gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
104 * CLINICAL BENEFITS TWELVE MONTHS AFTER LESS INVASIVE VENTRICULAR RESTORATION OPERATIONS WITHOUT VENTRICULOTOMY (2013)

Objectives: We have developed a less invasive, catheter-based operation for ventricular restoration designed to be performed without cardiopulmonary bypass and without ventriculotomy. A mean left ventricular end systolic volume index reduction of 39.6% and postoperative volume of 46.2 ml/m2 were previously reported along with improvement in end diastolic volume index and ejection fraction (EF). We now report functional outcomes at six months and one year. Methods: Twenty-six consecutive, stable, ambulatory heart failure (HF) patients with anteroseptal scars on optimal medical therapy (OMT), mean age 60.3 years, and EF 13-45%, were consented and enrolled in a Phase I trial utilizing the Revivent™ myocardial anchoring system (BioVentrix, San Ramon, CA). Baseline evaluation included quality of life (QoL) measures using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire, NYHA functional class assessment (NYHA FC) and six-minute walk. These parameters were recorded at baseline and at six and twelve months. Results: There was one non-device related operative death and no late deaths. Complete data are available on 24 of the 25 survivors. At baseline, six, and 12 months mean QoL scores were 42 ± 17, 24 ± 19 (P < 0.002), and 29 ± 19 (P < 0.003); six-minute walks were 337 ± 96 m, 424 ± 94 m (P < 0.001), and 404 ± 132 m (P < 0.002); and NYHA FC was 2.5± 0.5, 1.8 ± 0.97 (P < 0.001), and 1.6 ± 0.77 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In stable HF patients on OMT, this less invasive ventricular restoration procedure confers significant improvement in clinical functional parameters that remain durable for at least one year.
The enigma of cytosolic two‐component systems: a hypothesis (2009)

One-component systems (OCSs) and cytosolic two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) appear to share the same biological function, which consists in the transcriptional control in response to the cellular concentration of signal molecules. However, cytosolic TCSs as compared with OCSs represent a genetic and metabolic burden to the cell: the genetic information encoding a TCS is significantly larger than that of an OCS, two or more proteins instead of one need to be synthesized for a TCS and operation of the latter system requires the expense of ATP which is not the case for most OCSs. The evolutionary advantages of cytosolic TCSs over OCSs are thus not obvious. We hypothesize here that the increased capacity of cytosolic TCSs to respond to multiple signals is a major advantage over OCSs. Different mechanisms for the incorporation of additional signals into the regulatory circuit are discussed. The inclusion of several signals into the definition of the final regulatory response is proposed to result in a better adaptation of the host to given environmental conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparative Biotransformations (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
6.5kW high power direct diode laser applications in heavy industries (2008)

Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. mainly manufactures industrial machine, such as centrifugal compressor for oil/gas treatment plant, oil free screw compressor, and pump systems etc. Recently, small spot lasers, e.g., CO2, YAG, disc and fiber lasers, have been applied to material processing in heavy industries. Meanwhile, Direct-Diode-Laser (DDL) also has advantages caused by its linear laser spot. This paper introduces two applications of DDL processing for our products. Unique characteristics of DDL processing have been investigated in this work. Laser claddingDDL cladding process has been applied to a seal part of the screw rotor as substitute for chrome plating. DDL realizes higher processing speed than small spot lasers by forming broad cladding layer.Laser slot welding for 3D-impeller of compressorThis new manufacturing process consists of two welding steps, Laser melt-through bead welding and laser multilayer welding for making a T-joint instead of fillet welding. It has been possible to create the penetration bead like a fillet of the T-joint by scanning the linear beam spot parallel to the welding line. This DDL process has been applied for welding of the blade and the shroud of the impeller. As a result, manufacturing efficiency of welding impeller is improved from the conventional shielded metal arc welding.
Do we Know How to Diagnose Diabetes and do we Need to Screen for the Disease? (2001)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Diagnosis Screening Summary References
Abstract B01: Improve MEK/ERK targeting in mutant KRAS lung cancer (2014)

