gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HgCdTe detectors and FPAs for remote sensing applications (1999)

Short wavelength, middle wavelength, mid-long wavelength, long wavelength, and very long wavelength focal plane arrays (FPAs) are required for remote sensing applications. Advances in the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) growth of Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) and detector architectures utilized, have resulted in high performance detectors being fabricated in the 1 micrometers to 16 micrometers spectral range Custom Read Out Integrated Circuits (ROICs) are designed and fabricated to interface the HgCdTe detector arrays. The hybrid focal pane array is made up of the HgCdTe detector array and the CMOS-based ROIC. Hybrid FPAs performance parameters are presented. The HgCdTe detector material is used are grown by MBE on lattice matched CdZnTe substrates. Custom ROICs are fabricated in a commercial CMOS foundry. FPA D* performance values have been obtained for a multitude of spectral ranges and configurations that include; (i) (lambda) <SUB>c</SUB> equals 1.8 micrometers , 12 X 256 arrays operating at 295 K with median D* approximately 1.4 X 10<SUP>12</SUP> cm Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP>/W, (ii) (lambda) <SUB>c</SUB> equals 10.5 micrometers , 256 X 256 arrays operating at 85 K with medina D* equals 3.9 X 10<SUP>11</SUP> cm Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP>/W at a background flux (phi) <SUB>b</SUB> equals 7.82 X 10<SUP>15</SUP> ph/cm<SUP>2</SUP>-2 and (iii) (lambda) <SUB>c</SUB> equals 15.8 micrometers at 65K, 128 X 128 array operating at 40K with peak D* of 2.76 X 10<SUP>11</SUP> cm Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP>/W at a background flux (phi) <SUB>b</SUB> equals 8.0 X 10<SUP>15</SUP> ph/cm<SUP>2</SUP>- s. The performance of these FPAs will be presented.
Abstract IA04: Opportunities for translational and discovery research: Next-Gen genomics (2018)

Abstract Recent advances in genomics now make it possible to consider enumerating all of the genetic lesions in specific cancers. These approaches will yield critical information regarding the identification, number, and types of alterations found in human tumors and are increasingly being applied prospectively to patient samples in the clinic. We have deployed an enterprise level cancer genotyping test, PROFILE, for all cancer patients at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. This initial approach has already provided insight into how to integrate such efforts into clinical care. New technologies now also allow the interrogation of tumors from circulating nucleic acids. At the same time, complementary efforts to identify new targets and therapeutics are being used to increase the repertoire of agents to operationalize precision cancer medicine. Citation Format: William C. Hahn. Opportunities for translational and discovery research: Next-Gen genomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference held in cooperation with the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) on Translational Cancer Medicine; May 4-6, 2017; São Paulo, Brazil. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(1_Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
A requirement for FcγR in antibody-mediated bacterial toxin neutralization (2010)

One important function of humoral immunity is toxin neutralization. The current view posits that neutralization results from antibody-mediated interference with the binding of toxins to their targets, a phenomenon viewed as dependent only on antibody specificity. To investigate the role of antibody constant region function in toxin neutralization, we generated IgG2a and IgG2b variants of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen-binding IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 19D9. These antibodies express identical variable regions and display the same specificity. The efficacy of antibody-mediated neutralization was IgG2a > IgG2b > IgG1, and neutralization activity required competent Fcγ receptor (FcγR). The IgG2a mAb prevented lethal toxin cell killing and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase cleavage more efficiently than the IgG1 mAb. Passive immunization with IgG1 and IgG2a mAb protected wild-type mice, but not FcγR-deficient mice, against B. anthracis infection. These results establish that constant region isotype influences toxin neutralization efficacy of certain antibodies through a mechanism that requires engagement of FcγR. These findings highlight a new parameter for evaluating vaccine responses and the possibility of harnessing optimal FcγR interactions in the design of passive immunization strategies.
A New Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Butane and Propane (2002)

Das Geheimnis des Erfolgs ist die Anwesenheit eines Amins, hier Pyridin: Ein Niob/Pyridiniumsalz von Molybdo(vanado)phosphorsäure (siehe Formel) ergibt einen besonders produktiven Katalysator, der bei der Umsetzung von Propan zu Acrylsäure und von n-Butan zu Maleinsäure ausgezeichnete Ausbeuten gewährleistet. Er ist sowohl unter Kohlenwasserstoffreichen als auch -armen Reaktionsbedingungen aktiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of α‐Dehydroamino Acids by Rhodium Complexes with New Unsymmetric P—Chirogenic Bisphosphine Ligands. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A statistical modeling approach for spatio-temporal degradation data (2018)

