gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Studies of an Antibody-Catalyzed Elimination Reaction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic Studies of an Antibody-Catalyzed Elimination ReactionKevan Shokat, Tetsuo Uno, and Peter G. SchultzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6, 2261–2270Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00085a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00085a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views631Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flexible Electronics: Highly Flexible and Transparent Multilayer MoS2 Transistors with Graphene Electrodes (Small 19/2013) (2013)

A highly flexible and transparent transistor based on an exfoliated MoS2 channel and CVD-grown graphene electrodes is reported by W.-K. Hong, H. C. Ko, and co-workers on page 3295. Introducing 2D nanomaterials provides high mechanical flexibility (available bending radius: ± 2.2 mm), optical transmittance (74%), and high current on/off ratio (>104) with an average field effect mobility of ≈4.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, all of which cannot be achieved by other transistors consisting of a MoS2 active channel/metal electrodes or graphene channel/graphene electrodes. In particular, the MoS2/graphene interface has a low Schottky barrier of ≈22 meV, which is comparable to the MoS2/metal interface.
Miniaturization of Implantable Antenna and Discussion of Concentration of Fields (2021)

In this paper, a two-coil design for implantable antenna miniaturization is presented. As implantable medical devices (IMDs) get smaller, prior work has shown that a set of focusing rods made of a biocompatible, conductive material may be useful to guide power from an external plane wave to the IMD. Prior research has also optimized a 3D ring array design for medical telemetry focusing. In this work, we evaluate the effect of these field focusing designs if coils are used as the transmitting and receiving antennas. A comparison of the coils with and without the focusing rods is presented.
Improved asymmetric space vector modulation for voltage source converters with low carrier ratio (2010)

This paper presents an improved asymmetric space vector modulation (ASVM) for two level voltage source converters (VSCs) when the switching frequency is only 9 times of line frequency. By adding two pulses in each line cycle when the fundamental voltage crosses zero, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of output current can be reduced significantly with very limited penalty. The applications of improved ASVM in a single VSC or two interleaved VSCs systems are shown separately. With optimization, the ac current THD can be reduced to as low as 50% for single VSC and even lower to 20% for interleaved VSCs systems. Such THD reduction has close relationship with modulation index and interleaving angle. In addition, improved ASVM can also reduce the amplitude of circulating current which mainly determined the size of inter-phase inductors. Finally, the weights of total inductors needed to meet the same THD requirement are compared to demonstrate the benefits of improved ASVM when different PWM schemes are used. The analysis results are verified by experiments on a demo system.
Differential regulation of single CFTR channels by PP2C, PP2A, and other phosphatases (1998)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel activity declines rapidly when excised from transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or human airway cells because of membrane-associated phosphatase activity. In the present study, we found that CFTR channels usually remained active in patches excised from baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells overexpressing CFTR. Those patches with stable channel activity were used to investigate the regulation of CFTR by exogenous protein phosphatases (PP). Adding PP2A, PP2C, or alkaline phosphatase to excised patches reduced CFTR channel activity by > 90% but did not abolish it completely. PP2B caused weak deactivation, whereas PP1 had no detectable effect on open probability (Po). Interestingly, the time course of deactivation by PP2C was identical to that of the spontaneous rundown observed in some patches after excision. PP2C and PP2A had distinct effects on channel gating Po declined during exposure to exogenous PP2C (and during spontaneous rundown, when it was observed) without any change in mean burst duration. By contrast, deactivation by exogenous PP2A was associated with a dramatic shortening of burst duration similar to that reported previously in patches from cardiac cells during deactivation of CFTR by endogenous phosphatases. Rundown of CFTR-mediated current across intact T84 epithelial cell monolayers was insensitive to toxic levels of the PP2A inhibitor calyculin A. These results demonstrate that exogenous PP2C is a potent regulator of CFTR activity, that its effects on single-channel gating are distinct from those of PP2A but similar to those of endogenous phosphatases in CHO, BHK, and T84 epithelial cells, and that multiple protein phosphatases may be required for complete deactivation of CFTR channels.
Fabry-Perot optical binary switch for aircraft applications (2006)

An optical binary switch for aircraft applications is demonstrated. A fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) bonded to a cantilever is used as the sensing element. A white-light interferometry system with two bulk Michelson interferometers sharing the same motor-driven translation stage is utilized to monitor the elongation of the FFPI. The system exhibits excellent linearity as a force sensor; the experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical calculated values. With a properly set threshold value, the system produces a binary output.
Energy-Efficient On-Demand Cloud Radio Access Networks Virtualization (2018)

