gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hidden Conditional Random Fields with Distributed User Embeddings for Ad Targeting (2014)

Abstract—Estimating a user’s propensity to click on a display ad or purchase a particular item is a critical task in targeted advertising, a burgeoning online industry worth billions of dollars. Better and more accurate estimation methods result in improved online user experience, as only relevant and interesting ads are shown, and may also lead to large benefits for advertisers, as targeted users are more likely to click or make a purchase. In this paper we address this important problem, and propose an approach for improved estimation of ad click or conversion prob-ability based on a sequence of user’s online actions, modeled using Hidden Conditional Random Fields (HCRF) model. In addition, in order to address the sparsity issue at the input side of the HCRF model, we propose to learn distributed, low-dimensional representations of user actions through a directed skip-gram, a neural architecture suitable for sequential data. Experimental results on a real-world data set comprising thousands of user sessions collected at Yahoo servers clearly indicate the benefits and the potential of the proposed approach, which outperformed competing state-of-the-art algorithms and obtained significant improvements in terms of retrieval measures. I.
Active Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IIγB Impairs Positive Selection of T Cells by Modulating TCR Signaling (2005)

T cell development is regulated at two critical checkpoints that involve signaling events through the TCR. These signals are propagated by kinases of the Src and Syk families, which activate several adaptor molecules to trigger Ca(2+) release and, in turn, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation. In this study, we show that a constitutively active form of CaMKII antagonizes TCR signaling and impairs positive selection of thymocytes in mice. Following TCR engagement, active CaMKII decreases TCR-mediated CD3zeta chain phosphorylation and ZAP70 recruitment, preventing further downstream events. Therefore, we propose that CaMKII belongs to a negative-feedback loop that modulates the strength of the TCR signal through the tyrosine phosphatase Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP-2).
Long-Term Stability of Self-Assembled Monolayers in Biological Media (2003)

Undecanethiol (C11H23SH) and tri(ethylene glycol)-terminated undecanethiol (HO(C2H4O)3C11H22SH) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on clean gold surfaces were prepared and characterized. The SAMs were then immersed into either phosphate-buffered saline or calf serum. The SAM samples were investigated using several analytical techniques at numerous points over the next 35 days. Contact angles and current densities in voltammetry changed dramatically for the PBS samples over the time period, particularly after 21 days. Results indicate substantial loss of the integrity of the SAM. Similar alterations with time were observed for the calf serum samples in both contact angle and voltammetry measurements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the likely origin is desorption of the alkanethiol moiety as evidenced by appreciable loss of the S 2p signal after 35 days.
Data from Altiratinib Inhibits Tumor Growth, Invasion, Angiogenesis, and Microenvironment-Mediated Drug Resistance via Balanced Inhibition of MET, TIE2, and VEGFR2 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Altiratinib (DCC-2701) was designed based on the rationale of engineering a single therapeutic agent able to address multiple hallmarks of cancer (&lt;a href="#bib1" target="_blank"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;). Specifically, altiratinib inhibits not only mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression, but also drug resistance mechanisms in the tumor and microenvironment through balanced inhibition of MET, TIE2 (TEK), and VEGFR2 (KDR) kinases. This profile was achieved by optimizing binding into the switch control pocket of all three kinases, inducing type II inactive conformations. Altiratinib durably inhibits MET, both wild-type and mutated forms, &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Through its balanced inhibitory potency versus MET, TIE2, and VEGFR2, altiratinib provides an agent that inhibits three major evasive (re)vascularization and resistance pathways (HGF, ANG, and VEGF) and blocks tumor invasion and metastasis. Altiratinib exhibits properties amenable to oral administration and exhibits substantial blood–brain barrier penetration, an attribute of significance for eventual treatment of brain cancers and brain metastases. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 14(9); 2023–34. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Amino acids conserved in interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) and the Drosophila toll protein are essential for IL-1R signal transduction. (1992)

The cytoplasmic domain of the human T cell-type interleukin-1 receptor (hIL-1R) is not involved in the binding, internalization, or nuclear localization of interleukin-1 (IL-1), but is essential for signal transduction. We have previously localized a 50-amino acid region (residues 477-527) critical for IL-1-mediated activation of the interleukin-2 promoter in T cells. This region displays a striking degree of amino acid conservation in human, murine, and chicken IL-1Rs. Here we report the results of a site-directed mutational analysis of the cytoplasmic domain of the hIL-1R. We have introduced single-amino acid substitutions at positions conserved in all three receptors and at nonconserved positions and identified key amino acids for IL-1R function in signal transduction. Three basic (Arg431, Lys515, and Arg518) and 3 aromatic (Phe513, Trp514, and Tyr519) amino acids that are conserved in human, murine, and chicken IL-1Rs could not be replaced without abolishing IL-1R-mediated signal transduction. A substitution at another conserved position (Pro521) reduces significantly the ability of the IL-1R to transmit the IL-1 signal. Nonconserved residues could be replaced without affecting signal transduction. The cytoplasmic domain of the IL-1R is related to that of the Drosophila Toll protein, with a 26% identity and a 43% similarity in amino acid sequence. The amino acids shown to be essential for IL-1R function are conserved in the Toll protein. Our experimental data indicate that the amino acid sequence similarity between the IL-1R and the Drosophila toll protein reflects a functional homology between the two proteins.
The influence of the interfacial layer on the stability of all-solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (2020)

