gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of KP-A159, a Thiazolopyridine Derivative, on Osteoclast Differentiation, Function, and Inflammatory Bone Loss via Suppression of RANKL-Induced MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway (2015)

Abnormally elevated formation and activation of osteoclasts are primary causes for a majority of skeletal diseases. In this study, we found that KP-A159, a newly synthesized thiazolopyridine derivative, inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro, and inflammatory bone loss in vivo. KP-A159 did not cause a cytotoxic response in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), but significantly inhibited the formation of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). KP-A159 also dramatically inhibited the expression of marker genes related to osteoclast differentiation, including TRAP (Acp5), cathepsin K (Ctsk), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dcstamp), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (Mmp9), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1). Moreover, actin ring and resorption pit formation were inhibited by KP-A159. Analysis of the signaling pathway involved showed that KP-A159 inhibited RANKL-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase1/2 (MEK1/2). In a mouse inflammatory bone loss model, KP-A159 significantly rescued lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclast numbers. Therefore, KP-A159 targets osteoclasts, and may be a potential candidate compound for prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
Scaling limits of resistive memories (2011)

This paper is intended to provide an expository, physics-based, framework for the estimation of the performance potential and physical scaling limits of resistive memory. The approach taken seeks to provide physical insights into those parameters and physical effects that define device performance and scaling properties. The mechanisms of resistive switching are based on atomic rearrangements in a material. The three model cases are: (1) formation of a continuous conductive path between two electrodes within an insulating matrix, (2) formation of a discontinuous path of conductive atoms between two electrodes within an insulating matrix and (3) rearrangement of charged defects/impurities near the interface between the semiconductor matrix and an electrode, resulting in contact resistance changes. The authors argue that these three model mechanisms or their combinations are representative of the operation of all known resistive memories. The central question addressed in this paper is: what is the smallest volume of matter needed for resistive memory? The two related tasks explored in this paper are: (i) resistance changes due to addition or removal of a few atoms and (ii) stability of a few-atom system.
Total Elbow Arthroplasty After Resection of Tumors at the Elbow (1999)

Between 1980 and 1993, 13 patients underwent total elbow arthroplasty at the authors' institution after resection of tumors around the elbow. Arc of elbow motion from extension to flexion improved from a preoperative mean of 29 degrees to a postoperative mean of 73 degrees. Pain scores decreased from a preoperative mean of 3.6 to a postoperative mean of 2.0. Three patients had an excellent, six had a good, two had a fair, and two had a poor result. All seven patients with primary tumors had good or excellent results, compared with only two of six patients with metastatic lesions to the elbow. The data from this study suggest total elbow arthroplasty after resection of tumors provides significant pain relief and improvement in function. Patients with metastatic lesions may be candidates for the procedure, especially if all other methods of palliation have been exhausted. However, the results for patients with metastatic lesions may not be satisfactory.
Efficient Noise-Vibration-Harshness Modelling of Servo- and Traction Drives (2016)

This paper advances a system-simulation based universal modelling approach for NVH-simulation of electric drives. The main idea is to use commercial FE-tools for model parametrisation and implement generic reduced electrodynamic and acoustic models in a system-simulation environment. The NVH-calculation itself is done in a system-simulation framework, which can be easily coupled with control and machine models for electric drives. The proposed approach is worked out in detail. As a first example, the simulation procedure is performed for an outrunner traction drive of electrified foldable scooters.
Capillary Electrophoresis (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Principles Electroosmotic Flow (EOF) Separation of Ions Capillary Electrophoretic Ion Chromatography Summary
Pegylated Engineered IL2 plus Anti–PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody: The Nectar Comes from the Combination (2020)

In this issue of <i>Cancer Discovery</i>, Diab and colleagues demonstrate in a phase I trial enrolling 38 patients diagnosed with advanced solid tumors that combining the pegylated IL2 bempegaldesleukin with an anti-PD-1 mAb is safe, with an overall response rate of 59.5%. This compelling clinical activity is supported by the potent immune proliferation and activation of circulating T and natural killer cells with a >4-fold increase in the CD8/regulatory T-cell ratio in tumors, independent of baseline PD-L1 expression.<i>See related article by Diab et al., p. 1158</i>.
Lithographically Patterned Gold/Manganese Dioxide Core/Shell Nanowires for High Capacity, High Rate, and High Cyclability Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage (2012)

