gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separated Lives (1987)

The idea of periods of separation between man and wife, or parents and children, was a commonly accepted one in British families serving in the colonial system. As sons and daughters grew up from early childhood, they were frequently placed in boarding schools in England while the parents were still abroad. Whatever arrangements were made, say with the help of relatives in England, children might not see their parents for long periods. Air travel, in time, was to ease this burden of separation, but it could hardly have had much impact before the Second World War. Sometimes, too, a wife might, for one reason or another, travel abroad later than her husband, or return to Britain earlier, even though she would normally expect to be with him, where his work and career lay. The nature of the family separations which took place among British civilian expatriates in Malaya at the time of the Japanese invasion was, however, totally different in some respects. Decisions had to be made under pressure of events and, at the later stages, there were real perils for wives and children leaving Malaya. The intended destination might be Australia and not Britain, and there was no time scale to establish when reunions might take place. Even in the case of an existing arrangement with children at English boarding schools, the whole family future was liable to be affected by what happened to parents in Malaya. Ironically, it seems, some parents had booked long passages for children to come out from England and join them in Malaya at a time when the home country was in real danger and Malaya was not, as yet, seriously threatened by the pattern of war.
Small-molecule mimicry hunting strategy in the imperial cone snail, Conus imperialis (2021)

Venomous animals hunt using bioactive peptides, but relatively little is known about venom small molecules and the resulting complex hunting behaviors. Here, we explored the specialized metabolites from the venom of the worm-hunting cone snail, <i>Conus imperialis</i> Using the model polychaete worm <i>Platynereis dumerilii</i>, we demonstrate that <i>C. imperialis</i> venom contains small molecules that mimic natural polychaete mating pheromones, evoking the mating phenotype in worms. The specialized metabolites from different cone snails are species-specific and structurally diverse, suggesting that the cones may adopt many different prey-hunting strategies enabled by small molecules. Predators sometimes attract prey using the prey's own pheromones, in a strategy known as aggressive mimicry. Instead, <i>C. imperialis</i> uses metabolically stable mimics of those pheromones, indicating that, in biological mimicry, even the molecules themselves may be disguised, providing a twist on fake news in chemical ecology.
Efficient perfectly vertical fiber-to-chip grating coupler for silicon horizontal multiple slot waveguides (2013)

Horizontal multiple slot waveguides of polysilicon and silicon nanocrystalline oxide were grating coupled to a surface normal fiber array. Measurements yielded a coupling efficiency of 60% per grating. The fabrication-tolerant, four-stage grating design was genetically evolved from a random seed without starting from first-principle design. Theoretical coupling efficiency was 68% and was re-designed to 63% after accommodating all sources of fabrication error. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a purely polysilicon and silicon nanocrystalline oxide slot waveguide platform.
Retraction Note: OCT4 as a target of miR-34a stimulates p63 but inhibits p53 to promote human cell transformation (2022)

An investigation by the US Office of Research Integrity has concluded that western blot images for total protein expression in human cell lines subject to gene depletion and/or overexpression were produced by reusing immunoblot bands and relabeling them to represent different experiments in seven figure panels in five papers and one grant application. In this article, this affects Fig.
FedVision: Federated Video Analytics With Edge Computing (2020)

Widely deployed smart cameras are generating a large amount of video data and capable of processing frames on devices. Empowered by edge computing, the video data can also be offloaded to edge servers for processing. By leveraging the on-device processing and computation offloading, we propose a federated video analytics system named FedVision to efficiently provision video analytics across devices and servers. The challenge of designing FedVision is to optimally use the computing and networking resources for video analytics. Since there is no closed-form expression of the system performance, black-box optimization is employed to optimize the system performance. However, using black-box optimization directly incurs excessive system queries that lead to very poor system performance. To solve this problem, we design a new optimization method that integrates black-box optimization with Neural Processes (NPs) as a system performance approximator. This method allows black-box optimizer to query NPs instead of the real system. We validate the performance of FedVision and the new optimization method using both numerical results and experiments with a testbed.
mRNA-1273 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines protect against the B.1.621 variant of SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

