gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Refractory Idiopathic Status Epilepticus (2001)

To the Editor: In the article “Refractory Idiopathic Absence Status Epilepticus: A Probable Paradoxical Effect of Phenytoin and Carbamazepine”(1), recently published in this journal, we did not address the pharmacogenomic/pharmacogenetic significance of this interesting phenomenon. The idiopathic epilepsies have complex inheritance patterns that make the identification of genes a major challenge. A necessary step for successful gene mapping is the precise characterization of the phenotypes of probands, a task that falls squarely on the shoulders of the epileptologist. In this context, one of the aims of this clinical task is to estimate the phenotypic “distance” between a presumed proband and those considered “typical” for a given epilepsy syndrome or type. To illustrate this point, let's consider the following question: Would the epilepsy genes of two probands with an electroclinical picture compatible, let's say, with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy, both of which are exposed to phenytoin, but only one of which responds paradoxically to this drug, map to the same locus in the same chromosome? The answer to this important question is not yet known. Paradoxical responses of certain idiopathic epilepsies to antiseizure agents may have high pharmacogenomic/pharmacogenetic value by serving as tools for more precise and useful phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. These responses, when present, may help uncover polymorphisms by exposing phenotypic or genomic differences that otherwise would have remained hidden. Questions aimed at investigating and characterizing the occurrence of paradoxical responses to antiseizure agents should become a routine part of clinical history taking when evaluating persons with epilepsy.
A Scalable 32–56 Gb/s 0.56–1.28 pJ/b Voltage-Mode VCSEL-Based Optical Transmitter in 28-nm CMOS (2021)

An optical transmitter (TX) data path is demonstrated in 28-nm CMOS which drives an 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) up to 56 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ). A dc-coupled single-ended voltage-mode driver employs area- and energy-efficient equalization techniques including slew-rate-based pulse-shaping at <40 Gb/s, active shunt peaking, and a three-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE) at ≥40 Gb/s, for an optimum TX optical eye. At a 56 Gb/s data rate, the energy efficiency of 1.28 pJ/b from a 1.15 V supply is measured which is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt; 2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> more energy- and area-efficient than optical TXs reported to date. The highly digital circuit architecture enables the supply scalability to 0.7 and 0.85 V to operate the TX at 32 and 40 Gb/s at 0.56 and 0.77 pJ/b, respectively, which is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ge 4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> more energy-efficient than the prior art.
Capacity of Multiuser Diversity with Cooperative Relaying in Wireless Networks (2008)

This letter provides an analysis of the interaction between cooperative diversity and multiuser diversity in downlink channels. Through an approximation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distribution of each cooperative link using gamma distribution, we can derive an analytic expression for the average throughput of a single-cell wireless system with multiple cooperative diversity links combined with a fair-access scheduler. The proposed analytic approach is verified through comparisons with simulated results and shows that cooperative diversity has a detrimental impact on multiuser diversity.
Counterion Effects on Ion Mobility and Mobile Ion Concentration of Doped Polyphosphazenes and Polyphosphazene Ionomers. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Avoiding hemodynamic collapse during high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention: Advanced hemodynamics of impella support (2016)

The rate of performing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with complex coronary artery disease is increasing. The use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices provides critical periprocedural hemodynamic support. Mechanical support has increased the safety and efficacy of interventional procedures in this high-risk patient population. Predicting patient response to the selected intervention can be clinically challenging. Here we demonstrate a case where complete hemodynamic collapse during PCI was avoided by mechanical support provided by the Impella device. Further, we employ a comprehensive cardiovascular model to predict ventricular function and patient hemodynamics in response to the procedure. New computational tools may help interventionists visualize, understand, and predict the multifaceted hemodynamic aspects of these high risk procedures in individual patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FC 115HIGHER VARIABILITY OF SERUM PHOSPHATE IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY RISK ONLY WHEN ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOALBUMINEMIA (2021)

