gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling dynamic network evolution as a Pitman-Yor process (2019)

Dynamic interaction networks frequently arise in biology, communications technology and the social sciences, representing, for example, neuronal connectivity in the brain, internet connections between computers and human interactions within social networks. The evolution and strengthening of the links in such networks can be observed through sequences of connection events occurring between network nodes over time. In some of these applications, the identity and size of the network may be unknown a priori and may change over time. In this article, a model for the evolution of dynamic networks based on the Pitman-Yor process is proposed. This model explicitly admits power-laws in the number of connections on each edge, often present in real world networks, and, for careful choices of the parameters, power-laws for the degree distribution of the nodes. A novel empirical method for the estimation of the hyperparameters of the Pitman-Yor process is proposed, and some necessary corrections for uniform discrete base distributions are carefully addressed. The methodology is tested on synthetic data and in an anomaly detection study on the enterprise computer network of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and successfully detects connections from a red-team penetration test.
Large conductivity changes in ion beam irradiated organic thin films (1982)

Using 2-MeV Ar+ ion beam irradiation, we have generated conducting patterns in otherwise high resistivity, organic thin films of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), 1,4,5,8-napthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA), and Ni phthalocyanine (NiPc). The room-temperature resistivity of the films changes by 14 orders of magnitude from its as-deposited value of ρ≳1010 Ω cm to ρ≅5×10−4 Ω cm at ion doses of 1017 cm−2. The temperature (T) dependence of the resistivity follows ρ(T)∝exp[+(T0/T)1/2] over a wide range of dose and temperature. The characteristic temperature T0 is found to be a function of dose. The exp(T0/T)1/2 behavior of ρ(T) is consistent with charge transport due to hopping between isolated, conducting islands.
Establishment of Normal Reference Data of Analysis in the Fresh and Cryopreserved Canine Spermatozoa (2018)

The cryopreservation has been extensively applied in many cells including spermatozoa (semen) during past several decades. Especially, the canine spermatozoa cryopreservation has contributed on generation of progeny of rare/genetically valuable dog breeds, genome resource banking and transportation of male germplasm at a distant place. However, severe and irreversible damages to the spermatozoa during cryopreservation procedures such as the thermal shock (cold shock), formation of intracellular ice crystals, osmotic shock, stress of cryoprotectants and generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been addressed. According as a number of researches have been conducted to overcome these problems and to advance cryopreservation technique, several analytical methods have been employed to evaluate the quality of the fresh or cryopreserved canine spermatozoa in regards to the motility, morphology, integrity of membrane and DNA, mitochondrial activity, ROS generation, binding affinity to oocytes, in vitro fertilization potential and fertility potential by artificial insemination. Because the study designs with certain application of analytical methods are selective and varied depending on each experimental objective and laboratory condition, it is necessary to establish the normal reference data of the fresh or cryopreserved canine spermatozoa for each analytical method to monitor experimental procedure, to translate raw data and to discuss results. Here, we reviewed the recent articles to introduce various analytical methods for the canine spermatozoa as well as to establish the normal reference data for each analytical method in the fresh or cryopreserved canine spermatozoa, based on the results of the previous articles. We hope that this review contributes to the advancement of cryobiology in canine spermatozoa.
Development of Breath-Alcohol-Detection System (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The problem of high fatal accident rates due to drunk driving persists, and must be reduced. This paper reports on a prototype system mounted on a car mock-up and a prototype portable system that enables the checking of the drivers’ sobriety using a breath-alcohol sensor. The sensor unit consists of a water-vapor-sensor and three semiconductor gas sensors for ethanol, acetaldehyde, and hydrogen. One of the systems’ features is that they can detect water vapor from human-exhaled breath to prevent false detection with fake gases. Each gas concentration was calculated by applying an algorithm based on a differential evolution method. To quickly detect the water vapor in exhaled breath, we applied an AC voltage between the two electrodes of the breath-water-vapor sensor and used our alcohol-detection algorithm. The ethanol level was automatically calculated from the three gas sensors as soon as the water vapor was detected. Thus, the system mounted on a car mock-up could more easily measure breath-alcohol concentration immediately after starting of the measurements than conventional alcohol-detection systems, which require blowing through a mouthpiece. Experiments with drunk participants showed good agreement with the results from conventional alcohol-detection systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optical systems fabricated by printing-based assembly (2023)

