gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plastics of the Future? The Impact of Biodegradable Polymers on the Environment and on Society (2018)

In recent years the littering of plastics and the problems related to their persistence in the environment have become a major focus in both research and the news. Biodegradable polymers like poly(lactic acid) are seen as a suitable alternative to commodity plastics. However, poly(lactic acid) is basically non-degradable in seawater. Similarly, the degradation rate of other biodegradable polymers also crucially depends on the environments they end up in, such as soil or marine water, or when used in biomedical devices. In this Minireview, we show that biodegradation tests carried out in artificial environments lack transferability to real conditions and, therefore, highlight the necessity of environmentally authentic and relevant field-testing conditions. In addition, we focus on ecotoxicological implications of biodegradable polymers. We also consider the social aspects and ask how biodegradable polymers influence consumer behavior and municipal waste management. Taken together, this study is intended as a contribution towards evaluating the potential of biodegradable polymers as alternative materials to commodity plastics.
Ultrabroadband integrated photonic filters for waveguide-based sensing systems (2019)

We describe the design and characterization of broadband, multi-stage waveguide lattice filters intended for integrated photonic sensing systems. The 8-stage filter provides 20 dB extinction at the filter resonance adjacent to a 190 μm passband. © 2019 The Author(s)
Mechanistic figures of merit for die-attach materials (2002)

Delamination and/or rupture of the die-attach layer are among the primary failure mechanisms in plastic IC packages and often lower the threshold for other mechanical, as well as electrical, failure mechanisms. Die-attach failure is generally caused by the thermal expansion (contraction) mismatch of dissimilar materials and the consequent development of axial and shear stresses in the adhesive and along the material interfaces. To enhance the reliability of plastic packaging it is thus desirable to select the most reliable and cost-effective die-attach material. Analysis of an ideal tri-material structure, using a force and momentum balance, makes it possible to derive analytical relations for the axial and shear stresses in a die-attach layer. Based on these analytical relations, which are validated against FEM results, the critical material properties can be selected and used for the development of Figures-of-Merit (FOM) for material selection. These FOMs are then used to evaluate the effects of moisture on the selection of the die-attach materials.
Selective Photocleavage of DNA and RNA by Anthraquinone Derivatives: Targeting the Single-Strand Region of Hairpin Structures (1999)

A tetracationic anthraquinone derivative (27AQS2) binds to hairpin DNA and RNA. Ultraviolet irradiation of the bound quinone causes cleavage in the loop region of both oligonucleotides and at guanines in the stem region of the DNA hairpin. The absence of observable strand cleavage at guanines in the RNA hairpin suggests that either aniline treatment does not cause cleavage at damaged guanines in RNA or that radical cation migration does not occur readily in RNA duplexes. The ability to target the single-stranded regions of DNA and RNA structures is an important property of this photonuclease.
Crystal structure of Bis(O-ethylxanthato)-1,10-phenanthrolinecadmium(II) (1976)

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cd(C12H8N2)(CS2OEt)2], has been determined by X-ray crystallography using diffractometer data at 295 K and refined by full matrix least squares to a residual of 0.06 for 1350 'observed' reflections. Crystals are orthorhombic, P bcn , a = 14.870(4), b = 14.549(8), c = 10.249(1) Å, Z = 4. The molecule lies on a twofold crystallographic axis; the phenanthroline ligand is symmetrically bidentate [Cd-N, 2.386(8) Å], while the ethylxanthateligand is somewhat asymmetric [Cd-S, 2.647(3), 2.727(3)4 with a correspondingly asymmetric C-S geometry [C-S, 1.72(1), 1.66(1) Å].
Deep-Learning–Based Pre-Diagnosis Assessment Module for Retinal Photographs: A Multicenter Study (2021)

The proposed DL-based pre-diagnosis module realized accurate and automated assessments of image quality, field of view, and laterality of the eye of retinal photographs, which could be further integrated into AI-based models to improve operational flow for enhancing disease screening and diagnosis.
High-speed dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator using thin lithium niobate substrate (2008)

We present a high-speed dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator with thin substrate. Modulator frequency response was investigated by network analyzer and optical spectrum analyzer based techniques. Clear eye opening was achieved at 87 Gbaud with on-off-keying.
Accessibility, transcription, and access everywhere (2005)

