gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Algorithm Verification of a Gyroscope-Based Inertial Navigation System for Small-Diameter Spaces in Multilateral Horizontal Drilling Applications (2015)

In the recent years horizontal drilling (HD) has become increasingly important in oil and gas exploration because it can increase the production per well and can effectively rework old and marginal vertical wells. The key element of successful HD is accurate navigation of the drill bit with advanced measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tools. The size of the MWD tools is not significantly restricted in vertical wells because there is enough space for their installation in traditional well drilling, but the diameter of devices for HD must be restricted to less than 30 mm for some applications, such as lateral drilling from existing horizontal wells. Therefore, it is essential to design miniature devices for lateral HD applications. Additionally, magnetometers in traditional MWD devices are easily susceptible to complex downhole interferences, and gyroscopes have been previously suggested as the best avenue to replace magnetometers for azimuth measurements. The aim of this paper is to propose a miniature gyroscope-based MWD system which is referred to as miniature gyroscope-based while drilling (MGWD) system. A prototype of such MGWD system is proposed. The device consists of a two-axis gyroscope and a three-axis accelerometer. Miniaturization design approaches for MGWD are proposed. In addition, MGWD data collection software is designed to provide real-time data display and navigation algorithm verification. A fourth-order autoregressive (AR) model is introduced for stochastic noise modeling of the gyroscope and the accelerometer data. Zero velocity and position are injected into a Kalman filter as a system reference to update system states, which can effectively improve the state observability of the MGWD system and decrease estimation errors. Nevertheless, the azimuth of the proposed MGWD system is not observable in the Kalman filter, and reliable azimuth estimation remains a problem.
Sonogenetic stimulation of the brain at a spatiotemporal resolution suitable for vision restoration (2021)

Abstract Remote, precisely controlled activation of the brain is a fundamental challenge in the development of brain-machine interfaces providing feasible rehabilitation strategies for neurological disorders. Low-frequency ultrasound stimulation can be used to modulate neuronal activity deep in the brain 1–7 , but this approach lacks spatial resolution and cellular selectivity and loads the brain with high levels of acoustic energy. The combination of the expression of ultrasound-sensitive proteins with ultrasound stimulation (‘sonogenetic stimulation’) can provide cellular selectivity and higher sensitivity, but such strategies have been subject to severe limitations in terms of spatiotemporal resolution in vivo 8–10 , precluding their use for real-life applications. We used the expression of large-conductance mechanosensitive ion channels (MscL) with high-frequency ultrasonic stimulation for a duration of milliseconds to activate neurons selectively at a relatively high spatiotemporal resolution in the rat retina ex vivo and the primary visual cortex of rodents in vivo . This spatiotemporal resolution was achieved at low energy levels associated with negligible tissue heating and far below those leading to complications in ultrasound neuromodulation 6,11 . We showed, in an associative learning test, that sonogenetic stimulation of the visual cortex generated light perception. Our findings demonstrate that sonogenetic stimulation is compatible with millisecond pattern presentation for visual restoration at the cortical level. They represent a step towards the precise transfer of information over large distances to the cortical and subcortical regions of the brain via an approach less invasive than that associated with current brain-machine interfaces and with a wide range of applications in neurological disorders.
Packet forwarding for heterogeneous technologies for integrated fronthaul/backhaul (2016)

To meet the future mobile user demand at a reduced cost, operators are looking at solutions such as C-RAN and different functional splits to decrease the cost of deploying and maintaining cell sites. The use of these technologies forces operators to manage two physically separated networks, one for backhaul and one for fronthaul. To solve this issue, transport networks for 5G will carry both fronthaul and backhaul traffic operating over heterogeneous data plane technologies. Such an integrated fronthaul/backhaul (denoted as 5G-Crosshaul) transport network will be software-controlled to adapt to the fluctuating capacity demand of the new generation air interfaces. Based on a proposed data- and control-plane architecture for 5G-Crosshaul, we propose a frame format common to both fronthaul and backhaul traffic as well as a corresponding abstraction of the forwarding behavior of the network elements. The common frame format and the forwarding abstraction define the information to be exchanged at the southbound interface (SBI) of the 5G-Crosshaul Control Infrastructure (XCI). This paper derives requirements for the SBI from 5G use cases.
Role of Seed Crystal Layer in Two-Step-Growth Procedure for Low Temperature Growth of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film from SiF4 by a Remote-Type Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1999)

