gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy challenges in optical access and aggregation networks (2016)

Scalability is a critical issue for access and aggregation networks as they must support the growth in both the size of data capacity demands and the multiplicity of access points. The number of connected devices, the Internet of Things, is growing to the tens of billions. Prevailing communication paradigms are reaching physical limitations that make continued growth problematic. Challenges are emerging in electronic and optical systems and energy increasingly plays a central role. With the spectral efficiency of optical systems approaching the Shannon limit, increasing parallelism is required to support higher capacities. For electronic systems, as the density and speed increases, the total system energy, thermal density and energy per bit are moving into regimes that become impractical to support-for example requiring single-chip processor powers above the 100 W limit common today. We examine communication network scaling and energy use from the Internet core down to the computer processor core and consider implications for optical networks. Optical switching in data centres is identified as a potential model from which scalable access and aggregation networks for the future Internet, with the application of integrated photonic devices and intelligent hybrid networking, will emerge.
LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON STRUCTURE AND INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS IN THE NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION OF OHIO (2003)

Effects of land use and management treatments on soil mechanical and hydrological properties were assessed by analysis of bulk and core soil samples and water infiltration measurements in the field, using double ring infiltrometers in five plots located at the experimental farm of the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds (NAEW) near Coshocton, Ohio. The five treatments were no-till without manure (NTWM), no-till with manure (NTM), no-till corn (Zee mays)-soybean (Glycine max) rotation (NTCSR), conventional tillage (CT), and meadow (M). Treatments significantly influenced water infiltration characteristics, soil bulk density (ρb), aggregation, and mean weight diameter (MWD). The maximum cumulative infiltration after 3 h (I) of 109.3 ± 29.0 cm (average of 9 measurements at 3 landscape positions) was measured for the NTM treatment and the lowest of 27.7 ± 21.0 cm (average of 3 measurements at shoulder slope or S) for the CT treatment. The infiltration rate at 5 min (i5), steady state infiltration rate after 3 h (ic) and field capacity water content 24 h after the infiltration (FC) were higher in NTM (1.5 cm min−1, 0.4 cm min−1, and 0.35 gg−1, respectively) than other treatments. The least values of i5, ic and FC (0.4 cm min−1, 0.18 cm min−1, and 0.22 gg−1, respectively) were observed for the CT treatment. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) measured on soil cores was the highest for the NTM (0.29 cm min−1) for 0 to 10 cm and NTCSR (0.24 cm min−1) for 10 to 20 cm depth. The ρb (1.52 g cm−3 for 0 to 10 cm and 1.62 g cm−3 for 10 to 20 cm depth) was the lowest and water stable aggregates (WSA) were the highest (WSA of 89% and 63%) for both depths for the NTM treatment. The ρb was much higher for the CT (1.75 g cm−3 for 0 to 10 cm depth) and NTWM (1.77 g cm−3 for 10 to 20 cm depth) than NTM, NTCSR and M treatments for either depth. The landscape positions did not have a significant influence on soil physical and water transmission properties nor on total biomass. The manuring treatment improved soil aggregation and water transmission properties (NTM > NTWM > NTCSR).
Search for high-mass states with one lepton plus missing transverse momentum in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2011)

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM
Entanglement entropy of multipartite pure states (2003)

Consider a system consisting of n d-dimensional quantum particles and an arbitrary pure state $|\ensuremath{\Psi}〉$ of the whole system. Suppose we simultaneously perform complete von Neumann measurements on each particle. The Shannon entropy of the outcomes' joint probability distribution is a functional of the state $|\ensuremath{\Psi}〉$ and of n measurements chosen for each particle. Denote $S[\ensuremath{\Psi}]$ the minimum of this entropy over all choices of the measurements. We show that $S[\ensuremath{\Psi}]$ coincides with the entropy of entanglement for bipartite states. We compute $S[\ensuremath{\Psi}]$ for some special multipartite states: the hexacode state $|H〉$ $(n=6,$ $d=2)$ and the determinant states $|{\mathrm{Det}}_{n}〉$ $(d=n).$ The computation yields $S[H]=4\mathrm{log}2$ and $S[{\mathrm{Det}}_{n}]=\mathrm{log}(n!).$ Counterparts of the determinant state defined for $d&lt;n$ are also considered.
Quantum computing in geophysics: Algorithms, computational costs, and future applications (2018)

