gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling hybrid nonlinearities in transparent conducting oxides via two-colour excitation (2017)

Nanophotonics and metamaterials have revolutionized the way we think about optical space (ɛ,μ), enabling us to engineer the refractive index almost at will, to confine light to the smallest of the volumes, and to manipulate optical signals with extremely small footprints and energy requirements. Significant efforts are now devoted to finding suitable materials and strategies for the dynamic control of the optical properties. Transparent conductive oxides exhibit large ultrafast nonlinearities under both interband and intraband excitations. Here we show that combining these two effects in aluminium-doped zinc oxide via a two-colour laser field discloses new material functionalities. Owing to the independence of the two nonlinearities, the ultrafast temporal dynamics of the material permittivity can be designed by acting on the amplitude and delay of the two fields. We demonstrate the potential applications of this novel degree of freedom by dynamically addressing the modulation bandwidth and optical spectral tuning of a probe optical pulse.
[Cell therapy in Parkinson's disease]. (2004)

An approach for symptomatic Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy is fetal dopamine neuron transplantation. This approach remains the technical and ethical difficulties in obtaining sufficient and appropriate donor fetal brain tissue. In developments of stem cell biology, neural stem cells exist in the adult brain as well as embryo and have the capacity to regenerate and to give rise to the three cell lineages in the nervous system. Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are pluripotent cells, which give rise to all cells in the organism. Current findings suggest that stem cells but not fetal brain tissues may be suitable for cell replacement therapies in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. We will briefly review the current state of cell therapy, and will critically discuss the potential of stem cells for the treatment of PD.
A study of the low-temperature adsorption of molecular hydrogen on oxides by diffuse scattering IR spectropscopy (1982)

The low temperature adsorption of molecular hydrogen on silica gel, aluminosilicate and n-aluminum oxide has been studied by measuring the IR spectra in diffusely scattered light. This method is significantly more sensitive than traditional methods of IR spectroscopy of solid samples. Results indicate that the measurement of the diffuse scattering IR spectra of molecular hydrogen adsorbed on oxides at low temperature is a promising technique for the study of the structural and physicochemical properties of the surface of adsorbents and catalysts.
Data from Tumor Genomic Testing for >4,000 Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer in the Phase III Trial PROfound (Olaparib) (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Successful implementation of genomic testing in clinical practice is critical for identification of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) eligible for olaparib and future molecularly targeted therapies.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;An investigational clinical trial assay, based on the FoundationOneCDx tissue test, was used to prospectively identify patients with qualifying homologous recombination repair gene alterations in the phase III PROfound study. Evaluation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) tissue test outcome against preanalytic parameters was performed to identify key factors influencing NGS result generation.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;A total of 4,858 tissue samples from 4,047 patients were tested and reported centrally. NGS results were obtained in 58% (2,792/4,858) of samples (69% of patients). Of samples submitted, 83% were primary tumor samples (96% were archival and 4% newly obtained). Almost 17% were metastatic tumor samples (60% were archival and 33% newly obtained). NGS results were generated more frequently from newly obtained compared with archival samples (63.9% vs. 56.9%) and metastatic compared with primary samples (63.9% vs. 56.2%). Although generation of an NGS result declined with increasing sample age, approximately 50% of samples ages &gt;10 years generated results. While higher tumor content and DNA yield resulted in greater success in obtaining NGS results, other factors, including selection and preservation of samples, may also have had an impact.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The PROfound study shows that tissue testing to identify homologous recombination repair alterations is feasible and that high-quality tumor tissue samples are key to obtaining NGS results and identifying patients with mCRPC who may benefit from olaparib treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Strong Near-Field Light–Matter Interaction in Plasmon-Resonant Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Indium Nitride (2020)

