gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting residuals at plastic samples to optimize laser cutting processes (2023)

When using a molding machine to produce plastic samples, unwanted residuals can occur. Within this study two image processing methods for the detection of residuals at plastic samples are evaluated. The aim of the two suggested methods is to detect the position of the residuals at the plastic sample reliable and to transform the image-based information into laser machine coordinates. By using the transferred coordinates, the laser machine can remove the detected residuals by laser cutting accurately without damaging the sample. The measurement setup for both methods is identical, the difference is in the processing of the captured raw image. The first method compares the raw image with the image masking template to determine the residual. The second method processes the raw image directly by comparing the light intensity transmitted through the sample to distinguish the residual from the main sample. Once the residuals can be detected, binary shifting are then performed to locate the cut lines for the residuals. The lines obtained from the image in pixel scale must then be accurately converted into millimeter-scale so that the laser machine can use them. By comparing the two methods mentioned above, the method that uses template images has more accurate and detailed results, leaving no small residuals on the sample. Meanwhile, in the method that compares the intensity of the transmitted light through the sample, there were undetectable residuals that did not produce the desired straight line. However, using the image template-matching method has some drawbacks, such as requiring each measurement to be in the same position. And thus, a more detailed design process is needed to stabilize the measurement process. In this study, a design has been made in terms of hardware as well as software with a GUI that can set several important parameters for measurement. From the results of this study, we obtained a system that can cut the residuals on the sample without damaging the sample.
Directed Growth of Poly(isobenzofuran) Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition on Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers as Templates (2007)

This paper describes a method to direct the formation of microstructures of poly(isobenzofuran) (PIBF) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on chemically patterned, reactive, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared on gold substrates. We examined the growth dependence of PIBF by deposition onto several different SAMs each presenting different surface functional groups, including a carboxylic acid, a phenol, an alcohol, an amine, and a methyl group. Interferometry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and optical microscopy were used to characterize the PIBF films grown on the various SAMs. Based on the kinetic and the spectroscopic analyses, we suggest that the growth of PIBF is surface-dependent and may follow a cationic polymerization mechanism. Using the cationic polymerization mechanism of PIBF growth, we also prepared patterned SAMs of 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (MUO) or 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) by microcontact printing (microCP) on gold substrates as templates, to direct the growth of the PIBF. The directed growth and the formation of microstructures of PIBF with lateral dimensions of 6 microm were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The average thickness of the microstructures of PIBF films grown on the MUO and the MUA patterns were 400 +/- 40 nm and 490 +/- 40 nm, respectively. SAMs patterned with carboxylic acid salts (Cu2+, Fe2+, or Ag+) derived from MUA led to increases in the average thickness of the microstructures of PIBF by 10%, 12%, or 27%, respectively, relative to that of control templates. The growth dependence of PIBF on the various carboxylic acid salts was also investigated using experimental observations of the growth kinetics and XPS analyses of the relative amount of metal ions present on the template surfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Optically Pure Fine Chemicals Using Enzyme‐Catalyzed Reactions in the Key Step (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
1H NMR study and multivariate data analysis of reindeer skin tanning methods (2016)

Reindeer skin clothing has been an essential component in the lives of indigenous people of the arctic and sub-arctic regions, keeping them warm during harsh winters. However, the skin processing technology, which often conveys the history and tradition of the indigenous group, has not been well documented. In this study, NMR spectra and relaxation behaviors of reindeer skin samples treated with a variety of vegetable tannin extracts, oils and fatty substances are studied and compared. With the assistance of principal component analysis (PCA), one can recognize patterns and identify groupings of differently treated samples. These methods could be important aids in efforts to conserve museum leather artifacts with unknown treatment methods and in the analysis of reindeer skin tanning processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The SMS3D photovoltaic concentrator (2008)

