gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Range-Doppler Decoupling and Interference Mitigation using Cognitive Random Sparse Stepped Frequency Radar (2020)

Stepped frequency waveform (SFW) radars are used for synthesizing high range resolution profiles (HRRP). SFW radars suffer from strong range-Doppler coupling and are not robust to coexisting spectral interference. In this paper, we propose a new random, sparse step-frequency radar (RaSSteR) waveform to address these shortcomings. Unlike SFW where the carrier frequency is linearly increased over the available bandwidth, RaSSteR randomizes the frequency sequence to decouple range and Doppler. This new waveform also skips portions of the transmit spectrum without decreasing the range resolution and operates cognitively by focusing all its power in only a few frequencies. We derive theoretical guarantees which demonstrate that, even with few subpulses, RaSSteR has identical target recovery performance as the conventional random stepped frequency (RSF) waveform. Numerical experiments show that RaSSteR's target hit rate has a 30% improvement over the conventional RSF.
Novel spin-bowl-compatible, wet developable bottom anti-reflective coating for i-line applications (2003)

A novel spin-bowl-compatible bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) for i-line applications is presented in this study. The BARCs were prepared from a titanate sol-gel material, which exhibits excellent spin-bowl compatibility with a wide variety of solvents. A variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometer measurement on the titanate BARC gives an <b>n</b> (real refractive index) value of 1.71 and a k (imaginary refractive index) value of 0.40. The titanate BARC shows good compatibility with resist solvents and excellent photolithography performance with resolution down to 0.35 &#956;m. No metal contamination was observed with this BARC when gate oxide integrity (GOI) testing was performed on different size capacitors.
Reversal of Tau-Dependent Cognitive Decay by Blocking Adenosine A1 Receptors: Comparison of Transgenic Mouse Models with Different Levels of Tauopathy (2023)

The accumulation of tau is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with neuronal hypoactivity and presynaptic dysfunction. Oral administration of the adenosine A<sub>1</sub> receptor antagonist rolofylline (KW-3902) has previously been shown to reverse spatial memory deficits and to normalize the basic synaptic transmission in a mouse line expressing full-length pro-aggregant tau (Tau<sup>ΔK</sup>) at low levels, with late onset of disease. However, the efficacy of treatment remained to be explored for cases of more aggressive tauopathy. Using a combination of behavioral assays, imaging with several PET-tracers, and analysis of brain tissue, we compared the curative reversal of tau pathology by blocking adenosine A1 receptors in three mouse models expressing different types and levels of tau and tau mutants. We show through positron emission tomography using the tracer [<sup>18</sup>F]CPFPX (a selective A1 receptor ligand) that intravenous injection of rolofylline effectively blocks A<sub>1</sub> receptors in the brain. Moreover, when administered to Tau<sup>ΔK</sup> mice, rolofylline can reverse tau pathology and synaptic decay. The beneficial effects are also observed in a line with more aggressive tau pathology, expressing the amyloidogenic repeat domain of tau (TauRD<sup>ΔK</sup>) with higher aggregation propensity. Both models develop a progressive tau pathology with missorting, phosphorylation, accumulation of tau, loss of synapses, and cognitive decline. TauRD<sup>ΔK</sup> causes pronounced neurofibrillary tangle assembly concomitant with neuronal death, whereas Tau<sup>ΔK</sup> accumulates only to tau pretangles without overt neuronal loss. A third model tested, the rTg4510 line, has a high expression of mutant Tau<sup>P301L</sup> and hence a very aggressive phenotype starting at ~3 months of age. This line failed to reverse pathology upon rolofylline treatment, consistent with a higher accumulation of tau-specific PET tracers and inflammation. In conclusion, blocking adenosine A1 receptors by rolofylline can reverse pathology if the pathological potential of tau remains below a threshold value that depends on concentration and aggregation propensity.
A 0.9V Microcontroller for Portable Applications (1996)

