gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical characterization of urban spatial radio channels (2002)

We present a statistical analysis of wideband three-dimensional channel measurements at base station locations in an urban environment. Plots of the received energy over azimuth, elevation, and delay planes suggest that the incident waves group to clusters in most measured transmitter positions. A super-resolution algorithm (Unitary ESPRIT) allows one to resolve individual multipath components in such clusters and hence enables a detailed statistical analysis of the propagation properties. The origins of clusters-sometimes even individual multipath components-such as street apertures, large buildings, roof edges, or building corners can be localized on the city map. Street guided propagation dominates most of the scenarios (78%-97% of the total received power), while quasi-line-of-sight over-the-rooftop components are weak(3%-13% of the total received power). For this measurement campaign, in 90% of the cases, 75% of the total received power is concentrated in the two strongest clusters, but only 55% in the strongest one. Our analysis yields an exponential decay of power with 8.9 dB//spl mu/s, and a standard deviation of the log-normally distributed deviations from the exponential of 9.0 dB. The power of cross-polarized components is 8 dB below copolarized ones on average (vertical transmission).
Decreased Histone Acetylation Levels at Th1 and Regulatory Loci after Induction of Food Allergy (2020)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy against cow's milk protein fractions such as whey is one of the most common food-related allergic disorders of early childhood. Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism, shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergies. However, its role in food allergy remains unknown. IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy was successfully induced in a mouse model, as demonstrated by acute allergic symptoms, whey-specific IgE in serum, and the activation of mast cells upon a challenge with whey protein. The elicited allergic response coincided with reduced percentages of regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, matching decreased levels of H3 and/or H4 histone acetylation at pivotal Treg and Th17 loci, an epigenetic status favoring lower gene expression. In addition, histone acetylation levels at the crucial T helper 1 (Th1) loci were decreased, most probably preceding the expected reduction in Th1 cells after inducing an allergic response. No changes were observed for T helper 2 cells. However, increased histone acetylation levels, promoting gene expression, were observed at the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (<i>Stat6</i>) gene, a proallergic B cell locus, which was in line with the presence of whey-specific IgE. In conclusion, the observed histone acetylation changes are pathobiologically in line with the successful induction of cow's milk allergy, to which they might have also contributed mechanistically.
Some metallurgical factors affecting SSC resistance of seamless linepipe (1989)

SSC resistance of seamless linepipes, assessed by constant load tests, varies significantly with their chemical compositions and microstructures. Rs (ratio of SSC threshold stress to yield strength) of a quenched and tempered linepipe is generally higher than that of a normalized linepipe. SSC in normalized steel proceeds in ferrite grains, suggesting that a major controlling factor of the SSC is intragrain strength or ferrite hardness. From this point of view, the relation of ferrite strength and SSC resistance has been investigated. For steels with different strengths which are changed by either precipitation strengthening or solid solution strengthening, an increase in SSC threshold stress is closely correlated with a rise in ferrite hardness, irrespective of grain size and yield strength. Dislocation strengthening also raises ferrite hardness, which leads to an improved SSC resistance. This can be achieved by accelerated cooling and provides excellent toughness.
Role of interleukin-1 in the depression of liver drug metabolism by endotoxin (1986)

Endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice were used to test the hypothesis that a macrophage product, possibly interleukin-1, might mediate the depression of liver cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolism in endotoxin-treated mice. Depression of liver drug metabolism by endotoxin was observed in normal mice (C3H/HeN) but not in C3H/HeJ mice. Serum transfer experiments demonstrated that a serum factor was responsible for the depression of liver drug metabolism. Experiments of passive transfer of peritoneal macrophages showed that this endotoxin-induced factor might be a macrophage product. In vitro experiments showed that endotoxin-stimulated monocytes produced a factor that depressed cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism in cultured hepatocytes. Homogeneous human monocyte and recombinant interleukin-1 also depressed liver drug metabolism both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that this macrophage product might be involved in the regulation of liver function by the immune system.
Early- and Late-Phase Activation ofComplement Evaluated by Plasma Levels of C3d,g andthe Terminal Complement Complex (1985)

