gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Modeling of Massively Coupled RLC Interconnects Using the Relative Inductance Extraction Method (2008)

A new inductance extraction method is defined to accelerate modeling of massively coupled resistance-inductance-capacitance ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RLC</i> ) interconnects. The new relative inductance generates a sparse inductance matrix. Therefore, it enables modeling of large circuits with reasonable speed and accuracy. It maintains accuracy for a wide frequency range, even for the cases that there are far inductance couplings. It is demonstrated that the relative inductance matrix is equivalent to the conventional partial inductance matrix. Simulations done for a 16-bit bus with each bus line divided into 32 segments show that the simulations using the relative inductance method is 20 times faster and requires 9.5 times less memory compared to the established partial inductance method.
An N-frequency laser matched to a Fabry-Perot etalon frequency standard (1994)

The use of N-frequency tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers has been suggested for WDM switching and routing networks [1-2]. Such networks will tune lasers to different optical frequencies, to enhance the transmission capacity through optical fibers, and also to direct optical signals to different destinations. The networks presently under consideration will have 10-20 frequency channels, with 50-100 GHz (4.05-8.1 Å) channel spacing in the 1.54-1.56 micron wavelength window. If DBR lasers are to be used, it is critically important to establish that the tuning mode spacing of the lasers is constant, and can be reproduced with a high degree of accuracy, so that a constant channel allocations can be maintained throughout the system. For each laser being used, a tuning curve must be established. At present, it can be measured by means of a wavemeter or an optical spectrum analyzer. The tuning curve shows the optical frequency of the laser vs. the current applied to the tuning (grating) section, and determines the different currents that should be applied to address the different frequencies.
A prototype low-cost handheld ultrasound imaging system (2004)

We describe a very low cost handheld ultrasound system that we are currently developing for routine applications such as image guided needle insertion. We provide a system overview and focus discussion on our beamforming strategy, direct sampled I/Q (DSIQ) beamforming. DSIQ beamforming is a low cost approach that relies on phase rotation of in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) data to implement focusing. The I/Q data are generated by directly sampling the received radio frequency (RF) signal, rather than through conventional baseband demodulation. We describe our efficient hardware implementation of the beamformer, which results in significant reductions in beamformer size and cost. We also present the results of experiments and simulations that compare the DSIQ beamformer to more conventional approaches, namely time delay beamforming and traditional complex demodulated I/Q beamforming. Results that show the effect of an error in the direct sampling process, as well as dependence on signal bandwidth and system f number (f#) are presented. These results indicate that the image quality and robustness of the DSIQ beamformer are adequate for routine applications.
Impressive laser intensity increase at the trailing stage of femtosecond laser filamentation in air (2012)

The longitudinal distribution of the laser peak intensity inside a half meter long femtosecond laser filament in air is studied by measuring the signal ratio of two nitrogen fluorescence lines, 391 nm and 337 nm. The experimental results reveal that laser peak intensity initially remains almost constant (~4.3 × 10(13) W/cm2) inside the filament. However, before the end of the filament, surprisingly the laser intensity undergoes dramatic increase. A maximum intensity as high as 2.8×10(14) W/cm2 could be reached. The experimental result is unexpected by the conventional intensity clamping scenario, according to which the laser peak intensity would feature low variation along a filament. The experimental result is then interpreted as being due to the generation of a short pulse at trailing stage of the filamentation with reduced diameter. This phenomenon might be of great interest owing to its potential application in high-order-harmonic generation and producing isolated single attosecond laser pulse through simple experimental approach.
IoT-Based Home Monitoring: Supporting Practitioners’ Assessment by Behavioral Analysis (2019)

This paper introduces technical solutions devised to support the Deployment Site - Regione Emilia Romagna (DS-RER) of the ACTIVAGE project. The ACTIVAGE project aims at promoting IoT (Internet of Things)-based solutions for Active and Healthy ageing. DS-RER focuses on improving continuity of care for older adults (65+) suffering from aftereffects of a stroke event. A Wireless Sensor Kit based on Wi-Fi connectivity was suitably engineered and realized to monitor behavioral aspects, possibly relevant to health and wellbeing assessment. This includes bed/rests patterns, toilet usage, room presence and many others. Besides hardware design and validation, cloud-based analytics services are introduced, suitable for automatic extraction of relevant information (trends and anomalies) from raw sensor data streams. The approach is general and applicable to a wider range of use cases; however, for readability's sake, two simple cases are analyzed, related to bed and toilet usage patterns. In particular, a regression framework is introduced, suitable for detecting trends (long and short-term) and labeling anomalies. A methodology for assessing multi-modal daily behavioral profiles is introduced, based on unsupervised clustering techniques. The proposed framework has been successfully deployed at several real-users' homes, allowing for its functional validation. Clinical effectiveness will be assessed instead through a Randomized Control Trial study, currently being carried out.
History and Future of Growth Hormone Research (2003)

