gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RAVE Reviews: Acquiring relevance assessments from multiple users (1996)

As the use of machine learning techniques in IR increases, the need for a sound empirical methodology for collecting ud assessing users’ opinions - feedback - becomes critical to the evaluation of system performance. In IR the typical assessment procedure relies upon the opinion of a single individual, an expert in the corpus’ domain of discourse. Apart from the logistical dit~ulties of gethefieg multiple opinions, whether any one, omnlmcent individual is capable of providing reliable a.t. about the appm~ate set of documents to be reUievod remains a foundational issue within IR. l~is paper responds to such critiques with a new methodology for collecting relevance assessments that combines evidence from mulitple human judges. RAVe is a suite of software routines that allow an IR experlmeuter to effectively collect large numbers of relevance assessments for an arb/trary document corpus. paper sketches our assumptions about the cognitive activity of the providing relvance assessments, and the design issues involved in: identifying the documents to be eval~3_ed; allocating subjects’ time to provide the most infommtive assessments; and aggregating multiple users’ opinions into a binary predicate of relevut. Finally, we present lnel/ml-my a,t, gathen~ by RAVe from subjects.
No more electrical infrastructure (2013)

We consider the use of fuel cells for powering data centers, based on benefits in reliability, capital and operational costs, and reduced environmental emissions. Using fuel cells effectively in data centers introduces several challenges and we highlight key research questions for designing a fuel cell based data center power distribution system. We analyze a specific configuration in the design space to quantify the cost benefits for a large scale data center, for the most mature and commonly deployed fuel cell technology, achieving over 20% reduction in costs using conservative projections.
Measuring the impact of third place attachment on the adoption of a place-based community technology (2009)

CoCollage is a placed-based community technology that leverages the power of online social networking to facilitate awareness and face-to-face interactions in a third place. We adapted standardized measures of place attachment, social networks and psychological sense of community to provide a framework grounded in the social science literature for studying real world adoption of place-based community technologies. We found the standardized measures of place attachment and psychological sense of community meaningfully predicted likelihood of technology adoption and usage in a café. We discuss some lessons learned from our initial deployment of CoCollage in a real-world setting to support a nascent place-based community.
Surge Detection Using Knock Sensors in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Improving turbocharger performance to increase engine efficiency has the potential to help meet current and upcoming exhaust legislation. One limiting factor is compressor surge, an air flow instability phenomenon capable of causing severe vibration and noise. To avoid surge, the turbocharger is operated with a safety margin (surge margin) which, as well as avoiding surge in steady state operation, unfortunately also lowers engine performance. This paper investigates the possibility of detecting compressor surge with a conventional engine knock sensor. It further recommends a surge detection algorithm based on their signals during transient engine operation. Three knock sensors were mounted on the turbocharger and placed along the axes of three dimensions of movement. The engine was operated in load steps starting from steady state. The steady state points of operation covered the vital parts of the engine speed and load range. The collected data was analysed with the objective of extracting information of a surging or non-surging compressor. In the charging system studied, the knock sensors detected a profound frequency peak between 5.0 Hz to 7.0 Hz. Another surge related frequency component of about 25 kHz was also observed, dependent on the turbocharger speed. Two surge detection algorithms were evaluated, one based on short time Fourier transform (STFT) and one based on the correlation integral (CI). These algorithms where then validated against temperature measurements at the compressor inlet and visual observation of oscillations of the air inlet piping. The surge detection algorithms were compared for accuracy and repeatability. The accuracy of the methods was found to be 73 % and 71 % respectively when compared to the temperature rise in the compressor inlet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Modeling of Cyclic Deformation of Sandstones Based on Experimental Observations (2022)

