gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissecting Service Mesh Overheads (2022)

Service meshes play a central role in the modern application ecosystem by providing an easy and flexible way to connect different services that form a distributed application. However, because of the way they interpose on application traffic, they can substantially increase application latency and resource consumption. We develop a decompositional approach and a tool, called MeshInsight, to systematically characterize the overhead of service meshes and to help developers quantify overhead in deployment scenarios of interest. Using MeshInsight, we confirm that service meshes can have high overhead -- up to 185% higher latency and up to 92% more virtual CPU cores for our benchmark applications -- but the severity is intimately tied to how they are configured and the application workload. The primary contributors to overhead vary based on the configuration too. IPC (inter-process communication) and socket writes dominate when the service mesh operates as a TCP proxy, but protocol parsing dominates when it operates as an HTTP proxy. MeshInsight also enables us to study the end-to-end impact of optimizations to service meshes. We show that not all seemingly-promising optimizations lead to a notable overhead reduction in realistic settings.
3-D Head Tracking via Invariant Keypoint Learning (2012)

Keypoint matching is a standard tool to solve the correspondence problem in vision applications. However, in 3-D face tracking, this approach is often deficient because the human face complexities, together with its rich viewpoint, nonrigid expression, and lighting variations in typical applications, can cause many variations impossible to handle by existing keypoint detectors and descriptors. In this paper, we propose a new approach to tailor keypoint matching to track the 3-D pose of the user head in a video stream. The core idea is to learn keypoints that are explicitly invariant to these challenging transformations. First, we select keypoints that are stable under randomly drawn small viewpoints, nonrigid deformations, and illumination changes. Then, we treat keypoint descriptor learning at different large angles as an incremental scheme to learn discriminative descriptors. At matching time, to reduce the ratio of outlier correspondences, we use second-order color information to prune keypoints unlikely to lie on the face. Moreover, we integrate optical flow correspondences in an adaptive way to remove motion jitter efficiently. Extensive experiments show that the proposed approach can lead to fast, robust, and accurate 3-D head tracking results even under very challenging scenarios.
Ellipsoidal micro lens fabricated by depositing parylene directly on liquid (2009)

We report on an ellipsoidal liquid lens fabricated by PoLD (Parylene on liquid deposition). We fabricated ellipsoidal liquid lenses of 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 mul in volume on hydrophilic elliptical domains with 5.00 mm major diameter and 2.50 mm minor diameter. We measured the two focal lengths corresponding to major and minor diameters by observing the image formed by a laser beam. We verified that measured focal lengths agreed with theoretical calculated results. In addition, we showed that our method enables us to fabricate ellipsoidal lenses which have the focal lengths as designed.
Data from Development of a Hypoxia Gene Expression Classifier with Predictive Impact for Hypoxic Modification of Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Hypoxia, a common feature of the microenvironment in solid tumors, is associated with resistance to radiotherapy, reduced therapeutic response, and a poorer clinical outcome. In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), the negative effect of hypoxia on radiotherapy can be counteracted via addition of hypoxic modification to the radiotherapy. To predict which patients harbor hypoxic tumors and would therefore benefit from hypoxic modification, clinically applicable methods for pretherapeutic hypoxic evaluation and categorization are needed. In this study, we developed a hypoxia classifier based on gene expression. Through study of xenograft tumors from human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, we verified the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; relevance of previously identified &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; derived hypoxia-induced genes. We then evaluated a training set of 58 hypoxia-evaluated HNSCCs to generate a gene expression classifier containing 15 genes. This 15-gene hypoxia classifier was validated in 323 patients with HNSCC randomized for hypoxic modification or placebo in combination with radiotherapy. Tumors categorized as hypoxic on the basis of the classifier were associated with a significantly poorer clinical outcome than nonhypoxic tumors. This outcome was improved and equalized to the nonhypoxic tumors by addition of hypoxic modification. Thus, findings show that the classifier attained both prognostic and predictive impact, and its pretherapeutic use may provide a method to identify those patients who will benefit from hypoxic modification of radiotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(17); 5923–31. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Comparing regions of the Epstein-Barr virus ZEBRA protein which function as transcriptional activating sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in B cells (1993)

