gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of tert-butyl-capped polyenes containing up to 15 double bonds (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of tert-butyl-capped polyenes containing up to 15 double bondsKonrad Knoll and Richard R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 20, 7989–8004Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00202a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00202a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views626Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Activated Notch1 Can Transiently Substitute for EBNA2 in the Maintenance of Proliferation of LMP1-Expressing Immortalized B Cells (2001)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) are essential for immortalization of human B cells by EBV. EBNA2 and activated Notch transactivate genes by interacting with the cellular transcription factor RBP-Jkappa/CBF1. Therefore, EBNA2 can be regarded as a functional homologue of activated Notch. We have shown previously that the intracellular domain of Notch1 (Notch1-IC) is able to transactivate EBNA2-regulated viral promoters and to induce phenotypic changes in B cells similar to those caused by EBNA2. Here we investigated whether Notch1-IC can substitute for EBNA2 in the maintenance of B-cell proliferation. Using an EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line in which EBNA2 function can be regulated by estrogen, we demonstrate that murine Notch1-IC, in the absence of functional EBNA2, is unable to maintain LMP1 expression and to maintain cell proliferation. However, in a lymphoblastoid cell line expressing LMP1 independently of EBNA2, murine Notch1-IC can transiently maintain proliferation after EBNA2 inactivation. After 4 days, cell numbers do not increase further, and cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle start to die. In contrast to EBNA2, murine Notch1-IC is unable to upregulate the expression of the c-myc gene in these cells.
Synthesis of rac-Emtricitabine and rac-Lamivudine by Chlorotrimethylsilane-Sodium Iodide Promoted Vorbrüggen Glycosylation (2021)

By simply adding water and sodium iodide (NaI) to chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl), promotion of a Vorbrüggen glycosylation en route to essential HIV drugs emtricitabine (FTC) and lamivudine (3TC) is achieved. TMSCl-NaI in wet solvent (0.1 M water) activates a 1,3-oxathiolanyl acetate donor for N-glycosylation of silylated cytosine derivatives, leading to cis ox-athiolane products with up to 95% yield and >20:1 dr. This telescoped sequence is followed by recrystallization and borohydride reduction, resulting in rapid synthesis of rac-FTC/3TC from an achiral tartrate ester.
Comparison of regulatory B cells in asthma and allergic rhinitis (2018)

A. Gating strategy of three different Breg cell subsets shown in an asthmatic donor. B. Increase in IL-10 expression in total B cells. (n=8), A (n=6), R (n=8). C-D. Three different Bregs subsets: C. CD19 + CD25 + CD71 + CD73 - D. CD19 + CD24 + CD38 + E. CD19 + CD5 + CD1d + measured as a percentage of total
ChemInform Abstract: 4,5‐Diaryloxazole Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unawareness of cognitive deficit (cognitive anosognosia) in probable AD and control subjects (2005)

This anosognosia assessment method may allow more detailed examination of distorted self-awareness. These results suggest that screening for anosognosia in probable Alzheimer disease (pAD) should include self-estimates of visuospatial function, and that, in pAD, it may be useful to assess anosognosia for amnesia both before and after memory testing.
Multiplex genome editing of microorganisms using CRISPR-Cas (2019)

Microbial production of chemical compounds often requires highly engineered microbial cell factories. During the last years, CRISPR-Cas nucleases have been repurposed as powerful tools for genome editing. Here, we briefly review the most frequently used CRISPR-Cas tools and describe some of their applications. We describe the progress made with respect to CRISPR-based multiplex genome editing of industrial bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms. We also review the state of the art in terms of gene expression regulation using CRISPRi and CRISPRa. Finally, we summarize the pillars for efficient multiplexed genome editing and present our view on future developments and applications of CRISPR-Cas tools for multiplex genome editing.
A novel fibre-ensemble level constitutive model for exogenous cross-linked collagenous tissues (2015)

