gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weatherability of conventional composites and nanocomposites of PVC and rutile titanium dioxide (2016)

Rigid poly(vinyl chloride) [PVC] composites with 0 to 4 wt% of either conventional or nanoscale rutile titanium dioxide filler were injection molded. Rutile titania absorbs solar UVR efficiently and is typically used in rigid PVC formulations as an opacifier and protects the polymer from light‐induced degradation. A comparison of the stabilization effectiveness of the two types of fillers were assessed by monitoring the change in tensile properties and development of light‐induced surface yellowing of the composites on exposure outdoors as well as under laboratory accelerated conditions. A comparison of the conventional and nanoscale uncoated rutile tiania as a light‐stabilizer in rigid PVC is reported. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2135–2141, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
A High-Speed Moving Average Integrator in Silicon Photonics for TIA-Less Receivers (2020)

A high-speed moving average integrator in silicon photonics is demonstrated. The integrator is monolithically fabricated with an optical receiver front-end operating at 1550 nm. The design consists of an optical splitter, an optical low-loss delay line to implement a 400 ps delay between the two received bit streams, two SiGe photodiodes, and a 200 fF capacitor. The proposed moving average structure can perform four-bit integration at 10 Gbps. The resulting signal at the output of the integrator is the moving average of the received bit streams. The moving average integrator is validated through measurements and simulations at 2.5 and 5 Gbps. The proposed structure facilitates the development of next generation cost-effective and energy-efficient optical transceivers by exploiting optical time delay and moving average operation in silicon photonics. This mitigates the need for multiple clock phase generation and trans-impedance amplification on the electronic chip.
Roll-to-roll light directed electrophoretic deposition system and method (2023)

A roll-to-roll light directed electrophoretic deposition system and method advances a roll of a flexible electrode web substrate along a roll-to-roll process path, where a material source is positioned to provide on the flexible electrode web substrate a thin film colloidal dispersion of electrically charged colloidal material dispersed in a fluid. A counter electrode is also positioned to come in contact with the thin film colloidal dispersion opposite the flexible electrode web substrate, where one of the counter electrode and the flexible electrode web substrate is a photoconductive electrode. A voltage source is connected to produce an electric potential between the counter electrode and the flexible electrode web substrate to induce electrophoretic deposition on the flexible electrode web substrate when the photoconductive electrode is rendered conductive, and a patterned light source is arranged to illuminate the photoconductive electrode with a light pattern and render conductive illuminated areas of the photoconductive electrode so that a patterned deposit of the electrically charged colloidal material is formed on the flexible electrode web substrate.
Asymmetric bromine–lithium exchange: on the importance of both the diamine ligand and the organolithium reagent (2015)

The asymmetric bromine-lithium exchange on a series of prochiral biphenyls was investigated. As in many asymmetric organolithium reactions, the chiral ligand (here a diamine) was considered to be the enantiocontrolling element. We show here that the organolithium reagent also plays an important role.
High speed optical modulation in Ge quantum wells using quantum confined stark effect (2012)

We focus on the optimization of SiGe material deposition, the minimization of the parasitic capacitance of the probe pads for high speed, low voltage and high contrast ratio operation. The device fabrication is based on processes for standard Si electronics and is suitable for mass-production. We present observations of quantum confinement and quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) electroabsorption in Ge quantum wells (QWs) with SiGe barriers grown on Si substrates. Though Ge is an indirect gap semiconductor, the resulting effects are at least as clear and strong as seen in typical III-V QWstructures at similar wavelengths. We also demonstrated a modulator, with eye diagrams of up to 3.5 GHz, a small driving voltage of 2.5 V and a modulation bandwidth at about 10 GHz. Finally, carrier dynamics under ultra-fast laser excitation and high-speed photocurrent response are investigated.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN FATTY ACID AVAILABILITY DURING MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE (2002)

