gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carboxyl Methyltransferases: Natural Functions and Potential Applications in Industrial Biotechnology (2020)

Abstract The use of methyltransferases (MTs) in industrial biotechnology to replace toxic alkylating agents is of increasing interest. Carboxyl MTs (CMTs) are a subgroup of MTs that methylate the hydroxyl oxygen of carboxylic acids. Research initially focussed on their natural functions in protein regulation and production of volatile methyl esters in plants. In this review we highlight this potentially valuable group of enzymes that show promise for formation of a wide range of structurally diverse methyl esters from the parent acids under aqueous conditions. CMTs have been used to generate intermediates for biofuels, bioplastics and pharmaceuticals. These biocatalysts could also be integrated into cascades with other enzymes such as acyltransferases that function under aqueous conditions. Recent approaches for regenerating the required cofactor S ‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) are discussed including in vitro recycling, improvement in in vivo production and the use of more stable analogues. Advances in these areas will further improve the potential to use carboxyl MTs in industrial biotechnology.
Nitric oxide reactivity of manganese, iron and cobalt tropocoronands and development of fluorescent aminotroponiminates for nitric oxide sensing (2000)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2000.
Characteristic Evaluation of the MEMS SiO2 Injector (2003)

In this study, the SiO2 micro injectors, the diameters of which were about 10∼1000 μm, were fabricated using MEMS technology. In order to inject minute liquid into a cell, the characteristics of micro channels were investigated. When minute liquid is driven by pressure, it turns out that the smaller the aspect ratio of the channel became and the less a flux became, the smaller pressure loss due to the friction became. Since the pressure loss of the injector with the diameter of 10 μm and the length of 25 mm at the flow rate of 1n 1/s was about 100 kPa, this injector can inject minute liquid by pressure. The stiffness of the injector was measured by the minute force measuring experiment. The fracture load is about 460 μN. Since this injector can be inserted into about 100 μm and 1 mm egg cells, it became clear that the fabricated injector had sufficient strength.
Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen by poly(viologen)-poly (sulfonate) complex coated on graphite electrodes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrocatalytic reduction of oxygen by poly(viologen)-poly (sulfonate) complex coated on graphite electrodesNoboru Oyama, Naoto Oki, Hiroyuki Ohno, Yukio Ohnuki, Hiroaki Matsuda, and Eishun TsuchidaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 19, 3642–3647Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100242a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100242a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pooled DNA Resequencing of 68 Myocardial Infarction Candidate Genes in French Canadians (2012)

We have optimized a strategy, applicable to all complex diseases and traits, to discover efficiently and cost-effectively DNA sequence variants in large populations. Resequencing endeavors to find low-frequency variants implicated in common human diseases are likely to require very large sample size.
Synthesis of Stable Ligand-free Gold–Palladium Nanoparticles Using a Simple Excess Anion Method (2012)

We report a convenient excess anion modification and post-reduction step to the impregnation method which permits the reproducible preparation of supported bimetallic AuPd nanoparticles having a tight particle size distribution comparable to that found for sol-immobilization materials but without the complication of ligands adsorbed on the particle surface. The advantageous features of the modified impregnation materials compared to those made by conventional impregnation include a smaller average particle size, an optimized random alloy composition, and improved compositional uniformity from particle-to-particle resulting in higher activity and stability compared to the catalysts prepared using both conventional impregnation and sol immobilization methods. Detailed STEM combined with EDX analyses of individual particles have revealed that an increase in anion concentration increases the gold content of individual particles in the resultant catalyst, thus providing a method to control/tune the composition of the nanoalloy particles. The improved activity and stability characteristics of these new catalysts are demonstrated using (i) the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide and (ii) the solvent-free aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol as case studies.
Development of an Ultrasonic Brake (2005)

In the present paper, a newly developed ultrasonic brake is proposed. The ultrasonic brake can solve problems of conventional passive elements, such as time delay, instability, and large size, by using unique characteristics of ultrasonic motor, as fast response, silent motion, and non-magnetic feature. It can also be desiged to be smaller than conventional elements due to is simple structure. The brake locks or releases the rotor by use of ultrasonic levitation phenomenon. First, we have designed the structure of the ultrasonic brake using an equation of ultrasonic levitation phenomenon, results from structural analysis and finite element (FE) analysis of piezoelectric material of the vibrator. Then we have manufactured the ultrasonic brake and have conducted a driving experiment. Finally, we have demonstrated that the maximum levitation force is around 40 N and the friction torque of the ultrasonic brake is up to 0.38 N·m. Moreover, we have confirmed that both response time and torque/inertia ratio of the ultrasonic brake are much more superior to the conventional ones.
Who Needs These Operators Anyway: Top Quality Planning with Operator Subset Criteria (2022)

