gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scattering from incipient stripe order in the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (2012)

Recently, we have used spectroscopic mapping with a scanning tunneling microscope to probe modulations of the electronic density of states in single crystals of the high-temperature superconductor ${\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{Sr}}_{2}{\text{CaCu}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (Bi-2212) as a function of temperature [C. V. Parker et al., Nature (London) 468, 677 (2010)]. These measurements showed Cu-O bond-oriented modulations that form below the pseudogap temperature with a temperature-dependent energy dispersion displaying different behaviors in the superconducting and pseudogap states. Here we demonstrate that quasiparticle scattering from impurities does not capture the experimentally observed energy and temperature dependence of these modulations. Instead, a model of scattering of quasiparticles from short-range stripe order, with periodicity near four lattice constants ($4a$), reproduces the experimentally observed energy dispersion of the bond-oriented modulations and its temperature dependence across the superconducting critical temperature ${T}_{c}$. The present study confirms the existence of short-range stripe order in Bi-2212.
Analysis of light transport in scattering media (2010)

We propose a new method to analyze light transport in homogeneous scattering media. The incident light undergoes multiple bounces in translucent objects, and produces a complex light field. Our method analyzes the light transport in two steps. First, single and multiple scattering are separated by projecting high-frequency stripe patterns. Then, multiple scattering is decomposed into each bounce component based on the light transport equation. The light field for each bounce is recursively estimated. Experimental results show that light transport in scattering media can be decomposed and visualized for each bounce.
Adenosine metabolism and murine strain-specific IL-4-induced inflammation, emphysema, and fibrosis (2006)

To define the factors that control the tissue effects of IL-4, we compared the effects of Tg IL-4 in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice. In the former, IL-4 caused modest eosinophilic inflammation and mild airway fibrosis and did not shorten survival. In C57BL/6 mice, IL-4 caused profound eosinophilic inflammation, airway fibrosis, emphysematous alveolar destruction, and premature death. These differences could not be accounted for by changes in Th2 or Th1 cytokines, receptor components, STAT6 activation, MMPs, or cathepsins. In contrast, in C57BL/6 mice, alveolar remodeling was associated with decreased levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2, -3, and -4 and alpha1-antitrypsin, and fibrosis was associated with increased levels of total and bioactive TGF-beta1. Impressive differences in adenosine metabolism were also appreciated, with increased tissue adenosine levels and A(1), A(2B), and A(3) adenosine receptor expression and decreased adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in C57BL/6 animals. Treatment with ADA also reduced the inflammation, fibrosis, and emphysematous destruction and improved the survival of C57BL/6 Tg animals. These studies demonstrate that genetic influences control IL-4 effector pathways in the murine lung. They also demonstrate that IL-4 has different effects on adenosine metabolism in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice and that these differences contribute to the different responses that IL-4 induces in these inbred animals.
Miniaturized UV fluorescence collection optics integrated with ion trap chips (2010)

For practical quantum computing, it will be necessary to detect the fluorescence from trapped ions using microscale ion trap chips. We describe the first design, fabrication and assembly of a set of diffractive optics for intimate integration into the trap chip and for coupling this fluorescence into multimode fibers. The design is complicated by the constraints of the ion trap environment. In addition, the choice of available materials is restricted to those compatible with ultrahigh vacuum. The completed optics-ion trap assembly has successfully demonstrated ion trapping, as well as ion shuttling, with no necessary modifications to the trapping and shuttling voltage levels.
Appendix 3: Frequently Asked DHPLC Questions (2002)

