gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Test Method Development to Quantify the In Situ Elastic and Plastic Behavior of 62%Sn–36%Pb–2%Ag Solder Ball Arrays in Commercial Area Array Packages at −40 °C , 23 °C, and 125 °C (2005)

The objective of this study is to describe and evaluate test methods developed to experimentally characterize the in situ mechanical behavior of solder ball arrays connecting printed wiring boards to area array packages under tensile, compressive, and shear loading at −40, 23, and 125 °C. The solder ball arrays tested were composed of 62%Sn–36%Pb–2%Ag solder alloy. Finite element modeling was performed. The results indicated that the test fixture should be geometrically equivalent to the projected shape of the ball grid array to achieve uniform loading. Tension, compression, and shear tests were conducted. For tensile loading the interfaces and the solder balls are loaded in series resulting in a large apparent strain (13%). Various interfacial failure modes are observed. Under compression and shear loading the effect of the interfaces are negligible and therefore a significant deformation and a remarkable yielding behavior of solder ball arrays can be observed. Furthermore, the specimens tested under shear loading showed different failure modes such as cohesive or adhesive failure modes depending on the test temperature. From the overall results, it has been determined that shear loading is the most representative test to measure the actual mechanical behavior of solder in ball grid arrays.
High Resistivity Buffer Layers by Oxygen Doping (1993)

The goal of this project was to study the effects of GaAs doping with dimethylaluminum methoxide during OMVPE growth. Incorporation of both aluminum and oxygen was analyzed as a function of growth conditions (growth temperature, V/III ratio, reactor pressure, growth rate, and DMAIMO mole fraction) by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy. The aluminum content changed only slightly with deposition parameters but oxygen incorporation exhibited thermally activated behavior with the activation energy of 2.0 eV. At temperatures below 500 deg C oxygen content approached that of aluminum indicating that Al-O is incorporated as a pair into GaAs. The oxygen concentrations were as high as 5x10 to the l9 cu cm without degrading surface morphology. Layers with high oxygen content exhibited short carrier lifetime (very weak near-band-edge photoluminescence) and high resistivity as determined by C-V profiles and Hall effect measurements. Localized Vibrational Mode spectroscopy proved that aluminum and oxygen atoms remain bonded as pairs in the volume of the epilayer. This is the first successful attempt at controlled introduction of Impurity complexes into semiconductors. GaAs, Oxygen, MDCVP, Growth, Buffer layer.
Evidence for a “Carbene‐like” Intermediate during the Reaction of Methoxy Species with Light Alkenes on H‐ZSM‐5 (2011)

Secrets revealed: IR spectroscopy shows that the recovered acidic hydroxy groups after the reaction of [D3]methoxy groups with light alkenes on zeolites are all deuterated (see scheme). The results indicate that the reaction occurs through methylene rather than methyl units.
Data from Mesothelin-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate (MSLN-TTC): Preclinical Evaluation of a New Targeted Alpha Therapy for Mesothelin-Positive Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Targeted thorium-227 conjugates (TTC) represent a new class of molecules for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Covalent attachment of a 3,2-HOPO chelator to an antibody enables specific complexation and delivery of the alpha particle emitter thorium-227 to tumor cells. Because of the high energy and short penetration range, TAT efficiently induces double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) preferentially in the tumor cell with limited damage to the surrounding tissue. We present herein the preclinical evaluation of a mesothelin (MSLN)-targeted thorium-227 conjugate, BAY 2287411. MSLN is a GPI-anchored membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in mesothelioma, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and breast cancers with limited expression in healthy tissue.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;The binding activity and radiostability of BAY 2287411 were confirmed bioanalytically. The mode-of-action and antitumor potency of BAY 2287411 were investigated &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in cell line and patient-derived xenograft models of breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;BAY 2287411 induced DSBs, apoptotic markers, and oxidative stress, leading to reduced cellular viability. Furthermore, upregulation of immunogenic cell death markers was observed. BAY 2287411 was well-tolerated and demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy when administered via single or multiple dosing regimens &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. In addition, significant survival benefit was observed in a disseminated lung cancer model. Biodistribution studies showed specific uptake and retention of BAY 2287411 in tumors and enabled the development of a mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to describe the preclinical data.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These promising preclinical results supported the transition of BAY 2287411 into a clinical phase I program in mesothelioma and ovarian cancer patients (NCT03507452).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ruling out lupus anticoagulants with mixing test–specific cutoff assessment and the index of circulating anticoagulant (2019)

