gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective catalytic β-amination through proton-coupled electron transfer followed by stereocontrolled radical–radical coupling (2017)

A new mechanistic approach for the catalytic, enantioselective conjugate addition of nitrogen-based nucleophiles to acceptor-substituted alkenes is reported, which is based on a visible light induced and phosphate base promoted transfer of a single electron from a nitrogen nucleophile to a catalyst-bound acceptor-substituted alkene, followed by a stereocontrolled C-N bond formation through stereocontrolled radical-radical coupling. Specifically, <i>N</i>-aryl carbamates are added to the β-position of α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles using a visible light activated photoredox mediator in combination with a chiral-at-rhodium Lewis acid catalyst and a weak phosphate base, affording new C-N bonds in a highly enantioselective fashion with enantioselectivities reaching up to 99% ee and >99 : 1 dr for a menthol-derived carbamate. As an application, the straightforward synthesis of a chiral β-amino acid ester derivative is demonstrated.
An overview of the control scheme for distributed power systems (2002)

This paper gives an overview for the current control schemes used in the design of distributed power systems (DPS). Several control techniques are currently used to provide load current sharing among several parallel connected DC-to-DC converters. The droop control technique, average current, master-slave methods are reviewed in this paper. Finally, a block diagram with control functions for two parallel connected converters using central limit control is discussed.
Collision Reaction Cell (CRC) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
mTORC1 regulates cytokinesis through activation of Rho-ROCK signaling (2015)

Understanding the mechanisms by which cells coordinate their size with their ability to divide has long attracted the interest of biologists. The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway is becoming increasingly recognized as a master regulator of cell size, however less is known how TOR activity might be coupled with the cell cycle. Here, we establish that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) promotes cytokinesis through activation of a Rho GTPase-Rho Kinase (ROCK) signaling cascade. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling by depletion of any of its negative regulators: TSC1, TSC2, PTEN, or DEPTOR, induces polyploidy in a rapamycin-sensitive manner. mTORC1 hyperactivation-mediated polyploidization occurs by a prolonged, but ultimately failed attempt at abcission followed by re-fusion. Similar to the effects of ROCK2 overexpression, these mTORC1-driven aberrant cytokinesis events are accompanied by increased Rho-GTP loading, extensive plasma membrane blebbing, and increased actin-myosin contractility, all of which can be rescued by either mTORC1 or ROCK inhibition. These results provide evidence for the existence of a novel mTORC1-Rho-ROCK pathway during cytokinesis and suggest that mTORC1 might play a critical role in setting the size at which a mammalian cell divides.
Selective Depletion of Low-Density CD8 + , CD16 + Lymphocytes During HIV Infection (1988)

Two color cytofluorometric analyses of CD3-, CD16+, Leu 19+ natural killer cells (NK) were assessed in HIV seropositive patients, high-risk seronegative homosexuals, and healthy heterosexuals. A selective depletion of lymphocytes bearing NK phenotypes was found among HIV-positive infected patients. When the CD16+ lymphocyte compartment was further dissected, lymphoid cells bearing simultaneously low cell-surface density CD8 and CD16 (Leu 11a or Leu 11c) or Leu 19 epitopes were selectively and significantly decreased. This important depletion of CD8+ NK cells, which in most cases are CD3-, accounts for the decline in low-density CD8+ lymphocytes in HIV positive group, while a significant increase occurs in their CTL pool. Furthermore, in HIV negative high-risk homosexuals, a less profound but significant reduction of this lymphocyte subset was also found. Whether the involvement of the NK compartment, especially NK cells expressing the CD8 marker, may influence the outcome of individuals infected with HIV is still an open question.
Level and attitude control of the active suspension system with integral and derivative action (2006)

