gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐C‐141‐04: Robustness of 4DCT and 4DCBCT Object Volume Measurement with a Motion‐Capable Lung Phantom That Mimics Realistic Patient Tumor Trajectories (2013)

Purpose: Accurate volume estimation for time‐resolved fan‐beam CT (4DCT) and cone‐beam CT (4DCBCT) is critical to planning and verification of many motion‐sensitive radiotherapy applications, including stereotactic lung radiotherapy. We used a 4D torso phantom to acquire realistic respiratory images with 4DCT and 4DCBCT, and compared object size estimation of the two modalities. Methods: A torso phantom consisting of a water‐filled sphere surrounded by foam pellets was driven by a motion device capable of reproducing patient respiratory traces. Ten typical respiratory traces were imaged along with static and sinusoidal cases with clinically‐relevant 4DCT and 4DCBCT techniques. 4DCT images were reconstructed in ten phases at 512×512×104 voxels and 0.977×0.977×2.50 mm 3 /voxel (GE Advantage). 4DCBCT images were reconstructed in ten phases at 128×205×205 voxels and 2.00×2.00×2.00 mm 3 /voxel (Elekta XVI). Objects were contoured in MIM 5.6.3 using threshold segmentation and volumes compared between image phases. Results: Reference object size was 7.03 mL and 7.01 mL for the static CT and CBCT acquisitions, respectively. When averaged over all phases, 4DCT volume was 6.78+/−0.72 mL; however, variation between phases was large and significant in Kruskal‐Wallis rank‐sum tests (2.68‐‐10.96 mL, p&lt;0.001). 4DCBCT showed reduced accuracy of object volume estimation relative to the static case and 4DCT in paired sign‐rank tests (μ =9.08+/−0.07 mL, p&lt;0.001); however, 4DCBCT greatly improved consistency of estimation, as no significant differences were detected between phases (8.47‐‐9.10 mL, p=0.4). Conclusion: Variation in object volume between respiratory phases was dramatically inferior for 4DCT versus 4DCBCT, possibly due to fan‐beam CT interplay effects or superiority of diaphragm sorting versus a linear surrogate. Consequently, radiotherapy planning or gating on individual phases of 4DCT datasets has potential to cause significant error. 4DCBCT did overestimate object size relative to 4DCT due to partial volume effects. As such, higher‐resolution 4DCBCT presets should be investigated for patient verification imaging.
Oxygenated Fuels, A Remote Sensing Evaluation (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Remote sensing, a new way to investigate automobile emissions, has been used to study the effect of oxygenated fuels on carbon monoxide emissions from in-use vehicles. During the 1988 State of Colorado Oxygenated Fuels Program more than 60,000 vehicle emissions were measured at a local freeway on-ramp for periods before, during and after the mandated oxygenated fuel usage. The results show a small but significant decrease in average carbon monoxide emissions of 6 ± 2.5%. The distribution of emissions shows that 50% of the carbon monoxide was emitted by 7.2% of the vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
Interfacial Morphology Development during PS/PMMA Reactive Coupling (2005)

Amine-terminal polystyrene (PS-NH2) was reacted with an anhydride-terminal poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-anh-pyr) at the interface between quiescent PS and PMMA layers, annealed for various times up to 2 h at 175 °C. The concentration of the PS-NH2 in the PS layer was varied from 10% to 100%. By virtue of pyrene labeling, the PMMA-anh-pyr conversion to copolymer in the early stages of the reaction could be measured with a fluorescence detector coupled to a size exclusion chromatograph. Interfacial morphology development was monitored with both atomic force microscopy (AFM), after washing off the top PS layer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in cross section. It was found that the coupling reaction at the initial stage is rapid. Detectable block copolymer interfacial coverage (Σ) and interfacial roughness were obtained even after only 5 min annealing. Further annealing the samples increased Σ significantly when the PS-NH2 concentration exceeded 25%. In this case Σ exceeded the value expected for a saturated monolayer of copolymer Σ*, suggesting emulsification at the interface. The surface roughness determined by AFM supports this conclusion, as the RMS roughness is low when Σ < Σ* but increases dramatically when Σ > Σ*. After the emulsification transition, however, the AFM roughness no longer increases because the emulsified material is washed away with the PS layer. With TEM, the emulsified region could be observed at the interface directly. Furthermore, the interfacial roughness values from AFM and TEM agree well.
Correlation of regional cerebral blood flow and change of plasma sodium concentration during genesis and satiation of thirst (1999)

