gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on fluorescent cholesterol analogs as versatile cellular reporters (2015)

Cholesterol (Chol) is a crucial component of cellular membranes, but knowledge of its intracellular dynamics is scarce. Thus, it is of utmost interest to develop tools for visualization of Chol organization and dynamics in cells and tissues. For this purpose, many studies make use of fluorescently labeled Chol analogs. Unfortunately, the introduction of the label may influence the characteristics of the analog, such as its localization, interaction, and trafficking in cells; hence, it is important to get knowledge of such bias. In this report, we compared different fluorescent lipid analogs for their performance in cellular assays: 1) plasma membrane incorporation, specifically the preference for more ordered membrane environments in phase-separated giant unilamellar vesicles and giant plasma membrane vesicles; 2) cellular trafficking, specifically subcellular localization in Niemann-Pick type C disease cells; and 3) applicability in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)-based and super-resolution stimulated emission depletion-FCS-based measurements of membrane diffusion dynamics. The analogs exhibited strong differences, with some indicating positive performance in the membrane-based experiments and others in the intracellular trafficking assay. However, none showed positive performance in all assays. Our results constitute a concise guide for the careful use of fluorescent Chol analogs in visualizing cellular Chol dynamics.
Robust Design of Linear MIMO Transceiver for Low SNR (2006)

In practical systems, the design of linear MIMO transceivers should be robust to partial or imperfect channel state information (CSI). This paper considers the case in which only the second-order statistics of the channel is known at the transmitter while the receiver has a perfect CSI. In such a case, it is possible to optimally design robust MIMO transceivers based on a general cost function covering several well known performance criteria. In particular, two families are considered in detail: Schur-convex and Schur-concave functions. Approximations are used in the low SNR regime to obtain simple optimization problems that can be readily solved. Numerical examples show substantial gains compared to other methods
Cardiac Valve Position Prediction in CINE-BSSFP Images Using SURF (2010)

The interest point detector and region descriptor SURF finds features in every image/phase of a series of CINE-bSSFP images. By the help of user input, the best feature is selected in a Matlab program and corresponding features are automatically detected. If no feature is found within preset limits, it is created by linear interpolation. User indicated points of interest are described as a function of the position and diameter of the feature (all in the first image/phase), and can therefore be repositioned based on the corresponding features in the succeeding images/phases. This method provides reliable fast online valve position detection.
Thermal Evaluation of 2.5-D Integration Using Bridge-Chip Technology: Challenges and Opportunities (2017)

In this paper, 2.5-D integrated circuits (ICs) using bridge-chip technology are thermally evaluated to investigate thermal challenges and opportunities for such multi-die packages. To this end, the objectives of this paper are twofold. First, thermal benchmarking of a number of 2.5-D integration approaches is performed and compared to 3-D ICs for completeness. Thermal modeling shows that the evaluated 2.5-D integration approaches exhibit similar thermal characteristics, but show significant improvements compared to 3-D IC solutions with the same power consumption. Second, this paper explores bridge-chip-based 2.5-D integrated systems as a function of bridge-chip thickness, thermal interface material properties, microbump properties, die thickness, die thickness mismatch, and die-to-die spacing along with transient analysis to investigate time-domain thermal coupling. Results suggest that a die thickness mismatch of 100 μm can increase the maximum temperature by 25.8% Therefore, the die thickness mismatch should be kept as small as possible, and the hottest die should be the thickest. Moreover, reducing die-to-die space from 1 to 0 mm increases thermal coupling, and the low-power dice, such as DRAM, can have a temperature increase of 6.1%.
Melatonin ameliorates hypoglycemic stress‐induced brain endothelial tight junction injury by inhibiting protein nitration of TP53‐induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (2017)

