gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Ion Permeation in Congested Nanochannels: The Exposure Effect of Ag+ Ions on the Phosphorescent Properties of a Gold(I)–Pyrazolate Complex that is Confined in the Nanoscopic Channels of Mesoporous Silica (2012)

An organometallic/silica nanocomposite of a 1D cylindrical assembly of a trinuclear gold(I)-pyrazolate complex ([Au(3)Pz(3)]) that was confined inside the nanoscopic channels of hexagonal mesoporous silica ([Au(3)Pz(3)]/silica(hex)), emitted red light with a luminescence center at 693 nm upon photoexcitation at 276 nm owing to a Au(I)-Au(I) metallophilic interaction. When a film of [Au(3)Pz(3)]/silica(hex) was dipped into a solution of Ag(+) in tetrahydrofuran (THF), the resulting nanocomposite material (Ag@[Au(3)Pz(3)]/silica(hex)) emitted green light with a new luminescence center at 486 nm, which was characteristic of a Au(I)-Ag(I) heterometallic interaction. Changes in the emission/excitation and XPS spectra of Ag@[Au(3)Pz(3)]/silica(hex) revealed that Ag(+) ions permeated into the congested nanochannels of [Au(3)Pz(3)]/silica(hex), which were filled with the cylindrical assembly of [Au(3)Pz(3)].
The influence of annihilation processes on the threshold current density of organic laser diodes (2007)

We examine the impact of various annihilation processes on the laser threshold current density of a multilayer organic laser diode by numerical simulation. Our self-consistent numerical model treats the dynamics of electrons, holes, and singlet as well as triplet excitons in the framework of a drift-diffusion model. The resulting particle distributions enter into an optical model. In our approach, a three layer waveguide structure is taken into account and the resulting laser rate equations are solved. Various annihilation processes are included as reactions between the different particle species in the device employing typical annihilation rates and material properties of organic semiconductors. By systematically varying the device dimensions and the annihilation rate coefficients, the dominating quenching processes are identified. The threshold current density is found to depend sensitively on the thickness of the emission layer. The influence of annihilation processes on the threshold current density is quantified as a function of the emission layer thickness and various annihilation rate coefficients. Using typical annihilation rate coefficients singlet-polaron annihilation is found to be the dominating quenching process. Maximum annihilation rate coefficients are calculated allowing a threshold current density below 1kA∕cm2. Singlet-triplet annihilation is recognized as another main loss process for singlet excitons. In our model the singlet exciton density is increased by triplet-triplet annihilation whereas it is diminished by singlet-triplet annihilation. The ratio of the rate coefficients for singlet-triplet and triplet-triplet annihilations is identified to be critical for the total number of singlet excitons being quenched by triplet excitons.
Enhanced wall plug efficiency of AlGaN-based deep-UV LEDs using Mo/Al as p-contact (2020)

P-type contacts with a high reflectivity in the ultraviolet spectral region made of molybdenum/aluminum (Mo/Al) on AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) emitting at 265 nm have been investigated. Optimized Mo/Al contacts are shown to have a high optical reflectivity above 75% at 265 nm. DUV LEDs with an absorbing p-AlGaN heterostructure operated at 20 mA show a 15% higher light output power and a 1 V lower voltage when Mo/Al instead of Pt is used as p-contact. The effect on the voltage of DUV LEDs with a UV-transparent p-side heterostructure is similar. Moreover, DUV LEDs with a Mo/Al contact show a lower operation voltage compared to LEDs with an indium tin oxide/aluminum (ITO/Al) p-contact where the ITO is intended to form a semitransparent low-resistance contact and the Al serves as a reflector.
Identification of a sequence element on the 3' side of AAUAAA which is necessary for simian virus 40 late mRNA 3'-end processing. (1985)

