gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbiote et vieillissement. (2018)

Age-related degeneration gives rise to a number of pathologies, many of which are associated with changes in the composition of the microbiota (dysbiosis) and disruption of the immune system associated with the intestine. The typical dysbiosis in the elderly is characterized by the reduction of the number of beneficial species and generally by a low microbial biodiversity. Aging is also characterized by an increase in the concentration of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream, a phenomenon called "inflammaging" and the decrease in immunity, commonly known as immunosenescence. This low-grade chronic inflammation and immunosenescence is likely to be detrimental to the normal functioning of many peripheral tissues. Due to its fundamental role in human health, the intestine is considered as a target organ to improve the quality of life of seniors. In this context, even though the link between the intestinal microbiota and the aging process is only partially understood so far, the intestinal ecosystem is a promising target for nutritional strategies that may contribute to improving the health condition of the elderly.
Surface Coating Approach to Overcome Mucosal Entrapment of DNA Nanoparticles for Oral Gene Delivery of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (2019)

Oral delivery of nucleic acid therapy is a promising strategy in treating various diseases because of its higher patient compliance and therapeutic efficiency compared to parenteral routes of administration. However, its success has been limited by the low transfection efficiency resulting from nucleic acid entrapment in the mucus layer and epithelial barrier of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Herein, we describe an approach to overcome this phenomenon and improve oral DNA delivery in the context of treating type II diabetes (T2D). Linear PEI (<i>l</i>PEI) was used as a carrier to form complexes with plasmid DNA encoding glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a common target in T2D treatments. These nanoparticles were then coated with a mixture of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-<i>rac</i>-glycero-3-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-2000 (DMG-PEG) to render the nanoparticle surface hydrophilic and electrostatically neutral. The surface-modified <i>l</i>PEI/DNA nanoparticles showed higher diffusivity and transport in the mucus layer of the GI tract and mediated high levels of transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, these modified nanoparticles demonstrated high levels of GLP-1 expression for more than 24 h in the liver, lungs, and intestine in a T2D murine model after a single dose, as well as controlled blood glucose levels within a normal range for at least 18 h with repeatable therapeutic effects upon multiple dosages. Taken together, this work demonstrates the feasibility of an oral plasmid DNA delivery approach in the treatment of T2D through a facile surface modification to improve the mucus permeability and delivery efficiency of the nanoparticles.
pH-Responsive Nanoparticle Superlattices with Tunable DNA Bonds* (2020)

Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials with reconfigurable structures and properties have garnered significant interest in the fields of optics, electronics, magnetics, and therapeutics. DNA is a powerful and versatile building material that provides programmable structural and dynamic properties, and indeed, sequence-dependent 1118changes in DNA have already been exploited in creating switchable DNA-based architectures. However, rather than designing a new DNA input sequence for each intended dynamic change, it would be useful to have one simple, generalized stimulus design that could provide multiple different structural outputs. In pursuit of this goal, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized pH-dependent, switchable nanoparticle superlattices by utilizing i-motif DNA structures as pH-sensitive DNA bonds. When the pH of the solution containing such superlattices is changed, the superlattices reversibly undergo: (i) a lattice expansion or contraction, a consequence of the pH-induced change in DNA length, or (ii) a change in crystal symmetry, a consequence of both pH-induced DNA “bond breaking” and “bond forming” processes. The introduction of i-motifs in DNA colloidal crystal engineering marks a significant step toward being able to dynamically modulate crystalline architectures and propagate local molecular motion into global structural change via exogenous stimuli.
Vasoactive Properties of Hemoglobin Solutions: Facts, Fiction and Myths”. (1999)

Baxter Healthcare Corp., Hemoglobin Ther. Div., 2545 Central Avenue, Suite FD-1, Boulder, CO 80301-2857, U.S.A.
Nonuniform grid algorithm for fast calculation of magnetostatic interactions in micromagnetics (2009)

