gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Prognostics Method Under Time-Varying Operating Conditions (2015)

In this paper, we develop an integrated prognostics method considering a time-varying operating condition, which integrates physical gear models and sensor data. By taking advantage of stress analysis in finite element modeling (FEM), the degradation process governed by Paris' law can adjust itself immediately to respond to the changes of the operating condition. The capability to directly relate the load to the damage propagation is a key advantage of the proposed integrated prognostics approach over the existing data-driven methods for dealing with time-varying operating conditions. In the proposed method, uncertainties in material parameters are considered as sources responsible for randomness in the predicted failure life. The joint distribution of material parameters is updated as sensor data become available. The updated distribution better characterizes the material parameters, and reduces the uncertainty in life prediction for the specific individual unit under condition monitoring. The update process is realized via Bayesian inference. To reduce the computational effort, a polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) collocation method is applied in computing the likelihood function in the Bayesian inference and the predicted failure time distribution. Examples based on crack propagation in a spur gear tooth are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, the example also shows that the proposed approach is effective even when the current loading profile is different from the loading profile under which historical data were collected.
Lower and Upper Critical Ordering Temperatures in Compressible Diblock Copolymer Melts from a Perturbed Hard-Sphere-Chain Equation of State (1998)

The random-phase approximation is combined with the perturbed hard-sphere-chain (PHSC) equation of state for copolymer systems to represent the microphase separation transition in compressible diblock copolymer melts. The PHSC equation of state takes into account the equation-of-state effect that results from differences in compressibility between pairs of segments comprising a diblock copolymer; these differences favor demixing. Upon increasing the temperature of a microphase-separated diblock copolymer melt, theory first predicts an order-to-disorder transition that corresponds to the upper-critical-solution-temperature behavior in the binary blend of parent homopolymers. At conditions where the equation-of-state effect is significant, theory also predicts a disorder-to-order transition at further elevated temperature that follows closely the lower-critical-solution-temperature behavior in the binary blend containing the parent homopolymers. To compare theory with experiment, we obtain the binary interaction parameter between copolymer segments from the coexistence curve for the binary blend of parent homopolymers. Predicted microphase-separation-transition temperatures of diblock copolymer melts are compared with experiment for styrene-based diblock copolymer melts including poly(styrene-block-n-butyl methacrylate) melts that show both order-to-disorder and disorder-to-order transitions. We also discuss the pressure dependence of order-to-disorder transition temperatures of styrene-based diblock copolymer melts. Theory and experiment show semiquantitative agreement.
A Prospective Trial on the Effect of Body Mass Index and Gender on Plasma Octreotide Levels in Patients Undergoing Long Term Therapy With Octreotide LAR (2010)

Background: Octreotide and its long acting form Octreotide LAR are widely used to control the symptoms of patients with functional neuroendocrine tumors. Unfortunately, most patients escape control over time and require higher LAR doses or more frequent rescue therapy to remain asymptomatic. Previous work has shown that body weight and monthly LAR dose will significantly affect circulating plasma octreotide levels in patient undergoing therapy. Methods: To determine the parameters that change circulating plasma octreotide levels we prospectively studied 82 (43 F/39M) patients undergoing long term LAR therapy. Results: Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the plasma octreotide level decreases by approximately 3.4 percent for each unit that the BMI increases (p-value = 0.030), adjusting for gender and monthly LAR dose. Similarly, plasma octreotide levels for females were about 47.6 percent higher than males (p-value = 0.045), adjusting for BMI and monthly LAR dose. Conclusions: Initial and subsequent octreotide LAR doses should take into consideration gender and BMI. Males are estimated to require 14.1 mg (SD = 7.25) higher monthly LAR dose than females with the same BMI. Also the monthly LAR dose should be increased by 1.3 mg (SD = 0.62) for each unit of BMI increase to achieve the same plasma octreotide level. We have shown that octreotide plasma levels are affected not only by LAR dose but also BMI and gender. We have further estimated the adjustments necessary to obtain adequate octreotide levels depending on individual patient characteristics. We hope this will make initial and subsequent Octreotide LAR dosing easier for physicians in the clinical setting.
VISUALIZATION AND STATISTICAL COMPARISONS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES USING PACKAGES ON PHYLOCHIP DATA (2010)