Activation of the initial part (early phase) and terminal part (late phase) of the complement cascade was examined. C3d,g and the fluid-phase terminal complement complex were quantified and compared after spontaneous in vitro activation and after acute in vivo activation caused by extracorporeal circulation during coronary artery surgery. The results suggest that there is a close but not complete correlation between early- and late-phase activation of complement, that C3d,g and the terminal complement complex have different elimination rates in vivo, and that these two indicators are valuable for evaluation of early- and late-phase activation, respectively.
Addressing Extrapolation Error in Deep Offline Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Reinforcement learning (RL) encompasses both online and offline regimes. Unlike its online counterpart, offline RL agents are trained using logged-data only, without interaction with the environment. Therefore, offline RL is a promising direction for real-world applications, such as healthcare, where repeated interaction with environments is prohibitive. However, since offline RL losses often involve evaluating state-action pairs not well-covered by training data, they can suffer due to the errors introduced when the function approximator attempts to extrapolate those pairs' value. These errors can be compounded by bootstrapping when the function approximator overestimates, leading the value function to *grow unbounded*, thereby crippling learning. In this paper, we introduce a three-part solution to combat extrapolation errors: (i) behavior value estimation, (ii) ranking regularization, and (iii) reparametrization of the value function. We provide ample empirical evidence on the effectiveness of our method, showing state of the art performance on the RL Unplugged (RLU) ATARI dataset. Furthermore, we introduce new datasets for bsuite as well as partially observable DeepMind Lab environments, on which our method outperforms state of the art offline RL algorithms.
Atomic Layer Deposition of TiOx/Al2O3 Bilayer Structures for Resistive Switching Memory Applications (2014)

The resistive switching (RS) properties of a thin Al 2 O 3 layer and TiO x /Al 2 O 3 bilayers integrated into TiN/metal oxide/Pt crossbar devices are investigated for future memristive device (ReRAM) applications. The oxide bilayer stack is realized in consecutive atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes at 300 °C without any post‐annealing step. Stoichiometric Al 2 O 3 and oxygen‐deficient TiO x thin films are grown from dimethylaluminum isopropoxide [DMAI: (CH 3 ) 2 AlOCH(CH 3 ) 2 ] and tetrakis‐dimethlyamido‐titanium [TDMAT: Ti(N(CH 3 ) 2 ) 4 ], respectively, as the metal sources, and water as the oxygen source. High insulating characteristics are confirmed for as‐grown amorphous Al 2 O 3 films with a dielectric permittivity of 8.0 and disruptive field strength of about 7 MV cm −1 , whereas the oxygen‐deficient TiO x shows semiconducting behavior. The bipolar‐type RS characteristics of TiN/TiO x /Al 2 O 3 /Pt cells show a strong dependence on both oxide layer thicknesses. A stable OFF/ON state resistance ratio of about 10 5 is obtained for the bilayer structure of 5 nm TiO x and 3.7 nm Al 2 O 3 .
Characteristics of main chain decomposable star shaped polymer on EUV lithography (2010)

We prepared three different kinds of polymers. The first was the STAR polymers having various length of the arms connected to the single core which could be decomposed by the acid. The second was the Linear polymers based on p-hydroxystylene (HS) which was also used for the arms of the STAR polymer. The other was the non-decomposable STAR polymer which had a quite similar shape to the STAR polymer and of which core structure could not be decomposed. Using those materials, lithographic performance obtained using a Micro Exposure Tool (MET) was compared with thermal property, and it was found that STAR-9mer-H having the 9 HS unit arms provided best overall performance, 24 nm of ultimate resolution, 4.3 nm of line width roughness and 4.6x10<sup>-8</sup> mJ&bull;nm<sup>3</sup> of Z factor on MET evaluation. In addition to this, the specific resist based on the STAR polymer could achieve 26 nm resolution with quite wider process window capability that the control resist consisting of partially protected poly(p-hydroxystyrene) on the Alpha Demo Tool evaluation with conventional illumination.
Perfect and Defective 13C-Furan-Derived Nanothreads from Modest-Pressure Synthesis Analyzed by 13C NMR (2021)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-enrichment of furan by custom synthesis followed by modest-pressure synthesis of &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-enriched nanothreads enabled a detailed characterization of the reaction products by a full complement of advanced solid-state NMR techniques, with validation by &lt;i&gt;ab initio&lt;/i&gt; calculation of chemical shifts. The &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR spectrum was complex, with more than a dozen distinct features, but almost all (&gt; 95%) represented CH moieties are as expected in nanothreads, with only 2–4% CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 0.3% C=O, and 0.3% COO groups, according to spectral editing. Different components were quantified by integration of the fully equilibrated direct-polarization spectrum. Symmetric and asymmetric alkene-containing rings as well as trapped furan were identified by &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR. The most intriguing component observed was fully saturated perfect &lt;i&gt;anti&lt;/i&gt; furan-derived nanothread segments, with two distinct, sharp peaks, accounting for ca. 10% of the material. The bonding patterns in these periodic structures deduced from DQ/SQ NMR was that of a [4+2] cycloaddition product. While the small number of chemically inequivalent carbon sites eliminated low-symmetry &lt;i&gt;syn/anti&lt;/i&gt; threads, the large number of magnetically inequivalent ones (&lt;i&gt;i.e.,&lt;/i&gt; distinct C-H orientations) in CODEX NMR was incompatible with the high-symmetry &lt;i&gt;syn&lt;/i&gt; threads. &lt;i&gt;Anti&lt;/i&gt; threads with two chemically and eight magnetically inequivalent sites provide the only consistent fit of the experimental data. These conclusions were convincingly corroborated by quantum-chemical simulations, which showed good agreement of isotropic chemical shifts only for the &lt;i&gt;anti&lt;/i&gt; threads. This represents the first molecular-level identification of a specific type of nanothread. The typical length of the perfect, fully saturated thread segments was around 14 bonds and they accordingly constitute small clusters (according to &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H spin diffusion analyses) which likely reside within an overall hexagonal thread packing along with other, less-perfect or less-saturated brethren. The relatively slow &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1C&lt;/sub&gt; relaxation confirms the nanometer-scale length of the periodic perfect structure, indicates that the perfect threads are particularly rigid, and enables their selective observation in &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR. &lt;/p&gt;
Molecular Targeting in Radiotherapy: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (2005)

