gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handoscopic Surgery (1999)

<h3>Hypothesis</h3> We hypothesized that hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (a new technique that involves a surgeon's hand passing through a pneumoperitoneum-protecting sleeve device and assisting in laparoscopic surgery) is feasable and outcomes are comparable to purely laparoscopic procedures in selected cases. <h3>Design</h3> A prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, noncontrolled study was conducted with the participation of expert laparoscopic surgeons. <h3>Setting</h3> Academic and community medical centers in 16 states. <h3>Patients</h3> Any patient 18 years or older requiring abdominal surgery and determined to be suitable for laparoscopic surgery. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Incision size, duration of the procedure, conversion rate to an open technique, detection of subtle disease, return of bowel function, length of hospital stay, complication rate, and subjective evaluation. <h3>Results</h3> The device was used in 58 patients for 24 different procedures, most commonly during colectomy (n=21) and splenectomy (n=7). Twenty-two percent of cases required conversion to open technique because of failure to maintain pneumoperitoneum or failure to complete the anticipated operation by this method. Average incision size was 7.6 cm. Mean duration of all procedures was 223 minutes (range, 110-415 minutes) and for nonconverted procedures was 178 minutes (range, 65-540 minutes). Preoperatively undetectable, subtle disease was palpated in 14 patients (24%). Mean length of hospital stay for all patients was 7.9 days and for the nonconverted group was 6.7 days. Twenty-four percent of patients developed complications, most commonly either wound complications (n=4) or prolonged ileus (n=3). In 58% of cases, surgeons thought that the technique shortened surgery, and 88% of surgeons found the technique "helpful" in all the completed procedures. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This technique seems to be a useful tool in the management of cases that either are too complex or take too long to be managed with purely minimally invasive techniques. To further define the potential benefits of this technique in selected procedures, prospective randomized trials are needed.
Scalable Recollections for Continual Lifelong Learning (2019)

Given the recent success of Deep Learning applied to a variety of single tasks, it is natural to consider more human-realistic settings. Perhaps the most difficult of these settings is that of continual lifelong learning, where the model must learn online over a continuous stream of non-stationary data. A successful continual lifelong learning system must have three key capabilities: it must learn and adapt over time, it must not forget what it has learned, and it must be efficient in both training time and memory. Recent techniques have focused their efforts primarily on the first two capabilities while questions of efficiency remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we consider the problem of efficient and effective storage of experiences over very large time-frames. In particular we consider the case where typical experiences are O(n) bits and memories are limited to O(k) bits for k
Targeted Recruitment of Rpd3 Histone Deacetylase Represses Transcription by Inhibiting Recruitment of Swi/Snf, SAGA, and TATA Binding Protein (2002)

Certain DNA-binding repressors inhibit transcription by recruiting Rpd3 histone deacetylase complexes to promoters and generating domains of histone deacetylation that extend over a limited number of nucleosomes. Here, we show that the degree of Rpd3-dependent repression depends on the activator and the level of activation, not the extent of histone deacetylation. In all cases tested, activator binding is unaffected by histone deacetylation. In contrast, Rpd3-dependent repression is associated with decreased occupancy by TATA binding protein (TBP), the Swi/Snf nucleosome-remodeling complex, and the SAGA histone acetylase complex. Transcriptional repression is bypassed by direct recruitment of TBP and several TBP-associated factors, but not by natural activation domains or direct recruitment of polymerase II holoenzyme components. These results suggest that the domain of localized histone deacetylation generated by recruitment of Rpd3 mediates repression by inhibiting recruitment of chromatin-modifying activities and TBP.
Practical Limits of Multi-Tone Signaling Over High-Speed Backplane Electrical Links (2007)

