gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: THE CYCLIZATION REACTIONS OF Γ‐AMIDO ALCOHOLS AND SYNTHESIS OF 2‐BENZAZEPIN‐3‐ONE DERIVATIVES BY ACID CATALYZED REARRANGEMENT OF 1,3‐OXAZEPIN‐4‐ONE DERIVATIVES (1977)

Abstract Die sekundären Amide (I) mit einer Hydroxylgruppe in γ‐Stellung reagieren mit Formaldehyd unter Cyclisierung zu Oxazepinon‐Derivaten (II).
Bioindication of the ecological state (health) of coastal waters based on the use of automatic bioelectronic systems (2020)

The paper presents the data obtained in the study of the health of the ecosystems in a number of recreational areas of the Black Sea and the Eastern Gulf of Finland. Prompt assessment of the health of the ecosystems was carried out by testing the health of adult bivalve mollusks inhabiting them, using the functional load method based on the analysis of their heart rate measured by a fiber-optic bioelectronic system. The goal of the study is to test the innovative bioindication technology developed earlier by the authors on the basis of the above-mentioned method in the regional programs for environmental monitoring of the ecosystems of coastal marine and freshwater recreational water areas (using the example of a number of water areas of Sevastopol, as well as several freshwater areas of the Kurortniy District of St. Petersburg. It has been established that the functional state of mollusks may serve as an indicator of excessive pollution of coastal waters by the objects that discharge insufficiently treated wastewater from their local treatment facilities, including household wastewater. The technology applied in this study for the assessment of functional state of local species of molluscs may be effectively used to solve the problems of early diagnostics of alterations in the health status of coastal aquatic ecosystems and contribute to ensuring the ecological safety of recreational water areas, serving as an infobase for the development of science-based environmental management decisions. Taking into account a high expressiveness and easy-to-use technology applied in the study (which does not require expertise for its practical implementation), this technology may be considered as the best available technology for biomonitoring the water quality of recreational waters in Russia.
Process Development and Large-Scale Synthesis of BTK Inhibitor BIIB068 (2020)

Chemical process development efforts leading to multikilogram production of BIIB068 hemiadipate are discussed. Process optimization resulted in (1) removal of transition metal from the process, (2) a streamlined process with significantly improved overall yield, and (3) appropriate impurity control (including potential mutagenic impurities), which enabled delivery of quality material for toxicology studies and clinical trials.
Cyclin D activates the Rb tumor suppressor by mono-phosphorylation (2014)

The widely accepted model of G1 cell cycle progression proposes that cyclin D:Cdk4/6 inactivates the Rb tumor suppressor during early G1 phase by progressive multi-phosphorylation, termed hypo-phosphorylation, to release E2F transcription factors. However, this model remains unproven biochemically and the biologically active form(s) of Rb remains unknown. In this study, we find that Rb is exclusively mono-phosphorylated in early G1 phase by cyclin D:Cdk4/6. Mono-phosphorylated Rb is composed of 14 independent isoforms that are all targeted by the E1a oncoprotein, but show preferential E2F binding patterns. At the late G1 Restriction Point, cyclin E:Cdk2 inactivates Rb by quantum hyper-phosphorylation. Cells undergoing a DNA damage response activate cyclin D:Cdk4/6 to generate mono-phosphorylated Rb that regulates global transcription, whereas cells undergoing differentiation utilize un-phosphorylated Rb. These observations fundamentally change our understanding of G1 cell cycle progression and show that mono-phosphorylated Rb, generated by cyclin D:Cdk4/6, is the only Rb isoform in early G1 phase.
Correlation between the Selectivity and the Structure of an Asymmetric Catalyst Built on a Chirally Amplified Supramolecular Helical Scaffold (2016)

