gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A real-world recording database for ad hoc microphone arrays (2015)

We report on a recently-recorded database for use in processing of ad hoc microphone constellations. Twenty-four microphones were positioned in various locations at a central table in a large room, and their outputs were recorded while 4 target talkers at the table both read from a list of sentences in a constrained way and also maintained a natural conversation for several minutes. This was done in the quiet and in the presence of 8, 24, and 56 other simultaneous talkers surrounding the central table at various distances. We also recorded without the 4 target talkers active in each of these conditions, and used a loudspeaker to measure impulse responses to the microphones from various positions in the room. We provide details of the recording setup and demonstrate use of this database via an application of linearly constrained minimum variance beam-forming. The database will become available to researchers in the field.
Identification of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus by Disease-Specific Patterns of Brain Stiffness and Damping Ratio (2020)

This study provides motivation for further development of the neural network inversion framework and demonstrates the potential of MRE as a novel tool to diagnose NPH and provide a window into its pathogenesis.
Modeling Iso-octane HCCI Using CFD with Multi-Zone Detailed Chemistry; Comparison to Detailed Speciation Data Over a Range of Lean Equivalence Ratios (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Multi-zone CFD simulations with detailed kinetics were used to model iso-octane HCCI experiments performed on a single-cylinder research engine. The modeling goals were to validate the method (multi-zone combustion modeling) and the reaction mechanism (LLNL 857 species iso-octane) by comparing model results to detailed exhaust speciation data, which was obtained with gas chromatography.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The model is compared to experiments run at 1200 RPM and 1.35 bar boost pressure over an equivalence ratio range from 0.08 to 0.28. Fuel was introduced far upstream to ensure fuel and air homogeneity prior to entering the 13.8:1 compression ratio, shallow-bowl combustion chamber of this 4-stroke engine. The CFD grid incorporated a very detailed representation of the crevices, including the top-land ring crevice and head-gasket crevice. The ring crevice is resolved all the way into the ring pocket volume. The detailed grid was required to capture regions where emission species are formed and retained.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results show that combustion is well characterized, as demonstrated by good agreement between calculated and measured pressure traces. In addition, excellent quantitative agreement between the model and experiment is achieved for specific exhaust species components, such as unburned fuel, formaldehyde, and many other intermediate hydrocarbon species. Some calculated trace intermediate hydrocarbon species do not agree as well with measurements, highlighting areas needing further investigation for understanding fundamental chemistry processes in HCCI engines.&lt;/div&gt;
Rapid identification of direct-acting pancreatic protectants from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves tea by the method of serum pharmacochemistry combined with target cell extraction (2020)

Abstract Extracts of Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) leaves, a popular sweet tea, inhibit pancreatic β cell apoptosis and have potent hypoglycemic effects, but the identities of the anti-apoptotic bioactive components are still unknown. In the present study, a method using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based on serum pharmacochemistry combined with target cell extraction was established to rapidly identify direct-acting pancreatic protectants from CP. After orally administering a set amount of CP extract to rats, blood samples were collected to characterize the components that can be absorbed into the blood using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Also, target cells (pancreatic β NIT-1 cells) were incubated with CP extract for 24 hours, and cells were collected to identify the components that can bind to the cells using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Finally, to evaluate the protective effect of the bioactive components of CP, MTT and TUNEL assays were performed on treated NIT-1 cell induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Three potential direct-acting pancreatic protectants -- kaempferol, quercetin, quadranoside IV -- were identified, and anti-apoptotic effects of kaempferol and quercetin were confirmed in STZ-induced NIT-1 cells. The findings indicate that this combined approach is a feasible, rapid, and expedient tool for capturing potential direct-acting components from natural products such as those from CP leaves.
Cytogenetic analysis of human oocytes after subzonal insemination (1993)

Subzonal insemination has been proposed to achieve fertilization in cases where standard in vitro fertilization has failed. We present the results of chromosome analysis of oocytes after subzonal insemination. Our data suggest that the main cause (76 per cent) of the absence of cleavage after subzonal insemination is the total absence of sperm nucleus evolution of the injected spermatozoa. Our results also suggest that spermatozoa chromatin development is normal after subzonal insemination. Aneuploidy does not seem to be increased in zygotes after subzonal insemination. However, polyploidy was often more important than predicted by the observation of pronuclei (PN). Pronucleus development might be asynchronous and can appear earlier or later than after standard IVF. The cytogenetic risk after subzonal insemination might therefore be triploidy (if a triploid egg is transferred, because only 2 PN were seen) rather than aneuploidy or structural abnormalities.
Field-Effect Modulation of Thermoelectric Properties in Multigated Silicon Nanowires (2013)

