gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ninjurin1 Plays a Crucial Role in Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting Interaction between Macrophages and Alveolar Epithelial Cells (2018)

The transmembrane nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1 or Ninj1) is involved in progressing inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate a novel function of Ninj1 in pulmonary fibrosis. We found that the expression of Ninj1 in a patient cohort was upregulated in the lung specimens of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients as well as mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, the BLM-injected Ninj1 KO mice exhibited a mild fibrotic phenotype, as compared to WT mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that Ninj1 would play an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We discovered that Ninj1 expression increased in BLM-treated macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Interestingly, macrophages bound to BLM-treated AECs were activated. However, when Ninj1 expression was suppressed in either of AECs or macrophages, contact-dependent activation of macrophages with AECs was diminished. In addition, introduction of recombinant mouse Ninj1<sup>1-50</sup> to macrophages triggered an inflammatory response, but did not stimulate Ninj1-deficient macrophages. In conclusion, we propose that Ninj1 may contribute to activation of macrophages by enhancing interaction with AECs having elevated Ninj1 expression due to injury-inducing stimuli. Consequently, Ninj1 may be involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing inflammatory response of macrophages.
Regional Variation in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction With Cardiogenic Shock in the United States (2020)

There remain significant regional disparities in the management and outcomes of AMI-CS.
Synthese und Struktur von trans‐[MCl(CCHR) (PiPr3)2] (MRh, Ir): Die ersten quadratisch‐planaren Vinyliden‐Metallkomplexe (1985)

Der Zweistufenmechanismus der Umwandlung eines Alkin‐Komplexes 1 in einen Vinyliden‐Komplex 3 konnte durch die Isolierung der Zwischenstufe 2a mit pentakoordiniertem Iridium bewiesen werden. Die Komplexe 3 und ihre Rh‐Analoga sind die ersten quadratisch‐planaren Vinylidenmetall‐Komplexe überhaupt ( a : RPh; b : RMe; c : RH; R′ i Pr) magnified image . magnified image
Helicity and field dependent magnetization dynamics of ferromagnetic Co/Pt multilayers (2016)

We present helicity and field dependent magnetization dynamics of ferromagnetic Co/Pt multilayers, suitable for all-optical helicity-dependent switching. Employing single-shot time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect imaging, our study demonstrates an ultra-fast quenching of the magnetization after a single 60 fs laser pulse excitation followed by a recovery. Full demagnetization occurs within 1 ps after laser excitation. The magnetization dynamics reveals a small helicity dependence caused by magnetic circular dichroism. When an external magnetic field is applied, a heat-assisted magnetization reversal occurs on a nanosecond time scale.
Acoustic vibrations for versatile wireless power transfer (2022)

We present an overview of prior/recent work done at the US Army Combat Capabilities Command—Army Research Laboratory on using acoustic waves for wireless power transfer (WPT). In the past we have demonstrated through-air ultrasonic phased array power beaming, through-metal longer distance transfer using Lamb waves, and power/data transfer to embedded sensor nodes. Acoustic WPT has the advantage of not being shielded by metal, and can achieve higher efficiencies than inductive WPT at larger distances. Part of our recent work is on developing a through-metal acoustic WPT based wireless UAV recharging platform. For the first time, we have demonstrated a self-detachable acoustic WPT receiver, using the switchable magnetic force from electro-permanent-magnets to attach a receiver transducer onto a steel platform to receive power (a transmitter is bonded on the other side of the platform), without the need of any liquid couplant. The magnetic force enhances the mechanical mode coupling, while allowing the receiver to attach/detach freely from the platform. AC-AC power efficiency up to 63% was achieved, and with the appropriate power electronics and matching network, an overall DC-DC efficiency of 44% was achieved when charging a 3-cell LiPo UAV battery with 4.6 W, with higher power levels achievable.
Structural Investigations of Polycarbonates whose Mechanical and Erosion Behavior Can Be Controlled by Their Isomer Sequence (2020)

