gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Process window modeling using compact models (2004)

Traditionally, there has been a clear separation between TCAD and full chip simulation tools. While TCAD is normally used during process development, it remains outside the realm of full chip corrections due to its long runtime requirements. One of the key components of a model-based OPC tool is fast and reliable CD prediction of all features present in the design layout, usually at the best point in the process window. Such models exist today, and are routinely used in production. However, there is also a growing need to make more informed decisions about the tradeoffs between accuracy, correction and turn around time. For this reason we need to develop techniques that enable full chip simulations across a variety of process conditions. It was previously shown that a combination of optical vector and variable threshold models can be calibrated to predict well across multiple focus conditions, however dose predictions have not yet been studied. In principle, the possibility of having models that predict process window behavior exists today by calibrating empirical models separately at every one of the process conditions under investigation. However, this method has two clear disadvantages. On the one hand, it cannot guarantee that such models can be extrapolated to conditions other than those used for their calibration, thus not making it possible to provide models "on demand" for arbitrary focus and dose values. And on the other hand, a substantial additional effort is required for creating models at more than one process condition. This work concentrates in listing the requirements to evaluate the robustness of any process window model as well as showing how a well-calibrated compact model can be used to predict -within metrology uncertainty- dose and defocus induced changes for a wide variety of features. While such capability has a number of applications, we will describe a methodology for IC-product verification.
Rapid Classification of Imaged Phytoplankton Using Multivariate Optical Computing. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Erodible Conducting Polymers for Potential Biomedical Applications (2002)

Leitfähige Filme und Kügelchen aus β-substituierten Polypyrrolen (siehe Bild; R=H, CH3) zersetzen sich in wässrigen Lösungen in Abhängigkeit vom pH-Wert; die Abbaugeschwindigkeit lässt sich durch strukturelle Unterschiede in den Polymerseitenketten beeinflussen. Diese leitfähigen Materialien unterstützen die Anheftung, Proliferation und Differenzierung von humanen Primärzellen, was für biomedizinische Anwendungen von Interesse sein könnte.
Notiz über eine regiospezifische Methode zur Herstellung von konjugierten Cyclohexadienen Über synthetische Methoden, 11. Mitteilung (1975)

Abstract β,γ‐unsaturated δ‐hydroxy‐cyclohexene carboxylic acids undergo a smooth decarboxylative elimination when treated with DMF‐dineopentylacetal in an unpolar solvent. The reaction provides a method for the regiospecific preparation of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene derivatives under non‐isomerizing conditions, starting from easily accessible and structurally variable intermediates.
Insights into Channel Architecture and Substrate Specificity from Crystal Structures of Two Macrocycle-Forming Thioesterases of Modular Polyketide Synthases, (2002)

Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) synthesize the polyketide cores of pharmacologically important natural products such as erythromycin and picromycin. Understanding PKSs at high resolution could present new opportunities for chemoenzymatic synthesis of complex molecules. The crystal structures of macrocycle-forming thioesterase (TE) domains from the picromycin synthase (PICS) and 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) were determined to 1.8-3.0 A with an R(crys) of 19.2-24.4%, including three structures of PICS TE (crystallized at pH 7.6, 8.0, and 8.4) and a second crystal form of DEBS TE. As predicted by the previous work on DEBS TE [Tsai, S. C., et al. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 14808-14813], PICS TE contains an open substrate channel and a hydrophobic dimer interface. Notwithstanding their similarity, the dimer interfaces and substrate channels of DEBS TE and PICS TE reveal key differences. The structural basis for the divergent substrate specificities of DEBS TE and PICS TE is analyzed. The size of the substrate channel increases with increasing pH, presumably due to electrostatic repulsion in the channel at elevated pH. Together, these structures support previous predictions that macrocycle-forming thioesterases from PKSs share the same protein fold, an open substrate channel, a similar catalytic mechanism, and a hydrophobic dimer interface. They also provide a basis for the design of enzymes capable of catalyzing regioselective macrocyclization of natural or synthetic substrates. A series of high-resolution snapshots of a protein channel at different pHs is presented alongside analysis of channel residues, which could help in the redesign of the protein channel architecture.
Radio Frequency Ablation Registration, Segmentation, and Fusion Tool (2006)