Improving the stability of large-area organic light-emitting diodes is very important for practical applications. The interfacial layer plays a crucial role to improve the electron injection characteristic. In this work, devices prepared by various solution-processed interfacial materials and thermal-evaporated CsF were compared. In the devices with active area of 2.25 mm × 2.25 mm, we found that the performance and lifetime of the device with solution-processed Liq interfacial layer was comparable with the device with thermal-evaporated CsF. However, for the devices with active area of 2.4 cm × 3.7 cm, the device based on thermal-evaporated CsF was the champion in both performance and lifetime. The influence of the thickness of CsF on the stability was investigated. The most stable blue fluorescent devices can be achieved when the thickness of CsF is about 0.1 nm, while the most stable green phosphorescent devices can be obtained by depositing 0.2 nm CsF. The best current efficiency for the blue fluorescent device is 4 cd A<sup>-1</sup>, while the best one for the green phosphorescent device is 22 cd A<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, burning points causing the failure of the devices were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermography and secondary ion mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that burning points are defects, which can be observed after long-time operation, showing higher local temperature and fragmentary electrode.
Back Cover: Polar Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Imidazolium Salts as Selective Probes for Staining Mitochondria in Two‐Photon Fluorescence Microscopy (Chem. Eur. J. 25/2015) (2015)

Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPP) initially used as red pigments in varnishes for luxury cars, now enter a new field of application: two-photon fluorescence imaging. As described in their Full Paper on page 9101 ff., D. T. Gryko, M. Blanchard-Desce and their co-workers have synthesized and thoroughly studied three water-soluble DPP-based salts bearing 1,3-dimethylimidazolium units conjugated to the DPP core through benzene, thiophene and furan as π-spacers. All three dyes can be used in TPFM microscopy for staining mitochondria in living human cells.
Synthesis of Silicon-Containing Unsaturated Polymers by Hydrosilylation Reactions. Photophysical Studies (2003)

Silicon-containing unsaturated polymers have been synthesized using the Pt(acac)2-catalyzed photoactivated hydrosilylation of alkynes. These polymers fluoresce at 360 nm when excited at 270 nm due to the π-conjugated vinylphenyl segment in the polymer chain. The polymers have excellent solubility in several organic solvents.
Estimating coherent optical transmission system performance over heterogeneous fibre span lengths (2017)

This work investigates the estimation accuracy of a coherent optical transmission system's performance when the number of spans in the system is known and the overall system length is approximately known. However, there is no knowledge of the lengths of the individual spans as may happen when institutional knowledge of deployed fibre is lost. Estimating the performance of an optical signal over systems using this fibre may be inaccurate as a result. In this paper, the estimation accuracy of this scenario is examined considering a system with heterogeneous fibre span lengths for a DWDM system transmitting 80 channels modulating polarization multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PM-QPSK) at 32 Gbaud across the optical C-band using the Gaussian noise (GN) model in comparison to a reference system with homogenous fibre spans.
<title>Soluble polyacetylenes derived from the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of substituted cyclooctatetraenes: electrochemical characterization and Schottky barrier devices</title> (1991)

Recent developments in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) have enabled the synthesis of poly-cyclooctatetraene (poly-COT), a material which is isostructural to polyacetylene. This liquid-phase polymerization method allows facile construction of interfaces, films, and devices with polyacetylene-like materials. The ROMP method also allows the preparation of soluble, yet highly conjugated polyacetylene analogs from substituted cyclooctatetraenes (R-COT). The redox characteristics of R-COT polymers were investigated at electrodes modified with thin polymer films. Voltammetric methods were used to characterize the redox response, band gap, electrochemical doping, and cis-trans isomerization properties of these polyenes. We have applied poly-COT technology to the fabrication of Schottky diodes and photoelectrochemical cells, by forming poly-COT films on semiconductor surfaces. The resultant semiconductor/organic-metal interfaces behave more ideally than semiconductor contacts with conventional metals, in that changes in the work function of the conducting polymer exert a large and predictable effect on the electrical properties of the resulting Schottky diodes. Transparent films of the solution-processible polymer poly- trimethylsilyl-cyclooctatetraene (poly-TMS-COT) have been cast onto n-silicon substrates and doped with iodine to form surface barrier solar cells. These devices produce photovoltages that are much larger than can be obtained from n-silicon contacts with conventional metals.
Investigation and Optimization of On-Column Redox Reactions in the Sorbent Extraction Separation of Americium and Plutonium Using Flow Injection Analysis (1998)

