gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DisparateFunctionsinTumorCellsversustheHost Tissue Microenvironment in Melanoma Invasion and Metastasis (2015)

Autotaxin (ENPP2/ATX) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors represent two key players in regulating cancer progression.Thepresentstudysoughttounderstandthemechanisticrole of LPA G protein–coupled receptors (GPCR), not only in the tumor cells but also in stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment. B16F10 melanoma cells predominantly express LPA5 and LPA2 receptors but lack LPA1. LPA dose dependently inhibited invasion of cells across a Matrigel layer. RNAi-mediated knockdown of LPA5 relieved the inhibitory effect of LPA on invasion without affecting basal invasion. This suggests that LPA5 exerts an anti-invasive action in melanoma cells in response to LPA. In addition, both siRNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition of LPA2 reduced the basal rate invasion. Unexpectedly, when probing the role of this GPCR in host tissues, it was found
On impulse response symmetry of Farrow interpolators in rational sample rate conversion (2004)

In this paper, the impulse response symmetry of Farrow interpolation filters and its significance in rational sample rate conversion is addressed. Four methods for ensuring impulse response symmetry are proposed. Comparison of different symmetrization schemes is made, with filters optimized based on the discrete-time impulse response model. The results indicate that optimization based on the discrete-time model often results in better performance than optimization based on the continuous-time model, and that there are significant performance differences between symmetrization schemes.
Adaptive Subcarrier Nulling: Enabling partial spectrum sharing in wireless LANs (2011)

Emerging WLAN standards have been incorporating a variety of channel widths ranging from 5MHz to 160MHz, in order to match the diverse traffic demands on different networks. Unfortunately, the current 802.11 MAC/PHY is not designed for the coexistence of variable-width channels. Overlapping narrowband channels may block an entire wide-band channel, resulting in severe spectrum underutilization and even starvation of WLANs on the wide-band. A similar peril exists when a WLAN partially overlaps its channel with multiple orthogonal WLANs. In this paper, we propose to solve the problem of partial spectrum sharing using Adaptive Subcarrier Nulling (ASN). ASN builds on the 802.11 OFDM PHY, but allows the radios to sense, transmit, detect, and decode packets through spectrum fragments, or subbands. An ASN transmitter can adapt its spectrum usage on a per-packet basis, by nulling the subbands used by neighboring WLANs, and sending packets through the remaining idle subbands. ASN preserves the 802.11 CSMA/CA primitives while allowing users to contend for access to each subband, and can opportunistically exploit the merits of wide-band channels via spectrum aggregation. We have implemented and evaluated ASN on the GNURadio/USRP platform. Our experimental results have shown ASN to achieve detection and decoding performance comparable to the legacy 802.11. Our detailed simulation in ns-2 further shows that ASN substantially improves the efficiency and fairness of spectrum sharing for multi-cell WLANs.
A Concise Synthesis of (S)-γ-Fluoroleucine Ethyl Ester (2006)

We report herein a six-step, chromatography-free, through-process for the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-γ-fluoroleucine ethyl ester sulfate salt (6) that proceeds in 25% overall yield from inexpensive ethyl glyoxylate. This approach features a Ti/Zn-catalyzed glyoxylate-ene reaction-olefin hydrofluorination-amine alkylation as key steps.
Supplementary Table 5 from Phase Ib Study of Buparlisib plus Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer That Has Progressed on Trastuzumab-Based Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 42K, Summary of deaths and adverse events (safety set).&lt;/p&gt;
Ionic photoacid generators containing functionalized semifluorinated sulfonates for high-resolution lithography (2008)

To meet the challenges for resist materials raised by high resolution lithography technologies, tailor-made photoacid generators (PAGs) with controlled acid diffusion and improved miscibility with polymers are very important. We have developed new ionic PAGs containing functionalized semifluorinated sulfonates. These PAGs have excellent solubility in polymer matrices and common organic solvents, high thermal stability, high acid strength and low volatility of the generated acids, and make them attractive PAGs for high resolution lithography. In this contribution, the preparation and characterization of several new ionic PAGs, the influence of the host matrix on PAG properties, and a comparison of their lithographic performance are presented. Specifically their lithographic performance at EUV wavelength is discussed.
Safety and Efficacy of 188-Rhenium-Labeled Antibody to Melanin in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (2013)

