gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patient risk stratification with time-varying parameters: a multitask learning approach (2016)

The proliferation of electronic health records (EHRs) frames opportunities for using machine learning to build models that help healthcare providers improve patient outcomes. However, building useful risk stratification models presents many technical challenges including the large number of factors (both intrinsic and extrinsic) influencing a patient's risk of an adverse outcome and the inherent evolution of that risk over time. We address these challenges in the context of learning a risk stratification model for predicting which patients are at risk of acquiring a Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We take a novel data-centric approach, leveraging the contents of EHRs from nearly 50,000 hospital admissions. We show how, by adapting techniques from multitask learning, we can learn models for patient risk stratification with unprecedented classification performance. Our model, based on thousands of variables, both time-varying and time-invariant, changes over the course of a patient admission. Applied to a held out set of approximately 25,000 patient admissions, we achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 (95% CI 0.78-0.84). The model has been integrated into the health record system at a large hospital in the US, and can be used to produce daily risk estimates for each inpatient. While more complex than traditional risk stratification methods, the widespread development and use of such data-driven models could ultimately enable cost-effective, targeted prevention strategies that lead to better patient outcomes.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Sulindac, Atorvastatin, and Prebiotic Dietary Fiber for Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention (2011)

Sulindac, atorvastatin, or prebiotic dietary fiber may reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, clinical trial data are currently limited. We conducted a randomized, phase II chemoprevention trial involving subjects 40 years or older, with previously resected colon cancer or multiple/advanced colorectal adenomas. Magnification chromoendoscopy (MCE) was performed to identify and characterize rectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF); eligibility criteria required five or more rectal ACFs at baseline. Intervention assignments were as follows: (a) atorvastatin 20 mg qd; (b) sulindac 150 mg bid; (c) oligofructose-enriched inulin (as ORAFTI®Synergy1) 6 gm bid; or (d) control (maltodextrin) 6 gm bid, for 6 months. Percent change in rectal ACF number (%ΔACF) within arm was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included changes in proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (caspase-3), as measured from normal mucosa biopsy samples. Among 85 eligible randomized subjects, 76 (86%) completed the trial per protocol. The median (range) of rectal ACF was 9 (5-34) and 8 (0-37) at baseline and postintervention, respectively. The median (SD) for %ΔACF was 5.6 (-69% to 143%), -18.6 (-83% to 160%), -3.6 (-88% to 83%), and -10.0 (-100% to 117%) in the atorvastatin, sulindac, ORAFTI®Synergy1 and control arms, respectively. Neither within-arm (P = 0.12-0.59) nor between-arm (P = 0.30-0.92) comparisons of %ΔACF were statistically significant. The active and control interventions also seemed to have similar effects on mucosal proliferation and apoptosis (P > 0.05 for each comparison). Data from this multicenter, phase II trial do not provide convincing evidence of CRC risk reduction from 6-month interventions with atorvastatin, sulindac, or ORAFTI®Synergy1, although statistical power was limited by the relatively small sample size.
Optical packet and bit synchronization of a switching node using FBG optical correlators (2001)

We demonstrate high precision packet and bit synchronization of an optical switching node to an incoming packet stream. Our technique uses only four preamble bits and employs FBGs as continuous optical correlators to determine the start of a packet with 1/8th of a bit time precision. We use this optical technique to recognize the arrival of 2.5-Gb/s data packets and to route them to one of two outputs of an optical switch in a reconfigurable network. Penalty-free switching with a 1.6-ns guard time is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylphosphine: A Catalyst for the Synthesis of C‐Aryl Furanosides from Furanosyl Halides. (2014)

Abstract The reaction of furanosyl halides with aryl Grignard reagents yields C‐aryl furanosides with good α‐selectivity.
Polynomial Kalman filter for myoelectric prosthetics using efficient kernel ridge regression (2017)

This paper presents a polynomial ridge regression algorithm with substantial improvements in computational efficiency compared with the polynomial kernel ridge regression and the standard polynomial regression. This regression algorithm was combined with a Kalman Filter (KF) to yield the Directly Weighted Polynomial Ridge Regression KF (DWPRR-KF). Experiments conducted offline from data collected from a human amputee demonstrated that compared with a linear KF, the DWPRR-KF significantly reduced median range-normalized Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) caused by movement on Degrees Of Freedom (DOFs) that the user intended to hold stationary during movement of other DOFs by 63% (from 0.061 to 0.023), while insignificantly increasing median error on DOFs the user intended to move (3%; from 0.139 to 0.144). Furthermore, the median overall error, from DOFs with or without intended movement, decreased by 27% (from 0.085 to 0.063) but this change was not found significant.
Size Dependence of the Photo- and Cathodo-luminescence of Y2O2S:Eu Phosphors (2006)

