gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for a light charged Higgs boson in the decay channel $H^{+} \rightarrow c\bar{s}$ in $t\bar{t}$ events using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector (2013)

A search for a charged Higgs boson (<i>H</i><sup>+</sup>) in [Formula: see text] decays is presented, where one of the top quarks decays via <i>t</i>→<i>H</i><sup>+</sup><i>b</i>, followed by <i>H</i><sup>+</sup>→ two jets ([Formula: see text]). The other top quark decays to <i>Wb</i>, where the <i>W</i> boson then decays into a lepton (<i>e</i>/<i>μ</i>) and a neutrino. The data were recorded in <i>pp</i> collisions at [Formula: see text] by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb<sup>-1</sup>. With no observation of a signal, 95 % confidence level (CL) upper limits are set on the decay branching ratio of top quarks to charged Higgs bosons varying between 5 % and 1 % for <i>H</i><sup>+</sup> masses between 90 GeV and 150 GeV, assuming [Formula: see text].
Forget Me Not: Reducing Catastrophic Forgetting for Domain Adaptation in Reading Comprehension (2020)

The creation of large-scale open domain reading comprehension data sets in recent years has enabled the development of end-to-end neural comprehension models with promising results. To use these models for domains with limited training data, one of the most effective approach is to first pre-train them on large out-of-domain source data and then fine-tune them with the limited target data. The caveat of this is that after fine-tuning the comprehension models tend to perform poorly in the source domain, a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting. In this paper, we explore methods that reduce catastrophic forgetting during fine-tuning without assuming access to data from the source domain. We introduce new auxiliary penalty terms and observe the best performance when a combination of auxiliary penalty terms is used to regularise the fine-tuning process for adapting comprehension models. To test our methods, we develop and release 6 narrow domain data sets that can potentially be used as reading comprehension benchmarks.
Generation of vector beams by spatially modulated photonic-crystal lasers (2022)

Laser beams with spatially controlled cross-sectional polarization distributions, called vector beams, have attracted much attention for their ability to be focused to dimensions below the diffraction limit. Here, we realize a single-chip vector beam generator that does not require any external optical elements. This generator consists of modulated photonic-crystal lasers (M-PCSELs) whose photonic-crystal lattice-point positions are spatially modulated to produce vertical diffraction of the two-dimensional lasing mode with various polarization distributions. By designing the modulation, we show that M-PCSEL can generate arbitrary cylindrically polarized vector beams.
Method for generating and dispensing a powdered release agent (2023)

A method for generating and dispensing a powdered release agent during an additive manufacturing build is disclosed. A solid body of release agent material is ground insitu by a grinder and dispensed on a surface of the part to prevent adhesion of an adjacent layer of a base material. With the addition of the powdered release agent, a support structure is easily separated from the base material when the part is complete, saving time and preventing the part from sustaining unintentional damage. Since no powdered release agent is actually loaded or stored in the apparatus, the potential for spillage, waste, inconsistent dispensing, inadvertent dispensing, and clumping due to humidity is eliminated.
Titelbild: The Design and Evaluation of Heparin‐Binding Foldamers (Angew. Chem. 41/2005) (2005)

Kleine Inhibitoren für niedermolekulares Heparin sind mithilfe von Moleküldynamikrechnungen entworfene kurze Arylamidfoldamere. Das Titelbild zeigt, dass vor allem elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen zwischen einer Pentasaccharidsequenz von Heparin und dem Antagonisten für die Bindung wichtig sind. W F. DeGrado et al. schildern in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 6843 ff., dass die Wechselwirkungen von Heparin mit einer Vielzahl an Proteinen, darunter Antithrombin II und Faktor Xa, durch diesen Antagonisten unterbunden werden.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Prostate Cancer Progression Correlates with Increased Humoral Immune Response to a Human Endogenous Retrovirus GAG Protein (2023)

&lt;p&gt;- PDF file 90K, Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
GPRS radio network performance simulation and optimization with dynamic simulator (2004)

