gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subliminal Probing for Private Information via EEG-Based BCI Devices (2013)

Martinovic et al. proposed a Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) -based attack in which an adversary is able to infer private information about a user, such as their bank or area-of-living, by analyzing the user's brain activities. However, a key limitation of the above attack is that it is intrusive, requiring user cooperation, and is thus easily detectable and can be reported to other users. In this paper, we identify and analyze a more serious threat for users of BCI devices. We propose a it subliminal attack in which the victim is attacked at the levels below his cognitive perception. Our attack involves exposing the victim to visual stimuli for a duration of 13.3 milliseconds -- a duration usually not sufficient for conscious perception. The attacker analyzes subliminal brain activity in response to these short visual stimuli to infer private information about the user. If carried out carefully, for example by hiding the visual stimuli within screen content that the user expects to see, the attack may remain undetected. As a consequence, the attacker can scale it to many victims and expose them to the attack for a long time. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of our subliminal attack via a proof-of-concept study carried out with 27 subjects. We conducted experiments on users wearing Electroencephalography-based BCI devices, and used portrait pictures of people as visual stimuli which were embedded within the background of an innocuous video for a time duration not exceeding 13.3 milliseconds. Our experimental results show that it is feasible for an attacker to learn relevant private information about the user, such as whether the user knows the identity of the person for which the attacker is probing.
Wave scattering from encapsulated microbubbles subject to high-frequency ultrasound: Contribution of higher-order scattering modes (2009)

The theoretical understanding of encapsulated microbubble response to high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) excitation is still limited although some novel experimental HFUS contrast imaging techniques have been well developed. In this paper, the higher-order modal (HOM) contributions to the scattered field are studied for such microbubbles driven by 1-100 MHz ultrasound. An exact solution of all small-amplitude vibrational modes of a single encapsulated microbubble in water is given by the wave scattering theory (WST) method and compared to results obtained from Church's Rayleigh-Plesset-like model for the small-amplitude radial oscillation of a microbubble in an incompressible fluid. From numerical results, we show that the HOM field contribution is significant for scattering properties from individual Nycomed microbubbles with normalized frequency > or = 0.2. It is also shown that the multiple scattering is strengthened for monodispersed Definity microbubbles of 3 microm radius at frequencies >40 MHz. However, comparisons between the authors' analyses and known experimental data for polydispersed Definity microbubbles indicate that the HOM contributions are insignificant in attenuation estimation at frequencies <50 MHz. In conclusion, the WST model analysis suggests that HOM scattering is an important consideration for single bubbles but may be less critical in the modeling of polydispersed Definity bubbles at high frequencies.
Advances in Discovering Deubiquitinating Enzyme (DUB) Inhibitors (2019)

Deubiquitinating enzymes, or DUBs, comprise a family of proteases that regulate ubiquitination dynamics. Since their discovery, genetic and functional studies have nominated DUBs as a promising class for drug discovery across diverse therapeutic areas. Consequent probe and drug discovery efforts over the past 15 years have resulted in over 50 reported inhibitors and advances in DUB structural studies, assay formats, and chemical biology tools. Accumulating knowledge from these studies has enabled several important recent breakthroughs. In this review, we highlight recent successes in solving DUB-ligand co-structures and the development of rigorously characterized potent and selective inhibitors. We posit that these advances in pharmacological targeting of DUBs establish the enzyme family as targetable and provide a framework for other DUBs programs. Accordingly, we envision increasingly rapid progress in the development of potent and selective inhibitors for a wide range of DUBs and advancement of DUB-targeting drugs to the clinic.
Measurement of conservative and dissipative tip-sample interaction forces with a dynamic force microscope using the frequency modulation technique (2001)

The measurement principle of dynamic-force microscopy using the frequency-modulation (FM) detection scheme is investigated by analytical as well as numerical approaches. As the detection method is based on the properties of a self-driven oscillator, we discuss the main differences from an externally driven oscillator. We then derive an analytical expression, which clarifies how the measured quantities of the FM technique, the frequency shift, and the gain factor (or ``excitation amplitude'') are influenced by the time (``phase'') shift. Introducing a very general tip-sample force law, we show that the frequency shift is determined by the mean tip-sample force whereas the gain factor is directly related to dissipative processes like hysteresis or viscous damping.
Doping of germanium nanowires grown in presence of PH3 (2006)

The authors study the Au-catalyzed chemical vapor growth of germanium (Ge) nanowires in the presence of phosphine (PH3), used as a dopant precursor. The device characteristics of the ensuing nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) indicate n-type, highly doped nanowires. Using a combination of different nanowire growth sequences and their FET characteristics, the authors determine that phosphorus incorporates predominately via the conformal growth, which accompanies the acicular, nanowire growth. As such, the Ge nanowires grown in the presence of PH3 contain a phosphorus doped shell and an undoped core. The authors determine the doping level in the shell to be ≃(1−4)×1019cm−3.
Microvascular and inflammatory responses to hypercholesterolemia Friday, may 19, broadway ballroom north, 10:30 am to 11:30 am. theme i: hypertension and atherosclerosis (2000)

