gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A preliminary study of anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutyl-1-carboxylic acid for the detection of prostate cancer. (2007)

FACBC PET is believed to be useful not only for the visualization of human PCa but also for differentiating between PCa and inflammation and between PCa and BHP.
Hamster Prions Are a Suitable Model for Partitioning of Human CJD Prions during Plasma Processing Steps. (2004)

Abstract Prion removal evaluation of plasma processing procedures is one important basis to assess the margin of safety of plasma protein therapeutics. Currently, in these evaluation studies to assess the removal capacity of selected manufacturing steps for human prions mainly prions derived from scrapie-infected hamsters or mice are used in spiking studies. In order to test the validity of hamster prions instead of different human prion strains as spiking reagents, we compared the partitioning of these prion preparations at two purification steps common to the manufacturing of several human plasma-derived therapeutic proteins at ZLB Behring. The glycine precipitation (inherent in the manufacture of e.g., vWF/Factor VIII) and the 25% ethanol precipitation step (inherent in the manufacture of e.g., alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor and albumin) were down scaled to mimic the production process. A microsomal membrane preparation as well as purified full-length pathogenic prion (PrPSc; without membrane association) prepared (a) from hamster brains infected with the model scrapie strain Sc237, (b) from brains of transgenic mice infected with human sporadic CJD prions, and (c) from the brain of a patient who died of vCJD were used for spiking experiments. The different prion preparations were spiked to the starting material of the manufacturing steps studied and the manufacturing step was performed in a dedicated laboratory. The amount of PrPSc in all fractions was determined quantitatively utilizing an ELISA-formatted Conformation Dependent Immunoassay [Safar et al., Nat Med1998; 41157–1165]. The 25% ethanol precipitation removed very effectively all prion preparations equally regardless of their origin (reduction factor ≥ 3 log10). The glycine precipitation removed the microsomal as well as the purified prion preparations from all species equally whereby prions of the purified prion preparation were removed to a considerably higher degree than the membrane preparation (reduction factor ≥ 3 log10 vs. 1.6 to 1.8 log10). In parallel, prion infectivity of each sample is currently tested in animal bioassays involving transgenic mice susceptible for the tested prion strain. It can be concluded, up to now based on immunological data, that spiked hamster prions are a reliable model to confirm the safety of human plasma-derived products also for human derived prions.
Photogenerated base in polymer curing and imaging: Design of reactive styrenic copolymers susceptible to a base-catalyzed ?-elimination (1997)

A novel family of functionalized styrenic copolymers that are susceptible to a base-catalyzed β-elimination reaction is reported. The reactive copolymers, poly-{(2-phenyl-2-cyanoethoxycarbonyloxystyrene)-co-(4-hydroxystyrene)}, are prepared by chemical modification of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) using 2-phenyl-2-cyanoethyl chloroformate. A photoresist material consisting of the copolymer and bis[[(2-nitrobenzyl)-oxy] carbonyl]-4,4′-trimethylenedipiperidine used as an amine photogenerator affords positive tone images by UV irradiation. The effect of copolymer structure and composition on imaging, thermal stability, and the ease of β-elimination reaction is discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3543–3552 1997
Optical sensors for versatile carbon dioxide monitoring devices (Conference Presentation) (2023)

There is strong medical demand for continuous CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) monitoring. While there has been significant progress in the development of CO2 sensors, their implementation with optical wearable device remains under-explored. We have developed highly sensitive, rapidly responding, humidity insensitive and photostable CO2 sensing materials that can be used with optical wireless wearable device for real-time monitoring pCO2. The preliminary results reveal the prototype device is able to reliably detect reversible CO2 changes within physiological ranges.
Last Chance for Prevention (Acute Prevention): Identification of Prodromal Symptoms and Early Heart Attack Care (2010)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the USA. Millions of dollars are spent each year for research efforts to find the best therapy for reperfusion of acutely closed coronary arteries, which would otherwise lead to acute myocardial infarction (MI). As with other disease states, heart attacks have beginnings. Chest discomfort before severe chest pain represents a clinical ischemia marker, and indicates live myocardium in jeopardy that often precedes cardiac arrest or acute MI. The intermittent or stuttering symptoms that precede MI are referred to as “prodromal symptoms.” These symptoms correlate with cyclic ST changes and repeated episodes of spontaneous reperfusion and occlusion, occurring during a period of hours or days before the ischemia proceeds to damage. Premonitory, or preinfarct angina, has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with acute MI by providing ischemic preconditioning or opening collateral vessels. Acute MI prevention through prodromal symptoms recognition represents an opportunity for reducing heart attack fatality. In conjunction with the Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication (SHAPE) initiative, the Early Heart Attack Care program emphasizes prodromal symptom recognition in at-risk populations, facilitating early detection and prevention of fatal heart attacks. Similarly, the strategy behind the chest pain centre movement in the USA is to prepare the hospitals for proper screening of patients suspected of acute coronary syndromes and to detect patients with prodromal symptoms in the community. In the era of the remarkably facilitated communication of Google, iPhone, Facebook, and Twitter, new developments are urgently needed to incorporate information technology into the early detection of prodromal symptoms. An example of such a development is proposed under “ http://www.checkmyheart.com ” in this chapter.
Bioremediation of high explosives (1995)