This article explains the statistical and computational methodology used to analyze species abundances collected using the LNBL Phylochip in a study of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in rats. Some tools already available for the analysis of ordinary microarray data are useful in this type of statistical analysis. For instance in correcting for multiple testing we use Family Wise Error rate control and step-down tests (available in the multtest package). Once the most significant species are chosen we use the hypergeometric tests familiar for testing GO categories to test specific phyla and families. We provide examples of normalization, multivariate projections, batch effect detection and integration of phylogenetic covariation, as well as tree equalization and robustification methods.
Emerging therapeutic strategies for unmet need in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (2023)

Abstract Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, such as ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab and faricimab have revolutionized the clinical management of nAMD. However, there remains an unmet clinical need for new and improved therapies for nAMD, since many patients do not respond optimally, may lose response over time or exhibit sub-optimal durability, impacting on real world effectiveness. Evidence is emerging that targeting VEGF-A alone, as most agents have done until recently, may be insufficient and agents that target multiple pathways (e.g., aflibercept, faricimab and others in development) may be more efficacious. This article reviews issues and limitations that have arisen from the use of existing anti-VEGF agents, and argues that the future may lie in multi-targeted therapies including alternative agents and modalities that target both the VEGF ligand/receptor system as well as other pathways.
Deep-Reinforcement Learning Multiple Access for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2017)

This paper investigates the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in a MAC protocol for heterogeneous wireless networking referred to as Deep-reinforcement Learning Multiple Access (DLMA). The thrust of this work is partially inspired by the vision of DARPA SC2, a 3-year competition whereby competitors are to come up with a clean-slate design that "best share spectrum with any network(s), in any environment, without prior knowledge, leveraging on machine-learning technique". Specifically, this paper considers the problem of sharing time slots among a multiple of time-slotted networks that adopt different MAC protocols. One of the MAC protocols is DLMA. The other two are TDMA and ALOHA. The nodes operating DLMA do not know that the other two MAC protocols are TDMA and ALOHA. Yet, by a series of observations of the environment, its own actions, and the resulting rewards, a DLMA node can learn an optimal MAC strategy to coexist harmoniously with the TDMA and ALOHA nodes according to a specified objective (e.g., the objective could be the sum throughput of all networks, or a general alpha-fairness objective).
Effect of pan-inhibitory somatostatin analogues, topotecan and bortezomib on the human enterochromaffin neoplastic cell line KRJ-I (2006)

13144 Background: Effective therapeutic options to inhibit the growth and limit the spread of carcinoid tumors are limited. Somatostatin (SST) analogs that target specific SST receptors, though often effective at alleviating the symptoms of carcinoid disease, have limited cytostatic effects on carcinoid tumor cells. The anti-proliferative activity of 2 pan-inhibitory SST analogues and lanreotide were evaluated using the human small intestinal carcinoid cell line KRJ-I. The effects of novel cytotoxic agents used in Phase II carcinoid clinical trials, topotecan (topoisomerase-I inhibitor) and bortezomib (proteasomal inhibitor), were also measured. Methods: The SST receptor profile of KRJ-1 cells was determined using hybridization to U133A chips and confirmed by real time PCR with Taqman probes for SSTR 1–5 . KRJ-1 cells in serum-free medium were treated with 100 pM to 10 μM of the SST pan inhibitory analogs, BIM-23A719 and BIM-23A779, or lanreotide (BIM-23014C) and 1nM to 1 μM of topotecan or bortezomib for 72 hrs. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2 yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate proliferation which was expressed relative to control cells (no agent added). Results: KRJ-I cells co-express mRNA for SSTR 2 and SSTR 3 (mean levels ± SEM 0.48 ± 0.13 and 0.73 ± 0.19 copy/copy GAPDH respectively). BIM-23A719 inhibited growth maximally (15 ± 2% of control) at IC max = 10 pM, whereas BIM-23A779 inhibited growth maximally (11 ± 1% of control) at 100 pM. Lanreotide had no significant inhibitory effect on cell growth and resulted in increased MTT conversion at high concentrations (10 μM). Topotecan and bortezomib inhibited growth maximally at 23 ± 1.5%; IC max = 50 nM and 32 ± 1.6%; IC max = 50 nM respectively. Conclusions: Cytotoxic agents are more effective but less sensitive than pan-inhibitory somatostatin analogues for the inhibition of proliferation of the small intestinal carcinoid KRJ-I cell line. The specific SSTR 2/3/5 analogue, lanreotide, had no inhibitory effect on KRJ-I proliferation. These results suggest that the KRJ-I cell line is more sensitive to analogues targeting a pan-somatostatin receptor profile than cytotoxic agents. The former may have potential as adjuvant agents for treatment of GI carcinoid tumors. [Table: see text]
Analysis of induced pluripotent stem cells carrying 22q11.2 deletion (2016)

