gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbon nanotubes and oxide nanofibers on mechanical properties of aluminum AD0 after cold working and annealing (2021)

Cast aluminium composite materials based on AD0 aluminium, reinforced with carbon nanotubes and aluminium oxide nanofibers are obtained. It is shown that the additives of 0.05 wt % of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and aluminum oxide nanofibers (AONF) allow increasing ultimate tensile strength of cast metal by 15 % and 16 % respectively. Strengthening of the metal is maintained after cold deformation and annealing. Aluminum AD0 with additives SWCNT or AONF retains high strength after annealing, while aluminum without additives is significantly weakened, this allows to obtain annealed aluminum wire, with a strength limit of 54 – 69 % and yield strength of 53 – 78 % higher than that of metal without additives. The influence of SWCNT and AONF on the size of aluminum grain AD0 in the cast state, after cold deformation and annealing has been studied. Nano-additives have been found to inhibit the growth of metal grains at the stage of collective recrystallization, as well as to influence the process of primary recrystallization of aluminum.
The physics and chemistry of graphene-on-surfaces (2017)

Graphene has demonstrated great potential in next-generation electronics due to its unique two-dimensional structure and properties including a zero-gap band structure, high electron mobility, and high electrical and thermal conductivity. The integration of atom-thick graphene into a device always involves its interaction with a supporting substrate by van der Waals forces and other intermolecular forces or even covalent bonding, and this is critical to its real applications. Graphene films on different surfaces are expected to exhibit significant differences in their properties, which lead to changes in their morphology, electronic structure, surface chemistry/physics, and surface/interface states. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the surface/interface properties is of great importance. In this review, we describe the major "graphene-on-surface" structures and examine the roles of their properties and related phenomena in governing the overall performance for specific applications including optoelectronics, surface catalysis, anti-friction and superlubricity, and coatings and composites. Finally, perspectives on the opportunities and challenges of graphene-on-surface systems are discussed.
Constraint synthesis for environment modeling in functional verification (2003)

Modeling design environment with constraints instead of a traditional testbench is advantageous in a hybrid verification framework that encompasses simulation and formal verification. This movement is gaining popularity in industry and sparks research in the constraint-based environment modeling and stimulus generation problem. We present an approach, called constraint synthesis, to this problem. Constraint synthesis falls in the general category of parametric Boolean equation solving but is novel in utilizing don't care information unique to hardware constraints and heuristic variable removal to simplify the solution. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Development of Pig Embryos by Nuclear Transfer of Cultured Fibroblast Cells (1999)

Pig fibroblast cells were transferred to enucleated oocytes by micromanipulation and electrofusion. The donor cells used for nuclear transfer were synchronized in presumptive G0 by serum starvation. In the first experiment, nuclear transfer was performed with fibroblasts that had either a smooth or a rough surface. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in the percentage of chromosome condensation (39.5%, 15/38 and 16.6%, 5/30) and nuclear formation (36.8%, 14/38 and 16.3%, 8/49) was found between the reconstructed embryos derived from the cells with smooth surface and with rough surfaces, respectively. The percentage of chromosome condensation (42.5%, 17/40 and 19.6%, 11/56) and nuclear formation (38.3%, 23/60 and 18.8%, 9/48) were higher (p < 0.05) in reconstructed embryos derived from small (15 microm) donor cells compared to large donor cells (20 microm), respectively. The percentage nuclei at 3 different time points (3, 6, and 9 hours in culture medium) was higher (p = 0.003) in the reconstructed embryos activated by thimerosal and dithiothreitol (20%, 36%, and 41.3%) compared to those without activation treatment (0%, 11.8%, and 22.2%). In addition, there was an increased percentage with nuclei as the time in culture increased from 3 to 9 hours (p = 0.029). The percentages of chromosome condensation (34.6%; 9/26) and nuclear formation (33.3%; 9/27) in nuclear transfer embryos were similar. The rate of blastocysts/morulae development (14.0%; 6/43) was low. However, 2 cavitated embryos (presumptive blastocysts) with 14 and 11 nuclei and 1 morula with 8 nuclei were obtained. This together with the above evidence indicate that the nuclei from pig fibroblast cells can be partially reprogrammed, which suggests that transfer of nuclei from fibroblast cells to in vitro matured oocytes resulting in production of identical or genetically altered pigs may be possible.
Evaluation of Dual Mode Logic Under Cryogenic Temperatures (2022)

