gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Closed-Form Modeling of Edge/Top/Hybrid Metal-2D Semiconductor Contacts (2022)

The paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of the electrical contact topologies to two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconducting materials by employing ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalisms. Using Landauer’s equations, comprehensive numerical models for contact resistance (R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</inf> ) of these contact configurations have been derived and subsequently extended to develop the first closed-form expressions for contact resistance to 2D materials (2DM) in these configurations. The comprehensive modeling framework, which includes boundary and interface scatterings, Fermi level pinning (FLP) through metal induced gap states (MIGS), terminated edge states, and surface reconstructions due to interface bonding, the effect of FLP quenching through the presence of a van der Waals (vdW) gap, and the physics of carrier transport across such an interface, is intended for designing 2D FETs with minimal R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</inf> and extracting from experiments the accurate Schottky barrier (SB) height to model realistic 2D-FET device/circuit performance. Hybrid contacts with sufficient (~2 nm) metal-2DM overlap are found to be optimal, and carrier (doping) concentrations and SB height needed for satisfying IRDS requirements have been identified.
Three-Dimensional Printability of an ECM-Based Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Biomaterial for Potential Neuroregeneration (2021)

The current study introduces two novel, smart polymer three-dimensional (3D)-printable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel biomaterials with favorable chemical, mechanical, and morphological properties for potential applications in traumatic brain injury (TBI) such as potentially assisting in the restoration of neurological function through closure of the wound deficit and neural tissue regeneration. Additionally, removal of injury matter to allow for the appropriate scaffold grafting may assist in providing a TBI treatment. Furthermore, due to the 3D printability of the IPN biomaterials, complex structures can be designed and fabricated to mimic the native shape and structure of the injury sight, which can potentially assist with neural tissue regeneration after TBI. In this study, a peptide-only approach was employed, wherein collagen and elastin in a blend with gelatin methacryloyl were prepared and crosslinked using either Irgacure or Irgacure and Genipin to form either a semi or full IPN hydrogel 3D-printable neuromimicking platform system, respectively. The scaffolds displayed favorable thermal stability and were amorphous in nature with high full width at half-maximum values. Furthermore, no alteration to the peptide secondary structure was noted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The IPN biomaterials have a stiffness of around 600 Pa and are suitable for softer tissue engineering applications-that is, the brain. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the IPN biomaterials had a morphological structure with a significant resemblance to the native rat cortex. Both biomaterial scaffolds were shown to support the growth of PC12 cells over a 72 h period. Furthermore, the increased nuclear eccentricity and nuclear area were shown to support the postulation that the IPN biomaterials maintain the cells in a healthy state encouraging cellular mitosis and proliferation. The Genipin component of the full IPN was further shown to exhibit antimicrobial properties and this suggests that Genipin can prevent the growth of pathogens associated with postsurgical brain infections. In addition to these findings, the study presents an anomaly, wherein the full IPN is found to be more brittle than the semi IPN, a finding that is in contradiction with the literature. This research, therefore, contributes to the collection of potential biomaterials for TBI applications coupled with 3D printing and can assist in the progression of neural treatments toward patient-specific scaffolds through the development of custom scaffolds.
Translating OWL and semantic web rules into prolog: Moving toward description logic programs (2008)

Abstract We are researching the interaction between the rule and the ontology layers of the Semantic Web, by comparing two options: 1) using OWL and its rule extension SWRL to develop an integrated ontology/rule language, and 2) layering rules on top of an ontology with RuleML and OWL. Toward this end, we are developing the SWORIER system, which enables efficient automated reasoning on ontologies and rules, by translating all of them into Prolog and adding a set of general rules that properly capture the semantics of OWL. We have also enabled the user to make dynamic changes on the fly, at run time. This work addresses several of the concerns expressed in previous work, such as negation, complementary classes, disjunctive heads, and cardinality, and it discusses alternative approaches for dealing with inconsistencies in the knowledge base. In addition, for efficiency, we implemented techniques called extensionalization, avoiding reanalysis, and code minimization.
Cationic polymerization of cyclohexyl vinyl ether within MCM-41 channels (2000)

