gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implant- and anesthesia-related factors affecting threshold intensities for vagus nerve stimulation (2021)

Abstract Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used as therapy in epilepsy and depression and is tested as a potential treatment for several chronic disorders. Typically, VNS is delivered at increasing stimulus intensity until a response is observed (threshold intensity). Factors that affect threshold intensities for engagement of different fiber types and concomitant physiological responses have not been studied. We determined neural and physiological responses to increasing stimulus intensities of VNS in anesthetized and awake animals, and examined the effect of implant- and anesthesia-related factors on threshold intensities in a rodent model of VNS. In acute and long-term cervical vagus nerve implants (53 and 14 rats, respectively) VNS was delivered under isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine, or awake at different intensities. Stimulus-evoked compound action potentials (eCAPs) were recorded, elicited physiological responses were registered, including changes heart rate (HR), breathing, and blood pressure (BP), and threshold intensities were determined. The intensity that elicits eCAPs (“neural threshold”) is significantly lower than what elicits a physiological response (“physiological threshold”, PT) (25 μA ±1.8 vs. 70 μA ±5.2, respectively; Mean ±SEM). Changes in BP occur at the lowest stimulus intensities (80 μA ±7), followed by changes in HR (105 μA ±8.4) and finally in breathing (310 μA ±32.5). PT is lower with than without electrode insulation (60 μA ±12, vs. 700 μA ±123). PT and electrode impedance are correlated in long-term ( r =0.47; p &lt;0.001) but not in acute implants ( r =-0.34; p NS); both PT and impedance increase with implant age (Pearson correlation r =0.44; p &lt;0.001 and r=0.64; p&lt;0.001, respectively). PT is lowest when animals are awake (210 μA ±33; Mean ±SEM), followed by ketamine-xylazine (630 μA ±154), and isoflurane (1075 μA ±131). The sequence of physiological responses with increasing VNS intensity is similar in both anesthetized and awake states. Implant age, electrical impedance and the type of anesthesia affect VNS threshold and should be accounted for when determining stimulation dose.
Metallorganic Routes to Nanoscale Iron and Titanium Oxide Particles Encapsulated in Mesoporous Alumina: Formation, Physical Properties, and Chemical Reactivity (2000)

Iron and titanium oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized in parallel mesopores of alumina by a novel organometallic "chimie douce" approach that uses bis(toluene)iron(0) (1) and bis(toluene)titanium(0) (2) as precursors. These complexes are molecular sources of iron and titanium in a zerovalent atomic state. In the case of 1, core shell iron/iron oxide particles with a strong magnetic coupling between both components, as revealed by magnetic measurements, are formed. Mössbauer data reveal superparamagnetic particle behavior with a distinct particle size distribution that confirms the magnetic measurements. The dependence of the Mössbauer spectra on temperature and particle size is explained by the influence of superparamagnetic relaxation effects. The coexistence of a paramagnetic doublet and a magnetically split component in the spectra is further explained by a distribution in particle size. From Mössbauer parameters the oxide phase can be identified as low-crystallinity ferrihydrite oxide. In agreement with quantum size effects observed in UV-visible studies, TEM measurements determine the size of the particles in the range 5-8 nm. The particles are mainly arranged alongside the pore walls of the alumina template. TiO2 nanoparticles are formed by depositing 2 in mesoporous alumina template. This produces metallic Ti, which is subsequently oxidized to TiO2 (anatase) within the alumina pores. UV-visible studies show a strong quantum confinement effect for these particles. From UV-visible investigations the particle size is determined to be around 2 nm. XPS analysis of the iron- and titania- embedded nanoparticles reveal the presence of Fe2O3 and TiO2 according to experimental binding energies and the experimental line shapes. Ti4+ and Fe3+ are the only oxidation states of the particles which can be determined by this technique. Hydrogen reduction of the iron/iron-oxide nanoparticles at 500 degrees C under flowing H2/N2 produces a catalyst, which is active towards formation of carbon nanotubes by a CVD process. Depending on the reaction conditions, the formation of smaller carbon nanotubes inside the interior of larger carbon nanotubes within the alumina pores can be achieved. This behavior can be understood by means of selectively turning on and off the iron catalyst by adjusting the flow rate of the gaseous carbon precursor in the CVD process.
Common variants in the region around Osterix are associated with bone mineral density and growth in childhood (2009)

