gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in Immunoreactive FSH and Inhibin in Developing Chicken Embryos and the Effects of Estradiol and the Aromatase Inhibitor R767131 (1993)

The interrelationship between immunoreactive inhibin and FSH was measured in chicken embryos from Day 8 to Day 20 of the incubation period. Plasma inhibin was measured by a heterologous RIA and FSH by a recently developed homologous RIA. Male and female inhibin plasma concentrations demonstrated a similar time course: a sharp increase with a peak on Day 13 was followed by a drop towards Day 18, after which inhibin levels stabilized. In male embryos, a similar time course was observed for the FSH concentrations. In sharp contrast, the FSH concentrations in the female embryos remained low and unchanged throughout the incubation period. Accordingly, sex differences were large for FSH and rather small for inhibin, and were noted from Day 10 and Day 12 on, respectively. No obvious inverse relationship was observed between inhibin and FSH. In male embryos, estradiol administration resulted in a dose-related decrease in FSH, accompanied by a less pronounced decrease in inhibin. Treatment with an aromatase inhibitor (R76713) increased FSH in female embryos and inhibin in both sexes. Generally, the experimentally induced changes in FSH were accompanied by comparatively small changes in inhibin. In conclusion, these observations suggest 1) that estradiol is an important inhibitor of pituitary FSH secretion in the chicken embryo, 2) that inhibin is not likely to play a major role in the feedback regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, and 3) that an important fraction of the measured inhibin immunoactivity escapes the control of FSH. In view of the present data, the hypothesis is advanced that the gonads are not the major source of circulating immunoreactive inhibin in the chicken embryo.
Dual-rotation C-arm cone-beam computed tomography to increase low-contrast resolution (2016)

International audience
Accelerating Robotic Reinforcement Learning via Parameterized Action\n Primitives (2021)

Despite the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) for building\ngeneral-purpose robotic systems, training RL agents to solve robotics tasks\nstill remains challenging due to the difficulty of exploration in purely\ncontinuous action spaces. Addressing this problem is an active area of research\nwith the majority of focus on improving RL methods via better optimization or\nmore efficient exploration. An alternate but important component to consider\nimproving is the interface of the RL algorithm with the robot. In this work, we\nmanually specify a library of robot action primitives (RAPS), parameterized\nwith arguments that are learned by an RL policy. These parameterized primitives\nare expressive, simple to implement, enable efficient exploration and can be\ntransferred across robots, tasks and environments. We perform a thorough\nempirical study across challenging tasks in three distinct domains with image\ninput and a sparse terminal reward. We find that our simple change to the\naction interface substantially improves both the learning efficiency and task\nperformance irrespective of the underlying RL algorithm, significantly\noutperforming prior methods which learn skills from offline expert data. Code\nand videos at https://mihdalal.github.io/raps/\n
Surgical Technique: The Anterosuperior Approach for Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (2011)

The anterosuperior approach can be used in primary and revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty, as well as in acute humeral head fracture. Its main apparent advantages are simplicity, ease of axial humerus preparation, quality of frontal exposure of the glenoid, and due to subscapularis tendon preservation, a low risk of postoperative instability. Its drawbacks are risk of inaccurate glenoid positioning, axillary nerve palsy, and deltoid weakening.
Digital Rights Management in a Multimedia Environment (2002)

Digital rights management (DRM) is gaining importance as an enabling technology for electronic commerce in digital goods. The purpose of a DRM system is to allow owners of digital assets (movies, songs) to distribute them electronically in a controlled way. After a general introduction to the technology, this paper discusses the special properties of video content and their impact on DRM. Finally, the Windows Media Rights Manager, the DRM system used in Windows Media Technologies for audio and video content, is described.
Relapse After Early-Stage, Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma: Disease Characteristics and Outcomes With Conventional or High-Dose Chemotherapy (2020)

After contemporary treatment of ES-HL, relapse mostly occurred > 12 months after first diagnosis. Polychemotherapy regimens such as BEACOPP are frequently administered and may constitute a reasonable treatment option for selected patients with relapse after ES-HL.
Design and Modeling of a Flexible Contact-Mode Piezoresistive Detector for Time-Based Acceleration Sensing (2010)

