gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
United Against the Enemy: Anti-Jamming Based on Cross-Layer Cooperation in Wireless Networks (2016)

Denial-of-service attacks launched by malicious jammers can pose significant threats to infrastructure-less wireless networks without a centralized controller. While significant recent research efforts have dealt with such attacks and several possible countermeasures have been proposed, little attention has been paid to the idea of cooperative anti-jamming. Inspired by this observation, this paper proposes and studies a cooperative anti-jamming scheme designed to enhance the quality of links degraded by jammers. To achieve this objective, users are allowed to cooperate at two levels. First, they cooperate to optimally regulate their channel access probabilities, so that jammed users gain a higher share of channel utilization. Second, users leverage multiple-input single-output cooperative communication techniques to enhance the throughput of jammed links. The problem of optimal cooperative anti-jamming is formulated as a distributed pricing-based optimization problem, and a best-response algorithm is proposed to solve it in a distributed way. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves considerable gains (compared with traditional non-cooperative anti-jamming) especially under heavy traffic or high jamming power. Furthermore, the proposed distributed algorithm is shown to achieve close-to-global optimality with moderate traffic load.
Nanoshape Imprint Lithography for Fabrication of Nanowire Ultracapacitors (2016)

Emerging nanoscale applications in energy, electronics, and medicine require high throughput patterning with complex shape control at the nanoscale that is beyond the capabilities of optical lithography and block copolymer-based self-assembly. We introduce a technique for creating precise two-dimensional nanoshapes with sharp corners by imprint lithography, and apply it to enable shaped silicon nanowire capacitors that significantly exceed standard nanowire capacitor performance due to relative increase in surface area per unit projected area. The patterning technique employs atomic layer deposition to fabricate a template with diamond-like shapes consisting of corners with 2 nm radii of curvature. Template materials and chemical staining of the imprint polymer enable precise imaging of the template and replicated resist. Continuum mechanics appears no longer applicable at the length scale of ~3 nm. A systematic increase in the radius of the imprinted corner is observed contrary to predictions by a linear elastic continuum model shedding new light on shape relaxation of polymers, and on the limits of nanoshape replicability by imprint lithography. Novel diamond-shaped silicon nanowires (100-nm half-pitch) have been fabricated using nanoshape imprint followed by metal-assisted chemical etching, and have been incorporated into shaped nanowire capacitors that exceed standard nanowire capacitors performance by ~90%. The 3-nm resolution limit does not degrade the performance of the shaped capacitor. This increased capacitance validates the ability to preserve nanoshape cross section during patterning and deep etching over large areas. Lithographic scaling to 10-nm half-pitch has the potential to further increase capacitance by a factor of 10.
Molecular weight relations for crosslinking of chains with length and site distribution (1987)

Abstract Many polymer networks are formed by crosslinked polymer chains through reactive sites distributed along the chains. How these sites are distributed as well as the chain length distribution can have a significant effect on properties like the gel conversion and molecular weight. Previous treatments have used simplifying approximations. In this paper we eliminate these approximations and derive computational formulae for weight average molecular weight and gel point for polymer chains of any length and reactive site distribution. Three types of crosslinking are considered: direct coupling of chains (homopolymerization), direct coupling through propagation, and coupling through copolymerization with small monomers.
The Selective Reduction of α,β-Unstaurated Nitriles with Sodium Borohydride in Methanolic Pyridine (1988)

Abstract α,β-Unsaturated nitriles are selectively reduced, in good yields, to their saturated analogs by sodium borohydride in a methanol-pyridine solvent system.
Oxygen Binding to Active Sites of Fe–N–C ORR Electrocatalysts Observed by Ambient-Pressure XPS (2017)