This article investigates the modeling of a new type of degradation data: spatio-temporal degradation data collected from a spatial domain over time. Like existing stochastic degradation models, a random field is constructed to describe the spatio-temporal degradation process. We model the degradation process as an additive superposition of two stochastic components: a dynamic spatial degradation generation process and a spatio-temporal propagation process. Some common challenges are addressed, including the spatial heterogeneity of the degradation process, spatial propagation of degradation to neighboring areas, anisotropic and space-time non-separable covariance structures associated with a complex spatio-temporal degradation process, and the computational issues related to parameter estimation and simulation. When spatial dependence is ignored, we show that the proposed spatio-temporal degradation model incorporates some existing purely time-dependent degradation models as its special cases. We also show the connection, under special conditions, between the proposed statistical model and a class of physical-degradation processes given by stochastic partial differential equations. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate modeling approach, parameter estimation, model validation, and applications.
A System for Laparoscopic Surgery Ergonomics and Skills Evaluation (2011)

This article presents a system for tracking, recording, and analysis of instrument and surgeon's arm motion in minimally invasive surgeries. The captured trajectories can be objectively analyzed for both ergonomic assessment and skills evaluation. The system consists of two special infrared (IR) markers that are used for 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) laparoscopic instrument tracking and a set of 3DOF IR markers attached to elbows and shoulders. A compact IR camera tracks and records the markers during a standardized training task (eg, suturing). The instrument markers were purposely designed to provide good tracking while minimizing their volume. The accuracy of the instrument markers was evaluated showing a root mean square error of 0.61 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.4 mm at distances from the camera of 0.5 m, 0.68 m, and 1 m respectively. Furthermore, some sample trajectories were recorded during an in-trainer suturing task. The Results section presents the values of basic skills metrics computed from the acquired data.
Supplementary Table 1 from Targeting eIF4A-Dependent Translation of KRAS Signaling Molecules (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1&lt;/p&gt;
In Situ characterization of the proton enhanced conductivity of 20nm TiO2 thin-films obtained on the surface of optical fiber (2020)

We report in situ characterized TiO2 thin-films deposited on optical fiber, having thicknesses in the 20-100nm range, and having enhanced conductivity values of 700S/cm upon interacting with hydrogen. This conductivity was achieved in pure hydrogen at 800-900C, having a measured activation energy of 0.26eV of the hopping type. Given the variability in the observed results, it is postulated that the highest conductivity achievable may be much greater than what is currently demonstrated. The conductivity is retained after cooling to ambient temperatures as confirmed by Hall measurements, and subsequent grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction and TEM measurements show the films to be in the rutile phase. The exceptional conductivity in these films is hypothesized to result from direct proton incorporation into the lattice populating the conduction band with excess electrons, or from altering the Titania lattice to form conductive Magneli phases. The films did not display any evidence of transformations, however formation of Magneli phases was confirmed for powders. These interesting results, observed by examining 20nm films on the surface of optical fiber in combination with the first impedance spectroscopy performed on films on optical fiber in high temperature Fuel Cell type environments, confirm hypotheses arrived at in prior publications where thin-films of Titania had optical properties which could only be explained by the current claim. Titania thin-films on optical-fiber are being explored for high temperature hydrogen derived energy generation, thermo-photonic energy conversion, and associated sensors due to their unique interactions with hydrogen.
Implantable photonic neural probes for light-sheet fluorescence brain imaging (2021)

<b>Significance:</b> Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a powerful technique for high-speed volumetric functional imaging. However, in typical light-sheet microscopes, the illumination and collection optics impose significant constraints upon the imaging of non-transparent brain tissues. We demonstrate that these constraints can be surmounted using a new class of implantable photonic neural probes. <b>Aim:</b> Mass manufacturable, silicon-based light-sheet photonic neural probes can generate planar patterned illumination at arbitrary depths in brain tissues without any additional micro-optic components. <b>Approach:</b> We develop implantable photonic neural probes that generate light sheets in tissue. The probes were fabricated in a photonics foundry on 200-mm-diameter silicon wafers. The light sheets were characterized in fluorescein and in free space. The probe-enabled imaging approach was tested in fixed, <i>in vitro</i>, and <i>in vivo</i> mouse brain tissues. Imaging tests were also performed using fluorescent beads suspended in agarose. <b>Results:</b> The probes had 5 to 10 addressable sheets and average sheet thicknesses <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>16</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> for propagation distances up to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>300</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> in free space. Imaging areas were as large as <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>240</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mn>490</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> in brain tissue. Image contrast was enhanced relative to epifluorescence microscopy. <b>Conclusions:</b> The neural probes can lead to new variants of LSFM for deep brain imaging and experiments in freely moving animals.
Reliability Study of DEPP Functionally Graded Piezoceramic Actuators (2006)