Role of seed crystal layer which played in low temperature growth of polycrystalline silicon ( poly -Si) thin films was investigated by two-step-growth (TSG) process. The TSG involves two different deposition processes, which are called as `seed process' and `growth process'. In order to satisfy the conflicting demands such as low temperature, high rate and high quality crystal growth, the deposition conditions in the seed and growth processes were examined. As a result, it is confirmed that the seeding of high quality crystal layer is effective to improve crystallinity of growing poly -Si film, especially for the case grown at lower temperature than 300°C. In order to fully promote crystallinity, some thick and high crystallinity seed layer is needed. In addition, epitaxial-like growth on the seed layers can be realized by optimizing deposition conditions both during the seed and growth processes. When H 2 /SiF 4 flow ratios larger than those used during the seed process were used during the growth process, lower growth temperatures were possible with maintaining a smooth interface between the seed and the grown poly -Si layers. In essence, the hydrogen mixing ratio and deposition temperature are complementary parameters, thus it was possible to reduce deposition temperatures with maintaining large crystal fraction and oriented structure, if the hydrogen mixing ratio was increased to an appropriate amount. Furthermore, in situ ellipsometry analysis indicated that, under optimal conditions, the interface between the seed and the growing film can indeed be smooth and epitaxial-like. TSG is a promising technique by which to fabricate high quality poly -Si thin films on glass substrates at low temperatures.
Correlation Effects in the Photoemission Delay of Helium (2016)

We measured the energy dependent photoemission delay of electrons escaping during shake-down and shake-up processes in helium. Excellent agreement with ab-initio calculations identifies electronic correlation contributions and allows benchmarking of theoretical models.
Amorphous Iron(III) Oxide — A Review (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Storage format for personalized broadcasting content consumption (2007)

In this paper, we propose a storage format which binds digital broadcasts with related data such as TV-Anytime metadata, additional multimedia resources, and personal viewing history. The goal of the proposed format is to make it possible to offer personalized content consumption after recording broadcasting contents to storage devices, e.g., HD-DVD and Blu-ray Disc. To achieve that, we adopt MPEG-4 file format as a container and apply a binary format for scenes (BIFS) for representing and rendering personal viewing history. In addition, TV-Anytime metadata is used to describe broadcasts and to refer to the additional multimedia resources, e.g, images, audio clips, and short video clips. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed format, we introduce an application scenario and test it on that scenario.
Arterial Stiffening with Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging Gives New Insight into Arterial Phenotype of Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Mouse Models (2018)

In both vEDS mouse models, aortic stiffening was reduced, mainly driven by a lower stiffness at systolic blood pressure. Defective Col-III may be responsible for this, as it is utilized when pressure rises. These pre-clinical data could explain vascular fragility observed in vEDS patients.
Effective multi-strain inhibition of influenza virus by anionic gold nanoparticles (2011)

The fight against highly contagious influenza infection is often hampered by the appearance of drug resistant strains and the inadequacy of vaccines targeted only against specific variants. In this article, we report a novel route to inhibit influenza using anionic gold nanoparticles, which show effective inhibition properties against several influenza strains. The inhibition of influenza, achieved through gold nanoparticles with different anionic groups, suggested that blocking of viral attachment to cell surface could be the primary mechanism of inhibition, although viral fusion inhibition could not be excluded. At the same time, variation in the degree of inhibition with the anionic groups indicated that the antiviral activity of the nanoparticles is not merely governed by the charge density but the functional group itself has a role to play.
Deeper sentiment analysis using machine translation technology (2004)

This paper proposes a new paradigm for sentiment analysis: translation from text documents to a set of sentiment units. The techniques of deep language analysis for machine translation are applicable also to this kind of text mining task. We developed a high-precision sentiment analysis system at a low development cost, by making use of an existing transfer-based machine translation engine.
Channel modeling for wireless networks-on-chips (2013)

