gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodistribution of111In-labelled SCN-bz-DTPA-BC-2 MAb following loco-regional injection into glioblastomas (1997)

We analyzed the biodistribution of the 111In-labelled murine anti-tenascin-C MAb BC-2 after intralesional injection in 15 glioblastoma patients. The activated ligand DTPA was conjugated via the isothiocyanato-benzyl group onto BC-2. Conjugates were labelled with 111In, displaying immunoreactivity greater than 90% and labelling efficiency of 99 +/- 1%. In contrast to i.v. injections, excellent tumor uptake was obtained by direct intralesional injection of conjugates that showed only slow systemic release. In serum, conjugates were found to be intact; in urine, only low-molecular-weight decay products were detected. In 8 patients, outflow from the site of injection into systemic circulation was low; daily activity in the serum and urine was found to be below 2% of the total injected radioactivity; most of the injected activity was retained within the tumor, resulting in effective half-lives of 58 +/- 5 hr. In contrast, higher outflow up to 10% of regionally injected 111In-DTPA-BC-2 MAb into systemic circulation resulted in considerable shortening of the effective half-lives to 20 to 40 hr in 7 patients. This outflow was found to correlate with tumor size and blood/brain barrier disruption. In one patient, HPLC analysis of tumor cyst fluid 3 and 6 days after intralesional injection revealed conjugates to be intact and allowed the estimate of about 70% of the total injected 111In-DTPA-BC-2 to be confined to tumor tissue. We conclude that different outflow patterns can be observed following locoregional injection of 111In-DTPA-BC-2, leading to considerable variations in the effective half-lives of isotopes within the tumor, requiring adjustment of the radiation dose in therapeutic trials.
Tunable all-fiber PM lasers with single-and dual-wavelength emission and extended tuning range at 1μm and 2μm (2018)

We present discretely tunable all-fiber lasers based on a theta ring cavity and an FBG array featuring single- and synchronized multi-wavelength emission. They cover extended tuning ranges of 50nm (Yb band) and 79nm (Tm band).
Signal enhancement using a switchable magnetic trap (2023)

A system for analyzing a sample including providing a microchannel flow channel; associating the sample with magnetic nanoparticles or magnetic polystyrene-coated beads; moving the sample with said magnetic nanoparticles or magnetic polystyrene-coated beads in the microchannel flow channel; holding the sample with the magnetic nanoparticles or magnetic polystyrene-coated beads in a magnetic trap in the microchannel flow channel; and analyzing the sample obtaining an enhanced analysis signal. An apparatus for analysis of a sample includes magnetic particles connected to the sample, a microchip, a flow channel in the microchip, a source of carrier fluid connected to the flow channel for moving the sample in the flow channel, an electromagnet trap connected to the flow line for selectively magnetically trapping the sample and the magnetic particles, and an analyzer for analyzing the sample.
Spin Exchange Coupling in Heterobimetallic MIIVIVO (M = Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) Macrocyclic Complexes. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties (1998)

A series of heterobimetallic complexes [(VIVO)L1CuII(μ-OAC)(MeOH)](ClO4) (1) and [(VIVO)L1MII(μ-OAc)(H2O)](ClO4)·H2O (M = Ni (2), Co (3), Fe (4), Mn (5)) derived from a symmetric tetraaminodiphenol macrocyclic ligand H2L1 have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined. The complex (C27H41N4O10ClCuV) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 13.227(3) Å, b = 14.932(3) Å, c = 17.019(3) Å, β = 112.29(1)°, and Z = 4. Both the metal centers in 1 are six-coordinated and are triply bridged by the two phenolate and the acetate oxygens; the sixth coordination site of the copper atom is occupied by a distantly placed methanol oxygen (Cu−O = 2.452(5) Å), while that of the vanadium by the oxo oxygen (V−O = 1.627(4) Å). The metal centers are separated by 3.066(1) Å, and the dihedral angle (Δ) between the metal planes is 32.0°. Variable-temperature (4−300 K) magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1−5 and of [(VIVO)L2CuII(μ-OAc)(H2O)](ClO4) (6) (where H2L2 is an asymmetric tetraaminodiphenol macrocyclic ligand) have been made and treated with the spin-Hamiltonian H = −2JS1·S2. All the complexes, except 5, exhibit ferromagnetic exchange interaction with the following values of J (in cm-1): 42.5 (1), 12.0 (2), 4.4 (3), 4.4 (4), and 46.0 (6); complex 5 behaves antiferromagnetically with J = −14.2 cm-1. A linear correlation between J and Δ has been proposed for CuIIVIVO complexes.
The HepaRG Cell Line: Biological Properties and Relevance as a Tool for Cell Biology, Drug Metabolism, and Virology Studies (2010)