While the inflammatory manifestations of hypercholesterolemia (Hch) are generally assumed to occur exclusively in major arterial vessels, recent studies suggest that the inflammatory cell-mediated pathology may also extend to the arterial and venous segments of the microcirculation. Hch is known to result in an impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of arterioles and to produce responses in capillaries and venules that are characteristic of an acute inflammatory response, including leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and increased vascular permeability and capillary fluid filtration. The accompanying oxidant stress appears to initiate the recruitment of inflammatory cells in postcapillary venules. These inflammatory cells appear to amplify the microvascular alterations of Hch by releasing cytokines and lipid mediators. An important consequence of these microvascular and inflammatory responses to Hch is a greater vulnerability of tissues to the deleterious effects of ischemia and reperfusion.
Synchronisation Adaptative Utilisant un Modèle Prédictif : Applications à l'Imagerie Cardiaque par Résonance Magnétique en Sang Noir et en Systole (2008)

L'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) du coeur reste difficile. Les solutions retenues dans la pratique clinique pour limiter les problèmes liées aux mouvements sont l'apnée et la synchronisation cardiaque. En imagerie cardiaque, la séquence Double Inversion Récupération Fast Spin Echo (DIR- FSE) est couramment utilisée [1]. Cependant, cette séquence, synchronisée avec l'activité cardiaque, nécessite un temps de préparation long (TI) ce qui contraint le temps entre l'onde R et l'acquisition (TD) à être long. Par conséquent, cette séquence n'est utilisée qu'en diastole. De plus, les variations de rythme cardiaque instantané (temps entre 2 ondes R consécutives) ne sont pas prises en compte (Figure 1-A et 1-B). Afin de passer outre ces limitations, nous désirons mettre en oeuvre une technique adaptative pour utiliser les séquences DIR- FSE en systole (volume cardiaque minimum et constant). Ceci a deux buts : 1. étudier et diagnostiquer certaines maladies en systole et 2. étudier les propriétés magnétiques du coeur en systole et diastole
Organic Diode Rectifiers Based on a High‐Performance Conjugated Polymer for a Near‐Field Energy‐Harvesting Circuit (2017)

Organic diodes manufactured on a plastic substrate capable of rectifying a high-frequency radio-frequency identification signal (13.56 MHz), with sufficient power to operate an interactive smart tag, are reported. A high-performance conjugated semiconductor (an indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole copolymer) is combined with a carefully optimized architecture to satisfy the electrical requirements for an organic-semiconductor-based logic chip.
DNA Microarrays Reveal Relationship of Ewing Family Tumors to Both Endothelial and Fetal Neural Crest-Derived Cells and Define Novel Targets (2004)

Ewing family tumors (EFTs) are small round blue cell tumors that show features of neuroectodermal differentiation. However, the histogenetic origin of EFTs is still a matter of debate. We used high-density DNA microarrays for the identification of EFT-specific gene expression profiles in comparison with normal tissues of diverse origin. We identified 37 genes that are up-regulated in EFTs compared with normal tissues and validated expression of these genes in EFTs by both conventional and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression pattern of EFT-associated genes in normal tissues indicated a high similarity between EFTs and fetal and neuronal as well as endothelial tissues and supports the concept that a primitive neural crest-derived progenitor at the transition to mesenchymal and endothelial differentiation is transformed in EFTs. EFT-associated genes could be used for molecular discrimination between EFTs and other small round blue cell tumors and clearly identified a cell line (SK-N-MC) that was initially established as neuroblastoma as being an EFT. Ectopic expression of the EFT-specific EWS-FLI1 fusion protein in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells was not sufficient to induce the complete EFT-specific gene expression signature, suggesting that the EFT-specific gene expression profile is not just a consequence of EWS-FLI1 expression but depends on the histogenetic background of the EFT stem cell.
Modeling of Transport Mechanisms in the Respiratory System: Validation via Congestive Heart Failure Patients (2019)

The heart and lungs are intricately related. For congestive heart failure patients, fluid (plasma) backs up into the pulmonary system. As a result, pulmonary capillary pressure increases, causing fluid to seep into the lungs (pulmonary edema) within minutes. This excess fluid induces extra stress during breathing that affects respiratory health. In this paper, we focus on the effect that high pulmonary capillary pressure has on the development of this extravascular lung water (EVLW). A mathematical model of pulmonary fluid and mass transport mechanisms is developed in order to quantitatively analyze the transport phenomena in the pulmonary system. The model is then validated on 15 male heart failure patients from published literature [1]. The model shows reasonable estimation of EVLW in heart failure patients, which is useful in assessing the severity of pulmonary edema.
Human CD4+ Memory T Cells Can Become CD4+IL-9+ T Cells (2010)

