gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy along with non-Euclidean phasor analysis for visualization of drug distribution of a topical drug in human facial skin (Conference Presentation) (2019)

We recently proposed a method for selective visualization of topical drug distribution within human facial skin using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging along with non-Euclidean phasor analysis as a pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics imaging toolkit. In order to improve the efficacy of topical drug delivery toward the treatment of inflammatory acne, we have now developed a combination topical gel containing both minocycline and a retinoid. Since both drugs have unique fluorescence lifetimes compared to skin, we were able to selectively visualize the distribution of minocycline and the retinoid within ex vivo human facial skin while isolating the contributions of the three components.
Eosinophils and eosinophil-associated disorders: immunological, clinical, and molecular complexity (2021)

Eosinophils and their mediators play a crucial role in various reactive states such as bacterial and viral infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, and certain hematologic malignancies. Depending on the underlying pathology, molecular defect(s), and the cytokine- and mediator-cascades involved, peripheral blood and tissue hypereosinophilia (HE) may develop and may lead to organ dysfunction or even organ damage which usually leads to the diagnosis of a HE syndrome (HES). In some of these patients, the etiology and impact of HE remain unclear. These patients are diagnosed with idiopathic HE. In other patients, HES is diagnosed but the etiology remains unknown - these patients are classified as idiopathic HES. For patients with HES, early therapeutic application of agents reducing eosinophil counts is usually effective in avoiding irreversible organ damage. Therefore, it is important to systematically explore various diagnostic markers and to correctly identify the disease elicitors and etiology. Depending on the presence and type of underlying disease, HES are classified into primary (clonal) HES, reactive HES, and idiopathic HES. In most of these patients, effective therapies can be administered. The current article provides an overview of the pathogenesis of eosinophil-associated disorders, with special emphasis on the molecular, immunological, and clinical complexity of HE and HES. In addition, diagnostic criteria and the classification of eosinophil disorders are reviewed in light of new developments in the field.
Game-theoretic learning in a distributed-information setting: Distributed convergence to mean-centric equilibria (2014)

The paper considers distributed learning in large-scale games via fictitious-play type algorithms. Given a preassigned communication graph structure for information exchange among the players, this paper studies a distributed implementation of the Empirical Centroid Fictitious Play (ECFP) algorithm that is well-suited to large-scale games in terms of complexity and memory requirements. It is shown that the distributed algorithm converges to an equilibrium set denoted as the mean-centric equilibria (MCE) for a reasonably large class of games.
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization in distributed systems (1990)

Existing fault-tolerant clock synchronization algorithms are compared and contrasted. These include the following: software synchronization algorithms, such as convergence-averaging, convergence-nonaveraging, and consistency algorithms, as well as probabilistic synchronization; hardware synchronization algorithms; and hybrid synchronization. The worst-case clock skews guaranteed by representative algorithms are compared, along with other important aspects such as time, message, and cost overhead imposed by the algorithms. More recent developments such as hardware-assisted software synchronization and algorithms for synchronizing large, partially connected distributed systems are especially emphasized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Incidence of second and secondary malignancies in patients with CLL: A single institution experience. (2012)

6568 Background: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have a higher incidence of second malignancies than the general population with one study showing the risk at 2.2 times the general popualtion. The increased incidence is thought to be due to immunosupression which results in decreased cell surveillance and proliferation of malignant cells. Our study aims to present the rate of second malignancies by cancer type in patients with CLL at our institution. Methods: The Moffitt Cancer Center Total Cancer Care (TCC) database was used to identify patients who had a diagnosis of CLL between January 1993-December 2009. Individual charts were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of CLL, collect demographic data, and to assess for the presence of a second malignancy under an IRB approved protocol. A second malignancy was defined as another malignancy or transformation of CLL reported in the medical record. Second malignancy data was placed in three categories; skin cancers, solid tumor malignancy, and hematologic malignancy. Results: 546 CLL patients were included in the study. Median age was 62.5 years. 84 (43%) were Stage 0 and 62 (32%) were Stage 1 RAI at diagnosis indicating earlier disease. 266 (49%) patients had a second or secondary malignancy. A total of 304 cancers were identified. 14% of patients had more than one malignancy. Melanoma was identified in 44 (16.5%) patients and non-melanoma skin cancer was identified in 54 (20%). Lung cancer was identified as the most frequent solid tumor malignancy with 36 (13.5%) cases, followed by prostate (35), breast (21), colorectal (15), and bladder (14). 10 patients had a Richter’s transformation of their CLL. 26 patients developed either myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia. Conclusions: Second malignancies are frequent in CLL patients. Immunosupression, increased UV light exposure, longer life expectancy in low risk CLL, and tertiary cancer center referral bias are likely reasons for these increased rates. Further research is needed to identify the precise mechanism which cause patients with CLL to have higher rates of second malignancies and to identify if there is an increased risk of a specific type of malignancy in patients with CLL.
O/sub w/L: An interface description language for IP reuse (2003)

