gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubilization and reconstitution of renal vasopressin receptors (1987)

The complex microenvironment of diabetic wounds often hinders the healing process, ultimately leading to the formation of diabetic foot ulcers and even death. Dual monitoring and treatment of wounds can significantly reduce the incidence of such cases. Herein, a multifunctional Janus membrane (3D chitosan sponge-ZE/polycaprolactone nanofibers-ZP) was developed by incorporating the zinc metal-organic framework, europium metal-organic framework, and phenol red into nanofibers for diabetic wound monitoring and treatment. The directional water transport capacity of the resulting Janus membrane allows for unidirectional and irreversible drainage of wound exudate, and the multifunctional Janus membrane creates up to a 99% antibacterial environment, both of which can treat wounds. Moreover, the pH (5-8) and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (0.00-0.80 μM) levels of the wound can be monitored using the color-changing property of phenol red and the fluorescence characteristic of Eu-MOF on the obtained membrane, respectively. The healing stages of the wound can also be monitored by analyzing the RGB values of the targeted membrane images. This design can more accurately reflect the wound state and treat the wound to reduce bacterial infection and accelerate wound healing, which has been demonstrated in in vivo experiments. The results provide an important basis for early intervention in diabetic patients.
Histamine receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1 (2023)

Histamine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Histamine Receptors [80, 174]) are activated by the endogenous ligand histamine. Marked species differences exist between histamine receptor orthologues [80]. The human and rat H3 receptor genes are subject to significant splice variance [12]. The potency order of histamine at histamine receptor subtypes is H3 = H4 &gt; H2 &gt; H1 [174]. Some agonists at the human H3 receptor display significant ligand bias [183]. Antagonists of all 4 histamine receptors have clinical uses: H1 antagonists for allergies (e.g. cetirizine), H2 antagonists for acid-reflux diseases (e.g. ranitidine), H3 antagonists for narcolepsy (e.g. pitolisant/WAKIX; Registered) and H4 antagonists for atopic dermatitis (e.g. adriforant; Phase IIa) [174] and vestibular neuritis (AUV) (SENS-111 (Seliforant, previously UR-63325), entered and completed vestibular neuritis (AUV) Phase IIa efficacy and safety trials, respectively) [217, 8].
Biotinylated Anisomycin:  A Comparison of Classical and “Click” Chemistry Approaches (2007)

Two approaches to the synthesis of biotinylated derivatives of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathway activator anisomycin have been investigated. Attachment of the biotin moiety to the central core was achieved either through the use of a classical displacement reaction on alpha-halo carbonyl derivatives of biotin or through a copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition ("click") coupling of biotinylated azides to propargyl-marked analogues of anisomycin. In each case, the resultant N-linked molecular probes were found to be active in SAPK pathway immunoblot assays, while their O-linked counterparts were inactive. However, in sharp contrast to the classical coupling approach which results in low coupling yields, the aqueous "click" coupling process was found to deliver high yields of biotinylated probes, making it the conjugation method of choice. A survey of the available methods for the addition of a propargyl marker onto a range of chemical functionalities strongly suggests that this copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition approach to biotinylation may be generally applied.
On reusing ephemeral keys in Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocols (2010)

A party may choose to reuse ephemeral public keys in a Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol in order to reduce its computational workload or to mitigate against denial-of-service attacks. In this note, we show that small-subgroup attacks can be successfully launched on some Diffie-Hellman protocols that reuse ephemeral keys if domain parameters are not appropriately selected or if public keys are not appropriately validated.
Poly (PEGDMA-MAA) copolymeric micro and nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery: A molecular mechanistic revisit (2017)

Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) based micro and nanoparticles were prepared for oral insulin delivery. The reactional profiles of MAA, PEGDMA and PEGDMA-MAA were elucidated using molecular mechanics energy relationships (MMER) in vacuum and in a solvated system by exploring the spatial disposition of different concentrations of polymers with respect to each other. Furthermore, the incorporation of insulin within the polymeric matrix was modeled using connolly molecular surfaces. The computational results corroborated with the experimental and analytical data. The ability to effectively control blood glucose level coupled with the non toxic behavior of the nanoparticles renders them a potential candidate for insulin delivery.
Comparison of deionized and tap water activated with an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (2019)

Liquid-cathode discharge at atmospheric pressure has been excited by a direct current voltage above the surfaces of deionized and tap water. Gap voltage decreases with increasing discharge current, which suggests that the discharges above both the liquids belong to a normal glow regime. For a given discharge current, gap and power voltages of the discharge above deionized water are higher than those above tap water. The optical spectrum obtained from the water surface reveals that there are abundant active species related to oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor, which leads to changes in the pH value, conductivity, and concentrations of NO3−, NO2−, and H2O2 in liquid. Therefore, these parameters are investigated in the two liquids as functions of discharge current and plasma activation time. For both of them, the results show that the pH value decreases, while conductivity increment and concentrations of NO3−, NO2−, and H2O2 increase with increasing discharge current or activation time. Compared to activated tap water, deionized water has a lower pH value, while higher conductivity increment and concentrations of NO3−, NO2−, and H2O2 are observed after the same activation time and discharge current. Finally, these parameters are compared for different salt types and salt concentrations after plasma activation.
PERSPECTIVES ON HEAD INJURY RESEARCH (1985)

A review of the current medical and engineering literature provides sufficient understanding of head injury to direct meaningful research. Fruitful areas of research should emphasize a more complete evaluation of three dimensional translational and rotational motion of the dummy head during impacts associated with serious head injury. Accurate measurement of head dynamics will allow a more realistic analysis of the potential for brain injury at the known sites of primary vascular damage. The analysis procedure can rely on an advanced finite element model of the skull and brain; and, it can predict relative motion between brain and skull, and shear strains in the brain. (TRRL)
A distant trophoblast-specific enhancer controls HLA-G expression at the maternal–fetal interface (2016)

HLA-G, a nonclassical HLA molecule uniquely expressed in the placenta, is a central component of fetus-induced immune tolerance during pregnancy. The tissue-specific expression of HLA-G, however, remains poorly understood. Here, systematic interrogation of the HLA-G locus using massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) uncovered a previously unidentified cis-regulatory element 12 kb upstream of HLA-G with enhancer activity, Enhancer L Strikingly, clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated deletion of this enhancer resulted in ablation of HLA-G expression in JEG3 cells and in primary human trophoblasts isolated from placenta. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that Enhancer L specifically controls HLA-G expression. Moreover, DNase-seq and chromatin conformation capture (3C) defined Enhancer L as a cell type-specific enhancer that loops into the HLA-G promoter. Interestingly, MPRA-based saturation mutagenesis of Enhancer L identified motifs for transcription factors of the CEBP and GATA families essential for placentation. These factors associate with Enhancer L and regulate HLA-G expression. Our findings identify long-range chromatin looping mediated by core trophoblast transcription factors as the mechanism controlling tissue-specific HLA-G expression at the maternal-fetal interface. More broadly, these results establish the combination of MPRA and CRISPR/Cas9 deletion as a powerful strategy to investigate human immune gene regulation.
3‘-Substituted 7-Halogenoindirubins, a New Class of Cell Death Inducing Agents (2006)