The ZEBRA protein activates expression of Epstein-Barr virus early-lytic-cycle genes in human B lymphocytes. Here it is shown that ZEBRA also behaves as a sequence-specific transcriptional activator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletional mutagenesis defined three regions of ZEBRA that participate in activation in S. cerevisiae. These regions are designated YI (amino acids [aa] 1 to 25), YII (aa 51 to 102), and YIII (aa 228 to 245). Two of the three regions of the native ZEBRA protein act together to mediate activation when assayed on ZEBRA binding sites. However, when fused to the DNA binding domain of GAL4 and assayed on GAL4 binding sites, regions YII and YIII were each sufficient to confer activation in S. cerevisiae. Regions of ZEBRA which affected activation in S. cerevisiae were also required in human B lymphocytes. The amino-terminal region of ZEBRA (aa 1 to 98) was required for activation both in S. cerevisiae and in human B cells; deletion of the carboxy-terminal 18 aa also significantly reduced activation in both cell types. Thus, the behavior of ZEBRA in human B cells and S. cerevisiae suggests that the protein contains universal activation motifs that interact with conserved components of the transcription machinery. However, certain deletion mutants of ZEBRA containing mutations in the N-terminal region exhibited discordant behaviors in S. cerevisiae and in B cells. For example, deletion of ZEBRA aa 26 to 51 impaired activation to a great extent in B cells but had little or no effect in S. cerevisiae. The discordant mutants may reflect interactions with a variable domain of a conserved component or unique interactions with specialized components of the basal transcription apparatus in different cells.
The Ecstasy and Agony of Assay Interference Compounds (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTThe Ecstasy and Agony of Assay Interference CompoundsCourtney Aldrich, Carolyn Bertozzi, Gunda I. Georg, Laura Kiessling, Craig Lindsley, Dennis Liotta, Kenneth M. Merz, Jr., Alanna Schepartz, and Shaomeng WangView Author Information ACS Infectious Diseases ACS Central Science Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ACS Chemical Biology ACS Chemical Neuroscience ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling Biochemistry Journal of Medicinal ChemistryCite this: Biochemistry 2017, 56, 10, 1363–1366Publication Date (Web):February 28, 2017Publication History Published online28 February 2017Published inissue 14 March 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00110https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00110editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1293Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (393 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Assays,Drug discovery,Inhibition,Molecules,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
A novel role for a TonB-family protein and photoregulation of iron acclimation inFremyella diplosiphon (2010)

Photosynthetic organisms display adaptations to changes in light and nutrient availability. Iron, which is required for the function of photosynthetic photosystems and other important biochemical processes, is an essential mineral that consequently impacts not only overall photosynthetic efficiency, but also the physiology of organisms in general. Our recent study represents the first functional characterization of a cyanobacterial TonB protein. TonB proteins classically are membrane proteins that support the transport of iron and vitamin B12 into cells. TonB proteins thus generally serve a critical role in organismal iron acclimation. We recently identified FdTonB, a TonB-family protein, in the filamentous freshwater cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. FdTonB contains conserved TonB residues and domains, as well as novel protein domains. Our recent study, however, supports a novel function for this protein in the photoregulation of morphology, rather than iron acclimation, in F. diplosiphon. Our detailed investigations into the responses of SF33 wild-type and ΔtonB mutant strains did not support a role for FdTonB in organismal responses to iron limitation. However, close examination of our recent results did highlight a novel interaction between light and iron acclimation in F. diplosiphon.
Apelin protects against angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular fibrosis and decreases plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 production (2011)

Apelin protects against cardiac fibrosis and vascular remodeling through direct regulation of PAI-1 gene expression. This protective effect is mediated through the synergistic inhibition of Ang II signaling and increased production of nitric oxide by apelin. Our data extend previous findings and provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which apelin elicits a cardioprotective effect.
Therapeutic Effect of Aegiceras corniculatum in Chronic Granulomatous Inflammation and Arthritis (2014)

Objective: Chronic inflammation is a result of long lasting of acute inflammation, if not treated or resolved,this condition is a cause of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Aegiceras corniculatum a mangroveplant has been using for many years for the treatment of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases likeatherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and is well known as a folklore medicine constituting variousnovel chemical constituents. Methodology: Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts derived from A. corniculatum were evaluated againstchronic inflammation by using cotton pellet induced granuloma and Adjuvant induced arthritis models in rats.Vascular permeability and leukocyte migration were studied in the presence of extracts. Results: In cotton pellet granuloma, both the methanol and ethanol extracts were found to highly effectivein reducing granulomatous tissue formation in a dose dependent manner. These extracts also suppressed thepaw thickness induced by using adjuvant in rat arthritis model, at maximum oral dose of 50 mg/kg methanolextract inhibited swelling in paw by 67%, whereas ethyl acetate extract caused 75% of inhibition in pawswelling at 200 mg/kg. Additionally, ethyl acetate extract has shown inhibition in leukocytes migration (63%at 50 mg/kg) against LTB4 and carrageenan. However, methanol extract failed to produce inhibitory effectagainst cell infiltration induced by LTB4. Interestingly, methanol and ethyl acetate extract has shown remarkablereduction in the acetic acid induced vascular permeability. Conclusion: A. corniculatum extracts has shown remarkable effect as an anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatoryagent to combat with chronic inflammatory diseases, this study provides significant justification for its folkloremedical use against rheumatism interfering with inflammatory and cellular immune responses.
Real-time imaging of pathogenic immune response in single macrophages in a microfluidic device. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Unique Maximum Likelihood Localization of Nuclear Sources (2019)