Abstract Given the complexity and heterogeneity of the genomic architecture underlying schizophrenia, molecular analyses of these patients with defined and large effect-size genomic defects could provide valuable clues. We established human-induced pluripotent stem cells from two schizophrenia patients with the 22q11.2 deletion (two cell lines from each subject, total of four cell lines) and three controls (total of four cell lines). Neurosphere size, neural differentiation efficiency, neurite outgrowth, cellular migration and the neurogenic-to-gliogenic competence ratio were significantly reduced in patient-derived cells. As an underlying mechanism, we focused on the role of DGCR8 , a key gene for microRNA (miRNA) processing and mapped in the deleted region. In mice, Dgcr8 hetero-knockout is known to show a similar phenotype of reduced neurosphere size (Ouchi et al. , 2013). The miRNA profiling detected reduced expression levels of miRNAs belonging to miR-17/92 cluster and miR-106a/b in the patient-derived neurospheres. Those miRNAs are reported to target p38α, and conformingly the levels of p38α were upregulated in the patient-derived cells. p38α is known to drive gliogenic differentiation. The inhibition of p38 activity by SB203580 in patient-derived neurospheres partially restored neurogenic competence. Furthermore, we detected elevated expression of GFAP , a gliogenic (astrocyte) marker, in postmortem brains from schizophrenia patients without the 22q11.2 deletion, whereas inflammation markers ( IL1B and IL6 ) remained unchanged. In contrast, a neuronal marker, MAP2 expressions were decreased in schizophrenia brains. These results suggest that a dysregulated balance of neurogenic-to-gliogenic competence may underlie neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia.
Explaining Bayesian Networks in Natural Language: State of the Art and Challenges (2020)

In order to increase trust in the usage of Bayesian networks and to cement their role as a model which can aid in critical decision making, the challenge of explainability must be faced. Previous attempts at explaining Bayesian networks have largely focused on graphical or visual aids. In this paper we aim to highlight the importance of a natural language approach to explanation and to discuss some of the previous and state of the art attempts of the textual explanation of Bayesian Networks. We outline several challenges that remain to be addressed in the generation and validation of natural language explanations of Bayesian Networks. This can serve as a re- search agenda for future work on natural language explanations of Bayesian Networks.
Regulatory Compliance and the Correlation to Privacy Protection in Healthcare (2012)

Recent government-led efforts and industry-sponsored privacy initiatives in the healthcare sector have received heightened publicity. The current set of privacy legislation mandates that all parties involved in the delivery of care specify and publish privacy policies regarding the use and disclosure of personal health information. The authors’ study of actual healthcare privacy policies indicates that the vague representations in published privacy policies are not strongly correlated with adequate privacy protection for the patient. This phenomenon is not due to a lack of available technology to enforce privacy policies, but rather to the will of the healthcare entities to enforce strong privacy protections and their interpretation of minimum compliance obligations. Using available information systems and data mining techniques, this article describes an infrastructure for privacy protection based on the idea of policy refinement to allow the transition from the current state of perceived to be privacy-preserving systems to actually privacy-preserving systems.
Facilitated Transport of Molecular Oxygen in Membranes of Macromolecular Cobalt-Porphyrin Complex: Modification of Dual-Mode Transport Model (1988)

