gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoreduction of Autooxidized Albumin−Heme Hybrid in Saline Solution:  Revival of Its O2-Binding Ability (2001)

Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) incorporating 2-[8-[N-(2-methylimidazolyl)]octanoyloxymethyl]-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(alpha,alpha,alpha,alpha-o-pivalamido)phenylporphinatoiron(II)s (Fe(II)Ps) [rHSA-Fe(II)P] is a synthetic hemoprotein which can bind and release O(2) reversibly under physiological conditions (saline solution [NaCl]: 150 mM, pH 7.3) as do hemoglobin and myoglobin. However, the central ferrous ions of Fe(II)Ps are slowly oxidized to O(2)-inactive ferric forms. Based on the UV-vis. absorption spectroscopy, the majority of the autooxidized Fe(III)Ps in albumin are determined to be six-coordinate high-spin complexes with a proximal imidazole and a chloride anion, which show ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) absorption at 330 nm. Interestingly, photoirradiation of this LMCT band under an argon atmosphere led to reduction of the central ferric iron of Fe(III)P, allowing the revival of the O(2)-binding ability. The ratio of the photoreduction reached a maximum of 83%, which is probably due to the partial dissociation of the axial imidazole. The same photoirradiation under a CO atmosphere provides the corresponding carbonyl rHSA-Fe(II)P. Laser flash photolysis experiments revealed that the reduction was completed within 100 ns. The quantum yields (Phi) of these photoreductions were approximately 0.01.
Circuit Model for the Efficient Co-Simulation of Spin Qubits and their Control & Readout Circuitry (2021)

In the past years, individual electron spins confined in quantum dots have emerged as a promising candidate for realizing qubits, in view of their good scalability potential and relatively long decoherence times. Due to the recent advancements in qubit device technologies, the quantum system stack levels above the device level are becoming increasingly more relevant. However, quantum systems necessitate very specific requirements on the classical electronics that control and monitor the qubits, requiring good design tools for the co-design of the qubits with their associated electronics. We propose a circuit model for a spin qubit to facilitate this co-design. Our model includes readout via a resonator, single-qubit quantum gates based on electron spin resonance techniques and two-qubit quantum gates based on the spin exchange interaction. The model is also able to include qubit decoherence and handle the effects of nonideal control signals on the qubit. The spin qubit model can be completely simulated in Spectre®, thereby opening up possibilities for co-designing qubit-specific electronics in a commonly used simulation environment.
Field Desorption (FD) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
The emerging field of cell and tissue engineering. (2008)

New scientific technologies and concepts have led to the revolution of the field of regenerative medicine, as highlighted in our review of articles published in the journal Cell Transplantation - The Regenerative Medicine Journal over the last two years. From 2006 to 2007, 373 articles were published; a remarkable increase over the last two time periods (2004-2005 and 2005-2006), partly due to inclusion of American Society for Neural Therapy and Repair (ASNTR) meeting abstracts in the current analysis. The neuroscience section has increased immensely in the number of articles and percentage of all manuscripts. The tissue engineering and bioartificial organs section is now equally important with the islets and other endocrines section. There is a considerable increase in the proportion of manuscripts related to transplants with stem cells, progenitors, and bone marrow and nontransplants. Stem cell transplants can be ranked in the following descending order of preference; bone marrow-derived cells, neural stem cells, human umbilical cord blood cells, embryonic stem cells, and myoblasts. Bone marrow derived cells and human umbilical cord blood cell have been used for various disease fields. The non-stem cell transplantation group is made up primarily of islet cells, followed by biomaterials, and other cells or tissues from a variety of sources. The field of regenerative medicine as represented by the journal Cell Transplantation is not restricted solely to transplantation. The majority of the non-transplantation-based articles relate to methods other than transplant for treatment, e.g. dietary supplementation, preparation for transplantation (isolation, differentiation and growth of cells or tissues), and pathology (e.g. neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease).
Role of Water in the Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Lithium Iodide–Iodine–Water–C12E10 Mesophase as a Gel Electrolyte in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (2021)

