gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase substrate promiscuity: Challenges and opportunities for development of substrate reduction therapy in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism (2023)

Toxicity of accumulating substrates is a significant problem in several disorders of valine and isoleucine degradation notably short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1 or crotonase) deficiency, 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) deficiency, propionic acidemia (PA), and methylmalonic aciduria (MMA). Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD8) and short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD, ACADSB) function in the valine and isoleucine degradation pathways, respectively. Deficiencies of these acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) enzymes are considered biochemical abnormalities with limited or no clinical consequences. We investigated whether substrate reduction therapy through inhibition of ACAD8 and SBCAD can limit the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism. Using analysis of acylcarnitine isomers, we show that 2-methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid (MCPA) inhibited SBCAD, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, but not ACAD8. MCPA treatment of wild-type and PA HEK-293 cells caused a pronounced decrease in C3-carnitine. Furthermore, deletion of ACADSB in HEK-293 cells led to an equally strong decrease in C3-carnitine when compared to wild-type cells. Deletion of ECHS1 in HEK-293 cells caused a defect in lipoylation of the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which was not rescued by ACAD8 deletion. MCPA was able to rescue lipoylation in ECHS1 KO cells, but only in cells with prior ACAD8 deletion. SBCAD was not the sole ACAD responsible for this compensation, which indicates substantial promiscuity of ACADs in HEK-293 cells for the isobutyryl-CoA substrate. Substrate promiscuity appeared less prominent for 2-methylbutyryl-CoA at least in HEK-293 cells. We suggest that pharmacological inhibition of SBCAD to treat PA should be investigated further.
Cu-ion diffusivity in SiO<inf>2</inf>-Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> solid electrolyte and its impact on the yield of resistance switching after BEOL processes (2009)

For stability against the thermal budget of the CMOS BEOL process, we developed a new solid-electrolyte switch that uses a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> composite as the electrolyte. This switch has high thermal stability because thermal diffusion of Cu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ions is suppressed in the composite. Moreover, its switching characteristics after thermal annealing are similar to those of a Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> switch without annealing. The switch with the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> composite electrolyte has good ON-state durability against DC current stress; its durability is comparable to that of a single via in interconnects. The switch can be implemented in the local interconnection layers of LSIs.
Defect characterization in electron-irradiated6H−SiCby positron annihilation (1999)

Isochronal annealing investigations in electron-irradiated $6H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{SiC}$ were correlated with temperature-dependent measurements of positron lifetime. It turned out that the positron trapping at temperatures up to 300 K was dominated by the trapping in shallow positron traps. These defects were already present in the unirradiated material and could be attributed to the antisite defects. The annealing of the irradiation-induced monovacancies and divacancies took a continuous course up to 1740 K. In the wide-temperature range between 300 and 1200 K, different monovacancylike defects annealed and above 1200 K the divacancy disappeared. The weak increase of the average positron lifetime between 750 and 1200 K detected at measurement temperatures below 300 K must be caused by partial annealing of shallow traps, probably irradiation-induced shallow traps. After the final annealing at 1740 K all of the irradiation-induced defects vanished.
Tandem Use of Cobalt-Mediated Reactions to Synthesize (+)-Epoxydictymene, a Diterpene Containing a Trans-Fused 5−5 Ring System (1997)

The diterpene (+)-epoxydictymene has been synthesized in 20 steps using the asymmetry of (R)-pulegone and several substrate-controlled diastereoselective reactions to prepare the natural product in its natural configuration. Three of the four rings were assembled with two consecutive intramolecular reactions involving dicobalt hexacarbonyl complexes of alkynes: a Lewis acid-promoted Nicholas reaction and a Pauson−Khand reaction. The construction of the strained trans-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane ring system of the natural product presented a significant challenge. To this end, several radical and anionic cyclizations were studied, the latter leading to (+)-epoxydictymene.
Differential effects of Flk-2/Flt-3 ligand and stem cell factor on murine thymic progenitor cells (1997)

