gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of ethanol from lignocellulosics: an enzymatic venture. (2011)

The major objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on <i>Lantana camara</i> for improved yield of reducing sugar and bioethanol production. An optimum enzymatic delignification (88.79 %) was achieved after 8 h of incubation. After delignification the substrate was further treated with the mixture of carbohydratases for appropriate saccharification. The enzyme treated substrate yielded maximum reducing sugar (713.33 mg/g dry substrate) after 9 h of saccharification. Monosaccharide content in the saccharified samples were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Using conventional yeast strain, 9.63 g/L bioethanol was produced from saccharified samples of <i>Lantana camara</i>. Structural changes of <i>Lantana camara</i> before and after enzymatic pretreatment were further investigated through Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
A real-time MIMO channel sounder for vehicle-to-vehicle propagation channel at 5.9 GHz (2017)

This paper introduces a real-time multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) channel sounder to measure the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) propagation channel at 5.9 GHz. Compared to the existing V2V channel sounders, our design emphasizes on improving the stability of the setup and increasing the MIMO snapshot rate. The system stability allows us to develop a high resolution parameter extraction algorithm for the data analysis, which jointly estimates parameters of multipath components such as time-of-arrival, direction of departure, direction of arrival and Doppler shift. The second emphasis increases the maximal absolute Doppler shift to 806 Hz, which the system can estimate without ambiguity. The increased snapshot rate also provides a more fluent representation of the channel dynamics. We verify the design of the channel sounder with actual V2V channel measurements. Results suggest that 80 percent of the sample snapshots have a diffuse power ratio less than 20 percent and the extracted dominant specular paths match well with the environment and dynamics of the measurement.
Identifying Novel Adenosine Receptor Ligands by Simultaneous Proteochemometric Modeling of Rat and Human Bioactivity Data (2012)

The four subtypes of adenosine receptors form relevant drug targets in the treatment of, e.g., diabetes and Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we aimed at finding novel small molecule ligands for these receptors using virtual screening approaches based on proteochemometric (PCM) modeling. We combined bioactivity data from all human and rat receptors in order to widen available chemical space. After training and validating a proteochemometric model on this combined data set (Q(2) of 0.73, RMSE of 0.61), we virtually screened a vendor database of 100910 compounds. Of 54 compounds purchased, six novel high affinity adenosine receptor ligands were confirmed experimentally, one of which displayed an affinity of 7 nM on the human adenosine A(1) receptor. We conclude that the combination of rat and human data performs better than human data only. Furthermore, we conclude that proteochemometric modeling is an efficient method to quickly screen for novel bioactive compounds.
Differential thermal analysis of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-fatty acid mixtures (1981)

Mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with palmitic, stearic, and myristic acids and the sodium salts of these acids were analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) over a wide range of lipid compositions, all in excess water. All three fatty acids raise the liquid-crystal phase transition temperature and form sharp-melting complexes, with 1:2 DPPC--fatty acid stoichiometry observed for palmitic and stearic acids and suggested for myristic acid. Phase diagrams of the peritectic type, indicating nonideal mixing, was fitted to the DPPC--palmitic acid and DPPC--stearic acid data. In contrast, DPPC forms nearly ideal mixtures with the putative DPPC--myristic acid complex. At levels of only a few mole percent, both sodium stearate and myristate remove the pretransition and main transition and produce new peaks at approximately 30 and approximately 48 degrees C; the relative areas of the new peaks were unreproducible for the DPPC--myristate system. Sodium palmitate is the least disruptive of any of the sodium soaps or fatty acids; up to 80 mol % palmitate, the transition is lowered 3 degrees C and approximately doubled in width. The pretransition is detectable up to 36 mol %, and the main transition persists up to 88 mol % palmitate. The apparent pK of palmitic acid (12 mol %) in DPPC bilayers was determined to be 10.2 by direct pH measurement of ternary DPPC mixtures with known palmitic acid/sodium palmitate ratios; the intrinsic pK is estimated to be less than or approximately 8.5.
Enhancing Network Management Using Code Generated by Large Language Models (2023)

