gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-State Microstructure of Poly(l-lactide) and l-Lactide/meso-Lactide Random Copolymers by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (2003)

Tapping mode atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the lamellar morphology of poly(l-lactide) and two poly(l-lactide-co-meso-lactide) random copolymers containing 3% and 6% meso-lactide. Samples were isothermally crystallized at selected temperatures, and qualitative and quantitative analyses of lamellar structure were performed using height and phase images. This is the first study of the morphology of polylactide stereocopolymers using a real-space probe, and the important effects of scanning parameters on the acquired images are described. More open spherulites with an abundance of screw dislocations between edge-on lamellar stacks were observed in samples crystallized at higher temperatures. Mean lamellar thicknesses are lower for the random copolymers compared to PLLA, particularly at lower DeltaT, in agreement with the results of our previous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Mean lamellar thicknesses derived from the current real-space examination are in good agreement with those determined previously from SAXS. Internal surfaces-from microtomed specimens-were also studied to investigate the bulk crystal morphology. Although quantitative analysis was not feasible (for reasons discussed in the text), lamellar organization similar to that seen in the surface experiments is observed at high magnifications.
How freeform optics induced optical aberrations matter (2017)

Aberration theory and optical design walk hand-in-hand, whether the design is human or computer driven. We shall take a peek at the aberrations of freeform optics and their impact on design strategies – is the past obsolete?
Combining near-infrared tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to study in vivo breast tissue: implementation of a Laplacian-type regularization to incorporate magnetic resonance structure (2005)

An imaging system that simultaneously performs near infrared (NIR) tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to study breast tissue phantoms and a healthy woman in vivo. An NIR image reconstruction that exploits the combined data set is presented that implements the MR structure as a soft-constraint in the NIR property estimation. The algorithm incorporates the MR spatially segmented regions into a regularization matrix that links locations with similar MR properties, and applies a Laplacian-type filter to minimize variation within each region. When prior knowledge of the structure of phantoms is used to guide NIR property estimation, root mean square (rms) image error decreases from 26 to 58%. For a representative in vivo case, images of hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, water fraction, scattering power, and scattering amplitude are derived and the properties of adipose and fibroglandular breast tissue types, identified from MRI, are quantified. Fibroglandular tissue is observed to have more than four times as much water content as adipose tissue, almost twice as much blood volume, and slightly reduced oxygen saturation. This approach is expected to improve recovery of abnormalities within the breast, as the inclusion of structural information increases the accuracy of recovery of embedded heterogeneities, at least in phantom studies.
Whole exome and targeted deep sequencing identify genome-wide allelic loss and frequentSETDB1mutations in malignant pleural mesotheliomas (2016)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, is mainly caused by exposure to asbestos or other organic fibers, but the underlying genetic mechanism is not fully understood. Genetic alterations and causes for multiple primary cancer development including MPM are unknown. We used whole exome sequencing to identify somatic mutations in a patient with MPM and two additional primary cancers who had no evidence of venous, arterial, lymphovascular, or perineural invasion indicating dissemination of a primary lung cancer to the pleura. We found that the MPM had R282W, a key TP53 mutation, and genome-wide allelic loss or loss of heterozygosity, a distinct genomic alteration not previously described in MPM. We identified frequent inactivating SETDB1 mutations in this patient and in 68 additional MPM patients (mutation frequency: 10%, 7/69) by targeted deep sequencing. Our observations suggest the possibility of a new genetic mechanism in the development of either MPM or multiple primary cancers. The frequent SETDB1 inactivating mutations suggest there could be new diagnostic or therapeutic options for MPM.
Empirical Path Loss Models for Wireless Sensor Network Deployments in Short and Tall Natural Grass Environments (2016)

Extensive research has not been done on propagation modeling for natural short- and tall-grassy environments for the purpose of wireless sensor deployment. This study is essential for efficiently deploying wireless sensors in different applications such as tracking the grazing habits of cows on the grass or monitoring sporting activities. This study proposes empirical path loss models for wireless sensor deployments in grassy environments. The proposed models are compared with the theoretical models to demonstrate their inaccuracy in predicting the path loss between sensor nodes deployed in natural grassy environments. The results show that the theoretical model values deviate from the proposed model values by 12%-42%. In addition, the results of the proposed models are compared with those of the experimental results obtained from similar natural grassy terrains at different locations resulting in similar outcomes. Finally, the results of the proposed models are compared with those of the previous studies and other terrain models such as those in dense tree environments. These comparisons show that there is a significant difference in path loss and empirical model parameters. The proposed models as well as the measured data can be used for efficient planning and future deployments of wireless sensor networks in similar grass terrains.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Relationship of Blinatumomab in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2018)

