gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of fully dense ZrB2- and HfB2-based Ultra High Temperature Ceramics by combining Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis and Spark Plasma Sintering (2009)

The Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) technique and the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technology are combined in this work for the fabrication of fully dense MB 2-SiC and MB 2-MC-SiC (M=Zr, Hf) Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs). Specifically, Zr or Hf, B 4C, Si, and, for the cases of the ternary systems, graphite powders are first reacted by SHS to successfully form the desired compounds. The resulting powders are then subjected to consolidation by SPS. In particular, by setting a dwell temperature level equal to 1800 °C, a mechanical pressure P=20 MPa, and a non-isothermal heating time t h= 10 min, products with relative densities ≥ 98.5% are obtained for all systems investigated within 30 min of total processing time. The characteristics of the resulting dense UHTCs, i.e. hardness, fracture toughness, and oxidation resistance, are similar to, and in some cases superior than, those related to analogous products synthesized by alternative, less rapid, methods.
Micro - Scale Modeling of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Packed with Spherical - Shaped Electrode Particles (2009)

International audience
Efficient Fronthaul and Backhaul Connectivity for IoT Traffic in Rural Areas (2020)

In this article, internet of things (IoT) connectivity in rural areas is investigated. Both fronthaul and backhaul considerations are studied. First, intelligent radio resource management (RRM) and network planning techniques are discussed for IoT access/fronthaul networks. The proposed RRM scheduling approach was shown to lead to good performance in scheduling IoT devices. Then, several backhauling techniques for providing connectivity to rural areas are investigated and their cost efficiency is analyzed. Techniques based on free space optics with solar powered devices are found to be a suitable backhaul solution.
Designing nanotopographical density of extracellular matrix for controlled morphology and function of human mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

Inspired by ultrastructural analysis of ex vivo human tissues as well as the physiological importance of structural density, we fabricated nanogrooves with 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 spacing ratio (width:spacing, width = 550 nm). In response to the nanotopographical density, the adhesion, migration, and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sensitively controlled, but the proliferation showed no significant difference. In particular, the osteo- or neurogenesis of hMSCs were enhanced at the 1:3 spacing ratio rather than 1:1 or 1:5 spacing ratio, implying an existence of potentially optimized nanotopographical density for stem cell function. Furthermore, such cellular behaviors were positively correlated with several cell morphological indexes as well as the expression of integrin β1 or N-cadherin. Our findings propose that nanotopographical density may be a key parameter for the design and manipulation of functional scaffolds for stem cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Strain measured in a silicon-on-insulator, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device channel induced by embedded silicon-carbon source/drain regions (2009)

The strain imparted to 60 nm wide, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) channel regions by heteroepitaxially deposited, embedded silicon-carbon (e-SiC) features was measured using x-ray microbeam diffraction, representing one of the first direct measurements of the lattice parameter conducted in situ in an SOI device channel. Comparisons of closed-form, analytical modeling to the measured, depth-averaged strain distributions show close correspondence for the e-SiC features but 95% of the predicted strain in the SOI channel. Mechanical constraint due to the overlying gate and the contribution of SOI underneath the e-SiC in the diffracting volume to the measurements can explain this difference.
Copy Number Aberrations in Mouse Breast Tumors Reveal Loci and Genes Important in Tumorigenic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling (2005)

Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling plays a key role in the development of breast cancer. Defining the genes and pathways in the RTK signaling network that are important regulators of tumorigenesis in vivo will unveil potential candidates for targeted therapeutics. To this end, we used microarray comparative genomic hybridization to identify and compare copy number aberrations in five mouse models of breast cancer induced by wild-type and mutated forms of oncogenic ErbB2 or the polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyMT). We observed distinct genomic alterations among the various models, including recurrent chromosome 11 amplifications and chromosome 4 deletions, syntenic with human 17q21-25 and 1p35-36, respectively. Expression of oncogenic Erbb2 (NeuNT) under control of the endogenous Erbb2 promoter results in frequent (85%) amplification at the Erbb2 locus with striking structural similarity to the human amplicon, resulting in overexpression of at least two of the genes, Erbb2 and Grb7. Chromosome 11 amplicons distal to Erbb2 arise in a model (DB) overexpressing a mutant variant of PyMT (Y315/322F) unable to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These amplicons are not observed in DB hyperplasias or in tumors overexpressing wild-type PyMT and result in overexpression of Grb2 and Itgb4. Distal chromosome 4 deletions occur in a significantly higher proportion of Erbb2 than PyMT tumors and encompass 14-3-3sigma (Stratifin), which is expressed at low or undetectable levels in the majority of NeuNT tumors. Our studies highlight loci and genes important in the regulation of tumorigenic RTK signaling in mammary epithelial cells in vivo.
Human Serum Albumin Hybrid Incorporating Tailed Porphyrinatoiron(II) in the α,α,α,β-Conformer as an O2-Binding Site (2005)

We have found that recombinant human serum albumin (HSA) incorporating tailed porphyrinatoiron(II) in the alpha,alpha,alpha,beta-conformer can reversibly bind and release O2 under physiological conditions (pH 7.3, 37 degrees C) like hemoglobin and myoglobin. beta-2-Methylimidazolyl-tailed porphyrinatoirons (6a, 6b) are synthesized via four steps from the atropisomers of tetrakis(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin. The stereochemistry of the alpha,alpha,alpha,beta-conformer has been determined by NMR spectroscopy. 6a and 6b form stable O2-adduct complexes in toluene solution at room temperature. The association rate constants of O2 are 3.1- and 1.9-fold lower than those of the corresponding alpha,alpha,alpha,alpha-conformers (1a, 1b), indicating that the three substituents (cyclohexanamide or pivalamide groups) are close to each other on the porphyrin platform and construct a narrow encumbrance around the O2-coordination site. Although 6a and 6b are incorporated into the hydrophobic domains of HSA to produce the albumin-heme hybrid, only HSA-6a can bind O2 in aqueous medium. The cyclohexanamide fences are necessary for the tailed porphyrinatoiron to form a stable O2-adduct complex under physiological conditions. The O2-binding affinity (P(1/2)) of HSA-6a is 45 Torr (37 degrees C), and the O2 transporting efficiency between lungs and muscle tissues in the human body is estimated to be identical to that of human red blood cells. The HSA-6a solution will become one of the most promising materials for red blood cell substitutes, which can be manufactured on an industrial scale.
Percepciones de recuperación de los pacientes después del aumento del seno maxilar con un dispositivo de implantes mínimamente invasivo (2014)

Objetivo: Apenas se han documentado las percepciones de recuperacion de los pacientes despues de procedimientos de aumento de seno maxilar. El objetivo del estudio clinico experimental prospectivo presente fue evaluar la percepcion de recuperacion postoperatoria inmediata del paciente despues del aumento del seno maxilar, utilizando un dispositivo de implantes minimamente invasivo. Materiales y metodos: Se pidio a 18 pacientes (8 hombres, 10 mujeres), con un promedio de 52 anos de edad (mediana 48, rango de 38 a 72), que habian sido programados para procedimientos de elevacion de seno maxilar, inscribirse un estudio clinico prospectivo. Se le entrego a cada paciente un cuestionario relacionado con la calidad de vida. Este cuestionario fue disenado para evaluar la percepcion de recuperacion del paciente cuatro areas principales: el dolor, la funcion oral, actividad general y otros sintomas. El cuestionario fue comparado con la tabla quirurgica que describe los detalles quirurgicos y el resultado. Resultados: La percepcion de los sintomas postoperatorios de los pacientes las cuatro areas probadas -dolor, funcion oral, actividad general y otros sintomas- se catalogaron su mayoria como en absoluto o muy poco desde el dia postoperatorio (POD) 1. Conclusion: Los resultados actuales indican de modo preliminar que los pacientes sometidos a una tecnica de aumento de seno maxilar mediante dispositivo minimamente invasivo pueden esperar experimentar minimas molestias y retornar inmediatamente a su actividad laboral diaria.
Improved 1/f Noise Characteristics in Locally Strained Si CMOS Using Hydrogen-Controlled Stress Liners and Embedded SiGe (2006)

