gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CHIP and Hsp70 regulate tau ubiquitination, degradation and aggregation (2004)

Molecular chaperones, ubiquitin ligases and proteasome impairment have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, which are characterized by accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates (e.g. tau and alpha-synuclein respectively). Here we report that CHIP, an ubiquitin ligase that interacts directly with Hsp70/90, induces ubiquitination of the microtubule associated protein, tau. CHIP also increases tau aggregation. Consistent with this observation, diverse of tau lesions in human postmortem tissue were found to be immunopositive for CHIP. Conversely, induction of Hsp70 through treatment with either geldanamycin or heat shock factor 1 leads to a decrease in tau steady-state levels and a selective reduction in detergent insoluble tau. Furthermore, 30-month-old mice overexpressing inducible Hsp70 show a significant reduction in tau levels. Together these data demonstrate that the Hsp70/CHIP chaperone system plays an important role in the regulation of tau turnover and the selective elimination of abnormal tau species. Hsp70/CHIP may therefore play an important role in the pathogenesis of tauopathies and also represents a potential therapeutic target.
Nonlinear phase noise and distortion in 42.7-Gbit/s RZ-DPSK systems (2005)

We numerically study and isolate the impact of nonlinear phase noise and intrachannel nonlinearities in 42.7-Gbit RZ-DPSK transmission over 32×100-km non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF) for different scenarios of optical noise loading. (2 pages)
E-cadherin expression in macrophages dampens their inflammatory responsiveness in vitro, but does not modulate M2-regulated pathologies in vivo (2015)

IL-4/IL-13-induced alternatively activated macrophages (M(IL-4/IL-13), AAMs or M2) are known to express E-cadherin, enabling them to engage in heterotypic cellular interactions and IL-4-driven macrophage fusion in vitro. Here we show that E-cadherin overexpression in Raw 264.7 macrophages inhibits their inflammatory response to LPS stimulation, as demonstrated by a reduced secretion of inflammatory mediators like interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO). To study the function of E-cadherin in M(IL-4/IL-13) macrophages in vivo, we generated macrophage-specific E-cadherin-deficient C57BL/6 mice. Using this new tool, we analyzed immunological parameters during two typical AAM-associated Th2-driven diseases and assessed Th2-associated granuloma formation. Although E-cadherin is strongly induced in AAMs during Taenia crassiceps helminth infections and allergic airway inflammation, its deletion in macrophages does not affect the course of both Th2 cytokine-driven diseases. Moreover, macrophage E-cadherin expression is largely redundant for granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni ova. Overall, we conclude that E-cadherin is a valuable AAM marker which suppresses the inflammatory response when overexpressed. Yet E-cadherin deletion in macrophages does not affect M(LPS+IFNγ) and M(IL-4) polarization in vitro, nor in vivo macrophage function, at least in the conditions tested.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Analytic Validation of RNA <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization (RISH) for AR and AR-V7 Expression in Human Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation of relative quantified AR-E1 and AR-CE3 RISH labeling with one another and with relative AR-FL and AR-V7 expression by RT-PCR in metastases from Figure 3. AR-E1 by RISH and AR-V7 by RT-PCR are significantly correlated (A), as are AR-FL vs AR-V7 by RT-PCR (B) and AR-E1 vs AR-CE3 by RISH (C).&lt;/p&gt;
Photochemical tissue bonding: A potential strategy for treating limbal stem cell deficiency (2011)

Bonding LSC grafts with PTB produced improved outcomes compared to suture attachment. This light-activated method is a promising modality for treating patients with LSCD.
Water Sorption of Acid-Doped Polyaniline Powders and Hollow Fibers:  Equilibrium and Kinetic Response (2006)

