gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acrylate dimerisation under ionic liquid–supercritical carbon dioxide conditionsThis work was presented at the Green Solvents for Catalysis Meeting held in Bruchsal, Germany, 13–16th October 2002 (2003)

Ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and supercritical CO2 have been used for the biphasic palladium-catalysed dimerisation of methyl acrylate. Substrate and product distribution between the two phases and extraction capability of scCO2 are evaluated. The effect of the biphasic medium on the catalyst performance is also addressed. The selectivity for the tail-to-tail dimers is >98%, as high as under monophasic conditions. The same trend stands for turnover number and frequency although there is a lower substrate to palladium ratio in the IL phase. The CO2-rich phase acts as a substrate and product reservoir, a suitable case for studying the reaction under continuous feed and extraction regime.
Automatic alarm correlation for fault identification (2002)

In communication networks, a large number of alarms exist to signal any abnormal behavior of the network. As network faults typically result in a number of alarms, correlating these different alarms and identifying their source is a major problem in fault management. The alarm correlation problem is of major practical significance. Alarms that have not been correlated may not only lead to significant misdirected efforts, based on insufficient information, but may cause multiple corrective actions (possibly contradictory) as each alert is handled independently. The paper proposes a general framework to solve the alarm correlation problem. The authors introduce a new model for faults and alarms based on probabilistic finite state machines. They propose two algorithms. The first one acquires the fault models starting from possibly incomplete and incorrect date. The second one correlates alarms in the presence of multiple faults and noisy information. Both algorithms have polynomial time complexity, use an extension of the Viterbi algorithm to deal with the corrupted data, and can be implemented in hardware. As an example, they are applied to analyse faults using data generated by the ANS (Advanced Network and Services, Inc.)/NSF T3 network.
Second‐Harmonic and Terahertz Generation in a Prussian‐Blue Analogue (2017)

Second‐harmonic and terahertz generation is performed in the Rb 0.94 Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] 0.98 · 0.3H 2 O Prussian‐blue analogue. Second‐harmonic generation experiments are carried out between 1100 and 1700 nm and within the hysteresis loop of this compound. In the low‐ and high‐temperature phases, our measurements indicate that the effective second‐order nonlinear component χ (2) of this material is small, compared with α‐quartz. However, in the high‐temperature phase and close to 1100 nm, its χ (2) is enhanced by more than one order of magnitude. Terahertz generation indicates that in this frequency range, the effective χ (2) of this compound is high and comparable with that of ZnTe. Finally, we demonstrate that within the thermal hysteresis loop of this Prussian‐blue analogue, one can modulate the χ (2) by photoswitching it from the low‐temperature to the high‐temperature phase.
CCDC 837942: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2012)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Retrograde Endopyelotomy: A Comparative Study of Hot-Wire Balloon and Ureteroscopic Laser (2006)

These two alternatives for retrograde endopyelotomy provide comparable success rates for similarly selected patients. However, because significant hemorrhagic complications developed with greater frequency in those treated with the hot-wire balloon, our preference is for a ureteroscopic approach, as it allows direct visual control of the incision and thus, a lower risk of significant bleeding.
Targeting and Intracellular Delivery of Drugs (2006)

Effective targeting of drugs (particularly macromolecular therapeutics such as proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides) to diseased cells, and moreover to the precise intracellular compartment where they are required has proved difficult to achieve. While the last decade has seen a number of drug delivery systems incorporating low molecular weight drugs and proteins enter routine clinical use, inadequate delivery is the single most important factor limiting our ability to utilize molecular medicines to their full potential. The body has evolved a number of very efficient biological barriers to protect itself from the harmful effects of pathogens (bacteria, viruses) and foreign materials such as proteins. These include environmental interfaces such as the gastrointestinal tract and the skin, internal cellular barriers such as the endothelial lining of blood vessels (particularly the tight blood–brain barrier), immune surveillance, and not least the cell membrane and inherent compartmentation of intracellular organelles. The current challenge is to design innovative devices and technologies (including nanomedicines) that will help guide the therapeutic to its correct location of action (drug targeting) and ensure that pharmacological activity is maintained for an adequate duration (controlled release).
2C-Methyl-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone monohydrate (2005)

