gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can continuous glucose monitoring identify risk factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetes? A literature review (2014)

Self-monitoring of blood glucose has been used for many years to control glucose levels in diabetic patients. This method is a quick and easy way for taking pre/postprandial and pre-sleep glucose measurements and it is very simple for most of the patients. However, it does not allow collecting detailed information about excursions of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia since most of the samples are widely spaced in time, which leads to lose important information for the treatment of diabetes. Nowadays, Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) is used to solve such problem. CGMS devices take blood glucose samples continuously (normally every 5 minutes) from patients having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. This paper presents a literature review exploring the current CGMS applications and the role of this signal in the identification of risk factor for diabetic patients.
Towards Automated Positioning of Ultrasonic Probes (2019)

This paper focuses on techniques to acquire good-quality ultrasound images that can be analyzed to provide an appropriate therapeutic regimen. We consider the problem of image-guided neuromodulation of the vagus nerve (VN). A robust template-matching method locates the VN from B-mode ultrasound images, with the nearby carotid artery (CA) being used as a biomarker. This information is used to correctly orient and position the probe.
Dynamic and Label‐Free Cell‐Based Assays Using the xCELLigence System (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The xCELLigence System Principle of Detection Applications Functional Assays for G-Protein Coupled Receptors Conclusion References
Pharmaceutical Induction of PGC‐1α Promotes Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Metabolism and Protects against Oxidative Damage (2018)

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage is a key event in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we examine the therapeutic potential of ZLN005, a selective PGC-1<i>α</i> transcriptional regulator, in protecting RPE from cytotoxic oxidative damage. Gene expression analysis on ARPE-19 cells treated with ZLN005 shows robust upregulation of PGC-1<i>α</i> and its associated transcription factors, antioxidant enzymes, and mitochondrial genes. Energetic profiling shows that ZLN005 treatment enhances RPE mitochondrial function by increasing basal and maximal respiration rates, and spare respiratory capacity. In addition, ZLN005 robustly protects ARPE-19 cells from cell death caused by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, ox-LDL, and NaIO<sub>3</sub> without exhibiting any cytotoxicity under basal conditions. ZLN005 protection against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated cell death was lost in PGC-1<i>α</i>-silenced cells. Our data indicates that ZLN005 efficiently protects RPE cells from oxidative damage through selective induction of PGC-1<i>α</i> and its target antioxidant enzymes. ZLN005 may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for retinal diseases associated with RPE dystrophies.
Low driving voltage simplified tandem organic light-emitting devices by using exciplex-forming hosts (2014)

Tandem organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), i.e., OLEDs containing multiple electroluminescence (EL) units that are vertically stacked, are attracting significant interest because of their ability to realize high current efficiency and long operational lifetime. However, stacking multiple EL units in tandem OLEDs increases driving voltage and complicates fabrication process relative to their standard single unit counterparts. In this paper, we demonstrate low driving voltage tandem OLEDs via utilizing exciplex-forming hosts in the EL units instead of conventional host materials. The use of exciplex-forming hosts reduces the charge injection barriers and the trapping of charges on guest molecules, resulting in the lower driving voltage. The use of exciplex-forming hosts also allows using fewer layers, hence simpler EL configuration which is beneficial for reducing the fabrication complexity of tandem OLEDs.
27 THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR 4-IODO-SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID IMPROVES TOTAL CELL NUMBER IN PIG NUCLEAR TRANSFER BLASTOCYSTS (2011)