Exogenous cross-linking of soft collagenous tissues is a common method for biomaterial development and medical therapies. To enable improved applications through computational methods, physically realistic constitutive models are required. Yet, despite decades of research, development and clinical use, no such model exists. In this study, we develop the first rigorous full structural model (i.e. explicitly incorporating various features of the collagen fibre architecture) for exogenously cross-linked soft tissues. This was made possible, in-part, with the use of native to cross-linked matched experimental datasets and an extension to the collagenous structural constitutive model so that the uncross-linked collagen fibre responses could be mapped to the cross-linked configuration. This allowed us to separate the effects of cross-linking from kinematic changes induced in the cross-linking process, which in turn allowed the non-fibrous tissue matrix component and the interaction effects to be identified. It was determined that the matrix could be modelled as an isotropic material using a modified Yeoh model. The most novel findings of this study were that: (i) the effective collagen fibre modulus was unaffected by cross-linking and (ii) fibre-ensemble interactions played a large role in stress development, often dominating the total tissue response (depending on the stress component and loading path considered). An important utility of the present model is its ability to separate the effects of exogenous cross-linking on the fibres from changes due to the matrix. Applications of this approach include the utilization in the design of novel chemical treatments to produce specific mechanical responses and the study of fatigue damage in bioprosthetic heart valve biomaterials.
The Philosophy of Heidegger (2011)

In The Philosophy of Heidegger , Michael Watts provides an overview of Heidegger's thoughts that is suitable for both beginning and advanced students. Free from jargon and the standard idioms of academic philosophical writing, Watts uses several illustrations and concrete examples to introduce key Heideggrian concepts such as throwness, the clearing, authenticity, falling, moods, nullity, temporality, Ereignis, enframing, dwelling, and Gelassenheit. He avoids over-involvement with the secondary literature and with wider philosophical debates, which gives the writing an immediate, accessible voice. Ranging widely across Heidegger's writings, the book displays an impressively thorough knowledge of his corpus, navigating the difficult relationship between the earlier and later texts and giving the reader a strong sense of the fundamental motives and overall continuity of Heidegger's thought.
Dimerization of mono-ruthenium substituted α-Keggin-type tungstosilicate [α-SiW11O39RuIII(H2O)]5−to µ-oxo-bridged dimer in aqueous solution: synthesis, structure, and redox studies (2007)

We report the dimerization of a mono-ruthenium(III) substituted alpha-Keggin-type tungstosilicate [alpha-SiW(11)O(39)Ru(III)(H2O)](5-) to a micro-oxo-bridged dimer [{alpha-SiW(11)O(39)Ru(m)}2O](n-) (m = III, n = 12; m = IV/III, n = 11; m = IV, n = 10). Single crystal X-ray structure analysis of Rb(10)[{alpha-SiW(11)O(39)Ru(IV)}2O].9.5H2O (triclinic, P1, with a = 12.7650(6) A, b = 18.9399(10) A, c = 20.2290(10) A, alpha = 72.876(3) degrees, beta = 88.447(3) degrees, gamma = 80.926(3) degrees, V = 4614.5(4) A(3), Z = 2) reveals that two mono-ruthenium substituted tungstosilicate alpha-Keggin units are connected through micro-oxo-bridging Ru-O-Ru bonds. Solution (183)W-NMR of [{SiW(11)O(39)Ru(IV)}2O](10-) resulted in six peaks (-63, -92, -110, -128, -132, and -143 ppm, intensities 2 : 2 : 1 : 2 : 2 : 2) confirming that the micro-oxo bridged dimer structure is maintained in aqueous solution. The dimerization mechanism is presumably initiated by deprotonation of the aqua-ruthenium complex [alpha-SiW(11)O(39)Ru(III)(H2O)](5-) leading to a hydroxy-ruthenium complex [alpha-SiW(11)O(39)Ru(III)(OH)](6-). Dimerization of two hydroxy-ruthenium complexes produces the micro-oxo bridged dimer [{alpha-SiW(11)O(39)Ru(III)}2O](12-) and a water molecule. The Ru(III) containing dimer is oxidized by molecular oxygen to produce a mixed valence species [{alpha-SiW(11)O(39)Ru(IV-III)}2O](11-), and further oxidation results in the Ru(IV) containing [{alpha-SiW(11)O(39)Ru(IV)}2O](10-).
Understanding the Role of Charge Storage Mechanisms in the Electrochromic Switching Kinetics of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals (2022)

