gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection Limit of ultra-scaled Nanowire Biosensors (2012)

The fundamental detection limit of ultra-scaled Si nanowire FET (NWT) biosensors is studied with a NEGF quantum microscopic approach. For negatively charged analytes, a N-doped NWT is found to be more sensitive and to get less sensitivity degradation when increasing channel length. Our results predict threshold voltage shifts due to a single charge analyte on the order of tens to hundreds of mV in dry (air) or low ionic solution environments, which hint at single charge/analyte detection. However, the sensitivity to a single charge analyte rapidly drops down to the mV range in typical ionic solution and SAM conditions.
Human granulosa cells are a site of sulphatase activity and are able to utilize dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate as a precursor for oestradiol production (2000)

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is the most abundant androgen in the circulation and in ovarian follicular fluid. A steroid sulphatase accepting DHEAS as a substrate has been identified in the follicle, but the cellular location has not been determined. As DHEAS is also a potential source of oestrogen for endocrine-dependent tumours, a potent steroid sulphatase inhibitor oestrone-3-O-sulphamate (EMATE) has been developed which inhibits this activity in rat liver and mammary tumour. The aim of this study was to investigate human granulosa cells as a site of steroid sulphatase activity, to determine whether DHEAS can be utilized as a precursor for oestrogen synthesis and to investigate the inhibitory capacity of EMATE in these cells. Conversion of DHEAS to DHEA was assessed in luteinized granulosa cells by tritiated steroid assay following incubation with or without LH or insulin and steroid accumulation in the medium measured by RIA. The effects of EMATE were assessed by addition of a range of doses during the measurement of conversion of DHEAS to DHEA. Cells from three sizes of small follicles from an unstimulated ovary were also assessed for their ability to produce oestradiol from DHEAS. Sulphatase enzyme activity was present in all cells; the mean conversion of tritiated DHEAS to DHEA was 50% (range 4-65%). LH and EMATE inhibited and insulin stimulated this activity. Addition of DHEAS to granulosa cells caused a dose-dependent increase in oestradiol and androstenedione production with no change in progesterone concentration. LH increased the accumulation of oestradiol in the medium. DHEAS also stimulated oestradiol production by granulosa cells from small follicles. This is the first demonstration that granulosa cells are a site of sulphatase activity and that DHEAS can be utilized as a substrate for androstenedione and oestrogen production. This may be of physiological importance for both normal folliculogenesis and oestrogen-dependent tumour growth.
Behavior Trees as a Representation for Medical Procedures (2018)

Behavior trees (BTs) emerged from video game development as a graphical language for modeling intelligent agent behavior. BTs have several properties which are attractive for modeling medical procedures including human-readability, authoring tools, and composability. This paper will illustrate construction of BTs for exemplary medical procedures. We are pleased to acknowledge support from National Science Foundation grant #IIS-1637444 and collaborations on that project with Johns Hopkins University and Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Acetone (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Production 4.1. Cumene Oxidation (Hock Process) 4.2. Dehydrogenation of 2-Propanol 4.3. Propene Oxidation 4.4. Oxidation of 2-Propanol 4.5. Oxidation of p-Diisopropyl Benzene 4.6. Fermentation of Biomass 5. Environmental Protection 6. Quality Specifications and Analysis 7. Storage and Transportation 8. Uses 8.1. Methyl Methacrylate 8.2. Bisphenol A 8.3. Aldol Chemicals 8.4. Solvent Uses 9. Economic Aspects 10. Toxicology and Occupational Health 11. Derivatives 11.1. Acetone Cyanohydrin 11.2. Diacetone Alcohol 11.3. Miscellaneous Derivatives
Synthesis of Possible Metabolites of 1-Cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-5-methyl-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid (Grepafloxacin, OPC-17116). (1995)

Grepafloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-5-methyl-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl )-4-oxo-3-quinoline-carboxylic acid, OPC-17116) (1) exhibits potent and broad-spectrum in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity. In order to identify the structures of the metabolites of grepafloxacin, 17 possible metabolites were prepared. Among them, 6 compounds were found to be actual metabolites (2a, b, 4a, b and 6a, b) of grepafloxacin in rats, dogs and/or humans. The antibacterial activities of these metabolites were found to be weaker than that of grepafloxacin.
Bioprinting small‐diameter vascular vessel with endothelium and smooth muscle by the approach of two‐step crosslinking process (2022)