For the first time, supramolecular helical rods composed of an achiral metal complex and a complementary enantiopure monomer provided a good level of enantioinduction in asymmetric catalysis. Mixtures containing an achiral ligand monomer (BTA(PPh2), 2 mol %) and an enantiopure ligand-free comonomer (ester BTA, 2.5 mol %), both possessing a complementary benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) central unit, were investigated in combination with [Rh(cod)2]BArF (1 mol %) in the asymmetric hydrogenation of dimethyl itaconate. Notably, efficient chirality transfer occurs within the hydrogen-bonded coassemblies formed by BTA Ile and the intrinsically achiral catalytic rhodium catalyst, providing the hydrogenation product with up to 85% ee. The effect of the relative content of BTA Ile as compared to the ligand was investigated. The amount of chiral comonomer can be decreased down to one-fourth of that of the ligand without deteriorating the enantioselectivity of the reaction, while the enantioselectivity decreases for mixtures containing high amounts of BTA Ile. The nonlinear relationship between the amount of chiral comonomer and the enantioselectivity indicates that chirality amplification effects are at work in this catalytic system. Also, right-handed helical rods are formed upon co-assembly of the achiral rhodium complex of BTA(PPh2) and the enantiopure comonomer BTA Ile as confirmed by various spectroscopic and scattering techniques. Remarkably, the major enantiomer and the selectivity of the catalytic reaction are related to the handedness and the net helicity of the coassemblies, respectively. Further development of this class of catalysts built on chirally amplified helical scaffolds should contribute to the design of asymmetric catalysts operating with low amounts of chiral entities.
Vedere, significare, comunicare. Per una fenomenologia della città (2013)

L’autrice si propone di illustrare la validita di sinergie metodologiche fra sociologia urbana e sociologia visuale per entrare nell’inconscio collettivo urbano, parte integrante dell’identita urbana. Vedere, comunicare, significare sono gli aspetti della sociologia visuale che introducono all’approfondimento fenomenologico dello studio della citta. Essi vengono analizzati attraverso una disamina di testi di sociologia visuale, di sociologia urbana, ma anche di letteratura, semiologia e psicanalisi per giungere alla proposta di verificare attraverso fotografie che riprendono spazi e momenti della vita urbana l’ipotesi epistemologica raggiunta.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetyl Cyanide as a Cyanide Source in a Tandem Catalyst‐Free Modified Groebke—Blackburn—Bienayme [4 + 1]‐Cycloaddition‐Strecker Cascade. (2015)

Abstract The operationally simple one‐pot three‐step cascade reaction allows the synthesis of biologically significant imidazoheterocycles in short reaction times.
Recombinant human interleukin 6 (B‐cell stimulatory factor 2) is a potent inducer of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1) (1988)

Recombinant human interleukin 6 (IL-6), a lymphokine involved in the final differentiation of activated B-cells into antibody-forming cells, greatly suppressed proliferation and induced differentiation of murine myeloid leukemia cells (M1) into mature macrophage-like cells. When M1 cells were treated with IL-6, their growth was completely arrested as early as on day 2, and they were induced to differentiate morphologically into macrophage-like cells. Differentiation-associated properties such as phagocytic activity, adherence to the dish surface, Fc and C3 receptors, were also induced within 24 h by IL-6, and they reached their respective maximal levels on day 2 or 3. The potency of IL-6 in suppressing proliferation and inducing differentiation was much greater than that of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 one of the most potent inducers of M1 cells. The present report indicates that IL-6 is involved in the differentiation of not only B-cells but also myeloid leukemia cells.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Synthesis of Isopodophyllotoxin (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Notice of Removal: Self-adaptive time reversal cavity for ultrasound therapy through the ribcage (2017)

Removed.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin‐Transfer Magnetization Switching in Ordered Alloy‐Based Nanopillar Devices (2011)

Abstract Review: 55 refs.
Synthese und Strukturuntersuchung von Pyridin‐Borabenzol und Pyridin‐2‐Boranaphthalin (1985)

