gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soluble interleukin-13rα1: a circulating regulator of glucose (2017)

Soluble IL-13 receptor-α1, or sIL13rα1, is a soluble protein that binds to interleukin-13 (IL-13) that has been previously described in mice. The function of sIL13rα1 remains unclear, but it has been hypothesized to act as a decoy receptor for IL-13. Recent studies have identified a role for IL-13 in glucose metabolism, suggesting that a decoy receptor for IL-13 might increase circulating glucose levels. Here, we report that delivery of sIL13rα1 to mice by either gene transfer or recombinant protein decreases blood glucose levels. Surprisingly, the glucose-lowering effect of sIL13rα1 was preserved in mice lacking IL-13, demonstrating that IL-13 was not required for the effect. In contrast, deletion of IL-4 in mice eliminated the hypoglycemic effect of sIL13rα1. In humans, endogenous blood levels of IL13rα1 varied substantially, although there were no differences between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. There was no circadian variation of sIL13rα1 in normal human volunteers. Delivery of sIL13rα1 fused to a fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain provided sustained glucose lowering in mice on a high-fat diet, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy. These data reveal sIL13rα1 as a circulating human protein with an unexpected role in glucose metabolism.
Code Tracking Algorithms for Mitigating Multipath Effects in Fading Channels for Satellite-Based Positioning (2007)

The ever-increasing public interest in location and positioning services has originated a demand for higher performance global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). In order to achieve this incremental performance, the estimation of line-of-sight (LOS) delay with high accuracy is a prerequisite for all GNSSs. The delay lock loops (DLLs) and their enhanced variants (i.e., feedback code tracking loops) are the structures of choice for the commercial GNSS receivers, but their performance in severe multipath scenarios is still rather limited. In addition, the new satellite positioning system proposals specify the use of a new modulation, the binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation, which triggers a new challenge in the code tracking stage. Therefore, in order to meet this emerging challenge and to improve the accuracy of the delay estimation in severe multipath scenarios, this paper analyzes feedback as well as feedforward code tracking algorithms and proposes the peak tracking (PT) methods, which are combinations of both feedback and feedforward structures and utilize the inherent advantages of both structures. We propose and analyze here two variants of PT algorithm: PT with second-order differentiation (Diff2), and PT with Teager Kaiser (TK) operator, which will be denoted herein as PT(Diff2) and PT(TK), respectively. In addition to the proposal of the PT methods, the authors propose also an improved early-late-slope (IELS) multipath elimination technique which is shown to provide very good mean-time-to-lose-lock (MTLL) performance. An implementation of a noncoherent multipath estimating delay locked loop (MEDLL) structure is also presented. We also incorporate here an extensive review of the existing feedback and feedforward delay estimation algorithms for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) signals in satellite fading channels, by taking into account the impact of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) as well as the newly proposed BOC modulation, more specifically, sine-BOC(1,1) (SinBOC(1,1)), selected for Galileo open service (OS) signal. The state-of-art algorithms are compared, via simulations, with the proposed algorithms. The main focus in the performance comparison of the algorithms is on the closely spaced multipath scenario, since this situation is the most challenging for estimating LOS component with high accuracy in positioning applications.
Thermodynamic Investigation into the Binding Properties of DNA Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle Probes and Molecular Fluorophore Probes* (2020)

Oligonucleotide functionalized gold nanoparticles, or nanoparticle probes, have become the basis for an increasing number of diagnostic applications that compete with molecular fluorophores in certain settings. Several studies have qualitatively determined that the presence of gold nanoparticle probes results in cooperative melting properties of the probe/target complex, which both sharpen and increase the melting transition of DNA-linked nanoparticle aggregates. Surprisingly, there have been no thermodynamic studies of such systems aimed at quantifying the differences between the binding properties of molecular fluorophore probes and gold nanoparticle probes. Binding of nanoparticle probes to a complementary target sequence modified with a molecular fluorophore resulted in quenching and decreased fluorescence intensity. Subsequent heating resulted in dissociation of the probe/target complex and an increase in fluorescence intensity, providing a way to spectroscopically monitor the melting transition.
Cellular Signaling and Innate Immune Responses to RNA Virus Infections (2008)

