gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Soybean Genotypes Resistant to Cercospora sojina by Field Screening and Molecular Markers (2009)

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) of soybean, caused by Cercospora sojina, has been a problem in the southern United States for many years and has recently become a greater problem in the northern United States. Cultivars resistant to FLS have been developed for planting in the southern United States and resistance in many of these cultivars is conditioned by the Rcs3 gene. This gene conditions immunity to all known races and isolates of the pathogen. Resistance to C. sojina in soybean genotypes (cultivars and breeding lines) adapted to north-central U.S. production region is unknown. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify maturity group (MG) III, IV, and V soybean genotypes resistant to C. sojina race 11 by field screening at multiple locations over years and (ii) determine whether FLS resistance in these genotypes is likely to be conditioned by the Rcs3 gene. In total, 1,350 genotypes were evaluated for resistance to race 11 in field trials, and 13 MG III, 45 MG IV, and 15 MG V genotypes did not develop symptoms of FLS. Of these, 54 were subsequently tested for the possible presence of Rcs3 using five molecular markers located within 2 centimorgans (cM) of the gene. None of the MG III genotypes tested had the Rcs3 haplotype of cv. Davis, the source of Rcs3; six of the MG IV genotypes and seven of the MG V genotypes had the Rcs3 haplotype. This is the first report of the presence of the Rcs3 haplotype in LN 97-15076 and S99-2281. The soybean genotypes predicted to have the Rcs3 gene and other genotypes with no FLS symptoms in field trials may be useful in developing soybean cultivars with broad resistance to FLS and adapted to the northern United States.
Size-Dependent Energy Levels of InSb Quantum Dots Measured by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (2014)

The electronic structure of single InSb quantum dots (QDs) with diameters between 3 and 7 nm was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). In this size regime, InSb QDs show strong quantum confinement effects which lead to discrete energy levels on both valence and conduction band states. Decrease of the QD size increases the measured band gap and the spacing between energy levels. Multiplets of equally spaced resonance peaks are observed in the tunneling spectra. There, multiplets originate from degeneracy lifting induced by QD charging. The tunneling spectra of InSb QDs are qualitatively different from those observed in the STS of other III-V materials, for example, InAs QDs, with similar band gap energy. Theoretical calculations suggest the electron tunneling occurs through the states connected with L-valley of InSb QDs rather than through states of the Γ-valley. This observation calls for better understanding of the role of indirect valleys in strongly quantum-confined III-V nanomaterials.
Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Development of TASP0410457 (TASP457), a novel dihydroquinolinone derivative as a PET radioligand for central histamine H3 receptors (2016)

Analytical HPLC chromatogram of [11C]TASP0390136. (PDF 557 kb)
Electrochemical detection of zeptomolar miRNA using an RNA-triggered Cu2+ reduction method (2022)

The development of ultrasensitive, selective, simple, and rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection strategies has been crucial because of their use as probable biomarkers for diagnosing human diseases. We herein described a label- and wash-free electrochemical miRNA detection method with zeptomolar sensitivity, which relies on target miRNA-induced reduction of Cu2+ and consequential changes in electrochemical signals generated from the remaining Cu2+. Target miRNA was successfully identified with a detection limit of 33.2 zM based on this simple principle. The synergistic combination of miRNA recycling and Cu2+ reduction reactions contributed to this ultrasensitivity. Moreover, the developed electrochemical sensing method exhibited label- and wash-free detection of miRNA, showing potential applicability as a point-of-care testing system. Furthermore, the practical application of the designed technique was demonstrated by reliably detecting the target miRNA in the total RNA samples extracted from various cancer cell lines. We also believe that the conceived approach could be widely used to detect not only miRNAs but also diverse biomolecules by simply replacing the detection probe.
Enhanced neoepitope-specific immunity following neoadjuvant PD-L1 and TGF-β blockade in HPV-unrelated head and neck cancer (2022)

BACKGROUNDHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma not associated with HPV (HPV-unrelated HNSCC) is associated with a high rate of recurrence and poor survival.METHODSWe conducted a clinical trial in 14 patients with newly diagnosed HPV-unrelated HNSCC to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein that blocks programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and neutralizes TGF-β.RESULTSBintrafusp alfa was well tolerated, and no treatment-associated surgical delays or complications occurred. Objective pathologic responses (PRs) were observed, and 12 of the 14 (86%) patients were alive and disease free at 1 year. Alterations in Treg infiltration and spatial distribution relative to proliferating CD8+ T cells indicated a reversal of Treg immunosuppression in the primary tumor. Detection of neoepitope-specific tumor T cell responses, but not virus-specific responses, correlated with the development of a PR. Detection of neoepitope-specific responses and PRs in tumors was not correlated with genomic features or tumor antigenicity but was associated with reduced pretreatment myeloid cell tumor infiltration. These results indicate that dual PD-L1 and TGF-β blockade can safely enhance tumor antigen-specific immunity and highlight the feasibility of multimechanism neoadjuvant immunotherapy for patients with HPV-unrelated HNSCC.CONCLUSIONOur studies provide insight into the ability of neoadjuvant immunotherapy to induce polyclonal neoadjuvant-specific T cell responses in tumors and suggest that features of the tumor microenvironment, such as myeloid cell infiltration, may be a major determinant of enhanced antitumor immunity following such treatment.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT04247282.FUNDINGThis work was funded by the Center for Cancer Research, the NCI, and the Intramural Research Program of the NIDCD, NIH. Bintrafusp alfa was provided by the health care business of Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the NCI. Additional funding was provided by ImmunityBio through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the NIDCD.
Evaluation of a Ni-20Cr Alloy Processed by Multi-Axis Forging (2006)

This paper discusses the development of a novel processing route to produce ultra finegrain bulk alloy forgings; the microstructural response of these forgings to thermal exposure; and the comparison of mechanical properties to those from conventionally processed material. A Ni- 20Cr [wt%] alloy was processed by near-isothermal multi-axis forging to a grain size of approximately 1 μm. A heat-treatment study over the range 900 to 1200°C was conducted to determine the resultant grain size as a function of time and temperature. Tensile properties were measured at room temperature, 500°C, and 930°C. High-cycle fatigue properties were measured at room temperature. The room-temperature tensile strength was approximately 2.5 times greater than that of conventionally processed Ni-20Cr. Fatigue data showed that the room-temperature highcycle fatigue run-out stress was greater than 100% of the yield stress.
High power microwave impedance measurements system suitable for in-situ thermo-dielectric material characterisation (2002)

A novel family of six-port reflectometers, designed in hybrid stripline-waveguide technology, is proposed for high power applications. In principle, there is no limitation in the input power level and the design can be adapted for any waveguide frequency band. A prototype was designed for the operational frequency of 2.45 GHz and measurements were made at power level up to 200 W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assessment of in vivo laser ablation using MR elastography with an inertial driver (2013)

MRE was shown capable of measuring tissue stiffness changes due to in vivo laser ablation. If confirmed through additional studies, this technology may be useful in clinical tumor ablation to monitor the spatial extent of tissue coagulation.
Power electronics modules for inverter applications using flip-chip on flex-circuit technology (2004)

A power packaging platform that features flex-circuit interconnection of power dies and flip-chip soldering technology has incorporated several advanced features including active gate drive technology with adjustable dv/dt control, a self-boost charge pump for the high-side gate drive power supply, and isolated giant magnetoresistive (GMR) devices for current sensing and active Tj and /spl Delta/Tj. control. The packaging platform, previously demonstrated suitably for 42 V/16 A automotive applications, has been extended to 400 V/10 A inverter applications. Experimental test results demonstrate electrical performance measured under both double-pulse and 10% duty-ratio conditions. A comparison of the switching characteristics of IGBT test modules implemented with both Si and SiC free-wheeling diodes demonstrates the performance advantages that are possible with SiC power devices.
High Pressure Testing With Optical Diagnostics of a Hydrogen Retrofit Solution to Eliminate Carbon Emissions (2022)

