gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steerable augmented reality with the beamatron (2012)

Steerable displays use a motorized platform to orient a projector to display graphics at any point in the room. Often a camera is included to recognize markers and other objects, as well as user gestures in the display volume. Such systems can be used to superimpose graphics onto the real world, and so are useful in a number of augmented reality and ubiquitous computing scenarios. We contribute the Beamatron, which advances steerable displays by drawing on recent progress in depth camera-based interactions. The Beamatron consists of a computer-controlled pan and tilt platform on which is mounted a projector and Microsoft Kinect sensor. While much previous work with steerable displays deals primarily with projecting corrected graphics onto a discrete set of static planes, we describe computational techniques that enable reasoning in 3D using live depth data. We show two example applications that are enabled by the unique capabilities of the Beamatron: an augmented reality game in which a player can drive a virtual toy car around a room, and a ubiquitous computing demo that uses speech and gesture to move projected graphics throughout the room.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study to assess the efficacy of Andrographis paniculata standardized extract (ParActin®) on pain reduction in subjects with knee osteoarthritis (2019)

Andrographis paniculata Wall (Acanthaceae) is becoming more recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of an andrographolide-containing supplement, ParActin® (300 and 600 mg daily), on Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain reduction in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Joint stiffness, physical function, changes in the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, a fatigue scale, and safety were also evaluated. A total of 103 male and female patients with I-II osteoarthritis of the knee joint were assessed. Patients treated with 300 or 600 mg/day of ParActin® showed a significant reduction in pain at days 28, 56, and 84 compared with a placebo group. WOMAC stiffness scores, physical function score, and the fatigue score showed a significant improvement in both ParActin®-treated groups compared with the placebo group. At the end of the study, the quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) scores showed significant improvements in both ParActin®-treated groups compared with the placebo group. Overall, it can be concluded that ParActin® in 300 and 600 mg/day dosages were found to be effective and safe in reducing pain in individuals suffering from mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.
Hierarchical order of coexisting pre- and postsynaptic forms of long-term potentiation at synapses in amygdala (2010)

Synaptic rules that may determine the interaction between coexisting forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamatergic central synapses remain unknown. Here, we show that two mechanistically distinct forms of LTP could be induced in thalamic input to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) with an identical presynaptic stimulation protocol, depending on the level of postsynaptic membrane polarization. One form of LTP, resulting from pairing of postsynaptic depolarization and low-frequency presynaptic stimulation, was both induced and expressed postsynaptically ("post-LTP"). The same stimulation in the absence of postsynaptic depolarization led to LTP, which was induced and expressed presynaptically ("pre-LTP"). The inducibility of coexisting pre- and postsynaptic forms of LTP at synapses in thalamic input followed a well-defined hierarchical order, such that pre-LTP was suppressed when post-LTP was induced. This interaction was mediated by activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors by endogenous cannabinoids released in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala in response to activation of the type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor. These results suggest a previously unknown mechanism by which the hierarchy of coexisting forms of long-term synaptic plasticity in the neural circuits of learned fear could be established, possibly reflecting the hierarchy of memories for the previously experienced fearful events according to their aversiveness level.
Evolutionary selection of enzymatically synthesized semiconductors from biomimetic mineralization vesicles (2012)

The way nature evolves and sculpts materials using proteins inspires new approaches to materials engineering but is still not completely understood. Here, we present a cell-free synthetic biological platform to advance studies of biologically synthesized solid-state materials. This platform is capable of simultaneously exerting many of the hierarchical levels of control found in natural biomineralization, including genetic, chemical, spatial, structural, and morphological control, while supporting the evolutionary selection of new mineralizing proteins and the corresponding genetically encoded materials that they produce. DNA-directed protein expression and enzymatic mineralization occur on polystyrene microbeads in water-in-oil emulsions, yielding synthetic surrogates of biomineralizing cells that are then screened by flow sorting, with light-scattering signals used to sort the resulting mineralized composites differentially. We demonstrate the utility of this platform by evolutionarily selecting newly identified silicateins, biomineralizing enzymes previously identified from the silica skeleton of a marine sponge, for enzyme variants capable of synthesizing silicon dioxide (silica) or titanium dioxide (titania) composites. Mineral composites of intermediate strength are preferentially selected to remain intact for identification during cell sorting, and then to collapse postsorting to expose the encoding genes for enzymatic DNA amplification. Some of the newly selected silicatein variants catalyze the formation of crystalline silicates, whereas the parent silicateins lack this ability. The demonstrated bioengineered route to previously undescribed materials introduces in vitro enzyme selection as a viable strategy for mimicking genetic evolution of materials as it occurs in nature.
Reduction of Beam Divergence Angle by Low-Refractive-Index Layers Introduced to Real-Refractive-Index-Guided GaAlAs High-Power Laser Diodes (1997)

