gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Vapour Growth of GaAs: The Inert Gas-Hydrogen Mixed Carrier System (1977)

An equilibrium calculation for the vapour growth of GaAs in an inert gas-hydrogen mixed carrier system is described. The partial pressures of gaseous- and gallium containing-species in equilibrium with GaAs are calculated for temperatures, chlorine to carrier gas mole ratios and mole fractions of hydrogen relative to the inert gas. It is shown that the general feature of the equilibrium pressures of the reactants for the inert gas- and inert gas-hydrogen mixed-carrier systems is similar to that of a hydrogen carrier system, and that GaAs tends to vaporize into the gas phase with the increase of the mole fraction of the inert gas. An application of the analysis to the vapour growth of GaAs with H2 introduction is discussed.
Statistical Data Processing, System Modeling and Reliability. (1983)

Abstract : The aim of research described herein was explore several fundamental problems in statistical data processing and system modeling, with particular aspects: analysis of Nonstationary Signal Processes; Algorithms for Data Compression; Reliable VLSI Computing Structures; and Algorithms and Architectures for Statistical and Data Processing.
Fabrication and characterization of a molecular adhesive layer for micro- and nanofabricated electrochemical electrodes (2002)

When making nanoelectrodes for applications in liquid cells it is plausible that the less noble metal layer may be negatively affected, i.e. it will be etched away leading to very unstable conditions during operation. Here we describe a dry method to produce such a molecular layer consisting of mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTS) making it possible to controllable and reproducibly form a covalently bound monolayer of MPTS to the SiO<sub>2</sub> surface. From Photoelectron Spectroscopy measurements we could conclude that the layer thickness corresponds to a monolayer. We have electrochemically characterized such electrodes by cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, we have successfully patterned such layers at both micro- and nanometer scale showing the possibilities to fabricate chemically selective and active areas that may be used in various applications
Supplementary Figure S2 from ERK and p38 MAPK Activities Determine Sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR Inhibition via Regulation of MYC and YAP (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MYC and YAP expression mediate drug resistance towards PI3K/mTOR inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;
Travel Patterns and Risk Behavior in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients (2004)

Solid organ transplant recipients represent a unique group of compromised travelers; however, few were adequately protected against travel-associated enteric, vector-borne and bloodborne pathogens.
P372Electrophysiological changes in chronic heart failure rat hearts induced by vagal nerve stimulation (2014)

Intermittent vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has recently been shown to reduce arrhythmia in animals and humans with chronic heart failure (CHF). The electrophysiological changes underpinning these benefits remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the electrophysiological remodeling resulting from long-term intermittent VNS therapy in the CHF rat. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced via LAD ligation in n=10 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300g). Rats were randomized into two groups: MI-SS rats (n = 5) were implanted with non-functional VNS stimulators, and MI-VNS rats (n = 5) were implanted with functional VNS stimulators and received chronic intermittent VNS treatment during 12 weeks. In Sham rats (n = 4) neither MI nor VNS were performed. At 13 weeks, hearts were explanted and Langendorff perfused. Optical mapping of right ventricle (RV) during periodic pacing and right atrium (RA) during sinus rhythm was then performed. First, we confirmed that long-term intermittent VNS therapy has clear antiarrhythmic benefits. Indeed, our results demonstrate that no MI-VNS rats (0/5) exhibited ventricular fibrillation, compared to Sham (2/4) and MI-SS (5/5) rats. Nevertheless, the maximum slope of the RV action potential duration (APD) restitution curve was larger (2.07±0.63) in MI-VNS rats compared to MI-SS (0.65±0.19, p<0.05) and Sham (0.59±0.13, p<0.05) rats. Most importantly, all MI-VNS rats displayed mean APD restitution slope greater than 1, while none of MI-SS or Sham rats had slope exceeding 1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MI-VNS rats exhibited significantly lower RV APD heterogeneity index (0.225±0.032) compared to MI-SS (0.538±0.107) rats. However, long-term intermittent VNS does not affect APD, and has moderate-to-no effect on conduction velocity of electrical propagation in RV. In RA during sinus rhythm, MI-VNS rats showed significantly larger APD (27.74±0.59 ms) compared to MI-SS (23.53±0.39 ms, p<0.05), but not different from Sham (26.41 ± 0.42, p=NS). However, APD heterogeneity indexes for both MI-VNS (0.562±0.038) and MI-SS (0.542±0.017) rats were similar, but significantly higher when compared to Sham (0.331±0.055). Our results suggest that the VNS therapy prevents VF through a remodeling of the electrophysiological properties of the myocardium.
THE IMPACT OF LOCAL AIR POLLUTION ON MEDICATION USE (2011)

