gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ZnO Based Potentiometric and Amperometric Nanosensors (2014)

The existence of nanomaterials provides the solid platform for sensing applications due to owing of high sensitivity and a low concentration limit of detection. More likely used nanomaterials for sensing applications includes gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles such as Fe3O4, quantum dots and metal oxides etc. Recently nanomaterial and biological detection becomes an interdisciplinary field and is very much focussed by the researchers. Among metal oxides ZnO is largely considered due to its less toxic nature, biocompatible, cheap and easy to synthesis. ZnO nanomaterial is highly used for the chemical sensing, especially electrochemical sensing due to its fascinating properties such as high surface to volume ratio, atoxic, biosafe and biocompatible. Moreover, ZnO nanostructures exhibit unique features which could expose a suitable nanoenviroment for the immobilization of proteineous material such as enzymes, DNA, antibodies, etc. and in doing so it retains the biological efficiency of the immobilized bio sensitive material. The following review describes the two different coatings (i.e., ionophore and enzyme) on the surface of ZnO nanorods for the chemical sensing of zinc ion detection, thallium (I) ion detection, and L-lactic acid and the measurement of galactose molecules. ZnO nanorods provide the excellent transducing properties in the generation of strong electrical signals. Moreover, this review is very much focused on the applications of ZnO nanostructures in the sensing field.
Fault localization using time resolved photon emission and stil waveforms (2004)

Faster defect localization is achieved by combining IC simulations and internal measurements. Time resolved photon emission records photons emitted during commutations (current) rather than determining the voltage states. Comparing measured waveforms with simulations (STIL/VCD) localizes functional faults and timing issues. Summary Software diagnosis makes it possible to investigate many IC defects with fault simulation tools. Internal probing techniques, such as time resolved photon emission (TRP), can access otherwise inaccessible nodes. Hardware diagnosis can fine-tune the defect analyses and validate simulations by contributing actual measurements. The combination of software diagnosis and internal probing can reduce simulation time and internal measurements for faster localization of the defect. The challenge is to determine quickly if a measurement is good or not: Can some signal be measured (the transistor is at least activated)? Are the measured delays matching the simulation? If ATE detects a problem, the method presented in the paper saves time in locating the fault site by applying simulations to determine the duration and location of a meaningful measurement.
Model Modification of a High-Aspect-Ratio Aeroelastic Wing and Active Flutter Suppression. (2000)

This paper presents a model modification of a high-aspect-ratio aeroelastic wing and active flutter suppression. One of uncertainties in linear models of the aeroelastic wing in the transonic region is included in the unsteady aerodynamic force which is represented by a linear function. To reduce the uncertainty, the linear model of the aeroelasticwing is modified in terms of the unsteady aerodynamic force so that the flutter pressure of the linear model coincides with the one obtained by the wind tunnel test. Using the modified linear model, controllers are then designed by H∞ synthesis for the active flutter suppression. The control performance is evaluated by the wind tunnel test.
Differential effects of ethanol on glial signal transduction initiated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ (2005)

Although the pathogenic effects of alcohol abuse on brain are well established, its specific effects on the intracellular signal transduction pathways of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated how ethanol affects the glial signal transduction associated with inflammatory activation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), gangliosides, and interferon (IFN)-gamma induced the inflammatory activation of glia, which was differentially influenced by ethanol: 1) ethanol inhibited LPS- or gangliosides-induced, but not IFNgamma-induced, glial activation as demonstrated by the production of nitric oxide and the expression of inflammatory genes such as interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IP-10, and CD86; 2) nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB or JAK/STAT1 pathway was necessary for LPS- or IFNgamma-induced glial activation, respectively; 3) ethanol inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation; and 4) ethanol did not significantly affect IFNgamma-induced STAT1/IRF-1 activation. Based on these results, ethanol seems to inhibit selectively some parts of the glial signal transduction pathways that are associated with inflammatory activation, which may lead to the deregulation of CNS inflammatory responses.
Extended characterization of multispectral resolving filter-on-chip snapshot-mosaic CMOS cameras (2019)

