gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk Alleles of USF1 Gene Predict Cardiovascular Disease of Women in Two Prospective Studies (2006)

Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor controlling several critical genes in lipid and glucose metabolism. Of some 40 genes regulated by USF1, several are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the USF1 gene has been shown to have a critical role in the etiology of familial combined hyperlipidemia, which predisposes to early CVD, the gene's potential role as a risk factor for CVD events at the population level has not been established. Here we report the results from a prospective genetic-epidemiological study of the association between the USF1 variants, CVD, and mortality in two large Finnish cohorts. Haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms exposing all common allelic variants of USF1 were genotyped in a prospective case-cohort design with two distinct cohorts followed up during 1992-2001 and 1997-2003. The total number of follow-up years was 112,435 in 14,140 individuals, of which 2,225 were selected for genotyping based on the case-cohort study strategy. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, we observed an association of USF1 with CVD and mortality among females. In combined analysis of the two cohorts, female carriers of a USF1 risk haplotype had a 2-fold risk of a CVD event (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-3.53; p = 0.01) and an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.52; 95% CI 1.46-4.35; p = 0.0009). A putative protective haplotype of USF1 was also identified. Our study shows how a gene identified in exceptional families proves to be important also at the population level, implying that allelic variants of USF1 significantly influence the prospective risk of CVD and even all-cause mortality in females.
CHIP Suppresses Polyglutamine Aggregation and ToxicityIn VitroandIn Vivo (2005)

Huntington's disease (HD) and other polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal accumulation of the disease protein, suggesting that the cellular ability to handle abnormal proteins is compromised. As both a cochaperone and ubiquitin ligase, the C-terminal Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70)-interacting protein (CHIP) links the two major arms of protein quality control, molecular chaperones, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here, we demonstrate that CHIP suppresses polyQ aggregation and toxicity in transfected cell lines, primary neurons, and a novel zebrafish model of disease. Suppression by CHIP requires its cochaperone function, suggesting that CHIP acts to facilitate the solubility of mutant polyQ proteins through its interactions with chaperones. Conversely, HD transgenic mice that are haploinsufficient for CHIP display a markedly accelerated disease phenotype. We conclude that CHIP is a critical mediator of the neuronal response to misfolded polyQ protein and represents a potential therapeutic target in this important class of neurodegenerative diseases.
Sign-MAML: Efficient Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning by SignSGD (2021)

We propose a new computationally-efficient first-order algorithm for Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML). The key enabling technique is to interpret MAML as a bilevel optimization (BLO) problem and leverage the sign-based SGD(signSGD) as a lower-level optimizer of BLO. We show that MAML, through the lens of signSGD-oriented BLO, naturally yields an alternating optimization scheme that just requires first-order gradients of a learned meta-model. We term the resulting MAML algorithm Sign-MAML. Compared to the conventional first-order MAML (FO-MAML) algorithm, Sign-MAML is theoretically-grounded as it does not impose any assumption on the absence of second-order derivatives during meta training. In practice, we show that Sign-MAML outperforms FO-MAML in various few-shot image classification tasks, and compared to MAML, it achieves a much more graceful tradeoff between classification accuracy and computation efficiency.
Compressed sensing for energy-efficient wireless telemonitoring: Challenges and opportunities (2013)

As a lossy compression framework, compressed sensing has drawn much attention in wireless telemonitoring of biosignals due to its ability to reduce energy consumption and make possible the design of low-power devices. However, the non-sparseness of biosignals presents a major challenge to compressed sensing. This study proposes and evaluates a spatio-temporal sparse Bayesian learning algorithm, which has the desired ability to recover such non-sparse biosignals. It exploits both temporal correlation in each individual biosignal and inter-channel correlation among biosignals from different channels. The proposed algorithm was used for compressed sensing of multichannel electroencephalographic (EEG) signals for estimating vehicle drivers' drowsiness. Results showed that the drowsiness estimation was almost unaffected even if raw EEG signals (containing various artifacts) were compressed by 90%.
A Genetic Solution for the Traveling Salesman Problem by Means of a Thermodynamical Selection Rule (1997)

For successful applications of the genetic algorithm, there are two important points to be considered. The first point is the design of the fitness landscape introduced by the representation of the solution as a chromosome and searching operations such as crossover and mutation. The second is control of the convergence brought about by the selection operation. In the conventional implementation of GA, these two points are mutually dependent, i.e., a suitable selection pressure varies largely depending on, e.g., the crossover operator. Hence, it requires much trial-and-error effort to find a nice configuration of GA. In the present paper, the authors apply a novel selection rule, the Thermodynamical Genetic Algorithm (TDGA) proposed by Mori et al. to the traveling salesman problem (TSP), and propose an adaptive annealing schedule of the temperature in TDGA. Computer simulation with several crossover operators for TSP shows that TDGA reduces the mutual dependency between the fitness landscape and the convergence process. Furthermore, TDGA is applied to a hybrid algorithm which combines GA with the 2-opt method, a local search technique. The effectiveness of the TDGA in the hybrid approach is also confirmed through a comparison with other methods for solving the TSP.
Combination treatment of interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin in comparison to interferon monotherapy in treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 patients. (1999)