A nonuniform grid (NG) algorithm for rapidly computing magnetostatic field for micromagnetic simulations is described. The algorithm relies on spatial NG representation of the potential from the source boxes and local interpolation. Multilevel implementations of the algorithm result in a linear computational complexity with respect to the number of effective magnetic charges and observers. The algorithm is highly adaptive with respect to structure’s geometry, i.e., it becomes automatically faster for low dimensional configurations such as quasiplanar bit patterned medium arrays.
Study of Synchronous RF Pulsing in Dual Frequency Capacitively Coupled Plasma (2023)

Low-pressure multi-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas are used for numerous etch and deposition applications in the semiconductor industry. Pulsing of the radio-frequency (RF) sources enables control of neutral and charged species in the plasma on a millisecond timescale. The synchronous (i.e., simultaneous, in-phase) pulsing of both power sources in a dual frequency capacitively coupled plasma is examined in this article. Due to the low gas pressure, modeling has been done using the electrostatic Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision method. The objective of this work is to investigate the sensitivity of the plasma properties to small changes in timing during synchronous pulsing of the 2 RF sources. It is demonstrated that small deviations in the on and off times of the 2 RF sources can lead to major changes in the plasma characteristics. This high sensitivity is of concern for process repeatability but can be utilized to enable better control of the dynamics of plasma-surface interaction. In the simulations, the pulsing parameters (on and off times and ramp rates) are varied and the temporal evolution of plasma characteristics such as electron density (ne), species current at the electrode, and electron temperature are examined. It is demonstrated that if the low-frequency (LF) source is turned off a few μs before (or after) the high-frequency source, ne during the off-state is significantly higher (or lower) due to the frequency coupling effect. Similarly, turning on the LF source with a small delay results in a sharp increase in the plasma density when the RF sources are turned on.
World Food Atlas Project (2021)

A coronavirus pandemic is forcing people to be "at home" all over the world. In a life of hardly ever going out, we would have realized how the food we eat affects our bodies. What can we do to know our food more and control it better? To give us a clue, we are trying to build a World Food Atlas (WFA) that collects all the knowledge about food in the world. In this paper, we present two of our trials. The first is the Food Knowledge Graph (FKG), which is a graphical representation of knowledge about food and ingredient relationships derived from recipes and food nutrition data. The second is the FoodLog Athl and the RecipeLog that are applications for collecting people's detailed records about food habit. We also discuss several problems that we try to solve to build the WFA by integrating these two ideas.
Optimum and Suboptimum Transmit Beamforming (2018)

Beamforming for transmission in a network is, in several aspects, more difficult than beamforming for reception. At first sight, the problems appear to be equivalent; because the radio channel is reciprocal, a good uplink beamformer should also work well in the downlink. Another fundamental difference is the channel knowledge. A receiver equipped with an antenna array can estimate the channel, or train a beamformer adaptively, using known pilot symbols in the transmitted signal. In a system with time division duplex, the uplink and downlink transmission shares the same frequency using different time slots. As long as the delay between the uplink and downlink time slots is short compared with the coherence time of the channel, the reciprocity principle of electromagnetics shows that the spatial signature of the downlink is identical to that of the uplink. If however, the duplex time separation is larger than the coherence time, instantaneous downlink channel is more or less uncorrelated with the estimated uplink channel.
Improving chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat separation based on a detailed consideration of magnetic field contributions (2018)

