gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
800-MHz Bandwidth Signal Transmission with Radio over Multi-Mode-Fiber for Cascaded IFoF-Based C-RAN Mobile Fronthaul (2021)

We report the signal transmission with an analog radio over multi-mode fiber (A-RoMMF) subsystem using a single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser and a cost-efficient bias-tee consisting of a coupling transmission line with an electrical circuit pattern. The frequency response of the coupling transmission line has a slope inverse to that of the A-RoMMF subsystem at the 28-GHz band to suppress the channel power difference of two component carrier signals for 800-MHz bandwidth signal transmission through a 200-m long multi-mode fiber (MMF). The evaluation was performed using 5th generation new radio (5G-NR) 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (64-QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with a center frequency of 28 GHz, two component carrier (CC), a bandwidth of 400 MHz/CC and subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz. Furthermore, we demonstrate the transmission of 5G-NR 64-QAM OFDM signals with two carrier component, a bandwidth of 400 MHz/CC and subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz signals when the novel A-RoMMF subsystem is adapted to a cascaded intermediate frequency over fiber based centralized radio access network mobile fronthaul system with a 200-m long MMF and 5-m distance wireless transmission.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Vancomycin CD and DE Ring Systems. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photocrosslinkable Polymeric Bicontinuous Microemulsions (2023)

We present an approach to photocrosslink bicontinuous microemulsions derived from ternary blends of poly(methoxyethyl acrylate) (PM, <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 4200 g/mol), poly(hexyl methacrylate-<i>co</i>-coumarin methacrylate) (PHC, <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 6800 g/mol), and PM-<i>b</i>-PHC diblock polymer (<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 19,400 g/mol) in a phase-selective manner, enabling structural characterization at an unprecedented level of detail. This strategy utilizes the [2 + 2] photodimerization reaction of coumarin derivatives to covalently crosslink blends without the use of harsh reagents or disruptive thermal treatment, thus preserving the intricate network structure throughout curing. The resulting crosslinked bicontinuous microemulsions exhibited rubbery behavior at elevated temperatures, achieving an elastic shear modulus of nearly 1 MPa at 70 °C, owing to the presence of the three-dimensional co-continuous network morphology. The dimensional stabilization afforded by crosslinking further allowed the microstructure to be directly imaged by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Contrary to recent theoretical findings, the BμE appears in a wide temperature and compositional window, suggesting that it is a robust feature of these blends. As a proof of concept demonstrating both the utility of bicontinuous microemulsion-derived materials and versatility of this strategy toward broader applications in energy storage and transport, the uncrosslinked portion of a cured blend was extracted by washing and replaced with an ionic liquid; the resultant heterogeneous solid electrolyte exhibited a room-temperature conductivity of 2 mS/cm, approximately one-quarter that of the pure ionic liquid.
Photodynamic therapy cures green fluorescent protein expressing RIF1 tumors in mice (2004)

