gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[11C]Sarcosine as PET tracer for prostate cancer imaging (2014)

"Mirror" cavernous aneurysms are exceptional; only 66 such cases having been published until mid-1996. We report on a 68-year-old woman who presented for left exophthalmos, diplopia and neuralgia. MR and angiography demonstrated a giant symptomatic aneurysm on the left side and an incidental small one on the right side. The patient was treated in two sessions: first, she had selective embolization of her right aneurysm; two weeks later, her left carotid artery was sacrificed with detachable balloons, after a well-tolerated occlusion test. This original and successful approach permitted to achieve a reasonable goal when considering the patient's age, operative morbidity, risk of future complications and final result. A review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and therapeutic indications is presented and discussed.
Forkhead Transcription Factor FOXO3a Is a Negative Regulator of Angiogenic Immediate Early Gene CYR61, Leading to Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointimal Hyperplasia (2007)

Cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61 (CYR61, CCN1) is an immediate early gene expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) on growth factor stimulation, and its expression has been suggested to be associated with postangioplasty restenosis. The forkhead transcription factors are reported to play various roles in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and even adaptation to cellular stress. We hypothesized that the forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a may regulate CYR61 expression in VSMCs and investigated the CYR61-modulating effect of FOXO3a in the process of vascular response to vasoactive signals and vascular injury. To evaluate the effect of FOXO3a on CYR61 expression, rat VSMCs were infected with adenoviral vectors expressing constitutively active FOXO3a (Ad-TM-FOXO3a). Constitutively active FOXO3a gene transduction suppressed CYR61 expression. Luciferase assay with the deletion constructs of the forkhead factor binding motif in CYR61 promoter region, which resulted in a significant decrease in luciferase expression compared with the intact construct, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed transcriptional regulation of CYR61 by FOXO3a. Serum and angiotensin II rapidly induced CYR61 expression, which was significantly reduced by Ad-TM-FOXO3a. Reduction of VSMC proliferation and migration associated with FOXO3a activation was significantly reversed by cotransfection of adenoviral vector expressing CYR61, whereas apoptosis induction by FOXO3a was not influenced. In a rat balloon carotid arterial injury model, CYR61 was rapidly induced in VSMCs in the early stage of injury and remained elevated until 14 days, which was suppressed by Ad-TM-FOXO3a transfection. After 14 days, there was a significant reduction in neointima by FOXO3a transduction compared with the control group (0.06+/-0.02 versus 0.20+/-0.07 mm(2), P<0.01). Such reduction of neointimal hyperplasia by Ad-TM-FOXO3a was reversed by CYR61 replenishment. These data suggest that FOXO3a is a negative transcription factor of CYR61 and that suppression of CYR61 is among several mechanisms by which FOXO3a inhibits VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia.
Drag Optimization Study of Variable Camber Continuous Trailing Edge Flap (VCCTEF) Using OVERFLOW (2014)

This paper reports the results of a computational study that was conducted to explore the effect of various Variable Camber Continuous Trailing Edge Flap (VCCTEF) configurations on the lift and drag of a NASA Generic Transport Model (GTM) wing section at a span-wise location called the break station that marks a sharp change in the wing trailing edge slope. The OVERFLOW solver with the the one-equation SpalartAllmaras (SA) turbulence model and the two-equation (k − ω) Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model was first applied to a NACA0021 airfoil case and the results were compared with experimental data of Harris and ARC2D results. The comparison showed good agreement between earlier results and the SA model. Therefore, SA model was used for all the simulations in this study. Design cruise condition at 36,000 feet at free stream Mach number of 0.797 and Reynolds number of 30.734x10 was simulated for an angle of attack (AoA) sweep from -3 deg. to 10 deg. Five VCCTEF configurations with varying camber in the flap region were considered along with an unmodified (no flap deflection) airfoil as the baseline case. Comparison of lift and drag corresponding to these configurations with baseline configuration (retracted flaps) showed a definite trend in the results. Although the baseline configuration produced the lowest lift at a given AoA among the set under investigation, it produces stall after about 5 deg AoA, whereas with the VCCTEF settings, stall occurs earlier between 3 and 4 deg AoA. The lift enhancement was significant with the extended flaps, but it was accompanied with a drag penalty, as expected. But, the lift versus drag L/D results showed that at the design cruise lift coefficient of 0.51, the L/D characteristics improved from the baseline to four of the five VCCTEF configurations. Among these four configurations, the configuration which reflects a parabolic-like camber is more optimal than the other three configurations in terms of improved L/D and well-behaved Cp distribution. The lift prediction is compared against theoretical lift prediction from potential flow theory. Excellent agreement between computed and theoretical incremental lift is shown.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Phenylbenzothiazoles from Diphenyl Disulfides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Has half the time passed? Investigating time perception at long time scales (2020)

