gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic and thermoacoustic imaging with a multichannel breast scanner (2012)

Photoacoustic and thermoacoustic phantom images obtained with a multi-channel breast scanner designed for breast cancer screening are presented here. A tunable laser system (OPOTEK Vibrant 355 I, Calsbad,CA) with a pulse duration of 5 ns was used for photoacoustic irradiation, and a 3.0 GHz microwave source with a pulse width of 0.3-1 &mu;s was used for thermoacoustic tomography. Multiple (&gt;=16) 2.25 MHz single-element unfocused ultrasonic transducers at different depths were scanned simultaneously for a full 360&deg; to obtain a full data set for three-dimensional (3D) tomography. Negative acoustic lenses were attached to these unfocused transducers to increase their acceptance angles. An ultrasound receiving system with 64 parallel receiving channels (Verasonics Inc. Redmond, WA) was used for data acquisition. A filtered backprojection algorithm was used to reconstruct two-dimensional (2D) and 3D images. Different phantoms were imaged to evaluate the performance of the scanner. A lateral resolution of less than 1 mm and an elevational resolution of less than 5 mm were achieved. The phantom studies demonstrate that this scanner can potentially provide high-resolution, dual-modality, three-dimensional images and can potentially be used for human breast cancer screening.
Audio Coding with Mixing Flexibility at the Decoder Side (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Motivation and details Side information Using spatial audio decoders as mixers Transcoding to MPEG Surround Conclusions
45‐1: Invited Paper: Charge Balance in OLEDs: Optimization of Hole‐Injection Layer (2022)

In this work, we provide a novel strategy to improve the charge balance in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) by optimizing the hole injection layer (HIL) and thereby controlling the overall hole supply in the device. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO) of the p‐dopant proposed in this work, PD02, is ‐4.63 eV, much shallower than that of the commercial material (PD01). Nevertheless, this enables use of the doping concentration to modulate the supply of holes to the emissive layer to control the charge balance. We demonstrate that device performances are significantly improved by employing such a scheme. With 23% molar doping of PD02, a bottom emission red OLED achieves external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 30%, operating voltage of 3.4 V and LT 95 ~ 15,000 h at 10 mA/cm 2 . Moreover, the efficiency roll‐off is also suppressed up till ~ 3,500 cd/m 2 , a desirable feature in display applications. A study of exciton distribution within the emissive layer suggests that improved charge balance is indeed achieved in the optimized structure. An additional benefit from the modified HIL is its lower lateral conductivity relative to the standard formula, which reduces crosstalk between RGB pixels.
Chronic Kidney Disease Presenting With Brown Tumors in the Mandible (2022)

A 45-year-old man with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) on controlled dialysis presented with right-sided painful jaw swelling and protruding into the oral cavity for one year. Examination revealed a 3 x 2.5-cm hard, fixed, and tender swelling of the right mandible. Imaging showed expansile radiolucent lesions in bilateral retromolar regions of the mandible, local destruction of the basal bone, and diffuse osteopenia of the skull. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH), elevated serum calcium, normal serum phosphorous, and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP). A provisional diagnosis of tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) causing brown tumors was made, which was confirmed on histopathology. Surgical removal of the lesion and subtotal parathyroidectomy were done followed by cinacalcet and controlled dialysis. This case report highlights the possibility of encountering multiple focal brown tumors in a patient and the importance of their differentiation from malignancy.
Taming the Communication and Computation Complexity of Combinatorial Auctions: The FUEL Bid Language (2022)

