gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Use of Greek Herbs By-Products, as an Alternative Source of Biologically Active Ingredients for Innovative Products (2022)

The processing of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) results in the production of a significant amount of plant by-products; herbal material of inferior quality and/or unusable plant parts that are not commercially exploitable. An extensive study of Greek native species was performed toward the production of innovative bioactive products using as raw materials the by-products obtained from the processing of cultivated MAPs. <i>Origanum vulgare</i> subsp. <i>hirtum</i> (oregano), <i>Sideritis scardica</i> (Greek mountain tea), <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> (thyme), and <i>Matricaria recutita</i> (chamomile) were selected due to their wide use for the preparation of beverages and culinary purposes. The determination of the percentage of the post-harvest processing by-products was performed for a 3 years period (2018-2020). Results showed that by-products derived from the above-mentioned species' processing constitute 64% (thyme), 54% (oregano), 37% (Greek mountain tea), and 24% (chamomile) of the total processed mass. To value the by-products as a potent source of bioactive ingredients, superior and inferior quality herbal material of the aforementioned plant species were extracted by an ultrasonic assisted extraction method. Hydroalcoholic extracts were chemically investigated using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. In addition, their free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content (TPC) were estimated. Based on the results, herbs by-products revealed similar chemical content to the superior herbal material by the means of HPTLC and LC-MS analysis. In addition, strong free radical scavenging related to a high phenolic content was detected in the case of thyme, oregano, and Greek mountain tea. Moreover, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the essential oils (EOs) of oregano and thyme by-products revealed the presence of carvacrol, thymol, γ-terpinene, and <i>p</i>-cymene among the major constituents. Finally, the LC-MS analyses of aqueous extracts of Greek mountain tea and chamomile by-products led to the identification of several bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Overall, the presence of bioactive constituents in by-products, such as terpenes, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids underly their potent use as food antimicrobial and antioxidant additives, in the preparation of high added-value products, such as enriched aromatic edible oils, and innovative herbal teas, such as instant beverages.
A common data architecture for energy data analytics (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is creating a major shift from the traditional approaches to operating and maintaining all energy systems. With the proliferation of cheap sensors, power grids are generating vast amounts of data and there is an increasing interest around data-driven decision making, or more broadly, energy analytics. Due to the inherent nature of device and data ownership in the power grids, these analytics efforts have been siloed. Energy analytics developers create databases for monolithic applications that lack the infrastructure to quickly transform data between computational resources and persistent data storage, easy dissemination and validation of results, and support integration. We propose a data architecture that supports broader use of data technologies and systems integration guided by publish and subscribe architecture, and polyglot persistence. We provide use cases to discuss our design choices using the electric power grid as the main application domain. However, we believe that the energy industry as a whole can benefit from the proposed architecture.
“Effective” Negative Surface Tension:  A Property of Coated Nanoaerosols Relevant to the Atmosphere (2007)

Atmospheric aerosols play a very important role in atmospheric processes and have a major influence on the global climate. In this paper, we report results of a molecular dynamics study on the unique properties of organic-coated water droplets. In particular, we find that, for particles preferring an inverted micelle structure, the lower chain-chain interaction, with increasing radial distance from the water-organic interface, results in a negative internal radial pressure profile for the organic layer. As a result, a coated particle behaves as though the surface tension is "negative" and implies that such a particle will inherently have an inverse Kelvin vapor pressure effect, resulting in increased water condensation.
Hendra and Nipah Infection: Pathology, Models and Potential Therapies (2011)

The Paramyxoviridae family comprises of several genera that contain emerging or re-emerging threats for human and animal health with no real specific effective treatment available. Hendra and Nipah virus are members of a newly identified genus of emerging paramyxoviruses, Henipavirus. Since their discovery in the 1990s, henipaviruses outbreaks have been associated with high economic and public health threat potential. When compared to other paramyxoviruses, henipaviruses appear to have unique characteristics. Henipaviruses are zoonotic paramyxoviruses with a broader tropism than most other paramyxoviruses, and can cause severe acute encephalitis with unique features among viral encephalitides. There are currently no approved effective prophylactic or therapeutic treatments for henipavirus infections. Although ribavirin was empirically used and seemed beneficial during the biggest outbreak caused by one of these viruses, the Nipah virus, its efficacy is disputed in light of its lack of efficacy in several animal models of henipavirus infection. Nevertheless, because of its highly pathogenic nature, much effort has been spent in developing anti-henipavirus therapeutics. In this review we describe the unique features of henipavirus infections and the different strategies and animal models that have been developed so far in order to identify and test potential drugs to prevent or treat henipavirus infections. Some of these components have the potential to be broad-spectrum antivirals as they target effectors of viral pathogenecity common to other viruses. We will focus on small molecules or biologics, rather than vaccine strategies, that have been developed as anti-henipaviral therapeutics.
Potential postwildfire debris-flow hazards: a prewildfire evaluation for the Sandia and Manzano Mountains and surrounding areas, central New Mexico (2014)

