gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential of computer‐aided diagnosis of high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI in the classification of breast lesions (2013)

CADx of HiSS (without contrast) performed similarly to CADx on clinical DCE-MRI; thus, computerized analysis of HiSS may provide sufficient information for diagnostic classification. The results are clinically important for patients in whom contrast agent is contra-indicated. Even in the limited acquisition mode of 2D single slice HiSS, by using quantitative image analysis to extract characteristics from the HiSS images, similar performance levels were obtained as compared with those from current clinical 4D DCE-MRI. As HiSS acquisitions become possible in 3D, CADx methods can also be applied. Because HiSS and DCE-MRI are based on different contrast mechanisms, the use of the two protocols in combination may increase diagnostic accuracy.
Session 5 Detectors, sensors and displays &#8212; Solid-state sensors and displays (1985)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of α-Ketoamides as Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Coronavirus and Enterovirus Replication: Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Activity Assessment. (2020)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: α-Ketoamides as Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Coronavirus and Enterovirus Replication: Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Activity Assessment.
Improvement of the CMOS characteristics of bulk Si FinFETs by high temperature ion implantation (2016)

For the first time, we have established a replacement metal gate complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process flow for the high temperature ion implantation of bulk Si fin field-effect-transistors on a 45-nm fin pitch design rule, using high temperature spin-on-carbon hard mask and a dedicated patterning process. In this paper, the advantages of high temperature ion implantation and a detailed process flow of the dedicated patterning are explained. Electrical characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors and ring oscillators are evaluated.
Adsorption of Keggin-Type Polyoxometalates on Rh Metal Particles under Reductive Conditions (2021)

The adsorption of POMs on Rh/SiO<sub>2</sub> in water solvent under strongly reductive conditions was investigated. Aqueous solutions of α-Keggin type silicotungstate and silicovanadotungstates were mixed with Rh/SiO<sub>2</sub> at 393-473 K under 1 MPa of H<sub>2</sub>. Monovanadium-substituted silicotungstate, α-SiVW<sub>11</sub>O<sub>40</sub><sup>5-</sup> (SiVW<sub>11</sub>), was more readily adsorbed than nonsubstituted silicotungstate, α-SiW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub><sup>4-</sup> (SiW<sub>12</sub>). After adsorption at 433 K, SiVW<sub>11</sub> was desorbed from Rh/SiO<sub>2</sub> by oxidation with Br<sub>2</sub> water without change of the Keggin structure, as evidenced by <sup>51</sup>V NMR. Trivanadium-substituted silicotungstate, α-1,2,3-SiV<sub>3</sub>W<sub>9</sub>O<sub>40</sub><sup>7-</sup>, was not stable, and the desorbed species from Rh/SiO<sub>2</sub> by oxidation with Br<sub>2</sub> did not maintain the Keggin structure. The very high temperature for adsorption (473 K) also led to the decomposition of the Keggin structure of SiVW<sub>11</sub>. An increase in the concentration of SiVW<sub>11</sub> in the liquid phase gave a saturation of the amount of desorbable SiVW<sub>11</sub>, up to five SiVW<sub>11</sub> anions per one Rh particle with a 3 nm size. The elemental analysis and W L<sub>3</sub>-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure of Rh/SiO<sub>2</sub> after the adsorption of SiVW<sub>11</sub> showed that a part of SiVW<sub>11</sub> was decomposed and irreversibly adsorbed as metallic W species incorporated into the surface of Rh metal particles. The amount of decomposed SiVW<sub>11</sub> was almost the same as that of SiVW<sub>11</sub> adsorbed as the original Keggin structure. The desorbable SiVW<sub>11</sub> was probably bonded on the W atom incorporated on the Rh metal particles as the two-electron-reduced form (α-SiV<sup>III</sup>W<sub>11</sub>O<sub>40</sub><sup>7-</sup>).
Room Temperature Stable Perfluorocarbon Emulsions with Acceptable Half-Lives in the Reticuloendothelial System (1994)

