gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delivery of neurotrophic factors in the treatment of age-related chronic neurodegenerative diseases (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Neurodegenerative diseases are those wherein the neurons in the brain or peripheral nervous system lose their function, eventually culminating in neuronal death. Aging acts as the predominant factor here due to the reduced protein turnover rate in aging cells. As neurotrophic factors possess imperative roles in protecting the neurons and restoring their functionality, design of different modalities to deliver them to the brain would significantly enhance the therapeutic benefits.<b>Areas covered</b>: This review covers the various mechanisms of neurodegeneration, its molecular link with aging, different neurotrophic factor classes and their potentials, current treatment strategies, the challenges associated with the delivery of neurotrophic factors, administration routes, design of different delivery vehicle design, alternative modalities of delivery, and the clinical translational challenges of these strategies.<b>Expert opinion</b>: A deeper molecular level understanding about the complexity of neurodegeneration, discovery of potential biomarkers, which helps identifying the right targets, finding the accurate animal model completely recapitulating the human scenario, and a validated design of clinical trials would immensely help in overcoming the present challenges. The substantial developments in the field of gene therapy, usage of small molecules and peptide mimetics, combinatory approaches, etc. definitely give brighter hopes.
A design principle of polymers processable into 2D homeotropic order (2016)

How to orient polymers homeotropically in thin films has been a long-standing issue in polymer science because polymers intrinsically prefer to lie down. Here we provide a design principle for polymers that are processable into a 2D homeotropic order. The key to this achievement was a recognition that cylindrical polymers can be designed to possess oppositely directed local dipoles in their cross-section, which possibly force polymers to tightly connect bilaterally, affording a 2D rectangular assembly. With a physical assistance of the surface grooves on Teflon sheets that sandwich polymer samples, homeotropic ordering is likely nucleated and gradually propagates upon hot-pressing towards the interior of the film. Consequently, the 2D rectangular lattice is constructed such that its b axis (side chains) aligns along the surface grooves, while its c axis (polymer backbone) aligns homeotropically on a Teflon sheet. This finding paves the way to molecularly engineered 2D polymers with anomalous functions.
Manga content analysis using physiological signals (2016)

Recently, the physiological signals have been analyzed more and more, especially in the context of everyday life activities such as watching video or looking at pictures. Tracking these signals gives access to the mental state of the user (interest, tiredness, stress) but also to his emotions (sadness, fright, happiness). The analysis of the reader's physiological signals during reading can provide a better understanding of the reader's feelings but also a better understanding of the documents. Our main research direction is to find the relationship between a change in the reader's physiological signal and the content of the reading. As a first step, we investigate whether it is possible to distinguish a manga (Japanese comic book) from another by analyzing the physiological signals of the reader. We use 3 different manga genres (horror, romance, comedy) and try to predict which one is read by analyzing the features extracted from the physiological signals of the reader. Our method uses the blood volume pulse, the electrodermal activity and the skin temperature of the reader while reading. We show that by using these physiological signals with a support vector machine we can retrieve which manga has been read with a 90% average accuracy.
Transplantation of human renal carcinomas into athymic mice. (1985)

Thirty-one primary human renal carcinomas were transplanted into athymic mice of which ten produced tumors in the mouse host. Only tumors with a nuclear grade of 3 or 4 were successfully transplanted. The nuclear grades of the human tumor and transplant were similar; however, the cellular histology often varied. Patient prognosis appeared to be inversely related to successful tumor transplantation. In the transplant group, the 1-year survival was 30% in contrast to a 1-year survival of 83% among patients with renal cancers of similar stage and grade which did not produce tumors in the mice.
Identification of Products Resulting from the Biological Reduction of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene by Pseudomonas sp. (1996)

Pseudomonas sp. clone A is able to use 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2,6-dinitrotoluene as an N-source after the enzymatic removal of nitro groups from the aromatic ring. We have identified in culture supernatants a hydride−TNT Meisenheimer complex, which is an intermediate in the removal of the first nitro group from the TNT aromatic ring. It has been shown in vitro that the hydride−TNT Meisenheimer complex is transformed to 2,4-dinitrotoluene and an unidentified compound, the molecular mass of which is 235. As side metabolites, reduced TNT derivativeswhich cannot be used as an N-source by this bacteriumappeared in culture supernatants. 2-Hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene were found and chemically characterized. Spontaneous condensation of partially reduced TNT forms leads to the production of azoxytoluenes, and a possible condensation mechanism is discussed. For novel compounds, 1H NMR, UV, and infrared data are provided. Therefore, Pseudomonas sp. clone A carries out two different initial reductive reactions in the metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; one process removes a nitro group from the aromatic ring and allows it to be used as an N-source, while the other gives rise to side products.
Selecting A Channel from 5G Sub-6-GHz Bands by A Small Antenna of Metamaterial Channel Filters (2020)

