gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The DANE Authentication Chain Extension for TLS (2019)

This draft describes a new TLS extension for in-band transport of the
complete set of DNSSEC validated records needed to perform DANE
authentication of a TLS server without the need to perform separate
out-of-band DNS lookups. When the requisite DNS records do not exist,
the extension conveys a validated denial of existence proof.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Approaches to Chiral Catalyst Discovery (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Repair and rehabilitation of corrosiondamaged concrete elements using FRP composite wraps (2011)

Reinforced concrete structures have been wrapped to provide strength and confinement in the presence of seismic loads. The wrapping of structures as a means of mitigating corrosion is relatively recent. The objective of the work to be described is to investigate the long-term effectiveness of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite wraps in mitigating corrosion in reinforced concrete elements in severe environments.
Nanostructured Titanium Oxynitride Porous Thin Films as Efficient Visible‐Active Photocatalysts (2007)

Abstract Nanocrystalline mesoporous N‐doped titania films have been prepared for the first time. The introduction of nitrogen into the anatase structure starts at 500 °C, with N bonding to titanium via oxygen substitution. Increasing the treatment temperature leads to the formation of TiN (TiN 1– x O x ) and N‐doped rutile showing mixed‐valence Ti states. Microstructural characterization shows that the ordered mesoporosity is maintained until 700 °C, where TiN (TiN 1– x O x ) begins to form. Optical characterization shows that the discrete introduction of N is able to shift the titania absorption edge. The photocatalytic tests give the best results under visible light excitation for the film nitrided at 500 °C. At this temperature the concentration of nitrogen in the structure is optimal since oxygen vacancies are still not important enough to promote the recombination of the photogenerated electrons and holes.
Imaging of metastases of thyroid carcinoma with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. (1987)

Three patients with multiple metastases of thyroid carcinoma were studied with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and iodine-131 (131I) imaging. Metastases that accumulated only FDG, only 131I, or both FDG and 131I could be demonstrated. Metabolic heterogeneity was seen between different metastases in all patients. The accumulation of FDG may also differ between different metastases of the same patient. The uptake of FDG in metastases was shown to increase parallel with their progression. Metastases of thyroid carcinoma that have ceased to accumulate 131I after treatment with radioiodine may still be demonstrated with FDG. Metastases that accumulate FDG, but not 131I, may behave more aggressively than metastases that accumulate 131I, but not FDG.
Type 1 IFN Induction by Cytosolic Nucleic Acid Is Intact in Neonatal Mononuclear Cells, Contrasting Starkly with Neonatal Hyporesponsiveness to TLR Ligation Due to Independence from Endosome-Mediated IRF3 Activation (2018)

Two million infants die each year from infectious diseases before they reach 12 mo; many of these diseases are vaccine preventable in older populations. Pattern recognition receptors represent the critical front-line defense against pathogens. Evidence suggests that the innate immune system does not fully develop until puberty, contributing to impaired response to infection and impaired vaccine responses in neonates, infants, and children. The activity of the pattern recognition receptor family of cytosolic nucleic acid (CNA) sensors in this pediatric population has not been reported. We show that in direct contrast to weak TLR-induced type I IFN in human cord blood mononuclear cells, cord blood mononuclear cells are capable of initiating a potent response to CNA, inducing both antiviral type I IFN and, unexpectedly, proinflammatory TNF-α. A deficiency in Rab11-GTPase endosome formation and consequent lack of IRF3 activation in neonatal monocytes is at least in part responsible for the marked disparity in TLR-induced IFN production between neonatal and adult monocytes. CNA receptors do not rely on endosome formation, and therefore, these responses remain intact in neonates. Heightened neonatal responses to CNA challenge are maintained in children up to 2 y of age and, in marked contrast to TLR4/9 agonists, result in IL-12p70 and IFN-γ generation. CNA sensors induce robust antiviral and proinflammatory pathways in neonates and children and possess great potential for use as immunostimulants or vaccine adjuvants for targeted neonatal and pediatric populations to promote cell-mediated immunity against invasive infectious disease.
New electrostatic technology improves water separation from emulsions (1995)

A new technology introduced to the oil producing industry combines electrostatic and centrifugal separation techniques resulting in a coalescence device operable in high water cut emulsions. The equipment can be installed into existing units to de-bottleneck water choked systems or incorporated in new offshore or onshore production facilities. Introduced by NATCO under the name EPICTM (Electro-Pulsed Inductive Coalescer), the devices applies a pulsating DC field across the fluid stream. The dynamics of the electrical flux, voltage and pulse frequency allow optimizing the process to the fluid stream conditions. The use of an insulated electrode allows the unit to function in water-in-oil emulsions near the inversion point, usually 60--65% water content by volume. The application of a pulsed electrostatic field results in increased phase separation rates for most water-in-oil emulsions. Water droplet growths of 300 to 400% have been proven through the increased performance of downstream separation equipment and water droplet distribution analysis.
Image Decolorization by Maximally Preserving Color Contrast (2014)