Provided are optical devices and systems fabricated, at least in part, via printing-based assembly and integration of device components. In specific embodiments the present invention provides light emitting systems, light collecting systems, light sensing systems and photovoltaic systems comprising printable semiconductor elements, including large area, high performance macroelectronic devices. Optical systems of the present invention comprise semiconductor elements assembled, organized and/or integrated with other device components via printing techniques that exhibit performance characteristics and functionality comparable to single crystalline semiconductor based devices fabricated using conventional high temperature processing methods. Optical systems of the present invention have device geometries and configurations, such as form factors, component densities, and component positions, accessed by printing that provide a range of useful device functionalities. Optical systems of the present invention include devices and device arrays exhibiting a range of useful physical and mechanical properties including flexibility, shapeability, conformability and stretchablity.
Second-harmonic generation and the influence of flexoelectricity in the nematic phases of bent-core oxadiazoles (2016)

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the nematic phase of bent-core oxadiazole-based liquid crystals (LCs) was studied and compared to that for the rod-like compound 4-cyano-4ʹ-n-octylbiphenyl (8CB). Weak, isotropically scattered second-harmonic (SH) light was observed for all materials, consistent with SHG by nematic director fluctuations. The SH intensity produced by the bent-core materials was found to be up to ~ 3.4 times that of 8CB. We discuss this result in terms of the dependence of SH intensity on temperature, elastic constants and flexoelectric coefficients. We have calculated the latter by using a molecular field approach with atomistic modelling, thus demonstrating how molecular parameters contribute to the flexoelectric coefficients and illustrating the potential of this method for predicting the flexoelectric behaviour of bent-core LCs. We show that the increased SH signal in the bent-core compounds is partly due to their nematic phases being at a much higher temperature, and also potentially due to them having greater flexoelectric coefficients, up to ~1.5 times those of 8CB. These estimates are consistent with reports of increased flexoelectric coefficients in bent-core compounds in comparison to rod-like compounds.
Ex vivo evaluation of a novel surgical guide on the accuracy of closing wedge osteotomies (2019)

The clinical significance of the differences detected in this study is unclear and warrants in vivo investigation.
Multi-omic analysis unveils biological pathways in peripheral immune system associated to minimal hepatic encephalopathy appearance in cirrhotic patients (2021)

Patients with liver cirrhosis may develop minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) which affects their quality of life and life span. It has been proposed that a shift in peripheral inflammation triggers the appearance of MHE. However, the mechanisms involved in this immune system shift remain unknown. In this work we studied the broad molecular changes involved in the induction of MHE with the goal of identifying (1) altered genes and pathways in peripheral blood cells associated to the appearance of MHE, (2) serum metabolites and cytokines with modified levels in MHE patients and (3) MHE-regulated immune response processes related to changes in specific serum molecules. We adopted a multi-omic approach to profile the transcriptome, metabolome and a panel of cytokines of blood samples taken from cirrhotic patients with or without MHE. Transcriptomic analysis supports the hypothesis of alternations in the Th1/Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes cell populations as major drivers of MHE. Cluster analysis of serum molecules resulted in six groups of chemically similar compounds, suggesting that functional modules operate during the induction of MHE. Finally, the multi-omic integrative analysis suggested a relationship between cytokines CCL20, CX3CL1, CXCL13, IL-15, IL-22 and IL-6 with alteration in chemotaxis, as well as a link between long-chain unsaturated phospholipids and the increased fatty acid transport and prostaglandin production. We found altered immune pathways that may collectively contribute to the mild cognitive impairment phenotype in MHE. Our approach is able to combine extracellular and intracellular information, opening new insights to the understanding of the disease.
Efficient recovery of endothelial progenitors for clinical translation (2009)

Tillman, Brian W. MD, PhD; Aboushwareb, Tamer A. MD; Yazdani, Saami K. PhD; Geary, Randolph L. MD; Corriere, Matthew A. MD; Atala, Anthony MD, FACS; Yoo, James J. MD, PhD Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 3,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐oxazines and Their Use as Potential 1,3‐Amino Alcohol Synthons. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mechanism of the antimycin A-mediated enhancement oft-butylhydroperoxide-induced single-strand breakage in DNA (1997)

Inhibitors of complex III increased the DNA strand scission induced by t-butylhydroperoxide (tB-OOH) and cumene hydroperoxide but did not affect DNA damage induced by H2O2. The hypothesis that these effects are selectively linked to inhibition of the electron transport from cytochrome b to cytochrome c1 is validated by the following observations: (1) two complex III inhibitors, antimycin A and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, enhanced the tB-OOH-induced DNA cleavage over the same concentration range as that in which inhibition of oxygen consumption was observed; (2) the complex III inhibitor-mediated enhancement of tB-OOH-induced DNA damage was abolished by the complex I inhibitor rotenone or by glucose omission, and (3) the enhancing effects of antimycin A were not observed in respiration-deficient cells. The mechanism whereby the complex III inhibitors potentiate DNA cleavage promoted by tB-OOH was subsequently investigated with intact as well as permeabilized cells. H2O2, produced at the level of mitochondria via a Ca2+-dependent process, was found to account for the enhancing effects of antimycin A.
1.5 octave dispersive dielectric multilayers for pulse compression (2008)

