gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust decoder architecture for multi-level flash memory storage channels (2012)

Multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memory comprises of cells which can be programmed to multiple levels. Recent MLC flash memory systems support 3 bits per cell to 4 bits per cell which means that the individual cells are programmed to 8 or 16 distinct levels respectively. MLC flash has higher raw bit error rate (rber) than the single bit per cell flash. This calls for the use of sophisticated error control coding (ECC) schemes like LDPC codes. The flash memory channel is usually modeled with level distributions having Gaussian probability density function. However, the Gaussian distribution is not a good fit for practical NAND channels. Even for the beginning of life of the flash memory device, this model has to be replaced by a more realistic model. With erases and re-writes, the channel towards the end of life of the device is far from Gaussian and floating-gate to floating-gate coupling and charge loss not only increases the raw bit error rate but causes the level distributions to become asymmetric. Given such channel impairments, if the LDPC decoder assumes Gaussian level distributions, its performance can degrade considerably. Hence, modifications are required in the decoding algorithm to cope up with the channel distortions. In order to keep the hardware costs within limits, simple schemes with minimal hardware increase are desirable to keep up the performance. In this paper, the flash channel degradations are first enlisted and then simple solutions are proposed which keep the performance in check as the flash memory transits from a channel with moderate impairments to the end of life condition, where the level distributions for the different levels are highly asymmetric.
A MetAP2 inhibitor blocks adipogenesis, yet improves glucose uptake in cells (2019)

Adipose tissue expansion involves angiogenesis to remodel its capillary network. The enzymemethionine aminopeptidase 2(MetAP2) promotes angiogenesis.MetAP2 inhibitors suppress angiogenesis and have potential anti-obesity effect. However, impairment in adipose tissue expansion is also linked with impaired glycemic control.This study investigated the effect of BL6, a MetAP2 inhibitor, on adipogenesis and glucose disposal.To test effect on angiogenesis, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells(HUVECs) were treated with BL6 for 24h to determine tube formation. Further, to test effect on adipogenesis and glucose disposal,3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were treated with BL6(0 µM, 20µM, 50 µM or 100µM) during differentiation. Differentiated cells were stained with Oil Red O for determining lipid accumulation, and glucose uptake assay. Protein levels and RNA expression for key genes involved in the adipogenic cascade were determined.BL6 treatment of HUVECs dose dependently blocked angiogenesis. During differentiation of pre-adipocytes, 50μM and 100µM BL6 significantly reduced lipid accumulation. Treatment with 100µM BL6 significantly decreased expression of adipogenic genes. Interestingly, BL6 treatment dose dependently increased glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells.MetAP2 inhibitor blocks angiogenesis, attenuates adipogenesis, yet increases cellular glucose uptake. Collectively this proof of concept study supports a possible role for MetAP2 inhibitor BL6, as a putative anti-obesity therapeutic agent.
Discovery of potent and selective PI3Kγ inhibitors via elaboration of a designed fragment and identification of key metabolites (2020)

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century [Author Benefits](https://scimeetings.acs.org/?utm_source=pubs_content_marketing&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=0320_MCF_NPI_Launch_Spring_Homepage&ref=pubs_content_marketing) [How to use SciMeetings](https://storage.googleapis.com/dl.morressier.com/acs/SciMeetings-ACSSpring2020-HowToGuide_M3020-Final.pdf) [Frequently Asked Questions](https://storage.googleapis.com/dl.morressier.com/acs/SciMtng_ACSNMSp2020_FAQ_M3120_Final.pdf)
<title>Directionality of light shaping and displays</title> (2001)

New approaches to light directionality and backlighting are described. They are discussed in the general context of the Liouville theorem and the second principle of thermodynamics; 3-D autostereoscopic applications are also discussed.
Adult Rat Otic Placode-Derived Neurons and Sensory Epithelium Express All Four erbB Receptors: A Role in Regulating Vestibular Ganglion Neuron Viability (2001)