Indirubins are kinase inhibitory bis-indoles that can be generated from various plant, mollusk, mammalian, and bacterial sources or chemically synthesized. We here report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of 3'-substituted 7-halogenoindirubins. Molecular modeling and kinase assays suggest that steric hindrance prevents 3'-substituted 7-halogenoindirubins from interacting with classical kinase targets of other indirubins such as cyclin-dependent kinases and glycogen synthase kinase-3. Surprisingly 3'-substituted 7-halogenoindirubins induce cell death in a diversity of human tumor cell lines. Although some 3'-substituted 7-halogenoindirubins appear to induce effector caspase-independent, nonapoptotic cell death, others trigger the landmarks of classical apoptosis. A structure-activity relationship study was performed to optimize 3'-substituted 7-halogenoindirubins with respect to solubility and cell death induction. Despite their unidentified targets, 3'-substituted 7-halogenoindirubins constitute a new promising family of antitumor agents.
Abstract 1293: A novel protide purine antimetabolite combines with the prodrug glutamine antagonist JHU395 in preclinical models of Ras-driven sarcomas (2021)

Early clinical investigations of a glutamine antagonist in combination with a purine antimetabolite in pediatric cancers had promise but excessive gastrointestinal toxicity. We recently described that the well-tolerated glutamine antagonist prodrug JHU395 impeded tumor growth in Ras-driven sarcoma models with significant effects on nucleotide metabolites. We therefore investigated the combination of the purine antimetabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) with JHU395 in NF1-mutant malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) models. 6-MP (10 micromolar) inhibited growth of human MPNST cells as a single agent and in combination with low dose JHU395 (1 micromolar). However, at previously published doses in mice, single agent 6-MP (20 mg/kg i.p. daily) resulted in weight loss and elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a marker of hepatotoxicity. To limit GI and hepatotoxicity from methylated side products of 6-MP, we developed Protide-TGMP-905 (Pro-905), a phosphoramidate protide of the 6-MP active metabolite 6-TGMP, which enables delivery of active monophosphorylated nucleotide antimetabolite with minimal formation of hepatotoxic methylated 6-MP (Me6-MP) metabolites. When administered at 20% of the 6-MP dose, Pro-905 treated mice (10 mg/kg i.p. daily) experienced similar myelosuppression, an indication of active metabolite formation, without elevation of ALT. One hour following Pro-905 administration (10 mg/kg i.p.) 6-TGMP was detectable in mouse plasma (0.25 nmol/ml), whereas one hour following 6-MP administration 6-TGMP in plasma was below the limit of detection. When administered to flank MPNST mice at this dose, Pro-905 inhibited tumor growth as a single agent and abrogated tumor growth in combination with JHU395 (Day 10 log2-fold change tumor volume: Vehicle = 2.81, Pro-905 = 1.66, JHU395 = 1.76, Combination = 0.31) and improved survival compared to vehicle (Median survival: Vehicle = 15 days, Combination = 23 days). Tumor metabolomics studies were performed to investigate metabolic differences between single agent JHU395, Pro-905, and combination treated mice. Protide purine antimetabolites in combination with glutamine antagonists are tolerated and efficacious in Ras-driven sarcoma models in preclinical studies. Citation Format: Kathryn M. Lemberg, Joanna Marie H. Aguilar, Jesse Alt, Marcela Krecmerova, Pavel Majer, Rana Rais, Barbara Slusher. A novel protide purine antimetabolite combines with the prodrug glutamine antagonist JHU395 in preclinical models of Ras-driven sarcomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1293.
Non-invasive and high-throughput interrogation of exon-specific isoform expression (2021)

Expression of exon-specific isoforms from alternatively spliced mRNA is a fundamental mechanism that substantially expands the proteome of a cell. However, conventional methods to assess alternative splicing are either consumptive and work-intensive or do not quantify isoform expression longitudinally at the protein level. Here, we therefore developed an exon-specific isoform expression reporter system (EXSISERS), which non-invasively reports the translation of exon-containing isoforms of endogenous genes by scarlessly excising reporter proteins from the nascent polypeptide chain through highly efficient, intein-mediated protein splicing. We applied EXSISERS to quantify the inclusion of the disease-associated exon 10 in microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and screened Cas13-based RNA-targeting effectors for isoform specificity. We also coupled cell survival to the inclusion of exon 18b of FOXP1, which is involved in maintaining pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, and confirmed that MBNL1 is a dominant factor for exon 18b exclusion. EXSISERS enables non-disruptive and multimodal monitoring of exon-specific isoform expression with high sensitivity and cellular resolution, and empowers high-throughput screening of exon-specific therapeutic interventions.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Fluorine and Other Elements (into Organic Molecules) (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Particle size distribution is not the major factor explaining variable analyte transmission efficiency in liquid chromatography/particle beam/mass spectrometry (1995)