Multispectral resolving filter-on-chip snapshot-mosaic CMOS cameras are a convenient, reliable and affordable approach for the parallel acquisition of spatial and spectral information. The combination of pixel-arranged spectral filter matrices on CMOS sensors increases their integration density and system complexity by several times compared to standard RGB cameras. Due to the system design, these cameras have an increased spectral crosstalk and specific dependencies from the angle of illumination. To ensure the comparability and reproducibility of the measured values, arrangements, methods and algorithms for the characterization are developed and applied to characterize the capabilities of these cameras. It will be shown how to characterize these cameras in accordance to the EMVA1288 standard and which methods, algorithms and additional measurement arrangements have been developed and applied to make suggestions for extending this standard concerning a possible extension of the characterization for spectral crosstalk and angle dependencies.
Metabolic Profiling of Aortic Stenosis and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Identifies Mechanistic Contrasts in Substrate Utilisation (2019)

ABSTRACT Background Aortic stenosis (AS) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are highly distinct disorders leading to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but whether cardiac metabolism substantially differs between these in humans remains to be elucidated. Method We undertook a detailed invasive (aortic root and coronary sinus) metabolic profiling in patients with severe AS and HCM in comparison to non-LVH controls, to investigate cardiac fuel selection and metabolic remodelling. These patients were assessed under different physiological states (at rest and during stress induced by pacing). The identified changes in the metabolome were further validated by metabolomic and orthogonal transcriptomic analysis, in separately recruited patient cohorts. Results We identified a highly discriminant metabolomic signature in severe AS characterised by striking accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines, intermediates of long-chain transport and fatty acid metabolism, and validated this in a separate cohort. Mechanistically, we identify a down-regulation in the PPAR-α transcriptional network, including expression of genes regulating FAO. Conclusions We present a comprehensive analysis of changes in the metabolic pathways (transcriptome to metabolome) in severe AS, and its comparison to HCM. Our results demonstrate fundamental distinctions in substrate preference between AS and HCM, highlighting insufficient long-chain FAO, and the PPAR-α signalling network as a specific metabolic therapeutic target in AS.
Continuous Equipment Simulation – Mixing Devices (2009)

No AccessMixing and Compounding of PolymersMay 2009Continuous Equipment Simulation – Mixing DevicesAlejandro Londoño-Hurtado, Juan Pablo Hernandez-Ortiz and Tim A. OsswaldAlejandro Londoño-Hurtado, Juan Pablo Hernandez-Ortiz and Tim A. Osswaldhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446433717.014SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF ShareFacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2009 Pages: 451-472Print ISBN: 978-3-446-40773-2eISBN: 978-3-446-43371-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2009 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Continuous digit recognition using coarse phonetic segmentation (2005)

This paper describes a robust speaker dependent continuous digit recognition system which runs in real time on a 16-bit micro-processor. An important design goal was the efficient use of available processing resources. The decision-making steps are ordered according to the degree of difficulty and the amount of processing required. The system uses dynamic time alignment only selectively and locally, relying on lexical constraints imposed in the form of coarse phonetic transcription and a preclassification step which does not require costly time warping in pattern matching. The system achieved 96.5% string accuracy and 99.1% digit accuracy on 540 digit strings (average length of 4 digits) collected from six speakers (4 male, 2 female).
Supplementary Video 2 from Cell Surface Delivery of TRAIL Strongly Augments the Tumoricidal Activity of T Cells (2023)

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Pneumococcal meningitis post-cochlear implantation: Potential routes of infection and pathophysiology (2010)

The laboratory data complement the existing clinical data on the risk of pneumococcal meningitis post-cochlear implantation.
Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice (2011)

