gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of Tetrahymena 22 S dynein. (1990)

Studies involving 32P labeling and wet ashing of isolated dynein reveal that isolated dynein contains approximately 6 mol of phosphate predominantly distributed over four polypeptides of molecular masses of 78, 76, 47, and 23 kDa. Dynein must, therefore, be phosphorylated to at least this extent in vivo. The catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and an axonemal cAMP-dependent protein kinase contaminating the dynein preparation can further phosphorylate dynein in vitro. Each kinase can place up to 0.5 mol of phosphate on native dynein polypeptides of molecular masses of 78 and 34 kDa. Removal of two of the phosphates on isolated dynein by either acid or alkaline phosphatase results in a 28% decrease in the specific activity of dynein in the presence or absence of microtubules. Selective attenuation of the microtubule-activated ATPase, but not the uncoupled free dynein ATPase, would be indicative of a regulatory function of the phosphates. The in vivo regulation of the dynein ATPase by the two phosphates accessible to acid or alkaline phosphatase is therefore subject to question. Other phosphates on dynein must be examined for their effect on the microtubule-dynein cross-bridge cycle and motility before phosphorylation can definitively be established as a mode of dynein regulation.
Tetraoxane–Pyrimidine Nitrile Hybrids as Dual Stage Antimalarials (2014)

The use of artemisinin or other endoperoxides in combination with other drugs is a strategy to prevent development of resistant strains of Plasmodium parasites. Our previous work demonstrated that hybrid compounds, comprising endoperoxides and vinyl sulfones, were capable of high activity profiles comparable to artemisinin and chloroquine while acting through two distinct mechanisms of action: oxidative stress and falcipain inhibition. In this study, we adapted this approach to a novel class of falcipain inhibitors: peptidomimetic pyrimidine nitriles. Pyrimidine tetraoxane hybrids displayed potent nanomolar activity against three strains of Plasmodium falciparum and falcipain-2, combined with low cytotoxicity. In vivo, a decrease in parasitemia and an increase in survival of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei was observed when compared to control. All tested compounds combined good blood stage activity with significant effects on liver stage parasitemia, a most welcome feature for any new class of antimalarial drug.
Transmission Electron Microscopic Analysis of Chemically Adsorbed Monolayers by Means of Replica Technique (1992)

Chemically adsorbed (CA) monolayers have been analyzed by means of the replica technique with a plasma polymerized film for transmission electron microscopy. On CA monolayers having different pretilt angles of the chemically adsorbed molecules which were controlled by mixing two surfactants, some differences in molecular density were clearly observed. After an acetylene derivative CA monolayer was polymerized, many lines, indicating conjugated double bonds, were observed in the monolayer. These results clearly support our previous reports. The technique is very useful for characterization of extremely small and thin samples.
A member of a new Picornaviridae genus is shed in pig feces (2012)

Background: The Picornaviridae family is composed of non-enveloped viruses containing a positive single-stranded RNA genome and are responsible for several human and veterinary diseases such as Poliovirus, Enterovirus C Foot-and-mouth disease virus and Hepathitis A virus. As of 2009, the ICTV recognized twelve genera within the Picornaviridae family, namely: Aphtovirus, Avihepathovirus, Cardiovirus, Enterovirus, Erbovirus, Hepatovirus, Kobuvirus, Parechovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Teschovirus and Tremovirus. However, recent developments of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and other methods identified numerous Picornaviridae species, among which several sequences were proposed as prototype for novel genera. Recent literature proposed twelve genera to be added to the Picornaviridae: “Cosavirus”, “Klassevirus” and “Salivirus” in Human, “Orthoturdivirus” and “Paraturdivirus” in wild birds, “Mosavirus” and “Rosavirus” in wild rodents, an unnamed genus in ringed seal (SePV-1), a hepatitis inducing virus in turkey, two unnamed genera in bats and a domestic cat virus (FePV). To date, viruses that belong to five Picornaviridae genera are known to infect domestic pigs. Considering the high diversity of viruses infecting pigs and the relationships of this domestic animal with human, we investigated pig feces for the presence of RNA viruses by HTS analysis. Methods: Fecal samples (102) from healthy sows and piglets were collected in a French industrial farm. Two index cases were submitted to the HTS analysis. Feces were clarified and micro-filtered before performing the nucleic-acid extraction and the RNA purification. The sequencing was conducted on an Illumina® HiSeq-2000 sequencer with a mean depth per sample of 29.106 paired-end reads of 96 nt in 108 length (range 25-37.106). We studied the prevalence in piglets ranging from 4 to 28 weeks old. Results: We identified a viral genome encoding a 1911 aas polyprotein displaying the typical organization of picornaviruses that would represent a novel genus of Picornaviridae. We propose to name it “Pasivirus” for “Parecho sister-clade virus”, with the “Swine Pasivirus 1” (SpaV1) proposed as type species. Conclusion: By concentrating animals and restricting diversity, industrial farms may facilitate the silent circulation of pathogens such as this “Pasivirus” infecting piglets. The new generation sequencing technologies will boost the discovery and description of pathogens.
Novel Mesogenic Polymer Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display Device Exhibiting V-Shaped Electrooptic Characteristics (2001)

