gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for regulation of the PTEN tumor suppressor by a membrane-localized multi-PDZ domain containing scaffold protein MAGI-2 (2000)

PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene mutated in human cancers. Although many mutations target the phosphatase domain, others create a truncated protein lacking the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif or a protein that extends beyond the PDZ-binding motif. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we isolated a membrane-associated guanylate kinase family protein with multiple PDZ domains [AIP-1 (atrophin interacting protein 1), renamed MAGI-2 (membrane associated guanylate kinase inverted-2)]. MAGI-2 contains eight potential protein-protein interaction domains and is localized to tight junctions in the membrane of epithelial cells. PTEN binds to MAGI-2 through an interaction between the PDZ-binding motif of PTEN and the second PDZ domain of MAGI-2. MAGI-2 enhances the ability of PTEN to suppress Akt activation. Furthermore, certain PTEN mutants have reduced stability, which is restored by adding the minimal PDZ-binding motif back to the truncated protein. We propose that MAGI-2 improves the efficiency of PTEN signaling through assembly of a multiprotein complex at the cell membrane.
A new process for thinned, back-illuminated CCD imager devices (2003)

A manufacturable process for converting a front-illuminated CCD imager to its back-illuminated counterpart is described. Low-light-level imaging is enhanced, especially in the blue and deep-ultraviolet region. Quantum efficiency is significantly improved by forming a shallow p/sup +/ accumulation layer on the back surface using a laser-induced activation of very-low-energy boron implantation. The fabrication process has been applied to 64-*128-, 420-*420-, and 420-*840-pixel imagers. An example of imaging obtained with the 420-*420-pixel imager is shown and discussed. Experimental results showing the enhanced response of the 64-*128-pixel imager are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Slab Point-Defect Cavity Employing Local Three-Dimensional Structures (2006)

The two-dimensional photonic crystal cavities employing local three-dimensional structures are investigated. Donor-type cavities with small and shallow holes are examined as examples of cavities with a local three-dimensional structure. It is shown that both the far-field and near-field patterns of the cavities can be controlled by the addition of small and shallow holes. The fabrication of such structures using a focused ion beam is proposed and investigated. Residual gallium ions, used in fabrication with a focused ion beam, lead to optical absorption; these gallium ions can be removed by heat treatment at 800 °C. The near-field pattern of a fabricated three-dimensional cavity is measured, and is shown to be consistent with a theoretical analysis.
Pathologic Quantification of Connective Tissue Disease–Associated Versus Idiopathic Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (2012)

Patients with CTD-UIP had fewer, smaller FFs than did patients with I-UIP, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis-UIP had more, larger LAs than did patients with I-UIP. Of importance, the coexistence of UIP and the nonspecific interstitial pneumonia patterns was one of the most salient features in distinguishing CTD-UIP from I-UIP because CTD-UIP demonstrated an increased prevalence of multilobar, cellular, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia patterns in areas away from the UIP fibrosis.
Murine Models of Lysosomal Storage Diseases Exhibit Differences in Brain Protein Aggregation and Neuroinflammation (2021)

