gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clustering algorithm with adaptive shaping method for CdZnTe detectors (2002)

CdZnTe (CZT) detectors are promising detectors, which have many good characteristics such as room temperature operation, reasonable energy resolution, high-detection efficiency to gamma rays, etc. However, energy resolution of CZT is governed by poor mobilities of charge carriers. Many researchers have tried to solve this problem. Among them, a clustering method has been recently proposed which is based on a digital signal processing of preamplifier output waveforms. In this method, we can classify signals according to their shapes and independently treat different shapes. In this paper, we report a new clustering algorithm with adaptive shaping time. The obtained energy resolution for /sup 137/Cs was improved to 5.4-keV full width at half maximum (FWHM) by applying this method.
3D-printed scaffolds with 2D hetero-nanostructures and immunomodulatory cytokines provide pro-healing microenvironment for enhanced bone regeneration (2023)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is driving forward the progresses of various engineering fields, including tissue engineering. However, the pristine 3D-printed scaffolds usually lack robust functions in stimulating desired activity for varied regeneration applications. In this study, we combined the two-dimensional (2D) hetero-nanostructures and immuno-regulative interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines for the functionalization of 3D-printed scaffolds to achieve a pro-healing immuno-microenvironment for optimized bone injury repair. The 2D hetero-nanostructure consists of graphene oxide (GO) layers, for improved cell adhesion, and black phosphorous (BP) nanosheets, for the continuous release of phosphate ions to stimulate cell growth and osteogenesis. In addition, the 2D hetero-nanolayers facilitated the adsorption of large content of immuno-regulative IL-4 cytokines, which modulated the polarization of macrophages into M2 phenotype. After <i>in vivo</i> implantation in rat, the immuno-functioned 3D-scaffolds achieved <i>in vivo</i> osteo-immunomodulation by building a pro-healing immunological microenvironment for better angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the defect area and thus facilitated bone regeneration. These results demonstrated that the immuno-functionalization of 3D-scaffolds with 2D hetero-nanostructures with secondary loading of immuno-regulative cytokines is an encouraging strategy for improving bone regeneration.
Bioinspired Layer-by-Layer Microcapsules Based on Cellulose Nanofibers with Switchable Permeability (2017)

Green, all-polysaccharide based microcapsules with mechanically robust capsule walls and fast, stimuli-triggered, and switchable permeability behavior show great promise in applications based on selective and timed permeability. Taking a cue from nature, the build-up and composition of plant primary cell walls inspired the capsule wall assembly, because the primary cell walls in plants exhibit high mechanical properties despite being in a highly hydrated state, primarily owing to cellulose microfibrils. The microcapsules (16 ± 4 μm in diameter) were fabricated using the layer-by-layer technique on sacrificial CaCO<sub>3</sub> templates, using plant polysaccharides (pectin, cellulose nanofibers, and xyloglucan) only. In water, the capsule wall was permeable to labeled dextrans with a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼6.6 nm. Upon exposure to NaCl, the porosity of the capsule wall quickly changed allowing larger molecules (∼12 nm) to permeate. However, the porosity could be restored to its original state by removal of NaCl, by which permeants became trapped inside the capsule's core. The high integrity of cell wall was due to the CNF and the ON/OFF alteration of the permeability properties, and subsequent loading/unloading of molecules, could be repeated several times with the same capsule demonstrating a robust microcontainer with controllable permeability properties.
Dynamics and stability of partially folded and unfolded BPTI analogs (2006)

