gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figures 1-6 from A High-Throughput Immune-Oncology Screen Identifies EGFR Inhibitors as Potent Enhancers of Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Tumor Cell Killing (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl. Fig. 1-6&lt;/p&gt;
Optimal Tight Frames and Quantum Measurement (2001)

Tight frames and rank-one quantum measurements are shown to be intimately related. In fact, the family of normalized tight frames for the space in which a quantum mechanical system lies is precisely the family of rank-one generalized quantum measurements (POVMs) on that space. Using this relationship, frame-theoretical analogues of various quantum-mechanical concepts and results are developed. The analogue of a least-squares quantum measurement is a tight frame that is closest in a least-squares sense to a given set of vectors. The least-squares tight frame is found for both the case in which the scaling of the frame is specified (constrained least-squares frame (CLSF)) and the case in which the scaling is free (unconstrained least-squares frame (ULSF)). The well-known canonical frame is shown to be proportional to the ULSF and to coincide with the CLSF with a certain scaling. Finally, the canonical frame vectors corresponding to a geometrically uniform vector set are shown to be geometrically uniform and to have the same symmetries as the original vector set.
Project Calico: Wearable Chemical Sensors for Environmental Monitoring (2020)

Environmental hazards often go unnoticed because they are invisible to the naked eye, posing risks to our health over time. Project Calico aims to raise awareness of these risks by augmenting everyday fashion with color-changing chemical sensors that can be observed at a glance or captured by a smartphone camera. Project Calico leverages existing cosmetic and fabrication processes to democratize environmental sensing, enabling creators to make their own accessories. We present two fashionable instantiations of Project Calico involving UV irradiation. EcoHair, created by hair treatment, is UV-sensitive hair that intensifies in color saturation depending on the UV intensity. EcoPatches, created by inkjet printing, can be worn as temporary tattoos that change their color to reflect cumulative UV exposure over time. We present findings from two focus groups regarding the Project Calico vision and gathered insights from their overall impressions and projected use patterns.
2DFQ (2016)

In many important cloud services, different tenants execute their requests in the thread pool of the same process, requiring fair sharing of resources. However, using fair queue schedulers to provide fairness in this context is difficult because of high execution concurrency, and because request costs are unknown and have high variance. Using fair schedulers like WFQ and WF²Q in such settings leads to bursty schedules, where large requests block small ones for long periods of time. In this paper, we propose Two-Dimensional Fair Queueing (2DFQ), which spreads requests of different costs across di erent threads and minimizes the impact of tenants with unpredictable requests. In evaluation on production workloads from Azure Storage, a large-scale cloud system at Microsoft, we show that 2DFQ reduces the burstiness of service by 1-2 orders of magnitude. On workloads where many large requests compete with small ones, 2DFQ improves 99th percentile latencies by up to 2 orders of magnitude.
Target gene identification of TGF-β-induced miR-455-3p and miR-21-3p in lung fibroblasts (2017)

<b>Background:</b>Fibroblasts play a crucial role in extracellular matrix formation in the lung and are regulated by TGF-β. We showed that TGF-β induces miR-455-3p and miR-21-3p in primary lung fibroblasts with lower miR-455-3p levels in COPD. <b>Aim:</b> To identify miR-455-3p and miR-21-3p target genes and their potential function in lung fibroblasts. <b>Methods:</b> The miRNA-targetomes of unstimulated and TGF-β-stimulated primary parenchymal lung fibroblasts (n=2) were identified using Ago2-IP followed by mRNA profiling. We tested for significant enrichment of the miR-455-3p and miR-21-3p predicted targets within the 1500 most enriched transcripts compared to all expressed genes in all four IP experiments. To define the TGF-β-dependent miRNA-target gene interactions, we compared the miRNA target gene lists of the unstimulated with the stimulated fibroblasts. <b>Results:</b> The predicted miR-455-3p and miR-21-3p targets were significantly enriched in the targetomes of unstimulated and stimulated lung fibroblasts (p&lt;0.0001). In both conditions, the TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways were enriched among these targets (p≤0.004). The miR-455-3p target genes <i>HN1</i>, <i>NGF</i>, <i>STRADB</i>, <i>DLD</i> and <i>ANO3</i> and the miR-21-3p target genes <i>HHEX</i>, <i>CHORDC1</i> and <i>ZBTB49</i> were more enriched after TGF-β stimulation. <b>Conclusion:</b> We defined the miRNA-targetomes of primary lung fibroblasts and identified miR-455-3p and miR-21-3p specific targets. Several targets related to the TGF-β and/or Wnt pathways (<i>NGF</i>, <i>DLD</i> and <i>HHEX</i>) had a more pronounced enrichment in the TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts. Thus miR-455-3p and miR-21-3p may influence lung fibroblast function by affecting the TGF-β pathway. This implies a possible role of these miRNAs in lung diseases like COPD.
Transformation in Bulk and Trace Organics during Ozonation of Wastewater (2012)

