gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Structure and Morphology of Atomic Layer Deposition Platinum on SrTiO3 (001) (2009)

The early stages of nucleation and growth of atomic layer deposition (ALD) platinum on SrTiO3 (001) have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the ALD Pt deposits as discrete nanoparticles that grow and coalesce with increasing number of ALD cycles, ultimately resulting in a continuous film after ∼40 cycles. Atomic force microscopy shows the films to be fine-grained and highly conformal such that the 0.4 nm atomic steps of the underlying SrTiO3 (001) surface remain visible even after 80 Pt ALD cycles. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) studies demonstrate that the early stages of Pt ALD yields nanoparticles that are well approximated as cylinders with a height to radius ratio that is nearly unity. Consistent with nanoparticle coalescence, GISAXS also reveals an interparticle spacing that increases with the number of ALD cycles. X-ray fluorescence measurements of the Pt coverage reveal growth dynamics in which the Pt deposition is initially faster than the steady-state growth rate that emerges after 40−70 ALD cycles. These experimental results are understood through the application of a model that suggests that the SrTiO3 surface is more reactive than the Pt species and that Pt diffusion is operative in nanoparticle formation. Overall, this study delineates ALD growth conditions for forming either Pt nanoparticles or continuous Pt thin films on SrTiO3 (001), thus presenting potentially useful substrates for catalysis and microelectronics, respectively.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Nd2−xCexCuO4−y (x=0 and 0.15) thin films (1990)

Electronic structure of Nd2−xCexCuO4−y (x=0 and 0.15) thin films was examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The films were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering and successive annealing under reducing condition (reduction). The reduced films showed semiconducting and superconducting behaviors depending on the value x. The Cu, O, and Nd core-level spectra revealed that the doped electrons were predominantly in CuO2 plane of the Nd2CuO4 crystal. The Cu core-level spectra from x=0.15 films before and after the reduction suggested that the reduction added electrons to Cu4s-O2p extended conduction band, and strengthened Cu O bond covalency to screen the core hole state by mobile itinerant electrons.
Prognostic Impact of Vitamin B6 Metabolism in Lung Cancer (2012)

(Cell Reports 2, 257–269; August 30, 2012) In the original version of this article, published on July 26, an error was inadvertently included in Figure 6C. In particular, Kaplan-Meier curves depicting the disease-free survival and overall survival of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients followed at the MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA) were swapped, due to a labeling problem with the corresponding clinical database. We have double-checked clinical data, and the amended version of the figure is provided here. The corrected figure now appears within the article online as well. This change does not influence any of the conclusions of the paper. The authors apologize for this error and for any confusion that it may have caused. Prognostic Impact of Vitamin B6 Metabolism in Lung CancerGalluzzi et al.Cell ReportsJuly 26, 2012In BriefKroemer and colleagues have discovered that vitamin B6 metabolism not only influences the response of cancer cells to the antineoplastic agent cisplatin, in vitro and in vivo, but also plays a critical role in the cellular management of multiple stress conditions. Accordingly, high expression levels of PDXK, the enzyme that generates the bioactive form of vitamin B6, constitute a good prognostic biomarker in patients with NSCLC. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Tree-based machine learning performed in-memory with memristive analog CAM (2021)

Tree-based machine learning techniques, such as Decision Trees and Random Forests, are top performers in several domains as they do well with limited training datasets and offer improved interpretability compared to Deep Neural Networks (DNN). However, these models are difficult to optimize for fast inference at scale without accuracy loss in von Neumann architectures due to non-uniform memory access patterns. Recently, we proposed a novel analog content addressable memory (CAM) based on emerging memristor devices for fast look-up table operations. Here, we propose for the first time to use the analog CAM as an in-memory computational primitive to accelerate tree-based model inference. We demonstrate an efficient mapping algorithm leveraging the new analog CAM capabilities such that each root to leaf path of a Decision Tree is programmed into a row. This new in-memory compute concept for enables few-cycle model inference, dramatically increasing 10<sup>3</sup> × the throughput over conventional approaches.
Hierarchical graph representations in digital pathology (2021)

Cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response predictions from tissue specimens highly depend on the phenotype and topological distribution of constituting histological entities. Thus, adequate tissue representations for encoding histological entities is imperative for computer aided cancer patient care. To this end, several approaches have leveraged cell-graphs, capturing the cell-microenvironment, to depict the tissue. These allow for utilizing graph theory and machine learning to map the tissue representation to tissue functionality, and quantify their relationship. Though cellular information is crucial, it is incomplete alone to comprehensively characterize complex tissue structure. We herein treat the tissue as a hierarchical composition of multiple types of histological entities from fine to coarse level, capturing multivariate tissue information at multiple levels. We propose a novel multi-level hierarchical entity-graph representation of tissue specimens to model the hierarchical compositions that encode histological entities as well as their intra- and inter-entity level interactions. Subsequently, a hierarchical graph neural network is proposed to operate on the hierarchical entity-graph and map the tissue structure to tissue functionality. Specifically, for input histology images, we utilize well-defined cells and tissue regions to build HierArchical Cell-to-Tissue (HACT) graph representations, and devise HACT-Net, a message passing graph neural network, to classify the HACT representations. As part of this work, we introduce the BReAst Carcinoma Subtyping (BRACS) dataset, a large cohort of Haematoxylin & Eosin stained breast tumor regions-of-interest, to evaluate and benchmark our proposed methodology against pathologists and state-of-the-art computer-aided diagnostic approaches. Through comparative assessment and ablation studies, our proposed method is demonstrated to yield superior classification results compared to alternative methods as well as individual pathologists. The code, data, and models can be accessed at https://github.com/histocartography/hact-net.
Enhancement of optical absorption in solar cells by band-edge effect of photonic crystals. I &#x2014; Formation of multiple bandedges (2013)

We numerically investigate broadband optical absorption enhancement in thin Si photovoltaic devices by multiple photonic band-edges that are produced by higher order modes for the vertical direction and photonic supercell structures.
Preparation of High‐Strength Calcium Phosphate Glass‐Ceramics by Unidirectional Crystallization (1984)

Unidirectionally crystallized CaO‐P 2 O 5 glass‐ceramics were produced by reheating glass rods between 450° and 580°C (glass transition temperature ∼500°C) under a temperature gradient of 30°C/cm. These glass‐ceramics exhibit high bending strength (∼650MN/m 2 ) and toughness. Sample preparation is described and compared with conventional unidirectional solidification of melts. The characteristic mechanical properties are discussed in terms of the texture of the glass‐ceramics.
Subband coding of cyclostationary signals with static bit allocation (2003)

We consider the optimal orthonormal subband coding of zero mean wide sense cyclostationary signals (WSCS), with N-periodic second order statistics. An M-channel uniform filter bank, with N-periodic analysis and synthesis filters, is used as the subband coder. A static bit allocation scheme is used. An average variance condition is used to measure the output distortion. The conditions for maximizing the coding gain parallel those for the case when the signals are wide sense stationary (WSS) and the analysis and synthesis filters and the bit allocation time invariant, in that the subband signals must be mutually decorrelated, and the sum of the power spectral densities of the blocked suband signal in different channels must obey an ordering. This contrasts to the recently studied 2-channel WSCS case, involving a dynamic, periodically varying bit allocation scheme where even the blocked subband signals of the same channel must be mutually decorrelated.
Densification of 8Y‐Tetragonal‐Stabilized Zirconia Optoceramics with Improved Optical Properties by Y Segregation (2016)