Accessibility in the workplace and in academic settings has increased dramatically for users with disabilities, driven by greater awareness, legislative mandate, and technological improvements. Gaps, however, remain. For persons who are deaf and hard of hearing in particular, full participation requires complete access to audio materials, both for live settings and for prerecorded audio and visual information. Even for users with adequate hearing, captioned or transcribed materials offer another modality for information access, one that can be particularly useful in certain situations, such as listening in noisy environments, interpreting speakers with strong accents, or searching audio media for specific information. Providing this level of access through fully automated means is currently beyond the state of the art. This paper details a number of key advances in audio access that have occurred over the last five years. We describe the Liberated Learning Project, a consortium of universities worldwide, which is piloting technologies to create real-time access for students who are deaf and hard of hearing, without intermediary assistance. In support of this project, IBM Research has created the ViaScribe™ tool that converts speech recognition output to a viable captioning interface. Additional inventions and incremental improvements to speech recognition for captioning are described, as well as future directions.
Singlet oxygen oxidation of bipyrroles: total synthesis of d,l- and meso-isochrysohermidin (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSinglet oxygen oxidation of bipyrroles: total synthesis of d,l- and meso-isochrysohermidinHarry H. Wasserman, Robert W. DeSimone, Dale L. Boger, and Carmen M. BaldinoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 18, 8457–8458Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00071a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00071a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Overview of Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol communications (2009)

Journal Article Overview of Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol communications Get access Dennis A. Tribble, Pharm. D. Dennis A. Tribble, Pharm. D. Chief Technology Officer ForHealth Technologies, Inc. 790 Fentress Boulevard Daytona Beach, FL 32114-1214 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 66, Issue 5, 1 March 2009, Pages 446–448, https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp070591 Published: 01 March 2009
The chromatin landscape of Th17 cells reveals mechanisms of diversification of regulatory and pro-inflammatory states (2022)

Abstract Th17 cells are a heterogenous cell population consisting of non-pathogenic Th17 cells (npTh17) that contribute to tissue homeostasis and pathogenic Th17 cells (pTh17) that are potent mediators of tissue inflammation. To reveal regulatory mechanisms underlying Th17 heterogeneity, we performed combined ATAC-seq and RNA-seq and discovered substantial differences in the chromatin landscape of npTh17 and pTh17 cells both in vitro and in vivo . Compared to other CD4 + T cell subsets, npTh17 cells share accessible chromatin programs with T regs , and pTh17 cells have an intermediate profile spanning features of npTh17 cells and Th1 cells. Integrating single-cell ATAC-seq and single-cell RNA-seq, we inferred self-reinforcing and mutually exclusive regulatory networks controlling the different cell states and predicted transcription factors (TFs) shaping the chromatin landscape of Th17 cell pathogenicity. We validated one novel TF, BACH2, which promotes immunomodulatory npTh17 programs and restrains pro-inflammatory Th1-like programs in Th17 cells and showed genetic evidence for protective variants in the human BACH2 locus associated with multiple sclerosis. Our work uncovered mechanisms that regulate Th17 heterogeneity, revealed shared regulatory programs with other CD4 + T cell subsets, and identified novel drivers of Th17 pathogenicity as potential targets to mitigate autoimmunity.
Metalens for structured light (2018)

Metasurfaces have very wide application such as beam de- flection, holographic images, polarization generation, tunable meta-devices, sensing, achromatic metalens [1] and pixel-level full-color routing [2][3]. Metalens have great ability in light focusing and can be tailored to exhibit varied functionalities in ultrathin optical applications. A metalens is realized by using integrated-resonant unit elements whose geometric phase are combined with phase compensation from integrated-resonant unit elements. In this work, we use metalens array to project a focused light spots array which has potential in the structure light application.
Massive MIMO Unlicensed: A New Approach to Dynamic Spectrum Access (2017)

Nowadays, the demand for wireless mobile services is copious, and will continue increasing in the near future. Mobile cellular operators are therefore looking at the unlicensed spectrum as an economical supplement to augment the capacity of their soon-to-be overloaded networks. The same unlicensed bands are luring internet service providers, venue owners, and authorities into autonomously setting up and managing their high-performance private networks. In light of this exciting future, ensuring coexistence between multiple unlicensed technologies becomes a pivotal issue. So far this issue has been merely addressed via inefficient sharing schemes based on intermittent transmission. In this article, we present the fundamentals and the main challenges behind massive MIMO unlicensed, a brand-new approach for technology coexistence in the unlicensed bands, which is envisioned to boost spectrum reuse for a plethora of use cases.
Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems: physics and applications in dispersion-engineered silicon nanophotonic wires (2009)