The aim of this paper is to determine the ozone dosages needed to oxidize bulk and trace organics. Treated effluent from eight full-scale wastewater treatment plants was collected and subjected to lab-scale ozonation. Because both organics and inorganics exert ozone demand, an approach was developed to calculate only the ozone demand associated with organics. This method allowed normalization of dosing parameters to correlate with removal of color, UV absorbance, plus oxidation of trace organics and nitrosamine precursors. We also showed that ozonation effectively reduces the fraction of organic matter characterized as “colloidal organic matter,” thereby reducing the potential for membrane fouling.
A study on the field distribution of thin-film heads (1992)

The field distribution of a thin-film inductive head and its relationship to pole configurations are examined. Three components of the field distribution at high frequencies are measured using a newly developed electron beam tomography method. Focused ion beam etching is used for the processing of the pole configuration. A comparison between the measured field distribution and the results of three-dimensional computer simulation shows that a sharp field distribution suitable for high-density recording is produced to promote magnetization at the tip region. Furthermore, the optimum design of the pole configuration clarifies the feasibility of 1- mu m track recording.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Non-linear dynamics of multimode semiconductor lasers: dispersion-based phase instability and route to single-frequency operation (2023)

Emission dynamics of a multimode broadband interband semiconductor laser have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Non-linear dynamics of a III-V semiconductor quantum well surface-emitting laser reveal the existence of a modulational instability, observed in the anomalous dispersion regime. An additional unstable region arises in the normal dispersion regime, owing to carrier dynamics, and has no analogy in systems with fast gain recovery. The interplay between cavity dispersion and phase sensitive non-linearities is shown to affect the character of laser emission with phase turbulence, leading to regular self-excited oscillations of mode intensity, self-mode locking, and single-frequency emission stabilized by spectral symmetry breaking. Such physical behavior is a general phenomenon for any laser with a slow gain medium relative to the round trip time, in the absence of spatial inhomogeneities.
Issues in modelling and control of intake flow in variable geometry turbocharged engines (2022)

This chapter considers one such situation when demands for increased engine power, improved fuel economy and drivability provide a rationale for utilizing a variable geometry turbocharger while emission regulations necessitate an external exhaust gas recirculation system. An automotive turbocharger consists of a compressor and a turbine coupled by a common shaft. The engine exhaust gas drives the turbine which drives the compressor which, in turn, compresses ambient air and directs it into intake manifold. Turbocharging also affects regulated engine emissions such as particulates (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). A turbocharger is typically sized to a particular engine so that it provides fast airflow response when the driver demands acceleration at low engine speeds. A control system for a diesel engine must meet driver torque demand while satisfying constraints on emissions.
Distributed Organization of Cooperative Antenna Systems (2007)

Cooperative antenna systems have become a hot research topic and promise significant performance gains w.r.t. throughput and capacity. For cellular mobile radio systems the so called service area concept (SA) - a multi user MIMO (MU-MIMO) approach - is very promising. Several adjacent base stations (BS) are tightly coupled over the backbone network. A joint transmission/joint detection (JT/JD) algorithm located in a central unit (CU) calculates a common weighting matrix for all BS of an SA allowing to serve several mobile stations (MS) simultaneously. This results in a real frequency reuse equal to 1 or near to 1. Normally it is assumed that the backbone provides the fast interconnection of the BS and the CU for calculation of the weighting matrix. The drawback of this solution is that this results in a hierarchical network structure which - while available in today's 2G or 3G networks with the radio network controller (RNC) - is something network planer want to get rid off for future enhancements like 3GPP UTRA long term evolution (LTE). Here instead of a hierarchical higher CU a de-centrally over the air organized distributed cooperative radio system is proposed, minimizing the requirements to the backbone network.
Exploring Word Class N-grams to Measure Language Development in Children (2013)

We present a set of new measures designed to reveal latent information of language use in children at the lexico-syntactic level. We used these metrics to analyze linguistic patterns in spontaneous narratives from children developing typically and children identified as having a language impairment. We observed significant differences in the z-scores of both populations for most of the metrics. These findings suggest we can use these metrics to aid in the task of language assessment in children.
A SiPM-based isotropic-3D PET detector X'tal cube with a three-dimensional array of 1 mm3crystals (2011)

