gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-passivation of transparent single-walled carbon nanotube films on plastic substrates by microwave-induced rapid nanowelding (2012)

We developed a straightforward method for enhancing the environmental stability of transparent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network films on plastic substrates using a rapid microwave heating to produce SWCNT film–substrate nanowelding without any chemicals. The selective heating of SWCNTs induced by microwave irradiation leads to embedding the SWCNTs in the substrate, even within 10 s, without distortion of the substrate. The SWCNTs-embedded surface of the substrate played the role of a self-passivation layer that protected the SWCNTs from water molecules. The sheet resistance values of the nanowelded films had not increased more than 10%.
HISTOGRAM OF EDGE SEGMENT CURVATURES FOR TEXTURE RECOGNITION (2018)

Texture recognition is one of the active fields in pattern recognition. Researchers have been searching for the best representation of a texture image for decades. The majority of methods use appearance-based properties of texture images to generate a feature descriptor. In this paper, we propose novel feature descriptor, namely histogram of edge segment curvatures (HESC) which extracts edge segments of an input image and construct a histogram from quantized curvature values of them. Therefore, HESC unveils geometric information of texture images by utilizing curve strengths for each pixel along the edge segments. We show that the proposed feature descriptor is robust against rotation and translation. We also extend HESC descriptor to emphasis the contribution of small curvature values. We carry out several experiments in UIUC texture dataset and compare the performance of the proposed HESC descriptor to well-known Local Binary Pattern (LBP). The proposed texture descriptor outperforms LBP in terms of recognition accuracy.
Zirconia to Ti‐6Al‐4V braze joint for implantable biomedical device (2004)

A strong, hermetic, reliable, and biocompatible ceramic-to-metal seal is essential for many implantable medical devices. Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZPs) and a titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V were selected as the ceramic and metal components of the seal because both materials have excellent mechanical properties and favorable biocompatibility. A brazing method using titanium nickel (TiNi)-clad braze filler material is presented to bond the components together forming a seal. Laboratory tests show that the ceramic-to-metal seal is hermetic, strong, and resistant to electrochemical corrosion. Twenty-eight microstimulators utilizing the ceramic-to-metal seals were implanted in seven sheep to stimulate the hypoglossal nerve. When the tissue was evaluated by gross inspection at necropsy and examined histologically by a pathologist, there were no signs of local hemorrhage, infection, or hypoglossal nerve tissue damage.
Phosphorylation of human pleckstrin on Ser-113 and Ser-117 by protein kinase C (1996)

During platelet activation, receptor-coupled phospholipid hydrolysis stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) and results in the phosphorylation of several proteins, the most prominent being pleckstrin. Pleckstrin is composed of two repeated domains, now called pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, separated by a spacer region that contains several consensus PKC phosphorylation sites. To determine the role of PKC-dependent phosphorylation in pleckstrin function, we mapped the phosphorylation sites in vivo of wild-type and site-directed mutants of pleckstrin expressed in COS cells. Phosphorylation was found to occur almost exclusively on Ser-113 and Ser-117 within the sequence 108-KFARKS*TRRS*IRL-120. Phosphorylation of these sites was confirmed by phosphorylation of the corresponding wild-type and mutant synthetic peptides in vitro.
[Specific phosphorylation of a calf serum protein by a kinase from the cell surface]. (1979)

A protein of molecular weight approximately 200,000, which exists in trace amounts in calf serum, is specifically phosphorylated by an enzyme located at the surface of cultured cells. The emzymatic reaction utilizes ATP, is enhanced by Mg++ and Zn++ ions, and is not dependent on cyclic AMP. This kinase activity is associated with normal growing fibroblasts but disappears when they are contact-inhibited. It remains high, however, in transformed and malignant cells, whatever their growth state.
MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION ON A SINGLE MACHINE SCHEDULING (2010)

