gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Afterglow in Microcolumnar CsI:Tl by Codoping With Sm$^{2+}$: Recent Advances (2009)

Microcolumnar CsI:Tl remains a highly desirable sensor for digital X-ray imaging due to its superior spatial resolution, bright emission, high absorption efficiency, and ready availability. Despite such obvious advantages, two characteristic properties of CsI:Tl undermine their use in clinical and high speed imaging: a persistent afterglow in its scintillation decay, and a hysteresis effect that distorts the scintillation yield after exposure to high radiation doses.In our earlier work we have discovered that the addition of 0.05 to 0.5 mol percent of Sm(2+) to crystals of CsI:Tl suppresses their afterglow by a factor of up to 50, even when subjected to a very high exposure of 120 R. This additive also diminishes hysteresis by an order of magnitude, which is a major accomplishment. Consequent- ly, our work is now focused on developing codoped microcolumnar CsI:Tl, Sm films that can potentially combine excellent properties of the current state-of-the-art CsI:Tl films with the reduced afterglow and hysteresis observed in codoped crystals. While our earlier attempts in CsI:Tl, Sm film fabrication, reported at the previous IEEE meeting, demonstrated obvious advantages of the approach, the recent work has succeeded in producing films that show improvement by at least a factor of 7 in afterglow and 150% in brightness compared to the standard CsI:Tl films. We report these important results in this paper, along with other recent advances in film growth and new imaging results.
Risk Factors for Long-Term Mortality and Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease Associated With Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery (2015)

The aim of the study was to evaluate risk factors for long-term mortality and progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) after cardiac surgery in patients with normal preoperative renal function and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). From April 2009 to December 2012, we prospectively enrolled 3245 cardiac surgery patients of our hospital. The primary endpoints included survival rates and the secondary endpoint was the incidence of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a follow-up period of 2 years. Acute kidney injury was staged by KDIGO classification. Progressive CKD was defined as GFR ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (starting renal replacement therapy or renal transplantation).The AKI incidence was 39.9% (n = 1295). The 1 and 2 year overall survival (OS) rates of AKI patients were significantly lower than that for non-AKI patients (85.9% and 82.3% vs 98.1% and 93.7%, P < 0.001), even after complete recovery of renal function during 2 years after intervention (P < 0.001). The 2-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with AKI stage 1, 2, and 3 were 89.9%, 78.6%, and 61.4% (P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis of factors for 2-year survival rates revealed that besides age (P < 0.001), chronic cardiac failure (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), cardiopulmonary bypass time (P < 0.01), and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (P = 0.004), AKI was a significant risk factor for reducing 2-year survival rates even after complete recovery of renal function (P < 0.001). The accumulated progressive CKD prevalence was significantly higher in AKI than in non-AKI patients (6.8% vs 0.2%, P < 0.001) in the 2 years after surgery. Even with complete recovery of renal function at discharge, AKI was still a risk factor for accumulated progressive CKD (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.37-2.69).The 2-year mortality and progressive CKD incidence even after complete recovery of renal function were significantly increased in cardiac surgery patients with postoperative AKI.
Error-Bounded Lossy Compression in Reverse Time Migration (2022)

Summary In reverse time migration (RTM), shot and receiver wavefield are correlated in the opposite temporal direction. Therefore, the source wavefield should be saved to the hard disk or memory at all imaging time steps. For production 3D seismic surveys, this leads to enormous storage requirements and can significantly impact I/O throughput and the overall performance of RTM. To address these issues, we are using snapshot data compression. We comprehensively evaluate three state-of-the-art error-bounded lossy compressors (ZFP, SZ3, and Bitcomp) for RTM application, using different metrics such as compression ratio and compression and decompression throughput. Finally, we analyze the impact of compression errors on the snapshot reconstruction and final stacked image quality.
Harmonic-Balance Circuit Analysis for Electro-Neural Interfaces (2020)

