gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subcritical Elliptic Bursting of Bautin Type (2000)

Bursting behavior in neurons is a recurrent transition between a quiescent state and repetitive spiking. When the transition to repetitive spiking occurs via a subcritical Andronov--Hopf bifurcation and the transition to the quiescent state occurs via double limit cycle bifurcation, the burster is said to be of subcritical elliptic type. When the fast subsystem is near a Bautin (generalized Hopf) point, both bifurcations occur for nearby values of the slow variable, and the repetitive spiking has small amplitude. We refer to such an elliptic burster as being of local Bautin type. First, we prove that any such burster can be converted into a canonical model by a suitable continuous (possibly noninvertible) change of variables. We also derive a canonical model for weakly connected networks of such bursters. We find that behavior of such networks is quite different from the behavior of weakly connected phase oscillators, and it resembles that of strongly connected relaxation oscillators. As a result, such weakly connected bursters need few (usually one) bursts to synchronize. In-phase synchronization is possible for bursters having quite different quantitative features, whereas out-of-phase synchronization may be difficult to achieve. We also find that interactions between bursters depend crucially on the spiking frequencies. Namely, the interactions are most effective when the presynaptic interspike frequency matches the frequency of postsynaptic oscillations. Finally, we use the FitzHugh--Rinzel model to evaluate how studying local Bautin bursters can contribute to our understanding of the phenomena of subcritical elliptic bursting.
Aging and Sleep Apnea: Action of Benzodiazepine, Acetazolamide, Alcohol, and Sleep Deprivation in a Healthy Elderly Group (1984)

Ten nonobese, healthy elderly adults (M = 73.3 years) were monitored polygraphically during sleep for sleep state changes, breathing, and the development of cardiac arrhythmias. All participated in 2 baseline nights and 1 night of flurazepam 30 mg ingestion; six underwent 1 night of sleep deprivation; four received ethyl alcohol (.6 mg/kg); and four whose apnea worsened significantly with flurazepam 30 mg were pretreated for 3 days with acetazolamide, taking acetazolamide and flurazepam 30 mg on the fourth night. Elderly adults with an Apnea Index (the number of apneas per sleep hour) between 5 and 7 at baseline experienced a worsening of their apnea with each manipulation. Acetazolamide did not protect individuals whose Apnea Index increased after flurazepam ingestion. One person developed premature ventricular contractions in conjunction with an increased Apnea Index after each manipulation.
Josephson LSI fabrication technology using NbN/MgO/NbN tunnel junctions (1991)

Josephson LSI fabrication technology using NbN/MgO/NbN tunnel junctions has been developed. The deposition process of the NbN electrode was investigated to obtain high uniformity of the electrical properties. The deposition process of the MgO tunnel barrier was investigated to obtain high reproducibility of the Josephson critical current density. The NbN film with high T/sub c/ of 15 K was obtained. The reproducibility of the MgO deposition rate was improved. The 10-b instruction 128-word ROM unit chip was successfully fabricated using the NbN/MgO/NbN junction LSI technology with the 3- mu m design rule. The READ operation test was performed for a few 10-b words. The total access time was measured to be 710 ps. The uniformity and reproducibility of the critical current density in the LSI chip were improved.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Optical Properties of Oligo‐ and Poly(2,5‐dialkoxy‐1,4‐ para‐phenylenevinylene)s. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A stochastic finite-state morphological parser for Turkish (2009)

This paper presents the first stochastic finite-state morphological parser for Turkish. The non-probabilistic parser is a standard finite-state transducer implementation of two-level morphology formalism. A disambiguated text corpus of 200 million words is used to stochastize the morphotactics transducer, then it is composed with the morphophonemics transducer to get a stochastic morphological parser. We present two applications to evaluate the effectiveness of the stochastic parser; spelling correction and morphology-based language modeling for speech recognition.
[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Correlates With Akt Pathway Activity but Is Not Predictive of Clinical Outcome During mTOR Inhibitor Therapy (2009)

FDG-PET is not predictive of proliferative response to mTOR inhibitor therapy in both clinical and preclinical studies. Our findings suggest that mTOR inhibitors suppress the formation of mTORC2 complex, resulting in the inhibition of Akt and glycolysis independent of proliferation in a subset of tumors. Changes in FDG-PET may be a pharmacodynamic marker for Akt activation during mTOR inhibitor therapy. FDG-PET may be used to identify patients with persistent Akt activation following mTOR inhibitor therapy.
Incidence and characteristics of arterial thromboemboli in patients with COVID-19 (2021)

Presence of a composite metabolic syndrome profile may be associated with arterial clot formation in patients with COVID-19 infection.
Monolithic ESD protection for distributed high speed applications in 28-nm CMOS technology (2014)

