gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of RBC-Transfusion Dependence (2007)

Strategies for the management of anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have evolved following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of three new therapeutics from one of symptom amelioration with red blood cell (RBC) transfusions to one of active treatment. Most patients develop transfusion-dependent anemia over the course of their disease, however, and its adverse consequence on the natural history of disease has only recently been appreciated. Although severe anemia contributes to symptoms of fatigue and reduced quality of life, transfusion dependence increases the risk of organ complications from iron overload coupled with an increased risk of leukemia transformation. Among World Health Organization categories without elevation in bone marrow myeloblasts, an incremental rise in RBC transfusion burden is associated with a proportionate reduction in both overall survival and leukemia-free survival, implying that anemia severity is an important variable limiting the otherwise favorable natural history of patients with lower risk disease. Moreover, therapeutic strategies that successfully restore effective erythropoiesis, such as erythropoetic stimulating agents, immunomodulatory agents, immunosuppressive therapies, or hypomethylating agents, may favorably affect the natural history of this disease, creating perhaps a new urgency for the initiation of erythropoietic promoters that have durable clinical benefit. Selection of primary therapy for the management of anemia should consider four response determinants: age, RBC transfusion burden and duration, endogenous erythropoietin production, and karyotype.
Gate length scaling beyond Si: Mono-layer 2D Channel FETs Robust to Short Channel Effects (2022)

We explore 2D channel FET scaling down to Source-to-Drain contact spacing (L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S-D</inf> ) of 25 nm, comparable to state-of-the-art Si technology. Single gated devices show an uptick in subthreshold slope (SS) when scaling below $\mathrm{L}_{S-D}\,=34\mathrm{nm}$. Double gate devices, fabricated by use of a thin high-k bilayer ALD process optimized for 2D material surfaces, enhance electrostatics to achieve steep SS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</inf> of 75 mV/dec and low DIBL of 12 mV/V for long L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S-D</inf> devices. Nearly zero hysteresis and preliminary BTI studies show gate oxide health is promising, but improvements are needed to match Si. TCAD simulations fitted to the experimental data confirm 2D channel transistors as suitable candidates for the replacement of Si to enable a long future of Moore's Law scaling.
Моделирование и диагностика взаимодействия нелинейных колебательных систем по хаотическим временным рядам (приложения в нейрофизиологии) (2008)

РњРѕРґРµР»РёСЂРѕРІР°РЅРёРµ Рё РґРёР°РіРЅРѕСЃС‚РёРєР° РІР·Р°РёРјРѕРґРµР№СЃС‚РІРёСЏ РЅРµР»РёРЅРµР№РЅС‹С… РєРѕР»РµР±Р°С‚РµР»СЊРЅС‹С… СЃРёСЃС‚РµРј РїРѕ С…Р°РѕС‚РёС‡РµСЃРєРёРј РІСЂРµРјРµРЅРЅС‹Рј СЂСЏРґР°Рј (РїСЂРёР»РѕР¶РµРЅРёСЏ РІ РЅРµР№СЂРѕС„РёР·РёРѕР»РѕРіРёРё), Р‘РµР·СЂСѓС‡РєРѕ Р‘.Рџ., РџРѕРЅРѕРјР°СЂРµРЅРєРѕ Р’.Р
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy in Patients with Prior Coronary Revascularization in the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD‐HeFT) (2008)

In SCD-HeFT, there was no significant difference in ICD benefit across the revascularization subgroups. Patients who had their CABG > 2 years before randomization showed a trend toward improved survival with an ICD that was not observed in patients who had their CABG < or = 2 years before randomization.
Experimental and modeling study on pyrolysis of ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate mixture (2022)

Ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are important chemical substances of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolytes. Although the carbonate esters are regarded as a cause of the LIB fires, there are few studies on the pyrolysis/combustion characteristics of EC. This study aims to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of EC by performing theoretical calculations and species measurements, and to propose the first EC pyrolysis sub-mechanism. The theoretical calculations performed for a gas-phase EC decomposition at the G4 level of theory indicate that a dissociation channel producing acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide, EC = CH3CHO + CO2 (R1), is an energetically and entropically preferred decomposition reaction channel. The rate constant of R1 calculated in the present study is 7.4 times higher than that of the CO2 elimination reaction of DMC, which produces dimethyl ether, DMC = DME + CO2, at 1000 K. Species measurements were performed for the pyrolysis of EC/DMC/N2 mixtures at atmospheric pressure using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a gas chromatograph connected to a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile. Oxygenates (EC, DMC, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and DME), inorganic species (H2, CO and CO2) and hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6) were measured. Experimental results indicate that the consumption of EC occurs at a lower temperature range (Tw = 1000–1050 K) than that of DMC (Tw = 1050–1100 K), as was expected from the theoretical calculations. The measured acetaldehyde showed a rapid increase at Tw = 1000–1050 K, implying that acetaldehyde can be a good marker for the EC decomposition. One-dimensional computations using the present model involving the EC pyrolysis sub-mechanism reproduced the measured results well. Based on the reaction path analysis, R1 accounts for approximately 95% of the contribution to EC consumption at 1080 K, where 30% of EC is consumed.
High-performance and low-power challenges for sub-70 nm microprocessor circuits (2003)

CMOS technology scaling is becoming difficult beyond 70 nm node, raising new design challenges for high-performance and low-power microprocessors. This paper discusses some of the key paradigm shifts required. Circuit techniques to combat (i) increasing switching and leakage power dissipation, (ii) poor leakage tolerance of large-signal cache arrays and register files, and (iii) worsening global on-chip interconnect scaling trend, are described.
Who is an interventional cardiologist? (1997)

The following is a position statement from the Interventional Cardiology Committee of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 41:120–123, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Molecular Analysis for Art, Archaeometry and Conservation (2013)

This Editorial introduces the web collection on Molecular Analysis for Art, Archaeometry and Conservation, guest edited by Francesca Casadio and Richard Van Duyne. Molecular Analysis for Art, Archaeometry and Conservation
Metasurface on silicon photonics for beam steering and focusing (2021)

We demonstrate a platform of metasurface on silicon photonics to exploit both the guided and radiative modes. We report examples including waveguide-fed metalenses, mode size converters for millimeter-size emission, and compact 2D beam steerers.
Trajectory Optimization for Manipulation of Deformable Objects: Assembly of Belt Drive Units (2021)

This paper presents a novel trajectory optimization formulation to solve the robotic assembly of the belt drive unit. Robotic manipulations involving contacts and deformable objects are challenging in both dynamic modeling and trajectory planning. For modeling, variations in the belt tension and contact forces between the belt and the pulley could dramatically change the system dynamics. For trajectory planning, it is computationally expensive to plan trajectories for such hybrid dynamical systems as it usually requires planning for discrete modes separately. In this work, we formulate the belt drive unit assembly task as a trajectory optimization problem with complementarity constraints to avoid explicitly imposing contact mode sequences. The problem is solved as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC) to obtain feasible and efficient assembly trajectories. We validate the proposed method both in simulations with a physics engine and in real-world experiments with a robotic manipulator.
Isothermal propagation of martensite in Y2O3-partially stabilized zirconia ceramics. (1986)

The authors have experimentally found that the martensitic transformation propagates isothermally during aging the 2.2 and 5.0 mol%-PSZ ceramics in the temperature range about 423-628 K after being sintered at 1873 K in air. As a result of this experiment, it was suggested that the so-called degradation of Y2O3-PSZ ceramics occurring at temperature around 473 K is mainly due to the microcrack propagation induced by the expansion of isothermally produced martensite. To make clear the mechanism of the isothermal propagation of martensite, which is first formed at the specimen surface region and then propagates into the interior, the authors proposed a model which can explain the C-type behaviour of time-temperaturetransformation diagram obtained in this experiment. Since the following three factors, (i) sintering temperature, (ii) circumstance and (iii) the diffusibility of oxygen ions, are thought to have an important effect upon the C-curves, these problems must be experimentally studied hereafter.
Lab-on-a-chip workshop activities for secondary school students (2016)

