gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Teams Communicate about the Quality of ML Models: A Case Study at an International Technology Company (2021)

Machine learning (ML) has become a crucial component in software products, either as part of the user experience or used internally by software teams. Prior studies have explored how ML is affecting development team roles beyond data scientists, including user experience designers, program managers, developers and operations engineers. However, there has been little investigation of how team members in different roles on the team communicate about ML, in particular about the quality of models. We use the general term quality to look beyond technical issues of model evaluation, such as accuracy and overfitting, to any issue affecting whether a model is suitable for use, including ethical, engineering, operations, and legal considerations. What challenges do teams face in discussing the quality of ML models? What work practices mitigate those challenges? To address these questions, we conducted a mixed-methods study at a large software company, first interviewing15 employees in a variety of roles, then surveying 168 employees to broaden our understanding. We found several challenges, including a mismatch between user-focused and model-focused notions of performance, misunderstandings about the capabilities and limitations of evolving ML technology, and difficulties in understanding concerns beyond one's own role. We found several mitigation strategies, including the use of demos during discussions to keep the team customer-focused.
Recent Advances in Orthosilicate Cathode Materials (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Sarcomatoid Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report (2011)

症例は71歳，男性．2007年11月，上腹部痛を主訴に近医を受診した．超音波検査で肝腫瘍を指摘され，当院受診となった．単純CTで後区域中心に９cmの低吸収域を認め，造影早期相では内部の造影効果は乏しく，辺縁のみ造影され，後期相では低吸収域であった．右門脈枝に腫瘍栓を認め，腫瘍は右腎臓まで浸潤していた．腫瘍マーカーは正常範囲内で肝炎ウイルスマーカーはHCV抗体陽性であった．肝内胆管癌の診断にて同年12月，肝右葉切除，右副腎，右腎合併切除術を施行した．肉眼所見は白色で硬い被膜のない9.0×7.2cmの腫瘍であった．病理組織学的所見は紡錘形細胞の増殖を認め，免疫染色ではMUC-1陽性，EMA陽性，vimentin陽性，Hep-1陰性であった．以上より肉腫様変化を伴った肝内胆管癌と診断した．本邦報告例は稀であり，文献的考察を加え報告する．
Reduction of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy infectivity from human red blood cells with prion protein affinity ligands (2006)

If endogenous TSE infectivity in RBCs binds to the ligands in the same proportion as brain-derived infectivity spiked into RBCs, the four most effective ligands would remove 3 to 4 log ID(50) per mL. A follow-up experiment is in progress to test whether endogenous blood-borne infectivity is also reduced.
Graphene: Probing Bilayer Grain Boundaries in Large‐Area Graphene with Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (Adv. Mater. 7/2017) (2017)

A twisted stacking bilayer structure of grain boundaries in large-area graphene is revealed by Mun Seok Jeong and co-workers in article number 1603601 from high-spatial-resolution (<18 nm) correlated analysis of topography, near-field scattering, and hyperspectral tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) imaging. The demonstrated analytical results of bilayer grain boundaries deliver an informative guide toward the design of future graphene devices; furthermore, this approach will be generally applicable to a range of two-dimensional materials beyond graphene.
Layered Hybrid Thin Film of Molybdenum Trioxide with Poly(2,5-dimethylaniline) for Gas Sensor Sensitive to VOC Gases in ppm Level (2006)

Abstract A layered organic/inorganic hybrid thin film consisting of MoO3 with a double-methylated polyaniline derivative, poly(2,5-dimethylaniline), showed a distinctly increasing resistivity as a response to ppm levels of aldehydic gases, and its sensitivity to acetaldehyde is higher than that to formaldehyde, which can be explained by solubility parameter theory.
MicroRNA-126 Inhibits SOX2 Expression and Contributes to Gastric Carcinogenesis (2011)

Taken together, our results indicate that miR-126 is a novel miRNA that targets SOX2, and PLAC1 may be a novel downstream target gene of SOX2 in gastric cancer cells. These findings suggest that aberrant over-expression of miR-126 and consequent SOX2 down-regulation may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis.
The roles of elevated temperature and carriers in the dyeing of polyester fibres using disperse dyes: Part 1 fundamental aspects (2023)

