gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Soft Information in Relay Networks (2006)

We classify relay forwarding schemes on the basis of soft and hard information. While soft information is highly beneficial, it may also incur additional expenditure of network resources such as power and bandwidth. The relay functionality optimization problem is therefore related to optimizing soft information. With SNR as a metric, we show that the optimal soft information relay mechanism for uncoded communication is the estimate and forward (EF) policy. We demonstrate that EF is well suited to both parallel and serial relay networks due to its optimized soft information content. We also provide an example of a hybrid network where the performance gain from EF is significant.
Front Matter: Volume 7246 (2009)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7246, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing
Effect of Biventricular Pacing on Symptoms and Cardiac Remodelling in Patients with End-Stage Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2008)

BiV pacing improved heart failure symptoms in a significant proportion of patients with end-stage HCM. Symptomatic improvement was associated with reverse remodelling of the left atrium and ventricle.
ROADSIDE SAFETY: ARE WE MEETING NEEDS? (1994)

This brief article reports that passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 has generated research on the performance of various roadside safety appurtenances with respect to light trucks. The Texas Transportation Institute is investigating whether light trucks--including vans, minivans, pickup trucks, and 4-wheel drive vehicles--behave differently on impact than previously tested passenger vehicles. Design differences can have dramatic effects on impact performance; consequently, research will help determine which combinations of roadside features and subclasses of light trucks represent the greatest potential for safety problems.
Mass spectrometry as a tool for identifying group D2 corynebacteria by their fatty acid profiles (1991)

Corynebacterium group D2 (CGD2) are lipophilic antibiotic-multiresistant bacteria involved in some infections of immunocompromised patients. The fatty acid composition and structure of different strains was established by several mass spectrometric methods, particularly negative ion tandem mass spectrometry coupled with capillary gas chromatography. Non-hydroxylated fatty acid profiles of three strains of CGD2 (ATCC 43042, ATCC 43043, ATCC 43044) were almost identical and revealed the presence of several straight chain unsaturated fatty acids from the omega-9 series, with even carbon numbers ranging from 14 to 24. Branched saturated fatty acids were mainly anteiso-heptadecanoic acid and tuberculostearic acid. Surprisingly, a relatively large quantity of 10-methylene octadecanoic acid was found. The non-hydroxylated fatty acid profile of one rare beta-lactam susceptible strain (SC1) was different; 10-methylene octadecanoic acid was lacking whereas tuberculostearic acid was much more abundant. In contrast, the four CGD2 strains displayed highly similar mycolic acid patterns. The major mycolic acid species corresponded to C32, C30 and C28 bis-unsaturated with a double bond on each branch at the omega-9 position. The comparison of the mycolic acid composition and structure with those of other medically important corynebacteria strains, revealed a characteristic pattern for CGD2 strains, and CGD2 strains were easily distinguished from Corynebacterium jeikeium (CIP 82.51).
Bedeutung der Stanniocalcin-2 Expression in Adenokarzinomen des Gallengangssystems (2016)

Hintergrund/Ziele: Trotz aller therapeutischen und diagnostischen Fortschritte haben Gallengangstumoren (GGT) weiterhin eine schlechte Prognose. Dies basiert hauptsächlich auf der späten Diagnosestellung, die durch das Fehlen spezifischer Symptome erklärbar ist. Biomarker haben aus diesem Grund das Potential, die Diagnostik und Therapie vieler Krebserkrankungen bedeutend zu verbessern. Motiviert durch vielversprechende Ergebnisse bei anderen Tumoren, haben wir daher die Bedeutung von Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) als Biomarker bei GGT untersucht.
P040: LINE-1 reverse transcriptase activity in Hodgkin lymphoma cells (2022)

Background: The human genome contains a large number of repetitive elements including endogenous retroviruses and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE). Repetitive elements have been shown to be activated and influence gene expression in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Some repetitive elements contain open reading frames that encode a reverse transcriptase. We analyzed RT activity and expression of reverse transcriptase sequences in HL cells. Methods: RNA seq analysis was used for the identification of expressed putative reverse transcriptases in HL cells. Reverse transcriptase activity in HL cells was assessed using phage MS2 RNA as template for reverse transcription and amplification by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sensitivity of HL cells for the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz was analyzed by flow cytometry. LINE-1 reverse transcriptase sequences were amplified from HL cell line L-428 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cloned into vector pGEM-T Easy and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Results: HL cells showed high reverse transcriptase activity in comparison to normal blood cells. In addition, efavirenz killed HL cells in a dose dependent manner. RNA seq analysis suggested that HL cells express sequences corresponding to LINE-1 reverse transcriptase. By RT-PCR using LINE-1 reverse transcriptase specific primers, several transcripts containing open reading frames with predicted coding capacity for reverse transcriptase molecules were identified. Conclusions: HL cells express LINE-1 reverse transcriptase sequences that might be responsible for the observed reverse transcriptase activity of these cells. LINE-1 reverse transcriptase might be interesting targets for future therapeutic developments. Our work is supported by Mitteldeutsche Kinderkrebsforschung.
Noise-Resistant Control for a Spin Qubit Array (2013)

