gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective C‐C Bond Formation in Carbohydrates by Radical Cyclization Reactions. Part 1. (1989)

Abstract The 2‐(haloethyl)glycal ethers (III) and (VIII) undergo radical‐induced cyclization, forming the fused tetrahydrofurans (IV) or (IX).
Scaling Bounds for Function Computation over Large Networks (2007)

We develop order bounds on the refresh rate of computing functions over large multi-hop sensor networks, with finite degree (finite neighbors for each node). The refresh rate quantifies how often the function can be re-computed with new data at sensor nodes. Giridhar and Kumar (2005) considered deterministic function computation for two important classes of functions (type-threshold and type-sensitive functions) and showed that for networks with high degree (random planar geometric graph with n nodes and average degree Theta(log n)), type- threshold functions (e.g. max) are easy to compute (refresh rate of Theta(1/log(n))), and type-sensitive functions (e.g. average) can be computed only at a rate Theta(1/log(n)). In this paper, we first show that type-threshold functions can be computed at an optimal refresh rate of Theta(1) over networks with finite degree. However, the computation of type-sensitive function do not become uniformly faster as the graph degree becomes smaller. We demonstrate that while some type-sensitive functions (such as computing parity) are not hard to compute in finite degree graphs (we can achieve a refresh rate proportional to (1/d), where d is the maximum graph degree), there exist type-sensitive functions (e.g., computing the average to one-bit precision) in this class that cannot be deterministically computed faster than Theta(1/log n) even for finite degree graphs. However, by relaxing the requirements to allow probabilistic guarantees, computing the average can be achieved at a refresh rate of Theta(1) over any graph with bounded degree and a refresh rate of Theta(1/ log log n) for random planar networks. Further, for random planar networks operating over an AWGN channel with signal power path-loss, we show that even refresh rates of Theta(1) can be achieved with vanishing distortion when the power path- loss exponent is strictly less than 4. Thus, relaxing deterministic computation guarantees to probabilistic requirements enables sizea
6‐Phenylhexyl silane derivatized, sputtered silicon solid phase microextraction fiber for the parts‐per‐trillion detection of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water and baby formula (2021)

We report the fabrication of 6-phenylhexylsilane derivatized, sputtered silicon, solid phase microextraction fibers that show parts per trillion detection limits for polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and negligible carry over and phase bleed. Their fabrication involves sputtering silicon on silica fibers under various conditions. Six different fibers were evaluated by generating three different thicknesses of sputtered silicon at two different throw distances, which altered the morphologies of the silicon surfaces. All of the fibers were coated with similar thicknesses of 6-phenylhexylsilane (ca. 2 nm). These fibers were characterized with multiple analytical techniques. The optimum fiber configuration was then used to analyze polyaromatic hydrocarbons via direct immersion, gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Our best fiber for the extraction of low molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water had similar performance to that of a commercial fiber. However, our fiber demonstrated ca. 3 times the extraction efficiency for higher molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, it outperformed the commercial fiber by showing better linearity, repeatability, and detection limits. A method for analyzing polyaromatic hydrocarbons in baby formula was developed, which showed very good linearity (0.5-125 ppb), repeatability (2-26%), detection limits (0.12-0.81 ppb), and recoveries (103-135%). In addition, our fiber showed much less (negligible) carry over and phase bleed than the commercially available fibers.
Setting the Stage: A Brief Introduction to Sterically Hindered Amines in Organic Chemistry and Scouting Experiments (1982)

Abstract The precise tailoring of polymer molecules (macromolecular engineering) by cationic methods can only be achieved in the absence of adventitious protogenic events, i.e., uncontrolled initiation, chain transfer to monomer. It is postulated that these undesirable processes can be aborted in cationic polymerization charges by the use of certain sterically hindered amines. This group of compounds has been used to scavenge protons in preparative small molecule organic chemistry, the pertinent literature of which is briefly examined. Orienting polymerization experiments carried out in the presence of various sterically hindered amines, in particular with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-pyridine, gave encouraging results in terms of conversion, molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions, and gave impetus for further detailed investigations.
Azimuthal decorrelation of jets widely separated in rapidity in pp collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV (2016)

The decorrelation in the azimuthal angle between the most forward and the most backward jets (Mueller-Navelet jets) is measured in data collected in pp collisions with the CMS detector at the LHC at s = 7 TeV. The measurement is presented in the form of distributions of azimuthal-angle differences, , between the Mueller-Navelet jets, the average cosines of ( -), 2( -), and 3( -), and ratios of these cosines. The jets are required to have transverse momenta, p T , in excess of 35 GeV and rapidities, |y|, of less than 4.7. The results are presented as a function of the rapidity separation, y, between the Mueller-Navelet jets, reaching y up to 9.4 for the first time. The results are compared to predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators and to analytical predictions based on the DGLAP and BFKL parton evolution schemes.
A Novel, Balanced, and Energy-Efficient Training Method for Receive Antenna Selection (2010)

