gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QIIME 2: Reproducible, interactive, scalable, and extensible microbiome data science (2018)

We present QIIME 2, an open-source microbiome data science platform accessible to users spanning the microbiome research ecosystem, from scientists and engineers to clinicians and policy makers. QIIME 2 provides new features that will drive the next generation of microbiome research. These include interactive spatial and temporal analysis and visualization tools, support for metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics analysis, and automated data provenance tracking to ensure reproducible, transparent microbiome data science.
Fractional-slot concentrated winding machines and drives (2019)

Fractional -slot concentrated -wound AC machines have undergone intensive research and development recently due their compactness, ease of manufacturing and maintenance, and low cost compared to conventional AC machines. Many new applications in appliances, electric traction, and aerospace industries are already possible. These machines pose some control challenges due to the high number of poles, which can be taken advantage of in gearless drives, and the non -sinusoidal nature of its stator MMF. This chapter is focused on the design and performance aspects of the fractional-slot concentrated-wound machines.
On Versatile Video Coding at UHD with Machine-Learning-Based Super-Resolution (2020)

Coding 4K data has become of vital interest in recent years, since the amount of 4K data is significantly increasing. We propose a coding chain with spatial down- and upscaling that combines the next-generation VVC codec with machine learning based single image super-resolution algorithms for 4K. The investigated coding chain, which spatially downscales the 4K data before coding, shows superior quality than the conventional VVC reference software for low bitrate scenarios. Throughout several tests, we find that up to 12 % and 18% Bj⊘ntegaard delta rate gains can be achieved on average when coding 4K sequences with VVC and QP values above 34 and 42, respectively. Additionally, the investigated scenario with up- and downscaling helps to reduce the loss of details and compression artifacts, as it is shown in a visual example.
Hybrid green LEDs based on n -ZnO/(InGaN/GaN) multi-quantum-wells/ p -GaN (2009)

Hybrid green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) comprised of <i>n</i>-ZnO/(InGaN/GaN) multi-quantum-wells/p-GaN were grown on semi-insulating AlN/sapphire using pulsed laser deposition for the <i>n</i>-ZnO and metal organic chemical vapor deposition for the other layers. X-ray diffraction revealed that high crystallographic quality was preserved after the <i>n</i>- ZnO growth. LEDs showed a turn-on voltage of 2.5 V and a room temperature electroluminescence (EL) centered at 510 nm. A blueshift and narrowing of the EL peak with increasing current was attributed to bandgap renormalization. The results indicate that hybrid LED structures could hold the prospect for the development of green LEDs with superior performance.
Focusing and beamsteering of laser generated ultrasound (2003)

The generation of acoustical waves in solids by pulsed laser irradiation has the advantage of being contactless and nondestructive in the case of the thermoelastic mode. Unfortunately, acoustical characteristics of such a source are limited. To modify these parameters, a phased array of thermooptical sources was made by moving the laser beam, and control of beam directivity was obtained. Achievement of such an array is accomplished with an acoustooptic deflector synchronized with a large pulse dye laser. The influence of the velocity and geometry of the moving source is studied, and comparison with a motionless source is made.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Toward a Bioartificial Pancreas: Diffusion of Insulin and IgG Across Immunoprotective Membranes with Controlled Hydrophilic Channel Diameters (2010)

Research continued toward a bioartificial pancreas (BAP). Our BAPs consist of a perforated nitinol scaffold coated with reinforced amphiphilic conetwork membranes and contain live pancreatic islets. The membranes are assemblages of cocontinuous hydrophobic domains and hydrophilic channels whose diameters were varied by the MW of hydrophilic segments between crosslinks (M(c,HI) = 32, 44, and 74 kg x mol(-1)). We studied the diffusion rate of insulin, BSA, and IgG across the membrane of the BAP in the absence of islets. Membranes of M(c,HI) = 74 kg x mol(-1) showed rapid insulin and BSA transport and negligible IgG diffusion. BAPs containing approximately 300 mouse islets showed appropriate response upon glucose challenge in vitro. The BAP implanted into diabetic mice reduced hyperglycemia and maintained islet viability for at least 4 d.
Integration of AdaptiSPECT: a small-animal adaptive SPECT imaging system (2013)

AdaptiSPECT is a pre-clinical adaptive SPECT imaging system under final development at the Center for Gamma-ray Imaging. The system incorporates multiple adaptive features: an adaptive aperture, 16 detectors mounted on translational stages, and the ability to switch between a non-multiplexed and a multiplexed imaging configuration. In this paper, we review the design of AdaptiSPECT and its adaptive features. We then describe the on-going integration of the imaging system.
Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of a zirconocene complex of a cyclopentyne and its use to prepare bicyclic cyclopentenones (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and x-ray crystal structure of a zirconocene complex of a cyclopentyne and its use to prepare bicyclic cyclopentenonesStephen L. Buchwald, Robert T. Lum, Richard A. Fisher, and William M. DavisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 25, 9113–9114Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00207a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00207a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Fluoride Doping in Crystalline and Amorphous Indium Oxide Semiconductors (2022)