Abstract Objective Avoidance of the adverse electrochemical reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface defines the voltage safety window and limits the charge injection capacity (CIC) of an electrode material. For an electrode that is not ideally capacitive, the CIC depends on the waveform of the stimulus. We study the modeling of the charge injection dynamics to optimize the waveforms for efficient neural stimulation within the electrochemical safety limits. Approach The charge injection dynamics at the electrode-electrolyte interface is typically characterized by the electrochemical impedance spectrum, and is often approximated by discrete-element circuit models. We compare the modeling of the complete circuit, including a non-linear driver such as a photodiode, based on the harmonic-balance (HB) analysis with the analysis based on various discrete element approximations. To validate the modeling results, we performed experiments with iridium-oxide electrodes driven by a current source with diodes in parallel, which mimics a photovoltaic circuit. Main results Application of HB analysis based on a full impedance spectrum in frequency domain eliminates the complication of finding the discrete-element circuit model in traditional approaches. HB-based results agree with the experimental data better than the discrete-element circuit analysis. HB technique can be applied not only to demonstrate the circuit response to periodic stimulation, but also to describe the initial transient behavior when a burst waveform is applied. Significance HB-based circuit analysis accurately describes the dynamics of electrode-electrolyte interfaces and driving circuits for all pulsing schemes. This allows optimizing the stimulus waveform to maximize the CIC, based on the impedance spectrum alone.
Thoracoscopic-assisted Treatment of Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures: A Series of 371 Consecutive Cases (2002)

A complete anterior thoracoscopically assisted reconstruction of thoracic and thoracolumbar fractures can be safely and effectively accomplished, thereby reducing the pain and morbidity associated with conventional thoracotomy and thoracolumbar approaches. Although the learning curve is steep, the functional and cosmetic benefits to the patient warrant the difficult training process.
Expression of Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Capsid Proteins (VP2 and VP3) in a Baculovirus Expression System and Demonstration of Immunity Induced by the Recombinant Proteins (1996)

The gene encoding the muscovy duck parvovirus (DPV)-strain 89384 capsid proteins VP2 and VP3 was cloned in a baculovirus expression system and expressed in insect cells. The recombinant proteins were found to react with specific anti-DPV serum by Western blotting and to be located in the nucleus of insect cells (Sf9) as shown by immunofluorescence. Empty virus-like particles (VLPs) identical in size and appearance to DPV virions were observed by electron microscopy. The antigenicity and immunogenicity of the recombinant proteins were evaluated by ELISA and seroneutralization. Immunization of 3-week-old muscovy ducklings induced anti-DPV antibodies; neutralizing antibody titres were consistent with those observed in ducklings inoculated with a commercial inactivated vaccine. The way to develop these promising results is discussed.
High-Pressure, High-Flow-Rate Stimulation Equipment for Shale Fracture Treatments (2019)

Abstract The success of the Americas with stimulating shale formations has drawn attention to unconventional implementations globally. While excellent production results and economic successes are well publicized, equipment performance is one of the major factors responsible for economically delivering effective as-designed stimulation treatments. Delivery efficiency is the top priority of well servicing equipment design and maintenance personnel. Equipment redesign is occurring industry-wide, and new system offerings promise greater operational efficiencies—some have already demonstrated success and others are still being developed to identify or provide improved efficiency solutions. To accomplish this, each piece of equipment, whether a pump, a blender, a container, or even a measuring/monitoring device, is carefully evaluated. Their collaborative task is to deliver treatment material and energy from some known surface point to a specific point or zone of a wellbore within the geological formation. Every subsystem is evaluated so that each subtask is performed effectively at a reduced time and cost. Shale development affects decisions on how to develop a geological formation for maximized economic return. Multiwell pads, increased well density, and fracture requirements are pushing equipment to their limits, including requiring pumping equipment to continuously deliver high pressure fluid with little idle time for maintenance and repair or replacement (blending equipment has similar limits). Material delivery from source to location is important; this is particularly true for proppants because a continuous supply of 3,000 to 15,000 lbm/min is typically necessary. Finally, while well spacing is being drastically reduced, the ability to treat many wells in quick succession has become necessary. This paper discusses steps taken to improve high horsepower treatment issues, reduce nonproductive time, and achieve efficiency targets.
PEM Fuel Cell Research Direction for Automotive Application (2005)