We propose a method to convert a color image to its gray representation with the objective that color contrast in the color image is maximally preserved as gray contrast in the gray image. Given a color image, we first extract unique colors of the image through robust clustering for its color values. Based on the color contrast between these unique colors, we tailor a non-linear decolorization function that maximally preserves contrast in the gray image. A novelty here is the proposal of a color-gray feature that tightly couple color contrast with gray contrast information. We compute the optimal color-gray feature, and drive the search for a decolorization function that generates a color-gray feature that is most similar to the optimal one. This function is then used to convert a color image to its gray representation. Our experiments and user study demonstrate the greater effectiveness of this method in comparison to previous techniques.
Lengthening of Below-the-Knee Amputation Stumps Using the Ilizarov Technique (1990)

Summary: Patients with short, traumatic, below-the-knee amputations (BKAs) frequently function as if they have knee disarticulations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results in patients who had lengthening of their BKA stumps to improve prosthesis fit and increase ambulation. Three patients with traumatic BKAs, who were left with insufficient stumps for proper prosthesis wear, have had their stumps lengthened by Ilizarov's technique of distraction osteogenesis. The lengthening process produced a moderate degree of pain, and all patients had a temporary decrease in their range of motion. Two patients lost a substantial amount of gained length secondary to early full weight-bearing. Despite these difficulties, the procedure produced longer, more durable stumps in all patients with no final loss of knee range of motion.
Characterization of the Interaction of Nanobubble Ultrasound Contrast Agents with Human Blood Components (2022)

Abstract Nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents, or nanobubbles, are being explored in preclinical applications ranging from vascular and cardiac imaging to targeted drug delivery in cancer. These sub-micron particles are approximately 10x smaller than clinically available microbubbles. This allows them to effectively traverse compromised physiological barriers and circulate for extended periods of time. While various aspects of nanobubble behavior have been previously examined, their behavior in human whole blood has not yet been explored. Accordingly, herein we examined, for the first time, the short and long-term effects of blood components on nanobubble acoustic response. We observed differences in the kinetics of backscatter from nanobubble suspensions in whole blood compared to bubbles in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), plasma, or red blood cell solutions (RBCs). Specifically, after introducing nanobubbles to fresh human whole blood, signal enhancement gradually increased by 22.8 ± 13.1% throughout our experiment, with peak intensity reached within 145 seconds. In contrast, nanobubbles in PBS had a stable signal with negligible change in intensity (−1.7 ± 3.2%) over 8 minutes. Under the same conditions, microbubbles made with the same lipid formulation showed a −56.8 ± 6.1% decrease in enhancement. Subsequent confocal, fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed attachment of the nanobubbles to the surface of RBCs, suggesting that direct interactions, or hitchhiking, of nanobubbles on RBCs in the presence of plasma may be a possible mechanism for the observed effects. This phenomenon could be key to extending nanobubble circulation time and has broad implications in drug delivery, where RBC interaction with nanoparticles could be exploited to improve delivery efficiency.
Extensive Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Blood Coagulation Factor VIIa Reveal Interdomain Flexibility (2010)

Blood coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) is used in the treatment of replacement therapy resistant hemophilia patients, and FVIIa is normally activated upon complex formation with tissue factor (TF), potentially in context with structural rearrangements. The solution behavior of uncomplexed FVIIa is important for understanding the mechanism of activation and for the stability and activity of the pharmaceutical product. However, crystal structures of FVIIa in complex with TF and of truncated free FVIIa reveal different overall conformations while previous small-angle scattering studies suggest FVIIa always to be fully extended in solution. Here, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of multiple forms of FVIIa and TF under several experimental conditions elaborate extensively on the understanding of the solution behavior of FVIIa. We reveal significant FVIIa domain flexibility in solution, whereas TF has a well-defined conformation. Unspecific formation of dimers of FVIIa is also observed and varies with experimental conditions. In particular, active site-inhibited FVIIa displays a distinct solution behavior different from that of uninhibited FVIIa, which may reflect structural rearrangements causing resistance to activation, thereby emphasizing the connection between the distribution of different conformations of FVII and the mechanism of activation.
Novel non-mechanical fine tracking module for retroreflective free space optics (2014)

