gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the ϒ(1S) production cross-section in pp collisions at s=7 TeV in ATLAS (2011)

A measurement of the cross-section for (1S) + -production in proton-proton collisions at centre of mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The cross-section is measured as a function of the (1S) transverse momentum in two bins of rapidity, |y (1S) | < 1.2 and 1.2 < |y (1S) | < 2.4. The measurement requires that both muons have transverse momentum p T > 4 GeV and pseudorapidity | | < 2.5 in order to reduce theoretical uncertainties on the acceptance, which depend on the poorly known polarisation. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 1.13 pb -1 , collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The cross-section measurement is compared to theoretical predictions: it agrees to within a factor of two with a prediction based on the NRQCD model including colour-singlet and colour-octet matrix elements as implemented in Pythia while it disagrees by up to a factor of ten with the next-to-leading order prediction based on the colour-singlet model.
Control of Oocyte Reawakening by Kit (2016)

In mammals, females are born with finite numbers of oocytes stockpiled as primordial follicles. Oocytes are "reawakened" via an ovarian-intrinsic process that initiates their growth. The forkhead transcription factor Foxo3 controls reawakening downstream of PI3K-AKT signaling. However, the identity of the presumptive upstream cell surface receptor controlling the PI3K-AKT-Foxo3 axis has been questioned. Here we show that the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit controls reawakening. Oocyte-specific expression of a novel constitutively-active KitD818V allele resulted in female sterility and ovarian failure due to global oocyte reawakening. To confirm this result, we engineered a novel loss-of-function allele, KitL. Kit inactivation within oocytes also led to premature ovarian failure, albeit via a contrasting phenotype. Despite normal initial complements of primordial follicles, oocytes remained dormant with arrested oocyte maturation. Foxo3 protein localization in the nucleus versus cytoplasm explained both mutant phenotypes. These genetic studies provide formal genetic proof that Kit controls oocyte reawakening, focusing future investigations into the causes of primary ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging.
High-frequency Properties of Sub-micron-sized Fe-Co Particles (2010)

We report the high-frequency properties of sub-micron-sized Fe-Co particles synthesized with a polyol process, and what influence hard magnetic and non-magnetic oxide layers had on those high-frequency properties. The Fe-Co particles exhibited a resonance peak in the range of a few gigahertz, and the resonance peak shifted to a higher region for decreasing particle size. Furthermore, the presence of a multi-resonance peak in the gigahertz range was recorded. The permeability of surface-oxidized particles decreased and the resonant frequency shifted to a higher region for increasing CoFe2O4 layer thickness on the surface of the particles. However, SiO2 coating did not influence the resonant frequency even though the permeability decreased due to the decrease in the volume fraction of FeCo particles in the sample.
Genome wide co-expression among the starch debranching enzyme genes AtISA1, AtISA2, and AtISA3 in Arabidopsis thaliana (2007)

Each of four starch debranching enzymes (DBE) is distinct and highly conserved across the plant kingdom; however, the specific functions of these proteins in carbohydrate metabolism are not well understood. DBEs function in both biosynthesis and degradation of starch, and two have been shown to function as multimers in various quarternary structures that can contain one or more DBE proteins, i.e. ISA1 homomultimers and ISA1/ISA2 heteromultimers. This study characterizes potential functional relationships between the three isoamylase-type DBE proteins (ISA) of Arabidopsis using a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and promoter fusion approach to determine tissue-, subcellular-, and temporal specificity of gene expression. The results reveal complementary sets of expression patterns, in particular that AtISA1 (known to be involved in starch biosynthesis) and AtISA2 (a non-catalytic polypeptide) are co-expressed in some conditions in the absence of AtISA3 (known to be involved in starch degradation), whereas in other conditions AtISA2 is co-expressed with AtISA3 in the absence of AtISA1 (AtISA2 and AtISA3, but not AtISA1, are co-expressed specially in root columella cells and leaf hydathodes). Thus, AtISA2 may function in starch degradation, in addition to its role in starch biosynthesis. AtISA3 and several other potential regulatory genes, starch metabolic genes, and transcription factors, are specifically induced during cold acclimation; these transcription factors are candidates for involvement of cold-induced changes in starch metabolism. Finally, bioinformatics analysis using MetaOmGraph (http://www.metnetdb.org/MetNet_MetaOmGraph.htm) identifies Arabidopsis genes of unknown function that might be involved in starch metabolism in the cold.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor(HGF) as a Potential Index of Severity of Hypertension. (1999)