Abstract This review concerns the application of disperse dyes to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres using aqueous immersion dyeing processes and the roles of both elevated dyeing temperatures and carriers in such dyeing systems. This part of the paper presents a review of the fundamental properties and characteristics of PET fibres, disperse dyes and dyeing accelerants. In the next part of the paper, the various theories and concepts that have been proposed to explain the promotional effects imparted by elevated dyeing temperatures and carriers to disperse dye uptake on PET and other types of fibre, are reviewed and analysed, from the viewpoints of the essential physico‐chemical aspects of both the aqueous disperse dye/PET and disperse dye/carrier/PET systems. Later parts of the paper will present a mechanistic model of the disperse dye adsorption process based on dye solubility as well as a novel plasticisation model of dye diffusion.
Towards Effective Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma: Enhanced Elimination of Myeloma Cells by Combination of Lenalidomide with the Human CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Daratumumab (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3059 Since its approval by the FDA, lenalidomide (LEN) demonstrates impressive results in patients with newly-diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Despite these improvements, MM remains incurable, and new innovative treatments need to be developed in efforts to improve long term outcomes. Recently we have developed a new human CD38 antibody, daratumumab (DARA) which mediates MM cell killing via complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and apoptosis. In the current study we evaluated the potential benefits of combining lenalidomide (LEN) with daratumumab (DARA). We demonstrate that DARA-dependent ADCC of purified primary MM cells, as well as of CD38+ UM 9 MM cells was significantly augmented by pre-treatment of PBMC effector cells with LEN. Importantly, a synergism between LEN and DARA was observed in ex-vivo assays, which allowed us to investigate ADCC directly in whole BM-MNC, thus without isolating MM cells from their natural environment. Interestingly, DARA-induced ADCC was significantly upregulated in PBMC derived from three MM patients who were undergoing LEN treatment. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that powerful and complementary effects may be achieved by combining LEN and DARA in clinical MM management. Disclosures: Veer: GenMab, Utrecht: Research Funding. Weers:Genmab: Employment. Bakker:GenMab, Utrecht, Netherlands: Employment. Parren:Genmab: Employment. Lokhorst:GenMab: Research Funding. Mutis:GenMab: Research Funding.
Glutaminase is essential for the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells with a deregulated glutamine metabolism pathway and its suppression synergizes with mTOR inhibition (2017)

Tumor cells display fundamental changes in metabolism and nutrient uptake in order to utilize additional nutrient sources to meet their enhanced bioenergetic requirements. Glutamine (Gln) is one such nutrient that is rapidly taken up by tumor cells to fulfill this increased metabolic demand. A vital step in the catabolism of glutamine is its conversion to glutamate by the mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase (GLS). This study has identified GLS a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer, specifically in the basal subtype that exhibits a deregulated glutaminolysis pathway. Using inducible shRNA mediated gene knockdown, we discovered that loss of GLS function in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines with a deregulated glutaminolysis pathway led to profound tumor growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. GLS knockdown had no effect on growth and metabolite levels in non-TNBC cell lines. We rescued the anti-tumor effect of GLS knockdown using shRNA resistant cDNAs encoding both GLS isoforms and by addition of an α-ketoglutarate (αKG) analog thus confirming the critical role of GLS in TNBC. Pharmacological inhibition of GLS with the small molecule inhibitor CB-839 reduced cell growth and led to a decrease in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and an increase in the stress response pathway driven by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Finally, we found that GLS inhibition synergizes with mTOR inhibition, which introduces the possibility of a novel therapeutic strategy for TNBC. Our study revealed that GLS is essential for the survival of TNBC with a deregulated glutaminolysis pathway. The synergistic activity of GLS and mTOR inhibitors in TNBC cell lines suggests therapeutic potential of this combination for the treatment of vulnerable subpopulations of TNBC.
DDJ-Adaptive SAR TDC-Based Timing Recovery for Multilevel Signaling (2019)

