gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquids in Polymer Design: From Energy to Health (2016)

Abstract : The combination of ionic liquids and polymers has emerged as an active field of exploration in polymer science, where new materials have be realized for various applications in energy, health and other fields, including batteries, capacitors, fuel cells, actuators, carbon dioxide capture, catalysis, and gene vectors. The purpose of this symposium is to identify and highlight emerging materials that combine ionic liquids and polymer chemistry and the unique properties that arise from this combination. This symposium covers all aspects of ionic liquids in polymers from synthesis, properties, and applications. The research should be fundamental in nature, focused on understanding the physical and chemical mechanisms that control the material properties, microstructure, and resulting performance. Both experimental and computational research are welcome. Submissions are encouraged from national laboratories, government agencies, industry, and academia.
Short term energy storage for grid support in wind power applications (2012)

The penetration of wind power into the power system has been increasing in the recent years. Therefore, a lot of concerns related to the reliable operation of the power system have been addressed. An attractive solution to minimize the limitations faced by the wind power grid integration, and thus to increase the power system stability and the energy quality, is to integrate energy storage devices into wind power plants. This paper gives an overview of the state-of-the-art short-term energy storage devices and presents several applications which can be provided by the energy storage device - wind power plant combined system. Moreover, two methods for estimating the remaining useful lifetime of the energy storage devices are presented.
Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibits Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenases (2007)

The cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)-derived metabolites of arachidonic acid the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) both function as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) in the human coronary microcirculation. However, the relative importance of and potential interactions between these 2 vasodilators remain unexplored. We identified a novel inhibitory interaction between CYPs and H2O2 in human coronary arterioles, where EDHF-mediated vasodilatory mechanisms are prominent. Bradykinin induced vascular superoxide and H2O2 production in an endothelium-dependent manner and elicited a concentration-dependent dilation that was reduced by catalase but not by 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (EEZE), 6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanoic acid, sulfaphenazole, or iberiotoxin. However, in the presence of catalase, an inhibitory effect of these compounds was unmasked. In a tandem-bioassay preparation, application of bradykinin to endothelium-intact donor vessels elicited dilation of downstream endothelium-denuded detectors that was partially inhibited by donor-applied catalase but not by detector-applied EEZE; however, EEZE significantly inhibited dilation in the presence of catalase. EET production by human recombinant CYP 2C9 and 2J2, 2 major epoxygenase isozymes expressed in human coronary arterioles, was directly inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion by H2O2 in vitro, as observed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); however, EETs were not directly sensitive to oxidative modification. H2O2 inhibited dilation to arachidonic acid but not to 11,12-EET. These findings suggest that an inhibitory interaction exists between 2 EDHFs in the human coronary microcirculation. CYP epoxygenases are directly inhibited by H2O2, and this interaction may modulate vascular EET bioavailability.
Press Conference from Combination Epigenetic Therapy Has Efficacy in Patients with Refractory Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;mp3 file (49.6MB). Patients with recurrent metastatic non-small cell lung cancer have a morbid prognosis, but a new epigenetic therapy may have potential for this population. Cancer Discovery Editors-in-Chief Jose Baselga, M.D., Ph.D. and Lewis C. Cantley, Ph.D. moderated a press conference about this research on Wednesday, Nov. 9, 2011.&lt;/p&gt;
A Model for Flow Bypass and Tip Leakage in Pin Fin Heat Sinks (2005)

A model for the pressure drop and heat transfer behavior of heat sinks with top bypass is presented. In addition to the characteristics of a traditional two-branch bypass model, the physics of tip leakage are taken into consideration. The total flow bypass is analyzed in terms of flow that is completely diverted and flow that enters the heat sink but leaks out. Difference formulations of the momentum and the energy equations were utilized to model the problem in the flow direction. Traditional hydraulic resistance and heat transfer correlations for infinitely long tube bundles were used to close the equations. Tip leakage mechanisms were modeled by introducing momentum equations in the flow normal direction in both the pin side and bypass channel, with ad hoc assumptions about the static pressure distribution in that direction. Although the model is applicable to any kind of heat sink, as a case study, results are presented for in-line square pin fin heat sinks. Results were compared with the predictions from a two-branch bypass model and previous experimental data. It is shown that tip leakage effects are important in setting the overall pressure drop at moderate and high pin spacing, but have only minor influence on heat transfer.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2(R),5(R)‐BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)‐3(R),4(R)‐DIHYDROXYPYRROLIDINE. A NOVEL GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITOR (1985)