Most primitive thymic progenitors, termed CD4(low) cells (CD25- CD44+ CD117+), retain the ability to generate multiple lymphoid lineages. T cell lineage commitment occurs as CD4(low) cells differentiate into pro-T cells (CD25+ CD44+ CD117+). We previously reported that the in vitro cytokine responses of CD4(low) and pro-T cells differ. While Flt-3 ligand (Flt-3L) has been shown to be involved in early bone marrow hemopoiesis, its role in thymopoiesis has not been thoroughly examined. Here, we report that Flt-3L has no significant effect on pro-T cells, either by in vitro proliferation or in fetal thymic organ culture repopulation. In contrast, CD4(low) cells cultured in vitro for 3 days in IL-3 + IL-6 + IL-7 + Flt-3L generated a twofold increase in cell number 21 days after transfer into fetal thymic organ culture that increased to sixfold by day 35 when compared with the corresponding CD4(low) cells cultured in IL-3 + IL-6 + IL-7 + stem cell factor. Additionally, the Flt-3L-cultured CD4(low) cells displayed fetal thymic organ culture repopulation kinetics that more closely approximated those seen with freshly isolated CD4(low) cells. These data suggest that Flt-3L serves as a self-renewal or proliferation/expansion signal for CD4(low) cells, while the effect of stem cell factor is more likely to transduce a differentiation signal, resulting in more rapid repopulation at the expense of cell expansion.
PIK3C3 Inhibition Promotes Sensitivity to Colon Cancer Therapy by Inhibiting Cancer Stem Cells (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Despite recent advances in therapies, resistance to chemotherapy remains a critical problem in the clinical management of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in therapy resistance. Thus, elimination of CSCs is crucial for effective CRC therapy; however, such strategies are limited. Autophagy promotes resistance to cancer therapy; however, whether autophagy protects CSCs to promote resistance to CRC-therapy is not well understood. Moreover, specific and potent autophagy inhibitors are warranted as clinical trials with hydroxychloroquine have not been successful. <b>Methods:</b> Colon cancer cells and tumoroids were used. Fluorescent reporter-based analysis of autophagy flux, spheroid and side population (SP) culture, and qPCR were done. We synthesized 36-077, a potent inhibitor of PIK3C3/VPS34 kinase, to inhibit autophagy. Combination treatments were done using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 36-077. <b>Results:</b> The 5-FU treatment induced autophagy only in a subset of the treated colon cancer. These autophagy-enriched cells also showed increased expression of CSC markers. Co-treatment with 36-077 significantly improved efficacy of the 5-FU treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that combination therapy inhibited GSK-3β/Wnt/β-catenin signaling to inhibit CSC population. <b>Conclusion:</b> Autophagy promotes resistance to CRC-therapy by specifically promoting GSK-3β/Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote CSC survival, and 36-077, a PIK3C3/VPS34 inhibitor, helps promote efficacy of CRC therapy.
Terahertz repetition frequencies from harmonic mode-locked monolithic compound-cavity laser diodes (2001)

Compound-cavity laser diodes are mode locked at a harmonic of the fundamental round-trip frequency to achieve repetition rates of up to 2.1 THz. The devices are fabricated from GaAs/AlGaAs material at a wavelength of 860 nm and incorporate two gain sections with an etched slot reflector between them, and a saturable absorber section. Autocorrelation studies are used to investigate device behavior for different reflector types and reflectivity. These lasers may find applications in terahertz imaging, medicine, ultrafast optical links, and atmospheric sensing.
Design and implementation of fake two-piece fully formed process for blouse (2021)

Purpose Fully formed knitting technology is a cutting-edge technology in the design and production of knitted apparel. Using this technology and its supporting design system, a new development mode of fully formed knitted apparel with double-layer structure and fake two-piece knitwear is proposed. Design/methodology/approach Based on the upper body structure feature points of human body characteristics and single-layer knitted garment prototype, a double-layer structure knitted garment pattern was established by pattern expansion method. The model was introduced into SDS-APPEX3 design system for process design, including three aspects consists: the inner vest, the outer blouse and double-layer joint part, analysis of the process and forming principle. Weaving on four-needle bed computerized flat knitting machine of MACH-2XS, through the setting of the machine parameters. Finally, a full-shaped fake two-piece knitted blouse was formed. Findings On the basis of single-layer knitted garment pattern, a double-layer garment pattern is constructed, and the design and weaving are completed on the four-needle bed computerized knitting machine of MACH-2XS and its supporting SDS-APPEX3 design system through the fake two-piece double-layer garment style design. The double-layer joint model is an effective reference for the construction of this kind of fake two-piece fully formed knitted clothing. Originality/value In this paper, a design and knitting method of fully formed double-layer structure fake two-piece knitted garment is proposed. The integrated knitting of fully formed double-layer structure sweater is realized for the first time, which provides ideas for the development of fully formed double-layer structure knitted clothing style and enriches the fully formed clothing style.
Tunable polarization response of a planar asymmetric-spiral infrared antenna (1998)