Treatment of reconstructed pig clones with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Scriptaid immediately after nuclear transfer (NT) and activation results in increased cloning efficiency. Aberrant gene expression examined in NT blastocyst stage embryos is only partially corrected by Scriptaid use; therefore, 2 other HDACi were examined in this study including the class I and II HDACi, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and its hydrophobic derivative 4-iodo-SAHA (I-SAHA). Blastocyst rates and total cell numbers were examined across 6 treatment groups (1 µM SAHA, 10 µM SAHA, 1 µM I-SAHA, 10 µM I-SAHA, 0.5 µM Scriptaid and no HDACi treatment). Nuclear transfer was performed on enucleated MII oocytes using 3 different cell lines. Clones were electrically fused and activated, treated with HDACi for 14 to 16 h and cultured to the blastocyst stage in PZM3 under low oxygen tension for 7 days. Blastocyst number was calculated from the total number of fused oocytes. Blastocysts were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and total cell number was determined by Hoechst staining of nuclei. The results from all 3 cell lines were pooled and 782 embryos were examined for blastocyst development from 7 replicates. All statistical analysis was performed by SAS 9.1 and means were separated by least significant difference (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The treatment group 10 µM SAHA had the highest blastocyst rate of 41.9% (n = 124) and was significantly different than no HDACi treatment (29.2%, n = 161; P &amp;lt; 0.003). There was no significant difference in blastocyst rates between 1 µM SAHA, 10 µM SAHA, 1 µM I-SAHA and 0.5 µM Scriptaid with blastocyst rates of 31.6% (n = 168), 41.9% (n = 124) 34.2% (n = 76) and 40.2% (n = 179), respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Treatment with 10 µM I-SAHA significantly decreased development when compared with the other HDACi treatments (17.6%, n = 74, P &amp;lt; 0.05). There was no interaction between treatment and cell line for blastocyst rates (P &amp;gt; 0.45). Total cell number was significantly higher in blastocysts from the 1 µM I-SAHA (37.9, n = 20) treatment group when compared with Scriptaid (29.9, n = 50) and no HDACi treatment (29.4, n = 42; P &amp;lt; 0.04). There were no significant improvements in total cell number between the other concentrations (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Additionally, there was also a significant interaction between cell line used for nuclear transfer and the total cell number (P &amp;lt; 0.002). Two treatments were selected to determine if 10 µM SAHA and 1 µM I-SAHA treatment postnuclear transfer was compatible with term development. Six embryo transfers were performed and 5 recipient pigs became pregnant and developed to term. The results of this study show that treatment with the HDACi, SAHA and I-SAHA postnuclear transfer has the same blastocyst rates as the commonly used HDACi, Scriptaid. Additionally, treatment with 1 µM I-SAHA improves total cell number when compared with Scriptaid or no HDACi treatment. Funding was provided by Food for the 21st Century.
Isodicyclopentadienes and related molecules. 45. (1R)-(-)-Nopol as the source of an optically pure fused cyclopentadienyl ligand. Stereochemical course of complexation to cyclopentadienyltitanium and -zirconium dichloride fragments [Erratum to document cited in CA111(1):7549e] (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleIsodicyclopentadienes and related molecules. 45. (1R)-(-)-Nopol as the source of an optically pure fused cyclopentadienyl ligand. Stereochemical course of complexation to cyclopentadienyltitanium and -zirconium dichloride fragments [Erratum to document cited in CA111(1):7549e]Leo A. Paquette, Kevin J. Moriarty, and Robin D. RogersCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 5, 1706Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00119a058https://doi.org/10.1021/om00119a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Quantitative differentiation of minimal-fat angiomyolipomas from renal cell carcinomas using grating-based x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography: an ex vivo study (2022)

