gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of rat B cell differentiation in vivo by the administration of an anti-mu monoclonal antibody (1996)

We have previously described that the administration of an anti-mu mAb to adult rats results in the total depletion of circulating IgM. In the present study we analyzed the cellular mechanisms involved in the depletion of circulating IgM by the administration of an anti-mu mAb to adult rats. Administration of an anti-mu mAb to adult rats led to the cross-linking and internalization of membrane IgM (mIgM) but not mIgD on the surface of B cells. This correlated with the depletion in spleen and bone marrow of immature and short-lived Thy-1+ CD45RB+ B cells and with the specific depletion of the number of IgM but not IgA-, IgG1-, IgG2a-, and IgG2b-secreting cells in the spleen, which paralleled the depletion of circulating IgM but not IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b. In contrast to the other IgG subclasses, IgG2c-secreting cells as well as circulating IgG2c were increased by 10-fold in anti-mu-treated rats as compared with controls. Finally, anti-mu-treated rats showed an inhibition in the generation of primary thymus-dependent as well as thymus-independent Ab responses as compared with controls. In conclusion, the data presented suggests that anti-mu administration in adult rats results in the early arrest of B cell differentiation in the bone marrow, which causes the down-regulation of IgM production. Furthermore, anti-mu mAb administration directly or indirectly activates a particular subset of mature B cells, which differentiates into IgG2c-secreting cells.
Snapshot Compressive Imaging: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications (2021)

Capturing high-dimensional (HD) data is a long-term challenge in signal processing and related fields. Snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) uses a 2D detector to capture HD (≥3D) data in a snapshot measurement. Via novel optical designs, the 2D detector samples the HD data in a compressive manner; following this, algorithms are employed to reconstruct the desired HD data cube. SCI has been used in hyperspectral imaging, video, holography, tomography, focal depth imaging, polarization imaging, microscopy, and so on. Although the hardware has been investigated for more than a decade, the theoretical guarantees have only recently been derived. Inspired by deep learning, various deep neural networks have also been developed to reconstruct the HD data cube in spectral SCI and video SCI. This article reviews recent advances in SCI hardware, theory, and algorithms, including both optimizationbased and deep learning-based algorithms. Diverse applications and the outlook for SCI are also discussed.
Improved Vim targeting for focused ultrasound ablation treatment of essential tremor: A probabilistic and patient‐specific approach (2020)

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation of the ventral intermediate (Vim) thalamic nucleus is an incisionless treatment for essential tremor (ET). The standard initial targeting method uses an approximate, atlas-based stereotactic approach. We developed a new patient-specific targeting method to identify an individual's Vim and the optimal MRgFUS target region therein for suppression of tremor. In this retrospective study of 14 ET patients treated with MRgFUS, we investigated the ability of WMnMPRAGE, a highly sensitive and robust sequence for imaging gray matter-white matter contrast, to identify the Vim, FUS ablation, and a clinically efficacious region within the Vim in individual patients. We found that WMnMPRAGE can directly visualize the Vim in ET patients, segmenting this nucleus using manual or automated segmentation capabilities developed by our group. WMnMPRAGE also delineated the ablation's core and penumbra, and showed that all patients' ablation cores lay primarily within their Vim segmentations. We found no significant correlations between standard ablation features (e.g., ablation volume, Vim-ablation overlap) and 1-month post-treatment clinical outcome. We then defined a group-based probabilistic target, which was nonlinearly warped to individual brains; this target was located within the Vim for all patients. The overlaps between this target and patient ablation cores correlated significantly with 1-month clinical outcome (r = -.57, p = .03), in contrast to the standard target (r = -.23, p = .44). We conclude that WMnMPRAGE is a highly sensitive sequence for segmenting Vim and ablation boundaries in individual patients, allowing us to find a novel tremor-associated center within Vim and potentially improving MRgFUS treatment for ET.
SESAM and Gain Chip Optimization Leading to a Record Performance of an Ultrafast Electrically Pumped VECSEL (2014)