In chronic hepatitis C patients infected with genotype 4, combination therapy with interferon-alpha and ribavirin was more effective than treatment with interferon monotherapy. At the end of the follow-up, about 50% of patients in both groups were still viraemic though their ALT remained normal.
Valence states and magnetic properties of LaNi1-xMnxO3 (for 0⩽x⩽0.2 and x=0.5) (1984)

Single-phase LaNi 1-x Mn x O 3 samples in the compositional range 0&lt;or=x&lt;or=0.2 were prepared by the decomposition of precursor hydroxide solid solutions, and La 2 NiMnO 6 was prepared from a mixture of carbonates. All the samples contained a disordered array of nickel and manganese ions. X-ray absorption and XPS measurements indicate the presence of Mn(III) and Ni(III) valence states at room temperature for x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.5. Magnetic susceptibility data suggest Mn 4+ solute ions and Stoner-enhanced Pauli paramagnetism of the metallic solvent for x=0.01 with a smooth transition to Mn 3+ solute ions and a spontaneously magnetised solvent conduction band at x=0.05. Below 200K, the x=0.05 sample forms superparamagnetic clusters, and below 40K there is evidence for an antiferromagnet spin-density wave. Comparisons with LaCo 0.95 Mn 0.05 O 3 and La 0.98 Sr 0.02 CoO 3 confirm that the long-range magnetic coupling occurs via solvent electrons in a narrow conduction band. The conductivity changes from that of a narrow-band metal for x&lt;0.01 to that more characteristic of diffusive motion for x&gt;0.05, but any motional enthalpy appears to remain small ( Delta H m approximately=0). The x=0.1 sample exhibits ferrimagnetic spin glass behaviour below 40K, and the ferromagnetic interactions increase with manganese concentration. The oxide with x=0.50 is ferromagnetic with a well defined Curie temperature.
Effect of the Precipitation of Neutral-Soap, Acid-Soap, and Alkanoic Acid Crystallites on the Bulk pH and Surface Tension of Soap Solutions (2007)

The natural pH of sodium dodecanoate (laurate), NaL, and sodium tetradecanoate (myristate), NaMy, solutions is measured as a function of the surfactant concentrations at 25 degrees C, and at several fixed NaCl concentrations. Surface tension isotherms are also obtained. Depending on the surfactant concentration, the investigated solutions contain precipitates of alkanoic acid, neutral soap, and acid soaps. The latter are complexes of alkanoic acid and neutral soap with a definite stoichiometry. A method for identification of the different precipitates from the experimental pH isotherms is developed. It is based on the analysis of precipitation diagrams, which represent plots of characteristic functions. This analysis reveals that for the NaL solutions there are three concentration regions with different precipitates, including lauric acid and 1:1 acid soap. In the case of NaMy solutions, we identified the existence of concentration regions with precipitates of myristic acid: 4:1, 3:2, and 1:1 acid soaps, and coexistence of two solid phases: 1:1 acid soap and neutral soap. The solubility products of the precipitates have been determined. Modeling the acid soaps of different stoichiometry as solid solutions of alkanoic acid and 1:1 acid soap, we derived a theoretical expression for their solubility products, which agrees well with the experiment. The kinks in the surface-tension isotherms of the investigated solutions correspond to some of the boundaries between the regions with different precipitates in the bulk. The theoretical analysis indicates that for the NaL solutions the adsorption layer is composed mostly of lauric acid, while for the NaMy solutions + 10 mM NaOH the adsorption layer is composed of nondissociated molecules of neutral soap. The developed approach could be applied to analyze the type of precipitates and the behavior of the surface tension for solutions of sodium and potassium alkanoates with different chain lengths at various temperatures and concentrations.
Maximizing reliable performance of advanced CMOS circuits&#x2014;A case study (2014)

We consider in detail the aspects of maximizing application performance while maintaining its sufficient reliability on the specific case of serially connected nFETs. Serially connected nFETs used in some digital CMOS applications, such as SRAM decoder circuits, and dynamic logic, are vulnerable to Positive Bias Temperature Instability (PBTI). Here we discuss the impact of PBTI frequency and workload on high-k/metal gate nFETs in terms of Capture and Emission Time (CET) maps and quantitatively explain the degradation of our test circuit. This constitutes one of the first validations of the CET map-based methodology on a real silicon circuit. From individual trapping events in deeply scaled nFETs we then project PBTI distributions at 10 years. We further show that at increased supply voltage the serially connected nFET speed degradation is outweighed by signal transfer speedup, resulting in a net performance improvement. Finally, we discuss other degradation mechanisms and conclude the reliability in the studied case will be limited by hard gate oxide breakdown.
A Novel Approach for Predicting P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) Inhibition Using Molecular Interaction Fields (2011)

