gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU-D-BRE-02: Development and Commissioning of A Gated Spot Scanning Proton Beam Therapy System with Real-Time Tumor-Tracking (2014)

Purpose: A novel Proton Beam Therapy system has been developed by integrating Real-Time Tumor-Tracking (RTRT) and discrete spot scanning techniques. The system dedicated for spot scanning delivers significant advantages for both clinical and economical points of view. The system has the ability to control dose distribution with spot scanning beams and to gate the beams from the synchrotron to irradiate moving tumors only when the actual positions of them are within the planned position. Methods: The newly designed system consists of a synchrotron, beam transport systems, a compact and rotating gantry system with robotic couch and two orthogonal sets of X-ray fluoroscopes. The fully compact design of the system has been realized by reducing the maximum energy of the beam to 220MeV, corresponding to 30g/cm2 range and the number of circulating protons per synchrotron operation cycle, due to higher beam utilization efficiency in spot scanning. To improve the irradiation efficiency in the integration of RTRT and spot scanning, a new control system has been developed to enable multiple gated irradiation per operation cycle according to the gating signals. After the completion of the equipment installation, beam tests and commissioning has been successfully performed. Results: The basic performances and beam characteristics through the synchrotron accelerator to iso-center have been confirmed and the performance test of the irradiation nozzle and whole system has been appropriately completed. CBCT image has been checked and sufficient quality was obtained. RTRT system has been demonstrated and realized accurate dose distributions for moving targets. Conclusion: The gated spot scanning Proton Beam Therapy system with Real-Time Tumor-Tracking has been developed, successfully installed and tested. The new system enables us to deliver higher dose to the moving target tumors while sparing surrounding normal tissues and to realize the compact design of the system and facility by maximizing the efficiency of proton beam utilization. This research is granted by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS) through the “Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology(FIRST Program)”, initiated by the Council for Science and Technology Policy(CSTP).
Properties of Extruded Vital Wheat Gluten Sheets with Sodium Hydroxide and Salicylic Acid (2009)

This paper presents a novel approach to improve the barrier and mechanical properties of extruded glycerol-plasticized vital wheat gluten sheets. The sheets were extruded with a single screw extruder at alkaline conditions using 3-5 wt % NaOH. Salicylic acid (SA), known to improve the extrudability of wheat gluten, was also added alone or in combination with NaOH. Oxygen transmission rate and volatile mass measurements, tensile tests, protein solubility, glycerol migration, infrared spectroscopy, and electrophoresis were used to assess the properties of the extrudate. Electrophoresis showed that the gluten/glycerol sheet and the sheet with 3 wt % NaOH and 1 wt % SA contained the same building blocks in terms of proteins and protein subunits, although the protein solubility in these samples was different. The oxygen barrier, at dry conditions, was improved significantly with the addition of NaOH. On the other hand, the addition of salicylic acid yielded poorer barrier properties. The extrudate was placed on a blotting paper and its aging properties were investigated during the first 120 days. It was observed that the extrudate with 3 wt % NaOH had the most suitable combination of properties (low oxygen permeability, large strain at break, and relatively small aging-induced changes in mechanical properties); the reason is probably due to low plasticizer migration and an optimal protein aggregation/polymerization.
Low SAMHD1 expression following T-cell activation and proliferation renders CD4+ T cells susceptible to HIV-1 (2015)

We demonstrate that SAMHD1 expression is decreased during CD4 T-cell activation and proliferation. Also, CD4 T-cell subsets known to be more susceptible to HIV-1 infection, for example, T-helper 17 and follicular helper T cells, display lower levels of SAMHD1. These results pin point a role for SAMHD1 expression in HIV-1 infection and the concomitant depletion of CD4 T cells.
Body movement analysis during sleep for children with ADHD using video image processing (2013)

In recent years, the amount of children with sleep disorders that cause arousal during sleep or light sleep is increasing. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a cause of this sleep disorder; children with ADHD have frequent body movement during sleep. Therefore, we investigated the body movement during sleep of children with and without ADHD using video imaging. We analysed large gross body movements (GM) that occur and obtained the GM rate and the rest duration. There were differences between the body movements of children with ADHD and normally developed children. The children with ADHD moved frequently, so their rest duration was shorter than that of the normally developed children. Additionally, the rate of gross body movement indicated a significant difference in REM sleep (p < 0.05). In the future, we will develop a new device that can easily diagnose children with ADHD, using video image processing.
Hysterical amblyopia: electrodiagnostic and clinical evaluation. (1975)