Our previous studies of the 3'-end processing of simian virus 40 late mRNAs indicated the existence of an essential element (or elements) downstream of the AAUAAA signal. We report here the use of transient expression analysis to study a functional element which we located within the sequence AGGUUUUUU, beginning 59 nucleotides downstream of the recognized signal AAUAAA. Deletion of this element resulted in (i) at least a 75% drop in 3'-end processing at the normal site and (ii) appearance of readthrough transcripts with alternate 3' ends. Some flexibility in the downstream position of this element relative to the AAUAAA was noted by deletion analysis. Using computer sequence comparison, we located homologous regions within downstream sequences of other genes, suggesting a generalized sequence element. In addition, specific complementarity is noted between the downstream element and U4 RNA. The possibility that this complementarity could participate in 3'-end site selection is discussed.
Clopidogrel resistance is common in patients undergoing vascular and coronary interventions (2022)

"Clopidogrel resistance" or HPR was found to be present in nearly half of patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing intervention. Our data suggest HPR is more common in the cardiovascular patient population than previously appreciated. Evaluating patients for HPR is both inexpensive ($25) and rapid (< 10 min). Future randomized studies are warranted to determine whether HPR has a clinically detectable effect on revascularization outcomes.
Preparation of organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells by evaporative spray deposition from ultradilute solution (2004)

An organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cell (OPC) having a thin layer consisting of a functionalized fullerene and a poly-p-phenylenevinylene (PPV) derivative was prepared from a highly diluted tetrahydrofuran solution at the concentration below 1 ppm by the evaporative spray deposition from ultradilute solution (ESDUS) technique. The power conversion efficiency of the OPC prepared from 1:1 mixture solution of fullerene/PPV derivative at the concentration of 1 ppm was 0.69%, which was almost comparable to that prepared by the conventional spin coating technique from 0.5 wt % chlorobenzene solution of the mixture. Although the bulk heterojunction OPCs are known to show relatively high power conversion efficiency, they have two major problems for development of higher device performance. One is a solubility problem of used materials and the other is a strong dependence of the device performance on the preparation solvent. The former has been a stumbling block to improve the performance by examining various combinations of organic materials. The latter has compelled to use relatively toxic solvents such as a chlorobenzene to prepare the devices. Those problems could be solved by the ESDUS technique to fabricate an organic film of almost insoluble materials.
Simulation of a double-junction GaAs-alloy structure as a probe for high efficiency solar cells in the visible (2008)

The race for high efficiency solar cells (HESC's) is well under way. Crystalline semiconductors based on GaAs and its alloys seem to be good candidates for the high efficiency concept due to the variation of the energy band-gap. Wide and narrow gap semiconductors may coexist in one structure and under suitable conditions may operate at both short and long wavelengths, resulting in high efficiency absorption. One of the regions where short wavelength absorption takes place is a double junction AlAs-AlGaAs-GaAs configuration. In this paper we simulate the highest efficiency values attainable for this structure, before considering the whole HESC structure. We find top (ceiling) efficiency values of such a double-junction to be in excess of 20%, for incident power of 100mW (under AM1.5 conditions), with recombination losses. This configuration is essentially the window layer of a more extended solar cell design (HESC).
Comparison of a Multiplexed Fluorescent Covalent Microsphere Immunoassay and an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Measurement of Human Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Anthrax Toxins (2004)

Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported an accurate, sensitive, specific, reproducible, and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) in human serum (C. P. Quinn, V. A. Semenova, C. M. Elie et al., Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8:1103-1110, 2002). The ELISA had a minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of 0.06 microgram/ml, which, when dilution adjusted, yielded a whole-serum MDC of 3.0 micro g of anti-PA IgG per ml. The reliable detection limit (RDL) was 0.09 microgram/ml, while the dynamic range was 0.06 to 1.7 microgram/ml. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was 97.6% and the diagnostic specificity was 94.2% for clinically verified cases of anthrax. A competitive inhibition anti-PA IgG ELISA was also developed to enhance the diagnostic specificity to 100%. We report a newly developed fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay (FCMIA) for B. anthracis PA which was Luminex xMap technology. The FCMIA MDC was 0.006 microgram of anti-PA IgG per ml, the RDL was 0.016 microgram/ml, and the whole-serum equivalent MDC was 1.5 micrograms/ml. The dynamic range was 0.006 to 6.8 microgram/ml. Using this system, we analyzed 20 serum samples for anti-PA IgG and compared our results to those measured by ELISA in a double-masked analysis. The two methods had a high positive correlation (r2 = 0.852; P < 0.001). The FCMIA appears to have benefits over the ELISA for the measurement of anti-PA IgG, including greater sensitivity and speed, enhanced dynamic range and reagent stability, the use of smaller sample volumes, and the ability to be multiplexed (measurement of more than one analyte simultaneously), as evidenced by the multiplexed measurement in the present report of anti-PA and anti-lethal factor IgG in serum from a confirmed clinical anthrax infection.
Cell freezing protocol optimized for ATAC-Seq on motor neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (2016)