Application of Discrete Multi-tone (DMT) signaling to high-speed backplane interconnects requires major modifications to the well-known analysis methods applied to wireline communication systems. Tight power budgets in backplane links impose severe constraints on DMT block size and use of channel shortening filters in the system. Consequently, maximum throughput is achieved in a DMT system that is (residual) interference limited and water-filling is not applicable in its original form. In this paper, the DMT system is cast as a Second Order Conic (SOQ problem with peak transmit power as the constraint and optimum integer bit-loading and power allocation are achieved through a novel incremental integer bit-loading algorithm. The convex framework is subsequently used to find "practical" upper bounds on the performance of multi-tone signaling over highspeed links. The results indicate that DMT has the potential to achieve 15-23 Gbps over typical backplane channels and system requirements in terms of FFT block size and prefix length are obtained.
Influence of pH on Extracellular Matrix Preservation During Lung Decellularization (2014)

The creation of decellularized organs for use in regenerative medicine requires the preservation of the organ extracellular matrix (ECM) as a means to provide critical cues for differentiation and migration of cells that are seeded onto the organ scaffold. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of varying pH levels on the preservation of key ECM components during the decellularization of rat lungs. Herein, we show that the pH of the 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS)-based decellularization solution influences ECM retention, cell removal, and also the potential for host response upon implantation of acellular lung tissue. The preservation of ECM components, including elastin, fibronectin, and laminin, were better retained in the lower pH conditions that were tested (pH ranges tested: 8, 10, 12); glycosaminoglycans were preserved to a higher extent in the lower pH groups as well. The DNA content following decellularization of the rat lung was inversely correlated with the pH of the decellularization solution. Despite detectible levels of cyotoskeletal proteins and significant residual DNA, tissues decellularized at pH 8 demonstrated the greatest tissue architecture maintenance and the least induction of host response of all acellular conditions. These results highlight the effect of pH on the results obtained by organ decellularization and suggest that altering the pH of the solutions used for decellularization may influence the ability of cells to properly differentiate and home to appropriate locations within the scaffold, based on the preservation of key ECM components and implantation results.
Factoring nonviral gene therapy into a cure for hemophilia A. (2008)

Gene therapy for hemophilia A has fallen short of success despite several clinical trials conducted over the past decade. Challenges to its success include vector immunogenicity, insufficient transgene expression levels of Factor VIII, and inhibitor antibody formation. Gene therapy has been dominated by the use of viral vectors, as well as the immunogenic and oncogenic concerns that accompany these strategies. Because of the complexity of viral vectors, the development of nonviral DNA delivery methods may provide an efficient and safe alternative for the treatment of hemophilia A. New types of nonviral strategies, such as DNA integrating vectors, and the success of several nonviral animal studies, suggest that nonviral gene therapy has curative potential and justifies its clinical development.
THE USE OF THE ANTI-VENOM SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES ISOLATED FROM DUCK EGGS FOR INACTIVATION OF THE VIPER VENOM (2008)

The activity of specific anti-venom can be demonstrated using protection test in laboratory mice. Our study aimed to emphasize the possibility of viper venom inactivation by the antibodies produced and isolated from duck eggs and also to the activation concentration of these antibodies. The venom used for inoculation was harvested from two viper species (Vipera ammodytes and Vipera berus). The immunoglobulin extract had a better activity on the venom from Vipera berus compared to the venom from Vipera ammodytes. This could be the result of a better immunological response, as consequence of the immunization with this type of venom, compared to the response recorded when the Vipera ammodytes venom was used. Besides the advantages of low cost, high productivity and reduced risk of anaphylactic shock, the duck eggs also have high activity up to dilutions of 1/16, 1/32, respectively, with specific activity and 100 surviving in individuals which received 3 x DL50.
Unveiling the immune infiltrate modulation in cancer and response to immunotherapy by MIXTURE—an enhanced deconvolution method (2020)