We are developing a novel, general purpose isotropic-3D PET detector X'tal cube which has high spatial resolution in all three dimensions. The research challenge for this detector is implementing effective detection of scintillation photons by covering six faces of a segmented crystal block with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). In this paper, we developed the second prototype of the X'tal cube for a proof-of-concept. We aimed at realizing an ultimate detector with 1.0 mm(3) cubic crystals, in contrast to our previous development using 3.0 mm(3) cubic crystals. The crystal block was composed of a 16 × 16 × 16 array of lutetium gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (LGSO) crystals 0.993 × 0.993 × 0.993 mm(3) in size. The crystals were optically glued together without inserting any reflector inside and 96 multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs, S10931-50P, i.e. six faces each with a 4 × 4 array of MPPCs), each having a sensitive area of 3.0 × 3.0 mm(2), were optically coupled to the surfaces of the crystal block. Almost all 4096 crystals were identified through Anger-type calculation due to the finely adjusted reflector sheets inserted between the crystal block and light guides. The reflector sheets, which formed a belt of 0.5 mm width, were placed to cover half of the crystals of the second rows from the edges in order to improve identification performance of the crystals near the edges. Energy resolution of 12.7% was obtained at 511 keV with almost uniform light output for all crystal segments thanks to the effective detection of the scintillation photons.
Image-Guided Surgical Simulation in Minimally Invasive Liver Procedures: Development of a Liver Tumor Porcine Model Using a Multimodality Imaging Assessment (2021)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Image-guided liver surgery and interventions are growing as part of the current trend to translate liver procedures into minimally invasive approaches. Hands-on surgical training in such techniques is required. Consequently, a meaningful and realistic liver tumor model using multi-imaging modalities, such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), cone beam-CT (CBCT), is mandatory. The first aim of this study is to develop a novel tumor-mimic model and assess it with multi-imaging modalities. The second aim is to evaluate the usefulness of the model during image-guided liver procedures. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The tumor-mimic model is made of a composition of hydrogel, smashed muscle, and gadolinium contrast solution. Five <i>ex vivo</i> livers and three pigs were included in the study. Procedures were performed in an experimental hybrid operating room. Under general anesthesia, US guidance was required to inject the biotumor formula into the pig's liver. US, CT, CBCT, and MR acquisitions were then performed after the initial injection. <i>In vivo</i> models were then used to perform liver procedures, including US-guided biopsy, radiofrequency ablation, and laparoscopic resection. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The formula developed is easily injected generating a tissue-like material. Visualization using multi-imaging modalities was appropriate, thereby allowing to perform image-guided techniques. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A novel design of an <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> tissue-like tumor liver model is presented. Due to the multimodality imaging appraisal, it may provide a realistic and meaningful model allowing to perform image-guided liver procedures.
Trends and Prospects in UiO‐66 Metal‐Organic Framework for CO2 Capture, Separation, and Conversion (2021)

Among thousands of known metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the University of Oslo's MOF (UiO-66) exhibits unique structure topology, chemical and thermal stability, and intriguing tunable properties, that have gained incredible research interest. This paper summarizes the structural advancement of UiO-66 and its role in CO<sub>2</sub> capture, separation, and transformation into chemicals. The first part of the review summarizes the fast-growing literature related to the CO<sub>2</sub> capture reported by UiO-66 during the past ten years. The second part provides an overview of various advancements in UiO-66 membranes in CO<sub>2</sub> purification. The third part describes the role of UiO-66 and its composites as catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> conversion into useful products. Despite many achievements, significant challenges associated with UiO-66 are addressed, and future perspectives are comprehensively presented to forecast how UiO-66 might be used further for CO<sub>2</sub> management.
Synthetic images of blood microcirculation to assess precision of velocity profiles by a cross-correlation method (2008)

Optical cross-correlation methods have been used to study the motion of red blood cells (RBC) in the microcirculation. To evaluate the precision of such a method to determine RBC velocity profiles, we developped a computational model of the microscopy image formation. The following steps were undertaken: (1) a mechanical model was used to mimic three dimensional RBC movements in a tubular parabolic flow; (2) at each time step, a synthetic image was built using microscopic image formation equations based on the depth of correlation of RBCs; and (3) the velocity profile was extracted by a cross-correlation algorithm applied to these synthetic images. The estimated maximum velocities extracted from the simulated images were always smaller than velocities found by simulation. Relative errors (4% to 25%) depended on the vessel radius and on the shape of the velocity profile, but not on the hematocrit or on the maximum velocity.
Design Issues in Floating-Point Division (1994)

