gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The versatile X-ray beamline of the Munich Compact Light Source: design, instrumentation and applications (2020)

Inverse Compton scattering provides means to generate low-divergence partially coherent quasi-monochromatic, i.e. synchrotron-like, X-ray radiation on a laboratory scale. This enables the transfer of synchrotron techniques into university or industrial environments. Here, the Munich Compact Light Source is presented, which is such a compact synchrotron radiation facility based on an inverse Compton X-ray source (ICS). The recent improvements of the ICS are reported first and then the various experimental techniques which are most suited to the ICS installed at the Technical University of Munich are reviewed. For the latter, a multipurpose X-ray application beamline with two end-stations was designed. The beamline's design and geometry are presented in detail including the different set-ups as well as the available detector options. Application examples of the classes of experiments that can be performed are summarized afterwards. Among them are dynamic in vivo respiratory imaging, propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, grating-based phase-contrast imaging, X-ray microtomography, K-edge subtraction imaging and X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, plans to upgrade the beamline in order to enhance its capabilities are discussed.
Modulation of oxygen‐carrying capacity of artificial red cells (1993)

Abstract The oxygen‐carrying capacity of artificial red cells (ARC), which were prepared by encapsulating hemoglobin (Hb) into polymerized lipid vesicles, has been investigated in detail. It was found that the effects of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) on the oxygen affinity of stromafree Hb and ARC are quite different. By co‐encapsulating IHP at a IHP:Hb molar ratio of 1.0, the oxygen affinity of the encapsulated Hb in ARC was decreased to such an extent that P 50 was about 60–65 mmHg, and only about 70–80% of the encapsulated Hb could be oxygenated at an oxygen partial pressure (Po 2 ) of about 100 mmHg. As pyridoxal 5‐phosphate (PLP) and chloride ions were coencapsulated instead of IHP, P 50 and the Hill coefficient of the obtained ARC were adjusted to 25–30 mmHg and 2.5–2.8 respectively. The oxygen‐transporting efficiency of PLP‐modulated ARC was similar to or better than that of red blood cells.
Measurements of Xi(c)+ branching ratios (2022)

Using data collected by the fixed target Fermilab experiment FOCUS, we measure the branching ratios of the Cabibbo favored decays $\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^+K^-\pi^+$, $\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^+ \bar{K}^{*}(892)^0$, and $\Xi_c^+ \to \Lambda^0K^-\pi^+\pi^+$ relative to $\Xi_c^+ \to \Xi^-\pi^+\pi^+$ to be $0.91\pm0.11\pm0.04$, $0.78\pm0.16\pm0.06$, and $0.28\pm0.06\pm0.06$, respectively. We report the first observation of the Cabibbo suppressed decay $\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^+K^+K^-$ and we measure the branching ratio relative to $\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^+K^-\pi^+$ to be $0.16\pm0.06\pm0.01$. We also set 90% confidence level upper limits for $\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^+ \phi$ and $\Xi_c^+ \to \Xi^*(1690)^0(\Sigma^+ K^-) K^+$ relative to $\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^+K^-\pi^+$ to be 0.12 and 0.05, respectively. We find an indication of the decays $\Xi_c^+ \to \Omega^-K^{+}\pi^+$ and $\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^{*}(1385)^+ \bar{K}^0$ and set 90% confidence level upper limits for the branching ratios with respect to $\Xi_c^+ \to \Xi^-\pi^+\pi^+$ to be 0.12 and 1.72, respectively. Finally, we determine the 90% C.L. upper limit for the resonant contribution $\Xi_c^+ \to \Xi^{*}(1530)^0 \pi^+$ relative to $\Xi_c^+ \to \Xi^-\pi^+\pi^+$ to be 0.10.
Integrating user behavior with engineering design of point-of-care diagnostic devices: theoretical framework and empirical findings (2019)

