gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Alveolar Macrophage Gene Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains H37Ra and H37Rv (2008)

H37Rv and H37Ra have been widely used as models of virulent and avirulent strains, respectively, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Since the sequencing of H37Rv, microarrays have been used to investigate gene expression of M. tuberculosis strains under various conditions, and to compare gene expression of specific isolates of the organism. Because differences in the virulence of these organisms could also be manifest via their differential induction of host genes, we used Affymetrix Human Genome Arrays U133A and U133B to evaluate human alveolar macrophage (AM) responses to infection with H37Rv and H37Ra. H37Rv altered expression of far more genes than did H37Ra. Moreover, the genes induced by H37Rv to a greater extent than by H37Ra were predominantly associated with the development of effective immunity. H37Rv markedly increased expression of IL-23 p19, whereas neither organism significantly induced IL-12 p35 expression. Quantitative PCR confirmed that H37Rv induced significantly more AM p19 expression than did H37Ra. After low-level infection of both AM and peripheral blood monocytes (MN) with H37Rv, neither cell type produced IL-12 (by ELISA). In contrast, AM displayed significant IL-23 production in response to H37Rv, whereas MN did not. Our findings thus suggest an important role for IL-23 in human host responses to pulmonary infection with M. tuberculosis, and are consistent with epidemiologic and genetic studies that imply that H37Rv may not have unusual capacity to cause human disease.
Tutorials (2021)

The tutorials presented at ICWSM 2013 included Advanced Methods for Collecting Social Science Data in the Social Media Field, presented by Riki Conrey; Information-Theoretic Tools for Social Media Analysis, presented by Greg Ver Steeg and Aram Galstyan; Crisis Mapping, Citizen Sensing, and Social Media Analytics: Leveraging Citizen Roles for Crisis Response, presented by Amit Sheth, Patrick Meier, Carlos Castillo, and Hemant Purohit; Multiple Network Models for Complex Online Social Network Analysis, presented by Matteo Magnani and Luca Rossi; and Pulse of Virtual Worlds: Behavioral Mining and SNA in Massive Online Games, presented by Muhammad Ahmad and Jaideep Srivastava.
Editorial: Chronic orofacial pain (2023)

EDITORIAL article Front. Pain Res., 04 January 2023Sec. Pharmacological Treatment of Pain Volume 3 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2022.1086256
Predominant use of a T-cell receptor V beta gene family in simian immunodeficiency virus Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a rhesus monkey (1992)

To explore the structural basis for AIDS virus recognition by CD8+ lymphocytes, we sought to determine whether there is a diverse or restricted usage of T-cell receptors (TCR) by simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac) Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the rhesus monkey. Six Gag-specific CTL clones were independently generated from an SIVmac-infected rhesus monkey. All six CTL clones recognized a single SIVmac Gag peptide in association with a single major histocompatibility complex class I gene product, Mamu-A*01. TCR alpha-chain sequences from these six CTL clones employed four different V alpha families and five different J alpha gene segments. In contrast, five of the six CTL clones expressed V beta genes that were members of the same family, a human V beta 23 homolog. Furthermore, only one J beta gene was expressed by four of the six CTL clones. These results indicate that TCR of SIVmac Gag-specific CTL from a rhesus monkey can exhibit a restricted usage of V beta gene families and J beta genes.
91 Shorter stature in women is a driver of sex-differences in the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Altered ventricular-vascular coupling (VVC) is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Arterial elastance (Ea), an integral component of VVC, has a static and pulsatile component which could be affected by the physical differences in men and women. We hypothesised differences in height may explain some of the sex-differences in pulsatile load, which has been linked to the development of HFpEF. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively analysed echocardiographic data from a large prospective community study of people aged &gt;60 years. Height, arterial elastance (Ea), the pulsatile and static components of Ea (total arterial compliance (TAC) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), were calculated and compared between the sexes and across three groups: HFpEF, hypertensive (HTN) controls, and healthy controls. <h3>Results</h3> There were 142 HFpEF patients (73±7 years, 74% female), 725 HTN controls (70±7 years, 49% female) and 205 healthy controls (67±5 years, 59% female) (Table 1). There was a significant correlation between TAC and height in the participants as a group (r=0.218, p&lt;0.001; Figure 1A). By sex-groups, a correlation between TAC and height was seen in HTN men only (r=0.149; p=0.004; Figure 1B), with no correlation seen in women (r=0.068, p=0.106; Figure 1C). Height was only an independent predictor of TAC when controlling for sex in HTN controls (β=0.11, p=0.047). Women were shorter than men (p&lt;0.001 for all groups) and had significantly higher Ea and lower TAC, except in the HFpEF group. Men with HFpEF were shorter than male healthy controls (p&lt;0.05). In healthy men and men with hypertension, taller stature was associated with lower Ea and TAC (β=0.125, p=0.019). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Women have significantly higher Ea and lower TAC. In both men and women with hypertension, a taller stature was independently associated with reduced pulsatile arterial load and Ea. Women are more susceptible to the deleterious effects of low TAC, which may partly explain the sex differences in the prevalence of HFpEF. <h3>Conflict of Interest</h3> None
Impact of enzymatically synthesized aliphatic–aromatic polyesters with increased hydroxyl group content on coating properties (2022)

