gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the dependence of transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity on the hard-scattering kinematics of proton–proton collisions at s=2.76 TeV with ATLAS (2016)

The relationship between jet production in the central region and the underlying-event activity in a pseudorapidity-separated region is studied in 4.0 pb -1 of s = 2.76 TeV pp collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The underlying event is characterised through measurements of the average value of the sum of the transverse energy at large pseudorapidity downstream of one of the protons, which are reported here as a function of hard-scattering kinematic variables. The hard scattering is characterised by the average transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the two highest transverse momentum jets in the event. The dijet kinematics are used to estimate, on an event-by-event basis, the scaled longitudinal momenta of the hard-scattered partons in the target and projectile beam-protons moving toward and away from the region measuring transverse energy, respectively. Transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity is observed to decrease with a linear dependence on the longitudinal momentum fraction in the target proton and to depend only weakly on that in the projectile proton.
HLA Patterns in Australian Patients with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) (1979)

HLA antigens were determined in 169 Australian patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). HLA-B8 (47.9% v. 23.8%) and B15 (18.9% v. 8.2%) were significantly more frequent in the IDDM patients than in 1460 controls. The relative risks for developing IDDM in people carrying these antigens were 2.94 and 2.59 respectively. Carriers of the B8/B15 genotype had a relative risk of 5.48. These HLA associations in Australian IDDM patients are similar to those reported in other predominantly Caucasian populations.
Experimental demonstration of the active trench layout tuned 1200V CSTBT™ for lower dV/dt surge and turn-on switching loss (2016)

Optimization of a cell structure affecting gate capacitance must have an important role to upgrade usability of IGBT at high frequency operation. In this paper, we report an experimental study on the IGBT cell structures with various arrangements of active trenches connected to gate. Utilizing the advanced active trench layout with well-balanced capacitance realized to lower dV/dt surge and turn-on switching loss.
Sex specific expression and distribution of small RNAs in papaya (2014)

By analyzing the large-scale sRNA sequences from three sex types, we identified the sRNA hotspots flanking the gaps of papaya X, Y, and Yh chromosome. The sRNAs expression patterns in these regions were reminiscent of the pericentromeric region indicating that the only remaining gap in each of these chromosomes is likely the centromere. We also identified 14 differentially expressed miRNAs in male, female and hermaphrodite flowers of papaya. Our results provide valuable information toward understanding the papaya sex determination.
Polymer of Controlled Chain Length Carrying Hydrophilic Galactose Moieties for Immobilization of DNA Probes (2002)

The synthesis and the “living” cationic polymerization of a new saccharidic monomer namely the 1,2 : 3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-6-O-(2-vinyloxy ethyl)-D-galactopyranose have been investigated. The monomer structure has been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. It has been polymerized with acetaldehyde diethyl acetal/trimethylsilyl iodide as initiating system in presence of ZnCl2 as co-initiator. Macromolecules of controlled chain length (from 2 500 g·mol–1 to 7 500 g·mol–1) were obtained, bearing protected saccharidic moieties as side-groups, and aldehyde as ω-end-groups which could be turned into amine ω-end-groups. Finally, the saccharidic residues were deprotected in order to perform the binding of DNA probes (oligonucleotides) onto the hydrophilic polymer chains through the anomeric site of the galactose moieties.
Robust Laser-Ultrasonic Interferometer Based on Random Quadrature Demodulation (2006)

The new interferometric scheme that was presented at last year QNDE conference for robust and sensitive detection of ultrasound in industrial environment has been further improved. The proposed architecture combines quadrature detection with detector arrays for multi‐speckle processing. The quadrature is reached tanks to the random phase distribution of the speckle light and the parallel signal processing is simplified by using an approximated demodulation technique based on signal rectification. Results demonstrating this new principle of operation and its performances are presented.
Improving Community Management Performance with Two-Level Hierarchical DHT Overlays (2010)

