gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection against focal cerebral ischemia following exposure to a pulsed electromagnetic field (1994)

There is evidence that electromagnetic stimulation may accelerate the healing of tissue damage following ischemia. We undertook this study to investigate the effects of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure on cerebral injury in a rabbit model of transient focal ischemia (2 h occlusion followed by 4 h of reperfusion). PEMF exposure (280 V, 75 Hz, IGEA Stimulator) was initiated 10 min after the onset of ischemia and continued throughout reperfusion (six exposed, six controls). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology were used to measure the degree of ischemic injury. Exposure to pulsed electromagnetic field attenuated cortical ischemia edema on MRI at the most anterior coronal level by 65% (P < 0.001). On histologic examination, PEMF exposure reduced ischemic neuronal damage in this same cortical area by 69% (P < 0.01) and by 43% (P < 0.05) in the striatum. Preliminary data suggest that exposure to a PEMF of short duration may have implications for the treatment of acute stroke.
TinyMLOps: Operational Challenges for Widespread Edge AI Adoption (2022)

Deploying machine learning applications on edge devices can bring clear benefits such as improved reliability, latency and privacy but it also introduces its own set of challenges. Most works focus on the limited computational resources of edge platforms but this is not the only bottleneck standing in the way of widespread adoption. In this paper we list several other challenges that a Tiny ML practitioner might need to consider when operationalizing an application on edge devices. We focus on tasks such as monitoring and managing the application, common functionality for a MLOps platform, and show how they are complicated by the distributed nature of edge deployment. We also discuss issues that are unique to edge applications such as protecting a model's intellectual property and verifying its integrity.
The thermo-mechanical degradation of ethylene vinyl acetate used as a solar panel adhesive and encapsulant (2016)

The thermal ageing of an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer used as an adhesive and encapsulant in a photovoltaic module has been investigated. The EVA is used to bond the silicon solar cells to the front glass and backing sheet and to protect the photovoltaic materials from the environment and mechanical damage. Using a range of experimental techniques, including Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermo-gravimetric Analysis, it was possible to show a link between changes in mechanical properties with both the transient temperature and the degree of long-time thermal ageing. Importantly, it was possible to show that the ageing related property changes were likely due to long term structural changes rather than any modification of the chemistry of the material.
AMINOXY ANALOGS OF LEU‐ENKEPHALIN (1981)

Seven analogs of Leu‐enkephalin where an aminoacid is replaced by an aminoxy‐acid (aminoxy‐acetic, or L‐ or D‐aminoxy‐phenylpropionic or 2‐aminoxy‐4‐methylvaleric) have been synthesized. Only analogs bearing the α‐aminoxy‐acid at position 5 have biological activity in vitro.
A Low Power, Microvalve-Regulated Drug Delivery System using a SI Micro-Spring Pressurized Balloon Reservoir (2007)

This paper reports on a drug delivery system that provides modulated delivery of liquid-phase chemicals. The device uses silicon torsion springs on a 2×3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip to pressurize a soft polymeric reservoir and regulate flow with a piezoelectricaly actuated silicon microvalve that is 1.5×1.5×1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Using the finished device, regulated diffusion of a fluorescent dye into agar gel was demonstrated. Fluid flow out of the 500 μL reservoir could be regulated from 10-500 μL/min with up to 80 kPa of delivery pressure. Typical regulation consumes 0.136 μW of power. Analysis of the valve, reservoir springs, and a model based on pressure-enhanced diffusion are presented and are validated by experimental data.
The Ramberg-Bäcklund Way to C-Glycosides (2005)