Abstract Die Synthese von Pyridin‐Borabenzol ( 8 ) gelingt, wenn aus 1‐Methoxy‐6‐(trimethylsilyl)‐1‐bora‐2,4‐cyclohexadien ( 7 ) in Gegenwart von Pyridin bei 60°C Methoxytrimethylsilan abgespalten wird. Die gelbe Verbindung zeigt eine Charge‐Transfer‐Bande bei 472 nm. Die Röntgenstruktur‐analyse sowie die Protonensignale von 8 belegen den aromatischen Charakter des Borabenzols. Pyridin‐ und Borabenzolring sind um 43.3° gegeneinander verdreht. Pyridin‐2‐Boranaphthalin ( 14a ), dessen Herstellung durch Abspaltung von Chlortrimethylsilan in Gegenwart von Pyridin aus 2‐Chlor‐1,2‐dihydro‐1‐(trimethylsilyl)‐2‐boranaphthalin ( 13 ) erfolgt, bildet tiefrote Kristalle. Seine Charge‐Transfer‐Bande bei 486 nm kommt ebenso wie diejenige in 8 durch einen Übergang aus dem HOMO des Boraaren‐Molekülteils in das LUMO des Pyridinteils zustande. Die geringe Verdrillung der beiden Ringsysteme in 14a von 8.1° erleichtert den Elektronentransfer. Die Konjugation der beiden Molekülteile in 14a führt gegenüber 8 zu einer Verkürzung der B – N‐Bindung von 155.8 auf 151.5 pm. Im Gegensatz zum roten 14a ist Triethylamin‐2‐Boranaphthalin ( 14b ) farblos.
Statistical assessment of the stability of neural movement representations (2011)

In systems neuroscience, neural activity that represents movements or sensory stimuli is often characterized by spatial tuning curves that may change in response to training, attention, altered mechanics, or the passage of time. A vital step in determining whether tuning curves change is accounting for estimation uncertainty due to measurement noise. In this study, we address the issue of tuning curve stability using methods that take uncertainty directly into account. We analyze data recorded from neurons in primary motor cortex using chronically implanted, multielectrode arrays in four monkeys performing center-out reaching. With the use of simulations, we demonstrate that under typical experimental conditions, the effect of neuronal noise on estimated preferred direction can be quite large and is affected by both the amount of data and the modulation depth of the neurons. In experimental data, we find that after taking uncertainty into account using bootstrapping techniques, the majority of neurons appears to be very stable on a timescale of minutes to hours. Lastly, we introduce adaptive filtering methods to explicitly model dynamic tuning curves. In contrast to several previous findings suggesting that tuning curves may be in constant flux, we conclude that the neural representation of limb movement is, on average, quite stable and that impressions to the contrary may be largely the result of measurement noise.
ChemInform Abstract: Picosecond UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of the Photochemical Hydrogen Migration in 1,3,5‐Cycloheptatriene (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance and economic considerations of repowering steam power plants (1993)

Repowering is broadly defined as an addition to or replacement of existing power plant equipment, retaining serviceable permitted components to improve generation economics, extend life, improve environmental performance, enhance operability and maintainability, and more effectively use an existing site. The most common form of repowering uses a gas turbine whose exhaust is used either as preheated combustion air, energy for feedwater heating or the displacement of steam from a fossil fuel fired boiler. Using the gas turbine exhaust as the steam supply in a conventional steam cycle results in the greatest increase in system output, most improved thermal efficiency and the greatest reduction in environmental emissions relative to the other available repowering options. Repowering may be an economically viable option at sites fuelled with natural gas and/or distillate oil, or coal or other solid or less desirable liquid fuels if a gasification system is included. This paper discusses the technical and economic aspects of available gas turbine-based repowering options focusing primarily on the steam displacement, or heat recovery repowering, alternative. Included are performance and operating characteristics as well as an example illustrating the economic merit of this technology. The environmental benefits of repowering and their impact on the generation system planning process in regions where environmental externalities are included in least cost planning evaluations are also illustrated. 20 figs., 7 tabs.
Serum Levels of Bile Salt-Stimulated Lipase and Breast Feeding (2003)

Lack of difference in BSSL serum levels between formula- and breast-feeding, and lower BSSL levels in infants compared to adults, suggest that human milk does not contribute to BSSL serum levels.
Oxidation of 2-Deoxyribose by Benzotriazinyl Radicals of Antitumor 3-Amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Dioxides (2004)

