gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of two-beam-pumped noncollinear optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification for the generation of few-cycle light pulses (2010)

We demonstrate a new and compact Phi-plane-pumped noncollinear optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (NOPCPA) scheme for broadband pulse amplification, which is based on two-beam-pumping (TBP) at 532 nm. We employ type-I phase-matching in a 5 mm long BBO crystal with moderate pump intensities to preserve the temporal pulse contrast. Amplification and compression of the signal pulse from 675 nm - 970 nm is demonstrated, which results in the generation of 7.1-fs light pulses containing 0.35 mJ energy. In this context, we investigate the pump-to-signal energy conversion efficiency for TBP-NOPCPA and outline details for few-cycle pulse characterization. Furthermore, it is verified, that the interference at the intersection of the two pump beams does not degrade the signal beam spatial profile. It is theoretically shown that the accumulated OPA phase partially compensates for wave-vector mismatch and leads to extended broadband amplification. The experimental outcome is supported by numerical split-step simulations of the parametric signal gain, including pump depletion and parametric fluorescence.
A telescope GWAS analysis strategy, based on SNPs-genes-pathways ensamble and on multivariate algorithms, to characterize late onset Alzheimer’s disease (2020)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a plethora of putative susceptibility genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the sole exception of APOE gene unequivocally validated in independent study. Considering that the etiology of complex diseases like AD could depend on functional multiple genes interaction network, here we proposed an alternative GWAS analysis strategy based on (i) multivariate methods and on a (ii) telescope approach, in order to guarantee the identification of correlated variables, and reveal their connections at three biological connected levels. Specifically as multivariate methods, we employed two machine learning algorithms and a genetic association test and we considered SNPs, Genes and Pathways features in the analysis of two public GWAS dataset (ADNI-1 and ADNI-2). For each dataset and for each feature we addressed two binary classifications tasks: cases vs. controls and the low vs. high risk of developing AD considering the allelic status of APOEe4. This complex strategy allowed the identification of SNPs, genes and pathways lists statistically robust and meaningful from the biological viewpoint. Among the results, we confirm the involvement of TOMM40 gene in AD and we propose GRM7 as a novel gene significantly associated with AD.
Expression of a manganese peroxidase isozyme 2 transgene in the ethanologenic white rot fungus Phlebia sp. strain MG-60 (2014)

This first report of MG-60 transformation provides a useful methodology for widely accessible to interested researches. These results indicate the possibility of metabolic engineering of strain MG-60 for improving IFFP.
413 Case-based optimal synthesis of link mechanisms for trajectory and velocity profile (2005)

Linkage mechanisms generate complex curves or motion in a inconstant speed, and are widely used in various mechanical systems. However, their input-output relationship is highly non-linear, making the synthesis of link mechanisms laborious. Mechanism designers frequently pick up an already-existing mechanism which generates a similar output and modify it to produce the desired output. Therefore it is useful to collect and sort many mechanisms and construct a case-base for coming design activities. This article discusses an optimal synthesis of link mechanisms fulfilling specified output trajectory and velocity profiles in a given design space. A case-base is constructed based on randomly generated link mechanisms and their coupler curves. Suitable cases are chosen from this case-base in the light of the current design requirement, and their link parameters are optimized by sequential simplex method to reduce resultant error of trajectory and velocity profiles. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been verified through example problems.
Influence of Ambient Conditions on the Laser Air Spark (1996)

When a powerful laser pulse is focused in air, a bright, free-standing plasma is formed. By measuring the intensities of characteristic emission lines, elemental analysis can be performed in a manner similar to other emission-based techniques. Like other optical emission-based analysis techniques, laser spark spectroscopy can provide rapid and simultaneous measurements of many elements at once. However, the laser spark has the additional ability to perform remote, insitu, measurements. Also, the laser spark vaporizes molecules and small aerosols, allowing measurement of both gaseous and particulate phases. These abilities make the laser air spark an attractive technique for applications such as monitoring toxic metal emissions from incinerator or power plant stacks.
Conformation and dynamics of single DNA molecules in parallel-plate slit microchannels (2004)

