gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum self-organized criticality and nonequilibrium light localization (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Self-organized criticality emerges in dynamical complex systems driven out of equilibrium, and characterizes a wide range of classical phenomena in physics, geology and biology. However, for decades now, it remains a fundamental open question whether this broad property also finds a place in the quantum regime. In the talk, we shall present the first example of quantum self-organized criticality, emerging from quantum fluctuations and controlled by quantum coherence. We shall introduce a many-body quantum-coherently driven nanophotonic system where heavy photons interact in the presence of active nonlinearities. In this system, we shall show how quantum self-organized criticality emerges in an inherently new type of light localization, arising from two first-order phase transitions and being robust to dissipation, fluctuations and many-body interactions. The observed localization exhibits emergence of scale-invariant power laws and absence of finely-tuned control parameters. In analogy with the regime of quantum criticality at Tc = 0 in equilibrium static systems, we find that for our nonequilibrium dynamical system there exists a range of parameters for which the effective critical ‘temperature’ drops to zero, at which point we enter a fundamentally new regime of phase transitions – the quantum self-organized critical regime. We shall also approach the problem from a thermodynamic and information-theory perspective, deriving the multidimensional-state-vector Fokker-Planck (FP) equation for the distribution function of our problem, applying the maximum information entropy principle to make unbiased estimates on the probability distribution of microscopic states of our active nanosystem, and finally determining and analyzing the information gain and efficiency of the complex nanosystem close to its critical points.
KATPchannels process nucleotide signals in muscle thermogenic response (2010)

Uniquely gated by intracellular adenine nucleotides, sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels have been typically assigned to protective cellular responses under severe energy insults. More recently, K(ATP) channels have been instituted in the continuous control of muscle energy expenditure under non-stressed, physiological states. These advances raised the question of how K(ATP) channels can process trends in cellular energetics within a milieu where each metabolic system is set to buffer nucleotide pools. Unveiling the mechanistic basis of the K(ATP) channel-driven thermogenic response in muscles thus invites the concepts of intracellular compartmentalization of energy and proteins, along with nucleotide signaling over diffusion barriers. Furthermore, it requires gaining insight into the properties of reversibility of intrinsic ATPase activity associated with K(ATP) channel complexes. Notwithstanding the operational paradigm, the homeostatic role of sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels can be now broadened to a wider range of environmental cues affecting metabolic well-being. In this way, under conditions of energy deficit such as ischemic insult or adrenergic stress, the operation of K(ATP) channel complexes would result in protective energy saving, safeguarding muscle performance and integrity. Under energy surplus, downregulation of K(ATP) channel function may find potential implications in conditions of energy imbalance linked to obesity, cold intolerance and associated metabolic disorders.
A Multifunctional Microfluidic Platform for High‐Throughput Experimentation of Electroorganic Chemistry (2020)

Abstract Electroorganic synthesis is a promising tool to design sustainable transformations and discover new reactivities. However, the added setup complexity caused by electrodes in the system impedes efficient screening of reaction conditions. Herein, we present a microfluidic platform that enables automated high‐throughput experimentation (HTE) for electroorganic synthesis at a 15‐microliter scale. Two HTE modules are demonstrated: 1) the rapid electrochemical reaction condition screening for a radical–radical cross‐coupling reaction on micro‐fabricated interdigitated electrodes, and 2) measurements of kinetics for mediated anodic oxidations using the microliter‐scale cyclic voltammetry. The presented modular approach could be deployed for a range of other electroorganic chemistry applications beyond the demonstrated functionalities.
Reduction of mixed oxide spinels: nickel ferrite and alumina doped nickel ferrite (1976)

The efficacy of an outer surface protein A (OspA) vaccine in three different formulations was investigated in the rhesus monkey. The challenge infection was administered using Ixodes scapularis ticks that were infected with the B31 strain of Borrelia burgdorferi. Protection was assessed against both infection and disease, by a variety of procedures. Some of the animals were radically immune suppressed, as an attempt to reveal any putative low level infection in the vaccinated animals. The significant difference found between the spirochaetal infection rates of ticks that had fed on vaccinated vs. control monkeys, lack of seroconversion in the vaccinated animals, and the absence of spirochaetal DNA in the skin of vaccinated animals in the weeks following the challenge, indicate that vaccinated monkeys were protected against tick challenge. The post-mortem immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction analyses, however, suggest that these monkeys may have undergone a low-level infection that was transient.
<title>Nondestructive analysis of the transverse structure of novel optical fibers by third harmonic generation microscopy</title> (2002)

International audience
Spectrally resolved energy transfer using quantum dot donors: Ensemble and single-molecule photoluminescence studies (2006)

