gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in the programmed cell death in the rat prostate following castration (1989)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the rapid involution of the rat ventral prostate following castration involves the death of the androgen-dependent epithelial cells present within the gland and that this death is the result of a series of discrete biochemical steps. The degradation of genomic DNA into nucleosomal-sized fragments is an early event in this process and is catalyzed by calcium magnesium-dependent endonuclease activity. The morphologic correlation of the involution process involves a series of structural changes which are collectively referred to as apoptosis. The apoptotic process describes the earliest apparent signs of morphologic change exhibited by the dying cells through their eventual complete destruction and deletion from the tissue. The temporal relationship between these recently described biochemical events and the morphologic changes of the apoptotic process were compared in the present study, in order to test the cause versus effect nature of DNA fragmentation in the programmed death of androgen dependent prostatic cells following castration. These studies demonstrated that the early elevation of the Ca+2 Mg+2-dependent endonuclease activity and the fragmentation of DNA into nucleosomal oligomers occurs within prostatic glandular epithelial cells and probably does not involve the direct participation of extraprostatic cells which may subsequently migrate into the gland. Once the DNA is initially cleaved into the nucleosomal oligomers, the subsequent participation of lysosomal enzymes act in a less restricted fashion to degrade both the nucleosomal DNA as well as the cytoplasmic elements and the cell becomes morphologically apoptotic. As the elevations in Ca+2 Mg+2-dependent endonuclease activity and DNA fragmentation are initiated at a time well before the cell is morphologically dead, as defined by apoptosis, these changes in DNA metabolism must not be the consequences of cell death but instead are early causal events in an active process of programmed cell death.
3D-printed drug testing platform based on a 3D model of aged human skeletal muscle (2020)

Abstract Three-dimensional engineering of skeletal muscle is becoming increasingly relevant for tissue engineering, disease modeling and bio-hybrid robotics, where flexible, versatile and multidisciplinary approaches for the evaluation of tissue differentiation, functionality and force measurement are required. This works presents a 3D-printed platform of bioengineered human skeletal muscle which can efficiently model the three-dimensional structure of native tissue, while providing information about force generation and contraction profiles. Proper differentiation and maturation of myocytes is demonstrated by the expression of key myo-proteins using immunocytochemistry and analyzed by confocal microscopy, and the functionality assessed via electrical stimulation and analysis of contraction kinetics. To validate the flexibility of this platform for complex tissue modelling, the bioengineered muscle is treated with tumor necrosis factor α to mimic the conditions of aging, which is supported by morphological and functional changes. Moreover, as a proof of concept, the effects of Argireline ® Amplified peptide, a cosmetic ingredient that causes muscle relaxation, are evaluated in both healthy and aged tissue models. Therefore, the results demonstrate that this 3D-bioengineered human muscle platform could be used to assess morphological and functional changes in the aging process of muscular tissue with potential applications in biomedicine, cosmetics and bio-hybrid robotics.
Intraoperative Assessment of an Implantable Electrode Array for Cavernous Nerve Stimulation (2008)

Increase in penile circumference. Results. Among 12 men (mean age 60.3 years) enrolled in this study, 6 (50%) demonstrated measurable increases in penile circumference in response to cavernous nerve stimulation. Among these six men, the mean increase was 5.0 mm (range 1.6 mm to 7.0 mm). Temporary surgical placement of the device was done with relative ease, and there was no evidence of injury to the neurovascular bundle. Conclusions. A chronic implantable nerve stimulation system for cavernous nerve stimulation having possible neuromodulatory effects on the recovery of penile erections after radical prostatectomy is feasible.
An ultra-high resolution SEM study of the morphology of electrically switchable volume gratings formed from polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (1994)

Low-voltage, ultra-high resolution SEM (UHR SEM) is becoming a valuable complementary technique to TEM, X-ray diffraction, and the scanning probe microscopies for determining polymer morphology and polymer structure-property relationships. Imaging organic materials at low voltage without significant loss in resolution allows for the visualization of structurally interesting features on the order of 50 - 1000 Å with reduced charging and improved topographic contrast. The easily interpretable nature of the data obtained from this technique and the ease of sample preparation offer advantages over more commonly used polymer morphology characterization techniques. Electrically switchable polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) volume gratings are of considerable interest for applications in diffractive optics. The system presently under investigation is a PDLC diffraction grating formed by a single-step laser induced polymerization of a penta-acrylate monomer, blended with a photoinitiator, crosslinker, and E7 liquid crystal (LC). Upon polymerization, the liquid crystal phase-separates into liquid crystal-rich planes with a periodicity of 0.56 μm.
A DNA Aptamer That Inhibits the Formation of Unliganded Receptor Dimer and Ligand-Independent Signaling in Cancer Cells (2020)