Floating-point division is generally regarded as a low frequency, high latency operation in typical floating-point applications. However, the increasing emphasis on high performance graphics and the industry-wide usage of performance benchmarks, such as SPECmarks, forces processor designers to pay close attention to all aspects of floating-point computation. This paper presents the algorithms often utilized for floating-point division, and it also presents implementation alternatives available for designers. Using a system level study as a basis, it is shown how typical floating-point applications can guide the designer in making implementation decisions and trade-offs.
Multivariable Prediction Model for Biochemical Response to First-Generation Somatostatin Receptor Ligands in Acromegaly (2020)

Baseline IGF-1 concentration was the best predictor of biochemical response to fg-SRL, followed by bodyweight, while younger patients were more likely to achieve nonresponse.
Chemical model studies for the mechanism of vitamin K epoxide reductase (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical model studies for the mechanism of vitamin K epoxide reductaseRichard B. SilvermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 19, 5939–5941Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00409a068Request reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (418 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular Staging of Prostate Cancer. III. Effects of Cystoscopy and Needle Biopsy on the Enhanced Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay (1997)

We conclude that cystoscopy has no clinically significant effect on the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. However, prostatic needle biopsy may cause a positive polymerase chain reaction for PSA in the immediate post-biopsy period.
Essential role of CCL21 in establishment of central self-tolerance in T cells (2017)

The chemokine receptor CCR7 directs T cell relocation into and within lymphoid organs, including the migration of developing thymocytes into the thymic medulla. However, how three functional CCR7 ligands in mouse, CCL19, CCL21Ser, and CCL21Leu, divide their roles in immune organs is unclear. By producing mice specifically deficient in CCL21Ser, we show that CCL21Ser is essential for the accumulation of positively selected thymocytes in the thymic medulla. CCL21Ser-deficient mice were impaired in the medullary deletion of self-reactive thymocytes and developed autoimmune dacryoadenitis. T cell accumulation in the lymph nodes was also defective. These results indicate a nonredundant role of CCL21Ser in the establishment of self-tolerance in T cells in the thymic medulla, and reveal a functional inequality among CCR7 ligands in vivo.
Oxygen Transport in High-k Metal Gate Stacks and Physical Characterization by SIMS Using Isotopic Labeled Oxygen (2010)

We review the different diffusion pathways for oxygen in high-k/metal gate (HK/MG) stacks and the impact on electric characteristics such as equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), leakage (Jg), and threshold voltage (Vt). We have investigated the distribution and migration of oxygen in HK/MG stacks at different stages of processing using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling, in combination with 18O isotope labeling. We demonstrate that use of isotope labeling is instrumental to detect low quantities of O and to follow exchange reactions between different O-sources in the HK/MG stack. We reveal that O-atoms can rapidly diffuse along grain boundaries in titanium nitride (TiN) electrodes at intermediate temperatures. This enables to control the O-distribution throughout the HK/MG stack and the related electrical device characteristics by engineering the chemical composition of the stack and/or by choosing the appropriate processing conditions.
Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Network Simulation Tool Development and Its Use Cases (2009)

In this work, we focus on the development of a simulation tool to assist in analysis of current and future (proposed) network architectures for NASA. Specifically, the Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Network is being architected as an integrated set of new assets and a federation of upgraded legacy systems. The SCaN architecture for the initial missions for returning humans to the moon and beyond will include the Space Network (SN) and the Near-Earth Network (NEN). In addition to SCaN, the initial mission scenario involves a Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), the International Space Station (ISS) and NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN). We call the tool being developed the SCaN Network Integration and Engineering (SCaN NIE (2) to optimize system configurations by testing a larger parameter space than may be feasible in either production networks or an emulated environment; (3) to test solutions in order to find issues/risks before committing more significant resources needed to produce real hardware or flight software systems. We describe two use cases of the tool: (1) standalone simulation of CEV to ISS baseline scenario to determine network performance, (2) participation in Distributed Simulation Integration Laboratory (DSIL) tests to perform function testing and verify interface and interoperability of geographically dispersed simulations/emulations.
A Model Of Low‐Temperature Water Transport For Hepatocyte Spheroidsa (1998)

Spheroids are multicellular aggregates that exhibit a more tissue-like morphology and function when compared to monolayer cultures of the same cells. Hepatocyte spheroids are presently under investigation for use of an artificial liver. The ability to cryopreserve hepatocyte spheroids is essential for their clinical and commercial application. A multicompartment model was formulated to predict water content as a function of temperature during freezing. The theoretical predictions of water transport indicate that there will be spatial differences in water content of the spheroid during freezing and that due to the rapid decrease in water transport with decreasing temperature, the undercooling of the intracellular solution during freezing will increase steadily. These results indicate that conventional freezing of hepatocyte spheroids will be difficult to accomplish due to transport limitations in the spheroids.