The erbB receptor family consists of erbB1/epidermal growth factor receptor, erbB2/neu, erbB3, and erbB4, all of which have been implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in several tissues. In the nervous system, these family members can function in a trophic capacity for certain subpopulations of neurons and some types of non-neuronal cells. Vestibular sensory epithelial cells and vestibular ganglion neurons are derived from ectodermal otic placode and are essential components of the peripheral vestibular system, the sensory system for balance. Recent studies in mammals suggest that certain ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor can induce proliferation of vestibular sensory epithelial cells. We now show that vestibular ganglion neurons and vestibular sensory epithelial cells express all four erbB receptors in adult rats. Cultured vestibular ganglion neurons also expressed all four erbB family members and were therefore used to analyze the effects of modulating erbB signaling on differentiated vestibular ganglion neurons. Transforming growth factor-alpha (a ligand for epidermal growth factor receptor) and sensory and motor neuron-derived factor (a ligand for erbB3 and erbB4) promoted vestibular ganglion neuron viability, whereas epidermal growth factor (another ligand for epidermal growth factor receptor) did not. Glial growth factor 2 (another ligand for erbB3 and erbB4) and an antibody that blocks erbB2/neu-mediated signaling inhibited vestibular ganglion neuron viability. Collectively, these observations indicate that erbB signaling regulates the viability of differentiated otic placode-derived cells in mammals and suggest that exogenous modulation of erbB signaling in peripheral vestibular tissues may prove therapeutically useful in peripheral vestibular disorders.
Ph.D. Training in Cancer Biology (2008)

Cancer is one of the major afflictions of mankind. In recent years, knowledge about the origins, growth, tissue interactions, and spread of cancer has burgeoned. Descriptive knowledge has been replaced by mechanistic understanding of cancer behavior at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels
Metal-Free Catalytic Enantioselective C–B Bond Formation: (Pinacolato)boron Conjugate Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones, Esters, Weinreb Amides, and Aldehydes Promoted by Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2012)

The first broadly applicable metal-free enantioselective method for boron conjugate addition (BCA) to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls is presented. The C-B bond forming reactions are promoted in the presence of 2.5-7.5 mol % of a readily accessible C(1)-symmetric chiral imidazolinium salt, which is converted, in situ, to the catalytically active diastereo- and enantiomerically pure N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) by the common organic base 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (dbu). In addition to the commercially available bis(pinacolato)diboron [B(2)(pin)(2)], and in contrast to reactions with the less sterically demanding achiral NHCs, the presence of MeOH is required for high efficiency. Acyclic and cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones, as well as acyclic esters, Weinreb amides, and aldehydes, can serve as suitable substrates; the desired β-boryl carbonyls are isolated in up to 94% yield and >98:2 enantiomer ratio (er). Transformations are often carried out at ambient temperature. In certain cases, such as when the relatively less reactive unsaturated amides are used, elevated temperatures are required (50-66 °C); nonetheless, reactions remain highly enantioselective. The utility of the NHC-catalyzed method is demonstrated through comparison with the alternative Cu-catalyzed protocols; in cases involving a polyfunctional substrate, unique profiles in chemoselectivity are exhibited by the metal-free approach (e.g., conjugate addition vs reaction with an alkyne, allene, or aldehyde).
Reduction of CMOS Image Sensor Read Noise to Enable Photon Counting (2016)

Recent activity in photon counting CMOS image sensors (CIS) has been directed to reduction of read noise. Many approaches and methods have been reported. This work is focused on providing sub 1 e(-) read noise by design and operation of the binary and small signal readout of photon counting CIS. Compensation of transfer gate feed-through was used to provide substantially reduced CDS time and source follower (SF) bandwidth. SF read noise was reduced by a factor of 3 with this method. This method can be applied broadly to CIS devices to reduce the read noise for small signals to enable use as a photon counting sensor.
Recombinant Spider Silk–Silica Hybrid Scaffolds with Drug‐Releasing Properties for Tissue Engineering Applications (2019)