In this contribution, the structural and electronic effects of fluoride doping in both crystalline and amorphous indium oxides are investigated by both experimental and theoretical techniques. Pristine crystalline and amorphous fluoride-doped indium oxide (F:In–O) phases were prepared by solution-based combustion synthesis and sol–gel techniques, respectively. The chemical composition, environment, and solid-state microstructure of these materials were extensively studied with a wide array of state-of-the-art techniques such as UV–vis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, 19F and 115In solid-state NMR, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) as well as by density functional theory (DFT) computation combined with MD simulations. Interestingly, the UV–vis data reveal that while the band gap increases upon F–-doping in the crystalline phase, it decreases in the amorphous phase. The 19F solid-state NMR data indicate that upon fluorination, the InO3F3 environment predominates in the crystalline oxide phase, whereas the InO4F2 environment is predominant in the amorphous oxide phase. The HR-TEM data indicate that fluoride doping inhibits crystallization in both crystalline and amorphous In–O phases, a result supported by the 115In solid-state NMR, EXAFS, and DFT-MD simulation data. Thus, this study establishes fluoride as a versatile anionic agent to induce disorder in both crystalline and amorphous indium oxide matrices, while modifying the electronic properties of both, but in dissimilar ways.
<title>Interferometric measurements of thermo-optic coefficients of ZnS, CaF<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>, and Ge in the infrared</title> (1996)

The thermo-optic coefficient (delta) n divided by (delta) T of CaF<SUB>2</SUB>, ZnS and Ge single crystals have been measured in the infrared from 20 degrees C to 100 degrees C. The laser interferometric method employed allows a determination of (delta) n divided by (delta) T with an accuracy close to 10<SUP>-6</SUP>K<SUP>-1</SUP> in the case of nonabsorbing materials. For Ge the uncertainty is increased by a factor of 3 and is mainly due to its increasing absorption coefficient with temperature. The behavior of ZnS was examined at 1.06 micrometers and 10.6 micrometers laser radiations; CaF<SUB>2</SUB> and Ge were investigated respectively at 1.06 micrometers and 10.6 micrometers.
A polymer‐based MR‐compatible guidewire: A study to explore new prospects for interventional peripheral magnetic resonance angiography (ipMRA) (2005)

The new guidewire is well-suited for clinical application due to an absence of the risk of core fracture and its atraumatic flexible tip. It opens novel prospects for the realization of ipMRA in humans that need to be explored in further studies.
Figure S2. Network representation of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for Biological pathways. from Proteasomal Inhibition by Ixazomib Induces CHK1 and MYC-Dependent Cell Death in T-cell and Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A. Reactome, B. KEGG, C. MYC Pathways, extract from C2 gene sets for ixazomib 24 hours versus control for Jurkat, L540, and L428 cells, with L540 overlaid with either Jurkat or L428. Leading edge analysis with a FDR&lt;0.05 determined significant gene sets enriched for each group. The size of each node reflects the amount of molecules involved for each gene set. The edge thickness (green lines for L540 and blue lines for either Jurkat or L428) represents the number of genes associated with the overlap of two gene sets (or nodes) that the edge connects. Clusters in each grouping were named according to common function. Upregulated gene sets denoted with red color and downregulated gene sets were denoted by blue color.&lt;/p&gt;
PPP2R2A prostate cancer haploinsufficiency is associated with worse prognosis and a high vulnerability to B55α/PP2A reconstitution that triggers centrosome destabilization (2019)

The PPP2R2A gene encodes the B55α regulatory subunit of PP2A. Here, we report that PPP2R2A is hemizygously lost in ~42% of prostate adenocarcinomas, correlating with reduced expression, poorer prognosis, and an increased incidence of hemizygous loss (>75%) in metastatic disease. Of note, PPP2R2A homozygous loss is less common (5%) and not increased at later tumor stages. Reduced expression of B55α is also seen in prostate tumor tissue and cell lines. Consistent with the possibility that complete loss of PPP2R2A is detrimental in prostate tumors, PPP2R2A deletion in cells with reduced but present B55α reduces cell proliferation by slowing progression through the cell cycle. Remarkably, B55α-low cells also appear addicted to lower B55α expression, as even moderate increases in B55α expression are toxic. Reconstitution of B55α expression in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines with low B55α expression reduces proliferation, inhibits transformation and blocks xenograft tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, we show B55α reconstitution reduces phosphorylation of proteins essential for centrosomal maintenance, and induces centrosome collapse and chromosome segregation failure; a first reported link between B55α/PP2A and the vertebrate centrosome. These effects are dependent on a prolonged metaphase/anaphase checkpoint and are lethal to PCa cells addicted to low levels of B55α. Thus, we propose the reduction in B55α levels associated with hemizygous loss is necessary for centrosomal integrity in PCa cells, leading to selective lethality of B55α reconstitution. Such a vulnerability could be targeted therapeutically in the large pool of patients with hemizygous PPP2R2A deletions, using pharmacologic approaches that enhance PP2A/B55α activity.
Correction: An International Adult Guideline for Making Clozapine Titration Safer by Using Six Ancestry-Based Personalized Dosing Titrations, CRP, and Clozapine Levels (2022)

