gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Author response: Directed differentiation of human iPSCs to functional ovarian granulosa-like cells via transcription factor overexpression (2022)

Ovaries are responsible for forming the eggs humans and other mammals need to reproduce. Once mature, the egg cell is released into the fallopian tube where it can be potentially fertilized by a sperm. Despite their crucial role, how eggs are made in the ovary is poorly understood. This is because ovaries are hard to access, making it difficult to conduct experiments on them. To overcome this, researchers have built artificial ovaries in the laboratory using stem cells from the embryos of mice which can develop into all cell types in the adult body. By culturing these embryonic stem cells under special conditions, researchers can convert them in to the two main cell types of the developing ovary: germ cells which go on to form eggs, and granulosa cells which help eggs grow and mature. The resulting lab-grown ovary can make eggs that produce live mice when fertilized. This approach has also been applied to human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), adult human cells which have been reprogrammed to a stem-like state. While this has produced human germ cells, generating human granulosa cells has been more challenging. Here, Pierson Smela, Kramme et al. show that activating a specific set of transcription factors (proteins that switch genes on or off) in iPSCs can make them transition to granulosa cells. First, the team tested random combinations of 35 transcription factors which, based on previous literature and genetic data, were likely to play a role in the formation of granulosa cells. This led to the identification of a small number of factors that caused the human iPSCs to develop features and carry out roles seen in mature granulosa cells; this includes producing an important reproductive hormone and supporting the maturation of germ cells. Pierson Smela, Kramme et al. found that growing these granulosa-like cells together with germ cells (also generated via iPSCs) resulted in structures similar to ovarian follicles which help eggs develop. These findings could help researchers build stable systems for studying how granulosa cells behave in human ovaries. This could lead to new insights about reproductive health.
RETRACTED: Pro-angiogenesis action of arsenic and its reversal by selenium-derived compounds (2006)

Inorganic arsenic (arsenite and arsenate) in drinking water has been associated with skin cancers and increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, studies have demonstrated the pro-angiogenic effect of arsenite and its potential promotion of tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. Furthermore, recent reports demonstrated reversal of skin co-carcinogenesis by an organoselenium compound. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect and mechanism on angiogenesis of arsenite at low level and its potential reversal by various selenium-derived compounds. The pro-angiogenesis effects and mechanisms of sodium arsenite were determined using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model over 3 days and compared with standard pro-angiogenesis factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF). Additionally, the potential effect of various selenium-derived compounds--such as dimethyl selenone, diphenyl selenone, sodium selenite or Se-methyl selenocysteine--in reversing the pro-angiogenesis effect of arsenite or b-FGF was also determined in the CAM model. The pro-angiogenesis effect of arsenite or b-FGF was significantly (P < 0.01) blocked by dimethyl selenone, diphenyl selenone, sodium selenite or Se-methyl selenocysteine. The pro-angiogenesis effect of either sodium arsenite at 33 nM or b-FGF was blocked (P < 0.01) by the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activation inhibitor, PD 98059. Additionally, the pro-angiogenic effect of arsenic or b-FGF was blocked as well (P < 0.01) by the alphavbeta3 antagonist, XT199. These data suggest that the pro-angiogenesis effect of arsenic is initiated at the plasma membrane integrin alphavbeta3, involves activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and is effectively reversed by various selenium-derived compounds.
Cherenkov radiation conversion and collection considerations for a gamma bang time/reaction history diagnostic for the NIF (2008)

Bang time and reaction history measurements are fundamental components of diagnosing inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions and will be essential contributors to diagnosing attempts at ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Fusion gammas provide a direct measure of fusion interaction rate without being compromised by Doppler spreading. Gamma-based gas Cherenkov detectors that convert fusion gamma rays to optical Cherenkov photons for collection by fast recording systems have been developed and fielded at Omega. These systems have established their usefulness in illuminating ICF physics in several experimental campaigns. Bang time precision better than 25 ps has been demonstrated, well below the 50 ps accuracy requirement defined by the NIF system design requirements. A comprehensive, validated numerical study of candidate systems is providing essential information needed to make a down selection based on optimization of sensitivity, bandwidth, dynamic range, cost, and NIF logistics. This paper presents basic design considerations arising from the two-step conversion process from gamma rays to relativistic electrons to UV/visible Cherenkov radiation.
A GHz Operating CMOS Compatible ScAlN Based SAW Resonator Used for Surface Acoustic Waves/Spin Waves Coupling (2022)

