gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(45) Effect of the Sugar: Acid Background on Perception of Tomato Aroma (2005)

Sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, or glucose/fructose in combination) were added to coarsely chopped, deodorized tomato puree, increasing the sugar level of the puree by 2% to 3%. Sugars (equal amounts of glucose and fructose) along with citric acid were also added to another puree, at two different levels, to create a range of sugar: acid ratios (4.88–19.07). This second puree was then spiked with two different levels of aroma volatiles, reported to affect tomato flavor, in order to understand the influence of the sugar: acid background on tomato aroma and taste perception. The tomato puree was presented to a trained panel and was rated for intensity of aroma and taste descriptors on a 15-cm unstructured line scale. For the puree spiked with sugars only, panelists detected differences for overall aroma, ripe aroma, overall taste, sweetness and sourness intensities ( P &lt; 0.15). Adding sweet sugars, like fructose and sucrose, resulted in decreased ratings for aroma descriptors, apparently detracting from panelists' perception of aroma. The sugar: acid ratio of the second tomato puree was found to correlate with perception of taste descriptors sweet (+), sour (–), bitter (–) ( P &lt; 0.05), and citrus (–) ( P &lt; 0.15) for most volatiles tested. Correlations were also found for the sugar: acid ratio with overall aftertaste (–) when the puree was spiked with furanol, trans-2-hexenal, geranylacetone, or acetaldehyde; fruity (+) with β-ionone and linalool; and tropical (+) with cis-3-hexenal and geranylacetone ( P &lt; 0.15). The study suggests that increasing taste factors, like sweetness, result in decreased perception of tomato aroma in general, and affect how aroma compounds influence sensory descriptors.
Comparison of in-plane and out-of-plane optical amplification in AFM measurements (2005)

The in-plane image of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) generally exhibits a higher resolution and less noise than the out-of-plane image. Geometrical considerations indicate that the optical in-plane amplification is ≈40 times larger than the out-of-plane amplification. We experimentally confirm this explanation in a dedicated setup.
Utilization of BozPhos as an Effective Ligand in Enantioselective C–H Functionalization of Cyclopropanes: Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolones and Dihydroquinolones (2019)

The bisphosphine monoxide ( R, R)-BozPhos enables enantioselective C-H functionalization of cyclopropanes in a palladium-catalyzed cyclization. The synthesis of a broad spectrum of dihydroisoquinolones and dihydroquinolones in good yields and high enantiomeric excess was achieved through the use of this hemilabile ligand. Furthermore, the isolation of an intermediary palladium(II)-BozPhos complex after oxidative addition was successful and a second complex provided further insight into bond length and angles through a crystal structure.
Transient kinetics of nucleation (1990)

Analytical solutions for the time-dependent cluster concentrations and nucleation rate in homogeneous nucleation are obtained by the singular perturbation approach. The effect of cluster scavenging by free molecule particles on the kinetics of nucleation is also investigated through analogous analytical solutions in this case. Apparent conflicting suggestions in the literature concerning the time lag of nucleation are resolved.
Air‐Stable, Dinuclear and Tetranuclear σ,π‐Acetylide Gold(I) Complexes and Their Catalytic Implications (2013)

Two for one gold: Factors governing the formation of isolable digold(I) σ,π-acetylide complexes are given (see scheme), indicating the general tendency of phosphine-Au(I) precatalysts to form this type of complexes, which are involved as reaction intermediates in gold(I)-catalyzed reactions. Mechanistic insights into the intermolecular hydroamination of aniline and terminal alkynes catalyzed by gold(I) have shown the role of a fluxional, cationic σ,π-digold alkynide complex as one of the intermediates in the formation of imines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ionic Liquid as Catalyst Medium for Stereoselective Hydrogenations of Sorbic Acid with Ruthenium Complexes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Subpicosecond pulse amplification in semiconductor laser amplifiers (2002)

