gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of polyvinyl alcohol cryogel mechanical properties with four ultrasound elastography methods and comparison with gold standard testings (2007)

Tissue-mimicking phantoms are very useful in the field of tissue characterization and essential in elastography for the purpose of validating motion estimators. This study is dedicated to the characterization of polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-C) for these types of applications. A strict fabrication procedure was defined to optimize the reproducibility of phantoms having a similar elasticity. Following mechanical stretching tests, the phantoms were used to compare the accuracy of four different elastography methods. The four methods were based on a one-dimensional (1-D) scaling factor estimation, on two different implementations of a 2-D Lagrangian speckle model estimator (quasistatic elastography methods), and on a 1-D shear wave transient elastography technique (dynamic method). Young's modulus was investigated as a function of the number of freeze-thaw cycles of PVA-C, and of the concentration of acoustic scatterers. Other mechanical and acoustic parameters-such as the speed of sound, shear wave velocity, mass density, and Poisson's ratio-also were assessed. The Poisson's ratio was estimated with good precision at 0.499 for all samples, and the Young's moduli varied in a range of 20 kPa for one freeze-thaw cycle to 600 kPa for 10 cycles. Nevertheless, above six freeze-thaw cycles, the results were less reliable because of sample geometry artifacts. However, for the samples that underwent less than seven freeze-thaw cycles, the Young's moduli estimated with the four elastography methods showed good matching with the mechanical tensile tests with a regression coefficient varying from 0.97 to 1.07, and correlations R2 varying from 0.93 to 0.99, depending on the method.
Exploitation of a Type 1 Toxin–Antitoxin System as an Inducible Counter-Selective Marker for Genome Editing in the Acetogen Eubacterium limosum (2023)

Targeted mutations in the anaerobic methylotroph <i>Eubacterium limosum</i> have previously been obtained using CRISPR-based mutagenesis methods. In this study, a RelB-family toxin from <i>Eubacterium callanderi</i> was placed under the control of an anhydrotetracycline-sensitive promoter, forming an inducible counter-selective system. This inducible system was coupled with a non-replicative integrating mutagenesis vector to create precise gene deletions in <i>Eubacterium limosum</i> B2. The genes targeted in this study were those encoding the histidine biosynthesis gene <i>hisI</i>, the methanol methyltransferase and corrinoid protein <i>mtaA</i> and <i>mtaC</i>, and <i>mtcB</i>, encoding an Mttb-family methyltransferase which has previously been shown to demethylate L-carnitine. A targeted deletion within <i>hisI</i> brought about the expected histidine auxotrophy, and deletions of <i>mtaA</i> and <i>mtaC</i> both abolished autotrophic growth on methanol. Deletion of <i>mtcB</i> was shown to abolish the growth of <i>E. limosum</i> on L-carnitine. After an initial selection step to isolate transformant colonies, only a single induction step was required to obtain mutant colonies for the desired targets. The combination of an inducible counter-selective marker and a non-replicating integrative plasmid allows for quick gene editing of <i>E. limosum</i>.
Low on-resistance power LDMOSFET using double metal process technology (2002)

A low on-resistance lateral power FET which is suitable for the H-bridge motorcontrol IPD (intelligent power device) for automatic applications is described. The LDMOSFET was fabricated using the double metal process technology with a hexagonal pattern layout which increases the cell density. The device with cell density as high as 5.1 million cells/in/sup 2/ has a specific on-resistance of 1.15 m Omega -cm/sup 2/ under pulsed drain bias conditions, and the reverse blocking voltage is 42 V. This on-resistance represents the lowest among the lateral type power FETs with similar blocking voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immunosensing by a Synthetic Ligand-Gated Ion Channel (2001)

Specific binding of an antibody to its antigen at subnanomolar concentrations has been detected electrically by impedance spectroscopy through changes in the ion-conductance of a synthetic ligand-gated ion channel (SLIC) in a supported lipid bilayer on a gold electrode (see picture).
The Effect of Hormonal Contraception on Cervicovaginal Mucosal End Points Associated with HIV Acquisition (2019)

