gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Distribution, and Diversity of Salmonella enterica in a Major Produce Region of California (2011)

A survey was initiated to determine the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in the environment in and around Monterey County, CA, a major agriculture region of the United States. Trypticase soy broth enrichment cultures of samples of soil/sediment (n = 617), water (n = 252), wildlife (n = 476), cattle feces (n = 795), and preharvest lettuce and spinach (n = 261) tested originally for the presence of pathogenic Escherichia coli were kept in frozen storage and later used to test for the presence of S. enterica. A multipathogen oligonucleotide microarray was employed to identify a subset of samples that might contain Salmonella in order to test various culture methods to survey a larger number of samples. Fifty-five of 2,401 (2.3%) samples yielded Salmonella, representing samples obtained from 20 different locations in Monterey and San Benito Counties. Water had the highest percentage of positives (7.1%) among sample types. Wildlife yielded 20 positive samples, the highest number among sample types, with positive samples from birds (n = 105), coyotes (n = 40), deer (n = 104), elk (n = 39), wild pig (n = 41), and skunk (n = 13). Only 16 (2.6%) of the soil/sediment samples tested positive, and none of the produce samples had detectable Salmonella. Sixteen different serotypes were identified among the isolates, including S. enterica serotypes Give, Typhimurium, Montevideo, and Infantis. Fifty-four strains were sensitive to 12 tested antibiotics; one S. Montevideo strain was resistant to streptomycin and gentamicin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the isolates revealed over 40 different pulsotypes. Several strains were isolated from water, wildlife, or soil over a period of several months, suggesting that they were persistent in this environment.
Segmental order parameters in a nonionic surfactant lamellar phase studied with 1H–13C solid-state NMR (2008)

A lyotropic nonionic lamellar system composed of pentaethyleneglycol mono n-dodecyl ether and D(2)O was studied using natural abundance (13)C NMR under magic-angle spinning. Applying a two-dimensional recoupling method proposed by Dvinskikh (R-PDLF), (1)H-(13)C dipolar couplings were estimated over a range of temperatures (300-335 K), thus enabling analysis of structural changes in the liquid crystalline system. The results obtained are used to correlate the conformation and mobility of local sites in the surfactant molecule with overall changes in the lamellar structure.
Efficacy of Electron Mobility Models in Hybrid-PIC Hall Thruster Simulations (2008)

The cross-field electron mobility in Hall thrusters is known to be enhanced by wall collisionality and turbulent plasma fluctuations. Although progress has been made in understanding the plasma-wall interaction and instabilities responsible for the anomalous transport, a predictive model based on the underlying physics of these processes has yet to emerge. Hybrid-PIC simulations of the Hall thruster have typically depended on semi-empirical models of the mobility to provide sufficient electron current to match experimental results. These models are capable of qualitatively predicting the plasma response over a wide range of operating conditions, but have limited quantitative capabilities unless they are calibrated with experimental data. The efficacy of several electron mobility models in reproducing the plasma response of a 6 kW laboratory Hall thruster are assessed. With respect to a two-region mobility model that is frequently reported in the literature, a three-region model for the mobility is shown to significantly improve the agreement with experimentally measured profiles of the plasma potential and electron temperature.
Temperature dependence of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities in polysilanes and polygermanes (1988)

Optical third-harmonic generation was used to measure third-order nonlinear susceptibilities χ(3) for thin films of planar zigzag polysilanes and polygermanes. A χ(3) of 11.3×10−12 esu was measured, the largest value ever reported for a polymer with transparency throughout the visible. The value of χ(3) was found to vary substantially with thermally induced reversible changes in polymer backbone conformation and also with film thickness.
[Traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage as a cause of hypopituitarism: a review]. (2009)

