gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical Models of Multicore Fiber Crosstalk Including Time Delays (2012)

Statistical models for the accumulation of crosstalk in multicore fibers are extended to include time-varying signals and relative delays. Crosstalk is thus described as multiple delayed copies of the signal with uncorrelated phase. A simple model of an equalized channel suggests that independent degrees of freedom are required to cancel each of the many delayed copies, resulting in an unfavorable scaling of the equalizer complexity.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Long-term effects of chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate on knee osteoarthritis: the study on osteoarthritis progression prevention, a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (2009)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Long-term effects of chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate on knee osteoarthritis: the study on osteoarthritis progression prevention, a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
High-bandwidth polymer in-line fiber modulator (1997)

We are developing a traveling electro-optic modulator for analog microwave modulated fiber optic links used in radar applications. The modulator is a polymer in-line fiber device that has a rugged and low loss interface to single mode fibers and can be engineered to provide linear modulation over a large dynamic range. In the development of the modulator we take advantage of a variety properties available in polymers. The ability to deposit a conformal electro-optic thin film is used to fill the gaps between high-frequency co-planar electrodes and thus obtain a good overlap between the electric field produced by the the microwave electrodes and the fields in the optical fiber and the electro-optic waveguide. Reactive ion etching of the electro-optic polymer is used to trim the thickness of the polymer waveguide to obtain operation at a specific wavelength. The thermo-optic effect is used to fine tune the operation point of the modulator to obtain a large dynamic range. The geometry of the modulator permits operation close to the absorption peak of the electro-optic polymer and this provides the opportunity to take advantage of the resonant enhancement of the nonlinearity in the vicinity of an absorption band.
Identification of fucosylated Fetuin‐A as a potential biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma (2017)

Using glycomic and proteomic methods we identified a set of proteins that contain altered glycan in the sera of those with CCA. One of these proteins, fucosylated Fetuin-A may have value in the surveillance of people at risk for the development of cholangiocarcinoma.
In Vitro and In Vivo Responses of Advanced Prostate Tumors to PSMA ADC, an Auristatin-Conjugated Antibody to Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (2011)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane protein that is overexpressed manifold in prostate cancer and provides an attractive target for therapy. PSMA ADC is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that consists of a fully human anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody conjugated to monomethylauristatin E through a valine-citrulline linker. In this study, the antitumor activity of PSMA ADC was evaluated against a panel of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in a novel in vivo model of taxane-refractory human prostate cancer. In vitro cell killing was efficient for cells with abundant PSMA expression (>10(5) molecules/cell; IC(50) ≤ 0.022 nmol/L) and 1,000-fold less efficient for cells with undetectable PSMA (IC(50) > 30 nmol/L). Intermediate potency (IC(50) = 0.80 nmol/L) was observed for cells with approximately 10(4) molecules of PSMA per cell, indicating a threshold PSMA level for selective cell killing. Similar in vitro activity was observed against androgen-dependent and -independent cells that had abundant PSMA expression. In vitro activity of PSMA ADC was also dependent on internalization and proper N-glycosylation/folding of PSMA. In contrast, less potent and nonselective cytotoxic activity was observed for a control ADC, free monomethylauristatin E, and other microtubule inhibitors. PSMA ADC showed high in vivo activity in treating xenograft tumors that had progressed following an initial course of docetaxel therapy, including tumors that were large (>700 mm(3)) before treatment with PSMA ADC. This study defines determinants of antitumor activity of a novel ADC. The findings here support the clinical evaluation of this agent in advanced prostate cancer.
Hybrid approach of SPM and matrix-inversion to estimate current distribution of electromagnetic radiation source (2011)

A hybrid approach using the sampled pattern matching (SPM) method and matrix inversion is utilized to estimate current distribution of electromagnetic radiation sources with multi-mode current distribution. The current distribution of a loop antenna is detected as an example. The capability of the hybrid method in handling practical problems is demonstrated by estimating the amplitude and phase of electric current sources.
Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of super high birefringence isothiocyanato bistolane liquid crystals (2007)

Four series of high birefringence bistolane liquid crystals containing isothiocyanato termal groups were synthesized and characterized. As well as the phenyl group, both biphenyl and naphthyl moieties were introduced to enhance the birefringence. These bistolane compounds exhibit reasonably low melting points and high birefringence of 0.5–0.8. A eutectic mixture was formulated from these compounds exhibiting a wide nematic range, high figure‐of‐merit and low viscosity.
High-order mode waveguide amplifier with high mode extinction ratio written in an Er3+-doped phosphate glass (2023)

