gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone-Block Iliotibial Band Reconstruction for Anterior Cruciate Insufficiency Follow-Up Note and Minimum Five-Year Follow-Up Period (1990)

Sixty-two of 71 patients (87%) who received a bone-block iliotibial band transfer were followed with a minimum follow-up period of five years (range, 5-10 years). Sixteen of the originally studied knees were examined with an average follow-up period of 104 months (range, 90-120 months). A second group of 46 knees was studied at an average follow-up period of 75 months (range, 60-92 months). Preoperatively, all patients had giving way (buckling). The average postoperative score of the original group was 83 (range, 52-99 points). There were nine excellent, three good, and four poor results. The average postoperative score of the second group was 89 (range, 73-99 points). There were 24 excellent, 18 good, and four fair results. Giving way was absent in 93% of the patients postoperatively; 88% had a negative pivot-shift test. Sixty-eight percent of the patients no longer used a brace for sports, 24% wore a brace for protection only, and 8% used it for instability. Improvement of at least one grade in the Lachman and anterior drawer tests was found in 61% and 85% of the patients, respectively. Pain was the major reason for fair and poor results. All but one had previous meniscectomy. There were no fair or poor results with menisci intact. So far, there has been no deterioration with time. The procedure remains ideal for recreational athletes who cannot afford a long absence from work and for those patients whose daily activities are compromised by recurrent knee instability.
Cell array-based intracellular localization screening reveals novel functional features of human chromosome 21 proteins (2006)

The cell array-based protein expression and detection approach is a cost-effective platform for large-scale functional analyses, including protein subcellular localization and cell phenotype screening. The results from this study reveal novel functional features of human Chr21 proteins, which should contribute to further understanding of the molecular pathology of Down's syndrome.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Transmembrane Binding Pockets and their Applications in GPCR Research and Drug Discovery: A Survey (2011)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) share a common architecture consisting of seven transmembrane (TM) domains. Various lines of evidence suggest that this fold provides a generic binding pocket within the TM region for hosting agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators. Hence, an automated method was developed that allows a fast analysis and comparison of these generic ligand binding pockets across the entire GPCR family by providing the relevant information for all GPCRs in the same format. This methodology compiles amino acids lining the TM binding pocket including parts of the ECL2 loop in a so-called 1D ligand binding pocket vector and translates these 1D vectors in a second step into 3D receptor pharmacophore models. It aims to support various aspects of GPCR drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry. Applications of pharmacophore similarity analysis of these 1D LPVs include definition of receptor subfamilies, prediction of species differences within subfamilies in regard to in vitro pharmacology and identification of nearest neighbors for GPCRs of interest to generate starting points for GPCR lead identification programs. These aspects of GPCR research are exemplified in the field of melanopsins, trace amine-associated receptors and somatostatin receptor subtype 5. In addition, it is demonstrated how 3D pharmacophore models of the LPVs can support the prediction of amino acids involved in ligand recognition, the understanding of mutational data in a 3D context and the elucidation of binding modes for GPCR ligands and their evaluation. Furthermore, guidance through 3D receptor pharmacophore modeling for the synthesis of subtype-specific GPCR ligands will be reported. Illustrative examples are taken from the GPCR family class C, metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 and sweet taste receptors, and from the GPCR class A, e.g. nicotinic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine 5A receptor.
β3‐adrenoceptors and intestinal motility (1995)