Abstract Background The differentiation of minimal-fat—or low-fat—angiomyolipomas from other renal lesions is clinically challenging in conventional computed tomography. In this work, we have assessed the potential of grating-based x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (GBPC-CT) for visualization and quantitative differentiation of minimal-fat angiomyolipomas (mfAMLs) and oncocytomas from renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) on ex vivo renal samples. Materials and methods Laboratory GBPC-CT was performed at 40 kVp on 28 ex vivo kidney specimens including five angiomyolipomas with three minimal-fat (mfAMLs) and two high-fat (hfAMLs) subtypes as well as three oncocytomas and 20 RCCs with eight clear cell (ccRCCs), seven papillary (pRCCs) and five chromophobe RCC (chrRCC) subtypes. Quantitative values of conventional Hounsfield units (HU) and phase-contrast Hounsfield units (HUp) were determined and histogram analysis was performed on GBPC-CT and grating-based attenuation-contrast computed tomography (GBAC-CT) slices for each specimen. For comparison, the same specimens were imaged at a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Results We have successfully matched GBPC-CT images with clinical MRI and histology, as GBPC-CT presented with increased soft tissue contrast compared to absorption-based images. GBPC-CT images revealed a significant (p&lt;0.05) difference between mfAML samples (58±4 HUp), hfAML (−58±17 HUp) and RCCs (ccRCCs: 40±12 HUp; pRCCs: 43±9 HUp; chrRCCs: 40±7 HUp) in contrast to corresponding laboratory attenuation-contrast CT and clinical MRI. Due to the heterogeneity and lower signal of oncocytomas (44±10 HUp), quantitative differentiation of the samples based on HUp or in combination with HUs was not possible. Conclusions GBPC-CT allows quantitative differentiation of minimal-fat angiomyolipomas from oncocytomas and RCCs in contrast to absorption-based imaging and clinical MRI.
Inhibition of Intervesicular Aggregation of Phospholipid Vesicles by Incorporation of Dialkyl Oligosaccharide Glycerol (1992)

Abstract 1,2-Di-O-octadecyl-3-O-α(β)-maltopentaosyl-rac-glycerol (DOMPG) was incorporated into lipid vesicles to modify the surface of the vesicles. The aggregation of small unilamellar vesicles below the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature and the aggregation of negatively-charged vesicles by the addition of calcium ion were effectively inhibited.
Stereospecific Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of Norbornene and Tetracyclododecene by Mo and W Initiators (2015)

We report the synthesis of >98% cis,isotactic and cis,syndiotactic polynorbornene (poly(NBE)) and poly(endo,anti-tetracyclododecene) (poly(TCD)). Cis,isotactic poly(NBE) and poly(TCD) were prepared employing Mo-based biphenolate imido alkylidene initiators, Mo(NR)(CHCMe2Ph)(Biphen) (Biphen = e.g., 3,3′-(t-Bu)2-5,5′-6,6′-(CH3)4-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diolate), while cis,syndiotactic poly(NBE) and poly(TCD) were prepared employing W-based imido or oxo monoaryloxide pyrrolide (MAP) initiators, W(X)(CHR′)(Pyrrolide)(OTer) (X = NR or O; OTer = a 2,6-terphenoxide). Addition of 1-hexene or coordinating solvents such as THF do not decrease the stereospecificity of the polymerization. Cis,iso and cis,syndio dyads can be distinguished through examination of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the two polymers in a mixture. The polymers were hydrogenated to give isotactic and syndiotactic H-poly(NBE) and H-poly(TCD).
3-(2-Aminoalkyl)-1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5- (2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl- uracils as Orally Bioavailable Antagonists of the Human Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor (2004)

Uracils possessing N-3 side chains derived from various amino alcohols were designed and synthesized as potent human gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor antagonists. The compounds herein presented displayed superior metabolic stability than their predecessor molecules. Selected compounds from this series featured good oral bioavailability in mice and cynomolgus monkeys.
One-pot Synthesis of α,γ-Disubstituted Tetronic Acids from α-Hydroxyallyl Esters: A Novel ”Tandem-Wittig-Claisen”-Reaction (1995)

A novel "one-pot"-method for the synthesis of α,γ-disubstituted tetronic acids 1 from readily accessible allylic esters of α-hydroxy acids 5 and keteneylidene triphenylphosphorane 6 has been developed. The underlying "Tandem-Wittig-Claisen" reaction proceeds under mild and neutral conditions giving rise to high yields and optional isolation of unrearranged intermediates 9.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent and Selective Ligands for Adenosine Binding Sites (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Medical image search and retrieval using local binary patterns and KLT feature points (2009)

