gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable infrared plasmonics (Conference Presentation) (2018)

The deep subwavelength confinement of infrared light offers exciting opportunities to manipulate photons, engineer thermal energy transport, and enhance molecular reactivity. Applications leveraging these phenomena will require constituent materials and devices that not only exhibit precisely controlled structural and compositional heterogeneity, but also can be produced at very large scales. Purely top-down fabrication techniques are unlikely to succeed in both regards. The bottom-up vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism – whereby a liquid seed particle collects precursor molecules from the vapor and directs crystallization of a nanowire – promises the requisite nanoscale programming of structure and composition while simultaneously being amenable to high-throughput manufacturing. This talk will describe our recent efforts to synthesize, understand, and engineer the infrared plasmonic properties of VLS-grown semiconductor nanowires. In particular, I will discuss (i) how programming of dopant profile along the nanowire length enables designer infrared spectral responses, (ii) that combining the dielectric properties of semiconductors and the 1-D geometry of nanowires leads to very strong near-field interactions, and (iii) that these interactions promise the efficient waveguiding of light and heat.
Protein and drug interactions in the minor groove of DNA (2002)

Interactions between proteins, drugs, water and B-DNA minor groove have been analyzed in crystal structures of 60 protein-DNA and 14 drug-DNA complexes. It was found that only purine N3, pyrimidine O2, guanine N2 and deoxyribose O4' are involved in the interactions, and that contacts to N3 and O2 are most frequent and more polar than contacts to O4'. Many protein contacts are mediated by water, possibly to increase the DNA effective surface. Fewer water-mediated contacts are observed in drug complexes. The distributions of ligands around N3 are significantly more compact than around O2, and distributions of water molecules are the most compact. Distributions around O4' are more diffuse than for the base atoms but most distributions still have just one binding site. Ligands bind to N3 and O2 atoms in analogous positions, and simultaneous binding to N3 and N2 in guanines is extremely rare. Contacts with two consecutive nucleotides are much more frequent than base-sugar contacts within one nucleotide. The probable reason for this is the large energy of deformation of hydrogen bonds for the one nucleotide motif. Contacts of Arg, the most frequent amino acid ligand, are stereochemically indistinguishable from the binding of the remaining amino acids except asparagine (Asn) and phenylalanine (Phe). Asn and Phe bind in distinct ways, mostly to a deformed DNA, as in the complexes of TATA-box binding proteins. DNA deformation concentrates on dinucleotide regions with a distinct deformation of the delta and epsilon backbone torsion angles for the Asn and delta, epsilon, zeta and chi for the Phe-contacted regions.
Simulation-Based Approach in Design of 3D Micro-Glassblown Structures for Inertial and Optical Sensors (2019)

This paper presents a numerical simulation framework for the micro-glassblowing process to design three-dimensional (3D) resonant shells for inertial sensors, and non-resonant cells for optical and atomic sensors. The micro-glassblowing of micro-spherical atomic cells out of Borosilicate Glass (BSG) and micro Hemi-toroidal shells out of Fused Quartz (FQ) are simulated to predict the resulting 3D geometries. Based on the presented simulation framework, strategies to modify the geometry of glassblown shells for improvement of optical and mechanical properties are presented. Micro-spherical BSG cells with >97% sphericity and improved thickness distribution for optical transmission, and low-frequency FQ micro-shell resonators with more than 6× modal separation were designed. The simulation-based approach in this study can be used for the optimization of the 3D shell geometry to achieve higher sphericity, an improved optical light transmission, structural rigidity in micro-spherical cells, and larger modal separation and decoupled mass and stiffness in micro shell resonator.
A Connection Between the Kalman Filter and an Optimized LMS Algorithm for Bilinear Forms (2018)

The system identification problem becomes more challenging when the parameter space increases. Recently, several works have focused on the identification of bilinear forms, which are related to the impulse responses of a spatiotemporal model, in the context of a multiple-input/single-output system. In this framework, the problem was addressed in terms of the Wiener filter and different basic adaptive algorithms. This paper studies two types of algorithms tailored for the identification of such bilinear forms, i.e., the Kalman filter (along with its simplified version) and an optimized least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. Also, a comparison between them is performed, which shows interesting similarities. In addition to the mathematical derivation of the algorithms, we also provide extensive experimental results, which support the theoretical findings and indicate the good performance of the proposed solutions.
User-state Prediction using Brain Connectivity (2019)

There are different types of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The different type of the BCI has different strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, different type BCI is used depending on the applications. The BCI system will be powerful if different type of the BCI can be applied to the one system according to a user-state. To implement the BCI system, prediction of the user state is required. In this paper, we investigated the change of brain networks according to the user states using mutual information. Our results showed that the brain networks were changed according to the user states. The result implies that multi-mode BCI system will be possible by predicting user state using brain connectivity.
The Unfolding Merger of Television and Movie Technology (2012)