Growth factor receptors are activated through dimerization by the binding of their ligands and play pivotal roles in normal cell function. However, in cancer cells, the overexpression of receptors often causes the formation of unliganded receptor dimers, which can be activated in a ligand-independent manner. Thus, the unliganded receptor dimer is a promising target to inhibit aberrant signaling in cancer. Here, we report an aptamer that inhibits ligand-independent receptor activation via preventing the formation of unliganded receptor dimer. By biasing the receptor monomer–dimer equilibrium to the monomer, this aptamer inhibited aberrant cell signaling caused by the unliganded receptor dimer. This work presents a new possibility of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics for cancer.
Methodology and Design for the Broadcast of GNSS Integrity Information derived from SBAS on Low Bandwidth Data Channels (2009)

The benefits of Spaced Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) in enabling and enhancing the use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for civilian applications are being recognized worldwide. While designed to support aviation, their use has become more ubiquitous. SBAS plays an important role in monitoring the safety and reliability of GNSS. As such, the ability to receive the SBAS broadcast is ever vital to safety-critical users. The broadcast of SBAS information over additional data links would prove beneficial as it improves coverage and redundancy. This paper develops a methodology for designing alternate means of broadcasting SBAS information. It examines the major considerations for enabling the broadcast. The paper focuses on the challenging issue of data rate constrained channels. Many desirable candidates for alternate SBAS broadcast cannot support the full data rate. The paper examines Loran and FM subcarrier as case studies. This paper presents feasible designs for both systems.
Addition of PSMA ADC to enzalutamide therapy significantly improves survival in in vivo model of castration resistant prostate cancer (2015)

Our results clearly indicate that the combination of PSMA ADC+ENZ possesses strong antitumor activity and significantly improves survival over ENZ monotherapy using the LuCaP 96CR PDX model. These results provide a strong rationale for clinical testing of PSMA ADC in combination with ENZ and/or other androgen-directed treatment strategies.
Rate-compatible punctured LDPC codes based on recovery tree (2008)

We consider the challenges of finding good puncturing patterns for rate-compatible LDPC codes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. In previous works, the role of survived check nodes in puncturing patterns was considered with the limitations such as single survived check node assumption and simulation-based verification. In this paper, we analyze the performance according to the role of multiple survived check nodes and multiple dead check nodes. Based on theses analyses, we propose new algorithm to find good puncturing pattern for LDPC codes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
Magnetic functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles surfaces via optically generated methyl radicals (2023)

The combination of nuclear and electron magnetic resonance techniques, in pulse and continuous wave regimes, is used to unravel the nature and features of the light-induced magnetic state arising at the surface of chemically prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) occurring under 120 K when subjected to a sub-bandgap (405 nm) laser excitation. It is shown that the four-line structure observed around g ∼ 2.00 in the as-grown samples (beside the usual core-defect signal at g ∼ 1.96) arises from surface-located methyl radicals (•CH3), originating from the acetate capped ZnO molecules. By functionalizing the as-grown zinc oxide NPs with deuterated sodium acetate, the •CH3 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal is replaced by trideuteromethyl (•CD3). For •CH3, •CD3, and core-defect signals, an electron spin echo is detected below ∼100 K, allowing for the spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation-time measurements for each of them. Advanced pulse-EPR techniques reveal the proton or deuteron spin-echo modulation for both radicals and give access to small unresolved superhyperfine couplings between adjacent •CH3. In addition, electron double resonance techniques show that some correlations exist between the different EPR transitions of •CH3. These correlations are discussed as possibly arising from cross-relaxation phenomena between different rotational states of radicals.
New stochastic post-exposure bake simulation method (2005)

A new method for simulating the post-exposure bake (PEB) of optical lithography is presented and applied to modeling the reaction-diffusion processes in a chemically amplified resist (CAR). The new approach is based on a mesoscopic description of the photoresist, taking into account the discrete nature of resist molecules and inhibitor groups that are attached to the resist polymers, but neglecting molecular details on an atomistic (microscopic) level. As a result, the time- and space-dependent statistical fluctuations of resist particle numbers, the correlations among them, and their effect on the printing result can be accounted for. The less molecules that are present in the volume of interest, the more important these fluctuations and correlations will become. This is the case for more and more shrinking critical dimensions (CD) of the lithographic structures but unchanged molecular sizes of the relevant resist species. In particular, the new PEB simulation method allows us to predict the behavior of statistical defects of the printed lithographic structures, which may strongly contribute to printing features like line edge roughness (LER).
Distance Distributions of End-Labeled Curved Bispeptide Oligomers by Electron Spin Resonance (2008)

