gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of 1,2‐Dicarbonylethanes with Benzene. Ethylene Dication Electrophiles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Antibody Response to Fungal Melanin in Mice (1998)

Melanins are associated with virulence in several important human pathogens, but little is known about the immune response to this ubiquitous biologic compound. We hypothesized that melanin produced by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans was immunogenic. C. neoformans melanin was purified from melanized fungal cells and was used to immunize C57BL/6, BALB/c, and T cell-deficient (nude) BALB/c mice. The Ab response was evaluated by ELISA, immunofluorescence, and agglutination. The results demonstrate that melanin can be immunogenic, and the humoral immune response is T cell independent. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate 1) a sensitive ELISA for the measurement of Ab to melanin, 2) that mice mount an intense Ab response to fungal melanin that includes Abs of IgM and IgG isotypes, 3) that melanins from different sources have cross-reactive epitopes, and 4) melanin in the cell wall of melanized yeast cells reacts with Abs raised to L-dopa C. neoformans melanin. The biologic significance of Ab to melanin remains to be determined, but the development of Ab suggests that this amorphous insoluble polymer can stimulate the immune system. The serologic techniques described here may prove useful for the evaluation of Ab responses to melanin in a variety of diseases.
The influence of pituitary and gonadal hormones on serum levels of pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 (1983)

Hypophysectomy of female mice resulted in the disappearance of pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 (PAMP-1) from the circulation within a week. Maintenance of physiological levels of oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone, LH, FSH or prolactin was not sufficient to maintain a normal PAMP-1 level in the hypophysectomized animals. However, administration of oestrogen in large doses to adult male mice with undectatable levels of circulating PAMP-1 caused PAMP-1 to appear in the blood. Testosterone treatment of females inhibited the PAMP-1 synthesis.
Congenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation promotes survival of heart allografts in murine models of acute and chronic rejection (2023)

The ability to induce tolerance would be a major advance in the field of solid organ transplantation. Here, we investigated whether autologous (congenic) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) could promote tolerance to heart allografts in mice. In an acute rejection model, fully MHC-mismatched BALB/c hearts were heterotopically transplanted into C57BL/6 (CD45.2) mice. One week later, recipient mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with congenic B6 CD45.1 Lin-Sca1+ckit+ cells. Recipient mice received a 14-day course of rapamycin both to prevent rejection and to expand regulatory T cells (Tregs). Heart allografts in both untreated and rapamycin-treated recipients that did not undergo HSCT were rejected within 33 days (median survival time = 8 days for untreated recipients, median survival time = 32 days for rapamycin-treated recipients), whereas allografts in HSCT-treated recipients had a median survival time of 55 days (P < 0.001 vs. both untreated and rapamycin-treated recipients). Enhanced allograft survival following HSCT was associated with increased intragraft Foxp3+ Tregs, reduced intragraft B cells, and reduced serum donor-specific antibodies. In a chronic rejection model, Bm12 hearts were transplanted into C57BL/6 (CD45.2) mice, and congenic HSCT was performed two weeks following heart transplantation. HSCT led to enhanced survival of allografts (median survival time = 70 days vs. median survival time = 28 days in untreated recipients, P < 0.01). Increased allograft survival post-HSCT was associated with prevention of autoantibody development and absence of vasculopathy. These data support the concept that autologous HSCT can promote immune tolerance in the setting of allotransplantation. Further studies to optimize HSCT protocols should be performed before this procedure is adopted clinically.
Protection by a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody to pandemic Influenza requires selective Fc receptor engagement (P4216) (2013)