We describe the fabrication of arrays of nanowires on glass in which a gold core nanowire is encapsulated within a hemicylindrical shell of manganese dioxide. Arrays of linear gold (Au) nanowires are first prepared on glass using the lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE) method. These Au nanowires have a rectangular cross-section with a width and height of ≈200 and 40 nm, respectively, and lengths in the 1 mm to 1 cm range. Au nanowires are then used to deposit MnO2 by potentiostatic electrooxidation from Mn2+ solution, forming a conformal, hemicylindrical shell with a controllable diameter ranging from 50 to 300 nm surrounding each Au nanowire. This MnO2 shell is δ-phase and mesoporous, as revealed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals that the MnO2 shell is mesoporous (mp-MnO2), consisting of a network of ≈2 nm fibrils. The specific capacitance, Csp, of arrays of gold:mp-MnO2 nanowires is measured using cyclic voltammetry. For a mp-MnO2 shell thickness of 68 ± 3 nm, core:shell nanowires produce a Csp of 1020 ± 100 F/g at 5 mV/s and 450 ± 70 F/g at 100 mV/s. The cycle stability of this Csp, however, is extremely limited in aqueous electrolyte, decaying by >90% in 100 scans, but after oven drying and immersion in dry 1.0 M LiClO4, acetonitrile, dramatically improved cycle stability is achieved characterized by the absence of Csp fade for 1000 cycles at 100 mV/s. Core:shell nanowires exhibit true hybrid energy storage, as revealed by deconvolution of Csp into insertion and noninsertion components.
Continuous-wave mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser focusable to 5 × 10^13??W/cm^2 (1998)

Generation of sub-10-fs pulses with an average power of 1 W and a peak of 1.5 MW from a Kerr-lens mode-locked mirror-dispersion-controlled Ti:sapphire laser is demonstrated. A specially designed lens triplet focuses the output of this compact all-solid-state source to a peak intensity in excess of 5x10(13) W/cm (2) . Nonperturbative nonlinear optics is now becoming feasible by use of the output of a cw mode-locked laser.
Optimal Dissociation Methods Differ for N - and O -Glycopeptides (2020)

Site-specific characterization of glycosylation requires intact glycopeptide analysis, and recent efforts have focused on how to best interrogate glycopeptides using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Beam-type collisional activation, i.e., higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), has been a valuable approach, but stepped collision energy HCD (sceHCD) and electron transfer dissociation with HCD supplemental activation (EThcD) have emerged as potentially more suitable alternatives. Both sceHCD and EThcD have been used with success in large-scale glycoproteomic experiments, but they each incur some degree of compromise. Most progress has occurred in the area of <i>N</i>-glycoproteomics. There is growing interest in extending this progress to <i>O</i>-glycoproteomics, which necessitates comparisons of method performance for the two classes of glycopeptides. Here, we systematically explore the advantages and disadvantages of conventional HCD, sceHCD, ETD, and EThcD for intact glycopeptide analysis and determine their suitability for both <i>N</i>- and <i>O</i>-glycoproteomic applications. For <i>N</i>-glycopeptides, HCD and sceHCD generate similar numbers of identifications, although sceHCD generally provides higher quality spectra. Both significantly outperform EThcD methods in terms of identifications, indicating that ETD-based methods are not required for routine <i>N</i>-glycoproteomics even if they can generate higher quality spectra. Conversely, ETD-based methods, especially EThcD, are indispensable for site-specific analyses of <i>O</i>-glycopeptides. Our data show that <i>O</i>-glycopeptides cannot be robustly characterized with HCD-centric methods that are sufficient for <i>N</i>-glycopeptides, and glycoproteomic methods aiming to characterize <i>O</i>-glycopeptides must be constructed accordingly.
Wavelength-selective thermal meta-emitters for thermophotovoltaic power generation (2023)

In this work, we designed a wavelength-selective thermal meta-emitter consisting of a periodic array of rings. These rings generate localized surface plasmons to provide large emissivity, narrow band, and highly directional thermal radiation. The large emissivity enables large power throughput. The narrow spectrum matches the GaSb PV cell absorption spectrum and thus reduces the power wasted in the cell and increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The collimated emission enables large distance between emitter and cell distance to reduce convectional heating of PV cells. The emitter consists of a thin dielectric layer with an etched ring surface, and this surface is covered with a metal. Thermal emission emerges from the planar side of the dielectric surface when the metal cover is heated by a thermal source. We model different dielectric and metal materials to determine the optimum choice of materials for the meta-emitter. The considered materials are SiC and AlN for dielectric and gold, tungsten, rhodium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, chromium, and platinum for metal. We found that while AlN provides a larger power selectivity, SiC yields a better overall PCE because of the better matched emission spectrum with the GaSb PV cell. For the metal cover, we found that tantalum has the second largest power selectivity after gold. Since gold has a low melting point unsuitable for high temperature TPV operation, tantalum becomes the most suitable material for the meta-emitter.
Combining 1,3‐Ditriazolylbenzene and Quinoline to Discover a New G‐Quadruplex‐Interactive Small Molecule Active against Cancer Stem‐Like Cells (2019)