Table of Contents I. Introduction 1.Introduction and Overview, Allan R. Brasier, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, and Stanley M. Lemon II. Antiviral Signaling Pathways and Their Contributions to Virus Control and Pathogenesis 2.Role of Toll-Like Receptors in the Innate Immune Response to RNA Viruses, Sinead E. Keating and Andrew G. Bowie 3. Cytoplasmic Pattern Receptors and Signaling in Viral Infections, Osamu Takeuchi and Shizuo Akira 4. Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling, Vijay G. Bhoj and Zhijian J. Chen 5. Interferon Regulatory Factors and the Atypical IKK-Related Kinases TBK1 and IKK[e]: Essential Players in the Innate Immune Response to RNA Virus Infection, Meztli Arguello, Suzanne Paz, and John Hiscott 6. Jak-Stat Pathway in Response to Virus Infection, Joan E. Durbin 7. Interferons and Antiviral Action, Christine L. White and Ganes C. Sen 8. The Nuclear Factor-[k]B Transcription Factor Pathway, Amer A. Beg and Xingyu Wang 9. The Nuclear Factor-[k]B Signaling Network: Insights from Systems Approaches, Allan R. Brasier 10. Type I Interferon Signaling in Shaping Cellular Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Viral Infection, Christine A. Biron 11. Biological Impact of Type I Interferon Induction Pathways beyond Their Antivirus Activity, Bahram Razani, Arash Shahangian, Beichu Guo, and Genhong Cheng 12. Human Genetic Factors Involved in Viral Pathogenesis, Lennart Svensson and Elin Kindberg III. Activation and Evasion of Host Antiviral Signaling Pathways by RNA Viruses 13. RNA Virus Families: Distinguishing Characteristics, Differences, and Similarities, Peter W. Mason and Frank Scholle 14. Rhabdoviruses and Mechanisms of Type I Interferon Antagonism, Krzysztof Brzozka and Karl-Klaus Conzelmann 15. Filoviruses, Christopher F. Basler 16. Inhibition of Antiviral Signaling Pathways by Paramyxovirus Proteins, Antonella Casola, Xiaoyong Bao, Allan R. Brasier, and Roberto P. Garofalo 17. Suppression of Innate Immunity by Orthomyxoviruses, Randy A. Albrecht and Adolfo Garcia-Sastre 18. Bunyaviruses and Innate Immunity, Friedemann Weber and Richard M. Elliott 19. Arenaviruses, Juan C. de la Torre 20. Regulation of Innate Immunity by the Flaviviridae, Brenda L. Fredericksen and Michael Gale, Jr. 21. Evasion of Innate Host Antiviral Defenses by Picornaviruses, Stanley M. Lemon 22. Togaviruses, William B. Klimstra and Kate D. Ryman 23. Coronaviruses and Arteriviruses, Krishna Narayanan and Shinji Makino 24. Caliciviridae and Astroviridae, Susana Guix and Mary K. Estes 25. Innate Immune Responses Elicited by Reovirus and Rotavirus, Barbara Sherry, John T. Patton, and Terence S. Dermody IV. Summary and Perspectives 26. Summary and Perspectives, Allan R. Brasier, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, and Stanley M. Lemon
TU‐A‐17A‐02: In Memoriam of Ben Galkin: Virtual Tools for Validation of X‐Ray Breast Imaging Systems (2014)