Combinatorial auctions have found widespread application for allocating multiple items in the presence of complex bidder preferences. The enumerative exclusive OR (XOR) bid language is the de facto standard bid language for spectrum auctions and other applications, despite the difficulties, in larger auctions, of enumerating all the relevant packages or solving the resulting NP-hard winner determination problem. We introduce the flexible use and efficient licensing (FUEL) bid language, which was proposed for radio spectrum auctions to ease both communications and computations compared with XOR-based auctions. We model the resulting allocation problem as an integer program, discuss computational complexity, and conduct an extensive set of computational experiments, showing that the winner determination problem of the FUEL bid language can be solved reliably for large realistic-sized problem instances in less than half an hour on average. In contrast, auctions with an XOR bid language quickly become intractable even for much smaller problem sizes. We compare a sealed-bid FUEL auction to a sealed-bid auction with an XOR bid language and to a simultaneous clock auction. The sealed-bid auction with an XOR bid language incurs significant welfare losses because of the missing bids problem and computational hardness, the simultaneous clock auction leads to a substantially lower efficiency than FUEL because of the exposure problem. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant BI 1057-1/8]. P. Milgrom gratefully acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation [Grant SES-1947514]. M. Bichler and G. Schwarz was supported by the German Research Foundation [Grants BI 1057 I-9 and 277991500]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4465 .
Childhood adversity moderates the effect ofADH1Bon risk for alcohol-related phenotypes in Jewish Israeli drinkers (2013)

Childhood adversity and genetic variant ADH1B-rs1229984 have each been shown to influence heavy alcohol consumption and disorders. However, little is known about how these factors jointly influence these outcomes. We assessed the main and additive interactive effects of childhood adversity (abuse, neglect and parental divorce) and the ADH1B-rs1229984 on the quantitative phenotypes 'maximum drinks in a day' (Maxdrinks) and DSM-Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) severity, adjusting for demographic variables, in an Israeli sample of adult household residents (n = 1143) evaluated between 2007 and 2009. Childhood adversity and absence of the protective ADH1B-rs1229984 A allele were associated with greater mean Maxdrinks (mean differences: 1.50; 1.13, respectively) and AUD severity (mean ratios: 0.71; 0.27, respectively). In addition, childhood adversity moderated the ADH1B-rs1229984 effect on Maxdrinks (P < 0.01) and AUD severity (P < 0.05), in that there was a stronger effect of ADH1B-rs1229984 genotype on Maxdrinks and AUD severity among those who had experienced childhood adversity compared with those who had not. ADH1B-rs1229984 impacts alcohol metabolism. Therefore, among those at risk for greater consumption, e.g. those who experienced childhood adversity, ADH1B-rs1229984 appears to have a stronger effect on alcohol consumption and consequently on risk for AUD symptom severity. Evidence for the interaction of genetic vulnerability and early life adversity on alcohol-related phenotypes provides further insight into the complex relationships between genetic and environmental risk factors.
Synthetic Enzymology and the Fountain of Youth: Repurposing Biology for Longevity (2018)

Caloric restriction (CR) is an intervention that can increase maximal lifespan in organisms, but its application to humans remains challenging. A more feasible approach to achieve lifespan extension is to develop CR mimetics that target biochemical pathways affected by CR. Recent studies in the engineering and structural characterization of polyketide synthases (PKSs) have facilitated their use as biocatalysts to produce novel polyketides. Here, we show that by establishing a combinatorial biosynthetic route in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and exploring the substrate promiscuity of a mutant PKS from alfalfa, 413 potential anti-ageing polyketides were biosynthesized. In this approach, novel acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) precursors generated by promiscuous acid-CoA ligases were utilized by PKS to generate polyketides which were then fed to <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> to study their potential efficacy in lifespan extension. It was found that CR mimetics like resveratrol can counter the age-associated decline in mitochondrial function and increase the lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i>. Using the mitochondrial respiration profile of <i>C. elegans</i> supplemented for 8 days with 50 μM resveratrol as a blueprint, we can screen our novel polyketides for potential CR mimetics with improved potency. This study highlights the utility of synthetic enzymology in the development of novel anti-ageing therapeutics.
Holzvorrat, Holzzuwachs, Holznutzung in Deutschland : Ergebnisse einer Kohlenstoffinventur auf Bundeswaldinventur-Basis ; die Inventurstudie 2008: Die Inventurstudie 2008 : Ergebnisse einer Kohlenstoffinventur auf Bundeswaldinventur-Basis ; die Inventurstudie 2008 Ergebnisse einer Kohlenstoffinventur auf Bundeswaldinventur-Basis : Holzvorrat, Holzzuwachs, Holznutzung in Deutschland ; die Inventurstudie 2008 (2009)

