gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized qualification protocol on particle cleanliness for EUV mask infrastructure (2011)

With the market introduction of the NXE:3100, Extreme Ultra Violet Lithography (EUVL) enters a new stage. Now infrastructure in the wafer fabs must be prepared for new processes and new materials. Especially the infrastructure for masks poses a challenge. Because of the absence of a pellicle reticle front sides are exceptionally vulnerable to particles. It was also shown that particles on the backside of a reticle may cause tool down time. These effects set extreme requirements to the cleanliness level of the fab infrastructure for EUV masks. The cost of EUV masks justifies the use of equipment that is qualified on particle cleanliness. Until now equipment qualification on particle cleanliness have not been carried out with statistically based qualification procedures. Since we are dealing with extreme clean equipment the number of observed particles is expected to be very low. These particle levels can only be measured by repetitively cycling a mask substrate in the equipment. Recent work in the EUV AD-tool presents data on added particles during load/unload cycles, reported as number of Particles per Reticle Pass (PRP). In the interpretation of the data, variation by deposition statistics is not taken into account. In measurements with low numbers of added particles the standard deviation in PRP number can be large. An additional issue is that particles which are added in the routing outside the equipment may have a large impact on the testing result. The number mismatch between a single handling step outside the tool and the multiple cycling in the equipment makes accuracy of measurements rather complex. The low number of expected particles, the large variation in results and the combined effect of added particles inside and outside the equipment justifies putting good effort in making a test plan. Without a proper statistical background, tests may not be suitable for proving that equipment qualifies for the limiting cleanliness levels. Other risks are that a test may requires an unrealistic high testing effort or that equipment can only pass for a test when it meets unrealistic high cleanliness levels. TNO developed a testing model which enables setting up a qualification test on particle cleanliness for EUV mask infrastructure. It is based on particle deposition models with a Poisson statistics and an acceptance sampling test method. The test model combines the single contribution of the routing outside the equipment and contribution of multiple cycling in the equipment. This model enables designing a test with minimal testing effort that proves that equipment meets a required cleanliness level. Furthermore, it gives insight in other equipment requirements on reliability.
Interest of Audiovestibular Workup in Chiari Malformation (2012)

Objectives: Malformations in the cranio-occipital region are rare, with the Chiari malformation (CM) being the most frequent of these malformations. The aim of this study was to assess the effect on inner ear in this kind of malformation by a complete audiovestibular workup.
Optically excited microwave ring resonators in gallium arsenide (1989)

Abstract Microstrip ring resonators with fundamental frequencies near 3.5 GHz have been fabricated in semi‐insulating GaAs using an electroplating technique for conductor deposition. Test signals were coupled into the resonators by focusing modulated light into a photoconductive microstripline gap. Loaded Q‐factors measured for one of the rings with optical excitation ranged from 54 at the fundamental frequency to 103 at the third harmonic.
BATMAN (2017)

Tiered-memory systems consist of high-bandwidth 3D-DRAM and high-capacity commodity-DRAM. Conventional designs attempt to improve system performance by maximizing the number of memory accesses serviced by 3D-DRAM. However, when the commodity-DRAM bandwidth is a significant fraction of overall system bandwidth, the techniques inefficiently utilize the total bandwidth offered by the tiered-memory system and yields sub-optimal performance. In such situations, the performance can be improved by distributing memory accesses that are proportional to the bandwidth of each memory. Ideally, we want a simple and effective runtime mechanism that achieves the desired access distribution without requiring significant hardware or software support.
Effects of intravesical prostaglandin E2 on bladder function are preserved in capsaicin-desensitized rats (2020)

Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) instilled into the bladder generates symptoms of urinary urgency in healthy women and reduces bladder capacity and urethral pressure in both humans and female rats. Systemic capsaicin desensitization, which causes degeneration of C-fibers, prevented PGE<sub>2</sub>-mediated reductions in bladder capacity, suggesting that PGE<sub>2</sub> acts as an irritant (Maggi CA, Giuliani S, Conte B, Furio M, Santicioli P, Meli P, Gragnani L, Meli A. <i>Eur J Pharmacol</i> 145: 105-112, 1988). In the present study, we instilled PGE<sub>2</sub> in female rats after capsaicin desensitization but without the hypogastric nerve transection that was conducted in the Maggi et al. study. One week after capsaicin injection (125 mg/kg sc), rats underwent cystometric and urethral perfusion testing under urethane anesthesia with saline and 100 µM PGE<sub>2</sub>. Similar to naïve rats, capsaicin-desensitized rats exhibited a reduction in bladder capacity from 1.23 ± 0.08 mL to 0.70 ± 0.10 mL (<i>P</i> = 0.002, <i>n</i> = 9), a reduction in urethral perfusion pressure from 19.3 ± 2.1 cmH<sub>2</sub>O to 10.9 ± 1.2 cmH<sub>2</sub>O (<i>P</i> = 0.004, <i>n</i> = 9), and a reduction in bladder compliance from 0.13 ± 0.020 mL/cmH<sub>2</sub>O to 0.090 ± 0.014 mL/cmH<sub>2</sub>O (<i>P</i> = 0.011, <i>n</i> = 9). Thus, changes in bladder function following the instillation of PGE<sub>2</sub> were not dependent on capsaicin-sensitive pathways. Further, these results suggest that urethral relaxation/weakness and/or increased detrusor pressure as a result of decreased compliance may contribute to urinary urgency and highlight potential targets for new therapies for overactive bladder.
IL-18 Immunotherapy for Neovascular AMD: Tolerability and Efficacy in Nonhuman Primates (2015)

Based on our data comparing human IL-18 to current anti-VEGF-based therapy, clinical deployment of IL-18 for neovascular AMD has the potential to lead to a new adjuvant immunotherapy-based treatment for this severe form of central blindness.
Total Synthesis of a 28-Member Stereoisomer Library of Murisolins (2006)

Total syntheses of two 16-member libraries of murisolin isomers are reported. In the first library, fluorous PMB (p-methoxybenzyl) groups encode configurations, and four mixtures of four dihydroxy-tetrahydrofurans are prepared by Shi epoxidation followed (optionally) by Mitsunobu reaction. The mixtures are coupled by Kocienski-Julia reaction with a single hydroxybutenolide followed by hydrogenation. Demixing and detagging provide the 16 pure stereoisomers. In the second synthesis, a single mixture of four fluorous-tagged dihydroxy-tetrahydrofurans is coupled with a four-compound mixture of hydroxybutenolides that bear derivatives of DMB (dimethoxybenzyl) groups with oligoethylene glycol (OEG) units that encode the configurations at C4 and C34. The 16-compound mixture is subjected to hydrogenation, double demixing, and detagging to provide the 16 isomerically pure murisolins. Twelve of these isomers are new, while four match samples from the first library.
Lithium Insertion in SiAg Powders Produced by Mechanical Alloying (2001)

The mechanical alloying technique was applied to the Si-Ag system. SiAg powders formed by the mechanical alloying process appear to contain a uniform dispersion of Si in ductile Ag matrix. When the SiAg powders were tested as an anode material in a lithium cell, the cycling stability was significantly improved by limiting the cutoff potential. The SiAg electrode prepared by milling for 50 h showed good cyclability with little fade over the first 50 cycles. It exhibited a stable capacity of ∼280 mAh/g or 1150 mAh/cm3, suggesting that the material system is promising as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Investigation of bend insensitive multimode fiber for optical interconnection systems (2008)

Multimode fiber which can be used with bending radius of less than 5 mm was investigated. Improvement of bandwidth maintaining low bending loss was achieved by adopting Multimode fiber with core/cladding of 30/80mum.
The complex structure of Fomes fomentarius represents an architectural design for high-performance ultralightweight materials (2023)

