gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stay on the Beat With Tensor-Valued Encoding: Time-Dependent Diffusion and Cell Size Estimation in ex vivo Heart (2022)

Diffusion encoding with free gradient waveforms can provide increased microstructural specificity in heterogeneous tissues compared to conventional encoding approaches. This is achieved by considering specific aspects of encoding, such as b-tensor shape, sensitivity to bulk motion and to time-dependent diffusion (TDD). In tensor-valued encoding, different b-tensor shapes are used, such as in linear tensor encoding (LTE) or spherical tensor encoding (STE). STE can be employed for estimation of mean diffusivity (MD) or in combination with LTE to probe average microscopic anisotropy unconfounded by orientation dispersion. While tensor-valued encoding has been successfully applied in the brain and other organs, its potential and limitations have not yet been fully explored in cardiac applications. To avoid artefacts due to motion, which are particularly challenging in cardiac imaging, arbitrary b-tensors can be designed with motion compensation, i.e. gradient moment nulling, while also nulling the adverse effects of concomitant gradients. Encoding waveforms with varying degrees of motion compensation may however have significantly different sensitivities to TDD. This effect can be prominent in tissues with relatively large cell sizes such as in the heart and can be used advantageously to provide further tissue information. To account for TDD in tensor-valued encoding, the interplay between asynchronous gradients simultaneously applied along different directions needs to be considered. As the first step toward in vivo cardiac applications, our overarching goal was to explore the feasibility of acceleration compensated tensor-valued encoding on preclinical and clinical scanners ex vivo . We have demonstrated strong and predictable variation of MD due to TDD in mouse and pig hearts using a wide range of LTE and STE with progressively increasing degrees of motion compensation. Our preliminary data from acceleration compensated STE and LTE at high b-values, attainable on the preclinical scanner, indicate that TDD needs to be considered in experiments with varying b-tensor shapes. We have presented a novel theoretical framework, which enables cell size estimation, helps to elucidate limitations and provides a basis for further optimizations of experiments probing both mean diffusivity and microscopic anisotropy in the heart.
Preparation of heparin-like surfaces by introducing sulfate and carboxylate groups on poly(ethylene) using an argon plasma treatment (1998)

Carboxylate and sulfate groups were introduced at the surface of poly(ethylene) (PE) samples. This was accomplished by coating and immobilizing sodium 10-undecenoate (C11(:)) and 10-undecene sulfate (S11(:)) on the polymer by means of an argon plasma treatment. The composition of the coated surfactant layer was proportional to the composition of the coating solution. The thickness of the surfactant layer on the surface of PE samples, which were precoated from an aqueous solution with a total surfactant concentration of 0.30 M, was about 55 A. The presence of carboxylate and sulfate groups after plasma treatment of the precoated surfaces was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). About 20% of the initial amount of functional groups of the coated surfactants was retained at the PE surface. The ratio of carboxylate/sulfate groups at the plasma treated surfaces was dependent on the composition of the precoated surfaces. The minimum surface density of these groups on the resulting samples was about one group per 40 A2.
Successful Surfactant Replacement Therapy in Two Infants with ARDS due to Chlamydial Pneumonia (1994)

We report two cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treated successfully with repeated doses of a bovine natural surfactant (Survanta). Two former premature infants developed severe respiratory failure as a consequence of a chlamydial pneumonia at the age of 3 or 12 weeks, respectively. As both patients were threatened by hypoxia in spite of mechanical ventilation with maximal pressures using 100% O2 and as the X-rays were compatible with the diagnosis of ARDS, we decided to perform rescue surfactant treatment. Following surfactant instillation, marked improvement in oxygenation and ventilatory requirements was observed. Within 2 h after surfactant replacement, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased from 52 to 84 (case 1) and from 35 to 94 (case 2), and the peak inspiratory pressure could be reduced from 47 to 40 cm H2O and from 35 to 28 cm H2O, respectively. Both infants received a second surfactant dose about 10 h after the initial treatment and survived without developing chronic lung disease.
Science at Liberal Arts Colleges: A Better Education? (2017)

