gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal and mechanical analysis and design of the IBM Power 775 water cooled supercomputing central electronics complex (2012)

Back in 2008 IBM reintroduced water cooling technology into its high performance computing platform, the Power 575 Supercomputing node/system. Water cooled cold plates were used to cool the processor modules which represented about half of the total system (rack) heat load. An air-to-liquid heat exchanger was also mounted in the rear door of the rack to remove a significant fraction of the other half of the rack heat load; the heat load to air. Water cooling enabled a compute node with 34% greater performance (Flops), resulted in a processor temperature 20-30°C lower than that typically provided with air cooling, and reduced the power consumed in the data center to transfer the IT heat to the outside ambient by as much as 45%. The next generation of this platform, the Power 775 Supercomputing node/system, is a significant leap forward in computing performance and energy efficiency. The compute node and system were designed from the start with water cooling in mind. The result, a system with greater than 95% of its heat load conducted directly to water; a system that, together with a rear door heat exchanger, removes 100% of its heat load to water with no requirement for room air conditioning. In addition to the processor, memory, power conversion, and I/O electronics conduct their heat to water. Included within the framework of the system is a disk storage unit (disc enclosure) containing an inter-board air-to-water heat exchanger. This paper will detail key thermal and mechanical design issues associated with the Power 775 server drawer or central electronics complex (CEC). Topics to be addressed include processor and optical I/O Hub Module thermal design (including thermal interfaces); water cooled memory design; module cold plate designs; CEC level water distribution; module level structural analyses for thermal performance; module/board land grid array (LGA) load distribution; effect of load distribution on module thermal interfaces; and the effect of cold plate tubing on module (LGA) loading.
Inhibiting Mcl-1 with an antisense oligonucleotide induces cell death in acute myeloid leukemia cells (2006)

4075 The apoptotic cascade is regulated by multiple families of both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Mcl-1 is a member of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins which is highly expressed in various types of solid and hematological cancers, and has recently been shown to be an important survival factor for hematopoietic stem cells. We have identified and characterized a potent antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibitor of Mcl-1. Transfection of this ASO results in the decreased expression of Mcl-1 protein and the induction of apoptosis in multiple cell types, including HL-60. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Mcl-1 expression and its potential as a therapeutic target in AML cells. We found that Mcl-1 protein level is significantly decreased by MEK inhibition in HL-60 and OCI-AML2 cells suggesting that Mcl-1 expression is regulated through MAPK signaling. Downregulation of Mcl-1 by its antisense oligonucleotide induced cell death accompanied by decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase activation and annexin-V positivity, indicating that Mcl-1 is essential for survival in HL-60 cells. By itself, the MEK inhibitor primarily induced G0/G1 cell cycle block. When combined with Mcl-1-ASO, MEK inhibition further decreased Mcl-1 protein level and cell death induced by Mcl-1-ASO was significantly enhanced. These results show that Mcl-1 has the potential to be a good drug target for AML as well as other cancer types. In vivo studies in mouse models of cancer are being performed with this ASO to better understand this potential.
Efficient software-based online phase classification (2011)

Many programs exhibit execution phases with time-varying behavior. Phase detection has been used extensively to find short and representative simulation points, used to quickly get representative simulation results for long-running applications. Several proposals for hardware-assisted phase detection have also been proposed to guide various forms of optimizations and hardware configurations. This paper explores the feasibility of low overhead phase detection at runtime based entirely on existing features found in modern processors. If successful, such a technology would be useful for cache management, frequency adjustments, runtime scheduling and profiling techniques. The paper evaluates several existing and new alternatives for efficient runtime data collection and online phase detection. ScarPhase (Sample-based Classification and Analysis for Runtime Phases), a new online phase detection library, is presented. It makes extensive usage of the new hardware counter features, introduces a new phase classification heuristic and suggests a way to dynamically adjust the sample rate. ScarPhase exhibits runtime overhead below 2%.
Dominant-negative Pes1 mutants inhibit pre-rRNA processing (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Dominant-negative Pes1 mutants inhibit ribosomal RNA processing and cell proliferation via incorporation into the PeBoW-complex"Nucleic Acids Research 2006;34(10):3030-3043.Published online 31 May 2006PMCID:PMC1474060.© 2006 The Author(s) () Schematic of eukaryotic pre-rRNA processing. The top diagram shows the primary 47S transcript at the correct scale and the position of the probes used in the northern blots. The lower diagram shows the processing of the pre-rRNA schematically. The effects of M1 and M5 overexpression are indicated. () Northern blot for pre-rRNA probed with ITS-2. Total RNA was extracted from subconfluent TGR-1 cells transfected with the indicated constructs after 30 h of induction. Hybridization with a probe against the 18S rRNA confirms equal loading of the blot. () Expression of dominant-negative Pes1 mutants impairs formation of mature 28S rRNA. Asynchronously growing TGR-1 cells were treated with doxycycline for 24 h. Cells were pulse labelled with P-orthophosphate for 1 h and chased in regular medium for 0.5 and 3 h. () Ratio of 32S/28S rRNA at 3 h after metabolic labelling with P-orthophosphate as described in (C).
Architectural Mismatch in Service-Oriented Architectures (2007)