Genetic, epidemiological and experimental evidence implicate lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. Investigate several mouse models of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and evaluate pathologies reminiscent of synucleinopathies. We obtained brain tissue from symptomatic mouse models of Gaucher, Fabry, Sandhoff, Niemann-Pick A (NPA), Hurler, Pompe and Niemann-Pick C (NPC) diseases and assessed for the presence of Lewy body-like pathology (proteinase K-resistant α-synuclein and tau aggregates) and neuroinflammation (microglial Iba1 and astrocytic GFAP) by immunofluorescence. All seven LSD models exhibited evidence of proteinopathy and/or inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). However, these phenotypes were divergent. Gaucher and Fabry mouse models displayed proteinase K-resistant α-synuclein and tau aggregates but no neuroinflammation; whereas Sandhoff, NPA and NPC showed marked neuroinflammation and no overt proteinopathy. Pompe disease animals uniquely displayed widespread distribution of tau aggregates accompanied by moderate microglial activation. Hurler mice also demonstrated proteinopathy and microglial activation. The present study demonstrated additional links between LSDs and pathogenic phenotypes that are hallmarks of synucleinopathies. The data suggest that lysosomal dysregulation can contribute to brain region-specific protein aggregation and induce widespread neuroinflammation in the brain. However, only a few LSD models examined exhibited phenotypes consistent with synucleinopathies. While no model can recapitulate the complexity of PD, they can enable the study of specific pathways and mechanisms contributing to disease pathophysiology. The present study provides evidence that there are existing, previously unutilized mouse models that can be employed to study pathogenic mechanisms and gain insights into potential PD subtypes, helping to determine if they are amenable to pathway-specific therapeutic interventions.
Receptive-field size of L1 horizontal cells in the turtle retina: effects of dopamine and background light (1994)

1. The receptive-field size of turtle L1 horizontal cells was assessed qualitatively from the small-spot/full-field-response amplitude ratio. For quantitative evaluation, the length constant was derived from the response amplitude-spot radius relationship. 2. In each horizontal cell, the length constants were calculated for different intensities of the test light stimuli. The effects of dopamine and/or background light on the small-spot/full-field amplitude ratio and on the length constants were studied. 3. The receptive field of an L1 horizontal cell could not be defined by a single length constant of fixed value. Rather, the length constant changed with the experimental conditions. Two types of changes were noted. An instantaneous one, which was expressed in an increase in the length constant when the test flash was made brighter, and a slow one that occurred when the eyecup was exposed to dopamine. 4. Dopamine increased the small-spot/full-field amplitude ratio and reduced the length constant for a given full-field-response amplitude. It did not alter the responsiveness to light of the horizontal cells. These effects of dopamine were consistent with its action on the coupling resistance between adjacent horizontal cells. 5. Continuous background illumination increased the small-spot/full-field-response amplitude ratio whether studied in normal Ringer or during superfusion with dopamine solution. 6. The relationship between the length constants and the relative amplitude of the full-field responses did not change when the level of ambient illumination was raised either during superfusion with normal Ringer solution or during superfusion with dopamine solution. 7. These data indicate that background lights do not alter the receptive field size of turtle L1 horizontal cells.
Defect engineering of silicon with ion pulses from laser acceleration (2022)

Defect engineering is foundational to classical electronic device development and for emerging quantum devices. Here, we report on defect engineering of silicon single crystals with ion pulses from a laser accelerator with ion flux levels up to 10^22 ions/cm^2/s. Low energy ions from plasma expansion of the laser-foil target are implanted near the surface and then diffuse into silicon samples that were locally pre-heated by high energy ions. We observe low energy ion fluences of ~10^16 cm^-2, about four orders of magnitude higher than the fluence of high energy (MeV) ions. In the areas of highest energy deposition, silicon crystals exfoliate from single ion pulses. Color centers, predominantly W and G-centers, form directly in response to ion pulses without a subsequent annealing step. We find that the linewidth of G-centers increase in areas with high ion flux much more than the linewidth of W-centers, consistent with density functional theory calculations of their electronic structure. Laser ion acceleration generates aligned pulses of high and low energy ions that expand the parameter range for defect engineering and doping of semiconductors with tunable balances of ion flux, damage rates and local heating.
Theoretical analysis of divergence in mean fitness between initially identical populations (1995)