This Appendix contains sections titled: What are the various methods for DHPLC temperature selection? Does having the optimum oven temperature mean that I will get the optimum resolution of the heteroduplex and homoduplex species? I do not have the complete sequence of my fragment but I want to scan for mutations. Is this still possible by DHPLC? Will DHPLC detect both heterozygous and homozygous mutations? I have a sample population to scan for mutations and need to be certain that I find all mutations present. What are the factors affecting the accuracy of DHPLC and how should I approach the problem? What are the minimum and maximum fragment sizes I can analyze by DHPLC? I need to screen a large number of samples. What is the quickest way to do this? I want to create a general SNP map but do not need to find every mutation. What is the best strategy? What will happen if I have more than one mutation in a fragment? Does each mutation or combination of mutations give a unique chromatographic pattern? What about the converse? Does a particular chromatographic pattern indicate a particular mutation? I have a biological system where it is likely that a mutation if present can have a heterduplex concentration of less than 50%. What is my best approach to this problem? Is it possible to use DHPLC in a diagnostic setting?
Holistic Valorization of Hemp through Reductive Catalytic Fractionation (2021)

Despite the increased use of hemp fiber, negligible attention has been given to upgrade the hemp hurd, which constitutes up to 70 wt % of the hemp stalk and is currently considered a low-value byproduct. In this work, valorization of hemp hurd was performed by reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) in the presence of a metal catalyst. We found an unexpectedly high yield of monophenolic compounds (38.3 wt %) corresponding to above 95% of the theoretical maximum yield. The high yield is explained by both a thin cell wall and high S-lignin content. In addition, organosolv pulping was performed to generate a pulp that was bleached to produce dissolving-grade pulp suitable for textile fiber production (viscosity, 898 mL/g; ISO-brightness, 90.2%) and nanocellulose. Thus, we have demonstrated a novel value chain from a low-value side stream of hemp fiber manufacture that has the potential to increase textile fiber production with 100% yield and also give bio-oil for green chemicals.
Systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease: a conceptual framework for subclinical, clinical and progressive disease (2022)

Using our proposed conceptual framework, international experts were able to achieve a consensus on classifying SSc-ILD patients along the dimensions of disease severity, risk of progression and progression over time. Experts rely on similar items when classifying disease severity and progression: a combination of spirometry and gas exchange and quantitative HRCT.
Effects of solvent‐particle interaction kinetics on microstructure formation during three‐dimensional printing (1999)

Abstract Lactone‐based absorbable polyesters, such as polylactide‐co‐glycolides, are commonly used for the construction of biomedical devices. Many such devices can be constructed by a novel manufacturing technology known as three dimensional printing TM (3DP TM ), which fabricates complex structures by ink‐jet liquid binder onto loose powder in a laminated fashion. The predominant 3DP binding mechanism for lactone based absorbable polyester powder is dissolution‐reprecipitation. The objective of this study is to compare the relative time scales for particle dissolution and solvent evaporation during 3DP processing. An experimental setup was devised to determine the time scale for particle dissolution. This time scale was found to be particle size independent for small particles, but size dependent for larger particles. The time scale for chloroform evaporation from typical 3DP powder beds was determined to be on the same order as the particle dissolution time scale. Dissolution‐evaporation (DE) plots were constructed to illustrate the relationship between evaporation time scale, dissolution time scale, particle size, printing conditions, and external mass transfer conditions. The DE plot provides a good estimate of the necessary printing conditions under which the evaporation time is sufficient for particle dissolution for a given particle dimension. Microstructural analysis of the printed structures demonstrated the importance of the relative time scales of particle dissolution and solvent evaporation. Practical implications of these findings in 3DP are described.
Induction of HIVMN neutralizing antibodies in primates using a prime-boost regimen of hybrid synthetic gp120 envelope peptides. (1993)

