gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speed control experiments for heavy duty vehicles with coordinated friction and engine compression brakes (2004)

In this paper, we describe the development and experimental validation of a coordination scheme between friction and engine compression brakes for a Class 8 Freightliner truck used as a development platform in the California PATH program. The coordination scheme maintains the speed tracking performance of the nominal PID controller, which was originally designed for the case of friction brakes only. Through the coordination scheme, the command of the nominal PID controller is interpreted as a braking torque demand and split into a friction brake command and compression brake command. The split is based on the models for the compression braking torque and friction braking torque developed and identified from open-loop experiments. The results of closed-loop experiments show that the integration of the compression brake into the speed control framework reduces the usage and therefore the wear of the conventional friction brakes.
An engineered CD81‐based combinatorial library for selecting recombinant binders to cell surface proteins: Laminin binding CD81 enhances cellular uptake of extracellular vesicles (2021)

The research of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has boomed in the last decade, with the promise of them functioning as target-directed drug delivery vehicles, able to modulate proliferation, migration, differentiation, and other properties of the recipient cell that are vital for health of the host organism. To enhance the ability of their targeted delivery, we employed an intrinsically overrepresented protein, CD81, to serve for recognition of the desired target antigen. Yeast libraries displaying mutant variants of the large extracellular loop of CD81 have been selected for binders to human placental laminin as an example target. Their specific interaction with laminin was confirmed in a mammalian display system. Derived sequences were reformatted to full-length CD81 and expressed in EVs produced by HeLa cells. These EVs were examined for the presence of the recombinant protein and were shown to exhibit an enhanced uptake into laminin-secreting mammalian cell lines. For the best candidate, the specificity of antigen interaction was demonstrated with a competition experiment. To our knowledge, this is the first example of harnessing an EV membrane protein as mediator of de novo target antigen recognition via in vitro molecular evolution, opening horizons to a broad range of applications in various therapeutic settings.
Coercivity mechanisms in positive exchange-biased Co films and Co/Pt multilayers (2002)

We describe magnetization measurements on a simple model system that mimics the behavior of positive exchange bias. The system consists of an antiferromagnetic CoO layer exchange coupled to antiferromagnetically coupled Co/Ru/Co or $[\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}{]}_{N}/\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}/\mathrm{R}\mathrm{u}/[\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}{]}_{M}$ multilayer films with in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy, respectively. In both cases, the two ferromagnetic layers were chosen to have different thickness with the thinner layer coupled to the CoO layer. When cooled below the blocking temperature of the CoO layer the thinner ferromagnetic layer is pinned and the low-field response is governed by the reversal of the thicker ferromagnetic layer with an effective exchange bias that is mediated via the Ru interlayer. For all the films studied we observe a transition in the effective bias from negative to positive with increasing cooling field. However, when varying the cooling field we find three distinct coercivity behaviors during the transition from positive to negative bias that depends on the anisotropy and microstructure of the ferromagnetic layers.
Compressive Sensing and Morphology Singular Entropy-Based Real-time Secondary Voltage Control of Multi-area Power Systems (2018)

This paper presents an improved secondary voltage control (SVC) methodology incorporating compressive sensing (CS) for a multi-area power system. SVC minimizes the voltage deviation of the load buses while CS deals with the problem of the limited bandwidth capacity of the communication channel by reducing the size of massive data output from phasor measurement unit (PMU) based monitoring system. The proposed strategy further incorporates the application of a Morphological Median Filter (MMF) to reduce noise from the output of the PMUs. To keep the control area secure and protected locally, Mathematical Singular Entropy (MSE) based fault identification approach is utilized for fast discovery of faults in the control area. Simulation results with 27-bus and 486-bus power systems show that CS can reduce the data size up to 1/10th while the MSE based fault identification technique can accurately distinguish between fault and steady state conditions.
Directed 1D Assembly of a Ring‐Shaped Inorganic Nanocluster Templated by an Organic Rigid‐Rod Molecule: An Inorganic/Organic Polypseudorotaxane (2008)

