gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Hydrogen-Containing Sodium Alkoxides as Suitable Bases in Palladium-Catalyzed Aminations of Aryl Halides (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTβ-Hydrogen-Containing Sodium Alkoxides as Suitable Bases in Palladium-Catalyzed Aminations of Aryl HalidesMahavir Prashad, Bin Hu, Yansong Lu, Robert Draper, Denis Har, Oljan Repič, and Thomas J. BlacklockView Author Information Process Research & Development, Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 59 Route 10, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 8, 2612–2614Publication Date (Web):March 29, 2000Publication History Received20 December 1999Published online29 March 2000Published inissue 1 April 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo991949ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo991949abrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1413Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Organic reactions,Sodium,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Modelling Proton Transport Phenomena in Nanopores of Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers (2015)

Proton transport through nanoporous media is an important process in electrochemical energy conversion. Proton density and mobility in porous electrodes determine the proton conductivity as well as the rates of interfacial electrochemical processes. In the case of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), the foremost practical objective is to design porous electrodes or catalyst layers with high performance at markedly reduced platinum loading. Achieving this objective demands an understanding of the impact of composition and porous structure as well as surface structure and charging properties of pore walls on the proton density distribution. In the presented work, we consider simple pore geometries to study the concerted effects of ionomer structure and metal charging properties on proton density and transport in nanopores. The approach employs Poisson-Nernst-Planck theory. 1,2 The basic model system is a cylindrical pore with an ionomer shell. In one variant, we consider a core consisting of a solid metal rod. In another variant, we assume a random porous core that represents Pt/C aggregates. In both variants, the remaining pore space is filled with water. The set of ordinary differential equations for transport and reaction in these model structures is formulated and solved. Solutions are analysed by comparing potential and proton density distributions for varying pore geometries and charging properties at interfaces. The effectiveness factor of catalyst utilization is calculated to evaluate the electrocatalytic performance at the pore level. References [1] R.Coalson, and M.Kurnikova, Biological membrane Ion channels, Chap 13, Springer, NewYork (2001) [2] K.Chan and M. Eikerling, J. Electrochem. Soc. 158(1), (2011), B18-B28. Figure 1
Optimizing cache miss equations polyhedra (2000)

Cache Miss Equations (CME) [GMM97] is a method that accurately describes the cache behavior by means of polyhedra. Even though the computation cost of generating CME is a linear function of the number of references, to solve them is a very time consuming task and thus trying to study a whole program may be infeasible.In this work, we present effective techniques that exploit some properties of the particular polyhedra generated by CME. Such technique reduce the complexity of the algorithm to solve CME, which results in a significant speed-up when compared with traditional methods. In particular, the proposed approach does not require the computation of the vertices of each polyhedron, which has an exponential complexity.
A New Technique for Measuring Ferrite Core Loss Under DC Bias Conditions (2008)

It is well known that the measurement of ferrite core losses is difficult, particularly under low power factor conditions for which the excitation VA drawn is large relative to the power dissipated in the ferrite core. This paper proposes a new technique, called mutual inductance neutralization, which overcomes this difficulty by compensating for the reactive power drawn by the circuit through the use of an air cored mutual inductor. Based on the technique, circuits are presented which are appropriate for core loss measurement in the absence, and the presence of a dc bias. Measured results are presented which verify the accuracy of the technique, and results are also presented showing the effect of dc bias conditions on the losses of the ferrite core under test.
Coherent frequency transfer with < 5*10−21 stability via a multi-branch comb with noise cancellation (2022)

We demonstrate a multi-branch frequency comb for spectral purity transfer incorporating hardware enabled noise cancellation based on a cw noise transfer laser. We verify coherent frequency transfer at stabilities ≈ 2×10<sup>-18</sup> in 1 second and < 5×10<sup>-21</sup> in 10,000 seconds without any reference cavity.
A Comparative Study of the Mosquito Karyotypes (1970)

Chromosomal preparations from fourth instar larvae (prepupae) were studied to determine the karyotypes of four genera and eleven species of mosquitoes. Although the chromosome number is the same in all species investigated (2n=6), nevertheless distinct karyotypic differences among genera and species were observed.
Periodic leaky wave antenna for spoof plasmon radiation (2016)

In this paper, we present a compact methodology to design periodic leaky wave antennas that enable the radiation of spoof plasmon type surface waves. The approach is based on structurally modifying a flat corrugated reactance surface. In particular a properly engineered periodic perturbation is introduced that enables the excitation of the n = -1 spatial Floquet mode. This mode is characterized by a complex wavenumber whose real part is less than that of free space. As a result the guided spoof plasmons efficiently couple to radiating modes. Representative numerical experiments are performed that validate the proposed design methodology.
Microtomography applications in rock analysis and related fields (1999)