In the medical domain, experts usually look at specific anatomical structures to identify the cause of a pathology, and therefore they can largely benefit from automated tools that retrieve relevant slices(s) from a patient's image volume in diagnosis. Accordingly, this paper introduces a novel search and retrieval work for finding relevant slices in brain MR (magnetic resonance) volumes. As intensity is non-standard in MR we explore performance of two complementary intensity invariant features, local binary patterns and Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi feature points, their extended versions with spatial context, and a simple edge descriptor with spatial context. Experiments on real and simulated data showed that the local binary patterns with spatial context is fast, highly accurate, and robust to geometric deformations and intensity variations.
Supplementary Fig. S7 from <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Coupled with Enzymatic Depletion of Tumor Hyaluronan Induces Complete Regression of Aggressive Pancreatic Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PMN tracking in control mice. (A) Normal C57BL/6 non-tumor bearing mice were injected intravenously with 50 uL of a 20 uM working solution of NS-NIR reagent. Mice were imaged 1 hr proceeding injection of NS-NIR. Mice were also injected with 300 ug D-luciferin in 200 ÂµL PBS 5 min prior to imaging. Image depicts representative mouse. Imaged with a Xenogen IVIS 100. (B) Mice treated with shScr-ST or shIDO-ST alone show no intratumoral PMN infiltration. C57BL/6 mice implanted with orthotopic KPC-luc tumors were treated with shIDO-ST or shScr-ST as outlined in Supplementary Fig. S2. Mice were imaged at the indicated time points following first treatment with ST. Imaged with a Xenogen IVIS 100. (C) Key replicate data of PMN infiltration (brown) and tumor (rainbow) for indicated treatment groups. Imaged with a Spectral Ami-X.&lt;/p&gt;
Proposed experiments to grow nanoscalep−njunctions and modulation-doped quantum wires and dots (2002)

We propose and model several experiments where the field effect defined by split gates is used to restrict acceptors and donors to regions of a semiconductor layer. The nonlinear potential defined by split gates restricts positive donors to the center of the layer, whereas the negative acceptors localize near the edges. The Arrhenius equation modified to include effects of the external and internal fields is used to calculate time- and position-dependent impurity hopping probabilities for Monte Carlo simulations of the experiments. The results show that at high doping levels, the internal field resists high concentrations of net charge, and ``flattens'' the doping profile. In addition, we perform Monte Carlo simulations, where the split gates move relative to the semiconductor sample, to demonstrate how regions of a semiconductor layer can be cleared of unwanted impurities. Finally, we discuss how a ``chessboard'' arrangement of square gates can be employed to create modulation-doped quantum dot arrays.
Intravenous Elemental Mercury Injection: Blood Levels and Excretion of Mercury (1977)

The blood level and excretion of mercury was measured in a patient who injected 1 ml (13.6 g) of elemental mercury intravenously. The chest radiograph showed metallic densities delineating small pulmonary vessels. The patient had no signs or symptoms of mercury intoxication in the year after injection. Mercury blood levels were essentially constant, averaging 62 ng/ml. Although exhalation of mercury vapor was a major route of excretion and urinary mercury rose fivefold with administration of penicillamine, excretion by all routes, estimated for the year after injection, represented only 1% of the dose. Total body clearance of mercury was only 5 ml/min. Penicillamine therefore appeared to be of little value in reducing the body burden of mercury. The data also suggest that acute systemic mercury intoxication is unlikely after intravascular elemental mercury injection because blood mercury levels are low.
CHROMATIN REMODELING IN SPERMATIDS: A SENSITIVE STEP FOR THE GENETIC INTEGRITY OF THE MALE GAMETE (2005)

