gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding and mitigating High-k induced device width and length dependencies for FinFET replacement metal gate technology (2015)

We identified unique device width and length dependencies of Vt for FinFET Replacement Metal Gate (RMG). Choice of fill metal is important to obtain a flat Vt-Wdes trend. We proposed a new model for Vt-Lg roll-up for High-k last RMG and demonstrated a flat Vt-Lg trend via optimization of High-k and MOL films based on the understanding.
Cancer chemopreventive potential of aromathecins and phenazines, novel natural product derivatives. (2010)

In the search for agents with cancer chemopreventive potential, 14-chloromethyl-12H-5,11a-diazadibenzo[b,h]fluoren-11-one (compound 1), originally synthesized as a potential topoisomerase I inhibitor, and 2,4-dibromo-1-hydroxyphenazine (compound 2), an analog of a substance found in the marine bacteria Streptomyces CNS284, were found to significantly enhance NADP(H):quinone oxidoreductase 1 (QR1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione (GSH) levels in cell culture. However, following a short-term absorption study, analyses of livers from the treatment groups did not reveal a significant increase in QR1 or GST activity, or GSH levels. This was consistent with RT-PCR analyses of tissue samples. The compounds were absorbed, as judged by LC/MS analyses of serum and tissue samples, although levels were well below the concentrations required to mediate in vitro responses. Metabolites of compound 2 formed in vitro by human liver microzones were characterized using high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. In sum, the in vivo activity of these compounds appears to be diminished by low bioavailability, but this experimental approach indicates the importance of systematic biomarker investigation.
Luminescent imidazolium–naphthalene salts in liquid and solid states (2019)

This article describes highly luminescent ionic compounds in liquid and crystalline states, where a naphthalene moiety is conjugated to an imidazolium center decorated with two different lengths of alkyl chains.
Stable nanocrystalline metal alloy coatings with ultra-low wear (2023)

The present invention relates to metal coatings and methods thereof. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to ultra-low wear noble metal alloys, such as for use in electrical contact coatings.
Molecular basis of the counteraction by calcium channel blockers of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity (2018)

Nephrotoxicity is a serious side effect for the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine A(CSA). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of calcium channel blockers such as verapamil or nifedipine ameliorates renal CSA-induced renal dysfunction. Furthermore, our study investigates the roles of inflammatory, oxidative, and fibrotic pathways in CSA-induced renal dysfunction. Six groups of male rats ( n = 6/group) were used and received one of the following treatments for seven consecutive days: vehicle (Cremophor EL ip), CSA (25 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·day<sup>-1</sup> ip), verapamil (2 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·day<sup>-1</sup> ip), nifedipine (3 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·day<sup>-1</sup> ip), CSA in the presence or absence of either verapamil, or nifedipine. Biochemical and histomorphometric analyses showed that rats treated with CSA exhibited clear signs of nephrotoxicity that included 1) proteinuria and elevations in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, 2) mesangial expansion, 3) increases in glomerular and tubular type IV collagen expression, and 4) increases in the glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis indices. Although the single administration of nifedipine or verapamil had no significant effect on renal pathology, or its biochemical and physiological function, the concurrent use of either calcium channel blockers significantly and equipotently ameliorated the biochemical, morphological, and functional derangements caused by CSA. More importantly, we report that the oxidative (reactive oxygen species production, NADPH-oxidase activity, and dual oxidase 1/2 levels), fibrotic (transforming growth factor-β1 expression), and inflammatory (NF-κB expression) manifestations of renal toxicity induced by CSA were significantly reversed upon administration of nifedipine or verapamil. Together, these results highlight the efficacy of calcium channel-blocking agents in attenuating CSA-induced nephrotoxicity and predisposing biochemical and molecular machineries.
Structural Identification of Theaflavin Trigallate and Tetragallate from Black Tea Using Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2012)

