gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supported Ru catalysts prepared by two sonication-assisted methods for preferential oxidation of CO in H2 (2011)

The preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in the presence of H(2) is an important step in the production of pure H(2) for industrial applications. In this report, two sonochemical methods (S1 and S2) were used to prepare highly dispersed Ru catalysts supported on mesoporous TiO(2) (TiO(2)(MSP)) for the PROX reaction, in which a reaction gas mixture containing 1% CO + 1% O(2) + 18% CO(2) + 78% H(2) was used. The supported Ru catalysts performed better than the supported Au and Pt catalysts, and the S1 and S2 methods are superior to the impregnation method. The Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalysts were active for the PROX reaction below 200 °C and good for the methanation reactions of CO and CO(2) above 200 °C. The presence of residual chlorine in the catalysts severely suppressed their PROX reaction activity, and a higher dispersion of Ru particles led to better catalytic performances. The addition of Au in the Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalyst also caused a poorer catalytic activity for both the PROX and the methanation reactions. TPR results showed that in the active catalysts prepared by the S1 and S2 methods, the well dispersed Ru particles, after calcination in air, had a stronger interaction with the support than those in the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method and in the Au-Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalyst. In situ CO absorption experiments performed with the diffusion reflectance Fourier transform infra red (DRIFT) method showed that the bridged adsorbed CO species on isolated Ru(0) sites correlated with the catalytic performances, indicating that these isolated Ru(0) sites are the most active sites of the Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalysts in the PROX reaction.
Temperature Dependence of Current-Induced Magnetization Switching in Spin Valves with a Ferrimagnetic CoGd Free Layer (2006)

The temperature dependence of current-induced magnetization switching of ferrimagnetic CoGd free layers in spin valves is explored. At temperatures well above and well below the magnetization compensation temperature (T(MC)) of CoGd, a current flowing from the free layer to the CoFe fixed layer aligns the moments of the two layers parallel, and a current flowing in the opposite direction aligns them antiparallel. However, for intermediate temperatures just above T(MC), the current-induced alignment of the moments is reversed. We attribute this effect to the different compensation temperatures of the net magnetization and angular momentum of CoGd.
Organic disulfides and related substances. 45. Synthesis and properties of some disulfide sulfinate salts containing no nitrogen (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic disulfides and related substances. 45. Synthesis and properties of some disulfide sulfinate salts containing no nitrogenPramod K. Srivastava and Lamar FieldCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1986, 31, 2, 252–254Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00044a034https://doi.org/10.1021/je00044a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of transmission methods for ultra-reliable communications (2015)

Fifth generation of cellular systems is expected to widely enable machine-type communications (MTC). The envisioned applications and services for MTC have diverse requirements which are not fully supported with current wireless systems. Ultra-reliable communications (URC) with low-latency is an essential feature for mission-critical applications, such as industrial automation, public safety, and vehicular safety applications. This feature guarantees a communication service with a high level of reliability. This paper investigates the feasibility and efficiency of URC over wireless links. It also analyzes the effectiveness of different transmission methods, including spatial diversity and support of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). Finally, the importance of reliable feedback information is highlighted.
A New Series of Highly Potent Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptides Derived from Ipamorelin (1998)

A new series of GH secretagogues derived from ipamorelin is described. In an attempt to obtain oral bioavailability, by reducing the size and the number of potential hydrogen-bonding sites of the compounds, a strategy using the peptidomimetic fragment 3-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid and sequential backbone N-methylations was applied. Several compounds from this series release GH with high in vitro potency and efficacy in a rat pituitary cell assay and high in vivo potency and efficacy in anesthetized rats. The tetrapeptide NNC 26-0235 (3-(aminomethyl)benzoyl-D-2Nal-N-Me-D-Phe-Lys-NH2) shows, following iv administration, comparable in vivo potency to ipamorelin, GHRP-2, and GHRP-6 with an ED50 in swine at 2 nmol/kg. NNC 26-0235 demonstrated a 10% oral bioavailability in dogs, and NNC 26-0235 and ipamorelin were able to increase basal GH level by more than 10-fold after oral administration of a dose of 1.8 and 2.7 mg/kg, respectively. The tripeptide NNC 26-0323 (3-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid-N-Me-D-2Nal-N-Me-D-Phe-ol) which showed moderate in vitro potency but lacked in vivo potency demonstrated a 20% oral bioavailability in rats.
State learning and mixing in entropy of hidden Markov processes and the Gilbert-Elliott channel (1999)

