gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Immobilization Devices on Contact Pressures of the Ankle and Hindfoot (2019)

Category: Ankle, Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The tall Controlled Ankle Motion (CAM) boot and the short CAM boot are commonly used devices to immobilize the foot and ankle. These devices are preferably used instead of casts and splints as they are easily removed, allowing possible wound examination, personal hygiene, and therapeutic exercises. However, the effect of these devices on joint contact pressures is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the tall CAM boot and short CAM boot on contact pressures of the ankle, subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints. We hypothesize that both the tall CAM boot and short CAM boot will reduce contact pressures of the ankle and hindfoot joints, with the tall CAM boot having the greatest effect. Methods: Eight lower extremity cadaver specimens were mounted on a servohydraulic test frame. The specimens were loaded to 700 N at a cyclical frequency of 1 Hz with the posterior tibial, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and Achilles tendon physiologically tensioned. TekScan (TekScan, Boston, MA) pressure sensors were placed in the ankle, subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints. In the sagittal plane, the specimens were loaded on a neutral surface, followed by 20o of dorsiflexion. Each specimen served as its own control, with contact pressures measured with no immobilization (control), followed by placement in a short CAM boot and tall CAM boot. In addition, contact pressures in the immobilized limbs were measured at muscle loads both equal to and half of the load applied to the control in order to account for decreased muscle activation during immobilization. Results: There was no difference in the average and peak contact pressures of the ankle, subtalar, talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints when comparing the short CAM boot to no immobilization at equal tendon loads. The tall CAM boot significantly decreased average and peak contact pressures of the ankle, subtalar, and talonavicular joints when compared to no immobilization. The reduction in contact pressures was accentuated when the load applied to the tendons was decreased in accordance with diminished muscle activation during immobilization. Neither immobilization device decreased the contact pressures of the calcaneocuboid joint at equal tendon loads. Conclusion: Immobilization in a tall CAM boot decreases contact pressures of the ankle and hindfoot in both a neutral position and in dorsiflexion. A tall CAM boot should be used clinically if the goal of its use is to maximally reduce contact pressures of the ankle and hindfoot.
Perturbation analysis of facilitated mass transport through batch liquid membranes (1992)

The general equations describing facilitated mass transport of metal ions through batch liquid membranes are non-linear and demand complex numerical solution procedures. The authors show that under certain conditions the problem can be cast in a moving boundary formalism and they present the associated transport equations. By exploiting the smallness of a parameter naturally appearing in these equations, they derive a perturbation solution to the problem. Their analytical solution, which contains no fitted parameters, correctly displays all the qualitative features of available experimental data. Furthermore, it provides an easy calculation of the asymptotic limit to the transport rate computed from the general equations. They conclude by showing that the perturbation technique is versatile enough to handle an arbitrary form of the rate expression for the metal-organic complexation reaction, which is the primary source of non-linearity in the general governing equations.
Introducing Wpt (Waypoint): A color equivalency representation for defining a material adjustment transform (2014)

Abstract The basis of this research is the manipulation of sensor excitation values to account for differences in observer or illuminant when spectral data are unknown. This touches on several related topics: color constancy, chromatic adaptation, and white balancing. The central premise is that these concepts make use of some form of intermediate color equivalency representation or waypoint system that makes comparison and color transformations possible. Differences between these concepts are related to the kind of color equivalency representation system used and how transformations are made into and out of it. A new sensor excitation normalization method was derived that has been optimized to predict changes in material color as Wpt (pronounced Waypoint ) coordinates, which can be used to form a material adjustment transform. The prediction of such changes is also known as least dissimilar color matching. This is contrasted with a chromatic adaptation transform, which is optimized to predict corresponding color changes. As such a distinction is made between adaptation (which is based on corresponding color) and adjustment (which is based on other criteria). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 535–549, 2015
Botulinum toxin: Jaký je jeho význam při léčbě dolních cestmočových? (2009)

cilem prace je popsat reakce probihajici při aplikaci
botulotoxinu, strukturu tohoto toxinu a jeho ucinek na funkci
dolnich cest mocových
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of High Carbon Materials from Acetylenic Precursors. Preparation of Aromatic Monomers Bearing Multiple Ethynyl Groups. (1988)

Abstract The dihaloarenes (I) are coupled with trimethylsilylacetylene (II) in the presence of Pd(0)‐catalysts to form the bis(silylethynyl) derivatives (III) which are deprotected with methanolic KOH, yielding the desilylated compounds (IV).
An Improved and Efficient Process for the Preparation of Tofacitinib Citrate (2014)

