gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination Therapy with Dietary Zeaxanthin for Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration. A Randomized Clinical Trial (2017)

Purpose: A previous comparative interventional study suggested oral zeaxanthin added to triple therapy of intravitreal bevacizumab, intravitreal corticosteroids and photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) was comparatively effective and cost-effective. A randomized clinical trial was undertaken to confirm these effects.
Methodology: A two-year, triple-blinded, randomized clinical trial enrolled 144 participants (168 eyes) with NVAMD to triple therapy (TT) (intravitreal bevacizumab, reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy and intravitreal dexamethasone) or the same triple therapy with oral zeaxanthin (TTZ) supplementation, 20 mg daily. Data were modeled out to the 11-year life expectancy of the average participant.
Results: At 24-months, twenty-seven percent (17/62) of TTZ eyes gained ≥ 15 letters, versus 9% (7/81) of TT eyes (p=0.003). Among unilateral, NVAMD participants, NVAMD developed in 23% (12/53) of TT and 6% (3/47) of TTZ fellow eyes with atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (p=0.02) by 24 months after baseline. The incremental costutility ratio of oral zeaxanthin supplementation was a remarkably low $30/QALY (quality-adjusted life-year). Zeaxanthin supplementation to TT is cost-effective in every country since the 11-year cost of TTZ ($14,486) exceeds the cost of TT ($14,480) by only $6, yet provides a 0.200 QALY gain.
Conclusion: Oral zeaxanthin supplementation of triple therapy for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration is comparatively effective because it yields improved vision and reduces the incidence of subsequent neovascular age-related macular degeneration in fellow eyes with atrophic age-related macular degeneration by 74%. Oral zeaxanthin supplementation is very cost-effective in the U.S. and worldwide referent to most ophthalmic interventions.
A Multi-Level Attention Model for Evidence-Based Fact Checking (2021)

Evidence-based fact checking aims to verify the truthfulness of a claim against evidence extracted from textual sources. Learning a representation that effectively captures relations between a claim and evidence can be challenging. Recent state-of-the-art approaches have developed increasingly sophisticated models based on graph structures. We present a simple model that can be trained on sequence structures. Our model enables inter-sentence attentions at different levels and can benefit from joint training. Results on a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERification (FEVER) show that our model outperforms the graph-based approaches and yields 1.09% and 1.42% improvements in label accuracy and FEVER score, respectively, over the best published model.
γ-Secretase activity requires the presenilin-dependent trafficking of nicastrin through the Golgi apparatus but not its complex glycosylation (2003)

Nicastrin and presenilin are two major components of the gamma-secretase complex, which executes the intramembrane proteolysis of type I integral membrane proteins such as the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. Nicastrin is synthesized in fibroblasts and neurons as an endoglycosidase-H-sensitive glycosylated precursor protein (immature nicastrin) and is then modified by complex glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus and by sialylation in the trans-Golgi network (mature nicastrin). These modifications are not observed with exogenously overexpressed nicastrin. Under normal cell culture conditions, only mature nicastrin is expressed at the cell surface and binds to the presenilin heterodimers. Mature nicastrin has a half-life of more than 24 hours. In the absence of presenilin 1 and 2, nicastrin remains entirely endoglycosidase H sensitive, is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and is slowly degraded. Single presenilin 1 or presenilin 2 deficiency affects glycosylation of nicastrin to a lesser extent than the combined presenilin deficiencies, suggesting a correlation between either the transport of nicastrin out of the endoplasmic reticulum or the concomitant complex glycosylation of nicastrin, and gamma-secretase activity. However, when complex glycosylation of nicastrin was inhibited using mannosidase I inhibitors, gamma-secretase cleavage of APP or Notch was not inhibited and the immature nicastrin still associates with presenilin and appears at the cell surface. Complex glycosylation of nicastrin is therefore not needed for gamma-secretase activity. Because the trafficking of nicastrin to the Golgi apparatus is dependent on presenilins, our data point to a central role of presenilin in nicastrin maturation/localization, which could help to partially resolve the 'spatial paradox'.
Testing the Stability of the Fine Structure Constant in the Laboratory (2009)

