gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Pseudocubic SrRuO3 (100) Epitaxial Thin Films on Si by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2002)

Pseudocubic SrRuO3 (100) epitaxial thin films were successfully fabricated on Si (100) with a SrO buffer layer of 6nm thickness by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) revealed that the epitaxial growth of SrO occurred on naturally oxidized Si substrates, followed by the epitaxial growth of SrRuO3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed high crystallinity with a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 1.9° in the SrRuO3 (200) rocking curve. XRD study of the in-plane orientation clarified a cube-on-cube epitaxy in which SrRuO3 <010> was rotated by 45° with respect to Si <010>. Deoxidization of SiO2 on Si by Sr is thought to play an important role in realizing the epitaxial growth of SrO.
Tumor‐Associated glycoprotein expression in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study using the monoclonal antibody B72.3 (1994)

The monoclonal antibody B72.3 recognizes a mucin-like glycoprotein which is expressed in a variety of human malignancies including adenocarcinomas of the breast, colon, lung, endometrium, pancreas, and ovary. The antibody, an immunoglobulin G (IgG1) subclass monoclonal antibody, was generated from membrane-enriched fractions of metastatic mammary carcinoma. Because the antigen detected by B72.3 is expressed in a broad spectrum of human neoplasms, B72.3 is a potentially useful marker for glandular neoplasms. Despite its potential usefulness, there is only one previous comprehensive study which has examined the distribution of the tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72), as detected by B72.3, in salivary neoplasms. We examined 21 mucoepidermoid carcinomas with the antibody. Twenty (95%) of the 21 carcinomas stained positively. The only carcinoma that did not stain was initially thought to be a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma based on immunohistochemical staining. Further review, however, indicated that this lesion was most likely a pure squamous cell carcinoma, and the absence of TAG-72 antigen expression was helpful in this regard. Among those neoplasms which stained with B72.3, the strongest staining was seen in the low-grade carcinomas. These results suggest that B72.3 may be a useful marker for glandular differentiation in mucoepidermoid carcinomas.
Safety Improvement of Child Restraint System by Using Adoptive Control (2013)

Wearing a child restraint system (CRS) greatly improves the crash-safety of children. However, the number of children’s injuries in traffic accidents hasn’t decreased. Therefore much further improvement of CRS is requested. Recently, active control of restraint systems for occupants has been studied to improve crash-safety and their effectiveness has been shown. We proposed active harness control for CRS and showed its effectiveness. We constructed a simulation model without harness control. It consists of a child dummy model and a CRS model. We attached a mechanism that changed the harness length in the CRS model. Additionally, we constructed a control system. In this system, head acceleration is fed back as a state quantity and the controller changes the belt length. However, measuring head acceleration in actual car crashes is unrealistic. Therefore we constructed a child linear model and estimate child’s head acceleration in crashes. Also, we designed a controller that determines the harness length from estimated head acceleration. Simulations were executed and the injury risks were decreased compared to the model without control of the harness. Thus we clarified the effectiveness of active control of CRS in numerical simulations.
Obtaining Synthon Modularity in Ternary Cocrystals with Hydrogen Bonds and Halogen Bonds (2014)

Design of ternary cocrystals based on synthon modularity is described. The strategy is based on the idea of extending synthon modularity in binary cocrystals of 4-hydroxybenzamide:dicarboxylic acids and 4-bromobenzamide:dicarboxylic acids. If a system contains an amide group along with other functional groups, one of which is a carboxylic acid group, the amide associates preferentially with the carboxylic acid group to form an acid–amide heterosynthon. If the amide and the acid groups are in different molecules, a higher multicomponent molecular crystal is obtained. This is a stable pattern that can be used to increase the number of components from two to three in a multicomponent system. Accordingly, noncovalent interactions are controlled in the design of ternary cocrystals in a more predictable manner. If a single component crystal with the amide–amide dimer is considered, modularity is retained even after formation of a binary cocrystal with acid–amide dimers. Similarly, when third component halogen atom containing molecules are introduced into these binary cocrystals, modularity is still retained. Here, we use acid–amide and Br/I···O2N supramolecular synthons to obtain modularity in nine ternary cocrystals. The acid–amide heterosynthon is robust to all the nine cocrystals. Heterosynthons may assist ternary cocrystal formation when there is a high solubility difference between the coformers. For a successful crystal engineering strategy for ternary cocrystals, one must consider the synthon itself and factors like shape and size of the component molecules, as well as the solubilities of the compounds.
Physical Chemistry of the Ultrasound–Tissue Interaction (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Acoustic Properties Reflecting Different Levels of Tissue Organisation Molecular Aspects of Soft Tissue Mechanics Relationship Between Ultrasonic Parameters and Fundamental Thermodynamic Potentials of a Medium Structural Contribution to Bulk and Shear Acoustic Properties of Tissues Relevance to Tissue Characterisation References
Study of the Mechanism of Photochemical Carbonylation of Benzene Catalyzed by Rh(PMe3)2(CO)Cl (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of the Mechanism of Photochemical Carbonylation of Benzene Catalyzed by Rh(PMe3)2(CO)ClGlen P. Rosini, William T. Boese, and Alan S. GoldmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 21, 9498–9505Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00100a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00100a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views954Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Liquid crystals based on 2‐fluoropyrimidine and ‐pyridine: synthesis, dielectric anisotropy and phase behavior* (1995)