We have used NMR for characterization of partially folded and unfolded ensembles of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) that model the early stages of folding. A chemically synthesized analog of BPTI, [14-38]Abu, which has a single disulfide bond between loop residues 14 and 38 and the other four cysteines replaced by -amino-nbutyric acid (Abu), is an ensemble of multiple partially folded conformations in slow exchange at low temperature (1-10°C) and pH > 4.5 [1]. Native-like conformations are more favored in the core than in the rest of the molecule. At lower pH and elevated temperature, the structure in the core is lost to form an unfolded ensemble of conformations with no secondary structure detected by CD or NMR [2,3]. Selective labeling with allows for characterization of conformations in slow exchange. In the present work, we have determined the stability of individual segments of the partially folded [14-38]Abu using chemical denaturation and NMR. There is a significant difference in the urea unfolding profiles of residues in the core and those in the rest of the molecules. This shows that global unfolding is non-cooperative, with the core being the last to unfold, and that the most ordered structure is in the hydrophobic core of the native protein.
Simple Two-Way Direct Loss Measurement Procedure (1999)

This document defines Simple Two-Way Direct Loss Measurement (DLM)
procedure that can be used for Alternate-Marking Method for detecting
accurate data packet loss in a network. Specifically, DLM probe
packets are defined for both unauthenticated and authenticated modes
and they are efficient for hardware-based implementation.
The Mattress-Tension-Band Technique (2009)

Reestablishment of the native footprint during rotator cuff repair has been suggested to be important for optimizing fixation strength and healing potential. However, the complexity of most double-row repairs and the added surgical time remains a concern. We have developed a double-row rotator cuff repair that can be performed arthroscopically without the need to tie knots inside the joint. The technique, termed mattress-tension-band, is performed with 1 screwed anchor inserted medially at the articular margin and an impacted anchor inserted laterally on the greater tuberosity. An extracorporeally tied figure-of-8 knot forms the mattress suture medially, whereas a knotless tension-band is placed laterally. The mattress-tension-band technique restores the rotator cuff footprint anatomy in a simple, quick, and reproducible manner, thus reducing operative time. The main advantages are that there is no need to tie any knot inside the joint and that the only knot, tied extracorporeally, cannot slip, thereby improving initial strength and stiffness of the repair.
Porous Silica Nanotube Thin Films as Thermally Insulating Barrier Coatings (2020)

The fabrication and examination of a porous silica thin film, potentially for use as an insulating thin film, were investigated. A vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forest, created by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), was used as scaffolding to construct the porous film. Silicon was deposited on the CNT forest using low-pressure CVD (LPCVD) and then oxidized to remove the CNTs and convert the silicon to silica for electrical or thermal passivation (e.g., thermal barrier). Thermal conductivity was determined using a 1D heat-transfer analysis that equated radiative heat loss in a vacuum with conduction through the substrate and thin film stack. A comparison of the surface temperature differences between a sample film and a reference of comparable thermal resistance enabled determination of the increase in the thermal resistance and of the thermal conductivity of the films. For film thicknesses of approximately 55 μm, the cross-plane thermal conductivity was found to be 0.054–0.071 W m–1 K–1 over 378–422 K. This thermal conductivity value is in the range of other silica aerogels and consistent with the low gravimetric density of 0.15 g cm–3 for the samples. The film is also relatively smooth and flat, with an average arithmetic mean roughness of 1.04 μm.
Injury of the Posterior Ligamentous Complex of the Thoracolumbar Spine (2009)

The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for diagnosing injury of the PLC are lower than previously reported in the literature. The integrity of the PLC as determined by MRI should not be used in isolation to determine treatment.
Robust SINR-Constrained Symbol-Level Multiuser Precoding With Imperfect Channel Knowledge (2020)