With an improved gain chip and SESAM we set new benchmarks for modelocked electrically pumped VECSELs, i.e. shortest pulses (2.47 ps), highest average power (53.2 mW), peak power (4.7 W) and repetition rate (18.2 GHz).
Dicarboxylic Acid Separation by Dynamic and Size‐Matched Recognition in Solution and in the Solid State (2017)

Abstract Bis(trimethylammonium) alkane diiodides dynamically encapsulate dicarboxylic acids through intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the I − anions of the hosts and the carboxylic OH groups of the guests. A selective recognition is realized when the size of the I − ⋅⋅⋅HOOC(CH 2 /CF 2 ) n COOH⋅⋅⋅I − superanion matches the dication alkyl chain length. Dynamic recognition is also demonstrated in solution, where the presence of the size‐matching organic salt boosts the acid solubility profile, thus allowing efficient mixture separation.
Mechanisms of escaping cellular senescence (1995)

Abstract The two‐stage model of cellular senescence, M1 (mortality stage 1) and M2 (mortality stage 2), represents independent mechanisms limiting the proliferative capacity of normal somatic cells. The cellular proteins p53 and either pRB or an RB‐like activity appear to be important in the inhibition of cell proliferation that occurs when the M1 mechanism is activated. Because telomeres (the ends of chromosomes) shorten progressively with each cell division in normal somatic cells, it has been proposed that telomere attrition is the molecular measure (clock) of the proliferative potential remaining in cells. However, the M1 mechanism is activated when there are several kilobases of telomeric repeats left; thus, presently, it is not understood how or if telomere shortening controls the onset of the M1 mechanism. In the presence of viral oncogenes or somatic mutations that block cellular senescence, cells divide beyond M1 (extension of life span), and telomere erosion continues. This process persists until a second independent mechanism, M2, is activated, again resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation. The M2 mechanism may result from terminal telomere shortening, when there are so few telomeric repeats remaining that cells either stop dividing or die. In tumor‐derived cell lines, telomeres do not continue to shorten and are maintained by the ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase. In almost all normal human somatic cells, telomerase activity is repressed. A hypothesis that is gaining momentum is that a rare cell escapes M2 by inactivating the pathway repressing telomerase. The reactivation of telomerase may be a necessary event for the sustained growth of most human tumors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inertial electrostatic confinement I(IEC) neutron sources (1995)

Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) is one of the earliest plasma confinement concepts, having first been suggested by P.T. Farnsworth in the 1950s. The concept involves a simple apparatus of concentric spherical electrostatic grids or a combination of grids and magnetic fields. An electrostatic structure is formed from the confluence of electron or ion beams. Gridded IEC systems have demonstrated neutron yields as high as 2*10 [10]. neutrons/sec in steady state. These systems have considerable potential as small, inexpensive, portable neutron sources for assaying applications. Neutron tomography is also a potential application. This paper discusses the IEC concept and how it can be adapted to a steady-state assaying source and an intense pulsed neutron source. Theoretical modeling and experimental results are presented.
Pyramidal Image Representation In Nonuniform Systems (1988)

In this paper we present a formalism for representation and processing of images which are not band-limited. Motivated by the properties of the visual system, we elaborated an example of a sampling scheme wherein the sampling rate decreases as a function of the distance from the center of the visual field. The broader class of images under consideration, obtained by the application of an appropriate projection filter, constitutes a Reproducing Kernel space which is characterized by &quot;locally band-limited&quot; properties. Sequential half-band filtering of such images generates a pyramidal scheme in the context of nonuniform systems and images.
Continuous retrograde hypothermic low flow cerebral perfusion during aortic arch surgery (1994)

