gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of CTBN Micro-Rubber Particles on Fatigue Performance of Carbon Reinforced Epoxy Composites (2018)

In the automobile industry, composite materials are sought after for their lightweight and superior properties, such as high stiffness, specific strength, and chemical resistance. Epoxy resins, brittle in nature, are used as a matrix system in many composite manufacturing industries and are enhanced by reactive liquid rubbers to increase toughness. In this research, carbon reinforced epoxy composites were manufactured with carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) rubber particles using low-cost vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). The mechanical characterization was determined through testing under tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear loadings and compared against a control (0 wt% of rubber particles) composite. Tensile strength slightly increased with the CTBN 10 wt% compared to the control, but all other mechanical properties decreased. Based on the tensile testing results, the CTBN 10 wt% was selected for fatigue studies. Extensive axial tension-tension fatigue testing was performed on the control and CTBN rubber modified composites and used to create an S-N diagram and stiffness degradation model. It was observed that the CTBN 10 wt% modified system showed excellent fatigue life compared to the control composite. Furthermore, the CTBN 10 wt% carbon fiber composites showed significant enhancement compared to the control as seen in the S-N diagram and stiffness degradation curve.
Teaching methods in a design class (2002)

The methodology described here is based on several years' experience teaching a senior-level, first-year graduate student design class in nuclear engineering. Unlike some design courses, which stress details of the actual design, the primary goal of the present courses is to teach the design process, i.e., issues related to technology synthesis, project management, team organization, engineering ethics, budgeting and cost analysis, and environmental and sociological aspects of engineering projects. Considerable stress is placed on the development of both oral presentation and written communication skills. It is concluded that a design class offers an excellent opportunity to teach the basics of project management as well as the design process. This has an advantage over a topical lecture-only course, in that students can learn by actually doing a small project.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Alpha synuclein aggregation drives ferroptosis: an interplay of iron, calcium and lipid peroxidation (2020)

Protein aggregation and abnormal lipid homeostasis are both implicated in neurodegeneration through unknown mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that aggregate-membrane interaction is critical to induce a form of cell death called ferroptosis. Importantly, the aggregate-membrane interaction that drives ferroptosis depends both on the conformational structure of the aggregate, as well as the oxidation state of the lipid membrane. We generated human stem cell-derived models of synucleinopathy, characterized by the intracellular formation of α-synuclein aggregates that bind to membranes. In human iPSC-derived neurons with SNCA triplication, physiological concentrations of glutamate and dopamine induce abnormal calcium signaling owing to the incorporation of excess α-synuclein oligomers into membranes, leading to altered membrane conductance and abnormal calcium influx. α-synuclein oligomers further induce lipid peroxidation. Targeted inhibition of lipid peroxidation prevents the aggregate-membrane interaction, abolishes aberrant calcium fluxes, and restores physiological calcium signaling. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and reduction of iron-dependent accumulation of free radicals, further prevents oligomer-induced toxicity in human neurons. In summary, we report that peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids underlies the incorporation of β-sheet-rich aggregates into the membranes, and that additionally induces neuronal death. This suggests a role for ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease, and highlights a new mechanism by which lipid peroxidation causes cell death.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of a pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase fromMycobacterium smegmatis (2008)

Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidases (PNPOxs) are known to catalyse the terminal step in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis in a flavin mononucleotide-dependent manner in humans and Escherichia coli. Recent reports of a putative PNPOx from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv1155, suggest that the cofactor or catalytic mechanism may differ in Mycobacterium species. To investigate this, a putative PNPOx from M. smegmatis, Msmeg_3380, has been cloned. This enzyme has been recombinantly expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. Good-quality crystals of selenomethionine-substituted Msmeg_3380 were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique and diffracted to 1.2 A using synchrotron radiation.
On MDS extensions of generalized Reed- Solomon codes (1986)

An <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n, k, d)</tex> linear code over <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F=</tex> GF <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(q)</tex> is said to be {\em maximum distance separable} (MDS) if <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d = n - k + 1</tex> . It is shown that an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n, k, n - k + 1)</tex> generalized Reed-Solomon code such that <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2\leq k \leq n - \lfloor (q - 1)/2 \rfloor (k \neq 3 {\rm if} q</tex> is even) can be extended by one digit while preserving the MDS property if and only if the resulting extended code is also a generalized Reed-Solomon code. It follows that a generalized Reed-Solomon code with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> in the above range can be {\em uniquely} extended to a maximal MDS code of length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q + 1</tex> , and that generalized Reed-Solomon codes of length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q + 1</tex> and dimension <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2\leq k \leq \lfloor q/2 \rfloor + 2 (k \neq 3 {\rm if} q</tex> is even) do not have MDS extensions. Hence, in cases where the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(q + 1, k)</tex> MDS code is essentially unique, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n, k)</tex> MDS codes with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n &gt; q + 1</tex> do not exist.
Building a Corpus of Manually Revised Texts from Discourse Perspective (2014)

