gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of Combustion Characteristics by Using Ethanol Water Solution (2018)

In recent years, ethanol has attracted attention as an environmentally friendly substitute fuel because of exhaustion of petroleum resources and environmental issues. Previous studies have revealed that it is possible to perform continuous combustion at a wide range of air ratio for low concentration ethanol, by atomizing and burning an ethanol water solution using a swirl burner. It is also clear that low NOx can be realized even in experiments in which the fuel flow rate is constant regardless of the fuel concentration. In this study, we examined the influence of the supplied fuel flow rate on exhaust gas temperature and exhaust components (especially CO emissions) of the swirl burner. The exhaust gas temperature is measured in combustion chamber and exhaust pipe by using K type thermocouples. The main conclusions are as follows:1) Under the high air ratio condition, the flame length decreases with increasing the fuel flow rate. 2) Under the condition of E60 at λ=1, CO emissions decrease as the fuel flow rate increases. 3) CO emissions increase with increasing the fuel flow rate at any ethanol concentration. 4) Exhaust gas temperature monotonically decreases with increasing the air ratios at any fuel flow rate.
Dynamic magnetomechanical properties of [112]-oriented Terfenol-D/epoxy 1–3 magnetostrictive particulate composites (2003)

The dynamic magnetomechanical properties of a Terfenol-D/epoxy 1–3 magnetostrictive particulate composite fabricated using 49% volume fraction of needle-shaped, [112]-oriented Terfenol-D particles were investigated as a function of magnetic bias field (HBias). A nonoriented composite with 51% volume fraction of irregular-shaped, ball-milled Terfenol-D particles was also prepared and characterized for comparison. It was found that the composites exhibit a similar qualitative trend in dynamic strain coefficient (d33) and dynamic susceptibility (χ33) with the oriented type possessing much higher values than the nonoriented type for all HBias. Data for the ratio d33/χ33 indicated that these increments in d33 and χ33 in the oriented composite are mainly attributed to [112] particulate crystallographic orientation.
Qd0 SIMULATION OF FAULTS INCLUDING DELTA-WYE TRANSFORMERS (1979)

ABSTRACT Techniques are described for simulating a line-to-ground fault with a delta-grounded-wye transformer between the machine and the fault and using single-pole switching to clear the fault. Set forth in detail is the analytical technique for simulating such a fault in an all-qd0 simulation. This technique eliminates the necessity of inductance matrix inversion, allows a variable step integration algorithm to be used for second swing stability analysis, and yields a computationally faster solution than a phase variable solution.
Controlled radical polymerization in the presence of b-phosphonylated nitroxide - kinetics, mechanism and macromolecular architectures (2003)

Using a newly designed N-tert-butyl-1-diethylphosphono-2,2- dimethylpropyl nitroxide (DEPN), controlled radical polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate, could be achieved. The rate constant of reversible deactivation of growing radicals by DEPN and the rate of dissociation of the alkoxyamine formed were determined. Miscellaneous macromolecular architectures, including block copolymers, stars and star block copolymers, were derived by this chemistry.
Deposition of Ba1−xSrxTiO3 and SrTiO3 via liquid source CVD (LSCVD) for ULSI DRAMS (1994)

Abstract In 1991 we demonstrated the use of a deposition machine that injected liquid sol-gel material into a vacuum chamber at room temperature for the production of high quality lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films. This year we have modified the machine to produce strontium titanate and barium strontium titanate films of sufficient quality for DRAM applications.
Adaptive Suppression of High-Frequency Wide-Spectrum Vibrations With Application to Disk Drive Systems (2014)

In the big-data era, requirements for storage capacity and access speed in modern Hard Disk Drive (HDD) systems are becoming more and more stringent. As the track density of HDDs increases, vibration suppression of the recording arm in HDDs is becoming more challenging. Vibrations in modern HDDs are environment/product-dependent with different frequency characteristics. Furthermore, they can occur at very high frequencies with wide spectral peaks. This paper presents an adaptive algorithm to identify and suppress these high-frequency wide-spectrum vibrations. We design a vibration-compensation controller based on an adaptive disturbance observer (DOB), and devise parameter adaptation algorithms not only for the vibration frequencies but also for the spectral peak widths of the vibration. The peak-width parameters are adaptively tuned online to maximally attenuate the vibration with minimal error amplifications at other frequencies. The proposed algorithm is verified by simulations of HDDs for the problem of suppressing high-frequency wide-spectrum vibrations.
Meloidogyne minor Reëel gevaar voor golfbanen (2006)