A new approach for reducing a beam divergence angle vertical to the junction plane was proposed. Low-refractive-index layers were introduced adjacent to the active region in a real-refractive-index-guided high-power laser diode. The effects of the low-refractive-index layers on vertical near-field patterns were studied in detail through numerical calculations. The calculations indicated that the beam divergence angle vertical to the junction plane can be reduced with respect to the low-refractive-index layers without significant increase in the threshold current. The fabricated device exhibited a vertical beam divergence angle as small as 15.3° and threshold current as low as 22.7 mA. The actual vertical near-field pattern was found to be wider than calculated, which is attributed to the asymmetrical refractive-index profile in the vertical direction outside the stripe.
SAFETY OF BRUCELLA ABORTUS STRAIN RB51 IN BULL ELK (2000)

Some of the elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) of the Greater Yellowstone Area (Wyoming, Idaho, Montana; USA) are infected with Brucella abortus, the bacterium that causes bovine brucellosis. Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is being considered as a means to control B. abortus induced abortions in cow elk. However, the most probable vaccination strategies for use in free-ranging elk might also result in some bull elk being inoculated, thus, it is important to insure that the vaccine is safe in these animals. In the winter of 1995, 10 free-ranging bull elk calves were captured, tested for B. abortus antibodies, and intramuscularly inoculated with 1.0 x 10(9) colony forming units (CFU) of B. abortus strain RB51. Blood was collected for hemoculture and serology every 2 wk after inoculation for 14 wk. Beginning 4 mo postinoculation and continuing until 10 mo postinoculation elk were serially euthanized, necropsied, and tissues collected for culture and histopathology. These elk cleared the organism from the blood within 6 wk and from all tissues within 10 mo. No lesions attributable to B. abortus were found grossly and only minimal to mild lymphoplasmacytic epididymitis was found in a few elk on histologic examination. In a separate study, six adult bull elk from Wind Cave National Park (South Dakota, USA) were taken to a ranch near Carrington (North Dakota, USA). Three were orally inoculated with approximately 1.0 x 10(10) CFU of RB51 and three were inoculated with corn syrup and saline. Ninety days post-inoculation semen was examined and cultured from these bulls. Strain RB51 was not cultured from their semen at that time. There were no palpable abnormalities in the genital tract and all elk produced viable sperm. Although they contain small sample sizes, these studies suggest that B. abortus strain RB51 is safe in bull elk.
Assessment of zebrafish embryo photomotor response sensitivity and phase‐specific patterns following acute‐ and long‐duration exposure to neurotoxic chemicals and chemical weapon precursors (2020)

Zebrafish are an attractive model for chemical screening due to their adaptability to high-throughput platforms and ability to display complex phenotypes in response to chemical exposure. The photomotor response (PMR) is an established and reproducible phenotype of the zebrafish embryo, observed 24 h post-fertilization in response to a predefined sequence of light stimuli. In an effort to evaluate the sensitivity and effectiveness of the zebrafish embryo PMR assay for toxicity screening, we analyzed chemicals known to cause both neurological effects and developmental abnormalities, following both short (1 h) and long (16 h+) duration exposures. These include chemicals that inhibit aerobic respiration (eg, cyanide), acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates pesticides) and several chemical weapon precursor compounds with variable toxicity profiles and poorly understood mechanisms of toxicity. We observed notable concentration-responsive, phase-specific effects in the PMR after exposure to chemicals with a known mechanism of action. Chemicals with a more general toxicity profile (toxic chemical weapon precursors) appeared to reduce all phases of the PMR without a notable phase-specific effect. Overall, 10 of 20 chemicals evaluated elicited an effect on the PMR response and eight of those 10 chemicals were picked up in both the short- and long-duration assays. In addition, the patterns of response uniquely differentiated chemical weapon precursor effects from those elicited by inhibitors of aerobic respiration and organophosphates. By providing a rapid screening test for neurobehavioral effects, the zebrafish PMR test could help identify potential mechanisms of action and target compounds for more detailed follow-on toxicological evaluations. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited.
Endothelin in Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction and Early Atherosclerosis in Humans (1995)

This study demonstrates that endothelin immunoreactivity is enhanced in the coronary and systemic circulation in humans with coronary endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, acetylcholine further increased coronary endothelin concentration in patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction and was associated with coronary vasoconstriction. These observations strongly support a role for endothelin as an early participant in and marker for coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans.
Development of a two-tap time-resolved CMOS lock-in pixel image sensor with high charge storability and low temporal noise (2017)