By replacing volatile and flammable organic-based electrolytes with gel electrolytes, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) may be a viable and more practical alternative to other clean energy sources. Although they present a promising alternative, gel electrolytes still have some drawbacks for practical applications, such as low ionic conductivity and infusion difficulties into the pores of the working electrode. Here, we introduce a new one-step fabrication method that uses a lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) gel electrolyte (LiI:I<sub>2</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O:C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>25</sub>(OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>10</sub>OH) and a dye (N719) to construct a DSSC that performs (7.32%) 2.2 times better compared with a traditional two-step production. Water plays a key role in the gel electrolyte, where the H<sub>2</sub>O/LiI mole ratio is around 2.57 under ambient laboratory conditions (ALCs); however, this ratio linearly increases to 4.00 and then to 5.85 at 40 and 75% humidities, respectively, without affecting the two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal structure of the mesophase. The ionic conductivity of the gel electrolyte linearly increases accordingly, by 2.2 (4.8 × 10<sup>-5</sup> to 10.6 × 10<sup>-5</sup>) and 13.1 times (63.0 × 10<sup>-5</sup> S/cm) from ALC to 40 and ALC to 75% humidity, respectively. Increasing water in the gel phase improves the conductivity of the LLC mesophase and the short-circuit current (<i>I</i><sub>sc</sub>) of the DSSC, but negatively influences the open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>oc</sub>) of the cell, equilibrium reaction between the LiI and I<sub>2</sub>, and the anchoring of the dye molecules over the titania surface.
CLONING AND CONSTRUCTION OF SINGLE-CHAIN VARIABLE FRAGMENTS (SCFV) TO CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS AND PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS (2006)

The variable regions of heavy and light chain genes were cloned from the RNA of mouse hybridoma cells that produce monoclonal antibodies specific to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The cloned genes were constructed into single-chain variable fragments (scFv) in combination with various promoters and transferred into Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue using Agrobacterium tumefacien. Transgenic plants were generated and selected using the bar gene that confers resistance to phosphinothricin. From purified genomic plant DNA, the scFv was re-cloned after PCR and sequenced to verify the presence of the transgene. Resistance to CMV infection was evaluated by mechanically inoculating plants with purified CMV. Several R0 transgenic plants exhibited some degree of disease resistance in the first screening, showing no symptoms, reduced symptoms or delayed symptom development. In subsequent challenge inoculations of R1 plants with lower dilutions of inoculum, occasionally plants showed resistance when compared with non-transformed plants, but, overall, results were variable. For each of the four promoters, three or four transgenic plants were generated exhibiting some degree of disease resistance.
Phase shifters using (Ba,Sr)TiO/sub 3/ thin films on sapphire and glass substrates (2002)

In this paper, we present results from distributed phase shifter circuits that were fabricated on sapphire and glass substrates. The circuits employ voltage tunable (Ba,Sr)TiO/sub 3/ (BST) thin films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering. Both parallel-plate and interdigital capacitor structures are investigated. K/Ka-band phase shifters demonstrated a phase shift of 265/spl deg/ with an insertion loss of 5.8 dB at 20 GHz and 180/spl deg/ phase shift with an insertion loss of 4 dB at 30 GHz. Both circuits demonstrated a promising figure of merit /spl sim/60/spl deg//dB at 10 GHz. A C/X-band phase shifter demonstrated a phase shift of >460 degrees with an insertion loss of 8.8 dB at 8 GHz.
A compact heat transfer model based on an enhanced Fourier law for analysis of frequency-domain thermoreflectance experiments (2015)

