gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An overview of LLNL high-energy short-pulse technology for advanced radiography of laser fusion experiments (2004)

The technical challenges and motivations for high-energy, short-pulse generation with NIF-class, Nd:glass laser systems are reviewed. High energy short pulse generation (multi-kilojoule, picosecond pulses) will be possible via the adaptation of chirped pulse amplification laser techniques on the NIF. Development of meter-scale, high efficiency, high-damage-threshold final optics is a key technical challenge. In addition, deployment of HEPW pulses on NIF is constrained by existing laser infrastructure and requires new, compact compressor designs and short-pulse, fiber-based, seed-laser systems. The key motivations for high energy petawatt pulses on NIF is briefly outlined and includes high-energy, x-ray radiography, proton beam radiography, proton isochoric heating and tests of the fast ignitor concept for inertial confinement fusion.
Calcium release and physical properties of modified carbonate apatite cement as pulp capping agent in dental application (2018)

The CAS cement had good mechanical and acceptable chemical properties for pulp capping application compared to calcium hydroxide as a gold standard. However, improvements and in vivo studies are to be carried out with the further development of this material.
Presence of heterocyclic amine carcinogens in home-cooked and fast-food camel meat burgers commonly consumed in Saudi Arabia (2017)

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are formed by cooking protein-rich foods, for instance, meat and fish, and are listed as possible human carcinogens. In the present study, the presence of five potential HCAs (IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and PhIP) in cooked camel meat burgers was analyzed for the first time. The analysis was performed in home-cooked and fast-food burger samples containing food additives. The applied cooking technique for the home-cooked samples was pan frying for a controlled cooking time and temperature. In the control cooked meat samples (samples that contained no food additives), the concentrations of MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and PhIP ranged from 2.47 ng/g to 4.89 ng/g, whereas IQ and MeIQ were found to be below the limit of quantification. The concentrations contents of MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and PhIP in the home-cooked and fast-food samples ranged from 1.52 ng/g to 2.13 ng/g and 1.85 ng/g to 3.46 ng/g, respectively. IQ and MeIQ were not detected in either type of sample. In comparison to the control samples, the home-cooked and fast-food samples produced lower levels of HCAs. Such observations could result from the existence of antioxidants in incorporated food additives, which induce pro-oxidative effects with the successive formation and/or scavenging of free radicals.
Are There Any Sensitive and Specific Sex Steroid Markers for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? (2010)

ABSTRACT Context Despite the high prevalence of hyperandrogenemia, the principal biochemical abnormality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a definitive endocrine marker for PCOS has so far not been identified. Objective To identify a tentative diagnostic marker for PCOS, we compared serum levels of sex steroids, their precursors, and main metabolites in women with PCOS and controls. Design and Methods In this cross-sectional study of 74 women with PCOS and 31 controls, we used gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to analyze serum sex steroid precursors, estrogens, androgens, and glucuronidated androgen metabolites; performed immunoassays of SHBG, LH, and FSH; and calculated the LH/FSH ratio. Results Androgens and estrogens, sex steroid precursors, and glucuronidated androgen metabolites were higher in women with PCOS than in controls. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, estrone and free testosterone were independently associated with PCOS. The odds ratios per sd increase were 24.2 for estrone [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.0-144.7] and 12.8 for free testosterone (95% CI, 3.1-53.4). In receiver operating characteristic analyses, the area under curve was 0.93 for estrone (95% CI, 0.88-0.98) and 0.91 for free testosterone (95% CI, 0.86-0.97), indicating high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Women with PCOS have elevated levels of sex steroid precursors, estrogens, androgens, and glucuronidated androgen metabolites as measured with a specific and sensitive mass spectrometry-based technique. The combination of elevated estrone (&amp;gt;50 pg/ml) and free testosterone (&amp;gt;3.3 pg/ml) appeared to discriminate with high sensitivity and specificity between women with and without PCOS.
Learning to Parameterize a Stochastic Process Using Neuromorphic Data Generation (2022)

Deep learning is consistently becoming more integrated into scientific computing workflows. These high-performance methods allow for data-driven discoveries enabling, among other tasks, classification, feature extraction, and regression. In this paper, we present a unique approach to solving an inverse problem—determining the initial parameters of a system from observed data—using not only deep learning-powered AI but also simulation data generated using neuromorphic, brain-inspired hardware. We find this approach to be both scalable and energy efficient, capable of leveraging future advancements both in AI algorithms and neuromorphic hardware.
Sex Effects on Gene Expression in Lacrimal Glands of Mouse Models of Sjögren Syndrome (2018)

