gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-wavelength beam deflection technique for electron density measurements in laser-produced plasmas (1991)

We describe the use of a two-wavelength beam deflection technique in the measurement of electron density and expansion velocity in a laser-produced plasma. Beam deflection measurements are made with a spatial resolution of 250 microm, temporal resolution of 25 ns, and a dynamic range of 1000. Several techniques for determining the spatial and temporal variation of the electron density from beam deflection measurements are described.
Studies on Enzymatic Synthesis of Nonreducing Oligosaccharides and Their Application (1999)

A considerable amount of research over the last decades has focused on the apparent specialization of V2 thin stripes for the processing of color in diurnal primates. However, because V2 thin stripes are functionally heterogeneous in that they consist of largely separate color- and luminance-preferring domains and because the color-preferring domains contain a systematic representation of hue, we hypothesized that they contained functional maps that subserve luminance processing. Here we show, using optical imaging of intrinsic cortical signals and microelectrode recording, that the V2 thin stripe luminance-preferring domains contain spatially segregated modules that encode the direction of relative luminance change. Quantitative analysis of the cortical responses to luminance increments or decrements indicates that these luminance-sensitive modules also encode the magnitude of the luminance change by the magnitude of the evoked cortical response. These results demonstrate an important role of V2 thin stripes in the processing of luminance and thus suggest that thin stripes are involved in the overall processing of the surface properties of objects rather than simply the processing of color.
Identification of Phenolic Compounds in Aquilaria crassna Leaves Via Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (2012)

In this study, we extracted Aquilaria crassna with aqueous ethanol and water and analyzed the extracts via liquid chromatography diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC– ESI–MS) methods. Phenolics were separated using semi-micro HPLC and were identified as iriflophenone 3,5-C-β-diglucoside (1), iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside (2), mangiferin (3), iriflophenone 2-O-α-rhamnoside (4), genkwanin 5-O-β-primeveroside (5), genkwanin 5-O-β-glucoside (6), genkwanin 4′-methyl ether 5-O-β-primeveroside (7), and genkwanin (8) via a comparison with authentic samples. The collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MS/MS spectra of these polyphenols and the unknown chromatographic peaks were detected using hybrid ion trap time-of-flight (IT-TOF) mass spectrometry. The results of the present study demonstrated that LC–ESI–MS can be useful for the specific quality control of extracts of extracted A. crassna.
Learning a syntagmatic and paradigmatic structure from language data with a bi-multigram model (1998)

In this paper, we present a stochastic language modeling tool which aims at retrieving variable-length phrases (multigrams), assuming bigram dependencies between them. The phrase retrieval can be intermixed with a phrase clustering procedure, so that the language data are iteratively structured at both a paradigmatic and a syntagmatic level in a fully integrated way. Perplexity results on ATR travel arrangement data with a bi-multigram model (assuming bigram correlations between the phrases) come very close to the trigram scores with a reduced number of entries in the language model. Also the ability of the class version of the model to merge semantically related phrases into a common class is illustrated.
<title>Coherent signal analysis in color Doppler optical coherence tomography</title> (1998)

Color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT) is a recent innovation which allows spatially localized flow velocity mapping simultaneous with micro-structural imaging. We present a theoretical model for velocity image formation in CDOCT. The equivalence between the heterodyne detector current power spectrum in CDOCT and the optical source power spectrum is established. We show that stochastic modifications of the detected electronic spectrum by fluctuating scatterer distributions in the flow field give rise to unavoidable velocity estimation inaccuracies, as well as to the fundamental trade-off between the maximum velocity image acquisition rate and the estimated velocity precision. Novel algorithms which permit high fidelity depth-resolved measurements of velocities in turbid media with optimal frame rate are also reported.
Functional polymorphism of IgG FcRII (CD32) on human neutrophils. (1990)

