gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically Switchable Polarization in Bi2O2Se Ferroelectric Semiconductors (2023)

Atomically 2D layered ferroelectric semiconductors, in which the polarization switching process occurs within the channel material itself, offer a new material platform that can drive electronic components toward structural simplification and high-density integration. Here, a room-temperature 2D layered ferroelectric semiconductor, bismuth oxychalcogenides (Bi<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> Se), is investigated with a thickness down to 7.3 nm (≈12 layers) and piezoelectric coefficient (d<sub>33</sub> ) of 4.4 ± 0.1 pm V<sup>-1</sup> . The random orientations and electrically dependent polarization of the dipoles in Bi<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> Se are separately uncovered owing to the structural symmetry-breaking at room temperature. Specifically, the interplay between ferroelectricity and semiconducting characteristics of Bi<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> Se is explored on device-level operation, revealing the hysteresis behavior and memory window (MW) formation. Leveraging the ferroelectric polarization originating from Bi<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> Se, the fabricated device exhibits "smart" photoresponse tunability and excellent electronic characteristics, e.g., a high on/off current ratio > 10<sup>4</sup> and a large MW to the sweeping range of 47% at V<sub>GS</sub> = ±5 V. These results demonstrate the synergistic combination of ferroelectricity with semiconducting characteristics in Bi<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> Se, laying the foundation for integrating sensing, logic, and memory functions into a single material system that can overcome the bottlenecks in von Neumann architecture.
Cloud simulation mashups (2017)

Cloud simulation studies are realized by the combination of different tools and services. Currently, these tools cannot be easily combined and designers do not have full control over the experiments. This paper introduces Cloud Simulation Mashups (CSM), a framework for creating mashups of simulation models, data, and algorithms that give the designer full control over the simulation studies. This research framework is currently being implemented in a domain-specific language (DSL) in Python and we have demonstrated its feasibility using two industrial-strength tools and the deployment in the cloud.
The DNA Architectural Protein HMGB1 Facilitates RTA-Mediated Viral Gene Expression in Gamma-2 Herpesviruses (2004)

Replication and transcription activator (RTA), an immediate-early gene product of gamma-2 herpesviruses including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), plays a critical role in controlling the viral life cycle. RTA acts as a strong transcription activator for several downstream genes of KSHV and MHV-68 through direct DNA binding, as well as via indirect mechanisms. HMGB1 (also called HMG-1) protein is a highly conserved nonhistone chromatin protein with the ability to bind and bend DNA. HMGB1 protein promoted RTA binding to different RTA target sites in vitro, with greater enhancement to low-affinity sites than to high-affinity sites. Box A or box B and homologues of HMGB1 also enhanced RTA binding to DNA. Transient transfection of HMGB1 stimulated RTA transactivation of RTA-responsive promoters from KSHV and MHV-68. Furthermore, MHV-68 viral gene expression, as well as viral replication, was significantly reduced in HMGB1-deficient cells than in the wild type. This abated viral gene expression was partially restored by HMGB1 transfection into HMGB1(-/-) cells. These results suggest an important function of the DNA architectural protein, HMGB1, in RTA-mediated gene expression, as well as viral replication in gamma-2 herpesviruses.
Supplementary figures 1-4 from Changes in CpG Islands Promoter Methylation Patterns during Ductal Breast Carcinoma Progression (2023)

Supplementary figures 1-4 from Changes in CpG Islands Promoter Methylation Patterns during Ductal Breast Carcinoma Progression
Artificial intelligence extension of the OSCAR‐IB criteria (2021)

