gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsed cavitational therapy using high-frequency ultrasound for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis in an in vitro model of human blood clot (2017)

Post-thrombotic syndrome, a frequent complication of deep venous thrombosis, can be reduced with early vein recanalization. Pulsed cavitational therapy (PCT) using ultrasound is a recent non-invasive approach. We propose to test the efficacy and safety of high-frequency focused PCT for drug-free thrombolysis (thrombotripsy) in a realistic in vitro model of venous thrombosis. To reproduce venous thrombosis conditions, human whole blood was allowed to clot by stasis in silicone tubes (6 mm internal diameter) at a 30 cm H<sub>2</sub>O pressure, maintained during the whole experiment. We engineered an ultrasound device composed of dual 2.25 MHz transducers centered around a 6 MHz imaging probe. A therapeutic focus was generated at a 3.2 cm depth from the probe. Thrombotripsy was performed by longitudinally scanning the thrombus at three different speeds: 1 mm s<sup>-1</sup> (n = 6); 2 mm s<sup>-1</sup> (n = 6); 3 mm s<sup>-1</sup> (n = 12). Restored outflow was measured every three passages. Filters were placed to evaluate the debris size. Twenty-four occlusive thrombi, of 2.5 cm mean length and 4.4 kPa mean stiffness, were studied. Flow restoration was systematically obtained by nine subsequent passages (4.5 min maximum). By varying the device's speed, we found an optimal speed of 1 mm s<sup>-1</sup> to be efficient for effective recanalization with 90 s (three passages). Within 90 s, flow restoration was of 80, 62 and 74% at respectively 1, 2 and 3 mm s<sup>-1</sup>. For all groups, cavitation cloud drilled a 1.7 mm mean diameter channel throughout the clot. Debris analysis showed 92% of debris <10 µm, with no fragment > 200 µm.
The Effect of Mixing on the Mechanical Properties of Hyaluronan‐Based Injectable Hydrogels (2011)

Abstract A method for determining the correlation between the mixing of two reactive polymers and the structural and mechanical properties of the formed hydrogels is presented. Rheological measurements show that insufficient mixing gives rise to soft and not fully crosslinked hydrogels while excessive mixing beyond gel point results in weaker hydrogels due to potential breakage of their 3D network. Furthermore, the hydrogels swell significantly more in cell culture medium than in phosphate‐buffered saline, attributed to interactions with additional molecules such as proteins. Thus, moderate mixing gives rise to the most homogenous and mechanically stable hydrogels and the choice of medium e.g., for release experiments, should be consistent in order to avoid unnecessary variations in the data caused by different swelling profiles. magnified image
Types and type inference in a visual programming language (2002)

The uses of types and type inference in visual languages are explored. First, we discuss how the goals of a type system must differ from visual languages from those of a type system for textual languages. We then present a type system developed under these goals for the visual language Forms/3. Within the context of this system, issues of particular importance in visual languages are examined, including maintaining the user's conceptual model, the avoidance of language restrictions solely to support a type system, and how the visual process of programming can provide additional information to the type system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High Throughput Combinatorial Formatting of PcrV Nanobodies for Efficient Potency Improvement (2016)

Improving potencies through concomitant blockage of multiple epitopes and avid binding by fusing multiple (different) monovalent Nanobody building blocks via linker sequences into one multivalent polypeptide chain is an elegant alternative to affinity maturation. We explored a large and random formatting library of bivalent (combinations of two identical) and biparatopic (combinations of two different) Nanobodies for functional blockade of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PcrV. PcrV is an essential part of the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS), and its oligomeric nature allows for multiple complex binding and blocking options. The library screening yielded a large number of promising biparatopic lead candidates, revealing significant (and non-trivial) preferences in terms of Nanobody building block and epitope bin combinations and orientations. Excellent potencies were confirmed upon further characterization in two different P. aeruginosa T3SS-mediated cytotoxicity assays. Three biparatopic Nanobodies were evaluated in a lethal mouse P. aeruginosa challenge pneumonia model, conferring 100% survival upon prophylactic administration and reducing lung P. aeruginosa burden by up to 2 logs. At very low doses, they protected the mice from P. aeruginosa infection-related changes in lung histology, myeloperoxidase production, and lung weight. Importantly, the most potent Nanobody still conferred protection after therapeutic administration up to 24 h post-infection. The concept of screening such formatting libraries for potency improvement is applicable to other targets and biological therapeutic platforms.
Beamforming in Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2022)

