gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The implantable infusion pump: a new concept in drug delivery. (1979)

Several of our most useful drugs cannot be administered orally. This paper is a summary of our work with a new drug delivery system: a totally implantable, continuous infusion pump, with a self-contained inexhaustible power source. Currently, after bench tests and animal experimentation, we have initiated clinical series utilizing this device to treat individuals with refractory thromboembolic conditions by intravenous heparin, and patients with localized solid tumors by intra-arterial chemotherapy. The use of this device for the infusion of insulin in the management of diabetes mellitus is yet in the laboratory stage of development. In addition to improving dy-today diabetic control and obviating the need for daily insulin injections, this pump offers an ideal opportunity to test whether optimal blood glucose control can significantly prevent or delay the onset of the crippling vascular complications of diabetes. The potential uses of this device, in many fields, are myriad.
Superpixel-Based Spatiotemporal Saliency Detection (2014)

This paper proposes a superpixel-based spatiotemporal saliency model for saliency detection in videos. Based on the superpixel representation of video frames, motion histograms and color histograms are extracted at the superpixel level as local features and frame level as global features. Then, superpixel-level temporal saliency is measured by integrating motion distinctiveness of superpixels with a scheme of temporal saliency prediction and adjustment, and superpixel-level spatial saliency is measured by evaluating global contrast and spatial sparsity of superpixels. Finally, a pixel-level saliency derivation method is used to generate pixel-level temporal and spatial saliency maps, and an adaptive fusion method is exploited to integrate them into the spatiotemporal saliency map. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms six state-of-the-art spatiotemporal saliency models in terms of both saliency detection and human fixation prediction.
Accurate analytical method for the extraction of solar cell model parameters (1984)

Analytical expressions are derived for the rapid extraction of solar cell single diode model parameters from experimental data. The resulting parameter values are shown to have less than 5% error for most solar cells
One and multi-compartments toxico-kinetic modeling to understand metals’ organotropism and fate in Gammarus fossarum (2021)

The use of freshwater invertebrates for biomonitoring has been increasing for several decades, but little is known about relations between external exposure concentration of metals and their biodistribution among different tissues. One and multi-compartments toxicokinetic (TK) models are powerful tools to formalize and predict how a contaminant is bioaccumulated. The aim of this study is to develop modeling approaches to improve knowledge on dynamic of accumulation and fate of Cd and Hg in gammarid's organs. Gammarids were exposed to dissolved metals (11.1 ± 1.2 µg.L<sup>-1</sup> of Cd or 0.27 ± 0.13 µg.L<sup>-1</sup> of Hg) before a depuration phase. At each sampling days, their organs (caeca, cephalon, intestine and remaining tissues) were separated by dissection before analyses. Results allowed us to determine that i) G.fossarum takes up Cd as efficiently as the mussel M.galloprovincialis, but eliminates it more rapidly, ii) organs which accumulate and depurate the most, in terms of concentrations, are caeca and intestine for both metals; iii) the one-compartment TK models is the most relevant for Hg, while the multi-compartments TK model allows a better fit to Cd data, demonstrating dynamic transfer of Cd among organs.
Cover Feature: α‐Helix‐Mimetic Foldamers for Targeting HIV‐1 TAR RNA (Chem. Eur. J. 30/2019) (2019)

An α-helical synthetic protein mimetic strategy has been employed to disrupt the HIV TAR RNA-TAT assembly, which is a prerequisite for the proliferation of HIV virus. The cover picture demonstrates specific targeting of TAR RNA by an oligopyridylamide, which consequently attenuates the effect of HIV on the host cells. This approach is versatile and convenient, owing to the breadth of surface functionalities that could mimic numerous protein surfaces, and has the potential to be applied to a wide range of RNA–protein interactions that are associated with many diseases. More information can be found in the Communication by S. Kumar, A. D. Hamilton, et al. on page 7265.
Fundamental study of NOx control in catalytic combustion. Annual report, January-December 1992 (1993)

