gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of dark current and photocurrent in superlattice infrared photodetectors (2001)

The characteristics of a superlattice infrared photodetector, which has a 20-period GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice embedded between two AlGaAs current blocking layers are investigated. We propose a model to explain the conduction of dark current and photocurrent. In particular, the interesting feature of this detector, which can also be explained by our model, is bias redistribution due to the background photocurrent. With the background radiation incident upon the detector, the blocking layers are tilted up for 126meV at zero bias. The electrons are all confined by the tilt-up blocking layers and cannot tunnel through them. As the external bias increases, 70 percent of the voltage is added on the rear blocking layer and attempts to decrease its barrier height. Especially at -0.18V, the barrier is flat and the barrier height is 16.5meV higher than the bottom of the second miniband. In this case, only those photoelectrons with high enough energy can pass the blocking layer. As the external bias increases up to -0.33V, the rear blocking layer is tilted down for 105meV. The blocking layer seems to be transparent to all photoelectrons to tunnel through. In addition, the photo responsivity due to the short wavelength excitation indicates that the photoelectrons do have the inelastic relaxation of the energy along the growth direction.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Genome-Wide Association Study of Genetic Predictors of Overall Survival for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in Never Smokers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 587K, Manhattan Plot.&lt;/p&gt;
Municipal incinerator as source of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in environment (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMunicipal incinerator as source of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in environmentIan W. Davies, Roy M. Harrison, Roger. Perry, Don. Ratnayaka, and Roger A. WellingsCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1976, 10, 5, 451–453Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60116a009https://doi.org/10.1021/es60116a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimum Design for Dynamic Characteristics of Vacuum Circuit Breaker. (1996)

We present a technique for modeling dynamic characteristics of a vacuum circuit breaker. In the first part of this paper, the structural dynamics and vibration characteristics of a vacuum circuit breaker are experimentally examined. From these results, a structural dynamic model of tripping is formulated with consideration of the impact phenomenon. The results of the numerical simulation using the initial design variables are compared with experimental results. The effect of design variables such as speed and overshoot of a moving contact for tripping are discussed. Finally a guiding principle to determine the design variables is proposed to optimize the dynamic characteristics of a vacuum circuit breaker.
Assuming termination (2009)

A requirement for the admission of a recursive function definition in ACL2 is a proof that the recursion terminates. Establishing termination involves identifying a well-founded relation and an appropriate measure function that decreases according to the well-founded relation with each recursive call. Depending on the domain this process may prove difficult, unnecessary or even impossible. Manolios and Moore introduced a method for admitting tail-recursive function definitions that does not require the specification of a measure. Their method, however, does not produce an induction scheme. We present an extension of their method that enables the admission of arbitrary recursive function definitions and their associated induction schemes augmented with a termination check and justified by a partial measure. We demonstrate the use of this method by defining the tarai function and proving by induction its unwinding under the assumption that it terminates.
Fluid Behavior Under Microgravity Conditions Within Plant Nutrient Delivery Systems: Parabolic Flight Investigations (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;We report here on a series of KC-135 parabolic flight studies investigating various aspects of water distribution in plant nutrient delivery systems being developed for spaceflight applications. Several types of porous tubes were evaluated. Under microgravity conditions, fluid was observed to creep up the end walls of polycarbonate substrate compartments. Capillary mats wrapped around the porous tubes wetted up in a uniform fashion regardless of the level of gravity to which they were being exposed, and they were found to eliminate the end-wall creep wetting-up pattern. Results from observations using 1-2 mm glass beads and 1-2 mm Turface substrates are presented. The Turface’s absorption of water effectively minimized fluid redistribution as the compartment alternated between microgravity and 1-1.8g conditions.&lt;/div&gt;
Improving the interpretability of deep neural networks with stimulated learning (2015)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated improvements in acoustic modelling for automatic speech recognition. However, they are often used as a black box, and not much is understood about what each of the hidden layers does. We seek to understand how the activations in the hidden layers change with different input, and how we can leverage such knowledge to modify the behaviour of the model. To this end, we propose stimulated deep learning where stimuli are introduced during the DNN training process to influence the behaviour of the hidden units. Specifically, constraints are applied so that the hidden units of each layer will exhibit phone-dependent regional activities when arranged in a 2-dimensional grid. We demonstrate that such constraints are able to yield visible activation regions without compromising the classification of the network and suppressing the activations for a region affects the classification accuracy of the corresponding phone more than the others.
The total synthesis of (±)-gelsemine (1994)