A novel photovoltaic concentrator is presented. The goal is to achieve high concentration design with high efficiency and high acceptance angle that in the same time is compact and convenient for thermal and mechanical management [1]. This photovoltaic system is based on 1 cm<sup>2</sup> multi-junction tandem solar cells and an XR concentrator. The XR concentrator in this system is an SMS 3D design formed by one reflective (X) and one refractive (R) free-form surfaces (i.e., without rotational or linear symmetry) and has been chosen for its excellent aspect ratio and for its ability to perform near the thermodynamic limit. It is a mirror-lens device that has no shadowing elements and has square entry aperture (the whole system aperture area is used for collecting light). This large acceptance angle relaxes the manufacturing tolerances of all the optical and mechanical components of the system included the concentrator itself and is one of the keys to get a cost competitive photovoltaic generator. For the geometrical concentration of 1000x the simulation results show the acceptance angle of &plusmn;1.8 deg. The irradiance distribution on the cell is achieved with ultra-short homogenizing prism, whose size is optimised to keep the maximum values under the ones that the cell can accept. The application of the XR optics to high-concentration is being developed in a consortium leaded by The Boeing Company, which has been awarded a project by US DOE in the framework of the Solar America Initiative.
Isotope Pattern (2016)

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A computer graphics reconstruction and optical analysis of scale anomalies in Caravaggio's Supper at Emmaus (2011)

David Hockney has argued that the right hand of the disciple, thrust to the rear in Caravaggio's <i>Supper at Emmaus</i> (1606), is anomalously large as a result of the artist refocusing a putative secret lens-based optical projector and tracing the image it projected onto his canvas. We show through rigorous optical analysis that to achieve such an anomalously large hand image, Caravaggio would have needed to make extremely large, conspicuous and implausible alterations to his studio setup, moving both his purported lens and his canvas nearly two meters between "exposing" the disciple's left hand and then his right hand. Such major disruptions to his studio would have impeded -not aided- Caravaggio in his work. Our optical analysis quantifies these problems and our computer graphics reconstruction of Caravaggio's studio illustrates these problems. In this way we conclude that Caravaggio did not use optical projections in the way claimed by Hockney, but instead most likely set the sizes of these hands "by eye" for artistic reasons.
Surface viscoelasticity in model polymer multilayers: From planar interfaces to rising bubbles (2019)

In the present work, a polymeric transient viscoelastic network is used as a model system to investigate several fundamentals of interfacial viscoelasticity and nonlinear behavior, in simple shear, compression, and for simple mixed deformations. A supramolecular polymer bilayer, characterized by long but finite relaxation times, is created at the water-air interface using a layer-by-layer assembly method. The possibility of studying the individual layers starting from an unstrained reference state enabled the independent quantification of the equilibrium thermodynamic properties, and the viscoelastic response of the bilayer could be studied separately for shear and compressional deformations. Time- and frequency-dependent material functions of the layer were determined in simple shear and uniform compression. Moreover, a quasilinear neo-Hookean model for elastic interfaces was adapted to describe step strain experiments on a viscoelastic system by allowing the material properties to be time-dependent. The use of this model made it possible to calculate the response of the system to step deformations. Within the linear response regime, both stress-strain proportionality and the superposition principle were investigated. Furthermore, the onset of nonlinear behavior of the extra stresses was characterized in shear and for the first time in pure compression. We conclude by investigating the multilayer system in a rising bubble setup and show that the neo-Hookean model is able to predict the extra and deviatoric surface stresses well up to moderate deformations.
Lo «spirituale ammaestramento» di Federico Borromeo alla città di Milano: la questione antropologica (2004)

Attraverso l’analisi della predicazione nella città di Milano, raccolta a stampa nei quattro&nbsp;tomi de I sacri ragionamenti, si individuano i nuclei tematici della strategia pastorale&nbsp;dell’arcivescovo Federico Borromeo, che si confronta con l’opera di San Carlo, suo cugino,&nbsp;e con le nuove esigenze della chiesa post-tridentina nel passaggio fra Cinque e Seicento.&nbsp;Ad esse il presule risponde con l’elaborazione di una “filosofia cristiana”, che è progetto&nbsp;culturale e pastorale. All’interno di una cosmogonia teocentrica, dalla quale discendono&nbsp;l’ordine e l’armonia del mondo creato, la centralità dell’incarnazione di Cristo e il ruolo di&nbsp;Maria quale mediatrice ed exemplum fondano una visione antropologica, che esalta la&nbsp;pienezza dell’umano quale unità di anima e corpo, da costruire in un cammino di&nbsp;perfezione, reso accessibile dalla mediazione salvifica di Cristo. Significative le tangenze&nbsp;con la elaborazione teologica e spirituale della Compagnia di Gesù.
Anomalous right coronary artery: a case report. (2014)