Hidden Markov processes such as the Gilbert-Elliott (1960) channel have an infinite dependency structure. Therefore, entropy and channel capacity calculations require knowledge of the infinite past. In practice, such calculations are often approximated with a finite past. It is commonly assumed that the approximations require an unbounded amount of the past as the memory in the underlying Markov chain increases. We show that this is not necessarily true. We derive an exponentially decreasing upper bound on the accuracy of the finite-past approximation that is much tighter than existing upper hounds when the Markov chain mixes well. We also derive an exponentially decreasing upper bound that applies when the Markov chain does not mix at all. Our methods are demonstrated on the Gilbert-Elliott channel, where we prove that a prescribed finite-past accuracy is quickly reached, independently of the Markovian memory. We conclude that the past can be used either to learn the channel state when the memory is high, or wait until the states mix when the memory is low. Implications fur computing and achieving capacity on the Gilbert-Elliott channel are discussed.
Drug Release from Three‐Dimensional Cubic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Controlled by Nanoimpellers (2014)

Abstract Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a cubic ( Ia 3 d ) pore structure are derivatized with light‐activated nanoimpellers to control the release of loaded guest molecules under external photo‐control. The nanoimpellers consist of azobenzene derivatives that are attached to the interiors of the three‐dimensional interconnected pores, and undergo photoisomerization that results in dynamic wagging motions of the unbound termini and drives the expulsion of molecules from the pores. Stimulated release experiments monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrate that the nanoimpeller‐functionalized MCM‐48 particles are able to trap and release both hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargo molecules under external photocontrol in aqueous, non‐aqueous, and intracellular environments.
The 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase of Glyphosate-tolerant Soybean Expressed in Escherichia coli Shows No Severe Allergenicity (2003)

The recombinant gene was amplified from the chromosomal DNA of genetically-modified (GM) soybeans and identified as epsps encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which renders glyphosate resistance. The epsps structural gene was introduced in the pET28(a) plasmid for its expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). It was confirmed that the maximal productivity of the EPSPS protein was achieved when cultivating the recombinant strain in a LB broth for 2 h after supplementing 1 mM isopropylbeta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) in a 2 h-culture broth. Since the expressed EPSPS protein was found as an insoluble form in the inclusion body, it was extracted by 6 M urea after sonication, and then purified through immobilized nickel-affinity column chromatography to isolate EPSPS having a molecular mass of 57 kDa. When incubated in simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin at pH 1.5, the purified EPSPS protein was completely digested within 1 min. In addition, the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction of the purified EPSPS protein was not observed in the Sprague Dawley rat system that was administered either orally or subcutaneously. Furthermore, treatment of the EPSPS protein to the culture of the sensitized peritoneal mast cells, or unsensitized but antisera-labeled mast cells, showed neither a remarkable change in the histamine release nor a cytokine production, including interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Thus, it can be concluded that the EPSPS protein in the GM soybean showed no significant allergenicity in the Sprague Dawley rats.
Ultraviolet integrated photonics (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Quantum information processing relies on the fundamental property of quantum interference, where the quality of the interference directly correlates to the indistinguishability of the interacting particles. The creation of these indistinguishable particles, photons in this case, has conventionally been accomplished with nonlinear crystals and optical filters to remove spectral distinguishability, albeit sacrificing the number of photons. This research describes the use of an integrated aluminum nitride microring resonator circuit to selectively generate photon pairs at the narrow cavity transmissions, thereby producing spectrally indistinguishable photons in the ultraviolet regime to interact with trapped ion quantum memories. The spectral characteristics of these photons must be carefully controlled for two reasons: (i) interference quality depends on the spectral indistinguishability, and (ii) the wavelength must be strictly controlled to interact with atomic transitions. The specific ion of interest for these trapped ion quantum memories is Ytterbium which has a transition at 369.5 nm with 12.5 GHz offset levels. Ytterbium ions serve as very long lived and stable quantum memories with storage times on the order of 10’s of minutes, compared with photonic quantum memories which are limited to 10-6 to 10-3 seconds. The combination of the long lived atomic memory, integrated photonic circuitry, and the photonic quantum bits are necessary to produce the first quantum information processors. In this article, I will present results on wavelength operation, dispersion analysis, and second harmonic generation in aluminum nitride waveguides.
Observation of the three-dimensional distribution of flux pinning centers in Dy-doped YBa2Cu3O7−x coated conductors (2008)

The spatial distribution of flux pinning centers (such as defects, secondary phases, etc.) has a critical effect on the superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) coated conductors. To increase the flux pinning in coated conductors, impurities such as Dy can be intentionally added during processing to induce the formation of distributed insulating nanostructures. In this work, we show that the addition of Dy to a particular YBCO coated conductor gives rise to a high density of secondary nanoparticles of composition (YsDy1−s)2Cu2O5 with s∼0.6. Using high-angle annular dark-field tomographic methods, the three-dimensional distribution of these insulating nanoparticles is determined. The size of the nanoparticles and the uniformity of their distribution are found to depend on their interaction with the grain boundary network within the YBCO layer. A bimodal distribution in the size of the particles is seen, where areas away from grain boundaries have a favorable uniform distribution of small particles (∼25 nm) while unfavorable isolated large particles 100–140 nm are seen to intersect the grain boundaries. A grain boundary diffusion model is proposed to account for the agglomeration of the small nanoparticles to form the large ones to the detriment of flux pinning within these local regions of the superconductor.
Functionalized Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers as Novel Phase Transfer Catalysts in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2000)