High strength, hardness, and fracture toughness are mechanical properties that are not commonly associated with the fleshy body of a fungus. Here, we show with detailed structural, chemical, and mechanical characterization that <i>Fomes fomentarius</i> is an exception, and its architectural design is a source of inspiration for an emerging class of ultralightweight high-performance materials. Our findings reveal that <i>F</i>. <i>fomentarius</i> is a functionally graded material with three distinct layers that undergo multiscale hierarchical self-assembly. Mycelium is the primary component in all layers. However, in each layer, mycelium exhibits a very distinct microstructure with unique preferential orientation, aspect ratio, density, and branch length. We also show that an extracellular matrix acts as a reinforcing adhesive that differs in each layer in terms of quantity, polymeric content, and interconnectivity. These findings demonstrate how the synergistic interplay of the aforementioned features results in distinct mechanical properties for each layer.
<title>Combined wavelets-DCT image compression</title> (1992)

The mappings from multidimension to one dimension, or the inverse mappings, are theoretically described by space filling curves, i.e., Peano curves or Hilbert curves. The Peano Scan is an application of the Peano curve to the scanning of images, and it is used for analyzing, clustering, or compressing images, and for limiting the number of the colors used in an image. In this paper an efficient method for visual data compression is presented, combining generalized Peano Scan, wavelet decomposition, and adaptive subband coding technique. The Peano Scan is incorporated with the encoding scheme in order to cluster highly correlated pixels. Using wavelet decomposition, an adaptive subband coding technique is developed to encode each subband separately with an optimum algorithm. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is applied on the low spatial frequency subband, and high spatial frequency subbands are encoded using Run Length encoding technique.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of [2,3]Naphthoporphyrins. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular Design and Synthetic Approaches to Electron-Transporting Organic Transistor Semiconductors (2010)

This review covers the various classes of molecular structures that may be used as the basis for the synthesis of organic semiconductors that favor electron transport in field-effect transistors and related electronic and optoelectronic devices. The types of compounds include tetracarboxylic diimides, heterocyclic oligomers, fullerenes, and metal complexes. Approaches to polymers are also mentioned. Although brief discussions of transistor operation and applications are included, the emphasis is on the rationale for choosing these structures, and synthetic routes to them. Performance of exemplary compounds in transistors is also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL CONTROL OF OLEFIN GEOMETRY IN 2,3‐SIGMATROPIC RING EXPANSION (1978)

Abstract 2‐Vinyl‐thian (I) liefert mit dem entsprechenden Triflat das Salz (II), das mit 1,5‐Diazabicyclo(5,4,O)undec‐5‐en (DBU) über ein S‐Ylid (III) in (IV) übergeht.
A Rapid Method for Creating Gene Mutations and Fusions Using PCR-Ligation-PCR Mutagenesis (2023)

Here we describe a novel PCR method for site-specific mutagenesis. Unlike splice overlap extension (SOE) PCR, this technique does not require primers with overlapping complementary sequences, but still maintains sequence specificity at the recombination junction. Like the PCR process itself, the principle is only inherently obvious after it has been explained. Remarkably, this simple technique can be applied universally to generate gene fusions, deletions, insertions and point mutations. The method is practical, cost effective and reproducible, and it therefore offers many advantages over existing techniques and commercially available mutagenesis kits.
Enhanced Hydrodeoxygenation of m-Cresol over Bimetallic Pt–Mo Catalysts through an Oxophilic Metal-Induced Tautomerization Pathway (2016)