La(1-x)Sr(x)CoO3 perovskite and Sr(0.8)La(0.2)MnAl(11)O(19-alpha) hexaaluminate catalysts have been examined for methane combustion. While the hexaaluminate catalyst is more stable, it is less active for methane combustion compared to perovskites. More thermally stable catalysts have been synthesized by adding Ba and La to alumina to retard the formation of alpha-alumina. BET surface area as high as 26 sq. m/g has been observed for Ba-alumina after calcination at 1,200 deg C. Combustion results show that the catalyst can reduce NOx emission probably by destroying N2O, NOx precursor during combustion.
COVID‐19 pneumonia and pulmonary microembolism in a patient with B‐thalassemia major (2020)

We think that thalassemia is not necessarily a cause of aggravation of the clinical course in COVID-19; however, certain key factors must be considered, such as the anemic condition, the likely pathogenic role of the virus on hemoglobin, and the hypercoagulable state to prevent any complications.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of new biochemical and immunohistochemical parameters in chronic myeloid leukemia (2008)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem-cell disease characterized by multilineage expansion of clonal BCR/ABL+ cells. Transformation from chronic into accelerated and blast phase of CML is usually associated with drug resistance and is accompanied by typical clinical and/or laboratory features, such as splenomegaly, increase in precursor cells, disturbed megakaryopoiesis, basophilia or marrow fibrosis. Because of new treatment options, early recognition of disease-acceleration is of importance. In this article, we review most recent developments in diagnostic procedures employing basophil-related biochemical and histopathological markers. These tests are useful to quantitate basophil-lineage cells in the peripheral blood in CML, to determine and quantify basophilia in the bone marrow, and to detect focal accumulations of blast cells and megakaryocytes as well as increased angiogenesis and fibrosis in bone marrow sections. Application of these markers may assist in determining the phase of disease and may help to better predict the prognosis in individual patients.
Identification of Promoters Recognized by RNA Polymerase-σ E Holoenzyme from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (2007)

Thermus thermophilus sigma(E), an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor from the extremely thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB8, bound to the RNA polymerase core enzyme and showed transcriptional activity. With the combination of in vitro transcription assay and GeneChip technology, we identified three promoters recognized by sigma(E). The predicted consensus promoter sequence for sigma(E) is 5'-CA(A/T)(A/C)C(A/C)-N(15)-CCGTA-3'.
Confinement effects on the spatial extent of the reaction front in ultrathin chemically amplified photoresists (2001)

Sub-100 nm lithography poses strict requirements on photoresist material properties and processing conditions to achieve necessary critical dimension control of patterned structures. As resist thickness and feature linewidth decrease, fundamental materials properties of the confined resist polymer can deviate from bulk values and impact important processing parameters such as the postexposure bake (PEB) temperature. The effects of these confinement-induced deviations on image or linewidth spread have not been explored. In this work, we characterize the resist thickness dependence of the spatial extent of the reaction-diffusion process in a chemically amplified photoresist system under varying processing conditions. Bilayer samples are prepared with a lower layer of a protected polymer (p-tert-butoxycarboxystyrene) and a top layer of a de-protected polymer [poly(4-hydroxystyrene)] loaded with a photoacid generator. After flood exposure, PEB, and development, changes in the thickness of the protected polymer provide a measure of the spatial extent of the reaction front between the polymer layers. The velocity of the reaction front is significantly reduced with decreasing thickness of the protected polymer layer under identical processing conditions.
Wireless interconnects for 3D Network-on-Chip with embedded micro thermofluidic cooling channels (2015)