IT was the summer of 1970. Carol and I had spent four years at Grinnell College, located in the somnolent farming com munity of Grinnell, Iowa. Now, newly married, we drove westward, where we would enter the graduate program in chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. How would our liberal arts education serve us in the Ph.D. program of one of the world's great research universities? As we met our new classmates, one of our preconceptions quickly dissipated: Ber keley graduate students were not only university graduates. They also hailed from a diverse collection of colleges?many of them less known than Grinnell. And as we took our qualifying examinations and struggled with quantum mechanics problem sets, any residual apprehension about the quality of our under graduate training evaporated. Through some combination of what our professors had taught us and our own hard work, we were well prepared for science at the research university level. I have used this personal anecdote to draw the reader's interest, but not only to that end; it is also a truth in advertis ing disclaimer. I am a confessed enthusiast and supporter of the small, selective liberal arts colleges. My pulse quickens when I see students from Carleton, Haverford, and Williams who have applied to our Ph.D. program. I serve on the board of trustees of Grinnell College. On the other hand, I teach undergraduates both in the classroom and in my research labo ratory at the University of Colorado, so I also have personal experience with science education at a research university.
A Case Study of Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) Causing Ocular Myiasis in a Western Hognose Snake (2011)

Late instar larvae of the scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris Loew, were found near the right eye of a live captive-reared western hognose snake, Heterodon nasicus Baird and Girard. Dissection and removal of the snake's dorsal cranial bones revealed tissue degradation of the infected eye, the optic nerve, and the brain case; we suggest that these factors contributed to the death of this snake. This case study further demonstrates the opportunistic behavior of M. scalaris.
Biodegradable Polymers Derived from Amino Acids for Biological Applications (2010)

Optically active α-hydroxy acids derived from amino acids have been synthesized and polymerized into new biodegradable polyesters. The variety of functional side chains enables the design of positively charged, negatively charged, hydrophobic and hydrophilic chiral building blocks or any combination of these constituents. Hydroxy acids of 15 natural amino acids were prepared with retention of configuration using a straightforward and reliable method of diazotization of α-amino acids. Polyesters were synthesized from these hydroxy acids by a number of methods: direct condensation in bulk, microwave assisted synthesis and ring opening polymerization. The molecular weight of the prepared polymers ranges between 2000 to 5000Da for the direct condensation and the microwave methods, whereas the ring opening polymerization results in high molecular weight polymers (20000 to 30000Da). The polymers were analyzed for their optical activity (Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy), thermal properties (DSC), solubility, molecular weight and polydispersity (GPC), and aqueous degradation. These polymers were tested for their compatibility to neuronal cells growth and differentiation.
Nanosuspension Formulations for Low-Soluble Drugs: Pharmacokinetic Evaluation Using Spironolactone as Model Compound (2005)

Various particle sizes of spironolactone as a model low solubility drug were formulated to yield micro-and nanosuspensions of the type solid lipid nanoparticles and DissoCubes. Seven oral and one i.v. formulations were tested in an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats with the aim of characterizing the bioavailability of spironolactone on the basis of its metabolites canrenone and 7-alpha-thiomethylspirolactone. In addition, a dose escalation study was carried out using nonmicronized spironolactone suspension as well as a nanosuspension type DissoCubes. On the basis of AUC as well as Cmax ratios, three groups of formulations were distinguished. The biggest improvement was seen with a solid lipid nanoparticle formulation yielding a 5.7-fold increase in AUC for canrenone and a similar improvement based on the Cmax metric, followed by a group of three formulations containing nanosized, micronized, and coarse drug material and surfactant. The DissoCubes nanosuspension yielded highly significant improvements in bioavailability averaging 3.3-fold in AUC and 3.0-fold in terms of Cmax for canrenone. The third class encompasses all other formulations, which showed very little to no improvement in bioavailability. The results show that the particle size minimization was not the major determining factor in the bioavailability improvement. Rather, the type of surfactant used as stabilizer in the formulations was of greater importance. Improvement in drug solubility in the intestine as well as in dissolution rate of spironolactone are the most likely mechanisms responsible for the observed effect, although additional mechanisms such as permeability enhancement may also be involved.
Cytogenetic and testicular histological alterations induced by sulphur dioxide in dried apricot leather (2021)

