gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions between BMP-7 and USAG-1 (Uterine Sensitization-Associated Gene-1) Regulate Supernumerary Organ Formations (2014)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are highly conserved signaling molecules that are part of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, and function in the patterning and morphogenesis of many organs including development of the dentition. The functions of the BMPs are controlled by certain classes of molecules that are recognized as BMP antagonists that inhibit BMP binding to their cognate receptors. In this study we tested the hypothesis that USAG-1 (uterine sensitization-associated gene-1) suppresses deciduous incisors by inhibition of BMP-7 function. We learned that USAG-1 and BMP-7 were expressed within odontogenic epithelium as well as mesenchyme during the late bud and early cap stages of tooth development. USAG-1 is a BMP antagonist, and also modulates Wnt signaling. USAG-1 abrogation rescued apoptotic elimination of odontogenic mesenchymal cells. BMP signaling in the rudimentary maxillary incisor, assessed by expressions of Msx1 and Dlx2 and the phosphorylation of Smad protein, was significantly enhanced. Using explant culture and subsequent subrenal capsule transplantation of E15 USAG-1 mutant maxillary incisor tooth primordia supplemented with BMP-7 demonstrated in USAG-1+/- as well as USAG-1-/- rescue and supernumerary tooth development. Based upon these results, we conclude that USAG-1 functions as an antagonist of BMP-7 in this model system. These results further suggest that the phenotypes of USAG-1 and BMP-7 mutant mice reported provide opportunities for regenerative medicine and dentistry.
ChemInform Abstract: BLOCK AND GRAFT COPOLYMERS BY SELECTIVE CATIONIC INITIATION PART 1, SELECTIVE ALKYLATION WITH TRIALKYLALUMINUMS ON THE CHLORINE OF CHLOROBROMINATED ALKANES (1975)

Abstract In einem Gemisch aus tert.‐Butyl‐bromid und ‐chlorid (Ia) und (Ib) wird bei der Behandlung mit Trimethyl‐ oder Triäthylaluminium (IIa) und (IIb) zunächst das Chloratom zu (III) ausgetauscht, jedoch wird durch das gebildete Dialkylchloraluminium (IV) dann der Brom‐Austausch zu (III) stark katalysiert.
Domain III of the T. thermophilus 23S rRNA folds independently to a near-native state (2012)

The three-dimensional structure of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) reveals a single morphological element, although the 23S rRNA is contained in six secondary structure domains. Based upon maps of inter- and intra-domain interactions and proposed evolutionary pathways of development, we hypothesize that Domain III is a truly independent structural domain of the LSU. Domain III is primarily stabilized by intra-domain interactions, negligibly perturbed by inter-domain interactions, and is not penetrated by ribosomal proteins or other rRNA. We have probed the structure of Domain III rRNA alone and when contained within the intact 23S rRNA using SHAPE (selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension), in the absence and presence of magnesium. The combined results support the hypothesis that Domain III alone folds to a near-native state with secondary structure, intra-domain tertiary interactions, and inter-domain interactions that are independent of whether or not it is embedded in the intact 23S rRNA or within the LSU. The data presented support previous suggestions that Domain III was added relatively late in ribosomal evolution.
Synthetic imaging:?nonadaptive anisoplanatic image correction in atmospheric turbulence (1998)

We introduce a synthetic-imaging technique that can be applied to correct anisoplanatic images degraded by atmospheric turbulence. This method is based on local image-quality analysis applied to a large set of short-exposure images and can be considered a generalization of the frame-selection technique. Experimental results obtained for atmospheric data demonstrate the efficiency of the synthetic-imaging technique in improving image quality.
Inter-Code Interference Canceller for Control Signals Using Cyclic Shift CDMA in LTE Uplink (2011)

This paper proposes an inter-code interference canceller (ICIC) for control signals carried by the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) in the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) uplink using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-precoded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). In the proposed ICIC, a soft interference replica of another cyclic-shifted code channel for data symbols is generated from the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of a posteriori probability (APP) in Max-Log-MAP and a complex fading envelope estimated using reference signals (RSs), and subtracted from the received signal iteratively. We also propose RS multiplexing employing a combination of block spread (BS) and cyclic shift (CS) for two RS symbols within a slot to achieve accurate channel estimation. Computer simulation results show that the proposed ICIC associated with RS multiplexing using a combination of BS and CS is effective in reducing the required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) even for 12 PUCCH multiplexing in frequency-selective fading channel with long delay spread.
Chelate effect on the structure and reactivity of electron-rich palladium complexes and its relevance to catalysis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelate effect on the structure and reactivity of electron-rich palladium complexes and its relevance to catalysisMoshe Portnoy and David MilsteinCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 5, 1655–1664Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/om00029a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views911Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (984 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
MPC on manifolds with an application to SE(3) (2016)