In this study we demonstrate that Fc gamma RII on polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) (i) mediates binding of immune complexes, and (ii) is polymorphic, similar to the polymorphism described for monocytes and platelets. This was demonstrated in an adherence assay of PMN to activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Precoating of activated HUVEC with a mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) ENA1, which is highly reactive with activated HUVEC, caused an enhanced adhesion in 11 of 15 experiments using PMN from different donors. Enhanced adhesion of the PMN corresponded with expression of a high-responder (HR) Fc gamma RII on monocytes isolated from the same donor, as identified by anti-CD3-induced T-cell proliferation. These data led to the conclusion that Fc gamma RII on PMN is polymorphic. This conclusion was, furthermore, supported by immunofluorescence (IF) studies using a new mAb 41H16, which selectively reacts with the HR allotype of Fc gamma RII.
AC corona‐discharge aerosol‐neutralization device adapted to liquid chromatography/particle beam/mass spectrometry (1995)

An AC corona-discharge device was inserted upstream of a thermospray vaporizer tip in a liquid chromatography/particle beam mass spectrometer to neutralize static aerosol charging. Response of a test analyte was measured with or without discharge initiation. If the solvent contained no ammonium acetate buffer, increased analyte signal was associated with the discharge. However, in the presence of ammonium acetate the benefit of AC discharge neutralization was either not observed or was more subtle. This led to the conclusion that the previously observed ammonium acetate "carrier" effect is attributable, at least in part, to neutralization of static electric charges produced spontaneously during the solvent nebulization process. In a second experiment, the pattern of particles issuing from the system momentum separator was examined by aiming the particle beam at a cold target located within a mass spectrometer ion source. Variations in particle density were observed depending on (i) whether or not the aerosol had been neutralized and (ii) the proximity of electron-beam-collimating magnets to the particle beam trajectory. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that electrostatic charging occurs spontaneously during the nebulization process in which an aerosol is formed from the high performance liquid chromatography effluent. Such electrostatic charging introduces a factor likely to degrade system performance by at least two modes: through interactions of the charged aerosol particles (i) with the walls of the aerosol transmission pathway, and, after they are accelerated into a particle beam and introduced into the mass spectrometer, (ii) with the magnets used for electron beam collimation in many mass spectrometer ion sources.
Improved Selenium Recovery from Tissue with Modified Sample Decomposition (1991)

The present paper describes a simple modification of a recently reported decomposition method for determination of selenium in biological tissue by hydride generation atomic absorption. The modified method yielded slightly higher selenium recoveries (3-4%) for selected reference tissues and fish tissue spiked with selenomethionine. Radiotracer experiments indicated that the addition of a small volume of hydrochloric acid to the wet digestate mixture reduced slight losses of selenium as the sample initially went to dryness before ashing. With the modified method, selenium spiked as selenomethionine behaved more like the selenium in reference tissues than did the inorganic spike forms when this digestion modification was used.
S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Dysfunction Contributes to Obesity-Associated Hepatic Insulin Resistance via Regulating Autophagy (2017)

Obesity is associated with elevated intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production, which promotes nitrosative stress in metabolic tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle, contributing to insulin resistance. The onset of obesity-associated insulin resistance is due, in part, to the compromise of hepatic autophagy, a process that leads to lysosomal degradation of cellular components. However, it is not known how NO bioactivity might impact autophagy in obesity. Here, we establish that <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a major protein denitrosylase, provides a key regulatory link between inflammation and autophagy, which is disrupted in obesity and diabetes. We demonstrate that obesity promotes <i>S</i>-nitrosylation of lysosomal proteins in the liver, thereby impairing lysosomal enzyme activities. Moreover, in mice and humans, obesity and diabetes are accompanied by decreases in GSNOR activity, engendering nitrosative stress. In mice with a GSNOR deletion, diet-induced obesity increases lysosomal nitrosative stress and impairs autophagy in the liver, leading to hepatic insulin resistance. Conversely, liver-specific overexpression of GSNOR in obese mice markedly enhances lysosomal function and autophagy and, remarkably, improves insulin action and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, overexpression of <i>S</i>-nitrosylation-resistant variants of lysosomal enzymes enhances autophagy, and pharmacologically and genetically enhancing autophagy improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in GSNOR-deficient hepatocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that obesity-induced protein <i>S</i>-nitrosylation is a key mechanism compromising the hepatic autophagy, contributing to hepatic insulin resistance.
Fractal Structures in Adversarial Prediction (2015)

