gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical behavior and magnetocaloric effect in layered structure Tb2C (2016)

The critical behavior and magnetocaloric effects of the layered structure Tb2C have been investigated using magnetization measurements around the Curie temperature. Analyzing temperature and field dependence of magnetization reveals that the Tb2C system undergoes a second-order magnetic phase transition at TC = 266 K. Critical exponents obtained from modified Arrott, Kouvel–Fisher (KF) and scaling plots are consistent with each other. The critical exponents suggest that the magnetic phase transition in Tb2C can be described by the mean-field model. The exchange energy declines as J(r) ~ r−4.547, indicating that long-range interaction dominates the exchange interaction. Consequently, the field dependence magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) of Tb2C, calculated using the Maxwell relation, clearly demonstrates that the relationship between −ΔSM and (H/TC)2/3 obeys the mean-field theory, supporting our conclusion of the ferromagnetism phase transition in Tb2C following the mean-field theory.
Ion fluxes and energies increase with pressure in EUV-induced H2 plasmas (2016)

The next-generation lithography tools currently use Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) radiation to create even smaller features on computer chips. Wherever the light travels, the high energy photons (92 eV) induce a plasma in the low pressure background gas by photoionization. Industries have realized that these plasmas are of signicant importance with respect to machine lifetime, because impacting ions aect exposed surfaces. The mass resolved ion energy distribution function (IEDF) is therefore one of the main plasma parameters of interest. In this research an ion mass spectrometer is used to investigate mass resolved IEDFs of ions impacting on a surface in EUV-induced plasmas. A xenon pinch discharge produces EUV radiation, which is focused into a measuring vessel with a low pressure hydrogen environment. In this vessel, photoionization creates free electrons with energies up to 76 eV, which further ionize the background gas by electron impact ionization. The infuence of the pressure on plasma composition and IEDFs has been investigated in the range of 0.1 to 10 Pa. In general the ion fuxes towards the surface increase with pressure. However, above 5 Pa the flux of H2+ is not affected by the increase in pressure, which is explained by the balance between the creation of H2+ and the conversion of H2+ to H3+ due to reaction with background gas molecules (H2). These measurement results will be used to benchmark plasma scaling models and verify numerical simulations.
New efficient total syntheses of derivatives of protoporphyrin‐IX bearing deuteriated methyl groups (1983)

Abstract New total syntheses of hemins which are regioselectively deuteriated in the 1,5 (2), 5 (3) or 8 (4) methyl groups are described. Syntheses of hemins 2 and 3 follow the progression from pyrromethane 12 to t ‐butyl tripyrrene‐carboxylate hydrobromide (17 and 30) and then to a,c ‐biladiene dihydrobromide (19 and 31), but for reasons of economy in use of labeled monopyrroles, the o,c‐biladiene dihydrobromide 40 for hemin 4 is approached in an initially “clockwise” manner by synthesis of a benzyl tripyrrene‐carboxylate hydrobromide 37 from the pyrromethane 5. Cyclization of the a,c ‐biladienes (19, 31, and 40) was accomplished by brief heating in dimethylformamide in the presence of copper(II) chloride.
Another look at non-uniformity. (2012)

Abstract. We argue that it is unnatural and undesirable to use the non-uniform model of complexity for practice-oriented security reductions in cryptography. 1.
A Wideband Non-Contact Voltage Sensing (2023)

A non-contact voltage sensing is one of the non-intrusive and galvanic methods for observing signal waveform. Frequency degradation due to the dielectric relaxation of PVC is a technical issue for the wideband (100 Hz ∼ 100 MHz) sensing. In this paper, reconstruction of the frequency response using Havriliak-Negami (HM) model is discussed.
Climate Change Impacts on Residential and Commercial Loads in the Western U.S. Grid (2008)