The paper considers formulations of constrained model predictive control (MPC) problems for systems with dynamics defined on smooth manifolds. Generalizations of conventional nonlinear MPC stabilization techniques based on the terminal set and terminal penalty approaches are presented based on recent work by the authors. The significance of the results includes the possibility of systematically generating globally stabilizing, discontinuous, time-invariant feedback laws in situations when smooth, or even continuous, globally stabilizing, time-invariant stabilizers do not exist. To illustrate the development of nonlinear MPC on manifolds, the paper considers an example of a system with dynamics evolving on SE(3). Such systems emerge in many applications, such as quadrotor and quadcopter flight control. In the example, the paper demonstrates semi-global stabilization properties of the nonlinear MPC feedback law.
Preliminary Results of a PWA of the Centrally Produced φφ System (2002)

We present preliminary results of a Partial Wave Analysis of the centrally produced φφ system at 800 GeV/c in the reaction pp → pslow(φφ)pfast. Our preliminary results with one and two M = 0 waves, indicate that most of the cross section can be described by two waves, with JPC LSη = 2++02−1, 0++00−1.
PET and SPECT Applications in Medicine and Pharmacology in Japan (2000)

Nuclear medicine imaging methodology provides a unique capability to non-invasively visualize a regional biochemical and physiological function in living humans by administration of radioactive agents. Therefore, nuclear medicine plays an important role in the diagnostic medicine. In Japan, in vivo nuclear medicine studies are currently carried out in about 1,200 institutions and the number of such studies has increased rapidly until the middle of 1990's,but thereafter a more steady change has been observed. Most of such studies include the SPECT procedures, using(superscript 99m)Tc,201Tland 123I.The bone studies constitute one of the preeminent places in nuclear medical diagnosis performed with(superscript 99m)Tc-HMDP and(superscript 99m)Tc-MDP. Other organs being studied are the heart, tumor and brain. Cardiovascular studies are mainly performed using 201Tl(superscript +),followed by123I-BMIPP,(superscript 99m)Tc-tetrofosmin and(superscript 99m)Tc-MIBI. The advent of 123I-IMP,(superscript 99m)Tc-ECD and(superscript 99m)Tc-HMPAO have promoted brain perfusion studies. For tumor imaging,67Ga-citrateis the primary radiopharmaceutical, although 201Tl(subscript +)is used for lung, brain and thyroid tumor. Presently, liver imaging is being performed less frequently. Along with the growth of SPECT studies,27 cyclotron-PET centers are presently in operation in Japan and four more facilities are under constructions. These PET procedures have also been used for the studies of the brain, heart and tumors. The 18F-labeled agents(18F-FDG,18F-DOPA)are the most frequently utilized, followed by15O-labeled agents(15O2,C^15O,C^15O2,H2 15O),13N-labeledagents(13NH3),and 11C-labeled agents(11C-methionine,-acetate,-N-methyl-spiperone,etc).Furthermore, these imaging techniques are opening up new areas of research in the field of pharmacology, toxicology, gene targeting, pharmaceuticals, etc. They can offer dynamic and real-time information on the in vivo behavior, effectiveness, as well as toxicological aspect of drugs. The relationship between transport into the brain, for example, and its antihistaminic capacity has been evaluated and visualized. Also, the efficiency and safety of psychotropic drugs acting on the neurotransmitter transport system can be provided, should a rapid in-vivo information system become available. To gain a better understanding of the efficiency and safety of drugs, the effect of treatment of psychotropic agents on dopamine receptor and transporter binding has also been investigated using some radioligands and nuclear imaging systems. The powerful imaging approaches can reveal biological phenomena previously hidden and can show the changes occurring in the brain under the effect of drugs.
Coexistence of 802.11ah and 802.15.4g networks (2018)

IEEE 802.11ah and IEEE 802.15.4g are two wireless technologies designed for outdoor IoT applications. Both technologies have communication range up to 1000 meters. Therefore, 802.11ah network and 802.15.4g network are likely to coexist. Our simulation results show that using standard defined coexistence mechanisms, 802.11ah network can severely interfere with 802.15.4g network and lead to significant packet loss in 802.15.4g network. As a result, additional coexistence control mechanisms are needed. Due to asymmetrical features such as modulation scheme and frame structure, 802.11ah devices and 802.15.4g devices cannot perform automatic cooperation. Thus, self-coexistence control techniques are preferred. This paper proposes learning based self-coexistence control techniques for 802.11ah devices to mitigate the interference impact of 802.11ah network on 802.15.4g network. We first present a α-Fairness based energy detection clear channel assessment (ED-CCA) method that enables 802.11ah devices to detect more ongoing 802.15.4g packet transmissions. We then introduce a Q-Learning based backoff mechanism for 802.11ah devices to avoid interfering with 802.15.4g packet transmission process. The proposed coexistence techniques can achieve fair spectrum sharing between 802.11ah network and 802.15.4g network.
<title>Mueller matrix measurements with an out-of-plane polarimetric scatterometer</title> (1992)