This paper demonstrates an 8-bit microcontroller based upon the 68HC08 architecture [1], operated on an one-cell battery. The main features of the chip are summarized in Table 1. All circuitry preserves functionality and meets performance specifications over the entire voltage supply range as it drops from 1.6 to 0.9V. The processing technology used for the microcontroller is a modified CMOS technology featuring unilateral devices and is described elsewhere as LV-GCMOS[2]. The main device characteristics are listed in Table 2.
Structure and Diversity of the Rhesus Macaque Immunoglobulin Loci through Multiple De Novo Genome Assemblies (2017)

The rhesus macaque is a critically important animal model in biomedical research, most recently playing a key role in the development of vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus-1. Nevertheless, the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci of macaques are as yet incompletely determined and our understanding of differences between human and macaque humoral immunity remains deficient. We completed a high-coverage, high-quality whole genome sequencing and assembly project with a single rhesus macaque of Indian origin, and partial genome assemblies using genomic molecular targeting of the Ig loci in nine other rhesus macaques of Indian origin. These data indicate that the macaque Ig loci are substantially more diverse than those in humans, including greater sequence diversity and copy-number variation between individuals. It appears likely that such copy-number variation even occurs between allelic loci within individuals. Different Ig gene families in the macaque show distinct relationships to the corresponding human gene families and appear to evolve under different mechanisms. These results raise intriguing questions about the evolution of antigen receptors in primates but also have important practical implications for the design and interpretation of biomedical studies.
A Scalable 5-15Gbps, 14-75mW Low Power I/O Transceiver in 65nm CMOS (2007)

This paper presents a scalable low power I/O transceiver in 65nm CMOS capable of 5-15Gbps operation over 8" FR4 with power efficiencies between 3-5mW/Gbps. Nonlinear power-performance tradeoff is achieved by the use of scalable transceiver circuit blocks and joint optimization of the supply voltage, bias currents and driver power. Low power operation is enabled by passive equalization through inductive link termination, active continuous-time RX equalization, global TX/RX clock distribution with on-die transmission lines, and low noise offset-calibrated receivers.
Alpinia oxyphylla Miq extract ameliorates cardiac fibrosis associated with D‐galactose induced aging in rats (2018)

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiological process observed during chronic and stress-induced acceleration of cardiac aging. Fibrosis is a necessary process during wound healing and tissue repair. However, its deposition in organs would proceed to scarring and organ damage. Here Alpinate Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF), a Chinese medicine extract was used to protect aging heart from collagen accumulation. About 8 weeks old, male SD rats were randomly divided into (i) Control, (ii) D-galactose induced aging (IA), (iii) IA + AOF 50 (AOF low, AL), (iv) IA + AOF 100 (AOF medium, AM), (v) IA + AOF 150 (AOF high, AH) mg/kg/day, AOF was administered orally. After 8 weeks rats were sacrificed and hearts were collected. Results showed collagen deposition and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases-MMP-2 and -9 in D-galactose-induced aging rats. Furthermore, western blotting and immunostaining were also confirmed the upregulation of TGF-β1 mediated fibrosis in aging induced rats. However, collagen deposition and fibrosis were significantly decreased by AOF treatments (AM and AH). AOF treatments salvaged the cardiac fibrosis. Hence, AOF might be a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention of cardiac fibrosis associated with aging. The protective effects of AOF might have promising results in anti-aging treatments.
The Dopamine Assisted Synthesis of MoO3/Carbon Electrodes With Enhanced Capacitance in Aqueous Electrolyte (2022)