Cancer is a leading cause of death among modern people, largely due to metastatic disease. The ideal cancer treatment should destroy both the primary tumor and distant metastases with minimal toxicity to normal tissue. This is best accomplished by educating the body's immune system to recognize the tumor as foreign so that after the primary tumor is destroyed, distant metastases will also be eradicated. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the IV administration of photosensitizers followed by illumination of the tumor with red light producing reactive oxygen species that eventually cause vascular shutdown and tumor cell apoptosis. Anti-tumor immunity is stimulated after PDT due to the acute inflammatory response, generation of tumor-specific antigens, and induction of heat-shock proteins. Combination regimens are likely to emerge in the future to even further enhance immunity. Green fluorescent protein is used as an optical reporter to non-invasively image the progression of mouse tumors, and in addition, may act as a foreign (jellyfish) antigen. We asked whether the response of tumor bearing mice to PDT differed when a non-immunogenic tumor cell line was transfected with GFP? We injected RIF-1 or RIF1-EGFP cells in the leg of C3H/HeN mice and both the cells and tumors grew equally well. We used two PDT protocols (benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) with 15-minute interval or Photofrin with 24-hour interval). The results showed significant differences between the responses of RIF1 or RIF1-EGFP tumors after BPD or Photofrin PDT and complete cures and mouse survival when RIF-1 EGFP tumors were treated with BPD. This increased tumor response may be due to antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and the presence of an artificial tumor antigen (GFP) that can produce a CD8 T-cell response against the whole tumor. The presence of antibodies against EGFP in mouse serum correlates with the hypothesis.
Oxidative Stress Modulates Complement Factor H Expression in Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells by Acetylation of FOXO3 (2007)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of severe vision loss in the elderly, is a complex disease that results from genetic modifications that increase susceptibility to environmental exposures. Smoking, a major source of oxidative stress, increases the incidence and severity of AMD, and antioxidants slow progression, suggesting that oxidative stress plays a major role. Polymorphisms in the complement factor H (CFH) gene that reduce activity of CFH increase the risk of AMD. In this study we demonstrate an interaction between these two risk factors, because oxidative stress reduces the ability of an inflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma, to increase CFH expression in retinal pigmented epithelial cells. The interferon-gamma-induced increase in CFH is mediated by transcriptional activation by STAT1, and its suppression by oxidative stress is mediated by acetylation of FOXO3, which enhances FOXO3 binding to the CFH promoter, reduces its binding to STAT1, inhibits STAT1 interaction with the CFH promoter, and reduces expression of CFH. Expression of SIRT1, a mammalian homolog of NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sir2, attenuated FOXO3 recruitment to the CFH regulatory region and reversed the H(2)O(2)-induced repression of CFH gene expression. These data suggest an important interaction between environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility in the pathogenesis of AMD and, by elucidating molecular signaling involved in the interaction, provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Inositol Phosphate Profiling of Fermented Cowpeas by 1H NMR Spectroscopy (2005)

The inositol phosphate content of naturally fermented cowpeas (Vigna sinensis var. Carilla) was studied using ion-pair HPLC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The fermented flour was extracted with 0.5 M HCl, and the extract was purified and fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography. 1H NMR allowed for the identification of two monophosphates [Ins(1 or 3)P1 and Ins(4 or 6)P1], one inositol diphosphate [Ins(1,4)P2], three inositol triphosphates [Ins(1,2,6)P3, Ins(1,5,6)P3, and Ins(1,4,5)P3], one inositol tetraphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4], and one inositol pentaphosphate [Ins(1,2,3,5,6)P5]. Some of these isomers [Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] are considered to play important biological roles in intracellular signaling.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Proposed Therapy in a Rat Model of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (2022)

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been employed in the past decade as therapeutic agents in various diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. We currently aimed to use MSC-EVs as potential treatment for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), a complex disorder with a variety of manifestations. MSC-EVs were intranasally administrated to salt-sensitive hypertension prone SBH/y rats that were DOCA-salt loaded (SBH/y-DS), which we have previously shown is a model of CSVD. MSC-EVs accumulated within brain lesion sites of SBH/y-DS. An in vitro model of an inflammatory environment in the brain demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties of MSC-EVs. Following in vivo MSC-EV treatment, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of SBH/y-DS cortices revealed downregulation of immune system response-related gene sets. In addition, MSC-EVs downregulated gene sets related to apoptosis, wound healing and coagulation, and upregulated gene sets associated with synaptic signaling and cognition. While no specific gene was markedly altered upon treatment, the synergistic effect of all gene alternations was sufficient to increase animal survival and improve the neurological state of affected SBH/y-DS rats. Our data suggest MSC-EVs act as microenvironment modulators, through various molecular pathways. We conclude that MSC-EVs may serve as beneficial therapeutic measure for multifactorial disorders, such as CSVD.
Extending objects to support multiple interfaces and access control (1990)