Liver progenitor cells may play an important role in carcinogenesis in vivo and represent therefore useful cellular materials for in vitro studies. The HepaRG cell line, which is a human bipotent progenitor cell line capable to differentiate toward two different cell phenotypes (i.e., biliary-like and hepatocyte-like cells), has been established from a liver tumor associated with chronic hepatitis C. This cell line represents a valuable alternative to ex vivo cultivated primary human hepatocytes (PHH), as HepaRG cells share some features and properties with adult hepatocytes. The cell line is particularly useful to evaluate drugs and perform drug metabolism studies, as many detoxifying enzymes are expressed and functional. It is also an interesting tool to study some aspect of progenitor biology (e.g., differentiation process), carcinogenesis, and the infection by some pathogens for which the cell line is permissive (e.g., HBV infection). Overall, this chapter gives a concise overview of the biological properties and potential applications of this cell line.
Parameter estimation for von mises-fisher mixture model via Gaussian distribution (2014)

Directional statistics deal with direction, such as angles and phases. A well-known distribution in directional statistics is von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distribution, which is Gaussian distribution on a unit hypersphere. For a vMF mixture model, a maximum likelihood estimator and a variational Bayes estimator have already been derived. However, an iterative algorithm for finding the maximum likelihood estimator may accumulate approximation error. Besides, the variational Bayes estimator cannot estimate some parameters. This paper derives an estimator of the parameters in the vMF mixture model via the Gaussian distribution to solve these problems. We focus on the fact that the vMF distribution is derived from the Gaussian distribution. At first, we apply the estimation for the Gaussian mixture model to observed samples. Then, we convert the estimated Gaussian mixture distribution to a vMF mixture distribution. Experimental results support the analysis.
AZG1 is a cytokinin transporter that interacts with auxin transporter PIN1 and regulates the root stress response (2023)

An environmentally responsive root system is crucial for plant growth and crop yield, especially in suboptimal soil conditions. This responsiveness enables the plant to exploit regions of high nutrient density while simultaneously minimizing abiotic stress. Despite the vital importance of root systems in regulating plant growth, significant gaps of knowledge exist in the mechanisms that regulate their architecture. Auxin defines both the frequency of lateral root (LR) initiation and the rate of LR outgrowth. Here, we describe a search for proteins that regulate root system architecture (RSA) by interacting directly with a key auxin transporter, PIN1. The native separation of Arabidopsis plasma membrane protein complexes identified several PIN1 co-purifying proteins. Among them, AZG1 was subsequently confirmed as a PIN1 interactor. Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis, AZG1 is a cytokinin (CK) import protein that co-localizes with and stabilizes PIN1, linking auxin and CK transport streams. AZG1 expression in LR primordia is sensitive to NaCl, and the frequency of LRs is AZG1-dependent under salt stress. This report therefore identifies a potential point for auxin:cytokinin crosstalk, which shapes RSA in response to NaCl.
Probing microwave capacitance of self-assembled quantum dots (2009)