Abstract Neutralizing Abs against influenza viruses have traditionally been thought to provide protection by interfering with virus entry and/or fusion with host cells, events that rely solely on Ab variable region binding to viral spike proteins. However, the contributions of in vivo mechanisms conferred by Fc-Fc receptor (FcγR) interactions during protection by Ab remain unclear. We assessed the role of FcγRs during influenza virus neutralization in mice using mAbs directed to the HA antigen. We found that a broadly neutralizing mAb (bNAb) targeting the conserved stem region of HA confers protection to mice from lethal viral challenge, and required Fc-FcγR interactions for in vivo activity against both laboratory virus strains as well as the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. By contrast, a strain-specific mAb to the variable head domain of HA was equally protective both in the presence or absence of FcγR interactions. We then generated a chimeric human IgG1 Fc version of the anti-stem bNAb, modified to selectively enhance human activating FcγR engagement. We utilized FcγR-humanized mice, which express all human FcγRs on a genetic background lacking mouse FcγRs, to demonstrate augmented protection by the modified bNAb compared to wild type bNAb. Thus, Fc-FcγR interactions are required for bNAb-mediated protection and can be manipulated for optimal protection in vivo. These findings represent a general approach towards enhancing bNAb-mediated protection and warrant clinical investigation.
Intra prediction with 1D macroblock partitioning for image and video coding (2008)

The H.264/AVC1 standard of the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG), also known as MPEG-4 AVC, achieves significant compression gain compared to its predecessors. Not only Inter yet also Intra coding has been greatly improved. Today VCEG encourages coding efficiency improvements through the KTA (Key Technical Area) software,<sup>2</sup> a collection of tools that improves the H.264/AVC standard, to prepare the next generation video codec. The work proposed in this paper has been designed in this context. An Intra coding scheme is proposed. A macroblock is split in 1D partitions to reduce the distance between the pixel to encode and its predictors. Three scan orders for the partitions are available: a raster scan, a bidirectional scan and a hierarchical scan. Predictors adapted to the shape and characteristics of the 1D partitions are defined and finally a 1D-DCT is applied to the residual signal. Experimental results report an average bitrate savings of 8.6% compared to the H.264/AVC standard (up to 19% on a particular sequence).
High energy and low noise Ho:YLF regenerative amplifiers: a noise and stability analysis (2015)

The dynamics and stability of Ho:YLF regenerative amplifiers is studied experimentally and numerically, whereas operating conditions are analyzed with respect to energy fluctuations. We propose a low-noise laser design operating at a second stability point.
Binary optical switch and programmable optical logic gate based on the integration of GaAs/AlGaAs surface-emitting lasers and heterojunction phototransistors (1994)

Optical switches based on GaAs/AlGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and heterojunction phototransistors are combined monolithically into new switching configurations that perform optical logic and spatial routing in a dynamically programmable manner. Using simple voltage control, many different logic and routing configurations, including AND and OR gates with variable fan-out, can be implemented using the same hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prediction of Ki-67 expression of breast cancer with a multi-parametric model using MRI parameters from ultrafast DCE-MRI and DWI (2022)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prediction of Ki-67 expression of breast cancers using MRI parameters from ultrafast (UF) DCE-MRI, DWI, T2WI, and the lesion size. Breast MRI was performed with a 3T scanner using dedicated breast coils. UF DCE-MRI was obtained using Compressed Sensing-VIBE (prototype sequence). As a kinetic parameter of UF DCE-MRI, maximum slope (MS) was defined as percentage relative enhancement (%/s), and time to enhance (TTE) was defined as the time interval between the aorta and lesion enhancement. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was derived from DWI. Two radiologists measured each MR parameter, and inter-rater agreement was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were perfomed to predict low Ki-67 (<; 14%) and high Ki-67 (&ge; 14%) expression using MS, TTE, ADC, T2- signal intensity (SI), and lesion size. The significant parameters (p-values of &lt; 0.05) were selected for the prediction model, and the diagnostic performance of the model was evaluated using ROC curve analysis. A total of 191 invasive carcinomas defined as mass lesions were included (72 low Ki-67/ 119 high Ki-67 lesions). The inter-rater agreements of all parameters were excellent. After univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, ADC and lesion size remained significant parameters. Using these significant parameters, the multi-parametric prediction model yielded an AUC of 0.77 (95%CI of 0.70-0.84) (sensitivity 72.3%, specificity 76.4%, and PPV 83.5%, and NPV 62.5%). DWI parameter (ADC) may be more valuable than UF DCE-MRI parameters (MS, TTE) to predict high Ki-67 in mass-shaped invasive breast carcinoma.
Paramagnetic Defect Spin Centers in Porous SiOCH Film Investigated Using Electron Spin Resonance (2007)