Background and aims: Information on the influence of long term exposure to (traffic-related) air pollution on medication use is sparse. Detailed maps of air pollution levels of PM10 and NO2,, based on land use regression models became recently available for the whole of the Netherlands. We studied the relation between long term exposure to (traffic-related) air pollution and medication use, making use of routinely collected information at public pharmacies. Methods: The Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics (SFK) routinely collects data about the use of pharmaceuticals in the Netherlands. Air pollution maps were linked to addresses and the average air pollution level was calculated for the 4-digit postal code area, which was the lowest possible aggregation level for which medication data was available. We obtained information on the total number of prescriptions within each postal code area for the prescription of antihypertensives and airway medication. The percentage of non-western immigrants and the average socio-economic status (SES) of the residents within each postal code area were used as potential confounders. Indirect standardization for gender and age was applied.A spatial regression model was used to assess a possible association between medicine use and air pollution exposure. Results: The study area contains more than 1.5 million residential addresses, approximately one fifth of all addresses in the Netherlands. Both air pollution components were positively associated with prescriptions; with NO2 levels statistically significant with prescription of antihypertensives (RR 1.04 per 10 μg/m3; CI: 1.00 – 1.09) and airway medication (RR 1.05 per 10 μg/m3; CI: 1.02 – 1.08). Conclusion: The present study shows an association between increased (traffic related) air pollution levels and prescription of medication use for antihypertensives and airway diseases at a 4 postal code area level in an area in the Netherlands.
Hybrid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Alkaline Electrodes with Proton Conducting Membrane (2010)

Kluges Management: Eine neuartige Brennstoffzellenarchitektur vereint die Stabilität und hohe Ionenleitfähigkeit von Protonenaustauschmaterialien (PEM) mit dem überlegenen elektrochemischen Verhalten von Anionenaustauschmembran(AEM)-Elektroden. Das Wassermanagement ist gegenüber klassischen Polymerelektrolytmembran-Brennstoffzellen deutlich verbessert, wobei eine Selbstbefeuchtung der Zelle erreicht wird.
Simulation of trabecular bone sample x-ray microradiography (2003)

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease of bone mineral density as well as by architecture modification leading to an increase of fracture risk. This paper is part of study investigating the possibility to extract some structural parameters quantifying trabecular bone architecture from radiographies realized in vivo. The first step of the study is the definition of optimum radiographic conditions (X-ray spectrum, detector) as well as the development of adapted image processing tools to extract relevant indexes characterizing architecture. Therefore a simulation process computing synthetic radiographies from trabecular bone samples has been developed. This process is done in three distinct steps: (1) Computation of a very high spatial resolution 3D &#956;CT volume of a human trabecular bone sample from a series of acquisitions with a microtomography system using synchrotron radiation. (2) Transformation of the &#956;CT volume in a materials voxel volume. (3) Simulation of the radiography projection by using the X-ray radiographic simulation software Sindbad. The simulation software provides a lot of parameters which can be easily modified (spectra, materials, geometry, detector...) so that its use for an optimisation purpose is very practical. Comparison of simulated and experimental radiographies performed under synchrotron radiation microtomography configuration validates the accuracy of our simulation process. Simulated radiographs under several clinical conditions are also presented.
Phase behaviour of propane- and scCO2-microemulsions and their prominent role for the recently proposed foaming procedure POSME (Principle of Supercritical Microemulsion Expansion) (2010)