A recently developed enhanced Fourier law is applied to the problem of extracting thermal properties of materials from frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) experiments. The heat transfer model comprises contributions from two phonon channels; one a high-heat-capacity diffuse channel consisting of phonons of mean free path (MFP) less than a threshold value, and the other a low-heat-capacity channel consisting of phonons with MFP higher than this value that travel quasi-ballistically over length scales of interest. The diffuse channel is treated using the Fourier law, while the quasi-ballistic channel is analyzed using a second-order spherical harmonic expansion of the phonon distribution function. A recent analysis of FDTR experimental data suggested the use of FDTR in deriving large portions of the MFP accumulation function; however, it is shown here that the data can adequately be explained using our minimum-parameter model, thus highlighting an important limitation of FDTR experiments in exploring the accumulation function of bulk matter.
Pyrazine-Linked 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Coating Material for High-Nickel Layered Oxide Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2020)

The high specific capacity in excess of 200 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> and low dependence on cobalt have enhanced the research interest on nickel-rich layered metal oxides as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. Nonetheless, their poor cycle life and thermal stability, resulting from the occurrence of cation mixing between the transition-metal (TM) and lithium ions, are yet to be fully addressed to enable the widespread and reliable use of these materials. Here, we report a two-dimensional (2D) pyrazine-linked covalent organic framework (namely, Pyr-2D) as a coating material for nickel-rich layered cathodes to mitigate unwanted TM dissolution and interfacial reactions. The Pyr-2D coating layer, especially the 2D planar morphology and conjugated atomic configuration of Pyr-2D, protects the electrode surface effectively during cycling without sacrificing the electric conductivity of the host material. As a result, Pyr-2D-coated nickel-rich layered cathodes exhibited superior cyclability, rate performance, and thermal stability. The present study highlights the potential ability of 2D conjugated covalent organic frameworks to improve the key electrochemical properties of emerging battery electrodes.
Dipole-dipole interaction in the near-resonant Kapitza-Dirac effect (1995)

We study the near-resonant Kapitza-Dirac diffraction of two atoms interacting via the dipole-dipole interaction within the framework of an effective one-dimensional model. We concentrate mostly on the Stern-Gerlach regime of diffraction, where the atomic wave functions are sufficiently well localized that a good physical understanding of the system dynamics in terms of local potentials can be achieved. In general, the dipole-dipole interaction can lead to substantial modifications of the Stern-Gerlach diffraction pattern. We find in particular that under appropriate conditions, bound states of the atomic system can be established, with the two atoms separated by a distance of the order of hundreds of nanometers. However, spontaneous emission eventually destroys the binding between these states via a heating mechanism somewhat similar to strong-field Sysiphus heating. In this respect, the behavior of the ``diatom'' bound state under the influence of spontaneous emission is similar to that of the atomic solitons predicted to occur in near-resonant Kapitza-Dirac diffraction in the framework of nonlinear atom optics.
Systematic Variation of 3d Metal Centers in a Redox-Innocent Ligand Environment: Structures, Electrochemical Properties, and Carbon Dioxide Activation (2021)

Coordination compounds of earth-abundant 3d transition metals are among the most effective catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). While the properties of the metal center are crucial for the ability of the complexes to electrochemically activate CO<sub>2</sub>, systematic variations of the metal within an identical, redox-innocent ligand backbone remain insufficiently investigated. Here, we report on the synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization, and electrochemical investigation of a series of 3d transition-metal complexes [M = Mn(I), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(I), and Zn(II)] coordinated by a new redox-innocent PNP pincer ligand system. Only the Fe, Co, and Ni complexes reveal distinct metal-centered electrochemical reductions from M(II) down to M(0) and show indications for interaction with CO<sub>2</sub> in their reduced states. The Ni(0) d<sup>10</sup> species associates with CO<sub>2</sub> to form a putative Aresta-type Ni-η<sup>2</sup>-CO<sub>2</sub> complex, where electron transfer to CO<sub>2</sub> through back-bonding is insufficient to enable electrocatalytic activity. By contrast, the Co(0) d<sup>9</sup> intermediate binding CO<sub>2</sub> can undergo additional electron uptake into a formal cobalt(I) metallacarboxylate complex able to promote turnover. Our data, together with the few literature precedents, single out that an unsaturated coordination sphere (coordination number = 4 or 5) and a d<sup>7</sup>-to-d<sup>9</sup> configuration in the reduced low oxidation state (+I or 0) are characteristics that foster electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> activation for complexes based on redox-innocent ligands.
Silicon Photonics (2007)