A new language for interface description, named O/sub w/L, and its applications are proposed. The purpose of O/sub w/L is to reuse IPs. By specifying the functionality of the IP as an interface protocol, the IP can be used as a blackbox. The full interface specification of an SDRAM, including refresh control, is represented by 205 lines of O/sub w/L description. Two applications of O/sub w/L are also described. The first application is a waveform generator for the on-line manual. The second application is a means of checking the connectability of two IPs.
Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Percutaneous Transseptal Catheter-Based Mitral Valve Replacement Technology (2019)

The transseptal delivery of the Cephea transcatheter mitral valve replacement system in an experimental model was feasible and safe. The chronic studies demonstrated a favorable healing response. Further human studies are needed to evaluate the performance of this novel valve system in patients with severe mitral regurgitation.
Scaffold-free, Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineered Blood Vessels (2015)

Tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBV) can serve as vascular grafts and may also play an important role in the development of organs-on-a-chip. Most TEBV construction involves scaffolding with biomaterials such as collagen gel or electrospun fibrous mesh. Hypothesizing that a scaffold-free TEBV may be advantageous, we constructed a tubular structure (1 mm i.d.) from aligned human mesenchymal cell sheets (hMSC) as the wall and human endothelial progenitor cell (hEPC) coating as the lumen. The burst pressure of the scaffold-free TEBV was above 200 mmHg after three weeks of sequential culture in a rotating wall bioreactor and perfusion at 6.8 dynes/cm(2). The interwoven organization of the cell layers and extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) formation of the hMSC-based TEBV resembled that of native blood vessels. The TEBV exhibited flow-mediated vasodilation, vasoconstriction after exposure to 1 μM phenylephrine and released nitric oxide in a manner similar to that of porcine femoral vein. HL-60 cells attached to the TEBV lumen after TNF-α activation to suggest a functional endothelium. This study demonstrates the potential of a hEPC endothelialized hMSC-based TEBV for drug screening.
Thermally triggered release of the bacteriophage endolysin CHAPK and the bacteriocin lysostaphin for the control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2016)

Staphylococcus aureus infections of the skin and soft tissue pose a major concern to public health, largely owing to the steadily increasing prevalence of drug resistant isolates. As an alternative mode of treatment both bacteriophage endolysins and bacteriocins have been shown to possess antimicrobial efficacy against multiple species of bacteria including otherwise drug resistant strains. Despite this, the administration and exposure of such antimicrobials should be restricted until required in order to discourage the continued evolution of bacterial resistance, whilst maintaining the activity and stability of such proteinaceous structures. Utilising the increase in skin temperature during infection, the truncated bacteriophage endolysin CHAP<sub>K</sub> and the staphylococcal bacteriocin lysostaphin have been co-administered in a thermally triggered manner from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanoparticles. The thermoresponsive nature of the PNIPAM polymer has been employed in order to achieve the controlled expulsion of a synergistic enzybiotic cocktail consisting of CHAP<sub>K</sub> and lysostaphin. The point at which this occurs is modifiable, in this case corresponding to the threshold temperature associated with an infected wound. Consequently, bacterial lysis was observed at 37°C, whilst growth was maintained at the uninfected skin temperature of 32°C.
IP over SONET (1998)

IP over SONET technology is being deployed today in IP backbone networks to provide efficient, cost-effective, high-speed transport between fast routers. The authors present an overview of the architectural considerations in the deployment of IP over SONET technology. In addition, an overview of the developments in IP over SONET interface design and specification is provided. Finally, the authors conclude with an examination of the future of high-speed Internet transport.
Numerical analysis of spinal cord stimulation with triple leads with guarded cathode (2015)

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a alternative treatment method for drug free treatment for chronic pain. Electrodes are placed to Spinal column's epidural tissue to blocked transfer of pain to brain and to stimulate dorsally column of pain. Today there are two two designs of electrode which are used in Spinal cord stimulation (SCS): a percutaneous (PERC) design, consisting of annular electrodes distributed along a flexible cylindrical shaft, which is inserted with a hypodermic needle; and a laminectomy/paddle design (LAM) implanted during a surgical laminectomy, consisting of a grid of rectangular electrodes on a flexible planar substrate. Also, only controlled percutaneous cathode electrode is used for stimulation a certain area in spinal cord. In this study, numerical studies of direct current application are done using percutaneous lead with 3-electrode model. Spinal canal is modeled in four layers which are epidural fat, CSF, white matter and gray matter tissues as 3D with using Finite Element Method (FEM). The lead with 3-electrode is placed in epidural fat. Anode and cathode electrodes are stimulated so as to flow current respectively 0.25mA and -2mA. At the contact surface of electrodes and epidural fat, obtained maximum current density is 128.161 mA/cm2 and this value is in the safety limits. The maximum electrical voltage occurred in the spinal canal is 2.133 V and this value is in the interval of perception value for patients.
Comment on Bell’s Quadratic Quotient Algorithm (1970)