Accurate modeling of seismic wave propagation in the subsurface of the earth is essential for understanding earthquake dynamics, characterizing seismic hazards on global scales and hydrocarbon reservoir exploration and monitoring on local scales. These are among the most challenging computational problems in geoscience. Despite algorithmic advances and the increasingly powerful computational resources currently available, including fast CPUs, GPUs and large volumes of computer memory, there are still daunting computational challenges in simulating 3D seismic wave propagation in complex earth environments. Recent advances in quantum computing are suggestive that geoscience may soon begin to benefit from this promising field. For example, Finite Difference (FD) modeling is the most widely used method to simulate seismic wave propagation. In the frequency domain, FD methods reduce solutions of the wave equation into systems of linear equations; such systems are just the type that quantum algorithms may be capable of solving with exponential speedup, in comparison with classical algorithms. For the computational geophysicist, to prepare to take advantage of these speed-ups, which could arrive in as few as 5-10 years, the tasks at hand are (1) to become familiar with the logic and concepts associated with quantum computing, and (2) to map our key computational algorithms (e.g., frequency domain FD) to this domain. Presentation Date: Monday, October 15, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: 204B (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
Design Optimization of Coreless Axial-flux PM Machines with Litz Wire and PCB Stator Windings (2020)

Coreless axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) machines may be attractive options for high-speed and high-power-density applications due to the elimination of core losses. In order to make full use of the advantages offered by these machines and avoid excessive eddy current losses in windings, advanced technologies for winding conductors need to be employed to suppress the eddy effect, such as the Litz wire and printed circuit board (PCB). In this paper, the best practices for designing Litz wire/PCB windings are discussed and a brief survey of state of the art PCB winding technology is provided. Three coreless AFPM machines are mainly considered. A design optimization procedure based on the multi-objective differential evolution algorithm and 3-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) is proposed to take into account the ac winding losses of Litz wires and PCB traces in the machine design stage. Selected designs are being prototyped and will be tested with a customized test fixture.
Regulation of Cathepsin-D and pS2 Gene Expression by Growth Factors in MCF7 Human Breast Cancer Cells (1989)

In MCF7 human breast cancer cells, cathepsin-D and pS2 mRNAs are specifically and directly induced by estrogens at the transcriptional level. We studied the regulation of expression of these two genes by growth factors that are also mitogenic in this cell line. We show that pS2 mRNA, like cathepsin-D mRNA, is rapidly induced 2- to 4-fold by epidermal growth factor. The effect of epidermal growth factor on these two mRNAs was dependent upon de novo protein synthesis, indicating a different mechanism of regulation than with estradiol. Other peptide growth factors, such as insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and basic fibroblast growth factor, also increased up to 3-fold the steady state levels of the two mRNAs in MCF7 cells. The pS2 mRNA, but not cathepsin-D mRNA, was also induced up to 8-fold by protein kinase-C activation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, suggesting the possible involvement of this transduction pathway in pS2 mRNA induction. The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate was time and dose dependent and required protein synthesis. In addition, treatment by agents elevating cAMP increased pS2 mRNA accumulation 4-fold, whereas it had no effect on cathepsin-D mRNA levels. These results demonstrate that cathepsin-D and pS2 genes are under complex regulation in MCF7 cells, since growth factors stimulate their expression via indirect mechanisms contrasting with the primary transcriptional effects of estrogens.
Touch, Taste, & Smell User Interfaces (2016)