ScAlN/Si, a CMOS compatible material, was used to manufacture GHz operating surface acoustic wave devices, targeting manipulation and control of spin waves via SAW devices. A thin ScAlN piezoelectric layer was deposited on high resistivity (111) oriented Silicon and two port SAW devices were processed using advanced nanolithographic techniques. The Surface Acoustic Wave and Spin Wave coupling was performed via a thin magnetostrictive layer (Ni) placed between the SAWs interdigitated transducers. Both Rayleigh (4.67 GHz) and Sezawa (8.05 GHz) propagation modes could be observed. The amplitude of the S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> parameter around the two resonances was measured for values of the magnetic field <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{0}\text{H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from −280 to +280 mT, at different angles ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) between the SAW propagation direction and the magnetic field direction. A maximum decrease of 2.54 dB occurred in S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> for the Rayleigh mode at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{\textbf {0}}\text{H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = −90 mT, and of 7.24 dB for the Sezawa mode at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{0}\text{H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = −203 mT, both at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 45°. These values were extracted from time gated processing of the frequency domain raw data. Nonreciprocity associated to the coupling was analyzed for the two propagation modes.
Induction of Telomere Dysfunction Prolongs Disease Control of Therapy-Resistant Melanoma (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Telomerase promoter mutations are highly prevalent in human tumors including melanoma. A subset of patients with metastatic melanoma often fail multiple therapies, and there is an unmet and urgent need to prolong disease control for those patients.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Numerous preclinical therapy-resistant models of human and mouse melanoma were used to test the efficacy of a telomerase-directed nucleoside, 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG). Integrated transcriptomics and proteomics approaches were used to identify genes and proteins that were significantly downregulated by 6-thio-dG.<b>Results:</b> We demonstrated the superior efficacy of 6-thio-dG both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> that results in telomere dysfunction, leading to apoptosis and cell death in various preclinical models of therapy-resistant melanoma cells. 6-thio-dG concomitantly induces telomere dysfunction and inhibits the expression level of AXL.<b>Conclusions:</b> In summary, this study shows that indirectly targeting aberrant telomerase in melanoma cells with 6-thio-dG is a viable therapeutic approach in prolonging disease control and overcoming therapy resistance. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4771-84. ©2018 AACR</i> <i>See related commentary by Teh and Aplin, p. 4629</i>.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography in Vestibular Schwannoma (2017)

Introduction: Magnetic resonance elastography(MRE) is a MRI-based imaging sequence that uses mechanical waves to quantify the stiffness of tissue in kilopascal(kPa). More recently, a form of MRE has been developed called slip-interface imaging(SII) that uses octahedral shear-strain(OSS)to evaluate the surgical plane between extra-axial brain tumors and adjacent neural structures. The feasibility of MRE for evaluating the extent of resection and facial nerve outcomes in vestibular schwannoma (VS) has never been evaluated.
Enhanced Depth Navigation Through Augmented Reality Depth Mapping in Patients with Low Vision (2019)

Patients diagnosed with Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) show, in the advanced stage of the disease, severely restricted peripheral vision causing poor mobility and decline in quality of life. This vision loss causes difficulty identifying obstacles and their relative distances. Thus, RP patients use mobility aids such as canes to navigate, especially in dark environments. A number of high-tech visual aids using virtual reality (VR) and sensory substitution have been developed to support or supplant traditional visual aids. These have not achieved widespread use because they are difficult to use or block off residual vision. This paper presents a unique depth to high-contrast pseudocolor mapping overlay developed and tested on a Microsoft Hololens 1 as a low vision aid for RP patients. A single-masked and randomized trial of the AR pseudocolor low vision aid to evaluate real world mobility and near obstacle avoidance was conducted consisting of 10 RP subjects. An FDA-validated functional obstacle course and a custom-made grasping setup were used. The use of the AR visual aid reduced collisions by 50% in mobility testing (p = 0.02), and by 70% in grasp testing (p = 0.03). This paper introduces a new technique, the pseudocolor wireframe, and reports the first significant statistics showing improvements for the population of RP patients with mobility and grasp.
The rise in prescription drug abuse: raising awareness in the dental community. (2011)

Prescription drugs classified as controlled dangerous substances are essential therapeutic modalities in treating a variety of healthcare conditions; however, their pleasurable side effects can appeal to patients for uses other than their intent. As a result, unfortunate consequences of prescription drug use can arise. Misuse or abuse of prescription drugs can contribute to addictive behaviors, serious health risks, and potentially, death. It is imperative that the dental community remains educated and informed of nationwide healthcare trends, and prescription drug abuse is no exception. Ethically, dentists should be able to respond in a manner that addresses the best interests of their patients. To respond appropriately, dentists need to understand the terminology of prescription drug abuse; be able to identify and describe the drugs most often misused or abused; be able to identify individuals who may be at risk for prescription drug abuse; and be prepared to manage patients at risk in the dental setting.
Dehydration of Aromatic Heterocyclic Carboxamides to Aromatic Heterocyclic Carbonitriles (1997)

