gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power limiting and self-focusing in nonlinearly absorbing liquid crystalline media (1985)

Picosecond optical limiting below 10 kW was observed in five isotropic phase-shift base liquid crystals (LCs) at 532 nm using 20-ps laser pulses. The limiting power in each was about the same as that in CS 2 (8 kW) at this wavelength. The nonlinear refractive index n 2 for the LCs was more than five times smaller than that of CS 2 , and the limiting originated mainly from two-photon absorption. Two-photon absorption coefficients ( β ) were measured for the LC samples at 532 nm. At 1064 nm no nonlinear absorption was observed and the values of n 2 for these samples were also measured at that wavelength. The well-known theory of self-focusing was extended to include two-photon absorption. This theory was used, together with the measured β and n 2 , to predict the power limiting performance of these materials. The theory also predicted a self-focusing effect arising from purely two-photon absorption which is at present under experimental investigation. The LCs used are similar in composition to the widely used MBBA (p-methoxy benzylidene p-n-butylanilene) but lack the oxygen atom and are isotropic at room temperature. These materials can be used in building fast nonlinear optical devices, in addition to the power limiter described here.
DNA vaccines based on genetically detoxified derivatives of pneumolysin fail to protect mice against challenge withStreptococcus pneumoniae (2006)

The 7-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine currently administered against Streptococcus pneumoniae has been shown to be highly effective in high risk-groups, but its use in developing countries will probably not be possible due to high costs. The use of conserved protein antigens using the genetic vaccination strategy is an interesting alternative for the development of a cost-effective vaccine. We have analyzed the potential of DNA vaccines expressing genetically detoxified derivatives of pneumolysin (pneumolysoids) against pneumococcal infections, and compared this with immunization using recombinant protein. The purified recombinant pneumolysoid with the highest residual cytolytic activity was able to confer partial protection against a lethal intraperitoneal challenge, with the induction of high antibody levels. Immunization with DNA vaccines expressing pneumolysoids, on the other hand, induced a significantly lower antibody response and no protection was observed.
Element-Specific Phonon Density of States of Iron in LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_{x} and La_{1-x}Ca_{x}FePO (2008)

We have measured element-specific Fe-phonon densities of states (Fe-PDOS) of LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_{x} (x = 0, 0.11) and La_{1-x}Ca_{x}FePO (x = 0.13) by using nuclear resonant inelastic scattering of synchrotron radiation. The Fe-PDOS of superconductor LaFeAsO_{0.89}F_{0.11} (Tc = 26 K) and that of non-superconductor LaFeAsO have similar structures to both below Tc (15 K) and above Tc (298 K) and, therefore, fluorine doping does not have notable effect on the Fe-PDOS. As for the superconductor La_{0.87}Ca_{0.13}FePO (Tc = 5.4K), the entire structure of Fe-PDOS resembles with that of LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_{x}, but the energy of the highest peak is higher than that of LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_{x}. These peaks are attributed to vibrational modes between Fe and pnicogen (As and P) and the temperature-dependent energy shifts are observed for LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_{x}. Observed Fe-PDOS of LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_{x} agrees well with an previously calculated Fe-PDOS spectrum with a first-principles calculation and shows the structural resemblance with an calculated Eliashberg function #alpha^2F(x) giving small electron-phonon coupling. Therefore, our results indicate that phonons are not the main contributors to the Tc superconductivity of LaFeAsO_{1-x}F_{x}. From the experimental viewpoint, comparison of our observed Fe-PDOS and an experimentally obtained bosonic glue spectrum will be an important clue as to whether phonons are the main contributors to superconductivity in iron-pnictide superconductors.
Evaluation of 5% Na<sub>2</sub>O-Incorporated Calcium Metaphosphate as a Scaffold for Tissue-Engineered Bone Regeneration (2006)