Six hysterical amblyopes and six controls, matched for age and sex, were evaluated as to acuity, color vision, visual fields, dark adaptometry and visual evoked responses (VER). Although the hysterical amblyopes all showed reduced acuity and constricted visual fields, no statistically significant differences were found for the dark adaptation final thresholds when compared to the control group. VERs to stimuli which were varied with respect to brightness, color, frequency and pattern, did not statistically differentiate hysterical amblyopes from the control group. The results appear to indicate the intactness of the visual pathways up to and including cortical area 17 in hysterical amblyopia.
Organized Polymeric Materials (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Crystalline Polymers Liquid Crystalline Polymeric Materials Periodic Polymeric Structures References
Joining Aluminium Alloy 5A06 to Stainless Steel 321 by Vaporizing Foil Actuators Welding with an Interlayer (2019)

Direct aluminium–stainless steel joints are difficult to create by the vaporized foil actuator welding (VFAW) method because brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) tend to form along the interface. The use of an interlayer as a transition layer between the two materials with vast difference in hardness and ductility was proposed as a solution to reduce the formation of the IMCs. In this work, VFAW was used to successfully weld sheet aluminium alloy 5A06 to stainless steel 321 with a 3003 aluminium alloy interlayer. Input energy levels of 6 kJ, 8 kJ, 10 kJ, and 12 kJ were used and as a trend, higher energy inputs resulted in higher impact velocities, larger weld area, and better mechanical properties. In lap-shear and peel testing, all samples failed at the interface of the interlayer and target. At 10 kJ energy input, flyer velocities up to 935 m/s, lap-shear peak load of 44 kN, and peel load of 2.15 kN were achieved. Microstructure characterization and element distribution were performed, and the results show a wavy pattern created between the flyer and interlayer which have similar properties, and the interface between the interlayer and target was dominated by element diffusion and IMCs identified mainly as FeAl3 and FeAl. The results demonstrate VFAW is a suitable joining method for dissimilar metals such as aluminium alloy and stainless steel, which has a broad and significant application prospect in aerospace and chemical industry.
Vitamin C Loaded Polyethylene: Synthesis and Properties of Precise Polyethylene with Vitamin C Defects via Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polycondensation (2020)

A polyethylene-like polymer with an in-chain vitamin C group was synthesized by olefin metathesis polymerization. Here, we describe both the synthesis and a comprehensive physical characterization. Because of the olefin metathesis synthesis, the vitamin C groups are equidistantly arranged in the polyethylene (PE) main chain. Their separation was adjusted to 20 CH<sub>2</sub> units. After hydrogenation, a semicrystalline polymer is obtained that is soluble in polar solvents. Because of its size and steric effect, the vitamin C acts as a chain defect, which is expelled from the crystal lattice, yielding a lamellar crystal with a homogeneous thickness corresponding to the interdefect distance. The physical properties were examined by various methods including differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. We show that vitamin C retains its radical scavenger properties despite being incorporated into a polyethylene chain. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is degrading in alkaline conditions. To complete its suitability as a biocompatible material, cytotoxicity and cell uptake experiments were performed. We show that the polymer is nontoxic and that it is taken up in nanoparticular form via endocytosis processes into the cytoplasm of cells.
A generic micro-architectural test plan approach for microprocessor verification (2005)

Modern microprocessors share several common types of micro-architectural building blocks. The rising complexity of the micro-architecture increases the risk of bugs and the difficulty of achieving comprehensive verification. We propose a methodology to exploit the commonality in the different microprocessors to create a design-independent micro-architectural test plan. Our method allows the testing of the huge micro-architectural test space by using systematic partitioning, which offers a high level of comprehensiveness of the tested behaviors. We show how this method was used to find bugs during verification of an actual high-end microprocessor. Our results show the advantages of this approach over the more traditional test methods that use design specific test plans or that use tools with little micro-architectural knowledge for covering micro-architectural aspects of the design.
Adaptive imaging on a diagnostic ultrasound scanner at quasi real-time rates (2006)

Constructing an ultrasonic imaging system capable of compensating for phase errors in real-time is a significant challenge in adaptive imaging. We present a versatile adaptive imaging system capable of updating arrival time profiles at frame rates of approximately 2 frames per second (fps) with 1-D arrays and up to 0.81 fps for 1.75-D arrays, depending on the desired near-field phase correction algorithm. A novel feature included in this system is the ability to update the aberration profile at multiple beam locations for 1-D arrays. The features of this real-time adaptive imaging system are illustrated in tissue-mimicking phantoms with physical near-field phase screens and evaluated in clinical breast tissue with a 1.75-D array. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of anechoic cysts was shown to improve dramatically in the tissue-mimicking phantoms. In breast tissue, the width of point-like targets showed significant improvement: a reduction of 26.2% on average. Brightness of these targets, however, marginally decreased by 3.9%. For larger structures such as cysts, little improvement in features and CNR were observed, which is likely a result of the system assuming an infinite isoplanatic patch size for the 1.75-D arrays. The necessary requirements for constructing a real-time adaptive imaging system are also discussed.
Guest Editorial (2006)

