gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies Relevant to Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia by Molybdenum Triamidoamine Complexes (2005)

In this paper we explore several issues surrounding the catalytic reduction of dinitrogen by molybdenum compounds that contain the [(HIPTNCH2CH2)3N]3- ligand (where HIPT = 3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3). Four additional plausible intermediates in the catalytic dinitrogen reduction have now been crystallographically characterized; they are MoN= NH (Mo = [(HIPTNCH2CH2)3N]Mo), [Mo=NNH2][BAr'4] (Ar' = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3), [Mo=NH][BAr'4], and Mo(NH3). We also have crystallographically characterized a 2,6-lutidine complex, Mo(2,6-Lut)+, which is formed upon treatment of MoH with [2,6-LutH][B(C6F5)4]. We focus on the synthesis of compounds that have not yet been isolated, which include Mo=NNH2, Mo=NH, and Mo(NH2). Mo=NNH2, formed by reduction of [Mo=NNH2]+, has not been observed. It decomposes to give mixtures that contain two or more of the following: MoN=NH, Mo triple bond N, Mo(NH3)+, Mo(NH3), and ammonia. Mo=NH, which can be prepared by reduction of [Mo=NH]+, is stable for long periods in the presence of a small amount of CrCp*2, but in the absence of CrCp*2, and in the presence of Mo=NH+ as a catalyst, Mo=NH is slowly converted into a mixture of Mo triple bond N and Mo(NH2). Mo(NH2) can be produced independently by deprotonation of Mo(NH3)+ with LiN(SiMe3)2 in THF, but it decomposes to Mo triple bond N upon attempted isolation. Although catalytic reduction of dinitrogen could involve up to 14 intermediates in a "linear" sequence that involves addition of "external" protons and/or electrons, it seems likely now that several of these intermediates, along with ammonia and/or dihydrogen, can be produced in several reactions between intermediates that themselves behave as proton and/or electron sources.
Centralized self-optimization in LTE-A using Active Antenna Systems (2013)

Active Antenna Systems (AAS) have the flexibility to electronically orient the antenna beams thereby providing a flexible and efficient control over the performance of the network in terms of coverage, capacity and Quality-of-Service (QoS). In this paper we propose a new centralized self-optimizing method which adapts antenna tilts according to a specified objective. The proposed method uses a surrogate function to model the functional relationships between noisy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and antenna parameters, and subsequently performs optimization of the model using a pattern search algorithm in an iterative manner. The methodology is applied to solve several multi-parameter self-optimization problems in a Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) network. Results obtained using a flow level simulator shows the advantages of the proposed AAS optimization method in terms of fast convergence, performance and flexibility in multi-parameter network optimization.
Development of a new evaluation method for cheek sagging using a Moire 3D analysis system (2008)

This method, using Moire 3D analysis, revealed slight, continuous and characteristic changes of cheek skin sagging without causing any discomfort to the subjects. These results are consistent with people's visual impression. The results indicate the usefulness of this method in skin research.
Mesoscopic proximity effect in double-barrier superconductor/normal-metal junctions (2002)

We report transport measurements down to $T=60 \mathrm{mK}$ of SININ and SNIN structures in the diffusive limit. We fabricated Al-AlOx/Cu/AlOx/Cu (SININ) and Al/Cu/AlOx/Cu (SNIN) vertical junctions. A zero-bias anomaly was observed in a metallic SININ structure. We attribute this peak of conductance to coherent multireflections of electrons between the two tunnel barriers. This conductance maximum is quantitatively fit by the relevant theory of mesoscopic SININ structures. When the barrier at the SN interface is removed (SNIN structure), we observe a peak of conductance at finite voltage accompanied by an excess of subgap conductance.
Adaptive template matching of photoplethysmogram pulses to detect motion artefact (2018)

The proposed method is simple and robust against individual variations in the PPG characteristics, thus making it suitable for a diverse range of datasets. Integration of the proposed artefact detection technique into remote monitoring devices could enhance reliability of the PPG-derived physiological parameters.
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of organic semiconductors (2013)