The invention of a four-step convergent process for the synthesis of C-glycosides is described. A carbonhydrate and an aglycone, first linked by sulfur, then undergo the title reaction to forge a C-C double bond between the sugar and the aglycone. The key double bond is converted to a single bond. Tables of products are presented; additionally, examples of failed conversions are given.
Psychoacoustic analysis of contra-rotating propeller noise for unmanned aerial vehicles (2021)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies are rapidly advancing due to the unlimited number of applications from parcel delivery to people transportation. As the UAV market expands, community noise impact will become a significant problem for public acceptance. Compact drone architectures based on contra-rotating propellers bring significant benefits in terms of aerodynamic performance and redundancy to ensure vehicle control in case of component failure. However, contra-rotating propellers are severely noisy if not designed appropriately. In the framework of a perception-influenced design approach, this paper investigates the optimal rotor spacing distance configuration to minimise noise annoyance. On the basis of a series of psychoacoustic metrics (i.e., loudness, fluctuation strength, roughness, sharpness, and tonality) and psychoacoustic annoyance (PA) models, the optimal rotor axial separation distance (expressed as a function of propeller blade diameter) is at a range from 0.2 to 0.4. This paper also discusses the performance of currently available psychoacoustic models to predict propeller noise annoyance and defines further work to develop a PA model optimised for rotating systems.
Toward real-time quantification of fluorescence molecular probes using target/background ratio for guiding biopsy and endoscopic therapy of esophageal neoplasia (2017)

Multimodal endoscopy using fluorescence molecular probes is a promising method of surveying the entire esophagus to detect cancer progression. Using the fluorescence ratio of a target compared to a surrounding background, a quantitative value is diagnostic for progression from Barrett's esophagus to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, current quantification of fluorescent images is done only after the endoscopic procedure. We developed a Chan-Vese-based algorithm to segment fluorescence targets, and subsequent morphological operations to generate background, thus calculating target/background (T/B) ratios, potentially to provide real-time guidance for biopsy and endoscopic therapy. With an initial processing speed of 2 fps and by calculating the T/B ratio for each frame, our method provides quasireal-time quantification of the molecular probe labeling to the endoscopist. Furthermore, an automatic computer-aided diagnosis algorithm can be applied to the recorded endoscopic video, and the overall T/B ratio is calculated for each patient. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to determine the threshold for classification of HGD/EAC using leave-one-out cross-validation. With 92% sensitivity and 75% specificity to classify HGD/EAC, our automatic algorithm shows promising results for a surveillance procedure to help manage esophageal cancer and other cancers inspected by endoscopy.
The relationship between N-terminal prosomatostatin, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ZODIAC-35) (2015)

NT-proSST is unsuitable as a biomarker for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in stable outpatients with T2DM.
Characterizing Bulk Thermal Conductivity and Interface Contact Resistance Effects of Thermal Interface Materials in Electronic Cooling Applications (2003)

Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) are used as thermally conducting media to carry away the heat dissipated by an energy source (e.g. active circuitry on a silicon die). Thermal properties of these interface materials, specified on vendor datasheets, are obtained under conditions that rarely, if at all, represent real life environment. As such, they do not accurately portray the material thermal performance during a field operation. Furthermore, a thermal engineer has no a priori knowledge of how large, in addition to the bulk thermal resistance, the interface contact resistances are, and, hence, how much each influences the cooling strategy. In view of these issues, there exists a need for these materials/interfaces to be characterized experimentally through a series of controlled tests before starting on a thermal design. In this study we present one such characterization for a candidate thermal interface material used in an electronic cooling application. In a controlled test environment, package junction-to-case, Rjc, resistance measurements were obtained for various bondline thicknesses (BLTs) of an interface material over a range of die sizes. These measurements were then curve-fitted to obtain numerical models for the measured thermal resistance for a given die size. Based on the BLT and the associated thermal resistance, the bulk thermal conductivity of the TIM and the interface contact resistance were determined, using the approach described in the paper. The results of this study permit sensitivity analyses of BLT and its effect on thermal performance for future applications, and provide the ability to extrapolate the results obtained for the given die size to a different die size. The suggested methodology presents a readily adaptable approach for the characterization of TIMs and interface/contact resistances in the industry.
Extreme Toughening of Soft Materials with Liquid Metal (2018)