Abstract Ensuring grid stability is becoming an increasingly large challenge as the amounts of power from new highly fluctuating sources like solar and wind are increasing. Fuel flexible gas turbines which can run on carbon free or low carbon fuels offer grid stability both on the basis of their inertia and the possibility to quickly ramp-up and down. A consortium led by Thomassen Energy is at work at realizing a cost-effective, ultra-low emissions (sub 9ppm NOx and CO) combustion system for gas turbines in the 1–300 MW output range. A key requirement is fuel flexibility and stable operation from 100% natural gas to 100% hydrogen and any mixture thereof. This paper describes the results of the second step in the testing cycle of the developed combustion technology. In this step the FlameSheet™ is validated at machine operating conditions. The tests are completed using a state-of-the-art test setup combined with novel optical analysis techniques. The results show that one of the developed hardware variants can run on a wide range of fuel compositions up to 100% hydrogen without flashback while emissions are below 9 ppm at 15% O2 dry conditions.
In vitro susceptibility of Nocardia spp. to a new fluoroquinolone, tosufloxacin (T-3262) (1989)

The in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, tosufloxacin (T-3262), against 111 pathogenic Nocardia strains was studied by an agar dilution method and compared with the activities of other fluoroquinolones. All strains were susceptible to tosufloxacin, and the drug was 2 to 20 times more active than four other quinolones tested. Nocardia farcinica was the Nocardia species most susceptible to tosufloxacin.
INTERPRETATION OF THE TANδ PEAK HEIGHT FOR PARTICLE-FILLED RUBBER AND POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES WITH RELEVANCE TO TIRE TREAD PERFORMANCE BALANCE (2018)

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to clarify the meaning of the peak height for the viscoelastic loss tangent (tanδ) in the glass transition region of particle-filled rubber, polymer nanocomposites, and polymer systems in general. Filler, oil, and curative loadings were systematically varied in a model styrene-butadiene rubber formulation with carbon black as the reinforcing filler. The dynamic mechanical responses of these compounds enabled a detailed study of the glass-to-rubber softening transition, which is known to play an important role with respect to the balance of traction, handling, and rolling resistance characteristics of tire treads. From the temperature-dependent viscoelastic results that were acquired at fixed frequency and small dynamic strain, it was demonstrated that a higher peak value for tanδ was correlated with a lower dynamic modulus in the rubbery state. Adjusting filler volume fraction was found to be an effective way of changing the rubbery modulus and hence the tanδ peak height. It was furthermore verified that such a correlation is a universal material-independent viscoelastic effect by mathematically producing a similar trend by varying the rubbery modulus parameter in the Havriliak–Negami viscoelastic model. This investigation also showed why glass transition temperature should be determined from the position of the loss modulus peak and not the tanδ peak. Cure behavior, tensile stress–strain properties, and extent of filler networking (Payne effect) for these rubber compounds will additionally be discussed.
A cognitive radio realization based on a Petri net approach (2010)

Reconflgurability of transceivers for wireless communication systems such as GSM, UMTS, WiMAX and WLAN will become increasingly important. Therefore, a flexible and reliable software and hardware architecture based on the software-defined radio (SDR) paradigm is a meaningful concept. SDRs have paved the way towards cognitive radios (CR), which are based on SDRs that additionally sense their environments, track changes, and react upon their findings. A CR is an autonomous unit in a communications environment that frequently exchanges information with the networks it is able to access as well as with other CRs. A tool is required for the description and design of the multitude of concurrent processing tasks running on the CR. Petri nets are both a simple and strong solution and are recommendable to deploy them for these demands. In this manuscript, the authors present a concept for a CR as well as the hardware demonstrator realization. This demonstrator was developed by the authors and makes use of a digital signal processor (DSP) in combination with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The authors will describe the solution also in view of the recent developments of IEEE 802.22.
A randomized phase 1 study of the safety and immunogenicity of 2 novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in healthy Japanese adults in the United States (2021)

