gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Multiterrawatt femtosecond laser based on Ti:Sapphire</title> (1990)

Progress on developing a multiterrawatt source of pulses with duration <100 fsec is described. The laser system is based on chirped-pulse amplification in titanium-doped sapphire. Experimental results include the development of a stable oscillator running at 812 nm, using hybrid mode-locking and compressed pulse pumping to produce <60 fsec pulses. Two methods of active stabilization are used to produce reliable output. In addition, high-gain preamplification in Ti:sapphire has been demonstrated, using a high-quality pump beam to produce gains of 130 per pass, and -10,000 in a simple double-pass gain configuration, while avoiding crystal damage problems. Finally, grating pulse stretching and recompression from 60 fsec to ..3øø p and back down to 140 fsec has been demonstrated at low power.
All-optical control of ferromagnetic thin films and nanostructures: Competition between polarized light and applied magnetic field (2015)

The interplay of light and magnetism has been a topic of interest since the original observations of Faraday and Kerr where magnetic materials affect the light polarization. While these effects have historically been exploited to use light as a probe of magnetic materials there is increasing research on using polarized light to alter or manipulate magnetism. For instance deterministic magnetic switching without any applied magnetic fields using laser pulses of the circular polarized light has been observed for specific ferrimagnetic materials [1,2]. Very recently, we demonstrated, optical control of ferromagnetic materials ranging from magnetic thin films to multilayers and even granular films (fig.1) being explored for ultra-high-density magnetic recording [3,4]. Our finding shows that optical control of magnetic materials is a much more general phenomenon than previously assumed. These results challenge the current theoretical understanding and will have a major impact on data memory and storage industries via the integration of optical control of ferromagnetic bits. In this presentation we will study in detail the combine effect of applied magnetic field and polarized light. Depending on the light polarization and the applied field direction the two effect can add or cancel each other. The influence of both the helicity and the applied on domain structure is studied for different [Co/Pt] multilayers.
H3B-6527 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of FGFR4 in FGF19-Driven Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2017)

Activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR4 by FGF19 drives hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a disease with few, if any, effective treatment options. While a number of pan-FGFR inhibitors are being clinically evaluated, their application to FGF19-driven HCC may be limited by dose-limiting toxicities mediated by FGFR1-3 receptors. To evade the potential limitations of pan-FGFR inhibitors, we generated H3B-6527, a highly selective covalent FGFR4 inhibitor, through structure-guided drug design. Studies in a panel of 40 HCC cell lines and 30 HCC PDX models showed that FGF19 expression is a predictive biomarker for H3B-6527 response. Moreover, coadministration of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with H3B-6527 could effectively trigger tumor regression in a xenograft model of HCC. Overall, our results offer preclinical proof of concept for H3B-6527 as a candidate therapeutic agent for HCC cases that exhibit increased expression of FGF19. <i>Cancer Res; 77(24); 6999-7013. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A System Integrating HIFU Exposure Capabilities with Multiple Modes of Synchronous Ultrasonic Monitoring (2005)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert Muratore, Frederic L. Lizzi, Jeffrey A. Ketterling, Andrew Kalisz, Richard B. Bernardi, Christopher J. Vecchio; A System Integrating HIFU Exposure Capabilities with Multiple Modes of Synchronous Ultrasonic Monitoring. AIP Conf. Proc. 28 March 2005; 754 (1): 33–35. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1901593 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Between Achiral Silyl Enol Ethers and Achiral Aldehydes by Use of a Chiral, Promoter System. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Combination Therapy of Hypertension to Prevent Cardiovascular Events (COPE) Trial: Rationale and Design (2005)

A number of major clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical benefits of lowering blood pressure and have indicated that a majority of patients with hypertension will require more than one drug to achieve optimal blood pressure control. However, there is little data showing which antihypertensive combination best protects patients from cardiovascular events and which best achieves the target blood pressure with the fewest adverse events. The Combination Therapy of Hypertension to Prevent Cardiovascular Events (COPE) trial is the first large-scale investigator-initiated multicenter study with a prospective, randomized, open, blinded endpoint evaluation (PROBE) design to directly compare cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, incidence of adverse drug reaction, and degree of blood pressure reduction in Japanese hypertensive patients for a combination of angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers or thiazide diuretics in addition to a calcium antagonist, benidipine hydrochloride, with a response-dependent dose titration scheme. The COPE trial is being conducted with the cooperation of more than 100 centers and clinics in Japan and involves 3,000 patients, who will be followed for 3 years. Eligible patients are being enrolled from May 2003 until May 2006. Results from the COPE trial should provide new evidence for selecting optimal combination therapies for hypertensive patients.
Reconstruction of complex-valued propagating wave fields using the Hilbert–Hankel transform (1987)

