gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of gem‐Diiodoalkanes by the Alkylation of Diiodomethane. Scope and Limitations. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effective magnetic moment in cyclodextrin–polynitroxides: potential supramolecular vectors for magnetic resonance imaging (2015)

Hepta-TEMPO β-CD has a molecular effective magnetic moment of 4.2 <italic>μ</italic><sub>B</sub> that is responsible of a NMR relaxivity up to 1.60 mm<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, not far from the values reported for Gd-based contrast agents, thus resulting a promising candidates as non-toxic MRI contrast agents.
The Intraocular Pressure under Deep versus Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade during Low-Pressure Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy in a Randomized Trial (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02109133.
A highly efficient transition metal oxide layer for hole extraction and transport in inverted polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells (2013)

This paper demonstrates a comparative study of transition metal oxide materials, tungsten trioxide (WO3) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), as an effective hole extraction and transport layer in inverted polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. Their device performances as an anode buffer layer are investigated based on thieno[3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene (PTB7) and [6,6]-phenyl C70-butyric acid methyl ester(PC70BM) photoactive layers. The fabricated device with WO3 compared with MoO3 shows improved power conversion efficiency as high as 6.67% under a simulated AM1.5G illumination of 100 mW cm−2. The excellent performance of WO3 in inverted bulk heterojunction solar cells is attributed to an efficient hole extraction, excellent electron blocking capability, smooth morphology as well as better ohmic contact between the active layer and the metal electrode.
Sub-100 nm Triangular Nanopores Fabricated with the Reactive Ion Etching Variant of Nanosphere Lithography and Angle-Resolved Nanosphere Lithography (2004)

Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is combined with reactive ion etching (RIE) to fabricate ordered arrays of in-plane, triangular cross-section nanopores. Nanopores with in-plane widths ranging from 44 to 404 nm and depths ranging from 25 to 250 nm are demonstrated. The combination of angle-resolved nanosphere lithography (AR NSL) and RIE yields an additional three-fold reduction in nanopore size.
Mechanical characterization of PM aluminum composites by small punch test (2018)

In this work Small Punch Test (SPT) was applied to study the mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained Al-Al2O3metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated in situ via powder metallurgy route (HITEMAL®). Such MMCs show attractive mechanical properties, enhanced creep performance and increased thermal stability at elevated temperatures, not normally associated with service of conventional Al alloys, even after prolonged high temperature exposure. MMCs fabricated from two powders of different particle size (d50 = 8.9 and 1.2µm) were evaluated in the present work. SPT was performed at room temperature using disc-shaped specimens of 10 mm in diameter. The effect of the different disc thickness (0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mm) on the load vs. displacement function was evaluated. The displacements monitored from top and bottom sites of the specimen varied during the course of the test. The discs deformed throughout the test by two plastic stages, typical for ductile materials. The relation between load-displacement and stress–strain tensile curves for both composites was analyzed. A drastic change of mechanical behavior between the green compact of cold pressed material and the hot forged material was detected. New methods of determination of a characteristic load PY, which represents a transition from elastic to plastic bending regime were presented and discussed. A relationship between PY and corresponding yield stress was studied for each composite material by a calculation of their respective correlation parameters.
Anti‑inflammatory effects of Daehwangmokdantang, a traditional herbal formulation, in lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages (2017)

Daehwangmokdantang (DHMDT) is a traditional polyherbal formulation that has known antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the underlying mechanisms of these activities are poorly understood. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of DHMDT on the production of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were investigated. The inhibitory effects of DHMDT on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E<sub>2</sub>, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production were examined using Griess reagent and ELISA detection kits. The effects of DHMDT on the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, IL-1β and TNF-α, and their upstream signal proteins, including nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt), a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) downstream effector, were investigated using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed the pretreatment with DHMDT significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO, PGE<sub>2</sub>, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and expression of iNOS, COX-2 TNF-α, and IL-1β, without any significant cytotoxicity. DHMDT also efficiently prevented the translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65 into the nucleus by interrupting the activation of the upstream mediator inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α/β. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of DHMDT were associated with the suppression of LPS-induced phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that DHMDT exhibited anti-inflammatory activity via the inhibition of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, in which the inactivation of NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and MAPKs may be involved. These results suggest that DHMDT may be a potential anti-inflammatory drug candidate.
Virologic effects of broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 administration during chronic HIV-1 infection (2015)