Reifenstapel: Die Anordnung ringförmiger Polyoxomolybdatcluster (MC) durch ein starres stabförmiges p-Phenylenbutadiinylen-Oligomer mit Ammoniumseitengruppen (PBn) ergab eine eindimensionale organisch-anorganische Nanostruktur. Dabei handelt es sich höchstwahrscheinlich um ein Polypseudorotaxan, in dem mehrere MC-Ringe auf einen PBn-Stab gefädelt sind (siehe Bild).
Self-Organized Tubular Structures as Platforms for Quantum Dots (2014)

The combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches offers great opportunities for the production of complex materials and devices. We demonstrate this approach by incorporating luminescent CdSe-ZnS nanoparticles into macroscopic tube structures that form as the result of externally controlled self-organization. The 1-2 mm wide hollow tubes consist of silica-supported zinc oxide/hydroxide and are formed by controlled injection of aqueous zinc sulfate into a sodium silicate solution. The primary growth region at the top of the tube is pinned to a robotic arm that moves upward at constant speed. Dispersed within the injected zinc solution are 3.4 nm CdSe-ZnS quantum dots (QDs) capped by DHLA-PEG-OCH3 ligands. Fluorescence measurements of the washed and dried tubes reveal the presence of trapped QDs at an estimated number density of 10(10) QDs per millimeter of tube length. The successful inclusion of the nanoparticles is further supported by electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, with the latter suggesting a nearly homogeneous QD distribution across the tube wall. Exposure of the samples to copper sulfate solution induces quenching of about 90% of the tubes' fluorescence intensity. This quenching shows that the large majority of the QDs is chemically accessible within the microporous, about 15-μm-wide tube wall. We suggest possible applications of such QD-hosting tube systems as convenient sensors in microfluidic and related applications.
Role of the Ionicity in Defect Formation in Hf-Based Dielectrics (2007)

Ionicity has been raised as an important factor in discussing defect formation in Hf-based oxides. It has been elucidated from our first-principles calculations, that the stability of defects is dominated by Coulomb interactions between charged defects and surrounding ions. For instance, the formation energy of positively charged oxygen vacancies (VO+2) is markedly decreased when they are coupled with substitutional N atoms at O sites, as the nominal charges of N3- are negatively greater than those of the oxygen ions O2-. Our computational results have further revealed that the ionic character of Hf causes generation of a low-lying Si dangling bond level in Si doped HfSiOx. These results suggest that one must take into account the ionicity of the Hf-based compounds, which possess totally different properties from the conventional gate insulator SiO2 in terms of defect formation.
One-Pot Enantioselective Extraction of Chiral Fullerene C76 Using a Cyclic Host Carrying an Asymmetrically Distorted, Highly π-Basic Porphyrin Module (2010)

Optical resolution of nonsubstituted chiral fullerenes such as C(76) is one of the most challenging subjects in host-guest chemistry. The novel cyclic host 1(2H), which bears a meso-diaryl-beta-octaethylporphyrin (P(2H)) unit on one side and its chiral N-2-acetoxyethyl derivative (P(N-EtOAc)) on the other, traps C(76) enantioselectively in its cavity and furnishes 7% enantiomeric excess in a single extraction. Control experiments using reference hosts indicated the importance of the high pi-basicity and large asymmetric distortion of the chiral N-substituted porphyrin unit (P(N-EtOAc)) in 1(2H) for the enantioselection of C(76).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fully Protected Nucleoside‐Folic Acid Conjugated Phosphoramidites and Their Incorporation into Antisense Oligonucleotides (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Clinical Syndrome and the Biochemical Definition (2001)

Diabetes mellitus was recognized in antiquity but although there have been major advances in the understanding of diabetes and metabolism since the discovery of insulin, there was no clear or widely accepted definition of the diabetic state until the early 1980s. The World Health Organization Expert Committee defined the diabetic state as one of chronic hyperglycemia which may result from many environmental and genetic factors, often acting jointly. Hyperglycemia is due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The major effects include long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, including the kidney, retina and cardiovascular system. The clinical symptoms vary in their intensity so the best parameter for epidemiological studies is high blood glucose. In different populations the distribution of blood glucose may vary greatly and it also increases with age. Therefore the study of the distribution of blood glucose in a population is a prerequisite to any study of diabetes in that population.
Evolution of the Fullerenes Group (1996)

