gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A systematic review (2006)

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines (HMs), as a monotherapy or adjunct therapy, compared to placebo or conventional approaches in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials from both conventional and alternative medicine sources. Outcome measures were overall improvement, quality of life, reduction of levodopa dose, and adverse events. Nine studies were included, each testing a different HM. Six of the trials had limited internal validity due to major flaws in design, including the lack of proper randomization; insufficient blinding; unclear inclusive criteria in terms of diagnostic criteria, baseline staging, and duration of disease; lack of proper sample size calculation; and insufficient data analysis. Imbalances in gender and ethnicity among the patients in the included trials were observed. No major adverse events emerged, and no specific pattern was detected from the trials describing such data. In addition to major methodological defects, heterogeneity in (1) HM tested, (2) control treatment, and (3) outcome measure hindered in-depth data analysis and synthesis. Current evidence is insufficient to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various HMs. Further studies with improved trial design and reporting, with assessment on cost-effectiveness, quality of life, and qualitative data are warranted.
A CMOS Image Sensor with a Column-Level Multiple-Ramp Single-Slope ADC (2007)

A CMOS image sensor uses a column-level ADC with a multiple-ramp single-slope (MRSS) architecture. This architecture has a 3.3times shorter conversion time than classic single-slope architecture with equal power. Like the single-slope ADC, the MRSS ADC requires a single comparator per column, and, additionally, 8 switches and some digital circuitry. A prototype in a 0.25 μm CMOS process has a frame rate 2.8times that of a single-slope ADC while dissipating 24% more power.
Packaging materials for fermented milk: effects of material crystallinity and polarity on food quality (2001)

Abstract The ability of a packaging material to protect the food product and extend its shelf‐life depends on several material properties. In this work the effects of material crystallinity and polarity on the quality of fermented milk were studied. The fermented milk is a high‐quality Swedish product, similar to yoghurt. The quality of the food product was determined as a function of storage time by containing the liquid in pouches of different materials. The material crystallinity was varied by using very low‐density polyethylene, high‐density polyethylene and aluminium laminate as packaging materials. Aluminium was used on account of its ‘100%’ gas‐tightness. The polarity was varied by comparing an aliphatic polyketone with polyethylene of similar crystallinity. The carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) contents in the headspace of the pouches were determined. The food quality was determined by measuring whey syneresis, viscosity and the content of desired Bifidobacteria, as well as of undesired yeast and mould. A trained taste panel determined the degree of acidity and of the sparkling taste. It was found that the content of CO 2 increased and that of O 2 decreased in the pouches with increasing degree of crystallinity and increasing polarity. The sparkling taste of fermented milk was a clear function of the headspace CO 2 content. The data presented here could thus be used to ‘design’ a package for a desired sparkling taste of the fermented milk by selecting a certain material crystallinity. Whey syneresis, viscosity and content of Bifidobacteria were found to be independent of pouch material. While the degree of whey syneresis and the viscosity increased with increasing storage time, the content of Bifidobacteria slowly decreased. The content of yeast and mould in the liquid was below the existing limit values for foodstuffs. The degrees of acidity and sparkling taste were highest for the liquids contained in aluminium and polyketone pouches, although the differences in acidulous taste between the various pouch materials were small. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Report on the ad-hoc track of the INEX 2005 workshop (2006)

The INitiative for the Evaluation of XML retrieval (INEX) has, since 2002, been working towards the goal of establishing an infrastructure, in the form of a large XML test collection and appropriate scoring methods, for the evaluation of content-oriented XML retrieval systems. In 2005, 47 organizations registered to participate in INEX. Throughout the year a number of groups dropped out due to resource requirements, while 11 further groups joined. INEX 2005 concluded with a total of 41 active groups. In addition to the main ad-hoc retrieval track, six further research tracks were included in INEX 2005, each studying different aspects of XML information access: interactive, relevance feedback, heterogeneous, natural language processing, and two new tracks for 2005, multimedia and document mining tracks.
Hybrid beamforming for 5G millimeter-wave multi-cell networks (2018)

