gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Design and optimization of a digital radiographic system with emphasis on TDI CCD scanning mammography</title> (1994)

This paper describes the requirements and constraints involved in the design of a digital scanning mammography system. The SNR model of Muntz is used to assess the influence of detector size and detected scatter-to-primary ratio on the detectability of microcalcifications in a breast phantom, and hence to consider the design of an optimized system. The effects of patient dose, exposure time and various technological constraints, such as x-ray tube power limits, maximum scanning speed and system MTF, are also discussed. It is demonstrated that the combined use of an air gap between the patient and the detector and a wider scanning slot can give the same scatter-to-primary ratio as a significantly smaller slot, while reducing the x- ray tube load. It is also demonstrated that, to some extent, the tube power constraints can be overcome by using higher kVp, less added filtration and a smaller source to patient distance.
Pulsed-Laser Induced Single-Event Transients in InGaAs FinFETs on Bulk Silicon Substrates (2018)

The pulsed-laser single-event transient response of InGaAs FinFETs on bulk silicon substrates is investigated. Charge collection due to a source-drain shunt effect and drain-to-substrate junction charge collection contribute to the observed transients. The transient response of these silicon substrate devices is compared to that of InGaAs FinFETs on semi-insulating substrates. Faster transients with reduced peak currents and peak widths are observed on the silicon substrate devices. Simulations show hole collection by the silicon substrate. This reduces the amount of source-barrier lowering and bipolar-amplification relative to other III-V devices. Moreover, the reduced hole lifetime in the GaAs buffer layer also contributes to the relative reduction of the bipolar amplification in these devices.
An inherent curvature-compensated voltage reference using non-linearity of gate coupling coefficient (2015)

A novel current-mode voltage reference circuit which is capable of generating sub-1 V output voltage is presented. The proposed architecture exhibits the inherent curvature compensation ability. The curvature compensation is achieved by utilizing the non-linear behavior of gate coupling coefficient to compensate non-linear temperature dependence of base-emitter voltage. We have also utilized the developments in CMOS process to reduce power and area consumption. The proposed voltage reference is analyzed theoretically and compared with other existing methods. The circuit is designed and simulated in 180 nm mixed-mode CMOS UMC technology which gives a reference level of 246 mV. The minimum required supply voltage is 1 V with maximum current drawn of 9.24 μA. A temperature coefficient of 9 ppm/°C is achieved over −25 to 125 °C temperature range. The reference voltage varies by ±11 mV across process corners. The reference circuit shows the line sensitivity of 0.9 mV/V with area consumption of 100 × 110 μm2
Cloud Detection for PV Power Forecast based on Colour Components of Sky Images (2021)

Integrating and operating PV in a system-efficient way is the key to increasing penetration levels to evolve toward a more sustainable and clean energy system. Reliable generation forecasting is the solution to tackle fluctuations in PV power generation and its negative effects on power systems and energy markets. Clouds play a key role in solar power, so cloud detection is important in PV power generation forecast. A color-based cloud detection algorithm is proposed in this paper. It considers 12 different color channels together with the K-means algorithm to detect clouds in sky images from an All-Sky Camera. The result of the proposed method has been compared to both classic and state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has better performance in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.
A Fully Integrated Reconfigurable Multimode Class-F2,3 GaN Power Amplifier (2020)

In this letter, we propose a reconfigurable multimode fully integrated power amplifier (PA) in GaN technology. The PA is composed of one main transistor, biased in class-AB, and three auxiliary transistors which can be switched between class-AB and deep class-C, to improve efficiency and linearity of the PA. Furthermore, a harmonic termination network is proposed to enable the operation of the PA in class-F2,3. A proof-of-concept PA, fabricated using a 250-nm GaN-on-SiC process, provides 33.8-dBm output power and 42% peak drain efficiency (DE) at 4.8 GHz. Modulated-signal measurements using a 200-MHz 256-QAM 7.2-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signal indicate that rms error vector magnitude (EVMrms) of <; 5% (-26 dB) can be achieved with 27.7-28.5 dBm average output power, 26%-30% average DE, and -38.1 to -33.5 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), in the four operation modes. It is shown that ACLR can be improved by 6 dB at lower output power levels through reconfiguring the mode of PA operation.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation does not increase the risk of infection‐related complications for pediatric patients with Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas: A multicenter nationwide study (2020)

