gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and extension of a multi-dimensional graph-based receiver concept for MIMO-OFDM (2013)

In most modern wireless systems, adaptive modulation and channel coding is applied to achieve a high spectral efficiency. Hence, suitable receivers need to support a large variety of modulation and channel coding schemes (MCS) while maintaining a low complexity. The performance and complexity of a multi-dimensional factor-graph based (MD-GSIR) framework for iterative joint channel estimation and data detection is investigated for the application of adaptive modulation and coding in an LTE environment. Three detection algorithms within the MD-GSIR framework are investigated and a novel tree-based detection is proposed. The versatile structure of the MD-GSIR concept offers a flexible trade-off between computational complexity and performance. Furthermore, the message exchange is adapted to support the irregular training structure which may occur in adaptive environments.
Boosting battery state of health estimation based on self-supervised learning (2023)

State of health (SoH) estimation plays a key role in smart battery health prognostic and management. However, poor generalization, lack of labeled data, and unused measurements during aging are still the major challenges to accurate SoH estimation. Toward this end, this paper proposes a self-supervised learning framework to boost the performance of battery SoH estimation. Different from traditional data-driven methods which rely on a considerable training dataset obtained from numerous battery cells, the proposed method achieves accurate and robust estimations using limited labeled data. A filter-based data preprocessing technique, which enables the extraction of partial capacity-voltage curves under dynamic charging profiles, is applied at first. Unsupervised learning is then used to learn the aging characteristics from the unlabeled data through an auto-encoder-decoder. The learned network parameters are transferred to the downstream SoH estimation task and are fine-tuned with very few sparsely labeled data, which boosts the performance of the estimation framework. The proposed method has been validated under different battery chemistries, formats, operating conditions, and ambient. The estimation accuracy can be guaranteed by using only three labeled data from the initial 20% life cycles, with overall errors less than 1.14% and error distribution of all testing scenarios maintaining less than 4%, and robustness increases with aging. Comparisons with other supervised machine learning methods demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. This simple and data-efficient estimation framework is promising in real-world applications and under a variety of scenarios.
Tetrametallic rectangular box complexes assembled from heteroligated macrocycles (2006)

The reaction of a heteroligated Rh(I) bimetallic macrocycle with rigid ditopic ligands (1,4-dicyanobenzene, 4-4'-dicyanobiphenyl, or dipyridyl terminated salen ligand 5) results in the formation of tetrametallic rectangular box complexes.
Canonical and noncanonical Wnts use a common mechanism to activate completely unrelated coreceptors (2010)

Wnt ligands signal through β-catenin and are critically involved in cell fate determination and stem/progenitor self-renewal. Wnts also signal through β-catenin-independent or noncanonical pathways that regulate crucial events during embryonic development. The mechanism of noncanonical receptor activation and how Wnts trigger canonical as opposed to noncanonical signaling have yet to be elucidated. We demonstrate here that prototype canonical Wnt3a and noncanonical Wnt5a ligands specifically trigger completely unrelated endogenous coreceptors-LRP5/6 and Ror1/2, respectively-through a common mechanism that involves their Wnt-dependent coupling to the Frizzled (Fzd) coreceptor and recruitment of shared components, including dishevelled (Dvl), axin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). We identify Ror2 Ser 864 as a critical residue phosphorylated by GSK3 and required for noncanonical receptor activation by Wnt5a, analogous to the priming phosphorylation of low-density receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) in response to Wnt3a. Furthermore, this mechanism is independent of Ror2 receptor Tyr kinase functions. Consistent with this model of Wnt receptor activation, we provide evidence that canonical and noncanonical Wnts exert reciprocal pathway inhibition at the cell surface by competition for Fzd binding. Thus, different Wnts, through their specific coupling and phosphorylation of unrelated coreceptors, activate completely distinct signaling pathways.
The Role of Biliary Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cellular Adhesion Molecule 6 (CEACAM6) as a Biomarker in Cholangiocarcinoma (2016)

Biliary CEACAM6 can identify patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a high degree of sensitivity and should be investigated further as a potential screening tool.
High-performance processing with 90-nm FPGAs (2005)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the special features, system design and architectures, processing capabilities, and targeted markets for Xilinx's Virtex4 family of processor products.
FingerSound (2017)

We introduce FingerSound, an input technology to recognize unistroke thumb gestures, which are easy to learn and can be performed through eyes-free interaction. The gestures are performed using a thumb-mounted ring comprising a contact microphone and a gyroscope sensor. A K-Nearest-Neighbor(KNN) model with a distance function of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is built to recognize up to 42 common unistroke gestures. A user study, where the real-time classification results were given, shows an accuracy of 92%-98% by a machine learning model built with only 3 training samples per gesture. Based on the user study results, we further discuss the opportunities, challenges and practical limitations of FingerSound when deploying it to real-world applications in the future.
<title>Digital Holographic Display Of Medical CT Images</title> (1983)

