gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Polymorphisms of Nuclear Receptor SHP Associated with Functional and Structural Changes (2010)

We identified three heterozygous nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the small heterodimer partner (SHP, NROB2) gene in normal subjects and CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)-like patients, including two novel missense mutations (p.R38H, p.K170N) and one of the previously reported polymorphism (p.G171A). Four novel heterozygous mutations were also identified in the intron ((Intron)1265T-->A), 3'-untranslated region ((3'-UTR)101C-->G, (3'-UTR)186T-->C), and promoter ((Pro)-423C-->T) of the SHP gene. The exonic R38H and K170N mutants exhibited impaired nuclear translocation. K170N made SHP more susceptible to ubiquitination mediated degradation and blocked SHP acetylation, which displayed lost repressive activity on its interacting partners ERRgamma and HNF4alpha but not LRH-1. In contrast, G171A increased SHP mRNA and protein expression and maintained normal function. In general, the interaction of SHP mutants with LRH-1 and EID1 was enhanced. K170N also markedly impaired the recruitment of SHP, HNF4alpha, HDAC1, and HDAC3 to the apoCIII promoter. Molecular dynamics simulations of SHP showed that G171A stabilized the nuclear receptor boxes, whereas K170N promoted the conformational destabilization of all the structural elements of the receptor. This study suggests that genetic variations in SHP are common among human subjects and the Lys-170 residue plays a key role in controlling SHP ubiquitination and acetylation associated with SHP protein stability and repressive function.
ical Wavelength Shifting of Microwave carriers by Using Four-Wave Mixing emiconductor Optical Amplifier (1996)

We demonstrate all-optical wavelength shifting over 9 nm for two microwave subcarriers by using four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. In our experiment, the RF spectrum is relatively unaffected by wavelength shifting and the resultant system power penalty is -0.5 dB. Such a transparent wavelength shifter may be a critical component in WDM networks supporting both subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) and high speed digital transmission.
CDTA (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the way we live and work by increasing the connectedness of people and things on a scale that was once unimaginable. However, the vulnerabilities in the IoT supply chain have raised serious concerns about the security and trustworthiness of IoT devices and components within them. Testing for device provenance, detection of counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) and systems, and traceability of IoT devices are challenging issues to address. In this article, we develop a novel radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based system suitable for counterfeit detection, traceability, and authentication in the IoT supply chain called CDTA . CDTA is composed of different types of on-chip sensors and in-system structures that collect necessary information to detect multiple counterfeit IC types (recycled, cloned, etc.), track and trace IoT devices, and verify the overall system authenticity. Central to CDTA is an RFID tag employed as storage and a channel to read the information from different types of chips on the printed circuit board (PCB) in both power-on and power-off scenarios. CDTA sensor data can also be sent to the remote server for authentication via an encrypted Ethernet channel when the IoT device is deployed in the field. A novel board ID generator is implemented by combining outputs of physical unclonable functions (PUFs) embedded in the RFID tag and different chips on the PCB. A light-weight RFID protocol is proposed to enable mutual authentication between RFID readers and tags. We also implement a secure interchip communication on the PCB. Simulations and experimental results using Spartan 3E FPGAs demonstrate the effectiveness of this system. The efficiency of the radio-frequency (RF) communication has also been verified via a PCB prototype with a printed slot antenna.
Improving Visualization Interpretation Using Counterfactuals (2021)

Complex, high-dimensional data is used in a wide range of domains to explore problems and make decisions. Analysis of high-dimensional data, however, is vulnerable to the hidden influence of confounding variables, especially as users apply ad hoc filtering operations to visualize only specific subsets of an entire dataset. Thus, visual data-driven analysis can mislead users and encourage mistaken assumptions about causality or the strength of relationships between features. This work introduces a novel visual approach designed to reveal the presence of confounding variables via counterfactual possibilities during visual data analysis. It is implemented in CoFact, an interactive visualization prototype that determines and visualizes counterfactual subsets to better support user exploration of feature relationships. Using publicly available datasets, we conducted a controlled user study to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach; the results indicate that users exposed to counterfactual visualizations formed more careful judgments about feature-to-outcome relationships.
Vasoreactivity of the optic nerve head, nailfold, and facial skin in response to cold provocation in normal-tension glaucoma patients (2023)