A capacitance increase phenomenon is observed for MoO<sub>3</sub> electrodes synthesized <i>via</i> a sol-gel process in the presence of dopamine hydrochloride (Dopa HCl) as compared to α-MoO<sub>3</sub> electrodes in 5M ZnCl<sub>2</sub> aqueous electrolyte. The synthesis approach is based on a hydrogen peroxide-initiated sol-gel reaction to which the Dopa HCl is added. The powder precursor (Dopa)<sub>x</sub>MoO<sub>y</sub>, is isolated from the metastable gel using freeze-drying. Hydrothermal treatment (HT) of the precursor results in the formation of MoO<sub>3</sub> accompanied by carbonization of the organic molecules; designated as HT-MoO<sub>3</sub>/C. HT of the precipitate formed in the absence of dopamine in the reaction produced α-MoO<sub>3</sub>, which was used as a reference material in this study (α-MoO<sub>3</sub>-ref). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show a nanobelt morphology for both HT-MoO<sub>3</sub>/C and α-MoO<sub>3</sub>-ref powders, but with distinct differences in the shape of the nanobelts. The presence of carbonaceous content in the structure of HT-MoO<sub>3</sub>/C is confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement analysis demonstrate the presence of α-MoO<sub>3</sub> and h-MoO<sub>3</sub> phases in the structure of HT-MoO<sub>3</sub>/C. The increased specific capacitance delivered by the HT-MoO<sub>3</sub>/C electrode as compared to the α-MoO<sub>3</sub>-ref electrode in 5M ZnCl<sub>2</sub> electrolyte in a -0.25-0.70 V vs. Ag/AgCl potential window triggered a more detailed study in an expanded potential window. In the 5M ZnCl<sub>2</sub> electrolyte at a scan rate of 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>, the HT-MoO<sub>3</sub>/C electrode shows a second cycle capacitance of 347.6 F g<sup>-1</sup>. The higher electrochemical performance of the HT-MoO<sub>3</sub>/C electrode can be attributed to the presence of carbon in its structure, which can facilitate electron transport. Our study provides a new route for further development of metal oxides for energy storage applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Bonding Control of Molecular Self‐Assembly: Recent Advances in Design, Synthesis, and Analysis (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Highly Site-Specific H2 Adsorption on Vicinal Sis001d Surfaces (1998)

Experimental and theoretical results for the dissociative adsorption of H 2 on vicinal Si(001) surfaces are presented. Using optical second-harmonic generation, sticking probabilities at the step sites are found to exceed those on the terraces by up to 6 orders of magnitude. Density functional theory calculations indicate the presence of direct adsorption pathways for monohydride formation but with a dramatically lowered barrier for step adsorption due to an efficient rehybridization of dangling orbitals. [S0031-9007(98)08016-8]
<title>Model-based equipment diagnosis</title> (1994)

A versatile methodology is described in which equipment models have been incorporated into a single process diagnostic system for the PECVD of silicon nitride. The diagnosis system has been developed and tested with data collected using an Applied Materials Precision 5000 single wafer reactor. The parametric equipment diagnosis system provides the basis for optimal control of multiple process responses by the classification of potential sources of equipment faults without the assistance of in-situ sensor data. The basis for the diagnosis system is the use of tuned empirical equipment models which have been developed using a physically-based experimental design. Nine individual site-specific models were used to provide an effective method of modeling the spatially-dependent process variations across the wafer with better sensitivity than mean-based models. The diagnostic system has been tested using data that was produced by adjusting the actual equipment controls to artificially simulate a variety of possible subtle equipment drifts and shifts. Statistical algorithms have been implemented which detect equipment drift, shift and variance stability faults using the difference between the predicted process responses to the off-line measured process responses. Fault classification algorithms have been developed to classify the most likely causes for the process drifts and shifts using a pattern recognition system based upon flexible discriminant analysis.
Différenciation de la réponse sérologique induite par Brucella et Yersinia O:9 en utilisant les Yersinia outer proteins (YOPs) (1994)

peer reviewed
Two fatal cases of type E adult food-borne botulism with early symptoms and terminal neurologic signs (1986)

Type E botulism, one of the least common forms of botulinal intoxication on the East Coast of the United States, is described for two elderly patients with chronic underlying disease. Both patients consumed tainted kapchunka, a salted, ungutted whitefish. Gastrointestinal symptoms and signs were prominent, but neurologic complaints, although noted soon after the consumption of the fish in one patient, did not progress until late in the course of the patient's illness. One patient exhibited both urinary retention, which was reported mainly in one outbreak of type E botulism (M.G. Koenig, A. Spickard, M.A. Cardella, and D.E. Rogers, Medicine [Baltimore] 43:517-545, 1964), and muscular fasciculations, which have been rarely reported.
Overexpressed Cavβ3 Inhibits N-type (Cav2.2) Calcium Channel Currents through a Hyperpolarizing Shift of “Ultra-slow” and “Closed-state” Inactivation (2004)

