gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of the 2H4 molecule in the activation of suppressor inducer function (1988)

The monoclonal antibody anti-2H4 recognizes a 220-kDa and 200-kDa glycoprotein and subdivides T4+ cells into distinct subpopulations: the T4+2H4+ inducer of suppression and the T4+2H4- inducer of help. The T4+2H4+ subset has been shown to play a crucial role in the activation of T8+ suppressor cells. In the present study, we attempted to determine whether the 2H4 molecule itself may be involved in initial triggering of suppressor inducer function. The results show that the addition of anti-2H4 antibody to a mixture of B and T cells resulted in a marked suppression of pokeweed mitogen-driven Ig synthesis. When anti-2H4 was added to B cell cultures containing T4+2H4+ or T4+2H4- cells but lacking T8 cells, no suppression was generated. In addition to the requirement for T8 cells, no suppression was generated if T4+2H4+ cells were absent. These results suggest that the anti-2H4 antibody contributes to the activation of the T4+2H4+ lymphocyte subset, which in turn induces T8 cells to suppress B cell Ig synthesis. Biochemical analysis of the T4+2H4+ subset of lymphocytes indicated that the in vitro addition of anti-2H4 antibody resulted in an increased expression of the 220-kDa and 200-kDa structure on T4 cells. We conclude that perturbation of the 2H4 molecule may potentiate the activation of the suppressor inducer subset and that the T200 molecule may be directly involved in suppressor inducer function.
Population Pharmacokinetic and Exposure–Response Analysis of Finerenone: Insights Based on Phase IIb Data and Simulations to Support Dose Selection for Pivotal Trials in Type 2 Diabetes with Chronic Kidney Disease (2019)

Our dose-exposure-response modeling and simulation indicates effects were largely saturated at finerenone 20 mg and doses of both 10 and 20 mg once daily appear safe and efficacious at reducing albuminuria.
TOA Estimation for IR-UWB Systems with Dierent (2006)

In this paper, performances of stored reference (RE), transmitted-reference (TR), and energy detection (ED)based time of arrival (TOA) estimation techniques are analyzed for impulseradio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) systems at sub-Nyquist sampling rates. First, an additive while Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered to emphasize certain fundamental issues related to these dierent transceivers. In particular, energy collection characteristics and decision statistics are presented. Probability of accurate peak detection is analyzed for each transceiver; and receiver operating characertistics for the leading edge are derived. Eects of number of pulses per symbol and number of averaging symbols are investigated in detail. Then, realistic multipath channels are addressed; and various maximum likelihood estimation approaches are investigated. A new estimator that jointly exploits the noise statistics and power delay profile of the channel is proposed, and a Bayesian estimator that (ideally) gives a lowe bound is analyzed. Simulation results show that while ED and TR have better energy colleciton capabilities at low-rate sampling, they suer from distributing the energy over time.
Endoscopic Ultraviolet-Induced Autofluorescence Spectroscopy of the Esophagus: Tissue Characterization and Potential for Early Cancer Diagnosis (2000)

The use of ultraviolet autofluorescence spectroscopy should improve the diagnostic yield of standard endoscopy in patients with Barrett's esophagus.
Emulating pump system static head using PID-controlled flow-regulating valve (2019)

Empirical verification of novel energy efficient control methods and soft sensors for variable-speed-driven pump systems often requires the presence of system static head, which is not readily available in all test setups. This paper proposes a method for emulating the static head of a pump system with a flow-regulating valve.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Activation of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Promotes Immunosuppression Within the Pre–metastatic Niche (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Phenotypic and functionally immunosuppressive MDSCs in the primary tumor and spleen of tumor-bearing mice&lt;/p&gt;
A Vector-Sensing Antenna System: A high-frequency, vector-sensing array based on the two-port loop antenna element (2016)