Silicon photonics is rapidly gaining importance as a generic technology platform for a wide range of applications in telecom, datacom, interconnect and sensing. It allows to implement photonic functions in or above silicon through the use of wafer-scale technologies normally used for advanced CMOS-processing. In recent years there has been a plethora of breakthroughs in this field, including the demonstration of ultra-compact passive optical functions, high speed optical modulators and detectors, silicon lasers, all-optical signal processing functions, etc. One of the exciting new directions is the wafer-scale heterogeneous integration of III-V materials with silicon.
3D and 4D Printing of Complex Structures of FeMnSi‐Based Shape Memory Alloy Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (2022)

Abstract The additive manufacturing of shape memory materials, commonly known as 4D printing, facilitates the achievement of a complex 3D structure that possesses a temperature‐dependent shape change functionality. Herein, it is demonstrated that complex 3D structures of Fe‐based shape memory alloys (Fe‐SMAs) can be produced through a 3D printing process of laser powder bed fusion (L‐PBF). The 3D printed Fe‐SMA shows good mechanical properties with much higher strength and stiffness than those in shape memory polymers. The printed Fe‐SMAs manifest shape recovery behavior, demonstrating that material‐inherent functional behaviors can be combined with the functionalities of the complex 3D structures to facilitate shape morphing, self‐healing, and auxetic behavior and to achieve a lattice structure with extraordinary specific strength.
Design and Characterization of Near-Infrared Sensitivity-Enhanced Three-Tap Fully Depleted Image Sensor for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (2022)

A backside illumination (BSI) silicon-based CMOS image sensor (CIS) with three transfer gates is designed and optimized for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) applications. A three-tap design is considered for a more efficient fluorescence acquisition, avoiding sample damage and photobleaching. A thick silicon substrate and a p-well funnel are applied to obtain better external quantum efficiency (EQE) and lower parasitic light sensitivity (PLS) in the NIR range. In addition, the photocharge collection speed of the pixel is investigated and optimized. This three-tap image sensor performs a high EQE of 42.6% and a low PLS of −60 dB at 940 nm and a pixel response of 7.41 ns. Fluorescence lifetime imaging with a developed image sensor is demonstrated with accuracy as an example with the 705-nm peak emission.
Analysis of Head Impacts Causing Neck Compression Injury (2008)

Peak head velocity was determined for inverted drop and impact tests as a means of merging and analyzing cadaver data on serious injury for impacts to the top of the head. There are relationships between head velocity, impact force, and serious injury. A 15% risk of serious injury is at 2.3 m/s (5.1 mph) head velocity and 50% risk at 4.2 m/s (9.4 mph); however, more data are needed in the 2-4 m/s head velocity range to clarify injury risks. In addition, many factors influence the risk of the neck injury, including the age and physical condition of the person; orientation of the head, neck, and torso; and location of impact and interface.
Supplementary Table S1 from ERK Inhibitor LY3214996 Targets ERK Pathway–Driven Cancers: A Therapeutic Approach Toward Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Biochemical and cellular selectivity profile of LY3214996 (DiscoveRx and ActiveX data)&lt;/p&gt;
Mitigation of CMOS Device Variability in Digital RF Processor (2018)

