gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State restructuring versus the cities in Finland: the coming of age of metropolitan governance in Helsinki? (2005)

Spire est le dépôt institutionnel de la production scientifique de Sciences Po et contient le texte intégral des articles, ouvrages, chapitres d’ouvrages, working papers et communications dans des conférences de la communauté académique de Sciences Po.
Estimating the Power Capability of Li-ion Batteries Using Informationally Partitioned Estimators (2015)

Enforcing constraints on the maximum deliverable power is essential to protect lithium-ion batteries and to maximize resource utilization. This paper describes an algorithm to address the estimation of power capability of battery systems accounting for thermal and electrical constraints. The algorithm is based on model inversion to compute the limiting currents and, hence, power capability. The adequacy of model inversion significantly depends on the accuracy of model states and parameters. Herein, these are estimated by designing cascading estimators whose structure is determined by quantifying the relative estimability of states and parameters. The parameterized battery model and the estimation algorithms are integrated with a power management system in a model of a series hybrid electric vehicle to demonstrate their effectiveness.
Development of Garnet-Type Li Ion Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li Ion Batteries (2015)

The high energy density Li ion batteries require a replacement of currently used organic polymer electrolyte with highly conducting solid-state materials in terms of safety reasons. Solid electrolytes exhibiting high total Li ion conductivity, negligible electronic conductivity and wide electrochemical window (up to 6 V/Li/Li + ) are preferable for application in solid-state Li ion batteries [1,2]. Garnet-like oxides, with general formula, Li 5 La 3 M 2 O 12 (M = Nb, Ta) are emerged as a promising class of Li + conductors among several other solid-state materials [1]. The increase in Li content has proven to be increasing the Li ion conductivity of garnets and Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 have a highest conductivity of the order of 10 -4 Scm -1 at ambient condition [3]. In this talk, we report the effect of excess Li added during synthesis to avoid Li volatilization on the ionic conductivity of garnet-type materials and discuss the recent developments on optimization of ionic conductivity of garnets. References 1. V. Thangadurai, H. Kaack and W. J. F. Weppner, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 86 , 437 (2003). 2. J. B. Goodenough and K.-S. Park, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. , 135 , 1167 (2013). 3. R. Murugan, V. Thangadurai and W. Weppner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , 46 , 7778 (2007).
The Application of Behaviour Analysis to the Coaching of Academy Football Players: Towards a Technology of Elite Player Development (2009)

Many years of deliberate practice are required for the attainment of expertise (Ericsson, Krampe, ;Tesch-Romer, 1993; Bloom, 1985), yet guidance for coaches responsible for the provision of practice to develop young sporting talent is sparse (Martindale, Collins ;Daubney, 2005), The result is a coaching process directed by intuition and tradition rather than science informed by empirical findings (Williams ;Hodges, 2005). This research examined the application of behaviour analysis, a science of behaviour to the coaching of boys at an English professional football club academy. Three single subject experiments were conducted (multiple baseline and alternating treatment designs) that assessed the effects of coaching interventions on the quality of practice, performance and learning of football technique and the potential for the frequent measurement of performance during coaching to guide this talent development process. Experiment 1 assessed the impact of a fluency building practice programme with self-monitoring and goal setting on the learning of non-dominant foot technique. Findings showed that practice with self-monitoring and charting made a noticeable improvement to passing frequency, which for some players generalised to the game with increased and improved non-dominant foot passing. Fluency practice had limited effect on non-dominant foot turns and no increase in aerial control in the game. It was hypothesised that the lack of a significant consequence for goal attainment limited the development of fluent turning and juggling technique and the lack of generalisation to the game. Experiment 2 compared the effects of goal setting alone, an individual contingency and a group contingency on learning football ‘juggling’ sequences and effort in practice. Results showed that the individual contingency (a signed player photograph) and the group contingency (extra game time) improved technical learning, the group contingency promoted greater effort in practice but goal setting alone did not promote significant learning or practice effort. Experiment 3 measured performance and learning in a group technical practice. Peer-assessed feedback, goal setting and a group contingency improved awareness, passing and first touch performance in practice which, for most players was maintained when the intervention was removed. Findings also showed that players were willing and able to assess their peers to collect accurate and reliable outcome data on performance to enhance the coaching process. Overall, the findings indicated that the coaching and measurement procedures provided valuable and reliable outcome data on all players and served to increase player performance and satisfaction during practice. Implications for the generation of performance standards for core practice tasks and the development of repeatable and measurable systems (a technology) of elite player identification, coaching and development were made.
Block and graft copolymers by selective cationic initiation. I. Selective alkylation with trialkylaluminums on the chlorine of chlorobrominated alkanes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlock and graft copolymers by selective cationic initiation. I. Selective alkylation with trialkylaluminums on the chlorine of chlorobrominated alkanesJoseph P. Kennedy and Earl G. MelbyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 8, 1099–1101Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00896a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00896a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reliable Physical-Layer Network Coding Supporting Real Applications (2016)

