gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxaspirodion, a New Inhibitor of Inducible TNF‐α Expression from the Ascomycete Chaetomium subspirale. Production, Isolation and Structure Elicidation. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SCCS: Semantics-Consistent Cross-domain Summarization via Optimal Transport Alignment (2023)

Multimedia summarization with multimodal output (MSMO) is a recently explored application in language grounding. It plays an essential role in real-world applications, i.e., automatically generating cover images and titles for news articles or providing introductions to online videos. However, existing methods extract features from the whole video and article and use fusion methods to select the representative one, thus usually ignoring the critical structure and varying semantics with video/document. In this work, we propose a Semantics-Consistent Cross-domain Summarization (SCCS) model based on optimal transport alignment with visual and textual segmentation. Our method first decomposes both videos and articles into segments in order to capture the structural semantics, and then follows a cross-domain alignment objective with optimal transport distance, which leverages multimodal interaction to match and select the visual and textual summary. We evaluated our method on three MSMO datasets, and achieved performance improvement by 8% & 6% of textual and 6.6% &5.7% of video summarization, respectively, which demonstrated the effectiveness of our method in producing high-quality multimodal summaries.
Det gyldne overblik: Akademisk opgaveskrivning på 1 time (2018)

Skal du skrive en akademisk opgave, er denne bog det perfekte sted at starte! Bliv guidet fra start til slut - fra resume til bilag- i denne trin for trin guide, og få lynhurtigt det gyldne overblik over din opgaveskrivning! Tredje udgave indeholder et forbedret metodeafsnit. Især forklaringen af videnskabsteori-delen er blevet præciseret og forklaret på en endnu mere overskuelig måde. Derudover er der blevet tilføjet flere eksempler, såvel som tips og tricks, bl.a. til hvordan man undgår at smartphonen forstyrrer unødigt i forbindelse med opgaveskrivningen. Tredje udgave af bogen giver i endnu højere grad læseren den mest nødvendige viden, såvel som hjælp til, hvordan man træffer de bedst mulige valg i løbet af skriveprocessen. Få svar på: • Hvordan laver jeg en god problemformulering? • Hvad går videnskabsteori ud på og hvorfor skal det med i min opgave? • Hvad skal jeg have med i mit metode afsnit?
Theoretical foundations of pulse-coupled models (2002)

Many scientists believe that all pulse-coupled neural networks are toy models that are far away from the biological reality. We show here that many biologically plausible Hodgkin-Huxley type neural networks can be transformed into a pulse-coupled form by a suitable change of variables. Such transformations exist when a network satisfies a number of conditions-it is weakly connected, the neurons are Class 1 excitable (i.e., they can generate action potentials with an arbitrary small frequency), and the synapses between neurons are conventional (i.e. axo-dendritic and axe-somatic). Thus, the difference between studying the pulse-coupled model and Hodgkin-Huxley type neural networks is just a matter of a coordinate change.
Radar and Communication Co-existence: an Overview (2019)

Increased amounts of bandwidth are required to guarantee both high-quality/high-rate wireless services (4G and 5G) and reliable sensing capabilities such as automotive radar, air traffic control, earth geophysical monitoring and security applications. Therefore, co-existence between radar and communication systems using overlapping bandwidths has been a primary investigation field in recent years. Various signal processing techniques such as interference mitigation, pre-coding or spatial separation, and waveform design allow both radar and communications to share the spectrum. This article reviews recent work on co-existence between radar and communication systems, including signal models, waveform design and signal processing techniques. Our goal is to survey contributions in this area in order to provide a primary starting point for new researchers interested in these problems.
3D Integration Technologies at IMEC (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Key Requirements for 3D-Interconnect Technologies 3D Technologies at IMEC References
Information state for robust control of set-valued discrete time systems (2002)

Considers the problem of robust output feedback control of set-valued discrete time systems. Such systems appear frequently in applications such as process control. The aim is to motivate and obtain an efficient formulation of robust control problems and the resulting structure of the controller for such systems. This formulation, and the controller structure are obtained by taking small noise limits of the information state dynamics arising in a related risk-sensitive stochastic control problem. The necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability are also presented.
Association of induction of a fully tumorigenic phenotype in murine radiation‐induced T‐lymphoma cells with loss of differentiation antigens, gain of CD44, and alterations in p53 protein levels (1992)