Purpose To improve the robustness of existing chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat separation methods by incorporating a priori information of the magnetic field distortions in complex‐based water–fat separation. Methods Four major field contributions are considered: inhomogeneities of the scanner magnet, the shim field, an object‐based field map estimate, and a residual field. The former two are completely determined by spherical harmonic expansion coefficients directly available from the magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. The object‐based field map is forward simulated from air–tissue interfaces inside the field of view (FOV). The missing residual field originates from the object outside the FOV and is investigated by magnetic field simulations on a numerical whole body phantom. In vivo the spatially linear first‐order component of the residual field is estimated by measuring echo misalignments after demodulation of other field contributions resulting in a linear residual field. Gradient echo datasets of the cervical and the ankle region without and with shimming were acquired, where all four contributions were incorporated in the water–fat separation with two algorithms from the ISMRM water–fat toolbox and compared to water–fat separation with less incorporated field contributions. Results Incorporating all four field contributions as demodulation steps resulted in reduced temporal and spatial phase wraps leading to almost swap‐free water–fat separation results in all datasets. Conclusion Demodulating estimates of major field contributions reduces the phase evolution to be driven by only small differences in local tissue susceptibility, which supports the field smoothness assumption of existing water–fat separation techniques.
Near-field beam displacement at surface plasmon resonance (2011)

A finite-size beam exciting a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) in a prism coupling configuration experiences an in-plane displacement that can be used for the characterization of plasmonic components by means of near-field optical microscopy. We first demonstrate experimentally the existence of this displacement by taking near-field images of finite-width metal strips. Next, the properties of this shift are analyzed in detail. We investigate the dynamic of the near-field shift for an incident Gaussian beam as a function of illumination conditions. For beams with a narrow spectrum, we propose a straightforward derivation showing that the displacement depends on the average angle of incidence according to a Lorentzian law characteristic of the SPP resonance. For smaller beams with typical sizes of an order or smaller than the plasmon damping distance, we give a heuristic expression relating the beam displacement to the amount of incident energy that can couple to the SPP mode. By using an analogy with tunneling experiments through a dielectric barrier, we demonstrate a direct-space analog of the Hartman effect. Finally we show that the beam displacement is a convenient parameter that can be used to optimize SPP mode excitation in plasmonic waveguiding geometries.
STAT3 Mediates Resistance to MEK Inhibitor through MicroRNA miR-17 (2011)

AZD6244 is a small molecule inhibitor of the MEK (MAP/ERK kinase) pathway currently in clinical trials. However, the mechanisms mediating intrinsic resistance to MEK inhibition are not fully characterized. To define molecular mechanisms of MEK inhibitor resistance, we analyzed responses of 38 lung cancer cell lines following AZD6244 treatment and their genome-wide gene expression profiles and identified a panel of genes correlated with sensitivity or resistance to AZD6244 treatment. In particular, ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that activation of the STAT3 pathway was associated with MEK inhibitor resistance. Inhibition of this pathway by JSI-124, a STAT3-specific small molecule inhibitor, or with STAT3-specific siRNA sensitized lung cancer cells to AZD6244 and induced apoptosis. Moreover, combining a STAT3 inhibitor with AZD6244 induced expression of BIM and PARP cleavage, whereas activation of the STAT3 pathway inhibited BIM expression and elicited resistance to MEK inhibitors. We found that the STAT3-regulated microRNA miR-17 played a critical role in MEK inhibitor resistance, such that miR-17 inhibition sensitized resistant cells to AZD6244 by inducing BIM and PARP cleavage. Together, these results indicated that STAT3-mediated overexpression of miR-17 blocked BIM expression and caused resistance to AZD6244. Our findings suggest novel approaches to overcome resistance to MEK inhibitors by combining AZD6244 with STAT3 or miR-17 inhibitors.
A novel method for treatment of complex polydactyly: modified on-top plasty technique (2022)

Abstract Background: Congenital polydactyly is a common deformity of the limbs, and excision of the extra digit has shown good results in the vast majority of patients. However, this treatment approach may not suitable for all cases of polydactyly. For rare types of complex polydactyly, some complex surgical procedures are required to achieve satisfactory correction. The aim of this study was to report a rare type of polydactyly and to describe a novel method that is modified on-top plasty technique for treating it. Results: We performed the first osteotomy at the neck of the metatarsal bone by “grafting” the distal polydactyl digit with the normal axis to the 5th metatarsal bone. Excision of the duplicated toe was accompanied by simultaneous restoration of the 5th toe axis and decrease in the width of the forefoot. Finally, both appearance and function could be improved with this surgical approach. Most importantly, the complete osteoarticular structure and weight-bearing structure of foot were well reconstructed. Conclusions: The modified on-top plasty technique is an effective method for treating this rare type of polydactyly, and it is hoped that this method could provide important assistance in making treatment decision in similar situation in the future.
Framework for Unifying 5G and Next Generation Satellite Communications (2018)

