gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erratum to Quantitative MRI analysis of menisci using biexponential T2* fitting with a variable echo time sequence (Magn Reson Med 71:1015–1023) (2014)

In the article by Juras et al., (Quantitative MRI analysis of menisci using biexponential T2* fitting with a variable echo time sequence, Magn Reson Med 71:1015–1023), accidentally the T2/T2* was mistyped several times through the article as T1/T1* The corrected sentences are below:
Estimation of cardiac output from peripheral pressure waveforms using Laguerre model blind system identification (2005)

We have developed a new technique, which may enable a more accurate, complete characterization of the circulatory system, including local or global hydrodynamic phenomena, using multiple measurements from several anatomic locations and/or multiple modalities. This technique, Laguerre model blind system identification (LMBSI), uses a Laguerre function series expansion to provide a compact but complete quantitative description of the distinct behavior of two or more circulatory waveforms. LMBSI identifies a set of five parameters per channel plus one common parameter that can be treated as a feature vector and used to predict cardiovascular parameters of interest. Standard statistical techniques can be used to extract information from that compact feature vector. In this paper, multiparameter regression is used to predict cardiac output, using two separate arterial pressure waveforms and the LMBSI algorithm. This serves as a proof-of-principle that two distinct circulatory waveforms, with LMBSI, can be used to characterize the circulatory system. In the future, this technique might be applied to noninvasive circulatory measurements.
A novel role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor S1pr1 in mouse thrombopoiesis (2012)

Billions of anucleated platelets circulate in mammalian blood to prevent blood loss in case of tissue injury.The lifespan of platelets is short (4-6 d in mice and 5-9 d in humans; Leeksma and Cohen, 1955;Robinson et al., 2000); as a consequence, several million platelets have to be produced every hour to maintain their physiological blood counts and to avoid the risk of bleeding.In mammals, platelets are generated in BM from megakaryocytes (MKs), polyploid, terminally differentiated myeloid cells with a typical morphology and diameters of up to 100 µm.The production of platelets from MKs involves several sequential developmental and maturation steps.MKs develop from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which give rise to an increasingly restricted lineage culminating in the formation of megakaryocytic precursors that generate MKs.During their differentiation and maturation, MKs localize to
Elemental and Isotopic Planetary Surface Analysis at Stand-off Distances Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Laser-Induced Plasma Ion Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Introduction. Planetary analyses have traditionally relied on both remote and in-situ observations. Although remote observations from orbiting spacecraft provide spatially wide coverage, they do not, by themselves, provide sufficient information to understand geologic processes. On the other hand, rover-based in-situ analyses can provide detailed geological information but can be time-consuming and limited in scope. The optimum configuration for detailed analysis with wide spatial coverage may be a stand-off technique.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of π‐Extended Carbazole‐Based Systems and their Application as Organic Semiconductors (2021)

Abstract Herein we describe a gold‐catalyzed bidirectional synthesis of N ‐heteropolycyclic compounds bearing carbazole moieties – namely π‐extended benzodicarbazoles and π‐extended indolocarbazoles. Overall, four previously unknown core structures were synthesized. This approach is convergent, modular and the gold‐catalyzed key step comprises of a cascade reaction starting from stable di‐azido compounds. The obtained molecules were fully characterized and their optical and electronic properties as well as their performance in organic thin‐film transistors generated by vacuum deposition were studied. Charge‐carrier mobilities of up to 0.3 cm 2 /Vs were measured. magnified image
Security Embedding Codes (2011)

This paper considers the problem of simultaneously communicating two messages, a high-security message and a low-security message, to a legitimate receiver, referred to as the security embedding problem. An information-theoretic formulation of the problem is presented. A coding scheme that combines rate splitting, superposition coding, nested binning and channel prefixing is considered and is shown to achieve the secrecy capacity region of the channel in several scenarios. Specifying these results to both scalar and independent parallel Gaussian channels (under an average individual per-subchannel power constraint), it is shown that the high-security message can be embedded into the low-security message at full rate (as if the low-security message does not exist) without incurring any loss on the overall rate of communication (as if both messages are low-security messages). Extensions to the wiretap channel II setting of Ozarow and Wyner are also considered, where it is shown that "perfect" security embedding can be achieved by an encoder that uses a two-level coset code.
Reaction analysis of the formation of CIS at temperatures from 250 to 400/spl deg/C (1996)