Fractals are self-similar recursive structures that have been used in modeling several real world processes. In this work we study how "fractal-like" processes arise in a prediction game where an adversary is generating a sequence of bits and an algorithm is trying to predict them. We will see that under a certain formalization of the predictive payoff for the algorithm it is most optimal for the adversary to produce a fractal-like sequence to minimize the algorithm's ability to predict. Indeed it has been suggested before that financial markets exhibit a fractal-like behavior [FP98, Man05]. We prove that a fractal-like distribution arises naturally out of an optimization from the adversary's perspective.
Prospective application of a bleeding and ischemic risks-adjusted antithrombotic protocol in elderly patients revascularized with everolimus-eluting stents: EPIC05-Sierra75 study. (2022)

In elderly population, the application of this risks-adjusted antithrombotic protocol after revascularization with last generation EES seems to be associated with an improved prognosis in terms of ischemic and bleeding outcomes.
Bandwidth Enabling Laser Communications for the Army Tactical Network (2006)

Current on-the-move network applications rely heavily on RF solutions to maintain mobility while providing adequate voice, video and data solutions. These applications demand the ability to quickly establish a network infrastructure and to be able to breakdown and move on when required. While existing RF technologies allow the user to remain mobile in the field, the future of on-the-move communications demand a higher bandwidth than the current RF solutions can handle. This paper explores the current efforts being made by the army in the exploration of laser communications as a solution for these high bandwidth applications.
Differentiation between cortical atrophy and hydrocephalus using 1H MRS (1997)

Quantitative 1H MRS to determine cerebral metabolite patterns and MRI to determine CSF flow were applied to 12 patients with ventricular dilation-Group A, cortical atrophy (N = 5); or Group B, hydrocephalus (N = 7)- and in 9 normal controls. While mean brain water (Group A = 80% +/- 6; Group B = 86% +/- 5; normal = 85% +/- 4) did not differ between the two groups of patients and controls, 1H MRS distinguished those patients with cortical atrophy (Group A) (N-acetylaspartate/ creatine (NAA/Cr) = 0.69 +/- 0.17, versus normal = 1.06 +/- 0.16; P < 0.002; [NAA] = 5.9 +/- 1.3 mmoles/kg, versus normal 8.0 +/- 1.4; P < 0.02) from those with hydrocephalus (Group B) (NAA/Cr = 1.16 +/- 0.11; [NAA] = 9.2 +/- 1.2; P > 0.13 and P > 0.07). Lactate levels were elevated in 3/5 patients with cortical atrophy, but in 0/7 of those with hydrocephalus. Mean absolute concentrations (mmoles/kg) of the five major cerebral osmolytes were 41 +/- 4 (Group A), 43 +/- 6 (Group B), and 42 +/- 4 (normal), so that despite massive brain deformation, constant osmolality was maintained. 1H MRS may directly benefit surgical planning in hydrocephalus infants by clearly identifying those with cortical atrophy who do not require CSF diversion. Thinning of the cortical mantle in hydrocephalus may result from osmotically driven reduction in individual cell volumes, (shrinkage), rather than brain-compression.
ChemInform Abstract: PROJECTION, SIZE FACTORS, AND REACTION DYNAMICS OF COLLOIDAL REDOX CATALYSTS MEDIATING LIGHT INDUCED HYDROGEN EVOLUTION FROM WATER (1980)

Abstract Es wird ein wäßriges System vorgestellt, in dem Methylviologen (N,N′‐Dimethylbipyridin‐Dikation, MV") unter Belichtung in Gegenwart von Ru(bpy);?," als Sensibilisator und EDTA als Elektronendonator zum Kationenradikal MV+ photoreduziert wird.
Analytical model of three regimes of cold cathode breakdown in helium (2018)