The new generation of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) require high speed data links to offload all its sensors data. RFSO (Reflective Free Space Optics) has become an important alternative to RF systems because it is robust against interception and jamming, enhancing data security. Moreover, the weight and power consumption of the RFSO coms module is reduced, making it suitable for SWaP (Size, Weight, and Power) constrained applications. In this paper, we present the design of a tracking module based on a non-mechanical holographic beam steering system. A highly accurate position sensing unit is required to accomplish a good tracking process and therefore guarantee the data link stability. Different localization methods such as centroid, centroid windowed or centroid squared are tested and compared using real data captured in a turbulent scenario. Errors below 8cm are reported in a double pass 1km link.
Dual Cleavage of Neuregulin 1 Type III by BACE1 and ADAM17 Liberates Its EGF-Like Domain and Allows Paracrine Signaling (2013)

Proteolytic shedding of cell surface proteins generates paracrine signals involved in numerous signaling pathways. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) type III is involved in myelination of the peripheral nervous system, for which it requires proteolytic activation by proteases of the ADAM family and BACE1. These proteases are major therapeutic targets for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease because they are also involved in the proteolytic generation of the neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide. Identification and functional investigation of their physiological substrates is therefore of greatest importance in preventing unwanted side effects. Here we investigated proteolytic processing of NRG1 type III and demonstrate that the ectodomain can be cleaved by three different sheddases, namely ADAM10, ADAM17, and BACE1. Surprisingly, we not only found cleavage by ADAM10, ADAM17, and BACE1 C-terminal to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, which is believed to play a pivotal role in signaling, but also additional cleavage sites for ADAM17 and BACE1 N-terminal to that domain. Proteolytic processing at N- and C-terminal sites of the EGF-like domain results in the secretion of this domain from NRG1 type III. The soluble EGF-like domain is functionally active and stimulates ErbB3 signaling in tissue culture assays. Moreover, the soluble EGF-like domain is capable of rescuing hypomyelination in a zebrafish mutant lacking BACE1. Our data suggest that NRG1 type III-dependent myelination is not only controlled by membrane-retained NRG1 type III, but also in a paracrine manner via proteolytic liberation of the EGF-like domain.
Model validations for low-global warming potential refrigerants in mini-split air-conditioning units (2016)

To identify low global warming potential refrigerants to replace R-22 and R-410A, extensive experimental evaluations were conducted for multiple candidates of refrigerant at the standard test conditions and at high-ambient conditions with outdoor temperature varying from 27.8°C to 55.0°C. In the study, R-22 was compared to propane (R-290), DR-3, ARM-20B, N-20B, and R-444B in a mini split air-conditioning unit originally designed for R-22; R-410A was compared to R-32, DR-55, ARM-71A, L41-2 (R-447A) in a mini split-unit designed for R-410A. To reveal the physics behind the measured performance results, thermodynamic properties of the alternative refrigerants were analysed. In addition, the experimental data were used to calibrate a physics-based equipment model, for example, ORNL heat pump design model. The calibrated model translated the experimental results to key calculated parameters, i.e. compressor efficiencies and refrigerant side two-phase heat transfer coefficients, corresponding to each refrigerant. These calculated values provide scientific insights on the performance of the alternative refrigerants and are useful for other applications beyond mini split air-conditioning units.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health after Surgical Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Minimal-Invasive Surgery: Resection versus Transplantation (2021)

Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is an increasingly relevant treatment option for patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been considered optimal treatment for HCC in cirrhosis, but is challenged by rising organ scarcity. While health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health are well-documented after OLT, little is known about HRQoL in HCC patients after LLR. We identified all HCC patients who underwent LLR at our hospital between 2014 and 2018. HRQoL and mental health were assessed using the Short Form 36 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively. Outcomes were compared to a historic cohort of HCC patients after OLT. Ninety-eight patients received LLR for HCC. Postoperative morbidity was 25% with 17% minor complications. LLR patients showed similar overall HRQoL and mental health to OLT recipients, except for lower General Health (<i>p</i> = 0.029) and higher anxiety scores (<i>p</i> = 0.010). We conclude that LLR can be safely performed in patients with HCC, with or without liver cirrhosis. The postoperative HRQoL and mental health are comparable to that of OLT recipients in most aspects. LLR should thus always be considered an alternative to OLT, especially in times of organ shortage.
Endpoints for Clinical Trials Testing Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Joint Statement (2009)

Currently, no agents are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for either prevention or treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Formal precedents establishing a comparative basis for assessing the efficacy and safety of new investigational agents are still lacking. As a step toward addressing this problem, a panel of experts met on 2 occasions to reach consensus on recommendations for terminology describing a clinically meaningful primary endpoint in studies assessing treatment for aGVHD. The panel recommended terminology for "very good partial response" (VGPR) that includes both diagnostic and functional criteria. The central hypothesis leading to this proposal is that the potential harm of giving more treatment than needed to produce or maintain complete response exceeds the harm of slight undertreatment that may be associated with less than complete response. VGPR clearly cannot be used as the sole outcome measure in GVHD treatment trials, and must be considered in the context of survival and safety. The proposed use of VGPR as the primary endpoint in GVHD treatment trials will remain provisional until its use has been validated through experience.
Instrumentation and Surgical Technique (2013)

