gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simevents model for hybrid traffic simulation (2017)

Intelligent transportation systems are typical Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that combine physical components with cyber elements that include communication, information processing and control mechanisms for Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs). To test and evaluate the efficiency of such systems, new simulation platforms are needed. In this paper, a SimEvents-based framework is introduced for hybrid traffic simulation at the microscopic level. This framework enables users to apply different control strategies for CAVs and carry out performance analysis of proposed algorithms by authoring customized discrete-event and hybrid systems based on MATLAB Discrete-Event System using object-oriented MATLAB. The framework spans multiple toolboxes including MATLAB, Simulink, and SimEvents.
Microwave-assisted functionalization of carbon nanohornsvia [2+1] nitrenes cycloaddition (2010)

The microwave-assisted functionalization of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) via [2+1] nitrenes cycloaddition, providing well dispersible hybrid materials possessing aziridino-rings covalently grafted onto the graphitic network of CNHs, was accomplished, while condensation of hydroxy-functionalized CNHs with thioctic acid, furnishing an endocyclic disulfide bond extended from the aziridino-rings, allowed the stabilization of Au nanoparticles.
A theoretical study of the interaction of N2 with water molecules. (H2O)n:N2, n=1–8. (1984)

A b initio molecular orbital calculations including correlation energy have been carried out on the interaction of a single H2O molecule with N2. The potential energy surface for H2O:N2 is found to have a minimum corresponding to a HOH ⋅⋅⋅ N2 structure with a weak (&amp;lt;2 kcal mol−1) hydrogen bond. A second, less stable, configuration corresponding to a H2O ⋅⋅⋅ N2 structure with N2 bonded side on to the oxygen of H2O was found to be either a minimum or a saddle point in the potential energy surface depending on the level of calculation. The minimal STO-3G basis set was used to investigate the interaction of up to eight H2O molecules with N2. Two types of clusters, one containing only HOH ⋅⋅⋅ N2 interactions and the other containing both HOH ⋅⋅⋅N2 and H2O ⋅⋅⋅ N2 interactions, were investigated for [N2:(H2O)n, n=2–8].
Investigation of Dipicolinic Acid Isosteres for the Inhibition of Metallo‐β‐Lactamases (2019)

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) poses an immediate threat to our most effective and widely prescribed drugs, the β-lactam-containing class of antibiotics. There are no clinically relevant inhibitors to combat NDM-1, despite significant efforts toward their development. Inhibitors that use a carboxylic acid motif for binding the Zn<sup>II</sup> ions in the active site of NDM-1 make up a large portion of the >500 inhibitors reported to date. New and structurally diverse scaffolds for inhibitor development are needed urgently. Herein we report the isosteric replacement of one carboxylate group of dipicolinic acid (DPA) to obtain DPA isosteres with good inhibitory activity against NDM-1 (and related metallo-β-lactamases, IMP-1 and VIM-2). It was determined that the choice of carboxylate isostere influences both the potency of NDM-1 inhibition and the mechanism of action. Additionally, we show that an isostere with a metal-stripping mechanism can be re-engineered into an inhibitor that favors ternary complex formation. This work provides a roadmap for future isosteric replacement of routinely used metal binding motifs (i.e., carboxylic acids) for the generation of new entities in NDM-1 inhibitor design and development.
HIV infection en route to endogenization: two cases (2014)

The long-term spontaneous evolution of humans and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not well characterized; many vertebrate species, including humans, exhibit remnants of other retroviruses in their genomes that question such possible endogenization of HIV. We investigated two HIV-infected patients with no HIV-related disease and no detection with routine tests of plasma HIV RNA or cell-associated HIV DNA. We used Sanger and deep sequencing to retrieve HIV DNA sequences integrated in the human genome and tested the host humoral and cellular immune responses. We noticed that viruses from both patients were inactivated by the high prevalence of the transformation of tryptophan codons into stop codons (25% overall (3-100% per gene) and 24% overall (0-50% per gene)). In contrast, the humoral and/or cellular responses were strong for one patient and moderate for the other, indicating that a productive infection occurred at one stage of the infection. We speculate that the stimulation of APOBEC, the enzyme group that exchanges G for A in viral nucleic acids and is usually inhibited by the HIV protein Vif, has been amplified and made effective from the initial stage of the infection. Furthermore, we propose that a cure for HIV may occur through HIV endogenization in humans, as observed for many other retroviruses in mammals, rather than clearance of all traces of HIV from human cells, which defines viral eradication.
Linear Viscoelasticity and Flow of Self-Assembled Vitrimers: The Case of a Polyethylene/dioxaborolane System (2019)