Phosphorus pentoxide is commonly used for the dehydration of heterocyclic carboxamides to the corresponding nitriles. In this report, the use of cyanuric chloride/N,N-disubstituted formamide for this reaction is described. The advantages of this procedure are mild reaction conditions and good yields. Depending on the reaction conditions and the structures of the amides, the nitriles are obtained in yields from 51% to 99%. Several of the oxazole carbonitriles synthesized by this procedure have not yet been described.
Six-Month Safety Data of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Zaire Ebola Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Vaccine in a Phase 3 Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Study in Healthy Adults (2017)

NCT02503202.
An Inductive Power Transfer System Design with Large Misalignment Tolerance for EV Charging (2018)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology is becoming more and more attractive for electric vehicle charging due to its safe, flexible and convenient features. The main drawback of IPT system is the large leakage inductance, especially when there is misalignment between the pads. The misalignment reduces coupling and reduces the overall efficiency. This paper proposes an IPT system with large misalignment tolerance which combines the characteristics of a new solenoidal-bipolar transformer and a parallel circuit topology for the secondary side. The system design and performance are simulated with a 3D finite element modeling (FEM) tool and experimentally verified on a 3kW prototype. A 350 mm misalignment tolerance range for either lateral or vertical direction is achieved with a 600 mm2transformer and a 200 mm air gap.
Learning to Regress 3D Face Shape and Expression from an Image without 3D Supervision (2019)

The estimation of 3D face shape from a single image must be robust to variations in lighting, head pose, expression, facial hair, makeup, and occlusions. Robustness requires a large training set of in-the-wild images, which by construction, lack ground truth 3D shape. To train a network without any 2D-to-3D supervision, we present RingNet, which learns to compute 3D face shape from a single image. Our key observation is that an individual's face shape is constant across images, regardless of expression, pose, lighting, etc. RingNet leverages multiple images of a person and automatically detected 2D face features. It uses a novel loss that encourages the face shape to be similar when the identity is the same and different for different people. We achieve invariance to expression by representing the face using the FLAME model. Once trained, our method takes a single image and outputs the parameters of FLAME, which can be readily animated. Additionally we create a new database of faces `not quite in-the-wild' (NoW) with 3D head scans and high-resolution images of the subjects in a wide variety of conditions. We evaluate publicly available methods and find that RingNet is more accurate than methods that use 3D supervision. The dataset, model, and results are available for research purposes at http://ringnet.is.tuebingen.mpg.de.
EFFECT OF AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG ON BRAIN ANGIOTENSIN II LEVELS IN RENAL AND SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1995)

1. Although numerous studies suggest that brain angiotensin (AII) may play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure, it is still unclear what factors may influence brain AII. In this study, we hypothesized that brain AII is influenced by circulating factors. To investigate the role of blood pressure and plasma AII in brain AII level, we studied the effect of an antihypertensive drug on brain AII in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. 2. Hydralazine (20 mg/kg per day) and vehicle (water) were given to 2K1C rats between 2 and 6 weeks after operation and SHR for 4 weeks. In addition, vehicle was applied to sham operated rats and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Brain and plasma AII was measured by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. 3. Hydralazine treatment effectively lowered blood pressure to the same level of sham-operated and WKY rats. 2K1C rats showed significantly higher plasma AII than sham rats, but hydralazine treatment did not show any change in plasma AII. Brain AII in the hypothalamus region of 2K1C rats showed a significantly higher level than sham rats. Interestingly, hydralazine treatment diminished this increase in brain AII. In contrast, SHR showed higher brain AII levels in the hypothalamus, brainstem and cerebellum than in WKY rats, whereas there was no significant change in plasma AII concentration between SHR and WKY rats. In contrast to the results found in 2K1C rat experiments, hydralazine treatment failed to decrease brain AII levels despite lowered blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multi-pixel photon counter module for MRI compatible application (2015)