We consider transmit beamforming and reflection pattern design in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems to jointly precode communication symbols and radar waveforms. We treat two settings of multiple users and targets. In the first, we use a single RIS to enhance the communication performance of the ISAC system and design beams with good cross-correlation properties to match a desired beam pattern while guaranteeing a desired signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for each user. In the second setting, we use two dedicated RISs to aid the ISAC system, wherein the beams are designed to maximize the worst-case target illumination power while guaranteeing a desired SINR for each user. We propose solvers based on alternating optimization as the design problems in both cases are non-convex optimization problems. Through a number of numerical simulations, we demonstrate the advantages of RIS-assisted ISAC systems. In particular, we show that the proposed single-RIS assisted ISAC system improves the minimum user SINR while suffering from a moderate loss in radar target illumination power. On the other hand, the dual-RIS assisted ISAC system improves both minimum user SINR as well as worst-case target illumination power at the targets, especially when the users and targets are not directly visible.
Substituent effects in addition of carbanions to arenechromium tricarbonyl complexes: correlation with arene LUMO (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituent effects in addition of carbanions to arenechromium tricarbonyl complexes: correlation with arene LUMOM. F. Semmelhack, G. R. Clark, R. Farina, and M. SaemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 1, 217–218Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00495a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00495a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PREDICTIVE SUFFICIENCY AND THE USE OF STORED INTERNAL STATE (1994)

In all embedded computing systems, some delay exists between sensing and acting. By choosing an action based on sensed data, a system is essentially predicting that there will be no significant changes in the world during this delay. However, the dynamic and uncertain nature of the real world can make these predictions incorrect, and thus, a system may execute inappropriate actions. Making systems more reactive by decreasing the gap between sensing and action leaves less time for predictions to err, but still provides no principled assurance that they will be correct. Using the concept of predictive sufficiency described in this paper, a system can prove that its predictions are valid, and that it will never execute inappropriate actions. In the context of our CIRCA system, we also show how predictive sufficiency allows a system to guarantee worst-case response times to changes in its environment. Using predictive sufficiency, CIRCA is able to build real-time reactive control plans which provide a sound basis for performance guarantees that are unavailable with other reactive systems.
Index (2019)

You have accessPolymer-Aufbereitung und Kunststoff-CompoundierungOct 2019IndexKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald RustKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald Rusthttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446460799.bmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2019Pages: 837-850Print ISBN: 978-3-446-45832-1eISBN: 978-3-446-46079-9 Copyright & Permissions© 2019 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Cross flow diafiltration of serum with basal medium suitable for growth of hybridomas, sterilization and protein reduction. (1987)

Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) was extensively extracted by cross flow diafiltration (Pellicon, Millipore) and sterilized using the basal growth medium (DMEM) for the extraction. Ultrafiltration membranes of 10(5) and 3 X 10(5) Dalton cut off were used respectively. The diafiltrates were used for hybridoma cultivation and the results of growth and mAb-production were compared with standard medium (DMEM + 5% FCS). Slightly reduced mAb-titers were achieved. These were, however, compensated by decreased concentration of contaminating protein and higher specific mAb/protein ratio as examined by SDS-PAGE and enzyme linked immuno electro transfer blot (EITB).
Prometheus: Um Serviço de Segurança Adaptativa (2008)

Esse trabalho apresenta Prometheus, um Serviço de Segurança Adaptativa que provê funcionalidades para: (i) adaptação dinâmica dos controles de segurança utilizados para mitigar riscos e (ii) adaptação dinâmica das próprias políticas de adaptação. Tais adaptações são guiadas por mudanças no contexto de execução e norteadas por políticas de adaptação previamente definidas. O principal diferencial deste trabalho é a realização de adaptações em tempo de execução de controles de segurança e de políticas de adaptação durante a execução de aplicações ubíquas em dispositivos móveis de forma a garantir a disponibilidade, confidencialidade e integridade dessas aplicações.
Recent Advances in the Design of Resist Materials for 157 nm Lithography (2004)