We present measurements at 10.6 µm that demonstrate electronic tuning of the polarization response of asymmetric-spiral infrared antennas connected to Ni–NiO–Ni diodes. Continuous variation of the bias voltage applied to the diode results in a rotation of the principal axis of the polarization ellipse of the spiral antenna. A 90° tuning range is measured for a bias voltage that varies from -160 to +160 mV. This effect is caused by a small asymmetry of the deposited diode contact or by a variation of the detector capacitance with the applied bias voltage.
Evidence for static localization in the lowest optically excited states of ruthenium(II) diimine complexes: a solvent- and time-dependent photoselection study at 77 K (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for static localization in the lowest optically excited states of ruthenium(II) diimine complexes: a solvent- and time-dependent photoselection study at 77 KM. L. Myrick, R. L. Blakley, M. K. DeArmond, and M. L. ArthurCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 5, 1325–1336Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00213a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00213a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Towards Self-Tuning Memory Management for Data Servers (1999)

Although today&amp;apos;s computers provide huge amounts of main memory, the ever-increasing load of large data servers, imposed by resource-intensive decision-support queries and accesses to multimedia and other complex data, often leads to memory contention and may result in severe performance degradation. Therefore, careful tuning of memory mangement is crucial for heavy-load data servers. This paper gives an overview of self-tuning methods for a spectrum of memory management issues, ranging from traditional caching to exploiting distributed memory in a server cluster and speculative prefetching in a Web-based system. The common, fundamental elements in these methods include on-line load tracking, near-future access prediction based on stochastic models and the available on-line statistics, and dynamic and automatic adjustment of control parameters in a feedback loop. 1 The Need for Memory Tuning Although memory is relatively inexpensive and modern computer systems are amply equipp...
Reconfiguring European States in Crisis (2017)

Reconfiguring European States in Crisis offers a ground-breaking analysis by some of Europe's leading political scientists, examining how the European national state and the European Union state have dealt with two sorts of changes in the last two decades. Firstly, the volume analyses the growth of performance measurement in government, the rise of new sorts of policy delivery agencies, the devolution of power to regions and cities, and the spread of neoliberal ideas in economic policy. The volume demonstrates how the rise of non-state controlled organizations and norms combine with Europeanization to reconfigure European states. Secondly, the volume focuses on how the current crises in fiscal policy, Brexit, security and terrorism, and migration through a borderless European Union have had dramatic effects on European states and will continue to do so.
The effect of surface roughness on the radiative properties of patterned silicon wafers (1998)

The radiative properties of patterned silicon wafers have a major impact on the two critical issues in rapid thermal processing (RTP), namely wafer temperature uniformity and wafer temperature measurement. The surface topography variation of the die area caused by patterning and the roughness of the wafer backside can have a significant effect on the radiative properties, but these effects are not well characterized. We report measurements of room temperature reflectance of a memory die, logic die, and various multilayered wafer backsides. The surface roughness of the die areas and wafer backsides is characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). These data are subsequently used to assess the effectiveness of thin film optics in providing approximations for the radiative properties of patterned wafers for RTP applications.
Real-time 3D motion and structure of point features: a front-end system for vision-based control and interaction (2000)

We present a system that consists of one camera connected to a personal computer that can (a) select and track a number of high-contrast point features on a sequence of images, (b) estimate their three-dimensional motion and position relative to an inertial reference frame, assuming rigidity, (c) handle occlusions that cause point-features to disappear as well as new features to appear. The system can also (d) perform partial self-calibration and (e) check for consistency of the rigidity assumption, although these features are not implemented in the current release. All of this is done automatically and in real-time (30 Hz) for 40-50 point features using commercial off-the-shelf hardware. The system is based on an algorithm presented by Chiuso et al. (2000), the properties of which have been analyzed by Chiuso and Soatto (2000). In particular, the algorithm is provably observable, provably minimal and provably stable- under suitable conditions. The core of the system, consisting of C++ code ready to interface with a frame grabber as well as Matlab code for development, is available at http://ee.wustl.edu/-soatto/research.html. We demonstrate the system by showing its use as (1) an ego-motion estimator, (2) an object tracker, and (3) an interactive input device, all without any modification of the system settings.
Bladder urothelial carcinoma producing insulin‐like growth factor II: A case report (2018)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of insulin-like growth factor-II-producing urothelial carcinoma that have been recapitulated in a patient-derived xenograft model.
Antisense inhibition of coagulation factor XI prolongs APTT without increased bleeding risk in cynomolgus monkeys (2012)

