gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The optical constants of thin films calculated from reflectance and transmittance measurements (2009)

The optical constants including the refraction index n and extinguished coefficient k of the variety of materials are calculated from their reflection and transmittance measurements with measured wavelengths. We derive the reflectance and transmittance equations associated to the material film optical constants. The organic and inorganic materials used for optical recording medium materials are examined. The organic dyes show that significant optical constants vary with the laser wavelength, in comparison to the inorganic phase-change materials. This is an evidence to indicate the complicated bonding structure in the organic dyes within the measured wavelength ranges.
Polyacid‐modified composite (compomer) systems containing polymers of N‐vinylpyrrolidone (2001)

Abstract The objective of this work was to develop polyacid‐modified composite systems (compomers) suitable for dental restoratives in which high molecular weight hydrophilic (co)polymers containing variable amounts of N‐vinylpyrrolidone were incorporated in small amounts. It was expected that the added polymer would become part of a semi‐IPN (interpenetrating network) after the polymerizable components were cured. These systems could absorb water relatively rapidly at the early stages and thus provided good fluoride release. The effect of the addition of the high molecular hydrophilic polymers of varying compositions on the rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of the compomer systems was also investigated. The polymeric additive, significantly improved the rheological characteristics and without having any deleterious effect on the mechanical properties. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the compomers matched more closely with that of tooth structure when the N‐vinylpyrrolidone content of the polymeric additives was increased. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Effect of poly (3-hexylthiophene) film thickness on organic thin film transistor properties (2006)

We present the effect of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thickness on the performance of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The P3HT film thickness varies from 11to186nm. The devices have channel lengths of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80μm and a channel width of 500μm. The mobility and on/off ratio are up to 0.08cm2∕Vs and 7×103, respectively. The drain current and the mobility increase with thickness. At the same P3HT thickness, the drain current and mobility become higher when the channel length is reduced. The on/off ratio decreases quickly and then saturates for thickness &amp;gt;64nm. Short channel devices have higher on/off ratio than long channel devices. For short channel devices (5μm), the on/off ratio does not change significantly with thickness. The devices with shorter channel length and thicker P3HT films tend to have smaller threshold voltages. The threshold voltage saturates for long channel (20–80μm) devices, for films thicker than 110nm. The gate leakage (ID offset) is higher for thicker film devices. The performance dependence as a function of P3HT film thickness can be explained by the bulk conductance model and the SiO2 surface potential change. Our results suggest that the performance of P3HT OTFTs should be optimized based on the specific application.
Association of decreased expression of protein phosphatase 2A subunit PR55γ (PPP2R2C) with an increased risk of metastases and prostate cancer-specific mortality. (2012)

4669 Background: The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzyme complex negatively controls cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Down regulation of PP2A activity is associated with oncogenic transformation of papillomas and is a target for the small-T viral oncogene. The PR55γ (2R2C) subunit regulates PP2A target specificity, inhibiting c-Src activity in some cell lines. c-Src activity enhances growth and invasion in prostate cancer. This study evaluates whether PPP2R2C protein levels in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens were predictive for the development of metastases or prostate-cancer specific mortality (PCSM). Methods: From 1954-1997, 1004 consecutive patients underwent RP at Virginia Mason Medical Center in Seattle. Metastases were confirmed radiographically or by tissue diagnosis. Death certificates confirmed PCSM. Patients without stored tissue were excluded. 34 patients with metastases or PCSM were matched to patients without recurrence (NR) at a 1:2 ratio. Paraffin-embedded tissue was stained with anti-PPP2R2C monoclonal antibody, clone 6D1 (Abnova, Taiwan). A pathologist evaluated the percentage and intensity of nuclei stained using a 4-point scale. Statistical analysis was performed on SAS. Results: Mean follow up was 10.26 years. PPP2R2C was detected in 13/18 (72.2%) PCSM, 18/22 (81.8%) metastases and 45/49 (91.8%) NR patients. Mean expression was lower in cancerous vs benign glands, 1.74 vs 2.04 (p = 0.001). Expression intensity from PCSM vs NR was 1.45 vs 1.80 (p = 0.041). On multivariate analysis, expression was lower in metastases or PCSM versus NR 1.79 vs 2.35 (p = 0.002), independent of pre-op PSA and Gleason grade. Conclusions: PPP2R2C loss was highly correlated with metastasis and PCSM. Patients with the lowest levels of expression were at the highest risk for PCSM. As tissue was obtained at time of surgery, this analysis reflects a truly prognostic biomarker, independent of Gleason grade and PSA. We have shown that PPP2R2C scoring is a useful metric to identify patients at high risk of developing advanced disease. With further validation may allow for more accurate individual patient treatment plans and counseling.
Localization of Pancreastatin Immunoreactivity in Porcine Endocrine Cells* (1988)