Positron emission tomography studies were conducted during genesis of moderate thirst by rapid i.v. infusion of hypertonic saline (0.51 M) and after satiation of thirst by drinking water. The correlation of regional cerebral blood flow with the change in the plasma Na concentration showed a significant group of cerebral activations in the anterior cingulate region and also a site in the middle temporal gyrus and in the periaqueductal gray. Strongest deactivations occurred in the parahippocampal and frontal gyri. The data are consistent with an important role of the anterior cingulate in the genesis of thirst.
Ego-Motion Estimation using Fewer Image Feature Points (2004)

Environmental recognition using images is a worthwhile research subject. 3D information is valuable information to recognize surrounding, because currently it is difficult for machines to understand 3D structure in the scene with only one image, even though a human can understand the scene structure from a picture. 3D information can be obtained from stereo and motion disparities. Since the stereo camera is assumed to be calibrated, the 3D shape can be calculated from disparities. On the other ahnd, since the camera motion, so called ego-motion, is not known, even though motion disparities is obtained,3D shape cannot be calculated until ego-motion is estimated. In addition, the 3D shape recovered from motion disparities is determied up to a scale. Generally, the accuracy of 3D reconstruction by stereo camera depends on the baseline. A stereo camera usually cannot take long baseline, while camera motion can produce long baseline. Since each stereo and motion has information on 3D shape, the combination of stereo and motion disparities could complementally produce better 3D reconstruction than only one of them. Researches in this report were taken placed toward the 3D reconstruction using stereo and motion information.
Bounding Quality in Diverse Planning (2022)

Diverse planning is an important problem in automated planning with many real world applications. Recently, diverse planning has seen renewed interest, with work that defines a taxonomy of computational problems with respect to both plan quality and solution diversity. However, despite the recent advances in diverse planning, the variety of approaches and the number of available planners are still quite limited, even nonexistent for several computational problems. In this work, we aim to extend the portfolio of planners for various computational problems in diverse planning. To that end, we introduce a novel approach to finding solutions for three computational problems within diverse planning and present planners for these three problems. For one of these problems, our approach is the first one that is able to provide solutions to the problem. For another, we show that top-k and top quality planners can provide, albeit naive, solutions to the problem and we extend these planners to improve the diversity of the solution. Finally, for the third problem, we show that some existing diverse planners already provide solutions to that problem. We suggest another approach and empirically show it to compare favorably with these existing planners.
<title>Nonuniformity correction and restoration of passive millimeter-wave images</title> (1999)

This paper discusses methods of improving the quality and resolution of passive mm-wave images, particularly those obtained using the DERA MITRE imager and the more recent MERIT imager. This later real time imager consists of some novel optics followed by a conical scanner in the form of a disk rotating about an axis through its center and tilted with respect to its normal. A horizontal array of receivers is scanned such that each receiver performs a conical scan pattern in the scene. The resulting image which has a 40 degree by 20 degree field of view, consists of a series of circles whose centers are uniformly displaced horizontally. Each receiver is calibrated initially using a two point correction but then drifts in time and a scene based correction is applied. Following this pre-processing the images are superresolved using nonlinear restoration techniques. These various processes are described and images presented.
Arabic diacritization using weighted finite-state transducers (2005)