We report a detailed study of the strong near-field Raman scattering enhancement, which takes place in tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) in indium nitride. In addition to the well-known first-order optical phonons of indium nitride, near-field Raman modes, not detectable in the far-field, appear when approaching the plasmonic probe. The frequencies of these modes coincide with calculated energies of second-order combinational modes consisting of optical zone center phonons and acoustic phonons at the edge of the Brillouin zone. The appearance of strong combinational modes suggests that TERS in indium nitride represents a special case of Raman scattering in which a resonance condition on the nanometer scale is achieved between the localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of the probe with the surface charge oscillation of the material. We suggest that the surface charge accumulation (SCA) in InN, which can render the surface a degenerate semiconductor, is the dominating reason for the unusually large enhancement of the TERS signal as compared to other inorganic semiconductors. Thus, the plasmon-resonant TERS (PR-TERS) process in InN makes this technique an excellent tool for defect characterization of indium-rich semiconductor heterostructures and nanostructures with high carrier concentrations.
Supplementary Data from Long-term Follow-up and Correlative Analysis of Two Phase II Trials of Rituximab and Lenalidomide Followed by Continuous Lenalidomide in Untreated and Relapsed/Refractory Indolent Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
Decatromicins A and B, New Antibiotics Produced by Actinomadura sp. MK73-NF4. I. Taxonomy, Isolation, Physico-chemical Properties and Biological Activities. (1999)

New antibiotics designated decatromicins A and B were isolated from the culture broth of Actinomadura sp. MK73-NF4. They were purified by butyl acetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography, silica gel TLC and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Decatromicins A and B inhibited growth of Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
R970, A Selective Activator of Nrf2, is Efficacious in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis (2016)

Abstract The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like 2) is a key mediator of the anti-oxidant response. Nrf2 can be activated by alkylating its chaperone, Keap-1, resulting in a retardation of Nrf2 degradation, and increased Nrf2 in the cytoplasm. Upon translocation to the nucleus, Nrf2 binds an Antioxidant Response Element (ARE), which leads to the transcription of antioxidant gene products, many of which may be cytoprotective. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway may be useful against a wide-range of disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and Huntington’s Disease, among others. For example, monomethylfumarate (MMF), the active component of the multiple sclerosis drug, dimethylfumarate (DMF), has been shown to activate the Nrf2-pathway at therapeutic concentrations. However, MMF also serves as an agonist of the niacin receptor, which is likely responsible for the flushing side-effect seen in patients taking DMF. We have discovered a novel class of molecules that are potent activators of Nrf2 and are inactive at the niacin receptor, yet are efficacious in vivo in a model of multiple sclerosis. Lead candidate R970 is an orally-bioavailable small molecule activator of Nrf2 (EC50 = 1 uM; MMF EC50 = 127 uM), which is inactive at the niacin receptor (0% activity at 500 uM; MMF EC50 ;ca. 1 uM). Additionally, R970 is selective against a range of kinase, G-protein-coupled receptor, ion-channel, and transporter targets. When dosed orally in a murine model of multiple sclerosis, R970 delayed the onset and also suppressed clinical disease. Further exploration with R970 and other selective activators of Nrf2 is ongoing and may yield a next-generation Nrf2-therapeutic, with an improved side-effect profile.
Abstract 476: A human scFv as a tool to understand the biogenesis of a subset of oncogenic microRNAs (2018)

