gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Beam Injection, Deflection, and Transport in the UNM Betatron (1989)

We present results from recent experiments on the generation of high-power relativistic electron beams using an upgraded injector and the subsequent injection and transport of these beams in the UNM Betatron. The experiments described were performed with peak beam energies of about 420 keV. The electron beams were deflected onto the main axis of the accelerating ring using a transverse electrostatic field. The dependence of transported beam current on both the vertical and focusing magnetic field strengths is discussed. INJECTOR UPGRADE The electron beam injector, described in detail elsewhere [I], has been upgraded to provide voltages up to 600 kV to a felt cathode electron beam diode, double the original peak voltage. In addition, a novel crowbar utilizing high voltage
Relationship between Deformation-Induced Surface Relief and Double Twinning in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy (2007)

In Mg alloys, twins have been known to be an important deformation mechanism. However, their roles on deformation mechanisms have not been well understood. In this work, we performed tensile test of rolled sheets of AZ31 Mg alloys at room temperature. A number of large surface reliefs were observed in a region near a fractured edge. TEM observation showed the formation of twins under the large surface relief. Crystallographic analysis indicated that the basal planes of the twins were tilted by approximately 37° with respect to the basal planes of the matrix, corresponding to the formation of {1011}-{1012} double twins. This is considered to make basal dislocation slip highly active within the twin. The localized deformation within the twins may lead to the formation of crack-like faults.
Adaptively linearised MMIC power amplifier for W-CDMA applications (2004)

A high-linearity and high-efficiency MMIC power amplifier is proposed that adopts a new on-chip adaptive bias circuit, which simultaneously improves efficiency at the low output power level and linearity at the high output power level. The intelligent W-CDMA power amplifier using the adaptive bias circuit extends the maximum linear output power of 0.6 dB and exhibits an improvement of average power usage efficiency of 1.85 times.
Fiber optic application for thermal switching in vanadium dioxide films (1989)

Large thermally induced changes in the end-interface reflectance and transmittance of silica fibers coated with vanadium dioxide films have been observed.
Common protective antigen (OEP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (1975)

Prior immunization of mice with the protein moiety of the endotoxin (OEP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated by Homma and his associates [1, 2], can protect mice against infection with any of 21 standard strains belonging to Fisher's immunotypes and Homma's serotypes. It is also confirmed that there is found a significant protection in mice each injected with 0.1 ml of anti-OEP rabbit serum against challenge with each of 7 strains of Fisher's immunotypes. It has been revealed through the OEP-HA, agar gel diffusion and indirect fluorescent antibody tests that OEP is an antigen existing serologically in common in P. aeruginosa.
Human treg cells are characterized by low/negative CD6 expression (2014)

Abstract Natural regulatory T cells (nTreg) can suppress different immune‐cell responses and maintain the balance between tolerance and immunity in the individual. These cells are defined by CD4 + , CD25 hi , and FOXP3 + expression, although a variety of other nTreg‐associated markers have been reported to be expressed at different levels (e.g., HLA‐DR, CTLA‐4, GARP, Helios, CD39, etc.), presumably reflecting different functional stages of the heterogeneous nTreg population. Several markers show low/negative expression (i.e., CD127, CD49d, and CD26), but none of these markers are specific to nTreg. CD25 hi expression has been a useful surface marker to identify/isolate nTreg; however, CD25 is also expressed on “adaptive” or “induced” Treg, as well as in activated conventional T cells. In addition, the fact that FOXP3 is also found in CD25 low/negative CD4 + T cells, and in a subset of CD8 + T cells, further complicates the definition of a specific nTreg marker. Although CD4 + , CD25 hi , and CD127 low/negative markers characterize the majority of nTreg, it is still imperative to find additional surface‐marker combinations that improve the identification/isolation of nTreg and their subsets. Herein, we present evidence that CD4 + CD25 hi CD6 lo/− nTreg have high expression of FOXP3and exhibit in vitro suppressive activity on CD8 + T‐cell proliferation. Dot‐plot analyses of CD4 + cells, with CD6, CD127, CD49d, or CD26 reveal that a higher enrichment yield of CD25 hi FOXP3 + cells can be achieved in the combined CD6 lo/− CD127 lo/− population. We conclude that FOXP3 + nTreg cells are characterized by CD6 lo/− expression, providing a new tool for the identification of nTreg cells without recourse to intracellular staining, and for the purification of these cells by negative selection. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Intrinsic Strain Aging, $\Sigma 3$ Boundaries, and Origins of Cellular Substructure in Additively Manufactured 316L (2018)