Several causes of male infertility remain idiopathic. Recently, the condensed state of the sperm head has been demonstrated as a discriminating parameter for the assessment of male infertility. Altered DNA condensation is associated with an increase in DNA strand breakage so the genetic integrity of the male gamete is threatened. The origin of the DNA strand breaks in unknown. However, transient DNA strand breaks appear in the whole population of elongating spermatids during mid-spermiogenesis steps. Most likely, these transient breaks are required to support the change in DNA topology associated with chromatin remodeling at these steps. Histones hyperacetylation is also coincident with the DNA strand breakage steps. Hyperacetylation of histones may represent a necessary condition for strand breakages to form allowing access to the yet unknown enzymatic activity involved in the removal of DNA supercoils. A better characterization of this enzyme activity at these steps is necessary as this may represent a very sensitive process where altercations in the genetic integrity of the male gamete may arise and persist up to the mature spermatozoa. During the chromatin remodeling in spermatids, the combined DNA-condensing activities provides by the basic transition proteins and protamines may optimize the strand repair process emphasizing the link between altered sperm DNA condensation and DNA fragmentation. The mutagenic potential of these events may have been overlooked as it may result in fertility and/or developmental problems.
Measurement of 24-hour Continuous Human CH 4 Release in a Whole Room Indirect Calorimeter (2022)

Abstract We describe the technology and validation of a new whole room indirect calorimeter (WRIC) methodology to quantify methane (CH 4 ) released from the human body over 24h concurrently with the assessment of energy expenditure and substrate utilization. The new system extends the assessment of energy metabolism by adding CH 4 , a downstream product of microbiome fermentation that could contribute to energy balance. Methods Our new system consists of an established whole room indirect calorimeter WRIC combined with the addition of off-axis integrated-cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) to measure CH 4 concentrations ([CH 4 ]). The volume of CH 4 released (VCH 4 ) was calculated after measuring air flow rates. Development and validation included environmental experiments to measure the stability of the atmospheric [CH 4 ], infusing CH 4 into the WRIC and cross-validation studies comparing [CH 4 ] quantified by OA-ICOS and mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy (MIR DCS). Reliability of the whole system is reported between years, weeks, days, and validated CH 4 infusions. The cross-validation and reliability of VCH 4 released from the human body was determined in 19 participants on consecutive days. In addition, we describe a postprocessing analytical method to differentiate CH 4 released from breath versus intestine by matching times of stool production and contemporaneous VCH 4 release. Results Our infusion data indicated that the system measured 24h [CH 4 ] and VCH 4 with high sensitivity, reliability and validity. Cross-validation studies showed good agreement between OA-ICOS and MIR DCS technologies (r= 0.979, P&lt;0.0001). Initial human data revealed 24h VCH 4 was highly variable between subjects and within / between days; this highlights the importance of a 24-h continuous assessment to have a complete picture of VCH4 release. Finally, our method to quantify VCH 4 released by breath or colon suggested that over 50% of the CH 4 was eliminated through the breath. Conclusions The method allows, for the first time, measurement of 24h VCH 4 (in kcal) and therefore the measurement of the proportion of human energy intake fermented to CH 4 by the gut microbiome and released via breath or directly from the intestine. Our method is accurate, valid, and will provide meaningful data to understand not only interindividual variation, but also allows us to track the effects of dietary, probiotic, bacterial and fecal microbiota transplantation on VCH 4 .
The chemistry of polycyclic arene imines. II. Photochemistry of phenanthrene 9,10‐imine and of its N‐butyl derivative (1983)

Abstract The uv irradiation of phenanthrene 9, 10‐imine has been shown to give 9 H ‐tetrabenzo[ a, c, g, i ]carbazole as the major photo‐product both in argon purged acetone and in dichloromethane. Phenanthrazine, N ‐9‐phenanthrenyl‐9‐phenanthrenamine and phenanthrene were formed in smaller quantities. 9‐Phenanthrenamine was found to be a minor by‐product. N ‐Butylphenanthrene 9, 10‐imine yielded under similar conditions phenanthrene and N ‐butyl‐9‐phenanthrenamine as the only isolable polycyclic compounds. In the presence of air the substituted imine gave mainly 2‐propylphenanthro[9, 10‐ d ]oxazole.