gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles and Practice of Keyhole Brain Surgery (2015)

Developed 20 years ago by leading innovators in the field, the keyhole concept of brain surgery has become an integral part of the practice of neurosurgery. This timely and comprehensive book covers the thinking, philosophy, and techniques of modern keyhole brain surgery, including a realistic assessment of its benefits and limitations. Written by expert practitioners and highlighted by vivid surgical illustrations and procedural videos, Principles and Practice of Keyhole Brain Surgery functions as an experienced mentor working side by side with neurosurgeons as they master the techniques. Special Features: * Introduces the basic principles of the keyhole approach, including the practical, technical, and logistical aspects of planning procedures and operating through small openings * Beautifully illustrated with nearly 900 endoscopic images, diagrams, surgical drawings, and operative photographs, many showing step-by-step procedures* Details the pivotal role of the endoscope in keyhole brain surgery and its ability to provide multiple angles of visualization, including a useful catalog of clinical situations where the endoscope has proven most effective* Demonstrates contemporary keyhole approaches (e.g. the eyebrow/sub-frontal approach) in procedures for supratentorial intra-axial brain tumors, tumors of the cribriform plate and orbit, parasellar masses, craniopharyngiomas, tumors of the middle fossa and cavernous sinus and many other conditions in the cranial base* Offers more than 100 procedural videos on the Thieme's MediaCenter, narrated by the authors and aligned to chapters in the book for an unparalleled learning resource Providing all the information necessary to achieve surgical goals through well placed, smaller openings-with the added benefits of shorter procedures, fewer wound complications and better patient outcomes-Principles and Practice of Keyhole Brain Surgery is essential for every neurosurgeon in practice today.
Real-Time Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulators for 2D Holographic Display (2014)

The use of a distributed representation of a 2D image, such as the complex Fourier transform, has an advantage in image projection due to the inherent fault-tolerant attributes. For example, pixel failures in high-complexity display devices do not appear in the projected image, due to the Fourier transform relationship between the display and the image. It would appear that, in order to represent the Fourier transform of an image, the display device should be capable of fully complex modulation. However, a very good phase-only approximation to the true full complex modulation can be derived by using iterative algorithms, so that phase-modulating spatial light modulators can be employed. This article catalogues a representative selection of devices which have been employed and discusses their relative merits.
Trajectory Generation for Flexible-Joint Space Manipulators (2022)

Space manipulator arms often exhibit significant joint flexibility and limited motor torque. Future space missions, including satellite servicing and large structure assembly, may involve the manipulation of massive objects, which will accentuate these limitations. Currently, astronauts use visual feedback on-orbit to mitigate oscillations and trajectory following issues. Large time delays between orbit and Earth make ground teleoperation difficult in these conditions, so more autonomous operations must be considered to remove the astronaut resource requirement and expand robotic capabilities in space. Trajectory planning for autonomous systems must therefore be considered to prevent poor trajectory tracking performance. We provide a model-based trajectory generation methodology that incorporates constraints on joint speed, motor torque, and base actuation for flexible-joint space manipulators while minimizing total trajectory time. Full spatial computer simulation results, as well as physical experiment results with a single-joint robot on an air bearing table, show the efficacy of our methodology.
Structure‐Based Design of Potent Beta‐Lactamase Inhibitors (1998)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Structure of Citrobacter freundii Class C Beta-Lactamase Model of the Mechanism of Action: Cleavage of Penicillin G Structure of the Complex with Aztreonam Design of Inhibitors Kinetics of the Inhibition Reaction Hydrolysis by Class A Beta-Lactamases X-Ray Structure of the Complex with a Bridged Monobactam Structure-Activity Relationship among Bridged Monobactams Conclusion
Machine learning for real-time optical property recovery in interstitial photodynamic therapy: a stimulation-based study (2021)

With the continued development of non-toxic photosensitizer drugs, interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) is showing more favorable outcomes in recent clinical trials. IPDT planning is crucial to further increase the treatment efficacy. However, it remains a major challenge to generate a high-quality, patient-specific plan due to uncertainty in tissue optical properties (OPs), <i>µ</i> <sub><i>a</i></sub> and <i>µ</i> <sub><i>s</i></sub> . These parameters govern how light propagates inside tissues, and any deviation from the planning-assumed values during treatment could significantly affect the treatment outcome. In this work, we increase the robustness of iPDT against OP variations by using machine learning models to recover the patient-specific OPs from light dosimetry measurements and then re-optimizing the diffusers' optical powers to adapt to these OPs in real time. Simulations on virtual brain tumor models show that reoptimizing the power allocation with the recovered OPs significantly reduces uncertainty in the predicted light dosimetry for all tissues involved.
APPLICATION OF LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION AND PROTEIN MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF AIRWAY INJURY FOLLOWING POLLUTION PARTICLE EXPOSURE (2004)

