gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ACTIVATION OF CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 5 BROADENS ACTION POTENTIALS IN HUMAN SENSORY NEURONS (2023)

Chronic pain is one of the most devastating and unpleasant conditions, associated with many pathological conditions. Tissue or nerve injuries induce comprehensive neurobiological plasticity in nociceptive neurons, which leads to chronic pain. Recent studies suggest that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in primary afferents is a key neuronal kinase that modulates nociception through phosphorylation-dependent manner under pathological conditions. However, the impact of the CDK5 on nociceptor activity especially in human sensory neurons are not known. To determine the CDK5-mediated regulation of human dorsal root ganglia (hDRG) neuronal properties, we have performed the whole-cell patch clamp recordings in neurons dissociated from hDRG. CDK5 activation induced by overexpression of p35 depolarized the resting membrane potential and reduced the rheobase currents as compared to the uninfected neurons. CDK5 activation evidently changed the shape of the action potential (AP) by increasing AP rise time, AP fall time, and AP half width. The application of a prostaglandin E2 (PG) and bradykinin (BK) cocktail in uninfected hDRG neurons induced the depolarization of RMP and the reduction of rheobase currents along with increased AP rise time. However, PG and BK applications failed to induce any further significant changes in addition to the aforementioned changes of the membrane properties and AP parameters in the p35-overexpressing group. We conclude that CDK5 activation through the overexpression of p35 in dissociated hDRG neurons broadens AP in hDRG neurons and that CDK5 may play important roles in the modulation of AP properties in human primary afferents under pathological conditions, contributing to chronic pain.
Understanding technology choices and values through social class (2011)

This ethnographic study of 22 diverse families in the San Francisco Bay Area provides a holistic account of parents' attitudes about their children's use of technology. We found that parents from different socioeconomic classes have different values and practices around technology use, and that those values and practices reflect structural differences in their everyday lives. Calling attention to class differences in technology use challenges the prevailing practice in human-computer interaction of designing for those similar to oneself, which often privileges middle-class values and practices. By discussing the differences between these two groups and the advantages of researching both, this research highlights the benefits of explicitly engaging with socioeconomic status as a category of analysis in design.
Diagnosis of Neoplasia in Barrett&#8217;s Esophagus using Vital-dye Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging (2014)

The ability to differentiate benign metaplasia in Barrett's Esophagus (BE) from neoplasia in vivo remains difficult as both tissue types can be flat and indistinguishable with white light imaging alone. As a result, a modality that highlights glandular architecture would be useful to discriminate neoplasia from benign epithelium in the distal esophagus. VFI is a novel technique that uses an exogenous topical fluorescent contrast agent to delineate high grade dysplasia and cancer from benign epithelium. Specifically, the fluorescent images provide spatial resolution of 50 to 100 μm and a field of view up to 2.5 cm, allowing endoscopists to visualize glandular morphology. Upon excitation, classic Barrett's metaplasia appears as continuous, evenly-spaced glands and an overall homogenous morphology; in contrast, neoplastic tissue appears crowded with complete obliteration of the glandular framework. Here we provide an overview of the instrumentation and enumerate the protocol of this new technique. While VFI affords a gastroenterologist with the glandular architecture of suspicious tissue, cellular dysplasia cannot be resolved with this modality. As such, one cannot morphologically distinguish Barrett's metaplasia from BE with Low-Grade Dysplasia via this imaging modality. By trading off a decrease in resolution with a greater field of view, this imaging system can be used at the very least as a red-flag imaging device to target and biopsy suspicious lesions; yet, if the accuracy measures are promising, VFI may become the standard imaging technique for the diagnosis of neoplasia (defined as either high grade dysplasia or cancer) in the distal esophagus.
Rock Heterogeneity Effects on Fluid Diversion During Stimulation Treatment (2021)

