gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinterpretable Imager: Towards Variable Post‐Capture Space, Angle and Time Resolution in Photography (2010)

Abstract We describe a novel multiplexing approach to achieve tradeoffs in space, angle and time resolution in photography. We explore the problem of mapping useful subsets of time‐varying 4D lightfields in a single snapshot. Our design is based on using a dynamic mask in the aperture and a static mask close to the sensor. The key idea is to exploit scene‐specific redundancy along spatial, angular and temporal dimensions and to provide a programmable or variable resolution tradeoff among these dimensions. This allows a user to reinterpret the single captured photo as either a high spatial resolution image, a refocusable image stack or a video for different parts of the scene in post‐processing. A lightfield camera or a video camera forces a‐priori choice in space‐angle‐time resolution. We demonstrate a single prototype which provides flexible post‐capture abilities not possible using either a single‐shot lightfield camera or a multi‐frame video camera. We show several novel results including digital refocusing on objects moving in depth and capturing multiple facial expressions in a single photo.
Giant thermoelectric power factor in ultrathin FeSe superconductor (2019)

The thermoelectric effect is attracting a renewed interest as a concept for energy harvesting technologies. Nanomaterials have been considered a key to realize efficient thermoelectric conversions owing to the low dimensional charge and phonon transports. In this regard, recently emerging two-dimensional materials could be promising candidates with novel thermoelectric functionalities. Here we report that FeSe ultrathin films, a high-T<sub>c</sub> superconductor (T<sub>c</sub>; superconducting transition temperature), exhibit superior thermoelectric responses. With decreasing thickness d, the electrical conductivity increases accompanying the emergence of high-T<sub>c</sub> superconductivity; unexpectedly, the Seebeck coefficient α shows a concomitant increase as a result of the appearance of two-dimensional natures. When d is reduced down to ~1 nm, the thermoelectric power factor at 50 K and room temperature reach unprecedented values as high as 13,000 and 260 μW cm<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup>, respectively. The large thermoelectric effect in high T<sub>c</sub> superconductors indicates the high potential of two-dimensional layered materials towards multi-functionalization.
Realistic tissue visualization using photoacoustic image (2018)

Visualization methods are very important in biomedical imaging. As a technology that understands life, biomedical imaging has the unique advantage of providing the most intuitive information in the image. This advantage of biomedical imaging can be greatly improved by choosing a special visualization method. This is more complicated in volumetric data. Volume data has the advantage of containing 3D spatial information. Unfortunately, the data itself cannot directly represent the potential value. Because images are always displayed in 2D space, visualization is the key and creates the real value of volume data. However, image processing of 3D data requires complicated algorithms for visualization and high computational burden. Therefore, specialized algorithms and computing optimization are important issues in volume data. Photoacoustic-imaging is a unique imaging modality that can visualize the optical properties of deep tissue. Because the color of the organism is mainly determined by its light absorbing component, photoacoustic data can provide color information of tissue, which is closer to real tissue color. In this research, we developed realistic tissue visualization using acoustic-resolution photoacoustic volume data. To achieve realistic visualization, we designed specialized color transfer function, which depends on the depth of the tissue from the skin. We used direct ray casting method and processed color during computing shader parameter. In the rendering results, we succeeded in obtaining similar texture results from photoacoustic data. The surface reflected rays were visualized in white, and the reflected color from the deep tissue was visualized red like skin tissue. We also implemented the CUDA algorithm in an OpenGL environment for real-time interactive imaging.
Nanomaterials for Biomedicine (2012)