We investigated the mechanism of radiation induction of murine thymic lymphomas by studying the characteristics of primary x-ray-induced thymic lymphoma (PXTL) cell lines and of their oncogene-induced, progressed progeny. It is widely thought that proto-oncogene alterations are associated with the induction of murine lymphomas; however, few, if any primary murine radiation-induced lymphomas possess (proto-)oncogene alterations. Independently derived cell lines grown directly (i.e., without in vivo transplantation) from thymic lymphomas of irradiated C57BL/6 mice possess the properties of immortalized pre-T cells and lack many of the characteristics of "tumor cells". PXTL cells are poorly tumorigenic upon transplantation, do not clone in methylcellulose cultures, are growth factor dependent and autocrine, and lack consistent chromosome and oncogene abnormalities. However, the thymic lymphomas are malignant and cause the death of each afflicted mouse. PXTL cells expressed two immunologically distinct forms of the tumor suppressor protein p53 that have moderately increased stability (t1/2 = 1 h) when compared with p53 of normal splenic T lymphocytes. Early PXTL cells could progress in vitro to a fully tumorigenic phenotype after infection with retroviruses encoding the c-myc and v-ras oncogenes. Progressed T-lymphoma cells acquired growth factor independence, a highly transplantable and tumorigenic phenotype, and the ability to quantitatively clone in methylcellulose cultures. Progressed lymphoma cells coordinately downregulated the expression of five T-cell differentiation markers, upregulated the expression of CD44 (Pgp-1), and harbored vastly elevated levels of two immunologically distinct forms of p53. Our results suggest that the early thymic lymphomas consist of differentiation-inhibited, immortal pre-T cells that are precursors to progressed, fully tumorigenic T-lymphoma cells.
SNPTools: a software tool for visualization and analysis of microarray data (2007)

The software, example data sets and tutorials are freely available from http://www.birc.au.dk/snptools
A Real-Time DSPI System for Measuring Surface Deformation in Clamped Bolted Joints (2008)

A Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry (DSPI) system is developed for the real-time measuring and monitoring the out-of-plane surface deformation around tightened threaded fasteners that are used to clamp bolted assemblies. Spatial phase shifting is employed to quantitatively determine the distribution of phase data by introducing a spatial carrier fringe pattern to the speckle interferogram. This is achieved by leading the object and reference beams to two separate apertures. The configuration is also suitable for collecting the real-time deformation during bolt tightening. The experimental DSPI system is set-up with optical components on a vibration-isolation table. A Matlab software is developed for the image acquisition and phase data calculation, which yields the out-of-plane surface deformation caused by the bolt preload. An aluminum joint is used with an M12 steel fastener. For miniature screw application, however, a plastic joint is used for collecting data.
Experimental Violation of Bell's Inequality for Temporal Orders (2019)

Entanglement is a prediction of quantum mechanics that suggests that our physical laws cannot be described by a local causal model. This has led to much debate, including Einstein's famous suggestion that quantum mechanics is an incomplete theory, and we may one day discover a deeper theory that can be described by a locally causal model. However, loophole free violations of Bell inequalities demonstrate that this is not the case. Bell's theorem is independent of quantum mechanics, and it shows that any theory attempting to supplant quantum mechanics must be somehow nonlocal. Since then, there have been many experimental violations of Bell inequalities using different physical systems, culminating in three loophole-free experiments [1-3].
Facile, environmentally benign and scalable approach to produce pristine few layers graphene suitable for preparing biocompatible polymer nanocomposites (2018)

The success of developing graphene based biomaterials depends on its ease of synthesis, use of environmentally benign methods and low toxicity of the chemicals involved as well as biocompatibility of the final products/devices. We report, herein, a simple, scalable and safe method to produce defect free few layers graphene using naturally available phenolics i.e. curcumin/tetrahydrocurcumin/quercetin, as solid-phase exfoliating agents with a productivity of ∼45 g/batch (D/G ≤ 0.54 and D/D' ≤ 1.23). The production method can also be employed in liquid-phase using a ball mill (20 g/batch, D/G ≤ 0.23 and D/D' ≤ 1.12) and a sand grinder (10 g/batch, D/G ≤ 0.11 and D/D∼ ≤ 0.78). The combined effect of π-π interaction and charge transfer (from curcumin to graphene) is postulated to be the driving force for efficient exfoliation of graphite. The yielded graphene was mixed with the natural rubber (NR) latex to produce thin film nanocomposites, which show superior tensile strength with low modulus and no loss of % elongation at break. In-vitro and in-vivo investigations demonstrate that the prepared nanocomposite is biocompatible. This approach could be useful for the production of materials suitable in products (gloves/condoms/catheters), which come in contact with body parts/body fluids.
Obesity increases airway smooth muscle responses to contractile agonists (2018)

