gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structures of (2S,3S)-(-)-Tartranilic Acid and 3-Naphtyl Derivative (2005)

The title compounds, (2S,3S)-tartranilic acid and its novel 3-naphtyl substituted derivative, were synthesized, and the crystal structures were determined. The molecules have a common twisted structure consisting of a propanoic moiety, which is essentially identical to those of the previous tartaric acids and its monoamide. In the crystal structures, the hydrogen bonds form an infinity planar network for tartranilic acid, and an infinity helical network for the 3-naphtyl derivative.
Electromagnetic induction heating for cold wall rapid thermal processing (2002)

Electromagnetic Induction Heating is a novel heating technique by which shallow implanted dopants can be activated with minimal movement of the as implanted profile. Silicon wafers can be directly heated, without the use of a susceptor, in the RF (13.56 MHz), microwave (2.45 GHz), or millimeter wave (30.5 GHz) regimes. Heating rates of at least 125/spl deg/C/sec have been achieved and are shown along with temperature vs. power plots in the different frequency ranges. SIMS profiles of as implanted and EMIH annealed boron implants show that considerable activation can be achieved with no diffusion of the junction depth. Post-anneal junctions with sheet resistances that meet the 100 nm technology node and that, with optimization, may meet the 70 nm technology node have been realized. It is suspected that the high frequency electric fields present during annealing provide an additional driving force toward dopant activation, allowing for higher activation at lower temperatures.
151 MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION, STRAIN AND PRE-CONTRAST T1 VALUES IN MODERATE ASYMPTOMATIC AORTIC STENOSIS (2013)

Introduction In severe aortic stenosis (AS) myocardial perfusion and myocardial strain (in particular longitudinal strain-LS) are reduced. Reduced myocardial perfusion in severe AS is thought to occur in the subendocardium due to increased LV pressure, leading to reduced LS and increased fibrosis. Our group previously showed a good correlation between pre-contrast T1 values using SHMOLLI (Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery) sequence and histological quantification of diffuse fibrosis in severe AS. We hypothesised that impaired myocardial perfusion in patients with moderate AS would relate to impaired LS and increased pre-contrast T1 values (reflecting more diffuse fibrosis). Methods 31 patients (8 female) with asymptomatic moderate AS (by echo criteria) and normal ejection fraction were recruited. All subjects underwent CMR scanning at 1.5T for pre-contrast T1-mapping using the ShMOLLI sequence, stress and rest perfusion imaging, tagging and valve assessment. Average T1 values were analysed on a per-case basis. Perfusion scans were analysed to determine the myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) and tagging to determine strain. Results All patients (average age 67±12 years) underwent CMR scanning at 1.5 T. The average MPRI was 1.3±0.4. Average T1 values were 956±32 ms. There was a significant correlation between MPRI and LS (&lt;0.05, r=−0.4, figure 1) but not circumferential strain (CS). Average LS was −11.1%±2%, average CS was −17%±3%. There was also a significant correlation of MPRI with aortic valve area (as measured by CMR planimetry mean (1.7±0.4 cm 2 , p&lt;0.05 r=0.4). There was no significant correlation between MPRI and pre-contrast T1 values. Pre-contrast T1 values correlated strongly with LV mass (mean 147±40 g) (r=0.4 p&lt;0.01) and peak aortic velocity (mean 3.1±0.4 m/s) (p&lt;0.0001 r=0.5). Conclusions In moderate AS, there is a significant correlation between reduced MPRI and impaired longitudinal but not circumferential strain. This supports the hypothesis that impairment of myocardial perfusion predominantly affects the subendocardial longitudinal myocardial fibres (rather than the mid-wall circumferential fibres) in moderate AS. The exact relationship of perfusion and diffuse fibrosis in moderate AS is yet to be fully established. In this study pre-contrast T1 values (as a surrogate marker for diffuse fibrosis) were not affected by changes in myocardial perfusion.
Time delayed teleoperation using wave variables on multiple degree-of-freedom systems (2005)