<TEX>$Y_2O_2S$</TEX>:Eu phosphors were synthesized via solid-state reactions. <TEX>$Y_2O_2S$</TEX>:Eu phosphor particles of various sizes were obtained by varying the firing temperature and firing time. The photoluminescence properties of these <TEX>$Y_2O_2S$</TEX>:Eu phosphors were examined. In addition, the cathodoluminescence properties of the <TEX>$Y_2O_2S$</TEX>:Eu phosphors were examined for applied voltages of 3-8 kV. The relationship between the luminescence intensity and particle size of the<TEX>$Y_2O_2S$</TEX>:Eu phosphors was investigated. The photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of the <TEX>$Y_2O_2S$</TEX>:Eu phosphors are affected differently by variations in particle size.
MR-Compatible Optical Tracking Device with Active Markers (2005)

It was shown that optical tracking systems can be used for motion artefact correction of MR images [1,2] or to support MR guided interventions [3,4]. These studies use passive optical tracking systems to determine position and orientation of static or moving objects. Passive optical tracking systems use markers consisting of reflective spheres that reflect infrared pulses emitted by the tracking system. The reflected light is detected by the system and, through triangulation, the position of the spheres and therefore also the position of the object can be calculated. Precise and real-time determination of the spatial position and motion may also be helpful in the supervision of complex motor fMRI experiments our group is interested in. In this case, hand or fingers have a configuration which can change over time when the subject carries out movements. This makes it impossible to use passive optical tracking systems as they will loose track of the different markers when these cross position. Therefore, only active tracking systems which undoubtedly identify the light source can be used in our foreseen application. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MRI compatibility of an active optical tracking system for real-time position measurements of objects moving during image acquisition.
Congenital aorta to right main pulmonary artery arteriovenous malformation (2016)

A 59-year-old man with history of complete heart block requiring pacemaker placement presented with chest pain. Retrospective coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed no significant coronary stenosis. Incidental finding was made of a mediastinal vascular malformation flanked by the aorta and pulmonary arteries ( Panel A ), with outflow jet into the right main pulmonary artery (RPA) ( Panel B ). Inflow from the medial undersurface of the left aortic arch and …
Subpicosecond stimulated Raman scattering in high-pressure hydrogen (1994)

We studied the effect of self-phase modulation and self-focusing on transient stimulated Raman scattering in high-pressure hydrogen by using high-energy, subpicosecond laser pulses. Adding argon to the hydrogen emphasizes the effect of self-phase modulation on stimulated Raman scattering by increasing the former effect without affecting the latter. The behavior of the observed stimulated Raman scattering falls into three regimes depending on input energy: normal stimulated Raman scattering at low energies, suppression by self-phase modulation at medium energies, and a recovery at high energies because strong self-focusing limits self-phase modulation.
Photochemical Reactions of Halo-/Aryl Sulfide-Substituted Alkyl Phenylglyoxylate, an Assessment of the Lifetime of the Intermediate 1,4-Biradical (1997)

Photochemical reactions of several halo/aryl sulfide-substituted alkyl phenylglyoxylates (1) were studied. For 2‘-bromo- (1b), 2‘-iodo- (1c), 2‘-(phenylthio)- (1d), and 2‘-(phenylsulfinyl)- (1e) ethyl phenylglyoxylate, vinyl phenylglyoxylate (2), proposed to be the result of β-elimination from the 1,4-biradical formed by triplet state γ-hydrogen abstraction, is the dominant photoproduct. In the cases 1b and 1d Norrish Type II products were also observed. Vinyl phenylglyoxylate (2) was not observed with 2‘-chloroethyl (1a), 3‘-bromopropyl (1f), and 3‘-(phenylthio)propyl (1g) phenylglyoxylate. The lifetime of the 1,4-biradical intermediate is deduced from the competition between the β-elimination of the monoradical and the normal biradical decay. The triplet lifetime and the photoreaction efficiency of 1 were not significantly affected by halogen-substitution.
RTVS: A Lightweight Differentiable MPC Framework for Real-Time Visual Servoing (2021)

