gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Catalyst Durability and Sulfur Tolerance by Atomic Layer Deposition (CRADA Final Report) (2022)

This CRADA advanced the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) catalyst coatings to improve sulfur tolerance and demonstrate improved catalyst durability for biomass conversion chemistries. This project leveraged National Laboratory and industry expertise for ALD catalyst coating development between NREL, ALD NanoSolutions, Inc. ("ALD NanoSolutions"), and Johnson Matthey PLC ("Johnson Matthey"). To better understand the role of ALD coatings on catalyst activity and durability, a joint experimental and computational effort combined bench-scale ALD catalyst synthesis, material characterization, catalyst testing, and modeling of catalyst surface energetics. In addition, to demonstrate the commercial relevance of this technology, scaled ALD coated catalysts were subjected to continuous testing and accelerated aging to validate performance gains. Results were used to inform ALD catalyst coating manufacturing cost models, as well as biobased chemical process cost models.
Modular Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels for Stem Cell Differentiation (2012)

Abstract Synthetic polymers are employed to create highly defined microenvironments with controlled biochemical and biophysical properties for cell culture and tissue engineering. Chemical modification is required to input biological or chemical ligands, which often changes the fundamental structural properties of the material. Here, a simple modular biomaterial design strategy is reported that employs functional cyclodextrin nanobeads threaded onto poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer necklaces to form multifunctional hydrogels. Nanobeads with desired chemical or biological functionalities can be simply threaded onto the PEG chains to form hydrogels, creating an accessible platform for users. The design and synthesis of these multifunctional hydrogels are described, structure‐property relationships are elucidated, and applications ranging from stem cell culture and differentiation to tissue engineering are demonstrated.
Analyzing LINC Systems (2010)

In this article, an analysis of LINC PA efficiency and linearity is observed. The use of two highly efficient PAs operated with constant envelope signals in the LINC transmitter does not in and of itself guarantee that the overall efficiency of the LINC amplifier will be high. It's shown that the use of matched combiner gives good linearity but the efficiency is decreased when the peak-to-average of signal increases. The same isolation between the two amplifiers is what gives the high linearity at the output. To avoid the efficiency losses in the matched combiner, the lossless Chireix-outphasing combiner has been presented. The nonisolating combiner presents time-varying impedances to the output of RF amplifier of each branch as the phase difference between the branches increases, thus significantly improving the LINC average efficiency. Impedance mismatching between the amplifiers and outphasing combiner have been explicitly taken into account. Closed-form expressions for the voltages at the output of the combiner, the instantaneous impedance seen by each amplifier, as well as the instantaneous efficiencyof the combiner, have been developed and presented. It has been shown that the new voltage expressions are consistent with the nonlinearity behavior of the Chireix combiner/thus demonstrating that the combining structure is a source of nonlinearity. To validate this approach many types of signals are considered as CDMA WCDMA and OFDMA (QPSKA, 16-QAM, 64-QAM) signals. Other sources of distortion such as imbalances between two branches are presented and how to compensate this imbalance is proposed. In light of the results obtained, the use of the Chireixoutphasing combiner with saturated nonlinear amplifiers to reach the objective of both high-efficiency and high-linearity amplification does not seem possible. The potential use of phase predistortion to reach this objective remains to be investigated.
Low Back Pressure, High Efficiency Automotive Cabin Air Odor Filters (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Preliminary back pressure and adsorption performance results are reported for two activated carbon honeycomb materials. The carbon impregnated honeycomb (CIH) material is porous ceramic honeycomb with a complete impregnation and coating of activated carbon on all ceramic surfaces. It offers the potential to be a permanent odor filter in that it can be in situ electrically regenerated. It has adsorption performance similar to commercially available layered filters, but has much lower back pressure. The second material is an activated carbon honeycomb (ACH) and is not ceramic-based as is CIH. As such, it has much more activated carbon and superior adsorption performance. The back pressure is low, as with CIH. It has significant potential as a high-performing disposable odor filter.&lt;/div&gt;
A Siliconized Hollow Fiber Membrane Oxygenator (2000)

