gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Number representation effects in truth-table look-up processing: 8-bit addition example (1989)

The parallelism and interconnectivity of optical systems may provide important advantages for these systems in massively parallel processing applications. Electronic systems, however, retain all the advantages of a highly developed technology that has been widely applied with excellent success. In both of these technologies, the methods of direct truth-table look-up processing are becoming increasingly important as the need grows for increased speed and throughput. A major issue in truth-table look-up processing is the number representation used for data. In this paper, the effects of number representation are investigated for the important case of 8-bit addition as a specific example. The inputs are two 8-bit binary numbers together with an input carry. The output is a full precision 9-bit binary sum. For the intermediate processing three number representations are treated: binary, residue, and modified signed-digit. The numbers in all three representations are in binary-coded form throughout the processing. The critically important steps of encoding the numbers into the residue and modified signed-digit systems and then decoding the results back into direct binary are also performed using truth-table look-up methods. For the direct binary representation, a total of 2545 gates (2519 holograms) are required. For the residue representation, a total of 1764 gates (1686 holograms) are required. For the modified signed-digit representation, a total of 4142 gates (4052 holograms) are required.
Differential Evolution in Waveform Design for Wireless Power Transfer (2020)

The technique of transmitting multi-tone signals in a radiative Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system can significantly increase its end-to-end power efficiency. The optimization problem in this system is to tune the transmission according to the receiver rectenna’s nonlinear behavior and the Channel State Information (CSI). This is a non-convex problem that has been previously addressed by Sequential Convex Programming (SCP) algorithms. Nonetheless, SCP algorithms do not always attain globally optimal solutions. To this end, in this paper, we evaluate a set of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) with several characteristics. The performance of the optimized multi-tone transmission signals in a WPT system is assessed by means of numerical simulations, utilizing a simplified Single Input Single Output (SISO) model. From the model evaluation, we can deduce that EAs can be successfully applied to the waveform design optimization problem. Moreover, from the presented results, we can derive that EAs can obtain the optimal solutions in the tested cases.
A cyanide-bridged di-manganese carbonyl complex that photochemically reduces CO2 to CO (2018)

Manganese(i) tricarbonyl complexes such as [Mn(bpy)(CO)3L] (L = Br, or CN) are known to be electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to CO. However, due to their rapid photodegradation under UV and visible light, these monomeric manganese complexes have not been considered as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction without the use of a photosensitizer. In this paper, we report a cyanide-bridged di-manganese complex, {[Mn(bpy)(CO)3]2(μ-CN)}ClO4, which is both electrocatalytic and photochemically active for CO2 reduction to CO. Compared to the [Mn(bpy)(CO)3CN] electrocatalyst, our CN-bridged binuclear complex is a more efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction using H2O as a proton source. In addition, we report a photochemical CO2 reduction to CO using the dimanganese complex under 395 nm irradiation.
Study of localization of carriers in disordered semiconductors by femtosecond spectroscopy (2002)

A new method for determination of the mobility edge in disordered semiconductors by femtosecond pump-supercontinuum probe spectroscopy is presented. The method is based on the determination of the ...
Fluorine-Centered Halogen Bonding: A Factor in Recognition Phenomena and Reactivity (2011)

Because of the anisotropies of their electronic charge distributions, many covalently bound halogen atoms have regions of positive electrostatic potential (positive sigma-holes) on their outer portions. Through these, the halogens can interact attractively with negative sites. It has sometimes been questioned whether fluorine, the least polarizable halogen, can form halogen bonds, especially in solids. Here we present computational and crystallographic evidence demonstrating that it can indeed do so, in both the gaseous and the solid phases. We show computationally, through a series of examples, that fluorine can have positive sigma-holes when linked to strongly electron-withdrawing residues and that it can interact with Lewis bases to form gas phase halogen-bonded complexes. Through statistical analyses of data from the Cambridge Structural Database, we demonstrate that such fluorines do also halogen bond in the solid state, and we show several specific cases of this.
Effect of the Prior Microstructure Degradation on the High Temperature/Low Stress Non‐Isothermal Creep Behavior of CMSX‐4® Ni‐Based Single Crystal Superalloy (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Techniques Results Microstructure Characterizations Comparison of the Non-Isothermal Creep Behavior with MC2 Alloy Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Long-Term Labeling of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells by a Lentiviral Vector (2018)