Live show video rendering to Rec709 typically has used a simple in-camera rendering. Movies until about the year 2000 were predominantly made on film, and printed to film. — Movies have been predominantly 24fps, whereas live video has used higher motion rates. — The telecine, and also the digital film scanner, began to decouple the wide range film capture from the image produced for movie release or television release. — High-end digital cameras now capture a wide dynamic range, logically corresponding to the extended range captured on camera film negative. — A new system ingredient is the ACES system with a 16-bit half-float representation, a Reference Rendering Transform, followed by a device-specific Output Device Transform. This structure provides a unifying mechanism, bringing video and film technology closer together in underlying technology, and also in image appearance.
A Critical Study To Comprehend Amendments In Indian Education System Post Covid-19 (2020)

India as a youth nation had 37.4 million learners enrolled in higher education in year 2018-19. The nation has turn out to be the second foremost marketplace for e-learning after the US. The segment is anticipated to reach US$ 1.96 billion by the year 2021 with estimated 9.5 million users. Owing to the pandemic edification has transformed dramatically, with the distinctive increase of e-learning, whereby education is accepted remotely and on digital podia. Even previously COVID-19, there was already high advancement and adoption in education technology. Whether it is software based, cybernetic tutoring, video conferencing paraphernalia, or e-learning software, there has been a noteworthy surge in practice since COVID-19 in the nation. There is a need for a gear swing in our thoughts about educating and learning to create an enabling atmosphere for learning with technology. Teacher capacity is key, but we must also change our mindset about teaching and learning as just a same time, same place activity. This study is based on primary data and explorative in nature, which outcomes assertively to the paradigm shift in Indian education system amid & post covid-19 era.
Effect of Isomerism and Chain Length on Electronic Structure, Photophysics, and Sensitizer Efficiency in Quadrupolar (Donor)2–Acceptor Systems for Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

We report on quadrupolar (donor)2-acceptor sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The acceptor units are based on dithieno[2,3-a:3',2'-c]phenazine and dithieno[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine coupled to thiophene donors. The optoelectronic and photophysical properties of two sets of isomers reveal a rigid structure for linear isomers and an efficient nonradiative decay for branched isomers. These sensitizers were integrated into DSSCs, and the quadrupolar structure is an operational design, as the IPCE reached up to 38% from 400 nm to 600 nm. The lengthening of the donor chain increases the efficiency, demonstrating the appeal of these oligomeric dyes for DSSCs.
Via patterning in the 7-nm node using immersion lithography and graphoepitaxy directed self-assembly (2017)

Insertion of a graphoepitaxy directed self-assembly process as a via patterning technology into integrated circuit fabrication is seriously considered for the 7-nm node and beyond. At these dimensions, a graphoepitaxy process using a cylindrical block copolymer that enables hole multiplication can alleviate costs by extending 193-nm immersion-based lithography and significantly reducing the number of masks that would be required per layer. To be considered for implementation, it needs to be proved that this approach can achieve the required pattern quality in terms of defects and variability using a representative, aperiodic design. The patterning of a via layer from an actual 7-nm node logic layout is demonstrated using immersion lithography and graphoepitaxy directed self-assembly in a fab-like environment. The performance of the process is characterized in detail on a full 300-mm wafer scale. The local variability in an edge placement error of the obtained patterns (4.0 nm 3σ for singlets) is in line with the recent results in the field and significantly less than of the prepattern (4.9 nm 3σ for singlets). In addition, it is expected that pattern quality can be further improved through an improved mask design and optical proximity correction. No major complications for insertion of the graphoepitaxy directed self-assembly into device manufacturing were observed.
Selectively Thermally Cleavable Fluorinated Side Chain Block Copolymers:  Surface Chemistry and Surface Properties (2000)

A series of monodisperse poly(styrene-b-isoprene[-g-perfluoroacyl]) block copolymers was synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization of styrene and isoprene. The perfluorinated ester side chains were attached to the remaining double bonds of the isoprene block via oxidative hydroboration and esterification of the resulting alcohol by the corresponding perfluorinated acid chloride. Surfaces of the pure polymers or blends in polystyrene exhibit a notable fractional surface excess of the perfluorinated side chains within the uppermost 100 Å depending on the surface preparation and the block copolymer composition. Thus, these surfaces are highly hydrophobic having advancing water contact angles of up to 122°. When samples are heated to 340 °C, the perfluorinated side chains can be selectively cleaved off by a thermal ester cleavage, leaving the backbone of the polymer completely intact. As a result, the hydrophobicity of the resulting poly(styrene-b-isoprene) polymer surface is reversed to an advancing water contact angle < 90°. The selective thermal ester cleavage in combination with a subsequent chemical surface derivatization may have the potential to selectively change the surface functionality. If the thermal cleavage is done locally, patterning of the surface functionality seems possible.
Novel Low Temperature Curable Photo-Patternable Polyamide with High Planarity for Wafer Level Fan-Out Packaging (WLFO) (2018)

