gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[How I study thyroid pathology using ultrasonography-guided needle biopsy]. (1998)

From a retrospective study of 259 files, the authors stress the value of US-guided thyroid cytoponction and its essential role in case of thyroid cancer suspicion. This very specific and inexpensive method fits perfectly into the other exploration techniques. It is the deciding factor in the thyroid nodule differential diagnostic and therapeutic planning.
Optical encoding of luminescent carbon nanodots in confined spaces (2021)

Stable emissive carbon nanodots were generated in zeolite crystals using near infrared photon irradiation gradually converting the occluded organic template, originally used to synthesize the zeolite crystals, into discrete luminescent species consisting of nano-sized carbogenic fluorophores, as ascertained using Raman microscopy, and steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Photoactivation in a confocal laser fluorescence microscope allows 3D resolved writing of luminescent carbon nanodot patterns inside zeolites providing a cost-effective and non-toxic alternative to previously reported metal-based nanoclusters confined in zeolites, and opens up opportunities in bio-labelling and sensing applications.
A wire-driven miniature five fingered robot hand using elastic elements as joints (2004)

This paper describes a new driving mechanism for a miniature robot hand. In developing miniature robot hands for dexterous manipulation, it is necessary to consider miniaturizing and minimizing. The proposed mechanism uses elastic torsion springs and hinges as joints, and the finger is wire-driven from actuators placed outside the robot hand. First, the driving mechanism of a one joint finger is described, and the mechanism is applied to a five-fingered miniature robot hand. The robot hand is one-half the size of the hand of an adult male, and has a total of eighteen degrees of freedom (DOF). The properties of the robot hand are discussed, and are shown to be an effective mechanism for miniature robot hands.
Training variance and performance evaluation of neural networks in speech (2017)

In this work we study variance in the results of neural network training on a wide variety of configurations in automatic speech recognition. Although this variance itself is well known, this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first paper that performs an extensive empirical study on its effects in speech recognition. We view training as sampling from a distribution and show that these distributions can have a substantial variance. These results show the urgent need to rethink the way in which results in the literature are reported and interpreted.
Effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on bile acid‐induced apoptosis in primary human hepatocytes (2000)

Primary human hepatocytes represent a suitable model to study bile acid-induced apoptotic cell death. In these hepatocytes, already low bile acid concentrations might induce apoptotic cell death, which is not triggered by hepatocellular Fas receptor overexpression. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was significantly reduced by co-incubation with tauroursodeoxycholic acid. The reduction of bile acid-induced apoptosis by ursodeoxycholic acid and its conjugates may contribute to the beneficial effects of these hydrophilic bile acids used for medical treatment of several cholestatic liver diseases.
ICONE23-1087 REMOTE DETECTION OF ALPHA RADIATION USING UV PHOTONS EMITTED BY NITROGEN (2015)

Alpha radiations from nuclear waste produced at nuclear power plants is checked and classified according to the radiation level. In the case of conventional detectors that use ZnS (Ag) scintillators, detectors are placed almost in close contact to the nuclear waste because of the short range of alpha particles in the air. Those ZnS detectors have nearly 100-% detection efficiencies to alpha radiation, however, they are only capable of measuring objects with flat surfaces. We have developed alpha-detection systems that detect alpha-induced UV lights from some distance away. To operate the systems in the high-gamma-ray environment, we developed Alpha Camera that improved UV sensitivity while reducing the gamma-ray background drastically. We have carried out demonstrations of Alpha Camera where an Am-241 alpha source of 0.2 kBq/100 cm^2 was imaged from 1-m away. Alpha Camera successfully identified a 0.2-kBq/100 cm^2 alpha emitter with a 60-sec measurement.
Colors with plasmonic nanostructures: A full-spectrum review (2019)