In this paper, we evaluate a P2P community management system that works on top of a DHT-based P2PSIP protocol implementation. The key idea in our system is to establish a separate DHT overlay network for each community, resulting in multiple small overlays that are subsets of the main overlay. The main DHT overlay is largely used for community and membership information discovery. The feasibility of our two-level hierarchical system is evaluated with a prototype implementation. We compare our system against the flat structure where all the community related activities are performed in a single DHT overlay. The nodes' average network traffic load is evaluated with varying parameters. In addition, the energy consumption of mobile nodes is measured. Our test results show that our P2P community management system performs especially well when there is a great deal of community-related activity of the nodes.
Improved Sequence Analysis of Intact Proteins by Parallel Ion Parking during Electron Transfer Dissociation (2021)

Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) is an analytically useful tool for primary structure interrogation of intact proteins, but its utility is limited by higher-order reactions with the products. To inhibit these higher-order reactions, first-generation fragment ions are kinetically excited by applying an experimentally tailored parallel ion parking waveform during ETD (ETD-PIP). In combination with subsequent ion/ion proton transfer reactions, precursor-to-product conversion was maximized as evidenced by the consumption of more than 90% of the 21 kDa Protein G precursor to form ETD product ions. The employment of ETD-PIP increased sequence coverage to 90% from 80% with standard ETD. Additionally, the inhibition of sequential electron transfers was reflected in the high number of complementary ion pairs from ETD-PIP (90%) compared to standard ETD (39%).
Emulsion Stabilization and Flocculation in CO2. 2. Dynamic Light Scattering (1997)

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to investigate steric stabilization and flocculation of dilute poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) (PEHA, Mw = 92K) emulsions in liquid CO2 at 25 °C by monitoring changes in droplet size over time at various CO2 densities. Two steric stabilizers were investigated: a homopolymer, poly(1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) (PFOA, Mw = 1 × 106), and a block copolymer, polystyrene (Mn = 4.5K g/mol)-b-PFOA (Mn = 25K). For a concentration of 0.03 wt %, aggregates of PS-b-PFOA were observed in CO2 with an average hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 80 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.2−0.3 from the method of cumulants. Critical flocculation densities (CFDs) of PEHA emulsions were determined by lowering the CO2 density at constant temperature to induce flocculation. The CFDs of the emulsions agree closely with the ϑ point density of PFOA in CO2 for both the homopolymer and block copolymer stabilizers. Above the CFD, the emulsions have an average droplet size of 400−600 nm and are stable over several hours. With shear, the average droplet size of emulsions stabilized with PS-b-PFOA decreases with time because of shear-enhanced flocculation, and subsequent sedimentation of the flocculated droplets. The flocculation of the emulsion is attributed to a depletion mechanism induced by PS-b-PFOA aggregates in solution.
Comparison of Conventional TNM and Novel TNMB Staging Systems for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2019)

The TNMB staging system was associated with improved estimation of disease-free survival compared with conventional TNM staging. Incorporation of a molecular prognostic classifier into staging for NSCLC may lead to better identification of high-risk patients.
Long-Term Air-Stable n-Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistors Using 2,5-Difluoro-1,4-phenylene-bis{2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acrylonitrile} (2014)

A long-term air-stable n-type organic semiconductor, 2,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene-bis{2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acrylonitrile}, was synthesized by a high-yield simple procedure of Knoevenagel condensation with aldehyde and acetonitrile derivatives. A fabricated organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) using this compound exhibited good n-channel OTFT properties with a high electron mobility of 0.17 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and an on/off current ratio of 10(6) under both vacuum and ambient air operation. After storage in ambient air for 1 year, a stored n-channel OTFT still shows good n-channel OTFT performance with little degradation in ambient air operation.
Pd-Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Chlorides, Triflates, and Nonaflates to Nitroaromatics (2009)

An efficient Pd catalyst for the transformation of aryl chlorides, triflates, and nonaflates to nitroaromatics has been developed. This reaction proceeds under weakly basic conditions and displays a broad scope and excellent functional group compatibility. Moreover, this method allows for the synthesis of aromatic nitro compounds that cannot be accessed efficiently via other nitration protocols. Mechanistic insight into the transmetalation step of the catalytic process is also reported.
Isothiazole Ring Formation with Substituted 2‐Alkylthio‐3‐acyl‐4‐quinolinone Using O‐(Mesitylenesulfonyl)hydroxylamine (MSH). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Visual Recognition of Artifacts by Computer. (1979)