Three-dimensional bioprinting shows great potential for autologous vascular grafts due to its simplicity, accuracy, and flexibility. The 6-mm-diameter vascular grafts are used in clinic. However, producing small-diameter vascular grafts are still an enormous challenge. Normally, sacrificial hydrogels are used as temporary lumen support to mold tubular structure which will affect the stability of the fabricated structure. In this study, we have developed a new bioprinting approach to fabricating small-diameter vessel using two-step crosslinking process. The ¼ lumen wall of bioprinted gelatin mechacrylate (GelMA) flat structure was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light briefly for gaining certain strength, while ¾ lumen wall showed as concave structure which remained uncrosslinked. Precrosslinked flat structure was merged towards the uncrosslinked concave structure. Two individual structures were combined tightly into an intact tubular structure after receiving more UV exposure time. Complicated tubular structures were constructed by these method. Notably, the GelMA-based bioink loaded with smooth muscle cells are bioprinted to form the outer layer of the tubular structure and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were seeded onto the inner surface of the tubular structure. A bionic vascular vessel with dual layers was fabricated successfully, and kept good viability and functionality. This study may provide a novel idea for fabricating biomimetic vascular network or other more complicated organs.
Feasibility of In<italic>x</italic>Ga1–<italic>x</italic>As High Mobility Channel for 3-D NAND Memory (2016)

Epitaxial In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>x</i></sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1–<i>x</i></sub> As is grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy as replacement of polycrystalline silicon (Si) channel for high-density 3-D NAND memory applications. The most challenging steps to integrate In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>x</i></sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1–<i>x</i></sub> As are thoroughly discussed; their impact on the electrical performances are investigated and the tunnel oxide (TuOx) quality is assessed. In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>x</i></sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1–<i>x</i></sub> As channels with a diameter down to ~45 nm and different In concentrations are obtained after using two alternative surface preparation routes: HCl and Cl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Thanks to the lower thermal budget involved, Cl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> seems the most suitable route to preserve the thickness of the TuOx. In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>x</i></sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1–<i>x</i></sub> As channels with In concentration, x, higher than 0.45 have superior conduction properties compared with poly-Si channel, showing higher <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm { {on}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and transconductance.
Simulation fidelity in microlithography (1992)

Ground truth comparison between our advanced simulation modules and specific sets of experiments is presented, and simulation fidelity is evaluated. The resists described below are SNR248 negative chemically amplified deep-UV resist, KTI895i positive I-line resist, Shipley ANR negative chemically amplified I-line resist, and SMP1400 positive G-line resist. The simulation is composed of several modules: aerial image calculation, exposure, post-exposure baking (PEB) as reaction-diffusion equations, and dissolution employing reaction-diffusion equations as well as Hamilton-Jacobi systems. The experiments described display variations in exposure energies to determine process latitude and cd control, defocus, as well as line shape. Detailed comparisons between experiments and simulations are exhibited for a wide range of photolithographic applications.
Monolithic Bidirectional Power Transistors (2023)

Today’s global megatrends—loosely defined as long-term trends that shape societies and economies worldwide—include, e.g., the transition to a fully renewable energy supply and the establishment of evermore stringent efficiency requirements for industry. Similarly, the trend of rapid global urbanization creates a need for sustainable mobility. The digital disruption contributes to increased electricity demand but on the other hand enables solutions such as smart energy networks or design, control, and monitoring systems supported by artificial intelligence (AI). Ultimately, future energy systems should seamlessly integrate, e.g., renewable energy sources, electric mobility, and industrial plants, i.e., they will be mostly electric.
Niclosamide Enema for Active Distal Ulcerative Colitis: A Phase 1, Open-Label Study (2023)

Niclosamide enema treatment is safe and well tolerated. Niclosamide improves clinical symptoms and endoscopic/histologic signs of UC; however, appropriately designed placebo-controlled clinical trials are required to confirm efficacy.
Expression of mucins MUCI, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 in lesions of intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach (1999)

Reis, C A; David, L; Correa, P; Carneiro, F; Garcia, E; Mirgorodskaja, E; de Bolós, C; Mandel, U; Clausen, H; Sobrinho-Simões, M Author Information
Glucose-fructose oxidoreductase, a periplasmic enzyme ofZymomonas mobilis, is active in its precursor form (1993)

Glucose-fructose oxidoreductase (GFOR) is a periplasmic enzyme of the ethanologenic, Gram-negative bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. It contains tightly bound NADP+ as cofactor. In Z. mobilis GFOR-recombinant strains, a precursor form of GFOR was accumulated. To assay the preGFOR for its NADP(H) content and enzymatic activity, it was purified from an overproducing strain. Using SDS-PAGE, the precursor subunit size was determined to approximately 45 kDa (compared with a 40 kDa subunit size for the mature GFOR subunit). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the precursor was determined. The N-terminal residues of the GFOR matched with the signal sequence from the DNA sequence of the gene gfo. The precursor form of GFOR was enzymatically active and contained the cofactor NADP(H).
Design and Synthesis of a Highly Selective and In Vivo-Capable Inhibitor of the Second Bromodomain of the Bromodomain and Extra Terminal Domain Family of Proteins (2020)