A monolithic electrostatic discharge (ESD) input/output (IO) cell with multi-discharge paths is introduced. This protection cell is demonstrated in a 28 nm high-k metal-gate CMOS technology. The cell is formed as an integral part of the circuit interface, synthesized with IO circuit components for insitu protection in emerging high speed data rate signal processing systems-on-a-chip (SoCs). At the low IO operating voltage for these CMOS communication applications (< 0.9 V), the protection cell rapidly actives complementary discharge paths during the different ESD stress modes at the IO (< 100 ps), for achieving ESD robustness and low standing leakage at the highest circuit operation temperature (< 10 nA at 125 C).
Abstract B13: FGFR2 as a therapeutic target in squamous cell lung carcinoma (2012)

Abstract Squamous cell lung carcinoma (lung SCC)) is the second most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, with 40,000 new cases diagnosed every year in the United States. Unlike lung adenocarcinoma, few targetable genomic events are known drivers of lung SCC, and therefore, therapeutic options are limited for patients with this disease. As part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, we have analyzed the entire coding sequence of 196 lung SCCs for mutated genes which may be amenable to targeted therapeutics. In the 196 patient samples analyzed to date, we have observed mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) kinase gene in ten cases, or 5% of samples. The observed FGFR2 mutations are present in both the extracellular domain and the kinase domain of the protein, an observation that is consistent with activating mutations in FGFR2 that are known to drive endometrial cancer. We therefore hypothesized that these mutations are oncogenic and may be driving transformation in a subset of lung SCC patients. Expression of mutated FGFR2 in NIH-3T3 cells led to anchorage-independent colony formation, which was inhibited by treatment with the pan-FGFR inhibitor FIIN-1. A known mechanism of FGFR2 activation is the constitutive dimerization of receptors with mutated extracellular domains via intermolecular disulfide bond formation, and we have observed this phenomenon in two of our ECD mutants as well. These data suggest that both ECD and kinase mutations in the FGFR2 gene are sufficient to transform cells. This finding, along with recently published data suggesting that FGFR1 amplification is also able to drive lung SCC development, demonstrates that the FGFR family may be a promising therapeutic target in lung SCC.
Service Enabler Layer for 5G Verticals (2020)

With the emerging commercial deployments of 5G Network, the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) will be able to offer more significant network capabilities such as efficient ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), higher bandwidth for data transfer with enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and massive capacity to connect devices with massive Internet of Things (mIoT). MNOs are making huge investments to setup 5G Networks with an anticipation of growth in their revenues. However, MNOs may not see the return of investment through end user consumer base alone and may need additional revenue streams. Thus, 5G system has been designed to have advanced built-in features such as network slicing and edge computing, considering requirements from enterprise segments or vertical industries including healthcare, automotive, smart factories, mission critical communications, etc. To enable more rapid deployment of vertical services, the 5G deployments require fostering innovation at the application layer. With the growing needs of verticals industries, the operators are now focusing on enabling standards for vertical applications in 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a global standards forum for 5G. In this paper, the authors explain the Service Enabler Architecture Layer (SEAL) standard for 5G verticals and the services offered by the enabler layer. The paper also elaborates how the operators can leverage the SEAL to quickly develop and deploy vertical applications over the 5G Network.
RF antenna matching methods for radar cross section measurements (2003)

During RCS measurements, the monostatic mode generated escapes between emission and reception paths. Their minimization leads us to consider the antenna matching problem. Direct matching with a multiplexing system and an equivalent circuit with a differential system are proposed. The second solution has no frequency-band limitation and gives a very good emission-reception isolation.
Amyloid‐β activates NLRP3 inflammasomes by affecting microglial immunometabolism through the Syk‐AMPK pathway (2022)

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation is considered one of major factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In particular, inflammasome activation, including NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia, is regarded as fundamental for the pro‐inflammatory response of immune cells (Hanslik &amp; Ulland, 2020). Aβ functions to primarily activate microglia in AD and reports have been made that Aβ can activate NLRP3 inflammasome(Halle et al., 2008). However, the precise molecular mechanism through which the NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with AD pathologies remains unclear. Method Primary microglia were treated with LPS and Aβ, and the induced signaling pathway were examined by RT‐PCR, western blot and immunostaining. Effect of flufenamic acid (FA) were examined and various inhibitors of Syk, AMPK and NLRP3 were used for the verification of the hypothesis. AD mouse model expressing Aβ and tau pathology were intraperitoneally treated with FA. After behavior tests, their brains were obtained for western blot and immunostaining. Result Aβ activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia by activating Syk and inhibiting AMPK. Deactivated AMPK induces metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species formation, leading to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, flufenamic acid (FA), a member of non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs, was found to effectively inhibit activation of the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating Syk and AMPK. Importantly, FA has marked therapeutic effects on major AD pathologies including amyloid plaque formation, tau phosphorylation, gliosis and memory dysfunction in vivo in microglia‐dependent way. Conclusion The molecular mechanism of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Aβ was demonstrated to be Syk‐AMPK pathway. Also, FA can be repurposed for inhibiting microglial activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a potential treatment for AD. *References Hanslik, K. L., &amp; Ulland, T. K. (2020). The Role of Microglia and the Nlrp3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer’s Disease. Frontiers in Neurology , 11 . Halle, A., Hornung, V., Petzold, G. C., Stewart, C. R., Monks, B. G., Reinheckel, T., Fitzgerald, K. A., Latz, E., Moore, K. J., &amp; Golenbock, D. T. (2008). The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid‐β. Nature immunology , 9 (8), 857.
Europium-activated phosphors containing oxides of rare-earth and group-IIIB metals and method of making the same (2023)