Treatment of significant anomalies should be guided by the nature of the anomalous vessel. Symptomatic patients with ACAs have 3 treatment options: medical management, coronary angioplasty and stent deployment, or surgical correction. These treatment options remain controversial. Some clinicians advocate revascularization, but the long-term benefits of revascularization therapies have not yet been demonstrated.
Decline in Semicircular Canal and Otolith Function With Age (2012)

These data suggest an overall decline in semicircular canal as well as otolith function associated with aging, although the magnitude of impairment was greater for the semicircular canals than the otoliths in this elderly population. A better understanding of the specific vestibular deficits that occur with aging can inform the development of rational screening, vestibular rehabilitation, and fall risk reduction strategies in older individuals.
Decoupled capacitor voltage control of modular multilevel converters (2014)

Modular multilevel converters have several attractive features such as high voltage capability and scalability, the excellent quality of the output voltage waveforms, a modular structure and the utilisation of standard components. Despite of all these benefits, the main drawback of this converter is the control system complexity due to the multiple external and internal control objectives. One of these objectives is the control of the capacitor voltages which is usually divided into average voltage control and balancing voltage control. This control scheme cannot manage independent voltage references, as required for example in photovoltaic applications, where each arm capacitor voltage must be controlled independently to achieve maximum power point tracking. This paper proposes a voltage control strategy of a MMC capable to manage the average capacitor voltage of each arm independently. Results validating the performance of the proposed control scheme are shown.
Enhanced Electron Mobility in Nonplanar Tensile Strained Si Epitaxially Grown on SixGe1–xNanowires (2017)

We report the growth and characterization of epitaxial, coherently strained Si<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1-x</sub>-Si core-shell nanowire heterostructure through vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism for the Si<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1-x</sub> core, followed by an in situ ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition for the Si shell. Raman spectra acquired from individual nanowire reveal the Si-Si, Si-Ge, and Ge-Ge modes of the Si<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1-x</sub> core and the Si-Si mode of the shell. Because of the compressive (tensile) strain induced by lattice mismatch, the core (shell) Raman modes are blue (red) shifted compared to those of unstrained bare Si<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1-x</sub> (Si) nanowires, in good agreement with values calculated using continuum elasticity model coupled with lattice dynamic theory. A large tensile strain of up to 2.3% is achieved in the Si shell, which is expected to provide quantum confinement for electrons due to a positive core-to-shell conduction band offset. We demonstrate n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors using Si<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1-x</sub>-Si core-shell nanowires as channel and observe a 40% enhancement of the average electron mobility compared to control devices using Si nanowires due to an increased electron mobility in the tensile-strained Si shell.
Trellis Code Design of Block Interleaved CIOD-STBCs for Time Varying Channels (2017)

A trellis-code design scheme is proposed for a coordinate interleaved orthogonal design space-time block code (CIOD-STBC) system employing a time interleaver. The pairwise error probability (PEP) for the block interleaved CIOD-STBC is analytically derived, and the PEPs are evaluated to search the best systematic feedback encoder to provide the maximum diversity and coding gain for several numbers of states. We expand the signal set such that the expanded set has the same transmit symbol set to keep both the bandwidth and the peak-to-average power ratio the same as the uncoded system. It is noteworthy that the proposed system provides approximately 9-dB SNR gain over the uncoded system at bit error rate 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> in the quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel with 32 state trellis coded CIOD. Simulation results are also provided to verify the theoretical analysis.
Progesterone, some Progesterone Derivatives and Urinary Digoxin‐Like Substances from Pregnant Women in Radioimmuno‐ and 86Rb‐Uptake Assays of Digoxin (1988)

Progesterone and some derivatives were tested in a radioimmunoassay (RIA) of digoxin and in a bioassay measuring the 86Rb-uptake into red blood cells as an index of Na+, K+-ATPase activity. The digitalis-like activity of the hormones was compared with that found in chromatographic fractions of material extracted from the urines of pregnant women at term. Progesterone at concentrations greater than 10(-6) M cross-reacted in the RIA, and at 10(-3) M it decreased 86Rb-uptake by 18%. The anaesthetic progesterone derivates 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha-ol-20-one and 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione crossreacted to a lesser degree in the RIA and lacked effect in the bioassay. Similar results were obtained with pregnandiol-glucuronide, the major urinary metabolite of progesterone. In contrast, several fractions of the urinary material had significant effects in both assays. It is concluded that the digitalis-like activity of progesterone is not coupled to properties associated with its anaesthetic effects. Furthermore, although progesterone may account for a part of the endogenous digoxin-like substances in serum of neonates and pregnant women, neither progesterone proper nor pregnandiol-glucuronide explains the great amount of digoxin-like substances found in the urines.
Influenza virus mRNAs encode determinants for nuclear export via the cellular TREX-2 complex (2023)