Measurements are reported for the sorption equilibrium and transport of water vapor into polyaniline (PANI) powders and asymmetric, microporous hollow fibers. Equilibrium isotherms at 298 K were measured on powders doped with 13 different organic and inorganic acids to change the polyaniline from its emeraldine base, PANI-EB (insulating) form, to the emeraldine salt, PANI-ES (conducting) form. The powders were exposed to air streams of varying relative humidity (RH) from 15 to 80%. The four acid dopants, H3PO4, HPF6, HBF4, and CF3SO3H, provided the highest water sorption figures-of-merit and also displayed nonlinear isotherms. At 50% RH, these four doped powders adsorbed 0.9−1.6 molecules of water per PANI-ES repeat unit. Measurements of the sorption kinetics on the hollow fibers were done with one dopant acid, H3PO4. The data were obtained under exposure to air streams at an ambient pressure of ∼0.1 MPa with relative humidity ∼50% and temperatures of 300−309 K. The sorption process was well-described by unsteady Fickian diffusion into an infinite hollow cylinder. The asymmetric and porous nature of the hollow fiber's wall was represented by using an effective medium approach. The quantitative adsorption/desorption rates and equilibrium capacities depended on the experimental conditions with the measured water capacities being between 33 and 75 (mg of H2O)/(g of dry polymer) under most conditions, though at the highest relative humidity (∼80% at 300 K) the fiber adsorbed almost 250 (mg of H2O)/g. For relative humidities ≤ 50%, when the mass loading was recalculated on a per (H2O molecule/polymer repeat unit) basis, the fiber had a capacity of ∼0.5−1 H2O per PANI-ES repeat unit. In this same range of humidities, the apparent diffusion coefficients varied between 0.21 and 0.67 × 10-12 m2/s, except for the case of desorption at 80% RH, wherein a value of 2.38 × 10-12 m2/s was obtained. In general, the apparent diffusion coefficients were always larger during desorption than during adsorption. The water capacity of the polyaniline hollow fibers is at the upper end of what is usually observed for glassy polymers and provides the possibility for exploiting their electronic conductivity, good mechanical strength properties, and desiccant qualities for advanced humidity control and sensing applications.
Detection-Localization-Identification of Vibrations Over Long Distance SSMF With Coherent $\Delta \phi$-OTDR (2020)

We propose a novel interrogation technique for Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and demonstrate the detection and recognition of multiple vibration events over 50 km of SSMF. A differential-phase optical time-domain reflectometry (Δφ-OTDR) approach is used. At the transmitter side, a continuous ultra-narrow-linewidth laser is modulated with polarization-multiplexed orthogonal binary sequences and at the receiver side, the back-scattered signal is captured through a polarization-diversity coherent mixer in a self-homodyne configuration. The detection of the full optical field vector and the use of an ultra-narrow-line-width laser source enhance the sensitivity of the interrogating solution. A comparison of the experimental results to a simulation model is developed to better understand the noise limits. A low-complexity localization technique based on a multi-resolution approach is also presented. Major results include the identification of an engine noise, paving the way for numerous smart-city/industrial monitoring applications over deployed telecom fibres.
Use of Ethanol/Diesel Blend and Advanced Calibration Methods to Satisfy Euro 5 Emission Standards without DPF (2011)

