gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elf-1 regulates basal expression from the T cell antigen receptor zeta-chain gene promoter. (1998)

In mature T cells, limited synthesis of the TCR-zeta subunit is primarily responsible for regulating surface expression of TCRs. Transcription of zeta is directed by a complex promoter that includes two potential binding sites for the Ets family of transcription factors at -52 (zEBS1) and -135 (zEBS2). Mutation of these two sites results in a marked reduction of transcription from this promoter. Using electrophoretic mobility shift analysis, Elf-1 was demonstrated to be the Ets family member that binds to these sites. One site, zEBS1, matches the optimal Elf-1 consensus sequence in eight of nine bases, making it the best match of any known mammalian Elf-1 binding site. A role for Elf-1 in TCR-zeta trans-activation was confirmed by ectopic expression of Elf-1 in COS-7 cells. This resulted in an increase in TCR-zeta promoter activity that mapped to zEBS1 and zEBS2. Additional support for the involvement of Elf-1 in TCR-zeta trans-activation derives from the finding that a GAL4-Elf-1 fusion protein trans-activated TCR-zeta promoter constructs that had been modified to contain GAL4 DNA binding sites. These results demonstrate that Elf-1 plays an essential role in the trans-activation of a constitutively expressed T cell-specific gene, and that trans-activation occurs in the context of the native promoter in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. Taken together with the existing literature, these data also suggest that the requirement for inducible factors in Elf-1-mediated trans-activation may decrease as the affinity and number of Elf-1 sites increase.
Checkpointing and rollback recovery in a distributed system using common time base (2003)

An approach to checkpointing and rollback recovery in a distributed computing system using a common time base is proposed. First, a common time base is established in the system using a hardware clock synchronization algorithm. This common time base is coupled with a pseudorecovery block approach to develop a checkpointing algorithm that has the following advantages: (i) maximum process autonomy, (ii) no wait for commitment for establishing recovery lines, (iii) fewer messages to be exchanged, and (iv) less memory requirement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Beam Transport and RF Control (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Beam Transport Electron Beam Dumps Control of RF Output Evolution of the Smart Tube Concept Summary Acknowledgments This chapter contains sections titled: References ]]>
Impact of Electronic-Alerting of Acute Kidney Injury: Workgroup Statements from the 15th ADQI Consensus Conference (2016)

Purpose of the review: Among hospitalized patients, acute kidney injury is common and associated with significant morbidity and risk for mortality. The use of electronic health records (EHR) for prediction and detection of this important clinical syndrome has grown in the past decade. The steering committee of the 15 th Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) conference dedicated a workgroup with the task of identifying elements that may impact the course of events following Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) e-alert. Sources of information: Following an extensive, non-systematic literature search, we used a modified Delphi process to reach consensus regarding several aspects of the utilization of AKI e-alerts. Findings: Topics discussed in this workgroup included progress in evidence base practices, the characteristics of an optimal e-alert, the measures of efficacy and effectiveness, and finally what responses would be considered best practices following AKI e-alerts. Authors concluded that the current evidence for e-alert system efficacy, although growing, remains insufficient. Technology and human-related factors were found to be crucial elements of any future investigation or implementation of such tools. The group also concluded that implementation of such systems should not be done without a vigorous plan to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of e-alerts. Efficacy and effectiveness of e-alerts should be measured by context-specific process and patient outcomes. Finally, the group made several suggestions regarding the clinical decision support that should be considered following successful e-alert implementation. Limitations: This paper reflects the findings of a non-systematic review and expert opinion. Implications: We recommend implementation of the findings of this workgroup report for use of AKI e-alerts.
Novel detection methods for radiation-induced electron-hole pairs. (2010)

Most common ionizing radiation detectors typically rely on one of two general methods: collection of charge generated by the radiation, or collection of light produced by recombination of excited species. Substantial efforts have been made to improve the performance of materials used in these types of detectors, e.g. to raise the operating temperature, to improve the energy resolution, timing or tracking ability. However, regardless of the material used, all these detectors are limited in performance by statistical variation in the collection efficiency, for charge or photons. We examine three alternative schemes for detecting ionizing radiation that do not rely on traditional direct collection of the carriers or photons produced by the radiation. The first method detects refractive index changes in a resonator structure. The second looks at alternative means to sense the chemical changes caused by radiation on a scintillator-type material. The final method examines the possibilities of sensing the perturbation caused by radiation on the transmission of a RF transmission line structure. Aspects of the feasibility of each approach are examined and recommendations made for further work.
Novel Coupling Reaction of Terminal Acetylenes with a Coordinated Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2 Ligand Involving C−H Activation of the −CH2CH2− Chain (1997)

