gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invariant Scattering Convolution Networks (2013)

A wavelet scattering network computes a translation invariant image representation which is stable to deformations and preserves high-frequency information for classification. It cascades wavelet transform convolutions with nonlinear modulus and averaging operators. The first network layer outputs SIFT-type descriptors, whereas the next layers provide complementary invariant information that improves classification. The mathematical analysis of wavelet scattering networks explains important properties of deep convolution networks for classification. A scattering representation of stationary processes incorporates higher order moments and can thus discriminate textures having the same Fourier power spectrum. State-of-the-art classification results are obtained for handwritten digits and texture discrimination, with a Gaussian kernel SVM and a generative PCA classifier.
Detecting Machine-Translated Text using Back Translation (2019)

Machine-translated text plays a crucial role in the communication of people using different languages. However, adversaries can use such text for malicious purposes such as plagiarism and fake review. The existing methods detected a machine-translated text only using the text’s intrinsic content, but they are unsuitable for classifying the machine-translated and human-written texts with the same meanings. We have proposed a method to extract features used to distinguish machine/human text based on the similarity between the intrinsic text and its back-translation. The evaluation of detecting translated sentences with French shows that our method achieves 75.0% of both accuracy and F-score. It outperforms the existing methods whose the best accuracy is 62.8% and the F-score is 62.7%. The proposed method even detects more efficiently the back-translated text with 83.4% of accuracy, which is higher than 66.7% of the best previous accuracy. We also achieve similar results not only with F-score but also with similar experiments related to Japanese. Moreover, we prove that our detector can recognize both machine-translated and machine-back-translated texts without the language information which is used to generate these machine texts. It demonstrates the persistence of our method in various applications in both low- and rich-resource languages.
Steam reforming of biomass-derived ethanol for the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications (2001)

Ni/La2O3 catalyst exhibits high activity and good long term stability for steam reforming of ethanol to hydrogen production and is a good candidate for ethanol reforming processors for fuel cell applications.
Effect of acute or daily cocaine administration on cellular immune response and virus infection in mice. (1990)

The effects of in vivo cocaine administrations on cellular cytotoxicity were studied. Cocaine induced a dose-related immunosuppression of natural killer cell activity, with maximal depression at 1-5 mg/kg. In addition, the degree of inhibition following a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous cocaine dose (acute treatment, 1 mg/kg) was similar to that after repeated administration (subchronic treatment: 1 mg/kg/day i.p. for 7 consecutive days or subcutaneous administration by Alzet 2001 osmotic minipumps). T cells from cocaine-treated mice failed to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mixed lymphocyte cultures and acute or subchronic cocaine treatment also inhibited CTL generation in vivo. On the other hand, acute administration induced a very rapid (24-hour) inhibition of natural cytotoxicity, with a return to normal within 72 h after treatment. By contrast, repeated doses led to more protracted immunologic consequences and a delayed recovery (144 h). The effect of cocaine on susceptibility to influenza virus (PR8) infection was also investigated. Both acute and subchronic treatment significantly decreased resistance to PR8 infection. The results clearly indicate that cocaine has a potent suppressive effect on cellular immunity and that abuse can adversely affect the outcome of infectious diseases.
Kinetic Study on the Catalytic Effect of Ionic Liquids on the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Co‐initiated by Imine Bases (2014)

The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) co‐initiated by imine bases (IBA) is significantly accelerated by ionic liquids (ILs). IL traces added to an imine base/MMA mixture lead to both a significant decrease of the IBA polymerization activation temperature (as well as the Arrhenius activation energy) and an increase of the polymerization rate. The radical character of the polymerization is proved by copolymerization experiments of MMA with methacrylonitrile and comparison with literature known copolymerization parameters. The polymerization kinetics and temperature dependence of this process in the presence of the IL are quantified by the polymerization rate law, revealing the tremendous impact of the IL on the monomer consumption. The mechanistic interpretations are supported by DFT calculations. The activation of the IBA polymerization is strongly dependent on the IL interaction strengths with the IBA components, as suggested by correlation of k P with the empirically determined Kamlet–Taft parameters α and β of the IL. Complex interaction events are responsible for the acceleration. image
Synergistic effects of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms on insulin resistance -the Tanno-Sobetsu study (2005)

Journal Article P-197: Synergistic effects of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms on insulin resistance -the Tanno-Sobetsu study Get access Hiroshi Akasaka, Hiroshi Akasaka 1Department of Geriatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tomohiro Katsuya, Tomohiro Katsuya 1Department of Geriatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shigeyuki Saitoh, Shigeyuki Saitoh 1Department of Geriatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kazuaki Shimamoto, Kazuaki Shimamoto 1Department of Geriatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Toshio Ogihara Toshio Ogihara 1Department of Geriatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 18, Issue S4, May 2005, Page 78A, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.03.214 Published: 01 May 2005
Plasmonic nanopillar arrays for optical trapping, biosensing, and spectroscopy (2011)

