gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Abrupt Change in Channel Covariance Matrix for Multi-Antenna Communication (2021)

The knowledge of channel covariance matrices is of paramount importance to the estimation of instantaneous channels and the design of beamforming vectors in multi-antenna systems. In practice, an abrupt change in channel covariance matrices may occur due to the change in the environment and the user location. Although several works have proposed efficient algorithms to estimate the channel covariance matrices after any change occurs, how to detect such a change accurately and quickly is still an open problem in the literature. In this paper, we focus on channel covariance change detection between a multi-antenna base station (BS) and a single-antenna user equipment (UE). To provide theoretical performance limit, we first propose a genie-aided change detector based on the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) test assuming the channel covariance matrix after change is known, and characterize the corresponding missed detection and false alarm probabilities. Then, this paper considers the practical case where the channel covariance matrix after change is unknown. The maximum likelihood (ML) estimation technique is used to predict the covariance matrix based on the received pilot signals over a certain number of coherence blocks, building upon which the LLR-based change detector is employed. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme can detect the change with low error probability even when the number of channel samples is small such that the estimation of the covariance matrix is not that accurate. This result verifies the possibility to detect the channel covariance change both accurately and quickly in practice.
Near-Optimal Quantization for LoS MIMO with QPSK Modulation (2019)

As signaling bandwidths increase, analog-to-digital conversion becomes a fundamental bottleneck for modern all-digital baseband signal processing architectures. Motivated by emerging millimeter (mm) wave communication systems, we investigate the impact of severe quantization for 2 × 2 and 4×4 line-of-sight (LoS) multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems employing QPSK. Unlike prior work on MIMO with low-precision quantization, channel state information is utilized only at the receiver (i.e., transmit precoding is not employed). Rather than designing an optimal quantizer, we focus on quantizers with regular structure, and ask whether high-SNR performance approaches that of an unquantized system. First, we prove for a 2×2 MIMO system that phase-only quantization (attractive because it does not require automatic gain control) is unable to achieve this, but that 2-level amplitude and 8-level phase quantization can achieve the maximum data rate of 4 bits per channel use as SNR gets large. We then show that quantizer design based on conventional minimum mean squared quantization error (MMSQE) criterion performs worse than a quantizer based on equal-probability regions. We show that I/Q quantization with 16 regions per antenna using the equal probability criterion achieves the unquantized benchmark at high SNR, which is a maximum data rate of 8 bits per channel use. We illustrate our investigations via numerical examples.
Comparison of Wild Type DNA Sequence of Spike Protein from SARS-CoV-2 with Optimized Sequence on The Induction of Protective Responses Against SARS-Cov-2 Challenge in Mouse Model (2021)

ABSTRACT COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading worldwide. To date, several vaccine candidates moved into EUA or CA applications. Although DNA vaccine is on phase III clinical trial, it is a promised technology platform with many advantages. Here, we showed that the pGX9501 DNA vaccine encoded the spike full-length protein-induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice with higher neutralizing antibodies, blocking the hACE2-RBD binding against live virus infection in vitro. Importantly, higher levels of IFN-γ expression in CD8+ and CD4+ T cell and specific cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) killings effect were also observed in the pGX9501-immunized group. It provided subsequent protection against virus challenges in the hACE2 transgenic mouse model. Overall, pGX9501 was a promising DNA vaccine candidate against COVID-19, inducing strong humoral immunity and cellular immunity that contributed to the vaccine’s protective effects.
Effects of a renin inhibitor, SR 43845, and of captopril on blood pressure and plasma active renin in conscious sodium-replete macaca (1989)

The effects of the renin inhibitor, SR 43845 (IC50 = 10(-11) mol/l human and primate plasma renin) and of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril on blood pressure and plasma active renin were investigated in conscious, chronically instrumented, sodium-replete macaca (cynomolgus monkeys). Perfusion of SR 43845 at 0.33, 3.3, 33, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg per min for 30 min elicited a dose-related decrease in blood pressure with a notable effect on plasma renin activity (PRA; 90% inhibition), beginning at a dose of 0.33 micrograms/kg per min. The maximal reduction in blood pressure of 22 +/- 2 mmHg (from 110 +/- 5 mmHg) was achieved at 100 micrograms/kg per min and a higher dose (200 micrograms/kg per min) induced no further reduction. Plasma levels of active renin were also significantly increased (to 104%, from 102 +/- 14 pg/ml) at the lower dose. Captopril, tested at 33 micrograms/kg per min under the same experimental conditions, lowered blood pressure in a similar manner and with the same intensity as the renin inhibitor at an equal dose (by 14 +/- 1 mmHg, from 114 +/- 4 mmHg). However, a dose six times as high only influenced the decrease of blood pressure slightly (by 16 +/- 2 mmHg, from 103 +/- 5 mmHg). For the same hypotensive effect, the plasma renin concentration was significantly higher with the renin than with the ACE inhibitor. The recovery of pre-infusion blood pressure was both time- and dose-dependent, the basal value being almost restored after 5 h with both inhibitors, although the initial plasma renin levels were not completely recovered. A comparison of the maximal hypotensive effects and the plasma active renin concentrations elicited by the renin and the ACE inhibitors suggests that there are no major differences between the two types of inhibition and that renin inhibition is slightly more efficient.
"Cross-talk" among a multiplicity of pro-inflammatory agents: main cause of tissue damage in pulmonary inflammation? (1999)

I was very interested by the letter of Z.T. Selc uk and colleagues.Their papers on environmental exposure to erionite initiated by Y.I.Baris are universally known.I completely agree with their observations.With regard to tremolite exposure, we have found a very similar situation in Corsica [1].We all agree that thoracoscopy is better than fluid cytology and represents the gold standard for diagnosis and initial prognosis of mesothelioma.
260 Ignition delay and emission characteristics under low revolution of DI Diesel Engine (2010)

特 性 lgnition deTay and
In Reply (2012)

We appreciate the interest in our work. This letter primarily focuses on the important issue of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), which was the focus of a separate paper.1 The present article offers a preplanned subanalysis to measure the rate of complications from intravenous (IV) contrast that would manifest during the time of care in the emergency department (ED).2 We also appreciate the limitation in the use of serum creatinine (sCr) as a marker of acute kidney injury (AKI), but we point out that using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGRF), an arithmetic formula that includes sCr, age, race, and sex, provided no improvement in prognostic accuracy for the outcome of CIN over the sCr alone.1 Despite its limitations, measured sCr remains the mainstay in estimating glomerular filtrate rate, particularly in the ED setting where methods to directly measure GFR, such as urinary creatinine or inulin elimination over 24 or more hours, are impractical at best. The diagnostic accuracy of other biomarkers for AKI remains uncertain and is the subject of a large body of ongoing clinical investigation. The most well-accepted, literature-based, contemporary definition of CIN is an interval rise in measured sCr of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% of baseline observed following exposure to intravascular iodinated contrast media. We also agree that hydration remains key to preventing CIN, although much remains to be learned to define an optimal amount, rate, and route of administration. As shown in Figure 1, CIN tended to be uncommon in patients who received more than 2,000 mL of IV crystalloid while in the ED, recognizing that this figure does not reveal other predictors of CIN. Expert published guidelines clearly indicate hydration as the mainstay of prevention with the caveat that optimum timing, route, and duration of hydration are unknown, resulting in necessarily vague recommendations such as “… beginning [hydration] earlier and continuing longer is probably better.”3 Data guiding hydration strategies in the outpatient or acute care settings are also limited. Two small trials (<70 patients) demonstrated that bolus IV saline (approximately 300 mL) given immediately prior to cardiac catheterization, followed by 12 hours of a saline infusion, was inferior to a 24-hour infusion.4,5 The only trial involving oral hydration did conclude that 300 mL of bolus IV saline in combination with oral hydration (1000 mL) prior to catheterization, followed by a 6-hour saline infusion, was equivalent to a 24-hour infusion. However, this trial was very small (36 patients) and still does not account for the limited time available for hydration in the outpatient or acute care settings.4 Notably, no clinical trial of hydration to prevent CIN has been conducted in the ED setting or in populations receiving bolus IV contrast for CT imaging. Volume of IV crystalloid administered during the index ED visit versus weight. Cases of CIN are shown in black. CIN = contrast-induced nephropathy. In summary, this letter underscores the need for more research into markers of CIN and to understand the role of hydration in the prevention of CIN.
Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reaction “on Water” Promoted by Chiral Organic Catalysts. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SON Function Coordination in Campus Networks Using Machine Learning (2022)