The use of biofuels has been extensively developed in the last years to diversify energy resources and to participate to the transportation greenhouse gas emissions reduction effort. One of the most promising renewable fuels for large scale production is the ethanol which is nowadays mainly used for spark-ignited engines; nonetheless the European market share of Diesel vehicles is around 60%. These issues lead us to propose an innovative fuel formulation using ethanol for Diesel engine applications. The key issues to deal with the use of ethanol in a Diesel blend are the miscibility, the flashpoint, the lubricity and the cetane number. An intensive work has been done to optimise the formulation coupling the use of ethanol, with first and second generations of Diesel biofuels. The application on a Euro 4-compliant Diesel turbocharged engine with high pressure exhaust gas recirculation shows an outstanding decrease of particulate matter emissions thanks to this oxygenated fuel. Nevertheless unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions could be an issue as well as NO<sub><i>x<i/><sub/> emissions if the engine control settings are not updated. Combustion analysis helps understanding the fuel effect on the resulting auto-ignition delay and the pilot injection combustion behaviour, which leads to modified engine output compared to Diesel fuel. Therefore, the optimisation of the fuel/engine matching is performed using advanced calibration methodologies combined with design of experiments at the engine test bed. First of all, global and mixed approaches are proposed and compared in warm operating conditions. Finally it permits to simultaneously drop nitrogen oxides emissions and particulate matter emissions. Global CO<sub>2<sub/> emissions reduction and noise decrease are also expected.To further investigate engine emissions potential reduction, the engine is set up on a dynamic test bed facility, allowing to reproduce cold New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Several innovative calibration methods, based on the simultaneous optimisation of engine basic settings and cold correction maps, are introduced in order to better suit to the new formulation impact on combustion and catalyst light-off and to drop off engine-out unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. This stage allows pushing forward the work on test bed facilities in order to reduce the amount of vehicle tests. Tests on a chassis dynamometer are only used to validate the engine test bed results and to perform final tuning of cold correction maps. This alternative blend shows potential to achieve Euro 5 standard with Euro 4 Diesel vehicle configuration, without any hardware modification and without a Diesel particulate filter in the exhaust line. Such an innovative fuel formulation seems to be an interesting answer to the trade-off in the forthcoming years between cost and emissions reduction to achieve sustainable mobility. The presented calibration methods and tools allow to fully take advantage of this alternative fuel in a reduced time scale.
Effects of (2R)‐(3‐amino‐2‐fluoropropyl)sulphinic acid (AFPSiA) on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation in dogs and mechanism of hypothermic effects in mice (2005)

The effects of the novel GABA analogue (2R)-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)sulphinic acid (AFPSiA) on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLOSRs) were studied in the dog. In addition, the GABA(A)/GABA(B) selectivity was determined in vitro and in vivo, and the pharmacokinetics and the metabolism of the compound were studied in the dog and rat. TLOSRs were reduced by 55 +/- 8% after intragastric administration of AFPSiA at 14 mumol kg(-1) and did not decrease further at higher doses. When evaluated 2 and 4 h after administration, the effect declined to 37 +/- 6 and 16 +/- 9%, respectively. Spontaneous swallowing was only significantly inhibited at 100 micromol kg(-1). The oral availability of AFPSiA was 52 +/- 17 and 71 +/- 4% in the dog and rat, respectively. A fraction of AFPSiA was oxidised to the corresponding sulphonate, (2R)-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)sulphonic acid (AFPSoA) after oral administration to the rat and dog. In rat brain membranes, AFPSiA was found to have ten times higher affinity for rat brain GABA(B) (K(i) =47 +/- 4.4 nM) compared to GABA(A) (K(i) = 430 +/- 46 nM) binding sites. The compound was a full agonist at human recombinant GABA(B(1a,2)) receptors (EC(50) = 130 +/- 10 nM). In contrast, the metabolite AFPSoA was considerably more selective for binding to rat brain GABA(A) (K(i) = 37 +/- 3.1 nM) vs GABA(B) (K(i) = 6800 +/- 280 nM) receptors. In the mouse, high doses (1-8 mmol kg(-1)) of AFPSiA induced a rapid and mild hypothermia followed by a profound and sustained hypothermia at the higher doses tested (6 and 8 mmol kg(-1)). This effect was unaffected by the selective GABA(B) receptor antagonist CGP62349. AFPSoA (1 and 2 mmol kg(-1)) produced transient and moderate hypothermia while the hypothermic response was considerably larger at 4 mmol kg(-1).It is concluded that AFPSiA inhibits but does not abolish TLOSRs in the dog. High doses of the compound induce hypothermia in the mouse, which probably is attributable to activation of the GABA(A) receptor. The latter effect may be caused both by AFPSiA and its oxidised sulphonic acid metabolite AFPSoA.
Methanogenic paraffin degradation proceeds via alkane addition to fumarate by ‘Smithella’ spp. mediated by a syntrophic coupling with hydrogenotrophic methanogens (2016)