Analyzing network topologies and communication graphs plays a crucial role in contemporary network management. However, the absence of a cohesive approach leads to a challenging learning curve, heightened errors, and inefficiencies. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to facilitate a natural-language-based network management experience, utilizing large language models (LLMs) to generate task-specific code from natural language queries. This method tackles the challenges of explainability, scalability, and privacy by allowing network operators to inspect the generated code, eliminating the need to share network data with LLMs, and concentrating on application-specific requests combined with general program synthesis techniques. We design and evaluate a prototype system using benchmark applications, showcasing high accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and the potential for further enhancements using complementary program synthesis techniques.
Kinetics and Transformations of Diverse Dissolved Organic Matter Fractions with Sulfate Radicals (2022)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) scavenges sulfate radicals (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup>), and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup>-induced DOM transformations influence disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation when chlorination follows advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used for pollutant destruction during water and wastewater treatment. Competition kinetics experiments and transient kinetics experiments were conducted in the presence of 19 DOM fractions. Second-order reaction rate constants for DOM reactions with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup> (<i>k</i><sub>DOM,SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup></sub>) ranged from (6.38 ± 0.53) × 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> to (3.68 ± 0.34) × 10<sup>7</sup> M<sub>C</sub><sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. <i>k</i><sub>DOM,SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup></sub> correlated with specific absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA<sub>254</sub>) (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.78) or total antioxidant capacity (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.78), suggesting that DOM with more aromatics and antioxidative moieties reacted faster with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup>. SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup> exposure activated DBP precursors and increased carbonaceous DBP (C-DBP) yields (e.g., trichloromethane, chloral hydrate, and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone) in humic acid and fulvic acid DOM fractions despite the great reduction in their organic carbon, chromophores, and fluorophores. Conversely, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup>-induced reactions reduced nitrogenous DBP yields (e.g., dichloroacetonitrile and trichloronitromethane) in wastewater effluent organic matter and algal organic matter without forming more C-DBP precursors. DBP formation as a function of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup> exposure (concentration × time) provides guidance on optimization strategies for SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup>-based AOPs in realistic water matrices.
On the Decomposition of Cell Phone Activity Patterns and their Connection with Urban Ecology (2015)

The goal of this paper is to infer features of urban ecology (i.e., social and economic activities, and social interaction) from spatiotemporal cell phone activity data. We present a novel approach that consists of (i) time series decomposition of the aggregate cell phone activity per unit area using spectral methods, (ii) clustering of areal units with similar activity patterns, and (ii) external validation using a ground truth data set we collected from municipal and online sources. The key to our approach is the spectral decomposition of the original cell phone activity series into seasonal communication series (SCS) and residual communication series (RCS). The former captures regular patterns of socio-economic activity within an area and can be used to segment a city into distinct clusters. RCS across areas enables the detection of regions that are subject to mutual social influence and of regions that are in direct communication contact. The RCS and SCS thus provide distinct probes into the structure and dynamics of the urban environment, both of which can be obtained from the same underlying data. We illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology by applying it to aggregate Call Description Records (CDRs) from the city of Milan.
Simultaneous analysis of mRNA and proteins in immune cells using the BD&[trade] Single-Cell Multiplexing Kit and BD&[trade] AbSeq reagents on the BD Rhapsody&[trade] system for high-resolution interrogation of differential immune regulation (2019)

Abstract Obesity can weaken the body’s immune system and trigger chronic inflammation. To understand the root cause of this problem, we used single cell sequencing to examine thousands of immune cells isolated from primary and secondary lymphoid organs as well as adipose tissue and compared a diet-induced obesity mouse model with control mice. Cells were stained with 30 DNA-barcoded antibodies from BD™ AbSeq reagents to enable multiomic analysis, i.e. examining protein alongside mRNA expression in tandem. We also utilized DNA-barcoded universal antibodies from the BD™ Single-Cell Multiplexing Kit, which allowed us to combine 8 samples from different mice and tissue types into a single pooled sample, significantly reducing experimental scale and cost while eliminating potential batch effects. The pooled samples were loaded on the BD Rhapsody™ system to perform cell lysis and individual mRNA and cell barcoding, allowing measurement of ~400 immune-related mRNAs and 30 proteins at the single cell level. We were able to de-multiplex the pooled samples with high specificity after sequencing. The targeted mRNA and AbSeq panel provided robust clustering of immune cell types and showed that genes related to critical immune responses, including inflammation and lymphocyte activation, are differentially regulated in specific immune-cell subsets in obese mouse. Using this multiomic analysis of genes differentially regulated in immune cells from different tissues, we propose a model to explain the immuno-phenotype we observed in obese mouse. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. BD, the BD Logo, and Rhapsody are trademarks of Becton, Dickinson and Company. © 2019 BD and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium: A Future Key Player in the Nanomedical Field (2015)

Abstract Review: 48 refs.
Direct observation of lattice defects inH-Nb2O5by high resolution electron microscopy (1973)

Detailed two-dimensional lattice images, showing metal-atom positions in crystals of H-Nb2O5 quenched from the melt have been observed using a sophisticated electron microscope in both ordered and heavily disordered regions. The blocks in the structure were well ordered along the b axis, but heavily disordered in the ac plane; the sub-cell structure of ReO3 was still perfectly retained. Four kinds of planar defects, oriented parallel to low-index planes in the host structure, were revealed in the ordered region. Some of these planar defects produce non-stoichiometry. A new polymorph of Nb2O5, having the same structure as PNb9O25, was found in one of the defect structures, and several other new phases of Nb2O5 were observed in the heavily disordered region. Incoherently packed blocks and unusual-size blocks played an important role as one of possible origins of the defect planes.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li3V2(PO4)3/C-Based Composites for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2011)