Fabricating biomaterials with antimicrobial activity to prevent the growth of detrimental microorganisms is of great scientific and practical interest. Here, composite materials comprising recombinant spider silk proteins and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) loaded with selected antibiotics and antimycotics are fabricated into films and hydrogels. The derived composite materials exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties with sustained release of antibiotics over the course of 15 days. Furthermore, antibiotics/antimycotics inclusion does not impair the cytocompatibility of the composite materials, all of which promote fibroblast cell adhesion and proliferation. Finally, processing of spider silk-MSN composite hydrogels using 3D printing is shown to enable the fabrication of patient-specific antimicrobial implants to prevent infection in the near future.
Non-contact and all-electrical method for monitoring the motion of semiconducting nanowires (2011)

The authors demonstrate an all-electric, non-contact method of monitoring the motion of semiconducting nanowires. This technique uses a microwave resonant circuit whose resonance is modulated by the varying capacitance between GaN nanowires and a metal tip. They estimate that the method is capable of detecting motion with a sensitivity of 1pm/Hz. They verify their technique by driving a nanowire and comparing the electrical signal to the nanowire motion determined from a scanning electron microscope image. Finally, they use this technique to measure the pressure dependence of a nanowire’s mechanical damping to be 8.37(0.08) Hz/Pa in the molecular flow regime.
FLEXIBLE CONTROL OF DENSITY CURRENT MIGRATION BY USING SLUICE GATE (2011)

Controlling adverse density currents has been an important issue on water quality and ecosystems of brackish water regions. This study proposes to apply sluice gate for flexible control of density current migration in open channels. Hydraulic characteristics of density flows around a sluice gate are investigated by flume experiments employing the Particle Image Velocimetry technique and numerical calculations by a Large Eddy Simulation model. The results show that the behavior of density front migration under a sluice gate is dominated by internal Froude number of both fresh water and salt water layers, and entrainment of salt water in a downstream region of a dike is influenced by evolution of instantaneous flow structures in a fresh water layer.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES IN THE β‐CARBOLINE AREA. NEW ENTRY INTO 4‐SUBSTITUTED AND 3,4‐DISUBSTITUTED β‐CARBOLINES (1985)

Abstract Unter [3.3]sigmatroper Umlagerung des Allylethers (III) entsteht das 3,4‐disubstituierte β‐Carbolin (IV).
A deimmunised form of the ribotoxin, α-sarcin, lacking CD4+T cell epitopes and its use as an immunotoxin warhead (2016)

Fungal ribotoxins that block protein synthesis can be useful warheads in the context of a targeted immunotoxin. α-Sarcin is a small (17 kDa) fungal ribonuclease produced by Aspergillus giganteus that functions by catalytically cleaving a single phosphodiester bond in the sarcin-ricin loop of the large ribosomal subunit, thus making the ribosome unrecognisable to elongation factors and leading to inhibition of protein synthesis. Peptide mapping using an ex vivo human T cell assay determined that α-sarcin contained two T cell epitopes; one in the N-terminal 20 amino acids and the other in the C-terminal 20 amino acids. Various mutations were tested individually within each epitope and then in combination to isolate deimmunised α-sarcin variants that had the desired properties of silencing T cell epitopes and retention of the ability to inhibit protein synthesis (equivalent to wild-type, WT α-sarcin). A deimmunised variant (D9T/Q142T) demonstrated a complete lack of T cell activation in in vitro whole protein human T cell assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from donors with diverse HLA allotypes. Generation of an immunotoxin by fusion of the D9T/Q142T variant to a single-chain Fv targeting Her2 demonstrated potent cell killing equivalent to a fusion protein comprising the WT α-sarcin. These results represent the first fungal ribotoxin to be deimmunised with the potential to construct a new generation of deimmunised immunotoxin therapeutics.
Design and Architectural Exploration of Expression-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (2008)