Recent experimental progress in high power modelocked semiconductor lasers together with the discovery of subpicosecond time scale gain and index dynamics in semiconductor amplifiers has underscored the need for an improved theory of amplification in these devices that correctly accounts for TeraHertz bandwidths and high intensities. The authors present an improved and more general version of their theoretical model for femtosecond pulse amplification in a SLA that includes the influence of finite intraband relaxations time. Comparison of calculation with a sequence of experiments on an angle stripe geometry SLA show excellent agreement and give parameter values that are all reasonable and also give information on the underlying physics. The propagation of the pulse in the SLA is described by a nonlinear equation for the time domain pulse envelope which includes both intensity and phase shaping effects as well the rapid gain and phase dynamics which have been observed through pump-probe experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Selective secretion of microRNAs from lung cancer cells via extracellular vesicles promotes CAMK1D-mediated tube formation in endothelial cells (2017)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key signaling mediators between cancer cells and their supporting stroma, and regulate critical processes such as invasion, metastases, and angiogenesis. We have identified a subset of miRNAs (miR-142-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-451a, miR-486-5p, miR-605-5p) that are enriched in lung adenocarcinoma extracellular vesicles compared to the donor cells from which they were derived. Two well-known tumor suppressors, miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p, were also enriched in serum samples collected during surgery from blood vessels draining directly from lung adenocarcinoma tumor beds. Recently, both miRNAs were found to promote neoangiogenesis in endothelial cells in mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma through targeting of CAMK1D, an inhibitory kinase that can impair angiogenesis when over-expressed. We show that the transfer of miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p within extracellular vesicles from lung adenocarcinoma cells to endothelial cells reduces the levels of CAMK1D and increases tube formation by endothelial cells. This finding suggests that transfer of miRNAs within extracellular vesicles is a method of communication between cancer and endothelial cells which promotes angiogenesis while simultaneously removing tumor suppressive miRNAs within the tumor cells, thus driving tumorigenesis.
Pedicle screw fixation for traumatic fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine (2011)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of pedicle screw fixation for traumatic fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Our two main comparisons will be between: pedicle screw fixation and other methods of surgical treatment (Hook‐Rod fixation; direct anterior column decompression and reconstruction using bone or synthetic grafts with or without internal fixation); and different methods of pedicle screw fixation.
Une nouvelle approche pour la détection de cibles dans les images radar basée sur des distances et moyennes dans des espaces de matrices de covariance (2009)

The following paper aims at presenting new theoretical and algorithmic developments to the problem of target detection&#13;\nin radar imaging. This concept has been explored very recently by the authors as a possible alternative to the standard&#13;\nFourier transform-based algorithm called TFAC. Indeed, TFAC proves inaccurate in cases where the number of impulses per emission salvo in the radar image becomes small. To avoid lack of resolution of the Fourier transform, we&#13;\npropose an entirely different approach that involves covariance structures of the data instead of raw datas themselves.&#13;\nWorking with covariance matrices, as defined by (1), of the complex vectors that represents the radar data has already&#13;\nappeared useful in some other issues related to radar image processing, which motivated their use in this particular&#13;\nproblem. The basic idea of the algorithm is identical to other detection schemes : we want to compare a given location&#13;\non the radar image with its neighbourhood and detect a target as a point where radar data is highly different from the&#13;\naverage of its closest neighbours. The difference in our setting comes from the fact that we try to evaluate it through&#13;\nthese covariance matrices defined at each point. Assuming that we can derive them from the data, the problem&#13;\nbecomes one of de fining and computing adapted distances and averages of such objects. This involves recent results&#13;\nin differential geometric studies of hermitian positive definite matrices'space and is developed in section 2 and 3.&#13;\nThe metric on HPDn(C) needs to satisfy some invariances due to the special structure of covariance matrices, in&#13;\nparticular invariance by basis changes which imposes condition (2). This excludes all the usual distances we know like&#13;\nfor instance the Frobenius norm. A pleasant framework to derive a good distance is the one of Riemannian geometry.&#13;\nConsidering the manifold HPDn(C), we define a metric on the identity tangent space which we transport to the whole&#13;\nspace according to the invariances we want (4). Taking the most simple metric on the identity tangent space, ie the&#13;\nusual euclidean metric, we have defined a riemannian metric satisfying the conditions. Another good point comes from&#13;\nthe fact that we have an explicit parametrisation of the geodesics (9) and therefore, integrating along them, the&#13;\nexpression of the distance as in (7) and (8). It is very remarkable that the resulting distance is actually the Siegel&#13;\ndistance in HPDn(C), which is also Rao's distance measure between zero-mean Gaussian distributions in&#13;\ninformation geometry...
Head and neck cancer surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An international, multicenter, observational cohort study (2020)

Head and neck surgery is safe for patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic even when it is lengthy and complex. This is significant because concerns over patient safety raised in many guidelines appear not to be reflected by outcomes, even for those who have other serious illnesses or require complex reconstructions. Patients subjected to suboptimal or nonstandard treatments should be carefully followed up to optimize their cancer outcomes. The overlap between patients and surgeons testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is notable and emphasizes the need for fastidious cross-infection controls and effective personal protective equipment.
Block Copolymer (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Solenopsis invicta virus 3: Further Host-Specificity Tests with NativeSolenopsisAnts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2015)

A thorough understanding of host specificity is essential before pathogens can be used as biopesticides or self-sustaining biocontrol agents. In order to better define the host range of Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3), we collected and exposed colonies of 2 native fire ants (Solenopsis aurea Wheeler, Solenopsis xyloni McCook) and 2 native thief ants (Solenopsis carolinensis Forel, Solenopsis molesta [Say]) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to the SINV-3 virus. Despite extreme exposure to the virus, active, replicating infections resulted only in colonies of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren). These results, combined with a previous study of ants from 13 other genera, strongly support the proposition that the SINV-3 virus can be used safely as either a biopesticide or a self-sustaining biocontrol agent in parts of California, the Caribbean, and other regions of the world where this virus does yet not occur.
Phase I/II dose-escalation trial of fractionated dose 177Lu-J591 plus 177Lu-PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2019)