To improve performance at higher rates, we developed a hydrothermal method to prepare carbon-coated monoclinic lithium vanadium phosphate (Li(3)V(2)(PO(4))(3)) powder to be used as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The structural, morphological and electrochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling. A superior cycle and rate behavior are demonstrated for Li(3)V(1.85)Sc(0.15)(PO(4))(3)/C and Li(2.96)Ca(0.02)V(2)(PO(4))(3)/C electrodes at charge-discharge current rates above 5C.
Insitu engineering of urchinlike reduced graphene oxide Mn 2O3/Mn 3O4 nanostructures for supercapacitors (2013)

10 from a three electrode set up and 133 Fg 1 at a current density of 0.2 Ag 1 and were recorded using an asymmetric two electrode set up with graphene as the anode. The composite material also showed a capacitance retention of 83% over 1000 cycles. We attribute this remarkable performance to the high specific surface area due to the urchinlike hollow structures and synergy between the manganese oxide and reduced graphene oxide materials within the composite. Furthermore, this synthesis technique can be 15
MRI of arthritis: Comparison of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide vs. Gd‐DTPA (2006)

Both USPIO and Gd-DTPA detect arthritis by positive T1-enhancement. Compared to standard Gd-DTPA, the USPIO SHU555C provides a comparable maximal T1-enhancement (at two minutes p.i for Gd-DTPA and between 43 and 123 minutes p.i. for SHU555C), but in addition it provides a prolonged T1-enhancement of synovitis and a higher difference between the relative enhancement of arthritic and normal synovium.
MAGIC: Machine-Learning-Guided Image Compression for Vision Applications in Internet of Things (2020)

The emergent ecosystems of intelligent edge devices in diverse Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, from automatic surveillance to precision agriculture, increasingly rely on recording and processing a variety of image data. Due to resource constraints, e.g., energy and communication bandwidth requirements, these applications require compressing the recorded images before transmission. For these applications, image compression commonly requires: 1) maintaining features for coarse-grain pattern recognition instead of the high-level details for human perception due to machine-to-machine communications; 2) high compression ratio that leads to improved energy and transmission efficiency; and 3) large dynamic range of compression and an easy tradeoff between compression factor and quality of reconstruction to accommodate a wide diversity of IoT applications as well as their time-varying energy/performance needs. To address these requirements, we propose, MAGIC, a novel machine learning (ML)-guided image compression framework that judiciously sacrifices the visual quality to achieve much higher compression when compared to traditional techniques, while maintaining accuracy for coarse-grained vision tasks. The central idea is to capture application-specific domain knowledge and efficiently utilize it in achieving high compression. We demonstrate that the MAGIC framework is configurable across a wide range of compression/quality and is capable of compressing beyond the standard quality factor limits of both JPEG 2000 and WebP. We perform experiments on representative IoT applications using two vision data sets and show 42.65× compression at similar accuracy with respect to the source. We highlight low variance in compression rate across images using our technique as compared to JPEG 2000 and WebP.
An improved residual-domain phase/amplitude model for sinusoidal coding of speech at very low bit rates: a variable rate scheme (1999)

An improved harmonic sinusoidal model is presented, where the underlying sine wave amplitudes and phases are efficiently represented using a combination of linear prediction, linear phase alignment, all-pass filtering, and spectral sampling in the residual-domain. The analysis and synthesis systems are introduced and the derivation and encoding of each model parameter is discussed. Performance analysis on a large database indicates effective modeling of the sinusoidal parameters. A variable-rate sinusoidal coder operating at an average bit rate of 1.75 kbps, based on the proposed model, has been developed, yielding reproduced speech of good quality, intelligibility, and naturalness. The proposed model may find applications in low bit rate speech coding in high capacity wireless communication systems.
Blue-shifted emission color and high quantum efficiency in solution-processed blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes using an intermolecular interaction suppressing host decorated with blocking groups (2018)

A high triplet energy material with the ability to suppress intermolecular interactions was synthesized as a host for blue-shifted emission color.
Transient Modeling and Parameter Estimation of Field Aligned Starting (2008)