We report the first in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) study of the binding of oxygenated species to the active sites of iron–nitrogen–carbon oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. To better interpret the results, DFT calculations were used to calculate absorption energies of reactants and intermediates on potential active sites and calculate the core level shifts for those. The observed oxygen binding to nitrogen coordinated to iron centers correlates with the enhanced measured ORR fuel cell activity of these materials with respect to metal-free analogs and sheds light on the ORR mechanism on PGM-free electrocatalysts.
Implementation of the derivative back projection - finite Hilbert inverse algorithm in projection reconstruction MRI (2007)

The reconstruction of artifact-free images from truncated datasets poses a challenging problem in any medical imaging modality. Such a problem occurs in Projection Reconstruction MRI when the object is not fully encompassed within the FOV. This is always the case for coronal and sagittal planes in extremity imaging. Introduced recently in CT and SPECT, the derivative back projection-finite Hilbert inverse (DBP-FHI) algorithm has been proven useful to accurately reconstruct from truncated datasets within regions-of-interest. Here, we propose an adaptation of the DBP-FHI algorithm to handle PR-MRI data. Details of the underlying theory and its discrete implementation are explained. Numerical simulations show that shading artifacts present when the image is reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) disappear with this new algorithm. In vivo phantom and knee scans demonstrate that truncation artifacts resulting from the FBP algorithm are mitigated by the DBP-FHI algorithm. Within geometric constraints, the proposed algorithm always outperforms the FBP algorithm by its ability to reconstruct truncated datasets.
Lessons learned from the gene therapy trial for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (2009)

It has been 9 years since Mr. Jesse Gelsinger died from complications of vector administration in a liver gene therapy trial of research subjects with a deficiency of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTCD). This study was performed at the Institute for Human Gene Therapy of the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) which I directed. His tragic death provoked a series of events that had implications beyond those directly involved in the clinical trial. The events surrounding the death of this research subject have been the topic of much coverage and commentary in the popular press. The goal of this article is to share with you my reflections on the OTCD gene therapy trial and lessons that I have learned which may be of value to others engaged in various aspects of translational medicine.
Two-dimensional radio resource allocation algorithms with contiguity constraint for IEEE 802.16e systems (2009)

Adaptive multi-user resource allocation is one of the key features towards high speed wireless network based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA). According to IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX) standard radio, resource allocation problem has to be performed on a two-dimensional space (frequency and time) with the constraint that each transmitted burst should occupy a contiguous portion of the frame. The paper introduces two different strategies and it investigates the advantages, drawbacks and challenges of the radio resource allocation procedure in two dimensions.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Analytic Validation of RNA <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization (RISH) for AR and AR-V7 Expression in Human Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation of AR protein by IHC and AR-E1 RISH labeling in high grade primary tumors and benign prostate epithelium sampled on needle biopsy (Figure 5). (A) AR IHC quantified as brown/(brown+blue) pixels vs AR-E1 quantification shows a weak but significant correlation among primary tumors. (B) Quantified AR-IHC from (A) is higher in tumor compared to paired benign epithelium. (C) AR-IHC quantified as a modified H-score (see Methods) shows an insignificant correlation with quantified AR-E1 in the same samples. (D) There is a significant trend towards increased AR IHC H-scores in tumor compared to paired benign epithelium.&lt;/p&gt;
The Programming Language as a Musical Instrument (2005)

Abstract. This paper considers how to achieve new creative advances in the design of programming languages. It is based on the analysis of a single application domain, the practice of Live Coding in a new area of musical performance known as “Laptop ” music. Analysis of live coding as a context for programming allows us to escape the implicit assumptions of the commercial office environment in which so much end-user programming has been studied. The programming environments of the future, with increasing deployment of ubiquitous computing technologies, will be unlike offices in many ways. We can prepare for this future by studying extreme varieties of programming today. Live coding is thus an ideal research opportunity for psychology of programming 1
Instantaneous characterization of time varying nonlinear systems (neurophysiological responses) (1992)

