gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central control of upper airway resistance regulating respiratory airflow in mammals (2002)

This article reviews recent studies on the importance of glycine receptors for both the spontaneous and the reflex respiratory modulation of the laryngeal abductors and adductors. Our findings show that strychnine blockade of glycine receptors within the brainstem changes the eupneic three-phase respiratory pattern into two phases. This has major implications for glottal control: (i) the inspiratory glottic abduction and early expiratory adduction were both compromised--a finding mimicked by 5% hypoxia; (ii) closure of the glottis during defensive upper airway reflexes became intermittent and the reflex apnoea reversed to sustained inspiratory discharge. Based on these data, we predict that periods of prolonged hypoxia, such as those that occur during sleep apnoeas, will constrain inspiratory glottic abduction thereby impeding inhalation.
Supramolecularly fine-regulated enantioselective catalysts (2016)

The use of supramolecular interactions in catalysis has undergone major growth in the last decade and has contributed to the major advances achieved in the field of enantioselective catalysis. Of the various approaches that use supramolecular interactions in enantioselective catalysis, this article highlights different supramolecular strategies to generate a set of enantiopure ligands (or enantioselective catalysts) that retain the majority of the backbone's structural features, yet at the same time incorporate subtle changes at its active site that depend on the structural characteristics of the regulation agent (RA) employed.
Metallic Photonic Crystal Absorber‐Emitter for Efficient Spectral Control in High‐Temperature Solar Thermophotovoltaics (2014)

A high‐temperature stable solar absorber based on a metallic 2D photonic crystal (PhC) with high and tunable spectral selectivity is demonstrated and optimized for a range of operating temperatures and irradiances. In particular, a PhC absorber with solar absorptance 0.86 and thermal emittance = 0.26 at 1000 K, using high‐temperature material properties, is achieved resulting in a thermal transfer efficiency more than 50% higher than that of a blackbody absorber. Furthermore, an integrated double‐sided 2D PhC absorber/emitter pair is demonstrated for a high‐performance solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system. The 2D PhC absorber/emitter is fabricated on a double‐side polished tantalum substrate, characterized, and tested in an experimental STPV setup along with a flat Ta absorber and a nearly blackbody absorber composed of an array of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). At an irradiance of 130 kW m −2 the PhC absorber enables more than a two‐fold improvement in measured STPV system efficiency (3.74%) relative to the nearly blackbody absorber (1.60%) and higher efficiencies are expected with increasing operating temperature. These experimental results show unprecedented high efficiency, demonstrating the importance of the high selectivity of the 2D PhC absorber and emitter for high‐temperature energy conversion.
The sensitivity of photoconductor receivers for long-wavelength optical communications (1985)

We calculate the sensitivity of In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</inf> As photoconductor receivers for use in moderate to high bit-rate lightwave transmission applications. It is found that the noise of photoconductive receivers is dominated at all bit rates <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B &lt; 4</tex> Gbit/s by Johnson noise in the conductive channel. Nevertheless, the total noise current decreases approximately linearly with photoconductive gain, and therefore the sensitivity of photoconductive receivers can be comparable to high-sensitivity p-i-n photodiode receivers. The sensitivity of practical photoconductive receivers compares most favorably with p-i-n receivers in the bit-rate range of 500-2 Gbit/s. However, receivers employing high-speed In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</inf> As/InP avalanche photodiodes are expected to be more sensitive than photoconductive receivers over the entire bit-rate range considered. In this analysis, we consider the effects of slow photoconductor response on receiver sensitivity, and find that the limited gain-bandwidth product of practical photoconductors increases the complexity of the receiver circuit by necessitating equalization, resulting in a decrease in receiver sensitivity and dynamic range.
Study of nanoimprint lithography for applications toward 22nm node CMOS devices (2008)

Nanoimprint lithography is one of the candidates for NGL. Recently, the "S-FIL TM" (Step and Flash Imprint Lithography) has been developed by MII (Molecular Imprints, Inc.). Accordingly, it is necessary to build next-generation devices and study unit processes without delay. Because of good resolution, CD uniformity and LER, nanoimprint lithography is attractive. However, nanoimprint lithography (S-FIL) involves risks. In order to judge whether the S-FIL is applicable to the study of unit processes and test device fabrication, we had studied the feasibility of S-FIL technology. As a result of previous work, we obtained the results of basic evaluation and confirmed the applicability of nanoimprint lithography for unit process study and basic test device fabrication. However, application of nanoimprint lithography to various test devices requires the template resolution of 22nmHP, OL accuracy on multilayer resist, and defect density for various patterns. Therefore, in order to judge whether the S-FIL application is extendable to various test devices, we studied the characteristics of S-FIL. As a result of this work, we confirmed that the nanoimprint application is extendable to fabrication of various test devices. And as a result of basic evaluation, improvement of template resolution is confirmed and the value of 22nmHP is obtained. We confirmed the robustness of the alignment process. The defect density is related in pattern density and spread time. Thus, reduced DD without throughput loss is required.
Closed Form Solution for Maximizing the Sum Capacity of Reverse-Link CDMA System with Rate Constraints (2008)