Time perception is fluid, and can change in response to different visual inputs. Previous literature shows that time perception at short (millisecond timing) intervals is affected by low-level aspects of visual stimuli, including luminance contrast and temporal frequency. At long intervals, high-level aspects like emotions elicited by visual input affect time perception, but are confounded with semantics. For the first time, we investigate the effects of changes in low-level aspects of visual input on time perception at long intervals (30 seconds to 3 minutes). We conduct experiments in traditional displays (TD) and virtual reality (VR), and find that luminance contrast, temporal frequency of presentation, and field of view (FoV; tested in VR only) have significant effects on time perception. Using a 2AFC task, participants judge whether less or more than half of a trial’s duration has elapsed at a given sampling point (45% or 55% of the total trial duration). Prior to each experiment, participants are presented with a sample trial and told when 50% of the time has elapsed. Participants perform 8-12 trials at a fixed viewing duration. First, we find that contrast and frequency have significant effects on time judgements of 30s trials with static images in TD. Second, we replicate these results in VR, and also find a significant effect of FoV. Third, the effects of contrast and frequency hold up when using 30s trials of video clips in TD. Fourth, we extend our experiments to longer blocks of up to 3 minutes while varying stimuli frequency, and find consistent results. Our results show that higher frequency, higher contrast, and larger FoV (bigger visual magnitude changes) shorten perceived time. These results provide a means of modifying visual stimuli to change their perceived duration.
Ultrabroadband lattice filters for integrated photonic spectroscopy and sensing (2018)

We report the design, fabrication, and measurement of waveguide lattice filters for use in integrated Raman- or fluorescence-based spectroscopy and sensing systems. The filters consist of a series of broadband directional couplers and optical delay sections that create an n-stage unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer specifically designed to segregate pump light and redshifted signal light in the two output ports. We first report the design criteria for optimal filter performance. Then, we use these criteria with numerical beam propagation methods to design specific broadband couplers. The filters were fabricated by a photonic integrated circuit foundry and measured using white-light spectroscopy. We report both four-stage and eight-stage filters, with the eight-stage filter demonstrating a 190-nm-wide signal passband (1100 cm − 1) on the “through” port with <1.5 dB of ripple and a 17-nm-wide, 20-dB extinction band at the filter resonance.
Polymorphisms of the Androgen Receptor Gene and the Estrogen Receptor β Gene Are Associated with Androgen Levels in Women1 (2001)

To elucidate the possible role of genetic variation in androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha), and ER beta on serum androgen levels in premenopausal women, the CAG repeat polymorphism of the AR gene, the TA repeat polymorphism of the ER alpha gene, and the CA repeat polymorphism of the ER beta gene were studied in a population-based cohort of 270 women. Total testosterone, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 3 alpha-androstanediol glucuronide, 17 beta-estradiol, LH, FSH, and sex steroid hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in serum samples obtained in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Women with relatively few CAG repeats in the AR gene, resulting in higher transcriptional activity of the receptor, displayed higher levels of serum androgens, but lower levels of LH, than women with longer CAG repeat sequences. The CA repeat of the ER beta gene also was associated with androgen and SHBG levels; women with relatively short repeat regions hence displayed higher hormone levels and lower SHBG levels than those with many CA repeats. In contrast, the TA repeat of the ER alpha gene was not associated with the levels of any of the hormones measured. Our results suggest that the serum levels of androgens in premenopausal women may be influenced by variants of the AR gene and the ER beta gene, respectively.
Spectral properties of 2'-oxygenated flavones. (1986)