5G systems have started field trials, and deployment plans are being formulated, following completion of comprehensive standardization efforts and the introduction of multiple technological innovations for improving data rates and latency. Similar to earlier terrestrial wireless technologies, build-out of 5G systems will occur initially in higher population density areas offering the best business cases while not fully addressing airborne and marine applications. Satellite communications will thus continue to be indispensable as part of an integrated 5G/satellite architecture to achieve truly universal coverage. Such a unified architecture across terrestrial and satellite wireless technologies can ensure global service, support innovative 5G use cases, and reduce both capital investments and operational costs through efficiencies in network infrastructure deployment and spectrum utilization. This article presents an architectural framework based on a layered approach comprising network, data link, and physical layers together with a multimode user terminal. The network layer uses off-the-shelf building blocks based on 4G and 5G industry standards. The data link layer benefits from dynamic sharing of resources across multiple systems, enabled by intersystem knowledge of estimated and actual traffic demands, RF situational awareness, and resource availability. Communication resource sharing has traditionally comprised time, frequency, and power dimensions. Sharing can be enhanced by leveraging dynamic knowledge of communication platform location, trajectory, and antenna directivity. Logically centralized resource management provides a scalable approach for better utilization of spectrum, especially in higher bands that have traditionally been used by satellites and now are also being proposed for 5G systems. Resource sharing maximizes the utility of a multimode terminal that can access satellite or terrestrial RF links based on specific use cases, traffic demand, and QoS requirements.
Increased serum phosphate levels and calcium fluxes are seen in smaller individuals after a single dose of sodium phosphate colon cleansing solution: a pharmacokinetic analysis (2009)

Increased serum phosphate occurs in smaller individuals after ingestion of sodium phosphate preparations, even with strict attention to fluid intake. Smaller body weight poses a potential risk for calcium-phosphate nephropathy.
Phase I trial of a mouse monoclonal antibody against GD3 ganglioside in patients with melanoma: induction of inflammatory responses at tumor sites. (1988)

Twenty-one patients were entered into a phase I trial to evaluate toxicity, antitumor effects, and biological responses at tumor sites during treatment of R24, an immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against GD3 ganglioside. Toxicity was related to dose of R24. Urticaria and pruritus were the most prominent side effects, with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea occurring at the highest dose levels. Partial responses were observed in four patients lasting from 6 to 46 weeks, and mixed responses were seen in two patients. Responses occurred as early as 4 weeks and as late as 10 weeks after beginning treatment. Twenty of the 21 patients developed human IgG antibodies against R24. Antimouse Ig antibodies were first detected at a median of 14 days after starting treatment, but three of the four patients who had a partial response developed the antimouse Ig responses later than 20 days. Peak serum levels of R24 were related to dose and ranged from a mean of 0.9 micrograms/mL at the lowest dose level (1 mg/m2/d) to 44 micrograms/mL at the highest dose (50 mg/m2/d). The amount of R24 reaching tumor sites corresponded to the dose administered, and R24 could be detected in tumors as late as 30 days after finishing treatment. Inflammation at tumor sites was observed during treatment. Biopsies of tumors taken before, during, and after treatment revealed that R24 induced deposition of complement components, increased numbers of mast cells with mast cell degranulation, and infiltration of T lymphocytes. These results suggest that treatment with R24 can produce a localized inflammatory response at tumor sites that is capable of producing tumor regression.
Supplementary Figure 2 from The Dendritic Cell–like Functions of IFN-Producing Killer Dendritic Cells Reside in the CD11b<sup>+</sup> Subset and Are Licensed by Tumor Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from The Dendritic Cell–like Functions of IFN-Producing Killer Dendritic Cells Reside in the CD11b&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Subset and Are Licensed by Tumor Cells
Evolving New Strategies for the Medical Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. (2016)