Abstract Aus der geschützten Sörbose (I) wird das Azido‐Derivat (IIa) dargestellt und in zwei Stufen zu (III) deblockiert.
P041 THE GUT-SELECTIVE, ORALLY ADMINISTERED, PAN-JAK INHIBITOR TD-1473 DEMONSTRATES FAVORABLE SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, PHARMACOKINETIC, AND SIGNAL FOR CLINICAL ACTIVITY IN SUBJECTS WITH MODERATELY-TO-SEVERELY ACTIVE ULCERATIVE COLITIS (2019)

A need exists for effective and safe oral therapeutic options for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). TD-1473 is an orally administered and gut-selective pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that was well tolerated by healthy volunteers when administered up to 300mg once daily for 14 days with very low systemic exposure. To assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of TD-1473 in subjects with moderately-to-severely active UC. In this double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter phase 1b study, 40 subjects were enrolled and administered placebo (n=9), 20mg (n=10), 80mg (n=10), or 270mg (n=11) TD-1473 once daily for 28 days after meeting eligibility criteria (including Mayo rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1, stool frequency subscore of ≥ 1, and endoscopic subscore of ≥ 2). Safety, PK, clinical outcomes, and biomarkers were evaluated. The mean age was 44 years with 65% of subjects being male and a median disease duration of 3.1 years. The baseline mean total Mayo Score ranged from 8.2 (80mg) to 9.6 (20mg), with an overall mean of 8.9. All subjects completed dosing, except for one subject at 20mg who stopped taking TD-1473 at Day 5 due to lack of efficacy. Two serious treatment-emergent adverse events consisted of hospitalization for UC exacerbation (20mg and 80mg). No cases of serious or opportunistic infection or signals for adverse abnormalities in hematologic or chemistry laboratory parameters were observed. Plasma exposures were low and consistent with those observed previously in healthy subjects. Colonic tissue concentrations of TD-1473 were higher than plasma and in the range needed for JAK inhibition. There were trends for higher rates of mucosal healing and improvement by ≥ 1 point in rectal bleeding and endoscopy, relative to placebo (Table). C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased relative to placebo at all dose levels. Fecal calprotectin decreased in subjects treated with 80mg and 270mg. High variability was observed for CRP and fecal calprotectin at all dose levels.Discussion/ TD-1473 was well tolerated over 4 weeks with evidence of gut selectivity, low systemic exposure, and signals for clinical and biomarker activity in subjects with moderately-to-severely active UC. Key Efficacy, Biomarker and PK Results in Subjects with Moderately-to-Severely Active UC after 28 Days of Treatment with TD-1473 or Placebo
3D Inkjet Printing of Electronics Using UV Conversion (2017)

Abstract The production of electronic circuits and devices is limited by current manufacturing methods that limit both the form and potentially the performance of these systems. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that has been shown to provide cross‐sectoral manufacturing industries with significant geometrical freedom. A research domain known as multifunctional AM (MFAM) in its infancy looks to couple the positive attributes of AM with application in the electronics sector can have a significant impact on the development of new products; however, there are significant hurdles to overcome. This paper reports on the single step MFAM of 3D electronic circuitry within a polymeric structure using a combination of conductive and nonconductive materials within a single material jetting‐based AM system. The basis of this breakthrough is a study of the optical absorption regions of a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) conductive ink which leads to a novel method to rapidly process and sinter AgNP inks in ambient conditions using simple UV radiation contemporaneously with UV‐curing of deposited polymeric structures.
Pulsed operation of (Al,Ga,In)N blue laser diodes (1998)