There is a need for effective "broad spectrum" therapies for metastatic melanoma which would be suitable for all patients. The objectives of Phase Ia/Ib studies were to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, and antitumor activity of (188)Re-6D2, a 188-Rhenium-labeled antibody to melanin. Stage IIIC/IV metastatic melanoma (MM) patients who failed standard therapies were enrolled in both studies. In Phase Ia, 10 mCi (188)Re-6D2 were given while unlabeled antibody preload was escalated. In Phase Ib, the dose of (188)Re-6D2 was escalated to 54 mCi. SPECT/CT revealed (188)Re-6D2 uptake in melanoma metastases. The mean effective half-life of (188)Re-6D2 was 12.4 h. Transient HAMA was observed in 9 patients. Six patients met the RECIST criteria for stable disease at 6 weeks. Two patients had durable disease stabilization for 14 weeks and one for 22 weeks. Median overall survival was 13 months with no dose-limiting toxicities. The data demonstrate that (188)Re-6D2 was well tolerated, localized in melanoma metastases, and had antitumor activity, thus warranting its further investigation in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Clinical Survey: Patterns of Utilization of Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections by a Cohort of Spinal Surgeons (2009)

No consensus was found as to timing, frequency, and duration of ESI treatment in lumbar HNP and DDD patients in a survey of practicing spine surgeons. These results illustrate one example of lack of consensus in conservative treatment protocols.
Maximum Bubble Pressure Method:  Universal Surface Age and Transport Mechanisms in Surfactant Solutions (2006)

Here, based on the theoretical analysis of results for two ionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), we develop a new approach for quantitative interpretation of data from the maximum bubble pressure method. A given tensiometer is characterized by an apparatus function, A(t), and by an apparatus constant. The former represents the time dependence of the bubble surface area, whereas the latter is expressed through integrals of A(t). The experiment indicates that both of them are independent of the surfactant type and concentration. Moreover, if a certain criterion is satisfied, the experimental results depend on the surface dilatation only through the apparatus constant. This makes the data interpretation much easier. The knowledge of the apparatus constant gives a general time scale (universal surface age) that makes the results independent of the specific bubble-pressure setup and produces dynamic surface tension curves that are universal characteristics of the investigated solutions. A new equation for data processing is proposed, which provides excellent fits of the dynamic surface tension. In the case of micellar solutions, the data analysis enables one to identify the kinetic regime of adsorption (among four possible regimes). For the investigated surfactant solutions, the diffusion regime "BC" was identified, for which the fast micellar process is equilibrated, whereas the slow micellar process is negligible. Upgraded with the developed approach for quantitative data interpretation, the bubble-pressure tensiometry could be a useful tool for a detailed analysis of the adsorption processes in more complex systems.
Software And Hardware For 3-D Gray Level Image Analysis And Quantization (1989)

Due to dramatic advances in optical microscope technology, it is now possible to examine biological specimens in three-dimensions with either electron microscopy or light microscopy. Although the algorithms used for generating the three-dimensional reconstructions are well known, much work remains on developing methods for the display and analysis of the resultant complicated three-dimensional data. In the first part of this paper, we will introduce image processing schemes for enhancing features in data and some computational methods for manipulating three dimensional data sets. In the second part, we will discuss the image display system in the context of software design and hardware requirements, which must be considered for convenient data visualization and measurement. Much effort has been spent on developing a generalized display system that can also be used for model building and analysis. By model building we mean the interactive tracking of features in three-dimensional volumetric images. Throughout this chapter we will make a distinction between display methods that directly utilize three-dimensional image data stored as a contiguous set of pixels (also called volumetric data, or voxel data) and those that convert the data into a set of polygon vertices that define a single-level contour surface. Although this latter approach contains much less information than volumetric approaches, it can make stunning pictures. Figure 1 shows a typical procedure for handling three-dimensional data involving image enhancement, data manipulation, data display and analysis.
Three-phase modular multilevel current source rectifiers for electric vehicle battery charging systems (2013)