In this paper, we present a new small antenna for 5G Sub-6-GHz band mobile communication. It can change the channel in the three given bands(so called the 3.5-GHz area), as a wide-band antenna is connected to a small multiplexer comprising three metamaterial channel filters. The function of channel selection of this antenna system is experimentally demonstrated to prove the validity of the presented idea. The channel selection for 5G mobile communication is conducted from f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> (3.46 GHz) through f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (3.55 GHz) to f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (3.65 GHz), when TX and RX antennas with gains over 0 dBi and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> less than 10 dB are located far-field apart(R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Far</sub> ≫ 2.1 cm), and operated with a vector network analyzer.
<title>MPEG-4/7-based Internet video and still-image browsing system</title> (2001)

The ongoing MPEG-7 standard intends to provide a "Multimedia Content Description Interface." In other words, it will provide a rich set of tools to describe content with a view to facilitating applications such as content based querying, browsing and searching of multimedia content. The MPEG-4 standard provides tools for compressing multimedia content at bitrates that are feasible with typical internet connections. Such bitrates fall significantly short of those supported by prior standards such as MPEG-i and MPEG-2. Thus, in this paper, we present a remote video and still image browsing system that uses MPEG-7 for the querying/browsing/searching and MPEG-4 for compressing any transmitted content. We use descriptors of features such as color, shape and motion to annotate the stored content with MPEG-7 like metadata. The aforementioned descriptors stem from our previous work and are currently in the working draft of the MPEG-7 standard. In our previous work, we have shown the efficacy of each of the descriptors individually. In this paper, we show how we combine some of the features to effectively browse remote video and still image content. Our emphasis is on accurate and quick browsing of the remote content. Our system consists of a video web server with stored MPEG-4 video/still content that is able to support remote requests through a simple browser interface. We have used a combination of cgi script and servletapplet based configurations. We will present a demonstration of our system at the conference. We have already successfully demonstrated it to the Japanese press.
Preparation and Structure of [Mo4(OMe)2(OiPr)10]; Comments on Why [W2(OiPr)6] Dimerizes, Whereas [Mo2(OiPr)6] Does Not (1987)

A [MoMo]6⊕ complex is thermodynamically more stable than a corresponding [WW]6⊙ complex! It is assumed that this finding can be attributed to nuclear repulsive effects, which are larger in the case of tungsten than in the case of molybdenum. The structure of the title complex is characterized by two short and two long MoMo distances (2.238(1) and 3.344(1)Å, resp.) and thus by two bisalkoxide-bridged MoMo units. The formation of alkoxide bridges could be an important step in the dimerization of [W2(OiPr)6].
Transistor‐Like Modulation of Gold Nanoparticle Film Conductivity Using Hydrophobic Ions (2014)

A general method to modulate the source-drain resistance of a functionalized metal nanoparticle film in an aqueous electrolyte solution, through application of a gate potential in combination with hydrophobic gate ions is described. The results have implications for the development of ionic logic systems as well for improving the sensitivity of chemical sensors by several orders of magnitude. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Meatal Based Hypospadias Repair with the Use of a Dorsal Subcutaneous Flap to Prevent Urethrocutaneous Fistula (1994)

A technique using a dorsal dartos subcutaneous flap to wrap the neourethra after hypospadias repair is described. This method was used in a series of 204 meatal based repairs. Catheter drainage or diversion was not performed in any nontoilet trained child. The procedure was done on an ambulatory or 1-night hospitalization basis. No patient had a urethrocutaneous fistula. The additional covering of the neourethra with the dorsal subcutaneous flap appears to be excellent for avoiding the development of urethrocutaneous fistulas in patients with distal hypospadias.
Motion signals bias localization judgments: A unified explanation for the flash-lag, flash-drag, flash-jump, and Frohlich illusions (2007)

