gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Gα12 and Gα13 as Novel Switches for the Activity of Nrf2, a Key Antioxidative Transcription Factor (2007)

Galpha12 and Galpha13 function as molecular regulators responding to extracellular stimuli. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is involved in a protective adaptive response to oxidative stress. This study investigated the regulation of Nrf2 by Galpha12 and Galpha13. A deficiency of Galpha12, but not of Galpha13, enhanced Nrf2 activity and target gene transactivation in embryo fibroblasts. In mice, Galpha12 knockout activated Nrf2 and thereby facilitated heme catabolism to bilirubin and its glucuronosyl conjugations. An oligonucleotide microarray demonstrated the transactivation of Nrf2 target genes by Galpha12 gene knockout. Galpha12 deficiency reduced Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-dependent Nrf2 ubiquitination required for proteasomal degradation, and so did Galpha13 deficiency. The absence of Galpha12, but not of Galpha13, increased protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) activation and the PKC delta-mediated serine phosphorylation of Nrf2. Galpha13 gene knockout or knockdown abrogated the Nrf2 phosphorylation induced by Galpha12 deficiency, suggesting that relief from Galpha12 repression leads to the Galpha13-mediated activation of Nrf2. Constitutive activation of Galpha13 promoted Nrf2 activity and target gene induction via Rho-mediated PKC delta activation, corroborating positive regulation by Galpha13. In summary, Galpha12 and Galpha13 transmit a JNK-dependent signal for Nrf2 ubiquitination, whereas Galpha13 regulates Rho-PKC delta-mediated Nrf2 phosphorylation, which is negatively balanced by Galpha12.
Tomographic flow structures of a round jet in a crossflow (2003)

Abstract Flow structures in the near wake of an elevated jet in a crossflow at a large jet‐to‐ crossflow momentum flux ratio are experimentally studied in a wind tunnel. A laser‐light sheet is employed to illuminate fine smoke tracers for flow visualization. A laser Doppler velocimeter is used to measure the velocity field. Flows on the vertical symmetry plane and three horizontal planes across jet‐wake, jet‐exit, and tube‐wake regions are investigated. Smoke patterns show qualitatively apparent differences in different regions of the flow field. The measured velocity fields present quantitative characteristics of the streamlines, vorticities, and topological features of the flow structures. The flow characteristics on the symmetry plane show two bifurcation lines separated by a source point in the jet and tube wakes, respectively. Upstream from the bifurcation lines, reverse flows are observed. While downstream from the bifurcation lines, flows go directly forward. The flow structures and vorticity distributions on the horizontal planes show non‐closed recirculation zones of different topological structures in different characteristic flow regions, i.e., jet‐wake, jet‐exit, and tube‐wake. Details of the flow structures and differences in the jet and tube wakes are presented and discussed.
Ionic Aggregate Morphology and Ion Transport in Single-Ion Conducting Polymers. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
The Epidemic of Distraction (2012)

Multitasking is a rapidly growing phenomenon affecting all segments of the population but is rarely as successful as its proponents believe. The use of mobile electronic devices contributes importantly to multitasking and cognitive overload. Although personal electronic devices provide many benefits, their adverse effects are frequently overlooked. Personal observation and a review of the scientific literature supports the view that overuse or misuse of personal electronic devices promotes cognitive overload, impairs multitasking and lowers performance at all ages but particularly in the elderly. This phenomenon appears to be rapidly increasing and threatens to become a tsunami as spreading electronic waves cause an 'epidemic of distraction'. Mobile electronic devices often bring benefits to their users in terms of rapid access to information. However, there is a dark side to the increasing addiction to these devices that challenges the health and well-being of the entire population, targeting, in particular, the aged and infirm. New approaches to information gathering can foster creativity if cognitive overload is avoided.
Berberine Hydrochloride Protects C2C12 Myoblast Cells Against Oxidative Stress‐Induced Damage via Induction of Nrf‐2‐Mediated HO‐1 Expression (2016)