Multi-cell wireless systems usually suffer both intra-cell and inter-cell interference, which can be mitigated via coordinated multipoint (CoMP) techniques. Previous works on multi-cell analysis for the microwave band generally consider fully digital beamforming that requires a complete radio-frequency chain behind each antenna, which is less practical for millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems where large amounts of antennas are necessary to provide sufficient beamforming gain and to enable transmission and reception of multiple data streams per user. This paper proposes four analog and digital hybrid beamforming schemes for multi-cell multi-user multi-stream mmWave communication, leveraging CoMP. Spectral efficiency performances of the proposed hybrid beamforming approaches are investigated and compared using both the 3rd Generation Partnership Project and NYUSIM channel models. Simulation results show that CoMP based on maximizing signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio can improve spectral efficiency as compared to the no-coordination case, and spectral efficiency gaps between different beamforming approaches depend on the interference level that is influenced by the cell radius and the number of users per cell.
Universal design: Lessons for wearable computing (2003)

When we as developers and designers create a system that requires user interaction-whether it is computer software, a kitchen appliance, or a door knob-we often fall victim to a common mistake: we use ourselves as the model for our system's potential users. Even developing for an "average user" is a pitfall that results in numerous users whose needs are overlooked. The average user might account for the largest spike under a bell curve, but nonaverage users account for a much larger percentage of the general population. Additionally, the number of people possessing all of the average attributes being considered in a design is very small. So, the designers' goal should be to broaden the section of the bell curve that their system targets. This concept is called universal design, and it's especially important in wearable computing because using a system while mobile and while in different environments can have a major effect on its usability.
Human cytolytic T lymphocyte interactions with vascular endothelium and fibroblasts: role of effector and target cell molecules. (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against cell surface structures have been used to identify several molecules involved in the interaction of human cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) with lymphoid and other bone marrow-derived targets. In allograft rejection or in graft-vs-host disease, however, major cellular targets are vascular and stromal cells, especially endothelium. Yet little is known about whether the same cell surface molecules are involved in the interactions of CTL with these cell types. We assessed the ability of mAb against effector or target cell structures to inhibit cytolysis of susceptible, cultured human vascular endothelium or dermal fibroblasts by a cloned human CTL line. Using mAb reactive with T3, T4, LFA-1, LFA-2, LFA-3, and HLA-DR, we found a qualitatively similar but quantitatively different pattern of inhibition of cytolysis as previously established for lymphoid targets by using the same CTL clone. These results have two implications: 1) the target cell structures recognized by CTL molecules such as T4, LFA-1 and LFA-2 are present on diverse cell types; and 2) the relative importance of such interactions may vary with target cell type. Furthermore, our studies provide several insights into the mechanisms of the interacting molecules. Our model system, and the use of pathophysiologically important target cells, may be useful for further analysis of CTL-mediated immune injury.
Pulse Propagation Along Single-Wire Electric Fences (2008)

This paper presents a semianalytical technique that predicts the propagation characteristics of high-voltage (HV) transient pulses along a single-wire electric fence line with an earth return. The technique models the fence line in the frequency domain to facilitate an analytical solution for the propagation of HV pulses along the line. The frequency-domain solution is then transformed into time domain through a numerical Laplace inversion algorithm to determine the propagation characteristics of the line at a given location and time. For various line conditions, the propagation characteristics of HV pulses are investigated, and results indicate that the parameters of fence lines are frequency dependent, and an accurate insight into the propagation characteristics of HV pulses along single-wire fence lines can only be achieved through a frequency-dependent fence model. As confirmed by simulations of power systems computer-aided design, the proposed technique based on a frequency-dependent fence model is accurate, and can be considered an invaluable tool for designing complicated electric fence networks.
300 kW Switched Reluctance Generator for Hybrid Vehicle Applications (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The switched reluctance generator, because of its simple and robust structure, is attractive as an auxiliary power unit (APU) in lightweight, high-speed and high power military, and other types of vehicles. In this paper, investigation and design analysis of a 300 kW switched reluctance generator is presented. Five different designs of the machine are evaluated to provide 300 kW at 30,000 rpm, 60,000 rpm, and at 100,000 rpm. The different designs are compared in terms of size, weight, efficiency, and torque. Analyses of the mechanical stress and critical speeds are also presented. Recommendations are presented for the selection of the best design methodology for APU application in Hybrid vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
The recognition of surgical tools based on attention mechanism (2023)

Abstract The application of deep learning technology in healthcare has been widely studied, but there has been limited research on the management of surgical tools. Therefore, we propose a study focusing on the recognition and classification of surgical tools to reduce the risk caused by their loss. Firstly, we design a surgical tool collection system and construct a commonly used surgical tool dataset (STD). Secondly, we investigate two embedding strategies using an attention mechanism in the benchmark network to select suitable tool recognition methods. The first strategy is to embed attention in the base module of the extraction network, known as the embedding strategy. The second strategy is to embed attention in the last step before prediction, called the additional strategy. Our experimental results show that the performance of the additional strategy is superior to that of the embedded strategy in the surgical tool detection task. Using the additional strategy with the improved Yolov5s network based on SimAM attention resulted in an average accuracy of 0.972 while keeping GFLOPs unchanged. The model proposed in this paper outperformed advanced models and showed performance improvement on STD.
A Study of Layout Strategies for Lowering RF CMOS Device Tolerances (1999)