Initially identical populations in identical environments may subsequently diverge from one another not only via the effects of genetic drift on neutral alleles, but also by selection on beneficial alleles that arise stochastically by mutation. In the simple case of one locus with two alleles in a haploid organism, a full range of combinations of population sizes, selection pressures, mutation rates and fixation probabilities reveals two qualitatively distinct dynamics of divergence among such initially identical populations. We define a non-dimensional parameter k that describes conditions for the occurrence of these different dynamics. One dynamic (k > 1) occurs when beneficial mutations are sufficiently common that substitutions within the populations are essentially simultaneous; the other dynamic (k < 1) occurs when beneficial mutations are so rare that substitutions are likely to occur as isolated events. If there are more than two alleles, or multiple loci, divergence among the populations can be sustained indefinitely if k < 1. The parameter k pertains to the nature of biological evolution and its tendency to be gradual or punctuated.
Computational Models of Predictive and Memory-Related Functions of the Hippocampus (1999)

We discuss the role of the hippocampus in information processing in the brain and hypothesise that the hippocampus monitors the stability of sensory cues it receives from the external world, using the current context to predict the next sensory event in the episodic sequence by learning from experience, and memorising these sequences of sensory events. Two computational models are presented here. The predictive theory and model are closely related to experimental evidence and use dynamic synapses with an asymmetric learning rule to develop predictive neural activity of a leaky integrate-and-fire model of a pyramidal CA3 cell. The oscillatory model of the hippocampus for memorising sequences of sensory events is developed as a chain of interacting neural oscillators forced by oscillatory inputs from the entorhinal cortex and from the medial septum.
TV Watcher: Distributed Media Analysis and Correlation (2004)

The explosion of available content in broadcast media has created a desperate need for applications and prerequisite system architectures to support automatic capture, filtration, categorization, correlation, and higher level inferencing of streaming data from distributed sources. We present TV Watcher, an archetypical example of such an application. TV Watcher performs user-controlled correlation of live television feeds and allows the user to automatically navigate through the available channels based on content of interest. We introduce the Symphony architecture for distributed real-time media analysis and delivery to meet the system requirements for applications with such needs. TV Watcher is built on top of the Symphony architecture, and currently uses closed-captioning information to correlate television programming. We present the results of a user study that shows the correlation engine is consistently able to pick significantly useful and relevant content.
Solid-phase total synthesis of cyclic peptide brachystemin A and its immunomodulating activity (2015)

Brachystemin A (\textbf{1}) is a biologically active peptide from a Chinese traditional plant \textit{Brachystemma calycinum} D. Don. (Caryophyllaceae). The current study describes the complete solid-phase total synthesis of peptide \textbf{1} by using Kenner's sulfonamide safety-catch linker strategy. It was identified by QTOF/MS data and NMR studies. Synthetic peptide \textbf{1} was tested for its immunomodulatory effect on different inflammatory parameters, including production of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha $ (TNF-$\alpha )$, and interleukin-1$\beta $ (IL-1$\beta )$, and generation of nitric oxide (NO$^{.})$. The synthetic peptide \textbf{1} showed a moderate to low level of inhibition on the production of IL-2 (35.2{\%}), TNF-$\alpha $ (19.3{\%}), and IL-1$\beta $(7.5{\%}) at a concentration of 25 $\mu $M. The effect of the compound on viability of cells was also evaluated, and it was found to be nontoxic on 3T3 cells.
Simplified Aqueductal Stenting for Isolated Fourth Ventricle Using a Small-Caliber Flexible Endoscope in a Patient With Neurococcidiomycosis (2010)

Aqueductoplasty and stenting using a small-caliber flexible endoscope is feasible. The endoscope can be contoured to suit the anatomy of the aqueduct and improves visualization of the leading edge of the stent during deployment. Furthermore, when the endoscope is used to create the perforation, the target is not obscured by the shaft of the device used to make the perforation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of 5‐Alkyl‐1,7,8‐trisubstituted‐6‐ fluoroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acids. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lessons Learnt from SMOS RFI Activities After 10 Years in Orbit: RFI Detection and Reporting to Claim Protection and Increase Awareness of the Interference Problem in the 1400–1427 MHZ Passive Band (2019)