As a part of the effort to develop a suitable scaffold for tissue-engineered bone regeneration, we modified calcium metaphosphate (CMP) ceramic with Na20 and evaluated its efficiency as a scaffold. We incorporate 5% Na20 into pure CMP and prepare for an average pore size of 250 or 450 µm average pore sizes. The incorporation of 5% Na2O caused reduced compressive strength and there was no change in biodegradability. The in vitro cellular attachment and proliferation rate, however, were slightly improved. The 5% Na2O-incorporated macroporous CMP ceramic-cell constructs treated with Emdogain induced ectopic bone formation more effectively than those without Emdogain treatment. These results suggest that the incorporation of 5% Na2O into pure CMP is not effective for improving the physical characteristics of pure CMP but it is positive for improving the cellular reaction and osteogenic effect with the addition of Emdogain.
Figure S1 from EMP2 Is a Novel Regulator of Stemness in Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Modulation of EMP2 produces transcriptomic changes in breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
Multicenter Phase 2 Study of Oral azacitidine (CC-486) plus CHOP as initial treatment for peripheral T-cell lymphoma (2023)

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) with T-follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH) has recurrent mutations affecting epigenetic regulators, which may contribute to aberrant DNA methylation and chemoresistance. This phase 2 study evaluated oral azacitidine (CC-486) plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) as initial treatment for PTCL. CC-486 at 300 mg daily was administered for 7 days before C1 of CHOP, and for 14 days before CHOP C2-6. The primary end point was end-of-treatment complete response (CR). Secondary end points included safety and survival. Correlative studies assessed mutations, gene expression, and methylation in tumor samples. Grade 3 to 4 hematologic toxicities were mostly neutropenia (71%), with febrile neutropenia uncommon (14%). Nonhematologic toxicities included fatigue (14%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (5%). In 20 evaluable patients, CR was 75%, including 88.2% for PTCL-TFH (n = 17). The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 65.8% for all and 69.2% for PTCL-TFH, whereas 2-year overall survival (OS) was 68.4% for all and 76.1% for PTCL-TFH. The frequencies of the TET2, RHOA, DNMT3A, and IDH2 mutations were 76.5%, 41.1%, 23.5%, and 23.5%, respectively, with TET2 mutations significantly associated with CR (P = .007), favorable PFS (P = .004) and OS (P = .015), and DNMT3A mutations associated with adverse PFS (P = .016). CC-486 priming contributed to the reprograming of the tumor microenvironment by upregulation of genes related to apoptosis (P < .01) and inflammation (P < .01). DNA methylation did not show significant shift. This safe and active regimen is being further evaluated in the ALLIANCE randomized study A051902 in CD30-negative PTCL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03542266.
A CMOS photonics platform for high-speed optical interconnects (2012)

We review a technology platform that enables monolithic integration of optical and electronic circuits in a mainstream CMOS process and demonstrate a grating coupler with 0.75 dB insertion loss.
Blind Moment Estimation Techniques for I/Q Imbalance Compensation in Quadrature Receivers (2006)

When targeting receiver integrability and flexibility, the choice of the front-end architecture is in key position. Instead of the traditional superheterodyne architecture, more recent I/Q or quadrature receiver front-ends are receiving increasingly more interest. One crucial aspect in quadrature receiver front-ends is the amplitude and phase matching of the analog I and Q signal branches. I/Q mismatches result in incomplete image signal or mirror frequency attenuation which must be enhanced using additional analog or digital signal processing. This paper presents and analyzes a novel DSP-based blind (non-data-aided) technique for I/Q imbalance compensation, utilizing a property of the ideal baseband equivalent called circularity. The weights of the compensator are computed directly from the estimates of the second-order moments of the mismatched baseband equivalent received signal. This algorithm is further simplified, with minimal loss in performance, yielding an extraordinarily simple yet effective compensation technique which ideally triples the dB value of the analog front-end image rejection ratio. The algorithms are applicable to any I/Q receiver structure, whether single-channel or multi-channel, and are in fact totally independent of any specific structure or characteristic (other than circularity) of the ideal baseband equivalent signal
Adenovirus 5-Vectored P. falciparum Vaccine Expressing CSP and AMA1. Part A: Safety and Immunogenicity in Seronegative Adults (2011)

