gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Transient Voltage Compensator Design for VR Load Line Improvement (2006)

Active transient voltage compensator (ATVC), only engaged in transient periods, was proposed to improve the VR load line and main VR can be optimized design with better efficiency which mainly handles the dc current. ATVC has reduced switching and conduction losses in extra converter due to the introduction of a transformer and it can also reduce the number of VR capacitors for required voltage tolerance. The compensation network delay times deteriorate the second voltage spike at high slew rate transient, especially in the high bandwidth controller. In this paper, combination of linear and adaptive nonlinear control is used to reduce the delay times of the compensation network. Finally a prototype of 3-Ch VR + ATVC was carried out on Intel motherboard and detailed experimental results are given.
Live@Dublin > delayed@Tampere (2009)

Video has gone extremely mobile, even in real-time. Mobile phones with video capabilities and internet connection played significant roles in causing this outcome. In this video presentation I talk about a study called “Live@Dublin -- Mobile Phone Live Video Group Communication Experiment,” the results of which were presented for the first time at the EuroiTV 2008 Conference in Salzburg. The study was done to better understand the possibilities of live video in the area of everyday group communication. I discuss the Live@Dublin experiment in a video which I recorded in Tampere, Finland. By producing the video in a mobile context, with a portable video camera and via the “alone-at-night method”, I wanted to bring out the most important questions about mobile video communication, so that everyone could also fill in between the lines. There are many possibilities but also many challenges before mobile phone live video becomes really main stream. On the basis of our studies, I discuss roles in video communication and preferences for live or delayed video. I strongly believe that mobile phone live video will become an important communication method in the future because people always carry mobile phones with them and because their use enriches and enhances the context. Physical limitations of time and space are also diminishing in everyday interactions.
Visual and Quantitative Assessment of a New Anisotropic Diffusion Filter (Statistical Transfer with Optimizing Noise and Edge Sensing) for Positron Emission Tomography (2017)

Post-filtering with a Gaussian filter is commonly used to reduce noise in positron emission tomography (PET) images. However, its non-selective smoothing obscures the edges of lesions or organs. We compared the performance of a newly developed anisotropic diffusion filter called “Statistical Transfer with Optimizing Noise and Edge Sensing” (STONES) with that of the Gaussian filter for small lesions on PET images. We selected seven PET/computed tomography (CT) image slices of the lungs from three patients with multiple lung metastases. For each slice, the lesion detection rates by two physicians (A and B) were compared for Gaussian- and STONES-filtered PET images. The maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) values of the detected lesions were also compared for non-, Gaussian-, and STONES-filtered images. Physician A detected 19 lesions in the Gaussian-filtered images and 23 lesions in the STONES-filtered images, while Physician B detected 14 lesions in the Gaussian-filtered images and 19 lesions in the STONES-filtered images. SUVmax for the STONES-filtered images was significantly higher and closer to that of the non-filtered images compared to those for the Gaussian-filtered images. STONES improved the detection rate and increased SUVmax in comparison with Gaussian filter. Thus, it should be more advantageous for the detection of small lesions with PET.
Figure S1 from Spatial Mapping and Immunomodulatory Role of the OX40/OX40L Pathway in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1&lt;/p&gt;
On a New Outlier Rejection Technique (2007)

This paper presents a novel approach to reject outliers based on parametric measurements, namely quiescent current and IC speed estimates. Unlike the existing multi-parameter or I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DDQ</sub> -based techniques which use additional measurements to estimate the expected healthy I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DDQ</sub> response, the authors focus on the variance to reject outliers. The authors take advantage of the correlation between the two types of measurements and of the fact that speed estimate measurements are more reliable than leakage ones in order to evaluate the acceptable current variation level. For that, the authors derive approximate variance equations from basic current and delay equations. Using these variance equations, the authors are able to identify current variations that cannot be justified by normal process variations, based on simple outlier rejection criteria. This approach is developed to be used as a pre-processing tool to other post-processing techniques. Results are promising.
CD control with effective exposure dose monitor technique in photolithography (2002)

We have established the effective dose metrology using a dose monitor mark named the effective dose-meter that has no focus response. By arranging the effective dose-meter onto scribe line in a device reticle, the in-line monitor of effective dose on product has been realized. The effective dose-meter was designed to monitor effective dose as a resist line length whose dimension is detectable with an optical measurement tool. The design is considered not to impact on both reticle fabrication and wafer processing. By monitoring the effective dose-meter, the contribution of effective dose error to critical dimension variation could be obtained independently with focus error. Dose budget analysis from in-line effective dose monitor made clear the current process ability with respect to reticle linewidth variation and resist processing uniformity. This paper describes the mark design, and the analysis result of in- line effective dose monitor in device fabrication with KrF lithography.
Thermal performance of PEG-MWCNTs composites as shape-stabilised phase change materials for thermal energy storage (2021)

