gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blockade of CD40/CD40 Ligand Interactions Prevents Induction of Factor VIII Inhibitors in Hemophilic Mice but Does not Induce Lasting Immune Tolerance (2001)

Patients with severe hemophilia A frequently develop neutralizing anti-factor VIII antibodies after replacement therapy with factor VIII (FVIII). In a search for new strategies to induce immune tolerance against FVIII in these patients, we used a murine model of hemophilia A to investigate the importance of CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions for the initiation of the anti-FVIII immune response. We focused our attention in particular on the induction of neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies and the Th1/Th2 polarization of FVIII-specific T cells. The development of anti-FVIII antibodies was analyzed by ELISA systems (detection of total anti-FVIII antibodies) and Bethesda assays (determination of neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies). Factor VIII-specific T cells were characterized by multiparameter flow cytometry and cytokine ELISAs for the detection of cytokine production in splenic CD4+ T cells after in vitro restimulation with FVIII. Hemophilic mice received four doses of FVIII and anti-CD40L antibody MR1 (24 h before FVIII). Subsequently mice received four doses of FVIII only. The induction of neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies in hemophilic mice after treatment with human FVIII could be prevented completely by a blockade of CD40/CD40L interactions using MR1. Furthermore, FVIII-specific T-cell responses that included both Th1 and Th2 cells were suppressed when mice were treated with FVIII and MR1. The initial blockade of CD40/CD40L interactions was, however, not sufficient to induce a lasting immune tolerance against FVIII. The immune suppression was abolished and both neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies and FVIII-specific T cells developed when treatment with FVIII was continued after the omission of MR1. In addition, there were no alterations in the Th1/Th2 polarization induced by the initial blockade of CD40/CD40L interactions.
Innovative Pressure-Actuated Toe Sleeve Enables True Casing Pressure Integrity Test and Stage Fracturing While Improving Completion Economics in Unconventional Resources (2013)

Abstract During the past several years, the oil and gas industry has increased the development of unconventional resource plays which are expected to hold the future for energy development in many parts of the world. In order to maximize these new reservoirs, horizontal wellbores are typically drilled, and multiple hydraulic fractures must be created to provide enough stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) to produce the wells economically. A traditional plug and perforate completion methodology has been employed to perform multi-stage fracture treatments, gain wellbore access, and isolate fracture stages. This process contains inefficiencies that can significantly impact economics. When the plug and perforate method is used prior to running perforating guns and a frac plug to depth, a flow path must be created at the toe of the wellbore. Typically, this is achieved by using tubing-conveyed perforating guns (TCP) deployed on coiled tubing (CT) or by a wireline tractor pulling perforating guns deployed on electric wireline (E-line). Although necessary, this process is one of the major plug and perforate inefficiencies noted in the above completion method. While it does allow casing pressure testing (either government-mandated or part of the operator’s well construction "best practices") prior to fracturing operations, it significantly impacts economics. To address the inefficiencies, new technologies that seek to eliminate these problems, and thus, improve well economics are being developed. This paper explores an innovative pressure-actuated toe sleeve, which can eliminate running TCP on CT or perforating guns on E-line for initiating a flow path but still allows a casing pressure test to be run. Additionally, the pressure-actuated toe sleeve enables this casing test to be completed without having to exceed the casing test pressure to establish the flow path. The design, testing, and use of the toe sleeve will be discussed in the paper.
The role of germline AIP, MEN1, PRKAR1A, CDKN1B and CDKN2C mutations in causing pituitary adenomas in a large cohort of children, adolescents, and patients with genetic syndromes (2010)

The prevalence of germline mutations in MEN1, AIP, PRKAR1A, CDKN1B and CDKN2CI is unknown among pediatric patients with pituitary adenomas (PA). In this study, we screened children with PA for mutations in these genes; somatic GNAS mutations were also studied in a limited number of growth hormone (GH) or prolactin (PRL)-secreting PA. We studied 74 and 6 patients with either isolated Cushing disease (CD) or GH- or PRL-secreting PA, respectively. We also screened four pediatric patients with CD, and four with GH/PRL-secreting tumors who had some syndromic features. There was one AIP mutation (p.Lys103Arg) among 74 CD patients. Two MEN1 mutations that occurred in patients with recurrent or difficult-to-treat disease were found among patients with CD. There was one MEN1 and three AIP mutations (p.Gln307ProfsX104, p.Pro114fsX, p.Lys241X) among pediatric patients with isolated GH- or PRL-secreting PA and one additional MEN1 mutation in a patient with positive family history. There were no mutations in the PRKAR1A, CDKN1B, CDKN2C or GNAS genes. Thus, germline AIP or MEN1 gene mutations are frequent among pediatric patients with GH- or PRL-secreting PA but are significantly rarer in pediatric CD; PRKAR1A mutations are not present in PA outside of Carney complex.
A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Sensor Fusion System for Monitoring Transition Movements in Healthcare Applications (2018)

