gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postmortem Studies in Schizophrenia (1998)

The past decade has seen renewed interest in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. The advent of new postmortem techniques and functional imaging, along with a greater understanding of the neuropsychology of schizophrenia, have provided many new clues to the nature of the underlying brain dysfunction in this disorder. There has also been a greater understanding of the presence of severe cognitive dysfunction among many elderly persons with schizophrenia. In this article, a series of investigations are described that seek to answer basic questions about the neuropathology of schizophrenia, in particular as it pertains to cognitive impairment. The first study describes neuropathological findings in 100 consecutively autopsied persons with schizophrenia, the majority of whom had had detailed antemortem assessments. Results from this first study prompted the conclusion that schizophrenia is not characterized by classical, histologically identifiable neuropathology. Moreover, most cases of dementia in schizophrenia are probably not the result of neuropathologically identifiable dementing illnesses. The next four studies examined chemical markers that are altered in Alzheimer's disease and some other dementing conditions and have also been suggested to be abnormal in schizophrenia: choline acetyltransferase, catecholamines and indolamines, neuropeptides, and synaptic proteins. Schizophrenia cases as a group did not show a cholinergic deficit; nor did they differ from elderly comparison cases with respect to cortical catecholamines and indolamines. Among the schizophrenia cases, however, cognitive impairment was negatively correlated with choline acetyltransferase activity. Those with cognitive impairment showed evidence of cortical noradrenergic and serotonergic deficits. Neuropeptide deficits were also present in schizophrenia, but their pattern differed from that seen in Alzheimer's disease. Increased synaptic protein activity was found in the cingulate cortex of persons with schizophrenia, and this activity was correlated with schizophrenia symptoms. From this second series of studies, it was concluded that some biological measures in schizophrenia may be related to cognitive impairment (e.g., cortical amines), whereas others may be related to diagnosis (e.g., neuropeptide deficits). In addition, synaptic organization may correlate with schizophrenia symptoms.
Effect of Localized Laser Treatment on Fatigue Performance of Single-Crystal Silicon Microstructures (2016)

Microscale single-crystal silicon (SCS) fatigue test structures having a notch at the midsection were subjected to a localized laser treatment with a 1 J/cm 2 laser energy for 5 pulses while tilted by 45. As-fabricated and laser-treated samples oriented along the <110> direction were subjected to fatigue test using the same loading (1.7 rotation angle) and environmental (25 C and 50% relative humidity) conditions to study the effect of laser treatment on fatigue performance. As-fabricated samples showed an average fatigue life of 5.6 10 8 cycles with the data being scattered within an order of magnitude. On the other hand, laser-treated samples showed a significant variation in fatigue life. Two samples showed an improved fatigue performance, one sample showed a comparable performance to as-fabricated samples, and two samples fractured instantly as the fatigue test started. Samples that fractured instantly showed the development of protrusions at the notch tip after laser treatment. These protrusions might have caused stress concentration that led to premature failure. Protrusions might indicate fluctuations in laser energy, which could be due to sample misplacement; hence, a more precise control of sample placement is needed for a consistent improvement in fatigue life after laser treatment.
Improved super-orthogonal codes through generalized rotations (2005)

Orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) enjoy simple decoding, but have limited coding gain, if any. By concatenating OSTBC with an outer trellis, simple and powerful codes have been constructed, known as super-orthogonal codes or STB-TCM. In this work, we generalize these codes by exploring new code supersets, through mappings that do not induce any instantaneous modulation constellation expansion. By finding new mappings and establishing the properties of the resulting set partitions, we provide design guidelines for the labeling of the generalized code trellises. Simulations demonstrate significant coding gains resulting from our codes.
Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between CXCR4 Expression and Metastasis in Prostate Cancer (2014)

Our meta-analysis showed that the higher CXCR4 protein expression in prostate cancer specimens is significantly associated with the presence of metastatic disease. This supports previous experimental data supporting the role played by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in metastasis.
Combined effects of IL-12 and IL-18 on the clinical course and local cytokine production in murine pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans (1999)

We reported recently that interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 synergistically increased the fungicidal activity of mouse peritoneal exudate cells against Cryptococcus neoformans by inducing the production of interferon (IFN)-γ by natural killer (NK) cells. To confirm these findings in vivo, we examined the effect of combined treatment using these two cytokines on the course of experimentally induced pulmonary and disseminated cryptococcosis in mice. IL-12 andIL-18 were used at subtherapeutic doses (0.005 and 2 μg/mouse/day, respectively). A single administration of either cytokine was not effective in protecting mice against the infection, while combined treatment significantly prolonged survival time of infected mice and reduced the lung and brain loads of organisms. These protective effects were associated with elevated IFN-γ and reduced IL-4 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Finally, depletion of NK and γ δ T cells, but not of CD4+ T cells, by administration of specific antibodies, significantly reduced the production of IFN-γ in lungs by IL-12/IL-18 treatment during the 7 days of infection. Our results demonstrated that IL-12 and IL-18 protected mice against cryptococcal infection in a synergistic manner by enhancing the local production of IFN-γ by NK and γ δ T cells in the early phase of infection and by suppressing the production of IL-4 in lungs.
Evaluation of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy for ampullary adenocarcinoma: the Johns Hopkins Hospital - Mayo Clinic collaborative study (2011)