Arabic is usually written without short vowels and additional diacritics, which are nevertheless important for several applications. We present a novel algorithm for restoring these symbols, using a cascade of probabilistic finite-state transducers trained on the Arabic treebank, integrating a word-based language model, a letter-based language model, and an extremely simple morphological model. This combination of probabilistic methods and simple linguistic information yields high levels of accuracy.
Reversible coordinative chain transfer polymerization of styrene by rare earth borohydrides, chlorides/dialkylmagnesium systems (2010)

Abstract The ability of various rare earth borohydride and chloride complexes/ n ‐butylethylmagnesium systems to operate styrene chain transfer polymerization in mild conditions has been assessed. Thirteen precatalysts have been considered: the rare earth trisborohydrides Ln(BH 4 ) 3 (THF) x (x = 3, Ln = Nd (1), La (2), Sm (3), x = 2, Ln = Y (4), Sc (5)), the rare earth chlorides LnCl 3 (THF) x (x = 3, Ln = Nd (6), La (7), Sm (8), Y (9), x = 2, Ln = Sc (10)), the mixed La(BH 4 ) 2 Cl(THF) 2.6 (11) and the half‐lanthanidocenes Cp*Ln(BH 4 ) 2 (THF) 2 (Ln = Nd (12), La (13)). Six systems were found to be active precatalysts for the polymerization of styrene. 1 , 2 , and 11 led to an efficient transmetalation of the growing polystyrene chain with the simultaneous occurrence of βH elimination, whereas 7 , 12 , and 13 led to catalyzed chain growth behavior. It is noteworthy that the catalyzed chain growth obtained with 12 and 13 occurs with significant stereoselectivity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 802–814, 2010
Hyperpolarization of nitrogen-15 nuclei by cross polarization and dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (2017)

Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is often achieved by the direct transfer of polarization from electrons to nuclei such as <sup>13</sup>C, induced by microwave saturation of the wings of narrow EPR lines of radicals like trityl. In the indirect approach on the other hand, DNP is used to transfer the polarization from the electrons of radicals such as nitroxides that have broad EPR lines to nuclear spins I = <sup>1</sup>H, followed by cross-polarization (CP) from I = <sup>1</sup>H to S = <sup>13</sup>C or other nuclei with low gyromagnetic ratios. This approach is particularly attractive for S = <sup>15</sup>N, since direct DNP yields modest polarizations P(<sup>15</sup>N) < 4% with build-up times that can be as long as τ<sub>DNP</sub>(<sup>15</sup>N) > 2 h. In this paper, we show that CP from <sup>1</sup>H to <sup>15</sup>N at 1.2 K can yield P(<sup>15</sup>N) = 25% with τ<sub>CP-DNP</sub>(<sup>15</sup>N) = 10-15 min. After rapid dissolution and transfer to a solution-state NMR spectrometer, a polarization P(<sup>15</sup>N) = 20% was observed at 300 K. The longitudinal relaxation times in solution can be as long as T<sub>1</sub>(<sup>15</sup>N) > 800 s in favorable cases.
Click-Chemistry Based High Throughput Screening Platform for Modulators of Ras Palmitoylation (2017)

Abstract Palmitoylation is a widespread, reversible lipid modification that has been implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes. Approximately one thousand proteins are annotated as being palmitoylated, and for some of these, including several oncogenes of the Ras and Src families, palmitoylation is indispensable for protein function. Despite this wealth of disease-relevant targets, there are currently few effective pharmacological tools to interfere with protein palmitoylation. One reason for this lack of development is the dearth of assays to efficiently screen for small molecular inhibitors of palmitoylation. To address this shortcoming, we have developed a robust, high-throughput compatible, click chemistry-based approach to identify small molecules that interfere with the palmitoylation of Ras, a high value therapeutic target that is mutated in up to a third of human cancers. This assay design shows excellent performance in 384-well format and is sensitive to known, non-specific palmitoylation inhibitors. Further, we demonstrate an ideal counter-screening strategy, which relies on a target peptide from an unrelated protein, the Src-family kinase Fyn. The screening approach described here provides an integrated platform to identify specific modulators of palmitoylated proteins, demonstrated here for Ras and Fyn, but potentially applicable to pharmaceutical targets involved in a variety of human diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Homoconjugation in 7‐Boranorbornene and 7‐Boranorbornadiene: Comparison with the Isoelectronic 7‐Norbornenyl and 7‐Norbornadienyl Cations (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Table 1 from miR-30-5p Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Novel Therapeutic Tool by Targeting the Oncogenic Wnt/β-Catenin/BCL9 Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 179KB, Sequence of oligonucleotides used in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
A Three-Stage Amplifier with Quenched Multipath Frequency Compensation for All Capacitive Loads (2007)

