gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Response of Closed Loop Dual Active Bridge Converter Using Combined Feedback and Feed-forward Control (2019)

In this paper, a feedforward based controller has been proposed for a single phase shift dual active bridge. Typically, the output voltage or power of a dual active bridge converter is controlled by means of the phase shift between the primary and secondary bridges. A feedback based controller can correct the steady state errors and track a set point, but it is usually sluggish in response and has a limited bandwidth. Based on parameter measuring technique, the bandwidth can even reduce further causing the overall system unsuitable for fast response application. In this work a combined feedforward and feedback controller has been proposed where the feedforward term is calculated based on the limited system model available. It is seen that the combined controller greatly improves the response time and voltage overshoots. Modeling error or system degradation can cause inaccuracies over time, even for the combined controller, hence an adaptive gain correction mechanism is introduced for the feedforward controller which improves the feedforward gain with each load transient making it insensitive to modeling error or system degradation. The proposed controller is developed theoretically and verified in Matlab. A simulation model is developed in PSIM environment, which further validates the system behavior using the proposed controller.
Development and validation of a model for quantifying glenohumeral ligament strains during function (2012)

Analysis of the function of glenohumeral ligaments (GHLs) during physical joint manipulations is hindered by an inability to adequately image these tissues during the movements. This restricts functional biomechanics studies only to the manoeuvres that may be replicated cadaverically. There is, however, a clinical imperative to be able to investigate complex manoeuvres that exacerbate symptoms but cannot be easily conducted physically in the laboratory. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an algorithm for a computer simulation model that allows the quantification of glenohumeral ligament lengths during function. Datasets of the humerus and scapula pair were segmented to provide individual surface meshes of the bones and insertion points of each glenohumeral ligament on both bones. An algorithm was developed in which the glenohumeral ligament attachment-to-attachment length was divided into two straight lines, plus an arc overlaying the spherical wrapping portions. The model was validated by simulating two classical cadaveric studies from the literature and comparing results. Predictions from the model were qualitatively similar to the results of the two cadaveric studies by a factor of 91.7% and 81.8%, respectively. Algorithm application will allow investigation of functional loading of the glenohumeral ligaments during simulated complex motions. This could then be used to provide diagnostic understanding and thus, inform surgical reconstruction.
Multi-Robot Work Assignment Methods for Effectiveness Improvement of Deploying Service Robots (2019)

Service robot is an emerging robotic application. To be approved as an assistant or replacement for human employee, the robots should be able to solve team-level task effectively and thereby achieve high productivity. With regarded to the point, work assignment mechanism for multiple robots is essential. This paper originally gives a novel definition of effectiveness of deploying service robots from the viewpoint of multi-robot management, and then proposes a pack of multi-robot work assignment methods to improve the effectiveness by making service robots more accessible to the people who want to or are willing to use service robots. Simulation results demonstrated an improvement in the effectiveness of service deployment especially for application scenarios where the possibility of robot users is geographically uneven or changes over time.
Interpars: An Anatomical Examination of the Lumbar Pars Interarticulares with Significance for Spinal Decompression (2014)

Background. Spine procedures continue to increase significantly. As such, a more precise understanding of the anatomy, especially the pars interarticularis (PI) is critical. Current data characterizing the PI level-by-level is lacking. This study analyzed the average PI width at each level of the lumbar spine in order to elucidate statistically significant PI variations between lumbar levels. Methods. The interpars distance, the narrowest distance between the lateral edges of the left and right PI, was mea- sured directly with calipers on 53 complete lumbar speci- mens and digitally via Fastrack measurements of 30 sets of lumbar vertebrae. For both methods, the mean interpars distances were compared moving down the lumbar spine. Results. For direct measurements, the average interpars distances increased from L2 to L5. Analysis revealed sig- nificant differences across all levels. A significant difference was noted between male and female vertebrae only at L1. For Fastrack measurements, the average interpars distances also increased from L2 to L5. An increase in spinal canal width was observed across all but L1-L2, and an increase in the interpars-to-spinal-canal-width ratio was noted at all levels except L1-L2 and L4-L5. Conclusions. The amount of bone in the PI available for surgical removal becomes smaller moving from L5 to L1. There is a larger “margin-for-error” at L4 and L5 when decompressing the spinal canal from one side to the other than there is in the upper lumbar spine. At L1 and L2, de- compressing the entire width of the spinal canal leaves only a millimeter of remaining pars on either side. Care should be taken to use “undercutting techniques” in upper lumbar decompressions to preserve the PI.
Augmented Lipocalin-2 Is Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Counteracts Lung Adenocarcinoma Development (2020)