International audience
SP1 Mapping of Gut Microbiome-Mammalian Metabolic Interactions by Metabonomics. (2007)

The human gastrointestinal tract is a remarkable organ, with prodigious length, surface area, cellular diversity, signalling capacity, and metabolic activity. Adult humans contain an estimated 10 times fewer human cells than microbial symbionts, which communicate with each other and disperse their metabolic functions, thus behaving like a multi-cellular organism. The intestinal surface is an important host organism–environment boundary, and interactions of gut microbes in the gastrointestinal tract very likely influence the mammalian metabolic phenotype. The mammalian-microbiome symbiotic relationship lends extraordinary capacity to human gut to physically propel, mechanically manipulate, enzymatically digest, and actively absorb nutrients from even the most intractable biological matrices. Gut microbiota were recently shown to vary significantly in obese animals and humans, and their essential role in energy recovery may be crucial in several metabolic variations. Manipulation of the microbiome either by probiotics, prebiotics, and/or by diet shows promise in improvement of human health. Probiotics appeared to offer considerable promise in the treatment of post-infective irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by modulating host metabolism and host-microbiota interactions. In addition, microbial-induced modifications of the intestinal metabolic profile were shown to be region dependent and correlated with the intestinal functions, as manifested by the effects on digestion, absorption, amino acid homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and protection from oxidative stress. The presentation will cover results from metabonomic investigation of post-infective murine models and germ-free re-colonized mice.
One Hundred Years of Vitamins—A Success Story of the Natural Sciences (2012)

The discovery of vitamins as essential factors in the diet was a scientific breakthrough that changed the world. Diseases such as scurvy, rickets, beriberi, and pellagra were recognized to be curable with an adequate diet. These diseases had been prevalent for thousands of years and had a dramatic impact on societies as well as on economic development. This Review highlights the key achievements in the development of industrial processes for the manufacture of eight of the 13 vitamins.
Synthesis and Direct Visualization of Block Copolymers Composed of Different Macromolecular Architectures (2005)

A novel approach toward the synthesis of block copolymers composed of architecturally different components, in this case, a nanoparticle covalently attached to a single linear coil is presented. By a synergistic combination of controlled radical polymerization, convergent dendrimer synthesis, and benzocyclobutene (BCB) cross-linking chemistry, strategies for the preparation of a variety of nanoparticle−coil copolymers were developed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to confirm the formation of architecturally differentiated block copolymers and enabled visualization of individual nanoparticles and their linear chain components for unambiguous characterization of the nanoparticle−coil structures. This confirmed the synthesis of the targeted nanostructure and revealed the dramatic effect that changes in macromolecular architecture can have on the morphology and assembly of these hybrid nanoparticle systems.
Toward developing a hydrodynamic flow and inundation model of the lower Pearl River (2009)

The lower Pearl River in Mississippi and Louisiana flows through extensive areas of intertidal marshes and flood-plains and is subject to frequent floods due to upstream flows, local runoff and tidal and storm forcing. In order to improve flow and flood prediction capabilities, a hydrodynamic flow and inundation model for the lower Pearl River is being developed using ADCIRC by the river modeling group at the Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center. Image analysis techniques are applied to high resolution aerial photography of the Pearl River to extract the channel boundaries and a synthetic bathymetry is generated by fitting an idealized cross-section across the channel. A mesh is generated for the entire lower Pearl River from Bogalusa, LA to the coast. A separate mesh is created for a subregion of the East Pearl River and this model is validated against observations.
(Invited) Thick, Low-Doped Homoepitaxial Ga2O3 for Power Electronics Applications (2018)

