gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis Ia1a, a New Strain for Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid and Exopolysaccharide Production (2016)

We report here the 4.092-Mb high-quality draft genome assembly of a newly isolated poly-γ-glutamic acid-producing strain, Bacillus subtilis Ia1a. The genome sequence is considered a critical tool to facilitate the engineering of improved production strains. Exopolysaccharides and many industrially important enzymes can be produced by this new strain utilizing different carbon sources.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation Promotes Genetic Context–Dependent Invasion of Immortalized Melanocytes (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation Promotes Genetic Context–Dependent Invasion of Immortalized Melanocytes
Figure S5 from Characterization of the Anti–PD-1 Antibody REGN2810 and Its Antitumor Activity in Human <i>PD-1</i> Knock-In Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;REGN2810 binds to PD-1 on T cells in tumor-bearing human PD-1 knock-in mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Stress Characterization of Tungsten-Filled Through Silicon via Arrays Using Very High Resolution Multi-Wavelength Raman Spectroscopy (2011)

Stress in Si adjacent to W-filled TSVs has been measured by multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy (probe depth ranging from 290 to 645 nm) and compared to finite element modeling. The stress in Si from the TSVs increases with TSV width and is almost constant at the different depths probed in this study. The Raman signal is mainly due to the sum of the Sx and Sy stress components, perpendicular and parallel to the TSV bars. The Sx component is tensile and the Sy component is compressive, with the Sy component dominant in between the TSVs. However, ~10 um from the edge of the TSV array, the two components are equal in magnitude so that the stress measured by Raman is zero, even though the individual Sx and Sy stresses are considerable. Hence, it is important to use finite element modeling in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy to characterize stresses in TSVs.
A 90-nm MOS-only 3-11GHz transmitter for UWB (2006)

This paper presents an upconversion mixer that uses triode devices and dynamic biasing to achieve smooth current steering and very low spur levels, e.g. at 3 times the local oscillator frequency. This eliminates the need for filtering resulting in a low-cost design free of inductors and external filters. The mixer is sized to provide all the required power to the antenna without requiring a separate power amplifier. Eliminating the RF amplification results in a very large RF bandwidth (3-11 GHz) again without any need for inductors for bandwidth extension. The transmitter has been fabricated in a 90nm digital CMOS process and achieves a peak power of 3dBm, while dissipating 36mW from a 1.2V supply. The transmitter supports a baseband bandwidth in excess of 1GHz. This performance is compatible with OFDM-based UWB requirements.
Segmentation and dimensionality reduction (2006)

Sequence segmentation and dimensionality reduction have been used as methods for studying high-dimensional sequences — they both reduce the complexity of the representation of the original data. In this paper we study the interplay of these two techniques. We formulate the problem of segmenting a sequence while modeling it with a basis of small size, thus essentially reducing the dimension of the input sequence. We give three different algorithms for this problem: all combine existing methods for sequence segmentation and dimensionality reduction. For two of the proposed algorithms we prove guarantees for the quality of the solutions obtained. We describe experimental results on synthetic and real datasets, including data on exchange rates and genomic sequences. Our experiments show that the algorithms indeed discover underlying structure in the data, including both segmental structure and interdependencies between the dimensions.
Clinical Management and Pump Parameter Adjustment of the Control-IQ Closed-Loop Control System: Results from a 6-Month, Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial (2020)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Data are limited on the need for and benefits of pump setting optimization with automated insulin delivery. We examined clinical management of a closed-loop control (CLC) system and its relationship to glycemic outcomes. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We analyzed personal parameter adjustments in 168 participants in a 6-month multicenter trial of CLC with Control-IQ versus sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy. Preset parameters (BR = basal rates, CF = correction factors, CR = carbohydrate ratios) were optimized at randomization, 2 and 13 weeks, for safety issues, participant concerns, or initiation by participants' usual diabetes care team. Time in range (TIR 70-180 mg/dL) was compared in the week before and after parameter changes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In 607 encounters for parameter changes, there were fewer adjustments for CLC than SAP (3.4 vs. 4.1/participant). Adjustments involved BR (CLC 69%, SAP 80%), CR (CLC 68%, SAP 50%), CF (CLC 44%, SAP 41%), and overnight parameters (CLC 62%, SAP 75%). TIR before and after adjustments was 71.2% and 71.3% for CLC and 61.0% and 62.9% for SAP. The highest baseline HbA<sub>1c</sub> CLC subgroup had the largest TIR improvement (51.2% vs. 57.7%). When a CR was made more aggressive in the CLC group, postprandial time >180 mg/dL was 43.1% before the change and 36.0% after the change. The median postprandial time <70 mg/dL before making CR less aggressive was 1.8%, and after the change was 0.7%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> No difference in TIR was detected with parameter changes overall, but they may have an effect in higher HbA<sub>1c</sub> subgroups or following user-directed boluses, suggesting that changes may matter more in suboptimal control or during discrete periods of the day. Clinical Trials Registration number: NCT03563313.
Das Magnetoviskosimeter: Von der Idee zum rheologischen Meßgerat / The Magnetoviscometer: From an Idea to a Rheological Instrument (1991)