With point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices becoming increasingly available to untrained users, it will be critical to understand how real-world user behavior can best inform and guide the engineering design process. Social sciences present frameworks for analyzing user behavior, but they have not yet been applied to POC diagnostics in a methodical manner. Here, we develop a framework that synthesizes two models that can collectively account for user behavior and experience with POC diagnostic devices: a social psychological information-motivation-behavior (IMB) model (first described by Fisher and Fisher) for identifying determinants for health-related behavior, and user experience (UX) elements for studying interactions between users and products. Based on studies of 40 naïve users of our smartphone-enabled microfluidics device that can be used for HIV home-testing, we found that untrained participants could perform 90% of steps correctly, with engineering design elements that provided feedback that was either direct (e.g., a light or click) or binary (e.g., a switch) enhancing usability. Interestingly, of the steps performed incorrectly, over 70% were due not to errors in the device or user operation, but user-to-user variability (e.g. time in collecting fingerstick and force applied to initiate vacuum), which could be addressed by further modifications to the device. Overall, this study suggests that microfluidic POC HIV home-testing is likely to benefit from smartphone integration, and that engineering design of POC diagnostic devices can benefit from a structured evaluation of user behavior and experience, as guided by a social-psychological framework, which emphasizes user credibility, accessibility, acceptability, usability, and value.
Serological analysis of BALB/C methylcholanthrene sarcoma Meth A by SEREX: Identification of a cancer/testis antigen (2000)

Antigens of BALB/c methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma Meth A recognized by the host humoral immune response were investigated by serological analysis of antigens by recombinant expression cloning (SEREX). Immunoscreening a cDNA library from Meth A (Kgamma) cells (Meth A retrovirally transfected with murine IFN-gamma cDNA) with sera from BALB/c mice growing parental Meth A transplants identified 10 antigens. One of them, OY-MS-4, showed characteristics of a cancer/testis (CT) antigen. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that OY-MS-4 was identical to a mouse placenta and embryonic expression gene (pem) known to be selectively expressed during embryogenesis and in transformed cell lines. In adult mice, expression of OY-MS-4 was restricted to testis and placenta. Four of 6 methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas in BALB/c mice showed strong expression of OY-MS-4. In 6 T-cell leukemias, only a dimethylbenzanthracene-induced leukemia, EL4 (C57BL), showed strong expression. Two other tumors, A20.2J and P815, induced by ethylnitrosourea and methylcholanthrene, respectively, also strongly expressed OY-MS-4. The other 9 gene products identified in Meth A by SEREX were expressed in all 15 tumors tested and in a range of normal tissues. Sequence analysis of cDNA inserts coding for the SEREX-defined antigens showed no evidence of mutation. Despite the expression of OY-MS-1-10 antigens in methylcholanthrene sarcomas other than Meth A, no antibody was detected in the sera of mice bearing these other sarcomas. The basis for the unique immunogenicity of OY-MS-1-10 presented by Meth A, but not by other syngeneic tumors expressing these gene products, is unknown.
Give more data, awareness and control to individual citizens, and they will help COVID-19 containment (2021)

The rapid dynamics of COVID-19 calls for quick and effective tracking of virus transmission chains and early detection of outbreaks, especially in the “phase 2” of the pandemic, when lockdown and other restriction measures are progressively withdrawn, in order to avoid or minimize contagion resurgence. For this purpose, contact-tracing apps are being proposed for large scale adoption by many countries. A centralized approach, where data sensed by the app are all sent to a nation-wide server, raises concerns about citizens’ privacy and needlessly strong digital surveillance, thus alerting us to the need to minimize personal data collection and avoiding location tracking. We advocate the conceptual advantage of a decentralized approach, where both contact and location data are collected exclusively in individual citizens’ “personal data stores”, to be shared separately and selectively (e.g., with a backend system, but possibly also with other citizens), voluntarily, only when the citizen has tested positive for COVID-19, and with a privacy preserving level of granularity. This approach better protects the personal sphere of citizens and affords multiple benefits: it allows for detailed information gathering for infected people in a privacy-preserving fashion; and, in turn this enables both contact tracing, and, the early detection of outbreak hotspots on more finely-granulated geographic scale. The decentralized approach is also scalable to large populations, in that only the data of positive patients need be handled at a central level. Our recommendation is two-fold. First to extend existing decentralized architectures with a light touch, in order to manage the collection of location data locally on the device, and allow the user to share spatio-temporal aggregates—if and when they want and for specific aims—with health authorities, for instance. Second, we favour a longer-term pursuit of realizing a Personal Data Store vision, giving users the opportunity to contribute to collective good in the measure they want, enhancing self-awareness, and cultivating collective efforts for rebuilding society.
Effects of an Asymmetric Electrical Pulse on Retinal Excitement for Retinal Prostheses (2018)