This report presents a multi-disciplinary modeling approach to quickly quantify climate change impacts on energy consumption, peak load, and load composition of residential and commercial buildings. This research focuses on addressing the impact of temperature changes on the building cooling load in 10 major cities across the Western United States and Canada. Our results have shown that by the mid-century, building yearly energy consumption and peak load will increase in the Southwest. Moreover, the peak load months will spread out to not only the summer months but also spring and autumn months. The Pacific Northwest will experience more hot days in the summer months. The penetration of the air conditioning (a/c) system in this area is likely to increase significantly over the years. As a result, some locations in the Pacific Northwest may be shifted from winter peaking to summer peaking. Overall, the Western U.S. grid may see more simultaneous peaks across the North and South in summer months. Increased cooling load will result in a significant increase in the motor load, which consumes more reactive power and requires stronger voltage support from the grid. This study suggests an increasing need for the industry to implement new technology to increase the efficiency of temperature-sensitive loads and apply proper protection and control to prevent possible adverse impacts of a/c motor loads.
[Continuous intracorporeal glucose measurement using enzyme electrodes]. (1990)

An enzyme electrode (GOD, Pt-Ag/AgCl) is introduced for amperometric measurement of the intracorporal glucose concentration in the subcutaneous tissue. Changes of the glucose concentration in the peripheral blood (PG) were induced by glucose- respectively insulin-infusion in healthy dogs. PG was compared with values found by out means of a sensor implanted in the necks of the dogs (SG). The regression equation SG = 0.81 PG - 1.39 was calculated by analysing 62 steady state levels. The regression delta SG = 0.83 delta PG + 0.22 submitted for the deviation of the normoglycemic base-level. A sensibility loss of the sensor of about 10% appears after an implantation duration of 7.5 hours in medium. Conclusions for the further development of the sensors follows especially with the in vivo functions (biocompatibility, diminution, sterilisation).
Single-Mode Design Guidelines for 19-Cell Double-Cladding Photonic Crystal Fibers (2012)

Yb-doped double-cladding photonic crystal fibers have become key components for power scaling in fiber laser systems, by providing many advantages, especially an ultra large effective area. The single-mode regime, which is a mandatory requirement for high quality laser beams, can be obtained in such large core active fibers only through a careful design. In this paper the cut-off properties of 19-cell photonic crystal fibers have been thoroughly investigated with the avoided-crossing approach, in order to find guidelines for the design of single-mode fibers. The air-hole diameter and the core refractive index have been changed, as well as the number of air-hole rings in the fiber inner cladding. Simulation results have shown that, regardless of the air-hole ring number, the guided-mode cut-off properties are strongly influenced by the main design parameters, especially by the core refractive index. In particular, a wider single-mode wavelength range can be obtained in 19-cell fibers with small air-holes and low core refractive index. Moreover, double-cladding photonic crystal fibers with larger inner-cladding provide better guided-mode cut-off properties, which can have positive effects on the amplification process in practical applications.
90-GHz Linear-Cell Systems for Public Transportation Systems (2018)

This paper reviews 90-GHz high-speed wireless links and high-resolution radars based on linear-cell systems consisting of radio-over-fibre for waveform distribution. We focus on applications for public transportation systems including airport runways, railways, etc.
NMR Structures of the C-Terminal Segment of Surfactant Protein B in Detergent Micelles and Hexafluoro-2-propanol (2004)