Inscription of fiber-compatible active waveguides in high-gain glass, followed by direct interconnection with few-mode fibers, is one of the most promising solutions for all-optical mode-division multiplexing. In this work, based on the femtosecond laser writing technique, we propose a general fabrication scheme for inscribing high-order mode waveguides in glass, by carefully tailoring the cross-section of the waveguides to match the mode intensity distribution via an improved multi-scan approach. Specifically, we design and fabricate two kinds of waveguides, namely, LP<sub>01</sub>-mode waveguide and LP<sub>11</sub>-mode waveguide in a highly Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped phosphate glass, enabling the insertion loss of the waveguides to be as low as 1.88 dB, and the mode extraction factor of the LP<sub>11</sub>-mode waveguide up to ∼24 dB. Importantly, we have successfully achieved optical amplification of the waveguides, with an on-off gain as high as 3.52 dB. This novel high-order mode waveguide amplifier has broad application prospects in monolithic on-chip integrated photonic light sources and optical interconnection with few-mode fiber and/or silicon-based waveguide.
Carbocyclic analogues of penicllin (1982)

The synthesis of the title systems is described by cycloaddition of dimethylketen to cyclopentadiene, addition of hypobromous acid to the product and use of a nitrile-mediated rearrangement to give 4-cyano-6-exo-benzyloxy-3,3-dimethylbicylo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one(5b) and its dervatives by further modification.
Negative refraction of Lamb modes: A theoretical study (2018)

This paper provides a theoretical investigation of negative refraction and focusing of elastic guided waves in a freestanding plate with a steplike thickness change. Under certain conditions, a positive phase velocity (forward) Lamb mode can be converted into a negative phase velocity (backward) mode at such interface, giving rise to negative refraction. A semianalytical model is developed to study the influence of various parameters such as the material Poisson's coefficient, the steplike thickness, the frequency, and the incidence angle. To this end, all the Lamb and shear horizontal propagating modes and also a large number of their inhomogeneous and evanescent counterparts are taken into account. The boundary conditions applied to the stress-displacement fields at the thickness step yields an equation system. Its inversion provides the transmission and reflection coefficients between each mode at the interface. The steplike thickness and Poisson's ratio are shown to be key parameters to optimize the negative refraction process. In terms of material, Duralumin is found to be optimal as it leads to a nearly perfect conversion between forward and backward modes over broad frequency and angular ranges. An excellent focusing ability is thus predicted for a flat lens made of two symmetric thickness steps. A laser ultrasonic experiment quantitatively confirms those theoretical predictions. This study paves the way toward the optimization of elastic devices based on negative refraction, in particular for cloaking or superfocusing purposes.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FRAGMENTS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE AND ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (1966)

Specific turbidities, densities, and refractive indices of fragments of plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma have been measured. A spherical shell model of specified dimensions and refractive index was established for PM fragments. The ionic composition of the dispersion medium was varied systematically. Increases in Gamma/2 caused increases in the turbidity of both PM and ER suspensions, the greatest effects being observed with Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). In the case of PM this effect is attributable mainly to aggregation, whereas "structural" changes account for most of the turbidity increase with ER. The pH was also varied systematically to obtain pH- density and turbidity profiles and to establish the isoelectric pH of the two membrane types (PM-3.6; ER-4.35). Turbidity was maximum at "isoelectric" pH, which corresponds in each case to the region of minimum charge on the particle surfaces. Both PM and ER show large increases of density at the "isoelectric" pH, but only ER shows substantial structurally based turbidity increase under these conditions. Both PM and ER show operation of electrostatic attractions near "isoelectric" pH. PM has been shown to have ionically distinctive inner and outer surfaces while ER shows no such dissymmetry. The necessary theoretical background for interpretation of turbidity and density measurements is included, as well as a discussion of the limitations of our conclusions and the biological importance of our results.
Transversely Coupled Resonator Filters Utilizing Reflection of Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu Wave at Free Edges of Substrate (2000)

Smaller-sized and lower insertion loss surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters are urgently required for mobile telecommunications. We describe here that miniature, low-loss transversely coupled resonator filters without reflector electrodes could be realized and commercialized by utilizing the edge reflection of a Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu (BGS) wave for the first time. The transversely coupled resonator filter has a narrower bandwidth than a longitudinally coupled one. A small, low-loss resonator filter for a first intermediate-frequency stage (first IF) of a spread spectrum (SS) codeless telephone system could be realized using a piezoelectric ceramic substrate with a coupling factor ( k ) of 0.20 and the transversely coupled resonator filter consisting of single finger electrodes. A filter for the first IF of the global system for mobile communication (GSM) requires a narrower bandwidth than SS codeless telephone, but a suitable substrate with a small coupling factor is not available. However, we could realize the small transversely coupled filter for GSM using split finger electrodes.
Molecular origin of blood-based infrared fingerprints (2021)