Summary Underground energy storage (UES) in porous and cavity reservoirs can be used to balance the mismatch between the production and demand of renewable energy. Understanding the geomechanical behaviour of these reservoirs under different storage conditions, i.e., storage frequency and fluid pressure, is key in defining their capacity and effective lifetime. This work presents an analysis performed on sandstones to unravel their geomechanical response under cyclic loading. It includes, importantly, both experimental and numerical investigations under deviatoric stress conditions below the rock dilatant cracking threshold. From the experimental point of view, axial strains and acoustic emissions indicated that inelastic strains accumulated cycle after cycle, following a decreasing rate per cycle. Four types of deformations were interpreted: elastic, viscoelastic, plastic, and cyclic-plastic. Based on these experimental results and observations, the Modified Cam-clay model was extended to account for cyclic plastic deformations and the Kelvin-Voigt model was used to model visco-elasticity. This approach can be used to study cyclic sandstone deformation’s implications on subsidence, fault reactivation, and cap rock flexure, among other physical phenomena impacting a reservoir’s storage capacity.
Synthesis of One-Dimensional and Porous TiO2 Nanostructures by Controlled Hydrolysis of Titanium Alkoxide via Coupling with an Esterification Reaction (2005)

1-Dimensional (1-D) TiO2 nanostructures were prepared by a novel one-pot method, in which the water release was controlled by an esterification reaction between acetic acid and 2-propanol, and the alkoxide was partially coordinated with carboxylic acid, thus the hydrolysis step was significantly slowed. The successive unidirectional growth of TiO2 nanostructures was realized by using aniline, octylamine, and isobutylamine, respectively, as structure-directing agents. After calcination below 400 °C, 1-D and porous nanostructures of TiO2 anatase were obtained. Preliminary results showed that Au supported on these TiO2 nanofibers, compared with catalyst using commercial TiO2 as support, has much higher catalytic activity for CO oxidation at near ambient temperature.
Amplified CWDM systems (2004)

This paper addresses the prospects for mitigating the loss limit of amplified coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) through the use of optical amplifiers, while maintaining the theme of cost effectiveness.
Camel nanobodies broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021)

Dromedary camel ( <i>Camelus dromedarius</i> ) V <sub>H</sub> H phage libraries were built for isolation of the nanobodies that broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Structure of an integrin αIIbβ3 transmembrane-cytoplasmic heterocomplex provides insight into integrin activation (2009)

Heterodimeric integrin adhesion receptors regulate diverse biological processes including angiogenesis, thrombosis and wound healing. The transmembrane-cytoplasmic domains (TMCDs) of integrins play a critical role in controlling activation of these receptors via an inside-out signaling mechanism, but the precise structural basis remains elusive. Here, we present the solution structure of integrin alphaIIb beta3 TMCD heterodimer, which reveals a right-handed coiled-coil conformation with 2 helices intertwined throughout the transmembrane region. The helices extend into the cytoplasm and form a clasp that differs significantly from a recently published alphaIIb beta3 TMCD structure. We show that while a point mutation in the clasp interface modestly activates alphaIIb beta3, additional mutations in the transmembrane interface have a synergistic effect, leading to extensive integrin activation. Detailed analyses and structural comparison with previous studies suggest that extensive integrin activation is a highly concerted conformational transition process, which involves transmembrane coiled-coil unwinding that is triggered by the membrane-mediated alteration and disengagement of the membrane-proximal clasp. Our results provide atomic insight into a type I transmembrane receptor heterocomplex and the mechanism of integrin inside-out transmembrane signaling.
Catalysis of Dioxygen Reduction by Thermus thermophilus Strain HB27 Laccase on Ketjen Black Electrodes (2012)

We present electrochemical analyses of the catalysis of dioxygen reduction by Thermus thermophilus strain HB27 laccase on ketjen black substrates. Our cathodes reliably produce 0.56 mA cm(-2) at 0.0 V vs Ag|AgCl reference at 30 °C in air-saturated buffer, under conditions of nonlimiting O(2) flux. We report the electrochemical activity of this laccase as a function of temperature, pH, time, and the efficiency of its conversion of dioxygen to water. We have measured the surface concentration of electrochemically active species, permitting the extraction of electron transfer rates at the enzyme-electrode interface: 1 s(-1) for this process at zero driving force at 30 °C and a limiting rate of 23 s(-1) at 240 mV overpotential at 50 °C.
Experience: Type alignment on DBpedia and Freebase (2016)

