gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards intermediate-band solar cells with InAs/AlAsSb quantum dots (2013)

The effects of GaAs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> thin cladding layers on the structural and optical properties of InAs self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) embedded in AlAs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.56</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.44</sub> barriers were investigated. A cladding layer configuration of a layer of GaAs beneath the SAQDs, and a GaAs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.95</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.05</sub> capping layer above improves SAQD morphology and enhances photoluminescence intensity. Power-dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence were used to confirm the existence of type-II band alignment. The properties shown by this quantum dot system have great potential for intermediate band solar cell applications.
Abstract 211: Automated and Non-invasive Estimation of QT Interval from Microscopy Images of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (2014)

A promising application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is the generation of patient-specific cardiomyocytes (CMs), which can be used for drug development and safety testing related to cardiovascular health. iPSC-derived CMs can be used for preclinical testing of new drugs that may cause drug-induced arrhythmia or long QT syndrome, as well as post-market safety testing of existing drugs. The measurement of QT interval for iPSC-derived CMs is commonly analyzed using electrophysiological potentials captured by a micro-electrode array (MEA). While such systems are the current standard for characterization, they can be expensive and low-throughput, require high cell plating density, and due to the direct contact between cells and electrodes, may cause undesirable cellular response. Here, we present a new method to non-invasively measure the QT-interval in iPSC-derived CMs using video microscopy and computer vision analysis. Our algorithms can reliably and automatically extract beating signal characteristics such as frequency, irregularity, and duration through image analysis of cardiomyocyte motion. Through a correlative study with MEA, we demonstrate that a non-invasive measurement of QT interval can be derived from the duration of visible cellular motion that occurs during contraction and relaxation. We also show that our system can accurately characterize the cellular response from the addition of compounds known to modulate beating frequency and irregularity. Our measurement technique is robust, automated, and requires no physical or chemical contact with the cells, making it ideal for cardiovascular drug development and cardiotoxicity testing.
Organic micropollutant removal during river bank filtration: batch studies (2012)

Organic micropollutant (OMP) removal during river bank filtration (RBF) under oxic conditions was simulated in a batch experiment. A cocktail of 16 OMPs, with varying physico-chemical properties, was dosed to try to relate OMP removal behavior to these properties. An indication for the biodegradation potential of the OMPs was obtained by comparing a batch filled with sand and river water to a batch filled with sand, river water and sodium azide (NaN3) as biocide. It is concluded that all charged, both positive and negative compounds, are biodegraded. For neutral compounds there is no clear trend visible for biodegradation potential: metolachlor, diuron, caffeine and lincomycin (Log D ranging from -0.64 to 3.44) are neutral and biodegraded. Atrazine, carbamazepine, phenytoin and sulfadiazine (Log D ranging from -0.14 to 2.63) are also neutral but not biodegraded. Both neutral groups cover the same range in Log D which implies that other factors/physico-chemical properties than hydrophobicity are playing a role in the biodegradation behavior of neutral compounds. Further research is required to determine the origin of biodegradation potential of neutral compounds. The addition of an easily biodegradable carbon source (sodium acetate) at regular time intervals did not have a significant effect on OMP removal after 14 days. Further research should explain whether this was caused by a lack of nutrients or the water:sand ratio and the dosed concentration OMPs. Since OMP removal is similar in the batch filled with river water and sand and the batch filled with demineralized water and sand after 14 days, it can be concluded that OMP removal mainly takes place in the soil phase. This was expected since in the soil more biomass (biofilm) is present and this biomass seems to play an important role in OMP removal.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy in Continued Access Left Atrial Appendage Closure Registries (2019)

These registries, which contain the longest and largest follow-up data of patients with the Watchman device, support LAAC as a safe and effective therapy for long-term anticoagulation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and document the lowest rate of hemorrhagic stroke identified in this population.
Investigation of training needs for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). (2005)