The ability of women to oxidize more fat than men during exercise remains controversial. Potential gender differences in substrate supply may underlie the discrepant findings. Purpose: To determine gender differences in temporal pattern of fatty acid availability from both plasma sources, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lipoprotein triglycerides (Ptg(fa)), as well as, skeletal muscle triglycerides during moderate intensity exercise. Methods: Endurance-trained men (n = 6) and women (n = 6) were studied during a two hour cycling bout at 65% VO2peak. A constant infusion of U13C-palmitate was given to determine fatty acid uptake and utilization. Periodic indirect calorimetry was performed in conjunction with femoral arterio-venous and muscle biopsy sampling of the vastus lateralis throughout exercise. Values are mean ± sem. Results: Combining the two plasma fatty acid sources NEFA and Ptg(fa) available to leg skeletal muscle, the men had an increased pattern of uptake over time 85 ± 209 to 394 ± 129 μmol/min whereas the women had a relatively constant uptake compared to the men 326 ± 50 to 250 ± 85 μmol/min (interaction, p < 0.025). Temporal differences in mobilization of muscle lipid, especially muscle triglyceride, were also apparent. Women showed early mobilization (first 30 minutes), while the men demonstrated a large degree of net breakdown late in exercise (final 30 minutes) (interaction, p < 0.035). The plasma triglyceride component of total uptake tended to be greatest when muscle lipid mobilization was concurrently elevated. Taken together, these profiles of fatty acid availability tracked with the observed gender differences in fat oxidation. Conclusion: Endurance-trained men and women exhibit different temporal patterns in the availability of fatty acids during moderate exercise performed at the same relative intensity. Supported by NIH R01DK38010 and M01RR 00073
Learning Robust Models Using The Principle of Independent Causal\n Mechanisms (2020)

Standard supervised learning breaks down under data distribution shift.\nHowever, the principle of independent causal mechanisms (ICM, Peters et al.\n(2017)) can turn this weakness into an opportunity: one can take advantage of\ndistribution shift between different environments during training in order to\nobtain more robust models. We propose a new gradient-based learning framework\nwhose objective function is derived from the ICM principle. We show\ntheoretically and experimentally that neural networks trained in this framework\nfocus on relations remaining invariant across environments and ignore unstable\nones. Moreover, we prove that the recovered stable relations correspond to the\ntrue causal mechanisms under certain conditions. In both regression and\nclassification, the resulting models generalize well to unseen scenarios where\ntraditionally trained models fail.\n
2-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one Derivatives as Potent and Selective Histamine-3 Receptor Antagonists (2012)

On the basis of the previously reported benzimidazole 1,3'-bipyrrolidine benzamides (1), a new class of 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives (3-50) were synthesized and evaluated as potent H(3) receptor antagonists. In particular, compound 39 exhibited potent in vitro binding and functional activities at the H(3) receptor, good selectivities against other neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels, acceptable pharmacokinetic properties, and a favorable in vivo profile.
Modulated Structures in Superconductor Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O Oxides: Crystal Structure of Tl2Ba2CuO6+x Phase (1988)

A crystal structure of Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6+ x oxide, which was not a superconductor, was studied by an electron microscope. The unit cell parameters are a = b =3.85 Å and c =23.02 Å. The crystal was found to be one of a series of compounds expressed by Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca n Cu n +1 O 2(3+ n )+ n in Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (TBCCO) oxide systems. The crystal has an incommensurate superstructure modulation in the (100) planes, whose occurrence is different from the (110) plane modulation found in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) systems. The modulation takes place in the BaO-TlO-TlO-BaO slabs with a period 6.6× a along the [100] direction.
Sampling for yield, height and panicle length in replicated field experiment on pearl-millet. (1980)

Information on number of rows and on plants/row for sampling of pearl millet for grain yield, plant ht. and panicle length is given
Potential for reduction of fuel consumption to meet future CO2 emission targets (2014)

Even though fuel efficiency has always been an important factor in powertrain development over the year, CO2 emissions have, thus far, not been restricted by legislation. Therefore, the major technological innovations in the past years have focused on the reduction of nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. However, the introduction of CO2 emission limits for on-road engines in the USA from 2014 onwards has changed the engineering landscape, placing CO2 emissions and thereby fuel efficiency firmly in focus. In this work, the impact of a variety of technologies on the fuel efficiency of on-road commercial engines is presented. Among the technologies discussed are engine-internal measures like boosting, injection pressure and injection system, combustion system layout and down-speeding. Additionally, friction reduction measures in the engine, as well as advanced energy recovery systems are viewed regard to fuel savings. From a point of view of sustainable future mobility, under adherence of limits of currently restricted exhaust gas components, feasible combinations to meet future CO2 emission targets are proposed.
Antifungal activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts and its active constituent glabridin (2009)

Glabridin, an active constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, was found to be active against both yeast and filamentous fungi. Glabridin also showed resistance modifying activity against drug resistant mutants of Candida albicans at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 31.25-250 microg/mL. Although the compound was reported earlier to be active against Candida albicans, but this is the first report of its activity against drug resistant mutants.
An algorithm for clustering cDNAs for gene expression analysis (1999)

