gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Route to the Tulearin Class of Macrolactones: Synthesis of a Stereoisomer of Tulearin A (2009)

A versatile synthetic approach to the tulearin class of macrolactones has been developed and deployed to make a stereoisomer of tulearin A. The knowledge gained about structure and synthesis will expedite the assignment of the stereostructure of this new anticancer agent.
George I. Gorodeski, MD, PhD: 2005-2006 NAMS President (2005)

Professor of Reproductive Biology, Oncology, and Physiology and Biophysics at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and a full-time faculty member in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of University MacDonald Women's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, both in Cleveland, OH. George I. Gorodeski, MD, PhD, has been elected President of The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) for the 2005-2006 term. The election took place during the 16th Annual NAMS Meeting in San Diego, CA, held September 28 to October 1, 2005.
Passively acquired membrane proteins alter the functional capacity of bovine polymorphonuclear cells (2006)

We have previously shown that bovine polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) have an impressive capacity to passively acquire membrane lipids and proteins from apoptotic cells. The present study used confocal microscopy to analyze the interaction between PMNs and a variety of donor cells, and assays were used to determine if passively acquired membrane proteins altered PMN biology. Confocal microscopy revealed that direct cell-cell contact and microparticles shed by donor cells may be a source of passively acquired membranes and integral membrane proteins, which then integrate into the PMN plasma membrane. Donor cells expressing green fluorescent protein in their cytoplasm were also used to demonstrate the transfer of cytoplasmic proteins from donor cells to PMNs. The functional consequences of passive membrane protein acquisition by PMNs were then investigated using two distinct systems. First, PMNs were incubated with membranes isolated from an adenovirus-permissive cell line, and this passive transfer of cell membranes significantly increased adenovirus infection of PMNs. Second, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules were passively transferred from ovine B cells to bovine PMNs, and PMNs with ovine MHC class II on their surface were able to induce a proliferative response and increased cytokine gene expression in alloreactive bovine T cell lines. In conclusion, passively acquired membrane proteins integrated into the plasma membrane of bovine PMNs and altered the functional capacity of these cells.
Complement Components and Complement Activation in Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (1979)

Serial samples from 40 patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (AGN) were studied. Early in the disease, all patients showed decreased C3, and C5 and/or properdin values were low in 91%. The concentrations of C1q, C1s, C2, C4 and factor B were largely normal or increased. Concluding from determinations of C-reactive protein, orosomucoid and α&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-antitrypsin, complement component levels were influenced by an acute-phase reaction related to infection preceding AGN. Increased amounts in serum of α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-complexes composed of C1r, C1s and C1 inactivator proteins in 83% and moderately reduced C2 in 23% of the patients gave evidence of classical pathway activation during the early phase of AGN. Early in the disease, C3-cleaving activity in serum was found in 72%. The activity was heat-labile and produced C3 cleavage in serum chelated with Mg&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt; EGTA and in some cases also in the presence of EDTA. The findings suggested that complement activation early in AGN proceeds mainly by an alternative pathway mechanism. In 2 patients, activation of the classical pathway occurred fairly late in the disease and was then associated with the transient appearance of heat-stable C3-cleaving activity in serum. Serial measurements of C1q-binding substances were not clearly informative as to the role of circulating immune complexes in AGN.
Molecular and immunohistochemical analyses of cardiac troponin T during cardiac development in the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum (2008)

Abstract The article to which this erratum refers was published in J. Cell. Biochem. 100:1–15. (2007), 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
<title>Precision polarimetry of optical components (Invited Paper)</title> (1992)

Polarization elements at present are inadequately characterized for many applications. For retarders, usually only the retardance is specified. For polarizers, usually only the two principal transmittances or the extinction ratio are given. For polarization elements used in critical applications, this level of characterization is woefully inadequate. Defects of polarization elements are described, and appropriate performance measures suggested. Examples of the characterization of polarization elements as a function of angle of incidence, and as a function of wavelength are provided.
A mitogenic peptide amide encoded within the E peptide domain of the insulin-like growth factor IB prohormone. (1992)