The development of electrochromic metal oxide nanocrystals holds promise for improving the sluggish switching kinetics of conventional electrochromic smart windows. Nevertheless, the microscopic processes controlling switching kinetics in nanocrystals may differ from those in traditional bulk materials where ion diffusion following intercalation is often rate limiting. Herein, by systematically investigating the electrochromic response of Sn-doped In2O3 nanoparticles, ortho-rhombic Nb2O5 nanorods, and monoclinic Nb12O29 nanoplatelets, we elucidate how different charge storage mechanisms, including capacitive charging, surface redox, and intercalation, affect the switching kinetics of electrochromic nanocrystals. The nanocrystals were reduced in both lithium- and tetrabutylammonium-based electrolytes at various potentials to determine which charge storage mechanism governs their electrochromic response, and the optical switching kinetics at a reducing potential were quantified by fitted with an exponential-growth model based on the charging behavior of capacitors. For the surface-dominated capacitive charging and surface redox mechanisms, dual-stage switching kinetics were observed regardless of the materials, switching rapidly at the early stage of reduction and becoming slower over time as charge accumulates in the electric double layer. As for the intercalation mechanism, single-stage switching kinetics con-trolled by the reaction rate of ion intercalation were observed. By using spectroelectrochemical methods, we demonstrated approaches to define the charge storage mechanisms in electrochromic metal oxide nanocrystals and investigated how these mechanisms affect the switching kinetics of the electrochromic response.
CYCLICAL MOOD CHANGES AS IN THE PREMENSTRUAL TENSION SYNDROME DURING SEQUENTIAL ESTROGEN‐PROGESTAGEN POSTMENOPAUSAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY (1985)

The etiology of the cyclical mood changes seen in the premenstrual syndrome is still unknown. A close relation to the luteal phase has been shown. One of the differences between the follicular and the luteal phase is the higher plasma progesterone concentration during the luteal phase. The present investigation has been conducted to study the effect of exogenously administered estrogen/gestagen sequential postmenopausal replacement therapy on mood and physical signs. Twenty-two women requiring postmenopausal estrogen treatment were recruited and divided into two groups. Eleven women were given estradiol treatment only (Oestrogel creme 3 mg percutaneously/day) for 21 days with a subsequent break of 7 days. The other 11 women were in addition given progestagen (Lynestrenol, Orgametril 5 mg/day) during the last 11 days of treatment. The women were asked to keep a daily record of their mood, using a visual analogue scale earlier tested in women with premenstrual syndrome. They also kept a record of physical signs and sexual feelings. The records were kept for between one and 6 months. The group with estrogen treatment only did not show any cyclical worsening in mood or physical signs during the treatment. The women who in the latter stage of the estrogen treatment cycle also received progestagen, showed significant cyclicity in both moods and physical signs, with a maximum symptom degree during the final days of gestagen treatment. The negative mood change started 1-3 days after the progestagen was added to the treatment. The results suggest that progestagens are involved in the provocation of cyclical symptom changes seen in the premenstrual syndrome.
075 Ease of Use of a Contraceptive Vaginal System (CVS), Containing Segesterone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol (SA/EE) (2020)