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is used as a preservative in food to prevent its discolouration, and to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Little data is available concerning its in vivo hazardous impact.The present study is therefore designed to examine the cyto-genotoxic potential and the testicular histological alterations in adult mice, induced by SO2 present in the dried apricot leather used to prepare the oriental drink Qamar Al-Deen. Two different forms of drinks were tested; cold and boiled drinks. Animals were placed into 4 groups. The first group received distilled water as a negative control.The second and third groups received orally the drink for 28 days in the form of a cold and a boiled drink, respectively. Animals of the fourth group received cyclophosphamide, they were used as a positive control for cyto-genotoxic tests. The chromosomal aberrations, as well as sperm abnormalities, were significantly elevated in animals that received the two different drink preparations. The mitotic index significantly decreased in comparison with negative and positive controls. Furthermore, histological examination showed different degrees of alterations in the testis. Our results suggest that the presence of SO2 inside the apricot leather might be responsible for these changes. Thus, these remarkable hazardous effects of SO2 on male albino mice could be used as a potential guide for the prediction of its human health impact. Furthermore, consumers could be advised to prevent excessive consumption of the drink (Qamar Al-Deen) prepared from dried apricot leather.
Multispectral glass transparent from visible to thermal infrared (2014)

The thermal imaging market has experienced a strong growth during the recent years due to continued cost reduction of night vision devices. The development of uncooled focal plane detector arrays is the major reason for the cost reduction. Another reason is the continuous improvement of the optical solution. In this paper, we present a new multispectral material which responds to the increasing demand for optics operating simultaneously in the visible/SWIR (Short Wave InfraRed) and the thermal infrared region. The most important properties of some glasses from the GeS2-Ga2S3- CsCl system are highlighted in this study. A stable composition 15Ga<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-75GeS<sub>2</sub>-10CsCl allowed the synthesis of a large glass without crystallization. The refractive index of this glass was precisely measured from 0.6 to 10.4μm by using the Littrow method. The chromatic dispersion was then calculated and compared with other multispectral materials.
Effects of Film-Substrate Interaction on Ultrafast Dynamics in the Photo-Induced Phase Transition in Vanadium Dioxide (2016)

Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy shows that the photo-induced monoclinic-to-rutile phase transformation in vanadium dioxide thin films occurs in 40±0.5 ps independent of nanograin morphology, because substrate-induced strain leads to common families of grain orientations.
Association of C-reactive Protein with Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the Japanese Population. (2022)

Suggestive evidence was found only in analysis of congestive heart failure; therefore, further studies are necessary. Furthermore, no causal association was found between CRP and the other three cardiovascular outcomes.
Study on a flow control system with an array of sensors and actuators (2000)

A smartskin, which is composed of an array of electromagnetic flap actuators and hotwire shear stress sensors, is fabricated in order to control the air flow around outer surface of a cylinder. A flap actuator is made of polyimide film with coil pattern of copper, and its size is 2.5mm×5mm. A hotwire sensor is made of tungsten wire of 10μm diameter and 1.8mm length. Our smartskin is fixed on the one side of the cylinder of 90mm diameter. In a wind tunnel test, at Re=26000,the drag force and the shear stress around the cylinder are measured. We achieved maximum drag reduction rate, 17%, when an array of flap actuators is driven in front of separation point of cylinder.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL(II)‐ D KUP MNOCYCLISCHEN UND POLYCYCLISCHEN LIGANDEN, DIE SICH VON DER CYCLOTETRAMEREN SCHIFFSCHEN BASE DES O‐AMINOBENZALDEHYDS ABLEITEN (1971)