The ultraviolet, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra of 56 flavones were measured, and the data were applied for the structure elucidation of 2'-oxygenated flavones.
An Equation for Prediction and/or Correlation of Second Virial Coefficients (2001)

We present a simple expression that satisfies known limits for correlating and/or predicting the second virial coefficient. For prediction, we utilize a generalized function that can provide the second virial coefficient of nonpolar and polar substances, as well as for molecules with association and quantum effects. The expression does not require additional terms to encompass these effects.
Thermally induced orientational flipping of cylindrical phase diblock copolymers (2014)

RTP technology is employed to elucidate the dynamics of BCP ordering within pre-patterned topographic structures with densely packed and nanometer wide trenches defined by conventional top down approaches and arranged to form periodic gratings.
Universal Photonic Interconnect for Data Centers (2017)

Tb/s class, co-packaged CWDM optical engine based on 4 wavelength VCSELs around 1μm is presented. The capability to scale bandwidth and link distance > 2km using single mode VCSELs and standard SMF28 fiber is demonstrated.
Enhancement of the electrochemical capacitance of TiO2 nanotube arrays through controlled phase transformation of anatase to rutile (2012)

Here, we report the fabrication of self-organized titania (TiO(2)) nanotube array supercapacitor electrodes through controlled phase transformation of TiO(2), with aerial capacitances as high as 2.6 mF cm(-2), which far exceeds the values so far reported in the literature. The role of phase transformation in the electrochemical charge-discharge behaviour of nanocrystalline TiO(2) nanotubes is investigated and discussed in detail. The ease of synthesis and the exceptional electrochemical properties make these nanotube arrays an alternative candidate for use in energy storage devices.
Future interconnect requirements in high-speed switches for Internet backbones (2002)

Future packaging needs are projected from the perspective of a packet switch chip family. With the growth of bandwidth in the Internet, traditional copper-based intrabox transmission systems are running into limitations. Optics offer a solution, but the main challenge is to reduce the cost and establish appropriate standards.
Pediatric “Sedation” Protocols: Exchanging Old Problems for New Ones (2008)

Children's Hospital of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY Reprints: Dr Neil P. Ray, MD, Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (e-mail: [email protected]).
Would You Like Sashimi Even If It's Sliced Too Thin? Selective Neural Attention for Aspect Targeted Sentiment Analysis (SNAT). (2020)

Sentiments in opinionated text are often determined by both aspects and target words (or targets). We observe that targets and aspects interrelate in subtle ways, often yielding conflicting sentiments. Thus, a naive aggregation of sentiments from aspects and targets treated separately, as in existing sentiment analysis models, impairs performance. 
We propose SNAT, an approach that jointly considers aspects and targets when inferring sentiments. To capture and quantify relationships between targets and context words, SNAT uses a selective self-attention mechanism that handles implicit or missing targets. Specifically, SNAT involves two layers of attention mechanisms, respectively, for selective attention between targets and context words and attention over words based on aspects. On benchmark datasets, SNAT outperforms leading models by a large margin, yielding (absolute) gains in accuracy of 1.8% to 5.2%.
Wide bandgap OPV polymers based on pyridinonedithiophene unit with efficiency >5% (2015)