TPS339 Background: PC is a radiosensitive disease. PSMA is selectively overexpressed in advanced PC with upregulation by androgen receptor (AR) pathway dysregulation; limited expression exists in other organs. Prior studies of beta-emitting radiolabeled anti-PSMA antibody J591 demonstrated accurate targeting, efficacy with dose-response effect, and safety with predictable dose-limiting myelosuppression. Recent prospective trials have shown efficacy and safety of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 in mCRPC. Studies demonstrate different binding sites of J591 and PSMA-617 and co-administration leads to non-competitive additive binding and delivery of payloads to PSMA+ cells. As the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the 2 agents is mostly non-overlapping (other than tumor) and given our prior dose-response data, we hypothesize that delivery of the combination will yield higher tumor delivery with less off-target toxicity (i.e. better responses without increased toxicity). Methods: Men with progressive mCRPC following at least 1 potent AR-targeted agent (e.g. abi/enza) and docetaxel (or unfit/refuse chemo) with metastatic disease on CT/MRI or bone scan without limit of # prior therapies (excluding bone-targeted beta-emitting radioisotopes) provided adequate organ function will be enrolled. Pre-treatment 88 Ga-PSMA-11 will be performed, but results are not used for eligibility. Treatment includes fractionated 177 Lu-J591 at a fixed moderate dose with escalating doses of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 (7.4 – 18.5 GBq per cycle, fractionated D1 and D15) in a 3+3 dose-escalation study. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) is defined as attributable grade &gt; 3 heme toxicity or grade &gt; 2 non-heme toxicity. Following determination of recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), the phase 2 portion will enroll in a 2-stage design. Primary endpoints: DLT and RP2D (ph 1) and PSA decline proportion (ph 2). Secondary endpoints include toxicity, radiographic response, PFS, rPFS, OS, CTC count changes. Correlatives include baseline/follow up PSMA imaging, whole body distribution of 177 Lu, tissue and circulating genomic assessment, immunologic assessment, and patient reported outcomes (FACT-P and BPI-SF). Clinical trial information: NCT03545165.
Miniaturized dielectric chip antenna in a C-shaped configuration with an array of shorting pins (2002)

A novel miniaturized quarter-wavelength C-shaped antenna, which will find many applications in cellular phones, and indoor wireless LANs is presented. The dielectric chip antenna is designed on a 0.625 mm thick ceramic substrate with a size of 10 mm /spl times/ 9.5 mm. Simulation results show that this antenna has a nearly omnidirectional pattern and a bandwidth of 0.7% for VSWR < 2.
Repetitive Control System Under Actuator Saturation and Windup Prevention (2009)

This work provides an analysis of the steady state response of a prototype repetitive controller applied to a class of nonlinear systems, i.e., systems with actuator saturation. First, it is shown that the steady state solution of the closed loop nonlinear system can be obtained by an iterative Picard process, which establishes the periodic nature of the steady state solution. Second, the conditions for obtaining bounded steady state responses are analyzed for a saturating nonlinearity commonly found in mechatronic applications. Valuable insight is provided into the effects of input signals and saturating actuators on the closed loop performance of a prototype repetitive controller. In order to improve the transient closed loop response, a simple antiwindup strategy tailored to repetitive controllers is proposed.
Adaptive MLSE receiver: hybrid of per-survivorprocessing and tentative decision MLSE (2000)

An adaptive maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receiver is proposed that employs both per-survivor processing (PSP)-MLSE and tentative decision (TD)-MLSE by selecting one of them based on the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Since the instantaneous SNR varies according to the channel, the proposed hybrid receiver can automatically control its complexity relative to the channel environment. Computer simulation results indicate that when compared with the PSP-MLSE, the proposed receiver can significantly reduce complexity with only a slight degradation in performance.
Tunable optical delay line based on a fibre Bragggrating (1998)

A tunable fibre optic delay line is demonstrated using a uniform fibre Bragg grating. A segment of the grating is heated, increasing its Bragg wavelength so that a signal propagating outside the nominal stop-band is reflected from that point. The position of the heater along the length of the grating determines the time delay encountered by the signal. For a 10 cm apodised grating, a delay of up to 700 ps was obtained.
Fluidized-Bed Coating with Sodium Sulfate and PVA−TiO2, 2. Influence of Coating Solution Viscosity, Stickiness, pH, and Droplet Diameter on Agglomeration (2009)