This paper reviews a scatterometer capable of measuring scatter throughout most of the sphere surrounding the sample. The instrument can be configured to operate at many different laser wavelengths, or with a broadband source, and at virtually any angle of incidence. Automated polarization control of both source and receiver has been accomplished, which allows calculation of incident and scattered Stokes vectors as well as the Mueller matrix associated with either reflective or transmissive samples. A unique 'no sample' method of instrument calibration and Mueller matrix calculation results in a normalized Mueller noise floor of only +/- 0.003.
Modelling and predicting the biological effects of nanomaterials (2014)

The commercial applications of nanoparticles are growing rapidly, but we know relatively little about how nanoparticles interact with biological systems. Their value--but also their risk--is related to their nanophase properties being markedly different to those of the same material in bulk. Experiments to determine how nanoparticles are taken up, distributed, modified, and elicit any adverse effects are essential. However, cost and time considerations mean that predictive models would also be extremely valuable, particularly assisting regulators to minimize health and environmental risks. We used novel sparse machine learning methods that employ Bayesian neural networks to model three nanoparticle data sets using both linear and nonlinear machine learning methods. The first data comprised iron oxide nanoparticles decorated with 108 different molecules tested against five cell lines, HUVEC, pancreatic cancer, and three macrophage or macrophage-like lines. The second data set comprised 52 nanoparticles with various core compositions, coatings, and surface attachments. The nanoparticles were characterized using four descriptors (size, relaxivities, and zeta potential), and their biological effects on four cells lines assessed using four biological assays per cell line and four concentrations per assay. The third data set involved the biological responses to gold nanoparticles functionalized by 80 different small molecules. Nonspecific binding and binding to AChE were the biological endpoints modelled. The biological effects of nanoparticles were modelled using molecular descriptors for the molecules that decorated the nanoparticle surface. Models with good statistical quality were constructed for most biological endpoints. These proof-of-concept models show that modelling biological effects of nanomaterials is possible using modern modelling methods.
Step-type quantum wells with slightly varied InN composition for GaN-based yellow micro light-emitting diodes (2021)

In this work, we propose adopting step-type quantum wells to improve the external quantum efficiency for GaN-based yellow micro light-emitting diodes. The step-type quantum well is separated into two parts with slightly different InN compositions. The proposed quantum well structure can partially reduce the polarization mismatch between quantum barriers and quantum wells, which increases the overlap for electron and hole wave functions without affecting the emission wavelength. Another advantage is that the slightly decreased InN composition in the quantum well helps to decrease the valence band barrier height for holes. For this reason, the hole injection capability is improved. More importantly, we also find that step-type quantum wells can make holes spread less to the mesa edges, thus suppressing the surface nonradiative recombination and decreasing the leakage current.
Iterative design of emetine‐based prodrug targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV DPPIV using a tandem enzymatic activation strategy (2016)

This FAP activated prodrug of cytotoxic agent emetine further shows the crucial role of the N-2' position of emetine in controlling its cytotoxicity. Significantly reduced toxicity observed in the PrEC cell line in the absence of FAP and DPPIV shows that prodrug 11 could be systemically delivered to regions of metastatic prostate cancer or other solid tumor for activation by cancer selective enzymes within the cancer microenvironment, such as FAP that is overexpressed by the carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. The two-step tandem enzymatic activation of prodrug 11 by FAP and DPPIV is a strategy for overcoming steric hindrance.
Elevated troponin and abnormalities of cardiac structure and function in AL cardiac amyloidosis (2009)