Dual Mode Logic (DML) enables the dynamical operation of digital circuits optimized for energy-delay efficiency. Here, for the first time, DML is examined under cryogenic conditions, and its characteristics are evaluated for future applications. As a proof-of-concept, a DML testchip designed in 65nm technology was measured under cryogenic temperatures down to 4K. Measurements at supply voltages from 0.8V to 1.2V and temperatures ranging from 300K (room temperature) to 4K, confirm the effectiveness of DML under extreme temperatures.
Supplementary Table 1 from Brain Tumor Cells in Circulation Are Enriched for Mesenchymal Gene Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinical association of CTC frequency&lt;/p&gt;
A Structured Review Addressing the Use of Radiographic Measures of Alignment and the Definition of Acceptability in Patients with Distal Radius Fractures (2015)

Substantial variability in how radiographic measurements are defined in large clinical studies as seen in this review suggest a need for consensus on the assessment and interpretations of radiographic measures used in patients following a distal radius fracture. Guidelines for radiographic measures should be established to ensure consistency between research and treatment centers.
Inflammatory and Injury Responses to Ischemic Stroke in Obese Mice (2008)

Obesity worsens the inflammatory and injury responses to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion by a mechanism independent of leptin deficiency. monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 appears to contribute to the exaggerated responses to ischemic stroke in obese mice.
Evaluating pregnant occupant restraints: the effect of local uterine compression on the risk of fetal injury. (2004)

In order to develop effective restraint systems for the pregnant occupant, injury criteria for determining fetal injury risk must be developed. This study presents computer simulations of a 30 week pregnant occupant that illustrate the importance of local uterine compression on the risk of fetal injury. Frontal impact simulations with a range of velocities and belt positions were used to identify the best correlation between local uterine compression and peak strain measured at the uterine-placental interface. It is suggested that future pregnant dummy development and specifically pregnant injury criteria should be based on local uterine compression relative to the placental attachment location.
ChemInform Abstract: ERZEUGUNG VON TRANS‐PI‐PENTADIENYLEISEN‐TRICARBONYL‐KATIONEN DURCH PROTONIERUNG VON (TRANS,TRANS‐2,4‐HEXADIENAL)‐EISEN‐TRICARBONYL (I) (1973)

Abstract Die Protonierung des Eisenkomplexes (I) mit (II) führt zu zwei trans‐Pentadienyleisen‐Kationen (III), einer s‐cis‐Form (IIIa) und einer s‐trans‐Form (IIIb) in nahezu gleichen Mengen.
Abstract 4061: Computer-assisted Gleason grading of prostate cancer: Two novel approaches using nuclear shape and texture feature to classify pathologic Gleason grade patterns 3 and 4 (2012)

Abstract Introduction: We used two novel computer-assisted imaging applications that incorporate nuclear shape and texture analysis to differentiate Gleason grade patterns 3 and 4 of H&amp;Ein a tissue microarray (TMA). The two approaches utilized a variational adaptive segmentation scheme (AdACM) (Rutgers) and the cardinal multiridgelet transform (CMRT) based texture analysis (University of Pittsburgh). Methods: The TMA include 0.6 mm cores from blocks that included Gleason patterns of CaP radical prostatectomy cases from 40 patients. The TMA comprised 13 Gleason patterns 6 (3+3), 8 pattern 7 (3+4), 7 pattern 8 (4+4) and 5 pattern 9 (4+5) Gleason grade (GG) patterns. The AdACM uses 200 × 200 pixel images extracted for nuclear &amp; architectural textural features. All features were based on mathematical energy terms with a shape prior in a multi-level set formulation. The CMRT is an image transform that is translation- and rotation-invariant, and provides a means of displaying texture contents for selection of discriminative features. With a 3-scale decomposition, it gives 8 ridgelet packets and 16 statistical texture features in a 256 x 256 pixel image patch that are averaged over 9 non-overlapping patches in a given image for separation of GG patterns 3 and 4. Results: The CMRT study utilized 3 of 16 texture features extracted from images and trained a Gaussian kernel support vector machine (SVM), a leave-one-out cross-validation showed an accuracy of 94% and AUC of 0.97. For AdACM, nuclear features and architectural features were extracted. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was employed for feature selection and best features from all three classes could discriminate Gleason grade 3 vs. 4 with an accuracy of 86% via a SVM classifier. Conclusions: Unique quantitative imaging of tissue nuclear shape and texture features can accurately differentiate Gleason patterns 3 and 4. Our research will next evaluate CaP outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4061. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4061
Peer Reviewed: Injected-Ion Mobility Analysis of Biomolecules (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Injected-Ion Mobility Analysis of Biomolecules Injected-ion mobility can be used to characterize conformations, examine protein folding, and complement MS methods. Yansheng Liu, Stephen J. Valentine, Anne E. Counterman, Cherokee S. Hoaglund, and David E. ClemmerCite this: Anal. Chemi. 1997, 69, 23, 728A–735APublication Date (Web):June 1, 2011Publication History Published online1 June 2011Published inissue 1 December 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ac971869bRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (15 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Chemical vapor detection using single-walled carbon nanotubes (2006)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes possess unique properties that make them a potentially ideal material for chemical sensing. However, their extremely small size also presents technical challenges for realizing a practical sensor technology. In this tutorial review we explore the transduction physics by which the presence of molecular adsorbates is converted into a measurable electronic signal, and we identify solutions to the problems such as nanotube device fabrication and large, low-frequency noise that have inhibited commercial sensor development. Finally, we examine strategies to provide the necessary chemical specificity to realize a nanotube-based detection system for trace-level chemical vapor detection.
Towards an Efficient Microsystem for the Real‐Time Detection and Quantification of Mercury in Water Based on a Specifically Designed Fluorogenic Binary Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid (2009)