The accurate quantification of tumor-infiltrating immune cells turns crucial to uncover their role in tumor immune escape, to determine patient prognosis and to predict response to immune checkpoint blockade. Current state-of-the-art methods that quantify immune cells from tumor biopsies using gene expression data apply computational deconvolution methods that present multicollinearity and estimation errors resulting in the overestimation or underestimation of the diversity of infiltrating immune cells and their quantity. To overcome such limitations, we developed MIXTURE, a new ν-support vector regression-based noise constrained recursive feature selection algorithm based on validated immune cell molecular signatures. MIXTURE provides increased robustness to cell type identification and proportion estimation, outperforms the current methods, and is available to the wider scientific community. We applied MIXTURE to transcriptomic data from tumor biopsies and found relevant novel associations between the components of the immune infiltrate and molecular subtypes, tumor driver biomarkers, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, intratumor heterogeneity, cytolytic score, programmed cell death ligand 1 expression, patients' survival and response to anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapy.
The 'Eclectic review.' (1899)

The 'Eclectic review.' Get access Henry Taylor Henry Taylor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-III, Issue 55, 14 January 1899, Page 27, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-III.55.27f Published: 14 January 1899
New ferroelectric liquid crystals having a trifluoromethyl group at the asymmetric centre and a three-ring heterocyclic core (1993)

Abstract New ferroelectric liquid crystals with a trifluoromethyl group at the asymmetric centre and a three-ring heterocyclic core have been synthesized. These compounds possessed a large spontaneous polarization and exhibited a S∗c phase over a wide temperature range. Their properties were largely affected by the structure of the spacer group and the core part.
Review: On-demand maintenance therapy with proton pump inhibitors is as effective as continuous therapy for nonerosive GERD (2007)

Source Citation Pace F, Tonini M, Pallotta S, Molteni P, Porro GB. Systematic review: maintenance treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with proton pump inhibitors taken ‘on-demand’. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:195-204. 17593065
Infection Associated With Hematoma Formation After Shoulder Arthroplasty (2008)

Level IV, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Resistance Spikes at Transitions Between Quantum Hall Ferromagnets (2000)

We report a manifestation of first-order magnetic transitions in two-dimensional electron systems. This phenomenon occurs in aluminum arsenide quantum wells with sufficiently low carrier densities and appears as a set of hysteretic spikes in the resistance of a sample placed in crossed parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields, each spike occurring at the transition between states with different partial magnetizations. Our experiments thus indicate that the presence of magnetic domains at the transition starkly increases dissipation, an effect also suspected in other ferromagnetic materials. Analysis of the positions of the transition spikes allows us to deduce the change in exchange-correlation energy across the magnetic transition, which in turn will help improve our understanding of metallic ferromagnetism.
FPGA-based Accelerators of Fully Pipelined Modular Multipliers for Homomorphic Encryption (2019)

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is an important cryptographic primitive which allows privacy preserving computations. Current HE schemes are all based on modular arithmetic. Modular multiplication (ModMult) is one of the most frequently used modular operations, but in practice it is often prohibitively slow due to a reduction operation with high computational complexity. To address this speed problem, we demonstrate a set of novel FPGA-based accelerators for fully pipelined ModMults in this paper. For a high-throughput integer multiplier (IntMult) in the ModMult designs, digital signal processing (DSP) slices on FPGAs are efficiently exploited with optimized IntMult designs. For the full RNS-HEAAN scheme, which is our target HE scheme, our proposed Barrett ModMult design is optimized using specific moduli and extended to the Shoup ModMult algorithm. Our proposed Barrett and Shoup ModMult designs implemented on a Xilinx Virtex UltraScale FPGA show a 2 × shorter delay, 14× higher throughput at the same frequency, and 3× higher throughput/DSP than the previous non-fully pipelined Barrett ModMult design on average. In particular, our Barrett ModMult design with the specific moduli shows the highest throughput/DSP value although precomputation required in the Shoup ModMult design is not used. Compared with a reference software implementation, our ModMult designs show 679× faster average processing speeds when we deploy multiple ModMult cores that fully use DSP slices on our target FPGA.
The patella ligament insertion angle influences quadriceps usage during walking of anterior cruciate ligament deficient patients (2007)