The radio frequency ablation segmentation tool (RFAST) is a software application developed using the National Institutes of Health's medical image processing analysis and visualization (MIPAV) API for the specific purpose of assisting physicians in the planning of radio frequency ablation (RFA) procedures. The RFAST application sequentially leads the physician through the steps necessary to register, fuse, segment, visualize, and plan the RFA treatment. Three-dimensional volume visualization of the CT dataset with segmented three dimensional (3-D) surface models enables the physician to interactively position the ablation probe to simulate burns and to semimanually simulate sphere packing in an attempt to optimize probe placement. This paper describes software systems contained in RFAST to address the needs of clinicians in planning, evaluating, and simulating RFA treatments of malignant hepatic tissue.
Virtually Instantaneous, Room-Temperature [11C]-Cyanation Using Biaryl Phosphine Pd(0) Complexes (2015)

A new radiosynthetic protocol for the preparation of [(11)C]aryl nitriles has been developed. This process is based on the direct reaction of in situ prepared L·Pd(Ar)X complexes (L = biaryl phosphine) with [(11)C]HCN. The strategy is operationally simple, exhibits a remarkably wide substrate scope with short reaction times, and demonstrates superior reactivity compared to previously reported systems. With this procedure, a variety of [(11)C]nitrile-containing pharmaceuticals were prepared with high radiochemical efficiency.
Spatial filtering by using cascading plasmonic gratings (2009)

In this study, the optical properties of a plasmonic multilayer structure, consisting of two longitudinally cascaded gratings with a half pitch off-set, are investigated. The proposed structure, which is a system mixing extended and localized surface plasmon, forms transversely cascaded metal/insulator/metal cavities. The angle dependent reflection spectrum of the proposed structure displays a resonance peak at a specific angle. The full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the resonant peak is smaller than 3 degrees. The angular dispersion of the cascading plasmonic gratings is about d theta/d lambda =0.15 degrees/nm. The cascading plasmonic gratings can be used as a spatial filter to improve the spatial coherence of a light source.
Transfer of Borrelia Burgdorferi s.s. Infection via Blood Transfusion in a Murine Model (2006)

Without antibiotic treatment, the Lyme-disease-causing bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi can be cultured from the peripheral blood of human patients nearly 6 wk post-tick bite. To determine if Lyme disease spirochetes can be transmitted from a spirochetemic donor mouse to a naive recipient during blood transfusion, blood taken from immunocompetent infected mice was transfused into either immunodeficient (SCID) mice, inbred immunocompetent animals (C3H/HeJ), or outbred mice. Nine of 19 (47.7%) immunodeficient mice, 7 of 15 (46.8%) inbred immunocompetent mice, and 6 of 10 (60.0%) outbred mice became infected with B. burgdorferi after transfusion. Our results indicate that it is possible to acquire B. burgdoferi infection via transfused blood in a mouse model of Lyme borreliosis.
Fault-tolerance and efficiency considerations for key distribution protocols in MANETs. (*) (2003)

In this paper we address the Fault- Tolerance and Efficiency of key distribution protocols for group communications in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Most key distribution protocols that exist today are primarily designed for wireline networks. These protocols either fail to work as intended or cannot work at all when they are applied to the demanding environment of MANETs. The main reasons for this are: frequent node failures, network partitions and merges, inefficient computational and communication capabilities of certain wireless nodes, network delay, bad quality of signal etc. We determine the framework under which protocols can efficiently work in MANETs, design new protocols or modify existing ones, so that they can be robust, scalable and applicable in this environment. We classify these protocols in two families: contributory and non-contributory. We evaluate them from the point of view of MANETs and compare their performance.
Laparoscopic Donor Hepatectomy for Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Recipients (2018)