Designing and implementing wireless networks on chips (WiNoCs) presents numerous engineering challenges, in the areas of computer architecture, multiple access, wireless propagation, physical layer communications processing, and device design and fabrication. In this article we provide a survey on WiNoC propagation and the issues involved with WiNoC channel modeling. We address both attenuation and dispersion, and illustrate the dramatic differences between the miniature WiNoC case and more familiar terrestrial wireless channels. Remaining channel modeling research is outlined.
Learning Implicit Generative Models with the Method of Learned Moments (2018)

We propose a method of moments (MoM) algorithm for training large-scale implicit generative models. Moment estimation in this setting encounters two problems: it is often difficult to define the millions of moments needed to learn the model parameters, and it is hard to determine which properties are useful when specifying moments. To address the first issue, we introduce a moment network, and define the moments as the network's hidden units and the gradient of the network's output with the respect to its parameters. To tackle the second problem, we use asymptotic theory to highlight desiderata for moments -- namely they should minimize the asymptotic variance of estimated model parameters -- and introduce an objective to learn better moments. The sequence of objectives created by this Method of Learned Moments (MoLM) can train high-quality neural image samplers. On CIFAR-10, we demonstrate that MoLM-trained generators achieve significantly higher Inception Scores and lower Frechet Inception Distances than those trained with gradient penalty-regularized and spectrally-normalized adversarial objectives. These generators also achieve nearly perfect Multi-Scale Structural Similarity Scores on CelebA, and can create high-quality samples of 128x128 images.
A cyclic dinucleotide with a four-carbon 5′-C-to-5′-C connection; synthesis by RCM, NMR-examination and incorporation into secondary nucleic acid structures (2006)

A 5'-C-allylthymidine derivative was prepared from thymidine by the application of a stereoselective allylation procedure and its 5'(S)-configuration was confirmed. From this nucleoside derivative, appropriately protected building blocks were prepared and coupled using standard phosphoramidite chemistry to afford a dinucleotide with two 5'-C-allylgroups. This molecule was used as a substrate for a ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction and after deprotection, a 1 : 1 mixture of E- and Z-isomers of a cyclic dinucleotide with an unsaturated 5'-C-to-5'-C connection was obtained. Alternatively, a hydrogenation of the double bond and deprotection afforded a saturated cyclic dinucleotide. An advanced NMR-examination confirmed the constitution of this molecule and indicated a restriction in its overall conformational freedom. After variation of the protecting group strategy, a phosphoramidite building block of the saturated cyclic dinucleotide with the 5'-O-position protected as a pixyl ether and the phosphate protected as a methyl phosphotriester was obtained. This building block was used in the preparation of two 14-mer oligonucleotides with a central artificial bend due to the cyclic dinucleotide moiety. These were found to destabilise duplexes, slightly destabilise bulged duplexes but, to some extent, stabilise a three-way junction in high Mg(2+)-concentrations.
Imbalance in Seminal Fluid MIF Indicates Male Infertility (2007)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a ubiquitous cytokine that functions in reproduction and plays an important role in sperm maturation and motility. Here we reveal a correlation between MIF levels in human seminal fluid and fertility status. We identify an abnormal biphasic profile of MIF in the seminal fluid of patients with impaired sperm parameters. Our findings may be of interest for the development of a diagnostic method for fertility status.
Studies of heterocyclic compounds. Part 27. Routes to 1,6-dioxa-6aλ4-thia-2-azapentalenes, 1,6-dioxa-6aλ4-selena-2-azapentalenes, and 1-oxa-6aλ4-thia-2,5,6-triazapentalenes (1981)