The understanding of the mechanisms of growth hormone (GH) action has seen great accomplishments over the last two decades. These achievements include the cloning of a variety of GH and GH receptor (GHR) genes and cDNAs; solving of the three-dimensional structure of GH and the GH/GHR complex, and the discovery of GH antagonists. These GH antagonists have resulted in a new class of drugs with important clinical implications. Animal models in which the GH/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis has been perturbed also have resulted in many novel findings. We have now entered the era of genomics and proteomics. Genes and proteins that are up- or downregulated as a function of GH action (or lack thereof) will add to the repertoire of knowledge that will lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of GH action.
Microbes and Climate Change: a Research Prospectus for the Future (2022)

Climate change is the most serious challenge facing humanity. Microbes produce and consume three major greenhouse gases-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-and some microbes cause human, animal, and plant diseases that can be exacerbated by climate change. Hence, microbial research is needed to help ameliorate the warming trajectory and cascading effects resulting from heat, drought, and severe storms. We present a brief summary of what is known about microbial responses to climate change in three major ecosystems: terrestrial, ocean, and urban. We also offer suggestions for new research directions to reduce microbial greenhouse gases and mitigate the pathogenic impacts of microbes. These include performing more controlled studies on the climate impact on microbial processes, system interdependencies, and responses to human interventions, using microbes and their carbon and nitrogen transformations for useful stable products, improving microbial process data for climate models, and taking the One Health approach to study microbes and climate change.
Abstract 4762: ITPKA expression in lung and other cancers, regulated via gene body methylation, functions as an oncogene (2015)

Abstract Inositol-Trisphosphate 3-Kinase A (ITPKA), a kinase with limited tissue distribution, is involved in inositol phosphate metabolism. We identified ITPKA as up-regulated in lung and many other types of cancers. Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo assays that ITPKA functions as an oncogene to drive the development of lung cancer. We further showed that methylation level in the ITPKA gene body is significantly higher in various types of primary tumors than in corresponding non-malignant tissues, which was positively correlated with its expression. Our study revealed that DNMT3B-mediated methylation of the CpG island in ITPKA gene body regulates its expression via modulation of the binding of transcription activator SP1 to the ITPKA promoter. During the multistage pathogenesis of lung carcinoma, ITPKA gene body methylation first appeared at the in situ carcinoma stage and increased during disease progression. Thus ITPKA expression functions as an oncogene in lung and other cancers. Highly specific and sensitive expression and methylation of ITPKA was present in a wide range of tumor types, suggesting that deregulation of ITPKA may function as a universal or near universal hallmark of malignancy. Citation Format: Yi-Wei Wang, Xiaotu Ma, Yu-An Zhang, Mei-Jung Wang, Yasushi Yatabe, Stephen Lam, Luc Girard, Jeou-Yuan Chen, Adi F. Gazdar. ITPKA expression in lung and other cancers, regulated via gene body methylation, functions as an oncogene. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4762. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4762
Volcano Trend in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Activity over Atomically Dispersed Metal Sites on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon (2019)

The development of catalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (eCO2RR) with high activity and selectivity remains a grand challenge to render the technology useable. As promising candidates, metal–nitrogen–carbon (MNC) catalysts with metal atoms present as atomically dispersed metal–Nx moieties (MNx, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) were investigated as model catalysts. The distinct activity for CO formation observed along the series of catalysts is attributed to the nature of the transition metal in MNx moieties because of otherwise similar composition, structure, and morphology of the carbon matrix. We identify a volcano trend between their activity toward CO formation and the nature of the transition metal in MNx sites, with Fe and/or Co at the top of the volcano, depending on the electrochemical potential. Regarding selectivity, FeNC, NiNC, and MnNC had Faradaic efficiency for CO >80%. To correctly model the active sites in operando conditions, experimental operando X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was performed to follow changes in the metal oxidation state with electrochemical potential. Co and Mn did not change the oxidation state with potential, whereas Fe and Ni were partially reduced and Cu largely reduced to Cu(0). Computational models then led to the identification of M2+N4–H2O as the most active centers in FeNC and CoNC, whereas Ni1+N4 was predicted as the most active one in NiNC at the considered potentials of −0.5 and −0.6 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. The experimental activity and selectivity could be rationalized from our density functional theory results, identifying in particular the difference between the binding energies for CO2*– and H* as a descriptor of selectivity toward CO. This in-depth understanding of the activity and selectivity based on the speciation of the metals for eCO2RR over atomically dispersed MNx sites provides guidelines for the rational design of MNC catalysts toward eCO2RR for their application in high-performance devices.
Ferroelectric field effect in epitaxial LaVO3/(Ba,Sr)/TiO3/(Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3/(La,Sr)CoO3 heterostructures (2003)