The asthma-obesity syndrome represents a major public health concern that disproportionately contributes to asthma severity and induces insensitivity to therapy. To date, no study has shown an intrinsic difference between human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells derived from nonobese subjects and those derived from obese subjects. The objective of this study was to address whether there is a greater response to agonist-induced calcium mobilization, phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), and greater shortening in HASM cells derived from obese subjects. HASM cells derived from nonobese and obese subjects were age and sex matched. Phosphorylation of MLC was measured after having been stimulated by carbachol. Carbachol- or histamine-induced mobilization of calcium and cell shortening were assessed in HASM cells derived from nonobese and obese donors. Agonist-induced MLC phosphorylation, mobilization of calcium, and cell shortening were greater in obese compared with non-obese-derived HASM cells. The MLC response was comparable in HASM cells derived from obese nonasthma and nonobese fatal asthma subjects. HASM cells derived from obese female subjects were more responsive to carbachol than HASM cells derived from obese male subjects. Insulin pretreatment had little effect on these responses. Our results show an increase in agonist-induced calcium mobilization associated with an increase in MLC phosphorylation and an increase in ASM cell shortening in favor of agonist-induced hyperresponsiveness in HASM cells derived from obese subjects. Our studies suggest that obesity induces a retained phenotype of hyperresponsiveness in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells.
Gap Analysis for Identity Enabled Networks (2017)

Currently there are several identifier/locator separation protocols,
such as HIP, ILA, ILNA and LISP. This document analyzes the technical
gaps between existing solutions and today's privacy requirements.
ADAPTIVE NOISE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR DUAL-ENERGY RADIOGRAPHY (1990)

Zink, F. E. M.S.; Peppler, W. W. Ph.D.; Kelcz, F. M.D., Ph.D.; Mistretta, C. A. Ph.D.; Ergun, D. L. Ph.D.; Sze, W. K. M.S. Author Information
Reduction and fixation of subtrochanteric femoral fractures using the ASIF 95?? blade plate (1989)

The difficulty in treating subtrochanteric fractures is evidenced by the many modalities and techniques currently described in the orthopaedic literature. Rotational problems, shortening, implant failure, and high rates of delayed union or nonunion have been reported with the majority of the implants available today. We recommend a technique that uses indirect fracture reduction to achieve optimum axial alignment and length without aiming to achieve an anatomic reduction. Fixation is accomplished with the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF) 95° (condylar) blade plate. Medial bone grafting is not performed, and strict attention is paid toward avoiding unnecessary soft-tissue stripping or bone devascularization. An axial load is applied to the fracture by tensioning of the plate intraoperatively. The use of this technique results in an excellent rate of union, good control of rotation and length, and minimal complications.
Treatment recommendations for patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and related disorders: IWWM-7 consensus (2014)

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a distinct B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder for which clearly defined criteria for the diagnosis, initiation of therapy, and treatment strategy have been proposed as part of the consensus panels of International Workshops on WM (IWWM). As part of the IWWM-7 and based on recently published and ongoing clinical trials, the panels updated treatment recommendations. Therapeutic strategy in WM should be based on individual patient and disease characteristics (age, comorbidities, need for rapid disease control, candidacy for autologous transplantation, cytopenias, IgM-related complications, hyperviscosity, and neuropathy). Mature data show that rituximab combinations with cyclophosphamide/dexamethasone, bendamustine, or bortezomib/dexamethasone provided durable responses and are indicated for most patients. New monoclonal antibodies (ofatumumab), second-generation proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib), mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors are promising and may expand future treatment options. A different regimen is typically recommended for relapsed or refractory disease. In selected patients with relapsed disease after long-lasting remission, reuse of a prior effective regimen may be appropriate. Autologous stem cell transplantation may be considered in young patients with chemosensitive disease and in newly diagnosed patients with very-high-risk features. Active enrollment of patients with WM in clinical trials is encouraged.
Programming Multifaceted Pulmonary T Cell Immunity by Combination Adjuvants (2020)

Induction of protective mucosal T cell memory remains a formidable challenge to vaccinologists. Using a combination adjuvant strategy that elicits potent CD8 and CD4 T cell responses, we define the tenets of vaccine-induced pulmonary T cell immunity. An acrylic-acid-based adjuvant (ADJ), in combination with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) or CpG, promotes mucosal imprinting but engages distinct transcription programs to drive different degrees of terminal differentiation and disparate polarization of T<sub>H</sub>1/T<sub>C</sub>1/T<sub>H</sub>17/T<sub>C</sub>17 effector/memory T cells. Combination of ADJ with GLA, but not CpG, dampens T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, mitigates terminal differentiation of effectors, and enhances the development of CD4 and CD8 T<sub>RM</sub> cells that protect against H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses. Mechanistically, vaccine-elicited CD4 T cells play a vital role in optimal programming of CD8 T<sub>RM</sub> and viral control. Taken together, these findings provide further insights into vaccine-induced multifaceted mucosal T cell immunity with implications in the development of vaccines against respiratorypathogens, including influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2.
Determination of the Specific Surface Area and the Pore Size of Microporous Carbons from Adsorption Potential Distributions (1999)