A chemical reaction analysis of the selenization of copper indium layers to form copper indium diselenide is presented. Time progressive selenizations were carried out in a tubular laminar flow reactor in a dilute H/sub 2/Se atmosphere at 250, 325 and 400/spl deg/C. The reacted films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The chemical species present in the reacted films were identified and a reaction network for film formation is proposed. The data from time progressive selenizations were analyzed to obtain species concentration profiles. Rate expressions were postulated and a mathematical model for the selenization was developed. The behavior of the model is compared with the experimentally determined species concentrations to obtain specific reaction rate constants at each temperature and the activation energies. This information is needed for the design and process control of commercial scale selenization reactors.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Identifies a Pool of Human Cardiac Stem Cells With Superior Therapeutic Potential for Myocardial Regeneration (2011)

hCSCs expressing only IGF-1R synthesize both IGF-1 and IGF-2, which are potent modulators of stem cell replication, commitment to the myocyte lineage, and myocyte differentiation, which points to this hCSC subset as the ideal candidate cell for the management of human heart failure.
ON THE ARRANGEMENTS OF THE MICRO-CRYSTALS IN LEAD DEPOSITED BY ELECTROLYSIS (1935)

Abstract The arrangements of the micro-crystals in electrolytic specimens deposited from acetic acid solutions, were examined with X-rays, by the so-called “transmission method”. From the diffraction patterns obtained, it was confirmed on the one hand, that the micro-crystals of lead have a tendency to be electrolytically deposited in a fibrous way, with one of the normals to their (211) faces arranged parallel to a definite common direction, as was the case in the experiments of Frölich, Clark, and Aborn. On the other hand, the direction of the growth of deposited lead, was found to coincide roughly with any one of the [211] axes, which make an angle 0°, 33° 34′, 48° 12′, and 80° 24′ respectively with the common axis of the micro-crystals.
Methods of immobilisation of biomolecules on a silicon based transducer (1992)

Feasibility of a capacitive biosensor, consisting on an antibody layer fixed onto the top oxide layer of an heterostructure EIS (electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor), has been studied onto silicon substrates. For such a biosensor the sensitive layer containing the active species must act as an electrically blocking capacitor. Antibodies (anti-afœtoprotein) have been grafted onto silica through three different spacing reagents: aminosilanes, diols, heteropolysiloxane membranes. The more interesting results have been obtained with polysiloxane membranes but these last not allow direct detection of the antibody-antigen interaction.
Applicability of Compounded Mesh Pattern to Three-Dimensional Interface Problems(Modeling & Simulation) (2001)

The purpose of this paper is to study the possibility of compounded mesh pattern for evaluating the singularities in three-dimensional dissimilar materials. Because of the plural singularities in those materials, it is generally not easy to make a mesh pattern that can correspond to all of the singularities. To solve this problem, it is tried to use a compounded mesh pattern of two different mesh patterns. One is for one singularity and the other for the other singularity. The displacements for each mesh pattern are superposed. The formulation corresponding to finite element method is given based on the principle of virtual work and the applicability of the method is studied through numerical examples.
Length of encapsidated cargo impacts stability and structure ofin vitroassembled alphavirus core-like particles (2017)

In vitro assembly of alphavirus nucleocapsid cores, called core-like particles (CLPs), requires a polyanionic cargo. There are no sequence or structure requirements to encapsidate single-stranded nucleic acid cargo. In this work, we wanted to determine how the length of the cargo impacts the stability and structure of the assembled CLPs. We hypothesized that cargo neutralizes the basic region of the alphavirus capsid protein and if the cargo is long enough, it will also act to scaffold the CP monomers together. Experimentally we found that CLPs encapsidating short 27mer oligonucleotides were less stable than CLPs encapsidating 48mer or 90mer oligonucleotides under different chemical and thermal conditions. Furthermore, cryo-EM studies showed there were structural differences between CLPs assembled with 27mer and 48mer cargo. To mimic the role of the cargo in CLP assembly we made a mutant (4D) where we substituted a cluster of four Lys residues in the CP with four Asp residues. We found that these few amino acid substitutions were enough to initiate CLP assembly in the absence of cargo. The cargo-free 4D CLPs show higher resistance to ionic strength and increased temperature compared to wild-type cargo containing CLPs suggesting their CLP assembly mechanism might also be different.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Homoallylboronates (2011)