A nonlinear system may be characterized by an orthogonal functional power series (FPS) computed from cross correlations between input and output variables. "Is the response changing over the course of the experiment?" is a fundamental question encountered in the analysis of both FPS and evoked potentials (EP's). Regression on closed-form functions of time produces a time-varying FPS or EP. Evaluation of these functions at a specified time point produces a system characterization for that instant.
Developing an inkjet printer II : CMY ink amounts to multibit CMY halftones (2020)

In this paper, we propose a novel error diffusion halftoning algorithm for the conversion of cyan, magenta and yellow (CMY) ink amounts to a multi-bit halftone image. We adopt the idea of allowing multiple drops of colorants in order to achieve print results with better saturation, which is implemented by modifying the classic Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion algorithm. For better halftone texture and more efficient use of colorants, we add a dot-off-dot feature to the classic Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion. Blending-in the original input image with its DBS screened multilevel halftone image as a preprocessing step to dot-off-dot error diffusion is proposed as a measure to reduce halftone artifacts. Digitally simulated halftone images will be presented to illustrate the better halftone texture that can be achieved by applying the proposed algorithm.
Apoplastic effectors secreted by two unrelated eukaryotic plant pathogens target the tomato defense protease Rcr3 (2009)

Current models of plant-pathogen interactions stipulate that pathogens secrete effector proteins that disable plant defense components known as virulence targets. Occasionally, the perturbations caused by these effectors trigger innate immunity via plant disease resistance proteins as described by the "guard hypothesis." This model is nicely illustrated by the interaction between the fungal plant pathogen Cladosporium fulvum and tomato. C. fulvum secretes a protease inhibitor Avr2 that targets the tomato cysteine protease Rcr3(pim). In plants that carry the resistance protein Cf2, Rcr3(pim) is required for resistance to C. fulvum strains expressing Avr2, thus fulfilling one of the predictions of the guard hypothesis. Another prediction of the guard hypothesis has not yet been tested. Considering that virulence targets are important components of defense, different effectors from unrelated pathogens are expected to evolve to disable the same host target. In this study we confirm this prediction using a different pathogen of tomato, the oomycete Phytophthora infestans that is distantly related to fungi such as C. fulvum. This pathogen secretes an array of protease inhibitors including EPIC1 and EPIC2B that inhibit tomato cysteine proteases. Here we show that, similar to Avr2, EPIC1 and EPIC2B bind and inhibit Rcr3(pim). However, unlike Avr2, EPIC1 and EPIC2B do not trigger hypersensitive cell death or defenses on Cf-2/Rcr3(pim) tomato. We also found that the rcr3-3 mutant of tomato that carries a premature stop codon in the Rcr3 gene exhibits enhanced susceptibility to P. infestans, suggesting a role for Rcr3(pim) in defense. In conclusion, our findings fulfill a key prediction of the guard hypothesis and suggest that the effectors Avr2, EPIC1, and EPIC2B secreted by two unrelated pathogens of tomato target the same defense protease Rcr3(pim). In contrast to C. fulvum, P. infestans appears to have evolved stealthy effectors that carry inhibitory activity without triggering plant innate immunity.
Operando Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies on TiS2: The Effect of Propylene Carbonate on Reduction Mechanism (2021)

We present herein a systematic study of solvent co-intercalation during electrochemical reduction of titanium disulfide in lithium cells using state of the art in situ cells and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. To understand the role of the electrolyte components, four salts (LiBF 4 , LiBOB, LiPF 6 and LiTFSI) and three solvents (ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate) were investigated. Various types of in situ cells were assembled and X-ray diffraction patterns were collected in operando upon cycling. Co-intercalated phase formation was found to be triggered by the presence of propylene carbonate and to be electrochemically driven. This co-intercalated phase is formed in the early stages of reduction, with cell parameters a = 3.514 Å, c = 17.931 Å, corresponding approximately to a tripling of the pristine TiS 2 cell along the c- axis. This phase does not seem to evolve upon further oxidation and hence induces an overall loss of capacity. Whereas the nature of the anion does not appear to influence the co-intercalated phase formation, the content of propylene carbonate in the electrolyte is clearly correlated to both its amount and the extent of capacity loss.
Evaluation of a Commercially Available Organic Acid Product During Feed Withdrawal and its Relation to Carcass Shrink in Commercial Turkeys (2010)