Node-positive patients with resected ampullary adenocarcinoma may benefit from 5-FU based adjuvant chemoradiation. Since a significant proportion of patients develop metastatic disease, there is a need for more effective systemic treatment.
Controlling congestion in B-ISDN/ATM: issues and strategies (1991)

The high-level goals of a congestion control architecture are outlined. The controls are discussed in detail, focusing on the set of controls exercised by the network and the functionality needed at the network access and in the internal network elements. The end system controls are discussed only to the extent that they can benefit from the available network controls. The motivation for the suggested controls is discussed by describing their use for selected traffic types. Example traffic types and the use of some of the controls to support these traffic types in an integrated environment are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fluoridchemie in Zinn‐Halogenid‐Perowskiten (2021)

Abstract Zinn ist der Top‐Favorit für den Ersatz von giftigem Blei in Perowskit‐Solarzellen. Allerdings kommt es dabei verstärkt zu der unerwünschten Oxidation von Sn II zu Sn IV . Die herkömmlichen Verfahren verwenden SnF 2 in der Perowskit‐Vorläuferlösung, um die Bildung von Sn IV zu verhindern. Dennoch bleibt der Wirkmechanismus des Additivs unklar. Um diesen eingehender zu erläutern, untersuchen wir die Fluoridchemie in Zinn‐Halogenid‐Perowskiten mit einander ergänzenden Analyseverfahren. NMR‐Spektroskopie der Vorläuferlösung offenbart eine stark bevorzugte Affinität der Fluoridanionen für Sn IV gegenüber Sn II , wodurch dieses selektiv als SnF 4 komplexiert wird. Harte Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie an Dünnschichten zeigt die geringere Bereitschaft von SnF 4 gegenüber SnI 4 , in die Perowskit‐Struktur eingebaut zu werden und verhindert somit den Einschluss von Sn IV in der Dünnschicht. Abschließend offenbart Röntgen‐Kleinwinkelstreuung den starken Einfluss vom Fluorid auf die kolloidale Chemie der Vorläuferlösungen, der sich direkt auf die darauffolgende Kristallisation auswirkt.
Development of Targeted Therapies in ErbB2-Positive Breast Cancer (2008)

Prof. Dr. med. Christian JackischKlinik fur Gynakologie und Geburtshilfe und BrustzentrumKlinikum Offenbach GmbHStarkenburgring 66, 63069 Offenbach, GermanyTel. +49 69 8405-3850, Fax -4456E-mail christian.jackisch@klinikum-offenbach.de© 2008 S. Karger GmbH, FreiburgAccessible online at: www.karger.com/brcFax +49 761 4 52 07 14E-mail Information@Karger.dewww.karger.com
Allowing non-submodular score functions in distributed task allocation (2012)

Submodularity is a powerful property that can be exploited for provable performance and convergence guarantees in distributed task allocation algorithms. However, some mission scenarios cannot easily be approximated as submodular a priori. This paper introduces an algorithmic extension for distributed multi-agent multi-task assignment algorithms which provides guaranteed convergence using non-submodular score functions. This algorithm utilizes non-submodular ranking of tasks within each agent's internal decision making process, while externally enforcing that shared bids appear as if they were created using submodular score functions. Provided proofs demonstrate that all convergence and performance guarantees hold with respect to this apparent submodular score function. The algorithm allows significant improvements over heuristic approaches that approximate truly non-submodular score functions.
Statistical and Topological Properties of Sliced Probability Divergences (2020)

International audience
Processing and interfacial reaction evaluation in MWCNT/Ni composites (2014)

Nickel composites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are manufactured via hot pressing. The precursor blends are processed by a colloidal mixing method, which mixes the Ni with a dispersion of MWCNT in ultrasound. The structure of the MWCNTs is evaluated with Raman spectroscopy in order to assess the defect situation, observing that despite increasing the amount of defects, the nanotubes retain their structure. After sintering, interfacial interactions between the MWCNTs and Ni are studied by different approaches. The sintering is analyzed in situ by high temperature X‐ray diffraction, noticing no phase formation (particularly, Ni 3 C) throughout the process. Moreover, the MWCNT/Ni interface is studied with transmission electron microscopy. The observed interface is well defined, conserving the Ni its crystallographic structure. This study shows that no interfacial products are generated by this manufacturing method, thus proposing it as a suitable candidate when the retention of the nanotube original features is needed.
Platinum nanoparticles from size adjusted functional colloidal particles generated by a seeded emulsion polymerization process (2011)