Peer Reviewed
Selective Ru ALD as a Catalyst for Sub-Seven-Nanometer Bottom-Up Metal Interconnects (2017)

Integrating bottom-up area-selective building-blocks in microelectronics has a disruptive potential because of the unique capability of engineering new structures and architectures. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is an enabling technology, yet understanding the surfaces and their modification is crucial to leverage area-selective ALD (AS-ALD) in this field. The understanding of general selectivity mechanisms and the compatibility of plasma surface modifications with existing materials and processes, both at research and production scale, will greatly facilitate AS-ALD integration in microelectronics. The use of self-assembled monolayers to inhibit the nucleation and growth of ALD films is still scarcely compatible with nanofabrication because of defectivity and downscaling limitations. Alternatively, in this Research Article, we demonstrate a straightforward H<sub>2</sub> plasma surface modification process capable of inhibiting Ru ALD nucleation on an amorphous carbon surface while still allowing instantaneous nucleation and linear growth on Si-containing materials. Furthermore, we demonstrate how AS-ALD enables previously inaccessible routes, such as bottom-up electroless metal deposition in a dual damascene etch-damage free low-k replacement scheme. Specifically, our approach offers a general strategy for scalable ultrafine 3D nanostructures without the burden of subtractive metal patterning and high cost chemical mechanical planarization processes.
Advanced Child Occupant Detection System: Detection of Human Vital Signs by Seat-Embedded Ferroelectric Film Sensors and by Vibration Analysis (2011)

The concepts of human seat occupancy detection and driver’s drowsiness monitoring require a sophisticated, sensing technology capable of capturing human vital signs in a reliable manner. The concept discussed in this paper may help enable the development of future systems capable of detecting an occupant in a seat. The present study explores the feasibility of detecting humans based on a polymer sensor fitted into the seat cushion and capable of capturing human vital signs. A bulk, polypropylene ferroelectric film has been charged and polarized in a strong external electric field prior to the sensor assembly. The resulting 323 sq cm sensors displayed a high piezoelectric d33 coefficient of approximately 200 pC/N, considerably higher than vibration sensors made of PVDF or PVDF-TR piezoelectric films. This type of electro-responsive polymer has been used for medical respiration, heartbeat and epileptic seizure monitors. The authors employed dedicated, microprocessor-based electronics including charge and variable gain amplifiers and 4th-order anti-aliasing filter for data collection. Three different types of algorithms have been fitted or developed and tested: i) a commercial medical monitor with estimation of respiratory and heart beat rates, ii) a signal extraction, filtering and matching wavelet-based algorithm for vital sign detection and (iii) a frequency domain, 2nd-order classifier for humans/objects, using knowledge-based discrimination. Experimental data involved a minimum of 20 human subjects ranging from a 5-month old infant in a child restraint to a 95th percentile male, both in fully static (sleeping like) and non-static scenarios. Recordings using test loads and a pack of water bottles were also collected as the counterpart to the passengers. Human-specific presence detection and discrimination from objects by detection of vital signs was achieved within a relatively short detection time in this conceptual study. Infants and small children were placed in dedicated child restraint seats (CRS) and not moved during the data collection, thus simulating sleeping children. All subjects were detected typically within a 20 seconds sampling interval. In a few cases and with additional time, their respective signals could be extracted from collected data as confirmed by a medical monitor used in parallel.
Progressive Metabolic Abnormalities Associated with the Development of Neonatal Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (2022)

Objective: To assess the longitudinal metabolic patterns during the evolution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development. Methods: A case-control dataset of preterm infants (<32-week gestation) was obtained from a multicenter database, including 355 BPD cases and 395 controls. A total of 72 amino acid (AA) and acylcarnitine (AC) variables, along with infants’ calorie intake and growth outcomes, were measured on day of life 1, 7, 28, and 42. Logistic regression, clustering methods, and random forest statistical modeling were utilized to identify metabolic variables significantly associated with BPD development and to investigate their longitudinal patterns that are associated with BPD development. Results: A panel of 27 metabolic variables were observed to be longitudinally associated with BPD development. The involved metabolites increased from 1 predominant different AC by day 7 to 19 associated AA and AC compounds by day 28 and 16 metabolic features by day 42. Citrulline, alanine, glutamate, tyrosine, propionylcarnitine, free carnitine, acetylcarnitine, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, and most median-chain ACs (C5:C10) were the most associated metabolites down-regulated in BPD babies over the early days of life, whereas phenylalanine, methionine, and hydroxypalmitoylcarnitine were observed to be up-regulated in BPD babies. Most calorie intake and growth outcomes revealed similar longitudinal patterns between BPD cases and controls over the first 6 weeks of life, after gestational adjustment. When combining with birth weight, the derived metabolic-based discriminative model observed some differences between those with and without BPD development, with c-statistics of 0.869 and 0.841 at day 7 and 28 of life on the test data. Conclusions: The metabolic panel we describe identified some metabolic differences in the blood associated with BPD pathogenesis. Further work is needed to determine whether these compounds could facilitate the monitoring and/or investigation of early-life metabolic status in the lung and other tissues for the prevention and management of BPD.
402. Intracellular Trafficking of QD-FRET Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery (2006)