An analytical model has been developed to map out the low-pressure (left-hand) branch of the Paschen curve at very high voltage when electrons are in the runaway regime and charge exchange/ionization avalanche by ions and fast neutral atoms becomes important. The model has been applied to helium gas between parallel-plate electrodes, at potentials ranging in magnitude between 10 and 1000 kilovolt. The respective value of reduced electric field E/n varies in the range of 50-6000kTd, with reduced density nd (where n is the gas density and d is the inter-electrode distance) on the order of 10^20 m^-2. For fast neutral atoms produced via charge exchange, the following interactions prove essential to understanding the breakdown mechanism: contribution to impact ionization, strongly anisotropic scattering in collisions with background atoms,and backscattering (of both atoms and ions, which become neutralized) from the cathode. Three regimes of the breakdown have been identified according to relative share of impact ionization by electrons, by ions, and by fast neutrals. In the fast-neutral regime of particular interest here, the ionization avalanche is directed from anode towards cathode. It is initiated by the fast neutral beam backscattered from the cathode, and charge multiplication occurs through multiple successive cycles of ionization and charge exchange. Further, the double-valued shape of the Paschen curve with a branch point near 200 kV is found to be due to heavy species undergoing a transition to runaway regime. The analytical Paschen curve is compared to those obtained with a detailed Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo (PIC/MCC) simulation, and also to experimental measurements. The model provides accurate predictions for E/n up to ~ 1000 kTd, constrained by availability and quality of required input data.
Phenanthrene and Pyrene Sorption and Intraparticle Diffusion in Polyoxymethylene, Coke, and Activated Carbon (2005)

We report sorption isotherms and uptake kinetics for phenanthrene and pyrene with three organic model sorbents: polyoxymethylene (POM), coke, and activated carbon. We combine batch equilibration and kinetic experiments with the direct observation of the long-term diffusion of phenanthrene and pyrene as measured within cross-sectioned particles using microprobe laser-desorption laser-ionization mass spectroscopy (muL2MS). For POM pellets, the intraparticle concentration profiles predicted from kinetic batch experiments and a polymer diffusion model with spherical geometry are in agreement with the independent muL2MS measurements. For coke particles, the apparent diffusivities decreased with smaller particle size. These trends in diffusivities were described by a sorption-retarded pore diffusion model with a particle-size-dependent solid-water partitioning coefficient obtained from apparent equilibrium observed in the kinetic batch studies. For activated carbon, the muL2MS measurements showed faster radial diffusion of phenanthrene and pyrene into the particle interior than predicted from diffusion models based on a single sorption domain and diffusivity. A branched pore kinetic model, comprising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) macropore diffusion with kinetic exchange of PAH between macroporous and microporous domains, fits the experimental observations better. Because of parallel macro- and microdiffusion processes, nonlinear sorption isotherms, and a concentration-dependent diffusivity, it is not possible to make independent parameter estimations for intraparticle diffusion in activated carbon using our present procedures.
Transient aberrancy during AV nodal reentrant tachycardia: What is the mechanism? (2021)

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
The Potential of Single-well Acoustic Imaging for Detecting the Direction and Distance to a Target Borehole (2012)

A new method to locate nearby boreholes using acoustic imaging is presented. The challenge of locating a nearby well from a borehole is commonly addressed with electromagnetic (EM) or passive magnetic ranging methods, which can suffer from poor resolution and penetration and require the presence of a conductive or magnetic casing. Single-well acoustic imaging has great potential for locating a nearby borehole at higher resolution and with fewer of the limitations of EM-based methods. Acoustic imaging requires only an impedance contrast between the target object and the formation, which is adequately provided by the presence of a fluid-filled borehole. Two tests are shown demonstrating the capabilities of the new method. In the first test, a vertical borehole is located and imaged from a nearby horizontal well, and in the second test, a vertical borehole is imaged from a nearby near-vertical well. In both cases the estimated distances were validated by independent measurements.
Atomic layer deposited tantalum silicate on crystallographically-oriented epitaxial germanium: interface chemistry and band alignment (2022)

