gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marginal-based visual alphabets for local image descriptors aggregation (2011)

Bag of Words (BOW) models are nowadays one of the most effective methods for visual categorization. They use visual dictionaries to aggregate the set of local descriptors extracted from a given image. Despite their high discriminative ability, one of the major drawbacks of BOW still remains the computational cost of the visual dictionary, built by clustering in the high dimensional feature space. In this paper we introduce a fast, effective method for local image descriptors aggregation that is based on marginal approximations, i.e. the approximation of each descriptor component distribution. We quantize each dimension of the feature space, obtaining a visual alphabet that we use to map the image descriptors in a fixed-length visual signature. Experimental results show that our new method outperforms the traditional BOW model in both accuracy and efficiency for the scene recognition task. Moreover, we discover that the marginal-based aggregation provides complementary information with respect to BOW, by combining the two models in a video retrieval system based on TRECVID 2010.
Selective Colorimetric Detection of Polynucleotides Based on the Distance-Dependent Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles* (2020)

A highly selective, colorimetric polynucleotide detection method based on mercaptoalkyloligonucleotide-modified gold nanoparticle probes is reported. Introduction of a single-stranded target oligonucleotide (30 bases) into a solution containing the 1434appropriate probes resulted in the formation of a polymeric network of nanoparticles with a concomitant red-to-pinkish/purple color change. Hybridization was facilitated by freezing and thawing of the solutions, and the denaturation of these hybrid materials showed transition temperatures over a narrow range that allowed differentiation of a variety of imperfect targets. Transfer of the hybridization mixture to a reverse-phase silica plate resulted in a blue color upon drying that could be detected visually. The unoptimized system can detect about 10 femtomoles of an oligonucleotide.
(Invited) Current Filamentation in Rram As Measured By High Speed Electrical Thermometry (2015)

In this paper, we review our method of measuring the local device temperature in oxide RRAM cells by taking high speed pulsed electrical measurements of the device I-V characteristics. These measurements are taken sufficiently fast (&lt; 5 ns) as to avoid local joule heating of the device, revealing the device’s “true” room temperature I-V characteristics. Repeating these measurements as a function of stage temperature allows the construction of a unique I-V-T map, where T is the device temperature. This calibrated map can then be used under more general I-V interrogation where self-heating is present to extract the actual device temperature from I-V measurements. This method has been applied to a variety of RRAM-type oxide switches, including TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 and HfO 2 devices. Both pristine devices (prior to the initial filament forming breakdown step) as well as devices that have a filament present and can be repeatedly switched between high and low resistance states have been examined. The measurements show that internal device temperatures can range from 50ºC to 400ºC at the onset of the electroforming event, with temperatures above 600ºC when the event is completed. During switching, temperatures within the filaments peak at 300ºC-400ºC during each switching event. Temperature dependent resistivity measurements reveal that the filament has a metallic nature in materials like TiO 2 (resistivity increases with increasing temperature) with a resistivity value of approximately 6000 nΩ-m. The surrounding matrix is semiconducting (resistivity decreases strongly with increasing temperature) and displays highly non-linear I-V curves. By combining the above thermometry technique with modeling of the thermal transport in the filament and its surrounding region, it is possible to get an estimate of the filament radius. Specifically, a unique filament radius is determined that self-consistently explains both the filament I-V behavior and slope of filament temperature vs dissipated power (the filament thermal resistance, R th ). This analysis reveals that the filaments in oxide RRAM memory devices are typically 1 nm in diameter and have a hot zone around them that grows to several nm during the switching event. We are also able to apply this same analysis to the transient (i.e. non-permanent) current filaments that form prior to the permanent filament, during so-called threshold switching events. These measurements confirm for oxides the same picture reported in the literature for chalcogenide phase change materials many years ago - that a transient electrical current filament precedes the permanent structural one in these devices. Moreover, it is most likely that the heating within this transient filament that allows for the microstructural arrangement of the oxide atoms that results in a permanent conducting filament able to participate in the memory switching event.
Aspirin dose and thromboxane metabolism in African American stroke patients (2000)

