gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient purchasing by state and local government: Triggering a landslide down the slippery slope to market transformation (2004)

A growing number of jurisdictions are adopting energy efficient purchasing policies, often based on ENERGY STAR7 labeled products and the U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (DOE/FEMP) criteria. Potential savings from energy-efficient purchasing are about $1 billion/year for all levels of government; state and local purchasing account for more than 75% of this total. Together, state and local agencies spend annually about $50-70 billion on energy related products and $12 billion on energy bills. This scale of buying-power, if effectively harnessed, can help transform the market for energy efficient products. This paper reviews state and local purchasing programs around the country, explores the origins of these programs (including how they draw upon federal purchasing and ENERGY STAR), and discusses the strategic role of governmental and institutional buying in market transformation. Aggregating public sector demand sends a powerful market signal to manufacturers and vendors.
Genetic Improvement in Grain Yield and other Traits of Wheat Grown in Western Canada (2016)

Breeding efforts have been important in addressing the challenges of wheat production in western Canada. We studied the effect of breeding on grain yield and other important traits of 100 wheat cultivars released in Canada from 1885 to 2012. The cultivars were grown in seven environments during 2011 to 2013. Grain yield was positively correlated with days to maturity and kernel weight but negatively correlated with plant height, lodging, and grain protein content. Results indicate that grain yield increased at a rate of 0.28% year –1 in 62 cultivars of Canada western red spring (CWRS) class, 1.2% year –1 in 9 cultivars of Canada prairie spring (CPS) class, but not in 14 studied cultivars of Canada western amber durum (CWAD) class due to breeding efforts. Grain protein content exhibited an increasing trend in cultivars of CWRS (0.05% year –1 ) and CPS (0.79% year –1 ) classes, and a decreasing trend in those of CWAD (0.23% year –1 ). Days to maturity decreased in CWRS (0.02% year ‐1 ) and CWAD (0.09% year ‐1 ) classes but remained unchanged in CPS class. Plant height exhibited a gradual decline in cultivars of CWRS (0.16% year –1 ) and CWAD class (0.44% year –1 ), but an increase in those of CPS class (0.50% year –1 ). Test weights showed an increasing trend in CWRS (0.04% year –1 ) and CPS (0.17% year –1 ) classes but not in CWAD class. Grain weight also increased over time in CWRS (0.06% year –1 ) and in CPS (0.41% year –1 ), but not in CWAD class. These results suggest that breeding efforts have improved yield, quality and other attributes in wheat cultivars of different Canadian wheat classes over the last 100 years.
Lenticulostriate arterial distribution pathology may underlie pediatric anoxic brain injury in drowning (2016)

Drowning is a leading cause of neurological morbidity and mortality in young children. Anoxic brain injury (ABI) can result from nonfatal drowning and typically entails substantial neurological impairment. The neuropathology of drowning-induced pediatric ABI is not well established. Specifically, quantitative characterization of the spatial extent and tissue distribution of anoxic damage in pediatric nonfatal drowning has not previously been reported but could clarify the underlying pathophysiological processes and inform clinical management. To this end, we used voxel-based morphometric (VBM) analyses to quantify the extent and spatial distribution of consistent, between-subject alterations in gray and white matter volume. Whole-brain, high-resolution T1-weighted MRI datasets were acquired in 11 children with chronic ABI and 11 age- and gender-matched neurotypical controls (4-12 years). Group-wise VBM analyses demonstrated predominantly central subcortical pathology in the ABI group in both gray matter (bilateral basal ganglia nuclei) and white matter (bilateral external and posterior internal capsules) (P < 0.001); minimal damage was found outside of these deep subcortical regions. These highly spatially convergent gray and white matter findings reflect the vascular distribution of perforating lenticulostriate arteries, an end-arterial watershed zone, and suggest that vascular distribution may be a more important determinant of tissue loss than oxygen metabolic rate in pediatric ABI. Further, these results inform future directions for diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
A Novel Post-translational Modification Involving Bromination of Tryptophan (1997)