A mechanism, called views, that allows programmers to specify multiple interfaces for objects and to control explicitly access to each interface is described. This mechanism provides a simple and flexible means of specifying enforceable access restrictions at many levels of granularity. It also results in system organization that supports browsing based on a number of different criteria. Views is defined, some examples of its uses are given, the impact of views on system organization is discussed, and five approaches to implementing views are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The effect of pembrolizumab in combination with CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (2017)

103 Background: CD19-targeted CAR T cells show CR rates of 70-95% in B-ALL. Yet a subset of patients do not respond or relapse due to poor CAR T cell expansion and persistence. We hypothesized that PD-1 checkpoint pathway inhibition may improve CAR T cell expansion, function and persistence. Methods: Four children with relapsed B-ALL treated with murine (CTL019) or humanized (CTL119) anti-CD19 CAR T cells received 1-3 doses of the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab (PEM) for partial/no response or prior history of poor CAR T cell persistence starting 14d-2mo post CAR T cell infusion. Results: PEM increased and/or prolonged detection of circulating CAR T cells in all 4 children, with objective responses in 2/4. It was well tolerated, with fever in 2 pts and no autoimmune toxicity. Pts 1-3 received CTL119 for CD19+ relapse after prior murine CD19 CAR T cells. Pt 1 had 1.2% CD19+ residual disease despite expansion with detectable CTL119 by D28 and received PEM at 2mo for progressive disease with decreasing circulating CTL119. CTL119 became detectable at 0.2% of CD3+ cells by flow cytometry, but disease progressed. Pt 2 had no response after initial CTL119 expansion with a rapid disappearance by D28. After CTL119 reinfusion with PEM added 14d later, circulating CAR T cells remained detectable at 4.4% by D28, but disease progressed with decreased CD19 expression. In Pt 3, prior treatment with both CTL019 and CTL119 produced CR with poor CAR T cell persistence followed by CD19+ relapse. CTL119 reinfusion combined with PEM at D14 resulted in CR with prolonged CTL119 persistence (detectable at D50 compared to loss by D36 after 1 st CTL119 infusion). Pt 4 received PEM for widespread extramedullary (EM) involvement at D28 post CTL019 infusion despite marrow remission. Initial CTL019 expansion peaked at 63% at D10 and fell to 20% at D28. Resurgence of CTL019 expansion, with a 2 nd peak of 70% 11d after PEM, was associated with dramatic reduction in PET-avid disease by 3mo post CTL019. Conclusions: PEM was safely combined with CAR T cells and increased or prolonged CAR T cell detection, with objective responses seen. Immune checkpoint pathways may impact response to CAR T cell treatments and warrant further investigation. Clinical trial information: NCT02374333, NCT02906371.
Filtre réjecteur accordable monolithique en technologie GaN (2013)

National audience
Monodisperse Sn Nanocrystals as a Platform for the Study of Mechanical Damage during Electrochemical Reactions with Li (2013)

Monodisperse Sn spherical nanocrystals of 10.0 ± 0.2 nm were prepared in dispersible colloidal form. They were used as a model platform to study the impact of size on the accommodation of colossal volume changes during electrochemical lithiation using ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Significant mechanical damage was observed after full lithiation, indicating that even crystals at these very small dimensions are not sufficient to prevent particle pulverization that compromises electrode durability.
Ultrabroadband Nonlinear Optics in Dispersion Engineered Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguides (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate the first generation of dispersion-engineered periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides. These waveguides achieve ultra-broadband second-harmonic generation (SHG) and multi-octave supercontinuum generation (SCG) with record-low pulse energies. © 2019 The Author(s)
Positron emission tomography (PET) of pulmonary ventilation using N-13 (1985)