For vitrimer systems obtained by dynamic cross-linking of polymer chains, incompatibility effects between the cross-links and polymer backbone can lead to microphase separation, resulting in a network made of cross-linked aggregates. Additionally, when there is a wide distribution of the number of cross-links per chain, macrophase separation can occur. Here, we investigate the linear viscoelasticity and flow of a polyethylene (PE) vitrimer that has cross-linkable dioxaborolane maleimide grafts, which aggregate into a hierarchical nanostructure. To elucidate the role of self-assembly, noncross-linked graft functionalized PE was first studied. It had a terminal relaxation time that was orders of magnitude larger than both neat PE and partially peroxide cross-linked PE. When dioxaborolane cross-linker was added to form the vitrimer, the resulting material could not achieve terminal relaxation within 8 hr. The graft-poor soluble and graft-rich insoluble portions of the PE vitrimer were then isolated and characterized. The soluble portion expressed similar flow behavior as neat PE, while the insoluble portion – which is a network of cross-linked aggregates – relaxed very little over 8 hr. When the insoluble and soluble portions were blended, the rheological behavior of the original vitrimer was basically recovered, showing that the soluble portion acts as a lubricant. When the insoluble portion was blended with neat PE, the material relaxed much more stress, but still did not reach steady-state flow within 8 hr. When high stresses were applied, however, PE vitrimer flowed. Nonlinear rheology experiments revealed melt fracture at high strains and suggested that flow is enabled by rapid healing, which follows fracture events. The presence of macroscopic phase separation facilitated flow.
Dart - a high level software-defined radio platform model for developing the run-time controller (2011)

Novel cognitive radio platforms such as IMECs Cognitive Baseband RAdio (COBRA) should ensure the feasibility of multiple streams and their reconfigurability and scalability during run-time. The control over those tasks should be dedicated to a run-time controller that (re)allocates the resources on the platform. E.g., when user starts a new stream or the channel conditions change requiring switch to different modulation and coding scheme. The current transaction level models are too detailed for rapid exploration of all run-time options and the high-level data-flow frameworks (such as Kahn process networks) lack the dynamism and reconfigurability that is essential for the exploration. In this paper we propose the DAtaflow for Run-Time (DART), the high-level dynamic data-flow platform model framework, suited for rapid run-time control development. We sketch also how to use this framework to develop such a controller in the reactive and more challenging, proactive way.
High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid Vehicle Can Deliver Gadolinium Into the Cochlea at a Higher Concentration for a Longer Duration: A 9.4-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (2021)

Intratympanic (IT) gadolinium (Gd) injection is one method of delivering Gd into the inner ear to evaluate the amount of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As Gd is usually prepared in a fluid form mixed with saline, Gd injected into the middle ear drains easily through the Eustachian tube within several hours. High-molecular-weight (hMW) hyaluronic acid (HA) is an ideal vehicle for IT Gd due to its viscous and adhesive properties. The present study was performed to elucidate whether novel hMW HA is superior to conventional HA in delivering Gd into the inner ear in the short term. The second aim was to verify the long-term Gd delivery efficiency of hMW HA compared to the standard-of-care vehicle (saline). IT Gd injection and 3D T1-weighted MRI were performed in 13 rats. For the short-term study (imaging after 1, 2, and 3 h), the left ear was treated with hMW HA+Gd and the right ear with conventional HA+Gd. For the long-term study (imaging after 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, 1 - 3 days, and 7 - 10 days), the left ear was treated with hMW HA+Gd and the right ear with saline+Gd. Signal intensities (SIs) in the scala tympani (ST) and scala vestibuli (SV) were quantified. Compared to conventional HA, signal enhancement was 2.3 - 2.4 times greater in the apical and middle turns after hMW HA+Gd injection (SV at 1 h). In comparison to the standard-of-care procedure, the SI was not only greater in the short term but the higher SI also lasted for a longer duration. On days 7 - 10 after IT Gd delivery, the SI in the basal turn was 1.9 - 2.1 times greater in hMW HA+Gd-treated ears than in saline IT Gd-treated ears. Overall, hMW HA may be a useful vehicle for more efficient IT Gd delivery. Gd enhancement in the cochlea improved approximately two-fold when hMW HA was used. In addition, this greater enhancement lasted for up to 7 - 10 days. Repeated MRI of EH may be possible for several days with a single IT hMW HA+Gd delivery.
A prostate-specific antigen–activated N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer prodrug as dual-targeted therapy for prostate cancer (2007)