Abstract KRAS activating mutations are detected in 30% Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cases, and represent the subset of patients with the worst prognosis. Current efforts to develop treatments for this type of lung cancer are partially focused on inhibiting the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade downstream of KRAS. Inhibition of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway results in death of many mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer cell lines in vitro, and we have previously reported a murine active Kras lung cancer model that showed significant tumor regression upon treatment with the MEK inhibitor, selumetinib, when it was combined with other agents, such as PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 or the cytotoxic agent docetaxel. The activity of the latter combination was validated in a recent phase II clinical trial in NSCLC patients harboring KRAS mutations. However, the responses were not durable in either human patients or mice, as resistance develop rapidly following chronic MEK inhibition. We have developed two approaches to reduce or delay the emergence of resistant clones. First, we have identified a number of novel treatment strategies that would directly improve the initial efficacy of MEK/ERK inhibition to dramatically enhance the initial response to MEK inhibition. Second, we have designed chemical screening strategies that identify compounds that act against active Kras lung cancer independently from the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. We are using the first approach to delay the development of chronic resistance, while using the second approach to overcome resistance to MEK/ERK inhibition. Citation Format: Zhao Chen, Ellen Weisberg, Katherine Cheng, Andrew L. Kung, James Bradner, James Griffin, Kwok-Kin Wong. Improve MEK/ERK targeting in mutant KRAS lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B01. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-B01
Unifying theory of carotid plaque disruption based on structural phenotypes and forces expressed at the lumen/wall interface (2022)

Fibrous cap ulceration, plaque haemorrhage and excavation are sequential phenotypes of plaque disruption resulting from the chiselling effect of haemodynamic forces over unmatched mechanical tissue strength. This chain of events may result in thromboembolic events independently of the degree of stenosis.
Selective deoxygenation of ketones and aldehydes including hindered systems with sodium cyanoborohydride (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective deoxygenation of ketones and aldehydes including hindered systems with sodium cyanoborohydrideRobert O. Hutchins, Cynthia A. Milewski, and Bruce E. MaryanoffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 11, 3662–3668Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00792a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00792a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5285Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electron Microscopy Studies of V-P-O Catalyst Precursors: Defining the Dihydrate to Hemihydrate Phase Transformation (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
ACNe: Attentive Context Normalization for Robust Permutation-Equivariant Learning (2020)

Many problems in computer vision require dealing with sparse, unordered data in the form of point clouds. Permutation-equivariant networks have become a popular solution - they operate on individual data points with simple perceptrons and extract contextual information with global pooling. This can be achieved with a simple normalization of the feature maps, a global operation that is unaffected by the order. In this paper, we propose Attentive Context Normalization (ACN), a simple yet effective technique to build permutation-equivariant networks robust to outliers. Specifically, we show how to normalize the feature maps with weights that are estimated within the network, excluding outliers from this normalization. We use this mechanism to leverage two types of attention: local and global - by combining them, our method is able to find the essential data points in high-dimensional space in order to solve a given task. We demonstrate through extensive experiments that our approach, which we call Attentive Context Networks (ACNe), provides a significant leap in performance compared to the state-of-the-art on camera pose estimation, robust fitting, and point cloud classification under noise and outliers. Source code: https://github.com/vcg-uvic/acne.
A New Approach to Knowledge-Based Design of Recurrent Neural Networks (2008)

A major drawback of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is their black-box character. This is especially true for recurrent neural networks (RNNs) because of their intricate feedback connections. In particular, given a problem and some initial information concerning its solution, it is not at all obvious how to design an RNN that is suitable for solving this problem. In this paper, we consider a fuzzy rule base with a special structure, referred to as the fuzzy all-permutations rule base (FARB). Inferring the FARB yields an input-output (IO) mapping that is mathematically equivalent to that of an RNN. We use this equivalence to develop two new knowledge-based design methods for RNNs. The first method, referred to as the direct approach, is based on stating the desired functioning of the RNN in terms of several sets of symbolic rules, each one corresponding to a subnetwork. Each set is then transformed into a suitable FARB. The second method is based on first using the direct approach to design a library of simple modules, such as counters or comparators, and realize them using RNNs. Once designed, the correctness of each RNN can be verified. Then, the initial design problem is solved by using these basic modules as building blocks. This yields a modular and systematic approach for knowledge-based design of RNNs. We demonstrate the efficiency of these approaches by designing RNNs that recognize both regular and nonregular formal languages.
Bitvector-aware Query Optimization for Decision Support Queries (extended version) (2020)