Architectural mismatch results from implicit and conflicting assumptions that designers of components make about the environments in which these components should operate. While architectural mismatch was extensively studied in monolithic and distributed applications, it has not been applied to service-oriented architectures (SOAs). A major contribution of this paper is the analysis of how architectural mismatch affects SOAs. We study how implicit and conflicting assumptions that designers make about web services and their compositions affect the quality of resulting SOA-based systems. We support our analysis with empirical data that we collected from a large-scale SOA-based project within Accenture and other smaller projects.
Machine Learning and its Potential in Electronic Warfare (2022)

Since its creation at the beginning of World II, radars have forever transformed the practice of modern warfare. The evolution of countermeasure conducted by electronic warfare systems against radars and radars’ corresponding counter countermeasures is an intriguing technical subject. This book provides a very accessible introduction to a broad range of radar and electronic warfare technologies. The subjects covered in this book range from early radar development to later technologies such as stealthy techniques, low probability of intercept radar, and machine learning. Historical events are used to illustrate the principles of electronic warfare and to help readers to apprehend contexts under which radars and corresponding electronic warfare techniques were developed.
Stereoselective Reactions. XXXIV.<SUP>1)</SUP> Enantioselective Deprotonation of Prochiral 4-Substituted Cyclohexanones Using Chiral Bidentate Lithium Amides Having a Bulky Group Instead of a Phenyl Group on the Chiral Carbon (2001)

Using chiral bidentate lithium amides having a bulky group instead of a phenyl group on the chiral carbon, enantioselective deprotonation of prochiral 4-substituted cyclohexanones in the presence of excess trimethylsilyl chloride was examined in THF in the absence and in the presence of HMPA. It is shown that enantioselectivity of the reactions decreases as the substituent on the chiral carbon of the chiral lithium amides and the substituent at the 4-position of cyclohexanones become reasonably bulky. An eight-membered cyclic transition state model is proposed for this deprotonation reaction.
The indent reflow sealing (IRS) technique-a method for the fabrication of sealed cavities for MEMS devices (2000)

A variety of microelectromechanical system devices requires encapsulation of their crucial fragile parts in a hermetically sealed cavity for reasons of protection. Hermeticity of the cavity and controllability of the ambient (gas pressure and gas composition) can be critical to the device performance. In order to minimize damage during handling, the cavity is preferably realized at the same time the device is fabricated, i.e., at wafer level. This paper reports the development of a hermetic packaging technique satisfying all the above. The method is referred to as the indent-reflow-sealing (IRS) technique, which relies on a multiple-chip fluxless solder-based joining technique and seal. Key process steps are the creation of an indent in the solder, the plasma pretreatment of the bonding surfaces, the pre-bonding (or sticking) of the chips and, the closing of the indent during a low-temperature (220/spl deg/C-350/spl deg/C) solder reflow in a clean controlled ambient using a designated oven. As opposed to other methods, the IRS method allows a greater flexibility with respect to the choice of the sealing gas and pressure, thereby offering a very hermetic seal and compatibility with low-cost high-throughput batch fabrication techniques. Flip-chip assemblies based on SnPb (67/37) solder and Au as the top surface metallization, have been reflowed in a forming gas ambient and have next been characterized on shear strength, hermeticity, and susceptibility to thermal stresses. The method has been successfully implemented in the process flow of an electromagnetic microrelay for the realization of the cavity housing the electrical contacts.
Propranolol in the Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis by Subtotal Thyroidectomy (1976)

Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in 40 patients with thyrotoxicosis in whom propranolol alone was used as preparation for surgery. Propranolol was given orally in a dose of 40 mg every 6 h for a mean preoperative period of 17 days (range 4-60 days) and continued for seven days after operation. The mean +/- SE blood loss at operation was only 160 +/- 20 ml. The period of follow-up was from three to nine months. Recurrent thyrotoxicosis has not occurred in any patient. Low levels of total serum triiodothyronine (T3) and total serum thyroxine (T4) were observed in the early postoperative weeks in some patients and were associated with symptoms of mild hypothyroidism, but by six months in the presence of a raised serum thyrotropin (TSH) the thyroid hormone levels returned to normal. Permanent hypothyroidism developed in only two patients. Despite normal or low total serum T3 and T4 levels, the TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was absent in all patients one week after operation. At four weeks and at eight weeks, the response was absent or sub-normal in 70% and 20% of the patients respectively, indicating a delay in the recovery of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis previously exposed to high levels of T3 and T4. It is considered that subtotal thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis in patients prepared with propranolol is an acceptable procedure which has some advantages over the conventional preparation with carbimazole and potassium iodide, not the least of which are the potential reduction in preparation time, the more flexible timing of operation, and the reduced operative blood loss.
Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy resins prepared from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a and various aromatic dihydroxyl monomers (1999)

