gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nylon-Graphene Composite Nonwovens as Monolithic Conductive or Capacitive Fabrics (2017)

Here we describe a nylon-graphene nonwoven (NGN) composite, prepared via melt-blowing of nylon-6 into nonwoven fabrics and infiltrate those with graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous dispersions, which were further chemically reduced into graphene to offer electrical conductivity. The correlation between the conductivity and the graphene loading is described by the percolation scaling law σ = (p - p<sub>c</sub>)<sup>t</sup>, with an exponent t of 1.2 and a critical concentration p<sub>c</sub> of 0.005 wt %, the lowest among all the nylon composites reported. Monolithic supercapacitors have been further developed on the nylon-GO nonwoven composites (NGO), via a programed CO<sub>2</sub>-laser patterning process. The nylon nonwoven works as an efficient matrix, providing high capacity to GO and ensuring enough electrode materials generated via the subsequent laser patterning processes. Our best monolithic supercapacitors exhibited an areal capacitance of 10.37 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> in PVA-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte, much higher than the 1-3 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> reported for typical microsupercapacitors. Moreover, our supercapacitors were able to retain a capacitance density of 5.07 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> at an ultrahigh scan rate (1 V s<sup>-1</sup>), probably due to the facilitated ion migration within the highly porous nonwoven framework. This is the first report of highly functional nylon-6 nonwovens, fabricated via industrially scalable pathways into low-cost conductive polymer matrices and disposable energy storage systems.
Tenascins in stem cell niches (2014)

Tenascins are extracellular matrix proteins with distinct spatial and temporal expression during development, tissue homeostasis and disease. Based on their expression patterns and knockout phenotypes an important role of tenascins in tissue formation, cell adhesion modulation, regulation of proliferation and differentiation has been demonstrated. All of these features are of importance in stem cell niches where a precise regulation of growth versus differentiation has to be guaranteed. In this review we summarize the expression and possible functions of tenascins in neural, epithelial and osteogenic stem cell niches during normal development and organ turnover, in the hematopoietic and pro-inflammatory niche as well as in the metastatic niche during cancer progression.
Characterization of Solid Products of Corrosion Generated by Modular-Head Femoral Stems of Different Designs and Materials (1997)

This paper reviews the microanalytic and histopathologic findings from studies reported previously by our laboratory describing the nature and significance of solid products of corrosion generated at modular junctions of femoral components for hip replacement. A total of twenty-five retrieved, corroded modular junctions with surrounding tissues were examined from a variety of component designs and material combinations, including head/neck couples of CoCr/CoCr, CoCr/Ti6Al4V, and Al2O3/CoCr. The products were examined using electron microprobe with energy dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The products of corrosion identified at the modular junctions of all of the various prostheses examined were similar regardless of the implant design or materials coupled, even when a ceramic head was employed. The most prevalent corrosion product was characterized as an amorphous chromium orthophosphate hydrate-rich material. Particles of this material were identified throughout the periprosthetic tissues of most of the cases studied and at the polyethylene bearing surface of several cases. The multitude of particles generated by fragmentation of the corrosion products and the finding that they migrate to sites distant from their origin are of concern because of their potential to increase the production of polyethylene wear debris by a three-body wear mechanism and their direct participation in particle-induced, macrophage-mediated osteolysis.
Prediction and Validation of the Process Window for Atomic Layer Etching: HF Exposure on TiO2 (2021)