We consider a single machine scheduling problem to minimize a multiple objective function; sumof earliness, tardiness and completion time. As this problem is complete NP-hard we propose a branch andbound algorithm to obtain an optimal solution. The implementation of optimizing algorithms dose seen to bepromising but it need longer time. Thus we tackle the problem with local search methods: descent method,simulated annealing and threshold acceptance. The performance of these heuristic methods is evaluated on alarge set of test problems, and the results are also compared with these obtained by genetic algorithm andhybrid method which is combining the simulated annealing with the genetic algorithm. The best results are obtained with the hybrid method. We solved the problem optimality with up to 35 jobs and approximately with up to 150000 jobs.&#x0D;
Supplementary Figure S8 from Genetic Heterogeneity and Tissue-specific Patterns of Tumors with Multiple <i>PIK3CA</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Progression-free survival of patients with PIK3CA mutant tumors in the SANDPIPER study stratified by treatment arm and the quantity of PIK3CA mutations detected.&lt;/p&gt;
A simplified route to a key intermediate in the synthesis of the Chinese nootropic agent huperzine A (1990)

An efficient one-pot, three-component process for the preparation of 2-pyridones from a carbonyl compound, ammonia, and methyl propiolate has been found which provides ready access to a key intermediate in the synthesis of huperzine A.
Low‐frequency and high‐frequency relaxations in dynamic electric birefringence of poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate) in m‐cresol (1982)

Abstract The dc component Δ n of the electric birefringence of poly(γ‐benzyl‐ L ‐glutamate) in m ‐cresol is measured under an ac electric field at frequencies from 0.5 Hz to 200 kHz for solutions covering the dilute and semidilute regions. The dispersion curve indicates that at low frequencies Δ n decreases with increasing frequency (low‐frequency relaxation). For high‐molecular‐weight polymers at high concentration, Δ n becomes negative at high frequency and its absolute value decreases with further increase in frequency (high‐frequency relaxation). A unified theory for the two relaxations is developed on the basis of a model in which, in the semidilute regime, the rodlike polymer is confined in a cage formed by neighboring polymers and the lifetime of the cage lies between relaxation times of the two relaxations. The low‐frequency relaxation is ascribed to end‐over‐end rotation of the polymer and the high‐frequency relaxation to the rotation within a limited angle in the cage. The dependences of relaxation parameters on polymer concentration and molecular weight are reasonably explained by the theory.
Flexible Fabrics with High Thermal Conductivity for Advanced Spacesuits (2006)

This paper describes the effort and accomplishments for developing flexible fabrics with high thermal conductivity (FFHTC) for spacesuits to improve thermal performance, lower weight and reduce complexity. Commercial and additional space exploration applications that require substantial performance enhancements in removal and transport of heat away from equipment as well as from the human body can benefit from this technology. Improvements in thermal conductivity were achieved through the use of modified polymers containing thermally conductive additives. The objective of the FFHTC effort is to significantly improve the thermal conductivity of the liquid cooled ventilation garment by improving the thermal conductivity of the subcomponents (i.e., fabric and plastic tubes). This paper presents the initial system modeling studies, including a detailed liquid cooling garment model incorporated into the Wissler human thermal regulatory model, to quantify the necessary improvements in thermal conductivity and garment geometries needed to affect system performance. In addition, preliminary results of thermal conductivity improvements of the polymer components of the liquid cooled ventilation garment are presented. By improving thermal garment performance, major technology drivers will be addressed for lightweight, high thermal conductivity, flexible materials for spacesuits that are strategic technical challenges of the Exploration
Ps−emission from Cs coated surfaces (2010)

Recently, we have observed the efficient emission of positronium negative ions from Cs coated W(100) and polycrystalline Mo and Ta surfaces. The efficient emission enables us to perform new experimental studies on these ions. The investigations of the efficient production of positronium negative ions are reviewed and a measurement of the binding energy of the ions and a photodetachment experiment are proposed.
Clinical development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines (2022)