The observation of sub-grained cellular features in additively manufactured (AM)/selectively laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel components has remained an interesting, though incompletely understood phenomenon. However, the recently observed correlation linking the presence of these features with significantly enhanced mechanical strength in SLM 316L materials has driven a renewed interest and effort toward elucidating the mechanism(s) by which they are formed. To date, the dominant hypothesis, cellular solidification followed by dislocation-solute entanglement, remains incompatible with the ensemble of reported observations from multiple independent studies. This effort offers direct evidence of a previously unrecognized interaction of phenomena, that, when acting in concert, give rise to this commonly observed substructure. These phenomena include SLM-induced intrinsic strain-aging, Cottrell atmosphere formation, and twin-boundary enhanced mass diffusion to structural defects.
<b>Methods for Detecting and Predicting Localized Rapid Deterioration of Track Irregularity Based on Data Measured with High Frequency</b> (2018)

This study describes the development of methods to detect and predict localized rapid deterioration of track irregularity based on data measured with high frequency. First of all, a highly accurate position correction technique was developed. This technique seeks out phases where the correlation coefficient between waveforms of the different measured data reaches a maximum, and corrects these phase gaps. The automatic extraction of localized rapidly deteriorating track irregularity is made possible from the difference in measured data which has already had its position errors corrected. Secondly, a method for predicting track irregularity was developed. This technique predicts the track irregularity stochastically through updates using new measurement data, applying the Bayesian theorem. Finally, these techniques were applied to field data, confirming their effectiveness.
Radiomic Features Associated With HPV Status on Pretreatment Computed Tomography in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Inform Clinical Prognosis (2021)

CT-based radiomic signatures are associated with both HPV status and DFS in OPSCC patients. With additional validation, the radiomic signature and its corresponding nomogram could potentially be used for identifying HPV+ OPSCC patients who might be candidates for therapy deintensification.
Minimally Intrusive Identification of Traffic-Bearing Optical Fibers (2011)

An ongoing problem in any network finds craft personnel opening incorrect optical circuits for diagnosis. We demonstrate an instrument that non-intrusively induces a time-varying loss on optical fibers, thereby uniquely identifying specific circuits.
Monolithic Terahertz Transceivers Integrating QCLs and Schottky Diodes. (2009)

Abstract not provided.
Chemical studies on antioxidant mechanisms and free radical scavenging properties of lignans (2005)

The antioxidant activity, in terms of radical scavenging capacity, of altogether 15 different lignans was measured by monitoring the scavenging of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The effect of differences in skeletal arrangement or the degree of oxidation of the lignans was investigated in a structure-activity relationship study. A large variety in the radical scavenging capacities of the different lignans was observed and related to some structural features. Lignans with catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) moieties exhibited the highest radical scavenging capacity, while the corresponding guaiacyl (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) lignans showed a slightly weaker scavenging capacity. In addition, the butanediol structure was found to enhance the activity, whereas a higher degree of oxidation at the benzylic positions decreased the activity. Additionally, the readily available lignans (-)-secoisolariciresinol, a mixture of hydroxymatairesinol epimers and (-)-matairesinol were studied in more detail, including kinetic measurements and identification of oxidation products in the reactions with DPPH and ABAP (2,2-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride. The identification of reaction products, by GC-MS, HPLC-MS and NMR spectroscopy, showed that dimerisation of the two aromatic moieties was the major radical termination reaction. Also, the formation of adducts was a predominant reaction in the experiments with ABAP. The kinetic data obtained from the reactions between the lignans and DPPH indicated a complex reaction mechanism.
Electroactive nanostructured polymer actuators fabricated using sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymer/montmorillonite/ionic liquid nanocomposite membranes (2014)

