gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo imaging of lingual cancer in a rabbit model using a hand-held imaging beta probe (2009)

Advances in radiopharmaceuticals and clinical understanding have escalated the use of intraoperative gamma probes in surgery, providing benefits that include increased specificity in tissue obtained for biopsy, minimally accessed incisions, and the reduction of inpatient hospital utilization with improved patient recovery. At present, most probes on the market are non-imaging gamma probes that suffer from the lack of ancillary information of the surveyed area, such as the clear delineation of malignant tissue. Also, the highly penetrating gamma radiation present locally or even in remote parts of the body increases the background radiation level and limits the practical use of these probes. To address these limitations, we have developed a novel, handheld digital imaging probe to be used in surgery or in the clinic in conjunction with beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals such as FDG (F), I and P. This imaging beta probe (IBP) allows the real-time imaging of a surveyed area with higher spatial resolution and sensitivity and greater convenience than existing instruments. The hand-held IBP consists of a thin microstructured CsI:Tl film optically coupled to a highly sensitive electron-multiplying charged coupled device (EMCCD) via a flexible fiberoptic conduit. We report the results of our experiments using this hand-held IBP for rapid and accurate identification and delineation of lesions in a rabbit's tongue.
Old Testament Theology: The Religion of Revelation in Its Pre-Christian Stage of Development (2007)

This text opens with a critical review of developments in Protestant and Catholic theology since the Reformation which have led to the steady neglect of aesthetics in Christian theology. Then, von Balthasar turns to the central theme of the volume, the question of theological knowledge. He re-examines the nature of Christian believing, drawing widely on such theological figures as Anselm, Pascal and Newman.
Single flux, quantum B flip-flop and its possible applications (1994)

We are introducing a new subfamily of rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) digital cells, based on a single B flip-flop template. The template can be considered as an SFQ flip-flop with up to 4 inputs and 6 outputs. Each input SFQ pulse can change the flip-flop's internal state. Each output presents (in the form of SFQ pulses a specific logic function of the initial state of the cell and input signals. Simple connection of various inputs and/or outputs, combined with shortening or opening of certain branches of the template allows one to implement a variety of RSFQ cells with wide margins. Of these various RSFQ cells, we have designed and successfully tested the T1 cell (asynchronous toggle flip-flop with synchronous destructive readout), single-bit full adder, and single-bit stage of an up-down counter. Experimentally measured margins for dc power supply voltage for these circuits were /spl plusmn/24%, /spl plusmn/24%, and /spl plusmn/17%, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Consorting kinases, end of destruction and birth of a spindle (2008)

Centrosomes (spindle pole body in yeast) constitute the two poles of the bipolar mitotic spindle and play a prominent role in the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Like chromosomes, the centrosome inherited from the progenitor cell duplicates once in each division cycle, following which the sister centrosomes segregate away from each other to assemble a short spindle upon initiation of mitosis. Cdh1, an activator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase APC (Anaphase Promoting Complex), is a potent inhibitor of centrosome segregation and suppresses spindle assembly during S phase by mediating proteolytic destruction of the microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) required for centrosome separation. A recent study in yeast suggests that concerted action by two prominent kinases Cdk1 and polo are required to bring this destruction to a halt by inactivating Cdh1 and to facilitate spindle assembly. This is an effective strategy for the modulation of the activities of cell cycle regulators that require multiple phosphorylation. The control circuit involving Cdh1, Cdk1, Polo and MAPs may be also targeted by other cellular networks in contexts that demand the restraining of spindle dynamics.
Ambient Temperature CO Oxidation Using Palladium–Platinum Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on Tin Oxide/Alumina (2020)

A series of Pt-based catalysts were synthesised and investigated for ambient temperature CO oxidation with the aim to increase catalytic activity and improve moisture resistance through support modification. Initially, bimetallic PtPd catalysts supported on alumina were found to exhibit superior catalytic activity compared with their monometallic counterparts for the reaction. Following an investigation into the effect of Pt/Pd ratio, a composition of 0.1% Pt/0.4% Pd was selected for further studies. Following this, SnO2/Al2O3 supports were synthesised from a variety of tin oxide sources. Catalytic activity was improved using sodium stannate and tin oxalate precursors compared with a traditional tin oxide slurry. Catalytic activity versus tin concentration was found to vary significantly across the three precursors, which was subsequently investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
Peptide-Based Nanoparticle for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Dug Delivery (2008)