In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell-related research conducted and subsequently published by universities and public institutions. While a good deal of this research has been useful for understanding the underlying fundamental aspects of fuel cell components and operation, much of it is not as useful for a group working on automotive applications as it could be. The reason for this is that in order to be put to practical use in an automotive application, the system being studied must meet certain constraints; satisfying targets for projected system costs, system efficiency, volumetric and gravimetric power densities (packaging), and operating conditions. For example, numerous recent publications show studies with PEM fuel cells designed and built such that limiting current density is achieved at 0.9 A/cm2 or lower, and voltages of 600 mV can only be achieved at current densities less than 0.6 A/cm2. This type of performance is sufficiently below what is required for commercial application, that any conclusions drawn from these works are difficult to extrapolate to a system of commercial automotive interest. The purpose of this article is to show, through use of engineering calculations and cost projections, what operating conditions and performance are required in a commercial automotive fuel cell application. In addition, best known (public domain) performance and corresponding conditions are given, along with Department of Energy Freedom Car targets, which can be used for state-of-the-art benchmarking. Also, reference is made to a university publication where performance (500 mV at 1.5 A/cm2) close to automotive application targets was achieved, and important aspects of their components and flow field geometry are highlighted. It is our hope that through this publication, further PEM fuel-cell related research can be directed toward the region of greatest interest for commercial, automotive application.
GLUT5 (SLC2A5) enables fructose-mediated proliferation independent of ketohexokinase (2021)

We show that GLUT5 is a robust and generalizable driver of fructose-dependent cell proliferation. This indicates that fructose uptake is the limiting factor for fructose-mediated cell proliferation. We further demonstrate that cellular proliferation with fructose is independent of KHK.
Incidence of broiler breast myopathies at 2 different ages and its impact on selected raw meat quality parameters (2017)

White striping (WS) and woody breast (WB) are 2 poultry meat quality defects that affect the acceptance of raw breast fillets as well as properties of cooked and further processed products. The present study was intended to evaluate the incidence of these conditions in broilers at different ages and to compare the properties of fillets with different degrees of WS and WB. For this study, 1,920 birds were processed, at 6 and 9 wk of age, in a standard commercial inline processing system. After chilling, carcasses were deboned and butterfly fillets were collected and weighed. Individual fillets were scored for normal, moderate, severe, and very severe degrees of WS and WB, and for petechial hemorrhagic lesions (PHEM, 0 - no lesion to 2 - severe lesion). Representative fillets with NORM-WS/WB, SEV-WS, SEV-WB, and SEV-WS/WB were selected and stored at 4°C. After 24 h, fillet length, width, cranial height, and caudal height, as well as pH, color, and drip loss were recorded. There was an increase in incidence of severe and very severe WS and WB conditions at 9 wk compared to 6 wk of age. The relationship between fillet weight and the myopathies plateaued at 9 wk of age with more fillets showing a higher score. Mean PHEM scores were higher (P < 0.05) in SEV-WS, SEV-WB, and SEV-WS/WB compared to NORM-WS/WB birds, both at 6 and 9 weeks. NORM-WS/WB birds had lower (P < 0.05) live and breast weight, breast yield, and cranial and caudal heights, as well as b* value (yellowness) compared to SEV-WS/WB. NORM-WS/WB had lower (P < 0.05) pH while NORM-WS/WB and SEV-WS samples showed lower (P < 0.05) drip loss when compared to SEV-WB and SEV-WS/WB. The results from this study showed that the severe degrees of WS and WB are associated with heavier and older birds, and thicker breast fillets. Occurrence of severe degrees of WS and/or WB can affect various raw meat quality factors, mainly color and water holding capacity.
Une cause d’hirsutisme longtemps méconnue (1999)