In this paper, we address robust design of symbol-level precoding (SLP) for the downlink of multiuser multiple-input single-output wireless channels, when imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter. In particular, we consider a well known model for the CSI imperfection, namely, stochastic Gaussian-distributed uncertainty. Our design objective is to minimize the total (per-symbol) transmission power subject to constructive interference (CI) constraints as well as the users’ quality-of-service requirements in terms of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. Assuming stochastic channel uncertainties, we first define probabilistic CI constraints in order to achieve robustness to statistically known CSI errors. Since these probabilistic constraints are difficult to handle, we resort to their convex approximations in the form of tractable (deterministic) robust constraints. Three convex approximations are obtained based on different conservatism levels, among which one is introduced as a benchmark for comparison. We show that each of our proposed approximations is tighter than the other under specific robustness settings, while both of them always outperform the benchmark. Using the proposed CI constraints, we formulate the robust SLP optimization problem as a second-order cone program. Extensive simulation results are provided to validate our analytic discussions and to make comparisons with conventional block-level robust precoding schemes. We show that the robust design of symbol-level precoder leads to an improved performance in terms of energy efficiency at the cost of increasing the computational complexity by an order of the number of users in the large system limit, compared to its non-robust counterpart.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of the Hamilton axial spondyloarthritis questionnaire and development of a Chinese version in a multi‐ethnic Asian population (2019)

The adapted axial SpA questionnaire demonstrated good sensitivity in the pilot-testing and appears to be a promising tool for facilitating early identification of axial SpA cases in the multi-ethnic Asian population.
Clinical experience with 176 autotransplanted canines (1998)

Between 1989-1996 640 patients were treated for impacted canines. Out of this group 120 patients(18.75%) were treated with an autotransplantation of thei canine instead of a surgical orthodontic guided eruption of the canine. The indications were very deep impactions, refusal of orthodontic therapy and unsuccessfull previous attempts of surgical orthodontic eruption of the impacted canine. The toal number of autotransplanted canines followed amounts to 176. Out of these 12 transplanted canines were lost.
DCLK1 Regulates Tumor Stemness and Cisplatin Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via ABCD-Member-4 (2020)

Chemoresistance cells have features similar to cancer stem cells. Elimination of these cells is an effective therapeutic strategy to clinically combat chemoresistance non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we demonstrate that <i>Doublecortin-like kinase1</i> (<i>DCLK1</i>) is the key to developing chemoresistance and associated stemness in NSCLC. DCLK1 is highly expressed in human lung adenocarcinoma and strongly correlated with stemness. Silencing <i>DCLK1</i> inhibits NSCLC cell primary and secondary spheroid formation, which is the prerequisite feature of tumor stem cells. <i>DCLK1</i> inhibition reduced NSCLC cell migration/invasion <i>in vitro</i> and induced tumor growth inhibition <i>in vivo</i>. NSCLC cells responded differently to cisplatin treatment; indeed, the clonogenic ability of all NSCLC cells was reduced. We found that the cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells gain the expression of DCLK1 compared with their parental control. However, <i>DCLK1</i> inhibition in cisplatin-resistance NSCLC cells reverses the tumor cell resistance to cisplatin and reduced tumor self-renewal ability. Specifically, we found that <i>DCLK1</i>-mediated cisplatin resistance in NSCLC is via an <i>ABC subfamily member 4</i> (<i>ABCD4</i>)-dependent mechanism. Our data demonstrate that increased expression of <i>DCLK1</i> is associated with chemoresistance and enhanced cancer stem cell-like features in NSCLC. Targeting <i>DCLK1</i> using gene knockdown/knockout strategies alone or in combination with cisplatin may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat NSCLC.
A BIOMECHANICAL COMPARISON OF FOUR RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR THE MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT OF THE ELBOW (2008)

