gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of single molecule fluorescence using conical micromirrors (2013)

Subwavelength metal apertures significantly enhance single molecule fluorescence signaling systems, but require efficient illumination and collection optics. On-chip micromirror structures offer a way to markedly improve the coupling efficiency between such subwavelength metal apertures and the external fluorescence illumination and collection optics, which in turn greatly simplifies several aspects of instrument design including optics, optomechanics, and thermal control. Modeling and experimental verification of the gains in illumination and collection efficiency for subwavelength metal apertures leads to a micromirror design that is both highly efficient yet also manufacturable. A combination of ray-based and finite-difference-time-domain models is used to optimize conical micromirrors colocated with subwavelength metal apertures for the case where the illumination light interacts strongly with the micromirror and the collection optics have modest numerical aperture (NA~0.5). Experimental methods employing either freely diffusing or immobilized dye molecules are used to measure the illumination and collection efficiencies of fabricated micromirror prototypes. An overall fluorescence gain of ~100x, comprising a 20x improvement with flood illumination efficiency together with a 5x improvement in collection efficiency, are both predicted and experimentally verified.
Measurement of the Raman Line Widths of Neat Benzenethiol and a Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) of Benzenethiol on a Silver-Coated Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrate (2012)

Raman line widths of neat benzenethiol and a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of benzenethiol on a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate have been measured using a mini spectrometer with a resolution (full width at half-maximum) of 3.3 ± 0.2 cm(-1). Values of 7.3 ± 0.7, 4.6 ± 0.6, 2.4 ± 0.6, 3.2 ± 0.5, 8.8 ± 0.9, and 11.0 ± 1.1 cm(-1) have been determined for the Raman line widths of the 414, 700, 1001, 1026, 1093, and 1584 cm(-1) modes of neat benzenethiol. Values of 13.3 ± 0.7, 9.1 ± 0.7, 5.1 ± 0.6, 5.9 ± 0.6, 13.3 ± 0.5, and 8.7 ± 0.5 cm(-1) have been determined for the SERS line widths of a benzenethiol SAM on a silver-coated SERS substrate for the corresponding frequency-shifted modes at 420, 691, 1000, 1023, 1072, and 1574 cm(-1). The line widths for the SERS modes at 420, 691, 1000, 1023, and 1072 cm(-1) are about a factor of two larger than those of the corresponding Raman modes. However, the line width of the SERS mode at 1574 cm(-1) is slightly smaller than the corresponding Raman mode at 1584 cm(-1).
AnalogNets: ML-HW Co-Design of Noise-robust TinyML Models and Always-On Analog Compute-in-Memory Accelerator (2021)

Always-on TinyML perception tasks in IoT applications require very high energy efficiency. Analog compute-in-memory (CiM) using non-volatile memory (NVM) promises high efficiency and also provides self-contained on-chip model storage. However, analog CiM introduces new practical considerations, including conductance drift, read/write noise, fixed analog-to-digital (ADC) converter gain, etc. These additional constraints must be addressed to achieve models that can be deployed on analog CiM with acceptable accuracy loss. This work describes $\textit{AnalogNets}$: TinyML models for the popular always-on applications of keyword spotting (KWS) and visual wake words (VWW). The model architectures are specifically designed for analog CiM, and we detail a comprehensive training methodology, to retain accuracy in the face of analog non-idealities, and low-precision data converters at inference time. We also describe AON-CiM, a programmable, minimal-area phase-change memory (PCM) analog CiM accelerator, with a novel layer-serial approach to remove the cost of complex interconnects associated with a fully-pipelined design. We evaluate the AnalogNets on a calibrated simulator, as well as real hardware, and find that accuracy degradation is limited to 0.8$\%$/1.2$\%$ after 24 hours of PCM drift (8-bit) for KWS/VWW. AnalogNets running on the 14nm AON-CiM accelerator demonstrate 8.58/4.37 TOPS/W for KWS/VWW workloads using 8-bit activations, respectively, and increasing to 57.39/25.69 TOPS/W with $4$-bit activations.
Hamiltonian Learning and Certification Using Quantum Resources (2014)