Reconfigurable Arrays combine the benefit of spatial execution, typical of hardware solutions, with that of programmability, present in microprocessors. When mapping software applications (or parts of them) onto hardware, however, FPGAs often provide more flexibility than is needed, and do not implement coarser-level operations efficiently. Therefore, Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) have been proposed to this aim. While most CGRA designs feature an array cell of the order of an ALU, this paper proposes a new kind of coarse grained array, called EGRA (Expression-Grained Reconfigurable Array), featuring a cell composed of a cluster of ALUs with flexible interconnect. The EGRA attempts to further close the performance gap between reconfigurable and hardwired logic by implementing an arithmetic/logic expression per cell, rather than a single operation. A mapping methodology is proposed that can retargetably compile to a family of EGRAs, therefore enabling architectural exploration of the granularity of the proposed cell. Performance results on a number of embedded applications show that EGRAs can be used as a reconfigurable fabric for customizable processors, outperforming more traditional CGRA designs.
Stereochemistry of Phenylα-Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals (2000)

An extensive investigation of the conformations adopted by the family of phenyl alpha-nitronyl nitroxides has been carried out. A database containing 110 crystal structures was used in a statistical study of the solid-state geometries and conformations of these radicals. This study revealed that the favoured conformations involve a twisted distortion in the imidazolyl rings and a twist between the aromatic and heterocyclic rings in the molecules. As a consequence, these radicals show two types of preferred conformations in the solid state: the pseudo-anti enantiomeric pair and the pseudo-eclipsed pair, the latter type being the most statistically probable. A new chiral member of this group of radicals that bears a lactate moiety, (R)-1, and its corresponding racemic compound, (R,S)-1, have been prepared in order to study the influence of chiral induction from the stereogenic centre on the torsion angle between the aromatic and heterocyclic rings of the alpha-nitronyl nitroxides. The X-ray crystal structures of the enantiopure and racemic compounds, which both reveal chains of molecules sustained by strong O-H...O hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic acid group and the ON group of the radical in the solid, as well as their magnetic properties have been determined. Remarkably, the molecules with a given stereogenic centre have a single helical sense between their component rings, even in the racemic crystal. Chiral induction from the stereogenic centre to the radical unit has also been proved by CD spectroscopy in the solid state. The results of these experiments have been rationalised by ab initio calculations of the spectra.
Seed ecology at the northern limit of the tropical rain forest in America. (2011)

Many years of seed research performed at the 'Los Tuxtlas' tropical rain forest reserve in Mexico have produced a wealth of information unavailable for other tropical rain forests of the world. Information is presented on seed size, weight and moisture content, soil seed banks, dormancy mechanisms, seed germination behaviour, seed longevity and storage behaviour. Some research approaches that would provide valuable information for the understanding of seed ecology of the forest are suggested.
Reducing Vehicle Miles Traveled, Encouraging Walk Trips, and Facilitating Efficient Trip Chains Through Polycentric Development (2020)

Compact development can result in many benefits for communities and residents. Areas can connect compact developments through high-quality transportation options, creating a network of centers, or a “polycentric” region. This development pattern is very popular in Europe and is linked to significant benefits. Salt Lake County has organically developed several small centers, and with the right strategies could continue to fuel this kind of growth. The metropolitan planning organization (MPO) for the region, the Wasatch Front Regional Council, has been planning for polycentric development since the Wasatch Choice for 2040 Vision was released in 2010. Our research is aimed at exploring the academic literature and empirical evidence surrounding polycentric development, analyzing more than 120 regional transportation plans (RTP) to see how they promote polycentric development, defining types of centers in a hierarchy of centers, quantifying the transportation benefits of polycentric development, examining a case study of best practices, and, finally, outlining context-specific strategies for Salt Lake County and the Wasatch Front. The resulting report will enable the county and MPO to make informed decisions about its future growth patterns, set realistic—yet visionary—goals, and improve the overall health of its residents and communities.
High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites as Durable Material for Concrete Structure Repair (2004)

Peer Reviewed
Multi-Gigabit Operation of a Compact, Broadband Modulator Based on ENZ Confinement in Indium Oxide (2017)