Passive immunization with HIV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is being considered for prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection. As therapeutic agents, mAbs could be used to suppress active virus replication, maintain suppression induced by antiretroviral therapy (ART), and/or decrease the size of the persistent virus reservoir. We assessed the impact of VRC01, a potent human mAb targeting the HIV-1 CD4 binding site, on ART-treated and untreated HIV-1-infected subjects. Among six ART-treated individuals with undetectable plasma viremia, two infusions of VRC01 did not reduce the peripheral blood cell-associated virus reservoir measured 4 weeks after the second infusion. In contrast, six of eight ART-untreated, viremic subjects infused with a single dose of VRC01 experienced a 1.1 to 1.8 log10 reduction in plasma viremia. The two subjects with minimal responses to VRC01 were found to have predominantly VRC01-resistant virus before treatment. Notably, two subjects with plasma virus load <1000 copies/ml demonstrated virus suppression to undetectable levels for over 20 days until VRC01 levels declined. Among the remaining four subjects with baseline virus loads between 3000 and 30,000 copies, viremia was only partially suppressed by mAb infusion, and we observed strong selection pressure for the outgrowth of less neutralization-sensitive viruses. In summary, a single infusion of mAb VRC01 significantly decreased plasma viremia and preferentially suppressed neutralization-sensitive virus strains. These data demonstrate the virological effect of this neutralizing antibody and highlight the need for combination strategies to maintain virus suppression.
m T-shaped Gate 2DEGFET's with an Short Period Superlattice Channel on a GaAs Substrate (1990)

The (InAs)l(GaAs), short period superlattice (SPS) channel 2DEGFET’s with 0.2pm T-Shaped gates have been successfully fabricated for the first time, and DC and RF performances of the superlattice channel devices have been investigated. Compared to conventional InGaAs alloy channel devices, excellent results in both DC and RF characteristics have been obtained for the SPS channel devices. The dependence of the layer index n for (InAs)l(GaAs), on device performances has been also investigated. The (1nAs)l (GaAs)( channel samples have shown higher cut-off frequencies as well as superior noise performances compared to the (InAs)l(GaAs)s channel samples. The best noise figure of 0.55dB with an associated gain of 11.26dB has been obtained at I2GHz. The superior performances obtained are due to the improved electron transport properties of (InAs)l(GaAs), SPS compared to those of InGaAs alloy. These results indicate the great potential of SPS channel structures for high frequency low noise device applications.
Structure‐activity relationships of diacetylene‐based LpxC inhibitors (2012)

The LpxC enzyme in the lipid A biosynthesis pathway is one of most promising and yet clinically unexploited antibiotic targets for the treatment of multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative infections. Unfortunately, extant LpxC inhibitors typically display large variations in potency against different Gram‐negative pathogens. Recently, structural studies in our laboratory revealed that significant structural variations exist among diverse LpxC orthologs. When LpxC orthologs bind to LPC‐009 inhibitor, the vicinity of the active site displays large conformational variations, creating different morphologies of the substrate‐binding hydrophobic passage. The LPC‐009 inhibitor whose pliable diacetylene scaffold is essential for its broad‐spectrum inhibition overcomes structural variations in the hydrophobic passages of LpxC orthologs. To further improve potency and antibiotic profiles of LPC‐009, a series of diacetylene‐based derivatives were designed from the lead compound LPC‐009, synthesized and evaluated for antibiotic profiles against diverse Gram‐negative pathogens. In addition, the crystal structures of LpxC in complex with newly designed LpxC inhibitors provide insights for structure‐activity relationships and future structure‐based optimization of LpxC inhibitors. This research was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants AI055588 (to P.Z.) and GM‐51310 (to C.RH.R).
Neighboring group participation in the pyrrole series (1983)

With use of proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy of deuterium- and carbon-13-labeled substrates, the transformation of certain (2-hydroxyethyl)pyrroles (4,18, 21) into the corresponding (2-haloethyl)pyrroles (using thionyl chloride/pyridine or triphenylphosphine/carbon tetrabromide) is shown to proceed with scrambling of the two carbons in the side chain. The mechanism is proposed to involve neighboring group participation by the pyrrole nucleus to give an ethylenepyrrolonium ion, 17. When a nuclear ester is conjugated with the carbon bearing the hydroxyethyl side chain and the adjacent peripheral β position is unsubstituted (e.g., pyrrole 25), the transformation into (2-chloroethyl)pyrrole 26 proceeds without scrambling. In contrast, the β-methylpyrrole 21 was transformed into a mixture of (2-chloroethyl)pyrroles (33 and 34) when treated with thionyl chloride/pyridine. Using carbon-13-enriched porphyrins, conversion of (2-hydroxyethyl)porphyrins into the corresponding 2-chloroethyl derivatives is shown to take place without scrambling of the side-chain carbons and therefore without anchimeric assistance by the porphyrin nucleus. © 1983, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Disturbances of small-field horizontal and vertical optokinetic nystagmus in amblyopia. (1980)