We demonstrate the synthesis of a series of spin-labeled curved oligomers to determine their end-to-end lengths and distance distributions using electron spin resonance. We synthesize shape-persistent macromolecules from conformationally restricted, asymmetric monomers that are coupled through pairs of amide bonds to create water-soluble, spiro-ladder oligomers with well-defined three-dimensional structures. We synthesized seven different macromolecules, each containing eight monomers but differing in the sequence to create macromolecules with different curved shapes. The ends of the oligomers were labeled with nitroxide spin probes, and double electron-electron resonance (DEER) electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments were carried out to obtain quantitative information about the shapes and flexibility of the oligomers. The most probable end-to-end distance of the oligomers ranges from 23 to 36 A, a range of length that we previously accessed by assembling rod-like homo-oligomers that contain 4-8 bisamino acid monomers. The relative distances measured for the oligomers confirm that, by varying the sequence of an oligomer, we are able to control its shape. The shapes of the ESR-derived population distributions allow us to compare the degree of shape persistence and flexibility of spiro-ladder oligomers to other well-studied nanoscale molecular structures such as p-phenylethynylenes.
Elevated expression of transglutaminase 1 and keratinization-related proteins in conjunctiva in severe ocular surface disease. (2001)

Various keratinization-related proteins, transglutaminase 1 included, are most likely involved in the pathogenesis of cicatrizing ocular surface diseases.
Necdin mediates skeletal muscle regeneration by promoting myoblast survival and differentiation (2007)

Regeneration of muscle fibers that are lost during pathological muscle degeneration or after injuries is sustained by the production of new myofibers. An important cell type involved in muscle regeneration is the satellite cell. Necdin is a protein expressed in satellite cell-derived myogenic precursors during perinatal growth. However, its function in myogenesis is not known. We compare transgenic mice that overexpress necdin in skeletal muscle with both wild-type and necdin null mice. After muscle injury the necdin null mice show a considerable defect in muscle healing, whereas mice that overexpress necdin show a substantial increase in myofiber regeneration. We also find that in muscle, necdin increases myogenin expression, accelerates differentiation, and counteracts myoblast apoptosis. Collectively, these data clarify the function and mechanism of necdin in skeletal muscle and show the importance of necdin in muscle regeneration.
Crystal structure at 1.0 Å resolution of human p56lckSH2 domain in complex with a short phosphotyrosyl peptide (1996)

C-87 the chances of success in "bootstrapping" from an unpromising molecular replacement starting point to a complete structure.
RGB luminescence from passive-matrix organic LED'S (1997)

We fabricated an 8/spl times/9 (3RGB) passive matrix of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED's) and operated it at a video-rate to simulate NTSC signals. The color purity of red emission was improved by controlling the depth distribution of DCM in the Alq/sub 3/ layer. A newly synthesized binuclear metal complex compound was incorporated for blue emission and provided good chromaticity. We found that the rectification property of the OLED is important to drive a passive matrix and about 10/sup 5/ OLED pixels can be driven when aluminum is used as the cathode material.
Structural Variation along Thickness Direction of Extra-low Carbon Sheet Steels Rolled in Ferrite Region (1997)

The application of an EBSD technique in an SEM reveals a new approach to analyze a structural variation along the thickness direction of extra-low carbon sheet steels rolled in the ferrite region. The fine recrystallized grains in the sheet steel rolled without lubrication are observed near the surface due to a strong additional shear strain between a material and a roll, and those grains are considered to recrystallize dynamically by means of image-quality imaging with EBSD. The nonuniform recrystallization texture through the thickness are formed in the sheet steel rolled without lubrication by means of orientation imaging with EBSD, <110>//ND recrystallized grains being formed near surface, <111> //ND and <100>//ND recrystallized grains being formed at the mid plane. On the other hand, <110>//ND recrystallized grains are not formed preferentially near surface and <111>//ND and <100> //ND recrystallized grains are formed uniformly throughout the thickness in the sheet steel rolled with lubrication. The orientation imaging also reveals the tolerance of <110>//ND recrystallized grains around <110> //ND axis in the sheet steel rolled without lubrication, resulting in the <110>//ND grains with small tolerance being formed at the 1/10 plane from surface and the <110> // ND grains with larger tolerance being formed at the thickness location toward the surface and center from 1/10 plane. The image-quality imaging and orientation imaging allow a more visual and intuitive understanding of the nonuniformity of a microstructure and texture formation in the sheet steel rolled without lubrication than conventional method such as optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements.
Multi-well sample plate cover penetration system (2023)