In this study we present a systematic investigation of the phase behaviour of microemulsions containing near- or supercritical solvents. The starting point of this study are microemulsions of the type water/NaCl-propane-polyethyleneglycol mono-n-alkyl ether at a pressure of p = 220 bar. Replacing propane stepwise by supercritical carbon dioxide the typical phase behavior of microemulsions systems can still be observed using scCO(2) as the only nonpolar solvent. Thus, increasing the temperature a phase inversion from a CO(2)-in-water to a water-in-CO(2) microemulsion via a balanced CO(2) microemulsion is found for the first time. Such mixtures of water and scCO(2) are expected to be versatile solvents in green chemistry. In addition, the formulation of supercritical microemulsions is the initial step in the Principle Of Supercritical Microemulsion Expansion (POSME) (DE Pat., 102 60 815 B4, 2008), which is a promising new approach for the production of low-cost nanocellular foams. In contrast to conventional foaming procedures, this approach suggests the formation of nanofoams by expanding micelles swollen with a supercritical blowing agent, thereby ensuring the unhindered formation and growth of bubbles without mass transport.
Supramolecular decoration of metal-organic hosts from products of template-directed synthesis (2005)

The crystal structure of the title complex was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. Data were collected on a Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer equipped with a fine focus molybdenum X-ray source, 0.3 mm ifg capilliary collimator, and an Oxford Cryosystems crystal cooler. Structure solution and refinement utilized SIR97, MaXus, and the SHELXTL system.
Cardiovascular Agents: Renin Inhibitors and Factor Xa Inhibitors (2007)

Cardiovascular disease is a serious global health problem and the world's leading cause of death, with an estimated 17 million people dying from it each year.Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke account for 20-50% of all deaths in most countries.These two diseases are the first and third cause of death in the industrialized world, and the first and second cause in many developing countries, respectively.Hypertension is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease.A number of therapies like diuretics, alpha and beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are available for the treatment of hypertension.Despite these therapies 35% patients do not achieve blood pressure control goals.In recent years there has been tremendous effort focused on the development of renin inhibitors as a new class of antihypertensive drugs.These inhibitors offer a novel approach to control hypertension by acting further upstream in the RAAS pathway.Thrombosis is also responsible for heart attacks and stroke.To treat thrombosis, two groups of antithrombotic drugs such as thrombolytic and anticoagulant agents, are available.Despite available treatments, there remains a critical need for a safe and orally active anticoagulants.Recently, factor Xa inhibitors have been found to be a promising approach to prevent blood coagulation.This review will highlight the recent developments of renin inhibitors as antihypertensive agents and factor Xa inhibitors as anticoagulants.
"SelfService": A Theoretical Protocol for Autonomic Distribution of Services in P2P Communities (2005)

In this paper, we present a theoretical protocol for autonomic distribution of services in a P2P environment, as well as the results of its simulated implementation. Our objective is to demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a distribution of the corresponding software modules that meets the requirement of the community in the absence of any centralized resource management. Instead, an acceptable balance between offer and demand is achieved via a simple "trial-and-error" mechanism, involving a simple, locally applied "reasoning" loop running independently on every peer.
Two-level Data Augmentation for Calibrated Multi-view Detection (2023)

Data augmentation has proven its usefulness to improve model generalization and performance. While it is commonly applied in computer vision application when it comes to multi-view systems, it is rarely used. Indeed geometric data augmentation can break the alignment among views. This is problematic since multi-view data tend to be scarce and it is expensive to annotate.In this work we propose to solve this issue by introducing a new multi-view data augmentation pipeline that preserves alignment among views. Additionally to traditional augmentation of the input image we also propose a second level of augmentation applied directly at the scene level. When combined with our simple multi-view detection model, our two-level augmentation pipeline outperforms all existing baselines by a significant margin on the two main multi-view multi-person detection datasets WILD-TRACK and MultiviewX.
Systematic study of structures and stabilities of fullerenes (1992)