High-bendable, air-operable ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) actuators composed of electroactive nanostructured middle-block sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymer (SSPB)/sulfonated montmorillonite (s-MMT) nanocomposite electrolyte membranes with bulky imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) incorporated were fabricated and their bending actuation performances were evaluated. The SSPB-based IPMC actuators showed larger air-operable bending displacements, higher displacement rates, and higher energy efficiency of actuations without conventional IPMC bottlenecks, including back relaxation and actuation instability during actuation in air, than the Nafion counterpart. Incorporation of s-MMT into the SSPB matrix further enhanced the actuation performance of the IPMC actuators in terms of displacement, displacement rate, and energy efficiency. The remarkably high performance of the SSPB/s-MMT/IL IPMCs was considered to be due to the microphase-separated large ionic domains of the SSPB (the average diameter of the ionic domain: ca. 20 nm) and the role of s-MMT as an ionic bridge between the ionic domains, and the ion pumping effect of the bulky imidazolium cations of the ILs as well. The microphase-separated nanostructure of the composite membranes caused a high dimensional stability upon swelling in the presence of ILs, which effectively preserved the original electrode resistance against swelling, leading to a high actuation performance of IPMC.
Size Control of Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Gas-Phase Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Nanoparticle catalysts are essential and indispensable for all syntheses of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We have prepared size-controlled Co, Co-Mo, and Fe-Mo nanoparticles by the reversed micelle method as the catalysts for the gas-phase pyrolytic synthesis of SWCNTs. From the investigation of the relation between the sizes of the nanoparticles and the alkyl-chain lengths of the cationic surfactants, dialkyldimethylammonium bromides, it has been found that the alkyl groups of the surfactants could play a role in controlling the sizes of the nanoparticles and that the alkyl chain of the surfactant should be preferably less than 10 carbon atoms at most to prepare smaller-size nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. The reduction of the particle size increases the number of nanoparticles in the colloidal solution and leads to a higher yield of SWCNTs.
International Medical Graduates in the United States: A View from an ECFMG Certificant (2006)

The author was instilled with a passion for mathematics and physics by his father, who taught those subjects in a small Algerian town. Another indelible influence came during a high school mathematics class when his teacher gave the class a problem to solve. Little did the students know that it was Fermat's Last Theorem, which stumped them, and before that, every mathematician since 1630. This experience taught the author that failing to get the final answer was part of learning. He became enchanted with imaging techniques and after earning his medical degree in Algeria, came to study at Johns Hopkins. There he received the training he desired in diagnostic radiology. The author believes science has no borders and would like to see the opportunities that were extended to him in 1975 given to immigrants today. Although the United States produces many graduates in the sciences and mathematics, the nation still has a shortfall and must, he argues, work harder to educate and inspire this country's youth in addition to welcoming the brightest and most able scientists from around the world. He also discusses the crucial role of the National Institutes of Health in furthering global health by funding international biomedical research and by transforming medicine in the 21st century.
The development of an autonomous space robot operation testbed: ASROT (1993)

We have developed a two-dimensional operation testbed for an autonomous free-flying space robot such as an orbital manoeuvring vehicle. This system has been named ASROT (autonomous space robot operation testbed). Basically, ASROT consists of a satellite robot, a target, a host computer, and a planar base. The host computer is used only for observation and data gathering of the system. The satellite robot is a satellite which can accomplish various tasks with a manipulator. The satellite is 620 mm (W) x 805 mm (H) x 620 mm (L), and weighs 120 kg. This system floats on a planar base using air pads, and is able to fly around using thrusters for position control and a control moment gyro for attitude control. The manipulator is a 1.4 m long flexible arm. This paper proposes an operating system needed for real-time autonomous control. The satellite robot contains hardware systems such as vision systems, board computers, and image processing units, and software systems such as algorithms for path planning.
An Atomistic Description of Dealloying (2004)