This work reports on the design and modeling of a new flexible contact-mode 1-DOF piezoresistive contact-force and impacttime detector used for acceleration sensing in the time domain. The key advantages of the contact-mode detection mechanism are the use of simple readout circuitry, compactness, good linearity, scalability, and the potential to realize a higher precision accelerometer due to time-based measurement. Several detector designs are considered and based on their performance an I-shaped beam detector is chosen that meets the design criteria. The estimated mechanical and electrical parameters of I-shaped beam detector are presented.
Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Populations Containing CXCR4-Using Variants from Recently Infected Individuals (2009)

We screened 150 individuals from two recent seroconverter cohorts and found that six (4%) had CXCR4-using viruses. Clonal analysis of these six individuals, along with a seventh individual identified during clinical care as a recent seroconverter, revealed the presence of both X4- and dual-tropic variants in these recently infected adults. The ability of individual CXCR4-using variants to infect cells expressing CD4/CXCR4 or CD4/CCR5 varied dramatically. These data demonstrate that virus populations in some newly infected individuals can consist of either heterogeneous populations containing both CXCR4-using and CCR5-tropic viruses, or homogeneous populations containing only CXCR4-using viruses. The presence of CXCR4-using viruses at early stages of infection suggests that testing for viral tropism before using CCR5 antagonists may be important even in persons with known recent infection. The presence of CXCR4-using viruses in a subset of newly infected individuals could impact the efficacies of vaccine and microbicide strategies that target CCR5-tropic viruses.
Lanthanide doping in ZnS and SrS thin-film electroluminescent devices (1999)

The relative high field transport efficiency and short wavelength electroluminescence (EL) potential of the phosphors ZnS and SrS for alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) device flat-panel display applications are assessed via a comparison of the EL spectra of ZnS and SrS ACTFEL devices prepared in a very similar manner and doped with the same lanthanide luminescent impurities: Dy, Er, Ho, Tb, and Tm. For all of the lanthanide luminescent impurities studied, it is found that the the higher energy EL peaks are much more intense for SrS than for ZnS, even though the average phosphor field in SrS is smaller than in ZnS. These observations show SrS to be a superior high-field electron transport material compared to ZnS. All of the ZnS EL spectra show a dramatic cut off in their EL intensities at about 440–460 nm; this suggests that ZnS is not an appropriate phosphor for blue light emission since its electron distribution does not appear to be adequately heated to efficiently excite blue luminescent impurities.
Mid-IR Emission from the Nucleus of Centaurus A (2007)

We present high spatial resolution mid-IR images of the nuclear region of Centaurus A. Images were obtained at 8.8μm, N-band (10.5μm), and 18.3μm using the mid-IR instrument T-ReCS on Gemini South, a progenitor to CanariCam on the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC).
Nanoscopic lens modeling (2015)

Mathjax On | Off Abstract The important effects of the inertia of nanoparticles have been identified and verified by performing detailed calculations of electric-field-induced particle motion with electrosprayed nanoparticles. Accordingly, focusing can be controlled by changing the curvature of the electric field lines. Here we discuss some of the simulations carried out so far in order to understand the concept of the nanoscopic lens.
P092 Development and evaluation of i-Tracker Ustekinumab and i-Tracker Anti-ustekinumab kits: fast and innovative chemiluminescent assays for the monitoring of patients treated with ustekinumab (2021)