A new detector for PET using multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs) was developed for MRI compatible applications. This module has an 8 × 8 MPPC array, each segment has a 3 mm × 3 mm active area, and the pitch of the array is 4.1 mm in both directions. A temperature sensor is attached to the back of the array for temperature compensation. The MPPC array is connected to the front-end circuit with a detachable flexible printed circuit cable (FPC), which provides flexibility for detector arrangement. The front-end circuit consists of preamplifiers, a register network, buffer amplifiers, a built-in high voltage (HV) unit, and an embedded microprocessor unit. The HV unit is a down-regulator and requires an external HV supply. The preamplifier also has a sum output, which can be used for timing pick-off and energy discrimination. With LYSOs, the timing performance was evaluated using flexible printed cables of two different lengths. Set in a copper shield box, energy spectra and flood images were evaluated with a 3T-MRI Very little interference was observed during simultaneous MRI measurements.
Systematic analysis of phosphor degradation under cathode-ray excitation. (1984)

The external radiant efficiency of phosphors generally decreases under prolonged cathode-ray (CR) excitation. This so-called degradation effect is of great technological importance because it limits the lifetime of CR displays. The deterioration mostly increases with increasing excitation density. Thus, for applications at high density, such as projection television tubes, degradation is expected to be a major selection criterion for the phosphor.
Detection of unstable periodic orbits in mineralising geological systems (2018)

Worldwide, mineral exploration is suffering from rising capital costs, due to the depletion of readily recoverable reserves and the need to discover and assess more inaccessible or geologically complex deposits. For gold exploration, this problem is particularly acute. We propose an innovative approach to mineral exploration and orebody characterisation, based on the analysis of geological core data as a spatial dynamical system, using the mathematical tools of dynamical system analysis. This approach is highly relevant for orogenic gold deposits, which-in contrast to systems formed at chemical equilibrium-exhibit many features of nonlinear dynamical systems, including episodic fluctuations on various length and time scales. Feedback relationships between thermo-chemical and deformation processes produce recurrent fluid temperatures and pressures and the deposition of vein-filling minerals such as pyrite and gold. We therefore relax the typical assumption of chemical equilibrium and analyse the underlying processes as aseismic, non-adiabatic, and inherent to a hydrothermal, nonlinear dynamical open-flow chemical reactor. These processes are approximated using the Gray-Scott model of reaction-diffusion as a complex toy system, which captures some of the features of the underlying mineralisation processes, including the spatiotemporal Turing patterns of unsteady chemical reactions. By use of this analysis, we demonstrate the capability of recurrence plots, recurrence power spectra, and recurrence time probabilities to detect underlying unstable periodic orbits as one sign of deterministic dynamics and their robustness for the analysis of data contaminated by noise. Recurrence plot based quantification is then applied to three mineral concentrations in the core data from the Sunrise Dam gold deposit in the Yilgarn region of Western Australia. Using a moving window, we reveal the episodic recurring low-dimensional dynamic structures and the period doubling route to instability with depth, embedded in and originating from higher-dimensional processes of the complex mineralisation system.
Securing SC-FDE Uplink Transmissions Using Temporal Artificial Noise under Three Detection Strategies (2018)

In this paper, we investigate the physical-layer security of single-input single-output uplink single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC- FDE). A legitimate transmitter, Alice, sends confidential data messages to a legitimate receiver, Bob, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper, Eve. To secure her transmissions, Alice adds a time-domain artificial noise (AN) signal into each transmission block. The AN precoder is designed carefully to degrade Eve's receiver performance without affecting Bob's receiver performance. We investigate the impact of the transmit power allocation between data and AN signals on the average secrecy rate. Moreover, we consider three detection strategies at both Bob and Eve; namely, the zero-forcing (ZF) detector, linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detector and maximum likelihood (ML) detector. We investigate the correlation properties of the temporal AN symbols and illustrate if/how each detection strategy can exploit this correlation to reduce the AN effect on Eve. Furthermore, we highlight the tradeoffs between the complexities and average secrecy rates of the three detection strategies and we derive a closed-form expression for the average secrecy rate at high input SNR under the worse-case scenario when Eve performs ML detection.
Neuroendocrine Stress Hormones Do Not Recreate the Postoperative Hypercoagulable State (1998)

Infusion of five stress hormones (epinephrine, cortisol, glucagon, vasopressin, and angiotensin II) to normal volunteers does not cause increases in procoagulant proteins and platelet reactivity or decreases in fibrinolytic proteins. Alternatively, these five hormones caused increased levels of fibrinolytic proteins (tissue plasminogen activator) and endogenous anticoagulants (protein C antigen and activity).
Backward Model for Multi-Primary Display Using Linear Interpolation on Equi-luminance Plane (2002)

Backward model for multi-primary display, which gives digital count in order to present a given color stimulus value XYZ on a screen, is proposed in this paper. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated with 6-primary display. Error in predicting XYZ of colors projected on a screen was 0.8 on average and 2.9 at maximum.