Early substantial evidence of the low susceptibility to beta-adrenoceptor antagonists of non alpha-adrenergic responses reducing gut motility and tone was reluctantly accepted as indicating a third beta-receptor subtype different from the beta 1 and beta 2. This applied likewise to lipolysis until new selective "lipolytic" beta-agonists poorly effective at established beta-receptors were introduced. Shortly afterwards these "lipolytic" as well as certain newer and even more selective beta-adrenoceptor agonists were shown to be potent inhibitors of intestinal motility. The latter are the "gut-specific" phenylethanolaminotetralins whose availability as pure isomers attested to the stringent stereochemical requirements for selectivity at non-beta 1, non-beta 2 beta-adrenoceptors. Acceptance of the functionally based concept of a beta 3-adrenoceptor was boosted on structural grounds by molecular biology studies. Sequence analysis indicated the existence in humans and rodents of genes coding for a third subtype of beta-receptor that, when expressed in transfected heterologous cells, had a pharmacological profile distinct from the previously established subtypes. Finally, aryloxypropanolaminotetralins have been prepared as the first selective antagonists of beta 3-adrenoceptors, thus providing unambiguous conclusive evidence of the distinctive functional features of those abundant in the rat colon. The therapeutic potential in gastroenterology of the newer compounds targetable on the beta 3-adrenoceptor is suggested by their potent intestinal action in vivo in animal models without any of the cardiovascular or other unwanted effects of conventional beta-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists, and by the clinically confirmed importance of beta-adrenergic control of motor function throughout the alimentary canal. However, open questions include the incidence of species-related differences in beta 3-adrenoceptors, and as yet there are no data on gastrointestinal functions in humans under the influence of drugs designed to act selectively at these receptors.
Prevalence of Influenza A viruses in wild migratory birds in Alaska: Patterns of variation in detection at a crossroads of intercontinental flyways (2008)

The prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds depends on biological, temporal, and geographical factors, as well as testing methods. Future studies should control for, or sample across, these sources of variation to allow direct comparison of prevalence rates.
SDM transmission of real-time 10GbE traffic using commercial SFP + transceivers over 05km elliptical-core few-mode fiber (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate the first few-mode space division multiplexed (SDM) transmission of real-time 10Gb/s Ethernet (10GbE) traffic using commercial small form-factor pluggable SFP + transceivers without coherent detection or multiple input multiple output digital signal processing (MIMO-DSP) over 0.5km elliptical-core few-mode-fiber, achieving <-26dB crosstalk between LP(11e) and LP(11o) modes at 1.3μm.
Mast Cells: A Pivotal Role in Pulmonary Fibrosis (2013)

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by an inflammatory response that includes macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether mast cells play a role in initiating pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced with bleomycin in mast-cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/W(v) (MCD) mice and their congenic controls (WBB6F1-(+)/(+)). Mast cell deficiency protected against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but protection was reversed with the re-introduction of mast cells to the lungs of MCD mice. Two mast cell mediators were identified as fibrogenic: histamine and renin, via angiotensin (ANG II). Both human and rat lung fibroblasts express the histamine H1 and ANG II AT1 receptor subtypes and when activated, they promote proliferation, transforming growth factor β1 secretion, and collagen synthesis. Mast cells appear to be critical to pulmonary fibrosis. Therapeutic blockade of mast cell degranulation and/or histamine and ANG II receptors should attenuate pulmonary fibrosis.
Single-Chain Antibody-Based Immunotoxins Targeting Her2/neu: Design Optimization and Impact of Affinity on Antitumor Efficacy and Off-Target Toxicity (2011)