Although tolerance levels for CMOS devices at gigahertz frequencies constitute a major challenge to RF-IC designers, little has been published about this subject. This paper presents a large number of measurements on various devices; including capacitors, inductors, and MOSFETs. The devices have been fabricated in four different standard submicron CMOS technologies. The reliability issues of on-wafer measurements are covered and a link to robust test fixture design is made. To establish a methodology for reducing tolerances of RF CMOS devices, various component layout techniques are studied. Advanced configurations such as fractal capacitors, shielded multi-level inductors, and multi-fingered transistors have been attempted. Besides from enhancing the component performance, many of these techniques are useful for lowering device spread as well.
Optimal PNNI complex node representations for restrictive costs and minimal path computation time (2000)

The private network-to-network interface (PNNI) protocol, which specifies how topology information is to be distributed in an ATM network, allows ATM switches to be aggregated into clusters called peer groups. Outside of a peer group its topology is aggregated into a single logical node. This method can be applied recursively so that PNNI can hierarchically aggregate network topology state information. To provide good accuracy in choosing optimal paths in a PNNI network, the PNNI standard provides a way to represent a peer group with a structure called the complex node representation. It allows the cost of traversing the peer group between any ingress and egress to be advertised in a compact form. Complex node representations using a small number of links result in a correspondingly short path computation time and therefore in good performance. It is, therefore, desirable that the complex node representation contains as few links as possible. This paper considers the class of complex node representations for which the path computation time is minimal. It assumes that the path selection is based on restrictive costs, such as bandwidth, and considers the symmetric case. It presents a method for constructing the set of the optimal complex node representations in the sense that they use the minimum possible number of links. Central to the development of this method is the establishment of the optimal substructure property of the optimal complex node representations.
Constraints on the CKM angle γ from B± → Dh± decays using D → h±h′∓π0 final states (2022)

A bstract A data sample collected with the LHCb detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb − 1 is used to measure eleven CP violation observables in B ± → Dh ± decays, where h is either a kaon or a pion. The neutral D meson decay is reconstructed in the three-body final states: K ± π ∓ π 0 ; π + π − π 0 ; K + K − π 0 and the suppressed π ± K ∓ π 0 combination. The mode where a large CP asymmetry is expected, B ± → [ π ± K ∓ π 0 ] D K ± , is observed with a significance greater than seven standard deviations. The ratio of the partial width of this mode relative to that of the favoured mode, B ± → [ K ± π ∓ π 0 ] D K ± , is R ADS( K ) = (1 . 27 ± 0 . 16 ± 0 . 02) × 10 − 2 . Evidence for a large CP asymmetry is also seen: A ADS( K ) = −0 . 38 ± 0 . 12 ± 0 . 02. Constraints on the CKM angle γ are calculated from the eleven reported observables.
Software in semiconductor manufacturing: peripeteias and prospects (Conference Presentation) (2019)

We explore role of software modeling in semiconductor manufacturing and contrast it with the roles that modeling plays in other fields of human activity. Major trends and challenges in physical and compact process modeling are discussed. We contemplate complexities arising from their multi-dimensional nature. The landscape of Optical Proximity Correction and satellite applications is surveyed. Instructive examples are collected that demonstrate shortcomings of our intuition while dealing with complex systems and parameter interactions. We ponder over the scientific and business opportunities of new promising techniques and prospective applications.
Relative Permeability Modifier and Scale Inhibitor Combination in Fracturing Process at San Francisco Field in Colombia, South America (2002)