This short note describes a minor inefficiency I noticed in a hash-table algorithm published by James Bell. It got me thinking about hash tables, and I invented what I called the linear quotient algorithm–an algorithm that seems quite obvious in retrospect. While I was running simulations to gather data for a paper on that algorithm, the latest issue of CACM arrived with a paper by Bell and Charles Kaman titled The Linear Quotient Hash Code. I had devised three variants of the algorithm not contained in their article. So, I wrote a paper about those three variants and submitted it to CACM. The editor rejected it, without sending it out for review, saying that it was too small a contribution to merit publication. In the next few years, CACM published two papers by others on the subject, each completely devoted to one of my three variants. (Those papers had been submitted to different editors.) My paper, which was probably a Massachusetts Computer Associates (Compass) technical report, has been lost. (Compass went out of business a few years ago, and I presume that its library was destroyed.) The linear quotient method is probably the most common hash-coding algorithm used today.
Provider confidence in the telemedicine spine evaluation: results from a global study (2020)

Spine surgeons are confident in the ability of telemedicine to communicate with patients, but are concerned about its capacity to accurately make physical exam-based diagnoses. Future research should concentrate on standardizing the remote examination and the development of appropriate use criteria in order to increase provider confidence in telemedicine technology.
Plasma waves excitation in the base of lateral hot electron transistor (2002)

Lateral hot-electron transistors (LHETs) attracts great attention as a possible basis for high frequency (HF) microelectronics. In contrast to previous work the excitation of plasma waves with a linear dispersion law in the LHET base is taken into account. It is shown that plasma effects can play an important role in LHET operation. We propose to induce plasma waves in the base of LHET by the input a.c. voltage. The resonant behaviour of transistor parameters allows us to call it as Resonant Lateral Hot electron Transistor (RLHET). By generalizing Dyakonov-Shur approach we succeeded to obtain analytical expression for LHET transconductance accounting plasma oscillations. It is shown that the emitter current of such a device has a resonant response to the applied HF base voltage determined by the standing plasma waves resonances of 2DEG in the base, which can be in the terahertz range, depending on the base length. The resonant transconductance can significantly exceed its steady state value. This device can be used both for the experimental study of 2DEG parameters and as a selective, tunable HF amplifier.
Anti‐Tac(Fab)‐PE40, a recombinant double‐chain immunotoxin which kills interleukin‐2‐receptor‐bearing cells and induces complete remission in an in vivo tumor model (1994)

We have produced a single plasmid encoding both the heavy chain Fd domain (VH + CH1) of the anti-interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) monoclonal antibody anti-Tac, and the anti-Tac light chain fused to PE40, a truncated derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin. The active immunotoxin anti-Tac(Fab)-PE40 could be recovered from E. coli from either periplasm or renatured inclusion bodies. The double-chain immunotoxin was very cytotoxic toward IL2R-bearing cell lines, human activated T cells and fresh adult-T-cell-leukemia cells. The cytotoxicity was similar to that of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40, the single-chain recombinant toxin containing only the variable domains of anti-Tac. IL2R-binding affinity was also equivalent to that of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40, which is one-third that of anti-Tac. The serum half-life in mice was significantly prolonged as compared with anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40, with a beta phase of 430 vs. 57 minutes, but the LD50s were equivalent when the immunotoxins were administered in 3 daily doses. Anti-Tac(Fab)-PE40 was very cytotoxic in vitro toward transfected ATAC-4 carcinoma cells which express IL2Rs. In mice bearing ATAC-4 tumors, anti-Tac(Fab)-PE40 showed significant anti-tumor activity, inducing complete remissions in 80 and 100% of treated animals at approximately 7 and 14% respectively of the LD50. Anti-Tac(Fab)-PE40 was much more effective in vitro and in vivo than chemical conjugates between anti-Tac and truncated PE molecules. The recombinant Fab toxin should be studied further as potential treatment for IL2R-related malignancies, particularly if smaller recombinant immunotoxins have insufficient half-life in humans.
Field-emission characterization of the 10×10 singly addressable double-gated polysilicon tip array (2003)