Electric-field-induced charge carriers typically exhibit greater mobility over carriers contributed by chemical dopants and offer a powerful mechanism for thermoelectric power factor enhancement. We fabricate multigated silicon nanowires (Si NWs) and demonstrate significant modulation of electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient with gate bias. Because of the higher mobility of field-effect charge carriers, we demonstrate that power factor for the gated Si NWs is similar to the highest values reported for n-type Si nanostructures despite charge transport only occurring at the NW surface. Field-effect doping is a promising strategy for optimizing power factor and may result in significant power factor enhancement in smaller diameter Si NWs where high average carrier densities can be obtained with induced surface charge.
Scaling Theory of Neutral Sequence-Specific Polyampholytes (2021)

The primary sequence of charged monomers in a polyampholyte has a profound effect on its conformational properties. In this work, theory and simulations are used to predict how the sequence influences the single-chain behavior of globally neutral polyampholytes (PAs) under salt-free conditions. We consider PAs with Markov statistics of charges, where charge “blockiness” is defined by the correlation λ along the chain. These PAs cover a wide spectrum of primary sequences ranging from alternating (λ = −1) to ideally random (λ = 0) to diblock (λ → 1). In a theta solvent, sufficiently long PAs of any primary sequence form globules, but their internal structure, as well as the position and sharpness of the coil–globule transition, crucially depends on λ. Using scaling arguments, we demonstrate that the excess charge of the globule correlation volume (blob) increases with increasing λ, thereby inducing stronger Coulomb attractions between neighboring blobs of opposite charge and leading to higher density PA globules. Scaling predictions are supported by the results of the random phase approximation (RPA) and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. A generalization to good and poor solvents is presented that enables the construction of the resulting scaling diagram of PA conformations in terms of solvent quality and charge blockiness, thereby providing a comprehensive molecular understanding of the role of the PA primary sequence in the chain structure.
A Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Shows Condylar Lift-off during Deep Knee Bends (2005)

This prospective randomized study was done to examine whether any difference in presentation of condyler lift-off exists between posterior cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasties. Fluoroscopic analysis of flexion kinematics under weightbearing condition was done for 18 patients who had bilateral paired total knee arthroplasties. The posterior cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized prostheses were from the same total knee arthroplasty series with comparable surface geometries and were implanted by one surgeon. At evaluation, five of 18 patients (28%) with posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasties had condylar lift-off, compared with 12 of 18 patients (67%) with posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasties. Consequently, a significant difference in its incidence was seen between the groups. Condylar lift-off in posterior-stabilized knees was observed at various flexion angles, and one knee in this group had lift-off laterally and medially at different flexion angles. These findings raise concern that the higher incidence of condylar lift-off in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty may lead to an increased wear rate of polyethylene associated with long-term prosthetic loosening.
Pseudomonas 2007 (2007)

Pseudomonas 2007, the Eleventh International Congress on Pseudomonas, was organized by the American Society for Microbiology and was held at the Westin Seattle in Seattle, Washington, 26 to 30 August 2007.Three hundred thirty participants attended this meeting from 30 countries.There were 27 invited speakers.There also were 220 posters, among which 22 were chosen for oral presentations.The meeting highlighted the remarkable breadth of the field while emphasizing the similarities and differences between species in the genus Pseudomonas.Some of these exciting developments are summarized in this review of the talks presented at the meeting.With a few exceptions, the presentations are grouped according to the sessions in which they were presented.In addition, in this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology, a number of papers provide in-depth coverage of some of the oral and poster presentations from the meeting.
Phasing Genotypes Using a Hidden Markov Model (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction A Hidden Markov Model for Recombinant Haplotypes Learning the HMM from Unphased Genotype Data Haplotype Reconstruction Experimental Results Discussion Acknowledgments References
Probabilistic Prediction of Vehicle Semantic Intention and Motion (2018)

Accurately predicting the possible behaviors of traffic participants is an essential capability for future autonomous vehicles. The majority of current researches fix the number of driving intentions by considering only a specific scenario. However, distinct driving environments usually contain various possible driving maneuvers. Therefore, a intention prediction method that can adapt to different traffic scenarios is needed. To further improve the overall vehicle prediction performance, motion information is usually incorporated with classified intentions. As suggested in some literature, the methods that directly predict possible goal locations can achieve better performance for long-term motion prediction than other approaches due to their automatic incorporation of environment constraints. Moreover, by obtaining the temporal information of the predicted destinations, the optimal trajectories for predicted vehicles as well as the desirable path for ego autonomous vehicle could be easily generated. In this paper, we propose a Semantic based Intention and Motion Prediction (SIMP) method, which can be adapted to any driving scenarios by using semantic defined vehicle behaviors. It utilizes a probabilistic framework based on deep neural network to estimate the intentions, final locations, and the corresponding time information for surrounding vehicles. An exemplar real-world scenario was used to implement and examine the proposed method.
Flt-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, is a novel cell surface marker for the lineage of monocyte-macrophages in humans (2001)