The development of phase change materials (PCM) for thermal energy storage is a promising technology. However, the liquid PCM leaks and low thermal conductivity limit the practical PCM applications. This article aims to solve these problems; it presents the preparation and thermal characterisation of PCM enhanced by carbon-based nanoparticles. The polyethene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) is used as PCM and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a shell matrix and thermal conductivity enhancer. The sample was prepared by the sonification method under vacuum conditions. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) tested the chemical and thermal compatibility of the prepared samples. The storage performances are tested by modulated differential scanning calorimetry characterisation. The nano-enhanced-PCM (NPCM) with 1 wt% MWCNTs showed excellent shape stability without any liquid leakage when the temperature was about 110 °C for 30 minutes. Drying method has a significant effect on the thermal storage capacity of the NPCM. The melting, solidification points and the latent heats of the NPCM were measured as 61.75, 35.50 °C, and 174.24, 167.84 J g−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the specific heat is 2.63 J g−1°C−1 for the solid-state and 2.14 J g−1°C−1 for the liquid-state. The thermal conductivity of pristine PEG was improved by 49%.HighlightsPEG-MWCNTs shape-stabilised phase change materials were prepared through ultrasound-assisted vacuum method for efficient thermal energy storage.The thermophysical properties and thermal stability of the proposed NPCM has been analysed and discussed.The drying method highly influences the phase change temperatures and latent heats of the prepared NPCM.PEG adsorption into MWCNTs reached 99 wt% without leakage, and 1 wt% of MWCNTs enhanced the thermal conductivity by 49% and maintained good latent heat of 175 J g−1.The developed NPCM is an excellent potential candidate for electronic devices cooling applications.
Parametric Modeling of Radiation Patterns and Scattering Parameters of Antennas (2016)

This paper describes a data-driven method to model the radiation patterns (over a large angular region) and scattering parameters of antennas as a function of the geometry of the antenna. The radiation pattern model consists of a linear combination of characteristic basis function patterns (CBFPs), where the expansion coefficients of the CBFPs are the functions of geometrical features of the antenna. Scattering parameters are modeled by means of parameterized state-space matrices. The obtained models are quick to evaluate and are thus suitable for design activities where multiple simulations are required. The proposed method is validated through illustrative examples.
Grey matter volume in a large cohort of MS patients: relation to MRI parameters and disability (2011)

Our findings show that grey matter volume is lower in secondary-progressive than in relapsing-remitting disease. Grey matter volume explained physical and cognitive impairment better than white matter volume, and is itself associated with T2 and T1 lesion volume.
Microfluidic chemical reaction circuits (2023)

New microfluidic devices, useful for carrying out chemical reactions, are provided. The devices are adapted for on-chip solvent exchange, chemical processes requiring multiple chemical reactions, and rapid concentration of reagents.
Prediction based framework for vehicle platooning using vehicular communications (2017)

One of the major advantages of V2V communication for vehicle platooning system is the low latency of message transfer between the vehicles as compared to the recognition by the sensor systems. The low latency allows the following vehicles to predict the trajectory of leading vehicle and plan the required control actions in a very short time. In addition, V2V can be effectively used in scenarios where the information from vision sensors in unavailable or limited due to field-of-view or unsuitable weather conditions. In this paper, we present such a vehicle platooning system that relies only on V2V communication, without use of vision sensors. We also evaluate the effect of communication latency and reliability on the performance of the system. Vehicle tests using prototype hardware for 5G-V2X and 802.11p communications show the effectiveness of the approach.
T2*-Weighted and Arterial Spin Labeling MRI of Calf Muscles in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome: Preliminary Experience (2009)

After calf muscle exercise, no statistically significant differences in T2* relaxation times or arterial spin labeling signal, indicative of differences in muscle oxygenation and perfusion status, were found between patients with chronic exertional compartment syndrome and control subjects.
Effects of Calcium Buffers and Temperature on the &beta;-Receptor-Mediated Regulation of the Slowly Activating Potassium Current (l<sub>KS</sub>) in Guinea Pig Cardiac Myocytes (1994)

The slowly activating potassium current, termed Iks [1], was measured in guinea pig ventricular myocytes with the whole-cell patch clamp configuration. With low concentrations of Ca2+ buffer (0.1 mM EGTA or BAPTA) in the recording pipette, a temperature increase from 21 to 31°C dramatically accelerated activation of Iks· Isoproterenol increased Iks under such conditions 2- to 3-fold at both temperatures. With high internal Ca buffer concentrations (EGTA or BAPTA ≧ 10 mM), Iks was regulated by isoproterenol at 31° C but not at 21°C. We conclude that β-receptor regulation of Iks is temperature and [Ca2+]i dependent. A mechanism consistent with the results is that Ca2+ and temperature increase the availability of subunits for channel formation and regulation by the β-adrenergic pathway.
Design and Analysis of a CPV Retrofit for Parabolic Trough Powerplants (2018)

Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems represent a well-established means to utilize high-efficiency multi-junction cells coupled to lower cost concentration systems to achieve low levelized cost of electricity. While specialized point-focus concentrating optics are commonly deployed for high CPV systems, significant cost reduction is possible if an existing primary optics platform could be exploited. Here, a secondary optical feature is developed that utilizes the existing primary optics of a parabolic trough type solar thermal powerplant and enhances its power output. A cost-optimized design with CPV receivers replacing the existing heat collection elements is analyzed with a concentration ratio of 94 suns and a designed focal width of 18 mm extending linearly along the trough axis. A heat transfer model is developed to predict cell performance using empirical relationships for efficiency for a SolAero multi-junction CPV cell. The results are then utilized to calculate a simple levelized cost of electricity for the proposed retrofit system. The secondary optics platform has been constructed with a small number of cells to evaluate performance and was installed on-sun at The University of Tulsa. On-sun efficiencies were measured at a peak of 13.5% while operating at ~70-90 suns and 90 °C. The retrofit shows a pathway to potential LCOE of less than $0.06/kWh by leveraging existing primary optics.
A DOUBLE COAXIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR DEPLOYMENT OF A TWO-STAGE STENT-GRAFT. An experimental feasibility study (2000)

Purpose: To design and test a delivery system for successive, rapid two-stage deployment of an aortic stent graft.



Material and Methods: An aortic stent graft was made that consisted of two separate parts. A delivery system composed of two independent coaxial mechanisms was fabricated and used to deploy the stages of the graft in dogs' aortas.



Results: Delivery was successful in all four dogs, and required less than 2 min in each animal.



Conclusion: The double coaxial delivery system enabled quick endovascular assembly of a two-stage aortic stent-graft.
Does bone measurement on the radius indicate skeletal status? Concise communication. (1984)

Single-photon (I-125) absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral content (BMC) of the distal third of the radius, and dual-photon absorptiometry (Gd-153) was used to measure total-body bone mineral (TBBM), as well as the BMC of major skeletal regions. Measurements were done in normal females, normal males, osteoporotic females, osteoporotic males, and renal patients. The BMC of the radius predicted TBBM well in normal subjects, but was less satisfactory in the patient groups. The spinal BMC was predicted with even lower accuracy from radius measurement. The error in predicting areal density (bone mass per unit projected skeletal area) of the lumbar and thoracic spine from the radius BMC divided by its width was smaller, but the regressions differed significantly among normals, osteoporotics, and renal patients. There was a preferential spinal osteopenia in the osteoporotic group and in about half of the renal patients. Bone measurements on the radius can indicate overall skeletal status in normal subjects and to a lesser degree in patients, but these radius measurements are inaccurate, even on the average, as an indicator of spinal state.
Effect of ultrasonic intensity and intervals of ultrasonic exposure on efficiency of sonochemiluminescence in gel phantom for sonodynamic therapy (2021)

Abstract Sonodynamic treatment (SDT) is one of the non-invasive modalities for cancer treatment. In SDT, ultrasound, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from cavitation bubbles, and a sonosensitizer are used in combination. In this study, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was employed as ultrasound to generate and oscillate cavitation bubbles. When cavitation bubbles oscillate and collapse, the gas inside the bubble is extremely compressed and heated, inducing ROS generation. The disadvantage of SDT is a long treatment time because of its smallness of a treatment region by a shot of HIFU. To overcome this, the effect of the intensity and interval of HIFU for oscillating cavitation bubbles was investigated by using luminol sonochemiluminescence and high-speed imaging. The results showed that a HIFU exposure sequence with an interval of 300 ms and a burst-wave intensity of 0.25 kW cm −2 improve the energy efficiency of ROS generation.
Degradation of Clopyralid by the Fenton Reaction (2013)

The degradation of clopyralid with the homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton process was carried out under mild reaction conditions in aqueous solution. A complete degradation of clopyralid was obtained with the homogeneous Fenton reaction. Therefore, the influence of several parameters such as the initial concentrations of the catalyst, clopyralid, and H2O2 as well as the initial pH value on the homogeneous reaction was investigated. Several reaction intermediates and end products could be identified and allowed one to propose a degradation pathway of clopyralid. The heterogeneous degradation of clopyralid could only be achieved in the presence of HCl. Under these conditions, iron ions were detected in the reaction suspension, which indicates that the reaction is not heterogeneously but rather homogeneously catalyzed.
Fast, robust, and accurate monocular peer-to-peer tracking for surgical navigation (2020)

The new peer-to-peer tracking concept is a valuable approach to a decentralized navigation system that offers more freedom in the operating room while providing accurate, fast, and robust results.
The cryptic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system of human basal ganglia (2021)