We demonstrate numerically and experimentally two types of dispersive mirrors with the controlled reflectivity and dispersion in a 1.5-octave bandwidth in wavelength ranges of 300-900 nm and 400-1200 nm. The measurement of the dispersion in a wavelength range of 300-1200 nm was performed. These types of dispersive mirrors allow one to correct the phases of the corresponding spectra, supporting sub-2-fs and sub-3-fs pulses, respectively.
Methanomicrobium antiquum sp. nov., a hydrogenotrophic methanogen isolated from deep sedimentary aquifers in a natural gas field (2016)

A mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic methanogen, designated strain MobHT, was isolated from sediments derived from deep sedimentary, natural-gas-bearing aquifers in Japan. Strain MobHT utilized H2/CO2 or formate, but not ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol or cyclopentanol, for growth and methane production. In addition, acetate and tungsten were required for growth. Yeast extract stimulated the growth, but was not required. The cells were weakly motile with multiple flagella, presented as a curved-rod-shaped (0.8×2.0 µm) and occurred singly or in pairs. Strain MobHT grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 35 °C) and at pH 5.9-7.9 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5). The sodium chloride range for growth was 0-5.8 % (optimum 2 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.6 mol%. In the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain MobHT clustered together with Methanomicrobium mobile (95.4 % in sequence similarity), and formed a distinct clade from Methanolacinia petrolearia SEBR 4847T (95.6 %) and Methanolacinia paynteri G-2000T (95.4 %). The two species of the genus Methanolacinia utilized 2-propanol, whereas strain MobHT and Methanomicrobium mobile, the sole species of the genus Methanomicrobium, do not. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic features, we propose a novel species for the isolate with the name, Methanomicrobiumantiquum sp. nov. The type strain is MobHT (=DSM 21220T=NBRC 104160T).
Characterization of the Change in Type I and II Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptors of Bovine Mammary Tissue during the Pre- and Postpartum Periods* (1990)

Type I and II receptors for the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) were characterized in microsomes from bovine mammary tissue. Specific binding of [125I]IGF-I increased linearly with increasing microsomal protein concentrations. In contrast, IGF-II binding showed a curvilinear relationship over the concentration range tested, with a maximum at 120 micrograms/ml. Kinetic studies conducted at 4 C showed the binding reactions to be reversible. Competition studies showed recombinant human IGF-I (rh-IGF-I) to be 8-, 18-, and 1000-fold more potent at inhibiting [125I]rh-IGF-I binding than recombinant bovine IGF-II (rb-IGF-II), multiplication-stimulating activity, and insulin, respectively. rbIGF-II was 1.8- and 6-fold more potent at inhibiting [125I]rbIGF-II binding than rhIGF-II and multiplication-stimulating activity. Specific binding of [125I]IGF-I and -II was measured in microsomes prepared from cows (n = 47) ranging from 138 days prepartum to 411 days postpartum. IGF-I binding declined during the prepartum period, increased 75% with the onset of lactation, and then declined during the postpartum period. Scatchard analysis showed the presence of a single class of high affinity binding sites for both ligands, with type II receptors being about 10-fold more prevalent than type I receptors. The survey and Scatchard data support the conclusion that the onset of lactation coincides with an increase in the number of type I receptors present in mammary tissue. This increase supports the contention that IGF-I may play an important role in modulating the metabolic activity of the bovine mammary gland.
Inhibition of ice nucleation by slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) (2012)

Ice repellent coatings have been studied and keenly sought after for many years, where any advances in the durability of such coatings will result in huge energy savings across many fields. Progress in creating anti-ice and anti-frost surfaces has been particularly rapid since the discovery and development of slippery, liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). Here we use SLIPS-coated differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) pans to investigate the effects of the surface modification on the nucleation of supercooled water. This investigation is inherently different from previous studies which looked at the adhesion of ice to SLIPS surfaces, or the formation of ice under high humidity conditions. Given the stochastic nature of nucleation of ice from supercooled water, multiple runs on the same sample are needed to determine if a given surface coating has a real and statistically significant effect on the nucleation temperature. We have cycled supercooling to freezing and then thawing of deionized water in hydrophilic (untreated aluminum), hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, and SLIPS-treated DSC pans multiple times to determine the effects of surface treatment on the nucleation and subsequent growth of ice. We find that SLIPS coatings lower the nucleation temperature of supercooled water in contact with statistical significance and show no deterioration or change in the coating performance even after 150 freeze-thaw cycles.
Nanotube−Vesicle Networks with Functionalized Membranes and Interiors (2002)