Since ancient times, plasmonic structural coloring has inspired humanity; glassmakers achieved vibrant colors by doping glass with metal nanoparticles to craft beautiful objects such as the Roman Lycurgus cup and stained glass. These lovely color filtering effects are a consequence of the resonant coupling of light and free electrons in metal nanoparticles, known as surface plasmons. Thanks to the continuing improvement of nanofabrication technology, the dimensions of nanoparticles and structures can now be precisely engineered to form “optical nanoantennas,” allowing for control of optical response at an unprecedented level. Recently, the field of plasmonic structural coloring has seen extensive growth. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of various plasmonic color filtering approaches and highlight their uses in a broad palette of applications. Various surface plasmon resonance modes employed in the plasmonic color filtering effect are discussed. We first review the development of the pioneering static plasmonic colors achieved with invariant optical nanoantennas and ambient environment, then we address a variety of emerging approaches that enable dynamic color tuning, erasing, and restoring. These dynamic color filters are capable of actively changing the filtered colors and carrying more color information states than the static systems. Thus, they open an avenue to high-density data storage, information encryption, and plasmonic information processing. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in this exciting research area.
Accuracy Evaluation of Electromagnetic Transients Simulation Algorithms (2021)

This paper introduces a novel frequency domain technique to globally evaluate the accuracy of electro-magnetic transient simulations. It is shown that simulation accuracy at low frequencies can sometimes be poorer than at high frequency. A modified approach which quantifies accuracy from a driving point as a function of frequency is also introduced that uses the Bilinear Transformation and Norton equivalents, to produce a “simulation accuracy spectrum”. This approach can be applied to large systems without explicitly forming state space equations. It also permits the accuracy analysis of networks with distributed components such as frequency dependent transmission lines. Two examples are used to verify the proposed technique, a small network with a frequency dependent transmission line modeled by the universal line model; and the IEEE 39 bus system connected with an LCC-HVdc system.
A 30 Gb/s Monolithic Traveling-Wave Amplified Mach-Zehnder Modulator (2021)

A hybrid approach incorporates traveling-wave amplifier stages into the Mach- Zehnder modulator (MZM) to reduce the area and power and improve bandwidth in a 90-nm silicon photonic (SiPh) CMOS process. Optical measurements demonstrate data rates up to 30 Gb/s.
Abstract 4150: Exploration of the role of Hsps in exosome derived from prostate cancer cells (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading type of cancer diagnosed in men. In 2007 approximately 218, 890 new cases of prostate cancer were reported in the United States (American Cancer Society). Initially the disease is locally confined to the prostate and is hormone or androgen-dependent. It is curable at this stage upon surgical or radiation treatment however, with time, which varies from months to years, many prostate cancers metastasize and even with aggressive hormone ablation treatment approaches, progress to castration resistance (CRPC) and lethality. During early metastasis a response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is usually observed however despite a reduction in androgen levels after ADT, androgen receptor remains active contributing to CRPC progression. Hsp27 is a stress-activated cytoprotective chaperone, up-regulated in CRPC, which predicts a poor prognosis and confers hormone and chemo-resistance in animal models. Targeting Hsp27 using antisense delays time post castration and enhances taxane activity. Recent studies linked cancer with exosome formation; exosomes are 30-100 nm membrane-bound compartment secreted form normal and tumor cells. The mechanisms underlying exosome formation and secretion are not fully understood. Factors such as stage of cancer, cell type and cell cycle could affect the amount and composition of exosomes formed and secreted. Since Hsp27 is up-regulated in CRPC, we hypothesize that Hsp27 can influence exosome formation in androgen independent PCa. Methods-Results: PC3 cells were seeded and grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 5% fetal bovine serum until 70% confluency. Media was changed to 5% charcoal strip serum DMEM and finally to a serum free media for 72 hours before exosome isolation. Exosomes were purified from the conditioned media using differential centrifugation after remove cell debris and protein aggregates. Further analysis by transmission electron microscopy detected the integrity of purified exosomes. Western blot analysis was also used to probe for different exosome markers including Actin, Tubulin, TSG 101, HSP70 and CD36. In this study, we functionally analyzed the role of Hsp27 in relation to exosome formation from androgen independent prostate cancer cells. Hsp27 was knocked down in PC3 cells using siRNA, and confirmed with western blot analysis. The relative content of Hsp27 in exosomes mirrors and is therefore reflective of that found in cells. Upon Hsp27 knockdown in PC3 cells we can also observe that Hsp27 does not influence exosome formation. Conclusion: Hsp27 chaperone protein is expressed within exosomes, perhaps serving as a novel exosome marker in prostate cancer cell, while Hsp27 knockdown does not affect exosome formation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4150.
Review (1995)