Vector-sensing antennas, useful in direction-finding (DF) applications, measure the electric and magnetic field in each of the three orthogonal coordinates. These six field values are used to estimate the angle of arrival and polarization of the incoming signals [1]. Typical vector-sensing antennas consist of three orthogonal loops and three orthogonal dipoles that are colocated. The loop antennas are used to sense the magnetic field, and the dipole antennas are used to sense the electric field. Equalizing the electric and magnetic field sensing with this type of antenna is difficult over the entire high-frequency (HF) band. In addition, the dipole antennas significantly increase the overall size of the antenna. A simpler and more compact antenna is desired. This article presents the development of an advanced HF vector-sensing array based on the two-port loop antenna element.
Hybrid powertrain sizing and potential consumption gains (2004)

Symposium IEEE VTS Vehicle Power and Propulsion, PARIS, FRANCE, 06-/10/2004 - 08/10/2004
Bit Pattern Length Dependence of Intrachannel Nonlinearities in Pseudolinear Transmission (2004)

A dependence of nonlinear transmission penalty on bit sequence length in pseudolinear transmission is demonstrated and studied. It is shown that, for a realistic dispersion map, bit sequence lengths incorporating tens of thousands of bits or more may become necessary to accurately capture the nonlinear transmission penalty due to intrachannel nonlinear effects, especially at low bit-error ratio (<10/sup -5/).
Differential gene expression in the pathogenic dermatophyte Arthroderma benhamiae in vitro versus during infection (2009)

Although dermatophytes are the most common agents of superficial mycoses in humans and animals, the molecular basis of the pathogenicity of these fungi is largely unknown. In vitro digestion of keratin by dermatophytes is associated with the secretion of multiple proteases, which are assumed to be responsible for their particular specialization to colonize and degrade keratinized host structures during infection. To investigate the role of individual secreted proteases in dermatophytosis, a guinea pig infection model was established for the zoophilic dermatophyte Arthroderma benhamiae, which causes highly inflammatory cutaneous infections in humans and rodents. By use of a cDNA microarray covering approximately 20-25 % of the A. benhamiae genome and containing sequences of at least 23 protease genes, we revealed a distinct in vivo protease gene expression profile in the fungal cells, which was surprisingly different from the pattern elicited during in vitro growth on keratin. Instead of the major in vitro -expressed proteases, others were activated specifically during infection. These enzymes are therefore suggested to fulfil important functions that are not exclusively associated with the degradation of keratin. Most notably, the gene encoding the serine protease subtilisin 6, which is a known major allergen in the related dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum and putatively linked to host inflammation, was found to be the most strongly upregulated gene during infection. In addition, our approach identified other candidate pathogenicity-related factors in A. benhamiae, such as genes encoding key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle and an opsin-related protein. Our work provides what we believe to be the first broad-scale gene expression profile in human pathogenic dermatophytes during infection, and points to putative virulence-associated mechanisms that make these micro-organisms the most successful aetiological agents of superficial mycoses.
Data from Single-Chain Antibody-Based Immunotoxins Targeting Her2/neu: Design Optimization and Impact of Affinity on Antitumor Efficacy and Off-Target Toxicity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Recombinant immunotoxins, consisting of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) genetically fused to polypeptide toxins, represent potentially effective candidates for cancer therapeutics. We evaluated the affinity of various anti-Her2/neu scFv fused to recombinant gelonin (rGel) and its effect on antitumor efficacy and off-target toxicity. A series of rGel-based immunotoxins were created from the human anti-Her2/neu scFv C6.5 and various affinity mutants (designated ML3-9, MH3-B1, and B1D3) with affinities ranging from 10&lt;sup&gt;−8&lt;/sup&gt; to 10&lt;sup&gt;−11&lt;/sup&gt; mol/L. Against Her2/neu-overexpressing tumor cells, immunotoxins with increasing affinity displayed improved internalization and enhanced autophagic cytotoxicity. Targeting indices were highest for the highest affinity B1D3/rGel construct. However, the addition of free Her2/neu extracellular domain (ECD) significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of B1D3/rGel because of immune complex formation. In contrast, ECD addition had little impact on the lower affinity constructs &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies against established BT474 M1 xenografts showed growth suppression by all immunotoxins. Surprisingly, therapy with the B1D3-rGel induced significant liver toxicity because of immune complex formation with shed Her2/neu antigen in circulation. The MH3-B1/rGel construct with intermediate affinity showed effective tumor growth inhibition without inducing hepatotoxicity or complex formation. These findings show that while high-affinity constructs can be potent antitumor agents, they may also be associated with mistargeting through the facile formation of complexes with soluble antigen leading to significant off-target toxicity. Constructs composed of intermediate-affinity antibodies are also potent agents that are more resistant to immune complex formation. Therefore, affinity is an exceptionally important consideration when evaluating the design and efficacy of targeted therapeutics. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 11(1); 143–53. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
10Gbps operation of a metamorphic InGaP buffered In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As p-i-n photodetector grown on GaAs substrate (2005)