ClinicalTrials.govNCT00392015.
Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System for Automotive Ethernet: Detecting Cyber-Attacks with a Low-Cost Platform (2022)

Automotive Ethernet is being adopted in vehicles to provide the larger throughput that is required by autonomous vehicles. However, these vehicles may be subject to several cyber-attacks that compromise their operation and passengers&amp;apos; safety. This work proposes an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that detects stream injection attacks on automotive Ethernet networks. The proposed IDS is based on feature generation and the XGBoost machine learning algorithm. Experimental results show that our proposed IDS achieves 0.9805 of AUCROC and a detection time of 620µs that allows real-time intrusion detection while using an inexpensive hardware platform, such as a Raspberry Pi. This is extremely important as cost is one of the automotive industry&amp;apos;s main concerns.
Wideband Reduction of the Metal-Frame Blockage to mm-Wave Antennas (2021)

In this paper, a method to reduce the metal-frame obstruction to the radiation of endfire mm-wave arrays with wideband operation is presented. A 7 mm-wide frame is chosen to emulate the current commercial bezel thickness. Slots of three different sizes are etched on the frame to ensure the wideband endfire behavior. The proposed solution allows the mm-wave array to radiate through the metal frame from 27.27 GHz to 37.43 GHz, which corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 31.4 %. The presented design is compared with the free space mm-array and with the array with a normal unmodified frame. The results show that the proposed solution provides similar performance to the free space counterpart, while a 15 dBi gain improvement of the antenna array comparing to a normal frame is obtained. A good beam-steering performance can also be supported with the proposed slotted-frame structure of the mm-wave array.
Fiber on a chip: Nonlinear optics in silicon photonic wires (2006)

We provide a design and use of Si photonic-wire waveguides for on chip-nonlinear-waveguide pulse control functionality.
Single-wavelength transmitter for simultaneous 10Gb/s and 2.5Gb/s transmissions in passive optical networks (2014)

Dual-rate single-wavelength transmitter is proposed and demonstrated for passive optical networks, using lowpass-filtered 2.5Gb/s NRZ modulation and bandpass-filtered 10Gb/s delay modulation. Experimental results showed 37.5dB and 25.5dB power budget respectively for 2.5Gb/s and 10Gb/s transmissions over 20km fiber.
The lacI shuttle: rapid analysis of the mutagenic specificity of ultraviolet light in human cells. (1985)

A system has been devised that allows the effect of mutagens acting in human cells to be readily analyzed at the DNA sequence level. The bacterial gene lacI, carried on a shuttle vector, is introduced into human tissue culture cells by transfection and allowed to replicate in the cell nucleus. Twenty-four to 48 hr after transfection, the cells are exposed to a mutagen. After 1-2 days of further replication, vector DNA is purified and transfected back into Escherichia coli for scoring and analysis of mutations in lacI. The nucleotide sequence changes for 53 UV light-induced mutations have been deduced in this way. Most of the mutations are transitions and occur at pyrimidine-pyrimidine sequences. The mutagenic specificity observed closely resembles that of UV light in E. coli, suggesting that human and bacterial cells respond similarly to damage from UV light. Use of the lacI shuttle in this way should permit determination of the mutagenic specificity of a wide range of mutagens and carcinogens in human cells.
Hepatitis C: sexual or intrafamilial transmission? Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus in 24 infected couples Hepatite C: transmissão sexual ou intrafamiliar? Análise epidemiológica e filogenética do vírus da hepatite C em 24 casais infectados (2009)