P214 

Purpose: To evaluate thromboxane metabolism in African American stroke patients on different doses of aspirin. Methods: Consecutive African American patients within 3 month of non-cardioembolic stroke and not being treated with anticoagulation were recruited. Antithrombotic therapy at the time of sample collection was not prespecified and varied according to the practice patterns of the different attending physicians who treated the patients during their acute stroke. The thromboxane metabolite 11-dehydrothroboxane B2 (11-DTB2) was measured by enzyme immunoassay in random urine samples collected at the time of enrollment. Results: 99 patients were enrolled but 15 could not give a urine sample at the time of enrollment. Data on the remaining 84 patients were evaluable. There were 49 men and 35 women aged 36–87 (mean 62) years. Based on antithrombotic treatment during sample collections, we divided patients into four groups: no aspirin N=16 (no antithrombotic drugs N=4 or ticlopidine N=12), aspirin 81–325 mg/d N=19 (81 mg/day N=1, 325 mg/day N=18), aspirin 650 mg/d N=19, aspirin 975–1300 mg/d N=30 (975 mg/d N=2 and 1300 mg/d N=28). After log transformation of the 11-DTB2 values the geometric means in the no aspirin, 81–325 mg/d, 650 mg/d, and 975–1300 mg/d groups were 1355, 912, 758, and 731 pg/mg creatinine, respectively. Based on one way ANOVA, the mean 11-DTB2 concentration was significantly different between the 4 groups (p=0.03). There was a significant negative relationship between aspirin dose and 11-DTB2 concentration (Pearson Correlation, r = -0.26, P=0.02). Conclusion: In African American stroke patients thromboxane production appears to be progressively inhibited by aspirin doses up to 650 mg/d. The clinical significance of this effect by aspirin doses ≤650 mg/d remains to be determined.
Queenslandon, a New Antifungal Compound Produced by Chrysosporium queenslandicum: Production, Isolation and Structure Elucidation. (2002)

In the course of our screening program for biologically active compounds from pathogenic microorganisms, an antibacterial and antifungal naphthoquinone group antibiotic complex was isolated from the culture broth of a strain Chrysosporium queenslandicum IFM 51121. The compounds of the complex were identified as altersolanol A, B and C1-3). Besides the antibiotics, the strain C. queenslandicum IFM 51121 produces also a new antifungal compound related to zearalenone family of mycotoxin4), designated queenslandon (1).
Optical microfiber loop resonator (2005)

We demonstrate a microloop resonator created from the subwavelength-diameter microfiber in free space. The resonator was tuned to exhibit Q-factor 15000 and to the critical coupling regime with the magnitude of transmission oscillations 34 dB
Chemogenetic activation of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in freely moving common marmosets (2021)

To interrogate particular neuronal pathways in non-human primates under natural and stress-free conditions, we applied designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) technology to common marmosets. We injected adeno-associated virus vectors expressing the excitatory DREADD hM3Dq into the unilateral substantia nigra in three marmosets. Using multi-tracer positron emission tomography imaging, we detected DREADD expression in vivo, which was confirmed in nigrostriatal dopamine neurons by immunohisto-chemistry, and assessed activation of the substantia nigra and dopamine release following agonist administration. The marmosets rotated in a contralateral direction relative to the activated side 30–90 min after consuming food containing the highly potent DREADD agonist deschloroclozapine (DCZ), but not on the following days without DCZ. These results indicate that non-invasive and reversible DREADD manipulation will extend the utility of marmoset as a primate model for linking neuronal activity and natural behavior in various contexts.
Cationic Cycloheptatrienyl Cyclopentadienyl Manganese Sandwich Complexes: Tromancenium Explored with High-Power LED Photosynthesis (2021)