Time delay is a serious problem for bilateral teleoperation systems. Even a small time delay in a bilateral teleoperation system will generally degrade the system's performance and cause instability. An important approach that guarantees stability for any fixed time delay is the wave variable method. In this paper we present some recent material dealing with teleoperation systems using wave variables. In particular, we describe a wave variable scheme based on a family of scaling matrices for multiple degree-of-freedom bilateral teleoperation system. We include a derivation of a larger family of scaling matrices that will guarantee the system remains stable for a fixed time delay. A multiple degree-of-freedom bilateral teleoperation system using the new wave variable method is simulated using a SIMULINK model.
Nanodiamond–PMO for two-photon PDT and drug delivery (2016)

In this article, we highlight the properties of nanodiamonds (ND), which were encapsulated in periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (PMO) and were able to generate reactive oxygen species for photodynamic applications upon two-photon excitation (TPE). The ND@PMO nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques and were then loaded with the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. The release of the drug was pH sensitive and a synergistic cancer cell killing effect was observed when cancer cells were incubated with doxorubicin-loaded ND@PMO and irradiated with two-photon excitation at 800 nm.
Performance and carcass merit of growing beef steers with chlortetracycline-modified sensitivity to pituitary releasing hormones and fed two dietary protein levels. (2000)

This paper reports the effects of reduced sensitivity to growth hormone-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone through feeding a subtherapeutic level of chlortetracycline (CTC; 350 mg CTC/d) and two levels of dietary CP (10% and 13% of diet DM) on growth performance and carcass merit characteristics. Thirty-two steers (initial average BW, 286 kg) were adapted to a common 13% CP diet consisting primarily of grass hay, corn, and soybean meal fed to gain 1.25 kg/d. The steers were assigned to four treatments (with or without CTC and 10% or 13% dietary CP in a factorial arrangement) and fed ad libitum amounts of diet for 91 d. Feed intake was determined daily and steers were weighed weekly. Steers were killed at the end of the feeding period for carcass merit determinations. Efficiency of BW gain was greater (P < .05) for steers fed the 13% CP diet than for the 10% CP diet and tended to be less for CTC-steers when the 10% CP diet was fed and greater for the CTC-steers when the 13% CP diet was fed (CTC x dietary CP interaction, P < .10). Feeding CTC increased (P < .01) fat over the longissimus muscle and marbling. This study is interpreted to indicate that the sustained effect of subtherapeutic feeding of CTC to cattle appears to increase fat deposition consistent with a reduced growth hormone and thyroid status reported earlier for these same steers. This would tend to increase energy utilization but may not necessarily produce a measurable increase in BW gain.
Frequency modulation response of tunable two-segment distributed feedback lasers (1989)

We describe for the first time the theory of frequency modulation (FM) response in distributed feedback (DFB) lasers with two active segments. FM response is enhanced due to two-segment operation; the enhancement decreases at higher modulation frequencies and higher photon densities. Bandwidth of the response can extend to the multigigahertz range. The FM response is dramatically different in lasers operating in the red- and blue-shifted static tuning regimes. We find good agreement between the theory and our measurements of multigigahertz FM response of two-segment DFB lasers.
Increased Expression of Herpes Virus-Encoded hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p in Cancer-Containing Prostate Tissue Compared to That in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Tissue (2016)

[This corrects the article on p. 122 in vol. 20, PMID: 27377944.].
Molecular Dynamics of Electronic Energy Transfer: Quenching of Na(32P3/2) Atoms by NO Molecules (1977)

The collisional quenching of electronically excited alkali atoms has long served as a prototype for nonadiabatic processes. Many of these studies have been total quenching cross section measurements for collisions of excited Na(32P) atoms with rare gas atoms and diatomic molecules (1). Recently, relative rates of transfer of energy from excited Na atoms into individual vibrational levels of CO molecules have been measured by infrared absorption (2) and the recoil velocities of quenched Na atoms inelastically scattered from several small molecules have been determined in a molecular beam scattering experiment (3). Neither of these studies has provided any information on the detailed mechanism for energy transfer or on the partitioning of internal energy between vibration and rotation. At this Meeting, we report initial results from a crossed molecular beam study of the process Na(32P3/2) + NO(O,J) → Na(32S1/2) + NO(v1,J1) in which both scattering angle and product velocity distributions
Sequence variants within exon 1 of MECP2 occur in females with mental retardation. Am J Medical Genetics Part B (Neuropsychiatric Genetic) 144B:355–360 (2007) (2007)