Monoclinic β-Ga 2 O 3 has attracted significant attention as a high power electronics material based on its ultra-wide energy gap (4.9 eV), high theoretical critical field (8 MV/cm), as well as the commercially availability of inexpensive substrates grown from the melt. In order to achieve breakdown field consistent with the theoretical expectations, however, very high quality epitaxial films with very low doping and defect density will be required. Wong et al. have reported a β-Ga 2 O 3 MOSFET with carrier concentration below 4x10 14 cm -3 , which is the lowest reported value for epitaxial β-Ga 2 O 3 to date [1]. This talk will discuss the structural and electronic properties for thick homoepitaxial β-Ga 2 O 3 with doping as low as 8x10 12 cm -3 , corresponding to breakdown voltage in excess of 2.38 kV (3.18 MV/cm), measured without field termination for vertical measurements or edge effects correction in the case of lateral devices. Our results show that current β-Ga 2 O 3 halide vapor phase epitaxial technology can produce epilayers with breakdown field approaching the theoretical value of GaN. In addition, we will discuss the annealing of bulk and epitaxial β-Ga 2 O 3 films in O 2 atmosphere as a potential pathway to reduce carrier concentration and possibly improve the breakdown voltage of Ga 2 O 3 Schottky diodes. We show that annealing Ga 2 O 3 in O 2 will reduce N D -N A by about an order of magnitude, similar to earlier observations by Kuramata et al. [2]. Furthermore, we will present our approach for overcoming the polaron-induced suppression of room-temperature p-type conductivity in Ga 2 O 3 , causing holes to preferentially self-trap instead of being available as free carriers [3]. We show that natural p-type semiconducting oxides such as NiO can be integrated with β-Ga 2 O 3 to form a rectifying heterojunction as a fundamental building block for any viable Ga 2 O 3 power device. Finally, we will discuss the low thermal conductivity of Ga 2 O 3 and present our preliminary thermal management simulations and experimental results. [1] A. Kuramata, et al., Jpn. Jour. Appl. Phys. 55, 1202A2 (2016). [2] M.H. Wong, et al., Appl. Phys. Express 10, 041101 (2017). [3] J.B. Varley, et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 081109(R) (2012).
Understanding Suppressor Cells: Where Have We Gone Wrong? (1988)

The initial description of regulatory cells which modulate immune responses was reported in 1970 by Gershon and Kondo [1]. Since that time there have been numerous descriptions of lymphoid populations which depress immune responses in an antigen specific fashion. Phenotypic analyses of these populations generally indicate that suppressor cells express cell surface antigens which are absent on other T cell subsets, e.g. I-J or idiotype-related determinants [2, 3]. Many different experimental models have been used to characterize antigen specific suppressor T cells (Ts). The scope of this review will be confined to questions concerning Ts which demonstrate nominal antigen specificity during their induction, activation and/or interactions.
Application of Multiple-pulse lH-NMR Techniques to the Study of Two Synthetic DNA Decamers (1983)

A variety of biological, biochemical, and chemical studies have demonstrated that sequence has a profound effect on the physical properties of DNA (Wells et al. 1977); some of these sequence-dependent effects are undoubtedly involved in modulating the biological function of DNA. In an attempt to answer some of the important biological questions regarding the relationship between DNA structure and function, a number of spectroscopic techniques have been used to probe the properties of DNA in solution. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is most widely used in the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties of small molecules in solution (Jackman and Cotton 1975), but until recently, NMR studies of RNA and DNA have relied almost exclusively on measurement of the standard NMR parameters of chemical shift, line width, and coupling constants. Because the structural and dynamic information that can be obtained from these conventional NMR studies is limited, in our studies...
Protein C deficiency in a controlled series of unselected outpatients: an infrequent but clear risk factor for venous thrombosis (Leiden Thrombophilia Study) [see comments] (1995)

A deficiency of protein C (PC), antithrombin, or protein S is strongly associated with deep-vein thrombosis in selected patients and their families. However, the strength of the association with venous thrombosis in the general population is unknown. This study was a population-based, patient-control study of 474 consecutive outpatients, aged less than 70 years, with a first, objectively diagnosed, episode of venous thrombosis and without an underlying malignant disease, and 474 healthy controls who matched for age and sex. Relative risks were estimated as matched odds ratios. Based on a single measurement, there were 22 (4.6%) patients with a PC deficiency (PC activity, less than 0.67 U/mL or PC antigen, less than 0.33 U/mL when using coumarins). Among the controls, the frequency was 1.5% (seven subjects). Thus, there is a threefold increase in risk of thrombosis in subjects with PC levels below 0.67 or 0.33 U/mL [matched odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4 to 7.0]. When a PC deficiency was based on two repeated measurements, the relative risk for thrombosis increased to 3.8 (95% CI, 1.3 to 10); when it was based on DNA-confirmation, the relative risk increased further to 6.5 (95% CI, 1.8 to 24). In addition, there was a gradient in thrombosis risk, according to PC levels. The results for antithrombin are similar to those for PC, although less pronounced (relative risk, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.7). We could not find an association between reduced total protein S (relative risk, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.8) or free protein S levels (relative risk, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.6 to 4.0) and thrombosis risk. Although not very frequent, PC and antithrombin deficiency are clearly associated with an increase in thrombosis risk.