Reproductive age women may choose to concurrently use topical antiretrovirals and hormonal contraceptives (HCs) to simultaneously prevent HIV-1 infection and unintended/mistimed pregnancy. There are conflicting data on the effect of HCs on mucosal susceptibility to HIV-1. The objective of this study was to evaluate cervicovaginal (CV) mucosal data from healthy women before and after initiation of either oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection. CONRAD A10-114 was a prospective, open-label, parallel cohort study. We enrolled 74 women and 62 completed the visits (32 and 30 who selected OCPs and DMPA, respectively). Participants provided CV lavage, vaginal biopsies, and CV swabs at baseline in the luteal phase and then ∼6 weeks after initiating HCs. After contraceptive initiation, there were significant increases in vaginal immune cell density among both DMPA and OCP users. Changes for OCP users were concentrated in the subepithelial lamina propria, whereas for DMPA users, they were distributed throughout the vaginal tissue, including the epithelium (CD45<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD4<sup>+</sup>, and CD1a<sup>+</sup>). Contraceptive use altered concentrations of soluble CV inflammatory and immune mediators, with significant reductions in some proinflammatory cytokines and secretory leukoprotease inhibitor. Compared with baseline, p24 antigen production after <i>ex vivo</i> HIV-1 infection of vaginal biopsies doubled after DMPA use, but all <i>p</i>-values were >.05. HIV-1 replication was significantly higher in DMPA-exposed tissues compared with those from the OCP group at the end of the tissue culture (<i>p</i> = .01). Although not statistically significant, median <i>in vitro</i> inhibition of HIV-1 by CV fluid (innate antiviral activity), was reduced by ∼50% with HCs (<i>p</i> > .21). Exposure to exogenous contraceptive hormones significantly increased vaginal immune cells and reduced CV proinflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. DMPA users showed higher susceptibility to HIV-1 <i>ex vivo</i> infection.
Antimicrobial Activity of the Quinoline Derivative HT61 against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms (2020)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms are a significant problem in health care settings, partly due to the presence of a nondividing, antibiotic-tolerant subpopulation. Here we evaluated treatment of <i>S. aureus</i> UAMS-1 biofilms with HT61, a quinoline derivative shown to be effective against nondividing <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. HT61 was effective at reducing biofilm viability and was associated with increased expression of cell wall stress and division proteins, confirming its potential as a treatment for <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm infections.
Energy-efficiency and future knowledge tradeoff in small cells prediction-based strategies (2014)

Predictive small cells networks and proactive resource allocation are considered as one of the key mechanisms for increasing the long-term energy-efficiency of communication networks. Learning techniques exploit repetitive patterns in human behavior to predict some future transmission contexts of the network. In this paper, we target to improve the energy efficiency of delay-tolerant transmissions by enabling flexibility in resource allocation with prediction-based strategies. We study the performance, in terms of energy efficiency of several scenarios of future knowledge ranging from zero to perfect knowledge of the future context, but also partial knowledge scenarios (short-term predictions, long-term statistics or partial knowledge). An iterative process, approaching the optimal strategies in each scenario, is described. In some cases, closed-form expressions of the optimal strategies to be implemented can be obtained and the performance in each scenario is computed. Our analytical and numerical results assess the potential benefit of exploiting the knowledge of the future in the case of a delay-tolerant transmission and show how the system may benefit from a provided piece of information about the future transmission context.
Searching for interestingness in Wikipedia and Yahoo! (2013)

In many cases, when browsing the Web, users are searching for specific information. Sometimes, though, users are also looking for something interesting, surprising, or entertaining. Serendipitous search puts interestingness on par with relevance. We investigate how interesting are the results one can obtain via serendipitous search, and what makes them so, by comparing entity networks extracted from two prominent social media sites, Wikipedia and Yahoo! Answers.
Opportunistic relaying for Cognitive Radio enhanced cellular networks: Infrastructure and initial results (2010)