Recent data-driven approaches to visual servoing have shown improved performances over classical methods due to precise feature matching and depth estimation. Some recent servoing approaches use a model predictive control (MPC) framework which generalise well to novel environments and are capable of incorporating dynamic constraints, but are computationally intractable in real-time, making it difficult to deploy in real-world scenarios. On the contrary, single-step methods optimise greedily and achieve high servoing rates, but lack the benefits of the MPC multi-step ahead formulation. In this paper, we make the best of both worlds and propose a lightweight visual servoing MPC framework which generates optimal control near real-time at a frequency of 10.52 Hz. This work utilises the differential cross-entropy sampling method for quick and effective control generation along with a lightweight neural network, significantly improving the servoing frequency. We also propose a flow depth normalisation layer which ameliorates the issue of inferior predictions of two view depth from the flow network. We conduct extensive experimentation on the Habitat simulator and show a notable decrease in servoing time in comparison with other approaches that optimise over a time horizon. We achieve the right balance between time and performance for visual servoing in six degrees of freedom (6DoF), while retaining the advantageous MPC formulation. Our code and dataset are publicly available <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">†</sup> .
A reproducible and tunable synthetic soil microbial community provides new insights into microbial ecology (2022)

Abstract Microbial soil communities form commensal relationships with plants to promote the growth of both parties. Optimization of plant-microbe interactions to advance sustainable agriculture is an important field in agricultural research. However, investigation in this field is hindered by a lack of model microbial community systems and efficient approaches for building these communities. Two key challenges in developing standardized model communities are maintaining community diversity over time and storing/resuscitating these communities after cryopreservation, especially considering the different growth rates of organisms. Here, a model community of 17 soil microorganisms commonly found in the rhizosphere of diverse plant species, isolated from soil surrounding a single switchgrass plant, has been developed and optimized for use with fabricated ecosystem devices (EcoFABs). EcoFABs allow reproducible research in model plant systems, with precise control of environmental conditions and easy measurement of plant-microbe metrics. The model soil community grows reproducibly in vitro between replicates and experiments, with high community α-diversity achieved through growth in low-nutrient media and adjustment of starting composition ratios for the growth of individual organisms. The community additionally grows in EcoFAB devices and regrows with a similar composition to unfrozen communities following cryopreservation with glycerol, allowing for dissemination of the model community. Our results demonstrate the generation of a stable microbial community that can be used with EcoFAB devices and shared between research groups for maximum reproducibility. Importance Microbes associate with plants in distinct soil communities, to the benefit of both the soil microbes and the plant. Interactions between plants and these microbes can improve plant growth and health and are therefore a field of study in sustainable agricultural research. In this study, a model community of 17 soil bacteria has been developed to further reproducible study of plant-soil microbe interactions. Preservation of the microbial community has been optimized for dissemination to other research settings. Overall, this work will advance soil microbe research through optimization of a robust, reproducible model community.
Qualitative Behavior of the EQS Parallel Processor Allocation Policy (1993)

This paper addresses these issues for an idealization of the Spatial EQuiallocation policy (EQS) and a workload model that characterizes the essential features of parallel applications with respect to scheduling discipline performance. Important features of the workload model include general distribution for available job parallelism, controlled correlation between available parallelism and total job processing requirement, general distribution of processing requirement per class of jobs in the correlation model, and general nondecreasing deterministic job execution rates (i.e., speedups) that represent synchronization and communication overheads as well as load imbalance for parallel programs. The performance of EQS is analyzed using sample path analysis to derive bounds and using highly efficient and extensively validated interpolation approximations to derive estimates for mean response time (REQS ). The bounds show that under exponential job processing requirements (demands) and any concave nondecreasing job execution rate function for all jobs REQS is minimum when all jobs are fully parallel and is maximum when all jobs are fully sequential. The upper bound is also shown to hold under very general workload conditions. The approximation is used to obtain the demand and parallelism parameters that are key determinants of EQS performance and to study the behavior of REQS as a function of changes in the workload. Mean response time is shown to decrease with stochastic increase in available parallelism, decrease in variability of parallelism, and increase in correlation. Under certain potentially realistic assumptions, the mean response time is also shown to be fairly insensitive to parallel program overheads.
Organization of afferent and efferent pathways in the pudendal nerve of the female cat (1989)

Application of horseradish peroxidase to the pudendal nerve in the female cat labelled lumbosacral afferent and efferent neurons and their processes. Afferent axons entered the spinal cord primarily at the S1 and S2 segments and traveled rostrocaudally in Lissauer's tract and the dorsal columns. A distinctive component of the dorsal column projection was located at the lamina I-dorsal column border as a densely labelled, compact bundle that distributed fibers to the dorsal horn at spinal levels near the segments of entry of the afferent axons. Afferent terminal labelling was located in the marginal zone, the intermediate gray matter, and the dorsal gray commissure in the lumbosacral and coccygeal spinal cord. A well-defined terminal field restricted to the S1 and rostral S2 segments was present in the medial third of the nucleus proprius and substantia gelatinosa. Labelled motoneurons in Onuf's nucleus (S1 and S2) exhibited longitudinal dendrites that extended rostrocaudally within the nucleus and three groups of transverse dendrites that emanated periodically from the nucleus and passed to the ventrolateral funiculus, the intermediate gray, and the dorsal gray commissure. Components of the pudendal nerve that innervate the anal and urethral sphincters were also labelled by injecting HRP into the respective sphincter muscles. Motoneurons innervating the anal and urethral sphincters were located in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral divisions, respectively, of Onuf's nucleus. Afferent projections from the two sphincters were similar; the most prominent terminations were present in the marginal zone, intermediate gray, and dorsal gray commissure. These results are discussed with respect to the physiological function of the pudendal nerve and its relationship with sacral autonomic pathways.
A 3.6pJ/b 56Gb/s 4-PAM receiver with 6-Bit TI-SAR ADC and quarter-rate speculative 2-tap DFE in 32 nm CMOS (2015)