Pan-bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) inhibitors interact equipotently with the eight bromodomains of the BET family of proteins and have shown profound efficacy in a number of <i>in vitro</i> phenotypic assays and <i>in vivo</i> pre-clinical models in inflammation or oncology. A number of these inhibitors have progressed to the clinic where pharmacology-driven adverse events have been reported. To better understand the contribution of each domain to their efficacy and improve their safety profile, selective inhibitors are required. This article discloses the profile of GSK046, also known as iBET-BD2, a highly selective inhibitor of the second bromodomains of the BET proteins that has undergone extensive pre-clinical <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> characterization.
Cortical Vessel Segmentation for Neuronavigation Using Vesselness-Enforced Deep Neural Networks (2021)

We propose in this paper an efficient method to segment cortical vessels in craniotomy images acquired by the surgical microscope. Our method uses a vesselness-enforced convolutional neural network to classify each pixel of a craniotomy image as a vessel or surrounding tissue. This permits training the network not only on appearance-based features but also on geometrical-based constraints that will ensure the continuity of the vascular trees. Our solution uses neural style transfer to generate new instances of images from manually labeled data leading to augment the training dataset in an anatomically semantic manner. The generated images improve the generalization of our model to various types of cortical surface appearances and vascular geometries. We conducted experiments on real images from human patients that demonstrate that accurate intraoperative cortical vessel segmentation can be achieved.
Review and Comparison of Resonant DC-DC Converters for Wide-Input Voltage Range Applications (2019)

This paper reviews and compares DC-DC resonant converters for wide input voltage range applications that can maintain high efficiency over such a wide voltage range. To meet such requirements, different methods have been reported in the open literature including topological switching between a half bridge (HB) and full bridge (FB) converters, increasing the magnetizing ratio, and using different rectifier types. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. To help provide full understanding of advantages and disadvantages of these different methods, this paper will provide a comprehensive review of these methods and provide detailed performance comparison between them.
Rational Design of Copper Alloy Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction (2020)

Electrochemical conversion of CO 2 is a potentially exciting route towards production of sustainable drop-in fuels and chemicals using renewable electricity. A key obstacle in the commercial scale-up and deployment of CO 2 utilization and conversion is the lack of active and selective catalysts. Across all monometallic candidates, Cu exhibits distinctive ability to electrochemically reduce CO 2 to several products including methane and ethylene, albeit its multifunctional nature makes selectivity control challenging [1]. Alloying offers a means to break scaling relationships and uniquely manipulate the reactivity and selectivity in ways that would be hard to achieve using monometallic compositions alone. Here, we employ a coupled quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) scheme [2] to screen various copper alloys for their reactivity and selectivity towards key rate-limiting and selectivity-determining steps in CO 2 conversion. The activity-selectivity screening is carried out under reducing conditions to thoroughly probe the influence of the electrolytic ions under the applied potential on the alloy stability and reactivity. The results of these studies show how alloying in conjunction with electrolyte tuning can non-intuitively alter the surface electronic and catalytic properties of the catalyst leading to changes in activity-selectivity towards CO 2 conversion. This serves to provide a rationale for improved composition and environment driven design and screening, and allows the use of chemical computation using nuanced, dynamical models of the electrochemical double layer [i] . [1] Y. Hori, in Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Technology and Application (VHC Wiley, Chichester, 2003), Vol. 2, 720-733. [2] J. Haruyama, T. Ikeshoji and M. Otani, Electrode potential from density functional theory calculations combined with implicit solvation theory. Physical Review Materials (2018), 2(9), p.095801. [i] This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Evaluation of a new error prevention technique for mobile touchscreen text entry (2013)

This paper presents a new pressure-based error prevention technique for mobile touchscreen text entry. Two user studies were conducted to compare the new technique with a conventional virtual keyboard, one with novice and another with expert users. Results of the first user study showed that with practice the new technique significantly improves accuracy. Yet, no such indication was observed during the second study.
Electrical Overstress (EOS): Challenges for component and system-level co-design (2015)