Although the membrane-associated surfactant protein B (SP-B) is an essential component of lung surfactant, which is itself essential for life, the molecular basis for its activity is not understood. SP-B's biophysical functions can be partially mimicked by subfragments of the protein, including the C-terminus. We have used NMR to determine the structure of a C-terminal fragment of human SP-B that includes residues 63-78. Structure determination was performed both in the fluorinated alcohol hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) and in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. In both solvents, residues 68-78 take on an amphipathic helical structure, in agreement with predictions made by comparison to homologous saposin family proteins. In HFIP, the five N-terminal residues of the peptide are largely unstructured, while in SDS micelles, these residues take on a well-defined compact conformation. Differences in helical residue side chain positioning between the two solvents were also found, with better agreement between the structures for the hydrophobic face than the hydrophilic face. A paramagnetic probe was used to investigate the position of the peptide within the SDS micelles and indicated that the peptide is located at the water interface with the hydrophobic face of the helix oriented inward, the hydrophilic face of the helix oriented outward, and the N-terminal residues even farther from the micelle center than those on the hydrophilic face of the alpha-helix. Interactions of basic residues of SP-B with anionic lipid headgroups are known to have an impact on function, and these studies demonstrate structural ramifications of such interactions via the differences observed between the peptide structures determined in HFIP and SDS.
Oxidized LDL, a critical factor in atherogenesis☆ (2005)

There is a great deal of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence suggesting that disorders of lipid metabolism play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.To date, there have been many studies investigating the mechanisms by which high levels of LDL-cholesterol affect biology of vessels and cause atherosclerotic lesion formation [1,2].It has become abundantly clear over the last decade that the oxidatively modified form of LDL (ox-LDL) is more important than native LDL in atherogenesis.The study in this issue of Cardiovascular Research by Zhu et al. [3] demonstrates that ox-LDL downregulates ATPbinding cassette transporter-1 (ABCA1) in endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting liver X receptor (LXR) activation.Ox-LDL also attenuates LXR activation by blocking LXR ligand binding and interfering with the generation of 27-hydroxycholesterol, an LXR endogenous ligand.Further, ox-LDL inhibits exogenous cholesterol and oxysterol-induced endothelial ABCA1 induction.Such activity of ox-LDL may contribute to endothelial dysfunction since ABCA1 mediates the active efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids, playing an important role in cholesterol homeostasis and thereby atherogenesis.
Continuous assessment of perfusion by tagging including volume and water extraction (CAPTIVE): A steady‐state contrast agent technique for measuring blood flow, relative blood volume fraction, and the water extraction fraction (1998)

A new technique, CAPTIVE, that is a synthesis of arterial spin labeling (ASL) blood flow and steady-state susceptibility contrast relative blood volume imaging is described. Using a single injection of a novel, long half-life intravascular magnetopharmaceutical with a high tissue:blood susceptibility difference (deltachi) to deltaR1 ratio, changes in tissue transverse relaxivity (deltaR2 or deltaR2*) that arise from changes in blood volume were measured, while preserving the ability to measure blood flow using traditional T1-based ASL techniques. This modification permits the continuous measurement of both blood flow and blood volume. Also, because the contrast agent can be used to remove the signal from intravascular spins, it is possible to measure the first-pass water extraction fraction. Contrast-to-noise is easily traded off with repetition rate, allowing the use of non-EPI scanners and more flexible imaging paradigms. The basic theory of these measurements, several experimental scenarios, and validating results are presented. Specifically, the PaCO2-reactivity of microvascular and total relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and the water extraction-flow product (EF) in rats with the new contrast agent MPEG-PL-DyDTPA is measured, and the values are concordant with those of previous literature. As an example of one possible application, continuous flow and volume measurements during transient focal ischemia are presented. It is believed that CAPTIVE imaging will yield a more complete picture of the hemodynamic state of an organ, and has further application for understanding the origins of the BOLD effect.
Assessing the Impact of Electronic Health Record Interventions on Hepatitis B Screening and Vaccination (2018)

Electronic health record interventions implemented using a community-engaged approach may improve delivery of appropriate care to patients at risk for hepatitis B in a community health setting.
The Cooling Impact of a Pair of Opposed Unsteady Confined Impinging Air Jets (2005)