We report a novel post-translational modification involving halogenation of tryptophan in peptides recovered from the venom of carnivorous marine cone snails (Conus). The residue, L-6-bromotryptophan, was identified in the sequence of a heptapeptide, isolated from Conus imperialis, a worm-hunting cone. This peptide does not elicit gross behavioral symptoms when injected centrally or peripherally in mice. L-6-Bromotryptophan was also identified in a 33-amino acid peptide from Conus radiatus; this peptide has been shown to induce a sleep-like state in mice of all ages and is referred to as bromosleeper peptide. The sequences of the two peptides and were determined using a combination of mass spectrometry, amino acid, and chemical sequence analyses, where Pca = pyroglutamic acid, Hyp = hydroxyproline, Gla = gamma-carboxyglutamate, and Trp* = L-6-bromotryptophan. The precise structure and stereochemistry of the modified residue were determined as L-6-bromotryptophan by synthesis, co-elution, and enzymatic hydrolysis experiments. To our knowledge this is the first documentation of tryptophan residues in peptides/proteins being modified in a eukaryotic system and the first report of halogenation of tryptophan in vivo.
IGLANCE: interactive free viewpoint for 3D TV (2010)

The iGLANCE project aims at making interactive free viewpoint selection possible in 3D TV broadcasted media. This means that the viewer can select and interactively change the viewpoint of a stereoscopic streamed video. The interactivity is enabled by broadcasting a number of video streams from several viewpoints, consisting of a traditional 2D video and additionally depth information for each frame. Any desired view location in-between is generated by free viewpoint interpolation, using the depth information. The interpolated images are then displayed on a stereoscopic screen, giving a 3D impression to the audience. This article focuses on the broadcast chain, the decoding aspects and the view interpolation algorithm. Index Terms — 3D video, view interpolation, autostereoscopic display, interactive free viewpoint. 1.
Intraplane guided wave massive fanout optical interconnections (1990)

One-to-30 guided wave optical interconnections are demonstrated at 632.8 nm using a highly multiplexed waveguide volume hologram. This technology is capable of providing intrachip and intrawafer optical interconnections. The theoretical limit of the fanout number is addressed and experimentally confirmed. The measured data show that the diffracted beams have an average diffraction efficiency of 2.3% with ±0.2% variation. The demonstrated results can save surface space of electronic chips and also provide a large fanout capability due to the high index modulation of the volume hologram. Further applications based on this technology are very promising. Head-up display, high-speed optical data bus, surface enhanced Raman spectrometer, and optical sensors are some of the attractive ones.
Memory Training Strategies and Subjective Complaints of Memory in the Aged (1981)

Two successive studies of 44 and 54 participants respectively investigated teaching four memory training strategies and their effects on subjective memory complaints in the community dwelling elderly. Pre- and post-evaluations in both studies revealed significant improvements in recall functioning for the use of organizing and visual mediating strategies among the Memory Training subjects only. Subjective memory complaints, however, fluctuated independently of performance, suggesting that concern about poor memory may reflect expectations about old age, rather than declining abilities.
RRM1 is mediated by histone acetylation through gemcitabine resistance and contributes to invasiveness and ECM remodeling in pancreatic cancer (2023)

The invasiveness of pancreatic cancer and its resistance to anticancer drugs define its malignant potential, and are considered to affect the peritumoral microenvironment. Cancer cells with resistance to gemcitabine exposed to external signals induced by anticancer drugs may enhance their malignant transformation. Ribonucleotide reductase large subunit M1 (RRM1), an enzyme in the DNA synthesis pathway, is upregulated during gemcitabine resistance, and its expression is associated with worse prognosis for pancreatic cancer. However, the biological function of RRM1 is unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that histone acetylation is involved in the regulatory mechanism related to the acquisition of gemcitabine resistance and subsequent RRM1 upregulation. The current <i>in vitro</i> study indicated that RRM1 expression is critical for the migratory and invasive potential of pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, a comprehensive RNA sequencing analysis showed that activated RRM1 induced marked changes in the expression levels of extracellular matrix‑related genes, including N‑cadherin, tenascin‑C and COL11A. RRM1 activation also promoted extracellular matrix remodeling and mesenchymal features, which enhanced the migratory invasiveness and malignant potential of pancreatic cancer cells. The present results demonstrated that RRM1 has a critical role in the biological gene program that regulates the extracellular matrix, which promotes the aggressive malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer.
Motion vector refinement in a Wyner–Ziv to H.264 transcoder for mobile telephony (2009)