Linked Open Data exhibits growth in both volume and variety of published data. Due to this variety, instances of many different types (e.g. Person) can be found in published datasets. Type alignment is the problem of automatically matching types (in a possibly many-many fashion) between two such datasets. Type alignment is an important preprocessing step in instance matching. Instance matching concerns identifying pairs of instances referring to the same underlying entity. By performing type alignment a priori, only instances conforming to aligned types are processed together, leading to significant savings. This article describes a type alignment experience with two large-scale cross-domain RDF knowledge graphs, DBpedia and Freebase, that contain hundreds, or even thousands, of unique types. Specifically, we present a MapReduce-based type alignment algorithm and show that there are at least three reasonable ways of evaluating type alignment within the larger context of instance matching. We comment on the consistency of those results, and note some general observations for researchers evaluating similar algorithms on cross-domain graphs.
Interaction of Plant Profilin with Mammalian Actin (1994)

The mode of interaction of birch and bovine profilins with actin was compared using a number of techniques. Birch profilin was purified from pollen or as a recombinant protein from Escherichia coli, using poly(L-proline) affinity chromatography and a monoclonal antibody for the identification of the isolated product. On two-dimensional gels, the genuine and recombinant proteins were identical in molecular mass and isoelectric point and revealed that birch profilin, in contrast to the basic profilins found in mammals, is an acidic protein, analogous to maize profilins. Bovine profilin was obtained from calf thymus. In viscometric assays, the birch protein was seen to modulate actin filament formation analogous to animal profilin. Birch profilin increased the critical concentration required for muscle and brain actin polymerization in a concentration-dependent manner, supporting the notion of the formation of a heterologous complex between the plant protein and animal actin. The effect was Mg(2+)-sensitive, as had been described for homologous complexes. The dissociation constants obtained for the plant/vertebrate and the vertebrate/vertebrate system were both in the micromolar range. The affinity of birch profilin for muscle actin was slightly lower than that for nonmuscle (brain) actin. A binary complex of birch profilin and skeletal muscle actin could be isolated by gel chromatography. Cross-linking experiments with actin, birch profilin, the G-actin binding peptide thymosin beta 4 and gelsolin segment 1, the N-terminal fragment of an actin capping protein, showed that profilin competed with thymosin beta 4, but had no effect on segment 1 binding to actin. These data indicate that the actin-binding domains in plant and animal profilins are functionally highly conserved, although the overall sequence similarity is less than 25%.
Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by semi-synthetic derivatives of glycopeptide antibiotics (2011)

Semi-synthetic derivatives of teicoplanin aglycone constitute a novel class of HCV replication inhibitors that are not cross-resistant with various HCV protease and polymerase inhibitors and in particular are potent in clearing hepatoma cells of their replicons. This class of molecules also provides a good tool to obtain novel insights into the replication cycle of HCV and into cellular factors/processes that are crucial for viral replication.
On the effects of oscillatory blowing on rapidly deflected flap (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0195.vid The flowfield transients of a NACA 0018 wing equipped with an array of oscillatory-blowing actuators executing rapid trailing-edge flap maneuvers are experimentally investigated in a water tunnel. The wing is held fixed, oriented at alpha = 5deg, alpha = 10deg and alpha = 15deg to present a prototypical attached, separated and massively-separated flowfield at a chord-based Reynolds number of Re = 2.5 x 10^4. The wing spans the width of the test section to present a nominally two-dimensional flow and the flap length amounts to 25% of the total chord length. The oscillatory-blowing actuators are uniformly distributed across the wing span with exits located at the 70% chord-wise position, just prior to flap hinge. The resulting blowing frequency of a given actuator is F+ = 9.14 with a momentum coefficient of Cu = 4.4%. In static wing tests it is revealed that the actuator array is capable of establishing flow reattachment. In rapid flap-deflection maneuvers it is shown that the addition of blowing actuation is cause for suppression of leading-edge shear roll-up that is characteristic of rapid flap deflection in the absence blowing. It is postulated that the combined effect of flap maneuvers and blowing may yield expanded bandwidth in applications of closed-loop control given the absence of significant transient formations and their associated time scales.
Model-based compression in wireless ad hoc networks (2003)