In this paper the theory of the unilateral inverse Fourier transform and the unilateral Hankel transform is developed. The consistency between each transform and its bilateral version leads to an approximate real-part sufficiency condition for complex-valued one-dimensional even signals and two-dimensional circularly symmetric signals. The two-dimensional result is used in a reconstruction algorithm that is applied to synthetic -and experimental underwater acoustic fields.
${\rm NO}_{\rm x}$ Estimation in Diesel Engines via In-Cylinder Pressure Measurement (2013)

Heavy-duty (HD) Diesel engines are designed for on-road and off-road equipment with strongly varying operating conditions. In order to meet emission standards, several combustion control strategies and aftertreatment devices employing actual emission information have been developed. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are among the most constrained by regulations. In this brief, we present a NOx estimation method based on engine speed and indicated pressure measurement. A principal component analysis is performed to describe the information included in the pressure by means of a limited set of variables and L2 regularization techniques are used to derive a simple and reliable estimator. The proposed strategy is implemented on a real off-road HD Diesel engine and validated on both static and dynamic standard test cycles.
Pivotal Role of Rho-Associated Kinase 2 in Generating the Intrinsic Circadian Rhythm of Vascular Contractility (2012)

ROCK2 plays a pivotal role in generating the intrinsic circadian rhythm of vascular contractility by receiving a cue from RORα. The ROCK2-mediated intrinsic rhythm of vascular contractility may underlie the diurnal variation of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
Guided-Mode Resonance Grating with Self-Assembled Silver Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy (2014)

We designed and fabricated guided-mode resonance (GMR) gratings on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin film to generate a significantly enhanced local electric field for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were self-assembled onto the surface of the grating, which can provide a large amount of "hot-spots" for SERS sensing. The ITO gratings also exhibit excellent tolerance to fabrication deviations due to the large refractive index contrast of the ITO grating. Quantitative experimental results of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) demonstrate the best enhancement factor of ~14× on ITO gratings when compared with Ag NPs on a flat ITO film, and the limit of detection (LOD) of DTNB is as low as 10 pM.
Effect of Natural Milk Antibodies on Intestinal Flora (2011)

ヒト病原菌に対する抗体の摂取により，腸内細菌叢の改善が期待できるが，その情報は乏しい．我々は，ヒト病原菌に対するミルク由来の自然抗体を多く含む乳清蛋白を中高年健常人ボランティアに投与し，糞便細菌叢の変化をT-RFLP法とFISH法により解析した．T-RFLP法では，腸内細菌は29のOTU（菌の分類群）に分けられ，ミルク抗体の3週間の摂取により減少した菌はOTU369（クロストリジウムクラスターIV），OTU469（バクテロイデス），OTU853（バクテロイデス）であった．また，増加した菌はOTU366（バクテロイデス），OTU443（菌名未定），OTU995（クロストリジウムサブクラスターXIVa）で，ビフィズス菌，乳酸桿菌その他には影響が見られなかった．FISH法による解析は，ミルク抗体の影響を8週にわたり行った．全細菌数およびビフィズス菌には影響しなかった．大腸菌，ディフィシル菌，ウエルシュ菌は減少したのに対し，バクテロイデスとプレボテーラ，フラジリス菌，乳酸桿菌は増加した．ミルク抗体の糞便中への回収を測定すると，摂取したミルク抗体320mgの800μg (0.24％）が糞便中に回収された．ミルク抗体による腸内細菌叢への影響をエンドトキシンのトランスロケーション，関節リウマチの改善作用との関係について考察した．本研究を行うにあたり，WPCの自然抗体の研究にご協力いただきました女子栄養大学衛生学教室桑原祥浩教授・上田成子教授，本論文の作成にご助言いただきましたChondrex Inc. 寺戸国昭博士，また，本研究に参加していただいたボランティアの皆様に感謝申し上げます．
Both Nucleophile and Substrate Bind to the Catalytic Fe(II)-Center in the Type-II Methionyl Aminopeptidase from Pyrococcus furiosus (2005)