Purpose Sjogren syndrome is an autoimmune disease that occurs primarily in women, and is associated with lacrimal gland inflammation and aqueous-deficient dry eye. We hypothesize that sex-associated differences in lacrimal gland gene expression are very important in promoting lymphocyte accumulation in this tissue and contribute to the onset, progression, and/or severity of the inflammatory disease process. To test our hypothesis, we explored the nature and extent of sex-related differences in gene expression in autoimmune lacrimal glands. Methods Lacrimal glands were collected from age-matched, adult, male and female MRL/MpJ-Tnfrsf6lpr (MRL/lpr) and nonobese diabetic/LtJ (NOD) mice. Glands were processed for the analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs by using CodeLink Bioarrays and Affymetrix GeneChips. Data were evaluated with bioinformatics and statistical software. Results Our results show that sex significantly influences the expression of thousands of genes in lacrimal glands of MRL/lpr and NOD mice. The immune nature of this glandular response is very dependent on the Sjogren syndrome model. Lacrimal glands of female, as compared with male, MRL/lpr mice contain a significant increase in the expression of genes related to inflammatory responses, antigen processing, and chemokine pathways. In contrast, it is the lacrimal tissue of NOD males, and not females, that presents with a significantly greater expression of immune-related genes. Conclusions These data support our hypothesis that sex-related differences in gene expression contribute to lacrimal gland disease in Sjogren syndrome. Our findings also suggest that factors in the lacrimal gland microenvironment are critically important in mediating these sex-associated immune effects.
Foreword: The improbability of life (2007)

I (and most scientists) would answer, “By accident.” But what an absolutely unlikely accident it must have been! The earth on which life first appeared – prebiotic earth – was most inhospitable: a violent place, wracked by storms and volcanoes, wrenched by the pull of a moon that was much closer than the one we know now, still battered by cosmic impacts. On its surface and in its oceans were myriads of organic compounds, some formed in processes occurring on earth, some imported by infalls from space. Out of this universe of tumult and molecules, somehow a small subset of chemical processes emerged and accidentally replicated, thus stumbling toward what became the first cells. How could such a chaotic mixture of molecules have generated cells? Order usually decays toward disorder: Why do the tracks that led to life point in the opposite direction?
Advanced Multilayer Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistor Structure: Film Thickness Effect on Its Electrical Performance and Contact Resistance (2008)

We report the intrinsic and extrinsic electrical characteristics of advanced multilayer amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistor (TFT) with dual amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNX:H) and a-Si:H layers. The thickness effect of the high electronic quality a-Si:H film on the transistor's electrical property was investigated; with increasing film thickness, both field-effect mobility and subthreshold swing show improvement and the threshold voltage remain unchanged. However, the contact resistance increases with the a-Si:H film thickness. Using the two-step plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, we fabricated TFT's with acceptable field-effect mobility (∼1 cm2 V-1 s-1) and threshold voltage (<1.5 V) with enhanced throughput.
Abstract 5089: Evaluation of BMP4 and BMP7 induced gene expression changes in breast cancer cells reveals time-dependent transcription patterns and a common synexpression group of genes (2012)

Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of growth factors. They are well-known for their key roles in the regulation of various developmental processes and bone formation, but in recent years, evidence has also accumulated of their crucial contribution in tumor biology. In particular, BMP4 and BMP7 have been implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. However, little is known about BMP target genes in the context of tumor cells. Here, we used whole-genome microarrays to explore the effects of BMP4 and BMP7 treatment on global gene expression levels in seven breast cancer cell lines during a 6-point time series. Several complementary methods, including hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes, gene ontology enrichment analyses and model based clustering of temporal data, were used for data analysis. Both BMP ligands had a strong influence on gene expression levels, although the response to BMP4 treatment was more pronounced as compared to BMP7. As might have been expected, the cellular functions most strongly affected by the stimulation of BMP signaling were regulation of transcription and development. The observed transcriptional response, as well as its functional outcome, followed a temporal sequence, where the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction was followed by changes in transcripts involved in metabolism and cell proliferation. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed distinct differences in the response of individual cell lines to BMPs, but also underlined a common synexpression group of genes for both ligands. Remarkably, the majority of the genes within these synexpression groups were shared by the two ligands, and thus these genes are likely to represent the core molecular responses common to BMP4 and BMP7 signaling pathways. Taken together, our data demonstrate that BMP signaling has a substantial effect on gene transcription in breast cancer cells and that the cellular functions affected follow a logical temporal pattern. Our results also reveal components of the cellular transcriptional response that are common to BMP4 and BMP7. Finally, our study provides a list of putative novel BMP target genes relevant in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5089. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5089
MP34-01 DEVELOPMENT AND DISSEMINATION OF A LOW COST THREE-DIMENSIONALLY PRINTED LAPAROSCOPIC TRAINER (2016)