The data indicate that MTC has a tendency to generate not-corrected mixing tests in factor-deficient, warfarin, and other inhibitor samples, while ICA exhibited higher specificity. When we perform the mixing test and interpret the data, it is important to understand the characteristics of the indexes for maximizing the diagnostic potential of mixing test.
Influence of Thermal Stress and Kinetic Bias Stress on the Electrical Performance of Mixed Oxide Thin Film Transistors (2013)

This study discusses thermally activated defects in the channel layer of indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) under electrical and thermal stress resembling practical stress scenarios. Operating temperatures of 20, 50, and 80 {degree sign}C have been chosen to establish a relation between temperature and failure mechanism. With increasing stress period, acceptor- and donor-like traps contribute towards degrading drain current and subthreshold swing. Low temperature long hour anneal for 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hr at 150 {degree sign}C are performed on the TFTs post fabrication to cure the defects formed during fabrication. Structures treated for 48 hr demonstrate high stability under extended kinetic stresses, maintaining a high transistor Ion/Ioff ratio of ~ 10 8 . A physically-based mathematical model discusses the reduction in the density of acceptor-like trap states by 50 % for TFTs treated for 12 hrs, and to insignificant numbers for TFTs treated for 48 hr.
Nonlinear filtering and large deviations (1987)

We consider the nonlinear filtering problem dx = f(x)dt + √∈dw, dy = h(x)dt + √∈dv, and obtain lim→∈0 ∈log q∈(x, t) = -W(x,t) for unnormalised conditional densities q∈ (x,t) using PDE methods. Here, W(x,t) is the value function for a deterministic optimal control problem arising in Mortensen's deterministic estimation, and is the unique viscosity solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation.
Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers: Surface Science Studies of Carbazole Derivatives (2014)

We review recent results towards a molecular understanding of the adsorption and dehydrogenation of carbazole-derived liquid organic hydrogen carriers on platinum and palladium single crystals and on Al2 O3 -supported Pt and Pd nanoparticles. By combining synchrotron-based high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, advanced molecular beam methods and temperature-programmed desorption spectroscopy, detailed insights into the reaction mechanism are obtained. On Pt(111), dehydrogenation of perhydro-N-ethylcarbazole, H12 -NEC, starts with activation of the hydrogen atoms at the pyrrole unit, yielding H8 -NEC as the first stable reaction intermediate at ∼340 K, followed by further dehydrogenation to NEC at ∼380 K. Above 390 K, dealkylation starts, yielding carbazole as an undesired byproduct. On small supported Pt particles, the dealkylation sets in at lower temperatures, due to the higher reactivity of low-coordinated sites, while on larger particles with (111) facets a reactivity as on the flat surface is observed. Carbazole derivatives with ethyl, propyl and butyl chains show an overall very similar reactivity, both on Pt(111) and on Pt nanoparticles. When comparing the dealkylation behavior of H12 -NEC on Pt(111) and Pt nanoparticles to that on Pd(111) and Pd nanoparticles, we find a higher reactivity for the Pd systems.
SRL in-situ tests in the United Kingdom: Part 1, program document and sample emplacements (1988)