Abstract Trans-acting factors such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNA) have recently been recognized as prime regulators of gene expression during tumorigenesis. Nucleolin (NCL) is the most abundant nucleolar RNA-binding protein, controlling critical cellular processes such as chromatin remodeling, ribosome biogenesis and miRNA biogenesis. In the cytoplasm, NCL regulates gene expression post-transcriptionally by controlling mRNA stability and/or translation via ARE- and miRNA-mediated pathways. In contrast, NCL at the cell surface plays pivotal roles in cancer progression and metastasis in many types of tumors. Therefore, surface-NCL is an appealing target for cancer therapy. Earlier our group described 4LB5, a human-derived single chain fragment variable (scFv) that specifically targets surface-NCL exerting cytotoxic effects, both in vitro and in vivo. We have identified the central RNA-binding domains (RBD1-4) of NCL as 4LB5-interacting sites. 4LB5-mediated blocking of NCL-RBDs significantly impairs the biogenesis of a subset of oncogenic miRNAs, such as miR-21, -221 and -222, and their binding to the microprocessor complex. The structural fold of all the 4 RBDs is highly conserved, but there are significant differences in their sequences. RBD1-2 have been well studied in their mechanism and capability to form high-affinity RNA-binding complexes, but RBD 3-4 have not been explored to the same extent. We hypothesize that consecutive or selective combinations of RBDs in NCL might have distinct roles in RNA biology. NCL RBD1-2 domains are well documented in the literature for their high affinity for mRNAs and rRNAs. However, RNA-specificity on NCL-RBDs has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we used protein-antibody and protein-RNA docking analyses to identify potential differential binding affinities between multiple NCL modules (RDB1-2, RBD3-4 and RBD1-4) and either 4LB5 or miRNAs. In silico results were also evaluated by multiple biochemical assays (ELISA, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Pull-Down and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays) using NCL Modules, 4LB5 and RNA molecules. Finally, competition assays were performed to assess ability of our scFv to impair miRNA binding to NCL. Our results indicate the importance of the NCL region targeted by 4LB5 in microRNA maturation. Functional studies will help us to better elucidate the biologic role of NCL RBDs, and their involvement in cancer pathogenesis. Citation Format: Valerio Embrione, Michael Scarpati, Zachary D. Uzzel, Rahimah Ahmad, Fortuna A. De Sury, Tyler J. Sheetz, Vincenzo Coppola, Shaneen M. Singh, Anjana D. Saxena, Carlo M. Croce, Dario Palmieri. A human scFv as a tool to understand the biogenesis of a subset of oncogenic microRNAs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 476.
Efficient p-n junction-based thermoelectric generator that can operate at extreme temperature conditions (2017)

In many industrial processes a large proportion of energy is lost in the form of heat. Thermoelectric generators can convert this waste heat into electricity by means of the Seebeck effect. However, the use of thermoelectric generators in practical applications on an industrial scale is limited in part because electrical, thermal, and mechanical bonding contacts between the semiconductor materials and the metal electrodes in current designs are not capable of withstanding thermal-mechanical stress and alloying of the metal-semiconductor interface when exposed to the high temperatures occurring in many real-world applications. Here we demonstrate a concept for thermoelectric generators that can address this issue by replacing the metallization and electrode bonding on the hot side of the device by a p-n junction between the two semiconductor materials, making the device robust against temperature induced failure. In our proof-of-principle demonstration a p-n junction device made from nanocrystalline silicon is at least comparable in its efficiency and power output to conventional devices of the same material and fabrication process, but with the advantage of sustaining high hot side temperatures and oxidative atmosphere.
Resting State Changes in Functional Connectivity Correlate With Movement Recovery for BCI and Robot-Assisted Upper-Extremity Training After Stroke (2012)

FCC may predict the steepness of individual motor gains. Future training could therefore focus on directly inducing these beneficial increases in FC. Evaluation of the treatment groups suggests that MI is a potential facilitator of such neuroplasticity.
10.3: An Empirical Analysis of Effect Factors for High Reliability on AMOLED Display (2015)

A luminance degradation of AMOLED display is analyzed in order to figure out driving factors for high performance of reliability on a large‐scaled display. The initial non‐uniformity and ageing parameters were incorporated into the luminance decay model. For each set of parameters, we simulated the luminance degradation of 10,000 panels for 100,000 operating hours and analyzed by two criteria; contrast deviation and luminance variation of panels to determine failures. Stability of TFTs is the most significant parameter for realizing highly reliable AMOLED display. Stability of OLEDs is also potential factor when which of TFTs is sufficient.
Pratiques actuelles de vaccination et effets sur le développement social et affectif des jeunes enfants (de la naissance à cinq ans) (2004)