The senses we call upon when interacting with technology are very restricted. We mostly rely on vision and audition, increasingly harnessing touch, whilst taste and smell remain largely underexploited. In spite of our current knowledge about sensory systems and sensory devices, the biggest stumbling block for progress concerns the need for a deeper understanding of people's multisensory experiences in HCI. It is essential to determine what tactile, gustatory, and olfactory experiences we can design for, and how we can meaningfully stimulate such experiences when interacting with technology. Importantly, we need to determine the contribution of the different senses along with their interactions in order to design more effective and engaging digital multisensory experiences. Finally, it is vital to understand what the limitations are that come into play when users need to monitor more than one sense at a time. The aim of this workshop is to deepen and expand the discussion on touch, taste, and smell within the CHI community and promote the relevance of multisensory experience design and research in HCI.
Altered hierarchical auditory predictive processing after lesions to the orbitofrontal cortex (2023)

Abstract Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is classically linked to inhibitory control, emotion regulation and reward processing. Recent perspectives propose that the OFC also generates predictions about perceptual events, actions, and their outcomes. We tested the role of the OFC in detecting violations of prediction at two levels of abstraction (i.e., hierarchical predictive processing) by studying the event-related potentials (ERPs) of patients with focal OFC lesions (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 14) while they detected deviant sequences of tones in a Local-Global paradigm. The structural regularities of the tones were controlled at two hierarchical levels by rules defined at a local (i.e., between tones within sequences) and at a global (i.e., between sequences ) level. In OFC patients, ERPs elicited by standard tones were unaffected at both local and global levels compared to controls. However, patients showed an attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a to local prediction violation, as well as a diminished MMN followed by a delayed P3a to the combined local and global level prediction violation. The subsequent P3b component to conditions involving violations of prediction at the level of global rules was preserved in the OFC group. Comparable effects were absent in patients with lesions restricted to the lateral PFC, which lends a degree of anatomical specificity to the altered predictive processing resulting from OFC lesion. Overall, the altered magnitudes and time courses of MMN/P3a responses after lesions to the OFC indicate that the neural correlates of detection of auditory regularity violation is impacted at two hierarchical levels of rule abstraction. Highlights Orbitofrontal lesions reduce auditory MMN to unpredicted tones at the local level (between tones within sequences) of the rule hierarchy in the Local-Global paradigm. Orbitofrontal lesions also impact combined local and global (between sequences) level auditory deviance response, as manifested by diminished and delayed MMN and delayed P3a.
Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration Associated with NF1 Tumors (2014)

Infiltrating peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) are associated with significant neurological deficits and nerve damage.An initial aim of this project is to determine how tumor progression leads to loss of nerve function.A second aim is to determine if nerve damage caused by PNST is reversible and the potential for nerve regeneration after PNST eradication.Additional aims will test photodynamic therapy as modality for eradication of PNST without incurring substantial collateral damage to functioning nerve.We have completed all aims in a highly conclusive manner.Our work tested that hypothesis that tumor-induced nerve damage and loss of neurological function is reversible.Findings indicate that this is true only in the formative stages of tumor growth associated with low-level functional deficits.Tumor progression leads to increasing and permanent loss of nerve function.Function deficits persist even after tumor eradication.Results indicate that the tumor destroys the nerve, ablates supporting cells and replaces nerve structure with an impenetrable fibrotic mass.Even though afflicted neurons remain viable they fail to regrow axons into the fibrotic mass (even when devoid of tumor cells).The main conclusion of our findings is that tumor eradication does not induce or support nerve regeneration.Instead, a fibrotic mass remains that must be resolved for axonal regrowth to occur.We conclude that early stage tumors (that incur low to moderate nerve damage) can be effectively killed by PDT with a good prognosis for recovery of the nerve function that was not initially compromised by tumor growth.However, PDT is not indicated for the treatment of advance PNST with substantial loss of nerve function.Instead, the PNST must be surgically resected and a nerve graft implanted to bridge the gap and restore nerve continuity.15.
ChemInform Abstract: Library‐Friendly Synthesis of Fluorinated Ketones Through Functionalized Hydration of Alkynes and Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism. (2011)

