gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dramatic decrease of circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in Kawasaki disease after gamma globulin treatment (1999)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis preferentially affecting coronary arteries. Extensive monocytes/macrophages infiltrate in the vascular lesions, implying the involvement of a chemotactic cytokine in their recruitment. We investigated the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, also termed monocyte chemotactic and activating factor) in KD. In the immunohistochemical studies using the cardiac tissues of patients with fatal KD, MCP-1 but not interleukin (IL) -8 or macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha was localized at the extracellular matrix associated with mononuclear cellular infiltration. The sites of MCP-1 expression correlated with the distribution of the acute inflammation, including early coronary vasculitis. In prospectively studied patients with KD, circulating levels of MCP-1, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-1alpha were elevated in 73, 77, 57, and 0% of samples before gamma globulin (GG) treatment (400 mg/kg x 5 days = total 2 g/kg), respectively, compared with respective control values. GG treatment correlated with a rapid decrease in the circulating levels of MCP-1 (P = 0.001) but not IL-8 (P = 0.19) or TNF-alpha (P = 0.33). In the sensitive Western blotting, MCP-1 bound to GG. Furthermore, GG inhibited the MCP-1-induced Ca2+ influx in a human monocytic cell line in vitro. These findings suggest a role of MCP-1 in KD, and indicate that GG treatment may block MCP-1 activity, thus alleviating KD vasculitis.
Loose Binding of the DF Axis with the A3B3 Complex Stimulates the Initial Activity of Enterococcus hirae V1-ATPase (2013)

Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) function as proton pumps in various cellular membrane systems. The hydrophilic V1 portion of the V-ATPase is a rotary motor, in which a central-axis DF complex rotates inside a hexagonally arranged catalytic A3B3 complex by using ATP hydrolysis energy. We have previously reported crystal structures of Enterococcushirae V-ATPase A3B3 and A3B3DF (V1) complexes; the result suggested that the DF axis induces structural changes in the A3B3 complex through extensive protein-protein interactions. In this study, we mutated 10 residues at the interface between A3B3 and DF complexes and examined the ATPase activities of the mutated V1 complexes as well as the binding affinities between the mutated A3B3 and DF complexes. Surprisingly, several V1 mutants showed higher initial ATPase activities than wild-type V1-ATPase, whereas these mutated A3B3 and DF complexes showed decreased binding affinities for each other. However, the high ATP hydrolysis activities of the mutants decreased faster over time than the activity of the wild-type V1 complex, suggesting that the mutants were unstable in the reaction because the mutant A3B3 and DF complexes bound each other more weakly. These findings suggest that strong interaction between the DF complex and A3B3 complex lowers ATPase activity, but also that the tight binding is responsible for the stable ATPase activity of the complex.
Subthreshold response of rf SQUIDs to a general external perturbation (1986)

We consider a rf SQUID subjected to an external magnetic flux that includes dc, periodic, and stochastic components. Using a previously developed linearization technique, the response of the SQUID (below its hysteresis threshold) to this force is determined as a function of the internal parameters of the device. The measurement process, wherein the flux sensed by the SQUID is coupled to a tank circuit, is also considered. The results obtained, using the linearization technique referred to above, are compared with previously reported work on this subject. It is seen that, while not exact, this technique allows one to compute, analytically, the response (measured as an autocorrelation function or its associated spectral density) very accurately below the SQUID hysteresis threshold.
Malaria epidemics in Europe after the First World War: the early stages of an international approach to the control of the disease (2011)

The severity and endemicity of malaria declined gradually in Europe until WWI. During and after the war, the number of malaria cases increased substantially and peaked in 1922-1924. This prompted the Hygiene Commission of the League of Nations to establish a Malaria Commission in 1923 to define the most efficient anti-malaria procedures. Additionally, between 1924 and 1930 there were several international meetings and collaborations concerning malaria, which involved the main institutes of parasitology and the Rockefeller Foundation. The Commission reports, the guidelines for anti-malaria campaigns and the scientific programs which came out of these meetings and collaborations are analyzed in the present paper.
Identification and characterization of second-generation EZH2 inhibitors with extended residence times and improved biological activity (2021)