The benefits of miniemulsion and emulsion polymerization are combined in a seeded emulsion polymerization process with functional seed particles synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization. A systematic study on the influence of different reaction parameters on the reaction pathway is conducted, including variations of the amount of monomer fed, the ratio of initiator to monomer and the choice of surfactant and composition of the continuous phase. Critical parameters affecting the control of the reaction are determined. If carefully controlled, the seeded emulsion polymerization with functional seed particles yields monodisperse particles with adjustable size and functionalities. Size-adjusted platinum-acetylacetonate containing latex particles with identical seed particles and varied shell thicknesses are used to produce arrays of highly ordered platinum nanoparticles with different interparticle distances but identical particle sizes. For that, a self-assembled monolayer of functional colloids is prepared on a solid substrate and subsequently treated by oxygen plasma processing in order to remove the organic constituents. This step, however, leads to a saturated state of a residual mix of materials. In order to determine parameters influencing this saturation state, the type of surfactant, the amount of precursor loading and the size of the colloids are varied. By short annealing at high temperatures platinum nanoparticles are generated from the saturated state particles. Typically, the present fabrication method delivers a maximum interparticle distance of about 260 nm for well-defined crystalline platinum nanoparticles limited by deformation processes due to softening of the organic material during the plasma applications.
Surface Stress Sensors for Closed Loop Low Reynolds Number Separation Control (2011)

Low Reynolds number boundary layer separation causes reduced aerodynamic performance in a variety of applications such as MAVs, UAVs, and turbomachinery. The inclusion of a boundary layer separation control system offers a way to improve efficiency in conditions that would otherwise result in poor performance. Many effective passive and active boundary layer control methods exist. Active methods offer the ability to turn on, off, or adjust parameters of the flow control system with either an open loop or closed loop control strategy using sensors. This research investigates the use of a unique sensor called Surface Stress Sensitive Film (S3F) in a closed loop, low Reynolds number separation control system. S3F is an elastic film that responds to flow pressure gradients and shear stress along its wetted surface, allowing optical measurement of wall pressure and skin friction. A new method for installing the S3F sensor to assure a smooth interface between the wall and wetted S3F surface was investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry techniques (PIV). A Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator is used to control laminar boundary layer separation on an Eppler 387 airfoil over a range of low Reynolds numbers. Several different DBD plasma actuator electrode configurations were fabricated and characterized in an open loop configuration to verify separation control of the Eppler 387 boundary layer. The open loop study led to the choice of a spanwise array of steady linear vertical jets generated by DBD plasma as the control system flow effecter. Operation of the plasma actuator resulted in a 33% reduction in section drag coefficient and reattachment of an otherwise separated boundary layer. The dissertation culminates with an experimental demonstration of S3F technology integrated with a control system and flow effecter for closed loop, low Reynolds number separation control. A simple On/Off controller and Proportional Integral (PI) controller were used to close the control loop.
On Biasing towards Optimized Application Placement in the Cloud (2015)

We consider a cloud environment, consisting of physical entities, subjected to user application requests, consisting of logical entities with relationship constraints among them, such as location constraints. We are concerned with the application placement problem, which is a mapping of logical to physical entities that satisfies the constraints and optimizes an objective function, which combines system and user performance. We describe an efficient technique that is based on random search methods and uses biased statistical sampling methods and demonstrate the feasibility of our methodology using a large-size simulation experiment. We note that the magnitude of biasing has an important impact on the quality of placement and investigate the tradeoff between biasing and optimality of placement solutions.
Prospective Randomized Phase II Trial of Accelerated Reepithelialization of Superficial Second-Degree Burn Wounds Using Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (2011)

In this randomized phase II study, application of a single defocused shock wave treatment to the superficial second-degree burn wound after debridement/topical antiseptic therapy significantly accelerated epithelialization. This finding warrants confirmation in a larger phase III trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01242423).
The preparation and purification of anomer‐free methyl α‐D‐ [gluco‐14C(U)] pyranoside (1969)

Abstract Methyl α‐D‐[gluco‐ 14 C(U)] pyranoside was synthesized from D‐glucose‐ 14 C(U) and methanol using a cation exchange resin catalyst, but was found to contain 10 % of the β‐anomer as a radiochemical impurity. This was conveniently removed by treatment with a β‐glucosidase — almond emulsin — to yield the pure α‐anomer whose analysis is fully described.
Radar-Aided Communication Scheduling Algorithm for 5G and Beyond Networks (2022)