An apparatus for penetrating a cover over a multi-well sample plate containing at least one individual sample well includes a cutting head, a cutter extending from the cutting head, and a robot. The cutting head is connected to the robot wherein the robot moves the cutting head and cutter so that the cutter penetrates the cover over the multi-well sample plate providing access to the individual sample well. When the cutting head is moved downward the foil is pierced by the cutter that splits, opens, and folds the foil inward toward the well. The well is then open for sample aspiration but has been protected from cross contamination.
Fusion of Kinect depth data with trifocal disparity estimation for near real-time high quality depth maps generation (2014)

Generating depth maps along with video streams is valuable for Cinema and Television production. Thanks to the improvements of depth acquisition systems, the challenge of fusion between depth sensing and disparity estimation is widely investigated in computer vision. This paper presents a new framework for generating depth maps from a rig made of a professional camera with two satellite cameras and a Kinect device. A new disparity-based calibration method is proposed so that registered Kinect depth samples become perfectly consistent with disparities estimated between rectified views. Also, a new hierarchical fusion approach is proposed for combining on the flow depth sensing and disparity estimation in order to circumvent their respective weaknesses. Depth is determined by minimizing a global energy criterion that takes into account the matching reliability and the consistency with the Kinect input. Thus generated depth maps are relevant both in uniform and textured areas, without holes due to occlusions or structured light shadows. Our GPU implementation reaches 20fps for generating quarter-pel accurate HD720p depth maps along with main view, which is close to real-time performances for video applications. The estimated depth is high quality and suitable for 3D reconstruction or virtual view synthesis.
An Area-Efficient High-Resolution Segmented ΣΔ-DAC for Built-In Self-Test Applications (2021)

Sigma–delta ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma \Delta$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) digital-to-analog converters (DACs) are commonly used to realize programmable dc voltage generators in built-in self-test (BIST) schemes, largely on account of their high linearity. Unfortunately, such <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma \Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> -DACs require large amounts of digital memory and a reconstruction filter with a large silicon area footprint. In this article, a segmented DAC architecture is proposed. The proposed architecture is realized using two sub-DACs, where both are <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma \Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> -based. This DAC provides two advantages: filter footprint size reduction and memory savings, thereby allowing for a simpler BIST solution. The benefits of using the segmented <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma \Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> -DAC are shown using two experimental prototypes. The first is an IC prototype design using the TSMC 65-nm CMOS technology. It will be shown that the IC achieves 12 bits of resolution from 1020 memory elements, whereas an unsegmented <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma \Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> -DAC uses 4095 elements to obtain the same resolution. This is about a 75% savings in memory elements. The segmented prototype occupies 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area, whereas the unsegmented design occupies 0.77 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the same resolution. A 35% silicon area savings compared with its unsegmented counterpart. A second prototype implements the segmented <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma \Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> -DAC architecture using discrete components. The discrete prototype achieves 16 bits of resolution from 1020 memory elements, whereas the unsegmented counterpart uses 65 535 bits for the same resolution. This is a 98% saving in memory elements.
Training program for the metric specification of imaging sensors (2022)

Measurement systems in industrial practice are becoming increasingly complex and the system-technical integration levels are increasing. Nevertheless, the functionalities can in principle always be traced back to proven basic functions and basic technologies, which should, however, be understood and developed. For this very reason, the teaching of elementary basics in engineering education is unavoidable. The present paper presents a concept to implement a contemporary training program within the practical engineering education on university level in the special subject area of optical coordinate measuring technology. The students learn to deal with the subject area in a fundamentally oriented way and to understand the system-technical integration in detail from the basic idea to the actual solution, which represents the common practice in the industrial environment. The training program is designed in such a way that the basics have to be worked out at the beginning, gaps in knowledge are closed by the aspect of group work and the targeted intervention of a supervisor. After the technology has been fully developed theoretically, the system is put into operation and applied with regard to a characterizing measurement. The measurement data are then evaluated using standardized procedures. A special part of the training program, which is to promote the own creativity and the comprehensible understanding, represents the evaluation of the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system by a self-developed algorithmic program section in the script-oriented development environment MALTAB, whereby students can supportively fall back on predefined functions for the evaluation, whose implementation however still must be accomplished.