Room temperature (RT) pulsed operation of blue (420 nm) nitride based multi-quantum well (MQW) laser diodes grown on a-plane and c-plane sapphire substrates has been demonstrated. A combination of atmospheric and low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using a modified two-flow horizontal reactor was employed. The emission is strongly TE polarized and has a sharp transition in the far field pattern above threshold. Threshold current densities as low as 12.6 kA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> were observed for 10 X 1200 micrometer lasers with uncoated reactive ion etched (RIE) facets on c-plane sapphire. Cleaved facet lasers were also demonstrated with similar performance on a-plane sapphire. Differential efficiencies as high as 7% and output powers up to 77 mW were observed. Laser diodes tested under pulsed conditions operated up to 6 hours at room temperature. Performance was limited by resistive heating during the electrical pulses. Lasing was achieved up to 95 degrees Celsius and up to a 150 ns pulse length (RT). Threshold current increased with temperature with a characteristic temperature, T<SUB>0</SUB>, of 125 K.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Levels Predict Treatment Outcome Among Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis (2013)

Baseline GCF MMP-8 levels strongly predict how MMP-8 levels behave during the maintenance period. In smoker sites, high baseline MMP-8 levels indicate weak treatment response.
Performance bounds for Turbo-coded SC-PSK/FSO communications over strong turbulence channels (2011)

This paper comprehensively investigates the performance of the Turbo-coded free-space optical (FSO) system using subcarrier phase shift keying (SC-PSK) signaling. We obtain theoretical bounds for the system's bit-error rate (BER) and channel capacity over the gamma-gamma strong turbulence channels in both uncoded and Turbo-coded cases. We quantitatively show that the BER and channel capacity are considerably affected by the strong turbulence. In Turbo-coded systems, a coding gain of about 4 dB and 5% channel capacity increase can be achieved in the strong turbulence regime.
Two-Position Micro Latching Mechanism Requiring a Single Actuator (2002)

The Two-Position Micro Latching Mechanism (MLM) requiring a Single Actuator is presented in this paper. In contrast to the two positions of a bistable mechanism resulting from potential energy curves, the MLM remains in its second position as a result of mechanical interference between a slider and flexible beams. For the MLM, restoration energy and forces are supplied from an external source, either the actuator, an active load, or both. The MLM has two positions — locked and unlocked. The unlocked position is the manufactured position, where no loads are present. Once the mechanism is locked, it is held by mechanical interference in a second position and can resist forces opposite the input direction. Testing showed that the MLM functions as intended and demonstrated that the MLM is capable of being actuated on-chip with a single actuator. The unique characteristics of the MLM suggest that it has a potential for use in numerous MEMS applications where two positions are required.
Expression of c-kit receptor in normal and transformed human nonlymphoid tissues. (1992)

The protooncogene c-kit encodes a tyrosine kinase with a molecular weight of 145,000, highly related to the platelet derived growth factor/colony stimulating factor receptors. Mutations of the murine gene result in impairment of hematopoiesis, gametogenesis, and of the melanocyte cell lineage. In order to elucidate c-kit functions in development and oncogenesis we have analyzed immunohistochemically its expression in human normal and transformed nonlymphoid tissues. The receptor has been detected in spermatogonia, melanocytes, and unexpectedly, in astrocytes, renal tubules, parotid cells, thyrocytes, and breast epithelium. While the gene product is expressed in seminoma, lung tumors, and melanoma of low invasiveness, no detectable levels have been detected in thyroid and breast carcinomas, astrocytomas, and invasive melanomas. In breast tumors these findings were confirmed by paired, Northern blot analysis of RNA preparations from normal and transformed tissue. The present results demonstrate that the c-kit receptor plays a role in the development of a larger spectrum of cell lineages. Furthermore, on the basis of the transformation associated changes, we speculate that, while in some cell types, c-kit expression positively regulates mitogenesis and is selected for in neoplastic transformation, in other tissues the c-kit pathway is involved in morphogenesis and differentiation and is, therefore, negatively selected in the course of tumor progression.
Effects of extracellular ATP on ion transport systems and [Ca2+]i in rat parotid acinar cells. Comparison with the muscarinic agonist carbachol. (1990)