The authors develop a decoder/encoder system (transcoder) to solve the consumption constraint in the communications between end-user devices, when a new Wyner–Ziv (WZ)/H.264 framework is defined for being used in mobile-to-mobile environments. This approach is based on leaving to the devices only WZ video encoding and traditional video decoding; the lowest complexity algorithms in both paradigms. The system shifts the burden of complexity to the network, where an improved transcoder that reuses information between both paradigms is allocated. The WZ decoding motion vectors are used to reduce the H.264 motion estimation process. The proposed transcoder offers a complexity reduction up to 60% on average, without any rate distortion drop.
Observation of a Localization Transition in Quasiperiodic Photonic Lattices (2009)

We report the observation of the signature of a localization phase transition for light in one-dimensional quasiperiodic photonic lattices, by directly measuring wave transport inside the lattice. Below the predicted transition point an initially narrow wave packet expands as it propagates, while above the transition expansion is fully suppressed. In addition, we measure the effect of focusing nonlinear interaction on the propagation and find it increases the width of the localized wave packets.
Lithium Batteries with Fluorine-Graphite Intercalation Compound Cathodes (1991)

When the recent papers on fluoro-graphite intercalation compounds are reviewed, it is noticed that it has become possible to control the crystallinity, physical properties and C-F bond character of the fluorine-graphite intercalation compounds CxF by designing and controlling the intercalation of fluorine in a wide range. The relationships have also become clear between the battery performances, such as open circuit voltage (OCV), discharge potential and stability, utilization of the cathode active mass, energy density, etc. and the crystallinity or the C-F bond character of the cathode materials. Because of the higher OCV and much lower overpotential compared with the conventional graphite fluoride cathodes, the CχF cathode with semi-ionic bonding between carbon and fluorine has high discharge potential and high energy density, and draw much attention as a candidate for the post-graphite fluoride cathode. The time has also come for the fluorinegraphite intercalation compounds CχF to be synthesized by designing the functionalities as cathode active material. The advent of a variety of post-graphite fluoride cathodes is expected.
The Impact of Salt Ions on the Rheology of a Crosslinked Polymer Containing a Chelating Agent (2023)

Abstract The growth in hydraulic fracturing activities increased the demand for freshwater, a scarce commodity in water-deprived regions. The alternative is to utilize seawater (SW) or produced water (PW) from oil and gas operations to formulate high total dissolved solids (TDS) fracturing fluids. If achieved, it will result in more sustainable hydraulic fracturing operations that are cost and logistics efficient. Furthermore, aside from the hydrocarbons in PW, both SW and PW have similar ions, so the same remedy should be suitable for both. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of individual ions on a crosslinked polymer solution that contains a chelating agent. The study investigated the effect of individual ions on the rheology of fracturing fluid formulated using carboxy methyl hydroxy propyl guar (CMHPG) polymer. The studied salts included calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O), magnesium chloride (MgCl2.6H2O), sodium chloride (NaCl), and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). First, the effect of delayed zirconium (Zr) crosslinker on individual ions was investigated by varying the Zr concentrations (0.3, 0.6, and 1 wt. %). Then, the selected crosslinker concentration was used to inspect the impact of N, N-Dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid (GLDA) chelating agent on the crosslinked system at different concentrations (4, 10, and 20 wt. %). Finally, the rheology of polymer in SW and deionized water (DW) was tested as a reference. The testing parameters on the two sets of the experiments were constant, which included 70 °C temperature, 500 psi pressure, 100 1/s shear rate, and 45 minutes for polymer hydration in a fluid. The rheology of the crosslinked CMHPG polymer was mostly impacted by sulfate and then calcium ions. The viscosity of the solution containing only sodium sulfate was reduced to that of SW. Unlike the DW, the increase in the crosslinker concentration increased the viscosity of SW and individual ion solutions. The ions’ salinity affected the long-term viscosities as they dropped to less than 10 cP in all concentrations in less than one hour. Sodium and magnesium ions did not significantly impact the solution viscosity and behaved like that of DW. The low-concentration chelating agent raised the stability of MgCl and DI solutions. In the SW, NaCl, and CaCl2, the viscosity dropped at the first 20 minutes then the curve rose to reach higher values than the DI after 3 hours. This work demonstrated how the crosslinker and chelating agent affect different salt systems’ behavior and viscosity. The results can be used to understand the rheology of fracturing fluids based on seawater or produced water.
Epstein–Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone: report of two cases from South America (2011)

