gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vasoactive agents and the mesenteric microcirculation (1985)

Vasoactive agents are known to have a variety of effects on the dynamics of the mesenteric microcirculation. We compare and contrast the effects of both vasodilators and vasoconstrictors on capillary filtration coefficient, vascular permeability, tissue oxygen tension, and microvascular pressure. The various methodologies used to determine the above quantities are discussed, as well as the limitations and advantages of each approach. Discrepancies between the results obtained with particular classes of vasoactive agents are discussed relative to both dosage and route of administration. In addition, data obtained for each parameter using both whole-organ and in vivo microscopic techniques are reconciled relative to the characteristics of each approach. Experimental designs are proposed that may help minimize future inconsistencies in the data, as well as maximize the relative advantages of available techniques.
<title>Neural hypercolumn architecture for the preprocessing of radiographic weld images</title> (1990)

A general neural hypercolumn architecture is applied to radiographic weld images to locate regions of strong spatial intensity gradients. The hypercolumn output provides information on both the direction and the orientation of local spatial intensity gradients. These outputs can also be used to form an enhanced decimated image which can be processed for feature recognition. Parametric tuning of the architecture is discussed with particular emphasis on the requirements of the application. The performance of this architecture is compared with that of Sobel filters and other edge-detecting convolution masks. The possible representation of these various discrete convolution masks -including hypercolumns - as generalized non-adaptive neurons is also discussed. 1.
SAR Study of Mobile Phones as a function of Antenna Q (2015)

High-Q tunable antennas are good alternatives to low-Q passive antennas because the antenna size can be smaller while covering the required long-term evolution (LTE) frequency bands. However, among other things, specific absorption rate (SAR) can become a challenge due to the relative high current density associated with high-Q antennas. The higher energy stored in the electric and magnetic near-field components can result in higher SAR. Hence, SAR study of high-Q antennas is necessary which, if not addressed, might not comply with the SAR safety guidelines. In this paper, SAR as a function of antenna Q is investigated numerically as well as experimentally at two distinct frequencies (720 and 1700 MHz). It is found that SAR increases as a function of antenna Q when no losses are considered. But when losses are included, there is no more a clear trend between SAR and antenna Q. Thus, the final SAR values depend on total losses of the mock-up (MU).
A decision-theoretic approach to the display of information for time-critical decisions: The Vista project (1993)

We describe a collaborative research and development effort between the Palo Alto Laboratory of the Rockwell Science Center, Rockwell Space Operations Company, and the Propulsion Systems Section of NASA Johnson Space Center to design computational tools that can manage the complexity of information displayed to human operators in high-stakes, time-critical decision contexts. We shall review an application from NASA Mission Control and describe how we integrated a probabilistic diagnostic model, and a time-dependent utility model, with techniques for managing the complexity of computer displays. The, we shall describe the behavior of VPROP, a system constructed to demonstrate promising display-management techniques. Finally, we shall describe our current research directions on the Vista II follow on project.
Agile Full-Duplex Transceiver: The Concept and Self-Interference Channel Characteristics (2016)

S.269-275
Enzymatic Preparation of Glycerides Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid from Thraustochytrid Single Cell Oils by Candida rugosa Lipase. (2002)

Two kinds of single cell oils from thraustochytrids including Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 and Thraustochytrium sp. KK17-3 were hydrolyzed with Candida rugosa lipase to prepare the acylglycerols rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3). When the lipase at 800 units/g-oil was employed for a 24-h hydrolysis of SR21 oil at 37°C, DHA content in the glycerides fraction reached at up to 67.3%, being much higher than that in the original oil (40.5%), even in the absence of surfactants. In particular, monoacylglycerol contained DHA at 85.6%. After removal of free fatty acids, the glycerides fraction was further hydrolyzed to improve its DHA content to 81.3%. On the contrary, an incapability to concentrate docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n-6) in the glycerides suggested that the lipase strictly discriminated in fine structure of respective fatty acids. Although the addition of either Triton X-100 or deoxycholate, but not Tween 20, facilitated the rapid production of monoacylglycerol rich in DHA, its accumulation level was not significantly improved. The lipase was also effective in enriching DHA (63.0%) in glycerides fraction from KK17-3 oil (30.7%). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n-6) present in this oil were released from glycerides faster than DPA and DHA by the hydrolysis. The resistance to hydrolysis of the predominant ester bonds composed of the polyunsaturates and palmitic acid (C16:0) in the oils from SR21 and KK17-3 was in the following order, DHA>>DPA>EPA>AA>C16:0. The thraustochytrid oils are therefore suitable source for the preparation of DHA-rich glycerides, especially monoglycerides.
Mobile Money: Afghanistan (2011)