Prostate cancer targeted peptide prodrugs that are activated by the serine protease activity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are under development in our laboratory. To enhance delivery and solubility of these prodrugs, macromolecular carriers consisting of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA)-based copolymers were covalently coupled to a PSA-activated peptide prodrug. HPMA copolymers are water-soluble, nonimmunogenic synthetic carriers that exhibit promise for drug delivery applications. These macromolecular copolymers enter the interstitium of solid tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The PSA-activated peptide substrate imparts selectivity because it is specifically hydrolyzed to release a cytotoxin at the site of prostate tumor. Enzymatically active PSA is present in high amounts in the extracellular fluid of a tumor, but PSA is inactivated in blood by binding to serum protease inhibitors. As an initial proof of concept, the HPMA copolymer was synthesized with a peptide substrate (HSSKLQ) bound to a fluorophore, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). PSA cleavage of the HPMA-HSSKLQ-AMC copolymer was observed, which led to the synthesis of an HPMA-based copolymer with the prodrug SSKYQ-L12ADT [HPMA-morpholinocarbonyl-Ser-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Gln-Leu-12-aminododecanoyl thapsigargin (JHPD)]. L12ADT is a potent analogue of the highly cytotoxic natural product thapsigargin. HPMA-JHPD was hydrolyzed by PSA in vitro and was toxic to prostate cancer cells in the presence of active PSA. The HPMA-JHPD produced no systemic toxicity when given at a 500 micromol/L L12ADT equivalent dose. Analysis of tumor tissue from mice treated with a single or multiple dose of the HPMA-JHPD copolymer showed release and accumulation of the L12ADT toxin within the tumor tissue.
Motion control of Tetrahymena pyriformis cells with artificial magnetotaxis: Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach (2012)

The use of live microbial cells as microscale robots is an attractive premise, primarily because they are easy to produce and to fuel. In this paper, we study the motion control of magnetotactic Tetrahymena pyriformis cells. Magnetotactic T. pyriformis is produced by introducing artificial magnetic dipole into the cells. Subsequently, they can be steered by using an external magnetic field. We observe that the external magnetic field can only be used to affect the swimming direction of the cells, while the swimming velocity depends largely on the cells' own propulsion. Feedback information for control is obtained from a computer vision system that tracks the cell. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we construct a discrete-time model for the cell dynamics that is based on first principle. Subsequently, we identify the model parameters using the Least Squares approach. Second, we formulate a model predictive approach for feedback control of magnetotactic T. pyriformis. Both the model fitness and the performance of the feedback controller are verified using experimental data.
Directed self assembling of block copolymers and their applications to ultra high density magnetic storage and maskless nano lithography (2013)

International audience
11.4L: Late‐News Paper: Very High Pretilt Alignment and Its Application in Pi‐Cell LCDS (1998)

Abstract A novel alignment material capable of a pretilt angle around 51° was developed and characterized. Such a high pretilt may find numerous applications in developing new liquid crystal display (LCD) technologies and improving existing technologies. We developed a π‐cell utilizing the high pretilt alignment material, in which the bend director configuration is stable at zero field.
Outdoor Acoustic Event Identification with DNN Using a Quadrotor-Embedded Microphone Array (2017)