The photoluminescence spectrum of a quasimonodisperse semiconductor quantum dot (QD) population is composed of a continuum of extremely narrow single QD spectra. This is due to inhomogeneities in nanocrystal size within a population and the color-size dependency imposed by effects of carrier quantum confinements. We take advantage of this population heterogeneity to gain a unique insight into the fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) process between a QD donor and proximal dye-labeled protein acceptors. Our steady-state, time-resolved ensemble and single-QD studies demonstrate that the spectral dependency of the energy transfer rate matches the acceptor absorption spectrum as predicted by F\"orster formalism. This allows ratiometric FRET measurements based on the QD donor emission.
The cytotoxicity of anti-CD22 immunotoxin is enhanced by bryostatin 1 in B-cell lymphomas through CD22 upregulation and PKC- II depletion (2011)

Our data suggest that the combination of bryostatin 1 with antibodies directed against CD22 is a potent drug combination for the treatment of low- and high-grade B-cell lymphoma.
Non-transcriptional Priming and Deubiquitination Regulate NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation (2012)

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key component of the innate immune response to pathogenic infection and tissue damage. It is also involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including gouty arthritis, silicosis, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. The assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome requires a priming signal derived from pattern recognition or cytokine receptors, followed by a second signal derived from extracellular ATP, pore-forming toxins, or crystalline materials. How these two signals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome is not yet clear. Here, we show that in mouse macrophages, signaling by the pattern recognition receptor TLR4 through MyD88 can rapidly and non-transcriptionally prime NLRP3 by stimulating its deubiquitination. This process is dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and can be inhibited by antioxidants. We further show that signaling by ATP can also induce deubiquitination of NLRP3 by a mechanism that is not sensitive to antioxidants. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 deubiquitination completely blocked NLRP3 activation in both mouse and human cells, indicating that deubiquitination of NLRP3 is required for its activation. Our findings suggest that NLRP3 is activated by a two-step deubiquitination mechanism initiated by Toll-like receptor signaling and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and further potentiated by ATP, which could explain how NLRP3 is activated by diverse danger signals.
Programmed Transfer of Sequence Information into a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Hexakis(2,2′-bithien-5-yl) DNA Analogue Formation toward Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphism Detection (2017)

A new strategy of simple, inexpensive, rapid, and label-free single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) detection using robust chemosensors with piezomicrogravimetric, surface plasmon resonance, or capacitive impedimetry (CI) signal transduction is reported. Using these chemosensors, selective detection of a genetically relevant oligonucleotide under FIA conditions within 2 min is accomplished. An invulnerable-to-nonspecific interaction molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with electrochemically synthesized probes of hexameric 2,2'-bithien-5-yl DNA analogues discriminating single purine-nucleobase mismatch at room temperature was used. With density functional theory modeling, the synthetic procedures developed, and isothermal titration calorimetry quantification, adenine (A)- or thymine (T)-substituted 2,2'-bithien-5-yl functional monomers capable of Watson-Crick nucleobase pairing with the TATAAA oligodeoxyribonucleotide template or its peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analogue were designed. Characterized by spectroscopic techniques, molecular cavities exposed the ordered nucleobases on the 2,2'-bithien-5-yl polymeric backbone of the TTTATA hexamer probe designed to hybridize the complementary TATAAA template. In that way, an artificial TATAAA-promoter sequence was formed in the MIP. The purine nucleobases of this sequence are known to be recognized by RNA polymerase to initiate the transcription in eukaryotes. The hexamer strongly hybridized TATAAA with the complex stability constant K<sub>s</sub><sup>TTTATA-TATAAA</sup> = k<sub>a</sub>/k<sub>d</sub> ≈ 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>, as high as that characteristic for longer-chain DNA-PNA hybrids. The CI chemosensor revealed a 5 nM limit of detection, quite appreciable as for the hexadeoxyribonucleotide. Molecular imprinting increased the chemosensor sensitivity to the TATAAA analyte by over 4 times compared to that of the nonimprinted polymer. The herein-devised detection platform enabled the generation of a library of hexamer probes for typing the majority of SNP probes as well as studying a molecular mechanism of the complex transcription machinery, physics of single polymer molecules, and stable genetic nanomaterials.
Novel extra-large mode area Yb-doped fibers for high energy and high average power industrial laser systems (2022)