On the basis of electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements, we observed a unique paramagnetic center (Tb center, g=2.003) in porous low-dielectric-constant (low-k) carbon-doped silicon oxide (SiOCH) film after annealing the film in vacuum. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra indicated that the number of Si–CH3 bonds in the SiOCH film decreased with increased Tb-center absorbance. Molecular calculations indicate that this paramagnetic center differs from an E' center and has a microstructure with carbon atoms in its backbond. A Tb center was also observed after annealing using ultraviolet (UV) light or an electron beam (EB), which both increase film leakage current.
Abstract 1797: Discovery of NVP-CGM097, a highly potent and optimized small molecule inhibitor of Mdm2 under evaluation in a Phase I clinical trial (2014)

Abstract Activation of p53 by blocking the p53-Mdm2 interaction using non-peptidic small-molecule inhibitors is being pursued as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. In the present study, we show the identification of NVP-CGM097, a novel, highly optimized, and selective inhibitor of the p53-Mdm2 interaction. NVP-CGM097 binds to human Mdm2 protein with a Ki value of 1.3 nM, activates p53 in human cells and induces robust p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human p53 wild-type tumor cells. Its activity and selectivity has been tested and confirmed across a large panel of cancer cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Importantly, NVP-CGM097 displays desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in animals together with excellent oral bioavailability, which triggers rapid and sustained activation of p53-dependent pharmacodynamic biomarkers resulting in tumor regression in multiple xenografted models of p53 wild-type human cancer. The validation and understanding of its mechanism of action, the overall favorable drug-like properties and the characterization of its on-target toxicological profile in preclinical species strongly supported the initiation of Phase I clinical trials with NVP-CGM097 in pre-selected patients with p53 wild-type tumors. Citation Format: Sebastien Jeay, Joerg Berghausen, Nicole Buschmann, Patrick Chène, Robert Cozens, Dirk Erdmann, Stéphane Ferretti, Pascal Furet, Tobias Gabriel, François Gessier, Diana Graus-Porta, Francesco Hofmann, Philipp Holzer, Moriko Ito, Edgar Jacoby, Michael Jensen, Joerg Kallen, Marc Lang, Joanna Lisztwan, Masato Murakami, Carole Pissot-Soldermann, Stephan Ruetz, Caroline Rynn, Dario Sterker, Stefan Stutz, Thérèse Valat, Marion Wiesmann, Keiichi Masuya. Discovery of NVP-CGM097, a highly potent and optimized small molecule inhibitor of Mdm2 under evaluation in a Phase I clinical trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1797. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1797
Modeling Investments in Seeds, Clonal Offspring, and Translocation in a Clonal Plant (1999)

Clonal plants that can switch facultatively between sexual and asexual reproduction may respond plastically to the environment. We constructed a dynamic state variable model to examine how the measure of fitness, ramet and genet mortality, and the assimilation rates of a parent and its clonal offspring influence behavioral investments in ramet growth, clonal offspring, seeds, and continued resource translocation to clonal offspring after establishment. The model leads to predictions that ramet and genet mortality rates and/or the fitness payoff from producing seeds must be high for seed production to capture a proportion of reproductive investments. If seed production occurs as a result of high ramet or genet mortality rates, then results indicate that it is better to produce seeds early in the season, regardless of ramet size. In contrast, if seed production is favored as a result of its large contribution to fitness, then it is predicted to depend on ramet size more than on time. While the total amount of biomass directed to reproduction is predicted to increase with a ramet’s own productivity, the proportion of this biomass invested clonally or sexually depends on the resource environment encountered by that ramet’s clonal offspring; more productive surroundings favor investment in clonal offspring that forage locally, reduce the risk of genet mortality, and increase the expectation for future seed production by the genet. The model we present also suggests that a higher rate of translocation to support clonal offspring benefits a genet when the parent and offspring ramets have contrasting productivities. In addition, the model also leads to the predictions that translocation is more advantageous when the currency of fitness selects for increases in ramet size more than ramet number and when the probability of mortality is correlated among ramets.
The role of PI3K-p110α in breast cancer (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