8% Yttria‐stabilized zironcia (8 YSZ ) transparent ceramics have a wide technological applications. Segregation of the Y around the grain boundaries is favored by slow heating rate. The optimized sintering parameters helped in obtaining transparent ceramics of 8 YSZ with a high percentage of cubic phase in addition to the presence of tetragonal phase. HRTEM was used to verify the grain growth suppression and to observe the presence of the cubic phase. The presence of cubic phase has suppressed the grain growth, which increased the transparency in the visible and infrared region without the addition of dopants or by utilizing high pressure.
Fibrous Supramolecular Hemoprotein Assemblies Connected with Synthetic Heme Dimer and Apohemoprotein Dimer (2012)

Supramolecular hemoprotein assemblies via heme-heme pocket interaction were prepared by synthetic heme dimers containing a linker with charged amino acids and apohemoprotein disulfide dimers. The mixture of the negatively charged heme dimer and the apomyoglobin dimer provides heterotropic fibrous hemoprotein assemblies, which were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Optimal unsharp mask for image sharpening and noise removal (2004)

We consider the problem of restoring a noisy blurred image using an adaptive unsharp mask filter. Starting with a set of very high quality images, we use models for both the blur and the noise to generate a set of degraded images. With these image pairs, we optimally train the strength parameter of the unsharp mask to smooth flat areas of the image and to sharpen areas with detail. We characterize the blur and the noise for a specific hybrid analog/digital imaging system in which the original image is captured on film with a low-cost analog camera. A silver-halide print is made from this negative; and this is scanned to obtain a digital image. Our experimental results for this imaging system demonstrate the superiority of our optimal unsharp mask compared to a conventional unsharp mask with fixed strength.
Synthesis of prebiotic oligosaccharides derived from lactose and lactulose using immobilized β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum (2012)

In the food industry an increasing aitention is being paid to the synthesis of prebiotic new oligosaccharides derived from lactose (GOS) or with improved prebiotics properties using pgalactosidases since their chemical production is very tedious. β-Galactosidases from different sources are wmmercially availabk, however, in rnany cases their use is limited by a low specific activity, low thermostability or high inhibition by products. Therefore, the search and characterization of new and improved β-galactosidases in GRAS microorganisms is a mandatory subject. Lactobacillus plantamrn, a very interesting source for the production of new enzymes in food. has been described to have tanase activity. However, to the best of our knowledge, its p-galactosidase activity has not been studied yet. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of a β-galactosidase isolated from L. plantamrn (LPG) previously purified, characierized and immobilized in our laboratory. Lactose and lactulose were used as substracts and two different pHs were assayed for production of GOS and oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (OsLu) along the incubation time. A β-galactosidase from L. plantamrn (LPG) was over-expressed in E. coli and purified via a single chromatographic step by using lowly activated IMAC supports as previously described. Production of GOS and OsLu was carried out using 300 g/L of lactose or 450 g/L of lactulose in 50 mM of sodium phosphate and sodium acetate buffer at two different pHs (5 and 7) and 1 g of glyoxyl-LPG during incubation at 45% up to 24 h. Samples of 200 pL were withdrawn from the reaction mixtures at different times. GOS and OsLu were determined by HPAEC-PAD on a CarboPac PA-1 column (250 x 4 mrn) connected to a CarboPac PA-1 (50 x 4 mm) guard column. The elution, at a flow rate of 1 mL min&gt;, was in gradient using 100% of 100 mM NaOH solution from O to 20 min and 0-100% of 100 mM NaOH and 50 mM NaOAc solution from 20 to 70 min. After each run, the column was washed for 10 min with 100% 100 rnM NaOH and 1 M NaOAc. Quantification of carbohydrates was períormed by extemal calibration and the rernaining amount of lactose and lactulose and the yield of GOS and OsLu were expressed as % by weight of the total carbohydrate content in the reaction mixtures. All experiments were períormed in duplicate.
Formation of defect clusters in electron-irradiated diamond at 16 and 87 K (1991)