Retinal prostheses for blindness electrically stimulate retinas with photoreceptor cell degeneration to evoke a pseudolight sensation (phosphenes). Biphasic symmetric pulses with charge balancing are commonly used for electrical stimulation in retinal prostheses. It has been reported that a charge-balanced biphasic asymmetric pulse can reduce the threshold for electrical evoked responses in cochlear implants. In this study, in order to determine the effectiveness of an asymmetric pulse, we applied single biphasic symmetric and asymmetric pulses transretinally to the eyeball of anesthetized rats. We found that the application of an anodal pulse with a shorter duration and a higher current amplitude evoked a large field response in the superior colliculus (SC) in comparison with a symmetric pulse with the same electrical charge. This result suggests that an asymmetric pulse with a short pulse duration and high current amplitude in the anodal phase is more effective for retinal prostheses than a symmetrical pulse with the same electrical charge.
Split‐shear wave inversion for fracture evaluation (1990)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990Split‐shear wave inversion for fracture evaluationAuthors: Cengiz EsmersoyCengiz EsmersoySchlumberger‐Doll Researchhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1890007 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1890007FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byReliability of the slowness and slowness-polarization methods for anisotropy estimation in VTI media from 3C walkaway VSP dataMehdi Asgharzadeh, Andrej Bóna, Roman Pevzner, Milovan Urosevic, and Boris Gurevich24 June 2013 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 78, No. 5Applications of Azimuthal Anisotropy from Dipole Shear Sonic in Western Venezuela5 March 1996Shear anisotropy analysis from direct and converted wave VSP data using various algorithmsZandong Sun and Michael J. Jones10 February 2005ALGEBRAIC PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATING SHEAR‐WAVE SPLITTING IN NEAR‐OFFSET VSP DATA: THEORY 127 April 2006 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 41, No. 8A decade of shear-wave splitting in the Earth's crust: what does it mean? what use can we make of it? and what should we do next?Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 107, No. 3 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990 ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645 Copyright: 1990 Pages: 1779 publication data© 1990 Copyright © 1990 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Cengiz Esmersoy, (1990), "Split‐shear wave inversion for fracture evaluation," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1400-1403. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1890007 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pseudosolid, Shear-Thinning Gel Formation in Binary Dispersions of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles at Low Volume Fractions (2014)

Hydroxyl groups on the surface of metal oxide nanoparticles (nps) can be protonated or deprotonated depending on solution pH, changing both the magnitude and sign of the nps’ surface charge. Binary mixtures of fumed metal oxide nps, dispersed in water at a solution pH where one species is positively charged and the other is negatively charged, form pseudosolid gels at volume fractions as low as 1.5 vol %. This work maps out regions of gel formation for binary mixtures of silica and alumina nps, silica and titania nps, and alumina and titania nps. The microscopic structure of these gels is investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), acoustic spectroscopy, and light microscopy.
Advanced Mud Gas Logging in Combination With Wireline Formation Testing and Geochemical Fingerprinting for an Improved Understanding of Reservoir Architecture (2007)