We describe the microscopic details of porosity formation during dealloying as illuminated by a kinetic Monte Carlo model incorporating site coordination-dependent surface diffusion of all alloy components, and site coordination-dependent dissolution of the less-noble atoms. Our simulation model reproduces the entire range of phenomena associated with selective dissolution. These phenomena include composition and geometric restrictions on dealloying (parting limits), a composition-dependent critical potential, a passivation regime, a regime of steady-state dissolution flux, and porosity formation. We find that an intrinsic critical potential exists as a well-defined threshold potential separating surface passivation and porosity formation behaviors, but this intrinsic critical potential typically sits at values well below the experimental measurements of the empirical critical potential. Finally, by detailed examination of the temperature dependence of the dissolution flux, and also of the types of surface sites contributing to the dissolution flux, we predict that the binding energy of a terrace atom may be straightforwardly extracted from analysis of experimental polarization curves. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Retrospective benefit estimation of motorcycle ABSs based on Swiss insurance data (2023)

These numbers are in line with the results of other studies estimating the benefit of motorcycle ABSs. This study updates and adds to previous European studies by using insurance data.
Expert Consensus Guidelines on Minimally Invasive Donor Hepatectomy for Living Donor Liver Transplantation From Innovation to Implementation (2020)

The Expert Consensus on MIDH has produced a set of clinical guidelines based on available evidence and clinical expertise. These guidelines are presented for a safe implementation and development of MIDH in LDLT Centers with the goal of optimizing donor safety, donor care, and recipient outcomes.
Development and Mechanistic Studies of (E)-Selective Isomerization/Tandem Hydroarylation Reactions of Alkenes with a Nickel(0)/Phosphine Catalyst (2021)

A stereoselective alkene isomerization and sequential hydroarylation with arylboronic acid using a nickel(0) catalyst has been developed. The bulky monophosphine PAd2(n-Bu) is an effective ligand in these reactions to furnish both various stereo-defined internal alkenes and hydroarylation products (isomerization: up to 98%, E/Z = 98:2; tandem hydroarylation: up to 82%). Mechanistic studies based on experiments and computational calculations suggested that the isomerization proceeds via an intra- or intermolecular hydrogen shift. Furthermore, a concerted multibond recombination with boronic acid-assisted oxidative protometallation of the alkene was found to be a reasonable mechanism for the formation of the alkylnickel(II) species from the alkene, nickel(0), alcohol, and boronic acid in the hydroarylation.
Microfabricated 384-Lane Capillary Array Electrophoresis Bioanalyzer for Ultrahigh-Throughput Genetic Analysis (2002)

A microfabricated 384-lane capillary array electrophoresis device is developed and utilized for massively parallel genetic analysis. The 384 capillary lanes, arrayed radially about the center of a 200-mm-diameter glass substrate sandwich, are constructed using scalable microfabrication techniques derived from the semiconductor industry. Samples are loaded into reservoirs on the perimeter of the wafer, separated on the 8-cm-long poly(dimethylacrylamide) gel-filled channels, and detected with a four-color rotary confocal fluorescence scanner. The performance and throughput of this bioanalyzer are demonstrated by simultaneous genotyping 384 individuals for the common hemochromatosis-linked H63D mutation in the human HFE gene in only 325 s. This lab-on-a-chip device thoroughly exploits the power of microfabrication to produce high-density capillary electrophoresis arrays and to use them for high-throughput bioanalysis.
A common-period four-satellite continuous global coverage constellation (1987)