In this review we discuss the progress of the past decade in testing for a possible temporal variation of the fine structure constant α. Advances in atomic sample preparation, laser spectroscopy and optical frequency measurements led to rapid reduction of measurement uncertainties. Eventually laboratory tests became the most sensitive tool to detect a possible variation of α at the present epoch. We explain the methods and technologies that helped to make this possible.
Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Contributes to Airway Hyperreactivity in Mice (2016)

Neurons innervating the airways contribute to airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a hallmark feature of asthma. Several observations suggested that acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), neuronal cation channels activated by protons, might contribute to AHR. For example, ASICs are found in vagal sensory neurons that innervate airways, and asthmatic airways can become acidic. Moreover, airway acidification activates ASIC currents and depolarizes neurons innervating airways. We found ASIC1a protein in vagal ganglia neurons, but not airway epithelium or smooth muscle. We induced AHR by sensitizing mice to ovalbumin and found that ASIC1a-/- mice failed to exhibit AHR despite a robust inflammatory response. Loss of ASIC1a also decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of substance P, a sensory neuropeptide secreted from vagal sensory neurons that contributes to AHR. These findings suggest that ASIC1a is an important mediator of AHR and raise the possibility that inhibiting ASIC channels might be beneficial in asthma.
Basic evaluation of the Eu:BaFBr and Ce:CaF2 hybrid type optical fiber based dosimeter system for correction of quenching effect under carbon ion irradiation (2019)

We fabricated the hybrid type optical fiber based dosimeter system using Eu:BaFBr and Ce:CaF 2 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) materials in order to correct the quenching effect under high LET particle irradiation. The fabricated dosimeter probe can obtain signals from both OSL materials through one optical fiber. We investigated the probe response by irradiating it with mono-energetic carbon ions and broad-spectrum ones making the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). We demonstrated that the SOBP shape can be improved by correction of the quenching effect using the relationship between the luminescence efficiency and the signal intensity ratio of both OSL materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Heterocyclic Compounds via Aza‐ and Bis‐aza‐Wittig Reactions. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells as adjuvant therapy for unresectable adenocarcinoma (2023)

Incomplete surgery of solid tumors is a risk factor for primary treatment failure. Here, we have investigated whether chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CARTs) could be used as an adjuvant therapy to clear residual cancer cells. We tested the feasibility of this approach in two partial resection xenograft models using mesothelin-specific CARTs. In addition, we developed a previously unexplored in vivo toxicity model to evaluate safety and effects on wound healing in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. We found that the local delivery of CARTs in a fibrin glue-based carrier was effective in clearing residual cancer cells following incomplete surgery. This resulted in significantly longer overall survival when compared to mice treated with surgery and CARTs without fibrin glue. On-target off-tumor toxicity was diminished, and wound healing complications were not seen in any of the mice. On the basis of these observations, a clinical trial in patients with locally advanced breast cancer is planned.
Pharmacologic Means of Extending Lifespan (2012)

Humanity has long dreamed of the possibility of extending lifespan, from the search for the mythical philosopher’s stone to Ponce de Leon’s quest for the Fountain of Youth. While no such fantastical solution exists, recent advances in aging research have brought us closer to finding treatments that may aid in slowing the aging process and attenuating age-related diseases. In this review, we will discuss small molecules that recent evidence suggests may be capable of improving health and extending lifespan in mammals, focusing particularly on resveratrol, rapamycin, and metformin.
Outcomes in 370 patients with mantle cell lymphoma treated with ibrutinib: a pooled analysis from three open‐label studies (2017)