In Gegenwart luftstabiler Kupfersalze und eines einfachen chiralen Amins als Cokatalysator reagieren Bis(pinacolato)dibor, Enale und 2-(Triphenylphosphoranyliden)acetate in einer Sequenz aus katalytischer asymmetrischer konjugierter Boranaddition und Wittig-Reaktion hoch enantioselektiv zu Homoallylboronsäureestern (siehe Schema). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Biparatopic Antibody That Modulates MET Trafficking Exhibits Enhanced Efficacy Compared with Parental Antibodies in MET-Driven Tumor Models (2019)

Our results provide strong support for the notion that biparatopic antibodies are a promising therapeutic modality, potentially having greater efficacy than that predicted from the properties of the parental antibodies.
Figure S6 from A Comparative Study of Neuroendocrine Heterogeneity in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Examples of different and similar compound sensitivity dynamic ranges in SCLC and NBL.&lt;/p&gt;
Preparing Water Utilities for the Future of Energy Management (2022)

Key Takeaways In an interview, members of AWWA's Energy Management Committee share how water utilities can prepare for the future. Adding to its considerable guidance on the topic, AWWA is preparing a new Manual of Practice, M83, Energy Management of Pumping and Treatment Processes. Embracing flexible electric loads and digital technologies, while continuing to address pumping inefficiencies, will help water utilities thrive in a resource‐constrained and energy‐strained future.
256 x 1 and 256 x 40 pixel bolometer arrays for space and industrial applications (1998)

Three types of uncooled IR bolometric detector arrays equipped with 256 X 1 and 256 X 40 VO<SUB>2</SUB> thermistor pixels and on-chip readout electronics are presented. These reconfigurable arrays consist of 50 micrometer X 50 micrometer pixels and CMOS readout electronics that can be operated either in random access mode or in self-scanning mode. Depending on the operational conditions, the NETD of the arrays can be as low as 20 mK.
Intravitreal Fluocinolone Acetonide May Decelerate Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration (2019)

This retrospective study suggests that FAc may decelerate the rate of inner retinal thinning in patients with persistent DME. Further prospective studies are necessary to determine the effects of FAc on the rate of DRN in patients with DME.
Scene text detection suitable for parallelizing on multi-core (2009)

Text recognition in natural color images is not successful with the nai¿ve application of general OCR (optical character recognition) because the numerous visual environments and luminance in the real world scene. This problem can be solved by adopting various brightness/contrast adjustments and texture analysis to create a binary image very similar to printed text. But such a solution can have a shortcoming; increased execution time. We propose an English text detection method that parallelizes processing jobs to utilize a multi-core processor effectively in order to improve text recognition accuracy and minimize execution time overhead.
Effect of the Anti-TNF Agents, Adalimumab, Etanercept, Infliximab, and Certolizumab PEGOL (CDP870) on the Induction of Apoptosis in Activated Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Monocytes (2005)