Preclinical Research The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of berberine hydrochloride (BBH), an isoquinoline alkaloid that can be isolated from a variety of herbs, on hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts and to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in this process, especially the expression of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. BBH preconditioning attenuated H2 O2 -induced growth inhibition and DNA damage as well as apoptosis in C2C12 cells via suppression of the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with BBHride alone effectively upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and elevated HO-1 activity. However, the protective effects of BBH against H2 O2 -induced ROS generation and cell growth reduction were abolished by an HO-1 inhibitor. Moreover, BBH-mediated induction and activation of HO-1 were reduced by genetic silencing of Nrf2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA). In addition, the effects of BBH against H2 O2 -induced ROS accumulation and growth inhibition were abrogated in C2C12 cells transfected with Nrf2 siRNA. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that BBH could protect C2C12 cells against oxidative stress-induced injury and this effect involved activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Drug Dev Res, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Desirable reticle flatness from focus deviation standpoint in optical lithography (2002)

We performed precise and systematic approaches to clarify what reticle flatness should be from the standpoint of focal deviation in optical lithography. The impact of reticle warpage on focus deviation was measured by an aerial image sensor to obtain any tiny shift of reticle-induced focus precisely. We clarified the criteria of reticle flatness after chucking. An optimum free-standing shape that would become the desired shape after chucking was obtained by simulation and an analytical approach. The flatness of the chucked reticle was found to be determined by both the free-standing plate shape inside the reticle holder and the shape of the plate facing the holder. Reticle flatness was redefined according to the results. Requirements with respect to the newly defined flatness for each technology node were clarified by focus budget analysis.
Development of a Fiber-Optic Cable Monitoring System for Storm-Generated Bathymetric Change in the Surf Zone (2015)

A monitoring system, called the optic sediment sensor (OSS), for study of the detailed processes of bathymetric changes in the surf zone has been developed. The OSS system consists of an array of fiber gap sensors (FGSs), a support structure (steel pipes), an electronics unit that transmits and receives light through fiber-optic cables, and a data acquisition system. The FGSs are mounted in a 2-m long vertical steel pipe; the sensor spacing is 10 cm. Steel pipes containing FGSs were embedded in the seafloor at two plaices at water depths of 4–5 m beneath a pier at the Hazaki Oceanographical Research Station (HORS) (Port and Airport Research Institute) on the Sudahama Coast, facing the Pacific Ocean, Japan. The electronics unit and the data acquisition system were installed in an observation room on the pier. The OSS systems successfully recorded well-defined and consecutive bathymetric changes caused by storm waves (maximum significant wave-height = 3 m); e.g. reversal of seabed erosion and deposition within a day could be recognized. If the OSS system could be installed in many more locations along the pier, the consecutive process of the formation, migration, and deformation of the whole of the longshore bar may be clarified.
Chemical and catalytic activation of methane by metal oxide surfaces. Annual report, September 1989-August 1990. [Iron and manganese perovskites] (1992)

The objectives of the research are to investigate the nature of surface oxygen centers capable of selective conversion of methane into hydrocarbon fuels through catalytic selective oxidation and to determine the role of homogeneous reactions in the catalytic coupling process. Major accomplishments of the current work include the development of stable redox coupling catalysts and the identification of impurity metals in alkaline earth catalysts. The authors explored the ability of lanthana-based iron and manganese perovskites to serve as selective redox catalysts. The authors' results indicate that protective alkali or alkaline earth layers are necessary for these transition metal perovskites to have acceptable higher hydrocarbon selectivity. Oxygen transfer clearly did not limit the reactivity of these catalyst/reactants under coupling conditions. Sensitive surface analysis of calcined CaO and MgO alkaline earth and zirconia co-oxidative methane dimerization catalysts by laser ionization (SALI) showed unexpectedly high levels (to approx 1000 ppm) of segregated base metals, especially iron. Catalysts with higher iron levels had poorer higher hydrocarbon selectivity and higher carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide product ratios. The authors conclude that the impurity segregated metal cations, by atracting excess reducible oxygen to the surfaces, cause the poorer performance of CaO and MgO relative to alkalimore » oxide catalysts.« less
Microdeposition Device Interfacing Capillary Electrochromatography and Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2004)