This paper discusses three-phase high power factor AC-to-DC current source converters appropriate for Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charging systems. The AC grid interfaces are multilevel current source rectifiers constructed from standard power electronic circuits that have their fast-switched semiconductors and output inductors replaced with several modular subcircuits connected in parallel. By operating the parallel circuits with an appropriate phase-shifted PWM, the systems feature low current and voltage ripples at the input and output terminals, allowing size reduction of the passive filters. In addition, as the DC-link current can be efficiently distributed to the modularized subcircuits, better efficiency, due to the lower conduction and switching losses, is achievable. The characteristics of the presented EV systems, including the principles of operation, modulation strategy, and feedback control are described. The feasibility of a remarkable solution, namely a three-phase five-level six-switch buck-type PFC is demonstrated by means of a constructed hardware prototype.
Data from Multiphoton Phosphorescence Quenching Microscopy Reveals Kinetics of Tumor Oxygenation during Antiangiogenesis and Angiotensin Signaling Inhibition (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The abnormal function of tumor blood vessels causes tissue hypoxia, promoting disease progression and treatment resistance. Although tumor microenvironment normalization strategies can alleviate hypoxia globally, how local oxygen levels change is not known because of the inability to longitudinally assess vascular and interstitial oxygen in tumors with sufficient resolution. Understanding the spatial and temporal heterogeneity should help improve the outcome of various normalization strategies.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We developed a multiphoton phosphorescence quenching microscopy system using a low-molecular-weight palladium porphyrin probe to measure perfused vessels, oxygen tension, and their spatial correlations &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in mouse skin, bone marrow, and four different tumor models. Further, we measured the temporal and spatial changes in oxygen and vessel perfusion in tumors in response to an anti-VEGFR2 antibody (DC101) and an angiotensin-receptor blocker (losartan).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;We found that vessel function was highly dependent on tumor type. Although some tumors had vessels with greater oxygen-carrying ability than those of normal skin, most tumors had inefficient vessels. Further, intervessel heterogeneity in tumors is associated with heterogeneous response to DC101 and losartan. Using both vascular and stromal normalizing agents, we show that spatial heterogeneity in oxygen levels persists, even with reductions in mean extravascular hypoxia.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;High-resolution spatial and temporal responses of tumor vessels to two agents known to improve vascular perfusion globally reveal spatially heterogeneous changes in vessel structure and function. These dynamic vascular changes should be considered in optimizing the dose and schedule of vascular and stromal normalizing strategies to improve the therapeutic outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Diverse Indole Scaffolds by the Ugi/Heck Reaction. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supplementary Table 1 from EBV Is Necessary for Proliferation of Dually Infected Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from EBV Is Necessary for Proliferation of Dually Infected Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells
PPContactTracing: A Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing Protocol for COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

Several contact tracing solutions have been proposed and implemented all around the globe to combat the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. But, most of these solutions endanger the privacy rights of the individuals and hinder their widespread adoption. We propose a privacy-preserving contact tracing protocol for the efficient tracing of the spread of the global pandemic. It is based on the private set intersection (PSI) protocol and utilizes the homomorphic properties to preserve the privacy at the individual level. A hierarchical model for the representation of landscapes and rate-limiting factor on the number of queries have been adopted to maintain the efficiency of the protocol.
Formation Pressure Abnormality Identification Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Classification Model (2022)

Abstract Abnormal formation pressure detection is important in drilling operations from technical and economical points of view. Moreover, the abnormality type determination while drilling helps in taking earlier decisions that may save costs and eliminate near miss problems. The available correlations for pore pressure prediction depend on well logging, formation properties, and combination of logging and drilling parameters. These data are not available for all wells in all sections. The objective of this paper is to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) to develop a classification model to classify the abnormality zones in real-time into subnormal or supernormal zones using both mechanical and hydraulic drilling parameters data. The used parameters included rate of penetration (ROP), mud flow rate (Q), standpipe pressure (SPP), weight on bit (WOB), torque (T) and rotary speed (RS). A dataset of around 2,900 data points were utilized to provide the classification model. The model classifies the pressure abnormality with high accuracy as the percentage of right classifications was around 98.9% for testing dataset and the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approached 1. Introduction Formation pressure is the pressure exerted by the fluids within the rock pore space. The normal formation pressure at certain depth originates from the weight of the saltwater column extended from the surface to the point of interest. The deviation from the normal trend can be described as abnormal which can be either subnormal or overpressure (Mouchet, J.P., and Mitchell, 1989). Normal pressure is not constant, and it depends on the amount of dissolved salts, fluid types, gas presences and temperature gradient. Commonly, normal pressure gradient is around 0.465 psi/ft (Rabia, 2002). Supernormal, also called overpressure or geopressured, is the pore pressure exceeding the normal hydrostatic pressure. This pressure is created from normal pressure in addition to an extra pressure source. The excess pressure may be attributed to different mechanical, geochemical, geothermal, geological and combined reasons (Rabia, 2002). Overpressure zones may lead to severe technical and economic issues such as kicks and blowouts. For optimum well control, it is important that not only the identification but also the magnitude of abnormal pressure should be known. Contrarily, subnormal pressure is the pore pressure lower than the normal pressure and may lead to loss of circulation and differential pipe sticking resulting in setting additional casing strings (higher drilling costs) (Rabia, 2002). Accurate real-time pore pressure prediction may provide enhanced well path and casing design, better wellbore stability analysis, effective mud program and reduced overall drilling time and cost (Tingay et al., 2009; Zoback, 2007).
Stability and Removal of Water Soluble CdTe Quantum Dots in Water (2007)