The ability to engage and inspire younger generations in novel areas of science is important for bringing new researchers into a burgeoning field, such as lab-on-a-chip. We recently held a lab-on-a-chip workshop for secondary school students, for which we developed a number of hands-on activities that explained various aspects of microfluidic technology, including fabrication (milling and moulding of microfluidic devices, and wax printing of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, so-called μPADs), flow regimes (gradient formation via diffusive mixing), and applications (tissue analysis and μPADs). Questionnaires completed by the students indicated that they found the workshop both interesting and informative, with all activities proving successful, while providing feedback that could be incorporated into later iterations of the event.
Nonradiative Fraction in Photopolymerization Analysis of Thick Negative Photoresist Film Using Photocalorimetry (2004)

Photopolymerization kinetics of thick aqeous-developable negative photoresist film was studied using photo-DSC in order to correct the background properly. We compared the heat fraction from ingredients in photopolymer. Thus, we confirmed that the typically used second scan method will derive overestimation of photochemical conversion, using the photobleachable aminobenzophenone photosensitizer. In the case of benzildimethylketal formulation, the second scan method will derive underestimation due to photocoloring. In order to solve this problem, we devised a background correction method using a dummy formulation and demonstrated that this method will improve the quantitative analyses using photo-DSC.
Supplementary Table 1 from Construction and Characterization of Novel, Recombinant Immunotoxins Targeting the <i>Her2/neu</i> Oncogene Product: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Studies (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Construction and Characterization of Novel, Recombinant Immunotoxins Targeting the &lt;i&gt;Her2/neu&lt;/i&gt; Oncogene Product: &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Studies
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF FLAVIPUCINE ANALOGS (1980)

Abstract Die Carbonsäureester (I) werden in die Ketoaldehyde (V) übergeführt, die mit dem Pyridon (VI) die Acyloine (VII) bilden.
Corrigendum to: ‘ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012’ [Eur J Heart Fail 2012;14: 803–869] (2013)

In the table on page 827, the text 'should not be used' should read 'are not recommended' in two instances. These occur in rows 1 and 2. In row 3, the text 'should be avoided if possible' should be changed to 'are not recommended'. Row 3 should read 'NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors are not recommended as they may cause sodium and water retention . . .
Scheduling multithreaded computations by work stealing (1999)

This paper studies the problem of efficiently schedulling fully strict (i.e., well-structured) multithreaded computations on parallel computers. A popular and practical method of scheduling this kind of dynamic MIMD-style computation is “work stealing,” in which processors needing work steal computational threads from other processors. In this paper, we give the first provably good work-stealing scheduler for multithreaded computations with dependencies. Specifically, our analysis shows that the expected time to execute a fully strict computation on P processors using our work-stealing scheduler is T 1 / P + O ( T ∞ , where T 1 is the minimum serial execution time of the multithreaded computation and ( T ∞ is the minimum execution time with an infinite number of processors. Moreover, the space required by the execution is at most S 1 P , where S 1 is the minimum serial space requirement. We also show that the expected total communication of the algorithm is at most O ( PT ∞ ( 1 + n d ) S max ), where S max is the size of the largest activation record of any thread and n d is the maximum number of times that any thread synchronizes with its parent. This communication bound justifies the folk wisdom that work-stealing schedulers are more communication efficient than their work-sharing counterparts. All three of these bounds are existentially optimal to within a constant factor.
Selection of a Full Agonist Combinatorial Antibody that Rescues Leptin Deficiency In Vivo (2020)

Growth factor deficiency in adulthood constitutes a distinct clinical syndrome with significant morbidities including abnormal body composition, reduced energy, affective disturbances, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Protein replacement therapies using recombinant proteins or enzymes represent the only approved treatment. Combinatorial antibodies have shown great promise as a new class of therapeutic molecules because they act as "mechanism-based antibodies" with both agonist and antagonist activities. Using leptin, a key hormone in energy metabolism, as an example, a function-guided approach is developed to select combinatorial antibodies with high potency and full agonist activity that substitute natural growth factors in vivo. The identified antibody shows identical biochemical properties and cellular profiles as leptin, and rescues leptin-deficiency in ob/ob mice. Remarkably, the antibody activates leptin receptors that are otherwise nonfunctional because of mutations (L372A and A409E). Combinatorial antibodies have significant advantages over recombinant proteins for chronical usage in terms of immunological tolerance and biological stability.
Treatment with RHO kinase inhibitor Y27632 results in decreased lung branching morphogenesis (2000)

