gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mouse and Human Antibodies that Bind HLA-E-Leader Peptide Complexes and Enhance NK Cell Cytotoxicity (2020)

ABSTRACT HLA-E is a non-classical class Ib molecule that has limited polymorphism and binds HLA class Ia leader peptides (VL9). HLA-E-VL9 complexes interact with the natural killer (NK) cell receptors NKG2A-C/CD94 and regulate NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Here we isolated a murine IgM antibody 3H4, that specifically recognized HLA-E-VL9 bound complexes and enhanced killing of HLA-E-VL9-expressing cells by an NKG2A + NK cell line. Structural analysis revealed how 3H4 prevents CD94/NKG2A docking on HLA-E-VL9 by binding with an overlapping footprint. Upon in vitro maturation, an affinity-optimized 3H4 IgG showed enhanced NK killing of HLA-E-VL9-expressing cells. Remarkably, HLA-E-VL9-specific IgM autoantibodies with similar specificity and functions to 3H4 were subsequently isolated from naïve B cells of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-negative, healthy male human donors. Thus, a repertoire of germline low affinity HLA-E-VL9-reactive antibodies are present in both naïve human and murine B cell repertoires. These antibodies can enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and therefore have potential for therapeutic modulation of NK cell function.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) Latex Prepared by Living Free Radical Emulsion Polymerization Using a Surface Active Iniferter (Suriniferter) and Its Properties (2003)

A novel surfactant active RAFT agent as a suriniferter,composed of dithiobenzoyl main structure and benzoic hydrophobic/carboxylate hydrophilic moiety, was synthesized and applied to living radical emulsion polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) initiated by UV irradiation in the absence of added surfactant and additional initiator at various temperatures.Stable spherical beads of PMMA were successfully obtained using the suriniferter, maintaining the living radical polymerization characteristics. The PDI varies from 1.21 to 1.43 and the final particle sizes vary from 407 to 304 nm with increase in polymerization temperature from 60 to 80℃.The ratio of the triad tacticity for svndiotactic.atactic. and isotactic configurations of the synthesized PMMA is 54.3,38.6, and 7.1, respectively, and the glass transition temperature(Tg) is 126.6℃, which is much higher than that of the commercial PMMA (Tg=105℃).
Biological optimization, the Goldilocks principle, and how much islagomin the preimplantation embryo (2016)

The quiet embryo hypothesis postulates that early embryo viability is associated with a relatively low metabolism (Leese, 2002 BioEssays 24: 845-849). This proposal is re-visited here using retrospective and prospective data on the metabolic activity and kinetics of preimplantation development alongside the concept that an optimal range of such indices and of energetic efficiency influences embryogenesis. It is concluded that these considerations may be rationalized by proposing the existence of a "Goldilocks zone," or as it is known in Sweden, of lagom-meaning "just the right amount"-within which embryos with maximum developmental potential can be categorized. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 748-754, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultra-low-crosstalk multicore fiber-integrated pump-signal combiner for a core-pumped EDFA (2023)

Fiber-integrated, submersible-qualified, core-pumped, multicore EDFAs are indispensable for space-division-multiplexing envisioned for the next generation of submarine communication lines. Here we demonstrate a fully packaged, 63-dB counter-propagating crosstalk, and 70-dB-return-loss four-core pump-signal-combiner. This enables core-pumping of a four-core EDFA.
A PSIM-based modeling tool for conventional, electric, and hybrid electric vehicles studies (2003)

