gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kolmogorov and Zabih’s Graph Cuts Stereo Matching Algorithm (2014)

Binocular stereovision estimates the three-dimensional shape of a scene from two photographs taken from different points of view. In rectified epipolar geometry, this is equivalent to a matching problem. This article describes a method proposed by Kolmogorov and Zabih in 2001, which puts forward an energy-based formulation. The aim is to minimize a four-term-energy. This energy is not convex and cannot be minimized except among a class of perturbations called expansion moves, in which case an exact minimization can be done with graph cuts techniques. One noteworthy feature of this method is that it handles occlusion: The algorithm detects points that cannot be matched with any point in the other image. In this method displacements are pixel accurate (no subpixel refinement).
Spin-Hall-Effect-Based Stochastic Number Generator for Parallel Stochastic Computing (2019)

Stochastic computing (SC) is a promising technology that can be used for low-cost hardware designs. However, SC suffers from its long latency. Although parallel processing can efficiently shorten the latency, duplicated stochastic number generators (SNGs) are necessary, which cause substantial hardware overhead. This paper proposes a scalable SNG based on the spin-Hall-effect (SHE), which is capable of generating multiple independent stochastic streams simultaneously. The design takes advantages of the efficient charge-to-spin conversion from the Spin-Hall material and the intrinsic stochasticity of nanomagnets. Compared to previous spintronic SNGs, the SHE-SNG can reduce the area by 1.6×-7.8× and the power by 4.9×-13× while increasing the degree of parallelism from 1 to 16. Compared to CMOS-based SNGs, the proposed SNG obtained 24×-120× and 53× reduction in terms of area and power, respectively. Finally, three benchmarks were implemented, and the results indicate that SC implementations with the proposed SHE-SNG can achieve 1.2×-29× reduction of hardware resources compared to implementations with previous CMOSand spintronic-based designs while scaling the degree of parallelism from 1 to 64.
Stochastic differential equation analysis for sound scattering by random internal waves in the ocean (2007)

The scattering of a weakly divergent narrow sound beam by random inhomogeneities of a fluctuating ocean is considered in the coupled-mode approximation. The random index of sound refraction is described using the Garrett-Munk internal wave spectrum. The problem is solved using the stochastic differential equations for the first-and second-order statistical moments of the acoustic field. The equations are formulated according to the cumulant expansion method. The existence of weakly divergent narrow sound beams in long-range sound propagation was one of the last discoveries of L.M. Brekhovskikh, to which he attached much importance. The concentration of sound into narrow beams away from the axis of the underwater sound channel was first observed experimentally and then explained by Brekhovskikh and his former students Goncharov, Kurtepov, and Petukhov. In the present paper, the scattered field intensity of a sound beam is calculated for different frequencies and source depths. Analytical expressions are obtained for the coefficients of the differential equation. The intermode energy transfer that accompanies the long-range propagation of a weakly divergent sound beam is analyzed. A comparison with the conventionally used Monte Carlo simulation in the parabolic equation approximation is performed.
Peptide Prodrugs for the Treatment of CNS Disorders: A Perspective for New Drugs (2014)

The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is a major challenge. The presence of the barrier intended to protect the brain from unwanted molecules also impairs the efficacy of CNS-targeted drugs. The discovery of drug targets for CNS diseases opens a door for the selective treatment of these diseases. However, the physicochemical properties of drugs, including their hydrophilic properties and their peripheral metabolism, as well as the blood-brain barrier, can adversely affect the therapeutic potential of CNS-targeted drugs. Although peptides are often metabolized by enzymes, they are of particular interest for the treatment of CNS diseases or as carriers to deliver drugs to the brain. In this review, we discuss the use of peptides as potential prodrugs for the treatment of CNS diseases.
Search for Pair Production of Second-Generation Scalar Leptoquarks inppCollisions ats=7  TeV (2011)

A search for pair production of second-generation scalar leptoquarks in the final state with two muons and two jets is performed using proton-proton collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb⁻¹. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions from the standard model processes. An upper limit is set on the second-generation leptoquark cross section times β² as a function of the leptoquark mass, and leptoquarks with masses below 394 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level for β = 1, where β is the leptoquark branching fraction into a muon and a quark. These limits are the most stringent to date.
Towards Lakosian Multilingual Software Design Principles (2019)