A 7-DOF full-car model with optimal active control suspension is utilized to evaluate the vehicle dynamic performances which are achieved through proposed controllers. The optimal controller, which includes the integral action for the suspension deflection, considerably improves the attitude control of a vehicle because the rolling and pitching motion in cornering and braking maneuvers are reduced, respectively. In the viewpoint of level control, the integral control acting on the suspension deflection results in the zero steady-state deflection in response to static body forces and ramp road input. The dynamic characteristics of the suspension control system are evaluated in terms of time domain and frequency domain. The simulations in the time domain demonstrate the advantages of the active suspension system obtained by penalizing the integral and derivative of suspension deflections and the derivative of roll and pitch angles in the performance index. The frequency characteristic curves obtained by simulations regarding integral action or derivative action show the increase of both ride comfort and road-holding performances by maximizing the use of suspension deflections. The potential of derivative control is shown by the performances of the car traveling over a bump and braking.
The Digital Fish Project‐ In toto imaging and FlipTraps for Digitizing Development (2008)

The genome provides a program for creating an organism. Understanding how this program works will require moving from the one‐dimensional string of letters that has now been determined for the genomic code to understanding how this code is executed in the 4‐dimensions of space and time of a developing embryo. We are developing imaging‐based techniques that allow genome function to be probed quantitatively and systematically across the dimensions of space and time. Specifically, in toto imaging uses time‐lapse, laser‐scanning microscopy to track all the cells in a developing tissue and custom developed software to extract quantitative, cell‐based data. We are using in toto imaging to determine complete lineages of developing tissues and to quantitate gene/protein expression patterns. FlipTraps, a novel gene‐trapping approach, allow a variety of data to be read‐out in vivo including protein expression patterns, transcriptional expression patterns, protein subcellular localizations, and conditional mutant phenotypes. As part of our Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, we are scaling‐up and integrating these approaches to generate quantitative, systematic data suitable for a systems biology based approach to development.
Co-optimization of SnS absorber and Zn(O,S) buffer materials for improved solar cells (2015)

Thin-film solar cells consisting of earth-abundant and non-toxic materials were made from pulsed chemical vapor deposition (pulsed-CVD) of SnS as the p-type absorber layer and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Zn(O,S) as the n-type buffer layer. The effects of deposition temperature and annealing conditions of the SnS absorber layer were studied for solar cells with a structure of Mo/SnS/Zn(O,S)/ZnO/ITO. Solar cells were further optimized by varying the stoichiometry of Zn(O,S) and the annealing conditions of SnS. Post-deposition annealing in pure hydrogen sulfide improved crystallinity and increased the carrier mobility by one order of magnitude, and a power conversion efficiency up to 2.9% was achieved.
Correction: Targeting of the Plzf Gene in the Rat by Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease Results in Caudal Regression Syndrome in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164206.].
Isolation and structural characterization of chicken hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (1984)

Studies on partially purified chicken hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) utilizing chromatography, radioimmunoassay with region-specific antisera, enzymic inactivation, and chemical modification established that the peptide is structurally different from mammalian hypothalamic LHRH. These studies demonstrated that arginine in position 8 is substituted by a neutral amino acid. On the basis of conformational criteria and evolutionary probability of amino acid interchange for arginine, the most likely substitution was glutamine. We therefore synthesized [Gln8]-LHRH and established that it had identical chromatographic, immunologic, and biological properties to the natural chicken peptide. In concurrent studies, purification of 17 micrograms of an LHRH from 249,000 chicken hypothalami was achieved using acetic acid extraction, immuno-affinity chromatography, and cation exchange and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid composition and sequence analyses confirmed the structure of this form of chicken LHRH as pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Gln-Pro-Gly-NH2.
Novel Bifunctional Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas, BPMOs:  Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and in-Situ Selective Hydroboration−Alcoholysis Reactions of Functional Groups (2001)

A new class of bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas (BPMOs) containing two differently bonded organic moieties in a mesoporous host has been synthesized and characterized. By incorporating bridge-bonded ethylene groups into the walls and terminally bonded vinyl groups protruding into the channel space, both the chemistry and physical properties of the resulting BPMO could be modified. The materials have periodic mesoporous structures in which the bridging ethylene plays a structural and mechanical role and the vinyl groups are readily accessible for chemical transformations. The vinyl groups in the material underwent hydroboration with BH(3).THF and the resulting organoborane in the BPMO was quantitatively transformed into an alcohol using either H(2)O(2)/NaOH or NaBO(3).4H(2)O. The materials retained ordered structures after subsequent in situ reactions with largely unchanged pore volumes, specific surface areas and pore size distributions. Other organic functionalized BPMO materials may be synthesized in a similar manner or by further functionalizing the resulting borylated or alcohol functionalized BPMO materials. The thermal properties of the BPMO materials have also been investigated and are compared to those of the periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) materials. Noteworthy thermal events concern intrachannel reactions between residual silanols or atmospheric oxygen and organics in BPMOs. They begin around 300 degrees C and smoothly interconvert bridging ethylene to terminal vinyl groups and terminal vinyl to gaseous ethene and ethane, ultimately producing periodic mesoporous silica at 900 degrees C that exhibits good structural order and a unit-cell size decreased relative to that of the parent BPMO.
Correction of motion blur in CCD color endoscope images (1987)