Self-assembled quantum dots have remarkable optical, electronic, and spintronic properties that make them leading candidates for quantum information technologies. Their characterization requires rapid and local determination of both charge and spin degrees of freedom. We present a way to probe the capacitance of small ensembles of quantum dots at microwave frequencies. The technique employs a capacitance sensor based on a microwave microstrip resonator with sensitivity ∼10−19 F/Hz, high enough to probe single electrons. The integration of this design in a scanning microscope will provide an important tool for investigating single charge and spin dynamics in self-assembled quantum dot systems.
045 Combined Urethral Surgery at Time of Penile Prosthesis Implantation does not Increase Risk of Device Infection (2019)

Urethral surgery for stricture disease or urethral trauma sustained at the time of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation is thought to significantly increase rates of device infection. The classic teaching requires procedure abortion, urethral repair and a future, delayed IPP implantation. We report our experience with patients who had urethral surgery at the time of IPP implantation in order to further elucidate potential risk factors associated with device complications. Consecutive records of patients who underwent IPP implantation at our institution between May 2007 and March 2017 were queried retrospectively. Medical records of patients with a history of urethral surgery at the time of IPP implantation were evaluated. Patient demographics, pre-operative workup, intra-operative maneuvers and post-operative follow-up data were analyzed with use of standard statistics. Records of thirteen men were identified. Average patient age was 63.9 years (range: 40-81yo), and 11 of men (84.6%) were Caucasian. Two men who sustained intra-operative urethral injuries underwent complex repairs with suprapubic tube (SPT) placement. The remaining eleven men had stricture disease and required either stricture dilation, incision or urethroplasty. IPP revision (explantation/ implantation) was performed in two of the men undergoing urethral dilation for stricture disease. There were no device infections or erosions. (Table 1)
Gene regulatory network reveals oxidative stress as the underlying molecular mechanism of type 2 diabetes and hypertension (2010)

The findings provide a novel comprehensive approach for understanding the pathogenesis of various co-associated chronic inflammatory diseases by combining the power of pathway analysis with gene regulatory network evaluation.
Study protocol for the Melbourne Infant Study: BCG for Allergy and Infection Reduction (MIS BAIR), a randomised controlled trial to determine the non-specific effects of neonatal BCG vaccination in a low-mortality setting (2019)

NCT01906853.
Spin Domains Generate Hierarchical Ground State Structure inJ=±1Spin Glasses (2001)

Unbiased samples of ground states were generated for the short-range Ising spin glass with J(ij) = +/-1, in three dimensions. Clustering the ground states revealed their hierarchical structure, which is explained by correlated spin domains, serving as cores for macroscopic zero energy "excitations."
Demo (2017)

Live streaming is an increasingly popular way to broadcast videos ranging from formal news channels to kitten cams to home security camera feeds. Live streaming marries the rich detail of video with the timeliness of live transmission and the ease of use of consumer cameras, thus promising to vastly increase the amount of detailed, up-to-the minute information available about the real world. The volume of potentially interesting footage brings up the question of how end-users can avoid being glued to one (or worse, many) streams of videos waiting for events of interest. In this demo, we present Lookout, a system that allows users to register standing queries, called triggers over live video streams. Lookout then notifies the user when events of interest to them occur in their streams of interest. For example, a user could point to a cat cam and write a trigger that sends a notification when the cat wakes up and starts moving. Users can also write triggers to look for certain news being covered in a live new channel, a gamer moving to a certain level in a Twitch stream, a stranger showing up in a outdoor surveillance camera, etc.
Preliminary results of the pilot pneumonia multicentric study in the GABRIEL network for etiological agents identification (2014)

