gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of a Conserved Arginine Residue in Linkers between the Ketosynthase and Acyltransferase Domains of Multimodular Polyketide Synthases (2012)

The role of interdomain linkers in modular polyketide synthases is poorly understood. Analysis of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) has yielded a model in which chain elongation is governed by interactions between the acyl carrier protein domain and the ketosynthase domain plus an adjacent linker. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the conserved residues of this linker in DEBS module 3 led to the identification of the R513A mutant with a markedly reduced rate of chain elongation. Limited proteolysis supported a structural role for this Arg. Our findings highlight the importance of domain-linker interactions in assembly line polyketide biosynthesis.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Click Chemistry (2015)

A rapid and catalyst-free cycloaddition system for visible-light-induced click chemistry is reported. A readily accessible photoreactive 2H-azirine moiety was designed to absorb light at wavelengths above 400 nm. Irradiation with low-energy light sources thus enables efficient small-molecule synthesis with a diverse range of multiple-bond-containing compounds. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the current approach, quantitative ligation of the photoactivatable chromophore with functional polymeric substrates was performed and full conversion with irradiation times of only 1 min at ambient conditions was achieved. The current report thus presents a highly efficient method for applications involving selective cycloaddition to electron-deficient multiple-bond-containing materials.
Can systems measure quality? (1988)

The current emphasis on quality is mainly the result of administrative concerns. The introduction of the prospective payment system and the impact of other cost containment pressures have increased the urgency to show that cost savings are not achieved at the expense of the quality of care.
Preliminary Experience Using Bioactive Glass Wedges for Cotton Osteotomy (2018)

Background: Medial cuneiform dorsal opening wedge (Cotton) osteotomy is often used for treating forefoot varus in patients undergoing surgery for stage II posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction. The goal of this study was to examine the radiographic outcomes of Cotton osteotomy with bioactive glass wedge to assess for both maintenance of correction and clinical results and complications. We hypothesized that bioactive glass wedges would maintain correction of the osteotomy with low complication rates. Methods: Between December 2015 and June 2016, the charts of 17 patients (10 female and 7 male) who underwent Cotton osteotomy using bioactive glass wedges were retrospectively reviewed. Patient age averaged 56.8 years (range, 16-84). The average follow-up was 6.5 months. Radiographs were reviewed to assess for initial correction and maintenance of correction of medial column sag as well as for union. Charts were reviewed for complications. Results: The medial column sag correction averaged 15.6% on the final postoperative lateral radiograph. Meary angle averaged 19 degrees (3.14-42.8 degrees) preoperatively and 5.5 degrees (0.4-20.7 degrees) at final follow-up. All patients achieved clinical and radiographic union. One patient developed neuropathic midfoot pain and was managed with sympathetic blocks. One patient had a delayed union that healed at 6 months without surgical intervention. No patients required the use of custom orthotics or subsequent surgical procedures. Conclusion: Cotton osteotomy with bioactive glass wedges produced consistent correction of the medial column with low risk. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
P343 Efficacy of ustekinumab in Crohn’s disease at maintenance Week 56: IM-UNITI study (2019)