Radiation therapy is utilized as a treatment to cure or manage cancer; however, because of risk to local healthy tissue-and a modest success rate of some radiotherapy-strategies have been sought that would increase the therapeutic index of the treatment while reducing damage to surrounding tissue. Cell and tissue irradiation stimulates a series of biochemical and molecular signals; various components of this ionizing radiation (IR)-inducible signal transduction cascade can promote the survival of tumor cells. Identification of interactions between IR and a signaling pathway creates an opportunity to target those signaling intermediates to improve the outcome of radiotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also termed ErbB1) is involved in normal development and differentiation of epithelial cells as well as in tumorigenesis. The EGFR is activated by IR, thus making this receptor and other members of the ErbB family important targets for radiosensitizing molecular interventions. Recent approaches have utilized monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, and transgenic technologies to undermine the kinase activity of EGFR.
l-Serine Deficiency Elicits Intracellular Accumulation of Cytotoxic Deoxysphingolipids and Lipid Body Formation (2015)

L-serine is required to synthesize membrane lipids such as phosphatidylserine and sphingolipids. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown how a diminished capacity to synthesize L-serine affects lipid homeostasis in cells and tissues. Here, we show that deprivation of external L-serine leads to the generation of 1-deoxysphingolipids (doxSLs), including 1-deoxysphinganine, in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (KO-MEFs) lacking D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh), which catalyzes the first step in the de novo synthesis of L-serine. A novel mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach demonstrated that 1-deoxydihydroceramide was the most abundant species of doxSLs accumulated in L-serine-deprived KO-MEFs. Among normal sphingolipid species in KO-MEFs, levels of sphinganine, dihydroceramide, ceramide, and hexosylceramide were significantly reduced after deprivation of external L-serine, whereas those of sphingomyelin, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate were retained. The synthesis of doxSLs was suppressed by supplementing the culture medium with L-serine but was potentiated by increasing the ratio of L-alanine to L-serine in the medium. Unlike with L-serine, depriving cells of external L-leucine did not promote the occurrence of doxSLs. Consistent with results obtained from KO-MEFs, brain-specific deletion of Phgdh in mice also resulted in accumulation of doxSLs in the brain. Furthermore, L-serine-deprived KO-MEFs exhibited increased formation of cytosolic lipid bodies containing doxSLs and other sphingolipids. These in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that doxSLs are generated in the presence of a high ratio of L-alanine to L-serine in cells and tissues lacking Phgdh, and de novo synthesis of L-serine is necessary to maintain normal sphingolipid homeostasis when the external supply of this amino acid is limited.
Over-expression of the A3 adenosine receptor in tumor and PBMC of hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A specific therapeutic target (2007)