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The PI3K signaling pathway has been known to be up-regulated in many tumors via activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) or inactivation of PTEN. It was only realized recently that the PIK3CA gene encoding the catalytic subunit p110α, a member of the PI3K family, is mutated at high frequency in human cancers. Mutations in PIK3CA were found in 40% of breast tumors, making this the most commonly mutated gene in breast cancer. Mutations in PIK3CA cluster into two major “hot spots” located in the helical and kinase domains. To evaluate the oncogenic potential of these mutant forms of p110α and investigate their mechanism(s) of action, we have developed a transformation system utilizing telomerase immortalized primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). The study of kinases in HMECs demanded creation of a system devoid of interfering viral oncogenes. In the absence of viral oncogenes HMECs transformation is dependent on the activation of PI3K for growth in soft agar and as xenografts in mice. Interestingly, the kinase activities and transforming potencies of the two “hot spot” mutant alleles of p110α (E545K and H1047R) derived from human cancers are much higher than those of constitutively activated p110α by myristoylation (Myr-p110α). Unlike activating EGFR mutations, the activation of both E545K and H1047R is independent of growth factor stimulation. Thus HMEC cells transformed with activated PI3K-p110α are relatively insensitive to RTK inhibitors, including specific IGF-1R and EGFR inhibitors. Moreover, tumors derived from transformed HMEC cells expressing constitutively activated PI3K-p110α are highly vascularized particularly in the peripheral zone. We have also constructed a corresponding helical “hot spot” mutant allele in p110α that was roughly 10 fold less effective in activating Akt but still showed residual transforming ability. We have been able to analyze transcriptional profiles of our PI3K transformed HMEC to identify unique signatures of PIK3CA mutants in human breast tumor samples. Finally we have constructed a conditional knockout of the PIK3CA gene in mice to study the role of PI3K-p110α in breast development and breast cancer formation in vivo. Taken together, using our HMEC derived functional transformation system, we have demonstrated the oncogenic potential of tumor derived mutant alleles of PIK3CA in breast cancer formation and established a valuable model for preclinical studies of new specific inhibitors.
Supplementary Table 1 from PD-1 and Tim-3 Regulate the Expansion of Tumor Antigen–Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Induced by Melanoma Vaccines (2023)

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Choroidal imaging in patients with Cushing syndrome (2020)

Patients with Cushing syndrome have a higher prevalence of PDS. An ophthalmologic specialized follow-up of these patients with EDI-OCT could detect chorioretinal abnormalities and adapt the surveillance of these patients.
A Highly Active and Negatively Charged Streptococcus pyogenes Lysin with a Rare d -Alanyl- l -Alanine Endopeptidase Activity Protects Mice against Streptococcal Bacteremia (2014)

Bacteriophage endolysins have shown great efficacy in killing Gram-positive bacteria. PlyC, a group C streptococcal phage lysin, represents the most efficient lysin characterized to date, with a remarkably high specificity against different streptococcal species, including the important pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. However, PlyC is a unique lysin, in terms of both its high activity and structure (two distinct subunits). We sought to discover and characterize a phage lysin active against S. pyogenes with an endolysin architecture distinct from that of PlyC to determine if it relies on the same mechanism of action as PlyC. In this study, we identified and characterized an endolysin, termed PlyPy (phage lysin from S. pyogenes), from a prophage infecting S. pyogenes. By in silico analysis, PlyPy was found to have a molecular mass of 27.8 kDa and a pI of 4.16. It was active against a majority of group A streptococci and displayed high levels of activity as well as binding specificity against group B and C streptococci, while it was less efficient against other streptococcal species. PlyPy showed the highest activity at neutral pH in the presence of calcium and NaCl. Surprisingly, its activity was not affected by the presence of the group A-specific carbohydrate, while the activity of PlyC was partly inhibited. Additionally, PlyPy was active in vivo and could rescue mice from systemic bacteremia. Finally, we developed a novel method to determine the peptidoglycan bond cleaved by lysins and concluded that PlyPy exhibits a rare d-alanyl-l-alanine endopeptidase activity. PlyPy thus represents the first lysin characterized from Streptococcus pyogenes and has a mechanism of action distinct from that of PlyC.
Competing Risks of Death in Patients with Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comorbidity Based Model (2012)