In this paper, we work on maximizing the capacity of the reverse link of a CDMA wireless network. Oh and Soong (2006) presented an information-theoretic capacity model for analyzing this system. That formulation produces solutions that often result in unfairness allocation of power to most users. Here, we propose the addition of a maximum capacity constraint into the problem, thereby creating a more fair power allocation scheme. First, we improve on the algorithm presented in (Oh and Soong, 2006) by proposing a closed form solution and an algorithm which works nine times faster. Then, we propose a closed form algorithm for solving the new enhanced problem.
Retrospective Docking Study of PDE4B Ligands and an Analysis of the Behavior of Selected Scoring Functions (2005)

Scoring forms a major obstacle to the success of any docking study. In general, fast scoring functions perform poorly when used to determine the relative affinity of ligands for their receptors. In this study, the objective was not to rank compounds with confidence but simply to identify a scoring method which could provide a 4-fold hit enrichment in a screening sample over random selection. To this end, LigandFit, a fast shape matching docking algorithm, was used to dock a variety of known inhibitors of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4B) into its binding site determined crystallographically for a series of pyrazolopyridine inhibitors. The success of identifying good poses with this technique was explored through RMSD comparisons with 19 known inhibitors for which crystallographic structures were available. The effectiveness of five scoring functions (PMF, JAIN, PLP2, LigScore2, and DockScore) was then evaluated through consideration of the success in enriching the top ranked fractions of nine artificial databases, constructed by seeding 1980 inactive ligands (pIC50 < 5) with 20 randomly selected inhibitors (pIC50 > 6.5). PMF and JAIN showed high average enrichment factors (greater than 4 times) in the top 5-10% of the ranked databases. Rank-based consensus scoring was then investigated, and the rational combination of 3 scoring functions resulted in more robust scoring schemes with (cScore)-DPmJ (consensus score of DockScore, PMF, and JAIN) and (cScore)-PPmJ (PLP2, PMF, and JAIN) yielding particularly good results. These cScores are believed to be of greater general application. Finally, the analysis of the behavior of the scoring functions across different chemotypes uncovered the inherent bias of the docking and scoring toward compounds in the same structural family as that employed for the crystal structure, suggesting the need to use multiple versions of the binding site for more successful virtual screening strategies.
Transition-Metal-Mediated Fluorination of Arenes (2011)

A selection of aromatic carbon-fluorine bond-forming reactions is presented with particular focus on transition-metal-mediated fluorination. Introductory comments on the importance and application of fluorinated organic molecules are followed by an overview of conventional fluorination reactions including nucleophilic aromatic substitution, electrophilic aromatic substitution, and the Balz-Schiemann reaction. A discussion of the recent development of the fluorination reactions mediated by palladium and silver is presented. This review focuses on the mechanisms of the presented fluorination reactions as well as the conceptual difficulty associated with transition-metal-mediated carbon-fluorine bond formation in contrast to other carbon-heteroatom bond formation.
Measurements of integrated and differential cross sections for isolated photon pair production in pp collisions at s=8  TeV with the ATLAS detector (2017)

A measurement of the production cross section for two isolated photons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of ffiffi ffi s p 8 TeV is presented. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb -1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement considers photons with pseudorapidities satisfying j j < 1.37 or 1.56 < j j < 2.37 and transverse energies of respectively E T;1 > 40 GeV and E T;2 > 30 GeV for the two leading photons ordered in transverse energy produced in the interaction. The background due to hadronic jets and electrons is subtracted using datadriven techniques. The fiducial cross sections are corrected for detector effects and measured differentially as a function of six kinematic observables. The measured cross section integrated within the fiducial volume is 16.8 AE 0.8 pb. The data are compared to fixed-order QCD calculations at next-to-leading-order and next-to-next-to-leading-order accuracy as well as next-to-leading-order computations including resummation of initial-state gluon radiation at next-to-next-to-leading logarithm or matched to a parton shower, with relative uncertainties varying from 5% to 20%.
The E3 architecture for future cognitive mobile networks (2009)