This paper presents the first reliable physical-layer network coding (PNC) system that supports real TCP/IP applications for the two-way relay network (TWRN). Theoretically, PNC could boost the throughput of TWRN by a factor of 2 compared with traditional scheduling (TS) in the high signal-to-noise (SNR) regime. Although there have been many theoretical studies on PNC performance, there have been relatively few experimental and implementation efforts. Our earlier PNC prototype, built in 2012, was an offline system that processed signals offline. For a system that supports real applications, signals must be processed online in real-time. Our real-time reliable PNC prototype, referred to as RPNC, solves a number of key challenges to enable the support of real TCP/IP applications. The enabling components include: 1) a time-slotted system that achieves μs-level synchronization for the PNC system; 2) reduction of PNC signal processing complexity to meet real-time constraints; 3) an ARQ design tailored for PNC to ensure reliable packet delivery; and 4) an interface to the application layer. We took on the challenge to implement all of the above with general-purpose processors in PC through an SDR platform rather than ASIC or FPGA. With all of these components, we have successfully demonstrated image exchange with TCP and two-party video conferencing with UDP over RPNC. Experimental results show that the achieved throughput approaches the PHY-layer data rate at high SNR, demonstrating the high efficiency of the RPNC system.
A prostate-specific membrane antigen activated molecular rotor for real-time fluorescence imaging (2021)

Surgery is an efficient way to treat localized prostate cancer (PCa), however, it is challenging to demarcate rapidly and accurately the tumor boundary intraoperatively, as existing tumor detection methods are seldom performed in real-time. To overcome those limitations, we develop a fluorescent molecular rotor that specifically targets the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an established marker for PCa. The probes have picomolar affinity (IC<sub>50 </sub>= 63-118 pM) for PSMA and generate virtually instantaneous onset of robust fluorescent signal proportional to the concentration of the PSMA-probe complex. In vitro and ex vivo experiments using PCa cell lines and clinical samples, respectively, indicate the utility of the probe for biomedical applications, including real-time monitoring of endocytosis and tumor staging. Experiments performed in a PCa xenograft model reveal suitability of the probe for imaging applications in vivo.
Rare event asymptotics for a random walk in the quarter plane (2010)

This paper presents a novel technique for deriving asymptotic expressions for the occurrence of rare events for a random walk in the quarter plane. In particular, we study a tandem queue with Poisson arrivals, exponential service times and coupled processors. The service rate for one queue is only a fraction of the global service rate when the other queue is non-empty; when one queue is empty, the other queue has full service rate. The bivariate generating function of the queue lengths gives rise to a functional equation. In order to derive asymptotic expressions for large queue lengths, we combine the kernel method for functional equations with boundary value problems and singularity analysis.
Friction stir welding (FSW) process (2003)

(2003). Friction stir welding (FSW) process. Welding International: Vol. 17, No. 11, pp. 852-855.
Magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis animal models: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and white paper (2020)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important paraclinical tool for assessing drug response in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. As such, MRI has also been widely used in preclinical research to investigate drug efficacy and pathogenic aspects in MS animal models. Keeping track of all published preclinical imaging studies, and possible new therapeutic approaches, has become difficult considering the abundance of studies. Moreover, comparisons between studies are hampered by methodological differences, especially since small differences in an MRI protocol can lead to large differences in tissue contrast. We therefore provide a comprehensive qualitative overview of preclinical MRI studies in the field of neuroinflammatory and demyelinating diseases, aiming to summarize experimental setup, MRI methodology, and risk of bias. We also provide estimates of the effects of tested therapeutic interventions by a meta-analysis. Finally, to improve the standardization of preclinical experiments, we propose guidelines on technical aspects of MRI and reporting that can serve as a framework for future preclinical studies using MRI in MS animal models. By implementing these guidelines, clinical translation of findings will be facilitated, and could possibly reduce experimental animal numbers.
Temperature Dependance of Freeze-Etch Images (1969)