Metalloproteases utilize their active site divalent metal ions to generate a nucleophilic water/hydroxide. For methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs), the exact location of this nucleophile, as well as of the substrate, with respect to the active site metal ion is unknown. In order to address this issue, we have examined the catalytically competent Fe(II)-loaded form of PfMetAP-II ([Fe(PfMetAP-II)]) in the absence and presence of both nitric oxide (NO) and the substrate-analogue inhibitor butaneboronic acid (BuBA) by kinetic and spectroscopic (EPR, UV-vis) methods. NO binds to [Fe(PfMetAP-II)] with a Kd of 200 microM forming an {FeNO}7 complex. UV-vis spectra of the resulting [Fe(PfMetAP-II)]-NO complex indicate that the Fe(II) ion is six coordinate. These data suggest that NO binding occurs without displacing the bound aquo/hydroxo moiety in [Fe(PfMetAP-II)]. On the basis of EPR spectra, the resulting Fe-NO complex is best described as NO- (S = 1) antiferromagnetically coupled to a high-spin Fe(III) ion (S = 5/2). The addition of BuBA to [Fe(PfMetAP-II)]-NO displaces the coordinated water molecule forming a six-coordinate adduct. EPR data also indicate that an interaction between the bound NO- and BuBA occurs forming a complex that mimics an intermediate step between the Michaelis complex and the tetrahedral transition-state.
Using Well-Plate Microfluidic Devices to Conduct Shear-Based Thrombosis Assays (2011)

Shear stress plays a critical role in regulating platelet adhesion and thrombus formation at the site of vascular injury. As such, platelets are often examined in vitro under controlled shear flow conditions for their hemostatic and thrombotic functions. Common shear-based platelet analyses include the evaluation of genetic mutants, inhibitory or experimental compounds, matrix substrates, and the effects of different physiological and pathological shear forces. There are several laboratory instruments widely used for studying shear flow, including cone and plate viscometers and parallel plate perfusion chambers. These technologies vary widely in the types of samples, substrates, blood volumes, and throughput that are involved. Here, we describe a microfluidic system for platelet analysis under shear flow. We used the devices to study thrombus formation on collagen I and von Willebrand factor. The system was also used to investigate dose response to the antiplatelet compound, Abciximab, under shear flow conditions with an emphasis on maximizing the number of data points per single patient sample. The presented method confers multiple advantages over conventional approaches. These include the ability to assess up to 24 conditions simultaneously in real time, maintain identical physical conditions across experiments, and use extremely low donor volumes.
Phosphoprotein Associated with Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomains Differentially Modulates Src Kinase Activity in Brain Maturation (2011)

Src family kinases (SFK) control multiple processes during brain development and function. We show here that the phosphoprotein associated with glycosphigolipid-enriched microdomains (PAG)/Csk binding protein (Cbp) modulates SFK activity in the brain. The timing and localization of PAG expression overlap with Fyn and Src, both of which we find associated to PAG. We demonstrate in newborn (P1) mice that PAG negatively regulates Src family kinases (SFK). P1 Pag1(-/-) mouse brains show decreased recruitment of Csk into lipid rafts, reduced phosphorylation of the inhibitory tyrosines within SFKs, and an increase in SFK activity of >/ = 50%. While in brain of P1 mice, PAG and Csk are highly and ubiquitously expressed, little Csk is found in adult brain suggesting altered modes of SFK regulation. In adult brain Pag1-deficiency has no effect upon Csk-distribution or inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation, but kinase activity is now reduced (-20-30%), pointing to the development of a compensatory mechanism that may involve PSD93. The distribution of the Csk-homologous kinase CHK is not altered. Importantly, since the activities of Fyn and Src are decreased in adult Pag1(-/-) mice, thus presenting the reversed phenotype of P1, this provides the first in vivo evidence for a Csk-independent positive regulatory function for PAG in the brain.
Flow and Congestion Control (2001)