Severe hypoglycemia has a detrimental impact on the cerebrovasculature, but the molecular events that lead to the disruption of the integrity of the tight junctions remain unclear. Here, we report that the microvessel integrity was dramatically compromised (59.41% of wild-type mice) in TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) transgenic mice stressed by hypoglycemia. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against hypoglycemic stress-induced brain endothelial tight junction injury in the dosage of 400 nmol/L in vitro. FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) imaging data of endothelial cells stressed by low glucose revealed that TIGAR couples with calmodulin to promote TIGAR tyrosine nitration. A tyrosine 92 mutation interferes with the TIGAR-dependent NADPH generation (55.60% decreased) and abolishes its protective effect on tight junctions in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. We further demonstrate that the low-glucose-induced disruption of occludin and Caludin5 as well as activation of autophagy was abrogated by melatonin-mediated blockade of nitrosative stress in vitro. Collectively, we provide information on the detailed molecular mechanisms for the protective actions of melatonin on brain endothelial tight junctions and suggest that this indole has translational potential for severe hypoglycemia-induced neurovascular damage.
Highly Selective Addition of Chiral, Sulfonimidoyl Substituted Bis(allyl)titanium Complexes to N-Sulfonyl α-Imino Esters:  Asymmetric Synthesis of γ,δ-Unsaturated α-Amino Acids Bearing a Chiral, Electron-Withdrawing Nucleofuge at the δ-Position (2002)

Selective addition of the chiral, sulfonimidoyl substituted bis(allyl)titanium complexes 5a-d, which are configurationally labile in regard to the Calpha-atoms, to N-toluenesulfonyl (Ts)-, N-2-trimethylsilylethanesulfonyl (SES)-, and N-tert-butylsulfonyl (Bus) alpha-imino ester (9a-c) in the presence of Ti(OiPr)(4) and ClTi(OiPr)(3) afforded with high regio- and diastereoselectivities in good yields the (syn, E)-configured beta-alkyl-gamma,delta-unsaturated alpha-amino acid derivatives 2a-g, which carry a chiral, electron-withdrawing nucleofuge at the delta-position and a cyclohexyl, an isopropyl, a phenyl, and a methyl group at the beta-position. Addition of the cyclic bis(allyl)titanium complex 14 to N-Bus alpha-imino ester 9c afforded with similar high regio- and diastereoselectivities the (E)- and (Z)-configured amino acid derivatives (E)-8 and (Z)-8. Reaction of complexes 5a-d with alpha-imino esters 9a-c in the presence of Ti(OiPr)(4) occurs stepwise to give first the mono(allyl)titanium complexes containing 2a-g as ligands, which react in the presence of ClTi(OiPr)(3) with a second molecule of 9a-c with formation of two molecules of 2a-g. Formation of (S,R,E)-configured homoallylic amines 2a-g entails Si,Re,E processes of alpha-imino esters 9a-c with the (R,R)-configured bis(allyl)titanium complexes (R,R)-5a-d and (R)-configured mono(allyl)titanium complexes (R)-17a-d, both of which are most likely in rapid equilibrium with their (S,S)-diastereomers and (S)-diastereomers, respectively. Interestingly, in the reaction of 5a-d with aldehydes, the (S,S)-configured complexes (S,S)-5a-d are the ones which react faster. Reaction of the N-titanated amino acid derivatives Ti-2a and Ti-2b with N-Ts alpha-imino ester 9a led to the highly diastereoselective formation of imidazolidinones 15a and 15b, respectively. Cleavage of the sulfonamide group of the N-Bus amino acid derivative 2d with CF(3)SO(3)H gave quantitatively the sulfonimidoyl functionalized amino acid H-2d. A Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of the amino acid derivative 2e with ZnPh(2) led to a substitution of the sulfonimidoyl group by a phenyl group and furnished the enantiomerically pure protected alpha-amino acid Bus-1. Two new N-sulfonyl alpha-imino esters, the SES and the Bus alpha-imino esters 9b and 9c, respectively, have been synthesized from the corresponding sulfonamides by the Kresze method in medium to good yields. The N-SES alpha-imino ester 9b and the N-Bus alpha-imino ester 9c should find many synthetic applications, in particular, in cases where the N-Ts alpha-imino ester 9a had been used before.
Remarks on strong stabilization and stable H/sup /spl infin// controller design (2005)

A state space based design method is given to find strongly stabilizing controllers for multiple-input-multiple-output plants (MIMO). A sufficient condition is derived for the existence of suboptimal stable H/sup /spl infin// controller in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and the controller order is twice that of the plant. A new parameterization of strongly stabilizing controllers is determined using linear fractional transformations (LFTs).
Conformations and Structures of Poly(oxyethylene) Melts from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Experiments (1996)