Prolonged room temperature stability (i.e. zero particle growth) can be achieved for concentrated emulsions of perflubron (perfluorooctyl bromide) or perfluorodecalin via addition of a secondary high molecular weight, lipophilic fluorocarbon component. Due to their enhanced lipophilic character, the secondary fluorocarbon components have acceptable half-lives in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system.
The Role of Protein Kinase C Signaling in Activated DRA Transcription (1998)

Expression of human MHC HLA-DRA class II gene can be up-regulated in B cells by Ig cross-linking as well as by phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Induced DRA expression involves activation of restricted protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, resulting in activated activator protein-1-dependent transcription. In this report expression profiles and activation of PKC were analyzed in human Raji B lymphoblastoid cells. Transient transfection analysis with target plasmids containing either DRA promoter (wild-type or mutated) or TPA response elements demonstrated that pretreatment with the selective PKC inhibitor GF 109203X repressed TPA-mediated activation. Western analysis performed on cellular fractions of resting cells and of TPA-activated cells revealed abundant expression of classical PKC-alpha (cPKC-alpha), cPKC-betaII, and atypical PKC-zeta isoforms and identified a sustained translocation of cPKC-alpha and cPKC-betaII from the cytosolic compartment to membranes. As expected, the distribution of atypical PKC-zeta was unaffected by TPA treatment and displayed an even distribution between cytosol and membranes. This finding was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. The TPA-mediated translocation of cPKC-alpha and cPKC-betaII was not influenced by pretreatment with GF 109203X. Finally, functional activation and translocation of PKC were investigated with a selective in vitro kinase assay. Together, these results show that activated HLA-DRA expression in response to TPA treatment is strictly dependent on PKC activation acting on the X2 box of the DRA promoter and that selective inhibition of PKC enzymatic activity does not influence subcellular localization of expressed PKC isoenzymes. Thus, the translocation event per se occurs independently of PKC activation in these cells.
LQG Control via Wireless Sensor Networks with Minimal Transmission Power (2018)

This study concerns control of dynamical systems via wireless sensor nodes with minimal transmission power. In particular, we jointly design a controller and a transmission power control mechanism that adjusts the transmit power of a wireless sensor node. We develop a framework for achieving the minimum expected transmit power required for a specific level of the LQG control performance. We model the communication channel between the wireless sensor node and the controller by an AWGN channel compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which was formed for the specification of low-data-rate and low-power wireless communication. We use dynamic programming to characterize the optimal policies, and show that there exists a separation between the designs of the optimal estimator, optimal controller, and optimal transmission power control mechanism.
Analysis of solution polybutadiene polymerizations performed with a neodymium catalyst (2010)

Abstract This article is regarding the polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene with a neodymium catalyst activated by diisobutylaluminum‐hydride and diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC). The effects of the polymerization conditions (ratio between DEAC and neodymium molar concentrations, polymerization temperature, catalyst concentration, and butadiene concentration) on the polymer yield and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polybutadiene (PB) samples were evaluated. It is shown that the DEAC/Nd ratio and the polymerization temperature are the reaction variables that influence the MWD and the catalyst performance most significantly. PBs with broad and sometimes bimodal MWD were produced at the analyzed reaction conditions. For this reason, the MWD of the obtained polymer materials was deconvoluted with the help of the Flory most probable distribution, indicating that three or more catalyst sites are required to explain the final MWD of the polymer samples. Finally, it was observed that the analyzed neodymium catalyst is able to produce branched PBs at mild reaction conditions and that the branching frequency depends on the polymerization conditions, which may be useful for development of operation policies at plant site and production of materials with improved performances. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol (2020)

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
Metal contamination of in situ caged Gammarus fossarum as an indicator to predict ecological disturbance: a national scale case-study (2015)