Genetic isolates are the result of some type of bottleneck in the history of a population, revealing the consequences of the founder effect and genetic drift on the population's gene pool. In human populations, isolation is suspected based on an exceptional geographic location or cultural history or on the prevalence of relatively rare genetic diseases. The concept of 'Finnish disease heritage' is well established in the literature, but solid data have only recently emerged regarding the uniformity of disease mutations at the molecular level in this population: for many Finnish diseases for which the molecular defect has been uncovered, over 90% of disease alleles carry the same causative mutation. This suggests dramatic isolation, especially in some subregions of the sparsely populated country. In Finland, this molecular information can be combined with the exceptional genealogical data offered by a well established church record system which dates back to 1640, containing detailed information on births, deaths, marriages and movements of the majority of the population. This provides excellent opportunities for special study designs for the identification not only of rare disease genes but also of major loci which contribute to complex diseases. The utilization of linkage disequilibrium and the search for shared haplotypes can be justified in subpopulations and patient materials from this genetic isolate. This review summarizes the current molecular evidence for genetic isolation as well as the utilization of some special strategies in the disease gene hunt in the Finnish population.
Defense responses of Hevea brasiliensis to elicitors from root rot fungi (1991)

Elicitation of root defense responses of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) to Rigidoporus lignosus has been performed by injection of fungal cell wall extracts into the root system of 1-month-old seedlings. A time course study showed that tissue lignification is induced at 3, 8, 15, and 45 days after elicitor treatment, as observed under a light microscope. The ethanolsoluble elicitor fractions stimulated cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity, involved in lignin synthesis, as well as callose deposits 15 days and 30 days after elicitor treatment. A differential phellogen activity was observed 15 days after injection of roots with fungal extracts not treated with pronase. Stimulation of chitinase activity in leaves, cell hyperplasia, and suberization of root cell walls did not succeed. These data show that some defense mechanisms of tree roots can be triggered by elicitors from root-rotting fungi and result in the stengthening of structural barriers in host tissues. Key words: root rot diseases, elicitation, lignification, cambium stimulation, callose.
Diagnostic applications of millimeter waves in coal conversion systems (1985)

The feasibility of millimeter-wave (MMW) techniques is discussed for in-situ diagnostics of particulate-laden multiphase streams in coal conversion and combustion systems. The techniques investigated include MMW spectroscopy for determination of molecular species and gas-phase temperature, MMW radiometry for particle temperature measurement, and MMW scattering for particle characterization. The theoretical feasibility of each technique is presented together with the applicable range of measurement/system parameters.
Supplementary Figure from A First-in-Class Inhibitor of ER Coregulator PELP1 Targets ER<sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure from A First-in-Class Inhibitor of ER Coregulator PELP1 Targets ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Breast Cancer
Large anisotropic Fe orbital moments in perpendicularly magnetized Co2FeAl Heusler alloy thin films revealed by angular-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (2013)

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in Heusler alloy Co2FeAl thin films sharing an interface with a MgO layer is investigated by angular-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Orbital and spin magnetic moments are deduced separately for Fe and Co 3d electrons. In addition, the PMA energies are estimated using the orbital magnetic moments parallel and perpendicular to the film surfaces. We found that PMA in Co2FeAl is determined mainly by the contribution of Fe atoms with large orbital magnetic moments, which are enhanced at the interface between Co2FeAl and MgO. Furthermore, element specific magnetization curves of Fe and Co are found to be similar, suggesting the existence of ferromagnetic coupling between Fe and Co PMA directions.
Learning How to Run a Lab: Interviews with Principal Investigators (2013)