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a mesenchyme-derived pleiotropic factor that regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis of various cells, and is thus considered a humoral mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. We previously identified HGF as a novel member of the family of endothelium-specific growth factors. Moreover, the presence of a local HGF system (HGF and its specific receptor, c-met) has been demonstrated in vascular cells both in vitro and in vivo. HGF might contribute to the protection and/or repair of vascular endothelial cells injured by high blood pressure. If so, serum HGF level might be elevated in response to endothelial cell damage. To test this hypothesis, we measured serum levels of HGF in hypertensive and normotensive patients. Serum HGF concentration in hypertensive patients without any complications was significantly higher than that in normal subjects. Interestingly, serum HGF concentration in hypertensive patients with complications was significantly higher than that in either hypertensive patients without complications or normotensive subjects. Of importance, hypertensive patients treated with antihypertensive drugs showed the same level of serum HGF concentration as normotensive subjects. In contrast, serum HGF concentration in diabetic patients without hypertension was significantly lower than that in normal subjects, whereas serum HGF concentration in diabetic patients with hypertension was significantly higher than that in normal subjects. Moreover, serum HGF concentration in diabetic patients with hypertensive complications was even higher than that in diabetics without complications. This review discusses the possibility that HGF may be considered as a new index of the severity of hypertension.
One-Pot Organocatalytic Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of γ-Amino Alcohol Derivatives (2003)

Corrected by: One-Pot Organocatalytic Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of γ-AminoAlcohol DerivativesSynlett 2007; 2007(13): 2146-2146DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-984919
Truncated FGFR2 is a clinically actionable oncogene in multiple cancers (2022)

Somatic hotspot mutations and structural amplifications and fusions that affect fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (encoded by FGFR2) occur in multiple types of cancer<sup>1</sup>. However, clinical responses to FGFR inhibitors have remained variable<sup>1-9</sup>, emphasizing the need to better understand which FGFR2 alterations are oncogenic and therapeutically targetable. Here we apply transposon-based screening<sup>10,11</sup> and tumour modelling in mice<sup>12,13</sup>, and find that the truncation of exon 18 (E18) of Fgfr2 is a potent driver mutation. Human oncogenomic datasets revealed a diverse set of FGFR2 alterations, including rearrangements, E1-E17 partial amplifications, and E18 nonsense and frameshift mutations, each causing the transcription of E18-truncated FGFR2 (FGFR2<sup>ΔE18</sup>). Functional in vitro and in vivo examination of a compendium of FGFR2<sup>ΔE18</sup> and full-length variants pinpointed FGFR2-E18 truncation as single-driver alteration in cancer. By contrast, the oncogenic competence of FGFR2 full-length amplifications depended on a distinct landscape of cooperating driver genes. This suggests that genomic alterations that generate stable FGFR2<sup>ΔE18</sup> variants are actionable therapeutic targets, which we confirmed in preclinical mouse and human tumour models, and in a clinical trial. We propose that cancers containing any FGFR2 variant with a truncated E18 should be considered for FGFR-targeted therapies.
Monitoring thoracic fluid content using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and Cole modeling (2017)

Abstract Heart failure is a chronic disease marked by frequent hospitalizations due to pulmonary fluid congestion. Monitoring the thoracic fluid status may favor the detection of fluid congestion in an early stage and enable targeted preventive measures. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been used in combination with the Cole model for monitoring body composition including fluid status. The model parameters reflect intracellular and extracellular fluid volume as well as cell sizes, types and interactions. Transthoracic BIS may be a suitable approach to monitoring variations in thoracic fluid content.
ChemInform Abstract: DELTA(1,4)‐BICYCLO(2,2,0)HEXEN (1971)

Abstract Die Thermolyse des Tosylhydrazons (I) liefert in einer mit flüssigem Stickstoff gekühlten Kühlfalle Produkte, die bei Zimmertemperatur das Cyclobutan (III) und das Produkt (IV) liefern.
Use of Long Gauge Length Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Improved Spatial Resolution of First Break Detection in Vertic (2018)

Summary The gauge length used in the distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) interrogator affects the spatial resolution of the recorded vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data. Conventional wisdom is to use a small enough gauge length to minimize its detrimental bandwidth effects but a large enough gauge length to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. However, this paper challenges this view by proposing to use unusually long gauge lengths and demonstrating that high spatial resolution of the first breaks is possible. When the gauge length is longer than the seismic wavelength of the source wavelet, the passage of the wavelet is recorded as two events: one marking the entry of the wavelet into the gauge region, and the other marking its exit from the gauge. Because the first wavelet is isolated from the second wavelet, the first arrivals are detected without ambiguity and with a spatial resolution that no longer depends on gauge length as long as it is sufficiently long to help prevent overlap of the entry and exit wavelet signals. Examples of this counter-intuitive result are demonstrated by simulation.
Comparing Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) and Voice Call Continuity (VCC) Architectures (2009)