The use of simulators for training FESS may in the future offer substantial advantages like increased exposure to difficult scenarios, reduced learning curves, and reduced costs. Training simulators may range from very simple, involving only visual simulation, to more complex, involving haptic simulation or force feedback. To effectively employ these training means, insight is needed into the training needs for FESS procedure. A study was carried out to investigate which subtasks of FESS are hardest to perform and have the longest learning curve. A questionnaire was distributed among two groups of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgeons participating in a basic, as well as in an advanced sinus surgery course. Results showed that tasks related to spatial orientation are judged as hardest, whereas manual tasks are considered less difficult. These results suggest that simulators will not necessarily need haptic feedback to train the most important knowledge and skills needed for FESS.
Bits to Bitcoin: How Our Digital Stuff Works (2018)

An accessible guide to our digital infrastructure, explaining the basics of operating systems, networks, security, and other topics for the general reader.
Edge-enabled Optimized Network Slicing in Large Scale Networks (2020)

In this demo paper, we consider the network slice placement optimization problem and give some insights into a fast heuristic algorithm tailored to placement in large scale networks. We consider an online optimization scenario with multiple and volatile network slice request arrivals and we showcase the applicability of the proposed Edge-enabled network slice placement solution through a Proof-of-Concept illustrated by large scale networks scenarios.
Mobile telephony and its effects on human health (2019)

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of electromagnetic radiation sources such as mobile phones and base stations of mobile telephony. This radiation has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B). For this reason, many studies have been carried out on the impact of mobile telephony on human health. The largest of the experiments were carried out on animals. Due to the divergent results of many studies, there was no clear answer on the possible carcinogenic effects of this type of radiation on health. Detection of cancer shortly after an exposure is the most difficult task in analyzing the results. Some of the studies require repetition and verification of the results. In the case of negative effects of electromagnetic fields on brain activity, sleep, heart rate, cognitive function and blood pressure, no consistent evidence has been obtained either. In view of the increasing popularity of mobile phones, their location at short distances from the body (mainly the head) and the development of mobile phone technologies (which entails an increase in the number of base stations), further research, especially among young people, is needed. The duration of human exposure to electromagnetic radiation is subject to an increase and only further research can provide an answer on the possible negative effects of mobile phones and base stations.
An Agent-Based computational model of a self-organizing project management paradigm for research teams (2009)

We propose a new research organization management paradigm to increase throughput of projects by allowing researchers to choose their own projects through self-organization. Our methods draw upon the field of Agent-Based computational social science where Artificial Life and simulated societies have been used to study complex systems including economies and financial markets. Modeling the researchers as individual agents, we simulate our new management structure against a more traditional organization where the researchers are broken into departments based on their skills and assigned projects by management. Our results, measuring the amount of time it takes a research organization to serve a given number of contracts, show promise in the less hierarchical approach.
In Situ Spectroscopic Evidence for Neptunium(V)-Carbonate Inner-Sphere and Outer-Sphere Ternary Surface Complexes on Hematite Surfaces (2007)

Np(V) surface speciation on hematite surfaces at pH 7-9 under pC2 = 10(-3.45) atm was investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). In situ XAS analyses suggest that bis-carbonato inner-sphere and tris-carbonato outer-sphere ternary surface species coexist at the hematite-water interface at pH 7-8.8, and the fraction of outer-sphere species gradually increases from 27 to 54% with increasing pH from 7 to 8.8. The results suggest that the heretofore unknown Np(V)-carbonato ternary surface species may be important in predicting the fate and transport of Np(V) in the subsurface environment down gradient of high-level nuclear waste respositories.
The Ground-to-Ground Airport Surface Area Channel: Transmission/Reception from Airport Field Sites (2006)

