gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Dielectric Cavity Antenna - An Alternative to the Choke Ring Antenna (2001)

Antennas for airborne GPS applications would ideally have a radiation pattern which is uniform for elevation angles greater than 5 °, and which has zero gain for angles below. Such an antenna would be immune to radio frequency interference (RFI) originating from below the aircraft, but would still provide coverage for low elevation GPS satellites. Though not ideal, choke ring antennas reject multipath and interference very well. Unfortunately, choke ring antennas cannot be used for airborne applications due to their large size. This paper describes an interesting type of interference resistant antenna which is a variation of the choke ring. It resembles a choke ring antenna,
but instead of a corrugated surface, its ground plane is a single cavity filled with dielectric material. The cavity is sized such that the transverse magnetic field at the surface vanishes, resulting in an artificially soft surface for TM waves. This novel ground plane and
its associated patch antenna source are collectively called the dielectric cavity antenna (DCA). The DCA is analyzed using a 2.5-dimensional finite difference time domain (FD-TD) technique. In this
method, all field components are assumed to obey a cos ¢ or sin ¢ variation, thus obviating the need for a full three-dimensional analysis. The radiating source for the DCA is a nearly-square microstrip patch anterma, which is approximately modeled by a circumferential magnetic line current, obeying a cos ¢ variation.

A prototype DCA has been built and tested. During the fabrication process, the dielectric material used for the prototype DCA became filled with a small amount of trapped air, unexpectedly lowering the effective permittivity of the dielectric. This effect was observed as a deviation from the expected radiation pattern, but was subsequently predicted by the FD-TD algorithm by artificially reducing the permittivity of the cavity. While the prototype DCA exhibits high zenith gain, it attenuates signals near the horizonseverely. When the proper dielectric is used, the performance of the DCA is nearly identical to that of a choke ring antenna. Smaller, airworthy versions of the DCA may be built if suitable, high-permittivity materials are used in the cavity.
Leukemia Developing after 131I Treatment for Thyroid Cancer in a Patient with Werner's Syndrome: Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies. (1995)

A 40-year-old female patient with Werner's syndrome (WS) suffering from thyroid cancer and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is reported. She had been diagnosed as having WS complicated with thyroid cancer seven years previously. Total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (131I, 100 mCi/year) therapy for seven years had slowed the progression of thyroid cancer. She suffered a sudden onset of MDS at the age of 40 years. After six months she died from overt leukemia. We found an additional chromosome aberration of chromosome 10 in the progression of leukemia from MDS.
Efficient Forward Architecture Search (2019)

We propose a neural architecture search (NAS) algorithm, Petridish, to iteratively add shortcut connections to existing network layers. The added shortcut connections effectively perform gradient boosting on the augmented layers. The proposed algorithm is motivated by the feature selection algorithm forward stage-wise linear regression, since we consider NAS as a generalization of feature selection for regression, where NAS selects shortcuts among layers instead of selecting features. In order to reduce the number of trials of possible connection combinations, we train jointly all possible connections at each stage of growth while leveraging feature selection techniques to choose a subset of them. We experimentally show this process to be an efficient forward architecture search algorithm that can find competitive models using few GPU days in both the search space of repeatable network modules (cell-search) and the space of general networks (macro-search). Petridish is particularly well-suited for warm-starting from existing models crucial for lifelong-learning scenarios.
Bovine Venereal Vibriosis: Variations in Immunoglobulin Class of Antibodies in Genital Secretions and Serum (1974)

The immunoglobulin classes of antibodies to Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) were determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test at sequential periods, since the order of class appearance has not been established for specific secretory immune responses. In the local immune response to C. fetus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies appeared first, immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies next, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) last. IgM antibodies were quite transient, but IgG antibodies remained longer, and those of the IgA class persisted until the end of the experimental period (up to 10 months). Since differences appear to exist between immune mechanisms at cervicovaginal and uterine sites, as well as between immune responses induced by local and systemic immunizations, the immunoglobulin classes of antibodies in uterine secretions were compared with the classes in CVM and serum. Uterine antibodies arose coincidently with uterine lesions in heifers slaughtered after short periods of infection. In convalescent animals only IgA antibodies were found in CVM, whereas the predominant class of antibodies in the uterine secretions was IgG 1 in three of four animals studied. Only IgG antibodies were detected in CVM and uterine secretions of systemically immunized animals. These findings could account for faster clearance of C. fetus from the uterus than from the cervicovaginal area in locally infected animals and for failure of colonization in systemically immunized animals, because IgG antibodies are good opsonins and IgA antibodies are not. IgA antibodies do immobilize C. fetus , however, so they could prevent recolonization of the uterus in cervicovaginal carriers.
Electron Transfer in Proteins (1996)