Brain injuries namely traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) are relevant causes of acquired adult hypopituitarism, perhaps more prevalent than ever believed. TBI represent a major health problem with an annual incidence of 300 cases per 100.000. SAH affects six new cases per 1.000.000 habitants in USA. In Belgium we estimate nearly 30.000 new TBI cases and 600 SAH cases per year. In the English literature, TBI secondary hypopituitarism has been well documented in 14 retrospective and prospective series accounting for 1.077 cases. In all these series the main pituitary deficits were: GH (14%), ACTH (14%), gonadotrope (18%), TSH (7%) and diabetes insipidus (4%). SAH was documented as a cause of hypopituitarism in three retrospective series accounting for 110 cases and in one prospective series. In all these series main pituitary deficits were GH (25%), ACTH (15%), gonadotrope (8.5%), TSH (6%) and diabetes insipidus (4%). In this review, we analyze recent data and discuss diagnostic and treatment features of secondary hypopituitarism due TBI and SAH.
Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors, Literature Review, Challenges, and Some Novel Trends (2023)

This paper introduces an introduction to photonic crystals (PCs) and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensors along with their different applications. A comparative study of different types of PCF sensors including chemical, biomedical, and liquid sensors is presented. Many distinct factors, including the device structure, background material, operating wavelength, PCF's guiding mechanisms and the sample refractive indices to be detected, affect how PCF sensors behave. Different topologies such as hexagonal, hollow rectangle, decagonal, rectangular porous core, and mono rectangular are discussed. Sensing properties, and measurement methodologies for each of these sensors are discussed. Based on this comparative study, PCF sensors are categorized according to their properties, topologies, measurement techniques, and applications. The appropriate topology for the required application can be selected based on the required properties. The same PCF topology can be used for different sensing purposes. A comparative study of different types of PCF sensors in a form of table is presented followed by the challenges and some novel trends on Photonic Crystal Fiber.
SAMDI Mass Spectrometry-Enabled High-Throughput Optimization of a Traceless Petasis Reaction (2015)

Development of the self-assembled monolayer/MALDI mass spectrometry (SAMDI) platform to enable a high-throughput optimization of a traceless Petasis reaction is described. More than 1800 unique reactions were conducted simultaneously on an array of self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold to arrive at optimized conditions, which were then successfully transferred to the solution phase. The utility of this reaction was validated by the efficient synthesis of a variety of di- and trisubstituted allenes.
Measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks in pp collisions at s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector (2013)

A measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks is presented. In a 4.7 fb−1 data&#13;\nsample of proton–proton collisions at&#13;\n√&#13;\ns = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, events&#13;\nconsistent with t¯t production and decay into a single charged lepton final state are reconstructed. For&#13;\neach event, the mass difference between the top and anti-top quark candidate is calculated. A two b-tag&#13;\nrequirement is used in order to reduce the background contribution. A maximum likelihood fit to these&#13;\nper-event mass differences yields m ≡ mt − m¯t = 0.67 ± 0.61 (stat) ± 0.41 (syst) GeV, consistent with&#13;\nCPT invariance.
Data from A Humanized Lym-1 CAR with Novel DAP10/DAP12 Signaling Domains Demonstrates Reduced Tonic Signaling and Increased Antitumor Activity in B-Cell Lymphoma Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The murine Lym-1 mAb targets a discontinuous epitope (Lym-1 epitope) on several subtypes of HLA-DR, which is upregulated in a majority of human B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Unlike CD19, the Lym-1 epitope does not downregulate upon crosslinking, which may provide an advantage as a target for CAR T-cell therapy. Lym-1 CAR T cells with a conventional 4-1BB and CD3ζ (BB3z) signaling domain exhibited impaired &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; expansion. This study aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to overcome this effect.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;A functional humanized Lym-1 antibody (huLym-1-B) was identified and its scFv form was used for CAR design. To overcome observed impaired expansion &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, a huLym-1-B CAR using DAP10 and DAP12 (DAP) signaling domains was evaluated for &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; expansion and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; function.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Impaired expansion in huLym-1-B-BB3z CAR T cells was shown to be due to ligand-dependent suboptimal CAR signaling caused by interaction of the CAR binding domain and the surface of human T cells. Using the novel DAP signaling domain construct, the effects of suboptimal CAR signaling were overcome to produce huLym-1-B CAR T cells with improved expansion &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; and function &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. In addition, the Lym-1 epitope does not significantly downregulate in response to huLym-1-B-DAP CAR T cells both &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;DAP intracellular domains can serve as signaling motifs for CAR, and this new construct enables nonimpaired production of huLym-1-B CAR T cells with potent &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; antitumor efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Master-Slave Locking of Optomechanical Oscillators Over A Long Distance (2014)