A combined computational and experimental study is employed to understand the competition between self-limiting (SL) and chemical vapor etch (CVE) reactions to design an atomic layer etch (ALE) process. The pulses in an ALE process have to be self-limiting; i.e., the reactions should reach saturation after sufficient pulse time. By comparing the reaction free energies of corresponding SL and CVE reactions using density functional theory (DFT), the temperature and pressure conditions can be predicted that favor the SL or CVE reactions. The etching of TiO2 when exposed to HF gas is utilized as a test case. Simulations reveal that when TiO2 is exposed to reactant HF at a pressure of 0.2 Torr, the SL reaction removing H2O at 0.01 Torr and fluorinating the surface is preferred up to 87 °C (360 K). At higher temperatures, continuous removal of TiO2 by CVE occurs according to the reaction TiO2 + HF → TiF4 + H2O subject to kinetic activation barriers. Experimental results from in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) are compared with the theoretical predictions. In good agreement with theory, the FTIR spectroscopy studies revealed an onset of spontaneous etching (CVE) at temperatures around 80–90 °C. In addition, the QMS analysis observed TiF4 and H2O as the etch products, further validating the calculations. The calculations also predicted that an increase in the reactant gas pressure would enhance etching at high temperatures. The low computational cost of this theoretical approach allows for rapid screening of etch reagents and prediction of the temperature/pressure windows where the reactions will be in the SL or CVE regimes.
High-fill-factor, burst-frame-rate charge-coupled device (2002)

A 512/spl times/512-element, multi-frame charge-coupled device (CCD) has been developed for collecting four sequential image frames at megahertz rates. To operate at fast frame rates with high sensitivity, the imager uses an electronic shutter technology developed for back-illuminated CCDs. The megahertz frame rates also required metal strapping of the polysilicon gate electrodes. Tested imagers have demonstrated multi-frame capture capability.
MP03-03 CHANGES IN PROSTATE CANCER DETECTION RATE OF FUSION VS SYSTEMATIC BIOPSY OVER TIME: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE (2017)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The introduction of three kinds of magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsies (MRI-GB) has changed the paradigm regarding prostate biopsies. Since whether to use MRI-GB and which technique should be preferred are still matters of controversy, we aimed to compare and rank prostate biopsy strategies.
Flexible Paxos: Quorum Intersection Revisited (2017)

Distributed consensus is integral to modern distributed systems. The widely adopted Paxos algorithm uses two phases, each requiring majority agreement, to reliably reach consensus. In this paper, we demonstrate that Paxos, which lies at the foundation of many production systems, is conservative. Specifically, we observe that each of the phases of Paxos may use non-intersecting quorums. Majority quorums are not necessary as intersection is required only across phases. Using this weakening of the requirements made in the original formulation, we propose Flexible Paxos, which generalizes over the Paxos algorithm to provide flexible quorums. We show that Flexible Paxos is safe, e cient and easy to utilize in existing distributed systems. We discuss far reaching implications of this result. For example, improved availability results from reducing the size of second phase quorums by one when the system size is even, while keeping majority quorums in the first phase. Another example is improved throughput of replication by using much smaller phase 2 quorums, while increasing the leader election (phase 1) quorums. Finally, non intersecting quorums in either first or second phases may enhance the efficiency of both.
Hewlett Packard's Inkjet Printhead Technology (2017)