By leveraging the elasticity of cloud computing, cloud radio access network (C-RAN) facilitates on-demand radio and computing resource provisioning. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient on-demand C-RAN virtualization model which dynamically provisions virtual C-RAN according to service demand. The energy consumption of the virtual C-RAN is minimized by jointly optimizing the remote radio head (RRH) selection and computing resource provisioning. The network energy consumption minimization problem is challenging because of the interdependence between the RRH selection and the computing resource provisioning. We propose the energy-efficient on-demand C-RAN virtualization (REACT) algorithm to solve the problem in two steps. First, we cluster RRHs into groups using the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) algorithm and assign a BBU to each RRH group for the baseband signal processing. Second, we determine the RRH selection by optimizing the cooperative beamforming. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through extensive simulations, which shows the proposed algorithm reduces up to 62% of the network energy consumption as compared to a baseline algorithm.
Lithium Hydride (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using virus-like particles containing mutations of conserved residues on envelope protein can distinguish three flavivirus infections (2020)

The recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) in flavivirus-endemic regions highlight the need for sensitive and specific serological tests. Previously we and others reported key fusion loop (FL) residues and/or BC loop (BCL) residues on dengue virus (DENV) envelope protein recognized by flavivirus cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera. To improve ZIKV serodiagnosis, we employed wild type (WT) and FL or FL/BCL mutant virus-like particles (VLP) of ZIKV, DENV1 and West Nile virus (WNV) in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and tested convalescent-phase serum or plasma samples from reverse-transcription PCR-confirmed cases with different ZIKV, DENV and WNV infections. For IgG ELISA, ZIKV WT-VLP had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 52.9%, which was improved to 83.3% by FL/BCL mutant VLP and 92.2% by the ratio of relative optical density of mutant to WT VLP. Similarly, DENV1 and WNV WT-VLP had a sensitivity/specificity of 100%/70.0% and 100%/56.3%, respectively; the specificity was improved to 93.3% and 83.0% by FL mutant VLP. For IgM ELISA, ZIKV, DENV1 and WNV WT-VLP had a specificity of 96.4%, 92.3% and 91.4%, respectively, for primary infection; the specificity was improved to 93.7-99.3% by FL or FL/BCL mutant VLP. An algorithm based on a combination of mutant and WT-VLP IgG ELISA is proposed to discriminate primary ZIKV, DENV and WNV infections as well as secondary DENV and ZIKV infection with previous DENV infections; this could be a powerful tool to better understand the seroprevalence and pathogenesis of ZIKV in regions where multiple flaviviruses co-circulate.
Chemical signals driving bacterial–fungal interactions (2021)

Microorganisms reside in diverse environmental communities where interactions become indispensable due to close physical associations. These interactions are driven by chemical communication among different microbial kingdoms, particularly between fungi and bacteria. Knowledge about these communication signals provides useful information about the nature of microbial interactions and allows predictions of community development in diverse environments. Here, we provide an update on the role of small signalling molecules in fungal-bacterial interactions with focus on agricultural and medicinal environments. This review highlights the range of - and response to - diverse biochemicals produced by both kingdoms with view to harnessing their properties towards drug discovery applications.
Sensors and Automated Analyzers for Radionuclides (2005)

Novel chemical and instrumental approaches have been developed that enable application of classical radiochemical analysis principles to in situ sensing and automated monitoring of beta and alpha emitting radionuclides. The overall approach is based on the integration of sample treatment, separation, and radioactivity detection steps within a single functional sensor or analyzer device. New radionuclide sensors and analyzers can provide timely information on radiological composition in environmental and process monitoring applications and represent significant advancement over manual analytical techniques performed in centralized laboratories. The concept of preconcentrating minicolumn sensors using dual function sorbent/scintillating materials is described for low-level environmental sensing applications. Equilibrium-based sensing approach is described that enables reagentless operation for long-term measurements. Integration of automated microwave-assisted sample treatment, column separations, and flow-through radiometric detection is used to develop radionuclide analyzer instrument for rapid radiochemical measurements in nuclear waste process monitoring. Sensors and analyzers for 99Tc have been engineered into fully functional practical devices for operation in the field or plant settings.
Terpenoids isolated from Tunisian Nigella sativa L. essential oil with antioxidant activity and the ability to inhibit nitric oxide production (2011)