This work describes a set of programs which implements a bottom-up artifact modeling and recognizing system. This system is implemented on a DEC KI-10 in BLISS-10, MACRO-10, and FORTRAN. Sequences of stereoscopic pairs of images are digitized, frame by frame condensed to vertex-string-surface graphs (V-S-S graphs), and re-encoded as half chunk graphs (H-C graphs). The single frame processing requires approximately 20 minutes per image. Single image derived H-C graphs are matched by stereo pairs for depth, and by time interval pairs for motion. By using depth cues, motion cues and intensity feature labels, individual object subgraphs are segmented. Individual object graphs are matched with and/or entered into an object graph library. The report describes two new edge detection algorithms, an edge-based region aggregation algorithm, a scan line oriented vertex-string encoding algorithm, a half chunk graph matching algorithm, and a histogram-based graph matching algorithm. The idea of the 'half chunk', an elemental curvature element which can be used to form scale and coordinate system invariant object graphs (or 'feature' centered object models) is introduced.
Enhanced and tunable surface plasmons in two-dimensionalTi3C2stacks: Electronic structure versus boundary effects (2014)

The dielectric response of two-dimensional (2D) ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}$ stacked sheets was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron energy-loss spectroscopy and ab initio calculations in the 0.2--30-eV energy range. Intense surface plasmons (SPs), evidenced at the nanometer scale at energies as low as 0.3 eV, are shown to be the dominant screening process up to at least 45-nm-thick stacks. This domination results from a combination of efficient free-electron dynamics, begrenzungs effect, and reduced interband damping. It is shown that, in principle, the SPs energies can be tuned in the mid-infrared, from 0.2 to 0.7 eV, by controlling the sheets' functionalization and/or thickness. This point evidences a new attribute of this new class of 2D materials.
Anti-HB-EGF Antibody-Mediated Delivery of siRNA to Atherosclerotic Lesions in Mice (2018)

For atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACD), gene therapy may be a potential therapeutic strategy; however, lack of effective and safe methods for gene delivery to atherosclerotic plaques have limited its potential therapeutic applications. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel antibody-based gene delivery system (anti-HB-EGF/NA vector) by chemically crosslinking antibodies against human heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF). It has been shown to be excessively expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques and NeutrAvidin (NA) for conjugating biotinylated siRNA. Immunofluorescence staining and quantitative flow cytometry analysis using human HB-EGF-expressing cells showed both antibody-mediated selective cellular targeting and efficient intracellular delivery of conjugated biotin-fluorescence. Moreover, we demonstrated antibody-mediated significant and selective gene knockdown via conjugation with anti-HB-EGF/NA vector and biotinylated siRNA (anti-HB-EGF/NA/b-siRNA) in vitro. Furthermore, using high fat-fed human HB-EGF knock-in and apolipoprotein E-knockout (Hbegf hz/hz; Apoe-/-) mice, we demonstrated that the anti-HB-EGF/NA vector, conjugating biotin-fluorescence, increasingly accumulated within the atherosclerotic plaques of the ascending aorta in which human HB-EGF expression levels were highly elevated. Moreover, in response to a single intravenous injection of anti-HB-EGF/NA/b-siRNA in a dose-dependent manner, qPCR analysis of laser-dissected atherosclerotic plaques of the ascending aorta showed significant knockdown of the reporter gene expression. These results suggest that the anti-HB-EGF antibody-mediated siRNA delivery could be a promising delivery system for gene therapy of ACD.
Quartz Microsensors for Monitoring Thin Film Thickness (1996)

This paper describes a quartz microsensor for monitoring thin film thickness. A microresonator of tuning fork-type with stepped vibration bars vibrating in torsion which can be approximately regarded as “clamped-free bar” is very available for monitoring thin film thickness because it has excellent frequency temperature behavior over a wide temperature range of room temperature to high one of about 200° C. In this paper, a relationship of resonant frequency to thin film thickness of Au and Al is theoretically and experimentally clarified for the microresonator, so that the frequency deviation is proportional to the film thickness deposited on the top of the tuning arms, and the calculated values are in good agreement with the measured ones. This microresonator is, therefore, very available for monitoring thin film thickness.
US Consumers’ Perceptions of Raw and Cooked Broken Rice (2021)