Recombinant immunotoxins, consisting of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) genetically fused to polypeptide toxins, represent potentially effective candidates for cancer therapeutics. We evaluated the affinity of various anti-Her2/neu scFv fused to recombinant gelonin (rGel) and its effect on antitumor efficacy and off-target toxicity. A series of rGel-based immunotoxins were created from the human anti-Her2/neu scFv C6.5 and various affinity mutants (designated ML3-9, MH3-B1, and B1D3) with affinities ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-11) mol/L. Against Her2/neu-overexpressing tumor cells, immunotoxins with increasing affinity displayed improved internalization and enhanced autophagic cytotoxicity. Targeting indices were highest for the highest affinity B1D3/rGel construct. However, the addition of free Her2/neu extracellular domain (ECD) significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of B1D3/rGel because of immune complex formation. In contrast, ECD addition had little impact on the lower affinity constructs in vitro. In vivo studies against established BT474 M1 xenografts showed growth suppression by all immunotoxins. Surprisingly, therapy with the B1D3-rGel induced significant liver toxicity because of immune complex formation with shed Her2/neu antigen in circulation. The MH3-B1/rGel construct with intermediate affinity showed effective tumor growth inhibition without inducing hepatotoxicity or complex formation. These findings show that while high-affinity constructs can be potent antitumor agents, they may also be associated with mistargeting through the facile formation of complexes with soluble antigen leading to significant off-target toxicity. Constructs composed of intermediate-affinity antibodies are also potent agents that are more resistant to immune complex formation. Therefore, affinity is an exceptionally important consideration when evaluating the design and efficacy of targeted therapeutics.
Pushing Network Programmability to the limits with SRv6 uSIDs and P4 (2020)

P4 is a domain-specific programming language for expressing how packets are processed by network devices. P4 is used to program P4-enabled devices with a custom forwarding pipeline. SRv6 is a network architecture that encodes a list of instructions in the IPv6 packet header to define a network-wide packet processing program. Each instruction defines a node to process the packet and the behavior to be applied to that packet by that node. Recently, the SRv6 architecture has been extended to support a set of new instructions, known as uSID instructions, that provide a better scalability and MTU efficiency. In this demo paper, we provide a P4 forwarding pipeline that supports the SRv6 uSID instructions. Our implementation leverages the P4 BMV2 behavioral model and extends the ONOS controller to support the new SRv6 behaviors. Finally, we show two scenarios where we use our implementation to provide a fully programmable network fabric.
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein E Binds Vitronectin and Is Important for Serum Resistance (2009)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) commonly causes local disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract and has recently been shown to interfere with both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation. The terminal pathway of the complement system is regulated by vitronectin that is a component of both plasma and the extracellular matrix. In this study, we identify protein E (PE; 16 kDa), which is a recently characterized ubiquitous outer membrane protein, as a vitronectin-binding protein of NTHi. A PE-deficient NTHi mutant had a markedly reduced survival in serum compared with the PE-expressing isogenic NTHi wild type. Moreover, the PE-deficient mutant showed a significantly decreased binding to both soluble and immobilized vitronectin. In parallel, PE-expressing Escherichia coli bound soluble vitronectin and adhered to immobilized vitronectin compared with controls. Surface plasmon resonance technology revealed a K(D) of 0.4 microM for the interaction between recombinant PE and immobilized vitronectin. Moreover, the PE-dependent vitronectin-binding site was located at the heparin-binding domains of vitronectin and the major vitronectin-binding domain was found in the central core of PE (aa 84-108). Importantly, vitronectin bound to the surface of NTHi 3655 reduced membrane attack complex-induced hemolysis. In contrast to incubation with normal human serum, NTHi 3655 showed a reduced survival in vitronectin-depleted human serum, thus demonstrating that vitronectin mediates a protective role at the bacterial surface. Our findings show that PE, by binding vitronectin, may play an important role in NTHi pathogenesis.
The Effect of Prior Microstructure on the Hardness and Residual Stress Distribution in Induction Hardened Steels (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Bars of 4140, 1045 and W1 steels have been induction hardened using two different cycles. Prior to hardening, the bars were annealed, developing three different starting microstructures. The microstructures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness distribution has been measured, and the surface residual stresses have been determined using x-ray diffraction. The results are discussed in the context of the superhardness phenomenon.&lt;/div&gt;
PDK1 Inhibitor BX795 Improves Cisplatin and Radio-Efficacy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Downregulating the PDK1/CD47/Akt-Mediated Glycolysis Signaling Pathway (2021)