Abstract Transport of molecular oxygen is facilitated in poly(butyl methacrylate) membranes containing the cobalt(II)-α,α′,α″,α′″-meso-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin-1-methylimidazole (CoPIm) complex which forms oxygen adduct rapidly and reversibly. The facilitated transport of oxygen is studied by modifying a dual-mode transport model for gas permeation. The diffusion coefficient of oxygen via the fixed CoPIm complexes (Langmuir mode) is assumed to depend on oxygen concentration, and the modified dual-mode transport equation is described for the permeation steady state. The modified equation represents the effect of upstream oxygen pressure on the permeability. The oxygen permeation behavior through the macromolecular-metal complex membrane is discussed.
Testosterone and the prostate (2012)

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Address Block Location with a Neural Net System (1993)

We developed a system for finding address blocks on mail pieces that can process four images per second. Besides locating the address block, our system also determines the writing style, handwritten or machine printed, and moreover, it measures the skew angle of the text lines and cleans noisy images. A layout analysis of all the elements present in the image is performed in order to distinguish drawings and dirt from text and to separate text of advertisement from that of the destination address.

A speed of more than four images per second is obtained on a modular hardware platform, containing a board with two of the NET32K neural net chips, a SPARC2 processor board, and a board with 2 digital signal processors. The system has been tested with more than 100,000 images. Its performance depends on the quality of the images, and lies between 85% correct location in very noisy images to over 98% in cleaner images.
Enhancement of single‑photon emission from nitrogen‑vacancy centers with TiN/(Al,Sc)N hyperbolic metamaterial (2014)

Abstract The broadband enhancement of single‑photon emission from nitrogen‐vacancy centers in nanodiamonds coupled to a planar multilayer metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion is studied experimentally. The metamaterial is fabricated as an epitaxial metal/dielectric superlattice consisting of CMOS‐compatible ceramics: titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum scandium nitride (Al x Sc 1‐x N). It is demonstrated that employing the metamaterial results in significant enhancement of collected single‑photon emission and reduction of the excited‐state lifetime. Our results could have an impact on future CMOS‐compatible integrated quantum sources. image
Junction-temperature measurements in GaN UV light-emitting diodes using the diode forward voltage (2005)

A theoretical model for the dependence of the diode forward voltage (V/sub f/) on junction temperature (T) is developed. A new expression for dV/sub f//dT is derived that takes into account all relevant contributions to the temperature dependence of the forward voltage including the intrinsic carrier concentration, the bandgap energy, and the effective density of states. Experimental results on the junction temperature of GaN UV LEDs are presented. Excellent agreement between the theoretical and experimental temperature coefficient of the forward voltage (dV/sub f//dT) is found. The experimentally found linear dependence of the junction temperature on forward current is explained by a thermal conduction model. A thermal resistivity of 342.2 K/W is found for the UV LED.
2-terminal metal halide semiconductor/C-silicon multijunction solar cell with tunnel junction (2023)

A 2-terminal multi-junction solar cell having a thin film of metal halide semiconductor as the top solar-cell material and crystalline silicon as the bottom solar-cell material. In the illustrative embodiment, the top solar-cell material is a perovskite of the form AM(IxH1-x)3, where A is a cation, preferably methylammonium (CH3NH3), formamidinium ([R2N—CH═NR2]+), or cesium; M is metal, preferably Pb, Sn, Ge; H is a halide, preferably Br or Cl; and x=iodine fraction, in the range of 0 to 1, inclusive. The integration of the two solar-cell materials is enabled by the use of a tunnel junction composed of indirect band-gap material.
Power quality with green energy, DDC, and inductively powered EV's (2011)