Understanding the mechanisms by which various types of air pollution particles (particulate matter, PM) mediate adverse health effects would provide biological plausibility to epidemiological associations of increased rates of morbidity and mortality. The majority of information regarding the means by which PM generates lung injury has been derived from in vitro studies. However, it is unclear as to what extent these mechanisms can be extrapolated to the in vivo situation. Current methods to assess mechanisms of PM-induced lung injury make it difficult to obtain site-specific, sensitive, and comprehensive determinations of cellular and molecular pathology associated with PM-induced injury. In the present study, the ability of laser capture microdissection (LCM) and protein microarray technologies were assessed to examine the effect of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) exposure on airway intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factor activation. Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with 0.5 mg/rat of ROFA. LCM was used to recover airway cells and protein extracts derived from the microdissected airways were analyzed by protein microarray. ROFA exposure increased p-ERK:ERK and p-I kappa B:I kappa B, suggesting changes in cell growth, transformation, and inflammation within the airway. These results are consistent with previously reported in vitro findings, demonstrating for the first time the credibility of applying LCM and protein microarray technologies to assess acute lung injury induced by environmental air pollutants.
A high performance separator with improved thermal stability for Li-ion batteries (2013)

A thermally stable separator based on a poly(phenylene oxide)/SiO2 composite is prepared using a dry phase inversion method. The separator endures up to 250 °C without obvious thermal deformation. A LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2/graphite cell using the composite separator showed excellent cycling performance, especially at high C-rates.
A management model and prototype implementation for performance measurement infrastructures (2007)

In the last few years, some measurement infrastructures have been proposed as a form of efficiently evaluating the performance of computer networks. Despite the advantages of these infrastructures, their usage in large scale scenarios has been presenting critical problems, preventing their wider adoption. One of the reasons for this situation is the lack of management support for the monitoring devices located in different administrative domains. This work evaluates a group of measurement infrastructures to then present a management model for such infrastructures. The proposed model maintains the administrative independence of the present points in the infrastructure and allows the interaction among them in terms of specific functions of management. In order to validate the proposed model we developed a management system prototype, which is presented in this paper as well.
Sensitivity and Prognostic Value of Positron Emission Tomography with F-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose and Sensitivity of Immunoscintigraphy in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Treated with Anticarcinoembryonic Antigen-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy (2007)

These results demonstrate the value of FDG-PET/CT for staging of patients with progressive MTC, especially in the neck and mediastinum, with possible prognostication by SUV quantification. Post-RIT IS was the most sensitive of the imaging modalities studied prospectively.
Catastrophic Failure of a Cemented, Collarless, Polished, Tapered Cobalt-Chromium Femoral Stem Used with Impaction Bone-Grafting. A Report of Two Cases* (1999)

JAZRAWI, LAITH M. M.D.†; DELLA VALLE, CRAIG J. M.D.†; KUMMER, FREDERICK J. PH.D.†; ADLER, EDWARD M. M.D.†; DI CESARE, PAUL E. M.D.†, NEW YORK, N.Y. Author Information
Formation of quaternary centers via the Michael reaction; electronic compensation for steric congestion (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of quaternary centers via the Michael reaction; electronic compensation for steric congestionRobert A. Holton, Andrew D. Williams, and Robert M. KennedyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 26, 5480–5482Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00376a098https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00376a098research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views497Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 374: VEGFR2/KDR polymorphisms and gene copy gain with outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (2010)