Purpose: There are contradictory data in the literature regarding the effect of anti-TNF agents on the apoptosis of leukocytes. This is the first study to compare the effect of the anti-TNF agents etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol on the induction of apoptosis directly in vitro in normal activated lymphocytes and monocytes. Methods: Leukocytes were stained in whole blood with the directly fluoresceinated anti-TNF reagents or relevant controls and analyzed by flow cytometry after isotonic lysis of red cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were prepared using density gradient centrifugation. Lymphocytes were then isolated from this population by negative selection and monocytes by positive selection using MACS beads. Lymphocytes were cultured with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 for 24 hours and the monocytes with IL-4 and GMCSF. The effect of the anti-TNF agents on apoptosis of these cells over this period was determined by Annexin V binding using flow cytometry. Results: All four anti-TNF agents bound to peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and a subset of lymphocytes in comparison with negative control reagents. Infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept were equally potent at causing apoptosis of the activated monocytes and lymphocytes in this system. Certolizumab pegol did not mediate apoptosis of any cells above the level of the negative control. Conclusions: This study confirms the data in the literature regarding the induction of apoptosis of activated monocytes and lymphocytes in vitro by infliximab and adalimumab. However in our system, etanercept was found to mediate mononuclear cell apoptosis in a similar manner to infliximab and adalimumab, which contradicts other published reports. Therefore, our study indicates that the exact conditions used for in vitro experiments may significantly affect the results obtained. These data also raise the possibility that the lack of efficacy seen with etanercept in Crohn's disease is not owing to an inability to cause apoptosis. Certolizumab pegol is the only anti-TNF agent that, under the conditions tested, does not kill leukocytes in vitro by apoptosis.
Compliance of 400ZR+ Interfaces with Legacy Fixed Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers in Metro WDM Networks (2021)

We investigate the tolerance of the 400ZR+ elastic transponders to optical filtering in WDM metropolitan network equipped with 100 GHz-spaced fixed optical add/drop multiplexers initially designed for channels slower than 35 GBaud.
Synthesis of New Nucleosides by coupling of chloropurines with 2‐ and 3‐deoxy derivatives of N‐methyl‐D‐ribofuranuronamide (1998)

Abstract The synthesis of new deoxyribose nucleosides by coupling chloropurines with modified D ‐ribose derivatives is reported. The methyl 2‐deoxy‐ N ‐methyl‐3‐ O ‐( p ‐toluoyl)‐α‐ D ‐ribofuranosiduronamide (α‐ D ‐ 8 ) and the corresponding anomer β‐ D ‐ 8 were synthesized starting from the commercially available 2‐deoxy‐ D ‐ribose ( 1 ) ( Scheme 1 ). Reaction of α‐ D ‐ 8 with the silylated derivative of 2,6‐dichloro‐9 H ‐purine ( 9 ) afforded regioselectively the N 9 ‐(2′‐deoxyribonucleoside) 10 as anomeric mixture ( Scheme 2 ), whereas β‐ D ‐ 8 did not react. Glycosylation of 9 or of 6‐chloro‐9 H ‐purine ( 17 ) with 1,2‐di‐ O ‐acetyl‐3‐deoxy‐ N ‐methyl‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranuronamide ( 13 ) yielded only the protected β‐ D ‐anomers 14 and 18 , respectively ( Scheme 3 ). Subsequent deacetylation and dechlorination afforded the desired nucleosides β‐ D ‐ 11 , β‐ D ‐ 12,15 , and 16 . The 3′‐deoxy‐2‐chloroadenosine derivative 15 showed the highest affinity and selectivity for adenotin binding site vs. A 1 and A 2A adenosine receptor subtypes.
Signalling and adhesive properties of the integrin leucocyte function-associated antigen I (LFA-I) (1997)

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Bbs1 gene is required for wound healing (216.5) (2014)

Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive disorder associated with several features including obesity, polydactyly, retinal degeneration, hypogenitalism, leaning difficulty and renal dysfunction. Mice bearing an M390R mutation in Bbs1 gene (which a common mutation in human BBS) recapitulates many BBS phenotypes including obesity and hypogenitalism. However, the role and contribution of Bbs1 gene to cell migration and tissue repair remains unclear. Using wound healing assays, we found that cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Bbs1 M390R knock‐in mice have severely compromised migratory ability compared to the MEF derived from wild type mice. Activation of AKT by platelet‐derived growth factor‐AA (PDGF‐AA) was also markedly reduced in Bbs1 M390R MEF, suggesting that decreased PDGFRα signaling contributes to the migratory defects. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis with acetylated α‐tubulin showed that both wt and BBS1‐Ki MEFs form primary cilia. The primary cilia were oriented towards the leading edge of the wound in wt MEFs. In marked contrast, primary cilia of BBs‐KI MEFs appeared randomly positioned and lacked an axis of orientation towards the edge of the wound. Furthermore, in vivo wound healing assays showed defects in Bbs1 M390R knock‐in mouse compared to control littermates. These findings demonstrate that the Bbs1 gene is required for migration and tissue repairs. Grant Funding Source : NIH and AHA
Properties of Cast Films from Pickle Fermentation Brine Protein (1998)

