gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A bidirectional grammar-based medical speech translator (2007)

We describe a bidirectional version of the grammar-based MedSLT medical speech system. The system supports simple medical examination dialogues about throat pain between an English-speaking physician and a Spanish-speaking patient. The physician's side of the dialogue is assumed to consist mostly of WH-questions, and the patient's of elliptical answers. The paper focusses on the grammar-based speech processing architecture, the ellipsis resolution mechanism, and the online help system.
Current control system based on repetitive control and disturbance observer for single-phase five-level inverter (2015)

This paper proposes a frequency separation type current control system for a grid-connected single-phase five-level inverter. The proposed control system realizes high tracking performance and high disturbance suppression performance. To obtain high tracking performance to the sinusoidal reference signal, a repetitive controller is applied to the current controller. The current controller with a repetitive controller is capable of tracking to fundamental frequency, without the steady-state error. The disturbance observer using a notch filter (notch type disturbance observer) is used to obtain the high disturbance suppression performance. Using the notch type disturbance observer, the frequency components except for the fundamental frequency are suppressed. The proposed control system is configured by combining the current controller with a repetitive controller and a PI controller, and adding a notch type disturbance observer. Numerical simulation results and experimental results confirm that the proposed control system effectively reduces the output current distortion. The THD of the output current is reduced by 15.5 % when using the proposed control system.
Investigation of the mechanism of radical propagation in E. coli ribonucleotide reductase by site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids (2007)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, February 2008.
Session details: Session 3A: Touch It, Feel It (2016)

No abstract available.
A contrast echocardiography image analysis workstation used to quantify myocardial blood flow using left atrial injection of contrast (2002)

A contrast echocardiography workstation was developed and used to determine whether the myocardial transit rate of microbubbles injected into the left atrium would also correlate with regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF). End diastolic images were analyzed and time intensity plots are automatically derived from the anterior myocardium. It has been found that there is a close linear correlation between myocardial microbubble transit rate and RMBF in the 7 dogs tested (r=0.83, SEE=0.14, p<0.001). A poor correlation was noted between cardiac output and myocardial microbubble transit rate (r=0.43, p=0.14) suggesting that the myocardial transit rate of the microbubbles was not merely reflecting the input function. These findings and image analysis techniques may form the basis of measuring RMBF during myocardial contrast echocardiography following an intravenous injection of contrast.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conformational Studies of G‐Actin Containing Bound Lanthanide (1982)

The presence of bound Ln ions gives rise to changes in the ultraviolet absorbance of G-actin. Previously, Ln ions have been shown to mobilize the adenosine moiety of ATP bound to the actin monomer. The changes in ultraviolet absorbance appear to be fully attributable to this mobilization. Any structural changes induced in G-actin by the substitution of Ln ions for Ca2+ must be small enough so as not to perturb the environment of any aromatic chromophores other than those exposed by the mobility of the nucleotide. This conclusion is supported by measurements of the rates of proteolytic digestion of actin with and without bound Ln ions. The effect of Ln ions on the actin-bound nucleotide is not simply due to the increase in positive charge on the actin monomer. This is demonstrated by the absence of any ultraviolet spectral changes on the addition of a fivefold excess of Ca2+. Analysis of the ultraviolet difference spectrum obtained when Ln ions bind to G-actin indicates that at least one tryptophan residue is partially exposed to the solvent coincident with mobilization of the nucleotide. Tb3+ luminescence enhancement studies indicate that there are no Trp, Tyr or Phe residues in the vicinity of the high-affinity cation site. These results suggest that the exposed Trp may be close to the nucleotide.
Anti-Vibration Characteristics of a Lateral Shear Interferometer for On-Machine Surface Measurement (2005)