ABSTRACT Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, viral variants with greater transmissibility or immune evasion properties have arisen, which could jeopardize recently deployed vaccine and antibody-based countermeasures. Here, we evaluated in mice and hamsters the efficacy of preclinical non-GMP Moderna mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273) and the Johnson &amp; Johnson recombinant adenoviral-vectored vaccine (Ad26.COV2.S) against the B.1.621 (Mu) South American variant of SARS-CoV-2, which contains spike mutations T95I, Y144S, Y145N, R346K, E484K, N501Y, D614G, P681H, and D950N. Immunization of 129S2 and K18-human ACE2 transgenic mice with mRNA-1273 vaccine protected against weight loss, lung infection, and lung pathology after challenge with B.1.621 or WA1/2020 N501Y/D614G SARS-CoV-2 strain. Similarly, immunization of 129S2 mice and Syrian hamsters with a high dose of Ad26.COV2.S reduced lung infection after B.1.621 virus challenge. Thus, immunity induced by mRNA-1273 or Ad26.COV2.S vaccines can protect against the B.1.621 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in multiple animal models.
Survivor Path Processing in Viterbi Decoders Using Register Exchange and Traceforward (2007)

This brief proposes a new class of hybrid VLSI architectures for survivor path processing to be used in Viterbi decoders. The architecture combines the benefits of register exchange and traceforward algorithms, that is, low storage requirement and latency versus implementation efficiency. Based on a structural comparison, it becomes evident that the architecture can be efficiently applied to codes with a larger number of states where traceback-based architectures, which increase latency, are usually dominant.
On adaptive propensity score truncation in causal inference (2018)

The positivity assumption, or the experimental treatment assignment (ETA) assumption, is important for identifiability in causal inference. Even if the positivity assumption holds, practical violations of this assumption may jeopardize the finite sample performance of the causal estimator. One of the consequences of practical violations of the positivity assumption is extreme values in the estimated propensity score (PS). A common practice to address this issue is truncating the PS estimate when constructing PS-based estimators. In this study, we propose a novel adaptive truncation method, Positivity-C-TMLE, based on the collaborative targeted maximum likelihood estimation (C-TMLE) methodology. We demonstrate the outstanding performance of our novel approach in a variety of simulations by comparing it with other commonly studied estimators. Results show that by adaptively truncating the estimated PS with a more targeted objective function, the Positivity-C-TMLE estimator achieves the best performance for both point estimation and confidence interval coverage among all estimators considered.
Two cases of thymic mucoepidermoid caricinoma showing different clinicopathological features (2008)

胸腺癌のうちでもわずか1.7％を占めるに過ぎないとされている胸腺粘表皮癌（Thymic Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas）を，すでに報告済みの1例1）に加えて新たに1例を経験したので2例を報告する．症例1は58歳男性．胸腺粘表皮癌（低分化型）に対し胸腺全摘＋リンパ節郭清左上葉合併切除術を施行した．術後6ヵ月で左副腎，術後8ヵ月で空腸転移再発を認め，現在全身化学療法施行中である．症例2は既報告例で53歳男性．胸腺粘表皮癌（高分化型）に対し胸腺亜全摘＋リンパ節郭清術施行した．初回術後57ヵ月で胸腔内播種をきたし，その後2度にわたる切除手術，胸腔内温熱化学療法，放射線療法施行するも全身転移にて93ヵ月で永眠された．胸腺粘表皮癌の多くは病理学的に高分化型で胸腺癌の内でも悪性度は低いとされているが，低分化型は悪性度も高く極めて予後不良とされており分化度が臨床経過や悪性度を反映していると考えられた．
Kinetics of low‐temperature Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis on cobalt catalysts: Are both slurry autoclave and tubular packed‐bed reactors adequate to collect relevant data at lab‐scale? (2016)