When this article was originally published, Anand K. Srivastava's name appeared incorrectly in the byline. The correct spelling appears above.
Labeling and Imaging Techniques for Quantification of Therapeutic Biologics (2015)

Abstract This chapter discusses considerations on the choice of different labels suitable for various detection and imaging methods. It describes labeling methods of protein therapeutics in terms of direct versus indirect methods and in terms of radiohalogens (e.g., radioiodine), trivalent cation radiometals (e.g., indium, copper, and zirconium), and fluorophores. The chapter provides a guide for scientists to find the optimal combination of labeling techniques and labels suitable for pharmaceutical application. The chapter also discusses the advantages and the limitations of the labeling method. It emphasises on the use of numerous imaging techniques for assessing the pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution of biologic proteins, with a focus on positron emission tomography (PET) and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and a brief discussion of the role of optical imaging (OI) in this application. Biodistribution studies for biologics are routinely carried out using radioactive iodine isotopes.
Hypercoagulability and Platelet Abnormalities in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2015)

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit a threefold higher risk for development of systemic thrombosis than the general population. Although the underlying causes of the increased risk for thrombus development remain poorly understood, there is a large body of evidence suggesting that abnormalities in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet function may contribute to this response. Changes in hemostatic biomarkers are consistent with subclinical activation of coagulation system, including tissue factor activation, impaired protein C pathway, enhanced thrombin generation, and diminished fibrinolytic capacity. There is also evidence for an increased production and reactivity of platelets, with an enhanced formation of platelet-platelet and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. The altered coagulation and platelet function, and the predisposition to thrombus formation have also been demonstrated in animal models of IBD. The animal studies have revealed a major role for inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, as mediators of the platelet abnormalities and enhanced thrombus development in experimental IBD. These findings in animal models raise hope for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce thrombosis-related mortality in IBD patients.
TNT-3/IL-4 and TNT-3/GM-CSF Fusion Proteins for the Promotion of Intratumoral DC Maturation and Initiation of Adaptive Tumor Immunity (2005)

s: Abstracts for the 20th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer (Primary Authors are Italicized): CYTOKINES: BIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS
Immunobiologic differences between normal and leukemic human B-cell precursors. (1988)

The early stages of normal human B-cell differentiation were studied by flow cytometry and cell sorting based on expression of CD10 (CALLA) and CD19 antigens in fetal liver. Both CD10+ CD19+ and CD10+ CD19- precursor populations proliferated in vitro to form B-cell precursor colonies under stimulation from low molecular weight B-cell growth factor (L-BCGF) or recombinant interleukin 3 but did not respond to high molecular weight B-cell growth factor (H-BCGF). The colonies derived from the CD10+ CD19- fraction showed induction of CD19 expression in 10-50% of growing cells, suggesting that CD10 expression precedes CD19 expression in B-cell ontogeny. This hypothesis was corroborated by less-differentiated marker profiles of the progeny of CD10+ CD19- B-cell precursors as compared to CD10+ CD19+ B-cell precursors in BCGF-stimulated cultures and by higher percentages of CD10+CD19- versus CD10-CD19+ B-cell precursors. CD19 crosslinking on normal fetal liver or bone marrow B-cell precursors was associated with an increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, but was inhibitory for colony formation. Leukemic B-cell precursors from acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) differed from normal B-cell precursors in their in vitro proliferative responses, since (i) they responded not only to L-BCGF and rIL-3 but also to H-BCGF and (ii) their proliferation was stimulated rather than inhibited by CD19 crosslinking. A clonogenic leukemic counterpart for the CD10+CD19- normal B-cell precursor population does not exist among malignant cells from B-cell precursor ALL patients, suggesting that the CD19 receptor may be involved in leukemogenesis of human B-cell precursor ALL.
Estimation of life time of clusters in liquid metals; Otsenka vremeni zhizni klasterov v zhidkikh metallakh (1995)