Europium-activated phosphors comprise oxides of at least a rare-earth metal selected from the group consisting of gadolinium, yttrium, lanthanum, and combinations thereof and at least a Group-IIIB metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, and combinations thereof. A method for making such phosphors comprises adding at least a halide of at least one of the selected Group-IIIB metals in a starting mixture. The method further comprises firing the starting mixture in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The phosphors produced by such a method exhibit improved absorption in the UV wavelength range and improved quantum efficiency.
Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in TGF‐β1‐induced Tropoelastin Expression by Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2009)

Chronic exposure to solar UV radiation causes marked changes in the dermal extracellular matrix that underlie the loss of resiliency and increased laxity observed in photoaged skin. In particular, the dermal elastin content increases substantially and the normal, well-organized elastic fibers are replaced by amorphous elastotic material. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) stimulates synthesis of elastin by dermal fibroblasts and may mediate the increase in elastin in chronically photodamaged skin. We investigated pathways involved in the TGF-beta1-induced increase in tropoelastin (TE), the soluble elastin monomer and assessed the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of TE mRNA. Antioxidants and an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase blocked TGF-beta1-induced TE mRNA increase even when added 1.5 h after TGF-beta1, although ROS were detected for only 30 min. The TE mRNA increase required activation of Smad4, shown using Smad4 siRNA, and also involved the ERK1/2, p38 and JNK MAP kinases but not PI3K. ROS did not enhance signaling through Smad2 but did enhance activation of p38 and ERK1/2 at 10 min after TGF-beta1. These results indicate that Smad and MAPK pathways mediate TGF-beta1-induced TE expression and that ROS are required for both early signal transduction and later steps that increase elastin.
Data from Opposing Effects of Toll-like Receptor (TLR3) Signaling in Tumors Can Be Therapeutically Uncoupled to Optimize the Anticancer Efficacy of TLR3 Ligands (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Many cancer cells express Toll-like receptors (TLR) that offer possible therapeutic targets. Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid [poly(A:U)] is an agonist of the Toll-like receptor TLR3 that displays anticancer properties. In this study, we illustrate how the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects of this agent can be uncoupled to therapeutic advantage. We took advantage of two TLR3-expressing tumor models that produced large amounts of CCL5 (a CCR5 ligand) and CXCL10 (a CXCR3 ligand) in response to type I IFN and poly(A:U), both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Conventional chemotherapy or &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; injection of poly(A:U), alone or in combination, failed to reduce tumor growth unless an immunochemotherapeutic regimen of vaccination against tumor antigens was included. CCL5 blockade improved the efficacy of immunochemotherapy, whereas CXCR3 blockade abolished its beneficial effects. These findings show how poly(A:U) can elicit production of a range of chemokines by tumor cells that reinforce immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects. Optimizing the anticancer effects of TLR3 agonists may require manipulating these chemokines or their receptors. Cancer Res; 70(2); 490–500&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Compact 120 Frames/sec UHDTV2 Camera with 35mm PL Mount Lens (2014)

Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) has been researching and developing Super Hi-Vision, the 7680 × 4320-pixel (UHDTV2) version of ultrahigh-definition television, for future broadcasting. Last year, NHK and Shizuoka University as a collaborative work, developed a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with 120 frame/sec, 33 megapixels, and a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter in conformance to the highest resolution and frame frequency specified in the Recommendation of the International Telecommunications Union Recommendations Section, broadcasting service (television) series 2020. NHK also developed a 120 frame/sec 3-chip color camera equipped with this image sensor. In this paper, NHK \recently developed a 120 frame/sec 33-megapixel single-chip color CMOS image sensor and a compact UHDTV2 camera head equipped with this image sensor. Because the width, height, and depth are about 5, 5, and 6-in., respectively, and it weighs only 4.5 lbs, it was significantly smaller and lighter than conventional UHDTV2 cameras. The optical size of the image sensor is 25mm in its diameter, and the camera head is compatible with super 35mm PL(positive-lock mount lenses for various cameras for digital cinema.
Space-time hierarchical occlusion culling for micropolygon rendering with motion blur (2010)