Abstract Background and Aims Both hypophosphatemia and hypoalbuminemia are established risk factors for mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Evidence indicates that higher variability of serum phosphate (P) is associated with higher risk of mortality. However, little is known about to what extent of this association is influenced by other risk factors, most importantly nutritional or inflammatory state. The aim of this study was to analyze the variability of serum P with all-cause mortality taking into account the interaction with the levels of albumin (Alb) Method All adult incident HD patients treated in Fresenius Medical Care North America (FMCNA) clinics between 01/2010 and 10/2018 were included. Serum P and Alb levels were averaged from month 1 to 6 after the start of dialysis (baseline). Baseline variability of P was described by coefficient of variation (CV). All-cause mortality was recorded between months 7 and 18. Cox proportional hazards models with spline terms were applied to explore the association between variability of P and Alb and all-cause mortality. Additionally, tensor product smoothing splines were computed to study the interactions of Alb and P variability and their associations with outcomes respectively. Results We enrolled 353,142 patients. The average age was 62.7 years, 58% were male, 64% were diabetic. Baseline P was 4.98 mg/dL, median serum P CV was 0.19. Baseline Alb was 3.61 g/dL. While we studied the joint effect of P variability with Alb on outcome, the association between P variability and outcomes appeared to be predominant in patients with low serum Alb levels (Fig. 1). Conclusion Higher P variability is associated with adverse outcomes but predominantly in patients with hypoalbuminemia. This suggests a major role for malnutrition and/or inflammation as explanatory factors for the association between P variability in outcome. A high P variability in this patient group can be interpreted as an additional risk factor. When studying the relation between the variability of a single parameter with outcome, the possible underlying role of “third factors” should be explored, for which the methodology used in this abstract might provide an example.
Frequent Pattern Compression: A Significance-Based Compression Scheme for L2 Caches (2004)

With the widening gap between processor and memory speeds, memory system designers may find cache compression beneficial to increase cache capacity and reduce off-chip bandwidth. Most hardware compression algorithms fall into the dictionary-based category, which depend on building a dictionary and using its entries to encode repeated data values. Such algorithms are effective in compressing large data blocks and files. Cache lines, however, are typically&#13;\nshort (32-256 bytes), and a per-line dictionary places a significant overhead that limits the compressibility and increases decompression latency of such algorithms. For such short lines, significance-based compression is an appealing alternative. We propose and evaluate a simple significance-based compression scheme that has a low compression and decompression overhead. This scheme, Frequent Pattern Compression (FF'C) compresses individual cache lines on a word-by-word basis by storing common word patterns in a compressed format accompanied with an appropriate prefix. For a 64-byte cache line, compression can be completed in three cycles and decompression in five cycles, assuming 12&#13;\nF04 gate delays per cycle. We propose a compressed cache design in which data is stored in a compressed form in the L2 caches, but are uncompressed in the L,1 caches. L2 cache lines are compressed to predetermined sizes that never exceed their original size to reduce decompression overhead. This simple scheme provides comparable compression ratios to more complex schemes that have higher cache hit latencies.
Large Two-Photon Absorption Enhancement with Extremely Nondegenerate Photons (2011)

Using extremely nondegenerate photons in frequency (energy ratios &gt;10/1), we measure 2-4 orders of magnitude enhancement of two-photon absorption in semiconductors compared to the degenerate case. We demonstrate sub-femtosecond gated detection directly on semiconductor diodes.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 In Vitro and In Vivo Modulates Binding to its DNA Consensus Sequence (2001)

The tumor-suppressor p53 undergoes extensive poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation early during apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells, and degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) attached to p53 coincides with poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1, (PARP-1) cleavage, and expression of p53 target genes. The mechanism by which poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation may regulate p53 function has now been investigated. Purified wild-type PARP-1 catalyzed the poly(ADP-ribosyl) of full-length p53 in vitro. In gel supershift assays, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation suppressed p53 binding to its DNA consensus sequence; however, when p53 remained unmodified in the presence of inactive mutant PARP-1, it retained sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 by PARP-1 during early apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells also inhibited p53 interaction with its DNA consensus sequence; thus, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation may represent a novel means for regulating transcriptional activation by p53 in vivo.
Distribution and Diversity of Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes in North America (2007)

Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., with Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) resistance based on the Dn4 gene has been important in managing Russian wheat aphid since 1994. Recently, five biotypes (RWA1–RWA5) of this aphid have been described based on their ability to differentially damage RWA resistance genes in wheat. RWA2, RWA4, and RWA5 are of great concern because they can kill wheat with Dn4 resistance. In 2005, 365 Russian wheat aphid clone colonies were made from collections taken from 98 fields of wheat or barley, Hordeum vulgare L., in Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming to determine their biotypic status. The biotype of each clone was determined through its ability to differentially damage two resistant and two susceptible wheat entries in two phases of screening. The first phase determined the damage responses of Russian wheat aphid wheat entries with resistance genes Dn4, Dn7, and susceptible 'Custer' to infestations by each clone to identify RWA1 to RWA4. The second phase used the responses of Custer and 'Yuma' wheat to identify RWA1 and RWA5. Only two biotypes, RWA1 and RWA2, were identified in this study. The biotype composition across all collection sites was 27.2% RWA1 and 72.8% RWA2. RWA biotype frequency by state indicated that RWA2 was the predominant biotype and composed 73–95% of the biotype complex in Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Wyoming. Our study indicated that RWA2 is widely distributed and that it has rapidly dominated the biotype complex in wheat and barley within its primary range from Texas to Wyoming. Wheat with the Dn4 resistance gene will have little value in managing RWA in the United States, based on the predominance of RWA2.
4DMRI-based analysis of inter— and intrafractional pancreas motion and deformation with different immobilization devices (2018)