In receive antenna selection (AS), only signals from a subset of the antennas are processed at any time by the limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains available at the receiver. Hence, the transmitter needs to send pilots multiple times to enable the receiver to estimate the channel state of all the antennas and select the best subset. Conventionally, the sensitivity of coherent reception to channel estimation errors has been tackled by boosting the energy allocated to all pilots to ensure accurate channel estimates for all antennas. Energy for pilots received by unselected antennas is mostly wasted, especially since the selection process is robust to estimation errors. In this paper, we propose a novel training method uniquely tailored for AS that transmits one extra pilot symbol that generates accurate channel estimates for the antenna subset that actually receives data. Consequently, the transmitter can selectively boost the energy allocated to the extra pilot. We derive closed-form expressions for the proposed scheme's symbol error probability for MPSK and MQAM, and optimize the energy allocated to pilot and data symbols. Through an insightful asymptotic analysis, we show that the optimal solution achieves full diversity and is better than the conventional method.
AN IMPROVED BI-CMOS PROCESS (1992)

Using an improved BI-CMOS process, we developed an NTSC video-processing IC which combines analog circuits and digital circuits in a new way. Consequently, we were able to achieve good picture performance and to reduce the number of peripheral components. 1 I I NTRODUCT I ON
A study of rheological limitations in rotary jet spinning of polymer nanofibers through modeling and experimentation (2020)

ABSTRACT The recently popularized method of rotary jet spinning (RJS) or centrifugal spinning is investigated to evaluate the rheological limitations of polymer solutions and melts to optimal spinnability. The influence of Newtonian or non‐Newtonian behavior of the polymer on spinnability is discussed. We observe that highly viscous polymers tend to block the die channels within a rotary jet spinneret and therefore suggest the use of relatively low Newtonian viscosities of between 1 and 10 Pa s for optimal fiber production. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are used in conjunction with experimental data to establish important processing parameters, such as typical shear rates in the device and optimal polymer melt or solution viscosities. A theoretical model for RJS is compared to measured fiber diameters. The comparison shows that although fiber diameters can be estimated very roughly in the case of polymer solutions, the prediction of fiber diameter in the case of polymer melts require further modeling work. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48963.
Gibberellin biosynthesis and signalling during development of the strawberry receptacle (2011)

The enlargement of receptacle cells during strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit development is a critical factor determining fruit size, with the increase in cell expansion being one of the most important physiological processes regulated by the phytohormone gibberellin (GA). Here, we studied the role of GA during strawberry fruit development by analyzing the endogenous content of bioactive GAs and the expression of key components of GA signalling and metabolism. Bioactive GA(1) , GA(3) and GA(4) were monitored during fruit development, with the content of GA(4) being extremely high in the receptacle, peaking at the white stage of development. •Genes with high homology to genes encoding GA pathway components, including receptors (FaGID1(GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1)b and FaGID1c), DELLA (FaRGA(REPRESSOR OF GA) and FaGAI(GA-INSENSITIVE)), and enzymes involved in GA biosynthesis (FaGA3ox) and catabolism (FaGA2ox), were identified, and their expression in different tissues and developmental stages of strawberry fruit was studied in detail. The expression of all of these genes showed a stage-specific pattern during fruit development and was highest in the receptacle. FaGID1c bound GA in vitro, interacted with FaRGA in vitro and in vivo, and increased GA responses when ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis. This study thus reveals key elements of GA responses in strawberry and points to a critical role for GA in the development of the receptacle.
CATT onderzoek aardappelpootgoed en Meloidogyne chitwoodi en M. fallax in 2018 en 2019 : onderzoek naar de invloed van een CATT behandeling op de vitaliteit van knollen van diverse aardappelrassen en de mate van bestrijding van M. chitwoodi (het maiswortelknobbelaaltje) en van M. fallax (bedrieglijk maiswortelknobbelaaltje) in een besmette partij aardappelknollen (2019)

Materiaal en methoden
A confidence-based approach for improving keyword hypothesis scores (2013)

The task in keyword spotting (KWS) is to hypothesise times at which any of a set of key terms occurs in audio. An important aspect of such systems are the scores assigned to these hypotheses, the accuracy of which have a significant impact on performance. Estimating these scores may be formulated as a confidence estimation problem, where a measure of confidence is assigned to each key term hypothesis. In this work, a set of discriminative features is defined, and combined using a conditional random field (CRF) model for improved confidence estimation. An extension to this model to directly address the problem of score normalisation across key terms is also introduced. The implicit score normalisation which results from applying this approach to separate systems in a hybrid configuration yields further benefits. Results are presented which show notable improvements in KWS performance using the techniques presented in this work.
Impact of Elastic Optical Paths That Adopt Distance Adaptive Modulation to Create Efficient Networks (2012)