Wildfire can drastically increase the probability of debris flows, a potentially hazardous and destructive form of mass wasting, in landscapes that have otherwise been stable throughout recent history. Although there is no way to know the exact location, extent, and severity of wildfire, or the subsequent rainfall intensity and duration before it happens, probabilities of fire and debris-flow occurrence for different locations can be estimated with geospatial analysis and modeling efforts. The purpose of this report is to provide information on which watersheds might constitute the most serious, potential, debris-flow hazards in the event of a large-scale wildfire and subsequent rainfall in the Sandia and Manzano Mountains. Potential probabilities and estimated volumes of postwildfire debris flows in the unburned Sandia and Manzano Mountains and surrounding areas were estimated using empirical debris-flow models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in combination with fire behavior and burn probability models developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. The locations of the greatest debris-flow hazards correlate with the areas of steepest slopes and simulated crown-fire behavior. The four subbasins with the highest computed debris-flow probabilities (greater than 98 percent) were all in the Manzano Mountains, two flowing east and two flowing west. Volumes in sixteen subbasins were greater than 50,000 square meters and most of these were in the central Manzanos and the western facing slopes of the Sandias. Five subbasins on the west-facing slopes of the Sandia Mountains, four of which have downstream reaches that lead into the outskirts of the City of Albuquerque, are among subbasins in the 98th percentile of integrated relative debris-flow hazard rankings. The bulk of the remaining subbasins in the 98th percentile of integrated relative debris-flow hazard rankings are located along the highest and steepest slopes of the Manzano Mountains. One of the subbasins is several miles upstream from the community of Tajique and another is several miles upstream from the community of Manzano, both on the eastern slopes of the Manzano Mountains. This prewildfire assessment approach is valuable to resource managers because the analysis of the debris-flow threat is made before a wildfire occurs, which facilitates prewildfire management, planning, and mitigation. In northern New Mexico, widespread watershed restoration efforts are being carried out to safeguard vital watersheds against the threat of catastrophic wildfire. This study was initiated to help select ideal locations for the restoration efforts that could have the best return on investment.
Modification of adenylate cyclase activity in LM cells by manipulation of the membrane phospholipid composition in vivo. (1976)

Adenylate cyclase [atp pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing): EC 4.6.4.4] activities were examined in mouse LM cell (fibroblast) membranes that were supplemented with ethanolamine and/or fatty acids. The supplements were incorporated into the plasma membrane phospholipids in significant amounts. Fatty acid supplementations had distinct effects as compared to polar head group supplementations. All lipid supplementations increased basal adenylate cyclase activity relative to control cells grown in choline-containing medium. Double supplementation with ethanolamine and linoleate increased the specific activity of adenylate cyclase up to 4-fold. Activity in the presence of fluoride was unaffected by ethanolamine supplementation, but was increased by fatty acid supplementation. In contrast, prostaglandin E1 stimulation was 4.2-fold in controls and ethanolamine and/or elaidate supplements, 6-fold in choline plus linoleate supplements, and 3.1-fold in ethanolamine plus linoleate supplements. Differences in activity could not be ascribed to changes in membrane protein composition in supplemented cells, and could be abolished by detergent solublization. Fluidity of the supplemented membranes was monitored by fluorescence polarization, and no correlation was observed between membrane viscosity and adenylate cyclase activity or hormone stimulation. These results emphasize the importance of the membrane lipid phase for this enzyme.
Antibiotics from basidiomycetes. XXXVII. New inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis from cultures of Xerula melanotricha Doerfelt. (1990)

Three new inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis have been isolated from cultures of Xerula melanotricha and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Dihydroxerulin (1) in admixture with xerulin (2) strongly inhibits the incorporation of 14C- acetate into cholesterol in HeLa cells while the incorporation of 14C-mevalonate is not affected. Xerulinic acid (3) shows similar biological activities but a higher cytotoxicity.
[P1–202]: PAZOPANIB REDUCES PHOSPHORYLATED TAU LEVELS AND REVERSES INFLAMMATION IN MICE (2017)