Manufacture and use of high explosives has resulted in contamination of ground water and soils throughout the world. The use of biological methods for remediation of high explosives contamination has received considerable attention in recent years. Biodegradation is most easily studied using organisms in liquid cultures. Thus, the amount of explosive that can be degraded in liquid culture is quite small. However, these experiments are useful for gathering basic information about the biochemical pathways of biodegradation, identifying appropriate organisms and obtaining rates of degradation. The authors` laboratory has investigated all three major areas of explosives bioremediation: explosives in solution, explosives in soil, and the disposal of bulk explosives from demilitarization operations. They investigated the three explosives most commonly used in modern high explosive formulations: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX).
Continuous-flow synthesis of primary amines: Metal-free reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro derivatives with trichlorosilane (2016)

The metal-free reduction of nitro compounds to amines mediated by trichlorosilane was successfully performed for the first time under continuous-flow conditions. Aromatic as well as aliphatic nitro derivatives were converted to the corresponding primary amines in high yields and very short reaction times with no need for purification. The methodology was also extended to the synthesis of two synthetically relevant intermediates (precursors of baclofen and boscalid).
High spatial resolution brain functional MRI using submillimeter balanced steady‐state free precession acquisitiona) (2013)

It is concluded that the bSSFP sequence is a plausible technique for fMRI investigations at submillimeter voxel widths without compromising fCNR. The reduction of partial volume averaging with nonactivated brain tissues to retain fCNR is uniquely suitable for high spatial resolution applications such as the resolving of columnar organization in the brain.
Performance improvement of automatic speech recognition systems via multiple language models produced by sentence-based clustering (2004)

Grammar-based speech recognition systems exhibit performance degradation as their vocabulary sizes increase. Data clustering is deemed to reduce the proportionality of this problem. We introduce an approach to data clustering for automatic speech recognition systems using kohonen self-organized map. Clustering results are used further to build a language model for each of the clusters using CMU-Cambridge toolkit. The approach was implemented as a prototype for a large vocabulary and continuous speech recognition system and about 8% performance improvement was achieved in comparison with the performance achieved using the language model and dictionary provided by Sphinx3. We present the experimental results along with discussions, analysis and potential future directions.
A Platform for Three-dimensional On-chip Photonics: Multi-bonded Silicon-On-Insulator wafers (2011)

We propose a novel platform for three dimensional photonics. A double layer 1x12 multimode interference coupler is fabricated on a double-bounded Silicon-on-insulator wafer. Optical characterizations confirm low insertion loss and uniform outputs.
Positive Temperature Coefficient SiC PiN Diodes (2012)

Integration of patterned ballast resistance into the anode of SiC PiNs is a solution to the dilemma of negative dV f /dT for such diodes. In fabricated 4H-SiC PiN diodes, we demonstrate a cross-over from negative to positive temperature coefficient for current densities as low as 80 A/cm 2 . Adjusting the percentage of the patterned anode area, the positive or neutral dV f /dT can be achieved over a wide current-density range without substantial penalty in the forward voltage drop. This characteristic is crucial for high-power SiC packages with ganged-parallel rectifier arrays.
Emerging Nanostructures and Devices for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (2007)

We are combining advances in materials synthesis, microfabrication, biology and engineering to develop multiplexed engineered platforms for bio-diagnostics and non-invasive imaging using nanostructured materials. On one front, we have developed a completely electronic signal transduction scheme for specific biomolecular binding events on microcantilever platform. Such label-and optics-free detection approach for biochemical analytes promises a widely affordable versatile diagnostics system. We are also developing complex multifunctional architecture based on magnetic nanostructures for MR imaging and therapeutics. The core philosophy of our approach is the merger and synergy of physical sciences, engineering and biology, which promise to open new vistas for advanced imaging, diagnostics and therapeutic systems.
Effective Post-Silicon Validation of System-on-Chips Using Quick Error Detection (2014)