B-lymphocyte depletion following blinatumomab infusion was exposure-dependent. Transient cytokine elevation increased with dose; it was less pronounced at low starting doses. Tumor response was a function of exposure, suggesting utility for the PK/PD relationship in dose selection for future studies, including NHL and other malignant settings.
Front Matter: Volume 6807 (2007)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE-IS&T Proceedings Volume 6807, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
A Decoupled Control Scheme of Four-Port Solid State Transformer (2019)

In this study, a four-port solid-state transformer (SST) with decoupled control scheme to control the power flow and the output voltage is proposed. The proposed decoupled control scheme controls all of the four ports' powers independently. In addition, the design of the four-port transformer including core material selection and winding placement is investigated. The designed transformer is modeled in ANSYS-Maxwell and also co-simulated with ANSYS-Simplorer. The operating frequency of the system is designed for 100 kHz; therefore, a very compact size is obtained for the entire multi-port converter. The performance of the proposed system is validated throughout MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental studies carried out for a 10kW/port SST prototype. The obtained results show that the four-port SST provides an interface for four-different power supplies or loads. It is seen that the proposed decoupled control scheme can control the output voltage at the desired value and track the reference power signals for each port. It provides as well a good steady state and dynamic performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Catalyzed Baeyer‐Villiger Reactions. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Process Control (2009)

No AccessPlastics Manufacturing Systems EngineeringJun 2009Process ControlDavid O. KazmerDavid O. Kazmerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446430143.010SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2009Pages: 289-319Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42014-4eISBN: 978-3-446-43014-3 Copyright & Permissions© 2009 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Reduced Fresnel losses in chalcogenide fibers obtained through fiber-end microstructuring (2010)

We demonstrate microstructuring of chalcogenide fiber facets in order to obtain enhanced transmission due to the antireflective properties of the microstructured surfaces. A variety of molding approaches have been investigated for As(2)S(3) and As(3)Se(3) fibers. Transmission as high as 97% per facet was obtained in the case of As(2)S(3) fiber, compared to the native, Fresnel-loss limited, transmission of 83%.
Characteristics of refined lymphocyte subsets changes in people living with HIV/AIDS during antiretroviral therapy period: An observation from Wuhan, China (2023)

Persistent ART can gradually improve the immune status of PLWHA, which is manifested in the increase of lymphocytes, function recovery of lymphocytes and reduction of aberrant activation status of the immune system. After 10 years of standardized ART, most lymphocytes could return to levels of healthy persons, although it may take longer to complete recovery for CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> ratio and CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>HLA<sup>-</sup>DR<sup>+</sup> cells.
Remission of Severe Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome after Short-term Treatment during Sleep with Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 1– 3 (1983)

Two patients with the Pickwickian syndrome and with life-threatening sleep hypoxemia were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied through the nares only during sleep periods. Each patient presented with severe daytime somnolence, disturbed sleep, nocturnal confusion, and daytime awake cardiorespiratory failure (PaCO2, 63 and 55 mmHg). Both patients demonstrated grossly abnormal breathing during sleep with severe sleep hypoxemia, the arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2%) falling repetitively to levels below 50%. One patient had a hypoxemic convulsion during the initial sleep evaluation. Low levels (3.5 and 8.0 cm H2O) of continuous positive airway pressure, when applied via a comfortable nose mask, prevented occlusive apnea and obstructive hypopnea during sleep in both patients and maintained steady levels of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation. There was rapid recovery of mental function and loss of cardiorespiratory failure within 3 days of treatment. After short-term treatment with nocturnal CPAP therapy (23 days and 35 days) both patients were able to sleep, unaided, without sleep-induced upper airway occlusion with arterial oxyhemoglobin levels sustained above 80%. We conclude that nasal CPAP therapy during sleep is an effective noninvasive therapy for patients with the Pickwickian syndrome, and may lead to a stable remission of the underlying severe disordered breathing in sleep.
Synchronizing chaotic maps using an arbitrary scalar signal (2005)

A method we call the slide-and-match algorithm is presented whereby any transmitter-receiver pair of identical, chaotic maps may be synchronized using almost any scalar function of the driving transmitter state, transmitted to the receiver as the synchronizing signal. No prior investigation of either the map or the signal generating function is required. In order to illustrate the concepts, numerical simulations of applications are presented.
Diagnostic Capability of Three-Dimensional Macular Parameters for Glaucoma Using Optical Coherence Tomography Volume Scans (2018)