This paper discusses GPRS network performance optimization with a dynamic simulator. Simulator models the GSM/GPRS system and a realistic cellular environment with accurate models of e.g. propagation environment, user mobility and traffic distribution. All the relevant details of GPRS protocol stack (LLC, RLC/MAC and physical layer) are taken into account, but less focus is put on GPRS core network, signaling and IP transport layer effects. After defining a set of key performance indicators (KPI) as the basis for the analysis, a real network configuration scenario was applied with the simulator. This setup was then used when GPRS network performance was investigated in order to find the maximum capacity for both GPRS and voice services. At the same time the effect of different radio resource management (RRM) algorithms and parameter alternatives were studied, together with the dynamic interaction between circuit and packet switched services. As a result of this study, a set of optimized and tuned parameters are suggested, which could help operators to go towards more aggressive network deployments with more advanced RRM schemes and at the same time provide higher quality of service (QoS) to the end users with maximized capacity.
Improving the Yule-Nielsen modified Neugebauer model by dot surface coverages depending on the ink superposition conditions (2005)

Dot gain is different when dots are printed alone, printed in superposition with one ink or printed in superposition with two inks. In addition, the dot gain may also differ depending on which solid ink the considered halftone layer is superposed. In a previous research project, we developed a model for computing the effective surface coverage of a dot according to its superposition conditions. In the present contribution, we improve the Yule-Nielsen modified Neugebauer model by integrating into it our effective dot surface coverage computation model. Calibration of the reproduction curves mapping nominal to effective surface coverages in every superposition condition is carried out by fitting effective dot surfaces which minimize the sum of square differences between the measured reflection density spectra and reflection density spectra predicted according to the Yule-Nielsen modified Neugebauer model. In order to predict the reflection spectrum of a patch, its known nominal surface coverage values are converted into effective coverage values by weighting the contributions from different reproduction curves according to the weights of the contributing superposition conditions. We analyze the colorimetric prediction improvement brought by our extended dot surface coverage model for clustered-dot offset prints, thermal transfer prints and ink-jet prints. The color differences induced by the differences between measured reflection spectra and reflection spectra predicted according to the new dot surface estimation model are quantified on 729 different cyan, magenta, yellow patches covering the full color gamut. As a reference, these differences are also computed for the classical Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer model incorporating a single halftone reproduction curve for each ink. Taking into account dot surface coverages according to different superposition conditions considerably improves the predictions of the Yule-Nielsen modified Neugebauer model. In the case of offset prints, the mean difference between predictions and measurements expressed in CIE-LAB CIE-94 &Delta;E<sub>94</sub> values is reduced at 100 lpi from 1.54 to 0.90 (accuracy improvement factor: 1.7) and at 150 lpi it is reduced from 1.87 to 1.00 (accuracy improvement factor: 1.8). Similar improvements have been observed for a thermal transfer printer at 600 dpi, at lineatures of 50 and 75 lpi. In the case of an ink-jet printer at 600 dpi, the mean &Delta;E<sub>94</sub> value is reduced at 75 lpi from 3.03 to 0.90 (accuracy improvement factor: 3.4) and at 100 lpi from 3.08 to 0.91 (accuracy improvement factor: 3.4).
Comparative Efficacy of Commonly Available Human Bone Graft Substitutes as Tested for Posterolateral Fusion in an Athymic Rat Model (2019)

When selecting DBMs, clinicians must be cognizant of variability in DBM efficacy by product and lot. While theoretically osteoinductive, cellular allograft and activated ceramics yielded poor in vivo efficacy. Whole allograft and ceramics may provide osteoconductive scaffolding for mixed-material grafting; however, surgeons should be cautious in using them alone. Direct clinical data are needed to establish efficacy for any bone graft substitute.
Stability and Effectiveness of Wetting Agents in Stored Growing Media (1995)