Pancreastatin is a peptide isolated from the porcine pancreas and shown to inhibit insulin release. We have studied the immunocytochemical distribution of pancreastatin in three porcine endocrine tissues: pancreas, gut, and adenohypophysis. Pancreastatin-specific immunoreactivity was found in all three locations and distributed to numerous cells. In the pancreas, we performed the alternate labeling of consecutive thick (immunofluorescence) or thin (protein A-gold) sections and we observed that pancreastatin colocalizes to secretory granules of insulin and somatostatin-containing cells. The relationship of pancreastatin to chromogranin A is discussed.
Simulation of Fluid Power Components Using DSHplus and ADAMS (2001)

Abstract Efficiency improvement of an axial piston pump or motor is an important part in the design and development process. The behaviour of an axial piston pump or other displacement machines is a complex interaction between tribology of sliding contacts, pressure gradient in hydraulic volumes and dynamics and kinematics. Simulation programs are useful development tools to design these fluid power components on digital computers. At present all these programs are stand-alone tools and specialised to calculate a specific behaviour or effect of an axial piston pump or motor. To reproduce and to solve all this physical effects numerically in one program is impractical. Since the opportunity exists to couple standardised products, this is a promising approach. The paper presents a simulation approach of a displacement machine (axial piston pump in swash plate design) using two different kinds of simulation programs. The tribology, e.g. surface roughness, mixed lubrication and contact pressure, and the hydraulic, e.g. the computed pressure gradient and flows, are calculated numerically by means of DSHplus. The integration of all kind of forces and torque, e.g. mass moment of inertia and pressure forces, to solve the equation of motion is calculated with a multiple body simulation program, in this case ADAMS by Mechanical Dynamics. The flexible modelling of mechanical structures in ADAMS makes it possible to create various simulation models of motion, such as cylinders and valves. The mechanical simulation program is coupled with the hydraulic simulation program DSHplus. Both programs run simultaneously on PCs and exchange data in discrete simulation time intervals.
A Fine-Mapping Study of 7 Top Scoring Genes from a GWAS for Major Depressive Disorder (2012)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder that is characterized--amongst others--by persistent depressed mood, loss of interest and pleasure and psychomotor retardation. Environmental circumstances have proven to influence the aetiology of the disease, but MDD also has an estimated 40% heritability, probably with a polygenic background. In 2009, a genome wide association study (GWAS) was performed on the Dutch GAIN-MDD cohort. A non-synonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2522833 in the PCLO gene became only nominally significant after post-hoc analysis with an Australian cohort which used similar ascertainment. The absence of genome-wide significance may be caused by low SNP coverage of genes. To increase SNP coverage to 100% for common variants (m.a.f.>0.1, r(2)>0.8), we selected seven genes from the GAIN-MDD GWAS: PCLO, GZMK, ANPEP, AFAP1L1, ST3GAL6, FGF14 and PTK2B. We genotyped 349 SNPs and obtained the lowest P-value for rs2715147 in PCLO at P = 6.8E-7. We imputed, filling in missing genotypes, after which rs2715147 and rs2715148 showed the lowest P-value at P = 1.2E-6. When we created a haplotype of these SNPs together with the non-synonymous coding SNP rs2522833, the P-value decreased to P = 9.9E-7 but was not genome wide significant. Although our study did not identify a more strongly associated variant, the results for PCLO suggest that the causal variant is in high LD with rs2715147, rs2715148 and rs2522833.
The Role of Federal Research and Development in Advancing Energy Efficiency: A $50 Billion Contribution to the US Economy (1987)

Human interactions with wildlife are a defining experience of human existence. These interactions can be positive or negative. People compete with wildlife for food and resources, and have eradicated dangerous species; co-opted and domesticated valuable ...Read More
High-resolution strain mapping in heteroepitaxial thin-film features (2005)