Continuous retrograde hypothermic low flow cerebral perfusion (CRCP) with deep hypothermic systemic circulatory arrest (DHSCA) during aortic arch surgery was employed in six patients, aged 21-79 years. From August 1991 to November 1992, five of these patients were operated for ascending and arch aortic dissection type I, and one patient was operated for an aneurysm extending from the ascending aorta into the arch. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) technology included a centrifugal pump and low-dose aprotinin. Venous drainage was established via the superior and inferior caval veins and arterial return via the femoral artery. Prior to CPB, a bypass line connecting the arterial line with the superior vena cava cannula was implemented. Prior to DHSCA, the patients were systemically cooled to a mean nasopharyngeal temperature of 15.2 degrees C. After induction of systemic circulatory arrest, the femoral artery cannula was clamped. Thereafter, the implemented bypass line was opened to achieve reverse flow into the superior vena cava to allow venoarterial perfusion. The perfusate was returned to the CPB circuit through drainage from the inferior caval vein and by aspiration of blood from the opened aortic arch. CRCP flow rate ranged from 250 to 450 ml/min (mean 375 ml/min) maintaining an internal jugular vein pressure between 18 and 25 mmHg. The duration of CRCP ranged from 24 to 55 minutes (mean 39 minutes). Postoperatively, one patient died of cardiac failure. The other five patients regained full consciousness without neurological deficits, as defined by the Glasgow coma score, within 48 hours after the operation. Neither did we see other major organ complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Focusing properties of near-field time reversal (2007)

A time-reversal mirror (TRM) is a plane apparatus that generates the time symmetric of a wave produced by an initial source. Here we look for the conditions to obtain subwavelength focusing when the initial source is in the near field of the TRM and the propagating medium is homogeneous and isotropic. Three variants of TRM are studied: TRM made of monopoles, dipoles, or both of them. The analysis is performed in terms of evanescent and propagative waves. We conclude that only the dipole-TRM leads to subwavelength focusing.
Grain Refinement of High-Purity FCC Metals Using Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
(2S)-2-(3-(1-Carboxy-5-(4-211At-Astatobenzamido)Pentyl)Ureido)-Pentanedioic Acid for PSMA-Targeted α-Particle Radiopharmaceutical Therapy (2016)

PSMA-targeted <sup>211</sup>At- 6: α-particle radiotherapy yielded significantly improved survival in mice bearing PC micrometastases after systemic administration. <sup>211</sup>At- 6: also showed uptake in renal proximal tubules resulting in late nephrotoxicity, highlighting the importance of long-term toxicity studies and microscale dosimetry.
IRS-Enabled Backscattering in a Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access System (2022)

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-enabled backscatter communications can be enabled by an access point (AP) that splits its transmit signal into modulated and unmodulated parts. This letter integrates non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with this method to create a two-user primary system and a secondary system of IRS data. Considering the decoding order, we maximize the rate of the strongest primary user by jointly optimizing the IRS phase shifts, power splitting (PS) factor at the AP, and NOMA power coefficients while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) for both weak user and IRS data in the primary and secondary systems, respectively. The resulting optimization problem is non-convex. Thus, we split it into three parts and develop an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm. The advantage is that we derive closed-form solutions for the PS factor and NOMA power coefficients in the first two parts. In the third part, we optimize the phase shifts by exploiting semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and penalty techniques to handle the unit-modulus constraints. This algorithm achieves substantial gains (e.g., 40--68%) compared to relevant baseline schemes.
The role of excitatory amino acid transporters in neuroprotection and neuropathology (2006)

Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory amino acid found within the CNS.This neurotransmitter has been shown to play a prominent role in development, plasticity, learning and memory.Sodium dependent glutamate transporters (EAAT1-5) facilitate termination of glutamate signaling.Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is responsible for up to 90% of all glutamate uptake and is primarily localized on astrocytes.Multiple disease states have been associated with alterations in EAAT2 expression level and function.Many studies have attempted to elevate EAAT2 expression to compensate for loss of function and expression in disease.Elevated EAAT2 expression has been noted during ischemic preconditioning (IPC) but is just one of many components altered under IPC.The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the contribution of increased astrocytic EAAT2 expression towards neuroprotection.A novel recombinant adeno-associated virus, rAAV1-GFAP-EAAT2, was designed and used to selectively increase astrocytic EAAT2 expression.Under conditions of oxygen glucose deprivation, elevated astrocytic EAAT2 expression was shown to offer neuroprotection.This approach offers the first evidence supporting sole regulation of EAAT2 expression in astrocytes and the specific role of this transporter in neuroprotection.
Characterization of nanoplasmonic structures by locally excited photoluminescence (2003)