A novel top-illuminated In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As p-i-n photodiodes (MM-PINPD) grown on GaAs substrate by using a linearly graded metamorphic In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>P (x graded from 0.49 to 1) buffer layer has been demonstrated on the SONET OC-192 receiving performance. With a cost-efficient TO-46 package, the MM-PINPD at data rate of 10 Gbit/s can be obtained at minimum optical power of -19.5 dBm. At wavelength of 1550nm, the dark current, optical responsivities, noise equivalent power, and operational bandwidth of the MM-PINPD with aperture diameter of 60 &#956;m are 13 pA, 0.6 A/W, 3.4×10<sup>-15</sup> W/Hz<sup>1/2</sup>, and 8 GHz, respectively. All the parameters are comparable to those of similar devices made on InP substrate or other InGaAs products epitaxially grown on an InGaAlAs buffered GaAs substrate. The performances of the MM-PINPD on GaAs are analyzed by impulse injecting of 1.2-ps pulse-train, eye pattern at 10Gbps, and frequency response from VNA.
A General and Special Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Processes (2010)

Biaryl monophosphorus ligands containing a 2,3-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]oxaphosphole framework are highly effective for the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of a wide range of substrates. Ligand 1 has demonstrated excellent performance for coupling reactions of extremely hindered arylboronic acids. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Design and Analysis of a Passively Suspended Tesla Pump Left Ventricular Assist Device (2010)

This article summarizes the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to design a novel suspended Tesla left ventricular assist device. Several design variants were analyzed to study the parameters affecting device performance. CFD was performed at pump speeds of 6500, 6750, and 7000 rpm and at flow rates varying from 3 to 7 liters per minute (LPM). The CFD showed that shortening the plates nearest the pump inlet reduced the separations formed beneath the upper plate leading edges and provided a more uniform flow distribution through the rotor gaps, both of which positively affected the device hydrodynamic performance. The final pump design was found to produce a head rise of 77 mm Hg with a hydraulic efficiency of 16% at the design conditions of 6 LPM through flow and a 6750 rpm rotation rate. To assess the device hemodynamics the strain rate fields were evaluated. The wall shear stresses demonstrated that the pump wall shear stresses were likely adequate to inhibit thrombus deposition. Finally, an integrated field hemolysis model was applied to the CFD results to assess the effects of design variation and operating conditions on the device hemolytic performance.
Aggregating Privacy-Conscious Distributed Energy Resources for Grid Service Provision (2019)

The increasing adoption of advanced metering infrastructure has led to growing concerns regarding privacy risks stemming from the high resolution measurements. This has given rise to privacy protection techniques that physically alter the consumer's energy load profile, masking private information by using localised devices, e.g. batteries or flexible loads. Meanwhile, there has also been increasing interest in aggregating the distributed energy resources (DERs) of residential consumers to provide services to the grid. In this paper, we propose an online distributed algorithm to aggregate the DERs of privacy-conscious consumers to provide services to the grid, whilst preserving their privacy. Results show that the optimisation solution from the distributed method converges to one close to the optimum computed using an ideal centralised solution method, balancing between grid service provision, consumer preferences and privacy protection. More importantly, the distributed method preserves consumer privacy, and does not require high-bandwidth two-way communications infrastructure.
<title>Self-calibrating dilute-aperture optics</title> (1990)