Even after 2 decades of experience in laparoscopic hepatectomy, data on purely laparoscopic approach for donor hepatectomy in adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are limited. We report our initial experience of a purely laparoscopic approach for donor hepatectomy for adult recipients to explore its potential application in the management of donors. We did a retrospective data analysis of 54 consecutive patients operated on between May 2013 and February 2015. There were 41 right, 10 extended right, and 3 left hepatectomies. The median operative time was 436 minutes (range 294‐684 minutes), and warm ischemia time was 6 minutes (2‐12 minutes). Estimated blood loss was 300 mL (10‐850 mL), and none of the patients required intraoperative transfusion. Four cases were converted to open laparotomy. The major complication rate was 16.7%, and biliary complication was the most frequent cause. Patients with normal anatomy had a major complication rate of 9.3% as compared with 45.5% in patients with anatomic variations. All patients recovered, and there was no mortality. In conclusion, a purely laparoscopic donor hepatectomy for adult LDLT recipients seems to be a feasible option; with careful patient selection and when performed by experienced surgeons, it may afford results comparable to the open method.
High-voltage CD-SEM-based application to monitor 3D profile of high-aspect-ratio features (2020)

Background: In-line metrology for three-dimensional (3D) profiling high-aspect-ratio (HAR) features is highly important for manufacturing semiconductor devices, particularly for memory devices, such as 3D NAND and DRAM. Aim: Our purpose was to obtain the cross-sectional profiles of the HAR features from top-view critical dimension scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM) images. Approach: Based on Monte Carlo simulation results, we proposed a method for 3D profiling of HAR features using backscattered electron (BSE) signal intensities. Several kinds of HAR holes with different taper angles and bowing geometries were fabricated. High-voltage CD-SEM was used for experiments to determine the feasibility of our approach. Results: Using the BSE line-profile, we constructed cross sections of the taper holes and estimated sidewall angles (SWAs), which were approximately the same as those observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The constructed cross sections of the bowing holes and the trends of the geometric variance, which were estimated by the middle CD and its depth, were consistent with the cross sections observed by FE-SEM. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the variation in the HAR holes, such as SWA and bowing geometry, can be measured and monitored using the BSE images.
Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Fibrosis in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Type 2, an Adaptor Protein-3 Complex Disease (2011)

Pulmonary fibrosis develops in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) types 1 and 4. Limited information is available about lung disease in HPS type 2 (HPS-2), which is characterized by abnormal function of the adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) complex. To define lung disease in HPS-2, one child and two adults with HPS-2 were evaluated at the National Institutes of Health on at least two visits, and another child was evaluated at the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio. All four subjects with HPS-2 had findings of interstitial lung disease (ILD) on a high-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest. The predominant feature was ground glass opacification. Subject 1, a 14-year-old male, and subject 4, a 4-year-old male, had severe ILD, pulmonary fibrosis, secondary pulmonary hypertension and recurrent lung infections. Lung biopsy performed at 20 months of age in subject 1 revealed interstitial fibrosis and prominent type II pneumocyte hyperplasia without lamellar body enlargement. Subject 2, a 27-year-old male smoker, had mild ILD. Subject 3, a 22-year-old male nonsmoker and brother of subject 2, had minimal ILD. Severe impairment of gas exchange was found in subjects 1 and 4 and not in subjects 2 or 3. Plasma concentrations of transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-17A correlated with severity of HPS-2 ILD. These data show that children and young adults with HPS-2 and functional defects of the AP-3 complex are at risk for ILD and pulmonary fibrosis.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for constraint satisfaction in switched systems using switch‐robust control invariant sets (2019)