The accuracy of Xe-133 ventilation study is limited by several factors including two-dimensional character of the image, low photon energy, and significant solubility of Xe-133 in blood. These problems may be solved by PET with N-13 which is 13 times less soluble than Xe-133. This study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic accuracy of PET with N-13 to that of Xe-133 study. A Xe-133 ventilation study was also performed in the supine position. Then, PET images were compared to Xe-133 images in the corresponding 54 lung fields of 27 patients with obstructive airways disease. In 23 of 32 lung fields showing segmental air trapping, PET studies provided more detailed localization of ventilation abnormalities than Xe-133 studies. In all lung fields showing zonal or spotting air trapping, Xe-133 studies failed to clarify the accurate localization of ventilation abnormalities. In addition, EQ images of PET showed irregular defects suggesting severe ventilation abnormality in 11 of 54 lung fields, which were not detected by Xe-133 studies. The authors conclude that PET with N-13 is superior to Xe-133 study in evaluating ventilation abnormalities.
Water droplet bouncing on a hierarchical superhydrophobic surface fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis and ultraprecision machining (2022)

The ability of a water droplet to bounce on a superhydrophobic surface is an important indication of the surface wetting properties. In this study, a method integrating hydrothermal synthesis with ultraprecision machining (UPM) is reported for fabricating a hierarchical NiO-FAS-17 coated copper microgroove surface. Contact angles and water droplet bouncing behaviors were tested to evaluate the hydrophobicity of sample surfaces. Large contact angles over 160° and small contact angle hysteresis not exceeding 5° were recorded, showing good water repellency for the NiO-FAS-17 coating. The droplet bouncing results presented a larger first rebound height and stronger tendency of droplet break-up on the hierarchical NiO-FAS-17 coated microgroove surface in comparison with the NiO-FAS-17 coated flat surface, indicating a better hydrophobicity of the hierarchical surface. This reveals that the hydrophobicity of a surface can be enhanced by introducing UPM fabricated microgroove patterns into nanostructured surfaces that already possess good hydrophobicity.
Heme-Coordinating Inhibitors of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase. Iron−Thioether Coordination Is Stabilized by Hydrophobic Contacts without Increased Inhibitor Potency (2009)

The heme-thioether ligand interaction often occurs between heme iron and native methionine ligands, but thioether-based heme-coordinating (type II) inhibitors are uncommon due to the difficulty in stabilizing the Fe-S bond. Here, a thioether-based inhibitor (3) of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was designed, and its binding was characterized by spectrophotometry and crystallography. A crystal structure of inhibitor 3 coordinated to heme iron was obtained, representing, to our knowledge, the first crystal structure of a thioether inhibitor complexed to any heme enzyme. A series of related potential inhibitors (4-8) also were evaluated. Compounds 4-8 were all found to be type I (non-heme-coordinating) inhibitors of ferric nNOS, but 4 and 6-8 were found to switch to type II upon heme reduction to the ferrous state, reflecting the higher affinity of thioethers for ferrous heme than for ferric heme. Contrary to what has been widely thought, thioether-heme ligation was found not to increase inhibitor potency, illustrating the intrinsic weakness of the thioether-ferric heme linkage. Subtle changes in the alkyl groups attached to the thioether sulfur caused drastic changes in the binding conformation, indicating that hydrophobic contacts play a crucial role in stabilizing the thioether-heme coordination.
Bordetella evades the host immune system by inducing IL-10 through a type III effector, BopN (2009)

The inflammatory response is one of several host alert mechanisms that recruit neutrophils from the circulation to the area of infection. We demonstrate that Bordetella, a bacterial pathogen, exploits an antiinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), to evade the host immune system. We identified a Bordetella effector, BopN, that is translocated into the host cell via the type III secretion system, where it induces enhanced production of IL-10. Interestingly, the BopN effector translocates itself into the nucleus and is involved in the down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Using pharmacological blockade, we demonstrated that BopN-induced IL-10 production is mediated, at least in part, by its ability to block the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. We also showed that BopN blocks nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappaB p65 (NF-kappaBp65) but, in contrast, promotes nuclear translocation of NF-kappaBp50. A BopN-deficient strain was unable to induce IL-10 production in mice, resulting in the elimination of bacteria via neutrophil infiltration into the pulmonary alveoli. Furthermore, IL-10-deficient mice effectively eliminated wild-type as well as BopN mutant bacteria. Thus, Bordetella exploits BopN as a stealth strategy to shut off the host inflammatory reaction. These results explain the ability of Bordetella species to avoid induction of the inflammatory response.
Advances in Digital Imaging during Endoscopic Surgery (1999)