This paper reports the first experimental demonstration of improved 1/f noise characteristics in a locally strained Si MOS through hydrogen-controlled stress liners and embedded SiGe (eSiGe). For NMOS, the high hydrogen density (1times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ) in the stress liner results in three times more noise than that of PMOS. For PMOS, eSiGe proves to be superior to a compressive stress liner in noise due to the low hydrogen density in the system. The controlled stress does not generate interface states or other scattering centers, which increase noise, and only improves 1/f noise due to carrier mass reduction
First enzymatic synthesis of an N1-cyclised cADPR (cyclic-ADP ribose) analogue with a hypoxanthine partial structure: discovery of a membrane permeant cADPR agonist (2003)

Nicotinamide 8-Br-hypoxanthine dinucleotide (8-Br-NHD+) was cyclised at the N1 position by the ADP-ribosyl cyclase from Aplysia californica to give cyclic 8-Br-inosine diphosphoribose (8-Br-N1-cIDPR), a novel membrane-permeant agonist of Ca2+ release in human T cells.
Replication Data for: The dynamic behavior of dilute metallic alloy PdxAu1-x/SiO2 raspberry colloid templated catalysts under CO oxidation (2021)

The data underlying this published work have been made publicly available in this repository as part of the IMASC Data Management Plan. This work was supported as part of the Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0012573.
Steric Shielding of Surface Epitopes and Impaired Immune Recognition Induced by the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein (2010)

Many viruses alter expression of proteins on the surface of infected cells including molecules important for immune recognition, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Virus-induced downregulation of surface proteins has been observed to occur by a variety of mechanisms including impaired transcription, blocks to synthesis, and increased turnover. Viral infection or transient expression of the Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) was previously shown to result in loss of staining of various host cell surface proteins including MHC1 and β1 integrin; however, the mechanism responsible for this effect has not been delineated. In the present study we demonstrate that EBOV GP does not decrease surface levels of β1 integrin or MHC1, but rather impedes recognition by steric occlusion of these proteins on the cell surface. Furthermore, steric occlusion also occurs for epitopes on the EBOV glycoprotein itself. The occluded epitopes in host proteins and EBOV GP can be revealed by removal of the surface subunit of GP or by removal of surface N- and O- linked glycans, resulting in increased surface staining by flow cytometry. Importantly, expression of EBOV GP impairs CD8 T-cell recognition of MHC1 on antigen presenting cells. Glycan-mediated steric shielding of host cell surface proteins by EBOV GP represents a novel mechanism for a virus to affect host cell function, thereby escaping immune detection.
Transient Fields of a Sound Source Driven by Various Wave Shape Pulses (1997)

In recent years, linear FM wave pulses and phase modulated wave pulses have been used to improve resolution and signal to noise ratios. In this paper, we report on transient sound fields generated by a sound source which is driven by linear FM wave pulses and phase modulated wave pulses. Time varying sound pressure at a distance R from the center of a sound source is calculated, varying the angle θ from the center axis of the sound source. A new display method to represent the calculated transient sound fields is proposed. In the method, the angle θ is taken as the abscissa, the time t is taken as the ordinate, and amplitude of sound pressure is represented in color. The effectiveness of this display method is demonstrated by examining calculated results of sound fields produced by sine wave pulses and the representation of these results using the proposed method. The method allows us to observe simultaneously a time varying waveform of sound pressure at each observation point and directivity at each instant of time. Transient sound fields produced by linear FM wave pulses and phase modulated wave pulses are calculated and represented by the display method. Characteristics of these fields are discussed using the calculated and represented results.
Resonant x-ray scattering at the Se edge in liquid crystal free-standing films and devices (2000)