In an earlier paper, [1], we have considered the Maximum Likelihood (ML) localization of a stationary nuclear source using the time of arrival of particles modeled as a Poisson process at a sensing vehicle moving with a constant velocity. In this paper we consider whether the ML location estimate characterized in [1] is unique. Using Morse theory we show that not only is the likelihood function unimodal on either side of the line the sensor moves on (note the source can only be localized uniquely if one knows on which side it resides), but that in fact it has only one critical point in each side and this critical point is the global maximum. These results strongly indicate that gradient ascent maximization will always work. We verify these results with real field data.
South Africa's coastal-breeding white-breasted cormorants: population trends, breeding season and movements, and diet (2013)

White-breasted cormorants Phalacrocorax [carbo] lucidus breed around South Africa's coast and at inland localities. Along the coasts of the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape provinces, numbers breeding were similar during the periods 1977–1981 (1 116 pairs at 41 localities) and 2008–2012 (1 280 pairs at 41 localities). Along the coast of KwaZulu-Natal (not counted in 1977–1981), 197 pairs bred at nine localities in 2008–2012, when the overall number breeding around South Africa's coastline was about 1 477 pairs. Between the two study periods, numbers decreased in the Northern and Western Cape provinces following the loss of several breeding localities, but they increased in the Eastern Cape. In the Western Cape, however, numbers were stable east of Cape Agulhas and at nine well-monitored West Coast localities that were surveyed from 1978 to 2012. White-breasted cormorants breed throughout the year, with breeding at some localities more seasonal than at others and the timing of peaks in breeding varying at and between localities. In the vicinity of Saldanha Bay/Langebaan Lagoon (Western Cape), in Algoa Bay (Eastern Cape) and in northern KwaZulu-Natal, it is likely that birds moved between breeding localities in different years, although breeding often occurred at the same locality over several years. Human disturbance, presence of predators, competition for breeding space and occurrence of breeding by other waterbirds may influence movements between colonies. Securing sufficient good habitat at which white-breasted cormorants may breed will be important for conservation of the species. The species may breed at an age of 4 years, possibly younger. The bulk of their diet around South Africa's coast consists of inshore marine and estuarine fish species that are not intensively exploited by humans.
Understanding Blind People's Experiences with Computer-Generated Captions of Social Media Images (2017)

Research advancements allow computational systems to automatically caption social media images. Often, these captions are evaluated with sighted humans using the image as a reference. Here, we explore how blind and visually impaired people experience these captions in two studies about social media images. Using a contextual inquiry approach (n=6 blind/visually impaired), we found that blind people place a lot of trust in automatically generated captions, filling in details to resolve differences between an image's context and an incongruent caption. We built on this in-person study with a second, larger online experiment (n=100 blind/visually impaired) to investigate the role of phrasing in encouraging trust or skepticism in captions. We found that captions emphasizing the probability of error, rather than correctness, encouraged people to attribute incongruence to an incorrect caption, rather than missing details. Where existing research has focused on encouraging trust in intelligent systems, we conclude by challenging this assumption and consider the benefits of encouraging appropriate skepticism.
A homeobox gene of the orthodenticle family is involved in antero-posterior patterning of regenerating planarians (1998)

We studied the expression of DtOtx, a homeobox gene of the freshwater planarian Dugesia tigrina closely related to the Drosophila orthodenticle (otd) and vertebrate Otx genes, which are known to control head development in both fruit flies and vertebrates. DtOtx was not significantly expressed in adult planarians but it was activated within one hour in regenerating tissues with a clearly asymmetric pattern. Animals sectioned transversally, either between the head and the pharynx, or caudal to the pharynx, give rise to a head-containing fragment regenerating a tail region and to a tail-containing fragment regenerating a head region. DtOtx was found to be activated in both regeneration blastemas but its transcripts were much more abundant in the head-regenerating tissues than in the tail-regenerating tissues. The same asymmetric distribution of DtOtx transcripts was observed in central portions of the body regenerating both head and tail structures and in animals laterally regenerating after a longitudinal cut. These data suggest a role of this gene in patterning the body axis of these primitive bilateria, at least during regeneration.
Field Investigation of an Elevated Temperature Florida Landfill (2017)