Jan Chipchase and Panthea Lee with an Introduction by Bill Maurer Mobile Money: Afghanistan INTRODUCTION by Bill Maurer Money and banking services are taken for granted in western countries. The trust and confidence we have in our currency, as well as in our savings and checking accounts, goes largely unquestioned. And yet, in much of the world, that kind of security is unknown. Over half the world’s population lives without reliable bank - ing institutions. They live in a world rife with theft, graft, and bribery. “Cash stuffed under the mattress” is a real phenomenon, and in many places, it’s a more reliable way to guard and access one’s life savings. Money is transferred as it has been for centuries—through informal couriers or hawala brokers who operate on an honor system. There is an opportunity and a need for a new way of sending money to oth ers, and a new way of banking. The near-universal presence of the mobile phone is offering just that opportu- nity, while also providing possibilities for bettering the lives of millions. “Mobile money”—applications for transferring small amounts of money, or offering basic savings accounts and other services—is generating excitement among develop- ment practitioners, the donor community, technologists, microfinance experts, user-interface designers, academics, and many others. Jan Chipchase is Executive Creative Director of Global Insights at frog design, a glob- al design and innovation company. Prior to this role he worked for almost a decade as a strategist in Nokia’s Los Angeles design studio and Principal Scientist in the Nokia Research Center, Tokyo. Panthea Lee is Co-founder & Principal of Reboot, a consultancy dedicated to develop- ing improved services and systems in governance, international development, and civic media. Previously Panthea was with UNICEF’s innovation practice working on a variety of technology for development initiatives. Bill Maurer is director of The Institute for Money, Technology, and Financial Inclusion at the University of California, Irvine. © 2011 frog design innovations / volume 6, number 2
STAQ: A route toward low power, Multicolor nanoscopy (2015)

Nanoscopy has now become a real procedure in fluorescence microscopy of living cells. The STED/RESOLFT family of nanoscopy approaches has the best prospects for delivering high speed imaging, but the history of STED includes a continuing struggle to reduce the deactivation power applied, along with difficulties in achieving simultaneous multicolor images. In this manuscript, we present a concept for a similar real-time nanoscopy, using a new class of bipartite probes that separate the luminescent and quenching functions into two coupled molecules. In particular, the STAQ (Superresolution via Transiently Activated Quencher) example we show herein employs the excited state absorbance (not ground state) of the partner to accept energy from and quench the luminescent dye. The result is that much less deactivation power is needed for superresolved (∼50 nm) imaging. Moreover, the TAQ partner excited by the "donut" beam is shown to quench several different visible dyes via the same mechanism, opening the door to easier multicolor imaging. We demonstrate three dyes sharing the same deactivation and show examples of superresolved multicolor images. We suggest STAQ will facilitate the growth of real-time nanoscopy by reducing confounding photodamage within living cells while expanding the nanoscopist's palette.
Recognition and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by humoral innate immunity pattern recognition molecules (2021)

Summary The humoral arm of innate immunity includes diverse molecules with antibody-like functions, some of which serve as disease severity biomarkers in COVID-19. The present study was designed to conduct a systematic investigation of the interaction of humoral fluid phase pattern recognition molecules (PRM) with SARS-CoV-2. Out of 10 PRM tested, the long pentraxin PTX3 and Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) bound the viral Nucleoprotein and Spike, respectively. MBL bound trimeric Spike, including that of variants of concern, in a glycan- dependent way and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in three in vitro models. Moreover, upon binding to Spike, MBL activated the lectin pathway of complement activation. Genetic polymorphisms at the MBL locus were associated with disease severity. These results suggest that selected humoral fluid phase PRM can play an important role in resistance to, and pathogenesis of, COVID-19, a finding with translational implications.
Integrating several annotation layers for statistical information distillation (2007)

We present a sentence extraction algorithm for Information Distillation, a task where for a given templated query, relevant passages must be extracted from massive audio and textual document sources. For each sentence of the relevant documents (that are assumed to be known from the upstream stages) we employ statistical classification methods to estimate the extent of its relevance to the query, whereby two aspects of relevance are taken into account: the template (type) of the query and its slots (free-text descriptions of names, organizations, topic, events and so on, around which templates are centered). The idiosyncrasy of the presented method is in the choice of features used for classification. We extract our features from charts, compilations of elements from various annotation levels, such as word transcriptions, syntactic and semantic parses, and Information Extraction annotations. In our experiments we show that this integrated approach outperforms a purely lexical baseline by as much as 30% relative in terms of F-measure. We also investigate the algorithm's behavior under noisy conditions, by comparing its performance on ASR output and on corresponding manual transcriptions.
In Memoriam: Karl N. Reid, Jr., 1934–2021 (2021)