An ensemble of H(CH2OCH2)12H chains has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations as both melt chains and unperturbed phantom chains as a model system to investigate condensed phase effects on chain conformations of poly(oxyethylene) (POE). In addition, conformations of high molecular weight POE chains in the melt have been determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments over a temperature range of 347−459 K. Our simulations show that POE chains in the melt are more extended than the phantom chains which represent the unperturbed chains in ϑ solution. Moreover, the melt chains exhibit a negative temperature coefficient of chain dimensions in contrast to a positive value for the phantom chains. The difference in chain dimensions and the difference in the temperature dependence of chain dimensions between melt and phantom chains are corroborated by the results of our SANS measurements when they are compared with experimental results for POE chains in ϑ solution. We attribute these significant deviations in conformational properties of POE chains in the melt from those of unperturbed ideal chains to condensed phase effects, similar to those found in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), a dimer molecule of POE, from both experiments and simulations. That is, simulations show that the population of the C−C−O gt conformation is greater in melt chains than in the phantom chains, while the C−C−O g±g∓ populations are much smaller in the melt, the latter effect largely accounting for the more extended dimensions of the melt chains. As in DME, the conformation-dependent intermolecular polar attractions (O···H interactions, for example) account for these condensed phase effects, which become more pronounced at lower temperatures. Such intermolecular polar attractions in POE melts also result in increased interatomic packing order, but do not appear to enhance the intermolecular orientational order when compared to simulation results for polymethylene melts.
Dehydration switches emphasis from hypothalamus to medulla oblongata for maintenance of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) (2009)

The mechanisms underlying the increase in SNA after dehydration are not fully established. In the present study, we investigated the sequential effects of systemic administration of Losartan (20 μM, AT 1 receptor antagonist), brain transections and inhibition of commissural nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) on ongoing thoracic SNA after water deprivation for 3 days. Male Wistar rats (65‐85 g) were decorticated to make insentient and perfused intra‐arterially. In euhydrated (EH) rats (290 mOsmol perfusate, n=5), systemic application of Losartan and subsequent pre‐collicular transection (to remove the hypothalamus) reduced SNA by ‐20 ± 3% and ‐44 ± 2% relative to baseline respectively. In contrast, in 3 day dehydrated (DH) rats (340 mOsmol perfusate, n=6) Losartan, subsequent pre‐collicular and pontine transections failed to reduce SNA (‐1 ± 4%, ‐3 ± 8% and ‐12 ± 4% respectively). However, transection at the medulla‐spinal cord junction reduced SNA by ‐70±8%. In intact DH, but not EH rats, reversible inactivation of cNTS using isoguvacine, (a GABA A receptor agonist; 100 mM, 100 nl), reduced significantly baseline SNA (‐33 ± 7% vs 3 ± 8% in EH). These data indicate that in the EH rat baseline SNA is dependent on both the hypothalamus and AT 1 receptors. Following chronic dehydration, the regulation of SNA transfers to the medulla oblongata, particularly cNTS. Funded by CNPq and CAPES (Brazil), The Royal Society.
Study of the Direct Action of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists at the Testicular Level in Intact Rats Treated with an Antiluteinizing Hormone Serum* (1982)