In this paper, we conduct transmission and reflection mode terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurements of organic semiconductors such as ALQ3 and TBADN. THz-TDS is effective for determining the purity of the organic semiconductors based on the refractive index and spectral signatures in THz range. In order to prepare the sample for a custom built sample holder, the powder samples are pressed into pellets of 13 mm diameter and a thickness of 2 mm using a hydraulic press. The organic semiconductor, for example ALQ3 sample, is prepared as a 70% ALQ3 and 30% polyethylene (PE) concentration pellet by mixing ALQ3 and PE. The ALQ3 pellet is measured in a chamber purged with dry nitrogen to avoid the effect of water vapor absorptions in ambient air. The absorption coefficient and index of refraction are measured from the spectra of the reference THz pulse and the THz pulse after transmission through the sample. The THz spectrum is obtained by applying a fast Fourier transform to the THz waveform. Further studies were conducted by reducing the concentration of the organic semiconductor from 70% to 10% ALQ3. We also obtained the spectral signature and absorption coefficient for 50% TBADN 50% PE pellet. The spectral signatures of ALQ3 were found to be at 0.868 THz, 1.271 THz and 1.52 THz, while spectral signature of TBADN was found to be at 1.033 THz.
Effective Biomarkers for Proof-of-Concept (2008)

Effective biomarkers have been desired both for diagnostic purposes and for the evaluation of the effects of drugs. Positron emission tomography allows the visualization of several components of neurotransmissions, such as receptors and transporters. In vivo neuroimaging including neuroreceptor imaging and enzyme activity imaging has contributed to drug evaluation in terms of 1) rational drug dosing, 2) biodistribution of drug, 3) therapeutic rationale for drug use, and 4) mechanism of drug action [1]. In this article, we focused on the rational drug dosing of antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants using receptor occupancy and proof-of-concept of drugs, as well as new therapeutic methods for Alzheimer disease. Keywords: Biomarker, proof-of-concept study, positron emission tomography, drug, receptor occupancy
Corrosion Resistance of Wear Resistant Silicon Nitride Ceramics in Various Aqueous Solutions (2003)

Improvement of chemical corrosion resistance of silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics is strongly desired from the industry side. However, there is presently not enough information on chemical corrosion. This paper investigates corrosion resistance of two kinds of commercialized Si3N4-based ceramics with different additives developed for attaining high wear-resistance. One of the specimens is composed of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3-AlN-TiO2 (specimen A), the other of Si3N4-MgAl2O4-SiO2-TiO2 (specimen B). We adapted a corrosion test at 30 and 80°C in acid, basic and salt solutions. The corrosion at 30°C in acid and basic solutions in both specimens was very low in comparison with that at 80°C. Specimen A with additives of Y2O3 and Al2O3 was easily corroded by both acids and bases. In particular the specimen was strongly corroded by 5 mass% H2SO4, 5 mass% HNO3 and 35 mass% NaOH solutions at 80°C. Specimen B, containing MgAl2O4 as an additive, was better corrosion resistant than specimen A, although specimen B was slightly corroded by a high concentration of basic solutions. The extent of corrosion by NaCl and CaCl2 solutions was almost negligible. Solution analysis after soaking the specimens in the solutions indicated that the grain boundary phase, mainly a glassy phase, was reacting with acid. The existence of Y2O3 and Al2O3 in the glassy phase is considered to be mainly responsible for the lowered chemical corrosion resistance. Si3N4 grains easily reacted with bases, although the grain boundary phase was also corroded by them. These results were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. It was concluded that an improvement of corrosion resistance against basic solutions at higher temperatures such as 80°C seems to be hardly achievable. The above data on corrosion resistance of typically commercialized Si3N4 ceramics are considered to be very useful to expand the application areas.
Segment Routing Policy for Traffic Engineering (2017)

Segment Routing (SR) allows a headend node to steer a packet flow
along any path. Intermediate per-flow states are eliminated thanks to
source routing. The headend node steers a flow into an SR Policy. The
header of a packet steered in an SR Policy is augmented with the
ordered list of segments associated with that SR Policy. This document
details the concepts of SR Policy and steering into an SR Policy.
Adaptive block tree structure for video coding (2020)

The Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) has studied future video coding (FVC) technologies with a potential compression capacity that significantly exceeds that of the high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. The joint exploration test model (JEM), a common platform for the exploration of FVC technologies in the JVET, employs quadtree plus binary tree block partitioning, which enhances the flexibility of coding unit partitioning. Despite significant improvement in coding efficiency for chrominance achieved by separating luminance and chrominance tree structures in I slices, this approach has intrinsic drawbacks that result in the redundancy of block partitioning data. In this paper, an adaptive tree structure correlating luminance and chrominance of single and dual trees is presented. Our proposed method resulted in an average reduction of −0.24% in the Y Bjontegaard Delta rate relative to the intracoding of JEM 6.0 common test conditions.
Transmitter identification for ATSC 3.0 single frequency network (2017)

In the ATSC 3.0 PHY layer standard, a Transmitter Identification (TxID) signal is defined in order to provide the identification of an ATSC 3.0 transmitter. For efficient use of spectrum and quality of service improvement, single frequency network (SFN) where all transmitters share a single RF channel is often implemented. The recently developed ATSC 3.0 physical layer standard has been designed to support SFN. For efficient designing, fine-tuning and operating an SFN, it is crucial to identify each transmitter, as well as to adjust transmitting power and emission time of each transmitter. This paper presents TxID for ATSC 3.0, and analyzes its detection performance under very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) environments.
An Evidence-Based Evaluation of Health Information on Erectile Dysfunction From 10 Nationwide Daily Newspapers in Korea (2013)

Purpose: A rapid growth in the socioeconomic status of Koreans has triggered an unprecedented explosion of health information for the general population. Despite its obvious benefits, this increase in information could also result in potentially harmful effects for both consumers and professionals who do not use it appropriately. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the quality and accuracy of health information on erectile dysfunction from 10 nationwide daily newspapers. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed health information from 10 nationwide daily newspapers in Korea from January 2011 through December 2011. We reviewed the health information for quality by using evidence-based medicine tools and evaluated the accuracy of the information provided. Articles that simply summarized scientific congresses or journal articles and that did not include direct quotations were excluded, as were advertisements. Results: A total of 47 articles were gathered. Among them, 27 (57.4%) contained inaccurate or misleading statements on the basis of an evidence-based medicine evaluation. These statements included using inappropriate surrogate outcomes as clinical endpoints (three cases, 6.4%), extrapolating nonhuman results to humans (two cases, 4.3%), exaggerating the significance of results (eight cases, 17.0%), and using incorrect words (14 cases, 29.8%). The rate of error was higher in the information from Korean sources than in that from international sources (22 cases vs. 5 cases). Conclusions: Approximately 57% of all articles on erectile dysfunction from 10 nationwide daily newspapers were found to contain inaccuracies.
Pharmacokinetics on a microscale: visualizing Cy5-labeled oligonucleotide release from poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) nanocapsules in cells (2014)

For successful design of a nanoparticulate drug delivery system, the fate of the carrier and cargo need to be followed. In this work, we fluorescently labeled poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanocapsules as a shell and separately an oligonucleotide (20 mer) as a payload. The nanocapsules were formed by interfacial anionic polymerization on aqueous droplets generated by an inverse miniemulsion process. After uptake, the PBCA capsules were shown to be round-shaped, endosomal structures and the payload was successfully released. Cy5-labeled oligonucleotides accumulated at the mitochondrial membrane due to a combination of the high mitochondrial membrane potential and the specific molecular structure of Cy5. The specificity of this accumulation at the mitochondria was shown as the uncoupler dinitrophenol rapidly diminished the accumulation of the Cy5-labeled oligonucleotide. Importantly, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer investigation showed that the dye-labeled cargo (Cy3/Cy5-labeled oligonucleotides) reached its target site without degradation during escape from an endosomal compartment to the cytoplasm. The time course of accumulation of fluorescent signals at the mitochondria was determined by evaluating the colocalization of Cy5-labeled oligonucleotides and mitochondrial markers for up to 48 hours. As oligonucleotides are an ideal model system for small interfering RNA PBCA nanocapsules demonstrate to be a versatile delivery platform for small interfering RNA to treat a variety of diseases.
Quality of Satellite Communication Signals Related to Problems in RF Components as Hardware (2022)