Preface 1. Biochemistry and Biomedical Applications of Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs) Will Briley, Tiffany L. Halo, Pratik S. Randeria, Ali H. Alhasan, Evelyn Auyeung, Sarah J. Hurst, and Chad A. Mirkin 2. Assembly of Virus Particles and Virus-like Particles as Templates for Biomedical Applications L. Andrew Lee, Elizabeth Balizan, Yuan Lin, and Qian Wang 3. Glucan Particles as Carriers of Nanoparticles for Macrophage-Targeted Delivery Ernesto Soto and Gary Ostroff 4. Glyconanoparticles for Gene Delivery Marya Ahmed and Ravin Narain 5. Bioconjugated Gold Nanoparticle for Rapid Capture and Targeted Photothermal Lysis of Pathogenic Bacteria Paresh Chandra Ray, Sadia Afrin Khan, Anant Kumar Singh, Dulal Senapati, Zhen Fan, Teresa Demeritte, and Rajashekhar Kanchanapally 6. Historical Overview of the First Two Waves of Bactericidal Agents and Development of the Third Wave of Potent Disinfectants J. Liu, K. Chamakura, R. Perez-Ballestero, and S. Bashir 7. Application of Carbon Nanotubes to Wound Healing Biotechnology Trevor J. Simmons, Christopher J. Rivet, Gurtej Singh, Julie Beaudet, Eric Sterner, Daniela Guzman, Daniel P. Hashim, Sang-Hyun Lee, Guoguang Qian, Kim M. Lewis, Pankaj Karande, Pulickel M. Ajayan, Ryan J. Gilbert, Jonathan S. Dordick, and Robert J. Linhardt 8. Laser-Induced Rupture of Infrared Dye-Doped Liposomes Honoh Suzuki, I-Yin Sandy Lee, and Takuro Sakai 9. Polysaccharide Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cell Labeling and Tracking: A New Three-Dimensional Cell-Array System for Toxicity Testing Y. Miyamoto, Y. Koshidaka, H. Noguchi, K. Oishi, H. Saito, H. Yukawa, N. Kaji, T. Ikeya, H. Iwata, Y. Baba, K. Murase, and S. Hayashi
Natural Immune Reactivity-Associated Therapeutic Response in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Interleukin-2-Based Therapy (1996)

Combination therapy with systemically administered interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) demonstrates significant clinical activity in some patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The objective of this study was to identify predictors of therapeutic response in patients with IL-2- and TIL-based immunotherapy. We characterized and compared immunologic properties of tumors, TILs, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and sera of responding (R, n = 8) with nonresponding patients (NR, n = 9). Before undergoing nephrectomy, responding patients exhibited a higher percentage of circulating natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+ CD3-) (43 +/- 20%) as compared with nonresponders (18 +/- 16%) (p < 0.01). After nephrectomy, the CD56+ CD3-/CD56- CD3+ ratio in responding patients (pre: 2.60 +/- 2.24; post: 0.28 +/- 0.19; p < 0.05) significantly decreased and was similar to that of patients not responding to therapy (0.42 +/- 0.36). Sera from patients responding to immunotherapy, obtained before and after completion of therapy, contained natural killer (NK)-enhancing factor(s) that significantly enhanced the proliferation (3.2 x 10(3) +/- 25%/ 3.6 x 10(3) +/- 13% counts/min) and cytotoxicity [17.6 +/- 4.0/18.0 +/- 1.9 lytic units (LU)] of fresh PBLs as compared with normal serum (1.8 x 10(3) +/- 8% counts/min; 13.4 +/- 2.5 LU) or sera from nonresponders (1.6 x 10(3) +/- 25%/1.5 x 10(3) +/- 20% counts/min; 8.3 +/- 5.9/6.8 +/- 4.8 LU). In contrast to noncultured tumor suspension, IL-2 cultivation induced TIL growth, cytotoxicity, and multicytokine synthesis, and a complete clearance of tumor cells. No significant differences were observed between responders and nonresponders in the in vitro characteristics of tumor/TIL, which include the degree of intratumoral lymphocytic infiltrate, TIL expansion, specific lysis of autologous tumor, phenotype, expansion time, quantity of TIL infused, cytokine release, and degree of tumor aggressiveness. We conclude that clinical response to TIL and IL-2-based immunotherapy is associated with patients' baseline natural immune status. The percentage of circulating NK cells and the presence of serum NK-cell-enhancing factors may serve as potential predictors of response in patients with advanced RCC. The in vitro study of RCC-TIL suggests that activated TIL may provide a synergistic effect to that of administered IL-2 on activation of cellular immune response in situ, rendering a tumor eradication, while the clinical outcome is largely dependent on the pretreatment immune status of patient.
Multi-octave optical splitter synthesised via B&#x00E9;zier surfaces (2015)