This paper describes a low-latency and low-power bimodal non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM)-4 timing recovery circuit. This architecture reduces latency and power consumption by eliminating the need for data equalization in the timing recovery path in intersymbol interference (ISI)-limited channels. It directly equalizes data-dependent jitter (DDJ) by adaptively shifting the ISI-affected zero crossings. The implemented prototype in 65-nm CMOS supports both 10-Gb/s NRZ and 20-Gb/s PAM-4 while consuming only 23 mW. The clock and data recovery (CDR) achieves more than 20 MHz of peaking-free tracking bandwidth (BW) and adapts to optimized jitter tolerance for both PAM-4 and NRZ data eyes.
Design of a Space-Based HF Vector Sensor Antenna Array for the AERO-VISTA Mission (2022)

The Auroral Emissions Radio Observer (AERO) and Vector Interferometery Space Technology using AERO (VISTA) missions are small-satellite programs funded by NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) for Heliophysics. These missions will use identical spacecraft to observe radio emissions in Earth's ionosphere at low earth orbit. The primary instrument onboard each spacecraft is a Low Frequency (LF) to High Frequency (HF) radio receiver utilizing a vector sensor array antenna, which is comprised of 3 orthogonal dipole antennas and 3 orthogonal loop antennas. The vector sensor array provides both spatial and polarimetric resolution of radio sources, and these observations are expected to offer new insights into the complex dynamic processes of Earths ionosphere at high latitudes. This paper describes the design, modeling, and prototyping for the vector sensor antenna array. Simulation models and preliminary testing show that the design achieves good performance in a deployable nanosatellite form factor.
Designing Micromachined Accelerometers with Interferometric Detection (2006)

This paper explores designs for the implementation of high sensitivity accelerometers based on Fabry-Perot interferometers. Although such structures have the potential to achieve mug resolutions, design and implementation challenges can be limiting. This paper discusses the creation of such devices using two distinct proof mass and optical designs: one of a monolithic flexure with a thin film metallic reflector and another of an elastomeric flexure with a thin film multilayer dielectric reflector. Each device was fabricated, tested and characterized and conclusions about the advantages and disadvantages of the different design features are presented
Novel squalestatin derivatives arising from reactions at the allylic centre of the C1-side chain (1998)

Reaction of 2 with Ac2O–TMSOTf gives the triacetate 5, which on further reaction gives isomer 6, arising from an allylic rearrangement, whereas reaction of 2 with Et3SiH–TMSOTf gives tricycle 7 arising from addition of the C7-OH to the allylic centre. Attempted ionic reduction of triacetate 5 gives benzocycloheptene 8, arising from Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the phenyl ring by the allylic centre. Similar alkylation has been obtained with analogue 9, and with the trifluoromethanesulfonate ester of the allylic alcohol 13. Attempted ionic reduction of 17, lacking the allylic centre, gives 20 arising from ester hydrolysis at C4.
Gene therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: rescue of T-cell signaling and amelioration of colitis upon transplantation of retrovirally transduced hematopoietic stem cells in mice (2002)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immunodeficiency that is caused by mutations in the recently identified WASP gene. WASP plays an important role in T-cell receptor-mediated signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. In these studies we assessed the feasibility of using retroviral gene transfer into WASP-deficient hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to rescue the T-cell signaling defect that is characteristic of WAS. Upon transplantation of WASP-deficient (WKO) HSCs that have been transduced with WASP-expressing retroviruses, mature B and T cells developed in normal numbers. Most importantly, the defect in antigen receptor-induced proliferation was significantly improved in T cells. Moreover, the susceptibility of colitis by WKO HSCs was prevented or ameliorated in recipient bone marrow chimeras by retrovirus-mediated expression of WASP. A partial reversal of the T-cell signaling defect could also be achieved following transplantation of WASP-deficient HSCs expressing the WASP-homologous protein N-WASP. Furthermore, we have documented a selective advantage of WT over WKO cells in lymphoid tissue using competitive repopulation experiments and Southern blot analysis. Our results provide proof of principle that the WAS-associated T-cell signaling defects can be improved upon transplantation of retrovirally transduced HSCs without overt toxicity and may encourage clinical gene therapy trials.
Data from Low Levels of Circulating Estrogen Sensitize PTEN-Null Endometrial Tumors to PARP Inhibition <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Earlier &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; work demonstrated that PARP inhibition induces cell death in PTEN-null endometrial cancer cell lines, but the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; therapeutic efficacy of these agents against endometrial cancer remains unknown. Here, we test the efficacy of AZD2281 (olaparib), an oral PARP inhibitor, in the therapy of PTEN-null endometrial tumors in a preclinical endometrial cancer mouse model. Primary endometrial tumors were generated by epithelial loss of PTEN using an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; model. This model recapitulates epithelial-specific loss of PTEN seen in human tumors, and histologically resembles endometrioid carcinomas, the predominant subtype of human endometrial cancers. Olaparib was administered orally to tumor-bearing mice in two hormonal extremes: high or low estrogen. Olaparib treatment achieved a significant reduction in tumor size in a low estrogenic milieu. In striking contrast, no response to olaparib was seen in tumors exposed to high levels of estrogen. Two key observations were made when estrogen levels were dropped: (i) the serum concentration of olaparib was significantly increased, resulting in sustained PARP inhibition at the tumor bed; and (ii) the homologous recombination pathway was compromised, as evidenced by decreased Rad51 protein expression and function. These two mechanisms may account for the sensitization of PTEN-null tumors to olaparib with estrogen deprivation. Results of this preclinical trial suggest that orally administered PARP inhibitors in a low estrogenic hormonal milieu can effectively target PTEN-null endometrial tumors. Extension of this work to clinical trials could personalize the therapy of women afflicted with advanced endometrial cancer using well-tolerated orally administered therapeutic agents. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 12(12); 2917–28. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Abstract 122: Activation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Enhances Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression via Promoter Antioxidant Response Element in Preglomerular Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (PGVSMCs) (2015)