Tirapazamine (3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide) is the lead bioreductive drug in clinical trials as an anticancer agent to kill refractory hypoxic cells of solid tumors. It has long been known that, upon metabolic one-electron reduction, tirapazamine induces lethal DNA double strand breaks in hypoxic cells. These strand breaks arise from radical damage to the ribose moiety of DNA, and in this pulse radiolysis and product analysis study we examine mechanistic aspects of the dual function of tirapazamine and analogues in producing radicals of sufficient power to oxidize 2-deoxyribose to form radicals, as well as the ability of the compounds to oxidize the resulting deoxyribose radicals to generate the strand breaks. Both the rate of oxidation of 2-deoxyribose and the radical yield increase with the one-electron reduction potentials of the putative benzotriazinyl radicals formed from the benzotriazine 1,4-dioxides. Subsequent oxidation of the 2-deoxyribose radicals by the benzotriazine 1,4-dioxides and 1-oxides proceeds through adduct formation followed by breakdown to form the radical anions of both species. The yield of the radical anions increases with increasing one-electron reduction potentials of the compounds. We have previously presented evidence that oxidizing benzotriazinyl radicals are formed following one-electron reduction of the benzotriazine 1,4-dioxides. The reactions reported in this work represent the kinetic basis of a short chain reaction leading to increased oxidation of 2-deoxyribose, a process which is dependent on the one-electron reduction potential of the benzotriazinyl radicals that are above a threshold value of ca. 1.24 V.
Immunisation active à base de peptides, dérivés de l’IL-6 et de l’IL-1β, dans les maladies inflammatoires chroniques (2013)

Monoclonal antibodies have been a revolution for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, but their use shows major drawbacks (non-response, resistance, side effects and prohibitive costs).Our team develops an original alternative strategy: anti-cytokine peptide-based active immunization.The aim of the approach is to make the patient’s own organism produce antibodies capable of neutralizing the pathogenic effects of cytokine overproduction.During my PhD, I have demonstrated that active immunization against an IL-6 murine peptide confers clinical protection in a murine model of systemic sclerosis. Monkeys immunized against the human peptide also showed a significant decrease of local inflammatory reactions following a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Moreover, active immunization against an IL-1β and an IL-23 murinepeptide led to a reduction of the severity of the EAE in mice.These results comfort the interest of anti-cytokine peptide-based active immunization, which should eventually widen the choice of therapeutics available for the patients.
Is the Charnley evolution working? A five-year outcome study. (2004)

Two hundred consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties (196 patients) carried out between January 1994 and May 1995 using the Elite Plus cemented femoral components (DePuy International, Leeds, UK) were enrolled in a prospective study. Fifteen patients were lost to follow-up. The patients were evaluated clinically using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiographically. The mean HHS was raised from 39.3 preoperatively to 89.6 at 5 years. Radiologically the mean femoral subsidence was 1.40 mm at 5 years. The mean annual rate of re-operation was 0.2%. There were no revisions for aseptic loosening. In the present series, the Elite Plus hip arthroplasty has produced clinical and radiological results, which are comparable with the Charnley hip at five years.
A Nonparametric Mixed-Effects Mixture Model for Patterns of Clinical Measurements Associated with COVID-19 (2023)

Some patients with COVID-19 show changes in signs and symptoms such as temperature and oxygen saturation days before being positively tested for SARS-CoV-2, while others remain asymptomatic. It is important to identify these subgroups and to understand what biological and clinical predictors are related to these subgroups. This information will provide insights into how the immune system may respond differently to infection and can further be used to identify infected individuals. We propose a flexible nonparametric mixed-effects mixture model that identifies risk factors and classifies patients with biological changes. We model the latent probability of biological changes using a logistic regression model and trajectories in the latent groups using smoothing splines. We developed an EM algorithm to maximize the penalized likelihood for estimating all parameters and mean functions. We evaluate our methods by simulations and apply the proposed model to investigate changes in temperature in a cohort of COVID-19-infected hemodialysis patients.
Small signal modeling of sensorless current mode controlled DC-DC converters (2003)