Abstract To verify the equivalence of kinetic data obtained in lab‐scale packed‐bed and slurry reactors for low‐temperature Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis over cobalt‐based catalysts, the same Co/γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalyst was tested in both reactors, studying the effects of the process conditions (temperature, pressure, syngas composition, gas space velocity) on CO conversion rate and on product distribution. Then, both a lumped CO conversion rate equation and detailed kinetics (i.e. describing the rates of reactants conversion and product formation) were developed based on the data collected in the packed‐bed tubular reactor. The two models were finally used to simulate the performance of the slurry autoclave. By describing the slurry autoclave as a continuous stirred tank reactor and the packed‐bed as plug‐flow reactor, the kinetic information collected with the two reactors is fully equivalent and can be used indiscriminately to describe the rates of reactant consumption and product formation.
Declined fitness in larvae born from long-distance migrants of anadromous <i>Coilia nasus</i> in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China (2022)

Anadromous <i>Coilia nasus</i> is a socioeconomically important species from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Here, we compared growth and feeding of <i>C. nasus</i> larvae in four reaches along the full migration corridor of the river (640 km) to determine how fitness varies between progenies of short- and long-distance migrants. Results demonstrated that larvae collected in downstream sections grew faster, exhibited higher feeding intensities, and consumed larger zooplankton (a favored food resource). Our results did not support the parent-offspring trade-off theory, which predicts that the costs and benefits of migration increase with migration distance, and higher parental costs with long migration should be offset by increased offspring fitness. We suggest pervasive human impacts along the river are likely driving the observed ecological patterns. Overfishing has resulted in a truncated body size in migrants, which shortens their migration distance; isolation of floodplain lakes from the river restricts fish spawning and nursing to suboptimal lotic river habitats; and higher discharge experienced by larvae born from long-distance migrants in the upstream river reaches during the later flooding season results in declined feeding intensity and slower growth compared to those produced from short-distance migrants in the earlier season. We predict that a fishing ban in the Yangtze River will allow fish to grow larger and older so they can access floodplain lakes further upstream, which will further enhance recruitment of the <i>C. nasus</i> population.
Polarization aberrations 1 Rotationally symmetric optical systems (1994)

The polarization in isotropic radially symmetric lens and mirror systems in the paraxial approximation is examined. Polarized aberrations are variations in the phase, amplitude, and polarization state of the electromagnetic field across the exit pupil. Some are dependent on the incident polarization state and some are not. Expressions through fourth order for phase, amplitude, linear diattenuation, and linear retardance aberrations are derived in terms of the chief and marginal ray angles of incidence and the Taylor series expansion coefficients of the Fresnel equations for reflection and transmission at uncoated and thin-film-coated interfaces. Applications to polarization ray tracing are discussed.
A solar battery charger with maximum power point tracking (2011)

This paper presents a solar charger ASIC for Li-Ion and Nickel-based (NiCd or NiMH) batteries. The system is a DC/DC converter that operates the solar panel at its maximum power point by tracking it using a hill-climbing algorithm. Only one external inductor and one diode are necessary. The circuit is fabricated in a 0.5μm 5V process. It features a low power consumption of 84μA.
Recognition of Non-Manual Content in Continuous Japanese Sign Language (2020)

The quality of recognition systems for continuous utterances in signed languages could be largely advanced within the last years. However, research efforts often do not address specific linguistic features of signed languages, as e.g., non-manual expressions. In this work, we evaluate the potential of a single video camera-based recognition system with respect to the latter. For this, we introduce a two-stage pipeline based on two-dimensional body joint positions extracted from RGB camera data. The system first separates the data flow of a signed expression into meaningful word segments on the base of a frame-wise binary Random Forest. Next, every segment is transformed into image-like shape and classified with a Convolutional Neural Network. The proposed system is then evaluated on a data set of continuous sentence expressions in Japanese Sign Language with a variation of non-manual expressions. Exploring multiple variations of data representations and network parameters, we are able to distinguish word segments of specific non-manual intonations with 86% accuracy from the underlying body joint movement data. Full sentence predictions achieve a total Word Error Rate of 15.75%. This marks an improvement of 13.22% as compared to ground truth predictions obtained from labeling insensitive towards non-manual content. Consequently, our analysis constitutes an important contribution for a better understanding of mixed manual and non-manual content in signed communication.
<title>Real-time landmark-based optical vehicle self-location</title> (1997)

