gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switched-Beam Slot Antenna over Electromagnetic Band-Gap Reflector (2007)

This paper presents the switched-beam slot antenna over the electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) reflector. This antenna is composed of two slot elements fed with a phase difference and the EBG reflector, which is used in order to realize a low profile structure. The radiation characteristics of this antenna are calculated using the FDTD method. Calculations show that the height of the antenna using the EBG reflector is 60 % lower than that of the antenna using a perfect electric conductor (PEC) reflector. The radiation characteristics at the center of the operating frequency band in the EBG reflector are equivalent to that in the PEC reflector. It is shown that the tilt angle of the main beam in the elevation plane varies with the operating frequency, and the variation in the case of the EBG reflector is caused by its frequency-dependent reflection phase. Moreover, the radiation pattern of the fabricated antenna is measured. The results demonstrate that the low profile design can be achieved by using the EBG reflector, and reveal the influence of the EBG reflector on the antenna efficiency.
Fully Patterned Low‐Voltage Transparent Metal Oxide Transistors Deposited Solely by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (2013)

Abstract All‐inorganic transparent thin‐film transistors deposited solely by the solution processing method of spray pyrolysis are reported. Different precursor materials are employed to create conducting and semiconducting species of ZnO acting as electrodes and active channel material, respectively, as well as zirconium oxide as gate dielectric layer. Additionally, a simple stencil mask system provides sufficient resolution to realize the necessary geometric patterns. As a result, fully functional low‐voltage n‐type transistors with a mobility of 0.18 cm 2 V −1 s −1 can be demonstrated via a technique that bears the potential for upscaling. A detailed microscopic evaluation of the channel region by electron diffraction, high‐resolution and analytical TEM confirms the layer stacking and provides detailed information on the chemical composition and nanocrystalline nature of the individual layers.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Synthesis of ′Through‐Space′ Chromophore Dimers Based on [2.2]Paracyclophane. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fatty Acid-Based Biodegradable Polymers: Synthesis and Applications (2009)

Fatty acids have been used previously in the development of polymers for biomedical applications as they are considered to be inert, inexpensive and biocompatible, as well as possessing low toxicity. This review focuses on use of different fatty acids for synthesis of injectable polymers for intended use as drug carriers.
[Prognosis in synchronous liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. A multicenter study of patients with cancer of the rectum and cancer of the rectosigmoid colon]. (1989)

A prospective investigation of 188 patients with cancer of the rectum and rectosigmoid colon with synchronous liver metastases is described. The mean survival time for 183 patients who did not receive any treatment for the liver metastases was six months and only one survived for longer than 37 months. After extirpation of the primary tumour, the most significant prognostic factors were etrahepatic metastases, enlarged liver on account of metastases and more than three liver metastases. Serum basic phosphatases had the greatest significance among a series of laboratory tests. In the sub-groups with the best possible prognoses, the mean survival time was 12 months. 25% five-year survival has been described in the literature following resection of the liver in patients with a maximum of three metastases, no other metastases and age under 70 years. Provided this holds true, liver surgery will be a therapeutic possibility in at least 100 patients per annum in Denmark with synchronous liver metastases and 25 of these will be cured. This figure requires an improved programme for the diagnosis of synchronous liver metastases than at present and the same high frequency of extirpation of the primary colorectal cancer on a national basis which was achieved in the present material.
Treatment with a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, proglumide, improves efficacy of immune checkpoint antibodies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2022)