Madame H.L., âgee de 42 ans, est hospitalisee pour un hirsutisme ancien d’apparition progressive. Dans ses antecedents, on note un frere jumeau decede a la naissance, une acceleration rapide de la croissance staturale vers l’âge de 8 ans et une menarche a 11 ans suivie de cycles irreguliers. A l’interrogatoire, il existe une notion d’hypertrophie clitoridienne prepubertaire ayant necessite une intervention chirurgicale a l’âge de 17 ans. Une premiere grossesse est obtenue apres stimulation a 25 ans. Les deux grossesses suivantes vont survenir a 27 et 30 ans sans difficultes. Toutefois, a l’issue du dernier accouchement, la patiente presente une amenorrhee secondaire. La persistance de ce symptome motive la realisation d’une premiere exploration hormonale. Les resultats des dosages effectues montrent des taux plasmatiques de testosterone a 2,2 ng/ml, d’andro- stenedione a 12,6 ng/ml et de 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) a 2,4 ng/ml. Deux ans plus tard, une hysterectomie avec annexectomie gauche est effectuee pour suspicion de tumeur virilisante de l’ovaire. Ce diagnostic ne sera pas confirme par l’examen anatomopathologique de la piece d’exerese. L’examen clinique montre un hirsutisme et des signes de virilisation associant une hypertrophie clitoridienne et des golfes temporaux. La taille est de 153 cm et la pression arterielle est a 13/9. Les examens biologiques montrent une kaliemie normale et un cortisol libre urinaire a 20 mg/24 h. Les resultats des dosages hormonaux sont les suivants : testosterone a 4 ng/ml, androstenedione a 14,5 ng/ml, sulfate de dehydroepiandosterone a 1 350 ng/ml et estradiol a 50 pg/ml. Les taux plasmatiques de base et 60 minutes apres stimulation par le synacthene de 11-desoxycortisol, 11-desoxycorticosterone (DOC), cortisol et 17-OHP figurent dans le tableau. L’echographie pelvienne montre un ovaire droit mesurant 25 x 11 mm. Le scanner surrenalien objective une hyperplasie bilaterale des surrenales.
1003. HIV-1-Derived Lentivirus Vector-Based Antisense Gene Therapy: Towards an Alternative Treatment for HIV/AIDS (2004)

Boro Dropulic,1,2 Laurent Humeau,1 Gwendolyn K. Binder,1 Xiaobin Lu,1 Vladimir Slepushkin,1 Randall Merling,1 Patricia Echeagaray,1 Mario Pereira,1 Tatiana Slepushkina,1 Scott Barnett,3 Lesia K. Dropulic,4 Richard Carroll,5 Bruce Levine,5 Rob Roy MacGregor,5 Carl H. June.5
Magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions with an organic barrier and an MgO spin filter (2009)

Exchange-biased magnetic tunnel junctions with a CoFeB/MgO pinned layer, a Co free layer and an aluminum tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) spacer layer of thickness ranging from 0–8 nm have been prepared by photolithography. The devices show a room-temperature, zero-bias magnetoresistance of 12.5±0.3%, which is unchanged after the crossover from tunneling to hopping transport at a barrier thickness of about 4 nm. The spin-diffusion length in the hopping regime is much greater than 10 nm. The magnetoresistance in the tunneling regime changes sign at a positive bias of 250 mV, and it is maximum at −100 mV.
Morphology Controlled PA11 Bio-Alloys with Excellent Impact Strength (2016)

Polyamide 11 (PA11), 100% biobased plastics, and polypropylene (PP) were mixed with a reactive compatibilizer, maleic anhydride modified ethylene–butene rubber copolymer (m-EBR), by a twin-screw extruder, and mechanical properties and morphology of resulting injection molded PP/PA11 bio-alloys were investigated by flexural tests, Charpy notched impact tests, 13C NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. We found that it possible to control the morphology of bioalloys. When the morphology of the bioalloy showed “salami” structure, it achieved superior impact-resistance with high flexural modulus, which are generally not accomplished at the same time. The mechanical properties of the bioalloy were better than those of PP which was used in the car industry. When the bioalloy had a “nano-salami” structure, the impact strength was surprisingly improved. The morphology observations revealed that the reactive compatibilizers were in the interphase between a matrix and a dispersed phase and were in a dispersed subdomain in the dispersed phase. The compatibilizers played a key role in improving impact strength. The bioally will be expected to apply in the car industry and other areas.
Cyanate Ester Composite Resins Derived from Renewable Polyphenol Sources (2011)