We have tested synthetic peptides composed of Th (T1) and V3 loop B cell neutralizing determinants [SP10 MN(A)] of HIVMN gp120 and the fusogenic (F) domain of gp41 as immunogens in rhesus monkeys. After two immunizations with either HIV env peptide T1-SP10 MN(A) or F-T1-SP10 MN(A), rhesus monkey serum neutralization titers against the HIVMN isolate ranged from 1:160 to 1:1400, and in cell-cell syncytium inhibition assay ranged from 1:20 to 1:80. However, in contrast to animals immunized with T1-SP10 MN(A), animals immunized twice with F-T1-SP10 MN(A) had no rise in anti-gp120 and neutralizing antibodies with an additional immunization with F-T1-SP10 MN(A) peptide. One of 4 rhesus monkeys (18987) had anti-HIVMN antibodies that cross-neutralized divergent HIV isolates HIVIIIB and HIVRF. Serum from animal 18987 neutralized 5 of 10 HIV isolates tested, and neutralizing activity against HIVIIIB of 18987 serum was absorbed with the conserved gp120 loop V3 sequence IGPGRAF. Anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies were boosted after a 6-mo rest by 500 micrograms of T1-SP10 MN(A) in 4 of 4 animals previously immunized with T1-SP10 MN(A) and in 2 of 2 animals previously immunized with F-T1-SP10 MN(A). However, immunization after 6-mo rest of animal 18987 with 500 micrograms of T1-SP10 MN(A) peptide, although boosting anti-HIVMN neutralizing antibodies, selectively did not boost cross-neutralizing anti-HIVIIIB antibodies. Thus, synthetic peptides containing T and B cell epitopes of HIV gp120 can induce high levels of anti-HIVMN neutralizing antibodies in primates.
Figure S5 from The Highly Recurrent PP2A Aα-Subunit Mutation P179R Alters Protein Structure and Impairs PP2A Enzyme Function to Promote Endometrial Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PP2A Aα-, C-, and B55α-subunit protein abundance in PPP2R1A wildtype and P179-mutant patient EMCA tumor samples&lt;/p&gt;
An EM approach for joint channel estimation and channel decoding in systems employing Physical-Layer Network Coding (2013)

This paper applies the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to address the problem of joint channel estimation and channel decoding in Physical-layer Network Coding (PNC) systems. The use of PNC can significantly improve the throughput of a relay network. The throughput advantage, however, is predicated on the availability of accurate channel estimates. For channel-coded PNC systems, a major challenge is that the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) channel estimation is nontrivial due to 1) the overlapping of signals from multiple users received at the relay; and 2) the correlations among data symbols introduced by channel coding. In this paper, we show that an EM algorithm implemented on a factor graph framework is well suited to tackle this problem. Through iterative message passing, the channel estimation component and the channel decoding component in the factor graph interact to improve each other's results progressively. Simulation results indicate that just one EM iteration of our algorithm can significantly improve the channel estimation accuracy as well as the BER performance of channel-coded PNC systems.
Impact of Physical Layer Restrictions on the Dynamic Switching of Channels in Transparent Optical Networks (2015)

Physical layer effects restricts the arbitrarily fast dynamic channel switching in transparent optical networks. We show the influence of these effects and how they limit the dynamic switching of channels.
Regulation of LFA-1 Expression by CD34 Positive Cells and Inducible Growth Factor Production by Stroma Enable Formation of Bone Marrow Compartments (2000)

Leukocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is an adhesion molecule indispensable in immune and inflammatory reactions, but its role in hematopoiesis is poorly understood. LFA-1 is considered as a marker of late stage stem cell maturation when expressed on CD34(+) bone marrow cells. We observed that CD34(+) bone marrow cells express LFA-1, that based on LFA-1 expression several subpopulations can be distinguished, and that the level of expression appeared highly variable among different donors. Unanticipated, in time course experiments we observed that CD34(+) LFA-1(-) cells expressed LFA-1 within 24 hours upon culture. These in vitro findings support the hypothesis that once contacts with bone marrow stroma are lost, LFA-1 is upregulated by default, due to the lack of negative regulating signals from stromal cells. This might also explain the widely variable expression of LFA-1 as a result of crowding of cells in the bone marrow with subsequent loss of contact with stroma and upregulation of LFA-1, thus equipping cells with adequate adhesion receptors to migrate throughout the bone marrow. Interestingly, the expression of the LFA-1 specific activation epitope L16 on these cells is low, even after culture. This demonstrated that LFA-1 is not activated, as was confirmed by low adhesion to ICAM-1. Activation of adhesion molecules is induced by several growth factors. Indeed, we show here that an osteoblastic cell line under normal conditions does hardly produce hematopoietic growth factors but these are rapidly induced after stimulation. Such rapid induction endows the bone marrow stroma with the property to modulate the adhesive strength and enabling migration through the different environments within the stroma. Prove for such compartments within the bone marrow is provided by histological data.
Value of 3D-volume rendering in the assessment of coronary arteries with retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT (2003)