We have developed a novel algorithm for cluster analysis that is based on graph theoretic techniques. A similarity graph is defined and clusters in that graph correspond to highly connected subgraphs. A polynomial algorithm to compute them efficiently is presented. Our algorithm produces a clustering with some provably good properties. The application that motivated this study was gene expression analysis, where a collection of cDNAs must be clustered based on their oligonucleotide fingerprints. The algorithm has been tested intensively on simulated libraries and was shown to outperform extant methods. It demonstrated robustness to high noise levels. In a blind test on real cDNA fingerprint data the algorithm obtained very good results. Utilizing the results of the algorithm would have saved over 70% of the cDNA sequencing cost on that data set.
Energy partition inC60-diamond-(111)-surface collisions: A molecular-dynamics simulation (1994)

Collisions of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ with hydrogen-terminated diamond-(111) surfaces were studied by molecular-dynamics simulations based on a semiempirical density-functional approach. The dominating factor determining the energy partition in the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$-diamond-(111)-surface collision at constant impact energy is the orientation of the molecules relative to the initial impact points on the surface. In agreement with the experimental results using velocity-selective time-of-flight mass spectroscopy the center-of-mass kinetic energies after the collisions are distributed around a mean value which is only slightly affected by the initial impact energy. The final energy content of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$'s increases with the incident kinetic energy, depends strongly on the impact scattering topology, and yields a narrow distribution with increasing mean values in correlation with lower center-of-mass kinetic energies.
Synaptobrevin Transmembrane Domain DimerizationRevisited (2004)

Synaptobrevin is a membrane-spanning soluble N-ethyl maleimid-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein of synaptic vesicles that is essential for neurotransmitter release. Various lines of evidence indicate that it exists alternatively as a monomer, as a homodimer, as a heterodimer with synaptophysin, or as a ternary complex with other SNAREs at the various stages of the synaptic vesicle cycle. Homodimerization of synaptobrevin was previously shown by different authors to depend on its single transmembrane segment, and the crucial residues forming the helix−helix interface have been mapped. Since another recent study challenged these results, we reinvestigated this issue. Here, we show that native synaptobrevin can be cross-linked in synaptic vesicle membranes to a homodimer by disulfide bond formation between cysteine residues of the transmembrane segment. Further, we demonstrate that determination of synaptobrevin transmembrane segment interactions in membranes or in detergent solution requires careful control of experimental conditions. Thus, our present results corroborate that homodimerization of synaptobrevin is mediated by its transmembrane segment.
Lactococcus lactis SpOx Spontaneous Mutants: a Family of Oxidative-Stress-Resistant Dairy Strains (2005)

Numerous industrial bacteria generate hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which may inhibit the growth of other bacteria in mixed ecosystems. We isolated spontaneous oxidative-stress-resistant (SpOx) Lactococcus lactis mutants by using a natural selection method with milk-adapted strains on dairy culture medium containing H(2)O(2). Three SpOx mutants displayed greater H(2)O(2) resistance. One of them, SpOx3, demonstrated better behavior in different oxidative-stress situations: (i) higher long-term survival upon aeration in LM17 and milk and (ii) the ability to grow with H(2)O(2)-producing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii strains. Furthermore, the transit kinetics of the SpOx3 mutant in the digestive tract of a human flora-associated mouse model was not affected.
Phase Behavior and Viscoelastic Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Gels Based on ABC Triblock Copolymers (2005)