Electron-transfer (ET) reactions are key steps in a diverse array of biological transformations ranging from photosynthesis to aerobic respiration. A powerful theoretical formalism has been developed that describes ET rates in terms of two parameters: the nuclear reorganization energy (γ) and the electroniccoupling strength (HAB). Studies of ET reactions in ruthenium-modified proteins have probed γ and HAB in several metalloproteins (cytochrome c, myoglobin, azurin). This work has shown that protein reorganization energies are sensitive to the medium surrounding the redox sites and that an aqueous environment, in particular, leads to large reorganization energies. Analyses of electronic-coupling strengths suggest that the efficiency of long-range ET depends on the protein secondary structure: β sheets appear to mediate coupling more efficiently than α-helical structures, and hydrogen bonds play a critical role in both.
Supplementary Figure 6 from CD4<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Help in the Tumor Milieu Is Required for Recruitment and Cytolytic Function of CD8<sup>+</sup> T Lymphocytes (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-Cell Help in the Tumor Milieu Is Required for Recruitment and Cytolytic Function of CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T Lymphocytes
Chemotherapeutische Studien an menschlichen Tumortransplantaten in der Hamsterbackentasche (1967)

Die Austestung potentiell wirksamer cytostatischer Substanzen stützt sich ganz überwiegend auf Tiertumoren. Eine sinnvolle Erweiterung derartiger Testsysteme stellt die Anwendung menschlicher Tumoren dar, die heterolog transplantiert werden können. Entsprechende Tumoren sind von verschiedenen Forschergruppen in den USA (7, 9, 10 u. a.) als auch neuerdings von unserer eigenen Arbeitsgruppe in Erlangen (2, 5) beschrieben worden.
Impact of the Connection Admission Process on the Direct Retry Load Balancing Algorithm in Cellular Networks (2012)

We present an analytical framework for modeling a priority-based load balancing scheme in cellular networks based on a new algorithm called direct retry with truncated offloading channel resource pool (DR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sub> ). The model, developed for a baseline case of two cell network, differs in many respects from previous works on load balancing. Foremost, it incorporates the call admission process, through random access. In specific, the proposed model implements the Physical Random Access Channel used in 3GPP network standards. Furthermore, the proposed model allows the differentiation of users based on their priorities. The quantitative results illustrate that, for example, cellular network operators can control the manner in which traffic is offloaded between neighboring cells by simply adjusting the length of the random access phase. Our analysis also allows for the quantitative determination of the blocking probability individual users will experience given a specific length of random access phase. Furthermore, we observe that the improvement in blocking probability per shared channel for load balanced users using (DR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sub> ) is maximized at an intermediate number of shared channels, as opposed to the maximum number of these shared resources. This occurs because a balance is achieved between the number of users requesting connections and those that are already admitted to the network. We also present an extension of our analytical model to a multicell network (by means of an approximation) and an application of the proposed load balancing scheme in the context of opportunistic spectrum access.
Effect of a Lithocholic Acid Derivative on the Molecular Packing and Stability of Phospholipid Vesicles (1994)

Abstract A lithocholic acid derivative having high compatibility with phospholipid was synthesized and incorporated to the phospholipid bilayer membrane. A significant influence of it on the molecular packing and the stability enhancement of the vesicle suspension were clarified by a fluorescence depolarization method and a turbidity measurement, respectively.
Lipooligosaccharide P k (Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc) Epitope of Moraxella catarrhalis Is a Factor in Resistance to Bactericidal Activity Mediated by Normal Human Serum (2000)

Moraxella catarrhalis is a respiratory pathogen responsible for acute bacterial otitis media in children and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in adults. M. catarrhalis strains are frequently resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. In order to determine if the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of M. catarrhalis has a role in serum resistance, the UDP-glucose-4-epimerase (galE) gene was identified, cloned, and sequenced and a deletion/insertion mutation was introduced into M. catarrhalis strain 2951. GalE enzymatic activity, measured in whole-cell lysates, was ablated in M. catarrhalis 2951 galE. Mass spectrometric analysis of LOS isolated with hot phenol-water confirmed that strain 2951 produced a type A LOS. These studies showed that the LOS from 2951 galE had lost two hexose residues due to the galE mutation and that the resultant LOS structure lacked the (Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-4Glc) P(k) epitope found on M. catarrhalis 2951. Wild-type M. catarrhalis 2951 is resistant to complement-mediated serum bactericidal activity. In contrast, a greater than 2-log(10)-unit reduction in CFU occurred after incubation of 2951 galE in either 50 or 25% pooled human serum (PNHS), and CFU in 10% PNHS decreased by about 1 log(10) unit. These studies suggest that the P(k) epitope of the LOS may be an important factor in the resistance of M. catarrhalis to the complement-mediated bactericidal effect of normal human serum.
Microencapsulation of silicon cavities using a pulsed excimer laser (2012)