Large software systems often comprise programs written in different programming languages. In the case when cross-language interoperability is accomplished with a Foreign Function Interface (FFI), for example pybind11, Boost.Python, Emscripten, PyV8, or JNI, among many others, common software engineering tools, such as call-graph analysis, are obstructed by the opacity of the FFI. This complicates debugging and fosters potential inefficiency and security problems. One contributing issue is that there is little rigorous software design advice for multilingual software.
In this paper, we present our progress towards a more rigorous design approach to multilingual software. The approach is based on the existing approach to the design of large-scale C++ systems developed by Lakos. The FFI is an aspect of physical rather than logical architecture. The Lakosian approach is one of the few design methodologies to address physical design rather than just logical design. Using the MLSA toolkit developed in prior work for analysis of multilingual software, we focus in on one FFI – the pybind11 FFI. 
An extension to the Lakosian C++ design rules is proposed to address multilingual software that uses pybind11. Using a sample of 50 public GitHub repositories that use pybind11, we measure how many repositories would currently satisfy these rules. We conclude with a proposed generalization of the pybind11-based rules for any multilingual software using an FFI interface.
Microcapsules obtained from complex coacervation of collagen and chondroitin sulfate (1996)

Microcapsules composed of collagen and chondroitin sulfate were obtained by complex coacervation and characterized by DSC, optical microscopy, SEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Composition of the microcapsules could be adjusted by the feed ratio and the pH of the solution. Prepared under low temperature and aqueous solution, the process is most suitable for encapsulating delicate bioactive agents. Albumin as a model protein was encapsulated with a loading level of up to 95% by weight. Degradation rate of the microcapsules decreased with the concentration of the crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde and increased with the bacterial collagenase level. Correspondingly the release of albumin could also be varied by the cross-linking degree of the microcapsules.
From None to Severe: Predicting Severity in Movie Scripts (2021)

In this paper, we introduce the task of predicting severity of age-restricted aspects of movie content based solely on the dialogue script. We first investigate categorizing the ordinal severity of movies on 5 aspects: Sex, Violence, Profanity, Substance consumption, and Frightening scenes. The problem is handled using a Siamese network-based multitask framework which concurrently improves the interpretability of the predictions. The experimental results show that our method outperforms the previous state-of-the-art model and provides useful information to interpret model predictions. The proposed dataset and source code are publicly available at our GitHub repository 1 .
Client-transparent fault-tolerant Web service (2002)

Most of the existing fault tolerance schemes for Web servers detect server failure and route future client requests to backup servers. These techniques typically do not provide transparent handling of requests whose processing was in progress when the failure occurred. Thus, the system may fail to provide the user with confirmation for a requested transaction or clear indication that the transaction was not performed. We describe a client-transparent fault tolerance scheme for Web servers that ensures correct handling of requests in progress at the time of server failure. The scheme is based on a standby backup server and simple proxies. The error handling mechanisms of TCP are used to multicast requests to the primary and backup as well as to reliably deliver replies from a server that may fail while sending the reply. Our scheme does not involve OS kernel changes or use of user-level TCP implementations and requires minimal changes to the Web server software.
Efficacy of anise oil, dwarf-pine oil and chamomile oil against thymidine-kinase-positive and thymidine-kinase-negative herpesviruses (2008)