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic algorithms have achieved ambitious aims through automated image pattern recognition. For neurological disorders, this includes neurodegeneration and inflammation. Scalable imaging technology for big data in neurology is optical coherence tomography (OCT). We highlight that OCT changes observed in the retina, as a window to the brain, are small, requiring rigorous quality control pipelines. There are existing tools for this purpose. Firstly, there are human-led validated consensus quality control criteria (OSCAR-IB) for OCT. Secondly, these criteria are embedded into OCT reporting guidelines (APOSTEL). The use of the described annotation of failed OCT scans advances machine learning. This is illustrated through the present review of the advantages and disadvantages of AI-based applications to OCT data. The neurological conditions reviewed here for the use of big data include Alzheimer disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson disease, and epilepsy. It is noted that while big data is relevant for AI, ownership is complex. For this reason, we also reached out to involve representatives from patient organizations and the public domain in addition to clinical and research centers. The evidence reviewed can be grouped in a five-point expansion of the OSCAR-IB criteria to embrace AI (OSCAR-AI). The review concludes by specific recommendations on how this can be achieved practically and in compliance with existing guidelines.
Differences Between Blood and a Newtonian Fluid on the Performance of a Hydrodynamic Bearing for Rotary Blood Pumps (2013)

Assuming that blood has a constant viscosity is a common practice when designing rotary blood pumps (RBPs), where shear stresses are generally higher than in the human body. This eases the design and allows numerical simulations and bench top experiments to be performed with Newtonian fluids. However, specific flow conditions may cause a change in cell distribution leading to an apparent lower blood viscosity. It has been observed that decreasing the vessel diameters and increasing flow velocities contribute to this effect. Because a hydrodynamic bearing operates under flow conditions following this pattern, it is important to verify whether this effect also takes place when this type of bearing is applied to a RBP. Because the operation of a hydrodynamic bearing depends directly on the fluid viscosity, a local change in cell distribution in the bearing gap can be reflected in changes in the bearing performance. In this work, a spiral groove hydrodynamic bearing was tested with porcine blood in a specially built test rig. The generated suspension force, cross flow, and bearing torque were recorded and compared with the reference response when using a solution of water and glycerol. Experiments with porcine blood yielded lower suspension forces, lower flows, and lower bearing torques than when using the glycerol solution. An explanation could be a lower apparent viscosity due to inhomogeneity of blood cell concentrations. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the effective blood viscosity when designing hydrodynamic bearings for RBPs and performing experiments.
Post-processing dynamic GNSS antenna array calibration and deterministic beamforming (2008)

An array processing GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver may provide increased accuracy, reliability and integrity by forming beams towards satellites and nulls towards interference or reflective surfaces. Also, software defined receivers have proven themselves versatile and provide a convenient environment to implement novel algorithms.This paper first describes the gain/phase calibration of a seven element custom array antenna and proceeds to compare the single antenna performance to that of the performance attained by forming beams towards the satellites. IF (Intermediate Frequency) data, high rate samples representing the received signal in a narrow band around the GPS L1 frequency, from an array antenna have been recorded both in an environment with open sky conditions and also in more challenging areas (central Boulder, Colorado). Simultaneously, data from a high quality GPS based INS was recorded in order to obtain accurate estimates of position/ orientation. Calibration of the system (including antennas and front-ends) was performed using data from the benign environment, and based on this information, deterministic beams were formed towards the satellites using data from the semi-urban dataset. The single antenna accuracy was then compared to the position obtained by processing after forming beams.
Object Detection and Pose Estimation from Natural Features Using Consumer RGB-D Sensors: Applications in Augmented Reality (2012)

The work proposed in this document aims to investigate the use of consumer RGB-D sensors for object detection and pose estimation from natural features, with the purpose of using such techniques for developing augmented reality applications. Two methods based on depth-assisted rectification are proposed, which transform features extracted from the color image to a canonical view using depth data in order to obtain a representation invariant to rotation, scale and perspective distortions. While one method is suitable for textured objects, either planar or non-planar, the other method focuses on texture-less planar objects. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the proposed methods are performed, comparing it to existing methods for object detection and pose estimation.
PVC@Au/Pt nanocomposite; synthesis and structure characterization (2021)

