gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus at Ambient Temperatures (2010)

The stability of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was evaluated for temperatures appropriate to laboratory and field settings. Four North American (type 2) isolates (ATCC VR-2332, JA-142, MN-184, and Ingelvac(R) PRRS ATP vaccine virus) in cell culture medium (pH 7.5) were held at 1 of 4 temperatures (4, 10, 20, and 30 degrees C) and sampled over time. Samples were tested for infectious virus and total PRRSV RNA using median tissue culture infectious dose and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The rate of loss of infectious virus was expressed in terms of the time required for virus concentration to decline by one half (i.e., half-life [T(1/2)]). Statistical analysis found that temperature, but not virus isolate, had a significant effect on T(1/2), and a single nonlinear regression model was derived to predict T(1/2) for temperatures between 0 and 50 degrees C: T(1/2) = 243.54 e((-0.109*TEMP)). In contrast to changes over time in the concentration of infectious virus, no change in the concentration of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-detectable PRRSV was detected at any temperature and contact time. This information will be of interest to persons working in laboratory or field situations in which the control of PRRSV is important.
Room-Temperature Chemical Synthesis of Silver Telluride Nanowires (2009)

We have developed a room-temperature solution-phase route for the preparation of one-dimensional silver telluride nanowires (Ag2Te NWs). The Ag2Te NWs of 600 nm length and 20 nm diameter were synthesized by the reaction of tellurium nanowires (Te NWs) with silver nitrate (AgNO3) in water. We propose that Te NWs act as the template and the reducing agent simultaneously, enabling the formation of polycrystalline Ag2Te NWs. Various microscopic and spectroscopic tools, such as HRTEM, SEM, EDAX, XRD, DSC, XPS, and Raman, were used for the characterization of Ag2Te NWs. The phase transition corresponding to the structural transition from the low-temperature monoclinic phase to the high-temperature face-centered cubic phase occurs at 417.7 K. We studied the electrical resistance and investigated the influence of temperature on the thermal emf. The Seebeck coefficient showed a maximum of ∼142 μV K−1, a value much higher than that of the bulk material and thin films (65−130 μV K−1). A surface-enhanced Raman scattering investigation of dispersed Ag2Te NWs showed them to be sensitive up to 10−7 M crystal violet. The monodispersity and the homogeneity of the NWs through a simple solution-phase protocol would pave the way for further studies and applications.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Local HPV Recombinant Vaccinia Boost Following Priming with an HPV DNA Vaccine Enhances Local HPV-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell–Mediated Tumor Control in the Genital Tract (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Characterization of MAdCAM-1 expression in cervicovaginal tissue after vaccination&lt;/p&gt;
Angiotensin AT 1 Receptor Stimulates Heat Shock Protein 27 Phosphorylation In Vitro and In Vivo (2001)

The angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1)) exerts a variety of its signaling and cellular actions through its effects on protein phosphorylation. Phosphoproteomic analysis of angiotensin (Ang) II-stimulated aortic smooth muscle cells revealed that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) represents a major protein phosphorylation target of the AT(1) signaling pathway. Stimulation of cells with Ang II resulted in 1.7-fold (P<0.05) and 5.5-fold (P<0.001) increases in HSP27 phosphoisoforms at pI 5.7 and pI 5.4, respectively. This was accompanied by a 54% (P<0.01) decrease in the nonphosphorylated HSP27 isoform, located at pI 6.4. Treatment of samples with alkaline phosphatase reversed this redistribution of HSP27 phosphoisoforms. Ang II-stimulated HSP27 phosphorylation was completely blocked by pretreatment of cells with the AT(1) antagonist CV11974. Phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that Ang II-induced phosphorylation of both HSP27 phosphoisoforms occurred exclusively on serine. Protein kinase C inhibition completely blocked phorbol ester-induced HSP27 phosphorylation but did not impair Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation of HSP27, suggesting that AT(1) increased HSP27 phosphorylation by a protein kinase C-independent pathway. Intrajugular infusion of Ang II in rats increased HSP27 in aorta by 1.7-fold (P<0.02), and this response was inhibited by CV11974. These results suggest that Ang II-induced HSP27 phosphorylation is a physiologically relevant AT(1) signaling event. Because serine phosphorylation of HSP27 blocks its ability to cap F-actin, Ang II/AT(1)-induced HSP27 phosphorylation may play a key role in actin filament remodeling required for smooth muscle cell migration and contraction.
Electroactive characteristics of hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (2003)

Hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was prepared by the sequential-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) method. The equilibrium swelling ratio and bending behavior under electric fields of the IPN hydrogel were measured in aqueous NaCl solution. The IPN exhibited a high equilibrium swelling ratio, in the range 280~380%. When the IPN in aqueous NaCl solution is subjected to an electric field, the IPN showed significant and quick bending toward the cathode. The IPN hydrogel also showed stepwise bending behavior depending on the electric stimulus. In addition, ionic conductivity of the IPN hydrogel was measured using dielectric analysis (DEA). The ionic conductive behavior of IPN hydrogel follows the Arrhenius equation. The conductivity of IPN hydrogel and the activation energy for the form of the IPN were 1.68 &times;10<sup>-5 </sup>S/cm at 36 &deg;C and 61.0 kJ/mol, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATION OF A PROPOSED PENICILLIN G ACIDIC DEGRADATION SCHEME USING HIGH‐PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES AND MECHANISTIC CONSIDERATIONS (1984)

Abstract Nach Anwendung der genannten Verfahren wird gefolgert, daß der Abbau von Penicillin G (I), anders als im bisher beschriebenen Mechanismus, hauptsächlich über die Benzylpenillinsäure (III) verläuft, die jedoch nicht unmittelbar aus (I), sondern nur aus (II) hervorgehen kann.
<title>Visualization and analysis of functional cardiac MRI data</title> (1994)

Rapid analysis of large multi-dimensional data sets is critical for the successful implementation of a comprehensive MR cardiac exam. We have developed a software package for the analysis and visualization of cardiac MR data. The program allows interactive visualization of time and space stacks of MRI data, automatic segmentation of myocardial borders and myocardial tagging patterns, and visualization of functional parameters such a motion, strain, and blood flow, mapped as colors in an interactive dynamic 3D volume rendering of the beating heart.
Flexible tools for time reversal acoustics focusing applications (2007)

Time reversal focusing of acoustic waves has numerous biomedical applications including medical imaging, HIFU treatment, and targeted drug delivery. These various applications pose different requirements. Imaging requires a small spatial focused spot, which can be scanned in 2-D or 3-D; therapy requires high deposited energy and controlled-shape extended focus. Artann Laboratories is developing flexible tools including hardware, algorithms, and software with user-friendly interface as a universal platform for wide-range applications, based on the use of the time reversal focusing of acoustic waves. We have built a ten-channel electronic system with sampling frequency up to 33.3 MHz. It enables simultaneous broadcasting of independent arbitrary signals and recording of the response by a scanning receiver/beacon. A set of functions were developed to enable the control of this setup within Matlab, which offers a high level computing language for numerical computation. With a developed system, a diverse variety of experiments and data analysis can be conveniently conducted within the same platform. Illustrative results on numerous biomedical applications of the time reversal focusing obtained within this framework will be presented.
Gene Expression Profiling of Human Vaginal Cells In Vitro Discriminates Compounds with Pro-Inflammatory and Mucosa-Altering Properties: Novel Biomarkers for Preclinical Testing of HIV Microbicide Candidates (2015)

In vitro evaluation of the immunoinflammatory potential of microbicides using the PIC-associated genes defined in this study could help in the initial screening of candidates prior to entering clinical trials. Additional characterization of these genes can provide further insight into the cervicovaginal immunoinflammatory and mucosal-altering processes that facilitate or limit HIV transmission with implications for the design of prevention strategies.
In Situ Nanostructure Generation and Evolution within a Bulk Thermoelectric Material to Reduce Lattice Thermal Conductivity (2010)