The title compound, C 6 H 10 O 5 H 2 O, formed by the hydrolysis of a -lactone, is shown unequivocally to be a -lactone. The diol has a trans conguration.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Spindle System for Centerless Grinding Machine (2005)

Primary flexor tendon repair is still challenging even in the most experienced hands. With atraumatic surgery, the goal is to suture the tendon in a way that it will be strong enough to allow for tendon gliding without the risk of rupture or adhesions during the 12 weeks needed for the tendon to heal. After reviewing the zone 2 anatomy, the authors describe the state of art for flexor tendon repair along with their personal preferences. Although suture methods and postoperative rehabilitation programs are not universal, most specialized teams now use multistrand suturing techniques with at least 4 stands along with protected and controlled early active mobilization. Although the published rates of failure of the repair or postoperative adhesions with stiffness have decreased, these complications are still a concern. They will continue to pose a challenge for scientists performing research into the mechanics and biology of flexor tendon repairs, especially in zone 2.
A comparison of interferometric SAR antenna options (2013)

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR or InSAR) uses multiple antenna phase centers to ultimately measure target scene elevation. Its ability to do so depends on the antenna configuration, and how the multiple phase centers are employed. We examine several different dual-phase-center antenna configurations and modalities, including a conventional arrangement where a dedicated antenna is used to transmit and receive with another to receive only, a configuration where transmit and receive operations are ping-ponged between phase centers, a monopulse configuration, and an orthogonal waveform configuration. Our figure of merit is the RMS height noise in the elevation estimation. We show that a monopulse configuration is equivalent to the ping-pong scheme, and both offer an advantage over the conventional arrangement. The orthogonal waveform offers the best potential performance, if sufficient isolation can be achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Carboethoxysulfenyl Chloride for Disulfide Bond Formation. (1986)

Abstract Das in bekannter Weise aus ChIorcarbonylsulfenylchlorid (I) und Ethanol (II) zugängliche Carbethoxysulfenylchlorid (III) läßt sich bei Mercaptogruppen enthaltenden Aminosäuren neben den klassischen Methoden der intramolekularen Disul?dbildung wie Luftoxidation verwenden.
3D rendering methods for visualization of clusters of calcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis: a feasibility study (2011)

Poster: ECR 2011 / C-2329 / 3D rendering methods for visualization of clusters of calcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis: a feasibility study by: A. Jerebko 1, K. Engel1, C. Hofmann1, T. Mertelmeier1, N. Uchiyama2, C. Van Ongeval3, A. Van Steen3, S. Zackrisson4, I. Andersson4; 1Erlangen/DE, 2Tokyo/JP, 3Leuven/BE, 4Malmo/SE
Overview of the Premarketing and Postmarketing Requirements for Drugs Granted Japanese Conditional Marketing Approval (2020)

For drugs that are intended to fill unmet medical needs, such as the treatment of rare diseases or a subtype of cancer, it can take a long time to conduct confirmatory clinical trials due to limited patient availability. Delayed access to these drugs increases the risk of mortality of patients with these diseases. To address this issue, the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan has decided to implement the Conditional Early Approval System with issuing the Ministry Notification in 2017. Drugs eligible for conditional early approval are those that are indicated for the treatment of a serious disease, have proven safety and efficacy, and cannot be examined easily by confirmatory clinical trials. When the benefit of immediate availability outweighs the risk of having less comprehensive data with which to confirm the clinical benefit of a product in the premarketing phase, products can be approved under the Conditional Early Approval System, accompanied by postmarketing regulatory requirements to manage postmarketing risks and, if needed, conduct postmarketing confirmatory clinical studies. Overview of the pre-approval and post-approval regulatory considerations will promote to more efficiently develop pharmaceutical products that fill unmet medical needs, leading to the prompt delivery of safe and effective drugs to patients who often have few therapeutic options available. As of March 2020, four drugs had been approved under the Conditional Early Approval System. In this review, we describe the premarketing and postmarketing requirements of these drugs and discuss the regulatory landscape around the Conditional Early Approval System.
Sequence Variants in Kynurenine Aminotransferase II (KAT II) Orthologs Determine Different Potencies of the Inhibitor S‐ESBA (2008)