We develop a systematic method of performing corrected gate operations on an array of exchange-coupled singlet-triplet qubits in the presence of both fluctuating nuclear Overhauser field gradients and charge noise. The single-qubit control sequences we present have a simple form, are relatively short, and form the building blocks of a corrected cnot gate when also implemented on the interqubit exchange link. This is a key step towards enabling large-scale quantum computation in a semiconductor-based architecture by facilitating error reduction below the quantum error correction threshold for both single-qubit and multiqubit gate operations.
Multicompartment Formulation (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Mr Spectroscopic Imaging of Peripheral Zone in Prostate Cancer Using a 3t Mri Scanner: Endorectal versus External Phased Array Coils (2013)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) detects alterations in major prostate metabolites, such as citrate (Cit), creatine (Cr), and choline (Ch). We evaluated the sensitivity and accuracy of three-dimensional MRSI of prostate using an endorectal compared to an external phased array "receive" coil on a 3T MRI scanner. Eighteen patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent endorectal MR imaging and proton (1H) MRSI were included in this study. Immediately after the endorectal MRSI scan, the PCa patients were scanned with the external phased array coil. The endorectal coil-detected metabolite ratio [(Ch+Cr)/Cit] was significantly higher in cancer locations (1.667 ± 0.663) compared to non-cancer locations (0.978 ± 0.420) (P < 0.001). Similarly, for the external phased array, the ratio was significantly higher in cancer locations (1.070 ± 0.525) compared to non-cancer locations (0.521 ± 0.310) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and accuracy of cancer detection were 81% and 78% using the endorectal 'receive' coil, and 69% and 75%, respectively using the external phased array 'receive' coil.
Type I frequency doubling at 1064 nm in LaCa40(BO3)3 (LaCOB), GdCa4O(BO3)3 (GdCOB), and YCa4O(BO3)3 (YCOB) (2001)

We have grown and characterized LaCOB, a new member to the GdCOB family of nonlinear crystals. LaCOB has a deff of 0.52 ± 0.05 pm/V and an angular sensitivity of 1224 ±184 (cm-rad)'1 for type I frequency doubling at 1064 nm. The dαββ and dγββ coefficients of the nonlinear optical tensor for LaCOB, GdCOB, and YCOB were determined to have values of |0.26 ± 0.04| pm/V and 11.69 ± 0.17| pm/V, respectively. Results of phase-matching angle measurements at 1064 nm and 1047 nm predict LaCOB to be non-critically phase-matched (NCPM) at 1042 ±1.5 nm. We also estimate the thermal sensitivity of LaCOB to be less than 0.1 (cm-°C)−1.
The psychology and policy of overcoming economic inequality (2022)

This project will use secondary data analysis to explore financial behaviors and economic inequality globally. We will investigate the patterns and predictors of positive deviance across and within 60 countries. Using this framework, we aim to better understand what incremental behaviors or individual factors might form the basis of more effective interventions to reduce financial inequality.
Abstract B021: Canine CAR T-cells therapy for mammary carcinoma in dogs (2020)

Abstract In women, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an often-diagnosed breast disease that is widely considered to be a nonobligate precursor of invasive carcinoma. TNBC is the most aggressive and lethal form of breast cancer and predominantly occurs in women at high genetic risk including those with mutated BRCA1 genes. We provide for the first time an immunocompetent animal model for triple-negative DCIS (TN-DCIS) that will facilitate molecular analysis of preinvasive TNBC and will provide an invaluable resource for identifying and selecting targets for TNBC vaccine immunoprevention or immunotherapeutic intervention. Unlike most studied rodent models, dogs develop TN-DCIS spontaneously without genetic or chemical manipulation. We have shown that canine DCIS resembles human DCIS with shared histopathologic and molecular features and with similar imaging and behavioral characteristics. Dogs are much more outbred than laboratory rodents, yet certain breeds are at increased risk for developing mammary tumors. Indeed, we have found that 50% of randomly screened asymptomatic hound dogs have premalignant mammary lesions and that mammary TN-DCIS often progresses to invasive carcinoma within one year. Given the many common features of canine breast cancer and the high homology between the canine and human genome, the dog model offers an outstanding opportunity for exploiting TNBC immunoprevention and immunotherapeutic strategies. Moreover, the prevalence and rapid progression of canine TN-DCIS provides a much more rapid and cost-effective alternative to human trials for evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of cancer vaccine strategies. One immunotherapeutic strategy we are testing using our canine TN-DCIS model is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells. CAR T-cells have shown promise in treating many malignancies, but in solid tumors have been hindered by many limitations. To overcome these limitations, we designed genetically engineered universal canine CAR T-cells that must be activated and targeted by a small-molecule adaptor before it can kill cancer cells. Our results showed that universal CAR T cells are functional and killed canine mammary tumor cell lines in vitro. Citation Format: Xavier E. Ramos-Cardona, Sulma I. Mohammed, Yong Gu Lee, Phillip Low. Canine CAR T-cells therapy for mammary carcinoma in dogs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B021.
ChemInform Abstract: BIS(PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)ACTINIDE ALKYLS: FACILE ACTIVATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON‐CARBON DOUBLE BOND FORMATION, AND THE PRODUCTION OF UNUSUAL OXYGEN‐BONDED MIGRATORY INSERTION PRODUCTS (1979)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung der Toluollösungen von Bis‐[pentamethylcyclopentadienyl]‐dimethyl‐Th und ‐U (I) mit CO entstehen die dimeren Einschiebungsprodukte (II).
Physicochemical and metabolic constraints for thermodynamics-based stoichiometric modelling under mesophilic growth conditions (2021)

