gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Figure 3 from SMAD4 Loss Is Associated with Cetuximab Resistance and Induction of MAPK/JNK Activation in Head and Neck Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Western blot confirming the knockdown of SMAD4 levels by stable expression of short-hairpin RNA in SCC25 cell line. (SC: scrambled control shRNA, SMAD4KD: shRNA against SMAD4). (B) Matrigel colony formation assay was performed for SCC25 cell line (controls and SMAD4 knock-downs) treated with PBS, 100nM or 1000nM cetuximab. (C) Western blot showing MAPK and JNK activity in SMAD4-depleted or control SCC25 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Ectopic bone formation in cell-seeded poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(butylene terephthalate) copolymer scaffolds of varying porosity (2007)

Scaffolds from poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(butylene terephthalate), PEOT/PBT, with a PEO molecular weight of 1,000 and a PEOT content of 70 weight% (1000PEOT70PBT30) were prepared by leaching salt particles (425-500 microm). Scaffolds of 73.5, 80.6 and 85.0% porosity were treated with a CO(2) gas plasma and seeded with rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). After in vitro culture for 7 days (d) in an osteogenic medium the scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted for 4 weeks in nude mice. Poly(D, L-lactide) (PDLLA) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds were included as references. After 4 weeks (wks) all scaffolds showed ectopic formation of bone and bone marrow. For the scaffolds of different porosities, no significant differences were observed in the relative amounts of bone (7-9%) and bone marrow (6-11%) formed, even though micro computed tomography (mu-CT) data showed considerable differences in accessible pore volume and surface area. 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds with a porosity of 85% could not maintain their original shape in vivo. Surprisingly, 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds with a porosity of 73.5% showed cartilage formation. This cartilage formation is most likely due to poorly accessible pores in the scaffolds, as was observed in histological sections. mu-CT data showed a considerably smaller accessible pore volume (as a fraction of the total volume) than in 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds of 80.6 and 85.0% porosity. BMSC seeded PDLLA (83.5% porosity) and BCP scaffolds (29% porosity) always showed considerably more bone and bone marrow formation (bone marrow formation is approximately 40%) and less fibrous tissue ingrowth than the 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds. The scaffold material itself can be of great influence. In more hydrophobic and rigid scaffolds like the PDLLA or BCP scaffolds, the accessibility of the pore structure is more likely to be preserved under the prevailing physiological conditions than in the case of hydrophilic 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds. Scaffolds prepared from other PEOT/PBT polymer compositions, might prove to be more suited.
Miniature Piezoelectric Shaker for Distribution of Unconsolidated Samples to Instrument Cells (2010)

The planned Mars Science Laboratory mission requires inlet funnels for channeling unconsolidated powdered samples from the sampling and sieving mechanisms into instrument test cells, which are required to reduce cross-contamination of the samples and to minimize residue left in the funnels after each sample transport. To these ends, a solid-state shaking mechanism has been created that requires low power and is lightweight, but is sturdy enough to survive launch vibration. The funnel mechanism is driven by asymmetrically mounted, piezoelectric flexure actuators that are out of the load path so that they do not support the funnel mass. Each actuator is a titanium, flextensional piezoelectric device driven by a piezoelectric stack. The stack has Invar endcaps with a half-spherical recess. The Invar is used to counteract the change in stress as the actuators are cooled to Mars ambient temperatures. A ball screw is threaded through the actuator frame into the recess to apply pre-stress, and to trap the piezoelectric stack and endcaps in flexure. During the vibration cycle of the flextensional actuator frame, the compression in the piezoelectric stack may decrease to the point that it is unstressed; however, because the ball joint cannot pull, tension in the piezoelectric stack cannot be produced. The actuators are offset at 120 . In this flight design, redundancy is required, so three actuators are used though only one is needed to assist in the movement. The funnel is supported at three contact points offset to the hexapod support contacts. The actuator surface that does not contact the ring is free to expand. Two other configurations can be used to mechanically tune the vibration. The free end can be designed to drive a fixed mass, or can be used to drive a free mass to excite impacts (see figure). Tests on this funnel mechanism show a high density of resonance modes between 1 and 20 kHz. A subset of these between 9 and 12 kHz was used to drive the CheMin actuators at 7 V peak to peak. These actuators could be driven by a single resonance, or swept through a frequency range to decrease the possibility that a portion of the funnel surface was not coincident with a nodal line (line of no displacement). The frequency of actuation can be electrically controlled and monitored and can also be mechanically tuned by the addition of tuning mass on the free end of the actuator. The devices are solid-state and can be designed with no macroscopically moving parts. This design has been tested in a vacuum at both Mars and Earth ambient temperatures ranging from 30 to 25 C
A Second-Order Sigma-Delta ADC using MOS Capacitors for Smart Sensor Applications (2004)

