gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active surveillance and genetic evolution of avian influenza viruses in Egypt, 2016–2018 (2019)

Egypt is a hotspot for avian influenza virus (AIV) due to the endemicity of H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. AIVs were isolated from 329 samples collected in 2016-2018; 48% were H9N2, 37.1% were H5N8, 7.6% were H5N1, and 7.3% were co-infections with 2 of the 3 subtypes. The 32 hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of the H5N1 viruses formed a well-defined lineage within clade 2.2.1.2. The 10 HA sequences of the H5N8 viruses belonged to a subclade within 2.3.4.4. The 11 HA of H9N2 isolates showed high sequence homology with other Egyptian G1-like H9N2 viruses. The prevalence of H5N8 viruses in ducks (2.4%) was higher than in chickens (0.94%). Genetic reassortment was detected in H9N2 viruses. Antigenic analysis showed that H9N2 viruses are homogenous, antigenic drift was detected among H5N1 viruses. AI H5N8 showed higher replication rate followed by H9N2 and H5N1, respectively. H5N8 was more common in Southern Egypt, H9N2 in the Nile Delta, and H5N1 in both areas. Ducks and chickens played a significant role in transmission of H5N1 viruses. The endemicity and co-circulation of H5N1, H5N8, and H9N2 AIV coupled with the lack of a clear control strategy continues to provide avenues for further virus evolution in Egypt.
GLP-1-mediated delivery of tesaglitazar improves obesity and glucose metabolism in male mice (2022)

Dual agonists activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARɑ/ɣ) have beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, but their development was discontinued due to potential adverse effects. Here we report the design and preclinical evaluation of a molecule that covalently links the PPARɑ/ɣ dual-agonist tesaglitazar to a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) to allow for GLP-1R-dependent cellular delivery of tesaglitazar. GLP-1RA/tesaglitazar does not differ from the pharmacokinetically matched GLP-1RA in GLP-1R signalling, but shows GLP-1R-dependent PPARɣ-retinoic acid receptor heterodimerization and enhanced improvements of body weight, food intake and glucose metabolism relative to the GLP-1RA or tesaglitazar alone in obese male mice. The conjugate fails to affect body weight and glucose metabolism in GLP-1R knockout mice and shows preserved effects in obese mice at subthreshold doses for the GLP-1RA and tesaglitazar. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified PPAR regulated proteins in the hypothalamus that are acutely upregulated by GLP-1RA/tesaglitazar. Our data show that GLP-1RA/tesaglitazar improves glucose control with superior efficacy to the GLP-1RA or tesaglitazar alone and suggest that this conjugate might hold therapeutic value to acutely treat hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance.
New Epoxy Chemistry to Generate Highly Conductive Channels Within the Fracture Geometry Pillar Fracture (2018)

Abstract A conventional proppant pack may lose up to 99% of its conductivity due to gel damage, fines migration, multiphase flow, and non-Darcy flow. Therefore, the concept of pillar fracturing was developed to generate highly conductive paths for hydrocarbon to flow. The success of the pillar fracturing treatment depends on delivering the proppant as pillar stages with a good suspension. This suspension keeps the proppant within the stage, prevents the proppant from diffusing out of the stage, and improves the mechanical strength of the pillar during closure. Resin based chemistries were proposed in the literature for proppant pack consolidation. However, most of these resins are incompatible with the aqueous fracturing fluids. This warrants for special precautions to be undertaken during pumping of the treatment to avoid formation damage. This paper discusses a new chemistry that has been developed to substitute the porous proppant pack in the fracture with an isolated structure of propped pillars containing a network of open channels. Also, this paper further discusses the experimental procedures to test compatibility of the newly developed chemistry with crosslinked fracturing fluids, optimization to use the minimum concentrations, and making hard plugs of proppants pillars under pressure and temperature (up to 350°F). Furthermore, proppant suspension tests with and without pulsing were conducted at temperatures up to 300°F to evaluate the ability of creating the conductive channels. Finally, the mechanical strength of the created pillars was evaluated using triaxle load frames to confirm that the created pillar will resist the closure stress and keep the fracture open. Experimental results showed that embedded fluid after gelation can transport the proppant during the injection and closure time without settling, thus avoiding any issues with proppant screen outs. The compatibility test showed that different concentrations of the embedded gel fluid (from 20-50 vol %) was compatible with crosslinked fracturing fluid and fracturing fluid additives. Moreover, this new chemistry was able to suspend the proppants. Additionally, the consolidated proppant pack showed excellent mechanical strength enhancement with the developed fluid system where the proppant pillar can hold the fracture open at high closure stress. Also, it was interesting to notice that oxidizer breakers enhanced the mechanical strength of the developed proppant pillar. The created pillar was conductive and hydrocarbon flowed through it. The data obtained from this study showcases the development of a new fluid chemistry that can replace conventionally used techniques to transport proppant inside the fracture.
Spaceborne Monitoring Plan for Land Management (2008)