Abstract A new method for the synthesis of α‐substituted‐α‐fluoroketones is presented.
Dynamic Metal–Phenolic Coordination Complexes for Versatile Surface Nanopatterning (2023)

We report a general nanopatterning strategy that takes advantage of the dynamic coordination bonds between polyphenols and metal ions (e.g., Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>) to create structures on surfaces with a range of properties. With this methodology, under acidic conditions, 29 metal-phenolic complex-based precursors composed of different polyphenols and metal ions are patterned using scanning probe and large-area cantilever free nanolithography techniques, resulting in a library of deposited metal-phenolic nanopatterns. Significantly, post-treatment of the patterns under basic conditions (i.e., ammonia vapor) triggers a change in coordination state and results in the in situ generation of more stable networks firmly attached to the underlying substrates. The methodology provides control over feature size, shape, and composition, almost regardless of substrate (e.g., Si, Au, and silicon nitride). Under reducing conditions (i.e., H<sub>2</sub>) at elevated temperatures (180-600 °C), the patterned features have been used as nanoreactors to synthesize individual metal nanoparticles. At room temperature, the ammonia-treated features can reduce Ag<sup>+</sup> to form metal nanostructures and be modified with peptides, proteins, and thiolated DNA via Michael addition and/or Schiff base reaction. The generality of this technique should make it useful for a wide variety of researchers interested in modifying surfaces for catalytic, chemical and biological sensing, and template-directed assembly purposes.
Charge-Transfer Reaction at the Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride Glass Electrolyte/Lithium Manganese Oxide Thin-Film Interface and Its Stability on Cycling (2006)

Charge-transfer reaction at a lithium manganese oxide thin-film electrode/lithium phosphorus oxynitride glass electrolyte interface was investigated using all-solid-state thin-film batteries . X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the crystal structure of the thin-film electrode changed on depositing the thin-film electrode, but a thermal treatment at for re-formed the original crystal structure. The potential sweep curve of the thermally treated film battery was identical to the cyclic voltammogram of a thin-film electrode in a conventional organic electrolyte ( dissolved in propylene carbonate). In contrast to a interface, the charge-transfer resistance at the interface did not decrease sufficiently after the thermal treatment relative to the charge-transfer resistance of the interface. This indicates that there should be a compatible electrode and film electrolyte combination to obtain an effective decrease in the charge-transfer resistance. Charge–discharge tests revealed that the resultant film battery repeated stable charge-transfer reaction on its cycling compared with the organic electrolyte system. Also, this electrochemical stability was maintained at a high temperature , which is probably because the formation of the interface inhibited Mn dissolution from the thin-film electrode.
symbiotic glance at the complexities of signature microbiomic interventions: Infusing balance (2014)

Project launched in 2007 is the first major genomics-based effort to reveal the influence of human microbiota, or resident microorganisms, on the health and disease status of humans. The first phase of the Human Microbiome Project (FY2007-2012) focused on characterisation of the composition and diversity and evaluation of the metabolic potential of microbiota that inhabit five major mucosal surfaces of humans: the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, nasal passage, skin and urogenital tract. The second and current phase of the Human Microbiome Project (FY2013-2015) is dedicated to data integration of the microbe-host biological properties extracted from cohort studies of microbiome-associated diseases. e Human Microbiome Project has provided a few major breakthroughs in understanding the complexity and diversity of human microbiota and their role in human health and disease. At present it is estimated that humans encompass approximately 20 million genes that encode the entire microbiota. In addition, the microbiota in humans contributes immensely toward the micro-xenobiotic and non-xenobiotic interventions inherent to microbiomeassociated diseases. However, there are several issues that require thorough consideration before the scientific community can decide on the therapeutic potential of targeting microbiota. This commentary provides a detailed incursion into the complicated inter-microbiome associations and interventions that are related to the five most researched microbiota in humans: (1) the role of the butyrate-producing microbiome in colorectal cancer therapeutics, (2) the protective/defensive microbiome related to inflammatory bowel disease, (3) the risk associated with probiotic delivery in obesity, (4) the antimicrobial-based microbiome disproportion leading to/arising from skin diseases and (5) the maintenance of microbiome loads and confinement to the vaginal mucosa.
Improvement of Interferometer Accuracy with Self-calibration of Phase Interpolation Effor. (1996)