Most membrane oxygenators are built with microporous fibers known for plasma leakage in long-term use such as extracorporeal life support or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The current study was designed to evaluate the Quadrox oxygenator in which the fibers have been coated with silicone (Jostra). Six calves (mean weight, 62 +/- 4 kg) were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by jugular venous and carotid arterial cannulation, with a mean flow rate of 3 L/min for 6 hours. They were randomly assigned to a standard Quadrox oxygenator (standard group, n = 3) or a siliconized Quadrox oxygenator (silicone group, n = 3). After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed. A standard battery of blood samples was taken before bypass, after mixing for 10 minutes, and after 1, 2, 5, and 6 hours of perfusion. Analysis of variance was used for repeated measurements. Total oxygen transfer and carbon dioxide transfer did not differ between groups (p = 0.5 for comparison). Blood trauma, evaluated by plasma hemoglobin (Hb), did not detect any significant hemolysis in either group. Thrombocyte and white blood cell count profiles in both groups were parallel and without significant differences (p = 0.1 and 0.6, respectively). At the end of testing no clot deposition was found in the oxygenator. At postmortem, there were no signs of peripheral emboli. The results of this study suggest that this silicone coating of hollow fibers allows for good gas transfer, while preserving all the mechanical advantages of a conventional hollow fiber oxygenator.
Highly articulated robotic probe for minimally invasive surgery (2006)

We have developed a novel highly articulated robotic probe (HARP) that can thread through tightly packed volumes without disturbing the surrounding tissues and organs. We use cardiac surgery as the focal application of this work. As such, we have designed the HARP to enter the pericardial cavity through a subxiphoid port. The surgeon can effectively reach remote intrapericardial locations on the epicardium and deliver therapeutic interventions under direct control. Our device differs from others in that we use conventional actuation and still have great maneuverability. We have performed proof-of-concept clinical experiments to give us preliminary validation of the ideas presented here.
Energy-throughput simulation approach for heterogeneous LTE scenarios (2011)

In order to increase overall LTE system performance femtocells have been proposed, as a user-based solution promising to give much better service to the user specially indoor. Their deployment should improve the total system capacity noticeably and decrease drastically the power consumption. On the other hand these small indoor cells make network planning strategies much more complex given the uncertainty of their position and their load; femtocells are, after all, managed by the users. The goal of this work is to provide a simulation approach to determine the effects of heterogeneous cell deployment on the performance of an LTE network. The simulation framework allows to realistically compare the power consumption and throughput of the overall system. The key components are the combination of indoor and outdoor propagation modeling, and the diversification of femto, micro and macro-cell energy consumption models. The model further contains complex citylike building structures, multiple communication layers (eNodeBs and femtocells) distributed over a three-dimensional map and numerous users moving across different areas while adapting their service requirements. The simulation approach results in relatively computationally inexpensive simulations and allows to model the expected throughput and energy consumption for various heterogeneous LTE scenarios.
Air trapping ability of the Spiral Gold™ membrane oxygenator: an ex vivo study (1998)

Despite an overall improvement in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) technology and materials, air emboli still occur. The latest generation membrane oxygenator from Bentley Laboratories, the SpiralGold, was tested ex vivo for its air handling ability. The study was conducted on four calves. Bolus amounts of air of 10, 15 and 20 cm3 were each injected three times, upstream of the oxygenator and a bubble detector located directly downstream. The amount of bubbles was measured semiquantitatively on a 10 unit scale (U one semiquantitative unit). The animals were killed 10 days after the CPB. When 10 cm3 of air was injected, no bubbles were detected. With 15 and 20 cm3, respectively, 1 +/- 1.5 and 5 +/- 3.3 U of bubbles were detected. Despite a total of 135 cm3 of air injected as large bolus amounts, all the animals survived without any obvious neurological deficit secondary to air bubble manipulation. In conclusion, the SpiralGold oxygenator per se can reliably trap an air bolus of up to 10 cm3. This feature should be taken into account when choosing an oxygenator, as it offers an additional barrier to air bubbles in the CPB circuit.
Enzyme Immunoassay for Serum 18-Hydroxycorticosterone and Its Clinical Application (1985)

An enzyme immunoassay for serum 18-hydroxycorticosterone was established using alkaline phosphatase as a label. The antiserum for 18-hydroxycorticosterone was produced by immunization of rabbits with 18-hydroxycorticosterone 3-(o-carboxymethyl) oxime conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography was used to separate 18-hydroxycorticosterone from other steroids in serum samples. The minimal detectable amount of 18-hydroxycorticosterone was 50 pg/tube, and the measurable range was from 5 to 1000 ng/dl when a 1.0 ml serum sample was used. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variance were 5.0% (n = 6), and 5.8% (n = 6), respectively. In normal controls the serum 18-hydroxycorticosterone level was 4.8 approximately 34.0 ng/dl (mean +/- S.D. = 17.1 +/- 9.0 ng/dl) on an unrestricted diet. Seven out of 8 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma had above-normal serum 18-hydroxycorticosterone levels. Serum 18-hydroxycorticosterone increased and decreased significantly following ACTH and dexamethasone administration, respectively. In essential hypertensive patients, serum 18-hydroxycorticosterone was high during a low-sodium diet and was suppressed remarkably by captopril. These observations support the previous reports that adrenal 18-hydroxycorticosterone synthesis is dependent on both ACTH and the renin-angiotensin system. The present method is sufficiently sensitive and producible, avoids the use of radioisotopes and is quite satisfactory for clinical use.
15-nm channel length MoS<inf>2</inf> FETs with single- and double-gate structures (2015)