The European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is perturbed by Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) that jeopardizes part of its scientific retrieval in certain areas of the world. Areas affected by RFI experience data loss or underestimation of soil moisture and ocean salinity retrieval values. Close to the 10th anniversary of SMOS launch, this paper provides an overview of SMOS RFI activities during these years, the evolution of the RFI scenario worldwide and the lessons learned. The main challenges faced in the RFI detection and geo-location will be introduced, with some interesting examples of RFI cases detected. Another topic addressed in this paper is the impact of the RFI contamination from a scientific perspective, with some estimations of the data percentage that has to be discarded due to interference.
Localization of instability zones in levees, landslides, sinkholes and tunnels with distributed optical fiber sensors (2011)

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a process that provides accurate and real-time information concerning structural condition and performance. Requirements for structural health monitoring in the last few decades have rapidly increased, and these requirements have stimulated many new developments of various sensing technologies. Distributed optical fiber sensing technology has opened new possibilities in structural monitoring. Distributed deformation sensors (sensing cables) are sensitive at each point of their length to strain and temperature changes. Such a sensor is therefore able to record one-dimensional strain fields and can be installed over the entire length of the structure (levee, landslide, sinkhole area, tunnel, etc.), and therefore provides assurance for integrity monitoring and for direct detection, characterization (including recognition, localization, and quantification or rating), and report of local strain changes and movements. These sensors are therefore not only able to measure strain (answering the “how much” question) but also how to localize damage areas (answering the “where” question). This makes them ideal for monitoring structures where the location of possible instability or failure is a-priori unknown. For example the sensor can detect and localize a seepage zone in a levee, the onset of a sinkhole in a subdivision or the formation of a crack in a tunnel liner. Distributed sensing techniques and components based on Brillouin and Raman scattering are briefly introduced and their potential for use in monitoring is discussed. Finally, several largescale case studies are presented, including levee monitoring, sinkhole detection and tunnel crack detection.
Immunohistochemical Detection of VEGF in the Bone Marrow of Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2003)

We studied vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in bone marrow sections obtained from 3 healthy donors and 41 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of various French-American-British (FAB) subtypes by immunohistochemical analysis using an anti-VEGF antibody. In normal bone marrow, the anti-VEGF antibody reacted with myeloid progenitor cells and megakaryocytes but not with erythroid cells or mature granulocytic cells. High levels of VEGF were found in the bone marrow in patients with AML-M1, -M2, -M3, -M4, -M4Eo, and -M5. In these leukemias, the vast majority of myeloblasts (>90%) expressed VEGF. By contrast, in AML-M0, the percentage of VEGF-positive blasts was lower in most cases (median, 42%), and if at all detectable, these blast cells contained only trace amounts of VEGF. In AML-M3 and -M4Eo, maturing granulocytes failed to express VEGF similar to granulocytes in normal bone marrow. In AML-M6, myeloblasts exhibited VEGF, whereas erythroid cells did not. In AML-M7, blast cells and megakaryocytes were identified as major sources of VEGF. In summary, VEGF expression in the bone marrow is restricted to certain stages of differentiation and maturation of myeloid cells and correlates with the FAB category.
Salicylaldehydate coordinated two-dimensional-conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2023)

A novel class of copper-based 2D-c-MOF was synthesized from 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol using green mechano-chemistry. Herein, metal coordination with the salicylaldehyde functional moiety was explored for the first time in MOFs. Moreover, an intrinsic semiconductive copper-based SA-MOF thin film was fabricated using an <i>in situ</i> salt-free method at room temperature.
Supplemental Appendix 1 from Phase II Clinical Trial of Amatuximab, a Chimeric Antimesothelin Antibody with Pemetrexed and Cisplatin in Advanced Unresectable Pleural Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Dose adjustments.&lt;/p&gt;
A Phase 1 First-in-Human Study of FS118, a Tetravalent Bispecific Antibody Targeting LAG-3 and PD-L1 in Patients with Advanced Cancer and PD-L1 Resistance (2022)