We show experimentally the direct reduction in lattice thermal conductivity as a result of in situ nanostructure generation within a thermoelectric material. Solid solution alloys of the high-performance thermoelectric PbTe-PbS 8% can be synthesized through rapid cooling and subsequent high-temperature activation that induces a spontaneous nucleation and growth of PbS nanocrystals. The emergence of coherent PbS nanostructures reduces the lattice thermal conductivity from approximately 1 to approximately 0.4 W/mK between 400 and 500 K.
A New Perspective for Hydrogen Generation System with Stratified Material and Solar Energy (2003)

Stratified materials are defined as materials with nano-sized stratification that have been artificially controlled and designed. They are exemplified as a thin layer or stacked layers formed on surface of semiconductors. The present research is aiming at formation of controlled and designed stratification on surface of fine particles, leading to improvement of properties of fine particles which has been difficult to accomplish through the conventional particles engineering, and to development of novel properties created by the stratification.
A Randomized Withdrawal, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Tolerability of Tapentadol Extended Release in Patients With Chronic Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (2014)

Tapentadol ER (100-250 mg bid) was effective and well tolerated for the management of moderate to severe chronic pain associated with DPN.
Cellulose nanocrystal-derived hollow mesoporous carbon spheres and their application as a metal-free catalyst (2017)

In this contribution, we demonstrate the fabrication of hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HCSs) derived from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The HCSs were prepared by templating CNCs onto sacrificial silica spheres followed by heat treatment. Mesoporous carbon spheres result from the removal of the silica spheres by etching. The walls of the HCSs are approximately 4 nm thick and are composed of amorphous and graphitic carbon. The catalytic activity of the HCSs was investigated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) by sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>). The present investigation reveals the outstanding catalytic activity of these particles. The reaction rate followed pseudo-first order kinetics with k value of 4.72 × 10<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and activity parameter of 52.2 s<sup>-1</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>, which showed superior performance compared to that of metal nanoparticle and metal nanoparticle-carbon hybrid based catalysts.
BMP signalling in growth plate chondrocytes: a Boolean modelling approach (2010)

In vivo, long bones are formed by the developmental process of endochondral ossification. This developmental process is robust and behaves as an autoregulatory module. These characteristics are highly desirable in an in vitro tissue engineering process that aims to grow bone tissue for the treatment of large bone defects. In order to control and regulate such a biomimetic process it is paramount to be able to interpret and analyze the regulatory signalling pathways. During endochondral ossification, BMP signalling plays a crucial role by regulating chondrocyte growth and differentiation. Due to the many cross talks and feedback mechanisms present between signalling pathways, they display a network like structure. Boolean or logical modelling has become a promising approach to capture the qualitative behaviour of such complex networks. In this study, a large-scale literature-based Boolean model of the growth plate network was developed. The incorporation of BMP downstream effectors, such as Dlx5 and MEF2C, is crucial in describing the BMP regulation in growth plate chondrocytes. BMP regulation is dependent on interaction with many other local signalling pathways, including Wnt, TGFβ, the Ihh/PTHrP feedback loop and FGF. The use of multi-value logic was indispensable to capture the behaviour of the growth plate network. The model is implemented in GINsim (Gene Interaction Network simulation), a program geared towards Boolean modelling. Spatial migration through the growth plate was modelled by altering the expression level of external ligands (Ihh/PTHrP, TGFβ & Wnt) that are expressed locally in prehypertrophic chondrocytes or the perichondrium surrounding the growth plate. The network is able to capture the different stable states (resting, proliferating and hypertrophic) the chondrocytes go through as they progress through the growth plate. The prehypertrophic state was predicted to be an unstable state at the transition between proliferation and hypertrophy, similar to experimental observations. In a first corroboration step, the effect of mutations in various signalling pathways, including a Smad knockout, of the growth plate network was investigated. Simulation results were compared to experimental observations in the corresponding mutant mouse models displaying phenotypes similar to various bone related conditions from achondroplasia to osteoarthritis. The model was able to successfully predict the changes in the growth plate structure for all simulated cases. These first corroboration results indicate that the introduced growth plate network provides a comprehensive and coherent description of the growth plate network behaviour.
Photocrosslinkable hydrogel for myocyte cell culture and injection (2006)