Resolution of interferometers reaches to a few nanometers or less with the phase shifting or other interpolation techniques. However the accuracy of them could not approach to their resolution because any accurate standard for calibration could not be found. The present paper proposes a self-calibration method which can determine the interpolation error between fringes of the interferometer without using any standard. An interferometer of Michelson type has been developed with the phase shifting by a piezo electric actuator. The interpolation error due to the phase shifting actuator has been calibrated by the proposed self-calibration method. The reliability of the calibration result is estimated to be about 0.2 nm from the reproducibility error of the calibration. It has been confirmed that the proposed method can calibrate the interpolation error with the accuracy of the limit given by the resolution or the stability of the interferometer itself.
Pathologic Evaluation and Reporting of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas and Other Tumoral Intraepithelial Neoplasms of Pancreatobiliary Tract (2015)

These recommendations will ensure proper communication of salient tumor characteristics to the management teams, accurate comparison of data between analyses, and development of more effective management algorithms.
The degree of natriuretic peptide system activation in stable and high risk CHF characterized by increased cystatin C is not reflected in cGMP activation (2009)

Background Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is characterized by neurohumoral activation, sodium retention, ventricular dysfunction and congestion, and renal insufficiency (RI). The congestive heart failure (CHF) component evolves from asymptomatic, to stable symptomatic to overt symptomatic CHF. The natriuretic peptide system (NPS), including atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptides is progressively activated during progression of CHF. Less is known about the second messenger, cGMP, of the NPS across the spectrum of CHF. RI in CHF remains an important clinical challenge and Cystatin C is emerging as an important marker of RI. Further work is needed in characterizing Cystatin C across the spectrum of CHF and CRS.
Monoclonal Antibodies: A Powerful New Tool in Biology and Medicine (1981)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Comparison of the Aerosol Velocity and Spray Duration of Respimat® Soft Mist™ Inhaler and Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers (2005)

Apart from particle size distribution, spray velocity is one of the most important aerosol characteristics that influence lung deposition of inhaled drugs. The time period over which the aerosol is released (spray duration) is also important for coordination of inhalation. Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler (SMI) is a new generation, propellant-free inhaler that delivers drug to the lung much more efficiently than pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs). The objective of this study was to compare the velocity and spray duration of aerosol clouds produced by Respimat SMI with those from a variety of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) pMDIs. All inhalers contained solutions or suspensions of bronchodilators. A videorecording method was used to determine the aerosol velocity. For spray duration, the time for generation of the Soft Mist by Respimat SMI was initially determined using three different methods (videorecording [techniques A and B], laser light diffraction and rotating disc). Videorecording was then used to compare the spray duration of Respimat SMI with those from the other inhalers. The Soft Mist produced by Respimat SMI moved much more slowly and had a more prolonged duration than aerosol clouds from pMDIs (mean velocity at a 10-cm distance from the nozzle: Respimat SMI, 0.8 m/sec; pMDIs, 2.0-8.4 m/sec; mean duration: Respimat SMI, 1.5 sec; pMDIs, 0.15-0.36 sec). These characteristics should result in improved lung and reduced oropharyngeal deposition, and are likely to simplify coordination of inhaler actuation and inhalation compared with pMDIs.