This paper presents measured results and an empirical 5 GHz ground-to-ground channel model for the airport surface environment. The measurements were conducted at the Miami and John Kennedy International Airports. The transmitter was located at different airport field sites (AFS) on the airport surface, and the receiver moved around the terminal and runway areas. The AFS locations were selected primarily to reach airport areas that were difficult to reach while transmitting from the air traffic control tower (ATCT). Transmitting from an AFS can significantly reduce the channel dispersion compared to when transmitting from the ATCT. Minimum, root mean square (rms) and maximum delay spread estimates are provided. Example channel transfer functions and frequency correlation estimates are also provided to enable estimates of coherence bandwidths. Representative tapped delay line channel models, along with statistical tap amplitude distributions, are provided for both airports. The close proximity of scatterers with respect to receivers' causes correlated scattering among the taps, and example correlation coefficients between the taps are given. Finally, to account for the statistical non-stationarity observed in this setting, we provide example persistence process parameters, based upon a Markov chain, to model the appearance and disappearance of multipath components
Morphological component analysis for sparse regularization in plane wave imaging (2016)

Classical ultrasound image reconstruction mainly relies on the well-known delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming for its simplicity and real-time capability. Sparse regularization methods propose an alternative to DAS which lead to a better inversion of the ill-posed problem resulting from the acoustic wave propagation. In the following work, a new sparse regularization method is proposed which includes a component-based modelling of the radio-frequency images as well as a point-spread-function-adaptive sparsity prior. The proposed method, evaluated on the PICMUS dataset,outperforms the classical DAS in terms of contrast and resolution.
Analytical Sensitivity Analysis for Battery Electrochemical Parameters (2019)

Recognizing the important role of data in estimation, data optimization for offline and online battery state and parameter estimation has been receiving increasing attention recently. The main idea is to design/select data that are most sensitive to the target variables under estimation. However, due to the lack of efficient ways to compute sensitivity and heavy reliance on simulation, data optimization is often intractable because of the computational complexity. This issue is especially prominent for the states and parameters of the electrochemical battery models. In this work, we study the methodology for analytically deriving the sensitivity of battery electrochemical parameters. The derivation is based on a single particle model, and the results have been verified by comparing to the numerical simulation of a full order pseudo-2D electrochemical model. The obtained analytic results provide theoretic insight on the dynamic nature of the parameter sensitivity. The derived analytic expressions could enable fast sensitivity computation to serve the data optimization for offline system identification and online data selection/mining for real-time estimation.
Magnetic Coupling between 3He and 19F at Low Temperatures (1983)

Measurements of relaxation phenomena between liquid 3He and 19F nuclei in small fluorocarbon particles are reported. Magnetic cross relaxation between the 19F in the substrate and the liquid is observed in measurements between 1 K and 0.6 mK. The spin temperatures remain strongly coupled in magnetic fields up to 125 mT. Moreover it is observed that there is a decrease in magnetic relaxation time at the onset of superfluidity in the liquid 3He and that the thermal relaxation times are remarkably short at all temperatures.
Soluble CD14 (2012)

CD14 independently predicts risk mortality in older adults.
Lithium and Lithium Compounds (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 3. Occurrence 3.1. Important Lithium Minerals 3.1.1. Lithium Aluminum Silicates 3.1.2. Micas 3.1.3. Lithium Phosphates 3.1.4. Other Lithium Ores 3.2. Reserves of Lithium Minerals 3.3. Lithium in Natural Brines 4. Production of Primary Lithium Compounds 4.1. Mining of Ore and Production of Concentrate 4.2. Ore Digestion and Production of Lithium Compounds 4.2.1. Acid Digestion 4.2.2. Alkali Digestion 4.2.3. Ion‐Exchange Processes 4.3. Production of Lithium Carbonate from Brines 5. Lithium Metal and Lithium Alloys 5.1. Production of Lithium Metal 5.2. Uses of Lithium Metal 5.3. Lithium Alloys 6. Lithium Compounds 6.1. Inorganic Lithium Compounds and Lithium Salts 6.2. Organolithium Compounds, Lithium Alkylamides, and Lithium Alkoxides 7. Quality Specifications and Analysis 8. Toxicology and Occupational Health 9. Economic Aspects
The livers of old versus mature young beef cows possess decreased amounts of alanine transaminase and glutamine synthetase and increased amounts of GTRAP3‐18 (2006)