Heteroepitaxial thin-film features that are lattice matched to the underlying substrate undergo elastic relaxation at the free edges of the feature. To characterize the degree of elastic relaxation, we employed synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction techniques to map the change in lattice spacing in the thin film at a submicron resolution. Measurements were conducted on 0.24-μm thick, heteroepitaxially grown SiGe strips of various widths on Si (001). A comparison of the SiGe diffraction peak positions across the features provides a real-space mapping of the extent of elastic relaxation as a function of linewidth. The resultant in-plane normal film stress measurements were compared to calculated values from several elastic mechanical models to assess their validity in predicting stress distributions within the features.
Direct method for cobalt-carbon bond formation in cobalt(III)-containing cobalamins and cobaloximes. Further support for cobalt(III) .pi. complexes in coenzyme B12 dependent rearrangements (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect method for cobalt-carbon bond formation in cobalt(III)-containing cobalamins and cobaloximes. Further support for cobalt(III) .pi. complexes in coenzyme B12 dependent rearrangementsRichard B. Silverman and D. DolphinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 5, 1686–1688Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00786a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00786a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX CHEMISTRY OF REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. XLIV. DIMETHYLCARBENE AND ACETONE AZINE COMPLEXES FROM 2‐DIAZOPROPANE (1984)

Abstract Die Reaktion des photolytisch dargestellten Mn‐Lösungsmittel‐Komplexes (I) in THF mit frisch dargestelltem Diazopropan (II) liefert neben dem bereits bekannten Carbenkomplex (III) den neuen Acetonazin‐Komplex (IV), der durch IR‐ und 1 H‐NMR‐Daten sowie eine Kristallstrukturanalyse (RG P2 1 /a, Z=4) charakterisiert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Bisaminoethanethiols and Their Pyrrole Conjugates. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mechanistic Insight into Surface-Initiated Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene via ATRP from Ordered Mesoporous Silica Particles (2009)

Hybrid materials were synthesized by grafting polymer chains from the surface of ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) particles via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI−ATRP) of methyl methacrylate or styrene. Various types of OMS particles were used as substrates: micrometric particles with ill-defined shape and varying mesopore diameters (9−14 nm), submicrometric polydisperse spherical OMS particles, and monodisperse core−shell particles composed of a dense silica core and an OMS shell, the latter two materials exhibiting ordered mesopores (diameter 2.5 nm) with radial orientation. This work proposes a systematic investigation of the molar mass, molar mass distribution and chain-end structure of both the grafted chains grown from the silica surface and the free chains produced in solution from an additional free initiator. The polymerizations of methyl methacrylate and styrene were perfectly controlled in the homogeneous medium via the ATRP mechanism whereas the study of the grafted chains highlighted the formation of a large fraction of dead species together with the expected population of living chains. The influence of the polymerization conditions and of the OMS particle structure on the occurrence of the extensive termination reactions was studied and discussed.
Workers and Their Culture in Comparative Perspective (1984)

by the Johns Hopkins University history department, it was one in a series of German-American conferences sponsored by the Volkswagen Foundation during the tricentennial
Fully reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexing subsystem on a chip (2004)

We propose a single-chip-based module that provides the entire switching/monitoring/equalizing/shuffling functionality needed in 8-channel fully reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers. This subsystem on a chip includes an array of switches for adding/dropping individual channels, optical power taps and integrated photodetectors for power monitoring, variable optical attenuators for channel power equalization, and optical cross-connects for channel shuffling at the add and drop ports for full wavelength agility. The chip is based on a polymer-on-silicon platform that allows hybrid integration of passive and active elements. Waveguiding circuitry is built in an optical polymer, and it includes thermo-optic switches, variable optical attenuators, and power taps. Out-of-plane coupling mirrors are formed by ablation of 45&deg; slopes in the polymer waveguides with an Excimer laser, followed by metalization. A self-aligning flipchip process is used to mount photodetector arrays on top of mirrors fabricated in tap waveguides for power monitoring. The worst-case fiber-to-fiber insertion loss for the proposed module, between 1528 and 1610 nm wavelength, is 1.2 dB from Input to Output (Express), including 4% tapped power, and 1.2 dB from Input to Drop and from Add to Output (4.1 dB with 8×8 shuffle cross-connects). The polarization dependent loss for any path is under 0.2 dB, and the polarization mode dispersion is under 0.05 ps. The channel-to-channel crosstalk is 50 dB, the switch extinction is 45 dB, and the return loss is 50 dB.
Initial Assessment of Compliance of Texas Roadside Safety Hardware with Proposed Update to NCHRP Report 350 (2007)

