit at the beginning of the pandemic, immediately after China. In Italy and elsewhere women seem to be less affected then men by severe/fatal COVID-19 infection, regardless of their age. Despite the evidence that women and men are different fort this infection, very few studies consider different therapeutic approaches for the two sexes. Undoubtedly, understanding the mechanisms at the bases of these differences may help to find appropriate and sex specific therapies. Here we consider that other mechanisms but estrogen protection are involved. Several X-linked genes (such as ACE2) and Y-linked genes (SRY, SOX9) may explain sex differences. Cardiovascular comorbidities are among the major enhancers of virus lethality. In addition, the number of sex-independent non-genetic factors that can change susceptibility and mortality is enormous, and many other factors are likely to be considered, including gender and cultural habits in different countries.
Optimal Power Management for a Hydraulic Hybrid Delivery Truck (2004)

Hydraulic hybrid propulsion and energy storage components demonstrate characteristics that are very different from their electric counterparts, thus requiring unique control strategies. This paper presents a methodology for developing a power management strategy tailored specifically to a parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle (HHV) configured for a medium-size delivery truck. The Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle is modelled in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to facilitate system integration and control studies. A Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm is used to obtain optimal control actions for gear shifting and power splitting between the engine and the hydraulic motor over a representative urban driving schedule. Features of optimal control signal trajectories are then studied to derive implementable rules. System behaviour demonstrates that the new control strategy takes advantage of high power density and efficiency characteristics of hydraulic components, and minimizes disadvantages of low energy density, to achieve enhanced overall efficiency. Simulation results indicate that the potential for fuel economy improvement of delivery trucks with hydraulic hybrid propulsion can be as high as 47%. (A)
DEM Simulation of Particle Motion in a MiPro Granulator (2009)

High shear mixers/granulators are used in a variety of industries these days, a prime example been the pharmaceuticals. It is important to gain a fundamental understanding of the motion of particles inside these devices for smooth operations and strict quality control. This work shows a preliminary study on a laboratory scale granulator (MiPro, ProCept Belgium). The granulator has three identical blades consisting of a horizontal section which runs along the bottom of the bowl and a vertical section which runs partway up the side of the bowl, each blade is inclined at 45°. The motion of particles is quantified by velocity fields and bulk porosity. The results show that complicated flow patterns occur due to the complex impellor design. The highest velocities are found to coincide with the tip of the impellor blades, the particle bed is less porous ahead of the blades, with a region of high porosity directly behind the vertical section of each blade.
Leukocyte-borne α(1,3)-fucose is a negative regulator of β2-integrin-dependent recruitment in lung inflammation (2016)

Leukocyte recruitment in inflammation is a multistep, sequential cascade where the initial step is the selectin-dependent tethering, followed by the formation of firmer integrin-mediated adhesive forces leading to extravasation. The α(1,3)-fucose-containing sialyl-Lewis X (sLe<sup>X</sup>) is the archetypical ligand on leukocyte surfaces mediating selectin interactions. Canonically, disruption of α(1,3)-fucose formation ablates selectin-mediated adhesion, dramatically reducing trafficking. We report a paradoxical response to α(1,3)-fucose deficiency in which the loss exacerbated rather than attenuated leukocyte recruitment in a murine model of acute airway inflammation. The architecture of the capillary-dominated vasculature in the lung minimized the importance of the selectin dependent step, and we observed that α(1,3)-fucose deficiency augmented CXCR2-mediated Rap1-GTP signaling to enhance the β<sub>2</sub>-integrin-ICAM-1-binding axis. The data disclose a previously unknown function for α(1,3)-fucose, in which this structure negatively regulates the integrin activation step in leukocyte recruitment.
Inhibition of Rat Embryo Histidine Decarboxylase by Epoxyquinomicins. (2000)

Epoxyquinomicins A, B, C and D were first isolated
Electrophoretic Deposition of Phosphors for White Solid State Lighting Using Near UV-Emitting LEDs (2013)

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a method to deposit particles dispersed in a liquid onto a substrate under the force of an applied electric field, and has been applied for depositing phosphors for application in solid state lighting. The objective is to deposit phosphors in a "remote phosphor" configuration for a UV-LED-based light source for improved white light extraction efficiency. It is demonstrated that EPD can be used to deposit red-, green-, blue-, yellow- and orange-emitting phosphors to generate white light using a near UV-emitting LED by either depositing a phosphor blend or sequentially individual phosphor compositions.
The Effects of Dopants on the Cu–ZrO2 Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid (2018)

Catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid to form γ-valerolactone was studied over Cu–ZrO2 catalysts doped with metal oxides from the first-row transition metals. The Cu–ZrO2 material was prepared by oxalate gel coprecipitation, and dopants were added by an incipient wetness approach. The addition of 1% Mn into Cu–ZrO2 significantly increases the yield of γ-valerolactone, and the catalytic activity of Mn/Cu–ZrO2 was found to be 1.6 times higher than that of the undoped Cu–ZrO2 catalyst. Catalyst characterization suggests that the Mn dopant improves the dispersion of Cu on the surface of ZrO2. Kinetic studies show that the reaction order with respect to the substrate concentration is approximately zero. However, the order of reaction with respect to the partial pressure of H2 is different for the Mn/Cu–ZrO2 and Cu–ZrO2 catalysts. Comparison of reaction products from reactions carried out in H2O and D2O solvents using 1H NMR and 13C NMR show that there is a pre-equilibrium keto–enol isomerization step under our reaction conditions. DFT calculations show that the enol isomers have a higher affinity for the Cu surface, which may improve the availability of the substrate in the hydrogenation step of the reaction.
Poly(p‐phenylenediamine)‐coated magnetic particles: Preparation and electrochemical properties (2019)

Magnetic particles are of great interest in various biomedical applications, such as, sample preparation, in vitro biomedical diagnosis, and therapy. For biosensing applications, the used functional magnetic particles should answer numerous criteria such as; submicron size in order to avoid rapid sedimentation, high magnetic content for fast separations under applied magnetic field, and finally, good colloidal stability. Therefore, the aim of this work was to prepare submicron magnetic core and conducting polymer shell particles. The polymer shell was induced using p ‐phenylenediamine as key monomer. The obtained core–shell particles were characterized in terms of particle size, size distribution, magnetization properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, surface morphology, chemical composition, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. The best experimental condition was found using 40 mg of povidone (PVP—stabilizing agent) and 0.16 mmol of p ‐phenylenediamine. Using such initial composition, the core‐shell magnetic nanoparticles shown a narrowed size distribution around 290 nm and high magnetic content (above 50%). The obtained amino containing submicron highly magnetic particles were found to be a conducting material and superparamagnetic in nature. These promising conducting magnetic particles can be used for both transport and lab‐on‐a‐chip detection.
Penetrating the Glycan Shield on HIV‐1 (2015)

The HIV‐1 envelope spike, the sole target of virus‐directed neutralizing antibodies, is covered by a dense array of N ‐linked glycans, which comprises rough half its molecular weight. Because these glycan are generated by self‐biosynthetic machinery, the human immune system can only recognize them as non‐self if they are arranged either in a unique cluster of glycans (such as the triple glycan cluster recognized by antibody 2G12) or as part of a glyco‐peptide epitope (such as observed with antibodies PG9 or 35O22). For the few surfaces on HIV‐1 that are glycan‐free, such as that recognized by the CD4 receptor, antibodies need to contend with the dense glycan that surrounds the site. Here we use crystal structures of a soluble trimeric form HIV‐1 (SOSIP.664) to investigate requirement for penetration to the nominally glycan‐free site of CD4 attachment. We analyze the crystal structure of a fully glycosylated HIV‐1 Env trimer to gain insight into the degree that surrounding N‐linked glycan sterically cover the CD4‐binding site. We also analyze crystal structures of trimeric HIV‐1 Env with antibody VRC01, a CD4‐binding‐site directed antibody capable of neutralizing ~90% of HIV‐1 isolates. The double head of a human antibody, a consequence of the heavy chain‐light chain pairing, appears to be sterically constrained relative to the single‐headed llama vHH antibodies. The vaccine implications of these findings will be discussed.
Skippy (2017)

We introduce Skippy, a novel algorithm for 3D interactive curve modeling from a single view. While positing curves in space can be a tedious task, our rapid sketching algorithm allows users to draw curves in and around existing geometry in a controllable manner. The key insight behind our system is to automatically infer the 3D curve coordinates by enumerating a large set of potential curve trajectories. More specifically, we partition 2D strokes into continuous segments that land both on and off the geometry, duplicating segments that could be placed in front or behind, to form a directed graph. We use distance fields to estimate 3D coordinates for our curve segments and solve for an optimally smooth path that follows the curvature of the scene geometry while avoiding intersections. Using our curve design framework we present a collection of novel editing operations allowing artists to rapidly explore and refine the combinatorial space of solutions. Furthermore, we include the quick placement of transient geometry to aid in guiding the 3D curve. Finally we demonstrate our interactive design curve system on a variety of applications including geometric modeling, and camera motion path planning.
Self-Powered IOT System for Edge Inference (2020)