A method is presented for the characterization of locally enhanced fields at laser-irradiated metal nanostructures. Excitation with 120 fs laser pulses gives rise to photoluminescence mediated by two-photon absorption. A metal tip used to locally scatter the photoluminescence renders a map of regions with high field strengths. Near-field photoluminescence images of particle clusters reveal the dipole nature of the electromagnetic field surrounding the particles. Spectra acquired with and without the presence of the tip show no significant shift of the surface plasmon resonance of the particle clusters, confirming that the tip acts as a passive probe.
Prognosis of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment to Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Preliminary Study (2022)

Through the statistical analysis, the group of patients who were effective in treatment had a low age at the beginning of treatment, the height of highest palatal arch point was low on CT data, and the length of distance from incisive foramen to posterior pharyngeal wall was short. It will be helpful to set the CPAP treatment patient group with respect to the results and age and CT data when treating VPI patients.
Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. 6. MTFs of II–TV digital imaging systems (1985)

We devised a new, simple technique for measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a digital imaging system by using an image of an angulated slit. With this technique, the "presampling" analog MTF, which includes the geometric unsharpness, the detector unsharpness, and the unsharpness of the sampling aperture, can be measured even beyond the Nyquist frequency. A single-frame image of a slightly angulated slit was employed in order to obtain Fourier transforms of line spread functions at different alignments. The presampling MTF was determined by averaging the two Fourier transforms which we obtained from two extreme alignments (center and shifted) of the slit relative to the sampling coordinate. The presampling MTFs of our digital subtraction angiographic system were determined in two orthogonal directions for three different image-intensifier modes.
Oils for Increased Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae to Control Whiteflies (2002)

The efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae in combination with sublethal concentrations of oils and potassium-oleate for biological control of whiteflies was tested under controlled conditions. Three commercial products (Biola ® , Naturen ® , Neudosan ® ) and five experimental formulations of plant oils were tested. The efficacy of M. anisopliae against Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci without additives was about 50%. At 1/20 of their recommended dosages, all compounds tested significantly increased the efficacy of M. anisopliae for the control of T. vaporariorum , with the formulated sunflower oil Biola ® giving the highest synergistic effect, reaching nearly 100% control. Not only was the level of control increased but also the speed of action was improved, resulting in a higher reliability of control. Three of seven additives showed no effects on the viability of conidia on the leaf surface, whereas the formulations of the other oils and oleates reduced the longevity of spores. The synergistic effect of Biola resulted from the more even distribution of M. anisopliae conidia on leaves and insects. Other positive effects of oils on the efficacy of M. anisopliae are discussed in relation to an extended spectrum of environmental conditions and pests to be controlled. Keywords: Metarhizium AnisopliaeTrialeurodes VaporariorumBemisia TabaciWhiteflyOleateSynergism
Modeling Multilayered Packages UsingtheParallel Finite Difference TimeDomain(PFDTD)Approach (2006)

Theobjective ofthis paperistopresent analternative tomatrix-based techniques, namelythe Parallel Finite Difference TimeDomain(PFDTD)method, whichenables ustosolve large (interms ofDegrees of Freedom orDOFs)andcomplex packaging problems. A test structure provided byIBM isanalyzed using the PFDTDtoillustrate its application tosuchproblems.
Nonlinear imaging of nanostructures using beams with binary phase modulation (2017)