Development of a safe and effective nonviral gene vector remains a significant challenge in the field of gene therapy. Rational design of more efficient gene carriers will be possible only with mechanistic insights of the rate-limiting steps in the nonviral gene transfer process. In order to examine the intracellular transport of DNA nanoparticles and their dissociated individual components, we have labeled nanoparticles with quantum dots (QD) and fluorescent organic dyes as a donor and acceptor pair for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). QDs have emerged as efficient FRET donors due to their broad absorption and narrow emission spectra, and high quantum yield, thus minimizing cross-talk between the donor and acceptor. Chitosan and plasmid DNA (pEGFP-C1) were individually labeled with a fluorescent organic dye and CdSe-ZnS quantum dots, respectively. Nanoparticles were subsequently formed by complex coacervation. Development of a safe and effective nonviral gene vector remains a significant challenge in the field of gene therapy. Rational design of more efficient gene carriers will be possible only with mechanistic insights of the rate-limiting steps in the nonviral gene transfer process. In order to examine the intracellular transport of DNA nanoparticles and their dissociated individual components, we have labeled nanoparticles with quantum dots (QD) and fluorescent organic dyes as a donor and acceptor pair for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). QDs have emerged as efficient FRET donors due to their broad absorption and narrow emission spectra, and high quantum yield, thus minimizing cross-talk between the donor and acceptor. Chitosan and plasmid DNA (pEGFP-C1) were individually labeled with a fluorescent organic dye and CdSe-ZnS quantum dots, respectively. Nanoparticles were subsequently formed by complex coacervation.
Enhanced Channel Estimation in Massive MIMO via Coordinated Pilot Design (2020)

Pilot contamination is a limiting factor in multicell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems because it can severely impair channel estimation. Prior works have suggested coordinating pilot design across cells in order to reduce the channel estimation error caused by pilot contamination. In this paper, we propose a method for coordinated pilot design using fractional programming to minimize the weighted mean squared-error (MSE) in channel estimation. In particular, we apply the recently proposed quadratic transform to the MSE expression which allows the effect of pilot contamination to be decoupled. The resulting problem reformulation enables the pilots to be optimized in closed form if they can be designed arbitrarily. When the pilots are restricted to a given set of orthogonal sequences, pilot optimization reduces to an assignment problem which can be solved by weighted bipartite matching. Furthermore, we consider the max-min fairness of data rates with orthogonal pilots and obtain an extension of the proposed method to correlated Rayleigh fading. Finally, simulations demonstrate the advantage of the proposed (orthogonal and nonorthogonal) pilot designs as compared with state-of-the-art methods in combating pilot contamination.
Lateral mobility of individual integrin nanoclusters orchestrates the onset for leukocyte adhesion (2012)

Integrins are cell membrane adhesion receptors involved in morphogenesis, immunity, tissue healing, and metastasis. A central, yet unresolved question regarding the function of integrins is how these receptors regulate both their conformation and dynamic nanoscale organization on the membrane to generate adhesion-competent microclusters upon ligand binding. Here we exploit the high spatial (nanometer) accuracy and temporal resolution of single-dye tracking to dissect the relationship between conformational state, lateral mobility, and microclustering of the integrin receptor lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) expressed on immune cells. We recently showed that in quiescent monocytes, LFA-1 preorganizes in nanoclusters proximal to nanoscale raft components. We now show that these nanoclusters are primarily mobile on the cell surface with a small (ca. 5%) subset of conformational-active LFA-1 nanoclusters preanchored to the cytoskeleton. Lateral mobility resulted crucial for the formation of microclusters upon ligand binding and for stable adhesion under shear flow. Activation of high-affinity LFA-1 by extracellular Ca(2+) resulted in an eightfold increase on the percentage of immobile nanoclusters and cytoskeleton anchorage. Although having the ability to bind to their ligands, these active nanoclusters failed to support firm adhesion in static and low shear-flow conditions because mobility and clustering capacity were highly compromised. Altogether, our work demonstrates an intricate coupling between conformation and lateral diffusion of LFA-1 and further underscores the crucial role of mobility for the onset of LFA-1 mediated leukocyte adhesion.
Where is Shear Reinforcement Required? Review of Research Results and Design Procedures (2008)

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