Polar liquid crystals with strongly positive dielectric anisotropies are of continuing interest to the display industry because they help to lower both the operating voltage and the total power consumption of LCDs in portable devices. Fluorinated heterocyclic materials (Figure, right, where MG is a mesogenic group) are shown here to exhibit improved mesophase properties and higher dielectric anisotropies than commonly used materials based on carbocyclic structures (Figure, left) magnified image .
Recurrent neural networks for breast lesion classification based on DCE-MRIs (2018)

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) plays a significant role in breast cancer screening, cancer staging, and monitoring response to therapy. Recently, deep learning methods are being rapidly incorporated in image-based breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, most of the current deep learning methods make clinical decisions based on 2-dimentional (2D) or 3D images and are not well suited for temporal image data. In this study, we develop a deep learning methodology that enables integration of clinically valuable temporal components of DCE-MRIs into deep learning-based lesion classification. Our work is performed on a database of 703 DCE-MRI cases for the task of distinguishing benign and malignant lesions, and uses the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as the performance metric in conducting that task. We train a recurrent neural network, specifically a long short-term memory network (LSTM), on sequences of image features extracted from the dynamic MRI sequences. These features are extracted with VGGNet, a convolutional neural network pre-trained on a large dataset of natural images ImageNet. The features are obtained from various levels of the network, to capture low-, mid-, and high-level information about the lesion. Compared to a classification method that takes as input only images at a single time-point (yielding an AUC = 0.81 (se = 0.04)), our LSTM method improves lesion classification with an AUC of 0.85 (se = 0.03).
Study on Timing Characteristics of High-Voltage Pulse Generation with Different Charging Voltages (2018)

The time synchronization of each sub-unit of a pulsed generator is important to generate an output high-power radio frequency (RF) signal. To obtain the time synchronization between an input RF signal fed by an external source and an electron beam produced by an electric pulse generator, the influence of different charging voltages on a delay and a rise time of the output pulse waveform in the electric pulse generator should be carefully considered. This paper aims to study the timing characteristics of the delay and the rise time as a function of different charging voltages with a peak value of less than -35 kV in the high-voltage pulse generator, including a trigger generator (TG) and a pulse-forming line (PFL). The simulation has been carried out to estimate characteristics in the time domain, in addition to their output high-voltage amplitude. Experimental results compared with those obtained by simulation indicate that the delay of the output pulses of the TG and PFL, which are made by controlling the external triggering signal with respect to different charging voltages, is getting longer as the charging voltage is increasing, and their rise times are inversely proportional to the amplitude of the charging voltage.
Cover Picture: Synthesis and Reactions of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44/2011) (2011)

Like the suguaro cactus the chemistry of carbene boranes sprouted from barren ground and grew slowly for several decades. The rains came in 2008, and now the various branches of the field are all blossoming. In their Review on page 10 294 ff. D. P. Curran and co-workers discuss the synthesis, application, and characterization of N-heterocyclic carbene-borane complexes. Unusual boron species are stabilized by carbenes, and carbene boranes themselves are reagents for organic synthesis and co-initiators for radical photopolymerization. The cover was created by Dr. Julien Monot and Mr. Andrey Solovyev.
Expression and activity of serum response factor is required for expression of the muscle-determining factor MyoD in both dividing and differentiating mouse C2C12 myoblasts. (1996)