Comprehension and prediction of ecological effects related to environmental contamination calls for improvement of risk assessment approaches and validation of existing methods. As regards to metals, the prediction of ecological disturbance through the assessment of bioavailability is limited to the use of approaches not successfully validated in situ. Metal-related risk assessments should integrate results from field studies about the relationship between bioavailable concentrations and ecological response. In this aim, 1/ biota (which reflect bioaccumulation and bioavailability) should be used to estimate water contamination level, and 2/ the relationship between concentrations in biota and ecological response should be characterised. The validation of this approach at a wide scale could reveal the existence of a universal threshold for metal concentrations in a given biomonitor above which adverse ecological effects appear.\nPrevious studies mainly rely on passive biomonitoring: the presence of the test organism is required in situ and the influence of confusing factors may be neglected. Active biomonitoring with transplanted organisms collected from the same population enables to overcome these drawbacks. Our work aimed at calibrating the active biomonitor Gammarus fossarum by relating the concentrations measured in in situ caged organisms to local ecological indicators.\n129 sites were investigated in France, for which relevant ecological and chemical data were available. Controlled batches of gammarids were exposed during 7 days. Metals were analysed by ICP-MS (Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Ag, As, Zn, Cr, Cu) or automated AAS (Hg).\nFor most metals, bioaccumulation was significant with ratios between the lowest and the highest values related to the essential or non-essential character of the metals, confirming the relevance of this species to monitor metal contamination in freshwater systems. For all metals, results showed no relationship between bioaccumulation levels and global ecological disturbance. On the contrary, for Cd and Pb, a clear relationship was established between the concentration in caged organisms and the abundance of metal-sensitive invertebrates. Metal concentration in G. fossarum can be quantitatively related to metal-specific adverse responses in stream invertebrates. Dose-response curves, defined for each metal at the national scale, indicate that contamination measured in caged organisms could be used to manage the risk of metallic contamination.
Pi-Conjugated Molecular Nanowire Stacks Investigated by Frequency-Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in the qPlus Configuration (2009)

International audience
Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation of Arenes and a New Synthesis of Vitamin K3 (1995)

Methyltrioxorhenium(VII)-catalyzed oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene (1) with hydrogen peroxide leads to vitamin K3 (2) in good yield and high regioselectivity. The currently employed industrial synthesis of 2 with chromic acid produces 18 kg of chromium-containing waste per kg of product.
Reduction of aromatic carbonyl compounds promoted by titanium trichloride in basic media. Stereochemistry studies (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of aromatic carbonyl compounds promoted by titanium trichloride in basic media. Stereochemistry studiesAngelo Clerici and Ombretta PortaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1, 76–81Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00201a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00201a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views815Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-speed fluorescence detection of explosives vapor (1999)

High-density optical arrays of fluorescent micrometer sized sensors show promise for detecting low level vapor phase explosives and explosives-like compounds. Imaging software and a high-speed CCD detection system are used to capture changes in a temporal response pattern upon pulsatile vapor delivery to the sensors. Nitroaromatic compounds, such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 1,3-dinitrobenzene, which are often present on the solid surface above buried landmines, are used to train pattern recognition networks for vapor phase detection. We have demonstrated previously that approximately 9 ppb 2,4-DNT can be detected when signal processing schemes are employed.
Different measures of human hematopoietic cell culture performance are optimized under vastly different conditions (2000)

Hematopoiesis, the formation of mature blood cells from stem (LTC-IC) and progenitor (CFU-GM) cells in the bone marrow, is a complex tissue-forming process that leads to many important physiological functionalities. Consequently, a functioning ex vivo hematopoietic system has a variety of basic scientific and clinical uses. The design and operation of such a system presents the tissue engineer with challenges and choices. In this study, three culture variables were used to control ex vivo human hematopoiesis. Systematic variation of inoculum density (ID), medium exchange interval (MEI), and the use of preformed stroma (PFS) showed that (1) all three variables significantly influenced culture performance, (2) the three variables interacted strongly, and (3) the variables could be manipulated to achieve the optimization of different performance criteria. Donor-to-donor variability in culture performance was great at low ID but was minimized at higher ID. PFS had a large positive effect on cell and CFU-GM output at low ID, but had minimal effect at higher ID. In fact, PFS caused a decrease in LTC-IC output at high ID. The effects of PFS indicated that stromal cell elements became more limiting than proliferative cell elements as ID was reduced.In cultures without PFS, maximum cell output was obtained with high ID using a short MEI, whereas the greatest cell expansion ratio was obtained at low ID with an intermediate MEI. Maximum CFU-GM output was obtained from cultures with high ID using a short to intermediate MEI, whereas the greatest CFU-GM expansion ratio was obtained at intermediate ID with an intermediate MEI. The addition of PFS altered the locations of these maxima. In general, PFS moved the maxima to lower ID, and culture output became more sensitive to MEI. Therefore, the optimization of one performance criterion always resulted in a decline of the others. This study demonstrates that ex vivo tissue function is sensitive to many culture variables in an interactive fashion and that systematic multivariable studies are required to characterize tissue function. Once the effects of individual variables and their interactions are known, this knowledge can be used to optimize tissue performance with respect to desired criteria.
Airway and inflammatory profile of ORL rats: An asthma phenotype? (2011)