Soft and tough materials are critical for engineering applications in medical devices, stretchable and wearable electronics, and soft robotics. Toughness in synthetic materials is mostly accomplished by increasing energy dissipation near the crack tip with various energy dissipation techniques. However, bio-materials exhibit extreme toughness by combining multi-scale energy dissipation with the ability to deflect and blunt an advancing crack tip. Here, we demonstrate a synthetic materials architecture that also exhibits multi-modal toughening, whereby embedding a suspension of micron sized and highly deformable liquid metal (LM) droplets inside a soft elastomer, the fracture energy dramatically increases by up to 50x (from 250 ± 50 J m<sup>-2</sup> to 11,900 ± 2600 J m<sup>-2</sup> ) over an unfilled polymer. For some LM-embedded elastomer (LMEE) compositions, the toughness is measured to be 33,500 ± 4300 J m<sup>-2</sup> , which far exceeds the highest value previously reported for a soft elastic material. This extreme toughening is achieved by (i) increasing energy dissipation, (ii) adaptive crack movement, and (iii) effective elimination of the crack tip. Such properties arise from the deformability of the LM inclusions during loading, providing a new mechanism to not only prevent crack initiation, but also resist the propagation of existing tears for ultra tough, soft materials.
Semi-automated wrapping of defenses (SAWD) for cyber command and control (2016)

In this paper we introduce SAWD, a semi-automated approach for wrapping dynamic and moving target cyber defenses for cyber command and control operations. SAWD provides an interactive user interface that enables the intuitive description (either explicitly or by example) of the requirements, pre-conditions, and steps for defense installation, configuration, and operation in multiple operational environments. The defense wrapping produces a semantic representation of the defense, as well as the code necessary to manage the defense, which enables its seamless on demand deployment and control across multiple operating systems. SAWD is a collaborative effort between Florida Institute of Technology, Raytheon BBN Technologies, and Air Force Research Laboratory.
Intervention of CD4+ cell subset shifts and autoimmunity in the BXSB mouse by murine CTLA4Ig (1996)

In the BXSB autoimmune disease-prone mouse strain, male mice develop severe lupus-like symptoms and die early in life (4-6 mo), whereas females do not. We have previously demonstrated that profound phenotypic and functional changes occur with age in CD4+ cells from BXSB males. CD4+ cells from males (4 mo old) were predominantly CD44high, CD45RBlow, and MEL-14low (activated/memory phenotypes), while the reciprocal phenotypes characteristic of naive cells were prevalent in age-matched females and young adult males (2 mo old). CD4+ cells from older males proliferated less and produced less IL-2 and IFN-gamma than cells from either females or young males in response to immobilized anti-CD3 mAb. We tested the effect of CTLA4Ig treatment on the progression of disease in BXSB males. CD4+ cells from CTLA4Ig-treated mice at 4 mo of age were predominantly CD44low, CD45RBhigh, and MEL-14high phenotypes that were identical with those observed in CD4+ cells from young (3-mo-old) females. In contrast, control male mice treated with IgG2a accumulated the CD4+ memory phenotype. CD4+ cells from 4-mo-old male CTLA4Ig-treated mice proliferated and produced IL-2 at levels similar to those of cells from females in response to immobilized anti-CD3 mAb. Furthermore, in contrast to IgG2a-treated mice, female and CTLA4Ig-treated male mice at 4 mo of age produced no anti-chromatin Abs. Three of four male mice injected with CTLA4Ig until 6 mo of age appeared healthy at 8 mo of age, whereas all five of IgG2a-treated control males died by 6 mo of age. These 8-mo-old CTLA4Ig-treated males showed variable resistance to autoimmunity as well as function and phenotype marker expression, and a less striking glomerulonephritis than 4-mo-old untreated males. The results of this study demonstrate that the rampant T cell activation and T cell dysfunction that occur in male BXSB mice by 4 mo of age are abrogated by blocking the CTLA4-dependent costimulatory signal(s). They also show that treatment with CTLA4Ig can suppress the pathogenesis of disease and increase longevity.
Fabrication of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Core-TiO<sub>2</sub>/mesoSiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Core-mesoSiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Double Shell Nanoparticles for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Kinetic, Isotherms and Thermodynamic Characterization (2023)