NTG patients showed abnormal vasoconstriction in the ONH and nailfold and vasodilation in the facial skin in response to cold-water provocation.
Preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of glucose dehydrogenase fromThermus thermophilusHB8 (2007)

Thermus thermophilus is an aerobic chemoorganotroph that has been found to grow anaerobically in the presence of nitrate. Crystals of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from T. thermophilus HB8 belong to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 36.90, b = 132.96, c = 60.78 A, beta = 97.2 degrees. Preliminary studies and molecular-replacement calculations reveal that the asymmetric unit contains two monomers.
The statistical distribution of magnetotelluric apparent resistivity and phase (2007)

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of John Wiley &amp; Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Journal International 171 (2007): 127-132, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03523.x.
A modular multiport vector network analyzer for electromagnetic tomography applications (2017)

Electromagnetic Tomography (EMT) measurement systems with low power consumption, high performance in terms of measurement accuracy and the capability of handling numerous antennas are needed for widely applied EMT. A highly modular approach for such a system is described in this paper. The shown concept allows to measure the required S-parameters, as needed for imaging of attenuative test objects, on any number of antennas simultaneously. This reduces total measurement time, without degradation of measurement accuracy. The presented concept has been realized as a prototype for 32 antennas and experimentally verified using a measurement chamber.
Measurement of Electrical Impedance and Eddy Currents in Tissue Phantoms (2013)

Measurement of the electromagnetic (EM) properties of tissue such as electrical conductivity, permittivity, and eddy current characteristics can be used in clinical medicine for characterizing and distinguishing soft tissue morphology. Such measurements can yield complementary information to what can be obtained using analysis with an optical microscope. An example is the assessment of margins during the surgical resection of occult tumors. In current practice, the surgeon relies on pre-operative imaging modalities, sight and palpation to locate and attempt to fully resect the tumor(s). Frozen section pathological assessment offers the only other resource available to the surgeon for margin analysis, but it is incomplete because only a small fraction of the resected tissue is examined and it is often not feasible to wait for the results of the frozen section analysis before completing the surgery. This paper describes a characterization and imaging method based on variations in electromagnetic tissue properties to assess the surgical margins of resected tissues. This is noteworthy because accurate margin assessment has been shown to significantly improve long term patient outcomes[1].
Prompt and non-prompt contributions to fusion product bombardment of a tokamak first wall (1980)

High-energy fusion-product losses from an axisymmetric tokamak plasma to the first wall are studied. Prompt-escape bombardment fluxes (i.e. before slowing-down) are calculated including the non-separable dependence of flux as a function of poloidal angle and local angle of incidence at the first wall. The resulting rate of blistering-injected impurities might then reduce reactor burn times by 50–70%. The sensitivity of the bombardment flux to various device parameters is examined; plasma-wall separation is found to be the most crucial factor. Modest increases (≤20%) in wall radius (plasma radius fixed) of a device such as the ORNL-EPR are found to reduce blistering-injected impurities to a level which should no longer limit the burn time. Non-prompt losses (during slowing-down) are also calculated; the resulting flux at the wall ≲ 0.1 × (prompt flux) × .
Absorption Related to Hand-Held Devices in Data Mode (2015)