The structure and the rheological properties of thermoplastic elastomer gels composed of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) triblock copolymer (SBM) in a selective solvent for the midblock have been investigated over a wide range of concentrations. At low polymer concentration, the S and M endblocks are mixed into spherical microdomains and SBM gels behave like ordinary ABA triblocks. At sufficiently large polymer concentration, S and M are segregated in distinct cylindrical or lamellar microdomains dispersed in an elastomer matrix comprising the B midblocks swollen with the solvent. The low-frequency storage modulus significantly increases upon demixing. Hence, under appropriate conditions, the presence of two different endblocks in ABC copolymers can promote bridge formation and lead to elastomer gels with improved mechanical performance.
High-brightness laser-based White light sources for automotive lighting applications (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Modern vehicle lighting systems are intended to improve safety on the road by providing the adequate visibility to the drivers under different driving conditions from within a compact housing. Using a high-power semipolar GaN-based blue laser diode (>3W) that pumps a yellow phosphor in a remote position, BMW and SLD co-developed a new high-luminance white point-like source having a peak brightness of over 1000 cd/mm², which is 10 times than that of high-power white LEDs. This results in extending the range of the visibility to the maximum regulatory photometric values (~600m) and in enhancing the contrast of different light distributions in the far-field. New lighting functions, devoted to guiding, assistance and communication, for example between self-driving vehicles and pedestrians, require variable, free patterned light distributions that are clearly perceivable by the driver and/or pedestrians. One way to achieve them is through the use of high-luminance, dynamic light sources with a higher luminous flux and a higher “automotive” lifetime. Such sources should enable a relatively high resolution in the far-field. Multiple efficient, high-power semi-polar blue laser emitters have therefore to be integrated in a thermo-optically stable package. Different patterns are generated on an optimized structured phosphor that is excited by a moving blue laser spot. This dynamic is enabled by a robust, compact, fast beam steering MEMS mirror. The pattern is projected in the far-field using a customized secondary optical system. Eye safety measures that ensure a safe usage in the vehicle and in the manufacturing sites, have to be implemented in such sources.
Template Effect for O2 Addition across cis-Sulfur Sites in Nickel Dithiolates (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTemplate Effect for O2 Addition across cis-Sulfur Sites in Nickel DithiolatesCraig A. Grapperhaus, Marcetta Y. Darensbourg, Lloyd W. Sumner, and David H. RussellView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University College Station, Texas 77843 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7, 1791–1792Publication Date (Web):February 21, 1996Publication History Received17 October 1995Published online21 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953489ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953489irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ionization,Ions,Oxygen,Sulfur,Thiolates Get e-Alerts
Reexploring the rotating-slit as a collimator for adaptive SPECT (2015)

We have developed a SPECT gamma photon ray-tracing method based on the SolidWorks™ stereolithography (.STL) file format that models penetration, scatter, and fluorescence in the design work flow. With this powerful tool, now we are able to model various kinds of novel SPECT systems including those with moving collimators. In this work, the configuration of a rotating-slit aperture in combination with a 1D or 2D detector is revisited, and the method of virtual pinhole synthesis is discussed. Our preliminary simulation results indicate an increasing advantage with decreasing aperture size due to the relatively larger sensitivity of slit apertures compared to real pinhole apertures.
Formatting antibody fragments to mediate specific therapeutic functions (2002)

Conference Abstract| June 01 2002 Formatting antibody fragments to mediate specific therapeutic functions A. N. C. Weir; A. N. C. Weir 1Celltech R&D, 216 Bath Road, Slough, UK SL14EN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Nesbitt; A. Nesbitt 1Celltech R&D, 216 Bath Road, Slough, UK SL14EN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Chapman; A. Chapman 1Celltech R&D, 216 Bath Road, Slough, UK SL14EN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Popplewell; A. Popplewell 1Celltech R&D, 216 Bath Road, Slough, UK SL14EN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. Antoniw; P. Antoniw 1Celltech R&D, 216 Bath Road, Slough, UK SL14EN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. D. G. Lawson A. D. G. Lawson 1Celltech R&D, 216 Bath Road, Slough, UK SL14EN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 2002 Biochemical Society2002 Biochem Soc Trans (2002) 30 (3): A68. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst030a068 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A. N. C. Weir, A. Nesbitt, A. Chapman, A. Popplewell, P. Antoniw, A. D. G. Lawson; Formatting antibody fragments to mediate specific therapeutic functions. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 2002; 30 (3): A68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst030a068 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 Biochemical Society2002 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Apoptosis in Xenopus tadpole tail muscles involves Bax‐dependent pathways (1997)

Apoptosis is a fundamental mechanism implicated in normal development. One of the most spectacular developmental events involving apoptosis is tail regression during amphibian metamorphosis. We analyzed how thyroid hormone (3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine, T3), the orchestrator of metamorphosis, affects expression and function of the proapoptotic gene Bax in the tail muscle of free-living Xenopus tadpoles. During natural metamorphosis Bax mRNA was expressed in tail muscles and was spatially correlated with apoptosis. Precocious treatment of tadpoles with T3 induced Bax expression and apoptosis. To verify that Bax expression was causally related to apoptosis we used a naked DNA gene transfer method to express Bax in the dorsal tail muscle. This induced apoptosis, and the process was exacerbated by T3 treatment. To determine whether T3 effects on Bax expression involved transcriptional regulation, we injected a Bax promoter sequence into dorsal and caudal tail muscles. In the dorsal muscle, T3 treatment did not affect transcription from the Bax promoter. However, in the caudal muscle, T3 treatment significantly increased Bax transcription. We conclude that T3-induced apoptosis in Xenopus tadpole tail muscles involves Bax-activating and Bax-synergis tic mechanisms. These programs are induced in spatially and temporally distinct manners.