This work describes the synthesis of various phenoxy resins by in situ fusion reaction of aromatic dihydroxyl and low molecular weight liquid diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with an aryl phosphonium salt catalyst. FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra and GPC analyses were performed to characterize the resins. Analyses results indicated that resins have an adequate high molecular weight and physical properties when the reaction occurred after 5–10 min at 225–230°C. In addition, DSC and TGA analyses were performed to investigate the thermal properties of these phenoxy resins. According to these results, the lack of steric hindrance of the molecular structure in these phenoxy resins depressed the changes of Tg and weight loss. A series of phenoxy modified epoxy networks containing narrower polydisperity and higher Mn will exhibit the most significant effect on impact toughness. Moreover, the FTIR spectrum of the phenoxy resin as a function of temperature correlates well with the glass transition temperature. Furthermore, results presented herein demonstrate effective miscibility with thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU). © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2369–2376, 1999
Genetics advances and learning disability (2000)

A basic understanding of these genetic connections is important for all learning disability psychiatrists if they are to follow the rapid changes--already beginning to influence our practice--that hold immense promise for the future.
Abductive and approximate reasoning models for characterizing inference channels (2002)

A serious problem in computer database and knowledge base security is detecting and eliminating so-called inference channels. The existence of such channels enables a user with access to information classified at a low level to infer information classified at a high level, and through the transformation of low level data to high level data may provide an unacceptable information flow. In order to estimate the presence of inference channels, determine the degree of risk which they present, and find ways to eliminate them, one needs a formal model to describe them. The authors introduce abductive reasoning. Abduction provides both the basis for a formal model for the inference problem and a computational mechanism for detecting inference channels. Abduction additionally provides a framework for reasoning with approximate and uncertain information, which enables them to extend the model for inference channels by taking into account the likelihood that a person might believe some statement of interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chronic morphine regulates TRPM8 channels via MOR-PKCβ signaling (2020)

Postoperative shivering and cold hypersensitivity are major side effects of acute and chronic opioid treatments respectively. TRPM8 is a cold and menthol-sensitive channel found in a subset of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors. Deletion or inhibition of the TRPM8 channel was found to prevent the cold hyperalgesia induced by chronic administration of morphine. Here, we examined the mechanisms by which morphine was able to promote cold hypersensitivity in DRG neurons and transfected HEK cells. Mice daily injected with morphine for 5 days developed cold hyperalgesia. Treatment with morphine did not alter the expressions of cold sensitive TREK-1, TRAAK and TRPM8 in DRGs. However, TRPM8-expressing DRG neurons isolated from morphine-treated mice exhibited hyperexcitability. Sustained morphine treatment in vitro sensitized TRPM8 responsiveness to cold or menthol and reduced activation-evoked desensitization of the channel. Blocking phospholipase C (PLC) as well as protein kinase C beta (PKCβ), but not protein kinase A (PKA) or Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), restored channel desensitization. Identification of two PKC phosphorylation consensus sites, S1040 and S1041, in the TRPM8 and their site-directed mutation were able to prevent the MOR-induced reduction in TRPM8 desensitization. Our results show that activation of MOR by morphine 1) promotes hyperexcitability of TRPM8-expressing neurons and 2) induces a PKCβ-mediated reduction of TRPM8 desensitization. This MOR-PKCβ dependent modulation of TRPM8 may underlie the onset of cold hyperalgesia caused by repeated administration of morphine. Our findings point to TRPM8 channel and PKCβ as important targets for opioid-induced cold hypersensitivity.
Melt Rheology of Poly Vinilydene Fluoride: Evidence of Long Chain Branching and Microgel Formation (2008)

Rheological measurements are used to study the influence of molecular weights and molecular weight distributions (MWD) on the melt behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Six commercial PVDF samples with weight‐average molecular weight ranging from 139 to 263 kg/mol and polydispersity index ranging from 2.3 to 4 are investigated. The use of van Gurp‐Palmen (vGP) plots reveals the presence of long‐chain branching (LCB) in three of the samples. They furthermore allow for a qualitative classification of these samples by their LCB degree. The Mark‐Houwink relationship between the intrinsic viscosity and weight‐average molecular weight is determined and shows no dependence on a low degree of LCB. A similar effect is observed for the flow activation energy which increases linearly with increasing weight‐average molecular weight with the exception of the flow activation energy for the highly branched PVDF sample. Samples known to contain microgels are also identifiable by extending the vGP analysis. The generality of this approach is substantiated by removal of the microgel fraction from these samples, which then exhibit conventional melt behavior.
Evaluation of the vagal-sympathetic interaction in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy through power spectrum density analysis of the heart rate. A critical revision of the natural history of diabetic autonomic neuropathy is possible. (1989)