Lateral shear interferometers have large measurement range and good anti-disturbance ability. They have similar accuracy compared with the reference based interferometers. Based on a specially designed shear generator, a new lateral shear interferometer is proposed. The new system has a complete common optical path and a simple mechanism. The optical model of the interferometer is presented and the anti-vibration characteristics are analyzed. To validate its antivibration ability for on-machine surface measurement, experimental tests have been conducted and results presented.
Inhibition of expression of the tryptophanase operon in Escherichia coli by extrachromosomal copies of the tna leader region (1993)

Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon in Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and transcription attenuation. Expression is induced by the presence of elevated levels of tryptophan in a growth medium devoid of a catabolite-repressing carbon source. Induction requires the translation of a 24-residue coding region, tnaC, located in the 319-nucleotide transcribed leader region preceding tnaA, the structural gene for tryptophanase. Multicopy plasmids carrying the tnaC leader region were found to inhibit induction of the chromosomal tna operon. Mutational studies established that this inhibition was not due to inhibited transcription initiation, translation initiation, tryptophan transport, or enzyme activity. Rather, multicopy tnaC plasmids inhibited induction by preventing tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination in the leader region of the tna operon. Translation of the single Trp codon in tnaC of the multicopy plasmids was shown to be essential for this inhibition. We hypothesize that translation of the Trp codon of the leader peptide titrates out a trans-acting factor that is essential for tryptophan-induced antitermination in the chromosomal tna operon. We postulate that this factor is an altered form of tRNATrp.
Encouraging long‐term survival following autophagy inhibition using neoadjuvant hydroxychloroquine and gemcitabine for high‐risk patients with resectable pancreatic carcinoma (2021)

Compared to historical data, neoadjuvant autophagy inhibition with HCQ plus gemcitabine is associated with encouraging long-term survival for patients with PDAC.
Gene promoter hypermethylation in tumors and lymph nodes of stage I lung cancer patients. (2003)

Promoter hypermethylation is an important pathway for repression of gene transcription in cancer cells and a promising marker for cancer detection. We tested five gene promoters [CDKN2A (p16), O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and death-associated protein kinase (DAPK)] by real-time methylation-specific PCR in primary tumors from 90 stage I lung cancer patients for aberrant DNA methylation. We then used the presence of tumor methylation as a marker to investigate the presence of occult metastasis in corresponding histologically negative lymph nodes. Of the primary tumors, 73 of 90 (81%) displayed promoter hypermethylation in at least one of the genes studied: 17% (15 of 90) at p16 (CDKN2A); 16% (14 of 90) at O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase; 8% (7 of 90) at GSTP1; 72% (65 of 90) at APC; and 17% (15 of 90) at DAPK. Squamous histology was predictive of worse overall survival (P = 0.074, log-rank test). APC methylation and GSTP1 methylation in the primary tumor were both correlated with nonsquamous histology (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01 likelihood ratio respectively). The presence of both APC methylation and DAPK methylation in the primary tumor predicted a worse outcome, with 7 of 13 (54%) deaths in this group compared with 21 of 77 (27%) deaths in cases without both genes methylated (P = 0.229, log-rank test). The same methylation pattern was detected in DNA from at least one of the corresponding lymph nodes in 11 of 73 (15%) cases. Five of 11 (45%) patients with occult metastasis detected by methylation analysis have died compared with 17 of 62 (27%) patients with negative lymph nodes, although survival analysis did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.632, log-rank test). Promoter hypermethylation is common in lung cancer and represents a promising marker for the molecular staging of lung cancer patients. Although this study showed important trends, a larger prospective study is required to better understand the value of methylation analysis in detecting occult metastasis.
An Integrated MEMS System for In-Situ Mechanical Testing of Nanostructures (2004)