Color CCD endoscopes with sequential three color illuminations have the advantage of a high spatial resolution but are sensitive to object motion. A digital method for the restoration of color-shifted images is proposed.
Continuous Immobilized Recombinant Protein Production from E. coli Capable of Selective Protein Excretion: A Feasibility Study (1985)

Currently genetically engineered bacteria are economically attractive only for the production of high-value, low-volume-proteins. For this technology to be useful for the manufacture of high volume proteins new bioprocessing concepts are necessary. A potential approach is to construct a plasmid containing an inducible promoter and a hybrid gene containing a signal sequence fused to the gene for the protein to be produced. The plasmid is transformed into Escherichia coli. The plasmid-host interaction is such that the host becomes "leaky" upon introduction. Since the signal sequence allows the recombinant protein to pass the cytoplasmic membrane, a "leaky cell" can allow selective excretion of the desired protein. If the "leaky" cell is immobilized and maintained in a resting state, the sustained continuous production of the target protein is possible. To test this concept we have used plasmid pKK in E. coli RB791 with beta-lactamase as the target protein. Production levels of at least 390 units beta-lactamase/L-h can be sustained for at least 120 days. Peak productivities of 10,000 unitslL-h have been obtained. The beta-lactamase constitutes approximately 40% of the protein in solution. Such systems could reduce recombinant protein production costs due both to the continuous nature of the bioreactor and the improved ease of protein recovery.
Structural and thermodynamic characterization of temperature-dependent changes in the folding pattern of a synthetic triamide (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural and thermodynamic characterization of temperature-dependent changes in the folding pattern of a synthetic triamideGregory P. Dado and Samuel H. GellmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10, 4228–4245Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00063a046RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Integration of airborne (SkyTEM) and ground (Dias) large-volume electrical survey data for delineation of new deposits (2019)

Summary The study is a result of integrated interpretation of SkyTEM data collected in 2017 and Dias ground data, collected in 2018 as a follow-up survey. The integrated interpretation is a result of collaboration between Aurora Minerals Group of Kazakhstan and Canadian-based Promiseland exploration, Ltd. Analysis and inversions of SkyTEM data resulted in successful discovery of a new gold-bearing deposit with Au contents up to 10 g/t as well as delineation of four new areas with potential for gold-bearing mineralization, which were further followed up by Dias ground 3D DC/IP surveys. The main challenges in the application of electrical methods were low contents of sulphides in mineralized zones, which result in weak EM anomalies, which however yield high apparent chargeability values (not detectable directly by airborne surveys). Another challenges were presence of highly conductive overburden, limiting penetration of airborne EM sygnal as well as extremely large ground data-sets due to 3D multi-electrode configurations. The challenges were met by using state of the art 3D inversions of ground DC/IP data run on a dedicated server, which resulted in 7 new drill-targets subject to upcoming 2019 drilling operations.
Emerging Opportunities in STEM to Characterize Soft-Hard Interfaces (2021)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Supplementary Figure 3 from NVP-BEZ235, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, Prevents PI3K Signaling and Inhibits the Growth of Cancer Cells with Activating PI3K Mutations (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from NVP-BEZ235, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, Prevents PI3K Signaling and Inhibits the Growth of Cancer Cells with Activating PI3K Mutations
Spontaneous formation of stacking faults in highly doped 4H–SiC during annealing (2002)