Cationic polymerization of cyclohexyl vinyl ether (CHVE) within mesoporous, siliceous molecular sieves (MCM-41) yields novel MCM-41-polyCHVE host-guest hybrid materials. Initiation within the channel can be achieved by triphenylmethylium or bis(4-methoxyphenyl)methylium silanolate ion pairs, as well as by mobile acidic silanols to a certain extent. Generation of the carbenium ions on MCM-41 is investigated by a special UV/VIS technique. The structure of poly(vinyl ether) generated within the channels of MCM-41 depends on the mechanism of initiation as shown by means of solid state 13C{1H} and 29Si{1H} CP MAS NMR spectroscopy.
Exon-centric regulation of pyruvate kinase M alternative splicing via mutually exclusive exons (2011)

Alternative splicing of the pyruvate kinase M gene (PK-M) can generate the M2 isoform and promote aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth. However, the cancer-specific alternative splicing regulation of PK-M is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that PK-M is regulated by reciprocal effects on the mutually exclusive exons 9 and 10, such that exon 9 is repressed and exon 10 is activated in cancer cells. Strikingly, exonic, rather than intronic, cis-elements are key determinants of PK-M splicing isoform ratios. Using a systematic sub-exonic duplication approach, we identify a potent exonic splicing enhancer in exon 10, which differs from its homologous counterpart in exon 9 by only two nucleotides. We identify SRSF3 as one of the cognate factors, and show that this serine/arginine-rich protein activates exon 10 and mediates changes in glucose metabolism. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the complex regulation of alternative splicing of a key regulator of the Warburg effect, and also have implications for other genes with a similar pattern of alternative splicing.
Smart Well With Autonomous Inflow Control Valve Technology (2013)

Abstract A smart well concept with autonomous inflow control valve (AICV) is presented. AICV utilized the best from smart wells (ICV) and inflow control devices (ICD). The technology is presented, discussed and compared against other conventional inflow control technologies, id est (i.e.) passive ICD. The flow characteristics are presented and implemented in reservoir model simulations. Significant increased production and recovery are shown for the application in a thin oil rim with gas cap and heterogeneous reservoir. The AICVs are autonomous, i.e. self-regulating and do not required any external control or force. This makes them simple and robust, and a large number of control valves can be mounted in the well, i.e. one in each screen. When water and/or gas breakthrough occur the valves in the breakthrough zone will autonomously shut-off. This provides the operator with a significantly more efficient production and increased recovery. The AICV technology also enables opportunities to drill longer wells and achieve maximum reservoir contact of each well. In addition, the AICV removes the risk, cost and requirement for separation, transportation and handling of unwanted fluid.
Three-Bit and Six-Bit Tunable Matching Networks with Tapered Lines (2009)

Two tunable matching networks, one with three bits and one with six bits, are designed, fabricated and measured. The tuning elements of the networks are the Radant RMSW-100 SPST MEMS switches. These switches connect fixed line- loading capacitances to the networks. Tapered transmission lines are used instead of uniform lines in the networks. The 6-bit network exhibits two bands with bandwidths of 46% and 29% and Smith Chart coverage of at least 68%. The 3-bit network exhibits a single band with a bandwidth of 44% and a Smith Chart coverage of at least 23%. A particular load is included in the bandwidth and coverage calculations if (a) it can be matched with a reflection of less than -10 dB and (b) the S-parameters of the tunable matching network when configured to match this load satisfy |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> + |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> | <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ges 0.5, i.e., its measured efficiency is higher than 50%.
Chip-Level DS-CDMA Downlink Interference Suppression With Optimized Finger Placement (2006)

In direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) downlink, multiaccess interference arises due to the loss of orthogonality of the spreading codes for each user in frequency-selective channels. We analyze the receiver structure where a linear combiner with a RAKE structure is used. A generic model is developed to account for arbitrary finger placement, which allows many CDMA downlink linear receivers to be treated as special cases. For fixed finger placement, we derive the optimal weights for the receiver under both chip-level and symbol-level criteria. We show that the weights designed to minimize the chip mean-square error (MSE) also maximizes the output symbol signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) and differs only by a scaling factor from the weights that minimizes the symbol MSE. The performance of the receiver depends heavily on the finger placement scheme. We propose two strategies for finger placement design. The first one is analytical and is based on the sampling design theory. It gives the optimal finger placement in an asymptotic sense as the number of fingers becomes large and sheds important light on how the performance of the system depends on the number of fingers and the smoothness of the underlying chip pulse waveform. The other design is numerical and is based on a greedy search algorithm. An efficient recursive algorithm is developed to reduce the computational complexity associated with the search. For Rayleigh-fading channels, numerical results show that both design schemes achieve significantly better performance than uniformly spaced finger placement with the same number of fingers, or achieve performance similar to that of uniformly spaced finger placement but with a much smaller number of fingers
Keynote: From embedded systems to systems of systems (2014)

Summary form only given, as follows. Most of today,s machines, e.g., automotive engines, production machinery or even consumer devices, such as a washing machine, are controlled by an embedded computer system. It is assumed that the widespread integration of these existing embedded computer systems and data bases into systems-ofsystems (e.g., the Internet of Things, IoT) will provide new synergistic services, make better use of the available information, lead to new insights, improve current economic processes and thus create greater wealth. Fueled by the dramatic technological progress in the area of wire-bound and wire-less communication, this integration is already happening on a wide scale in industry. From the viewpoint of computer science, the domain of Systems-of-Systems (SoS) is a relatively new field that poses significant new research challenges. In our view, the differentiating characteristics of a SoS compared to a monolithic system are the autonomy of the Constituent Systems (CS), emergent phenomena at the SoS level, uncoordinated evolution of the CSs and most, importantly, that the occurrence of faults in the CSs must be considered normal during the operation an SoS. This presentation will focus on the issues that are posed by the integration of embedded systems into systems of systems and will refer to the research approach taken in the European AMADEOS project 610535 (Architecture for Multi-criticality Agile Dependable Evolutionary Open System-of-Systems). The complete presentations were not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Investigation of Mixtures of BF 3 Carbonates and LiX (X = OCH 2 CF 3 , OC(H)(CF 3 ) 2 , CO 2 CF 3 ) as Novel Electrolyte Systems for Lithium Ion Batteries (2020)

The stoichiometric 1:1 combination of LiX (X = OCH 2 CF 3 , OC(H)(CF 3 ) 2 , CO 2 CF 3 ) with BF 3 ·D (D = dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and diethyl ether) yields an electrolyte with a significantly increased conductivity in comparison to pure LiX in EC:EMC (3:7 wt%). The combination of Li[CO 2 CF 3 ] and BF 3 ·EC displays with 5.8 mS·cm –1 (1.5 mol·L –1 ) the highest conductivity of all investigated systems, which is also higher than that of LiBF 4 in the same solvent. NMR studies of all composite electrolytes show the presence of various boron species like BX 3 , Li[BF 3 X], Li[BF 2 X 2 ] and Li[BFX 3 ], which distribute characteristically for each LiX. The investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the composite electrolytes in Li[Ni 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 ]/graphite cells showed a direct relation between cycling behavior, impedance and boron content on CEI/SEI. In the differential plots of the first cycle, an irreversible oxidation was observed in all cells, which is attributed to the formation of the SEI of the composite electrolyte. Ex situ analysis of the electrodes with XPS showed an increase of the boron content on the surface of both electrodes in the order of Li[OC(H)(CF 3 ) 2 ] &lt; Li[OCH 2 CF 3 ] &lt; Li[CO 2 CF 3 ]. This ordering was also found for the growth of the impedance of the cells.
Analyzing the Limits of Self-Supervision in Handling Bias in Language (2021)

Prompting inputs with natural language task descriptions has emerged as a popular mechanism to elicit reasonably accurate outputs from large-scale generative language models with little to no in-context supervision. This also helps gain insight into how well language models capture the semantics of a wide range of downstream tasks purely from self-supervised pre-training on massive corpora of unlabeled text. Such models have naturally also been exposed to a lot of undesirable content like racist and sexist language and there is limited work on awareness of models along these dimensions. In this paper, we define and comprehensively evaluate how well such language models capture the semantics of four tasks for bias: diagnosis, identification, extraction and rephrasing. We define three broad classes of task descriptions for these tasks: statement, question, and completion, with numerous lexical variants within each class. We study the efficacy of prompting for each task using these classes and the null task description across several decoding methods and few-shot examples. Our analyses indicate that language models are capable of performing these tasks to widely varying degrees across different bias dimensions, such as gender and political affiliation. We believe our work is an important step towards unbiased language models by quantifying the limits of current self-supervision objectives at accomplishing such sociologically challenging tasks.
MicroRNA-221 Targets Bmf in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Correlates with Tumor Multifocality (2009)

