gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dioxygen and carbonyl binding to iron(II) porphyrins: a comparison of the "picket fence" and "pocket" porphyrins (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDioxygen and carbonyl binding to iron(II) porphyrins: a comparison of the "picket fence" and "pocket" porphyrinsJames P. Collman, John I. Brauman, Brent L. Iverson, Jonathan L. Sessler, Roger M. Morris, and Quentin H. GibsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 10, 3052–3064Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00348a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00348a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1086Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the regulation of beta-nerve growth factor gene expression in the rat iris: the level of mRNA-encoding nerve growth factor is increased in irises placed in explant cultures in vitro, but not in irises deprived of sensory or sympathetic innervation in vivo. (1986)

Beta-nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein necessary for the survival and maintenance of sympathetic and sensory neurons that appears to be produced by the target tissues of these neurons in vivo. Both denervation and the culture of explants of one model target, the rat iris, leads to an increase in the NGF content, suggesting that innervating neurons may regulate a step in synthesis or turnover of NGF. To determine whether there is a change in synthesis controlled at the mRNA level, the rat iris has been assayed for its content of NGF mRNA after surgical and chemical denervation and after explant into culture. Using a sensitive blot hybridization assay, a large, rapid increase in the content of NGF mRNA was observed upon explant of the rat iris. The increase was readily detectable within 1 h, reached a maximum increase of 10- to 20-fold by 6 to 12 h, and was still evident after 3 d in culture. The distribution of NGF mRNA in different areas of the iris does not change during this time. This rapid increase in NGF mRNA is also seen in the fully innervated iris in vivo after trauma to the anterior chamber. In contrast, denervation to varying degrees in situ had no effect on NGF mRNA levels. Neither removal of sympathetic innervation by surgical or chemical methods nor combined surgical removal of sympathetic and sensory innervation detectably altered NGF mRNA content. Thus, denervation of the rat iris in situ does not cause the observed accumulation of NGF by increasing the level of NGF mRNA, and the increase in NGF content must be due to other factors.
Variability and energy awareness (2005)

This paper proposes microarchitecture-level models for Within Die (WID) process and system parameter variability that can be included in the design of high-performance processors. Since decisions taken at microarchitecture level have the largest impact on both performance and power, on one hand, and global variability effect, on the other hand, models and associated metrics are needed for their joint characterization and analysis. To assess how these variations affect or are affected by microarchitecture decisions, we propose a joint performance, power and variability metric that is able to distinguish among various design choices. As a design-driver for the modeling methodology, we consider a clustered high-performance processor implementation, along with its Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous (GALS) counterpart. Results show that, when comparing the baseline, synchronous and its GALS counterpart, microarchitecture-driven impact of process variability translates into 2-10% faster local clocks for the GALS case, while when taking into account the effect of on-chip temperature variability, local clocks can be 8-18% faster. If, in addition, voltage scaling (DVS) is employed, the GALS architecture with DVS is 26% better in terms of the joint quality metric employing energy, performance, and variability.
Growth Of Instabilities In Two Types Of Mixing Layers (1991)

Report discusses issues involved in computation of growth of instabilities and vorticity in mixing (shear) layer between two parallel flows having different speeds and separated initially by flat surface. Study focusses upon degree to which these growing flow structures hasten or retard their own further growth, and upon related question of differences between flows computed according to mathematical models of S-layer and T-layer mixing. Transformation method used offers suitable tool for study of such flows.
Phenothiazine and carbazole substituted pyrene based electroluminescent organic semiconductors for OLED devices (2015)

Two new solution processable pyrene based electroluminescent organic semiconductors (<bold>PY-PH</bold> &amp; <bold>PY-CA</bold>) and their OLED performance reported.
Joint modelling of medium access and primary/secondary users for cognitive radios through Markov chain (2013)

The channel availability of cognitive radio is often estimated through a two‐state ON/OFF model of primary users’ (PUs) behaviour. The ON/OFF model estimates channel availability with respect to the presence of PUs. Multiple secondary users (SUs) may be aware of channel availability, and try to opportunistically access the channel when it becomes available. Hence, the ON/OFF model may overestimate channel capacity from the perspective of SUs, since the channel could be occupied not only by a resuming PU, but also by contending SUs. Proposed is a joint channel availability estimation through a Markov chain model which takes into account, within a single model, PU behaviour and the SU's carrier sensing with multiple access/collision avoidance contention access, without leading to the state explosion problem. Simulations performed show that the joint channel availability equation is able to estimate channel capacity with mean errors of around 2%.
A Novel Entry to C‐Glycals via Diethylzinc‐Mediated Umpolung of π‐Allyl Palladium Derived from 1‐exo‐Methylene 2,3‐Anhydrofuranoses. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Scalable Framework for Learning From Implicit User Feedback to Improve Natural Language Understanding in Large-Scale Conversational AI Systems (2021)