Article Das Magnetoviskosimeter: Von der Idee zum rheologischen Meßgerat / The Magnetoviscometer: From an Idea to a Rheological Instrument was published on December 1, 1991 in the journal Applied Rheology (volume 1, issue 4).
Total synthesis of diazonamide A (2010)

A total synthesis of the marine natural product diazonamide A (1) has been accomplished. This work features a highly stereoselective synthesis of the C(10) quaternary center and the central furanoindoline core enabled by an iminium-catalyzed alkylation-cyclization cascade. Additionally, a magnesium-mediated intramolecular macroaldolization and a palladium-catalyzed tandem borylation/annulation were developed to enable the closure of the two 12-membered macrocycles of diazonamide A. This synthesis involves 20 steps in its longest linear sequence and proceeds in 1.8% overall yield.
Lasing in GaN microdisks pivoted on Si (2006)

Arrays of pivoted GaN microdisks have been fabricated on a GaN∕Si material by a combination of dry and wet etching. The Si material beneath the GaN microdisks is removed by wet etching, leaving behind a fine pillar to support the disks. Raman spectroscopy reveals substantial strain relaxation in these structures. Resonant modes, corresponding to whispering gallery modes, are observed in the photoluminescence spectra. Stimulated emission is achieved at higher optical pumping intensities.
Influence of Extracellular pH on the Viability and Morphology of Tumor Cells Exposed to Hyperthermia (1976)

The influence of hyperthermia (42.5 degrees C) on the viability and morphology of L1A2 ascites cells incubated at various pH levels (6.4-7.2) was studied. In contrast to unheated cells, increased extracellular acidity in hyperthermically treated tumor cells was associated with markedly reduced viability of the tumor cells exposed to hyperthermia. The cells heated at neutral pH underwent ultrastructural nuclear changes; the most prominent were the appearance of filamentous bundles and increased perichromatin granules. The cells heated under more acid conditions had an increased lysosomal activity and intense cell lysis resulting in lethal damage to the entire cell population within 6 hours after treatment. The active mechanism was not clear, but cell membrane lesions combined with the increased lysosome activity seemed of major importance in the mechanism of heat-induced damage to tumor cells kept in an acid milieu.
Esterified carotenoids are synthesized in petals of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and accumulate in differentiated chromoplasts (2020)

