gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Somatosensory responses in a human motor cortex (2013)

Somatic sensory signals provide a major source of feedback to motor cortex. Changes in somatosensory systems after stroke or injury could profoundly influence brain computer interfaces (BCI) being developed to create new output signals from motor cortex activity patterns. We had the unique opportunity to study the responses of hand/arm area neurons in primary motor cortex to passive joint manipulation in a person with a long-standing brain stem stroke but intact sensory pathways. Neurons responded to passive manipulation of the contralateral shoulder, elbow, or wrist as predicted from prior studies of intact primates. Thus fundamental properties and organization were preserved despite arm/hand paralysis and damage to cortical outputs. The same neurons were engaged by attempted arm actions. These results indicate that intact sensory pathways retain the potential to influence primary motor cortex firing rates years after cortical outputs are interrupted and may contribute to online decoding of motor intentions for BCI applications.
On-line cursive handwriting recognition using speech recognition methods (2002)

A hidden Markov model (HMM) based continuous speech recognition system is applied to on-line cursive handwriting recognition. The base system is unmodified except for using handwriting feature vectors instead of speech. Due to inherent properties of HMMs, segmentation of the handwritten script sentences is unnecessary. A 1.1% word error rate is achieved for a 3050 word lexicon, 52 character, writer-dependent task and 3%-5% word error rates are obtained for six different writers in a 25,595 word lexicon, 86 character, writer-dependent task. Similarities and differences between the continuous speech and on-line cursive handwriting recognition tasks are explored; the handwriting database collected over the past year is described; and specific implementation details of the handwriting system are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A project to experimentally and theoretically examine fluid interfacial wave phenomena in a rotating cylindrical geometry: Current results and future plans (1987)

A prototype of the new instrument for experimentally studying stratified fluid wave phenomena in a rotating cylindrical geometry, both of infinitesimal and nonlinear forms, has been designed, built, and partially characterized. Furthermore, a model for analyzing the use of control forces to eliminate infinitesimal instabilities from the fluid/mechanical system has been developed and used. Finally, a nonlinear model for analyzing forced interfacial waves has been defined and steps are currently being taken to implement that model. 28 refs., 50 figs., 7 tabs.
Response and survival benefit with chemoimmunotherapy in Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (2017)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a haematologic malignancy with poor prognosis when treated with chemotherapy. We evaluated response and survival benefits of chemoimmunotherapy in EBV-positive DLBCL patients. A total of 117 DLBCL patients were included in our retrospective analysis; 33 were EBV-positive (17 treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone [R-CHOP] and 16 with CHOP), and 84 were EBV-negative (all treated with R-CHOP). The outcomes of interest were complete response (CR) and overall survival (OS) in EBV-positive DLBCL patients (R-CHOP versus CHOP) and in DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP (EBV-positive vs EBV-negative). There were no differences in the clinical characteristics between EBV-positive and EBV-negative DLBCL patients. Among EBV-positive DLBCL patients, R-CHOP was associated with higher odds of CR (OR 3.14, 95% CI 0.75-13.2; P = .10) and better OS (hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09-0.94; P = .04). There were no differences in CR rate (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.18-1.56; P = .25) or OS (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.32-2.67; P = .89) between EBV-positive and EBV-negative DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP. Based on our study, the addition of rituximab to CHOP is associated with improved response and survival in EBV-positive DLBCL patients. Epstein-Barr virus status does not seem to affect response or survival in DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP.
Light Delivery System for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2009)

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) technology needs a light delivery system with an incorporated near-field transducer (NFT) as a minute heat generator. A novel system for light delivery with a triangular spot size converter (SSC) and an optical fiber is proposed. The advantages of using a triangular SSC are optical efficiency and integration tolerance between the optical fiber and the NFT. It also has good affinity to conventional head fabrication process. The optical fiber enables flexible laser location. It was confirmed that fabricated triangular SSC can propagate light and reduce beam spot. Computer simulations and experiments demonstrated possibility of integration of light delivery system between NFT, SSC, and optical fiber. Flyability of a pico slider with an optical fiber was also demonstrated. It shows that the optical fiber does not have a big impact on flyability below 10 nm flying height and off-track vibration.
Data compression: effect on diagnostic accuracy in digital chest radiography. (1991)