Abstract Nowadays, coating systems have to fulfill a wide range of requirements. In addition to mechanical properties such as hardness and elasticity, resistance and weatherability, specifically corrosion or chemical resistance are also important. Increasing attention is also being paid to points such as the use of sustainable reactants or the energy optimization of synthesis processes. 1 The use of enzymes in the synthetic processes offers two main advantages: firstly, reaction temperatures can be significantly reduced, for example in the production of polyesters, and as a result and a major advantage, certain functional groups can be selectively retained during the reaction. 2,3 Thus, for example, aromatic hydroxyl groups can be obtained, while aliphatic groups are esterified. 4,5 This allows the preparation of polyesters that do not only have terminal OH groups, but hydroxyl groups within the chain that can act as additional crosslinking points during network formation or as adhesion-promoting groups. 6,7 In this work, the influence of such an aliphatic–aromatic polyester, produced enzymatically at low temperatures, on the coating properties is investigated when using different hardener components. Coating formulations were created, and the required OH functionality and the hydroxyl number of the enzymatic polyester have been calculated by using two different, independent methods. Besides the development of guide formulations, the unique mechanical properties of coatings based on the enzymatic polyester were studied. In addition to comparative analysis of network densities, the coatings were also investigated by IR spectroscopy in order to assess the network formation reaction spectroscopically. It can be shown that additional OH groups in the polyester chain increase the network density, but this is not at the expense of elasticity. Thus, enzymatically produced polyesters combine the advantages of low reaction temperatures during production with a unique property profile due to aliphatic and aromatic moieties as well as the partial preservation of OH groups within the chain.
A Compact Memory-Merged Vector-Matching Circuitry for Neuron-MOS Associative Processor (1999)

Introduction Maximum likelih od search or th template matchtc is one of th most essential operations in data processing such as image compression, image recognition, and soforth It also plays an important role in neural computation like KohP##b8 self-organization maps. Such operation,h wever, is computationally extremely expensive for general purpose computerswhp th number of templates becomes very large, making its realtime application unrealistic. In order to solveth problem, th introduction ofhbEA are parallelism for th maximum likelih od search is most essential. Forth0 reason, a number ofhbE9 are accelerators were developed usingboth digital [1], [2], and analog techcbPflfl#A [3]--[7]. We developed neuron-MOS(#MOS)[8] association hiat are for real-time event recognition in a fully par- Manuscript received January 25, 1999. Manuscript revised March 29, 1999. + Theaut9@ iswit tt Graduat School of Engineering, Departee t ofElectDH5 En
Biomonitoring metals in leeches (Hirudinaria manillensis): a step towards its immediate application in traditional medical treatments (2014)

Leech Saliva Extract (LSE) has been known to possess wide range of biological activities such as antithrombin, antidiabitic and anticancer. The natural bioactive peptides and proteins found in LSE are promising active pharmaceutical ingredient to develop new therapeutic pharmaceutical formulations. Those formulations can provide benefits for health and environmental safety by applying green production procedure. The traces of heavy metals were investigated in the tissues and saliva extracts of leeches (Hirudinaria manillensis) collected from Cheneh lake, Terengganu, Malaysia. Concentration of selected heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn) were detected using ICP-MS. Almost all heavy metal concentrations in lake water were found to be higher than the Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) and placed under class III Interim National Water Quality Standards For Malaysia (INWQS). Furthermore, trace amounts of heavy metals were found in leeches’ tissues and LSE. Such concentrations of heavy metals can be a source of health hazard if LSE product was prepared directly from the collected leeches without previous purification procedure. In this study, we described a method to reduce the metal levels in leech saliva by adopting frequent washing procedure using non-chlorinated or distilled water for a period of three successive weeks. The described procedure significantly reduced the concentrations of tested metals (p < 0.05), especially the deduction of Cd level up to 99.7% in leech saliva and 92.38% reduction in leeches’ tissues in case of Pb concentration. We conclude that constant washing procedure would help in safe utilization of LSE in green industrial pharmacy. Key words: leeches, saliva, extract, heavy metals, ICP-MS
Computed Tomographic Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) (2004)