Abstract Background Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against IL12/23, is a drug widely used for the treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (Psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, etc.). Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is currently proposed to provide useful information to clinicians to improve the efficacy of the treatment. Theradiag has just developed the innovative i-Tracker ustekinumab and i-Tracker Anti-ustekinumab kits: fast quantification of ustekinumab and Anti-ustekinumab antibodies fully automated on the random access i-Track10 chemiluminescent analyzer. Methods Analytical performances were assessed using 2 types of serum samples: human serum spiked with ustekinumab or Anti-ustekinumab antibodies, and samples from Inflammatory Bowel Diseases patients treated with ustekinumab (n=32). For drug measurement, ustekinumab from serum sample was captured by anti-idiotypic antibody coupled magnetic microparticles and anti-ustekinumab polyclonal antibodies conjugated to acridinium ester were used for the detection of ustekinumab. For anti-drug antibodies measurement, Anti-ustekinumab antibodies were captured according to Ustekinumab coupled magnetic microparticles and detected with the use of ustekinumab conjugated to acridinium ester. Light emission was linked to the quantity of ustekinumab, or anti-ustekinumab antibodies presents in the sample. Results Ustekinumab measurement showed high accuracy (recovery was comprised between 98% and 120%). High precision weas reached for both assays (intra-precision CV were below 9.1% and 5.3% for ustekinumab and Anti-ustekinumab assays; inter-precision CV were below 4.6% and 10.6% for ustekinumab and Anti-ustekinumab assays) and no interference was seen with biologic agents (bilirubin, hemoglobin, lipids, biotin and rheumatoid factors). The dynamic ranges of the assays were 100ng/ml to 10 000ng/ml for ustekinumab quantification and 1 AU/ml to 250 AU/ml for anti-ustekinumab antibodies quantification. i-Tracker ustekinumab and i-Tracker anti-ustekinumab assays were compared to respective ELISA based LISA-TRACKER assays and showed excellent correlation (R² = 0.96, Slope = 0.93 for ustekinumab assay; Spearman’s coefficient correlation was 0.95 for Anti-ustekinumab assay). Conclusion i-Tracker kits are innovative assays which exhibit fast (time to results &amp;lt; 40min), accurate and reproducible results for the quantification of ustekinumab and Anti-ustekinumab antibodies. Excellent agreements were observed with respective LISA-TRACKER assays. i-Tracker kits are valuable tools for the monitoring of patients treated with ustekinumab.
Ruggedness evaluation of 56mm2, 180 A SiC DMOSFETs as a function of pulse repetition rate for high power applications (2014)

Modern power electronics systems try to maximize power density and efficiency. As such, the active switch is required to safely handle very stressful transient conditions. A 56 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 180 A, SiC DMOSFET manufactured by Cree Inc. is evaluated by electrically stressing the device in a RLC ring-down test system capable of producing peak current in excess of 600 A (>3X rated current) and di/dt's as high as 860 A/μs. The device was hard-switched 5,000 times at repetition rates of 1, 2, 5, and 10 Hz for a total of 20,000 switching events. The device characteristics were monitored every 1,000 shots on a high power curve tracer to determine device degradation. The devices showed no changes in blocking characteristics and minimal changes in on-state characteristics due to shifts in the threshold voltage after 20,000 hard switching events. The threshold voltage shifts over the test period are minimal with a +/- 93 mV deviation from the average of 4.39 V. With the stability of the threshold voltage, on-state characteristics, and blocking characteristics; this shows that this device would perform reliably within commercial applications that include stressful switching conditions.
Dicationic Diarylfurans as Anti-Pneumocystis carinii Agents (1995)