Flt-1, also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), is a high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor for VEGF and is expressed almost exclusively on vascular endothelial cells. As an exception, Flt-1 transcript was recently found to be expressed in human peripheral blood monocytes. However, the protein of the Flt-1 receptor on the cell surface of monocytes is yet to be identified, and whether the Flt-1 protein is expressed during the differentiation of monocyte-macrophage lineage cells has not been examined. Using monoclonal antibodies against 2 different antigenic epitopes on the Flt-1 extracellular domain, this study found that the major population of the monocyte-marker CD97+ cells in human peripheral blood express Flt-1 as a cell surface molecule. VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1) was not expressed at detectable levels in these cells. An Flt-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody significantly suppressed VEGF-induced migration of the monocytes, suggesting an important role for Flt-1 in the biologic function of monocytes. Furthermore, CD34+ cells in human cord blood, originally negative for the Flt-1 expression, differentiated into Flt-1+ cells in association with the appearance of monocyte-macrophage markers after a 2-week culture in the presence of hematopoietic cytokines. In addition, the Flt-1+ CD11b+ cell fraction from CD34+ cells was found to efficiently differentiate into multinuclear osteoclasts in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and osteoclast differentiation factor. These results strongly suggest that Flt-1 is a novel cell surface marker as well as a biologically functional molecule for monocyte-macrophage lineages in humans.
Targeted delivery systems for biological therapies of inflammatory diseases (2014)

Molecular advances have uncovered various targets for biological therapies against inflammatory diseases. Despite substantial promise, the potential translation from the bench to the clinic is limited due to poor systemic stability of the delivery systems, low tissue distribution, and safety concerns. In order to develop clinically translatable targeted delivery systems, thorough evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity in relevant animal models and in different inflammatory diseases is needed. In addition, issues related to long-term storage stability, scale-up and manufacturing of the systems need to be addressed.
Synthetic modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines confer potent monkeypox immunity in non-human primates and healthy adults (2022)

Summary The recent outbreak of monkeypox (MPXV) outside its endemic boundaries has attracted global attention and prompted world leaders to reserve millions of doses of the only approved third-generation smallpox/MPXV vaccine, Jynneos, which is based on the highly attenuated modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector. We previously developed COH04S1, a multiantigen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine built on a synthetic MVA (sMVA) platform. COH04S1 was extensively tested for efficacy and immunogenicity in animal models, including non-human primates (NHP), and was found to be safe and to induce SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in a Phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. Here we demonstrate that one or two vaccinations of NHP with either COH04S1 or sMVA elicit robust othopoxvirus-specific binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Furthermore, healthy adults vaccinated with COH04S1 at different dose levels develop robust othopoxvirus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses that are durable for over six months post-vaccination. Importantly, both COH04S1 and sMVA vaccinations induce elevated and sustained antibody responses to MPXV-proteins that are major targets of protective neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrate that COH04S1 and sMVA are valuable vaccine candidates to stimulate robust orthopox/MPXV-specific humoral and cellular immunity.
Combined Multi-portal “Pull-Through” Keyhole Craniotomy (2021)

The definition of combined approaches is broad. This can include multiple portals to the same or different region in the skull base. The “pull-through technique is a versatile, dual-keyhole approach developed to attach tumors that extend between the temporal and occipital poles. This approach is complex, as it entails a knowledge of the intricate anatomy and eloquent cortical and subcortical structures in this region. This combined approach is tailed to minimize peripheral brain damage while providing a direct route to the pathology. This chapter discusses the indications, the anatomy, the patient selection, and the surgical nuances of this approach.
Force-Reflecting Type Friction Free Bilateral System Based on Twin Drive Control System with Torsional Vibration Suppression (2005)

This paper proposes a new friction free bilateral system based on twin drive control system considering resonant frequency for bilateral systems. The twin drive system consists of two motors which are coupled by the differential gear. The output torque becomes a different torque of both motors. The nonlinear friction torque of twin drive system can be easily compensated. However, the resonant frequency and the anti-resonant frequency caused by the tensional vibration exist. This paper proposes a new two-mass-model of twin drive system and suppress torsional vibration by state-feedback. The proposed control method is applied to the bilateral robot, and the effectiveness of the control method is confirmed by the experimental results.
Structural variants of RM734 in the design of splay nematic materials (2021)