Horizontal and vertical small-field optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were examined in persons with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia. Reduced velocity for the slow phase of OKN driven by temporalward and upward target motion presented monocularly was observed in both the amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes of some subjects. Several experiments were conducted in search of a sensory disturbance of perceived motion sensitivity which could account for the abnormal OKN. Comparisons between the frequency response for OKN and the contrast sensitivity function for perceived motion revealed that amblyopes with asymmetric OKN had equal sensitivity to nasal and temporal target motion. Contrast thresholds for driving the temporal slow phase of OKN were elevated by over 1 log unit above contrast thresholds for perceived temporal target motion, whereas contrast thresholds for stimulating nasal movement and driving the nasalward slow phase of OKN were equal. Contrast sensitivity to nasal and temporal target motion was symmetrical at the fovea and parafovea of the amblyopic eye. These studies did not reveal a sensory a /mso observed in both eyes of persons with congenital strabismus without amblyopia and in the nondeprived eye in monocular congenital cataract. These observations suggest a relationship between directional asymmetries of OKN and the incomplete development of binocular vision.
Hfe : une molécule à l’interface entre immunité et métabolisme du fer ? (2006)

International audience
Designing Digital Computer Systems with Verilog (2004)

This book serves both as an introduction to computer architecture and as a guide to using a hardware description language (HDL) to design, model and simulate real digital systems. The book starts with an introduction to Verilog - the HDL chosen for the book since it is widely used in industry and straightforward to learn. Next, the instruction set architecture (ISA) for the simple VeSPA (Very Small Processor Architecture) processor is defined - this is a real working device that has been built and tested at the University of Minnesota by the authors. The VeSPA ISA is used throughout the remainder of the book to demonstrate how behavioural and structural models can be developed and intermingled in Verilog. Although Verilog is used throughout, the lessons learned will be equally applicable to other HDLs. Written for senior and graduate students, this book is also an ideal introduction to Verilog for practising engineers.
Cost of Scaling (2003)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Congenital myopathy is caused by mutation of HACD1 (2013)

Congenital myopathies are heterogeneous inherited diseases of muscle characterized by a range of distinctive histologic abnormalities. We have studied a consanguineous family with congenital myopathy. Genome-wide linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous non-sense mutation in 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1 (HACD1) in affected individuals. The mutation results in non-sense mediated decay of the HACD1 mRNA to 31% of control levels in patient muscle and completely abrogates the enzymatic activity of dehydration of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, the third step in the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). We describe clinical findings correlated with a deleterious mutation in a gene not previously known to be associated with congenital myopathy in humans. We suggest that the mutation in the HACD1 gene causes a reduction in the synthesis of VLCFAs, which are components of membrane lipids and participants in physiological processes, leading to congenital myopathy. These data indicate that HACD1 is necessary for muscle function.
Formation of surface cobalt structures in SiC-supported Fischer–Tropsch catalysts (2015)

The formation of surface cobalt structures was investigated for a number of β-SiC-supported Fischer–Tropsch catalysts.
Tracing Human IgE B Cell Antigen Receptor-Bearing Cells With a Monoclonal Anti-Human IgE Antibody That Specifically Recognizes Non-Receptor-Bound IgE (2021)

Up to 30% of the population suffers from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergies. Despite current stepwise gating approaches, the unambiguous identification of human IgE-producing cells by flow cytometry and immunohistology remains challenging. This is mainly due to the scarcity of these cells and the fact that IgE is not only expressed in a membrane-bound form on the surface of IgE-producing cells in form of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), but is more frequently found on various cell types bound to the low and high affinity receptors, CD23 and FcϵRI, respectively. Here we sought to develop a sequential gating strategy for unambiguous detection of cells bearing the IgE BCR on their surface. To that aim we first tested the monoclonal anti-IgE antibody omalizumab for its ability to discriminate between IgE BCR and receptor-bound IgE using cells producing IgE or bearing IgE bound to CD23 as well as basophils exhibiting FcϵRI receptor-bound IgE. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated that omalizumab recognized IgE producing cells with a high sensitivity of up to 1 IgE<sup>+</sup> cell in 1000 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These results were confirmed by confocal microscopy both in cell suspensions as well as in nasal polyp tissue sections. Finally, we established a consecutive gating strategy allowing the clear identification of class-switched, allergen-specific IgE<sup>+</sup> memory B cells and plasmablasts/plasma cells in human PBMCs. Birch pollen specific IgE<sup>+</sup> memory B cells represented on average 0.734% of total CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells in allergic patients after allergen exposure. Thus, we developed a new protocol for exclusive staining of non-receptor bound allergen-specific IgE<sup>+</sup> B cell subsets in human samples.
Mechanical Energy Storage in Carbon Nanotube Springs (1999)