Quadruplex nucleic acids are promising targets for cancer therapy. In this study we used a fragment-based approach to create new flexible G-quadruplex (G4) DNA-interactive small molecules with good calculated oral drug-like properties, based on quinoline and triazole heterocycles. G4 melting temperature and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-stop assays showed that two of these compounds are selective G4 ligands, as they were able to induce and stabilize G4s in a dose- and DNA sequence-dependent manner. Molecular docking studies have suggested plausible quadruplex binding to both the G-quartet and groove, with the quinoline module playing the major role. Compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines, where 4,4'-(4,4'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,1-diyl))bis(1-methylquinolin-1-ium) (1 d) showed the greater activity. Importantly, dose-response curves show that 1 d is cytotoxic in the human colon cancer HT-29 cell line enriched in cancer stem-like cells, a subpopulation of cells implicated in chemoresistance. Overall, this study identified a new small molecule as a promising lead for the development of drugs targeting G4 in cancer stem cells.
Improvement of Light Extraction Efficiency for AlGaN-Based Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes (2011)

AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with aluminum reflective electrodes deposited to cover both p- and n-mesh contact electrodes have been fabricated. A 1.55-fold increase in light extraction efficiency has been demonstrated. Despite their reduced contact area, the LEDs exhibited only a slight increase in forward voltage of 0.45 V at 20 mA. Also, their 50% lifetime was estimated to be about 10,000 h at 20 mA DC at room temperature by extrapolation. Owing to the reflective electrodes, a 288 nm LED with external quantum efficiency as high as 5.4% was achieved. The light output power was 4.6 mW at 20 mA.
Sequencis - Distributed Application Fault Characteristics Discovery using Service Logs (2021)

Modern cloud-based applications commonly contain multiple services and microservices in a distributed architecture, which makes the debugging and isolation of application faults a challenge. Current available APM tools are intrusive, using instrumentation while impacting application performance and do not combine analysis of KPIs with logs. Logs of distributed cloud applications contain massive amount of data about application behavior and can potentially provide signals and insights for application faults. In this paper we propose Sequencis, a machine learning based automated and non-intrusive solution for discovering distributed application fault characteristics. Sequencis efficiently discerns sequential patterns of large amounts of logged events in distributed services and correlates those patterns with application errors and KPI indications such as high CPU utilization or other faults. Over extensive experiments on several distributed applications, Sequencis demonstrates ability to capture correlations between errors and log sequence patterns including text-based, URLs and SQL query patterns.
A new C,N-cyclometalated osmium(ii) arene anticancer scaffold with a handle for functionalization and antioxidative properties (2018)

A series of six osmium(ii) complexes of the type [(η6-p-cymene)Os(C^N)X] (X = chlorido or acetato) containing benzimidazole C^N ligands with an ester group as a handle for further functionalization have been synthesized. They exhibit IC50 values in the low micromolar range in a panel of cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant cancer cells (approximately 10× more cytotoxic than CDDP in MCF-7), decrease the levels of intracellular ROS and reduce the NAD+ coenzyme, and inhibit tubulin polymerization. This discovery could open the door to a new large family of osmium(ii)-based bioconjugates with diverse modes of action.
Understanding the effect of thermal treatments on the structure of CuAu/SiO2 catalysts and their performance in propene oxidation (2011)

The synthesis and catalytic application of supported CuAu is discussed. Different thermal treatments of a dried precursor of copper nitrate and tetrachloroauric acid on silica lead to catalysts with significantly different structures and properties. Direct calcination gives a catalyst which contains very large gold ensembles with minimal interaction with the copper present. Hydrogen reduction of the dried precursor leads to the formation of copper–gold alloy nanoparticles. Subsequent high temperature calcination de-alloys the copper from the gold to a significant extent. The presence of gold stabilises the formation of Cu+ on this catalyst. The activity and selectivity observed in the oxidation of propene with molecular oxygen, with or without co-fed hydrogen, depends on the pre-treatment, reaction conditions and the ratio of copper to gold in the catalyst. A number of different catalytic active sites are identified and discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Synthesis of 4‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolin‐1‐ones. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improved small‐signal hybrid parameter‐extraction technique for AlGaN / GaN high electron mobility transistors (2021)