We show that two independent mechanical oscillators, placed ~3.2km apart, and separated in frequency by ~80kHz, can be locked in a master-slave configuration, using light. This scheme can be generalised for an arbitrary network configuration.
User-friendly stereoselective one-pot access to 1,4-diazepane derivatives by a cyclodehydrative three-component reaction with 1,3-dicarbonyls (2009)

A multicomponent reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyls with 1,2-diamines and aromatic aldehydes is described for the direct stereoselective synthesis of 1,4-diazepane derivatives. Various reaction conditions were tested, including an efficient, user-friendly solvent- and catalyst-free procedure.
Magnetoinductive waves in 2D periodic arrays of split ring resonators (2012)

Magnetoinductive waves in arrays of split ring resonators (SRRs) have been previously investigated. Here we characterize modes with real and complex wavenumber in two dimensional periodic arrays of SRRs. Each SRR is modeled as a single magnetic dipole, and the retrieval of the complex modal wavenumbers is performed by computing the complex zeroes of the homogeneous scalar equation characterizing the field in the array. The required periodic Green's function is analytically continued into the complex wavenumber space by using the Ewald method. The proposed method allows for the description of each complex mode when varying frequency, complementing previous investigations. In particular, we analyze proper and improper, bound and leaky, magnetoinductive waves.
Fatigue Behavior of Resistance Spot Welded High Strength Steel Sheets with Different Nugget Sizes (2017)

Spot welds are fabricated using high strength and low carbon steel sheets with three different strength levels by a resistance spot welding (RSW) procedure. The nugget sizes are changed by controlling welding process parameters. Subsequently, tensile-shear fatigue tests are conducted to investigate the effects of strength levels of steels and nugget sizes on the fatigue behavior of welds. The fatigue strengths of the welds with 4√t nugget size are nearly the same irrespective of strength levels of steels, because fatigue crack propagation life is dominant in total fatigue life. In the welds with 3√t nugget size, the steel with higher strength exhibits lower joint fatigue strength.
3D Imaging with Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes (2005)

Laser radar (ladar) systems enable many points in a scene to be resolved to produce 3D imagery. Researchers at M.I.T.'s Lincoln Laboratory have built such ladar imaging systems using arrays of silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes - which are capable of detecting as little as a single photon of light - and high-speed, all-digital CMOS timing circuitry in each pixel.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper in Dendrimer Synthesis and Applications of Copper—Dendrimer Systems in Catalysis: A Concise Overview (2013)

Abstract Review: 119 refs.
Preservation of Proteins in Human Plasma through Metal–Organic Framework Encapsulation (2023)

Traditional cold chain systems of collection, transportation, and storage of biofluid specimens for eventual analysis pose a huge financial and environmental burden. These systems are impractical in pre-hospital and resource-limited settings, where refrigeration and electricity are not reliable or even available. Here, we develop an innovative technology using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel class of organic-inorganic hybrids with high thermal stability, as encapsulates for preserving the integrity of protein biomarkers in biofluids under ambient or non-refrigerated storage conditions. We encapsulate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in whole patient plasma using hydrophilic zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) for preservation at 40 °C for 4 weeks and eventual on-demand reconstitution for antibody-based assays with recovery above 95% compared to storage at -20 °C. Without ZIF-90 encapsulation, only 10-30% of the PSA immunoactivity remained. Furthermore, we demonstrate encapsulation of multiple cancer biomarker proteins in whole patient plasma using ZIF-8 or ZIF-90 encapsulants for eventual on-demand reconstitution and analysis after 1 week at 40 °C. Overall, MOF encapsulation of patient biofluids is important as climate change may be affecting the stability and increase costs of maintaining biospecimen cold chain custody for the collection, transportation, and storage of biospecimens prior to analysis or for biobanking regardless of any countries' affluence.
Using of Different Nano Scale Energetic Material Systems for Reactive Bonding (2012)