Schematic representation of TaSiO x on crystallographically-oriented Ge and its empirical impact on the TaSiO x /Ge interfacial energy band discontinuity.
Generality versus Size in Genetic Programming (1996)

Genetic Programming (GP) uses variable size representations as programs. Size becomes an important and interesting emergent property of the structures evolved by GP. The size of programs can be both a controlling and a controlled factor in GP search. Size influences the efficiency of the search process and is related to the generality of solutions. This paper analyzes the size and generality issues in standard GP and GP using subroutines and addresses the question whether such an analysis can help control the search process. We relate the size, generalization and modularity issues for programs evolved to control an agent in a dynamic and non-deterministic environment, as exemplified by the Pac-Man game.
Peak Matching (2016)

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Joint carrier phase tracking and multi-user demodulation of narrow-band signals (2002)

Coherent joint detection of cochannel signals is an effective method for improving quality and system capacity for narrow-band TDMA systems in the presence of interference. Accurate estimation of signal parameters is thus required in order to separate the signals for different users. This paper proposes an accurate method for estimating phase and frequency errors that are present in the received signal. Combined with multi-user sequence estimation, an approach is developed that uses a cross-coupled, digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) to track the phase and frequency estimates during demodulation. Additionally, the frequency estimates are smoothed across multiple data slots to improve the performance. Simulation results are presented showing the efficacy of this approach to compensate for phase and frequency errors present in single-antenna ANSI-136 handsets.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Tri‐Substituted 3,4‐Dihydroquinazolines via Tandem Nucleophilic Addition/Epoxy Ring‐Opening Cyclization Methodology Using N‐(2‐Oxiranylphenyl)carbodiimides with Nucleophiles. (2011)

Abstract A variety of dihydroquinazolines are obtained diastereoselectively by reaction of carbodiimides (IX) with different O‐, S‐, N‐ and C‐nucleophiles.
“Constrained Geometry” Titanium Complexes:  Exceptionally Robust Systems for Living Polymerization of Methacrylates at High Temperature and Model Studies toward Chain Transfer Polymerization with Thiols (2006)

The 1:1 combination of Ti{CGC}Me2 (1; CGC = Me2Si(Me4C5)(tBuN)) with B(C6F5)3 was found to feature a so far unrevealed thermal robustness in methacrylate polymerization that enables it to operate in a broad temperature range (0−100 °C) with a living behavior. Highly effective (576 kg PMMA·mol Ti-1·h-1) and productive (monomer-to-Ti ratio up to 5000) homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and effective diblock and triblock copolymerization of MMA with butyl methacrylate (BMA) were thus achieved at 80 °C. The robust “constrained geometry” titanium system has been used to investigate thiols as possible chain transfer agents in MMA polymerization. Neutral alkylthiolato and thiophenolato complexes [Ti{CGC}(X)(Y)] (2, X = Me, Y = tBuS; 3, X = Me, Y = o-MeOC6H4S; 4, X = Y = iPrS; 5, X = Y = PhCH2S) have been synthesized by protonolysis of 1 with thiols and shown to polymerize MMA once activated by a Lewis acid such as B(C6F5)3. Combinations 1/B(C6F5)3/tBuSH polymerized quantitatively MMA in toluene to yield PMMAs with narrow polydispersity (Mw/Mn ≅ 1.10), but no effective chain transfer was evidenced, whatever the conditions used. The stoichiometric reaction of tBuSH and o-MeOC6H4SH with the cationic enolate complex [Ti{CGC}(O(OiPr)CCMe2)(THF)]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- (8) revealed that thiols do cleave the Ti−O(enolate) bond of 8 to give the alkylthiolato and thiophenolato titanium cationic species; however, this pathway proceeds remarkably slowly in comparison with that with a similar Zr−O(enolate) bond.