Abstract In recent years, the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-Seq) has become a fundamental tool of epigenomic research. However, it has proven difficult to perform this technique on frozen samples because freezing cells before extracting nuclei impairs nuclear integrity and alters chromatin structure. We describe a protocol for freezing cells that is compatible with ATAC-Seq, producing results that compare well with those generated from fresh cells. We found that while flash-frozen samples are not suitable for ATAC-Seq, the assay is successful with slow-cooled cryopreserved samples. Using this method, we were able to isolate high quality, intact nuclei, and we verified that epigenetic results from fresh and cryopreserved samples agree quantitatively. We developed our protocol on a disease-relevant cell type, namely motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells from a patient affected by spinal muscular atrophy.
Differences in Health Insurance Coverage between Part-Time and Full-Time Private-Sector Workers, 2005 and 2015 (2001)

Employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) provided by a current employer continues to be the primary source of health insurance coverage for non-elderly, private-sector workers in the United States. To be covered as an ESI policyholder on a plan provided by their current employer, an individual must work for an employer that offers health insurance, meet the eligibility requirements, and enroll in offered coverage. Workers may also obtain ESI coverage as a dependent on a plan offered to their spouse or other family member, and some workers obtain coverage on an ESI plan provided by a former employer or a secondary job. In addition, workers may obtain coverage through individually purchased private insurance or, if they are eligible, through Medicaid or other public insurance programs. This Statistical Brief uses data from the 2005 and 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS-HC) to examine changes in health insurance coverage of non-elderly adults who worked for the same private-sector employer for the entire year.The availability of ESI coverage for U.S. private-sector employees may vary by a number of employer and workforce characteristics including firm size, industry, wage distribution, and union status. In this Brief, we focus on variation by the number of hours employees work. Specifically, we compare health insurance coverage for employees who work full time (30 or more hours per week) with those who work part time (fewer than 30 hours per week). We begin by examining ESI eligibility and enrollment in plans offered at workers' current main jobs. Then, we examine levels and changes in four hierarchical insurance categories that indicate any coverage during the year: ESI policyholder from current main job, other ESI, other private insurance, and public insurance. The remaining workers are uninsured for the entire year. Only those differences that are statistically significant at the 0.05 level or better are discussed in the text, unless otherwise noted.
Rotary Blood Pump Flow Spontaneously Increases During Exercise Under Constant Pump Speed: Results of a Chronic Study (1999)

Many types of rotary blood pumps and pump control methods have recently been developed with the goal of clinical use. From experiments, we know that pump flow spontaneously increases during exercise without changing pump control parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemodynamics associated with the long-term observation of calves implanted with centrifugal blood pumps (EVAHEART, Sun Medical Technology Research Corporation, Nagano, Japan). Two healthy female Jersey calves were implanted with devices in the left thoracic cavity. A total of 22 treadmill exercise tests were performed after the 50th postoperative day. During exercise, the following parameters were compared with conditions at rest: heart rate, blood pressure, central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), pump speed, and pump flow. The pump flow in a cardiac cycle was analyzed by separating the systole and diastole. Compared to the base data, statistically significant differences were found in the following interrelated parameters: the heart rate (66.8 +/- 5.2 vs. 106 +/- 9.7 bpm), mean pump flow (4.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 7.0 +/- 0.3 L/min), and volume of pump flow in diastole (26.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 13.5 +/- 2.5 ml). During exercise, the volume of pump flow in systole was 3 times larger than that measured in diastole. Blood pressure, SvO2, and pump speed did not change significantly from rest to exercise. These results suggested that the mean pump flow depends on the systolic pump flow. Therefore, the increase in the mean pump flow during exercise under constant pump speed was caused by an increase in the heart rate.
Shock wave propagation in dense particle suspensions (2010)