Heavy congestion leads to severe delay and loss problems in packet networks. The basic objective of flow or congestion control in a network is to efficiently regulate the transient streams of sessions, in a decentralized manner, in order to avoid congestion in the network. The term “session” is used somewhat loosely to refer to any communication process to which flow control is applied. Chapter 7 begins with a comprehensive survey of the flow control and congestion control algorithms used in most networks. Subsequent sections address flow and congestion control mechanisms for ATM and packet networks, respectively. A link-by-link rate-based flow control scheme called EASY is also introduced.
Enhanced pharmacological activity of Vitamin B12 and Penicillin as nanoparticles (2015)

Sonochemistry has become a well-known technique for fabricating nanomaterials. Since one of the advantages of nanomaterials is that they have higher chemical activities compared with particles in the bulk form, efforts are being made to produce nano organic compounds with enhanced biological activities that could be exploited in the medical area. This study uses the sonication technique to prepare nano Vitamin B12 and nano Penicillin, and demonstrates their enhanced biological and pharmacological activity. The size and morphology of the nano Penicillin and nano Vitamin B12 were investigated using electron microscopy as well as dynamic light scattering techniques. The sizes of Penicillin and Vitamin B12 nanoparticles (NPs) were found to be 70 and 120-180 nm, respectively. The bactericidal effect of nano Penicillin was studied and found to be higher than that of the bulk form. Reducing the size of Vitamin B12 resulted in their enhanced antioxidative activity as observed using the electron paramagnetic spectroscopy technique. The penetration depth of these organic NPs can be detected by an optical iterative method. It is believed that nano organic drugs fabrication will have a great impact on the medical field.
U.S. Military Use of Tourniquets from 2001 to 2010 (2014)

Average injury severity increased during the decade of war for casualties with extremity injury. Both tourniquet use rates and casualty survival rates rose when injuries were amenable to tourniquets.
Spatial random trees with applications to image classification (2005)

We develop a new methodology for constructing hierarchical stochastic image models called spatial random trees (SRTs) which admit polynomial-complexity exact inference algorithms. We use our framework of multitree dictionaries as the starting point for this construction. We develop an efficient algorithm for computing the EM updates and use it to estimate the model parameters. We illustrate our models and algorithms through image classification experiments.
<title>Study of bone ablation dynamics with sequenced pulses</title> (1991)

The dynamics of the ablation process was investigated in bone using two pulses separated by a variable time delay. In one experiment two sub- threshold 7.5 nsec duration pulses at (lambda) equals 355 nm with pulse separation ranging between 1 ns and 100 msec were used to ablate bone. Crater depths remained approximately constant for pulse separations up to approximately equals 100 nsec, then decreased monotonically in time to zero at 10 msec pulse separation. In another experiment the second pulse was replaced by a 7.5 nsec duration pulse at (lambda) equals 532 nm. The combination of sub-threshold pulses at two different wavelengths also ablated bone with a cutting quality matching that of the more strongly absorbed (lambda) equals 355 nm wavelength. Crater depths from dual wavelength ablation increased with increasing fluence in either contributing pulse. Practical consequences of these experiments are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: UNGESAETTIGTE KOHLENHYDRATE 14. MITT. ISOMERISIERUNG VON HEX‐2‐ENO‐PYRANOSYLPURINNUCLEOSID‐DERIVATEN (1971)

Abstract Die Kondensation des Glucals (I) mit dem Purin (II) liefert beim Erhitzen in Nitromethan in Gegenwart von Hg‐cyanid hauptsächlich die Nueleoside (III) und (IV), in siedendem Nitrobenzol dagegen die Nueleoside (V) und (VI), die auch aus (III) und (IV) durch Schmelzen in Gegenwart von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure (PTS) oder durch Erhitzen in Nitrobenzol erhalten werden.
Isolation and characterization of the 54-kDa and 22-kDa chitinase genes of Serratia marcescens KCTC21721 (2006)