The histone methyltransferase EZH2 has been the target of numerous small-molecule inhibitor discovery efforts over the last 10+ years. Emerging clinical data have provided early evidence for single agent activity with acceptable safety profiles for first-generation inhibitors. We have developed kinetic methodologies for studying EZH2-inhibitor-binding kinetics that have allowed us to identify a unique structural modification that results in significant increases in the drug-target residence times of all EZH2 inhibitor scaffolds we have studied. The unexpected residence time enhancement bestowed by this modification has enabled us to create a series of second-generation EZH2 inhibitors with sub-pM binding affinities. We provide both biophysical evidence validating this sub-pM potency and biological evidence demonstrating the utility and relevance of such high-affinity interactions with EZH2.
The risk of surgical site infection of oral sulfate tablet versus sodium picosulfate for bowel preparation in colorectal cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial (2022)

Although we could not establish the noninferiority of oral sulfate tablets to sodium picosulfate, we found no evidence suggesting that oral sulfate tablets are less safe or tolerable than sodium picosulfate in preoperative bowel preparation.
Infrared spectroscopy of unsupported metal cluster complexes using multiple photon dissociation (1986)

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Dissociation of GaSb in n-Type PbTe: off-Centered Gallium Atom and Weak Electron–Phonon Coupling Provide High Thermoelectric Performance (2021)

Many strategies have been employed to maintain an “optimal carrier concentration” to achieve a high thermoelectric power factor in n-type PbTe. Here, we show that a high power factor can also be achieved over a broad temperature range without attaining the optimal carrier concentration by alloying n-type PbTe with GaSb. We find that GaSb dissociates into Ga and Sb and dissolves into the PbTe matrix. Ga atoms introduce impurity levels above the valence band of PbTe giving rise to diminished electron–phonon coupling and an increased carrier effective mass leading to a high Seebeck coefficient of −87 μV K–1 and a high carrier mobility of 810 cm2 V–1s–1 at 300 K. As a result, a high power factor of 29 μW cm–1 K–2 at 323 K is achieved. Phonon band-structure calculations show that Ga is off-centered (0.05 Å) from Pb site along the ⟨111⟩ direction leading to a reduced lattice thermal conductivity of 0.7 W m–1 K–1 and a maximum thermoelectric figure of merit of 1.35 at 773 K in PbTe0.997I0.003–2 mol % GaSb. The dissolution of III–V semiconductors in lead telluride is a new finding with broader implications and opens new avenues in controlling thermal and charge transport in advanced thermoelectric materials.
Branched Block Copolymers for Tuning of Morphology and Feature Size in Thin Film Nanolithography (2016)

A library of Y-shaped poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-b-poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA) diblock copolymers and their corresponding linear counterparts were synthesized, and their morphologies and feature sizes in bulk and thin films were compared using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning force microscopy (SFM), and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GI-SAXS). For macromolecular isomers with approximately the same molecular weights and volume fractions (PLA fL: 0.20 and 0.35), different thin film morphologies were obtained for the Y-shaped PDMS-b-PLA derivatives when compared to the corresponding linear derivatives. These data also gave us the option to determine some of the key parameters of these block copolymers. A relatively high χ value of 0.24 was found for these PDMS-b-PLA systems and was shown to be influenced by architecture.
Adaptive Neural Trajectory Tracking Control for Flexible-Joint Robots with Online Learning (2020)