Nuclear export of influenza A virus (IAV) mRNAs occurs through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Using the Auxin-Induced Degron (AID) system to rapidly degrade proteins, we show that among the nucleoporins localized at the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC, TPR is the key nucleoporin required for nuclear export of influenza virus mRNAs. TPR recruits the TRanscription and EXport complex (TREX)-2 to the NPC for exporting a subset of cellular mRNAs. By degrading components of the TREX-2 complex (GANP, Germinal-center Associated Nuclear Protein; PCID2, PCI domain containing 2), we show that influenza mRNAs require the TREX-2 complex for nuclear export and replication. Furthermore, we found that cellular mRNAs whose export is dependent on GANP have a small number of exons, a high mean exon length, long 3' UTR, and low GC content. Some of these features are shared by influenza virus mRNAs. Additionally, we identified a 45 nucleotide RNA signal from influenza virus HA mRNA that is sufficient to mediate GANP-dependent mRNA export. Thus, we report a role for the TREX-2 complex in nuclear export of influenza mRNAs and identified RNA determinants associated with the TREX-2-dependent mRNA export.
P2S5 Reactive Flux Method for the Rapid Synthesis of Mono- and Bimetallic 2D Thiophosphates M2–xM′xP2S6 (2021)

We report a reactive flux technique using the common reagent P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> and metal precursors developed to circumvent the synthetic bottleneck for producing high-quality single- and mixed-metal two-dimensional (2D) thiophosphate materials. For the monometallic compound, M<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (M = Ni, Fe, and Mn), phase-pure materials were quickly synthesized and annealed at 650 °C for 1 h. Crystals of dimensions of several millimeters were grown for some of the metal thiophosphates using optimized heating profiles. The homogeneity of the bimetallic thiophosphates MM'P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (M, M' = Ni, Fe, and Mn) was elucidated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Rietveld refinement. The quality of the selected materials was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. We report two novel bimetallic thiophosphates, MnCoP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> and FeCoP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>. The Ni<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> and MnNiP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> flux reactions were monitored in situ using variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction to understand the formation reaction pathways. The phases were directly formed in a single step at approximately 375 °C. The work functions of the semiconducting materials were determined and ranged from 5.28 to 5.72 eV.
Synthesis of ansamycins: the ansa chain of rifamycin S (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ansamycins: the ansa chain of rifamycin SSatoru Masamune, Barbara Imperiali, and David S. GarveyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 20, 5528–5531Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00384a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00384a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views518Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supplemental Figures from mWTX-330, an IL-12 INDUKINE Molecule, Activates and Reshapes Tumor-Infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T and NK Cells to Generate Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures 1-10&lt;/p&gt;
Pharmacologic cholinesterase inhibition improves survival in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in the mouse (2014)

Neostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that ameliorates the effects of APAP-induced acute liver failure in the mouse and therefore may provide new treatment options for affected patients.
Simulation of nanostructures for sensor and circuit applications (2012)

The simulation of nanostructures for sensor and circuit applications requires new concepts, namely electronic structure calculations based on the atomic configuration of the involved materials. We give a short overview of the available concepts. Semi-empirical methods and the density functional theory are highlighted. The concepts are illustrated by several examples. Presenting results obtained from metal nanowires, CNT-metal-contacts and strained CNTs, we demonstrate that electronic structure calculations based on quantum theory are essential for an adequate simulation of nanostructures.
Large Scale Language Modeling in Automatic Speech Recognition (2012)

Large language models have been proven quite beneficial for a variety of automatic speech recognition tasks in Google. We summarize results on Voice Search and a few YouTube speech transcription tasks to highlight the impact that one can expect from increasing both the amount of training data, and the size of the language model estimated from such data. Depending on the task, availability and amount of training data used, language model size and amount of work and care put into integrating them in the lattice rescoring step we observe reductions in word error rate between 6% and 10% relative, for systems on a wide range of operating points between 17% and 52% word error rate.
Resolution of bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-ols and bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-endo-7-ol using lipases (1988)

I. C. Cotterill, E. L. A. Macfarlane and S. M. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1988, 3387 DOI: 10.1039/P19880003387