Three soilless media of different composition (peat: vermiculite, bark: peat: vermiculite, peat: vermiculite: polystyrene) received one of three wetting agent treatments (AquaGro 160 at 60 ml or 120 ml·m –3 ; or AquaGro L at 120 ml·m –3 ) and were subsequently analyzed for wettability after storage for up to 4 months. The respective untreated media served as the controls. All media were stored in closed bags at 24 ± 4C. Water retention was greater in wetting agent-treated media than in controls. Both wetting agents facilitated uniform distribution of water in the media. Control media became more difficult to wet over time, whereas wetting agent treatments maintained uniform wettability of media throughout the storage period. Wetting agent chemistry, treatment rate, and media composition influenced wetting characteristics during media storage. All three wetting agent treatments improved wetting of the peat: vermiculite over the 4-month test period. In bark media, AquaGro 160 applied at 120 ml·m –3 enhanced wetting throughout the study. Media containing polystyrene were difficult to wet. AquaGro 160 applied at 120 ml·m –3 improved wetting for up to 2 months.
High flux coherent supercontinuum soft X-ray source driven by a single-stage 10 mJ, kHz, Ti:sapphire laser amplifier (2014)

We demonstrate the highest flux tabletop coherent soft X-ray source to date, using high harmonics driven by a single-stage Ti:sapphire-pumped OPA at 1.3µm. The spectrum extends to 200eV, with a flux of &gt;106 photons/pulse/1% bandwidth.
Control Laws Design of a Turboprop Engine (2014)

The goal of this paper is to describe a full approach of a decentralized control strategy applied on an industrial multivariable application: a turboprop engine. A first step consists in the linearization of the turboprop engine model around different operating points. After noting strong interactions, decoupling methods are tested in order to reduce the coupling effects. A decentralized strategy is then set up, and PID controllers are further designed. The control laws are finally implemented in order to command a non-linear model of a turboprop engine.
CHAOTIC BURSTING IN A CONVECTING FLUID (1993)

Mixtures of 3 He in superfluid 4 He provide an interesting and important system for testing theories of convection and for studying nonlinear dynamics. Here we describe experimental observations of chaotic bursting in a convecting layer of 3 He -superfluid- 4 He . For aspect ratio Γ=6.0 and Prandtl number Pr=0.3, we find intermittent bursts out of a chaotic state. This state evolved via a series of well-defined transitions involving established routes to chaos. Above the onset of bursting the average length of a burst-free region l varies as a power law: l ∝(R−R b ) −γ with γ=4.6; a power-law dependence of l is expected. An unexpected result is that the average length of a burst varies as (R−R b ) δ with δ=2.0. In addition, a particularly novel state was seen for Γ=4.25 and Pr=0.12, where there occurs a reversible switching transition involving two chaotic attractors.
A 2.02–2.87-GHz −249-dB FoM 1.1-mW Digital PLL Exploiting Reference-Sampling Phase Detector (2020)

This letter proposes a low-power reference-sampling digital phase-locked loop (RS-DPLL). Without any need for a power-hungry low-noise buffer, a reference waveform is directly sampled by a reference-sampling phase detector exploiting a bottom-plate sampling technique. The sampled voltage error is digitized through a gated amplifier incorporated with an 8-bit SAR-ADC of tiny size resulting in high effective resolution while consuming <; 0.2 mW. The proposed RS-DPLL is implemented in 28-nm CMOS. Despite the limited slew-rate of the input reference waveform, the proposed architecture achieves 355-fs rms jitter and consumes only 1.1 mW. This leads to the integrated phase noise FoM of -249 dB.
Nitric Oxide Blockade Increases Sympathetic Nerve Activities Without Changing Dynamic Property of Baroreflex (1995)

Hiroshi, Miyano; Toshiaki, Shishido; Tom, Kawada; Wataru, Matuura; Takayuki, Sato; Masaru, Sugimati; Kenji, Sunagawa Author Information
The luminance of pure black: exploring the effect of surround in the context of electronic displays (2010)

