gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2‐447: Classification of AD, MCI and Controls Using Large‐Scale Network Analysis (2010)

There has been great interest in developing objective biologically based markers that can be used to predict risk, diagnose, stage, or track the course and treatment of dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we employed resting-state MRI connectivity methods and the large-scale network (LSN) analyses to discriminate Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age-matched cognitively normal (CN) subjects. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed to acquire the voxelwised time series in the whole brains of 55 human subjects (20 AD, 15 MCI, and 20 CN subjects). The brains were parcellated into 116 regions of interest (ROIs). A Decreased Connectivity Index (DCI) and an Increased Connectivity Index (ICI) were obtained from empirically selected pairwised ROIs. The DCI and ICI were employed to classify the subjects. Error estimation of the classifications was performed with the leave-one-out (LOO) method. Tables 1-3 show the result of the LOO estimate in a two by two analysis. The first row shows the number of subjects within each group classified by clinical assessment as the “golden standard”, the second and the third rows show the percentage and the absolute number of the subjects (in parenthesis) that were classified with the LSN method. And the last row shows the overall accuracy of the classifier. We employed the large-scale network analysis to discriminate between control, AD and MCI subjects. MCIs can be discriminated from controls and ADs with an accuracy of 86% and 80%, respectively. The estimated false positive and negative cases may be largely related to the error of clinical assessment and the possible discrepancy between clinical assessment and network test conducted in this study may provide physicians a reference for better diagnosis. Clearly, further longitudinal study will be needed to validate this method. In summary, this non-invasive network approach not only can distinguish between control, MCI and AD subjects, but also provide different neural network patterns between different groups, which will lead us to deeper understanding the mechanisms of dementia.
Multiple Fundamental Frequency Estimation By Summing Harmonic Amplitudes. (2006)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Calibrating a Non-isotropic Near Point Light Source Using a Plane (2014)

We show that a non-isotropic near point light source rigidly attached to a camera can be calibrated using multiple images of a weakly textured planar scene. We prove that if the radiant intensity distribution (RID) of a light source is radially symmetric with respect to its dominant direction, then the shading observed on a Lambertian scene plane is bilaterally symmetric with respect to a 2D line on the plane. The symmetry axis detected in an image provides a linear constraint for estimating the dominant light axis. The light position and RID parameters can then be estimated using a linear method. Specular highlights if available can also be used for light position estimation. We also extend our method to handle non-Lambertian reflectances which we model using a biquadratic BRDF. We have evaluated our method on synthetic data quantitavely. Our experiments on real scenes show that our method works well in practice and enables light calibration without the need of a specialized hardware.
Design of Compact Dual-Band Matching Network with Single Unequal Susceptance Cancellation Stub (2018)

This paper makes use of the well-known cascaded two-transmission line architecture to develop a dual-band impedance transformation network. The key feature of the proposed technique is the ability of a single stub to cancel unequal susceptances at two arbitrary frequencies. The effectiveness of the proposed technique, aided by simplified design equations, has been demonstrated through a number of case studies. Two prototypes have been developed for distinct load impedance scenarios to evaluate the proposed concept. The good agreements between the measured and simulation results validate the presented concept and design technique.
Neuronal connectivity in major depressive disorder: a systematic review (2018)

The results on connectivity in MDD are very heterogeneous, partly due to different methods and study designs, but also due to the temporal dynamics of connectivity. While connectivity research is an important step toward a complex systems approach to brain functioning, future research should focus on the dynamics of functional and effective connectivity.
Recent Technologies on Multicore EDFA (2018)

MC-EDFA is expected as one of the key component for SDM systems. Its possibilities and abilities to enable high-capacity, low power consumption and cost reduction are summarized. Also, recent reports utilizing MC-EDFA are introduced.
Psychological and Musical Factors Underlying Engagement with Unfamiliar Music (2018)