The advent of the computer aided tomographic x-ray scanning system (CT scanner) has marked a new era of medical imaging modalities being developed for radiology departments of the future. Two fundamental elements common to all of these rapidly developing technologies are the ability of the technology to collect data over an entire three-dimensional volume of interest and the necessity for a digital computer to convert the acquired data into useful images. Our intention is to explore the advantages and limitations of a general digital holographic approach to the display of the reconstructed volume data. In this paper we: 1) describe a model of the three-dimensional data volume; 2) derive an algorithm to independently compute portions of the Fresnel diffraction pattern of the model; 3) discuss the com-putational and recorder requirements to produce the hologram; 4) show examples of holograms computed by our method and 5) discuss these results.
P‐164: Single Cell Gap Transflective Mode for Vertically Aligned Negative Nematic Liquid Crystals (2006)

Abstract Single cell gap transflective liquid crystal display mode with vertically aligned negative liquid crystal was developed. Reflectance curve as a function of voltage matched exactly with transmittance curve. Threshold voltage in reflectance curve was around 2.0V, as in transmittance curve, and the voltage for maximum reflectance was around 4.5V∼5.0V, which gave also the maximum transmittance. Reflective region was divided into two parts. First reflective part was driven by the voltage supplied by switching transistor directly, while the second reflective part was driven by the voltage lower than that of first part using the voltage‐dividing capacitor connected to switching transistor in series. Normal 8 mask‐count process was applied to fabrication of real panels. No special optical film or extra driving circuit was required.
Analytical fitting model for rough-surface BRDF (2008)

A physics-based model is developed for rough surface BRDF, taking into account angles of incidence and scattering, effective index, surface autocovariance, and correlation length. Shadowing is introduced on surface correlation length and reflectance. Separate terms are included for surface scatter, bulk scatter and retroreflection. Using the FindFit function in Mathematica, the functional form is fitted to BRDF measurements over a wide range of incident angles. The model has fourteen fitting parameters; once these are fixed, the model accurately describes scattering data over two orders of magnitude in BRDF without further adjustment. The resulting analytical model is convenient for numerical computations.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Forkhead Box F1 Regulates Tumor-Promoting Properties of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Lung Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Forkhead Box F1 Regulates Tumor-Promoting Properties of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Lung Cancer
Selectfluor‐Mediated Chlorination and Fluorination of Arenes: Late‐Stage Functionalization of APIs and Its Biological Effects (2023)

By using active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) previously recovered from expired drugs, it is shown that Selectfluor can act as a reagent for operationally simple late-stage fluorination and chlorination of electron-rich arenes under mild reaction conditions. As shown in mechanistic experiments, aromatic fluorination thereby competes with chlorine-for-fluorine exchange on Selectfluor and subsequent aromatic chlorination, whereat the chloride ions may either be provided by the hydrochloride salt of the respective API or by triethylammonium chloride. Biological testing of the fluorinated or chlorinated APIs at adrenergic, dopaminergic, muscarinergic, opioid or serotoninergic receptors demonstrated that improved binding affinities can be achieved via this straightforward strategy.
Efficient ray traced soft shadows using multi-frusta tracing (2009)

Ray tracing has long been considered to be superior to rasterization because its ability to trace arbitrary rays, allowing it to simulate virtually any physical light transport effect by just tracing rays. Yet, to look plausible, extraordinary amounts of rays for effects such as soft shadows are typically required. This makes the prospects of real-time performance rather remote. Rasterization, in contrast, has a record of producing such effects in real-time through employing specialized and approximate solutions for individual effects. Though ray tracing may still be the right choice for effects like reflections and refractions, using specialized solutions for certain important effects also makes sense for a ray tracer. In this paper, we propose a special solution to ray trace soft shadows that is particularly targeted for Intel's Larrabee architecture. We use a specialized frustum tracing that traces multiple frusta of specialized shadow packets in parallel, while generating rays within each frustum on demand. The technique can easily be integrated into any packet ray tracer, and fits well into the wide SIMD and cache-size constraints of the Larrabee architecture. Our technique allows to reach rates of up to several dozen million rays per second per Larrabee core, outperforming traditional packet techniques by up to 6x. This high performance combined with a simple light-weight illumination filtering step allows to achieve real-time soft shadows for game-like scenes.
Negative group velocity from quadrupole resonance of plasmonic spheres (2009)

