gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chasing the metric: Smoothing learning algorithms for keyword detection (2014)

In this paper we propose to directly optimize a discrete objective function by smoothing it, showing it is both effective at enhancing the figure of merit that we are interested in while keeping the overall complexity of the training procedure unaltered. We looked at the task of keyword detection with data scarcity (e.g., for languages for which we do not have enough data), and found it useful to optimize the Actual Term Weighted Value (ATWV) directly. In particular, we were able to automatically set the detection threshold while improving ATWV by more than 1% using a computationally cheap method based on a smoothed ATWV on both single systems and for system combination. Furthermore, we did study additional features to refine keyword candidates which were easy to optimize thanks to the same techniques, and improved ATWV by an additional 1%. The advantage of our method with respect to others is that, since we can use continuous optimization techniques, it does not impose a limit in the number of parameters that other discrete optimization techniques exhibit.
Evaluation of palpable breast masses with 201TI scintigraphy (1996)

We agree with Dr Roebuck's statement that the combination of physical examination, mammography and fine-needle aspiration is highly accuarate in the diagnosis of palpable breast massess when all the tests give the same result. However, each of these methods of assessment has important limitations.
Cell type-selective secretome profiling in vivo (2020)

ABSTRACT Secreted polypeptides are a fundamental biochemical axis of intercellular and endocrine communication. However, a global understanding of composition and dynamics of cellular secretomes in intact mammalian organisms has been lacking. Here, we introduce a proximity biotinylation strategy that enables labeling, detection, and enrichment of secreted polypeptides in a cell type-selective manner in mice. We generate a proteomic atlas of hepatocyte, myocyte, pericyte, and myeloid cell secretomes by direct purification of biotinylated secreted polypeptides from blood. Our secretome atlas validates known cell type-protein pairs, reveals secreted polypeptides that distinguish between cell types, and identifies new cellular sources for classical plasma proteins. Lastly, we uncover a dynamic and previously undescribed nutrient-dependent reprogramming of the hepatocyte secretome characterized by increased unconventional secretion of the cytosolic enzyme BHMT. This secretome profiling strategy enables dynamic and cell-type dissection of the plasma proteome and the secreted polypeptides that mediate intercellular signaling.
Factors involved in the enhanced efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria of fourth generation cephalosporins (1992)

The fourth generation cephalosporins, cefpirome and cefepime, demonstrate better activity against strains of Enterobacter cloacae with derepressed beta-lactamase than the third generation compounds cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Several methodological refinements were used to measure the parameters, predicted by the Zimmermann-Rosselet equation to be important in the efficacy of beta-lactams. Outer membrane permeability was measured by a novel HPLC method. The kinetics of interaction of purified beta-lactamase with beta-lactams were estimated to calculate the inhibition and catalytic constants. The periplasmic concentration of beta-lactams leading to growth inhibition of cells was determined by substituting the above parameters into the Zimmermann-Rosselet equation. Consideration of these three factors allowed accurate prediction of MICs in isogenic E. cloacae strains with differing porin or beta-lactamase contents. The fourth generation cephalosporins had markedly reduced affinity for beta-lactamase and increased outer membrane permeability when compared to the third generation cephalosporins. Such advantages were only partly offset by a lower stability of complexes with beta-lactamase and reduced affinity for their targets.
Unusually Strong Binding to the DNA Minor Groove by a Highly Twisted Benzimidazole Diphenylether:  Induced Fit and Bound Water (2007)

RT29 is a dicationic diamidine derivative that does not obey the classical "rules" for shape and functional group placement that are expected to result in strong binding and specific recognition of the DNA minor groove. The compound contains a benzimidazole diphenyl ether core that is flanked by the amidine cations. The diphenyl ether is highly twisted and gives the entire compound too much curvature to fit well to the shape of the minor groove. DNase I footprinting, fluorescence intercalator displacement studies, and circular dichroism spectra, however, indicate that the compound is an AT specific minor groove binding agent. Even more surprisingly, quantitative biosensor-surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetric results indicate that the compound binds with exceptional strength to certain AT sequences in DNA with a large negative enthalpy of binding. Crystallographic results for the DNA complex of RT29 compared to calculated results for the free compound show that the compound undergoes significant conformational changes to enhance its minor groove interactions. In addition, a water molecule is incorporated directly into the complex to complete the compound-DNA interface, and it forms an essential link between the compound and base pair edges at the floor of the minor groove. The calculated DeltaCp value for complex formation is substantially less than the experimentally observed value, which supports the idea of water being an intrinsic part of the complex with a major contribution to the DeltaCp value. Both the induced fit conformational changes of the compound and the bound water are essential for strong binding to DNA by RT29.
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides enhance Fc RI-mediated cross presentation by dendritic cells (2004)