[abstFig src='/00290001/18.jpg' width='275' text='Software architecture for OCASA with proposed AEI' ] This paper addresses Acoustic Event Identification (AEI) of acoustic signals observed with a microphone array embedded in a quadrotor that is flying in a noisy outdoor environment. In such an environment, noise generated by rotors, wind, and other sound sources is a big problem. To solve this, we propose the use of a combination of two approaches that have recently been introduced: Sound Source Separation (SSS) and Sound Source Identification (SSI) . SSS improves the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the input sound, and SSI is then performed on the SNR-improved sound. Two SSS methods are investigated. One is a single channel algorithm, Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) , and the other is Geometric High-order Decorrelation-based Source Separation (GHDSS-AS) , known as a multichannel method. For SSI, we investigate two types of deep neural networks namely Stacked denoising Autoencoder (SdA) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) , which have been extensively studied as highly-performant approaches in the fields of automatic speech recognition and visual object recognition. Preliminary experiments have showed the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, a combination of GHDSS-AS and CNN in particular. This combination correctly identified over 80% of sounds in an 8-class sound classification recorded by a hovering quadrotor. In addition, the CNN identifier that was implemented could be handled even with a low-end CPU by measuring the prediction time.
Reactivity and contractility of rat main pulmonary artery to vasoactive agents (1980)

In vitro studies were undertaken to determine the reactivity and contractility of the rat main pulmonary artery (RPA) to some selected vasoactive agents. Oxytocin was found to be inactive RPA exhibited a poor responsiveness to vasopressin, acetylcholine, histamine, and bradykinin. Prostaglandins B2 and E2, K+, angiotensin, sympathomimetic agents (epinephrine and isoproterenol), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and [Ca2+]0 were found to produce, consistently, potent and concentration-related contractions of the RPA. Pulmonary arterial strips that were precontracted with 5-HT responded with relaxations to isoproterenol in low concentrations and with contractions in high concentrations. Blockade of isoproterenol-induced relaxation by propranolol provides evidence for the existence of specific beta-adrenoceptors in RPA. The selective antagonism of contractile responses induced by epinephrine, 5-HT, acetylcholine, and histamine by phentolamine, methysergide, atropine, and pyrilamine, respectively, provides evidence for the occurrence of specific alpha-adrenergic, "D"-serotonin as well as some cholinergic (muscarinic) and H1-histamine receptors in the RPA.
Abstract 17878: Kindlin-2 is a Novel Regulator of Hemostasis (2011)

Kindlin-2, a widely distributed cytoskeletal protein, has been implicated in integrin activation, and its absence is embryonically lethal in mice. We previously demonstrated that kindlin-2 is a key contributor to angiogenesis since it was defective in kindlin-2 +/- mice and zebrafish. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that kindlin-2 may regulate hemostasis utilizing the kindlin -2 +/- mice. Tail bleeding time was significantly prolonged (+ 45%, P=0.02) and blood loss was 4-fold more (P=0.005) in kindlin-2 +/- mice as compared to WT animals. In addition, time to carotid artery occlusion after FeCl 3 injury was increased by 30% (P=0.02) in the kindlin-2 +/- mice. Fibrinogen, vWF, t-PA, TFPI levels or activities were similar in plasma of WT and kindlin-2 +/- mice. Platelet count, platelet expression levels of integrin αIIbβ3, P-selectin and GPIbα as well as ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to various agonists were similar in both mouse strains. Bone marrow transplantation from kindlin-2 +/- donors to WT mice did not transfer the bleeding prolongation to recipients, indicating the defect was not associated with bone marrow-derived cells in kindlin-2 +/- mice. However, mouse aortic endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the kindlin-2 +/- mice showed significantly enhanced capacity to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation as compared to WT ECs (75% platelet aggregation in the presence of WT ECs vs 20% aggregation in the presence of kindlin-2 +/- ECs). Although eNOS expression and phosphorylation were similar in both WT and kindlin-2 +/- ECs, FACS analyses revealed increased (by 2-3-fold) levels of ATP diphosphohydrolase (CD39) and Ecto-5’-Nucleotidase (CD73) on the surface of the kindlin-2 +/- ECs. Accordingly, 2-3 fold more ADP and AMP were hydrolyzed on kindlin-2 +/- ECs than on WT ECs, and supernatants collected from ADP-treated kindlin-2 +/- ECs did not trigger platelet aggregation as efficiently as those from WT cells. In control experiments, overexpression of kindlin-2 in the kindlin-2 +/- EC, decreased CD39 and CD73 levels and blunted the antiplatelet activities of these cells. Taken together, endothelial kindlin-2 regulates ADP levels and ADP-dependent platelet responses and, thereby, plays an important role in thromboregulation.
30.3 A 512Gb 3b/Cell 7th -Generation 3D-NAND Flash Memory with 184MB/s Write Throughput and 2.0Gb/s Interface (2021)