Die im Jahr 2008 auf einer Unterstichprobe der Bundeswaldinventur (BWI) erhobenen Daten ermoglichen erstmals zuverlassige Aussagen uber den Holzzuwachs und die Entwicklung des Holzvorrates fur ganz Deutschland nach der Wiedervereinigung. Damit stehen fur den durch verstarkte Holznachfrage gekennzeichneten Zeitraum von 2002 bis 2008 auf nationaler Ebene reprasentative Informationen fur ein Kernelement der forstlichen Nachhaltigkeit zur Verfugung.
The road towards aggressive pitch scaling with single exposure EUV (2021)

In 2015 IBM announced the first 7 nm test chip patterned with Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUV) technology, enabling 36nm back end of the line (BEOL) metal pitch and self-aligned contact. Five years later, EUV has become the mainstream enabler for 7 nm node manufacturing, including the recent announcement of IBM Power10 high-performance chip. The high-performance definition of this technology, essential to IBMs server chips, has unique requirements that push the process complexity even further. In this paper, we will review some of the challenges and patterning solutions that will allow successful implementation of high-performance design definitions. We will also discuss our current efforts to extend the use of single expose EUV in the printing of interconnects to a second node, over a multi-patterning scheme, by replicating our strategy of co-optimization across all contributors to patterning success. We will review a few examples of this approach, including resolution improvements of our latest NXE3400 EUV system, all of which have allowed us to realize significant yields for our transistor interconnects at 28nm pitch. The entitlement of each process and material will be gauged through a robust characterization methodology that includes an understanding of the defect mode modulated, as well its ultimate correlation to electrical yield.
Insertion Transformer: Flexible Sequence Generation via Insertion Operations (2019)

We present the Insertion Transformer, an iterative, partially autoregressive model for sequence generation based on insertion operations. Unlike typical autoregressive models which rely on a fixed, often left-to-right ordering of the output, our approach accommodates arbitrary orderings by allowing for tokens to be inserted anywhere in the sequence during decoding. This flexibility confers a number of advantages: for instance, not only can our model be trained to follow specific orderings such as left-to-right generation or a binary tree traversal, but it can also be trained to maximize entropy over all valid insertions for robustness. In addition, our model seamlessly accommodates both fully autoregressive generation (one insertion at a time) and partially autoregressive generation (simultaneous insertions at multiple locations). We validate our approach by analyzing its performance on the WMT 2014 English-German machine translation task under various settings for training and decoding. We find that the Insertion Transformer outperforms many prior non-autoregressive approaches to translation at comparable or better levels of parallelism, and successfully recovers the performance of the original Transformer while requiring only logarithmically many iterations during decoding.
CFO estimation and correction in a WiMAX-like FBMC system (2009)

In this contribution we evaluate pilot-based carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation and its correction in a filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) system. We show that by applying certain pilots designed specifically for filter banks, the CFO can be accurately estimated. The performance evaluation is done in a hypothetical WiMAX scenario in which an FBMC system would substitute OFDM maintaining as much physical layer compatibility as possible.
Synthesis, Photophysical, Photochemical, and Redox Properties of Nitrospiropyrans Substituted with Ru or Os Tris(bipyridine) Complexes (2006)