We demonstrate single- and double-gated (SG & DG) field effect transistors (FETs) with a record source-drain length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S/D</sub> ) of 15 nm built on monolayer (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> ~0.7 nm) and 4-layer (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> ~3 nm) MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> channels using monolayer graphene as the Source/Drain contacts. The best devices, corresponding to DG 4-layer MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -FETs with L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S/D</sub> =15 nm, had an I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> in excess of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> and a minimum subthreshold swing (SS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min.</sub> ) of 90 mV/dec. at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> =0.5 V. At L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S/D</sub> =1 μm and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> =0.5 V, SS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min.</sub> =66 mV/dec., which is the best SS reported in MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> FETs, indicating the high quality of the interface and the enhanced channel electrostatics.
Structure-Function Relationships in Lysozyme by Circular Dichroism1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-Function Relationships in Lysozyme by Circular Dichroism1Alexander N. Glazer and Norman S. SimmonsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 10, 2335–2336Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00962a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00962a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduction in write error rate of voltage-driven dynamic magnetization switching by improving thermal stability factor (2017)

In this study, we demonstrate voltage-driven dynamic magnetization switching for the write error rate (WER) of the order of 10−5. The largest voltage effect on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Ta/(CoxFe100–x)80B20/MgO structure (x = 0, 10, 31, 51) is obtained for x = 31 after annealing at 250 °C. Based on investigations using perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions that have different (Co31Fe69)80B20 free layer thicknesses, we demonstrate that the improvement in the thermal stability factor is important to reduce the WER. Our results will facilitate the design of highly reliable, voltage–torque, magnetoresistive random access memory.
Comparing the Currents Measured by CARTHE, CODE and SVP Drifters as a Function of Wind and Wave Conditions in the Southwestern Mediterranean Sea (2022)

Instruments drifting at the ocean surface are quasi-Lagrangian, that is, they do not follow exactly the near-surface ocean currents. The currents measured by three commonly-used drifters (CARTHE, CODE and SVP) are compared in a wide range of sea state conditions (winds up to 17 m/s and significant wave height up to 3 m). Nearly collocated and simultaneous drifter measurements in the southwestern Mediterranean reveal that the CARTHE and CODE drifters measure the currents in the first meter below the surface in approximately the same way. When compared to SVP drogued at 15 m nominal depth, the CODE and CARTHE currents are essentially downwind (and down-wave), with a typical speed of 0.5-1% of the wind speed. However, there is a large scatter in velocity differences between CODE/CARTHE and SVP for all wind and sea state conditions encountered, principally due to vertical and horizontal shears not related to the wind. For the CODE drifter with wind speed larger than 10 m/s and significant wave height larger than 1 m, about 30-40% of this difference can be explained by Stokes drift.
Enhanced vascular relaxation through epoxygenase depends on ATP‐sensitive K+ channels via adenosine A2A receptor: Role of high salt diet (2009)