The effects of extracellular ATP on ion fluxes and the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were examined using a suspension of rat parotid acinar cells and were contrasted with the effects of the muscarinic agonist carbachol. Although ATP and carbachol both rapidly increased [Ca2+]i about threefold above the resting level (200-250 nM), the effect of ATP was due primarily to an influx of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane, while the initial response to carbachol was due to a release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Within 10 s, ATP (1 mM) and carbachol (20 microM) reduced the cellular Cl- content by 39-50% and cell volume by 15-25%. Both stimuli reduced the cytosolic K+ content by 57-65%, but there were marked differences in the rate and pattern of net K+ movement as well as the effects of K+ channel inhibitors on the effluxes initiated by the two stimuli. The maximum rate of the ATP-stimulated K+ efflux (approximately 2,200 nmol K+/mg protein per min) was about two-thirds that of the carbachol-initiated efflux rate, and was reduced by approximately 30% (vs. 60% for the carbachol-stimulated K+ efflux) by TEA (tetraethylammonium), an inhibitor of the large conductance (BK) K+ channel. Charybdotoxin, another K+ channel blocker, was markedly more effective than TEA on the effects of both agonists, and reduced the rate of K+ efflux initiated by both ATP and carbachol by approximately 80%. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ reduced the ATP- and the carbachol-stimulated rates of K+ efflux by 55 and 17%, respectively. The rate of K+ efflux initiated by either agonist was reduced by 78-95% in cells that were loaded with BAPTA to slow the elevation of [Ca2+]i. These results indicated that ATP and carbachol stimulated the efflux of K+ through multiple types of K(+)-permeable channels, and demonstrated that the relative proportion of efflux through the different pathways was different for the two stimuli. ATP and carbachol also stimulated the rapid entry of Na+ into the parotid cell, and elevated the intracellular Na+ content to 4.4 and 2.6 times the normal level, respectively. The rate of Na+ entry through Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport and Na(+)-H+ exchange was similar whether stimulated by ATP, carbachol, or ionomycin, and uptake through these two carrier-mediated transporters accounted for 50% of the ATP-promoted Na+ influx. The remainder may be due to a nonselective cation channel and an ATP-gated cation channel that is also permeable to Ca2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Uracil influences quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fluorouracil is an antagonist (2008)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ubiquitous, opportunistic pathogen whose biofilms are notoriously difficult to control. Here we discover uracil influences all three known quorum-sensing (QS) pathways of P. aeruginosa. By screening 5850 transposon mutants for altered biofilm formation, we identified seven uracil-related mutations that abolished biofilm formation. Whole-transcriptome studies showed the uracil mutations (e.g. pyrF that catalyses the last step in uridine monophosphate synthesis) alter the regulation of all three QS pathways [LasR-, RhlR- and 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS)-related regulons]; addition of extracellular uracil restored global wild-type regulation. Phenotypic studies confirmed uracil influences the LasR (elastase), RhlR (pyocyanin, rhamnolipids), PQS and swarming regulons. Our results also demonstrate uracil influences virulence (the pyrF mutant was less virulent to barley). Additionally, we found an anticancer uracil analogue, 5-fluorouracil, that repressed biofilm formation, abolished QS phenotypes and reduced virulence. Hence, we have identified a central regulator of an important pathogen and a potential novel class of efficacious drugs for controlling cellular behaviour (e.g. biofilm formation and virulence).
Low Complexity Zero-Forcing Precoder Design for MISO Broadcast Channels Under Per-Antenna Power Constraints (2016)

안테나 당 전력 제한 조건을 갖는 K 사용자 다중-입력 단일-출력 브로드캐스트 채널을 고려한다. 즉, 각각의 송신 안테나가 개별적인 전력 제한 조건을 만족해야한다. 송신 안테나 수 M이 K보다 클 때의 저복잡도 제로포싱 프리코더를 제안한다. 제안하는 프리코더 설계기법은 최적 제로포싱 프리코더가 달성하는 합 전송률에 근접하는 전송률을 달성하며 동시에 프리코더 설계의 복잡도를 현저히 감소시킬 수 있다. The K-user multiple-input single-output broadcast channel is considered under per-antenna power constraints, i. e., each transmit antenna must satisfy its own power constraints. A low complexity zeroforcing(ZF) precoder is proposed when the number of transmit antennas M is greater than K. The proposed precoder design significantly reduces computational complexity for the precoder construction while attaining the sum spectral efficiency close to that achievable by the optimal ZF precoder.
Removal of artificial sweeteners and their effects on microbial communities in sequencing batch reactors (2018)