One of the challenges in materials science is to design functional, synthetic polymers that match the desired properties of a specific application. Achieving high stiffness and strength under physiological conditions while maintaining the proper erosion profile is particularly difficult. This challenge is addressed here by synthesizing polymers with sequence control followed by optimal processing of the polymer. A new class of biodegradable, aromatic–aliphatic polycarbonates based on tyrosol, a naturally derived (hydroxy)alkyl phenol with an alternating (altTyPC) or scrambled (scrTyPC) sequence, is reported. AltTyPC contained strictly alternating sequences of diaryl (head-to-head, HH) and dialkyl (tail-to-tail, TT) carbonate backbone isomers; this was accomplished by using preprogrammed diaryl carbonate diol and triphosgene in polycondensation. The scrambled sequence (scrTyPC) of HH, TT, and the aryl-alkyl (head-to-tail, HT) carbonate isomers was obtained by direct polymerization of tyrosol. The isomer sequence had a large effect on the thermal behavior: altTyPC rapidly transitioned from the amorphous phase into a 1D mesophase at 90 °C and then into a 3D crystalline phase at 150 °C before melting at 204 °C; in contrast, scrTyPC remained in a 1D mesophase after extensive annealing at 100 °C for 20 h and melted at 149 °C. The modulus of the oriented, semicrystalline altTyPC films was higher than that of the similarly processed scrTyPC films (5.4 ± 0.3 vs 3.8 ± 0.2 GPa). The erosion behavior was also different: AltTyPC showed more rapid mass and thickness loss over time than scrTyPC. Thus, a combination of sequence control and processing optimization in aromatic–aliphatic polycarbonates gives rise to a new platform of tunable polymers for numerous applications.
Dual-band Dipole Antenna for ISO 18000-6/ISO 18000-4 Passive RFID Tag Applications (2006)

In this paper, a slot coupled dipole antenna was presented for dual band passive RFID tag applications. Structures using a slot coupled feed and a resonator are explored to achievable dual band operation. It shows good impedance and radiation characteristics from 860 MHz to 960 MHz (ISO 18000-6) and from 2.40 GHz to 2.50 GHz (ISO 18000-4). The return loss is verified by comparing the calculations and measurements, which show good agreement. Radiation patterns are omni-directional for operation frequencies. Numerical results are calculated using Ansoft HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator).
Efficient evanescent wave coupling conditions for waveguide-integrated thin-film Si/Ge photodetectors on silicon-on-insulator/germanium-on-insulator substrates (2011)

We studied evanescent wave coupling behavior between low index-contrast upper-level waveguides and thin-film Si and Ge photodetectors on SOI and germanium-on-insulator (GOI) substrates, respectively. We present a simple and intuitive leaky-mode phase-matching model using a ray-optics approach to determine the conditions for efficient coupling, both in 2D and 3D structures. It is shown that the presence of leaky modes that are phase-matched between the waveguide and the Si or Ge photodetector layer is the key condition for efficient coupling. Our approach was compared to other methods, such as finite-difference time domain (FDTD)/beam propagation method (BPM) and mode analysis. We report that, depending on the way a waveguide photodetector device is designed, waveguide-to-photodetector coupling efficiency may or may not be critically sensitive to design parameters, such as the photodetector layer thickness. As an example, the stark contrast of coupling behavior in the two most popular Ge photodetector structures integrated with Si rib waveguide versus channel waveguide is shown. The device design factors and the trends that affect such coupling sensitivity are identified and explained in the paper.
Identification and characterization of an Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell response in the pathologic tissue of a patient with Hodgkin's disease. (1995)

Several lines of evidence indicate that an impairment of EBV-specific immune responses may contribute to the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease (HD). At present, however, it is not clear whether a defective immunity to EBV is a characteristic restricted to EBV-associated HD cases or a more generalized phenomenon, part of the inherent immune deficiency of HD patients. In this study, we have addressed this issue by analyzing EBV-specific responses in infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) from one HD biopsy, where the virus was confined to a small proportion of apparently normal lymphocytes. TIL cultures were established using low amounts of recombinant interleukin 2 and in the absence of specific stimulation, conditions that preferentially induce the proliferation of in vivo activated T cells. An EBV-specific cytotoxic component was revealed by the capacity of these TILs to lyse autologous EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) obtained by spontaneous transformation from the lesion but not HLA-mismatched LCLs and autologous phytohemagglutinin blasts. This cytotoxic activity closely resembled that of EBV-specific memory T cells, which may be reactivated from the blood lymphocytes of healthy donors by in vitro stimulation with autologous LCLs. The use of a panel of appropriately HLA-matched B95.8-transformed LCLs as targets in standard 51Cr release assays revealed EBV-specific cytotoxic responses to be restricted mainly through the A11 and B44 HLA alleles with a minor HLA-A26-restricted component. Using autologous fibroblasts infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the EBV latent antigens, the TIL culture was shown to recognize latent membrane protein 2 and, to a lesser extent, EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 6. In addition, a strong proliferative response was induced by coculture of TILs with autologous but not with allogeneic LCLs or autologous phytohemagglutinin blasts. Six CD4-positive, EBV-specific T-cell clones were isolated by limiting dilution. The study of cytokine mRNA expression, carried out by reverse transcriptase-assisted PCR, revealed that three of these T-cell clones expressed a Th0 phenotype, whereas 1 had a Th2 phenotype. These findings are consistent with the presence in this HD lesion of an ongoing immune response against EBV-carrying cells and suggest that the complex immune deficiency that characterizes HD patients probably does not include a generalized, constitutional defect of EBV-specific T-cell responses.
Miniature Electrical Stimulator for Hemorrhage Control (2014)