We present an end to end IoT system that works off harvested energy from multiple sources. It includes X86s compute, security and image inference at the edge. The mote is self-powered by an energy harvesting power management IC (EHPMIC). The system connects wirelessly to a gateway that connects to the cloud. Sustainable energy-neutral operation is achieved by solar and wind energy harvesting. 14000 lines of software stack was implemented, and the system was demonstrated to consume only 0.2mW idle and 24mW peak power. Measured minimum energy point was 6.2pJ/cycle at 0.5V /100MHz running Dhrystone benchmarks. EHPMIC delivers up to 120mW with a peak efficiency of 81.7% and only <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$120\mu \mathrm{W}$</tex> control power overhead.
MmmW PA design and PA-Antenna co-integration in CMOS SOI and BICMOS SiGe technologies (2014)

International audience
Toward realtime side information decoding on multi-core processors (2010)

Most distributed source coding schemes involve the application of a channel code to the signal and transmission of the resulting syndromes. For low-complexity encoding with superior compression performance, graph-based channel codes such as LDPC codes are used to generate the syndromes. The encoder performs simple XOR operations, while the decoder uses belief propagation (BP) decoding to recover the signal of interest using the syndromes and some correlated side information. We consider parallelization of BP decoding on general-purpose multi-core CPUs. The motivation is to make BP decoding fast enough for realtime applications. We consider three different BP decoding algorithms: Sum-Product BP, Min-Sum BP and Algorithm E. The speedup obtained by parallelizing these algorithms is examined along with the tradeoff against decoding performance. Parallelization is achieved by dividing the received syndrome vectors among different cores, and by using vector operations to simultaneously process multiple check nodes in each core. While Min-Sum BP has intermediate decoding complexity, a “vectorized” version of Min-Sum BP performs nearly as fast as the much simpler Algorithm E with significantly fewer decoding errors. Our experiments indicate that, for the best compromise between speed and performance, the decoder should use Min-Sum BP when the side information is of good quality and Sum-Product BP otherwise.
The many colors of photonic bandgap fibers: theory, materials, processing, characterization and applications (2004)

Summary form only given. A fabrication method is introduced which enables the combination of two solid materials having dissimilar indices of refraction in a single fiber structure. This method involves the selection of optically distinct yet thermally compatible materials, a novel preform fabrication technique and fiber draw, and has led to the fabrication of the first optical transmission fiber that has lower losses than the materials that it is made of. The characterization effort of these novel structures is presented in light of the extensive theory design and modeling work that has been conducted at MIT and others. In particular the focus of this work is on direct reflection measurements of cylindrical bandgap fibers that corroborate the magnitude and position of the bandgaps as well as more recent results pertaining to fibers for high-power laser transmission. Other applications are also discussed.
Programmable beam-splitter for confocal laser scanning microscopy (2002)

In confocal microscopy manifold combinations of dyes are used. The entire wavelength range from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared is used to excite these dyes. Their emission is then detected primarily in the visible range. In addition to the number of dyes, the number of possible excitation laser lines is already large and constantly increasing. Due to the almost unlimited number of possible combinations, programmable devices are required. This is true for excitation-modules, beam-splitters and detection modules. Systems using filters with fixed spectral properties can practically fulfill the requirements for only a very small subset of applications. Programmable devices have been realized for excitation using Acousto Optical Tunable Filters (AOTF's). Freely definable spectral detectors are available for a perfect adaptation to the desired emission bands. The missing link for a completely filter-free design is now introduced using an Acousto Optical Beam Splitter (AOBS).
Formation of morphologically confined nanospaces via self-assembly of graphene and nanospheres for selective separation of lithium (2018)

A novel organic–inorganic multilayer framework membrane was constructed by using graphene and sulfonated amino-polystyrene nanospheres (rGO@SAPS) through a chemical self-assembly process for selective separation of Li<sup>+</sup> from saline lakes under an electric field.
Optical measurements of transmembrane potential changes during electric field stimulation of ventricular cells. (1993)