Collaborative robots and space manipulators contain significant joint flexibility. It complicates the control design, compromises the control bandwidth, and limits the tracking accuracy. The imprecise knowledge of the flexible joint dynamics compounds the challenge. In this paper, we present a new control architecture for controlling flexible-joint robots. Our approach uses a multi-layer neural network to approximate unknown dynamics needed for the feedforward control. The network may be viewed as a linear-in-parameter representation of the robot dynamics, with the nonlinear basis of the robot dynamics connected to the linear output layer. The output layer weights are updated based on the tracking error and the nonlinear basis. The internal weights of the nonlinear basis are updated by online backpropagation to further reduce the tracking error. To use time scale separation to reduce the coupling of the two steps - the update of the internal weights is at a lower rate compared to the update of the output layer weights. With the update of the output layer weights, our controller adapts quickly to the unknown dynamics change and disturbances (such as attaching a load). The update of the internal weights would continue to improve the converge of the nonlinear basis functions. We show the stability of the proposed scheme under the "outer loop" control, where the commanded joint position is considered as the control input. Simulation and physical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller on a Baxter robot, which exhibits significant joint flexibility due to the series-elastic joint actuators.
Teaching green chemistry. Third-year-level module and beyond (2001)

Abstract Teaching green chemistry at Monash University started in earnest in 1999 with the launch of a 12-lecture final year undergraduate course. The course was designed to introduce students to the field of green chemistry. The students had no prior knowledge of the field or indeed what green chemistry meant. The course covered a definition of green chemistry, historical issues, and challenges, together with an introduction to the principles and tools of green chemistry, evaluating the effects of chemistry and technology, general areas of green chemistry, and presenting examples of successful and developing green chemistry technologies. Several general references were used, although specific examples were from the primary literature. Another feature of the course was the analysis of recent papers. In addition, experiments linking into the course have been developed, and there are plans for postgraduate training, professional development, and community outreach involving postgraduate candidates.
Advances in Routing Technologies and Internet Peering Agreements (2001)

Advances in Routing Technologies and Internet Peering Agreements by Stanley Besen, Paul Milgrom, Bridger Mitchell and Padmanabhan Srinagesh. Published in volume 91, issue 2, pages 292-296 of American Economic Review, May 2001
The Gut Microbiome and Xenobiotics: Identifying Knowledge Gaps (2020)

There is an increasing awareness that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in human health and disease, but mechanistic insights are often lacking. In June 2018, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) held a workshop, "The Gut Microbiome: Markers of Human Health, Drug Efficacy and Xenobiotic Toxicity" (https://hesiglobal.org/event/the-gut-microbiome-workshop) to identify data gaps in determining how gut microbiome alterations may affect human health. Speakers and stakeholders from academia, government, and industry addressed multiple topics including the current science on the gut microbiome, endogenous and exogenous metabolites, biomarkers, and model systems. The workshop presentations and breakout group discussions formed the basis for identifying data gaps and research needs. Two critical issues that emerged were defining the microbial composition and function related to health and developing standards for models, methods and analysis in order to increase the ability to compare and replicate studies. A series of key recommendations were formulated to focus efforts to further understand host-microbiome interactions and the consequences of exposure to xenobiotics as well as identifying biomarkers of microbiome-associated disease and toxicity.
A digital Doherty transmitter suitable for wireless infrastructure efficiency enhancement (2011)

The present work proposes a digital Doherty power amplifier (PA) with improved efficiency performance. The efficiency enhancement is achieved by using a digital adaptive phase alignment mechanism that is implemented to address the problem of power-dependent phase imbalance between the carrier and peaking cells of gallium-nitride (GaN) Doherty PAs following the turn-on of the peaking cell. An average efficiency of 57% has been measured using a one-carrier Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 7 dB. This corresponds to an improvement of 7% in average efficiency with no linearity degradation compared to a conventional single-input fully analog Doherty PA.
Structure of catalytically active Rh–In bimetallic phase for amination of alcohols (2014)