RuTp(κ2(P,N)-Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2)Cl (1) reacts with HC⋮CR (R = COOEt, Ph, CH2Ph) to afford the novel coupling products RuTp(Cl)(κ3(P,C,C)-Ph2PCHCHC(R)CH2) (R = COOEt, Ph, CH2Ph) (2−4) in high yields. This reaction involves C−H activation of the −(CH2)2− chain with concomitant C−N bond cleavage and liberation of HNMe2. 2 has been characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Kinematics and Dynamics of Motion Control Based on Acceleration Control (2007)

The first IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control was held in 1990 pointed out the importance of physical interpretation of motion control. The software servoing technology is now common in machine tools, robotics, and mechatronics. It has been intensively developed for the numerical control (NC) machines. Recently, motion control in unknown environment will be more and more important. Conventional motion control is not always suitable due to the lack of adaptive capability to the environment. A more sophisticated ability in motion control is necessary for compliant contact with environment. Acceleration control is the key technology of motion control in unknown environment. The acceleration control can make a motion system to be a zero control stiffness system without losing the robustness. Furthermore, a realization of multi-degree-of-freedom motion is necessary for future human assistance. A human assistant motion will require various control stiffness corresponding to the task. The review paper focuses on the modal coordinate system to integrate the various control stiffness in the virtual axes. A bilateral teleoperation is a good candidate to consider the future human assistant motion and integration of decentralized systems. Thus the paper reviews and discusses the bilateral teleoperation from the control stiffness and the modal control design points of view.
Insulin release, insulin sensitivity, and glucose intolerance. (1980)

Groups of subjects with different degrees of glucose intolerance were examined in order to determine, first, the capacity of the beta cells to release insulin upon glucose stimulation and, second, sensitivity to insulin. The groups were selected on the basis of fasting blood glucose value and tolerances to oral and intravenous glucose administration. The body weights, ages, and sexes of the subjects were well matched with those of control subjects with normal tolerances to oral and intravenous glucose administration. Computer analysis of the glucose and insulin curves during a standardized glucose infusion test made possible the measurement of the initiatory (parameters KI and IP) and potentiatory (parameter KP) effects of glucose on insulin release and of the sensitivity to endogenous insulin (parameter KG). In subjects with impaired oral but normal intravenous glucose tolerance tests, KG was decreased, KP was increased, and KI and IP were normal. However, in these subjects, KI and IP were considerably lower than in a matched group of control subjects with the same decrease in KG but with normal oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tets. In subjects in which both oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were impaired and in subjects with mild manifest diabetes, KI, IP, and KG were decreased whereas KP was normal. These data suggest that all stages of glucose intolerance are accompanied by a decreased ability of glucose to initiate insulin release and by decreased sensitivity to insulin. These derangements seem to be partially compensated for by enhancement of the capacity of glucose to potentiate insulin release in subjects with decreased oral but normal intravenous glucose tolerance tests.
On the design of highly dispersive photonic crystal waveguides for optical delay lines (2010)

We present a design methodology for optimized highly dispersive photonic crystal waveguide delay lines. The results indicate that higher group-indices lower the total propagation loss as long as perturbative backscattering is the dominant loss mechanism.
Abstract 156: Embolization Followed by Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) (2014)

Purpose: Multimodality therapy of brain AVMs with embolization followed by radiosurgery is controversial. We present the largest case series to date of AVM patients treated with embolization and radiosurgery. Methods: Retrospective review of our institutional AVM database identified 92 patients treated from 1995-2009 with embolization followed by radiosurgery. Patients treated with surgery or radiosurgery prior to embolization were excluded. Pre- and post-embolization AVM volumes were calculated using angiography. The modified Pollock-Flickinger (PF) score was also calculated pre and post-embolization. PF scores from pre-embolization volumes were used to report obliteration rates. Post-radiosurgical obliteration was assessed using angiography or MRI. Results: Mean AVM volume went from 19.95 ml (IQR, 10.3 - 32.75) to 10.17 (3.15 - 20.65) following embolization (p&lt;0.001) and mean PF scores decreased from 2.78 (1.77-3.94) to 1.83 (1.07 - 2.79), p&lt;0.001. 2/92 (2.2 %) had new fixed deficits following embolization, however no patient had new disabling deficits (mRS&gt;2). 61/92 (66%) have had ≥3 year follow-up and 35/61 (57%) had excellent outcomes (complete obliteration without neurologic decline). Excellent outcome was seen in 88% of patients with modified PF score &lt;1, 67% of patients with score 1-1.5, 44% patients with score 1.5-2, and 48% of patients with score &gt;2. In addition 16 patients had complete obliteration with further treatment (total 51/61 patients- 84%). Two patients died in the follow-up period due to AVM bleed. Conclusion: These data suggest that embolization of brain AVMs can safely and effectively reduce the treatment volume prior to radiosurgery. Combined therapy with embolization and radiosurgery does not adversely affect rates of excellent outcome.
Dynamic range of safe electrical stimulation of the retina (2006)