This symposium will explore simulation methods for the preclinical evaluation of novel 3D and 4D x‐ray breast imaging systems – the subject of AAPM taskgroup TG234. Given the complex design of modern imaging systems, simulations offer significant advantages over long and costly clinical studies in terms of reproducibility, reduced radiation exposures, a known reference standard, and the capability for studying patient and disease subpopulations through appropriate choice of simulation parameters. Our focus will be on testing the realism of software anthropomorphic phantoms and virtual clinical trials tools developed for the optimization and validation of breast imaging systems. The symposium will review the stateof‐ the‐science, as well as the advantages and limitations of various approaches to testing realism of phantoms and simulated breast images. Approaches based upon the visual assessment of synthetic breast images by expert observers will be contrasted with approaches based upon comparing statistical properties between synthetic and clinical images. The role of observer models in the assessment of realism will be considered. Finally, an industry perspective will be presented, summarizing the role and importance of virtual tools and simulation methods in product development. The challenges and conditions that must be satisfied in order for computational modeling and simulation to play a significantly increased role in the design and evaluation of novel breast imaging systems will be addressed. Learning Objectives: Review the state‐of‐the science in testing realism of software anthropomorphic phantoms and virtual clinical trials tools; Compare approaches based upon the visual assessment by expert observers vs. the analysis of statistical properties of synthetic images; Discuss the role of observer models in the assessment of realism; Summarize the industry perspective to virtual methods for breast imaging.
Work Productivity and Activity Impairment in Patients with Common Gastrointestinal Motility and Sensory Disorders (2006)

Purpose: To assess work productivity and activity impairment in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic constipation (CC), functional dyspepsia (FD), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a primary care setting. Methods: The validated Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) index, adapted for GI diseases, was administered to 400 patients in the US between April and October 2005, with one of the following: IBS with constipation, CC, or FD (Rome II criteria), or GERD, as confirmed by their primary care physician. Patients were excluded if they had organic GI disease, underwent surgery that disrupted normal GI anatomy, or were ≤18 years of age. Scores were expressed as percent of impairment/productivity loss resulting from GI symptoms (higher scores indicated greater impairment and less productivity) and were compared between cohorts using Kruskal-Wallis and paired t-tests. Results: This study included 86 IBS, 39 CC, 36 FD, and 239 GERD patients. Mean age was 51 years, 69% of patients were women, 82% were white, and 67% worked at least part-time. IBS patients reported the greatest (30.9%) and GERD patients reported the smallest (16.8%) loss in overall work productivity attributed to GI symptoms, equivalent to losses of 1.5 and 0.8 days in a 40-hour workweek, respectively. All conditions caused significantly more presenteeism than absenteeism (18.3% vs 6.1%, p < 0.001). On average, CC patients reported the greatest impairment in daily activities.TableConclusions: Patients who visit primary care physicians with symptoms of IBS, CC, FD, or GERD experience considerable productivity loss and activity impairment. Patients with GERD reported the least impairment from their symptoms.
Electrostatic Purification of Mixed-Phase Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles (2018)

Although macroscopic metal–organic framework (MOF) single crystals have been routinely synthesized, undesired impurity phases are sometimes obtained in MOF nanoparticle (NP) syntheses, where purification remains challenging. Herein we report an electrostatic adsorption strategy to separate mixed phases of MOF NPs on the basis of their metal cluster-dependent surface charge differences. As a proof of concept, two groups of mixed-phase MOF NPs were synthesized and subsequently separated on the basis of their different Coulombic attraction to negatively charged magnetic beads (MBs). Different frameworks form on the basis of the conditions used. In the first group, a combination of three possible iron–terephthalate frameworks were evaluated: MIL-53, MIL-88B, and MIL-101 (MIL = Material Institute Lavoisier). In the second group, two zirconium–terephthalate frameworks were separated: MIL-140A and UiO-66 (UiO = University of Oslo). MIL-53 and MIL-140A are not positively charged and do not adsorb onto the MBs. The extraction of adsorbed MIL-88B, MIL-101, and UiO-66 MOF NPs from the MBs was achieved by adding 4-hydroxybenzophosphonate, a surface-capping ligand that neutralizes the charge of the MOF NPs and therefore results in their desorption from the MBs. The phase purities of the isolated NPs were verified by powder X-ray diffraction as well as scanning electron microscopy. This straightforward purification strategy provides quick access to phase-pure MOF NPs, which is important for their use as biological probes, catalysts, and building blocks for colloidal crystal engineering strategies.
Survivability architectures: issues and approaches (2002)