The principles of image formation using a dilute, multiple- telescope interferometer will be considered. In particular, the requirements for an instrument capable of providing a unique reconstruction of object Fourier phases and instrumental phase errors from a single 'snapshot' of data will be examined. The roles of redundancy in the telescope array, the imposition of the positivity requirement in data inversion, the quality of the instrument point spread function and the stability of the data inversion will be taken into account.
Toll‐like receptor expression is increased via activation of AT1 receptor in the brain associated with sympathoexcitation in mice with heart failure (2010)

Background Previous studies suggest that heart failure (HF) is associated with sympathoexcitation due to oxidative stress in the brain induced by AT1 receptor (AT1R) and NAD (P) H oxidase. They are also known as an upstream of inflammatory signaling pathway mediated by Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the brain. The aim of the present study was to determine whether AT1R‐induced sympatho‐excitation is mediated by TLR4 in the brain of heart failure model or not. Methods and Results As a HF model, ligation of the left coronary artery was performed to make large myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent HF in ICR mice. On day 10 after left coronary artery ligation, mice received either intracerebroventricular (icv) losartan (10μg/h, CHF‐Los) or vehicle (CHF‐Veh) by osmotic minipumps for 14 days. Urinary norepinephrine excretion as a parameter of sympathetic nervous system activity was significantly higher in HF than in sham mice and was significantly lower in CHF‐Los than in CHF‐Veh(0.34±0.04 vs 0.62±0.06, n=3, P&lt;0.05). The expression of TLR4 in the whole brain determined by Western blot analysis was significantly higher in HF than in sham mice, and was significantly lower in CHF‐Los than in CHF‐Veh. Conclusion Toll‐like receptor expression is increased via activation of AT1 receptor in the brain associated with sympathoexcitation in mice with heart failure.
Human adipose-derived stem cell transplantation as a potential therapy for collagen VI-related congenital muscular dystrophy (2014)

Abstract Introduction Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by muscle weakness within the first two years of life. Collagen VI-related muscle disorders have recently emerged as one of the most common types of CMD. COL6 CMD is caused by deficiency and/or dysfunction of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein collagen VI. Currently, there is no specific treatment for this disabling and life-threatening disease. The primary cellular targets for collagen VI CMD therapy are fibroblasts in muscle, tendon and skin, as opposed to muscle cells for other types of muscular dystrophies. However, recent advances in stem cell research have raised the possibility that use of adult stem cells may provide dramatic new therapies for treatment of COL6 CMD. Methods Here, we developed a procedure for isolation of human stem cells from the adipose layer of neonatal skin. The adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) were examined for expression of ECM and related genes using gene expression array analysis. The therapeutic potential of ADSC was assessed after a single intramuscular transplantation in collagen VI-deficient mice. Results Analysis of primary cultures confirmed that established ADSC represent a morphologically homogenous population with phenotypic and functional features of adult mesenchymal stem cells. A comprehensive gene expression analysis showed that ADSC express a vast array of ECM genes. Importantly, it was observed that ADSC synthesize and secrete all three collagen VI chains, suggesting suitability of ADSC for COL6 CMD treatment. Furthermore, we have found that a single intramuscular transplantation of ADSC into Col6a1 −/− Rag1 −/− mice under physiological and cardiotoxin-induced injury/regeneration conditions results in efficient engraftment and migration of stem cells within the skeletal muscle. Importantly, we showed that ADSC can survive long-term and continuously secrete the therapeutic collagen VI protein missing in the mutant mice. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that stem cell therapy can potentially provide a new avenue for the treatment of COL6 CMD and other muscular disorders and injuries.
Hybrid Design for Advanced Magnetic Recording Media: Combining Exchange-Coupled Composite Media with Coupled Granular Continuous Media (2017)