The human body has an influence on the radiation from hand-held devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops, part of the energy is absorbed and the spatial distribution of the radiated part is modified. Previous studies of whole body absorption have mainly been numerical or related to talk mode. In this paper, an experimental study involving four volunteers and three different devices is performed from 0.5 to 3 GHz. The devices are a laptop, a tablet, and a smartphone all held in the lap. The 3-D distribution of radiation is measured. Comparing the integrated power in the case of a person present with the device alone allows the determination of the relative absorption in the whole body and the device. In general, the absorption varies considerably between devices and as a function of frequency and person. The absorption varies from almost nothing to close to 100%. The shadowing of the body is apparent in all cases. The losses in the in-built antennas are often dominating and with a maximum total loss of 99% for the smartphone for one user. The absorption in the body is around 50%.
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Al2O3 Atomic Layer Deposition Using Trimethylaluminum and Water at 125 °C (2009)

Al(2)O(3) atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth with Al(CH(3))(3) (trimethylaluminum (TMA)) and H(2)O as the reactants was examined at the relatively low temperature of 125 degrees C using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. The total Al(2)O(3) ALD mass gain per cycle (MGPC) and MGPCs during the individual TMA and H(2)O reactions were measured versus TMA and H(2)O exposures. The Al(2)O(3) MGPC increased with increasing H(2)O and TMA exposures at fixed TMA and H(2)O exposures, respectively. However, the TMA and H(2)O reactions were not completely self-limiting. The slower surface reaction kinetics at lower temperature may require very long exposures for the reactions to reach completion. The Al(2)O(3) MGPCs increased quickly versus H(2)O exposure and slowly reached limiting values that were only weakly dependent on the TMA doses. Small TMA exposures were also sufficient for the Al(2)O(3) MGPCs to reach different limiting values for different H(2)O doses. The TMA MGPCs increased for higher TMA exposures at all H(2)O exposures. In contrast, the H(2)O MGPCs decreased for higher TMA exposures at all H(2)O exposures. This decrease may occur from more dehydroxylation at larger hydroxyl coverages after the H(2)O exposures. The hydroxyl coverage after the H(2)O exposure was dependent only on the H(2)O exposure. The Al(2)O(3) MGPC was also linearly dependent on the hydroxyl coverage after the H(2)O dose. Both the observed hydroxyl coverage versus H(2)O exposure and the Al(2)O(3) ALD growth versus H(2)O and TMA exposures were fit using modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm expressions where the pressures are replaced with exposures. These results should be useful for understanding low-temperature Al(2)O(3) ALD, which is important for coating organic, polymeric, and biological substrates.
A psychovisual study of print smoothness via metameric samples (2019)

The smoothness of a print is one of its main image quality attributes. Here smoothness can refer to the level of unexpected changes or discontinuities in color transitions (at a macro scale) or the level of local variation (at a micro scale), sometimes also described as grain. This paper starts with presenting an approach to building a first-ever set of metameric printed samples that match in color but vary in grain, followed by a psychovisual study of smoothness perception based on a large number of evaluations by both experts and non-experts. This data shows high levels of intra- and inter-observer correlation and can therefore serve as a robust ground truth for understanding and modelling the print smoothness phenomenon. Then, a previously published predictive smoothness model is revisited, that estimates smoothness from a digital halftone before it is printed, and it is shown to result in high degrees of correlation between observer assigned smoothness judgments and computationally predicted scores. The paper also reports the results of tuning the smoothness metrics parameters to further enhance is alignment with the psychovisual ground truth.
Application development – the basics (2014)

In this chapter we introduce the fundamentals of application development using the stream processing paradigm. It is organized as follows. In Section 3.2, we provide an overview of the main characteristics of Stream Processing Applications (SPAs), focusing on how they affect the development process. In Section 3.3, we review the existing stream processing languages, deepening the discussion started in Chapter 2. In Section 3.4, we provide an introduction to the SPL language which will allow the readers to follow the examples provided in the rest of the book. In Section 3.5,weprovidealist of commonly used stream processing operators and discuss their roles by looking into their implementation as provided by the SPL standard toolkit.
Retinal Microvascular Signs, Cognitive Function, and Dementia in Older Persons (2007)