Moore, Kimberly A M.D.; Kong, Yanping M.D., Ph.D.; Huang, Sui M.D., Ph.D.; Sunday, Mary M.D., Ph.D.; Ingber, Donald E M.D. Ph.D. Author Information
Sistema de interacción con la ECU de un automóvil empleando procesamiento de lenguaje natural (2015)

En este trabajo se realiza una breve revisión general acerca de las oportunidades y desafíos que presenta la intención de la industria de sumar a Internet objetos de la vida cotidiana. Esta tendencia denominada Internet de las Cosas, implica cambios en el modo como las personas interactuarían con esos objetos-dispositivos-cosas. En base a la disponibilidad de datos a través de la interfaz OBD2 (On Board Diagnostics 2) presente en todos los automóviles y la masividad de las redes sociales, se propone un sistema que permita a las personas interactuar con su auto empleando lenguaje coloquial y a través de Twitter. El prototipo convierte las consultas en comandos que son dirigidos a la ECU (Electronic Control Unit) y la respuesta es traducida a lenguaje humano no experto. Empleando técnicas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (NLP) y un sistema experto, se confirma la viabilidad de estas herramientas para crear interfaces más humanas para los dispositivos. Para una siguiente etapa, se planea incorporar análisis por distancia semántica y comparación de estructura sintáctica con patrones locales.
A study of senaparib in combination with temozolomide for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors and extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. (2022)

3102 Background: Senaparib (or IMP4297) is a PARP inhibitor with a novel chemical structure. Preliminary data demonstrate senaparib has significant anti-tumor activity with good tolerability in some patients with advanced solid tumors. DNA damage caused by temozolomide, a non-classic oral alkylating agent, can sensitize tumors to the effects of PARP inhibitors. In a xenograft model, synergistic antitumor effect was observed with the combination of senaparib and temozolomide, supporting this trial (NCT04434482). Methods: This is a phase Ⅰb/Ⅱ dose-escalation and dose-expansion study. Patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled for dose escalation to evaluate the safety, tolerability using a modified “3+3” design. Low dose temozolomide (20 to 30 mg, once daily, days 1 to 21) in combination with continuous senaparib (40 to 80 mg, once daily, days 1 to 28) of each 28-day cycle was evaluated. Dose expansion will establish anti-tumor activity and safety of the combination in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Results: A total of 14 patients were enrolled for dose escalation as follows: Cohort 1 (1 patient; senaparib 40 mg plus temozolomide 20 mg), Cohort 2 (3 patients; senaparib 60 mg plus temozolomide 20 mg), Cohort 3 (7 patients; senaparib 80 mg plus temozolomide 20 mg), Cohort 4 (3 patients; senaparib 80 mg plus temozolomide 30 mg). One DLT (Grade 4 thrombocytopenia) was observed in Cohorts 3 and 4. The MTD and RP2D were determined as: senaparib 80 mg plus temozolomide 20 mg. Anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were the only Grade ≥3 TEAEs occurring in &gt; 1 patient. All AEs were manageable, and no treatment related deaths were reported. The ORR was observed in 3 of 12 (25.0%) evaluable patients, including 2 confirmed PR and 1 unconfirmed PR. The DCR was 83.3% (10 of 12 evaluable patients). Two patients remain on treatment for more than 1 year. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest that low dose temozolomide (D1-21 of a 28-day cycle) in combination with continuous senaparib is generally well tolerated with encouraging anti-tumor activity. Recruitment for dose expansion for ES-ECLC patients has commenced (Sep 2021). Clinical trial information: NCT04434482.
<title>Correlation between material properties and photovoltaic performance in amorphous silicon solar cells</title> (1993)