Next generation mobile and wireless systems will enhance the operators' network management capabilities and will considerably improve the users' experience. However, these systems form a complex heterogeneous environment that calls for new management techniques targeting efficiency, robustness and adaptability. Cognition techniques as well as the ability for network components to act autonomously are considered as the main tools to achieve these goals. In this paper we present the functional architecture (FA) for the management and control of reconfigurable radio systems of the EU funded IP project called ¿E3 - End to End Efficiency¿ that has been designed to enhance existing procedures usually performed in traditional O&M systems (e.g., spectrum management, network planning, configuration actions etc). We present the rational of our design and provide specific examples to illustrate the role of the different functional entities and their interfaces. A considerable part of this architecture has been recently approved as a feasibility study by ETSI Reconfigurable Radio System (RRS).
Detection of Deep-Morphed Deepfake Images to Make Robust Automatic Facial Recognition Systems (2021)

Face Morphing has emerged as a pervasive attack of Facial Recognition Systems. The rapid growth of Generative Adversarial Networks takes it to a complete new level. Deepfake or deep neural network based face morphing, a.k.a deep-morph attack, presents a significant threat to Facial Recognition System. In this paper, we propose a novel Convolutional Neural Network based detection method of deep morphed deepfake images which is suitable for IoT environments in smart cities. A high accuracy of 94.83% has been achieved for the DeepfakeTIMIT HQ dataset. This lightweight and fast network is a natural choice for IoT environments.
On the Origin of the Electrochemical Capacity of Li[sub 2]Fe[sub 0.8]Mn[sub 0.2]SiO[sub 4] (2010)

Solid solutions between iron and manganese cations in were successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The selected sample was electrochemically evaluated by the use of two in situ characterization techniques. Although the sample showed good reversibility with a large voltage polarization in the formation cycles, the observed electrochemical activity is only partly connected with the change in oxidation states of iron and/or manganese. Using in situ characterization techniques (Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure), most of iron was reversibly oxidized to trivalent iron, whereas only a fraction of manganese was reversibly oxidized to the trivalent oxidation state. The overall change in oxidation state did not exceed more than 0.8 electron per both transition metals, even though the electrochemical experiment suggested that more than 1 electron per compound formula was exchanged. Nevertheless, the prediction that the local environment around Mn in (when the Mn doping is low) can be stabilized during the oxidation has been confirmed.
Initial design with L^2 Monge-Kantorovich theory for the Monge–Ampère equation method in freeform surface illumination design (2014)

The Monge-Ampère (MA) equation arising in illumination design is highly nonlinear so that the convergence of the MA method is strongly determined by the initial design. We address the initial design of the MA method in this paper with the L(2)-Kantorovich (LMK) theory. An efficient approach is proposed to find the optimal mapping of the LMK problem. The characteristics of the new approach are introduced and the limitations of the LMK theory in illumination design are presented. Three examples, including the beam shaping of collimated beam and point light source, are given to illustrate the potential benefits of the LMK theory in the initial design. The results show the MA method converges more stably and faster with the application of the LMK theory in the initial design.
Development of diagnostic data in the 10-percent sample of disabled SSI recipients. (1991)

The Social Security Administration has created a 10-percent sample data base of blind and disabled recipients from the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. Codes showing the primary medical diagnosis were obtained for the sample by matching several files, and by imputing codes to sample cases where no diagnostic codes were found. The data base is updated each year by repeating this matching operation and by bringing forward the diagnostic codes from the previous year's file. This article describes the sources of diagnostic information in the administrative record system; the methodology used in the development of the 10-percent disability data base, and the technique chosen to compensate for missing values.
Highly Selective PPARα (Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor α) Agonist Pemafibrate Inhibits Stent Inflammation and Restenosis Assessed by Multimodality Molecular‐Microstructural Imaging (2021)

BACKGROUND New pharmacological approaches are needed to prevent stent restenosis. This study tested the hypothesis that pemafibrate, a novel clinical selective PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) agonist, suppresses coronary stent-induced arterial inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS Yorkshire pigs randomly received either oral pemafibrate (30 mg/day; n=6) or control vehicle (n=7) for 7 days, followed by coronary arterial implantation of 3.5 × 12 mm bare metal stents (2-4 per animal; 44 stents total). On day 7, intracoronary molecular-structural near-infrared fluorescence and optical coherence tomography imaging was performed to assess the arterial inflammatory response, demonstrating that pemafibrate reduced stent-induced inflammatory protease activity (near-infrared fluorescence target-to-background ratio: pemafibrate, median [25th-75th percentile]: 2.8 [2.5-3.3] versus control, 4.1 [3.3-4.3], <i>P</i>=0.02). At day 28, animals underwent repeat near-infrared fluorescence-optical coherence tomography imaging and were euthanized, and coronary stent tissue molecular and histological analyses. Day 28 optical coherence tomography imaging showed that pemafibrate significantly reduced stent neointima volume (pemafibrate, 43.1 [33.7-54.1] mm<sup>3</sup> versus control, 54.2 [41.2-81.1] mm<sup>3</sup>; <i>P</i>=0.03). In addition, pemafibrate suppressed day 28 stent-induced cellular inflammation and neointima expression of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) and enhanced the smooth muscle differentiation markers calponin and smoothelin. In vitro assays indicated that the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)-myocardin axes mediated the inhibitory effects of pemafibrate on smooth muscle cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Pemafibrate reduces preclinical coronary stent inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia following bare metal stent deployment. These results motivate further trials evaluating pemafibrate as a new strategy to prevent clinical stent restenosis.
Bringing physical construction and real-world data collection into a massively open online course (MOOC) (2017)