Using a lentivirus-mediated labeling method, we investigated whether the adult hippocampus retains long-lasting, self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs). We first showed that a single injection of a lentiviral vector expressing a green fluorescent protein (LV PGK-GFP) into the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the adult hippocampus enabled an efficient, robust, and long-term marking of self-renewing NSCs and their progeny. Interestingly, a subset of labeled cells showed the ability to proliferate multiple times and give rise to Sox2<sup>+</sup> cells, clearly suggesting the ability of NSCs to self-renew for an extensive period of time (up to 6 months). In addition, using GFP<sup>+</sup> cells isolated from the SGZ of mice that received a LV PGK-GFP injection 3 months earlier, we demonstrated that some GFP<sup>+</sup> cells displayed the essential properties of NSCs, such as self-renewal and multipotency. Furthermore, we investigated the plasticity of NSCs in a perforant path transection, which has been shown to induce astrocyte formation in the molecular layer of the hippocampus. Our lentivirus (LV)-mediated labeling study revealed that hippocampal NSCs are not responsible for the burst of astrocyte formation, suggesting that signals released from the injured perforant path did not influence NSC fate determination. Therefore, our studies showed that a gene delivery system using LVs is a unique method to be used for understanding the complex nature of NSCs and may have translational impact in gene therapy by efficiently targeting NSCs.
Nonfreezing Cold-Induced Injuries (2011)

Non-freezing cold injury (NFCI) is the Cinderella of thermal injuries and is a clinical syndrome that occurs when tissues are exposed to cold temperatures close to freezing point for sustained periods. NFCI is insidious in onset, often difficult to recognize and problematic to treat, and yet the condition accounts for significant morbidity in both military and civilians who work in cold conditions. Consequently recognition of those at risk, limiting their exposure and the appropriate and timely use of suitable protective equipment are essential steps in trying to reduce the impact of the condition. This review addresses the issues surrounding NFCI.
Initial American Experience with Hip Resurfacing Following FDA Approval (2008)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Magnetic field probes for time‐domain monitoring of RF exposure within tissue‐mimicking materials for MRI‐compatible medical device testing (2017)

A new RF B/H field probe for time‐domain monitoring of RF electromagnetic‐radiated exposure during medical device testing inside the lossy tissue‐mimicking material is presented. The probe was tuned and matched for a centre frequency of 127.6 MHz to optimise the response for testing within typical 3T MRI scanners or RF exposure platforms. A 5 mm radius loop was chosen as a trade‐off between spatial resolution and sensitivity and fabricated on a double‐sided FR4 PCB. In the presented scheme, a low‐noise RF amplifier was employed to reduce the sensitivity of the probe to induce voltage on the transmission lines and to improve accuracy. The implemented probe was found to provide acceptable spatial resolution and sensitivity for reliable B/H field mapping for this application.
Self-cleaning, high transmission, near unity haze OTS/silica nanostructured glass (2018)

High transparency, high haze substrates with self-cleaning functionality, can be used in advanced optoelectronic applications.
CD SPECTRA OF DIASTEREOMERIC α-ARYLETHYLAMIDES OF (–)-CAMPHANIC ACID (2002)

ABSTRACT CD spectra of diastereomeric α-arylethylamides 2,3, 4,5 and 6,7 exhibit nearly enantiomorphic CD curves. Interchromophoric charge-transfer interaction between the aromatic and the amide chromophore is observed only in the amide nπ* band region. MM2 calculations suggest that in the lowest-energy conformer of all diastereomeric pairs the aromatic rings as the major chromophores have mirror image positions relative to the plane defined by the amide-lactone chromophoric system.
Low‐loss and ultra‐wide passband highpass filter using suspended integrated strip‐line technology (2019)