For reasons that are not entirely clear, incidents of elevated temperatures in landfills are occurring at increasing frequency in the U.S. A Florida landfill has experienced temperatures that well exceed the tolerable range for microorganisms and permit standards set by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. The landfill has experienced elevated temperatures in gas wells on the west side of the active cell. These wells were installed in 2010 in an area that received biosolids treated with incinerator fly and bottom ash. These biosolids may have caused an exothermic reaction that has interrupted methane generation. In addition to elevated temperatures (as high as 175°F), smoke, odors, hydrogen in the landfill gas, leachate color darkening, and decreased leachate generation have been observed. However, abnormal settlement has not been observed in the landfill. Preliminary data analysis of gas temperatures suggests that 20% of the wells at the landfill are impacted. Waste samples have been collected and are being analyzed. Results of waste characterization support the presence of ash in areas of elevated temperature.
CHIP/Stub1 functions as a tumor suppressor and represses NF- B-mediated signaling in colorectal cancer (2013)

The carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP, also named Stub1), a U-box containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, is involved in degradation of certain oncogenic proteins. Recent studies indicated that CHIP suppresses tumor progression in human cancers by targeting Src-3, hypoxia inducible factor 1α, NF-κB, ErbB2 and c-Myc. Here, we report that CHIP was downregulated, predominantly, in the late stages of human colorectal cancer (CRC), and that the CHIP promoter was hypermethylated in CRC specimens. Overexpression of CHIP in HCT-116 cells resulted in impaired tumor growth in nude mice and decreased abilities of tumor cell migration and invasion. Conversely, depletion of CHIP in HCT-116 cells promoted tumor growth and increased tumor cell migration and invasion. CHIP was further found to negatively regulate NF-κB signaling in HCT-116 cells by promoting ubiquitination and degradation of p65, a subunit of the NF-κB complex. The suppressive effect of CHIP led to decreased expression of NF-κB-targeted oncogenes including Cyclin D1, c-Myc, MMP-2, VEGF and IL-8. We proposed that CHIP inhibits the malignancy of CRC cells, possibly through targeting NF-κB signaling. This study provides functional evidence for CHIP as a potential tumor suppressor in CRC, and CHIP expression may be a marker for stages of CRC.
Coherence-based Hybrid Optical/Computational Approaches to Three-dimensional Incoherent Imaging (1999)

Computation in incoherent imaging has typically relied almost completely on the optical system, leaving little work for the sensor. Lens-based imagers only work for sources with a limited range of depth. For imaging volume sources, a lensless optical system in conjunction with digital data synthesis may perform better.
A new technique for evaluating stacked nanosheet inner spacer TDDB reliability (2020)

For stacked Nanosheet gate-all-around transistors, a new failure mode between the gate and epitaxial source/drain (PC-Epi) is introduced in the Middle-Of-Line (MOL) intermetal dielectrics (IMD) because of a unique module called inner spacer. In this work, we demonstrate a novel integration scheme for evaluating the inner spacer reliability by completely oxidizing the Si channel. The inner spacer TDDB reliability is also shown to be robust, which is essential to support the continuous aggressive device scaling.
Influence of Severe Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Clazosentan (2010)

The purpose of this open-label, parallel-group study was to investigate the effect of severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability, and safety of clazosentan, an intravenous endothelin receptor antagonist. Clazosentan was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion of 1 mg/h for a period of 6 hours in 9 subjects with severe renal impairment (group A) and 8 healthy subjects (group B) (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min and >80 mL/min, respectively). The subjects in both groups were well matched for sex, body mass index, and age (±10 years). The PK parameters of clazosentan were calculated by both model-independent and model-dependent methods. The differences in the PK parameters between the subjects with severe renal impairment and healthy subjects were minor. The geometric means for area under the curve (AUC) during the infusion, AUC(0-t), (AUC from zero to time t of the last measured concentration above the limit of quantification) AUC(0-∞) (AUC from zero to infinity), and concentration at steady state were 7%, 8%, 8%, and 8%, respectively, higher in group A than in group B. The results obtained after 2-compartmental modeling were in agreement with those obtained after noncompartmental analysis. Administration of clazosentan was well tolerated in both groups. The data suggest that there is no need for dose adjustment of clazosentan in patients with renal impairment.