Quick test for quicksilver: A microdevice for liquid–liquid extraction and sensing of mercury ions in water uses an ionic liquid containing a task-specific ionic fluorogenic salt (L1) as the extracting liquid phase. The “off–on” sensing response decreases the likelihood of false positives and allows detection of Hg2+ in aqueous solution down to 50 ppb. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Sequential LASER ART and CRISPR Treatments Eliminate HIV-1 in a Subset of Infected Humanized Mice (2019)

Elimination of HIV-1 requires clearance and removal of integrated proviral DNA from infected cells and tissues. Here, sequential long-acting slow-effective release antiviral therapy (LASER ART) and CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrate viral clearance in latent infectious reservoirs in HIV-1 infected humanized mice. HIV-1 subgenomic DNA fragments, spanning the long terminal repeats and the Gag gene, are excised in vivo, resulting in elimination of integrated proviral DNA; virus is not detected in blood, lymphoid tissue, bone marrow and brain by nested and digital-droplet PCR as well as RNAscope tests. No CRISPR-Cas9 mediated off-target effects are detected. Adoptive transfer of human immunocytes from dual treated, virus-free animals to uninfected humanized mice fails to produce infectious progeny virus. In contrast, HIV-1 is readily detected following sole LASER ART or CRISPR-Cas9 treatment. These data provide proof-of-concept that permanent viral elimination is possible.
Terminology in IPv6 over Timeslotted Channel Hopping (2013)

6TSCH proposes an architecture for an IPv6 multilink subnet that is
composed of a high speed powered backbone and a number of
IEEE802.15.4e TSCH wireless networks attached and synchronized by
backbone routers. This document extends existing terminology documents
available for Low-power and Lossy Networks to provide additional
terminology elements.
Infrared Study Of Excimer Laser Induced Surface Modification Of Kapton (1988)

The surfaces of the polyimide Kapton obtained by irradiation with 308 nm pulsed ultraviolet radiation from a XeCI excimer laser in air were studied. DRIFT (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform) analysis of the processed material indicated an increase in surface area as a result of ablative etching. This was verified through the use of SEM (Scanniig Electron Microscopy) scans of the treated polyimide film. At high fluences (7.8 J/cm ) and high numbers of pulses on the same target area, the infrared spectrum of the sample showed the appearance of broadband absorption between 2000 - 4000 cm-1. This was attributed to the formation of carbonaceous residue on the surface of the film.
Superconducting nanowire single photon detector on diamond (2014)

Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors are fabricated directly on diamond substrates and their optical and electrical properties are characterized. Dark count performance and photon count rates are measured at varying temperatures for 1310 nm and 632 nm photons. A multi-step diamond surface polishing procedure is reported, involving iterative reactive ion etching and mechanical polishing to create a suitable diamond surface for the deposition and patterning of thin film superconducting layers. Using this approach, diamond substrates with less than 300 pm Root Mean Square surface roughness are obtained.
A low noise programmable clock multiplier based on a pulse injection-locked oscillator with a highly-digital tuning loop (2008)

This paper introduces a pulse injection-locked oscillator (PILO) that provides low jitter clock multiplication of a clean input reference clock. A mostly-digital feedback circuit provides continuous tuning of the oscillator such that its natural frequency is locked to the injected frequency. The prototype uses a 50 MHz reference input to generate a 3.2 GHz output with integrated phase noise, reference spur, and estimated deterministic jitter of 134 fs (rms), - 63.4 dBc, and 211 fs (peak-to-peak), respectively.
Narrowing the gap in flip chips (1998)