Conventional treatment options for myocardial infarction are limited by the inability of mature myocardium to regenerate after injury. Although functional improvements after injection of cells and growth factors have been demonstrated, the clinical utility of this procedure has been hampered by poor cell localization, low survival, and rapid clearance of injected growth factors. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of a hydrogel, based on photocrosslinkable chitosan and acryloyl-poly(ethylene glycol)-RGDS (Az-chitosan/Acr-PEG-RGD) for myocyte cell culture and myocardial injection. Chitosan was modified with photoreactive azidobenzoic acid and Acr-PEG-RGD was synthesized by reacting YRGDS with an equimolar amount of acryloyl-PEG-N-hydroxysuccinimide. For injection and encapsulation each polymer was dissolved in Di-H(2)O (pH 6.4), the solutions were mixed and crosslinked by UV application (4 mW/cm(2)). C2C12 myoblasts proliferated and differentiated on hydrogels containing 5 mM RGD but not on the pure photocrosslinked chitosan. In vitro, the crosslinked hydrogels retained 80% of encapsulated VEGF for 24 days. Live/dead staining of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes encapsulated into Az-chitosan/Acr-PEG-RGD hydrogels indicated high cell viability upon UV crosslinking. Ex vivo, we localized the hydrogel on the surface and in the ventricle wall of an adult rat heart by brief (2 min) UV light application.
Semantic parsing using word confusion networks with conditional random fields (2013)

A challenge in large vocabulary spoken language understanding (SLU) is robustness to automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors. The state of the art approaches for semantic parsing rely on using discriminative sequence classification methods, such as conditional random fields (CRFs). Most dialog systems employ a cascaded approach where the best hypotheses from the ASR system are fed into the following SLU system. In our previous work, we have proposed the use of lattices towards joint recognition and parsing. In this paper, extending this idea, we propose to exploit word confusion networks (WCNs), compiled from ASR lattices for both CRF modeling and decoding. WCNs provide a compact representation of multiple aligned ASR hypotheses, without compromising recognition accuracy. For slot filling, we show significant semantic parsing performance improvements using WCNs compared to ASR 1-best output, approximating the oracle path performance. Index Terms: conditional random field, semantic parsing, word confusion network, natural language understanding
Photoelectrochemical oxidation of anions by WO3 in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes (2013)

The behavior of WO3 photoanodes has been investigated in contact with a combination of four anions (Cl−, CH3SO3−, HSO4−, and ClO4−) and three solvents (water, acetonitrile, and propylene carbonate), to elucidate the role of the semiconductor surface, the electrolyte, and redox kinetics on the current density vs. potential properties of n-type WO3. In 1.0 M aqueous strong acids, although the flat-band potential (Efb) of WO3 was dominated by electrochemical intercalation of protons into WO3, the nature of the electrolyte influenced the onset potential (Eon) of the anodic photocurrent. In aprotic solvents, the electrolyte anion shifted both Efb and Eon, but did not significantly alter the overall profile of the voltammetric data. For 0.50 M tetra(n-butyl)ammonium perchlorate in propylene carbonate, the internal quantum yield exceeded unity at excitation wavelengths of 300–390 nm, indicative of current doubling. A regenerative photoelectrochemical cell based on the reversible redox couple B10Br10˙−/2− in acetonitrile, with a solution potential of ∼1.7 V vs. the normal hydrogen electrode, exhibited an open-circuit photovoltage of 1.32 V under 100 mW cm−2 of simulated Air Mass 1.5 global illumination.
Direct measurement of velocity-space transport in a fully ionized plasma (1992)