Resonant x-ray diffraction was carried out at the Se K edge in thick free-standing films of a selenophene liquid crystalline material, revealing detail of the structure of the ferro-, ferri-, and antiferroelectric phases. The ferrielectric phase was shown to have a three-layer superlattice. Moreover, the structure of a lower temperature hexatic phase was established. For the antiferroelectric phase, investigations were also carried out in a planar device configuration. The device allowed resonant scattering experiments to be carried out with and without the application of an electric field and resonant data are compared with electro-optic measurements carried out on the same device.
Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties of Ruthenium(II) Bipyridyl Complexes with Pendant Alkanethiol Chains in Solution and Anchored to Metal Surfaces (2007)

Luminescent ruthenium trisbipyridine complexes containing one or two mercapto-alkyl chain(s) on one of the bipyridyl units have been synthesized through a new strategy.The electrochemical and photophysical properties, determined in solution and in the solid state were compared.Deposition on electrode surfaces (gold, platinum and indium tin oxide) was realized by self-assembly and the resulting adsorbed layers were characterized by electrochemistry and fluorescence confocal microscopy.Voltammetric measurements of the films, in aqueous and in acetonitrile solution, allowed the determination of the surface coverages and the oxidation potentials of the complexes.The effect of the number of chains and the chain length in the complexes is highlighted.Emission of the adsorbed complexes was strongly quenched by the metallic surfaces, while confocal microscopy images showed aggregate formation on a m length scale.The latter results provide considerable insight into the nature of the adsorbed layers and support deductions from the voltammetric data.
Production and crystallization of MHC class I B allele single peptide complexes (1996)

Major histocompatibility complex class I B alleles, HLA B8, B53 and B3501 have been cloned, expressed, refolded and crystallized in specific complexes with a number of different 8-mer and 9-mer peptides. For some of these crystallization was initiated by cross-seeding between different B allele complexes. All crystallize in the space group P212121, with similar unit cell dimensions of approximately 52 A X 81 A X 112 A, contain one complex per asymmetric unit and diffract to approximately 2.0 A resolution.
Assessment of MYC/PTEN Status by Gene-Protein Assay in Grade Group 2 Prostate Biopsies (2021)

This study leveraged a gene-protein assay to assess MYC and PTEN status at prostate cancer biopsy and examined the association with adverse outcomes after surgery. MYC gain and PTEN loss were simultaneously assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, using 277 Grade Group 2 needle biopsies that were followed by prostatectomy. The maximal size of cribriform Gleason pattern 4 carcinoma (CRIB), the presence of intraductal carcinoma (IDC), and percentage of Gleason pattern 4 carcinoma at biopsy were also annotated. MYC gain or PTEN loss was present in 19% and 18% of biopsies, respectively, whereas both alterations were present in 9% of biopsies. Tumors with one or both alterations were significantly more likely to have non-organ-confined disease (NOCD) at radical prostatectomy. In logistic regression models, including clinical stage, tumor volume on biopsy, and presence of CRIB/IDC, cases with MYC gain and PTEN loss remained at higher risk for NOCD (odds ratio, 6.23; 95% CI, 1.74-24.55; P = 0.005). The area under the curve for a baseline model using CAPRA variables (age, prostate-specific antigen, percentage of core involvement, clinical stage) was increased from 0.68 to 0.69 with inclusion of CRIB/IDC status and to 0.75 with MYC/PTEN status. Dual MYC/PTEN status can be assessed in a single slide and is independently associated with increased risk of NOCD for Grade Group 2 biopsies.
A Systems Biology Approach to Infectious Disease Research: Innovating the Pathogen-Host Research Paradigm (2011)

The twentieth century was marked by extraordinary advances in our understanding of microbes and infectious disease, but pandemics remain, food and waterborne illnesses are frequent, multidrug-resistant microbes are on the rise, and the needed drugs and vaccines have not been developed. The scientific approaches of the past-including the intense focus on individual genes and proteins typical of molecular biology-have not been sufficient to address these challenges. The first decade of the twenty-first century has seen remarkable innovations in technology and computational methods. These new tools provide nearly comprehensive views of complex biological systems and can provide a correspondingly deeper understanding of pathogen-host interactions. To take full advantage of these innovations, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases recently initiated the Systems Biology Program for Infectious Disease Research. As participants of the Systems Biology Program, we think that the time is at hand to redefine the pathogen-host research paradigm.
Enforcing Bulk Mail Classification (2005)

