gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Pain in the Neck? Migraine Surgery in Patients With Prior Head or Neck Injury (2019)

PURPOSE: A high prevalence (≈37%) of prior head and neck injury has been reported in patients undergoing migraine headache (MH) surgery.1 Conservative medical treatment of posttraumatic MH has had limited success. It is unclear if MH surgery mirrors these unsatisfactory outcomes. In an effort to improve patient selection and preoperative counseling for MH surgery, it is critical to understand expected outcomes across specific populations, including the posttraumatic cohort. However, this subgroup has not been described in detail and their outcomes have not been compared to patients without a history of head or neck injury. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred forty-two subjects undergoing migraine surgery were prospectively enrolled. Preoperatively, patients were asked to complete a questionnaire on MH history, including the MH index (MHI) and information on prior head or neck injury. This included data on the nature of the injury, timing in relation to their MH, and whether they attributed their MH pain to the injury itself (precipitating event). The senior author performed all surgical procedures. Follow-up surveys were sent to all patients at 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Of the subjects included in this study, 50% (n = 71) reported a history of head or neck injury, and 30% (n = 42) classified the injury as the precipitating event leading to their MH. Patients who associated their injury with the onset of their MH were significantly less likely to have a positive family history of MH. There was no significant difference in mean preoperative MHI among the atraumatic (108.8 ± 80.0), traumatic (99.9 ± 92.5), and precipitating event (90.8 ± 90.1) cohorts. At 12 months postoperatively, there was no significant difference in MHI reduction between these 3 groups. The proportion of patients who experienced at least a 50% and 80% improvement in MHI per group, respectively, was 83% and 67% (atraumatic), 76% and 68% (traumatic) (P = 0.40), and 71% and 63% (precipitating event). The median follow-up time was 12.9 months (interquartile range, 11.8–15.2). CONCLUSIONS: Fifty percent of patients undergoing migraine surgery at our center report a history of head and neck injury. This finding corroborates a higher prevalence of head and neck injury in patients with migraine as compared to the general population.2 Further, this study suggests that outcomes in migraine surgery patients with a prior history of head and neck injury are comparable to those without injury. Migraine surgery candidates with a history of injury can therefore expect similar outcomes as reported for migraine surgery patients overall. REFERENCES: 1. Janis JE, Dhanik A, Howard JH. Validation of the peripheral trigger point theory of migraine headaches: single-surgeon experience using botulinum toxin and surgical decompression. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;128:123–131. 2. Couch JR, Lipton RB, Stewart WF, et al. Head or neck injury increases the risk of chronic daily headache: a population-based study. Neurology. 2007;69:1169–1177.
Ibrutinib targets mutant-EGFR kinase with a distinct binding conformation (2016)

Ibrutinib, a clinically approved irreversible BTK kinase inhibitor for Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) etc, has been reported to be potent against EGFR mutant kinase and currently being evaluated in clinic for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Through EGFR wt/mutant engineered isogenic BaF3 cell lines we confirmed the irreversible binding mode of Ibrutinib with EGFR wt/mutant kinase via Cys797. However, comparing to typical irreversible EGFR inhibitor, such as WZ4002, the washing-out experiments revealed a much less efficient covalent binding for Ibrutinib. The biochemical binding affinity examination in the EGFR L858R/T790M kinase revealed that, comparing to more efficient irreversible inhibitor WZ4002 (Kd: 0.074 μM), Ibrutinib exhibited less efficient binding (Kd: 0.18 μM). An X-ray crystal structure of EGFR (T790M) in complex with Ibrutinib exhibited a unique DFG-in/c-Helix-out inactive binding conformation, which partially explained the less efficiency of covalent binding and provided insight for further development of highly efficient irreversible binding inhibitor for the EGFR mutant kinase. These results also imply that, unlike the canonical irreversible inhibitor, sustained effective concentration might be required for Ibrutinib in order to achieve the maximal efficacy in the clinic application against EGFR driven NSCLC.
Locally delivered rhTGF‐β2 enhances bone ingrowth and bone regeneration at local and remote sites of skeletal injury (2001)