Expanding serotype coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to target prevailing disease-causing serotypes could further reduce disease burden. To address this need, 2 different PCVs have been investigated: a 20-valent PCV (PCV20; includes the 13 serotypes in the 13-valent PCV [PCV13] plus 7 additional serotypes [8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, 33F]) and a complementary 7-valent PCV (cPCV7; contains only the 7 additional serotypes). This phase 1b, randomized, controlled, double-blind study evaluated PCV20 and cPCV7 safety and immunogenicity in healthy Japanese adults 18-49 years of age residing in the United States for ≤5 years. Participants (n = 104) were randomized equally to receive a single dose of PCV20, cPCV7, or PCV13. Immunogenicity was assessed at baseline and 1 month after vaccination using serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers and serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. Prompted local reactions and systemic events; adverse events (AEs); and serious AEs and newly diagnosed chronic disease were assessed 14 days, through 1 month, and upto 6 months following vaccination, respectively. OPA immune responses were robust for all 20 serotypes in the PCV20 group and for the 7 serotypes in the cPCV7 group 1 month after vaccination. IgG immune response showed similar trends. Injection site pain and muscle pain were the most common local reaction and systemic event; the majority were mild or moderate in severity. Few AEs and no severe AEs, serious AEs, or safety-related withdrawals were reported. Taken together, administration of PCV20 or cPCV7 in Japanese adults was well tolerated and induced robust serotype-specific functional immune responses. NCT03642847.
A rigorous study of wire-bonding and via-hole effects on GaAs field effect transistors (2002)

A new procedure is presented for evaluation of the wire-bonding and via-hole effects on a GaAs FET at microwave frequencies. The analysis not only provides a rigorous characterization of the passive elements, like bond-wires, via-holes and microstrips, on a GaAs FET but also includes their mutual coupling with the active region. For practical applications, the corresponding gate, source and drain inductances, which are the important extrinsic parameters of a CAD oriented equivalent circuit model, are extracted based on the calculated S-parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Magnetic Relaxation of Agglomerated and Immobilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia and Imaging Applications (2018)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used as therapeutic and diagnostic agents for local delivery of heat and image contrast enhancement in diseased tissue. Besides magnetization, the most important parameter that determines their performance for these applications is their magnetic relaxation, which can be affected when MNPs immobilize and agglomerate inside tissues. In this letter, we investigate different MNP agglomeration states for their magnetic relaxation properties under excitation in alternating fields and relate this to their heating efficiency and imaging properties. With focus on magnetic fluid hyperthermia, two different trends in MNP heating efficiency are measured: an increase by up to 23% for agglomerated MNP in suspension and a decrease by up to 28% for mixed states of agglomerated and immobilized MNP, which indicates that immobilization is the dominant effect. The same comparatively moderate effects are obtained for the signal amplitude in magnetic particle spectroscopy.
Accurate Characterization and Emulation of Active Bridge Magnetic Efficiencies with Novel Excitation Circuit (2019)

Significant research has sought to understand, predict and map passive device performance for high power converters. Magnetic component performance is paramount for proper operation, efficiency and power density requirements. This paper introduces a method to apply the complex, multilevel operational waveforms needed for exact magnetic component performance mapping while using traditional open secondary testing techniques and a simple configuration of WBG devices. This converter easily achieves the high voltages and currents at high bandwidth that are applicable to advanced power converters. The presented testing approach reduces mischaracterization errors by up to 400%. An example characterization case of magnetics for the three port active bridge is shown whereby the transformer design efficiency is measured over the entire converter operational space.
IgG1 and IgG2b share the Fc receptor on mouse macrophages. (1980)