We characterized the particle size distribution and the analyte transmission efficiency of a liquid chromatography/particle beam/mass spectrometry (LC/PB/MS) system as a function of experimental variations normally used to optimize the LC/PB/MS system. The particle size distribution was evaluated using an electrical differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) and both the DMPS and the mass spectrometer were used to evaluate transmission. The latter results were correlated to provide evidence related to mechanisms which contribute to poor sample transmission. Addition of ammonium acetate buffer did not increase the aerosol particle mean diameter. However, it did lead to significant increases in caffeine transmission efficiency observed in both the DMPS and the mass spectrometer. Our results were interpreted to suggest a possible electrostatic cause for quantitative anomalies in LC/PB/MS rather than simple mass discrimination in the particle beam momentum separator.
Le système quaternaire Ca++K+H+NOH2O à 25° (1962)

Abstract (1) L'étude du système quaternaire Ca ++ K + H + NO H 2 O a montré que, à 25°, les composés suivants peuvent exister comme phases solides stables en équilibre avec des solutions aqueuses contenant Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , KNO 3 et HNO 3 : .
Realization of a nickel carbon eutectic fixed point with an optimized filling process monitored by the melting–freezing temperature difference measurement (2005)

A nickel carbon eutectic point was realized by a radiation thermometer for two geometrically different fixed point cells made by an optimized filling process. The process was based on monitoring the variation of the melting–freezing temperature difference as a function of the filling ratio of the cell. The integrity of construction and the filling endpoint could be confirmed by observing a clear convergence of the melting–freezing temperature difference as the filling ratio increases. From 14 sets of realizations with two different cells and two different spectral bands of the radiation thermometer, the eutectic temperature is determined to be 1328.73 °C with an expanded uncertainty of 0.22 °C (k = 2).
Novel Pyridodiindoles, Azadiindoles, and Indolopyridoimidazoles via the Fischer-Indole Cyclization (1993)

The scope of the Fischer-indole cyclization of 2-benzoyl-4-0x0-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-P-carboline (2) with various arylhydrazines is reviewed * AAH values were calculated with Gaussian80 using STOdG//STOJG energies.See reference 17. * (24a) was used as a point of reference
Case 52-1976 (1976)

Presentation of CaseA five-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of meningitis.He was well until 10 days previously, when a sore throat and fever developed. He was seen at another hospital, where erythromycin was prescribed. The sore throat improved, but fever persisted, with malaise, abdominal discomfort and a stiff neck. During the five days before entry his family noticed slight slurring of his speech and a tendency to sway to either side on walking. One day before admission he was seen at a second hospital. The white-cell count was 12,000, with a slight shift to the left. . . .
LAAS Study of Slow-Moving Ionosphere Anomalies and Their Potential Impacts (2005)

Triggered by several severe ionosphere storms that have occurred in recent years, research has been done to studying those anomalies, the physics behind them, and their potential impact on augmented GNSS users. In previous work [1-5], it was found that such ionosphere anomalies can threaten LAAS users under extreme conditions. To determine this, a spatial-gradient “threat model ” was established based on ionosphere storm data observed from WAAS and IGS since 2000. Maximum differential user vertical errors were estimated based on this threat model. Although LGF monitors can detect “moving fronts”, so-called “stationary fronts ” remain threatening since the LGF may never be able to observe it (e.g., if the ionosphere front stops moving at the worst
Supplemental Figure 1 Legend from Mutant KRAS Conversion of Conventional T Cells into Regulatory T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1 Legend&lt;/p&gt;
Microglial Signal Transduction as a Target of Alcohol Action in the Brain (2007)