Porous structures of synthetic active carbons were characterized using nitrogen adsorption at 77 K over a wide range of relative pressures (10-7−0.995), and it was shown that the analysis of adsorption potential distributions (APDs) in many cases allows for estimation of the specific surface area and the average micropore size. The APDs for most of the samples had two peaks, which can be related to the monolayer formation on the micropore surface and to the secondary micropore filling. The minimum between these two peaks was identified as a point of completion of the monolayer, allowing for evaluation of the specific surface area in a good agreement with the calculations made using the advanced DFT Plus software. Assuming the slitlike pore geometry, the obtained specific surface areas were used to calculate average micropore sizes for the synthetic active carbons as well as for commercial high-surface-area porous carbons. The amounts adsorbed per unit surface area (normalized adsorption curves) were calculated for these samples and showed a systematic change with the average micropore size. As the latter increased, the normalized adsorption at low pressures (below ca. 10-3) gradually decreased and for samples with larger micropores it became more and more similar to the normalized adsorption on a macroporous nongraphitized carbon. In addition, a gradual development of the secondary micropore filling was observed. The position of peaks on APDs was related to the average micropore size providing another simple method of micropore size estimation. The observed changes in the low-pressure adsorption behavior correlate well with those predicted by computer simulations and DFT calculations, but the experimentally observed monolayer-formation and secondary-micropore-filling transitions were smoothed, which can be attributed to the surface and pore-size heterogeneity.
On Channel Sounding With Switched Arrays in Fast Time-Varying Channels (2019)

Time-division multiplexed (TDM) channel sounders, in which a single RF chain is connected sequentially via an electronic switch to different elements of an array, are widely used for the measurement of double-directional/MIMO propagation channels. This paper investigates the impact of array switching patterns on the accuracy of parameter estimation of multipath components (MPC) for a time-division multiplexed (TDM) channel sounder. The commonly-used sequential (uniform) switching pattern poses a fundamental limit on the number of antennas that a TDM channel sounder can employ in fast time-varying channels. We thus aim to design improved patterns that relax these constraints. To characterize the performance, we introduce a novel spatio-temporal ambiguity function, which can handle the non-idealities of real-world arrays. We formulate the sequence design problem as an optimization problem and propose an algorithm based on simulated annealing to obtain the optimal sequence. As a result, we can extend the estimation range of Doppler shifts by eliminating ambiguities in parameter estimation. We show through Monte Carlo simulations that the root mean square errors of both direction of departure and Doppler are reduced significantly with the new switching sequence. The results are also verified with actual vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channel measurements.
Beyond the Cox Hazard Ratio: A Targeted Learning Approach to Survival Analysis in a Cardiovascular Outcome Trial Application (2023)

The Hazard Ratio (HR) is a well-established treatment effect measure in randomized trials involving right-censored time-to-events, and the Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOTs) conducted since the FDA’s 2008 guidance have indeed largely evaluated excess risk by estimating a Cox HR. On the other hand, the limitations of the Cox model and of the HR as a causal estimand are well known, and the FDA’s updated 2020 CVOT guidance invites us to reassess this default approach to survival analyses. We highlight the shortcomings of Cox HR-based analyses and present an alternative following the causal roadmap—moving in a principled way from a counterfactual causal question to identifying a statistical estimand, and finally to targeted estimation in a large statistical model. We show in simulations the robustness of Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) to informative censoring and model misspecification and demonstrate a targeted learning analogue of the original Cox HR-based analysis of the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results (LEADER) trial. We discuss the potential reliability, interpretability, and efficiency gains to be had by updating our survival methods to incorporate the recent decades of advancements in formal causal frameworks and efficient nonparametricestimation.
Understanding & Managing Project Group Dynamics (2010)

There has been extensive empirical and quantitative research done in the topic of assigning and managing resources as they relate to team dynamics. This research has been done to best align the functional and technical limited resources of an organization to best optimize the opportunity cost of said resources while optimizing the team’s performance. An additional variable of a team’s performance that is often overlooked by an organization is the team’s dynamics and how the variety of team member’s personality styles either contributes and/or impedes the team performance. As this criterion is often a luxury when analyzing and assigning team members to a team, it is still an important characteristics to understand and manage as the team forms and matures towards accomplishing a unified goal. What this paper seeks to examine is to understand how these group dynamics do affect a team’s cohesion. Thus with this influence, it is a variable to manage as the group seeks a fluid, integrated alignment of their team work. Secondly, with this understanding, we will seek to research a method in how best to identify/employ these team dynamics and manage the uniqueness that each team member brings to the group. Given that limited resources do exist and are recognized in this paper, such an extended criterion for selecting team members might not be available but with the given methodology, we will explain how best to identify and manage these team dynamics. Note: The Team's Process Report is included here as a supplemental file.