This paper presents a convolutional neural network-based sensor fusion system to monitor six transition movements as well as falls in healthcare applications by simultaneously using a depth camera and a wearable inertial sensor. Weighted depth motion map images and inertial signal images are fed as inputs into two convolutional neural networks running in parallel, one for each sensing modality. Detection and thus monitoring of the transition movements and falls are achieved by fusing the movement scores generated by the two convolutional neural networks. The results obtained for both subject-generic and subject-specific testing indicate the effectiveness of this sensor fusion system for monitoring these transition movements and falls.
Metallic coating enabled optical fiber sensor for distributed corrosion monitoring (2021)

It is important to monitor and locate internal corrosion along natural gas pipelines to prevent methane leaks and catastrophic failures. Corrosion proxy materials enable optical fiber sensors to provide insight into corrosive environments where the pipeline materials tend to corrode. A distributed optical fiber corrosion sensor was demonstrated using a metallic film-coated, single-mode optical fiber interrogated with an optical backscatter reflectometer (OBR), based on strain changes during metallic film dissolution. Electroless plating leads to inherent internal stress in the metallic coating and therefore induces strains on optical fibers. As the metallic film gets dissolved or corroded, the internal stress will be released and cause opposite changes in strain, which can be used for corrosion monitoring. The microstrains induced solely by electroless plating or metal dissolution were measured in situ and in real time using the OBR, and interferences from temperature changes and water-induced swelling were compensated through comparison between the treated section (sensitized and activated) and an untreated control section. High-pH Ni plating had a faster deposition rate with branching on the film and induced negative microstrains, whereas low-pH Ni plating had a slower deposition rate with smooth coating and induced negligible (near-zero) strains. Eletroless Fe plating with high pH didn’t cause significant microstrains. When exposed to corrosive HCl solutions, dissolution of high-pH Ni plated films induced positive microstrains, opposite to the Ni plating. The OBR allows for distributed monitoring of strain changes due to Ni dissolution, demonstrating the capability of identifying corrosion locations along the optical fiber.
The Oxidation of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes by Cytochrome P450 (1994)

Hexamethyl(Dewar benzene) (HMDB) was selected to probe the intermediacy of an alkene radical cation during cytochrome P450 (P450) catalyzed epoxidation. P450 catalyzed the allylic oxidation of HMDB exclusively; no rearranged products (indicative of a radical cation intermediate) nor epoxide was detected. In addition, P450 exclusively catalyzed the allylic oxidation of 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene (DMCH) and 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl-1,4- cyclohexadiene. The double bonds of HMDB and DMCH were readily epoxidized by (tetraphenylporphyrinato)iron-(III) chloride with minor production of allylic alcohols. The rates of alkene epoxidation by model systems tend to increase with increasing alkene substitution, but it is apparent that P450 has additional mechanistic options or constraints that depress the rate of epoxidation with increasing alkene substitution. The failure of P450 to epoxidize tetrasubstituted alkenes illustrates a failure of P450 model systems to truly mimic the chemistry of the P450 iron-oxo species.
<title>IMM algorithm based on a hybrid bootstrap filter</title> (2000)

In this paper we present a new method for multiple model filtering. This method is a combination of the IMM filter approach and the hybrid particle filter approach. The merging part of this IMM hybrid particle algorithm is able to deal with the model switching behavior, whereas the filtering part can deal with nonlinearities in the dynamics and measurements and possible non Gaussian noise within a certain mode.
Optical levitation of a non-spherical particle in a loosely focused Gaussian beam (2012)

The optical force on a non-spherical particle subjected to a loosely focused laser beam was calculated using the dynamic ray tracing method. Ellipsoidal particles with different aspect ratios, inclination angles, and positions were modeled, and the effects of these parameters on the optical force were examined. The vertical component of the optical force parallel to the laser beam axis decreased as the aspect ratio decreased, whereas the ellipsoid with a small aspect ratio and a large inclination angle experienced a large vertical optical force. The ellipsoids were pulled toward or repelled away from the laser beam axis, depending on the inclination angle, and they experienced a torque near the focal point. The behavior of the ellipsoids in a viscous fluid was examined by analyzing a dynamic simulation based on the penalty immersed boundary method. As the ellipsoids levitated along the direction of the laser beam propagation, they moved horizontally with rotation. Except for the ellipsoid with a small aspect ratio and a zero inclination angle near the focal point, the ellipsoids rotated until the major axis aligned with the laser beam axis.
Tachycardia induced myocardial dysfunction. A reversible phenomenon? (1985)

