gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vanillin as low-temperature isocyanate-blocking agent and its use in one-component aqueous coatings (2022)

Abstract Mainly because of the high sensitivity of the isocyanate group to atmospheric moisture, it is blocked with a blocking agent for many applications and thus kept as inert as possible at room temperature (Zhang et al. in Langmuir ACS J Surf Colloids 37:12705, 2021, Meier-Westhues in Polyurethane: Lacke, Kleb-und Dichtstoffe, Vincentz Network, Hannover, p 36, 2007). When exposed to temperature, the protective group unblocks, and the isocyanate group reacts with the reactant that was previously present together with the blocked isocyanate (Meier-Westhues in Polyurethane: Lacke, Kleb- und Dichtstoffe, Vincentz Network, Hannover, p 36, 2007, Goldschmidt and Streitberger in BASF handbook on basics of coating technology, Vincentz Network, Hannover, pp 96–99, 2007). Many of the substances which are used today as blocking agents have toxicological concerns or unblock at high temperatures, which limits their application areas (Guillem Parra et al. in Blocked isocyanate polyurethane compositions using a new blocking agent, method of manufacture and uses thereof: European patent application, 2019, https://data.epo.org/publication-server/document?iDocId=6506253&amp;iFormat=0 ). In this work, vanillin is presented as an effective deblocking agent at low temperatures and is compared with similar structures. The process of deblocking from an hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI-trimer) is followed by means of IR-spectroscopic measurements at different temperatures and thermogravimetric analysis. Temperature-dependent oscillation measurements using a rheometer are suitable for measuring onset temperatures and for qualitatively tracking the unblocking process. The combination of the results is used to draw conclusions about the existing deblocking mechanism. The comparatively low deblocking temperature of vanillin enables the formulation of an HDI-trimer modified with sulfonate groups and blocked with vanillin, which is dispersed in the aqueous phase and then reacted with OH-functional binders. Deblocking and subsequent reaction with the binder are followed by means of IR spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties of the coating films are examined. Vanillin is therefore suitable as a toxicologically harmless blocking agent for isocyanates and enables the production of crosslinkers for one-component water-based coatings (Arya et al. Adv Tradit Med (ADTM) 21:1, 2021).
Localised polymer networks in chiral nematic liquid crystals for high speed photonic switching (2016)

Self-assembled periodic structures based upon chiral liquid crystalline materials have significant potential in the field of photonics ranging from fast-switching optoelectronic devices to low-threshold lasers. The flexoelectro-optic effect, which is observed in chiral nematic liquid crystals (LCs) when an electric field is applied perpendicular to the helical axis, has significant potential as it exhibits analogue switching in 10–100 μs. However, the major technological barrier that prohibits the commercial realisation of this electro-optic effect is the requirement of a uniform, in-plane alignment of the helix axis between glass substrates. Here, it is shown that periodic polymer structures engineered in the nematic phase of a chiral nematic LC device using direct laser writing can result in the spontaneous formation of the necessary uniform lying helix (ULH) state. Specifically, two-photon polymerization is used in conjunction with a spatial light modulator so as to correct for aberrations introduced by the bounding glass substrates enabling the polymer structures to be fabricated directly into the device. The ULH state appears to be stable in the absence of an externally applied electric field, and the optimum contrast between the bright and dark states is obtained using polymer structures that have periodicities of the order of the device thickness.
Two-dimensional Inside-out Eaton Lens: Wave Properties and Design (2011)

Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
High efficiency incandescent lighting (2023)

Incandescent lighting structure. The structure includes a thermal emitter that can, but does not have to, include a first photonic crystal on its surface to tailor thermal emission coupled to, in a high-view-factor geometry, a second photonic filter selected to reflect infrared radiation back to the emitter while passing visible light. This structure is highly efficient as compared to standard incandescent light bulbs.
Improvement of Electron Velocity in GaN HEMTs by Electric Field Engineering (2007)