Slechte grasgroei met gele vlekken door aaltjes, ofwel nematoden, komt voor in Engeland. We schreven er eerder over in het juninummer dit jaar. Uit recent onderzoek blijkt dat het aaltje Meloidogyne minor al in twee grote gebieden in Nederland voorkomt. Is dit een mogelijk bedreiging voor onze golfbanen?
2-D vector quantized behavioral model for wireless transmitters’ nonlinearity and memory effects modeling (2008)

This paper presents a two-dimensional lookup table model suitable for nonlinearity modeling in wireless transmitters exhibiting memory effects. The model is directly derived from the raw measured input and output waveforms of the device under test without additional intermediate signal processing. The model is validated on a 3G LDMOS based power amplifier driven by multi-carrier WCDMA signal. In the proposed model, the major limitation of table based models that is related to the length of the waveform used for the identification is alleviated by the use of an interpolation algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphoniosilylation: An Efficient and Practical Method for the β‐Functionalization of Enones. (1987)

Abstract Phosphoniosilylation of the enones (I) using the triflate (II) and triphenylphosphine (III) yields the phosphonium salts (IV) which produce the silyldienolethers (VI) as a result of Wittig reaction with the aldehydes (V).
SYNTHESIS OF α-AMINOALDEHYDES AND α-AMINOKETONES. A REVIEW (1990)

(1990). SYNTHESIS OF α-AMINOALDEHYDES AND α-AMINOKETONES. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 399-484.
Hot Tearing Susceptibility and Fluidity of Semi-Solid Gravity Cast Al-Cu Alloy (2006)

Aluminum-copper alloys offer both high strength and excellent ductility suitable for a number of automotive applications to reduce vehicle weight; however, the alloys are difficult to cast because of their tendency for hot tearing. In this work, semi-solid gravity casting of an aluminum-copper alloy, B206, was conducted in constrained rod casting molds to study the feasibility of using the process to reduce or eliminate hot tearing. To demonstrate the feasibility of gravity casting of the metal slurries, a fluidity test was also conducted. Results show that the hot tearing susceptibility of the aluminum-copper B206 alloy cast in semi-solid state is lower than those cast in liquid state with high superheat temperatures. The grain size of the semi-solid cast Al-Cu samples appears to be finer than those cast in liquid state with high superheat temperatures. In addition, the metal slurries had sufficient fluidity to fill the molds even with low gravity pressures. The results suggest that semi-solid gravity casting is a feasible process to help reduce hot tearing.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of the Oxadecalin Core of Phomactin A via a Highly Stereoselective Diels—Alder Reaction. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Resolution Resistivity Mapping of Subsurface Controls on Acid Rock Drainage at an Active Mine Site (2009)

Two dimensional and quasi- three dimensional high resolution resistivity (HRR) imaging of a&lt;br&gt;refractory ore stockpile area at an active mine identified several distinct electrically conductive features.&lt;br&gt;A residual potential mapping (RPM) survey delineated the possible flow pathway between two known&lt;br&gt;acid rock drainage (ARD) seeps.
Challenges and evolution of optical transport networks (2010)

We discuss the evolution of interface rates and transport capacities in optical networks in view of the observed network traffic growth. Based on consistent historic scaling trends, we anticipate increasingly parallel interfaces and spatially multiplexed optical transport systems.
Photonic crystal biodetection using a portable smartphone system (2013)

A smartphone augmented with an optical cradle is demonstrated as a handheld detection instrument for measuring modulation of the resonant wavelength of a photonic crystal biosensor with .009 nm accuracy for point-of-use biomolecular assay applications.
Preferred greyscale versions of coloured images: Human vs machine (2010)

Each year millions of greyscale reproductions of colour images are made. The majority of these are produced by removing the chromatic information, which leaves a greyscale made by just the achromatic colour variable. One problem with this approach is how to make a greyscales for images that contain equilumiant edges and/or borders in a way that preserves the image content In our experiment we evaluated some of the more recent algorithmic attempts to tackle the colour-to-greyscale problem, and compared the performance of these methods against greyscale images created manually by human observers. We used an image preference experiment where 10 participants carried out pair-wise comparisons of greyscales produced by 5 different mathematical algorithms and 1 human. Overall, we employed 10 different test images with varying amounts of equiluminant detail, and included images with different levels of content complexity (ranging from outdoor scenes to pie charts). We find that two algorithms significantly outperform the other computational techniques (including luminance), and that these algorithms both attempt to preserve local colour contrast in the greyscale algorithms. Furthermore, we find that neither of these techniques is significantly preferred over human greyscales. Finally, the interactions between images and algorithm are strong, indicating that image content is important in deciding which is the best greyscale version. These results support the motivation for this research area: there are better ways to convert colour to greyscale than simply using luminance and that images created by human observers are comparable to those produced by algorithms.
Late Relapse of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD7 to HD12 Trials (2017)