Metabolic engineering in the post-genomic era is characterised by the development of new methods for metabolomics and fluxomics, supported by the integration of genetic engineering tools and mathematical modelling. Particularly, constraint-based stoichiometric models have been widely studied: (i) flux balance analysis (FBA) (in silico), and (ii) metabolic flux analysis (MFA) (in vivo). Recent studies have enabled the incorporation of thermodynamics and metabolomics data to improve the predictive capabilities of these approaches. However, an in-depth comparison and evaluation of these methods is lacking. This study presents a thorough analysis of two different in silico methods tested against experimental data (metabolomics and 13C-MFA) for the mesophile Escherichia coli. In particular, a modified version of the recently published matTFA toolbox was created, providing a broader range of physicochemical parameters. Validating against experimental data allowed the determination of the best physicochemical parameters to perform the TFA (Thermodynamics-based Flux Analysis). An analysis of flux pattern changes in the central carbon metabolism between 13C-MFA and TFA highlighted the limited capabilities of both approaches for elucidating the anaplerotic fluxes. In addition, a method based on centrality measures was suggested to identify important metabolites that (if quantified) would allow to further constrain the TFA. Finally, this study emphasised the need for standardisation in the fluxomics community: novel approaches are frequently released but a thorough comparison with currently accepted methods is not always performed.
Spectral tunability of laser-induced spin dynamics in the ferromagnetic semiconductor CdCr2Se4 (2018)

Here we report that femtosecond laser pulses are able to trigger oscillations of the magneto-optical Faraday rotation in the ferromagnetic semiconductor $\mathrm{CdC}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{4}$ in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The frequency of these oscillations is a linear function of the magnetic field and corresponds to the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). Tuning the photon energy of the pump pulses we reveal two different mechanisms, which induce FMR precession in this material. In the case of pumping from the valence band deep into the conduction band (photon energy 3.1 eV), the phase of the spin oscillations is not sensitive to the polarization of the pump, but can be reversed over 180 deg by changing the polarity of the applied magnetic field. We assign these oscillations to the coherent spin precession triggered by ultrafast laser-induced heating. This mechanism requires a strong optical absorption in the material and becomes inactive if the pump photon energy is below the band gap. Tuning the photon energy in a wide range from 0.88 to 2.1 eV reveals the second mechanism of optical excitation of coherent spin oscillations with a maximum around 1.2 eV, i.e., very close to the energy of the band gap in the semiconductor. Contrary to the laser-induced heating, this excitation mechanism is pump polarization dependent, being the most efficient if the pump is circularly polarized. The phase of the spin oscillations is independent of the polarity of the applied magnetic field, but changes by 180 deg under reversing the helicity of light. We suggest that the effect can be interpreted in terms of spin transfer torque experienced by the network of the ordered $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}^{3+}$ spins as a result of excitation of electrons from the top of the $p$-type valence band to the bottom of the $s$-type conduction band. In particular, a strong spin-orbit interaction experienced by the carriers in the valence band is responsible for the coupling of the spins of the photogenerated carriers and the polarization of light. Due to strong $pd$- and $sd$-exchange interactions the spins of the photocarriers appear to be coupled to the network of ordered spins of the $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}^{3+}$ ions.
Functional Reconstitution and Regulation of IL-18 Activity by the IL-18Rβ Chain (2001)

