gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Analysis of factors that affect outcome after transplantation of kidneys donated after cardiac death in the UK: a cohort study. (2011)

BACKGROUND: A third of all kidneys from deceased donors in the UK are donated after cardiac death, but concerns have been raised about the long-term outcome of such transplants. We aimed to establish these outcomes for kidneys donated after controlled cardiac death versus brain death, and to identify the factors that affect graft survival and function.METHODS: We used data from the UK transplant registry to select a cohort of deceased kidney donors and the corresponding transplant recipients (aged ≥18 years) for transplantations done between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2007. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to assess graft survival, and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with graft survival and with long-term renal function, which was measured from estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).FINDINGS: 9134 kidney transplants were done in 23 centres; 8289 kidneys were donated after brain death and 845 after controlled cardiac death. First-time recipients of kidneys from cardiac-death donors (n=739) or brain-death donors (n=6759) showed no difference in graft survival up to 5 years (hazard ratio 1·01, 95% CI 0·83 to 1·19, p=0·97), or in eGFR at 1-5 years after transplantation (at 12 months -0·36 mL/min per 1·73 m(2), 95% CI -2·00 to 1·27, p=0·66). For recipients of kidneys from cardiac-death donors, increasing age of donor and recipient, repeat transplantation, and cold ischaemic time of more than 12 h were associated with worse graft survival; grafts from cardiac-death donors that were poorly matched for HLA had an association with inferior outcome that was not significant, and delayed graft function and warm ischaemic time had no effect on outcome.INTERPRETATION: Kidneys from controlled cardiac-death donors provide good graft survival and function up to 5 years in first-time recipients, and are equivalent to kidneys from brain-death donors. Allocation policy for kidneys from cardiac-death donors should reduce cold ischaemic time, avoid large age mismatches between donors and recipients, and restrict use of kidneys poorly matched for HLA in young recipients.FUNDING: UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, and Cambridge National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre.Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. PMID: 20727576
A spatial disorientation detector device to enhance a pilot's telepresence about unknown environments (2002)

A pilot's misperception of an aircraft's attitude, position, or motion, called spatial disorientation (SD), is discussed. The ways in which SD is caused are discussed. A device called the spatial disorientation detector (SDD) is discussed. This device consists of a Kalman filter which is built on an analog computer, and it has an internal model which describes the human's perception of the attitude of the aircraft. This Kalman filter model is implicitly in error because it has an internal model which emulates the human's vestibular system (which is not a perfect motion sensing system). The output of the Kalman filter is the pilot's perception of the attitude of the aircraft (not the true attitude). If inertial gyro information can be integrated to yield the true attitude of the aircraft, the difference between the true attitude and the perceived attitude yields an error vector which can be used as an alarm indicator to the pilot
Energy efficient drive train for a high-performance battery chain saw (2011)

Up to today, small two-stroke gasoline engines are the major power source for professional outdoor power equipment such as hedge trimmers, chain saws, blowers, cut-off saws. For a while now, small consumer-like equipment with a battery-based power source is available. But only since 2010 professional grade cordless mobile power chain saws are available. Several break-through innovations in the drive train and safety circuits have been necessary to enable the use of an electric motor fed by battery energy for a premium grade high performance chain saw. This paper highlights the necessity for brush less direct drive technology and strict optimization of all components. Based on a complete system analysis, ways for enhancing energy efficiency are derived. A lithium ion smart battery pack is the basis for continous drain electric power supply for wood cutting. Besides superior performance and good handling characteristics, three items are most important for a professional product for craftsman, carpenters and wood workers: 1) very robust drive train and especially bearings and drive shaft rigidity 2) high motor torque at very low weight to enable the user to work also with the whole guide bar engaged in the woods 3) sufficient cooling of drive train and motor control electronics for continuous work also under elevated summer time temperatures The paper presents details to these factors and describes the technology approach.
DFT Investigation of the Tacticity Control during Styrene Polymerization Catalyzed by Single-Component Allyl ansa-Lanthanidocenes {(C5H4CMe2(9-C13H8)}Ln(C3H5) (2010)