<b>Background</b>: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a high prevalence and predicted global mortality rate of 67.1%, necessitating better therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the recurrence and resistance of OSCC after chemo/radioresistance remains a major bottleneck for its effective treatment. Molecular targeting is one of the new therapeutic approaches to target cancer. Among a plethora of targetable signaling molecules, PDK1 is currently rising as a potential target for cancer therapy. Its aberrant expression in many malignancies is observed associated with glycolytic re-programming and chemo/radioresistance. <b>Methods</b>: Furthermore, to better understand the role of PDK1 in OSCC, we analyzed tissue samples from 62 patients with OSCC for PDK1 expression. Combining in silico and in vitro analysis approaches, we determined the important association between PDK1/CD47/LDHA expression in OSCC. Next, we analyzed the effect of PDK1 expression and its connection with OSCC orosphere generation and maintenance, as well as the effect of the combination of the PDK1 inhibitor BX795, cisplatin and radiotherapy in targeting it. <b>Results</b>: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that higher PDK1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in OSCC. The immunoprecipitation assay indicated PDK1/CD47 binding. PDK1 ligation significantly impaired OSCC orosphere formation and downregulated Sox2, Oct4, and CD133 expression. The combination of BX795 and cisplatin markedly reduced in OSCC cell's epithelial-mesenchymal transition, implying its synergistic effect. p-PDK1, CD47, Akt, PFKP, PDK3 and LDHA protein expression were significantly reduced, with the strongest inhibition in the combination group. Chemo/radiotherapy together with abrogation of PDK1 inhibits the oncogenic (Akt/CD47) and glycolytic (LDHA/PFKP/PDK3) signaling and, enhanced or sensitizes OSCC to the anticancer drug effect through inducing apoptosis and DNA damage together with metabolic reprogramming. <b>Conclusions</b>: Therefore, the results from our current study may serve as a basis for developing new therapeutic strategies against chemo/radioresistant OSCC.
Blake defended (1993)

William Blake (December, Letters p17) was not only a visionary but was also a printer and revolutionary who supported the French and American Revolutions and their associated enlightenment. He was not anti-scientific: he counted amongst his associates, Joseph Priestley, and his view of religion was far more human and rational than Newton's mechanical view.
Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media (2004)

In this paper, we present a study comparing the recording performance of perpendicular and longitudinal media. In particular the synchronization requirements of the two cases are compared. A model, which includes media properties, such as easy-axis orientation, switching field distribution (SFD), and head properties, such as head field gradient, is able to reproduce the observed result.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide–Based Method for Quantifying Recruitment of Monocytes to Mouse Atherosclerotic Lesions In Vivo (2003)

SPIO allows detection of iron-laden macrophages in the aortic subendothelium of apo E-deficient mice under basal conditions and monitoring of monocyte recruitment after cytokine injection.
The Biological Activity of Monarda didyma L. Essential Oil and Its Effect as a Diet Supplement in Mice and Broiler Chicken (2021)

The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in livestock faces increasing scrutiny and opposition due to concerns about the increased occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Alternative solutions are being sought, and plants of Lamiaceae may provide an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in animal nutrition. In this study, we extracted essential oil from <i>Monarda didyma</i>, a member of the Lamiaceae family. We examined the chemical composition of the essential oil and then evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of <i>M. didyma</i> essential oil and its main compounds <i>in vitro</i>. We then evaluated the effectiveness of <i>M. didyma</i> essential oil in regard to growth performance, feed efficiency, and mortality in both mice and broilers. Carvacrol (49.03%) was the dominant compound in the essential oil extracts. <i>M. didyma</i> essential oil demonstrated antibacterial properties against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (MIC = 87 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MIC = 47 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>), and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (MIC = 35 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>). Supplementing the diet of mice with essential oil at a concentration of 0.1% significantly increased body weight (+5.4%) and feed efficiency (+18.85%). In broilers, <i>M. didyma</i> essential oil significantly improved body weight gain (2.64%). Our results suggest that adding <i>M. didyma</i> essential oil to the diet of broilers offers a potential substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.
Candidate psychiatric illness genes identified in patients with pericentric inversions of chromosome 18 (2005)