This paper presents building a corpus of manually revised texts which includes both before and after-revision information. In order to create such a corpus, we propose a procedure for revising a text from a discourse perspective, consisting of dividing a text to discourse units, organising and reordering groups of discourse units and finally modifying referring and connective expressions, each of which imposes limits on freedom of revision. Following the procedure, six revisers who have enough experience in either teaching Japanese or scoring Japanese essays revised 120 Japanese essays written by Japanese native speakers. Comparing the original and revised texts, we found some specific manual revisions frequently occurred between the original and revised texts, e.g. ‘thesis ’ statements were frequently placed at the beginning of a text. We also evaluate text coherence using the original and revised texts on the task of pairwise information ordering, identifying a more coherent text. The experimental results using two text coherence models demonstrated that the two models did not outperform the random baseline.
Low‐Cost Post‐Growth Treatments of Crystalline Silicon Nanoparticles Improving Surface and Electronic Properties (2012)

Abstract Freestanding silicon nanocrystals (Si‐ncs) offer unique optical and electronic properties for new photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and other electronic devices. A method to fabricate Si‐ncs which is scalable to industrial usage has been developed in recent years. However, barriers to the widespread utilization of these nanocrystals are the presence of charge‐trapping defects and an oxide shell formed upon ambient atmosphere exposure hindering the charge transport. Here, we exploit low‐cost post‐growth treatment routes based on wet‐etching in hydrofluoric acid plus surface hydrosilylation or annealing enabling a complete native oxide removal and a reduction of the defect density by up to two orders of magnitude. Moreover, when compared with only H‐terminated Si‐ncs we report an enhancement of the conductivity by up to a factor of 400 for films of HF etched and annealed Si‐ncs, which retain a defect density below that of untreated Si‐ncs even after several months of air exposure. Further, we demonstrate that HF etched and hydrosilylated Si‐ncs are extremely stable against oxidation and maintain a very low defect density after a long‐term storage in air, opening the possibility of device processing in ambient atmosphere.
An amphipathic peptide with antibiotic activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (2020)

Peptide antibiotics are an abundant and synthetically tractable source of molecular diversity, but they are often cationic and can be cytotoxic, nephrotoxic and/or ototoxic, which has limited their clinical development. Here we report structure-guided optimization of an amphipathic peptide, arenicin-3, originally isolated from the marine lugworm Arenicola marina. The peptide induces bacterial membrane permeability and ATP release, with serial passaging resulting in a mutation in mlaC, a phospholipid transport gene. Structure-based design led to AA139, an antibiotic with broad-spectrum in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria, including ESBL, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant clinical isolates. The antibiotic induces a 3-4 log reduction in bacterial burden in mouse models of peritonitis, pneumonia and urinary tract infection. Cytotoxicity and haemolysis of the progenitor peptide is ameliorated with AA139, and the 'no observable adverse effect level' (NOAEL) dose in mice is ~10-fold greater than the dose generally required for efficacy in the infection models.
Optical properties of Si-Ge-C nanostructures deposited by MBE (1999)

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been used to deposit quantum structures in the material system Si-Ge-C in order to evaluate the possibilities for Si based opto-electronics. In particular the growth of Si/SiGeC quantum wells, the growth of quantum structures on pre-patterned Si substrate and the self- organized growth of Ge and C-induced Ge dots have been investigated. Studying the photoluminescence (PL) response of strained SiGeC quantum wells of various compositions and well widths by MBE the band discontinuities for compressively strained and lattice matched SiGeC/Si heterostructures have been determined. The data indicate a type I bandalignment in Si/SiGeC quantum well structures. By modifying the morphology, the chemistry or the strain of Si surfaces the formation of Ge quantum dots can be triggered. The growth of strained SiGe alloys on a small mesa leads to plastic relaxation of the strained film. The degree of relaxation depends on the thickness, the size, and the crystallographic orientation of the mesa. Phonon resolved PL spectra were obtained from the type II transition between the strained Si and the relaxed SiGe grown on small mesa structures. In addition, the self organized growth of Ge dots on bare and on C covered Si (100) surfaces has been studied. The deposition of 2 - 4 monolayers of Ge on these surfaces leads to the formation of small, irregularly shaped islands without facets. Intense photoluminescence is observed from samples containing multiple C-induced Ge island layers.
O2 Reduction and Evolution At Metal Oxides in Alkaline Electrolyte: A Study of the Role of Cations and Isotope Exchange Experiments (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Hopeafuran and a C-Glucosyl Resveratrol Isolated from Stem Wood of Hopea utilis. (2001)