This work presents the design of wireless interconnects to provide a dynamic reconfiguring of a Networkon-a-Chip (WNoC) that responds to various demands such as thermal emergencies. The architecture is a novel 3D chip layering, with embedded micro cooling channels. Zigzag antennas are placed on the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layers, above and below the cooling channel and individually tuned, using HFSS, for return loss (RL) less than ™10dB at 60 GHz. The cooling layers are modeled as dielectric tubes with ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =1.75. The transmission coefficient between antennas demonstrates the feasibility of low power communication. It is also shown that at frequencies less than 10 GHz, there is no resonance for the antennas ensuring that there is no interference with the clock signals.
10 Gbps, 530 fJ/b optical transceiver circuits in 40 nm CMOS (2011)

This paper describes 10 Gbps optical modulator and receiver circuits designed for high energy efficiency in a 40 nm process. The transmitter consumes 135 fJ/b when bonded to an external silicon photonic ring modulator. The receiver, at −15 dBm sensitivity, consumes 395 fJ/b when bonded to an external photodiode.
Multiple Active States and Oligomerization of CCR5 Revealed by Functional Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies (2002)

CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is the principal coreceptor for macrophage-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We have generated a set of anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies and characterized them in terms of epitope recognition, competition with chemokine binding, receptor activation and trafficking, and coreceptor activity. MC-4, MC-5, and MC-7 mapped to the amino-terminal domain, MC-1 to the second extracellular loop, and MC-6 to a conformational epitope covering multiple extracellular domains. MC-1 and MC-6 inhibited regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory polypeptide-1beta, and Env binding, whereas MC-5 inhibited macrophage inflammatory polypeptide-1beta and Env but not RANTES binding. MC-6 induced signaling in different functional assays, suggesting that this monoclonal antibody stabilizes an active conformation of CCR5. Flow cytometry and real-time confocal microscopy showed that MC-1 promoted strong CCR5 endocytosis. MC-1 but not its monovalent isoforms induced an increase in the transfer of energy between CCR5 molecules. Also, its monovalent isoforms bound efficiently, but did not internalize the receptor. In contrast, MC-4 did not prevent RANTES binding or subsequent signaling, but inhibited its ability to promote CCR5 internalization. These results suggest the existence of multiple active conformations of CCR5 and indicate that CCR5 oligomers are involved in an internalization process that is distinct from that induced by the receptor's agonists.
High-resolution ISAR imaging based on photonic receiving for high-accuracy automatic target recognition (2022)

A scheme of high-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging based on photonic receiving is demonstrated. In the scheme, the linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulse echoes with 8 GHz bandwidth at the center frequency of 36 GHz are directly sampled with the photonic analog-to-digital converter (PADC). The ISAR images of complex targets can be constructed without detection range swath limitation due to the fidelity of the sampled results. The images of two pyramids demonstrate that the two-dimension (2D) resolution is 3.3 cm × 1.9 cm. Furthermore, the automatic target recognition (ATR) is employed based on the high-resolution experimental dataset under the assistance of deep learning. Despite of the small training dataset containing only 50 samples for each model, the ATR accuracy of three complex targets is still validated to be 95% on a test dataset with the equal number of samples.
Profound differences in IgE and IgG recognition of micro‐arrayed allergens in hyper‐IgE syndromes (2021)

The analysis with multiple micro-arrayed allergen molecules reveals profound differences of allergen-specific IgE and IgG recognition in PGM3 and STAT3 patients which may be useful for classification of IEI and clinical characterization of patients.
Drug Repurposing Identifies Inhibitors of Oseltamivir‐Resistant Influenza Viruses (2016)

The neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, oseltamivir, is a widely used anti-influenza drug. However, oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 influenza viruses carrying the H275Y NA mutation spontaneously emerged as a result of natural genetic drift and drug treatment. Because H275Y and other potential mutations may generate a future pandemic influenza strain that is oseltamivir-resistant, alternative therapy options are needed. Herein, we show that a structure-based computational method can be used to identify existing drugs that inhibit resistant viruses, thereby providing a first line of pharmaceutical defense against this possible scenario. We identified two drugs, nalidixic acid and dorzolamide, that potently inhibit the NA activity of oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 viruses with the H275Y NA mutation at very low concentrations, but have no effect on wild-type H1N1 NA even at a much higher concentration, suggesting that the oseltamivir-resistance mutation itself caused susceptibility to these drugs.
Potentiometric Biosensors Based on Molecular-Imprinted Self-Assembled Monolayer Films for Rapid Detection of Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (2022)