One of the major challenges for new therapeutics molecules to enter the clinic remains improving their bioavailability and cellular uptake. Therefore, delivery has become a key stone in therapeutic development and several technologies have been designed to improve cellular uptake of therapeutic molecules, including cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or protein transduction domain (PTD). PTDs or CPPs were discovered twenty years ago, based on the potency of several proteins to enter cells and nowadays, numerous peptide carriers have been described and successfully applied for ex vivo and in vivo delivery of varying therapeutic molecules. Two CPP-strategies have been reported; the first one requires chemical linkage between the drug and the carrier for cellular drug internalization and the second is based on the formation of stable complexes with drugs depending on their chemical nature. Peptide-Based-Nanoparticle Devices (PBND), correspond to short amphipathic peptides able to form stable nanoparticles with proteins and/or nucleic acids. Three PBND-families, PEP, MPG and CADY have been described, these carriers mainly enter cells independently of the endosomal pathway and efficiently deliver cargoes in a large variety of challenging cell lines as well as in animal models. This review will focus on the structure/function relationship of the PBND: CADY, PEP and MPG, in the general context of drug delivery. It will also highlight the requirement of primary or secondary amphipathic carriers for in vitro and in vivo delivery of therapeutic molecules and provide an update of their pre-clinical evaluation.
Subresolution process windows and yield estimation technique based on detailed full-chip CD simulation (2000)

Conventional methods of CD-limited yield and process capability analysis either completely ignore the intra-die CD variability caused by the optical and process proximity effects or assume it is normally distributed. We show that these assumptions do not hold for the aggressive subresolution designs. The form and modality of intra-die poly-gate CD variability strongly depend on the defocus and exposure values. We study the influence of process parameters on strong phase shifted and binary mask designs. A definition of a CD-based process window is proposed to capture the 'proximity signature' of the design and its dependence on process parameters.
FuzzyRule-Based Driver Advisory System forFuel EconomyImprovement inaHybrid Electric Vehicle (2007)

Environmental awareness hasresulted ingreatervehicles (HEV)andfuelcell hybrid vehicles (FCHV).Ford emphasis ondeveloping moreenvironmentally friendly andfuel MotorCompanydeveloped a fullhybrid electric vehicle, efficient vehicles inautomotive field. Hybridelectric vehiclesEscapeHybrid, withan e-CVTora power-split hybrid (HEVs)areaviable option towards achieving these goals. Ford Motorompan deveoped fullEY wih an -CVT owertrain. Hybrid electric vehicles arevery attractive dueto MotorCompanydeveloped a fullHEV withan e-CVT thi emsin an fueecnm.mrvmns Escnb (electronically controlled continuously variable transmission), .teiremsio fuel eonomy i o ens.rHEs cnbe whichisa power-split hybrid system powertrain withan categorized intothree types(3)(4), whichareseries hybrid integrated motorandgenerator. Thispowertrain exhibits great system, parallel hybrid system, anda morerecent typeof potential toimprove fueleconomy. Achievement ofhighfuel complex HEV,power-split hybrid system. Thepower-split economy, however, significantly depends onthedriver behaviorhybrid system configuration isusedintheEscapeHybrid whichplays acrucial role inthefull utilization oftheadvantagesbecause itprovides thecharacteristics ofbothaseries anda oftheHEVtechnology.
Spin-on carbon using fullerene derivatives (2014)

Progress in lithographic resolution has made the adoption of extremely thin photoresist films necessary for the fabrication of ‘2&times; nm’ structures to prevent issues such as resist collapse during development. While there are resists with high etch durability, ultimately etch depth is limited by resist thickness. A possible solution is the use of a multilayer etch stack. For organic hardmasks a carbon-rich material is preferred as carbon possesses a high etch resistance in silicon etch plasma processes. In terms of manufacturability it is beneficial to spin coat the carbon layer instead of using chemical vapor deposition, but the presence of carbon-hydrogen bonds in typical spin on carbon leads to line wiggling during the etch. We have previously introduced a fullerene based ‘spin on carbon’ (SoC) with high etch durability and reported on material characterization. Here we show recent advances in material development and work towards commercialization. The low hydrogen level in the material allows for high resolution etching without wiggling.
Though Much Is Taken, Much Abides: Finding New Antibiotics Using Old Ones (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTThough Much Is Taken, Much Abides: Finding New Antibiotics Using Old OnesPaul C. Rosen† and Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost*†‡View Author Information† ‡ †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Biochemistry 2017, 56, 37, 4925–4926Publication Date (Web):September 1, 2017Publication History Received13 August 2017Published online1 September 2017Published inissue 19 September 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00782https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00782editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2302Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (356 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Genetics,Metabolism,Pharmaceuticals,Small molecules Get e-Alerts
Controlled, periodic domain reversal in strontium barium niobate induced by volume holograms (1993)

Typical photorefractive space charge fields accumulated during the writing of volume holograms are of the order of the coercive field in strontium barium niobate (kV/ cm).
Supplementary material from "Richard Dickinson Chambers. 16 March 1935 — 18 April 2019" (2020)