e19524 Background: Patients with systemic amyloidosis involving the heart have generally a poor prognosis. Elevated cardiac troponin (cTn) has been shown to predict poor survival in patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis (CA). However, cardiac structure and function associated with an elevated cTn in patients with CA remains uncertain. Methods: Eighty patients with CA who had an echocardiogram and cTnI measured at the time of diagnosis between March 1997 May 2008 were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: normal cTnI ( &lt;0.06 ng/ml, n = 28) or elevated cTnI (≥0.06 ng/ml; n = 52). Results: The elevated cTnI group was slightly older with higher brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and creatinine clearance than the normal cTnI group. There was a trend towards higher prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) in the elevated cTnI group than the normal group at time of diagnosis. The elevated cTnIgroup had thicker interventricular septum and higher left atrial (LA) volume than the normal group. LV ejection fraction, left atrial systolic force (LASF) and stroke volume were lower in the elevated cTnI group than the normal group. Mean survival was significantly shorter in the elevated cTnI group than the normal group (10 vs. 47 months). Conclusions: Elevated troponin in patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis is associated with worse left atrial and ventricular structure and function. The raised troponin level reflects myocardial injury due to the amyloid deposition and correlates with more abnormal alteration of cardiac structure and function. Routine measurement of troponin is useful in identifying high risk patients with CA. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Reduced Lymphatic Drainage from Hamster Cheek Pouch (1970)

Using a newly constructed, transparent isolation chamber preventing diffusion of India ink to adjacent tissues of the hamster mouth and neck, egression of dye to the regional, ipsilateral, submental lymph nodes takes place, but in a reduced fashion. It is suggested that the so-called “immunologically privileged” character of the hamster cheek pouch is related to a delayed and reduced lymphatic drainage from this site.
MICROVORTEX FOCUSING AND SORTING OF PARTICLES IN MICROCHANNELS (2008)

We report a microvortex manipulator (MVM) that is a passive, and easily scalable platform with great potential for the manipulation and separation of particles and cells in microfluidic environments. The movement of particles is determined by a unique combination of vortex flow, buoyancy and gravity forces. We exploit the behavior of particles in MVM, theoretically illustrate the mechanism of our technique and experimentally demonstrate its applications in focusing, guiding and sorting particles in microchannels.
Healthier Lifestyles Attenuated Association of Single or Mixture Exposure to Air Pollutants with Cardiometabolic Risk in Rural Chinese Adults (2022)

There is little research on how long-term exposure to independent and multiple air pollutants changes cardiometabolic risk in adults. In addition, previous studies focused on only the effect of one or two lifestyles on cardiometabolic risk. The evidence on the interactive effects of the lifestyle score and exposure to independent and mixtures of air pollutants on cardiometabolic risk is lacking. A total of 33,638 rural residents were included in the cross-sectional study. The three-year average concentrations of air pollutants for participants were predicted by using a satellite-based prediction. The air pollution score was created to assess the combined exposure of four air pollutants (PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2). A gender−age-specific cardiometabolic risk score was calculated. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression and quantile g-computation were used to investigate the associations between air pollutants and cardiometabolic risk. Interaction plots were applied to describe the interactive effects of air pollution and the healthy lifestyle score on cardiometabolic risk. Per interquartile range (IQR) unit increases in PM1, PM2.5, PM10, or NO2 were associated with 0.162 (95% CI: 0.091, 0.233), 0.473 (95% CI: 0.388, 0.559), 0.718 (95% CI: 0.627, 0.810), and 0.795 (95% CI: 0.691, 0.898) unit increases in cardiometabolic risk score (all p < 0.05), respectively. A 0.854 (95% CI: 0.768, 0.940) unit increase in cardiometabolic risk was associated with each IQR increase in air pollution score. Furthermore, the strengths of associations of PM1, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and the air pollution score on cardiometabolic risk score were attenuated with the healthy lifestyle score increase. In addition, there was no statistical significance after the lifestyle score equal to four scores for the effect of PM1 on the cardiometabolic risk score. In conclusions, individual or joint air pollutants were associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk. Improving the healthy lifestyle may be an effective method to improve cardiometabolic health in highly polluted rural regions.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Combining a PI3K Inhibitor with a PARP Inhibitor Provides an Effective Therapy for BRCA1-Related Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 71K, In vitro responses of BRCA1-mutant breast cancer cell lines to treatments with NVP-BKM120 (1 muM), Olaparib (10 muM) or their combination. Cells were seeded in quadruplicate in 96-well plates and treated for 7 days as indicated. A. HCC1937 parental cells, B. SUM149 cells, C. HCC1937 cells stably transfected with vector control or a PTEN expression construct (D)&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Tensile Test Specimen Thickness on Deformation Energy for Duplex Stainless Steel (2015)

Effect of specimen thickness on ductile fracture energy for ferrite-austenite duplex stainless steel was investigated by using tensile strain test. It was revealed that both uniform and local deformation energies decreased with the decrease in the specimen thickness. Voids in a thicker specimen can be easily formed at the lower plastic equivalent strain because of the steep increase in the triaxiality. The decrease in the local deformation energy was due to the void growth near the fracture surface depending on the steep increase in the stress triaxiality.