In recent years quantum simulation has made great strides, culminating in experiments that existing supercomputers cannot easily simulate. Although this raises the possibility that special purpose analog quantum simulators may be able to perform computational tasks that existing computers cannot, it also introduces a major challenge: certifying that the quantum simulator is in fact simulating the correct quantum dynamics. We provide an algorithm that, under relatively weak assumptions, can be used to efficiently infer the Hamiltonian of a large but untrusted quantum simulator using a trusted quantum simulator. We illustrate the power of this approach by showing numerically that it can inexpensively learn the Hamiltonians for large frustrated Ising models, demonstrating that quantum resources can make certifying analog quantum simulators tractable.
Clinical Application of Injectable Calcium Sulfate on Early Bony Consolidation in Distraction Osteogenesis for the Treatment of Craniofacial Microsomia (2002)

The purpose of this project was to study the effect of calcium sulfate on early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis. A total of eight patients with craniofacial microsomia were treated between April 2000 and February 2001. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 40 years, and all were male. The follow-up period was 1 to 15 months. The operative procedure in adults was based on Ortiz Monasterio's simultaneous mandibular and maxillary distraction technique. In children, osteotomy of the mandible was performed for distraction. On the fifth day after the operation, distraction was performed at a rate of 1 mm/d in three adults. In children, distraction was performed at a rate of 1 mm/d in one patient and 2 mm/d in four patients without a latent period. On the day of completion of distraction, calcium sulfate was implanted into the distracted zone. Radiographs showed bony consolidation at 4 weeks in one child at a rate of 1 mm/d, at 5 to 7 weeks in four children at a rate of 2 mm/d, and at 5 weeks in three adults after implantation of the calcium sulfate. In conclusion, these findings suggest that calcium sulfate is effective for early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis and that it would shorten the whole treatment period.
Pandemic Seasonal H1N1 Reassortants Recovered from Patient Material Display a Phenotype Similar to That of the Seasonal Parent (2016)

Reassortment of influenza A viruses is an important driver of virus evolution, but little has been done to address humans as hosts for the generation of novel influenza viruses. We show here that multiple reassortant viruses were generated during natural coinfection of a patient with pandemic H1N1 (2009) and seasonal H1N1 influenza A viruses. Though apparently fit in model systems, these reassortants did not become established in the wider population, presumably due to herd immunity against their seasonal H1 antigen.
Improvement of Sensitivity of a Compact Magnetometer by Using HTS‐SQUID with Rotating Sample (2015)

SUMMARY We have improved a previously developed compact magnetometer using HTS‐SQUID with a rotating sample. In the previous system, attenuation of the rotational speed had resulted in deformation of the averaged waveform signal, reducing the reproducibility of measurements. In this paper, we have used a better motor in order to decrease the attenuation of the rotational speed for precise averaging of the output signal and improvement of the signal‐to‐noise ratio. To improve sensitivity, we also optimized the pickup coil and compared the signal‐to‐noise ratio of circular and elliptical pickup coils having the same number of turns, resistance, and inductance. As a result, the signal‐to‐noise ratio was improved with high accuracy and the magnetometer showed a susceptibility sensitivity of 3.8× 10 −9 emu.
Sampling reliability, spatial resolution, spatial precision, and extraction efficiency in droplet‐based liquid microjunction surface sampling (2014)

A platform employing a commercially available autosampler coupled to HPLC/MS was developed and successfully applied to investigate the effect of different sampling parameters on the reliability, spatial resolution, spatial precision and extraction efficiency of the liquid junction surface sampling process. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Continuous Flow Enables Metallaphotoredox Catalysis in a Medicinal Chemistry Setting: Accelerated Optimization and Library Execution of a Reductive Coupling between Benzylic Chlorides and Aryl Bromides (2019)

Continuous flow has been used widely in process chemistry and academic settings for various applications. However, initial reaction discovery has generally remained "batch-exclusive" despite the existence of efficient, reproducible flow systems. We hereby disclose a workflow to bridge the gap between early medicinal chemistry efforts and process-scale development, showcased by the discovery and optimization of a metallaphotoredox-catalyzed cross-coupling between benzylic chlorides and aryl bromides, followed by two library syntheses of complex drug-like compounds.
GAS41 amplification results in overexpression of a new spindle pole protein (2012)