Karl Reid, Regents Professor Emeritus and the longest serving dean of the College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology (CEAT) at Oklahoma State University (OSU), unexpectedly passed away on April 14, 2021. He was the senior technical editor of the ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control from 1976 to 1980. During 1980–1981, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) awarded Centennial Medallions to its members commemorating the 100 years of ASMEs service to mankind, and Dr. Reid received one of the 10 awarded to the members of the Dynamic Systems and Control Division (DSCD).Dr. Reid was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas and grew up in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He received his B.S. and M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from OSU. He served in the Army Reserves briefly and later received his D.Sc. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on a Ford Fellowship. He was an Associate Professor at MIT for four years before returning to Stillwater, OK to teach at OSU in 1964. At OSU, he served as the head of the School of Mechanical &amp; Aerospace Engineering from 1976 to 1986 and as the dean of CEAT from 1986 to 2011. In 1988, he was selected as the Outstanding Engineer in Oklahoma. He founded the Web Handling Research Center (WHRC) at OSU, which led the significant fundamental developments in the transport behavior of webs (flexible materials) and roll-to-roll manufacturing by partnering with a number of prominent web handling companies. The WHRC was one of the longest surviving NSF I/UCRC Centers with strong industry support. His scholarly activities as part of this center included fundamental developments in Lateral &amp; Longitudinal Dynamics and Control. He also created the International Web Handling Conference (IWEB), which was held biennially from 1991 to 2019. Karl was an excellent storyteller who was always ready with a story for the occasion; and he was an excellent mentor to students and faculty.Dr. Reid was a Fellow of the ASME and the American Society for Engineering Education. He took a number of leadership positions in DSCD, including serving as the Chair of the DSCD and the ASME director of the American Automatic Control Council (AACC).Dr. Reid is survived by his wife of 64 years, Verna Lou Westmoreland; his son Ryan, wife Patty, their daughter Zoe; and his son Darren, wife Carolina, their daughter Violet, their sons Truman and Cooper.
Automated transfer and injection of hyperpolarized molecules with polarization measurement prior to in vivo NMR (2013)

Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization necessitates the transfer of the hyperpolarized molecules from the polarizer to the imager prior to in vivo measurements. This process leads to unavoidable losses in nuclear polarization, which are difficult to evaluate once the solution has been injected into an animal. We propose a method to measure the polarization of the hyperpolarized molecules inside the imager bore, 3 s following dissolution, at the time of the injection, using a precise quantification of the infusate concentration. This in situ quantification allows for distinguishing between signal modulations related to variations in the nuclear polarization at the time of the injection and signal modulations related to physiological processes such as tissue perfusion. In addition, our method includes a radical scavenging process that leads to a minor reduction in sample concentration and takes place within a couple of seconds following the dissolution in order to minimize the losses due to the presence of paramagnetic polarizing agent in the infusate. We showed that proton exchange between vitamin C, the scavenging molecule and the deuterated solvent shortens the long carboxyl (13)C longitudinal relaxation time in [1-(13)C]acetate. This additional source of dipolar relaxation can be avoided by using deuterated ascorbate. Overall, the method allows for a substantial gain in polarization and also leads to an extension of the time window available for in vivo measurements.
Ratiometric Method for Rapid Monitoring of Biological Processes Using Bioresponsive MRI Contrast Agents (2016)

Bioresponsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents hold great potential for noninvasive tracking of essential biological processes. Consequently, a number of MR sensors for several imaging protocols have been developed, attempting to produce the maximal signal difference for a given event. Here we introduce an approach which could substantially improve the detection of physiological events with fast kinetics. We developed a nanosized, calcium-sensitive dendrimeric probe that changes longitudinal and transverse relaxation times with different magnitudes. The change in their ratio is rapidly recorded by means of a balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging protocol. The employed methodology results in an almost four times greater signal gain per unit of time as compared to conventional T<sub>1</sub>-weighted imaging with small sized contrast agents. Furthermore, it is suitable for high resolution functional MRI at high magnetic fields. This methodology could evolve into a valuable tool for rapid monitoring of various biological events.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Transport in Polymer Membranes. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
1024×1280-pixel dual shutter APS for industrial vision (2003)