The UCiTrainer is a low cost, portable laparoscopic trainer that utilizes an electronic tablet for video and optics; it can be printed with a consumer-level three-dimensional (3D) printer. We report our initial experience on the feasibility of using 3D printing technology as a novel method of manufacturing and distribution for low cost, surgical education tools on a global on demand basis.
Optimum compaction filters for cyclostationary signals (2002)

This paper considers the energy compaction problem for wide-sense cyclostationary (WSCS) signals. Periodic Nyquist-N filters and optimum compaction filters are defined and their properties examined. A procedure for designing compaction filters is given, and application to subband coding of WSCS signals is explored.
On linear MMSE based turbo-equalization of nonlinear volterra channels (2013)

This article deals with Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) turbo equalization of nonlinear interference using a volterra series decomposition of the underlying nonlinear channel. Although it has been often argued that linear MMSE based equalization is unsuited for cancelling nonlinear interference, we show that this common belief is not true in a strict sense. By a proper derivation of the linear based MMSE soft equalizer, we are able to show that the underlying structure of the equalizer is equivalent to a Soft Interference Canceller (SIC) treating both the linear and nonlinear interference. Based on these results, approximations are provided for lowering the computational complexity. Links to previously proposed “nonlinear” SIC are emphasized showing that the previously proposed structures are nothing but approximations of a linear MMSE receiver applied to nonlinear ISI channels. Simulations show that significant improvements can be achieved by using the proposed exact and approximate MMSE based turbo-equalizers.
Parameterized macromodeling of stochastic linear systems for frequency- and time-domain variability analysis (2018)

This paper presents a unique modeling framework able to describe general linear and passive systems depending on deterministic and stochastic parameters altogether. Once the stochastic macromodel is built, the variability analysis of the system under study can be accurately performed both in the frequency- and time-domain for any nominal value of the parameters considered in a suitable design space.
Compact Broadband Antennas with Series and Parallel Resonances (2021)

Multi-mode excitation with complementary resonance for radiation resonance is useful for broadbanding of electrically small antennas. Bandwidth of a small antenna with series resonance such as short dipole, small helical and meander line antennas can be expanded by using no-radiation parallel resonance. Another antenna type with parallel resonance like a microstrip antenna (MSA) is also able to get wideband characteristics using series resonance. We have studied compact broadband small antennas with multi-mode excitation and evaluated them in the view point of practical use. In the paper, we will show evaluation results of a miniaturizing factor, product of bandwidth and radiation efficiency ( B&#x03B7; product), for practical inverted-L antenna (ILA) and MSA.
Sophoricoside Analogs as the IL-5 Inhibitors from Sophora japonica (1999)

Fruits of Sophora japonica L. (Leguminosae) exhibited an inhibitory effect in the IL-5 bioassay of mIL-5-dependent Y16 proliferation. The isoflavonoids of sophoricoside, genistein, orobol, and genistin were isolated as the IL-5 inhibitors from fresh fruits of the plant by activity-guided fractionation. Among the IL-5 inhibitors, sophoricoside exhibited the highest inhibitory effect with 89% inhibition at 12.5 microM, 82% at 6.3 microM, 72% at 3.1 microM, 59% at 1.6 microM, and 24% at 0.8 microM where the 50% inhibition (IC50) was shown at the concentration of 1.5 microM. Oxyphenylbutazone as the positive control exhibited the IC50 value at the concentration of 31.7 microM. In the order of IC50 values the inhibitory potency in the IL-5 bioassay was sophoricoside > orobol (9.8 microM) approximately equal to genistin (10.6 microM) > genistein (51.9 microM). The position of O-glycosylation and number of hydroxy groups in the isoflavonoids seem to play an important role in the inhibitory effect in the IL-5 bioassay.
Improving energy efficiency for mobile platforms by exploiting low-power sleep states (2012)

Reducing energy consumption is one of the most important design aspects for small form-factor mobile platforms, such as smartphones and tablets. Despite its potential for power savings, optimally leveraging system low-power sleep states during active mobile workloads, such as video streaming and web browsing, has not been fully explored. One major challenge is to make intelligent power management decisions based on, among other things, accurate system idle duration prediction, which is difficult due to the non-deterministic system interrupt behavior. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, called E2S3 (Energy Efficient Sleep-State Selection), that dynamically enters the optimal low-power sleep state to minimize the system power consumption. In particular, E2S3 detects and exploits short idle durations during active mobile workloads by, (i) finding optimal thresholds (i.e., energy break-even times) for multiple low-power sleep states, (ii) predicting the sleep-state selection error probabilities heuristically, and by (iii) selecting the optimal sleep state based on the expected reward, e.g., power consumption, which incorporates the risks of making a wrong decision We implemented and evaluated E2S3 on Android-based smartphones, demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm. The evaluation results show that E2S3 significantly reduces the platform energy consumption, by up to 50% (hence extending battery life), without compromising system performance.
The power of primes: security of authentication based on a universal hash-function family (2010)