Freeze-etching has been termed the “true to nature” preparation method for electron microscopy because certain ceils remain viable throughout the treatment. However, even in the frozen state aqueous systems undergo various phase changes with temperature and little is known about the effects of these changes on frozen biological materials. Our present investigation was designed to provide some information as to what extent the temperature(s) at which the specimens are held during the various freeze-etch procedures can influence the final image of the material.
Incorporation of system inertia into reliability evaluation of real-time control systems (2002)

The control system inertia is characterized as the control system deadline (CSD). A computer controller may sometimes fail to produce correct and/or timely control signals due to massive component failures caused by external environmental interferences. However, the underlying control system does not necessarily crash immediately upon controller failure. The CSD is defined as the maximum time the control system can stay in its allowed state space without the computer controller's services in producing correct and/or timely control signals. Through the analysis and simulation of the Boeing 737-a typical real-time control system-we characterized the CSD as a random variable. When evaluating the system reliability with the CSD knowledge, we need not derive the complete distribution of CSD, but need only the first and second moments, thus simplifying the necessary calculation. Finally, we applied the CSD knowledge to the system reliability evaluation, showing significant improvements in accuracy.
Custom-fit processors: letting applications define architectures (2002)

In this paper we report on a system which automatically designs realistic VLIW architectures highly optimized for one given application (the input for this system), while running all other code correctly. The system uses a product-quality compiler that generates very aggressive VLIW code. We retarget the compiler until we have found a VLIW architecture idealized for the application on the basis of performance, a cost function and a hardware budget. We show that we can automatically select architectures that achieve large speedups on color and image processing codes. Specialization is shown to be very valuable: The differences between architectural choices, even among reasonable-seeming architectures having similar costs, can be very great, often a factor of 5 (and sometimes much more). We show also that specialization is also very dangerous. A reasonable choice of architecture to fit one algorithm can be a very poor choice for another even in the same domain. There is sometimes an architecture, near in cost and performance to the best, that does much better on a second algorithm.
Benchmarking quantum annealing for community detection on synthetic social networks. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
Theoretical and practical aspects of mutual information-based side channel analysis (2010)

A large variety of side channel analyses performed on embedded devices involve the linear correlation coefficient as wrong-key distinguisher. This coefficient is actually a sound statistical tool to quantify linear dependencies between univariate variables. At CHES 2008, Gierlichs et al. proposed to use the mutual information measure as an alternative to the correlation coefficient since it detects any kind of statistical dependency. Substituting it for the correlation coefficient may indeed be considered as a natural extension of the existing attacks. Nevertheless, the first published applications have raised several open issues. In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis of MIA in the Gaussian leakage model to explore the reasons why and when it is a sound key recovery attack. Also, we generalise MIA to higher-orders (i.e., against masked implementations). Secondly, we address the main practical issue of MIA: the mutual information estimation which itself relies on the estimation of statistical distributions. We describe three classical estimation methods and we apply them in the context of MIA. Eventually, we present various attack simulations and practical attack experiments that allow us to check the efficiency of MIA in practice and to compare it to classical correlation-based attacks.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Induces Greater T-Cell Responses Compared to Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients (2021)

T-cell immunity associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) is poorly understood. To address this, we measured T-cell responses in 50 SOTRs with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The majority of patients mounted SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T-cell responses against spike (S), nucleocapsid, and membrane proteins; CD8+ T-cell responses were generated to a lesser extent. CD4+ T-cell responses correlated with antibody levels. Severity of disease and mycophenolate dose were moderately associated with lower proportions of antigen-specific T cells. Relative to nontransplant controls, SOTRs had perturbations in both total and antigen-specific T cells, including higher frequencies of total PD-1+ CD4+ T cells. Vaccinated SOTRs (n = 55) mounted significantly lower proportions of S-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells after 2 doses, relative to unvaccinated SOTRs with prior coronavirus disease 2019. Together, these results suggest that SOTRs generate robust T-cell responses following natural infection that correlate with disease severity but generate comparatively lower T-cell responses following mRNA vaccination.
A Novel Small Molecule That Directly Sensitizes the Insulin Receptor In Vitro and In Vivo (2001)