The purposes of the present study were to determine if recombinant human transforming growth factor-beta-2 (rhTGF-beta2) enhances bone ingrowth into porous-coated implants and bone regeneration in gaps between the implant and surrounding host bone. The implants were placed bilaterally for four weeks in the proximal humeri of skeletally mature, adult male dogs in the presence of a 3-mm gap. In three treatment groups of animals, the test implant was treated with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) and rhTGF-beta2 in buffer at a dose per implant of 1.2 microg (n = 6), 12 microg (n = 7), or 120 microg (n = 7) and placed in the left humerus. In these same animals, an internal control implant treated only with HA/TCP and buffer was placed in the right humerus. In a non-TGF-beta treated external control group of animals (n = 7), one implant was treated with HA/TCP while the contralateral implant was not treated with the ceramic. In vitro analyses showed that approximately 15%, of the applied dose was released within 120 h with most of the release occurring in the first 24 h. The TGF-beta treated implants had significantly more bone ingrowth than the controls with the greatest effect in the 12 microg/implant group (a 2.2-fold increase over the paired internal control (P = 0.004) and a 4-fold increase over the external control (P < 0.001)). The TGF-beta treated implants had significantly more bone formation in the gap than the controls with the greatest effect in the 12 and 120 microg groups (1.8-fold increases over the paired internal controls (P = 0.003 and P = 0.012, respectively) and 2.8-fold increases over the external controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively)). Compared to the external controls, the internal control implants tended to have more bone ingrowth (1.9-fold increase, P = 0.066) and had significantly more bone formation in the gap (1.7-fold increase. P = 0.008). Thus, application of rhTGF-beta2 to a porous-coated implant-stimulated local bone ingrowth and gap healing in a weakly dose-dependent manner and stimulated bone regeneration in the 3-mm gap surrounding the contralateral control implant, a site remote from the local treatment with the growth factor.
Zone plates for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy providing sub-micrometre resolution in the extreme ultraviolet regime (2019)

This article reports on the fabrication and testing of dedicated Fresnel zone plates for use at the nano-ARPES branch of the I05-ARPES beamline of Diamond Light Source to perform angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with sub-micrometre resolution in real space. The aim of the design was to provide high photon flux combined with sub-micrometre spot sizes. The focusing lenses were tested with respect to efficiency and spatial resolution in the extreme ultraviolet between 50 eV and 90 eV. The experimentally determined diffraction efficiencies of the zone plates are as high as 8.6% at 80 eV, and a real-space resolution of 0.4 µm was demonstrated. Using the zone-plate-based setup, monolayer flakes of the two-dimensional semiconductor WS<sub>2</sub> were investigated. This work demonstrates that the local electronic structure can be obtained from an area of a few micrometres across a two-dimensional heterostructure.
100 mm wafer-scale InP-based (&#x03BB;=1.6 &#x03BC;m) epitaxial transfer for hybrid silicon evanescent lasers (2008)

We report the large epitaxial transfer of 100 mm InP/InGaAs/InP wafers to Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates through a low-temperature (300 °C) O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> plasma-assisted wafer bonding process. Efficient vertical outgassing channels (VOCs) are developed to eliminate the fundamental obstacle of interfacial voids in bonding due to intrinsic chemical reactions. Generated gas species of H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> O and H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> can quickly diffuse to VOCs, etched through-holes to buried oxide layer (BOX), and absorbed by the BOX layer owing to the open network structure and large gas permeability. The interfacial void density is reduced from 55,000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> down to 3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> , more than five orders of magnitude reduction for appropriate design of VOCs. Uniform patterning of VOCs leads to a no outgassing “dead zone” across the entire bonding area, and decrease of the thermal mismatch-induced interfacial strain potentially as well, which both result in the wafer scale-independent bonding. The bonding strain is observed through X-ray rocking curve measurement conducted on both of a 2×2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> bonded pair and 100 mm wafer-scale bonding sample. A variety of devices have been fabricated using this technique. As one example, hybrid silicon evanescent distributed feedback (DFB) lasers integrated with monitor photodiodes have been fabricated using this bonding technique. These highly single mode lasers may find applications in computer interconnects.
Reaction of 2,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole with primary amines. Synthesis of 4‐substituted‐3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazoles (1989)