Abstract Die Ni‐Komplexionen (Ia) reagieren mit Nucleophilen wie Aminen und Diaminen und der Cu‐Komplex (Ib) mit Dimethylamin zu Neutralkomplexen, bei denen an die C‐Atome von zwei Azomethingruppen zwei ionisierte geminale Amindonatoren addiert werden.
Real-time photo-realistic 3D mapping for micro aerial vehicles (2011)

In this paper, we proposed a method to recognize complex human daily activities including body activities and hand gestures simultaneously in an indoor environment. Three wearable motion sensors are attached to the right thigh, the waist, and the right hand of a person, while an optical motion capture system is used to obtain his/her location information. A three-level dynamic Bayesian network is implemented to model the intra-temporal and inter-temporal constraints among the location, body activity and hand gesture. The body activity and hand gesture are estimated using a Bayesian filter and the short-time Viterbi algorithm, which reduces the storage memory and the computational complexity. We conducted experiments in a mock apartment environment and the obtained results showed the effectiveness and accuracy of our algorithms.
Coordinated beamforming for the multicell multi-antenna wireless system (2010)

In a conventional wireless cellular system, signal processing is performed on a per-cell basis; out-of-cell interference is treated as background noise. This paper considers the benefit of coordinating base-stations across multiple cells in a multi-antenna beamforming system, where multiple base-stations may jointly optimize their respective beamformers to improve the overall system performance. Consider a multicell downlink scenario where base-stations are equipped with multiple transmit antennas employing either linear beamforming or nonlinear dirty-paper coding, and where remote users are equipped with a single antenna each, but where multiple remote users may be active simultaneously in each cell. This paper focuses on the design criteria of minimizing either the total weighted transmitted power or the maximum per-antenna power across the base-stations subject to signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) constraints at the remote users. The main contribution of the paper is an efficient algorithm for finding the joint globally optimal beamformers across all base-stations. The proposed algorithm is based on a generalization of uplink-downlink duality to the multicell setting using the Lagrangian duality theory. An important feature is that it naturally leads to a distributed implementation in time-division duplex (TDD) systems. Simulation results suggest that coordinating the beamforming vectors alone already provide appreciable performance improvements as compared to the conventional per-cell optimized network.
High-temperature electro-optical degradation of DC-Aged InGaN based high power GaN LEDs (2009)

In this study, we have investigated the high-temperature electro-optical degradation of DC-Aged InGaN based high power GaN LEDs. For this purpose, we fabricated large size blue InGaN/GaN LED chips (1mm×1mm) by using standard LED fabrication processes, where the ITO and Cr/Au served as p-type ohmic contact and n-ohmic contact layer, respectively.
High Speed 2-D Photodetector Array for Space and Mode-Division Multiplexing Fiber Communications (2018)

We report a high-data-rate two-dimensional photodetector array (2D-PDA) operated over 10 GHz for compact receiver systems in multicore fiber (MCF), few-mode fiber (FMF), and FMF-MCF, which can be directly coupled to multiparallel beams from the MCF and FMF. The 2D-PDA (pixel size of 20-30 μm, pixel number of 32) were designed and characterized for the frequency response and crosstalk. In the on-wafer probing test, the averaged 3-dB bandwidth of 11.2 GHz and 19.8 GHz were measured for 30-μm and 20-μm pixels, respectively. In the MCF direct-coupling demonstration with the 2D-PDA, the selected 16 pixels could work well at 25 Gb/s (nonreturn-to-zero: NRZ). By using triangular-shape-aligned seven-core fiber and the square-shape-aligned seven cores in the 2D-PDA, the coupling efficiency and alignment tolerance were investigated for the universal MCF photoreceiver. In the demonstration of the mode-division multiplexing signal detection with 2D-PDA, the multiplexed three-mode signal with 20-Gbps quadrature phase-shift keying was directly coupled to the 2D-PDA. Through the electrical phase matching system with the multiple-input multiple-output function, the three-mode signal (20 Gbps in each mode) could be successfully detected and separated error-free.
The Importance of Water for Purification of Longer Carbon Nanotubes for Nanocomposite Applications (2022)