Despite unanticipated and complex challenges presented by real-time vaccine development in the context of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent ever-changing landscape of public health measures and recommendations, important milestones were reached within extraordinarily short periods and, following roll-out to billions worldwide, the approved vaccines have proven to be well tolerated and effective. Whilst this is an exceptional feat and an example of what can be achieved with collaboration and innovation, there are lessons that can still be learned, including the need for further harmonization between regulatory authorities, modes to react to the pandemic's ever-evolving challenges, and ensuring equitable vaccine access among low-income countries.
Study on a Turbine Housing with Inner Insulation Structure for Rapid Catalyst Light-Off (2022)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Experimental study on a turbine housing with inner insulation structure has been conducted for rapid light-off of the catalyst unit, which is located at the downstream side of turbochargers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The turbine housing with feasible inner-insulation structures has been designed and prototyped. It is referred to as the inner-insulated turbine housing. The concept of inner-insulation structures is a combination of sheet metals and insulators. The turbine housing was built using metal additive manufacturing with powder bed fusion technique.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The gas stand test demonstrates the inner-insulated turbine housing under cold start-up with high temperature and idle condition to evaluate the time reduction for activation of the catalyst unit. To acquire the thermal and flow characteristic of the catalyst element, sheathed thermocouples were installed in the catalyst element. As a result, the inner-insulated turbine housing can shorten the activation time for the catalyst element from 18.7sec to 14.6sec compared with conventional one. It has been proven highly effective for rapid catalyst light-off.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In addition, turbine performance with thermal energy loss is also discussed through CFD and CHT (Conjugate Heat Transfer) calculations for two kinds of turbochargers, which were examined in the gas stand test. The inner-insulated turbine housing slightly degrades the turbine performance compared with the conventional one. This aerodynamics penalty originates from the modified and simplified geometry of the turbine housing to form feasible inner insulation structures. On the other hand, the inner-insulated turbine housing can reduce the thermal energy loss and contribute to the improvement in aerothermal performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Eventually, the useful information to attain the high reliability design for an inner-insulated turbine housing has been obtained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Finite Sample Inference for Targeted Learning (2017)

The Highly-Adaptive-Lasso(HAL)-TMLE is an efficient estimator of a pathwise differentiable parameter in a statistical model that at minimal (and possibly only) assumes that the sectional variation norm of the true nuisance parameters are finite. It relies on an initial estimator (HAL-MLE) of the nuisance parameters by minimizing the empirical risk over the parameter space under the constraint that sectional variation norm is bounded by a constant, where this constant can be selected with cross-validation. In the formulation of the HALMLE this sectional variation norm corresponds with the sum of absolute value of coefficients for an indicator basis. Due to its reliance on machine learning, statistical inference for the TMLE has been based on its normal limit distribution, thereby potentially ignoring a large second order remainder in finite samples. In this article, we present four methods for construction of a finite sample 0.95-confidence interval that use the nonparametric bootstrap to estimate the finite sample distribution of the HAL-TMLE or a conservative distribution dominating the true finite sample distribution. We prove that it consistently estimates the optimal normal limit distribution, while its approximation error is driven by the performance of the bootstrap for a well behaved empirical process. We demonstrate our general inferential methods for 1) nonparametric estimation of the average treatment effect based on observing on each unit a covariate vector, binary treatment, and outcome, and for 2) nonparametric estimation of the integral of the square of the multivariate density of the data distribution.
In vivo sampling of Verteporfin uptake in pancreas cancer xenograft models: comparison of surface, oral, and interstitial measurements (2010)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated with Verteporfin is being investigated as a pancreatic cancer treatment in the cases for non-surgical candidates. Tissue response to PDT is based on a number of parameters including photosensitizer (PS) dose, light dose and time interval between light application and PS injection. In this study, PS uptake and distribution in animal leg muscle, oral cavity tissues, pancreas and tumor was measured in vivo using light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) via an Aurora Optics Inc. PDT fluorescence dosimeter. An orthotopic pancreatic cancer model (AsPC-1) was implanted in SCID mice and treated with the PS. Probe measurements were made using a surface probe and an interstitial needle probe before and up to one hour after intravenous tail vein injection of the PS. The study demonstrated that it is possible to correlate in-vivo LIFS measurements of the PS uptake in the pancreas with measurements taken from the oral cavity indicating that light dosimetry of PDT of the pancreas can be ascertained from the LIFS measurements in the oral cavity. These results emphasize the importance of light dosimetry in improving the therapeutic outcome of PDT through light dose adaptation to the relative <i>in situ</i> tissue PS concentration.
Solubility, functional properties, ACE‐I inhibitory and DPPH scavenging activities of Alcalase hydrolysed soy protein hydrolysates (2016)