The incidence of IC was comparable during first- and second-line chemotherapy and after HSCT, but their profile was different for primary or re/ref lymphoma and depended on the type of therapy.
High Exhaust Heat Wavelength Conversion Module (2020)

As developing laser technology, lasers have come to be used for various applications such as chemical analysis and material processing. In addition, the expectation for higher power laser becomes strong due to expanding the application range. On the other hand, as the output power of the laser becomes higher, higher light resistance is required for the laser crystal, wavelength conversion crystal and fiber which constitute the laser. In this paper we have investigated an approach to increasing the output power using a quasi-phase-matched wavelength conversion element. In particular, special attention was paid to the heat generated in the crystal as output power increased. The maximum output power is limited by the influence of this heat, and due to overcoming it we have developed an exhaust-heat wavelength conversion module that efficiently removes heat. we demonstrated stable 15 W green power in CW single-pass conversion.
Improving energy efficiency of Wi-Fi sensing on smartphones (2011)

Mobile data usage over cellular networks has been dramatically increasing over the past years. Wi-Fi based wireless networks offer a high-bandwidth alternative for offloading such data traffic. However, intermittent connectivity, and battery power drain in mobile devices, inhibits always-on connectivity even in areas with good Wi-Fi coverage. This paper presents WiFisense, a system that employs user mobility information retrieved from low-power sensors (e.g., accelerometer) in smartphones, and further includes adaptive Wi-Fi sensing algorithms, to conserve battery power while improving Wi-Fi usage. We implement the proposed system in Android-based smartphones and evaluate the implementation in both indoor and outdoor Wi-Fi networks. Our evaluation results show that WiFisense saves energy consumption for scans by up to 79% and achieves considerable increase in Wi-Fi usage for various scenarios.
Likelihood function for QRM-MLD suitable for soft-decision turbo decoding and its performance for OFCDM MIMO multiplexing in multipath fading channel (2005)

This paper proposes likelihood function generation of complexity-reduced maximum likelihood detection with QR decomposition and M-algorithm (QRM-MLD) suitable for soft-decision turbo decoding and investigates the throughput performance using QRM-MLD with the proposed likelihood function in multipath Rayleigh fading channels for orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing. Simulation results show that by using the proposed likelihood function generation scheme for soft-decision turbo decoding following QRM-MLD in 4-by-4 MIMO multiplexing, the required average received signal energy per bit-to-noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub b//N/sub o/) at the average block error rate (BLER) of 10/sup -2/ at a 1-Gbps data rate is significantly reduced compared to that using hard-decision decoding in OFCDM access with 16 QAM modulation, the coding rate of 8/9, and 8-code multiplexing with a spreading factor of 8 assuming a 100-MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, we show that by employing QRM-MLD associated with soft-decision turbo decoding for 4-by-4 MIMO multiplexing, the throughput values of 500 Mbps and 1 Gbps are achieved at the average received E/sub b//N/sub o/ of approximately 4.5 and 9.3 dB by QPSK with the coding rate of R = 8/9 and 16 QAM with R = 8/9, respectively, for OFCDM access assuming a 100-MHz bandwidth in a twelve-path Rayleigh fading channel.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Free Porphyrins Corallistin B, C, D, and E: Isolation from the Demosponge Corallistes sp. of the Coral Sea and Reactivity of Their Nickel(II) Complexes Toward Formylating Reagents. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonlinear four-wave mixing in erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (1993)

Four-wave mixing in erbium-doped fibre amplifiers is presented and studied. Coupling in two cases is demonstrated: first, where one laser supplies all three input beams, and second, where two different lasers are used and the coupling is measured as a function of their relative detuning. This has potential uses in dynamic fibre-optic applications, such as filters and wavelength routing.
An Engineered Human Fc variant With Exquisite Selectivity for FcγRIIIaV158 Reveals That Ligation of FcγRIIIa Mediates Potent Antibody Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis With GM-CSF-Differentiated Macrophages (2019)