High-resolution digital images make up very large data sets that are relatively slow to transmit and expensive to store. Data compression techniques are being developed to address this problem, but significant image deterioration can occur at high compression ratios. In this study, the authors evaluated a form of adaptive block cosine transform coding, a new compression technique that allows considerable compression of digital radiographs with minimal degradation of image quality. To determine the effect of data compression on diagnostic accuracy, observer tests were performed with 60 digitized chest radiographs (2,048 x 2,048 matrix, 1,024 shades of gray) containing subtle examples of pneumothorax, interstitial infiltrate, nodules, and bone lesions. Radiographs with no compression, with 25:1 compression, and with 50:1 compression ratios were presented in randomized order to 12 radiologists. The results suggest that, with this compression scheme, compression ratios as high as 25:1 may be acceptable for primary diagnosis in chest radiology.
A Novel Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Is a Potent Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinases 1, 2, and 9, Which Demonstrates Antitumor Effects in Human Tumor Xenografts Following Oral Administration (2010)

Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are central to the appropriate regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression. Abnormalities in CDK activity and regulation are common features of cancer, making CDK family members attractive targets for the development of anticancer drugs. Here, we report the identification of a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derived compound, 4k (BS-194), as a selective and potent CDK inhibitor, which inhibits CDK2, CDK1, CDK5, CDK7, and CDK9 (IC₅₀= 3, 30, 30, 250, and 90 nmol/L, respectively). Cell-based studies showed inhibition of the phosphorylation of CDK substrates, Rb and the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain, down-regulation of cyclins A, E, and D1, and cell cycle block in the S and G₂/M phases. Consistent with these findings, 4k demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity in 60 cancer cell lines tested (mean GI₅₀= 280 nmol/L). Pharmacokinetic studies showed that 4k is orally bioavailable, with an elimination half-life of 178 min following oral dosing in mice. When administered at a concentration of 25 mg/kg orally, 4k inhibited human tumor xenografts and suppressed CDK substrate phosphorylation. These findings identify 4k as a novel, potent CDK selective inhibitor with potential for oral delivery in cancer patients.
Study on the incorporation of various elements into the Keggin lacunary-type phosphomolybdate [PMo9O34]9− and subsequent purification of the polyoxometalates by nanofiltration (2023)

In this work we explore a novel synthetic approach for the design of framework-element substituted Keggin-type phosphomolybdates.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Synergistic Targeting of PI3K/AKT Pathway and Androgen Receptor Axis Significantly Delays Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

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Glycine/NMDA Receptor Antagonists as Potential CNS Therapeutic Agents: ACEA-1021 and Related Compounds (2006)

Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in central nervous system (CNS) and NMDA receptors are one of the major classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors. NMDA receptors have been known to play critical roles in normal CNS activities, as well as in many pathological conditions, including both acute and chronic diseases. The discovery of glycine as a coagonist of NMDA receptors has led to intensive research of glycine/NMDA antagonists as potential CNS drugs. The robust efficacy of glycine/NMDA antagonists, such as ACEA-1021 (5), in animal model of brain ischemia, together with good safety profile in animal models and in clinical trials, suggested that this class of NMDA antagonists should have good chance of success in the clinic as neuroprotectants. The clinical trial of ACEA-1021 for stroke was discontinued, mainly due to low solubility and lack of metabolism of the drug that led to the observation of crystals in the urine of some of the patients. However, through SAR studies, compounds such as ACEA-1416 (10) have been identified with improved properties, such as higher in vivo potency and site for potential metabolism. Therefore these compounds should be able to overcome some of the liabilities of ACEA-1021 and potentially could be developed as neuroprotectants. Based on the preclinical and clinical studies of glycine/NMDA antagonists, as well as the clinical experiences with t-PA, initiation of treatment within a short time window after the onset of stroke could be critical for the success of these antagonists in clinical trials. This can be accomplished by implementing the procedure developed for t-PA clinical trials, with modification based on the safety profile of glycine/NMDA antagonists, for future clinical trial to administer the drug as soon as possible after stroke onset. In addition, glycine/NMDA antagonists also have other potential therapeutic applications, such as for the treatment of traumatic brain injury, pain, cocaine overdose and convulsions.
Alert Timing and Corresponding Intervention With Intraoperative Spinal Cord Monitoring for High-Risk Spinal Surgery (2018)

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Bowlership: Examining the Existence of Bowler Synergies in Cricket (2021)

Player synergies are a salient feature of team sports. In the team game of cricket, player synergies may be reflected in batting partnerships. Batting partnerships have been analysed extensively. In this paper, we introduce and precisely define bowling partnerships. We explain their importance, and analyse ball-by-ball data from three formats of the game: 2,034 one-day international matches, 634 Test matches and 1,432 Twenty-20 international matches, in order to find such bowling partnerships ("bowlerships"). We find that bowlerships exist. Further, we construct bowlership networks based on these pairwise synergies. We assert that these bowlership networks can be analysed for team selection before a match, and making bowling changes during the match. We present Algorithm bowler-select that selects a team based on bowlerships.
Binding Affinity of PRTR Chemicals to Various Human Nuclear Receptors (2007)