Summary Soy proteins are less soluble at acidic pH value, which impedes their utilisation in acidic beverages. Soy protein isolate ( SPI ) was hydrolysed using varying Alcalase concentrations (0.0001–2.0 U g −1 protein) at different pH s (3.0–4.0). Degree of hydrolysis ( DH ) of soy protein hydrolysates ( SPH ) at pH 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 were 5.0–10.7%, 2.3–6.1% and 0–5.4%, respectively, while solubilities ranged from 70.7 to 74.9%, 18.8 to 51.2% and 7.1 to 40.4%, respectively. The highest solubility (74.9%) was observed at pH 3.0 with 1.5 U Alcalase per g protein ( DH = 9.2%). Emulsifying activities of SPH s at pH 3.0 and 4.0 ranged from 0.49 to 0.63 AU and 0.19 to 0.24 AU , respectively, while the emulsifying stabilities were 12.2–14.7 min and 18.7–56.0 min, respectively. The foaming capacity at pH 3.0 and 4.0 was 44.9–46.3 mL and 31.2–41.3 mL , respectively, whereas the foaming stability was 25.5–35.2 min and 12.8–15.1 min, respectively. However, hydrolysates had an insignificant effect on ACE ‐I inhibitory and DPPH scavenging activities in comparison with SPI.
Adenovirus DNA Replication (2013)

Adenoviruses have attracted much attention as probes to study biological processes such as DNA replication, transcription, splicing, and cellular transformation. More recently these viruses have been used as gene-transfer vectors and oncolytic agents. On the other hand, adenoviruses are notorious pathogens in people with compromised immune functions. This article will briefly summarize the basic replication strategy of adenoviruses and the key proteins involved and will deal with the new developments since 2006. In addition, we will cover the development of antivirals that interfere with human adenovirus (HAdV) replication and the impact of HAdV on human disease.
Flow Characteristics in a Transonic Ultra-Low-Aspect-Ratio Axial Turbine Vane (2002)

Low-aspect-ratio (Low AR) nozzle guide vane (NGV) has been rarely adopted in conventional turbine component because of a low performance as predicted by one-dimensional loss model. The reason is that performance deterioration becomes especially large by the increase of secondary flow due to the low AR. On the other hand, there are some considerable benefits by adopting the low AR NGV. For example, by decreasing the number of the NGV, it leads to no resonance of rotor blade (RB) due to the number of NGV and low cost. Therefore HONDA R&D has developed a unique single stage HPT characterized by ultra-low AR (span height/axial chord=0.30) NGV in order to attain no resonance of RB and low cost, forming a part of the development for a small turbo fan engine. In the development stage, an unconventional phenomenon of high loss region has been observed around the center between blade to blade near the hub wall at NGV exit. The high loss region significantly influences on the turbine stage performance. This paper presents the special phenomenon of the high loss region and clarifies the reason using various CFD analyses, including rig test results and some techniques for high performance turbine component. The main reason of the high loss region is due to an axial cavity below hub wall between NGV and RB. Also, fillet R of NGV at the trailing edge on hub wall significantly increases the loss.
Endoscopic OCT (Presentation Video) (2015)

