gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmon-Sampled Surface-Enhanced Raman Excitation Spectroscopy on Silver Immobilized Nanorod Assemblies and Optimization for Near Infrared (λex = 1064 nm) Studies (2012)

For many Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) applications, the enhancing substrate must exhibit a number of critical properties that include low cost, robustness, and reproducibly high enhancement over large areas of the substrate. In this study we investigate the SERS fundamental enhancement factor of silver Immobilized Nanorod Assembly (AgINRA) substrates as a function of both the dielectric sphere diameter (310–780 nm) and the input laser wavelength (633–1064 nm) with a technique called plasmon-sampled surface-enhanced Raman excitation spectroscopy (PS-SERES). The nonresonant molecule benzenethiol was chosen as the probe molecule. Higher enhancement factors (EFs) were measured as the plasmon resonance and excitation wavelength’s relative separation were optimized and both moved toward the infrared region, ultimately eclipsing the 108 mark. This is the highest EF to date measured on this type of large-area substrate. The enhancement factors reported here are the result of efficient coupling between free space photons and the surface plasmon states in the metal INRA substrate. Coupled with their robustness and ease of fabrication, these results further underscore the value and versatility of metal INRA substrates in the field of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Specifications: Formal and informal—a case study (1982)

Abstract Formal specifications (algebraic) are given for an informally specified small subsystem of the Change Management Automatic Build System. A comparison of the two specifications shows that although informal specifications are easier to read, the formal specifications are clearer, specify operation domains precisely, define the interaction between the operations, show the incompleteness of the informal specifications and are devoid of implementation details. The formal specifications pointed to the need of a function not in the subsystem whose inclusion would improve the system design. This inclusion is now being considered. However, the use of algebraic specifications requires practice and experience. Although the formal specification of large systems is somewhat impractical at the moment, experience in using formal specifications can lead to better informal specifications.
CYCLOPHOSPHAZENES AS VERSATILE SUBSTRATES IN POLYMER CHEMISTRY (2004)

In this article we present the synthesis of new cyclophosphazenes and their use as chain extenders, polymers compatibilizers, and monomers.
Development of energy-tunable positronium beams employing the photodetachment of positronium negative ions (2014)

Recentprogressonthedevelopmentof anenergy-tunablepositroniumbeamis reviewed.We describe experimental results for the efficient emission of positronium negative ions from alkali-metal coated tungsten surfaces. The ions generated using this technique have been accelerated by an electric field and photodetached in order to produce positronium beams with a hitherto unrealized energy range up to 1.9 keV.
SPARCcenter 2000: multiprocessing for the 90's (2002)

The SPARCcenter 2000 is the first implementation of a new generation of symmetric high-performance, highly configurable SPARC multiprocessor systems. With up to 20 processors, extensive main memory, expansibility, and large IO capacity, the SPARCcenter 2000 is designed to meet the computing needs of most corporate data centers. A high throughput system interconnect, composed of two interleaved XDBuses, combined with multiprocessor scalability, make the SPARCcenter 2000 the right platform for computationally intensive tasks. Reliability and availability features, full SPARC binary compatibility, IO scalability, and Solaris 2.X MP capability also make the SPARCcenter 2000 the ideal rightsizing platform for commercial and RDBMS applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Staphylococcus aureus TargetArray: Comprehensive Differential Essential Gene Expression as a Mechanistic Tool To Profile Antibacterials (2010)

The widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and a lack of new pharmaceutical development have catalyzed a need for new and innovative approaches for antibiotic drug discovery. One bottleneck in antibiotic discovery is the lack of a rapid and comprehensive method to identify compound mode of action (MOA). Since a hallmark of antibiotic action is as an inhibitor of essential cellular targets and processes, we identify a set of 308 essential genes in the clinically important pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 446 strains differentially expressing these genes were constructed in a comprehensive platform of sensitized and resistant strains. A subset of strains allows either target underexpression or target overexpression by heterologous promoter replacements with a suite of tetracycline-regulatable promoters. A further subset of 236 antisense RNA-expressing clones allows knockdown expression of cognate targets. Knockdown expression confers selective antibiotic hypersensitivity, while target overexpression confers resistance. The antisense strains were configured into a TargetArray in which pools of sensitized strains were challenged in fitness tests. A rapid detection method measures strain responses toward antibiotics. The TargetArray antibiotic fitness test results show mechanistically informative biological fingerprints that allow MOA elucidation.
Patterns of Dwarf expression and brassinosteroid accumulation in tomato reveal the importance of brassinosteroid synthesis during fruit development (2005)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential for many physiological functions in plants, however little is known concerning where and when they are synthesized. This is especially true during flower and fruit production. To address this we have used a promoter-GUS reporter fusion and RT-PCR to determine the relative expression levels of the tomato Dwarf (D) gene that encodes a BR C-6 oxidase. In young seedlings GUS reporter activity was observed mainly in apical and root tissues undergoing expansion. In flowers GUS activity was observed in the pedicel joints and ovaries, whereas in fruits it was strongest during early seed development and was associated with the locular jelly and seeds. RT-PCR analysis showed that tissue-specific expression of Dwarf mRNA was consistent with that of the Dwarf:GUS fusion. In good correlation with the high local Dwarf activity, quantitative measurements of endogenous BRs indicated intense biosynthesis in developing tomato fruits, which were also found to contain high amounts of brassinolide. Grafting experiments showed the lack of BR transport indicating that BR action occurs at the site of synthesis.
Segmentation-Aware Deformable Part Models (2014)

In this work we propose a technique to combine bottom-up segmentation, coming in the form of SLIC superpixels, with sliding window detectors, such as Deformable Part Models (DPMs). The merit of our approach lies in "cleaning up" the low-level HOG features by exploiting the spatial support of SLIC superpixels, this can be understood as using segmentation to split the feature variation into object-specific and background changes. Rather than committing to a single segmentation we use a large pool of SLIC superpixels and combine them in a scale-, position- and object-dependent manner to build soft segmentation masks. The segmentation masks can be computed fast enough to repeat this process over every candidate window, during training and detection, for both the root and part filters of DPMs. We use these masks to construct enhanced, background-invariant features to train DPMs. We test our approach on the PASCAL VOC 2007, outperforming the standard DPM in 17 out of 20 classes, yielding an average increase of 1.7% AP. Additionally, we demonstrate the robustness of this approach, extending it to dense SIFT descriptors for large displacement optical flow.
The Thieves on Sesame Street are Polyglots - Extracting Multilingual Models from Monolingual APIs (2020)

Pre-training in natural language processing makes it easier for an adversary with only query access to a victim model to reconstruct a local copy of the victim by training with gibberish input data paired with the victim's labels for that data. We discover that this extraction process extends to local copies initialized from a pre-trained, multilingual model while the victim remains monolingual. The extracted model learns the task from the monolingual victim, but it generalizes far better than the victim to several other languages. This is done without ever showing the multilingual, extracted model a well-formed input in any of the languages for the target task. We also demonstrate that a few real examples can greatly improve performance, and we analyze how these results shed light on how such extraction methods succeed.
Recommendations of the ESGE Workshop on Ethical, Clinical, and Economic Dilemmas Arising from the Implementation of New Techniques (2003)

Journal Article
Experimental Validation of Time Reversal Multiple Access for UWB Wireless Communications at the SubTHz Frequency Band (2022)

International audience
Developments of optical lattice clock frequency standards and their remote comparisons (2014)