By using a conventional commercially available ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC), FELIX M4851/100 (Clariant Japan), which is doped with newly developed photocurable mesogenic liquid crystal monomers, 2A363 (DIC), a new FLC device exhibiting V-shaped electrooptic performance is successfully fabricated. In the fabrication process, the photocure is carried out in the smectic A phase without applying an external voltage and the mesogenic monomers may form a polymer network.
Supplementary Legends for Figures 1-7, Movies 1-6 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation (2023)

Supplementary Legends for Figures 1-7, Movies 1-6 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation
Self-Assembly of β-Lactoglobulin and Acacia Gum in Aqueous Solvent:  Structure and Phase-Ordering Kinetics (2002)

Complex coacervation in β-lactoglobulin (BLG)/acacia gum (AG) dispersions has been studied at pH 4.2 using time-resolved confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and small angle static light scattering (SALS). Two BLG/AG dispersions differing in the extent of charge neutralization were used in these experimentsBLG(1)/AG(1) and BLG(2)/AG(1) with a BLG/AG weight ratio of 1 and 2, respectively. A few seconds after mixing BLG and AG, both dispersions showed the presence of vesicular and unstable multivesicular coacervates (apparent diameters da = 1−15 μm). In BLG(1)/AG(1) dispersions, the unneutralized anionic polysaccharide was located at the surface of vesicles, providing steric and electrostatic stabilization of particles. Sedimentation of vesicles occurred gradually and led to a great number of small stable coacervates (da < 5 μm) in the focal plane after ∼30 min. In BLG(2)/AG(1) dispersions, coalescence of coacervates and rapid sedimentation of insoluble particles onto the observation slide were observed. After ∼15 min, an almost continuous layer of adsorbed coacervates was observed. Interactions between coacervates and precipitation led to the formation of rough surfaces. SALS experiments showed that the turbidity of BLG(1)/AG(1) dispersions was low and did not evolve markedly as a function of time. The scattered light intensity functions I(q) versus q displayed initially a correlation peak located at a length scale R (2π/qmax) of about 10 μm. Neither the maximum intensity Imax nor R changed significantly as a function of time. A transient increase of Imax was however observed, suggesting a delayed emergence of coacervates. BLG(2)/AG(1) dispersions were initially very turbid and unstable. The scattered light intensity functions displayed initially a correlation peak that moved to smaller wave vectors. The length scale R increased from 14 to 50 μm within 3000 s and followed the power law R ∼ tα with an α exponent value of ∼0.5, slightly larger than the 0.2−0.3 value characteristic of a purely diffusion-controlled growth of particles. During the same time interval, interfaces sharpened but remained fractal. At longer coarsening times, a new correlation peak appeared that slowly moved toward smaller q (α ∼ 0.2). Interfaces became rough or fractal. The evolution of scattering patterns during the two growth processes was compatible both with late stage spinodal decomposition and nucleation and growth. Polydispersity of biopolymers, different rates of coarsening, and existence of an interfacial length scale did not allow dynamic scaling of data.
Ku70/80 Modulates ATM and ATR Signaling Pathways in Response to DNA Double Strand Breaks (2007)

Double strand break (DSB) recognition is the first step in the DSB damage response and involves activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and phosphorylation of targets such as p53 to trigger cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. It was reported that activation of ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase by DSBs also occurs in an ATM-dependent manner. On the other hand, Ku70/80 is known to participate at a later time point in the DSB response, recruiting DNA-PKcs to facilitate non-homologous end joining. Because Ku70/80 has a high affinity for broken DNA ends and is abundant in nuclei, we examined their possible involvement in other aspects of the DSB damage response, particularly in modulating the activity of ATM and other phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-related kinases during DSB recognition. We thus analyzed p53(Ser18) phosphorylation in irradiated Ku-deficient cells and observed persistent phosphorylation in these cells relative to wild type cells. ATM or ATR inhibition revealed that this phosphorylation is mainly mediated by ATM-dependent ATR activity at 2 h post-ionizing radiation in wild type cells, whereas in Ku-deficient cells, this occurs mainly through direct ATM activity, with a secondary contribution from ATR via a novel ATM-independent mechanism. Using ATM/Ku70 double-null cell lines, which we generated, we confirmed that ATM-independent ATR activity contributed to persistent phosphorylation of p53(Ser18) in Ku-deficient cells at 12 h post-ionizing radiation. In summary, we discovered a novel role for Ku70/80 in modulating ATM-dependent ATR activation during DSB damage response and demonstrated that these proteins confer a protective effect against ATM-independent ATR activation at later stages of the DSB damage response.
Synthesis and Antiacterial Activity of Some Novel 2‐(6‐Fluorochroman‐2‐yl)‐alkyl/acyl/aroyl‐1H‐benzimidazoles. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Contention-Based Airtime Usage Control in Multirate IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs (2006)