Both the long and short arms of chromosome 18 have been consistently identified as potential locations for schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder susceptibility genes. We previously described the identification of two independent pericentric inversions of chromosome 18 [inv(18)(p11.31;q21.2) and inv(18)(p11.31;q21.1)] occurring in two small families in which carriers have been diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder, respectively. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization on patient metaphase chromosomes we have identified the locations of all four chromosome breakpoints in the inversion carriers. Neither pericentric inversion results in a direct gene disruption. However, each inversion breakpoint has the potential to perturb local gene expression by position effect or by the separation of important regulatory (enhancer) sequences from the core gene sequences. Five genes in the localities of the breakpoints have been identified as good candidates for the genetic basis of psychiatric illness in these families; TTMA, a novel membrane spanning protein; TCF4, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor; DLGAP1, an interactor of the PSD-95 synaptic protein; and ARKL1 and ARKL2, novel members of the ubiquitin ligase gene family.
Un espace de caractérisation pour l’édition de courbes à trois dimensions (2014)

National audience
An activator of protein kinase C (phorbol dibutyrate) attenuates atrial-natriuretic-factor-stimulated cyclic GMP accumulation in smooth-muscle cells (1987)

Rat thoracic aortic smooth-muscle cells (A-10; A.T.C.C. CRL 1476) displays a high density of vasopressin and atrial-natriuretic-factor (ANF) receptors and a low density of beta-adrenergic receptors. ANF stimulates cGMP (cyclic GMP) accumulation in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Pretreatment of these cells with phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu), a known activator of protein kinase C, attenuated ANF-stimulated cGMP accumulation without affecting basal cGMP concentrations. This effect was concentration-dependent and was observed as early as 2 min after treatment. 4 alpha-Phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (alpha PDD), which does not activate protein kinase C, did not inhibit the cGMP accumulation. PDBu pretreatment did not affect the density and affinity of ANF receptors. These data suggest that PDBu, presumably via activation of protein kinase C, might stimulate phosphorylation of a key regulatory protein in the ANF/cGMP pathway.
Regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression in trans by phorbol esters (1989)

Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cell cultures treated with phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate have been shown to down-regulate their steady state levels of microseconds RNA while the microns RNA remained constant. In contrast, the steady state levels of delta RNA was up-regulated by the same treatment. By using mice transgenic for a rearranged mu or delta gene, it could be shown that the down-regulatory effect acts in trans on a defined DNA stretch and is independent of isotype. Thus, the positive effect on endogenous delta RNA steady-state levels must be regulated at the level of RNA processing. In addition, a DNA construct containing 1.5 kb of a kappa promoter 5' of, and an IgH enhancer 3' of, a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene could be down-regulated in trans by anti-mu- or phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate treatment, showing that transcriptional control of Ig promoter elements can readily be observed in non-transformed B lymphocytes.
SystematicA75sNMR study of the dependence of low-lying excitations on F doping in the iron oxypnictideLaFeAsO1−xFx (2009)

We report $^{75}\text{A}\text{s}$ NMR studies on $\text{LaFeAs}({\text{O}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{F}}_{x})$ $(0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.14)$. At $x=0.04$ near the phase boundary, from resistivity, spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/{T}_{1}$, and NMR spectrum measurements, we found weak magnetic order at ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\simeq}30\text{ }\text{K}$. Antiferromagnetic (AFM) fluctuations proved through $1/{T}_{1}$ are suppressed significantly with F doping, and pseudogap behavior without pronounced AFM fluctuations is observed at $x=0.11$ where ${T}_{C}$ is maximum. This significant suppression of $1/{T}_{1}T$ upon F doping while ${T}_{C}$ remains nearly unchanged suggests that low-energy AFM fluctuations probed with $^{75}\text{A}\text{s}$ NMR do not play a crucial role in the superconductivity.