As the generation of mobile communication develops as is slated to be hooked up to satellite communication, the importance of digital or software is highlighted more and more as a fad that the notion of SDR will work things out. Communication is a product of impartially integrating the fields of software and hardware. In order to stop the waste of time in finding causes of failure in communication by scrutinizing the software of a system, this paper as a problem diagnosis report shares an idea that problems in the hardware of the system end up with malfunctions in satellite communication. Since the portals of the satellite wireless payload are taken up by the antenna and the filter, which account for forming the wireless link, the consequences of problematic RF components are investigated. Physical errors in the components are brought up to demonstrate a functional degradation like weakened signals.
Impact of Lipophilic Efficiency on Compound Quality (2012)

Lipophilic efficiency indices such as LLE and LELP were suggested to support balanced optimization of potency and ADMET profile. Here we investigated the performance of LLE and LELP on multiple data sets representing different stages of drug discovery including fragment and HTS hits and leads, development candidates, phase II compounds, and launched drugs. Analyzing their impact on ADME and safety properties and binding thermodynamics, we found that both LLE and LELP help identifying better quality compounds. LLE is sensible for the development stages but does not prefer fragment-type hits, while LELP has an advantage for this class of compounds and discriminates preferred starting points effectively. Both LLE and LELP have significant impact on ADME and safety profiles; however, LELP outperforms LLE in risk assessment at least on the present data set. On the basis of the results reported here, monitoring lipophilic efficiency metrics could contribute significantly to compound quality and might improve the output of medicinal chemistry programs.
Near resonant and nonresonant third-order optical nonlinearities of colloidal InP/ZnS quantum dots (2013)

We have investigated the third-order optical nonlinearities of high-quality colloidal InP/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) using Z-scan technique with femtosecond pulses. The two-photon absorption cross-sections as high as 6.2 × 103 GM are observed at 800 nm (non-resonant regime) in InP/ZnS QDs with diameter of 2.8 nm, which is even larger than those of CdSe, CdS, and CdTe QDs at similar sizes. Furthermore, both of the 2.2 nm and 2.8 nm-sized InP/ZnS QDs exhibit strong saturable absorption in near resonant regime, which is attributed to large exciton Bohr radius in this material. These results strongly suggest the promising potential of InP/ZnS QDs for widespread applications, especially in two-photon excited bio-imaging and saturable absorbing.
Amphiphilic Molecular Design as a Rational Strategy for Tailoring Bicontinuous Electron Donor and Acceptor Arrays (2008)

@@A configuration composed of nanoscale segregated bicontinuous electron donor (D) and acceptor (A)arrays is ideal to many optoelectronic devices,especially for organic photovoltaics.Although the present bulk heterojunctions based on blend of donor and acceptor components can achieve bicontinuous donor and acceptor phases by careful choose of D-A pair and treatments, the phase size is hard to reach molecular scale,resulting in unavoidable existence ofdomains irrespective of size. In orderto achieve charge separation,photochemically generated excitons are required to diffuse cross their domains to D-A interfaces, leading to certain loss of light energy.
Interconnected, Microporous Hollow Fibers for Tissue Engineering: Commercially Relevant, Industry Standard Scale-up Manufacturing (2013)