The laboratory mouse is the animal species of choice for most biomedical research, in both the academic sphere and the pharmaceutical industry. Mice are a manageable size and relatively easy to house. These factors, together with the availability of a wealth of spontaneous and experimentally induced mutants, make laboratory mice ideally suited to a wide variety of research areas. In cardiovascular, pharmacological and toxicological research, accurate measurement of parameters relating to the circulatory system of laboratory animals is often required. Determination of heart rate, heart rate variability, and duration of PQ and QT intervals are based on electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. However, obtaining reliable ECG curves as well as physiological data such as core body temperature in mice can be difficult using conventional measurement techniques, which require connecting sensors and lead wires to a restrained, tethered, or even anaesthetized animal. Data obtained in this fashion must be interpreted with caution, as it is well known that restraining and anesthesia can have a major artifactual influence on physiological parameters1, 2. Radiotelemetry enables data to be collected from conscious and untethered animals. Measurements can be conducted even in freely moving animals, and without requiring the investigator to be in the proximity of the animal. Thus, known sources of artifacts are avoided, and accurate and reliable measurements are assured. This methodology also reduces interanimal variability, thus reducing the number of animals used, rendering this technology the most humane method of monitoring physiological parameters in laboratory animals3, 4. Constant advancements in data acquisition technology and implant miniaturization mean that it is now possible to record physiological parameters and locomotor activity continuously and in realtime over longer periods such as hours, days or even weeks3, 5. Here, we describe a surgical technique for implantation of a commercially available telemetry transmitter used for continuous measurements of core body temperature, locomotor activity and biopotential (i.e. onelead ECG), from which heart rate, heart rate variability, and PQ and QT intervals can be established in freeroaming, untethered mice. We also present pre-operative procedures and protocols for post-operative intensive care and pain treatment that improve recovery, well-being and survival rates in implanted mice5, 6.
The Impact of Full-Scale Leachate Recirculation on Leachate and Gas Characteristics (1995)

Data from full-scale recirculating landfills were analyzed and compared with data from pilot and laboratory-scale investigations, and found to support conclusions drawn from tests, ie, an acceleration of stabilization processes, leachate management opportunities, and enhancement of gas production can be expected during leachate recirculation. Leachate characteristics follow patterns observed in conventionally operated landfills, however degradation occurs at a faster rate. Leachate production rates are a function of landfill operations, climate, and recirculation rates. On-site storage is critical to leachate management and can dramatically reduce volume of leachate treated off-site.
Interoperable EV detection for dynamic wireless charging with existing hardware and free resonance (2016)

The implementation of wireless charging for electric vehicles (EVs) in dynamic charging applications such as on highways requires extra hardware in both the vehicle and on the ground to detect the oncoming EV and energise the appropriate ground pads. A detection scheme is proposed in this paper that utilises free resonant currents in the pad windings to detect small changes in coupling between neighbouring ground pads as the EV moves over them. The detection scheme can be made to be interoperable with all magnetic pad topologies and utilises components that already exist on most popular electronic topologies. Experimental results demonstrating the vehicle detection with a dynamic charging system operating at 3.3 kW are presented.
Kidney Cancer, Version 3.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (2022)

The NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer focus on the screening, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients with relapsed or stage IV RCC typically undergo surgery and/or receive systemic therapy. Tumor histology and risk stratification of patients is important in therapy selection. The NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer stratify treatment recommendations by histology; recommendations for first-line treatment of ccRCC are also stratified by risk group. To further guide management of advanced RCC, the NCCN Kidney Cancer Panel has categorized all systemic kidney cancer therapy regimens as "Preferred," "Other Recommended Regimens," or "Useful in Certain Circumstances." This categorization provides guidance on treatment selection by considering the efficacy, safety, evidence, and other factors that play a role in treatment selection. These factors include pre-existing comorbidities, nature of the disease, and in some cases consideration of access to agents. This article summarizes surgical and systemic therapy recommendations for patients with relapsed or stage IV RCC.
Antibacterial Agents, Nitrofurans (2000)