Abstract IL-18 and IL-12 are major IFN-γ-inducing cytokines but the unique synergism of IL-18 and IL-12 remains unclear. In the human NK cell line NKO, IL-18Rα, and IL-18Rβ are expressed constitutively but IL-18 did not induce IFN-γ unless IL-12 was present. COS-1 fibroblasts, which produce the chemokine IL-8 when stimulated by IL-1β or TNF-α, do not respond to IL-18, despite abundant expression of the IL-18Rα chain. COS-1 cells lack expression of the IL-18Rβ chain. The IL-18Rβ cDNA was cloned from a human T-B lymphoblast cDNA library and COS-1 cells were transiently transfected with the IL-18Rβ chain and a luciferase reporter. In transfected COS-1 cells, IL-18 induced IL-8 and luciferase in the absence of IL-12 and independently of IL-1 and TNF. Ab against the IL-18Rα chain, however, prevented IL-18 responsiveness in COS-1 cells transfected with the IL-18Rβ chain, suggesting that both chains be functional. In NKO cells and PBMC, IL-12 increased steady-state mRNA levels of IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ; the production of IFN-γ corresponded to IL-12-induced IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ chains. We conclude that functional reconstitution of the IL-18Rβ chain is essential for IL-12-independent proinflammatory activity of IL-18-induced IL-8 in fibroblasts. The synergism of IL-18 plus IL-12 for IFN-γ production is, in part, due to IL-12 up-regulation of both IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ chains, although postreceptor events likely contribute to IFN-γ production.
Explainable machine learning multi-label classification of Spanish legal judgements (2022)

Artificial Intelligence techniques such as Machine Learning (ml) have not been exploited to their maximum potential in the legal domain. This has been partially due to the insufficient explanations they provided about their decisions. Automatic expert systems with explanatory capabilities can be specially useful when legal practitioners search jurisprudence to gather contextual knowledge for their cases. Therefore, we propose a hybrid system that applies ml for multi-label classification of judgements (sentences) and visual and natural language descriptions for explanation purposes, boosted by Natural Language Processing techniques and deep legal reasoning to identify the entities, such as the parties, involved. We are not aware of any prior work on automatic multi-label classification of legal judgements also providing natural language explanations to the end-users with comparable overall quality. Our solution achieves over 85% micro precision on a labelled data set annotated by legal experts. This endorses its interest to relieve human experts from monotonous labour-intensive legal classification tasks.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth and Structure of the New Ferrimagnetic Oxyphosphate PbFe3O(PO4)3. (2012)

Abstract Polycrystalline PbFe 3 O(PO 4 ) 3 is prepared by coprecipitation from an aqueous solution of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , and (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 followed by sintering at 880 °C for 72 h.
Abstract 653: Combination of TORC1/2 and MEK kinase inhibitors in colorectal cancer models (2011)

Abstract MAPK pathway mutations are frequent in colorectal cancer (CRC) and associated with resistance to standard therapies. This provides a rationale for the use of targeted therapies against the MAPK pathway. However, the response of CRC cells to MEK inhibitors varies depending on coexisting mutations in both MAPK and PI3K pathways. As a matter of fact, dual inhibition of MEK and PI3K or AKT in mouse models of CRC has proven effective due to aberrations in both pathways. Inhibition of TORC1, a shared downstream effector of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, was described to be partly responsible for the efficacy of the dual blockade. In order to explore additional mechanisms involved in the superior antitumor activity of combined MAPK and PI3K pathway suppression we directly targeted TORC1/2 by active-site kinase inhibitor of mTOR, in addition to MEK, in our cell models. We tested the antiproliferative activity of INK128, a selective and potent TORC1/2 inhibitor, in combination with a MEK inhibitor, PD-0325901, in a panel of colon cancer cell lines with diverse alterations of the MAPK and PI3K pathways. PD-0325901 treatment effectively inhibited ERK phosphorylation, which resulted in decreased phosphorylation of Rb and reduced expression of E2F in all the cell lines tested. In CRC cell lines harboring sole mutations in the MAPK pathway, we observed sensitivity to PD-0325901 that was not further enhanced when combining with INK-128. In contrast, CRC cell lines harboring concurrent mutations of both pathways exhibited a striking sensitivity to dual ERK and TORC1/2 blockade associated with an enhanced arrest in cell cycle and, above all, a concomitant increase in apoptosis. Inhibition of TORC1 and TORC2 by INK128 could not be further enhanced by MEK inhibition in any of the cell lines tested. These data suggest that, besides complete suppression of both pathways, additional mechanisms must be at work to explain the observed enhanced cell death following dual suppression of PI3K and MEK. Interestingly, we observed differential regulation of key components of the cell cycle in response to dual blockade. We are currently investigating whether this specific biochemical behaviour plays a causative role in the observed phenotype. In summary, dual inhibition of TORC1/2 and MEK has potential for effective antitumor activity in CRCs with dysregulation of both signaling cascades. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the enhanced efficacy of this therapeutic combination will help defining the best biomarkers that need to be assessed in phase I combination trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 653. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-653