We have identified an amino acid sequence within the E peptide of the insulin-like growth factor IB (IGF-IB) precursor that is biologically active and designated this peptide insulin-like growth factor IB-(103-124) E1 amide (IBE1). Its existence was predicted by a flanking Gly-Lys-Lys-Lys, a signal sequence for sequential proteolytic cleavage and peptidyl C-terminal amidation. A synthetic analog of the predicted IBE1 peptide, designated Y-23-R-NH2, was generated with tyrosine added at position 0. This peptide at 2-20 nM had growth-promoting effects on both normal and malignant human bronchial epithelial cells. Y-23-R-NH2 bound to specific high-affinity receptors (Kd = 2.8 +/- 1.4 x 10(-11) M) present at 1-2 x 10(4) binding sites per cell. Ligand binding was not inhibited by recombinant insulin or recombinant IGF-I. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody antagonist to the IGF-I receptor (alpha IR3) did not suppress the proliferative response induced by Y-23-R-NH2. In addition, C-terminal amidation was shown to be important in receptor recognition since the free-acid analog of IBE1 (Y-23-R-OH) did not effectively compete for binding and was not a potent agonist of proliferation. Immunoblot analysis of human lung tumor cell line extracts using an antibody raised against Y-23-R-NH2 detected a low molecular mass band of approximately 5 kDa, implying that a protein product is produced that has immunological similarity to IBE1. Extracts of human, mammalian, and avian livers analyzed on an immunoblot with the anti-Y-23-R-NH2 antibody contained proteins of approximately 21 kDa that were specifically recognized by the antiserum and presumably represent an IGF-I precursor molecule. This implies that in species where an IGF-I mRNA with homology to the human IGF-IB E domain has not yet been described, an alternate mRNA must be produced that contains a sequence similar to that of the midportion of the human IGF-IB E domain. Our findings demonstrate that IBE1 is a growth factor that mediates its effect through a specific high-affinity receptor and is most likely conserved in many species.
Investigation Into the Mechanical Properties of Rapid Manufacturing Materials (2002)

During the past few years, there has been a move to convert Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes into Rapid Manufacturing (RM) machines to produce end-use parts for different industries. However, in order to make Rapid Manufacturing possible, there is a need for designers to have comprehensive information relating to the mechanical properties of new materials at different intervals of ageing, temperature and humidity. This is in order for them to have confidence in specifying the materials in their designs. This paper will discuss the progress of the Design for Rapid Manufacture project that is currently being undertaken at Loughborough University, and give details of the mechanical properties of new range of Stereolithography (SL) materials that are currently being extensively evaluated.
Rice breeding in the new era: Comparison of useful agronomic traits (2021)

Understanding agronomic traits at a genetic level enables the leveraging of this knowledge to produce crops that are more productive and resilient, have better quality and are adjusted for consumer preferences. In the last decade, rice has become a model to validate the function of specific genes, resulting in valuable but scattered information. Here, we aimed to identify particular genes in rice related to traits that can be targeted by different mutation techniques in the breeding of crops. We selected gain of function, misfunction, and specific mutations associated with phenotypes of agronomic interest. The review includes specific trait-related genes involved in domestication, stress, herbicide tolerance, pathogen resistance, grain number/quality/weight, plant structure, nitrogen use, and others. The information presented can be used for rice, other cereals, and orphan crops to achieve a superior and sustainable production in challenging farming conditions.
The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Sub-millimetre Telescope (2001)

The Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Sub-millimetre Telescope (BLAST) will operate on a Long Duration Balloon platform with large format bolometer arrays at 250, 350 and 500 microns, initially using a 2m mirror, with plans to increase to 2.5m. BLAST is a collaboration between scientists in the USA, Canada, UK, Italy and Mexico. Funding has been approved and it is now in its building phase. The test flight is scheduled for 2002, with the first long duration flight the following year. The scientific goals are to learn about the nature of distant extragalactic star forming galaxies and cold pre-stellar sources by making deep maps both at high and low galactic latitudes. BLAST will be useful for planning Herschel key projects which use SPIRE.
An Examination of the Site and Mechanism of Action of Torasemide in Man (1988)

Acute clearance studies were performed in normal subjects to determine the site and mechanism of action of torasemide (isopropyl-1-methyl-3 phenylamino-4 pyridil-3 sulphonyl-3-urea), a new diuretic agent, in the human kidney. The drug caused no change in glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow. Sodium excretion rose to 16% of filtered load, whereas there was a chloriuresis of 23%. During maximal water diuresis, the drug caused an increase in urine flow rate and a decrease in solute-free water clearance. Administration of the drug during hypertonic saline infusion into hydropenic subjects resulted in a marked decrease in water reabsorption from the collecting duct. Torasemide caused no change in phosphate excretion or in the percentage of filtered bicarbonate excreted, nor was urinary pH or net hydrogen ion excretion affected by the drug. The data suggest that the primary site of action of torasemide is the medullary portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
Structure of the (1/1) complex cis-3-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(N-methylpropionamido)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan–(2H6)acetone, C19H21NO5.C3D6O (1984)

Mr=407.49, triclinic, P1, a=7.263 (3), b=15.272(4), c=10.051(3)A, ct=103.90(1), fl =81.23 (1), y=88.53 (1) °, V= 1067.3 (6)A3, Z= 2, D x = 1.268 (1) gcm -3, ,;(.(Cu Ka) = 1.54178/k, /t = 7.11 cm -l, F(000) = 428, T = 293 K, final R = 0.045 for 3039 independent observed reflections. The N- methylpropionamido and hydroquinone substituents situated at adjacent C atoms of the dihydrofuryl ring are almost eclipsed. The system of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal lattice consists of three types, two of which bond pairs of enantiomeric molecules into aggregates. The third type involves the acetone molecule. The aggregates form chains parallel to (0111 in the crystal. Introduction. Several dihydrobenzofuran as well as hydroquinone derivatives (MacNicol, McKendrick & Wilson, 1978; Helgeson, Lauer & Cram, 1983) are reported to have complexing properties for some organic molecules in the solid state. Similar properties were found recently (Kozerski, 1981) for some de- rivatives of 3-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)benzo(blfuran. They are chemically close to the dianine derivatives which in the solid state form hexahost cavities able to trap one or two simple guest molecules (MacNicol et al., 1978). The title compound (I) is one of a series for which the complexing ratio of 11 was postulated on the basis of * Molecular Structures and Inclusion Properties of Some Benzo- furan Derivatives. III. Part II: Urbaficzyk-Lipkowska, Krajewski, Gluzifiski, Kozerski & Czugler (I 982).
Live Texturing of Augmented Reality Characters from Colored Drawings (2015)

Coloring books capture the imagination of children and provide them with one of their earliest opportunities for creative expression. However, given the proliferation and popularity of digital devices, real-world activities like coloring can seem unexciting, and children become less engaged in them. Augmented reality holds unique potential to impact this situation by providing a bridge between real-world activities and digital enhancements. In this paper, we present an augmented reality coloring book App in which children color characters in a printed coloring book and inspect their work using a mobile device. The drawing is detected and tracked, and the video stream is augmented with an animated 3-D version of the character that is textured according to the child's coloring. This is possible thanks to several novel technical contributions. We present a texturing process that applies the captured texture from a 2-D colored drawing to both the visible and occluded regions of a 3-D character in real time. We develop a deformable surface tracking method designed for colored drawings that uses a new outlier rejection algorithm for real-time tracking and surface deformation recovery. We present a content creation pipeline to efficiently create the 2-D and 3-D content. And, finally, we validate our work with two user studies that examine the quality of our texturing algorithm and the overall App experience.
On Fast Optimal STDMA Scheduling over Fading Wireless Channels (2009)