This paper presents a second-order sigma-delta ADC designed for use in a smart temperature sensor. It is operated in a 'one-shot' mode, i.e. the converter is powered up, produces a single conversion result, and powers down again. This paper discusses the implications of this mode of operation for the design of the modulator and the decimation filter. A sinc 2 decimation filter is used, which is shown to provide a higher resolution then a more complex sinc 3 with the same conversion time. Through continuous-time integration of the input and reference voltages, the use of a linear sampling capacitor at the input is avoided. The modulator was implemented in a 0.5pm digital CMOS process using MOS capacitors. An effective resolution of 15.5 bits was measured with a conversion time of 25ms.
Ionic conducting polybenzimidazoles (2006)

Depuis de nombreuse années, on promet à la pile à combustible un avenir radieux. Cependant, le développement de cette technologie se heurte toujours à des verrous technologiques. Parmi ceux-ci se trouve la membrane polymère conductrice protonique Nafion®, élément central de la pile. Ainsi, nous nous sommes attachés dans ce travail à étudier des polymères alternatifs, les polybenzimidazoles sulfonés (sPBI). Si les polybenzimidazoles (PBI) sont bien connus pour leur remarquable stabilité thermique et chimique, leur utilisation en pile à combustible nécessite leur fonctionnalisation par des groupements acide sulfoniques SO3H, afin de leur conférer une bonne conduction protonique. Ainsi, la synthèse de sPBI a été réalisée par polycondensation de monomères fonctionnalisés spécialement mis au point. Nous avons ainsi pu obtenir trois séries distinctes de sPBI, présentant des Capacités d'Echange Ionique allant de 0 à 4.3 meq/g. Toutes les structures de ces polymères ont été vérifiées par différentes techniques analytiques, et il a été montré que le protocole de synthèse retenu permettait d'obtenir des masses molaires supérieures à celle reportées jusque là dans la littérature. A partir de ces polymères, des membranes ont été préparées. Leurs propriétés relatives à une utilisation en pile à combustible ont été étudiées: stabilité thermique, stabilité en milieu aqueux oxydant, gonflement à l'eau et conductivité protonique. Ces études ont mis en lumière l'existence d'interactions entre les SO3H acides et les groupements benzimidazoles basiques de ces polymères, qui influencent fortement les propriétés de ces membranes. Par rapport à d'autres polymères contenant la même quantité de SO3H, les sPBI présentent ainsi une meilleure stabilité mais des gonflements à l'eau et des conductivités plus faibles. Il a fallu atteindre des taux de sulfonation extrêmement élevés pour pouvoir s'affranchir de ce problème et obtenir des membranes ayant les qualités requises
Spinally administered dynorphin A produces long-lasting allodynia: involvement of NMDA but not opioid receptors (1997)

The endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin A has non-opioid effects that can damage the spinal cord when given in high doses. Dynorphin has been shown to increase the receptive field size of spinal cord neurons and facilitate C-fiber-evoked reflexes. Furthermore, endogenous dynorphin levels increase following damage to the spinal cord, injury to peripheral nerves, or inflammation. In this study, sensory processing was characterized following a single, intrathecal injection of dynorphin A (1-17) in mice. A single intrathecal injection of dynorphin A (1-17) (3 nmol, i.t.) induced mechanical allodynia (hind paw, von Frey filaments) lasting 70 days, tactile allodynia (paint brush applied to flank) lasting 14 days, and cold allodynia (acetone applied to the dorsal hind paw) lasting 7 days. Similarly, dynorphin A (2-17) (3 nmol, i.t.), a non-opioid peptide, induced cold and tactile allodynia analogous to that induced by dynorphin A (1-17), indicating the importance of non-opioid receptors. Pretreatment with the NMDA antagonists, MK-801 and LY235959, but not the opioid antagonist, naloxone, blocked the induction of allodynia. Post-treatment with MK-801 only transiently blocked the dynorphin-induced allodynia, suggesting the NMDA receptors may be involved in the maintenance of allodynia as well as its induction. We have induced a long-lasting state of allodynia and hyperalgesia by a single intrathecal injection of dynorphin A (1-17) in mice. The allodynia induced by dynorphin required NMDA receptors rather than opioid receptors. This result is consistent with results in rats and with signs of clinically observed neuropathic pain. This effect of exogenously administered dynorphin raises the possibility that increased levels of endogenous dynorphins associated with spinal cord injuries may participate in the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain.
Modeling the auditory organization of speech: a summary and some comments (1998)

The preceding three chapters have been concerned with the issues arising as a result of the inconvenient fact that our ears are rarely presented with the sound of a single speaker in isolation, but more often with a combination of several speech and nonspeech sounds which may also have been further altered by the acoustic environment. Faced with such a mixture, the listener evidently needs to consider each source separately, and this process of information segregation is known as auditory organization or auditory scene analysis (Bregman, 1990). Pure curiosity as well as the possibility of applications in automatic signal interpretation drive us to investigate auditory scene analysis through psychological experiments and computational modeling. Having sketched this framework and the current limits to our understanding of the process of auditory organization, we can now examine the material of each of the three chapters in more detail, seeing how it fits into this framework and also where the framework may be inadequate. Following these discussions, we will conclude with some remarks suggested by the particular combination of results in this section.
Nanodelivery Systems for Nucleic Acid Therapeutics in Drug Resistant Tumors (2014)

Development of intrinsic and acquired drug resistance in cancer is a significant clinical challenge for effective therapeutic outcomes. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in solid tumors is especially difficult to overcome due to the many different factors that influence clinically manifested refractory disease. Genetic profiling of MDR tumors can provide for more specific control through RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. However, there are multiple barriers to effective in vivo delivery of functional nucleic acid constructs, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs or miRs). In this review, we have briefly described the principles and mechanisms based on the RNA interference phenomenon and the barriers to its successful clinical translation. The principles of active and passive tumor targeting using nanoparticles systems are also discussed. Furthermore, illustrative examples of miRNA, siRNA, and gene–drug combination delivery using nanoparticle systems that have shown promising potentials for the treatment of diseases such as MDR cancers are covered.
Secretion of Streptomyces tendae antifungal protein 1 by Lactococcus lactis (2005)

Lactococcus lactis, the model lactic acid bacterium, is a good candidate for heterologous protein production in both foodstuffs and the digestive tract. We attempted to produce Streptomyces tendae antifungal protein 1 (Afp1) in L. lactis with the objective of constructing a strain able to limit fungal growth. Since Afp1 activity requires disulfide bond (DSB) formation and since intracellular redox conditions are reportedly unfavorable for DSB formation in prokaryotes, Afp1 was produced as a secreted form. An inducible expression-secretion system was used to drive Afp1 secretion by L. lactis; Afp1 was fused or not with LEISSTCDA, a synthetic propeptide (LEISS) that has been described to be a secretion enhancer. Production of Afp1 alone was not achieved, but production of LEISS-Afp1 was confirmed by Western blot and immunodetection with anti-Afp1 antibodies. This protein (molecular mass: 9.8 kDa) is the smallest non-bacteriocin heterologous protein ever reported to be secreted in L. lactis via the Sec-dependent pathway. However, no anti-fungal activity was detected, even in concentrated samples of induced supernatant. This could be due to a too low secretion yield of Afp1 in L. lactis, to the absence of DSB formation, or to an improper DSB formation involving the additional cysteine residue included in LEISS propeptide. This raises questions about size limits, conformation problems, and protein secretion yields in L. lactis.
Ultrafast, Dual-Band Coherent Raman Spectroscopy without Ultrashort Pulses (2022)