Theoretical methods (DFT) were used to investigate the syndiospecificity of the styrene polymerization catalyzed by single-site, single-component allyl ansa-lanthanidocenes {(C5H4CMe2(9-C13H8)}Ln(C3H5). Two limiting chain-end stereocontrol mechanisms were studied, namely, frontside “migratory” insertion through a site epimerization and site stereoconfiguration independent backside insertion on a “stationary” polymer chain. Four consecutive insertions of styrene were computed to reveal that (i) backside insertions are more favorable than, or at least as favorable as, frontside insertions, and (ii) the formation of a syndiotactic polymer is controlled by the thermodynamics. Moreover, the odd (first and third) insertions are of 2,1-down-si-type and are kinetically favored over the 2,1-up-re-ones. This control is the conjunction of two effects: minimization of styrene−styrene and styrene(phenyl ring)−fluorenyl repulsions and (iii) the steric hindrance of the polymer chain induces for the fourth insertion an exocyclic coordination of the fluororenyl ligand that is compensated by the η6 coordination of one the phenyl ring of the growing chain.
Various applications of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters (2015)

Recently, blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters are being used as emitters, sensitizers for fluorescent emission and host materials for fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters. We demonstrate various high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes using blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpexted Stereoselectivity in the Weiss‐Cook Condensation of Dimethyl 1,3‐Acetonedicarboxylate with Pentane‐2,3‐dione. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of TE scattering from dielectric cylinders using a multifilament magnetic current model (1988)

A moment solution is presented for the problem of transverse electric (TE) scattering from homogeneous dielectric cylinders. The moment solution uses fictitious filamentary magnetic currents to simulate both the field scattered by the cylinder and the field inside the cylinder and in turn point-matches the continuity conditions for the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields across the cylinder surface. The procedure is simple to execute and is general in that cylinders of arbitrary shape and complex permittivity can be handled effectively. Metallic cylinders are treated as reduced cases of the general procedure. Results are given and compared with available analytic solutions, which demonstrate the very good performance of the procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comprehensive Chemical Characterization of the Aerosol Emissions of a Vaping Product Based on a New Technology (2020)

Around 10 million people in the United States and 3 million people in the United Kingdom are estimated to use vaping category products. There are some estimates that there will be 75-80 million vapers worldwide by 2020. Most of these products are based on coil-and-wick technology. Because the heating and aerosol formation are separate processes, the system can lead to dry-wicking and elevated emission of carbonyls if designed and/or manufactured poorly. Low-nicotine and low-power coil-and-wick devices have also been linked to increased exposure to formaldehyde due to compensatory behavior by users. We characterized the emissions of a vaping product which uses a fabric-free stainless-steel mesh distiller plate technology that heats and aerosolizes the e-liquid in a single process. The plate has a microporous structure for capillary-induced liquid transformation (wicking) and aerosolization that is optimized to avoid fluid starvation and overheating and improved control. Compared with emissions previously reported for a coil-and-wick nicotine vaping product (e-cigarette), most classes of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) from this vaping product were below the level of detection or quantification. For those that were quantifiable, this vaping product generally had lower levels of emissions than the e-cigarette, including carbonyls. Formaldehyde and methyl glyoxal levels did not differ significantly between vaping products. In this system, the single mode of liquid transfer and vapor formation permits high aerosol mass delivery but further reduces emissions of HPHCs that may be present in conventional e-cigarette aerosol, by lessening the risk of thermal breakdown of the aerosol-generating solvent mixture.
Myelin-associated glycoprotein, a cell adhesion molecule of oligodendrocytes, is phosphorylated in brain. (1988)

Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) has been implicated in the mediation of interactions between oligodendrocytes and neurons during the development of the myelin sheath. Here we show that MAG is phosphorylated in intact myelinating mouse brain primarily at serine residues and to a lesser extent at threonine and tyrosine residues. In vivo, only the larger of the two developmentally regulated MAG isoforms is phosphorylated. MAG can be phosphorylated at tyrosine by the v-fps and v-src protein-tyrosine kinases in vitro and by a kinase endogenous to myelin membrane preparations. MAG phosphorylated in myelin membranes in vitro also contains phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. These observations suggest that phosphorylation of MAG is physiologically significant in regulating oligodendrocyte-neuron interactions.
Abstract 9029: Fate Mapping of Monocytes Shows Rapid Turnover Kinetics in Acute Myocardial Infarction (2011)