<b>Rationale:</b> Early pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains largely unknown. We found that, relative to wild-type littermates, the innate immunomodulator <i>Lcn2</i> (lipocalin-2) was increased in normal airways from mice with knockout of the airway lineage gene <i>Gprc5a</i> (<i>Gprc5a</i><sup>-/-</sup>) and that are prone to developing inflammation and LUAD. Yet, the role of LCN2 in lung inflammation and LUAD is poorly understood.<b>Objectives:</b> Delineate the role of <i>Lcn2</i> induction in LUAD pathogenesis.<b>Methods:</b> Normal airway brushings, uninvolved lung tissues, and tumors from <i>Gprc5a</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice before and after tobacco carcinogen exposure were analyzed by RNA sequencing. <i>LCN2</i> mRNA was analyzed in public and in-house data sets of LUAD, lung squamous cancer (LUSC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and LUAD/LUSC with COPD. LCN2 protein was immunohistochemically analyzed in a tissue microarray of 510 tumors. Temporal lung tumor development, gene expression programs, and host immune responses were compared between <i>Gprc5a</i><sup>-/-</sup> and <i>Gprc5a</i><sup>-/-</sup>/<i>Lcn2</i><sup>-/-</sup> littermates.<b>Measurements and Main Results:</b><i>Lcn2</i> was progressively elevated during LUAD development and positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation gene sets. <i>LCN2</i> was distinctively elevated in human LUADs, but not in LUSCs, relative to normal lungs and was associated with COPD among smokers and patients with LUAD. Relative to <i>Gprc5a</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, <i>Gprc5a</i><sup>-/-</sup>/<i>Lcn2</i><sup>-/-</sup> littermates exhibited significantly increased lung tumor development concomitant with reduced T-cell abundance (CD4<sup>+</sup>) and richness, attenuated antitumor immune gene programs, and increased immune cell expression of protumor inflammatory cytokines.<b>Conclusions:</b> Augmented LCN2 expression is a molecular feature of COPD-associated LUAD and counteracts LUAD development <i>in vivo</i> by maintaining antitumor immunity.
Electron Microscopy Study of Porous and Co Functionalized BaTiO3 Thin Films (2012)

Multiferroics are currently of great interest for applications in microelectronics namely in future data storage and spintronic devices. These materials couple simultaneously ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties and have potentially different applications resulting from the coupling between their dual order parameters. A true multiferroic material is single phase. However, the known true multiferroic materials possess insufficient coupling between the two phenomena or their magnetoelectric response occurs at temperatures too low to be useful in practical applications. But a tremendous progress in the field of microelectronics can be expected if one is able to design an effective multiferroic material with ideal coupling of the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties to suit a particular application. Within this context composite structures are gaining considerable interest and different strategies in terms of materials microstructure have been proposed including horizontal multilayers and vertical heterostructures. In the horizontal multilayer heterostructures, the alternating layers of conventional ferro/ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric phases are grown, while in the vertical heterostructures nanopillars of the ferro/ferrimagnetic phase are embedded in a ferroelectric matrix. The later structures show advantages over the first ones because promote larger interfacial surface area and are intrinsically heteroepitaxial in three dimensions; which is expected to allow a stronger coupling between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components.
Unifying modeling substrate for irrigation cyber-physical systems: poster abstract (2016)

CPS's multi-domain nature is difficult to capture using existing modeling approaches, which produce compartmentalized and complex system simulation models. Unifying models of multi-domain physical phenomena and processes, and man-made artifacts into a single modeling substrate will enable enhanced design of intelligent control algorithms and analytics. Moreover, with use of known modeling abstractions, which describe the physical ordinary differential equation (ODE) relationships by introducing model components, such as those found in Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools, models of the physical world, e.g. irrigation systems, integrated with models of cyber world, e.g. electrical circuits, can be analyzed using existing tools. This can be done by using analogies between hydraulic, electrical, mechanical, etc. (e.g Table 1). For example, we developed soil moisture transient electrical circuit model for the next generation of Irrigation CPS.
Pulsed laser deposition of ITO/AZO transparent contact layers for GaN LED applications (2011)