Amplification is a hallmark of many human tumors but the role of most amplified genes in human tumor development is not yet understood. Previously, we identified a frequently amplified gene in glioma termed glioma-amplified sequence 41 (GAS41). Using the TCGA data portal and performing experiments on HeLa and TX3868, we analyzed the role of GAS41 amplification on GAS41 overexpression and the effect on the cell cycle. Here we show that GAS41 amplification is associated with overexpression in the majority of cases. Both induced and endogenous overexpression of GAS41 leads to an increase in multipolar spindles. We showed that GAS41 is specifically associated with pericentrosome material. As result of an increased GAS41 expression we found bipolar spindles with misaligned chromosomes. This number was even increased by a combined overexpression of GAS41 and a reduced expression of NuMA. We propose that GAS41 amplification may have an effect on the highly altered karyotype of glioblastoma via its role during spindle pole formation.
Real-Time FPGA Processing for High-Speed Optical Frequency Domain Imaging (2009)

We present a novel algorithm for reconstructing interferograms acquired in optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI). The algorithm was developed specifically for processing in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and featured the use of a finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter implementation of B-spline interpolation for efficiently re-sampling k-space. When implemented in FPGAs, the algorithm allowed for real-time processing of interferograms acquired with a high-speed OFDI system at 54 kHz and a sampling rate of 100 MS/s.
Protein Kinase C-α Activity Is Required for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion to Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (2004)

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection activates protein kinase C (PKC), but the precise PKC isoform(s) involved and its role(s) remain to be elucidated. On the basis of the activation kinetics of different signaling pathways and the effect of various PKC inhibitors, it was reasoned that PKC activation is important in the early stages of RSV infection, especially RSV fusion and/or replication. Herein, the role of PKC-α during the early stages of RSV infection in normal human bronchial epithelial cells is determined. The results show that the blocking of PKC-α activation by classical inhibitors, pseudosubstrate peptides, or the overexpression of dominant-negative mutants of PKC-α in these cells leads to significantly decreased RSV infection. RSV induces phosphorylation, activation, and cytoplasm-to-membrane translocation of PKC-α. Also, PKC-α colocalizes with virus particles and is required for RSV fusion to the cell membrane. Thus, PKC-α could provide a new pharmacological target for controlling RSV infection.
Intensive Chemotherapy (LNHIV-91 Regimen) and G-CSF for HIV Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2000)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of an intensive chemotherapy regimen associated with G-CSF in HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Fifty two consecutive patients with HIV infection, aggressive NHL and CD4+ cells > or = 100 x 10(6)/l were included. The median CD4 cell count was 276 x 10(6)/l. Nineteen tumors were of the Burkitt's type, 23 were large cells, 7 immunoblastic, and 3 anaplastic. Twenty-five patients had stage IV disease (bone marrow involvement in 7, and central nervous system in 9). Three cycles of ACVBP (doxorubicine, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, prednisolone) were given. A fourth cycle was delivered to patients in partial remission or with initial bulky disease. The induction was followed by three cycles of CVM (cyclophosphamide, etoposide, methotrexate). G-CSF 5 microg/kg was used at each cycle. Results showed that 37 patients (71%) achieved a complete remission. With a median follow-up of 74 months, 8 of them have relapsed. The median survival was 15 months and 34 patients have died (21 with NHL). The 4-year estimate survival was 33.9% (95% CI, 19.8%-47.4%). The Relative Dose-Intensity of the chemotherapy was 85% for doxorubicine and 87% for cyclophosphamide. In a multivariate analysis, homosexual men and patients with ECOG < 2 had a lower risk for death: RR = 0.32 (95% CI, 0.15-0.65) and RR = 0.36 (95% CI, 0.18-0.74), respectively. Achievement of complete remission was strongly associated with survival. In conclusion, it seems that in HIV-infected patients with NHL and a CD4 cell count above 100 x 10(6)/l, high complete remission rate and prolonged survival can be achieved with the intensive LNHIV-91 regimen.
Experimental Synchronization Monitoring of I/Q Data and Pulse-Carving Temporal Misalignment for a Serial-Type 80-Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK Transmitter (2008)