We report the properties of a new series of wide band gap photovoltaic polymers based on the <i>N</i>-alkyl 2-pyridone dithiophene (<b>PDT</b>) unit. These polymers are effective bulk heterojunction solar cell materials when blended with phenyl-C<sub>71</sub>-butyric acid methyl ester (PC<sub>71</sub>BM). They achieve power conversion efficiencies (up to 5.33%) high for polymers having such large bandgaps, <i>ca.</i> 2.0 eV (optical) and 2.5 eV (electrochemical). Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) reveals strong correlations between π-π stacking distance and regularity, polymer backbone planarity, optical absorption maximum energy, and photovoltaic efficiency.
Characterization of a Hedgehog pathway antagonist in a mouse medulloblastoma allograft model. (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

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Constitutive activation of the Hedgehog pathway accounts for 25% of sporadic medulloblastoma, the most common childhood brain cancer. It has been demonstrated previously that treatment of a medulloblastoma mouse model (Ptch1 P53−/−) with a Hh pathway antagonist, leads to complete eradication of tumors. In order to further characterize the mechanism of action of Cur-691, we have established an allograft model derived from Ptch1 p53 mice and observed total regression of established subcutaneous medulloblastoma allografts following 28 days treatment with Cur-691. Importantly, this effect was found to be durable as no tumor regrowth was noted during 60-day following cessation of treatment. In the current study, we characterized pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile of Cur-691 within the tumor, evaluated changes in apoptosis and cell proliferation, and performed gene expression microarray analysis to identify the molecular pathways altered by Cur-691 treatment. PK/PD analysis demonstrated that concentrations of Cur-691 found in the tumor correlated with repression of the Hh pathway with trough values of less than 1mM. Immuno-fluorescence analysis detected a rapid and progressive increase in cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation confined within the tumor component of the allograft following Cur-691 treatment, indicating that the drug specifically targets Ptch1 tumor cells, while leaving the stromal and vasculature components of the allograft intact. In addition to down-regulation of several well-characterized Hh target genes, we also observed profound changes in cell cycle regulation and DNA replication following Cur-691 treatment by microarrays. Many signature genes upregulated in desmoplastic (Hh driven) medulloblastoma are immediately modulated by Cur-691 treatment, further confirming that transcription of these signature genes are driven by Hh signaling. Together these data support targeting the Shh pathway for the treatment of desmoplastic medulloblastoma or other cancer where activation of the Hh pathway has been implicated.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Evolution of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in ctDNA during Sequential Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4 shows our classification scheme for androgen receptor genomic structural rearrangements (AR-GSRs)&lt;/p&gt;
12 mode, WDM, MIMO-free orbital angular momentum transmission (2018)

Simultaneous MIMO-free transmission of 12 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes over a 1.2 km air-core fiber is demonstrated. WDM compatibility of the system is shown by using 60, 25 GHz spaced WDM channels with 10 GBaud QPSK signals. System performance is evaluated by measuring bit error rates, which are found to be below the soft FEC limit, and limited by inter-modal crosstalk. The crosstalk in the system is analyzed, and it is concluded that it can be significantly reduced with an improved multiplexer and de-multiplexer.
Characterization of Human Vaginal Mucosa Cells for Autologous In Vitro Cultured Vaginal Tissue Transplantation in Patients with MRKH Syndrome (2014)

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) is a rare syndrome characterized by congenital aplasia of the uterus and vagina. The most common procedure used for surgical reconstruction of the neovagina is the McIndoe vaginoplasty, which consists in creation of a vaginal canal covered with a full-thickness skin graft. Here we characterized the autologous in vitro cultured vaginal tissue proposed as alternative material in our developed modified McIndoe vaginoplasty in order to underlie its importance in autologous total vaginal replacement. To this aim human vaginal mucosa cells (HVMs) were isolated from vaginal mucosa of patients affected by MRKH syndrome and characterized with respect to growth kinetics, morphology, PAS staining, and expression of specific epithelial markers by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and qRT-PCR analyses. The presence of specific epithelial markers along with the morphology and the presence of mucified cells demonstrated the epithelial nature of HMVs, important for an efficient epithelialization of the neovagina walls and for creating a functional vaginal cavity. Moreover, these cells presented characteristics of effective proliferation as demonstrated by growth kinetics assay. Therefore, the autologous in vitro cultured vaginal tissue might represent a highly promising and valid material for McIndoe vaginoplasty.
One‐step preparation of polyurethane dispersions by miniemulsion polyaddition (2001)