Methods for estimating the life time of ordered microregions (clusters) in liquid metals is developed within the framework of a liquid state cluster model using the basic provisions of the molecular-kinetic gas theory. The cluster life time ({tau}{sub cl}) makes up 10{sup -8}-1-{sup -7} value (for liquid metals) under relatively low overheating of them at temperatures exceeding the melting points. The life times of density thermodynamic fluctuations ({tau}{sub fl}) are considered as well. Calculated values of {tau}{sub cl}, N{sub cl} (the number of atoms in a cluster) and R{sub cl} (cluster radius) for a series of liquid metals including Li, Na, K, Cs, V, Cd, In are presented. 31 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
REMOTE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE MONITORING (1989)

The Iowa State University Civil and Construction Engineering Department has initiated a demonstration of pavement instrumentation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Iowa Department of Transportation. The paper outlines the procedures used to establish the project location, select the software and hardware, and complete the installation of more than 120 sensors in a 40-ft segment of I-80. Moisture and density of the base are measured by nuclear means. Temperature of slab and base, strains in the pavement and on the dowels, and deflections of the pavement are monitored. The entire system is triggered by the use of a piezoelectric weigh-in-motion system. Information from the site will provide the research team with a way to monitor the performance of pavement in the field under actual traffic and environmental conditions. The site is unique in that all the electronic sensors will be controlled from a site some 150 miles away and will utilize microcomputers to perform the controls. The problems and results associated with that installation are described.
Stepwise Direct Synthesis of Aluminosilicate Mesoporous Materials for Catalyst Supports (2006)

メソポーラスアルミノシリケート (AlMS) を2種類の方法で調製した。AlMSの “段階的直接合成法” においては, アルミニウムを細孔壁表面あるいは近傍に導入しイオン交換サイトを発現させることを目的として, ケイ酸ナトリウムと界面活性剤混合物の第一段階熟成を行った後, アルミン酸ナトリウムを加えて第二段階熟成を行った。 “段階的直接合成法” で調製したAlMSのほとんどのアルミニウム原子は骨格内に取り込まれた4配位サイトに位置しており, AlMSのメソ細孔はヘキサゴナルな配列を有している。AlMS上の吸着ピリジンのFT-IRスペクトルから, 従来の直接合成法で調製したAlMSよりも “段階的直接合成法” で調製したAlMSのほうが, ルイス酸に対するブレンステッド酸の比が高いことが明らかになった。それぞれのAlMSを担体とした銅イオン交換AlMS (Cu/AlMS) を調製し, COによるNOの還元反応に対する活性を評価した。 “段階的直接合成法” で調製したCu/AlMSは銅種が凝集することなくNO還元反応に対して高い活性を示すことが明らかになった。
Creation of a Novel Class of Potent and Selective MutT Homologue 1 (MTH1) Inhibitors Using Fragment-Based Screening and Structure-Based Drug Design (2018)

Recent literature has both suggested and questioned MTH1 as a novel cancer target. BAY-707 was just published as a target validation small molecule probe for assessing the effects of pharmacological inhibition of MTH1 on tumor cell survival, both in vitro and in vivo. (1) In this report, we describe the medicinal chemistry program creating BAY-707, where fragment-based methods were used to develop a series of highly potent and selective MTH1 inhibitors. Using structure-based drug design and rational medicinal chemistry approaches, the potency was increased over 10,000 times from the fragment starting point while maintaining high ligand efficiency and drug-like properties.
Broadband and Polarization-Independent Efficient Vertical Optical Coupling With 45° Mirror for Optical I/O of Si Photonics (2016)