Electron velocity influences both the intrinsic delay and drain delay of gallium nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). Although the peak electron velocity in AlGaN/GaN structures is 2.5×107cm/s, the electron velocity decreases very fast due to polar optical phonon scattering for electric fields in excess of 150kV/cm [1]. As seen in Figure 1a, in standard GaN HEMT devices, the average electric field under the gate along the channel direction far exceeds the optimal value for peak electron velocity. This high electric field results in an average electron velocity of 1.5×107cm/s, significantly lower than the peak velocity. In this project, we propose a new GaN HEMT structure with a recessed drain access region to reduce the electric field in the drain of these transistors. We have used Silvaco/Atlas to simulate these new devices. Figure 2 shows the structure of a conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMT and the novel HEMT device proposed in this work. In the recessed devices, the carrier concentration underneath the recess region is lower than elsewhere, which redistributes the electric field in the channel. Figure 1 shows the electric field along the channel in two structures of Figure 2. Due to the lower electric field peak in the novel structure, the average electron velocity is boosted by 50%. On the other hand, in our simulations we have not observed any increase in the effective gate length due to the drain recess. This fact in combination with the enhanced electron velocity makes this new structure extremely promising for millimeterand submillimeter-wave applications.
Superelectrophilic Tscherniac Amidomethylation of Aromatics withN-Hydroxymethylphthalimide in Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid (1993)

N-Hydroxymethylphthalimide in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid) reacts readily at room temperature with benzene, halo-, polyhalo- and halonitrobenzenes to give high yields of the corresponding α-amidomethylated products. The scope of the α-amidomethylation reaction is substantially extended by the studied system, which is considered to involve diprotonated N-hydroxymethylphthalimide as the de facto superelectrophilic reagent.
Comparison of the Intensity Profile with the Acrylic Burn Pattern on High Power CO<SUB>2</SUB> Laser Beam (1985)

The accuracy of the acrylic burn pattern method, widely used for observing a beam intensity profile of high power CO2 laser, has been studied by comparing the burn patterns with corresponding beam intensity profiles measured by the computer controlled pinhole scan method. It is found that the shape of burn pattern is determined by beam irradiation time, beam intensity and beam size, owing to the differences in reflectivity at various incident angles and in threshold energy for evaporation of acrylic piastics. Thcs, it is considered that the acrylic burn pattern method is not reliable and that a more accurate method, such as the pinhole scanning method, must be used for studying precise beam qualities.
Diameter-bandwidth product limitation of isolated-object cloaking (2012)

We show that cloaking of isolated objects using transformation-based cloaks is subject to a diameter-bandwidth product limitation: as the size of the object increases, the bandwidth of good (small-cross-section) cloaking decreases inversely with the diameter, as a consequence of causality constraints even for perfect fabrication and materials with negligible absorption. This generalizes a previous result that perfect cloaking of isolated objects over a nonzero bandwidth violates causality. Furthermore, we demonstrate broader causality-based scaling limitations on any bandwidth-averaged cloaking cross section, using complex analysis and the optical theorem to transform the frequency-averaged problem into a single-scattering problem with transformed materials.
0.5-V 25-nm 6-T Cell with Boosted Word Voltage for 1-Gb SRAMs (2012)

It is shown that it is feasible to apply 0.5-V 6-T SRAM cells in a 25-nm high-speed 1-Gb e-SRAM. In particular, for coping with rapidly reduced voltage margin as VDD is reduced, a boosted word-voltage scheme is first proposed. Second, Vt variations are reduced with repair techniques and nanoscale FD-MOSFETs to further widen the voltage margin. Third, a worst case design is developed, for the first time, to evaluate the cell. This design features a dynamic margin analysis and takes subthreshold current, temperature, and Vt variations and their combination in the cell into account. Fourth, the proposed scheme is evaluated by applying the worst-case design and a 25-nm planar FD-SOI MOSFET. It is consequently found that the scheme provides a wide margin and high speed even at 0.5V. A 0.5-V high-speed 25-nm 1-Gb SRAM is thus feasible. Finally, to further improve the scheme, it is shown that it is necessary to use FinFETs and suppress and compensate process, voltage, and temperature variations in a chip and wafer.
Development and Structural Design Guideline for Medium/High-Rise RC Wall-Frame Structures with Flat-Beams (2004)