Significant progress has been achieved in the field of tissue engineering to create functional tissue using biomimetic three-dimensional scaffolds that support cell growth, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production. However, many of these constructs are severely limited by poor nutrient diffusion throughout the tissue-engineered construct, resulting in cell death and tissue necrosis at the core. Nutrient transport can be improved by creation and use of scaffolds with hollow and microporous fibers, significantly improving permeability and nutrient diffusion. The purpose of this review is to highlight current technological advances in the fabrication of hollow fibers with interconnected pores throughout the fiber walls, with specific emphasis on developing hollow porous nonwoven fabrics for use as tissue engineering constructs via industry standard processing technologies: Spunbond processing and polymer melt extrusion. We outline current methodologies to create hollow and microporous scaffolds with the aim of translating that knowledge to the production of such fibers into nonwoven tissue engineering scaffolds via spunbond technology, a commercially relevant and viable melt extrusion manufacturing approach that allows for facile scale-up.
Data from Genomic Features of Exceptional Response in Vemurafenib ± Cobimetinib–treated Patients with <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600</sup>-mutated Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Previous investigations identified transcriptional signatures associated with innate resistance to anti–programmed cell death protein 1 therapy in melanoma. This analysis aimed to increase understanding of the role of baseline genetic features in the variability of response to BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy for &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;V600&lt;/sup&gt;-mutated metastatic melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This exploratory analysis compared genomic features, using whole-exome and RNA sequencing, of baseline tumors from patients who had complete response versus rapid progression (disease progression at first postbaseline assessment) on treatment with cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib or vemurafenib alone. Associations of gene expression with progression-free survival or overall survival were assessed by Cox proportional hazards modeling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Whole-exome sequencing showed that &lt;i&gt;MITF&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; alterations were more frequent in tumors from patients with rapid progression, while &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt; alterations were more frequent in tumors from patients with complete response. However, the low frequency of alterations in any one gene precluded their characterization as drivers of response/resistance. Analysis of RNA profiles showed that expression of immune response–related genes was enriched in tumors from patients with complete response, while expression of keratinization-related genes was enriched in tumors from patients who experienced rapid progression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings suggest that enriched immune infiltration might be a shared feature favoring response to both targeted and immune therapies, while features of innate resistance to targeted and immune therapies were distinct.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
<title>Comparison of 1.48-um and 980-nm pumping for Er-doped superfluorescent fiber sources</title> (1992)

The characteristics of Er-doped superfluorescent fiber sources are simulated for pump wavelengths in the 980 nm and 1.48 ?m pump absorption bands. Because absorption near 980 nm occurs to a short-lived pump state, while absorption near 1.48 ?m occurs to the long-lived upper-laser state, sources pumped in these wavelength regions have different characteristics. Both pump bands are found to have optimal pump wavelengths for stability and power (976 nm and 1.475 ?m). While both pump bands are efficient, the 1.48 ?m pump band has a lower threshold pump power level and a higher slope efficiency. On the other hand, the 980 nm pump band produces broader spectra and permits the use of shorter fiber lengths. These and other source characteristics are discussed in detail.
Effect of Somatostatin on Gastrointestinal Secretions and Peptic Ulcer Production in Cats (1977)

In conscious cats with chronic gastric and pancreatic fisulas, the effect of somatostatin (GH-RIH) on gastric and pancreatic secretion and peptic ulcer formation was examined. GH-RIH infused intravenously in graded doses (range: 0.62 to 5.0 microng/kg-hr) inhibited dose-dependently gastric acid response to pentagastrin but failed to affect acid response to histamine. GH-RIH caused a marked inhibition of pepsin secretion induced by both pentagastrin and histamine and decreased pancreatic bicarbonate but not protein response to exogenous secretin or intraduodenal acid. It effectively prevented the formation of duodenal ulcers produced by prolonged administration of both pentagastrin or histamine.
Ion Polishing of ZnO Films by an ECR System (1992)

SAW filters in the ZnO/IDT/glass type have periodic convexes of the same thickness as the IDT electrodes caused by the presence of IDT on the ZnO film surface and fine irregularities all over the ZnO film surface. These unevenness affects the SAW velocity dispertion. An attempt to smooth the unevenness, using the inclination effect in the ion polishing process, resulted in observation of an interesting surface smoothing phenomenon such as narrowing of the width of convex portions caused by IDT on ZnO film surface, smoothing of small convex spots of fine irregularities found all over the ZnO film surface, etc.
Quality of Life with Defibrillator Therapy or Amiodarone in Heart Failure (2008)

In a large primary-prevention population with moderately symptomatic heart failure, single-lead ICD therapy was not associated with any detectable adverse quality-of-life effects during 30 months of follow-up.