Rocks typical of petroleum reservoirs as well as model porous media have been examined by high resolution microtomography. The internal pore structure and the 3D-distribution of particular (solid or fluid) phases can be studied a posteriori using the tomography data. This type of information is useful for understanding the macroscopic behavior of rocks in terms of petrophysical properties and wettability. This work has been performed on a novel high resolution radiography and tomography system adapted onto an electron microprobe. Comparaison of electron microscope and microtomography data shows reliable reconstruction of external morphology. The system is capable of 2 micron resolution radiographic imaging and better than 10 micron resolution tomographic reconstruction. Interpretation problems similar to those encountered in medical scanners are found, albeit at a much smaller scale.
Mechanical Imaging - a Technology for 3-D Visualization and Characterization of Soft Tissue Abnormalities: A Review (2012)

Mechanical Imaging (MI) is a branch of Elastography. MI differs from conventional ultrasonic and MR elastography in that it evaluates soft tissue mechanical structure using stress data rather than dynamic or static strain data. MI closely mimics manual palpation because the MI probe with a force sensor array attached to its tip acts as a palpating finger. MI is intrinsically a three-dimensional imaging modality because the surface stress patterns obtained at different levels of tissue compression are defined by three-dimensional mechanical structure of the tissue. This review presents the biomechanical basis of MI and its applications for breast cancer screening, and the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions, the visualization and evaluation of prostate conditions, and for the characterization of vaginal wall elasticity.
Induction of the heat shock response of E. coli through stabilization of sigma 32 by the phage lambda cIII protein. (1987)

The cIII protein of phage lambda favors the lysogenic response to infection by inhibiting the degradation of the lambda cII protein, which exerts the primary control on the developmental decision for lysis or lysogeny. To study the mechanism and scope of cIII-mediated regulation, we have used plasmid systems to examine the specific effect of cIII overproduction on the growth of Escherichia coli and the synthesis of bacterial proteins. We have found that maximal production of cIII prolongs the heat-induced synthesis of E. coli heat shock proteins and provokes elevated production of heat shock proteins even at low temperature. The overproduction of heat shock proteins is correlated with a rapid inhibition of cell growth, as judged by measurements of optical density. We suggest that an overactive heat shock response inhibits bacterial growth, either because excessive production of one or more of the proteins is highly deleterious or because only heat shock promoters are transcribed efficiently. To examine the effect of cIII on sigma 32, the specificity factor for the heat shock response, we have studied the stability of sigma 32 in cells carrying both cIII- and sigma 32-producing plasmids; the half-life of sigma 32 is increased fourfold in the presence of cIII. We conclude that overproduction of cIII provokes the heat shock response by increasing the steady-state level of active sigma 32. These studies also support the concept that the rate of expression of heat shock proteins is directly correlated with the amount of active sigma 32 and that regulation of the stability of sigma 32 may be an important factor for control of the heat shock response.
Oligonucleotides damaged with Carcinogenic Aromatic Amines at the C8- and N6-Position of 2'-Deoxyadenosine (2008)

The synthesis of C8- and N(6)-adducts of 2'- deoxyadenosine with carcinogenic aromatic amines is described. Furthermore, the adducts were converted into their corresponding phosphoramidites. These were applied to solid phase DNA synthesis to obtain the site-specifically modified oligonucleotides that were characterized and investigated regarding melting temperature, circular dichroism spectra and in some cases by enzymatic degradation assays.
Talin1 and Rap1 Are Critical for Osteoclast Function (2012)

To determine talin1's role in osteoclasts, we mated TLN1(fl/fl) mice with those expressing cathepsin K-Cre (CtsK-TLN1) to delete the gene in mature osteoclasts or with lysozyme M-Cre (LysM-TLN1) mice to delete TLN1 in all osteoclast lineage cells. Absence of TLN1 impairs macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-stimulated inside-out integrin activation and cytoskeleton organization in mature osteoclasts. Talin1-deficient precursors normally express osteoclast differentiation markers when exposed to M-CSF and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) ligand but attach to substrate and migrate poorly, arresting their development into mature resorptive cells. In keeping with inhibited resorption, CtsK-TLN1 mice exhibit an ∼5-fold increase in bone mass. Osteoclast-specific deletion of Rap1 (CtsK-Rap1), which promotes talin/β integrin recognition, yields similar osteopetrotic mice. The fact that the osteopetrosis of CtsK-TLN1 and CtsK-Rap1 mice is substantially more severe than that of those lacking αvβ3 is likely due to added failed activation of β1 integrins. In keeping with osteoclast dysfunction, mice in whom talin is deleted late in the course of osteoclastogenesis are substantially protected from ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis and the periarticular osteolysis attending inflammatory arthritis. Thus, talin1 and Rap1 are critical for resorptive function, and their selective inhibition in mature osteoclasts retards pathological bone loss.
Graphene-based plasmonic nanocomposites for highly enhanced solar-driven photocatalytic activities (2019)