IgG antibodies mediate the clearance of target cells via the engagement of Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) on effector cells by eliciting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis (ADCC and ADCP, respectively). Because (i) the IgG Fc domain binds to multiple FcγRs with varying affinities; (ii) even low Fc:FcγRs affinity interactions can play a significant role when antibodies are engaged in high avidity immune complexes and (iii) most effector cells express multiple FcγRs, the clearance mechanisms that can be mediated by individual FcγR are not well-understood. Human FcγRIIIa (hFcγRIIIa; CD16a), which exists as two polymorphic variants at position 158, hFcγRIIIa<sub>V158</sub> and hFcγRIIIa<sub>F158</sub>, is widely considered to only trigger ADCC, especially with natural killer (NK) cells as effectors. To evaluate the role of hFcγRIIIa ligation in myeloid-derived effector cells, and in particular on macrophages and monocytes which express multiple FcγRs, we engineered an aglycosylated engineered human Fc (hFc) variant, Fc3aV, which binds exclusively to hFcγRIIIa<sub>V158</sub>. Antibodies formatted with the Fc3aV variant bind to the hFcγRIIIa<sub>V158</sub> allotype with a somewhat lower K<sub>D</sub> than their wild type IgG1 counterparts, but not to any other hFcγR. The exceptional selectivity for hFcγRIIIa<sub>V158</sub> was demonstrated by SPR using increased avidity, dimerized GST-fused versions of the ectodomains of hFcγRs and from the absence of binding of large immune complex (IC) to CHO cells expressing each of the hFcγRs, including notably, the FcγRIIIa<sub>F158</sub> variant or the highly homologous FcγRIIIb. We show that even though monocyte-derived GM-CSF differentiated macrophages express hFcγRIIIa at substantially lower levels than the other two major activating receptors, namely hFcγRI or hFcγRIIa, Fc3aV-formatted Rituximab and Herceptin perform ADCP toward CD20- and Her2-expressing cancer cells, respectively, at a level comparable to that of the respective wild-type antibodies. We further show that hFcγRIIIa activation plays a significant role on ADCC by human peripheral monocytes. Our data highlight the utility of Fc3aV and other similarly engineered exquisitely selective, aglycosylated Fc variants toward other hFcγRs as tools for the detailed molecular understanding of hFcγR biology.
Liquid‐crystalline glycolipids: towards understanding the roles of liquid crystals in biological and life processes (2006)

A Commentary on the paper ”Liquid‐crystalline behaviour in the n‐alkyl gluconamides and other related carbohydrates„, by B. Pfannemüller, W. Welte, E. Chin and J.W. Goodby. First published in Liquid Crystals, 1, 357‐370 (1986).
Correlation of Amyloid PET Ligand Florbetapir F 18 Binding With Aβ Aggregation and Neuritic Plaque Deposition in Postmortem Brain Tissue (2011)

Florbetapir F 18 selectively binds Aβ in human brain tissue. The binding intensity was quantitatively correlated with the density of Aβ plaques identified by standard neuropathologic techniques and correlated with the density of Aβ measured by immunohistochemistry. As Aβ plaques are a defining neuropathologic feature for Alzheimer disease, these results support the use of florbetapir F 18 as an amyloid positron emission tomography ligand to identify the presence of Alzheimer disease pathology in patients with signs and symptoms of progressive late-life cognitive impairment.
Data from <i>PARD3</i> Inactivation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas Impairs STAT3 and Promotes Malignant Invasion (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Correct apicobasal polarization and intercellular adhesions are essential for the appropriate development of normal epithelia. Here, we investigated the contribution of the cell polarity regulator &lt;i&gt;PARD3&lt;/i&gt; to the development of lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC). Tumor-specific &lt;i&gt;PARD3&lt;/i&gt; alterations were found in 8% of LSCCs examined, placing &lt;i&gt;PARD3&lt;/i&gt; among the most common tumor suppressor genes in this malignancy. Most PAR3-mutant proteins exhibited a relative reduction in the ability to mediate formation of tight junctions and actin-based protrusions, bind atypical protein kinase C, activate RAC1, and activate STAT3 at cell confluence. Thus, &lt;i&gt;PARD3&lt;/i&gt; alterations prevented the formation of contacts between neighboring cells and the subsequent downstream signaling. Notably, reconstituting PAR3 activity &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; reduced tumor-invasive and metastatic properties. Our findings define &lt;i&gt;PARD3&lt;/i&gt; as a recurrently inactivated cell polarity regulator in LSCC that affects tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 75(7); 1287–97. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A 91 to 110-GHz tapered constructive wave power amplifier in a 0.12&#x00B5;m SiGe BiCMOS process (2010)