Since the 1990s, population decreases, reproductive anomalies and malformations of highly aquatic animals have been increasingly reported. One possible cause is considered to be endocrine disruptive effects induced by environmental contaminants through a direct interaction with nuclear receptors, not only with steroid hormone receptors but also with other ones. In this study, we examined the binding affinities of 20 chemicals, which are registered in the Japanese Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) and have been abundantly discharged into aquatic environments to eight human nuclear receptors and assessed their potential endocrine disruptive effects. Of the 20 PRTR chemicals tested, nonylphenol diethoxylate, telephthalic acid (TPA), and linear dodecyl-benzensulfonate (DBS) bound to at least two receptors at high concentrations. TPA and DBS enhanced the activities of both retinoic acid receptor (RAR) γ and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests that TPA and DBS may disturb the vitamin D endocrine functions mediated by a VDR-VDR homodimer or a VDR-RAR heterodimer. Also, our results indicate that endocrine disruptors unsuspected under the current assessment criteria could potentially bind to various nuclear receptors and disrupt endocrine systems mediated by such receptors.
High sensitivity terahertz detector using two-dimensional electron gas absorber and tunnel junction contacts as a thermometer (2006)

We describe a new type of terahertz (THz) detector for astronomical observation using a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) as the absorbing medium. The detection principle is based on the hot electron effect in 2DEGs. Electrons are heated by THz radiation and the electron temperature is read out by two symmetrical superconductor - 2DEG tunnelling junctions. Hot electrons are removed via tunnelling through a barrier into the superconducting contacts. The energy gap in the superconducting contacts prevents the escape of the colder, non-photoexcited electrons from the 2DEG. The high mobility 2DEG itself is created within AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure with a single quantum well. In this paper we present low temperature DC measurements of 2DEG detectors, and measurements of the electron-phonon thermal conductivity of a 2DEG at 4.2 K and 300 mK as a function of electron temperature and magnetic field (in the 4.2 K case). From these measurements we estimate the noise equivalent power (NEP) of an element in a filled array of S-2DEG-S detectors at 4.2 K to be on the order of &#8776; 10<sup>-14</sup>W/&#8730;Hz with a response time of &#8776; 1ns; at 300 mK, an NEP on the order of &#8776; 10<sup>-19</sup>W/&#8730;Hz and a response time of &#8776; 0.1&#956;s. Using measured parameters for the normal resistance of the S-2DEG-S contacts, we calculate the effect of using a voltage bias to cool the electrons in the absorber to significantly below a 300 mK base temperature. In this configuration, S-2DEG-S detectors can achieve sufficient sensitivity to detect individual THz photons.
Comparative evaluation of control methods for Inductive Power Transfer (2012)

Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) has recently been proposed for application with Electric or Hybrid Electric Vehicles (EV/HEV), where a highly efficient system operation is demanded for the high-power transfer. Due to the high requirements on the regulation of the output power and the output voltage, and due to the large variations of the magnetic coupling, the control of these systems is a challenging task. In this paper, the frequency characteristics of a series-parallel compensated IPT system are discussed. Different control methods found in the literature are analyzed and a comparative evaluation of the current and voltage stress in the transmission coils, the resonant capacitors, and the semiconductors in the primary-side inverter is presented. It is shown that the dual control method offers a number of advantages in the controllability and potentially lower losses compared to the frequency control which is commonly used.
Towards Scalable Automated Mobile App Testing (2014)

The mobile app ecosystem continues to rapidly grow in importance as an increasing proportion of our daily computing needs shift away from desktop machines in favor of mobile devices. However, mobile apps must cope with extremely diverse operating conditions due to factors like device fragmentation, wireless network heterogeneity and varied user behavior. App developers and distributors (i.e., operators of app marketplaces) lack testing tools that can effectively account for such diversity and, as a result, app failures and performance bugs (e.g., excessive energy consumption) are commonly found in mobile apps today. Towards addressing this challenge to mobile app development, we have developed key techniques for scalable automated mobile app testing within two prototype app testing services – VanarSena and Caiipa. In this paper, we describe SMASH – our vision for a single unified cloud-based mobile app testing service that will combine the strengths of the VanarSena and Caiipa systems towards solving the complexities presently faced by testers of mobile apps.
Aberrant methylation ofHIN-1 (high in normal-1) is a frequent event in many human malignancies (2004)