Insulin resistance, an important feature of type 2 diabetes, is manifested as attenuated insulin receptor (IR) signaling in response to insulin binding. A drug that promotes the initiation of IR signaling by enhancing IR autophosphorylation should, therefore, be useful for treating type 2 diabetes. This report describes the effect of a small molecule IR sensitizer, TLK16998, on IR signaling. This compound activated the tyrosine kinase domain of the IR β-subunit at concentrations of 1 μmol/l or less but had no effect on insulin binding to the IR α-subunit even at much higher concentrations. TLK16998 alone had no effect on IR signaling in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes but, at concentrations as low as 3.2 μmol/l, enhanced the effects of insulin on the phosphorylation of the IR β-subunit and IR substrate 1, and on the amount of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that coimmunoprecipitated with IRS-1. Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that the effect of TLK16998 on the IR was associated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the activation loop of the β-subunit tyrosine kinase domain. TLK16998 also increased the potency of insulin in stimulating 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with a detectable effect at 8 μmol/l and a 10-fold increase at 40 μmol/l. In contrast, only small effects were observed on IGF-1–stimulated 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake. In diabetic mice, TLK16998, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, lowered blood glucose levels for up to 6 h. These results suggest, therefore, that small nonpeptide molecules that directly sensitize the IR may be useful for treating type 2 diabetes.
Monitoring Usage-Control Policies in Distributed Systems (2011)

We have previously presented a monitoring algorithm for compliance checking of policies formalized in an expressive metric first-order temporal logic. We explain here the steps required to go from the original algorithm to a working infrastructure capable of monitoring an existing distributed application producing millions of log entries per day. The main challenge is to correctly and efficiently monitor the trace interleavings obtained by totally ordering actions that happen at the same time. We provide solutions based on formula transformations and monitoring representative traces. We also report, for the first time, on statistics on the performance of our monitor on real-world data, providing evidence of its suitability for nontrivial applications.
Sulfonated latex particle as acid catalysts for the continuous inversion of sucrose (1988)

Abstract Sulfonated polystyrene latex particles were used as acid catalysts in the continuous inversion of sucrose at 50–70°C. The particles (surface charge 168 μeq/g) were confined in a stirred reactor with a semipermeable membrane; sucrose solution was pumped in, and product solution was pumped out. The catalytic activity of the particles was unchanged after 20 days continuous use. Variation of particle size (0.13 and 0.42 μm) and stirring rate showed that internal and external mass transfer was not a controlling factor. The kinetics were pseudo‐first‐order; the rate constant at 70°C was 2.30/N min as compared with 0.07/N min for macroporous sulfonated ion‐exchange resin; the apparent activation energy was 111 kJ/mol as compared with 121 kJ/mol for the homogeneous acid‐catalyzed reaction. The faster rate was attributed to the very great surface area, high charge density, and lack of internal diffusional resistance of the latex particles. The proposed mechanism comprised adsorption of sucrose on the particle surface, followed by inversion and desorption of product.
Biological Evaluation of Natural and Synthesized Homovanillic Acid Esters as Inhibitors of Intestinal Fatty Acid Uptake in Differentiated Caco-2 Cells (2019)

With raising prevalence of obesity, the regulation of human body fat is increasingly relevant. The modulation of fatty acid uptake by enterocytes represents a promising target for body weight maintenance. Recent results demonstrated that the trigeminal active compounds capsaicin, nonivamide, and <i>trans</i>-pellitorine dose-dependently reduce fatty acid uptake in differentiated Caco-2 cells as a model for the intestinal barrier. However, non-pungent alternatives have not been investigated and structural determinants for the modulation of intestinal fatty acid uptake have not been identified so far. Thus, based on the previous results, we synthesized 23 homovanillic acid esters in addition to the naturally occurring capsiate and screened them for their potential to reduce intestinal fatty acid uptake using the fluorescent fatty acid analog Bodipy-C12 in differentiated Caco‑2 cells as an enterocyte model. Whereas pre-incubation with 100 µM capsiate did not change fatty acid uptake by Caco-2 enterocytes, a maximum inhibition of -47% was reached using 100 µM 1‑methylpentyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetate. Structural analysis of the 24 structural analogues tested in the present study revealed that a branched fatty acid side chain, independent of the chain length, is one of the most important structural motifs associated with inhibition of fatty acid uptake in Caco-2 enterocytes. The results of the present study may serve as an important basis for designing potent dietary inhibitors of fatty acid uptake.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRROLIZIDINONE AND INDOLIZIDINONE SYNTHESIS: GENERATION AND INTRAMOLECULAR ADDITION OF α‐ACYLAMINO RADICALS TO OLEFINS AND ALLENES (1985)

Abstract Durch Behandlung der aus den Imiden (I) erhältlichen Phenylthiolactame (II) mit Tributyl‐Sn‐hydrid in Gegenwart von AIBN [Bedingung (A)] werden Radikale (III) erzeugt, die sich unter Bildung der Produkte (IV) + (V) + (VI) cyclisieren [+ Reduktionsprodukte (VII)].