Efficient, broadband, and polarization-independent optical input/output (I/O) coupling of silicon photonics chips is significant for its practical application, and single-mode vertical optical I/O coupling will be necessary for high-density optical I/O connections required in future high-performance computing systems. We demonstrated such optical coupling using a 45° mirror, which was integrated by a cost-effective dicing technique with a polishing process. The 45° mirrors were integrated into Si-rich silica (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) waveguides on a Si substrate. To evaluate the light beam profile, which was important factor for the single-mode optical coupling, we measured near field patterns and far field patterns of light beams reflected by the 45° mirror. Owing to the polishing process, high-quality single-mode beams were successfully obtained as the vertical optical output. Using the fabricated 45° mirrors, the efficient single-mode vertical optical coupling with loss penalty of around 0.3 dB was demonstrated. The wavelength-dependent loss was less than 0.6 and 0.2 dB for TE and TM polarization, respectively. The polarization-dependent loss was also very small and it was less than 0.2 dB in 1500–1600 nm.
Acoustical Society of America Helmholtz-Rayleigh Interdisciplinary Silver Medal in Physical Acoustics, Biomedical Acoustics, and Engineering Acoustics: Armen Sarvazyan (2016)

The Silver Medal is presented to individuals, without age limitation, for contributions to the advancement of science, engineering, or human welfare through the application of acoustic principles, or through research accomplishment in acoustics.
Feasible region for a countercurrent cascade of vapor‐liquid CSTRS (2002)

Abstract The attainable region approach for reaction‐mixing systems was applied to systems with simultaneous reaction and separation. A model developed for a countercurrent cascade of two‐phase CSTRs can be considered as a surrogate for the stripping or rectifying sections of a reactive distillation column. An overall composition vector defined satisfies the same geometric properties as the reaction vector. The necessary conditions for the reaction‐mixing attainable region were applied to the cascade of two‐phase CSTRs. This article focuses only on the countercurrent cascade of two‐phase CSTRs; therefore, the region identified is a feasible region, which is a subset of the attainable region for reaction‐separation systems. For consecutive reactions, the boundary of the feasible region is given by the trajectory for a cocurrent cascade of two‐phase CSTRs. The overall composition vector for the cocurrent cascade of two‐phase CSTRs is tangent to the trajectory. For single reversible reactions, the attainable region for single‐phase reactors is significantly expanded by using a countercurrent cascade of vapor‐liquid CSTRs. Two examples used are transalkylation of toluene and the synthesis of isopropyl acetate.
3D Numerical Study of Pressure Loss Characteristics and Filtration Efficiency through a Frontal Unplugged DPF (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of partial filtration DPF substrates using 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. Detailed 3-D CFD simulations were performed for real world sizes of DPF inlet and outlet channel geometries. Two concepts of partial filters were studied. The baseline geometry was a standard DPF with the front plugs removed. The second concept was to eliminate half of outlet plugs in addition to the inlet plugs to improve the pressure drop performance. The total filter efficiency was defined in current study to quantify the overall filter filtration efficiency which combines the effects from wall flow efficiency and flow through efficiency. For baseline case, 45% of total exhaust gas was found to go through the inlet channels, and the total trap efficiency was as high as 60%. However, only a 10% pressure loss reduction was found due to the removal of the outlet channel plugs from the DPF inlet side. With the further reduction of the number of inlet channel plugs by 50%, the pressure loss can be reduced from 3kPa to 1.6 kPa while still maintaining a 40% total PM trapping efficiency. The effects of wall permeability, DPF length and total exhaust mass flow were also investigated. Additionally, the percentage of exhaust flow going through inlet channels and total filtration efficiency increase as a function of wall permeability, DPF channel length and total exhaust mass flow rate were studied.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A PROSPECTIVE MULTI-CENTER TRIAL TO EVALUATE PERFORMANCE OF A NOVEL SHAPE LOCKING ENDOSCOPIC GUIDE TO FACILITATE COLONOSCOPY (2003)

s Submitted for the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology October 10-15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland: ENDOSCOPY: PDF Only