A sample deposition device has been constructed and optimized for interfacing CEC and capillary LC columns to MALDI mass spectrometry. For CEC analysis, the device is composed of an inlet buffer reservoir and an outlet buffer reservoir connected to a matrix reservoir through a connection sleeve. The matrix reservoir is connected to a deposition capillary via another connection sleeve. CEC eluent is transported to the matrix reservoir via a capillary that is connected to the deposition capillary by the connection sleeve inside the matrix reservoir. This connection sleeve also acts as a mixing chamber, allowing the CEC eluent to be mixed with matrix prior to deposition. Complex glycan mixtures can be separated by CEC using hydrophilic-phase monolithic columns, with capillary eluent being deposited on a standard MALDI plate along with a suitable matrix solution. Thousands of discrete, highly homogeneous dots can be generated for a subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. With minor modifications, this device is also applicable to capillary LC of peptides using gradient elution. In this configuration, the outlet of the LC column is connected to a deposition capillary inside a matrix reservoir through a connection sleeve that allows mixing of the LC effluent with an appropriate matrix. The device has been evaluated with the tryptic digests of proteins.
Target modulation and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics translation of the BTK inhibitor poseltinib for model-informed phase II dose selection (2021)

The selective Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor poseltinib has been shown to inhibit the BCR signal transduction pathway and cytokine production in B cells (Park et al. Arthritis Res. Ther. 18, 91, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-016-0988-z , 2016). This study describes the translation of nonclinical research studies to a phase I clinical trial in healthy volunteers in which pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) were evaluated for dose determination. The BTK protein kinase inhibitory effects of poseltinib in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were evaluated. High-dimensional phosphorylation analysis was conducted on human immune cells such as B cells, CD8 + memory cells, CD4 + memory cells, NK cells, neutrophils, and monocytes, to map the impact of poseltinib on BTK/PLC and AKT signaling pathways. PK and PD profiles were evaluated in a first-in-human study in healthy donors, and a PK/PD model was established based on BTK occupancy. Poseltinib bound to the BTK protein and modulated BTK phosphorylation in human PBMCs. High-dimensional phosphorylation analysis of 94 nodes showed that poseltinib had the highest impact on anti-IgM + CD40L stimulated B cells, however, lower impacts on anti-CD3/CD-28 stimulated T cells, IL-2 stimulated CD4 + T cells and NK cells, M-CSF stimulated monocytes, or LPS-induced granulocytes. In anti-IgM + CD40L stimulated B cells, poseltinib inhibited the phosphorylation of BTK, AKT, and PLCγ2. Moreover, poseltinib dose dependently improved arthritis disease severity in CIA rat model. In a clinical phase I trial for healthy volunteers, poseltinib exhibited dose-dependent and persistent BTK occupancy in PBMCs of all poseltinib-administrated patients in the study. More than 80% of BTK occupancy at 40 mg dosing was maintained for up to 48 h after the first dose. A first-in-human healthy volunteer study of poseltinib established target engagement with circulating BTK protein. Desirable PK and PD properties were observed, and a modeling approach was used for rational dose selection for subsequent trials. Poseltinib was confirmed as a potential BTK inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Trial registration: This article includes the results of a clinical intervention on human participants [NCT01765478].
Microwave Tomography for Assessment of Extremity Soft Tissue Blood Perfusion: Initial Multi-Frame Imaging Resuls (2011)