Inkjet printing is, on the surface, a relatively mature area of engineering. Ink can be jetted continuously, with ink flowing directly through a microscopic nozzle and the target determined by charging the inks during their passage through the printing mechanism and directing with an electrostatic mechanism, usually at the output of the nozzle. Continuous inkjet (CIJ) is a powerful printing technology that provides a number of advantages, including its ability to support a wide range of viscosities and solvent and solid loads. Electrostatic inkjetting has been around for decades, and is driven by the use of conductive ink that can be guided by electrostatic forces into the desired position for firing. This chapter describes some of the design specifics and design choices involved in producing the Hewlett Packard (HP) PageWide Array (PWA). The range of application areas for the HP PWA technology is greatly enhanced by the design options.
Atomic layer deposited lithium aluminum oxide: (In)dependency of film properties from pulsing sequence (2014)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) holds markedly high potential of becoming the enabling method for achieving the three-dimensional all-solid-state thin-film lithium ion battery (LiB). One of the most crucial components in such a battery is the electrolyte that needs to hold both low electronic conductivity and at least fair lithium ion conductivity being at the same time pinhole free. To obtain these desired properties in an electrolyte film, one necessarily has to have a good control over the elemental composition of the deposited material. The present study reports on the properties of ALD lithium aluminum oxide (LixAlyOz) thin films. In addition to LiB electrolyte applications, LixAlyOz is also a candidate low dielectric constant (low-k) etch stop and diffusion barrier material in nanoelectronics applications. The LixAlyOz films were deposited employing trimethylaluminum-O3 and lithium tert-butoxide-H2O for Al2O3 and Li2O/LiOH, respectively. The composition was aimed to be controlled by varying the pulsing ratio of those two binary oxide ALD cycles. The films were characterized by several methods for composition, crystallinity and phase, electrical properties, hardness, porosity, and chemical environment. Regardless of the applied pulsing ratio of Al2O3 and Li2O/LiOH, all the studied ALD LixAlyOz films of 200 and 400 nm in thickness were polycrystalline in the orthorhombic β-LiAlO2 phase and also very similar to each other with respect to composition and other studied properties. The results are discussed in the context of both fundamental ALD chemistry and applicability of the films as thin-film LiB electrolytes and low-k etch stop and diffusion barriers.
Genetic linkage between Becker muscular dystrophy and a polymorphic DNA sequence on the short arm of the X chromosome. (1983)

A study of DNA restriction fragment polymorphisms and Becker muscular dystrophy has shown eight families informative for the cloned sequence L1.28, which is located on the short arm of the X chromosome between Xp110 and Xp113. Analysis of these families reveals linkage between the two loci, with the maximum likelihood estimate of the genetic distance being 16 centiMorgans (95% confidence limits between 7 and 32 centiMorgans). Since a study of DNA polymorphisms in Duchenne muscular dystrophy has shown a comparable linkage distance with L1.28, our results suggest that the locus for Becker muscular dystrophy, like that for Duchenne dystrophy, is on the short arm of the X chromosome, and further that these two loci may be closely linked or possibly allelic.
Heavy carbon nanodots 2: plasmon amplification in Quanta Plate™ wells and the correlation with the synchronous scattering spectrum (2018)

Brominated carbon nanodots are a new carbon nanostructure that exhibits strong phosphorescence without fixation. Herein we report plasmonic amplification of this phosphorescence in silver-coated Quanta Plate™ wells, a technique called metal-enhanced phosphorescence (MEP). Subsequently we correlate the excitation and emission components of brominated carbon nanodots to their respective enhancement values. These properties are then discussed in relation to the synchronous scattering spectrum of the plasmonic substrate, in the first report of its kind for MEP. These results set the foundation for expanded application of carbon nanodots, as the photophysical characteristics of phosphorescence are improved, and augment the growing understanding of MEP.
Data from SAR439859, a Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD), Demonstrates Effective and Broad Antitumor Activity in Wild-Type and Mutant ER-Positive Breast Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Primary treatment for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is endocrine therapy. However, substantial evidence indicates a continued role for ER signaling in tumor progression. Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERD), such as fulvestrant, induce effective ER signaling inhibition, although clinical studies with fulvestrant report insufficient blockade of ER signaling, possibly due to suboptimal pharmaceutical properties. Furthermore, activating mutations in the ER have emerged as a resistance mechanism to current endocrine therapies. New oral SERDs with improved drug properties are under clinical investigation, but the biological profile that could translate to improved therapeutic benefit remains unclear. Here, we describe the discovery of SAR439859, a novel, orally bioavailable SERD with potent antagonist and degradation activities against both wild-type and mutant Y537S ER. Driven by its fluoropropyl pyrrolidinyl side chain, SAR439859 has demonstrated broader and superior ER antagonist and degrader activities across a large panel of ER+ cells, compared with other SERDs characterized by a cinnamic acid side chain, including improved inhibition of ER signaling and tumor cell growth. Similarly, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; treatment with SAR439859 demonstrated significant tumor regression in ER+ breast cancer models, including MCF7-&lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;/i&gt; wild-type and mutant-Y537S mouse tumors, and HCI013, a patient-derived tamoxifen-resistant xenograft tumor. These findings indicate that SAR439859 may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with ER+ breast cancer, including those who have resistance to endocrine therapy with both wild-type and mutant ER.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Genes and Genomes: Genes, Genes and More Genes in the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex (1992)