Abstract Rock heterogeneities, such as variations in pore distribution, pore throat diameter, and initial permeability, significantly affect the outcome of carbonate matrix stimulation treatments. A better understanding of the influence of these parameters on stimulation and diversion, especially for the performance of self-diverting acids, is needed for efficient stimulation designs. Carbonate rock samples from six outcrop formations, with permeability ranging from 2 to 150 md, were used in the study. Large blocks were acquired for each outcrop, and several 1.5×6-in. core plugs were drilled from these blocks. Pore structure in each outcrop was characterized by high-pressure mercury injection (HPMI) porosimetry and flowing fraction measured with nondestructive tracer tests. Pore volume to breakthrough (PVbt) for a viscoelastic self-diverting (VES) acid was determined at 150°F for injection rates ranging from 1 to 10 cm3/min. The diversion ability for the VES acid was evaluated by (1) the increase in pressure during VES acid injection and (2) the pore volumes this higher pressure was maintained. The results show that flowing fractions measured by injection of either KCl (potassium chloride) tracer in deionized water or a dilute polymer solution is an effective means for characterizing the pore structure and for predicting the pore volume to breakthrough and diversion performance of VES acids. High-permeability grainstones such as Indiana Limestone, where most of the rock porosity is accessible to aqueous fluids (high flowing fraction), have the largest pore volume to breakthrough and the largest relative pressure buildup during injection of VES acids. Low-permeability rocks with heterogeneous porosity (low flowing fraction) have lower pore volume to breakthrough and had a relatively low-pressure build-up. The results are summarized in a master-curve, which facilitates prediction of pore volume to breakthrough of VES acids from rock properties that can be measured by non-destructive techniques. Correlations for PVbt and the diversion ability of the VES acid are presented, so that the performance of these acid systems can be estimated for formation rocks where direct measuremets of PVbt or diversion are not be practical.
A Synthetic Zwitterionic Water Channel: Characterization in the Solid State by X‐ray Crystallography and NMR Spectroscopy (2005)

Nano-Klempner: Ein zwitterionisches, helicales, nanodimensioniertes Rohr, das eine zweidimensionale Wasserkette enthält (siehe Bild; Br gelb, C grau, N blau, O rot, HWasser weiß, HImidazolium weggelassen), entsteht bei der Reaktion von Zinkmetall mit N,N′-Diessigsäure-imidazoliumbromid. Die Dynamik der eingeschlossenen Wassermoleküle wurde mithilfe der Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie genau untersucht. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/home/angewandte/ or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Production and screening of carbon products precursors from coal. Quarterly progress report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996 (1996)

This quarterly report covers activities during the period from July 1, 1996 through September 30, 1996 on the development of carbon products precursor materials from coal. The first year of the project ended in February, 1996; however, the WVU research effort continued through August 14, 1997 on a no-cost extension of the original contract. PETC chose to exercise the option for continuation of the projects and $100,000 became available on August 9, 1996. The objective for year two is to focus on development of those carbon products from coal-based solvent extract precursors which have the greatest possibility for commercial success.
Spoken Language Processing in the Clarissa Procedure Browser (2005)

Clarissa, an experimental voice enabled procedure browser that has recently been deployed on the International Space Station, is as far as we know the first spoken dialog system in space. We describe the objectives of the Clarissa project and the system's architecture. In particular, we focus on three key problems: grammar-based speech recognition using the Regulus toolkit; methods for open mic speech recognition; and robust side-effect free dialogue management for handling undos, corrections and confirmations. We first describe the grammar-based recogniser we have build using Regulus, and report experiments where we compare it against a class N-gram recogniser trained off the same 3297 utterance dataset. We obtained a 15% relative improvement in WER and a 37% improvement in semantic error rate. The grammar-based recogniser moreover outperforms the class N-gram version for utterances of all lengths from 1 to 9 words inclusive. The central problem in building an open-mic speech recognition system is being able to distinguish between commands directed at the system, and other material (cross-talk), which should be rejected. Most spoken dialogue systems make the accept/reject decision by applying a threshold to the recognition confidence score. NASA shows how a simple and general method, based on standard approaches to document classification using Support Vector Machines, can give substantially better performance, and report experiments showing a relative reduction in the task-level error rate by about 25% compared to the baseline confidence threshold method. Finally, we describe a general side-effect free dialogue management architecture that we have implemented in Clarissa, which extends the update semantics'' framework by including task as well as dialogue information in the information state. We show that this enables elegant treatments of several dialogue management problems, including corrections, confirmations, querying of the environment, and regression testing.
Monte Carlo simulation of n-butane in water. Conformational evidence for the hydrophobic effect (1982)

Monte Carlo statistical mechanics simulations have been carried out for a dilute solution of n-butane in water at 25 °C and 1 atm. The intermolecular interactions were described by Coulomb and Lennard-Jones terms in the TIPS format including the TIPS2 parameters for water. The internal rotation about the central CC bond in n-butane was included using a rotational potential based on molecular mechanics (MM2) calculations. The precision of the simulation results was enhanced by preferential sampling and by umbrella sampling for the internal rotation over chopped barriers. Conformational results are also reported from a long Monte Carlo run for pure liquid n-butane using umbrella sampling. Although no condensed phase effect is found on the conformational equilibrium in pure liquid n-butane, there is a pronounced increase in the gauche population of n-butane upon transfer from the gas phase to aqueous solution. The latter finding is in near quantitative accord with the shift predicted by Pratt and Chandler from their theoretical model. It is also consistent with the basic tenet of the hydrophobic effect regarding the folding of natural and synthetic polymers in water. In addition, detailed structural results for the system are reported. Notably, the water molecules in the first shell around n-butane have normal bonding energies and hydrogen bonding profiles for bulk water. However, since their coordination numbers are low, this situation can only be achieved by greater ordering which is entropically costly. The validity of the observations is supported by the computed heat and volume of solution which are in accord with experimental data.
Hardware/software co-simulation focusing on functional verification of large-scale ASICs (1999)