We report a novel and more efficient synthesis of S-ESBA and an analysis of it inhibitory activity toward recombinant human KAT II. The data are discussed in light of the crystal structure of human KAT II and on the basis of conserved and nonconserved residues of species-specific orthologs of KAT II (human, rat, and mouse).
Cell-Type-Dependent Regulation of mTORC1 by REDD1 and the Tumor Suppressors TSC1/TSC2 and LKB1 in Response to Hypoxia (2011)

mTORC1 is a critical regulator of cell growth that integrates multiple signals and is deregulated in cancer. We previously reported that mTORC1 regulation by hypoxia involves Redd1 and the Tsc1/Tsc2 complex. Here we show that Redd1 induction by hypoxia is tissue dependent and that hypoxia signals are relayed to mTORC1 through different pathways in a tissue-specific manner. In the liver, Redd1 induction is restricted to the centrilobular area, and in primary hepatocytes, mTORC1 inhibition by hypoxia is independent of Redd1. Furthermore, Tsc1/Tsc2 and Arnt (Hif-1β) are similarly dispensable. Hypoxia signaling in hepatocytes involves Lkb1, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and raptor. Differences in signal relay extend beyond hypoxia and involve AMPK signaling. AMPK activation (using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside [AICAR]) induces raptor phosphorylation and inhibits mTORC1 in both mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and hepatocytes, but whereas mTORC1 inhibition is Tsc1/Tsc2 dependent in MEFs, it is independent in hepatocytes. In liver cells, raptor phosphorylation is essential for both AMPK and hypoxia signaling. Thus, context-specific signals are required for raptor phosphorylation-induced mTORC1 inhibition. Our data illustrate a heretofore unappreciated topological complexity in mTORC1 regulation. Interestingly, topological differences in mTORC1 regulation by the tumor suppressor proteins Lkb1 and Tsc1/Tsc2 may underlie their tissue specificity of tumor suppressor action.
Characterization of the potential energy landscape of an antiplasticized polymer (2007)

The nature of the individual transitions on the potential energy landscape (PEL) associated with particle motion are directly examined for model fragile glass-forming polymer melts, and the results are compared to those of an antiplasticized polymer system. In previous work, we established that the addition of antiplasticizer reduces the fragility of glass formation so that the antiplasticized material is a stronger glass former. In the present work, we find that the antiplasticizing molecules reduce the energy barriers for relaxation compared to the pure polymer, implying that the antiplasticized system has smaller barriers to overcome in order to explore its configuration space. We examine the cooperativity of segmental motion in these bulk fluids and find that more extensive stringlike collective motion enables the system to overcome larger potential energy barriers, in qualitative agreement with both the Stillinger-Weber and Adam-Gibbs views of glass formation. Notably, the stringlike collective motion identified by our PEL analysis corresponds to incremental displacements that occur within larger-scale stringlike particle displacement processes associated with PEL metabasin transitions that mediate structural relaxation. These ``substrings'' nonetheless seem to exhibit changes in relative size with antiplasticization similar to those observed in ``superstrings'' that arise at elevated temperatures. We also study the effects of confinement on the energy barriers in each system. Film confinement makes the energy barriers substantially smaller in the pure polymer, while it has little effect on the energy barriers in the antiplasticized system. This observation is qualitatively consistent with our previous studies of stringlike motion in these fluids at higher temperatures and with recent experimental measurements by Torkelson and co-workers.
Aged garlic extract and allicin improve performance and gastrointestinal tract development of piglets reared in artificial sow. (2008)