Noncompressible hemorrhage is currently the most common cause of preventable death in battlefield and in civilian trauma injuries. Tourniquets, specialized wound dressings, and hemorrhage-inhibiting biomaterials are not sufficiently effective in arrest of noncompressible hemorrhage and often cause collateral tissue damage. An effective, easy-to-use, portable device is needed to reduce blood loss in trauma patients immediately following injury and to maintain hemorrhage control up to several hours-until the injured is evacuated to a medical facility. We developed a miniature electrical stimulator to induce vascular constriction and, thereby, reduce hemorrhage. Vasoconstriction of the rat femoral arteries and veins was studied with pulse durations in the range of 1 μs to 10 ms and repetition rate of 10 Hz. Pulse amplitude of 20 V, duration of 1 ms, and repetition rate of 10 Hz were found sufficient to induce rapid constriction down to 31 ± 2% of the initial diameter, which could be maintained throughout a two-hour treatment. Within one minute following treatment termination the artery dilated back to 88 ± 3% of the initial diameter, providing rapid restoration of blood perfusion. Histology indicated no damage to the vessel wall and endothelium seven days after stimulation. The same treatment reduced the blood loss following complete femoral artery resection by 68 ± 11%, compared to untreated vessels. Very low power consumption during stimulation (<10 mW per 1.6 mm electrode) allows miniaturization of the stimulator for portable battery-powered operation in the field to control the blood loss following vascular trauma.
Deep sub-wavelength metrology for advanced defect classification (2017)

Particle defects are important contributors to yield loss in semi-conductor manufacturing. Particles need to be detected and characterized in order to determine and eliminate their root cause. We have conceived a process flow for advanced defect classification (ADC) that distinguishes three consecutive steps; detection, review and classification. For defect detection, TNO has developed the Rapid Nano (RN3) particle scanner, which illuminates the sample from nine azimuth angles. The RN3 is capable of detecting 42 nm Latex Sphere Equivalent (LSE) particles on XXX-flat Silicon wafers. For each sample, the lower detection limit (LDL) can be verified by an analysis of the speckle signal, which originates from the surface roughness of the substrate. In detection-mode (RN3.1), the signal from all illumination angles is added. In review-mode (RN3.9), the signals from all nine arms are recorded individually and analyzed in order to retrieve additional information on the shape and size of deep sub-wavelength defects. This paper presents experimental and modelling results on the extraction of shape information from the RN3.9 multi-azimuth signal such as aspect ratio, skewness, and orientation of test defects. Both modeling and experimental work confirm that the RN3.9 signal contains detailed defect shape information. After review by RN3.9, defects are coarsely classified, yielding a purified Defect-of-Interest (DoI) list for further analysis on slower metrology tools, such as SEM, AFM or HIM, that provide more detailed review data and further classification. Purifying the DoI list via optical metrology with RN3.9 will make inspection time on slower review tools more efficient.
Pathological ASXL1 Mutations and Protein Variants Impair Neural Crest Development (2019)

The neural crest (NC) gives rise to a multitude of fetal tissues, and its misregulation is implicated in congenital malformations. Here, we investigated molecular mechanisms pertaining to NC-related symptoms in Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS), a developmental disorder linked to mutations in the Polycomb group factor Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1). Genetically edited human pluripotent stem cell lines that were differentiated to NC progenitors and then xenotransplanted into chicken embryos demonstrated an impairment of NC delamination and emigration. Molecular analysis showed that ASXL1 mutations correlated with reduced activation of the transcription factor ZIC1 and the NC gene regulatory network. These findings were supported by differentiation experiments using BOS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Expression of truncated ASXL1 isoforms (amino acids 1-900) recapitulated the NC phenotypes in vitro and in ovo, raising the possibility that truncated ASXL1 variants contribute to BOS pathology. Collectively, we expand the understanding of truncated ASXL1 in BOS and in the human NC.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis of Proteins Incorporating a Versatile Set of Phenylalanine Analogues. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A CFD pressure drop model for microfibrous entrapped catalyst filters using micro-scale imaging (2015)

A micro-scale pressure drop model for microfibrous entrapped catalysts (MFEC) is constructed based on experimental scanning electron microscope (SEM) images using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This model investigates the separate contributions of fibers, entrapped particles, particle shape factors and the compressibility of MFEC to the total pressure drop in a high air velocity condition. A theoretical calculation is conducted to determine the flow type within the MFEC. Top view and side view SEM images of MFEC are taken to reproduce their 3D geometric structure, which significantly improves the accuracy of the model compared with other simplified models. Volume loading of fibers and entrapped particles, as well as media compressibility, are found to be major contributors to pressure drop. In an effort to reduce pressure drop, two types of leading-edge/trailing-edge filter fairings are also studied. Triangle fairings added to the leading edge and trailing edge of MFEC decrease pressure drop, especially at higher face velocities.
The Numerical Simulation of Projectile Penetrating into Steel-Fiber Reinforced Ultra High Strength Concrete Target (2013)