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value and measurement precision of 3D volume rendering technique (3D-VRT) from retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT (MSCT) data sets for imaging of the coronary arteries. Material and Methods: In 35 patients, retrospectively ECG-gated MSCT of the heart using a four detector row MSCT scanner with a standardized examination protocol was performed as well as quantitative X-ray coronary angiography (QCA). The MSCT data was assessed on segmental basis using 3D-VRT exclusively. The coronary artery diameters were measured at the origin of each main coronary branch and 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm distally. The minimum, maximum and mean diameters were determined from MSCT angiography and compared to QCA. Results: A total of 353 of 525 (67.2%) coronary artery segments were assessable by MSCT angiography. The proximal segments were more often assessable when compared to the distal segments. Stenoses were detected with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 92.8%. According to the Bland-Altmanmethod the mean differences between QCA and MSCT ranged from −0.55 to 1.07 mm with limits of agreement from −2.2 mm to −2.7 mm. Conclusion: When compared to QCA, the ability of 3D-VRT to quantitatively assess coronary artery diameters and coronary artery stenoses is insufficient for clinical purposes.
Radiative control of localized excitons at room temperature with an\n ultracompact tip-enhanced plasmonic nano-cavity (2020)

In atomically thin semiconductors, localized exciton (X$_L$) coupled to light\nshows single quantum emitting behaviors through radiative relaxation processes\nproviding a new class of optical sources for potential applications in quantum\ncommunication. In most studies, however, X$_L$ photoluminescence (PL) from\ncrystal defects has mainly been observed in cryogenic conditions because of\ntheir sub-wavelength emission region and low quantum yield at room temperature.\nFurthermore, engineering the radiative relaxation properties, e.g., emission\nregion, intensity, and energy, remained challenging. Here, we present a\nplasmonic antenna with a triple-sharp-tips geometry to induce and control the\nX$_L$ emission of a WSe$_2$ monolayer (ML) at room temperature. By placing a ML\ncrystal on the two sharp Au tips in a bowtie antenna fabricated through cascade\ndomino lithography with a radius of curvature of &lt;1 nm, we effectively induce\ntensile strain in the nanoscale region to create robust X$_L$ states. An Au tip\nwith tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) spectroscopy is then added to the\nstrained region to probe and control the X$_L$ emission. With TEPL enhancement\nof X$_L$ as high as ~10$^6$ in the triple-sharp-tips device, experimental\nresults demonstrate the controllable X$_L$ emission in &lt;30 nm area with a PL\nenergy shift up to 40 meV, resolved by tip-enhanced PL and Raman imaging with\n&lt;15 nm spatial resolution. Our approach provides a systematic way to control\nlocalized quantum light in 2D semiconductors offering new strategies for active\nquantum nano-optical devices.\n
Optically exact equations of caustics for slant cracks biaxially loaded (1983)

The equations of caustics have been derived based on the exact theory of geometrical optics, and they have been adapted to the problem of a slanting internal crack in a disk under biaxial loading. A comparison of the exact caustics with those derived from the far-field theory used in the past in the applications showed negligible difference between the two theories. Thus, it is shown that the approximate theory of caustics used before for determining singular fields in mechanics is sufficiently accurate for engineering applications.
Stabilisation du PVC (2004)

Les polymères halogénés et plus particulièrement le polychlorure de vinyle (PVC) sont des polymères tellement particuliers qu’ils méritent d’être traités séparément des autres polymères. Le PVC est aujourd’hui un des polymères les plus utilisés et les plus versatiles que l’on retrouve dans tous les
Organizational Structure, Team Process, and Future Directions of Interprofessional Health Care Teams (2004)