The nonlinear optics of Si photonic wires is discussed. The distinctive features of
these waveguides are that they have extremely large third-order susceptibility χ(3) and dispersive properties. The strong dispersion and large
third-order nonlinearity in Si photonic wires cause the linear and nonlinear optical
physics in these guides to be intimately linked. By carefully choosing the waveguide
dimensions, both linear and nonlinear optical properties of Si wires can be
engineered. We review the fundamental optical physics and emerging applications for
these Si wires. In many cases, the relatively low threshold powers for nonlinear
optical effects in these wires make them potential candidates for functional on-chip
nonlinear optical devices of just a few millimeters in length; conversely, the
absence of nonlinear optical impairment is important for the use of Si wires in
on-chip interconnects. In addition, the characteristic length scales of linear and
nonlinear optical effects in Si wires are markedly different from those in commonly
used optical guiding systems, such as optical fibers or photonic crystal fibers, and
therefore guiding structures based on Si wires represent ideal optical media for
investigating new and intriguing physical phenomena.
Hysteroscopic transcervical resection is useful to diagnose myometrial invasion in atypical polypoid adenomyoma coexisting with atypical endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial cancer with suspicious myometrial invasion (2014)

In patients with APAM and AEH or EMG1, TCR may aid accurate diagnosis when myometrial invasion is unclear on diagnostic imaging.
Preventing Cell-to-Cell Propagation of Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2020)

It is presumed that heat generated from a trigger cell under thermal runaway (TR) in multi-cell Li-ion batteries is transferred to adjacent cells mostly by convection of ejected hot matter (and to a lesser degree by direct contact and radiative heat transfer). Therefore, venting the energized materials (ejecta) from the battery compartment should prevent cell-to-cell TR propagation. However, engineering solutions to vent ejecta from TR of an individual cell fail to prevent TR propagation, subsequently causing battery fires. Real-time in situ FTIR spectroscopy of ejecta from a cell driven into TR demonstrates that large amounts of carbonate esters are already vented from the cell before it goes into TR. The vented hot gases cool down and condense on top of adjacent cells. Subsequently, when the trigger cell reaches TR, this condensate ignites, transferring heat and potentially driving the receiving cells into TR. Computational fluid dynamics and thermal simulations of this pathway support the experimental findings. Numerical results indicate that a fraction of the solvent vented from the trigger cell is sufficient for efficient TR propagation. Our results shed new light on thermal propagation in multi-cell Li-ion batteries and suggest novel methods to prevent TR propagation.
Catalyst‐Controlled Stereoselective Olefin Metathesis as a Principal Strategy in Multistep Synthesis Design: A Concise Route to (+)‐Neopeltolide (2014)

Abstract Molybdenum‐, tungsten‐, and ruthenium‐based complexes that control the stereochemical outcome of olefin metathesis reactions have been recently introduced. However, the complementary nature of these systems through their combined use in multistep complex molecule synthesis has not been illustrated. A concise diastereo‐ and enantioselective route that furnishes the anti‐proliferative natural product neopeltolide is now disclosed. Catalytic transformations are employed to address every stereochemical issue. Among the featured processes are an enantioselective ring‐opening/cross‐metathesis promoted by a Mo monoaryloxide pyrrolide (MAP) complex and a macrocyclic ring‐closing metathesis that affords a trisubstituted alkene and is catalyzed by a Mo bis(aryloxide) species. Furthermore, Z ‐selective cross‐metathesis reactions, facilitated by Mo and Ru complexes, have been employed in the stereoselective synthesis of the acyclic dienyl moiety of the target molecule.
Shigella Manipulates Host Immune Responses by Delivering Effector Proteins with Specific Roles (2015)

The intestinal epithelium deploys multiple defense systems against microbial infection to sense bacterial components and danger alarms, as well as to induce intracellular signal transduction cascades that trigger both the innate and the adaptive immune systems, which are pivotal for bacterial elimination. However, many enteric bacterial pathogens, including Shigella, deliver a subset of virulence proteins (effectors) via the type III secretion system (T3SS) that enable bacterial evasion from host immune systems; consequently, these pathogens are able to efficiently colonize the intestinal epithelium. In this review, we present and select recently discovered examples of interactions between Shigella and host immune responses, with particular emphasis on strategies that bacteria use to manipulate inflammatory outputs of host-cell responses such as cell death, membrane trafficking, and innate and adaptive immune responses.
Variations in Microanatomy of the Human Modiolus: Implications for Cochlear Implants (2021)