In the flash-lag illusion, a moving object aligned with a flash is perceived to be offset in the direction of motion following the flash. In the "flash-drag" illusion, a flash is mislocalized in the direction of nearby motion. In the "flash-jump" illusion, a transient change in the appearance of a moving object (e.g., color) is mislocalized in the direction of subsequent motion. Finally, in the Frohlich illusion, the starting position of a suddenly appearing moving object is mislocalized in the direction of the subsequent motion. We demonstrate, in a series of experiments, a unified explanation for all these illusions: Perceptual localization is influenced by motion signals collected over approximately 80 ms after a query is triggered. These demonstrations rule out "latency difference" and asynchronous feature binding models, in which objects appear in their real positions but misaligned in time. Instead, the illusions explored here are best understood as biases in localization caused by motion signals. We suggest that motion biasing exists because it allows the visual system to account for neural processing delays by retrospectively "pushing" an object closer to its true physical location, and we propose directions for exploring the neural mechanisms underlying the dynamic updating of location by the activity of motion-sensitive neurons.
Search for single production of a vectorlike T quark decaying into a Higgs boson and top quark with fully hadronic final states using the ATLAS detector (2022)

A search is made for a vectorlike $T$ quark decaying into a Higgs boson and a top quark in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $139\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The Higgs-boson and top-quark candidates are identified in the all-hadronic decay mode, where $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$ and $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}bW\ensuremath{\rightarrow}bq{\overline{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ are reconstructed as large-radius jets. The candidate Higgs boson, top quark, and associated $B$ hadrons are identified using tagging algorithms. No significant excess is observed above the background, so limits are set on the production cross section of a singlet $T$ quark at 95% confidence level, depending on the mass ${m}_{T}$ and coupling ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{T}$ of the vectorlike $T$ quark to Standard Model particles. In the considered mass range between 1.0 and 2.3 TeV, the upper limit on the allowed coupling values increases with ${m}_{T}$ from a minimum value of 0.35 for $1.07&lt;{m}_{T}&lt;1.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ to 1.6 for ${m}_{T}=2.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$.
Efficient Topologies for Large-scale Cluster Networks (2010)

Increasing integrated-circuit pin bandwidth has motivated a corresponding increase in the degree or radix of interconnection networks and their routers. This paper describes the flattened butterfly, a cost-efficient topology for high-radix networks. On benign (load-balanced) traffic, the flattened butterfly approaches the cost/performance of a butterfly network and has roughly half the cost of a comparable performance Clos network. The advantage over the Clos is achieved by eliminating redundant hops when they are not needed for load balance. On adversarial traffic, the flattened butterfly matches the cost/performance of a folded-Clos network and provides an order of magnitude better performance than a conventional butterfly. In this case, global adaptive routing is used to switch the flattened butterfly from minimal to non-minimal routing — using redundant hops only when they are needed. Different routing algorithms are evaluated on the flattened butterfly and compared against alternative topologies. We also provide a detailed cost model for an interconnection network and compare the cost of the flattened butterfly to alternative topologies to show the cost advantages of the flattened butterfly.
Instrument, method, brightness, and polarization maps from the 2003 flight of BOOMERanG (2006)

Aims.We present the boomerang-03 experiment, and the maps of the Stokes parameters I, Q, U of the microwave sky obtained during a 14 day balloon flight in 2003.
Writing magnetic patterns with surface acoustic waves (2014)

A novel patterning technique that creates magnetization patterns in a continuous magnetostrictive film with surface acoustic waves is demonstrated. Patterns of 10 μm wide stripes of alternating magnetization and a 3 μm dot of reversed magnetization are written using standing and focusing acoustic waves, respectively. The magnetization pattern is size-tunable, erasable, and rewritable by changing the magnetic field and acoustic power. This versatility, along with its solid-state implementation (no moving parts) and electronic control, renders it as a promising technique for application in magnetic recording, magnonic signal processing, magnetic particle manipulation, and spatial magneto-optical modulation.
PLENARY III: A Random-Channel Graph-Theoretic Perspective of Wireless Networks (2006)

There are many parameters that govern data flows in wireless networks, among them: mobility usage, service, and connectivity. The connectivity between nodes clearly has a strong influence on the way data passes between nodes and the total data traffic possible in the entire network. Unlike wireline networks, where increased connectivity generally leads to increased flow, in wireless networks increased connectivity can also lead to increased interference and the therefore possibly reduced flow. I discuss a modrl where connectivity is driven by a purely random event such as the existence of an obstacle, and show how the choice of random event can have a large influence on traffic flows in a wireless network. Using graph-theoretic tools, I give some implications for an "optimal" amount of connectivity.
Early onset of cardiomyopathy and intellectual disability in a girl with Danon disease associated with a de novo novel mutation of the LAMP2 gene (2016)