The strength of the intact and four reconstruction techniques (figure-eight, docking, single strand utilizing interference screws, and a single strand) of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the elbow were compared. Twenty cadaveric specimens were tested with a cyclic valgus loading protocol. The peak loads to failure of the MCL reconstructions were inferior compared to the intact ligament (p The purpose of this study was to compare the initial strength of the intact medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the elbow and four reconstruction techniques. The docking and endobutton reconstructions showed equivalent peak load to failure. Improved interference screws are required before they are employed clinically. The average peak load to failure or 5mm of joint gapping was 142.5±39.4N for the intact, 53.0±9.5N for the docking, 52.5±10.4N for the endobutton, 41.0±16.0N for the interference screw, and 33.3±7.1N for the figure-eight reconstructions. The peak load to failure was higher for the intact specimens compared to any of the reconstructions (p 0.05). Twenty (ten pairs) unpreserved cadaveric upper extremities were mounted in a custom jig with the elbow at 90°, and a valgus force was applied 12cm from the elbow joint. The specimens were loaded starting at 20N with the load increased in increments of 10N (200 cycles at each load), until either complete ligament failure or a 5mm increase in the distance between the attachment sites of the MCL. The results support that a single strand or multistrand ligament reconstruction can be equivalent with respect to maximal peak loads and cyclic loading. There are concerns with regard to the use of interference screw fixation in the clinical situation.
Interference of fetal hemoglobin and labile glycosylated hemoglobin with measurements of glycosylated hemoglobin. (1983)

We examined the effect of fetal hemoglobin and labile glycosylated hemoglobin on a number of diverse methods used to measure glycosylated hemoglobin. Samples were supplemented with various amounts of cord blood to give proportions of fetal hemoglobin ranging from 1 to 20% of total hemoglobin concentration. Procedures in which the separation of hemoglobin A1 from the major hemoglobin A fraction is based on differences in ionic properties (cation-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis) are subject to interference by fetal hemoglobin, whereas procedures that base the quantitation on other properties (colorimetry and affinity column chromatography) are not. The same procedures that are affected by the presence of fetal hemoglobin are also subject to interference by labile glycosylated hemoglobin. We conclude that the affinity chromatographic and colorimetric methods may give a more nearly accurate determination of glycosylated hemoglobin.
A Novel Cathode Material with a Concentration‐Gradient for High‐Energy and Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract A high‐energy functional cathode material with an average composition of Li[Ni 0.72 Co 0.18 Mn 0.10 ]O 2 , mainly comprising a core material Li[Ni 0.8 Co 0.2 ]O 2 encapsulated completely within a stable manganese‐rich concentration‐gradient shell is successfully synthesized by a co‐precipitation process. The Li[Ni 0.72 Co 0.18 Mn 0.10 ]O 2 with a concentration‐gradient shell has a shell thickness of about 1 µm and an outer shell composition rich in manganese, Li[Ni 0.55 Co 0.15 Mn 0.30 ]O 2 . The core material can deliver a very high capacity of over 200 mA h g −1 , while the manganese‐rich concentration‐gradient shell improves the cycling and thermal stability of the material. These improvements are caused by a gradual and continuous increase of the stable tetravalent Mn in the concentration‐gradient shell layer. The electrochemical and thermal properties of this cathode material are found to be far superior to those of the core Li[Ni 0.8 Co 0.2 ]O 2 material alone. Electron microscopy also reveals that the original crystal structure of this material remains intact after cycling.
Observation of Magnetic Helicoidal Dichroism with Extreme Ultraviolet Light Vortices (2022)

We report on the experimental evidence of magnetic helicoidal dichroism, observed in the interaction of an extreme ultraviolet vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum with a magnetic vortex. Numerical simulations based on classical electromagnetic theory show that this dichroism is based on the interference of light modes with different orbital angular momenta, which are populated after the interaction between light and the magnetic topology. This observation gives insight into the interplay between orbital angular momentum and magnetism and sets the framework for the development of new analytical tools to investigate ultrafast magnetization dynamics.
Gene panel sequencing improves the diagnostic work-up of patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis and identifies new mutations (2016)