Four patients with myocardial dysfunction related to tachycardia underwent electrophysiological studies, which showed a re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia using an accessory atrioventricular connexion. Serial assessment of left ventricular function by echocardiography before and after control of the tachycardia indicated a variable degree of reversibility. Endomyocardial biopsy in two patients detected non-specific histological changes. Because of the possible role of ischaemia in this condition effective control of prolonged tachycardia is needed to prevent deterioration of myocardial function.
Onsite visualisation of measured information in mining engineering for advanced risk management (2013)

New sensors were developed for simultaneous monitoring and visualisation of risk conditions for mining applications to achieve an advanced safety management scheme using ‘colour of light’ as a key part of the technology. These sensors are designed and built based on the new monitoring concept called ‘Onsite Visualisation’ (OSV) and are capable of 1) sensing data and; 2) visually outputting the measurement results simultaneously by using Light Emitting Diodes (LED) for workers. This paper introduces OSV, and gives brief explanations of the light emitting devices developed so far. In Japan the OSV has been applied at nearly 40 locations where tunnels, slopes, bridges, open excavations etc. were monitored with light emitting sensors. The OSV was also applied successfully to improve safety management practices at Delhi and Bangalore Metro construction sites in India. The employment of the OSV enables real-time data processing and visualisation onsite, so that the state of deformation, strain, inclination, earth pressure, etc. can be grasped with no delay in time and is shown visually as the colour of light. The rational designed use of this method for mining could give us early warning signs, if any, and minimise risks not only during mining but also during the service time of all mining infrastructures. OSV, once embodied in the framework of safety management practices, could lead to a better understanding of potential risks and improved management of safety at both open and underground mining sites.
A novel μ-ESI source for coupling capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry: Sequence determination of tumor peptides at the attomole level (1998)

Membrane preconcentration transient isotachophoresis capillary electrophoresis (mPC-tITP-CE) was coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer (MS) through a porous glass joint ion electrospray ionization source (μ-ESI source). This novel CE/MS interface gave enhanced signal with less chemical background while proving to be both durable and easy to manufacture. The utility of the mPC-tITP-CE/μ-ESI/MS combination for providing a separation orthogonal to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection limits compatible with immunological samples was demonstrated using a melanoma tumor cell extract from the DM6 cell line. This system easily resolved the antigen peptide from other candidate peptides not differentiated after multiple dimensions of HPLC. Detection limits of <50 amol in full-scan MS and MS/MS modes were observed. This system was not concentration limited. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 10: 281–285, 1998
Lexical Chaining and Word-Sense-Disambiguation (2007)

Lexical chains algorithms attempt to find sequences of words in a document that are closely related semantically. Such chains have been argued to provide a good indication of the topics covered by the document without requiring a deeper analysis of the text, and have been proposed for many NLP tasks. Different underlying lexical semantic relations based on WordNet have been used for this task. Since links in WordNet connect synsets rather than words, open word-sense disambiguation becomes a necessary part of any chaining algorithm, even if the intended application is not disambiguation. Previous chaining algorithms have combined the tasks of disambiguation and chaining by choosing those word senses that maximize chain connectivity, a strategy which yields poor disambiguation accuracy in practice.\n\n&lt;p&gt;We present a novel probabilistic algorithm for finding lexical chains. Our algorithm explicitly balances the requirements of maximizing chain connectivity with the choice of probable word-senses. The algorithm achieves better disambiguation results than all previous ones, but under its optimal settings shifts this balance totally in favor of probable senses, essentially ignoring the chains. This model points to an inherent conflict between chaining and word-sensedisambiguation. By establishing an upper bound on the disambiguation potential of lexical chains, we show that chaining is theoretically highly unlikely to achieve accurate disambiguation.\n\n&lt;p&gt;Moreover, by defining a novel intrinsic evaluation criterion for lexical chains, we show that poor disambiguation accuracy also implies poor chain accuracy. Our results have crucial implications for chaining algorithms. At the very least, they show that disentangling disambiguation from chaining significantly improves chaining accuracy. The hardness of all-words disambiguation, however, implies that finding accurate lexical chains is harder than suggested by the literature.
Local Style Preservation in Improved GAN-Driven Synthetic Image Generation for Endoscopic Tool Segmentation (2021)