Annovera™ is a ring-shaped, contraceptive vaginal system (CVS), which releases 0.15 mg SA and 0.013 mg EE per day, that can be used for up to 13-cycles and is FDA-approved for women of reproductive potential to prevent pregnancy.
Supplementary Data from Assessment of Tumor Redox Status through (<i>S</i>)-4-(3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropropyl)-L-Glutamic Acid PET Imaging of System x<sub>c</sub><sup>−</sup> Activity (2023)

Supplementary Data from Assessment of Tumor Redox Status through (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;)-4-(3-[&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]fluoropropyl)-L-Glutamic Acid PET Imaging of System x&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; Activity
Automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and intramedullary multiple\n sclerosis lesions with convolutional neural networks (2018)

The spinal cord is frequently affected by atrophy and/or lesions in multiple\nsclerosis (MS) patients. Segmentation of the spinal cord and lesions from MRI\ndata provides measures of damage, which are key criteria for the diagnosis,\nprognosis, and longitudinal monitoring in MS. Automating this operation\neliminates inter-rater variability and increases the efficiency of\nlarge-throughput analysis pipelines. Robust and reliable segmentation across\nmulti-site spinal cord data is challenging because of the large variability\nrelated to acquisition parameters and image artifacts. The goal of this study\nwas to develop a fully-automatic framework, robust to variability in both image\nparameters and clinical condition, for segmentation of the spinal cord and\nintramedullary MS lesions from conventional MRI data. Scans of 1,042 subjects\n(459 healthy controls, 471 MS patients, and 112 with other spinal pathologies)\nwere included in this multi-site study (n=30). Data spanned three contrasts\n(T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted) for a total of 1,943 volumes. The proposed cord\nand lesion automatic segmentation approach is based on a sequence of two\nConvolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To deal with the very small proportion of\nspinal cord and/or lesion voxels compared to the rest of the volume, a first\nCNN with 2D dilated convolutions detects the spinal cord centerline, followed\nby a second CNN with 3D convolutions that segments the spinal cord and/or\nlesions. When compared against manual segmentation, our CNN-based approach\nshowed a median Dice of 95% vs. 88% for PropSeg, a state-of-the-art spinal cord\nsegmentation method. Regarding lesion segmentation on MS data, our framework\nprovided a Dice of 60%, a relative volume difference of -15%, and a lesion-wise\ndetection sensitivity and precision of 83% and 77%, respectively. The proposed\nframework is open-source and readily available in the Spinal Cord Toolbox.\n
Zero-Flux Surfaces of the Electrostatic Potential:  The Border of Influence Zones of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Sites in Crystalline Environment (2007)

The topology of the electrostatic potential varphi(r) has been studied for single molecules using geometries and electron distributions rho(r) determined from high-resolution single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The electrostatic potential gradient nablavarphi(r), which is the negative of the electric field E = -nablavarphi, has been represented, revealing the position of zero-flux surfaces and critical points. Local maxima and minima of the electrostatic potential are interpreted in terms of electrophilic and nucleophilic sites, which present influence zones delimited by zero-flux surfaces containing saddle points. The influence zones of the nucleophilic and electrophilic sites define two alternative partitions of the space in disjoint volumes, the completeness of these partitions depending on either the neutral or ionic character of the molecule. The results obtained by using this methodology are useful for the interpretation of the saddle points of the electrostatic potential, which are related to the limits of the influence zones and reveal the path for preferred attack on reactive sites with finite influence zones.
CMB observations with MAXIMA and MAXIPOL (2001)