Nrf2 is a key cytoprotective transcription factor driving many antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes expression via binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in promoters of targeting genes. However, it was reported that Nrf2 also increased expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative genes IL-6 and NOX4 through the same mechanism. We detected 2 putative ARE consensus sequences within 1500 nucleotides (nts) located in the genomic region upstream of the transcription start site in rat cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of Nrf2-dependent AREs upregulates COX2 expression in rat PGVSMCs. Incubation of the cells for 24 hours with Nrf2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), did not significantly alter Nrf2 expression but dose-dependently increased COX2 gene and protein in a dose response manner (5-20μM). Twenty μM of tBHQ treatment enhanced expression of COX2 gene and protein by 10.7±2.2 and 9.2±3.4 fold (both p&lt;0.01, N=3), COX2 activity (from COX2-based product of fluorescent resorufin) by 229.9±28.8% (p&lt;0.005, N=6) but reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the cells (from oxidized dihydroethidium-based fluorescent intensity) were reduced by 35.1±10.2% (p&lt;0.01, N=4). tBHQ also significantly promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation by 86±7.4% (p&lt;0.05, N=3) and potentiated Nrf2 activity by 387.5±19.2% (p&lt;0.005, N=4) determined with cell fraction immunoblotting and Nrf2-ARE binding-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nrf2 expression was dramatically knocked down with markedly decreased COX2 expression and activity in the cells transfected with Nrf2 specific siRNA and treated with tBHQ compared to those transfected with the scramble control siRNA and treated with tBHQ. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP)-based PCR analysis revealed an enhanced recruitment of Nrf2 to the endogenous COX2 promoter spanning the ARE (-417 to -426 nts) after 24 hour-tBHQ treatment but knockdown of Nrf2 gene with siRNA significantly diminished the tBHQ-mediated role, suggesting that there is a functional ARE located in COX2 promoter. In conclusion, these results show a novel role of Nrf2 in inducing COX2 expression through binding to promoter ARE in the absence of increased ROS in rat PGVSMCs.
Heterotypic Dengue Infection with Live Attenuated Monotypic Dengue Virus Vaccines: Implications for Vaccination of Populations in Areas Where Dengue Is Endemic (2010)