Purpose Clinical characteristics, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis of late relapse (LR) in patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive analysis of LR of Hodgkin lymphoma (LR-HL). Methods To estimate the incidence of LR-HL, we retrospectively analyzed 6,840 patients with cHL included in the German Hodgkin Study Group trials HD7 to HD12. Patients who experienced a relapse > 5 years into remission were compared with patients in continued remission for > 5 years and with those who experienced a relapse ≤ 5 years after first diagnosis. Results With a median observation time of 10.3 years, 141 incidences of LR-HL were observed. Cumulative incidences at 10, 15, and 20 years rose linearly and were 2.5%, 4.3%, and 6.9%, respectively. The standardized incidence ratio for HL with respect to age- and sex-matched German reference data was 84.5 (95% CI, 71.2 to 99.7). LR-HL was more frequently observed in patients with early-stage favorable than unfavorable or advanced stage at first diagnosis (15-year cumulative incidence, 5.3% v 3.9% and 3.9%, respectively; P = .01). Overall survival from first diagnosis was worse after LR compared with nonrelapse survivors (10-year estimate, 95.8% v 86.1%; hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7 to 3.5; P < .001). In patients with LR-HL, survival was better compared with 466 patients with earlier relapse (hazard ratio, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4 to 0.9, P = .01). Forty-four percent and 49% of patients with LR-HL and earlier relapse, respectively, received stem cell transplantations. Conclusion Apart from treatment-associated adverse effects, survivors after initially successful therapy for cHL are at an 85-fold risk for recurrence of disease compared with the general German population. After risk-adapted treatment strategies, especially in early-stage favorable HL, regular clinical follow-up is recommended for timely detection of LR-HL. With adequate treatment, prognosis of LR-HL is better compared with early relapses.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐ and β‐Benzylhydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactones. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clinical experience with intraaortic balloon pump support in 728 patients. (1978)

From November, 1968, through December, 1976, intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) circulatory support was used 747 times in 728 patients. Overall in-hospital survival was 413/747 (56.9%). Survival with IABP since 1974 has been 65% (286/440) compared to 24% (18/75) in 1968-1971 (P < 0.001). Two practical changes have been associated with this improvement: 1) broadened indications for, and earlier insertion of, IABP; and 2) more aggressive surgical treatment of the primary cardiac lesion. Cardiogenic shock or chronic ischemic ventricular failure accounted for 78.7% (59/75) of IABP in 1968-1971; during 1974-1976 only 26.4% (116/440) of IABP-supported patients were in these categories (P < 0.001). Since 1974, 58.2% (153/263) of IABP patients had an operative procedure following IABP insertion compared to 37.7% (23/611 prior to 1971 (P < 0.01). The major complication rate has remained unchanged at 8.5%. IABP-related mortality rate was 0.8% (6/728). Earlier, more liberal, use of IABP hemodynamic support has led to increased survival in a large number of patients with complications of acute myocardial ischemia. The low mortality associated with its use vindicates earlier institution of IABP support in cardiogenic shock.
Antiviral properties of 3-quinolinecarboxamides: a series of novel non-nucleoside antiherpetic agents. (1997)

Novel antiherpetic 3-quinolinecarboxamides were discovered as part of a drug discovery program at Sterling Winthrop Inc. A major goal of this research was to identify novel non-nucleoside agents possessing activity against acyclovir resistant herpes simplex virus. From screening compound libraries in an HSV-2 plaque reduction assay, 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-pyridinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxamide (1) emerged as an attractive lead structure. By modifying the quinoline ring at the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 7-positions, analogues were identified that have up to 5-fold increased in vitro potency relative to acyclovir. In a single dose mouse model of infection the 1-(4-FC6H4) analogue 17, one of the most potent derivatives in vitro, displayed comparable oral antiherpetic efficacy to acyclovir at 1/16 the dose; in a multiple dose regimen, however, it was 2-fold less potent. Mechanism of action studies indicate that these new compounds interact with a different, as yet undefined, molecular target than acyclovir.
The use of copeptin, the stable peptide of the vasopressin precursor, in the differential diagnosis of sodium imbalance in patients with acute diseases (2011)

Although limited by small sample size, this study found that plasma copeptin level appears to add very little information to the work up of sodium imbalance in this cohort of medical inpatients. It is likely that the non-osmotic "stress"-stimulus in acute hospitalised patients is a major confounder and overrules the osmotic stimulus.
Supplementary Table S2 from Spliced Peptides and Cytokine-Driven Changes in the Immunopeptidome of Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2&lt;/p&gt;
Study of Carrier Mobility of Low-Energy, High-Dose Ion Implantations Using Continuous Anodic Oxidation Technique/Differential Hall Effect &#40;CAOT/DHE&#41; Measurements (2010)