In this Hot Topics presentation, Brett Bouma notes how diagnostic procedures using optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology have become the gold standard for detecting diseases of the eye, heart and gastrointestinal tract, looking for disease in the body -- without incisions. Advances in endoscopic OCT have included a 20-fold increase in image speed, now producing 3,000 frames per second. Other advances include new probes such as tethered capsules, polarization sensitive imaging, and uses in biopsy guidance. The technique has been in use since the 1990s in animals and in humans since 2002. But the clinical community was skeptical until studies in 2003 showed ways to obtain dramatically higher speed imaging of tissues over a wider field of view. Brett Bouma is a professor of dermatology and health sciences and technology at Harvard Medical School and an associate physicist in the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). His doctoral research, at the University of Illinois, Chicago, focused on understanding the interaction of ultrafast laser pulses with optical materials and plasmas. Since starting a lab at MGH in 1998, he has focused his research on the development and clinical application of novel optical technologies for diagnosis and therapy.
Plasticity of synaptic glun receptors is required for the Src‐dependent induction of long‐term potentiation at CA3‐CA1 synapses (2010)

The induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of CA3-CA1 synapses requires activation of postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (GluNRs). At resting potential, the contribution of GluNRs is limited by their voltage-dependent block by extracellular Mg(2+). High-frequency afferent stimulation is required to cause sufficient summation of excitatory synaptic potentials (EPSPs) to relieve this block and to permit an influx of Ca(2+). It has been assumed that this relief of Mg(2+) block is sufficient for induction. We postulated that the induction of LTP also requires a Src-dependent plasticity of GluNRs. Using whole-cell recordings, LTP (GluARs) of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors-EPSCS was induced by pairing postsynaptic depolarization with presynaptic stimulation. This LTP was both GluNR and Src-dependent, being sensitive to AP-5, a GluNR selective antagonist, or to SU6656, a Src-selective inhibitor. When CNQX was used to block all GluARs, we observed a long-lasting potentiation of GluNR-mediated EPSCs. This plasticity was prevented by transiently blocking GluNRs during the induction protocol or by chelating intracellular Ca(2+). GluNRs plasticity was also prevented by bath applications of SU6656 or intracellular applications of the Src-selective inhibitory peptide, Src(40-58). It was also blocked by preventing activation of protein kinase C, a kinase that is upstream of Src-kinase-dependent regulation of GluNRs. Both GluN2A and GluN2B receptors were found to contribute to the plasticity of GluNRs. The contribution of GluNRs and, in particular, their plasticity to the maintenance of LTP was explored using AP5 and SU6656, respectively. When applied >20 min after induction neither drug influenced the magnitude of LTP. However, when applied immediately after induction, treatment with either drug caused the initial magnitude of LTP to progressively decrease to a sustained phase of reduced amplitude. Collectively, our findings suggest that GluNR plasticity, although not strictly required for induction, is necessary for the maintenance of a nondecrementing component of LTP.
A Zero‐Dimensional Organic Seesaw‐Shaped Tin Bromide with Highly Efficient Strongly Stokes‐Shifted Deep‐Red Emission (2017)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization is reported of (C 9 NH 20 ) 2 SnBr 4 , a novel organic metal halide hybrid with a zero‐dimensional (0D) structure, in which individual seesaw‐shaped tin (II) bromide anions (SnBr 4 2− ) are co‐crystallized with 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium cations (C 9 NH 20 + ). Upon photoexcitation, the bulk crystals exhibit a highly efficient broadband deep‐red emission peaked at 695 nm, with a large Stokes shift of 332 nm and a high quantum efficiency of around 46 %. The unique photophysical properties of this hybrid material are attributed to two major factors: 1) the 0D structure allowing the bulk crystals to exhibit the intrinsic properties of individual SnBr 4 2− species, and 2) the seesaw structure enabling a pronounced excited state structural deformation as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.