The effect of anise oil, dwarf-pine oil and chamomile oil against different thymidine-kinase-positive (aciclovir-sensitive) and thymidine-kinase-negative (aciclovir-resistant) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains was examined. Clinical HSV-1 isolates containing frameshift mutations in the thymidine kinase (TK) gene, an insertion or a deletion, yield a non-functional thymidine kinase enzyme resulting in phenotypical resistance against aciclovir. The inhibitory activity of three different essential oils against herpes simplex virus isolates was tested in-vitro using a plaque reduction assay. All essential oils exhibited high levels of antiviral activity against aciclovir-sensitive HSV strain KOS and aciclovir-resistant clinical HSV isolates as well as aciclovir-resistant strain Angelotti. At maximum noncytotoxic concentrations of the plant oils, plaque formation was significantly reduced by 96.6–99.9%, when herpesviruses were preincubated with drugs before attachment to host cells. No significant effect on viral infectivity could be achieved by adding these compounds during the replication phase. These results indicate that anise oil, dwarf-pine oil and chamomile oil affected the virus by interrupting adsorption of herpesviruses and in a different manner than aciclovir, which is effective after attachment inside the infected cells. Thus the investigated essential oils are capable of exerting a direct effect on HSV and might be useful in the treatment of drug-resistant viruses. Chamomile oil did not reveal any irritating potential on hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane, demonstrated the highest selectivity index among the oils tested and was highly active against clinically relevant aciclovir-resistant HSV-1 strains.
Obligations to Maintain Confidentiality, Rights to Privacy, and Whistleblowing (2022)

Abstract This chapter explains how rights and obligations arising from the law relating to confidentiality and privacy interact with the statutory protection given to whistleblowers. The obligation upon a Court which is considering whether to grant interim relief that would affect the exercise of the Article 10 right to freedom of expression is then considered. The nature and extent of the equitable and contractual obligations to maintain a confidence are described along with the development of the public interest defence to a claim of breach of confidence. There is analysis of the effect of section 43J ERA, which renders void any provision in a contract with a worker that would prevent the making of a protected disclosure. The chapter then considers the right to privacy and how it applies to whistleblowing. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the developing law in relation to non-disclosure and non-disparagement agreements. The chapter closes with a review of the key Official Secrets Act offences and the proposals for a reform of the law to include a public interest defence.
All‐In‐One Dendrimer‐Based Lipid Nanoparticles Enable Precise HDR‐Mediated Gene Editing In Vivo (2021)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein gene editing is poised to transform the treatment of genetic diseases. However, limited progress has been made toward precise editing of DNA via homology-directed repair (HDR) that requires careful orchestration of complex steps. Herein, dendrimer-based lipid nanoparticles (dLNPs) are engineered to co-encapsulate and deliver multiple components for in vivo HDR correction. BFP/GFP switchable HEK293 cells with a single Y66H amino acid mutation are employed to assess HDR-mediated gene editing following simultaneous, one-pot delivery of Cas9 mRNA, single-guide RNA, and donor DNA. Molar ratios of individual LNP components and weight ratios of the three nucleic acids are systematically optimized to increase HDR efficiency. Using flow cytometry, fluorescence imaging, and DNA sequencing to quantify editing, optimized 4A3-SC8 dLNPs edit >91% of all cells with 56% HDR efficiency in vitro and >20% HDR efficiency in xenograft tumors in vivo. Due to the all-in-one simplicity and high efficacy, the developed dLNPs offer a promising route toward the gene correction of disease-causing mutations.
Pathogenic WDFY3 variants cause neurodevelopmental disorders and opposing effects on brain size (vol 142, pg 2617, 2019) (2019)

Author(s): Le Duc, Diana; Giulivi, Cecilia; Hiatt, Susan M; Napoli, Eleonora; Panoutsopoulos, Alexios; De Crescenzo, Angelo Harlan; Kotzaeridou, Urania; Syrbe, Steffen; Anagnostou, Evdokia; Azage, Meron; Bend, Renee; Begtrup, Amber; Brown, Natasha J; Buttner, Benjamin; Cho, Megan T; Cooper, Gregory M; Doering, Jan H; Dubourg, Christele; Everman, David B; Hildebrand, Michael S; Santos, Francis Jeshira Reynoso; Kellam, Barbara; Keller-Ramey, Jennifer; Lemke, Johannes R; Liu, Shuxi; Niyazov, Dmitriy; Payne, Katelyn; Person, Richard; Quelin, Chloe; Schnur, Rhonda E; Smith, Brooke T; Strober, Jonathan; Walker, Susan; Wallis, Mathew; Walsh, Laurence; Yang, Sandra; Yuen, Ryan KC; Ziegler, Andreas; Sticht, Heinrich; Pride, Michael C; Orosco, Lori; Martinez-Cerdeno, Veronica; Silverman, Jill L; Crawley, Jacqueline N; Scherer, Stephen W; Zarbalis, Konstantinos S; Jamra, Rami
An intelligent power module with high accuracy control system and direct liquid cooling for Hybrid system (2014)