We describe a scheme to generate the ground-state network for carbon clusters. Combining this scheme with an accurate tight-binding potential for carbon, we have systematically studied the ground-state structures of fullerenes from ${\mathrm{C}}_{20}$ to ${\mathrm{C}}_{94}$. Clusters of sizes 60, 70, and 84 are found to be energetically more stable than their neighbors. The occurrence of the more abundant fullerene sizes is related to the fragmentation stability and chemical reactivity of the clusters obtained from our calculations.
Decagonite, Al71Ni24Fe5, a quasicrystal with decagonal symmetry from the Khatyrka CV3 carbonaceous chondrite (2015)

Decagonite is the second natural quasicrystal, after icosahedrite (Al63Cu24Fe13), and the first to exhibit the crystallographically forbidden decagonal symmetry. It was found as rare fragments up to ~60 mm across in one of the grains (labeled number 126) of the Khatyrka meteorite, a CV3 carbonaceous chondrite. The meteoritic grain contains evidence of a heterogeneous distribution of pressures and temperatures that occurred during impact shock, in which some portions of the meteorite reached at least 5 GPa and 1200 °C. Decagonite is associated with Al-bearing trevorite, diopside, forsterite, ahrensite, clinoenstatite, nepheline, coesite, pentlandite, Cu-bearing troilite, icosahedrite, khatyrkite, taenite, Al-bearing taenite, and steinhardtite. Given the exceedingly small size of decagonite, it was not possible to determine most of the physical properties for the mineral. A mean of seven electron microprobe analyses (obtained from three different fragments) gave the formula Al70.2(3)Ni24.5(4)Fe5.3(2), on the basis of 100 atoms. A combined TEM and single-crystal X‑ray diffraction study revealed the unmistakable signature of a decagonal quasicrystal: a pattern of sharp peaks arranged in straight lines with 10-fold symmetry together with periodic patterns taken perpendicular to the 10-fold direction. For quasicrystals, by definition, the structure is not reducible to a single three-dimensional unit cell, so neither cell parameters nor Z can be given. The likely space group is P105/mmc, as is the case for synthetic Al71Ni24Fe5. The five strongest powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0)] are: 2.024 (100), 3.765 (50), 2.051 (45), 3.405 (40), 1.9799 (40). The new mineral has been approved by the IMA-NMNC Commission (IMA2015-017) and named decagonite for the 10-fold symmetry of its structure. The finding of a second natural quasicrystal informs the longstanding debate about the stability and robustness of quasicrystals among condensed matter physicists and demonstrates that mineralogy can continue to surprise us and have a strong impact on other disciplines.
Three-dimensional evaluation of acetabular coverage of the femoral head in normal hip joints and hip joints with acetabular dysplasia. (1992)

Compared with the assessment by data processing-coupled CT scanning, three dimensional evaluations of the acetabular coverage of the femoral head from a plain X-ray picture of the hip joint is found to be a simpler and easier procedure. In addition, the calculated values agree well with those obtained by CT in reconstruction. Consequently, this method is of great value in evaluating the severity of diseases of the hip joint. The acetabular coverage of the anterior portion of the hip joint is decreased in the elderly even if the hip joint is normal. Because this decrease may result in primary arthrosis deformans, it should be studied further. Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is a far better method than Salter's for the early stage of coxarthritis. The present study concludes that it is vitally important to maintain the normal ratio of the anterior and posterior coverage and the shape of the acetabular coverage in the treatment of coxarthritis.
Towards all-digital image sensors with built-in compression (2004)