Percutaneous renal surgery is frequently employed to treat large renal and proximal ureteral calculi. For optimal outcomes during percutaneous renal procedures, precise access to the collecting system is required in order to achieve high efficacy and low morbidity. This chapter reviews our technique for endoscopic-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy including patient positioning, ureteral and renal access, necessary instrumentation, and the role of this technique in urological practice.
Voronoi-Based ISD and Site Density Characteristics for Mobile Networks (2012)

Inter-Site Distance (ISD) is a common measure for characterizing the site density in a mobile network. However, obtaining a good estimation of the ISD for a real world network is not trivial since the physical layout is usually quite more complex than a perfect theoretical hexagonal grid, due to a number of unavoidable factors such as site availability and traffic density. Voronoi diagrams have been suggested for approximating cells from network layouts, providing a method for partitioning the covered area into cells defined by the proximity to the given set of sites. This yields a framework for site coverage approximation based on the actual site distribution, rather than an underlying theoretical model. We present a novel measure, based on Voronoi diagrams, for characterizing the site density of a cellular network and provide a comparison to the more traditional ISD measure. This measure improves capacity assessments and modeling of real networks.
A SPAD-Based Visible Light Communications Receiver Employing Higher Order Modulation (2015)

This paper studies complex modulation schemes, including orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), received by a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array integrated circuit (IC). A SPAD operates in the Geiger mode, and is able to detect single photons. This feature enables order of magnitude receiver sensitivity in intensity modulation (IM) / direct detection (DD) Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems. The tradeoff between received power and bit error ratio (BER) using both pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) and OFDM is shown. A first order model of the noise in a digital SPAD receiver is derived. The noise in the experimental receiver chip approaches the predicted noise in our model, and we achieve receiver sensitivity of $-$64 dBm with a 100 kbit/s signal at a BER of 10^-5. It is concluded that future improvements in SPAD VLC receiver architecture will allow sensitivity to approach the quantum limit.
Rapid secretion of intracellularly pre-stored interleukin-8 from rabbit platelets upon activation (1996)

Freshly isolated rabbit platelets contained a substantial amount of intracellular interleukin-8 (IL-8) as revealed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis. Thrombin stimulation at room temperature induced platelets to secrete IL-8 rapidly, and the maximal secretion was observed within 10 min after the activations. Secreted IL-8 possessed neutrophil chemotactic activity that was neutralized by a specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody to rabbit IL-8 but not a control one. These results suggest that rabbit platelets store biologically active IL-8 intracellularly and secrete it rapidly upon activation. This study implies that platelets may be a pivotal participant in inflammatory reactions in rabbits through producing cytokines and chemokines, including IL-8.
Origin and selection of peripheral CD4−CD8− T cells bearing α/β T cell antigen receptors in autoimmune gld mice (1990)

We have analyzed the origin and development of unusual CD4-CD8- alpha/beta T cell receptor-positive peripheral T cells produced in large numbers by mice homozygous for the gld mutation (C3H-gld/gld). These mice may be an important model for investigating processes controlling T cell development. Bone marrow transfers demonstrated that the gld defect was intrinsic to bone marrow-derived cells. Clonal deletion of potentially autoreactive cells was observed in peripheral gld CD4-CD8-, CD4+CD8-, and CD4-CD8+ T cells, as well as mature thymocytes. This suggests that gld CD4-CD8- T cells have passed through the thymus in ontogeny and that gld autoimmunity does not result from a general defect in elimination of self-reactive thymocytes. These observations, combined with demethylation of the CD8 gene in the CD4-CD8- population, support prior expression of CD4 and/or CD8 in gld CD4-CD8- T cell ontogeny, perhaps at a CD4+CD8+ stage. Steroid sensitivity of gld thymocytes and CD4-CD8- T cells was normal. Therefore, we found no gross abnormalities in two major mechanisms of inducible cell death in the gld thymus, the clonal deletion process associated with tolerance and the steroid-inducible endogenous endonuclease thought to be involved in apoptosis of unselected thymocytes. The data suggest that if gld CD4-CD8- T cells arise via escape from normal elimination in the thymus, they must do so by a novel defect in thymic selection (perhaps related to aberrant positive signals) and/or are expanded by an extrathymic process which allows clonal deletion to occur.