Computed tomographic colonography by these methods is not yet ready for widespread clinical application. Techniques and training need to be improved.
Integrated atomic scale CD control and local variability reduction techniques (2019)

In patterning etch processes, the fabrication of multilayer films requires the precision of atomic scale X-Y CD controllability in complex hole patterns, and reduction of local variability such as Line Edge Roughness (LER), Line Width Roughness (LWR) and Local CDU (LCDU). In order to solve these requirements, we have developed Advanced Quasi-ALE technology which achieved reduction of LCDU, along with a wider X-Y CD control margin. In this paper, we introduce the three benefits of our atomic scale CD and variability control process technology; (1) XY CD control in oval patterns, (2) LCDU reduction and (3) wider etching window using Advanced Quasi-ALE technique. Hence, we will show that it has a significant potential to solve critical challenges in the patterning processes of N5 and beyond.
The Role of γδ T Cells as a Line of Defense in Viral Infections after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Opportunities and Challenges (2022)

In the complex interplay between inflammation and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), viral reactivations are often observed and cause substantial morbidity and mortality. As toxicity after allo-HSCT within the context of viral reactivations is mainly driven by αβ T cells, we describe that by delaying αβ T cell reconstitution through defined transplantation techniques, we can harvest the full potential of early reconstituting γδ T cells to control viral reactivations. We summarize evidence of how the γδ T cell repertoire is shaped by CMV and EBV reactivations after allo-HSCT, and their potential role in controlling the most important, but not all, viral reactivations. As most γδ T cells recognize their targets in an MHC-independent manner, γδ T cells not only have the potential to control viral reactivations but also to impact the underlying hematological malignancies. We also highlight the recently re-discovered ability to recognize classical HLA-molecules through a γδ T cell receptor, which also surprisingly do not associate with GVHD. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells and their receptors within and outside the context of allo-HSCT, as well as the opportunities and challenges for developers and for payers.
Experimental Validation of a Correcting Coupling Mechanism to Extend the Scanning Range of Narrowband Phased Array Antennas (2020)

This article presents a technique designed to extend the scanning range of a probe-fed patch array whose performances are limited by scan blindness, due to a strong surface wave coupling. The current framework relates to the context of radar applications requiring a large scanning range (up to 60°) and where no inter-element spacing modification is possible as a result of strong T/R modules integration constraints. The proposed solution is based on the introduction of an additional correcting coupling within the array, by means of microstrip lines connecting the sources two by two. A thorough step-by-step description of the design methodology is introduced. It is then implemented in the case of a single-polarized ten-element patch array operating in X-band. Simulation results as well as an experimental validation of the concept are presented. They assess the effective improvement of the active impedance matching and realized gain resulting from the use of connecting lines.
Optical Constant Determination of Bacterial Spores in the MIR (2005)

Abstract : We developed a simple method for estimating the real and imaginary refractive index of particles. This is done by filtering the particles (bacterial spores in our case) on a gold-coated filter membrane and performing IR microspectroscopy. The results are extremely reproducible (within particle counting statistics). A Kramers-Kronig consist iterative algorithm is applied to obtain scattering and absorption cross-sections for individual particles. The method was tested on spores and on polystyrene spheres.
Bright Room-Temperature Single Photon Emission from Defects in Gallium\n Nitride (2016)

Single photon emitters play a central role in many photonic quantum\ntechnologies. A promising class of single photon emitters consists of atomic\ncolor centers in wide-bandgap crystals, such as diamond silicon carbide and\nhexagonal boron nitride. However, it is currently not possible to grow these\nmaterials as sub-micron thick films on low-refractive index substrates, which\nis necessary for mature photonic integrated circuit technologies. Hence, there\nis great interest in identifying quantum emitters in technologically mature\nsemiconductors that are compatible with suitable heteroepitaxies. Here, we\ndemonstrate robust single photon emitters based on defects in gallium nitride\n(GaN), the most established and well understood semiconductor that can emit\nlight over the entire visible spectrum. We show that the emitters have\nexcellent photophysical properties including a brightness in excess of 500x10^3\ncounts/s. We further show that the emitters can be found in a variety of GaN\nwafers, thus offering reliable and scalable platform for further technological\ndevelopment. We propose a theoretical model to explain the origin of these\nemitters based on cubic inclusions in hexagonal gallium nitride. Our results\nconstitute a feasible path to scalable, integrated on-chip quantum technologies\nbased on GaN.\n
Effective Back-Patch Culling for Hardware Tessellation (2011)