The study is the establishment of spaceborne monitoring plan for land management. Spaceborne monitoring is land use change detection, tracking and forecasting process. For land management spaceborne monitoring plan are First, land monitoring system and long-term planning. Secondly, the spaceborne monitoring agency dedicated to specify. Thirdly, to educate the spaceborne monitoring the area of professional manpower. Fourth, data sharing and distribution systems to be prepared. Fifth, to establish real-time airborne monitoring systems. Sixth, to improve the relevant legal and institution. Seventh, continuing research and development of related technologies, and support.
ChemInform Abstract: DEHALOGENATION OF α‐CHLORO AND α‐BROMO KETONES. USE OF SODIUM O,O‐DIETHYL PHOSPHOROTELLUROATE (1982)

Abstract Dicthylphosphit (I) liefert mit Tellur das Salz (II).
Schottky barrier height and contact resistivity reduction of metal/GaOx/n-GaN structure (2023)

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the low contact resistivity on n-GaN. We adopted metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contact for relaxing Fermi level pinning. Especially, in the case of thermally grown GaO<inf>x</inf> for insulator and Mg30nm/Al 220nm for metal, we obtained the contact resistivity as small as 3.7×10<sup>−7</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> on n-GaN having Si doping concentration of 2 × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>. The low contact resistivity was made possible by lowering the Schottky barrier height by the presence of the thin GaOx insulator at metal/n-GaN interface.
Characterization of Lithium Battery Materials During their Functioning in Using Dispersive XAS (2005)

In order to understand precisely the changes induced by the reversible reaction of lithium with the electrode materials, XAS has been proved in many cases to be very efficient. The transformations generally concern the structure of the compound, at a short or a long range, and the oxidation state of the active element. We have studied, at the vanadium K edge, the behaviour of the compound Li1.2V3O8, a promising electrode material for the lithium batteries. The XAS experiments have been performed, ex-situ or in-situ, in a classical way on systems close to equilibrium and, for the first time, during the battery cycling in using a dispersive XAS set-up. A plastic battery has been designed for this purpose and connected to an automated battery cycling system. The XANES part of the spectra has been decomposed into few simple mathematical functions and the results obtained at equilibrium and out of equilibrium are compared. The significant differences have been analysed in considering the voltage variations.
OTR interferometry diagnostic for the A0 photoinjector (2007)

OTR interferometry (OTRI) is an attractive diagnostic for investigation of relativistic electron beam parameters. The diagnostic is currently under development at the A0 Photoinjector. This diagnostic is also applicable for NML accelerator test facility that will be built at Fermilab. The experimental setup of the OTR Interferometer for the FNAL A0 Photoinjector is described in the report. Results of simulations and measurements are presented and discussed.
Effects of antenna receiver diversity with Faster-than-Nyquist signaling using OFDM/OQAM in multipath fading channel (2014)

This paper presents the effects of antenna receiver diversity with Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)/offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) in a multipath fading channel. We utilize a method for mapping an FTN signal to an OFDM based orthogonal basis function. Based on link-level simulations, we show that antenna receiver diversity decreases the required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) that satisfies the target average block error rate (BLER) when FTN signaling is applied to OFDM/OQAM without a cyclic prefix (CP). We also compare the BLER performance of FTN signaling with that to CP-based OFDM employing a higher-level modulation scheme with almost the same frequency efficiency. Through the evaluations, we show the effectiveness of FTN signaling for OFDM/OQAM from the viewpoint of improving the frequency efficiency when receiver diversity with 8 antennas is employed.
Antenna gain response in the out-of-band region for unwanted emissions of AAS/massive MIMO (2016)

This work presents an initial study of antenna array response over a large frequency range in the out-of-band region which is needed to define the unwanted emissions requirements for the emerging Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS) and massive MIMO.
Editorial: Emerging Therapies for Malignant Mesothelioma (2020)

EDITORIAL article Front. Oncol., 12 June 2020Sec. Thoracic Oncology Volume 10 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.00939
On the Design of Planar Reactionless Parallel Mechanisms (2004)

A reactionless machine will not apply reaction forces and moments on the mounting base during motion. This article presents the theory for design of a reactionless planar parallel mechanism. The salient features of this design are: (i) it uses auxiliary parallelograms to locate the center of mass of each leg at the base, (ii) choice of geometric and inertial parameters to satisfy the recationless conditions, (iii) selection of trajectory to achieve a reactionless design. We illustrate the reactionless feature of such a mechanism through computer simulations.
Electron Trap Characteristics of Silicon Rich Silicon Nitride Thin Films (2007)