Science could benefit from adopting management approaches, techniques, and expertise created in other fields of professional teamwork. The closest field to science is possibly software engineering and development. In its structure and spirit, a small software company very much resembles a scientific lab: It is a small motivated group of highly-educated professionals creating nonmaterial products with teamwork centered around collaboration between individuals. Science could benefit from using frameworks for project management, process control, issue tracking, and time management, which have been undergoing development in IT for decades, such as modern approaches of agile software development describing collaboration of self-organizing cross-functional teams. For a young PI at the beginning of his or
Deviations from Liquidlike Behavior in Molten Polymer Films at Interfaces (2005)

We have performed x-ray specular and diffuse scattering on liquid polymer films and analyzed the spectra as a function of film thickness and molecular weight. The results show that films whose molecular weight is close to the entanglement length behave as simple liquids except that the shortest wavelength is determined by the radius of gyration (R(g)) rather than the monomer-monomer distance. When the molecular weight is higher than the entanglement length, the strong deviations from liquidlike behavior are observed. We find that the long wavelength cutoff vector, q(l,c), scales with film thickness, d as d(-1.1+/-0.1) rather than the usual d(-2) expected for simple liquids. If we assume that these deviations are due to surface pinning of the polymer chains, then our results are consistent with the formalism developed by Fredrickson et al. to explain the capillary wave spectrum that can propagate in a polymer brush.
Treatment Strategy of Spontaneous Posterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy (2011)

過去5年間に当科で治療を行った特発性後骨間神経麻痺9例（男性4例，女性5例，平均年齢62.1歳，平均経過観察期間11.7か月）の治療成績を報告する．3例は保存的治療で軽快し，手術的治療を行ったのは6例であった．3例に対し神経線維束間剥離のみを行い，残りの3例は神経線維束間剥離に加え，一期的に腱移行術を行った．神経線維束間剥離のみを行った3例はいずれも発症から約10か月で手術が行われ，全例MMT4以上に改善を認めた．一期的に腱移行を行った3例のうち，2例はMMT4以上に改善したが，糖尿病，頚髄症を合併した1例は回復が悪かった．麻痺に先行する疼痛を伴った症例は33％であった．後骨間神経の所見でくびれを認めた症例はなかったが，神経の色調の変化を3例に認めた．発症後約10か月の経過観察が妥当であるが，合併症がある症例や高齢など回復が期待できない場合は一期的な再建も考慮してよいと思われた．
A novel approach to investigate the effect of methionine oxidation on pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic antibodies (2014)

Preserving the chemical and structural integrity of therapeutic antibodies during manufacturing and storage is a major challenge during pharmaceutical development. Oxidation of Fc methionines Met252 and Met428 is frequently observed, which leads to reduced affinity to FcRn and faster plasma clearance if present at high levels. Because oxidation occurs in both positions simultaneously, their individual contribution to the concomitant changes in pharmacokinetic properties has not been clearly established. A novel pH-gradient FcRn affinity chromatography method was applied to isolate three antibody oxidation variants from an oxidized IgG1 preparation based on their FcRn binding properties. Physico-chemical characterization revealed that the three oxidation variants differed predominantly in the number of oxMet252 per IgG (0, 1, or 2), but not significantly in the content of oxMet428. Corresponding to the increase in oxMet252 content, stepwise reduction of FcRn affinity in vitro, as well as faster clearance and shorter terminal half-life, in huFcRn-transgenic mice were observed. A single Met252 oxidation per antibody had no significant effect on pharmacokinetics (PK) compared with unmodified IgG. Importantly, only molecules with both heavy chains oxidized at Met252 exhibited significantly faster clearance. In contrast, Met428 oxidation had no apparent negative effect on PK and even led to somewhat improved FcRn binding and slower clearance. This minor effect, however, seemed to be abrogated by the dominant effect of Met252 oxidation. The novel approach of functional chromatographic separation of IgG oxidation variants followed by physico-chemical and biological characterization has yielded the first experimentally-backed explanation for the unaltered PK properties of antibody preparations containing relatively high Met252 and Met428 oxidation levels.
Spatiotemporal Measurement of Concentration-Dependent Diffusion Coefficient (2022)