Perfluoro-functionalized poly(propylene imine) dendrimers have been used as reactive extractants for anionic species and as phase transfer catalysts for two types of reactions. Different generations of dendrimers have been used for applications in carbon dioxide. First, the reactive extraction of the inorganic ions permanganate and dichromate, from an aqueous phase to a supercritical carbon dioxide phase, has been studied using the functionalized dendrimers. The yield for these extractions is rather low, indicating that the perfluoro-functionalized poly(propylene imine) dendrimers are not suited for oxidation reactions with these ions in carbon dioxide. Second, the poly(propylene imine) dendrimers have been used as a phase transfer catalyst for the halogen exchange reaction of benzyl chloride into benzyl bromide and for the esterification of oxalic acid with pentafluorobenzylbromide. In contrast with the low extraction yield for the inorganic permanganate and dichromate ions, a high reaction rate was obtained for the halogen exchange reaction with the functionalized dendrimers as phase transfer catalysts. It is found that the rate of reaction for both cases depends on the generation number of the dendrimer. For the higher-generation dendrimers, it is more difficult for the substrate to migrate from the bulk carbon dioxide phase to the interior of the dendrimer. This indicates that the mass transfer of the reagents from the organic phase into the interior of the dendrimer determines the reaction rate for the fourth and higher generation dendrimers. A model is proposed to describe the extraction and the phase transfer catalysis based on the fact that the modified dendrimers combine micellar properties with those of standard phase transfer catalysts. From the different experiments it can be concluded that the perfluoro-functionalized poly(propylene imine) dendrimers have great potential as multisite phase transfer catalysts.
Multi-site and multi-depth in vivo cancer localization enhancement after autofluorescence removal (2011)

Fluorescence imaging in diffusive media locates tumors tagged by injected fluorescent markers in NIR wave-lengths. For deep embedded markers, natural autofluorescence of tissues comes to be a limiting factor to tumor detection and accurate FDOT reconstructions. A spectroscopic approach coupled with Non-negative Matrix Factorization source separation method is explored to discriminate fluorescence sources according to their fluorescence spectra and remove unwanted autofluorescence. We successfully removed autofluorescence from acquisitions on living mice with a single subcutaneous tumor or two capillary tubes inserted at different depths.
Economic Markets as a Means of Open Mobile-Agent Systems (1999)

Mobile-agent systems have gained popularity in use because they ease the application design process by giving software engineers greater exibilit y. Although the value of any network is dependent on both the number of users and the number of sites participating in the network, there is little motivation for systems to donate resources to arbitrary agents. We propose to remedy the problem by imposing an economic market on mobile-agent systems where agents purchase resources from host sites and sell services to users and other agents. Host sites accumulate revenues, which are distributed to users to be used to launch more agents. We argue for the use of markets to regulate mobile-agent systems and discuss open issues in implementing market-based mobile-agent systems.
Scintillation Characterization of Doped Cesium Hafnium Chloride(Conference Presentation) (2016)

The scintillators currently providing the best energy resolution lower than 2.6% at 662 keV and sizes larger than 1 in. dia. 1 in. height are LaBr3(Ce) and SrI2(Eu). Despite energy resolution and decay time performance of LaBr3(Ce), the intrinsic radioactivity, due to naturally occurring 138La isotope in the matrix is a limitation for low count rate applications such as radioisotope identification of weak sources. Cesium Hafnium Chloride (CHC) is a high effective atomic number (Zeff=58) moderate density (3.86 g/cm3) scintillator for gamma spectroscopy, offering a cubic crystal structure, no intrinsic radioactivity, and highly proportional light yield, without intentional doping. CHC boasts a cubic crystal structure that is isostructural to K2HfCl6 and analogous to calcium fluoride with cesium ions in the fluorine ion position and the [HfCl6]2- octahedral replacing calcium ions. The scintillation of CHC is centered at 400 nm, with a principal decay time of 4.37 s, a light yield of up to 54,000 photons/MeV and energy resolution of 3.3% at 662 keV and we report on the effects of doping on the scintillation properties of CHC.
Structure-property relationships in Pd/PC nanocomposites based chemical sensors (2008)