We propose optical path routing and frequency slot assignment algorithms that can make the best use of elastic optical paths and the capabilities of distance adaptive modulation. Due to the computational difficulty of the assignment problem, we develop algorithms for 1+1 dedicated/1:1 shared protected ring networks and unprotected mesh networks to that fully utilize the characteristics of the topologies. Numerical experiments elucidate that the introduction of path elasticity and distance adaptive modulation significantly reduce the occupied bandwidth.
Simultaneous, two-color fluorescence detection of total protein profiles and β-glucuronidase activity in polyacrylamide gel (2001)

A dichromatic method for measuring the specific activity of beta-glucuronidase from complex cell homogenates or partially purified protein fractions is presented. Dual fluorescence is achieved by using the green emitting fluorogenic substrate ELF 97 beta-D-glucuronide to detect beta-glucuronidase activity, followed by the red emitting SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain or SYPRO Ruby IEF gel stain to detect the remaining proteins in the electrophoretic profile. Both ELF 97 alcohol, the highly fluorescent hydrolytic product generated from the enzyme substrate, and the SYPRO Ruby total protein stains are maximally excited by ultraviolet illumination. ELF 97 alcohol emits maximally at 525 nm while the SYPRO Ruby dyes emit maximally at 610 nm. Since ELF 97 beta-glucuronide is a precipitating substrate, it allows precise localization of beta-glucuronidase activity with minimal band diffusion. The staining method is simple and direct, without the requirement for ancillary coupling reactions. Dichromatic protein detection is demonstrated after sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, carrier ampholyte-mediated isoelectric focusing or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
Leukotriene formation by purified 5-lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells (1986)

In this study, a PMAxx-qPCR method for the detection and quantification of viable Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) was established based on the cesA gene that is involved in cereulide synthesis, enterotoxin gene bceT and hemolytic enterotoxin gene hblD combined with modified propidium monoazide (PMAxx). The sensitivity detection limit of the method was as follows: the DNA extracted by the kit reached 140 fg/μL, and the bacterial suspension without enrichment reached 2.24 × 10<sup>1</sup> CFU/mL; 14 nonB. cereus strains of the 17 tested strains all tested as negative, whereas the 2 strains of B. cereus carrying the target virulence gene(s) could be accurately detected. In terms of application, we assembled the constructed PMAxx-qPCR reaction into a detection kit and evaluated its application performance. The results showed that the detection kit has high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capability, and has good application potential. The purpose of this study is to provide a reliable detection method for the prevention and traceability of B. cereus infections.
Trifluoromethyl Group Effect in Chlorination of Dihydro-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide : Unusual Non-Stereospecific Addition (1999)

In our previous papers,1 we reported that the conversion of dihydro-1,4-oxathiin 1 to isomeric dihydro-1,4-oxathiin 3 through dichloro-1,4-oxathiane 2. Trifluoromethyl group has received increasing interest owing to its unique nature for material sciences and potential biological activities for phar-maceuticals and agrochemicals. In the course of our studies of the development of new agrochemical fungicides, we reported2 that the synthesis of trifluoromethylated dihydro-1,4-oxathiin 4 which is an analogue of a systemic fungicide, carboxin used for seed treatment. Here we describe an unan-ticipated result in the chlorination of trifluoromethylated dihydro-1,4-oxathiin 4 and compare the results with those reported previously.1,3R = NHC6H5 Results The starting trifluoromethylated dihydro-1,4-oxathiin 4
Delay Identification in Thermoacoustics (2021)

Abstract The stability of thermoacoustic systems is often regulated by the time delay between acoustic perturbations and corresponding heat release fluctuations. An accurate estimate of this value is of great importance in applications since even small modifications can introduce significant changes in the system behavior. Different studies show that the nonlinear delayed dynamics typical of these systems can be well captured with low-order models. In this work, a method is introduced to estimate the most likely value of the time delay of a single thermoacoustic mode from a measured acoustic pressure signal. The mode of interest is modeled by an oscillator equation, with a nonlinear delayed forcing term modeling the deterministic flame contribution and an additive white Gaussian noise to embed the stochastic combustion noise. Additionally, other thermoacoustic relevant parameters are estimated. The model accounts for a flame gain, for a flame saturation coefficient, for linear acoustic damping, and for the background combustion noise intensity. The pressure data time series is statistically analyzed and the set of unknown parameters is identified. Validation is performed with respect to synthetically generated time series and low order model simulations, for which the underlying delay is known a priori. A discussion follows about the accuracy of the method, in particular, a comparison with existing methods is drawn.
Load-pull characterization method using six-port techniques (2003)