To understand the mechanism by which the serum response factor (SRF) is involved in the process of skeletal muscle differentiation, we have assessed the effect of inhibiting SRF activity or synthesis on the expression of the muscle-determining factor MyoD. Inhibition of SRF activity in mouse myogenic C2C12 cells through microinjection of either the SRE oligonucleotide (which acts by displacing SRF proteins from the endogenous SRE sequences), purified SRF-DB (a 30-kDa portion of SRF containing the DNA-binding domain of SRF, which acts as a dominant negative mutant in vivo), or purified anti-SRF antibodies rapidly prevents the expression of MyoD. Moreover, the rapid shutdown of MyoD expression after in vivo inhibition of SRF activity is observed not only in proliferating myoblasts but also in myoblasts cultured under differentiating conditions. Additionally, by using a cellular system expressing a glucocorticoid-inducible antisense-SRF (from aa 74 to 244) we have shown that blocking SRF expression by dexamethasone induction of antisense SRF results in the lack of MyoD expression as probed by both immunofluorescence and Northern blot analysis. Taken together these data demonstrate that SRF expression and activity are required for the expression of the muscle-determining factor MyoD.
Uniform interfaces for distributed systems (1980)

In designing a distributed system it is useful to distinguish between services provided to end-users and services provided to programs. The first type of service is provided by the user interface, the second by the system interface. Both user and system interfaces should gracefully extend the local (single-machine) computing environment to embrace remote resources; these should provide a coherent view of the distributed system. This report presents several mechanisms and paradigms for building distributed systems with uniform interfaces. These techniques are discussed in the context of a multiple-machine, multiple-network distributed system, called RIG which, logically can be thought of as a collection of independent processes running on various computers and cooperating via messages. Typical operating system functions, such as file access, terminal communication, and printing, are provided by server processes associated with each system resource. Each server is responsible for maintaining its own resource-specific communication protocol with its resource and for providing a standard message interface to other RIG processes. Thus, the distinction made in traditional systems between operating system services and user processes has been abandoned in favor of a uniform message interface. Additional keywords: Virtue terminals; command interaction; process management; paradigms; computer architecture.
Development of a cleavage-site-specific monoclonal antibody for detecting metalloproteinase-derived aggrecan fragments: detection of fragments in human synovial fluids (1995)

We have developed a monoclonal antibody AF-28 that specifically recognizes a neo-epitope on polypeptides with N-terminal FFGVG ... sequences. This sequence is found at the N-terminus of aggrecan fragments that have been digested with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). By immunoblotting, monoclonal antibody AF-28 specifically detected G2 fragments derived from an aggrecan G1-G2 substrate digested with stromelysin, collagenase, gelatinase and matrilysin, but failed to detect G2 fragments obtained from elastase, trypsin or cathepsin B digests. Undigested G1-G2 was not detected. In addition, AF-28 antibody detected fragments derived from whole aggrecan and this detection did not require prior treatment with chondroitinase or keratanase. Competition experiments confirmed that peptides containing internal ... FFGVG ... sequences were not detected by the antibody, while native MMP-digested aggrecan fragments and a synthetic 32-mer peptide with FFGVG ... N-termini were equally competitive on a molar basis. An FFGVG 5-mer, and an FGVGGEEDI9-mer which lacked the N-terminal phenylalanine residue, were 50 times and 230 times respectively less competitive than the FFGVG ... 32-mer. Two fragments from the interglobular domain, F342-F373 and F342-D441, that are predicted products of G1-G2 digestion by neutrophil collagenase but have not previously been detected, could be detected with AF-28. The epitope recognized by AF-28 was also detected in human synovial fluids by Western blot analysis. A broad band of 100-200 kDa was detected in some patients and a dominant band of 40-60 kDa was found in two patients. The size of this small fragment corresponds with that seen for the porcine F342-E373 product and may represent the natural physiological product of aggrecan cleaved in vivo at both the MMP site (... DIPEN341 decreases F342FGVG ...) and the aggrecanase site (... ITEGE373 decreases A374RGSVI ...).
Microstructure of photodeposited Fe in porous Vycor glass (1993)

The products derived from the UV photolysis of Fe(CO)5 physisorbed onto porous Vycor glass have been examined by x-ray microprobe analysis, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). Although the photolysis and subsequent heatings are carried out in air, spectroscopic data reveal two surprisingly different forms of iron. Isomer shift, pre-edge, and EXAFS data indicate that one product is similar to α-Fe2O3 and consists of an Fe3+ ion octahedrally surrounded by six oxygen atoms at a distance of 1.8 Å. Isomer shift, EXAFS, and pre-edge feature analysis show that the second compound, which comprises ∼50% of the reaction product, is mainly elemental iron, in which a central Fe atom is surrounded by approximately eight other Fe atoms at a distance of 2 Å. X-ray microprobe analysis shows that aggregation occurs during photolysis due to the diffusion of Fe(CO)5 from the interior into exterior photodepleted volumes of glass. Heating has little effect on product ratio or distribution, but consolidating the glass at 1200 °C leads to further aggregation and formation of magnetically ordered particles that exhibit magnetic hyperfine fields of 370 and 425 kG.
The tails of two proteins: the scrapie prion protein and the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor. (1994)