When rendering objects with hardware tessellation, back-facing patches should be culled as early as possible to avoid unnecessary surface evaluations, and setup costs for the tessellator and rasterizer. For dynamic objects the popular cone-of-normals approach is usually approximated using tangent and bitangent cones. This is faster to compute, but less effective. We present a novel approach using the Bézier convex hull of the parametric tangent plane. It is much more accurate, and by operating in clip space we are able to reduce the computational cost significantly. As our algorithm vectorizes well, we observe comparable test times with increased cull-rates.
Theory of the Magnetic Properties of the IlmenitesMTiO3 (1967)

Crystal-field, superexchange, and molecular-field theories have been used to analyze available experimental data for the ilmenites MnTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, FeTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, CoTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and NiTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The magnetic order and spin directions are shown to be compatible with negative trigonal fields in all compounds. Crystallographic considerations indicate that FeTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has its negative trigonal field enhanced by spin-orbit coupling and by a large magnetic anisotropy orienting spins along the ${c}_{h}$ axis, even in the paramagnetic region. This invalidates the interpretation of the paramagnetic susceptibility of FeTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ by an isotropic model. MnTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ exhibits three anomalies: a reduced atomic moment ($4.55 {\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$) in the magnetically ordered state, a broad maximum in ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{m}$ versus $T$ above ${T}_{N}$, and a discrepancy in the molecular-field exchange parameters obtained from high-temperature susceptibilities and low-temperature resonance with only dipole-dipole magnetic anisotropy. A similar but smaller discrepancy in exchange parameters was also found for NiTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. These difficulties disappear if exciton transfer between superexchange-coupled cations is introduced. This is a correlated superexchange involving the simultaneous transfer of electrons on neighboring cations to one another. For ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ ions coupled antiferromagnetically via 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} cation-anion-cation superexchange, this exciton superexchange induces not only $^{4}T$ excited ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ states, but also $^{2}T$ excited states via a double-exciton transfer. This introduces a large reduction in moment below ${T}_{N}$, an increase in moment with temperature through the range of short-range order above ${T}_{N}$, and an additional anisotropy. The latter has the sign required to reconcile susceptibility and resonance data provided that the $^{2}T$ excited state is more populated than the $^{4}T$ states. The same mechanism for CoTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and NiTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ does not change the atomic moments and gives the correct sign for the additional anisotropy. The data are consistent with a magnetostriction below ${T}_{N}$ in CoTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ that reduces the trigonal component of the crystalline field to nearly zero.
MmWave vehicle-to-infrastructure communication : analysis of urban microcellular networks (2017)

Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication may provide high data rates to vehicles via millimeter-wave (mmWave) microcellular networks. This paper uses stochastic geometry to analyze the coverage of urban mmWave microcellular networks. Prior work used a pathloss model with a line-of-sight probability function based on randomly oriented buildings, to determine whether a link was line-of-sight or non-line-of-sight. In this paper, we use a pathloss model inspired by measurements, which uses a Manhattan distance pathloss model and accounts for differences in pathloss exponents and losses when turning corners. In our model, streets are randomly located as a Manhattan Poisson line process (MPLP) and the base stations (BSs) are distributed according to a Poisson point process. Our model is well suited for urban microcellular networks where the BSs are deployed at street level. Based on this new approach, we derive the coverage probability under certain BS association rules to obtain closed-form solutions without much complexity. In addition, we draw two main conclusions from our work. First, non-line-of-sight BSs are not a major benefit for association or source of interference most of the time. Second, there is an ultra-dense regime where deploying active BSs does not enhance coverage.
Adaptive calibration of wideband digital beam formers with injection calibration (2015)

This paper presents a closed-loop internal adaptive calibration method for wideband digital beam formers in phased array applications. The channels are time aligned and calibrated before beam forming using an internal network for illumination and correction of the elemental electronic channels. This approach lowers the cost of wideband phased arrays by eliminating manual factory tuning. The internal calibration network enables calibration during operation without the implicit electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) concerns of a cooperative radiating source. The approach facilitates correcting for age related changes from the initial factory calibration, and for the inherent factory calibration residual errors. Measured data from an existing 22-phase center elemental digital beam former array was used to evaluate the method. The channel response was extracted and bit error rate (BER) was evaluated using a simulation test bench. The results show two orders of magnitude improvement in BER over a narrow band method based on singular value decomposition.
Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Therapy in Patients With Ventricular Fibrillation out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Secondary to Acute Coronary Syndrome (2015)

Patients with VF-OHCA in the setting of acute MI or myocardial ischemia remain at high risk of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias, particularly if EF ≤35%. This suggests that ICD implantation may be reasonable if EF ≤35%.
Behavior analysis of CMOS D flip-flops (1989)

The authors analyze two D flip-flops (DFF's) generally considered to be the fastest (and most widely used), and compare their speed performance and their robustness against clock skew when a two-phase clocking scheme is applied. The effect of clock skew on their speed and proper logic operation is analyzed and verified with spice simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>