Guidelines for testing and evaluating the impact performance of roadside safety features are periodically updated to stay current with improvements in technology and changes in the vehicle fleet and impact conditions. NCHRP Report 350, which contains current recommendations for testing and evaluating roadside safety devices, was published in 1993. Research to develop an update to NCHRP Report 350 (Update) has recently been completed under NCHRP Project 22-14(02). Changes being proposed as part of the new guidelines include new design test vehicles, revised test matrices, and revised impact conditions. These changes will likely necessitate the re-evaluation of the impact performance of some existing roadside features. Under this project, researchers performed an initial assessment regarding the ability of Texas roadside safety hardware to comply with the Update. The impact performance assessment was based on crash test results, engineering analyses, and engineering judgment. Categories of roadside appurtenances evaluated include guard fence, median bariers, bridge rails, precast work zone barriers, breakaway sign supports, and work zone traffic control devices. Proprietary devices such as crash cushions and guardrail end treatments were not considered. The results of the performance assessment were used to prioritize additional testing and evaluation required to bring Texas roadside safety features into compliance with the new impact performance guidelines. This prioritization of hardware will help ensure efficient use of resources and provide a relatively seamless transition to the Update.
A unified framework of the automated lane centering/changing control for motion smoothness adaptation (2012)

This paper describes an automated lane centering/changing control algorithm that was developed at General Motors Research and Development. Over the past few decades, there have been numerous studies in the autonomous vehicle motion control. These studies typically focused on improving the control accuracy of the autonomous driving vehicles. In addition to the control accuracy, driver/passenger comfort is also an important performance measure of the system. As an extension of authors' prior study, this paper further considers vehicle motion control to provide driver/passenger comfort based on the adjustment of the lane change maneuvering time in various traffic situations. While defining the driver/passenger comfort level is a human factor study topic, this paper proposes a framework to integrate the motion smoothness into the existing lane centering/changing control problem. The proposed algorithm is capable of providing smooth and aggressive lane change maneuvers according to traffic situation and driver preference. Several simulation results as well as on-road vehicle test results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Recent insights into oceanic dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis and catabolism (2022)

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a globally important organosulfur compound is produced in prodigious amounts (2.0 Pg sulfur) annually in the marine environment by phytoplankton, macroalgae, heterotrophic bacteria, some corals and certain higher plants. It is an important marine osmolyte and a major precursor molecule for the production of climate-active volatile gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSP synthesis take place via three pathways: a transamination 'pathway-' in some marine bacteria and algae, a Met-methylation 'pathway-' in angiosperms and bacteria and a decarboxylation 'pathway-' in the dinoflagellate, Crypthecodinium. The enzymes DSYB and TpMMT are involved in the DMSP biosynthesis in eukaryotes while marine heterotrophic bacteria engage key enzymes such as DsyB and MmtN. Several marine bacterial communities import DMSP and degrade it via cleavage or demethylation pathways or oxidation pathway, thereby generating DMS, methanethiol, and dimethylsulfoxonium propionate, respectively. DMSP is cleaved through diverse DMSP lyase enzymes in bacteria and via Alma1 enzyme in phytoplankton. The demethylation pathway involves four different enzymes, namely DmdA, DmdB, DmdC and DmdD/AcuH. However, enzymes involved in the oxidation pathway have not been yet identified. We reviewed the recent advances on the synthesis and catabolism of DMSP and enzymes that are involved in these processes.
Cytotoxic alkyl-quinolones mediate surface-induced virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2020)

Surface attachment, an early step in the colonization of multiple host environments, activates the virulence of the human pathogen P. aeruginosa. However, the downstream toxins that mediate surface-dependent P. aeruginosa virulence remain unclear, as do the signaling pathways that lead to their activation. Here, we demonstrate that alkyl-quinolone (AQ) secondary metabolites are rapidly induced upon surface association and act directly on host cells to cause cytotoxicity. Surface-induced AQ cytotoxicity is independent of other AQ functions like quorum sensing or PQS-specific activities like iron sequestration. We further show that packaging of AQs in outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) increases their cytotoxicity to host cells but not their ability to stimulate downstream quorum sensing pathways in bacteria. OMVs lacking AQs are significantly less cytotoxic, suggesting these molecules play a role in OMV cytotoxicity, in addition to their previously characterized role in OMV biogenesis. AQ reporters also enabled us to dissect the signal transduction pathways downstream of the two known regulators of surface-dependent virulence, the quorum sensing receptor, LasR, and the putative mechanosensor, PilY1. Specifically, we show that PilY1 regulates surface-induced AQ production by repressing the AlgR-AlgZ two-component system. AlgR then induces RhlR, which can induce the AQ biosynthesis operon under specific conditions. These findings collectively suggest that the induction of AQs upon surface association is both necessary and sufficient to explain surface-induced P. aeruginosa virulence.