The primary objective of the high-level waste management program at the Savannah River Plant (SRP) is to safely and effectively immobilize high-level radioactive defense waste into borosilicate glass. By federal law this glass will ultimately be disposed of in a deep, geologic repository. Thus, it is necessary to demonstrate that the waste glass will perform well in the geologic environment. A multiphase experimental effort, directed at assessing and understanding waste glass behavior under repository conditions, has been in progress at Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) for approximately seven years. Emphasized in this program are waste glass and repository relevant interactions both on a laboratory scale and in field tests. The field or in-situ experiments are exemplified by the burial of over 100 simulated SRL waste glass samples in the granite site at Stripa in Sweden; field tests involving burial of simulated SRL waste glasses in clay at Mol, Belgium; in-situ testing of simulated waste forms from seven different countries and almost 2000 waste form and package component samples buried at the WIPP salt site at Carlsbad, NM; and the burial of SRL waste glasses and natural glass analogues in limestone at Ballidon in the United Kingdom. It is the objective ofmore » this report to describe the new SRL in-situ program conducted in the UK. 33 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.« less
Pro-fibrotic phenotype of human Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome lung fibroblasts (2021)

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 (HPS-1) is associated with highly prevalent pulmonary fibrosis. Patients with HPS-1 usually manifest with pulmonary fibrosis in middle-age and are typically younger than patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Given the accelerated onset of pulmonary fibrosis in HPS-1, we hypothesized that lung fibroblasts from individuals with HPS-1 pulmonary fibrosis are constitutively activated and have an enhanced fibrotic response. To test this hypothesis, fibroblasts cultured from explanted lung tissue from patients with HPS-1 pulmonary fibrosis were analyzed and compared to lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF and normal controls. We found that HPS-1 lung fibroblasts express high levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) transcript and protein compared to normal lung fibroblasts. Similarly, levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were increased in HPS-1 lung fibroblasts compared to normal cells. In contrast, no significant differences in a-SMA or CTGF protein levels were found in IPF and normal lung fibroblasts. Immunostaining of lung tissue showed prominent expression of a-SMA and CTGF in alveolar interstitial lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from patients with HPS-1 pulmonary fibrosis or IPF compared to normal lung. Levels of fibronectin, collagen&nbsp;type I α1, and collagen&nbsp;type I α2 transcripts were significantly higher in HPS-1 lung fibroblasts stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-b compared to those in HPS-1 lung fibroblasts incubated with vehicle-only or normal lung fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-b. In conclusion, HPS-1 lung fibroblasts are constitutively activated and exhibit an exaggerated fibrotic response when stimulated with TGF-b.
Perinatal kynurenine 3‐hydroxylase inhibition in rodents: Pathophysiological implications (2007)

The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation contains three neuroactive metabolites: the neuroinhibitory agent kynurenic acid (KYNA) and, in a competing branch, the free radical generator 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and the excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN). These three "kynurenines" derive from a common precursor, L-kynurenine, and are recognized for their role in brain physiology and pathophysiology. Inhibition of kynurenine 3-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for 3-HK formation, shifts KP metabolism in the mature brain toward enhanced KYNA formation. We now tested the cerebral effects of kynurenine 3-hydroxylase inhibition in immature rodents. Rat pups treated with the kynurenine 3-hydroxylase inhibitor UPF 648 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 10 min after birth showed substantial increases in cerebral and liver kynurenine and KYNA levels up to 24 hr later, whereas 3-HK and QUIN levels were simultaneously decreased. Administered to pregnant rats or mice on the last day of gestation, UPF 648 (50 mg/kg, i.p.) produced qualitatively similar changes (i.e., large increases in kynurenine and KYNA and reductions in 3-HK and QUIN) in the brain and liver of the offspring. Rat pups delivered by UPF 648-treated mothers and immediately exposed to neonatal asphyxia showed further enhanced brain KYNA levels. These studies demonstrate that acute kynurenine 3-hydroxylase inhibition effectively shifts cerebral KP metabolism in neonatal rodents toward increased KYNA formation. Selective inhibitors of this enzyme may therefore provide neuroprotection in newborns and will also be useful for the experimental evaluation of the long-term effects of perinatal KP impairment.
Low inductance power module with blade connector (2010)