With the advent of 5G, network lifecycle operations such as service initial deployment, configuration changes, upgrades, optimization, and self-healing to name a few, should be fully automated processes to reduce capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX), and also to allow new players such as industry owners, to come into the scene as nontraditional network operators. To this end, self-organized networks functions (SF) have been proposed as a first attempt to provide self-adaptation capabilities to mobile networks on different fronts and to reduce the error-prone human intervention. Nevertheless, deploying multiple optimization functions in a network brings demanding challenges in terms of conflicting objectives in coordination. Automatically coordinating all those functions is paramount for industry owners in campus networks (CN) since they often do not have a deep expertise to carry out network optimization in an agile manner. Typically, each SF aim at individual goals modifying coupled network parameters, generally in dissonant directions with respect to other SF, jeopardizing the global stability of the system. This work presents an explicit formulation of the joint optimization problem when load balancing optimization (LBO) and coverage and capacity optimization (CCO) are instantiated in a CN.
The soluble pattern recognition receptor PTX3 links humoral innate and adaptive immune responses by helping marginal zone B cells (2016)

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a fluid-phase pattern recognition receptor of the humoral innate immune system with ancestral antibody-like properties but unknown antibody-inducing function. In this study, we found binding of PTX3 to splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells, an innate-like subset of antibody-producing lymphocytes strategically positioned at the interface between the circulation and the adaptive immune system. PTX3 was released by a subset of neutrophils that surrounded the splenic MZ and expressed an immune activation-related gene signature distinct from that of circulating neutrophils. Binding of PTX3 promoted homeostatic production of IgM and class-switched IgG antibodies to microbial capsular polysaccharides, which decreased in PTX3-deficient mice and humans. In addition, PTX3 increased IgM and IgG production after infection with blood-borne encapsulated bacteria or immunization with bacterial carbohydrates. This immunogenic effect stemmed from the activation of MZ B cells through a neutrophil-regulated pathway that elicited class switching and plasmablast expansion via a combination of T cell-independent and T cell-dependent signals. Thus, PTX3 may bridge the humoral arms of the innate and adaptive immune systems by serving as an endogenous adjuvant for MZ B cells. This property could be harnessed to develop more effective vaccines against encapsulated pathogens.
Thermally induced dephasing in periodically poled KTiOPO4 nonlinear crystals (2004)

Experimental data that exhibits a continuous-wave, second-harmonic intensity threshold (15 kW/cm2) that causes two-photon nonlinear absorption which leads to time-dependent photochromic damage in periodically poled KTiOPO4 is presented and verified through a thermal dephasing model.
Combination of the mTOR Inhibitor Ridaforolimus and the Anti-IGF1R Monoclonal Antibody Dalotuzumab: Preclinical Characterization and Phase I Clinical Trial (2014)

Our study provides proof-of-concept that inhibiting the IGF1R compensatory response to mTOR inhibition is feasible with promising clinical activity in heavily pretreated advanced cancer, particularly in ER(+)/high-proliferative breast cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00730379).
Study of the D^0 \\to pi^-pi^+pi^-pi^+ decay (2007)

Using data from the FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab, we present new measurements for the Cabibbo-suppressed decay mode $D^0 \\to \\pi^-\\pi^+\\pi^-\\pi^+$. We measure the branching ratio $\\Gamma(D^0 \\to\\pi^+\\pi^- \\pi^+\\pi^-)/\\Gamma(D^0 \\to K^-\\pi^+\\pi^-\\pi^+) = 0.0914 \\pm 0.0018 \\pm 0.0022$. An amplitude analysis has been performed, a first for this channel, in order to determine the resonant substructure of this decay mode. The dominant component is the decay $D^0 \\to a_1(1260)^+ \\pi^-$, accounting for 60% of the decay rate. The second most dominant contribution comes from the decay $D^0 \\to \\rho(770)^0\\rho(770)^0$, with a fraction of 25%. We also study the $a_1(1260)$ line shape and resonant substructure. Using the helicity formalism for the angular distribution of the decay $D^0 \\to \\rho(770)^0\\rho(770)^0$, we measure a longitudinal polarization of $P_L = (71 \\pm 4\\pm 2)$%.
Human guidance programming on a 6-DoF robot with collision avoidance (2016)

In the application of physical human-robot interaction (pHRI), the collaboration between human and robot can significantly improve the production efficiency through combination of the human's flexible intelligence and the robot's consistent performance. In this application, however, it is an important concern to ensure the safety of the human and the robot. In the human guidance programming scenario, the operator plans a collision-free path for the robot end-effector, but the robot body might collide with an obstacle while being guided by the operator. In this paper, a novel on-line velocity based collision avoidance algorithm is developed to solve the problem in this particular scenario. The proposed algorithm gives an explicit solution to deal with both collision avoidance and human guidance command at the same time, which provides the operator a better and safer lead through programming experience. The real-time experiment is performed on FANUC LR Mate 200 iD/7L in three different obstacle scenarios.
Multi-site, neurotransmitter-based, retinal interface (2003)

Nearly all retinal prosthetics have focused on electrical stimulation of the nervous system. We are developing a novel prosthetic interface for the retina based on neurotransmitter delivery. In the past, we have demonstrated the ability to stimulate individual rat pheochromacytoma cells (PC12 cell line) using microfluidic delivery through micron-sized apertures. This delivery was highly reproducible, very controllable, and quantifiable. But this early stage device was limited to a single stimulation site and crude microfluidics. Here, we present the next stage in microfluidic retinal prosthetics with a multi-stimulation site device that incorporates more advanced control over the microfluidic delivery. We created an array of apertures in a thin silicon nitride membrane, to which we can deliver neurotransmitters in an addressable manner. Excitable cells (PC12) are seeded on the device and imaged using Ca2+-sensitive dyes with a confocal microscope. We can then excite the cells at an array of multiple precise locations near the apertures, demonstrating the next step in neurotransmitter-based retinal prosthetics.
Data for "Reliably assessing the electronic structure of cytochrome P450 on today's classical computers and tomorrow's quantum computers" (2022)

Data for "Reliably assessing the electronic structure of cytochrome P450 on today’s classical computers and<br> tomorrow’s quantum computers"
Targeted Inhibition of Snail Activity in Breast Cancer Cells by Using a CoIII‐Ebox Conjugate (2015)

The transition from a non-invasive to an invasive phenotype is an essential step in tumor metastasis. The Snail family of transcription factors (TFs) is known to play a significant role in this transition. These TFs are zinc fingers that bind to the CAGGTG Ebox consensus sequence. Co(III) -Ebox is a cobalt(III) complex attached to an Ebox oligonucleotide that confers specificity towards Snail TFs. Co(III) -Ebox has been shown to inhibit Snail-mediated embryonic neural crest development in Xenopus laevis, but its efficacy in inhibiting Snail-induced cancer cell invasiveness has not been explored. Here, we describe the efficacy of Co(III) -Ebox in inhibiting the invasive aspects of heregulin-β1(HRG)-treated breast cancer cells. Co(III) -Ebox was found to inhibit the capacity of Snail to repress target genes after HRG induction. Snail inhibition by Co(III) -Ebox reduced the invasive propensity of cells in 2D and 3D, thereby demonstrating promise in inhibiting metastasis.
Effects of Atmospheric Composition on the Molecular Structure of Synthesized Silicon Oxycarbides (2015)