This study was performed to investigate whether postnatal administration with aged garlic extract (AGE) and allicin influences performance and systemic development of piglets exposed to early weaning. Twenty-four male piglets were weaned from sows at the age of two days of life, divided into 4 weight-matched groups and kept under conditions of artificial sow for 6 days. The first group consisted of control animals, while piglets that were given AGE daily per os at the dosages of 1 ml and 2 ml/kg body weight, respectively belonged to the second and third group. The fourth group consisted of piglets administered orally with allicin at the dosage of 1.0 mg/kg body weight/day. At the age of 8 days of life all animals were sacrificed. Next to body weight gain and morphological properties of the gastrointestinal tract, the haematological examination was performed, and activity of lysozyme and ceruloplasmin as well as level of gamma-globulins were determined. The obtained results showed that AGE and allicin improved final body weight, morphological properties of intestine villi and non-specific defence mechanisms of pigs. All these results indicate that AGE and allicin induced beneficial effects on health status, performance and systemic development of piglets.
Enabling Resource-Aware Mapping of Spiking Neural Networks via Spatial Decomposition (2020)

With growing model complexity, mapping spiking neural network (SNN)-based applications to tile-based neuromorphic hardware is becoming increasingly challenging. This is because the synaptic storage resources on a tile, viz., a crossbar, can accommodate only a fixed number of presynaptic connections per postsynaptic neuron. For complex SNN models that have many presynaptic connections per neuron, some connections may need to be pruned after training to fit onto the tile resources, leading to a loss in the model quality, e.g., accuracy. In this letter, we propose a novel unrolling technique that decomposes a neuron function with many presynaptic connections into a sequence of homogeneous neural units, where each neural unit is a function computation node, with two presynaptic connections. This spatial decomposition technique significantly improves crossbar utilization and retains all presynaptic connections, resulting in no loss of the model quality derived from connection pruning. We integrate the proposed technique within an existing SNN mapping framework and evaluate it using machine learning applications on the DYNAP-SE state-of-the-art neuromorphic hardware. Our results demonstrate an average 60% lower crossbar requirement, 9× higher synapse utilization, 62% lower wasted energy on the hardware, and between 0.8% and 4.6% increase in the model quality.
Postoperative sore throat A comparison after premedication with papaveretum/hyoscine or temazepam (1990)

A randomised double-blind trial was conducted to study the use of two commonly used premedication regimens and the subsequent incidence of sore throat. Fifty adult patients who underwent routine surgery were anaesthetised in a standard fashion after premedication with papaveretum and scopolamine or temazepam, and interviewed after operation to assess the presence of sore throat. A significantly higher incidence of sore throat was associated with the use of papaveretum and scopolamine.
Generic models for interconnect delay across arbitrary wire-tree networks (2002)

New, generic and compact closed-form expressions for distributed wire-tree delay dependence on input ramp time, tree topology and wire geometries are reported. In agreement to within 5% of HSPICE simulations, these expressions permit rapid, accurate and early estimates of interconnect delay as well as variations in interconnect delay due to variations in interconnect process parameters across arbitrary distributed wire-tree networks.
Benzannulation of 3‐Substituted Pyrroles to Indoles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Alteration of the Heterocyclic Nucleus of ILV on Its Isoform Selectivity for PKC. Palladium‐Catalyzed Route to Benzofuran Analogues of ILV. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Corticosteroid Modulation and Stress-Induced Analgesia in Rats (1981)