In this contribution, we revisit the neglected and forgotten cationic, air-stable, 18-valence electron, heteroleptic sandwich complex (cycloheptatrienyl)(cyclopentadienyl)manganese, which was reported independently by Fischer and by Pauson about 50 years ago. Using advanced high-power LED photochemical synthesis, an expedient rapid access to the parent complex and to functionalized derivatives with alkyl, carboxymethyl, bromo, and amino substituents was developed. A thorough study of these "tromancenium" salts by a range of spectroscopic techniques (<sup>1</sup>H/<sup>13</sup>C/<sup>55</sup>Mn-NMR, IR, UV-vis, HRMS, XRD, XPS, EPR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and quantum chemical calculations (DFT) shows that these manganese sandwich complexes are unique metallocenes with quite different chemical and physical properties in comparison to those of isoelectronic cobaltocenium salts or (cycloheptatrienyl)(cyclopentadienyl) sandwich complexes of the early transition metals. Electrochemically, all tromancenium ions undergo a chemically partially reversible oxidation and a chemically irreversible reduction at half-wave or peak potentials that respond to the substituents at the Cp deck. As exemplarily shown for the parent tromancenium ion, the product generated during the irreversible reduction process reverts at least partially to the starting material upon reoxidation. Quantum-chemical calculations of the parent tromancenium salt indicate that metal-ligand bonding is distinctly weaker for the cycloheptatrienyl ligand in comparison to that of the cyclopentadienyl ligand. Both the HOMO and the LUMO are metal and cycloheptatrienyl-ligand centered, indicating that chemical reactions will occur either metal-based or at the seven-membered ring, but not on the cyclopentadienyl ligand.
IgA and IgG Hypogammaglobulinemia Is a Constitutive Feature in Most Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia Patients and May Be Related to Mutations Associated with Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorder (CVID) (2008)

Abstract Background: Hypogammaglobulinemia of the “uninvolved” immunoglobulins is commonly observed in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM), and has often been attributed to disease-related suppression. However, there is a paucity of information related to the pathogenesis of hypogammaglobulinemia in these disorders. Methods: We evaluated the incidence of IgA and IgG hypogammaglobulinemia in 207 patients with WM, and addressed the impact of therapy and response on IgA and IgG levels for 93 of these patients who required subsequent treatment. We also performed extensive sequence analysis of the promoter, all exonic, and flanking intronic regions from peripheral blood of 19 untreated WM patients who demonstrated IgA and/or IgG hypogammaglobulinemia for 8 genes often observed in common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) and B cell deficiency i.e. AICDA, BTK, CD40, CD154, NEMO(IkBkG), TACI, SH2D1A, UNG. Results: At baseline, 120/207 (58.0%), 131/207 (63.3%), and 102/196 (49.3%) patients had abnormally low levels of serum IgG (&lt;700 mg/dL), IgA (&lt;70 mg/dL), or both, respectively. No correlation between baseline bone marrow disease involvement and immunoglobulin levels was observed. With a median follow-up of 12 months following completion of therapy, IgA and/or IgG levels remained abnormally low for 92.1% and 87.3% of responding patients, respectively, including those who achieved a complete remission. Sequence analysis of the NEMO and CVID gene panel demonstrated intronic variation at position c.1056-6T&gt;C (n=2) and a hemizygous missense mutation at codon 113 for NEMO (n=1), and a heterozygous missense mutation at codon 142 in UNG (n=1). Conclusions: The results of these studies demonstrate that IgA and IgG hypogammaglobulinemia is a constitutive feature of patients with WM, which neither correlates with, nor is impacted by disease burden, despite therapeutic intervention and response. The results also suggest that patients with WM may harbor sequence mutations, which may be a contributor to the pathogenesis and/or morbidity of WM.
Detoxification of Arsenic-Containing Copper Smelting Dust by Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Technology (2021)