Previous studies demonstrated that infrared absorption spectra of blood sera may help disease detection. For clinical translation of this approach, it is important to determine the molecular origin of disease-related spectral perturbations. To that end, we supplemented infrared spectroscopy with biochemical fractionation and proteomic profiling, which provide detailed information about blood serum composition. We built a model to describe serum absorption based on the concentrations of the highly-abundant proteins and applied this framework to lung cancer detection. We find that it is the levels of acute-phase proteins that change most in the presence of the disease and generate its infrared signature. These findings inform future clinical trials and establish a framework that could be applied to probing of any disease.
Transportation of transplantable cell sheets fabricated with temperature-responsive culture surfaces for regenerative medicine (2008)

Here we report transportation of cell sheets fabricated on temperature-responsive culture surfaces for regenerative medicine. On the surfaces cells adhere, spread and proliferate at 37 degrees C, but upon temperature reduction below 32 degrees C all the cells are spontaneously detached. When cells on the surfaces are challenged by long distance transportation, maintaining the temperature is critical. Therefore, we developed a portable homothermal container to keep the inner temperature at 36 degrees C for > 30 h without any need for batteries or energy supply. We transported and compared fibroblast sheets cultured on temperature-responsive surfaces in the container, at room temperature in a car, or on ice. After 8 h transportation by car, all cells at room temperature and on ice were detached from the surfaces and some were folded and broken into tiny pieces. On the other hand, fibroblast sheets transported in the container retained their adhesion to the dish surfaces and intact cell sheets were successfully harvested by temperature reduction. During the transportation, cell viability and histology were not impaired. This unique transportation device would be useful for cell sheet-based regenerative medicine utilizing temperature-responsive culture surfaces.
An Analytical Investigation of Whiplash Injury Risk Related to Head Restraint Position (1999)

Abstract Although no consensus currently exists on the mechanisms and tolerances of whiplash injuries, it is generally accepted that head restraint position plays an important role in determining injury risk. This study explores the effects of head restraint position on whiplash injury risk by analyzing a series of rear impact simulations. Head restraint height and backset are varied over a wide range of values and a number of engineering parameters believed to be related to whiplash injury risk are examined. Results indicate that relative motion between the head and torso is strongly related to head restraint position and relative stiffness of the head restraint and seat back. Whiplash injury risk is believed to be related to this relative motion.
A novel technique to measure active tendon forces: application to the subscapularis tendon (2004)

This paper describes the design and use of a novel system for quantification of active tendon forces. An arthroscopically implantable force probe (AIFP) was inserted arthroscopically into the subscapularis tendon of the shoulder in vivo. The output response of this device was calibrated in situ with known forces applied to the tendon using an arthroscopic technique. On recovery of motor control following interscalene regional anaesthesia, the force within the tendon during active muscle contraction was measured. The AIFP was then retrieved through an arthroscopic portal. The technique showed that the subscapularis may produce forces of 250 N during maximum internal rotation of the shoulder.
Strangers to ourselves (2018)

This chapter discusses two visits to Kosovo by two members of the Tavistock Clinic staff, for the purpose of chairing the final assessment presentations of students on a programme of Psycho–Social Trauma Counselling and offering some teaching on the programme. It describes the shared and different experiences, and considers in particular the position of the visiting “expert” working with an indigenous student population from a country itself recently traumatized by war. Many of these students had themselves been refugees during the war, and were training in order to provide a basic capacity to respond to the trauma of both “returnees” and those who had stayed behind. The psycho–social function of the system of relationships which constitutes the training structure is to act as a well bounded “ego” capable of accepting, processing and making at least some sense of these primitive emotional processes.
MASTL is enriched in cancerous and pluripotent stem cells and influences OCT1/OCT4 levels (2022)

MASTL is a mitotic accelerator with an emerging role in breast cancer progression. However, the mechanisms behind its oncogenicity remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a previously unknown role and eminent expression of MASTL in stem cells. MASTL staining from a large breast cancer patient cohort indicated a significant association with β3 integrin, an established mediator of breast cancer stemness. MASTL silencing reduced OCT4 levels in human pluripotent stem cells and OCT1 in breast cancer cells. Analysis of the cell-surface proteome indicated a strong link between MASTL and the regulation of TGF-β receptor II (TGFBR2), a key modulator of TGF-β signaling. Overexpression of wild-type and kinase-dead MASTL in normal mammary epithelial cells elevated TGFBR2 levels. Conversely, MASTL depletion in breast cancer cells attenuated TGFBR2 levels and downstream signaling through SMAD3 and AKT pathways. Taken together, these results indicate that MASTL supports stemness regulators in pluripotent and cancerous stem cells.
Designing software for unfamiliar domains (2009)