Is it well known that LHRH agonists can inhibit testicular functions by gonadal desensitization secondary to endogenous LH release and that a direct action at the gonadal level has also been demonstrated. Since an excess of anti-LH serum can be used, as an alternative to hypophysectomy, to neutralize the influence of endogenous LH release, the relative importance of the testis and pituitary gland in the inhibitory effect of a LHRH agonist, [D-Ser-(TBU)6,des-Gly-NH210]LHRH ethylamide (Buserelin), was studied on gonadal gonadotropin receptors in intact adult male rats treated with equine anti-LH or normal horse serum (NHS). A single administration of increasing doses (1-100 ng) of Buserelin leads to a progressive inhibition of testicular LH and PRL receptor levels by 70% and 40%, respectively, in animals injected with NHS. Treatment with the anti-LH serum completely prevents this inhibitory effect of a single dose of the LHRH agonist. After two successive injections of Buserelin in NHS-treated animals, testicular LH receptors are reduced by 70% and 80% with the 100- and 500-ng doses, respectively, while testicular PRL receptors are inhibited by 40-60%. In animals treated with the anti-LH serum, the inhibition of testicular LH receptors is reduced by only 18% (100 ng Buserelin) and 55% (500 ng Buserelin), while the inhibitory effect on PRL receptors is abolished. The present data show that endogenous LH release induced by a single injection of a LHRH agonist plays an essential role in the loss of testicular LH receptors measured 2 days later. Moreover, upon repeated injection of the LHRH agonist, neutralization of endogenous LH release by an anti-LH serum markedly reduces the inhibitory effect of the LHRH agonist on LH receptors, while it completely prevents the effect on PRL receptors, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of the LHRH agonist in the male rat is predominantly due to endogenous LH release rather than to a direct action of the peptide at the testicular level.
Hypothalamus and endocrine functions : [proceedings] (1976)

Control of Hypothalamic Hormone Secretion.- Relation of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal System to Decline of Reproductive Functions in Aging Female Rats.- Role of Prostaglandins (PGs) in the Control of Adenohypophyseal Hormone Secretion.- Adrenergic and Cholinergic Inputs to the Amygdala: Role in Gonadotropin Secretion.- Neurotransmitters and Control of Pituitary Function.- Clinical Applications of LH-RH and TRH.- Studies on the Diagnostic Use of LH-RH.- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Use of LH-RH in the Infertile Man.- Therapeutic Use of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone in the Human Female.- Somatostatin.- Clinical Implications of Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone (GH-RIH).- Somatostatin and the Endocrine Pancreas.- Mechanism of Action of Hypothalamic Hormones and Steroid Feedback.- New Aspects of the Mechanism of Action of Hypothalamic Regulatory Hormones.- Steroid Binding in the Hypothalamus and Pituitary.- Role of Sex Steroids on LH and FSH secretion in the Rat.- The Role of Estradiol in Modulating LH and FSH Response to Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone.- Control of PRL and GH Secretion and Action.- Control of Prolactin Secretion in Man.- Neuropharmacological Aspects of the Neural Control of Prolactin Secretion.- Episodic GH Secretion: Evidence for a Hypothalamic Dopaminergic Mechanism.- Hormonal Control of Liver Prolactin Receptors.- Chemistry and Assay of Hypothalamic Hormones.- Suppression of Gonadotropin Release and Ovulation in Animals by Inhibitory Analogs of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone.- Isolation and Characterization of Hypothalamic Peptide Hormones.- Analogs of Somatostatin. Part A. Chemistry and In Vitro Results.- B. In Vivo Activities: Prolongation of Action with Protamine Zinc.- In Vivo Methods for Studying the Action of Hypothalamic Hormones with Special Reference to their Antisera as Tools for Investigation.- Applications of Adenohypophyseal Cell Cultures to Neuroendocrine Studies.- Localization of Hypothalamic Hormones.- Immunohistochemical Localization of Hypothalamic Hormones at the Electron Microscope Level.- Immunohistochemical Localization of Hypothalamic Hormones (especially LRF) at the Light Microscopy Level.- Abstracts.- Contributors.
Neighboring block based disparity vector derivation for multiview compatible 3D-AVC (2013)

3D-AVC being developed under Joint Collaborative Team on 3D Video Coding (JCT-3V) significantly outperforms the Multiview Video Coding plus Depth (MVC+D) which simultaneously encodes texture views and depth views with the multiview extension of H.264/AVC (MVC). However, when the 3D-AVC is configured to support multiview compatibility in which texture views are decoded without depth information, the coding performance becomes significantly degraded. The reason is that advanced coding tools incorporated into the 3D-AVC do not perform well due to the lack of a disparity vector converted from the depth information. In this paper, we propose a disparity vector derivation method utilizing only the information of texture views. Motion information of neighboring blocks is used to determine a disparity vector for a macroblock, so that the derived disparity vector is efficiently used for the coding tools in 3D-AVC. The proposed method significantly improves a coding gain of the 3D-AVC in the multiview compatible mode about 20% BD-rate saving in the coded views and 26% BD-rate saving in the synthesized views on average.
Multilayer Patterning of High Resolution Intrinsically Stretchable Electronics (2016)