A large amount of arsenic-containing solid waste is produced in the metallurgical process of heavy nonferrous metals (copper, lead, and zinc). The landfill disposal of these arsenic-containing solid waste will cause serious environmental problems and endanger people’s health. An electrochemical advanced oxidation experiment was carried out with the cathode modified by adding carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion. The removal rate of arsenic using advanced electrochemical oxidation with the modified cathode in 75 g/L NaOH at 25 °C for 90 min reached 98.4%, which was significantly higher than 80.69% of the alkaline leaching arsenic removal process. The use of electrochemical advanced oxidation technology can efficiently deal with the problem of arsenic-containing toxic solid waste, considered as a cleaner and efficient method.
Fused Quartz Dual Shell Resonator (2019)

In this paper, for the first time, we present a dual-shell architecture for fabrication of 3D Fused Quartz resonators. The architecture is realized by defining two encapsulated and concentric cavities using plasma-activated wafer bonding followed by the high-temperature glassblowing. A finite element model is presented to simulate the fabrication process and predict the final geometry of the dual-shell device from process parameters. We developed the fabrication process and demonstrated manufactured micro-structures. The dual-shell architecture provides a protective shield as well as a fixed-fixed anchor for the sensing element of the resonators. The proposed structure can be instrumented to operate as a resonator, a gyroscope, or other vibratory sensor and anticipated to have advantages for precision operation in a harsh environment.
Multiscale model of cavitation bubble formation and breakdown (2014)

Cavitation damage is responsible for initial pitting of kidney stone surfaces, damage that is thought to play an important role in shock wave lithotripsy. We introduce a multiscale model of the formation of cavitation bubbles in water, and subsequent breakdown. At a macroscopic, continuum scale cavitation is modeled by the 3D Euler equations with a Tait equation of state. Adaptive mesh refinement is used to provide increased resolution at the liquid/vapor boundary. Cells with both liquid and vapor phases are flagged by the continuum solver for mesoscale, kinetic modeling by a lattice Boltzmann description capable of capturing non-equilibrium behavior (e.g., phase change, energetic jet impingement). Isolated and interacting two-bubble configurations are studied. Computational simulation results are compared with high-speed experimental imaging of individual bubble dynamics and bubble–bubble interaction. The model is used to build a statistical description of multiple-bubble interaction, with input from cavitation cloud imaging. [Work supported by NIH through 5R37DK052985-18.]
Confocal spectroscopic imaging measurements of depth dependent hydration dynamics in human skin in-vivo (2017)

We present confocal spectroscopic imaging measurements applied to in-vivo studies to determine the depth dependent hydration profiles of human skin. The observed spectroscopic signal covers the spectral range from 810 nm to 2100 nm allowing to probe relevant absorption signals that can be associated with e.g. lipid and water-absorption bands. We employ a spectrally sensitive autofocus mechanism that allows an ultrafast focusing of the measurement spot on the skin and subsequently probes the evolution of the absorption bands as a function of depth. We determine the change of the water concentration in m%. The water concentration follows a sigmoidal behavior with an increase of the water content of about 70% within 5 μm in a depth of about 14 μm. We have applied our technique to study the hydration dynamics of skin before and after treatment with different concentrations of glycerol indicating that an increase of the glycerol concentration leads to an enhanced water concentration in the stratum corneum. Moreover, in contrast to traditional corneometry we have found that the application of Aluminium Chlorohydrate has no impact to the hydration of skin.
Complex Event Processing based Hybrid Intrusion Detection System (2015)