What are the factors that determine how long a person chooses to listen to an unfamiliar piece of music? We examined this question across three experiments in which we played participants novel repeating multi-instrument stimuli and recorded their listening times and reasons for their decisions to either continue or stop listening. To influence the habituating effects of repeating musical material drawn from a large stimulus library (&amp;gt; 450 items), we manipulated novelty along several musical dimensions. In Experiment 1, all instruments entered simultaneously. In Experiment 2, instrument entrances were also offset in time. In Experiment 3, we composed core multi-instrument loops and manipulated them to further minimize harmonic variability, minimize rhythmic variability, introduce spatialization, or change timbral characteristics. Novelty introduced by instrument entrances was the strongest determinant of listening times, though harmonic variability and timbral features were also important. Subjective enjoyment was the best predictor of listening times, mediating the effects of the degree of perceived groove in a stimulus, the urge to move, interest in a stimulus, perceived complexity, and congruency with current mood. We conclude that naturalistic looping musical stimuli serve well to examine the diverse psychological and musical determinants of choice behavior underlying music consumption.
Common path endoscopic probes for optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Background: Dispersion imbalance and polarization mismatch between the reference and sample arm signals can lead to image quality degradation in optical coherence tomography (OCT). One approach to reduce these image artifacts is to employ a common-path geometry in fiber-based probes. In this work, we report an 800 um diameter all-fiber common-path monolithic probe for coronary artery imaging where the reference signal is generated using an inline fiber partial reflector. Methods: Our common-path probe was designed for swept-source based Fourier domain OCT at 1310 nm wavelength. A face of a coreless fiber was coated with gold and spliced to a standard SMF-28 single mode fiber creating an inline partial reflector, which acted as a reference surface. The other face of the coreless fiber was shaped into a ball lens for focusing. The optical elements were assembled within a 560 µm diameter drive shaft, which was attached to a rotary junction. The drive shaft was placed inside a transparent sheath having an outer diameter of 800 µm. Results: With a source input power of 30mW, the inline common-path probe achieved a sensitivity of 104 dB. Images of human finger skin showed the characteristic layers of skin as well as features such as sweat ducts. Images of coronary arteries ex vivo obtained with this probe enabled visualization of the characteristic architectural morphology of the normal artery wall and known features of atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: In this work, we have demonstrated a common path OCT probe for cardiovascular imaging. The probe is easy to fabricate, will reduce system complexity and overall cost. We believe that this design will be helpful in endoscopic applications that require high resolution and a compact form factor.
Phylogenomic and functional characterization of an evolutionary conserved cytochrome P450-based insecticide detoxification mechanism in bees (2022)

The regulatory process for assessing the risks of pesticides to bees relies heavily on the use of the honeybee, <i>Apis mellifera</i>, as a model for other bee species. However, the validity of using <i>A. mellifera</i> as a surrogate for other <i>Apis</i> and non-<i>Apis</i> bees in pesticide risk assessment has been questioned. Related to this line of research, recent work on <i>A. mellifera</i> has shown that specific P450 enzymes belonging to the CYP9Q subfamily act as critically important determinants of insecticide sensitivity in this species by efficiently detoxifying certain insecticide chemotypes. However, the extent to which the presence of functional orthologs of these enzymes is conserved across the diversity of bees is unclear. Here we used a phylogenomic approach to identify > 100 putative CYP9Q functional orthologs across 75 bee species encompassing all major bee families. Functional analysis of 26 P450s from 20 representative bee species revealed that P450-mediated detoxification of certain systemic insecticides, including the neonicotinoid thiacloprid and the butenolide flupyradifurone, is conserved across all major bee pollinator families. However, our analyses also reveal that <i>CYP9Q</i>-related genes are not universal to all bee species, with some Megachilidae species lacking such genes. Thus, our results reveal an evolutionary conserved capacity to metabolize certain insecticides across all major bee families while identifying a small number of bee species where this function may have been lost. Furthermore, they illustrate the potential of a toxicogenomic approach to inform pesticide risk assessment for nonmanaged bee species by predicting the capability of bee pollinator species to break down synthetic insecticides.
Inflammation and immune response in acute aortic dissection (2010)

Our results strongly support the hypothesis of a pivotal role of innate immunity in type-A Stanford AAD.
LONGITUDINAL MANEUVERING CONTROL FOR AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS (1995)

This paper investigates the feasibility of using magnetic markers already presented for lateral vehicle guidance in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS), for estimating vehicle position and velocity. In this paper, the use of a hybrid observer is proposed. Vehicle longitudinal motion control based on magnetic markers is also considered and evaluated by simulations.
Musical Training Induces Functional Plasticity in Human Hippocampus (2010)

Training can change the functional and structural organization of the brain, and animal models demonstrate that the hippocampus formation is particularly susceptible to training-related neuroplasticity. In humans, however, direct evidence for functional plasticity of the adult hippocampus induced by training is still missing. Here, we used musicians' brains as a model to test for plastic capabilities of the adult human hippocampus. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging optimized for the investigation of auditory processing, we examined brain responses induced by temporal novelty in otherwise isochronous sound patterns in musicians and musical laypersons, since the hippocampus has been suggested previously to be crucially involved in various forms of novelty detection. In the first cross-sectional experiment, we identified enhanced neural responses to temporal novelty in the anterior left hippocampus of professional musicians, pointing to expertise-related differences in hippocampal processing. In the second experiment, we evaluated neural responses to acoustic temporal novelty in a longitudinal approach to disentangle training-related changes from predispositional factors. For this purpose, we examined an independent sample of music academy students before and after two semesters of intensive aural skills training. After this training period, hippocampal responses to temporal novelty in sounds were enhanced in musical students, and statistical interaction analysis of brain activity changes over time suggests training rather than predisposition effects. Thus, our results provide direct evidence for functional changes of the adult hippocampus in humans related to musical training.
Changes in Starch and Protein on Extrusion of Corn Starch and Sunflower Protein Blends (1994)