High-efficiency photocatalysts are crucial for the removal of organic pollutants and environmental sustainability. In the present work, we report on a new low-temperature hydrothermal chemical method, assisted by ultrasonication, to synthesize disruptive plasmonic ZnO/graphene/Ag/AgI nanocomposites for solar-driven photocatalysis. The plasmonic nanocomposites were investigated by a wide range of characterization techniques, confirming successful formation of photocatalysts with excellent degradation efficiency. Using Congo red as a model dye molecule, our experimental results demonstrated a photocatalytic reactivity exceeding 90% efficiency after one hour simulated solar irradiation. The significantly enhanced degradation efficiency is attributed to improved electronic properties of the nanocomposites by hybridization of the graphene and to the addition of Ag/AgI which generates a strong surface plasmon resonance effect in the metallic silver further improving the photocatalytic activity and stability under solar irradiation. Scavenger experiments suggest that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the photodegradation of Congo red. Our findings are important for the fundamental understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism of ZnO/graphene/Ag/AgI nanocomposites and can lead to further development of novel efficient photocatalyst materials.
COREDUCTION FOR THE PREPARATION OF URANIUM-RICH ALLOYS (1962)

Coreduction is compared with other methods for the preparation of U-rich alloys. The initial and reducing materials and the heat economy of the reaction are described. After a description of the reaction vessels, the procedure for carrying out the coreduction is sketched. Some research results which gave a summary of the adjustability and homogeneity of coreduced alloys are reported. (tr-auth)
Protein A Mimetic (PAM) Affinity Chromatography (2000)

Antibodies of the G class can be conveniently purified, even at large scale, by affinity chromatography using immobilized protein A or G. Because specific and cost-effective ligands are not available, scaling up purification of immunoglobin (Ig)M, IgA, and IgE still presents several problems. Protein A (1), which is widely used for the affinity purification of antibodies from sera or cell culture supernatants, does not recognize immunoglobulins of the M, A, and E classes well and is not used to capture and purify these immunoglobulins from crude sources. Recent works pointed out the possibility of using alternative ligands for the affinity purification of IgM. Immobilization of mannanbinding protein (MBP) on solid supports led to affinity media useful for IgM isolation based on a temperature-dependent interaction of the ligand with the immunoglobulins (2). The use of immobilized MBP for the purification of IgM is based on the adsorption in the presence of calcium at a temperature of 4°C, and the room temperature-dependent elution of adsorbed immunoglo bulins in the presence of ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA). This ligand shows low binding affinity for IgG, but binds to bovine and human IgM with reduced affinity than murine IgM. However, in addition to the complexity of MBP isolation, functional binding capacities of MBP columns are limited to 1 or 2 mg of IgM per milliliter of support. IgA, which is involved in the first specific defense against natural infection (3) and represents the second most abundant Ig in serum (4), can be purified by classical chromatographic approaches with an acceptable degree of purity. But several steps, such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration, are usually required (5,6). Lectin jacalin, isolated from jackfruit seeds (7), binds to IgA and can be conveniently used for the affinity purification of IgA from colostrum or serum (8). However, several aspects limit the use of this lectin for large-scale purification of monoclonal IgA from cell culture supernatants. First, jacalin is a biologically active lectin, being a potent T-cell mitogen and a strong B-cell polyclonal activator (9), thus requiring a careful control for ligand leakage into the purified preparation. Second, jacalin binds to the carbohydrate moiety of IgA, and D-galactose is required to elute IgA from affinity columns, which is costly and impractical for large-scale operations.
ChemInform Abstract: Plants from New Caledonia. Part 128. 17ξ‐Hydroxy‐dehydrovoachalotines, Novel Alkaloids from Alstonia undulata Guillaumin (Apocynaceae). (1989)

Abstract The structure of the title compounds (I) is determined by comparison of the spectral data with those of dehydrovoachalotine and by a short synthesis of (I) from vincamajine.
Effect of Saline Injection Mixing on Accuracy of Conductance Lumen Sizing of Peripheral Vessels (2013)