ABSTRACT Fractionation of the essential oil from the seeds of Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) led to the isolation of four terpenoids: trans ‐ (1), cis ‐sabinene hydrate methyl ether (2), 1,2‐epoxy‐menth‐4‐ene (3) and 1,2‐epoxy‐menth‐4(8)‐ene (4). Structure elucidation was performed using NMR (1D and 2D NMR) experiments and mass spectral data. Compounds 3 and 4 are reported for the first time as natural products. Bioactivities of the compounds were assessed. The four compounds exhibit antioxidant activity in vitro , as assessed by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity test. Moreover, compounds 1, 2 and 4 displayed strong ability to inhibit oxidative stress in human skin WS‐1 fibroblasts cells, with IC 50 values of 0.32, 0.005 and 0.43 µ m , respectively. In addition, the four tested compounds significantly inhibited nitric oxide release by lipopolysaccharide‐activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results show that the most effective compound was cis ‐sabinene hydrate methyl ether (2). In addition, the cis ‐configurated compound (2) exerted stronger activities in comparison with the trans ‐configurated compound (1), suggesting geometric stereoselectivity for the biological activities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Fine-Tuning the Chromosome Ends: The Last Base of Human Telomeres (2005)

Telomeres protect chromosomes from degradation and loss of vital sequence, block end-end fusion, and allow the cell to distinguish between broken ends and chromosome ends. Mammalian telomeres end in single-stranded (TTAGGG)-rich 3'-overhangs that are tucked back into the preceding double stranded region to form a T-loop. The end structure of mammalian telomeres has just started to be elucidated and through this extra views we highlight one aspect of that structure. We have recently identified the terminal nucleotides of both the C-rich and G-rich telomere strands in human cells and showed that approximately 80% of the C-rich strands terminate precisely in ATC-5', while the last base of the G-strand is less precise. This finding has important implications for the processing events that act on the telomere ends post-replication. While the mechanism behind this phenotype is yet to be unraveled, we discuss potential models that could explain the last base specificity.
The Integrin Co-activator Kindlin-3 Is Expressed and Functional in a Non-hematopoietic Cell, the Endothelial Cell (2010)

Integrin activation is crucial for numerous cellular responses, including cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Recent studies in mice have specifically emphasized the vital role of kindlin-3 in integrin activation. Kindlin-3 deficiency in humans also has now been documented and includes symptoms of bleeding, frequent infections, and osteopetrosis, which are consequences of an inability to activate beta1, beta2, and beta3 integrins. To date, kindlin-3 was thought to be restricted to hematopoietic cells. In this article, we demonstrate that kindlin-3 is present in human endothelial cells derived from various anatomical origins. The mRNA and protein for KINDLIN-3 was detected in endothelial cells by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blots. When subjected to sequencing by mass spectrometry, the protein was identified as authentic kindlin-3 and unequivocally distinguished from KINDLIN-1 and KINDLIN-2 or any other known protein. By quantitative real time PCR, the level of kindlin-3 in endothelial cells was 20-50% of that of kindlin-2. Using knockdown approaches, we show that kindlin-3 plays a role in integrin-mediated adhesion of endothelial cells. This function depends upon the integrin and substrate and is distinct from that of kindlin-2. Formation of tube-like structures in Matrigel also was impaired by kindlin-3 knockdown. Mechanistically, the distinct functions of the kindlins can be traced to differences in their subcellular localization in integrin-containing adhesion structures. Thus, the prevailing view that individual kindlins exert their functions in a cell type-specific manner must now be modified to consider distinct functions of the different family members within the same cell type.
TU‐D‐202‐00: Rest In Peace ‐ ITV (2016)

Respiratory motion has long been recognized as an important factor affecting the precision of radiotherapy. After the introduction of the 4D CT to visualize the respiratory motion in 3D, the internal target volume (ITV) has been widely adopted as simple method to take the motion into account in treatment planning and delivery. The ITV is generated as the union of the CTVs as the patient goes through the respiratory cycle. Many issues have been identified with the ITV. In this session three alternatives for the ITV will be discussed: 1) An alternative motion‐inclusive approach with better imaging and smaller margins, called mid‐position CT. 2) The tracking approach and 3) The gating approach. The following topics will be addressed by Marcel van Herk (“Is ITV the correct motion encompassing strategy”): Magnitude of respiratory motion, effect of motion on radiotherapy, motion encompassing strategies, and software solutions to assist in motion encompassing strategies. Then Paul Keall (“Make margins simple: Use real‐time target tracking”) will discuss tracking with: clinical drivers for tracking, current clinical status of tumor tracking, future tumor tracking technology, and margin margin challenges with and without tracking. Finally Daniel Low will discuss gating (“Gating is the best ITV killer”): why ITV in the first place, requirements for planning, requirements at the machine, benefits and costs. The session will end with a discussion and live demo of motion simulation software to illustrate the issues and explain the relative benefit and appropriate uses for the three methods. Learning Objectives: Explain the 4D imaging and treatment planning process. Summarize the various approaches to deal with respiratory motion during radiotherapy Discuss the tradeoffs involved when choosing one of the three discussed approaches. Explain in which situation each method is the best choice Research is partly funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation; M. van Herk, Part of the research was funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation
Methylation of NRN1 is a novel synthetic lethal marker of PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR and ATR inhibitors in esophageal cancer (2021)

