gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface preparation for high purity alumina ceramics enabling direct brazing in hydrogen atmospheres (2023)

The present invention relates to a method for preparing the surface of a high purity alumina ceramic or sapphire specimen that enables direct brazing in a hydrogen atmosphere using an active braze alloy. The present invention also relates to a method for directly brazing a high purity alumina ceramic or sapphire specimen to a ceramic or metal member using this method of surface preparation, and to articles produced by this brazing method. The presence of silicon, in the form of a SiO.sub.2 -containing surface layer, can more than double the tensile bond strength in alumina ceramic joints brazed in a hydrogen atmosphere using an active Au-16Ni-0.75 Mo-1.75V filler metal. A thin silicon coating applied by PVD processing can, after air firing, produce a semi-continuous coverage of the alumina surface with a SiO.sub.2 film. Room temperature tensile strength was found to be proportional to the fraction of air fired surface covered by silicon-containing films. Similarly, the ratio of substrate fracture versus interface separation was also related to the amount of surface silicon present prior to brazing. This process can replace the need to perform a "moly-manganese" metallization step.
Non-peptidic cell-penetrating agents: synthesis of oligomeric chiral bicyclic guanidinium vectors (2012)

Polycationic oligo(chiral bicyclic guanidines) constitute useful non-peptidic penetrating agents for cell uptake and protein surface recognition. We report herein improved and selective procedures for the preparation of oligoguanidinium scaffolds linked through thioether bonds, with similar or different groups and functions at both ends of the chain. Two synthetic strategies were developed to obtain these compounds in relatively good yields from a common thioacetate precursor: generation of a disulfide intermediate or thiolate formation. Thus, tetraguanidinium intermediates 8 and 22 are best synthesized by the disulfide route, whereas hexamer 29, octamer 31, and trimer 37 arise from a combination of both the disulfide and the thioacetate routes. Finally, tetramer 28 can be readily obtained from either strategy.
Interaction of Short-Term Neuronal Plasticity and Synaptic Plasticity Revealed by Nonlinear Systems Analysis in Dentate Granule Cells (2006)

Dentate granule cells receive inputs from the entorhinal cortex as the "perforant path". There are two components of the perforant path: the lateral component (LPP) and the medial component (MPP). LPP and MPP convey different sensory modality information. It remains elusive as to how signals from different inputs interact and integrate at the granule cell level. We attempted to address this issue by using nonlinear systems analytic methods. Granule cell EPSPs and action potentials were recorded intracellularly from in vitro hippocampal slices of the rat. MPP and LPP were activated simultaneously by two independent Poisson random trains. Poisson-Volterra kernel models were estimated using Laguerre expansion of Volterra kernel technique. In the kernel models, self-kernels represent the intrinsic input/output properties of each pathway, while cross-kernels quantify the interactions between the two inputs. Short-term plasticity (STP) was revealed by both 2nd order self and cross kernels. We reason that the underlying mechanisms of the STP are diffusely distributed along input-specific synapses, dendritic tree and soma. The plasticity held by the dendritic tree/soma and synapses can be divided and referred to as neuronal and synaptic plasticity respectively. We argue that the cross kernel properties are determined primarily by neuronal plasticity while the self kernel properties are controlled largely by synaptic plasticity. Our experimental data suggest that linear summation of the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron can only partially explain the neuronal plasticity. Both supra- and sublinear summations were observed. Thus, the neuronal plasticity is likely to be the product of passive and active processes of the postsynaptic neuron and plays a pivotal role in multiple inputs integration.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Mannich‐Type Reactions Between Aldehydes and Stable α‐Amido Sulfones: Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Aldehydes and β‐Amino Acids. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Elastic and viscous properties of the nematic dimer CB7CB (2017)