The dependence of silicon oxycarbides' chemical composition and molecular structure on their reaction conditions was tested by varying the atmosphere under which pyrolysis was performed. To obtain the silicon oxycarbides, densely cross‐linked silicone resin particles with an averaged diameter of 2 μm were pyrolyzed in various atmospheres of H 2 , Ar, and CO 2 , in the temperature range 700°C–1100°C. The residual mass of resin after pyrolysis was almost constant at 700°C, although their apparent colors varied distinctly. The sample obtained from the H 2 atmosphere was white, whereas that obtained from the CO 2 atmosphere was dark brown. Fourier‐transform infrared ( FT ‐ IR ) spectra of the residues suggested that the Si–O–Si network evolution was accelerated in the CO 2 atmosphere. Beyond 800°C, the chemical compositions of the compounds obtained from a H 2 atmosphere increasingly approached near‐stoichiometric SiO 2 – x SiC composition with increasing the pyrolysis temperature. Compounds from a CO 2 atmosphere approached a composition of SiO 2 – x C with no free SiC as the pyrolysis temperature increased. In the products from an Ar atmosphere, SiO 2 – x SiC– yC compositions were typically obtained. The observed effects of the pyrolysis atmosphere on the resulting chemical compositions were analyzed in terms of thermodynamic calculations. Electron spin resonance ( ESR ) spectra revealed broad and intense signals from products obtained from either Ar or CO 2 . Estimating from the signal intensity, the residual spin concentrations were in the range 10 18 –10 19 g −1 . Meanwhile, the spectra from the samples obtained in H 2 showed weak and sharp signals with estimated spin concentrations ranging from 10 16 –10 17 g −1 . This signal attenuation may have been due to the hydrogen capping of dangling bond formed during pyrolysis.
A Fast, Comprehensive Shot Boundary Determination System (2007)

The proposed shot boundary determination (SBD) algorithm contains a set of finite state machine (FSM) based detectors for pure cut, fast dissolve, fade in, fade out, dissolve, and wipe. Support vector machines (SVM) are applied to the cut and dissolve detectors to further boost performance. Our SBD system was highly effective when evaluated in TRECVID 2006 (TREC video retrieval evaluation) and its performance was ranked highest overall.
Including diverse and admixed populations in genetic epidemiology research (2022)

The inclusion of ancestrally diverse participants in genetic studies can lead to new discoveries and is important to ensure equitable health care benefit from research advances. Here, members of the Ethical, Legal, Social, Implications (ELSI) committee of the International Genetic Epidemiology Society (IGES) offer perspectives on methods and analysis tools for the conduct of inclusive genetic epidemiology research, with a focus on admixed and ancestrally diverse populations in support of reproducible research practices. We emphasize the importance of distinguishing socially defined population categorizations from genetic ancestry in the design, analysis, reporting, and interpretation of genetic epidemiology research findings. Finally, we discuss the current state of genomic resources used in genetic association studies, functional interpretation, and clinical and public health translation of genomic findings with respect to diverse populations.
1.5-&#x03BC;m-radius high-Q silicon microring resonators (2008)

We show cascaded silicon microring resonators with 1.5-mum radius critically coupled to a narrower waveguide. A coupled Q of 9,000 is achieved. Devices are fabricated with the widely-available SEM-based lithography system using a stitching-free design.
Conjugation Chemistry-Dependent T-Cell Activation with Spherical Nucleic Acids (2018)

Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) can be potent sequence-specific stimulators of antigen presenting cells (APCs). When loaded with peptide antigens, they can be used to activate the immune system to train T-cells to specifically kill cancer cells. Herein, the role of peptide chemical conjugation to the DNA, which is used to load SNAs with antigens via hybridization, is explored in the context of APC activation. Importantly, though the antigen chemistry does not impede TLR-9 regulated APC activation, it significantly augments the downstream T-cell response in terms of both activation and proliferation. A comparison of three linker types, (1) noncleavable, (2) cleavable but nontraceless, and (3) traceless, reveals up to an 8-fold improvement in T-cell proliferation when the traceless linker is used. This work underscores the critical importance of the choice of conjugation chemistry in vaccine development.