This work presents a novel low thermal-budget technique for sealing micromachined cavities in silicon. Cavities are sealed without deposition, similar to the silicon surface-migration sealing process. In contrast to the 1100°C furnace anneal required for the migration process, the proposed technique uses short excimer laser pulses (24ns), focused onto an area of 23mm 2, to locally heat the top few microns of the substrate, while the bulk substrate remains near ambient temperature. The treatment can be applied to selected regions of the substrate, without the need for special surface treatments or a controlled environment. This work investigates the effect of varying the laser pulse energy from 400 mJ cm 2to 800 mJ cm 2, the pulse rate from 1Hz to 50Hz and the pulse count from 200 to 3000 pulses on sealing microfabricated cavities in silicon. An analytical model for the effect of holes on the surface temperature distribution is derived, which shows that much higher temperatures can be achieved by increasing the hole density. A mechanism for sealing the cavities is proposed, which indicates how complete sealing is feasible. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.
New biomaterials by carbocationic processes (1994)

Abstract Well‐defined macromolecular composites have been prepared by living carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene in combination with other conventional techniques. The products were designed for biomedical uses as 1) intervertebral disc replacement, 2) improved impact‐ and fatigue‐ resistant bone cements, 3) delayed drug release reservoirs, and 4) small diameter nonthrombogenic vascular grafts. The syntheses are out‐lined, and the novelty, main characteristics and properties of these unique materials are summarized. The era of designed biomaterials is upon us.
Beyond spectral gap (extended): The role of the topology in decentralized learning (2023)

Extended version of the other paper (with the same name), that includes (among other things) theory for the heterogeneous case. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2206.03093
New PSMA-Targeting Ligands: Transformation from Diagnosis (Ga-68) to Radionuclide Therapy (Lu-177) (2022)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for the diagnosis and radionuclide therapy of prostate cancer. This study reports conversion of a previously reported <sup>68</sup>Ga-imaging agent, [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-P16-093, to a Lu-177 radionuclide therapeutic agent. Substitution of the HBED-CC metal chelating group with DOTA(GA)<sub>2</sub> led to P17-087 (<b>4</b>) and P17-088 (<b>7</b>). Both agents showed excellent PSMA binding affinity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 10-30 nM) comparable to that of recently FDA-approved [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (Pluvicto). Biodistribution studies in PSMA expressing tumor bearing mice showed that [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-<b>4</b> exhibited very high tumor uptake and a fast blood clearance similar to those of [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Conversely, [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-<b>7</b>, containing an albumin binder, extended its blood half-life and exhibited significantly higher uptake and longer tumor residence time than [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-<b>4</b> and [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. The switch from chelator HBED-CC to DOTA(GA)<sub>2</sub> and the switch from the imaging isotope gallium-68 to the therapeutic isotope lutetium-177 have successfully transformed a PSMA-targeting agent from diagnosis to promising radionuclide therapeutic agents.
Terahertz Beam Steering with Curved Metasurfaces (2023)

Abstract Considerable recent research interest has focused on the possibility of using metasurfaces for manipulation of terahertz wavefronts. For example, metasurfaces allow a beam to be targeted in any desired direction using strategically placed meta-elements. With rapid prototyping techniques, metasurfaces can be fabricated quickly and at a low cost. These techniques also permit the fabrication of metasurfaces on flexible substrates which can be bent easily. This opens the possibility of employing such devices as conformable arrays on non-flat surfaces. To explore this idea, we experimentally and numerically analyze the performance of a terahertz metasurface printed on paper, as a function of its radius of curvature. We observe that when the metasurface is bent, the direction of the refracted beam is minimally impacted and the performance of the metasurface remains very similar to when it is flat. This conclusion will simplify the design and modeling criteria for conformable metasurfaces.
CELTIC CP5-026 WINNER+, D1.5 Intermediate Report on System Aspect of Advanced RRM (2009)

The deliverable describes the second set of best innovations proposed in the framework of the WP1 on system aspect of advanced Radio Resource Management (RRM) approved by the System Group. These concepts consist of promising innovative techniques and include an initial evaluation of the performance and benefits as far as already available. A brief description of each technique together with the relevant state of the art is provided.Moreover, first considerations about the requirements on the system, especially regarding measurements, signalling, architecture and protocols are described. The last set of innovations will be ready for the final deliverable of proof of concept evaluation.
WLAN Mesh Network Interference Management Using FSO Link Deployment (2007)