Partial desulphurisation of 3,4-dialkyl-1-oxa-6,6aλ4-dithia-2-azapentalenes with mercury (II) acetate gives 3,4-dialkyl-1,6-dioxa-6aλ4-thia-2-azapentalenes. 3,4-Dimethyl-1-oxa-6,6aλ4-diselena-2-azapentalene likewise gave 3,4-dimethyl-1,6-dioxa-6aλ4-selena-2-azapentalene. Peracid oxidation of 1-oxa-6,6aλ4-dithia-2-azapentalenes afforded 3-nitromethylene-3H-1,2-dithioles in low yield. 3,4-Dialkyl-6-oxa-6aλ4-thia-1,2-diazapentalenes in which the reactive position 3 is blocked, react with nitrous acid to give 3,4-dialkyl-1-oxa-6aλ4-thia-2,5,6-triazapentalenes by nitroso-deformylation, together with smaller amounts of the corresponding 5-nitromethylene-5H-1,2,3-thiadiazoles by nitro-deformylation. Peracid oxidation of 3,4-dialkyl-1-oxa-6aλ4-thia-2,5,6-triazapentalenes gave the corresponding 5-nitromethylene-5H-1,2,3-thiadiazoles in modest yield. 1,6-Dioxa-6aλ4-selena-2-azapentalenes and 1-oxa-6aλ4-thia-2,5,6-triazapentalenes are two new classes of four-electron, three-centre bonded compound.
Visual Summaries of Popular Landmarks from Community Photo Collections (Invited Paper) (2009)

We present a novel data-driven algorithm that lever- ages online image repositories such as Flickr for automatically generating tourist maps. Our hypothesis is that, given a large enough dataset of images with geo-based metadata, clusters of matching images from that dataset tend to provide reliable cues as to what the popular tourist spots for that location may be. Our algorithm takes the geographical area of interest as input and retrieves geotagged photos from online photo collections. By clustering the photos based on their locations and identifying the popular tags for each cluster, our algorithm generates a set of points of interest (POIs) for the area. After retrieving additional photos based on these discovered POI tags, we use image matching to find the most representative landmark view for each POI. Finally, we remove clutter from the representative image and apply non-photorealistic rendering techniques to generate a map icon for each landmark. We use our system to automatically generate maps showing popular tourist locations for several large cities.
Novel insights into the unique intrinsic sensing behaviors of 2D nanomaterials for volatile organic compounds: from graphene to MoS2 and black phosphorous (2021)

Room temperature gas sensing performance of FET sensors with graphene, black phosphorous, and MoS<sub>2</sub> is investigated, which depends on the intrinsic electronic properties of the 2D channel.
Clinical Characteristics of Infant Kawasaki Disease (2002)

Purpose:To assess the incidence of coronary artery lesion(CAL) and the efficacy of intravenously administered immune globulin(IVGG) and aspirin therapy, identify risk factors for CAL, and analyze clinical characteristics in infants less than 12 months of age with Kawasaki disease. Methods:Retrospective chart review of children less than 12 months of age with Kawasaki disease between 1994 and 1998, diagnosed at Chungnam National University Hospital. Results:Of 202 patients with Kawasaki disease, 32(16 percent) were less than 1 year of age, including 7(3 percent) less than 6 months. Sex ratio of male to female was 2.5:1. Age at onset and Harada score were a predictor of the development of CAL:5(71 percent) of 7 children less than 6 months and 10(40 percent) of 25 children between 6 to 12 months of age acquired CAL (P
Extended germano-gallate fiber drawing domain: from germanates to gallates optical fibers (2019)

Here we report on the production of crystal-free light guiding fibers using a preform-to-fiber approach in the germano-gallate glass system Ga2O3-GeO2-BaO-La2O3-Y2O3 for various contents of gallium to germanium. For glasses in the system Ga2O3-GeO2-BaO-K2O, where surface crystallization precludes fiber drawing from the preform, an open-crucible technique enables the drawing of fiber samples tens of meters long. Cut-back optical attenuation measurements show the extended transmission in the mid-infrared of the produced fibers, up to 2.8 µm with minimum losses of 3.1 dB/m at 1310 nm from unpurified glass. These results show that the germano-gallate glasses represent promising mid-infrared materials over an extended fiber drawing domain.
Novel Treatment for Hemophilia A by Factor VIII Mimetic Bispecific Antibody (2017)