Abstract As Wafer Level Fan-Out Packaging (WLFO) designs continue to evolve, higher pattern densities for Cu lines and interconnects continue to increase while thickness continues to decrease. As Cu densities increase, the patterning resolution of the RDL dielectric needs to shrink to allow increased bump density. The higher Cu density in turn requires enhanced dielectric performance to minimize Cu migration, whilst utilizing lower temperature and shorter cure times which result in lower levels of wafer warpage. Minimizing mechanical stress, continues to be a critical function of the RDL dielectric. Warpage leads to poor yields, distorting the planarity of the package and ultimately leading to stress induced failure from cracking and delamination. Reduction of the thermal budget is the primary means of reducing mechanical stress in WLFO designs. The amount of Cu in the package continues to increase. Differences in thermal expansions of such and the dielectric increase with temperature. Further, conventional solder reflow processes and set points will continue to be used, therefore the RDL dielectric must continue to be thermally and mechanically stable but capable of being cured at lower temperatures, 180–200 °C to minimize overall mechanical stresses from thermal expansion. We present a novel polyamide based RDL dielectric, KMRD, designed to achieve current and future WLFO design requirements. KMRD is a low temperature curable, aqueous (2.38%TMAH) developable dielectric capable of meeting industry standards for mechanical and electrical requirements, with a high level of reliability while utilizing a single stage cure at 185 °C. KMRD provides clear advantages over incumbent materials, with low temperature cure, improved pattern resolution, wide process latitudes, superior adhesion, chemical compatibility, and cost benefits using standard processing equipment and chemistry.
A PROTOTYPE SYSTEM FOR USE IN DESIGNING UBIQUITOUS ENVIRONMENTAL SPACES (2006)

The advent of the Âubiquitous computing societyÂ, in which computing will be omnipresent, will bring about drastic changes in the design of building and the cities they form. The goal of our research is to establish guidelines for designing structures and urban spaces best suited for a ubiquitous environment. As a first step, in this paper we discuss how ubiquitous computing can be applied from both the notional and technical viewpoints, develop a prototype system using it. Then we test this system in real-project, and explore the feasibility of applying this system in a ubiquitous environment.
Tuning the Structure of Protein Particles and Gels with Calcium or Sodium Ions (2013)

The effect of the addition of NaCl or CaCl2 on the structure of protein particles and gels was investigated in detail for aqueous solutions of the globular milk protein β-lactoglobulin at 40g/L and pH 7.0. When heated in the presence of NaCl or at very low CaCl2 concentrations, the proteins form small strand-like particles, but if more than about two Ca(2+) ions per protein are present, larger spherical particles (microgels) are formed, which increase in size with increasing CaCl2 concentration. The effect of the heating temperature was investigated between 62 and 85 °C. At lower heating temperatures, more Ca(2+) ions per protein are needed to drive the formation of microgels. Particle size measurements done with dynamic light scattering suggest that the aggregation occurs via a nucleation and growth process. The nuclei grow either by fusion or by addition of denatured proteins. If more than three Ca(2+) ions per protein are added, particulate gels are formed by random association of the microgels. Similar particulate gels are also formed at high NaCl concentrations (>200 mM), but by a different mechanism. In this case, the randomly aggregated small strands formed at the early stage of the heating process formed dense spherical domains at a later stage of the heating process by microphase separation that randomly associated to form a particulate gel.
Liposomal Extravasation and Accumulation in Tumors as Studied by Fluorescence Microscopy and Imaging Depend on the Fluorescent Label (2021)