We present a comprehensive set of measurements of optical, dielectric, diamagnetic, elastic, and viscous properties in the nematic (N) phase formed by a liquid crystalline dimer. The studied dimer, 1,7-bis-4-(4'-cyanobiphenyl) heptane (CB7CB), is composed of two rigid rodlike cyanobiphenyl segments connected by a flexible aliphatic link with seven methyl groups. CB7CB and other nematic dimers are of interest due to their tendency to adopt bent configurations and to form two states possessing a modulated nematic director structure, namely, the twist-bend nematic, N_{TB}, and the oblique helicoidal cholesteric, Ch_{OH}, which occurs when the achiral dimer is doped with a chiral additive and exposed to an external electric or magnetic field. We characterize the material parameters as functions of temperature in the entire temperature range of the N phase, including the pretransitional regions near the N-N_{TB} and N-to-isotropic (I) transitions. The splay constant K_{11} is determined by two direct and independent techniques, namely, detection of the Frederiks transition and measurement of director fluctuation amplitudes by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The bend K_{33} and twist K_{22} constants are measured by DLS. K_{33}, being the smallest of the three constants, shows a strong nonmonotonous temperature dependence with a negative slope in both N-I and N-N_{TB} pretransitional regions. The measured ratio K_{11}/K_{22} is larger than 2 in the entire nematic temperature range. The orientational viscosities associated with splay, twist, and bend fluctuations in the N phase are comparable to those of nematics formed by rodlike molecules. All three show strong temperature dependence, increasing sharply near the N-N_{TB} transition.
Use of haploidentical stem cell transplantation continues to increase: the 2015 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant activity survey report (2017)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established procedure for many acquired and congenital disorders of the hematopoietic system. A record number of 42 171 HSCT in 37 626 patients (16 030 allogeneic (43%), 21 596 autologous (57%)) were reported by 655 centers in 48 countries in 2015. Trends include continued growth in transplant activity over the last decade, with the highest percentage increase seen in middle-income countries but the highest absolute growth in the very-high-income countries in Europe. Main indications for HSCT were myeloid malignancies 9413 (25%; 96% allogeneic), lymphoid malignancies 24 304 (67%; 20% allogeneic), solid tumors 1516 (4%; 3% allogeneic) and non-malignant disorders 2208 (6%; 90% allogeneic). Remarkable is the decreasing use of allogeneic HSCT for CLL from 504 patients in 2011 to 255 in 2015, most likely to be due to new drugs. Use of haploidentical donors for allogeneic HSCT continues to grow: 2012 in 2015, a 291% increase since 2005. Growth is seen for all diseases. In AML, haploidentical HSCT increases similarly for patients with advanced disease and for those in CR1. Both marrow and peripheral blood are used as the stem cell source for haploidentical HSCT with higher numbers reported for the latter.
A new quorum‐sensing system (TprA/PhrA) for Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 that regulates a lantibiotic biosynthesis gene cluster (2015)

The Phr peptides of the Bacillus species mediate quorum sensing, but their identification and function in other species of bacteria have not been determined. We have identified a Phr peptide quorum-sensing system (TprA/PhrA) that controls the expression of a lantibiotic gene cluster in the Gram-positive human pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae. Lantibiotics are highly modified peptides that are part of the bacteriocin family of antimicrobial peptides. We have characterized the basic mechanism for a Phr-peptide signaling system in S. pneumoniae and found that it induces the expression of the lantibiotic genes when pneumococcal cells are at high density in the presence of galactose, a main sugar of the human nasopharynx, a highly competitive microbial environment. Activity of the Phr peptide system is not seen when pneumococcal cells are grown with glucose, the preferred carbon source and the most prevalent sugar encountered by S. pneumoniae during invasive disease. Thus, the lantibiotic genes are expressed under the control of both cell density signals via the Phr peptide system and nutritional signals from the carbon source present, suggesting that quorum sensing and the lantibiotic machinery may help pneumococcal cells compete for space and resources during colonization of the nasopharynx.
Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta by monocytic cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus. (1989)

The production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and IL-1 beta by the monocytic cell line THP-1, productively infected with HIV-1, was investigated using specific RIA and Northern blot analysis. HIV-infected cells, like uninfected cells, did not constitutively produce any detectable amounts of protein or mRNA for TNF alpha or IL-1 beta. After stimulation with LPS or a combination of LPS plus IFN-gamma, TNF alpha and IL-1 beta were detected in tissue culture supernatants and cell lysates and transcripts for both cytokines were seen on Northern blots. No significant difference in production of these two cytokines was observed between uninfected and chronically infected cells. Acutely HIV-infected cells, however, showed phenotypic changes compatible with maturation and an increase in TNF alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA production, and released significantly higher levels of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta compared with chronically infected or uninfected cells. Furthermore, LPS stimulation of HIV-infected cells increased virus production. These results suggest that HIV-infected monocytic cells may produce increased amounts of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta in response to stimuli that could be present in vivo.
A Novel Method of Removing Emulsion Blockage after Drilling Operations Using Thermochemical Fluid (2020)