Further work is described on a new generation of more transparent, 157 nm resist platforms, which are based upon capping of fluoroalcohol-substituted, transparent perfluorinated resins (TFR) with a tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl (BOCME) moiety. By optimizing both resin structure and loading of photoacid generator and base additive a good compromise can achieved between resolution power, dark erosion resistance, sensitivity and transparency at 157 nm. In this manner, resist systems with a transparency as low as 0.87 AU/micron were designed capable of resolving 55 nm 1:1 features, at a dose of 92 mJ/cm2 using a phase shift mask on a Exitech 157 nm small field mini-stepper. Also, these have been imaged with a larger field tool (DUV30 Micrascan VII) to give 80 nm 1.1.5 L/S features at a dose of 135 mJ/cm2 employing using a Binary mask. A description is also given of our work on 193 nm/immersion lithography. Specifically, the effects of changing resist compoents such as PAG and Base content will be discussed. Also, a description of the utility of a protective base soluble barrier coat will be given.
Compensation of multi-channel mismatches in high-speed high-resolution photonic analog-to-digital converter (2016)

We demonstrate a method to compensate multi-channel mismatches that intrinsically exist in a photonic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) system. This system, nominated time-wavelength interleaved photonic ADC (TWI-PADC), is time-interleaved via wavelength demultiplexing/multiplexing before photonic sampling, wavelength demultiplexing channelization, and electronic quantization. Mismatches among multiple channels are estimated in frequency domain and hardware adjustment are used to approach the device-limited accuracy. A multi-channel mismatch compensation algorithm, inspired from the time-interleaved electronic ADC, is developed to effectively improve the performance of TWI-PADC. In the experiment, we configure out a 4-channel TWI-PADC system with 40 GS/s sampling rate based on a 10-GHz actively mode-locked fiber laser. After multi-channel mismatch compensation, the effective number of bit (ENOB) of the 40-GS/s TWI-PADC system is enhanced from ~6 bits to >8.5 bits when the RF frequency is within 0.1-3.1 GHz and from ~6 bits to >7.5 bits within 3.1-12.1 GHz. The enhanced performance of the TWI-PADC system approaches the limitation determined by the timing jitter and noise.
Defining modulatory inputs into CNS neuronal subclasses by functional pharmacological profiling (2014)

Previously we defined neuronal subclasses within the mouse peripheral nervous system using an experimental strategy called "constellation pharmacology." Here we demonstrate the broad applicability of constellation pharmacology by extending it to the CNS and specifically to the ventral respiratory column (VRC) of mouse brainstem, a region containing the neuronal network controlling respiratory rhythm. Analysis of dissociated cells from this locus revealed three major cell classes, each encompassing multiple subclasses. We broadly analyzed the combinations (constellations) of receptors and ion channels expressed within VRC cell classes and subclasses. These were strikingly different from the constellations of receptors and ion channels found in subclasses of peripheral neurons from mouse dorsal root ganglia. Within the VRC cell population, a subset of dissociated neurons responded to substance P, putatively corresponding to inspiratory pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) neurons. Using constellation pharmacology, we found that these substance P-responsive neurons also responded to histamine, and about half responded to bradykinin. Electrophysiological studies conducted in brainstem slices confirmed that preBötC neurons responsive to substance P exhibited similar responsiveness to bradykinin and histamine. The results demonstrate the predictive utility of constellation pharmacology for defining modulatory inputs into specific neuronal subclasses within central neuronal networks.
410. Multivalent siRNAs for Combinatorial HIV Gene Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
Continual evolution of HIV-1 poses significant challenges for developing long-term effective gene therapy strategies. To overcome the propensity of the virus in developing resistance to individual anti-viral gene therapeutic constructs, it is necessary to target multiple stages of the viral life cycle that include viral entry, and pre- and post integration replication steps. Targeting viral co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 will help prevent viral entry, whereas interfering with the viral regulatory molecules rev and tat will inhibit intracellular replication events. SiRNAs that mediate RNA interference are attractive candidates for long range HIV gene therapy. However, a single siRNA is not expected to be effective for this purpose. In our present studies, we designed and tested siRNAs targeted to CXCR4, CCR5 and rev/tat both singly and in combination. SiRNA sequences were introduced downstream of U6 promoters for intracellular expression. Cells transfected with plasmids expressing the individual anti-coreceptor siRNAs showed down regulation of the cell surface proteins by as much as 78%. Additionally, SiRNA transfected cells were found to be highly resistant to HIV-1 challenge in vitro. Plasmids expressing three siRNA constructs against CXCR4, CCR5 and rev/tat arranged in tandem and driven by individual U6 promoters when transfected into cells also showed similar levels of coreceptor down regulation indicating that combinatorial constructs are effective. Although typical siRNAs are considered to be too short to induce interferon (IFN) responses, there is a concern that this possibility may still exist with some siRNAs based on recent reports. Therefore, we evaluated the possibility of IFN induction by both mono and combinatorial synthetic siRNA constructs. Forty-eight hours after siRNA transfection, levels of phosphorylated PKR, suggestive of IFN induction, were analyzed by Western blots. Poly IC, a potent IFN inducer was used as a positive control. Results have shown that none of our siRNA constructs induced IFN since the levels of phosphorylated PKR remained at basal levels similar to mock transfected cells. As these siRNAs seemed effective in down regulating their respective targets, they are promising candidates for introduction into lentiviral vectors for transduction into CD34 hematopoietic stem cells. Use of multivalent siRNAs is a potentially rewarding approach in controlling HIV-1 infection.
Lessons Learned from Reconstructing the 1918 Influenza Pandemic (2006)