We experimentally demonstrate a monitoring method for determining misalignment between the I/Q data streams and between the data and pulse-carving in an 80-Gbit/s serial RZ- DQPSK transmitter. We show a dynamic-range of 8 dB for I/Q data misalignment and 6 dB for data to carver misalignment.
Exploration of Lattice Reduction Aided Soft-Output MIMO Detection on a DLP/ILP Baseband Processor (2013)

Lattice Reduction aided soft output MIMO detectors (LR-SOMD) have been demonstrated to offer a promising gain. This work explores the potential of implementing a LR-SOMD on a parallel programmable baseband processor. In this paper, first a LR algorithm called the Data Regularized Parallel Lattice Reduction algorithm (DRP-LR) is proposed. Afterwards, a low-complexity LR-SOMD, Radius Constrained Multi-Tree Selective Spanning (RC-MTSS) is presented. RC-MTSS uses a novel multiple-tree search approach for LR-SOMD, while combining the benefits of Sphere Detection (SD) and Selective Spanning with Fast Enumeration (SSFE). A fixed complexity LR-SOMD, Multi-Tree Selective Spanning (MTSS) is also proposed for implementation. Both the algorithms, DRP-LR and MTSS, are enabled to exploit data level parallelism (DLP) and instruction level parallelism (ILP). In order to evaluate performance, the proposed DRP-LR and MTSS are implemented on the ADRES baseband processor for a 4 × 4 LTE system using QAM-64. DRP-LR achieves an average throughput of 33.33 M LR per second, which is comparable to recently reported ASIC implementations, while MTSS shows an average throughput of 730 Mbps on the same processor. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first reported implementation of a LR-SOMD algorithm on a parallel programmable baseband processor.
Influence of a paclitaxel coated balloon in combination with a bare metal stent on restenosis and endothelial function: Comparison with a drug eluting stent and a bare metal stent (2013)

DES and the combination of DCB + BMS showed a significant reduction of late lumen loss as compared to a BMS alone. Furthermore, both types of local drug delivery were not associated with a deterioration of microvascular function at 9 months [ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00473499].
Exploring the clinical and genetic associations of adult weight trajectories using electronic health records in a racially diverse biobank: a phenome-wide and polygenic risk study (2022)

Klarman Family Foundation, US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
On Antenna Design Objectives and the Channel Capacity of MIMO Handsets (2014)

The branch correlation coefficient (BCC), the branch power ratio (BPR), and the total mean power (TMP) are often used to characterize the mobile multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. This work investigates to which degree these parameters are useful for maximizing the channel capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) handheld devices used in data mode. A statistical point of view is applied, using about 2800 outdoor to indoor channel sounder measurements obtained with combinations of ten different handsets, four to eight test users, and a variety of different use cases (UCs). All measurements were made in an urban environment in a setup with two different base stations (BSs) and with the users inside a single building. For each measurement combination, the mean capacity (MC) and associated values of BCC, BPR, and TMP are obtained. From the data it is found that the MC is only weakly correlated with both the BCC and the BPR, while the MC is highly correlated with the TMP.
Automated Visual Inspection Algorithm for Solder Joint of Surface Mount Devices Based on Three Dimensional Shape Analysis. (1996)

An automated visual inspection system has been developed for use with surface mount devices (SMDs) on a printed circuit board (PCB). The system is capable of inspecting minute solder joints of fine pitch components as small as 0.3mm pitch QFP leads. A solder joint is judged using a height image and an intensity image that are detected by a unique confocal height sensor. A solder joint is classified based on the extracted features of solder fillet shape and correlation between a lead and its pad position. Therefore, accurate recognition of these components from the images is extremely important for reliable inspection. However, the shape of a solder fillet varies greatly, depending on factors such as the soldering process, material of the lead and the solder itself. Furthermore, the height sensor sometimes detects erroneous height data, observed as spike noise caused by insufficient reflection light from the inclined specula surface of a solder fillet. The present authors developed a unique noise reduction algorithm that utilizes a model shape of a solder joint as well as a statistical edge detection algorithm based on highest probability to recognize a solder joint without influence of noise. Each component of a solder joint is recognized by a method customized for the type of it, in order to achieve reliable recognition of various shapes of solder joints. Evaluation of the system confirms that it realizes a 100% defect detection rate and a very low false alarm rate (0.16%). The present paper describes the employed inspection algorithm and briefly explains the developed automated inspection system.
Effects of starvation on microsomal cytochrome P-450 and laurate-.OMEGA.-hydroxylation of rat kidney and liver. (1983)

Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) content and laurate-omega-oxidation activity in rat kidney and liver microsomes were investigated following starvation. Multiple forms of P-450 were analyzed by one dimensional separation using peroxidase stained SDS-continuous gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gels of the hepatic microsomes treated with phenobarbital showed three P-450 bands, and the renal microsomes showed one sharp band, which was induced remarkably by starvation and coincided with the middle molecular form of P-450 from the hepatic microsomes. Since laurate-omega-oxidation activity was induced specifically by starvation but not by drug treatment, in both the kidney and the liver microsomes, the middle molecular form of P-450 might catalyze laurate-omega-oxidation. It seemed, therefore, that a special P-450 subunit catalyzing laurate-omega-oxidation has a greater function in the renal rather than hepatic microsomes because the specific laurate-omega-oxidation activity per starvation induced P-450 content was relatively similar in both the kidney and the liver.
Regeneration and utilization of waste phenolic formaldehyde resin: A performance investigation (2019)

ABSTRACT Recycled thermosetting phenolic formaldehyde (RPF) resins were pulverized to micron‐sized powders and successfully reused as an effective component by reactive‐injecting with neat phenolic formaldehyde (PF) and/or trioxymethylene (TOX) to prepare regenerated phenolic formaldehyde (i.e., and ). Tensile strength (σ f ), impact strength (I s ), and density (ρ) of and specimens were reduced as RPF concentrations or average particle sizes increased. It is worth emphasizing that σ f , I s , and ρ of each reaction‐injected series having a fixed RPF concentration and average particle size improved to a maximum value, as TOX concentrations reached a corresponding optimal value. This is the first investigation to report that σ f and I s of proper regenerated PF/RPF/TOX specimens using ≦20 wt % RPF waste were ≥ 95% of those of the virgin reaction‐injected PF. Possible reasons accounting for these improved mechanical properties were proposed based on results from their Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47445.
Ultrafast dynamics and phase changes in crystalline and amorphous GaAs (2002)

The femtosecond-time-resolved response of the spectral dielectric function provides a great wealth of information on carrier and lattice dynamics in highly photoexcited semiconductors. We present measurements of the dielectric function of crystalline and amorphous GaAs over a broad spectral energy range (1.7--3.4 eV), with sub-100-fs time resolution. A detailed analysis of the data reveals many insights into the dynamics and phase changes in semiconductors at high excitation fluences up to and beyond the damage threshold.
Photo-oxidation of Cyclopentadiene Using Continuous Processing: Application to the Synthesis of (1R,4S)-4-Hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-yl Acetate (2020)

(1R,4S)-4-Hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-yl acetate is a chiral small building block that was requested to advance several Pfizer programs into the clinic. Pfizer and Syncom partnered to develop a photo-oxidation process of cyclopentadiene using a flow approach followed by subsequent bis-acetylation of the meso diol and final biocatalytic desymmetrization. This continuous process was demonstrated on a 6 g·h–1 input and is amenable to larger scale. The optimization and scale-up of this sequence is described therein.
Structure of N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine (1992)

C 8 H 18 N 2 O 2 cristallise dans Pbca avec a=9.328, b=12.106, c=8.253A, Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0.052. La molecule est centrosymetrique avec un cycle piperazine dans une forme chaise. Dans le cycle la longueur moyenne N-C est de 1.471A et l'angle C-N-C est de 108.2°. Les groupes hydroxyethyl sont en positions equatoriales
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CERVICAL PREGNANCY WITH ORAL ETOPOSIDE (1990)

Cervical ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon entity associated with significant morbidity and devastating effects on future fertility. A woman with a cervical gestation with quantitative serum (β-hCG levels higher than 46,000 mIU/mL and fetal cardiac activity on ultrasound was treated successfully with one course of oral etoposide, a fetocidal agent, which avoided operative intervention and preserved the patient's fertility.