A DNA fragment (pCHI5422) containing two genes encoding a 54-kD and a 22-kDa chitinase was isolated from a cosmid DNA library of Serratia marcescens KCTC2172. The complete nucleotide sequence of pCHI5422 consisting of 4581 bp was determined. The nucleotide sequence of the 22-kDa chitinase consists of 681 bp of open reading frame encoding 227 amino acids and is located 1422 bp downstream of the translation termination codon of the 54-kDa chitinase sequence. The 54-kDa chitinase gene consisted of 1497 bp in a single open reading frame encoding 499 amino acids. The genes encoding the 54-kDa and 22-kDa chitinase were separately subcloned in Escherichia coli and the individual chitinases were expressed and purified from the culture broth using chitin affinity chromatography. When chitohexaose was used as substrate, the major product of the enzymatic reaction of both the 54-kDa and 22-kDa chitinases was a (GlcNAc)2 dimer with a minor amount of monomer. The specific activity of the 54-kDa and 22-kDa chitinases were 300 microM (min)-1 mg-1 and 17 microM (min)-1 mg-1 on the natural swollen chitin, respectively.
Kinetic modeling for blood purification in critical care: this article is based on a study first reported in kidney and dialysis (in Japanese) (2015)

In blood purification therapies for critical care, there are no guidelines for selecting modalities of the treatment or for determining the treatment schedule, treatment time, and operating conditions, such as dialysate flow rate (Q D) and filtration flow rate (Q F). In this paper, the solute removal characteristics of blood purification for critical care and the optimal operating conditions for individual patients are discussed from the viewpoint of kinetic modeling. An in vitro study using an aqueous solution involving several marker solutes was performed. From a result of the continuous hemodialysis (CHD) experiments, the Q D should be required at least twice the patient’s blood flow rate (Q B) for sufficient removal of small molecular substances. CHD is of limited use for the removal of middle-sized molecules. During the continuous hemofiltration (CHF) experiments in the post-dilution mode, the maximum Q F value can be determined as about 1/4 of the Q B because of the existence of the formed elements. In summary of the continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) experiments, the Q F is about 1/4 of Q B value and the Q D should be set up at least twice the Q B value. The determination of adequate operating conditions for individual patients can be summarized from a kinetic modeling viewpoint: Measurement of the removed amount of solute by collecting the spent dialysate and/or filtrate is recommended to maintain an adequate plasma level of the targeted solute of patients, who often have unstable states. The adequate operating conditions for each patient can be determined from a kinetic modeling viewpoint.
ubiJ, a New Gene Required for Aerobic Growth and Proliferation in Macrophage, Is Involved in Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (2013)

Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q or Q8) is a redox active lipid which functions in the respiratory electron transport chain and plays a crucial role in energy-generating processes. In both Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the yigP gene is located between ubiE and ubiB, all three being likely to constitute an operon. In this work, we showed that the uncharacterized yigP gene was involved in Q8 biosynthesis in both strains, and we have renamed it ubiJ. Under aerobic conditions, an ubiJ mutant was found to be impaired for Q8 biosynthesis and for growth in rich medium but did not present any defect anaerobically. Surprisingly, the C-terminal 50 amino acids, predicted to interact with lipids, were sufficient to restore Q8 biosynthesis and growth of the ubiJ mutant. Salmonella ubiE and ubiB mutants were impaired in Q8 biosynthesis and in respiration using different electron acceptors. Moreover, ubiE, ubiJ, and ubiB mutants were all impaired for Salmonella intracellular proliferation in macrophages. Taken together, our data establish an important role for UbiJ in Q8 biosynthesis and reveal an unexpected link between Q8 and virulence. They also emphasize that Salmonella organisms in an intracellular lifestyle rely on aerobic respiration to survive and proliferate within macrophages.
Aromatic ionomer membranes. I. Physical and mechanical properties (1985)

Abstract The physical properties of a new class of ionomers comprising a semirigid polyphenylene ether backbone were investigated. The material was studied principally in the form of films of ca. 150 μm micrometers in thickness. The study focused on material of 600 equivalent weight. Torsion pendulum results showed a significant increase in the glass transition temperature of the ionomer relative to that of its ester precursor but gave no evidence of ionic clustering. Stress–strain studies performed both in water and in 20% KOH solution at 80°C indicated that the mechanical properties of the material remain stable under these conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate both the high temperature behavior and the water uptake of the ionomer films. The behavior of this ionomer at high temperature and in an alkaline solution is of particular interest in view of the possible use of these films as separators in an alkaline electrolysis cell.