Explicit finite element code was applied to simulate the steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) and reactive powder concrete (RPC) target penetrated by kinetic energy projectile. Crater formation, spall of concrete target in penetration process was simulated very well. The numerical results of penetration depths are in good agreement with recent experimental results obtained from ballistic gun with 57mm caliber. The factors effecting on anti-penetration property of SFRC and RPC are analyzed. The results show that: the compressive strength and toughness of the target body have greater impact on anti-penetration performance in the range of projectile velocity 300m/s-600m/s. Anti-penetration capability of RPC concrete is stronger than that of ordinary steel fiber at the higher speeds.
Acoustomicrofluidic separation of tardigrades from raw cultures for sample preparation (2019)

Abstract Tardigrades are microscopic animals widely known for their ability to survive in extreme conditions. They are the focus of current research in the fields of taxonomy, biogeography, genomics, proteomics, development, space biology, evolution and ecology. Tardigrades, such as Hypsibius exemplaris, are being advocated as a next-generation model organism for genomic and developmental studies. The raw culture of H. exemplaris usually contains tardigrades themselves, their eggs, faeces and algal food. Experimentation with tardigrades often requires the demanding and laborious separation of tardigrades from raw samples to prepare pure and contamination-free tardigrade samples. In this paper, we propose a two-step acoustomicrofluidic separation method to isolate tardigrades from raw samples. In the first step, a passive microfluidic filter composed of an array of traps is used to remove large algal clusters in the raw sample. In the second step, a surface acoustic wave-based active microfluidic separation device is used to deflect tardigrades continuously from their original streamlines inside the microchannel and thus isolate them selectively from algae and eggs. The experimental results demonstrated the efficient separation of tardigrades, with a recovery rate of 96% and an impurity of 4% algae on average in a continuous, contactless, automated, rapid and biocompatible manner.
Immunological effects of inosine, a metabolite from gut microbiota, in the tumor microenvironment (2022)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are potentially able to be strong strategy to treat the Head and Neck Cancer, however they lack enough their efficacy, so the search for factors that can improve their efficacy is needed. The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been found to play an important role via modification tumor microenvironment with the treatment of ICIs. It was recently reported that inosine, one of the gut bacterial metabolites, modulates cancer immunity, however the detail of the mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we attempt to clarify the direct effects of inosine to cancer cells and immune cells in vitro. In the equilibrium phase of cancer immunoediting, it is important to make the immune side dominant in order to control cancer, thus inosine was added directly to co-cultures of T cells and cancer cells reproducing the equilibrium phase between cancer and immunity. These cells are harvested and divided into cancer cell and immune cell subsets followed by immunological analysis. We also investigated the in vivo efficacy of inosine utilizing BALB/c mice with CT26 murine colon cancer model. As a result, it was found that there is an optimal concentration of inosine that inhibits cancer cell growth in co-cultures of T cells and cancer cells. The anti-tumor effect differs depending on the concentration and route of administration in a tumor-bearing mouse model. In the future, we will find the conditions for inhibiting tumor growth and activating T cells, which will lead to the development of tumor immunotherapy against Head and Neck Cancer using inosine.
Programmable Huygens’ metasurfaces for active optical phase control (2021)

All-dielectric resonant metasurfaces has been emerging as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light, leading to advanced nanophotonic device architectures for lasing, ultrathin optical elements, beam shaping and sensing [1] - [3] . However, the current metasurfaces are often locked to a fixed functionality due to their static constituent materials, which severely limits the application range of these devices. Therefore, the development of novel dynamic metasurface designs is crucial to unleash the full potential of next-generation optical devices [4] .
Supplementary Figure S1 from EPHA2 Is a Mediator of Vemurafenib Resistance and a Novel Therapeutic Target in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Survival Curves for VEM resistant lines.&lt;/p&gt;
The use of crown ethers in peptide chemistry. Part 1. Syntheses of amino acid complexes with the cyclic polyether 18-crown-6 and their oligomerisation in dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide-containing solutions (1987)

The synthesis of amino acid complexes with the cyclic polyether 18-crown-6 and their solubility properties in organic solvents are described. Oligo homo-amino acid peptides have been prepared using the crown ether complexes and dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide as coupling agent. The mechanism leading to the formation of the oligopeptides has been discussed and proved to involve the transferring of one N-H proton from the crown ether complex to the carbodi-imide nitrogen.