We study the dispersion relations of plasmonic bands that arise from the coupling of electric-quadrupole resonances in three-dimensional plasmonic lattices consisting of metallic nanospheres. Through analytical derivation, we show that two branches of quadrupole bands in simple-cubic lattices with a small lattice constant possess negative group velocities. Distinct from double negative $(\ensuremath{\epsilon},\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}&lt;0)$ media in which the negative dispersion originates from the coupling of electric and magnetic responses ($\mathbf{P}$ and $\mathbf{M}$), the negative dispersion induced by quadrupole resonance is an intrinsic property of quadrupole that does not require coupling to another degree of freedom. In addition, the quadrupole dispersions are intrinsically anisotropic, which defies a simple isotropic effective-medium description without spatial dispersion even though the lattice constant is small compared with the wavelength. In plasmonic systems composed of metallic nanoparticle clusters, the coupled quadrupole resonance may be tuned to lower optical frequency and the coupling strength between this quadrupole resonance and external electromagnetic (EM) waves could be in the same order of magnitude as the magnetic dipole $\mathbf{M}$.
Complex field coded MIMO systems: performance, rate, and trade‐offs (2002)

Abstract The quest for reliable high‐rate wireless links motivates fading‐resilient and bandwidth‐efficient communication systems capable of capitalizing on available forms of diversity. This tutorial focuses on linear complex field (LCF) coding—a powerful tool that complements the traditional Galois field (GF) coding, in enabling diversity transmissions over single‐ and multi‐antenna fading channels. Performance and capacity analyses are provided, along with systematic guidelines for constructing LCF encoders, and options available to the designer for selecting LCF decoders. Emphasis is placed on high‐performance and high‐rate designs, and the emerging performance‐rate‐complexity trade‐offs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility Study of a Mechanical Real-Time Feedback System for Optimizing the Sound Transfer in the Reconstructed Middle Ear (2018)

Mechanical excitation is an effective and suitable alternative stimulation method in experimental METF measurements. The system provides real-time feedback for ossicular reconstruction in the experimental setting. Some influencing factors still need to be distinguished for reliable measurements. However, the method does not yet meet the requirements for clinical application as an intraoperative, real-time monitoring tool. However, the system could be an excellent model for high-end cadaveric temporal bone training in ossiculoplasty.
A microwave dielectric measurement technique for high permitivity materials (1988)

Abstract A microwave measurement technique has been developed for the characterization of high dielectric constant (100 to 10,000), and high dielectric loss (0.2 to 0.7) materials. The method is based on the frequency dependence of electromagnetic wave transmission through a dielectric slab. It is a useful technique for the dielectric measurement of relaxor ferroelectric materials, and an example is given for the Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 system. The rapid developments in network analysis have made this measurment method possible.
Improved Nanopositioning Resolution Through Piezoresistive Feedback Control of a MEMS Thermal Actuator (2005)

Utilizing the piezoresistive properties of polysilicon as an on-chip sensing mechanism facilitates the implementation of feedback control on surface-micromachined MEMS devices. We have performed nanopositioning resolution tests on a MEMS thermal actuator, both open and closed loop, to demonstrate the performance improvements possible with feedback control. A thermomechanical in-plane microactuator (TIM), fabricated using the MUMPS fabrication process, was used in this study. The actuator was coupled to a piezoresistive displacement sensor (PRDS) that was fabricated as part of the same process. Measurements of the actuator output, taken using a scanning electron microscope, show that nanopositioning repeatability improved from ±59 nm to ±31 nm when feedback control is employed.
‘Sexual misery’ or ‘happy British Muslims’?: Contemporary depictions of Muslim sexuality (2018)

We begin this article with a close look at some contemporary pictures of sexual life in the Muslim world that have been painted in certain sections of the Western media, asking how and why these pictures matter. Across a range of mainstream print media from the New York Times to the Daily Mail, and across reported events from several countries, can be found pictures of ‘sexual misery’. These ‘frame’ Muslim men as tyrannical, Muslim women as downtrodden or exploited, and the wider world of Islam as culpable. Crucially, this is not the whole story. We then consider how these negative representations are being challenged and how they can be challenged further. In doing so, we will not simply set pictures of sexual misery against their binary opposites, namely pictures abounding in the promise of sexual happiness. Instead, we search for a more complex picture, one that unsettles stereotypes about the sexual lives of Muslims without simply idealising its subjects. This takes us to the journalism, life writing and creative non-fiction of Shelina Zahra Janmohamed and the fiction of Ayisha Malik and Amjeed Kabil. We read this long-form work critically, attending to manifest advances in depictions of the relationships of Muslim-identified individuals over the last decade or so, while also remaining alert to lacunae and limitations in the individual representations. More broadly, we hope to signal our intention to avoid both Islamophobia and Islamophilia in scrutinising literary texts.
Comparison of three models of HIV detection in a comprehensive hospital (2019)

Objective
To explore the distribution of the positive rate of HIV antibody in a comprehensive hospital and the characteristics of the newly diagnosed HIV infected persons, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the targeted HIV prevention and control measures.