This Letter presents a low‐loss highpass filter (HPF) with an ultra‐wide passband using the suspended integrated strip‐line (SISL) technology. The HPF is an 11th‐order generalised Chebyshev design with a cutoff frequency of 2 GHz and a passband that extends up to 18 GHz. Measured results show of insertion loss across the 16 GHz passband and of suppression below 1.5 GHz. The proposed fully board embedded SISL HPF also has advantages of compact size, light‐weight, and low cost following the trend to reduce the size, weight, power, and cost.
Modeling and Control Design of a SOFC-IC Engine Hybrid System (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a control system design strategy for a novel fuel cell - internal combustion engine hybrid power system. Dynamic control oriented models of the system components are developed. The transient behavior of the system components is investigated in order to determine control parameters and set-points. The analysis presented here is the first step towards development of a controller for this complex system. The results indicate various possibilities for control design and development. A control strategy is discussed to achieve system performance optimization.&lt;/div&gt;
Towards a faster and improved ADCIRC (ADvanced Multi-Dimensional CIRCulation) model (2007)

Ceyan, E., Basuchowdhuri, P., Judeh, T., Ou, S., Estrade, B., and Kosar, T., 2007. Towards a faster and improved ADCIRC (Advanced Multi-Dimensional CIRCulation) model. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 50 (Proceedings of the 9th International Coastal Symposium), 949 – 954. Gold Coast, Australia, ISSN 0749.0208 Given the aftermaths of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and the surrounding parishes, the need to predict tropical storms and hurricanes has increased multifold. Accurate predictions may assist decision makers to implement appropriate evacuation plans necessary for the wellbeing of citizens. Coastal modelling is a key tool used to foresee hurricanes, storm surge and flooding. Of the many models implemented, ADCIRC, a project of the University of North Carolina, seems to hold much promise. Our objectives in this study were multifold. First, we ascertained the current limitations of the ADCIRC model. We achieved this goal through a variety of means including ADCIRC benchmarks on single and multiple clusters as well as a gprof profile of ADCIRC on a single cluster. Then, based on the information obtained from these efforts, we suggested appropriate improvements to optimise ADCIRC. With the achievement of these objectives, we hope ADCIRC will become a vital tool in developing accurate evacuation plans under duress that will aid in saving a countless number of lives.
An In-Depth Comparison of Latent HIV-1 Reactivation in Multiple Cell Model Systems and Resting CD4+ T Cells from Aviremic Patients (2020)

The possibility of HIV-1 eradication has been limited by the existence of latently infected cellular reservoirs. Studies to examine control of HIV latency and potential reactivation have been hindered by the small numbers of latently infected cells found in vivo. Major conceptual leaps have been facilitated by the use of latently infected T cell lines and primary cells. However, notable differences exist among cell model systems. Furthermore, screening efforts in specific cell models have identified drug candidates for “anti-latency” therapy, which often fail to reactivate HIV uniformly across different models. Therefore, the activity of a given drug candidate, demonstrated in a particular cellular model, cannot reliably predict its activity in other cell model systems or in infected patient cells, tested ex vivo. This situation represents a critical knowledge gap that adversely affects our ability to identify promising treatment compounds and hinders the advancement of drug testing into relevant animal models and clinical trials. To begin to understand the biological characteristics that are inherent to each HIV-1 latency model, we compared the response properties of five primary T cell models, four J-Lat cell models and those obtained with a viral outgrowth assay using patient-derived infected cells. A panel of thirteen stimuli that are known to reactivate HIV by defined mechanisms of action was selected and tested in parallel in all models. Our results indicate that no single in vitro cell model alone is able to capture accurately the ex vivo response characteristics of latently infected T cells from patients. Most cell models demonstrated that sensitivity to HIV reactivation was skewed toward or against specific drug classes. Protein kinase C agonists and PHA reactivated latent HIV uniformly across models, although drugs in most other classes did not.
A Study of the Vacuum γ-Radiolysis of Two Aromatic Polyimide Fluoropolymers Containing Phenylphosphine Oxide (2001)