We present a 1.3 megapixel CMOS active pixel sensor dedicated to industrial vision. It features both rolling and synchronous shutter. Full frame readout time is 33 ms, and readout speed can be boosted by windowed region of interest (ROI) readout. High dynamic range scenes can be captured using the double and multiples slope functionality. All operation modes and settings can be programmed over a serial or a parallel interface.
Sequencing PCR Products Cloned into Ml3 Vectors (2003)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) facilitates the rapid in vitro amplification of target DNA segments. Numerous applications have been developed to exploit the vast potential of PCR, and many of these require sequence analysis of the DNA product. This chapter describes the dideoxy chain-termination method for sequencing PCR products cloned into M13 and plasmid vectors.
Resilient image sensor networks in lossy channels using compressed sensing (2010)

Data loss in wireless communications greatly affects the reconstruction quality of wirelessly transmitted images. Conventionally, channel coding is performed at the encoder to enhance recovery of the image by adding known redundancy. While channel coding is effective, it can be very computationally expensive. For this reason, a new mechanism of handling data losses in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSN) using compressed sensing (CS) is introduced in this paper. This system uses compressed sensing to detect and compensate for data loss within a wireless network. A combination of oversampling and an adaptive parity (AP) scheme are used to determine which CS samples contain bit errors, remove these samples and transmit additional samples to maintain a target image quality. A study was done to test the combined use of adaptive parity and compressive oversampling to transmit and correctly recover image data in a lossy channel to maintain Quality of Information (QoI) of the resulting images. It is shown that by using the two components, an image can be correctly recovered even in a channel with very high loss rates of 10%. The AP portion of the system was also tested on a software defined radio testbed. It is shown that by transmitting images using a CS compression scheme with AP error detection, images can be successfully transmitted and received even in channels with very high bit error rates.
Abstract 13376: Sleep-Disordered Breathing is Associated With Larger Ventricular Repolarization Instability (2022)

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a common disorder in the general population that is associated with adverse cardiovascular events, such as sudden cardiac death, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Hypothesis: Ventricular repolarization instability is greater in those with severe SDB than those without SDB, independent of other risk factors. Methods: Among the participants of the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), we identified those with SDB who had no diagnosed cardiovascular disease or other factors that could affect cardiac repolarization. Severe SDB was defined as having a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) &gt; 33 events/hour (top 95%ile of the SHHS cohort). We also identified a group of participants matched to the severe SDB group on age, sex, BMI, and race and had RDI &lt; 1.33 events/hour (bottom 25%ile; without SDB). Each group consisted of 61 (45 M and 16 F) participants. Oxygen saturation levels (SpO 2 ) were used to measure hypoxemia burden as the percentage of sleep time with SpO 2 &lt; 90% (T90). Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (SDNN), and QT variability index (QTVI, a measure of ventricular repolarization instability) were calculated from one-lead ECG recordings. Student’s t- test was used to assess statistical associations. Results: The SDB group had a larger T90 than those without SDB (11.39 ± 1.42% vs 1.32 ± 0.61%, P &lt; 0.001). Participants with SDB also had greater mean HR (P = 0.028), SDNN (P = 0.017), and QTVI (P = 0.027) than those without SDB. Based on a multivariable linear model that included hypoxemia burden, age, BMI, and smoking status, T90 was the only independent predictor of QTVI (P = 0.022). Conclusion: SDB is associated with higher HR, HRV, and QTVI, an indicator of increased instability in ventricular repolarization leading to increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The severity of the destabilizing effect of SDB on ventricular repolarization appears to be modified by hypoxemia burden.
Microfabricated field emission devices using carbon nanofibers as cathode elements (2001)

The digital electrostatic electron beam array lithography concept under development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory proposes performing direct write electron beam lithography with a massively parallel array of electron emitters operating simultaneously within a digitally programmable microfabricated field emitter array (FEA). Recently we have concentrated our research efforts on the field emission (FE) properties of deterministically grown vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs). We have measured the FE properties of isolated VACNFs using a moveable current probe and found that they have low FE turn-on fields and can achieve stable emission for extended periods of time in moderate vacuum. In order to use the VACNF in microfabricated FEA devices we have subjected them to a variety of processing phenomenon including reactive ion etching and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and found them to be quite robust. Using these processes we have fabricated operational gated cathode structures with single VACNFs cathodes. The issues involved in this fabrication process and the performance of these devices are discussed.