The potential effect of age on proteins responsible for hepatic N metabolic capacity is poorly characterized. Two immunoblot studies were conducted to characterize the influence of age on the relative content of alanine transaminase (ALT), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and aspartate transaminase (AST) in homogenates of liver biopsy samples obtained from mature young (Y; 3‐4 yrs old, n = 12‐13) versus old (O; 7–12 yrs old, n = 11–12) non‐pregnant beef cows grazing the same mixed forage pasture for 20 d (Exp. 1) or fed enough of the same corn silage‐based diet for 20 d to maintain body weight (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, ALT and GS content were decreased 73 (P &lt; 0.001) and 46% (P &lt; 0.013) in O cows, respectively, whereas AST ( P &lt; 0.645) and GDH (P &lt; 0.195) did not differ. In terms of extracellular anionic amino acid transport capacity, the relative content of the system X AG − transporters GLT‐1 (P &lt; 0.135) and EAAC1 (P &lt; 0.866) did not differ between O and Y cows. However, GTRAP3‐18 content, a known inhibitor of EAAC1 activity, was increased (P &lt; 0.001) 192% in O cows. Similarly, in Exp. 2, ALT and GS contents were decreased 61 (P &lt; 0.009) and 71% (P &lt; 0.001) in O cows, respectively, whereas GDH (P &lt; 0.632), GLT‐1 (P &lt; 0.188) and EAAC1 (P &lt; 0.169) were not altered but GTRAP3–18 content was increased (P &lt; 0.049) 136%. These results indicate that the potential for hepatic production of alanine and glutamine is reduced in geriatric cattle, whereas urea synthesis is not. Source of funding: Univ. of Kentucky and Kentucky Agric. Exp. Stn.
The relationship of reduced levels of ATP to inhibited chondrogenesis in the production of limb deformity induced by 6-aminonicotinamide (1977)

6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), an analogue and antagonist of nicotinamide, impairs cartilage formation and results in shortening of the limb when administered to chick embryos. 6-AN forms an abnormal NAD analogue (6-ANAD), which inhibits the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes associated with the production of ATP. The mechanism of action of 6-AN was studied by measuring the biosynthesis of protein and DNA, and the sulfation and glycosylation of chondroitin sulfate in control and 6-AN treated cartilage from 8-day chick embryos. The cartilage was also assayed for ATP levels. Incorporation of Na235SO4 was inhibited by 6 h treatment with 10 μg/ml 6-AN, whereas 3H-thymidine and 3H-amino acid incorporation were not inhibited until 12 h. 3H-glucosamine incorporation was not inhibited during any of the treatment times examined. Decrease in the level of ATP preceded inhibition of Na235SO4 incorporation. These results are consistent with the view that 6-AN inhibits chondroitin sulfate synthesis through a reduction in the level of ATP in chondrocytes.
High-speed nanometer-resolved imaging vibrometer and velocimeter (2011)

Conventional laser vibrometers are incapable of performing multidimensional vibrometry at high speeds because they build on single-point measurements and rely on beam scanning, significantly limiting their utility and precision. Here we introduce a laser vibrometer that performs high-speed multidimensional imaging-based vibration and velocity measurements with nanometer-scale axial resolution without the need for beam scanning. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate real-time microscopic imaging of acoustic vibrations with 1 nm axial resolution, 1200 image pixels, and 30 ps dwell time at 36.7 MHz scan rate.
Role of the Helical Protrusion in the Conformational Change and Molecular Chaperone Activity of the Archaeal Group II Chaperonin (2004)