A novel single-switch power module has been developed, featuring a laminated blade connector for low inductance interconnect to a busbar. The module was designed, optimized and experimentally validated as part of a high frequency three-phase converter, demonstrating parasitic inductances of less than one nano henry for the module and as low as five nano henries for the converter phase-leg commutation loop. The flexible plug-in hardware facilitated direct comparison of switching performance between three different chipsets, including a 150 A and a 300 A hybrid designs using the fastest 1200 V silicon IGBTs with silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes, as well as a 150 A all-SiC module with emerging SiC MOSFETs. The results were also compared with switching performance of standard modules. First, the impact of parasitic inductance on switching performance was quantified by testing the same 300 A hybrid chipset in an industry-standard module. Compared to the low inductance blade POL module, the standard module had 65% higher voltage overshoot and 30% higher total switching losses. Second, the switching performance of the 150 A, 1200 V fast IGBT, in either standard silicon or the hybrid blade module, was compared with the all-SiC blade module under the same test conditions. The IGBT switching losses of the standard silicon module were 3.5 times higher, while the hybrid blade module losses were 2.5 times higher than those of the all-SiC module. The new low inductance blade module is an excellent package for the new generation of fast silicon IGBTs and the emerging SiC power devices. The module will enable efficient power conversion at significantly higher switching frequencies and power densities.
A new direct homolytic iodination reaction of alkanes by perfluoroalkyl iodides (1997)

L. Liguori, H. Bjørsvik, A. Bravo, F. Fontana and F. Minisci, Chem. Commun., 1997, 1501 DOI: 10.1039/A703332J
SH2 domain-containing Phosphatase-(SHP)-2 blunts fibrotic responses through regulation of fibroblast mitochondrial metabolism and autophagy (2019)

<b>Background:</b> We have previously shown that SHP2 downregulation may predispose fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts. Recent data has shown that SHP2 overexpression enhances mitochondrial metabolism. <b>Objective:</b> To determine whether SHP2 attenuates fibrotic responses through regulation of fibroblast mitochondrial metabolism <b>Methods and Results:</b> Transfection of NHLF with a constitutively active SHP2 mutant (E76A) produced reductions in PDGFBB-induced proliferation and increases on the apoptotic activity compared to cells transfected with an empty plasmid. Similarly primary mouse lung fibroblasts (MLFs) derived from mice carrying a conditional knockin mutation (D61G/+) that renders SHP2 catalytic domain constitutively active exhibited reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis (TUNEL, caspase 3/7 activity) compared to wild-type ones. SHP2 overexpression led to impaired mitochondrial function as assessed by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species production. SHP2 overexpressing MLFs exhibited increased protein levels of autophagy markers (LC3B-II and p-62). Electron microscope analysis revealed that SHP2 D61G/+ MLFs were characterized by damaged mitochondria with increased number of autophagosomes compared to wild-type ones. SHP2 D61G/+ mice showed attenuated fibrotic responses to bleomycin with enhanced AMPK and decreased mTORC1 activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> SHP2 attenuates fibrotic responses through negative regulation of fibroblast mitochondrial metabolism and induction of autophagy. SHP2 activation may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with IPF.
RhI‐Catalyzed CC Bond Activation: Seven‐Membered Ring Synthesis by a [6+1] Carbonylative Ring‐Expansion Reaction of Allenylcyclobutanes (2006)

Expandieren: Eine Rhodium(I)-katalysierte C-C-Aktivierung von Allenylcyclobutanen liefert Metallacyclen-Intermediate, die mit CO abgefangen werden. Funktionalisierte mono- wie bicyclische Cycloheptenone werden mit dieser neuen carbonylierenden [6+1]-Cycloaddition höherer Ordnung in guten bis ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten erhalten. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z600806_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Enantioselective Preparation of Arenes with β‐Stereogenic Centers: Confronting the 1,1‐Disubstituted Olefin Problem Using CuH/Pd Cooperative Catalysis (2020)