Insider threats are evolving constantly and misuse the granted resource access for various malicious activities. These insider threats make use of internal network flaws as the loop holes and are the root cause for data exfiltration and infiltration (Data leakage). Organizations are devising and deploying new solutions for analyzing, monitoring and predicting these insider threats. However data leakage and network breach problems still exist and are increasing day by day. This is due to multiple root accounts, top priority privileges, shared root access, shared file system privileges etc. In this paper a new Hybrid Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is developed to overcome the above stated problem. The objective of this research is to develop a Complex Event Processing (CEP) based Hybrid IDS that integrates the output of the Host IDS and Network IDS into the CEP Module and produces a consolidated output with higher accuracy. The overall deployment protects the internal information system without any data leakage by Stateful Packet Inspection. Multivariate Correlation Analysis (MCA) is used to estimate and characterize the normal behavior of the network and send the values to the CEP Engine which alerts in case of any deviation from the normal pattern. The performance of the proposed Hybrid IDS is examined using test bed with normal and various attack scenarios.
Optical lattice clock: Towards frequency measurement at 10<sup>&#x2212;18</sup> level (2006)

We discuss a concept and a projected performance of an “optical lattice clock” as a next generation time and frequency standard. Recent measurements of the clock spectrum as well as its absolute frequency will be presented.
Nickel sensitivity in the general population (1979)

The incidence of nickel sensitivity in a population above the age of 10 was examined through epicutaneous tests with 5% nickel sulphate performed on certain school and occupational test subjects and on subjects at a home for elderly people. Nickel sensitivity was observed in 4.5% (in 44 cases of 980 tested subjects), in 8% of the females and in 0.8% of the males. In 42 of the 44 nickel-sensitive subjects there was a history of dermatitis from metal contact. At the time of testing, 16 (34%) of the nickel-sensitive subjects revealed eczema. A manifest nickel sensitivity was thus found in 1.6% of all tested subjects, in 2.8% of females and in 0.4% of males. Nickel sensitivity and a simultaneous hand eczema was noted in 0.9% of the tested population, in 1.6% of females and in 0.2% of males. Hand eczemas were rarer (20.5%) in the nickel-sensitive subjects in the population study than in the nickel-sensitive patients tested at the same time in the clinic (56.6%). No case of nickel sensitivity was occupationally related.
Modeling of the programming window distribution in multinanocrystals memories (2003)

In this paper, the impact of the Si nanocrystals technological fluctuations on the programming window dispersion of multi nanocrystals memory is thoroughly investigated. Technological dispersions of different nanocrystals populations, directly measured by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, are used as starting points for the modeling of the device characteristics. Numerical Monte Carlo simulations as well as an original compact modeling, based on the compound distributions (CD) statistics, are here presented. Exact analytical results (CD model), approximated analytical results (CD+Central Limit Theorem model) and numerical results (numerical convolution) are deeply discussed. Finally, the good agreement between our simulations and experimental data of ultrascaled nanocrystal devices, made by conventional UV lithography or by e-beam lithography, definitively confirms the validity of our theoretical approach.
Impact of deleterious passenger mutations on cancer progression (2013)

Cancer progression is driven by the accumulation of a small number of genetic alterations. However, these few driver alterations reside in a cancer genome alongside tens of thousands of additional mutations termed passengers. Passengers are widely believed to have no role in cancer, yet many passengers fall within protein-coding genes and other functional elements that can have potentially deleterious effects on cancer cells. Here we investigate the potential of moderately deleterious passengers to accumulate and alter the course of neoplastic progression. Our approach combines evolutionary simulations of cancer progression with an analysis of cancer sequencing data. From simulations, we find that passengers accumulate and largely evade natural selection during progression. Although individually weak, the collective burden of passengers alters the course of progression, leading to several oncological phenomena that are hard to explain with a traditional driver-centric view. We then tested the predictions of our model using cancer genomics data and confirmed that many passengers are likely damaging and have largely evaded negative selection. Finally, we use our model to explore cancer treatments that exploit the load of passengers by either (i) increasing the mutation rate or (ii) exacerbating their deleterious effects. Though both approaches lead to cancer regression, the latter is a more effective therapy. Our results suggest a unique framework for understanding cancer progression as a balance of driver and passenger mutations.