Supported bimetallic catalysts consisting of a noble metal (e.g., Pt) and an oxophilic metal (e.g., Mo) have received considerable attention for the hydrodeoxygenation of oxygenated aromatic compounds produced from biomass fast pyrolysis. Here, we report that PtMo can catalyze m-cresol deoxygenation via a pathway involving an initial tautomerization step. In contrast, the dominant mechanism on monometallic Pt/Al2O3 was found to be sequential Pt-catalyzed ring hydrogenation followed by dehydration on the support. Bimetallic Pt10Mo1 and Pt1Mo1 catalysts were found to produce the completely hydrogenated and deoxygenated product, methylcyclohexane (MCH), with much higher yields than monometallic Pt catalysts with comparable metal loadings and surface areas. Over an inert carbon support, MCH formation was found to be slow over monometallic Pt catalysts, while deoxygenation was significant for PtMo catalysts even in the absence of an acidic support material. Experimental studies of m-cresol deoxygenation together with density functional theory calculations indicated that Mo sites on the PtMo bimetallic surface dramatically lower the barrier for m-cresol tautomerization and subsequent deoxygenation. The accessibility of this pathway arises from the increased interaction between the oxygen of m-cresol and the Mo sites in the Pt surface. This interaction significantly alters the configuration of the precursor and transition states for tautomerization. A suite of catalyst characterization techniques including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) indicate that Mo was present in a reduced state on the bimetallic surface under conditions relevant for reaction. Overall, these results suggest that the use of bifunctional metal catalysts can result in new reaction pathways that are unfavorable on monometallic noble metal catalysts.
Don't lose the point, check it: Is your cloud application using the right strategy (2019)

Users pay for running their applications on cloud infrastructure, and in return they expect high availability, and minimal data loss in case of failure. From a cloud provider perspective, any hardware or software failure must be detected and recovered as quickly as possible to maintain users' trust and avoid financial losses. From a user's perspective, failures must be transparent and should not impact application performance. In order to recover a failed application, cloud providers must perform checkpoints, and periodically save application data, which can then be recovered following a failover. Currently, a checkpoint service can be implemented in many ways, each presenting different performance results. The main research question to be answered is: what is the best checkpoint strategy to use given some users' requirements? In this paper, we performed experiments with different checkpoint service strategies to understand how these are affected by the computing resources. We also provide a discussion about the relationship between service availability and the checkpoint service.
Piezoelectric Transformer-based DC/DC Converter with improved Burst-Mode Control (2013)

International audience
Bone marrow perfusion evaluated with gadolinium-enhanced dynamic fast MR imaging in a dog model. (1991)

The authors studied, in a dog model, the feasibility of using gadolinium-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to noninvasively monitor bone marrow perfusion of the proximal femur. With a gradient-recalled acquisition, sequential images of 10 hips in five healthy dogs were obtained for 14 minutes after an intravenous bolus injection of 0.2 mmol of gadopentetate dimeglumine per kilogram. The study was repeated after unilateral arterial embolization of major femoral vessels. Radiolabeled microspheres were injected before and after vessel occlusion. After unilateral embolization, statistically significant differences in enhancement were observed between embolized and control sides (eg, 31% vs 83% average peak enhancement in the femoral neck). There was a high correlation (r = .81 [average]) between the MR data and the microsphere blood flow measurements. The postembolization data indicate that contrast-enhanced fast MR imaging may allow early detection of abnormal bone marrow flow. This technique may be valuable in evaluating patients at risk for avascular necrosis of the femoral head, especially in posttraumatic cases.
Electrical Enhancement of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors Using Fluorinated Silicate Glass Passivation Layer (2008)

Polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) with a fluorinated silicate glass (FSG) passivation layer are proposed and demonstrated in this study. Experimental results reveal that the electrical characteristics can be improved by the incorporation of appropriate amounts of fluorine in the poly-Si film. The poly-Si TFTs with a FSG passivation layer show a high on-current, a low off-state gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current, a high field-effect mobility, and a suppressed kink effect, compared with the poly-Si TFTs with an undoped SiO2 passivation layer. The presence of incorporated fluorine atoms from the FSG passivation layer in the poly-Si channel film can passivate the trap states at the grain boundaries. Furthermore, the incorporation of fluorine atoms can form stronger Si–F bonds near the source and drain sides to enhance the immunity against hot-carrier stress. In addition, the proposed poly-Si TFTs are easy to fabricate, have a low production cost, and are realized using a process compatible with modern TFT manufacturing technology.
COMMUNICATION P QGIC DATA RE NI CONNECT (1996)