Seven dicationic 2,5-diarylfurans have been synthesized, and their interactions with poly(dA-dT) and the duplex oligomer d(CGCCAATTCGCG)2 were evaluated by Tm measurements. The inhibition of topoisomerase II isolated from Giardia lamblia, the inhibition of growth of G. lamblia in cell culture by these furans, and the effectiveness of these compounds against Pneumocystis carinii in the immunosuppressed rat model have been assessed. Strong binding affinities to poly(dA-dT) and to the oligomer were observed for the dicationic furans, and the interaction strength is directly correlated to the biological activity of the compounds. An X-ray structure for the complex of the dicationic amidine derivative, 2,5-bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan (1), with the oligomer demonstrates the snug fit of these compounds with the AATT minor-groove binding site and hydrogen bonds to AT base pairs at the floor of the minor groove. The stronger DNA binding molecules are the most effective inhibitors of topoisomerase II and G. lamblia in cell culture, and there is a correlation for both DNA interaction and topoisomerase II inhibition with the biological activity of these compounds against G. lamblia. Compound 1 is the most effective against P. carinii, it is more active and less toxic than pentamidine on intravenous administration and it is also effective by oral dosage. The results presented here suggest a model for the biological action of these compounds in which the dication first binds in the minor groove of DNA and forms a complex that results in the inhibition of the microbial topoisomerase II enzyme.
Phenomenological 0-Dimensional Combustion Model for Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine Equipped with Pre-Chamber (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is widely used as a useful design tool because of its efficiency in engine development. In contrast, the computational time in 3D CFD with chemical reaction calculations is much longer than the 0D/1D CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools. Computational time reduction in engine combustion tools is necessary for more efficient engine development. The objective in this research is to develop a phenomenological 0D combustion model for a spark ignition engine. We especially focused on a spark ignition pre-chamber-type gas engine which has a spark plug in the pre-chamber. The combustion process in a pre-chambertype gas engine is complicated and difficult to be modeled. Therefore, in the presented work, the combustion process and heat release rate is analyzed in detail. The proposed methodology consists of three major processes. Firstly, turbulence in the pre-chamber is generated by compressed gas flow from the main chamber during the compression stroke. Secondly, the heat release rate generated by a torch jet which flows from the pre-chamber into the main chamber is modeled using gas jet theory. It describes gas entrainment flow around the nozzle. Thirdly, the heat release rate generated by flame propagation in the pre- and main chambers is modeled using the turbulent flame speed and flame surface area. Finally, the model is validated with available experimental data and good agreements with the measured heat release rate, and the cylinder pressure history was obtained. The calculation between intake valve closing timing and exhaust valve opening timing was finished in a few seconds. Our model greatly reduced the computational time compared to the 3D CFD combustion model.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photo-triggered cargo release from liposome chlorin e6-bearing pullulan hybrid nanoparticles via membrane permeabilization (2021)

A liposome chlorin e6-bearing pullulan nanogel hybrid was prepared as a light-triggered payload release platform. The current system enabled manipulation of the release profile of model drugs encapsulated by liposomes. Gelatin hydrogels that comprised hybrid nanoparticles could successfully control the delivery of cargo molecules to human mesenchymal stem cells with light stimuli without injury to the cells.
High-Temperature Performance of 1200 V, 200 A 4H-SiC Power DMOSFETs (2012)

We have investigated the thermal behavior of our recently developed 1200 V, 200 A 4H-SiC power DMOSFETs operating from 20°C up to 300°C. Compared to the first generation SiC DMOSFET that was commercially released early this year, this 4H-SiC power DMOSFET shows a ~ 50% reduction in the total specific on-resistance at room temperature. Temperature dependence of the key parameters of this MOSFET, such as on-resistance, threshold voltage, and the MOS channel mobility, are reported in this paper. The MOSFET showed normally-off characteristics throughout the entire experimental temperature range. Different temperature dependence of the total on-resistance in different temperature regimes has been observed.
Supplementary Methods, Table 1, Figure S1-S9 from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Is Regulated by β-Catenin/TCF and Promotes Radioresistance in Prostate Cancer Progenitor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Table 1, Figure S1-S9 (i) supplementary methods: Human tumor tissue dissociation, Immunofluorescence microscopy, Clonogenic cell survival assay, Sphere formation assay, Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay, Wound healing assay, Transwell migration assay, Western blot analysis, Flow cytometry analysis, Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, siRNA-mediated gene silencing, Luciferase reporter assay, Histology, Microarray analysis of the xenograft tumors, (ii) supplementary table 1: Primary tumor tissues used in the study and (iii) supplementary figures including Figure S1 (analysis of ALDH1A1 expression in normal and tumor prostate tissues), Figure S2 (prostate cancer ALDH+ cells possess CSC properties), Figure S3 (analysis of CSC marker expression after irradiation), Figure S4 (clonogenicity and tumorigenisity of ALDH+ and ALDH- cells after irradiation), Figure S5 (characterization of the radioresistant prostate cancer cell sublines), Figure S6 (the mechanisms of prostate cancer cell radioresistance), Figure S7 (comparative gene expression profiling of ALDH+ and radioresistant DU145 cells), Figure S8 (EMT properties of ALDH+ and radioresistant prostate cancer cells), Figure S9 (WNT/β-catenin pathway regulates ALDH1A1 expression)&lt;/p&gt;
Interleukin-21 Accelerates Thymic Recovery from Glucocorticoïd-Induced Atrophy (2013)