Abstract Although yellow and orange petal colors are derived from carotenoids in many plant species, this has not yet been demonstrated for the order Caryophyllales, which includes carnations. Here, we identified a carnation cultivar with pale yellow flowers that accumulated carotenoids in petals. Additionally, some xanthophyll compounds were esterified, as is the case for yellow flowers in other plant species. Ultrastructural analysis showed that chromoplasts with numerous plastoglobules, in which flower-specific carotenoids accumulate, were present in the pale yellow petals. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses indicated that the expression levels of genes for carotenoid biosynthesis and esterification in pale yellow and pink petals (that accumulate small amounts of carotenoids) were similar or lower than in green petals (that accumulate substantial amounts of carotenoids) and white petals (that accumulate extremely low levels of carotenoids). Pale yellow and pink petals had a considerably lower level of expression of genes for carotenoid degradation than white petals, suggesting that reduced degradation activity caused accumulation of carotenoids. Our results indicate that some carnation cultivars can synthesize and accumulate esterified carotenoids. By manipulating the rate of biosynthesis and esterification of carotenoids in these cultivars, it should be feasible to produce novel carnation cultivars with vivid yellow flowers.
Duality relations for the classical ground states of soft-matter systems (2011)

Bounded interactions are particularly important in soft-matter systems, such as colloids, microemulsions, and polymers. In this paper, we extend the results of a recent letter [S. Torquato and F. H. Stillinger, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100, 020602] on duality relations for ground states of pair interactions to include three-body and higher-order functions. Our novel and general relations link the energy of configurations associated with a real-space potential to the corresponding energy of the dual (Fourier-transformed) potential and can be applied to ordered and disordered classical ground states. We use the duality relations to demonstrate how information about the classical ground states of short-ranged potentials can be used to draw new conclusions about the ground states of long-ranged potentials and vice versa. The duality relations also lead to bounds on the T = 0 system energies in density intervals of phase coexistence. Additionally, we identify classes of “self-similar“ potentials, for which one can rigorously relate low- and high-density ground-state energies. We analyze the ground state configurations and thermodynamic properties of a one-dimensional system expected to exhibit an infinite number of structural phase transitions and comment on the known ground states of purely repulsive monotonic potentials in the context of our duality relations.
Dynamic remote control through service orchestration of point-of-care and surgical devices based on IEEE 11073 SDC (2016)

Nowadays, the staff of modern operation rooms (ORs) and intensive care units (ICUs) has to handle increasingly complex medical devices and their user interfaces. Inconsistent and often non-sterile user interfaces lead to error-prone and slow reconfiguring actions which in the end may even harm the patient. To overcome these issues interconnected medical devices are necessary. We introduce a new concept for flexible and easy-to-use remote controls which allow to control a range of different devices from different manufacturers. Current solutions are vendor-, and mostly even device-specific and tightly coupled. The effort for manufacturers is high and the maintainability is bad. Thus, controls that can be assigned dynamically to different medical devices are rare or mostly not available. Yet such dynamic controls are badly needed to improve clinical workflows especially in ORs and ICUs. We establish such a remote control setup using the service-oriented architecture defined in the IEEE 11073 SDC standards family. The presented concept is based on dynamic service orchestration to overcome existing problems: The control device and the controlled medical device are published as independent services in the network and an additional composed service interconnects them. We successfully implemented this concept for dynamically assignable controls in a real-world demonstrator with several medical devices from more than five different manufacturers. Performance evaluations show its practicability.
Fractionating Polymer Microspheres as Highly Accurate Density Standards (2015)

This paper describes a method of isolating small, highly accurate density-standard beads and characterizing their densities using accurate and experimentally traceable techniques. Density standards have a variety of applications, including the characterization of density gradients, which are used to separate objects in a variety of fields. Glass density-standard beads can be very accurate (±0.0001 g cm(-3)) but are too large (3-7 mm in diameter) for many applications. When smaller density standards are needed, commercial polymer microspheres are often used. These microspheres have standard deviations in density ranging from 0.006 to 0.021 g cm(-3); these distributions in density make these microspheres impractical for applications demanding small steps in density. In this paper, commercial microspheres are fractionated using aqueous multiphase systems (AMPS), aqueous mixture of polymers and salts that spontaneously separate into phases having molecularly sharp steps in density, to isolate microspheres having much narrower distributions in density (standard deviations from 0.0003 to 0.0008 g cm(-3)) than the original microspheres. By reducing the heterogeneity in densities, this method reduces the uncertainty in the density of any specific bead and, therefore, improves the accuracy within the limits of the calibration standards used to characterize the distributions in density.
AAAI-86: Experimenting with a New Conference Format (1985)