Photochromic nitrospiropyrans substituted with 2,2‘-bipyridine (bpy), [Ru(bpy)3]2+, and [Os(bpy)3]2+ groups were synthesized, and their photophysical, photochemical, and redox properties investigated. Substitution of the spiropyran with the metal complex moiety results in strongly decreased efficiency of the ring-opening process as a result of energy transfer from the excited spiropyran to the metal center. The lowest excited triplet state of the spiropyran in its open merocyanine form is lower in energy than the excited triplet MLCT level of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ moiety but higher in energy than for [Os(bpy)3]2+, resulting in energy transfer from the excited ruthenium center to the spiropyran but inversely in the osmium case. The open merocyanine form reduces and oxidizes electrochemically more easily than the closed nitrospiropyran. Like photoexcitation, electrochemical activation also causes opening of the spiropyran ring by first reducing the closed form and subsequently reoxidizing the corresponding radical anion in two well-resolved anodic steps. Interestingly, the substitution of the spiropyran with a Ru or Os metal center does not affect the efficiency of this electrochemically induced ring-opening process, different from the photochemical path.
Distributed Construction of a Fault-Tolerant Network from a Tree (2006)

We present an algorithm by which nodes arranged in a tree, with each node initially knowing only its parent and children, can construct a fault-tolerant communication structure (an expander graph) among themselves in a distributed and scalable way. The tree overlayed with this logical expander is a useful structure for distributed applications that require the intrinsic "treeness" from the topology but cannot afford any obstruction in communication due to failures. At the core of our construction is a novel distributed mechanism that samples nodes uniformly at random from the tree. In the event of node joins, node departures or node failures, the expander maintains its own fault tolerance and permits the reformation of the tree. We present simulation results to quantify the convergence of our algorithm to a fault tolerant network having both good vertex connectivity and expansion properties.
Abstract 11310: SR Ca2+ Leak is Temperature[[Unable to Display Character: –]]Sensitive: Rol of the Nitroso-Redox Balance (2013)

The role of neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) in regulating sarcomeric reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak, which impairs Ca2+ cycling and contractile dysfunction of the heart, remains highly controversial. Leak is...
Ordered Network Mesostructures in Block Polymer Materials (2009)

Block polymers are formed by the covalent union of two or more chemically distinct homopolymers. These composite macromolecules self-assemble into a variety of ordered morphologies with features on the nanometer length scale, a phenomenon that has interested researchers for roughly four decades. The known ordered morphologies include numerous multiply continuous network mesostructures, the focus of this review. Multiply continuous network morphologies contain two or more chemically distinct domains that continuously percolate through the specimen in all three dimensions. They have captivated researchers because of their superior mechanical properties and could potentially find utility in technologies such as catalysis, photonic materials, solar cells, and separations. This review summarizes experimental and theoretical investigations of the structures and properties of network morphologies in AB block copolymer and ABC block terpolymer systems and includes a discussion of some proposed technological applications of these intriguing mesostructures.
Machine Learning Emulation of Model Predictive Control for Modular Multilevel Converters (2020)

This article proposes a machine learning (ML)-based emulation of model predictive control (MPC) for modular multilevel converters (MMCs). In particular, the artificial neural network model, trained offline by the data collected from the traditional fast MPC method, is used to control the MMCs with high accuracy. With this offline training, the majority of computational burden is transferred from online to offline. Therefore, the proposed ML MPC can replace the role of the traditional MPC. The experimental results show that the proposed ML-based MPC has the same performance as the conventional MPC but a significantly computationally efficient structure. The finding from the letter provides ground for many other applications for ML-based emulation of complex controllers in power electronic systems.
Improving Repair Quality of Turbine Nozzles Using SA650 Braze Alloy (2000)