4H–SiC samples doped with nitrogen at ∼3×1019 cm−3 were annealed in Ar for 90 min at 1150 °C. Transmission electron microscopy revealed stacking faults at a density of approximately 80 μm−1 where faults were not found to exist prior to annealing. All faults examined were double layer Shockley faults formed by shear on two neighboring basal planes. The structural transformation was interpreted as due to quantum well action, a mechanism where electrons in highly n-type 4H–SiC enter stacking fault-induced quantum well states to lower the system energy. The net energy gain was calculated as a function of temperature and nitrogen doping concentration through solution of the charge neutrality equation. Calculations showed that doping levels in excess of ∼3×1019 cm−3 should result in double layer stacking faults forming spontaneously at device processing temperatures, in agreement with our observations. Single layer faults are not expected to be stable in 4H–SiC at concentrations below 1×1020 cm−3, but are expected to form at doping concentrations above ∼2×1019 cm−3 in 6H–SiC. Charge buildup in the stacking fault was shown to produce an electrostatic potential that exceeds 90% of the energy difference between the Fermi level position and lowest energy state in the fault-related quantum well. This potential barrier is one of the factors leading to increase of the forward voltage drop in SiC pin diodes.
Nanodiamond grain boundaries and lattice expansion drive Silicon vacancy emission heterogeneity (2022)

Silicon-vacancy (SiV$^-$) centers in diamond are promising candidates as sources of single-photons in quantum networks due to their minimal phonon coupling and narrow optical linewidths. Correlating SiV$^-$ emission with the defect's atomic-scale structure is important for controlling and optimizing quantum emission, but remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we use cathodoluminescence imaging in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to elucidate the structural sources of non-ideality in the SiV$^-$ emission from nanodiamonds with sub-nanometer-scale resolution. We show that different crystalline domains of a nanodiamond exhibit distinct zero-phonon line (ZPL) energies and differences in brightness, while near-surface SiV$^-$ emitters remain bright. We correlate these changes with local lattice expansion using 4D STEM and diffraction, and show that associated blue shifts from the ZPL are due to defect density heterogeneity, while red shifts are due to lattice distortions.
Effects of nitrendipine and hydralazine on plasma catecholamines in essential hypertension (1984)

We compared the efficacy and safety of nitrendipine with that of hydralazine in 21 subjects with essential hypertension. Nitrendipine or hydralazine was given in a double-blind manner after a placebo period. Dose was titrated to diastolic blood pressure (BP) less than or equal to 90 mm Hg and the dose established during titration was continued for 5 to 7 wk. Both supine and erect BP were decreased by both drugs, but heart rate was affected only minimally. Myocardial oxygen demand decreased only with nitrendipine (P less than 0.05), although the change may have been the result of somewhat higher systolic BP while on placebo. Hydralazine induced minimal changes in levels of plasma catecholamines, but plasma norepinephrine levels rose in subjects on nitrendipine. Side effects encountered with both drugs were much the same, although nitrendipine was more often associated with mild fatigue. There were mild elevations in liver function parameters in two subjects on nitrendipine. There was little difference between the effects of nitrendipine and hydralazine in hypertension.
A reference map and identification of porcine testis proteins using 2‐DE and MS (2005)

The development of the testis is essential for maturation of male mammals. A complete understanding of proteins expressed in the testis will provide biological information on many reproductive dysfunctions in males. The purposes of this study were to apply a proteomic approach to investigating protein composition and to establish a 2-D PAGE reference map for porcine testis proteins. MALDI-TOF MS was performed for protein identification. When 1 mg of total proteins was assayed by 2-D PAGE and stained with colloidal CBB, more than 400 proteins with a pI of pH 3-10 and M(r) of 10-200 kDa could be detected. Protein expression varied among individuals, with CV between 4.7 and 131.5%. A total of 447 protein spots were excised for identification, among which 337 spots were identified by searching the mass spectra against the NCBInr database. Identification of the remaining 110 spots was unsuccessful. A 2-D PAGE-based porcine testis protein database has been constructed on the basis of the results and will be published on the WWW. This database should be valuable for investigating the developmental biology and pathology of porcine testis.
Architectures For Real-Time Sequential Detection (1987)

We present the sequential detection for diffusion type signals both in the fixed probability of error formulation and in the Bayesian formulation. The optimal strategy in both cases is a threshold policy with explicitly computable thresholds. We provide numerical schemes for approximating the revelant likelihood ratio and provide an architecture for real time signal processing.