A multi-octave polarization splitting anisotropic metasurface is presented. The metasurface is comprised of a periodic array of metal structures synthesized via Bézier surfaces. An analytical solution for broadband polarization splitting is presented followed by a candidate design which exhibits multi-octave polarization splitting from 3μm to 15μm.
Macrophage galactose-type C-type lectins as novel markers for alternatively activated macrophages elicited by parasitic infections and allergic airway inflammation (2004)

Molecular markers, especially surface markers associated with type II, cytokine-dependent, alternatively activated macrophages (aaMF), remain scarce. Besides the earlier documented markers, macrophage mannose receptor and arginase 1, we demonstrated recently that murine aaMF are characterized by increased expression of found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1) and the secretory lectin Ym. We now document that expression of the two members of the mouse macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin gene family (mMGL1 and mMGL2) is induced in diverse populations of aaMF, including peritoneal macrophages elicited during infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei brucei or the Helminth Taenia crassiceps and alveolar macrophages elicited in a mouse model of allergic asthma. In addition, we demonstrate that in vitro, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 up-regulate mMGL1 and mMGL2 expression and that in vivo, induction of mMGL1 and mMGL2 is dependent on IL-4 receptor signaling. Moreover, we show that expression of MGL on human monocytes is also up-regulated by IL-4. Hence, macrophage galactose-type C-type lectins represent novel surface markers for murine and human aaMF.
Interoperability in cooperation systems including multiple kinds of robots (2021)

The evolution of robotics technologies has produced many kinds of robots, for example, cleaning robots, guidance robots, and transfer robots. In the future, these robots will coexist in the same public facilities. However, we will not be able to avoid developing these robot systems inefficiently, because most robot products have different interface specifications from each other. To efficiently develop robot systems, RRI (Robot Revolution & Industrial IoT Initiative)’s subcommittee has defined interoperable mobility function interface specification and published it in 2020. In this paper, to extend the specification document, practical systems operating conditions are discussed, and more detailed standard behavior and life cycle of mobile robots system included interface definitions are proposed.
A Tree Search Approach for Maximum-Likelihood Decoding of Reed-Muller Codes (2021)

A low-complexity tree search approach is presented that is equivalent to the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of Reed-Muller (RM) codes. The proposed approach generates a bit-flipping tree that is traversed to find the ML decoding result by performing successive-cancellation decoding after each node visit. A depth-first search (DFS) and a breadth-first search (BFS) scheme are developed and a log-likelihood-ratio-based bit-flipping metric is utilized to avoid redundant node visits in the tree. Several enhancements to the proposed algorithm are presented to further reduce the number of node visits. Simulation results confirm that the BFS scheme provides a lower average number of node visits than the existing tree search approach to decode RM codes.
Distributed Clustering Using Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

Clustering spatially distributed data is well motivated and especially challenging when communication to a central processing unit is discouraged, e.g., due to power constraints. Distributed clustering schemes are developed in this paper for both deterministic and probabilistic approaches to unsupervised learning. The centralized problem is solved in a distributed fashion by recasting it to a set of smaller local clustering problems with consensus constraints on the cluster parameters. The resulting iterative schemes do not exchange local data among nodes, and rely only on single-hop communications. Performance of the novel algorithms is illustrated with simulated tests on synthetic and real sensor data. Surprisingly, these tests reveal that the distributed algorithms can exhibit improved robustness to initialization than their centralized counterparts.
Infection of Brain Pericytes Underlying Neuropathology of COVID-19 Patients (2021)