Shock wave propagation in a multiphase suspension is studied experimentally. Particle suspensions are used as a means of obtaining a system in which there is limited initial interparticle contacts with a large degree of parametric variability. Suspensions were created in ethylene glycol at several volume fractions (41%, 48%, and 54%) of silicon carbide particles. Plate impact experiments are conducted to obtain the shock Hugoniots of the various suspensions at particle velocities in the range of 200–900 m/s. Transitions are shown to exist in the Us-up Hugoniots of the suspensions. In situ longitudinal and lateral stress measurements are made in the 48% suspension at two different impact velocities demonstrating a deviatoric stress component to the stress state in the suspension. The results are discussed in terms of the development of extensive interparticle contacts in a mechanism analogous to classical shear thickening in dense suspensions.
Communication Traffic Prediction with Continual Knowledge Distillation (2022)

Accurate traffic volume estimation and prediction are essential for advanced communication network functions, such as automatic operations and predictive resource allocation. Although machine learning (ML)-based approaches achieve great success in accomplishing this goal, existing approaches suffer from two drawbacks that limit their real-world applications. First, the ML-based prediction models developed in the past might be obsolete now, since the communication traffic patterns and volumes keep changing in the real world, leading to prediction errors. Second, most Base Stations (BSs) can only save a small amount of data due to the limited storage capacity and high storage costs, which prevents from training an accurate prediction model. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that adapts the prediction model to the constantly changing traffic with only a few current traffic data. Specifically, the framework first learns the knowledge of historical traffic data as much as possible by using a proposed two-branch neural network design, which includes a prediction and a reconstruction module. Then, the framework transfers the knowledge from an old (past) prediction model to a new (current) model for the model update by using a proposed continual knowledge distillation technique. Evaluations on a real-world dataset show that the proposed framework reduces the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of traffic prediction by up to 9.62% compared to the state-of-the-art prediction methods.
Effects of elevated temperature on flexographic printing (2007)

Flexographic printing is a process that employs a flexible printing form and low viscous ink, often water-based. The flexible printing form is favourable for printing on rough surfaces, but the high surface tension of the ink may cause printability problems.This work has focused on the interaction between paper/paperboard coating and water-based flexographic ink, aimed at increasing the knowledge about the printing process in form of physical/chemical parameters that are important for ink setting. The effects of printing conditions on print quality, such as printing pressure and temperature, have also been in focus.The work has shown that fluids of different polarities, i.e. different dipole moments, behave differently when being absorbed by a coating layer. Due to their chemical compatibility to the coating layer, fluids with large dipole moment fill the pore matrix of the coating to a lesser extent but penetrate further into the coating than fluids with small dipole moments. On the other hand, polarity of the coating layer also affects the print. When printing on coatings with different polarities, higher print densities was obtained on the more polar substrates. As a tentative explanation, it is proposed that the ink builds different layer structures during drying depending on the coating polarity.Print gloss is related to the ink setting which, in turn, is affected by the solvent retaining capacity of the ink. Large water holding capacity allows the ink components to smoothen out before the structure is set, resulting in a higher print gloss. The rheology of inks is affected by temperature; at a higher temperature the viscosity is reduced. The reduction in ink viscosity at higher temperature has been shown to affect the print quality, e.g., print density and dot gain. It is suggested that a thicker layer is immobilised during impression due to the lower viscosity and that it is an explanation of the higher print density at a higher printing temperature.The influence of impression pressure on dot gain has been experimentally evaluated and mathematically modelled with good agreement. The dot gain is shown to respond non-linearly to the applied printing pressure.Studies based on pilot coated and printed paperboards is also reported, and it is shown that the print quality, e.g. print density, print gloss and dot gain, is largely dependent on the type of ink chosen and on the coating characteristics. Higher clay content in the coating resulted in increased dot gain and a decreased mottling.
Assessment of single-vessel cerebral blood velocity by phase contrast fMRI (2021)