This Work-In-Progress paper details the process and lessons learned when converting a hands-on engineering mini-course to a scalable, self-paced Massively Open Online Course (MOOC). Online courseware has been part of academic and industry training and learning for decades. Learning activities in online courses strive to mimic in-person delivery by including lectures, homework assignments, software exercises and exams. While these instructional activities provide “theory and practice” for many disciplines, engineering courses often require hands-on activities with physical tools, devices and equipment. To accommodate the need for this type of learning, MIT Lincoln Laboratory's “Build A Small Radar” (BSR) course was used to explore teaching and learning strategies that support the inclusion of physical construction and real world data collection in a MOOC. These tasks are encountered across a range of engineering disciplines and the methods illustrated here are easily generalized to the learning experiences in engineering and science disciplines.
Abstract 5106: Induction of reactive oxygen species-dependent mitotic arrest and apoptosis by sulforaphane in human bladder cancer 5637 cells (2014)

Abstract The present study was undertaken to determine whether sulforaphane-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) might cause growth arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer 5637 cells. Our results show that the reduced viability of 5637 cells by sulforaphane is due to mitotic arrest, but not the G2 phase. The sulforaphane-induced mitotic arrest correlated with an induction of cyclin B1 and phosphorylation of Cdk1, as well as a concomitant increased complex between cyclin B1 and Cdk1. Sulforaphane-induced apoptosis was associated with the activation of caspase-8 and -9, the initiators caspases of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, respectively, and activation of effector caspase-3 and cleavage of PAPR. However, blockage of caspase activation inhibited apoptosis and abrogated growth inhibition in sulforaphane-treated 5637 cells. This study further investigated the roles of ROS with respect to mitotic arrest and the apoptotic effect of sulforaphane, and the maximum level of ROS accumulation was observed at 30 min after sulforaphane treatment. However, a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl L-cysteine, notably attenuated sulforaphane-mediated apoptosis as well as mitotic arrest. Overall, these results suggest that sulforaphane induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis of 5637 cells via a ROS-dependent pathway. Citation Format: Yung Hyun Choi. Induction of reactive oxygen species-dependent mitotic arrest and apoptosis by sulforaphane in human bladder cancer 5637 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5106. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5106
Microchannels: Bioinspired Universal Flexible Elastomer‐Based Microchannels (Small 18/2018) (2018)

In article number 1702170, Xu Hou and co-workers show a universal strategy for building flexible microfluidic devices with applications in strain sensors and pressure-flow regulating devices. These devices exhibit superior mechanical deformability, including high strain and recovery ability. With further surface physicochemical modification, the devices can also gain anti-fouling properties for a broad range of potential industrial and biomedical applications.
Dosage Frequency Effects on Treatment Outcomes Following Self-managed Digital Therapy: Retrospective Cohort Study (2022)

The findings from this study demonstrated that increased dosage frequency is associated with greater therapy gains over a 10-week treatment period of self-managed digital therapy. The use of real-world data maximizes the ecological validity of study results and makes the findings more generalizable to clinical settings. This study represents an important step toward the development of optimal dose recommendations for self-managed SLT.
Polarization-insensitive InP-based MQW digital optical switch (1997)

A polarization-insensitive InP-based p-i-n multiple-quantum-well switch is demonstrated for the first time. Polarization-insensitive switching and loss are achieved. Crosstalk and loss measurements across a wavelength range of 20 nm centered at 1.55 μm are reported. A crosstalk of better than -13 dB is achieved for both TE and TM polarizations across the 1.54-1.56-μm wavelength range with a switching voltage of -7 V. A low on-chip loss of less than 3 dB is achieved for both TE and TM across the above wavelength range, with a compact switch structure which is 3 mm long.
Dehydration, Aldol Condensation and Hydrogenation Processes for the Production of Liquid Alkanes from Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.