N. J. Newcombe, F. Ya, R. J. Vijn, H. Hiemstra and W. N. Speckamp, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 767 DOI: 10.1039/C39940000767
Ultra-Thin Wall (UTW) Substrate Thermal Shock Durability Study (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Thermal shock performance parameters to assure Ultra Thin Wall (UTW) substrate durability for close-coupled (CC) converter operating conditions have been defined through testing and FEM modeling. Propane burner tests simulating the engine exhaust conditions were performed and coordinated with FEM stress analysis. For the stress analysis, a newly developed Macro-Micro Thermal Stress Analysis method was employed. Validation of the Macro-Micro Thermal Stress Analysis method was made through comparing FEM analysis results with the electric furnace and the burner tests results.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A thermal fatigue life prediction method taking into account variation in material strength, fatigue degradation and effective volume was developed. In the verification tests, crack generation stresses were predicted within a 20 % margin of error.&lt;/div&gt;
S2DNet: Learning Accurate Correspondences for Sparse-to-Dense Feature Matching (2020)

Establishing robust and accurate correspondences is a fundamental backbone to many computer vision algorithms. While recent learning-based feature matching methods have shown promising results in providing robust correspondences under challenging conditions, they are often limited in terms of precision. In this paper, we introduce S2DNet, a novel feature matching pipeline, designed and trained to efficiently establish both robust and accurate correspondences. By leveraging a sparse-to-dense matching paradigm, we cast the correspondence learning problem as a supervised classification task to learn to output highly peaked correspondence maps. We show that S2DNet achieves state-of-the-art results on the HPatches benchmark, as well as on several long-term visual localization datasets.
Retarding cement hydration by increasing temperature (2018)

Trabajo presentado a la 12th International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete, celebrada en Bejing (China) del 28 al 31 de octubre de 2018.
Linear stochastic systems coupled with memoryless nonlinearities (1979)

Our motivation to study this class of systems comes from a basic need to develop analytical methods to analyze and evaluate radar systems' performance in a realistic environment and in particular with distributed targets. We need, therefore, simple probabilistic models for the various "noise" processes that influence radar behavior in such an environment (e.g. amplitude scintillation, angle noise, sea clutter and sea multipath effects). In our previous work we have succeeded in developing such models that match very well experimental evidence concerning the statistics of such noise processes. The models developed consist of linear stochastic systems coupled with smooth memoryless nonlinearities. In this paper we report our current efforts to study such systems by analyzing the functional expansion that expresses the input-output behavior. In particular, we establish conditions for the statistical validity of a finite functional expansion and techniques for obtaining directly the required kernels from experimental data. We also discuss applications to some radar related detection problems. Finally, we indicate how these results can be extended to more general classes of systems than the ones we have considered to date.
Corrosion resistance of inconel 690 to borax, boric acid, and boron nitride at 1100{degrees}C (1996)

Significant general and localized corrosion was observed on Inconel 690 coupons following exposure to borax, boric acid and boron nitride at 1100{degrees}C. Severe localized attack at and below the melt line was observed on coupons exposed to borax. An intergranular attack at and below the melt line was observed on coupons exposed to borax. An intergranular attack (IGA) of the Inconel 690 was also observed. Severe internal void formation and IGA (30 mils penetration after 3 days) was observed in the coupon exposed to boric acid. Both borax and boric acid remove the protective chromium oxide; however, this layer can be reestablished by heating the Inconel 690 to 975 {degrees}C in air for several hours. Inconel 690 in direct contact with boron nitride resulted in the formation of a thick chromium borate layer, a general corrosion rate of 50 to 90 mils per year, and internal void formation of 1 mil per day.
Monitoring photoresist dissolution in supercritical carbon dioxide using a quartz crystal microbalance (2006)