Spam costs US corporations upwards of $8.9 billion a year, and comprises as much as 40% of all email received. Solutions exist to reduce the amount of spam seen by end users, but cannot withstand sophisticated attacks. Worse yet, many will occasionally misclassify and silently drop legitimate email. Spammers take advantage of the near-zero cost of sending email to flood the network, knowing that success even a tiny fraction of the time means a profit. End users, however, have proven unwilling to pay money to send email to friends and family. We show that it is feasible to extend the existing mail system to reduce the amount of unwanted email, without misclassifying email, and without charging well-behaved users. We require that bulk email senders accurately classify each email message they send as an advertisement with an area of interest or else be charged a small negative incentive per message delivered. Recipients are able to filter out email outside their scope of interest, while senders are able to focus their sendings to the appropriate audience.
Plausible origins of homochirality in the amino acid catalyzed neogenesis of carbohydrates (2005)

The intrinsic ability of amino acids to catalyze the asymmetric formation of carbohydrates, which enzymes have mediated for millions of years, with significant amplification of enantiomeric excess suggests a plausible ancient catalytic process for the evolution of homochirality.
Ablation process of PMMA induced by irradiation with laser plasma EUV light (2013)

We have investigated ablation process of PMMA induced by irradiation with laser plasma EUV light. Appling the technique, micro-structured mold can be fabricated by transferring structures of the master PMMA plate.
Heterogeneous Photonic Integration on Silicon (2018)

We review recent advances in heterogeneous silicon photonic integration technology and components and describe progress in silicon photonic integrated circuits. Techniques for laser integration and the impact of active silicon photonic integrated circuits could have on interconnects, telecommunications and silicon electronics are reviewed. A variety of materials are being heterogeneously integrated, including arsenides for short wavelength lasers, phosphides for infrared lasers, QCLs for long wavelengths, LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and GaAs for nonlinear applications and YIG for isolators and circulators.
Investigation of the Correlation between IC Chip Pick-Up Performance and Peeling Behavior of Adhesive Tapes (2011)

It was investigated that the influences of the peeling behavior of adhesive tapes in peeling tests on IC chip pick-up performance. Needles peel off an IC chip with an adhesive film from the base material in the pick-up process, by sticking out the backside of the base material. In the case that the peeling forces of the adhesive tape decrease as the peeling speeds increase in peeling tests, only two kinds of behaviors were observed in pick-up test; the peeling propagated little and the IC chip was not peeled off under critical needle displacement while the pick-up was completed instantaneously over critical needle displacement. In the case that the peeling forces of the adhesive tape increase as the peeling speeds increase, the pick-up time decreased as the needle displacement increased. As a result, it can be concluded that the needle displacement where the peeling propagates instantaneously is critical for succeeded pick-up if the peeling forces of the adhesive tape decrease as the peeling speeds increase. If the peeling forces of the adhesive tape increase as the peeling speeds increase, the information of peeling speeds at each needle displacement are needed to estimate how long it takes to pick-up a chip.
Nonimaging achromatic shaped Fresnel lenses for ultrahigh solar concentration (2013)

The maximum concentration ratio achievable with a solar concentrator made of a single refractive primary optics is much more limited by the chromatic aberration than by any other aberration. Therefore achromatic doublets made with poly(methyl methacrylate) and polycarbonate are of great interest to enhance the concentration ratio and to achieve a spectrally uniform flux on the receiver. In this Letter, shaped achromatic Fresnel lenses are investigated. One lossless design is of high interest since it provides spectrally and spatially uniform flux without being affected by soiling problems. With this design an optical concentration ratio of about 8500× can be achieved.