A numerical investigation was performed at two Reynolds numbers to analyze the flow-field and heat transfer characteristics for a pair of laminar jets impinging on opposite walls in a channel. The present study is a continuation of the authors’ earlier work [1] in which the jets flowing out normal to the top channel wall produce a large stagnant bubble between the two jets which greatly reduce the heat transfer removal from the lower wall. In this case, the lower Reynolds number jet flow of 300 produces a symmetric, steady flow hydrodynamic pattern with the jets being deflected laterally. By further increasing the Reynolds number to 750, a complex asymmetric and highly unsteady flow develops between the two jets due to the opposite jet flow interaction. The convective heat transfer coefficients and the unsteady flow development between the jets are studied for each case. The flow unsteadiness is also characterized by analyzing the stagnation point displacement on the channel walls. The complex vortex patterns resulting from the jet interaction at the higher Reynolds number is investigated and its impact on the chip/microelectronics component cooling is thoroughly documented. This paper was also originally published as part of the Proceedings of the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference.
New constraints on the Yukawa-type hypothetical interaction from the recent Casimir force measurement (1997)

We calculate the constraints on the constants of hypothetical long-range interactions which follow from the recent measurement of the Casimir force. A comparison with previous constraints is given. The new constraints are up to a factor of 3000 stronger in some parameter regions.
SystemSens (2011)

By deploying several research applications, we found that capturing usage context (e.g., CPU and memory) is highly valuable for debugging and interpreting results, even if that context information appears unrelated to the application. We have developed a general tool called SystemSens to help researchers capture usage context in their deployments in an extendible way. This paper describes and motivates the design choices underlying our tool and evaluates its overheads in terms of phone resources and data.
Extended haplotype-phasing of long-read de novo genome assemblies using Hi-C (2021)

Haplotype-resolved genome assemblies are important for understanding how combinations of variants impact phenotypes. To date, these assemblies have been best created with complex protocols, such as cultured cells that contain a single-haplotype (haploid) genome, single cells where haplotypes are separated, or co-sequencing of parental genomes in a trio-based approach. These approaches are impractical in most situations. To address this issue, we present FALCON-Phase, a phasing tool that uses ultra-long-range Hi-C chromatin interaction data to extend phase blocks of partially-phased diploid assembles to chromosome or scaffold scale. FALCON-Phase uses the inherent phasing information in Hi-C reads, skipping variant calling, and reduces the computational complexity of phasing. Our method is validated on three benchmark datasets generated as part of the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP), including human, cow, and zebra finch, for which high-quality, fully haplotype-resolved assemblies are available using the trio-based approach. FALCON-Phase is accurate without having parental data and performance is better in samples with higher heterozygosity. For cow and zebra finch the accuracy is 97% compared to 80-91% for human. FALCON-Phase is applicable to any draft assembly that contains long primary contigs and phased associate contigs.
Control of contextual memory through interneuronal α5-GABAA receptors (2023)

γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors that incorporate α5 subunits (α5-GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs) are highly enriched in the hippocampus and are strongly implicated in control of learning and memory. Receptors located on pyramidal neuron dendrites have long been considered responsible, but here we report that mice in which α5-GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs have been eliminated from pyramidal neurons (α5-pyr-KO) continue to form strong spatial engrams and that they remain as sensitive as their pseudo-wild-type (p-WT) littermates to etomidate-induced suppression of place cells and spatial engrams. By contrast, mice with selective knockout in interneurons (α5-i-KO) no longer exhibit etomidate-induced suppression of place cells. In addition, the strength of spatial engrams is lower in α5-i-KO mice than p-WT littermates under control conditions. Consistent with the established role of the hippocampus in contextual fear conditioning, α5-i-KO mice resisted etomidate's suppression of freezing to context, but so too did α5-pyr-KO mice, supporting a role for extra-hippocampal regions in the development of contextual fear memory. Overall, our results indicate that interneuronal α5-GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs serve a physiological role in promoting spatial learning and that they mediate suppression of hippocampus-dependent contextual memory by etomidate.
Use of immunotoxins in combination to inhibit clonogenic growth of human breast carcinoma cells. (1990)