We have developed an intelligent power module (IPM) with high accuracy control system and direct liquid cooling for HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) and PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle).The IPM contributes to most efficient fuel consumption of the HEV and PHEV. An Aluminum direct liquid cooling fin structure improves thermal resistance by over 20% compared to the conventional indirect liquid cooling structure. Furthermore a new Sn-Sb solder has been developed to improve thermal cycle capability. The tensile strength and yield strength of this new solder is about 20% higher than conventional Sn-Ag-Cu solder. The highly accurate control system with CPU in the control circuit corrects the error of a temperature sensor on the IGBT chip within +-3 oC. It also controls the buck-boost converter by using a voltage sensor and the accuracy of the output voltage is controlled under +-2%. The system is communicated to the master ECU. The IPM's maximum output power is 400kVA and it is applied in a HEV system to drive 124kW motor output.
Comments On: Daniel Kahneman, "New challenges to the Rationality Assumption" (1996)

This paper is a useful integration of research that Professor Kahneman has conducted&#13;\nwith several co-authors. The phenomena of individual decisions is a source of nagging&#13;\ncuriosity for many sciences, applications of sciences, and philosophy. What he has to say&#13;\nshould be of great interest to a very large research community. In discussing his paper I&#13;\nwill narrow the perspective to economics and to a lesser extent political science, in the&#13;\nhope of facilitating better and more complete understanding of the fundamental and&#13;\nimportant perspective that he and his co-authors bring to those particular sciences.
Hybrid Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty A 5??? to 9-Year Followup Study (1996)

One hundred fifty-two hips were reviewed at a minimum of 5 years after hybrid primary total hip arthroplasty using uncemented porous coated acetabular components and cemented femoral stems to determine the intermediate term durability of this method of fixation. Five hips (3.6%) have been revised: 1 for dislocation (0.7%), 1 for cup loosening (0.7%), and 3 for femoral loosening (2.2%). Clinical results proved to be extremely reliable in this series with 78% of the patients reporting no pain and 19.7% reporting slight or occasional pain. Radiographic evidence of polyethylene wear was evident in more than 1/2 of cups, but significant osteolysis or component loosening was not commonly seen on the cup side. On the femoral side incomplete radiolucencies were present in 31%, and focal osteolysis in 12.2%, nearly always proximally in Zones 1 and 7. These intermediate term results compare favorably on the femoral side and very favorably on the acetabular side to prior reported series. These results support the continued use of this combination of fixation methods for primary arthroplasty, but polyethylene wear and its effects remain a concern regarding the long term performance of these arthroplasties.
Improvement of Switching Field in Magnetic Tunneling Junction Using Ru/Ta Capping Layer (2006)

A Ru/Ta capping layer for magnetic tunneling juctions (MTJs) was used to replace the routinely used Ta capping layer. The MTJs with CoFeB used as the free layer were shaped to ellipses of 0.36 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$times$</tex> 0.60 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu$</tex> m. The magnetoresistive (MR) ratio of Ru/Ta capped MTJs was found to be 47.3%, slightly lower than the value of 52.8% of Ta capped MTJs. In the meantime, the switching field of Ru/Ta capped MTJs with 30 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$ AA$</tex> of Ru was found to be 37.7 Oe, greatly reduced from 63 Oe of Ta capped MTJs. The switching field varition of Ru/Ta capped MTJs was 6 Oe, also better than the value of 11 Oe of Ta capped MTJs. The different switching behaviors of Ru/Ta and Ta capped MTJs were discussed from the aspects of oxygen diffusion, intermixing, and magnetostriction.
Haemophilus influenzae Uses the Surface Protein E To Acquire Human Plasminogen and To Evade Innate Immunity (2011)