The present invention is related to a simple and efficient process for the preparation of tofacitinib citrate 1, a Pfizer molecule approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The process relies upon an improved process for the preparation of a key intermediate (3R,4R)-(1-benzyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)methylamine as tartarate salt 3 and its simple and impurity-free conversion to tofacitinib citrate 1. The current invention is aimed at addressing process development issues related to quality and yields. The disclosed process is capable of delivering much higher yield compared to the prior state-of-the-art process and is able to yield very highly pure compound.
Synthesis of the Aziridinomitosene Skeleton by Intramolecular Michael Addition of α-Lithioaziridines:  An Aromatic Route Featuring Deuterium as a Removable Blocking Group (2004)

A convergent synthetic route to the 1,2-aziridinopyrrolo(1,2-a)indole 34 has been developed. Key features of this route include the deuterium kinetic isotope effect to block undesired indole lithiation during tin-lithium exchange from 27a to 30a, the intramolecular Michael addition to generate the enolate 31a, and conversion into 34 by trapping with phenylselenenyl chloride. Reductive cleavage of the N-trityl group in 34 allows access to tetracyclic aziridinomitosenes containing the aziridine N-H subunit. Reduction of the C(9) ester in 34 with LAH gives the primary alcohol 35 with the correct C(9), C(9a), C(10) oxidation state corresponding to the aziridinomitosenes, and deprotection of 34 affords 37.
Development of Pt/MgO(100) Buffer Layers for Orientation Control of Perovskite Oxide Thin Films (2008)

(100)-oriented MgO thin films can be effectively grown at a substrate temperature of room temperature (RT) on Fe seed layers by the facing-targets sputtering (FTS) method. Pt(100) orientation was observed when the Pt layer was deposited on MgO(100)/Fe buffer layers at a substrate temperature above 350 °C. Pt thin films can be grown effectively with (100) orientation and with smaller strain when they are prepared at a substrate temperature above 500 °C. Also, Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin films with (100) preferential orientation can be grown on Pt(100)/MgO(100)/Fe buffer layers when Pt and BST films are deposited at a substrate temperature of 500 °C. Pt(100)/MgO(100)/Fe buffer layers are very effective for attaining BST(100) orientation.
Lehrinhalte in technischer Chemie (2015)

Abstract Mit neuen Prozessen und veränderten Rohstoffen haben sich in den letzten Jahren auch die Aufgaben von Chemikern in der Industrie verändert. Daher hat die Dechema ihre Empfehlungen für die Lehre in technischer Chemie an Hochschulen überarbeitet und zusammengestellt, welches Prozesswissen heute alle Chemiker brauchen.
Improving the stability of organic light-emitting devices by using a hole-injection-tunable-anode-buffer-layer (2007)

Introducing a hole-injection-tunable-anode-buffer-layer (HITABL) at the indium tin oxide anode contact of an organic light-emitting device can finely tune hole injection to establish proper charge balance, thus remarkably improves its operational stability. The HITABL consists of two sublayers: (i) an ∼2.5nm thick metal (e.g., Ca, Mg, or Ag) sublayer and (ii) an ∼10nm thick tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) doped N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine sublayer. Hole injection can be tuned by changing (i) the metal in the first sublayer and/or (ii) the concentration of the F4TCNQ dopant in the second sublayer. The choice of the metal used in the first sublayer and/or the concentration of F4TCNQ in the second sublayer affect the hole-injection efficiency. Therefore, by using the HITABL, one can make the necessary diminutive adjustments to the hole injection of a device and achieve proper charge balance, resulting in a significant improvement in operational stability.
Multi-Threshold Inertial Switch for Quantitative Acceleration Measurements (2021)

This paper presents a multi-threshold inertial switch demonstrated experimentally and through simulation. A laterally-driven multi-threshold inertial switch based on SOIMUMPs has been fabricated. The device has been tested by a drop-table test system under different shock accelerations with various amplitudes and pulse widths. In addition to experimental data, finite element simulation has been used to further assess the device’s performance. The designed switch is a 2-axis device capable of triggering in all directions in a single plane. This work demonstrates that the designed inertial switch with 3 threshold levels can perform quantitative acceleration measurements while saving power when not activated. The multi-threshold inertial switch can sense a shock range of 800g–2600g. The same device principle can be extended for a higher number of bits. The axial disturbance performance shows that the inertial switch has high single-axial sensitivity and low axial cross-talk.
Prevalence, disease associations and risk factors for colonization with intestinal spirochaetes (Brachyspiraspp.) in flocks of laying hens in north-eastern Italy (2008)

The present study investigated the occurrence of anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes of the genus Brachyspira in laying hen flocks in Treviso province, north-eastern Italy, with respect to prevalence, spirochaete species present, disease associations and risk factors for colonization. A total of 450 faecal samples from 45 sheds on 29 laying hen farms were cultured for intestinal spirochaetes. Nineteen sheds on 12 farms contained chickens with symptoms consistent with avian intestinal spirochaetosis, including reduced egg production, wet litter and/or pasty vents. Spirochaetes were isolated from 157 (34.8%) samples from 21 (72.4%) farms, and from 32 (71.1%) sheds. From these positive samples, 189 spirochaetal isolates were speciated using three polymerase chain reaction assays and a restriction fragment polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction products. Overall, 52 (27.5%) isolates were identified as pathogenic Brachyspira intermedia, 26 (13.8%) as pathogenic Brachyspira pilosicoli, 93 (49.7%) as non-pathogenic (Brachyspira innocens/Brachyspira murdochii), and 18 (9.6%) were unidentified. Faeces from 14 sheds (31%) on 10 farms (34.5%) contained B. intermedia and/or B. pilosicoli, and disease consistent with avian intestinal spirochaetosis was observed in nine of these sheds on seven farms. There was a significant association (P=0.042) between the presence of spirochaetes and using deep pits rather than conveyor belts for manure disposal. Sheds housing chickens >40 weeks of age were significantly more likely to contain spirochaetes (P=0.048) and pathogenic species (P=007) than sheds housing younger chickens. A significant association (P=0.02) was found between infection with pathogenic spirochaetes and reduced egg production.
Combinatorial Analysis of Growth Factors Reveals the Contribution of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Periosteal Cells (2016)

Successful application of cell-based strategies in cartilage and bone tissue engineering has been hampered by the lack of robust protocols to efficiently differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into the chondrogenic lineage. The development of chemically defined culture media supplemented with growth factors (GFs) has been proposed as a way to overcome this limitation. In this work, we applied a fractional design of experiment (DoE) strategy to screen the effect of multiple GFs (BMP2, BMP6, GDF5, TGF-β1, and FGF2) on chondrogenic differentiation of human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDCs) in vitro. In a micromass culture (μMass) system, BMP2 had a positive effect on glycosaminoglycan deposition at day 7 (p < 0.001), which in combination with BMP6 synergistically enhanced cartilage-like tissue formation that displayed in vitro mineralization capacity at day 14 (p < 0.001). Gene expression of μMasses cultured for 7 days with a medium formulation supplemented with 100 ng/mL of BMP2 and BMP6 and a low concentration of GDF5, TGF-β1, and FGF2 showed increased expression of Sox9 (1.7-fold) and the matrix molecules aggrecan (7-fold increase) and COL2A1 (40-fold increase) compared to nonstimulated control μMasses. The DoE analysis indicated that in GF combinations, BMP2 was the strongest effector for chondrogenic differentiation of hPDCs. When transplanted ectopically in nude mice, the in vitro-differentiated μMasses showed maintenance of the cartilaginous phenotype after 4 weeks in vivo. This study indicates the power of using the DoE approach for the creation of new medium formulations for skeletal tissue engineering approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Alcohols on Kinetics of Substitution at cis‐Bis(pyridine)tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0). (1986)

Abstract The kinetics of the reactions shown are investigated for the solvent media toluene/1‐butanol, hexane/2‐propanol, and two microemulsions.
Part 1: Roadside Safety Design: Developing Guidelines for Median Barrier Installation: Benefit-Cost Analysis with Texas Data (2005)

Guidelines for the installation of median barriers presented in the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide have remained essentially unchanged for more than 30 years. In recent years, the need for improved guidance has prompted several states to reevaluate their guidelines and has also precipitated a nationwide research project administered by the Transportation Research Board. The objective of the study, on which this paper is based, was to develop improved guidelines for the use of median barriers on new and existing high-speed, multilane, divided highways in Texas. The purpose here is to present some modeling and benefit-cost analysis results from that study, with a focus on the results from a particular data set developed under a cross-sectional with-without study design. The highways of interest are those classified as Interstates, freeways, and expressways with four or more lanes and posted speed limits of 55 mph (88 km/h) or higher. The models employed to estimate median-related crash frequencies and severit...
TNF-α Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages by Inducing the Production of RANTES and Decreasing C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) Expression (1999)

Abstract The pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection is influenced by the immunoregulatory responses of the host. Macrophages present in the lymphoid tissue are susceptible to infection with HIV-1, but are relatively resistant to its cytopathic effects and serve as a reservoir for the virus during the course of disease. Previous investigators have demonstrated that increased serum levels of TNF-α contribute to the clinical symptoms of AIDS and that TNF-α stimulates the production of HIV-1 in chronically infected lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines by increasing HIV-1 gene expression. Although previous studies have suggested that TNF-α may increase HIV-1 infection of primary human mononuclear cells, some recent studies have indicated that TNF-α suppresses HIV-1 infection of macrophages. We now demonstrate that TNF-α suppresses HIV-1 replication in freshly infected peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) in a dose-dependent manner. As TNF-α has been shown to increase the production of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR5)-binding chemokines under certain circumstances, we hypothesized that TNF-α inhibits HIV-1 replication by increasing the expression of these HIV-suppressive factors. We now show that TNF-α treatment of PBM and AM increases the production of the C-C chemokine, RANTES. Immunodepletion of RANTES alone or in combination with macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and -1β block the ability of TNF-α to suppress viral replication in PBM and AM. In addition, we found that TNF-α treatment reduces CCR5 expression on PBM and AM. These findings suggest that TNF-α plays a significant role in inhibiting monocytotropic strains of HIV-1 by two distinct, but complementary, mechanisms.
Removal of 132-pound ovarian mucinous cystadenoma: A case report (2020)

Ovarian masses larger than 100 pounds are rarely encountered in developed countries given advancements in early diagnosis and treatment. Their successful resections pose unique surgical and anesthetic challenges. An otherwise healthy 38-year-old para 1 woman developed a 50 × 60 cm pelvic mass. An exploratory laparotomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy and anterior abdominal wall reconstruction were performed. A total of 60 L of cystic fluid were drained. Close monitoring of hemodynamics and massive volume resuscitation required intensive care. Inpatient physical rehabilitation reinstated independent mobility. Final pathology revealed benign ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. A multidisciplinary approach in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stages of management optimizes patient outcomes.
Osteoactivin Induces Transdifferentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts Into Osteoblasts (2013)

Osteoactivin (OA) is a novel osteogenic factor important for osteoblast differentiation and function. Previous studies showed that OA stimulates matrix mineralization and transcription of osteoblast specific genes required for differentiation. OA plays a role in wound healing and its expression was shown to increase in post fracture calluses. OA expression was reported in muscle as OA is upregulated in cases of denervation and unloading stress. The regulatory mechanisms of OA in muscle and bone have not yet been determined. In this study, we examined whether OA plays a role in transdifferentiation of C2C12 myoblast into osteoblasts. Infected C2C12 with a retroviral vector overexpressing OA under the CMV promoter were able to transdifferentiate from myoblasts into osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that skeletal muscle marker MF-20 was severely downregulated in cells overexpressing OA and contained significantly less myotubes compared to uninfected control. C2C12 myoblasts overexpressing OA showed an increase in expression of bone specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining, and also showed an increase in Runx2 protein expression. We also detected increased levels of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in C2C12 myoblasts overexpressing OA compared to control. Taken together, our results suggest that OA is able to induce transdifferentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts through increasing levels of phosphorylated FAK.
Influence of Different Post-Plasma Treatment Storage Conditions on the Shear Bond Strength of Veneering Porcelain to Zirconia (2016)

This <i>in vitro</i> study investigated whether different storage conditions of plasma-treated zirconia specimens affect the shear bond strength of veneering porcelain. Zirconia plates were treated with a non-thermal atmospheric argon plasma (200 W, 600 s). Porcelain veneering (2.38 mm in diameter) was performed immediately (P-I) or after 24 h storage in water (P-W) or air (P-A) on the treated surfaces (<i>n</i> = 10). Untreated plates were used as the control. Each group was further divided into two subgroups according to the application of a ceramic liner. All veneered specimens underwent a shear bond strength (SBS) test. In the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the oxygen/carbon ratios of the plasma-treated groups increased in comparison with those of the control group. When a liner was not used, the three plasma-treated groups showed significantly higher SBS values than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001), although group P-A exhibited a significantly lower value than the other two groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The liner application negatively affected bonding in groups P-I and P-W (<i>p</i> < 0.05). When the veneering step was delayed after plasma treatment of zirconia, storage of the specimens in water was effective in maintaining the cleaned surfaces for optimal bonding with the veneering porcelain.
Overview of antenna problems and solutions for multi-Gb/s links (2009)

Fundamental limitations in link budgets for wireless indoor networks are considered for millimeter and THz frequencies. Single small antennas at those frequencies are a bottle neck due to the small absorption areas and the ensuing path loss. Although different for LOS links and links in diffuse surroundings, there are no theoretical limitations, if complexity is ignored. Complexity and power consumption may be reduced by using analog solutions where possible, and in the paper we focus on phase conjugation methods, specifically in retrodirective arrays. Considering power solutions only, mimicking optical networks, we call attention to an array of rectennas.