Despite the increasing scale of ASICs and the increasing complexity of embedded systems in which they are incorporated, developers continue to expect reductions in development time. HW/SW co-simulation has been put forward as a potential means of meeting this demand since it allows inconsistencies between components such as ASICs and software to be spotted before a hardware prototype has been completed, and since it is also an efficient tool for the functional verification of ASICs, a process that takes up a large part of their development time. However, it has not been widely used for the functional verification of real systems due to various problems, such as the high development cost of simulation environments, the slow simulation speed, and the limited scope of this verification. This paper proposes a method that solves these problems yet is still able to offer the basic advantages of HW/SW co-simulation, such as the ability to efficiently verify ASIC functions and the interfaces between components. By applying the proposed method to a system under development we were also able to construct a complete simulation environment in just two weeks with one-eighth of the amount of code needed for ASIC development. We have also confirmed that, compared with the logical simulation of ASICs on their own, the proposed method approximately doubles the verifiable scope, can reduce the amount of data statements for verification by a factor of 150, can detect 18 types of fault such as inconsistencies in the interfaces between components, and yet it only results in a 7% drop in simulation speed. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 30(1): 43–59, 1999
Influence of oscillatory mixing on the injectability of three acrylic and two calcium‐phosphate bone cements for vertebroplasty (2003)

Injecting acrylic and, increasingly, calcium-phosphate cements into the porous bone structure is an emerging procedure, referred to as vertebroplasty, for the augmentation of osteoporotic vertebrae. Despite the benefits of vertebroplasty, it has limitations. The limitations of interest in this study are the injectability of bone cements and their mixing variability (i.e., low reproducibility of resulting viscosity). The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of oscillatory versus manual mixing on cement viscosity and mixing variability. Five cements are tested: (a) Vertebroplastic, (b) DP-Pour, (c) Antibiotic Simplex, (d) chronOS Inject, and (e) Biopex. Compared to manual mixing, oscillatory mixing significantly decreased the mean viscosity and the mixing variability, which was inferred from the coefficient of variation. For example, under oscillatory mixing, the viscosity and the variability for Vertebroplastic decreased to one-third of the corresponding values for manual mixing. Similar results were obtained for the other cements. The decrease in viscosity is attributed to the pseudo-plastic behavior of bone cements. The decrease in the variability of cement viscosity was attributed to greater dispersive mixing of the cement components under oscillatory mixing. The decrease in viscosity eases the injection by reducing the pressure required. The decrease in the variability of cement viscosity increases reproducibility of the cement injection. Oscillatory mixing appears to have the potential to contribute to improving vertebroplasty.
Imagine the Future in Telecommunications Technology (2002)

The wired (networking) and wireless telecommunications areas are rapidly expanding in applications and data rates. This drives a need for highly complex RF/Analog and Mixed Signal products. SiGe BiCMOS and RF CMOS are the two technologies that are capable of fulfilling the technology requirements for these products. The active and passives device suite is described. The application areas for Bipolar and CMOS are discussed. SiGe BiCMOS products examples are given.
Rapid Identification of the Layer Number of Large-Area Graphene on Copper (2018)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu foils emerged as an important method for preparing high-quality and large-area graphene films for practical applications. However, to date it remains challenging to rapidly identify the structural features, especially the layer numbers, of CVD-graphene directly on Cu substrate. Herein, we report an O2-plasma-assisted approach for identifying the coverage, wrinkles, domain size, and layer number of large-area graphene films on Cu foils by optical microscopy. The wrinkles and grain boundaries of five-layer graphene can be observed with a grayscale increment of ∼23.4% per one graphene layer after O2-plasma treatment for only 15 s, which allows for checking graphene on Cu foils with a sample size of 17 cm × 20 cm in a few minutes. The Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy presents a strong layer number dependence of both the plasma induced graphene defects and Cu oxides, which, as indicated by molecular dynamic simulation, is responsible for the improved image contrast as a result of the interaction between O-ions and graphene with different layer numbers. We expect that this O2-plasma-assisted method would be applied to meter-scale samples if atmospheric-pressure plasma is used and therefore will be beneficial for the fast evaluation of CVD-graphene in both laboratory and industry.
Fano Resonance Between Mie and Bragg Scattering in Photonic Crystals (2009)