A flow injection (FI) system with on-line liquid scintillation detection has been used to investigate and automate the separation of americium and plutonium on a sorbent extraction column (Eichrom TRU-resin). The FI system delivers various reagent solutions under controlled conditions to perform reactions that control the speciation of Pu, adjusting it between the III and IV states on the column. Am(III) is eluted in hydrochloric acid, while Pu(IV) remains on the column. The Pu is then selectively eluted by an on-column reduction reaction to Pu(III), which is not retained in hydrochloric acid. Remaining tetra- and hexavalent actinides are removed from the column using complexing eluent. Studies of the on-column oxidation of Pu with nitrite revealed that nitrite is slightly retained and partially converted to other species, both processes influencing subsequent reduction reactions. Mild reducing agents such as hydroquinone effected a slow and incomplete reduction of Pu(IV) on the column; examination of several other reducing solutions revealed that Ti(III) solutions gave rapid quantitative on-column reductions for selective Pu elution. The effects of column size and eluent flow rates were examined: flow rates as high as 3 mL/min could be used without significant change in elution peak volume.
Treatment of periodontal pockets with a diode laser (1998)

Background and Objective The aim of this study is to examine the long-term effect of diode laser therapy on periodontal pockets with regard to its bactericidal abilities and the improvement of periodontal condition. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Fifty patients were randomly subdivided into two groups (laser-group and control-group) and microbiologic samples were collected. There have been six appointments for 6 months following an exact treatment scheme. After evaluating periodontal indices (bleeding on probing, Quigley-Hein) including pocket depths and instruction of patients in oral hygiene and scaling therapy of all patients, the deepest pockets of each quadrant of the laser-group's patients were microbiologically examined. Afterwards, all teeth were treated with the diode laser. The control-group received the same treatment but instead of laser therapy were rinsed with H2O2. Each appointment also included a hygienic check-up. After 6 months the final values of the periodontal indices and further microbiologic samples were measured. The total bacterial count as well as specific bacteria, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were assessed semiquantitatively. Results The bacterial reduction with diode laser therapy was significantly better than in the control group. The index of bleeding on probing improved in 96.9% in the laser-group, whereas only 66.7% in the control group. Pocket depths could be more reduced in the laser group than in the control group. Conclusion The diode laser reveals a bactericidal effect and helps to reduce inflammation in the periodontal pockets in addition to scaling. The diode laser therapy, in combination with scaling, supports healing of the periodontal pockets through eliminating bacteria. Lasers Surg. Med. 22:302–311, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Light Harvesting and Energy Transfer in Novel Convergently Constructed Dendrimers (1999)

By the attachment of interacting laser dyes to the chain ends and focal point of a dendritic macromolecule it is possible to funnel energy harvested by the large peripheral antenna of the dendrimer (see picture on the left) efficiently and directly to the central fluorescent core (picture in the middle) by a process that does not involve the dendrimer inner backbone. The energy is then emitted as a narrow band of fluorescent radiation from the core (picture on the right).
Enhanced Activity for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Titania‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

Support makes the difference: Investigation of particle-size- and substrate-dependent activity for the electrochemical oxidation of CO provides an opportunity to consider the origin of the unique activity of supported Au nanoparticles in a new light. Furthermore, manipulation of catalytic activity by particle size and support provides an important tool for the future optimization of electrocatalysts.
Fragment-based lead discovery on G-protein-coupled receptors (2013)

With the recent progress in biophysical detection techniques, the advantages of fragment-based drug discovery could be exploited for GPCR targets. Structural information on GPCRs will be more abundantly available for early stages of drug discovery projects, providing information on the binding process and efficiently supporting the progression of fragment hit to lead. In silico approaches in combination with biological assays can be used to address structurally challenging GPCRs and confirm biological relevance of interaction early in the drug discovery project.
THERMAL STRATEGY FOR MODELING THE WIREBONDED PBGA PACKAGES (1999)

The Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) package attracts considerable interest, being one of the most promising packaging technologies of the moment. Thermal analysis of a package and a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) stack-up is performed for a better understanding of package constitutive elements, allowing an enhanced thermal coupling of package and board for cost effective thermal management. A commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was applied for thermal simulation. The study focuses on detailed thermal modeling of a 256 Wirebonded PBGA (depopulated bump array) package in a natural convection setup. The model was refined to include all the features, and the calculated junction-to-ambient thermal resistance for each simulation was compared to available experimental data. The order of creating the internal structures in the model has a strong impact on the package thermal characteristics. The calculated errors varied from 5% (detailed model) to 43% (simplified model).
Immunotargeting with CD154 (CD40 Ligand) Enhances DNA Vaccine Responses in Ducks (2006)