Due to competitive pressures, airlines are requesting that engine manufacturers reduce cost of ownership for their products. Developing repairs instead of replacement, and enhancing repairs already available, are key methods to do this. Airfoil components of high pressure and low pressure turbines are subject to wear and replacement due to thermal fatigue and oxidation. These are the highest cost items for maintenance and replacement and thus repairs for these components were among the first to be developed. Initially these parts were repaired by Gas Tungsten Arc (GTAW) welding, however, yields were low and part performance was degraded by the metallurgical degradation of the weld heat affected zone. The next improvement in repair was the development of the brazing process known as Activated Diffusion Healing (ADH). By cleaning and brazing the cracked areas, many parts were successfully repaired and returned to service. Now, GE Engine Services has developed a more advanced brazing alloy, SA650, which is a significant improvement in strength over older brazing alloys while offering superb resistance to high temperature oxidation. This provides higher tensile and creep strength in the repaired component, allowing improved performance and increased time on wing before cracking reoccurs and repair again becomes necessary. This is an example of the overall strategy of GE Engine Services to expand the number and quality of repairs offered to its customers.
Supplementary Data 4 from Discovery of JNJ-63576253, a Next-Generation Androgen Receptor Antagonist Active Against Wild-Type and Clinically Relevant Ligand Binding Domain Mutations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

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Supplementary Methods, Figure Legend 1 from The Vitamin E Analogue α-TEA Stimulates Tumor Autophagy and Enhances Antigen Cross-Presentation (2023)

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Inpatient COVID-19 outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients compared to non-solid organ transplant patients: A retrospective cohort (2020)

Immunosuppression and comorbidities might place solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients at higher risk from COVID-19, as suggested by recent case series. We compared 45 SOT vs. 2427 non-SOT patients who were admitted with COVID-19 to our health-care system (March 1, 2020 - August 21, 2020), evaluating hospital length-of-stay and inpatient mortality using competing-risks regression. We compared trajectories of WHO COVID-19 severity scale using mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression, adjusting for severity score at admission. SOT and non-SOT patients had comparable age, sex, and race, but SOT recipients were more likely to have diabetes (60% vs. 34%, p < .001), hypertension (69% vs. 44%, p = .001), HIV (7% vs. 1.4%, p = .024), and peripheral vascular disorders (19% vs. 8%, p = .018). There were no statistically significant differences between SOT and non-SOT in maximum illness severity score (p = .13), length-of-stay (sHR: <sub>0.9</sub> 1.1<sub>1.4</sub> , p = .5), or mortality (sHR: <sub>0.1</sub> 0.4<sub>1.6</sub> , p = .19), although the severity score on admission was slightly lower for SOT (median [IQR] 3 [3, 4]) than for non-SOT (median [IQR] 4 [3-4]) (p = .042) Despite a higher risk profile, SOT recipients had a faster decline in disease severity over time (OR = <sub>0.76</sub> 0.81<sub>0.86</sub> , p < .001) compared with non-SOT patients. These findings have implications for transplant decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic, and insights about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on immunosuppressed patients.
Long range audio laser communication link in a maritime environment (2010)

The Defence Science & Technology Organisation (DSTO), in collaboration with the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), has performed long distance experiments on analogue modulated free space optical links across Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. In the present work, pulse frequency modulation was used to transmit audio signals over a distance of 32 km (folded path across the Bay). Still images were transmitted using slow scan television (SSTV) techniques, and a novel technique to decrease the transmission time of SSTV images is presented.
A 0.8 μm CMOS 2.5 Gb/s oversampled receiver for serial links (2002)

The demand for higher bit rates by the communications industry has led to the development of high bit rate and low cost serial link interface chips. Recently, interest has grown in using modest CMOS technology to achieve similar bit rates. This work achieves SONET OC-48 (2.488 Gbps) rates with 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Because the data rate is near the process unity-gain frequency, a parallel architecture is used to demultiplex the data stream at the input. N precisely-spaced clocks that run at 1/N of the data rate are used. Instead of a conventional analog PLL that would require low noise sensitivity, this work explores oversampling each data bit and using digital logic to select the proper bit values. Although data is not sampled at the center of the eye, the digital loop can choose the best sample with bandwidth roughly the data transition rate.
A multilayer paint technique for erosion modelling (2009)

The problem of surface erosion of components in multiphase flow equipment, due to the impact of solid particles, can be addressed through modifications to flow geometry. Since, for any given material, erosion rate is a function of both particle velocity and impingement angle (Wu et al. 2005), a fluid mechanics-based approach is justified.