The ability of the six-port technique to perform simultaneous measurements of microwave impedance and power flow at an arbitrary reference plane has been bound to be directly applicable to load-pull characterization. This technique avoids the use of additional directional couplers and power meters generally needed in microwave power flow measurements. An experimental six-port network analyzer has been used as a load-pull system in an active load tuning configuration. Experimental results for a microwave transistor characterization confirm the validity of this method. This technique uses less hardware than conventional methods and provides a comparable accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiscale modelling of insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (2013)

Dysfunctional insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells plays a major role in the development of diabetes. The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) is a widely used clinical test to assess β-cell function. The analysis of IVGTT data is conveniently performed using mathematical models, which need to be fairly simple to enable parameter identifiability (minimal models), but should at the same time have sound biological foundation at the cellular level. Using mathematical analysis and model reduction, we show here that our recent mathematical model of insulin secretory granule dynamics in β-cells provides mechanistic underpinning for our minimal model of pancreatic insulin secretion during an IVGTT.
Acute and Persistent Infection of Human Neural Cell Lines by Human Coronavirus OC43 (1999)

ABSTRACT Human coronaviruses (HuCV) are recognized respiratory pathogens. Data accumulated by different laboratories suggest their neurotropic potential. For example, primary cultures of human astrocytes and microglia were shown to be susceptible to an infection by the OC43 strain of HuCV (A. Bonavia, N. Arbour, V. W. Yong, and P. J. Talbot, J. Virol. 71:800–806, 1997). We speculate that the neurotropism of HuCV will lead to persistence within the central nervous system, as was observed for murine coronaviruses. As a first step in the verification of our hypothesis, we have characterized the susceptibility of various human neural cell lines to infection by HuCV-OC43. Viral antigen, infectious virus progeny, and viral RNA were monitored during both acute and persistent infections. The astrocytoma cell lines U-87 MG, U-373 MG, and GL-15, as well as neuroblastoma SK-N-SH, neuroglioma H4, oligodendrocytic MO3.13, and the CHME-5 immortalized fetal microglial cell lines, were all susceptible to an acute infection by HuCV-OC43. Viral antigen and RNA and release of infectious virions were observed during persistent HuCV-OC43 infections (∼130 days of culture) of U-87 MG, U-373 MG, MO3.13, and H4 cell lines. Nucleotide sequences of RNA encoding the putatively hypervariable viral S1 gene fragment obtained after 130 days of culture were compared to that of initial virus input. Point mutations leading to amino acid changes were observed in all persistently infected cell lines. Moreover, an in-frame deletion was also observed in persistently infected H4 cells. Some point mutations were observed in some molecular clones but not all, suggesting evolution of the viral population and the emergence of viral quasispecies during persistent infection of H4, U-87 MG, and MO3.13 cell lines. These results are consistent with the potential persistence of HuCV-OC43 in cells of the human nervous system, accompanied by the production of infectious virions and molecular variation of viral genomic RNA.
Dynamic magnetization of thermally blocked iron oxide nanoparticles characterized by a sensitive AC magnetometer using a resonant excitation coil (2018)

In this study, a development of a sensitive AC magnetometer using a resonant Litz wire coil is reported. Using the AC magnetometer, we characterized the dynamic magnetization of thermally blocked iron oxide nanoparticles in different viscosity of carrier liquid. The multi-core iron oxide nanoparticles have a mean core size of 12 nm. The magnetization curve was measured by a specially developed high-Tc SQUID magnetometer. Using the measured dynamic magnetization, we then reconstructed the distribution of the hydrodynamic size of the particles by assuming a log-normal distribution of particle size in a Debye function of magnetic response. The AC susceptibility model by Shliomis and Stepanov which accounts for anisotropic directions of the easy axes of magnetic nanoparticles with respect to the excitation field direction, was used. The reconstructed hydrodynamic sizes agreed with the size determined from dynamic light scattering method. The peak of imaginary component of magnetization shifted to lower frequency region as viscosity increased. We showed that harmonics ratio and the lagging phase can be used to independently determine the viscosity of carrier liquid. A highly sensitive exploration of dynamics properties of magnetic nanoparticles can be expected by using the developed system.
Ubiquitous Element Strategy: Outline and Aim (2012)

We propose a ‘ubiquitous element strategy’ for materials research which aims at realizing functionalities utilizing abundant elements. Creation of innovative oxide materials and devices based on conventional ceramics is a challenge belong to this strategy. This article describes the concept of ubiquitous element strategy and gives some highlights of our recent research on the synthesis of electronic and thermionic functions.
Syntheses of Compounds Active Toward Glutamate Receptors. Part 1. New Preparative Synthesis of Aminoindandicarboxylic Acid (AIDA). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.