14085 Background: The Gi protein associated A 3 adenosine receptor (A 3 AR) is highly expressed in colon carcinoma tissue and is reflected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of the patients. Drug candidates with high affinity to the receptor possess anti-cancer effect when administered orally to colon carcinoma bearing animals. The receptor was suggested as a potent therapeutic target and predictive biological marker. Since there is no adequate therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) we looked at the presence of A 3 AR in tumor and PBMC of HCC patients and tested the efficacy of the A 3 AR agonist, CF102 in an experimental rat HCC model. Methods: mRNA and protein A 3 AR expression level were examined in paraffin embedded slides and PBMC from HCC patients utilizing RT-PCR and Western blot (WB) analysis, respectively. Rat HCC model was established by inoculating N1S1 cells to the animals’ liver. Oral treatment with CF102 was initiated 5 days after tumor inoculation. Signaling proteins in tumor lesions and PBMC from the animals was tested by WB analysis. Results: A 3 AR over-expression was found in tumor and PBMC of HCC patients. Receptor over-expression was attributed to high expression of NF-κB, known to act as a transcription factor of A 3 AR. In the HCC bearing rats, A 3 AR was over-expressed in the tumor tissue and PBMC. Upon treatment with CF102 A 3 AR expression was down-regulated followed by inhibition of tumor size (60%±18.4%, p&lt;0.05). Mechanistically, CF102 de-regulated the NF-κB and Wnt signaling pathways. Conclusions: A 3 AR which is up- regulated in HCC tumors may be suggested as a new target to treat this malignancy and as a biological marker to follow up tumor response to the drug. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Energy efficiency for cloud-radio access networks with imperfect channel state information (2016)

The advent of smartphones and tablets over the past several years has resulted in a drastic increase of global carbon footprint, due to the explosive growth of data traffic. Improving energy efficiency (EE) becomes, therefore, a crucial design metric in next generation wireless systems (5G). Cloud radio access network (C-RAN), a promising 5G network architecture, provides an efficient framework for improving the EE performance, by means of coordinating the transmission across the network. This paper considers a C-RAN system formed by several clusters of remote radio heads (RRHs), each serving a predetermined set of mobile users (MUs), and assumes imperfect channel state information (CSI). The network performance becomes therefore a function of the intra-cluster and inter-cluster interference, as well as the channel estimation error. The paper optimizes the transmit power of each RRH in order to maximize the network global EE subject to MU service rate requirements and RRHs maximum power constraints. The paper proposes solving the optimization problem using a heuristic algorithm based on techniques from optimization theory via a two-stage iterative solution. Simulation results show that the proposed power allocation algorithm provides an appreciable performance improvement as compared to the conventional systems with maximum power transmission strategy. They further highlight the convergence of the proposed algorithm for different networks scenarios.
Proportional integral feedback control of ultrafiltration rate in hemodialysis (2022)

The ultrafiltration controller can steer RBV trajectories toward desired RBV ranges while obeying to a set of constraints. Prospective studies in hemodialysis patients with diverse clinical characteristics are warranted to further explore the controllers impact on intradialytic hemodynamic stability, quality of life, and long-term outcomes.
Managing variations among nodes in parallel system frameworks (2023)

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for managing variations among nodes in parallel system frameworks. Sensor and performance data associated with the nodes of a multi-node cluster may be monitored to detect variations among the nodes. A variability metric may be calculated for each node of the cluster based on the sensor and performance data associated with the node. The variability metrics may then be used by a mapper to efficiently map tasks of a parallel application to the nodes of the cluster. In one embodiment, the mapper may assign the critical tasks of the parallel application to the nodes with the lowest variability metrics. In another embodiment, the hardware of the nodes may be reconfigured so as to reduce the node-to-node variability.
Mapping the thermal entrenchment behavior of Pd nanoparticles on planar SiO2 supports (2020)

Thermal treatment of metal nanoparticles at temperatures above 1000 °C leads to the formation of nanopores in amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> planar supports. In this work, we employ Pd/SiO<sub>2</sub> as a model system to investigate how the initial size and distribution of nanoparticles on the SiO<sub>2</sub> surface affects the behavior of the nanoparticles at high temperatures with respect to the formation of nanopores and related structures. We also examine the role of physical processing parameters such as heating temperature, ramp rate, and heating time in altering the type, size, and number density of features formed. These studies reveal that nanopore formation competes with other surface phenomena, including nanoparticle agglomeration and encapsulation, which also occur at high temperatures. We establish that the dominant behavior, among the many competing phenomena occurring at the metal-oxide interface, depends on the initial surface distribution of the nanoparticles. Using this knowledge, we show that the final nanopore diameter and surface density are highly tunable.