Early evidence has indicated the presence and involvement of specific neural systems which can inhibit the responses to painful stimuli. More recently, further advances suggest that the opiate system may interact with other systems to modulate the analgesia produced by the opiates or various stressors. Since corticosteroids were found to be elevated under the conditions of different stress-induced analgesia (SIA), there may be interactions between the pain-inhibiting systems and the corticosteroids. Recently it was reported that acute stress or long-term adrenalectomy can result in release of beta-endorphin (beta E) and ACTH from the pituitary gland, which can be blocked by dexamethasone. In our early studies we have shown partial antagonism of the SIA by dexamethasone and complete antagonism after naloxone. In this report it was found that chronic treatment of the rats with 0.02% metyrapone in drinking water for 8 weeks resulted in minor hyperalgesia. The chronic pretreatment with metyrapone resulted in a significant potentiation of the analgesia induced via the cold swim stress model, which was reversed by 1 mg/kg (IP) naloxone. Also, hyperalgesia was noted 18 days after the bilateral adrenalectomy of the rats as measured in our laboratory by the hot plate method and as reported by Heybach and Vernikos-Danellis in 1978. These results suggest that the corticosteroid modulation (pituitary-adrenal axis) may have a role in regulating the SIA, and this may implicate the interactions of the corticosteroids with pain-inhibiting systems.
Fractured Reservoir Characterization using Azimuthal AVO (2003)

Ordinary least squares is used to investigate the ability to detect changes in physical properties using Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) information collected from seismic data. In order to characterize vertically aligned fractures within a reservoir, this method is extended to Azimuthal AVO (AVOA) analysis. Azimuthal AVO has the potential not only to detect fractured zones, but to spatially describe the fracture strike orientation and changes in fracture or fluid properties. Depending on the data acquisition geometry, signal-to-noise ratio, and extent of fracturing, AVOA analysis can be marginally successful. A study of the robustness and limitations of AVOA analysis is therefore first classified with synthetic data. These methods are then applied to seismic data collected during an Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) survey over a known fractured reservoir.
Non-Euclidean Cloaking for Light Waves (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Non-Euclidean geometry, combined with transformation optics, has recently led to the proposal of an invisibility cloak that avoids optical singularities and can, therefore, work, in principle, in a broadband of the spectrum [U. Leonhardt and T. Tyc, <emphasis emphasistype="italic">Science</emphasis>, vol. 323, pp. 110–112, 2009]. Such a cloak is perfect in the limit of geometrical optics, but not in wave optics. Here, we analyze, both analytically and numerically, full-wave propagation in non-Euclidean cloaking. We show that the cloaking device performs remarkably well even in a regime beyond geometrical optics where the device is comparable in size with the wavelength. In particular, the cloak is nearly perfect for a spectrum of frequencies that are related to spherical harmonics. We also show that for increasing wavenumber, the device works increasingly better, approaching perfect behavior in the limit of geometrical optics. </para>
Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis of Rabbit Ciliary Epithelium (1996)

Rabbit iris-ciliary bodies were preincubated in control and experimental Ringer's solutions before quick freezing, cryosectioning, dehydration and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. After preincubation in a baseline bicarbonate-free Cl- Ringer's solution, the ciliary epithelial intracellular Na+, K+ and Cl- concentrations were estimated to be 15 +/- 3, 162 +/- 14 and 46 +/- 5 mmol kg-1 intracellular water, respectively. The water and elemental Na, K, Cl and P contents were similar in the non-pigmented (NPE) and pigmented (PE) ciliary epithelial cells. As expected, inhibition of the Na,K-exchange pump by preincubation with ouabain markedly increased the intracellular Na content, and markedly reduced the intracellular K content, verifying the validity of the experimental analysis. The Cl- channels of the NPE cells likely play a critical role in determining the rate of aqueous humor formation. Therefore, we have examined the effects of altering Cl- transport on the intracellular composition in this initial microprobe study of the ciliary epithelium. As expected, exposure to bicarbonate increased the intracellular Cl and water contents. Replacement of external Cl- by NO3- was twice as effective as replacement by gluconate in leaching Cl- out of the intracellular compartment. An unexpected finding was that NO3- replacement of internal Cl- substantially increased the intracellular Na and decreased the intracellular K content, possibly by stabilizing the Na,K-pump in the E1P form and inhibiting enzyme activity.