Sunghyun Park, Han Li, Ameen Patel, Sidharth Mudgal, Sungjin Lee, Young-Bum Kim, Spyros Matsoukas, Ruhi Sarikaya. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2021.
Adjuvant Methods in Macular Hole Surgery: Intraoperative Plasma-Thrombin Mixture and Postoperative Fluid-Gas Exchange (2001)

A combination of intravitreal perfluorocarbon gas and autologous plasma-thrombin mixture (tissue glue) was well tolerated in most patients and did not result in any specific long-term complications. The use of supplemental fluid-gas exchange when necessary improved the final success rate. Further well-controlled and randomized studies will be required to determine the efficacy of this as an adjunct or alternative to other methods of treatment for macular holes.
The gene virilizer is required for female-specific splicing controlled by Sxl, the master gene for sexual development in Drosophila (1995)

The gene virilizer (vir) is needed for dosage compensation and sex determination in females and for an unknown vital function in both sexes. In genetic mosaics, XX somatic cells mutant for vir differentiate male structures. One allele, vir2f, is lethal for XX, but not for XY animals. This female-specific lethality can be rescued by constitutive expression of Sxl or by mutations in msl (male-specific lethal) genes. Rescued animals develop as strongly masculinized intersexes or pseudomales. They have male-specifically spliced mRNA of tra, and when rescued by msl, also of Sxl. Our data indicate that vir is a positive regulator of female-specific splicing of Sxl and of tra pre-mRNA.
Electrochemical and In Situ Neutron Diffraction Investigations of La‐Ni‐Al‐H Alloys (1997)

The performance of selected hydride electrodes was studied by extensive electrochemical measurements and in situ neutron‐diffraction measurements of the deuterated electrode (MDx ) during electrochemical charge‐discharge cycles. A small addition of aluminum increased the capacity tenfold under ambient conditions. Increased cell impedance and reduced capacity were noted through the cycle life of cells and were found to be associated with the corrosion and leaching of aluminum from the alloy. A high aluminum content alloy (y = 0.6), however, compensated for the corrosion loss of aluminum by achieving a longer cycle life than that of a low‐aluminum‐content alloy (y = 0.12). In situ neutron diffraction indicated that only alpha phase was present in the low‐aluminum‐content alloy, , while both alpha and beta phases were present in , the fully charged state. With in situ neutron‐diffraction measurements, the absolute values of x in the MDx formula can be determined for various charge/discharge states, while the coulometry of cell cycling measures only the change in x.
Practitioner's Trial on the Efficacy of Antihypertensive Treatment in the Elderly Hypertension (the PATE-Hypertension Study) in Japan (2000)

Patients aged 60 years and older with essential hypertension were treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I), delapril (Adecut) or a long-acting calcium (Ca)-antagonist, manidipine (Calslot) for 3 years. The incidences of cardiovascular events as well as drug-related side effects were compared between the two groups to investigate whether both classes of antihypertensive drugs are beneficial in elderly hypertensive patients. There were no significant differences in characteristics of patients between the two intervention groups, except for slightly lower blood pressure (P = .08) in the Ca-antagonist group at the initiation of the study. There were no significant differences in total death between the two groups. Cardiovascular events (both fatal and nonfatal) were noted in 34 of 699 patients (22.5/1000 patient-years) in the ACE-I group and 50 of 1049 patients (19.7/1000 patient-years) in the Ca-antagonist group, with no significant difference found between the two groups. The correlation between cardiovascular incidence and the blood pressure attained during treatment showed a J-shaped phenomenon and suggests that an excessive reduction less than 120 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) is unnecessary and may be harmful in certain cases. Side effects were more frequent in the ACE-I group than in the Ca-antagonist group (P = .01). Cough was the major adverse event, occurring in 5.0% of patients in the ACE-I group. In conclusion, the study indicates that both ACE-I (delapril) and Ca-antagonist (manidipine) were equally beneficial for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in elderly hypertensive patients. However, tolerability of ACE-I was lower due to the adverse event of coughing.
Plasticine (2017)

Reconfigurable architectures have gained popularity in recent years as they allow the design of energy-efficient accelerators. Fine-grain fabrics (e.g. FPGAs) have traditionally suffered from performance and power inefficiencies due to bit-level reconfigurable abstractions. Both fine-grain and coarse-grain architectures (e.g. CGRAs) traditionally require low level programming and suffer from long compilation times. We address both challenges with Plasticine, a new spatially reconfigurable architecture designed to efficiently execute applications composed of parallel patterns. Parallel patterns have emerged from recent research on parallel programming as powerful, high-level abstractions that can elegantly capture data locality, memory access patterns, and parallelism across a wide range of dense and sparse applications.
Stereochemistry at the Forefront in the Design and Discovery of Novel Anti-tuberculosis Agents (2011)