The transport of live animals has important economic and welfare implications. A commerciallyavailable organic acid product (Optimizer ) was added to the drinking water of commercial hen turkeys TM during preslaughter Feed Withdrawal (FW) in two trials. In trial 1, a total of 60 trailers from treated (OA) or control non-treated turkey houses were evaluated. Turkey farmers initiated water treatment on the day before pick up (8-12 h treatment according to label directions). Investigators recorded trailer numbers as they were loaded out of each house to confirm which trailers contained treated birds vs. control non-treated birds. Individual trailer weights were recorded upon arrival to the processing plant and again immediately prior to live hang. A significant reduction in rate of weight loss during holding at the processing plant was observed in the treated turkeys (719 g/min per OA treated trailer vs. 845 g/min per control trailer). In trial 2, two commercial market age turkey houses were selected and in each house, 400 birds were weighed and recorded as a representative sampling. The treated house received OA administered according to manufacturer’s directions continuously for 19 h. At the end of this time, 400 birds were weighed and recorded as a representative sampling. A significant (p<0.05) improvement of average body weights was observed in treated turkeys during 19 h (125 g treated vs. 35 g control), an average of 90 grams difference. Experiments are ongoing to measure water consumption during the FW that may explain the reduction in carcass shrinkage during transportation to the processing plant and increased body weights at the farm by increasing hydration of turkeys treated with OA.
Thin Film Mechano-Energy Induced Slicing of Carbon Nanotubes under Flow (2021)

Controlling the length of CNTs is important for their applications. As-prepared CNTs are typically nonuniform in length and are entangled, but for applications in electronics and biomedical research in particular, specific lengths are desirable; this has attracted intensified research efforts. We have developed a versatile thin film microfluidic method, which is high in green chemistry metrics, for controlled disentangling and slicing both single-walled CNTs and multiwalled CNTs. The method uses the mechanoenergy generated in a biphasic immiscible mixture of water and o-xylene in a titled vortex fluidic device (VFD) operating at ambient temperature, without the need for using surfactants or other axillary reagents and without the need for applying external fields. Importantly, this simple method can achieve a yield of 93% under continuous flow conditions. The high shear in the dynamic thin film in the VFD is also effective for such processing under continuous flow conditions, such that the method is scalable.
4D Functional Imaging in the Freely Moving Rat (2006)

We describe a two-frequency diffuse optical tomographic (DOT) imaging and EEG recording system suitable for the study of real-time hemodynamic and neural activities in freely moving rats. The system uses a bundle of 16 optical fibers that both deliver light and capture its reemission. This bundle runs in parallel with a cable carrying EEG signals from 16 microelectrodes. Both data collection arrays terminate in a precision-machined cap that is surgically attached to the skull. Free movement is enabled by suspending the cables with an elastic cord. Rats are also tracked with a video system so their behavior can be compared to hemodynamic and neural activity. Optical measurements are done with 760 and 830 nm laser diodes using a time-multiplexed, frequency-encoded illumination scheme at a source-switching speed of 68 Hz. EEG, optical and video data are all timestamped with the same clock, ensuring information synchrony. Automated optical system set-up and control is done with a LabVIEW interface that allows on-the-fly adjustment of gain, data integrity checks and system calibration, among other functionalities. EEG recording is done with a Neuralynx (Tucson, AZ) recording system. Collected optical data are converted to volumetric images either in real-time or offline. The integrated system includes comprehensive image formation, display and time-series analysis software suitable for processing data independently or in combination.
Effect of Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) V2 in CH59-Like Coil/Helical or β-Sheet Conformations on Time of SIV mac251 Acquisition (2023)