Ustekinumab (UST), a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody that binds to the p40 protein subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines, is approved for moderate–severe Crohn’s disease (CD). Primary endpoint data (Wk44) from the pivotal Phase 3 study, IM-UNITI, have been previously reported. We examined efficacy of UST after 1 year of maintenance therapy (Wk56). The Phase 3 program of UST in CD includes 2 multi-centre, double-blind, placebo (PBO) controlled 8-week induction studies, UNITI-1 (anti-TNF therapy failures) and UNITI-2 (conventional therapy failures) comprised of 1281 patients. Pts in clinical response(reduction in CDAI ≥100 points or in clinical remission) at Wk8 to IV UST induction in UNITI-1 and 2 were randomised 1:1:1 to SC UST 90 mg q8w or q12w or PBO in IM-UNITI. Pts completing Wk44 of IM UNITI qualified to participate in the IM-UNITI extension study. The study was unblinded when Wk44 analyses were completed. Due to the durable biologic effect of a single IV induction, 36% of the randomised withdrawal population on SC PBO in maintenance were in remission at Wk44. At Wk56, 84.6% of patients remained blinded; unblinded patients were conservatively assumed to have same remission status as Wk44. Wk56 remission data were assessed in this post-hoc analysis of the primary randomised population of 388 patients who initially responded to UST IV induction and were subsequently randomised to UST 90 mg q8w (n = 128), 90 mg q12w (n = 129), or PBO (n = 131) in the maintenance study. Wk56 is the first long-term extension visit 12 weeks after Wk44 of IM-UNITI. Compared with Wk44, patients on UST at Wk56 maintained remission (50.8% for UST q8w, 49.6% for UST q12w; p < 0.001), while there was a noteworthy reduction in remission rates (27.5%) in PBO patients (Table 1). The proportion of patients in clinical remission not receiving corticosteroids at Wk56 was significantly greater with UST vs. PBO (46.1% UST q8w, 43.4% UST q12w, 22.1% PBO; p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis of conventional therapy failure patients (UNITI-2), a greater proportion of patients treated with UST achieved clinical remission that was maintained at Week 56 from Wk44 (Table 1) compared with PBO. Safety at Wk56 was similar to previous safety results reported for Wk44; no new safety events were observed. Table 1. Efficacy at Week 44 and 56 for primary randomised population and patients who failed conventional therapy efficacy. In patients with moderate–severe CD who responded to UST induction, SC UST is significantly better at maintaining clinical remission vs. PBO. Remission rates among UST patients were maintained from Wk44 to Wk56; yet, durable biologic effect from one IV induction dose seemed to diminish more rapidly from Wk44 to Wk56.
Wavelet transforms in a JPEG-like image coder (1997)

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is incorporated into the JPEG baseline system for image coding. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is replaced by an association of two-channel filter banks connected hierarchically. The JPEG block-scanning and quantization schemes are adopted while we use JPEG's entropy coder. The changes in scanning can be incorporated into the transform block in such a way that the only part that needs to be changed in a JPEG framework is to replace the DCT by the DWT. Objective results and reconstructed images are presented demonstrating that the proposed coder outperforms JPEG and approaches the performance of more sophisticated and complex wavelet coders. However, it does not require full-image buffering nor imposes a large complexity increase.
Efficient Multi-Objective Simulation-Driven Antenna Design Using Co-Kriging (2014)

A methodology for fast multi-objective antenna optimization is presented. Our approach is based on response surface approximation (RSA) modeling and variable-fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulations. In the design process, a computationally cheap RSA surrogate model constructed from sampled coarse-discretization EM antenna simulations is optimized using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. The initially determined Pareto optimal set representing the best possible trade-offs between conflicting design objectives is then iteratively refined. In each iteration, a limited number of high-fidelity EM model responses are incorporated into the RSA model using co-kriging. The enhanced RSA model is subsequently re-optimized to yield the refined Pareto set. Combination of low- and high-fidelity simulations as well as co-kriging results in the low overall optimization cost. The proposed approach is validated using two UWB antenna examples.
Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter by a Dual-Chamber Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (2000)

A new ICD detects AT/AF accurately and continuously. Therapy may be programmed for long-duration AT/AF, with a low risk of underdetection. Discrimination of AT from AF permits successful pacing therapy for a significant fraction of AT.
X-Band Dual Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna With High Gain for Small Satellites (2019)