This paper describes a three-stage CMOS amplifier that is stable for all capacitive loads. This is achieved by adding a so-called quenching capacitor to the multipath nested Miller compensation (MNMC) topology. Theoretical calculations and simulation results are provided to verify the improved stability obtained by the quenched multipath nested Miller compensation (QMNMC) topology. The amplifier is designed in a 0.7-μm CMOS process, and can drive all capacitive loads with a minimum phase margin of 20°. It has a unity-gain bandwidth of 1MHz, a gain of 90-dB and a slew rate of 0.57 V/μs for 100pF capacitive load. It employs a quenching capacitance of only 18 pF, and dissipates 480 μW from a 3.0 V supply.
Conserved host response to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in human cell culture, mouse and macaque model systems (2011)

This is the first demonstration of a global regulatory network modeling conserved host response between in vitro and in vivo models.
Mitigating Edge Machine Learning Inference Bottlenecks: An Empirical Study on Accelerating Google Edge Models (2021)

As the need for edge computing grows, many modern consumer devices now contain edge machine learning (ML) accelerators that can compute a wide range of neural network (NN) models while still fitting within tight resource constraints. We analyze a commercial Edge TPU using 24 Google edge NN models (including CNNs, LSTMs, transducers, and RCNNs), and find that the accelerator suffers from three shortcomings, in terms of computational throughput, energy efficiency, and memory access handling. We comprehensively study the characteristics of each NN layer in all of the Google edge models, and find that these shortcomings arise from the one-size-fits-all approach of the accelerator, as there is a high amount of heterogeneity in key layer characteristics both across different models and across different layers in the same model. We propose a new acceleration framework called Mensa. Mensa incorporates multiple heterogeneous ML edge accelerators (including both on-chip and near-data accelerators), each of which caters to the characteristics of a particular subset of models. At runtime, Mensa schedules each layer to run on the best-suited accelerator, accounting for both efficiency and inter-layer dependencies. As we analyze the Google edge NN models, we discover that all of the layers naturally group into a small number of clusters, which allows us to design an efficient implementation of Mensa for these models with only three specialized accelerators. Averaged across all 24 Google edge models, Mensa improves energy efficiency and throughput by 3.0x and 3.1x over the Edge TPU, and by 2.4x and 4.3x over Eyeriss v2, a state-of-the-art accelerator.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Newcastle Disease Virus Vector-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate, AVX/COVID-12-HEXAPRO (Patria), in Pigs (2021)

Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were developed in record time and show excellent efficacy and effectiveness against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, currently approved vaccines cannot meet the global demand. In addition, none of the currently used vaccines is administered intranasally to potentially induce mucosal immunity. Here, we tested the safety and immunogenicity of a second-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that includes a stabilized spike antigen and can be administered intranasally. The vaccine is based on a live Newcastle disease virus vector expressing a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein stabilized in a prefusion conformation with six beneficial proline substitutions (AVX/COVID-12-HEXAPRO; Patria). Immunogenicity testing in the pig model showed that both intranasal and intramuscular application of the vaccine as well as a combination of the two induced strong serum neutralizing antibody responses. Furthermore, substantial reactivity to B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 spike variants was detected. Finally, no adverse reactions were found in the experimental animals at any dose level or delivery route. These results indicate that the experimental vaccine AVX/COVID-12-HEXAPRO (Patria) is safe and highly immunogenic in the pig model. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Several highly efficacious vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been developed and are used in the population. However, the current production capacity cannot meet the global demand. Therefore, additional vaccines-especially ones that can be produced locally and at low cost-are urgently needed. This work describes preclinical testing of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate which meets these criteria.
Segregation of a pure form of spastic paraplegia and NOR insertion into Xq11.2 (2000)

A 3-year-old boy, his 7-year-old brother, and a maternal uncle had a pure form of spastic paraplegia and a variant X chromosome with a faintly stained gap at Xq11.2. The mother of the propositus also had the variant X chromosome but was clinically unaffected. Three other unaffected females in the family did not have the variant X chromosome. The gaps in the variant X chromosome from the affected members and the mother were Ag-NOR staining positive, C-banding negative, rDNA FISH analysis positive, and alpha-satellite FISH analysis negative. The gap, therefore, represented an insertion of the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) derived from the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome. The variant X chromosome of the mother was randomly inactivated, as evidenced by BrdU replication analysis of her Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells. Because mutations of the proteolipid protein gene at Xq21 have been responsible for a pure form of spastic paraplegia, this was also investigated but found to be negative in all affected relatives. Summing up these findings, it is proposed that the NOR insertion in the affected members of the family disrupted a hitherto unknown gene for a pure form of spastic paraplegia, situated at Xq11.2, and caused the disorder.
Tomographic methods for multidimensional born inversion with a wide-band source (1985)

Bibliography: leaf 6.
Authentication of Essential Oils (2006)

Essential oils are commonly defined as complex mixtures of flavor and fragrance substances originating from plants. The authenticity of natural compounds is an important topic for the flavor and fragrance industry because of legal or commercial aspects. Over the last 15 years stable isotope analysis has become the most important tool for authenticity testing of non-chiral compounds. The analysis of enantiomeric purity is well-known as an efficient possibility for the authenticity control of chiral compounds. It is of great interest to check whether it is possible to detect the blending with synthetic substances or with isolates from other essential oils. In this paper we present examples for the use of both methods for authentication of laurel leaf (α-terpinyl acetate), oregano (carvacrol), ylang ylang (p-cresyl methyl ether, benzyl acetate) and sandalwood oil (cis-α-santalol). This publication demonstrates the merits of enantioselective capillary GC and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), coupled on-line with capillary GC for the authentication process.
Spatial determinants of quorum signaling in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection model (2018)

Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial communication system that involves production and sensing of extracellular signals. In laboratory models, QS allows bacteria to monitor and respond to their own cell density and is critical for fitness. However, how QS proceeds in natural, spatially structured bacterial communities is not well understood, which significantly hampers our understanding of the emergent properties of natural communities. To address this gap, we assessed QS signaling in the opportunistic pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in a cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection model that recapitulates the biogeographical aspects of the natural human infection. In this model, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> grows as spatially organized, highly dense aggregates similar to those observed in the human CF lung. By combining this natural aggregate system with a micro-3D-printing platform that allows for confinement and precise spatial positioning of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> aggregates, we assessed the impact of aggregate size and spatial positioning on both intra- and interaggregate signaling. We discovered that aggregates containing ∼2,000 signal-producing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were unable to signal neighboring aggregates, while those containing ≥5,000 cells signaled aggregates as far away as 176 µm. Not all aggregates within this "calling distance" responded, indicating that aggregates have differential sensitivities to signal. Overexpression of the signal receptor increased aggregate sensitivity to signal, suggesting that the ability of aggregates to respond is defined in part by receptor levels. These studies provide quantitative benchmark data for the impact of spatial arrangement and phenotypic heterogeneity on <i>P. aeruginosa</i> signaling in vivo.