ABSTRACT We investigated the use of electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and the spin labelled fatty acid, 16 doxylstearic acid (16‐DSA) in the study of starch and protein modification during extrusion processing of corn starch (CS), corn meal (CM), and their blends with sunflower protein isolate (SPI). Spectra due to binding of the spin probe to starch and protein were identified. Changes in spectra after extrusion of all materials indicated that: (1) ~90% of the starch was modified (gelatinized); (2) The globular protein structure was disrupted. These changes demonstrate that spin probes and ESR spectroscopy may be used to study starch and protein modification during extrusion and other food processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectivity Enhancement in the Hydrogenation of α,β‐ Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones Using Thiophene‐Modified Catalysts (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Junction Architectures for Planar Devices (2007)

Planar devices have been used for manufacturing integrated circuits for many decades already. Further device shrinkage and performance improvement by conventional size scaling are reaching their limits because of increasing difficulty to control short channel effects (SCE). In this paper, various approaches for source and drain doping in planar transistors are presented and discussed. The conventional approach based on implant and dopant activation anneal is analyzed versus other technologies. Especially many new developments in thermal treatment of the wafer in order to activate dopants and control their diffusion are presented.
Speech Markers for Clinical Assessment of Cocaine Users (2019)

One of the main foci of addiction research is the delineation of markers that track the propensity of relapse. Speech analysis can provide an unbiased assessment that can be deployed outside the lab, enabling objective measurements and relapse susceptibility tracking. This work is the first attempt to study unscripted speech markers in cocaine users. We analyzed 23 subjects performing two tasks: describing the positive consequences (PC) of abstinence and the negative consequences (NC) of using cocaine. We perform two main experiments: first, we analyzed whether acoustic and semantic features can infer clinical variables such as the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment; then, we analyzed the main problem of interest: to see if these features are powerful enough to infer if the subjects remains abstinent. Our results show that speech features have potential to be used as a proxy to monitor cocaine users under treatment to recover from their addiction.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a candidate turkey cellulitis/dermatitis oil emulsion vaccine on immune response and mortality under laboratory and commercial conditions (2019)

Ability of a Clostridium septicum (CS) bacterin-toxoid, in conjunction with adjuvants such as aluminum hydroxide, mannoslyated chitosan, or a water-in-oil emulsion Seppic Montanide 71 R VG adjuvant (OE) to induce immunity was evaluated in a 7-wk study (Experiment 1). Poults (20/group) were vaccinated on day of hatch, boosted at 5 wk of age and compared to unvaccinated controls. In Experiment 1, initial vaccination with OE resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher antibody levels at 5 wk of age, and at 7 wk of age OE resulted in numerically increased antibody levels compared to all vaccinated groups. OE vaccine efficacy was evaluated in 2 field trials (Experiments 2 and 3) with treatments including a non-vaccinated control group and a vaccinated group. Experiment 2 consisted of 3 houses. Blood samples were obtained at time of field vaccination, 4 wk post-vaccination, and processing. Antibody levels (S/P ratio) in vaccinated groups for weeks 12 and 16 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than control groups for all houses. Experiment 3 consisted of 6 farms with 1–4 houses/farm. Vaccination significantly (P < 0.05) reduced CS-related mortalities as compared to controls in 5 of 6 farms and antibody titers were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in vaccinated turkeys from 4 wk post-vaccination through processing, for all 6 farms. Based on these results, OE vaccines can be used to increase antibody titers and may reduce CS-related mortalities in the field.
A V2V communication system with enhanced multiplicity gain (2013)

Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication has gained renewed interest among research community which is further signified by the allocation of dedicated spectrum and an IEEE standard for their usage in recent years. However, 802.11p, the current IEEE standard for vehicular communications, has a relatively low multiplicity (the number of links that it can simultaneously support). In this work, we propose a new vehicular communication scheme based on sectored antennas in order to improve the multiplicity performance. We first show that a sectored antenna based vehicular communication system has higher multiplicity than 802.11p. To further enable multiple transmit sectors to communicate with a receive node simultaneously in a single receive sector, using an OFDMA system design, we propose a new sector-specific pilot design and corresponding channel estimation over time and frequency domains of the channels corresponding to various sectors. Finally, the performance characteristics of the proposed scheme are shown through simulations.
The synthesis of 3-methyleneindol-2(3H )-ones related to mitomycins via 5-exo-dig aryl radical cyclisation (2000)