Abstract The nitrofurans encompass a class of synthetic antibacterials characterized by the 5‐nitro‐2‐furanyl group. Nitrofurans include furium, C 9 H 7 N 3 O 4 S; furazolidone, \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${{\rm{C}}{_{14}}{\rm{H}} _{12}{\rm{N}}{_{6}}{\rm{O}}{_{6}}{\rm{{\cdot{}}}}{\rm{HCl}}}$\end{document} ; Z ‐furan, C 7 H 6 N 2 O 4 ; furylfuramide, C 11 H 8 N 2 O 5 ; nitrovin, \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${{\rm{C}}{_{14}}{\rm{H}} _{12}{\rm{N}}{_{6}}{\rm{O}}{_{6}}{\rm{{\cdot{}}}}{\rm{HCl}}}$\end{document} ; furalazine C 9 H 7 N 5 O 3 ; acetylfuratrizine, C 11 H 9 N 5 O 4 ; panfuran‐S, C 11 H 11 N 5 O 5 ; nifuroxime, C 5 H 4 N 2 O 4 ; nitrofurazone, C 6 H 6 N 4 O 4 ; nifuraldezone, C 7 H 6 N 4 O 5 ; nihydrazone, C 7 H 7 N 3 O 4 ; nitrofurantoin, C 8 H 6 N 4 O 5 ; nifuratel, C 10 H 11 N 3 O 5 S; nitrofurathiazide, C 13 H 12 N 4 O 6 S; nifurtoinol, C 9 H 8 N 4 O 6 ; and nifurprinol, C 12 H 10 N 2 O 4 . Several nitrofurans have been marketed in the human and veterinary areas because of their broad spectrum of activity and relatively mild toxicity. Nitrofurans are generally stable, water‐insoluble crystalline solids, which decompose (darken) upon prolonged exposure to light or alkali. Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal at the concentrations achieved in the urinary tract and highly effective against the corresponding pathogens. Since its introduction for use in uncomplicated urinary tract infections, essentially no resistance development has occurred, unlike nearly all other antimicrobials. Nitrogurazone, furazolidone, and nitrofurantoin have been used therapeutically for over 30 yr with no reports of human neoplasia. Most commercial nitrofurans are derived from 5‐nitro‐2‐furancarboxaldehyde or the corresponding diacetate.
Bis(Triphenylamine)Benzodifuran Chromophores: Synthesis, Electronic Properties and Application in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2021)

A series of bis(triphenylamine)benzodifuran chromophores have been synthesized and fully characterised. Starting from suitably functionalized benzodifuran (BDF) precursors, two triphenylamine (TPA) moieties are symmetrically coupled to a central BDF unit either at 4,8-positions through double bonds (<b>1</b>) and single bonds (<b>2</b>) respectively, or at 2,6-positions through double bonds (<b>3</b>). Their electronic absorption and photoluminescence properties as well as redox behaviour have been investigated in detail, indicating that the π-extended conjugation <i>via</i> vinyl linkers in <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> leads to comparatively strong electronic interactions between the relevant redox moieties TPA and BDF. Due to intriguing electronic properties and structural planarity, <b>3a</b> has been applied as a dopant emitter in organic light-emitting diodes. A yellowish-green OLED exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.2%, thus exceeding the theoretical upper limit most likely due to energy transfer from an interface exciplex to an emissive layer and/or favorable horizontal orientation.
Cause and effect of variations in western arctic snow and sea ice cover (2005)

Cowden syndrome (CS; also known as multiple hamartoma syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple hamartomas and a high risk of development of thyroid, breast, endometrial and other cancers. The cardinal features of the disease, which often lead to diagnosis, include mucocutaneous papillomatous papules and trichilemmomas. Most affected people develop these characteristic lesions by the age of 20 years. Once diagnosed, gene identification can be offered to family members of affected patients. We report a case of the disease and briefly review the current literature.
Comparison of different control strategies for series-series compensated inductive power transmission systems (2015)