Top-quality planning in general and quotient top-quality planning in particular deal with producing multiple high-quality plans while allowing for their efficient generation, skipping equivalent ones. Prior work has explored one equivalence relation, considering two plans to be equivalent if their operator multi-sets are equal. This allowed omitting plans that are reorderings of previously found ones. However, the resulting sets of plans were still large, in some domains even infinite. In this paper, we consider a different relation: two plans are related if one's operator multiset is a subset of the other's. We propose novel reformulations that forbid plans that are related to the given ones. While the new relation is not transitive and thus not an equivalence relation, we can define a new subset top-quality planning problem, with finite size solution sets. We formally prove that these solutions can be obtained by exploiting the proposed reformulations. Our empirical evaluation shows that solutions to the new problem can be found for more tasks than unordered top-quality planning solutions. Further, the results shows that the solution sizes significantly decrease, making the new approach more practical, particularly in domains with redundant operators.
Identification and Origin of N-Linked β-d-N-Acetylglucosamine Monosaccharide Modifications on Arabidopsis Proteins (2012)

Many plant proteins are modified with N-linked oligosaccharides at asparagine-X-serine/threonine sites during transit through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. We have identified a number of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) proteins with modifications consisting of an N-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine monosaccharide (N-GlcNAc). Electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry analysis of peptides bearing this modification mapped the modification to asparagine-X-serine/threonine sites on proteins that are predicted to transit through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. A mass labeling method was developed and used to study N-GlcNAc modification of two thioglucoside glucohydrolases (myrosinases), TGG1 and TGG2 (for thioglucoside glucohydrolase). These myrosinases are also modified with high-mannose (Man)-type glycans. We found that N-GlcNAc and high-Man-type glycans can occur at the same site. It has been hypothesized that N-GlcNAc modifications are generated when endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) cleaves N-linked glycans. We examined the effects of mutations affecting the two known Arabidopsis ENGases on N-GlcNAc modification of myrosinase and found that modification of TGG2 was greatly reduced in one of the single mutants and absent in the double mutant. Surprisingly, N-GlcNAc modification of TGG1 was not affected in any of the mutants. These data support the hypothesis that ENGases hydrolyze high-Man glycans to produce some of the N-GlcNAc modifications but also suggest that some N-GlcNAc modifications are generated by another mechanism. Since N-GlcNAc modification was detected at only one site on each myrosinase, the production of the N-GlcNAc modification may be regulated.
Receptor-like kinases and pathogen-associated molecular patterns perception in Arabidopsis (2006)