We hypothesize that high salt (HS) diet promotes aortic relaxation in mice through epoxygenases activating ATP‐sensitive K + channels, via adenosine A 2A receptor (A 2A AR). Aortae from male mice fed HS (4% NaCl) or normal salt (NS, 0.45% NaCl) diets for 4‐5 wks were used. Concentration responses to NECA (10 −11 ‐10 −5 M; non‐selective adenosine agonist) and CGS 21680 (A 2A AR agonist, 10 −12 ‐10 −6 M) were obtained with inhibitors. NECA (10 −6 M) and CGS 21680 (10 −6 M) produced significant relaxation (p&lt;0.05) in HS (NECA: 28.37 ± 3.96%; CGS 21680: 27.89 ± 4.55%) compared to NS (NECA: 4.09 ± 2.33%, CGS 21680: 4.92 ± 2.25%). MS‐PPOH (CYP epoxygenases inhibitor; 10 −5 M) &amp; 14,15‐EEZE (14,15‐EET blocker, 10 −5 M) abolished CGS 21680 induced relaxation (p&lt;0.05) while glibenclamide (K ATP channel blocker; 10 −5 M) &amp; 5‐hydroxydecanoate (mitochondrial K ATP channel blocker; 10 −5 M) changed into contraction (p&lt;0.05) in HS. DDMS (CYP4A inhibitor; 10 −5 M) &amp; HET0016 (20‐HETE blocker; 10 −5 M) have increased relaxation (p&lt;0.05) in NS. However, no significant difference was found between DDMS &amp; HET0016 treated HS &amp; NS vs. control HS aorta. CYP2J2 (46%) and CYP4A (35%) proteins were up (p&lt;0.05) in HS and NS respectively. These data suggest that HS diet possibly enhanced CYP2J2 activity causing increased opening of K ATP channels leading to higher aortic relaxation through A 2A AR. Supported by HL027339, HL094447, AHA0755264B, GM 31278 &amp; IRP NIEHS /NIH
Discovery of Infectious Disease Biomarkers in Murine Anthrax Model Using Mass Spectrometry of the Low-Molecular-Mass Serum Proteome (2009)

A novel mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach to the identification of host-derived biomarkers (BMs) in the circulating low-molecular-mass (LMM) fraction ( <25 kDa) of blood proteome was tested in a murine model . DBA2/J mice were challenged intraperitonially with spores of either the toxigenic B. anthracis Sterne strain (pXO1 + , pXO2 - ) that is virulent in DBA/2 mice or the nontoxigenic, non-virulent delta Sterne strain (pXO 1 - , pXO2 - ). Serum samples were obtained at multiple time points and seperated by continuous flow denaturing gel electrophoresis followed by Coomassie staining to i so- late the LMM archive for subsequent MS identificati on. Peptide fragments derived from more than 200 protei ns displayed low-variance differential abundances betw een lethal and non-lethal challenges. Several proteins from the MS analysis were subjected to secondary verific a- tion by western blots. Serum abundances of 6 prote ins (carbonic anhydrase 2, adenylate kinase 1, peroxyre doxin 2, UMP-CMP kinase, Ras-related C3 botulinum substra te 1, and destrin) from a total of 10 tested proteins were strongly coincident with established anthrax diseas e and mortality thus making them potential candidates for host- derived anthrax disease associated BMs. These BMs were demonstrated to be “elastic” in that their abu ndance levels in sera of doxycycline-treated mice responde d to the therapeutic intervention thus making them usefu l tools for monitoring efficacies of existing and novel tre atment regimens.
DFT Study of the Interaction of a single Palladium Atom with $\gamma $-Alumina Surfaces: the Role of Hydroxylation (2006)

Considering the crucial role of the -alumina solid phase in heterogeneous catalysis as a support of numerous active phases, a revised and improved atomistic description of -alumina surfaces was mandatory to furnish new highlights in the field of -alumina supported catalysts. Two important scientific challenges in heterogeneous catalysis have recently been taken up by modern Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations. The first challenge described in this paper is to show that DFT calculations combined with simple thermodynamic model provide an elegant way of determining the stable chemical species at the -alumina surface (such as hydroxyls or Lewis sites) as a function of reaction conditions. The (100) and (110) surfaces exposed mainly by the -alumina nanocrystallites exhibit two distinct behaviors regarding their hydroxylation states. The (110) surface maintains a high degree of hydroxyl coverage even at high temperature, whereas the (100) surface is dehydrated at low temperature. This first important step being achieved, a second challenge in heterogeneous catalysis is the interaction of the active phase with -alumina. In the second part of this paper, we present the adsorption of a single palladium atoms (Pd1) on the (100) and (110) -alumina surfaces. By determining the potential energy surface of Pd on -alumina, the relationship between structure and metal-oxide interaction energy at the interface is depicted. Furthermore, new insights are provided on the chemisorption and diffusion processes of Pd on the two surfaces. The adsorption energy and the hopping rate of Pd are strongly reduced when the hydroxyl coverage increases such as found on the (110) surface. As a consequence, the surface hydroxylation appears as a key parameter for understanding the active phase/support interaction and enables the interpretation of available experimental data.
Coherent effects in a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser (1994)

The spectral and temporal characteristics of approximately 10-fs pulses from a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser were found to exhibit large deviations from the predictions of current theories of mode locking. A simple model that takes into account coherent coupling between the circulating pulse and the gain medium gives results in good agreement with experimental observations.
High Temperature Preparation of Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts Using Water as Solvent. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.