Background and Objective: Digital imaging capabilities have recently been incorporated into a number of video systems. Contrast enhancement when using a rigid or semirigid endoscope improves image definition by seeking out existing transitions in detail. Only the areas of transition are accentuated, whereas areas without detail are unaffected. During flexible endoscopy, fiberoptic bundles create a classic honeycomb appearance. The use of "fiberscope" filters minimizes this appearance by expanding the image of each fiberoptic fiber. We therefore assessed whether new developments in digital video image processing have improved image quality for endoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: Fifty urologists reviewed a video playback of various endourologic procedures. The type of endoscope was identified, but the urologic surgeon was blinded to the level of enhancement (high or low) or fiberscope filter (A or B) used. Each video clip was scored from 1 to 5 for the following image variables: identification of structure, detail of image, and background noise or interference. All results were averaged and compared using Student's paired t-test. Results: During rigid endoscopy, the high and low digital enhancement settings were both superior to no enhancement (P < 0.001), and high enhancement was better than low (P < 0.001). With semirigid endoscopic procedures, high and low digital enhancement were comparable but were superior to no enhancement (P < 0.001). Filters A and B were no better than no enhancement. There was a significant improvement noted with the use of filter A or B during flexible ureteroscopy over no enhancement (P < 0.001). In addition, filter A was better than filter B (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Digital enhancement settings during video endoscopy significantly improve images from rigid and semirigid endoscopes. The digital fiberscope filter significantly improves images obtained during flexible ureteroscopy. Digital image enhancement capabilities should be strongly considered when upgrading video systems. Digital technology must be further studied to improve clinical video imaging during endoscopic surgery.
The influence of metallization thickness on a microstripline-fed patch antenna (2002)

In the past, integral-equation modeling techniques such as the spectral-domain electric-field integral equation (EFIE) and the mixed-potential integral equation (MPIE) have been employed to accurately characterize microstrip patch antennas. However, due to an insufficient segmentation scheme for current densities inside a finitely thick microstrip, these methods are limited to an idealized microstrip patch with infinitesimal thickness. In the present paper, the spectral-domain EFIE formulation in conjunction with a suitable current expansion mechanism (first introduced in Becks and Wolff, 1992) for analysis of a microstrip via-holes and air-bridges, is used to evaluate the finite metallization thickness effects. For the first time, very rigorous theoretical results are demonstrated to illustrate the influence of metallization thickness on resonant frequency, reflection coefficient and current distribution of a microstripline-fed patch antenna.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The endocrine-gland-derived VEGF homologue Bv8 promotes angiogenesis in the testis: Localization of Bv8 receptors to endothelial cells (2003)

We recently identified an angiogenic mitogen, endocrine-gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF), with selective activity for endothelial cells of endocrine tissues. Here we describe the characterization of a highly related molecule, Bv8, also known as prokineticin-2. Human Bv8 shares 60% identity and 75% similarity with EG-VEGF. The human and mouse Bv8 genes share a common structure. Like EG-VEGF, Bv8 is able to induce proliferation, survival and migration of adrenal cortical capillary endothelial cells. Bv8 gene expression is induced by hypoxic stress. Bv8 expression occurs predominantly in the testis and is largely restricted to primary spermatocytes. Adenoviral delivery of Bv8 or EG-VEGF to the mouse testis resulted in a potent angiogenic response. We have localized the expression of the Bv8EG-VEGF receptors within the testis to vascular endothelial cells. The testis exhibits relatively high turnover of endothelial cells. Therefore, Bv8 and EG-VEGF, along with other factors such as VEGF-A, may maintain the integrity and also regulate proliferation of the blood vessels in the testis.