As the concept of fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) is gaining popularity among operators and consumers, there is an increasing debate about the performance of the mobile-network-centric UMA architecture versus the IP-centric VCC architecture. While UMA-based FMC solutions are already launched for commercial use, VCC-based solutions are still in their trial stages. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of the two architectures based on the call handover (HO) delay and throughput, in order to answer the following question: is preferring UMA over VCC a business decision or a technical performance decision? We found that the two architectures do not significantly differ from one another in throughput when subject to different traffic and delay profiles. Moreover, the literature shows that, similar to UMA, VCC is capable of handling data-session continuity between different network domains. Thus, the choice between UMA and VCC is governed by non-technical factors such as network upgrade cost for different operator profiles. The mobile-network centric UMA is better suited for mobile operators whereas the IP-centric VCC is suited for mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) that do not own a licensed spectrum or a mobile core network.
A three-state model for describing the temperature variation of the scintillation properties of Cs2HfCl6 (2018)

The temperature dependence of the scintillation intensity of Cs2HfCl6 was measured and found to increase monotonically from 10 to 300 K, whereas no significant dependence on temperature was observed for the scintillation decay. A simple three-state model in which two excited levels are slightly different in their energies and have similar radiative rates was able to describe the experimental trends. The model is consistent with the experimental observation of two kinds of Vk centers and with theoretical predictions of two types of self-trapped excitons reported in the literature.
Epigenetic Modulation of the Biophysical Properties of Drug-Resistant Cell Lipids to Restore Drug Transport and Endocytic Functions (2012)

In our recent studies exploring the biophysical characteristics of resistant cell lipids, and the role they play in drug transport, we demonstrated the difference of drug-resistant breast cancer cells from drug-sensitive cells in lipid composition and biophysical properties, suggesting that cancer cells acquire a drug-resistant phenotype through the alteration of lipid synthesis to inhibit intracellular drug transport to protect from cytotoxic effect. In cancer cells, epigenetic changes (e.g., DNA hypermethylation) are essential to maintain this drug-resistant phenotype. Thus, altered lipid synthesis may be linked to epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance. We hypothesize that reversing DNA hypermethylation in resistant cells with an epigenetic drug could alter lipid synthesis, changing the cell membrane's biophysical properties to facilitate drug delivery to overcome drug resistance. Herein we show that treating drug-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR) with the epigenetic drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) significantly alters cell lipid composition and biophysical properties, causing the resistant cells to acquire biophysical characteristics similar to those of sensitive cell (MCF-7) lipids. Following decitabine treatment, resistant cells demonstrated increased sphingomyelinase activity, resulting in a decreased sphingomyelin level that influenced lipid domain structures, increased membrane fluidity, and reduced P-glycoprotein expression. Changes in the biophysical characteristics of resistant cell lipids facilitated doxorubicin transport and restored endocytic function for drug delivery with a lipid-encapsulated form of doxorubicin, enhancing the drug efficacy. In conclusion, we have established a new mechanism for efficacy of an epigenetic drug, mediated through changes in lipid composition and biophysical properties, in reversing cancer drug resistance.
Tutorial: Unix Document Formatting and Typesetting (1986)

Unix provides extensive document formatting facilities that have been and continue to be very successful. This article surveys and introduces the Unix document preparation facilities.
Myocarditis induced by targeted expression of the MCP-1 gene in murine cardiac muscle. (1998)

To explore the possible role of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in inflammatory diseases of the heart, we expressed the murine MCP-1(JE) gene under the control of the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter to attempt to target MCP-1 expression to the adult heart muscle. The five lines of transgenic mice thus produced showed targeted expression of MCP-1 transcripts and protein in the adult heart muscle and pulmonary vein but not in skeletal muscle. MCP-1 level in the transgenic hearts increased up to 30 to 45 days of age, and leukocyte infiltration into interstitium between cardiomyocytes increased up to 60 to 75 days. The infiltrate was mainly macrophages but not T cells. The presence of MCP-1 in the transgenic hearts did not induce cytokine production indicative of leukocyte activation. Echocardiographic analysis of 1-year-old mice that express MCP-1 in the myocardium and of age-matched controls revealed cardiac hypertrophy and dilation, increases in left ventricular (LV) mass, and systolic and diastolic left ventricular internal diameters. A significant decline in M-mode shortening fraction showed depressed contractile function. Transgenic hearts were 65% heavier, and histological analysis showed moderate myocarditis, edema, and some fibrosis. Thus, MCP-1 expression in the heart muscle may provide a model to investigate myocarditis and cardiomyopathy.
A Coordination Polymer of Vaska's Complex as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Reductive Formation of Enamines from Amides (2023)