Following ACL injury a reduction in the peak knee flexion moment during walking (thought to be created by a decrease of quadriceps contraction) has been described as an adaptation to reduce anterior tibial translation (ATT) relative to the femur. However, the amount of ATT caused by quadriceps contraction is influenced by the patellar ligament insertion angle (PLIA). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that quadriceps usage during walking correlates to individual anatomical variations in the extensor mechanism as defined by PLIA. PLIA and gait were measured for ACL-deficient knees, using subjects' contralateral knees as controls. In ACL-deficient knees, PLIA was negatively correlated (R2 = 0.59) to peak knee flexion moment (balanced by net quadriceps moment), while no correlation was found in contralateral knees. Reduction in peak flexion moment in ACL-deficient knees compared to their contralateral knees was distinctive in subjects with large PLIA, possibly to avoid excessive ATT. These results suggest that subject-specific anatomic variability of knee extensor mechanism may account for the individual variability previously observed in adaptation to a quadriceps reduction strategy following ACL injury. The average (+/-1 SD) PLIA of ACL-deficient knees (21.1 +/- 3.4 degrees) was less than the average PLIA of contralateral knees (23.9 +/- 3.1 degrees). This altered equilibrium position of the tibiofemoral joint associated with reduced PLIA and adaptations of gait patterns following ACL injury may be associated with degenerative changes in the articular cartilage. In the future, individually tailored treatment and rehabilitation considering individuals' specific extensor anatomy may improve clinical outcomes.
Supra-additive effect of IMO-4200, a novel TLR7 and TLR8 dual agonist, with rituximab and cytotoxics in preclinical models of hematologic malignancies. (2011)

e13076 Background: IMO-4200, a dual agonist of toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8, induces potent Th-1 immune responses and exerts significant antitumor effects in a number of tumor models. In this study, we evaluated IMO-4200 in combination with rituximab and bendamustine or rituximab and fludarabine in human lymphoma xenograft models. Methods: Mice implanted IV with Ramos cells were treated with IMO-4200 50 mg/kg SC every other day x 5, rituximab 10 mg/kg IP every other day x 5, both agents or saline control starting at day 8. The addition of bendamustine 15 mg/kg IP daily x 3 was then tested. In a second experiment in human B-cell lymphoma Raji xenografts, we used fludarabine 250 mg/kg IP instead of bendamustine plus 4 additional IMO-4200 injections. In a third set of experiments conducted in vitro, we monitored the impact of IMO-4200 on rituximab-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) and direct apoptosis of the tumor cells. Results: The table shows that IMO-4200 significantly increased survival when added to rituximab alone and when combined with both rituximab and either cytotoxic. In addition, IMO-4200 enhanced the ADCC of rituximab on Raji and Granta human lymphoma cell lines. It also sensitized human B-cell lymphoma Ramos cells to rituximab-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: IMO-4200 enhances the antitumor activity of rituximab and standard cytotoxic agents used in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or other hematologic malignancies. IMO-4200 has been selected as the lead candidate for clinical development. Bendamustine Fludarabine Median survival (days) P value vs. control Median survival (days) P value vs. control Control 23 18 – IMO-4200 25 0.233 ND – Rituximab 36 <0.01 24 <0.01 IMO-4200 + rituximab 45 0.012* 29 <0.01* Cytotoxic agent + rituximab 49 <0.01* 32 <0.01* IMO-4200 + rituximab + cytotoxic agent 59 0.026† 37 0.012† * vs rituximab; † vs rituximab + cytotoxic agent; ND, not done.
Measurement of enzymatic and motile activities of Arabidopsis myosins by using Arabidopsis actins (2017)