Summary This paper studies the control of constrained systems whose dynamics and constraints switch between a finite set of modes over time according to an exogenous input signal. We define a new type of control invariant sets for switched constrained systems, called switch–robust control invariant (switch‐RCI) sets, that are robust to unknown mode switching and exploit available information on minimum dwell‐time and admissible mode transitions. These switch‐RCI sets are used to derive novel necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a control‐law that guarantees constraint satisfaction in the presence of unknown mode switching with known minimum dwell‐time. The switch‐RCI sets are also used to design a recursively feasible model predictive controller (MPC) that enforces closed‐loop constraint satisfaction for switched constrained systems. We show that our controller is nonconservative in the sense that it enforces constraints on the largest possible domain, ie, constraints can be recursively satisfied if and only if our controller is feasible. The MPC and switch‐RCI sets are demonstrated on a vehicle lane‐changing case study.
Ethnic variation in AMD-associated complement factor H polymorphism p.Tyr402His (2006)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible visual loss in the developed world. Previous studies have demonstrated that the c.1204T>C, p.Tyr402His allelic variant in the complement factor H (CFH) gene is associated with an approximately three-fold increased risk for AMD in Caucasians of predominantly European descent. Both the prevalence as well as the phenotypic spectrum of AMD varies widely among persons of different ethnicities. We hypothesized that populations with a lower prevalence of AMD might also have a lower prevalence of the CFH risk allele. In this study we sought to determine the frequency of this sequence variant in control populations of Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics, Somalis, and Japanese. Normal control populations were assembled for each ethnic group: Caucasian (n=148), Somali (n=128), African American (n=75), Hispanic (n=81), and Japanese (n=82). Individuals were genotyped using a restriction digest assay and the frequency of the C allele at nucleotide position 1204 of the CFH gene was determined. A bioinformatic approach was used to identify SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with rs1061170 (c.1204T>C, p.Tyr402His) from the human haplotype map project database (HapMap) in order to validate the findings. We found widely discordant frequencies of the risk allele between some of the different ethnic groups: Japanese 0.07+/-0.02, Hispanics 0.17+/-0.03, African-Americans 0.35+/-0.04, Caucasians 0.34+/-0.03, and Somalis 0.34+/-0.03. Allele frequencies generated by analysis of the HapMap database were consistent with these findings. This study suggests that there are other yet unidentified genetic factors important in the pathogenesis of AMD that may mitigate the effects of c.1204T>C, p.Tyr402His variant.
Effectiveness of Dexamethasone for Prevention of Shivering Following Cardiac Surgery (1998)

Introduction: Post cardiac surgery shivering (PCSS) is common and may be a result of intraoperative hypothermia [1]. Another possible etiology is fever and chills secondary to activation of the inflammatory response and release of cytokines by cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) [2]. Dexamethasone (DEX) decreases the gradient between core and skin temperature [3]. The goal of this study is to evaluate whether DEX can prevent PCSS by either resetting thermoregulation or inhibiting inflammatory response and release of cytokines associated with fever. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, and informed consent, a prospective, randomized, double blind study was undertaken. 205 patients (pts) for elective coronary and/or valvular surgery were randomly assigned to 2 groups: After induction of anesthesia, but before skin incision, Group D received DEX 0.6 mg/kg, and group P received an equal volume of placebo. All patients received standard monitoring and anesthetic management (combination of benzodiazepines, opiates, and isoflurane). After arrival to the ICU, nurses unaware of the treatment groups recorded visible shivering, as well as skin and pulmonary artery (PA) temperatures (To). Shivering was treated as per the ICU routine with sedation and additional neuro-muscular blockade, as needed. Analysis of shivering rates was done by chi-square tests. Results: Groups D and P were similar in terms of age, gender, duration of anesthesia and CPB, lowest bladder To on CPB, and PA To on admission to the ICU. Skin To on ICU admission was lower in group P (31.8 vs 32.1 [degree sign]C, p=0.036). Compared to group P, group D had a significantly lower incidence of shivering (13.1% vs 33.0%, p<0.001), and a lower peak PA To during the first 6 hours of ICU admission (37.5 vs 37.8 [degree sign]C, p<0.001). When all pts who underwent CPB under hypothermia (lowest bladder To < 35[degree sign]C) were analyzed, DEX pts had a lower incidence of shivering than placebo (17.7% vs 34.3%, p<0.05). When all pts who underwent CPB under normothermia (lowest bladder To >or=to 35[degree sign]C) were analyzed, DEX pts had a lower incidence of shivering than placebo (5.4% vs 30.3%, p<0.01). Group D had a higher peak intraoperative blood glucose than group P (248 vs 234 g/dl, p=0.197). Conclusion: DEX 0.6mg/kg given after induction of anesthesia, but before skin incision reduces the incidence of shivering after cardiac surgery. Although PCSS may result from hypothermia, the effectiveness of DEX in preventing shivering with hypothermic as well as normothermic CPB supports the role of inflammatory response in the etiology of PCSS. Although not statistically significant, the higher blood glucose in group D suggests increased glucose intolerance secondary to DEX.
Inhibition survey with phenolic compounds against the δ- and η-class carbonic anhydrases from the marine diatom thalassiosira weissflogii and protozoan Plasmodium falciparum (2019)