The More Electric Vehicles (MEV) concept emphasizes the utilization of electrical systems instead of mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems to optimize vehicle fuel economy, emissions, performance, and reliability. In addition, the need for improvement in comfort, convenience, entertainment, safety, security, and communications necessitates more electric automotive systems. As a result, an electric power distribution system with larger capacity and more complex configuration is required to facilitate increasing electrical loads. Due to the environmental concerns, there is also a definite development towards new propulsion systems for the future cars in the form of electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EV and HEV). Most of these new electrical systems in advanced cars utilize power electronic converters and motor drives. In this paper, a modeling tool, which has been developed to study automotive systems using PSIM software, is presented. Different heat engines, transmissions, differentials, mechanical systems, control strategies, batteries, solar cells, and fuel cells have been modeled to enable simulation of vehicular systems. Suitability of the software package in design of different automotive systems is explored as well.
2‐Hydroxyadipic Acid Production by Oxidation of 2‐Hydroxycyclohexanone with Molecular Oxygen (2023)

Abstract Oxidation of 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone (2‐HCO) which can be synthesized from both petroleum and biomass was investigated with heteropolyacids and oxygen as catalysts and oxidant, respectively. 2‐Hydroxyadipic acid (2‐HAA) was obtained in moderate yields, and H 4 PVW 11 O 40 gave the highest yield (39 %). 2‐HAA is a dicarboxylic acid expected to be a monomer, and this work is the first report for production of 2‐HAA by catalytic oxidation reactions. The oxidation of 1,2‐cyclohexanedione (CHDO), which is a potential intermediate of 2‐HCO oxidation, produced similar yield of 2‐HAA even without catalyst. The effects of catalyst amount (first order), oxygen pressure (almost zero order) and the addition of radical scavenger (no effect) on the 2‐HCO oxidation with H 4 PVW 11 O 40 catalyst were similar to those in a related case of 2‐methoxycyclohexanone oxidation to adipic acid with heteropolyacid catalyst. 2‐HCO is proposed to be oxidized to CHDO as a precursor of 2‐HAA in a similar mechanism to 2‐methoxycyclohexanone oxidation.
Active thermal control of power electronic modules (2006)

Active thermal control techniques make it feasible to regulate the steady state and transient thermal-mechanical stress in power electronic modules for applications such as motor drives. Online junction temperature estimation and manipulation of the switching frequency and current limit to regulate the losses are used to prevent overtemperature and power cycling failures in insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power modules. The techniques developed in this work are used to actively control the junction temperature of the power module. This control strategy improves power module reliability and increases utilization of the silicon thermal capacity by providing sustained operation at maximum attainable performance limits.
Amplification of subnanosecond light pulses by a synchronously fired Nd:YAG laser (1985)

We have used a simple dye laser driven by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as an amplifier for subnanosecond pulses from a nitrogen laser driven dye laser. Energy gains of up to 150 are observed, with final pulse energies of 200 μJ at 650 nm.
Characterization of a nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae thermonuclease (2018)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) has been shown to form biofilms, comprised of extracellular DNA (eDNA), in the middle ear and bronchus during clinical infections. Studies in our laboratory have shown that NTHi possesses a homolog of Staphylococcus aureus thermonuclease (staphylococcal thermonuclease), NTHi nuclease (NTHi Nuc, HI_1296). This enzyme had similar size, heat stability, and divalent cation requirements to those of the staphylococcal homolog as determined by light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis suggested an overall shape and substrate-binding site comparable to those of staphylococcal nuclease. However, NTHi Nuc was approximately 25-fold more active in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) activity assay than staphylococcal thermonuclease. Homology modeling implicates shorter NTHi Nuc loops near the active site for this enhanced activity.
Contrabass: Concurrent transmissions without coordination for ad hoc networks (2011)

A practical protocol jointly considering PHY and MAC for MIMO based concurrent transmissions in wireless ad hoc networks, called Contrabass, is presented. Concurrent transmissions refer to simultaneous transmissions by multiple nodes over the same carrier frequency within the same interference range. Contrabass is the first-to-date open-loop based concurrent transmission protocol which implements simultaneous channel training for concurrently transmitting links without any control message exchange. Its MAC protocol is designed for each active transmitter to independently decide to transmit with near optimal transmission probability. Contrabass maximizes the number of successful concurrent transmissions, thus achieving very high aggregate throughput, low delays and scalability even under dynamic environments. The design choices of Contrabass are deliberately made to enable practical implementation which is demonstrated through GNURadio implementation and experimentation.
Down‐regulation of the CD62L antigen as a possible mechanism for neutrophilia during inflammation (1998)