Rice supplies about 20% of the calories to the world's consumers. Milling removes the outer husk and bran, breaking about 20% of the rice kernels during the milling process that equates to almost 100,000,000 tons of rice annually. Broken rice is discounted in price by almost half or relegated to non-human consumption. This study seeks to understand why this large percentage of rice production is discounted for human consumption. Consumers who routinely consume rice evaluated raw and cooked rice with 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% levels of brokens. Sensory analysis indicated the appearance of raw rice with high levels of brokens affected the price consumers were willing to pay. Panelists were not able to discern sensory differences amongst cooked rice samples with different brokens percentages despite an eight-fold difference in brokens (<i>p</i> < 0.01). From this, we concluded that the price discounts imposed on broken rice are not because of perceived differences in the eating quality of cooked rice. Overall impression and overall texture were the two most significant determinants in willingness to purchase rice. The five cooked-rice samples with different levels of broken rice inclusion did not differ in terms of willingness to purchase.
Pretreatment of colon carcinoma cells with Tomudex enhances 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity. (1998)

The cytotoxic effect of sequence and dose of Tomudex (TX) and 5-fluorouracil (FUra) on an HCT-8 colon carcinoma cell line using a clonogenic assay was evaluated. Synergistic cell kill was obtained with 24 h of exposure to TX followed by 4 h of exposure to FUra. Marginal synergy was obtained with the same sequence but with a 5-day exposure to FUra. The reverse sequence, FUra (either 4 h or 5 days), followed by TX (24 h), resulted in less-than-additive cell kill. The synergistic effect was not due to augmented inhibition of thymidylate synthase, as determined by the measurement of thymidylate synthase activity by tritium release from [5-3H]2'-deoxyuridine. Surprisingly, an increase in intracellular levels of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate was observed after 24 h of exposure to TX, suggesting the possibility of an indirect effect of TX and/or its polyglutamates on purine biosynthesis. Moreover, we observed an increased formation of FUra nucleotides in the cells preexposed to TX, likely due to the increased intracellular levels of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, that as a consequence led to an enhanced incorporation of FUra into RNA and increased cell killing.
Chemical vapor deposition of Ge nanocrystals on SiO2 (2003)

We present a detailed study of the growth of Ge nanocrystals (NCs) on SiO2 by chemical vapor deposition. A two-step process was developed. First, Si nuclei are deposited on SiO2 using SiH4 as a gaseous precursor. Then, Ge NCs grow selectively on the Si nuclei previously formed. The density of the Ge NCs is adjustable in between 109 and 1012 cm−2. Their mean size varies between 5 and 50 nm. We have shown, combining grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, that pure Ge NCs are grown in a polycrystalline phase on a SiO2 surface.
Linking discrete and continuum diffusion models: Well-posedness and stable finite element discretizations (2022)

In the context of mathematical modeling, it is sometimes convenient to integrate models of different nature. These types of combinations, however, might entail difficulties even when individual models are well-understood, particularly in relation to the well-posedness of the ensemble. In this article, we focus on combining two classes of dissimilar diffusive models: the first one defined over a continuum and the second one based on discrete equations that connect average values of the solution over disjoint subdomains. For stationary problems, we show unconditional stability of the linked problems and then the stability and convergence of its discretized counterpart when mixed finite elements are used to approximate the model on the continuum. The theoretical results are highlighted with numerical examples illustrating the effects of linking diffusive models. As a side result, we show that the methods introduced in this article can be used to infer the solution of diffusive problems with incomplete data.
17.6 A 21.7-to-26.5GHz Charge-Sharing Locking Quadrature PLL with Implicit Digital Frequency-Tracking Loop Achieving 75fs Jitter and −250dB FoM (2020)