A new resveratrol dimer and a new C-glucosyl resveratrol were isolated from stem wood of Hopea utilis along with nine stilbenoid derivatives comprising bergenin and (+)-lyoniresinol. The structures have been elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic evidence.
ADVANCED HYDROGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANES FOR VISION 21 FOSSIL FUEL PLANTS (2002)

Eltron Research Inc. and their team members are developing an environmentally benign, inexpensive, and efficient method for separating hydrogen from gas mixtures produced during industrial processes, such as coal gasification. This project was motivated by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Vision 21 initiative which seeks to economically eliminate environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels. This objective is being pursued using dense membranes based in part on Eltron-patented ceramic materials with a demonstrated ability for proton and electron conduction. The technical goals are being addressed by modifying single-phase and composite membrane composition and microstructure to maximize proton and electron conductivity without loss of material stability. Ultimately, these materials must enable hydrogen separation at practical rates under ambient and high-pressure conditions, without deactivation in the presence of feedstream components such as carbon dioxide, water, and sulfur. During this quarter, new cermet compositions were tested that demonstrated similar performance to previous materials. A 0.5-mm thick membrane achieved at H{sub 2} transport rate of 0.2 mL/min/cm{sup 2} at 950 C, which corresponded to an ambipolar conductivity of 3 x 10{sup -3} S/cm. Although these results were equivalent to those for other cermet compositions, this new composition might be useful if it demonstrates improved chemical or mechanical stability. Ceramic/ceramic composite membranes also were fabricated and tested; however, some reaction did occur between the proton- and electron-conducting phases, which likely compromised conductivity. This sample only achieved a H{sub 2} transport rate of {approx} 0.006 mL/min/cm{sup 2} and an ambipolar conductivity of {approx}4 x 10{sup -4} S/cm. Chemical stability tests were continued, and candidate ceramic membranes were found to react slightly with carbon monoxide under extreme testing conditions. A cermet compositions did not show any reaction with carbon monoxide, but a thick layer of carbon formed on the membrane surface. The most significant technical accomplishment this quarter was a new high-pressure seal composition. This material maintained a pressure differential across the membrane of {approx} 280 psi at 800 C, and is still in operation.
p27Kip1 Repression of ErbB2-Induced Mammary Tumor Growth in Transgenic Mice Involves Skp2 and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling (2006)

Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor (p27(Kip1)) is frequently reduced in human tumors, often correlating with poor prognosis. p27(Kip1) functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor; however, the mechanism by which one allele of p27(Kip1) regulates oncogenic signaling in vivo is not well understood. We therefore investigated the mechanisms by which p27(Kip1) inhibits mammary tumor onset. Using the common background strain of FVB, p27(Kip1) heterozygosity (p27(+/-)) accelerated ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis. We conducted microarray analyses of mammary tumors developing in mice with genetic haploinsufficiency for p27(Kip1) expressing a mammary-targeted ErbB2 oncogene. Global gene expression profiling and Western blot analysis of ErbB2/p27(+/-) tumors showed that the loss of p27(Kip1) induced genes promoting lymphangiogenesis, cellular proliferation, and collaborative oncogenic signaling (Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf, Cdc25a, Smad7, and Skp2). Skp2 expression was induced by ErbB2 and repressed by p27(Kip1). Degradation of p27(Kip1) involves an SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, including Skp2. The Skp2 component of the SCF(SKP2) complex that degrades p27(Kip1) was increased in ErbB2 tumors correlating with earlier tumor onset. In both murine and human ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers, p27(Kip1) levels correlated inversely with Skp2. p27(Kip1) haploinsufficiency activated Wnt/beta-catenin/hedgehog signaling. Reintroduction of p27(Kip1) inhibited beta-catenin induction of Tcf-responsive genes (Siamosis, c-Myc, and Smad7). p27(Kip1) is haploinsufficient for ErbB2 mammary tumor suppression in vivo and functions to repress collaborative oncogenic signals including Skp2 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers — Coherent arrays and external feedback (2016)

Electronic control of coherence in 2D arrays of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers is discussed.
Scalable video coding for IPTV fast channel change (2009)

This paper describes how to use scalable video coding to reduce the tune-in delay into real-time streams delivered over IP networks. A higher frequency of random access points in the base layer is used to enable a fast channel change. Simulations were performed to compare this approach with simulcast of two separate streams and with single layer coding. The results show that the SVC-based tune-in technique has an average bitrate saving of 8% compared to a single layer AVC encoding.
Max activity is affected by phosphorylation at two NH2-terminal sites. (1994)

Max is a nuclear phosphoprotein that has a dose-dependent role in regulation of Myc function. The DNA-binding activity of Max homodimers, but not of Myc/Max heterodimers, has been reported to be inhibited by NH2-terminal phosphorylation. (S. J. Berberich and M. D. Cole, Genes & Dev., 6: 166-176, 1992). Here, we have mapped the NH2-terminal in vivo phosphorylation sites of Max to Ser2 and Ser11 and show that the NH2 termini of the two major alternatively spliced forms of Max (p21max and p22max) are equally phosphorylated despite differences in their amino acid sequences following Ser11. A Max mutant deficient in the NH2-terminal phosphorylation was found to inhibit both basal and Myc-induced transcription of a reporter gene more efficiently than the wild-type protein. Similarly, the ability of Myc and Ras to induce transformation was more severely impaired by the mutant. These results indicate that the NH2-terminal phosphorylation diminishes the ability of Max to negatively interfere with Myc function. However, we found no evidence that Max phosphorylation would be regulated during cell growth or differentiation. Similarly, we observed no major cell cycle-dependent changes in the extent of phosphorylation between cell populations fractionated by centrifugal elutriation or by cell cycle inhibitors.
Cell cycle-dependent subcellular localization of the TSG101 protein and mitotic and nuclear abnormalities associated with TSG101 deficiency (1998)

TSG101 is a recently discovered tumor susceptibility gene whose functional inactivation in mouse fibroblasts results in cell transformation and the ability to form metastatic tumors in nude mice. Although restoration of TSG101 activity reverses tumorigenesis, neoplasia is irreversible in some cells, suggesting that permanent genetic alteration can occur during TSG101 inactivation. Here we describe studies that support this notion. We find that localization of TSG101 is cell cycle-dependent, occurring in the nucleus and Golgi complex during interphase, and in mitotic spindles and centrosomes during mitosis; cells made neoplastic by a deficiency in TSG101 expression show a series of mitosis-related abnormalities, including multiple microtubule organizing centers, aberrant mitotic spindles, abnormal distribution of metaphase chromatin, aneuploidy, and nuclear anomalies. Our findings suggest that TSG101 deficiency may lead to genome instability in addition to previously reported reversible neoplastic transformation.
Isap v2.0 (2020)

We specify Isap v2.0, a lightweight permutation-based authenticated encryption algorithm that is designed to ease protection against side-channel and fault attacks. This design is an improved version of the previously published Isap v1.0, and offers increased protection against implementation attacks as well as more efficient implementations. Isap v2.0 is a candidate in NIST’s LightWeight Cryptography (LWC) project, which aims to identify and standardize authenticated ciphers that are well-suited for applications in constrained environments. We provide a self-contained specification of the new Isap v2.0 mode and discuss its design rationale. We formally prove the security of the Isap v2.0 mode in the leakage-resilient setting. Finally, in an extensive implementation overview, we show that Isap v2.0 can be implemented securely with very low area requirements. https://isap.iaik.tugraz.at
Challenges in forming successful mixed matrix membranes with rigid polymeric materials (2002)

Abstract Mixed matrix materials comprised of molecular sieve domains embedded in processable polymer matrices have the potential to provide membranes with higher permselectivity and equivalent productivity compared to existing membrane materials. It has been shown that successful mixed matrix materials can be formed using relatively low glass transition ( T g ) polymers that have a favorable interaction with the sieves. This article extends this earlier work to include the use of more practical rigid matrix polymers with high T g s that can ultimately be used in forming high‐performance mixed matrix layers for composite membranes. Initial attempts to form mixed matrix materials based on high T g polymers with a type 4A zeolite resulted in poor adhesion between the polymer and sieve. Correcting this problem was pursued in this study by forming the composite material close to the T g of the polymer by addition of a plasticizer to match the matrix T g with the solvent volatility. Forming the films at elevated temperatures presented substantial challenges, and this work discusses overcoming these challenges in detail. With some modifications in the film casting procedure, successful materials were achieved. Promising oxygen/nitrogen transport results are presented for these zeolite 4A–Matrimid®/plasticizer membranes, and this data compares favorably with predictions of the well‐known Maxwell model for composite systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 881–890, 2002
Mixing-Time Regularized Policy Gradient (2014)

Policy gradient reinforcement learning (PGRL) has been receiving substantial attention as a mean for seeking stochastic policies that maximize cumulative reward. However, the learning speed of PGRL is known to decrease substantially when PGRL explores the policies that give the Markov chains having long mixing time. We study a new approach of regularizing how the PGRL explores the policies by the use of the hitting time of the Markov chains. The hitting time gives an upper bound on the mixing time, and the proposed approach improves the learning efficiency by keeping the mixing time of the Markov chains short. In particular, we propose a method of temporal-difference learning for estimating the gradient of the hitting time. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods of PGRL.