Wnt, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and NF-κB pathways were reported to be involved in DNA damage repair (DDR). DDR-deficient cancers become critically dependent on backup DNA repair pathways. Neuritin 1 (NRN1) is reported to be involved in PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and its role in DDR remains unclear. Methylation-specific PCR, siRNA, flow cytometry, esophageal cancer cell lines, and xenograft mouse models were used to examine the role of NRN1 in esophageal cancer. The expression of NRN1 is frequently repressed by promoter region methylation in human esophageal cancer cells. NRN1 was methylated in 50.4% (510/1012) of primary esophageal cancer samples. NRN1 methylation is associated significantly with age (P < .001), tumor size (P < .01), TNM stage (P < .001), differentiation (P < .001) and alcohol consumption (P < .05). We found that NRN1 methylation is an independent prognostic factor for poor 5-y overall survival (P < .001). NRN1 inhibits colony formation, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis and G1/S arrest in esophageal cancer cells. NRN1 suppresses KYSE150 and KYSE30 cells xenografts growth in nude mice. PI3K signaling is reported to activate ATR signaling by targeting CHK1, the downstream component of ATR. By analyzing the synthetic efficiency of NVP-BEZ235 (PI3K inhibitor) and VE-822 (an ATR inhibitor), we found that the combination of NVP-BEZ235 and VE-822 increased cytotoxicity in NRN1 methylated esophageal cancer cells, as well as KYSE150 cell xenografts. In conclusion, NRN1 suppresses esophageal cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling. Methylation of NRN1 is a novel synthetic lethal marker for PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ATR inhibitors in human esophageal cancer.
Guiding Neutral Atoms on a Chip (2000)

We demonstrate the guiding of neutral atoms by the magnetic fields due to microfabricated current-carrying wires on a chip. Atoms are guided along a magnetic field minimum parallel to and above the current-carrying wires. Two guide configurations are demonstrated: one using two wires with an external magnetic field, and a second using four wires without an external field. These guide geometries can be extended to integrated atom optics circuits, including beam splitters.
Inner and Outer Time (2006)

This chapter addresses the question of inner and outer time, and turns attention on the Augustinian foundations of modern philosophies of time, and an analysis of the narrative aspects of Augustine's Confessions. A consideration of the relationship between time, consciousness and self-consciousness is also presented. The representation of memory does nothing to question the forward movement of time. Ursula Heise considers a huge range of factors that affect the ‘experience of time’, and encompasses a range of ideas about time and history, but the philosophy of time is simply missing. Jacques Derrida's impossible object – the internal pocket that is larger than the whole – offers a model for the relationship between subjective time and objective time in general, and a framework for the relationship between the fictional theme of time and the temporal logic of storytelling.
Comparison of two-class and three-class Bayesian artificial neural networks in estimation of observations drawn from simulated bivariate normal distributions (2011)

The development and application of multi-class BANN classifiers in computer-aided diagnosis methods motivated this study in which we compared estimates produced by two-class and three-class BANN classifiers to true observations drawn from simulated distributions. Observations were drawn from three Gaussian bivariate distributions with distinct means and variances to generate G<sub>1</sub>, G<sub>2</sub>, and G<sub>3</sub> simulated datasets. A two-class BANN was trained on each training dataset for a total of ten different trained BANNs. The same testing dataset was run on each trained BANN. The average and standard deviation of the resulting ten sets of BANN outputs were then calculated. This process was repeated with three-class BANNS. Different sample numbers and values of a priori probabilities were investigated. The relationship between the average BANN output and true distribution was measured using Pearson and Spearman coefficients, R-squared and mean square error for two-class and three-class BANNs. There was significantly high correlation between the average BANN output and true distribution for two-class and three-class BANNs; however, subtle non-linearities and spread were found in comparing the true and estimated distributions. The standard deviations of two-class and three-class BANNs were comparable, demonstrating that three-class BANNs can perform as reliably as two-class BANN classifiers in estimating true distributions and that the observed non-linearities and spread were not simply due to statistical uncertainty but were valid characteristics of the BANN classifiers. In summary, three-class BANN decision variables were similar in performance to those of two-class BANNs in estimating true observations drawn from simulated bivariate normal distributions.
Machining influence on the fatigue resistance of Inconel 718 fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) (2019)

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