We introduce a new method to measure the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient from a sequence of images of molecules diffusion from a source towards a sink. Generally, approaches measuring the diffusion coefficient, such as Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP), assume that the diffusion coefficient is constant. Hence, these methods cannot capture the concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient if present. Other approaches measure the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient from an instantaneous concentration profile and lose the temporal information. These methods make unrealistic assumptions and lead to 100% error. We introduce a novel image analysis framework that utilizes spatial and temporal information in a sequence of concentration images and numerically solves the general form of Fick’s law using Radial Basis Functions (RBF) to measure the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient. We term this approach as Concentration Image Diffusimetry (CID). Our method makes no assumptions about the sink and source size. CID is superior to existing methods in estimating spatiotemporal changes and concentration-dependent diffusion. CID also provides a statistical uncertainty quantification on the measurements using bootstrapping, improving the reliability of the diffusion measurement. We assessed CID’s performance using synthetically generated images. Our analysis suggests that CID measures the diffusion coefficient with less than 2% error for most cases. We validated CID with FRAP experimental images and showed that CID agrees with established FRAP algorithms for constant diffusion coefficient. Finally, we demonstrate the application of CID to experimental datasets of a concentration gradient-driven protein diffusion into a tissue replicate.
“I Would Just Ask Someone”: Learning Feature-Rich Design Software in the Modern Workplace (2020)

Design professionals increasingly need to learn and use multiple feature-rich software to design complex artifacts in a variety of domains. In this work, we aimed to understand how design professionals learn new software features and seek help in today's modern workplace of interconnected spaces and increased access to shared online learning resources. We conducted 20 interviews with design professionals working in different disciplines such as architecture and planning, construction, structural design, and broadcast media, who used complex feature-rich applications on a daily basis. We found that despite the wide availability of learning resources on the web and decades of research dedicated to workplace knowledge management tools, design professionals still rely heavily on interpersonal help-seeking. Furthermore, while companies have devised a variety of technological channels to answer employees' help requests, such intermediate tools were often abandoned, and help-seeking conversations shifted to face-to-face learning episodes. Our findings point to design opportunities and shortcomings in the design of remote communication tools when seeking help for feature-rich software applications.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ru Thin Films Using a New Beta-Diketonate Ru Precursor and NH<SUB>3</SUB> Plasma as a Reactant (2015)

Ruthenium (Ru) thin films were grown on thermally-grown SiO2 substrates by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) using a sequential supply of a new betadiketonate Ru metallorganic precursor, dicarbonyl-bis(5-methyl-2,4-hexanediketonato) Ru(II) (C16H22O6Ru) with a high vapor pressure and NH3 plasma as a reactant at the substrate temperature ranging from 175 and 310 degrees C. A self-limited film growth was confirmed at the deposition temperature of 225 degrees C and the growth rate was 0.063 nm/cycle on the SiO2 substrate with very short number of incubation cycles (approximately 10 cycles). The resistivity of PEALD-Ru films was dependent on the microstructural features characterized by grain size and crystallinity, which could be controlled by varying the deposition temperature. Ru film with the resistivity of -20 μΩ-cm and high density of 11.5 g/cm3 was obtained at the deposition temperature as low as 225 degrees C. It formed polycrystalline structure with hexagonal-close-packed phase that was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electronic microscopy analysis. Step coverage of PEALD-Ru film deposited with the optimum condition was good (-75%) at the very small-sized trench (aspect ratio: -4.5 and the top opening size of 25 nm).