We describe nanotube-vesicle networks with reconstituted membrane protein from cells and with interior activity defined by an injection of microparticles or molecular probes. The functionality of a membrane protein after reconstitution was verified by single-channel ion conductance measurements in excised inside-out patches from the vesicle membranes. The distribution of protein, determined by fluorescence detection, in the network membrane was homogeneous and could diffuse via a nanotube connecting two vesicles. We also show how injecting small unilamellar protein-containing vesicles can differentiate the contents of individual containers in a network. The combination of membrane activity and interior activity was demonstrated by ionophore-assisted accumulation, and internal Calcium Green-mediated detection, of Ca2+ within a single network container. This system can model a variety of biological functions and complex biological multicompartment structures and might serve as a platform for constructing complex sensor and computational devices.
The Use of Pseudo Pressure in Authenticating Smartphone Users (2014)

In this article, we present a new user authentication technique for touchscreen-based smartphone users that augments pseudo touch pressure as an extra security measure to the conventional digit-lock technique. The new technique enhances security by offering more unique password combinations than the
Immunogenic Cell Death Inducing Fluorinated Mitochondria‐Disrupting Helical Polypeptide Synergizes with PD‐L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade (2021)

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is distinguished by the release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This cell death has been studied in the field of cancer immunotherapy due to the ability of ICD to induce antitumor immunity. Herein, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated ICD inducing fluorinated mitochondria-disrupting helical polypeptides (MDHPs) are reported. The fluorination of the polypeptide provides a high helical structure and potent anticancer ability. This helical polypeptide destabilizes the mitochondrial outer membrane, leading to the overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. In addition, this oxidative stress triggers ER stress-mediated ICD. The in vivo results show that cotreatment of fluorinated MDHP and antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 antibodies (<i>α</i>PD-L1) significantly regresses tumor growth and prevents metastasis to the lungs by activating the cytotoxic T cell response and alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These results indicate that fluorinated MDHP synergizes with the immune checkpoint blockade therapy to eliminate established tumors and to elicit antitumor immune responses.
Further Developments of Applicator Concepts for Detection of Body Part Inhomogeneities (2019)

We present significant improvements on in particular our transmitting applicator and its performance. This is a crucial component of our system for direct detection of internal inhomogeneities such as breast tumors and brain hemorrhages by a special transmitting applicator and specially polarized receiving applicators. The operating frequency is about 1 GHz. The transmitting applicator is unique by no need to contact the object under study (OUS) and does not generate any surface waves at it. The primary field has properties behaving as from a magnetic monopole. The overall system allows direct detection without a need for phase measurements, which provides the possibility of using a simple microwave generator and simple rectification and position registration of the received signals. The receiving 3D contacting applicator contains a high-permittivity ceramic and is resonant in order to provide the desired field polarization sensitivity. The desired system properties are achieved by optimized use of the orthogonality properties of the primary magnetic, induced electric, and diffracted electric fields.
Face‐ and Regioselectivity in Electrophilic Phenylsulfenylation of 7‐tert‐Butoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hepta‐2,5‐dienes (2014)

ABSTRACT Electrophilic phenylsulfenylation of syn ‐7‐ tert ‐butoxy‐2‐phenylsulfonyl‐ bicyclo[2.2.1] hepta‐2,5‐diene with phenylsulfenyl chloride yielded a mixture of three simple adducts, two of which were derived by the endo face attack of the phenylsulfenyl cation. In the analogous reaction with the anti derivative, only one adduct with the exo phenylsulfanyl group at the nearer carbon was obtained. This product was derived by the attack of the phenylsulfenyl cation from the exo face followed by the endo attack of a chloride anion at the carbon opposite to the phenylsulfonyl group. The similar reaction of 7‐ tert ‐butoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hepta‐2,5‐diene itself underwent no Wager–Meerwein‐type rearrangement or transannular reaction, and simple adducts were formed in good combined yield. The combined yield of the products reacted at the syn double bond was ca. 80%.
Molecular shape as a means to control the incidence of the nanostructured twist bend phase (2018)

Liquid crystalline phases with a spontaneous twist-bend modulation are most commonly observed for dimers and bimesogens with nonamethylene spacers. In order to redress this balance we devised a simple chemical intermediate that can be used to prepare unsymmetrical bimesogens; as a proof of concept we prepared and studied eleven novel materials with all found to exhibit the twist-bend phase and exhibit a linear relationship between TN-I and TTB-N. A computational study of the conformational landscape reveals the octamethyleneoxy spacer to have a broader distribution of bend-angles than the nonamethylene equivalent, leading to reductions in the thermal stability of the TB phase. This result indicates that a tight distribution of bend-angles should stabilise the TB phase and lead to direct TB-Iso phase transitions, and conversely a broader distribution should destabilise the TB phase which may allow new states of matter that are occluded by the incidence of this phase to be revealed.