Methods
During 2011 and 2016, the patients who went to HIV counseling and Testing Center (VCT model) , the provider initiate testing counseling (PITC model) , or the preoperative HIV testing (conventional passive detection model) for medical service were selected. The differences of the efficiency of HIV detection and trend of change were compared, and the characteristics of the newly diagnosed HIV infected persons were analyzed.


Results
The positive detection rates of HIV antibody VCT model, PITC model and conventional passive detection model were 4.7% (77/1 649) , 0.9% (28/3 222) and 0.05% (60/109 170) , respectively. The differences had statistical significance (χ2=2 514.673, P<0.01) . From 2011 to 2016, the rate of HIV detected by conventional passive detection mode had gradually increased (χ2trend=20.287, P<0.01) . At the time of diagnosis, the CD4+T lymphocyte counted in VCT model was (423±56) /μL, which was higher than those in PITC model and conventional passive detection model (F=25.086, P<0.01) . Moreover, the proportion of WHO stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ in VCT model is lower than PITC model and conventional passive detection model (χ2=37.393, P<0.01) .


Conclusions
The combination of three HIV detection models of active testing, passive testing and routine testing can greatly improve the efficiency of HIV detection in comprehensive hospitals.


Key words: 
HIV; Voluntary Counseling; Active detection; Passive detection
Low‐shrinkage‐stress nanocomposite: An insight into shrinkage stress, antibacterial, and ion release properties (2021)

The aims are: (a) To develop the first low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite with antibacterial and remineralization capabilities through the incorporation of dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP); (b) to investigate the effects of the new composite on biofilm inhibition, mechanical properties, shrinkage stress, and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion releases. The low-shrinkage-stress resin consisted of urethane dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether. Composite was formulated with 3% DMAHDM and 20% NACP. Mechanical properties, shrinkage stress, and degree of conversion were evaluated. Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth on composites was assessed. Ca and P ion releases were measured. The shrinkage stress of the low-shrinkage-stress composite containing 3% DMAHDM and 20% NACP was 36% lower than that of traditional composite control (p < 0.05), with similar degrees of conversion of 73.9%. The new composite decreased the biofilm colony-forming unit by 4 log orders and substantially reduced biofilm lactic acid production compared to control composite (p < 0.05). Incorporating DMAHDM to the low-shrinkage-stress composite did not adversely affect the Ca and P ion release. A novel bioactive nanocomposite was developed with low shrinkage stress, strong antibiofilm activity, and high levels of ion release for remineralization, without undermining the mechanical properties and degree of conversion.
Overexpression of a novel Arabidopsis PP2C isoform, AtPP2CF1, enhances plant biomass production by increasing inflorescence stem growth (2014)

In contrast to mammals, higher plants have evolved to express diverse protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs). Of all Arabidopsis thaliana PP2Cs, members of PP2C subfamily A, including ABI1, have been shown to be key negative regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathways, which regulate plant growth and development as well as tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. However, little is known about the enzymatic and signalling roles of other PP2C subfamilies. Here, we report a novel Arabidopsis subfamily E PP2C gene, At3g05640, designated AtPP2CF1. AtPP2CF1 was dramatically expressed in response to exogenous ABA and was expressed in vascular tissues and guard cells, similar to most subfamily A PP2C genes. In vitro enzymatic activity assays showed that AtPP2CF1 possessed functional PP2C activity. However, yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that AtPP2CF1 did not interact with PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors or three SnRK2 kinases, which are ABI1-interacting proteins. This was supported by homology-based structural modelling demonstrating that the putative active- and substrate-binding site of AtPP2CF1 differed from that of ABI1. Furthermore, while overexpression of ABI1 in plants induced an ABA-insensitive phenotype, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtPP2CF1 (AtPP2CF1oe) were weakly hypersensitive to ABA during seed germination and drought stress. Unexpectedly, AtPP2CF1oe plants also exhibited increased biomass yield, mainly due to accelerated growth of inflorescence stems through the activation of cell proliferation and expansion. Our results provide new insights into the physiological significance of AtPP2CF1 as a candidate gene for plant growth production and for potential application in the sustainable supply of plant biomass.
Enhancing and neutralizing anti‐coxsackievirus activities in serum samples from patients prior to development of type 1 diabetes (2020)

Evaluating the anti-enterovirus neutralizing and enhancing activity of serum samples can be useful to investigate further the relationship between enteroviruses and the development of T1D.