Transient displacement of blood in vessel lumen with saline injection is necessary in the conductance method for measurement of arterial cross-sectional area (CSA). The displacement of blood is dictated by the interactions between arterial flow hemodynamics and saline injection dynamics. The objective of the present study is to understand how the accuracy of conductance measurements is affected by the saline injection. Computational simulations were performed to assess the error in predictions of arterial CSA using conductance measurements over a range of peripheral artery diameters (i.e., 4, 7, and 10 mm) with an introducing catheter (6 Fr.) for various blood flow and saline injection rates. The simulation results were validated using the conductance measurements of the phantoms with known diameters (i.e., 7 and 10 mm). The results demonstrated that a minimum ratio of saline injection rate to blood flow rate of 3 is needed to fully displace the blood and result in accurate measurement of CSA for the peripheral artery sizes considered. Furthermore, the error was shown to be minimized as the detection electrodes are positioned between the distal to the mixing zone induced by saline injection and far downstream (4-8 cm from the injection catheter tip). The present study shows that even for the large peripheral arteries (7-10 mm) where mixing can occur, an appropriate injection rate and detection position can produce accurate measurement of lumen size.
Computing Hilbert Class Polynomials. (2008)

Abstract. We present and analyze two algorithms for computing the Hilbert class polynomial HD. The first is a p-adic lifting algorithm for inert primes p in the order of discriminant D &amp;lt; 0. The second is an improved Chinese remainder algorithm which uses the class group action on CM-curves over finite fields. Our run time analysis gives tighter bounds for the complexity of all known algorithms for computing HD, and we show that all methods have comparable run times. 1
Towards automated molecular detection through simulated generation of CMOS-based rotational spectroscopy (2023)

The use of CMOS sensors for rotational spectroscopy is a promising, but challenging avenue for low-cost gas sensing and molecular identification. A main challenge in this approach is that practical CMOS spectroscopy samples contain various different noise sources that reduce the effectiveness of matching techniques for molecular identification with rotational spectroscopy. To help solve this challenge, we develop a software application tool that can demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of detection with CMOS sensor samples. Specifically, the tool characterizes the types of noise in CMOS sample collection and synthesizes spectroscopy files based upon existing databases of rotational spectroscopy samples gathered from other sensors. We use the software to create a large database of plausible CMOS-generated sample files of gases. This dataset is used to help evaluate spectral matching algorithms used in gas sensing and molecular identification applications. We evaluate these traditional methods on the synthesized dataset and discuss how peak finding and spectral matching algorithms can be altered to accommodate the noise sources present in CMOS sample collection.
Abstract OEC101: Cardiac Reprogramming Inducer ZNF281 Is Indispensable For Heart Development By Interacting With Key Cardiac Transcriptional Factors (2022)

During direct cardiac reprogramming, cardiogenic transcription factors (TFs) cooperatively reshape the epigenomic landscape by activating cardiac enhancers, which describe a common epigenetic signature between in vitro cardiac reprogramming and in vivo heart development. We thus hypothesized that direct reprogramming could be a useful tool to study novel transcriptional regulators in heart development. To test this hypothesis, we focused on ZNF281/Zfp281(Zinc finger protein 281), a pluripotency regulator which showed up as an unexpected strong cardiac reprogramming inducer from our previous unbiased screen. Since Zfp281 is an essential factor for epiblast maturation, we established a Zfp281 floxed mouse line using CRISPR/Cas9 system to study the impact of Zfp281 after cardiac lineage commitment. We then generated multiple conditional Zfp281KO (cKO) mouse lines by crossing with different stage-specific Cre driver lines. Surprisingly, we found that mesodermal (Mesp1-Cre) Zfp281cKO mice were embryonic lethal as early as E9.5, associated with various cardiac anomalies. In contrast, cardiac progenitor (Nkx2-5-Cre) and cardiomyocyte (Myh6-Cre) Zfp281cKO mice survived to adulthood and appeared grossly normal, suggesting a crucial role of Zfp281 in mesodermal to cardiac differentiation. Next, we performed RNA-seq analysis to study the molecular mechanism of Zfp281 deficient cardiac anomalies. Interestingly, expression of cardiac TFs and sarcomeric genes were altered in Zfp281cKO embryos compared to control siblings. Consistently, co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed direct interaction of Zfp281 with Mesp1 and Gata4. These data indicate that Zfp281 directly interacts with cardiac TFs to cooperatively orchestrate the cardiogenic transcriptional network. In conclusion, by using multiple genetic mouse models, we discovered that cardiac reprogramming inducer Zfp281 plays a pivotal role in heart development. Although GWAS studies have identified various disease-causing mutations, the etiology for the majority of congenital heart disease remains largely unknown and there are still such missing pieces to be uncovered in the interdependent cardiogenic transcriptional network. Our study demonstrates and highlights the impact and possibility of direct reprogramming as a novel approach to study cardiovascular biology.