In this paper, we introduce the application of CR-based spectrum sharing concepts to enable opportunistic relaying operations in cellular networks. In particular, (i) we build on recent FCC rules and CEPT plans (SE43) that regulate the opportunistic spectrum usage in TV white spaces at 470-790 MHz; and (ii) we show that opportunistic relaying can lead to higher spectral efficiencies and/or reduced CAPEX (and consequently OPEX) due to a lighter infrastructure deployment. Finally, we outline some issues that are important to be addressed to quantify the gains achieved by the proposed opportunistic relay-based infrastructure deployment with respect to existing cellular networks. Some preliminary results are also shown.
IMT-advanced relay standards [WiMAX/LTE Update (2010)

There are two candidates for IMT-Advanced (4G) standards, LTE-Advanced by 3GPP and 802.16m by IEEE. This article focuses on relay architectures in 16m and LTE-A, and discusses design principles and trade-offs leading to decisions in each standards group. Basically, 16m relay and LTE-A Release 10 relay are very similar technologies where the relay is essentially an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access base station with a wireless backhaul link. However, some open issues, such as mobility, power saving, multihop architecture, transparent relaying, multi-arrier transmission, and cooperative transmission, are still left as challenges for engineers and researchers. This article provides insights to both relay standards that could be helpful for readers to fully comprehend practical ways of incorporating relays into 4G wireless broadband networks.
Zero-shot Deep Reinforcement Learning Driving Policy Transfer for Autonomous Vehicles based on Robust Control (2018)

Although deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) methods have lots of strengths that are favorable if applied to autonomous driving, real deep RL applications in autonomous driving have been slowed down by the modeling gap between the source (training) domain and the target (deployment) domain. Unlike current policy transfer approaches, which generally limit to the usage of uninterpretable neural network representations as the transferred features, we propose to transfer concrete kinematic quantities in autonomous driving. The proposed robust-control-based (RC) generic transfer architecture, which we call RL-RC, incorporates a transferable hierarchical RL trajectory planner and a robust tracking controller based on disturbance observer (DOB). The deep RL policies trained with known nominal dynamics model are transfered directly to the target domain, DOB-based robust tracking control is applied to tackle the modeling gap including the vehicle dynamics errors and the external disturbances such as side forces. We provide simulations validating the capability of the proposed method to achieve zero-shot transfer across multiple driving scenarios such as lane keeping, lane changing and obstacle avoidance.
Induction of hepatocyte functional protein expression by submicron/nano-patterning substrates to mimic in vivo structures (2013)

To investigate the influence of bio-inspired metallic superficial topography on the cellular behaviour of a hepatocyte cell line, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanopatterns with diversified shapes and heterotropic lateral dimensions were fabricated using electron beam lithography and atomic layer deposition. The dimensional uniformity and shape diversity of the nanopatterns were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. These topographical nanocues provide good tools for controlling and regulating multiple hepatocellular functions. The expressions of functional proteins such as albumin, transferrin and cytochrome P450 were tested as functional markers. In addition, the change in cellular orientation, cell alignment and native extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly induced by these well-defined nanotopographies were observed. Twelve hours after cell seeding, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanogratings with a lateral dimension of 240 nm showed a higher degree of functional protein expression compared to other nanotopographical substrates and a flat surface. These findings suggest that the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface resembles a hierarchically-extended collagen nanofibrillar surface and could be recognized by hepatocytes, allowing the proper cytoskeletal orientation and cellular integrity. This TiO<sub>2</sub> nanopattern with a specific shape and dimension (240 nm) might therefore emulate ECM biophysical cues, and the intrinsic topography of TiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces might evoke enhanced cellular responses. These unique surfaces could be further exploited for tissue engineering and bioreactor technology.
Increased Cyclin G1 Immunoreactivity During Alzheimer's Disease (1999)