Abstract Human cochlear anatomy is highly variable. The phenomenon has been first described qualitatively, followed by a quantitative variability assessment with detailed anatomical models of the human cochlea. However, all previous work focused on lateral cochlear wall. Few information is available on the variability of the modiolar wall. Modiolar variability, likely determined by variability in the spiral ganglion, provides key information on when during ontogenesis the individual cochlear morphology is established: before and/or after neuronal structures are formed. In the present study we analyzed 108 corrosion casts, 95 clinical cone beam computer tomographies and 15 µCTs of human cochleae and observed modiolar variability of similar and larger extent than the lateral wall variability. Lateral wall measures correlated with modiolar wall measures significantly. ~49% of the variability has a common cause, very likely established already during the time when the spiral ganglion is formed. Proximity of other neuronal and vascular structures, defining the remaining variability in scalar spaces, are determined later in ontogenesis, when the scalae are formed. The present data further allows implications for perimodiolar cochlear implants and their tip fold-overs. In particular, the data demonstrate that tip fold-overs of preformed implants likely result from the morphology of the modiolus (with radius changing from base to apex), and that optimal cochlear implantation of perimodiolar arrays cannot be guaranteed without an individualized surgical technique.
Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
An interface to connect a 16-channel transmit array to an 8-channel parallel transmit system (2015)

For head sized volume transmit arrays at ultra-high field, 16 coil elements arranged in 2x8 is beneficial than eight coils arranged in 2x4 configuration. The aim of this project is to develop and qualify an interface to connect a 16-channel transmit array to an 8-channel parallel transmit system. The interface module consists of eight capacitive loaded miniaturized Wilkinson power splitters. Each pTx channel drives two coil elements through the interface module. Transmit (B1+) field maps were acquired in both CP mode and CP2+ mode and compared with the numerical model. The transmit array performance closely followed the predicted results.
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Oncoprotein Tax Promotes Unscheduled Degradation of Pds1p/Securin and Clb2p/Cyclin B1 and Causes Chromosomal Instability (2003)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. The HTLV-1 transactivator, Tax, is implicated as the viral oncoprotein. Naïve cells expressing Tax for the first time develop severe cell cycle abnormalities that include increased DNA synthesis, mitotic arrest, appearance of convoluted nuclei with decondensed DNA, and formation of multinucleated cells. Here we report that Tax causes a drastic reduction in Pds1p/securin and Clb2p/cyclin B levels in yeast, rodent, and human cells and a loss of cell viability. With a temperature-sensitive mutant of the CDC23 subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), cdc23(ts); a temperature-sensitive mutant of cdc20; and a cdh1-null mutant, we show that the diminution of Pds1p and Clb2p brought on by Tax is mediated via the Cdc20p-associated anaphase-promoting complex, APC(Cdc20p). This loss of Pds1p/securin and Clb2p/cyclin B1 occurred before cellular entry into mitosis, caused a G(2)/M cell cycle block, and was accompanied by severe chromosome aneuploidy in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and human diploid fibroblasts. Our results support the notion that Tax aberrantly targets and activates APC(Cdc20p), leading to unscheduled degradation of Pds1p/securin and Clb2p/cyclin B1, a delay or failure in mitotic entry and progression, and faulty chromosome transmission. The chromosomal instability resulting from a Tax-induced deficiency in securin and cyclin B1 provides an explanation for the highly aneuploid nature of adult T-cell leukemia cells.
Non‐Aggregating Octasubstituted Dendritic Phthalocyanines (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Large Displays Enhance Optical Flow Cues and Narrow the Gender Gap in 3-D Virtual Navigation (2006)

These findings provide a significant contribution, including recommendations for the improved presentation of 3-D environments, backed by empirical data demonstrating performance benefits during navigation tasks. APPLICATION. Results can be used to design systems that narrow the gender gap in domains such as teleoperation and virtual environments for entertainment, virtual training, or information visualization.
Crystals of soluble interleukin‐1 receptor complexed with its natural antagonist reveal a 1:1 receptor‐ligand complex (1995)

Interleukin-1 is a cytokine involved in the acute phase response against infection and injury. We obtained crystals of a complex of soluble, recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor and recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, a naturally occurring antagonist. The crystals are suitable for X-ray analysis and diffract to 2.7 A resolution. Solvent content calculations indicate that the crystals contain one receptor and one antagonist molecule per asymmetric unit. Other receptor to antagonist ratios are highly unlikely. These results suggest that the interleukin-1 antagonist binds a single receptor molecule and does not cause receptor aggregation.