Electronic retinal prostheses represent a potentially effective approach for restoring some degree of sight in blind patients with retinal degeneration. However, levels of safe electrical stimulation and the underlying mechanisms of cellular damage are largely unknown. We measured the threshold of cellular damage as a function of pulse duration, electrode size, and number of pulses to determine the safe range of stimulation. Measurements were performed in-vitro on embryonic chicken retina with saline-filled glass pipettes for stimulation electrodes. Cellular damage was detected using Propidium Iodide fluorescent staining. Electrode size varied from 115&mu;m to 1mm, pulse duration from 6&#956;s to 6ms, and number of pulses from 1 to 7,500. The threshold current density was independent of electrode sizes exceeding 400&mu;m. With smaller electrodes the current density was scaling reciprocal to the square of the pipette diameter, i.e. acting as a point source so that the damage threshold was determined by the total current in this regime. The damage threshold current measured with large electrodes (1mm) scaled with pulse duration as t<sup>-0.5</sup>, which is characteristic of electroporation. For repeated electrical pulsed exposure on the retina the threshold current density varied between 0.059 A/cm2 at 6ms to 1.3 A/cm2 at 6&mu;s. The dynamic range of safe stimulation, i.e. the ratio of damage threshold to stimulation threshold was found to be duration-dependent, and varied from 10 to 100 at pulse durations varying between 10&mu;s to 10ms. Maximal dynamic range of 100 was observed near 1ms pulse durations.
Characteristic Microstructure Evolution of Polycrystalline Ag Films Prepared from Ink-Jetted Ag Nanoparticle Suspension (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Three Dimensional PIC Simulations of the Transparent and Eggbeater Cathodes in the Michigan Relativistic Magnetron (2006)

A novel relativistic magnetron priming technique consisting of either a main center cathode and several satellite cathodes (eggbeater design) or just the satellite cathodes (transparent cathode design [Fuks and Schamilogru, 2005]) is investigated using the three-dimensional electromagnetic, particle in cell code ICEPIC. Both these cathode designs rely on RF field penetration into the cathode region to enhance performance. This priming technique is thought to allow for larger amplitudes of the synchronous E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">thetas</sub> field in the electron hub region which in turn hastens the capture of electrons into spokes. This technique effectively eliminates mode competition with the Pi mode amplitude dominating the other modes by at least a factor of 25
Data from Effects of Adjuvant Sorafenib and Sunitinib on Cardiac Function in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients without Overt Metastases: Results from ASSURE, ECOG 2805 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Sunitinib and sorafenib are used widely in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These agents are associated with a significant incidence of cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) declines, observed largely in the metastatic setting. However, in the adjuvant population, the CV effects of these agents remain unknown. We prospectively defined the incidence of cardiotoxicity among resected, high-risk RCC patients treated with these agents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Sunitinib, sorafenib, or placebo was administered for up to 12 months in patients with high-risk, resected RCC. LVEF was measured by multigated acquisition (MUGA) scans at standard intervals. Additional CV adverse events were reported according to NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Among 1,943 patients randomized, 1,599 had at least 1 post-baseline MUGA. Within 6 months, 21 patients (1.3%) experienced a cardiac event, defined as an LVEF decline from baseline that was &gt;15% and below the institutional lower limit of normal. Nine of 513 patients (1.8%) were on sunitinib, 7 of 508 (1.4%) on sorafenib, and 5 of 578 (0.9%) on placebo (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.28 and 0.56 comparing sunitinib and sorafenib to placebo, respectively). With dose interruption or adjustment, 16 of the 21 recovered their LVEF to &gt;50%. The incidence of symptomatic heart failure, arrhythmia, or myocardial ischemia did not differ among groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; In the adjuvant setting, we prospectively define low incidence of cardiotoxicity with sunitinib and sorafenib. These findings may be related to close CV monitoring, or potentially to fewer CV comorbidities in our nonmetastatic population. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(18); 4048–54. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Fabrication and characterization of metal-oxide-semiconductor GaAs capacitors on Ge∕Si1−xGex∕Si substrates with Al2O3 gate dielectric (2008)