A proteinaceous fibrous material formed during commercial fermentation of cucumbers was used for manufacturing films. The effects of pH and heat treatments on tensile strength (TS), puncture strength (PS), water vapor permeability (WVP), protein solubility in water, and color of pickle fermentation brine protein (PFBP) cast films were determined. Nine types of films at three different pH values (7.0, 9.0, and 11.0) and three different heat treatments (no heat, heated at 70 and 90 °C for 30 min) were prepared by casting 5% (w/w) PFBP aqueous solution, containing 2.25% (w/w) glycerol, onto polystyrene plates and overnight drying at room temperature. The TS of pH 7.0 films was higher than the TS of pH 9.0 and 11.0 films (P < 0.05). The highest PS was observed with pH 7.0 films prepared from PFBP solution heated at 70 °C (P < 0.05). Alkaline pH and temperature caused a decrease in both TS and PS of the films. Film thickness ranged from 58 to 74 μm. WVP values of films decreased with increasing pH and temperature. No heat/pH 7.0 films had the greatest WVP. Protein solubility of films in water increased with increasing pH and temperature. Keywords: Pickle protein exudate; protein film; tensile strength; water vapor permeability; protein solubility
Differential regulation of glutathione S-transferases in cultured hepatocytes (1989)

Specific cDNA probes were used to determine steady-state mRNA levels for the multiple glutathione S-transferases in primary hepatocyte cultures. In the first 24 hr of culture, gene transcripts for the Ya family decreased sharply, Yb3 disappeared completely, but changes in levels of mRNA for Yb1 and Yb2 were smaller. These results suggest that the isoenzymes are regulated independently. Yp mRNA, which is present at greatly elevated levels in hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas but not in normal adult livers, was hardly detectable in freshly isolated hepatocytes, but Yp transcripts rapidly accumulated in the first 24 hr in culture and continued to increase for 72 hr. Decreased levels in Ya and Yc and increases in Yp were detected by immunoblotting methods, indicating that translation products changed together with mRNA levels in the cultured cells. The appearance of Yp transcripts in hepatocytes was effectively blocked by addition of dexamethasone to the culture medium. Elevations of Yp levels are characteristic of the cell culture system and factors regulating Yp transcription in nodules and carcinomas may also be operative in cultured hepatocytes.
Capacitance scaling law for diatomic molecules and prediction of their electron detachment energies (2010)

The variation or ``scaling'' of the quantum capacitances is explored for 45 diatomic molecules as a function of their dimensions. Scaling trends in the capacitances of these diatomic molecules dictate an ``atoms-in-molecules'' view of their valence energetics. That is, experimentally derived quantum capacitances for both homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules scale linearly with the average of the mean radii for the outermost orbitals of their component atoms. This is in accord with Maxwell's law for classical capacitors formed from two conducting atom-sized spheres in tangential contact. However, the scaling behavior for the molecules has some nonclassical features. Notably, the quantum capacitances extrapolate to nonzero values at zero dimensions. Radius-capacitance points of the homonuclear diatomics lie primarily along five scaling lines, with each determined by points for molecules composed of atoms with the same atomic symmetry (i.e., atoms from the same column in the periodic table). Five scaling lines for heteronuclear diatomics each are determined by points for molecules of the same or similar molecular symmetries. The molecules' quantum capacitances are calculated from their ionization potentials (IPs) and electron affinities (EAs). Thus, equations or laws for the scaling lines impose mutual consistency conditions among these electron detachment energies for different diatomics of similar symmetries. By taking advantage of this, the linear quantum capacitance scaling laws and ab initio atomic mean radii are used to predict IPs for two diatomics with known EAs (Ga${}_{2}$ and SeO), but for which there is no standard value of the IP. Similarly, the laws are used to predict EAs that were unknown or uncertain for several diatomics (Li${}_{2}$, LiF, CSe, PN, BF, BCl, SiO, GeO, NCl, CaO, SrO, and BaO) with known IPs.