There are two classes of myosin, XI and VIII, in higher plants. Myosin XI moves actin filaments at high speed and its enzyme activity is also very high. In contrast, myosin VIII moves actin filaments very slowly with very low enzyme activity. Because most of these enzymatic and motile activities were measured using animal skeletal muscle α-actin, but not plant actin, they would not accurately reflect the actual activities in plant cells. We thus measured enzymatic and motile activities of the motor domains of two Arabidopsis myosin XI isoforms (MYA2, XI-B), and one Arabidopsis myosin VIII isoform (ATM1), by using three Arabidopsis actin isoforms (ACT1, ACT2, and ACT7). The measured activities were different from those measured by using muscle actin. Moreover, Arabidopsis myosins showed different enzymatic and motile activities when using different Arabidopsis actin isoforms. Our results suggest that plant actin should be used for measuring enzymatic and motile activities of plant myosins and that different actin isoforms in plant cells might function as different tracks along which affinities and velocities of each myosin isoform are modulated.
Interstitial electrolyte infusion creates a liquid electrode for controlled application of high power radiofrequency energy (2002)

Conventional techniques of applying radiofrequency (RF) energy for thermotherapeutic purposes is limited by small lesion size, tissue desiccation and high electrical impedance. A new method has been developed which allows controllable production of small to very large lesions. This technique modifies the electric field within the tissue by interstitially infusing hypertonic saline during the application of RF energy. The present study was conducted to determine the spread of saline in prostate and resultant impedance changes. A 26 gauge needle with 5 mm exposed metal tip was inserted into the prostate of 10 canines. Impedance measurements were made between the two recording electrodes placed 12 mm apart, with the infusion electrode at the center. Hypertonic saline (14.6% NaCl) with a 35% mixture of a radiocontrast agent (Hypaque) was continuously infused at 2 ml/min through the needle electrode into the tissue for 10 minutes. Fluoroscopic images taken concomitantly with impedance measurements, were analyzed for intensity and spread of the saline concentration field. The developed concentration field was seen to modify the impedance characteristics, thereby indicating the creation of the saline-liquid electrode. This research has facilitated the development of RF hyperthermic treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia in humans.
Single-Conformation Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectroscopy of Model Synthetic Foldamers:  β-Peptides Ac-β3-hPhe-NHMe and Ac-β3-hTyr-NHMe (2008)

The conformational preferences and infrared and ultraviolet spectral signatures of two model beta-peptides, Ac-beta3-hPhe-NHMe (1) and Ac-beta3-hTyr-NHMe (2), have been explored under jet-cooled, isolated molecule conditions. The mass-resolved, resonant two-photon ionization spectra of the two molecules were recorded in the region of the S0-S1 origin of the phenyl or phenol ring substituents, respectively. UV-UV hole-burning spectroscopy was used to determine that two conformations of 1 are present, with the transitions due to conformer A, with S0-S1 origin at 34431 cm(-1), being almost 20 times larger than those due to conformer B, with S0-S1 origin at 34404 cm(-1). Only one conformation of 2 was observed. Resonant ion-dip infrared spectroscopy provided single-conformation infrared spectra in the 3300-3700 cm(-1) region. The spectra of conformer A of both molecules have H-bonded and free amide NH stretch infrared transitions at 3400 and 3488 cm(-1), respectively, while conformer B of 1 possesses bands at 3417 and 3454 cm(-1). For comparison with experiment, full optimizations of all low-lying minima of 1 were carried out at the DFT B3LYP/6-31+G* and RIMP2/aug-cc-pVDZ levels of theory, and single point MP2/6-31+G* calculations at the DFT geometries. On the basis of the comparison with previous studies in solution and the calculated results, conformer A of 1 and 2 were assigned to a C6 conformer, while conformer B of 1 was assigned to a unique C8 structure with a weak intramolecular H-bond. The reasons for the preference for C6 over C8 structures and the presence of only two conformations in the jet-cooled spectrum are discussed in light of the predictions from calculations.