Danon disease, primary lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2) deficiency, is characterized clinically by cardiomyopathy, myopathy and intellectual disability in boys. Because Danon disease is inherited in an X-linked dominant fashion, males are more severely affected than females, who usually have only cardiomyopathy without myopathy or intellectual disability; moreover, the onset of symptoms in females is usually in adulthood. We describe a girl with Danon disease who presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome at 12 years of age. Subsequently, she showed signs of mild learning disability and intellectual disability on psychological examinations. She had a de novo novel mutation in the LAMP-2 gene and harbored an identical c.749C > A (p.Ser250X) variant, resulting in a stop codon in exon 6. She showed decreased, but not completely absent LAMP-2 expression on immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of a skeletal muscle biopsy specimen, which has been suggested to be caused by a 50% reduction in LAMP-2 expression (LAMP-2 haploinsufficiency) in female patients with Danon disease caused by a heterozygous null mutation. To our knowledge, our patient is one of the youngest female patients to have been given a diagnosis of Danon disease. In addition, this is the first documented case in a girl that was clearly associated with intellectual disability, which is very rare in females with Danon disease. Our findings suggest that studies of female patients with Danon disease can extend our understanding of the clinical features of this rare disease.
Longitudinal study of intracellular T cell cytokine production in infants compared to adults (2002)

Intracellular cytokine production in lymphocytes obtained longitudinally from 325 healthy infants aged 2-12 months was compared with adult lymphocytes using four-colour flow cytometry. Peripheral blood samples (180 microlitres) were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, ionomycin and brefeldin A to induce production and intracellular accumulation of cytokines. The method was validated by assessing reproducibility, repeatibility, ruggedness (i.e. fresh versus day-old blood samples), precision, linearity and sensitivity. Among infants, the number and percentage of T lymphocytes (helper/inducer T cell subsets and cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subsets) producing IFN-gamma (type 1) and IL4 (type 2) increased over the first year of life but remained significantly lower than levels found in adults. In both infants and adults more CD4- T cells than CD4+ T cells were induced to make IFN-gamma. Infant Th1/Th2 ratios revealed modest Th1-skewed (predominant) profiles compared to adults, which were 5-10 times higher. Infant Tc1/Tc2 ratios revealed Tc1-skewed responses which were equal to adult ratios by age 12 months. At 12 months infant Th2 responses were closer to adult levels than were Th1 cells. Intracellular cytokine detection by flow cytometry is a rapid, sensitive, rugged and precise method to characterize immune status changes over time.
Blind characterization of materials using single-sided thermography (2004)

In various studies, thermographic methods have been used to measure thermophysical properties of materials. The most widely used such method is the Parker flash technique for diffusivity measurement, in which the transit time of a heat pulse applied to the front face of a sample of known thickness is measured by observing the temperature at the rear surface. In recent investigations, there has been considerable emphasis on single-sided techniques for materials characterization. Typically, quantitative analysis using a single-sided thermographic approach requires some a priori knowledge about the sample, such as thickness, thermal diffusivity, or perhaps a calibration standard with back drilled holes with known diameter and depth. In fact, in certain cases it is possible to use single side pulsed thermographic data to measure, or at least estimate, properties such as thickness, thermal diffusivity and subsurface feature depth with no a priori information about the sample.
Human Photoreceptor Outer Segments Shorten During Light Adaptation (2013)

Our results strongly suggest that the light peak phase of the EOG is temporally related to a decreased OSEL in normal subjects, and the lack of a light peak phase in Best disease subjects is associated with an increase in OSEL. One potential role of Bestrophin-1 is to trigger an increase in the standing potential that approximates the OS to the apical surface of the RPE to facilitate phagocytosis.
High latitude ground truthed assessment of NSRDB V3 irradiance using sky condition data (2021)

We perform a global horizontal (GHI) and direct normal (DNI) surface solar irradiance comparison between the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB V3) and four Canadian Solar Spectral Irradiance Meter Network (CanSIM) stations for 2018-2019. On average, under all-sky conditions, the GHI from the NSRDB had the mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) of 14% and 18%, respectively, while for the DNI those metrics were 15% and 24%, respectively. By using the sky condition classification obtained from a spectral pyranometer, we estimated that 7% to 17% (depending on location studied) of NSRDB cloudy sky data is misattributed as such due to satellite parallax and snow cover errors. The lower bound on parallax error varied from 5% and 12%, while the upper bound on the cloud-snow discrimination error ranged from 2% to 5%.