New carrier mobility (¿) data for boron-, phosphorus-, and arsenic-doped Si in a low-energy, high-dose implant regime are measured and studied using continuous anodic oxidation technique/differential Hall effect (CAOT/DHE) technique. The data show that when the doping concentration is > 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , both hole and electron mobility values are lower than the conventional model predictions, and the electron mobility of the As-doped Si is lower than the P-doped ones. The data also show that when the doping concentration is > 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , the hole mobility in B-doped Si and the electron mobility in P-doped Si are almost equal and reach as low as ~40 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V sec, and the electron mobility of As-doped Si is the lowest and reaches ~30 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V sec. These mobility data are much lower than the conventional model predictions and are also lower than the previously published data. For the ULSI device and circuit analyses, simulations, and designs, these new mobility data need to be taken into consideration.
Exhaustion of bacteria-specific CD4 T cells and microbial translocation in common variable immunodeficiency disorders (2014)

In the present study, we have investigated the functional profile of CD4 T cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), including production of cytokines and proliferation in response to bacteria and virus-derived antigens. We show that the functional impairment of CD4 T cells, including the reduced capacity to proliferate and to produce IFN-γ and IL-2, was restricted to bacteria-specific and not virus-specific CD4 T cells. High levels of endotoxins were found in the plasma of patients with CVID, suggesting that CD4 T cell dysfunction might be caused by bacterial translocation. Of note, endotoxemia was associated with significantly higher expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on CD4 T cells. The blockade of the PD-1-PD-L1/2 axis in vitro restored CD4 T cell proliferation capacity, thus indicating that PD-1 signaling negatively regulates CD4 T cell functions. Finally, we showed that intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) treatment significantly reduced endotoxemia and the percentage of PD-1(+) CD4 T cells, and restored bacteria-specific CD4 T cell cytokine production and proliferation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the CD4 T cell exhaustion and functional impairment observed in CVID patients is associated with bacterial translocation and that IVIG treatment resolves bacterial translocation and restores CD4 T cell functions.
Fabrication of drug-loaded ultrafine polymer fibers via solution blowing and their drug release kinetics (2021)

Biocompatible polymer fibers have garnered significant interest due to their unique properties. Applications range from absorbent media to tissue engineering and drug delivery products. Many manufacturing processes produce such fibers, but a gap exists in highly scalable processes for fibers loaded with thermolabile additives like pharmaceuticals. This study investigates preliminary process-structure-function relationships of solution blown poly(ethylene oxide) fibers loaded with doxycycline, a drug that has demonstrated antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral properties. After parameter screening, a factorial experiment mapped the solution blowing design space with a multi-nozzle apparatus. A 1 mm-thick mat was fabricated comprising doxycycline loaded polymer fibers with a mean diameter of 552 ± 200 nm. Study of release kinetics showed the doxycycline released with a significant burst effect over approximately 1 minute. This study highlights solution blowing as a scalable manufacturing platform for fabricating poly(ethylene oxide) fibers loaded with this impactful drug.
Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Pituitary Hyperplasia Independent of Somatostatin Receptor 2 (2001)

Mice homozygous for the targeted disruption of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (alphaGsu) display hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the anterior pituitary thyrotropes. Thyrotrope hyperplasia results in tumors in aged alphaGsu(-/-) mice. These adenomatous pituitaries can grow independently as intrascapular transplants in hypothyroid mice, suggesting that they have progressed beyond simple hyperplasia. We used magnetic resonance imaging to follow the growth and regression of thyrotrope adenomatous hyperplasia in response to thyroid hormone treatment and discovered that the tumors retain thyroid hormone responsiveness. Somatostatin (SMST) and its diverse receptors have been implicated in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. To test the involvement of SMST receptor 2 (SMSTR2) in pituitary tumor progression and thyroid hormone responsiveness in alphaGsu(-/-) mutants, we generated Smstr2(-/-), alphaGsu(-/-) mice. Smstr2(-/-), alphaGsu(-/-) mice develop hyperplasia of thyrotropes, similar to alphaGsu(-/-) mutants, demonstrating that SMSTR2 is dispensable for the development of pituitary adenomatous hyperplasia. Thyrotrope hyperplasia in Smstr2(-/-), alphaGsu(-/-) mice regresses in response to T4 treatment, suggesting that SMSTR2 is not required in the T4 feedback loop regulating TSH secretion.