We have developed "optical lattice clocks" to clarify their effectiveness as the next generation time-frequency standard, whose uncertainty is expected to improve that of the current international atomic time (TAI) by 2-3 orders of magnitude under the Quantum Standards Subproject of the Quantum Information Processing Project (Figure 1). In particular, we investigated applications of such highly accurate time standards by establishing highly stable time-frequency links to compare two remote clocks of tens of km apart. The general relativistic effect due to the gravity significantly affects such clock comparisons, which may lead to novel applications of clocks to search precise geoid height and the relativistic geodesy. We thus hope to demonstrate possible impact and applications of these novel quantum standards that allow us searching hitherto unexplored space-time features.
Plant metabolism of nematode pheromones mediates plant-nematode interactions (2020)

Microorganisms and nematodes in the rhizosphere profoundly impact plant health, and small-molecule signaling is presumed to play a central role in plant rhizosphere interactions. However, the nature of the signals and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that the ascaroside ascr#18, a pheromone secreted by plant-parasitic nematodes, is metabolized by plants to generate chemical signals that repel nematodes and reduce infection. Comparative metabolomics of plant tissues and excretions revealed that ascr#18 is converted into shorter side-chained ascarosides that confer repellency. An Arabidopsis mutant defective in two peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases does not metabolize ascr#18 and does not repel nematodes, indicating that plants, like nematodes, employ conserved peroxisomal β-oxidation to edit ascarosides and change their message. Our results suggest that plant-editing of nematode pheromones serves as a defense mechanism that acts in parallel to conventional pattern-triggered immunity, demonstrating that plants may actively manipulate chemical signaling of soil organisms.
A Convergent Radical-Based Route to Biaryls (2009)

A route to biaryl-3-carboxylate esters involving a radical 1,2-aryl migration has been developed. This strategy hinges on the radical addition of xanthate 2 to olefin 1 causing a 1,2-aryl shift leading to alpha,beta-unsaturated ester 5, which is then converted into biaryl 10 by treatment with DBU under microwave heating.
Nanoscale Morphological Characterization of Coordinated Binder and Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Silicon‐Based Electrodes for Li‐Ion Batteries (Small Methods 10/2022) (2022)

Inside Back Cover In article number 2200827, Roué, Lestriez, and co-workers visualized the dual role of the binder in composite electrodes prepared with silicon nanoparticles thanks to electron beams in scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy experiments, owing the use of Zn ions (in pink) as markers of the coordination polymer presence. The latter holds together silicon particles otherwise disconnected and minimizes electrolyte degradation (in grey) at their surface, helping to improve the performance of Li-ion batteries.
Solannm lyratum extract affected immune response in normal and leukemia murine animal in vivo (2010)

Solanum lyratum Thunberg (Solanaceae) has been used as a folk medicine for treating liver, lung and esophagus in the Chinese population. Our previous studies have shown that the crude extract of S. lyratum Thunberg (SLE) induced apoptosis in colo 205 human colon adenocarcinoma cells; however, there is no report to show SLE affect immune responses in vivo. In this study, the in vivo effects of SLE on leukemia WEHI-3 cells and immune responses such as phagocytosis and natural killer (NK) cell activity in normal and leukemia mice were investigated. The SLE treatment decreases surface markers of CD3 and Mac-3 in normal and leukemia mice but promoted the cell markers of CD19 and CD11b in normal mice and CD11b in leukemia mice indicating that the precursors of T cells was inhibited and B cells and macrophage were promoted. The SLE treatment promoted the activity of macrophage phagocytosis in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and peritoneal cells from normal and leukemia mice. The results also showed that NK cells from the normal and leukemia mice after treatment with SLE can kill the YAC-1 target cells. Therefore, the SLE treatment increased macrophage and NK cell activities. These consistent results indicate SLE could be a potent immune responses agent.
Supplemental Table S2 from A Novel Bispecific Antibody Targeting EGFR and cMet Is Effective against EGFR Inhibitor–Resistant Lung Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Activity Profile of JNJ-61186372 in Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines&lt;/p&gt;
Provođenje Nacionalnog programa ranog otkrivanja raka dojke (2008)