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), on the short arm of chromosome 6, represents one of the most extensively characterised regions of the human genome. This approximately 4 Mb segment of DNA contains genes encoding the polymorphic MHC class I and class II molecules which are involved in antigen presentation during an immune response. Recently the whole of the MHC has been cloned in cosmids and/or yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) and large portions have been characterised for the presence of novel genes. Many unrelated genes, both housekeeping and tissue specific, have been identified and the gene density in some regions is now approaching one gene every few kilobases. Some of the novel genes encode proteins involved in the intracellular processing and transport of antigens that are presented by MHC class I molecules. Others, however, have no obvious role in the immune response. The MHC is located in the chromosome band 6p21.3 which is a Giemsa (G)-light band. The detection of such a large number of functional genes (at least 70) in this region is compatible with the idea that both housekeeping and tissue-specific genes are localised predominantly in G-light bands.
tPA Contributes To Aggravation of Endothelin and Thromboxane Induced Cerebrovasoconstriction After Hypoxia/Ischemia Through Upregulation of ERK MAPK (2012)

The sole FDA approved treatment for acute stroke is tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA). However, endogenous tPA is upregulated and potentiates impairment of pial artery dilation in response to hypotension after hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) in pigs. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), a family of at least 3 kinases, ERK, p38 and JNK, is also upregulated after H/I, with ERK contributing to vasodilator impairment. Impairment of stimulus induced vasodilation may result from tonic withdrawal and/or impairment of a vasodilator influence or upregulation of a vasoconstrictor. This study examined the effect of H/I on the vascular response to two important spasmogens released during CNS ischemic disorders, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and thromboxane, and the influence of tPA and ERK MAPK in such responses in pigs equipped with a closed cranial window. Cerebral ischemia was induced via global increase in ICP through saline infusion into a hollow bolt placed in the cranium (dura intact) while hypoxia (pO2 35 mm Hg) was produced by decreasing the inspired O 2 via inhalation of N 2 . H/I aggravated pial artery vasconstriction induced by ET‐1 and the thromboxane mimic U 46619, which was blocked by EEIIMD, an inhibitor of PAI‐1′s vascular activity and signaling of tPA, but not its fibrinolytic action, but unchanged by its inactive analogue EEIIMR. CSF ERK MAPK was increased by H/I and potentiated by tPA. The ERK MAPK antagonist U 0126 blocked H/I induced aggravation of ET‐1 and U 46619 vasoconstriction. These data indicate that H/I aggravates ET‐1 and thromboxane mediated cerebral vasoconstriction through upregulation of tPA and ERK MAPK. These data suggest that thrombolytic therapy for treatment of CNS ischemic disorders can dysregulate cerebrohemodynamics by augmenting vasoconstriction induced by spasmogens co‐released during CNS pathology.
Visualizing the robustness of query execution (2009)

In database query processing, actual run-time conditions (e.g., actual selectivities and actual available memory) very often differ from compile-time expectations of run-time conditions (e.g., estimated predicate selectivities and anticipated memory availability). Robustness of query processing can be defined as the ability to handle unexpected conditions. Robustness of query execution, specifically, can be defined as the ability to process a specific plan efficiently in an unexpected condition. We focus on query execution (runtime), ignoring query optimization (compile-time), in order to complement existing research and to explore untapped potential for improved robustness in database query processing. One of our initial steps has been to devise diagrams or maps that show how well plans perform in the face of varying run-time conditions and how gracefully a system&amp;apos;s query architecture, operators, and their implementation degrade in the face of adverse conditions. In this paper, we show several kinds of diagrams with data from three real systems and report on what we have learned both about these visualization techniques and about the three database systems. 1
Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy versus open retropubic radical prostatectomy: a prospective comparative study with 19-month follow-up (2020)