Pathological aggregations of tau and amyloid beta proteins are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Previous work from our group has shown Abl-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors stimulate beclin-mediated autophagy and promote clearance of neurodegenerative proteins. Specifically, the drugs nilotinib and bosutinib decrease levels of pathological proteins and reverse motor and cognitive decline in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. Further, we have shown pazopanib, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases VEGFR, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, and c-KIT, penetrates the blood-brain barrier and decreases p-tau levels in TauP301L mice. These experiments aim to confirm and expand upon the initial findings as well as determine the effects of pazopanib on amyloid beta in 3x-APP mice. Male and female TauP301L, 3x-APP, and non-transgenic littermates approximately 12–17 months old were treated with 5mg/kg pazopanib (roughly half the clinically-used dose) or vehicle (DMSO) intraperitoneally (IP) for 3–4 weeks. Phosphorylated tau levels were measured by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in brain homogenates, and immunohistochemistry in 20μm brain sections, fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde. Serum was collected to assess kidney and liver function. Aβ levels and inflammation were measured using MILLIPLEX® ELISA. Autophagy markers were measured via Western blot. Pazopanib treatment does not alter weight, liver (ALT), or kidney injury markers in TauP301L and 3x-APP mouse cohorts. Pazopanib significantly reduces levels of p-tau (T181, T231) in TauP301L mice. Further, brain levels of beclin-1 and p-mTOR/mTOR were unchanged. In 3x-APP mice, treatment does not alter Aβ40 or Aβ42levels. However, pazopanib significantly reverses levels of IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES toward control levels. Pazopanib (5mg/kg) appears to be a safe, well-tolerated drug that significantly reduces p-tau levels in TauP301L mice in a manner likely independent of beclin or mTOR-mediated autophagy and reverses inflammation in 3x-APP mice. Future studies aim to determine which specific tyrosine kinase target(s) is complicit in p-tau clearance.
A Polynomial Subspace Projection Approach for the Detection of Weak Voice Activity (2022)

A voice activity detection (VAD) algorithm identifies whether or not time frames contain speech. It is essential for many military and commercial speech processing applications, including speech enhancement, speech coding, speaker identification, and automatic speech recognition. In this work, we adopt earlier work on detecting weak transient signals and propose a polynomial subspace projection pre-processor to improve an existing VAD algorithm. The proposed multi-channel pre-processor projects the microphone signals onto a lower dimensional subspace which attempts to remove the interferer components and thus eases the detection of the speech target. Compared to applying the same VAD to the microphone signal, the proposed approach almost always improves the F1 and balanced accuracy scores even in adverse environments, e.g. −30 dB SIR, which may be typical of operations involving noisy machinery and signal jamming scenarios.
B-cell antigen receptor stimulation activates the human Bruton's tyrosine kinase, which is deficient in X-linked agammaglobulinemia. (1994)

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inherited human immunodeficiency disease, characterized by an arrest in B-cell development, which results in a dramatic decrease in immunoglobulin production. The gene product defective in XLA has been identified as a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase, named Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). The dramatic XLA phenotype indicates a critical role for Btk in the regulation of B-cell development. However, neither external stimuli leading to Btk activation nor any of its in vivo substrates have thus far been identified, and the mechanism of disease induction remains unexplained. We report here that stimulation of the B-cell antigen receptor (membrane immunoglobulin) on mature B-cells induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Btk in vivo, accompanied by an increase in its kinase activity in vitro. These results place Btk in the B-cell receptor signal transduction pathway, which is known to be essential in driving B-cell differentiation.
Imaging of inflammatory cellular protagonists in human atherosclerosis: a dual-isotope SPECT approach (2020)

A dual-isotope acquisition protocol permits the imaging of multiple leukocyte subsets and the pro-inflammatory macrophages simultaneously in atherosclerotic plaque tissue. [<sup>111</sup>In]In-Danbirt may have added value for assessing the total inflammation levels in atherosclerotic plaques in addition to classifying plaque phenotype.
The Importance of the Vacuum Headspace Method for the Analysis of Fruit Flavors (1998)

The Vacuum Headspace Method is a very gentle work-up procedure especially suited for the analysis of fruits. Comparison of the Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction Method, the Dynamic Headspace Method, and the Vacuum Headspace Method shows clearly the superior performance of the latter with respect to the sensory impression of the resulting extracts. Sensory evaluation of the vacuum headspace extracts of various fruits (e.g., passion fruit, strawberry, pear, peach, raspberry, cherry) leads to very fruit-typical descriptions. Consequently, the qualitative and quantitative flavor patterns of the analyzed fruits represent the genuine fruit flavors very well. The comparison of the different work-up procedures is explained in detail. Moreover, the volatile constituents of various analyzed fruits are shown and discussed. The importance of individual flavor compounds for the respective fruit flavor is indicated. It is explained how these results can serve as the basis for the composition of a new type of fresh-fruit flavors.
Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections in Women Who Received Injectable Cabotegravir or Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine for HIV Prevention: HPTN 084 (2021)

Almost all incident HIV infections occurred in the setting of unquantifiable or low drug concentrations. CAB resistance was not detected. Transmitted nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance was common; 1 woman may have acquired nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance from study drug exposure.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHENYLACETIC ACID, PARANITROPHENYL ACETIC ACID, PARAAMINOPHENYLACETIC ACID AND PARAOXYPHENYLACETIC ACID ON THE PENICILLIN PRODUCTION BY SURFACE CULTURE (1948)