Ibrutinib is highly active in treating mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an aggressive B-cell lymphoma. We pooled data from three ibrutinib studies to explore the impact of baseline patient characteristics on treatment response. Patients with relapsed/refractory MCL (n = 370) treated with ibrutinib had an objective response rate (ORR) of 66% (20% complete response; 46% partial response); median duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 18·6, 12·8 and 25·0 months, respectively. Univariate analyses showed patients with one versus >one prior line of therapy had longer OS. Multivariate analyses identified that one prior line of therapy affected PFS; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, simplified MCL international prognostic index (sMIPI) score, bulky disease, and blastoid histology affected OS and PFS. Patients with blastoid versus non-blastoid histology had similar time to best response, but lower ORR, DOR, PFS and OS. OS and PFS were longer in patients with better sMIPI, patients with ECOG performance status 0-1, non-bulky disease and non-blastoid histology. Additionally, the proportion of patients with poor prognostic factors increased with increasing lines of therapy. Together, results suggest that patient outcomes following treatment failure with ibrutinib are related to the natural biological evolution of the disease.
Development of a Scroll Expander for the CO 2 Refrigeration Cycle (2009)

In this study, a scroll expander was developed to recover the throttling loss in CO2 cycles. In cycles with an intercooler, the expander drives the second-stage compressor using the energy recovered from the expansion process. To carry out this function, a back-to-back scroll mechanism was applied to the expansion and subcompression processes. A prototype of the expander/subcompressor was designed by calculating the gas pressure in the chambers and estimating the gas forces. The prototype was built and tested. According to the experimental results of the prototype device, the subcompressor increased the pressure by 1.30 MPa (188.5 psi), while the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the expander was 3.19 MPa (462.7 psi). Based on the gas state at the expander inlet, the volumetric efficiency was about 104%.
Vaccine-elicited murine antibody WS6 neutralizes diverse beta-coronaviruses by recognizing a helical stem supersite of vulnerability (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA-immunized mouse elicited an antibody, WS6, that cross reacts with spikes of diverse human and bat beta-coronavirusesWS6 neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants, SARS-CoV, and related virusesCrystal structure at 2-Å resolution of WS6 in complex with a conserved S2 peptide reveals recognition of a helical epitopeWS6 neutralizes by inhibition of fusion, post-viral attachmentWS6 recognizes a supersite of vulnerability also recognized by other recently identified antibodiesHelical supersite of vulnerability comprises a hydrophobic cluster spanning three helical turns, with acid residues framing the center turnGenetic and structural analysis indicate supersite recognition to be compatible with diverse antibody ontogenies.
Inhaled IL-10 Suppresses Lung Tumorigenesis via Abrogation of Inflammatory Macrophage–Th17 Cell Axis (2018)

Intratracheal administration of a novel IL-10 formulation suppressed IL-17-driven, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell-dependent tumorigenesis in the LSL-K-ras<sup>G12D</sup> murine lung cancer model. Analysis of lung lymphocyte populations demonstrated that antitumor activity of IL-10 was associated with a 5-fold decline in Th17 cell prevalence and a concurrent suppression of inflammatory M1-like macrophage activity. Further phenotypic characterization revealed that macrophages and dendritic cells, but not Th17 cells, expressed IL-10RA on the cell surface with the CD11b<sup>+</sup>F4/80<sup>+</sup>CX3CR1<sup>+</sup> interstitial macrophages representing the dominant IL-10RA<sup>+</sup> subset. Consistent with these observations, in vitro stimulation of sorted CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells with IL-10 did not affect their ability to produce IL-17, whereas similar treatment of purified interstitial macrophages resulted in a dramatic M1 to M2 phenotypic switch. Importantly, preconditioning of macrophages (but not of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells) with IL-10 led to potent suppression of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell IL-17 production in an in vitro coculture assay, suggesting that IL-10 suppressed Th17 cell activity primarily via its upstream effects on macrophages. In support of this notion, in vivo macrophage depletion resulted in a 5-fold decline in Th17 cell numbers and a concurrent 6-fold reduction in tumor burden. Collectively, these data demonstrate that in the LSL-K-ras<sup>G12D</sup> murine lung cancer model, inflammatory macrophage-Th17 cell axis is critical to tumorigenesis and that IL-10 blocks this process primarily via a direct effect on the former. Inhaled IL-10 formulations may be of use in prophylaxis against lung cancer in high-risk patients.
Assessment of Coronal Radiographic Parameters of the Spine in the Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. (2016)