Abstract Arenes with β‐stereogenic centers are important substructures in pharmaceuticals and natural products. We have developed an asymmetric anti‐Markovnikov hydroarylation of 1,1‐disubstituted olefins by dual palladium and copper hydride catalysis as a convenient and general approach to access these substructures. This efficient one‐step process addresses several limitations of the traditional stepwise approaches. The use of cesium benzoate as a base and a common phosphine ligand for both the Cu‐ and Pd‐catalyzed processes were important discoveries that allow these challenging olefin substrates to be efficiently transformed. A variety of aryl bromide coupling partners, including numerous heterocycles, were coupled with 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes to generate arenes with β‐stereogenic centers.
Evaluation of an optimal watermark tampering attack against dirty paper trellis schemes (2008)

Benchmarking watermarking systems now goes beyond only evaluating the ability of the embedded watermark to withstand common signal primitives such as filtering, resampling, lossy compression, D/A-A/D conversions, etc. Evaluation procedures have to consider how much information leaks from a watermarking system since such knowledge could prove most helpful to design very powerful attacks. This paper further refines an attack on dirty paper watermarking schemes which relies on security weaknesses i.e. information leakage. In particular, additional constraints are introduced to be able to handle 'complex' trellises. Moreover, the efficiency of this attack has been evaluated for different trellis configurations. Quite counter-intuitively, increasing the number of states in the trellis seems to enhance both the robustness and the security of the system.
Monitoring Morphology and Hydrogen Coverage of Nanometric Pt/γ‐Al2O3 Particles by In Situ HERFD–XANES and Quantum Simulations (2014)

Abstract Platinum nanoclusters highly dispersed on γ‐alumina are widely used as heterogeneous catalysts. To understand the chemical interplay between the Pt nanoparticles, the support, and the reductive atmosphere, we performed X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) in situ experiments recorded in high energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode. Spectra are assigned by comparison with simulated XANES spectra on models obtained by molecular dynamics (DFT‐MD). We propose platinum cluster morphologies and quantify the hydrogen coverages compatible with XANES spectra recorded at variable hydrogen pressures and temperatures. Using cutting‐edge methodologies to assign XANES spectra, this work gives unequalled atomic insights into the characterization of supported nanoclusters.
Wideband U-slot microstrip antenna using CPW feed (2002)

The coplanar waveguide (CPW) has been researched due to several attractive features in comparison with the microstrip line. The attractions are wide bandwidth, better impedance matching, easy integration of solid state active devices and low radiation loss (see Nesic, A., 1983; Menzel, W. and Grabherr, 1991). Especially, in microwave and millimeter wave applications, slot coupling fed by CPW has several useful properties. A U-slot microstrip antenna using a CPW feed is proposed. The proposed antenna has wide bandwidth and can decrease the number of substrates, compared with an antenna using a conventional slot-coupled microstrip feed line. Antenna designs and detail of experimental results are described and discussed.
Anaesthetic Aspects of Implanting Diaphragmatic Pacing in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury (2010)

Some patients with high cervical spinal cord injury are largely or completely dependent on mechanical ventilator support. Diaphragmatic phrenic nerve pacing is a new technique that offers some patients greater independence from mechanical ventilation. In selected patients, electrodes are placed on the abdominal side of the diaphragm via laparoscopy. An external pacing box provides the pacing stimulus. We report our experience with four patients with spinal cord injury in a pilot project, presenting for laparoscopic insertion of diaphragmatic phrenic nerve pacing leads inserted. The surgery took about two hours and diaphragmatic mapping precluded muscle relaxants. We used desflurane with remifentanil for maintenance. Apart from transferring the patients to and from their usual ventilators, other anaesthesia issues were difficult venous and arterial access for lines and long-term tracheostomies with no cuff or cuffs filled with water While hypotension was a frequent problem, one patient also developed intraoperative hypertension secondary to autonomic dysreflexia. Preoperative testing predicted pacing outcome with three of the four patients having successful pacing with tidal volumes of up to 10 ml/kg at the end of surgery. This initial Australian experience may lead to greater use of the technique.