Time-resolved magnetic resonance imaging (4DMRI) provides spatial motion information with high soft-tissue contrast. This study exploits the potential of 4DMRI by investigation of inter- and intrafractional pancreas motion and deformation with different patient immobilization devices. In total, 150 4DMRI scans were acquired for a cohort of 5 volunteers, each was scanned in 10 imaging sessions using three different positioning modes (flat table top (FTT), vacuum bag (VB), abdominal corset (AC)), respectively, to simulate repeated 4DMR imaging sessions of patients during fractionated radiotherapy. Large pancreatic motion variations were observed throughout the volunteers with mean inferior-superior (IS) motion amplitudes up to 28.5/21.9 mm for FTT/VB measurements, which were reduced by 48%/34%, respectively, by using abdominal corsets. Small IS motion reductions were present for vacuum bag measurements, compared to flat table top measurements. Corset measurements additionally showed an improved motion reproducibility between different days by more than 60% compared to FTT and VB. In anterior-posterior direction, motion amplitudes were reduced by 69%/60% for corset measurement, compared to FTT/VB, and their day-to-day fluctuations were reduced by approximately 130%. With respect to respiration-induced pancreas deformations, the pancreas showed the lowest deformation and highest reproducibility for corset measurements in 4 out of 5 volunteers. Moreover, both, the VB and AC setup showed a generally improved setup reproducibility compared to the non-immobilized flat table top setting. All in all, in this study, abdominal corsets showed to reduce both pancreatic motion and deformations. Moreover, by using corsets it is possible to improve the reproducibility of both pancreatic motion and deformation, which are important factors in radiotherapy treatments. Therefore, radiotherapy treatments of pancreatic cancer patients with abdominal corsets may be a viable option for patients with large internal organ motion amplitudes and may lead to a better consistency of the treatment planning and delivery situation.
Hyperdimensional Computing Using Time-To-Spike Neuromorphic Circuits (2022)

Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSA) can be used to encode complex objects, such as services and sensors, as hypervectors. Such hypervectors can be used to perform efficient distributed service discovery and workflow orchestration in communications constrained environments typical of the Internet of Things (IoT). In these environments, energy efficiency is of great importance. However, most hypervector representations use dense i.i.d element values and performing energy efficient hyperdimensional computing operations on such dense vectors is challenging. More recently, a sparse binary VSA scheme has been proposed based on a slot encoding having <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$M$</tex> slots with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$B$</tex> bit positions per slot, in which only one bit per slot can be set. This paper shows for the first time that such sparse encoded hypervectors can be mapped into energy-efficient time-to-spike Spiking Neural Network (SNN) circuits, such that all the required VSA operations can be performed. Example VSA SNN circuits have been implemented in the Brian 2 SNN simulator, showing that all VSA binding, bundling, unbinding, and clean-up memory operations execute correctly. Based on these circuit implementations, estimates of the energy and processing time required to perform the different VSA operations on typical SNN neuromorphic devices are estimated. Recommendations for the design of future SNN neuromorphic processor hardware that can more efficiently perform VSA processing are also made.
Supplementary Figures from The Dolaflexin-based Antibody–Drug Conjugate XMT-1536 Targets the Solid Tumor Lineage Antigen SLC34A2/NaPi2b (2023)

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Supplementary Figure Legends from Delivery of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Small Interfering RNA in Complex with Positively Charged Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Suppresses Tumor Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends from Delivery of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Small Interfering RNA in Complex with Positively Charged Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Suppresses Tumor Growth
<title>Cost and yield estimation in a virtual IC factory</title> (1994)