Commercial use of quantum dots (GDs) will lead to their entry into aquatic environments. This study examines the characteristics and stability of CdTe QDs with thioglycolate capping ligands in water as well as their removal by alum salts. The capping ligands of QDs are a key factor in determining their fate in water. Protonated thioglycolate capping ligands cause QDs to aggregate. The stability of QDs depends more on their ionic composition in water than on the ionic strength. In KCl solution, QDs remain stable even under 0.15 M ionic strength. Relatively low concentrations (< or = 2 meq/L) of divalent (Mg2+ and Ca2+) or trivalent (Al3+) cations, however, can induce aggregation. The proposed mechanism for this phenomenon is that multivalent metal cations (or their hydrated species) react with capping ligands to form complexes that bridge QDs or neutralize their surface charges. Because the complexation of hydrated Al3+ with capping ligands inhibits the formation of Al(OH)3 precipitates, alum dosages higher than the A3+ solubility are required to form settleable flocs and remove QDs from nanopure water by sedimentation. Divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) in tap water induce the formation of settleable QD flocs such that 70-80% of the QGDs by mass settle out.
Highly Active and Recyclable Heterogeneous Iridium Pincer Catalysts for Transfer Dehydrogenation of Alkanes (2009)

Abstract Pincer‐ligated iridium complexes have proven to be highly effective catalysts for the dehydrogenation and transfer‐dehydrogenation of alkanes. Immobilization onto a solid support offers significant potential advantages in the application of such catalysts particularly with respect to catalyst separation and recycling. We describe three approaches toward such immobilization: (i) covalent attachment to a Merrifield resin, (ii) covalent bonding to silica via a pendant alkoxysilane group, and (iii) adsorption on γ‐alumina (γ‐Al 2 O 3 ), through basic functional groups on the para‐ position of the pincer ligand. The simplest of these approaches, adsorption on γ‐Al 2 O 3 , is also found to be the most effective, yielding catalysts that are robust, recyclable, and comparable to or even more active than the corresponding species in solution. Spectroscopic evidence (NMR, IR) and studies of catalytic activity support the hypothesis that binding occurs at the para‐ substituent and that this has only a relatively subtle and indirect influence on catalytic behavior.
A Nonlocal Vector Calculus with Application to Nonlocal Boundary Value Problems (2010)

We develop a calculus for nonlocal operators that mimics Gauss's theorem and Green's identities of the classical vector calculus. The operators we define do not involve derivatives. We then apply the nonlocal calculus to define weak formulations of nonlocal “boundary-value” problems that mimic the Dirichlet and Neumann problems for second-order scalar elliptic partial differential equations. For the nonlocal problems, we derive a fundamental solution and Green's functions, demonstrate that weak formulations of the nonlocal “boundary-value” problems are well posed, and show how, under appropriate limits, the nonlocal problems reduce to their local analogues.
Data from The Proapoptotic Molecule BLID Interacts with Bcl-X<sub>L</sub> and Its Downregulation in Breast Cancer Correlates with Poor Disease-Free and Overall Survival (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; BLID is a BH3-like motif containing apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of BLID-induced apoptosis and to assess the significance of BLID expression in breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The interaction between BLID and Bcl-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; was examined using &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; transcription/translation, coimmunoprecipitation, and immunoflourescence assays. The relationship between BLID mRNA expression and pathologic measures in breast cancer specimens (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 55) was examined using the publicly available ONCOMINE microarray database. Immunohistochemistry was done using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 148 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinomas (IDC) and 58 cases of invasive lobular breast carcinomas, and breast tissue microarrays representing additional 437 cases (&gt;85% IDC) with associated clinicopathologic database and long-term clinical follow-up (median 7 years).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; BLID was found to interact with Bcl-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt;, and the binding was enhanced in cancer cells exposed to doxorubicin or cisplatin. Exogenous expression of BLID correlated with activation of Bax and an increase in cytosolic cytochrome &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;. BLID mRNA expression was significantly reduced in grade 3 relative to grade 1 and 2 breast cancer (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.023). Cytoplasmic BLID immunoreactivity was absent in IDC compared with invasive lobular breast carcinoma (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Lack of BLID expression was associated with younger age (median 40 years), African American ethnicity, tumor size, and triple-negative breast cancer (estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative; all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.005). Significant correlations were observed between BLID negativity and declines in overall, cause-specific, and local relapse-free survival (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.03). Multivariate analysis indicated that BLID is an independent prognostic factor of distant metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.302; 95% confidence interval, 0.160-0.570, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0002).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; BLID is a new binding partner of Bcl-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; and a significant prognostic factor in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 16(11); 2939–48. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;