Abstract Understanding reservoir architecture is one of the critical factors in successful appraisal and development of any oil/gas field. Increasing drilling costs and environmental challenges has led to the development of alternative appraisal approaches that compliment the more costly and traditional methods such as the drill stem or production test. Therefore, the challenge of obtaining sufficient reservoir and fluid data from complex wells, in short time frames and at manageable costs, has pushed game changing improvements to both mud logging and wire line testing technologies. In the past, interpretation of wireline formation testing data (e.g., static pressure gradient analysis and downhole fluid analyses), PVT and geochemical fingerprinting have provided major inputs for reservoir modeling related to reservoir continuity. However, none of these tools or data sets provide hydrocarbon distributions or fingerprints during the drilling process of a given well; only after the well has reached final depth and LWD and e-logs have been obtained can one begin to speculate on such matters as reservoir continuity. Until recently, standard mud gas logging technologies did not offer the resolution and sensitivity necessary to provide quantitative hydrocarbon description. However, recent developments in advanced mud gas extractors and improved analytical detectors have increased the sensitivity, reliability and accuracy of mud gas fingerprinting. Thus, during the drilling of a given well, mud gas fluid fingerprints, or fluid facies, can be correlated within a given well and mapped to subsurface structural features such as faults and seals or different hydrocarbon bearing intervals. By providing this during the drilling process, anomalies observed in these fluid facies logs can be investigated in more detail during formation evaluation, sample collection, and geochemical fingerprinting techniques. In addition, by systematically combining and integrating these fundamentally different data streams, a much more robust picture of the reservoir fluid distribution becomes clear.
Determining relative rates of cellulose dissolution in ionic liquids through in situ viscosity measurement (2012)

Using in situ viscosity measurement, the rate of cellulose dissolution in a number of ionic liquids has been determined allowing their performance as solvents to be quantitatively assessed. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium ethanoate was shown to dissolve cellulose faster than analogous ionic liquids with chloride or dimethylphosphate anions. Analysis of the data highlights the influence of both anion basicity and relative concentration on the rate of dissolution.
The Influence of Modulating Substances on Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-6 Levels After Injection of Murine Tumor Necrosis Factor or Lipopolysaccharide in Mice (1991)

In this study, we investigated the influence of D-galactosamine (GalN), indomethacin, and dexamethasone on the pharmacokinetics of injected or induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after a bolus injection of murine TNF (mTNF) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It is well known that GalN treatment renders mice much more vulnerable to TNF or LPS lethality. Nevertheless, GalN had no influence on TNF clearance or IL-6 induction after mTNF injection; however, the induced TNF and IL-6 levels were considerably augmented by the GalN cotreatment when a high dose of LPS was injected (GalN was given as a single injection together with TNF or LPS). Indomethacin and dexamethasone, either of which shows a clear protection against TNF/LPS lethality in normal mice, did not change the clearance of injected mTNF, but both reduced the TNF-induced IL-6 levels. Indomethacin did not affect the level and clearance of LPS-induced TNF, whereas the induced IL-6 levels were significantly lower than in the control mice. The circulating TNF and IL-6 concentrations after LPS injection in mice pretreated with dexamethasone were very considerably reduced. Furthermore, neither agent had an influence on the number of TNF binding sites on hepatocytes. We conclude that the strongly enhanced sensitivity of GalN-treated mice towards mTNF-induced or LPS-induced lethality was not reflected in circulating TNF or IL-6 levels, and that dexamethasone and indomethacin both reduce circulating IL-6 concentrations in mice treated with TNF and LPS.
Decidualization and maintenance of a functional prostaglandin system in human endometrial cell lines following transformation with SV40 large T antigen (2006)

Prostaglandins (PGs) are key regulators of reproductive function and associated pathologies. We have established stable endometrial stromal and epithelial cell lines with SV40 large T antigen (TAG) as a model to study PG action in the human endometrium. Two clones for each cell type were selected for rapid growth, PG production and response to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). The resulting stromal (HIESC) and epithelial (HIEEC) cells retain their characteristics for at least 40 population doublings (PDs). The selected clones express progesterone (PR) and estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) at both mRNA and protein levels. By contrast, with the existing known human endometrial cell lines Ishikawa and KLE, HIESC and HIEEC increase their production of PGF2alpha and PGE2 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expression in response to IL-1beta. The latter cells also express the main biosynthetic enzymes involved in PG production, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2), COX-1 and COX-2, PGF synthase and PGE synthase and the corresponding EP2, EP3, EP4 and FP receptors. The selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 completely inhibits the increased production of PGs induced by IL-1beta in both cell types, whereas dexamethasone (DEX) exerts a stronger inhibition in HIESC than in HIEEC. The latter observation may be related to the higher expression of COX-1 measured in HIEEC. On the basis of the present characterization and previous determination of corresponding primary cell cultures, HIESC and HIEEC appear appropriate to study the contribution of PGs in the regulation of human endometrium function and associated pathologies.
Preparation of TADDOL Derivatives for New Applications (1999)