A methodology to include cost and yield estimation in a comprehensive TCAD model of semiconductor processing is presented. The underlying idea is that a process recipe used to drive TCAD simulators contains a complete set of information about the process. If it is combined with empirical equipment data, a set of models can be constructed to describe cost as a function of the process recipe and equipment data. This paper presents a user-configurable cost modeling tool tightly integrated with TCAD simulators, enabling the user to study related and important questions of cost and yield not covered by traditional TCAD tools.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Utility and Mechanistic Implications of the Fries Rearrangement of Hydroquinone Diesters in Boron Trifluoride Complexes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) transmission gratings formed by visible light initiated thiol-ene photopolymerization (2006)

We report on the initial development of a visible initiator for thiol-ene photopolymerization using the 647 nm radiation from a Krypton ion laser. The photoinitiator system consists of the dye oxazine 170 perchlorate and the co-initiator benzoyl peroxide. Electron transfer occurs between the singlet excited state of the oxazine dye and benzoyl peroxide with subsequent decomposition of the peroxide yielding benzoyl oxy radicals capable of free radical initiation. We demonstrate that this photoinitiation system enables holographic patterning of HPDLC gratings as initial Bragg transmission gratings with a periodicity less than one micron using 647 nm radiation. These gratings were electrically switchable between a diffractive and transmissive state. Morphology studies using bright field transmission electron microscopy (BFTEM) indicate the phase separation of nearly spherical shaped nematic liquid crystal droplets of several hundred nanometers in diameter. This demonstration suggests that reflection gratings can be written using this photoinitiator system and 647 nm radiation which have switchable notch wavelengths approaching 2 microns.
Pharmacokinetic modeling of targeted microbubbles: applications in angiogenesis imaging and therapy monitoring (2017)

Introduction The recognition of the key role of angiogenesis for cancer growth has opened new frontiers in oncology1. In cancer therapy, the development of novel drugs aimed at blocking angiogenic processes has spurred the need for imaging biomarkers able to assess and predict the response to therapy. In response, targeted contrast agents have been developed providing selective enhancement in areas of active angiogenesis by binding to specific molecules over-expressed in angiogenic tumor vasculature. In the context of ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI), the first and currently only clinical-translatable targeted ultrasound contrast agent (tUCA) is obtained from conventional UCA by decoration of the microbubble shell with ligands targeting the vascular endothelial growth receptor factor 2 (VEGFR2), over-expressed in several solid tumors1. Assessment of the level of binding has been adopted as an indirect way of quantifying angiogenesis. Semi-quantitatively, this is done by looking at the late-enhancement (LE) several minutes after injection, often in conjunction with the application of a high-pressure US burst to derive the differential targeted enhancement (dTE), i.e., the difference in the acoustic signal before and after the application of the high-pressure burst1,2. For quantitative assessment, we recently proposed pharmacokinetic modeling of the binding kinetics of tUCA by the first-pass binding model (FPB), enabling quantification of angiogenesis by estimation of the microbubble binding rate (Kb)3. Here, we show the feasibility of the method for angiogenesis imaging in 11 rat models of prostate cancer, and for therapy monitoring of colorectal cancer in 17 mice undergoing anti-angiogenic treatment. Methods Time-intensity curves extracted at each pixel/voxel of USMI loops were fitted by the FPB model for estimation of the microbubble binding rate Kb. This was compared to semi-quantitative assessment by LE and dTE for: (i) angiogenesis imaging of prostate cancer by comparing parameter values in cancer and healthy regions of interest (ROIs) in 11 rats; (ii) anti-angiogenic therapy monitoring by comparing parameter values in responders, non-responders, and control mice at 5 time points during anti-angiogenic treatment. Results and Discussion Table I shows the differences in USMI parameters in healthy and tumor ROIs, obtained in 11 prostate-tumor bearing rats. Figure 1 shows the changes in USMI parameters during antiangiogenic treatment, obtained in 17 colorectal cancer-bearing mice. The results suggest the microbubble binding rate Kb to be a promising quantitative biomarker of angiogenesis, enabling the distinction between healthy and cancer tissue, and the early prediction of the response to anti-antiangiogenic therapy.
Inferior Cubital Artery Perforator Flap for Soft-Tissue Coverage of the Elbow (2016)

The perforator flap procedure is a major advancement in reconstructive surgery. One potential application of the perforator flaps is the use of tissue adjacent to a defect as a perforator-based island flap. The use of this tissue allows for thinner flaps to be tailored for more accurate reconstruction. A flap that depends on a perforator branch of the radial artery called the inferior cubital artery seems to be an excellent solution for soft-tissue coverage of the elbow.