A high charge storability and low noise performance are both of the significant parameters for the high sensitivity time-resolved (TR) CMOS image sensors (CISs). To achieve these, we have developed the high performance TR lock-in pixel CIS embedded with two in-pixel storage-diodes (SDs). For fast charge transfer from photodiode (PD) to SDs, a lateral electric field charge modulator (LEFM) is used for the developed lock-in pixel. As a result, the time-resolved CIS achieves a very large SD-FWC of approximately 7ke-, low temporal noise of 1.2e-rms at 20fps with true correlated double sampling (CDS) operation, and fast intrinsic response less than 500ps at 635nm. The proposed TR imager has an effective pixel array of 128(H)×256(V) and a pixel size of 11.2×11.2μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The sensor chip is fabricated by Dongbu HiTek 1-poly 4-metal 0.11-μm CIS process technology.
&lt;i&gt;Impact of storage environment on the micro-climate and grain moisture in polypropylene storage bags &lt;/i&gt; (2020)

<b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> Polypropylene bags (100 kg capacity) are used by farmers in many African countries for handling, marketing and storage of grain. Though high postharvest losses have been reported in polypropylene bag storage systems, only few researches have reported the impact of warehouse environments on the microclimate and the quality of stored grain. This study investigated the effects of warehouse temperature and relative humidity at two locations (Ilorin, Nigeria and Lexington, KY, USA) on corn (initially at 10% and 14% moisture content wet basis, respectively) in polypropylene bags. A monitoring system having multiple data loggers placed under the roof and pallets, spaces between bags and inside selected bags provided the temperature and relative humidity profile within the warehouse and the micro-climate of selected bags from May 3 to Sep 9, 2019 at Ilorin and Dec 8 to Apr 8, 2020 at Lexington (four months). Temperature and relative humidity in the warehouse at Ilorin ranged between 23â31°C and, 60â82%, respectively, and from -1â20°C and, 39â95%, respectively, at Lexington. EMC of bagged corn was determined by the modified-Henderson equation and increased by 1.2% and 0.5% (wb), at Ilorin and Lexington, respectively. Insect damaged kernels in the Ilorin warehouse and percent weight loss ranged between 7 â 24% and 0.1 â 18% respectively after four months of storage. There was a significant difference in the number of insects present in bags at different layers of the stacks. The result indicated that grain stored in polypropylene bags was not protected from moisture ingress from the ambient air in the warehouses, as expected. Combined with warm temperatures, the micro-climate of bagged grain was conducive for insect growth at Ilorin, as expected.
Enabling SFN Transmissions in 5G Cloud-RAN Deployments (2019)

In this paper, an innovative Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture design to enable Single Frequency Network (SFN) functionality in 5G Networks is proposed. SFN transmissions impose several challenges and delay constraints in distribution networks. To overcome this, a new functionality is developed by inserting a new logical entity, Centralized Coordination Entity (CCE), inside Cloud-RAN architecture. By leveraging 3GPP Release 15 gNB split functionality, and extending eMBMS SYNC protocol this proposal has minimal imprint over 5G Networks and can support a wide range of SFN transmissions. This design fulfils the requirements for Vehicular and Mission Critical communications, Linear TV distribution or IoT, while overcoming existing limitations in Release 14 eMBMS. A complexity analysis of this solution in terms of imprint over 5G Architecture, latency and dimensionality is used to validate the proposal.
Pressing and Sintering of Titanium Powders (2015)

Abstract Consolidation of titanium powders at room temperature may be performed by low-cost conventional powder metallurgy processes. This article provides information on various consolidation methods, namely, die pressing, direct powder rolling, and cold isostatic pressing. It also describes the sintering of blended elemental powders, high-strength titanium alloys, and porous material as well as the sintering of titanium powders by microwave heating.
A vision-based fuzzy logic controller for backing-up an autonomous vehicle (2008)

This paper reports a real-time approach for backing-up car control, in which an image sensor and a fuzzy logic controller are utilized. In the system, a CCD camera is employed as an image sensor for detecting motions of a backing-up car. The fuzzy logic controller receives the motion information from the image sensor, and then generates the steering signal of the car to complete a closed-loop control system of backing-up an autonomous vehicle. The MATLAB/Simulink® are installed in a PC to execute the control action through a model car, driven by two electric motors. Both simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
The role of electron temperature in the leakage current in QCLs and its impact on the quantum efficiency (2014)