This paper presents an X-band circularly polarized patch antenna with a simulated high gain of 12.5 dBi and a simulated side-lobe-level of below -20 dB, within the bandwidth of 5.2%. This single element antenna achieves high gain by exploiting the mode superposition of TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> + TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sub> (excited by a circle of vias loading the cavity) and TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> + TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sub> (excited by the cavity itself) radiated from the two apertures, respectively. A simple feeding network, consisting of a quadrature hybrid and a couple of 90° bent branches, is used in the design to excite RHCP or LHCP mode in the antenna cavity. A capacitive disk feeding is implemented so that the antenna can be matched to the feeding network, and the super-positioned fields inside the cavity are not disturbed by the feeding pins. This approach makes the design of a dual-sense circularly polarized antenna with high gain easier since the array configuration is not needed. High gain, in combination with a dual-sense circular polarization, makes the proposed antenna particularly attractive for space applications involving small satellites. With the proposed design, it is possible to employ only one antenna rather than two (RHCP and LHCP), thus saving space on the aircraft, which is clearly a limited resource.
Comparison of PD Current Waveforms between Aged and New Insulation Oils and Oil Types by Super-Wideband Measurement (2022)

Liquid insulators such as mineral oil and silicone oil have excellent cooling and insulation performance, but impurities, dissolved gases and/or moisture in the liquid are known to have a significant influence on insulation performance. So far, the authors have shown that partial discharge (PD) current waveforms in mineral oil differ significantly depending on degassing treatment condition and on positive and negative polarity by super high frequency-wideband measurement. In this paper, using aged mineral oil which was used in a distribution transformer over 48 years, difference in PD current waveforms between new and aged mineral oil and between mineral and silicone oils as difference in insulation oil type were investigated by the super high frequency-wideband measurement system, so-called “SHF_PDPW system” with a 33GHz oscilloscope. In addition, PD-emitted electromagnetic (EM) waves in those oils were measured with an antenna with sensitivity in the UHF band, and differences in the polarity and relationship between PD current and PD-emitted EM waves were investigated from the viewpoint of applicability of the UHF method.
Nouvelles frontières de la lutte contre le cancer (2018)

After many years of research, recent advances shed a new light on the role of the immune system in cancer. New therapeutic antibodies, such as anti-PD-1/L1, that block the interactions of inhibitory receptors (immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICI) with their ligands, have revolutionized the management of cancer patients. Nevertheless, they only affect a small part of the patient population. The main current challenge for immuno-oncology is to overcome these resistances by targeting new control points and new immune cells, combining these new immunotherapies with one another and with other standard treatments. Monalizumab is a novel antibody that simultaneously stimulates the anti-tumor action of NK and T cells by blocking one of their inhibitory receptors: NKG2A. NKG2A is present on the surface of both cell types and its ligand, HLA-E, and is very frequently overexpressed by human tumors, opening a wide therapeutic window to monalizumab.
Abstract 2921: Critical mediation of E2-induced apoptosis through c-Src in long-term estrogen deprived breast cancer cells (2012)

Abstract Our previous publication showed that physiological concentrations of estrogen (E2) could trigger apoptosis of long-term E2 deprived breast cancer cells (MCF-7:5C) (Lewis et al. JNCI 2005; 97:1746-59). This new targeted strategy provides novel therapeutic approaches to endocrine resistant breast cancer. A phase II clinical trial reported that E2 provided a clinical benefit for aromatase inhibitor-resistant advanced breast cancer patients. However, only 30% of patients receive clinical benefit (Ellis MJ et al. JAMA 2009;302:774-80). This prompted us to investigate the mechanisms underlying E2-induced apoptosis to find strategies to increase the therapeutic responsiveness. c-Src is currently of interest, as it is an important adapter protein of ER in breast cancer cells. Here, we found that E2 stimulated c-Src phosphorylation in MCF-7:5C cells and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) could block this stimulation which demonstrated that E2 activated c-Src through ER. The specific inhibitor of c-Src, PP2, could block c-Src activation induced by E2. E2 rapidly activated growth pathways within minutes in MCF-7:5C cells and PP2 could block this non-genomic pathway. E2 was also able to activate Akt/MAPK pathways after 24 hour treatment which could be blocked by inhibition of c-Src. These data showed that c-Src mediated downstream signaling pathways of ER in MCF-7:5C cells. Characteristic E2-induced apoptosis occurred around 72 hour treatment with E2, unexpectedly, inhibition of c-Src could significantly block E2-induced apoptosis which implied that c-Src played a critical role in E2-induced apoptosis. Further examination through transcriptome analysis confirmed that E2 widely induced apoptosis-related pathways. Consistent with the biological experiments, PP2 could completely abolish the apoptosis pathways induced by E2. These data illustrate that c-Src acts as a critical molecule to mediate the downstream signaling of ER (including E2-induced apoptosis) in MCF-7:5C cells. It provides an important rationale for clinical trial with c-Src inhibitors in aromatase inhibitors resistant patients, especially avoiding in combination with physiological levels of E2. Acknowledgements This work (VCJ and JWG) is supported by the SU2C (AACR) Grant (SU2C-AACR-DT0409). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2921. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2921
In vitro synthesis of alpha-carboxyl-linked folylpolyglutamates by an enzyme preparation from Escherichia coli. (1986)