For a nationwide Geriatric Interdisciplinary Team Training (GITT) program evaluation of 8 sites and 26 teams, team evaluators developed a quantitative and qualitative team observation scale (TOS), examining structure, process, and outcome, with specific focus on the training function. Qualitative data provided an important expansion of quantitative data, highlighting positive effects that were not statistically significant, such as role modeling and training occurring within the clinical team. Qualitative data could also identify "too much" of a coded variable, such as time spent in individual team members' assessments and treatment plans. As healthcare organizations have increasing demands for productivity and changing reimbursement, traditional models of teamwork, with large teams and structured meetings, may no longer be as functional as they once were. To meet these constraints and to train students in teamwork, teams of the future will have to make choices, from developing and setting specific models to increasing the use of information technology to create virtual teams. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be needed to evaluate these new types of teams and the important outcomes they produce.
Supplementary Figure S3 from A Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse Modulators that Mediate IRE1α–XBP1 Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation of the screen hits (continued).&lt;/p&gt;
Recent clinical experience with the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. (1987)

The automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is an electronic device designed to monitor the heart continuously, identify ventricular tachycardias and ventricular fibrillation, and terminate the life-threatening arrhythmias with an internal countershock. This device has been proved to be safe and effective, and its use has led to a significant decrease of arrhythmic mortality in the implantees.
Microcontainers with Fluorescent Anisotropic Zeolite L Cores and Isotropic Silica Shells (2008)

Multicolor fluorescent containers: A silica coating procedure has been devised for the preparation of multifluorescent dye-loaded zeolite L crystals with luminescent anisotropic cores and isotropic shells. The method comprises a combination of the polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer technique and Stöber synthesis (see scheme, TEM image, and fluorescence microscopy images).
Pilot plant synthesis of methacrylate copolymer precursors to nonlinear optical materials (1990)

Abstract The copolymerization of methacrylates with methacrylates containing anilino side chains was investigated. Azobis(isobutyronitrile) was a better initiator than benzoyl peroxide. Continuous feed of initiator was advantageous compared to adding the initiator all at once. The reaction was scaled up using a 10‐L reactor, ultimately yielding hundreds of grams of the desired copolymers, which are valuable precursors to polymeric dyes used in nonlinear optical studies.
Growth, precocity, enzyme activity and chemical composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis,fed different dietary protein-to-energy ratio diets (2011)

A growth experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein-to-energy (P/E) ratio of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Six practical diets were formulated with P/E ratios ranging from 15.94 to 21.25 g protein MJ−1 gross energy (g MJ−1). Results showed that specific growth rates related with molting were significantly affected by dietary P/E ratio (P < 0.05). The specific growth rates both in body weight (SGRw) and carapace width (SGRcw) for the entire experimental period were not significantly affected by dietary P/E ratio (P > 0.05). Molting frequency, survival rate and crab body composition were also significantly affected by dietary P/E ratio (P < 0.05). Rate of precocity displayed negative trends with growth rate, and the trend with SGRcw was significant (P < 0.01). The activities of alkaline phosphatase, trypsinase and steapsin were significantly affected by dietary P/E ratio (P < 0.05). Molting frequency (P < 0.001), SGRw1-2 (P < 0.05) and SGRw0-2 (P < 0.05) were positively and significantly related to alkaline phosphatase activity. We recommend 18.13–19.20 g MJ−1 as the optimum dietary P/E ratio for juvenile E. sinensis, based on growth performance, rate of precocity and digestive enzyme activities.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt/3D Hierarchical Bimodal Macroporous Carbon Nanospheres (2017)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells require electrocatalysts with a high platinum (Pt) loading, large active surface area, and favorable hydrodynamic profile for practical applications. Here, we report the design of three-dimensional hierarchical bimodal macroporous carbon nanospheres with an interconnected pore system, which are applied as an electrocatalyst support. Carbon-supported Pt (Pt/C) catalysts were prepared by aerosol spray pyrolysis followed by microwave chemical deposition. The hierarchical porous structures not only increased the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles but also improved catalytic performance. A hierarchical bimodal macroporous Pt/C catalyst with a mixture of 30 and 120 nm size pores showed the best performance. The electrochemical surface area and mass activity values of this support were 96 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>-Pt and 378 mA mg<sup>-1</sup>-Pt, respectively at a Pt loading of 15 wt %.