We report the first high-speed demonstration of a compact electroabsorption modulator based on epsilon-near-zero confinement in conducting oxide films. The non-resonant, 4µm-long device operates simultaneously over the entire C band through field-effect carrier density tuning.
Tunable strontium titanate thin films for microwave devices (2001)

Abstract In this paper, strontium titanate (SrTiO3) thin films on platinized sapphire substrates have been demonstrated as a possible material candidate for tunable microwave device applications. Room temperature capacitance-voltage measurements at 1 MHz demonstrated a tunability of nearly 1.7:1 (41%), with a zero bias quality factor of 342 (tan 8 = .00292). Tunability of 1.75:1 (43%) is achieved with a device quality factor of 146 at 100 MHz. A device quality factor of 40 and a tunability of 1.7:1 (41%) has been obtained at frequencies up to 15 GHz.
Reliability of UAV Connectivity in Dual-MNO Networks: A Performance Measurement Campaign (2020)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be controlled in beyond-visual-line-of-sight use cases via today's commercial mobile network operator (MNO) deployments, such as those based on long-term evolution (LTE) technology. In order to improve the reliability of UAV connectivity, especially in more critical use cases, several MNO networks may be utilized simultaneously. To evaluate this option in typical environments, performance measurements were conducted over two public LTE networks in urban, suburban, and rural areas in/near the city of Tampere, Finland, and at various UAV flight altitudes: 1 m, 15-20 m, and 50 m above the ground. The results indicate that there are distinct benefits in utilizing more than one MNO for improved levels of connection reliability.
Erste Erfahrungen bei der mammographischen Rezidiverkennung nach Tylektomie und Bestrahlung (1984)

In several institutions lumpectomy combined with in- and external radiation is being used as an alternative to the modified radical mastectomy. The mammographic detection of local recurrence is complicated by the fact that the changes after radiation and surgery interfere with primary and secondary signs of malignancy. The authors report about their preliminary experience in the radiographic detection of recurrence in these patients.
Extrapulmonary nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis (2004)

Extrapulmonary nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis (ENC) is a relatively rare disease that accounts for fewer than 1% of all cases of coccidioidomycosis. ENC may present early (in the setting of acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis with dissemination) or late (after an innocuous primary infection). The most common site of involvement is the skin, but other sites include bones, joints, and soft tissues. We describe the case of a young African American woman with ENC who presented with an iliopsoas abscess and lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis.
Multitask prediction of site selectivity in aromatic C–H functionalization reactions (2020)

Aromatic C–H functionalization reactions are an important part of the synthetic chemistry toolbox.
Modeling of Microstructural Kinematics During Simple Elongation of Central Nervous System Tissue (2003)

Damage to axons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) white matter is a nearly universal feature of traumatic brain injury, yet it is not clear how the tissue mechanical deformations are transferred to the cellular components of the CNS. Defining how cellular deformations relate to the applied tissue deformation field can both highlight cellular populations at risk for mechanical injury, and define the fraction of cells in a specific population that will exhibit damage. In this investigation, microstructurally based models of CNS white matter were developed and tested against measured transformations of the CNS tissue microstructure under simple elongation. Results show that axons in the unstretched optic nerves were significantly wavy or undulated, where the measured axonal path length was greater than the end-to-end distance of the axon. The average undulation parameter--defined as the true axonal length divided by the end-to-end length--was 1.13. In stretched nerves, mean axonal undulations decreased with increasing applied stretch ratio (lambda)--the mean undulation values decreased to 1.06 at lambda = 1.06, 1.04 at lambda = 1.12, and 1.02 at lambda = 1.25. A model describing the gradual coupling, or tethering, of the axons to the surrounding glial cells best fit the experimental data. These modeling efforts indicate the fraction of the axonal and glial populations experiencing deformation increases with applied elongation, consistent with the observation that both axonal and glial cell injury increases at higher levels of white matter injury. Ultimately, these results can be used in conjunction with computational simulations of traumatic brain injury to aid in establishing the relative risk of cellular structures in the CNS white matter to mechanical injury.