Extracts of Escherichia coli contained an enzymatic activity which catalyzed the addition of L-glutamate to the alpha-carboxyl of various polyglutamate substrates, including folylpolyglutamates. Much of the enzyme activity was separated by DE52 chromatography and gel filtration from the enzyme which adds the first three glutamates in the biosynthesis of folylpolyglutamates, dihydrofolate synthetase-folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The two enzyme activities differed in many properties. Whereas dihydrofolate synthetase-folylpolyglutamate synthetase preferred pteroate or pteroylmonoglutamate substrates, the folylpoly-alpha-glutamate synthetase preparations effectively utilized tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates, pteroylpolyglutamates, p-aminobenzoylpolyglutamates (pAB(Glu)n), and even a polyglutamate tripeptide. Several di- and triglutamyl peptides were inhibitory to folylpoly-alpha-glutamate synthetase activity, but not to dihydrofolate synthetase-folylpolyglutamate synthetase. Conversely, dihydropteroate noncompetitively inhibits the folylpolyglutamate synthetase reaction of the dihydrofolate synthetase-folylpolyglutamate synthetase protein, but did not inhibit the folylpoly-alpha-glutamate synthetase reaction. Potassium chloride was inhibitory to folylpoly-alpha-glutamate synthetase activity (as were other salts and several polyanions), in contrast to the absolute requirement of dihydrofolate synthetase-folylpolyglutamate synthetase activity for a monovalent cation such as K+. Incubation of a folylpoly-alpha-glutamate synthetase preparation with (6S)-tetrahydropteroyltri(gamma)glutamate generated products which after chemical cleavage to pAB(Glu)n were identical to those from growing E. coli, in high performance liquid chromatography retention times and in pattern of digestion by alpha-COOH bond-specific carboxypeptidase Y. High performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral analysis of the products of the in vitro reactions of folylpoly-alpha-glutamate synthetase with several substrates also demonstrated the addition of glutamate residues via alpha-COOH linkages. Thus, there appear to be two folylpolyglutamate synthetase activities in E. coli, dihydrofolate synthetase-folylpolyglutamate synthetase which adds the first three glutamate residues by gamma-COOH linkages and the folylpoly-alpha-glutamate synthetase activity which extends the folylpolyglutamate chain via gamma-COOH peptide bonds.
Autonomous Helicopter Landing on a Moving Platform Using a Tether (2006)

In this paper, we address the design of an autopilot for autonomous landing of a helicopter on a rocking ship, due to rough sea. The deck is modeled to have a sinusoidal motion. The goal of the helicopter is to land on it during motion. In this work, we use a tether to help in target tracking. Based on the measurement of the angle between the cable and the helicopter/ship, a novel hierarchical two time-scale controller has been proposed to ensure landing of the helicopter on the ship. The system is demonstrated by computer simulation. Currently, work is under progress to implement the algorithm using an instrumented model of a helicopter using a tether.
英国“新机会基金”培训项目的实施 (2006)