Comparable to the innate immune response in mammals and insects, plants possess highly specific and sensitive recognition systems for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as bacterial flagellin. In Arabidopsis, perception of flagellin occurs via recognition of the most conserved domain in its N-terminus, represented by the peptide flg22. Perception of this elicitor-active domain depends on the LRR receptor kinase FLS2. Here, using transcriptome analysis in Arabidopsis, we first present evidences that treatment with flg22, bacteria or avirulence proteins are similar, and that virulent bacteria are likely to suppress flg22-induced responses (Chapter 1). Second, we demonstrated that flagellin perception contributes to the basal resistance against bacteria, as fls2 mutants are more susceptible to bacterial infection, proving for the first time that perception of a single PAMP is sufficient to restrict bacterial growth (Chapter 2). This study also showed that PAMPs other than flagellin trigger resistance against virulent bacteria. Wild-type and fls2 mutants both display enhanced resistance when treated with crude bacterial extracts, even devoid of elicitor-active flagellin, indicating the existence of functional perception systems for PAMPs other than flagellin. One of these novel PAMPs was just identified as the elongation factor EF-Tu, and the corresponding active peptidic epitope identified (Appendix 1). FLS2 constituted so far the only PAMP receptor identified in Arabidopsis. Using ATH1 Affymetrix arrays, we identified about 1000 genes whose expression was induced 30 minutes after flg22 treatment (Chapter 2). Strikingly, among these induced genes there were 106 RLK out of the 610 RLK genes present in Arabidopsis. We hypothesize that the perception of a single PAMP (e.g. flg22) could enhance the sensitivity of the plant to microbial stimuli sensing the presence of invading microorganisms. In particular, some of the induced RLKs might be involved in the recognition of other PAMPs. We generated a collection of mutants for the induced LRR-RLKs to test the implication of the corresponding proteins in innate immune responses (Chapter 3.1). This approach led to the discovery of the EF-Tu receptor (Chapter 3.2) and suggested a new role for the previously described BAK1 gene in flg22- and probably elf18-signaling (Chapter 3.3).
Determination of the phenotypic age of the residents of Mexico City. Effect of accelerated aging on lung function and structure (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b> Phenotypic age (PhA) represents the age-related biological dysregulation and the complexity of the aging process better than chronological age, but it is difficult to estimate. Recently, a multi-system-based aging equation was proposed to determine PhA. <b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the PhA in our aging cohort at the INER, and examine its effect on lung structure and function. <b>Methods:</b> PhA was determined in 774 residents of Mexico City &gt;60 years without respiratory problems using an equation that integrate chronological age and 9 aging-related biomarkers. We classified as: “accelerated” aging, those showing &gt;4 years of their chronological age, and "healthy" aging those with &lt;4 years. Risk factors were analyzed with specific questionnaires. Lung structure was evaluated by high resolution computed tomography and functional competence by FVC, FEV1, DLCO, and 6MWT. <b>Results:</b> 13% of the cohort showed accelerated PhA, which was corroborated with 5 independent biomarkers of aging, 42% had normal PhA and 46% healthy PhA. Compared with healthy aging, accelerated aging was associated with male gender (OR 4.4,95%CI 2.4-7.9;p&lt;0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR 9.7,95%CI 5.5-17.2;p&lt;0.01), and long-term sleep duration (OR 2.9,95%IC 1.34-6.35,p&lt;0.01). Subjects with accelerated aging showed a significant decrease in FVC(p&lt;0.0001), FEV1(p&lt;0.0001) and DLCO(p&lt;0.02). In the HRCT, subjects with accelerated aging presented more frequently emphysematous lesions. <b>Conclusions:</b> 13% of the inhabitants of Mexico City age rapidly, which is associated with male gender, diabetes mellitus and long-term sleep duration.They exhibit lower levels of lung function and develop emphysema more frequently.
Large-Scale Weakly-Supervised Content Embeddings for Music Recommendation and Tagging (2020)

We explore content-based representation learning strategies tailored for large-scale, uncurated music collections that afford only weak supervision through unstructured natural language metadata and co-listen statistics. At the core is a hybrid training scheme that uses classification and metric learning losses to incorporate both metadata-derived text labels and aggregate co-listen supervisory signals into a single convolutional model. The resulting joint text and audio content embedding defines a similarity metric and supports prediction of semantic text labels using a vocabulary of unprecedented granularity, which we refine using a novel word-sense disambiguation procedure. As input to simple classifier architectures, our representation achieves state-of-the-art performance on two music tagging benchmarks.
Perturbations of plant leaflet rhythms caused by electromagnetic radio‐frequency radiation (1993)

The minute-range up and down rhythms of the lateral leaflets of Desmodium gyrans has been studied when exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the radio-frequency (RF) range. The RF radiation was applied as homogeneous 27.12 MHz fields in specially-designed exposure cells(and in some cases as non-homogeneous radiation of 27 MHz, amplitude modulated by 50 Hz, in front of commercial diathermy equipment). All fields were applied as pulses. We report effects in the leaflet rhythms such as temporary changes in the amplitude, period, and phase. The radiation could also cause temporary or complete cessations of the rhythms. The lowest dose (8 W/cm2) used was still effective.
Idle Speed Control Design using an H-Infinity Appoach (1989)

This paper considers the design of an idle speed control law for a fuel injected engine. The modelling procedure, including the use of System Identification techniques, is discussed and then emphasis is placed on the control law design using an H-Infinity approach. The choice of appropriate weighting functions is crucial in H-Infinity design and design iterations are discussed. The final control law is shown to have good performance in simulation and to be robust to parameter perturbations: it represents a good starting point for future implementations.
Music Dereverberation by Spectral Linear Prediction in Live Recordings (2013)

In this paper, we present our evaluations in using blind single channel dereverberation on music signals. The target material is heavily reverberated and dynamic range compressed polyphonic music from several genres. The applied dereverberation method is based on spectral subtraction regulated by a time-frequency domain linear predictive model. We present our results on en-hancing music signal quality and automatic beat tracking accura-cy with the proposed dereverberation method. Signal quality en-hancement, measured by improvement in signal to distortion ra-tio, is achieved for both reverberant and dynamic range com-pressed signals. Moreover, the algorithm shows potential as a preprocessing method for music beat tracking. 1.
Next Generation Wireless LANs: Throughput, Robustness, and Reliability in 802.11n (2008)