Direct measurements of velocity-space transport coefficients, which may be interpreted as the Fokker-Planck coefficients, in the direction of the confining magnetic field are reported. The measurements were made using the techniques of laser-induced fluorescence and optical tagging, which allow ions to be followed in phase space. The results show that in a plasma with nearly only thermal fluctuations the data agree well with test particle calculations made by N. Rostoker for classical collisional processes. In the presence of larger-amplitude drift-wave fluctuations there is a pronounced enhancement of the velocity diffusion coefficient at a velocity less than the thermal speed.
A Frequency Domain Scheduling for Uplink Single Carrier Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with Iterative Interference Cancellation (2014)

This paper proposes a frequency-domain (FD) scheduling for an uplink single carrier non-orthogonal multiple access (SC-NOMA) with the assistance of iterative interference cancellation (IC). In the SC-NOMA, an evolved Node B (eNB) with an iterative IC receiver is capable of allocating overlapped spectra to plural intra-cell user equipments (UEs) exceeding the number of receive antennas. As a result, the SC-NOMA can enhance the spectral efficiency owing to the non-orthogonal multiplexing. However, when the subband (SB) criterion scheduling, that assigns an SB to a UE on the basis of the metric only on an SB, is applied, this scheduling is not suitable in the SC-NOMA. This is because the throughput in single carrier transmission depends on all the allocated SBs. Therefore, we propose a novel FD scheduling based on the expected value of cell throughput which is calculated by both the SB selected by the metric as a candidate and the previously allocated SBs. The eNB assigns the candidate SB if the expected cell throughput increases after allocating the candidate SB. Computer simulations confirm that the proposal can improve throughput performances compared to the SB criterion scheduling in the SC-NOMA.
Transvaginal Access: Current Experience and Potential Implications for Urologic Applications (2009)

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has been introduced as a less invasive approach to performing intra-abdominal surgery. Any natural orifice may be used, although the ideal portal remains to be determined. Transvaginal surgery has been performed by gynecologists for decades and there is abundant literature supporting the efficacy and safety using this approach. Surgeons have also used the vagina for specimen removal after laparoscopic surgery to minimize the transabdominal incision. More recently, several animal NOTES experiments have used the transvaginal approach to complete a variety of gastrointestinal and urologic surgeries. Given the success with animal experiments, the transition to clinical surgery has begun, with several groups reporting their success with transvaginal cholecystectomy. At present, it appears that the transvaginal approach may be the best suited NOTES portal in those patients in whom it is possible. Future studies are needed to address NOTES' specific concerns, and these potentially less invasive techniques will ultimately need to be compared with standard laparoscopic surgery before their true value can be ascertained.
The causal effect of recent leisure-time physical activity on all-cause mortality among the elderly (2007)

We analyze data collected as part of a prospective cohort study of elderly people living in and around Sonoma, CA, in order to estimate, for each round of interviews, the causal effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) over the past year on the risk of mortality in the following two years. For each round of interviews, this effect is estimated separately for subpopulations defined based on past exercise habits, age, and whether subjects have had cardiac events in the past. This decomposition of the original longitudinal data structure into a series of point-treatment data structures corresponds to an application of history-adjusted marginal structural models as introduced by van der Laan et al. (2005). We propose five different estimators of the parameter of interest, based on various combinations of the usual G-computation, inverse-weighting, and double robust approaches for the two layers of missingness corresponding to the treatment mechanism and right-censoring by drop-out. The models for all nuisance parameters required by these different estimators are selected data-adaptively. For most subpopulations, our analyses suggest that high leisure-time physical activity reduces the subsequent two-year mortality risk by about 50%. Among populations of elderly people aged 75 years or older, these effect estimates are generally significant at the 0.05 level. Notably, our analyses also identify one subpopulation that is estimated to experience an increase in mortality risk when exercising at a higher level, namely subjects aged 75 years or older with previous cardiac events and no history of habitual exercise (RR: 2.33, 95% CI: 0.76-4.35).