In this article, we have studied fabrication and characterization of GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with Al2O3 gate dielectric. 300nm thick GaAs layers were grown epitaxially on Ge∕Si1−xGex∕Si substrates. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed a threading dislocation density of ∼107∕cm2 in the GaAs layer. In addition, it was observed that threading dislocations were mainly confined within the first ∼50nm of the GaAs layer, adjacent to the Ge film. Interfacial self-cleaning attribute of GaAs upon atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. However, the Al2O3∕GaAs interface properties were remarkably improved by GaAs native removal in dilute HF (1%) followed by sulfur treatment in (NH4)2S, substantiated by probing electrical characteristics of the MOS capacitors and cross-sectional TEM analysis. Thermodynamic properties of Al2O3/sulfide-treated GaAs interface was also studied by monitoring the C-V characteristics of GaAs MOS capacitors implying excellent thermal stability of the Al2O3∕GaAs interface.
ECM stiffness modulates aVb3 integrin-directed gene expression of ECM-proteins (2014)

The regulation of fluid (water) volume in the body is crucial for tissue homeostasis. The interstitial fluid, which comprises almost 20% of the body fluid, is stored in the loose connective tissue and its volume is actively regulated by components of this tissue. The loose connective tissue provides a path for fluid flow from capillaries to the tissue and lymphatics. This fluid is partially stored in the interstitium and the remainder is directed to the lymphatics. The fibroblasts in the loose connective tissue actively compact the fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) through mechanotransduction via integrins. This in turn, maintains the interstitial fluid pressure and keeps the ground substance underhydrated. The interstitial fluid pressure is part of the forces that regulate the efflux of fluid from capillaries and keep the ground substance underhydrated. The underhydrated ground substance has a potential to take up fluid 3-fold the plasma volume. Therefore, the active contraction of the ECM via fibroblasts is crucial to prevent the risk of evacuation of fluid from capillaries. During pathologies, such as inflammation and carcinogenesis, the interstitial fluid pressure and hence the interstitial fluid volume is altered.The results presented in this thesis show that the signaling events downstream of αVβ3 integrin, collagen-binding β1 integrins, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, that induce cell-mediated matrix contraction, included paired function of PI3K and PLCγ, cofilin activation, actin turnover, and generation of actomyosin forces. Furthermore, the results highlight new potential roles for fibrin and αVβ3 integrins, for instance during clearance of edema. Notably, fibrin extravasation at inflammatory sites induced αVβ3 integrin-dependent matrix contraction, leading to normalization of the altered interstitial fluid volume. It also reprograms the expression of ECM-related genes and hence induces ECM turnover. Taken together, these results provide further insight into the regulatory mechanism through which the loose connective tissue actively regulates the interstitial fluid volume.
A novel conducting bridge resistive memory using a semiconducting dynamic E-field moderating layer (2013)

Conducting bridge resistive memory switches by forming and disrupting a thin conducting filament, but this causes high E-field in the insulator just before the filament is completed (or begins to disrupt). This paper addresses, for the first time, degradation caused by this high E-field and a novel solution is proposed. A p-type CuOx semiconductor layer is added as an E-field moderator that dynamically reduces the E-field. Without the proposed moderator the E-field becomes > 10MV/cm when the gap between the conduction filament and the top electrode becomes <; 1nm. The insulator in this gap remains conductive from the defects generated from the high E-field and this leakage reduces the resistance window. The proposed E-field moderating CuOx layer at the Cu-GST/SiO2 interface not only eliminates this issue but also serves as a Cu back-diffusion barrier, both greatly improve the device performance.
Accuracy in positioning of handheld instruments (2002)

Microsurgery with handheld instruments requires accurate positioning. The attainable degree of accuracy depends on the amplitude of the components of error, from whatever source, in hand motion. Here, the authors quantify attainable accuracy in positioning of handheld instruments over a 1 min time span. No prefiltering of measured data is used. The average error standard deviation norm is found to be 0.34 mm with the forearm supported, and 0.19 mm with the hand supported. In both cases, a substantial amount of error is detected at frequencies lower than the range typically attributed to physiological tremor.