Abstract Reaction of 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole ( 1a ) with primary amines under a variety of conditions conveniently produced 4‐substituted‐3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4 H ‐1.2,4‐triazoles 4a in 26‐85% yield. Alkyl amines reacted with 1a in methanol at −42° to provide hydrogen‐bonded monoadduct‐methanol complexes 5a , as determined by X‐ray. The reaction of 1a with sterically hindered or strongly electron deficient anilines required high temperatures in the absence of solvent.
Electrically Conductive Polymers (2000)

Abstract An overview of the field of electrically conductive polymers is presented. The synthesis of conducting polymers is discussed with detailed sections describing polyacetylenes, polyphenylenes, polyheterocycles, poly(arylene vinylenes), and polyanilines. The preparations of conducting polymer blends, composites, and colloids are described. The concept of redox doping to form charge carriers on conjugated polymers and its effect on optical and electrical properties is given. The effect of polymer structure on electronic properties is demonstrated. The stabilities of conducting polymers are compared. A number of applications are outlined; these include charge storage batteries, conductive textiles, chemical biochemical sensors, electromagnetic shielding, antistatic coatings, gas separation membranes, electrochromism, and electroluminescence.
Electrostatics at the Origin of the Stability of Phosphate‐Phosphate Complexes Locked by Hydrogen Bonds (2012)

Stronger than you'd think: Ab initio calculations reveal that hydrogen bonds can lock phosphates into stable gas-phase complexes, showing that hydrogen bonding can overcome anion-anion repulsion. These complexes present a large energetic barrier of dissociation. The stability of the complexes can be explained in terms of the electrostatic interaction in the hydrogen-bond region.
Subunit Structure of the Phycobiliproteins of Blue-Green Algae (1971)

The phycobiliproteins of the blue-green algae Synechococcus sp. and Aphanocapsu sp. were characterized with respect to homogeneity, isoelectric point, and subunit composition. Each of the biliproteins consisted of two different noncovalently associated subunits, with molecular weights of about 20,000 and 16,000 for phycocyanin, 17,500 and 15,500 for allophycocyanin, and 22,000 and 20,000 for phycoerythrin. Covalently bound chromophore was associated with each subunit.
Simultaneous surface pressure and high-speed PIV measurements in stalled airfoil (2018)

The time-resolved velocity field (2D2C high-speed PIV) and surface pressure (pressure taps) of a stalled NACA0012 airfoil have been simultaneously measured. These measurements enable cross-evaluation of the velocity field and pressure time series. The present paper evaluates the flow field and surface pressure using POD, cross-correlation and conditional averaging. First, the flow and surface pressure are analysed independently. Both the time-average and the dynamic structures of the flow are presented. Distinct frequency bands are observed in the energy spectra of the surface-pressure signal. It is shown that a high-pressure event at the foremost pressure port (at x/c = 0.34) is followed by high-pressure events at the other pressure ports (x/c = 0.51-0.93), indicating a decaying pressure wave that travels over the surface with roughly half the free-stream velocity. Next, the link between the flow field and the surface pressure is explored. Using cross-correlation, it is shown that the pressure signal correlates with specific regions in the flow. Conditional averages of the flow fields, conditioned to high-pressure events at the surface, indicate that these pressure events are caused by coherent structures in the flow. These structures consist of a train of alternating vortices that induce velocity components toward and away from the surface, causing high-and low-pressure events at this surface. By filtering the pressure signal with different frequency bands, the flow structures responsible for different peaks in the energy spectra are recovered. A POD analysis indicates that the energy of the coherent flow structures leading to surface-pressure fluctuations only contain a fraction of the total energy of the flow. While POD and cross-correlation are applied to a full time-series, the conditional averages show that coherent structures in the flow can be identified in real-time using the surface pressure. Identification of coherent structures in the flow using only the surface pressure signal enables real-time control of such structures.
Thermal creation of a spin current by Seebeck spin tunneling (2013)