Nacionalni progranog otkrivanja raka dojke usvojen je na 173. sjednici Vlade Republike Hrvatske 29.06.2006. godine, a sukladan je odrednicama Nacionalne strategije prevencije i ranog otkrivanja raka, koja je dio Strategije razvoja zdravstva Hrvatske 2006 – 2011 godine. Također slijedi rezoluciju o prevenciji i kontroli karcinoma (WHA¨58.22 «Cancer prevention and control»), Svjetske zdravstvene skupstine 2005. godine.
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Flux Observers for Induction Motors (2007)

This paper analyzes the effect of the variation of machine parameters on flux observers in the steady-state condition by the frequency-domain method. Both the flux estimation and the torque estimation are evaluated. The frequency response function (FRF) expressed by the ratio of the estimated flux/torque to the corresponding physical one is derived to evaluate the parameter sensitivity. The flux observers investigated in this paper include the open-loop voltage model, the open-loop current model, and three types of closed-loop adaptive flux observers with PI regulator. Computer simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical analysis.
[From the glycogenic function of the liver to gene regulation by glucose]. (1998)

Glucose, that Claude Bernard has demonstrated in 1850 to be synthesized and secreted by the liver, is an important regulator of gene transcription in all types of organisms. In vertebrates, it especially regulates transcription of metabolic genes in the liver and fat tissue, activating genes encoding enzymes and regulators of the glycolytic and lipogenic pathways. Working with the L-type pyruvate kinase gene we have found that in hepatocytes glucose-dependent gene regulation requires: Presence of the GLUT2 glucose transporter, necessary to allow for an effective depletion in glucose 6-phosphate (G-6P) under gluconeogenic conditions. Phosphorylation of glucose to G-6P assured either by insulin-dependent glucokinase or by another hexokinase isoform. Most likely, entry of G-6P in the pentose phosphate pathway. Modulation of a kinase/phosphatase cascade, in particular inhibition of the 5'AMP-activated protein kinase. Signalling through a glucose response complex assembled onto a glucose-response element (GIRE) located in regulatory regions of glucose-responsive genes. The activators USF belong to the complex, and are required for a normal gene activation by glucose, as evidenced from the phenotype of knock-out mice deficient in USF. The study of USF-defective knock-out mice suggest that USF could be involved in nutritional activation of a whole class of genes regulated by glucose, and not by insulin itself. In particular, lipogenic genes and the ob gene, encoding the leptin satiety hormone, are abnormally responsive to diet in USF-/- mice. The transactivation potential of USF would be modulated by a glucose sensor system implying the COUP-TFII transcription inhibitor. The main role of insulin in the glucose response of genes like the L-PK gene is to induce the glucokinase gene. Glucagon, through cyclic AMP, inhibits L-PK gene transcription mainly through activation of PKA. The PKA catalytic subunit could act by phosphorylating member(s) of the glucose-response complex, or of contiguous transcription factor, e.g. HNF4. In conclusion, through a pluridisciplinary approach ranging from Claude Bernard-derived biology to modern molecular biology, important progress have been made during the last years on the mechanisms of the regulation of gene transcription by glucose in vertebrates.
Digital microfluidics using soft lithography (2005)

Although microfluidic chips have demonstrated basic functionality for single applications, performing varied and complex experiments on a single device is still technically challenging. While many groups have implemented control software to drive the pumps, valves, and electrodes used to manipulate fluids in microfluidic devices, a new level of programmability is needed for end users to orchestrate their own unique experiments on a given device. This paper presents an approach for programmable and scalable control of discrete fluid samples in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic system using multiphase flows. An immiscible fluid phase is utilized to separate aqueous samples from one another, and a novel "microfluidic latch" is used to precisely align a sample after it has been transported a long distance through the flow channels. To demonstrate the scalability of the approach, this paper introduces a "general-purpose" microfluidic chip containing a rotary mixer and addressable storage cells. The system is general purpose in that all operations on the chip operate in terms of unit-sized aqueous samples; using the underlying mechanisms for sample transport and storage, additional sensors and actuators can be integrated in a scalable manner. A novel high-level software library allows users to specify experiments in terms of variables (i.e., fluids) and operations (i.e., mixes) without the need for detailed knowledge about the underlying device architecture. This research represents a first step to provide a programmable interface to the microfluidic realm, with the aim of enabling a new level of scalability and flexibility for lab-on-a-chip experiments.
SMAP (1998)