The conformation and diffusion of a single DNA molecule confined between two parallel plates are examined using both single molecule experiments and Brownian dynamics simulations accounting for hydrodynamic interactions. The degree of chain stretching and the diffusivity are characterized as a function of the chain confinement and the channel geometry. Good agreement is found between the simulations, experiments, and scaling theory predictions.
Cyclosilicate nanocomposite: A novel resorbable bioactive tissue engineering scaffold for BMP and bone‐marrow cell delivery (2004)

Porous bioactive resorbable silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) was prepared by a sintering technique. XRD analyses showed that the main crystalline phases of the SCPC are Na(3)CaPSiO(7) (clinophosinaite), beta-NaCaPO(4) (rhenanite), Na(2)CaSiO(4), and beta-quartz (SiO(2)). The clinophosinaite is a novel cyclosilicate bioactive mineral that enhanced the mechanical and bioactivity properties of the SCPC. TEM analysis showed that the grain sizes of the multiphase SCPC are in the nanometer scale. Moreover, the SCPC was engineered with nano- and microscale porosity. The SCPC had significantly higher compressive strength than porous hydroxyapatite (HA). FTIR analyses revealed the formation of biological hydroxyapatite layer on the SCPC surface after 4 days of immersion in SBF. When SCPC was loaded with rhBMP-2, it provided a superior release profile of biologically active rhBMP-2 compared to porous HA. Bone-marrow cells incubated with medium treated with the rhBMP-2 released from the SCPC-rhBMP-2 hybrid expressed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity than that expressed by cells incubated with media treated with rhBMP-2 released from HA-rhBMP-2. In addition, cells attached to the SCPC-rhBMP-2 hybrid produced mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) and bone-like tissue that covered the material surface and filled pores in the entire thickness of the template after 3 weeks in culture. In contrary, cells attached to the HA-rhBMP-2 produced limited amount of unmineralized ECM after the same time period. Results of the study strongly suggest that the porous bioactive silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite can serve as a delivery system for cells and biological molecules. The SCPC-rhBMP-2-marrow cell hybrid may serve as an alternative to autologous bone grafting.
The influence of renal function on lactate and glucose metabolism (1984)

The relationship of lactate metabolism to renal function was studied in the isolated perfused rat kidney. A new radioisotopic method has been developed that enables the simultaneous measurement of lactate production and consumption in the presence of physiological concentrations of both lactate and glucose. In kidneys from fed rats, when glucose was absent, lactate production was only 12 mumol/h per g dry wt, and in kidneys from starved rats there was no lactate production, indicating that neither the phosphoenolpyruvate/pyruvate substrate cycle nor other analogous cycles for the recycling of lactate carbon are operating in the intact kidney cortex. Lactate production from glucose occurred at a high rate, at the same time as lactate consumption, demonstrating that lactate recycling between renal cortex and medulla can occur in the intact kidney. Lactate production from glucose correlated with glomerular filtration rate (P less than 0.001), urine flow rate (P less than 0.01) and sodium reabsorption (P less than 0.05). There was significant basal lactate production at zero glomerular filtration rate. Lactate consumption was not correlated with any renal function. When Na+ reabsorption was inhibited with the diuretic frusemide, or when filtration was entirely prevented (the 'non'-filtering kidney'), lactate production was decreased by 39% and 50% respectively. Basal lactate production determined in this way was the same as that calculated above by linear regression. Prevention of filtration, but not the addition of frusemide, significantly inhibited lactate consumption. It is concluded that glycolysis is required for medullary Na+ transport, and that some different transport function(s) require lactate oxidation.
Scintillation Characteristics of Pr:CaF2 Crystals for Charged-particle Detection (2018)