A W-band, tapered constructive wave power amplifier (TCWPA) has been designed and fabricated in a 0.12 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The amplifier has a 3 dB BW of 19 GHz from 91-110 GHz and a maximum gain of 12.5 dB at 101 GHz. At 98 GHz, OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> is 4.9 dBm. At 97 GHz, P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> is 5.9 dBm and the PAE is 7.2%. The amplifier operates from a 2.4 V supply and occupies an area of 0.22 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Read and write circuit assist techniques for improving Vccmin of dense 6T SRAM cell (2008)

We review circuit techniques aimed at improving read and write stability of the smallest 6T SRAM cell typically used in microprocessorpsilas Last Level cache (LLC). We qualitatively compare three main approaches and give a designerpsilas perspective on the pros and cons of the different schemes.
Neural network model for global alignment incorporating wafer and stage distortion (1997)

One of the most crucial emerging challenges in lithography is achieving rapid and accurate alignment under a wide variety of conditions brought about by the different overlying films occluding the marks. The problem is exacerbated by planarizing processes such as chemical mechanical polishing that reduce the topographical contrast used to view the marks and by distortion of the wafer and of the stage. Thus, an effective learning process is needed to rapidly acquire the best possible positional information from an array of the marks across the wafer. In this article, a neural network model for global alignment is described. The wafer and stage distortions can be incorporated into the model. The algorithm finds the best fit for the wafer distortion and at the same time compensates for both stage and wafer distortion. The algorithm can also learn to identify and ignore any alignment marks that yield significantly erratic signals. A few common distortion functions will also be used to test the model. Preliminary simulation results show alignment errors &amp;lt;5 nm in the presence of Gaussian noise with σ=30 and 500 nm sinusoidal stage distortion. Also the simulations show that increasing the magnitude of stage distortion has no impact on the results. It will be shown that considering wafer distortion can reduce the alignment error more than 10 times in the case of bowed and distorted wafers.
3T MRI Whole-Brain Microscopy Discrimination of Subcortical Anatomy, Part 2: Basal Forebrain (2019)

Direct identification of basal forebrain structures in multiple planes using the TSE T2 sequence makes this challenging neuroanatomy more accessible to practicing neuroradiologists. This protocol can be used to better define individual variations relevant to functional neurosurgical targeting and validate/complement advanced MR imaging methods being developed for direct visualization of these structures in living patients.
Key Recovery for LWE in Polynomial Time. (2015)