The structure of Rh–In bimetallic catalysts supported on carbon for amination of alcohols was determined by XRD, TEM-EDX, XPS, CO adsorption and EXAFS. At low In/Rh ratio (In/Rh ≤ 0.2), Rh metal particles with sizes of <3 nm were observed, and the particles were partially covered with indium oxide species. With addition of more In, a tetragonal RhIn alloy with a particle size of ∼20 nm was formed. This tetragonal alloy has a structure with a = 0.315 nm and c = 0.328 nm where metal atoms are located at (0, 0, 0) and (0.5, 0.5, 0.5). The catalytic activity of the tetragonal RhIn alloy is much higher than that of Rh metal particles with or without indium oxide species. With an excess amount of In (In/Rh > 1) on the high Rh loading (20 wt%) catalyst, the cubic RhIn phase with a CsCl structure was observed instead of the tetragonal RhIn phase, and the catalytic activity was much decreased.
Implementing and Combining Specifications (2004)

I wrote this note to help some Microsoft developers understand how they could write TLA+ specifications of the software they were designing. Their biggest problem was figuring out how to specify an API (Application Programming Interface) in TLA+, since there were no published examples of such specifications. The note also explains two other things they didn’t understand: what it means to implement an API specification and how to use an API specification in specifying a system that calls the API.
Measurement and Modeling of Torrefaction Processing for Human Solid Waste Management in Space (2017)

Michael Serio, Advanced Fuel Research, Inc., USA
Biomechanical Effects of Transoral Odontoidectomy (1995)

The acute biomechanical effects of transoral odontoidectomy were studied by using qualitative and quantitative methods to assess atlantoaxial motion. In vitro biomechanical testing was performed on the upper cervical spines of eight baboon and five human cadaveric specimens. Using an unconstrained testing apparatus, we performed a flexibility method of testing. Physiological range loading was applied to atlantoaxial specimens, and three-dimensional motion was analyzed with stereophotogrammetry. Force-deformation relationships were delineated in intact specimens and again after surgical removal of the anterior C1 arch, odontoid process, and transverse atlantal ligament. We studied the total range of rotational and linear motions, the behavior of the neutral zone and elastic zone, the flexibility coefficients, and the instantaneous axes of rotation during flexion, extension, bilateral lateral bending, and bilateral axial rotation. Odontoidectomy produced several distinct alterations in motion and in force-deformation responses at C1-C2 that were almost identical in the baboon and human specimens. After odontoidectomy, the atlas developed significantly increased translational movements, which were most prominent in the anteroposterior direction. The total angular range of motion increased significantly during flexion, extension, and lateral bending but not during axial rotation. When the total range of motion was altered, the neutral zone was affected selectively and the elastic zone was spared. Surgery produced mobile, widely spread, unconstrained instantaneous axes of rotation that were in a constrained, fixed position in intact specimens. Clinically, transoral odontoidectomy may predispose patients to spinal instability. Even if acute spinal instability is not apparent, the patients may be susceptible to the delayed effects of the surgery because of the altered anatomy and biomechanical responses.
Prophylactic Active Tau Immunization Leads to Sustained Reduction in Both Tau and Amyloid-β Pathologies in 3xTg Mice (2017)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies are intertwined in Alzheimer's disease, and various immunotherapies targeting these hallmarks are in clinical trials. To determine if tau pathology influences Aβ burden and to assess prophylactic benefits, 3xTg and wild-type mice received tau immunization from 2-6 months of age. The mice developed a high IgG titer that was maintained at 22 months of age. Pronounced tau and Aβ pathologies were primarily detected in the subiculum/CA1 region, which was therefore the focus of analysis. The therapy reduced histopathological tau aggregates by 70-74% overall (68% in males and 78-86% in females), compared to 3xTg controls. Likewise, western blot analysis revealed a 41% clearance of soluble tau (38-76% in males and 48% in females) and 42-47% clearance of insoluble tau (47-58% in males and 49% in females) in the immunized mice. Furthermore, Aβ burden was reduced by 84% overall (61% in males and 97% in females). These benefits were associated with reductions in microgliosis and microhemorrhages. In summary, prophylactic tau immunization not only prevents tau pathology but also Aβ deposition and related pathologies in a sustained manner, indicating that tau pathology can promote Aβ deposition, and that a short immunization regimen can have a long-lasting beneficial effect.
On the organization and thermal behavior of functional groups on Ti 3 C 2 MXene surfaces in vacuum (2017)