The scintillation properties of Pr:CaF 2 were studied in comparison with those of Eu:CaF 2 under -ray excitation using a sealed source of 241 Am. The relative light yields of the Pr:CaF 2 crystals were approximately 0.6-13% of the Eu:CaF 2 crystal that is known as a conventional scintillator for charged-particle detection. The scintillation decay times of the Pr:CaF 2 crystals were significantly faster than that of the Eu:CaF 2 crystal. Therefore, the Pr:CaF 2 crystals can be used for charged-particle measurements with high count rates.
Expansion of a BDCA1+CD14+ Myeloid Cell Population in Melanoma Patients May Attenuate the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell Vaccines (2016)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment is characterized by regulatory T cells, type II macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and other immunosuppressive cells that promote malignant progression. Here we report the identification of a novel BDCA1+CD14+ population of immunosuppressive myeloid cells that are expanded in melanoma patients and are present in dendritic cell–based vaccines, where they suppress CD4+ T cells in an antigen-specific manner. Mechanistic investigations showed that BDCA1+CD14+ cells expressed high levels of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 to hinder T-cell proliferation. While this BDCA1+CD14+ cell population expressed markers of both BDCA1+ dendritic cells and monocytes, analyses of function, transcriptome, and proteome established their unique nature as exploited by tumors for immune escape. We propose that targeting these cells may improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4332–46. ©2016 AACR.
Perturbed h-method without the Lagrange multiplier for three-dimensional nonlinear magnetostatic problems (1994)

A new formulation of the three-dimensional nonlinear magnetostatic problem is presented. This is a perturbed h-method without the Lagrange multiplier. To verify this method, the benchmark problem 13 defined in the TEAM Workshop for a nonlinear magnetostatic problem is solved and the results are compared with the experimental results measured by Nakata et al. (1990) of Okayama University. Also the practical problem of determining the magnetic field excited by a non-uniform sense current of an MR head is solved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The PCNA interaction motifs revisited: thinking outside the PIP-box (2019)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a cellular hub in DNA metabolism and a potential drug target. Its binding partners carry a short linear motif (SLiM) known as the PCNA-interacting protein-box (PIP-box), but sequence-divergent motifs have been reported to bind to the same binding pocket. To investigate how PCNA accommodates motif diversity, we assembled a set of 77 experimentally confirmed PCNA-binding proteins and analyzed features underlying their binding affinity. Combining NMR spectroscopy, affinity measurements and computational analyses, we corroborate that most PCNA-binding motifs reside in intrinsically disordered regions, that structure preformation is unrelated to affinity, and that the sequence-patterns that encode binding affinity extend substantially beyond the boundaries of the PIP-box. Our systematic multidisciplinary approach expands current views on PCNA interactions and reveals that the PIP-box affinity can be modulated over four orders of magnitude by positive charges in the flanking regions. Including the flanking regions as part of the motif is expected to have broad implications, particularly for interpretation of disease-causing mutations and drug-design, targeting DNA-replication and -repair.
Understanding network management with OOA (1990)

Object-oriented analysis (OOA), a powerful methodology for understanding and documenting complex software applications, is discussed. The methodology supports and promotes the fullest possible understanding of the integrated network management problem domain. These benefits of OOA are attributable to its ability to support integrated and consistent analysis of software systems containing informational, behavioral, and computational complexities. The authors explain how to use OOA, discuss the relationship of OOA to industry standards, and summarize its pros and cons.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stroke diagnosis with lab-on-a-chip. (2009)

A magnetic-based sensing platform with increased sensitivity has been developed for integration into lab-on-a-chip systems. The methodology consists of moving the magnetic particles to the most sensitive spot of the sensor. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the protein S100betabeta, a diagnostic marker for stroke, was used as target protein.
Design and Analysis of E2RC Codes Using EXIT Chart (2009)

We present the design and analysis of a family of codes based on the efflciently-encodable rate-compatible irregular LDPC codes ( E² RC codes) introduced by Kim, Ramamoorthy and Mclaughlin '06. The basic idea is to utilize the structured parity part (of the parity check matrix) of E² RC codes and design optimal degree distributions for the systematic part based on EXIT chart analysis. In this work, we propose a new technique for computing EXIT functions of the structured parity part without resorting to Monte Carlo simulations. Our method provides smoother EXIT functions in substantially lesser time. Furthermore, we pose and solve the problem of designing good codes using linear programming. Next, we consider the performance of rate-compatible codes under puncturing using EXIT charts. Finally, we propose joint optimization of our codes at any specified code rate(s) which has not been explored in previous design of rate-compatible punctured codes.
Lever-Based CMOS-MEMS Probes for Reconfigurable RF IC's (2009)