How far can we miniaturize magnetic recording media? Reducing grain size and layer thickness nearly to the atomic level requires finer handling than in typical micromagnetic calculations. The authors develop atomistic simulation of spin dynamics to study magnetization reversal in complex granular media, to optimize performance and push areal density above 1 Tbit/in${}^{2}$. They demonstrate the importance of magnetostatic interactions and inter- and intralayer exchange couplings, and visualize switching at the atomic level to reveal the reversal mechanism. This study transfers knowledge from a university setting directly to industry and real-world problems.
Structure of the mycobacterial ATP synthase F o rotor ring in complex with the anti-TB drug bedaquiline (2015)

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is more prevalent today than at any other time in human history. Bedaquiline (BDQ), a novel Mycobacterium-specific adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase inhibitor, is the first drug in the last 40 years to be approved for the treatment of MDR-TB. This bactericidal compound targets the membrane-embedded rotor (c-ring) of the mycobacterial ATP synthase, a key metabolic enzyme required for ATP generation. We report the x-ray crystal structures of a mycobacterial c9 ring without and with BDQ bound at 1.55- and 1.7-Å resolution, respectively. The structures and supporting functional assays reveal how BDQ specifically interacts with the rotor ring via numerous interactions and thereby completely covers the c-ring's ion-binding sites. This prevents the rotor ring from acting as an ion shuttle and stalls ATP synthase operation. The structures explain how diarylquinoline chemicals specifically inhibit the mycobacterial ATP synthase and thus enable structure-based drug design of next-generation ATP synthase inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacterial pathogens.
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) inhibitors for the treatment of male erectile disorder: Attaining selectivity versus PDE6 (2005)

The role of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in the mechanism of male erection has been well understood, and several drugs inhibiting this enzyme are being used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Discovery of inhibitors with improved selectivity versus other PDE isozymes could lead to drugs with improved safety profile. Achievement of selectivity versus PDE6, co-inhibition of which results in disturbances of color perception, remains the most challenging aspect of current drug discovery programs. The present review describes several case studies, where significant (>100 fold) selectivity versus PDE6 has been attained via investigation of structure-activity relationships (SAR). Special attention is given to the chemical routes leading to novel chemotypes and allowing efficient exploration of their SAR's. Strategies for attaining inhibitor selectivity discussed below may be applicable for other drug discovery programs.
Einfluss von Immissionspegel und Amplitudenmodulation auf die Lästigkeit von Windenergieanlagen/Influence of immission level and amplitude modulation on the annoyance of wind turbines (2022)

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe wissenschaftlicher Publikationen legt nahe, dass die Lästigkeit von Windenergieanlagen durch Amplitudenmodulationen der Anlagengeräusche beeinflusst wird. In dieser Studie wurde ein Hörversuch mit 79 Probanden aus belästigten und nicht-belästigten Gruppen durchgeführt, die die Lästigkeit in Abhängigkeit von variierenden Amplitudenmodulationen und Immissionspegeln beurteilten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen signifikanten Anstieg der Belästigung in Abhängigkeit vom Schalldruckpegel sowie der Stärke der Amplitudenmodulationen. Der Hörversuch belegt darüber hinaus, dass die Lästigkeit deutlich ansteigt, sobald Amplitudenmodulationen hörbar sind. &amp;nbsp; Abstract Current literature suggests that annoyance of wind turbine noise is strongly affected by their amplitude modulations. A listening experiment with exposed and non-exposed listener groups has been carried out, and annoyance ratings were determined for varying amplitude modulations and for different sound pressure levels for a total number of 79 subjects. The results show a significant increase in annoyance with sound pressure level and with the strength of the amplitude modulations. As a further outcome, the study shows that annoyance rises strongly if amplitude modulations are audible.