Human reproduction is controlled by ~2000 hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of additional ~150,000-200,000 GnRH-synthesizing cells in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain. Nearly all extrahypothalamic GnRH neurons expressed the cholinergic marker enzyme choline acetyltransferase. Similarly, hypothalamic GnRH neurons were also cholinergic both in embryonic and adult human brains. Whole-transcriptome analysis of cholinergic interneurons and medium spiny projection neurons laser-microdissected from the human putamen showed selective expression of <i>GNRH1</i> and <i>GNRHR1</i> autoreceptors in the cholinergic cell population and uncovered the detailed transcriptome profile and molecular connectome of these two cell types. Higher-order non-reproductive functions regulated by GnRH under physiological conditions in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain require clarification. The role and changes of GnRH/GnRHR1 signaling in neurodegenerative disorders affecting cholinergic neurocircuitries, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, need to be explored.
Sensitivity of Candida albicans Germ Tubes and Biofilms to Photofrin-Mediated Phototoxicity (2005)

Treatment of mucocutaneous and cutaneous Candida albicans infections with photosensitizing agents and light, termed photodynamic therapy (PDT), offers an alternative to conventional treatments. Initial studies using the clinically approved photosensitizer Photofrin demonstrated the susceptibility of C. albicans to its photodynamic effects. In the present study, we have further refined parameters for Photofrin-mediated photodynamic action against C. albicans and examined whether mechanisms commonly used by microorganisms to subvert either antimicrobial oxidative defenses or antimicrobial therapy, including biofilm formation, were operative. In buffer and defined medium, germ tubes preloaded with Photofrin retained their photosensitivity for up to 2 hours, indicating the absence of degradation or export of Photofrin by the organism. The addition of serum resulted in a gradual loss of photosensitivity over 2 hours. In contrast to an adaptive response by germ tubes to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide, there was no adaptive response to singlet oxygen-mediated stress by photodynamic action. C. albicans biofilms were sensitive to Photofrin-mediated phototoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, the metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilms following photodynamic insult was significantly lower than that of biofilms treated with amphotericin B for the same time period. These results demonstrate that several of the mechanisms microorganisms use to subvert either antimicrobial oxidative defenses or antimicrobial therapy are apparently not operative during Photofrin-mediated photodynamic treatment of C. albicans. These observations provide support and rationale for the continued investigation of PDT as an adjunctive, or possibly alternative, mode of therapy against cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Modal characteristics of acoustic signal fluctuations induced by shallow water internal waves (2002)

Measured internal waves from the Yellow Sea and the Massachusetts Bay are used as inputs into numerical simulation on acoustic fluctuations. It is shown that the fluctuations induced by large amplitude shallow-water internal waves strongly depend on receiver depth and distance, and exhibit anisotropy. Different acoustic modes have different sensitivities to internal waves. Both acoustic intensity and phase fluctuation spectra are different from the shallow-water IW spectrum, and become much broader. Individual acoustic mode fluctuations directly and clearly correspond to the characteristics of IWs. For shallow water with a strong thermocline, there is a group of acoustic modes, arrival time variation of which is more sensitive to IWs than others. Arrival time of the first mode is most stable.
Self Formed Cu‐W Functionally Graded Material Produced Via Powder Segregation (2007)

Copper – tungsten functionally graded material has been produced by Cu infiltration of a tungsten graded preform which is self formed through segregation effect in a weakly excited bimodal W granular media. Electrical and elastic properties of the final materials are strongly influenced by W microstructural evolution obtained during vibration. The optimal microstructure for electrical properties consists of a highly 3-D interconnected Cu phase (skeleton type of microstructure), while the graded structure has the highest E-modulus.
Transneuronal delivery of hyper-interleukin-6 enables functional recovery after severe spinal cord injury in mice (2021)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes severe and permanent disabilities due to the regenerative failure of severed axons. Here we report significant locomotor recovery of both hindlimbs after a complete spinal cord crush. This is achieved by the unilateral transduction of cortical motoneurons with an AAV expressing hyper-IL-6 (hIL-6), a potent designer cytokine stimulating JAK/STAT3 signaling and axon regeneration. We find collaterals of these AAV-transduced motoneurons projecting to serotonergic neurons in both sides of the raphe nuclei. Hence, the transduction of cortical neurons facilitates the axonal transport and release of hIL-6 at innervated neurons in the brain stem. Therefore, this transneuronal delivery of hIL-6 promotes the regeneration of corticospinal and raphespinal fibers after injury, with the latter being essential for hIL-6-induced functional recovery. Thus, transneuronal delivery enables regenerative stimulation of neurons in the deep brain stem that are otherwise challenging to access, yet highly relevant for functional recovery after SCI.