In this study, indium-tin oxide (ITO)/Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) composite films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and used as transparent contact layers (TCLs) in GaN-based blue light emitting diodes (LEDs). The ITO/AZO TCLs were composed of the thin ITO (50 nm) films and AZO films with various thicknesses from 200 to 1000 nm. Conventional LED with ITO (200 nm) TCL prepared by E-beam evaporation was fabricated and characterized for comparison. From the transmittance spectra, the ITO/AZO films exhibited high transparency above 90% at wavelength of 465 nm. The sheet resistance of ITO/AZO TCL decreased as the AZO thickness increased, which could be attributed to the increase in a carrier concentration, leading to a decrease in the forward bias of LED. The LEDs with ITO/AZO composite TCLs showed better light extraction as compared to LED with ITO TCL in compliance with simulation. When an injection current of 20 mA was applied, the output power for LEDs fabricated with ITO/AZO TCLs had 45%, 63%, and 71% enhancement as compared with those fabricated using ITO (200 nm) TCL for the AZO thicknesses of 200, 460, and 1000 nm, respectively.
Battery Internal Short Detection Methodology Using Cell Swelling Measurements (2020)

Li-ion battery internal short circuits are a major safety issue for electric vehicles, and can lead to serious consequences such as battery thermal runaway. An internal short can be caused by mechanical abuse, high temperature, overcharging, and lithium plating. The low impedance or hard internal short circuit is the most dangerous kind. The high internal current flow can lead to battery temperature increase, thermal runaway, and even explosion in a few seconds. Algorithms that can quickly detect such serious events with a high confidence level and which are robust to sensor noise are needed to ensure passenger safety. False positives are also undesirable as many thermal runaway mitigation techniques, such as activating pyrotechnic safety switches, would disable the vehicle. Conventional methods of battery internal short detection, including voltage and surface temperature based algorithms, work well for a single cell. However, these methods are difficult to apply in large scale battery packs with many parallel cells. In this study, we propose a new internal short detection method by using cell swelling information during the early stages of a battery heating caused by an internal short circuit. By measuring cell expansion force, higher confidence level detection can be achieved for an internal short circuit in an electric vehicle scale battery pack.
Computational Approaches to Sentence Completion (2012)

This paper studies the problem of sentence-level semantic coherence by answering SAT-style sentence completion questions. These questions test the ability of algorithms to dis-tinguish sense from nonsense based on a vari-ety of sentence-level phenomena. We tackle the problem with two approaches: methods that use local lexical information, such as the n-grams of a classical language model; and methods that evaluate global coherence, such as latent semantic analysis. We evaluate these methods on a suite of practice SAT questions, and on a recently released sentence comple-tion task based on data taken from five Conan Doyle novels. We find that by fusing local and global information, we can exceed 50% on this task (chance baseline is 20%), and we suggest some avenues for further research. 1
Blending freeform and managed information in tables (NIER track) (2011)

Tables are an important tool used by business analysts engaged in early requirements activities (in fact it is safe to say that tables appeal to many other types of user, in a variety of activities and domains). Business analysts typically use the tables provided by office tools. These tables offer great flexibility, but no underlying model, and hence no consistency management, multiple views or other advantages familiar to the users of modeling tools. Modeling tools, however, are usually too rigid for business analysts. In this paper we present a flexible modeling approach to tables, which combines the advantages of both office and modeling tools. Freeform information can co-exist with information managed by an underlying model, and an incremental formalization approach allows each item of information to transition fluidly between freeform and managed. As the model evolves, it is used to guide the user in the process of formalizing any remaining freeform information. The model therefore helps users without restricting them. Early feedback is described, and the approach is analyzed briefly in terms of cognitive dimensions.
Identification and prediction of piping system noise (2005)

In a power plant environment, the piping systems form a network that extends throughout the facility. Various components can be major sources of in-plant and community noise, both the pipe and the contained fluid can be propagation paths, and radiation can occur from the external surface. Though the basics of these phenomena may be understood, the translation into workable predictive tools has been slow. Too often, source, propagation, and radiation effects are treated as separate entities without allowing for the interactions that exist. The spectral characteristics of the sources will govern the type of response by the system. Pipe transmission loss models will change in pipe to duct transition areas. The status of these concepts will be reviewed with a discussion of current and possible future efforts to improve existing models.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic Aryl‐ and Heteroarylpiperazinyl Imides as 5‐HT1A Receptor Ligands and Potential Anxiolytic Agents: Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies. (1988)

Abstract The title compounds, e.g. (V) or (IX), are prepared from polycyclic imides such as (I) and (VIII) by consecutive coupling with 1,4‐dibromobutane (II) and a mono‐substituted piperazine such as (IV) or directly from polycyclic anhydrides such as (VI) and the aminobutylpiperazines (VII).
Atypical Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture and Hip Osteoarthritis Treated with a Revision Monoblock Stem and Strut Allograft (2020)