Dendritic cells (DC) can trigger naive CD8 1 T cell responses by their capacity to cross-present exogenous antigens via the major histocompatibility complex class I pathway. The myeloid class I IgG receptor, FccRI (CD64), is expressed on DC, and in vivo targeting of antigens to FccRI induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses. We studied the capacity of human FccRI (hFccRI) to facilitate DC-mediated cross presentation and T cell activation, and assessed the effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on this process. We generated hFccRI expressing immature DC from hFccRI transgenic and immature DC from non-transgenic mice. Antigens were targeted to Fcc receptors as ovalbumin immune complexes, or selectively to hFccRI via ovalbumin-CD64 mAb fusion proteins. Coincubation of immature DC with CpG ODN led to markedly increased MHC class I presentation of FccR-targeted antigens. When OVA was selectively targeted to hFccRI, few differences were observed between Tg and NTg DC. However, upon co-incubation with CpG ODN, hFccRI-triggered cross presentation was enhanced. These results document the capacity of hFccRI on DC to trigger cross presentation via MHC class I upon co-culture with CpG ODN.
Optical Power Dynamics in Wavelength Layer Software Defined Networking (2015)

Optical power dynamics that result from wavelength switching and routing require system tuning that will impact the performance of software defined networking (SDN) methods in the physical layer. We review the constraints on SDN functions due to optical power dynamics.
Ultrasound Neuromodulation of the Spleen Has Time-Dependent Anti-Inflammatory Effect in a Pneumonia Model (2022)

Interfaces between the nervous and immune systems have been shown essential for the coordination and regulation of immune responses. Non-invasive ultrasound stimulation targeted to the spleen has recently been shown capable of activating one such interface, the splenic cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Over the past decade, CAP and other neuroimmune pathways have been activated using implanted nerve stimulators and tested to prevent cytokine release and inflammation. However, CAP studies have typically been performed in models of severe, systemic (e.g., endotoxemia) or chronic inflammation (e.g., collagen-induced arthritis or DSS-induced colitis). Herein, we examined the effects of activation of the splenic CAP with ultrasound in a model of local bacterial infection by lung instillation of 10<sup>5</sup> CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We demonstrate a time-dependent effect of CAP activation on the cytokine response assay during infection progression. CAP activation-induced cytokine suppression is absent at intermediate times post-infection (16 hours following inoculation), but present during the early (4 hours) and later phases (48 hours). These results indicate that cytokine inhibition associated with splenic CAP activation is not observed at all timepoints following bacterial infection and highlights the importance of further studying neuroimmune interfaces within the context of different immune system and inflammatory states.
Development of a Combined Catalyst and Sorbent for the Water Gas Shift Reaction (2014)

A combined catalyst and sorbent was developed for reacting CO with steam to produce H2 in a single reaction stage at 600 °C by employing the water gas shift (WGS) reaction. The combined material was in the form of spherical pellets where each pellet consisted of a CaO core for absorbing byproduct CO2 surrounded by a porous shell of Al2O3 which supported a Ni catalyst. The best results were achieved by incorporating 5 wt % limestone in the shell material to suppress coking. By employing the best core-in-shell pellets and supplying a 3:1 mol ratio of steam to CO at 600 °C, more than 97% of the CO was converted to H2 by the WGS reaction and less than 1% was converted to CH4 by a side reaction. Also, none of the CO was converted to coke.
Interplay of Phase Separation and Thermoreversible Gelation in Aqueous Methylcellulose Solutions (2012)

Rheology and turbidity measurements were performed under similar thermal histories to probe the relationship between thermoreversible gelation and phase separation for a set of three methylcellulose (MC) materials with similar degrees of substitution (DS) and contrasting molecular weights after hydration in cold water. Frequency-independent loss tangents were used to identify the gel point (Tgel) in MC solutions well over the chain overlap concentration (c ≥ 10c*). Transmittance of 633 nm laser light through the solutions revealed that all MC solutions cloud upon gelling, with a relative transmittance of 86% closely associated with the gel point. The gelation temperature of MC solutions was found to decrease with increasing MC concentration and the results for all molecular weights superposed. Using gel and cloud points, a phase diagram was constructed which reveals that clear MC solutions transition directly into turbid gels. Frequency-independent storage moduli of fully developed MC gels scaled with φ2.3, consistent with theory and experiment of entangled systems. Gelation of MC has strong dependence on heating rate while the melting of the gel has little dependence on cooling rate, suggesting that thermogelation of MC proceeded by a nucleation and growth mechanism rather than spinodal decomposition.
Comparison of mutational profiles and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with mutated RUNX1 versus acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes with mutated RUNX1 (2020)