Tumor trafficking of liposomes is routinely monitored via fluorescence microscopy and imaging. To investigate whether an accumulation of liposomes depends on the type of fluorescent label, we prepared PEGylated liposomes dual-labeled with indocarbocyanine lipids (ICLs: DiD or DiI) and fluorescent phospholipids (FPLs: Cy3-DSPE or Cy5-DSPE) with similar cyanine headgroups but different spectra. Using <i>ex vivo</i> confocal microscopy and imaging, we compared tumor extravasation and accumulation of ICLs and FPLs. After systemic injection in a syngeneic mouse model of 4T1 breast cancer, ICLs and FPLs initially colocalized in tumor blood vessels and perivascular space. At later time points, ICLs spread over a significantly larger tumor area and accumulated in tumor macrophages, whereas FPLs were mostly restricted to the vasculature with limited extravascular signal. This phenomenon was independent of liposomal composition and ICL/FPL type and was also observed in syngeneic intracranial GL261 glioma and LY2 head and neck cancer models. The dual-labeled liposomes were stable in plasma and delivered both dyes to tumors at early time points. Notably, while the level of ICLs increased over time, FPLs gradually disappeared from tumors and other organs <i>in vivo</i>, likely due to degradation of the phospholipid. These findings demonstrate that trafficking and stability of the label is of critical importance when assessing extravasation and accumulation of nanocarriers in tumors and other organs by fluorescence microscopy and imaging.
On the sojourn time of a batch in the $M^{[X]}/M/1$ Processor Sharing Queue (2020)

In this paper, we analyze the sojourn of an entire batch in a processor sharing $M^{[X]}/M/1$ processor queue, where geometrically distributed batches arrive according to a Poisson process and jobs require exponential service times. By conditioning on the number of jobs in the systems and the number of jobs in a tagged batch, we establish recurrence relations between conditional sojourn times, which subsequently allow us to derive a partial differential equation for an associated bivariate generating function. This equation involves an unknown generating function, whose coefficients can be computed by solving an infinite lower triangular linear system. Once this unknown function is determined, we compute the Laplace transform and the mean value of the sojourn time of a batch in the system.
Searches for additional Higgs bosons and for vector leptoquarks in ττ final states in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2023)

A bstract Three searches are presented for signatures of physics beyond the standard model (SM) in ττ final states in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, using a data sample collected with the CMS detector at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 . Upper limits at 95% confidence level (CL) are set on the products of the branching fraction for the decay into τ leptons and the cross sections for the production of a new boson ϕ , in addition to the H(125) boson, via gluon fusion (gg ϕ ) or in association with b quarks, ranging from $$ \mathcal{O} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:math> (10 pb) for a mass of 60 GeV to 0.3 fb for a mass of 3.5 TeV each. The data reveal two excesses for gg ϕ production with local p -values equivalent to about three standard deviations at m ϕ = 0 . 1 and 1.2 TeV. In a search for t -channel exchange of a vector leptoquark U 1 , 95% CL upper limits are set on the dimensionless U 1 leptoquark coupling to quarks and τ leptons ranging from 1 for a mass of 1 TeV to 6 for a mass of 5 TeV, depending on the scenario. In the interpretations of the $$ {M}_{\textrm{h}}^{125} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mn>125</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and $$ {M}_{\textrm{h},\textrm{EFT}}^{125} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>EFT</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>125</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> minimal supersymmetric SM benchmark scenarios, additional Higgs bosons with masses below 350 GeV are excluded at 95% CL.
Abstract B05: PI3K/mTOR pathway-dependent regulation of oxygen metabolism via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)-E1alpha phosphorylation (2015)

Abstract The PI3K/mTOR pathway plays a central role in coupling metabolic processes to the cellular proliferative state. In the current study we show that pharmacological inhibition of this pathway leads to a decrease in hypoxia within SQ20B human head and neck cancer xenografts. The mechanism underlying the effect appears in part to be due to reduced tumor cell oxygen consumption induced by the drug. Pharmacologic inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway or genetic inhibition of Akt/PI3K decreased the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in transformed cell lines in vitro by 30-40%. Pharmacologic inhibition of this pathway increased phosphorylation of the E1alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex on Ser293, an inhibitory modification of this critical gatekeeper of mitochondrial respiration. Expressing wild type PTEN in a doxycycline-inducible manner in a glioblastoma cell line with mutant PTEN led to an increase in PDH-E1alpha phosphorylation and a decrease in OCR. The decrease in OCR with PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition was recapitulated by knocking down PDH-E1alpha expression using siRNA. Pre-treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), a known inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) that phosphorylate PDH-E1alpha prevented the upregulation in PDH-E1alpha phosphorylation, induced by inhibition of the pathway and also blunted the decrease in OCR. Our findings highlight an association between the PI3K/mTOR pathway and tumor cell oxygen consumption and reveal a novel link between this pathway and PDH phosphorylation. These results have important implications for understanding the effects PI3K pathway activation in tumor metabolism and also in the use of inhibitors of this pathway in cancer therapy Citation Format: George Cerniglia, Souvik Dey, Shannon M. Gallagher-Colombo, Natalie Daurio, Stephen Tuttle, Theresa M. Busch, Alexander Lin, Tatiana V. Esipova, Sergei Vinogradov, Constantinos Koumenis, Amit Maity. PI3K/mTOR pathway-dependent regulation of oxygen metabolism via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)-E1alpha phosphorylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B05.