Occlusion culling using a traditional hierarchical depth buffer, or z-pyramid, is less effective when rendering with motion blur. We present a new data structure, the tz-pyramid, that extends the traditional z-pyramid to represent scene depth values in time. This temporal information improves culling efficacy when rendering with motion blur. The tz-pyramid allows occlusion culling to adapt to the amount of scene motion, providing a balance of high efficacy with large motion and low cost in terms of depth comparisons when motion is small. Compared to a traditional z-pyramid, using the tz-pyramid for occlusion culling reduces the number of micropolygons shaded by up to 3.5x. In addition to better culling, the tz-pyramid reduces the number of depth comparisons by up to 1.4x.
Supplementary Table 1 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors
Supplementary Data from Targeting APLN/APLNR Improves Antiangiogenic Efficiency and Blunts Proinvasive Side Effects of VEGFA/VEGFR2 Blockade in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Text and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of surface roughness on glossiness of a 5052 aluminum alloy (2003)

In this paper, the effects of topography with different rough surfaces on glossiness are investigated experimentally in order to characterize a surface texture of an aluminum alloy A5052–H34. The surface texture of aluminum alloy is determined by the glossiness and the three factors of surface roughness: arithmetical mean Ra, period of roughness profile and slopes of the roughness. The surface of sample used in the experiment has different rough surfaces due to different cutting process. The topography of sample was measured by using a mechanical stylus profilometry. The periodic of roughness was evaluated by mean width of the profile elements RSm. The experimental results showed that the glossiness slightly increased as Ra decreased. As glossiness increased, RSm decreased. These means that the surface with low amplitudes and short wavelengths of the roughness results in high glossiness values. Moreover, histogram of the reflection angle calculated roughness profile showed that the specular reflection values of glossiness decreased as the diffuse reflection values increased. Thus the local slopes of the roughness correlate strongly with the glossiness. These results clearly verified that the proposed method for evaluating the surface texture of aluminum alloy was effective.
Cycloaddition Reactions and Dendritic Polymer Architectures – A Perfect Match (2007)

Abstract Summery: The potential of cycloaddition (CA) reactions for the synthesis of dendritic polymers is pointed out. The [4 + 2] Diels Alder cycloaddition as well as 1,3‐dipolar CA reactions including “click chemistry” are addressed, and the advantages of these reactions like high selectivity, thus high tolerance towards additional functionalities, high yields and synthesis under mild reaction conditions are highlighted. New perfectly branched dendrimers as well as hyperbranched polymers have been prepared and modified using the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azines with alkynes. The 1,3‐dipolar CA reaction of bisazine with maleimides results in hyperbranched and thus, irregular and broadly distributed polymers though with a degree of branching of 100% due to special intermediate formation. The [4 + 2] Diels Alder cycloaddition was successfully applied for the synthesis of highly branched polyphenylene structures using the AB 2 + AB and the A 2 + B 3 approach. CA reactions are also very suitable for highly efficient polymer analogous reactions and thus, they can also be used to prepare complex polymer architectures like dendronized polymers.
Data from AGS16F Is a Novel Antibody Drug Conjugate Directed against ENPP3 for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; New cancer-specific antigens are required for the design of novel antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) that deliver tumor-specific and highly potent cytotoxic therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Suppression subtractive hybridization identified ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 (ENPP3 or CD203c) as a potential human cancer-specific antigen. Antibodies targeting the extracellular domain of human ENPP3 were produced and selected for specific binding to ENPP3. Expression of ENPP3 in normal and cancer tissue specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ADCs comprising anti-ENPP3 Ab conjugated with maleimidocaproyl monomethyl auristatin F via a noncleavable linker (mcMMAF) were selected for therapeutic potential using binding and internalization assays, cytotoxicity assays, and tumor growth inhibition in mouse xenograft models. Pharmacodynamic markers were evaluated by IHC in tissues and ELISA in blood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; ENPP3 was highly expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: 92.3% of samples were positive and 83.9% showed high expression. By contrast, expression was negligible in normal tissues examined, with the exception of the kidney. High expression was less frequent in papillary renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma samples. AGS16F, an anti-ENPP3 antibody–mcMMAF conjugate, inhibited tumor growth in three different renal cell carcinoma (RCC) xenograft models. AGS16F localized to tumors, formed the active metabolite Cys-mcMMAF, induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, and increased blood levels of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18, a marker of epithelial cell death.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; AGS16F is a promising new therapeutic option for patients with RCC and is currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1989–99. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;