Erythrocytosis is a rare disorder characterized by increased red cell mass and elevated hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit. Several genetic variants have been identified as causes for erythrocytosis in genes belonging to different pathways including oxygen sensing, erythropoiesis and oxygen transport. However, despite clinical investigation and screening for these mutations, the cause of disease cannot be found in a considerable number of patients, who are classified as having idiopathic erythrocytosis. In this study, we developed a targeted next-generation sequencing panel encompassing the exonic regions of 21 genes from relevant pathways (~79 Kb) and sequenced 125 patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis. The panel effectively screened 97% of coding regions of these genes, with an average coverage of 450×. It identified 51 different rare variants, all leading to alterations of protein sequence, with 57 out of 125 cases (45.6%) having at least one of these variants. Ten of these were known erythrocytosis-causing variants, which had been missed following existing diagnostic algorithms. Twenty-two were novel variants in erythrocytosis-associated genes (EGLN1, EPAS1, VHL, BPGM, JAK2, SH2B3) and in novel genes included in the panel (e.g. EPO, EGLN2, HIF3A, OS9), some with a high likelihood of functionality, for which future segregation, functional and replication studies will be useful to provide further evidence for causality. The rest were classified as polymorphisms. Overall, these results demonstrate the benefits of using a gene panel rather than existing methods in which focused genetic screening is performed depending on biochemical measurements: the gene panel improves diagnostic accuracy and provides the opportunity for discovery of novel variants.
Selective Allosteric Modulation of N-Terminally Cleaved, but Not Full Length CCL3 in CCR1 (2019)

Chemokines undergo post-translational modification such as N-terminal truncations. Here, we describe how N-terminal truncation of full length CCL3<sup>(1-70)</sup> affects its activity at CCR1. Truncated CCL3<sup>(5-70)</sup> has 10-fold higher potency and enhanced efficacy in β-arrestin recruitment, but less than 2-fold increased potencies in G protein signaling determined by calcium release, cAMP and IP<sub>3</sub> formation. Small positive ago-allosteric ligands modulate the two CCL3 variants differently as the metal ion chelator bipyridine in complex with zinc (ZnBip) enhances the binding of truncated, but not full length CCL3, while a size-increase of the chelator to a chloro-substituted terpyridine (ZnClTerp), eliminates its allosteric, but not agonistic action. By employing a series of receptor mutants and <i>in silico</i> modeling we describe residues of importance for chemokine and small molecule binding. Notably, the chemokine receptor-conserved Glu287<sup>7.39</sup> interacts with the N-terminal amine of truncated CCL3<sup>(5-70)</sup> and with Zn<sup>2+</sup> of ZnBip, thereby bridging their binding sites and enabling the positive allosteric effect. Our study emphasizes that small allosteric molecules may act differently toward chemokine variants and thus selectively modulate interactions of specific chemokine subsets with their cognate receptors.
On the Flow Structure, Tip Leakage Cavitation Inception and Associated Noise (2001)

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of gap size on the flow structure and on the inception of tip leakage cavitation. Controlled cavitation tests were performed after de-aerating the water in the tunnel and using electrolysis to generate cavitation nuclei. The experiments consisted of simultaneously detecting cavitation inception using a 2000fps digital camera (visual) and two accelerometers (“acoustic”) mounted on the test-section windows. Good agreement between these methods was achieved when the visual observations were performed carefully. Portions of the signal containing cavitation noise were analyzed using Hilbert and Wavelet transforms. In order to obtain the time dependent spectra, rates of cavitation events as a function of the cavitation index (σ) for the 3 gap sizes (0.6, 1.4, 2.6mm) were measured. The observations clearly demonstrate that high amplitude noise spikes are generated when the bubbles are distorted and “shredded”—broken to several bubbles following their growth in the vortex core. Mere changes to bubble size and shape caused significantly lower noise. High resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) (a vector spacing of 180μm) was used to measure the flow, especially to capture the slender tip vortices where cavitation inception was observed. Seventy instantaneous realizations for the 0.6mm gap and 65 for the 1.4mm gap were analyzed to obtain distributions of circulation of the leakage vortex. PIV experiments for the 2.6mm gap are presently underway and only instantaneous samples are presented. The vortex core diameter was found to be 3–4 vector spacings. Minimum pressure coefficients in the cores of these vortices were estimated using a Rankine model. These coefficients showed a very good agreement with the measured cavitation inception indices.