In recent years, software has become indispensable in complex domains such as science, engineering, biomedicine, and finance. Unfortunately, software developers and user researchers, who are usually experts in programming and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) methods, respectively, often find that the insight needed to design for complex domains only comes with years of domain experience. How can everyone on a software design team acquire just enough knowledge to design effective software, especially user interfaces, without having to become domain experts? We are performing a series of studies to investigate this question, with the ultimate goal of designing tools to help software teams better capture, manage and explore domain knowledge.
Neural-like computing with populations of superparamagnetic basis functions (2018)

In neuroscience, population coding theory demonstrates that neural assemblies can achieve fault-tolerant information processing. Mapped to nanoelectronics, this strategy could allow for reliable computing with scaled-down, noisy, imperfect devices. Doing so requires that the population components form a set of basis functions in terms of their response functions to inputs, offering a physical substrate for computing. Such a population can be implemented with CMOS technology, but the corresponding circuits have high area or energy requirements. Here, we show that nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions can instead be assembled to meet these requirements. We demonstrate experimentally that a population of nine junctions can implement a basis set of functions, providing the data to achieve, for example, the generation of cursive letters. We design hybrid magnetic-CMOS systems based on interlinked populations of junctions and show that they can learn to realize non-linear variability-resilient transformations with a low imprint area and low power.
Urine Galactomannan-to-Creatinine Ratio for Detection of Invasive Aspergillosis in Patients with Hematological Malignancies (2015)

Galactomannan (GM) testing of urine specimens may provide important advantages, compared to serum testing, such as easy noninvasive sample collection. We evaluated a total of 632 serial urine samples from 71 patients with underlying hematological malignancies and found that the urine GM/creatinine ratio, i.e., (urine GM level × 100)/urine creatinine level, which takes urine dilution into account, reliably detected invasive aspergillosis and may be a promising diagnostic tool for patients with hematological malignancies. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01576653.).
Scaling NFSv4 with parallel file systems (2005)

Large grid installations require global access to massive data stores. Parallel file systems give high throughput within a LAN, but cross-site data transfers lack seamless integration, security, and performance. The GridNFS project, aims to provide scalable, transparent, and secure data management as well as a scalable and agile name space. A key challenge in exporting a parallel file system with NFSv4 is to provide high performance without sacrificing consistency. This paper introduces extensions to the NFSv4 protocol to support parallel access. We implemented a prototype of our design and present experiments demonstrating its scalable architecture.
A general imaging model and a method for finding its parameters (2002)

Linear perspective projection has served as the dominant imaging model in computer vision. Recent developments in image sensing make the perspective model highly restrictive. This paper presents a general imaging model that can be used to represent an arbitrary imaging system. It is observed that all imaging systems perform a mapping from incoming scene rays to photo-sensitive elements on the image detector. This mapping can be conveniently described using a set of virtual sensing elements called raxels. Raxels include geometric, radiometric and optical properties. We present a novel calibration method that uses structured light patterns to extract the raxel parameters of an arbitrary imaging system. Experimental results for perspective as well as ion-perspective imaging systems are included.
Metal Temperature Map Determination of a Serviced Gas Turbine Bucket and Comparison With FEM Temperature Distribution (2006)

Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in manufacturing of several important components of aeronautics and land based gas turbines. The good high temperature resistance of these materials is due to their particular microstructure consisting of a FCC lattice nickel matrix, called γ, strengthened by precipitation of a coherent second phase Ni3(Ti,Al) known as γ′. During service at very high temperatures, γ′ precipitates tend to lose their initial configuration and change their size, shape and distribution, so decreasing material properties, in particular creep resistance. In this work the evolution of microstructure in a serviced first stage bucket from a GE machine has been examined. Several cross sections taken at different heights along the airfoil have been observed by SEM, obtaining a detailed map of the microstructure in the component. A quantitative evaluation of service temperature in the different areas has then been achieved by γ′ precipitates size determination by means of image analysis, combined with a γ′ coarsening model optimized for the particular alloy in use. Temperature values so obtained have been compared with those resulting from the finite element method (FEM) temperature distribution performed during design stage.
FGF2 primes periosteal cells for endochondral ossification via maintenance of skeletal precursors and modulation of BMP signaling (2013)

status: Published