The overall image quality benefits substantially from good reproduction of black tones. Modern displays feature relatively low black level, making them capable rendering good dark tones. However, it is not clear if the black level of those displays is sufficient to produce a "absolute black" color, which appears no brighter than an arbitrary dark surface. To find the luminance necessary to invoke the perception of the absolutely black color, we conduct an experiment in which we measure the highest luminance that cannot be discriminated from the lowest luminance achievable in our laboratory conditions (0.003 <i>cd/m</i><sup>2</sup>). We measure these thresholds under varying luminance of surround (up to 900 <i>cd/m</i><sup>2</sup>), which simulates a range ambient illumination conditions. We also analyze our results in the context of actual display devices. We conclude that the black level of the LCD display with no backlight dimming is not only insufficient for producing absolute black color, but it may also appear grayish under low ambient light levels.
Blind Channel Identification and Equalisation in OFDM using Subspace-Based Methods (2009)

A subspace-based method is proposed for estimating the channel responses of single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. Our technique relies on minimum noise subspace (MNS) decomposition to obtain noise subspace in a parallel structure from a set of pairs (combinations) of system outputs that form a properly connected sequence (PCS). The developed MNS-OFDM estimator is more efficient in computation than subspace (SS)- OFDM estimator, although the former is less robust to noise than the later. To maximise the MNS-OFDM estimator performance, a symmetric version ofMNS is implemented. We present simulation results demonstrating the channel identification performance of the corresponding OFDM-based SIMO systems employ cyclic prefixing approach.
Constrained Scheduling in Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks with Transmit-Only Nodes (2010)

Low cost and low power consumption are two major design criteria in wireless sensor networks (WSN). To meet the increasing demand for localized fine-grained sensing with densely deployed WSNs, this paper proposes the use of a hybrid WSN that consists of nodes with standard transceivers and nodes with only transmitters. A two-phase Constrained-Scheduling based MAC protocol is proposed, which employs the "Automatic Resource Estimation (ARE)" method. Through analysis and extensive simulations, the proposed protocol is shown to achieve a significant performance improvement in terms of data delivery probability, QoS differentiation and energy minimization over existing MAC protocols for such networks. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first effort to bring scheduling to WSNs that contains asynchronous and uncoordinated transmit-only nodes.
The impact of DHT routing geometry on resilience and proximity (2003)

The various proposed DHT routing algorithms embody several different underlying routing geometries. These geometries include hypercubes, rings, tree-like structures, and butterfly networks. In this paper we focus on how these basic geometric approaches affect the resilience and proximity properties of DHTs. One factor that distinguishes these geometries is the degree of flexibility they provide in the selection of neighbors and routes. Flexibility is an important factor in achieving good static resilience and effective proximity neighbor and route selection. Our basic finding is that, despite our initial preference for more complex geometries, the ring geometry allows the greatest flexibility, and hence achieves the best resilience and proximity performance.
CPT-cAMP and okadaic acid enhance phosphatidylcholine catabolism in choline-deficient rat hepatocytes (1991)

The effect of CPT-cAMP and okadaic acid on phosphatidylcholine catabolism in suspension cultures of choline-deficient rat hepatocytes was investigated. Choline-deficient hepatocytes were pulse-labeled for 30 min with [methyl-3H]choline and subsequently chased for up to 60 min with choline in the absence or presence of 0.5 mM CPT-cAMP or 0.5 microM okadaic acid. Radioactivity in phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine were unchanged during the chase. However, the radioactivity incorporated into glycerophosphocholine was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) 59 and 77% after 60 min of chase in hepatocytes incubated with either okadaic acid or CPT-cAMP, respectively. Incubation of choline-deficient hepatocytes with both okadaic acid and CPT-cAMP produced an additive effect on radioactivity incorporated ino glycerophosphocholine. Crude mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytosolic phospholipaselysophospholipase activities, assayed in the presence of exogenously labeled phosphatidylcholine, were unchanged in both CPT-cAMP and okadaic acid treated hepatocytes compared with control. Phospholipase-lysophospholipase activity, assayed with endogenously labeled phosphatidylcholine, was increased 28 and 47% (P less than 0.05) in the crude mitochondrial fraction of hepatocytes treated with either okadaic acid or CPT-cAMP, respectively, compared with the control. Incubation of choline-deficient hepatocytes, labeled with L-[methyl-3H]methionine, with CPT-cAMP or okadaic acid caused a 31 and 20% increase (P less than 0.05) in the radioactivity incorporated into glycerophosphocholine, respectively, compared with the control. We postulate that phosphatidylcholine catabolism in choline-deficient hepatocytes may be regulated by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism mediated through cAMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase activities.
Pyrosequencing Analysis Yields Comprehensive Assessment of Microbial Communities in Pilot-Scale Two-Stage Membrane Biofilm Reactors (2014)