The exponential data size growth in high-speed networks is a key motivator for nonvolatile memory development. To support this demand, higher density NAND is required: with a smaller cell size and higher interface speed. Generally, scaling down NAND technology requires addressing several common issues: 1) As the number of WL stack layers increases, the cell-string current is reduced due to the increased resistance in a cell string, 2) Deterioration of cell-to-cell interference, due to the reduction of cell pitch, 3) Support of higher IO bandwidth for faster data transfer speed [1]. Another challenge of this work was to minimize the die size because the peripheral circuit area is comparable to that of the cell array. Hence, we integrated the peripheral circuits below the cell array as introduced in [2]. Also, to cope with lower metal-contact height, a novel structure for the capacitor device was used to maximize capacitance per unit area.
A Novel Ion Beam Source for Electrostatic Confined Fusion Reactors (1991)

Inertial Electrostatic Confined (IEC) fusion is a potentially attractive scheme for compact neutron-lean fusion reactors suitable for marine propulsion and deep space travel. Recent studies have indicated that efficient IEC devices require pulsed ion sources. However, existing pulsed ion diode schemes (e.g. Magnetically Insulated Diode (MID)) are not optimized for IEC applications. We propose a novel MID scheme which utilizes a modified Back. Lighted Thyratron (BLT) switch, both as a repetitive switch and a repetitive ion source. The extractable electron beam current from a fully developed BLT discharge was simulated using a simple electron trajectory integrator. The model's results appear to be in good agreement with the measured electrons escape fractions. The electron beam's escape fraction appears to be much higher when using a newly proposed ring-BLT configuration. The detailed results and additional potential applications of the proposed BLT configurations are also included.
New flavonoid triglycosides from Anthyllis hermanniae (2007)

Anthyllis hermanniae L. (Leguminosae) is a shrub with tortuous, woody branches, typical of the Mediterranean region. Information concerning the phytochemical content of the genus Anthyllis is limited and even more so for the species A. hermanniae [1]. The plants of the genus are rich in acids, flavonoids and isoflavonoids. The methanol extract of A. hermanniae yielded two novel flavonoid triglycosides characterized by an O-linked branched trisaccharide together with other flavonoid glycosides, isoflavones, coumarins, sterols and phenolic acids. The structures of the novel glycosides were determined to be quercetin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside]-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) and kaempferol 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside]-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2). Flavonol glycosides with an arabinosyl unit on position-3 of the aglycone and (1→2) interglycosidic linkage within the disaccharide residue are generally very rare in nature.
T cell regulation of light chain expression: preferential enhancement of Ig kappa in a primary thymus-dependent response does not require affinity-based selection. (1985)

Previously we reported that the proportion of Ig kappa to Ig lambda anti-DNP antibodies produced by day 5 of a primary response to thymus-dependent antigens was fivefold greater than the Ig kappa:Ig lambda ratios found in responses to thymus-independent antigens. To determine whether an affinity-based process explained the differences in kappa/lambda ratios seen, we measured the affinity of Ig kappa and Ig lambda antibody by using the binding ratio radioimmunoassay method, which measures the affinity of antibodies of particular isotypes without the need for prior purification. By the addition of a mild reduction step, the affinities of IgG and IgM antibody could be simultaneously measured. The affinity of day 5 Ig kappa anti-DNP evoked by DNP-KLH is not significantly higher than that of Ig lambda anti-DNP evoked by DNP-Ficoll, nor is it significantly different from that of Ig lambda antibody produced. As an alternative to affinity-based selection, it is suggested that T cells can preferentially augment Ig kappa responses.