Introduction Bien qu’il se soit passe plus de 200 ans depuis qu’Edward Jenner a reussi la premiere vaccination contre la variole, ce n’est qu’au cours du siecle dernier que l’impact des vaccins a ete le plus important. En effet, la vaccination a ete identifiee comme une des plus grandes reussites de sante publique au 20 siecle. Grâce a la vaccination, la variole et la poliomyelite ont ete eradiquees en Occident et l’eradication mondiale pourrait etre realisee au cours des cinq prochaines annees. Les cas de rougeole ont ete reduits de plus de 99 % en Occident et on parle de plus 90 % de reduction dans des juridictions qui utilisent la vaccination universelle pour les maladies suivantes : • le tetanos, • la diphterie (une infection grave de la gorge qui peut etre mortelle), • la coqueluche, une maladie envahissante causee par l’Haemophilus influenza de type b, • le syndrome de la rubeole congenitale (infection du fœtus si la mere contracte la rubeole pendant la grossesse, ce qui conduit a des malformations graves a la naissance, y compris la deficience intellectuelle, des cataractes, des anomalies cardiaques et la surdite), • et les oreillons.
From Machine Ethics to Internet Ethics: Broadening the Horizon (2020)

This article introduces some of the key concepts and challenges pertaining to ethics from the standpoint of Internet applications.
Regulation of intestinal guanylate cyclase by the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (STa) and protein kinase C (1992)

The heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (STa) stimulates membrane-bound guanylate cyclase in intestinal epithelium and induces fluid and ion secretion. Using the T84 human colon carcinoma cell line as a model, we observed that phorbol esters markedly enhanced STa-stimulated cyclic GMP accumulation in T84 cells (C. S. Weikel, C. L. Spann, C. P. Chambers, J. K. Crane, J. Linden, and E. L. Hewlett, Infect. Immun. 58:1402-1407, 1990). In this study we document that the phorbol ester treatment increases 125I-STa-binding sites as well as membrane-bound guanylate cyclase activity in T84 cells and provide evidence that both effects are mediated by phosphorylation. Guanylate cyclase activity was increased approximately 50% in membranes prepared from intact T84 cells treated with phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (beta-PDB) and after treatment of homogenates with beta-PDB in a manner dependent on ATP, MgCl2, and cytosol. Similarly, treatment of membranes with purified bovine brain protein kinase C in the presence of appropriate cofactors and beta-PDB resulted in an increase in STa-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity of about 70%. Likewise, the number of 125I-STa-binding sites was increased by about 25 to 40% in membranes prepared from intact cells or homogenates treated with beta-PDB; no effect on binding affinity (Kd = 0.15 nM) was noted. These experiments suggest that protein kinase C may phosphorylate the STa receptor-guanylate cyclase or a closely related protein and increase guanylate cyclase activity. The stimulatory effects of protein kinase C on STa-sensitive guanylate cyclase are opposite in direction to the profound inhibitory effects of the kinase on atrial natriuretic peptide-stimulated guanylate cyclase, demonstrating differential regulation by protein kinases within the guanylate cyclase-receptor family.
Ultra-High-Energy-Density Converter for Portable Power (2005)

Mesoscale gas turbine generator systems are a promising solution for high energy and power density portable devices. This paper presents an overview of a two-stage system with a power output of 100 W. There is a need for catalytic combustion and new ceramic materials. An existing turbine expander and a compression system are downscaled and a high-speed test-bench setup for the electrical system has been built. A simulation toolbox for small thermal machines and model-based control and diagnostics are developed. 1.
Bone-marrow derived Dendritic cells can effectively be pulsed by HBVsvp and induce specific immune reactions in Balb/c mice (2009)

Introduction: Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. While virus replication can effectively be controlled by potent new nucleoside and nucleotide analogas, HBs seroconversion, as marker of viral eradication, is achieved very rarely. Therapeutic cell based approaches, like interferon therapy, have a better chance to lead to seroconversion. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the cellular immune response and therefore have a high potential to control or eradicate viral infections. They have been shown to play an important role in controlling HBV infection.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Prooncogenic Factors miR-23b and miR-27b Are Regulated by Her2/<i>Neu</i>, EGF, and TNF-α in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 37K&lt;/p&gt;
Angiopoietin-1 enhances inflammation and fibrosis in the chronic phase of murine folic-acid induced nephropathy (2007)