Substitution of one or both TADDOL OH groups by other functional groups X, Y is key to new applications of this cheap chiral auxiliary. The Appel reaction and treatment with SOCl2 provide the mono- and dichlorides, respectively. The chlorides are, in turn, replaced by various nucleophiles, and further modifications give a large variety of derivatives, including mono- and ditritylated dioxolanes. The new compoundsavailable in either enantiomeric formare ready to be used in enantioselective synthesis and as dopants in liquid crystals.
RF Energy Harvester Circuits Supplied with Multi-sine Signals (2023)

Radio frequency (RF) harvesting is showed to be a feasible technique to power energy neutral devices, providing a flexible solution to exchange small amounts of energy. The rectifier, used to convert RF to direct current (DC), introduces non-linearities, degrading the efficiency of the RF harvester. Different techniques are studied in literature to address this challenge, e.g., by using high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signals. This research presents several PySpice rectifier models to evaluate the efficiency of different signal waveforms and RF harvester architectures. In this work, these models are utilized to assess the energy-efficiency gain of high PAPR signals with respect to single tone signals. As resulted from this work, we concluded that the gains of high PAPR signals depend strongly on the rectifier circuit, even having an adverse effect in case of a voltage doubler.
An infra-red remote sensing system for the active detection and automatic determination of insect flight trajectories (IRADIT) (1984)

Abstract A non-technical description is given of a new, powerful, low cost field system (Infra-red Active Determination of Insect Flight Trajectories or IRADIT) for detailed and automatic remote sensing studies of natural insect flight behaviour. The special requirements and difficulties of the detection problem are defined. A series of examples of field devices and techniques are presented to illustrate the key factors of the optical sensing and tracking of insects in flight. In the finally adopted IRADIT system, flying insects are differentially illuminated, under all natural light conditions, by an intense beam of pulsed near-infra-red radiation and detected using a shuttered image intensifier linked with a video camera operating at a rate of 50 frames per second. Immediate fully-automatic determination of the flight trajectories of several simultaneously detected insects was achieved, at this same high rate and in the presence of sky background photon noise, by processing the video signals with electronic circuits and a microcomputer. Flight trajectories are influenced by the local wind, whose vector must be subtracted to study insect flight behaviour. This was achieved by the use of a specially developed sensitive three-vector vane anemometer, providing digital data to the microcomputer at a minimum rate of 5 Hz. In tests of the prototype IRADIT-anemometer system in the field, insects with wing area of only 1·5 mm 2 and flying against the midday sky were readily tracked at ranges up to 15 m. A range of at least 100 m is expected for nocturnal moth tracking.
Design of single-mode narrow-bandwidth thermal emitters for enhanced infrared light sources (2012)

We design efficient thermal emitters based on intersubband transitions (ISB-Ts) in quantum wells and two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) slabs that have single-mode, very narrowband emission with high emissivity. Our design strategy involves positioning a single isolated mode of the PC within the absorption range of the ISB-T, where the mode&#x2019;s radiation rate is precisely matched with the absorption rate of the ISB-T. The optimized design for this class of thermal emitters has a single-peak emission with a quality factor of &#x223C;600, an emissivity of &#x223C;0.9, and a radiation divergence cone of &#x223C;20&#xB0;, surpassing, by a large margin, the performance of previous designs. We also demonstrate, for practical application purposes, that the required input power for our best-performing emitter to reach a given temperature threshold is less than a factor of 200 compared to that of a blackbody.