Water pollution with dyes is a critical environmental issue because off the huge amount of dyes disbarred annually which cause severe damage for the ecosystem and human life. On the other hand, the core-shell based magnetic materials have showed amazing character for controlling the material synthesis with targeted structure to enhance the adsorptive-removal of pollutants. Herein, Fe3O4 core-TiO2/mesoSiO2 and Fe3O4 core-mesoSiO2/TiO2 double shell nanoparticles were prepared by first (R1) and second (R2) routes. The preparation procedure is controlled to prepare the magnetic core with further coating layers from silica and titania for the uptake of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The reported adsorption capacities for R1-0.2, R1-0.4 and R2 samples were 46, 38 and 50 mg/g respectively at pH 6 after 80 min contact time form 50 ppm methylene blue solution. The adsorption process of methylene blue onto Fe3O4core-meso SiO2/TiO2 double shell was well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlish isotherm which suggested the quick and multilayer adsorption mechanism. In addition, results of thermodynamic investigation indicated that the surfaces of Fe3O4 core-mesoSiO2/TiO2 and Fe3O4 core-TiO2/mesoSiO2 double shell exhibit spontaneous tendency to adsorb methylene blue from the aqueous solutions. These results will encourage the further application of Fe3O4 core-meso SiO2/TiO2 and Fe3O4 core-TiO2/meso SiO2 double shell for removal of other dyes and pollutants from wastewater.
A New Optimization Scheme for Resource Allocation in OFDMA Based WiMAX Systems (2009)

In this paper, an efficient scheme to optimize resource allocation for dynamic OFDMA based WiMAX systems is presented, which provides priority estimated resource allocation with individual QoS provisioning. Our proposed scheme dynamically assigns OFDMA resources to the users to optimize the overall system performance in heterogeneous traffic and diverse QoS based WiMAX systems. To achieve this goal, we have introduced priority indexed long-term (PILTPF) resource allocation algorithm, which dynamically allocates the OFDMA resources to the users to meet their QoS requirement, which is dependent on userpsilas derived priority profile. It also considers the time diversity gain achieved in long-term computation of proportional fair (PF) metric. PILTPF algorithm emphasizes on individual userpsilas true priority in allocating system resources in order to maintain as well as optimize the requirements of different QoS classes, existing in the current and next generation broadband wireless networks like WiMAX. Simulation results show considerable improvement of performance due to priority based resource allocation with long term PF calculation with respect to traditional PF algorithm.
Spontaneous emission and collection efficiency enhancement of single emitters in diamond via plasmonic cavities and gratings (2013)

We demonstrate an approach, based on plasmonic apertures and gratings, to enhance the radiative decay rate of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond while simultaneously improving their collection efficiency. Our structures are based on metallic resonators formed by surrounding sub-wavelength diamond nanoposts with a silver film, which can enhance the spontaneous emission rate of an embedded NV center. However, the collection efficiency of emitted photons remains low due to losses to surface plasmons and reflections at the diamond-air interface. In this work, we mitigate photon losses into these channels by incorporating grating structures into the plasmonic cavity system.
Fourier-based analysis of phase shifts in the superposition of periodic layers and their moiré effects (1996)

A Fourier-based approach is presented for the investigation of multilayer superpositions of periodic structures and their moiré effects. This approach fully explains the properties of the superposition of periodic layers and of their moiré effects, both in the spectral domain and in the image domain. We concentrate on showing how this approach provides also a full explanation of the various phenomena that occur because of phase shifts in one or more of the superposed layers. We show how such phase shifts influence the superposition as a whole and, in particular, how they affect each moiré in the superposition individually: We show that each moiré in the superposition undergoes a different shift, in its own main direction, whose size depends both on the moiré parameters and on the shifts of the individual layers. However, phase shifts in the individual layers do not necessarily lead to a solid shift of the whole superposition, and they may rather cause modifications in its microstructure. We demonstrate our results by several illustrative figures.
Identification of Genomic Regions Associated with Agronomic and Disease Resistance Traits in a Large Set of Multiple DH Populations (2022)