Richard (Dick) Chambers was one of the most creative and distinguished organofluorine chemists of his generation. He synthesized a range of perfluorinated heteroaromatic systems, including pentafluoropyridine and tetrafluoropyrimidine, by halogen exchange processes, and established their chemistry and associated reaction mechanisms. Notably, ‘mirror image’ negative Friedel–Crafts reactions led to perfluoroalkyl heteroaromatic derivatives that could be transformed into unusual valence bond isomers by irradiation. New ranges of stable, observable perfluorinated carbanions, alkenes and dienes were synthesized and their fundamental chemistry established. Dick was an excellent experimental scientist whose career was marked by his unique skill-set in being able to perform reactions at high pressure under vacuum, using γ-ray irradiation, photochemistry, continuous flow processes and a variety of fluorinating reagents. His research into the use of elemental fluorine gas, which established the key role of solvent in reaction control, established fluorine as a viable reagent for organic synthesis. Several of his new synthetic processes, including syntheses of perfluorocarbon iodides, highly fluorinated heteroaromatic derivatives and α-fluoro-β-ketoester systems, were adopted for scale-up by industry. But Dick was more than a talented and innovative scientist. He was also an outgoing and fun-loving man, who always made time to offer support, guidance and advice to all his colleagues, research group members and scores of scientific friends within the fluorine science community around the world. As a result, he forged strong personal bonds throughout his life and a legacy that has lasted through generations of chemists.
RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Profiles for User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Lite (2005)

Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Incidence of elderly eye injuries in automobile crashes: the effects of lens stiffness as a function of age. (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the incidence of eye injuries with respect to occupant age in frontal automobile crashes as well as to investigate possible injury mechanisms of the elderly eye and the effects of lens stiffness. The National Automotive Sampling System was searched from years 1993-2000 for three separate occupant age groups of 16-35 years old, 36-65 years old, and 66 years old and greater in order to compare the total number of weighted occupants who sustained an eye injury to the number of occupants who sustained an eye injury per age group. Three separate impact scenarios simulating a foam particle (30 m/s), a steering wheel (15 m/s), and an air bag (67 m/s), were applied to a finite element eye model in order to elucidate the effects of aging on the eye when subjected to blunt trauma. The lens stiffness of the model was varied according to human lens stiffness values determined for each age group. Occupants aged 66 years old and greater were two to three times more likely to incur an eye injury than younger occupants. The computational eye model demonstrated that increased risk was related to the increasing stiffness of the lens, producing up to a 120% larger stress in the ciliary body.
A conformational study of peptides with the general structure Ac-L-Xaa-Pro-D-Xaa-L-Xaa-NH2: spectroscopic evidence for a peptide with significant .beta.-turn character in water and in dimethyl sulfoxide (1992)

Several tetrapeptides, Ac-Val-Pro-D-Ser-His-NH_2, in particular, show significant type II β-turn character in water and in dimethyl sulfoxide. Evidence for this turn population is provided by 2D-rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect (ROESY) spectroscopy, ^1H NMR amide temperature coefficients, and circular dichroism (CD) studies. To further investigate which residues specifically contribute to the integrity of the turn, studies on 10 tetrapeptides, having the general sequence AC-LXaa-Pro-D-Xaa-L-Xaa-NH_2, are described. The results show the effects of sequence variations on the type II β-turn forming propensity of these peptides in solution. Conclusions from these studies indicate that a cooperative effect between a sterically hindered, β-branched amino acid at the (i) position and a small, non-β-branched D-amino acid at the (i+2) position promotes turn formation. Implications for use of these sequences as structural nucleation elements in de novo protein design are discussed.
Large Deviations for Products of Non-Identically Distributed Network Matrices With Applications to Communication-Efficient Distributed Learning and Inference (2023)

This paper studies products of independent but non-identically distributed random network matrices that arise as weight matrices in distributed consensus-type computation and inference procedures in peer-to-peer multi-agent networks. The non-identically distributed matrices studied in this paper model various application scenarios in which the agent communication network is time-varying, either naturally or engineered to achieve communication efficiency in computational procedures. First, under broad conditions on the statistics of the network matrix sequence, the product of the sequence is shown to converge almost surely to the consensus matrix and explicit large deviations rate of convergence are obtained. Specifically, given the admissible graph of interconnections modeling the base network topology, it is shown that the large deviations rate of consensus equals the minimum limiting value of the fluctuating graph cuts, where the edge costs are assigned through the current probabilities of the inter-agent communications. Secondly, an application of the above large deviations principle is studied in the context of distributed detection in time-varying networks with sequential observations. By adopting a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">consensus+innovations</i> type distributed detection algorithm, as a by-product of this result, error exponents are obtained for the performance of distributed detection. It is shown that slow starts (slow increase) of inter-agent communication probabilities yield the same asymptotic error rate – and hence the same distributed detection performance, as if the communications were at their nominal levels from the beginning. As an important special case it is shown that when all the intermittent graph cuts have a link the probability of which increases to one, the performance of distributed detection is asymptotically optimal - i.e., equivalent to a centralized setup having access to all network data at all times.
Distributed Translator Part 2: Laboratory Test Results (2010)