We have recently described a method to analyze the leakage current (J<sub>leak</sub>) in quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) for carriers scattering into higher minibands due to LO-phonon absorption. In his presentation we analyze J<sub>leak</sub> due to elastic scattering. We illustrate how at low temperature, when inelastic scattering is negligible, this current becomes significant for devices operating at high electron temperatures. Measuring J<sub>leak</sub> above threshold we are able to investigate the effect of electron temperature on the differential quantum efficiency. This procedure is supported by a self-consistent calculation of the rate equations based on a phenomenological scattering-rate model. We apply our approach and measure J<sub>leak</sub> above threshold as a function of electron temperature for a QCL emitting near 5.4 μm operated at a low duty cycle and a heat sink temperature of 80 K. This current is then modeled using a thermally activated, electron temperature-driven, scattering model based on intersubband interface roughness scattering. As a result, a reduction in the upper laser state population by ∼35% is estimated due to the effect of increased electron temperature. A decrease of the quantum efficiency of ∼80% is estimated for an electron temperature of 400 K.
Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry of Ruthenium-Modified Nucleic Acids:  Design of a Novel Metal-Binding Nucleoside (2000)

Electron transfer (ET) reactions through DNA have been the&#13;\nsubject of numerous investigations due to the implications for light-induced DNA damage and the quest for understanding long-range ET events in biological molecules. An important objective in this area continues to be the facile and site-specific incorporation of metal complexes into DNA. While recent work has focused on nucleobasic and nonnucleosidic sites for the attachment of high-potential complexes, our efforts have concentrated on the ribose ring (to minimize structural perturbations) as the incorporation&#13;\nsite for both high- and low-potential metal complexes.
Increasing Shoe Instep Improves Gait Dynamics in Patients with a Tibiotalar Arthrodesis (2006)

Degenerative osteoarthritis in subtalar and midtarsal joints occurring after tibiotalar arthrodesis may be related to biomechanical factors. For patients with tibiotalar arthrodesis walking with their everyday shoes, the ground reaction force is posterior at heel-off and the maximal foot-tibia dorsiflexion is at its upper limit. We hypothesized that increasing the instep of the shoes would improve these abnormalities. Three-dimensional gait analysis was done in nine patients with ankle arthrodesis fused in the neutral position and for 10 control subjects. Four conditions of walking were tested: barefoot, wearing everyday shoes, wearing everyday shoes with the instep increased by 1 cm, and wearing everyday shoes with the instep increased by 2 cm. In the arthrodesis group, the two modified delayed heel-off shoe conditions shifted the ground reaction force closer to the metatarsal heads at heel-off to a normal range, and reduced the maximal foot and tibia dorsiflexion angle. Based on these results, patients with a tibiotalar arthrodesis in the neutral sagittal position may be advised to choose shoes with an instep of approximately 25 mm.
Ultra-broadband optical parametric generation in periodically poled lithium niobate and stoichiometric lithium tantalate crystals (2008)

We report ultra-broad optical parametric gain spectra centered at near infrared in periodically poled congruent LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and stoichiometric LiTaO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> crystals, using group-velocity matching near the degeneracy point. They can be useful for ultra-fast pulse applications.
Reducing system cost with software modems (1997)

This article introduces software modem technology and the requirements it places upon CPUs. It also shows how the Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) RISC architecture is ideally suited to exploit the advantages of software modems. It also provides performance figures that illustrate the potential advantages to systems designers of an ARM-based software modem implementation.
Impact of Carrier-Phase Estimation on Noise Transductions for Optical Performance Monitoring (2019)

The impact of CPE the estimation linear and nonlinear noises is studied. Using previously reported second-order statistical metrics, CPE increases the maximum error from 0.16dB to 0.59dB whereas alternative metrics give 0.26dB independent of CPE.
Limitations of Noise Figure in InGaAsP Quantum-Well Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (2010)

We present the first quantitative investigation of noise figure degradation in InGaAsP quantum-well semiconductor optical amplifiers at high bias. We compare two experimental measurements of population inversion factor for a 1.5-μm slab-coupled optical-waveguide amplifier (SCOWA).
Spectral CT Algorithms (2013)

Spectral CT algorithms generally target two different tasks: On one hand, it is of interest to distinguish between two materials that yield the same range of CT numbers in a standard CT image. Two or more spectral CT measurement channels with distinct spectral weightings often yield an improved segmentation between the two materials, both in a visual assessment and in a computational segmentation algorithm. The separation of bone and blood mixed with iodine contrast media is a prominent clinical example. On the other hand, spectral CT data follow well-known physical attenuation rules. In many cases, the measurement process description can be inverted to yield quantitative material information, e.g., concentrations or atomic number information of the material constituents. In this chapter, we summarize the main algorithms dedicated to this target of spectral CT imaging.
First observation of the rareB+→D+K+π−decay (2016)

The ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay is observed in a data sample corresponding to $3.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The signal significance is $8\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and the branching fraction is measured to be $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(5.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.90\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and due to the normalization mode ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, respectively. The Dalitz plot appears to be dominated by broad structures. Angular distributions are exploited to search for quasi-two-body contributions from ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{2}^{*}(2460{)}^{0}{K}^{+}$ and ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$ decays. No significant signals are observed and upper limits are set on their branching fractions.