Charge localization causes initial retention loss and memory window narrowing after write/erase cycling in a nonvolatile memory device using a metal–oxide–nitride–oxide–semiconductor (MONOS) structure. To overcome these problems, we propose the use of silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRN) thin film as a charge-trapping layer. It was found that most of the electrons injected from the substrate were trapped at the interface between the SRN film and the top oxide and the number of electrons captured by bulk traps of the nitride is negligible. When negative bias is applied to the gate electrode, the electrons trapped at the top interface move back to the bottom interface with SRN. The high effective mobility of the electrons is presumably due to donor-like traps at 0.8 eV below the conduction band bottom of SRN.
Prostaglandin E2 receptor type 2-selective agonist prevents the degeneration of articular cartilage in rabbit knees with traumatic instability (2011)

Stimulation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via EP2 prevents degeneration of the articular cartilage during the early stages. With a system to deliver it long term, the EP2 agonist could be a new therapeutic tool for OA.
RENAL ARTERY THROMBOSIS SECONDARY TO URETERAL OBSTRUCTION (1999)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Case Reports1 Sep 1999RENAL ARTERY THROMBOSIS SECONDARY TO URETERAL OBSTRUCTION DIETER BRUNO, FERNANDO C. DELVECCHIO, and GLENN M. PREMINGER DIETER BRUNODIETER BRUNO More articles by this author , FERNANDO C. DELVECCHIOFERNANDO C. DELVECCHIO More articles by this author , and GLENN M. PREMINGERGLENN M. PREMINGER More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-199909010-00046AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RENAL ARTERY THROMBOSIS SECONDARY TO URETERAL OBSTRUCTION." The Journal of Urology, 162(3 Part 1), pp. 786–787 References 1 : Mechanism of acute hemodynamic response to ureteral occlusion. Invest. Urol.1971; 9: 109. Google Scholar 2 : The renal hemodynamic response to chronic unilateral complete ureteral occlusion. Invest. Urol.1970; 8: 78. Google Scholar 3 : The effects of ureteral occlusion on the blood flow and oxygen consumption of the kidneys of unanesthetized dogs. Surgery1937; 1: 238. Google Scholar From the Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina(Preminger) Financial interest and/or other relationship with Microvasive, Urologix and Physitel.© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 162Issue 3 Part 1September 1999Page: 786-787 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.Metrics Author Information DIETER BRUNO More articles by this author FERNANDO C. DELVECCHIO More articles by this author GLENN M. PREMINGER More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Time-Domain Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Trajectories Using Deep Neural Networks: Application to Activity Ranking of Tankyrase Inhibitors (2019)

Molecular dynamics simulations provide valuable insights into the behavior of molecular systems. Extending the recent trend of using machine learning techniques to predict physicochemical properties from molecular dynamics data, we propose to consider the trajectories as multidimensional time series represented by 2D tensors containing the ligand-protein interaction descriptor values for each time step. Similar in structure to the time series encountered in modern approaches for signal, speech, and natural language processing, these time series can be directly analyzed using long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks or convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The predictive regression models for the ligand-protein affinity were built for a subset of the PDBbind v.2017 database and applied to inhibitors of tankyrase, an enzyme of the poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) family that can be used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. As an additional test set, a subset of the Community Structure-Activity Resource (CSAR) data set was used. For comparison, the random forest and simple neural network models based on the crystal pose or the trajectory-averaged descriptors were used, as well as the commonly employed docking and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) scores. Convolutional neural networks based on the 2D tensors of ligand-protein interaction descriptors for short (2 ns) trajectories provide the best accuracy and predictive power, reaching the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.73 and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.70 for the tankyrase test set. Taking into account the recent increase in computational power of modern GPUs and relatively low computational complexity of the proposed approach, it can be used as an advanced virtual screening filter for compound prioritization.
Investigation of the stability of Mn12 single molecule magnets (2008)

The stability of single crystals and monolayers of Mn12 single molecule magnets under the influence of X-ray radiation and other possibly disruptive influences has been investigated by means of synchrotron radiation. Clear evidence for radiation induced sample degradation was found for both single crystals and monolayers. The comparison with spectra obtained after damaging the molecules by Ar+ sputtering, metal evaporation or water moistening indicates a possibility to distinguish between radiation damage and other external influences. The results clarify some of the previous conflicting reports on the integrity of Mn12 molecules deposited on surfaces and are linked to the investigations aiming at studies of the electronic and magnetic properties of individual Mn12 clusters.
Subsurface optical stimulation of the rat prostate nerves using continuous-wave near-infrared laser radiation (2012)