PVC@Au/Pt nanocomposites were synthesized as well as their structure characterizations were inspected. XRD diffractograms were employed to examine the structure of the composed samples. The characteristic crystalline peaks of Ag/Pt NPs were observed. Also, the amorphous nature and characteristic hump of pristine PVC were explored.  The Dav of NPs was calculated using both Scherrer’s formula as well as the W–H method. The evaluation of SEM images of the composed films indicated the existence of porosity, deviations, water content, and cracks on the surface. Moreover, the surface smoothness and well dispersion of NPs on the polymeric surface of the prepared films were explored. Additionally, the agglomeration and encapsulation of NPs by the polymeric chains of PVC were clearly observed as the content of NPs increased. FTIR spectra of PVC@Au/Pt nanocomposites films were exhibited the characteristic vibrational peaks related to pure PVC. Also, the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl group peaks was examined. The interaction, insertion, and complexation between Au/Pt NPs and the polymer matrixes were detected depending on intensity changing of FTIR bands and shifting in the peaks related to the carbonyl group after increase the addition of Au/Pt NPs.
Effect of Liquid–Liquid Interfacial Area on Biphasic Catalysis Exemplified by Hydroformylation (2022)

Biphasic catalysis enables the effective recycling of homogeneous catalysts by their immobilization in an additional liquid phase immiscible with the products. The introduced liquid–liquid interfacial area implies mass transfer limitations that play an important role in understanding these catalytic systems, with many rate enhancement strategies revolving around optimizing said area. In this contribution, the relationship between liquid–liquid interfacial area and catalytic activity is elucidated by applying a methodology that utilizes an image-based in situ measurement of the transient droplet size distribution. When the industrially highly relevant aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of the long-chain olefin 1-octene is taken as the model reaction, it is found that the product nonanal and the addition of the ligand increases the interfacial area by a factor of up to 5. The rate of conversion is found to depend on the stirring speed. By variation of the catalyst concentration, it is shown that an accumulation of the catalyst species at the interface is unlikely. Using a mathematical model, it is highlighted that the effect of the aqueous–organic interfacial area on the catalytic activity is not linear as was previously assumed in the literature. Instead, a change in the interfacial composition is proposed that causes a shift in the dependence of catalytic activity on said area. Thus, the dynamic physical properties of a lean gas–liquid–liquid system were linked to the catalytic performance of the system.
Matter: Volume 6476 (2007)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6476, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
The Global Transcriptional Responses of Bacillus anthracis Sterne (34F 2 ) and a Δ sodA1 Mutant to Paraquat Reveal Metal Ion Homeostasis Imbalances during Endogenous Superoxide Stress (2007)

Microarray analyses were conducted to evaluate the paraquat-induced global transcriptional response of Bacillus anthracis Sterne (34F(2)) to varying levels of endogenous superoxide stress. Data revealed that the transcription of genes putatively involved in metal/ion transport, bacillibactin siderophore biosynthesis, the glyoxalase pathway, and oxidoreductase activity was perturbed most significantly. A B. anthracis mutant lacking the superoxide dismutase gene sodA1 (Delta sodA1) had transcriptional responses to paraquat similar to, but notably larger than, those of the isogenic parental strain. A small, unique set of genes was found to be differentially expressed in the Delta sodA1 mutant relative to the parental strain during growth in rich broth independently of induced oxidative stress. The bacillibactin siderophore biosynthetic genes were notably overexpressed in Sterne and Delta sodA1 cells after treatment with paraquat. The bacillibactin siderophore itself was isolated from the supernatants and lysates of cells grown in iron-depleted medium and was detected at lower levels after treatment with paraquat. This suggests that, while transcriptional regulation of these genes is sensitive to changes in the redox environment, additional levels of posttranscriptional control may exist for bacillibactin biosynthesis, or the enzymatic siderophore pipeline may be compromised by intracellular superoxide stress or damage. The Delta sodA1 mutant showed slower growth in a chelated iron-limiting medium but not in a metal-depleted medium, suggesting a connection between the intracellular redox state and iron/metal ion acquisition in B. anthracis. A double mutant lacking both the sodA1 and sodA2 genes (Delta sodA1 Delta sodA2) was attenuated for growth in manganese-depleted medium, suggesting a slight level of redundancy between sodA1 and sodA2, and a role for the sod genes in manganese homeostasis.
Podophyllotoxin analogues: synthesis and computer modelling investigation of structure-activity relationships. (1987)