ABSTRACT The role of sexual or intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C is controversial. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the non-structural region 5B of the hepatitis C virus (NS5B-HCV). High percentages of homology (mean of 98.3%) were shown between the couples. Twenty (83.3%) of the 24 men but only two of the women (8.3%) reported having had sexually transmitted diseases during their lives. The risk factors for HCV acquisition were blood transfusion (10 couples), use of illegal injected drugs (17), use of inhalants (15), acupuncture (5) and tattoos (5). The shared use of personal hygiene items included toothbrushes between six couples (25%), razor blades between 16 (66.7%), nail clippers between 21 (87.5%) and manicure pliers between 14 (58.3%). The high degree of similarity of the hepatitis C virus genome supports the hypothesis of hepatitis C virus transmission between these couples. The shared use of personal hygiene items suggests the possibility of intrafamilial transmission of infection
Data from Gambogic acid is an antagonist of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The natural product gambogic acid (GA) has been reported to have cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in culture and was identified as an active compound in a cell-based high-throughput screening assay for activators of caspases, proteases involved in apoptosis. Using the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, Bfl-1, as a target for screening of a library of natural products, we identified GA as a competitive inhibitor that displaced BH3 peptides from Bfl-1 in a fluorescence polarization assay. Analysis of competition for BH3 peptide binding revealed that GA inhibits all six human Bcl-2 family proteins to various extents, with Mcl-1 and Bcl-B the most potently inhibited [concentrations required for 50% inhibition (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;), &lt;1μmol/L]. Competition for BH3 peptide binding was also confirmed using a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. GA functionally inhibited the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins as shown by experiments using isolated mitochondria in which recombinant purified Bcl-2 family proteins suppress SMAC release &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, showing that GA neutralizes their suppressive effects on mitochondria in a concentration-dependent manner. GA killed tumor cell lines via an apoptotic mechanism, whereas analogues of GA with greatly reduced potency at BH3 peptide displacement showed little or no cytotoxic activity. However, GA retained cytotoxic activity against &lt;i&gt;bax&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;bak&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; cells in which antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins lack a cytoprotective phenotype, implying that GA also has additional targets that contribute to its cytotoxic mechanism. Altogether, the findings suggest that suppression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins may be among the cytotoxic mechanisms by which GA kills tumor cells. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(6):1639–46]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Efficient Plant Regeneration System from Leaf Explant Cultures of Daphne genkwa via Somatic Embryogenesis (2023)

This study aimed to establish an efficient plant regeneration system from leaf-derived embryogenic structure cultures of Daphne genkwa. To induce embryogenic structures, fully expanded leaf explants of D. genkwa were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mg·L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), respectively. After 8 weeks of incubation, the highest frequency of embryogenic structure formation reached 100% when the leaf explants were cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 to 1 mg·L−1 2,4-D. At higher concentrations of 2,4-D (over 2 mg·L−1 2,4-D), the frequency of embryogenic structure formation significantly declined. Similar to 2,4-D, indole butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatments were also able to form embryogenic structures. However, the frequency of embryogenic structure formation was lower than that of 2,4-D. In particular, the yellow embryonic structure (YES) and white embryonic structure (WES) were simultaneously developed from the leaf explants of D. genkwa on culture medium containing 2,4-D, IBA, and NAA, respectively. Embryogenic calluses (ECs) were formed from the YES after subsequent rounds of subculture on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg·L−1 2,4-D. To regenerate whole plants, the embryogenic callus (EC) and the two embryogenic structures (YES and WES) were transferred onto MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L−1 6-benzyl aminopurine (BA). The YES had the highest plant regeneration potential via somatic embryo and shoot development compared to the EC and WES. To our knowledge, this is the first successful report of a plant regeneration system via the somatic embryogenesis of D. genkwa. Thus, the embryogenic structures and plant regeneration system of D. genkwa could be applied to mass proliferation and genetic modification for pharmaceutical metabolite production in D. genkwa.
Model-based, analytical maximum-likelihood deconvolution for CZT detectors (2015)