During the fall of 1984, President Woodrow Bledwoe requested that the Conference Committee investiage the common complaint that the technical sessions at the National Conference had become too large for informal discussion, and too arcane to be relevant. This article describes the new conference format that was devised to address these complaints.
Trail Making Test Elucidates Neural Substrates of Specific Poststroke Executive Dysfunctions (2015)

In this multinational stroke cohort study, damage to lateral cholinergic pathways and the superior longitudinal fasciculus emerged as significant neuroanatomical correlates for executive deficits in set shifting.
Optical time reversal from time-dependent Epsilon-Near-Zero media (2018)

We provide an efficient surface time-reversal of the incident electric field in an ENZ material producing both phase-conjugated and negative refracted beams. The results obtained exploiting degenerate four-wave mixing show an efficiency conversion over 200%.
Rapid Synthesis of 1,3,5-Substituted 1,2,4-Triazoles from Carboxylic Acids, Amidines, and Hydrazines (2011)

A general method for the synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles has been developed from reaction of carboxylic acids, primary amidines, and monosubstituted hydrazines. This highly regioselective and one-pot process provides rapid access to highly diverse triazoles.
Synthesis, polymerization and structural characterization of a novel liquid crystalline side‐chain poly(vinyl ether) containing dicyanovinyl groups and displaying coexisting smectic phases (1996)

Abstract The synthesis and cationic polymerization of the new monomer 4‐(2,2‐dicyanovinyl)‐4′‐(11‐vinyloxyundecyloxy)biphenyl ( 6 ) is described. The dicyanovinyl group tolerated thermally initiated and photoinitiated cationic bulk polymerization using onium salts as well as the BF 3 · (EtO) 2 ‐initiated solution polymerization in CH 2 Cl 2 at −15°C. Monomer 6 was crystalline, whereas poly( 6 ) with increasing temperature exhibited coexisting S A d and S C phases, an S A d phase with extensive thermal stability and an isotropic phase. Poly( 6 ) exhibited a glass transition at 20°C.
p380-8A 1.8 SaSs, a single copy clone 5′ of c-mycat 8q24 which recognizes an SstI polymorphism (1987)

A genomic library of partially digested SAU 3A fragments was constructed in the lambda phage EMBL 3A from the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line 380 (Tsujimoto et al., 1984). A single copy 1.8 kb Sal I/Sst I fragment was iso- lated from the recombinant phage p380-8A and subcloned into pUC 19.
Management of Neuroinflammatory Responses to AAV-Mediated Gene Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases (2020)

Recently, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapies have attracted clinical interest for treating neurodegenerative diseases including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Canavan disease (CD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Friedreich’s ataxia (FA). The influx of clinical findings led to the first approved gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders in 2019 and highlighted new safety concerns for patients. Large doses of systemically administered AAV stimulate host immune responses, resulting in anti-capsid and anti-transgene immunity with implications for transgene expression, treatment longevity, and patient safety. Delivering lower doses directly to the central nervous system (CNS) is a promising alternative, resulting in higher transgene expression with decreased immune responses. However, neuroinflammatory responses after CNS-targeted delivery of AAV are a critical concern. Reported signs of AAV-associated neuroinflammation in preclinical studies include dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord pathology with mononuclear cell infiltration. In this review, we discuss ways to manage neuroinflammation, including choice of AAV capsid serotypes, CNS-targeting routes of delivery, genetic modifications to the vector and/or transgene, and adding immunosuppressive strategies to clinical protocols. As additional gene therapies for neurodegenerative diseases enter clinics, tracking biomarkers of neuroinflammation will be important for understanding the impact immune reactions can have on treatment safety and efficacy.
Comparative study of electrical properties of semi-insulating GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy and doped with Fe, C, or Mn (2023)