由英国教师培训署（Teacher Training Agency），国家教育和劳动技能部（Departmerit for Education and skills），当地教育部门（Local Education Authorities）的工作人员，教师、校长、学科联合会的代表和咨询顾问组成一个专业机构，负责“新机会基金”培训机构的资格认证。
NIMG-12. LARGE-SCALE RADIOMIC PROFILING OF RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA IDENTIFIES AN IMAGING PREDICTOR FOR STRATIFYING ANTI-ANGIOGENIC TREATMENT RESPONSE (2016)

Antiangiogenic treatment with bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to the vascular endothelial growth factor, is a frequently used therapeutic agent for patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GB). A major challenge is that there are currently no validated biomarkers that can predict treatment outcome. Here we analyze the potential of radiomics, an emerging field of research that aims to utilize the full potential of medical imaging. A total of 4842 quantitative MRI features were automatically extracted and analyzed from the multiparametric tumor of 172 patients (allocated to a discovery and validation set with a 2:1 ratio) with recurrent GB prior bevacizumab treatment. Leveraging a high throughput approach, radiomic features of patients in the discovery set were subjected to a supervised principal component (superpc) analysis to generate a prediction model for stratifying treatment outcome to antiangiogenic therapy by means of both progression free and overall survival (PFS and OS). The predictive accuracy of the the superpc predictor was assessed with the integrated Brier scores (IBS; lower scores indicate higher accuracy). The superpc predictor stratified patients in the discovery set into a low or high risk group for PFS (hazard ratio (HR)=1.60, p=0.017) and OS (HR=2.14, p<0.001) and was successfully validated for patients in the validation set (HR=1.85, p=0.030 for PFS; HR=2.60, p=0.001 for OS). The IBS of the radiomic superpc predictor was 0.095 for OS and 0.117 for PFS. Our radiomic-based superpc signature emerges as a putative imaging biomarker for the identification of patients who may derive the most benefit from antiangiogenic therapy, advances the knowledge in the non-invasive characterization of brain tumors, and stresses the role of radiomics as a novel tool for improving decision-support in cancer treatment at low cost.
Characterization and Modeling of Nonlinear Laser Propagation in Water and Dielectrics (2022)

Nonlinear propagation of intense laser pulses in condensed media, including liquid water, is under study in experiments and numerical modeling. Recent simulations reveal previously unknown laser-generated plasma effects on stimulated Raman scattering and four-wave mixing.
Studies on organic fluorine compounds. XLV. Synthesis and regioselective substitution reaction of 3-trifluoromethylfuran. (1985)

3-Trifluoromethylfuran (1) was efficiently synthesized by the reaction of 4-methyloxazole with 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyne. Lithiation of 1 with n-butyllithium followed by reaction with an electrophile gave the corresponding 2-substituted 3-trifluoromethylfuran (4). Starting from 2-triethylsilyl-3-trifluoromethylfuran (4a), 2-substituted 4-trifluoromethylfurans (6) were synthesized.
Multiagent Communication Security in Adversarial Settings (2011)

In many exciting multiagent applications - including future battlefields, law enforcement, and commerce - agents must communicate in inherently or potentially hostile environments in which an adversaries disrupt or intercept the communication between agents for malicious purposes, but the wireless ad hoc networks often proposed for these applications are particularly susceptible to attack. Intelligent agents must balance network performance with possible harm suffered from an adversary's attack, while accounting for the broadcast nature of their communication and heterogenous vulnerabilities of communication links. Furthermore, they must do so when the adversary is also actively and rationally attempting to counter their efforts. We address this challenge in this paper by representing the problem as a game between a sender agent choosing communication paths through a network and an adversary choosing nodes and links to attack. We introduce a network-flow-based approach for compactly representing the competing objectives of network performance and security from adversary attack, and provide a polynomial-time algorithm for finding the equilibrium strategy for the sender. Through empirical evaluation we show how this technique improves upon existing approaches.
Phytohormone targeting in plant tissues (2011)

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