Is a cure for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection possible? Hepatitis C virus infection is now routinely cured medically. There is a growing expectation that new drugs for the management of chronic HBV infection should provide substantial benefit over and above that of current chronic HBV medications, if not be curative. Although the definition of medically induced cure for chronic HBV infection varies, most include sustained off-drug absence of viremia and negativity for other virologic markers. There are currently more than 29 drugs in the pipeline being tested for the management of chronic HBV infection. This article discusses the potential drugs with respect to their possible contributions to achieving medically induced cure.
Potential field focusing and the design of cochlear electrode arrays (2002)

Cochlear implants provide benefit to sensorineural deaf patients. Field models suggest that high-density arrays should be more beneficial than the arrays that are used today. We have begun to develop high-density arrays which can ultimately provide three times the number of electrodes to implant users. Tests of the arrays in vitro and in vivo support the predictions of the models, and suggest that it may be possible to increase the information transfer from the auditory environment to the central nervous system if high-density arrays are used.
No increased inflammatory response in ACI-35 treated Tau.P301L mice. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) IHC did not reveal marked differences in inflammation-related parameters in forebrain of ACI-35 vaccinated Tau.P301L mice, relative to PBS-injected Tau.P301L mice. IHC reaction with the different specific antibodies, specified in the captions, was analyzed by image analysis (details see &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072301#s2" target="_blank"&gt;Methods&lt;/a&gt; section) and presented as mean± SEM. Scale bars: 50 µm. (B) Western blotting for GFAP of total brain homogenates from Tau.P301L mice vaccinated with ACI-35 (n = 34) or injected with PBS (n = 33). Data presented as mean± SEM. (C) ELISPOT analysis of IFN-γ and IL-4 production by T cells isolated from spleens of naive mice or from mice immunized by either ACI-35 or with recombinant protein Tau. Splenocytes were re-stimulated with medium (cells alone), recombinant Tau protein (100 µg/ml) or with the phosphorylated peptide used in the ACI-35 vaccine and with its un-phosphorylated counterpart (1 µg/ml). Results are expressed as the number of foci (spots per million cells) +SD (n = 10 mice). Statistical analysis: two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison test (*** p&lt;0.001).&lt;/p&gt;
Development of an Experimental Facility for Investigating Single-Phase Liquid Flow in Microchannels (2005)

An experimental facility is developed to investigate single-phase liquid heat transfer and pressure drop in a variety of microchannel geometries. The facility is capable of accurately measuring the fluid temperatures, heater surface temperatures, heat transfer rates, and the differential pressure in a test section. A microchannel test section with a silicon substrate is used to demonstrate the capability of the experimental facility. A copper resistor is fabricated on the backside of the silicon to provide heat input. Several other small copper resistors are used with a four point measurement technique to acquire the heater temperature and calculate surface temperatures. A transparent Pyrex cover is bonded to the chip to form the microchannel flow passages. The details of the experimental facility are presented. The experimental facility is intended to support the collection of fundamental data in microchannel flows. It has the capability of optical visualization using a traditional microscope to see dyes and particles. It also has the capability to perform micro-particle image velocimetry in the microchannels to detect the flow field occurring in the microchannel geometries. The experimental uncertainties have been carefully evaluated in selecting the equipment used in the experimental facility. The thermohydraulic performance of microchannels will be studied as a function of channel geometry, heat flux and liquid flow rate. Some preliminary results for a test section, with a channel width of 100 micrometers, a depth of 200 micrometers, and a fin thickness of 40 micrometers are presented.Copyright © 2005 by ASME