본 논문에서는 ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) 지상파 디지털 TV 방송 방식에서의 분산 주파수 망(distributed frequency network)을 위해 개발된 분산중계기(Distributed Translator: DTxR)에 대한 실험실 테스트 결과를 기술하고, 그 결과를 분석한다. DTxR 실험실 테스트는 수신부 테스트와 송신부 테스트로 구분된다. DTxR 수신부 테스트는 dynamic range, 랜덤 잡음, 단일 에코, 인접채널 신호의 간섭 테스트 등을 포함하고, DTxR 송신부 테스트는 출력신호의 품질(대역외 방사, 송신 품질, 위상잡음), 출력신호들의 주파수 일치, TxID (Transmitter Identification) 신호가 상용 수신기에 미치는 영향 평가 등을 포함한다. 실험실 테스트 결과에 의하면, DTxR 수신부는 0~17 us 범위 내의 평균 -2.5 dB의 단일 에코 신호를 제거하며, 랜덤 잡음에 대한 TOV (Threshold of Visibility)는 평균 17.5 dB이다. 또한, DTxR 송신부 출력 신호는 미국의 FCC (Federal Communications Commission) 규격을 만족하며, DTxR 출력신호들의 주파수 차이는 0.001 Hz 보다 작다. This paper presents and analyzes laboratory test results of distributed translator (DTxR) for distributed frequency network (DFN) in the ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) terrestrial digital TV broadcasting system. The DTxR laboratory test is classified to receiving part test and transmitting part test. The receiving part test includes dynamic range, random noise, single echo, and adjacent channel interference. The transmitting part test includes quality of output signal (out-of channel emission, quality of transmitting signal, and phase noise), frequency synchronization among output signals, and TxID (Transmitter Identification) signal's affect to the legacy receiver. By the laboratory test results, the receiving part of DTxR eliminates average -2.5 dB of single echo and has average 17.5 dB at TOV (Threshold of Visibility) under random noise environment. In addition, the transmitting part of DTxR satisfies the specification of US FCC (Federal Communications Commission), and frequency difference among DTxR output signals is less than 0.001 Hz.
Corrosion of Thermal Spray Coatings at High Temperatures (2005)

Abstract This article describes the specific features and mechanisms of oxidation in thermal spray coatings. It discusses the two forms of hot corrosion in sulfur-containing combustion, namely high-temperature hot corrosion and low-temperature hot corrosion. The article reviews the behavior of corrosion-resistant coatings in boilers. The effects of high-temperature corrosion in waste incinerators are detailed. The article also examines the effects of erosion-corrosion in fluidized bed combustion boilers.
Non-linear identification of the parameters of the ABC/abc model of the induction motor (2004)

The problem of estimating the parameters of the induction motor using its ABC/abc model to incorporate the different modes of operation of the machine is discussed. The Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm is used to optimise the parameters of a model, which uses the measurement of currents and voltages of the stator and the rotor. The non-linear identification is made during the transient state and the continuous state. The possibility of exciting the motor by injecting low voltage or harmonics for identifying its parameters and for increasing the precision is also presented.
Optimal sparse representations for blind source separation and blind deconvolution: a learning approach (2005)

We present a generic approach, which allows to adapt sparse blind deconvolution and blind source separation algorithms to arbitrary sources. The key idea is to bring the problem to the case in which the underlying sources are sparse by applying a sparsifying transformation on the mixtures. We present simulation results and show that such transformation can be found by training. Properties of the optimal sparsifying transformation are highlighted by an example with aerial images.
A1Development of an Aberration corrected 1.2-MV Holography Electron Microscope (2015)

A 1.2-MV cold field-emission holography electron microscope equipped with a spherical-aberration corrector has been developed. The microscope has the following superior properties: stabilized accelerating voltage (stability: 0.3 ppm peak to peak), minimized electrical and mechanical fluctuation, and a field emission gun with high stability and brightness [ 1 ]. Information transfer of 43 pm was accomplished by using W{633} chromatic lattice fringes. When this developed FE-TEM was applied to observations of GaN [411] thin samples, the projected Ga atom positions were visualized with 44 pm separation—the smallest separation ever observed. This resolution is an important base performance for effective electron holography observations. The microscope enables performing electromagnetic field observations at high-resolution that were not possible with 300-kV TEMs in various types of research. This research was supported by a grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program),” initiated by the Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP).