gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization-pinning in substrate emission multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using deep trenches (2022)

We investigated the stable polarization-pinning properties of substrate emission InGaAs-based 980 nm multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). For the multi-mode 40 um diameter aperture VCSELs, we introduced 30 μm wide, 9 μm depth deep trenches that are 15 μm away from the cavity aperture. The VCSELs with trench structure produced higher transverse-electric (TE) polarized light output power, as compared with transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized light output power, namely, the effective TM polarization suppression was realized. These trench-etched VCSELs exhibited a 7.5 dB orthogonal polarization suppression ratio with 16.8 mW of light output power at 60 mA of current injection. The dominant TE polarization distribution was observed in polarization-resolved near-field images of spontaneous and stimulated emission due to the induced strain by the etched trenches.
Elevating crop disease resistance with cloned genes (2014)

Essentially all plant species exhibit heritable genetic variation for resistance to a variety of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, oomycetes or viruses. Disease losses in crop monocultures are already significant, and would be greater but for applications of disease-controlling agrichemicals. For sustainable intensification of crop production, we argue that disease control should as far as possible be achieved using genetics rather than using costly recurrent chemical sprays. The latter imply CO₂ emissions from diesel fuel and potential soil compaction from tractor journeys. Great progress has been made in the past 25 years in our understanding of the molecular basis of plant disease resistance mechanisms, and of how pathogens circumvent them. These insights can inform more sophisticated approaches to elevating disease resistance in crops that help us tip the evolutionary balance in favour of the crop and away from the pathogen. We illustrate this theme with an account of a genetically modified (GM) blight-resistant potato trial in Norwich, using the Rpi-vnt1.1 gene isolated from a wild relative of potato, Solanum venturii, and introduced by GM methods into the potato variety Desiree.
Online network performance degradation localization using probabilistic inference and change detection (2014)

Detecting and localizing performance degradations is a difficult problem that increases in importance as telecom network transition to all-packet equipment. Operators require solutions that are accurate in localization and do not impose large additional costs in terms of hardware deployment or manual labor for operations. Existing commercial solutions are generally difficult to operate, while many academic proposals typically require significant computational resources and are difficult to adapt to production networks. This paper describes a novel network fault localization algorithm based on active network measurements, probabilistic inference and change detection. The algorithm is computationally efficient for networks with thousands of nodes and requires few configuration parameters. Results obtained in a simulated environment on tree topologies show that the solution provides fast and accurate localization of performance degradations.
Phosphatidylinositol kinases and cell transformation. (1986)

Products of phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover have recently been implicated as regulators of cell growth and differentiation. Transformation of cells in culture by infection with certain viruses (Rous sarcoma virus, Kirsten sarcoma virus, and polyoma virus) or by transfection with the oncogenes carried by these viruses affect the steady-state level of intermediates in the PI turnover pathway. In addition, immunoprecipitates of the transforming gene products of Rous sarcoma virus and polyoma virus contain activities of certain enzymes in the PI turnover pathway. We have previously reported that polyoma middle T immunoprecipitates can catalyze phosphorylation of PI to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP). This activity is not intrinsic to middle T or pp60c-src but is due to a cellular enzyme that specifically associates with the middle T/pp60c-src complex. The PI kinase is found in immunoprecipitates of the middle t protein from polyoma viruses that are capable of cell transformation but does not associate with mutants of middle t defective in transformation, suggesting that this association may be important for transformation. Two PI kinases from fibroblasts (type I and type II) that are separable by anion exchange chromatography have been partially purified and characterized. These enzymes differ in their Km for ATP as well as their Ki for adenosine and ADP. Only the type I PI kinase specifically associates with the transformation-competent mutants of middle T.
Wide Frequency Range Optical Synthesizer With High-Frequency Resolution (2016)

The generation of high-frequency signals including those in the terahertz region has become indispensable in state-of-the-art communication systems. A synthesizer as a measurement device generates signals of desired frequencies with high-frequency resolution. Electric signals (microwaves or millimeter waves) can be generated by a photomixer performing optical-electrical energy conversion based on the phase difference between two coherent optical signals. Recently, the frequency bandwidth for photomixers has reached the terahertz region and photomixers are now more readily available. The main purpose of this letter is to provide an optical synthesizer with a high-frequency resolution (better than 1 Hz) and with seamless frequency coverage from the microwave to the terahertz-wave regions using one apparatus. The system is designed in such a way that the mean of the resolution frequency includes the frequency instability of the generated signal.
Heterogeneous Causal Learning for Effectiveness Optimization in User Marketing (2020)

User marketing is a key focus of consumer-based internet companies. Learning algorithms are effective to optimize marketing campaigns which increase user engagement, and facilitates cross-marketing to related products. By attracting users with rewards, marketing methods are effective to boost user activity in the desired products. Rewards incur significant cost that can be off-set by increase in future revenue. Most methodologies rely on churn predictions to prevent losing users to make marketing decisions, which cannot capture up-lift across counterfactual outcomes with business metrics. Other predictive models are capable of estimating heterogeneous treatment effects, but fail to capture the balance of cost versus benefit. We propose a treatment effect optimization methodology for user marketing. This algorithm learns from past experiments and utilizes novel optimization methods to optimize cost efficiency with respect to user selection. The method optimizes decisions using deep learning optimization models to treat and reward users, which is effective in producing cost-effective, impactful marketing campaigns. Our methodology demonstrates superior algorithmic flexibility with integration with deep learning methods and dealing with business constraints. The effectiveness of our model surpasses the quasi-oracle estimation (R-learner) model and causal forests. We also established evaluation metrics that reflect the cost-efficiency and real-world business value. Our proposed constrained and direct optimization algorithms outperform by 24.6% compared with the best performing method in prior art and baseline methods. The methodology is useful in many product scenarios such as optimal treatment allocation and it has been deployed in production world-wide.
Cost-Efficient, High-Volume Transmission: Advanced Transmission Design and Architecture of Next Generation RF Modems and Front-Ends (2015)

Growing demands for higher data rates and the sheer volume of data traffic have been the main drivers for the evolution of Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) cellular communication standards. Increased data rates have, in turn, enabled network operators to offer consumers unparalleled performance and a seamless user experience (UX). To address future demands for even better performance, the UX has to evolve to support various new high-speed packet access (HSPA) configurations, such as dual-cell high-speed downlink (DL) packet access (DC-HSDPA), DC-HSDPA together with dual-band or multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO), DC high-speed uplink (UL) packet access (DC-HSUPA), high-speed DL packet access (HSDPA) with MIMO, and long-term evolution (LTE) with carrier aggregation (CA).
A bacterial small RNA regulates the adaptation of Helicobacter pylori to the host environment (2021)

Long-term infection of the stomach with Helicobacter pylori can cause gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms by which the bacteria adapt to the stomach environment are poorly understood. Here, we show that a small non-coding RNA of H. pylori (HPnc4160, also known as IsoB or NikS) regulates the pathogen's adaptation to the host environment as well as bacterial oncoprotein production. In a rodent model of H. pylori infection, the genomes of bacteria isolated from the stomach possess an increased number of T-repeats upstream of the HPnc4160-coding region, and this leads to reduced HPnc4160 expression. We use RNA-seq and iTRAQ analyses to identify eight targets of HPnc4160, including genes encoding outer membrane proteins and oncoprotein CagA. Mutant strains with HPnc4160 deficiency display increased colonization ability of the mouse stomach, in comparison with the wild-type strain. Furthermore, HPnc4160 expression is lower in clinical isolates from gastric cancer patients than in isolates derived from non-cancer patients, while the expression of HPnc4160's targets is higher in the isolates from gastric cancer patients. Therefore, the small RNA HPnc4160 regulates H. pylori adaptation to the host environment and, potentially, gastric carcinogenesis.
Evidence of Retinal Vascular Narrowing in Glaucomatous Eyes in an Asian Population (2008)

These findings support an association of narrower retinal arteriolar and venular caliber changes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, independent of intraocular pressure.
Tinnitus Suppression by Cochlear Implants (1991)

The beneficial effects of cochlear implants on tinnitus have been noted in several studies, but few detailed appraisals of the phenomenon have been made. Six patients fitted with the UCSF/Storz cochlear implant device were studied. The effects of use of the implant device on tinnitus were monitored, and suppression of tinnitus was tracked throughout periods of stimulation and poststimulation. Tinnitus was effectively suppressed in five of six patients with the device on and with noise input, and reduction of perceived tinnitus loudness occurred in four of six with the device on but without acoustic input to the speech processor. Unilateral stimulation frequently resulted in bilateral tinnitus suppression. These studies reveal that profound tinnitus suppression is obtained by patients using their cochlear implants. Further work is required to quantify the optimal mode of stimulation, but these findings suggest that tinnitus sufferers may ultimately benefit from development of electrical stimulation tinnitus suppression devices.
Impact of recess etching and surface treatments on ohmic contacts regrown by molecular-beam epitaxy for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (2016)

Ohmic contacts fabricated by regrowth of n+ GaN are favorable alternatives to metal-stack-based alloyed contacts in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors. In this paper, the influence of reactive ion dry etching prior to regrowth on the contact resistance in AlGaN/GaN devices is discussed. We demonstrate that the dry etch conditions modify the surface band bending, dangling bond density, and the sidewall depletion width, which influences the contact resistance of regrown contacts. The impact of chemical surface treatments performed prior to regrowth is also investigated. The sensitivity of the contact resistance to the surface treatments is found to depend upon the dangling bond density of the sidewall facets exposed after dry etching. A theoretical model has been developed in order to explain the observed trends.
Band pass active aperture synthesis using spatial frequency heterodyning (2005)

In this aperture synthesis three snapshots are required to synthesis the aperture: one is obtained with simple illumination of the scene, the second when the scene is projected with cosine fringes and the third with the fringes quadrature phase shifted. The spatial frequency of the fringes is set to twice the cut off frequency of the imager. Due to spatial frequency heterodyning bands of scene spatial frequencies lying both above and below the fringe spatial frequency are heterodyned simultaneously into the low-pass band of the imager. Computer simulation results show extension of cut off frequency of the imager to three times the cut off frequency without aperture synthesis.
Pharmacokinetic profiling and behavior characterization of a GalR3 antagonist (2008)

The neuropeptide galanin mediates its effects through three G‐protein coupled receptors (GalR1‐3) and recent studies has suggested a role for the galaninergic system in regulating anxiety and depressive‐like behavior. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of GalR3 antagonists as antidepressant and anxiolytic agents we have studied the pharmacokinetic and behavioral characteristics of the only available GalR3 antagonist, SNAP 37889 (Swanson et al. 2005). Chemical stability studies revealed a pH‐dependent stability of the compound which required formulation development to obtain optimal exposure for in vivo studies. Pharmacokinetic studies of the GalR3 antagonist in the rat showed moderate but extended plasma exposure following intraperitoneal administration. Lower exposure was seen after intravenous injection whereas a 4‐fold increased plasma exposure was observed after oral administration. In vitro binding studies in cells stably transfected with human GalR3 confirmed a high affinity binding site for the GalR3 antagonist and functional signaling was carried out in GalR3 and GIRK expressing oocytes. Under the optimal conditions developed, the GalR3 antagonist is being evaluated in relevant behavioral models in rats and mice. Preliminary results indicate a weak anxiolytic effect not associated with sedative properties. A complete profiling of the GalR3 antagonist is ongoing.
Adsorbent from Rice Husk for CO2 Capture: Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization of Parameters (2018)

In the present work, adsorbents were prepared from rice husk in order to capture CO2 from a flue gas stream. Various pretreatment processes such as desilicalization, chemical activation, and K2CO3 impregnation were followed to prepare the adsorbents. The physico-chemical characterization of the adsorbents was performed in detail in an elaborated way. A fixed-bed reactor was used to measure the CO2 capture capacity of the in-house developed adsorbents. The effect of various process parameters such as adsorption temperature, moisture content, and loading of active component on CO2 adsorption capacity was studied, and results were compared with a commercially available activated carbon. The maximum adsorption capacity observed for 20K-ARH adsorbent was as high as 67 g of CO2/kg sorbent. The effect of water on CO2 adsorption was critically examined, and formation of KHCO3 was observed in the presence of water during the adsorption process. The optimum operating conditions for the maximum removal of CO2 from a simulated flue gas include a temperature range of 30–40 °C, relative humidity range of 80–90%, and K2CO3 loading of about 20 wt %. It was observed that around 94% of the adsorbed CO2 can be desorbed at 180 °C, and the adsorbent can be reused for multiple cycles without compromising the capture capacity significantly.
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Placement With the Sonic Flashlight (2009)

We have shown that the SF is a safe and effective device for guidance of PICC placement in the hands of experienced IV team nurses. The advantage of placing the ultrasound image at its actual location must be balanced against the relatively small scale of the SF image.
Relationship between hydrothermal temperatures and structural properties of CeO2 and enhanced catalytic activity of propene/toluene/CO oxidation by Au/CeO2 catalysts (2022)

A simple hydrothermal synthesis of CeO<sub>2</sub> was implemented to obtain a series of CeO<sub>2</sub>-supported gold (Au) catalysts, used for the total oxidation of propene/toluene/CO gas mixtures and the oxidation of CO. CeO<sub>2</sub> preparation started from a cerium hydrogen carbonate precursor using a range of different hydrothermal temperatures (HT) from 120 to 180°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and H<sub>2</sub>-temperature-programmed reduction data indicated that CeO<sub>2</sub> morphology varied with the HT, and was composed of the more active (200) surface. Following Au deposition onto the CeO<sub>2</sub> support, this active crystal plane resulted in the most widely dispersed Au nanoparticles on the CeO<sub>2</sub> support. The catalytic performance of the CeO<sub>2</sub>-supported Au catalysts for both oxidation reactions improved as the reducibility increased to generate lattice oxygen vacancies and the number of adsorbed peroxide species on the CeO<sub>2</sub> support increased due to addition of Au. The Au catalyst on the CeO<sub>2</sub> support prepared at 120°C was the most active in both propene/toluene/CO oxidation and independent CO oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: FIRST STABLE COMPOUND WITH A PROTONATED PHOSPHORUS‐BOUND NITROGEN ATOM (1985)

Abstract Der Aminophosphin‐Ligand im Mo‐Komplex (I) wird durch gasförmiges HCl am N‐Atom ohne Bindungsspaltung unter Bildung des stabilen, jedoch sauerstoffempfindlichen Phosphorammonium‐Salzes (IIa) protoniert.
One-bit compressive sensing of dictionary-sparse signals (2017)

Abstract One-bit compressive sensing has extended the scope of sparse recovery by showing that sparse signals can be accurately reconstructed even when their linear measurements are subject to the extreme quantization scenario of binary samples—only the sign of each linear measurement is maintained. Existing results in one-bit compressive sensing rely on the assumption that the signals of interest are sparse in some fixed orthonormal basis. However, in most practical applications, signals are sparse with respect to an overcomplete dictionary, rather than a basis. There has already been a surge of activity to obtain recovery guarantees under such a generalized sparsity model in the classical compressive sensing setting. Here, we extend the one-bit framework to this important model, providing a unified theory of one-bit compressive sensing under dictionary sparsity. Specifically, we analyze several different algorithms—based on convex programming and on hard thresholding—and show that, under natural assumptions on the sensing matrix (satisfied by Gaussian matrices), these algorithms can efficiently recover analysis–dictionary-sparse signals in the one-bit model.
Remote delivery of hydroxyl radicals via secondary chemistry of a nonthermal plasma effluent (2013)

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to observe hydroxyl radicals produced by an atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma device at distances greater than 1 m from the discharge. The plasma device is an indirect treatment setup with closed loop airflow and hydrogen peroxide additives that is effective in deactivating bacteria on time scales of seconds. The generation of the detected hydroxyl radicals is shown to occur in secondary chemical processes near the point of delivery of the plasma treated air stream. The production of hydroxyl radicals is correlated with humidity of the air stream and ability to lyse bacterial membranes. The overall mechanisms of bacteria inactivation are found to be a combinatorial effect of effluent species. The results indicate the feasibility of selective plasma induced free radical delivery for biomedical applications even in the case of short-lived species like the hydroxyl radical.
Transform coding of images using directionally adaptive vector quantization (2003)

An image coding technique is described that compresses monochrome digital TV images from 8 to about 1 bit/pixel while maintaining high quality. First, for subblocks of 8*8 pixels the discrete cosine transform is calculated. Then, the resulting block of 8*8 transform coefficients is divided into a number of subvectors, each of which is normalized and quantized using vector quantization. The subvector construction and the vector quantization are performed adaptively to the 'direction' of spatial activity in the pixel subblock. The quantization also adapts to the energy of the subvector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An N-terminal fragment of the gene 4 helicase/primase of bacteriophage T7 retains primase activity in the absence of helicase activity (1998)

Primase and helicase activities of bacteriophage T7 are present in a single polypeptide coded by gene 4. Because the amino terminal region of the gene 4 protein contributes to primase activity, we constructed a truncated gene 4 encoding the N-terminal 271-aa residues. The truncated protein, purified from cells overexpressing the protein, is a dimer in solution; the full-length protein is a hexamer. Although the fragment is devoid of dTTPase and helicase activities, it catalyzes template-directed synthesis of di-, tri-, and tetranucleotides. The rates for tetraribonucleotide synthesis and for dinucleotide extension on a 20-nucleotide template are similar for the full-length and truncated proteins. However, the activity of the primase fragment is unaffected by dTTP whereas the primase activity of the full-length protein is stimulated >14-fold. The primase fragment is defective in the interaction with T7 DNA polymerase in that primer synthesis cannot be coupled to DNA synthesis.
Orientation Method Applied to onshore 3-Component VSP’s Recorded with a Relative Bearing Sensor in Partially Low Deviated Boreholes (2017)

Summary Many Iranian rig-source VSP datasets are recorded with the multilevel versatile seismic imager (VSI) VSP tool. Each shuttle of the VSI toolstring contains a Relative Bearing (RB) sensor measuring the roll angle made by the VSP tool arm with the vertical plane locally tangent to the deviated borehole trajectory. The 3C VSP data actually look correctly oriented using the roll angle provided by the RB sensor where the hole vertical inclination is over 8°. The whole orientation into geographical system was done using the hole inclination and azimuth angles provided by the borehole survey recorded during the wireline logging operations. A method was designed at the preprocessing stage to orientate the VSP data recorded below the 8° hole inclination threshold, by finding the RB angle differences level to level so as to render the downgoing Shear VSP wavetrain coherent on adjacent VSP stations. This was followed by calibrating the true RB angle on the VSP levels located in the hole intervals with inclination over 8°, whether the hole is cased or not. The present paper focuses on the principles of this orientation method, successfully tested on a couple of 3 component onshore VSP datasets made available by NIOC.