Both physiological and psychological stress cause thymic atrophy via glucocorticoïd (GC)-dependent apoptosis of double-positive (DP) thymocytes. Given the pervasiveness of stress, GC-induced thymic atrophy is arguably the most common type of acquired immunodeficiency. We recently reported that interleukin-21 (IL-21) has a unique ability to expand the small subset of DP thymocytes (CD69(+)) which are ongoing positive selection, and that administration of IL-21 increases thymic output in aged mice. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether IL-21 could mitigate GC-induced thymic atrophy. In contrast to double-negative (DN) and single-positive (SP) thymocytes, most DP thymocytes (CD69(-)) do not constitutively express the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R). Accordingly, CD69(-) DP thymocytes from PBS-treated mice were unresponsive to IL-21 administration. However, following GC injection, surviving CD69(-) DP thymocytes up-regulated IL-21R and responded to IL-21 treatment as evidenced by enhancement of Bcl6 expression and phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. Consequently, IL-21 administration to GC-treated mice accelerated thymic recovery by expanding considerably DP thymocytes and, to a lesser extent, DN thymocytes. However, IL-21-induced expansion of DN/DP thymocytes did not alter the diversity of the intrathymic or peripheral T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. We conclude that IL-21 dramatically accelerates recovery from GC-induced thymic atrophy.
Comments, with reply, on 'Cumulants: a powerful tool in signal processing' by G.B. Giannakis (1989)

A counterexample is presented to show that the solution to the stochastic realization problem given in the above-titled letter (ibid., vol.75, no.9, p.1333-4, Sept. 1987) does not apply, in general, to the infinite impulse response systems. The author expands on the comments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rooftop package unit diagnostician (2023)

A diagnostic system for an HVAC system includes a number of sensors used to measure the operation of the HVAC system. Sensor readings are measured by timing the delay between when a strobe signal is sent to a sensor and when an interrupt signal from the sensor is received. A device driver used to measure the sensor readings stores the sensor readings in pseudo-character device files, which are universally accessible by different subsystems of the diagnostic system. Based on the readings from these sensors, this diagnostic system is able to determine the operational status of the HVAC system and if an economizer in the HVAC system is operating properly.
Degenerate four-wave mixing in InSb at 77 K (1983)

Previously reported studies of nonlinear refraction in InSb revealed values equivalent fo an effective degenerate χ(9)(ω:ω1−ω,ω)~1 esu at 77K.1 This nonlinearity produced observations of optical bistability at 5 and 77 K (Ref. 2) and DFWM at 5 K (Ref. 3) of cw CO radiation just below the optical band gap energy. Greatly enhanced reflection efficiencies (above the 1 % observed at 5 K) were to be expected using the larger value of the nonlinearity at 77 K. The experimental arrangement for measuring the DFWM efficiency of cw CO radiation in InSb at 77 K is shown schematically In Fig. 1. This setup produces a front pump beam and a probe beam (at an angle of ~1° to the front pump beam) both gently focused to a spot diameter of ~1.3 mm at the sample. The counterpropagating back pump beam is generated by a single reflection of the front pump beam from the polished natural reflectivity (R ~36%) back face of the sample.
Placebo‐associated remissions in a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind trial of interferon γ‐1b for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2000)

The lack of efficacy of interferon-gamma in this trial underlines the importance of continued research to identify alternative therapeutic agents or combinations of agents in phase II studies. However, the threshold response rate for initiating phase III trials should be increased to 18% in the phase II trials, i.e. three times the response rate on placebo.
Suppllementary Methods and Supplementary Figures 1-5 from BET Inhibition Induces Apoptosis in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma via Epigenetic Regulation of BCL-2 Family Members (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Supplementary References, Supplementary Figure 1 - in vitro analysis of various BET inhibitors against Eu-myc lymphoma cells and effect of JQ1 on OPM2 and OPM2/BCL2 cells; Supplementary Figure 2 - In vitro effects of JQ1 on OPM2 and OPM2/BCL2 cells; Supplementary Figure 3 - In vivo effects of JQ1 showing lack of toxicity; Supplementary Figure 4 - induction of Bim in JQ1-sensitive and JQ1-resistant Eu-myc lymphomas; Supplementary Figure 5 - Activated Ras confers resistance to JAK inhibitor and JQ1.&lt;/p&gt;