Taken together these data show both the differences and similarities between mouse and human CD4(+)IL9(+) T cells and reaffirm the powerful influence of inflammatory cytokines to shape the response of activated CD4(+) T cells to antigen.
Distributed Recommendation Inference on FPGA Clusters (2021)

Deep neural networks are widely used in personalized recommendation systems. Such models involve two major components: the memory-bound embedding layer and the computation-bound fully-connected layers. Existing solutions are either slow on both stages or only optimize one of them. To implement recommendation inference efficiently in the context of a real deployment, we design and implement an FPGA cluster optimizing the performance of both stages. To remove the memory bottleneck, we take advantage of the High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) available on the latest FPGAs for highly concurrent embedding table lookups. To match the required DNN computation throughput, we partition the workload across multiple FPGAs interconnected via a 100 Gbps TCP/IP network. Compared to an optimized CPU baseline (16 vCPU, AVX2-enabled) and a one-node FPGA implementation, our system (four-node version) achieves 28.95× and 7.68× speedup in terms of throughput respectively. The proposed system also guarantees a latency of tens of microseconds per single inference, significantly better than CPU and GPU-based systems which take at least milliseconds.
CLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (1983)

Duke University, Durham North Carolina, and The University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Reconfigurable platform for software/hardware co-design of SDR base band pre-processing module (2006)

This paper proposes a reconfigurable platform for software/hardware co-design of base band pre-processing module of wideband wireless transceivers. The platform uses the Digital Signal Processors (DSP) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to run advanced digital signal processing algorithms intended for the performance optimization of the transceiver radiofrequency front-end. Having the possibility to generate a variety of modulation techniques at high sampling rates and wide bandwidth up to 60MHz, the proposed platform is suitable for implementing innovative software defined radio transceivers' base band modules including digital pre-processing algorithms to boost the transceivers performances. An implementation and validation approach is also proposed. Taking advantage from the communication protocol between the DSP and the FPGA, the validation is done using the DSP it self for acquiring digital data at the output of each hardware function. A comparison of the emulation results to the high-level simulation ones is used to validate the hardware implementation and debug eventual bugs.
SOLVING PROBLEMS WITH ACROSTICS: MANILIUS DATES GERMANICUS (2013)

The dating of Manilius' Astronomica and of the Aratea attributed to Germanicus are both long-standing problems of Latin scholarship. The large number of significant correspondences between the two poems suggests a considerable degree of imitation and allusion one way or the other, but it is widely agreed that the internal evidence of the poems can shed no light on the direction of the influence. I would like to present a new observation, however, suggesting that the Aratea was already available to Manilius in some form by the time he came to compose his first book.
A unique regulatory phase of DNA methylation in the early mammalian embryo (2012)

Summary DNA methylation is highly dynamic during mammalian embryogenesis. It is broadly accepted that the paternal genome is actively depleted of 5-methyl cytosine at fertilization, followed by passive loss that reaches a minimum at the blastocyst stage. However, this model is based on limited data, and to date no base-resolution maps exist to support and refine it. Here, we generated genome-scale DNA methylation maps in mouse gametes and through post-implantation embryogenesis. We find that the oocyte already exhibits global hypomethylation, most prominently at specific families of long interspersed element-1 and long terminal repeat retro-elements, which are disparate between gametes and resolve to lower methylation values in zygote. Surprisingly, the oocyte contributes a unique set of Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs), including many CpG Island promoter regions, that are maintained in the early embryo but are lost upon specification and absent from somatic cells. In contrast, sperm-contributed DMRs are largely intergenic and resolve to hypermethylation after the blastocyst stage. Our data provide a complete genome-scale, base-resolution timeline of DNA methylation in the pre-specified embryo, when this epigenetic modification is most dynamic, before returning to the canonical somatic pattern.
Photocatalytic Activities of AgRhO2 and AgFeO2 Electrochemical Etching of a Topological Insulator and Carbon Monoxide Oxidation and Thermochemical Water Splitting Capabilities of High Entropy Oxides. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus (2010)