Substantial heterogeneity has been observed in the expression of individual antigens within tumor cell populations. Immunotoxins which bind to different cell surface antigens might exert additive or synergistic cytotoxicity when used in combination to eliminate all clonogenic cells within a tumor. Immunotoxins have been prepared by conjugating recombinantly derived toxin A chain to different monoclonal reagents which recognize cell surface determinants of Mr 42,000 (317G5), 55,000 (260F9), and 200,000 (741F8). Each immunotoxin was evaluated for binding, internalization, and cytotoxicity with four breast cancer cell lines. Each of the three immunotoxins bound to the SKBr3 cell line and exerted antitumor activity in a limiting dilution clonogenic assay. Simultaneous treatment with two immunotoxins produced additive antitumor activity with each of the possible combinations. Additive binding could be demonstrated by immunofluorescent techniques, however, with only one of three combinations. With two of the three combinations, subpopulations of tumor cells could be identified which lacked one or the other antigenic determinant but not both. Consequently, log-additive antitumor activity was produced by immunotoxins in combination, and heterogeneity of antigenic targets may have contributed to the combined cytotoxicity in some but not all cases.
Mechanistic Enhancement of SOFC Cathode Durability (2016)

Durability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) under “real world” conditions is an issue for commercial deployment. In particular cathode exposure to moisture, CO2, Cr vapor (from interconnects and BOP), and particulates results in long-term performance degradation issues. Here, we have conducted a multi-faceted fundamental investigation of the effect of these contaminants on cathode performance degradation mechanisms in order to establish cathode composition/structures and operational conditions to enhance cathode durability.
Performance Improvement of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage by Increasing Degree of Reaction and Optimizing Blade Loading of a 3D Impeller (2010)

Performance improvement of 3D impellers in a high specific speed range was investigated using computational fluid dynamics analyses and experimental tests. In order to reduce the loss production within the stator passages, the backsweep angle of the impellers was increased. At the same time, the inlet-to-exit relative velocity diffusion ratio was also increased by increasing the impeller exit width to prevent the reduction in the pressure ratio. Moreover, the blade loading distribution at the impeller shroud side was optimized to suppress the surge margin reduction caused by the increased relative velocity diffusion ratio. Five types of unshrouded impellers were designed, manufactured, and tested to evaluate the effects of blade loading, backsweep angle, and relative velocity diffusion ratio on the compressor performance. The design suction flow coefficient was 0.125 and the machine Mach number was 0.87. Test results showed that the compressor stage efficiency was increased by 5% compared with the base design without reducing the pressure coefficient and surge margin. It was concluded that an increased relative velocity diffusion ratio coupled with large backsweep angle was a very effective way to improve the compressor stage efficiency. An appropriate blade loading distribution was also important in order to achieve a wide operating range as well as high efficiency.
Signals via TCR and common-γ-chain receptors concurrently coordinate the generation of antigen-specific human Th17 (163.3) (2012)

Abstract IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17) can confer protective and therapeutic immunity against microbial infections and cancers. However, mechanisms for the induction of antigen-derived peptide-specific human Th17 remain unknown. To study this, we employed an in vitro system in which influenza viral antigen HA1 was delivered to dendritic cells (DCs) via Dectin-1. Notably, MHC II/peptide complexes presented by DCs expanded memory Th17, but could not induce HA1-specific Th17 even with Th17-promoting cytokines. We found that signals via TCR and common-γ-chain receptors, which utilize Stat1/3, first induce naïve CD4+ T cells to express IL-1R1 followed by programming naïve CD4+ T cells to express Rorc in response to IL-1β in a MyD88 dependent manner. IL-6-mediated Stat3 activation simply amplifies IL-1β-MyD88-mediated Rorc expression. A failure in any of those signaling components, Stat1, Stat3, or MyD88, significantly diminished HA1-specific Th17 induction. Thus, the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into pathogen-specific human Th17 cells requires interplays between innate and adaptive immune signals.