We designed and developed a communication protocol (MedCOM) specifically designed to transmit physiologic data over modem connections. MedCOM uses data packets of variable length, a checksum, and a positive acknowledge algorithm for reliability. MedCOM was tested with data generated by the Loral/UF Human Patient Siinulator over a telephone link between Gainesville, FL and Orlando, FL. Link interruption tests show that MedCOM is reliable and that it has the ability to resynchronize a connection when synchronization is lost.
A low power fault-tolerance architecture for the kernel density estimation based image segmentation algorithm (2011)

The kernel density estimation (KDE)-based image segmentation algorithm has excellent segmentation performance. However, this algorithm is computational intensive. In addition, although this algorithm can tolerant noise in the input images, such as the noise due to snow, rain, or camera shaking, it is sensitive to the noise from the internal computing circuits, such as the noise due to soft errors or PVT (process, voltage, and temperature) variation. Tolerating this kind of noise becomes more and more important as device scaling continues to nanoscale dimensions. Stochastic computing, which uses streams of random bits (stochastic bits streams) to perform computation with conventional digital logic gates, can guarantee reliable computation using unreliable devices. In this paper, we present a stochastic computing implementation of the KDE-based image segmentation algorithm. Our experimental results show that, under the same time constraint, the stochastic implementation is much more tolerant of faults and consumes less hardware and power compared to a conventional (nonstochastic) implementation. Furthermore, compared to a Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) fault tolerance technique, the stochastic architecture tolerates substantially more soft errors with lower power consumption.
Efficient Olefinaton with a-Alkyl Cyclic Phosphonamides (1993)

A variety of acyclic and cyclic aldehydes and ketones can be converted into the corresponding alkylidene, benzylidene and methoxycarbonyl alkylidene derivatives by treatment with 1,3,2-diazaphospholidine-2-alkyl-1,3-dimethyl 2-oxides (α-alkyl cyclic phosphonamides) under mild conditions. This olefination method is particularly useful in the case of enolizable carbonyl compounds
Retinal function in high refractive error assessed electroretinographically. (1984)

The retinal function of patients with high refractive error was studied electroretinographically. Thirty-one hypermetropic patients, 7 myopic patients, and 7 patients with either unilateral or bilateral aphakia participated in the study. The ERG responses were measured in the light- and dark-adapted states. It was found that myopic eyes were characterised by subnormal amplitude but normal pattern, expressed by normal relationship between the b-wave amplitude and the a-wave amplitude. In aphakia the ERG responses were of normal amplitude and pattern. However, the hypermetropic patients could be divided into 3 groups. One group included subjects with a subnormal b-wave to a-wave relationship. The second group was characterised by a normal b- to a-wave relationship, while patients belonging to the third group exhibited supernormal b-wave to a-wave relationship. This classification of hypermetropic subjects did not correlate with the axial length of the eye or the refraction of the ocular media.
Lessons for the trail of life : conversation starters for parents and children (1999)

Young adolescence is an important and special period of transition on the trail of life. The child-becoming-an-adult needs to talk safely with an adult about the meaning of life and how to live it. This book, which is part journal and part workbook, provides an opening for the young person and the adult to have serious conversations with one another on issues that arise on the trail to adulthood. The journal provides 17 trail of life lessons for the youngster and adult to examine, and 17 structured opportunities for them to listen to and talk with one another, and to do an activity together. Both will read privately a brief reflection on a topic and think about what it means in their own life. Several questions are posed which should be answered in writing. The act of writing helps to crystallize thoughts in a logical and structured manner and provides an opportunity to re-examine ideas. After writing their answers, youngsters and adults get together to share their thoughts. This conversation is the most important part of the program. The open discussion enables both youngster and adult to grow and deepen themselves and their relationship. Topics include: attitude, persistence, decisions, health, balance, honesty, happiness, love, giving, courage, opportunity, learning, hope, responsibility, sexuality, family, and God. A four-page guide for parents is appended. (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. LESSONS FOR THE TRAIL OF LIFE Conversation Starters for Parents and Children by Brian T. Cunningham