Numerous proteins are alternatively expressed in neurons and glia during Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to the regulation of neuronal cell death or function in regenerative responses to neuronal injury. A recently described member of the cyclin gene family, cyclin G1, is expressed in post-mitotic neurons in the adult rat brain and is expressed at high levels after brain injury. In the current study we examined the expression and subcellular distribution of cyclin G1 in non-demented adult and AD brain. While low levels of cyclin G1 protein were observed in pyramidal neurons in control brain, abundant cyclin G1 immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and hippocampus of AD brain. Cyclin G1 immunoreactivity was not present in cells containing neurofibrillary pathology. Our results indicate that cyclin G1 is expressed in human adult brain and exhibits increased immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons in AD. In addition, cyclin G1 immunoreactivity was not evident in cells containing cytoskeletal pathology.
A quantitative analysis of transparency in the human sclera and cornea using Fourier methods (1991)

Cellular microstructure observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was analysed using Fourier methods. Fourier components of the density fluctuations in the sclera and the cornea of the human eye were quantified. The results show that the Fourier components responsible for the opacity of the sclera have sizes of the order of the wavelength of visible light. In the sclera, approximately 54% of the spectral energy of the density fluctuation falls in the range of 200-1100 nm (scattering range). In the cornea, approximately 24% of the total spectral energy falls in this range. The predominant Fourier components of the density fluctuations in the opaque sclera are approximately 300 nm in wavelength, whereas those of the transparent cornea are approximately 80 nm in wavelength. This method will be useful in quantitative analysis of microstructural changes accompanying biological phenomena such as normal development of transparency in the human lens, and abnormal loss of transparency during cataract formation.
Revised cloud processes to improve the mean and intraseasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon in climate forecast system: Part 1 (2017)

Abstract The National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) is being used for operational monsoon prediction over the Indian region. Recent studies indicate that the moist convective process in CFS is one of the major sources of uncertainty in monsoon predictions. In this study, the existing simple cloud microphysics of CFS is replaced by the six‐class Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) single moment (WSM6) microphysical scheme. Additionally, a revised convective parameterization is employed to improve the performance of the model in simulating the boreal summer mean climate and intraseasonal variability over the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) region. The revised version of the model (CFSCR) exhibits a potential to improve shortcomings in the seasonal mean precipitation distribution relative to the standard CFS (CTRL), especially over the ISM region. Consistently, notable improvements are also evident in other observed ISM characteristics. These improvements are found to be associated with a better simulation of spatial and vertical distributions of cloud hydrometeors in CFSCR. A reasonable representation of the subgrid‐scale convective parameterization along with cloud hydrometeors helps to improve the convective and large‐scale precipitation distribution in the model. As a consequence, the simulated low‐frequency boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) exhibits realistic propagation and the observed northwest‐southeast rainband is well reproduced in CFSCR. Additionally, both the high and low‐frequency BSISOs are better captured in CFSCR. The improvement of low and high‐frequency BSISOs in CFSCR is shown to be related to a realistic phase relationship of clouds.
Moving Electrode Impedance Spectroscopy for Accurate Conductivity Measurements of Corrosive Ionic Media (2020)