Radar and communication coexistence is an upcoming technology with numerous research opportunities in the medium access control (MAC) layer, particularly in scheduling and radio resource management (RRM). More efficient scheduling algorithms are needed with the wide range of applications that the wireless environment is experiencing. We investigate an echo-based scenario in the radar-aided vehicular communication system in which an echo is reflected from a target. Unlike the conventional scheduling mechanisms where signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is exploited, this paper proposes a new radar-aided communication scheduling algorithm by utilizing parameters such as range and velocity with the classical SINR measurements. The proposed algorithm schedules the available resources by extracting information from the radar echo. The proposed radar-aided communication scheduling scheme provides a more flexible design by adding new parameters, resulting in a more efficient algorithm in a broad variety of scenarios. The proposed scheme is beneficial for B5G communication systems that allow localization and sensing as key features of next-generation wireless networks.
Asymptomatic individuals positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies negative on molecular swab (2021)

believe that this consideration is interesting from a practical point of view, in light of the technical demands of nasopharyngeal swabs (and related molecular assays) and the limited resources of reagents, which might reduce or inappropriately subvert our testing capabilities.We declare no competing interests.We thank all the Policlinico Umberto I hospital staff who supported and facilitated the survey.
Comparative K-Pop Choreography Analysis through Deep-Learning Pose Estimation across a Large Video Corpus (2021)

The recent advent of deep learning-based pose detection methods that can reliably detect human body/limb positions from video frames, together with the online availability of massive digital video corpora, gives digital humanities researchers the ability to conduct "distant viewing" analyses of movement and particularly full-body choreography at much larger scales than previously feasible. These developments make possible innovative, revelatory digital cultural analytics work across many sources, from historical footage to contemporary images. They are also ideally suited to provide novel insight to the study of K-pop choreography. As a specifically non-textual modality, K-pop dance performances, particularly those of corporate and government-sponsored "idol" groups, are a key component of K-pop’s core mission of projecting "soft power" into the international sphere. A related consequence of this strategy is the ready availability in online video repositories of many K-pop music videos, starting from the milieu's origins in the 1990s, including an ever-growing collection of official "dance practice" videos and fan-contributed dance cover videos and supercuts from live performances⁠. These latter videos are a direct consequence of the online propagation of the "Korean wave" by generations of tech-savvy fans on social media platforms. In this paper, we describe the considerations and choices made in the process of applying deep learning-based posed detection to a large corpus of K-pop music videos, and present the analytical methods we developed while focusing on a smaller subset of dance practice videos. A guiding principle for these efforts was to adopt techniques for characterizing, categorizing and comparing poses within and between videos, and for analyzing various qualities of motion as time-series data, that would be applicable to many kinds of movement choreography, rather than specific to K-pop dance. We conclude with case studies demonstrating how our methods contribute to the development of a typography of K-pop poses and sequences of poses ("moves") that can facilitate a data-driven study of the constitutive interdependence of K-pop and other cultural genres. We also show how this work advances methods for "distant" analyses of dance performances and larger corpora, considering such criteria as repetitiveness and degree of synchronization, as well as more idiosyncratic measures such as the "tightness" of a group performance.
Power Electronics Needs for Achieving Grid-Parity Solar Energy Costs (2008)

Grid parity in the context of solar energy implies that photovoltaic resources become competitive with more conventional electrical resources. The paper explores various concepts of grid parity, with emphasis on power electronics aspects. The published Department of Energy goal of grid parity by 2015 implies large-scale shifts to solar energy by 2030. It IS shown that the power electronics subsystems of solar energy systems require substantial cost and reliability improvements to support grid parity. Inverters need to match the typical 25-year life of solar panels, support major simplifications to installation, and achieve lower manufacturing costs.
Presence and content of kynurenic acid in animal feed (2014)

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) was found to be an antagonist of iontropic glutamate receptors and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Furthermore, it was documented that KYNA is an agonist of G-protein coupled GPR35 receptors which are mainly present in the gastrointestinal tract. It was also found that KYNA is present in the gastrointestinal tract and that its concentration gradually increases along it. The origin of KYNA in the gastrointestinal tract is not known. Both might be synthesized from tryptophan in it or absorbed from food and other dietary products. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of KYNA in animal feed. The results indicate that the highest concentration of KYNA was found in animal feeds intended for livestock. The lower amount of KYNA was detected in animal feeds for fish. Interestingly, the lowest amount of KYNA was found in dog and cat feeds. Furthermore, an analysis of KYNA content in animal food ingredients was conducted. The concentration of KYNA found in one of the ingredients – rapeseed meal – was several times higher in comparison to animal feeds studied. The content of KYNA in the remaining feed ingredients tested was significantly lower. This is the first report on the concentration of KYNA in animal feeds. There is a need for further detailed analysis leading to establishing a set of guidelines for animal feeding.
Retraction (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.