Today, 75% of new drugs introduced to the market are single enantiomers and new techniques in asymmetric synthesis and chiral separation expedites chiral drug discovery and development worldwide. The enantiomers of a chiral drug present unique chemical and pharmacological behaviors in a chiral environment, such as the human body, in which the stereochemistry of chiral drugs determines their pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological actions. Thus, it is imperative that only the pure and therapeutically active isomer be prepared and marketed. Tuberculosis (TB), a highly contagious and airborne disease that is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), currently represents one of the most threatening health problems globally. The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), as well as HIV co-infection along with a lengthy treatment regimen, highlights an urgent need for the development of new anti-TB agents. Currently, new chiral anti-TB agents are being developed from some well-known anti-TB agents, high throughput screening (HTS) hits, and natural products. This review will focus on the reported chiral anti-TB agents together with the clinical importance of their chirality and stereochemistry.
Functional expression of the oxytocin receptor in Xenopus laevis oocytes primed with mRNA from bovine endometrium (1988)

ABSTRACT Synthesis of the uterine receptor for the hypothalamic hormone oxytocin has been induced in oocytes from Xenopus laevis previously primed with bovine endometrium mRNA. The injected oocytes responded to oxytocin by showing dose-dependent oscillations in membrane currents as recorded by the voltage-clamp method. The response was specific in that it was not elicited by several other peptides tested. The oxytocin-induced membrane changes were suppressed when oocytes were pretreated with an oxytocin receptor antagonist.
Depolarization properties of the normal human fovea (2009)

Depolarization data is provided for several normal retinas. Mueller matrix images of normal human fovea were acquired with a custom imaging Mueller matrix retinal polarimeter (the GDx-MM) over a 9° field at 780nm and have been analyzed for depolarization index and the variation of degree of polarization with incident polarization state. The degree of polarization (DoP) was often above 50% and varied in complex ways as a function of the incident polarization states. The depolarization properties around the macula loosely correlated with the retardance image. High spatial frequency depolarizing structures were evident throughout the fovea.
Influence of Contact Barrier Height on the Characteristics of Polymer Field-Effect Transistors (2005)

We investigated the influence of contact barrier height on the performance of polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) by using metals with work functions closely matching the electron and hole transport levels of the polymer or by adjusting the individual HOMO/LUMO levels of the polymer layer. No clear relationship between the bulk mobilities measured by time-of-flight method and the field-effect mobilities calculated from saturation drain current was found in the present study. In contrast, the field-effect mobilities in π-conjugated polymers used in this study show a tendency to slightly increase with a decrease in carrier injection barrier.
Fungal Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibitors: Introduction of a Test System Based on the Production of Dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) Melanin in Agar Cultures (1995)

In a screening for inhibitors of fungal melanin biosynthesis a novel test system was success­ fully employed. With this test system, based on the production of dihydroxynaphthalene melanin (DHN melanin) by a Lachnellula species in agar cultures, extracts of cultures of basidiomycetes, ascomycetes and deuteromycetes were tested. From fermentations of Col-lybia dryophila, 6-methylpurine (1) and 6-methyl-9-β-ᴅ-ribofuranosylpurine (2) were isolated as the active principles and 3,5-dichloro-4-methoxybenzoic acid (3) was obtained from cultures of Stropharia squamosa. The corresponding alcohol (4) and aldehyde (5) previously isolated from several basidiomycetes, were also active in this test system. In a screening of fungal metabolites, 1-methoxy-8-hydroxynaphthalene and 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene inhibited biosynthesis of DHN melanin. Among the inhibitors identified, compounds 3 -5 were the most selective ones. They were the only metabolites without cytotoxic activities.
Cutting Edge: Resistance to Apoptosis and Continuous Proliferation of Dendritic Cells Deficient for TNF Receptor-1 (2000)

The individual roles of the two TNFRs on dendritic cells (DC) are poorly understood. Investigating bone marrow-derived DC from TNFR-deficient mice, we found that cultures from TNFR1(-/-) mice continue to form proliferating clusters for 6-9 mo. In contrast, DC derived from wild-type, TNFR2(-/-), or TNFR1/2(-/-) mice survived for only 3-4 wk. DC obtained from these TNFR1(-/-) long term cultures (LTC) mice show an unusual mixed immature/mature phenotype. The continuous proliferation of the LTC is GM-CSF dependent and correlates with decreased protein levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27(KIP1) and p21(CIP1). Prolonged survival of TNFR1(-/-) DC appears to be independent from NF-kappaB and Bcl-2 pathways and is rather enabled by the down-regulation of CD95, resulting in the resistance to CD95 ligand-induced apoptosis. These data point to proapoptotic signals mediated via TNFR1 and antiapoptotic signals mediated via TNFR2 in DC.
Angiopoietin-2 Is a Site-Specific Factor in Differentiation of Mouse Renal Vasculature (2000)