This paper describes the implementation of a 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (4-PAM) receiver consisting of a 6-bit time-interleaved successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter (TI-SAR ADC), followed by a fully digital speculative 2-tap decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) operating at one-fourth of the modulation rate. The receiver, implemented in an experimental chip fabricated in 32 nm SOI CMOS, is designed to recover data at 56Gb/s over a channel with an attenuation of 11 dB at 14 GHz. The power consumption of the receiver is 202.7 mW at a supply of 1.2 V, achieving an overall energy efficiency of 3.62 pJ/b. The DFE along with area-optimized register arrays and memory-control buffers occupies an area of 0.154×0.169 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Experimental results demonstrating a BER<;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> are obtained using a (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> -1)-bit pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS-7).
Table S3 from Impaired Death Receptor Signaling in Leukemia Causes Antigen-Independent Resistance by Inducing CAR T-cell Dysfunction (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genes used to define exhaustion&lt;/p&gt;
Enantioselective lactate binding by chiral tripodal anion hosts derived from amino acids (2009)

Chiral, tripodal anion hosts derived from either S-phenylalanine or S-leucine bind D-lactate enantioselectively. The nature of the host-guest interaction has been probed by solution NMR methods and by DFT calculations. The calculations suggest that the D-lactate may form an additional hydrogen bond in the host-guest complex while the L-lactate complex contains an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Anion binding is in competition with host dimerisation, as demonstrated by DOSY and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
Current Transformer Selection Techniques for Low-Voltage Motor Control Centers (2016)

This paper provides a clear set of procedures and equations to follow in optimal current transformer selection for low-voltage motor control centers. Methods of using protective relay settings to minimize current transformer cost and size are also shared. The selection criteria are explained from the fundamental principles of operation of a current transformer and a protective relaying device. This paper shows how the current transformer ratio, voltage knee points, and relay protection elements can be selected together simultaneously to provide a low-cost high-performance system. This paper describes a case study in which the authors developed a simplified set of current transformer selection criteria for compact IEC low-voltage motor-control center drawers at a large oil and gas field in Central Asia.
Differential Gene Expression Profiles and Real-Time Measurements of Growth Parameters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grown in Microliter-Scale Bioreactors Equipped with Internal Stirring (2006)

Combining real-time growth kinetics measurements with global gene expression analysis of microbial cultures is of significant value for high-throughput biological research. We have performed differential gene expression analysis in the eukaryotic model Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in galactose and glucose media in 150 muL bioreactors equipped with sensors for in situ and real-time measurements of optical density (OD), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The microbioreactors were fabricated from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and equipped with internal magnetic ministirrers and evaporation compensation by water replacement. In galactose-grown cells, the core genes of the GAL operon GAL2, GAL1, GAL7, and GAL10 were upregulated at least 100-fold relative to glucose-grown cells. These differential gene expression levels were similar to those observed in large-scale culture vessels. The increasing rate at which complete genomic sequences of microorganisms are becoming available offers an unprecedented opportunity for comparative investigations of these organisms. Our results from S. cerevisiae cultures grown in instrumented microbioreactors show that it is possible to integrate high-throughput studies of growth physiology with global gene expression analysis of microorganisms.
Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone, Hypertension, and Hypoplastic Corpus Callosum (1977)

The threshold of serum osmolality causing release of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) was shifted to an abnormally low level (262 mosmol/kg H2O) in a 14-year-old girl with hypertension and signs of hypoplastic corpus callosum. There was a physiologically meaningful control of vasopressin release in response to water restriction and water load. Plasma vasopressin concentrations (range 1.2–11.9 pg/ml) were of the same magnitude as those of healthy adults, being abnormally high only when related to the hypotonicity of serum observed. Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II were higher than expected from the suppressed levels of plasma renin activity. Blood-pressure response to angiotensin II infusion was increased. Resetting of the osmostat and hypertension may both be explained by lesions of the central nervous system.