"Guest Editorial." IETE Technical Review, 23(4), p. 214 Additional informationNotes on contributorsSubrat KarGUEST EDITORSubrat Kar graduated with Honours in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from the Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani in 1987. He holds a Doctoral Degree in Electrical Communication Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (1991). He has been with the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste as a Post-Doctoral Fellow (1991–1994). Presently he is a Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering and the Bharti School of Telecommunication Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. His research areas are in optical communication, switching, access technologies, telecommunication protocols, embedded systems and high speed networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Pinacol Cross Coupling of 2‐(N‐(Alkoxycarbonyl)amino) Aldehydes and Aliphatic Aldehydes by (V2Cl3(THF)6)2(Zn2Cl6). Synthesis of syn,syn‐3‐( N‐(Alkoxycarbonyl)amino) 1,2‐Diols. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Kinetic resolution of racemic α-hydroxyphosphonates by asymmetric esterification using achiral carboxylic acids with pivalic anhydride and a chiral acyl-transfer catalyst (2013)

A practical protocol is developed to directly provide chiral α-acyloxyphosphonates and α-hydroxyphosphonates from (±)-α-hydroxyphosphonates utilizing the transacylation process to generate the mixed anhydrides from acid components and pivalic anhydride in the presence of organocatalysts (s-value = 33-518).
CD8+CXCR5+T Cells Regulate Pathology in the Genital Tract (2013)

We have identified a CD8⁺CXCR5⁺ T cell that prevents the development of oviduct dilation following C. muridarum genital infection. Phenotypic studies show that CD8⁺CXCR5⁺ cells express markers of T regulatory cells (FoxP3, CD25, and GITR) but do not express a necessary component of cytotoxic cells (perforin). Cxcr5⁻/⁻ mice have significantly lower numbers of CD8⁺ cells and lack the CD8⁺CXCR5⁺ population while the total number of CD4⁺ cells is equivalent between mouse strains. The transfer of CD8⁺ splenocytes from WT mice reduces the oviduct dilation seen in Cxcr5⁻/⁻ mice following C. muridarum infection. Future studies will investigate the mechanism by which this cell type regulates genital tract pathology.
Poloxamer sols endowed with in-situ gelability and mucoadhesion by adding hypromellose and hyaluronan for prolonging corneal retention and drug delivery (2023)

The purpose of this study was to develop poloxamer (P407)-based in-situ thermogellable hydrogels with reducing concentration of P407 by adding hypromellose (HPMC) and with enhancing mucoadhesion of resulting hydrogels by adding hyaluronic acid (HA) for prolonging ocular delivery of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD)-solubilized testosterone (TES). Results demonstrated that 0.5% TES solution was successfully solubilized with adding 10% HPβCD. Non-gellable 13% P407 sol became in-situ gellable with adding 2.0-2.5% HPMC and mucoadhesibility was further imporved with adding 0.3% HA-L (low MW) or HA-H (high MW). Optimized 0.5% HPβCD-solubilized TES P407-based thermogellable hydrogels with enhancement of mucoadhesion for prolonging ocular delivery comprised 13% P407, 2.5% HPMC, and 0.3% HA-L or HA-H. Furthermore, rheological measurements under simulated eye blinking confirmed that non-thixotropic properties of optimized hydrogels could be spreaded evenly and retain a greater amount of drug-loaded hydrogels on the ocular surface for a longer period to prolong drug delivery. Compared with conventional eye drops, the prolonged residence time of optimized hydrogels from ex vivo and in vivo studies were observed, indicating relationships between rheological properties and in vivo performances. It was concluded that P407-based thermosensitive hydrogels with reducing concentration of P407 and enhancing mucoadhesion was successfully formulated by adding 2.5% HPMC and 0.3% HA in 13% P407 for potentially accomplishing effective clinical treatment of DED.
Controlling nanomaterial synthesis, chemical reactions and self assembly in dynamic thin films (2013)

Recent advances in continuous-flow processors, which integrate sustainability metrics including scalability, have established their utility in materials and chemical processing. In this review the spinning disc processor (SDP) and the related rotating tube processor (RTP), are highlighted in the use of highly sheared and micro-mixed dynamic thin films in gaining control over such processing for a wide range of applications. Both SDP and RTP have a number of control parameters beyond traditional batch processing which are effective in (i) manipulating the size, shape, defects, agglomeration, and precipitation of nanoparticles, as well as decorating preformed nano-structures, for a variety of inorganic and organic compounds, (ii) controlling chemical reactivity and selectivity including the formation of polymers, and (iii) disassembling self organised nano-structures, as a tool for probing macromolecular structure under shear conditions.
White Paper on Multicarrier Excitation of Multipactor Breakdown: A Survey of Current Methods and Research Opportunities (2015)