Black tea contains two major pigments, theaflavins and thearubigins. These polyphenols have been associated with certain health benefits including prevention of heart disease and cancer. Elucidating and characterizing the structural aspects of thearubigins, the most abundant pigment in black tea, has been a challenge for many years. Therefore further studies of black tea polyphenols must be conducted in effort to solve this thearubigin dispute. In the present study, black tea extract was found to possess theaflavin trigallate and tetragallate by means of liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. These structures were confirmed by analysis of the MS(n) (n = 1-4) spectra and comparison of the MS/MS spectra of the product ions to the MS/MS spectra of authentic (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate. To our knowledge, this is the first report to confirm the presence of theaflavin trigallate and tetragallate in black tea.
Tumor M2-PK and glutaminolytic enzymes in the metabolic shift of tumor cells. (2001)

The pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2-PK is known to be associated with a metabolic shift that is characteristic for tumor cells. Meanwhile, the universal expression of this isoenzyme is the basis for the detection of various tumor diseases in human clinical diagnosis. Other enzymes which are known to be essential for this tumor specific metabolic shift in rat chemical carcinogenesis are the NADP-dependent enzymes malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. To evaluate the role of these enzymes in human carcinogenesis, we compared their enzymatic activities in normal colon mucosa and tissues derived from primary colon tumors. Histochemical staining showed that the enzyme activities were restricted to mucosal colon cells and colon cancer cells. The enzymes were strongly but heterogeneously expressed in the tumor tissues, whereas staining of normal mucosa was weak. Tumor M2-PK showed the most prominent differences in normal colon mucosa and colon cancer cells.
Jointly Optimize Data Augmentation and Network Training: Adversarial Data Augmentation in Human Pose Estimation (2018)

Random data augmentation is a critical technique to avoid overfitting in training deep models. Yet, data augmentation and network training are often two isolated processes in most settings, yielding to a suboptimal training. Why not jointly optimize the two? We propose adversarial data augmentation to address this limitation. The key idea is to design a generator (e.g. an augmentation network) that competes against a discriminator (e.g. a target network) by generating hard examples online. The generator explores weaknesses of the discriminator, while the discriminator learns from hard augmentations to achieve better performance. A reward/penalty strategy is also proposed for efficient joint training. We investigate human pose estimation and carry out comprehensive ablation studies to validate our method. The results prove that our method can effectively improve state-of-the-art models without additional data effort.
Multipoint LDP (mLDP) In-Band Signaling with Wildcards (2015)

There are scenarios in which an IP multicast tree traverses an MPLS
domain. In these scenarios, it can be desirable to convert the IP
multicast tree seamlessly into an MPLS Multipoint Label Switched
Path (MP-LSP) when it enters the MPLS domain, and then to convert it
back to an IP multicast tree when it exits the MPLS domain. Previous
documents specify procedures that allow certain kinds of IP multicast
trees (either Source-Specific Multicast trees or Bidirectional
Multicast trees) to be attached to an MPLS Multipoint Label Switched
Path (MP-LSP). However, the previous documents do not specify
procedures for attaching IP Any-Source Multicast trees to MP-LSPs, nor
do they specify procedures for aggregating multiple IP multicast trees
onto a single MP-LSP. This document specifies the procedures to
support these functions. It does so by defining wildcard encodings
that make it possible to specify, when setting up an MP- LSP, that a
set of IP multicast trees, or a shared IP multicast tree, should be
attached to that MP-LSP. Support for non-bidirectional IP Any-Source
Multicast trees is subject to certain applicability restrictions that
are discussed in this document. This document updates RFCs 6826 and
7246.
Temporal detection in human vision: dependence on stimulus energy (1997)

We have previously proposed and evaluated an economical model of human performance in tasks requiring spatiotemporal signal detection in spatiotemporal noise [Vision Research (to be published)]. The model was successful in describing human psychophysical performance and provides a means for comparing temporal filters (mechanisms) employed under different stimulus conditions. We present investigations into how estimates of temporal mechanisms depend on the contrast energy of the stimulus. Temporal-sensitivity changes result in covariation of the cutoff and peak frequencies of the low-pass and bandpass mechanisms, respectively, with stimulus energy. The results indicate that sensitivity to high temporal frequencies increases as stimulus energy increases, commensurate with extent physiological evidence in cat and primate.
Photoluminescence of Strain-Engineered CdSe/Cd0.5Zn0.5S Core/Shell Colloidal Quantum Dots (2011)

Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed to gain insight into bleaching processes, to determine relative quantum efficiency, temperature dependence of the PL and the contribution of carrier-phonon scattering processes to thermal broadening.
Extending the 3ω method for thin-film analysis to high frequencies (2003)

Although the 3ω method was originally introduced to measure the thermal conductivity of bulk material and was later developed further to include thin-film materials, many thermal and geometrical parameters influence the 3ω signal. We show that several of these parameters can be determined simultaneously from a single 3ω measurement. With the commonly used frequency range, however, some parameter combinations cannot be determined uniquely. To overcome this problem we have developed an electronic setup for measurements from 5 Hz up to 200 kHz. We show numerically and experimentally that we can determine four physical parameters from a single measurement in this frequency range. This makes the 3ω method very suitable for microelectronics and microsensor testing, where physical parameters should ideally be determined by purely electrical measurements.
cGMP Upregulates Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1995)

8-Bromo-guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP), an analogue of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), induced a time- and dose-dependent enhancement of interleukin-1-induced nitric oxide production in vascular smooth muscle cells. Human atrial natriuretic polypeptide, which stimulates cGMP accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells, also enhanced interleukin-1-induced nitric oxide release at a concentration of 100 nmol/L. In contrast, coincubation with 10 mumol/L methylene blue, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, inhibited interleukin-1-induced nitric oxide release from vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, coincubation with 8-Br-cGMP also enhanced the interleukin-1-induced increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the enhancement of nitric oxide production induced by 8-Br-cGMP was significantly prevented by coincubation with neutralizing antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, 8-Br-cGMP enhanced the interleukin-1-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA level in vascular smooth muscle cells. These findings indicate that cGMP may upregulate inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression through the stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in vascular smooth muscle cells. Thus, there may be a positive feedback mechanism between nitric oxide and the cGMP system in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Inefficient Nef-Mediated Downmodulation of CD3 and MHC-I Correlates with Loss of CD4+ T Cells in Natural SIV Infection (2008)

Recent data suggest that Nef-mediated downmodulation of TCR-CD3 may protect SIVsmm-infected sooty mangabeys (SMs) against the loss of CD4+ T cells. However, the mechanisms underlying this protective effect remain unclear. To further assess the role of Nef in nonpathogenic SIV infection, we cloned nef alleles from 11 SIVsmm-infected SMs with high (>500) and 15 animals with low (<500) CD4+ T-cells/microl in bulk into proviral HIV-1 IRES/eGFP constructs and analyzed their effects on the phenotype, activation, and apoptosis of primary T cells. We found that not only efficient Nef-mediated downmodulation of TCR-CD3 but also of MHC-I correlated with preserved CD4+ T cell counts, as well as with high numbers of Ki67+CD4+ and CD8+CD28+ T cells and reduced CD95 expression by CD4+ T cells. Moreover, effective MHC-I downregulation correlated with low proportions of effector and high percentages of naïve and memory CD8+ T cells. We found that T cells infected with viruses expressing Nef alleles from the CD4low SM group expressed significantly higher levels of the CD69, interleukin (IL)-2 and programmed death (PD)-1 receptors than those expressing Nefs from the CD4high group. SIVsmm Nef alleles that were less active in downmodulating TCR-CD3 were also less potent in suppressing the activation of virally infected T cells and subsequent cell death. However, only nef alleles from a single animal with very low CD4+ T cell counts rendered T cells hyper-responsive to activation, similar to those of HIV-1. Our data suggest that Nef may protect the natural hosts of SIV against the loss of CD4+ T cells by at least two mechanisms: (i) downmodulation of TCR-CD3 to prevent activation-induced cell death and to suppress the induction of PD-1 that may impair T cell function and survival, and (ii) downmodulation of MHC-I to reduce CTL lysis of virally infected CD4+ T cells and/or bystander CD8+ T cell activation.
Lernkurve psychomotorischer Fertigkeiten anhand der HNO-Spiegeluntersuchung (2018)