We present a technique for compression of shortest paths routing tables for wireless ad hoc networks. The main characteristic of such networks is that geographic location of nodes determines network topology. As opposed to encoding individual node locations, at each node our approach groups the remaining nodes in the network into regions. All shortest paths to nodes in a specific region are routed via the same neighboring node. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for dividing a network field into distinct regions to minimize routing table size while guaranteeing shortest path routes. We show that this problem is NP-hard, propose a heuristic to find efficient solutions, and empirically demonstrate the resulting system performance from the perspective of compression ratio and scalability. In our experiments, routing tables compressed using this technique, require 88.9% to 97.9% less storage than uncompressed tables.In order to achieve energy efficient routing, we propose an augmentation to the original routing mechanism that enables load balancing flexibility along with guaranteed shortest path routing at the expense of larger routing tables. Preliminary experiments estimate 10% lifetime extension of network nodes with a tradeoff of an increase in the size of routing tables. Finally, we propose a compression technique that aims at representing trajectories in a sensing network in a compact manner. This approach relies on trajectory prediction using three weighted Markov models, a local, regional and global one, all of them with context-length equal to one. Finally, we discuss a range of possible applications that rely on the developed prediction and routing models.
Abstract #2048: SAR650984, a humanized anti-CD38 antibody, shows potent in vitro activity by multiple mechanisms against various hematologic tumor cell lines. (2009)

SAR650984 is a humanized anti-CD38 antibody, co-developed with sanofi-aventis, in pre-clinical development for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. We have shown previously that this antibody can function through multiple mechanisms of action in vitro : apoptosis, complement-dependent cytolysis (CDC), and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (ASH 2008 Abstract #2756). Here we report a comprehensive examination of CD38 expression and in vitro activities of SAR650984 against a panel of CD38-positive human tumor cells lines derived from different hematologic disease indications: non-Hodgkin\#8217;s lymphoma, multiple myeloma and leukemia. SAR650984 showed pro-apoptotic activity, as measured by Annexin-V staining, against seven of these cell lines: Daudi, Ramos, SU-DHL-8, Raji, Namalwa, Molp-8, and DND-41. The maximum percentage of Annexin-V positive cells ranged from 11% to 90% and EC50 values from 0.02 to 0.2 nM. In addition, SAR650984 mediated strong complement-dependent lysis against Daudi, Ramos, SU-DHL-8, Raji, Molp-8, LP-1, and DND-41 with a maximum percentage of specific lysis between 22% and 95% and EC50 values from 0.1 nM to 0.4 nM. Finally, SAR650984 exerted potent ADCC activity through purified human NK cells against all tumor cell lines tested. The maximum percentage of NK-mediated lysis by SAR650984 ranged from 23% to 100% depending on the cell line and the EC50 values were between 1 and 30 pM. CD38 expression levels, measured quantitatively by flow cytometry using the BD Quantibrite method, ranged from 60,000 to 823,000 antibodies bound per cell (ABC). Cell lines expressing the highest levels of CD38 were subject to the most potent CDC activity by SAR650984, suggesting a correlation between CD38 expression levels and in vitro CDC activity by SAR650984. No correlation was observed in this set of cell lines between the levels of antigen expression and apoptotic or ADCC activity. SAR650984 showed strong in vivo efficacy in a xenograft model derived from the Molp-8 multiple myeloma cell line against which it was active in vitro . In an early stage Molp-8 model with palpable tumors, 8 of 10 animals remained tumor free through the end of the study after treatment with 40 mg/kg of SAR650984 twice weekly for 3 weeks. In conclusion, SAR650984 mediates pro-apoptotic, complement-mediated lysis and ADCC activity against a variety of cells lines derived from lymphoma, multiple myeloma and leukemia, and this potent in vitro activity translates into potent in vivo efficacy. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2048.
A Novel Electron Emitter Utilizing Ferroelectric Ceramic Material (2006)