The vacuum γ-radiolysis of two fluorinated polyimides containing phenylphosphine oxide units, TOR-RC and TOR-RC ODPA, have been studied at 77 K and 300 K. The phenyl phosphine oxide units provide protection of the polymers towards oxidation by oxygen atoms and the bulky fluoromethyl groups reduce the colouration of the polymers by limiting donor–acceptor complex formation through the aromatic units. At 77 K the radicals formed were identified to be a mixture of neutral radicals (60%) and anion radicals. At 300 K only neutral radicals were found. The G-values for radical formation were found to be 0.50 and 0.42 at 77 K and 0.051 and 0.052 at 300 K for TOR-RC and TOR-RC ODPA, respectively. Little change was observed in the visible spectra of the polyimides following vacuum radiolysis at 300 K up to a dose of 3.3 MGy, and the polymers were shown to undergo net cross linking with a gel dose of 0.45 MGy.
Soft Boom Cylinder Control Using Disturbance-Observer-Based Equivalent Hydraulic System for Electric Excavator (2020)

This paper proposes the replacement of the control implemented in the hydraulic boom cylinder of a hydraulic excavator with a ball screw actuator. The hydraulic system controls the flow rate and pressure of the hydraulic pump, so the extension and contraction speed of the cylinder is controlled by the set command flow rate of the pump. Therefore, in the case the boom cylinder is replaced with the ball screw, the hybrid control of speed and force is required. Additionally, because ball screws are vulnerable to impact forces, impact force relaxation control is required. Conventional impact force mitigation control stops operation after contact with the environment and but generates a large subsequent impact force. This issue is solved using, a controlled acceleration approach, which applies an acceleration command in the same direction as the impact force exerted due owing to the contact with the environment. Thus, this proposed method reduces the impact force. This paper explains the soft boom cylinder control using a disturbance-observer-based equivalent hydraulic system for an electric excavator. The validity of the proposed soft impact force control is verified from experimental results obtained using the actual electric excavator.
To Update or Not To Update?: Bandwidth-Efficient Intelligent Replacement Policies for DRAM Caches (2019)

This paper investigates intelligent replacement policies for improving the hit-rate of gigascale DRAM caches. Cache replacement policies are commonly used to improve the hit-rate of on-chip caches. The most effective replacement policies often require the cache to track and update per-line reuse state to inform their decision. A fundamental challenge on DRAM caches, however, is that stateful policies would require significant bandwidth to maintain per-line DRAM cache state. As such, DRAM cache replacement policies have primarily been stateless policies, such as always-install or probabilistic bypass. Unfortunately, we find that stateless policies are often too coarse-grain and become ineffective at the size and associativity of DRAM caches. Ideally, we want a replacement policy that can obtain the hit-rate benefits of stateful replacement policies, but keep the bandwidth-efficiency of stateless policies. We perform our study on a DRAM cache design similar to the one in Knights Landing, and find that tracking per-line reuse state can enable an effective replacement policy that can mitigate the common thrashing patterns seen in gigascale caches. We propose a stateful replacement/bypass policy called RRIP Age-On-Bypass (RRIP-AOB), that tracks reuse state for high-reuse lines, protects such lines by bypassing other lines, and Ages the state On cache Bypass. Unfortunately, such a stateful technique requires significant bandwidth to update state. To this end, we propose Efficient Tracking of Reuse (ETR). ETR makes state tracking efficient by accurately tracking the state of only one line from a region, and using the state of that line to guide the replacement decisions for other lines in that region. ETR reduces the bandwidth for tracking replacement state by 70%, and makes stateful policies practical for DRAM caches. Our evaluations with a 2GB DRAM cache, show that our RRIP-AOB and ETR techniques provide 18% speedup while needing <; 1KB SRAM.
Phase 1b/3 study of avelumab-based combination regimens in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL). (2017)