In this work, we propose a unique plasmonic substrate that combine the strength of localized and extended surface plasmons for optical trapping, spectroscopy and biosensing, all in the same platform. The system is based on periodic arrays of gold nanopillars fabricated on a thin gold sheet. The proposed periodic structure exhibits high refractive index sensitivities, as large as 675 nm/RIU which is highly desirable for biosensing applications. The spectrally sharp resonances, we determine a figure of merit, as large as 112.5. The nanopillar array also supports easily accessible high near-field enhancements, as large as 10.000 times, for surface enhanced spectroscopy. The plasmonic hot spots with high intensity enhancement lead to large gradient forces, 350 pN/W/&mu;m<sup>2</sup>, needed for optical trapping applications.
RNA splicing programs define tissue compartments and cell types at single cell resolution (2021)

Abstract More than 95% of human genes are alternatively spliced. Yet, the extent splicing is regulated at single-cell resolution has remained controversial due to both available data and methods to interpret it. We apply the SpliZ, a new statistical approach that is agnostic to transcript annotation, to detect cell-type-specific regulated splicing in &gt; 110K carefully annotated single cells from 12 human tissues. Using 10x data for discovery, 9.1% of genes with computable SpliZ scores are cell-type specifically spliced. These results are validated with RNA FISH, single cell PCR, and in high throughput with Smart-seq2. Regulated splicing is found in ubiquitously expressed genes such as actin light chain subunit MYL6 and ribosomal protein RPS24 , which has an epithelial-specific microexon. 13% of the statistically most variable splice sites in cell-type specifically regulated genes are also most variable in mouse lemur or mouse. SpliZ analysis further reveals 170 genes with regulated splicing during sperm development using, 10 of which are conserved in mouse and mouse lemur. The statistical properties of the SpliZ allow model-based identification of subpopulations within otherwise indistinguishable cells based on gene expression, illustrated by subpopulations of classical monocytes with stereotyped splicing, including an un-annotated exon, in SAT1 , a Diamine acetyltransferase. Together, this unsupervised and annotation-free analysis of differential splicing in ultra high throughput droplet-based sequencing of human cells across multiple organs establishes splicing is regulated cell-type-specifically independent of gene expression.
Electrochemically grown nanoporous MnO2 nanowalls on a porous carbon substrate with enhanced capacitance through faster ionic and electrical mobility (2014)

We report the deposition of uniform porous MnO2 nanowalls on a conducting carbon fiber substrate using a simple electrochemical method, which produces ordered nano-channels demarcated by the MnO2 walls for easy ion transport and a continuous electron path created by the carbon backbone. The system achieves a specific capacitance of 1149 F g(-1) and retains 565 F g(-1) even at dragging conditions as high as 100 A g(-1).
Biased AMR field strength sensor with small hysteresis and high stability (2014)

Field strength sensors based on the AMR effect require field biasing concept to guarantee a unique signal characteristic. The exchange bias approach using a natural antiferromagnetic material is an advantageous possibility to provide a field bias to the sensor. PtMn exhibits a high thermal robustness and a high blocking temperature i.e. a good exchange bias coupling even at high temperatures. However, PtMn provokes a magnetically hysteretic behavior of the AMR layer. An antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling to an additionally introduced directly exchange bias coupled pinned layer significantly reduces the observed magnetic hysteresis. By adapting the interlayer coupling and the thickness of the pinned layer the hysteresis as well as the linear range of the sensor can be modified. The experimental findings will be qualitatively explained by a Stoner-Wohlfarth model.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae PIII has a role on NG1873 outer membrane localization and is involved in bacterial adhesion to human cervical and urethral epithelial cells (2013)

Here we demonstrated that the PIII protein does not play a key structural role in the membrane organization of gonococcus and does not induce major effects on the expression of the main outer membrane proteins. However, in the PIII knock-out strain, the NG1873 protein is not localized in the outer membrane as it is in the wild-type strain suggesting a possible interaction of PIII with NG1873. The evidence that PIII binds to human epithelial cells derived from the female and male genital tract highlights a possible role of PIII in the virulence of gonococcus and suggests that the structural homology to OmpA is conserved also at functional level.
Preparation of d,l-Phenylalanine by Amidocarbonylation of Benzyl Chloride (1996)