Pathogenic microbes acquire the human plasma protein plasminogen to their surface. In this article, we characterize binding of this important coagulation regulator to the respiratory pathogen nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and identify the Haemophilus surface protein E (PE) as a new plasminogen-binding protein. Plasminogen binds dose dependently to intact bacteria and to purified PE. The plasminogen-PE interaction is mediated by lysine residues and is also affected by ionic strength. The H. influenzae PE knockout strain (nontypeable H. influenzae 3655Δpe) bound plasminogen with ∼65% lower intensity as compared with the wild-type, PE-expressing strain. In addition, PE expressed ectopically on the surface of Escherichia coli also bound plasminogen. Plasminogen, either attached to intact H. influenzae or bound to PE, was accessible for urokinase plasminogen activator. The converted active plasmin cleaved the synthetic substrate S-2251, and the natural substrates fibrinogen and C3b. Using synthetic peptides that cover the complete sequence of the PE protein, the major plasminogen-binding region was localized to a linear 28-aa-long N-terminal peptide, which represents aa 41-68. PE binds plasminogen and also vitronectin, and the two human plasma proteins compete for PE binding. Thus, PE is a major plasminogen-binding protein of the Gram-negative bacterium H. influenzae, and when converted to plasmin, PE-bound plasmin aids in immune evasion and contributes to bacterial virulence.
YAP1acts as oncogenic target of 11q22 amplification in multiple cancer subtypes (2014)

The transcriptional coactivator YAP1 is a critical effector of the human Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway. Literature data report apparently discrepant results on the carcinogenic role of YAP1, which acts either as oncogene or as tumor suppressor in different in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, genomic amplification events of 11q22 locus encompassing YAP1 gene have been detected in multiple tumor types but there is limited direct evidence about the oncogenic role of endogenous YAP1 within in the amplicon. We screened a panel of human tumor samples and cancer cell lines and identified that the YAP1 amplification event is actually present in up to 23% of the cases. We exploited EKVX (lung cancer), CaSki (cervical cancer) and RO82 (thyroid cancer) cell lines harboring both genomic YAP1 amplification and YAP1 protein overexpression, in order to study the effects of downregulation of endogenous YAP1 by RNA-interference strategies. Class comparison analysis of gene expression profiling data identified 707 statistically significantly modulated genes (multivariable global test p-value = 0.002) that were functionally annotated for cell proliferation and cellular movement ontologies. Mechanistic studies of the identified perturbed pathways revealed that YAP1 silencing significantly decreased cell proliferation and cell cycle perturbation associated with upregulation of p21 and p27 cell-cycle inhibitors, reduced cell migration (p<0.048) and anchorage-independent growth (p<0.02). In CaSki cell line, YAP1 silencing induced significantly increased sensitivity and cell-death response to cisplatin treatment (p=0.011) as well as reduction of in-vivo tumorigenic potential (p=0.027). Overall, these results establish that YAP1 is a direct oncogenic target of the 11q22 amplicon in previously unreported cancer types and support the relevance of such genetic aberration in carcinogenesis in a fraction of multiple tumor types.
Tuning the Mn Deposition on the Anode to Improve the Cycle Performance of the Mn-Based Lithium Ion Battery (2017)

Capacity fading of lithium-ion batteries with Mn-containing cathodes is closely related to Mn dissolution from the cathode and, more importantly, the subsequent Mn deposition on the anode. In this work, we propose a new method for solving the Mn deposition issue: tuning the Mn deposition instead of simply decreasing the concentration of Mn deposited on the anode. Two commonly used electrolyte additives, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate, are found to improve the cycle performance of the battery but, surprisingly, to enhance the Mn deposited on the anode at the same time. According to the ion-exchange model in our previous work, this increased Mn 2+ deposition can be attributed to the increased amount of the Li + ions in the additive-modified solid-electrolyte interface (SEI), as the Mn deposition can occur via an ion-exchange reaction between the Li + in the SEI and the Mn 2+ in the electrolyte. The improved capacity retention can be attributed to the enhanced robustness of the SEI layers against the attack of Mn 2+ ion because of the sufficient amount of mobile Li + in the SEI layer for ion transport. This work sheds new light on solving the capacity fade issue of Mn-based Li-ion batteries by manipulating the Mn-Li ion-exchange process.