Summary A novel approach to exploit heat and pressure generated from the exothermic reactions of the aqueous solution of thermochemical reactants, in removing emulsion blockage induced by oil-based mud (OBM) has been investigated. The proposed technology essentially concerns raising the temperature and pressure of the formation above the kinetic stability of emulsions using thermochemical fluid (TCF). From the batch experiments, to assess the energetics of the thermochemical reaction, it was observed that the temperature of the system could be raised above 170°C at a pressure of 1,600 psi. The chemical can be effectively applied under different operating temperatures Tr = 20, 40, 55, and 100°C without significant effect on the heat and pressure generation. The specific energy per unit volume of the reaction is equivalent to ≈370 MJ/m3 within the operating conditions. OBM was prepared and used as the damaging fluid. A TCF was injected into the damaged core sample for cleaning. Permeability and porosity change of the treated core was tested using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitor the efficiency of the TCF injection. Ultimately, injecting 1 pore volume (PV) of the TCF removed approximately 72% of the OBM-based emulsion from the core sample. In addition, permeability of the core sample increased from 120 to 800 md, while the porosity increased from 20 to 21.5% after treatment. Moreover, the pressure profile, observed during the flooding experiment, showed that no precipitation or damage was induced during the TCF flooding. Therefore, it is envisaged that the in-situ heat generation can mitigate the emulsion blockage problem and offer advantages over the existing methods considering environmental friendliness and damage removal efficiency.
Crispness assessment of roasted almonds by an integrated approach to texture description: texture, acoustics, sensory and structure (2006)

Abstract This study combines passive acoustic and mechanical measures of sensory crispness. We show that the acoustic signal is dominated by ‘bursts’ of sound associated with crack failure events in the product which also release measurable amounts of elastic energy. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed on the sensory, acoustical, mechanical and compositional parameters. We show that this chemometric approach is a powerful method for the objective analysis of large, complex data sets in the context of human sensory studies and the objective measure of a sensory parameter; in this case crispness. We demonstrate that sensory crispness in almonds is an amalgam of acoustic and mechanical effects occurring during chewing. We show that our method is capable of predicting the crispness of roasted almonds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic hydrothermal gasification of biomass (2008)

Abstract A recent development in biomass gasification is the use of a pressurized water‐processing environment to avoid drying of the biomass. This paper reviews the research undertaken developing this new option for biomass gasification. This review does not cover wet oxidation or near‐atmospheric‐pressure steam‐gasification of biomass. Laboratory research on hydrothermal gasification of biomass focusing on the use of catalysts is reviewed here, and a companion review focuses on non‐catalytic processing. Research includes liquid‐phase, subcritical processing as well as supercritical water processing. The use of heterogeneous catalysts in such a system allows effective operation at lower temperatures, and the issues around the use of catalysts are presented. This review attempts to show the potential of this new processing concept by comparing the various options under development and the results of the research. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd
Optimal use of software and hardware resources in active loudspeaker systems (2020)

International audience
Data from Bortezomib Treatment Sensitizes Oncolytic HSV-1–Treated Tumors to NK Cell Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Both the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and an oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV)–expressing GM-CSF are currently FDA approved. Although proteasome blockade can increase oHSV replication, immunologic consequences, and consequent immunotherapy potential are unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of bortezomib combined with oHSV on tumor cell death and sensitivity to natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Western blot, flow cytometry, and caspase 3/7 activity assays were used to evaluate the induction of apoptosis/autophagy and/or necroptotic cell death. Cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using CellROX and MitoSOX. Inhibitors/shRNA–targeting ROS, JNK and RIP1 kinase (RIPK1) were used to investigate the mechanism of cell killing. The synergistic interaction between oHSV and bortezomib was calculated using a Chou–Talalay analysis. NK cells isolated from normal human blood were co-cultured with tumor cells to evaluate cellular interactions. Q-PCR, ELISA, and FACS analysis were used to evaluate NK cell activation. Intracranial tumor xenografts were used to evaluate antitumor efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Combination treatment with bortezomib- and oHSV-induced necroptotic cell death and increased the production of mitochondrial ROS and JNK phosphorylation. Inhibitors/shRNA of RIPK1 and JNK rescued synergistic cell killing. Combination treatment also significantly enhanced NK cell activation and adjuvant NK cell therapy of mice treated with bortezomib and oHSV improved antitumor efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; This study provides a significant rationale for triple combination therapy with bortezomib, oHSV, and NK cells to improve efficacy, in glioblastoma patients. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5265–76. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Suryadevara et al., p. 5164&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of Metal Ions Distinguishing between One-Step Hydrogen- and Electron-Transfer Mechanisms for the Radical-Scavenging Reaction of (+)-Catechin (2002)