Background and Aims. The final purpose of the Pilot Multi-centric Pneumonia Study (launched in 2010) is to provide information on the pneumonia etiology (viruses and bacterial) to improve case management of the pneumonia ill child. Methods. A hospital-based case-control study has been carried-out in 10 centers located in 9 countries over 3 continents. 826 cases and 791 controls out of 2,000 under 5 years of age were enrolled. Respiratory specimens and whole blood were collected from all pneumonia cases and controls to identify viruses or bacteria using real-time multiplex PCR assays. S. pneumoniae was serotyped in positive samples. Results. The main bacterial agent found in cases and control respiratory samples were S. pneumoniae (58% and 40%, respectively). S. aureus, H. influenzae b, M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae were less represented (18% to 0.1%). For the viral population, RSV was the principal agent found (26% in cases and only at 5% in controls). HMPV, PIV-3 and Influenza-A/B were found mainly in cases. Rhinoviruses were found equally in controls and cases (around 21%). The main S. pneumoniae serotypes represented were 6A/B; 14; 19A; 19F and 5. The viral and S. pneumoniae serotype populations were different in each country. These results while preliminary are nonetheless interesting. Conclusions. The objective of this study is to identify the etiologies of pneumonia among hospitalized children in developing and emergent countries. The results will improve individual care and propose appropriate public health policies. The results should permit a better implementation of targeted curative or preventive measures.
Simultaneous Generation of Baseband and Radio Signals Using Only One Single-Electrode Mach&ndash;Zehnder Modulator With Enhanced Linearity (2006)

We experimentally demonstrate a simultaneous generation of baseband (BB) and RF signals, using only one single-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator (SD-MZM) based on double-sideband with optical carrier suppression (DSBCS) scheme. With optimal modulation index (MI =V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-p</sub> /2V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pi</sub> ) equal to 0.43 for driving MZM, the receiver sensitivity of the RF signal can have 1-dB improvement. Based on this result, only one SD-MZM is needed to generate optical microwaves using DSBCS scheme, thus eliminating the requirement of a high-cost dual-electrode MZM without degrading the signal performance. Following 75-km standard single-mode fiber, the power penalties of both BB and RF signals are less than 0.3 dB
Classification of Near-Infrared Spectra Using Wavelength Distances: Comparison to the Mahalanobis Distance and Residual Variance Methods (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClassification of Near-Infrared Spectra Using Wavelength Distances: Comparison to the Mahalanobis Distance and Residual Variance MethodsPaul J. Gemperline and Nichole R. BoyerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1, 160–166Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00097a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Hydrogen‐Containing Sodium Alkoxides as Suitable Bases in Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminations of Aryl Halides. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Characterization of Perfluorinated Carboxylate/Sulfonate Ionomer Membranes for Separation and Solid Electrolyte Applications (2007)

A synthesis procedure is given for mixed functionality carboxylate/sulfonate (c/s) perfluorinated ionomer membranes starting from sulfonyl fluoride-form Nafion precursor. The described method produces ionomers with up to 30% carboxylate-substituted equivalents. Attenuated total reflectance and transmission Fourier transform infrared analyses show that the c/s membranes have carboxylate-rich surfaces and a sulfonate-rich center. The surfaces of the c/s membranes are uniform in carboxylate content across the entire membrane areas. The c/s membranes show interesting transport characteristics when compared to Nafion, including proton conductivity that decreases moderately, and water permeability that decreases significantly with increased carboxylate content. As an example, an increase in carboxylate content from 2.4 to 7.5 and 11.4% results in a 26.9 and 32.7% drop in conductivity coupled with a 67.7 and 97% drop in permeability, respectively. Given the dehydration problem in modern H2/air proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and the methanol crossover problem in direct methanol PEM fuel cells, these c/s membranes may offer increased performance in fuel cell applications. The synthesis procedures can be used in general to attach functional molecules to the terminal sulfur atom on the ionomer side chains, creating a number of possibilities in forming dual-functionalized Nafion films.
TAO Conceptual Design Report: A Precision Measurement of the Reactor Antineutrino Spectrum with Sub-percent Energy Resolution (2020)