This paper presents a system for performing real-time vehicular self-location through a combination of triangulation of target sightings and low-cost auxiliary sensor information (e.g. accelerometer, compass, etc.). The system primarily relies on the use of three video cameras to monitor a dynamic 180 degree field of view. Machine vision algorithms process the imagery from this field of view searching for targets placed at known locations. Triangulation results are then combined with the past video processing results and auxiliary sensor information to arrive at real-time vehicle location update rates in excess of 10 Hz on a single low-cost conventional CPU. To supply both extended operating range and nighttime operational capabilities, the system also possesses an active illumination mode that utilizes multiple, inexpensive infrared LEDs to act as the illuminating source for reflective targets. This paper presents the design methodology used to arrive at the system, explains the overall system concept and process flow, and will briefly discuss actual results of implementing the system on a standard commercial vehicle.
Morphology of Electrodeposited Cu on 300 mm PEALD Ru Substrates (2008)

The morphology of thin layers of Cu electrodeposited on 300 mm Ru substrates (deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition or PEALD) is studied. To reduce the terminal effect, a layer of physical vapor deposited (PVD) Cu is employed beneath the Ru, allowing the characterization of the electrodeposited Cu on PEALD Ru across an entire 300 mm substrate. The morphology of the initially deposited Cu is studied for different current densities and entry biases using topdown scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and post-plating sheet resistance measurements. Electrodeposited Cu particle densities increase with deposition current density, while the particle size appears to change little. Despite the presence of the Cu underlayer, the morphology of the Cu deposited on Ru varies across the wafer, with higher deposited particle densities observed near the wafer edge as compared to the rest of the wafer.
Cost-effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected African children less than 3 years of age (2015)

Background:
The International Maternal, Pediatric, and Adolescent Clinical Trials P1060 trial demonstrated superior outcomes for HIV-infected children less than 3 years old initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with lopinavir/ritonavir compared to nevirapine, but lopinavir/ritonavir is four-fold costlier.
Flow-compensated diffusion encoding in MRI for improved liver metastasis detection (2022)

Magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is often used to detect focal liver lesions (FLLs), though DWI image quality can be limited in the left liver lobe owing to the pulsatile motion of the nearby heart. Flow-compensated (FloCo) diffusion encoding has been shown to reduce this pulsation artifact. The purpose of this prospective study was to intra-individually compare DWI of the liver acquired with conventional monopolar and FloCo diffusion encoding for assessing metastatic FLLs in non-cirrhotic patients. Forty patients with known or suspected multiple metastatic FLLs were included and measured at 1.5 T field strength with a conventional (monopolar) and a FloCo diffusion encoding EPI sequence (single refocused; b-values, 50 and 800 s/mm2). Two board-certified radiologists analyzed the DWI images independently. They issued Likert-scale ratings (1 = worst, 5 = best) for pulsation artifact severity and counted the difference of lesions visible at b = 800 s/mm² separately for small and large FLLs (i.e., < 1 cm or > 1 cm) and separately for left and right liver lobe. Differences between the two diffusion encodings were assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Both readers found a reduction in pulsation artifact in the liver with FloCo encoding (p < 0.001 for both liver lobes). More small lesions were detected with FloCo diffusion encoding in both liver lobes (left lobe: six and seven additional lesions by readers 1 and 2, respectively; right lobe: five and seven additional lesions for readers 1 and 2, respectively). Both readers found one additional large lesion in the left liver lobe. Thus, flow-compensated diffusion encoding appears more effective than monopolar diffusion encoding for the detection of liver metastases.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Hydrosilation Reactions. Spirocyclic Siloxanes: Sources of Si‐Based Lewis Acids. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Image-Based Modeling of Blood Flow in Human Coronary Arteries With and Without Bypass Grafts During Rest and Simulated Exercise (2008)