A ferroelectric field effect was demonstrated in epitaxial LaVO3/(Ba,Sr)TiO3/(Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3/(La,Sr)CoO3 semiconductor–ferroelectric–metal heterostructures grown on (001) SrTiO3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. A high degree of c-axis orientation and strong in-plane texture measured by four-circle x-ray diffractometer confirmed the epitaxial crystallographic relationships between the layers. A 30 nm interlayer of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 was required to prevent decomposition of the (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 during growth of LaVO3 at 500 °C in a vacuum. The capacitance–voltage measurement of the heterostructure exhibited a decrease in capacitance of ∼20% at positive voltages, which was explained by the formation of the depletion region in the semiconducting LaVO3. The observed ferroelectric field effect revealed the modulation of the channel resistance confirming the formation of a depletion region estimated to be ∼7 nm in depth. On- to off-state channel resistance ratios up to 2.5 were measured.
Data from TEM8/ANTXR1-Specific CAR T Cells as a Targeted Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease lacking targeted therapy. In this study, we developed a CAR T cell–based immunotherapeutic strategy to target TEM8, a marker initially defined on endothelial cells in colon tumors that was discovered recently to be upregulated in TNBC. CAR T cells were developed that upon specific recognition of TEM8 secreted immunostimulatory cytokines and killed tumor endothelial cells as well as TEM8-positive TNBC cells. Notably, the TEM8 CAR T cells targeted breast cancer stem–like cells, offsetting the formation of mammospheres relative to nontransduced T cells. Adoptive transfer of TEM8 CAR T cells induced regression of established, localized patient-derived xenograft tumors, as well as lung metastatic TNBC cell line–derived xenograft tumors, by both killing TEM8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; TNBC tumor cells and targeting the tumor endothelium to block tumor neovascularization. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for immunotherapeutic targeting of TEM8 as a strategy to treat TNBC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; These findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for immunotherapeutic targeting of an endothelial antigen that is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer and the associated tumor vasculature. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(2); 489–500. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Technical Notes: Breakage Susceptibility of Corn of Different Stress-crack Categories (1993)

Breakage susceptibility (BS) of different kernel stress-crack categories (single, double, and multiple) were tested for two varieties of corn using the Wisconsin and Stein breakage testers. The single category had the lowest BS, followed by those of the double and multiple categories. The relative breakage susceptibility values calculated based on the BS of the single category indicates that the increase in the BS due to increase in stress-crack level is in the range of 5 to 43%, depending on the corn type and BS test device used. The whole sample BS is usually lower than that of the single category, but the actual value depends more on the proportion of kernels in different stress-crack categories than on the total stress-cracked kernels in the sample.
Microfluidics for T‐ Lymphocyte Cell Separation and Inflammation Monitoring in Burn Patients (2011)

Severe burns result in T lymphocyte specific immunologic changes. In addition to decreased levels of circulating lymphocytes, changes in cytokine secretion and receptor expression also take place. Our finer understanding of the inflammatory response has led to the development of immune-targeted therapeutics, requiring specialized gene-expression monitoring. The emerging field of bio-micro-electromechanical systems can be used to isolate highly pure T lymphocytes in a clinically relevant and timely manner for downstream genomic analysis. Blood samples from healthy volunteers and burn-injured patients were introduced into microfluidic devices developed in our laboratory. Utilizing cell-affinity chromatography for positive selection of T lymphocytes, the devices served as a platform for RNA extraction and downstream cytokine analysis via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From a 0.5-mL whole blood sample, the microfluidic devices captured highly pure T lymphocytes from healthy volunteers and burn-injured patients. Cell capture was of sufficient quantity, and extracted RNA was of sufficient quality, for evaluating the gene expression of cytokines: interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10. Microfluidics is a useful tool in processing blood from burn-injured patients. Though in its very early stages of development, cell-specific information obtained by this platform/technology will likely be an important component of near-patient molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine.
On-chip copper–dielectric interference filters for manufacturing of ambient light and proximity CMOS sensors (2014)

Filter technologies implemented on CMOS image sensors for spectrally selective applications often use a combination of on-chip organic resists and an external substrate with multilayer dielectric coatings. The photopic-like and near-infrared bandpass filtering functions respectively required by ambient light sensing and user proximity detection through time-of-flight can be fully integrated on chip with multilayer metal-dielectric filters. Copper, silicon nitride, and silicon oxide are the materials selected for a technological proof-of-concept on functional wafers, due to their immediate availability in front-end semiconductor fabs. Filter optical designs are optimized with respect to specific performance criteria, and the robustness of the designs regarding process errors are evaluated for industrialization purposes.
Gamut Mapping Squeezing the Most out of Your Color System (1994)