Many proteins with a variety of functions have proven to have glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linkages; two members of this family are the scrapie prion protein and the receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). The scrapie prion protein has two isoforms: PrPC is found in brain cells from normal animals, while PrPSc is an abnormal isoform that is only found in scrapie-infected animals. PrPSc is the only identified component of the prion, an infectious agent that apparently does not contain nucleic acid. Models for how prions replicate require that PrPSc must somehow recruit PrPC and catalyze or stabilize a post-translational event that converts PrPC into PrPSc. Extensive characterization has suggested that this critical post-translational event is probably conformational and not a chemical change. The presence of a GPI anchor on CNTFR alpha is an unusual feature for a molecule that must transmit a signal to the inside of the cell. Recent data have indicated that CNTFR alpha must bind CNTF, then interact with two other "beta" receptor components to initiate signal transduction. Furthermore, we have shown that, unlike the vast majority of receptors, CNTFR alpha can function as a soluble molecule to promote CNTF action on cells that contain the two beta components, but do not themselves express CNTFR alpha. Intriguingly, we have also demonstrated that CNTFR alpha is present in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in vivo, and the release of CNTFR alpha from skeletal muscle is increased by denervation of the muscle. Whether the soluble form is released through GPI-anchor cleavage remains to be determined.
Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens/ventral capsule for severe and intractable opioid and benzodiazepine use disorder. (2021)

Given high relapse rates and the prevalence of overdose deaths, novel treatments for substance use disorder (SUD) are desperately needed for those who are treatment refractory. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for SUD and the effects of DBS on substance use, substance craving, emotional symptoms, and frontal/executive functions. DBS electrodes were implanted bilaterally within the Nucleus Accumbens/Ventral anterior internal capsule (NAc/VC) of a man in his early 30s with >10-year history of severe treatment refractory opioid and benzodiazepine use disorders. DBS of the NAc/VC was found to be safe with no serious adverse events noted and the participant remained abstinent and engaged in comprehensive treatment at the 12-week endpoint (and 12-month extended follow-up). Using a 0-100 visual analog scale, substance cravings decreased post-DBS implantation; most substantially in benzodiazepine craving following the final DBS titration (1.0 ± 2.2) compared to baseline (53.4 ± 29.5; p < .001). A trend toward improvement in frontal/executive function was observed on the balloon analog risk task performance following the final titration (217.7 ± 76.2) compared to baseline (131.3 ± 28.1, p = .066). FDG PET demonstrated an increase in glucose metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal and medial premotor cortices at the 12-week endpoint compared to post-surgery/pre-DBS titration. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) improved following the final titration (rMSSD = 56.0 ± 11.7) compared to baseline (19.2 ± 8.2; p < .001). In a participant with severe, treatment refractory opioid and benzodiazepine use disorder, DBS of the NAc/VC was safe, reduced substance use and craving, and improved frontal and executive functions. Confirmation of these findings with future studies is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
[Secondary forms of diabetes mellitus associated with endocrine diseases]. (2005)

Diabetes mellitus may occur in association with endocrine disorders and is termed "other causes of diabetes" by the American Diabetes Association. Hyperglycaemia results from sustained excessive hormonal secretion, which alters insulin secretion or action. It is characterized by the absence of ketosis because of the persistence of endogenous insulin secretion. Diabetes is usually reversible with successful treatment of the underlying endocrine disorder and the correction of hormonal overproduction. Most important endocrine diseases associated with diabetes mellitus are briefly described and the underlying mechanisms of glucose abnormalities are discussed.
Generation of sub-terahertz waves using a semiconductor photomixer (2003)

A low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) photoconductive switch has been utilized as a photomixer in the sub-terahertz (sub-THz) region. The usefulness of the switch has been demonstrated by detecting the radiated sub-THz wave with a high-TC Josephson junction detector consisting a series of nine junctions and a gold-coated log-periodic antenna. The sub-THz waves are radiated from the photoconductive switch by introducing the optical heterodyne signal of two semiconductor lasers. Although the radiation power of the photoconductive switch is three orders of magnitude lower than a conventional photodiode, the sub-THz waves from the switch were successfully observed in the difference voltage response of the junctions. This result suggests that the LT-GaAs switch can be used as the photomixer in the optical-microwave converter for superconductive electronics. We have also studied the properties of a radiated sub-THz frequency spectrum using a Martin–Puplett interferometer.