Frequency channels are assigned in wireless LAN mesh networks subject to strict co-channel interference constraints. Since Wi-Fi may be freely used by other networks, added interference may eventually invalidate the original frequency assignment, making full link activation impossible. In this paper we address this problem by selectively installing supplementary free space optical (FSO) links when RF link performance has deteriorated. We first formulate the channel assignment problem with the objective of maximizing the number of simultaneous link activations while satisfying cumulative RF interference constraints. A proof is given for the NF-completeness of the joint frequency assignment and FSO link placement problem. We then propose an efficient heuristic to solve the channel assignment problem using a genetic algorithm. Our comparisons show that the proposed algorithm gives good results compared with computed bounds.
Induction of apoptosis by Moutan Cortex Radicis in human gastric cancer cells through the activation of caspases and the AMPK signaling pathway (2016)

Moutan Cortex Radicis, the root bark of Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews, Paeoniaceae, has been widely used in traditional medicine therapy. Although it has been shown to possess many pharmacological activities, the molecular mechanisms of its anti-cancer activity have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic effects of the ethanol extract of Moutan Cortex Radicis in human gastric cancer AGS cells. Moutan Cortex Radicis treatment inhibited the cell viability of AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with apoptotic cell death. Moutan Cortex Radicis's induction of apoptosis was connected with the upregulation of death receptor 4, death receptor 5, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, Fas ligand, and Bax, and the downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bid. Moutan Cortex Radicis treatment also induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the proteolytic activation of caspases (-3, -8, and -9), and the degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, an activated caspase-3 substrate protein. However, the pre-treatment of a caspase-3 inhibitor significantly attenuated Moutan Cortex Radicis-induced apoptosis and cell viability reduction. In addition, Moutan Cortex Radicis treatment effectively activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway; however, a specific inhibitor of AMPK significantly reduced Moutan Cortex Radicis-induced apoptosis. Overall, the results suggest that the apoptotic activity of Moutan Cortex Radicis may be associated with a caspase-dependent cascade through the activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways connected with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation, and Moutan Cortex Radicis as an activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase could be a prospective application to treat human cancers.
Inhibition by red phosphorus of unimolecular thermal chain‐scission in poly(methyl methacrylate): Investigation by NMR, FT‐IR and laser desorption/fourier transform mass spectroscopy (1986)

Abstract The reaction of red phosphorus with poly(methyl methacrylate) under pyrolysis conditions was investigated with a number of physical techniques. A random methyl methacrylate/cyclic anhydride copolymer is formed from atatic PMMA, whereas a random methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer is obtained with isotactic PMMA. The backbones of both these copolymers are more stable toward depolymerization than that of PMMA. The flame‐retardant activity of red phosphorus with PMMA may arise in part from stabilization of the polymer toward depolymerization via modification of the sidechains.
An aging-aware life cycle cost comparison between supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries to smooth Direct Wave Energy Converter production (2015)

This article compares the performance of two energy storage technologies, namely supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries, in the context of Direct Wave Energy Converters (DWEC). Both the sizing and management of an Energy Storage System (ESS) are described, and the SEAREV project has been used as an example. The main objective is to compare the two technologies on the basis of their life cycle cost. The ESS is necessary for grid integration due to the flicker constraint, which is not being satisfied without storage. The rule-based energy management approach introduced herein depends on the State of Energy of this ESS as well as the power produced by the DWEC. This management strategy has been optimized for each size in order to reduce aging speed while strictly respecting the flicker criterion. The final design is expected to minimize total system cost, i.e. the sum of investment cost and operating cost (losses and replacements). The aging models applied take into account temperature and cycling effect in order to estimate this replacement cost. Such an optimization routine is especially critical for offshore systems like Direct Wave Energy Converters, which require both cost reduction and high reliability.
Local Staging of Pancreatic Carcinoma with Multi–Detector Row CT: Use of Curved Planar Reformations—Initial Experience (2002)

Curved planar reformations are equivalent to transverse images in the detection of pancreatic tumors and determination of surgical resectability.
Oscillations of Sessile Drops of Surfactant Solutions on Solid Substrates with Differing Hydrophobicity (2003)

The paper reports results of experimental studies on the dynamic behavior of surfactant solution drops on substrates with differing hydrophobicity. Contact angle oscillations observed immediately after the drop deposition are studied, and a mechanistic interpretation of this phenomenon is put forward. The major emphasis is put on the physicochemical aspects of surfactant action, including the dynamic wetting enhancement and the effect of surface tension relaxation on the frequency of drop oscillation, which are characteristic of surfactant solutions. Appropriate scaling relations describing the drop dynamics are derived.