The two-dimensional (2D) MXene Ti(3)C(2)Tx is functionalized by surface groups (T-x) that determine its surface properties for, e.g. electrochemical applications. The coordination and thermal properties of these surface groups has, to date, not been investigated at the atomic level, despite strong variations in the MXene properties that are predicted from different coordinations and from the identity of the functional groups. To alleviate this deficiency, and to characterize the functionalized surfaces of single MXene sheets, the present investigation combines atomically resolved in situ heating in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and STEM simulations with temperature-programmed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TP-XPS) in the room temperature to 750 degrees C range. Using these techniques, we follow the surface group coordination at the atomic level. It is concluded that the F and O atoms compete for the DFT-predicted thermodynamically preferred site and that at room temperature that site is mostly occupied by F. At higher temperatures, F desorbs and is replaced by O. Depending on the O/F ratio, the surface bare MXene is exposed as F desorbs, which enables a route for tailored surface functionalization.
MMB4 DMS (2013)

The objectives of these studies were to determine the cardiopulmonary effects of a single intramuscular administration of 1,1'-methylenebis[4-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-pyridinium] dimethanesulfonate (MMB4 DMS) on dogs and on the central nervous system in rats. On days 1, 8, 15, and 22, male and female dogs received either vehicle (water for injection/0.5% benzyl alcohol/methane sulfonic acid) or MMB4 DMS (20, 50, or 100 mg/kg). Pulmonary function was evaluated for the first 5 hours after concurrent dosing with cardiovascular monitoring; then cardiovascular monitoring continued for 72 hours after dosing. Rats were dosed once by intramuscular injection with vehicle (water for injection/0.5% benzyl alcohol/methane sulfonic acid) or MMB4 DMS (60, 170, or 340 mg/kg). In dogs, 100 mg/kg MMB4 DMS resulted in increased blood pressure, slightly increased heart rate, slightly prolonged corrected QT, and moderately increased respiratory rate. There were no toxicological effects of MMB4 DMS on neurobehavioral function in rats administered up to 340 mg/kg MMB4 DMS.
Electroporation mediated DNA vaccination directly to a mucosal surface results in improved immune responses (2013)

In vivo electroporation (EP) has been shown to be a highly efficient non-viral method for enhancing DNA vaccine delivery and immunogenicity, when the site of immunization is the skin or muscle of animals and humans. However, the route of entry for many microbial pathogens is via the mucosal surfaces of the human body. We have previously reported on minimally invasive, surface and contactless EP devices for enhanced DNA delivery to dermal tissue. Robust antibody responses were induced following vaccine delivery in several tested animal models using these devices. Here, we investigated extending the modality of the surface device to efficiently deliver DNA vaccines to mucosal tissue. Initially, we demonstrated reporter gene expression in the epithelial layer of buccal mucosa in a guinea pig model. There was minimal tissue damage in guinea pig mucosal tissue resulting from EP. Delivery of a DNA vaccine encoding influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza H1N1 elicited robust and sustained systemic IgG antibody responses following EP-enhanced delivery in the mucosa. Upon further analysis, IgA antibody responses were detected in vaginal washes and sustained cellular immune responses were detected in animals immunized at the oral mucosa with the surface EP device. This data confirms that DNA delivery and EP targeting mucosal tissue directly results in both robust and sustainable humoral as well as cellular immune responses without tissue damage. These responses are seen both in the mucosa and systemically in the blood. Direct DNA vaccine delivery enhanced by EP in mucosa may have important clinical applications for delivery of prophylactic and therapeutic DNA vaccines against diseases such as HIV, HPV and pneumonia that enter at mucosal sites and require both cellular and humoral immune responses for protection.