Electrical Overstress (EOS) continues to impact semiconductor components and systems as technologies scale from micro-to nano-electronics [1-10]. This paper will teach fundamentals of electrical overstress (EOS) and how to minimize and mitigate EOS failures [1]. The paper will provide a clear picture of EOS phenomena, EOS origins, EOS sources, EOS physics, and failure mechanisms. The paper will focus the challenges to achieve robust design for component and system level with co-design of EOS and ESD.
A meta-opinion: cannabinoids delivered to oral mucosa by a spray for systemic absorption are rather ingested into gastro-intestinal tract: the influences of fed / fasting states (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: Sativex® spray is clinically utilized to deliver delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol to oral mucosa for systemic absorption. We challenge the consensus that the mechanism of absorption following the oro-mucosal application occurs via the buccal tissue. <b>Areas covered</b>: Correctness of the consensus of this absorption pathway arose when reviewing publications regarding the influence fed versus fasting states have on pharmacokinetics of these cannabinoids administered to the oral mucosa. This finding is more suitable for peroral administration, where stomach content affects the absorption profile. We hypothesize that these cannabinoids are ingested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. <b>Expert opinion</b>: Although clinical importance of Sativex® is not disputed, the wide acceptance of its being a successful example of drug delivery through oral mucosa is questionable. Sativex® acts as an example for other drugs delivered to oral mucosa for systemic absorption and unintentionally washed by the saliva flow into the gastrointestinal tract. Delivery of each medicine through oral mucosa should be validated <i>in-vivo</i> to ensure this route to be the predominant one. Revealing the underlying absorption mechanisms would enable predicting the impact of different physiological parameters such as saliva flow and fed/fasting states on the pharmacokinetics of the delivered medication.
MTPS Analytical Temperature and Heat Flux Solution With Thermal Contact Resistance (2022)

Abstract An exact transient analytical solution of the temperature fields and heat fluxes for the modified transient plane source (MTPS) method is presented. The MTPS sensor is made of a thin disk with a heater/sensor and a heated guard ring on its surface, providing a one-dimensional heat flow to a semi-infinite sample in contact with its surface. The MTPS sensor measures the thermal effusivity of the sample. Two different solutions are derived, one is in the form of an infinite series with no thermal resistance, and the other is in integral form and includes thermal resistance between the MTPS sensor surface and the measured sample. The theoretical model is supplemented by experimental results.
Quil A, Anti-Carbohydrate Antibody Specificity and Biological Function (1995)

Neisseria meningitidis is an encapsulated gram-negative bacterium which causes meningitis and septic shock in humans. In the third world countries, an estimated number of 330,000 persons per year attract meningococcal disease, resulting in 35,000 deaths (Robbins and Freeman, 1988). Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play a key role in the induction of septic shock in humans by gram-negative bacteria (Brandtzaeg et al, 1989; Morrison and Ulevitch, 1978; Morrison, 1983). Studies of Brandtzaeg et al. (1989) suggested a direct correlation between the fatal outcome of systemic meningococcal disease and circulating levels of LPS. The efficacy of a (group B) meningococcal vaccine might therefore be improved by the incorporation of components that neutralize the effects mediated by LPS. With regard to the preparation of a vaccine, only the oligosaccharide parts of LPS are suitable for this purpose because the lipid A part is responsible for the induction of septic shock (Morrison and Ulevitch 1978; Morrison, 1983).
A semantically-adaptive strategy for energy-efficiency in wireless medical monitoring devices (2013)

We propose a novel strategy for energy-efficient operation of wireless monitoring devices under the premise that medical experts are primarily interested in atypical observations - For epilepsy monitoring, EEG data is most valuable at epileptic activity onset. Or, a gait-stability monitoring application is most interested in unusual footsteps. Observations are atypical if application-specific medical metrics and biosignal features are statistical outliers. Our strategy admits energy-efficient early-detection of such observations, leading to: (i) an increase in medical information quality by sampling aggressively over semantically important behaviors, and (ii) a savings in energy by precluding communication of typical measurements. From experimentally collected plantar pressure datasets, we show that this can yield up to a 62% improvement in gait-stability metric evaluation for atypical footsteps and a 10% energy cost reduction compared to a recently proposed non-adaptive compressive sensing technique.
Repeatable experiments with mobile nodes in a relocatable WSN testbed (2010)

We present Sensei-UU, a testbed that supports mobile sensor nodes. The design objectives are to provide wireless sensor network (WSN) experiments with repeatable mobility and to be able to use the same testbed at different locations, including the target location. The testbed is inexpensive, expandable, relocatable and it is possible to reproduce it by other researchers. Mobile sensor nodes are carried by robots that use floor markings for navigation and localization. The testbed is typically used to evaluate WSN applications when sensor nodes move in meters rather than millimeters, eg. when human carries a mobile data sink (mobile phone) collecting data while passing fixed sensor nodes. To investigate the repeatability of robot movements, we have measured the achieved precision and timing of the robots. This precision is of importance to ensure the same radio link characteristics from one protocol experiment to another. We find that our robot localization is accurate to ±1 cm and variations in link characteristics are acceptably low to capture fading phenomena in IEEE 802.15.4. In the paper we show repeatable experiment results from three environments, two university corridors and from an anechoic chamber. We conclude that the testbed is relocatable between different environments and that the precision is good enough to capture fading effects in a repeatable way.
ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 (2012)

peer reviewed