New lithographic techniques are being implemented to help further reduce feature sizes in microelectronics. A technique for the development of standard commercial extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresists in a carbon dioxide compatible salt (CCS) and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) solution is being investigated to reduce line edge roughness and image collapse of high aspect ratio features.<sup>1,2</sup> To understand the kinetics and overall mechanism of photoresist dissolution into the high pressure CCS/scCO<sub>2</sub> solution, we use a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). QCM measures the frequency changes of the quartz crystal when mass loadings, temperature, pressure, and solution viscosity change. In the last decade, QCM has been used to monitor dissolution of photoresist materials in liquid solutions in real time.<sup>3</sup> The technique has been adapted to high pressure systems, with corrections for pressure and solution viscosity effects.<sup>4</sup> In this paper, QCM was used in high pressure scCO<sub>2</sub> conditions to monitor the dissolution kinetics of the photoresist using the CCS/scCO<sub>2</sub> solution. The frequency changes of the quartz crystal were recorded and corrected for both pressure and solution viscosity to estimate the mass removed as a function of time. The initial photoresist dissolution rates in the CCS/scCO<sub>2</sub> solution at temperatures between 35°C and 50°C and pressures ranging from 3500 psi to 5000 psi are reported. The plots of photoresist removal with time are linear signifying a zero order overall removal rate. The activation energy for photoresist removal at a CO<sub>2</sub> density of 0.896 g/ml is 76 mJ/mol.
DO-GPU: Domain Optimizable Soft GPUs (2021)

”Soft” GPUs are overlays that implement GPGPU-like data parallel processor architectures in FPGA logic to make FPGAs as software-programmable as ”hard” GPGPUs. Unlike hard GPUs, soft GPU architectures can be specialized to further improve efficiency by leveraging FPGA’s flexibility. Prior work has shown the software programmability potential for soft GPUs but only studied general-purpose soft GPUs with minor specializations (e.g., FPGU, FlexGrip, MIAOW, and SCRATCH) or only domain-optimized for a particular application domain (e.g., PDL-FGPU for the persistent deep learning domain.) This paper proposes a soft GPU development framework to automate the creation of soft GPU instances with aggressive application-domain optimizations (i.e., domain-optimized GPUs, or DOGPUs) that consists of a baseline general soft GPU architecture ”template” with an improved architecture over prior general purpose soft GPUs, along with a customizable partition that enables a custom datapath (macro unit) to be inserted to optimize for a target application domain. Unlike the prior PDL-FGPU which targets the persistent deep learning domain, the proposed framework can be used to target optimization for any application domain. Our evaluation on a set of data parallel workloads shows that (i) the proposed general soft GPU architecture offers average speedup of 1.8x versus the best prior soft GPUs we know of (i.e., FGPU, PDL-FGPU), (ii) DO-GPUs with domain-optimizations provide an average of 218x speedup over general soft GPUs, (iii) the proposed framework enabled building six new domain-optimized soft GPU instances in a matter of days, and (iv) enables quick GPU-like development effort (hours), where code is concise (low 100s of lines) and can be compiled in seconds without FPGA EDA tools in the loop, assuming an appropriate soft DO-GPU bitstream for the application domain is already built.
Observation of Ferrimagnetic Domain Walls in CoFe2O4 With A High Voltage T.E.M. (1973)

Cobalt ferrites are ferrimagnetic oxides of the spinel type, exhibiting magnetic ordering along &lt;100&gt;. Ferrimagnetic domain walls have been observed in this ceramic material with the specimens in the regular position. Even though the field of the objective lens is quite high ∼7 k gauss) domain walls may be observed if the specimens are symmetrically oriented with respect to the field direction of the objective lens, so that adjacent domains have approximately equal energy. Ill are such orientations for cobalt ferrites. Under these conditions, only ╥/2 domain walls are expected. Such ╥/2 ferrimagnetic domain walls are shown in Fig. 1. Since magnetostriction accompanies magnetic ordering, the domain wall boundaries are also coherent twin boundaries which can be imaged with the specimen in focus.
Advanced Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Noninvasive Assessment with MR Elastography (2013)

MR elastography is a useful diagnostic tool for detecting advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. Of the laboratory-based methods, the NAFLD fibrosis and FIB-4 scores can most reliably detect advanced fibrosis.
How active are young cardiac device patients? Objective assessment of activity in children with cardiac devices (2017)

These results provide the first baseline data of physical activity in children with implanted cardiac devices and provide a clinical guide to physical activity assessment in this population. Further, our data suggest physical activity in children with implantable cardiac devices may differ based on demographic variables, device type, device location, indication for implantation, and history of ICD shock.
Ethernet-based public communication services: challenge and opportunity (2004)