HIN-1 (high in normal-1) is a putative cytokine with growth inhibitory activities and is downregulated by aberrant methylation in breast cancers. We studied HIN-1 methylation status in many types of adult and pediatric malignancies and cell lines. We examined the expression of HIN-1 mRNA in 52 cell lines and the promoter methylation status in the cell lines and in over 800 primary tumors representing 17 tumor types using methylation specific PCR. Promoter methylation was observed in 73% of breast cancer, 67% of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 30% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 57% of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cell lines, and methylation was completely correlated with loss of expression. Expression negative cell lines restored HIN-1 expression after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Promoter methylation of HIN-1 was found in 90% of retinoblastomas, 73% of Wilms' tumors, 61% of rhabdomyosarcomas, 57% of breast cancers, 52% of prostate cancers, 40% of MMs, 28% of NSCLCs and 27% of lymphomas. Methylation frequencies in colorectal cancers, cervical cancers, bronchial carcinoids, SCLCs, neuroblastomas, osteosarcomas, leukemia, medulloblastomas and bladder cancers were lower (4-21%), while hepatoblastomas lacked methylation. HIN-1 methylation was rarely detected in nonmalignant tissues (8 of 165, 5%). Aberrant methylation of HIN-1 with loss of expression is a common event and may contribute to the pathogenesis of many types of human malignancies.
MRI-Based Detection and Characterization of Leptomeningeal Contrast Enhancement in Multiple Sclerosis (P6.134) (2014)

OBJECTIVE:To develop a set of descriptive tools for leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LE) in multiple sclerosis (MS). BACKGROUND:Although not widely used, contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR MRI is more sensitive than conventional contrast-enhanced T1-weighted scans for leptomeningeal disease. We have recently observed focal leptomeningeal enhancement in ~20% of MS cases. METHODS:25 postcontrast 3D-FLAIR scans were randomly selected from our database. Three experts in neuroimaging blindly evaluated the images for the presence of hyperintense foci on postcontrast T2-FLAIR, outside the brain parenchyma but strictly adjacent to it. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) and multiplanar reformations were used to ease detection. Lesions abutting a dural venous sinus and obvious artifacts were excluded. The raters subsequently developed a consensus set of descriptors for future studies: location, shape, relationship with vessels, signal on postcontrast T1 scans, and symmetry. 10 new patients, previously reported to have LE, were evaluated by the three raters; evaluations were repeated one week later by two of the raters. Finally, the three raters developed a consensus set of responses. RESULTS:Across the three raters, for lesions identified by consensus as LE, 39% to 89% were correctly identified and described. There was no difference in any descriptor between foci of LE correctly identified by all raters and those either missed or misidentified by at least one rater. Artifacts mimicking LE were more likely to be found within sulci, whereas truly enhancing foci extended across several gyri or sulci (p=0.03). Intrarater reliability for identification and description (kappa~0.7) was substantially better than interrater reliability (kappa~0.2). CONCLUSION: Despite the sensitivity of postcontrast T2-FLAIR for LE in MS, and its likely pathophysiological and clinical relevance, reliable detection and discrimination is a challenge. Improved imaging methods, as well as comparison of pre- and postcontrast T2-FLAIR, are likely necessary for reliable identification of all but the clearest findings.
Characterization of Reactive Organometallic Species via MicroED (2019)

Here we apply microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) to the structural determination of transition-metal complexes. We find that the simultaneous use of 300 keV electrons, very low electron doses, and an ultrasensitive camera allows for the collection of data without cryogenic cooling of the stage. This technique reveals the first crystal structures of the classic zirconocene hydride, colloquially known as "Schwartz's reagent", a novel Pd(II) complex not amenable to solution-state NMR or X-ray crystallography, and five other paramagnetic and diamagnetic transition-metal complexes.
Beyond the desktop: emerging technologies for supporting collaborative teams in virtual environments (2007)

The emergence of several trends, including the increased availability of wireless networks, miniaturization of electronics and sensing technologies, and novel input and output devices, is creating a demand for integrated, fulltime displays for use across a wide range of applications, including collaborative environments. In this paper, we present and discuss emerging visualization methods we are developing particularly as they relate to deployable displays and displays worn on the body to support mobile users, as well as optical imaging technology that may be coupled to 3D visualization in the context of medical training and guided surgery.
Low‐Temperature Polymerization of Olefins in the Presence of Titanium Monoamidinate/MAO Catalyst (2003)

Abstract This paper reports the predominantly syndiotactic‐specific polymerization of propylene in the presence of titanium monoamidinate/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts. The same catalysts, depending on the reaction conditions, also promote either predominantly 1,4‐ cis or 1,4‐ trans polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene and polymerization of styrene either to highly syndiotactic or to stereoirregular polymer. Some preliminary information about the features of propylene polyinsertion is also reported. Expansion of the 20–24 ppm region of the 13 C NMR spectrum of sample 2. The starred resonance at 21.75 ppm and the shoulders are not assigned. magnified image Expansion of the 20–24 ppm region of the 13 C NMR spectrum of sample 2. The starred resonance at 21.75 ppm and the shoulders are not assigned.