Microwave Tomography (MWT) is a novel imaging modality. It has potentials for functional biomedical imaging. An assessment of extremity soft tissue blood perfusion is one of such applications. We used our 2D MWT system in its fast, multi-frame mode for imaging of animal extremities. In this mode the system was capable to acquire 133 frames of tomographic data within 13sec. This allows for an imaging at certain portion of pulse wave and assessment of tissue blood perfusion. Absolute, differential and fused images of animal (swine) extremity were obtained demonstrating biomedical viability of the technology.
Burner Rig Evaluation of Ceramic Coatings With Vanadium-Contaminated Fuels (1990)

The performance of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), ceria-stabilized zirconia (CSZ), and magnesia-stabilized zirconia (MSZ) coatings was evaluated using an atmospheric burner rig; test environment contained compounds of vanadium, sodium, and sulfur. The coatings were deposited by plasma spraying and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD); sputtered sealant layers of hafnia, alumina, and platinum were deposited on the YSZ coating. The tests were performed for up to 500 hours at 1650°F and 1300°F. The tests were designed to simulate the deposit chemistry and sulfur trioxide partial pressures expected in a marine gas turbine engine operating on contaminated fuel. YSZ, CSZ, and MSZ coatings all underwent reaction in the burner rig environment; the reaction products and their effects on spallation were varied. MSZ was by far the most reactive, readily forming MgSO4 in both 1650°F and 1300°F tests. The observed reaction products provided a measure of “protection” for the bond coat by preventing molten salt infiltration for the duration of the test. The mechanism of ceramic spallation is discussed. Sputtered overlayers of platinum, hafnia, and alumina did not prevent salt infiltration and reaction with the underlying ceramic, although no reaction product between the overlayer and the salt was observed.
Effect of angiotensinogen on blood pressure regulation in normotensive rats (1995)

In vivo administration of antisense angiotensinogen oligonucleotides resulted in a transient decrease in blood pressure accompanied by a decrease in plasma angiotensinogen and angiotensin II levels, which suggests that angiotensinogen plays a pivotal role in the regulation of blood pressure in normotensive rats.
Novel Phase Modulator Linearity Measurement (2009)

Phase modulator linearity is an important concern for high dynamic range phase modulated optic links. However, the determination of phase modulator linearity is difficult as it requires an optical phase demodulator that generally contains nonlinear distortion that tends to contaminate the measurements. In this letter, we present a simple and effective approach for phase modulator linearity measurement that can be made into a photonic integrated circuit and does not require a reference linear phase modulator. We also present the measurement results.
Use of calcium channel blockers is associated with better cognitive performance in older hypertensive patients with subjective memory complaints (2010)

In elderly hypertensive treated patients with subjective memory complaints, CCB use was associated with better memory performance independently of blood pressure level and macrovascular and microvascular alterations, suggesting a specific neuroprotective effect of this pharmacological class. Interventional controlled trials are required to confirm the specific protective effect of CCBs on cognitive decline.
Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Composites Immobilized with Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies Using the Streptavidin–Biotin Interaction (2016)

A method using biomolecules to precisely fabricate the morphology of metal nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of a semiconductor using biomolecules is described. A biotin moiety (Biot) is introduced onto the surface of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) by covalent coupling with α-lipoic acid to assemble AuNPs in the presence of streptavidin (STV). The assembly of Biot-AuNP/STV is immobilized on the surface of TiO2 chemically modified with 1-(3-aminopropyl)silatrane (APS) to provide a positively charged surface. The Au content immobilized on the surface of TiO2 is clearly increased to 9.5 wt % (Au) as a result of the STV-biotin interaction and the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged Biot-AuNPs and the positively charged surface of APS/TiO2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals that the composite has an ordered surface geometry in which Biot-AuNPs are spread over the composite surface in two dimensions. The photocatalytic activity toward decomposition of methyl orange dye promoted by this composite is 55%, which is higher than that of the other composites. The Biot-AuNP/STV@APS/TiO2 composite efficiently reduces O2 molecules at Eonset = -0.23 V vs Ag|AgCl, which is more positive than that of other composites (Eonset = -0.40 to -0.32 V). The result suggests that an increased number of AuNPs immobilized in close contact with the TiO2 surface facilitates photoinduced charge transfer. This strategy, which takes advantage of the specific interactions provided by biomolecules and the chemical modification on the surface, has remarkable potential for efficient fabrication of metal nanoparticles on the surface of the semiconductor, which accelerates the reduction of oxygen molecules.
Predictive spatial risk model of poliovirus to aid prioritization and hasten eradication in Nigeria (2014)