Peak bone mass achieved in adolescence is a determinant of bone mass in later life. In order to identify genetic variants affecting bone mineral density (BMD), we performed a genome-wide association study of BMD and related traits in 1518 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We compared results with a scan of 134 adults with high or low hip BMD. We identified associations with BMD in an area of chromosome 12 containing the Osterix (SP7) locus, a transcription factor responsible for regulating osteoblast differentiation (ALSPAC: P = 5.8 × 10[superscript −4]; Australia: P = 3.7 × 10[superscript −4]). This region has previously shown evidence of association with adult hip and lumbar spine BMD in an Icelandic population, as well as nominal association in a UK population. A meta-analysis of these existing studies revealed strong association between SNPs in the Osterix region and adult lumbar spine BMD (P = 9.9 × 10[superscript −11). In light of these findings, we genotyped a further 3692 individuals from ALSPAC who had whole body BMD and confirmed the association in children as well (P = 5.4 × 10[superscript −5]). Moreover, all SNPs were related to height in ALSPAC children, but not weight or body mass index, and when height was included as a covariate in the regression equation, the association with total body BMD was attenuated. We conclude that genetic variants in the region of Osterix are associated with BMD in children and adults probably through primary effects on growth.
Automated detection of delamination and disbond from wavefield images obtained using a scanning laser vibrometer (2011)

The paper presents signal and image processing algorithms to automatically detect delamination and disbond in composite plates from wavefield images obtained using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Lamb waves are excited by a lead zirconate titanate transducer (PZT) mounted on the surface of a composite plate, and the out-of-plane velocity field is measured using an LDV. From the scanned time signals, wavefield images are constructed and processed to study the interaction of Lamb waves with hidden delaminations and disbonds. In particular, the frequency–wavenumber (f–k) domain filter and the Laplacian image filter are used to enhance the visibility of defects in the scanned images. Thereafter, a statistical cluster detection algorithm is used to identify the defect location and distinguish damaged specimens from undamaged ones.
Characterization of acne associated with upadacitinib treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A post hoc integrated analysis of 3 phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (2022)

Acne associated with upadacitinib for atopic dermatitis treatment is usually mild/moderate in severity and managed with topical therapies or no intervention.
The upstrap (2018)

Abstract Bootstrap [2] is a landmark method for quantifying variability. It uses sampling with replacement with a sample size equal to that of the original data. We propose the upstrap, which samples with replacement either more or fewer samples than the original sample size. We illustrate the upstrap by solving a hard, but common, sample size calculation problem.
Design of new-generation robotic capsules for therapeutic and diagnostic endoscopy (2010)

This paper presents the design of two (2) novel endoscopic capsules. Using current capsule endoscopy technologies approximately 70,000 images of the human gastric tract are obtained during the examination. Usually, these images are reviewed by a gastroenterologist in a form of a video at various speeds (5 - 40 frames/sec). A physician spends 55 to 180 minutes reading these results. This represents a major problem for the gastroenterologist because it consumes a lot of time. Usually, it takes several days for the examination results to become available since the physician has to find the time frame to study each video uninterrupted for up to 3 hours. Researchers and companies have developed software methodologies for speeding up the examination process by reducing the number of frames per video. In addition, several new designs have been proposed for more efficient and flexible capsules. These designs offer potential solutions for the endoscopy field. In this paper we present our novel designs for two flexible capsules, a diagnostic capsule and a therapeutic capsule. The diagnostic capsule enhances the imaging characteristics of the intestine and achieves more accurate diagnoses. The therapeutic capsule is fully controllable, moveable and is able to collect specimens from a suspicious area for a quick biopsy. The design of these capsules is based on features selected from in house software methodologies, as well as characteristics of the small intestine such as peristalsis.
Spatiotemporally organized immunomodulatory response to SARS-CoV-2 virus in primary human broncho-alveolar epithelia (2023)

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a health crisis with major unmet medical needs. The early responses from airway epithelial cells, the first target of the virus regulating the progression towards severe disease, are not fully understood. Primary human air-liquid interface cultures representing the broncho-alveolar epithelia were used to study the kinetics and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants infection. The infection measured by nucleoprotein expression, was a late event appearing between day 4-6 post infection for Wuhan-like virus. Other variants demonstrated increasingly accelerated timelines of infection. All variants triggered similar transcriptional signatures, an "early" inflammatory/immune signature preceding a "late" type I/III IFN, but differences in the quality and kinetics were found, consistent with the timing of nucleoprotein expression. Response to virus was spatially organized: CSF3 expression in basal cells and CCL20 in apical cells. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 virus triggers specific responses modulated over time to engage different arms of immune response.
Effects of farnesyltransferase inhibitors on cell cycle progression of human cancer cells (2001)

Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) represent a novel class of anti-cancer drugs with preferential effects on transformed cells. FTIs are currently evaluated in clinical trials. They are developed with the idea to inhibit farnesylation and membrane association of proteins such as Ras. In support of this idea, FTIs are effective in interfering with phenotypes due to H-ras activation, although K-ras activated events are resistant to FTIs. Recent studies on farnesylated proteins also raised the possibility that FTIs affect farnesylated proteins other than H-ras. To gain insight into this possibility, we have examined cellular effects of FTIs on human cancer cells. We, as well as others, have observed that FTIs cause enrichment of G0/G1-phase cells with a number of cancer cells. In addition, FTIs affect proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, such as retinoblastoma protein, p21Waf1/Cip1 and cyclins. With some cancer cell lines, FTI causes G2/M enrichment. Proteins, such as farnesylated Rho proteins and centromere binding proteins CENP-E/F may play roles in these cell cycle effects.
Equivalent Electric and Heat-Pump Water Heater Models for Aggregated Community-Level Demand Response Virtual Power Plant Controls (2021)

Advanced control techniques may be used to establish a virtual power plant to regulate the operation of electric water heaters, which may be regarded as a “uni-directional battery” and a major component of a hybrid residential energy storage system. In order to estimate the potential of regulating water heaters at the aggregated level, factors including user behavior, number of water heaters, and types of water heaters must be considered. This study develops generic water heater load curves based on the data retrieved from large experimental projects for resistive electric water heaters (EWHs) and heat pump water heaters (HPWHs). A community-level digital twin with scalability has been developed to capture the aggregated hot water flow and average hot temperature in the tank. The results in this paper also include the “energy take” in line with the CTA-2045 standard and Energy Star specification. The data from the experiments demonstrated that changing from an EWH to an HPWH reduces electricity usage by approximately 70%. The case study showed that daily electricity usage could be shifted by approximately 14% and 17% by EWH and HPWHs, respectively, compared to their corresponding average power. Another case study showed that both EHWs and HPWHs, coordinated with PV to reduce morning and evening peaks, could shift approximately 22% of the daily electricity.
Electronic structure as a probe of bonding in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (1981)

We have recently developed a new approach to cluster Bethe lattice calculations which provides a pratical scheme for incorporating nth neighbor interactions in the tight‐binding Hamiltonian used. We have used this scheme to include second‐neighbor interactions in a realistic Hamiltonian, to examine the effects of ’’bulklike’’ and ’’surfacelike’’ surroundings on the electronic structure of a variety of Si‐H bonding conformations in a‐Si:H. We have found that the monohydride density of states depends markedly on its enviroment, which suggests that photoemission probes of the density of states may be used to gain structural information about a‐Si:H. We propose a photoemission experiment which could distinguish between a microcrystalline form and a continuous random network form of a‐Si:H. Implications for the doping mechanism of a‐Si:H are discussed.
Simple Genetic Selection Protocol for Isolation of Overexpressed Genes That Enhance Accumulation of Membrane-Integrated Human G Protein-Coupled Receptors inEscherichia coli (2010)

The efficient production of membrane proteins in bacteria remains a major challenge. In this work, we sought to identify overexpressed genes that enhance the yields of recombinant membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. We developed a genetic selection system for bacterial membrane protein production, consisting of membrane protein fusions with the enzyme beta-lactamase and facile selection of high-production strains on ampicillin-containing media. This system was used to screen the ASKA library, an ordered library of plasmids encoding all the known E. coli open reading frames (ORFs), and several clones with the ability to accumulate enhanced amounts of recombinant membrane proteins were selected. Notably, coexpression of ybaB, a gene encoding a putative DNA-binding protein of unknown function, was found to enhance the accumulation of a variety of membrane-integrated human G protein-coupled receptors and other integral membrane proteins in E. coli by up to 10-fold. The results of this study highlight the power of genetic approaches for identifying factors that impact membrane protein biogenesis and for generating engineered microbial hosts for membrane protein production.
A Deterministic Algorithm for Pliable Index Coding (2016)

Pliable index coding considers a server with m messages, and n clients where each has as side information a subset of the messages. We seek to minimize the number of transmissions the server should make, so that each client receives (any) one message she does not already have. Previous work has shown that the server can achieve this using O(\log^2(n)) transmissions and needs at least Ω(log(n)) transmissions in the worst case, but finding a code of optimal length is NP-hard. In this paper, we propose a deterministic algorithm that we prove achieves this upper bound, that is, in an order almost as the worst-case optimal code length. We also establish a connection between the pliable index coding problem and the minrank problem over a family of mixed matrices.
Supplementary Figures from Antitumor Efficacy of a Monoclonal Antibody That Inhibits the Activity of Cancer-Associated Carbonic Anhydrase XII (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 299K, Figure S1 shows the homogenous GFP expression of the A549 single cell clone used for the in vivo experiments. Figure S2 illustrates the distribution of the labeled 6A10 antibody and compares it to the localization of the xenografts. Figure S3 shows the tumor burden of xenograft-carrying mice at day 81 post inoculation. Figure S4 show hematoxylin/eosin stains of xenografts with adjacent normal tissues.&lt;/p&gt;
A Study for the Effect of the PCB Motion on the Dynamics of MEMS Devices Under Mechanical Shock (2009)