Bitvector filtering is an important query processing technique that can significantly reduce the cost of execution, especially for complex decision support queries with multiple joins. Despite its wide application, however, its implication to query optimization is not well understood. In this work, we study how bitvector filters impact query optimization. We show that incorporating bitvector filters into query optimization straightforwardly can increase the plan space complexity by an exponential factor in the number of relations in the query. We analyze the plans with bitvector filters for star and snowflake queries in the plan space of right deep trees without cross products. Surprisingly, with some simplifying assumptions, we prove that, the plan of the minimal cost with bitvector filters can be found from a linear number of plans in the number of relations in the query. This greatly reduces the plan space complexity for such queries from exponential to linear. Motivated by our analysis, we propose an algorithm that accounts for the impact of bitvector filters in query optimization. Our algorithm optimizes the join order for an arbitrary decision support query by choosing from a linear number of candidate plans in the number of relations in the query. We implement our algorithm in Microsoft SQL Server as a transformation rule. Our evaluation on both industry standard benchmarks and customer workload shows that, compared with the original Microsoft SQL Server, our technique reduces the total CPU execution time by 22%-64% for the workloads, with up to two orders of magnitude reduction in CPU execution time for individual queries.
Modulation of ?5?1 integrin functions by the phospholipid and cholesterol contents of cell membranes (2000)

Several modifications of the α5β1 integrin, which alter its intracellular and extracellular interaction with fibronectin and other proteins, have been reported. However, the significance of the lateral mobility of integrin molecules in the plasma membrane, as a regulator of their distribution and function, is poorly understood. We examined this problem by increasing the cholesterol content of plasma membranes, and consequently modifying the fluidity of membrane phospholipids, in rat fibroblasts. Under these conditions, the clustering of α5β1 integrin molecules in focal adhesions, their adhesion to the cell-binding domain of fibronectin, and their association with the cytoskeletal protein talin were significantly enhanced as compared to control cells. However, the activation of MAP-kinase pathways by the association of fibronectin with α5β1 integrin, and its association with integrin-linked kinase (ilk), were suppressed. The treated cells also showed distinct changes in shape, and their actin stress fiber network was more dense and thick as compared to control cells. The changes in fluidity of phospholipids occurred differentially and fluidity of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine increased, while that of phosphatidyl-choline was reduced. Our results suggest that proteins in focal adhesions could be partitioned in specific lipid domains, which regulate specific aspects of α5β1 integrin functions. J. Cell. Biochem.77:517–528, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Orthogonal Multiple Access With Correlated Sources: Achievable Region and Pragmatic Schemes (2014)

In this paper, we consider orthogonal multiple access coding schemes, where correlated sources are encoded in a distributed fashion and transmitted through additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels to an access point (AP). At the AP, component decoders, which are associated with the source encoders, iteratively exchange soft information by taking into account the source correlation. The first goal of this paper is to investigate the ultimate achievable performance limits in terms of a multi-dimensional feasible region in the space of channel parameters, deriving insights on the impact of the number of sources. The second goal is the design of pragmatic schemes, where the sources use “off-the-shelf” channel codes. In order to analyze the performance of given coding schemes, we propose an extrinsic information transfer-based approach, which allows to determine the corresponding multi-dimensional feasible regions. On the basis of the proposed analytical framework, the performance of pragmatic coded schemes, based on serially concatenated convolutional codes, is discussed.
Performance evaluation of a holographic optical neural network system (1993)

One of the most outstanding properties of artificial neural networks is their capability for massive interconnection and parallel processing. Recently, specialized electronic neural network processors and VLSI neural chips have been introduced to the commercial market. The number of parallel channels they can handle is limited because of the limited parallel interconnections number with one-dimensional (1-D) electronic wires. High resolution pattern recognition problems may require a large number of neurons for parallel processing of the image. The holographic optical neural network (HONN) based on high resolution volume holographic materials is capable of providing 3-D massive parallel interconnection of tens of thousand of neurons. A HONN with 3600 neurons, contained in a portable briefcase, has been developed. Rotation-shift-scale invariant pattern recognition operations have been demonstrated with this system. System parameters, such as signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, and processing speed, will be discussed.
Kinetics ofHe(2S1)Using Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (1975)

We have demonstrated that quantum selected populations of $\mathrm{He}(2^{1}S)$ can be converted completely to ionization by single-photon excitation to $\mathrm{He}(3^{1}P)$ followed by collision-induced associative ionization. For helium pressures between 15 and 100 Torr, saturation of ionization was observed whenever a tunable dye laser produced more than 0.1 J/pulse. Absolute numbers of $\mathrm{He}(2^{1}S)$ per ion pair formed from proton interaction and the decay rates of $\mathrm{He}(2^{1}S)$ support a recent energy-pathways model.
Figure-of-Merit Characterization of Hydrogen-Bond Acidic Sorbents for Waveguide-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2020)