The conformations of four 2-substituted-4-deoxy-analogues of podophyllotoxin have been studied using data obtained from X-ray structure determinations and molecular modelling studies. In these, root mean square differences between these structures and those of the cytotoxic agents 6'-bromopodophyllotoxin and colchicine were determined. Attempts have been made to correlate structure with the available biological activity data.
Nonvolatile correction of Q-offsets and instabilities in cochlear filters (2002)

We present a feedback circuit that performs nonvolatile correction of instabilities and resonant-gain offsets (Q-offsets) in individual cochlear filters. The subthreshold CMOS circuit adapts using analog floating-gate technology. We present experimental data from a working chip that illustrates the performance of the circuit. We discuss how to extend our work to do very long-term gain control in the silicon cochlea. Positive-feedback circuits, such as our cochlear filters, are very sensitive to parameter variations. This potential problem becomes an advantage in our corrective feedback loop where the hypersensitivity behaves merely like high loop gain.
Extracellular forms of IL-37 inhibit innate inflammation in vitro and in vivo but require the IL-1 family decoy receptor IL-1R8 (2015)

Similar to IL-1α and IL-33, IL-1 family member IL-37b translocates to the nucleus and is associated with suppression of innate and adaptive immunity. Here we demonstrate an extracellular function of the IL-37 precursor and a processed form. Recombinant IL-37 precursor reduced LPS-induced IL-6 by 50% (P < 0.001) in highly inflammatory human blood-derived M1 differentiated macrophages derived from selective subjects but not M2 macrophages. In contrast, a neutralizing monoclonal anti-IL-37 increased LPS-induced IL-6, TNFα and IL-1β (P < 0.01). The suppression by IL-37 was consistently observed at low picomolar but not nanomolar concentrations. Whereas LPS induced a 12-fold increase in TNFα mRNA, IL-37 pretreatment decreased the expression to only 3-fold over background (P < 0.01). Mechanistically, LPS-induced p38 and pERK were reduced by IL-37. Recombinant IL-37 bound to the immobilized ligand binding α-chain of the IL-18 receptor as well as to the decoy receptor IL-1R8. In M1 macrophages, LPS increased the surface expression of IL-1R8. Compared with human blood monocytes, resting M1 cells express more surface IL-1R8 as well as total IL-1R8; there was a 16-fold increase in IL-1R8 mRNA levels when pretreated with IL-37. IL-37 reduced LPS-induced TNFα and IL-6 by 50-55% in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, but not in dendritic cells derived from IL-1R8-deficient mice. In mice subjected to systemic LPS-induced inflammation, pretreatment with IL-37 reduced circulating and organ cytokine levels. Thus, in addition to a nuclear function, IL-37 acts as an extracellular cytokine by binding to the IL-18 receptor but using the IL-1R8 for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Modified flip-flop architecture to reduce hold buffers and peak power during scan shift operation (2011)

Hold timing closure and scan power are major concerns for any design. Hold closure for scan shift operation generally causes addition of buffers in the data path between flip-flops. This results in increased gate count that will toggle during the functional mode of operation thereby resulting in an increase in functional power. Scan operation also causes higher switching activity due to high toggling in a given test cycle. There are two components of power i.e. peak power and average power. Peak power increases IR-drop in the design, thereby reducing the voltage across the transistor and can lead to failure. In this paper we will present a modified flip-flop architecture that will serve two purposes i.e. enabling hold timing closure across process, voltage, temperature and reducing peak power during scan shift operation with minimal impact to functional timing and area. The modified flip-flop will introduce a half cycle delay in the data path invariant of process, voltage, temperature thereby easing hold closure. Test time and coverage are not impacted by the same. Existing ATPG tool generated pattern can be applied with this scheme. This approach reduces peak power close to 50% and reduces hold buffer area close to 40% in a given design.
A phase 2 study of lenalidomide monotherapy in patients with deletion 5q acute myeloid leukemia: Southwest Oncology Group Study S0605 (2011)