A measurement cell for the use of accurate conductivity measurements of corrosive ionic media is presented. Based on the concept of moving electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, exceptional measurement accuracy is achieved in a large conductivity range. Extensive testing with corrosive ionic media demonstrated the robust operation of the cell under harsh chemical conditions, up to temperatures of 130 °C. The novel design allows monitoring small conductivity changes during chemical reactions in ionic media, for instance, zeolite formation from hydrated ionic liquids.
TMPRSS2-ERG FUSION PROSTATE CANCER PREVALENCE, ASSOCIATION WITH PSA DENSITY, AND HISTOLOGIC FEATURES IN A MULTI-CENTER U.S. COHORT OF MEN UNDERGOING PROSTATE BIOPSY (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008TMPRSS2-ERG FUSION PROSTATE CANCER PREVALENCE, ASSOCIATION WITH PSA DENSITY, AND HISTOLOGIC FEATURES IN A MULTI-CENTER U.S. COHORT OF MEN UNDERGOING PROSTATE BIOPSY Juan M Mosquera, Rohit Mehra, Meredith Regan, Elizabeth M Genega, Sandra Gaston, Sven Perner, Gerri Bueti, Scott A Tomlins, Rajal B Shah, John T Wei, Michael Kearney, Laura A Johnson, Jeffrey M Tang, Arul M Chinnaiyan, Mark A Rubin, and Martin G Sanda Juan M MosqueraJuan M Mosquera , Rohit MehraRohit Mehra , Meredith ReganMeredith Regan , Elizabeth M GenegaElizabeth M Genega , Sandra GastonSandra Gaston , Sven PernerSven Perner , Gerri BuetiGerri Bueti , Scott A TomlinsScott A Tomlins , Rajal B ShahRajal B Shah , John T WeiJohn T Wei , Michael KearneyMichael Kearney , Laura A JohnsonLaura A Johnson , Jeffrey M TangJeffrey M Tang , Arul M ChinnaiyanArul M Chinnaiyan , Mark A RubinMark A Rubin , and Martin G SandaMartin G Sanda View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)62055-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "TMPRSS2-ERG FUSION PROSTATE CANCER PREVALENCE, ASSOCIATION WITH PSA DENSITY, AND HISTOLOGIC FEATURES IN A MULTI-CENTER U.S. COHORT OF MEN UNDERGOING PROSTATE BIOPSY." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), pp. 705–706 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 705-706 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Juan M Mosquera More articles by this author Rohit Mehra More articles by this author Meredith Regan More articles by this author Elizabeth M Genega More articles by this author Sandra Gaston More articles by this author Sven Perner More articles by this author Gerri Bueti More articles by this author Scott A Tomlins More articles by this author Rajal B Shah More articles by this author John T Wei More articles by this author Michael Kearney More articles by this author Laura A Johnson More articles by this author Jeffrey M Tang More articles by this author Arul M Chinnaiyan More articles by this author Mark A Rubin More articles by this author Martin G Sanda More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Polymer Transport Properties (2015)

A review with 275 references covering the transport properties of gases, low activity vapors, and intermediate‐sized penetrants through rubbery, semicrystalline, and glassy polymers. This article emphasizes polymer transport properties under conditions of low‐to‐intermediate penetrant concentration where extraordinary differences can exist between the diffusivities of penetrants having relatively small differences in molecular size or shape. Nonideal transport effects such as plasticization, antiplasticization, clustering, and non‐Fickian transport are also covered to some extent. Attention is also given to the nonequilibrium nature of glassy polymers and the resulting effects on penetrant transport. Recent applications involving transport through porous coordination polymers (ie, metal organic frameworks) are included, along with the topics of molecular modeling, positron annihilation spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Biotechnological versatility of riboflavin producer Ashbya gossypii Expression of Trichoderma reesei cellulases CBHI and EGI (2010)

The filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii shows the potential for the production of, yet unexploited, valuable compounds other than riboflavin. To explore the ability of A. gossypii as a host for the expression of recombinant proteins, endoglucanase I (EGI) and cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) from the fungus Trichoderma reesei were expressed in A. gossypii under Saccharomyces cerevisiae PGK1 promoter. The proteins were secreted into the culture medium, but there were differences in the amount or activity of the protein being produced. In one hand, CBHI activity was not detected using 4-methylumbelliferyl--Dlactoside as substrate, being only detected by Western blot. On the other hand, EGI activity was detectable, the level of activity being comparable to that produced by a S. cerevisiae strain containing the same plasmid. Thus more EGI was secreted than CBHI, or more active protein was produced. Partial characterization of CBHI and EGI expressed in A. gossypii revealed overglycosylation when compared to the native T. reesei proteins, but the glycosylation was less extensive than on cellulases expressed in S. cerevisiae.