The thermoelectric analog of spin-polarized tunneling, namely Seebeck spin tunneling, is a recently discovered phenomenon that arises from the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient of a magnetic tunnel contact. In a tunnel junction with one ferromagnetic electrode and one non-magnetic electrode, a temperature difference between the two electrodes creates a spin current across the contact. Here, the basic principle and the observation of Seebeck spin tunneling are described. It is shown how it can be used to create a spin accumulation in silicon driven by a heat flow across a magnetic tunnel contact, without a charge tunnel current. The sign of the spin current depends on the direction of the heat flow, whereas its magnitude is anisotropic, i.e., dependent on the absolute orientation of the magnetization of the ferromagnet. The connection between Seebeck spin tunneling and the tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect, observed in metal magnetic tunnel junctions, is also clarified. Seebeck spin tunneling may be used to convert waste heat into useful thermal spin currents that aid or replace electrical spin current, and thereby improve the energy efficiency of spintronic devices and technologies.
Efficient Optimization and Uncertainty Analysis of Field Development Strategies by Incorporating Economic Decisions in Reservoir Simulation Models (2020)

Abstract Design, evaluation and approval of a field development plan is generally very iterative, requiring meetings, design and execution of simulation models, then financial reviews, back to updating and running the models, then financial evaluations again, and on and on. This paper presents a system (tools and processes) designed to significantly reduce the iterations of simulation runs and financial reviews. This is accomplished through implementing financial logic directly inside the model. This novel ability assesses and controls individual well operations every time step, eliminating the need to modify (and rerun) a model after every run due to financial review indicating a well is losing money and needs to be shut in or modified. Even with the simple model presented, with 23 wells, at least one new iteration would be required every time post run financial analysis indicates a well's operation needs modification due to its financial performance. This would require a minimum of 23 additional runs because changing a well will also impact the performance of other nearby wells. The system presented also provides the flexibility to configure multiple parameters into the model, enabling the automatic execution of multiple combinations of operational and financial scenarios. Such a capability enables the rapid analysis and review of parameter impacts resulting in the confidant selection of the best operating for the organization. The impact of financial realities is demonstrated through the simulation of operating five different field scenarios, each with its own combination of producers and injectors. A variety of operational and financial parameters were included. The results indicate that including financial parameters and decisions inside the simulation run significantly improves the usefulness of the production forecast and provides considerable efficiencies in the modeling and analysis processes.
Prediction of turbulence-cascade interaction noise using modal approach (2018)

&lt;p&gt;The turbulent wakes generated by a rotor interacting with outlet guide vanes is one of the dominant broadband noise sources in a turbofan engine. The present paper deals with the prediction of broadband noise due to the interaction of rotor wake turbulence with the OGV. The proposed approach aims to reproduce the two-point cross-spectral statistics of the turbulent velocity fluctuations at the OGV leading edges, which provides a complete specification of the rotor wake turbulence for broadband noise predictions. The approach proposed here is based on a superposition of vortical modes with the appropriate amplitudes. Three different vortical modes are compared for their reconstruction efficiency and accuracy: 1) Fourier modes, 2) Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) modes 3) Normal modes of the Linearized Euler Equations (LEE).&lt;/p&gt;
What is the role of planarity and torsional freedom for aggregation in a π-conjugated donor–acceptor model oligomer? (2020)