In this paper, we study the effect of morphology on the thermal stability of palladium/polycarbonate (Pd/PC ) nanocomposites. Pd/PC nanocomposites were synthesized via two different techniques, ex situ and in situ. Discrete Pd nanoclusters of ~ 15nm size were formed in the abse nce of PC in the reaction mixture (ex situ method) while agglomeration of Pd nanoclusters was noticed in the presence of PC in the reaction mixture ( in situ method). Variations in thermal stability were noted for the various Pd/PC nanocomposites as a function of their morphology. These results have implications for the operating l ife-times of chemical sensors containing Pd/PC nanocomposites as active elements.
Etude des propriétés acoustiques et mécaniques d'un matériau métallique poreux modèle à base de sphères creuses de nickel (2003)

Cette these s'est focalisee sur un materiau cellulaire metallique modele, dans le but de fournir a la fois un materiau candidat et des outils de conception d'un revetement acoustique pour les tuyeres de turbomachines. Le probleme d'absorption acoustique a conduit a discuter une modelisation analytique descriptive disponible dans la litterature, puis a introduire une technique numerique permettant de predire les proprietes acoustiques d'un materiau poreux. Pour repondre au besoin industriel de tenue structurale, les proprietes elastiques du materiau ont ete calculees numeriquement, et l'on a propose une approche numerique de la microplasticite. Enfin, les outils numeriques ainsi realises ont ete utilises dans un probleme simplifie de conception et d'optimisation de revetement acoustique.
Cholesterol is accumulated by mycobacteria but its degradation is limited to non-pathogenic fast-growing mycobacteria (2000)

In this report we show that fast-growing non-pathogenic mycobacteria degrade cholesterol from liquid media, and are able to grow on cholesterol as a sole carbon source. In contrast, slow-growing mycobacteria, including pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), do not degrade and use cholesterol as a carbon source. Nevertheless, pathogenic mycobacteria are able to uptake, modify, and accumulate cholesterol from liquid growth media, and form a zone of clearance around a colony when plated on solid media containing cholesterol. These data suggest that cholesterol may have a role in mycobacterial infection other than its use as carbon source.
Assessments of Aerosol Delivery and Fugitive Aerosol Particle Concentrations Generated During Aerosol Delivery via Two High-Flow Nasal Cannula Devices: A Randomized Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers (2021)

Background:Aerosol delivery via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has attracted clinical interest in recent years. Both HFNC and aerosol therapy have been considered as aerosol generating procedure (AGP) during COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the fugitive aerosol concentrations during trans-nasal aerosol delivery and the effective method to reduce the fugitive aerosol concentrations. Methods:After approval by the ethic committee in Rush University (20121804-IRB01), 7 healthy volunteers were consented and enrolled in the study. Two HFNC devices (Airvo2 and Vapotherm) were utilized with a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) placed at the inlet of humidifier. Aerosol particle concentrations were compared between the two devices, in a random order of HFNC alone, HFNC with a surgical mask, HFNC with a scavenger face tent, HFNC with VMN, HFNC with VMN and a surgical mask, and HFNC with VMN and a scavenger face tent. HFNC flow was set at the highest level subject could tolerate, and 3mL of saline was placed in VMN for each nebulization. This study was implemented in an ICU room, with 2 aerosol particle sizers placed at 1 and 3 feet away from subjects to measure the fugitive aerosol concentrations at sizes of 0.3 to 10 µm at baseline, before, during and after each experiment. Furthermore, a small in-vitro study was conducted to evaluate inhaled dose with albuterol (2.5mg in 3mL) delivered using VMN via the two HFNC devices, three flow settings (20L, 40L, 60L for Airvo2 and 20L, 30L, 40L for Vapotherm) were used. Results:Compared to baseline, both HFNC devices alone did not generate higher aerosol concentrations at all particle sizes. Compared to HFNC alone, nebulization via VMN with Vapotherm device did not generate higher fugitive aerosol concentrations (P > 0.05 for all particle sizes). In contrast, nebulization via VMN with Airvo2 device generated higher fugitive aerosol concentrations at sizes 0.3 to 1.0 µm. Placing a surgical mask or using a scavenger face tent were similar effective in reducing the fugitive aerosol concentrations (Figure 1). In the in-vitro study, the inhaled dose of albuterol was higher with VMN via Airvo2 than Vapotherm with HFNC flow of 20 L ([12.9 ± 0.9]% vs [1.3 ± 0.1]%, P = .05 ) and 40 L ([5.0 ± 0.2]% vs [0.8 ± 0.1]%, P = .05) (Table 1). Conclusions:During aerosol delivery via HFNC, Airvo2 generated higher inhaled dose and fugitive aerosol particle concentrations than Vapotherm. Placing a surgical mask or a scavenger face tent could reduce fugitive aerosol concentrations.Table 1Flow, L/mininhaled dose (%)Inhaled dose%P&nbsp;VapothermAIRVO&nbsp;201.3 ± .1212.9 ± .9.0530.9 ± .1N/AN/A40.8 ± .15.0 ± .2.0560N/A3.4 ± .1N/A