In this paper we apply spectral analysis methods to heart rate variability to assess the autonomic nervous system activity in normal subjects and in patients affected by different degrees of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. The current opinion, based on different clinical tests, is that parasympathetic impairment occurs earlier in autonomic dysfunctions. However, the use of power spectrum density analysis based on a single parameter (heart rate) suggests a simultaneous involvement of parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways leading to the conclusion that perhaps the natural history of diabetic autonomic neuropathy should be substantially rewritten.
Radiolabeled Dibenzodiazepinone-Type Antagonists Give Evidence of Dualsteric Binding at the M2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor (2017)

The dualsteric ligand approach, aiming at ligands with improved subtype selectivity, has been increasingly applied to muscarinic receptors (MRs). In this article, we present the synthesis and characterization of a M<sub>2</sub>R subtype-preferring radiolabeled dibenzodiazepinone-type antagonist ([<sup>3</sup>H]UNSW-MK259, [<sup>3</sup>H]19) and its homodimeric analogue [<sup>3</sup>H]UR-AP060 ([<sup>3</sup>H]33). Saturation binding studies at the M<sub>2</sub>R, using the orthosteric antagonist atropine to determine unspecific binding, proved that the monomeric and the dimeric compound bind to the orthosteric binding site (apparent K<sub>d</sub>: 0.87 and 0.31 nM, respectively). Various binding studies with [<sup>3</sup>H]19 and [<sup>3</sup>H]33 at the M<sub>2</sub>R, for instance, saturation binding experiments in the presence of the allosteric MR modulators W84 (8) or LY2119620 (9) (Schild-like analysis) suggested a competitive mechanism between the allosteric modulator and the dibenzodiazepinone derivatives, and thus a dualsteric binding mode of both 19 and 33. This was consistent with the results of M<sub>2</sub>R MD simulations (≥2 μs) performed with 19 and 33.
Characterization of the Jet-Flow Overpressure Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice (2021)

The jet-flow overpressure chamber (OPC) has been previously reported as a model of blast-mediated traumatic brain injury (bTBI). However, rigorous characterization of the features of this injury apparatus shows that it fails to recapitulate exposure to an isolated blast wave. Through combined experimental and computational modeling analysis of gas-dynamic flow conditions, we show here that the jet-flow OPC produces a collimated high-speed jet flow with extreme dynamic pressure that delivers a severe compressive impulse. Variable rupture dynamics of the diaphragm through which the jet flow originates also generate a weak and infrequent shock front. In addition, there is a component of acceleration-deceleration injury to the head as it is agitated in the headrest. Although not a faithful model of free-field blast exposure, the jet-flow OPC produces a complex multi-modal model of TBI that can be useful in laboratory investigation of putative TBI therapies and fundamental neurophysiological processes after brain injury.
Similarity Search using Concept Graphs (2014)

The rapid proliferation of hand-held devices has led to the development of rich, interactive and immersive applications, such as e-readers for electronic books. These applications motivate retrieval systems that can implicitly satisfy any information need of the reader by exploiting the context of the user's interactions. Such retrieval systems differ from traditional search engines in that the queries constructed using the context are typically complex objects (including the document and its structure).
Spatially–Jointed Flexible Waveband Routing Optical Networks Adopting Shared Path Protection (2022)

We propose a cost-effective and survivable space-division multiplexing optical network architecture that offers spatially-jointed flexible waveband routing (SJ-FWR) and shared path protection. A strategy to group backup paths by sharing frequency resources is developed to take advantage of the switching capability of SJ-FWR. We also show a network design algorithm based on the backup path grouping strategy. Numerical simulations on several network topologies elucidate that the number of fibers necessary is reduced by up to 25% compared to the dedicated path protection approach and a substantial hardware scale reduction is achieved relative to conventional networks with shared path protection.
Quenching of giant magnetoresistance by interface roughening and alloying in annealed [(NixFe1−x)yAu1−y]/Au multilayers (1996)

Antiferromagnetically coupled permalloy/Au multilayers display giant magnetoresistance (GMR) with large changes in resistance in very low fields. We show that thermal annealing of such structures, exhibiting GMR, leads to a quenching of the magnetoresistance. The detailed structure of the permalloy/Au interfaces has been probed using high-resolution cross-section transmission electron microscopy. On annealing, the Au layers interdiffuse into the permalloy layers, which leads both to rougher permalloy/Au interfaces and to ‘‘thinner’’ Au spacer layers. We infer that the latter results in ferromagnetic coupling of the permalloy layers, which accounts for the reduced GMR.