Rapid, yet accurate and sensitive testing has been shown to be critical in the control of spreading pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Current methods which are highly sensitive and can differentiate different strains are slow and cannot be conveniently applied at the point of care. Rapid tests, meanwhile, require a high titer and are not sufficiently sensitive to discriminate between strains. Here, we report a rapid and facile potentiometric detection method based on nanoscale, three-dimensional molecular imprints of analytes on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), which can deliver analyte-specific detection of both whole virions and isolated proteins in microliter amounts of bodily fluids within minutes. The detection substrate with nanoscale inverse surface patterns of analytes formed by a SAM identifies a target analyte by recognizing its surface nano- and molecular structures, which can be monitored by temporal measurement of the change in substrate open-circuit potential. The sensor unambiguously detected and differentiated H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A virions as well as the spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in human saliva with limits of detection reaching 200 PFU/mL and 100 pg/mL for the viral particles and spike proteins, respectively. The demonstrated speed and specificity of detection, combined with a low required sample volume, high sensitivity, ease of potentiometric measurement, and simple sample collection and preparation, suggest that the technique can be used as a highly effective point-of-care diagnostic platform for a fast, accurate, and specific detection of various viral pathogens and their variants.
Data-access optimization of embedded systems through selective inlining transformation (2005)

Spatial and temporal locality improvements, by loop and data-layout transformations, are today seen as key to obtaining energy and performance gains in data-dominated multimedia applications. With significant energy and time being spent in moving data between memory hierarchies, reducing the traffic by increasing locality is highly desirable. Techniques for improving locality can, however, are significantly constrained by function boundaries. While global optimization - across function boundaries - is often considered an alternative, the truth is that it does not allow contextual and specialized optimizations that are possible after inlining. In this paper, therefore, we present a systematic technique which assists locality optimizations techniques by selectively inlining functions that have strong data coupling between them. Results on realistic multimedia applications using our approach show an average 35% reduction in external data memory access, without any significant impact on the instruction memory (within 3%).
Cholesterol is accumulated by mycobacteria but its degradation is limited to non-pathogenic fast-growing mycobacteria (2000)

In this report we show that fast-growing non-pathogenic mycobacteria degrade cholesterol from liquid media, and are able to grow on cholesterol as a sole carbon source. In contrast, slow-growing mycobacteria, including pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), do not degrade and use cholesterol as a carbon source. Nevertheless, pathogenic mycobacteria are able to uptake, modify, and accumulate cholesterol from liquid growth media, and form a zone of clearance around a colony when plated on solid media containing cholesterol. These data suggest that cholesterol may have a role in mycobacterial infection other than its use as carbon source.Key words: mycobacteria, cholesterol, biodegradation.
Augmentation of brain tumor interstitial flow via focused ultrasound promotes brain-penetrating nanoparticle dispersion and transfection (2020)

The delivery of systemically administered gene therapies to brain tumors is exceptionally difficult because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB). In addition, the adhesive and nanoporous tumor extracellular matrix hinders therapeutic dispersion. We first developed the use of magnetic resonance image (MRI)-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles as a platform approach for transfecting brain tumors by targeting the delivery of systemically administered "brain-penetrating" nanoparticle (BPN) gene vectors across the BTB/BBB. Next, using an MRI-based transport analysis, we determined that after FUS-mediated BTB/BBB opening, mean interstitial flow velocity magnitude doubled, with "per voxel" flow directions changing by an average of ~70° to 80°. Last, we observed that FUS-mediated BTB/BBB opening increased the dispersion of directly injected BPNs through tumor tissue by >100%. We conclude that FUS-mediated BTB/BBB opening yields markedly augmented interstitial tumor flow that, in turn, plays a critical role in enhancing BPN transport through tumor tissue.
The Staub-Traugott effect. Evidence for multifactorial regulation of a physiological function (1982)