We report on new lever-based CMOS-MEMS electrothermal probes for memory-intensive self-configuring integrated circuits (MISCICs). The MISCIC vision is to use MEMS conductive probes to reconfigure ICs, mainly RF ICs such as inductors, by mechanically addressing and passing current through resistance change (RC) vias embedded within the chip circuitry. The lever-based actuation causes the probe tips to move away from the probe substrate and toward the RC via substrate, which is in contrast to the previous design where actuation caused the tips to move away from the RC via substrate. Two independently actuated probes are located 3 mum apart to provide two simultaneous contacts that form a reconfiguration current return path. Thermal management such as dummy heater beams and thermal isolation structures are employed to improve the temperature uniformity and drive efficiency. A statistic semi-sphere model is employed to model the contact.
Job Scheduling in Mesh Multicomputers (1994)

A new approach for dynamic job scheduling in mesh-connected multiprocessor system, which supports a multi-user environment, is proposed. The proposed job scheduler combines a priority-based scheduling policy with a submesh reservation policy to obtain high performance in terms of high throughput, high utilization and low turn-around times for jobs. The proposed scheduling strategy offers the flexibility of achieving high performance at the expense of short-term 'fairness' towards certain jobs. A fast and efficient implementation of the proposed scheduler has also been presented. Simulation results indicate that our scheduling strategy outperforms the FCFS policy significantly by reducing the average waiting delay significantly.
Gear Health Threshold Setting Based On a Probability of False Alarm (2011)

There is no established threshold or limit for gear vibration based condition indicators (CI) that indicates when a gear is in need of maintenance. The best we can do is set CI thresholds statistically, based on some small probability of false alarm. Further, to the best of our knowledge, there is no single CI that is sensitive to every failure mode of a gear. This suggests that any condition based maintenance system for gears will have some form of sensor fusion.Three statistical models were developed to define a gear health indicator (HI) as a function of CI: order statistics (max of n CIs), sum of CIs and normalized energy. Since CIs tend to be correlated, a whitening process was developed to ensure the HI threshold is consistent with a defined probability of false alarm. These models were developed for CIs with Gaussian or Rayleigh (skewed) distributions. Finally, these functions, used to generate HIs, were tested on gear test stand data and their performance evaluated as compared to the end state of the gear (e.g. photos of damage). Results show the HIs performed well detecting pitting damage to gears.
Cayo Julio César en Britania (2022)

Si bien fue Piteas de Massalia quien a finales del siglo IV a. C. aportó las primeras relaciones sobre Britania, para la mayoría de los intelectuales del Alto Imperio fue una cuestión irrefutable que no había sido el explorador griego, sino Cayo Julio César, el primero en haber llegado a la isla. César arribó a Britania en dos ocasiones, en 55 a. C. y en 54 a. C. Teniendo presentes las campañas en curso contra las tribus galas, en el presente artículo tratamos de dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Por qué centraría su atención en un lugar que, a priori, no representaba ningún peligro inminente? ¿Qué esperaba lograr con estas acciones? ¿Qué consecuencias tendría para Britania y para Roma la llegada del procónsul a la isla?
Poly(Ortho Esters) (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction POE II POE IV Solid Polymers Gel-Like Materials Polymers Based on an Alternate Diketene Acetal Conclusions References
REAKTIONEN VON THIOXOHETEROCYCLEN MITN-CHLORAMIDEN II.1N-SUBSTITUIERTE 2- ODER 4-THIOPYRIDONE UND NATRIUM-N-CHLORBENZOLSULFONAMIDE (1989)