The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) NCI05 and NCI09, isolated from a vaccinated macaque that was protected from multiple simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenges, both target an overlapping, conformationally dynamic epitope in SIV envelope variable region 2 (V2). Here, we show that NCI05 recognizes a CH59-like coil/helical epitope, whereas NCI09 recognizes a β-hairpin linear epitope. <i>In vitro</i>, NCI05 and, to a lesser extent, NCI09 mediate the killing of SIV-infected cells in a CD4-dependent manner. Compared to NCI05, NCI09 mediates higher titers of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to gp120-coated cells, as well as higher levels of trogocytosis, a monocyte function that contributes to immune evasion. We also found that passive administration of NCI05 or NCI09 to macaques did not affect the risk of SIV<sub>mac251</sub> acquisition compared to controls, demonstrating that these anti-V2 antibodies alone are not protective. However, NCI05 but not NCI09 mucosal levels strongly correlated with delayed SIV<sub>mac251</sub> acquisition, and functional and structural data suggest that NCI05 targets a transient state of the viral spike apex that is partially opened, compared to its prefusion-closed conformation. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Studies suggest that the protection against SIV/simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) acquisition afforded by the SIV/HIV V1 deletion-containing envelope immunogens, delivered by the DNA/ALVAC vaccine platform, requires multiple innate and adaptive host responses. Anti-inflammatory macrophages and tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC-10), together with CD14<sup>+</sup> efferocytes, are consistently found to correlate with a vaccine-induced decrease in the risk of SIV/SHIV acquisition. Similarly, V2-specific antibody responses mediating ADCC, Th1 and Th2 cells expressing no or low levels of CCR5, and envelope-specific NKp44<sup>+</sup> cells producing interleukin 17 (IL-17) also are reproducible correlates of decreased risk of virus acquisition. We focused on the function and the antiviral potential of two monoclonal antibodies (NCI05 and NCI09) isolated from vaccinated animals that differ in antiviral function <i>in vitro</i> and recognize V2 in a linear (NCI09) or coil/helical (NCI05) conformation. We demonstrate that NCI05, but not NCI09, delays SIV<sub>mac251</sub> acquisition, highlighting the complexity of antibody responses to V2.
Preparation of Electroactive Poly(dihydroxyphenylene) (1989)

Abstract Hydroquinone is electro-oxidatively polymerized to poly(dihydroxyphenylene), which is a Nernstian-type electroactive polymer (E° = 0.7 V in acidic medium) and shows a redox reaction through two-electron transfer accompanied with 4 protons dissociation on Pt electrode.
Complex diffraction and dispersion effects in femtosecond laser writing of fiber Bragg gratings using the phase mask technique (2019)

The combined effect of chromatic dispersion and conical diffraction (i.e., off-plane diffraction) in femtosecond laser inscription of fiber Bragg gratings using the phase mask technique is characterized by measuring the light intensity distribution after the phase mask. As the distance from the mask and the observation point grows, chromatic dispersion and conical diffraction introduced by the mask gradually decrease the peak intensity inside the line-shaped focal volume of the cylindrical lens that is used to focus the femtosecond pulses inside the fiber. We also show that at a certain distance from the mask spherical aberration introduced by the plane-parallel mask substrate is cancelled out by conical diffraction and, at a different distance, chromatic aberration of the cylindrical lens is cancelled out by chromatic dispersion of the mask. These two independent cancellation effects lead to sharpening of the line-shaped focus and the consequent growth of peak light intensity inside it. The above phenomena become especially pronounced for tightly focused femtosecond laser beams and small-pitch phase masks, which, in turn, allows one to choose experimental conditions to inscribe Bragg gratings in polymer-coated non-sensitized 50 µm fibers.
Ultrahigh power diode-pumped 1.5-μm fiber amplifiers (2005)

Summary form only given. In conclusion, we have achieved the highest output power 1.5-/spl mu/m Er,Yb-doped optical fiber amplifier output to date with no signs of saturation up to an output power of 4 W (+36 dBm). In addition we have shown that such an ultrahigh output amplifier can perform well in a digital systems test.