Survivability architectures enhance the survivability of critical information systems by providing a mechanism that allows the detection and treatment of various types of faults. In this paper, we discuss four of the issues that arise in the development of such architectures and summarize approaches that we are developing for their solution.
Molecular characterization of virus-induced autoantibody responses (2004)

Here we present a comprehensive molecular mapping of virus-induced autoimmune B cell responses obtained by serological identification of antigens by recombinant expression cloning analysis. Immunoscreening of cDNA expression libraries of various organs (lung, liver, and spleen) using sera from mice infected with cytopathic (vaccinia virus [VV]) or noncytopathic (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus [LCMV]) viruses revealed a broad specificity of the elicited autoantibody response. Interestingly, the majority of the identified autoantigens have been previously described as autoantigens in humans. We found that induction of virus-induced autoantibodies of the immunoglobulin G class largely depends on the CD40‐CD40L-mediated interaction between T and B cells. Furthermore, antibody titers against a number of autoantigens were comparable to the concomitantly induced antiviral antibody response. Comparison of serum reactivity against a selected panel of autoantigens after infection with VV, LCMV, or vesicular stomatitis virus showed that the different virus infections triggered distinct autoantibody responses, suggesting that virus infections may leave specific “autoantibody fingerprints” in the infected host.
Indefinite pronouns in Uralic languages (2015)

In this paper, different types of indefinite pronouns and adverbs that can occur in negative sentences in the Uralic languages will be described and discussed against a wider typological background. It will be shown that Uralic languages display the typological default strategy as to the interaction with sentential negation – Uralic indefinite pronouns and adverbs in negative contexts always require the presence of sentential negation – but do not show unity as to the type of indefinite used in negation. Four different types will be distinguished: neutral indefinites, negative polarity indefinites, and two types of negative indefinites: morphologically non-negative ones and morphologically negative ones.
QRM-MLD combined with MMSE-based multipath interference canceller for MIMO multiplexing in broadband DS-CDMA (2005)

This paper proposes maximum likelihood detection with QR decomposition and the M-algorithm (QRM-MLD) sophisticatedly combined with the multipath interference canceller (MPIC) based on multipath interference (MPI) replica generation exploiting two-dimensional minimum mean squared error (MMSE) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing in broadband DS-CDMA. Simulation results clarify that the proposed QRM-MLD coupled with MPIC exhibits excellent signal separation capability by sufficient MPI suppression effect through a three-stage MPIC comprising two-dimensional MMSE, followed by QRM-MLD associated with soft-decision Turbo decoding. We also show that the throughput values of 200,250, and 300 Mbps (corresponding frequency efficiency values are 5.0, 6.0, and 7.5 bits/sec/Hz, respectively) are achieved at the average received signal energy per bit-to-noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub b// N/sub 0/) of approximately 6.0,9.5, and 13.0 dB by QPSK with the coding rate of R = 8/9, 8PSK with R = 3/4, and 8PSK with R = 8/9, respectively in 4-by-4 MIMO multiplexing, for broadband DS-CDMA assuming a 40-MHz bandwidth in a six-path Rayleigh fading channel with the maximum Doppler frequency of 20 Hz.
Human Herpesvirus–6 Is Associated with Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Liver Transplant Recipients (2000)

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) may be a risk factor for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in posttransplant patients, possibly through a direct interaction or through a general immunomodulatory effect. To examine this possibility, 88 liver transplant recipients were monitored with serial HHV-6 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), CMV antigenemia, and CMV plasma viral load. HHV-6 infection was defined by a positive PCR of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Forty-eight (54.4%) of 88 patients had at least 1 positive HHV-6 PCR. CMV recurrence was significantly more common in patients with HHV-6 infection (38/48 patients [79. 2%]), compared with recurrence in those without HHV-6 infection (18/40 patients [45%]; P=.001). Peak CMV viral load was 24, 147+/-6799 copies/mL in patients with HHV-6 infection versus 8391+/-4598 copies/mL in patients without HHV-6 infection (P=.001). Symptomatic CMV disease was more common in patients with HHV-6 infection than it was in those without infection (15/48 patients [31. 3%] vs. 4/10 patients [10.0%]; P=.013). In a multivariate analysis including other risk factors for CMV, HHV-6 infection remained an independent risk factor for CMV disease (P=.013; odds ratio, 7.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-34.72). HHV-6 is associated with CMV infection and disease, thus supporting an interaction between these viruses.
Plasma urate level is directly regulated by a voltage-driven urate efflux transporter URATv1 (SLC2A9) in humans. VOLUME 283 (2008) PAGES 26834-26838 (2008)