The model developed in this study successfully predicts districts at risk for future wild poliovirus cases in Nigeria. The highest predicted district risk was 12.8 WPV1 cases in 2006, while the lowest district risk was 0.001 WPV1 cases in 2013. Model results have been used to direct the allocation of many different interventions, including political and religious advocacy visits. This modeling approach could be applied to other vaccine preventable diseases for use in other control and elimination programs.
Enhancing Internet Banking Through Voice Control. (1999)

only few customers do online stock trading, this functionality was separated into another applet. We refer to the core Internet banking applet, i.e., the one without stock trading, toELAk Internet, for Electronci Banking via Internet. The voice control interface was added toELJkdJGx&amp;apos;ITTG Due to the limited set of features, the user interface design of ELIIIGxkTTTG became straight-forward. The following screen shots illustrate the core functions ofELAI Internet. The screen shots show the authentic German labeling. The description of the screen shots provides a translation of the relevant terms. The next section focuses on the human-computer interaction design, describing how customers invoke these functions via voice commands. The c re applicati n with ut v ice c ntr l After loading the applet and logging in,ELuAIGxuIkTT shows a list of accessible accounts and the current balance of these accounts (see Figure 1). A user can select one of the accounts and do on
Secure Vehicular Communications Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2021)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is considered as a revolutionary technique to improve the wireless system performance by reconfiguring the radio wave propagation environment artificially. Motivated by the potential of RIS in vehicular networks, we analyze the secrecy outage performance of RIS-aided vehicular communications in this paper. More specifically, two vehicular communication scenarios are considered, i.e., a vehicular-to-vehicular (V2V) communication where the RIS acts as a relay and a vehicular-to-infrastructure (V2I) scenario where the RIS functions as the receiver. In both scenarios, a passive eavesdropper is present attempting to retrieve the transmitted information. Closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived and verified. The results demonstrate the potential of improving secrecy with the aid of RIS under both V2V and V2I communications.
Alemtuzumab for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (2009)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The objective of this review is to asses and summarise the evidence for treatment of CLL patients with alemtuzumab.
Improved dendritic cell-based immunization against hepatitis C virus using peptide inhibitors of interleukin 10 (2010)

These results suggest that IL-10 inhibiting peptides may have important applications to enhance anti-HCV immune responses by restoring the immunostimulatory capabilities of DC.
Arrays of Chemomechanically Patterned Patches of Homogeneous and Mixed Monolayers of 1-Alkenes and Alcohols on Single Silicon Surfaces (2002)

Raffinierte Ritztechnik: Durch Ritzen in Gegenwart einer reaktiven Spezies kann man Silicium gleichzeitig chemomechanisch mit Monoschichten funktionalisieren und Muster solcher funktionalisierten Bereiche erzeugen. Das Bild zeigt eine auf diese Weise hergestellte Anordnung von Monoschicht-Bereichen der homologen 1-Alken-Reihe von 1-Penten (A1) bis 1-Octadecen (B4). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.org or from the author. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2002/z18584_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Viscoelastic behaviour of human mesenchymal stem cells (2008)

hMSCs behave as viscoelastic solid. Its viscoelstic behaviour are dependent on the structural integrity of the F-actin filaments and temperature.