頻回の経静脈的投与による身体的精神的負担，活動性の高い患者におけるトラフレベルの設定，インヒビターの発生リスクやインヒビター陽性例の治療などは血友病治療における大きな課題である．最近，これらを解決するために，活性型第VIII因子機能を代替する抗FIXa/FX認識ヒト型遺伝子組み換えバイスペシフィック抗体（emicizumab；ACE910）がわが国で創製された．本製剤は抗体製剤であり皮下投与が可能である．さらに，血中半減期は約4～5週で，従来の第VIII因子製剤の半減期（約10時間）と比較するとはるかに長い．さらに，FVIIIa作用はvon Willebrand因子により保護される必要もなく，インヒビターの有無に関わらず有効である．すでに血友病A患者を対象とした第1/2相臨床試験が実施され，週1回の皮下投与によりインヒビターの有無に関係なく年間出血回数が激減することが報告された．現在，第3相国際臨床試験が実施中である．本製剤は正常な活動や関節機能を実現できるポテンシャルを有する．
Reduced Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Graphene Gas Barrier Films for Flexible Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2015)

Preventing reactive gas species such as oxygen or water is important to ensure the stability and durability of organic electronics. Although inorganic materials have been predominantly employed as the protective layers, their poor mechanical property has hindered the practical application to flexible electronics. The densely packed hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms in graphene does not allow the transmission of small gas molecules. In addition, its outstanding mechanical flexibility and optical transmittance are expected to be useful to overcome the current mechanical limit of the inorganic materials. In this paper, we reported the measurement of the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) through the 6-layer 10 × 10 cm(2) large-area graphene films synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The WVTR was measured to be as low as 10(-4) g/m(2)·day initially, and stabilized at ∼0.48 g/m(2)·day, which corresponds to 7 times reduction in WVTR compared to bare polymer substrates. We also showed that the graphene-passivated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) exhibited excellent environmental stability as well as a prolonged lifetime even after 500 bending cycles with strain of 2.3%. We expect that our results would be a good reference showing the graphene's potential as gas barriers for organic electronics.
Bi2O2Se-Based Memristor-Aided Logic (2021)

The implementation of two-dimensional materials into memristor architectures has recently been a new research focus by taking advantage of their atomic thickness, unique lattice, and physical and electronic properties. Among the van der Waals family, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Se is an emerging ternary two-dimensional layered material with ambient stability, suitable band structure, and high conductivity that exhibits high potential for use in electronic applications. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Se-based memristor-aided logic. By carefully tuning the electric field polarity of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Se through a Pd contact, a reconfigurable NAND gate with zero static power consumption is realized. To provide more knowledge on NAND operation, a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation is carried out. Because the NAND gate is a universal logic gate, cascading additional NAND gates can exhibit versatile logic functions. Therefore, the proposed Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Se-based MAGIC can be a promising building block for developing next-generation in-memory logic computers with multiple functions.
The polyomavirus enhancer activates chromatin accessibility on integration into the HPRT gene. (1992)

Recent studies suggest that enhancers may increase the accessibility of chromatin to transcription factors. To test the effects of a viral enhancer on chromatin accessibility, we have inserted minigenes with or without the polyomavirus enhancer into the third exon of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene by homologous recombination and have prepared high-resolution maps of gene accessibility by using a novel polymerase chain reaction assay for DNase I sensitivity. In its native state, we find that the HPRT gene has low sensitivity to DNase I in fibrosarcoma cells. Insertion of the polyomavirus enhancer and neo reporter gene into exon 3 confers altered HPRT DNase I sensitivity for several kilobases on either side of the enhancer. The changes in DNase I sensitivity peak near the enhancer and decline with distance from the enhancer. The increase in HPRT DNase I sensitivity persisted when the tk promoter was deleted from the inserted construct but disappeared when the enhancer was deleted. These experiments identify the polyomavirus enhancer as a cis-acting initiator of chromatin accessibility.
Laser welding of electrical steel stacks investigation of the weldability (2014)

Laser welding enables new designing prospects of highly effective electrical machines. This paper presents fundamental investigations concerning the weldability of electrical steel, and an approach for the mechanical characterization of the weld seam. Through an integrated view of the independent variables: process, design and material, the limits of weldability could be expanded. Moreover a significant increase in material strength due to the laser welding process is shown. These perceptions provide fundamental insight for the design of weld seams on electrical steel laminations.