The expressions of both the CD11b/CD18 and CD62L (L-selectin) antigens as well as the absolute number of white blood cells in the peripheral circulating pool of blood in 116 patients with various inflammatory conditions were determined. A highly significant (P<0.0001) negative correlation (r = -0.57) was noted between the absolute number of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the expression of the CD62L antigen on their surface. In view of the role of CD62L antigen in the rolling of leucocytes along endothelial cells in the microvasculature, its down-regulation might explain, at least in part, the demargination and appearance of neutrophilia during inflammation.
Clinical and Economic Impact of HeartLogic™ Compared with Standard Care in Heart Failure Patients (2021)

Activation of the HeartLogic algorithm enables remote monitoring of HF patients, coincides with a significant reduction in hospitalizations for decompensated HF, and results in health economic benefits.
Validated Automatic Segmentation of AMD Pathology Including Drusen and Geographic Atrophy in SD-OCT Images (2011)

The automatic algorithm accurately and reproducibly segmented three retinal boundaries in images containing drusen and GA. This automatic approach can reduce time and labor costs and yield objective measurements that potentially reveal quantitative RPE changes in longitudinal clinical AMD studies. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00734487.).
A window to the future: Frontiers of glass research from a world perspective (2022)

Article discusses characteristics of glass, including its uses, properties, characteristics, and its research potential. It is the introduction for a special issue showcasing glass research.
A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐4(3H)‐Quinazolinones Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquid as Reaction Medium as well as Promoter (2005)

Abstract An efficient one‐pot synthesis of 2‐aryl‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones from 2‐amino benzamides and substituted benzoyl chlorides in a room temperature ionic liquid is described. Compared with the classical reaction conditions, this new synthetic method has the advantages of recyclability of ionic liquid, very good to excellent yields (78–92%), the absence of hazardous and expensive catalysts, and easy workup procedures giving rise to a process with minimum waste.
Thread-level parallelism and interactive performance of desktop applications (2000)

Multiprocessing is already prevalent in servers where multiple clients present an obvious source of thread-level parallelism. However, the case for multiprocessing is less clear for desktop applications. Nevertheless, architects are designing processors that count on the availability of thread-level parallelism. Unlike server workloads, the primary requirement of interactive applications is to respond to user events under human perception bounds rather than to maximize end-to-end throughput. In this paper we report on the thread-level parallelism and interactive response time of a variety of desktop applications. By tracking the communication between tasks, we can focus our measurements on the portions of the benchmark's execution that have the greatest impact on the user. We find that running our benchmarks on a dual-processor machine improves response time of mouse-click events by as much as 36%, and 22% on average---out of a maximum possible 50%. The benefits of multiprocessing are even more apparent when background tasks are considered. In our experiments, running a simple MP3 playback program in the background increases response time by 14% on a uniprocessor while it only increases the response time on a dual processor by 4%. When response times are fast enough for further improvements to be imperceptible, the increased idle time after interactive episodes could be exploited to build systems that are more power efficient.
Transcription factor MEF2C influences neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation and maturation in vivo (2008)

Emerging evidence suggests that myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors act as effectors of neurogenesis in the brain, with MEF2C the predominant isoform in developing cerebrocortex. Here, we show that conditional knockout of Mef2c in nestin-expressing neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) impaired neuronal differentiation in vivo, resulting in aberrant compaction and smaller somal size. NSC proliferation and survival were not affected. Conditional null mice surviving to adulthood manifested more immature electrophysiological network properties and severe behavioral deficits reminiscent of Rett syndrome, an autism-related disorder. Our data support a crucial role for MEF2C in programming early neuronal differentiation and proper distribution within the layers of the neocortex.
Policy Enabled ITA Sensor Fabric, A Distributed Framework for the Validation of Experimental Algorithms Using Real and Simulated Sensors (2008)