Abstract : Cyanate ester resins were synthesized from a series of renewable phenols including; vanillin, creosol, resorcylic acid, resveratrol, and nordihydroguarietic acid. These phenols can be derived from plant sources and even waste biomass, allowing for high performance resins to be produced in an environmentally responsible manner. The physical properties, cure chemistry, thermal stability and high temperature decomposition mechanisms of the resins were rigorously studied and promising candidates were used in the fabrication of test panels on both glass and carbon fiber supports. The impressive physical characteristics of these sustainable resins suggest that they are good candidates for a variety of DoD applications.
Numerical Modeling of Non-Spherical Response of Therapeutic Encapsulated Microbubbles to Ultrasound (2011)

A 3‐D zero‐thickness shell model was developed to simulate the non‐spherical response of therapeutic encapsulated microbubbles subjected to ultrasound excitation. The 3‐D model was compared with previously developed models for validation. This model was then used to study the bubble break‐up during non‐spherical deformations resulting from the presence of a nearby solid wall. The effect of shell thickness and standoff distance to the solid wall on the bubble break‐up was studied parametrically. A diagram of bubble shapes was derived to categorize bubble forms at break‐up, and four zones were identified. The diagram indicates good conditions for drug and gene delivery.
Blind Phaseless Short-Time Fourier Transform Recovery (2019)

The problem of recovering a pair of signals from their blind phaseless short-time Fourier transform measurements arises in several important phase retrieval applications, including ptychography and ultra-short pulse characterization. In this paper, we prove that in order to determine a pair of generic signals uniquely, up to trivial ambiguities, the number of phaseless measurements one needs to collect is, at most, five times the number of parameters required to describe the signals. This result improves significantly upon previous papers, which required the number of measurements to be quadratic in the number of parameters rather than linear. In addition, we consider the simpler problem of recovering a pair of generic signals from their blind short-time Fourier transform, when the phases are known. In this setting, which can be understood as a special case of the blind deconvolution problem, we show that the number of measurements required to determine the two signals, up to trivial ambiguities, equals exactly the number of parameters to be recovered. As a side result, we study the classical phase retrieval problem-that is, recovering a signal from its Fourier magnitudes-when some entries of the signal are known a priori. We derive a bound on the number of required measurements as a function of the size of the set of known entries. Specifically, we show that if most of the signal's entries are known, then only a few Fourier magnitudes are necessary to determine a signal uniquely.
Three‐dimensional manufacturing tolerant topology optimization with hundreds of millions of local stress constraints (2020)

Abstract In topology optimization, the treatment of stress constraints for very large scale problems (more than 100 million elements and more than 600 million stress constraints) has so far not been tractable due to the failure of robust agglomeration methods, that is, their inability to accurately handle the locality of the stress constraints. This article presents a three‐dimensional design methodology that alleviates this shortcoming using both deterministic and robust problem formulations. The robust formulation, based on the three‐field density projection approach, is extended and proved necessary to handle manufacturing uncertainty in three‐dimensional stress‐constrained problems. Several numerical examples are solved and further postprocessed with body‐fitted meshes using commercial software. The numerical investigations demonstrate that: (1) the employed solution approach based on the augmented Lagrangian method is able to handle very large problems, with hundreds of millions of stress constraints; (2) three‐dimensional stress‐based results are extremely sensitive to slight manufacturing variations; (3) if appropriate interpolation parameters are adopted, voxel‐based (fixed grid) models can be used to compute von Mises stresses with excellent accuracy; and (4) in order to ensure manufacturing tolerance in three‐dimensional stress‐constrained topology optimization, a combination of double filtering and more than three density field realizations may be required.