In a multirate wireless LAN, wireless/mobile stations usually adapt their transmission rates to the channel condition. It is difficult to control each station's usage of network resources since the shared channel can be overused by low transmission-rate stations. To solve this problem, we propose a distributed control of stations' airtime usage which 1) always guarantees each station to receive a specified share of airtime, and 2) keeps service for individual stations unaffected by other stations' transmission rates. Such airtime control enables service differentiation or quality of service (QoS) support. Moreover, it can achieve a higher overall system throughput. The proposed airtime usage control exploits the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) of the IEEE 802.11e standard . Two control mechanisms are proposed: one based on controlling the station's arbitration inter-frame space (AIFS) and the other based on the contention window size. We show how the stations' airtime usage is related to the AIFS and contention window size parameters. Using this relation, two analytical models are developed to determine the optimal control parameters. Unlike the other heuristic controls or analytical models, our model provides handles or parameters for quantitative control of stations' airtime usage. Our evaluation results show that a precise airtime usage control can be achieved in a multirate wireless LAN
Hepatic collagen content and lysyl oxidase activity in rats fed a low protein-ethanol diet. (1987)

To study the effects of chronic ethanol feeding with dietary protein deficiency on hepatic fibrosis, the hepatic contents of triglyceride and collagen, and lysyl oxidase activity in the liver were measured in rats fed ethanol with or without a low protein diet for 7 weeks. In the standard-ethanol diet group, hepatic triglyceride content was increased as compared with that in the standard diet group, but hepatic collagen content was not altered. In the low protein-ethanol diet group, hepatic contents of triglyceride and collagen, especially of insoluble collagen, were increased as compared with those of the low protein diet group. Under these experimental conditions, hepatic lysyl oxidase activity was higher in the low protein-ethanol group as compared with those in other three groups, and was correlated significantly with hepatic collagen content. These data suggest that ethanol feeding with a low protein diet resulted in an increased deposition of collagen in the liver, and that hepatic lysyl oxidase activity is one of the factors responsible for collagen deposition.
Joint Time-Frequency Alignment for PAPR and OOBE Suppression of OFDM-Based Waveforms (2017)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform has been adopted by many wireless standards due to its numerous advantages. However, OFDM symbols have two critical drawbacks: high out-of-band emission (OOBE) and high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Cyclic prefix (CP) alignment is one of the promising methods that jointly suppresses the OOBE and PAPR of OFDM symbols without introducing extra receiver complexity. However, its suppression performance remains limited in practical scenarios as it only exploits the degrees of freedom (DoFs) provided by the CP part of the OFDM symbols. In this letter, we propose a novel approach which jointly exploits the time domain resources, i.e., CP, and the frequency domain resources that are not effectively used by the receiver, i.e., guard tones and the subcarriers faded by the multipath channel. Thus, the available DoFs are substantially increased and more efficiently utilized for alignment purpose. It is shown that the OOBE and PAPR suppression performance is significantly enhanced with the proposed method as compared with the original approach.
Recombinant human erythropoietin use in hemolytic anemia due to prosthetic heart valves: A promising treatment (2001)

Two patients are reported with hemolytic anemia due to red blood cell fragmentation in association with prosthetic heart vales. They were treated with erythropoietin which eliminated the need for packed red blood cell transfusion.
Lessons Learned from the Thermal Design of an Instrument (EIT, The Extreme-UV Imaging Telescope) on Board SOHO (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A global optical survey of the solar corona (&lt;span class="xref"&gt;ref 1&lt;/span&gt;) is presently accomplished by observations made with an Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT), an experiment on-board of SOHO. The thermal issue was a main concern for this sensor. The thermal behaviors of the instrument and some subsystems have been extensively analyzed and tested; these can now be compared with the real behavior in space. These analyses and tests are reported. We outline the lessons learned from this experience for the thermal design of future scientific instruments and suggest improvements in the presently used methods as well as hand calculation methods which enable to easily model some specific problems and more directly extract the physical aspects of the problem.&lt;/div&gt;
England (2020)

This chapter aims to explain the relevance of the North–South divide in England. It provides a definition of what constitutes North and South in our analysis, before moving on to examine the political dimension of the divide, focusing on electoral behaviour. England historically played a dominant role in the formation of the UK, which is reflected in the centre-periphery power relations that have underpinned the Union since its creation in 1801 and are, in many respects. Thus, from the late 1970s, economic and political events, including the election of a neo-liberal, free-market inspired Conservative government that was in power for 18 years, ushered in changes that placed in stark relief the growing gap between the North and South of England. The economic and political power of London can have distorting effects on the notion of ‘the South’, leaving areas such as Cornwall ostensibly marginalised.
Simultaneous enhancement of electron overflow reduction and hole injection promotion by tailoring the last quantum barrier in InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (2014)