We have focused on the i-layer material in our efforts to improve in the conversion efficiency of a-Si:H solar cells. Reductions in the defect density has been also investigated from the viewpoints of extrinsic (impurities) and intrinsic effects. The main incorporated impurity in a- Si:H is oxygen, which affects the conversion efficiency of a-Si:H solar cells by increasing the defect density and its donorlike behavior. A unified relationship can be observed among the properties of intrinsic (pure) a-Si:H. The film deposition rate plays an essential role in controlling the properties. A lower or higher deposition rate results in a narrower or wider bandgap, respectively. Therefore, the properties of a-Si:H can be controlled independent of the substrate temperature in a certain range by varying the film deposition rate. The controllability of the a-Si:H properties can be improved by applying vibrational / rotational energy to SiH<SUB>4</SUB> molecules or related radicals by heating the source gas, and a-Si:H with the same properties as the best conventional one can be deposited at a lower substrate temperature and/or a higher film deposition rate. The highest conversion efficiency of 12% for an integrated a-Si solar cell submodule of 100 cm<SUP>2</SUP> has been achieved by combining the high-quality i-layer and other technologies.
Borylation of Arenes with Bis(hexylene glycolato)diboron (2013)

A series of diolate-substituted diboron compounds were investigated as reagents for iridium-catalyzed C–H borylations of arenes. These studies showed that commercially available bis(hex­ylene glycolato)diboron reacts with arenes in the presence of the catalyst generated from [Ir(COD)OMe]<sub>2</sub> and di-<i>tert</i>-butylbipyridine. This reagent is prepared from a less expensive diol than the more commonly used bis(pinacolato)diboron reagent.
3D Atom Probe Microscopy Sample Preparation by Using L-Shape FIB-SEM-Ar Triple Beam (2014)

3D atom probe microscopy (3DAPM) is used as the technique of analyzing the three-dimensional information including chemical composition and atomic structure with near atomic-scale resolution [1]. The near atomic-scale resolution is realized by extracting atoms on a sample surface one by one with electric field evaporation. The needle-like sample with a tip diameter of about 50 nm is required in order to apply the local high electric field to the sample surface.
Multiparametric MRI and 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT for detection of locally recurrent prostate cancer after low dose rate brachytherapy (2020)

Abstract Background and purpose: Both multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) imaging have shown promise in early localization of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence after primary external beam radiotherapy. Detecting recurrence after brachytherapy for PCa using MRI is significantly hampered by susceptibility artifacts secondary to brachy seeds. Here, we compare the efficacy of 18 F-DCFPyL (2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6- 18 F-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid) PET/CT versus mpMRI for detecting sites of local recurrence after low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Materials and methods: A total of 155 patients with a history of recurrent PCa who underwent mpMRI at 3 Tesla and 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who underwent LDR brachytherapy for PCa and had subsequent biochemical recurrence (BCR) followed by mpMRI and 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT were included in this study. mpMRI was performed on a 3T scanner with endorectal and surface coils and images were prospectively read by a single expert radiologist. The 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT scan was prospectively interpreted by one of two nuclear medicine physicians. Patients underwent targeted biopsy when deemed clinically necessary and specimens were interpreted by an expert GU pathologist. Positivity rates (PR) from mpMRI and 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT were compared, and pathology results were used to calculate the positive predictive value (PPV) of each imaging modality for detecting PCa recurrence. Results: 15 patients who underwent LDR brachytherapy and had subsequent biochemical failure were imaged with mpMRI and 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT. 18 non-lymph node lesions were identified on at least one imaging modality. The PR for detection of intraprostatic lesions was 60% (9/15) for both PET/CT and mpMRI, with 3 prostate lesions detected by only one modality. 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT identified pelvic and extra-pelvic lymph nodes in 8 (53%) patients, while mpMRI noted positive lymph node findings in only 2 (13%) patients. A total of 15 lesions corresponding to 9 patients were targeted for biopsy. The PPV of 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT and mpMRI for the detection of local recurrence were 84.6% and 71.4%, respectively. For the detection of intraprostatic lesions, 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT and mpMRI had a PPV of 87.5% and 71.4%, respectively. Conclusion: This case series analysis suggests that 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT may detect local and regional recurrent PCa after LDR brachytherapy at a higher rate than mpMRI and that it has the potential to detect suspicious pelvic lymph nodes at a much higher rate. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in larger cohorts.