Abstract not Available.
A Machine Learning Approach to Modulation Detection in Wireless Communications (2021)

Autonomous Modulation Detection (AMD) in the presence of unknown channel conditions is critical in spectrum sensing and channel estimation. Existing works achieve AMD by processing raw spectrum measurement data. However, such approaches are computationally complex and time-consuming in practice. We propose a novel AMD as a conglomeration of symbol level extraction and a simplified machine learning classifier. The salient feature of our work is the development of a symbol level extraction scheme that processes physical layer spectrum measurements. The extracted features further simplify the machine learning model design that not only reduces computational complexity but also increases classification performance. The proposed scheme was evaluated on both software as well as hardware testing platforms. The evaluation results were discussed using different metrics and a comprehensive study on the performance of this scheme is also included in this work.
Iterative Wiener Filter Using a Kronecker Product Decomposition and the Coordinate Descent Method (2023)

In this paper, we present an iterative Wiener filter suitable for the identification of long-length impulse responses that own the low-rank feature. Many real-world systems have these characteristics, e.g., like the network and acoustic echo paths. The proposed algorithm relies on the nearest Kronecker product decomposition of the impulse response and reformulates the original system identification problem (that involves a single long-length filter) into a combination of two much shorter filters. Besides, we use the coordinate descent method to solve the two resulting normal equations. Simulations performed in the context of echo cancellation indicate that the proposed iterative Wiener filter achieves good performance, especially in challenging cases, e.g., less accurate statistics’ estimates and noisy conditions.
Efficient Structured Parsing of Facades Using Dynamic Programming (2014)

We propose a sequential optimization technique for segmenting a rectified image of a facade into semantic categories. Our method retrieves a parsing which respects common architectural constraints and also returns a certificate for global optimality. Contrasting the suggested method, the considered facade labeling problem is typically tackled as a classification task or as grammar parsing. Both approaches are not capable of fully exploiting the regularity of the problem. Therefore, our technique very significantly improves the accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art while being an order of magnitude faster. In addition, in 85% of the test images we obtain a certificate for optimality.
System Simulation for Robot Control Based on AI Approach (2018)

In this paper, we focus on real robot development and control for different surface conditions using an AI based approach. The core components of our existing robot are pressure sensor, servomotor and software-driven microcontroller. We performed robot system simulation for various ground surface conditions to control the robot with respect to pressure-sensing data that incorporates the two-way interactions between robot and ground. We have used an artificial neural network (ANN) approach for pressure-sensor-data analysis. The analysis result shows that above 25 hidden neurons and an increasing number of training cycles will deliver better performance in terms of mean square error (mse), learning time and improved nearest surface-pattern recognition. The analysis results are useful for next generation AI-chip development for real-time robot control and movement.
Biochemical Activities of Trimetoquinol Analogs at Human β<sub>1</sub>- and β<sub>3</sub>-Adrenergic Receptors (2001)