Aberrant promoter DNA-hypermethylation and repressive chromatin constitutes a frequent mechanism of gene inactivation in cancer. There is great interest in dissecting the mechanisms underlying this abnormal silencing. Studies have shown changes in the nuclear organization of chromatin in tumor cells as well as the association of aberrant methylation with long-range silencing of neighboring genes. Furthermore, certain tumors show a high incidence of promoter methylation termed as the CpG island methylator phenotype. Here, we have analyzed the role of nuclear chromatin architecture for genes in hypermethylated inactive versus nonmethylated active states and its relation with long-range silencing and CpG island methylator phenotype. Using combined immunostaining for active/repressive chromatin marks and fluorescence in situ hybridization in colorectal cancer cell lines, we show that aberrant silencing of these genes occurs without requirement for their being positioned at heterochromatic domains. Importantly, hypermethylation, even when associated with long-range epigenetic silencing of neighboring genes, occurs independent of their euchromatic or heterochromatic location. Together, these results indicate that, in cancer, extensive changes around promoter chromatin of individual genes or gene clusters could potentially occur locally without preference for nuclear position and/or causing repositioning. These findings have important implications for understanding relationships between nuclear organization and gene expression patterns in cancer.
Setting Individualized Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Level with a Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Decrement Trial After a Recruitment Maneuver Improves Oxygenation and Lung Mechanics During One-Lung Ventilation (2014)

During one-lung ventilation, the improvements in oxygenation and lung mechanics after an alveolar recruitment maneuver were better preserved by ventilation by using individualized PEEP with a PEEP decrement trial than with a standardized 5 cm·H2O of PEEP.
Hepatic and renal betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase activity in pigs as affected by dietary intakes of sulfur amino acids, choline, and betaine. (1998)

In Exp. 1, young pigs were fed a basal diet containing .17% methionine (Met) (.14% digestible Met), and .48% cystine (.38% digestible cystine) for 14 d (34 to 48 d of age). Treatment additions were .25% DL-Met, .34% betaine, .30% choline, or .25% DL-Met and .34% betaine. Methionine, but not betaine or choline supplementation, increased (P < .05) weight gain and feed efficiency. Hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) activity was increased (P < .05) by betaine and choline supplementation but was not affected by Met deficiency. Renal BHMT activity was increased (P < .05) by Met deficiency and was further increased (P < .05) by betaine supplementation. In Exp. 2, 10-kg pigs were fed the basal diet from Exp. 1 supplemented with enough DL-Met to bring the total basal Met to .24% (.20% digestible Met). Treatment additions consisted of .20% DL-Met or .34% betaine, and diets were fed for 16 d (34 to 50 d of age). Feed efficiency increased (P < .05) in response to Met, but not to betaine, supplementation. Hepatic BHMT activity increased (P < .05) in response to betaine and Met, but no changes in renal BHMT activity occurred. Although statistically significant changes in hepatic and renal BHMT activity occurred in both experiments, the magnitude of the responses was probably not physiologically important. Therefore, in contrast to previous findings with rats and chicks, it does not seem that hepatic and renal BHMT activity in pigs is influenced substantially by Met deficiency, or by surfeit levels of choline or betaine.
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Age-Related Cataract over Time: An Analysis of Interval-Censored Data Using a Random-Effects Model (2012)

Changes in MetS predicted the 5-year incidence of cortical and PSC cataracts. Different MetS components predicted the incidence of cortical and PSC cataracts at varying time intervals.
Novel Approaches for Inhibition of Mucus Hypersecretion in Asthma (2007)

Many obstructive airway disorders such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by mucous metaplasia of the airway epithelium and chronic mucus hypersecretion. Airway occlusion by mucus plugging has been reported in many cases of fatal asthma and conventional mucolytic therapies have been unable to significantly affect mucus-related airway obstruction. Recently, for the first time, direct evidence was presented for improvement of mucus related airway obstruction in a murine model of asthma, highlighting the potential usefulness of therapeutically targeting mucus hypersecretion. We review the emerging targets for inhibition of mucus hypersecretion and discuss some of the recent published scientific literature and patent applications in this field, to provide a framework for further drug discovery in mucus modulation.
Human ossicular-joint flexibility transforms the peak amplitude and width of impulsive acoustic stimuli (2018)

The role of the ossicular joints in the mammalian middle ear is still debated. This work tests the hypothesis that the two synovial joints filter potentially damaging impulsive stimuli by transforming both the peak amplitude and width of these impulses before they reach the cochlea. The three-dimensional (3D) velocity along the ossicular chain in unaltered cadaveric human temporal bones (N = 9), stimulated with acoustic impulses, is measured in the time domain using a Polytec (Waldbronn, Germany) CLV-3D laser Doppler vibrometer. The measurements are repeated after fusing one or both of the ossicular joints with dental cement. Sound transmission is characterized by measuring the amplitude, width, and delay of the impulsive velocity profile as it travels from the eardrum to the cochlea. On average, fusing both ossicular joints causes the stapes velocity amplitude and width to change by a factor of 1.77 (p = 0.0057) and 0.78 (p = 0.011), respectively. Fusing just the incudomalleolar joint has a larger effect on amplitude (a factor of 2.37), while fusing just the incudostapedial joint decreases the stapes velocity on average. The 3D motion of the ossicles is altered by fusing the joints. Finally, the ability of current computational models to predict this behavior is also evaluated.