This manuscript reports about the medium/high-rise RC wall-frame structures (hereinafter called FB) , which have been developed by a joint research Building Research Institute and Urban Development Corporation (hereinafter called UDC). The main use of the FB is for apartment houses. The FB is construction of a reinforced concrete building composed of two frames, where the longitudinal-direction is provided with Wall-columns and Flat-beams. As a matter of fact the FB has been developed for the purpose of realization in “Comfort” and “Free dwelling unit plan”. In the course of the FB, structural performance of the joint section with Wall-columns and Flat-beams was grasped, as well as structural experiment and analyses were conducted centering on the creating high-rise of the FB. The results of the study have been summarized in “Structural Design Guideline for Medium/High-rise RC Wall-Frame Structures (hereinafter called FB-Guideline). According to the FB-Guideline, concrete structural designing and seismic designing methods are being described, as well as structural and bar arrangement specifications reflecting upon the results of study have been summarized. In fact, the FB has been thus materialized, and actually the UDC is able to engage in designing and construction works.
Il pettegolezzo. Curiosità Immagine Coesione sociale (2008)

Everyone will have to hear gossip about adulteries, alleged homosexuality, unmistakable defects, and other kind of hilarious news. In this work we will deal with gossip: a daily practice that can be found in every culture, close to us or far away in time and space. But what is gossip? What functions does this communicative mechanism have, only apparently easily identifiable?
Discovery of Cofactor Competitive Inhibitors against the Human Methyltransferase Fibrillarin (2021)

Fibrillarin (FBL) is an essential and evolutionarily highly conserved S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferase. It is the catalytic component of a multiprotein complex that facilitates 2'-<i>O</i>-methylation of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), a modification essential for accurate and efficient protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It was recently established that human FBL (hFBL) is critical for Nipah, Hendra, and respiratory syncytial virus infections. In addition, overexpression of hFBL contributes towards tumorgenesis and is associated with poor survival in patients with breast cancer, suggesting that hFBL is a potential target for the development of both antiviral and anticancer drugs. An attractive strategy to target cofactor-dependent enzymes is the selective inhibition of cofactor binding, which has been successful for the development of inhibitors against several protein methyltransferases including PRMT5, DOT1L, and EZH2. In this work, we solved crystal structures of the methyltransferase domain of hFBL in apo form and in complex with the cofactor SAM. Screening of a fluorinated fragment library, via X-ray crystallography and 19F NMR spectroscopy, yielded seven hit compounds that competed with cofactor binding, two of which resulted in co-crystal structures. One of these structures revealed unexpected conformational variability in the cofactor binding site, which allows it to accommodate a compound significantly different from SAM. Our structural data provide critical information for the design of selective cofactor competitive inhibitors targeting hFBL, and preliminary elaboration of hit compounds has led to additional cofactor site binders.
Kerf-less removal of Si, Ge and III-V layers by controlled spalling to enable low-cost PV technologies (2011)

Kerf-less removal of surface layers of photovoltaic materials including silicon, germanium, and III-Vs is demonstrated by controlled spalling technology. The method is extremely simple, versatile, and applicable to a wide range of substrates. Controlled spalling technology requires a stressor layer, such as Ni to be deposited on the surface of a brittle material and the controlled removal of a continuous surface layer could be performed at a predetermined depth by manipulating the thickness and stress of the Ni layer. Because the entire process is at room-temperature, this technique can be applied to kerf-free ingot dicing, removal of pre-formed p/n junctions or epitaxial layers, or even completed devices. We successfully demonstrate kerf-free ingot dicing, as well as the removal of III-V single junction epitaxial layers from a Ge substrate. Solar cells formed on the spalled and transferred single-junction layers showed similar characteristics to non-spalled (bulk) cells indicating that the quality of the epitaxial layers is not compromised as a result of spalling.
Phase I dose-escalation study of fractionated-dose 177Lu-PSMA-617 for progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2017)