Abstract The application of the miniemulsion process to synthesize polyurethane dispersions with diameters of about 200 nm in a one‐step procedure, free of molecular weight restrictions, is described. With IR and NMR spectroscopy, it is shown that the reaction of the diisocyanate with the diol is the main reaction, whereas the reaction with water is only a side reaction. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize both polymer and latex properties. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2520–2524, 2001
Once-Weekly Exenatide in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes (2022)

In youth with type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled with current treatments, once-weekly exenatide reduced glycated hemoglobin at 24 weeks and was well tolerated.
Use of CART cells to selectively target autoantigen-specific T cells for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes (2020)

Abstract Previous clinical trials using biologics-based broad-spectrum T cell- and B cell-depleting molecules for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes have shown promising, yet mixed, results. Their varied extent of success may be due to their non-specific action and failure to permanently and completely remove the pathogenic subpopulations. As CD8+ T cells, the most dominant cell type in human insulitis, are thought to be the primary mediator of β-cells damage, we thus designed a strategy by adapting chimeric antigen receptor engineered T (CART) technology to directly target these pathogenic T cells. The newly generated CAR construct maintains original transmembrane and intracellular components, while the extracellular scFv antigen-binding domain was replaced with HLA-A2/β2-microglobulin (B2M) complex that is linked with either diabetes-associated immunodominant peptide zinc transporter 8(ZnT8)186–194 or negative control peptide HIV Gag77–85. We have shown that HLA-A2/B2M complexes were correctly folded and presenting right peptide epitopes on CART cells. The CAR signaling was also sustained, as the expression levels of CD25 and CD69 were significantly elevated only on CAR-transduced Jurkat cells presenting ZnT8186–194 peptide co-cultured with a T-cell line that expresses TCRs recognizing the same peptide. To determine the killing ability of CART cells, we further engineered primary human T cells to express our CAR construct and demonstrated that CART cells can selectively deplete human antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro. Therefore, our results have provided proof-of-principle for the development of a novel immunotherapy for disease treatment.
3D Printed, Low Tortuosity Garnet Framework For Beyond 500 Wh/kg Batteries (2021)

In this project, we developed LLZO garnet ink recipes and processes for 3D-printing highly ordered ionically conductive garnet porous structures on dense garnet separators. Using this technique, we are able to fabricate controlled architecture LLZO garnet solid-state electrolyte (SSE) trilayers for application in solid-state lithium batteries. The trilayer comprises a thin dense center layer sandwiched between a 3D-printed patterned porous layer and a random porous layer. The dense layer functions as the ionic separator between the anode and cathode. The random porous layer hosts the lithium-metal anode and provides the structural support. The 3D-printed SSE patterned porous layer hosts the cathode, providing continuous, low tortuosity pathways for fast 3D Li+ transport through the cell while increasing the electrode/electrolyte interface area to decrease the interfacial resistance. Compared to the random porous structure, this ordered patterned structure possesses more vacant space for higher cathode loading without sacrificing ionically conducting capability, thus potentially greatly increasing the cell energy density. For demonstration purposes, we developed two patterns for the 3D-printed porous layer: grids and columns, for hosting sulfur and NMC cathode, respectively. The corresponding two types of cells were fabricated and tested, and have demonstrated achievement of theoretical discharge capacity without cathode calendaring. In addition, we developed a fundamental solid-state ionic and electronic transport model to optimize the 3D-printed structures for maximum energy and power density. The model was validated by experiment and provides the critical design criteria for achieving the >500 Wh/kg energy goal as function of C-rate.