Ultralong carbon nanotubes (UCNTs) are highly demanded for nanocomposites applications because of their magnificent physical and chemical properties. UCNTs are synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method and, before using as fillers in nanocomposites, should be purified from residual catalyst and non-CNT particles without significant destruction or scissoring of UCNTs. The role of water vapor for purification of UCNTs is investigated, the importance of water assistance in this process is confirmed. It was shown that wet air treatment of products of UCNTs CCVD synthesis under mild conditions can be used to decrease sufficiently residual catalyst content without significant carbon losses in comparison with the results obtained with dry air, while the residual iron content was shown to influence heavily on the subsequent oxidation of different forms of carbons, including UCNTs. The increasing of D/G ratio of Raman spectra after wet air treatment of products of UCNTs CCVD synthesis makes it possible to conclude that iron catalyst particles transform into iron oxides and hydroxides that caused inner structural strains and destruction of carbon shells improving removal of the catalyst particles by subsequent acid treatment. UCNTs purification with water assistance can be used to develop economically and ecologically friendly methods for obtaining fillers for nanocomposites of different applications.
Coherent transfer over 1.1 spectral octave with a fiber frequency comb (2011)

Highly coherent optical frequency combs have applications ranging from broadband spectroscopy with high sensitivity and accuracy [1], to the spectral dissemination of optical frequency references [2], where coherently linking the visible spectrum to the telecom band is important for the development of novel ultra-stable lasers in the 1.5 µm spectral region as well as long-haul optical carrier transfer [3]. In this contribution, we report on coherent transfer over more than one spectral octave with a Yb-fiber frequency comb. This represents the largest spectral gap directly spanned between two ultra-stable lasers by a frequency comb to date.
Shape effect in active targeting of nanoparticles to inflamed cerebral endothelium under static and flow conditions (2019)

Endothelial cells represent the first biological barrier for compounds, including nanoparticles, administered via the intravascular route. In the case of ischemic stroke and other vascular diseases, the endothelium overexpresses specific markers, which can be used as molecular targets to facilitate drug delivery and imaging. However, targeting these markers can be quite challenging due to the presence of blood flow and the associated hydrodynamic forces, reducing the likelihood of adhesion to the vessel wall. To overcome these challenges, various parameters including size, shape, charge or ligand coating have been explored to increase the targeting efficiency. Geometric shape can modulate nanoparticle binding to the cell, especially by counteracting part of the hydrodynamic forces of the bloodstream encountered by the classical spherical shape. In this study, the binding affinity of polystyrene nanoparticles with two different shapes, spherical and rod-shaped, were compared. First, vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was evaluated as a vascular target of inflammation, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. To evaluate the effect of nanoparticle shape on particle adhesion, nanoparticles were coated with anti-VCAM-1 and tested under static conditions in cell culture dishes coated with cerebral microvasculature cells (bEnd.3) and under dynamic flow conditions in microfluidic channels lined with hCMEC/D3 cells. Effect of particle shape on accumulation was also assessed in two in vivo models including systemic inflammation and local brain inflammation. The elongated rod-shaped particles demonstrated greater binding ability in vitro, reaching a 2.5-fold increase in the accumulation for static cultures and 1.5-fold for flow conditions. Anti-VCAM-1 coated rods exhibited a 3.5-fold increase in the brain accumulation compared to control rods. These results suggest shape offers a useful parameter in future design of drug delivery nanosystems or contrast agents for neurovascular pathologies.
Pituitary adenomas in young patients: when should we consider a genetic predisposition? (2009)

peer reviewed