Abstract Message authentication codes (MACs) based on universal hash-function families are becoming increasingly popular due to their fast implementation. In this paper, we investigate a family of universal hash functions that has been appeared repeatedly in the literature and provide a detailed algebraic analysis for the security of authentication codes based on this universal hash family. In particular, the universal hash family under analysis, as appeared in the literature, uses operation in the finite field ℤ p . No previous work has studied the extension of such universal hash family when computations are performed modulo a non-prime integer n . In this work, we provide the first such analysis. We investigate the security of authentication when computations are performed over arbitrary finite integer rings ℤ n and derive an explicit relation between the prime factorization of n and the bound on the probability of successful forgery. More specifically, we show that the probability of successful forgery against authentication codes based on such a universal hash-function family is bounded by the reciprocal of the smallest prime factor of the modulus n .
Interferon removes its own receptors as it blocks the division of Daudi cells (1988)

The Burkitt-derived line, Daudi, whose proliferation is inhibited by human alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha), was treated with 125I-labelled recombinant human IFN-alpha A. After separation from unbound ligand, cell-bound IFN was extracted with the detergent digitonin yielding soluble and insoluble complexes of IFN and receptor, together with a certain amount of uncomplexed IFN. 1. Soluble complexes were stable enough to be separated from uncomplexed IFN by permeation chromatography. Treatment of soluble complexes with the bifunctional reagent, disuccinimidyl suberate, yielded a radioactive product separating with an Mr of 130,000 on electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. Similar complexes could be recovered with sodium dodecyl sulphate from the digitonin-insoluble residue, treated with the bi-functional reagent. 2. The total (soluble and insoluble) of complexed IFN obtained after digitonin extraction was a constant fraction (0.62) of the total cell-bound radioactivity, being independent of the concentration of IFN added to the cells (less than pM to greater than nM), and of the time of incubation (1 min to 20 h). However, between 30 min and 3 h of incubation, the insoluble complex increased, at the expense of the soluble complex, and there appeared a cellular pool of degraded ligand. From 3 h to 20 h the distribution of ligand-derived radioactivity remained constant while the total amount decreased to less than 10% of its value at 30 min. This decrease in binding was matched by the appearance of an equivalent quantity of radiolabelled fragments in the culture medium. 3. The inhibition of cellular division due to IFN was shown to be coincident with the disappearance of cellular binding and with the cell-mediated degradation of receptor-complexed IFN. We propose that IFN removes its own receptor and, in doing so, blocks a linked function necessary for the stimulated growth of Daudi cells.
Identifying tissues implicated in Anorexia Nervosa using Transcriptomic Imputation (2018)

Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and serious eating disorder, occurring in ~1% of individuals. Despite having the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, little is known about the aetiology of AN, and few effective treatments exist. Global efforts to collect large sample sizes of individuals with AN have been highly successful, and a recent study consequently identified the first genome-wide significant locus involved in AN. This result, coupled with other recent studies and epidemiological evidence, suggest that previous characterizations of AN as a purely psychiatric disorder are over-simplified. Rather, both neurological and metabolic pathways may also be involved. In order to elucidate more of the system-specific aetiology of AN, we applied transcriptomic imputation methods to 3,495 cases and 10,982 controls, collected by the Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC-ED). Transcriptomic Imputation (TI) methods approaches use machine-learning methods to impute tissue-specific gene expression from large genotype data using curated eQTL reference panels. These offer an exciting opportunity to compare gene associations across neurological and metabolic tissues. Here, we applied CommonMind Consortium (CMC) and GTEx-derived gene expression prediction models for 13 brain tissues and 12 tissues with potential metabolic involvement (adipose, adrenal gland, 2 colon, 3 esophagus, liver, pancreas, small intestine, spleen, stomach). We identified 35 significant gene-tissue associations within the large chromosome 12 region described in the recent PGC-ED GWAS. We applied forward stepwise conditional analyses and FINEMAP to associations within this locus to identify putatively causal signals. We identified four independently associated genes; RPS26, C12orf49, SUOX , and RDH16. We also identified two further genome-wide significant gene-tissue associations, both in brain tissues; REEP5 , in the dorso-lateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC; p=8.52×10 −07 ), and CUL3 , in the caudate basal ganglia (p=1.8×10 −06 ). These genes are significantly enriched for associations with anthropometric phenotypes in the UK BioBank, as well as multiple psychiatric, addiction, and appetite/satiety pathways. Our results support a model of AN risk influenced by both metabolic and psychiatric factors.