Most prior studies on wireless spatial-reuse TDMA (STDMA) link scheduling for throughput optimization deal with the situation where instantaneous channel state information (CSI) is available. Under fast fading, however, the channel may change too quickly for the scheduler to track the instantaneous CSI. In this paper, instead of the instantaneous CSI, the scheduler performs its task according to the stochastic behavior of the channel state. A basic schedule consists of a set of simultaneously transmitting links. The essence of the scheduling problem is to determine a mixed schedule consisting of a weighted sum (TDMA mixture) of a number of basic schedules to optimize a certain utility objective. A key to reducing scheduling complexity is to identify the Pareto-efflcient basic schedules, referred to as the extreme-point schedules, so that the construction of the optimal mixed schedule can be based on the extreme-point schedules rather than all the basic schedules. The precise identification of the extreme-point schedules, however, is intractable computationally. We show in this paper that identifying a slightly larger superset of the extreme-point schedules can be highly efficient using a Perron-Frobenius condition: simulation experiments indicate that oftentimes there are only very few extraneous non-extreme-point schedules in the superset. Building on the effective identification method, we propose a fast scheduling algorithm. This algorithm beats the algorithm without using the identification method by a complexity-reduction factor of 166 in a 15-link network. In addition, numerical results suggest that our algorithm is robust to variations of system parameters.
Dislocation of the Sacroiliac Joint Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1986)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects the articular surfaces and the ligamentous supporting structures of synovial-lined joints. In approximately one-fourth of the patients with RA, the sacroiliac joints demonstrate radiographie changes of subchondral bony erosions and articular destruction, as well as an-kylosis. Subluxation or dislocation of the sacroiliac joint usually is associated with significant trauma to the pelvis. Nontraumatic disruption of the sacroiliac joint is a rare occurrence, but it should be considered in evaluating a patient with longstanding RA, sacroiliac joint tenderness, and radiating lower extremity symptoms.
Analysis of green noise error diffusion (2009)

Unlike blue-noise halftone patterns which are composed of isolated pixels, green noise patterns are composed of pixel-clusters. This makes green noise halftones robust to printer distortions due to the poor isolated pixel reproduction. Levien modified error diffusion by adding a hysteresis filter that feeds a filtered version of the past outputs into the quantizer input in classic error diffusion in order to promote dot-clustering. The patterns produced by the Levien algorithm were analyzed by Lau, Arce and Galagher who coined the term ¿green-noise¿ since the pattern power spectrum was mid-frequency rather than high-frequency (characteristic of ¿blue-noise¿ halftones). However no work has been done to study Leviens algorithm directly in the frequency domain and understand why it works as a green-noise generator. In this paper we will first analyze the Levien green noise error diffusion based on the gain model proposed by Kite et al.. We isolate the noise shaping behavior of the Levien algorithm in the frequency domain and show that it indeed shapes noise into the mid-frequency regions. We then develop two new green noise generators from frequency domain considerations by first by modifying how the error term is computed in conventional error diffusion and then by replacing the error filter in conventional error diffusion by an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter.
Detailed Analysis of Sequence Changes Occurring during vlsE Antigenic Variation in the Mouse Model of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection (2009)