Abstract N-Substituted 2- and 4-pyridinethiones A react with sodium-N-chlorobenzenesulfonamides 1 to N-phenylsulfonyl-S-pyridylidenesulfimides B, N,N′-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-S-pyridiniosulfodiimidates C and N-pyridylidenebenzenesulfonamides D. The constitution of the new pyridiniosulfodiimidates C is proved by X-ray crystal structure of one compound C and by 1H-NMR-spectra of all 1-methylpyridinio-compounds C, which have a downfield shift for the N-methyl-δ-values. Formation, stabilities, IR-, 1H-NMR-spectra and bond systems of A-D are discussed. N-Substitutierte 2- und 4-Thiopyridone A reagieren mit Natrium-N-chlorbenzolsulfonamiden 1 zu N-Phenylsulfonyl-S-pyridylidensulfimiden B, N,N′-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)-S-pyridiniosulfodiimidaten C und N-Pyridylidenbenzolsulfonamiden D. Konstitutionsbeweise für die neuen Pyridiniosulfodiimidate C sind die Röntgenstrukturanalyse eines Vertreters und die 1H-NMR-Spektren der N-Methylpyridinioverbindungen C mit δ-Werten für die N-Methylgruppe bei tiefem Feld. Für A-D werden diskutiert Bildungsweisen, Stabilitäten, IR- und 1H-NMR-Daten, Bindungsverhältnisse.
Osteopontin improves in vitro development of porcine embryos and decreases apoptosis (2007)

An optimal environment for fertilization and early embryonic development is provided by the mammalian oviduct and uterus. The secretory cells lining the lumen of the oviduct and uterus synthesize and secrete proteins that have been shown to interact with and influence the activities of gametes and embryos. Western blotting in this study demonstrated that a 50-kDa secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) form was present in the uterus on Days 0, 3, and 5 in pregnant and nonbred gilts, and the concentration of SPP1 on Day 0 was higher than on Days 3 and 5 in pregnant gilts, but in nonbred gilts the concentration of SPP1 on Day 0 was higher than Day 3, but not Day 5. In addition, we show that addition of 0.1 microg/ml SPP1 to the culture medium after fertilization increased the percent cleaved (24 hr: 23.6 +/- 1.29(a) vs. 18.7 +/- 0.65(b) (2-cell %)), and the percent blastocyst (37.2 +/- 1.12(a) vs. 30.9 +/- 0.56(b)) derived from IVF (P < 0.05). In parthenogenetic-derived embryos the percent cleaved was increased due to SPP1 at 24 hr (24.0 +/- 1.59(a) vs. 19.7 +/- 1.59(b) (>2-cell %)), and at 48 hr (72.9+/- 2.99(a) vs. 63.3 +/- 2.99(b)), but not the percent blastocyst. By TUNEL assay, SPP1 decreased both apoptosis (7.9 +/- 0.04(a) vs. 13.1 +/- 0.02(b)) and the percent fragmentation (45.2 +/- 0.07(a) vs. 58.8 +/- 0.03(b)). We conclude that SPP1 can improve development in vitro possibly by reducing the rate of apoptosis.
Interfacial debonding of single fibers in transverse tension (1994)

A micromechanical method to measure and analyze interfacial debonding of single fibers in transverse tension was developed. The damage process was observed in-situ by optical microscopy. Two glass fiber/epoxy (GF/EP) systems were studied with different fiber surface treatment. Results from calculations of the interfacial fracture toughness for Mode I and Mode II failure are presented. The theoretical analysis is based on a modification of Toya`s stress analysis of a de bonded circular inclusion, calculation of the work required to I close the crack and a mixed-mode failure criterion.
Epizootic and epidemic dermatophytose outbreaks caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes from rabbits in Portugal, 2015 (2016)

We report an outbreak of dermatophytoses in rabbits, which was the origin of a dermatophytose epidemic in an agricultural school in central Portugal, affecting 15 people. Both the phenotypic characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the dermatophytes isolated from the rabbits and patients were identical, suggesting that a single strain was responsible for both the epizootic and epidemic dermatophytoses and confirming that these two outbreaks were linked. The ITS sequences were also 100% identical to the ITS sequence of five strains isolated from rabbits in Greece and Italy, but different from that of Trichophyton mentagrophytes commonly isolated from dogs and cats. These results suggest that a particular T. mentagrophytes genotype could be prevalent in rabbits in southern Europe.