The preparation of d,l-phenylalanine via amidocarbonylation of benzyl chloride with acetamide and CO/H2 is described. The rate of the reaction is dependent upon the CO pressure below 250 bar, but independent of the hydrogen pressure. A reaction temperature of 100 °C gives optimum yields. A relatively large amount of the catalyst, Co2(CO)8, is needed for complete conversion because of inhibition caused by hydrogen chloride which is formed during the reaction. Addition of NaHCO3 removes HCl as insoluble NaCl, resulting in improved conversion and selectivity of the reaction. It also allows the use of a stoichiometric amount of acetamide, whereas a 2- to 3-fold excess of acetamide is needed for complete conversion of benzyl chloride without NaHCO3. Amidocarbonylation of benzyl alcohol gave d,l-phenylalanine in only 8% yield.
Machine learning in renal cell carcinoma research: the promise and pitfalls of ‘renal‐izing’ the potential of artificial intelligence (2023)

Machine learning in renal cell carcinoma research: the promise and pitfalls of 'renal-izing' the potential of artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) are increasingly applied to the study of patients with RCC [1].Advanced techniques, such as neural networks or random forests, can be used to analyse a vast amount of clinical data to uncover specific prognostic features that may not be detectable with traditional statistical methods.However, despite some promising results, recent studies show that the benefits of ML are not ubiquitous, especially when deployed on imperfect and non-granular datasets [2].In this issue of the BJUI, Boulenger de Hauteclocque employ data from the French multi-institutional kidney cancer database UroCCR (ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT03293563), to investigate the ability of seven ML algorithms to predict pT3a upstaging in a cohort of patients who underwent surgery for cT1/cT2a RCC.Using supervised ML algorithms, they reported a prediction accuracy (measured by the area under the receiver-operating curve) of 0.77 for their best model [3].While the results are intriguing, the design of the study raises questions that should be considered by clinicians when interpreting the results.
First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne artiellia in Belgium (2012)

In 2011, second-stage juveniles (J2) of an unknown root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) were detected during a routine survey for root-knot nematodes on arable land in Harveng, Belgium, after a crop of wheat. Most of the loamy soil samples (36 out of 42) contained J2 of the common root-knot nematode M. naasi Franklin, 1965 (1), while 15 of these also contained the unknown species, albeit in lower densities (22 J2/100 ml vs. 157 J2/100 ml soil). After detailed morphological observation of the unknown J2, they were until further notice identified as Meloidogyne artiellia Franklin, 1961 (2), the British root-knot nematode. To confirm the identification, a pure culture of M. artiellia was established by adding nematode suspensions to pots planted with kale (Brassica oleracea var. laciniata), a non-host for M. naasi (3). After 2 months, Meloidogyne spp. females, males, and J2 were isolated from galled kale roots. Morphological characteristics (n = 25) from the perineal pattern (rounded with fine striae, lateral area with coarse ridges, angular dorsal arch) and stylet knobs (small, ovoid, and backwardly sloping) for the females, the head shape (set off with distinct head cap) and stylet knobs (small, ovoid and backwardly sloping) for the males, the hemizonid position (anterior, adjacent to S to E pore), tail shape (conical), and short tail length (18 to 27 μm) for the J2, fit with previous observed populations of M. artiellia (3). Young egg-laying females were used for isozyme electrophoresis, and showed typical malate dehydrogenase (N1b) and esterase (M2-VF1) patterns (3). Additionally, DNA was extracted from single juveniles by incubating them in a lysis buffer (200 mM NaCl, 200 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8), 1% β-mercaptoethanol and 800 μg/ml Proteinase K) during 1.5 h at 65°C and 5 min at 99°C in a thermocycler. One microliter of crude DNA extract was used for PCR. ITS-rDNA sequencing (GenBank Accession Numbers JX393299 and JX393300) confirmed the identity, showing a 98 to 100% homology with other M. artiellia sequences (AY150368 and AF248478). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the root-knot nematode, M. artiellia, in Belgium. This nematode has been reported from the Mediterranean area, where it causes damage on chickpea and wheat (4), as well as from the U.K. Its finding in Harveng, close to the French border, suggests a more extensive geographical distribution. References: (1) M. T. Franklin. Nematologica 11:79, 1965. (2) M. T. Franklin et al. Suppl.:85, 1961. (3) G. Karssen. Pages 93-97 in: The Plant-Parasitic Nematode Genus Meloidogyne Göldi, 1892 (Tylenchida) in Europe, Brill Leiden, The Netherlands, 2002. (4) M. Di Vito and N. Greco. Revue Nématol. 11:223, 1988.
ITA/CWP and ICB technology demonstrator: a practical integration of disparate ISR/ISTAR assets and technologies (2012)