Lyme disease Borrelia can infect humans and animals for months to years, despite the presence of an active host immune response. The vls antigenic variation system, which expresses the surface-exposed lipoprotein VlsE, plays a major role in B. burgdorferi immune evasion. Gene conversion between vls silent cassettes and the vlsE expression site occurs at high frequency during mammalian infection, resulting in sequence variation in the VlsE product. In this study, we examined vlsE sequence variation in B. burgdorferi B31 during mouse infection by analyzing 1,399 clones isolated from bladder, heart, joint, ear, and skin tissues of mice infected for 4 to 365 days. The median number of codon changes increased progressively in C3H/HeN mice from 4 to 28 days post infection, and no clones retained the parental vlsE sequence at 28 days. In contrast, the decrease in the number of clones with the parental vlsE sequence and the increase in the number of sequence changes occurred more gradually in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Clones containing a stop codon were isolated, indicating that continuous expression of full-length VlsE is not required for survival in vivo; also, these clones continued to undergo vlsE recombination. Analysis of clones with apparent single recombination events indicated that recombinations into vlsE are nonselective with regard to the silent cassette utilized, as well as the length and location of the recombination event. Sequence changes as small as one base pair were common. Fifteen percent of recovered vlsE variants contained "template-independent" sequence changes, which clustered in the variable regions of vlsE. We hypothesize that the increased frequency and complexity of vlsE sequence changes observed in clones recovered from immunocompetent mice (as compared with SCID mice) is due to rapid clearance of relatively invariant clones by variable region-specific anti-VlsE antibody responses.
Discrete Lesions Reveal Functional Heterogeneity of Suprachiasmatic Structures in Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Female Rat (1982)

The present study examines the function of several cytologically distinct suprachiasmatic structures in the regulation of ovulation and positive feedback effects of estrogen and progesterone on gonadotropin release in the rat. Small (0.6-0.8 mm dia.) electrolytic lesions were placed at four loci along the rostrocaudal extent of the suprachiasmatic region in regularly cycling female rats. Anovulatory persistent estrus occurred only when lesions were located either in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), a small periventricular cell group lying immediately caudal to the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT). Lesions restricted to the OVLT and adjacent ventral prechiasmatic region (VPC-L), or the anterior suprachiasmatic region (ASR) between the MPN and SCN resulted in irregular estrous cycles frequently marked by periods of prolonged diestrus. Following administration of 50 microgram estradiol benzoate (EB) a daily afternoon surge of gonadotropin was observed in control animals. This circadian release of gonadotropins was completely abolished by SCN, ASR and MPN lesions. EB-induced gonadotropin surges were also greatly attenuated by VPC-L lesions. Subsequent administration of 1.5 mg progesterone (P) induced large surges of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in VPC-L and ASR lesioned animals as well as controls. P administration also elicited gonadotropin surges in SCN lesioned animals, although surges were markedly attenuated in magnitude compared to controls. Only lesions that destroyed the MPN and immediately adjacent periventricular tissue completely and invariably eliminated P-induced gonadotropin release. Thus, anovulatory-persistent estrus appears to be associated specifically with lesions that interfere with the-positive feedback effect of P (MPN and SCN lesions). Animals with lesions that block or attenuate EB effects without interfering with P sensitive neural substrates can maintain long-term spontaneous ovulation (VPC-L and ASR lesions). An hypothesis is advanced to account for the differential effect of MPN and SCN lesions on P-induced gonadotropin release.
Quasi-phase-matched nonlinear optical devices (2007)

Recent progresses in LN/LT- and quartz-based QPM devices are reviewed in wide wavelength range from mid-IR to deep UV spectrum. Criteria will be discussed to choose an appropriate QPM material and a device configuration.
Secure Polar Coding With REP and XOR Coding (2017)

In this letter, we study the secure data communication by polar coding. In polar coding, all bit-channels perfectly polarize when the codelength goes to infinity. With finite and practical codelength, however, many bit-channels do not perfectly polarize and this significantly degrades the secrecy rate. To address this issue, we propose to use repetition (REP) coding and exclusive-or (XOR) coding combined with polar coding. To make the proposed approach practical, we develop simple design methods for REP and XOR codings. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed secure polar coding improves the secrecy rate and security gap considerably.
[A neonate with increased joint laxity]. (2010)

A neonate presented with increased laxity and dislocations of several joints, a loose skin and criss-cross lines in the palms of her hands. She was diagnosed with the arthrochalasia type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.