The optical properties of several hydrogen-bond acidic sorbent materials are evaluated in situ to assess their suitability for waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) of vapor-phase organophosphonates. A number of characteristics critical to WERS are evaluated for each sorbent: infrared absorption, Raman spectral background, and the limit of detection for a test hydrogen-bond-basic analyte (dimethyl methylphosphonate, DMMP). We describe the chemical properties of the sorbents that differentiate their optical properties for sensing. Then, we introduce a sorbent figure-of-merit that quantifies these differences and provides a framework to assess the quality of newly developed sorbent materials.
Web-based information content and its application to concept-based video retrieval (2008)

Semantic similarity between words or phrases is frequently used to find matching correlations between search queries and documents when straightforward matching of terms fails. This is particularly important for searching in visual databases, where pictures or video clips have been automatically tagged with a small set of semantic concepts based on analysis and classification of the visual content. Here, the textual description of documents is very limited, and semantic similarity based on WordNet's cognitive synonym structure, along with information content derived from term frequencies, can help to bridge the gap between an arbitrary textual query and a limited vocabulary of visual concepts. This approach, termed concept-based retrieval, has received significant attention over the last few years, and its success is highly dependent on the quality of the similarity measure used to map textual query terms to visual concepts.In this paper, we consider some issues of semantic similarity measures based on Information Content (IC), and propose a way to improve them. In particular, we note that most IC-based similarity measures are derived from a small and relatively outdated corpus (the Brown corpus), which does not adequately capture the usage pattern of many contemporary terms: for example, out of more than 150,000 WordNet terms, only about 36,000 are represented. This shortcoming reflects very negatively on the coverage of typical search query terms. We therefore suggest using alternative IC corpora that are larger and better aligned with the usage of modern vocabulary. We experimentally derive two such corpora using the WWW Google search engine, and show that they provide better coverage of vocabulary, while showing comparable frequencies for Brown corpus terms. Finally, we evaluate the two proposed IC corpora in the context of a concept-based video retrieval application using the TRECVID 2005, 2006, and 2007 datasets, and we show that they increase average precision results by up to 200%.
FRACTIONATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FOR FUEL-GRADE ETHANOL PRODUCTION (2002)

PureVision Technology, Inc. (PureVision) of Fort Lupton, Colorado is developing a process for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fuel-grade ethanol and specialty chemicals in order to enhance national energy security, rural economies, and environmental quality. Lignocellulosic-containing plants are those types of biomass that include wood, agricultural residues, and paper wastes. Lignocellulose is composed of the biopolymers cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose, a polymer of glucose, is the component in lignocellulose that has potential for the production of fuel-grade ethanol by direct fermentation of the glucose. However, enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose and raw cellulose into glucose is hindered by the presence of lignin. The cellulase enzyme, which hydrolyzes cellulose to glucose, becomes irreversibly bound to lignin. This requires using the enzyme in reagent quantities rather than in catalytic concentration. The extensive use of this enzyme is expensive and adversely affects the economics of ethanol production. PureVision has approached this problem by developing a biomass fractionator to pretreat the lignocellulose to yield a highly pure cellulose fraction. The biomass fractionator is based on sequentially treating the biomass with hot water, hot alkaline solutions, and polishing the cellulose fraction with a wet alkaline oxidation step. In September 2001 PureVision and Western Research Institute (WRI) initiated a jointly sponsored research project with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to evaluate their pretreatment technology, develop an understanding of the chemistry, and provide the data required to design and fabricate a one- to two-ton/day pilot-scale unit. The efforts during the first year of this program completed the design, fabrication, and shakedown of a bench-scale reactor system and evaluated the fractionation of corn stover. The results from the evaluation of corn stover have shown that water hydrolysis prior to alkaline hydrolysis may be beneficial in removing hemicellulose and lignin from the feedstock. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis has been shown to remove a significant portion of the hemicellulose and lignin. The resulting cellulose can be exposed to a finishing step with wet alkaline oxidation to remove the remaining lignin. The final product is a highly pure cellulose fraction containing less than 1% of the native lignin with an overall yield in excess of 85% of the native cellulose. This report summarizes the results from the first year's effort to move the technology to commercialization.