RS-RARP had better perioperative outcomes and faster recovery of urinary continence compared with ORP. Short-term oncological outcomes were comparable between both surgical approaches.
Investigating mechanical anisotropy and end-of-vector effect in laser-sintered nylon parts (2006)

Abstract A study investigating the effects of part-build orientation in the laser sintering process is presented. The investigation uses tensile, flexural, and compression testing methods to assess the changes in the mechanical properties of laser-sintered nylon-12 parts. The test parts were built in the x, y, and z orientations with the x axis parallel to the direction of the laser scanning, the y axis perpendicular to the direction laser of scanning, and the z axis in the direction of powder layers. The results from the tests show that the build orientation of the parts has an effect on the mechanical properties produced. The tensile tests show a maximum difference of 16 per cent and 11.2 per cent in strength and modulus respectively for parts built in the x, y, and z axes. The flexural tests show a 9.4 per cent and 7 per cent maximum difference in strength and modulus respectively for the parts produced in the x, y, and z axes. For the compressive tests, there is a 3.4 per cent and 13.4 per cent maximum difference in strength and modulus respectively for the parts produced in the x, y, and z axes. A statistical analysis of the results obtained highlights the presence of anisotropy in tensile and compression parts owing to their build orientation in the laser sintering machine. The test parts built in the x axis orientation showed the highest strength and modulus values while the parts built in the z axis orientation showed poor strength and modulus values. However, this is not the case for the flexural test parts, which show the highest strength and modulus values are from those built in the y axis orientation. Analysis has shown that this is due to the end-of-vector effect, which is most prominent in the y axis orientation. This effect should always be considered during laser sintering, when mechanical integrity is vital.
Phthalonitrile‐carbon fiber composites (1996)

Abstract Phthalonitrile polymers offer promise as matrix materials for advanced composite applications. The phthalonitrile monomer is readily converted to a highly crosslinked thermosetting polymer in the presence of thermally stable organic amine catalysts. Rheometric studies were conducted to elucidate the optimum amine concentration for composite formulations. High quality composite panels were processed in an autoclave using unsized IM7 carbon fibers. Mechanical properties of the phthalonitrile/carbon composite are either better than or comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art PMR‐15 composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveal that samples postcured at elevated temperatures (375°C) do not exhibit a glass transition temperature up to 450°C and also retain °90% of their initial modulus at 450°C. Flame resistance of phthalonitrile/carbon composites, evaluated by cone calorimetric studies, excels over that of other polymeric composites for marine applications. The composites also show low water uptake, &lt;1% after exposure to water for 16 months.
Transport Revolutions: Moving People and Freight Without Oil (2012)

Transport Revolutions: Moving People and Freight Without Oil by Richard Gilbert and Anthony Perl (Gabriola Island, British Columbia: New Society Publishers, 2010) Pp. 448, $26.95 (Paperback) The se...
CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS FOR UMTS (2004)

The cryptographic algorithms of GSM have received a lot of interest and activity from the cryptographic research community and some potential points of failure have been identied. These include secret designs of cryptographic algorithms and weak integrity protection over the air interface. The objective of this talk is to discuss the design strategies for the cryptographic algorithms in the third generation cellular networks. In particular, we consider how the problems found in GSM were addressed in the design of the 3GPP specications for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks. We also present an overview of the results achieved by researchers within the cryptographic community. In addition to the topics of the talk this paper gives also an introduction to the main concepts of the UMTS security architecture. The presentation of the paper is to large extent based on (25), where a more comprehensive treatment of this subject can be found.