Preoperative coronal balance is very important to make a balanced spine after surgery. Other parameters like Lenke classification or main thoracic overcorrection did not affect postoperative coronal decompensation.
Compressing and searching XML data via two zips (2006)

XML is fast becoming the standard format to store, exchange and publish over the web, and is getting embedded in applications. Two challenges in handling XML are its size (the XML representation of a document is significantly larger than its native state) and the complexity of its search (XML search involves path and content searches on labeled tree structures). We address the basic problems of compression, navigation and searching of XML documents. In particular, we adopt recently proposed theoretical algorithms [11] for succinct tree representations to design and implement a compressed index for XML, called XBZIPiNDEX, in which the XML document is maintained in a highly compressed format, and both navigation and searching can be done uncompressing only a tiny fraction of the data. This solution relies on compressing and indexing two arrays derived from the XML data. With detailed experiments we compare this with other compressed XML indexing and searching engines to show that XBZIPiNDEX has compression ratio up to 35% better than the ones achievable by those other tools, and its time performance on some path and content search operations is order of magnitudes faster: few milliseconds over hundreds of MBs of XML files versus tens of seconds, on standard XML data sources.
Adaptive learning with joint transform correlators (1990)

Iterative learning procedures can be employed to generate synthetic reference patterns for joint transform correlators. These patterns can be implemented directly on inexpensive spatial light modulators (SLMs) based on liquid crystal television sets. The algorithm takes into account random electronic noise in the system and compensates for SLM distortions. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the new approach with two algorithmic examples.
Functional copies of a human gene can be directly isolated by transformation-associated recombination cloning with a small 3′ end target sequence (1998)

Unique, small sequences (sequence tag sites) have been identified at the 3' ends of most human genes that serve as landmarks in genome mapping. We investigated whether a single copy gene could be isolated directly from total human DNA by transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning in yeast using a short, 3' unique target. A TAR cloning vector was constructed that, when linearized, contained a small amount (381 bp) of 3' hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) sequence at one end and an 189-bp Alu repeat at the other end. Transformation with this vector along with human DNA led to selective isolations of the entire HPRT gene as yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) that extended from the 3' end sequence to various Alu positions as much as 600 kb upstream. These YACs were retrofitted with a NeoR and a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequence to transfer the YACs to bacteria and subsequently the BACs to mouse cells by using a Neo selection. Most of the HPRT isolates were functional, demonstrating that TAR cloning retains the functional integrity of the isolated material. Thus, this modified version of TAR cloning, which we refer to as radial TAR cloning, can be used to isolate large segments of the human genome accurately and directly with only a small amount of sequence information.
Estimating Seroprevalence of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Using a Mixture Model with Smoothed Age-dependent Mixing Proportions (2014)

Our results provide a benchmark for examining the effect of HPV16 vaccination in future serological surveys. Our method may prove useful for estimating seroprevalence of other infections with a weak serological response.
Battery metals recycling by flash Joule heating (2023)