TPS5093 Background: PC is a radiosensitive disease. PSMA is selectively overexpressed in advanced PC with upregulation by androgen receptor (AR) pathway dysregulation; limited expression exists in other organs. A series of sequential studies of radiolabeled anti-PSMA antibody J591 revealed 1) targeting and safety [Bander 2003]; 2) safety and prelim efficacy [Milowsky 2004, Bander 2005]; 3) efficacy and initial dose-response [Tagawa 2013]; 4) dose-fractionation allows higher doses, ability to combine with docetaxel, confirmation of dose-response (PSA and overall survival) [ASCO 2010, 2014, 2016]; 5) predictable, reversible myelosuppression is dose-limiting [Tagawa 2013]. Small molecule PSMA inhibitor ligands can be successfully radiolabeled and are widely used for imaging and treatment in Europe. 177 Lu-PSMA-617 is the most commonly used, but experience is mostly anecdotal/retrospective and no formal dose-escalation studies have been performed. Methods: Men with progressive mCRPC following at least 1 potent AR-targeted agent (e.g. abi/enza) and docetaxel (or unfit/refuse chemo) without limit of # prior therapies provided adequate organ function will undergo imaging with 68 Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT followed by escalating fractionated doses of 177 Lu-PSMA-617. Cohort 1 = 3.7 GBq x2 two weeks apart up to 11.1 GBq x2 in a 3+3 dose-escalation study. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) is defined as attributable grade 4 heme toxicity or grade 3/4 non-heme toxicity. Planned cohort expansion will occur at recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) in a 2-stage design. The primary endpoint is determination of DLT and RP2D. Secondary endpoints include toxicity, PSA decline rate, RECIST response, PFS, rPFS, OS. Correlatives include baseline/follow up PSMA imaging, whole body distribution of 177 Lu-PSMA-617, CTC count (CellSearch) changes, tissue and circulating genomic assessment of DNA repair pathways, patient reported outcomes (FACT-P and BPI-SF). Clinical trial information: NCT03042468.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Ciliatamides A—C: Stereochemical Revision and the Natural Product‐Guided Synthesis of Unnatural Analogues. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonintrusive PID auto-tuning using dynamic modeling technology (2002)

Dynamic modeling technology uses a model based predictive and adaptive algorithm for continuous process control. The technology was developed two years ago and is available in at least one commercially available product. This product has been used successfully on several difficult industrial control applications. This paper covers an application of the dynamic modeling technology (DMT) algorithm for tuning proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controllers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and reactions of monomeric hydrazine and hydrazido complexes that contain the Cp*MoMe3 core (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactions of monomeric hydrazine and hydrazido complexes that contain the Cp*MoMe3 coreMichael G. Vale and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 12, 2767–2772Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00064a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00064a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Staining of Amyloid Beta (Abeta) Using (Immuno) Histochemical Techniques and Abeta42 Specific Peptides (2011)

Two lines of APP and PS1 single and double transgenic mice (AP/PS) were used in the present study. The first line of mice was generated from matings between APPswe and www.intechopen.
Supplementary Figures 1-8 from Identification of PP2A Complexes and Pathways Involved in Cell Transformation (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-8 from Identification of PP2A Complexes and Pathways Involved in Cell Transformation
<title>CRT electron-optical system</title> (1995)

CRT is the most successful electron optical system, commercially. Over a hundred million systems are produced each year, and distributed to the whole world as television sets or personal computers. Therefore, the system has to be extremely cost and power effective, and ergonomics is the important issue at its design. Also, CRT has to be bright enough to be watched in the luminous living or office room. Therefore, electron beam current and anode voltage (CRT screen voltage) are as high as 0.5 to 7 mA and 20 to 33 kV, respectively. These unique restrictions cause unique electron lens design such as in-line rotationally asymmetrical lens or dynamic quadrupole lens and deflection yoke design such as self converging deflection yoke which produces barrel shaped vertical and pin-cushion shaped horizontal magnetic fields. In this paper the recent technical advancement and future trends of the CRT electron optical system will be discussed. The discussion will be restricted only to the picture tube, and other devices such as camera tube, oscilloscope tube will be excluded.
Secretion signal recognition by YscN, the Yersinia type III secretion ATPase (2006)

Yersinia type III machines secrete protein substrates across the bacterial envelope. Secretion signals of some substrates have been identified; however, the mechanisms whereby these signals interact with type III machines are not known. Here we show that fusion of YopR, an early secretion substrate, to the N terminus of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) or other tightly folded proteins generates impassable hybrids that cannot travel the type III pathway. YopR hybrids capture YscN, the ATPase that provides energy for type III transport reactions, in the bacterial cytoplasm. Eleven N-terminal residues function as the YopR secretion signal, which is required for both binding to YscN and blocking the type III pathway. When expressed during type III machine assembly, YopR-DHFR blocks all secretion. Delayed expression of YopR-DHFR, when yersiniae have already engaged the type III pathway, blocks secretion of early (YscP) but not of late (effector Yops) substrates. These observations support a model whereby type III machines are programmed to secrete a sequence of proteins that can be disrupted when an impassable early substrate interacts with the YscN ATPase and blocks the transport of late substrates.