In response to the R&D efforts related to the new carbon molecules and materials (fullerenes, nanotubes, and others), a new group of the ECS was formed in 1992. In the intervening years, under the direction of Rod Ruoff and Karl Kadish, this group has held 8 symposia.
IC‐P‐217: PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 18F‐PM‐PBB3, A PET LIGAND FOR DIVERSE TAU PATHOLOGIES (2018)

11C-pyridinylbutadienyl-benzothiazole 3 (11C-PBB3), a tau PET ligand, can visualize tau pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD), non-AD tauopathies and tau transgenic mice. We have developed a 18F-labeled PBB3 derivative, 18F-PM-PBB3, to improve imaging characteristics of 11C-PBB3 and wider availability. The aims of the present study are to evaluate the potential utility of this ligand in AD and non-AD tauopathies, and to establish a simplified method for quantifying tau deposits by PET with 18F-PM-PBB3. To characterize the binding property of 18F-PM-PBB3 to diverse tau inclusions, we performed preclinical evaluations of 18F-PM-PBB3 using brain samples of humans and model mice. Furthermore, to perform a head-to-head comparison between 18F-PM-PBB3 and 11C-PBB3, patients with AD and non-AD tauopathies including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cognitively healthy subjects underwent PET scans with 18F-PM-PBB3 and 11C-PBB3. To evaluate the validity of the PET quantification of 18F-PM-PBB3 binding to tau pathology, arterial blood sampling was performed to determine the binding potential (BPND) of the radioligand based on a compartmental model. BPND by a reference tissue model and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) using cerebellum gray matter as a reference were also calculated. These estimates were compared to the SUVR value of 11C-PBB3 in each subject. Preclinical characterization revealed that 18F-PM-PBB3 can bind diverse tau pathologies, including AD, PSP, corticobasal degeneration, and Pick's disease, with high sensitivity and specificity. It was also demonstrated that 18F-PM-PBB3 cross-reacts with neither monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A nor MAO-B. In the clinical PET study, BPND value of 18F-PM-PBB3 calculated by a compartmental model was in good agreement with BPND determined by a reference tissue model as well as SUVR minus 1. 18F-PM-PBB3 yielded approximately 2-fold higher dynamic ranges of tau- specific signals than 11C-PBB3, while the distributions of specifically bound 18F-PM-PBB3 and 11C-PBB3 were in general agreement. 18F-PM-PBB3 did not produce prominent off-target signals in the basal ganglia. 18F-PM-PBB3 is a promising PET ligand for quantifying tau pathologies in AD and non-AD tauopathy patients with suitable pharmacokinetics, high contrast and minimal parenchymal off-target binding. SUVR can be used as a robust and simplified estimate of the specific radioligand binding.
Functionality of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase in enhancing phosphorus availability to weaned piglets fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet without added inorganic phosphate (2019)