P-glycoprotein (Pgp or ABCB1) is an ABC transporter protein involved in intestinal absorption, drug metabolism, and brain penetration, and its inhibition can seriously alter a drug's bioavailability and safety. In addition, inhibitors of Pgp can be used to overcome multidrug resistance. Given this dual purpose, reliable in silico procedures to predict Pgp inhibition are of great interest. A large and accurate literature collection yielded more than 1200 structures; a model was then constructed using various molecular interaction field-based technologies, considering pharmacophoric features and those physicochemical properties related to membrane partitioning. High accuracy was demonstrated internally with two different validation sets and, moreover, using a number of molecules, for which Pgp inhibition was not experimentally available but was evaluated in-house. All of the validations confirmed the robustness of the model and its suitability to help medicinal chemists in drug discovery. The information derived from the model was rationalized as a pharmacophore for competitive Pgp inhibition.
GSR Sock: A New e-Textile Sensor Prototype (2011)

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) is a measure of skin conductivity that has been extensively linked to emotional stress and activation. Emotional reactions often cause increased sweat gland activity in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, making skin more conductive in these areas. This paper presents a novel e-textile prototype for measuring GSR from the foot using conductive fabric electrodes embedded in a standard sock. The prototype was tested using both a standard psycho-physiological monitoring system and a wearable sensing unit. The results show that the sock prototype provides a meaningful measure of GSR activity that can be used unobtrusively in daily monitoring.
Synthesis of (±)‐Tetrapetalone A‐Me Aglycon (2014)

Abstract The first synthesis of (±)‐tetrapetalone A‐Me aglycon is described. Key bond‐forming reactions include Nazarov cyclization, a ring‐closing metathesis promoted with complete diastereoselectivity by a chiral molybdenum‐based complex, tandem conjugate reduction/intramolecular aldol cyclization, and oxidative dearomatization.
Coupling Between Highly Conducting and Permeable Metallic Objects in the EMI Frequency Range (2004)

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensing, from 10's of Hz up to 100's of kHz, is emerging as one of the most promising remote sensing technologies for detection and discrimination of buried metallic objects, particularly unexploded ordinance (UXO). For a single homogenous target it has been shown that the scattered EMI signal strongly depends on an object's geometry and its electromagnetic parameters. Most if not all UXO contain different kinds of metal. Additionally, UXO sites are often highly contaminated with metallic clutter. Methods are currently needed to distinguish dangerous objects, such as UXO, from innocuous clutter. Recently, analysis of broadband EMI responses from multiple objects has demonstrated significant interaction between them. The main goal of the paper is to investigate interaction phenomena between highly conducting and permeable metallic objects in the EMI frequency range. Numerical results are compared with experimental data for canonical geometries (spheres and cylinders). The results indicate when and how interaction affects the EMI responses and provides guidance for use of this understanding for future target discrimination purposes.
Regulated de novo biosynthesis of fibrinogen in extrahepatic epithelial cells in response to inflammation (2004)

Hepatic fibrinogen (FBG) is upregulated during an acute phase response (APR) induced by glucocorticoids and interleukin (IL)-6. Furthermore, intestine and lung epithelium synthesize FBG after exposure to inflammatory mediators, and both plasma and lung cell-derived FBG, along with fibronectin, assemble in detergent-insoluble extracellular matrices (ECM) of pneumocytes and fibroblasts independent of thrombin or plasmin cleavage. An epitope cryptic in soluble FBG (beta(15-21)) but exposed in matrix-FBG and fibrin induces cell proliferation and actin cytoskeleton reorganization during wound repair and angiogenesis. Although fibrin(ogen) is involved in hemostasis and homeostasis, mechanisms regulating extrahepatic FBG expression remain unexplored. Herein we examined FBG production by lung compared to liver epithelial cell lines in response to dexamethasone (DEX)+IL-6. Regulated synthesis of HepG2-FBG follows the pathway shown for constitutive synthesis by liver epithelium. Constitutive A549-FBG expression was not detectable, however, intracellular FBG precursors in DEX+IL-6-treated A549 lung cells were similar to HepG2 cells with two notable exceptions. The relative rate of chain synthesis in HepG2 cells was unequal, whereas nascent synthesis of all three chains occurred at equivalent rates in stimulated A549 cells. Unlike HepG2 cells, which rapidly secreted intact FBG, nascent dimeric FBG accumulated in the A549 cell-associated fraction prior to release into medium. Furthermore, soluble A549-FBG was susceptible to thrombin and plasmin cleavage. Interestingly, many functionally diverse proteins possess FBG-related domains that direct cell-fate determination during development or wound repair, suggesting that extrahepatic FBG biosynthesis evoked only during inflammation plays such a role during localized injury and repair to restore tissue homeostasis.
Blood consult: granulocyte transfusions to treat invasive aspergillosis in a patient with severe aplastic anemia awaiting mismatched hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (2011)