Abstract : Multipactor breakdown is a failure mode that occurs in RF systems and system components that operate in a vacuum. For component and system verification, multipactor is treated as a peak field and voltage phenomena where the verification power level is chosen such that the maximum instantaneous operational voltage in the component is excited. In a single carrier system, this power level is fairly straightforward to determine. However, for RF components exposed to multiple distinct signals simultaneously, there are a variety of methods used to address multipactor breakdown verification. This white paper describes methods of assessment and possibly to mitigate multipactor for spacecraft components in multiple carrier systems [1 ] [3]. The methods described in this paper highlight existing approaches used in the U.S. space industry. This paper serves as a survey of current practice and is not meant to be used as a set of requirements. This document will also highlight the advantages and limitations of the various methods currently in use. This document will also reference new analysis methods under investigation for multicarrier excitation threshold prediction based on a survey of the research literature. In general, this topic is in need of additional basic and applied research and validation in order to further improve industry understanding prior to application.
Comparative Analyses of Anti-hypertensive Effects of Commercial Collagen Peptides in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2013)

ニワトリ由来コラーゲンペプチド CCOP およびブタ由来コラーゲンペプチド P-LAP を自然発症性高血圧ラット SHR に 14 週間連続摂取させる長期飼育試験を実施した．その結果，SHR の収縮期血圧において，CCOP 摂取群は，対照群に比べて 8 週目および 14 週目で，P-LAP 摂取群に比べて 14 週目に有意な低値を示した．また拡張期血圧においても，CCOP 摂取群は P-LAP 摂取群に比べて 14 週目に有意な低値を示した．一方，対照群と P-LAP 摂取群の間の血圧値にはいずれも有意な変化は認められなかった．また，病理組織観察の結果，CCOP 摂取群は対照群に比べて，肝臓および心臓において緩やかな臓器保護現象が認められた．
Effect of kihito extract granules on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's‐type dementia (2007)

Background: It has been recently suggested that Japanese herbal (kampo) medicines, such as kami‐untan‐to, may improve cognitive function in elderly subjects with Alzheimer's disease. Polygalae radix is thought to be a useful component of kami‐untan‐to because it enhances the activity of choline acetyltransferase in cultured neuronal cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the safety and usefulness of kihito extract granules, a commercially available Japanese herbal medicine that contains P. radix , for elderly patients with senile dementia. Methods: Seventy‐five elderly subjects (84.4 ± 6.4 years) with senile dementia of Alzheimer type according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th edition criteria were randomly assigned to the non‐treatment, goshajinkigan (control kampo medicine) or kihito groups. Each medicine was given three times a day for 3 months. Results: There was no severe adverse event in any of the groups. We examined the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the activities of daily living (ADL) scale and cerebrovascular single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after treatment. MMSE scores were significantly improved only in the kihito group (+1.65 ± 0.53) but not in the non‐treatment (−0.3 ± 0.67) and goshajinkigan (−0.58 ± 0.49) groups. ADL scores remained unchanged in all groups. Treatment with kihito was not associated with an increase in cerebral blood flow. Conclusion: These results propose that kihito may be useful and has potential to be tested as a medicine for Alzheimer's‐type senile dementia, although further examination is required to clarify the mechanism of the improving effect of kihito on cognitive function.
Cervical carcinoma in the elderly (2004)

Age is an important factor in the allocation of treatment and survival for patients with cervical carcinoma. Elderly women with cervical carcinoma are more likely to receive primary radiotherapy, to forego treatment, and to die from their disease.
The simultaneous measurement of light and current pulses in liquid dielectrics (1983)

It is well established that light pulses are emitted during prebreakdown in liquid dielectrics [1,2,3]. These light pulses have been associated with the growth of negative streamers under divergent field conditions. Several attempts have been made to measure current pulses associated with the streamer growth. In two cases, current and light observations were correlated, however, in the case of Nelson, dc voltages were used[2,4]. Yamashita used transformer oil and 5 mm gaps under impulse conditions. To correlate streamer growth, light emission, and current pulses, it is of interest to use simple liquids to examine, simutaneously, the emission of light and prebreakdown current under non-uniform field conditions. In the following section, the experimental conditions used for this study are described. This is followed by a presentation of the results. In the last section, the significance of these results is discussed.
Interoperable PKI Data Distribution in Computational Grids (2009)

One of the most successful working examples of virtual organizations, computational grids need authentication mechanisms that inter-operate across domain boundaries. Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) provide sufficient flexibility to allow resource managers to securely grant access to their systems in such distributed environments. However, as PKIs grow and services are added to enhance both security and usability, users and applications must struggle to discover available resources-particularly when the Certification Authority (CA) is alien to the relying party. This paper presents how to overcome these limitations of the current grid authentication model by integrating the PKI Resource Query Protocol (PRQP) into the Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI).