gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization contrast neutron imaging of magnetic crystallographic phases (2022)

Non-destructive characterization methods to observe phase transformations and thus, gain insights to transformation mechanisms in representative volumes are key for the development of advanced materials and manufacturing. Conventional methods are constrained to the surface and small sizes, thus, access to the bulk often implies tedious destructive approaches and hinders in-situ observations of phase evolution. In this work, we introduce a non-destructive technique that overcomes key limitations prevailing today for mapping the spatial distribution of magnetic phases in bulk materials. The use of polarized neutrons, being sensitive to sub-percent fractions of ferromagnetic phases and able to penetrate centimeter sized samples, enables micrometer-scale spatial and second-scale time resolutions. We demonstrate ex-situ and in-situ quantitative mapping of magnetic phases, in particular the evolution of martensite induced by uniaxial- and biaxial deformation in metastable 304 steel. The quantitative results obtained during in-situ deformation testing prove polarization contrast neutron imaging to be particularly effective in detecting small fractions of martensite. Especially during early stages of deformation where neutron diffraction, which in contrast does not provide full field spatial resolution, fails. The short exposure times and high sensitivity renders the method well suited for rapid 3D tomographic mapping and/or operando investigations of phase distributions.
ChemInform Abstract: Hymenamides A and B, New Proline‐Rich Cyclic Heptapeptides from the Okinawan Marine Sponge Hymeniacidon sp. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In Vivo Recruitment of Hematopoietic Cells Using Stromal Cell–Derived Factor 1 Alpha–Loaded Heparinized Three-Dimensional Collagen Scaffolds (2008)

Implantable three-dimensional (3D) constructs to engineer tissue have great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine and immunotherapy. However, autonomous recruitment of cells into the engineered scaffold in vivo is hampered by lack of attracting scaffolds. As a first step to engineering immune tissue, 3D collagen scaffolds were investigated for their ability to enhance in vivo recruitment and growth of various hematopoietic cells. Scaffolds containing immobilized heparin to trap the stem cell chemo-attractant stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF1alpha) were implanted subcutaneously into C57Bl6 mice, and influx of cells was monitored using immunohistochemistry. Five weeks post-implantation, heparinized scaffolds were always populated by cells, but incorporating SDF1alpha considerably stimulated recruitment of cells. SDF1alpha could not exert this effect when the formation of a SDF1alpha gradient was abrogated. Scaffolds were mainly populated by CD11b+ and CD11c+ myeloid cells and fibroblasts. One week after implantation, scaffolds harbored only low numbers of cells. Apparently, not all CXCR4-expressing cells, like large numbers of granulocytes, migrate into the scaffold, but retransplantation of a 1-week-old scaffold from a CD45.2(+) into a CD45.1(+) mouse yielded a scaffold harboring mainly CD45.2(+) cells after 5 weeks. These data confirm that only a few progenitor cells are recruited early after implantation. These cells then proliferate and differentiate along different lineages and determine the outcome after 5 weeks.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Enhancement of Cancer Vaccine Therapy by Systemic Delivery of a Tumor-Targeting <i>Salmonella-</i>Based STAT3 shRNA Suppresses the Growth of Established Melanoma Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Enhancement of Cancer Vaccine Therapy by Systemic Delivery of a Tumor-Targeting &lt;i&gt;Salmonella-&lt;/i&gt;Based STAT3 shRNA Suppresses the Growth of Established Melanoma Tumors
Photo-induced and electrooptic properties of (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 films for optical memories (1993)

Abstract Photo-induced hysteresis changes and electrooptic effects in sol-gel Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) and (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 (PLZT) films have been studied in an effort to evaluate these materials for optical memory applications. The films exhibit two distinct, but related, types of photo-induced changes in their hysteresis behavior: 1) a photo-induced change in the coercive voltage and 2) a photo-induced suppression of the switchable polarization. Both types of photo-induced hysteresis changes are due to trapping of photo-generated charge carriers at sites which minimize internal depolarizing fields. The photo-induced changes are reproducible and stable and are, thus, suitable for optical memory applications. In addition, polarization-dependent changes in the refractive indices can be the basis of a nondestructive optical readout technique. To characterize these electrooptic effects, a waveguide refractometry technique has been used to independently determine field-induced changes in the ordinary and extraordina...
Optically-interconnected, hardware-efficient, electronic-photonic neural network using compact multi-operand photonic devices (2023)

Optical neural network (ONN) is a promising platform for implementing deep learning tasks thanks to the critical features of light, such as high parallelism, low latency, and low power consumption. Previous ONN architectures are mainly composed of arrays of single-operand photonic devices such as Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) or microring resonator arrays. However, as the size of deep neural networks (DNNs) continues to grow, these ONNs will encounter unnecessary hardware costs, such as large chip areas and high power consumption. In this work, we devise several compact customized multi-operand active photonic components for tensor operations, for example, multi-operand ring modulators, to reduce the hardware cost of optical AI accelerators. Furthermore, we propose ONN architectures based on these multi-operand active photonic components. Compared to previous ONNs based on single-operand MZI or microring arrays, our work uses fewer optical and electrical components to implement matrix multiplications with comparable task performance. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the utility of our proposed ONN architectures based on multi-operand photonic devices in several deep learning tasks.
Tl205NMR inTl2Ba2CuO6and thet-Jmodel (1990)

The $^{205}\mathrm{Tl}$ nuclear-spin--lattice relaxation rate in ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{6+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ has been measured as a function of temperature and oxygen content \ensuremath{\delta}. With a slight increase in oxygen content, ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ decreases from 80 to 0 K; samples with lower ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$'s have higher conductivities but slower Tl relaxation rates. The relaxation data closely resemble those for Cu(2) in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. Only 0.2% of Cu d spins in the Tl 6s orbital is needed to explain this result. In a simple model calculation we show that such an admixture is quite plausible. Essential is an asymmetric location of the ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{3+}$ ions in the crystal lattice. The Cu-spin-dominated relaxation process (which is not inconsistent with a two-band model) and the decrease in relaxation rate with increasing conductivity are in agreement with the t-J model.
HIV-1 Env trimer opens through an asymmetric intermediate in which individual protomers adopt distinct conformations (2018)

HIV-1 entry into cells requires binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) to receptor CD4 and coreceptor. Imaging of individual Env molecules on native virions shows Env trimers to be dynamic, spontaneously transitioning between three distinct well-populated conformational states: a pre-triggered Env (State 1), a default intermediate (State 2) and a three-CD4-bound conformation (State 3), which can be stabilized by binding of CD4 and coreceptor-surrogate antibody 17b. Here, using single-molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET), we show the default intermediate configuration to be asymmetric, with individual protomers adopting distinct conformations. During entry, this asymmetric intermediate forms when a single CD4 molecule engages the trimer. The trimer can then transition to State 3 by binding additional CD4 molecules and coreceptor.
A terminal sliding mode based torque distribution control for an individual-wheel-drive vehicle (2014)

This paper presents a torque distribution method for an individual-wheel drive vehicle, in which each wheel is controlled individually by its own electric motor. The terminal sliding mode technique is employed for the motion control so as to track the desired vehicle motion obtained by interpreting the driver's commands. Thus, finite-time convergence of the system's dynamic errors can be achieved on the terminal sliding manifolds, as compared to the well-used linear sliding surface. By considering nonlinear constraints of the tire adhesive limits, a simple yet effective distribution strategy is introduced to allocate the motion control efforts to each of the four wheels. Through the use of a high-fidelity CarSim full-vehicle model, vehicle stability and handling performance of the proposed controller is evaluated in both open-and closed-loop simulations.
Fracture and Subcritical Crack‐Growth Behavior of Y‐Si‐Al‐O‐N Glasses and Si 3 N 4 Ceramics (2000)

Fracture and environmentally assisted subcritical crack‐growth processes are examined in bulk Y‐Si‐Al‐O‐N oxynitride glasses with compositions typical of the grain boundary phase of silicon nitride ceramics. Both long‐crack (in compact tension specimens) as well as short‐crack behavior (using indentation techniques) were investigated to establish a reliable fracture toughness and to elucidate the anomalous densification behavior of the oxynitride glass. Environmentally assisted subcritical crack‐growth processes were studied in inert, moist, and wet environments under both cyclic and static loading conditions. Behavior is discussed in terms of the interaction of the environment with the crack tip. Likely mechanisms for environmentally assisted crack growth are discussed and related to the subcritical crack‐growth behavior of silicon nitride ceramics.
Tandem Epoxidation‐Alcoholysis or Epoxidation‐Hydrolysis of Glycals Catalyzed by Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide or Venturello’s Phosphotungstate Complex (2008)

Abstract Venturello’s phosphotungstate complex and titanium(IV) isopropoxide [Ti(O‐ i ‐Pr) 4 ] were successfully used as catalysts for the epoxidation‐alcoholysis of glycals using hydrogen peroxide [H 2 O 2 ]. Reaction substrates included a range of variously protected glycals and different alcohols were used as solvents. Ti(O‐ i‐ Pr) 4 was only effective in methanol as solvent, but gave methyl glycosides in high yields and high selectivities. The Venturello complex proved to be a very versatile and efficient catalyst. Apart from epoxidation‐alcoholysis in alcoholic solvents it also showed activity in biphasic conditions to allow for glycosylation of long‐chain alcohols and was very effective in the stereoselective dihydroxylation of benzylated glucal.
EF-01. DYNAMICS OF SPIN RELAXATION IN A FERROMAGNET BY ULTRAFAST LASER SPECTROSCOPY. (1998)

The study of real time dynamics of electrons in metals has become possible with the advent of ultrashort pulse (i.e., femtosecond) laser techniques. An impulse of photoexcitation (pump) displaces electrons from equilibrium, and their subsequent relaxation is monitored by measuring transient changes in the optical constants with time-delayed probe pulses. In this manner, information about electron-electron scattering, electron-phonon interaction, and hot electron transport has been obtained in simple metals (e.g., Ag. AI, Au). In strong contrast, direct information on spin and magnetization dynamics of such nonequilibrium electrons in a ferromagnetic metal is very scarce so it is appealing to extend ultrafast laser studies to such media for fundamental reasons as well as for practical purposes (e.g., for possible high speed magnetization switching). Recently, some efforts have been made to apply the time-resolved optical techniques to magnetic metallic systems. Vaterlaus er al. I employed time-resolved spin-polarized photoemission from a rapidly laser heated lattice to estimate a spin-lattice relaxation time for ferromagnetic Gd ( - 100psec). close to their experimental resolution. Beaurepaire et al.' studied the relaxation processes of electrons and their spins in ferromagnetic Ni on a picosecond timescale and interpreted their results in terms of an effective temperature model for the coupled spin-electron-lattice system. In the work reported here, we set up an initially spin-polarized photoexcited gas of electrons in a ferromagnetic metal film by interband excitation with circularly polarized femtosecond blue laser pulses (3 eV). As a model system we use the COR* (ordered) alloy which has been recently introduced as a candidate material for magneto-optical recording application^.^ The films possess perpendicular magnetic anisotropy which facilitates such selective excitation, applied at a modest level (typically - IOi8 electrons per cm3) so that the system overall is only weaked perturbed. The transient magneto-optical response is then recorded, specifically in terms of the transient magneto-Kerr ellipticity, as a function of magnetic field. We are able to clearly separate the spin dependent parts of the electron dynamics from the spin independent electron and lattice relaxation processes. Two distinct stages in the transient magnetization changes can be identified. The first of these concems the spin relaxation rate of hot, nonthermal electrons that takes place within about 600 fsec at room temperature; the second process involves equilibration of a thermalized gas of 'warm' spins with the lattice which requires approximately I5 psec at room temperature. Such results show how the experimental technique offers a general method for gaining insight into understanding the spin dynamics in photoexcited ferromagnetic systems.
Sensor-based Behavior Control for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (2009)