An improved hybrid parameter-extraction technique is proposed for the small-signal modeling application in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The capacitance partitioning characteristics of cold pinch-off GaN device with non-field-plate and field-plate structures are reinvestigated and the scanning range of parasitic capacitances Cpg and Cpd is determined. A systematic optimization approach is proposed to obtain the initial values of Cpg and Cpd. By using the global optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization, the reliable parasitic parameters can be acquired based on the proposed error function. The validity of the developed hybrid parameter-extraction method is verified by 2 × 100 μm AlGaN/GaN HEMT with source-connected FP structure from 0.1 to 40 GHz among the 442 biasing points.
The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals (2016)

To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry, and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure-associated loci, of which 17 were new; 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target organ damage in multiple tissues but with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure-related pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classical renal system in blood pressure regulation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Fluorinated Polybenzoxazine Resins Utilizing Octafluorocyclopentene as a Versatile Building Block (2015)

Two new fluorinated diamine-based benzoxazines using octafluorocyclopentene (OFCP) as a building block have been developed. Monomers were synthesized via two distinct synthetic procedures utilizing the facile nucleophilic addition–elimination reaction of OFCP with phenols amenable to a multigram scale-up. The structure elucidation of both monomers was confirmed by 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR, ATR-FTIR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Benzoxazine networks were prepared by a thermally mediated ring-opening polymerization. ATR-FTIR analysis was utilized to monitor the ring-opening reaction of the monomers. The resulting two cured resins exhibit the combined excellent properties of low dielectric constants (k = 3.2–2.6), excellent thermal stability, and high char yields which are suitable for many applications such as flame-resistant materials as well as aerospace and microelectronic industries.
A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration (2019)

Interspecies selectivity between NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in nanofiltration is explained by a simple, intuitive analytical framework.
A Separation Control CFD Validation Test Case (2004)

Low speed flow separation over a wall-mounted hump, and its control using steady suction, were studied experimentally in order to generate a data set for a workshop aimed at validating CFD turbulence models. The baseline and controlled data sets comprised static and dynamic surface pressure measurements, flow field measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and wall shear stress obtained via oil-film interferometry. In addition to the specific test cases studied, surface pressures for a wide variety of conditions were reported for different Reynolds numbers and suction rates. Stereoscopic PIV and oil-film flow visualization indicated that the baseline separated flow field was mainly two- dimensional. With the application of control, some three-dimensionality was evident in the spanwise variation of pressure recovery, reattachment location and spanwise pressure fluctuations. Part 2 of this paper, under preparation for the AIAA Meeting in Reno 2005, considers separation control by means of zero-efflux oscillatory blowing.
Gradient-Domain Image Reconstruction Framework with Intensity-Range and Base-Structure Constraints (2016)

This paper presents a novel unified gradient-domain image reconstruction framework with intensity-range constraint and base-structure constraint. The existing method for manipulating base structures and detailed textures are classifiable into two major approaches: i) gradient-domain and ii) layer-decomposition. To generate detail-preserving and artifact-free output images, we combine the benefits of the two approaches into the proposed framework by introducing the intensity-range constraint and the base-structure constraint. To preserve details of the input image, the proposed method takes advantage of reconstructing the output image in the gradient domain, while the output intensity is guaranteed to lie within the specified intensity range, e.g. 0-to-255, by the intensity-range constraint. In addition, the reconstructed image lies close to the base structure by the base-structure constraint, which is effective for restraining artifacts. Experimental results show that the proposed framework is effective for various applications such as tone mapping, seamless image cloning, detail enhancement, and image restoration.
First Demonstration of a Self-Aligned GaN p-FET (2019)

In this work, we demonstrate a self-aligned p-FET with a GaN/Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> 2Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> 8N (20 nm)/GaN heterostructure grown by metal-organic-chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on Si substrate. Our 100 nm channel length device with recess depth of 70 nm exhibits a record ON-resistance of 400 Ω•mm and ON-current over 5 mA/mm with ON-OFF ratio of 6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> when compared with other p-FET demonstrations based on GaN/AlGaN heterostructure. The device shows E-mode operation with a threshold voltage of −1 V, making it a promising candidate for GaN-based complementary circuit that can be integrated on a Silicon platform. A monolithically integrated n-channel transistor with p-GaN gate is also demonstrated. The potential of the reported p-FET for complementary logic application is evaluated through industry-standard compact modeling and inverter circuit simulation.