Monoclonal IgG1 anti-SRBC has been used to study the binding of monomeric and aggregated IgG1 to Fc receptors on mouse macrophages. Aggregated IgG1 was found to bind to Fc receptors on two macrophage cell lines and on primary macrophages. It competes for binding with IgG2b and not IgG2a. Like the binding of IgG2b, the binding of IgG1 is unaltered at 4 degrees C and is insensitive to trypsin or cytochalasin B. Antigen-bound IgG1, like IgG2b and IgG2a, mediates phagocytosis. Variant macrophage cell lines selected for the loss of phagocytosis through the IgG2b receptor no longer phagocytize IgG1 bearing SRBC. Monomeric IgG1 did not bind to either macrophage lines or primary macrophages. We conclude from these experiments that antigen-activated IgG1 binds to the same receptor as IgG2b.
Erkennung von Chiralität durch ENDOR-Spektroskopie (1986)

1 als Modellverbindung für Naturstoffe, die an einem asymmetrischen C-Atom eine OH-Gruppe tragen, wurde mit PbO2 zum paramagnetischen Phenoxylradikal 2 oxidiert. Nach Zugabe eines chiralen Amins traten im ENDOR-Spektrum zwei Signale im Verhältnis 1:1 für das H-Atom am asymmetrischen C-Atom auf. Sie werden den beiden Enantiomeren (R)-2 und (S)-2 zugeordnet.
The effects of abomasal casein infusions in growing beef steers on portal and hepatic flux of pancreatic hormones and arterial concentrations of somatomedin-C. (1991)

The net release of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and their net uptake by the liver in response to 3-d abomasal infusions of casein were measured in seven multicatheterized beef steers. The steers were fed 4.3 kg DM/d of a high-concentrate diet in 12 equal meals (13.1 Mcal ME/d and 95 g N/d). In two separate experiments, the abomasal infusion of 300 g casein/d (300C) or 150 g casein/d (150C) was compared to a water infusion. Plasma flow was measured by indicator dilution and net flux by venoarterial concentration difference x plasma flow. Arterial plasma concentrations of insulin were increased (P less than .02) by either 300C or 150C. The 300C increased (P less than .03) PDV insulin release but did not affect hepatic uptake, resulting in an increased (P less than .03) total splanchnic (TSP) insulin flux. The 300C increased (P less than .05) plasma concentrations of glucagon as the result of decreased (P less than .06) hepatic extraction ratio and not as the result of increased portal release. The portal and hepatic flux of somatostatin measured as somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were highly variable and not affected by casein infusions. Arterial plasma concentrations of somatomedin-C were not responsive to abomasal casein infusions. The abomasal infusion of 300C resulted in increased plasma concentrations of insulin via increased PDV release and increased plasma glucagon via decreased hepatic extraction ratio.
Value of MR contrast media in image-guided body interventions (2012)

In the past few years, there have been multiple advances in magnetic resonance (MR) instrumentation, in vivo devices, real-time imaging sequences and interventional procedures with new therapies. More recently, interventionists have started to use minimally invasive image-guided procedures and local therapies, which reduce the pain from conventional surgery and increase drug effectiveness, respectively. Local therapy also reduces the systemic dose and eliminates the toxic side effects of some drugs to other organs. The success of MR-guided procedures depends on visualization of the targets in 3D and precise deployment of ablation catheters, local therapies and devices. MR contrast media provide a wealth of tissue contrast and allows 3D and 4D image acquisitions. After the development of fast imaging sequences, the clinical applications of MR contrast media have been substantially expanded to include pre- during- and post-interventions. Prior to intervention, MR contrast media have the potential to localize and delineate pathologic tissues of vital organs, such as the brain, heart, breast, kidney, prostate, liver and uterus. They also offer other options such as labeling therapeutic agents or cells. During intervention, these agents have the capability to map blood vessels and enhance the contrast between the endovascular guidewire/catheters/devices, blood and tissues as well as direct therapies to the target. Furthermore, labeling therapeutic agents or cells aids in visualizing their delivery sites and tracking their tissue distribution. After intervention, MR contrast media have been used for assessing the efficacy of ablation and therapies. It should be noted that most image-guided procedures are under preclinical research and development. It can be concluded that MR contrast media have great value in preclinical and some clinical interventional procedures. Future applications of MR contrast media in image-guided procedures depend on their safety, tolerability, tissue specificity and effectiveness in demonstrating success of the interventions and therapies.