Abstract. We discuss a higher dimensional generalization of the Hidden Number Problem and generalize the Boneh-Venkatesan method [BV96, Shp05] for solving it in polynomial time. We then use this to analyze a key recovery (decoding) attack on LWE which runs in polyno-mial time using the LLL lattice basis reduction algorithm [LLL82] and Babai’s nearest planes method [Bab86]. We prove that success can be guaranteed with overwhelming probability when the error distribution is narrow enough and q ≥ 2O(n), where n is the dimension of the secret key. An explicit constant in the exponent is given, but in practice the performance is observed to be significantly better. Our focus is on attacking the search variant of LWE. Known attacks include combinatorial meth-ods [BKW03, ACFFP13], polynomial system solving (Gröbner basis) methods [AG11, ACFP14], and lattice reduction methods [LP11, LN13, BG14, LM09]. Typically the performance of the lat-tice reduction attacks involves estimating the performance and complexity of BKZ-2.0 [CN11], which is difficult. Still another option is to attack the decision version of LWE [MR09] and use the search-to-decision reductions to break the search problem [BLPRS13, MP12]. Our key recovery attack is interesting because it is runs in polynomial time, and yields simple and concrete security estimates for a wide range of parameters depending in a clear and explicit way on the effective approximation factor in the LLL algorithm and in Babai’s nearest planes method. We ran the attack for hundreds of LWE instances demonstrating successful key recovery attacks and yielding information about the effective approximation factor as the lattice dimension grows (see Figure 3). For example, we successfully recover the secret key for an instance with n = 350 in about 3.5 days on a single machine, provided that the modulus is large enough, and the error distribution narrow enough.
Re-expression of Selected Epigenetically Silenced Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes in Cervical Cancer by TET2-directed Demethylation (2015)

DNA hypermethylation is extensively explored as therapeutic target for gene expression modulation in cancer. Here, we re-activated hypermethylated candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) (C13ORF18, CCNA1, TFPI2, and Maspin) by TET2-induced demethylation in cervical cancer cell lines. To redirect TET2 to hypermethylated TSGs, we engineered zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), which were first fused to the transcriptional activator VP64 to validate effective gene re-expression and confirm TSG function. ChIP-Seq not only revealed enriched binding of ZFPs to their intended sequence, but also considerable off-target binding, especially at promoter regions. Nevertheless, results obtained by targeted re-expression using ZFP-VP64 constructs were in line with cDNA overexpression; both revealed strong growth inhibition for C13ORF18 and TFPI2, but not for CCNA1 and Maspin. To explore effectivity of locus-targeted demethylation, ZFP-TET2 fusions were constructed which efficiently demethylated genes with subsequent gene re-activation. Moreover, targeting TET2 to TFPI2 and C13ORF18, but not CCNA1, significantly decreased cell growth, viability, and colony formation in cervical cancer cells compared to a catalytically inactive mutant of TET2. These data underline that effective re-activation of hypermethylated genes can be achieved through targeted DNA demethylation by TET2, which can assist in realizing sustained re-expression of genes of interest.
ZnRh 2 O 4 : A p-type semiconducting oxide with a valence band composed of a low spin state of Rh3+ in a 4d6 configuration (2002)

It is demonstrated that a ZnRh2O4 normal spinel with a band gap of ∼2.1 eV is a unique material as a p type wide-gap semiconductor. The electrical conductivity of the sputtered film was 0.7 S cm−1 at 300 K with no intentional doping. The electronic structure was investigated by photoemission and inverse photoemission measurements and indicated that the band gap is composed mainly of ligand field splitting of an octahedrally coordinated Rh3+ octahedron between fully occupied t2g6 and empty eg0 sets.
Using smooth metamers to estimate color appearance metrics for diverse color‐normal observers (2021)

Color-normal subjects sometimes disagree about metameric matches involving highly structured SPDs, because their cone fundamentals differ slightly, but non-negligibly. This has significant implications for the design of light sources and displays, so it should be estimated. We propose a broadly applicable estimation method based on a simple adaptive "front-end" interface that can be used with any selected standard color appearance model. The interface accepts, as input, any set of color matching functions for the individual subject (for example, these could be that person's cone response functions) and also the associated tristimulus values for the test stimulus and also for the reference stimulus (i.e. reference white). The interface converts this data into tristimulus values of the form used by the selected color appearance model (which could, for example, be X, Y, Z), while also carrying out the needed transform, which is based on an estimate of the subject's likely previous long-term adaptations to their unique cone fundamentals. The selected standard color appearance model then provides color appearance data that is an estimate of the color appearance of the test stimulus, for that individual subject. This information has the advantage of being interpretable within that model's well-known color space. The adaptive front end is based on the fact that, for any selected input SPD and the subject's unique color matching functions, there can be many different SPDs that are metameric for that individual. Since observer-to-observer color perception differences are minimized for spectrally smooth SPDs, smooth metamers predict color appearances reasonably accurately.