Low-valent metal-organic frameworks (LVMOFs) and related materials have gained interest due to their potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis. However, of the few LVMOFs that have been reported, none have shown catalytic activity. Herein, a low-valent metal-organic material constructed from phosphine linkers and Ir<sup>I</sup> nodes is reported. This material is effectively a crystalline, insoluble analogue of Vaska's complex. As such, the material reversibly binds O<sub>2</sub> and catalyzes the reductive formation of enamines from amides.
Accoustic cleaning in nanoelectronics (2008)

The fabrication of state-of-the-art electronic integrated circuits involves multiple cleaning steps in which residues of the order of ten or a few tens of nm need to be removed with very high efficiency. Historically cleaning was obtained by chemical undercutting (order of a few nm). The dimensions of nanoelectronic devices become so small that the amount of substrate etching involved in a cleaning step should be kept below 0.05 nm. Therefore other cleaning mechanism, involving a mechanical force, have to be considered such as acoustic agitation of the cleaning liquid or high-velocity aerosol bombardment. These forces, however, can damage fine structures already fabricated on the substrate, particularly the “up-features.” This implies that a trade-off needs to be made between avoiding damage and obtaining an acceptable cleaning performance. This presentation includes typical hardware configurations and possible mechanisms for particle removal and use of megasonic agitation in nonaqueous liquid solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of (+)‐Pericosine B. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electronic transport in quasi-one-dimensional arrays of gold nanocrystals (2005)

We report on the fabrication and current-voltage (IV) characteristics of very narrow, striplike arrays of metal nanoparticles. The arrays were formed from gold nanocrystals self-assembled between in-plane electrodes. The local cross linking of the ligands by exposure to a focused electron beam and the subsequent removal of the unexposed regions produced arrays as narrow as four particles wide and sixty particles long, with a high degree of structural ordering. Remarkably, even for such quasi-one-dimensional strips, we found nonlinear, power-law IV characteristics similar to those of much wider two-dimensional (2D) arrays. However, in contrast to the robust behavior of the 2D arrays, the shape of the IV characteristics is much more sensitive to temperature changes and temperature cycling. Furthermore, at low temperatures we observed pronounced two-level current fluctuations indicative of discrete rearrangements in the current paths. We associate this behavior with the inherent high sensitivity of single-electron tunneling to the polarization caused by the quenched offset charges in the underlying substrate.
Supplementary Figure 6 from EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 Constitute a New Class of Potent and Highly Selective c-Met Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 55K, Effective reduction of c-Met phosphorylation by EMD 1214063 in KP-4 pancreatic carcinoma tumors. To assess the pharmacodynamic effect of EMD 1214063 on pancreatic carcinoma, KP-4 tumors were obtained ex vivo at the indicated time points after treatment with 5 mg/kg EMD 1214063, lysed, and subsequently analyzed for the levels of total c-Met and c-Met phosphorylation at the Y1234/Y1235 auto-phosphorylation site and at the Y1349 adaptor binding site by a Luminex-based assay. Phosphorylation of both Y1234/Y1235 and Y1349 sites were markedly reduced between 2-6 h after treatment, in the absence of any significant changes in the levels of total c-Met. Data are representative of two separate experiments.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure Legends from Toll-like Receptor Agonist Imiquimod Facilitates Antigen-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Accumulation in the Genital Tract Leading to Tumor Control through IFNγ (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 71K&lt;/p&gt;
Applications of NMR spectroscopy in understanding the gold biochemistry (2006)

Gold‐based drugs have been successfully used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. When administered, they undergo ligand exchange reactions in the body with biofluids, cells and proteins. NMR spectroscopy is a very useful technique for probing these ligand exchange reactions under physiological conditions. The strength of the binding ligands can be estimated by studying the chemical shift changes in 13 C and 31 P NMR. It is also a powerful method for investigating the kinetics and thermodynamics of the exchange reactions of gold drugs with biomolecules. The purpose of this review report is to highlight the importance of NMR spectroscopy in the study of gold biochemistry and to bridge the fairly large gap in the progress of this interesting area of bioinorganic chemistry.