This paper presents the Quick Error Detection (QED) technique for systematically creating families of post-silicon validation tests that quickly detect bugs inside processor cores and uncore components (cache controllers, memory controllers, and on-chip interconnection networks) of multicore system on chips (SoCs). Such quick detection is essential because long error detection latency, the time elapsed between the occurrence of an error due to a bug and its manifestation as an observable failure, severely limits the effectiveness of traditional post-silicon validation approaches. QED can be implemented completely in software, without any hardware modification. Hence, it is readily applicable to existing designs. Results using multiple hardware platforms, including the Intel® Core™ i7 SoC, and a state-of-the-art commercial multicore SoC, along with simulation results using an OpenSPARC T2-like multicore SoC with bug scenarios from commercial multicore SoCs demonstrate: 1) error detection latencies of post-silicon validation tests can be very long, up to billions of clock cycles, especially for bugs inside uncore components; 2) QED shortens error detection latencies by up to nine orders of magnitude to only a few hundred cycles for most bug scenarios; and 3) QED enables up to a fourfold increase in bug coverage.
Design and fabrication of a high-density flexible microelectrode array (2017)

Retinal prosthesis can be utilized for restoring vision to blind patients caused by retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration. We proposed a 1025-channel high-density flexible microelectrode array (fMEA) for retinal prosthesis based on two kinds of substrate materials: polyimide (PI) and parylene-C (PA). We designed the fMEA with 25×41 pixels, and the diameter of each stimulating microelectrode was 60 µm with a center-to-center spacing of 160 µm. The fMEA was microfabricated with dual-metal-layer structure based on a simplified fabrication process. Meanwhile, the as-fabricated samples were electroplated with platinum gray, which significantly reduced the electrochemical impedance from 110 kΩ to 16 kΩ at 1 kHz, and also provided much larger charge storage capacity. We expect these results will promote the engineering of high-density fMEA for neural stimulation and recording.
Thermal conductivity of Si/SiGe and SiGe/SiGe superlattices (2002)

The cross-plane thermal conductivity of four Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 superlattices and three Si0.84Ge0.16/Si0.76Ge0.24 superlattices, with periods ranging from 45 to 300 and from 100 to 200 Å, respectively, were measured over a temperature range of 50 to 320 K. For the Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 superlattices, the thermal conductivity was found to decrease with a decrease in period thickness and, at a period thickness of 45 Å, it approached the alloy limit. For the Si0.84Ge0.16/Si0.76Ge0.24 samples, no dependence on period thickness was found and all the data collapsed to the alloy value, indicating the dominance of alloy scattering. This difference in thermal conductivity behavior between the two superlattices was attributed to interfacial acoustic impedance mismatch, which is much larger for Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 than for Si0.84Ge0.16/Si0.76Ge0.24. The thermal conductivity increased slightly up to about 200 K, but was relatively independent of temperature from 200 to 320 K.
Monitoring of high-intensity focused ultrasound lesion formation using decorrelation between high-speed ultrasonic images by parallel beamforming (2014)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a type of therapeutic treatment in which ultrasound is focused to a target tissue such as cancer to be thermally coagulated. To enhance the safety and accuracy of HIFU treatment, a noninvasive method of monitoring the thermal lesion formation is important. A potential method for this purpose is ultrasound imaging. In this study, high-speed imaging by parallel beamforming was performed using ultrasound RF signals acquired during HIFU exposure, and the distribution of the cross-correlation coefficient between RF frames was calculated to estimate the tissue coagulation. Using high-speed imaging, HIFU can be irradiated quasi-continuously. The result shows that the decorrelation was observed at and around the focal spot of HIFU exposure. The decorrelation was induced by the change in RF signals owing to tissue coagulation, which was confirmed by the fact that the emergence and increase in the number of decorrelated pixels at and around the focal spot corresponded to the start and progress of tissue coagulation.
Design of a converter for photovoltaic panels testing (2015)

A solar panel or module, under different irradiation and temperature conditions, is characterized by its I-V characteristic curve. The evaluation of these curves allows to completely characterize the panel from the performance point of view. As well known, the performance of the photovoltaic (PV) system in terms of generated power depends not only on the photovoltaic panel quality but also on the employed maximum power point tracker algorithms (MPPT). In technical literature many MPPT algorithms have been proposed but a clear method to compare their performances is missing. For this reason a good system for the evaluation of PV technology allowing to test different PV panels with different tracking algorithms in the same environmental conditions could be very useful. In this paper the design and implementation of a system oriented to the characterization of PV systems and to the comparison of MPPT algorithms will be proposed. It allows to measure the characteristic curves of a panel and easily to implement MPPT algorithms in different irradiation and temperature conditions. Experimental tests have been carried out to validate the performance of the system.
An envelope-following approach to switching power converter simulation (1991)

The implementation of an envelope-following method that is particularly efficient for open-loop switching power converters with fixed clock frequencies is described. A simple method for computing envelopes that involves solving a sequence of two-point boundary value problems is derived. The two-point boundary value problems are solved with a shooting or Newton method. The computations involved are explained and their implementation in the Nitswit program, along with results from using it to simulate several switching power circuits, is described. Results demonstrating the method's effectiveness are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Certified Federated Adversarial Training (2021)