In older persons, our study shows a modest cross-sectional association between retinopathy signs with poorer cognitive function and, in persons with hypertension, with dementia. These data support a possible role of cerebral microvascular disease in the pathogenesis of impaired cognitive function and dementia in older hypertensive persons.
Product rotational distributions and specific opacity functions for the reaction Ba +HI → BaI (v=0,4,8,12,16,18) +H (1992)

The reaction Ba+HI→BaI(v)+H was studied under beam-gas, single-collision conditions with an average center-of-mass collision energy of 13 kJ mol−1. BaI (v) rotational distributions were recorded for v=0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 18 by means of selectively detected laser-induced fluorescence of the BaI C 2Π–X 2Σ+ band system. Each rotational distribution exhibits a maximum toward its high energy end and the range of rotational states becomes narrower as product vibration increases. Because the kinematic constraint causes almost all reagent orbital angular momentum to appear in product rotation, the principle of angular momentum conservation provides the means for determining specific opacity functions from the rotational distributions and the reagent relative velocity distribution. The specific opacity functions are narrow functions of the impact parameter. The peak values decrease smoothly from approximately 4.5 Å for v=0 to 1.5 Å for v=18, indicating a strong correlation between impact parameter and product vibrational state such that Ba+HI collisions with small impact parameter produce BaI with large vibrational excitation.
Generating Better Medicines for Cancer (2020)

The complexity of tumor biology warrants tailored drug delivery for overcoming the major challenges faced by cancer therapies. The versatility of the PRINT® (Particle Replication In Non-wetting Templates) process has enabled the preparation of shape- and size-specific particles with a wide range of chemical compositions and therapeutic cargos. Different particle matrices and drugs may be combined in a plug-and-play approach, such that physico-chemical characteristics of delivery vectors may be optimized for biocompatibility, cargo stability and release, circulation half-life, and efficacy. Thus, the engineering of particles for cancer therapy with specific biophysical behaviors and cellular responses has been demonstrated via the PRINT process.
490. Long Term Expression and Biodistribution of HIV Vector Pseudotyped with Deletion Mutant of the Ebola Envelope Glycoprotein Following Instillation in Airway of Nonhuman Primates (2004)

Several studies have demonstrated that pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with other viral envelopes can optimize and even alter the tropism to cell types known to be non-permissive to VSV-G-HIV mediated transduction. We and others have demonstrated that HIV vector pseudotyped with the Ebola Zaire (EboZ-GP) envelope can transduce the airway epithelia of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice through the apical surface of the cells. A group of EboZ-GP envelope deletion mutants was generated to minimize EboZ-GP associated toxicity and perhaps improve vector-mediated transduction. Both reduced cellular toxicity and significant improvement in transduction efficiency has been shown in vitro and in vivo with these deletion mutants. HIV-based vectors pseudotyped with the Non-Toxic EboZ-GP Deletion 4 or 6 (NTD4 or NTD6) and encoding for the b-galactosidase reporter gene were evaluated following instillation in the lung of nonhuman primates (rhesus macaques) and compared to the wild-type EboZ-GP envelope pseudotyped HIV vector. Transduction efficiency was assessed by b-gal. staining and TaqMan PCR 8 to 10 weeks post-administration. In addition, a biodistribution analysis was performed to determine whether HIV vector could leak into other internal organs following lung instillation. TaqMan PCR was used to analyze different organs such as spleen, liver, gonads and brain for the presence of HIV vector genome copies. Results indicate that HIV-based vector pseudotyped with the Non-Toxic EboZ-GP deletion mutant transduces airway epithelia and submucosal glands more efficiently than the wild type EboZ-GP pseudotyped vector. Areas of the transduced lung with pseudotyped HIV vector showed sections with up to 18% of b-gal. positive cells by histochemical staining. The instilled lung contained up to an average of 21 HIV vector genome copies per 100 total lung cells as determined by TaqMan PCR. Overall, this study shows that deletion mutants of the Ebola envelope are less toxic and that in the context of HIV-based vector, transduction efficiency of nonhuman primate airway is improved.
Effective connectivity of brain regions related to visual word recognition: An fMRI study of Chinese reading (2015)