Anaerobic microbial biodegradation of recalcitrant, water-insoluble substrates, such as paraffins, presents unique metabolic challenges. To elucidate this process, a methanogenic consortium capable of mineralizing long-chain n-paraffins (C28 -C50 ) was enriched from San Diego Bay sediment. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated the dominance of Syntrophobacterales (43%) and Methanomicrobiales (26%). Metagenomic sequencing allowed draft genome assembly of dominant uncultivated community members belonging to the bacterial genus Smithella and the archaeal genera Methanoculleus and Methanosaeta. Five contigs encoding homologs of the catalytic subunit of alkylsuccinate synthase (assA) were detected. Additionally, mRNA transcripts for these genes, including a homolog binned within the 'Smithella' sp. SDB genome scaffold, were detected via RT-PCR, implying that paraffins are activated via 'fumarate addition'. Metabolic reconstruction and comparison with genome scaffolds of uncultivated n-alkane degrading 'Smithella' spp. are consistent with the hypothesis that syntrophically growing 'Smithella' spp. may achieve reverse electron transfer by coupling the reoxidation of ETFred to a membrane-bound FeS oxidoreductase functioning as an ETF:menaquinone oxidoreductase. Subsequent electron transfer could proceed via a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase and/or hydrogenase, allowing energetic coupling to hydrogenotrophic methanogens such as Methanoculleus. Ultimately, these data provide fundamental insight into the energy conservation mechanisms that dictate interspecies interactions salient to methanogenic alkane mineralization.
IEEE 802.15.22.3 Spectrum Characterization and Occupancy Sensing Application Testbed (2020)

Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is becoming a key enabler for wireless communication technologies. Many DSA concepts-such as the Citizens Broadband Radio Service and TV White Space-rely on spectrum databases to identify available radio channels. However, propagation models and other assumptions used by these databases are usually poor for the given scenario, typically leading to over-conservative calculations in terms of permitted secondary spectrum access, geographical bounds or transmit powers in order to mitigate perceived interference risk. Spectrum sensing allows better understanding of the actual propagation and actual channel impulse response, allowing spectrum databases to tune their propagation models to increase the availability of spectrum for secondary access as assessed by such spectrum databases, or to increase the availability of local access licenses as assessed by the telecommunications regulator. A critical limitation on the uptake of ubiquitous sensing is that measurement systems are either proprietary or do not have commercial use-cases; hence little economy of scale exists to drive deployment. For this reason, the IEEE 802.15.22.3 Task Group was formed to standardize a Spectrum Characterization and Occupancy Sensing (SCOS) system capable of addressing a wide range of sensing tasks and be easily and flexibly deployed across a variety of hardware options. This paper provides a high-level description of this system and a first testbed implementing the standard in a laboratory-controlled environment. Preliminary performance assessments are also reported, where it is shown that the system is able to detect users with a power level down to -80 dBm with a probability of detection equal to 1 and controlled false alarm rates.
Rewarming after hypothermia after cardiac arrest shifts the inflammatory balance* (2011)

Complement activation occurs during rewarming from mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Interleukin-6 increased already from 12 to 24 hrs, concomitantly with a significant increase in the temperature seen during this period of mild therapeutic hypothermia. The optimal rate of rewarming is unknown. Additional clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal rewarming rate and strategy.
Exploring FPGA network on chip implementations across various application and network loads (2008)