Abstract Background. The VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is the predominant mediator of VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell function. Recently, VEGFR2/KDR copy number gain and mutation, and VEGF copy number gain, have been described in lung adenocarcinoma tumor specimens. To better characterize the molecular changes of these two genes in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), we investigated their abnormalities in NSCLC tumor tissue specimens and correlated with patients clinico-pathological characteristics. Methods. We extracted DNA from microdissected tissue obtained from 200 surgically resected NSCLCs. KDR single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 889G/A (rs2305948), SNP 1416A/T (rs1870377) and SNP −37A/G (rs2219471) were genotyped by PCR-based sequencing. KDR and VEGF copy number were examined by quantitative (q)-PCR. Protein expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2, and CD34 for microvascular density (MVD) analysis were studied by immunohistochemistry. SNP genotypes, genes copy number and protein expression were correlated with NSCLC clinico-pathological features, including overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results. KDR 1416 AT/TT genotypes had significantly improved OS (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.96, P = 0.035) compared with KDR 1416 AA in all NSCLC patients in the multivariate analysis with adjustment of histology and tumor stage. In lung adenocarcinomas, KDR 1416 AT/TT genotypes and KDR −37AG/GG were associated with a favorable OS (HR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.92, P = 0.029; HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.96, P = 0.039, respectively). Strikingly, KDR −37 AG/GG genotypes predicted a superior OS compared with KDR −37 AA genotype in the NSCLC patients treated with adjuvant therapy (HR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.66, P = 0.036). No genotype in KDR SNPs was associated with RFS in NSCLC patients. Gene copy gain of KDR and VEGF were detected respectively in 34/91 (37.4%) and 2/91 (2.2%) NSCLC tumors. Gene copy gain of KDR was associated with a poor overall survival in NSCLC patients (HR= 2.96, 95% CI 1.41 to 6.24, P = 0.004). Furthermore, tumors with gene copy gain of KDR showed significantly higher cytoplasmic (P = 0.013) and membrane (P = 0.009) VEGFR2 protein expression, lower cytoplasmic VEGF expression (P = 0.044), and higher MVD (P = 0.018) and larger vessel areas (P = 0.033) compared with tumors lacking KDR gene copy gain. Conclusion. Our findings suggest an association between KDR SNP genotypes and survival in NSCLC patients receiving adjuvant therapy. KDR copy number gain was frequently identified in NSCLC and was associated with worse survival in NSCLC patients. (Supported by grant US DoD W81XWH-07-1-0306). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 374.
A 243-mW 1.25–56-Gb/s Continuous Range PAM-4 42.5-dB IL ADC/DAC-Based Transceiver in 7-nm FinFET (2019)

This article presents a compact analog-to-digital converter (ADC)/digital-to-analog converter (DAC) digital signal processing (DSP)-based long reach (LR) transceiver in 7-nm FinFET technology that operates seamlessly from 3.5-56 Gb/s in pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) [from 1.25 to 28 Gb/s in non-return to zero (NRZ) mode] and consumes only 243 mW at 56 Gb/s. The receiver (RX) front end consists of a two-stage continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE), a 40-way time-interleaved (TI) successive approximation register (SAR)-ADC, a DSP equalizer containing a 17-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE) working concurrently with a one-tap speculative decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and a reflection canceling FFE, which implements four individually roaming taps. Clock recovery is achieved on a dedicated low latency path consisting of a five-tap FFE, slicer, time error detector (TED), and loop filter driving a dedicated LC-digital-controlled oscillator (DCO). The transmit section consists of a variety of pattern generators, a five-tap finite impulse response (FIR) section, and a terminated DAC as an analog transmitter. When working on a 42.5-dB-LR channel at 56 Gb/s PAM-4, the transceiver consumes 243 mW from the 0.9-V (analog) and 0.75-V (digital) supplies, corresponding to an efficiency of 4.3 pJ/b.
MEDIA ROUNDTABLE: Possible impacts of the US EPA Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on the biofuels industry (2008)

his Roundtable Discussion was held for members of the media to engage with industry experts and gain insight into the proposed (and, as this issue of Industrial Biotechnology went to press
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic N‐Fries Rearrangement of N‐Alkyl‐2‐iodo Anilides Induced by Iodine—Magnesium Exchange: Application for Synthesis of Strained 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted Indoles. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Replacement of the Conserved G.cntdot.U with a G-C Pair at the Cleavage Site of the Tetrahymena Ribozyme Decreases Binding, Reactivity, and Fidelity (1994)

There is a phylogenetically conserved G.U pair at the 5'-splice site of group I introns. When this is mutagenized to a G-C pair, splicing of these introns is greatly reduced. We have used a ribozyme derived from the Tetrahymena group I intron to compare the binding and reactivity of oligonucleotides that form either a G.U or a G-C pair at this position. Ribozyme binding of oligonucleotides at 42 degrees C was measured by native gel electrophoresis and equilibrium dialysis. Binding of GGCCCUCC (C(-1)P), which base-pairs with the ribozyme guide sequence to form a G-C at the cleavage site, was 10-fold weaker than the binding of GGCCCUCU (U(-1)P), which maintains the conserved G.U pair at the cleavage site. This is surprising since a terminal G-C enhances the binding between oligonucleotides by 20-fold relative to a terminal G.U. Thermal denaturation studies indicate that C(-1)P and several analogs with deoxy substitutions bind the guide-sequence oligonucleotide, GGAGGGAAA, as strongly as they bind the ribozyme. In contrast, U(-1)P binds 240-fold more strongly to the ribozyme than to GGAGGGAAA, a difference that is decreased by deoxy substitutions. Thus, while U(-1)P binds the ribozyme through a combination of base-pairing and specific 2-OH and other tertiary interactions, C(-1)P may bind by base-pairing alone. The substrate GGCCCUCCAAAAA (C(-1)S) is cleaved 100-fold more slowly than GGCCCUCUAAAAA (U(-1)S) and also has a higher propensity to be cleaved at the wrong nucleotide position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Novel management of vaginal chronic graft-versus-host disease causing haematometra and haematocolpos (2018)