It has been shown that beta auxiliary subunits increase current amplitude in voltage-dependent calcium channels. In this study, however, we found a novel inhibitory effect of beta3 subunit on macroscopic Ba(2+) currents through recombinant N- and R-type calcium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Overexpressed beta3 (12.5 ng/cell cRNA) significantly suppressed N- and R-type, but not L-type, calcium channel currents at "physiological" holding potentials (HPs) of -60 and -80 mV. At a HP of -80 mV, coinjection of various concentrations (0-12.5 ng) of the beta3 with Ca(v)2.2alpha(1) and alpha(2)delta enhanced the maximum conductance of expressed channels at lower beta3 concentrations but at higher concentrations (>2.5 ng/cell) caused a marked inhibition. The beta3-induced current suppression was reversed at a HP of -120 mV, suggesting that the inhibition was voltage dependent. A high concentration of Ba(2+) (40 mM) as a charge carrier also largely diminished the effect of beta3 at -80 mV. Therefore, experimental conditions (HP, divalent cation concentration, and beta3 subunit concentration) approaching normal physiological conditions were critical to elucidate the full extent of this novel beta3 effect. Steady-state inactivation curves revealed that N-type channels exhibited "closed-state" inactivation without beta3, and that beta3 caused an approximately 40-mV negative shift of the inactivation, producing a second component with an inactivation midpoint of approximately -85 mV. The inactivation of N-type channels in the presence of a high concentration (12.5 ng/cell) of beta3 developed slowly and the time-dependent inactivation curve was best fit by the sum of two exponential functions with time constants of 14 s and 8.8 min at -80 mV. Similar "ultra-slow" inactivation was observed for N-type channels without beta3. Thus, beta3 can have a profound negative regulatory effect on N-type (and also R-type) calcium channels by causing a hyperpolarizing shift of the inactivation without affecting "ultra-slow" and "closed-state" inactivation properties.
Editorial on “Specificity of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Homing to Bone Marrow: A Perspective”, Cheryl Hardy (2000)

"Editorial on "Specificity of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Homing to Bone Marrow: A Perspective", Cheryl Hardy." Hematology, 5(5), pp. 389–390
Mapping electrostatic potential around a Pt nanoparticle supported on TiO2 (110) (2021)

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From nanoscale cohesion to macroscale entanglement: Opportunities for designing granular aggregate behavior by tailoring grain shape and interactions (2013)

The packing arrangement of individual particles inside a granular material and the resulting response to applied stresses depend critically on particle-particle interactions. One aspect that recently received attention are nanoscale surface features of particles, which play an important role in determining the strength of cohesive van der Waals and capillary interactions and also affect tribo-charging of grains. We describe experiments on freely falling granular streams that can detect the contributions from all three of these forces. We show that it is possible to measure the charge of individual grains and build up distributions that are detailed enough to provide stringent tests of tribo-charging models currently available. A second aspect concerns particle shape. In this case steric interactions become important and new types of aggregate behavior can be expected when non-convex particle shapes are considered that can interlock or entangle. However, a general connection between the mechanical response of a granular material and the constituents' shape remains unknown. This has made it infeasible to tackle the "inverse packing problem", namely to start from a given, desired behavior for the aggregate as a whole and then find the particle shape the produces it. We discuss a new approach, using concepts rooted in artificial evolution that provides a way to solve this inverse problem. This approach facilitates exploring the role of arbitrary particle geometry in jammed systems and invites the discovery and design of granular matter with optimized properties.
ALT-I Pump Limiter Experiments With ICRF Heating on TEXTOR (1986)