Novel extra-large mode area active and passive fibers deigned to achieve up to 100 mJ and > 1 kW output power in industrial fiber laser systems will be presented. Three Yb-doped XLMA fiber sizes will be proposed, able to offer high extraction efficiency, MW peak power handling, manageable thermal load, excellent spliceability and stable beam profile. Fiber performance capabilities will be discussed with numerical simulation results. Active and passive fiber prototypes will be manufactured and tested. Key design aspects and performances including efficiency, beam profile, cladding absorption and photodarkening will be reported.
Studies on the activity of the hypoxia-inducible-factor hydroxylases using an oxygen consumption assay (2006)

The activity and levels of the metazoan HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) are regulated by its hydroxylation, catalysed by 2OG (2-oxoglutarate)- and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases. An oxygen consumption assay was developed and used to study the relationship between HIF hydroxylase activity and oxygen concentration for recombinant forms of two human HIF hydroxylases, PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2) and FIH (factor inhibiting HIF), and compared with two other 2OG-dependent dioxygenases. Although there are caveats on the absolute values, the apparent K(m) (oxygen) values for PHD2 and FIH were within the range observed for other 2OG oxygenases. Recombinant protein substrates were found to have lower apparent K(m) (oxygen) values compared with shorter synthetic peptides of HIF. The analyses also suggest that human PHD2 is selective for fragments of the C-terminal over the N-terminal oxygen-dependent degradation domain of HIF-1alpha. The present results, albeit obtained under non-physiological conditions, imply that the apparent K(m) (oxygen) values of the HIF hydroxylases enable them to act as oxygen sensors providing their in vivo capacity is appropriately matched to a hydroxylation-sensitive signalling pathway.
Simulation and Analysis of 2.4 GHz Propagation in a Medium-Size Conference Room (2006)

Although much work has been done on characterizing indoor RF propagation, some applications require a better understanding of such behavior within the confines of a single room. In this paper, we study a medium-size conference room using a ray-tracing model. A single specific room geometry is simulated but multiple narrowband realizations are obtained over a range of frequencies centered at 2.4 GHz. The resulting responses, are analyzed in terms of impulse response, rms delay spread, frequency response, coherence bandwidth, spatial correlation, and condition number. This analysis provides insight for explaining features of the data and guidelines for implementation requirements. The results quantify the often stated notion that inside a single room, the propagation is Rician-like, with the direct path stronger than the reverberation by a factor depending on the frequency realization and receiver location.
Influence of Bubble Size Distribution on the Echogenicity of Ultrasound Contrast Agents (2000)

This study shows why bubble volume is a much better indicator of SonoVue's efficacy than is bubble count. A low threshold in diameter was found for SonoVue microbubbles at approximately 2 microm, under which size bubbles do not contribute appreciably to the echogenicity at medical ultrasound frequencies.
State-Space Model and Kalman Filter Gain Identification by a Kalman Filter of a Kalman Filter (2017)

This paper describes an algorithm that identifies a state-space model and an associated steady-state Kalman filter gain from noise-corrupted input–output data. The model structure involves two Kalman filters where a second Kalman filter accounts for the error in the estimated residual of the first Kalman filter. Both Kalman filter gains and the system state-space model are identified simultaneously. Knowledge of the noise covariances is not required.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG Attenuates Surface Expression of Mature Class II Molecules through IL-10-Dependent Inhibition of Cathepsin S (2005)

We have previously shown that macrophage infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) partially inhibits MHC class II surface expression in response to IFN-gamma. The present study examined the nature of class II molecules that do in fact reach the surface of infected cells. Immunostaining with specific Abs that discriminate between mature and immature class II populations showed a predominance of invariant chain (Ii)-associated class II molecules at the surface of BCG-infected cells suggesting that mycobacteria specifically block the surface export of peptide-loaded class II molecules. This phenotype was due to inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced cathepsin S (Cat S) expression in infected cells and the subsequent intracellular accumulation of alphabeta class II dimers associated with the Cat S substrate Ii p10 fragment. In contrast, infection with BCG was shown to induce secretion of IL-10, and addition of blocking anti-IL-10 Abs to cell cultures restored both expression of active Cat S and export of mature class II molecules to the surface of infected cells. Consistent with these findings, expression of mature class II molecules was also restored in cells infected with BCG and transfected with active recombinant Cat S. Thus, M. bovis BCG exploits IL-10 induction to inhibit Cat S-dependent processing of Ii in human macrophages. This effect results in inhibition of peptide loading of class II molecules and in reduced presentation of mycobacterial peptides to CD4(+) T cells. This ability may represent an effective mycobacterial strategy for eluding immune surveillance and persisting in the host.
The search for diastereoselective bisepoxidation of template-bound 1,5-dienes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe search for diastereoselective bisepoxidation of template-bound 1,5-dienesKen S. Feldman, Susan M. Ensel, and Paul H. WeinrebCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7, 2199–2203Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00033a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00033a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Specific speed-based pump flow rate estimator for large-scale and long-term energy efficiency auditing (2018)