The network on chip will become a future general purpose interconnect for FPGAs much like todaypsilas standard OPB or PLB bus architectures. However, performance characteristics and reconfigurable logic resource utilization of different network on chip architectures vary greatly relative to bus architectures. Current mainstream FPGA parts only support very small network on chip topologies, due to the high resource utilization of virtual channel based implementations. This observation is reflected in related research where only modest 2times2 or 2times3 networks are demonstrated on FPGAs. Naively it would be assumed that these complex network on chip architectures would perform better than simplified implementations. We show this assumption to be incorrect under light network loading conditions across 3 separate application domains. Using statistical based network loading, a synthetic benchmarking application, a cryptographic accelerator, and a 802.11 transmitter are each demonstrated across network on chip architectures. From these experiments, it can be seen that network on chips with complex routing and switching functionality are still useful under high network loading conditions. Additionally, it is also shown for our network on chip implementations, a simple solution that uses 4-5times less logic resources can provide better network performance under certain conditions.
Atomic layer etching of SiO2 with self-limiting behavior on the surface modification step using sequential exposure of HF and NH3 (2021)

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) for SiO2 films with self-limiting behavior on the surface modification step was developed using sequential exposure to HF and NH3 gases followed by infrared (IR) annealing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that an (NH4)2SiF6-based surface-modified layer was formed on the SiO2 surface after gas exposures and that this layer was removed using IR annealing. The etch per cycle (EPC) of the ALE process saturated at 0.9 nm/cycle as the gas exposure times increased. With this self-limiting behavior, SiO2 was etched with high selectivity to poly-Si and Si3N4. The dependence of the EPC on the partial pressures of HF and NH3 was found to be in good agreement with the Langmuir adsorption model. This indicated that the HF and NH­3 molecules were in equilibrium between adsorption and desorption during the exposure, which resulted in the self-limiting formation of the modified layer. In addition to the process with an HF gas flow, it was demonstrated that an H2/SF6 plasma can replace the HF gas exposure step to supply the SiO2 surfaces with HF molecules. The EPC saturated at 2.7 nm/cycle, while no measurable thickness change was observed for poly-Si and Si3N4 films.
Detection of Bone Metastases: Assessment of Integrated FDG PET/CT Imaging1 (2007)

PET/CT has a very high PPV for bone metastases (98%) when the findings at PET and CT are concordant; however, in lesions with discordant PET and CT findings at the integrated examination, PPV is markedly diminished.
Surface roughness of molecular resist for EUV lithography (2008)

Surface roughness of molecular and polymer resists were probed with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and analyzed using the power spectrum density (PSD) function. The PSD curve obtained from AFM image of the molecular resist showed a broad profile dependent on the exposure dose and small roughness. The PSD increased more in the low spatial frequency range after the exposure and the correlation length was increased. Meanwhile, the PSD of the polymer resist showed a narrow profile with respect to the dose and large roughness. Overall increase in PSD with respect to the spatial frequency was observed after the exposure.
Complexation control of pericyclic reactions: supramolecular effects on the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction [Erratum to document cited in CA114(3):23229t] (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexation control of pericyclic reactions: supramolecular effects on the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction [Erratum to document cited in CA114(3):23229t]Simon C. Hirst and Andrew D. HamiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 19, 7449Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00019a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00019a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Slow-wave sleep is controlled by a subset of nucleus accumbens core neurons in mice (2017)

Sleep control is ascribed to a two-process model, a widely accepted concept that posits homoeostatic drive and a circadian process as the major sleep-regulating factors. Cognitive and emotional factors also influence sleep-wake behaviour; however, the precise circuit mechanisms underlying their effects on sleep control are unknown. Previous studies suggest that adenosine has a role affecting behavioural arousal in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain area critical for reinforcement and reward. Here, we show that chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of excitatory adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor-expressing indirect pathway neurons in the core region of the NAc strongly induces slow-wave sleep. Chemogenetic inhibition of the NAc indirect pathway neurons prevents the sleep induction, but does not affect the homoeostatic sleep rebound. In addition, motivational stimuli inhibit the activity of ventral pallidum-projecting NAc indirect pathway neurons and suppress sleep. Our findings reveal a prominent contribution of this indirect pathway to sleep control associated with motivation.In addition to circadian and homoeostatic drives, motivational levels influence sleep-wake cycles. Here the authors demonstrate that adenosine receptor-expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens core that project to the ventral pallidum are inhibited by motivational stimuli and are causally involved in the control of slow-wave sleep.