To elucidate the exact role of the helical protrusion of a group II chaperonin in its molecular chaperone function, three deletion mutants of the chaperonin from a hyperthermophilic archaeum (Thermococcus sp. strain KS-1) lacking one-third, two-thirds, and the whole of the helical protrusion were constructed. The helical protrusion is thought to be substituted for the co-chaperonin GroES of a group I chaperonin and to be important for binding to unfolded proteins. Protease sensitivity assays and small angle x-ray scattering experiments were performed to demonstrate the conformation change of the wild type protein and the deletion mutants by adenine nucleotides. Whereas the binding of ATP to the wild type protein induced a structural transition corresponding to the closure of the built-in lid, it did not cause significant structural changes in deletion mutants. Although the mutants effectively protected proteins from thermal aggregation, ATP-dependent protein folding ability was remarkably diminished. We conclude that the helical protrusion is not necessarily important for binding to unfolded proteins, but its ATP-dependent conformational change mediates folding of captured unfolded proteins.
Supplementary Information from Development and Application of a Novel Model System to Study “Active” and “Passive” Tumor Targeting (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: Weight of the tumors;Figure S1: Correlation of in vivo NIR imaging and ex vivo biodistribution analysis; Figure S2: Evaluation of injected J591-conjugates; Figure S3: Assessment of tumor vascular permeability; Figure S4: Passive dye uptake in PSMA-positive and PSMA-negative tumors; Figure S5: Ex vivo tumor image analysis of LMD/PSMA xenograft model; Figure S6: Ex vivo biodistribution analysis of J591-conjugates in LMD tumor model; Figure S7: Ex vivo tumor image analysis of PC3/PSMA xenograft model; Figure S8: PSMA expression and J591 conjugate distribution&lt;/p&gt;
Self-Assembled Supramolecular Clusters Based on Phosphines and Coinage Metals: Tetrahedra, Helicates, and Mesocates (2013)

An array of coordination-driven supramolecular metal-ligand clusters has been synthesized using polytopic phosphine ligands and coinage metals (Cu(+), Ag(+), Au(+)). Rigid 3-fold or 2-fold symmetric phosphine ligands have been prepared: 1,3,5-tris((4-(diphenylphosphino)ethynyl)phenyl)benzene) (tppepb, L(1)), 1,4-bis((diphenylphosphino)ethynyl)benzene (1,4-dppeb, L(2)), 1,3-bis((diphenylphosphino)ethynyl)benzene (1,3-dppeb, L(3)), 2,6-bis((diphenylphosphino)ethynyl)pyridine (2,6-dppep, L(4)), and 1,5-bis((diphenylphosphino)ethynyl)naphthalene (1,5-dppen, L(5)). Self-assembly of these ligands with coinage metals produces four different types of metal-ligand clusters, or in some cases coordination polymers, depending on number and relative geometry of the phosphine donor atoms. Supramolecular tetrahedral clusters of the formula M4(L(1))4I4 (M = Cu(+), Ag(+), Au(+)) were obtained with the tppepb ligand, encapsulating solvent molecules (either CH2Cl2 or DMF) as guests within the central cavity of the clusters. The ligands 1,3-dppeb (L(3)) and 2,6-dppep (L(4)) give achiral, triple-stranded, dinuclear mesocates with the formula M2(L)3I2 (M = Cu(+) or Au(+)). In contrast, the ligand 1,4-dppeb (L(2)) generates a triple-stranded, dinuclear helicate with Cu(+), but a coordination polymer with Au(+) (both with the empirical formula M2(L(2))3I2). Finally, coordination polymers were obtained from 1,5-dppen (L(5)) with Cu(+). The clusters have been fully characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, (1)H NMR, and (31)P NMR.
Orientation Sensing Using Multiple Passive RFID Tags (2012)

Knowing the inclination of an object can be valuable information in a supply chain application, e.g., when handling orientation-sensitive objects. In this letter, we present a method for sensing the inclination using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The method requires standard RFID equipment and assumes that each object is tagged with a passive UHF tag. We use a simple statistical estimator based on the received signal strength (RSS) of the tag reply. The performance is evaluated via experimental measurements, and the results are positive with a good precision within distances of 2 m.