Due to their notable share of the total energy consumption of industries, pumps hold particular significance in industrial energy audits. In industrial facilities, pumps exist in large numbers, which leads to only the pumps most critical to the process being monitored. Meanwhile, many old or poorly sized pumps may operate inefficiently without attention. To determine the energy efficiency of a pump, information on the pump’s flow rate is required. To this end, flow meters are often used to determine the flow rate produced by a pump, which can be used in determining the pump’s specific energy consumption. However, flow meters tend to be costly and impractical for some applications and are laborious for energy auditing, if no preexisting metering can be found in the audited process setup. Thus, soft sensor approaches to estimate flow rate are suggested by several authors. However, the use of model-based flow rate estimators is still uncommon, because they require detailed information on the pump characteristic curves and manual configuration of the device employing the flow rate estimator. This paper introduces a novel flow rate estimator tuned with only four variables: the nominal flow rate, head, shaft power and rotational speed of a centrifugal pump. The estimator operation is based on the expected characteristic performance curves of the centrifugal pump according to its specific speed. Due to a small number of required input parameters, and no need for manufacturer’s pump curves, the proposed estimator is easier to commission than existing solutions available both in fixed speed systems and commercial variable-speed drives. The performance and accuracy of the presented estimator are studied by comparing it with the basic QP and QH-curve-based estimation methods through simulations with four different centrifugal pumps and through measurements with two different centrifugal pumps in a test laboratory. In the experimental evaluation, the suggested estimator estimated the flow rate produced by centrifugal pump with an error of 7–15% of the nominal flow rate through a flow rate range of 60–100% of the nominal flow rate. Thus, the presented method is accurate enough to be used in continuous large-scale energy auditing, for example to highlight inefficiently running pumps from large pump populations.
Comparison of two tonality estimation methods used in a psychoacoustic model (2014)

Perceptual audio codecs apply psychoacoustic principles such as masking effects of the human auditory system in order to reduce irrelevancies in the input audio signal. Psychoacoustic studies show differences between masking strength of tonal and noise maskers: the masking effect of narrowband noise is stronger than that of a tone which has the same power and is placed in the center frequency of the noise. In this paper, two tonality estimation methods are discussed which are implemented in a filter bank based psychoacoustic model. The first method is called Partial Spectral Flatness Measure (PSFM) and the second is referred to as Amplitude Modulation Ratio (AM-R). The psychoacoustic model uses a set of complex band-pass filters. It was designed according to the temporal/spectral resolution of the human auditory system, and takes into account post masking as well as the spreading effect of individual local maskers in simultaneous masking. This paper describes the model, tonality estimation methods and their implementation. The estimators are compared to each other by subjective tests. The results are presented and discussed.
Liquid Crystal Based Active Phase Modulator for Silicon Nitride Photonics Circuits at Near-Infrared (2020)

We demonstrate for the first-time voltage driven phase modulation with liquid crystal on SiN photonics at 874nm wavelength. We report a V*Ln 0.72 V. cm with a loss of 1.8 dB/cm.
Structure-To-Property Relationship across Different Length-Scales for Non-PGM ORR Electrocatalysts (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Scattering of electromagnetic waves from surfaces with conformal mapping: An example of a triangular plate (2016)

We discuss a way to exploit conformal mapping to study the response of a finite metallic film of arbitrary shape to an external electromagnetic field at finite frequencies. This provides a simple way to understand different physics issues and provides insights that include the issue of vorticity and eddy current and the nature of the divergent electric field at the boundaries and at corners. We study an example of an equilateral triangular plate and find good agreement with results obtained with traditional numerical techniques.
A Framework for Model-Based Safety Requirements Round-Trip Engineering (2015)

In this paper, we present a software tool for automotive safety engineering called AVL Safety Extensions (AVL_SE). The tool is part of a software tool framework and supports a workflow for model-based system safety engineering of HEV (hybrid electric vehicle) powertrain E/E (electrical and/or electronic) systems. We focus on AVL_SE's features which allow synchronising safety requirements in the model database and the requirements database of the software tool framework. The synchronisation mechanism enables full support for safety requirements round-trip engineering using a modelling tool and a requirements engineering tool. Our description of AVL_SE, the tool framework, the workflow and the support for safety requirements round-trip engineering is accompanied by the automotive case study of an HEV powertrain development illustrating how our approach allows coping with the vast number of requirements emerging from system safety engineering.