We demonstrate nonlinear microscopy of oriented nanowires using excitation beams with binary phase modulation. A simple and intuitive optical scheme comprising a spatial light modulator gives us the possibility to control the phase across an incident Hermite-Gaussian beam of order (1,0) (HG<sub>10</sub> mode). This technique allows us to gradually vary the spatial distribution of the longitudinal electric fields in the focal volume, as demonstrated by second-harmonic generation from vertically-aligned GaAs nanowires. These results open new opportunities for the full control of polarization in the focal volume to enhance light interaction with nanostructured materials.
Transforming linear systems for joint latency and throughput optimization (2002)

We present algorithm transformations to simultaneously optimize for throughput and latency for the important case of linear time-invariant DSP systems. Although throughput alone can be arbitrarily improved using previously published techniques, none of them is effective when latency constraints are considered. We have used a state-space based approach which treats various algorithm transformations in an integrated fashion, and answers analytically whether it is possible to simultaneously meet any given combination of constraints on latency and throughput. The analytic approach is optimum and constructive in nature, and produces a complete implementation when feasibility conditions are fulfilled. We also present a sub-optimal but hardware efficient heuristic approach. On all benchmarks the new approaches show much superior results than published ones.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of Insulin and High Glucose on Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells (2015)

Our data show that insulin stimulates, and that high glucose is toxic for, IHMGECs. These results support our hypothesis that insulin resistance/deficiency and hyperglycemia are deleterious for HMGECs and may help explain why type II diabetes is a risk factor for MGD.
The Evaluation of Faster-Than-Nyquist System with THP Precoding Technology (2019)

In this paper, we evaluated an analog bandwidth limited system with faster-than-Nyquist technologies. The THP-precoding technology was applied and the simulation results show obvious improvement for digital coherent system of 800G with 64QAM modulation format.
Application of a High-Throughput Targeted Sequence AmpliSeq Procedure to Assess the Presence and Variants of Virulence Genes in Salmonella (2022)

We have developed a targeted, amplicon-based next-generation sequencing method to detect and analyze 227 virulence genes (VG) of <i>Salmonella</i> (AmpliSeq<sub>Salm_227VG</sub>) for assessing the pathogenicity potential of <i>Salmonella</i>. The procedure was developed using 80 reference genomes representing 75 epidemiologically-relevant serovars associated with human salmonellosis. We applied the AmpliSeq<sub>Salm_227VG</sub> assay to (a) 35 previously characterized field strains of <i>Salmonella</i> consisting of serovars commonly incriminated in foodborne illnesses and (b) 34 <i>Salmonella</i> strains with undisclosed serological or virulence attributes, and were able to divide <i>Salmonella</i> VGs into two groups: core VGs and variable VGs. The commonest serovars causing foodborne illnesses such as Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Heidelberg and Newport had a high number of VGs (217-227). In contrast, serovars of subspecies not commonly associated with human illnesses, such as houtenae, arizonae and salame, tended to have fewer VGs (177-195). Variable VGs were not only infrequent but, when present, displayed considerable sequence variation: <i>safC</i>, <i>sseL</i>, <i>sseD</i>, <i>sseE</i>, <i>ssaK</i> and <i>stdB</i> showed the highest variation and were linked to strain pathogenicity. In a chicken infection model, VGs belonging to <i>rfb</i> and <i>sse</i> operons showed differences and were linked with pathogenicity. The high-throughput, targeted NGS-based AmpliSeq<sub>Salm_227VG</sub> procedure provided previously unknown information about variation in select virulence genes that can now be applied to a much larger population of <i>Salmonella</i> for evaluating pathogenicity of various serovars of <i>Salmonella</i> and for risk assessment of foodborne salmonellosis.
The Compressed X.509 Certificate Format (2010)

This note defines the Compressed X.509 Format (CXF), a compact format
for X.509 certificates and CRLs, and a way to translate between the
compact format and standard X.509 encoding. The translation consists
of the lossless compression algorithm DEFLATE with a particular
predefined dictionary. Protocol bindings for TLS and IKE are
designated. This format is useful in a constrained environment, where
bandwidth and/or storage is low, and it preserves interoperability
with standards-compliant X.509 certificates and the systems for
certificate processing, issuance, and management.