Sensorless current mode (SCM) control emulates current mode control without current sensing. A small signal SCM control model is proposed. The effect of SCM is to provide feed forward line disturbance rejection for DC-DC converters. while preserving their inherent open loop stability and asymptotic reference tracking.
TAH READINESS FOR PRE-CLINICAL RELIABILITY STUDIES (1996)

Kung, R.; Hart, R.; Ochs, B.; Yu, L.; Zarinetchi, F.; Bhunia, S.; Parnis, S.; Maoris, M.; Frazier, O. Author Information
Atypical α-Conotoxin LtIA from Conus litteratus Targets a Novel Microsite of the α3β2 Nicotinic Receptor (2010)

Different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes are implicated in learning, pain sensation, and disease states, including Parkinson disease and nicotine addiction. alpha-Conotoxins are among the most selective nAChR ligands. Mechanistic insights into the structure, function, and receptor interaction of alpha-conotoxins may serve as a platform for development of new therapies. Previously characterized alpha-conotoxins have a highly conserved Ser-Xaa-Pro motif that is crucial for potent nAChR interaction. This study characterized the novel alpha-conotoxin LtIA, which lacks this highly conserved motif but potently blocked alpha3beta2 nAChRs with a 9.8 nm IC(50) value. The off-rate of LtIA was rapid relative to Ser-Xaa-Pro-containing alpha-conotoxin MII. Nevertheless, pre-block of alpha3beta2 nAChRs with LtIA prevented the slowly reversible block associated with MII, suggesting overlap in their binding sites. nAChR beta subunit ligand-binding interface mutations were used to examine the >1000-fold selectivity difference of LtIA for alpha3beta2 versus alpha3beta4 nAChRs. Unlike MII, LtIA had a >900-fold increased IC(50) value on alpha3beta2(F119Q) versus wild type nAChRs, whereas T59K and V111I beta2 mutants had little effect. Molecular docking simulations suggested that LtIA had a surprisingly shallow binding site on the alpha3beta2 nAChR that includes beta2 Lys-79. The K79A mutant disrupted LtIA binding but was without effect on an LtIA analog where the Ser-Xaa-Pro motif is present, consistent with distinct binding modes.
Therapeutic Vaccination againstHelicobacter pyloriin the Beagle Dog Experimental Model: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy (2004)

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa causing gastritis and peptic ulcer and increasing the risk of gastric cancer. The efficacy of current antibiotic-based therapies can be limited by problems of patient compliance and increasing antibiotic resistance; the vaccine approach can overcome these limits. The present study describes the therapeutic vaccination of experimentally H. pylori-infected beagle dogs, an animal model that reproduces several aspects of the human infection with H. pylori. The vaccine consisted of three recombinant H. pylori antigens, CagA, VacA, and NAP, formulated at different doses (10, 25, or 50 microg each) with alum and administered intramuscularly either weekly or monthly. No adverse effects were observed after vaccination and a good immunoglobulin G response was generated against each of the three antigens. Bacterial colonization and gastritis were decreased after the completion of the vaccination cycle, especially in the case of the monthly immunization schedule. In conclusion, therapeutic vaccination in the beagle dog model was safe and immunogenic and was able to limit H. pylori colonization and the related gastric pathology.
ChemInform Abstract: The Interplay of Theory and Experiment in the Study of Phenylnitrene (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL ATOM CHEMISTRY AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY. 1. DIOXYGENSILVER AG+,O2‐, AND TETRAOXYGENSILVER, AG+,O4‐, REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES IN THE SILVER ATOM‐DIOXYGEN SYSTEM. RELEVANCE TO SURFACE CHEMISTRY (1977)

Abstract Die gemeinsame Kondensation von Ag‐ Atomen mit reinen bzw. Ar‐verdünnten mOz‐Matrizen bei 6‐12 K wird spektroskopisch (IR, UV, Sichtbar) untersucht.