Gamut mapping has become an important research topic in the last few years. It is an important component of device-independent-color. In this paper we review some common gamut mapping techniques and present a new technique in which the type of mapping performed is based on the position in color space.
Epinephrine effects on insulin-glucose dynamics: the labeled IVGTT two-compartment minimal model approach (2002)

The hyperglycemic effects of epinephrine (Epi) are established; however, the modulation of Epi-stimulated endogenous glucose production (EGP) by glucose and insulin in vivo in humans is less clear. Our aim was to determine the effect of exogenously increased plasma Epi concentrations on insulin and glucose dynamics. In six normal control subjects, we used the labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) interpreted with the two-compartment minimal model, which provides not only glucose effectiveness (S(G)(2*)), insulin sensitivity (S(I)(2*)), and plasma clearance rate (PCR) at basal state, but also the time course of EGP. Subjects were randomly studied during either saline or Epi infusion (1.5 microg/min). Exogenous Epi infusion increased plasma Epi concentration to a mean value of 2,034 +/- 138 pmol/l. During the stable-label IVGTT, plasma glucose, tracer glucose, and insulin concentrations were significantly higher in the Epi study. The hormone caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in PCR in the Epi state when compared with the basal state. The administration of Epi has a striking effect on EGP profiles: the nadir of the EGP profiles occurs at 21 +/- 7 min in the basal state and at 55 +/- 13 min in the Epi state (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we have shown by use of a two-compartment minimal model of glucose kinetics that elevated plasma Epi concentrations have profound effects at both hepatic and tissue levels. In particular, at the liver site, this hormone deeply affects, in a time-dependent fashion, the inhibitory effect of insulin on glucose release. Our findings may explain how even a normal subject may have the propensity to develop glucose intolerance under the influence of small increments of Epi during physiological stress.
Fabrication of an InGaN/GaN-based LED nanorod array by nanosphere lithography and its optical properties (2015)

In order to reduce the residual strain in multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with an InGaN/GaN heterostructure and enhance the light extraction efficiency of a gallium-nitride-based LED simultaneously, we fabricated a highly periodic multiple quantum well (MQW) nanorod array with an InGaN/GaN heterostructure capable of reducing the residual strain inside the GaN lattice and acting as a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) using polystyrene (PS) nanosphere lithography (NSL) followed by a reactive ion etching (RIE) process and an inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) process. Each individual InGaN/GaN nanorod has a tapered shape from bottom to top with dimensions of 2 ∼ 2.5 µm (length) and 400 ∼ 600nm (diameter). Structural and morphological measurements were undertaken using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and the optical properties were measured by scanning-electron-microscope cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) and photoluminescence (PL) instruments. The proposed InGaN/GaN MQW nanorod array demonstrated higher MQW intensity levels compared to non-processed bare GaN wafer in both the PL and the CL spectra due to the relaxation of residual strain and the increment of the extraction efficiency through the highly periodic 2D photonic crystal structure.
Rücktitelbild: Nanographene: ultrastabile, schaltbare und helle Sonden für die hochauflösende Mikroskopie (Angew. Chem. 1/2020) (2019)

Hochauflösende Fluoreszenzmikroskopie hat bedeutende Durchbrüche in der Biologie und den Materialwissenschaften ermöglicht. X. Liu, M. Bonn et al. führen in ihrem Forschungsartikel auf S. 504 Nanographene als neue Fluorophorklasse für die hochauflösende Fluoreszenzmikroskopie ein. Nanographene zeigen herausragende photophysikalische Eigenschaften, wie hohe hohe Helligkeit, intrinsisches Blinken auch an Luft und ausgezeichnete Fluoreszenzrückgewinnung, und sind über mehrere Monate stabil.
Synergistic TRAIL Sensitizers from Barleria alluaudii and Diospyros maritima (2012)

Barleria alluaudii and Diospyros maritima were both investigated as part of an ongoing search for synergistic TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) sensitizers. As a result of this study, two naphthoquinone epoxides, 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrolapachol (1) and 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-8-hydroxylapachol (2), both not previously isolated from natural sources, and the known 2-methylanthraquinone (3) were identified from B. alluaudii. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra were utilized to establish the absolute configuration of 1 and 2. Additionally, five known naphthoquinone derivatives, maritinone (4), elliptinone (5), plumbagin (6), (+)-cis-isoshinanolone (7), and ethylidene-6,6'-biplumbagin (8), were isolated from D. maritima. Compounds 1, 2, and 4-6 showed varying levels of synergy with TRAIL. Maritinone (4) and elliptinone (5) showed the highest synergistic effect, with more than a 3-fold increase in activity observed with TRAIL than with compound alone.
Delayed Postoperative Neurologic Deficits in Spinal Deformity Surgery (2015)

4.