Nomenclature A = semimajor axis of satellite orbit, in units of the Earth's equatorial radius r a = semimajor axis, n.mi. e = eccentricity h = satellite altitude, n.mi. J2 coefficient of the second harmonic of the Earth's potential function i = inclination, deg M =mean anomaly, deg P = semiparameter, = a ( 1 e) p = perpendicular distance from Earth center to satellite plane, n.mi. r = satellite radius, n.mi. Re =mean radius of Earth, =3442 n.mi. Amax = radial perturbation, ft Sl9S2,S3,S4 = satellite designator Si ,$2,£3,£4 = satellite surborbital points T = constellation period, h a = satellite visibility angle (look angle) above horizon, deg co = argument of perigee, deg cb = rotation of perigee, deg/yr Q = right ascension of ascending node, deg Q = regression of line of nodes, deg/yr H = Earth's gravitational constant, = 1.4077xl0ftVs
Network processor acceleration for a Linux* netfilter firewall (2005)

Network firewalls occupy a central role in computer security, protecting data, compute, and networking resources while still allowing useful packets to flow. Increases in both the work per network packet and packet rate make it increasingly difficult for general-purpose processor based firewalls to maintain line rate. In a bid to address these evolving requirements we have prototyped a hybrid firewall, using a simple firewall running on a network processor to accelerate a Linux* Netfilter Firewall executing on a general purpose processor. The simple firewall on the network processor provides high rate packet processing for all the packets while the general-purpose processor delivers high rate, full featured firewall processing for those packets that need it. This paper describes the hybrid firewall prototype with a focus on the software created to accelerate Netfilter with a network processor resident firewall. Measurements show our hybrid firewall able to maintain close to 2 Gb/sec line rate for all packet sizes, a significant improvement over the original firewall. We also include the hard won lessons learned while implementing the hybrid firewall.
A Digital Neurosynaptic Core Using Event-Driven QDI Circuits (2012)

We design and implement a key building block of a scalable neuromorphic architecture capable of running spiking neural networks in compact and low-power hardware. Our innovation is a configurable neurosynaptic core that combines 256 integrate-and-fire neurons, 1024 input axons, and 1024×256 synapses in 4.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon using a 45nm SOI process. We are able to achieve ultra-low energy consumption 1) at the circuit-level by using an asynchronous design where circuits only switch while performing neural updates, 2) at the core-level by implementing a 256 neural fan out in a single operation using a crossbar memory, and 3) at the architecture-level by restricting core-to-core communication to spike events, which occur relatively sparsely in time. Our implementation is purely digital, resulting in reliable and deterministic operation that achieves for the first time one-to-one correspondence with a software simulator. At 45pJ per spike, our core is readily scalable and provides a platform for implementing a wide array of real-time computations. As an example, we demonstrate a sound localization system using coincidence-detecting neurons.
Impact of surgical ventricular restoration on ventricular shape, wall stress, and function in heart failure patients (2011)

Surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) was designed to treat patients with aneurysms or large akinetic walls and dilated ventricles. Yet, crucial aspects essential to the efficacy of this procedure like optimal shape and size of the left ventricle (LV) are still debatable. The objective of this study is to quantify the efficacy of SVR based on LV regional shape in terms of curvedness, wall stress, and ventricular systolic function. A total of 40 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after SVR. Both short-axis and long-axis MRI were used to reconstruct end-diastolic and end-systolic three-dimensional LV geometry. The regional shape in terms of surface curvedness, wall thickness, and wall stress indexes were determined for the entire LV. The infarct, border, and remote zones were defined in terms of end-diastolic wall thickness. The LV global systolic function in terms of global ejection fraction, the ratio between stroke work (SW) and end-diastolic volume (SW/EDV), the maximal rate of change of pressure-normalized stress (dσ*/dt(max)), and the regional function in terms of surface area change were examined. The LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were significantly reduced, and global systolic function was improved in ejection fraction, SW/EDV, and dσ*/dt(max). In addition, the end-diastolic and end-systolic stresses in all zones were reduced. Although there was a slight increase in regional curvedness and surface area change in each zone, the change was not significant. Also, while SVR reduced LV wall stress with increased global LV systolic function, regional LV shape and function did not significantly improve.