The "Spanish influenza" pandemic of 1918 was the most devastating influenza epidemic reported in history and killed >30 million people worldwide. The factors contributing to the severe pathogenicity of this influenza virus are of great interest, because avian influenza viruses circulating today pose the threat of a new pandemic if they develop sustained human-to-human transmissibility. Recent characterization of the 1918 virus has illuminated which determinants may be the cause of virulence. Here, we wish to shed light on what has been learned to date about the 1918 virus with regard to pathogenicity and transmissibility, to supplement our understanding of the determinants of human virulence and transmission of pandemic influenza viruses. Monitoring the sequences of avian influenza viruses for genetic changes and diversity may help us to predict the risks that these viruses pose of causing a new pandemic.
Blood Purification in Non-Renal Critical Illness (2003)

Extracorporeal therapies designed to remove substances from the circulation now include hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemoadsorption, plasma filtration, cell-based therapies and combinations of any of the above. In recent years, there have been considerable advances in our understanding and technical capabilities, but consensus over the optimal way, and under what conditions to use these therapies does not exist. Consequently, we have initiated a series of conferences under the auspices of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI). ADQI aims at establishing an evidence-based appraisal and set of consensus recommendations to standardize care and direct further research. The results of previous consensus conferences are available on-line at www.ADQI.net. ADQI conferences have focused on research and management of renal disease. However, extracorporeal therapies are being used or investigated in the management of many other disease processes including systemic inflammation, liver disease, cardiac disease and thrombotic diseases.
Cooccurrences of Putative Endogenous Retrovirus-Associated Diseases (2017)

At least 8% of the human genome is composed of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) sequences. ERVs play a role in placental morphogenesis and can sometimes protect the host against exogenous viruses. On the other hand, ERV reactivation has been found to be associated with different diseases, for example, multiple sclerosis (MS), schizophrenia, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Little is known about the cooccurrence of these diseases. If all these diseases are caused by ERV, antiretroviral therapy should perhaps also show some effects in the other diseases. Here, we summarize literature demonstrating that some ERV-associated diseases seem to appear together more often than expected, for example, MS and ALS, MS and T1D, MS and schizophrenia, or ALS and T1D. In contrast, some ERV-associated diseases seem to appear together less frequently than expected, for example, schizophrenia and T1D. Besides, some reports demonstrate amelioration of MS, ALS, or schizophrenia under antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. If such results could be confirmed in larger studies, alternative therapy strategies for ERV-associated diseases like MS and schizophrenia might be possible.
802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging Design and Evolution: The Architect's Perspective (2012)

Shortest Path Bridging is the most recent of this series of evolutionary steps, and is arguably one of the 3 or 4 most significant enhancements in Ethernet's history. Until SPB, Ethernet had retained its original control mechanisms, and these are now distinctly behind the state of the art in their properties. SPB refreshes this component of Ethernet, by taking the existing data path technology practically unaltered, and marrying it to a significant extension of the state of the art in distributed control planes, link state routing. The book both explains both the "what" and the "why" of the st