In the first part of this study [Hede, P. D.; Bach, P.; Jensen, A. D. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 49, 1914], agglomeration regime maps were developed for two types of coatings: sodium sulfate and PVA−TiO2. It was observed here how the agglomeration tendency is always lower for the salt coating process than for the polymer coating process, under similar process conditions. This is investigated further in this second part and concluded to be due to differences in coating solution stickiness, rather than differences in bulk viscosities. Furthermore, results show that it is possible to optimize the PVA−TiO2 coating formulation and process to achieve a low tendency of agglomeration, similar to that of the salt coating process. The best results for the PVA−TiO2 solution are obtained by substituting the PVA−TiO2 in equal amounts with Neodol 23-6.5 and further reducing the pH value in the coating solution to pH 4.
The interleukin-1 gene family in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease course (2003)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of presumed autoimmune origin with a considerable polygenic influence. We have previously observed that a specific allele combination in genes of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family influenced the progression rate in MS. We have considerably expanded our patient population (492 MS patients and 228 controls). In the present study, we investigated the role of the IL-IA--889, IL-1B--511, IL-1B f3953 and IL-1RN VNTR gene polymorphisms in MS. In addition, we performed preliminary analyses on longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We found no associations between the polymorphisms and susceptibility to MS or clinical features. In addition, we observed no significant effect of the polymorphisms on brain or lesion volumes, Based on our data and those from the literature, one can conclude that there is currently no evidence to support a role for the IL-1 genes in MS.
MU-MIMO-OFDM with Analog Beamforming and Spreading Codes for User Separation (2018)

This paper presents a multiuser (MU)-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme that realizes signal separation among mobile terminals by spreading codes on top of analog beamforming with analog-digital hybrid massive MIMO. Multiuser MIMO scheme suffers from interference among terminals caused by inaccurate information of channel responses. The channel state information (CSI) of the terminals are outdated owing to a Doppler shift if there is a time lag between channel estimation and CSI feedback. Thus, this paper proposes an MU-MIMO-OFDM scheme with analog-digital hybrid massive MIMO and orthogonal spreading codes that separates signals for mobile terminals. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that on WINNER II Umi NLOS channel the proposed scheme improves bit error rate (BER) performance by 1.0dB at a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> in comparison with the conventional MU-MIMO.
Embedded system USB host design based on CH375 (2010)

In order to complete the USB host with TMS320DM642 control based on CH375,the character of CH375 was briefly introduced.The hardware framework was presented,and the software design of low-level driver was proposed.The result demonstratesthat,with the proposed USB host design the Human Interface Device(HID) can be controlled well,and USB storage device can beused,which greatly expands the application of fine and cheap HID and USB storage device in embedded system.
Unsaturated Linkages in Dioxythiophene−Benzothiadiazole Donor−Acceptor Electrochromic Polymers: The Key Role of Conformational Freedom (2009)

The perspective of generating new colors commonly difficult to attain such as cyan blue and greens of various tones and saturations has motivated the design of conjugated polymer finely tuned in their molecular structure to reassemble the optical features desired in the context of non-emissive electrochromic device (ECD) applications. Herein, we report on a series of soluble donor−acceptor (DA) conjugated polymers involving 3,4-dioxythiophenes (DOTs) and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) constructed in combination with unsaturated linkages, namely ethynylene and trans-ethylene, and compare these to their fully polyheterocyclic DA control analogues with careful emphasis on optical, electrochemical, and electrochromic (EC) properties. As confirmed by spectroelectrochemical analysis, ethynylene linkers hindered the formation of a defined bipolaronic transition in the near-IR and were thus found disruptive with respect to the EC potential of their subsequent alternating copolymers. On the other hand, the presence of trans-ethylene spacers incorporated in the DA polymeric backbones allowed further narrowing of the energy gap so that new colors distinct from that exhibited by the control polymers were accessed including saturated green, a complementary color in the realization of polymeric EC displays. Systematic spectroelectrochemical analysis of each novel DA polymer is provided that offers clear evidence of the requirement for conformational freedom and stable quinoidal geometries upon electrochemical oxidation as cathodically coloring electrochromic polymers (ECPs) are switched reversibly to their transmissive doped state.
Planned Direct Dual-modality Treatment of Complex Broad-necked Intracranial Aneurysms: Four Technical Case Reports (2000)

Complex, broad-necked aneurysms that may be difficult to treat with a single mode of therapy can be safely and successfully treated with a combination of endovascular and microsurgical techniques. For patients with broad-based aneurysms that are difficult to access surgically without incurring significant morbidity, microsurgical clipping may be used as the initial procedure to create a smaller neck. Alternatively, for patients who are in poor clinical condition after subarachnoid hemorrhage and who harbor a broad-necked aneurysm in a surgically formidable location, partial coiling may be used initially to reduce the short-term risk of rebleeding.