Enhanced replication of these live attenuated Dengue virus vaccines was minimal in heterotypically immune vaccinees and suggests that the further evaluation of these candidate vaccines in populations with preexisting DENV immunity can proceed safely.
Combined Treatment with Acalabrutinib and Rapamycin Inhibits Glioma Stem Cells and Promotes Vascular Normalization by Downregulating BTK/mTOR/VEGF Signaling (2021)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median duration of survival of approximately 14 months after diagnosis. High resistance to chemotherapy remains a major problem. Previously, BTK has been shown to be involved in the intracellular signal transduction including Akt/mTOR signaling and be critical for tumorigenesis. Thus, we aim to evaluate the effect of BTK and mTOR inhibition in GBM. We evaluated the viability of GBM cell lines after treatment with acalabrutinib and/or rapamycin through a SRB staining assay. We then evaluated the effect of both drugs on GBM stem cell-like phenotypes through various in vitro assay. Furthermore, we incubated HUVEC cells with tumorsphere conditioned media and observed their angiogenesis potential, with or without treatment. Finally, we conducted an in vivo study to confirm our in vitro findings and analyzed the effect of this combination on xenograft mice models. Drug combination assay demonstrated a synergistic relationship between acalabrutinib and rapamycin. CSCs phenotypes, including tumorsphere and colony formation with the associated expression of markers of pluripotency are inhibited by either acalabrutinib or rapamycin singly and these effects are enhanced upon combining acalabrutinib and rapamycin. We showed that the angiogenesis capabilities of HUVEC cells are significantly reduced after treatment with acalabrutinib and/or rapamycin. Xenograft tumors treated with both drugs showed significant volume reduction with minimal toxicity. Samples taken from the combined treatment group demonstrated an increased Desmin/CD31 and col IV/vessel ratio, suggesting an increased rate of vascular normalization. Our results demonstrate that BTK-mTOR inhibition disrupts the population of GBM-CSCs and contributes to normalizing GBM vascularization and thus, may serve as a basis for developing therapeutic strategies for chemoresistant/radioresistant GBM.
Correlation between the detection of specific mouse mammary tumor proviral sequences and the presence of pulmonary metastases in mice bearing spontaneous mammary tumors. (1980)

Pulmonary metastases in C3H/He mice bearing spontaneous mammary tumors were detected and characterized by histological criteria and immunocytochemical staining for mouse mammary tumor virus antigens. The same lungs containing metastases were also positive when assayed for a specific subset of mouse mammary tumor virus proviral DNA sequences. These sequences, termed tumor-associated sequences, have previously been shown to be present in the DNA of spontaneous mammary tumors that arise before 1 yr of age in C3H/He mice but are absent in DNA's of apparently normal tissues of C3H/He mice. Reconstruction experiments demonstrated that the nucleic acid hybridization method will detect at least one mammary tumor cell/250 cells. While DNA from 13 lungs of apparently normal C3H/He mice did not contain sequences homologous to mouse mammary tumor virus tumor-associated-sequence RNA, DNA from lungs of 9 of 12 C3H/He mice bearing spontaneous mammary tumors did contain these sequences. Since the entire DNA content of the lung can be assayed as one sample, the hybridization method minimizes false negatives resulting from histological analysis of random biopsy sampling. The hybridization procedure described here thus represents a sensitive and quantitative element as an adjunct for the detection of micrometastatic lesions in mice bearing viral-mediated spontaneous mammary carcinomas.
Merging traffic to save energy in the enterprise (2011)

In typical enterprise networks, a large fraction of ports see utilization of less than 5% at peak times and close to zero utilization otherwise. Therefore, the normal architecture of one switch port per end-host is very wasteful because of the need for high port density switches to support numerous end users. In this paper we propose merging traffic from multiple end-hosts and feeding that to small port density switches that can replace the high port density switches. The energy savings from such a redesign are significant. The innovative part of this paper is the design of a low-power Merge network that is used to merge traffic from N incoming links to be fed to K switch ports and for sending traffic from the K-port switch to N links. Further, we present algorithms to enable network designers to re-architect their networks using the merge network, and a feasibility study using our College of Engineering network as a working example to illustrate how this approach would work and the resultant energy savings of almost 47%.