The market demand for ultralow-cost cell phones by billions of first-time users in the developing countries has spurred development of single-chip second generation (2G) radios. Modern 2G radios integrate a radiofrequency (RF) transceiver with a digital baseband (DBB) processor in scaled complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS). The authors present a characterization technique to estimate the mismatches in transistor switches of an RF digitally controlled pre-power amplifier (DPA) and tuning varactors of the RF digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO). DPA and DCO are vital components of the Digital RF processor (DRP) technology at the heart of the modern global system for mobile communication (GSM)/ Enhanced data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) RF transceiver designs at Texas Instruments. The authors describe novel techniques used to estimate and arbitrate the device variability in the physical DPA and DCO designs. The DCO performs conversion from digital code to carrier frequency deviation, whereas DPA performs conversion from digital code to RF amplitude of the carrier.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@TSC nanocomposite: highly efficient removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous medium (2016)

A new magnetic adsorbent Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@TSC was used for the removal of Cr<sup>3+</sup> and Co<sup>2+</sup> metal ions from aqueous media.
Effect of production flow and pump jack noise on a distributed acoustic sensing VSP data set (2017)

A benefit of permanently installed fiber-optic cables in production wells is the ability to acquire distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) vertical seismic profile (VSP) data without physical access to or intervention in the well itself. FiberVSPTM DAS VSP data recorded with and without production flow in a well were analyzed and compared with passive noise data recorded with and without pump-jack-enhanced production flow. The VSP records show no significant detrimental impact from production flow. Spectral analyses of the passive flow data show a low-frequency peak at approximately 16 Hz, which diminishes in amplitude with depth. There is also a higher noise level at >120 Hz. However, these noise levels are much lower than and are uncorrelated with the VSP signals and thus are not visible on the VSP records. Presentation Date: Thursday, September 28, 2017 Start Time: 8:55 AM Location: 362D Presentation Type: ORAL
Cross Validation in Compressive Sensing and its Application of OMP-CV Algorithm (2016)

Compressive sensing (CS) is a data acquisition technique that measures sparse or compressible signals at a sampling rate lower than their Nyquist rate. Results show that sparse signals can be reconstructed using greedy algorithms, often requiring prior knowledge such as the signal sparsity or the noise level. As a substitute to prior knowledge, cross validation (CV), a statistical method that examines whether a model overfits its data, has been proposed to determine the stopping condition of greedy algorithms. This paper first analyzes cross validation in a general compressive sensing framework and developed general cross validation techniques which could be used to understand CV-based sparse recovery algorithms. Furthermore, we provide theoretical analysis for OMP-CV, a cross validation modification of orthogonal matching pursuit, which has very good sparse recovery performance. Finally, numerical experiments are given to validate our theoretical results and investigate the behaviors of OMP-CV.
Binary contention resolution for M2M random access prioritization in LTE-A and 5G (2017)

Accommodating Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications and their requirements is one of the challenges on the way from LTE towards 5G networks. A notorious bottleneck for supporting M2M in LTE is the Random Access (RA) procedure for network connection establishment. To address the limitations of LTE RA, we introduce here the idea of Binary Contention Resolution (BCR), a simple and efficient method for prioritizing the devices during RA. Preliminary simulative evaluation shows the gains of using BCR in comparison to state-of-the-art.
Effect of the gear finishing process on bending fatigue crack initiation and propagation in spur gears (2001)

The depth and stress levels of residual stress profiles are a major concern in carburized components such as transmission gears. Residual stress profiles are, among other factors, a function of the gear steel composition, the carburizing process and the gear finishing process. One of the goals of the finishing process in gears is to obtain a certain level of toughness in the gear teeth to reduce and/or eliminate bending and contact fatigue failures. This article presents a comparison of the characteristics of bending fatigue crack initiation in cubic boron nitride (CBN)-ground only and CBN-ground and shot-peened gears during single-tooth bench testing, and also a comparison of the characteristics of bending fatigue crack initiation in shot-cleaned only and CBN-ground only gears during single-tooth bench testing. The gear steel used in this study was SAE 8620/22.