A type IIa natural diamond was irradiated with 300 kV electrons at 16 and 87 K. Transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy were employed to investigate the phase stability of diamond under electron irradiation. At both temperatures, the diamond structure was found to be stable, and the formation of defect clusters was observed. The present results in comparison to previous work on ion implantation indicate that displacement cascade damage is a prerequisite for irradiation-induced phase transformation from diamond to amorphous carbon or graphite. The temperature dependence of the cluster size suggests that interstitials are thermally mobile above 50 K.
1×12 even fanout using multimode interference optical beam splitter on silicon nanomembrane (2010)

A compact silicon nanomembrane based 1×12 multimode interference coupler (MMI) fabricated on silicon-on-insulator is presented. The strip waveguide structure provides the smallest device size for a single stage MMI with 12 output channels. The MMI exhibits high uniformity up to 0.72 dB and has low loss of 1.13 dB using tranverse-electric (TE) polarised light at 1550 nm wavelength.
Nonequilibrium Model for Sorption and Swelling of Bulk Glassy Polymer Films with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2005)

A new procedure is introduced for the calculation of solubility isotherms of plasticizing agents in glassy polymer matrices with particular application to the case of absorption of supercritical gases in bulk glassy polymer films. The model presented is an extension of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics for glassy polymers (NET-GP) approach, modified to allow for the calculation of the effects of pressure, temperature, and gas concentration on the glass transition. Mass sorption and one-dimensional swelling behavior are analyzed for the carbon dioxide (CO2)−poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) system at high pressure. A quantitative comparison is presented between the model performance and experimental data measured using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and high-pressure ellipsometry (HPE).
Magnetic helicoidal dichroism with XUV light carrying orbital angular momentum (2022)

Abstract Circularly polarized light is a fundamental tool in magnetic studies, notably for magnetization dynamics. It is less common in magneto-optics to exploit the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of value ℓ carried by light beams possessing a helical wavefront. After finding many applications in the visible range, recently OAM pulses with ultra-short duration and XUV wavelengths became available, widening the range of experiments that can be envisaged. We modelled the interaction of an XUV OAM beam with non-uniform magnetic structures, showing that the far field scattered intensity profile encodes the symmetry of the magnetic structure in a way that depends on the sign and value of ℓ. In analogy with magnetic circular dichroism, this effect, named magnetic helicoidal dichroism (MHD), can be observed by inverting the sign of either the orbital momentum or of the magnetization. We obtained experimental evidence of MHD by measuring ℓ-dependent resonant scattering from a magnetic vortex. The results of recent complementary experiments match well the theoretical predictions, confirming the potential of the new toolset provided by MHD for studying the laser-triggered ultrafast dynamics of complex magnetic materials.
Joint Resource Management and Model Compression for Wireless Federated Learning (2021)

We consider the problem of convergence time minimization for federated learning (FL) implemented in wireless systems. In such setups, each wireless edge device transmits its local FL model parameters to a base station (BS). The BS then uses the received FL parameters to generate a common FL model and broadcasts it to all edge devices. Since the FL parameters must be transmitted over wireless links, the convergence time depends not only on the number of training steps, but also on the FL parameter transmission delay at each training step, which can be substantial when conveying a large number of parameters. In addition, due to limited wireless resources such as spectrum, only a subset of edge devices can participate in each FL training step, which can further increase convergence time. Our goal therefore is to optimize wireless resource management and user selection for FL, as well as limit the volume of transmitted FL parameters. In this paper, three schemes for facilitating communication efficient FL are introduced: First, a probabilistic device selection scheme is designed such that the devices that can significantly improve the convergence speed and training loss have high probabilities for FL parameter transmission. Then, given the subset of participating devices, an efficient wireless resource allocation scheme is developed. Finally, a quantization method is proposed to reduce the data size. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed FL method can improve handwritten digit identification accuracy and convergence delay by up to 3% and 90% compared to the conventional FL.
Synthesization, Characterization, and in Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Biomaterials Based on Halloysite Nanotubes (2014)