Ultrafast coherent Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for label-free vibrational imaging of living cells, tracking of transient chemical kinetics, and flow cytometry and cell sorting. Unfortunately, virtually all methods of ultrafast coherent Raman spectroscopy can only acquire Raman spectra in the fingerprint (FP) region (200–1800 cm–1) or the high-frequency (HF) region (2800–3200 cm–1). While ultrafast coherent Raman spectroscopy covering both regions is achievable with ultrashort (<10 fs) pulses as an excitation light source, such a scheme lacks general applicability due to the difficulty of generating and handling ultrashort pulses, phototoxicity originating from their high peak power, and compromised sensitivity in both the FP and HF regions. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast (24,000 spectra/s), dual-band (200–1600 and 2800–3200 cm–1), highly sensitive coherent Raman spectroscopy without the need for ultrashort pulses. This is made possible by employing rapid-scan Fourier-transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering based on two passively synchronized mode-locked lasers. As different types of molecular structural information can be obtained in these two regions, the ability of our method to rapidly and sensitively acquire dual-band Raman spectra is expected to open a plethora of opportunities in industrial, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications.
On the combined effects of signal-to-noise ratio and room acoustics on speech intelligibility (1999)

Speech intelligibility in rooms is influenced by room acoustics effects and by the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the speech and ambient noise. Several measures such as useful-to-detrimental sound ratios and the speech transmission index predict the combined effects of both types of factors. These measures were evaluated relative to speech intelligibility test results obtained in simulated sound fields. The use of simulated sound fields made it possible to create the full range of combinations of room acoustics and S/N effects likely to be found in rooms for speech. The S/N aspect is shown to be much more important than room acoustics effects and new broadband useful-to-detrimental ratios were validated. Useful-to-detrimental ratios, speech transmission index measures, and values of the articulation loss for consonants were all reasonably accurate predictors of speech intelligibility. Further improvements to these combined measures are suggested.
A 0.02–4.5-GHz LN(T)A in 28-nm CMOS for 5G Exploiting Noise Reduction and Current Reuse (2020)

In this article, a new noise reduction/cancellation technique is proposed to improve noise figure (NF) of a broadband low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) for 5G receivers. The LNTA combines a common-gate (CG) stage for wideband input matching and a common-source (CS) stage for canceling the noise and distortion of the CG stage. Yet, another noise reduction is applied to reduce the channel thermal noise of the noise cancellation stage itself. The technique further exploits current reuse and increases transconductance of the CS transistor while keeping its power consumption low. Fabricated in 28-nm CMOS, the proposed LNTA is capable of driving an external 50-Ω load and achieves a NF of 2.09-3.2 dB and input return loss (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> ) better than -10 dB over the 3-dB bandwidth of 20 MHz-4.5 GHz while consuming 4.5 mW from a single 1-V power supply. The achieved gain (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> ) and IIP3 are 15.2 dB and -4.6 dBm, respectively.
Biotin alpha-end-functionalized gradient glycopolymers synthesized by RAFT copolymerization (2008)

International audience
Structural and thermal analysis of a MEMS angular gyroscope (2001)

This paper describes the structural and thermal modeling of a Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) z-axis angular gyroscope. The gyroscope consists of a oscillating proof mass supported by a suspension made up of six concentric interconnected rings rigidly attached to an anchored frame. The device is capable of measuring angular displacement through precession of the proof mass line of oscillation in the presence of rotation induced Coriolis force. Using a strain energy method, a closed form solution for the effective stiffness of the suspension system is developed, which is confirmed using finite element modeling. A comparative study of the suspension with a commonly used serpentine spring suspension demonstrates that the studied device is robust to thermal fluctuations and residual stresses. A parametric analysis is used to identify an appropriate micromachining technology suitable for the fabrication of the angular gyroscope.
Evaluating Planter Performance--Cotton Seed Placement Accuracy (2003)