The diagnostic performance of best macular parameters (GCC-volume-34 and GCC-thickness-34) were similar to or better than 2D RNFL thickness. Manual correction of artifacts with data interpolation is unnecessary in the clinical setting.
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Extract Prevents Bone Loss by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis in Vitro and in Vivo (2014)

Osteoclasts play a critical role in bone resorbing disorders such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, discovery of agents capable of suppressing osteoclast differentiation may aid the development of a therapeutic access for the treatment of pathological bone loss. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata has been used as herbal folk medicine to treat liver diseases and inflammation in Asia. However, its effects on osteoclast differentiation are unknown. We were aimed to investigate the anti-osteoclastogenic activity in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract (ABE). In this study, ABE inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, the formation of filamentous actin rings and the bone resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. ABE inhibited RANKL-induced p38 and IκB phosphorylation and IκB degradation. Also, ABE suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and c-Fos, and the mRNA expression of genes required for cell fusion and bone resorption, such as osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K, dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), β3-integrin and osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP). Furthermore, results of micro-CT and histologic analysis indicated that ABE remarkably prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone erosion. These results demonstrate that ABE prevents LPS-induced bone erosion through inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and function, suggesting the promise of ABE as a potential cure for various osteoclast-associated bone diseases.
Observations of motional electromagnetic fields during EMSLAB (1989)

The long‐period (&gt;1 day) behavior of the seafloor electromagnetic fields during EMSLAB is considered in detail with an emphasis on interpretation in terms of oceanic motions. The study begins with a summary of the physics of motional electromagnetic induction, in which the seawater conductivity‐weighted, vertically integrated velocity measured by the horizontal electric field is emphasized. Using frequency‐domain methods, it is shown that seafloor and terrestrial magnetic variations have similar spectral shapes, indicating a common origin, but the seafloor electric field is not consistent with either at periods longer than 4 days, suggesting an oceanic source. The magnetic field variations are highly coherent across the EMSLAB array at periods shorter than 9 days, but the similarity decreases at longer periods, probably due to long‐term instrumental drift. The seafloor horizontal electric field data exhibit the broadband coherence characteristic of ionospheric sources only at periods shorter than 1–2 days and are essentially incoherent between 4 days and a week except in association with certain propagating wave phenomena. The distinction between the depth‐averaged velocity inferred from the horizontal electric field and its point measurement by the vertical electric field is demonstrated with data. Some specific properties of the seafloor electric fields are then considered in detail. The first of these is a 4‐day wave observed to propagate from north‐to‐south along the east flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The wavelength, propagation sense, and association with the ridge are all consistent with topographically trapped Rossby wave behavior at a zero in the group velocity. A second north‐to‐south propagating wave is seen at periods of 8–12 days in the middle of the EMSLAB area with a probable wavelength of order 1000 km. Unresolved low‐frequency structures in the electric field are also mentioned. These observations clearly demonstrate the power of electromagnetic array methods for the study of long‐period oceanic behavior.
An Appropriate Magnetic Coupling Co-Efficient for the Design and Comparison of ICPT Pickups (2007)

Coupling factor k is widely used when referring to magnetically coupled circuits such as transformers and induction motors. It is also used in the system-level design of inductively coupled power transfer systems, but for distributed applications it does not provide a useful measure to compare the magnetic performance of different pickup designs. As such, a more appropriate magnetic coupling coefficient, kappa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">phi</sub> , is proposed. It is simple to determine, provides an excellent measure as the magnetic efficiency of a pickup design, and provides a mechanism to decouple the design of the magnetic geometry of a pickup from the rest of the system design. It can be incorporated into traditional lumped-circuit models, providing a specific reference to the system's underpinning magnetic geometry which can often appear invisible in traditional lumped-circuit models
A Service-Oriented Architecture for Interdisciplinary Product Design Workflow Choreography (2007)

Inter-disciplinary collaboration is critical to the success of processes employed in the development of complex products. A Workflow Management System (WMS) formalizes and automates product development process activities at various stages in the product lifecycle. Existing bridges between a WMS and the application systems involved in product development processes focus on intradisciplinary activities and static binding of artifacts to such activities. In this paper, we describe a novel SOA-based approach to bridge the gap between WMS and loosely-integrated domain-specific application systems focused on interdisciplinary process activities and dynamic binding of artifacts to activities. Our approach builds upon service-oriented inter-disciplinary collaboration architecture. Our solution consists of two components: System Data Management (SDM) and a template for integration between a WMS and the SDM. We illustrate our approach using an automotive use case for requirements verification.
Impaired Adipose Tissue Development in Mice With Inactivation of Placental Growth Factor Function (2006)