The inhibition of δ- and η-class carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) was poorly investigated so far. Only one δ-CA, TweCA from the diatom <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii,</i> and one η-CA, <i>PfCA,</i> from <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, have been cloned and characterised to date. To enrich δ- and η-CAs inhibition profiles, a panel of 22 phenols was investigated for TweCA and <i>PfCA</i> inhibition. Some derivatives showed effective, sub-micromolar inhibition of TweCA (K<sub>I</sub>s 0.81-65.4 µM) and <i>PfCA</i> (K<sub>I</sub>s 0.62-78.7 µM). A subset of compounds demonstrated a significant selectivity for the target CAs over the human physiologically relevant ones. This study promotes the identification of new potent and selective inhibitors of TweCA and <i>PfCA</i>, which could be considered as leads for finding molecular probes in the study of carbon fixation processes (in which TweCA and orthologue enzymes are involved) or drug candidates in the treatment of malaria.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 123I-labeled pyridyl benzoxazole derivatives: novel β-amyloid imaging probes for single-photon emission computed tomography (2014)

The result in the present study suggested that [<sup>123</sup>I]<bold>9</bold> may be a potential SPECT probe for imaging β-amyloid plaques in the brains of patient with Alzheimer's disease.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Progesterone Receptor Signaling in the Microenvironment of Endometrial Cancer Influences Its Response to Hormonal Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 306K, Over-expression of the human progesterone receptor (hPR) with a lentivirus in the tumor stroma.&lt;/p&gt;
THE EFFECT OF AN OESTROGENIC STEROID ON THE SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE UNDER DIFFERENT HORMONAL ENVIRONMENTS (1973)

ABSTRACT The effect of mestranol was studied on the secondary antibody response in mice under different hormonal environments. The results revealed that in the intact and ovariectomized animals treated with the oestrogen, the antibody response was of the parabolic type. In adrenalectomized mice, the administration of the steroid resulted in appreciably elevated levels of anti-tetanus antibodies. The response obtained was similar in animals receiving both the low and high doses of the oestrogen. Removal of both the ovaries and the adrenals resulted in marked increases in the antibody levels. Thus mestranol exerts an enhancing effect on the secondary antibody response in mice. This enhancement is, however, modified and regulated by the endogenous ovarian and adrenal hormones.
Low power capacitive humidity sensor readout IC with on-chip temperature sensor and full digital output for USN applications (2009)

In this paper, a low power CMOS integrated capacitance-to-frequency converter with on-chip temperature sensor and fully digital output designed for humidity sensor interface is newly proposed, which is manufactured by using a standard 0.35 ¿m 2P/3M CMOS process. This ROIC (readout IC) consists of on-chip PTAT temperature sensing circuit, low power temperature-to-frequency converter, low power C-F converter, digital compensation circuit, OTP memory, control logic and serial I/O circuits. Capacitance interfacing capability of the circuit is ultra-wide, up to 350 pF, which is higher than previously reported works. At a clock speed of 1 MHz, the average power dissipation is as low as about 150 ¿W with one humidity measurement per one second, which is lower than ever reported works. And the minimum detectable capacitance is as low as about 4.5 fF.