Research into the retrieval and dissemination of mission-specific information across sensor networks is leading to the development of many novel new algorithms and the definition of new paradigms for configuring and enforcing communication flow policies amongst the various components. Testing the relative merits of such algorithms and policies, and exploring interoperability issues between them, is difficult unless they share a common test and validation framework. The wide variety of algorithms being developed (including ontological, mission scripting, resource allocation, network routing, data fusion algorithms, and policies) presents unique challenges to the development of such a framework and its subsequent instrumentation to provide experimental results.This work demonstrates a prototype of such framework (or "Fabric"), built on top of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, used in a real-world sensor network deployment to experiment with the deployment of algorithms and gathering of live sensor data.
Effect of a breather soliton in Kerr frequency combs on optical communication systems (2016)

In this study, we numerically investigate the effect of Kerr-comb-generated breather soliton pulses on optical communication systems. The breather soliton pulse amplitude and spectrum envelope oscillate periodically in time. Simulations show that the spectrum of each comb line in the breather soliton state has multiple sub-teeth due to the periodic oscillation of the comb spectrum. In the simulation, the comb output is modulated with different formats. We find that the sub-teeth distort quadrature phase-shift-keyed signals but have less of an effect on on-off-keyed signals.
Therapy in nephrology & hypertension : a companion to Brenner & Rector's The kidney (2008)

Thoroughly revised, the new edition of this companion to Brenner & Rector's The Kidney equips you with today's guidance to effectively manage renal and hypertension patients. International authorities emphasize the specifics of treatment while presenting field-tested advice on the best therapeutic strategies available. New chapters of this title reflect the latest evidence impacting current clinical issues, while a new, two-color design helps you reference the information more easily. And now as an Expert Consult title, it offers convenient online access to the complete contents of the book - fully searchable - anytime, anywhere.
Hey, I know you are moving: producer movement status privacy in information-centric networking (2016)

Information-centric networking (ICN), an alternative for future networking architecture, offers great benefits to both consumers and producers from various dimensions, such as scalability, security and mobility. Unlike IP packets containing geographically dependent and host-centric IP addresses, neither ICN interest packets (issued by a content requester or consumer) nor ICN data packets (generated by a content source or producer) by-default leak any geographical information, and thus both consumers' and producers' locations are perfectly hidden if the adversary does not eavesdrop on the network communication. Location privacy, however, does not necessarily imply the privacy of movement status (i.e., whether the object is moving or not) that might open the door to profiling attacks towards producers especially in an IoT-driven era where each individual may act as a producer. In this paper, we are motivated by the following critical questions: (i) Can ICN preserve privacy of the producer's movement status, and (ii) If not, how can we preserve privacy of movement status if a producer is moving. We survey the current ICN mobility mechanisms and find that most of them are vulnerable to attacks on privacy of the movement status. We propose a simple approach that can be used to prevent such attacks. The objective of this paper is to raise the security awareness for network architects/designers when designing mobility support mechanisms.
Molecular Pathogenesis (2008)

In the past, B cells were considered a homogeneous population that gave rise toIg-secreting cells and memory B cells, following specific antigenic stimulation. In recentyears, this view has changed, and B cells are now documented as composed of differentsubpopulations, each with special functions (Fig. 1). These concepts emerged fromobservations in both humans and experimental animals suggesting that the B cell-richzone of peripheral lymphoid tissues segregates into functionally unique areas. For example,B-cell proliferation and selection occur in germinal centers (GCs) of lymphoid folliclesduring an antigenic response, promoting the specific expansion of the cells equipped withB-cell antigen receptors (BCRs) of the highest affinity for the stimulating antigen. In themantle of lymphoid follicles, there is an accumulation of “virgin” (foreign antigeninexperienced) cells that may be recruited into GCs by antigen stimulation. In contrast,B cells localized in the splenic marginal zone (MZ) can respond in a T cell-independentfashion by producing IgM antibodies against polysaccharide antigens of encapsulatedbacteria. B cells with similar features are detected in subepithelial areas of tonsils,subcapsular areas of lymph nodes, and dome regions of Peyer’s patches. Cells oflymphoid follicles and those of the MZ have dissimilar phenotypic and traffickingfeatures, mature by distinct pathways, and respond differently to cytokines andchemokines. This further highlights the diversity of B-cell subsets.
1 -Hydroxy-vitamin D2: a new look at an 'old' compound (1996)