For automotive battery charging, the series-series compensated inductive power transmission shows a lot of advantages compared to other compensation techniques. As shown in many recent [1], [2] and older publications, the main advantages are the independency of the secondary current from the load at resonant frequency and the zero phase shift between primary current and voltage. As shown in [3], very high efficiencies from grid to battery of nearly 94-95% can be reached by driving the IPT-system at constant frequency and by adapting the input and the output DC-link voltages. To achieve this control method, extra DC/DC-converters need to be added inside the power transmission path. To avoid the thereby associated higher hardware and also software effort, alternative control strategies needing fewer components are of major interest. In this paper, different control strategies and modulation schemes with and without additional DC/DC-converters are presented, theoretically evaluated with a special emphasis on partial load transmission efficiency and a selection is measured in a real system. The various control strategies were compared on one single coil geometry. The aim is to find a control method which minimizes the total system costs and maximizes the system efficiency at the same time.
Predicting malware threat intelligence using KGs (2021)

Large amounts of threat intelligence information about malware attacks are available in disparate, typically unstructured, formats. Knowledge graphs can capture this information and its context using RDF triples represented by entities and relations. Sparse or inaccurate threat information, however, leads to challenges such as incomplete or erroneous triples. Generic information extraction (IE) models used to populate the knowledge graph cannot fully guarantee domain-specific context. This paper proposes a system to generate a Malware Knowledge Graph called MalKG, the first open-source automated knowledge graph for malware threat intelligence. MalKG dataset (MT40K\footnote{ Anonymous GitHub link: this https URL}) contains approximately 40,000 triples generated from 27,354 unique entities and 34 relations. For ground truth, we manually curate a knowledge graph called MT3K, with 3,027 triples generated from 5,741 unique entities and 22 relations. We demonstrate the intelligence prediction of MalKG using two use cases. Predicting malware threat information using the benchmark model achieves 80.4 for the hits@10 metric (predicts the top 10 options for an information class), and 0.75 for the MRR (mean reciprocal rank). We also propose an automated, contextual framework for information extraction, both manually and automatically, at the sentence level from 1,100 malware threat reports and from the common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVE) database.
Polarization ray tracing in anisotropic optically active media II Theory and physics (1993)

Refraction, reflection, and amplitude relations are derived that apply to polarization ray tracing in anisotropic, optically active media such as quartz. The constitutive relations for quartz are discussed. The refractive indices and polarization states associated with the two modes of propagation are derived as a function of wave direction. A procedure for refracting at any uniaxial or optically active interface is derived that computes both the ray direction and the wave direction. A method for computing the optical path length is given, and Fresnel transmission and reflection equations are derived from boundary conditions on the electromagnetic fields. These ray-tracing formulas apply to uniaxial, optically active media and therefore encompass uniaxial, non-optically active materials and isotropic, optically active materials.
Bidirectional optical transceiver integrated with an envelope detector for automatically controlling the direction of transmission (2009)

A bidirectional optical transceiver integrated with a novel transmission envelope detector for controlling the transmitting direction automatically is proposed. The transmission envelope detector detects the present of received signals to generate the directional controlling signals. Implemented in a 0.18 mum CMOS technology, the bidirectional optical transceiver occupies an area of 1.08 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and dissipates 42 mW and 49 mW in Tx and Rx modes, respectively. It achieves a 3-dB bandwidth of 4.4 GHz and 4 GHz in transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) modes, while the disabled outputs for the Tx or Rx modes are isolated with 41 dB and 68 dB, respectively, from the enabled outputs.
A dual band dual polarized bidirectional horse shoe shape antenna (2015)

This paper presents a dual band dual polarized bidirectional horse shoe shape antenna. The designed antenna has a VSWR ≤ 2 bandwidth from 0.84 to 1.15GHz and 1.3 to 2.2GHz. The radiation pattern is uniform over the entire bandwidth and has both vertical and horizontal components. The gain of the antenna is more than 3dBi for the entire band. An improved gain dual polarized antenna with reflector is also presented. It has a VSWR ≤ 2 bandwidth from 0.86 to 1.1GHz and 1.35 to 2.65GHz. The antenna with reflector has a gain of more than 6.5dBi over the entire bandwidth.