We report the observation of a Fano resonance between continuum Mie scattering and a narrow Bragg band in synthetic opal photonic crystals. The resonance leads to a transmission spectrum exhibiting a Bragg dip with an asymmetric profile, which can be tunably reversed to a Bragg rise. The Fano asymmetry parameter is linked with the dielectric contrast between the permittivity of the filler and the specific value determined by the opal matrix. The existence of the Fano resonance is directly related to disorder due to non-uniformity of a-SiO2 opal spheres. Proposed theoretical "quasi-3D" model produces results in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Tables S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 from An RNA-Based Digital Circulating Tumor Cell Signature Is Predictive of Drug Response and Early Dissemination in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Genes tested for Prostate CTC digital PCR Assay; Supplementary Table S2. Clinical information for prostate cancer patients and healthy donor subjects; Supplementary Table S3. Clinical information for patients enrolled on prospective trial of first-line abiraterone for mCRPC; Supplementary Table S4. Clinical information for patients with localized prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy study; Supplementary Table S5. Droplet digital PCR primers used in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
The consequences of engineering an extra disulfide bond in the Penicillium camembertii mono-and diglyceride specific lipase (1996)

The extracellular lipase from Penicillium camembertii has unique substrate specificity restricted to mono- and diglycerides. The enzyme is a member of a homologous family of lipases from filamentous fungi. Four of these proteins, from the fungi Rhizomucor miehei, Humicola lanuginosa, Rhizopus delemar and P. camembertii, have had their structures elucidated by X-ray crystallography. In spite of pronounced sequence similarities the enzymes exhibit significant differences. For example, the thermostability of the P. camembertii lipase is considerably lower than that of the H. lanuginosa enzyme. Since only the P. camembertii enzyme lacks the characteristic long disulfide bridge, corresponding to Cys22-Cys268 in the H. lanuginosa lipase, we have engineered this disulfide into the former enzyme in the hope of obtaining a significantly more stable fold. The properties of the double mutant (Y22C and G269C) were assessed by a variety of biophysical techniques. The extra disulfide link was found to increase the melting temperature of the protein from 51 to 63 degrees C. However, no difference is observed under reducing conditions, indicating an intrinsic instability of the new disulfide. The optimal temperature for catalytic activity decreased by 10 degrees C and the optimum pH was shifted by 0.7 units to more acidic.
Parts orienting with shape uncertainty (2002)

Parts manufactured to tolerances have shape variations. Most work in robotic manipulation assumes that part shape does not vary. Orienting devices such as bowl feeder frequently fail due to variations in part shape. In this paper we develop techniques to orientate parts with shape uncertainty. We present a shape uncertainty model and describe the nondeterminism in parts orienting that arises from shape uncertainty. We characterize a class of parts that can be reliably oriented with sensor-based and sensorless orienting plans under shape uncertainty. We present implemented planners that generate orienting plans for the entire variational class of part shapes given a nominal part shape and shape uncertainty bounds. We describe experiments to demonstrate generated plans and outline issues for future work.
Transistor Design Considerations for Low-Noise Preamplifiers (1976)

A review is presented of design considerations for GaAs Schottky-barrier FETs and other types of transistors in low-noise amplifiers for capacitive sources which are used in nuclear radiation detectors and high speed fiber-optic communication systems. Ultimate limits on performance are evaluated in terms of the gm/Ci ratio and the gate leakage current to minimize the noise sources. Si bipolar transistors and the future prospects of GaAs, Si and InAs MISFETs are discussed, and performance is compared to FETs currently being used in low-noise preamplifiers.
Simultaneous Visualization of Oxygen Partial Pressure and Current Density in Running PEFC (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Prenatal cadmium exposure does not induce greater incidence or earlier onset of autoimmunity in the offspring (2021)

Abstract We previously demonstrated that exposure of adult mice to environmental levels of cadmium (Cd) alters the immune cell development and function with increases in anti-streptococcal antibody levels, as well as decreases in splenic natural regulatory T cells (nTreg) in the adult female offspring. Based on these data, we hypothesized that prenatal Cd exposure could predispose an individual to developing autoimmunity as adults. To test this hypothesis, the effects of prenatal Cd on the development of autoimmune diabetes and arthritis were investigated. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were exposed to Cd in a manner identical to our previous studies, and the onset of diabetes was assessed in the offspring. Our results showed a similar time-to-onset and severity of disease to historical data, and there were no statistical differences between Cd-exposed and control offspring. Numerous other immune parameters were measured and none of these parameters showed biologically relevant differences between Cd-exposed and control animals. To test whether prenatal Cd-exposure affected development of autoimmune arthritis, we used SKG mice. While the levels of arthritis were similar between Cd-exposed and control offspring of both sexes, the pathology of arthritis determined by micro-computed tomography (μCT) between Cd-exposed and control animals, showed some statistically different values, especially in the female offspring. However, the differences were small and thus, the biological significance of these changes is open to speculation. Overall, based on the results from two autoimmune models, we conclude that prenatal exposure to Cd did not lead to a measurable propensity to develop autoimmune disease later in life.