The synthesis of acetylenic amides from 2-bromoaniline and propiolic acids followed by their cyclisation via the derived aryl radical is presented. Silylation of the terminal end of the triple bond is shown to be required for successful cyclisation to 3-methyleneindol-2(3H)-ones. The exocyclic double bond can be epoxidised using m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA).
Self-assembled composite nano-materials exploiting a thermo reversible n-acene fibrillar scaffold and organic-capped ZnO nanoparticles (2011)

An organic–inorganic composite material is obtained by self-assembly of 2,3-didecyloxy-anthracene (DDOA), an organogelator of butanol, and organic-capped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The ligand 3, 2,3-di(6-oxy-n-hexanoic acid)-anthracene, designed to cap ZnO and interact with the DDOA nanofibers by structural similarity, improves the dispersion of the NPs into the organogel. The composite material displays mechanical properties similar to those of the pristine DDOA organogel, but gelates at a lower critical concentration and emits significantly less, even in the presence of very small amounts of ZnO NPs. The ligand 3 could also act as a relay to promote the photo-induced quenching process.
Cutaneous granulomas with primary immunodeficiency in children: a report of 17 new patients and a review of the literature (2019)

Cutaneous granulomas associated with a PID have a variable clinical presentation. A PID can be suspected when crusty, brownish lesions are found on the face or limbs. The concomitant presence of several histological subtypes in a single patient is suggestive of a PID.
Low mannose-binding lectin and increased complement activation correlate to allograft vasculopathy, ischaemia, and rejection after human heart transplantation (2005)

Low MBL was related to the development of TxCAD and acute rejection and increased complement activation correlated to histopathologic ischaemia and mortality after heart transplantation.
UWB monocycle pulse generation using two-photon absorption in a silicon waveguide (2012)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate ultrawideband monocycle pulse generation using nondegenerate two-photon absorption in a silicon waveguide. The free-carrier absorption induced pulse tail at the rising edge of inverted probe pulse is largely compensated by the overlapped pump pulse and results in a symmetric negative monocycle pulse. A 143 ps Gaussian monocycle pulse is successfully obtained with a 131.7% fractional 10 dB bandwidth using a 68 ps pulsed pump. The 10 dB bandwidth and center frequency of the RF spectrum for the generated monocycle pulse can be largely tuned using an optical delay line. An operational bandwidth of 30 nm is demonstrated experimentally with stable performance, and larger optical bandwidth is expected.
The promise of mRNA vaccines: a biotech and industrial perspective (2020)

mRNA technologies have the potential to transform areas of medicine, including the prophylaxis of infectious diseases. The advantages for vaccines range from the acceleration of immunogen discovery to rapid response and multiple disease target manufacturing. A greater understanding of quality attributes that dictate translation efficiency, as well as a comprehensive appreciation of the importance of mRNA delivery, are influencing a new era of investment in development activities. The application of translational sciences and growing early-phase clinical experience continue to inform candidate vaccine selection. Here we review the state of the art for the prevention of infectious diseases by using mRNA and pertinent topics to the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
Size homeostasis in adherent cells studied by synthetic phase microscopy (2013)

The coupling of the rate of cell growth to the rate of cell division determines cell size, a defining characteristic that is central to cell function and, ultimately, to tissue architecture. The physiology of size homeostasis has fascinated generations of biologists, but the mechanism, challenged by experimental limitations, remains largely unknown. In this paper, we propose a unique optical method that can measure the dry mass of thick live cells as accurately as that for thin cells with high computational efficiency. With this technique, we quantify, with unprecedented accuracy, the asymmetry of division in lymphoblasts and epithelial cells. We can then use the Collins-Richmond model of conservation to compute the relationship between growth rate and cell mass. In attached epithelial cells, we find that due to the asymmetry in cell division and size-dependent growth rate, there is active regulation of cell size. Thus, like nonadherent cells, size homeostasis requires feedback control.
Modulation of Antigen-Specific Humoral Responses in Rhesus Macaques by Using Cytokine cDNAs as DNA Vaccine Adjuvants (2000)

An important limitation of DNA immunization in nonhuman primates is the difficulty in generating high levels of antigen-specific antibody responses; strategies to enhance the level of immune responses to DNA immunization may be important in the further development of this vaccine strategy for humans. We approached this issue by testing the ability of molecular adjuvants to enhance the levels of immune responses generated by multicomponent DNA vaccines in rhesus macaques. Rhesus macaques were coimmunized intramuscularly with expression plasmids bearing genes encoding Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon)- or Th2 (IL-4)-type cytokines and DNA vaccine constructs encoding human immunodeficiency virus Env and Rev and simian immunodeficiency virus Gag and Pol proteins. We observed that the cytokine gene adjuvants (especially IL-2 and IL-4) significantly enhanced antigen-specific humoral immune responses in the rhesus macaque model. These results support the assumption that antigen-specific responses can be engineered to a higher and presumably more desirable level in rhesus macaques by genetic adjuvants.