Informed treatment decisions regarding patients with solid tumors must integrate not only cancer related variables but also factors that predict noncancer death. We established a comorbidity based predictive model that may assist in patient counseling by allowing quantification and comparison of competing risks of death in patients 66 years old or older with localized renal cell carcinoma who elect to proceed with surgery.
Temperature characteristics of resonant-tunneling devices (1990)

For Si1-xGex/Si hole and Ga1-xAlxAs/GaAs electron double barrier resonant tunneling devices (RTDs), we have studied the negative differential resistance (NDR). The current peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) was investigated as function of the temperature T for different device parameters and the dependence of the maximum working temperature Tm on material parameters and device parameters was determined. The results show that by narrowing well and barrier width, decreasing barrier height, and decreasing the doping concentration in the spacer layer, the RTDs have improved temperature characteristics, and have higher peak current Jp and larger PVR at high temperature. The RTDs with larger well width, and wide and high barriers nave quite large PVR, and are favorable to use at low temperature. Ga1-xAlxAs/GaAs electron RTDs are estimated to work at room temperature for a wide range of device parameters, while the device parameter design of Si1-xGex/Si hole RTDs is much more critical to work at same temperature. These results are consistent with the tendency of recently published experiments. On the basis of calculated PVR curves we can optimize RTD parameters to increase the working temperature and current peak-to-valley ratio.
Bioencapsulation of Therapeutic Quantities of the Antibacterial Romet‐30 in Nauplii of the Brine Shrimp Artemia and in the Nematode Panagrellus redivivus (1990)

Abstract Nauplii of the brine shrimp, Artemia , and cultures of the soil nematode, Panagrellus redivivus , were fed a suspension of the water‐insoluble antibacterial Romet‐30 (sulfadimethoxine plus ormetoprim) to determine if they could be used as a mechanism for delivery of the drug to larval penaeid shrimp. Romet‐30 was added to groups of brine shrimp nauplii and nematodes in 1 L beakers to achieve a concentration of 3 mg of drug per ml of seawater. After a 4 h uptake period, predetermined numbers of organisms were assayed for antibiotic content using the micro‐plate diffusion method and a Romet‐30 sensitive strain of Vibrio alginolyticus as the indicator. The resulting zones of inhibition were compared to that of a standard Kirby‐Bauer sensitivity disc containing 25 μg of the drug that was placed on each plate as standard control. Negative controls consisted of equal numbers of nauplii and nematodes that were not exposed to the antibiotic. Artemia nauplii and nematodes accumulated approximately 0.1 μg of the drug per nauplius and approximately 0.25 μg per nematode. They exhibited no signs of toxicity from exposure to the drug and contained the antibiotic in sufficient quantity to provide a theoretical therapeutic dose of the drug when fed to penaeid larvae. In subsequent tests, normal and diseased larval Penaeus stylirostris readily accepted Romet‐30 enriched Artemia . Diseased larvae fed the drug in this manner exhibited a statistically greater overall survival and a greater survival to the post‐larval stage by Student's t ‐test at the 5% significance level.
Total synthesis of (–)-solavetivone using enantioselective copper-catalysed conjugate addition of Me3Al to a cyclohexa-2,5-dienone intermediate (1996)

By applying a new enantioselective Cu-catalysed conjugate addition of Me3Al, (–)-solavetivone 1 is synthesized stereoselectively from cyclohexa-2,5-dienone 4, prepared from a chiral compound 6 using a regioselective HgII-mediated cyclopropyl ring-opening, subsequent PdII-mediated spiroannulation of 7, and a stereoselective Pd0-catalysed hydrogenation of an allylic formate 5 as key reactions.