This paper presents the results of a US-UK collaboration project sponsored by the Coalition Warfare Program (CWP) of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). The goal of this project was to integrate a single framework a set of sensor and policy tools and protocols to enable the rapid assembly and deployment of a disparate set of coalition assets combined into a sensor network with policy controlled sharing/dissemination of data and information. This project was based on two key technology components developed as part of the International Technology Alliance in Network and Information Science (ITA) - the Information Fabric and the Policy Management Toolkit, and technology components developed by the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies (ICB) - the Autonomous UAV Persistent Surveillance using Bio-Inspired Strategies.
Molecular Physiology of the WNK Kinases (2007)

Mutations in the serine-threonine kinases WNK1 and WNK4 cause a Mendelian disease featuring hypertension and hyperkalemia. In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that these proteins are molecular switches that have discrete functional states that impart different effects on downstream ion channels, transporters, and the paracellular pathway. These effects enable the distal nephron to allow either maximal NaCl reabsorption or maximal K+ secretion in response to hypovolemia or hyperkalemia, respectively. The related kinase WNK3 has reciprocal actions on the primary mediators of cellular Cl(-) influx and efflux, effects that can serve to regulate cell volume during growth and in response to osmotic stress as well as to modulate neuronal responses to GABA. These findings define a versatile new family of kinases that coordinate the activities of diverse ion transport pathways to achieve and maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
EV‐Chips Sensors: Rapid and Electronic Identification and Quantification of Age‐Specific Circulating Exosomes via Biologically Activated Graphene Transistors (Adv. Biology 7/2021) (2021)

In article number 2000594, Kiana Aran and co-coworkers show exosomes binding to a graphene field-effect transistor (gFET), termed EV-chip. The EV-chip enables label-free, rapid, point-of-care identification and quantification of blood-derived exosomes containing biomarkers associated with cancer and other age-related diseases. The sensor is ideal for use in a physician's office or a simple biological laboratory. Image credits: Ella Maru Studio.
AI Explainability 360 Toolkit (2020)

As machine learning algorithms make inroads into our lives and society, calls are increasing from multiple stakeholders for these algorithms to explain their outputs. Moreover, these stakeholders, whether they be government regulators, affected citizens, domain experts, or developers, present different requirements for explanations. To address these needs, we introduce AI Explainability 3601, an open-source software toolkit featuring eight diverse state-of-the-art explainability methods, two evaluation metrics, and an extensible software architecture that organizes these methods according to their use in the AI modeling pipeline. Additionally, we have implemented enhancements to bring research innovations closer to consumers of explanations, ranging from simplified, accessible versions of algorithms to guidance material to help users navigate the space of explanations along with tutorials and an interactive web demo to introduce AI explainability to practitioners. Together, our toolkit can help improve transparency of machine learning models and provides a platform to integrate new explainability techniques as they are developed.
Cytophilic antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Glutamate Rich Protein are associated with malaria protection in an area of holoendemic transmission (2005)

Cytophilic IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies against R0-GLURP may contribute to the control of parasite multiplication and reduction in febrile malaria incidence in children living in an area of intense malaria transmission.
Guide to Wireless LAN Analysis (2007)

The market for 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) continues to grow at a rapid pace. Business organizations value the simplicity and scalability of WLANs as well as the relative ease of integrating wireless access with existing network resources. WLANs support user demand for seamless connectivity, flexibility and mobility. This chapter provides an overview of wireless networks and the 802.11 WLAN standards, followed by a presentation of troubleshooting wireless network problems with the types of analysis required to resolve them.
Structures of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Aminotransferase, a Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate, and [2Fe-2S] Cluster-containing Enzyme, Complexed with γ-Ethynyl-GABA and with the Antiepilepsy Drug Vigabatrin (2003)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme responsible for the degradation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. GABA-AT is a validated target for antiepilepsy drugs because its selective inhibition raises GABA concentrations in brain. The antiepilepsy drug, gamma-vinyl-GABA (vigabatrin) has been investigated in the past by various biochemical methods and resulted in several proposals for its mechanisms of inactivation. In this study we solved and compared the crystal structures of pig liver GABA-AT in its native form (to 2.3-A resolution) and in complex with vigabatrin as well as with the close analogue gamma-ethynyl-GABA (to 2.3 and 2.8 A, respectively). Both inactivators form a covalent ternary adduct with the active site Lys-329 and the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) cofactor. The crystal structures provide direct support for specific inactivation mechanisms proposed earlier on the basis of radio-labeling experiments. The reactivity of GABA-AT crystals with the two GABA analogues was also investigated by polarized absorption microspectrophotometry. The spectral data are discussed in relation to the proposed mechanism. Intriguingly, all three structures revealed a [2Fe-2S] cluster of yet unknown function at the center of the dimeric molecule in the vicinity of the PLP cofactors.