The utility of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase (PhyG) in restoring bone ash, bone phosphorus (P) content and performance in piglets depleted in P was evaluated. A total of 9 treatments were tested as follows. Treatment 1, a negative control (NC) diet; treatments 2, 3, 4, NC supplemented with 250, 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of PhyG; treatments 5, 6, NC supplemented with 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of a commercial <i>Buttiauxella</i> sp phytase (PhyB); treatments 7, 8, 9, NC supplemented with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) to provide 0.7, 1.4 and 1.8 g/kg digestible P, equating to a digestible P content of 1.8, 2.5 and 2.9 g/kg. The latter constituting the positive control (PC) diet with adequate P and calcium (Ca). The NC was formulated without inorganic P (1.1 g digestible P/kg) and reduced in Ca (5.0 g/kg). Additional limestone was added to treatments 7 to 9 to maintain Ca-to-P ratio between 1.2 and 1.3. A total of 162 crossed Pietrain × (Large White × Landrace) 21-d-old piglets (50% males and 50% females) were fed adaptation diets until 42 d old and then assigned to pens with 2 pigs/pen and 9 pens/treatment in a completely randomized block design. Piglets were fed mash diets based on corn and soybean meal <i>ad libitum</i> for 28 d. At the end of the study, one piglet perpen was euthanized and the right feet collected for determination of bone strength, bone ash and mineral content. Compared with the PC, the NC group had reduced average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) during all growth phases and overall, and at d 28 (70 d old) NC pigs had bones with reduced ash, Ca and P content (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The PhyG at 250 FTU/kg improved bone ash vs. NC. Increasing PhyG dose linearly or quadratically improved bone ash, ADG and FCR (<i>P</i> < 0.05). At ≥ 500 FTU/kg, both PhyG and PhyB maintained ADG and FCR equivalent to PC. Linear regression analysis was done to compare the measured response parameters to increasing digestible P from MCP. Based on this analysis it was shown that PhyG and PhyB at 1,000 FTU/kg could replace 1.83 and 1.66 g/kg digestible P from MCP in the diet, respectively, on average across metacarpi bone ash, ADG or FCR. These findings suggest that the biosynthetic phytase is highly effective in the tested dietary setting.
Hormonal regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in cultured rat granulosa cells. (1992)

The maturation of ovarian granulosa cells is dependent upon the pituitary gonadotropin FSH, the actions of which are mediated via specific plasma membrane receptors. To study the regulation of ovarian FSH receptor expression at the mRNA level, we used a specific cRNA probe to evaluate changes in FSH receptor transcripts in cultured granulosa cells. Granulosa cells obtained from immature estrogen-treated rats contained two predominant FSH receptor mRNA transcripts (7.0 and 2.5 kilobases), the levels of which declined in a time-related manner during a 2-day culture period. However, inclusion of FSH (30 ng/ml) in the culture medium prevented the decline in FSH receptor mRNA levels. Compared to controls, treatment of granulosa cells for 48 h with FSH (1-100 ng/ml) increased FSH receptor mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner (ED50, 4.5 ng/ml), with a maximal 5.9 +/- 0.7-fold increase observed in response to 30 ng/ml FSH. The stimulatory actions of FSH were mimicked by the adenyl cyclase activator forskolin (0.1-30 microM), suggesting the involvement of cAMP in FSH receptor gene transcription and/or mRNA stability. Incubation of granulosa cells for 48 h with epidermal growth factor (EGF; 0.3-10 ng/ml), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 1-30 ng/ml), or insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; 1-30 ng/ml) did not affect basal FSH receptor mRNA levels, whereas the highest doses of EGF and bFGF, but not IGF-I, completely suppressed the stimulatory effects of FSH (30 ng/ml) on its own receptor mRNA levels. Similarly, GnRH (10-1000 nM) attenuated the actions of FSH on its receptor mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner (ID50, 8 nM). The inhibitory effects of GnRH (100 nM) were reversed by cotreatment with a GnRH antagonist ([Ac-D-Phe1,D-pCl-Phe2,D-Trp3,6]GnRH; 100 nM), indicating that the actions of GnRH are mediated via specific GnRH receptors. These data indicate that treatment of granulosa cells with FSH increases the levels of two FSH receptor mRNA transcripts. However, this positive feedback system, which may lead to an amplification of FSH action, is tightly regulated by the inhibitory actions of EGF, bFGF, and GnRH. Thus, the use of cultured rat granulosa cells provides a model system to analyze the hormonal regulation of FSH receptor gene expression in the ovary.
Hyper high numerical aperature achromatic interferometer for immersion lithography at 193 nm (2005)