Placental growth factor (PlGF)-deficient (PlGF-/-) and wild-type mice were kept on a standard-fat or high-fat diet for 15 weeks. With the standard-fat diet, the body weights of PlGF-/- and wild-type mice were comparable, whereas the combined weight of subcutaneous and gonadal adipose tissues was lower in PlGF-/- mice (P = 0.02). With the high-fat diet, PlGF-/- mice had a lower body weight (P < 0.05) and less total subcutaneous plus gonadal adipose tissue (P < 0.0001). Blood vessel size was lower in gonadal adipose tissue of PlGF-/- mice with both the standard-fat and high-fat diet (P < 0.05). Blood vessel density, normalized to adipocyte number, was significantly lower in subcutaneous adipose tissue of PlGF-/- mice fed the high-fat diet (P < 0.01). De novo adipose tissue development in nude mice injected with 3T3-F442A preadipocytes was reduced (P < 0.005) by administration of a PlGF-neutralizing antibody. Bone marrow transplantation from wild-type or PlGF-/- mice to wild-type or PlGF-/- recipient mice revealed significantly lower blood vessel density in PlGF-/- recipient mice without an effect on adipose tissue growth. Thus, in murine models of diet-induced obesity, inactivation of PlGF impairs adipose tissue development, at least in part as a result of reduced angiogenesis.
Highly Optimized DNA Vaccine Targeting Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Stimulates Potent Antitumor Immunity (2013)

High levels of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) are detected in more than 85% of human cancers. Immunologic analysis supports that hTERT is a widely applicable target recognized by T cells and can be potentially studied as a broad cancer immunotherapeutic, or a unique line of defense against tumor recurrence. There remains an urgent need to develop more potent hTERT vaccines. Here, a synthetic highly optimized full-length hTERT DNA vaccine (phTERT) was designed and the induced immunity was examined in mice and non-human primates (NHP). When delivered by electroporation, phTERT elicited strong, broad hTERT-specific CD8 T-cell responses including induction of T cells expressing CD107a, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in mice. The ability of phTERT to overcome tolerance was evaluated in an NHP model, whose TERT is 96% homologous to that of hTERT. Immunized monkeys exhibited robust [average 1,834 spot forming unit (SFU)/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)], diverse (multiple immunodominant epitopes) IFN-γ responses and antigen-specific perforin release (average 332 SFU/10(6) PBMCs), suggesting that phTERT breaks tolerance and induces potent cytotoxic responses in this human-relevant model. Moreover, in an HPV16-associated tumor model, vaccination of phTERT slows tumor growth and improves survival rate in both prophylactic and therapeutic studies. Finally, in vivo cytotoxicity assay confirmed that phTERT-induced CD8 T cells exhibited specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, capable of eliminating hTERT-pulsed target cells. These findings support that this synthetic electroporation-delivered DNA phTERT may have a role as a broad therapeutic cancer vaccine candidate.
Characterization of Eight Endogenous Viral (ev) Genes of Meat Chickens in Semi-Congenic Lines (1995)

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was conducted for a set of eight different meat chicken-derived endogenous viral genes (ev genes) of the avian leukosis viral (ALV) family. Each viral element was first isolated into a separate single-element line by selective breeding. Genomic DNA from the founder male for each semi-congenic, single-element line was digested with each of four restriction enzymes, and the resulting Southern blots were each hybridized with up to four probes representing different portions of the ALV retroviral genome. Among the eight elements, there was one that represents the broiler equivalent of locus ev3 of White Leghorn chickens. A second broiler element showed a SacI-specific junction fragment similar to that of ev8. The remainder appeared to be different from any of the 21 ev genes previously described for White Leghorn chickens. Four of the eight elements examined were essentially complete, but the rest have sustained internal deletions.
Correction: Prevention and Therapy of Preterm Birth. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/025, September 2022) – Part 2 with Recommendations on the Tertiary Prevention of Preterm Birth and on the Management of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/a-2044-0345.].
Propolis suppresses cytokine production in activated basophils and basophil-mediated skin and intestinal allergic inflammation in mice (2020)

Taken together, these results demonstrate the ability of propolis to suppress IgE-dependent basophil activation and basophil-dependent allergic inflammation. Therefore, prophylactic treatment with propolis may be useful for protection against food allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.