FS118 was well tolerated with no DLTs observed up to and including 20 mg/kg QW. Further studies are warranted to determine clinical benefit in patients who have become refractory to anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. See related commentary by Karapetyan and Luke, p. 835.
Regioselective C−F Bond Transformations of Silyl Difluoroenolates (2023)

Herein, we report the development of a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of silyl difluoroenolates with aryl zinc reagents via C−F bond cleavage. Treatment of a stoichiometric amount of Ni(0)/ N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) with silyl difluoroenolates in the presence of a lithium salt resulted in C−F bond cleavage to selectively afford the corresponding (Z)-alkenyl Ni complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the importance of the silyl substituent in creating environments with varying steric hindrance for each of the two fluorine atoms. Based on these observations, we developed a catalytic cross-coupling reaction that selectively delivers a single geometric isomer of a fluoroenolate.
Human Immunoglobulin D: Genomic Sequence of the Delta Heavy Chain (1985)

The DNA coding for the human immunoglobulin D(IgD) heavy chain (delta, delta) has been sequenced including the membrane and secreted termini. Human delta, like that of the mouse, has a separate exon for the carboxyl terminus of the secreted form. This feature of human and mouse IgD distinguishes it from all other immunoglobulins regardless of species or class. The human gene is different from that of the mouse; it has three, rather than two, constant region domains; and its lengthy hinge is encoded by two exons rather than one. Except for the third constant region, the human and mouse genes are only distantly related.
High-speed in-situ pulsed thermometry in oxide RRAMs (2014)

We present an in-situ temperature characterization technique applicable to forming as well as switching in oxide RRAM. This work provides unambiguous evidence that the switching event in these oxide systems includes a thermal event involving temperature excursions of hundreds of °C within a 10 nm filament. The applicability of this technique to as-fabricated devices makes it distinct from previous extraction methodologies that make use of specialized test structures that may have very different thermal environment compared to functional memory blocks. One of the key contributions of this technique is the scalability of this technique with changing size of the conducting filament.
Delayed diagnosis of Cushing's disease in a pediatric patient due to apparent remission from spontaneous apoplexy (2016)

We report here a pediatric patient whose Cushing's Disease was diagnosed late because of her cyclical presentation, presumably due to subclinical pituitary apoplexy. Starting at age 8, she presented with observable signs of Cushing's but was not clinically assessed for Cushing's Syndrome until the age of 15. Initial tests at age 15 were consistent with Cushing's Disease, however, the patient presented with spontaneous remission of hypercortisolemia just a few short months later. Her cushingoid features never subsided, and at age 17, her MRI showed a partially empty sella; this finding of an empty sella contributed evidence to our suspicion of asymptomatic apoplexy, especially since the patient never reported an episode of acute headache. Pituitary apoplexy in corticotroph adenomas is very uncommon, but even more rare in microadenomas, making this case very unusual. Lost to follow-up, she was not reevaluated for Cushing's Disease until age 25, and her laboratory tests were consistent with an adrenocorticotrophic-dependent pituitary tumor; Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 9 mm X 6 mm X 8 mm mass projecting on the superior aspect of pituitary and abutting the wall of the right cavernous sinus. The patient had a transsphenoidal surgery to remove the microadenoma and is planned to undergo radiation therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of subclinical apoplexy of a microadenoma in a pediatric patient with Cushing's Disease. It brings to light the importance of long term follow up for pediatric patients presenting with clinical symptoms of Cushing's Syndrome.
Effects of Subtype-Selective and Balanced Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists in a Porcine Coronary Artery Model of Vascular Restenosis (1996)

These findings indicate that chronic blockade of Ang II receptors by either site-selective or balanced AT1/AT2 antagonists is insufficient to inhibit intimal hyperplasia after experimental coronary vascular injury in the pig. The results further suggest that, unlike in the rat carotid artery, Ang II is not a major mediator of intimal thickening in the pig coronary artery.