Previous exposure to large amounts of glucose facilitates the disposal of a subsequent load of the sugar (priming or Staub-Traugott effect). We have investigated whether, in man, the classical effect can also be induced by more physiological loads of glucose and whether a priming effect is accompanied by augmented insulin release. To facilitate interpretation of results, a second exposure to glucose was imposed at a time point following the first exposure when the subjects were again euglycaemic. Initial infusion of glucose significantly diminished the hyperglycaemia seen after the subsequent ingestion of 1.75 g/kg of glucose. The corresponding incremental insulin response was diminished while the integrated absolute levels of the hormone were unaffected by prior i.v. glucose. Initial ingestion of 0.5 g/kg of glucose slightly reduced the glycaemic but did not affect the insulin response to a second oral load. Initial ingestion of the same oral glucose load clearly facilitated the disposal of 12.5 g of glucose subsequently injected i.v. Again, this effect of priming with glucose was not accompanied by any priming effect on insulin levels. The lack of enhancement of peripherally measured insulin secretion seemed, if anything, to overestimate B-cell secretory rates since the ratio of insulin to C-peptide was increased (from 37 to 89) after priming with glucose, suggesting that the hepatic clearance of insulin was decreased during the second glucose challenge. It is concluded that (1) facilitation of glucose disposal by previous glucose administration can be induced by amounts of glucose equivalent to those associated with meal intake, (2) enhancement of insulin release is not an obligatory component of the facilitated glucose disposal, (3) decreased hepatic clearance of insulin may accompany the Staub-Traugott effect.
Surface modification of polymer materials by excimer laser processing (1998)

Interactions of polymer surfaces with excimer laser irradiation provide new techniques for surface modification of polymer materials. One is physical and chemical changes on polymer surface by laser ablation, and the other is a chemical change by laser-induced photochemical reactions. This paper focused on a morphological change on polymer films after laser ablation and a chemical change of fluorocarbon polymer film. This paper shows that the morphological change in laser- induced periodic surface structures in of interest is not only basic science but also industrial applications. In addition, we report that surface modification of fluorocarbon polymer has provided a new processing to fabricate printed wiring boards for high-frequency electronics.
New technologies for genetic manipulation of animal models: Forum introduction (2003)

The 21st century has emerged as the genetic era. Mapped human and mouse genetic codes are now integral parts of everyday research attempting to understand the mechanisms of disease processes. Improved technologies have made full genome sequencing for other mammalian species feasible in the not-so-distant future. Functional genomics and proteomics approaches are now attempting to translate massive libraries of genome sequences into a comprehensible functional context. In this regard, animal models are playing an increasingly important role in dissecting how complex biological systems integrate numerous genes to carry out functional programs and disease processes in intact organisms.
Antitoxin DinJ influences the general stress response through transcript stabilizer CspE (2011)

Antitoxins are becoming recognized as proteins that regulate more than their own synthesis; for example, we found previously that antitoxin MqsA of the Escherichia coli toxin/antitoxin (TA) pair MqsR/MqsA directly represses the gene encoding the stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS. Here, we investigated the physiological role of antitoxin DinJ of the YafQ/DinJ TA pair and found DinJ also affects the general stress response by decreasing RpoS levels. Corroborating the reduced RpoS levels upon producing DinJ, the RpoS-regulated phenotypes of catalase activity, cell adhesins and cyclic diguanylate decreased while swimming increased. Using a transcriptome search and DNA-binding assays, we determined that the mechanism by which DinJ reduces RpoS is by repressing cspE at the LexA palindrome; cold-shock protein CspE enhances translation of rpoS mRNA. Inactivation of CspE abolishes the ability of DinJ to influence RpoS. Hence, DinJ influences the general stress response indirectly by regulating cspE.