Past neuroimaging studies have focused on identifying specialized functional brain systems for processing different components of reading, such as orthography, phonology, and semantics. More recently, a few experiments have been performed to look into the integration and interaction of distributed neural systems for visual word recognition, suggesting that lexical processing in alphabetic languages involves both ventral and dorsal neural pathways originating from the visual cortex. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we tested the multiple pathways model with Chinese character stimuli and examined how the neural systems interacted in reading Chinese. Using dynamic causal modeling, we demonstrated that visual word recognition in Chinese engages the ventral pathway from the visual cortex to the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex, but not the dorsal pathway from the visual cortex to the left parietal region. The ventral pathway, however, is linked to the superior parietal lobule and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) so that a dynamic neural network is formed, with information flowing from the visual cortex to the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex to the parietal lobule and then to the left MFG. The findings suggest that cortical dynamics is constrained by the differences in how visual orthographic symbols in writing systems are linked to spoken language.
Estudo do comparativo do comportamento mecânico em uniões soldadas dos aços de alta resistência de 700 e 1.000MPa (2015)

The application of high strength steels is strongly diff used in the engineering industry, especially in applications where weight reduction is important, such as the industry of agricultural machines and trailers industry. This investigation aims at conducting a comparative analysis on the mechanical behavior (micro hardness profile and tensile test) of welded joint by GMAW – Gas Metal Arc Welding – using different values of current power and voltage. The welding process was made using robotic system to maintain homogeneity along the joint, the right distance and position during the total weld joint length. The mechanical behaviors were performed with the optical microscope, micro hardness profiles analysis and tensile test. The results showed that the mechanical properties between the base metal and the weld in a structural steel welded joint have a primary importance in the final test results. Keywords: welding, micro hardness profile, tensile test, high strength low alloy steel.
Temporal structure in spiking patterns of ganglion cells defines perceptual thresholds in rodents with subretinal prosthesis (2018)

Subretinal prostheses are designed to restore sight in patients blinded by retinal degeneration using electrical stimulation of the inner retinal neurons. To relate retinal output to perception, we studied behavioral thresholds in blind rats with photovoltaic subretinal prostheses stimulated by full-field pulsed illumination at 20 Hz, and measured retinal ganglion cell (RGC) responses to similar stimuli ex-vivo. Behaviorally, rats exhibited startling response to changes in brightness, with an average contrast threshold of 12%, which could not be explained by changes in the average RGC spiking rate. However, RGCs exhibited millisecond-scale variations in spike timing, even when the average rate did not change significantly. At 12% temporal contrast, changes in firing patterns of prosthetic response were as significant as with 2.3% contrast steps in visible light stimulation of healthy retinas. This suggests that millisecond-scale changes in spiking patterns define perceptual thresholds of prosthetic vision. Response to the last pulse in the stimulation burst lasted longer than the steady-state response during the burst. This may be interpreted as an excitatory OFF response to prosthetic stimulation, and can explain behavioral response to decrease in illumination. Contrast enhancement of images prior to delivery to subretinal prosthesis can partially compensate for reduced contrast sensitivity of prosthetic vision.
Comparing Childhood Cancer Care Costs in Two Canadian Provinces (2020)

There are substantial cost differences between these two Canadian provinces, BC and ON, possibly identifying opportunities for healthcare planning improvement.
Synthesis of base-substituted uridine 5'-phosphonate analogues as potential P2Y2 receptor ligands (2011)

A series of 5-modified 5’-phosphonate derivatives of UMP has been prepared in 6 steps from uridine. The analogs were evaluated for their affinity at the P2Y2 receptor. Several derivatives showed partial agonistic activity at the P2Y2 receptor.