<strong>Abstract: </strong>Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Treatment with immune checkpoint antibodies has shown promise in advanced HCC, but the response is only 15-20% with monotherapy and 25-40% with combination therapy. We discovered a potential target for the treatment of HCC; the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR). This receptor is over-expressed in murine and human HCC and not in normal liver tissue. Mice bearing syngeneic RIL-175 HCC tumors were treated with PBS (Control), proglumide (a CCK-receptor antagonist), an anti-PD1 antibody, or the combination of proglumide and the anti-PD1 antibody. In vitro, RNA was extracted from untreated or proglumide-treated murine Dt81Hepa1-6 HCC cells and analyzed for expression of fibrosis-associated genes. RNA was also extracted from human HepG2 HCC cells or HepG2 cells treated with proglumide and subjected to RNA sequencing. Results showed that proglumide decreased fibrosis in the tumor microenvironment and increased the number of intratumoral CD8+ T-cells in RIL-175 tumors. When proglumide was given in combination with the anti-PD1 antibody, there was a further significant increase in intratumoral CD8+ T-cells, improved survival, and alterations in genes regulating tumoral fibrosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. RNAseq results from human HepG2 HCC cells treated with proglumide showed significant changes in differentially expressed genes involved in tumorigenesis, fibrosis, and the tumor microenvironment. The use of the CCK receptor antagonist proglumide may improve efficacy of immune checkpoint antibodies and survival in those with advanced HCC.
Gold–Silver Electroless Plating on Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additively Printed AlSi10Mg Parts (2020)

The current research presents a novel methodology for surface finishing of printed AlSi10Mg parts by electroless deposited gold–silver (electrum) alloys. The parts were printed by additive manufacturing laser powder-bed fusion (AM-LPBF). The electrum was chosen due to its appearance and good electrical and thermal properties and was deposited on disk-shaped specimens at 80 and 90 °C. The coating quality and appearance were studied by different methods for various deposition times and film thicknesses. The results indicate that Au–Ag coatings of AM-LPBF AlSi10Mg yield satisfactory results. The XRD analysis revealed that the coatings were composed of Au–Ag crystalline phases and beneath them, a quasi-amorphous or mixed quasi-amorphous and nanocrystalline Ni–P interlayer. The mechanism of electrum formation was studied based on the XPS analysis results as a function of the temperature and concentration. At 80 °C, the Ag was dominant at the beginning of the deposition process, while at 90 °C the Au was first detected on the interface. This result was explained by the electrochemical properties of alloying metals and the binding energies required to form metal–Ni and Au–Ag bonding. The results indicate that the electrum coatings are satisfactory, and the developed surface finishing process could be used for many applications.
An Unexpected Interaction between the Modular Polyketide Synthases, Erythromycin DEBS1 and Pikromycin PikAIV, Leads to Efficient Triketide Lactone Synthesis (2002)

An unusual feature of the 6-module pikromycin polyketide synthase (PikPKS, PikAI-PikAIV) of S. venezuelae is the ability to generate both 12- and 14-membered ring macrolides. The PikAIV component containing the last extension module and a thioesterase domain is responsible for generating both of these products. In the case of the 12-membered ring macrolide, an acyl-enzyme intermediate on PikAIII is able to efficiently "skip" the last extension step and is cyclized by the TE domain of PikAIV, presumably as a result of a PikAIII-PikAIV interaction. Herein we report that plasmid-based expression (pBK3) of DEBS1, which comprises the loading domain and the first two modules of the Saccharopolyspora erythrea 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase, in S. venezuelae leads to efficient 15 +/- 3 mg/L production of triketide lactone products (TKLs). Comparable levels of TKLs were observed with a plasmid (pBK1) which expressed DEBS1 fused to a TE domain (DEBS1-TE). These results are in stark contrast to previous in vivo and in vitro analyses, where only DEBS1-TE efficiently produces TKLs. Levels of TKLs decreased dramatically with expression of DEBS1 in both pikAIV and pikAIII-pikAIV deletion hosts (0.5 mg/L), but not DEBS1-TE, and could be partially restored by addition of a PikAIV complementation plasmid. These data suggest that PikAIV is able to efficiently catalyze formation of 6-membered lactone ring products from acyl-bound intermediates on DEBS1 in a manner analogous to that observed for 12-membered macrolide products from PikAIII. Significant sequence similarity and length of the C-terminal linker region of PikAIII and DEBS1 suggest that this region may be responsible for the interaction with PikAIV. A replacement of this linker region of DEBS1 with the corresponding region of PikAI led to a 95% decrease in TKL levels in S. venezuelae, consistent with this hypothesis.
<title>Development of an image/threshold database for designing and testing human vision models</title> (1999)