Enterprises and residential customers increasingly take advantage of more sophisticated applications and evolve their business models. At the same time service providers face declining revenues from existing connectivity services. SPs respond to these trends and start to offer highly customized, high-bandwidth network services that complement and interwork with their existing leased line, ATM, or frame relay offerings. Ethernet is quickly becoming the customer UNI of choice. Ethernet, being a packet-based technology, complements IP-based services such as content, voice, data, video, and additional value-added services over a high-speed access connection. Ethernet also provides a flexible high-speed connection to the SP network and eliminates access bottlenecks. Using Ethernet as the common access interface, providers can employ flexible transport services that enable additional value-added services at layer 3 and above. At the same time the rollout of Ethernet services also challenges the installed base, given that bandwidth per customer is usually much higher and additional attributes for tight SLAs apply. This calls for an updated approach to network deployment and rollout: networks need to be planned and built in a service-centric fashion. Starting with a brief look at the driving forces for Ethernet-based public communication services, this article identifies five generic services for Ethernet MANs/WANs and discusses related deployment issues of the different service options, such as the degree of customization, geographic reach and bandwidth profile of the service, as well as evolution aspects of the installed base.
Variable Content of Histaminase, L-Dopa Decarboxylase and Calcitonin in Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung (1978)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Variable Content of Histaminase, L-Dopa Decarboxylase and Calcitonin in Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung — Biologic and Clinical Implications
Effect of electron beam irradiation on (waste tire dust)‐filled ethylene vinyl acetate in the presence of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (2015)

The effect of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and electron beam (EB) irradiation on the properties of waste tire dust (WTD) ‐filled ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) has been studied. The EVA/WTD ratio was fixed to 80:20, whereas the BADGE concentration varied from 1 to 5 wt%. The samples were then irradiated using a 3.0‐MeV EB machine at 50 kGy to 200 kGy at increments of 50 kGy. All the samples were subjected to various mechanical, physical, and thermal tests. Prior to irradiation, the mechanical properties of the composites show a gradual decrease with increasing BADGE concentration. Such observation is attributed to the plasticizing effect of the BADGE, as indicated by the reduction in mixing torque and a 14% increase in the elongation at break with the addition of 5 wt% BADGE. Results of gel fraction indicated that BADGE did not accelerate the irradiation‐induced crosslinking of EVA/WTD composites. The scanning electron micrographs and tan δ curves of EVA/WTD composites showed evidence that the addition of BADGE and EB irradiation of the EVA/WTD improves the compatibility of the composite. The overall results revealed that the irradiated EVA/WTD composite without BADGE gives a better enhancement in mechanical properties compared with the composites incorporated with the BADGE. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:172–180, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Emotional experience and perception in the absence of facial feedback (2002)

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions are either necessary or sufficient to produce emotional experience. Researchers have noted that the ideal test of the necessity aspect of this hypothesis would be an evaluation of emotional experience in a patient suffering from a bilateral facial paralysis; however, this condition is rare and no such report has been documented. We examined the role of facial expressions in the determination of emotion by studying a patient (F.P.) suffering from a bilateral facial paralysis. Despite her inability to convey emotions through facial expressions, F.P. reported normal emotional experience. When F.P. viewed emotionally evocative slides her reactions were not dampened relative to the normative sample. F.P. retained her ability to detect, discriminate, and image emotional expressions. These findings are not consistent with theories stating that feedback from an active face is necessary to experience emotion, or to process emotional facial expressions. (JINS, 2002, 8, 130–135.)
Band Alignment in WSe2–Graphene Heterostructures (2015)

Using different types of WSe2 and graphene-based heterostructures, we experimentally determine the offset between the graphene neutrality point and the WSe2 conduction and valence band edges, as well as the WSe2 dielectric constant along the c-axis. In a first heterostructure, consisting of WSe2-on-graphene, we use the WSe2 layer as the top dielectric in dual-gated graphene field-effect transistors to determine the WSe2 capacitance as a function of thickness, and the WSe2 dielectric constant along the c-axis. In a second heterostructure consisting of graphene-on-WSe2, the lateral electron transport shows ambipolar behavior characteristic of graphene combined with a conductivity saturation at sufficiently high positive (negative) gate bias, associated with carrier population of the conduction (valence) band in WSe2. By combining the experimental results from both heterostructures, we determine the band offset between the graphene charge neutrality point, and the WSe2 conduction and valence band edges.