The recent discovery of the splay nematic phase, a new nematic polymorph that has been found to be both polar and ferroelectric, is the lead paragraph in an entirely new chapter in the history of liquid crystals. The potential for transformative applications utilising this state of matter – such as photonics, non-linear optics, memory applications and so on – can only be met with significant improvements in the temperature range of existing materials such as 4-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-methoxy-2-methoxybenzoate (RM734). Herein we present several families of materials which are structurally related to the archetypal new nematic material, RM734, including the first non-rod-like materials within the context of the splay nematic phase. We find that the incidence (or absence) of this new nematic variant in a designer material cannot be easily rationalised in terms of molecular dipole moment or polarisability. However, mixture formulation shows promise for the engineering of materials with improved working temperature ranges.
Topological States and Adiabatic Pumping in Quasicrystals (2011)

The unrelated discoveries of quasicrystals and topological insulators have in turn challenged prevailing paradigms in condensed-matter physics. We find a surprising connection between quasicrystals and topological phases of matter: (i) quasicrystals exhibit nontrivial topological properties and (ii) these properties are attributed to dimensions higher than that of the quasicrystal. Specifically, we show, both theoretically and experimentally, that one-dimensional quasicrystals are assigned two-dimensional Chern numbers and, respectively, exhibit topologically protected boundary states equivalent to the edge states of a two-dimensional quantum Hall system.We harness the topological nature of these states to adiabatically pump light across the quasicrystal. We generalize our results to higher-dimensional systems and other topological indices. Hence, quasicrystals offer a new platform for the study of topological phases while their topology may better explain their surface properties.
Updating the modified Thompson test by using whole-body bioluminescence imaging to replace traditional efficacy testing in experimental models of murine malaria (2019)

The new method for predicting parasitaemia in the modified Thompson test is simple, precise, objective, and minimizes false positive results that can lead to the premature removal of animals from study. Furthermore, from the animal welfare perspective of replace, reduce, and refine, this new method facilitates early removal of sick animals from study as soon as the study objective has been achieved, in many cases well before the clinical signs of disease are present.
Novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 mutation causing normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (2013)

peer reviewed
Cell Surface-Anchored Fluorescent Aptamer Sensor Enables Imaging of Chemical Transmitter Dynamics (2012)

A fluorescent aptamer sensor was applied to the analysis of extracellular chemical transmitter dynamics. We utilized a tocopherol-labeled aptamer, which allowed the direct anchoring of the fluorescent aptamer on the cell surface while retaining its performance as a fluorescent sensor. The fast-responsive fluorescent DNA aptamer sensor, which targets adenine compounds, was anchored on the surface of brain astrocytes. Fluorescence imaging of the aptamer-anchored astrocytes enabled the real-time monitoring of release of adenine compounds as a gliotransmitter, which was synchronized with calcium wave propagation in neighboring cells.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli use d‐serine deaminase to modulate infection of the murine urinary tract (2003)

Although once thought to be unique to bacteria, d-amino acids are also produced by mammals. For example, d-serine is excreted in human urine at concentrations ranging from 3.0 to 40 micro g ml-1. An epidemiological survey demonstrated that urine isolates of E. coli are more likely to catabolise d-serine via expression of d-serine deaminase, DsdA than enteric disease isolates. The urosepsis strain, CFT073, and an isogenic dsdA mutant have similar growth kinetics in minimal or complex media. However, relative to the wild type, the dsdA mutant has a pleiomorphic cell shape and a prolonged, 4-6 h lag phase when grown in human urine. This suggests that d-serine catabolism provides a growth advantage in the urinary tract. Unexpectedly, in a direct competition model of urinary tract infection, the dsdA mutant was recovered 300-times more frequently than the wild type in the bladders of mice 48 h after infection. A new model of E. coli uropathogenesis is proposed where growth and gene expression are modulated in response to environmental d-serine levels. In support of this, the CFT073 dsdA mutant is hyperflagellated and more motile than the wild type indicating that intracellular levels of d-serine may directly or indirectly influence the expression of regulons associated with E. coli uropathogenesis.
Evolutionary and Functional Dynamics of Oomycete Effector Genes (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Oomycete Effectors Target Different Sites in Host Plant Tissue Oomycete Effectors have a Modular Architecture Oomycete Effector Genes Show Distinct Patterns of Expression During Plant Colonization Effector Genes Populate Plastic Regions of Oomycete Genomes Evolution of P. infestans Genome and Effector Genes Following Host Jumps Several Oomycete Effectors Suppress Plant Immunity Effectors Are Useful in Breeding and Deployment of Disease Resistance Outlook References
Direct word sense matching for lexical substitution (2006)

This paper investigates conceptually and empirically the novel sense matching task, which requires to recognize whether the senses of two synonymous words match in context. We suggest direct approaches to the problem, which avoid the intermediate step of explicit word sense disambiguation, and demonstrate their appealing advantages and stimulating potential for future research.