Models that predict human performance on narrow classes of visual stimuli abound in the vision science literature. However, the vision and the applied imaging communities need robust general-purpose, rather than narrow, computational human visual system models to evaluate image fidelity and quality and ultimately improve imaging algorithms. Psychophysical measure of image imaging algorithms. Psychophysical measures of image quality are too costly and time consuming to gather to evaluate the impact each algorithm modification might have on image quality.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole Carboxylic Acids as Anionic Sugar Mimics? Inhibition of Glycogen Phosphorylase by a D‐Glucotriazole Carboxylate. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Consequences of Cooperativity in Racemizing Supramolecular Systems (2012)

Saluting the sergeant: Phg-BTA (see scheme) cooperatively self-assembles into helical aggregates and shows unprecedented racemization behavior in the presence of base. In thermodynamically controlled conditions, the addition of a small amount of chiral auxiliary to this mixture results in a deracemization reaction and a final enantiomeric excess of 32 %. A theoretical model is presented to understand in detail the results obtained.
Linear Regression With a Sparse Parameter Vector (2007)

We consider linear regression under a model where the parameter vector is known to be sparse. Using a Bayesian framework, we derive the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimate of the parameter vector and a computationally efficient approximation of it. We also derive an empirical-Bayesian version of the estimator, which does not need any a priori information, nor does it need the selection of any user parameters. As a byproduct, we obtain a powerful model ("basis") selection tool for sparse models. The performance and robustness of our new estimators are illustrated via numerical examples
State of the art in intravesical therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms. (2010)

Intravesical therapy is the routine first-line treatment for effectively delaying or preventing the recurrence of bladder cancer. This route of drug administration has also shown tremendous promise in the treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) and potentially overactive bladder to justify investments for further improvements. This review takes a bird's eye view into the current status of intravesical therapy, with emphasis on liposomal nanoparticles, in diseases associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Ongoing efforts to advance the field of intravesical drug delivery include development of sustained-release drug implants and efforts to improve delivery of biotechnological products including large protein acting as neurotoxins and small interfering RNAs.
Quantitative assessment of the benefits of RFID technology for libraries: a trans-European study (2007)

Large libraries are complex organizations. Radiofrequency identification (RFID) technologies allow the deployment of advanced services like re-shelving assistance. A number of commercial solutions for libraries have recently appeared, but so far there was a lack of objective assessments of the real benefits of RFID. In this paper we present the results of the validation that was funded by the EU in the framework of the LIBER-IMMS eTENproject. The validation was performed in libraries with different profiles, in three EU countries.
Asynchronous axonal firing patterns evoked via continuous subthreshold kilohertz stimulation (2023)

<i>Objective.</i>Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves is a common technique to assist or rehabilitate impaired muscle activation. However, conventional stimulation paradigms activate nerve fibers synchronously with action potentials time-locked with stimulation pulses. Such synchronous activation limits fine control of muscle force due to synchronized force twitches. Accordingly, we developed a subthreshold high-frequency stimulation waveform with the goal of activating axons asynchronously.<i>Approach.</i>We evaluated our waveform experimentally and through model simulations. During the experiment, we delivered continuous subthreshold pulses at frequencies of 16.67, 12.5, or 10 kHz transcutaneously to the median and ulnar nerves. We obtained high-density electromyographic (EMG) signals and fingertip forces to quantify the axonal activation patterns. We used a conventional 30 Hz stimulation waveform and the associated voluntary muscle activation for comparison. We modeled stimulation of biophysically realistic myelinated mammalian axons using a simplified volume conductor model to solve for extracellular electric potentials. We compared the firing properties under kHz and conventional 30 Hz stimulation.<i>Main results.</i>EMG activity evoked by kHz stimulation showed high entropy values similar to voluntary EMG activity, indicating asynchronous axon firing activity. In contrast, we observed low entropy values in EMG evoked by conventional 30 Hz stimulation. The muscle forces evoked by kHz stimulation also showed more stable force profiles across repeated trials compared with 30 Hz stimulation. Our simulation results provide direct evidence of asynchronous firing patterns across a population of axons in response to kHz frequency stimulation, while 30 Hz stimulation elicited synchronized time-locked responses across the population.<i>Significance.</i>We demonstrate that the continuous subthreshold high-frequency stimulation waveform can elicit asynchronous axon firing patterns, which can lead to finer control of muscle forces.
Evolution of Clinical Medicine: From Expert Opinion to Artificial Intelligence (2020)