Sub-sampling (SS) and injection-locking (IL) techniques are becoming increasingly popular for 5G millimeter-wave (mmW) frequency generation [1], [2] due to their ability to achieve ultra-low jitter (<; 100fs). However, as indicated in Fig. 17.6.1 (top-left), sub-sampling PLLs (SS-PLL) typically suffer from high-power consumption, especially in mmW VCO buffers, which isolate the VCO from its sampler for reducing reference spurs, and in the high-speed dividers [2]-[4]. Also, the analog loop filter usually occupies large area. On the other hand, the IL technique for mmW frequency generation requires power-hungry high-frequency injection (~GHz) to fully suppress the oscillator phase noise [1], [4] and cannot ensure robustness over PVT (process, voltage, temperature) [4], which requires an additional frequency-tracking loop (FTL), see Fig. 17.6.1 (top-right). Furthermore, there exists a significant danger of a timing-race problem between the injection reference and FTL, since the frequency error may be corrected by IL before the FTL senses it. In [1], the FTL based on a phase averaging technique can solve the timing-race problem but requires a QVCO and an analog loop filter with relatively large area.
Surface reaction mechanisms during atomic layer deposition of zirconium oxide using water, ethanol, and water-ethanol mixture as the oxygen sources (2019)

The authors have investigated the surface reaction mechanisms during the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZrO2 from tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)zirconium (TEMAZ) with H2O, C2H5OH, and H2O-C2H5OH mixture as the oxygen sources. The ligand-exchange reactions were characterized using in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the film growth was recorded using in situ four-wavelength ellipsometry. In the H2O-based ALD process, as expected, surface –OH groups were the reactive sites for TEMAZ, and a growth per cycle (GPC) of ∼1.1 Å was obtained at 200 °C. Contrary to previous reports, no film growth was observed for the C2H5OH-based ALD process. During the TEMAZ half-cycle, the –OC2H5-terminated surface obtained after the C2H5OH half-cycle simply underwent ligand exchange without any addition of Zr to the surface, most likely forming Zr[N(CH3)(C2H5)]4 – x[OC2H5]x (1 ≤ x ≤ 3) as the byproduct. Film growth was observed during the ALD of ZrO2 using an H2O-C2H5OH mixture as the oxygen source. The addition of C2H5OH reduced the surface hydroxyl coverage by forming surface ethoxide sites, which did not contribute to film growth. This in turn led to a lower GPC, ∼0.6 Å, compared to the TEMAZ/H2O ALD process.
Design of a Compact Superconducting Crab-Cavity for LHC Using Nb-on-Cu-Coating Technique (2015)

The design of a compact superconducting crab-cavity for LHC using Nb-on-Cu-coating technique is presented. The cavity shape is based on the ridged waveguide resonator with wide open apertures to provide access to the inner surface of the cavity for coating. It also provides natural damping for HOMs and rather low longitudinal and transverse impedances. The results of the cavity shape optimization taking into account RF performance, coating, and thermo-mechanical considerations as well as the design and fabrication plans of the first prototype for coating and cold tests are presented.
Astrocytoma cell interaction with elastin substrates: Implications for astrocytoma invasive potential (1999)

Elastin has been identified within the meninges and the microvasculature of the normal human brain. However, the role that elastin plays in either facilitating astrocytoma cell attachment to these structures or modulating astrocytoma invasion has not been previously characterized. We have recently shown that astrocytoma cell lines and specimens produce tropoelastin, and express the 67 kDa elastin binding protein (EBP). In the present report, we have established that astrocytoma cells attach to elastin as a substrate in vitro. The U87 MG astrocytoma cell line demonstrated the greatest degree of adhesion. In addition, all astrocytoma cell lines examined were capable of penetrating and migrating through an intact elastin membrane, and of degrading tritiated-elastin, a process that could be prevented by the pre-incubation of astrocytoma cells with EDTA, but not with alpha1-antitrypsin. Astrocytoma cells were also capable of penetrating 1 mm sections of human brain tissue maintained as organotypic cultures. Interestingly, the invasive potential of cultured astrocytoma cells plated on organotypic cultures of human brain was significantly increased after exposure to elastin degradation products (kappa-elastin), which interact with astrocytoma cell surface EBP. Our data show that astrocytoma cells express a functional 67 kDa EBP, enabling them to potentially recognize and attach to elastin as a substrate. These data also suggest that this elastin receptor may be involved in processes which regulate regional astrocytoma invasion.