Compression of purified, unoriented, highly crystalline single-wall carbon nanotube material reveals an exceptionally large and reversible volume reduction. Density increases rapidly with increasing pressure, approaching that of graphite, and recovers completely upon pressure release. The reversible work done in compressing to 29 kbar is $0.18\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{C}$ atom. We attribute this effect to crushing, or flattening the tube cross section from circular to elliptical.
A Tightly Coupled Inductive Power Transfer System for Low-Voltage and High-Current Charging of Automatic Guided Vehicles (2018)

This paper proposes a tightly coupled inductive power transfer (IPT) system for the low-voltage and high-current charging of automatic guided vehicles (AGVs). There are two challenges in the system design. First, the widely varying range of the airgap introduces difficulties to design the compensation circuit. Second, the low-voltage and high-current working condition introduces difficulties to maintain the system efficiency. This paper reveals that there are a large amount of high-order harmonic currents in a tightly coupled IPT system, and we have provided an effective design method to reduce the harmonics. The integrated LCC compensation circuit is selected as a solution, showing four merits: good robustness to the airgap variation, easy controllability, convenience to optimize the efficiency, and low high-order harmonics. A prototype is implemented, and the magnetic coupler size is 220 × 200 × 10 mm. Experimental results show that it achieves 1.78 kW power transfer from a 300 V dc source to a 24 V battery with 86.1% efficiency and a 73.8 A charging current across an airgap of 15 mm. When the airgap varies between 5 and 25 mm, the system power variation is within ±36.7% and the efficiency is not significantly affected.
Synthesis of 4-Methylumbellifer-7-yl-alpha-D-Mannopyranoside: An Introduction to Modern Glycosylation Reactions (2002)

The present work is aimed at introducing fourth-year organic chemistry students to glycochemistry and in particular to the diastereocontrolled synthesis of glycosides. In this context, we have elaborated a hemisynthetic work starting from carbohydrates easily available as natural renewable resources using a modern approach to glycosylation. These reactions led the instructors to highlight how the anomeric center of a glycosyl donor is able to be activated and the role of protecting groups that stabilizes the cationic intermediate and so controls the formation of the new glycosidic linkage. In practice, students are induced to perform successively: (1) a selective deacetylation under mild conditions, (2) the activation of the resulting free hydroxyl that yields an anomeric trichloroacetimidate, (3) the mannosylation of a natural coumarin, and (4) a final deprotection step. This sequence leads to an aromatic glycoside which has potential for biological applications since some inhibition properties have already been established. Consequently, this experiment is suitable to demonstrate the connection between chemistry and life sciences.
Sustainable Polymers in the Organic Chemistry Laboratory: Synthesis and Characterization of a Renewable Polymer from δ-Decalactone and l-Lactide (2013)

The importance of green syntheses and sustainable polymers is highlighted in a new experiment developed for incorporation into the introductory organic chemistry laboratory curriculum. δ-Decalactone, a naturally occurring cyclic ester used by the food and flavor industry for its coconut fragrance and taste, is polymerized under acidic conditions with a diol initiator. The solvent-free, room-temperature reaction conditions result in a viscous homopolymer from which the catalyst is easily removed. Subsequent chain extension of this homopolymer with the renewable monomer l-lactide, followed by purification, isolation, and annealing in an aluminum pan, affords a block copolymer product as a transparent, flexible film. Well-resolved resonances in the 1H NMR spectrum of the individual polymer repeat units facilitate quantitative analysis of polymer composition and molecular weight determination. This experiment introduces students to structures and fundamental concepts of polymer chemistry and exemplifies modern advances in sustainable materials.
Microfluidics-Assisted Size Tuning and Biological Evaluation of PLGA Particles (2019)

Polymeric particles made up of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are promising tools for several biomedical applications including drug delivery. Particular emphasis is placed on the size and surface functionality of these systems as they are regarded as the main protagonists in dictating the particle behavior in vitro and in vivo. Current methods of manufacturing polymeric drug carriers offer a wide range of achievable particle sizes, however, they are unlikely to accurately control the size while maintaining the same production method and particle uniformity, as well as final production yield. Microfluidics technology has emerged as an efficient tool to manufacture particles in a highly controllable manner. Here, we report on tuning the size of PLGA particles at diameters ranging from sub-micron to microns using a single microfluidics device, and demonstrate how particle size influences the release characteristics, cellular uptake and in vivo clearance of these particles. Highly controlled production of PLGA particles with ~100 nm, ~200 nm and &amp;gt;1000 nm diameter is achieved through modification of flow and formulation parameters. Efficiency of particle uptake by dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells isolated from mice is strongly correlated with particle size and is most efficient for ~100 nm particles. Particles systemically administered to mice mainly accumulate in liver and ~100 nm particles are cleared slower. Our study shows the direct relation between the particle size varied through microfluidics and the pharmacokinetics behavior of particles, which provides a further step towards the establishment of a customizable production process to generate tailor-made nanomedicines.