The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO, also known as JUNO-TAO) is a\nsatellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). A\nton-level liquid scintillator detector will be placed at about 30 m from a core\nof the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant. The reactor antineutrino spectrum will be\nmeasured with sub-percent energy resolution, to provide a reference spectrum\nfor future reactor neutrino experiments, and to provide a benchmark measurement\nto test nuclear databases. A spherical acrylic vessel containing 2.8 ton\ngadolinium-doped liquid scintillator will be viewed by 10 m^2 Silicon\nPhotomultipliers (SiPMs) of &amp;gt;50% photon detection efficiency with almost full\ncoverage. The photoelectron yield is about 4500 per MeV, an order higher than\nany existing large-scale liquid scintillator detectors. The detector operates\nat -50 degree C to lower the dark noise of SiPMs to an acceptable level. The\ndetector will measure about 2000 reactor antineutrinos per day, and is designed\nto be well shielded from cosmogenic backgrounds and ambient radioactivities to\nhave about 10% background-to-signal ratio. The experiment is expected to start\noperation in 2022.
99mTc-Labeled Cystine Knot Peptide Targeting Integrin αvβ6for Tumor SPECT Imaging (2014)

Integrin αvβ6 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and its expression is often associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, there is a need to develop affinity reagents for noninvasive imaging of integrin αvβ6 expression since it may provide early cancer diagnosis, more accurate prognosis, and better treatment planning. We recently engineered and validated highly stable cystine knot peptides that selectively bind integrin αvβ6 with no cross-reactivity to integrins αvβ5, α5β1, or αvβ3, also known to be overexpressed in many cancers. Here, we developed a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) probe for imaging integrin αvβ6 positive tumors. Cystine knot peptide, S02, was first conjugated with a single amino acid chelate (SAAC) and labeled with [(99m)Tc(H2O)3(CO)3](+). The resulting probe, (99m)Tc-SAAC-S02, was then evaluated by in vitro cell uptake studies using two αvβ6 positive cell lines (human lung adenocarcinoma cell line HCC4006 and pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3) and two αvβ6 negative cell lines (human lung adenocarcinoma cell line H838 and human embryonic kidney cell line 293T). Next, SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies were performed in nude mice bearing HCC4006 and H838 tumor xenografts to evaluate the in vivo performance of (99m)Tc-SAAC-S02. Significant differences in the uptake of (99m)Tc-SAAC-S02 were observed in αvβ6 positive vs negative cells (P < 0.05). Biodistribution and small animal SPECT/CT studies revealed that (99m)Tc-SAAC-S02 accumulated to moderate levels in antigen positive tumors (∼2% ID/g at 1 and 6 h postinjection, n = 3 or 4/group). Moreover, the probe demonstrated tumor-to-background tissue ratios of 6.81 ± 2.32 (tumor-to-muscle) and 1.63 ± 0.18 (tumor-to-blood) at 6 h postinjection in αvβ6 positive tumor xenografts. Co-incubation of the probe with excess amount of unlabeled S02 as a blocking agent demonstrated significantly reduced tumor uptake, which is consistent with specific binding to the target. Renal filtration was the main route of clearance. In conclusion, knottin peptides are excellent scaffolds for which to develop highly stable imaging probes for a variety of oncological targets. (99m)Tc-SAAC-S02 demonstrates promise for use as a SPECT agent to image integrin αvβ6 expression in living systems.
Bladder cancer cells shift rapidly and spontaneously to cisplatin-resistant oxidative phosphorylation that is trackable in real time (2022)

Genetic mutations have long been recognized as drivers of cancer drug resistance, but recent work has defined additional non-genetic mechanisms of plasticity, wherein cancer cells assume a drug resistant phenotype marked by altered epigenetic and transcriptional states. Currently, little is known about the real-time, dynamic nature of this phenotypic shift. Using a bladder cancer model of nongenetic plasticity, we discovered that rapid transition to drug resistance entails upregulation of mitochondrial gene expression and a corresponding metabolic shift towards the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Based on this distinction, we were able to track cancer cell metabolic profiles in real time using fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM). We observed single cells transitioning spontaneously to an oxidative phosphorylation state over hours to days, a trend that intensified with exposure to cisplatin chemotherapy. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation significantly reversed the FLIM metabolic signature and reduced cisplatin resistance. These rapid, spontaneous metabolic shifts offer a new means of tracking nongenetic cancer plasticity and forestalling the emergence of drug resistance.