An analytical response function is presented that is based on a perturbed Pearson-IV model for the peak shape and additional models for the first four moments of the distribution, mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis. The parametrisation of these moment models is acquired by using an evolutionary ensemble algorithm, delivering corresponding energy dependent functions for each of the moments. Using the relationship between the moments and the actual peak shape, this analytical equation is introduced into the Maximum-Likelihood inversion, delivering a formula for deconvolving spectra. Through the parametrisation, the technique can be tailored to any CZT detector. Without having to store a large response matrix, the analytical deconvolution can be easily deployed also on smaller devices, with less computational performance. The technique is validated on a Raspberry Pi connected to a muSPEC500 device from Ritec, featuring a 300mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> CZT crystal. Example measurements for cesium <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs, cobalt <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sup> Co, europium <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">152</sup> Eu and uranium <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">238</sup> U are deconvolved and show a significant capability of resolving peaks.
Verification of the James Webb Space Telescope coarse phase sensor using the Keck Telescope (2006)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Coarse Phase Sensor utilizes Dispersed Hartmann Sensing (DHS)<sup>1</sup> to measure the inter-segment piston errors of the primary mirror. The DHS technique was tested on the Keck Telescope. Two DHS optical components were built to mate with the Keck optical and mechanical interfaces. DHS images were acquired using 20 different primary mirror configurations. The mirror configurations consisted of random segment pistons applied to 18 of the 36 segments. The inter-segment piston errors ranged from phased (approximately 0 &#956;m) to as large as ±25 &#956;m. Two broadband exposures were taken for each primary mirror configuration: one for the DHS component situated at 0°, and one for the DHS component situated at 60°. Finally, a "closed-loop" DHS sensing and control experiment was performed. Sensing algorithms developed by both Adaptive Optics Associates (AOA) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)<sup>2</sup> were applied to the collected DHS images. The inter-segment piston errors determined by the AOA and JPL algorithms were compared to the actual piston steps. The data clearly demonstrates that the DHS works quite well as an estimator of segment-to-segment piston errors using stellar sources.
Extending post-silicon coverage measurement using time-multiplexed FPGA overlays (2018)

Test coverage has emerged as an essential metric for evaluating the effectiveness of both pre-silicon verification and post-silicon validation. Evaluating coverage post-silicon is difficult due to the lack of visibility into the internal operation of integrated circuits. Adding coverage monitors to a design consumes a significant amount of chip area. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are commonly deployed as a rapid prototyping platform to accelerate the validation of digital designs, and though they share same visibility challenges as post-silicon, recent work have proposed the use of overlays to improve debug effectiveness. In this paper, we describe how this emerging debug technology can be re-purposed to also implement coverage monitors in a time-multiplexed fashion to evaluate coverage at post-silicon.
Fluorous Phases and Compressed Carbon Dioxide as Alternative Solvents for Chemical Synthesis: A Comparison (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Visualization of lithium-ion transport and phase evolution within and between manganese oxide nanorods (2017)

Multiple lithium-ion transport pathways and local phase changes upon lithiation in silver hollandite are revealed via in situ microscopy including electron diffraction, imaging and spectroscopy, coupled with density functional theory and phase field calculations. We report unexpected inter-nanorod lithium-ion transport, where the reaction fronts and kinetics are maintained within the neighbouring nanorod. Notably, this is the first time-resolved visualization of lithium-ion transport within and between individual nanorods, where the impact of oxygen deficiencies is delineated. Initially, fast lithium-ion transport is observed along the long axis with small net volume change, resulting in two lithiated silver hollandite phases distinguishable by orthorhombic distortion. Subsequently, a slower reaction front is observed, with formation of polyphase lithiated silver hollandite and face-centred-cubic silver metal with substantial volume expansion. These results indicate lithium-ion transport is not confined within a single nanorod and may provide a paradigm shift for one-dimensional tunnelled materials, particularly towards achieving high-rate capability.