Calcitriol is effective in suppressing PTH levels in haemodialysis patients with hyperparathyroidism but has a low therapeutic index. There is a search for other vitamin D sterols that suppress PTH but cause less hypercalcaemia. We review evidence that 1 alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D2 (1 alpha-D2) may be an effective and safer alternative to calcitriol. In vitamin D-deficient rats, 1 alpha-D2 is equipotent to 1 alpha-D3, which is converted to calcitriol before it acts; but, in normal rats, 1 alpha-D2 is much less toxic at high doses. In osteopenia models, either steroid-induced or following ovariectomy, 1 alpha-D2 is equal to or more effective than 1 alpha-D3 in preventing bone loss but causes less hypercalciuria. Studies in osteoporotic women reveal minimal hypercalciuria with 1 alpha-D2 at doses up to 4 micrograms/day, data suggesting greater safety than reported with calcitriol or 1 alpha-D3. Preliminary data in haemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism demonstrate the efficacy of 1 alpha-D2 in suppressing PTH levels with minimal untoward effects on serum Ca and no effects on serum P. Taken together, these observations suggest that 1 alpha-D2 deserves strong consideration as a therapeutic agent for secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with end-stage renal disease.
Tricoupled hybrid lattice Boltzmann model for nonisothermal drying of colloidal suspensions in micropore structures (2019)

A tricoupled hybrid lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is developed to simulate colloidal liquid evaporation and colloidal particle deposition during the nonisothermal drying of colloidal suspensions in micropore structures. An entropic multiple-relaxation-time multirange pseudopotential two-phase LBM for isothermal interfacial flow is first coupled to an extended temperature equation for simulating nonisothermal liquid drying. Then the coupled model is further coupled with a modified convection diffusion equation to consider the nonisothermal drying of colloidal suspensions. Two drying examples are considered. First, drying of colloidal suspensions in a two-pillar micropore structure is simulated in two dimensions (2D), and the final configuration of colloidal particles is compared with the experimental one. Good agreement is observed. Second, at the temperature of 343.15 K (70^{∘}C), drying of colloidal suspensions in a complex spiral-shaped micropore structure containing 220 pillars is simulated (also in 2D). The drying pattern follows the designed spiral shape due to capillary pumping, i.e., transport of the liquid from larger pores to smaller ones by capillary pressure difference. Since the colloidal particles are passively carried with liquid, they accumulate at the small menisci as drying proceeds. As liquid evaporates at the small menisci, colloidal particles are deposited, eventually forming solid structures between the pillars (primarily), and at the base of the pillars (secondarily). As a result, the particle deposition conforms to the spiral route. Qualitatively, the simulated liquid and particle configurations agree well with the experimental ones during the entire drying process. Quantitatively, the model demonstrates that the evaporation rate and the particle accumulation rate slowly decrease during drying, similar to what is seen in the experimental results, which is due to the reduction of the liquid-vapor interfacial area. In conclusion, the hybrid model shows the capability and accuracy for simulating nonisothermal drying of colloidal suspensions in a complex micropore structure both qualitatively and quantitatively, as it includes all the required physics and captures all the complex features observed experimentally. Such a tricoupled LBM has a high potential to become an efficient numerical tool for further investigation of real and complex engineering problems incorporating drying of colloidal suspensions in porous media.