Genital chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in women posthaematopoietic cell transplantation may cause vaginal mucosal sclerosis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) reactivation, also common post-transplantation, limits local immunosuppressive, but not oestrogen treatment. A 36-year-old nulliparous woman developed coincidental genital chronic GVHD and HPV 22 months after transplant for aplastic anaemia. Topical immunosuppression for GVHD led to an eruption of warts successfully treated with laser surgery and cone biopsy. She maintained normal ovarian function and used extended cycle combined hormonal contraception. A vaginal oestrogen ring used continuously limited most scarring for 8 years. Progressive apical vaginal scarring obstructed menstrual flow leading to haematocolpos and haematometra. Normal anatomy was restored with a cruciate incision in the cervicovaginal scar performed during menses. When HPV disease limits use of topical immunosuppression in women with vaginal GVHD, the local scar-reducing effect of a vaginal oestrogen ring is limited, and surgery may be needed and can be successful in treating haematocolpos.This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with trial registration number of NCT00003838.
Quantisation of limit cycles in a P representation of a dissipative driven anharmonic oscillator (1986)

The non-linear polarisability model of dispersive optical bistability with periodic driving field is shown to have non-trivial limit cycle solutions in phase space. The model is quantised rigorously in the positive P representation. For a particular (but typical) limit cycle, the associated steady state probability distribution is shown to be compatible with a bivariate Gaussian. The inverse widths of the Gaussian are calculated as functions of position in both phase space and time.
Silicon nitride waveguide enables self-referenced frequency comb from a semiconductor disk laser (2018)

We present silicon nitride waveguides optimized for low-energy supercontinuum generation, which allow for self-referenced carrier-envelope offset (CEO) frequency stabilization of an ultrafast gigahertz semiconductor disk laser without amplification.
Phthalamide lanthanide complexes for use as luminescent markers (2023)

The present invention provides luminescent lanthanide metal chelates comprising a metal ion of the lanthanide series and a complexing agent comprising at least one phthalamidyl moiety. Also provided are probes incorporating the phthalamidyl ligands of the invention and methods utilizing the ligands of the invention and probes comprising the ligands of the invention.
A theoretical and experimental comparison of different techniques for B1 mapping at very high fields (2012)

With the increasing use of ultrahigh-field MR with multiple transmit channels, mapping of the B₁(+) field has become a critical factor in many studies, leading to the publication of a large number of sequences for the measurement of the flip angle in recent years. In this article, the accuracy, precision and practicability of some of the most prominent of these techniques are investigated both theoretically, using error propagation computations and Monte-Carlo simulations, and experimentally for different settings. For an exemplary experiment, which is typical for high-field applications, the flip angle uncertainty is calculated and measured for two- and three-dimensional acquisitions for techniques based on both magnitude and phase data. Simulated and measured results show good agreement. An experimental assessment of T₁ and B₀ dependence yields weak variations with these parameters for only a few of the sequences. Measurements on human scanners show crucial influences of specific absorption rate limitations, especially at ultrahigh field.
Enabling Improved Performance though a Closed-Loop Adaptive System Driven by Real-Time Assessment of Cognitive State (2005)

This paper describes an evaluation of an adaptive system that significantly improved joint human-automation performance by “closing the loop ” via utilization of a real-time, directly-sensed measure of cognitive state of the human operator. It is expected that in a highly networked environment the sheer magnitude of communication traffic amid multiple tasks could overwhelm the individual soldier. Key cognitive bottlenecks constrain information flow and the performance of decision-making, especially under stress. The Honeywell team, sponsored by the DARPA Augmented Cognition Program, is focusing primarily on varieties of the Attention Bottleneck: tonic arousal required for vigilance and divided attention across multiple tasks. Breakdowns in attention lead to multiple problems: failure to notice an event in the environment, failure to distribute attention across a space, failure to switch attention to highest priority information, or failure to monitor events over a sustained period of time. The appropriate allocation of attention is important to U.S. Army’s Future Force Warrior (FFW) program because it directly affects two cornerstone technology thrusts within the FFW program: netted communications and collaborative situation awareness. Honeywell has developed a Closed Loop Integrated Prototype (CLIP) for application to FFW. The CLIP exploits real-time neurophysiological and physiological measurements of the human operator in order to create a cognitive state profile, which is used to trigger mitgation strategies to improve human-automation joint performance.