The electrical properties of semi-insulating GaN substrates doped with iron (Fe), carbon (C), or manganese (Mn) grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy are presented. Hall effect measurements were performed at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 K. At all of the investigated temperatures, the Mn-doped samples exhibited the highest resistivity. The Fe-doped samples showed n-type conduction, whereas the C-doped samples and the Mn-doped sample with a Mn concentration of 1 × 1019 cm−3 showed p-type conduction. A detailed analysis of the temperature dependence of the carrier concentration showed that all of the impurities formed acceptor levels at EC −(0.59–0.61) eV for Fe, at EV +(0.90–1.07) eV for C, and at EV +1.55 eV for Mn. The Mn-doped sample with a Mn concentration of 8 × 1017 cm−3 showed a negative Hall coefficient (suggesting n-type conduction) at high temperatures, contradicting the formation of acceptor levels by Mn. We successfully explained the negative value by considering the conduction of both holes and electrons with different mobilities. On the basis of the results, we calculated the relationship between the resistivity and doping concentration for each dopant. The calculations indicated that the highest resistivity can be realized in Mn-doped GaN with an optimized doping concentration (depending on the residual donor concentration). All of the dopants can effectively realize high resistivity at room temperature. Mn is an effective dopant for attaining high resistivity, especially at high temperatures (e.g., 800 K).
The Continuous Combinatorial Auction Architecture (2017)

The history of the continuous combinatorial auction marks the evolution of the mechanism. The concept of a combinatorial auction is due to Rassenti, Smith, and Bulfin (1982) who were motivated by the use of simultaneous ascending price auctions to allocate landing rights (Grether, Isaac, and Plott (1979 and subsequently published in 1989)). The ideas were generalized by Banks, Ledyard, and Porter (1989) to include the concept of a “standby queue” which serves a function similar to non-winning bids in the current system.
GSK6853, a Chemical Probe for Inhibition of the BRPF1 Bromodomain (2016)

The BRPF (Bromodomain and PHD Finger-containing) protein family are important scaffolding proteins for assembly of MYST histone acetyltransferase complexes. A selective benzimidazolone BRPF1 inhibitor showing micromolar activity in a cellular target engagement assay was recently described. Herein, we report the optimization of this series leading to the identification of a superior BRPF1 inhibitor suitable for in vivo studies.
Defining Physical Education: The Social Construction of a School Subject in Postwar Britain (1994)

Between the end of the Second World War and the present time, ideas about British Physical Education were created, and became established as orthodoxies and conventions. This book is about the forming of these ideas. It is also about the relationship between these ideas and beliefs more widely circulated in society, concerning the value and uses of sport and Physical Education in schools. It also examines the influence of these notions in the public debate about Physical Education which preceded the 1987 General Election.
Financial Services Industry Challenges and Innovation Opportunities (2019)

Financial services provide complex financial intermediation to match sources and uses of USD $262T of funds globally, generating an annual revenue of USD $5T. Retail Banking (35%), Corporate and Commercial Banking (30%), Wealth, Asset Management and Investment Banking (18%), Payments (14%), and Financial Market Infrastructure (3%) constitute the five major financial services in terms of the share of this revenue. This paper presents an industry viewpoint of the financial services challenges with a call for action to the R&D community through broad finance industry goals to advance smart financial services to meet the economic, societal, and individual needs.
Photoplastic stress analysis on cellulose acetate. 2nd report. Stress-strain-optic relations from the uniaxial compression and the biaxial tests. (1988)

In the previous paper, the authors reported the empirical formulas for photoplastic stress analysis using cellulose acetate under uniaxial tension. To confirm these formulas under other stress fields, the mechanical and optical behavior under biaxial and uniaxial compression of cellulose acetate was investigated precisely in this work. As a result, the yield stress and the yield fringe order under uniaxial compression were expressed by the same equations under uniaxial tension. Moreover, the uniaxial compression stress-strain-fringe order relations were represented in the same nondimensional forms under uniaxial tension, regardless of both strain rate and temperature. Similarly, these biaxial relations were obtained by substituting simply the difference of the principal stress and the difference of the principal strain into the stress and the strain in the uniaxial relations, respectively.