The biochemical activities of trimetoquinol (TMQ) analogs were evaluated at the human beta(1)- and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. In radioligand binding assays, the 1-benzyl iodine-substituted analogs exhibited higher binding affinities at both beta(1)- and beta(3)-AR subtype as compared to TMQ. In cAMP accumulation assays, these analogs exhibited high potencies at both beta(1)- and beta(3)-AR. The 3',5'-diiodo-4'-amino analog of TMQ was the most potent beta(3)-AR agonist, 17-fold more potent at the beta(3)-AR versus the beta(1)-AR. Masking of the 6,7-dihydroxy group of the catechol ring of 3',5'-diiodo-4'-acetamido analog of TMQ, a potent beta(1)- and beta(3)-AR agonist, abolished activity at both beta-AR subtypes. Furthermore, substitution of a strong electron withdrawing group such as the trifluoromethyl moiety at the 1-benzyl ring of TMQ dramatically decreased potency at beta(1)- and beta(3)-AR compared to TMQ. Replacement of the 1-benzyl ring of TMQ with a naphthalene ring did not alter affinity but reduced potency of resulting 1-naphthylmethyl and 2-naphthylmethyl analogs at beta(1)- and beta(3)-AR compared to TMQ. Our results define the structural and electronic properties of substituents on TMQ necessary for potent activation of beta(1)- and beta(3)-AR and suggest that further modifications of the 1-benzyl iodine-substituted analogs may yield potent beta(3)-AR agonists.
An ultrahigh-speed video camera and its applications (2003)

We have developed an ultra high-speed video camera announced by Etoh at the 24<sup>th</sup> ICHSPP. This new camera can capture 100 continuous images with a frame rate of up to 1,000,000 frames per second (fps). It comprises a new developed single-chip CCD image sensor called In-situ Storage Image Sensor (ISIS). The spatial resolution is 312 x 260 pixels and this high resolution is kept even at the maximum frame rate. This camera enables us to observe the fast phenomena, which could not be seen before. The principle of this system and some applications are introduced.
The effect of carrier and carrier priming on the kinetics and pattern of somatic mutation in the VϰOx1 gene (1995)

Priming mice with a chicken gamma globulin (CGG) carrier protein significantly accelerated the onset of somatic mutation in the V chi Ox1 gene when the mice were subsequently immunized with 2-phenyl-5-oxazolone (phOx) coupled to CGG. The first mutations were already detected 7 days after immunization, while in the true primary response, they are not apparent until day 10. It was also found that comparing the mutation pattern of V chi Ox1 genes from hybridomas derived after immunization with phOx coupled to different carriers revealed quite distinct patterns of somatic mutation. Analysis of hybridoma sequences from the primary immune response to phOx-ovalbumin showed that the codons for Ser29, Ser31 and Lys45 were hot-spots for somatic mutation. Thus, the frequency and pattern of somatic mutations in the V chi Ox1 gene depends on the available T cell help as well as on the complex structure of the immunizing antigen.
Common age-related eye diseases and visual impairment (2017)

General physicians have an essential role in preventing vision loss in older people. However, most vision-threatening eye disorders are initially asymptomatic and often go underdiagnosed. Therefore screening, early detection, and timely intervention are important in their management. The most common cause of visual impairment is uncorrected or undercorrected refractive error, followed by cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Spectacles and cataract surgery can successfully restore sight for uncorrected refractive error and cataract, respectively. Visual impairment as a result of age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy can be prevented with appropriate treatment if they are identified early enough. This chapter provides an overview of common age-related eye disease and visual impairment.
Modeling of magnetoliposome uptake in human pancreatic tumor cells in vitro (2019)

The internalization kinetics resulting from magnetic nanoparticle interactions with tumor cells play an important role in nanoparticle-based cancer treatment efficiency. Here, the uptake kinetics of magnetoliposomes (ML) into human pancreatic tumor cells (MiaPaCa-2 and BxPC-3) are quantified using magnetic particle spectrometry. A comparison to the uptake kinetics for healthy L929 cells is given. The experimental results are used for the development of an uptake kinetics model describing the three relevant internalization processes: ML adsorption to the cell membrane, endo- and exocytosis. By fitting of experimental data, the rate constant of each internalization process is determined enabling the prediction of internalized ML at any incubation time. After seven hours incubation time, MiaPaCa-2 internalized three times more ML than BxPC-3 and L929 cells even though their ML adsorption rate constants were nearly the same. As the interaction of the ML with the cell membrane is non-specific, the uptake kinetics mirror the individual cell response to ML internalization. With a new mathematical term to cover the exocytosis contribution to the overall internalization process, the extended uptake kinetics model offers new possibilities to analyze the specific internalization mechanism for other nanoparticle and cell types.