An apparatus for immersion interferometric lithography is described here where the interfering beams are created by illuminating a first diffraction grating followed by a second diffraction grating recombining the diffracted beams onto the photoresist plane. The main advantage of this system is to be achromatic: thus it is possible to use a basic commercial ArF excimer laser as the exposure source. We present here the calculations made to evaluate the different parameters that can influence the depth of focus in the immersion configuration. As the setup is mainly based on the two diffraction gratings, it matters to properly design it. The purpose of this article is to show the optimization made on the diffraction gratings in taking into account their fabrication process since they are fabricated using the capabilities of the silicon line available in our laboratory. On one hand, calculations have been done to determine the second grating period as a function of the first grating period and the “immersion numerical aperature.” By simply adding a fluid to a “dry” system, we will indeed be able to improve the depth of focus but not the resolution. In playing with the diffraction grating periods, we are able to benefit from the introduction of the immersion fluid. We have performed simulations in order to optimize the grating diffraction efficiency as a function of the etch depth and the fractional linewidth. Finally, we report on the results obtained with the achromatic immersion interferometer. The apparatus was used with a 193 nm GAM excimer laser to print resist patterns having a period of 100 nm with excellent contrast.
312. Gene Correction of LGMD2A Patient-Specific iPS Cells for Targeted Autologous Cell Therapy (2016)

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A), an incurable autosomal recessive disorder and the most common form of LGMD, is characterized by symmetric and progressive weakness of limb-girdle muscles leading to loss of ambulation. LGMD2A is caused by mutations in the Calpain 3 (CAPN3) gene which encodes a muscle-specific intracellular calcium-sensitive cysteine protease, hypothesized to act as a gate keeper for proper assembly and maintenance of the sarcomere. A cell therapy based on induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has the potential for treating muscular dystrophy. We have demonstrated that transplantation of skeletal muscle progenitors obtained from disease-free human iPS cells can restore muscle contractility in a mouse model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. The goal of this study is to apply gene editing tools to correct the CAPN3 mutation in LGMD2A iPS cells, and to determine the feasibility of an iPS-cell based autologous cell therapy for LGMD2A. Here we investigated two approaches to genetically correct a LGMD2A patient-specific iPS cell line with homozygous deletion of exon 17 to 24 in the CAPN3 gene. The first approach consisted of knocking in the coding region of CAPN3 cDNA with SV40 polyadenylation signal sequence downstream in exon 1 of the endogenous CAPN3 gene by CRISPR-CAS9 induced double stranded break (DSB) mediated homology directed DNA repair from exogenous donor template, allowing for universal correction of all types of CAPN3 mutations. PCR, sequencing and Southern blot analysis on iPS colonies post- genome editing confirmed the integration of the cDNA in exon 1 of the CAPN3 gene. The second approach involved inserting the missing exons 17-24 with SV40 polyadenylation signal sequence downstream contiguous with the exon 16 of the endogenous CAPN3 gene. PCR and sequencing analysis on iPS colonies post-genome editing confirmed proper integration in this approach as well. LGMD2A iPS cell clones, genetically corrected using these two gene editing methods will be differentiated into skeletal muscle progenitors using conditional expression of Pax7, as previously described by our group, and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for restoration of full length CAPN3. For the latter, we have generated an immunodeficient LGMD2A mouse model by combining the CAPN3-KO mouse model with NOD/SCID and IL2Rg mutations. This mouse is ideal for studies on the transplantation of human cells. In summary, we have corrected the CAPN3 mutation in LGMD2A iPS cells for the first time, and ongoing transplantation studies with corrected iPS cells will provide proof-of-principal for a potential new cell therapy that can permanently restore CAPN3 function in all LGMD2A patients.
Radiation/conduction model for multitube AMTEC cells (1998)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jean-Michel Tournier, Mohamed S. El-Genk; Radiation/conduction model for multitube AMTEC cells. AIP Conf. Proc. 15 January 1998; 420 (1): 1552–1564. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.54784 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Disulfide Bond Formation in Peptides (2001)

The formation of disulfide bridges is often a crucial final stage in peptide synthesis. There is compelling evidence that the disulfide pattern can be critical in the folding and structural stabilization of many natural peptide and protein sequences, while the artificial introduction of disulfide bridges into natural or designed peptides may often improve biological activities/specificities and stabilities. This unit provides a highly selective, albeit state-of-the-art, menu of procedures that can be performed to establish intramolecular or intermolecular disulfide bridges in targets of varying complexities.