We present a hybrid nano-electromechanical system for study of the mechanics of nanostructures. The system has a testing platform based on a deep reactive ion-etched high aspect ratio MEMS device. A new approach has been developed with top-down manufacturing of the micro-device and bottom-up post-fabrication assembly of samples (nanostructures) to be tested. A process that minimizes chemical or physical damage of the sample is used to integrate suspended nanowires/nanotubes into the system. The system provides nanoscale resolution of displacement and force. The device is used in an SEM and is being tested for in situ experiments on various nanowires or nanotubes.
Influence of structure-selective fluorene-based polymer wrapping on optical transitions of single-wall carbon nanotubes (2013)

To understand how fluorene-based polymers selectively extract specific semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), we compared the optical transitions of SWCNTs wrapped with poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-pyridine) (PFOPy), i.e., structure-selective polymers, with those wrapped with poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorene) (PFD), i.e., non-selective polymers, in organic solvents by using photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectroscopy. Two (n,m) species of PFOPy-wrapped SWCNTs with intermediate chiral angles exhibited blue-shifted emissions compared with the PFD-wrapped SWCNTs. The shifts in the peaks of PL signals cannot be explained in terms of the dielectric screening effect, but can plausibly be explained in terms of the strains of specific SWCNTs due to the PFOPy wrapping. Moreover, the emissions of specific SWCNTs wrapped with PFOPy were not blue-shifted as much when the solvent was changed from toluene to p-xylene, and this result could be accounted for by a change in the rigidity of the fluorene backbone. Moreover, using p-xylene instead of toluene lowered the selectivity of the SWCNT extraction, thereby suggesting the importance of having a rigid fluorene backbone for selective extraction of SWCNTs.
New insights into the morphology of Malaxis acuminata D Don (2014)

Correct botanical identity of important ayurvedic drugs is generally a matter of confusion as most of these are known by their local/trade names. This usually hampers dedicated conservation and domestication efforts as several of high in demand Ayurvedic herbs suffer due to unsustainable harvests. The situation is grimmer in such herbs which have widespread usage and demand. Malaxis acuminata D Don syn Microstylis wallichii Lindl is an important ingredient of an important polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation ‘Ashtavarga’. This species is variously known as Jivakah (as per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India), Jivya, Dirghayu, Cirajivi (in Sanskrit), Jeevak (in Hindi and English), Jeevakam (in Malayalam and Tamil), Jeevakamu (in Telugu). These different names (for the same identity) generally lead to misidentification, unintentional adulteration etc with an adverse impact on its potency. The present studies have brought out several hitherto unknown morphological features like palisade ratio (0.84 ± 0.03), stomatal index (8.43 ± 0.80), stomata number (70.34 ± 2.28), stomata size (0.036 ± 0.0005mm ×0.03 ± 0.0006 mm) and type of stomata (anomocytic) of M acuminata that can be helpful in its correct identification. Visual characterization of the economic part of this species has also been attempted to differentiate between almost globular pseudobulb and rhizome.
Elastic properties of porous low-k dielectric nano-films (2011)

Low-k dielectrics have predominantly replaced silicon dioxide as the interlayer dielectric for interconnects in state of the art integrated circuits. In order to further reduce interconnect RC delays, additional reductions in k for these low-k materials are being pursued via the introduction of controlled levels of porosity. The main challenge for such dielectrics is the substantial reduction in elastic properties that accompanies the increased pore volume. We report on Brillouin light scattering measurements used to determine the elastic properties of these films at thicknesses well below 200 nm, which are pertinent to their introduction into present ultralarge scale integrated technology. The observation of longitudinal and transverse standing wave acoustic resonances and their transformation into traveling waves with finite in-plane wave vectors provides for a direct non-destructive measure of the principal elastic constants that characterize the elastic properties of these porous nano-scale films. The mode dispersion further confirms that for porosity levels of up to 25%, the reduction in the dielectric constant does not result in severe degradation in the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the films.
Establishment of a neuroendocrine prostate cancer model driven by the RNA splicing factor SRRM4 (2017)