A kinetic study of a hydrogen-transfer reaction from (+)-catechin (1) to galvinoxyl radical (G•) has been performed using UV−vis spectroscopy in the presence of Mg(ClO4)2 in deaerated acetonitrile (MeCN). The rate constants of hydrogen transfer from 1 to G• determined from the decay of the absorbance at 428 nm due to G• increase significantly with an increase in the concentration of Mg2+. The kinetics of hydrogen transfer from 1 to cumylperoxyl radical has also been examined in propionitrile (EtCN) at low temperature with use of ESR. The decay rate of cumylperoxyl radical in the presence of 1 was also accelerated by the presence of scandium triflate [Sc(OTf)3 (OTf = OSO2CF3)]. These results indicate that the hydrogen-transfer reaction of (+)-catechin proceeds via electron transfer from 1 to oxyl radicals followed by proton transfer rather than via a one-step hydrogen atom transfer. The coordination of metal ions to the one-electron reduced anions may stabilize the product, resulting in the acceleration of electron transfer.
Nanoplasmonic Sensing Technologies for Molecular Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles (2022)

Exosomes, or more broadly extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as promising cancer biomarkers and present new opportunities for cancer diagnoses and treatment monitoring through liquid biopsies. These cell-derived membrane-bound vesicles are abundantly present and easily accessible in biological fluids. More importantly, they carry various biomaterials, such as proteins, lipids, and genetic materials, which reflect their originating cells and thus can be used as surrogate markers accessible through noninvasive liquid biopsies. Despite the clinical potential, routine, reliable, and sensitive EV analyses are still challenging due to their small sizes under micron and the low sensitivity of conventional analytical methods such as western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA for EV detection. To address these unmet needs, we developed nanoplasmonic sensing technologies to sensitively detect EVs directly from clinical samples. Termed “nPLEX” nano-plasmonic exosomes, it harnesses surface plasmon resonances excited by periodic gold nanohole arrays tuned to have matched sensing range to the size of EVs, maximizing the sensitivity while simplifying the assay procedures. We demonstrated that nPLEX could sensitively detect and profile EVs directly from clinical samples. Using the nPLEX sensors, we showed that i tumor-derived EVs contain protein markers reflective of primary tumor cells; ii nPLEX sensors can rapidly and sensitively detect tumor EVs directly from clinical samples; iii EV analyses offer great clinical potential for cancer diagnostics and longitudinal monitoring of tumor response to therapy.
A partial homo-Favorskii rearrangement in the diterpene series (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA partial homo-Favorskii rearrangement in the diterpene seriesPaolo Ceccherelli, Massimo Curini, Roberto Pellicciari, and Ernest WenkertCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 16, 3172–3174Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00137a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00137a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FC 093EFFICACY OF EXPANDED HEMODIALYSIS AT DIFFERENT DIALYSATE FLOWS (2021)

Abstract Background and Aims Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) is based on hollow fibre dialyzer focused on improving the clearance of middle molecules as a target for uremia treatment. According to in vitro and in vivo results, High cut off filters have high enough clearance to allow diminishing of dialysate flow. Our aim is to compare clearance of middle molecules at different dialysate flow (Qd) in HDx with TheranovaMR membranes. Our aim was to Evaluate efficacy of MCO dialyzer in terms of Kt/V and phosphorus levels at different prescribed dialysate flows (Qd) 400 vs 500 ml/min in HD patients from 10 renal clinics in Colombia. Method We performed a Prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study. Prevalent adult HD patients (&amp;gt;90 days), with weight lower or equal to 70 Kg, were included between September to November 2017 and prospectively followed for one year with routine monthly blood tests for HD adequacy and registered at both Qd groups at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. A mixed-model repeated measures analysis (MMRM) was performed to identify statistical differences over time. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients were summarized descriptively by Qd. Results 462 patients were included: 127 with Qd 400 mL/min. We did not find statistically significative differences in serum levels of albumin, hemoglobin, calcium or phosphorus when comparing Qd 400ml/min vs 500 ml/min. We found statistically higher Kt/V in Qd 400 mL/min patients. (Table 2). In a sustainability analysis, part of Blue Planet dialysis research group, we calculated important savings in water waste in Qd 400 mL/min group. Conclusion MCO dialyzers are at least as effective in reaching HD adequacy parameters (Kt/V, PO4) at Qd 400 as 500 mL/min with interesting savings of potable water: 24 Liters were saved in each session per patient.