Introduction: The ORL rat is a Long Evans substrain with inherited cryptorchidism. We have observed respiratory distress and wheezing in a subset of this strain but no respiratory phenotype is available. Objective: We hypothesized that ORL rats would exhibit airway responsiveness (AR) associated with inflammation. To address this question, we investigated whether respiratory mechanics and biomarkers of inflammation in these rats would be different at baseline (BL) or during methacholine (MCh) challenge induced constriction. Material and methods: Long Evans WT (n=9) and ORL (n=14) rats were anesthetized, tracheostomized, placed in a plethysmograph (Buxco, Rodent RC Site), mechanically ventilated and challenged with 0.3 to 12.5 mg/ml of aerosolized MCh. We calculated resistance (R) and compliance (C), and lung tissue homogenates were assayed for IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α using ELISA; quantitative histomorphometry is ongoing. We performed 2-way ANOVA of physiological outcomes and inflammatory markers. Results: Respiratory challenges with MCh increased R and decreased C as a function of dose and group (WT vs. ORL), ORL rats had increased (p= Conclusions: ORL rats compared with WT rats were significantly more responsive to MCh challenges, indicated large and small airway reactivity and exhibited decreased expression of IL-6 and IL-4 in lung tissue. The observed respiratory reactivity in this strain of ORL rats may provide a genetic animal model for the study of asthma and associated genetic/hormonal/environmental factors.
Full field-of-view digital lens-free holography for weak-scattering objects based on grating modulation (2017)

Grating-based single-shot digital lens-free holography with spatial spectral multiplexing is proposed to realize full field-of-view (FOV) imaging for weak-scattering objects. Multiple object waves are generated by a one-dimensional grating that is placed in near contact with the object to avoid the cross talk among different diffraction orders during reconstruction. A multiplexed off-axis hologram is created by interference between the object waves and reference wave and captured by an image sensor in one shot. Multiple imaging areas corresponding to the captured object waves can be simultaneously retrieved during reconstruction. A formula which guarantees full FOV imaging without cross talk or information loss is presented. The imaging experiments of a USAF resolution target are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.
Nanoparticles containing a combination of a drug and an antibody for the treatment of breast cancer brain metastases (2020)

In women with human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, the improved control of systemic disease with new therapies has unmasked brain metastases that historically would have remained clinically silent. The efficacy of therapeutic agents against brain metastases is limited by their inability to permeate the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers (BBB and BTB) in therapeutic amounts. Here, we investigate the potential of mucic acid-based, targeted nanoparticles designed to transcytose the BBB/BTB to deliver a small molecule drug, camptothecin (CPT), and therapeutic antibody, Herceptin, to brain metastases in mice. Treatment with BBB-targeted combination CPT/Herceptin nanoparticles significantly inhibits tumor growth compared to free CPT/Herceptin and BBB-targeted nanoparticles carrying CPT alone. Though not as efficacious, BBB-targeted nanoparticles carrying only Herceptin also elicit considerable antitumor activity. These results demonstrate the potential of the targeted nanoparticle system for the delivery of an antibody alone or in combination with other drugs across the BBB/BTB to improve the therapeutic outcome.