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is becoming more prevalent as more potent androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors are applied to patients with metastatic tumors. However, there are limited cell and xenograft models currently available, hindering the investigation of signal pathways involved in regulating NEPC progression and the design of high throughput screening assays for inhibitors to treat NEPC patients. Here, we report an NEPC model, LnNE, that is derived from prostate adenocarcinoma cells and has global similarity in transcription and RNA splicing to tumors from NEPC patients. LnNE xenografts are castrate-resistant and highly aggressive. Its tumor take is ∼3-5 weeks and tumor doubling time is ∼2-3 weeks. LnNE expresses multiple neuroendocrine markers, preserves AR expression, but is PSA negative. Its neuroendocrine phenotype cannot be reversed by androgen treatment. LnNE cells grow as multi-cellular spheroids under 2-dimensional culture conditions similar to the NEPC cell line NCI-H660, but have higher proliferation rate and are easier to be transfected. LnNE cells can also adapt to 3-dimensional culture conditions in a 96-plate format, allowing high throughput screening assays. In summary, the LnNE model is useful to study the mechanisms of NEPC progression and to discover potential therapies for NEPC.
OBSERVATION OF HISTORICAL MASONRY HOUSE BUILDINGS IN NEPAL BY MICRO-TREMOR MEASUREMENT (2022)

This report describes the overseas field survey observing the ambient vibration characteristics of historical construction-style masonry buildings in Nepal. Most of these buildings are categorized as ‘non-engineered’ constructions without the proper structural design and adequate material production management. Micro-tremor measurement was conducted at the 13 historical masonry buildings in Nepal. The first natural frequencies of these buildings were evaluated and these values were compared with the ‘screening model analysis’ results. Moreover, vibration characteristics of every floor of selected 4 buildings and the influence of the out-of-plane vibrations of the masonry walls were also observed.
Enhancement of the transverse non-reciprocal magneto-optical effect (2012)

The methods to enhance the transverse non-reciprocal magneto-optical (nMO) effect have been studied. The transverse nMO effect occurs in the case when light propagates perpendicularly to the magnetic field. It was demonstrated that light can experience the transverse nMO effect only when it propagates in the vicinity of a boundary between two materials and the optical field at least in one material is evanescent. The magnitude of the transverse nMO effect is comparable to or greater than the magnitude of the longitudinal nMO effect. In the case of surface plasmons propagating at a boundary between the transition metal and the dielectric it is possible to magnify the transverse nMO effect and the magneto-optical figure-of-merit may increase from a few percents to above 100%.
Identification of genes involved in utilization of acetate and acetoin in Bacillus subtilis (1993)

The Bacillus subtilis ccpA gene has previously been shown to be involved in repression of amyE expression when cells are grown in excess glucose. The region of the B. subtilis chromosome downstream from ccpA was characterized to determine if additional genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were present. Two open reading frames that exhibited sequence similarity to the Escherichia coli and B. subtilis motA and motB motility genes were found immediately downstream from ccpA; disruption of this region had no effect on growth, sporulation or motility. Two divergent transcriptional units containing the acsA and acuABC genes were also found in this region. The acsA gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase, and inactivation of this gene resulted in loss of the ability to utilize acetate as a carbon source for growth or sporulation. Disruption of the acuABC genes resulted in poor growth or sporulation on acetoin or butanediol. The acsA and acuABC promoter sequences were identified by primer extension, and are in close proximity. Two sequences resembling the amyO regulatory target site necessary for glucose repression of amyE were identified in the acsA-acuABC promoter regions.
Carbon nanofiber/clinker hybrid material as a highly efficient modificator of mortar mechanical properties (2012)

Carbon nanofiber (CNF) / clinker hybrid material was prepared by a direct synthesis of CNFs on the surface of clinker particles in a fluidized bed reactor using acetylene and carbon dioxide gases at the temperature of 550 C. This allowed us to achieve a good dispersion of CNFs in a clinker matrix and to prepare strong mortar composite. Optimal concentration of the CNFs to enhance mechanical properties of the mortar was found to be around 0.4 %, which led to more than 2.5-fold increase in the compressive strength.
Optical Forces on Non-Spherical Nanoparticles Trapped by Optical Waveguides (2011)