We studied the microbial community structure of pilot two-stage membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) designed to reduce nitrate (NO3(-)) and perchlorate (ClO4(-)) in contaminated groundwater. The groundwater also contained oxygen (O2) and sulfate (SO4(2-)), which became important electron sinks that affected the NO3(-) and ClO4(-) removal rates. Using pyrosequencing, we elucidated how important phylotypes of each "primary" microbial group, i.e., denitrifying bacteria (DB), perchlorate-reducing bacteria (PRB), and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), responded to changes in electron-acceptor loading. UniFrac, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and diversity analyses documented that the microbial community of biofilms sampled when the MBfRs had a high acceptor loading were phylogenetically distant from and less diverse than the microbial community of biofilm samples with lower acceptor loadings. Diminished acceptor loading led to SO4(2-) reduction in the lag MBfR, which allowed Desulfovibrionales (an SRB) and Thiothrichales (sulfur-oxidizers) to thrive through S cycling. As a result of this cooperative relationship, they competed effectively with DB/PRB phylotypes such as Xanthomonadales and Rhodobacterales. Thus, pyrosequencing illustrated that while DB, PRB, and SRB responded predictably to changes in acceptor loading, a decrease in total acceptor loading led to important shifts within the "primary" groups, the onset of other members (e.g., Thiothrichales), and overall greater diversity.
Virulence, immunopathology and transmissibility of selected strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin a murine model (2008)

After encounter with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a series of non-uniform immune responses are triggered that define the course of the infection. Eight M. tuberculosis strains were selected from a prospective population-based study of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (1995-2003) based on relevant clinical/epidemiological patterns and tested in a well-characterized BALB/c mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition, a new mouse model of transmissibility consisting of prolonged cohousing (up to 60 days) of infected and naïve animals was tested. Four phenotypes were defined based on strain virulence (mouse survival, lung bacillary load and tissue damage), immunology response (cytokine expression determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and transmissibility (lung bacillary loads and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity in naïve animals).We identified four clearly defined strain phenotypes: (1) hypervirulent strain with non-protective immune response and highly transmissible; (2) virulent strain, associated with high expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor and interferon) and very low anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (interleukins 4 and 10), which induced accelerated death by immunopathology; (3) strain inducing efficient protective immunity with lower virulence, and (4) strain demonstrating strong and early macrophage activation (innate immunity) with delayed participation of acquired immunity (interferon expression). We were able to correlate virulent and transmissible phenotypes in the mouse model and markers of community transmission such as tuberculin reactivity among contacts, rapid progression to disease and cluster status. However, we were not able to find correlation with the other two phenotypes. Our new transmission model supported the hypothesis that among these strains increased virulence was linked to increased transmission.
Random Telegraph Signal Phenomena in Ultra Shallow p+n Silicon Avalanche Diodes (2018)

An extensive time domain analysis of the random telegraph signal (RTS) phenomena in silicon avalanche diodes is presented. Experiments show two distinct types of RTSs classified herein, on the basis of the temporal behavior of the amplitude, as the “decaying” and the “constant” type. These RTSs are analyzed using a model for defects reported earlier, from which their ohmic series resistance and geometrical parameters have been estimated. The results indicate that breakdown of a relatively small area defect results in a “decaying” amplitude type of RTS, and breakdown of a relatively large area defect results in a “constant” amplitude type of RTS. These two types can be explained by the differences in the thermal resistance, which is higher for the former.