The number of patients with coronary artery disease continues to rise, with approximately 469,000 coronary bypass procedures in 2005 alone [1]. A priori knowledge of the flow features within the coronary vascular system could prove useful in predicting flow changes due to coronary bypass surgery. Image-based modeling and 3-D computational simulations could be used to compute flow and pressure in a patient-specific manner. However, modeling coronary flow requires knowledge of the intramyocardial pressure that compresses coronary vessels, resulting in decreased flow in systole and increased flow in diastole. Left ventricular pressure can provide an estimate to intramyocardial pressure, but the aortic pressure and left ventricular pressure must be coupled in systole when the aortic valve is open. Previously, we have developed a method to couple a lumped-parameter heart model to the inlet of a 3-D model to compute aortic and ventricular pressure [2]. In this study, we use the lumped-parameter heart model and computational fluid dynamics to calculate flow dynamics in a patient model with coronary artery bypass grafts.
Effects of Geldanamycin, a Heat-Shock Protein 90-Binding Agent, on T Cell Function and T Cell Nonreceptor Protein Tyrosine Kinases (2000)

The benzoquinoid ansamycins geldanamycin (GA), herbimycin, and their derivatives are emerging as novel therapeutic agents that act by inhibiting the 90-kDa heat-shock protein hsp90. We report that GA inhibits the proliferation of mitogen-activated T cells. GA is actively toxic to both resting and activated T cells; activated T cells appear to be especially vulnerable. The mechanism by which GA acts is reflected by its effects on an essential hsp90-dependent protein, the T cell-specific nonreceptor tyrosine kinase lck. GA treatment depletes lck levels in cultured T cells by a kinetically slow dose-dependent process. Pulse-chase analyses indicate that GA induces the very rapid degradation of newly synthesized lck molecules. GA also induces a slower degradation of mature lck populations. These results correlate with global losses in protein tyrosine kinase activity and an inability to respond to TCR stimuli, but the activity of mature lck is not immediately compromised. Although the specific proteasome inhibitor lactacystin provides marginal protection against GA-induced lck depletion, proteasome inhibition also induces changes in lck detergent solubility independent of GA application. There is no other evidence for the involvement of the proteosome. Lysosome inhibition provides quantitatively superior protection against degradation. These results indicate that pharmacologic inhibition of hsp90 chaperone function may represent a novel immunosuppressant strategy, and elaborate on the appropriate context in which to interpret losses of lck as a reporter for the pharmacology of GA in whole organisms.
Characterizing the Structure of Organic Molecules of Intrinsic Microporosity by Molecular Simulations and X-ray Scattering (2012)

The design of a new class of materials, called organic molecules of intrinsic microporosity (OMIMs), incorporates awkward, concave shapes to prevent efficient packing of molecules, resulting in microporosity. This work presents predictive molecular simulations and experimental wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) for a series of biphenyl-core OMIMs with varying end-group geometries. Development of the utilized simulation protocol was based on comparison of several simulation methods to WAXS patterns. In addition, examination of the simulated structures has facilitated the assignment of WAXS features to specific intra- and intermolecular distances, making this a useful tool for characterizing the packing behavior of this class of materials. Analysis of the simulations suggested that OMIMs had greater microporosity when the molecules were the most shape-persistent, which required rigid structures and bulky end groups. The simulation protocol presented here allows for predictive, presynthesis screening of OMIMs and similar complex molecules to enhance understanding of their structures and aid in future design efforts.