Engagement of CD154 on activated T cells with CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) potentiates adaptive immune responses in mammals. Soluble multimeric forms of CD154 have been used as an adjuvant or in immunotargeting strategies to enhance vaccine responses. The objective of our study was to examine the ability of duck CD154 (DuCD154) to enhance DNA vaccine responses in the duck hepatitis B model. Constructs were generated to express the functional domain of DuCD154 (tCD154), truncated duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) core antigen (tcore) and chimera of tcore fused to tCD154 (tcore-tCD154). Expression in LMH cells demonstrated that all proteins were secreted and that tCD154 and tcore-tCD154 formed multimers. Ducks immunized with the plasmid ptcore-tCD154 developed accelerated and enhanced core-specific antibody responses compared to ducks immunized with ptcore or ptcore plus ptCD154. Antibody responses were better sustained in both ptcore-tCD154- and ptcore plus ptCD154-immunized ducks. Core-specific proliferative responses of duck peripheral blood mononuclear cells were enhanced in ducks immunized with ptcore-tCD154 or ptcore alone. This study suggests that the role of CD154 in the regulation of adaptive immune responses had already evolved before the divergence of birds and mammals. Thus, targeting of antigens to APCs with CD154 is an effective strategy to enhance DNA vaccine responses not only in mammalian species but also in avian species.
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of a Reclosing Method for Shunt Reactor-Compensated Transmission Lines (2010)

This paper proposes a new control method to reduce overvoltages due to three-phase reclosing for shunt compensated transmission lines (TL). The method detects the first minimum voltage region of the beating across the circuit breakers after protection dead time and works independently of voltage zero crossing, reducing significantly the reclosure time. The controller was tested on a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and its performance was compared to the traditional preinsertion resistor approach and another existing control method.
Immunological and structural similarities among allergens: Prerequisite for a specific and component‐based therapy of allergy (1996)

It is known that allergic patients are frequently co-sensitized against different allergen sources. Progress made in the field of allergen characterization by molecular biological techniques has now revealed that sensitization against different allergen sources can be explained as cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies with structurally and immunologically related components present in these allergen sources. This review defines groups of cross-reactive plant allergens with significant sequence homology. The similarities among allergens may facilitate allergy diagnosis by using a few representative cross-reactive allergens to determine the patient's IgE reactivity profile (allergogram). According to that typing, a few cross-reactive allergens, carrying most of the relevant IgE epitopes, may then be selected for patient-tailored specific therapy.
Leveraging Silicon Epitaxy to Fabricate Excellent Front Surface Regions for Thin Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cells (2013)

Epitaxy can be used to fabricate doped front surface regions that enable high interdigitated back contact (IBC) silicon solar cell efficiency. One- and two-dimensional simulations show that an epitaxial layer with a constant phosphorus dopant concentration on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> can possess the properties of an excellent front surface region for an n-type IBC cell. With appropriate control of dopant concentration and thickness, the epitaxially grown region passivates a textured surface, and provides the lateral conductivity necessary to enable high fill factor. The combination of these two factors drives a simulated efficiency improvement above 0.3% absolute over an n-type IBC cell with a typical 200-Ω/sq phosphorus diffusion (e.g., from POCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ). Importantly, the epitaxial front surface region can occupy the entire volume of the pyramidal texture. We, therefore, propose an exemplary process sequence for device fabrication that places texture etching after epitaxial growth.
A secure mobile agent protocol for vehicular communication systems (2015)

A Mobile agent (MA) is an intelligent software that performs tasks on behalf of its owner. MAs collect results migrating from one node to another. MAs have a small size and a low requirement of network bandwidth, they also reduce the load of the network making a Mobile Agent System (MAS) a preferred solution in distributed applications. Intelligent Vehicular Communication Systems are an excellent exemplary candidate for such applications. Although MAs flexibility is a great add on to application however, ensuring their security is considered a challenging task due to its network openness. In this paper, a novel Secure Mobile Agent Protocol (SMAP) dedicated for Vehicular Communication Systems is proposed. SMAP provides the essential security requirements e.g. mutual authentication, confidentiality, integrity, accountability, non repudiation and authorization. Using SMAP owner vehicles receive results as soon as they are requested and therefore, providing fast information retrieval process. Moreover, another important feature of SMAP is that unlike other protocols the loss of the MA does not necessary mean the loss of all the collected data. Furthermore, SMAP guarantees protection from many security attacks such as, Man In The Middle (MITM), replay, masquerade, modification and unauthorized access attacks. Verified using the well known formal verification tool Scyther, SMAP is proven to be a suitable protocol for securing vehicular communication links from malicious actions.