In this paper, we evaluate a set of core functions that allow an underwater robot to perform surveillance under operator control. Specifically, we are interested in behaviors that facilitate the monitoring of organisms on a coral reef, and we present behaviors and interaction modes for a small underwater robot. In particular, we address some challenging issues arising from the underwater environment: visual processing, interactive communication with an underwater crew and, finally, orientation and motion of the vehicle through a hovering mode. The visual processing consists of target tracking using various techniques (color segmentation, color histogram and mean shift). Communication underwater is achieved through printed cards with robustly identifiable visual markers on them. Finally, the hovering gait developed for this vehicle relies on the planned motion of six flippers to generate the appropriate forces.
A convenient synthesis of α,α′‐ homo‐ and α,α′‐hetero‐bifunctionalized poly(ε‐caprolactone)s by ring opening polymerization: The potentially valuable precursors for miktoarm star copolymers (2015)

ABSTRACT Two new ring opening polymerization (ROP) initiators, namely, (3‐allyl‐2‐(allyloxy)phenyl)methanol and (3‐allyl‐2‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)phenyl)methanol each containing two reactive functionalities viz . allyl, allyloxy and allyl, propargyloxy, respectively, were synthesized from 3‐allylsalicyaldehyde as a starting material. Well defined α‐allyl, α′‐allyloxy and α‐allyl, α′‐propargyloxy bifunctionalized poly(ε‐caprolactone)s with molecular weights in the range 4200–9500 and 3600–10,900 g/mol and molecular weight distributions in the range 1.16–1.18 and 1.15–1.16, respectively, were synthesized by ROP of ε‐caprolactone employing these initiators. The presence of α‐allyl, α′‐allyloxy and α‐allyl, α′‐propargyloxy functionalities on poly(ε‐caprolactone)s was confirmed by FT‐IR, 1 H, 13 C NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF analysis. The kinetic study of ROP of ε‐caprolactone with both the initiators revealed the pseudo first order kinetics with respect to ε‐caprolactone consumption and controlled behavior of polymerization reactions. The usefulness of α‐allyl, α′‐allyloxy functionalities on poly(ε‐caprolactone) was demonstrated by performing the thiol‐ene reaction with poly(ethylene glycol) thiol to obtain (mPEG) 2 ‐PCL miktoarm star copolymer. α‐Allyl, α′‐propargyloxy functionalities on poly(ε‐caprolactone) were utilized in orthogonal reactions i.e copper catalyzed alkyne‐azide click (CuAAC) with azido functionalized poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) followed by thiol‐ene reaction with poly(ethylene glycol) thiol to synthesize PCL‐PNIPAAm‐mPEG miktoarm star terpolymer. The preliminary characterization of A 2 B and ABC miktoarm star copolymers was carried out by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 844–860
Facile Access to Structurally Diverse Antimalarial Indoles Using a One‐Pot A3 Coupling and Domino Cyclization Approach (2023)

A multistep and diversity-oriented synthetic route aiming at the A<sup>3</sup> coupling/domino cyclization of o-ethynyl anilines, aldehydes and s-amines is described. The preparation of the corresponding precursors included a series of transformations, such as haloperoxidation and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions, amine protection, desilylation and amine reduction. Some products of the multicomponent reaction underwent further detosylation and Suzuki coupling. The resulting library of structurally diverse compounds was evaluated against blood and liver stage malaria parasites, which revealed a promising lead with sub-micromolar activity against intra-erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium falciparum. The results from this hit-to-lead optimization are hereby reported for the first time.
Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Callystatin A. (2004)

A convergent enantioselective synthesis of the natural product (−)-callystatin A (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;) is described. Key features of the synthesis include a\nlipase-mediated kinetic resolution to install the C5 lactone stereochemistry, a hydrozirconation-based approach to the C8−C9 trisubstituted\n(&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;)-olefin, and a stereoselective cross-coupling of a vinyl dibromide to install the C14−C15 trisubstituted (&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;)-olefin.
Supramolecular construction of a cyclobutane ring system with four different substituents in the solid state (2021)