Although alcohol is believed to exert deleterious effects on the nervous system in general, its specific effect on the brain's immune system remains poorly understood. In particular, the effects of alcohol consumption on the immune and inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS) have not been extensively investigated. Here, reviewed is the recent progress on how ethanol influences the signal transduction pathways of the inflammatory activation of brain microglia, which are thought to function as the resident immune defense system of the brain. Microglia are the CNS representatives of macrophages, which have the ability to clean up cellular debris. Microglia participate in neuroinflammation in response to various intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli. It has been recently suggested that microglial signal transduction is one of the main targets of ethanol action in the brain: ethanol exposure selectively modulates the intracellular signal transductions of microglia, rather than globally inhibiting signaling pathways in a nonspecific manner. Deregulation by ethanol of the inflammatory activation signaling of microglia may contribute to the derangement of CNS immune and inflammatory responses.
Frequency-Control-Aware Probabilistic Load Flow: An Analytical Method (2022)

Probabilistic load flow (PLF) calculation, as a fundamental tool to analyze transmission system behavior, has been studied for decades. Despite a variety of available methods, existing PLF approaches rarely take system control into account. However, system control, as an automatic buffer between the fluctuations in random variables and the variations in system variables (e.g., nodal voltages), has a significant impact on the final PLF result. To consider control actions' influence, this paper proposes the first analytical PLF method for the transmission grid that takes into account primary and secondary frequency controls. This method is based on a high-precision linear power flow model, whose precision is even further improved in this paper by an original correction approach. This paper also proves that if the joint probability distribution (JPD) of random variables is expressed by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), then the JPD of system variables is an infinite GMM. By leveraging this proposition, the proposed method generates the joint PLF of the whole system at the quasi-steady and steady states. The high accuracy and satisfactory efficiency of this method are verified on multiple test systems with different percentages of renewables.
Effect of remote patient management in peritoneal dialysis on haemodynamic and volume control (2020)

The RM-APD provides better control of peripheral blood pressure and decrease of central haemodynamic parameters via controlling the excess body water.
Blood Pressure Control and Diabetic Retinopathy (2009)

Diabetic retinopathy affects a significant proportion of people with diabetes. Epidemiological studies suggest that hypertension is related to diabetic retinopathy, and major clinical trials has provided clear evidence that controlling blood pressure in diabetic patients with hypertension reduces the incidence and progression of retinopathy and visual loss. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed that a 10 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure is associated with a 10% reduction in the risk of retinopathy. However, the UKPDS suggest that adequate blood pressure control must be maintained over time for sustained benefits on retinopathy and other microvascular complications. Recent trials suggest that there is a limit to retinopathy risk reduction achievable through lowering blood pressure to near normal levels. Newer trials also provide initial evidence that specific inhibition of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), particularly with angiotensin II-receptor blockers (ARB), may have an additional protective effect against retinopathy. Early detection of retinopathy through comprehensive dilated eye examinations by eye care providers, controlling modifiable risk factors (glucose, blood pressure and lipids) and appropriate referral for treatment are the cornerstones in management of diabetic retinopathy in the community.
Myristoylated and Nonmyristoylated Forms of a Protein Are Phosphorylated by Protein Kinase C (1989)

Activation of protein kinase C is thought to require association of the kinase with the cell membrane. It has been assumed that cellular substrates for the kinase must likewise be associated with membranes, and previous studies with membrane-associated myristoylated proteins have supported this view. It is now shown that a mutation that prevents the normal amino-terminal myristoylation of a prominent cellular substrate of protein kinase C, and appears to prevent its membrane association, does not prevent the normal phosphorylation of this protein in intact cells in response to phorbol esters. Thus, membrane association may not be required in order for protein kinase C substrates to undergo phosphorylation.