Halloysite is an aluminosilicate clay that has been widely used for controlled drug delivery, immobilization of enzymes, and for the capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Surface modification of halloysite by organosilanes has been explored to improve their properties. In this study halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) were functionalized by two different organosilanes: Trimethoxy(propyl)silane (TMPS), and Triethoxy(octyl)silane (EOS). Untreated and modified samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results showed a strong interaction of organosilanes with the chemical groups present in HNTs. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of these nanomaterials were determined using C6 rat glioblastoma cells. Our results indicate that prior to functionalization, HNTs show a high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. However, HNTs functionalized with EOS and TMPS showed high cytotoxicity by inducing apoptosis. These results allow the identification of potential applications in biomedical areas for HNTs.
Central and peripheral sites of action for CB2 receptor mediated analgesic activity in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain models in rats (2010)

These results demonstrate that both DRG and spinal cord are important sites contributing to CB₂ receptor-mediated analgesia and that the changes in CB₂ receptor expression play a crucial role for the sites of action in regulating pain perception.
The chemistry of Dodonaea spp. VIII. Isolation and crystal structure of a diterpene acid from Dodonaea petiolaris (1981)

On the basis of physical data, an acid isolated from the title plant is found to be ent -3 ß -acetoxy- 15,16-epoxylabda-8(17),13(16),14-trien-18-oic acid (1) or its enantiomer. The crystal structure of the acid, C22H28O6, was determined from single-crystal diffractometer data at 295(1) K, being refined by least squares to a residual of 0?056 for 922 'observed' reflections; crystals are orthorhombic, P212121, a 16?22(1), b 12?212(5), c 9?976(3) Å, Z 4.
Impact of IgVH mutational status in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with isolated good and intermidiate risk genetic aberrations. (2016)

7534 Background: Genetic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have prognostic impact. The presence of trisomy 12 (T12) and normal karyotype (NK), and 13q deletion (del13q) are associated with an intermediate and good risk profile in CLL, respectively (Dohner, 2000). The unmutated (unmut) status of the immunoglobulin variable heavy chain gene (IgVH) correlates with survival in sole del13q CLL (Gladstone, 2011). The prognostic relevance of IgVH mutational status in intermediate risk genetic variants (T12 and NK) has not been described. We investigated the impact of the IgVH mutational status in CLL patients (pts) with isolated Del13q, T12 or NK in a large cohort. Methods: From January 2000 to January 2013 we identified 1267 CLL patients using the Moffitt Cancer Center and Total Cancer Care databases. Descriptive data was reported in patients with both unmut (< 2% from the germline sequence) and mutated (mut) IgVH (> 2% from the germline sequence). Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. All analyses were done using SPSS version 19.0. Results: We identified 145 CLL patients (median age: 59 years) with isolated del13q (mut = 96, 66.2%; unmut = 49, 33.8%), 49 pts (median age: 64 years) with isolated T12 (mut = 17, 34.7%; unmut = 65.3%), and 79 pts (median age: 57 years) with NK (mut = 41, 51.9%; unmut = 38, 48.1%), respectively. Patients with isolated del13q and mut IgVH had a longer median OS compared to unmut patients (non-reached vs. 10.5 years, p = 0.03). However, the IgVH mutational status did not significantly impact the OS of sole T12 pts (p = 0.29) and NK (p = 0.14). Conclusions: Our results confirm the negative survival impact of unmut IgVH in CLL patients carrying an isolated del13q. However, this association was not seen in CLL pts with T12 and NK in our cohort. Future research should evaluate the imapct of next generation sequencing methods in relation to the IgVH mutational status in CLL pts. IgVH mut IgVH unmut p value 10 year OS Del13q 79% 44% 0.03 Trisomy 12 68% 69% 0.29 Normal karyotype 88% 78% 0.14