A three-step graded undoped-InGaN layers embedded between the GaN last quantum barrier layer and the p-AlGaN electron blocking layer was proposed and its effect on the performance of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. In the proposed structure, the electron leakage is found to be effectively reduced, while the hole injection efficiency is simultaneously increased significantly, hence enabling a greatly enhanced radiative recombination rate within the active region. As a result, improvements of 12.25% in the optical output power and 11.98% in the external quantum efficiency are obtained from the proposed device with the respect to the reference device.
Influence of Graphene Reduction and Polymer Cross-Linking on Improving the Interfacial Properties of Multilayer Thin Films (2016)

Graphene is a versatile composite reinforcement candidate due to its strong mechanical, tunable electrical and optical properties, and chemical stability. However, one drawback is the weak interfacial bonding, which results in weak adhesion to substrates. This could be overcome by adding polymer layers to have stronger adherence to the substrate and between graphene sheets. These multilayer thin films were found to have lower resistance to lateral scratch forces when compared to other reinforcements such as polymer/clay nanocomposites. Two additional processing steps are suggested to improve the scratch resistance of these films: graphene reduction and polymer cross-linking. Graphene/polymer nanocomposites consisting of polyvinylamine (PVAm) and graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated using the layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) technique. The reduced elastic modulus and hardness of PVAm/GO films were measured using nanoindentation. Reducing GO enhances mechanical properties by 60-70% while polymer cross-linking maintains this enhancement. Both graphene reduction and polymer cross-linking show significant improvement to scratch resistance. Particularly, polymer cross-linking leads to films with higher elastic recovery, 50% lower adhesive and plowing friction coefficient, 140 and 50% higher adhesive and shear strength values, respectively, and lower material pileup and scratch width/depth.
Spin signals in Si non-local transport devices with giant spin accumulation (2017)

The electrical injection, transport and detection of spins in silicon is studied using non-local spin-transport devices with an n-type Si channel and Fe/MgO magnetic tunnel contacts. Clear spin-valve and Hanle spin signals with consistent magnitude are observed, unambiguously proving the existence of a spin accumulation in the Si channel. Importantly, the spin accumulation is very large, and increased by one to two orders of magnitude when compared to previous reports. We attribute this to the large tunnel spin polarization of the Fe/MgO contacts. Using devices with different growth procedures it is shown that the quality of the tunnel contacts and the magnitude of the non-local spin signals depend significantly on the details of the contact fabrication. The results demonstrate that a large spin accumulation can indeed be induced in Si, as is required for the development of Si spintronic devices with a large magnetic response.
Thermal resistance optimization of GaN/substrate stacks considering thermal boundary resistance and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity (2016)

Here, we investigate the effects of thermal boundary resistance (TBR) and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity on the thermal resistance of GaN/substrate stacks. A combination of parameters such as substrates {diamond, silicon carbide, silicon, and sapphire}, thermal boundary resistance {10–60 m2K/GW}, heat source lengths {10 nm–20 μm}, and power dissipation levels {1–8 W} are studied by using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) software Synopsys. Among diamond, silicon carbide, silicon, and sapphire substrates, the diamond provides the lowest thermal resistance due to its superior thermal conductivity. We report that due to non-zero thermal boundary resistance and localized heating in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors, an optimum separation between the heat source and substrate exists. For high power (i.e., 8 W) heat dissipation on high thermal conductive substrates (i.e., diamond), the optimum separation between the heat source and substrate becomes submicron thick (i.e., 500 nm), which reduces the hotspot temperature as much as 50 °C compared to conventional multi-micron thick case (i.e., 4 μm). This is attributed to the thermal conductivity drop in GaN near the heat source. Improving the TBR between GaN and diamond increases temperature reduction by our further approach. Overall, we provide thermal management design guidelines for GaN-based devices.
Saddle Hemiarthroplasty for CMC Osteoarthritis (2020)

Carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis is an exclusively human disease. It occurs because of recent modifications to basic primate hand anatomy that resulted in our modern dexterous hand. This debilitating condition is common and may cause severe pain and loss of hand function. Various surgical procedures aim at providing pain relief and restoring satisfactory function. However, the CMC joint is a challenging joint to reconstruct and the root cause of its degeneration is not well understood, resulting in the development of a wide range of surgical options. This article analyzes the basic biomechanical disorder in thumb CMC joint disease, presents a stabilized saddle CMC hemiarthroplasty as a treatment option, and describes the surgical technique.