While previous studies have addressed monocyte behavior in circulation, less is known about the kinetics of these cells once they enter inflamed tissue. It is commonly believed that monocytes are recruited shortly after ischemic injury, and remain in the infarct until inflammation resolves, although this assumption has not been tested experimentally. We therefore studied the turnover of monocytes in infarcted myocardium of mice after coronary ligation (MI). Methods and Results: Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected 24 and 12 hrs prior to analysis into mice with MI for pulse-chase experiments. Cell cycle analysis showed no proliferation of monocytes in the infarct tissue. Flow cytometry of cells retrieved 3 days after MI revealed that 43 ± 4 % of monocytes in the infarct had incorprated BrdU into their DNA, and hence were produced and recruited after the first BrdU pulse (i.e. within the last 24 hrs). Monocyte subset analysis revealed faster kinetics for inflammatory Ly-6C-high monocytes when compared to the non-inflammatory Ly-6C-low monocyte subset. To evaluate these rapid cell fluxes with a second, independent method, we transplanted infarcted hearts between isogenic mice with diverging CD45 leukocyte surface markers on day 3 after MI. Transplantations of non-infarcted hearts served as controls. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 6 hrs after transplantation 20 ± 1 % of the monocytes in the infarct were newly recruited from the transplant recipient mouse. This number increased to 40 ± 3 % at 12 hrs, and after 24 hrs the majority (60 ± 0.5%) of monocytes in the infarct derived from the recipient. These data were fitted using a mathematical model of monocyte dynamics (least-squares fit R2 &gt; 99%; N (t) = e-(t/20) ), which reported an average monocyte residence time of 20 hours. Conclusion: We observed surprisingly fast monocyte turn-over in acute infarcts with an average tissue residence time of 20 hours.
Feature Deformation Meta-Networks in Image Captioning of Novel Objects (2020)

This paper studies the task of image captioning with novel objects, which only exist in testing images. Intrinsically, this task can reflect the generalization ability of models in understanding and captioning the semantic meanings of visual concepts and objects unseen in training set, sharing the similarity to one/zero-shot learning. The critical difficulty thus comes from that no paired images and sentences of the novel objects can be used to help train the captioning model. Inspired by recent work (Chen et al. 2019b) that boosts one-shot learning by learning to generate various image deformations, we propose learning meta-networks for deforming features for novel object captioning. To this end, we introduce the feature deformation meta-networks (FDM-net), which is trained on source data, and learn to adapt to the novel object features detected by the auxiliary detection model. FDM-net includes two sub-nets: feature deformation, and scene graph sentence reconstruction, which produce the augmented image features and corresponding sentences, respectively. Thus, rather than directly deforming images, FDM-net can efficiently and dynamically enlarge the paired images and texts by learning to deform image features. Extensive experiments are conducted on the widely used novel object captioning dataset, and the results show the effectiveness of our FDM-net. Ablation study and qualitative visualization further give insights of our model.
StopWatch (2014)

This article presents StopWatch, a system that defends against timing-based side-channel attacks that arise from coresidency of victims and attackers in infrastructure-as-a-service clouds. StopWatch triplicates each cloud-resident guest virtual machine (VM) and places replicas so that the three replicas of a guest VM are coresident with nonoverlapping sets of (replicas of) other VMs. StopWatch uses the timing of I/O events at a VM’s replicas collectively to determine the timings observed by each one or by an external observer, so that observable timing behaviors are similarly likely in the absence of any other individual, coresident VMs. We detail the design and implementation of StopWatch in Xen, evaluate the factors that influence its performance, demonstrate its advantages relative to alternative defenses against timing side channels with commodity hardware, and address the problem of placing VM replicas in a cloud under the constraints of StopWatch so as to still enable adequate cloud utilization.
Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Dose-Escalation Study of RG7160 (GA201), the First Glycoengineered Monoclonal Antibody Against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (2011)

RG7160 had an acceptable safety profile with manageable AEs and demonstrated promising efficacy in this heavily pretreated patient cohort. On the basis of modeling of available PK parameters, the RG7160 dose selected for part two of this study is 1,400 mg on days 1 and 8 followed by 1,400 mg every 2 weeks.
Microwave treatment of vulcanized rubber (2023)

A process and resulting product is provided in which a vulcanized solid particulate, such as vulcanized crumb rubber, has select chemical bonds broken by microwave radiation. The direct application of microwaves in combination with uniform heating of the crumb rubber renders the treated crumb rubber more suitable for use in new rubber formulations. As a result, larger particle sizes and/or loading levels of the treated crumb rubber can be used in new rubber mixtures to produce recycled composite products with good properties.
Nanostructured solar cells based on semiconducting polymer nanospheres (SPNs) of M3EH-PPV and CN-Ether-PPV (2004)

Organic photovoltaic devices often show improved performances, if the active layer is made of a polymer blend. Due to the low miscibility of polymers the layer will phase separate and the lengthscale of the phase separation has a major influence on the device efficiency. We present a novel method to control the lengthscale of the phase separation, based on semiconducting polymer nanospheres (SPNs) forming the active layer. SPNs of M3EH-PPV (diameter 54nm) and CN-Ether-PPV (diameter 36nm) dispersed in water were produced by the miniemulsion process. Mono- and multilayers of these particles were fabricated by spincoating and photovoltaic devices utilizing these nanoparticles are shown to exhibit large external quantum efficiencies of up to 14%.
Abstract B17: Fsn0503: A novel cathepsin S-specific antibody that blocks tumor invasion and angiogenesis (2009)