Phenylacetic acid is usually added to culture media, in order to increase the penicillin production. This effect is explained by assuming that the phenylacetic acid is utilized as one component of penicillin (1.2) . Then it can be expected that its derivatives may also increase the penicillin production and make the special penicillin. But from our experiment it seems that almost all the penicillin produced in the culture media added with paranitro-, paraamino-, or paraoxy-phenyl-acetic acid is the ordinary natural penicillin, even though they can increase the penicillin production.
MOLECULAR JET SPECTROSCOPE OF SYM-TETRAZINE (1976)

Author Institution: Williams College; The James Franck Institute and The Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago
High-Power Medium-Voltage Wind Turbine Driven by Converter Solution with Modular Multilevel Structure and Decentralized Battery Integration Operating in Both Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Modes (2021)

Upscaling is a trend in the wind-power industry, which means to build wind turbines with increased power ratings and reduced structural costs. With the increased wind-turbine power levels, adopting a medium-voltage structure could be a solution to avoid problems related to high currents such as the intolerably high losses and the necessity of bulky, heavy, and expensive conductors. Moreover, a transformer-less wind turbine could be built due to the medium-voltage levels, which would contribute to the lightness and compactness of the entire solution. The high penetration of renewable-energy sources into the electrical grid leads to the necessity of energy-storage systems to assist in the preservation of the power-system stability. Wind power plants with energy-storage integration can operate in a dispatchable fashion, providing benefits to the operation of the power system such as the frequency-stability support, reduced voltage variations of the weak grid and the improvement of the economic dispatch. Furthermore, the wind-power-plant owner can improve his revenues by having an energy-storage system since it is possible to avoid penalties related to the mismatches between the forecasted power and the generated power, besides the possibility of providing ancillary services to the grid. Moreover, due to the presence of the energy-storage system, the wind power plant can keep active, generating power, if a fault occurs isolating the power plant from the main grid. In this paper, a new converter solution with modular multilevel structure and decentralized battery integration is used to drive a medium-voltage wind turbine. The integration of the batteries into the wind-turbine converter prevents the need of extra converters exclusively dedicated to the batteries. The wind turbine with energy storage can behave as a dispatchable generation when operating in the grid-following mode. In this mode, the wind turbine injects power into the grid according to a desired setpoint. When the wind power plant is isolated from the grid, the wind turbine driven by the new converter solution can operate in a grid-forming mode, absorbing the power generated by other wind turbines without an energy-storage system. In this paper, simulation results are shown illustrating the different operation modes of this new wind-turbine solution.
Type 1 Diabetes: Disease Stratification (2017)

Type 1 diabetes, a disorder characterized by immune-mediated loss of functional pancreatic beta cells, is a disease continuum with specific presymptomatic stages with defined risk of progression to symptomatic disease. Prognostic biomarkers have been developed for disease staging and for stratification of subjects that address the heterogeneity in rate of disease progression. Using biomarkers for stratification of subjects at different stages of type 1 diabetes will enable smaller and shorter intervention clinical trials with greater effect size. Addressing the heterogeneity of the disease will allow precision medicine-based approaches to prevention and interception of presymptomatic stages of disease and treatment and cure of symptomatic disease.
Modulation of immune cell reactivity with cis -binding Siglec agonists (2021)

Inflammatory pathologies caused by phagocytes lead to numerous debilitating conditions, including chronic pain and blindness due to age-related macular degeneration. Many members of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) family are immunoinhibitory receptors whose agonism is an attractive approach for antiinflammatory therapy. Here, we show that synthetic lipid-conjugated glycopolypeptides can insert into cell membranes and engage Siglec receptors in <i>cis</i>, leading to inhibitory signaling. Specifically, we construct a <i>cis</i>-binding agonist of Siglec-9 and show that it modulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in reporter cell lines, immortalized macrophage and microglial cell lines, and primary human macrophages. Thus, these <i>cis</i>-binding agonists of Siglecs present a method for therapeutic suppression of immune cell reactivity.
Fabrication of Indium Phosphide Compound Photonic Crystal by Hydrogen Iodide/Xenon Inductively Coupled Plasma Etching (2004)

An InP-based photonic crystal with vertical hole (∼90°), smooth sidewall (<10 nm) and high uniformity (±1%), is successfully fabricated by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching using HI-based gas with only an electron beam resist mask. This can be achieved at a low-temperature processing condition because of the high volatility and sidewall protection of the iodide product. The etching condition is optimized to balance the ion and radial effects by controlling the applied bias and the mixture of Xe gas. We can conclude that HI/Xe ICP etching is very useful for the fabrication of active nano/microdevices.