Methods to form cyclobutane rings by an intermolecular [2 + 2] cross-photoreaction (CPR) with four different substituents are rare. These reactions are typically performed in the liquid phase, involve multiple steps, and generate product mixtures. Here, we report a CPR that generates a cyclobutane ring with four different aryl substituents. The CPR occurs quantitatively, without side products, and without a need for product purification. Generally, we demonstrate how face-to-face stacking interactions of aromatic rings can be exploited in the process of cocrystallization and the field of crystal engineering to stack and align unsymmetrical alkenes in CPRs to afford chiral cyclobutanes with up to four different aryl groups via binary cocrystals. Overall, we expect the process herein to be useful to generate chiral carbon scaffolds, which is important given the presence of four-membered carbocyclic rings as structural units in biological compounds and materials science.
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine for the Female Genitourinary System (2010)

The development of the ureters, bladder, and urethra starts at the caudal end of the embryo at the cloacal membrane and within the adjacent mesenchyme. Via differential growth rates of the adjacent mesenchyme, the distal primitive hindgut begins to form a dilated chamber known as the cloaca. To appreciate the development of the lower urinary tract andfemale perineum, one must understand the transition from the 4 mm (4-week) to the 36 mm (10-week) embryo as the cloaca is partitioned into anterior (urogenital) and posterior (rectal) components.
15-Deoxy-Δ12,1412,14-PGJ2 Induces IL-8 Production in Human T Cells by a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway (2002)

Mast cells, platelets, and some macrophages are abundant sources of PGD(2) and its active metabolite 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15-d-PGJ(2)). The lipid mediator 15-d-PGJ(2) regulates numerous processes, including adipogenesis, apoptosis, and inflammation. The 15-d-PGJ(2) has been shown to both inhibit as well as induce the production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and cyclooxygenase, mostly occurring via a nuclear receptor called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). Data concerning the effects of 15-d-PGJ(2) on human T cells and immune regulation are sparse. IL-8, a cytokine with both chemotactic and angiogenic effects, is produced by T lymphocytes following activation. Whether 15-d-PGJ(2) can regulate the production of IL-8 in T cells in unknown. Interestingly, 15-d-PGJ(2) treatment of unstimulated T cells induces cell death. In contrast, in activated human T lymphocytes, 15-d-PGJ(2) does not kill them, but induces the synthesis of IL-8. In this study, we report that 15-d-PGJ(2) induced a significant increase in both IL-8 mRNA and protein from activated human T lymphocytes. The induction of IL-8 by 15-d-PGJ(2) did not occur through the nuclear receptor PPAR-gamma, as synthetic PPAR-gamma agonists did not mimic the IL-8-inducing effects of 15-d-PGJ(2). The mechanism of IL-8 induction was through a mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-kappaB pathway, as inhibitors of both systems abrogated IL-8 protein induction. Therefore, 15-d-PGJ(2) can act as a potent proinflammatory mediator in activated T cells by inducing the production of IL-8. These findings show the complexity with which 15-d-PGJ(2) regulates T cells by possessing both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the activation state of the cell. The implications of this research also include that caution is warranted in assigning a solely anti-inflammatory role for 15-d-PGJ(2).
Mesage from the chairpersons (2015)

AMPS 2015, sponsored by the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society and organized by the TC39 “Measurements in Power Systems”, is the 6th edition of the international workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems. It is primarily focused on the analysis of measurement issues in modern electric power networks as well as on encouraging discussion among experts coming from academia, from industry and electric utilities.
Adaptive Multi‐Mode RF Front‐End Circuits (2010)

This chapter outlines the application of adaptivity to multi-standard low-power wireless radio-frequency (RF) circuits. It describes a multi-mode receiver concept in the framework of second- and third-generation communication standards. The chapter also describes the design of the adaptive quadrature down-converter circuits used in the experimental implementation. It presents the measurement results of the multi-mode test circuit and demonstrates that power consumption can be saved when adaptivity is employed in the multi-mode receiver. Controlled Vocabulary Terms converters; power utilisation; radio frequency; receivers
A 16-level/cell dynamic memory (1987)

A multilevel storage dynamic memory using a standard DRAM memory cell array is presented. A staircase word pulse and a charge-transfer preamplifier are used for converting binary data to multilevel storage voltages and vice versa. The 16-level (4-bit)/cell READ/WRITE operation has been confirmed at storage levels as low as 80-100 mV. The storage-level voltage accuracy is limited basically by subthreshold leakage current.