We discuss the status of the MAXIMA and MAXIPOL cosmic microwave background balloon-borne experiments. The MAXIMA and MAXIPOL instruments consist of a 1.3 m off-axis Gregorian telescope and a receiver housing a 16 element array of 100 mK bolometers. Observations are made in 3 frequency bands centered on 150, 240, and 410 GHz. We recently released temperature anisotropy power spectrum results (l=36 to l=785) from the August 1998 MAXIMA-1 flight. During the second MAXIMA flight, launched in June 1999 (MAXIMA-2), we scanned 225 square degrees of CMB sky with extremely low galactic dust contamination. Approximately 50 square degrees of this region overlaps the MAXIMA-1 observations. MAXIMA-2 data analysis is currently in progress. MAXIPOL will attempt detection of the CMB polarization anisotropy. The instrument is based on the MAXIMA receiver which has the highest sensitivity of any CMB receiver to date. Instrument preparation is in progress and a 36 hour flight is planned for 2001. MAXIMA is supported by NASA though grants NAG5-4454 and NAG5-3941, and by the Center for Particle Astrophyiscs, a National Science and Technology Center operated by the University of California, Berkeley, under Cooperative Agreement No. AST 9120005. MAXIPOL is supported by NASA through grants NAG5-9349 and NAG5-9398.
Mechanical and physicochemical contribution in removal of different soil types on cotton fabric (2015)

The research was conducted to identify the optimal washing methods for three types of soils, in terms of washing efficiency and eco-efficiency. To this end, the mechanical action by the washer’s agitation and the physicochemical action by detergents were investigated for their respective contribution to the detergency of three kinds of artificial soils: oil, protein, and their mixture. In general, washing efficiency increased with the increased agitation speed and the amount of detergent use. Most of the washing conditions presented a positive synergistic effect when both the mechanical and physicochemical actions were applied simultaneously. The contributing ratio of the physicochemical action was greater for oily soil than for other soil types, due to the effective rolling-up by the detergent for the oily soil. The contributing ratio attributable to the mechanical action was higher when the protein was present in the soil composition, and the mechanical contribution was compromised as detergent usage was increased. The washing condition with the largest synergy did not always correspond with the condition of the highest washing efficiency. Energy Efficiency for Detergency was increased in all soil types as the agitation speed increased. It is suggested that the washing method be determined considering (1) the level of soiling and the acceptable washing performance, (2) the synergistic effect of mechanical and physicochemical actions, and (3) the eco-efficiency of washing methods.
Automatic Natural Language Generation Applied to Alternative and Augmentative Communication for Online Video Content Services using SimpleNLG for Spanish (2018)

We present our work to build the Spanish version of SimpleNLG by adapting it and creating new code to satisfy the Spanish linguistic requirements. Not only have we developed this version but also we have achieved a library that only needs the main words as input and it is able to conduct the generation process on its own. The adaptation of the library uses aLexiS, a complete and reliable lexicon with morphology that we created. On the other hand, our enhanced version uses Elsa created from the pictogram domain, which also contains syntactic and semantic information needed to conduct the generation process automatically. Both the adaptation and its enhanced version may be useful integrated in several applications as well as web applications, bringing them natural language generation functionalities. We provide a use case of the system focused on Augmentative and Alternative Communication and online video content services.
Electrically controlled wire-channel GaN/AlGaN transistor for terahertz plasma applications (2018)

We report on a design of fin-shaped channel GaN/AlGaN field-effect transistors developed for studying resonant terahertz plasma oscillations. Unlike common two dimensional FinFET transistor design, the gates were deposited only to the sides of the two dimensional electron gas channel, i.e., metal layers were not deposited on the top of the AlGaN. This side gate configuration allowed us to electrically control the conductivity of the channel by changing its width while keeping the carrier density and mobility virtually unchanged. Computer simulations and analytical model describe well the general shape of the characteristics. The side gate control of the channel width of these transistors allowed us to eliminate the so-called oblique plasma wave modes and paves the way towards future terahertz detectors and emitters using high quality factor plasma wave resonances.
Method for making dense crack free thin films (2023)

The process described herein provides a simple and cost effective method for making crack free, high density thin ceramic film. The steps involve depositing a layer of a ceramic material on a porous or dense substrate. The deposited layer is compacted and then the resultant laminate is sintered to achieve a higher density than would have been possible without the pre-firing compaction step.