A strategy to produce sufficient anticoagulant properties with reduced risk of bleeding may be possible through inhibition of factor XI (FXI), a component of the intrinsic coagulation cascade. The objective of this work was to determine the safety profile of ISIS 416858, a 2'-methoxyethoxy (2'-MOE) antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of FXI, with focus on assessment of bleeding risk. Cynomolgus monkeys administered ISIS 416858 (4, 8, 12, and 40 mg/kg/wk, subcutaneous) for up to 13 weeks produced a dose-dependent reduction in FXI (mRNA in liver and plasma activity) and a concomitant increase in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). ISIS 416858 (20 or 40 mg/kg/wk) reduced plasma FXI activity by 80% at 4 weeks of treatment that resulted in a 33% increase in APTT by 13 weeks with no effects on PT, platelets, or increased bleeding following partial tail amputation or gum and skin laceration. The dose-dependent presence of basophilic granules in multiple tissues in ISIS 416858-treated animals was an expected histologic change for a 2'-MOE antisense oligonucleotide, and no toxicity was attributed to hepatic FXI reduction. Basophilic granules reflect cellular drug uptake and subsequent visualization on hematoxylin staining. These results suggest that ISIS 416858 has an acceptable preclinical safety profile and is a promising clinical candidate to treat thrombotic disease.
Micromechanical model of nonlinear relaxor ferroelectric phase transformation (2008)

Some relaxor ferroelectric single crystals undergo a diffuse phase transformation while others undergo a step like transformation when driven by either stress or electric field. In this work the distributed transformation is modeled as a sequence of distributed transformations associated with compositional fluctuations typical or relaxor ferroelectrics. The distribution function is taken to be Gaussian. The results are in good agreement with observations of the response of <011> cut PMN-0.32PT single crystals.
Nonruminant Nutrition : Evaluation of Un-fasted Pig Stomach Spent Feed as a Substitute in Finishing Pigs Diet (2011)

Insufficient pre-slaughter fasting leaves serious amount of feed-like contents(designated here as un-fasted stomach spent feed, USSF) in the eviscerated pig stomach. This study was intended to evoke economical and environmental seriousness of USSF discharge by estimating its value as pig feed. For finishing pigs feeding trial, three levels(0, 5, and 10%) of USSF were blended with pig feed to prepare control and two treatment diets, respectively. A total of 42(21 males, 21 females) crossbred (Landrace× Yorkshire×Duroc) finishing pigs weighing 81.5±8.0kg were employed to 28d feeding trial and in vivo digestibility trial by Cr2O3 indicator method with 7 males and 7 female pigs per treatment. In vitro total tract digestion of USSF showed 70.5% and 57.6% of DM and OM digestibilities, respectively which were poorer(p 0.05) in dressing percentage and carcass grade among treatments. Results of this study showed that 5% USSF substitution in finishing pigs diet did not exert any disadvantage in terms of production performance and carcass grade. This study implied that un-fasted slaughter causing excessive excretion of USSF should be avoided. If not avoidable, the USSF should not be wasted in abattoir but could be recycled as pig feed.
Low-Earth-orbit exposure of carbon-based materials aboard Shuttle flight STS-46 (1995)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
High-speed silicon Michelson interferometer modulator and streamlined IMDD PAM-4 transmission of Mach-Zehnder modulators for the 2 μm wavelength band (2021)

We demonstrate high-speed silicon modulators optimized for operating at the wavelength of 2 μm. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) carrier-depletion modulator with 2 mm phase shifter has a single-arm modulation efficiency (V<sub>π</sub> ·L<sub>π</sub>) of 2.89 V·cm at 4 V reverse bias. Using a push-pull configuration it operates at a data rate of 25 Gbit/s OOK with an extinction ratio of 6.25 dB. We also proposed a mathematically-analysed streamlined IMDD PAM-4 scheme and successfully demonstrated a 25 Gbit/s datarate PAM-4 with the same 2 mm modulator. A Michelson interferometer carrier-depletion modulator with 0.5 mm phase shift length has also been shown with modulation efficiency (V<sub>π</sub> ·L<sub>π</sub>) of 1.36 V·cm at 4 V reverse bias and data rate of 20 Gbit/s OOK. The Michelson interferometer modulator performs similarly to a Mach-Zehnder modulator with twice the phase shifter length.
ChemInform Abstract: The Occurrence of the Human Glycoconjugate C2‐α‐D‐Mannosylpyranosyl‐L‐tryptophan in Marine Ascidians. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.