It has become clear that large embedded configurable memory arrays will be essential in future FPGAs. Embedded arrays provide high-density high-speed implementations of the storage parts of circuits. Unfortunately, they require the FPGA vendor to partition the device into memory and logic resources at manufacture-time. This leads to a waste of chip area for customers that do not use all of the storage provided. This chip area need not be wasted, and can in fact be used very efficiently, if the arrays are configured as large multi-output ROMs, and used to implement logic.
Microstructure and Electrical Properties of BaTiO3-based Semiconductive Ceramics. (1996)

The effects of calcination conditions on the electrical properties of BaTiO3-based PTC thermistorshave been studied. Samples quenched from 1350°C showed significantly lower resistivity than those quenched from 1300°C. Over the same temperature range, a large amount of oxygen was evolved and a divergence between grain and grain boundary resistance was observed. The grain boundary phase is mainly composed of Ba, Ti and Si, and is Ti-poor and Si-rich compared with the grain composition. It was shown that the occurence of Ba-Si-Ti phases at the grain boundaries depends on calcining conditions. It is thought that the grain boundary phase plays an important role in causing semiconductivity in the samples, and therefore in controlling their electrical properties.
Disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and stimulation of DNA synthesis by fumonisin B1. A molecular mechanism for carcinogenesis associated with Fusarium moniliforme. (1994)

Consumption of grains contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme (Sheldon) causes liver cancer in rats and has been correlated with esophageal cancer in humans. The causative agents are believed to be a family of compounds known as fumonisins, which bear remarkable structural resemblances to sphingosine and sphinganine, the long-chain (sphingoid) base backbones of sphingolipids. Recently, fumonisin B1 has been shown to block de novo synthesis of sphingolipids by inhibiting sphingosine (sphinganine) N-acyltransferase, which leads to accumulation of sphingoid bases. Because the exogenous addition of sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate to Swiss 3T3 cells has been shown to stimulate DNA synthesis (Zhang, H., Buckley, N.E., Gibson, K., and Spiegel, S. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 76-81; Zhang, H., Desai, N.N., Olivera, A., Seki, T., Brooker, G., and Spiegel, S. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 114, 155-167), we hypothesized that fumonisins might stimulate DNA synthesis by disrupting sphingolipid metabolism. Fumonisin B1 caused accumulation of sphinganine and sphingosine in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts and, as occurred when these sphingoid bases were added exogenously, stimulated thymidine incorporation into DNA and augmented the mitogenic effect of insulin in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanism underlying the mitogenic effect of fumonisin B1 was further investigated by using beta-fluoroalanine to block the initial step of sphingolipid biosynthesis catalyzed by serine palmitoyltransferase. beta-Fluoroalanine reduced sphingoid base accumulation in fumonisin B1-treated fibroblasts and inhibited fumonisin B1-stimulated DNA synthesis, but had no effect on mitogenesis when added alone. Fumonisin B1 did not cause accumulation of sphinganine 1-phosphate; therefore, it appears that sphingoid bases per se can stimulate DNA synthesis. To prove that the 1-phosphate is not obligatory, a 1-deoxysphinganine was synthesized, and it was as potent as sphinganine in stimulating DNA synthesis. These results establish that fumonisin B1 is mitogenic via accumulation of sphingoid bases rather than inhibition of complex sphingolipid biosynthesis per se. Because mitogens can often affect cell transformation, this provides a plausible molecular mechanism to explain the carcinogenicity of fumonisins.