If you've been searching for a way to get up to speed quickly on IEEE 802.11n without having to wade through the entire standard, then look no further. This comprehensive overview describes the underlying principles, implementation details, and key enhancing features of 802.11n. A detailed discussion of the key throughput, robustness, and reliability enhancing features (such as MIMO, 40 MHz channels, and packet aggregation) is given, in addition to a clear summary of the issues surrounding legacy interoperability and coexistence. Advanced topics such as beamforming and fast link adaption are also covered. With numerous MAC and physical layer examples and simulation results included to highlight the benefits of the new features, this is an ideal reference for designers of WLAN equipment, and network managers whose systems adopt the new standard. It is also a useful distillation of 802.11n technology for graduate students and researchers in the field of wireless communication
Automatic knee cartilage delineation using inheritable segmentation (2008)

We present a fully automatic method for segmentation of knee joint cartilage from fat suppressed MRI. The method first applies 3-D model-based segmentation technology, which allows to reliably segment the femur, patella, and tibia by iterative adaptation of the model according to image gradients. Thin plate spline interpolation is used in the next step to position deformable cartilage models for each of the three bones with reference to the segmented bone models. After initialization, the cartilage models are fine adjusted by automatic iterative adaptation to image data based on gray value gradients. The method has been validated on a collection of 8 (3 left, 5 right) fat suppressed datasets and demonstrated the sensitivity of 83±6% compared to manual segmentation on a per voxel basis as primary endpoint. Gross cartilage volume measurement yielded an average error of 9±7% as secondary endpoint. For cartilage being a thin structure, already small deviations in distance result in large errors on a per voxel basis, rendering the primary endpoint a hard criterion.
Chromatibody, a novel non-invasive molecular tool to explore and manipulate chromatin in living cells (2016)

Chromatin function is involved in many cellular processes, its visualization or modification being essential in many developmental or cellular studies. Here, we present the characterization of chromatibody, a chromatin-binding single-domain, and explore its use in living cells. This non-intercalating tool specifically binds the heterodimer of H2A-H2B histones and displays a versatile reactivity, specifically labeling chromatin from yeast to mammals. We show that this genetically encoded probe, when fused to fluorescent proteins, allows non-invasive real-time chromatin imaging. Chromatibody is a dynamic chromatin probe that can be modulated. Finally, chromatibody is an efficient tool to target an enzymatic activity to the nucleosome, such as the DNA damage-dependent H2A ubiquitylation, which can modify this epigenetic mark at the scale of the genome and result in DNA damage signaling and repair defects. Taken together, these results identify chromatibody as a universal non-invasive tool for either in vivo chromatin imaging or to manipulate the chromatin landscape.
Research Needs and Future Directions (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Prevention and Microbial Ecology Containment References
Potential Use of Water Associated with Conventional Oil Production and Sea Water as Base Fluids for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Effect of Water Chemistry on Crosslinking and Breaking Behaviors of Guar Gum-Based Fracturing Fluid Formulations (2016)

Even though water consumption per hydraulic fracturing (or fracturing) job is relatively low; nearly all of the fresh water used for fracturing in California is in the regions of high water stress such as San Jouquin and Los Angeles Basins. However, water availability should not be a concern as huge volumes of water are being produced along with oil and gas from conventional formations (i.e. associated water) in the Kern County of California, a region where most of the fracturing activities take place. This associated water can potentially be used for preparing fracturing fluids in stimulating the unconventional formations. The present study reports on the relevant investigation done in this area of interest.The results suggest that associated water chemistry has limited effect on the viscosity of cross-linked formulations. However, guar gum concentration was found to affect the breaking behaviors of cross-linked fracturing fluid formulations. The new type of commercially available biodegradable breaker was found to be effective in breaking the tested cross-linked formulations at elevated temperature which was as high as 85°C (185°F). Both crosslinking and breaking behaviors of fracturing fluid formulations evaluated in this study were found comparable to the behaviors of commonly used cross-linked formulation (guar gum + 2% potassium chloride). These results suggest that both the associated water (i.e. water resulting from regional conventional oil production activites) and sea water (offshore oil fields) could serve as alternative sources of base fluid for use in fracturing jobs without putting significant burden on precious regional fresh water resources.
An Expedient Route to Dihydrothiazines, a Virtually Unknown Class of Heterocycles (2013)

Upon heating at 180-200 °C in diphenyl ether, S-(4-oximinoalkyl)xanthates with a secondary isopropyl or isobutyl group on the oxygen undergo a Chugaev elimination followed by ring closure onto the oxime to give dihydrothiazines, a virtually unknown class of heterocycles.