We evaluated transmembrane potential changes at the ends of isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes during defibrillation-strength shocks given in the cellular refractory period. The myocytes were stimulated (S1 pulse) to produce an action potential. Then a constant-field shock (S2 pulse) with an electric field of 20 or 40 V/cm was given at an S1-S2 interval of 50 msec. The cells were stained with potentiometric dye (di-4-ANEPPS), and the cell end facing the S2 anode or cathode was illuminated with a laser while the fluorescence was recorded. During S2, the cell end facing the S2 cathode became more positive intracellularly, whereas the cell end facing the S2 anode became more negative intracellularly. The S2-induced transmembrane potential change at the cell end (delta Vm) was determined relative to the amplitude of the S1-induced action potential (APA) in each recording (i.e., delta Vm/APA). In Tyrode's solution containing 4.5 mM potassium, delta Vm/APA for 40-V/cm S2 was 1.36 +/- 0.34 at the cell end facing the S2 cathode and -1.65 +/- 0.61 at the cell end facing the S2 anode (n = 9). For the 20-V/cm S2, delta Vm/APA was 0.61 +/- 0.33 at the cell end facing the S2 cathode and -0.71 +/- 0.33 at the cell end facing the S2 anode (n = 6). The delta Vm/APA was not significantly influenced by 20 mM diacetyl monoxime. These results indicate that large delta Vm values occurred at the ends of the cells during S2. The calculated values of delta Vm, assuming a nominal APA of 130 mV, were 177 and -214 mV for the 40-V/cm S2 and 79 and -93 mV for the 20-V/cm S2. The delta Vm was correlated with cell size (r > or = 0.95) and agreed with values predicted by the S2 electric field strength multiplied by half of the cell length to within 27%. When the potassium concentration was increased to 20 mM, delta Vm/APA for 40 V/cm S2 increased 85% and 67% at the cell ends facing the S2 cathode and anode, respectively (n = 9, p < 0.005 versus 4.5 mM potassium), consistent with reduced APA. Thus, with normal or elevated extracellular potassium, transmembrane potential changes at the ends of cells during defibrillation-type stimulation are large enough to produce activation or recovery of voltage-dependent ion channels and may produce the effects responsible for defibrillation.
Morbidity and Mortality in the Surgical Treatment of Six Hundred Five Pediatric Patients With Isthmic or Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis (2010)

Pediatric isthmic and dysplastic spondylolisthesis are relatively uncommon disorders, representing only 2.4% of pediatric spine procedures in the present study. Even among experienced spine surgeons, surgical treatment of these spinal conditions is associated with a relatively high morbidity.
THE PREPARATION OF RADIOLABELED PORPHYRINS and THEIR USE IN STUDIES OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (1987)

Abstract The use of radiolabeled HpD and DHE has potential importance in studies of the mechanism of localisation of these compounds in tumours and their mode of action in promoting light‐mediated cell damage. A number of methods of preparation of radiolabelled HpD and its components have been investigated. In a novel approach, we have developed methods for producing l4 C‐ or 3 H‐labelled protoporphyrin from photosynthetic algae. In this way haematoporphyrin and HpD can be produced with much higher specific radioactivity than has hitherto been available. We are using this radiolabelled material in several studies relating to PDT. One application has been the precise determination of the molar absorption coefficient of DHE (and other components of HpD) based on the fact that its specific radioactivity per porphyrin unit must be identical to that of the porphyrin from which it was prepared.
Abstract 1005: Tamoxifen treatment induces the epigenetic changes in breast cancer stem cells (2019)

Abstract Purpose: Breast cancer is diagnosed in younger women population and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in India. Tamoxifen (TOM) is one of the most effective and widely used first-line endocrine therapy for ER+ breast cancer. However, breast cancer patients often develop TOM resistance and enhanced with caner stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes. These TOM-resistance (TR) breast cancer phenotypes are highly aggressive and they do not respond to most of the chemotherapies. It is therefore essential to understand the mechanism that resulted in the development of TR in breast cancer. The current study was designed to investigate the epigenetic changes associated mechanism that induces the development of hormone-resistance in breast CSCs. Experimental Procedure: In this study, we used ALDEFLOUR assay, flow cytometry, mammosphere culture, western blot, Chromatin-immunoprecipitation, and RT-PCR analyses. Results: Our study showed that breast CSC-like population possesses higher TR cancer cell phenotypes than non-CSCs. We generated MCF7-derived mammospheres (CSCs) utilizing MammoCult media. However, when treated with TOM (1µM)-we observed an increased number of mammospheres (CSCs) than vehicle control. We found a strong interplay between TR and epigenetic changes, in particular, the changes observed in histone demethylase, which is believed to be one of the crucial links that involved in the development of therapy resistance and enhanced CSC population. Furthermore, TR breast CSCs derived from MCF7 cells display an increased expression of the NOTCH-1 protein. Induced overexpression of NOTCH in MCF7 cells increased the number of mammosphere formation ability than control cells. Finally, overexpression of NOTCH-1 also led to transcriptional up-regulation of cyclin genes A, B, and D. Conclusion: We observed a crucial interplay between TR and breast CSCs. TR associated epigenetic alteration enhanced the expression of NOTCH1, which resulted in increased mitotic signals in the tumor cells including CSCs. Thus, these new phenotypes of breast CSCs with TR characteristics need more understanding for the development of effective combinatorial and adjuvant therapies. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Kanagarj Palaniyandi, Dhanavathy Gnasampandapandian, Ilangovan Ramachandran, Yuvaraj Sambandam, Parthasarathy Chandrakesan. Tamoxifen treatment induces the epigenetic changes in breast cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1005.