On page 26834, in the last sentence of the Abstract, “Remunurate” should be “urate.”
Stress analysis and lifetime estimation on power MOSFETs for automotive ABS systems (2008)

Stress analysis and lifetime estimation are required in order to guarantee higher and higher levels of reliability of automotive power electronic devices. Stress analysis is oriented to investigate the effects of all the possible physical cause of failures, according to the defined device mission. On the basis of the stress analysis, and of a suitable reliability model a life time prediction can be performed. This is useful to predict the suitability of the device under evaluation to the prescribed mission, as well as to improve the design of new generations of devices. An experimental technique is exploited in this paper to evaluate the stress exerted on planar power MOSFETs designed to equip automotive ABS systems. The technique is based on an accurate experimental analysis of electro-thermal cycles, exploiting a laboratory tool tailored around an infrared microscope. It enables an high resolution dynamic temperature mapping with a large bandwidth. Such a tool makes also possible the evaluation of the effects of charge trapping phenomena occurring on power MOSFETS as result of unavoidable gate overvoltages. According to a reliability model based on the Coffin Manson law, finally it is shown that gate voltage spikes can dramatically reduce the expected life time.
Dissociative recombination coefficient for low temperature equilibrium cesium plasma (2002)

The dissociative recombination (DR) coefficient in decaying low temperature Cs plasma is calculated based on the experimentally measured relaxation time of decaying Cs plasma by L. P. Harris [J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1543 (1965)]. Results showed that DR is the dominant recombination process over three-body recombination at T&amp;lt;1650 K and PCs of 0.5–20 Torr (67–2666 Pa). The estimated DR coefficient for Cs is between 10−12 and 10−13 m3/s at T&amp;lt;1750 K and PCs of 0.5–20 Torr. Although theory predicts that DR coefficient solely depends on temperature, the present results show pressure dependency. For typical operating conditions in thermionic converters (T&amp;lt;1650 K and PCs⩽400 Pa), DR is constant and ∼5.26×10−13 m3/s.
VIRUSBreakend: Viral Integration Recognition Using Single Breakends (2021)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Novel Application of Closed-Fracture Acidizing (2011)

Summary The success of acid fracturing depends on the conductivity created and retained under closure stress in addition to the length of conductive fracture. The majority of acid-fracturing treatments show a sharp decline in conductivity with increasing closure stress, with almost no significant conductivity after a short production time. As a result, many wells are refractured to restore them to the original productivity after the initial fracture. However, the success of these refracture treatments has been diverse with respect to extent of stimulation. A new approach to overcome productivity decline of acid-fractured wells is to perform closed-fracture acidizing (CFA) at the appropriate time in the life of the well to keep fractures conductive. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of CFA on already-acid-fractured cores exposed to a certain level of closure stress. Indiana limestone cores were acidized with a typical acid system of 15 wt% hydrochloric acid (HCl) viscosified with a polymer under typical field conditions. After the first acidizing process, conductivity measurements were conducted on acid-etched core faces up to a certain closure stress. While the fracture was kept under the closure stress, a CFA treatment was conducted under the same conditions as the initial acidizing. The re-etched fractures were once again placed under different levels of closure stress, and conductivity measurements were taken at each stress. Experiments were conducted under different conditions of leakoff, polymer concentration, and closure stress after the first acidizing in order to determine the influence of these parameters on the refracturing conductivity. In all cases, CFA enhanced fracture-face etching, while it significantly increased fracture conductivity under closure stress. However, leakoff, polymer concentration, and closure stress did influence the degree of success of CFA. Leakoff allowance and lower polymer concentration resulted in the most enhanced fracture conductivity in comparison to the initial acid-fracturing process.