We compare the aggregation properties of two model compounds, differing in their stiffness, in solution by a combined spectroscopic and computational approach.
Development of stimulated scattering as a diagnostic for supercritical fluids (2003)

Summary form only given. The study of supercritical fluids and flows requires new diagnostic techniques. Currently available techniques such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) cannot be easily applied to supercritical fluids. We are examining stimulated scattering (stimulated Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman scattering) as a diagnostic for supercritical fluids. These techniques can provide information on the thermal, compressional, and compositional properties of supercritical fuels. With a single detection system, all three processes-Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman-can be measured. These processes together provide measurements of a wide range of material properties. Rayleigh scattering provides information on thermal properties, Brillouin scattering on compressional or elastic properties, and Raman scattering on chemical and compositional properties, density, and temperature.
Genome-wide association study identifies a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel ischemic stroke (2012)

Genetic factors have been implicated in stroke risk, but few replicated associations have been reported. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 3,548 affected individuals and 5,972 controls, all of European ancestry. Replication of potential signals was performed in 5,859 affected individuals and 6,281 controls. We replicated previous associations for cardioembolic stroke near PITX2 and ZFHX3 and for large vessel stroke at a 9p21 locus. We identified a new association for large vessel stroke within HDAC9 (encoding histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (including further replication in an additional 735 affected individuals and 28,583 controls) (rs11984041; combined P = 1.87 × 10 -11; odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-1.57). All four loci exhibited evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the stroke subtypes, with some and possibly all affecting risk for only one subtype. This suggests distinct genetic architectures for different stroke subtypes.
STRIDE (2013)

We propose STRIDE, a new DDoS-resilient Internet architecture that isolates attack traffic through viable bandwidth allocation, preventing a botnet from crowding out legitimate flows. This new architecture presents several novel concepts including tree-based bandwidth allocation and long-term static paths with guaranteed bandwidth. In concert, these mechanisms provide domain-based bandwidth guarantees within a trust domain - administrative domains grouped within a legal jurisdiction with enforceable accountability; each administrative domain in the trust domain can then internally split such guarantees among its endhosts to provide (1) connection establishment with high probability, and (2) precise bandwidth guarantees for established flows, regardless of the size or distribution of the botnet outside the source and the destination domains. Moreover, STRIDE maintains no per-flow state on backbone routers and requires no key establishment across administrative domains. We demonstrate that STRIDE achieves these DDoS defense properties through formal analysis and simulation. We also show that STRIDE mitigates emerging DDoS threats such as Denial-of-Capability (DoC) [6] and N2 attacks [22] based on these properties that none of the existing DDoS defense mechanisms can achieve.
Optimization of an α‐(Amino acid)‐N‐carboxyanhydride polymerization using the high vacuum technique: Examining the effects of monomer concentration, polymerization kinetics, polymer molecular weight, and monomer purity (2014)

ABSTRACT l ‐Ornithine‐based poly(peptides) have been widely utilized in the field of drug delivery, however few studies have been conducted examining the details of polymerization. In this article, the effects of monomer concentration, polymerization kinetics, polymer molecular weight and monomer purity were investigated using l ‐carboxybenzyl (Cbz)‐ornithine as a model monomer. The mechanism of polymerization herein follows the normal amine mechanism to produce poly(peptides) having controlled molecular weights, known chain ends and a narrow polydispersity index (PDI). A preferred monomer concentration range was determined, which required minimal polymerization times and allowed for predictable and reproducible molecular weights with narrow PDIs. The impact of monomer purity on the polymerization was established and monomer purification conditions are reported, which produce high‐purity monomer after a single recrystallization. Additionally, the optimized polymerization conditions and monomer purification protocol were combined with a sequential monomer addition technique to produce high molecular weight poly(ornithine) with a narrow PDI and known chain ends. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 1385–1391