Abstract Cathepsin S is a member of the papain family of cysteine proteases, which is normally localised in the lysosomes of antigen presenting cells. However cathepsin S has also been shown to be overexpressed and secreted in the tumor microenvironment of astrocytoma, breast, colorectal and prostate carcinomas. Upon secretion into the tumor microenvironment, it facilitates extracellular matrix remodelling, a process important for cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis. We have developed Fsn0503, a novel monoclonal antibody that targets and inhibits cathepsin S. We have demonstrated that Fsn0503 attenuates invasion of a range of invasive tumor cell lines, through inhibition of the hydrolysis of extracellular matrix components mediated by cathepsin S. Cathepsin S has also been implicated in promotion of endothelial cell movement during angiogenesis and in agreement with this we have shown that Fsn0503 significantly blocks HUVEC tube formation and rat aorta vessel outgrowth. Furthermore, these findings were replicated in vivo where administration of Fsn0503 impaired tumor growth and neovascularisaton in HCT116 xenografts. Our data indicates that Fsn0503 may yield significant clinical utility in the treatment of invasive and angiogenic tumors. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B17.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Aromatase Inhibitor 3‐Ethyl‐3‐(4‐pyridyl)piperidine‐2,6‐dione and Its Enantiomers. (1989)

Abstract The (R) isomer of the title compound (= pyridoglutethimide) shows greater potency than the racemate whereas the (S) isomer is found to be 20‐fold less active.
Structural basis of inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DprE1 by benzothiazinone inhibitors (2012)

Resistance against currently used antitubercular therapeutics increasingly undermines efforts to contain the worldwide tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. Recently, benzothiazinone (BTZ) inhibitors have shown nanomolar potency against both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant strains of the tubercle bacillus. However, their proposed mode of action is lacking structural evidence. We report here the crystal structure of the BTZ target, FAD-containing oxidoreductase Mycobacterium tuberculosis DprE1, which is essential for viability. Different crystal forms of ligand-free DprE1 reveal considerable levels of structural flexibility of two surface loops that seem to govern accessibility of the active site. Structures of complexes with the BTZ-derived nitroso derivative CT325 reveal the mode of inhibitor binding, which includes a covalent link to conserved Cys387, and reveal a trifluoromethyl group as a second key determinant of interaction with the enzyme. Surprisingly, we find that a noncovalent complex was formed between DprE1 and CT319, which is structurally identical to CT325 except for an inert nitro group replacing the reactive nitroso group. This demonstrates that binding of BTZ-class inhibitors to DprE1 is not strictly dependent on formation of the covalent link to Cys387. On the basis of the structural and activity data, we propose that the complex of DrpE1 bound to CT325 is a representative of the BTZ-target complex. These results mark a significant step forward in the characterization of a key TB drug target.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Opium Alkaloids. Part 28. Preparation of 6‐Demethoxy‐N‐formyl‐N‐northebaine and Its Diels‐Alder Reactions with Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Nitroethene; Novel 8‐Nitro‐Substituted 6α,14α‐Ethenoisomorphinans and 6β,14β‐Ethenomorphinans. (1989)

Abstract Diels‐Alder reaction of the title compound (IV) with methyl vinyl ketone (V) using microwave heating yields the expected ethenoisomorphinan (VI), while on Diels‐Alder reaction with nitroethene (VII) the novel 6α,14α‐ethenoisomorphinan (VIII) and 6β,14β‐ethenomorphinan (IX) are formed as main products.
Detoxification of biomass derived acetate via metabolic conversion to ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, or ethyl acetate (2023)

One aspect of the invention relates to a genetically modified thermophilic or mesophilic microorganism, wherein a first native gene is partially, substantially, or completely deleted, silenced, inactivated, or down-regulated, which first native gene encodes a first native enzyme involved in the metabolic production of an organic acid or a salt thereof, thereby increasing the native ability of said thermophilic or mesophilic microorganism to produce lactate or acetate as a fermentation product. In certain embodiments, the aforementioned microorganism further comprises a first non-native gene, which first non-native gene encodes a first non-native enzyme involved in the metabolic production of lactate or acetate. Another aspect of the invention relates to a process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to lactate or acetate, comprising contacting lignocellulosic biomass with a genetically modified thermophilic or mesophilic microorganism.