Successful identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves (CN), which are responsible for sexual function, during prostate cancer surgery, will require subsurface detection of the CN beneath a thin fascia layer. This study explores optical nerve stimulation (ONS) in the rat with a fascia layer placed over the CN. Two near-IR diode lasers (1455 nm and 1550 nm lasers) were used to stimulate the CN in CW mode with a 1-mm-diameter spot in 8 rats. The 1455 nm wavelength provides an optical penetration depth (OPD) of ~350 &#956;m, while 1550 nm provides an OPD of ~1000 &#956;m (~3 times deeper than 1455 nm and 1870 nm wavelengths previously tested). Fascia layers with thicknesses of 85 - 600 &mu;m were placed over the CN. Successful ONS was confirmed by an intracavernous pressure (ICP) response in the rat penis at 1455 nm through fascia 110 &#956;m thick and at 1550 nm through fascia 450 &mu;m thick. Higher incident laser power was necessary and weaker and slower ICP responses were observed as fascia thickness was increased. Subsurface ONS of the rat CN at a depth of 450 &mu;m using a 1550 nm laser is feasible.
Sorption isotherms for spherical penetrants in facilitating polymeric media using Monte Carlo simulations (1997)

Grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of penetrant sorption in polymeric media have been used to predict sorption isotherms as a function of polymer–penetrant interactions. The polymer is modelled as a collection of hard chains and as a collection of square-well chains, while the penetrant is modelled as hard spheres and as square-well spheres. Partition coefficients have been compared for the different potentials of interaction for stationary and moving polymeric media. Partition coefficients are found to increase with increasing reservoir penetrant pressure and to be higher in moving polymeric media than in stationary polymeric media. Partitioning was studied also as a function of concentration of facilitating sites which have an increased affinity for penetrants. Partition coefficients increased with increasing concentration of facilitating sites. The presence of a second penetrant species of normal affinity is found to affect the partitioning of species with a special affinity for facilitating sites. The partition coefficient for the penetrant species with special affinity for facilitating sites is lower in a mixture than when present as the only component. The partition coefficient of the penetrant species of normal affinity at intermediate mole fractions is higher in a mixture than when present as the only component.
Subspace Learning and Imputation for Streaming Big Data Matrices and Tensors (2015)

Extracting latent low-dimensional structure from high-dimensional data is of paramount importance in timely inference tasks encountered with “Big Data” analytics. However, increasingly noisy, heterogeneous, and incomplete datasets, as well as the need for real-time processing of streaming data, pose major challenges to this end. In this context, the present paper permeates benefits from rank minimization to scalable imputation of missing data, via tracking low-dimensional subspaces and unraveling latent (possibly multi-way) structure from incomplete streaming data. For low-rank matrix data, a subspace estimator is proposed based on an exponentially weighted least-squares criterion regularized with the nuclear norm. After recasting the nonseparable nuclear norm into a form amenable to online optimization, real-time algorithms with complementary strengths are developed, and their convergence is established under simplifying technical assumptions. In a stationary setting, the asymptotic estimates obtained offer the well-documented performance guarantees of the batch nuclear-norm regularized estimator. Under the same unifying framework, a novel online (adaptive) algorithm is developed to obtain multi-way decompositions of low-rank tensors with missing entries and perform imputation as a byproduct. Simulated tests with both synthetic as well as real Internet and cardiac magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) data confirm the efficacy of the proposed algorithms, and their superior performance relative to state-of-the-art alternatives.
V Alpha Gene Usage in Rheumatoid Compared with Osteoarthritic Synovial Tissue T Cells (1994)

While many investigators have examined V gene usage by the clonotypic T-cell receptor (TCR) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints, few have reported on arthritic controls. We compared TCR alpha-chain V gene usage in knee synovial tissue specimens from 9 RA and 5 osteoarthritis (OA) patients. There was no significant difference in the number of V gene families used in RA compared with OA synovium. However, there was an increased prevalence of V alpha 28, V alpha 10, V alpha 17, and V alpha 18 and under representation of V alpha 15 in RA compared with OA synovium. Of these, V alpha 28 was also recently described by us as being present in RA synovial tissue early in the course of disease. V alpha 28 associated J region usage, and N-regional diversity was surveyed in T-cell receptors from additional rheumatoid synovial tissue T-cell populations and normal peripheral blood. Oligoclonality was observed in 6/10 rheumatoid specimens either by direct sequencing or where three or more molecular clones were sequenced, compared with 0/5 normal PBMCs. The oligoclonal populations included 2/3 cell lines stimulated with interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone. Several novel J regions were observed, with some recurrent residues observed at N-region positions. These data indicate an increased prevalence of certain TCR V region families in RA versus OA synovium, and suggest an antigen-driven expansion of V alpha 28-expressing T cells in RA synovium.
Supplementary Table S1 from A Genetic Mouse Model of Invasive Endometrial Cancer Driven by Concurrent Loss of Pten and Lkb1 Is Highly Responsive to mTOR Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Summary of disease phenotypes.&lt;/p&gt;