Polysilicon-on-insulator singly addressable arrays, consisting of double-gated field-emission cells, were fabricated and tested. The field-emission tips were formed by a subtractive technique, using an array of ten polysilicon stripes on the insulating substrate. The stripe structure was oxidized for dielectric isolation and coated with a second polysilicon layer as an extracting gate electrode. The polysilicon layer was then oxidized to provide a second isolation layer for separation from a top gold film, deposited as a focusing electrode. Finally, an 1.7 μm aperture was opened, using wet buffered etching of the silicon dioxide. The structure allows us to address electrically a single tip at the intersection of any cathode row and extracting gate column. A focusing voltage could be applied independently to the second gate of any tip during operation to focus the electron flux of an operating tip. The focused array may be suitable for multi-beam electron lithography application and new generation of data storage devices.
Resin coated copper capacitive (RC3) nanocomposites for multilayer embedded capacitors: towards system in a package (SiP) (2009)

Purpose Embedded passives account for a very large part of today's electronic assemblies. This is particularly true for products such as cellular phones, camcorders, computers, and several critical defence devices. Market pressures for new products with more features, smaller size and lower cost demand smaller, compacter, simpler substrates. An obvious strategy is to reduce the number of surface mounted passives by embedding them in the substrate. In addition, current interconnect technology to accommodate surface mounted passives imposes certain limits on board design which constrain the overall system speed. Embedding passives is one way to minimize the functional footprint while at the same time improving performance. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a thin film technology based on ferroelectric‐epoxy polymer‐based flake‐free resin coated copper capacitive (RC3) nanocomposites to manufacture multilayer embedded capacitors. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses thin film technology based on RC3 nanocomposites. In particular, recent developments in high capacitance, large area, thin film passives, and their integration in system in a package (SiP) are highlighted. Findings A variety of RC3 nanocomposite thin films ranging from 8 to 50 microns thick were processed on copper substrates by liquid coating. Multilayer embedded capacitors resulted in high capacitances of 16‐28 nF. The fabricated test vehicle also included two embedded resistor layers with resistances in the range of 15 Ω to 100 kΩ. To enable high performance devices, an embedded resistor must meet certain tolerances. The embedded resistors can be laser trimmed to a tolerance of &lt;5 percent, which is usually acceptable for most applications. An extended embedded passives solution has been demonstrated, both through its high wireability designs and package performance, to be perfectly suited for SiP applications. Research limitations/implications This case study designed and fabricated an eight layer high density internal passive core and subsequently applied fine geometry three buildup layers to form a 3‐8‐3 structure. The passive core technology is capable of providing up to six layers of embedded capacitance and could be extended further. Originality/value A thin film technology based on ferroelectric‐epoxy polymer‐based flake‐free RC3 nanocomposites was developed to manufacture multilayer embedded capacitors. The overall approach lends itself to package miniaturization because capacitance can be increased through multiple layers and reduced thickness to give the desired values in a smaller area.
Digitally Synthesized Beat Frequency Multiplexing for Sub-millisecond Fluorescence Microscopy (2013)

Radiofrequency beating of digitally synthesized optical fields extends the time resolution of fluorescence microscopy and enhances the throughput of flow imaging. We demonstrate fluorescence microscopy with pixel readout rates 30× faster than a modern EMCCD.
Methodology for seismic risk assessment for tubular steel wind turbine towers: application to Canadian seismic environment (2011)

The seismic response of tubular steel wind turbine towers is of significant concern as they are increasingly being installed in seismic areas and design codes do not clearly address this aspect of design. The seismic hazard is hence assessed for the Canadian seismic environment using implicit finite element analysis and incremental dynamic analysis of a 1.65 MW wind turbine tower. Its behaviour under seismic excitation is evaluated, damage states are defined, and a framework is developed for determining the probability of damage of the tower at varying seismic hazard levels. Results of the implementation of this framework in two Canadian locations are presented herein, where the risk was found to be low for the seismic hazard level prescribed for buildings. However, the design of wind turbine towers is subject to change, and the design spectrum is highly uncertain. Thus, a methodology is outlined to thoroughly investigate the probability of reaching predetermined damage states under any seismic loading conditions for future considerations.
Findings From a Trial of the Smartphone and OnLine Usage-based eValuation for Depression (SOLVD) Application: What Do Apps Really Tell Us About Patients with Depression? Concordance Between App-Generated Data and Standard Psychiatric Questionnaires for Depression and Anxiety (2019)

Although this study, given its limited sample size, was exploratory in nature, it helps fill a significant gap in our knowledge of the concordance between ratings obtained on the Ham-D, Ham-A, and the PHQ-9 psychometric instruments and data obtained via a smartphone app. These questionnaires represent gold-standard, commonly used psychiatric research/clinical instruments, and, thus, this information can serve as a foundation for digital phenotyping for depression and pave the way for interventional studies using smartphone applications.