In federated learning (FL), robust aggregation schemes have been developed to protect against malicious clients. Many robust aggregation schemes rely on certain numbers of benign clients being present in a quorum of workers. This can be hard to guarantee when clients can join at will, or join based on factors such as idle system status, and connected to power and WiFi. We tackle the scenario of securing FL systems conducting adversarial training when a quorum of workers could be completely malicious. We model an attacker who poisons the model to insert a weakness into the adversarial training such that the model displays apparent adversarial robustness, while the attacker can exploit the inserted weakness to bypass the adversarial training and force the model to misclassify adversarial examples. We use abstract interpretation techniques to detect such stealthy attacks and block the corrupted model updates. We show that this defence can preserve adversarial robustness even against an adaptive attacker.
Potential Microbial Utilization of Citrus Oil‐Mill Effluent (1986)

ABSTRACT Condida utilis (ATCC 9950) produced an average 0.21g protein per 100 mL citrus oil mill effluent while reducing the sugar content by 92.2% and the BOD by 33.8%. Limonene was removed from the effluent and sugars concentrated to 6.8% by membrane filtration. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 4111) produced 3.0% ethanol by volume while reducing the sugar content 90.3% when grown in the concentrated effluent. Hansenula holstii (ATCC 13689) and Rhodosporidium toruloides (ATCC 10788) were grown in the concentrated effluent diluted to 2.7% sugars. Crude lipid produced by R. toruloides was 26.3% of the cell dry weight, while H. holstii produced 0.3 g crude extracellular polysaccharide per 100 mL.
Normal Human Lung Epithelial Cells Inhibit Transforming Growth Factor-β Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation via Prostaglandin E2 (2015)

We provide the first direct experimental evidence that lung epithelial cells inhibit TGF-β induced myofibroblast differentiation and pro-fibrotic phenotypes in fibroblasts. This effect is not restricted by tissue origin, and is mediated, at least in part, by PGE2. Our data support the hypothesis that the epithelium plays a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis, and that damaged and/ or dysfunctional epithelium contributes to the development of fibrosis.
Optimum design change based on the sensitivity of Mutual Mean Compliance (MMC) (2019)

In the development the machine structure such as cars, we predict NVH(Noise, Vibration and Harshness) performance using CAE(Computer Aided Engineering）. This has resulted in that we can identify problems, realize early solutions for them and greatly shorten development period. However, in the market, the needs for reducing the frame weight has been increasing more and more due to CO2 emission regulation and energy saving, and vibration noise likely to occur on mechanical structure. Therefore, we need an analysis method to efficiently suggest countermeasure for ensuring NVH performance. We focus on Mutual Mean Compliance (MMC) as one of the methods to support understanding for vibration phenomena. MMC is a method that can specify the part to be modified by multiplying the transfer power and the transfer function in the whole system. MMC can propose effective structural change guidelines for the frequency of interest, but this method has a problem that there is a possibility of increasing the response of the adjacent peak due to the structural change with the focused frequency.
Elevated frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes in infants exposed to zidovudine in utero and postpartum to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV (2007)

Zidovudine-based antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) for treatment of HIV-infected pregnant women have markedly reduced mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) from approximately 25% to <1%. However, zidovudine (ZDV; AZT), a nucleoside analogue, induces chromosomal damage, gene mutations, and cancer in animals following direct or transplacental exposure. To determine if chromosomal damage is induced by ZDV in infants exposed transplacentally, we evaluated micronucleated reticulocyte frequencies (%MN-RET) in 16 HIV-infected ART-treated mother-infant pairs. Thirteen women received prenatal ART containing ZDV; three received ART without ZDV. All infants received ZDV for 6 weeks postpartum. Venous blood was obtained from women at delivery and from infants at 1-3 days, 4-6 weeks, and 4-6 months of life; cord blood was collected immediately after delivery. Ten cord blood samples (controls) were obtained from infants of HIV-uninfected women who did not receive ART. %MN-RET was measured using a single laser 3-color flow cytometric system. Tenfold increases in %MN-RET were seen in women and infants who received ZDV-containing ART prenatally; no increases were detected in three women and infants who received prenatal ART without ZDV. Specifically, mean %MN-RET in cord blood of ZDV-exposed infants was 1.67 +/- 0.34 compared with 0.16 +/- 0.06 in non-ZDV ART-exposed infants (P = 0.006) and 0.12 +/- 0.02 in control cord bloods (P < 0.0001). %MN-RET in ZDV-exposed newborns decreased over the first 6 months of life to levels comparable to cord blood controls. These results demonstrate that transplacentalZDV exposure is genotoxic in humans. Long-term monitoring of HIV-uninfected ZDV-exposed infants is recommended to ensure their continued health.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Preparation of Antitumoral α‐Keto‐imines Benzyldihydroisoquinolines by Selective Benzylic Oxidation with C/Pd in Acetonitrile. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.