Numerical simulations of a solid-core polymer waveguide structure were performed to calculate the trapping efficiencies of particles with nanoscale dimensions smaller than the wavelength of the trapping beam. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method was employed to calculate the electromagnetic field. The inlet and outlet boundary conditions were obtained using an eigenvalue solver to determine the guided and evanescent mode profiles. The Maxwell stress tensor was considered for the calculation of the transverse and downward trapping efficiencies. A particle at the center of the waveguide showed minimal transverse trapping efficiency and maximal downward trapping efficiency. This trend gradually reversed as the particle moved away from the center of the waveguide. Particles with larger surface areas exhibited higher trapping efficiencies and tended to be trapped near the waveguide. Particles displaced from the wave input tended to be trapped at the waveguide surface. Simulation of an ellipsoidal particle showed that the orientation of the major axis along the waveguide's lateral z-coordinate significantly influenced the trapping efficiency. The particle dimensions along the z-coordinate were more critical than the gap distance (vertical displacement from the floor of the waveguide) between the ellipsoid particle and the waveguide. The present model was validated using the available results reported in the literature for different trapping efficiencies.
Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative II: the Vicenza conference (2002)

The process of tackling all of the issues related to acute renal failure began with the initial focus on its dialytic management (Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative I: the New York conference), because this required urgent attention. However, it was clear from the start that the entire issue of acute renal failure, including its definition, epidemiology inside and outside of the intensive care unit, the animal models used to develop new interventions, the issue of fluid therapy, the application of information technology to its care, the choice of appropriate physiologic goals for phase I and phase II studies, and the need to define appropriate clinical goals for large, randomized, clinical trials, required systematic attention. Accordingly, the second Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative conference in Vicenza, Italy, was organized, and its goals and rationale are presented in this report.
Infrared camera calibration for dense depth map construction (2011)

In this paper, we introduce a novel and cost effective approach to calibrate the geometric properties of a far-infrared (IR) sensor. We further demonstrate that fully automatic sensor-to-sensor calibration is feasible in a setup involving a laser range scanner, IR cameras as well as conventional cameras. The calibration result then serves as a basis for upsampling range measurements to the resolution of the IR or visible-light camera images. Since our approach allows to rely on IR information instead of visible-light information for upsampling, bad light conditions or even no visible light at all are no limitation. From a practical point of view, we only require one calibration board of relatively small size which facilitates application in outdoor environments and further allows seamless integration of the IR camera in an existing multi-sensor platform. Our experimental results demonstrate that IR images are particularly useful to obtain reasonable depth information for living objects, when visible-light cameras are either blind or require impractical exposure times. In fact, our approach provides a convenient solution to IR camera calibration and integration, an issue which is particularly important in scenarios where sensors are not permanently mounted on vehicles and consequently require on-site adjustment and calibration.
Improved retention of phosphorus donors in germanium using a non-amorphizing fluorine co-implantation technique (2017)

Co-doping with fluorine is a potentially promising method for defect passivation to increase the donor electrical activation in highly doped n-type germanium. However, regular high dose donor-fluorine co-implants, followed by conventional thermal treatment of the germanium, typically result in a dramatic loss of the fluorine, as a result of the extremely large diffusivity at elevated temperatures, partly mediated by the solid phase epitaxial regrowth. To circumvent this problem, we propose and experimentally demonstrate two non-amorphizing co-implantation methods; one involving consecutive, low dose fluorine implants, intertwined with rapid thermal annealing and the second, involving heating of the target wafer during implantation. Our study confirms that the fluorine solubility in germanium is defect-mediated and we reveal the extent to which both of these strategies can be effective in retaining large fractions of both the implanted fluorine and, critically, phosphorus donors.