Artificial intelligence provides a vast opportunity and conquest of the science of knowledge. Twenty-first-century medicine will be characterized by an extraordinary ability to access and process medical information to provide patient-specific, timely, and effective clinical decision support. The knowledge gained by patient care experience and clinicians' expertise has led to many clinical care advances. Access to a large volume of data, along with ever-growing information and knowledge of diseases, can allow us to optimize diagnoses and management strategies by using advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence. Changing the medical culture from only relying on the experts to use medical informatics advances to improve the experts' clinical judgment would be an uphill battle. It is necessary to overcome the clinicians' traditional training to empower them into moving in the data science, statistics, and artificial intelligence era. As the incorporation of artificial intelligence in clinical practice seems inevitable, a thorough understanding of its capacities and flaws is essential to the emergence of a new clinical practice world. This review paper describes some of the nuances of past, current, and future clinical decision support systems and artificial intelligence's impact on this process.
Monte Carlo algorithm for drift and diffusion of ions in anisotropic, non-homogeneous media (2006)

Abstract A new Monte Carlo algorithm for ion transport in two-dimensional anisotropic media is reported. It is based on physical considerations of drift and diffusion in anisotropic media with or without an impermeable boundary. Inhomogeneities in the medium and electric field can be taken into account by averaging along the ion trajectory. The algorithm has been applied to the calculation of ion transport in liquid crystal displays and has been successfully compared with a finite difference program on a one-dimensional liquid crystal structure.
SiC Trench MOSFET with an Integrated Low Von Unipolar Heterojunction Diode (2014)

We demonstrate a SiC trench MOSFET with an integrated low Von unipolar heterojunction diode (MOSHJD). A region of the heterojunction diode (HJD) was fabricated in a trench with p + -type poly-crystalline silicon on an n - -type epitaxial layer of 4H-SiC. The measured on-resistance (R on ) of the transistor action was 15 mΩcm 2 . The measured V on of the diode action was 2.2 V at a forward current density of 100 A/cm 2 . The fabrication process of the MOSHJD is simple. First, the trenches of the MOSFET region and the HJD region are formed simultaneously; then poly-crystalline silicon is deposited to form the gate electrode of the MOSFET region and the anode electrode of the HJD region at the same time.
Loss of DNA repair mechanisms in cardiac myocytes induce dilated cardiomyopathy (2023)

Cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of the myocardium leading to impaired contractility. Genotoxic cancer therapies are known to be potent drivers of cardiomyopathy, whereas causes of spontaneous disease remain unclear. To test the hypothesis that endogenous genotoxic stress contributes to cardiomyopathy, we deleted the DNA repair gene Ercc1 specifically in striated muscle using a floxed allele of Ercc1 and mice expressing Cre under control of the muscle-specific creatinine kinase (Ckmm) promoter or depleted systemically (Ercc1<sup>-/D</sup> mice). Ckmm-Cre<sup>+/-</sup> ;Ercc1<sup>-/fl</sup> mice expired suddenly of heart disease by 7 months of age. As young adults, the hearts of Ckmm-Cre<sup>+/-</sup> ;Ercc1<sup>-/fl</sup> mice were structurally and functionally normal, but by 6-months-of-age, there was significant ventricular dilation, wall thinning, interstitial fibrosis, and systolic dysfunction indicative of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac tissue from the tissue-specific or systemic model showed increased apoptosis and cardiac myocytes from Ckmm-Cre<sup>+/-</sup> ;Ercc1<sup>-/fl</sup> mice were hypersensitive to genotoxins, resulting in apoptosis. p53 levels and target gene expression, including several antioxidants, were increased in cardiac tissue from Ckmm-Cre<sup>+/-</sup> ;Ercc1<sup>-/fl</sup> and Ercc1<sup>-/D</sup> mice. Despite this, cardiac tissue from older mutant mice showed evidence of increased oxidative stress. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of p53 attenuated apoptosis and improved disease markers. Similarly, overexpression of mitochondrial-targeted catalase improved disease markers. Together, these data support the conclusion that DNA damage produced endogenously can drive cardiac disease and does so mechanistically via chronic activation of p53 and increased oxidative stress, driving cardiac myocyte apoptosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and sudden death.
A Hybrid Tree Approach to Modeling Alternate Route Choice Behavior With Online Information (2010)

One popular intelligent transportation systems (ITS) element that has been deployed in various areas of the United States is variable-message signs (VMSs). Such signs are part of advanced traveler information systems, and they can help drivers make better en route decisions regarding their trips. Unlike most other ITS elements (e.g., ramp metering, advanced signals), VMSs are not supported by mandatory regulations. Consequently, the expected benefit from implementing VMSs largely depends on the response of drivers. This study explored the factors affecting alternative route choices of car drivers with VMSs on the interstate highway system. This study adopted a method called LOTUS to analyze driver-compliance behavior with VMSs. Driver behavior under information provision through VMS data has been collected using the stated-preference approach. The study showed that travel-time saving is not the single dominant factor for driver route choice under information provision. This article explores variables that are associated with driver compliance.
Laser-Assisted Counter-Facing Plasma Focus Device as a Light Source for EUV Lithography (2017)

A pair of plasma focus devices was operated with a counter-facing configuration. The focus electrode consisted of six cathodes and a center anode, drove a multichannel discharge. The 2 × 6 multichannel discharges were triggered by a YAG laser, which also supplied lithium plasma as the radiation source. A high energy density lithium plasma was formed in the center of focus electrodes, which emitted radiation in an extreme ultraviolet region through the Lyman-α (2p-1s) transition of hydrogenlike lithium ions for pulse duration of more than microsecond. A proof of principle experiment and the latest advances toward realization of a high-average power system are shown.
Integrated microstrip and rectangular waveguide in planar form (2001)

Usually transitions from microstrip line to rectangular waveguide are made with three-dimensional complex mounting structures. In this paper, a new planar platform is developed in which the microstrip line and rectangular waveguide are fully integrated on the same substrate, and they are interconnected via a simple taper. Our experiments at 28 GHz show that an effective bandwidth of 12% at 20 dB return loss is obtained with an in-band insertion loss better than 0.3 dB. The new transition allows a complete integration of waveguide components on substrate with MICs and MMICs.
Case 9-1997 (1997)

Presentation of CaseA 39-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a gastric mass and pernicious anemia.She had had sporadic abdominal pain and chronic anxiety for many years. Two years before admission, the results of an upper gastrointestinal series were reported to be normal. The patient subsequently began to have more frequent episodes of pain, which were confined to the right upper quadrant. Ranitidine was added to her base-line medications of clonazepam and trazodone, without improvement.Eight and a half months before admission, a cholecystographic examination performed after the oral administration of contrast material was normal. An . . .
Recent Advances and Perspectives (2012)

The previous chapters have covered a range of non pharmacological therapies for the management of OA. This chapter will briefly outline some areas that are of recent interest in the literature and that warrant further consideration and research attention.