This paper is concerned with the infrastructure required for electric vehicles (EV) as society moves towards a future where transportation is less dependent on oil, while producing less carbon dioxide, and less pollution. In this future EV's will become a substantial load on the grid and it is important that this load improves the power quality rather than makes it worse. Here EV's are inductively charged allowing opportunity charging at multiple points when stationary, and continuous power when moving along the highway. Using Dynamic Demand Control (DDC) the charging load is shown to be beneficial to the grid and suggestions are made on how wind power (or other) Distributed Generation (DG) can assist using DDC to bolster rural power supplies for this purpose. A new protocol combining DG and DDC (DGDC) allows high penetration of wind and simulations are presented to show its effectiveness producing wind power at grid voltage and frequency for small communities, and regulating load in areas of interest in cities. This power can displace conventional power in all applications, including EV charging, while improving the load factor and quality of the grid.
Study of Basic Injection Configurations using a Direct-Injection Hydrogen Research Engine (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The application of hydrogen (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) as an internal combustion (IC) engine fuel has been under investigation for several decades. The favorable physical properties of hydrogen make it an excellent alternative fuel for fuel cells as well as IC engines and hence it is widely regarded as the energy carrier of the future. The potential of hydrogen as an IC engine fuel can be optimized by direct injection (DI) as it provides multiple degrees of freedom to influence the in-cylinder combustion processes and consequently the engine efficiency and exhaust emissions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper studies a single-hole nozzle and examines the effects of injection strategy on engine efficiency, combustion behavior and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions. The experiments for this study are done on a 0.5 liter single-cylinder research engine which is specifically designed for combustion studies and equipped with a cylinder head that allows side as well as central injector location. A single-hole nozzle was placed in central location next to the spark plug and the fuel jets were oriented in a variety of different directions. Tests were conducted at different load points for all the injector orientations and the effects of varying the start of injection (SOI) timing on engine efficiency, combustion durations and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions were studied. The results show that the engine efficiency and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions are sensitive to the orientation of the fuel jets and the sensitivity varies with respect to different load conditions.&lt;/div&gt;
Mass Spectrometry Studies of the Binding of the Minor Groove-Directed Alkylating Agent Alkamin to AT-Tract Oligonucleotides (2008)

Minor groove binding alkylating agents, which have potential as cancer drugs, generate cytotoxic DNA adducts that are relatively resistant to repair as a consequence of locating covalent attachment at purine N3 nitrogen atoms. Recently, we used electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry to study the binding of the minor groove-directed polybenzamide bis-half-mustard alkamin, and its monofunctional analogue alkamini, to the oligonucleotide d(CGCGAATTCGCG)(2), identifying a number of inter- and intrastrand alkamin cross-links involving the GAATTC sequence [ Abdul Majid , A. M. S. , Smythe , G. , Denny , W. A. , and Wakelin , L. P. G. ( 2007 ) Mol. Pharmacol. 71 , 1165 - 1178 ]. Here, we extend these studies to d(CGCAAATTTGCG)(2), A3T3, and d(CGCAAAAAAGCG).d(CGCTTTTTTGCG), A6/T6, in which the opportunity for both inter- and intrastrand cross-linking is enhanced. We find that both ligands alkylate all adenines in the longer AT-tracts, as well as the abutting guanines, whether they are in the same strand as the adenines or not, in a manner consistent with covalent attack on purine N3 atoms from the minor groove. Alkamin forms intrastrand cross-links involving A4 and A6 and A6 and G10 in A3T3 and all of the purines in the A6/T6 purine tract, including G10. In addition, it forms interstrand cross-links between A4, A5, A6 and A4', A5', A6', between G10 and the latter adenines in A3T3, and between G22 and adenines A5 and A6 in A6/T6. The reactivity of the abutting guanines provides unexpected opportunities for both inter- and intrastrand cross-linking by alkamin, such as the interstrand cross-link in the CAAAAAAG sequence. We conclude that positioning monofunctional mustard groups on either end of a minor groove-directed polybenzamide has the capacity to enhance interstrand cross-links at all manner of AT-tracts, including most in which the adenines are all in one strand.