Current approaches to high-field functional MRI (fMRI) provide 2 means to map hemodynamics at the level of single vessels in the brain. One is through changes in deoxyhemoglobin in venules, i.e., blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI, while the second is through changes in arteriole diameter, i.e., cerebral blood volume (CBV) fMRI. Here, we introduce cerebral blood flow-related velocity-based fMRI, denoted CBFv-fMRI, which uses high-resolution phase contrast (PC) MRI to form velocity measurements of flow. We use CBFv-fMRI in measure changes in blood velocity in single penetrating microvessels across rat parietal cortex. In contrast to the venule-dominated BOLD and arteriole-dominated CBV fMRI signals, CBFv-fMRI is comparable from both arterioles and venules. A single fMRI platform is used to map changes in blood pO2 (BOLD), volume (CBV), and velocity (CBFv). This combined high-resolution single-vessel fMRI mapping scheme enables vessel-specific hemodynamic mapping in animal models of normal and diseased states and further has translational potential to map vascular dementia in diseased or injured human brains with ultra-high-field fMRI.
Efficiency enhancement of a three phase Hard Switching Inverter under light load conditions (2016)

This paper studies the performance of a three phase Hard Switching Inverter (HSI) for low power applications, operating primarily at partial load (7W, 150 mA-peak, 50 V-peak which is 10% of its thermally maximum permissible power) in a home appliance application. Analytic methods are used to calculate the losses for different power transistors, resulting in an optimized H-Bridge Inverter (HBI) prototype. The standard hard-switching approach is used, the potential of gate loss reduction by using a Resonant Gate Drive Circuit (RGD) is investigated.
Supplementary Information from Blockade of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion with All-<i>Trans</i> Retinoic Acid Increases the Efficacy of Antiangiogenic Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The file Supplementary Information contains 9 Supplementary Figures and additional Materials and Methods mainly related to experiments done during the process of the Revision. Here is a short description of each Supplementary Figure: Supplementary Figure S1. Reduction of the DC101 dosage to 10 mg/kg results in a significant, additive treatment effect in the TS/A model when combined with ATRA. Supplementary Figure S2. Growth curves showing tumor kinetics up to 9 days after stopping the treatment with DC101 and ATRA. Supplementary Figure S3. ATRA decreases the DC101-induced expression of the alternative hypoxia marker GLUT1, whereas CD8+ T-cell and NK cell populations in TS/A breast cancer tumors remain unchanged upon treatment. Supplementary Figure S4. Characterization of the proangiogenic phenotype of tumor-infiltrating MDSC. Supplementary Figure S5. Characterization of the matricellular composition in 4T1 tumors. Supplementary Figure S6. In vitro generated MDSC efficiently suppress T cell proliferation. Supplementary Figure S7. (A) Intratumoral S100A8 levels show a strong correlation with FITC-lectin leakage. (B) ATRA has no direct influence on ZO-1 protein levels in vitro. Supplementary Figure S8. The therapeutic efficiency of DC101 is not increased in S100A9 knockout bone marrow transplanted mice, which exhibit tumor-dependent S100A8 recovery. Supplementary Figure S9. Analysis of the Vegf and Fgf expression levels of mast cells and cancer associated fibroblasts in 4T1 tumors. The Supplementary Materials and Methods section contains a description of: used Reagents and proteins, quantitative PCR, sequences of oligonucleotide primers used for quantitative PCR, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) of mast cells and cancer assoicated fibroblasts, bone marrow transplantation, scanning electron microscopy, western blotting, ELISA, allogeneic T cell proliferation assay, metabolomic analysis of 4T1 tumor tissue.&lt;/p&gt;