Older acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with a chromosome 5q deletion have poor outcomes with conventional chemotherapy. This phase 2 study explored the safety and efficacy of single-agent lenalidomide in previously untreated older AML patients with del(5q) who declined standard chemotherapy. Patients were treated with lenalidomide 50 mg daily for 28 days as induction therapy and 10 mg daily for 21 days of a 28-day cycle as maintenance until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Among 37 evaluable patients, the median age was 74 years (range, 60-94), 21 (57%) were female, 19 (51%) had prior myelodysplastic syndrome, and 30 (81%) had pretreatment cytogenetic studies evaluated centrally. Six had isolated del(5q), 1 had del(5q) and +8, 23 had complex cytogenetics, and 7 others had del(5q) identified locally. Fourteen patients (38%) completed induction therapy: 7 patients died during induction therapy, 8 had disease progression, 7 had nonfatal adverse events, and 1 entered hospice. Eight patients started maintenance therapy. Five patients (14%) achieved a partial or complete response, 2 with isolated del(5q) and 3 with complex cytogenetics. Relapse-free survival was 5 months (range, 0-19). Median overall survival was 2 months for the entire population. In conclusion, lenalidomide as a single agent has modest activity in older del(5q) AML patients. Southwest Oncology Group Study S0605 is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00352365.
Ultraviolet Nanoimprint Lithography (2013)

This chapter describes the phenomena of ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) transfer process, UV-NIL machine, UV-NIL materials, and evaluation of mold and transfer resin surface. In UV-NIL, a liquid resin having a low viscosity is used, thus, the required transfer pressure is lower than that of thermal NIL. The chapter describes the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) release agent and its coating method. Resin is classified according to the polymerization system into several types: radical polymerization type, ion polymerization type, and ene-thiol type. The properties of resins with different types of curing mechanism and developmental examples are described. The chapter describes what silane coupling agents are, and explains the mechanism by which the agents modify the surface of the substrate.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS CAN BE MEASURED. MANAGEMENT BASED ON A SUPERVISION PLAN (2002)

An increasing number of projects in the civil engineering sector are being implemented under quality assurance. This means not only that the contractor works with a quality plan, but also that the management supervises execution using a management supervision plan. In the journal Wegen, vol75 n2 the reactions of the parties involved in working with these plans are dealt with and it also handles a number of improvement points. This article investigates Grontmij's method of quantifying the quality improvement in the form of deviation percentages in relation to the requirements laid down in the specifications. The comparison of deviation percentages in work with and without a quality plan confirms the value of the supervision plan for all contract types and civil engineering work.
Constraints for Using Lambert W Function-Based Explicit Colebrook–White Equation (2004)

We analyze the general applicability of a recent explicit expression of the Colebrook–White equation for turbulent flow friction factor calculation. This explicit expression, which is based on the Lambert W function, is characterized by an exponential term which imposes restrictions on its use. These constraints have been expressed in terms of pipe roughness (ε/D) and the Reynolds number R that are required for friction factor calculation. These constraints were determined as 8.0666 ln(R)+(ε/D)R<721.97 and 8.0666 ln(R)+(ε/D)R<5731.83, respectively, for machines using single precision and double precision computations. Using the Lambert W function, an explicit equation relating R and ε/D was derived at the limiting case which allowed for a graphical representation of the applicability of the explicit form of the Colebrook–White equation in the R versus ε/D space. Before computing friction factors using the explicit Colebrook–White equation, a quick check must be performed to see if the desired combination of R and ε/D values satisfies the applicable constraint mentioned above.
A simple and efficient synthesis of isocoumarins and alkylidenephthalides from 3-(1-hydroxycarbethoxy/alkyl)phthalides with a DEAD/PPh3/TBHP system (2014)

A single step approach for the synthesis of 3-carbethoxy-isocoumarin derivatives and 3-alkylidenephthalides from 3-(1-hydroxycarbethoxy/alkyl)phthalides is described.