Das Erlernen psychomotorischer Fertigkeiten bildet einen Schwerpunkt in der Ausbildungsbiografie der Medizinstudierenden und der Facharztausbildung insbesondere chirurgischer Fächer.
Formation of Vinyl-, Vinylhalide- or Acyl-Substituted Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers through NHC−Cu-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Additions of Si-Containing Vinylaluminums to β-Substituted Cyclic Enones (2010)

A catalytic method for enantioselective conjugate addition (ECA) of Si-containing vinylaluminum reagents to β-substituted cyclopentenones and cyclohexenones is described. Reactions are promoted by 1.0-5.0 mol % of a bidentate NHC-Cu complex, which is prepared from air-stable CuCl(2)•2H(2)O and used in situ, and typically proceed to completion within 15-20 min. The requisite vinylmetals are generated efficiently by a site-selective hydroalumination of an alkyne with dibal-H. The desired products, containing a quaternary carbon stereogenic center, are obtained in 48-95% yield after purification and in 89:11 to >98:2 enantiomer ratio (er). The vinylsilane moiety within the products can be functionalized to afford acyl, vinyliodide, or desilylated alkenes in 67% to >98% yield and with >90% retention of the alkene's stereochemical identity. The utility of the catalytic process is illustrated in the context of a concise enantioselective synthesis of riccardiphenol B.
22nm High-performance SOI technology featuring dual-embedded stressors, Epi-Plate High-K deep-trench embedded DRAM and self-aligned Via 15LM BEOL (2012)

We present a fully-integrated SOI CMOS 22nm technology for a diverse array of high-performance applications including server microprocessors, memory controllers and ASICs. A pre-doped substrate enables scaling of this third generation of SOI deep-trench-based embedded DRAM for a dense high-performance memory hierarchy. Dual-Embedded stressor technology including SiGe and Si:C for improved carrier mobility in both PMOS and NMOS FETs is presented for the first time. A hierarchical BEOL with 15 levels of copper interconnect including self-aligned via processing delivers high performance with exceptional reliability.
Selective inhibitors of the PSEN1–gamma-secretase complex (2023)

Clinical development of γ-secretases, a family of intramembrane cleaving proteases, as therapeutic targets for a variety of disorders including cancer and Alzheimer's disease was aborted because of serious mechanism-based side effects in the phase III trials of unselective inhibitors. Selective inhibition of specific γ-secretase complexes, containing either PSEN1 or PSEN2 as the catalytic subunit and APH1A or APH1B as supporting subunits, does provide a feasible therapeutic window in preclinical models of these disorders. We explore here the pharmacophoric features required for PSEN1 versus PSEN2 selective inhibition. We synthesized a series of brain penetrant 2-azabicyclo[2,2,2]octane sulfonamides and identified a compound with low nanomolar potency and high selectivity (>250-fold) toward the PSEN1-APH1B subcomplex versus PSEN2 subcomplexes. We used modeling and site-directed mutagenesis to identify critical amino acids along the entry part of this inhibitor into the catalytic site of PSEN1. Specific targeting one of the different γ-secretase complexes might provide safer drugs in the future.
Os romances infanto-juvenis de António Mota (2013)

Neste ensaio, pretende-se estudar os temas e o estilo dos romances para a infância e a juventude de António Mota. Nos livros do autor de Pedro Alecrim, a vida aparece como um permanente e plural desafio, a que cada personagem, a partir da sua individualidade e liberdade, responde enquanto ator que se move num complexo quadro familiar e cultural. A dualidade e a tensão interna das personagens atravessam invariavelmente as narrativas, mas impõe-se sempre uma visão apoteótica da vida. O enunciador, gerindo e respeitando as vozes que dizem a proposição irrefutável de que a vida é difícil e injusta, contrapõe às suas próprias dúvidas e medos uma espécie de utopia: a vida só vale a pena se for a constante invenção de um ideal. A uma desistência ou a um abatimento seguem-se uma reação, um movimento de energia e uma (re)construção.
HOTAIR: a potential metastatic, drug-resistant and prognostic regulator of breast cancer (2023)

HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is an oncogenic non-coding RNA whose expression is strongly correlated with the tumor grade and prognosis of a variety of carcinomas including breast cancer (BC). HOTAIR regulates various target genes via sponging and epigenetic mechanisms and controls various oncogenic cellular and signaling mechanisms including metastasis and drug resistance. In BC cells, HOTAIR expression is regulated by a variety of transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms that govern HOTAIR expression during cancer development and explore how HOTAIR drives BC development, metastasis, and drug resistance. In the final section of this review, we focus on the role of HOTAIR in BC management, therapeutic treatment, and prognosis, highlighting its potential therapeutic applications.
Angiotensin blockade and the progression of renal damage in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (1993)

The pathophysiological role of angiotensin II in the development of renal sclerosis was investigated in 5/6-nephrectomized, 12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats. After 1 week of a control period, nephrectomized rats received one of the following treatments for 4 weeks: the selective nonpeptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist TCV-116 (1 mg/kg per day), the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor delapril (30 mg/kg per day), hydralazine (15 mg/kg per day), or vehicle. Urinary protein and albumin excretions and systolic blood pressure were determined every week. Rats with reduced renal mass treated with vehicle had a poor survival rate (30%). Although TCV-116, delapril, and hydralazine treatment significantly improved the survival rate for 4 weeks, hydralazine failed to improve proteinuria and albuminuria as well as the decline in renal function compared with delapril or TCV-116. Histological examination revealed that both TCV-116 and delapril protected glomeruli from sclerosis, whereas hydralazine did not improve histological findings (5%, 7%, and 30% of glomeruli were affected, respectively). These results indicate that angiotensin II plays a dominant role through its type 1 receptor in the pathogenesis of renal deterioration by hypertension.
Supplementary Video2 from Whole-body PET Imaging of T-cell Response to Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Zr-OX40 DFO-OX40 mAb PET Control, day 5&lt;/p&gt;
Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Short Channel Length Fabricated by Reverse Offset Printing (2011)

We report on the fabrication of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with a reverse-offset-printed Ag metal source/drain (S/D) electrode pattern. The printed electrodes had a channel length of less than 5 μm and resistivity of 3 × 10−6 Ω cm. The OTFTs were fabricated from regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) as the semiconductor and poly(methyl methacrylate) as the gate insulator. The transfer and output characteristics of a top-gate OTFT with a channel length of 5 μm were evaluated. Here we discuss in detail the technological challenges encountered with reverse offset printing and the failure modes.
Relationship Between Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Volumetric Assessment and X-ray Computed Tomography–Derived Single-Slice Measurement of Visceral Fat (2013)

To reduce radiation exposure and cost, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measurement on X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been limited to a single slice. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) application validated against CT to measure VAT volume. The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm to compute single-slice area values on DXA at 2 common landmarks, L2/3 and L4/5, from an automated volumetrically derived measurement of VAT. Volumetric CT and total body DXA were measured in 55 males (age: 21-77 yr; body mass index [BMI]: 21.1-37.9) and 60 females (age: 21-85 yr; BMI: 20.0-39.7). Equations were developed by applying the relationship of CT single-slice area and volume measurements of VAT to the DXA VAT volume measure as well as validating these against the CT single-slice measurements. Correlation coefficients between DXA estimate of single-slice area and CT were 0.94 for L2/3 and 0.96 for L4/5. The mean difference between DXA estimate of single-slice area and CT was 5 cm(2) at L2/3 and 3.8 cm(2) at L4/5. Bland-Altman analysis showed a fairly constant difference across the single-slice range in this study, and the 95% limits of agreement for the 2 methods were -44.6 to +54.6 cm(2) for L2/3 and -47.3 to +54.9 cm(2) for L4/5. In conclusion, a volumetric measurement of VAT by DXA can be used to estimate single-slice measurements at the L2/3 and the L4/5 landmarks.