Accurate semantic image segmentation from medical imaging can enable intelligent vision-based assistance in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery. The human body and surgical procedures are highly dynamic. While machine-vision presents a promising approach, sufficiently large training image sets for robust performance are either costly or unavailable. This work examines three novel generative adversarial network (GAN) methods of providing usable synthetic tool images using only surgical background images and a few real tool images. The best of these three novel approaches generates realistic tool textures while preserving local background content by incorporating both a style preservation and a content loss component into the proposed multi-level loss function. The approach is quantitatively evaluated, and results suggest that the synthetically generated training tool images enhance UNet tool segmentation performance. More specifically, with a random set of 100 cadaver and live endoscopic images from the University of Washington Sinus Dataset, the UNet trained with synthetically generated images using the presented method resulted in 35.7% and 30.6% improvement over using purely real images in mean Dice coefficient and Intersection over Union scores, respectively. This study is promising towards the use of more widely available and routine screening endoscopy to preoperatively generate synthetic training tool images for intraoperative UNet tool segmentation.
New Generation of a Corrosion-Resistant, Stainless-Steel Fire Hydrant Refurbishment “No-Dig” Technology (2012)

Abstract Fire hydrants often appear operational from the outside; however, it is common that the internal mechanics have corroded enough to decrease performance to an inoperable order. The current fire hydrant design also allows for accidental/deliberate insertion of foreign matter which can lead to contamination of the surrounding area’s water supply. All agencies have a requirement to provide adequate corrosion protection and security for fire hydrants to remain operable. This paper describes a study undertaken by The Office of the Secretary of Defense Corrosion Prevention and Control Program to assess capability, cost, and safety advantages of retrofitting fire hydrants with stealth no-dig hydrant kits that will help prevent hydrant corrosion and contamination of water supplies. Study results showed that over 20% of existing hydrants were inoperable, and the calculated return on investment for the retrofit was 32.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Canonical Wnt Signaling Is Required for Pancreatic Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1437K, Supplemental Figure 6. Wnt signaling is inhibited by the OMP-18R5 therapeutic.&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental investigation on the internal resistance of Lithium iron phosphate battery cells during calendar ageing (2013)

Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly considered for a wide area of applications because of their superior characteristics in comparisons to other energy storage technologies. However, at present, Lithium-ion batteries are expensive storage devices and consequently their ageing behavior must be known in order to estimate their economic viability in different application. The ageing behavior of Lithium-ion batteries is described by the fade of their discharge capacity and by the decrease of their power capability. The capability of a Lithium-ion battery to deliver or to absorb a certain power is directly related to its internal resistance. This work aims to investigate the dependency of the internal resistance of lithium-ion batteries on the storage temperature and on the storage time. For this purpose, accelerated ageing calendar lifetime tests were carried out over a period of one year. Based on the obtained laboratory results, an empirical ageing model was developed; the model is able to predict with accurately the increase of the internal resistance of Lithium-ion batteries during calendar (storage) ageing. Based on the proposed ageing model, it was found out that the internal resistance of the studied Lithium-ion battery cell will double after approximately eleven years if stored at 25°C.
Mode of Action of Fluoride: Application of New Techniques and Test Methods to the Examination of the Mechanism of Action of Topical Fluoride (1994)

Modern techniques in dental research continue to assist in the study of the mode of (anticaries) action of topical fluorides. The Plaque Glycolysis and Regrowth Model (PGRM) facilitates the standardized assessments of antimicrobial effects on plaque following use of test formulations in vivo without complications arising from coincident mineral reactivity. In vivo plaque glycolysis testing demonstrates that topically applied fluoride, at conventional levels found in dentifrices, has only modest effects on the metabolic (acid-producing) activity of dental plaque. Any 'plaque' contribution to fluoride efficacy must come from more subtle effects on plaque acidogenicity than those measured in PGRM. The 19-FMAS NMR (Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) technique provides unambiguous measures of the reaction products of F-enamel interactions. Studies have revealed a new 'reaction product' of fluoride-enamel interactions--designated as Non-Specifically-Adsorbed Fluoride, NSAF. This species, along with FAP (fluoroapatite), FHAP (fluorohydroxyapatite), and CaF2 (calcium fluoride), contributes to the remineralization/demineralization benefits of fluoride. pH cycling and in situ denture chip studies permit quantitative assessments to be made of the relative benefits of fluoride in promoting remineralization and in inhibiting demineralization. Results from pH cycling/in situ experiments are strongly supportive of Koulourides' 'Acquired Acid Resistance' concept, describing fluoride's decay-preventive effects. The continued application of new analytical/physical techniques and testing regimens to the study of fluoride anticaries mechanisms may lead to the development of improved fluoride agents/treatment modalities for the prevention of dental caries.
Background (2009)

No AccessPlastics Manufacturing Systems EngineeringJun 2009BackgroundDavid O. KazmerDavid O. KazmerSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446430143.001SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2009Pages: 1-23Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42014-4eISBN: 978-3-446-43014-3 Copyright & Permissions© 2009 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...