A 16-year-old girl presented to her physician with easy bruising during contact sports. Laboratory evaluation revealed an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 554/mm3, platelet count of 11 000/mm3, and hemoglobin of 7.5 g/dL with an absolute reticulocyte count of 21 600/mm3. She was referred to the
Enhanced Sum Frequency Generation from a Monolayer Adsorbed on a Composite Dielectric/Metal Substrate (2002)

A composite dielectric/metal substrate, consisting of a thin mica sheet backed with a gold film, has been employed to enhance the intensity of sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFS) signals arising from model monolayers of octadecylsiloxane (ODS) adsorbed at the mica/air interface. In addition to enhanced intensities in comparison to SF spectra of ODS on mica sheets without gold backing, resonant line profiles were found to vary as a function of the thickness of the mica component of the composite substrate. This experimental result concurs with a recent theoretical study of the composite substrate which showed that interference between SF signals arising from the ODS monolayer and from the displaced gold surface results in variations in the resonant phase of the SF vibrational mode. The interference phase/thickness effect has been investigated for several composite samples, each containing a series of steps of well-defined mica thicknesses. A periodic relationship between the mica thickness and the measured interference phase was observed for both the symmetric (r+) and antisymmetric (r-) methyl stretching modes of the ODS monolayers. The empirically determined periodicities were 3.3 and 3.1 μm for the r+ and r- resonances, respectively. These values agree within error with one of two theoretically predicted periodicities, namely, 3.01 μm. Scatter in the experimental data however is symptomatic of a more complicated interference phase/thickness behavior involving the second shorter theoretically predicted periodicity (162 nm). These experimental observations have been examined in the light of the theoretical model used to simulate the composite substrate. It is concluded that the shorter periodicity component (162 nm) is more susceptible to variations in experimental parameters such as distributions of incident beam angles, nonplanarity of mica, etc. and is partially “averaged out” to leave the less susceptible long periodicity component (3.01 μm) dominant.
Protective Effect of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid against Aggravation of Renal Injury Caused by High Salt Intake in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity (2022)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the inhibitory neurotransmitters. Several studies have suggested that GABA supplements can reduce blood pressure and modulate the renal immune system in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the effect of GABA-enriched salt as an alternative to traditional salt on aggravated renal injury by high salt intake in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity mice. High salt intake accelerated the increase of biomarkers, such as blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels for renal injury in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity mice. However, oral administration of GABA-contained salt notably suppressed serum BUN and creatinine levels. The efficacy of GABA salt was superior to lacto GABA salt and postbiotics GABA salt. Furthermore, GABA-enriched salt markedly restored histological symptoms of nephrotoxicity including renal hypertrophy, tubular dilation, hemorrhage, and collagen deposition aggravated by salt over-loading in cisplatin-exposed mice. Among them, GABA salt showed a higher protective effect against cisplatin-induced renal histological changes than lacto GABA salt and postbiotics GABA salt. In addition, administration of high salt significantly enhanced expression levels of apoptosis and inflammatory mediators in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity mice, while GABA-enriched salt greatly down-regulated the expression of these mediators. Taken together, these results demonstrate the protective effect of GABA against damage caused by high salt intake in cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. Its mechanism may be due to the suppression of hematological and biochemical toxicity, apoptosis, and inflammation. In conclusion, although the protective efficacy of GABA salt on renal injury is different depending on the sterilization and filtration process after fermentation with <i>L</i>. <i>brevis</i> BJ20 and <i>L</i>. <i>plantarum</i> BJ21, our findings suggest that GABA-enriched salt has a beneficial effect against immoderate high salt intake-mediated kidney injury in patients with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
High-Q applicators for microwave processes in material science (2010)

For years the positive effect of employing microwave energy in material processing has been observed in multiple reactions, where it leads to shorter processing time in comparison to the conventional methods. However, in a large part of the reported experiments over-size, low-Q cavities and low spectrum purity magnetrons were employed as microwave power applicators and power sources respectively. This raises some doubts regarding the accuracy of described results as the equipment makes it particularly difficult to precisely control crucial parameters of such processes. The authors of this paper suggest a more systematic approach based on high-Q, single-mode microwave power applicators aimed at formulating a one-to-one relationship between the individual microwave-assisted process characteristics and the properties of the final product. An example TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">010</sub> cavity for sintering of silicon-based composites (e.g. Si-diamond) is designed and initially verified by means of coupled multiphysics thermodynamic-electromagnetic modeling.