Abstract Water production in the San Francisco field in Colombia is characterized by a severe carbonate scaling tendency, particularly in the lower Caballos zone. Following several fracture stimulation treatments which incorporated RPM (Relative Permeability Modifier) in San Francisco field, it was observed that, although the RPM decreased the anticipated water production, there was an undesirable effect in regard to scaling problems. Some wells ended up losing a portion of the increased production which had been gained by using the RPM fracturing process. This decrease in production was attributed to carbonate scaling after the wells were back on production for several months. A well candidate was chosen (San Francisco 60) and laboratory flow tests were performed in representative cores to determine if a detrimental impact would occur in regard to the ability of the RPM to function properly when the scale inhibitor was part of a combined treatment. Based on these results, a combined fracturing treatment which incorporated a water reduction agent (RPM) in combination with a scale inhibitor was performed in the SF 60 well. To our knowledge, this was the worlds first combined application of an RPM and scale inhibitor in a hydraulic fracture treatment. Further, this new systematic approach to two very difficult problems yielded excellent results: Following the treatment, the well increased production by almost 10 fold while at the same time, water cut was reduced by 30%. This procedure reduced the cost of water management and associated scaling problems, which had been common in this field. This new system has created many more fracture stimulation opportunities which in the past had not been considered economically attractive. The work described in this paper is the result of a true team effort (operator/Service company) and describes the focus in solving several production problems (as experienced in San Francisco field) which resulted in a multi-purpose treatment. The net result of the method developed is fewer required stimulation/workover jobs while maintaining the same or increased hydrocarbon production, and less water (which also translates into lower lifting costs). This paper will present the following: Data illustrating the type of production problems being experienced in the San Francisco field The results of approaching the water production issues and scaling tendencies individually The laboratory evaluation techniques and data obtained when combining the individual treatments into a "system" The resulting "job design," treatment, and production response when the combination stimulation/water control/scaling treatment was actually put into practice.
A Modular, Hydroxyapatite‐Binding Version of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2010)

We report a modular peptide that mimics the pro-angiogenic properties of vascular endothelial growth factor and the hydroxyapatite-binding ability of bone protein osteocalcin. It binds rapidly and efficiently to hydroxyapatite, and locally induces early pro-angiogenic activities, including endothelial cell proliferation and migration both when it exists in a soluble form and when it is immobilized on a hydroxyapatite biomaterial.
Metabonomic Variations Associated with AOM-Induced Precancerous Colorectal Lesions and Resveratrol Treatment (2012)

Resveratrol (Res), 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, is an antioxidant found in the skin of red grapes and in several other plants. This phenolic compound has been recently reported to possess cancer chemopreventive activity that inhibits the process of carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects remain largely unresolved. In this study, we investigated the chemoprotective effects of dietary Res in an azoxymethane (AOM) induced precancerous colorectal lesion model in male Wistar rats. The metabolic alterations in urine, sera, and colonic tissues of experimental rats perturbed by AOM intervention as well as the Res treatment were measured by a gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) analysis. Significant alterations of metabolites were observed in AOM group in urine, sera, and colonic tissues, which were attenuated by Res treatment and concurrent with the histopathological improvement with significantly decreased aberrant crypt foci (ACF) incidence. Representative metabolites include depleted glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (ketone body), hypoxanthine, and elevated branched chain amino acids (isoleucine and valine) and tryptophan in colonic tissue, as well as elevated serum aminooxyacetate and urinary 4-hydroxyphenylacetate and xanthurenate. These metabolic changes suggest that the preventive effect of Res is associated with attenuation of impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and elevated protein breakdown in colonic tissues from AOM-exposed rats. It also appears that Res induced significant metabolic alterations independent of the AOM-induced metabolic changes. The significantly altered metabolites identified in Res-AOM group relative to AOM group include arachidonate, linoleate, glutamate, docosahexaenoate, palmitelaidate, 2-aminobutyrate, pyroglutamate, and threonate, all of which are involved in inflammation and oxidation processes. This suggests that Res exerts the chemopreventive effects on ACF formation by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in addition to amelioration of AOM-induced mitochondrial disruption.
Advanced Algorithms for Molecular Dynamics Simulation (1995)

A collection of algorithms is presented to allow for the efficient computation of the dynamics of large systems of macromolecules and solvent. Application of the Fast Multipole Algorithm coupled with the Distance Class Algorithm, a multiple timestep method, permits the evaluation of unlimited long-range interaction at a cost lower than that of conventional cutoff calculations. A new method for the calculation of analytical surface areas and derivatives, the Circle Intersection Method (CIM), is also described. The CIM is at least 2—3 times faster than existing exact analytic methods. All methods described in this paper are designed to be scalably parallel, meaning that resource requirements grow at most linearly with the size of the system and are inversely proportional to the number of processing nodes for sufficiently large systems. The experimental program PMD, designed to implement these methods, is described and plans for its future development with emphasis on advanced solvent modeling is outlined. PMD is made freely available at this point to provide a flexible testing ground for advanced algorithms to all interested researchers.