We present a theoretical and experimental investigation into the effect of the motion of a printed circuit board (PCB) on the response of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices to shock loading. For the theoretical part, a 2-DOF model is used, where the first degree of freedom accounts for the PCB. The second degree of freedom represents the motion of the MEMS microstructure. Low-g acceleration pulses are applied to the MEMS-PCB assembly base to simulate shock pulses generated from a drop-table test. Simulation data are presented to show the effects of the natural frequency of the PCB, the natural frequency of the microstructure, and the shock pulse duration. Universal 3-D spectra representing the effect of these parameters are presented. It is found that neglecting the PCB effect on the design of MEMS devices under shock loads can lead to undesirable motion of their microstructures. The effects of electrostatic force and squeeze film damping are investigated. It is found that the amplification of motion due to the PCB can cause early pull-in instability for MEMS devices implementing electrostatic forces. The effect of higher order modes of a microbeam is studied through a continuous beam model coupled with a lumped model of the PCB. The limitations of the 2-DOF model are discussed. An experimental investigation is conducted to verify the theoretical results using a capacitive accelerometer. Experimental data for the response of the accelerometer while it is mounted on two representative PCBs due to different low-g shock conditions are shown.
Thermal & mechanical challenges for 3DIC integration (2013)

3DIC integration is considered as one of the biggest revolutions coming in the next few years in microelectronics and assembly: revolution for the integration &amp; process - from front end to 3D final assembly; revolution for supply chain, design tools, test and characterization...Impact of 3D process and stacking on Cmos and associated design rules that this integration will generate is a key point to ensure the real interest of 3D stacking. Many recent results tend to prove that some of those challenges are undertaken and on the good way to be solved: 2,5D integration, a step toward 3DIC, is already under production, and thus proposes some embryos of solutions. We can assume that when 2,5D will come with relevant yields and throughputs, the step toward 3DIC will be easier to climb. Nevertheless, 3DIC will come with specific challenges: thermal impact, coupling effect, stress impact...This paper is an overview of past and current work at Cea-Léti on those thematic. Among others, thermal modeling and characterization is given. Technological solutions at device level are proposed to reduce areas &amp; impacts of hot points. Secondly, mechanical management of an interposer is detailed: especially with a large interposer, included high density of interconnections, warp management is a key point during 3D process steps, but also during 3D assembly. For this thematic also, some characterizations are given with some proposed solutions. Finally, a review of major 3D technological steps with associated possible impacts on performances is given. It gives both the already done work, and some of the challenges still to address.
A Sub-μW Power 10 bit ΔΣ ADC for Biomedical Applications (2020)

We present a sub-μW power consumption ΔΣ ADC with a target 10 bit resolution for biomedical application. A fully passive loop filter based CTDSM was first realized followed by a digital comb LPF and decimator. The loop filter employs an asynchronous NRZ DAC and a feedforward summing enabled comparator realization. We propose a low power architectural implementation of a digital comb filter. The low power operation is enabled at the architectural level due to the novel clock enabled adder based comb filter. Further, a proposed pass gate and keeper based full adder circuit implementation is used for sub-μW power consumption. The design was realized in a standard 180 nm CMOS mixed mode technology in Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL), India. Simulation results show a power consumption of 920 nW for the ΔΣ ADC for a 10 kHz biomedical bandwidth.
The Effect of Reynolds Number on a Transonic Swept Fan OGV in a Small Turbofan Engine (2012)

In this paper, Reynolds effects on a transonic swept fan outlet guide vane (OGV) in a small turbofan engine are evaluated using a CFD model, successfully assessed with respect to experimental data. The flow-fields are evaluated at two Reynolds number conditions, a high Reynolds condition (corresponding to take-off conditions) and a low Reynolds number condition (corresponding to cruise conditions). The CFD results show large differences in the overall OGV performance between these two points. The flow mechanism for the deterioration in the OGV’s performance at the low Reynolds number condition is shown. Finally a new idea for improving the OGV performance is proposed.
Channel estimation and synchronization for polarization-division multiplexed CO-OFDM using subcarrier/polarization interleaved training symbols (2011)

We propose and demonstrate the use of subcarrier/polarization-interleaved training symbols for channel estimation and synchronization in polarization-division multiplexed (PDM) coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (CO-OFDM) transmission. The principle, the computational efficiency, and the frequency-offset tolerance of the proposed method are described. We show that the use of subcarrier/polarization interleaving doubles the tolerance to the frequency offset between the transmit laser and the receiver's optical local oscillator as compared to conventional schemes. Using this method, we demonstrate 43-Gb/s PDM CO-OFDM transmission with 16-QAM subcarrier modulation over 5,200-km of ultra-large-area fiber.