The ALT-I (Advanced Limiter Test-I) was installed on TEXTOR to benchmark the ability of a pump limiter as an efficient particle collector and to determine the physics of pump limiter operation. Experiments continue to show its capability of removing particles from the plasma edge under different operating conditions. In this paper we report first experimental results using ALT-I in conjunction with high power ICRF heating. The particle removal rate increases as the edge flux and density increase during the ICRF pulse. For a head geometry that collects flux from both electron and ion drift sides, the plasma temperature rise is asymmetric with electron temperature on the electron side increasing more than on the ion side during the ICRF pulse. When ALT-I is the major limiter, the particle fluxes on both sides increase by about the same factor and the particle flux on the ion side is always larger, by a factor of 1.5 to 2 than on the electron side during both ohmic and ICRF periods. The degradation of particle confinement inferred from Langmuir probe measurement is more than a factor of two at a maximum achieved power of 2 MW.
A computer aided detection system for cerebral microbleeds in brain MRI (2012)

Advances in MR technology have improved the potential for visualization of small lesions in brain images. This has resulted in the opportunity to detect cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), small hemorrhages in the brain that are known to be associated with risk of ischemic stroke and intracerebral bleeding. In this paper, we propose a computer aided detection (CAD) system for the detection of CMBs to speed up visual analysis. Our method consists of three steps: (i) skull-stripping (ii) initial candidate selection and (iii) reduction of false-positives (FPs) using a two layer classification. Geometrical, intensity-based and local image descriptor features were used in the classification steps. The training and test set consist of 156 subjects (448 CMBs) and 81 subjects (183 CMBs), respectively. The sensitivity for CMB detection was 91% with, on average, 4.1 false-positives per subject.
Practical Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Antagonist OPC-41061 Using the Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation (2002)

The optically active enantiomers of 7-chloro-5-hydroxy-1-[2methyl-4-(2-methylbenzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine (OPC-41061, 1) were enantioselectively synthesized.The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of the ketone (2), which is the precursor of 1, gave the corresponding secondary alcohols in good yield and excellent enantiomeric excess.
Administration route-dependent vaccine efficiency of murine dendritic cells pulsed with antigens (2001)

Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumour antigens have been successfully used to induce protective tumour immunity in murine models and human trials. However, it is still unclear which DC administration route elicits a superior therapeutic effect. Herein, we investigated the vaccine efficiency of DC2.4 cells, a murine dendritic cell line, pulsed with ovalbumin (OVA) in the murine E.G7-OVA tumour model after immunization via various routes. After a single vaccination using 1 x 10(6)OVA-pulsed DC2.4 cells, tumour was completely rejected in the intradermally (i.d.; three of four mice), subcutaneously (s.c.; three of four mice), and intraperitoneally (i.p.; one of four mice) immunized groups. Double vaccinations enhanced the anti-tumour effect in all groups except the intravenous (i.v.) group, which failed to achieve complete rejection. The anti-tumour efficacy of each immunization route was correlated with the OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity evaluated on day 7 post-vaccination. Furthermore, the accumulation of DC2.4 cells in the regional lymph nodes was detected only in the i.d.-and s.c.-injected groups. These results demonstrate that the administration route of antigen-loaded DCs affects the migration of DCs to lymphoid tissues and the magnitude of antigen-specific CTL response. Furthermore, the immunization route affects vaccine efficiency.
Polyurethane-clay nanocomposites via bulk polymerization methods (2004)

In this study, polyurethane nanocomposites of organically modified clay were synthesized by bulk-polymerization methods and their properties characterized. The polymerization methods took into account the possibility of formation of clay tethered polymer chains via reactions between isocyanate groups in the chains of prepolymer and chain extended polymers with the hydroxyl groups on organic modifier of clay. The thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant materials were evaluated as function of the method of nanocomposites preparation. As high as 110% increase in modulus and 170% increase in tensile strength were observed with only 5wt% organically treated clay particles. The method based on chain-extended polymers performed better than the method based on prepolymer.