[SA-PO336] Angiopoietin-1 Enhances Inflammation and Fibrosis in the Chronic Phase of Murine Folic-Acid Induced Nephropathy.David A. Long, John S. Rudge, Karen L. Price, Claire M. Gannon, Ella Ioffe, Luigi Gnudi, George D. Yancopoulos, Adrian S. Woolf Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institue of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, New York; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Kings College, London, United KingdomSeveral studies have used vascular growth factors to attempt to treat diverse nephropathies: the rationale being that an attenuation of capillaries can be detected in several such models and this is envisaged to lead to tissue hypoxia and subsequent harmful effects on other renal cell types. Angiopoietin-1 is a secreted growth factor which can enhance endothelial cell survival, and induces capillary stabilisation and sprouting. Therefore, we hypothesised that administration of angiopoietin-1 may prevent capillary loss, and reduce associated tubulointerstitial lesions, in the folic acid model of chronic nephropathy. Eight week old male mice were administered adenovirus transducing either GFP or angiopoietin-1 followed by folic acid (240 mg/kg body weight) and assessed 21 days later. Angiopoietin-1 significantly ameliorated the attrition of interstitial capillaries in this mouse model as determined by PECAM-1 immunohistochemistry. However, this same therapy was unexpectedly and strikingly associated with worsening of fibrosis as quantitatively assessed by Massons trichrome staining, elevated -SMA (periglomerular staining, mRNA and protein levels), fibronectin and TGF- mRNA expression and a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen levels. In addition, angiopoietin-1 gene delivery enhanced inflammation with an elevated interstitial neutrophil and macrophage infiltration alongside significantly enhanced MCP-1 protein levels in the kidney. Finally, using a murine macrophage cell line we demonstrated the expression of the angiopoietin receptors Tie-1 (mRNA) and Tie-2 (mRNA and protein) suggesting that the macrophages themselves could be a direct target for angiopoietin-1 in this mouse model. These observations constitute an important caveat regarding the use of renal endothelial growth factor therapy, in as much as the outcomes may vary considerably depending on which disease is being treated.
Regulation of Akt(ser473) phosphorylation by Choline kinase in breast carcinoma cells (2009)

High Choline kinase expression and activity has previously been implicated in tumor development and metastasis. The mechanism by which Choline kinase is involved in tumor formation is still not fully resolved. From our data, we proposed that Choline kinase plays a key role in regulating Akt(ser473) phosphorylation, thereby promoting cell survival and proliferation.
Performance of Lead Integrity Alert to Assist in the Clinical Diagnosis of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Lead Failures (2013)

LIA markedly increased the detection rate of LSE compared with conventional impedance monitoring.
Impact of Film Morphology on Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Tungsten (2016)

This study investigated the effects of tungsten (W) film morphology on the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of W. Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) W films with two distinctively different grain sizes were used for comparison. During polishing, W film thickness and optical reflectance, friction, and pad temperature were monitored in-situ. It was found that larger-grained W film took longer to pass the initial low removal rate stage. By correlating four different sensor signals, comparing friction dependency on film morphology, in slurry vs. DIW, it was concluded that W CMP comprises three main stages. First is the low rate initiation stage: grain is being partially planarized, reflectance increases, friction decreases. Second is the transition stage: rate is ramping, grain becomes fully planarized, optical reflectance reaches maximum, and friction becomes minimal followed by a significant rise caused by formation of tungsten oxide passivation layer on the planarized W surface. Third is the high and constant rate stage: passivation and removal occur in a repetitive cycle, friction is high and stable, optical reflectance changes as polishing reaches different film depths. In all three stages, pad temperature increases continuously as friction-induced heat dissipates, with the rate of temperature increase following that of friction magnitude.