Due to the high I/O density, low-cost assembly, and low package profile, DCA is the technology of choice in many current applications. However, DCA configurations are vulnerable to thermally induced strains and the resulting solder-joint fatigue, which, in turn, leads to reduced reliability. In recent years it has been found possible to obtain dramatically higher (5-10X) reliability and to operate successfully with much larger chip sizes, under comparable operating conditions and with identical solders, by underfilling a chip. Underfilling is done by filling the gap between the chip and substrate with epoxy, which also surrounds the solder joints. Underfilling between the chip and substrate reduces solder-joint deformation and shear strain.
The application of a formal model of the human operator into a system which is dynamically changing (2003)

The human operator is an extremely difficult element to model in any man-machine interaction due to his or her nondeterministic nature and possibly nonstationary behaviour. A formal model utilizing phase plane portraits which can detect (in probability) when it would be appropriate to remove the human from the loop and automate his or her function is developed. This type of modeling falls within the context of intelligent control or fuzzy control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Limited-View X-Ray Tomography Combining Attenuation and Compton Scatter Data: Approach and Experimental Results (2019)

X-ray inspection systems are critical in medical, non-destructive testing, and security applications, with systems typically measuring attenuation along straight-line paths connecting sources and detectors. Computed tomography (CT) systems can provide higher-quality images than single- or dual-view systems, but the need to measure many projections leads to greater system cost and complexity. Typically, off-angle Compton scattered photons are treated as noise during tomographic inversion. We seek to maximize the image quality of limited-view systems by combining attenuation data with measurements of Compton-scattered photons, exploiting the fact that the broken-ray paths followed by scattered photons provide additional geometric sampling of the scene. We describe a single-scatter forward model for Compton-scatter data measured with energy-resolving detectors, and demonstrate a reconstruction algorithm for density that combines both attenuation and scatter measurements. The experimental results suggest that including Compton-scattered data in the reconstruction process can improve image quality for density reconstruction using limited-view systems.
Electronic and Ionic Transport in Processable Conducting Polymers (1992)

Abstract : Stability studies of the electrical conductivity of poly(pyrrole tosylate) (PPTOS); poly(pyrrole dodecylbenzenesulfonate) (PPDBS) and polypyrrole/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PP/PSS) films and their laminated composites with epoxy/glass have been carried out at 160 F and 95% relative humidity. GPC molecular weight studies of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) has shown that the use of a multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) detector, which provides absolute molecular weights, gives much higher values (2-5 times) than using polystyrene standards and an RI or UV-VIS detector. Thus, polystyrene is a poor molecular weight standard for these rigid rod poly(3-alkylthiophenes). Ion binding studies have been extended to polypyrrole/poly(styrene sulfonate) using Ru(bpy)3(2+)(bpy=2,2'-bipyridyl) and Ru(NH3)6(3+) as redox probes. Copolymers of pyrrole and 3-(1-pyrrolyl)propanesulfonate have also been studied this way. Partition coefficients were determined with a combination of UV-VIS spectrophotometric and voltammetric data.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes as Light Absorption and Light Emission Sensitizers (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Selectivity in small molecule binding to human telomeric RNA and DNA quadruplexes (2009)

Quadruplex RNAs are less well understood than their DNA counterparts, yet of potentially high biological relevance. The interactions of several quadruplex-binding ligands with telomeric RNA quadruplexes are reported and compared with their binding to the analogous DNA quadruplexes.
Induction of Acute Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Cardiotoxin Injection (2017)

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a physiological process that occurs in adult skeletal muscles in response to injury or disease. Acute injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration is a widely used, powerful model system to study the events involved in muscle regeneration as well as the mechanisms and different players. Indeed, a detailed knowledge of this process is essential for a better understanding of the pathological conditions that lead to skeletal muscle degeneration, and it aids in identifying new targeted therapeutic strategies. The present work describes a detailed and reproducible protocol to induce acute skeletal muscle regeneration in mice through a single intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin (CTX). CTX belongs to the family of snake venom toxins and causes myolysis of myofibers, which eventually triggers the regeneration events. The dynamics of skeletal muscle regeneration is evaluated by histological analysis of muscle sections. The protocol also illustrates the experimental procedures for dissecting, freezing, and cutting the Tibialis Anterior muscle, as well as the routine Hematoxylin & Eosin staining that is widely used for subsequent morphological and morphometric analysis.
Intra-cavity Frequency Doubling of a Diode-Pumped Nd:YAG Laser Passively Q-switched by Cr4+:YAG Saturable Absorber (2001)

A diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser, passively Q-switched by a Cr4+YAG saturable absorber and intra-cavity frequency-doubled by a LBO crystal is described. The device produces 532 nm pulses of 263-µJ energy and 87.8-ns width at a pulse repetition rate of 3.8 kHz. The dynamics of the pulse formation is discussed by introducing a nonlinear loss term, caused by the frequency conversion, into the coupled rate equations describing the operation of passively Q-switched lasers.