A wide range of neurological manifestations have been associated with the development of COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the etiology of the neurological symptomatology is still largely unexplored. Here, we used state-of-the-art multiplexed immunostaining of human brains (<i>n</i> = 6 COVID-19, median age = 69.5 years; <i>n</i> = 7 control, median age = 68 years) and demonstrated that expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is restricted to a subset of neurovascular pericytes. Strikingly, neurological symptoms were exclusive to, and ubiquitous in, patients that exhibited moderate to high ACE2 expression in perivascular cells. Viral dsRNA was identified in the vascular wall and paralleled by perivascular inflammation, as signified by T cell and macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, fibrinogen leakage indicated compromised integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Notably, cerebrospinal fluid from additional 16 individuals (<i>n</i> = 8 COVID-19, median age = 67 years; <i>n</i> = 8 control, median age = 69.5 years) exhibited significantly lower levels of the pericyte marker PDGFRβ in SARS-CoV-2-infected cases, indicative of disrupted pericyte homeostasis. We conclude that pericyte infection by SARS-CoV-2 underlies virus entry into the privileged central nervous system space, as well as neurological symptomatology due to perivascular inflammation and a locally compromised blood-brain barrier.
1 mm isotropic detector resolution achieved by X'tal cube detector (2010)

The X'tal cube is our new PET detector which is composed of a segmented crystal block and multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs). It detects scintillation photons in three dimensions by arranging MPPCs on multiple surfaces of the crystal block. It is possible to collect scintillation photons efficiently for higher energy, spatial, and timing resolution. We have previously reported that 3 mm isotropic spatial resolution was obtained using the X'tal cube. In this study, we achieved 1 mm isotropic spatial resolution. The developed X'tal cube detector was composed of 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LYSO crystals, which were structured into 16 × 16 × 16 arrays. Each surface of the crystal block was covered with 4×4 MPPCs with 3.0 mm × 3.0 mm sensitive area. We evaluated crystal identification and energy performance, and the results showed that the X'tal cube has the expected 1 mm isotropic spatial resolution.
Electronic properties of GaN induced by a subsurface stressor (2002)

The influence of the strain field originating from a subsurface point source of dilatation (point stressor) on the electronic properties of nitride semiconductors is investigated. In the far field, real quantum dots can be viewed as such point stressors. The material surrounding the stressor was considered either to be a uniform GaN matrix or GaN matrix with an (In,Ga)N quantum well which is grown pseudomorphically between the stressor and the free surface. Isotropic elasticity was used to find the strain field around the stressor. A k⋅p perturbation theory approach was then applied to examine the shifts of the conduction and valence band edges caused by the stressor. We find lateral confinement for electrons and holes, which can be utilized to realize a strain-induced quantum dot in the quantum well.
Aβ oligomer induced cognitive impairment and evaluation of ACU193‐MNS‐based MRI in rabbit (2020)

Accumulation of AβOs can be visualized in vivo by MRI of ACUMNS and the cognitive impairment induced by the AβOs can be followed longitudinally with the novel location memory test.
BEP analysis of OSTBC-OFDM systems with broadband pa and imperfect memory compensation (2007)

We analyze the performance of an OFDM system with diversity, in particular Orthogonal Space Time Block Coding (OSTBC) systems, including a broadband nonlinear power amplifier (PA) with memory. Closed-form expressions for the BER are obtained for cases when PA memory is compensated at the transmitter or the receiver. The results confirm that not only clipping noise, but also imperfect PA memory compensation has a significant impact on the system performance.
Total Knee Arthroplasty for Patients 90 Years of Age and Older (2004)

This study was done to review the reliability, durability, and safety of primary and revision total knee arthroplasty for patients 90 years of age and older. Because little data exist about the safety or efficacy of total knee replacement in this elderly population some physicians may be hesitant to recommend elective surgery to patients of this age. Fifty-one total knee replacements were done for 41 patients age 90 to 102 years (mean, 92 years). Forty-four primary total knee replacements and seven revision total knee replacements were done. Each patient was followed up until death or for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 4.0 years). The Knee Society pain scores improved significantly for the primary and revision groups from preoperative mean scores of 30 and 29 points to latest followup scores of 86 and 87 points, respectively. One patient died in the early postoperative period of causes related to the operation. The remaining patients have lived an average of 4.4 +/- 2.2 years after the primary knee arthroplasties and 5.7 +/- 2.8 years after the revision knee arthroplasties. No knees have required revision subsequently. Total knee replacement was reliable, durable, and safe in this group of patients older than 90 years. Primary care physicians and surgeons should be aware that primary and revision total knee replacement can be done safely and effectively for patients 90 years and older and result in years of marked pain relief for those patients.
Linguistic markers predict onset of Alzheimer's disease (2020)

Background: The aim of this study is to use classification methods to predict future onset of Alzheimer's disease in cognitively normal subjects through automated linguistic analysis. Methods: To study linguistic performance as an early biomarker of AD, we performed predictive modeling of future diagnosis of AD from a cognitively normal baseline of Framingham Heart Study participants. The linguistic variables were derived from written responses to the cookie-theft picture-description task. We compared the predictive performance of linguistic variables with clinical and neuropsychological variables. The study included 703 samples from 270 participants out of which a dataset consisting of a single sample from 80 participants was held out for testing. Half of the participants in the test set developed AD symptoms before 85 years old, while the other half did not. All samples in the test set were collected during the cognitively normal period (before MCI). The mean time to diagnosis of mild AD was 7.59 years. Findings: Significant predictive power was obtained, with AUC of 0.74 and accuracy of 0.70 when using linguistic variables. The linguistic variables most relevant for predicting onset of AD have been identified in the literature as associated with cognitive decline in dementia. Interpretation: The results suggest that language performance in naturalistic probes expose subtle early signs of progression to AD in advance of clinical diagnosis of impairment.
Global Scan of Disruptions to the Mine Life Cycle: Price, Ownership, and Local Impact (2021)

Criticality and supply risk models seek to address concerns of potential disruption to global metal supply. These models need to incorporate disruption events that arise from within the mining industry's market structure. In this paper, we review what we refer to as events of "mine life cycle disruption". These include project abandonments, premature closures, care and maintenance, and ownership changes. Life cycle disruptions not only cause production disruptions but also embed social and environmental risks in global metal markets. They arise from the highly variable business environment in which the resources sector operates. Changing commodity prices directly influence mining revenues and drive decisions on whether to halt or push forward a project. While some disruptions are involuntary and induced by external economic conditions, others are purposefully triggered by certain mining companies that use them to their advantage. We examine the frequency of these disruptions based on a contemporary global inventory of 35,000 mining projects and present the findings against recent developments in the research literature. We conclude that life cycle disruption events are an important consideration in balancing the demand for metals and the social and environmental impacts of mining and propose pathways for managing these events and their effects.
Simulation and measurement of transcranial near infrared light penetration (2015)

We are studying the transmission of LED array-emitted near-infrared (NIR) light through human tissues. Herein, we simulated and measured transcranial NIR penetration in highly scattering human head tissues. Using finite element analysis, we simulated photon diffusion in a multilayered 3D human head model that consists of scalp, skull, cerebral spinal fluid, gray matter and white matter. The optical properties of each layer, namely scattering and absorption coefficient, correspond to the 850 nm NIR light. The geometry of the model is minimally modified from the IEEE standard and the multiple LED emitters in an array were evenly distributed on the scalp. Our results show that photon distribution produced by the array exhibits little variation at similar brain depth, suggesting that due to strong scattering effects of the tissues, discrete spatial arrangements of LED emitters in an array has the potential to create a quasi-radially symmetrical illumination field. Measurements on cadaveric human head tissues excised from occipital, parietal, frontal and temporal regions show that illumination with an 850 nm LED emitter rendered a photon flux that closely follows simulation results. In addition, prolonged illumination of LED emitted NIR showed minimal thermal effects on the brain.
Threshold voltage instability in a-Si: H TFTs and the implications for flexible displays and circuits (2008)

Abstract : After a brief review of the characteristics of electrical stress degradation of flexible, amorphous silicon thin film transistors, the implications for various types of flexible circuitry including active matrix backplanes, integrated drivers and general purpose digital circuitry are examined. A circuit modeling tool that enables the prediction of complex circuit degradation is presented. Experimental results for a variety of flexible digital circuits including programmable logic arrays and memories are presented. Finally, we discuss the principal remaining challenges to building a fully flexible electronic system.