Field aligned starting (FAS) is a new technique for starting three-phase cage induction motors on single-phase supply lines with minimal inrush currents. It uses a simple energy storage system to generate a very high impulsive torque by which the motor is started before being connected to the mains supply. The spinning motor can then be connected to the mains to operate in a standard Steinmetz connection without incurring high inrush currents, if the moment of mains connection is properly timed. This paper presents a transient model and an accompanying parameter estimation method through which the transient behavior of three-phase induction motors operated with FAS can be analyzed. The proposed model is based on instantaneous symmetrical components and is used to investigate a 3 kW motor started under various operating conditions. The proposed parameter estimation method and the developed transient model are both validated by experimental results.
Integrated Holographic Optical Pickup Head with Wide Allowance Range (1989)

We propose an integrated hybrid device based on spot-size detection method for holographic optical pickup head and discuss allowances of the misalignment with laser and photodetector. The integrated hybrid device with parallel-shaped photodetector is found to permit positional misalignment of over 200 µm.
Toada do Esquecido & Sinfonia Equestre, de Ricardo Guilherme Dicke: natureza humana e Natureza (2011)

A última obra do escritor brasileiro Ricardo Guilherme Dicke, Toada do Esquecido &amp; Sinfonia Equestre, convida-nos a refletir sobre as relações entre o ser humano, a Natureza e o Ambiente, e sobre o lugar da literatura nesta relação, em que se articulam questões ontológicas, sociais, éticas e ambientais.
A 250Mv, 0.063J/Ghash Bitcoin Mining Engine in 14nm CMOS Featuring Dual-Vcc Sha256 Datapath and 3-Phase Latch Based Clocking (2019)

A 0.15mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Bitcoin mining engine is fabricated in 14nm CMOS with highest-reported energy-efficiency of 0.063J/GHash at 250mV, 25°C. Fully-unrolled SHA256 datapath with Bitcoin-specific lookahead/deferred digest optimizations and 3-cycle distributed scheduler provide 31/56% digest/scheduler delay reductions, resulting in 10% higher energy-efficiency with dual-Vcc operation. 3-phase latch-based clocking with stretchable non-overlapping clocks eliminates all min-delay paths, reducing total sequential power consumption by 50%. Robust mining operation over a wide supply range of 230-900mV is demonstrated, with 10-760MHash/s throughput measured at 100°C.
Catalytic Reductive Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions of Alkynes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Combining anti-IL-7Rα antibodies with autoantigen-specific immunotherapy enhances non-specific cytokine production but fails to prevent Type 1 Diabetes (2019)

Autoantigen-specific methods to prevent and treat Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) carry high hopes to permanently cure this disease, but have largely failed in clinical trials. One suggested approach to increase the efficacy of islet antigen-specific vaccination is to combine it with a modulator of the T cell response, with the goal of reducing effector differentiation and promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here we asked if addition of antibodies that block the IL-7/IL-7Rα pathway altered the T cell response to islet antigen vaccination and prevented T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Anti-IL-7Rα monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reduced the numbers of islet antigen-specific T cells generated after vaccination with islet peptides and alum. However, addition of anti-IL-7Rα antibodies to peptide/alum vaccination unexpectedly increased non-specific IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 cytokine production and did not result in improved prevention of T1D onset. In a second approach, we used a conjugate vaccine to deliver islet autoantigens, using Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) as a carrier. Islet antigen-KLH vaccination led to a significant expansion of antigen-specific Tregs and delayed diabetes onset in NOD mice. These outcomes were not further improved by addition of anti-IL-7Rα antibodies. To the contrary, blocking IL-7Rα during vaccination led to non-specific cytokine production and reduced the efficacy of a KLH-conjugated vaccine to prevent T1D. Our study thus revealed that adding anti-IL-7Rα antibodies during autoantigen immunization did not improve the efficacy of such vaccinations to prevent T1D, despite altering some aspects of the T cell response in a potentially advantageous way. Further refinement of this approach will be required to separate the beneficial from the adverse effects of anti-IL-7Rα antibodies to treat autoimmune disease.
A self-organizing robotic aggregate using solid and liquid-like collective states (2023)

Designing robotic systems that can change their physical form factor as well as their compliance to adapt to environmental constraints remains a major conceptual and technical challenge. To address this, we introduce the Granulobot, a modular system that blurs the distinction between soft, modular, and swarm robotics. The system consists of gear-like units that each contain a single actuator such that units can self-assemble into larger, granular aggregates using magnetic coupling. These aggregates can reconfigure dynamically and also split up into subsystems that might later recombine. Aggregates can self-organize into collective states with solid- and liquid-like properties, thus displaying widely differing compliances. These states can be perturbed locally via actuators or externally via mechanical feedback from the environment to produce adaptive shape shifting in a decentralized manner. This in turn can generate locomotion strategies adapted to different conditions. Aggregates can move over obstacles without using external sensors or coordinate to maintain a steady gait over different surfaces without electronic communication among units. The modular design highlights a physical, morphological form of control that advances the development of resilient robotic systems with the ability to morph and adapt to different functions and conditions.