Studies comparing the prognostic role of <i>RUNX1</i> mutations (<i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i>) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute myeloid leukemia-with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) are limited. Our study examines the genetic profile of 118 <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i> AML patients including 57 AML with <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i> and 61 AML-MRC with <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i> and 100 AML, NOS patients with wild type <i>RUNX1</i> (<i>RUNX1<sup>wt</sup></i>). Results revealed that AML-MRC patients with <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i> had shorter median overall survival (OS) (11 ± 3.3 months) when compared to AML with <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i> (19 ± 7.1 months) and AML, NOS with <i>RUNX1<sup>wt</sup></i> (not reached) (<i>p</i> = .001). The most common concurrent mutations observed in AML-MRC with <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i> patients were <i>DNMT3A</i>, <i>SRSF2</i>, <i>ASXL1</i>, and <i>IDH2</i> while in AML with <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i> patients were <i>ASXL1</i>, <i>SRSF2</i>, <i>TET2</i>, <i>IDH2</i>, and <i>DNMT3A</i>. <i>ASXL1</i> and <i>TET2</i> mutations appeared to adversely affect OS in AML-MRC, but not in AML with <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i>. Concurrent <i>RUNX1/DNMT3A</i> mutations, in contrast had negative impact on OS in AML with <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i>, but not in AML-MRC with <i>RUNX1<sup>mut</sup></i>.
A comparative evaluation of finger and pen stroke gestures (2012)

This paper reports an empirical investigation in which participants produced a set of stroke gestures with varying degrees of complexity and in different target sizes using both the finger and the pen. The recorded gestures were then analyzed according to multiple measures characterizing many aspects of stroke gestures. Our findings were as follows: (1) Finger drawn gestures were quite different to pen drawn gestures in basic measures including size ratio and average speed. Finger drawn gestures tended to be larger and faster than pen drawn gestures. They also differed in shape geometry as measured by, for example, aperture of closed gestures, corner shape distance and intersecting points deviation; (2) Pen drawn gestures and finger drawn gestures were similar in several measures including articulation time, indicative angle difference, axial symmetry and proportional shape distance; (3) There were interaction effects between gesture implement (finger vs. pen) and target gesture size and gesture complexity. Our findings show that half of the features we tested were performed well enough by the finger. This finding suggests that "finger friendly" systems should exploit these features when designing finger interfaces and avoid using the other features in which the finger does not perform as well as the pen.
Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysis: An Innovative Concept for Homogeneous Catalysis in Continuous Fixed‐Bed Reactors (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Analysis of Intact Monoclonal Antibody IgG1 by Electron Transfer Dissociation Orbitrap FTMS (2012)

The primary structural information of proteins employed as biotherapeutics is essential if one wishes to understand their structure-function relationship, as well as in the rational design of new therapeutics and for quality control. Given both the large size (around 150 kDa) and the structural complexity of intact immunoglobulin G (IgG), which includes a variable number of disulfide bridges, its extensive fragmentation and subsequent sequence determination by means of tandem mass spectrometry (MS) are challenging. Here, we applied electron transfer dissociation (ETD), implemented on a hybrid Orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometer (FTMS), to analyze a commercial recombinant IgG in a liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) top-down experiment. The lack of sensitivity typically observed during the top-down MS of large proteins was addressed by averaging time-domain transients recorded in different LC-MS/MS experiments before performing Fourier transform signal processing. The results demonstrate that an improved signal-to-noise ratio, along with the higher resolution and mass accuracy provided by Orbitrap FTMS (relative to previous applications of top-down ETD-based proteomics on IgG), is essential for comprehensive analysis. Specifically, ETD on Orbitrap FTMS produced about 33% sequence coverage of an intact IgG, signifying an almost 2-fold increase in IgG sequence coverage relative to prior ETD-based analysis of intact monoclonal antibodies of a similar subclass. These results suggest the potential application of the developed methodology to other classes of large proteins and biomolecules.
High wallplug efficiency vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using lower barrier DBR mirrors (1993)

A lower energy barrier p-type Al0.67Ga0.33As/GaAs DBR mirror has been incorporated into a previously reported vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure. CW measurements at room temperature demonstrate lower threshold voltages of 1.86 V, and a record high power-conversion efficiency of 14.9% was achieved.
PROPOFOL-FENTANYL SEDATION TECHNIQUE FOR QUANTITATED STRABISMUS SURGERY IN ADULT PATIENTS (1998)