TPS7575 Background: Approximately 50% of patients (pts) with advanced DLBCL are refractory to or relapse following first line R-CHOP therapy. Pts with R/R DLBCL have limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. This study assesses immunotherapy-based regimens containing avelumab (a fully human IgG1 anti–PD-L1 antibody) in combination with utomilumab (a novel 4-1BB agonist), azacitidine, rituximab, and/or conventional chemotherapy (CT; bendamustine) in pts with R/R DLBCL. Methods: JAVELIN DLBCL (NCT02951156) is a global, multicenter, randomized, open-label, 2-component(phase 1b followed by phase 3) study of avelumab-based combination regimens in R/R DLBCL. In phase 1b, up to 84 pts will be randomized 1:1:1 to receive avelumab/rituximab/utomilumab, or avelumab/azacitidine/utomilumab, or avelumab/rituximab/bendamustine. The primary phase 1b objectives are preliminary assessments of dose-limiting toxicities (n = 6 per arm) and efficacy (objective response [OR]; n = 28 per arm). One regimen from phase 1b will be selected for phase 3 evaluation in 220 additional pts randomized 1:1 to the chosen regimen or investigator’s choice CT (rituximab/bendamustine or rituximab/gemcitabine/oxaliplatin). The primary phase 3 objective is to demonstrate progression-free survival (PFS) superiority of the avelumab-based regimen over CT. Overall survival is a key secondary endpoint. Eligible pts have completed up to 4 lines of prior rituximab/multiagent CT, and/or have failed autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), or are not eligible for intensive CT or ASCT. Other eligibility criteria include ECOG PS ≤1 and no prior therapy with a checkpoint inhibitor. Treatment with avelumab, utomilumab, and azacitidine will be continued until the pt no longer receives clinical benefit; rituximab and bendamustine are limited to 8 and 6 cycles, respectively. OR and PFS will be assessed per Lugano disease classification criteria. Other secondary efficacy endpoints include disease control, duration of response, time to response, and minimal residual disease burden. Safety, PK, immunogenicity, pt-reported outcomes, and biomarkers will also be evaluated. Clinical trial information: NCT02951156.
Discovery of 7‐Aryl‐Substituted (1,5‐Naphthyridin‐4‐yl)ureas as Aurora Kinase Inhibitors (2013)

As part of our research projects to identify new chemical entities of biological interest, we developed a synthetic approach and the biological evaluation of (7-aryl-1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl)ureas as a novel class of Aurora kinase inhibitors for the treatment of malignant diseases based on pathological cell proliferation. 1,5-Naphthyridine derivatives showed excellent inhibitory activities toward Aurora kinases A and B, and the most active compound, 1-cyclopropyl-3-[7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl]urea (49), displayed IC₅₀ values of 13 and 107 nM against Aurora kinases A and B, respectively. In addition, the selectivity toward a panel of seven cancer-related protein kinases was highlighted. In vitro ADME properties were also determined in order to rationalize the difficulties in correlating antiproliferative activity with Aurora kinase inhibition. Finally, the good safety profile of these compounds imparts promising potential for their further development as anticancer agents.
Reproducibility and repeatability of quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging in vivo in articular cartilage at 3 T and 7 T (2011)

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage that may be associated with a loss of glycosaminoglycans. Quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging is highly specific to glycosaminoglycan content and could be used to assess the biochemical degradation of cartilage in early osteoarthritis. However, the reproducibility and repeatability of this technique are not well documented. The aim of this study is to test the reproducibility and repeatability of sodium quantification in cartilage in vivo using intraday and interday acquisitions at 3 T and 7 T, with a radial 3D sequence, with and without fluid suppression. Fluid suppression was obtained by adiabatic inversion recovery (IR WURST) and is expected to improve the sensitivity of the method to glycosaminoglycan content. The root mean square of coefficients of variation are all in the range of 7.5-13.6%. No significant intermagnet, intersequence, intraday, and interday differences in the coefficients of variation were observed. Sodium quantification using IR WURST gave values closer to those reported in the literature for healthy cartilage (220-310 mM) than radial 3D. In conclusion, IR WURST was more accurate in context of sodium measurement, with a reproducibility and repeatability comparable to other compositional magnetic resonance imaging techniques of cartilage.