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly is a novelentity included in the World Health Organization(WHO) classiﬁcation of hematopoietic and lymphoidtumors [1]. EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly is avery aggressive disease that occurs more frequently inpatients older than 50 years and presents withfrequent extranodal involvement and the presenceof EBV in tumoral cells. The prognosis is poor andthe survival is short [2]. A few studies have reportedlower response rates to conventional anthracycline-based chemotherapy in comparison with responsesseen in EBV-negative patients with DLBCL [2,3],but there are no data on EBV-positive DLBCL of theelderly treated with rituximab in combination withchemotherapy. In this letter, we present two cases ofEBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly with a goodinitial response to the combination of rituximab,cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, andprednisone (R-CHOP).Our ﬁrst case is a 74-year-old man without asigniﬁcant past medical history and an EasternCooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performancestatus of 1. One week prior to admission, hedeveloped progressive colicky abdominal pain andbloating. He denied B symptoms. An intestinalobstruction was suspected and a 464 cm ilealmass was identiﬁed. The patient underwent a partialileal resection. Pathological studies revealed alymphoproliferative process with monomorphic ap-pearance and scattered areas of necrosis. Based onimmunohistochemical studies, the sample was mostconsistent with a CD20-positive diffuse large B-celllymphoma with a non-germinal center (NGC)phenotype (CD10 negative, BCL6 negative, andMUM1 positive). Expression of CD30 and BCL2was negative, and Ki67 expression was 80%. EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH)was positive in the tumoral cells (Figure 1). Furtherstaging showed a 2 cm mass in the lower lobe of theright lung. A bone marrow biopsy was negative forlymphomatous involvement, and lactate dehydro-genase (LDH) levels were within normal limits. Thepatient was diagnosed with stage IVA EBV-positiveDLBCL of the elderly. His International PrognosticIndex (IPI) score was 3. The patient received sixcycles of R-CHOP administered every 21 days withgrowth factor support. At the end of treatment, therewas no evidence of disease. Unfortunately, 12months after his initial diagnosis, the patient pre-sented with seizures, and a computed tomography(CT) scan of the brain showed multiple parenchymallesions consistent with relapsed lymphoma. Thepatient underwent brain irradiation with radiological
Transcranial Motor-evoked Potentials for Intraoperative Nerve Root Monitoring During Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Prospective Multicenter Study (2022)

Nerve root injuries in our ASD cohort were partially predictable using multichannel Tc-MEPs with a 70% decrease in amplitude as an alarm threshold. We propose that future research should evaluate the efficacy of an idealized warning threshold (e.g., 50%) and a more detailed evoked muscle selection, in reducing false negatives.
Supplementary Figure 5A and 5B from Therapeutic Implications of a Human Neutralizing Antibody to the Macrophage-Stimulating Protein Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RON), a c-MET Family Member (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5A and 5B from Therapeutic Implications of a Human Neutralizing Antibody to the Macrophage-Stimulating Protein Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RON), a c-MET Family Member
Activity of ARRY-614, an Inhibitor of p38 Map Kinase and Angiogenic Targets, in Hematologic Malignancies. (2007)

Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. Within this compartment, the proliferative capacity of MM cells is enhanced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and there is growing recognition that bone marrow stromal cells play an important role in the support of MM growth and chemo-resistance. We have identified a series of compounds, of which ARRY-614 is representative, that are potent inhibitors (EC50&lt;10 nM) of cytokine synthesis through the inhibition of p38 MAPK. This compound is also a potent inhibitor of Abl tyrosine kinases and Tie2/Tek receptor tyrosine kinase. ARRY-614 is active against all of these targets on both the isolated enzymes and in cells. To confirm these activities, ARRY-614 was evaluated in relevant in vitro and in vivo models. ARRY-614 inhibited p38α in ex vivo stimulated human whole blood (EC50=2 nM) and the release of IL-6 and TNFα from SEA- or LPS-challenged mice (ED50&lt;10 mg/kg). Further, ARRY-614 administered as a single agent was efficacious at inhibiting bFGF-driven angiogenesis in an in vivo matrigel invasion assay as well as inhibiting tumor growth in subcutaneous K562 (BCR-Abl dependent) and RPMI 8226 (multiple myeloma) tumor xenografts in mice, at doses ranging from 30 to 100 mg/kg qd, PO. In regulated safety studies, this compound was well-tolerated at doses up to 100 mg/kg qd and 30 mg/kg qd in rats and cynomolgus, respectively. Together, these data support the advancement of this agent into clinical trials for hematologic malignancies.
Resolving kinetic intermediates during the regulated assembly and disassembly of fusion pores (2020)

The opening of a fusion pore during exocytosis creates the first aqueous connection between the lumen of a vesicle and the extracellular space. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate the formation of these dynamic structures, and their kinetic transitions are tightly regulated by accessory proteins at the synapse. Here, we utilize two single molecule approaches, nanodisc-based planar bilayer electrophysiology and single-molecule FRET, to address the relationship between SNARE complex assembly and rapid (micro-millisecond) fusion pore transitions, and to define the role of accessory proteins. Synaptotagmin (syt) 1, a major Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensor for synaptic vesicle exocytosis, drove the formation of an intermediate: committed trans-SNARE complexes that form large, stable pores. Once open, these pores could only be closed by the action of the ATPase, NSF. Time-resolved measurements revealed that NSF-mediated pore closure occurred via a complex 'stuttering' mechanism. This simplified system thus reveals the dynamic formation and dissolution of fusion pores.
IPv6 Prefix Delegation routing state maintenance approaches (2006)

The maintenance of Prefix Delegation (PD) routing state is an issue
that people have discussed in the IETF DHC WG, and there have been
drafts on the topic. However, as the pros and cons of the different
routing state maintenance solutions have not been examined thoroughly,
this text attempts to shed some light on both the actual problem and
the various alternative solutions.
Nonpolar Nitride Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices: A Disruptive Technology for Next Generation Army Applications (2008)

Abstract : Nonpolar nitride semiconductor materials containing a wide range of structural defects are studied. High quality InGaN quantum wells grown on bulk stacking fault (SF) -free GaN substrates show larger PL intensity and shorter PL lifetime with decreasing well width, indicating that the radiative lifetime is becoming smaller as the well narrows, consistent with the theoretically predicted increase in oscillator strength and associated exciton binding energy. Moreover, the fact that these phenomena are observable at room temperature is indicative of the suppression of defect-related nonradiative recombination for growth on bulk substrates, showing great promise for visible light emitters. We have also demonstrated enhanced THz emission from nonpolar GaN due to carrier transport in internal in-plane electric fields created by the termination of the in-plane polarization in wurtzite domains at zincblende stacking faults. The estimated, maximum average in-plane electric field of approx. 290 kV/cm in the wurtzite regions for an I(1) type SF density of [1 X 10(exp 6)]/cm is comparable to the bias fields applied to PC switches using low-temperature grown GaAs, one of the best PC materials, but does not require electrode processing or an external bias. Comparison with THz emission from SF-free m-GaN indicates that the THz signal from SF-related in-plane carrier transport dominates that usually observed from carrier diffusion or surface surge-currents normal to the sample surface, even for high excess electron energies and short absorption lengths favorable to diffusive transport. These results suggest that nonpolar nitride semiconductor devices are a potentially disruptive technology that may lead to leap-ahead advances in devices operating across the electromagnetic spectrum from UV to THz for future Army applications.