S17 Quantitated strabismus surgeries in adult patient become increasing popular and may reduce the re-operation rate [1]. The conventional anesthetic techniques for the strabismus surgery are to administer a retrobuiber block by local anesthetic or general anesthesia with muscle relaxants. With these techniques the quantitative adjustments of extra-ocular muscles during surgery were practically difficult due to paresis of ocular muscles. To perform the intra-operative adjustment of sutures ("awake test"), propofol-fentanyl sedation with topical anesthetic would be an attractive method with respect to the surgical procedure and patient comfort. Methods: After institutional approval, informed consent was obtained. We studied 7 consecutive patients, 17 to 25 years old, who underwent strabismus surgery using the anesthetic technique described below. ECG, SpO2 and ETCO2 were monitored with 4L/min. of O2 via face mask. These patient were sedated preoperatively with intravenous fentanyl citrate (100 to 150 [micro sign]g) and infusion of intravenous propofol (loading dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg, followed by a continuous infusion of 2 to 4 mg/kg/hr). Additional bolus of fentanyl (50 to 100 [micro sign]g) to maintain adequate sedation was given. A drop of lidocane 2% was instilled only before the incision of conjunctive. A few minutes prior to the intra-operative adjustment of sutures ("awake test"), propofol infusion was halted. The patient were awakened and asked to fixate the far and near target. Then propofol infusion was restarted to make the patient asleep and suture were adjusted when necessary. At the completion of surgery and 6 hours after the surgery, the patient discomfort was graded by the patient and physician, and the incidence of the intra-operative awareness and postoperative nausea/vomiting was examined. Results: No patient experienced "severe discomfort" as graded. Only one patient claimed "mild discomfort". One patient experienced the intra-operative awareness except "awake test" for the adjustment of sutures. No patient had nausea/vomiting on the day of surgery. The evaluation of this anesthetic procedure by surgeons were excellent. Conclusions: Propofol-fentanyl sedation technique can provide the opportunity for intra-operative quantitative adjustments of ocular muscles ("awake test") in adult strabismus surgery without major side effects.
Analysis of interaction force of wire-based robot using variable wire rope tension control (2009)

In this paper, the objective is to analyze a robot system with consideration the different levels of wire rope tension for human-robot applications. In the controller design, dual disturbance observers with respect to two operation modes, namely the common mode and the differential mode are designed and applied for controlling wire rope tension and interaction force of human. The variable wire rope tension algorithm is proposed to change the mechanical bandwidth according to motion movements. The advantage points of the high mechanical bandwidth and low stiffness transmission are combined together. From the experimental results, the variable wire rope tension control is combined to give the best results on an experimental setup, for the rejection of the vibration effects and for the smooth interaction force.
Resolution of Mesenteric Masses May Occur in Patients with Mesenteric Panniculitis: A Review of Four Cases (2010)

Purpose: Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is a rare disorder involving adipose tissue of the mesentery causing inflammation, fat necrosis and fibrosis. Computerized tomography of the abdomen in these patients demonstrates a mesenteric mass. The natural history of the disease is not fully characterized. A series of patients with MP having resolution of the mesenteric mass has not been previously described. Our group consisted of three females and one male with average patient age of 49 years ranging from age 45 to 56 years old. All four patients had mesenteric masses on CT scan, biopsy proven MP and subsequent resolution of their mesenteric masses on CT. Symptoms included diffuse abdominal pain, nausea and bloating. Mesenteric Panniculitis Symptom Assessment Scale score averaged 26 (moderate symptoms), with a range from 10 (asymptomatic) to 100 (very severe symptoms daily). Initial work-up included normal laboratory testing with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels half the patients. Average ESR values were 20 mm (normal 0-10 mm), ranging from 2-55. Average CRP values were 26.9 mg/dL (normal <8.0 mg/dL) with a range from 2.5 to 97 mg/dL. CT scans demonstrated large, hazy masses in the peritoneal cavity with fat enhancement and multiple soft tissue nodules along the root of the small bowel mesentery without vascular compromise; all of these are characteristic features of MP. Biopsies of these masses demonstrated chronic inflammation, lymphocytic predominance, fat necrosis and a fibro-inflammatory process. Methods: All four patients commenced on treatment protocols initially consisting of prednisone 20 mg/day for 3 months and 0.6 mg colchicine twice daily, followed by taper. Due to ongoing steroid requirements, two patients were treated with enteric coated budesonide (Entocort) 6 mg daily and continued prednisone followed by leflunomide (Arava) 20 mg daily for a total of six months. Results: Improvement of symptoms and lowering of doses of prednisone followed. One of these patients also received naltrexone 4.5 mg daily for eight months after discontinuation of leflunomide. Treatments resulted in complete normalization in CRP levels in 3 of 4 patients. Both patients receiving leflunomide continue with nonspecific symptoms including periodic nausea, bloating and fatigue despite resolution of the mass on CT. Conclusion: A review of individual case reports in the medical literature reveals a total of four patients with MP that with resolution of their mesenteric mass. This is the first case series describing this phenomenon. Novel therapy with leflunomide and Entocort may produce remission in some patients with MP.