This work describes two technical innovations that will enable all digital CMOS image sensors with built-in compression. The first innovation is a pixel level analog-to-digital converter employing a ΣΔ architecture. The design is based on the separation of the ΣΔ architecture into two distinct parts; the input transistor and memory element on one side, and the rest of the ΣΔ architecture body on the other. The input transistor and memory element are kept at the pixel site, and the rest of the IA architecture body is out of the pixel area, shared among many pixels. The design requires 3 transistors per pixel and due to the oversampling nature of the ΣΔ architecture the transistors can be small. Within this concept, we describe and analyze four designs. The second innovation is a fast Discrete Cosine Transform computation method based on the Arithmetic Fourier Transform that is shown to be at least 12 times more computationally efficient than the best existing Discrete Cosine Transform methods. The architecture and circuits described here may be implemented in standard CMOS processes.
The Synthesis and Properties ofan OFF -type Zeolite (2014)

The technique for synthesizing powdered OFF-type zeolite of high phase purity and crystallinity has been developed. The effect of crystallization conditions on the characteristics of powderedOFF -type zeolite samples, namely, crystallinity, particle -size distribution, and adsorption of molecules has been studied. An increase in the crystallization temperature has been found to reduce the synthesis duration time; however it resulted in the forma tion of larger OFF-type zeolite crystals and aggregates thereof. It has been discovered than the particle size of the obtained OFF -type zeolite samples does not affect the adsorption of HO molecules. On the coarse-crystalline samples the slower diffusionrate ofn-�!6�� 14molecules into the zeolite channels is observed; it is associated with the larger size of the adsorbed substance molecules. And for yet larger �! 6�� 12 molecules the equilibrium adsorption capacity values are decreased.
Coherent correlator and equalizer using a reconfigurable all-optical tapped delay line (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable optical tapped delay line in conjunction with coherent detection to search multiple patterns among quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols in 20 Gbaud data channel and also to equalize 20 and 31 Gbaud QPSK, 20 Gbaud 8 phase shift keying (PSK), and 16 QAM signals. Multiple patterns are searched successfully on QPSK signals, and correlation peaks are obtained at the matched patterns. QPSK, 8 PSK, and 16 QAM signals are also successfully recovered after 25 km of SMF-28 with average EVMs of 8.3%, 8.9%, and 7.8%. A penalty of <1 dB optical signal to noise penalty is achieved for a 20 Gbaud QPSK signal distorted by up to 400 ps/nm dispersion.
Anisotropic Ising model on the hexagonal-close-packed lattice (1988)

The phase diagram of an Ising model on the hcp lattice with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions J in the basal plane and coupling D (ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic) between planes is analyzed. Previously obtained exact results predict the existence of a Lifshitz tricritical point in its phase diagram. In mean-field theory the model is shown to exhibit a twofold Lifshitz point and a phase diagram with paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and modulated phases. Monte Carlo simulations that clearly indicate the tricritical nature of the Lifshitz point are reported, and series-expansion techniques are used to identify a commensurate phase in a low-temperature portion of the phase diagram.
S6-G4: High injection and efficiency droop in GaInN light-emitting diodes (2014)

An evident correlation between the high injection and the efficiency droop is demonstrated in GaInN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for temperature ranging from 80K to 450K. For this temperature range, the efficiency droop has the same thermal tendency with the high injection, i.e. the onset shifts to lower voltage and higher current with increasing temperature. The voltage difference between two onsets mainly falls on the resistive p-type region and induces strong electric field to enable electron drift leakage and the resulting efficiency droop.
Preventing messaging queue deadlocks in a DMA environment (2023)

Embodiments of the invention may be used to manage message queues in a parallel computing environment to prevent message queue deadlock. A direct memory access controller of a compute node may determine when a messaging queue is full. In response, the DMA may generate and interrupt. An interrupt handler may stop the DMA and swap all descriptors from the full messaging queue into a larger queue (or enlarge the original queue). The interrupt handler then restarts the DMA. Alternatively, the interrupt handler stops the DMA, allocates a memory block to hold queue data, and then moves descriptors from the full messaging queue into the allocated memory block. The interrupt handler then restarts the DMA. During a normal messaging advance cycle, a messaging manager attempts to inject the descriptors in the memory block into other messaging queues until the descriptors have all been processed.