Concern is growing over contamination of the environment with artificial sweeteners (ASWs) because of their widespread existence in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To evaluate ASWs removal and the effect on activated sludge, acesulfame (ACE), sucralose (SUC), cyclamate (CYC) and saccharin (SAC) were introduced individually or in mixture to sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) in environmentally relevant concentrations (100 ppb) for 100 days. Comparisons between ACE removal in a full-scale WWTP and in lab-scale SBRs were conducted. Results showed that CYC and SAC were completely removed, whereas SUC was persistent. However, ACE removal in lab-scale SBRs was significantly greater than in the full-scale WWTP. In SBRs, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removal appeared unchanged after adding ASWs (p > 0.05). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride-dehydrogenase activity (TTC-DHA) declined significantly (p < 0.05). The mixed ASWs had more evident effects than the individual ASWs. Microbial community analyses revealed that Proteobacteria decreased obviously, while Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria were enriched with the addition of ASWs. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicated ACE had a greater impact on activated sludge than the other ASWs.
Session management for accountability in distributed multimedia services (2009)

Internet-based multimedia applications (e.g., voice-over-IP, instant messaging, and video conferencing) are continuing to grow in importance as more people depend on such applications for personal and professional communications. Although performance is almost always a concern with multimedia systems that must satisfy quality-of-service (QoS) constraints, security is also a major requirement given the increasing criticality of such applications. For example, businesses might depend on Internet telephony to reach customers while governments might depend on video streaming to disseminate information. For distributed multimedia services, in addition to the traditional security properties (confidentiality, integrity, and availability), accountability is also important to complement perimeter defenses. Accounting for user actions within the system enables the development of higher-level security services.
Modulation of muramyl dipeptide stimulation of cytokine production by blood components (2009)

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is the minimal active fragment of peptidoglycan of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, with potential beneficial effects as a vaccine adjuvant. Peptidoglycans and MDP are recognized by the intracellular receptor NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2), leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, it is shown that, despite stimulatory effects on isolated human mononuclear cells, MDP does not stimulate production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta or interleukin-6 in a whole-blood assay. However, MDP retains synergistic effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokines in whole blood. Screening tests of NOD2 function based on whole-blood stimulation should therefore employ strategies based on the synergistic effects of MDP on Toll-like receptor-induced cytokine production. Plasma was not responsible for the inhibition of MDP in whole blood. The inhibition of MDP stimulation was dependent upon cellular components, with erythrocyte-derived haemoglobin and neutrophils collaborating in the inhibition of MDP effects in whole blood.
Re-entrainment of small aggregate particles from a plane surface by air stream. (1980)

A basic study of re-entrainment of dust particles from collecting media of dust collectors by air stream has been made. It is pointed out in the analysis of the re-entrainment mechanism that the bending stress induced by drag plays an important role and that the critical diameter of particle to be re-entrained is proportional to -2/3 power of velocity gradient. It is suggested from experiment that aggregate particles, once collected on the collecting media, are fairly stable in usual operation of dust collectors where velocity gradient is not so large.
Theorie und Umsetzung der Projektmethode in bautechnischen Ausbildungsberufen (2021)

Historische Aspekte sowie die Theorie und Umsetzung der Projektmethode in bautechnischen Ausbildungsberufen werden dargestellt und reflektiert.
Hepatic Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (1991)

The utility of gadolinium-enhanced ultrafast MR imaging in the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver was assessed in one patient. Contrast-enhanced serial snapshot-FLASH with a frequency of 30 images/min demonstrated the typical hemodynamic appearance of FNH known from CT studies.