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) stimulates endothelial and vascular network differentiation through the Tie-2 receptor tyrosine kinase, while Ang-2 modulates this activation in embryo and tumor growth. The nephrogenic pattern of Ang-2 was documented in a mouse strain that expresses the LacZ reporter gene driven by the Ang-2 promoter. Heterozygous animals were healthy with morphologically normal kidneys, and they were examined after X-gal staining. At embryonic days 10.5 (E10.5) and E12.0, transgene expression was absent in the mesonephros and metanephros. At E14.0, expression was noted in the metanephric artery and its major branches. At E19.0 and in neonatal kidneys, expression was maintained in larger renal artery branches, extending to arcuate and smaller cortical vessels. Histologically, transgene expression was located in multiple layers of vessel wall cells, extending further from the endothelium than alpha-smooth muscle actin. The mesangium of immature glomeruli also expressed LacZ. In the first 3 postnatal weeks, a new pattern became evident, with intense X-gal staining in the inner stripe of the outer medulla, where a subset of thin descending limbs of loops of Henle expressed the transgene. This dynamic and developmentally regulated pattern indicates that Ang-2 is an early marker of the renal pericyte and vascular smooth muscle lineage and is also an epithelial-derived growth factor. Because Tie-2 is widely expressed by differentiating renal endothelia, this study is consistent with the hypothesis that Ang-2 has roles in kidney vascular maturation.
Perfusion characteristics of a coronary artery ligation model in mice using Tc-99m-MIBI/SPECT and N-13-ammonia/PET (2018)

1534 Objectives: Myocardial perfusion assessment using nuclear imaging techniques is a standard radiologic practice in the clinical management of myocardial infarction (MI). However, very little work has been done to characterize myocardial distribution of commonly used perfusion tracers in mouse models of MI. The non-invasive and sensitive nature of nuclear procedures are sought after characteristics in drug development research; application of PET and/or SPECT in advancing stem cell and anti-oxidant therapy as well as organ transplant will be of immense significance. Here we describe the use of Tc-99m-Sestamibi (MIBI) and N-13-ammonia in a mouse model of left anterior coronary artery ligation (LAD ligation) for rapid and non-invasive characterization of ligation success and extent of injury.
 Methods: CD-1 mice (20-30 g) were anesthetized with isoflurane, endotracheally intubated, and ventilated. An incision was made on the left distal rib space, and the ribs were retracted above the left ventricle. A suture (8.0 nylon) was placed under the left anterior descending coronary artery and tied to restrict blood flow to the left ventricle. The ribs were approximated and sutured in place and the incision was closed. The mice were allowed to recover for 3 hours before imaging. Helical SPECT (24 projections of 45 s duration) was acquired of thoracic region by BioScan NanoSPECT In vivo Animal Imager at 1 h after injecting 74 MBq of MIBI in the tail vein (100-150 µL). PET acquisition was done on a Gamma Medica Ideas FLEX XO XPET PreClinlical Platform. PET was performed immediately after injecting approximately 8 MBq of N-13-ammonia in the tail vein (150 µL). For anatomical landmarks, whole body CT followed both SPECT and PET acquisitions. Infarct area was confirmed with Evans blue and TTC staining post-euthanasia. Results: Although non-gated nature of image acquisition resulted in significant loss of resolution, both Tc-99m-MIBI and N-13-ammonia showed a clear perfusion defect in the infarct area. Infarct delineation by MIBI/SPECT was better than that by N-13-ammonia/PET, which could be attributed to the difference in the spatial resolution of the cameras or residual blood pool activity at the imaging timepoints. The magnitude of image-derived perfusion deficit closely correlated with histologic assessment of infarct on Evans blue- and TTC-stained short axis heart slices. Conclusions: Small animal SPECT and PET have the resolution and sensitivity to assess myocardial perfusion in mouse model of MI. As such these techniques could be employed for non-invasive characterization of this standard model which is widely used in drug development research.
Salmonella typhimuriumand Lipopolysaccharide Stimulate Extracellularly Regulated Kinase Activation in Macrophages by a Mechanism Involving Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Phospholipase D as Novel Intermediates (1999)

Activation of the extracellularly regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is part of the early biochemical events that follow lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of macrophages or their infection by virulent and attenuated Salmonella strains. Phagocytosis as well as the secretion of invasion-associated proteins is dispensable for ERK activation by the pathogen. Furthermore, the pathways used by Salmonella and LPS to stimulate ERK are identical, suggesting that kinase activation might be solely mediated by LPS. Both stimuli activate ERK by a mechanism involving herbimycin-dependent tyrosine kinase(s) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Phospholipase D activation and stimulation of protein kinase C appear to be intermediates in this novel pathway of MEK/ERK activation.