When an atypical femur fracture coexists with hip osteoarthritis, total hip arthroplasty may be a reasonable treatment option to address the fracture and concomitant hip osteoarthritis with a single surgical intervention. However, consideration should be given to using a stem with distal fixation and augmenting the construct with a strut allograft.
Lateral soft-tissue structures contribute to cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty stability (2016)

Little information is available to surgeons regarding how the lateral structures prevent instability in the replaced knee. The aim of this study was to quantify the lateral soft-tissue contributions to stability following cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (CR TKA). Nine cadaveric knees were tested in a robotic system at full extension, 30°, 60°, and 90° flexion angles. In both native and CR implanted states, ±90 N anterior-posterior force, ±8 Nm varus-valgus, and ±5 Nm internal-external torque were applied. The anterolateral structures (ALS, including the iliotibial band), the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), the popliteus tendon complex (Pop T), and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were transected and their relative contributions to stabilizing the applied loads were quantified. The LCL was found to be the primary restraint to varus laxity (an average 56% across all flexion angles), and was significant in internal-external rotational stability (28% and 26%, respectively) and anterior drawer (16%). The ALS restrained 25% of internal rotation, while the PCL was significant in posterior drawer only at 60° and 90° flexion. The Pop T was not found to be significant in any tests. Therefore, the LCL was confirmed as the major lateral structure in CR TKA stability throughout the arc of flexion and deficiency could present a complex rotational laxity that cannot be overcome by the other passive lateral structures or the PCL. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1902-1909, 2017.
FEM modeling and histological analyses on thermal damage induced in facial skin resurfacing procedure with different CO 2 laser pulse duration (2011)

Laser light is nowadays routinely used in the aesthetic treatments of facial skin, such as in laser rejuvenation, scar removal etc. The induced thermal damage may be varied by setting different laser parameters, in order to obtain a particular aesthetic result. In this work, it is proposed a theoretical study on the induced thermal damage in the deep tissue, by considering different laser pulse duration. The study is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM): a bidimensional model of the facial skin is depicted in axial symmetry, considering the different skin structures and their different optical and thermal parameters; the conversion of laser light into thermal energy is modeled by the bio-heat equation. The light source is a CO<sub>2</sub> laser, with different pulse durations. The model enabled to study the thermal damage induced into the skin, by calculating the Arrhenius integral. The post-processing results enabled to study in space and time the temperature dynamics induced in the facial skin, to study the eventual cumulative effects of subsequent laser pulses and to optimize the procedure for applications in dermatological surgery. The calculated data where then validated in an experimental measurement session, performed in a sheep animal model. Histological analyses were performed on the treated tissues, evidencing the spatial distribution and the entity of the thermal damage in the collageneous tissue. Modeling and experimental results were in good agreement, and they were used to design a new optimized laser based skin resurfacing procedure.
Influenza Immunization Practices and Policies for Health Care Students in Canada (2013)

There is considerable variability in the delivery of influenza vaccine to health care students across Canada. Coordinated programs may be desirable where delivery programs do not already exist.
Host Defence (Antimicrobial) Peptides and Proteins (2013)

Abstract Host defence (antimicrobial) peptides are small cationic peptides that contain several hydrophobic amino acids. Such peptides typically form amphipathic structures in membrane‐mimicking environments, which contribute to peptide activity on essential membrane‐dependent processes, membrane permeabilisation and/or cell penetration. Host defence peptides (HDPs) have a variety of biological properties, including profound immune‐modulating properties and direct antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic and anticancer activities. Thus, HDPs are important effectors of the immune system; however, the effector functions of these peptides are often heavily dependent on their microenvironment. The direct antibacterial properties of many peptides are eliminated in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of cations and polyanions, although the immune‐modulating properties of these peptides persist under these conditions even in the presence of serum. The immune‐modulating properties are anti‐infective and include chemokine induction and host cell recruitment/differentiation, antiinflammatory activity, promotion of effective adaptive immunity and wound healing activity. Using human peptides as examples, the biological properties of HDPs are discussed herein in an attempt to expose their potential as templates for novel therapeutic agents. Key Concepts: The direct antimicrobial properties of small cationic peptides are often eliminated in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of serum and salt; thus they are more accurately described as host defence peptides. The immunomodulatory properties of host defence peptides are complex, have been confirmed in vivo , and contribute to anti‐infective immunity. Humans express several defensins and one cathelicidin (hCAP‐18/LL‐37). Human defensins and cathelicidins are produced by many cell types and have many biological properties, including the ability to destroy pathogens and alter immune responses. Host defence peptides can be modified to improve their biological activities.