Breeding maize lines with the improved level of desired agronomic traits under optimum and drought conditions as well as increased levels of resistance to several diseases such as maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is one of the most sustainable approaches for the sub-Saharan African region. In this study, 879 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from 26 biparental populations were evaluated under artificial inoculation of MLN, as well as under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions for grain yield and other agronomic traits. All DH lines were used for analyses of genotypic variability, association studies, and genomic predictions for the grain yield and other yield-related traits. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a mixed linear FarmCPU model identified SNPs associated with the studied traits i.e., about seven and eight SNPs for the grain yield; 16 and 12 for anthesis date; seven and eight for anthesis silking interval; 14 and 5 for both ear and plant height; and 15 and 5 for moisture under both WW and WS environments, respectively. Similarly, about 13 and 11 SNPs associated with gray leaf spot and turcicum leaf blight were identified. Eleven SNPs associated with senescence under WS management that had depicted drought-stress-tolerant QTLs were identified. Under MLN artificial inoculation, a total of 12 and 10 SNPs associated with MLN disease severity and AUDPC traits, respectively, were identified. Genomic prediction under WW, WS, and MLN disease artificial inoculation revealed moderate-to-high prediction accuracy. The findings of this study provide useful information on understanding the genetic basis for the MLN resistance, grain yield, and other agronomic traits under MLN artificial inoculation, WW, and WS conditions. Therefore, the obtained information can be used for further validation and developing functional molecular markers for marker-assisted selection and for implementing genomic prediction to develop superior elite lines.
Acquired C3 deficiency in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis predisposes to infection and increased mortality. (1997)

Low serum C3 concentrations and decreased haemolytic complement function predisposes to infection and increased mortality in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
Head Mounted Displays for Medical Use (2008)

Head Mounted Displays have been used in various forms to assist surgeons and other medical personnel to support and improve visualization of the work site. Historically, many of these were of inadequate resolution, bulky, cave-like and heavy and they, deservedly, received limited acceptance. Recent availability of high-resolution displays, lighter structures and the various see-though designs that merge both real world and registered synthetic imagery have significantly increased the benefits of these devices for the medical community.
ChemInform Abstract: Boric Acid‐Catalyzed Direct Condensation of Carboxylic Acids with Benzene‐1,2‐diamine into Benzimidazoles. (2012)

Abstract Direct cyclocondensation of o‐phenylenediamine (I) with a variety of carboxylic acids is readily achieved using catalytic amounts of boric acid in refluxing toluene under Dean‐Stark conditions.
Spectral efficiency limits of pre-filtered modulation formats (2010)

We investigate the spectral efficiency (SE) limit of pre-filtered modulation in optical fiber communication systems. We show that pre-filtering induced symbol correlation generates a modulation with memory and, thus, a higher SE limit than that of the original memoryless modulation. The SE limits of a series of modulation formats with varying number L of correlated symbols producing 50% of the original bandwidth are evaluated, which approach the SE limit of a modulation format with 50% pre-filtering as L --> ∞. We show that the SE limit of a modulation format with L correlated symbols approximates a lower bound for the SE limit of the corresponding pre-filtered format.
Unraveling the Supramolecular Organization Mechanism of Chiral Star-Shaped Poly(3-alkylthiophene) (2020)

The supramolecular organization of star-shaped polythiophenes was investigated in a solvent/nonsolvent system and upon cooling. Both systems yield entirely different supramolecular aggregates. Classical characterization techniques can give some insight; the exact mechanism is currently not understood. By introducing second- and third-harmonic light scattering and its combination with other optical techniques, we were able to fully investigate the evolution of the supramolecular organization in both regimes. This approach allowed an unprecedented insight into the different stages of the process. A markedly different assembly mechanism is proposed for both regimes, which results in a different supramolecular organization of the polymer.