A novel electron emitter utilizing the characteristics of ferroelectric ceramic materials has been developed. The electron emitter has a simple structure formed by using a thick film process, a small emission angle dispersion and its own memory function. The electron-emitting portion of the electron emitter has a unique microstructure. This micro-structure produces a novel two-step electron emission process by combining field emission characteristics with the ferroelectric characteristics of ceramic materials. To evaluate the electron emitter, a 4.3-inch prototype display panel was built that displayed a moving colored image using 128 gray scales per color.
Debugging temporal specifications with concept analysis (2003)

Program verification tools (such as model checkers and static analyzers) can find many errors in programs. These tools need formal specifications of correct program behavior, but writing a correct specification is difficult, just as writing a correct program is difficult. Thus, just as we need methods for debugging programs, we need methods for debugging specifications.This paper describes a novel method for debugging formal, temporal specifications. Our method exploits the short program execution traces that program verification tools generate from specification violations and that specification miners extract from programs. Manually examining these traces is a straightforward way to debug a specification, but this method is tedious and error-prone because there may be hundreds or thousands of traces to inspect. Our method uses concept analysis to automatically group the traces into highly similar clusters. By examining clusters instead of individual traces, a person can debug a specification with less work.To test our method, we implemented a tool, Cable, for debugging specifications. We have used Cable to debug specifications produced by Strauss, our specification miner. We found that using Cable to debug these specifications requires, on average, less than one third as many user decisions as debugging by examining all traces requires. In one case, using Cable required only 28 decisions, while debugging by examining all traces required 224.
ROBUST MORPHOLOGICALLY CONTINUOUS FOURIER DESCRIPTORS I: PROJECTION-GENERATED DESCRIPTORS (1992)

By generating Fourier descriptors based upon the waveform induced by a pattern's geometric projection, a number of classic difficulties with the Fourier-descriptor methodology are mitigated. Not only are the descriptors invariant with respect to scale, translation, and rotation (as is usually the case), they are also continuous in the Hausdorff metric and robust with respect to both point noise and occlusion. An additional advantage is that they can be computed relative to a thresholded image without first finding an edge, thereby avoiding the difficulties typically present in thinning and orientation determination. The present paper discusses the method of projection-generated Fourier descriptors, as well as a study of the sensitivity to point noise. A companion paper will present the morphological properties and the effect of pattern occlusion.
Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Metastasis: Potential as Therapeutic Targets and Materials (2020)

The vast majority of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis of the primary tumor that develops years to decades after apparent cures. However, it is difficult to effectively prevent or treat cancer metastasis. Recent studies have shown that communication between cancer cells and surrounding cells enables cancer progression and metastasis. The comprehensive term "extracellular vesicles" (EVs) describes lipid bilayer vesicles that are secreted to outside cells; EVs are well-established mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs participate in cancer progression and metastasis by transferring bioactive molecules, such as proteins and RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), between cancer and various cells in local and distant microenvironments. Clinically, EVs functioning as diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, or even as anticancer drug-delivery vehicles have been emphasized as a result of their unique biological and pathophysiological characteristics. The potential therapeutic effects of EVs in cancer treatment are rapidly emerging and represent a new and important area of research. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of EVs and discusses their utility for the inhibition of cancer progression, including metastasis.