Row crop planter performance was investigated in a field study. Specifically, tests wereconducted to quantify intra-row seed spacing variability, and to isolate its sources. A planter wasinstrumented to allow in-field measurement of seed drop timing at two locations in the seed tube. Inaddition, seed spacing in the furrow was measured by hand. Tests were conducted while operatingthe planter at ground speeds of 4.8 km/hr (3.0 mph), 7.2 km/hr (4.5 mph), and 9.7 km/hr (6.0 mph).Seed meter rotational speeds of 0.16, 0.23, and 0.31 rev/s were achieved using a hydraulic drive andcontroller. Both cotton and corn seeds were planted. Results given in this report are limited to thoseobtained while planting cotton seeds with a meter rotational speed of 0.16 rev/s. The planterevaluated performed well under those conditions. Quality of Feed Indices ranged from 76.2 to91.4%. Maximum standard deviation of normally sown seeds was 6.1 cm (2.4 in.). The largestcomponent of spacing variability was introduced above the upper-most seed sensor, possibly by theseed meter. As expected, variability increased as each seed traveled toward its final resting place,however increases were not dramatic. Variability increased with increasing ground speed, as wasalso expected. Complete results will be forthcoming after additional data analysis.
Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed C−S Coupling of Aryl Iodides and Thiols (2008)

A protocol for the copper-catalyzed aryl-sulfur bond formation between aryl iodides and thiophenols is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by a low amount (1-2.5 mol %) of readily available and ligand-free copper iodide salt. A variety of diaryl thioethers are synthesized under relatively mild reaction conditions with good chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance.
Nonequilibrium Rock-Salt-Type Pb-Doped SnSe with High Carrier Mobilities ≈ 300 cm2/(Vs) (2016)

We synthesized nonequilibrium cubic rock-salt (RS)-type (Sn,Pb)Se and investigated their optoelectronic properties with the expectation that the RS-type structure would exhibit better carrier transport properties than the equilibrium GeS-type layered crystal structure in SnSe because the RS-type structure has the three-dimensional network of (PbSe6) octahedra, while the GeS-type structure has the two-dimensional network of (SnSe3), leading to larger band dispersions and smaller carrier effective masses. To stabilize the nonequilibrium phase, epitaxial thin films were grown by a unique method, a reactive solid-phase epitaxy with a thin RS-type PbSe epitaxial template layer. Additionally, a rapid quenching process from 600 °C to room temperature was also effective for stabilizing the nonequilibrium RS-type (Sn,Pb)Se epitaxial films. We succeeded in controlling Pb concentration continuously from 0 to 100% in the (Sn,Pb)Se solid-solution films. The minimum Pb concentration to stabilize the RS-type SnSe was extended from the previously reported value of 63% to 50%. A band gap bowing effect was observed with the smallest estimated band gap of ∼0.14 eV for the RS-type (Sn0.35Pb0.65)Se. The GeS-type to RS-type structural change increased hole mobility drastically from 60 for SnSe to 290 cm2/(Vs) for 58% Pb-doped RS-type (Sn,Pb)Se film as expected. It was found that p-type to n-type conversion occurs by further higher Pb concentrations ≥61%, and the highest electron mobility of 340 cm2/(Vs) was observed.
Effect of Semiconductor Junction and Metal Gradient in Nanowall of Stratified Photocatalyst (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Augmenting a retail environment using steerable interactive displays (2003)

This paper describes a prototype retail environment in which information interactions occur in situ, within the actual space of the merchandise. By combining a steerable projected display and recognition of user gestures and actions, and user position tracking through peripheral cameras, we have developed several innovative interaction techniques designed to augment the reality of a retail store.