Stretchable electronics can bridge the gap between hard planar electronic circuits and the curved, soft and elastic objects of nature. This has led to applications like conformal displays, electronic skin and soft neuroprosthetics. A remaining challenge, however, is to match the dimensions of the interfaced systems, as all require feature sizes well below 100 μm. Intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites are attractive in this context as the mechanical deformations occur on the nanoscale, although methods for patterning high performance materials have been lacking. Here we address these issues by reporting on a multilayer additive patterning approach for high resolution fabrication of stretchable electronic devices. The method yields highly conductive 30 μm tracks with similar performance to their macroscopic counterparts. Further, we demonstrate a three layer micropatterned stretchable electroluminescent display with pixel sizes down to 70 μm. These presented findings pave the way towards future developments of high definition displays, electronic skins and dense multielectrode arrays.
A halogen bond-donor amino acid for organocatalysis in water (2018)

Herein we report a halogen bond-donor amino acid, 4-iodotetrafluorophenylalanine, which behaves as a catalyst for the aqueous synthesis of bis-(heterocyclic)methanes. We also provide experimental evidence that halogen bonding is a plausible explanation for the observed catalytic effect.
Co-Optimization of Circuits, Layout and Lithography for Predictive Technology Scaling Beyond Gratings (2010)

The financial backbone of the semiconductor industry is based on doubling the functional density of integrated circuits every two years at fixed wafer costs and die yields. The increasing demands for 'computational' rather than 'physical' lithography to achieve the aggressive density targets, along with the complex device-engineering solutions needed to maintain the power density objectives, have caused a rapid escalation in systematic yield limiters that threaten scaling. Specifically, the traditional contract between design and manufacturing based solely on design rules is no longer sufficient to guarantee functional silicon and instead requires a convoluted set of restrictions that force complex modifications to the already costly design flows. In this paper, we claim that a far superior result can be achieved by moving the design-to-manufacturing interface from design rules to a higher level of abstraction based on a defined set of pre-characterized layout templates. We will demonstrate how this methodology can simplify optical proximity correction and lithography processes for sub-32 nm technology nodes, along with various digital block design examples for synthesized intellectual property (IP) cores. Furthermore, with a cost-per-good-die analysis we will show that this methodology will extend economical scaling to sub-32 nm technology nodes.
Sequence Dependent Long Range Hole Transport in DNA (1998)

A guanine radical cation (G+•) was site-selectively generated in double stranded DNA and the charge transfer in different oligonucleotide sequences was investigated. The method is based on the competition between a charge transfer from G+• through the DNA and its trapping reaction with H2O. We analyzed the hole transfer from this G+• to a GGG unit through one, two, three, and four AT base pairs and found that the rate decreases by about 1 order of magnitude with each intervening AT base pair. This strong distance dependence led to a β-value of 0.7 ± 0.1 Å-1. Within the time scale of this assay the charge transfer nearly vanished when the G+• was separated by four AT base pairs from the GGG unit. However, if the second or the third of the four intervening AT base pairs was exchanged by a GC base pair, the rate of the hole transfer from the G+• to the GGG unit increased by 2 orders of magnitude. In addition, a long-range charge transfer over 15 base pairs could be observed in a mixed strand that contained AT as well as GC base pairs. Because G+• can oxidize G but not A bases, the long-range charge transport can be explained by a hopping of the positive charge between the intervening G bases. Thus, the overall charge transport in a mixed strand is a multistep hopping process between G bases where the individual steps contribute to the overall rate. The distance dependence is no longer described by the β value of the superexchange mechanism.
Increasing the spectral bandwidth of optical frequency comb generation in a microring resonator using dispersion tailoring slotted waveguide (2013)

A chromatic dispersion tailored composite Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> waveguide microring resonator allows generating significantly broader Kerr optical frequency combs, as compared with an identical conventional Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> microring resonator, under the same optical pumping conditions.