The staggering accumulation of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the growing scarcity of battery metal sources have triggered an urgent call for an effective recycling strategy. However, it is challenging to reclaim these metals with both high efficiency and low environmental footprint. We use here a pulsed direct current flash Joule heating (FJH) strategy that heats the black mass, the combined anode and cathode, to >2100 K within seconds, leading to ~1000-fold increase in subsequent leaching kinetics. There are high recovery yields of all the battery metals, regardless of their chemistries, using even diluted acids like 0.01 M HCl, thereby lessening the secondary waste stream. The ultrafast high-temperature achieves thermal decomposition of the passivated solid-electrolyte-interphase and valance-state reduction of the hard-to-dissolve metal compounds, while mitigating diffusional loss of volatile metals. Life-cycle-analysis vs current recycling methods shows that FJH significantly reduces the environmental footprint of spent LIB processing, while turning it into an economically attractive process.
A Finite Elements Model of accommodation; first results. (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. A. Weeber, "A Finite Elements Model of accommodation; first results.," in Vision Science and its Applications, 1999 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper SaC3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
GeSb thin films: read-write optical data storage on the subnanosecond time scale (2001)

The transition from the low reflectivity amorphous to the highly reflective crystalline phase of a-GeSb films is studied with fs time resolution. The results reveal an ultrafast. transition to a new non-thermodynamic phase which is not c-GeSb as previously believed [1].
A fully integrated 77-GHz radar transmitter based on a low phase-noise 19.25-GHz fundamental VCO (2010)

A 77-GHz automotive radar transmitter is presented. The transmitter is based on a 19.25-GHz Colpitts voltage controlled oscillator, that feeds two cascaded frequency doubler stages. In a following medium power amplifier (MPA) the signal recovers after frequency transformation. Finally a power amplifier (PA) adds 6 dB to the power level after the MPA. In addition, an emitter follower stage connected to the oscillators output drives a switchable divide-by-16/32 stage realized in emitter-coupled-logic (ECL).
Chemistry and mineralogy across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at DSDP Site 527, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean (1990)

Specimens spanning 10 m across the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary in Core 32 at DSDP Site 527, Walvis Ridge, were analyzed for trace elements and for evidence of shock deformation. Results from INAA/RNAA chemistry of the 45 samples suggest that multiple events are recorded at this site, including at least two enrichments of chalcophile elements possibly related to basaltic volcanism. A major event, coincident with the paleontological K/T boundary, is marked by a strong Ir anomaly and high frequency of shock deformation in quartz and feldspar. A strong secondary peak in elemental enrichment and mosaicism occurs at 1.87 m below the K/T boundary, suggesting appreciable volcanic activity about 10 5years prior to the K/T event. Carbon and oxygen isotopes from the site also suggest that changes in climate began before the shock event at the boundary. Correlations between biostratigraphy, isotopes, and the data from this study suggest that the decline in marine productivity over an extended period of time may be the result of complex coupling of basaltic volcanism to climate change.
Cognitive function and symptoms in adults and adolescents in relation to rf radiation from UMTS base stations (2007)

There is widespread public concern about the potential adverse health effects of mobile phones in general and their associated base stations in particular. This study was designed to investigate the acute effects of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) mobile phone base stations on human cognitive function and symptoms. Forty adolescents (15-16 years) and 40 adults (25-40 years) were exposed to four conditions: (1) sham, (2) a Continuous Wave (CW) at 2140 MHz, (3) a signal at 2140 MHz modulated as UMTS and (4) UMTS at 2140 MHz including all control features in a randomized, double blinded cross-over design. Each exposure lasted 45 min. During exposure the participants performed different cognitive tasks with the Trail Making B (TMB) test as the main outcome and completed a questionnaire measuring self reported subjective symptoms. No statistically significant differences between the UMTS and sham conditions were found for performance on TMB. For the adults, the estimated difference between UMTS and sham was -3.2% (-9.2%; 2.9%) and for the adolescents 5.5% (-1.1%; 12.2%). No significant changes were found in any of the cognitive tasks. An increase in 'headache rating' was observed when data from the adolescents and adults were combined (P = 0.027), an effect that may be due to differences at baseline. In conclusion, the primary hypothesis that UMTS radiation reduces general performance in the TMB test was not confirmed. However, we suggest that the hypothesis of subjective symptoms and EMF exposure needs further research.