Our results indicate that miR-221, by targeting Bmf, inhibits apoptosis. Moreover, in HCC, miR-221 overexpression is associated with a more aggressive phenotype. These findings, together with the previously reported modulation of CDKN1B/p27 and CDKN1C/p57, show that miR-221 simultaneously affects multiple pro-oncogenic pathways and suggest miR-221 as a potential target for nonconventional treatment against HCC.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Collaboration of Kras and Androgen Receptor Signaling Stimulates EZH2 Expression and Tumor-Propagating Cells in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 83K, IHC staining of Kras(G12D) and AR tumor tissues.&lt;/p&gt;
Counterion, Temperature, and Time Modulation of Nanometric Chiral Ribbons from Gemini-Tartrate Amphiphiles (2007)

Amphiphile supramolecular assemblies result from the cooperative effects of multiple weak interactions between a large number of subcomponents. As a result, prediction of and control over the morphologies of such assemblies remains difficult to achieve. Here, we described the fine-tuning of the shape, size, and morphology transitions of twisted and helical membranes formed by non-chiral dicationic n-2-n gemini amphiphiles complexed with chiral tartrate anions. We have reported that such systems express the chirality of the tartrate components at a supramolecular level and that the mechanism of the chiral induction by counterions involves specific anion cation recognition and the induction of conformationally labile chirality in the cations. Here, we demonstrate that the morphologies and dimensions of twisted and helical ribbons, as well as tubules, can be controlled and that interconversion between these structures can be induced upon modifying temperature, upon introducing small amounts of additives, or slightly modifying molecular structure. Specifically, electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering show that (i) varying the hydrophobic chain length or adding gemini having bromide counterions (1%) or the opposite enantiomer (10%) leads to an increase of the diameter of membrane tubules from 33 to 48.5 nm; (ii) further addition (1.5%) of gemini bromide or a slight increase in temperature induces a transition from tubules to twisted ribbons; (iii) the twist pitch of the ribbons can be continuously tuned by varying enantiomeric excess; and (iv) it was also observed that the morphologies of these ribbons much evolve with time. Such unprecedented observations over easy tuning of the chiral supramolecular structures are clearly related to the original feature that the induction of chirality is solely due the counterions, which are much more mobile than the amphiphiles.
Active Structural-Acoustic Control of a Rocket Fairing Using Proof-Mass Actuators (2001)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Genetic and Vaccination-Induced Resistance of Chickens to Lymphoid Tumor Transplants 1. Marek's Disease Tumor Transplant (JMV) (1976)

J. L. Spencer, J. S. Gavora, W. C. D. Hare, A. A. Grunder, A. Robertson, G. W. Speckmann, Genetic and Vaccination-Induced Resistance of Chickens to Lymphoid Tumor Transplants 1. Marek's Disease Tumor Transplant (JMV), Avian Diseases, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1976), pp. 268-285
Surface States Due to Fe Atoms Deposited on a TiO2 Surface Coated with a Porous SiO2 Film (1996)

A thin SiO2 film 20 Å in thickness has been deposited on the TiO2 surface by a sputtering technique. In the SiO2-coated TiO2 electrode, a current density at −1.0 V is reduced to one-third that of the bare TiO2 electrodes. This indicates that on average one-third of the TiO2 surface is in contact with an electrolyte solution through pores of the SiO2 film. Electronic structures at the interfaces of TiO2−electrolytic solution and TiO2−SiO2−electrolytic solution are investigated by means of the conductance method and isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy. The electrochemical depositions of Fe atoms on the surfaces of the bare and the SiO2-coated TiO2 electrodes result in the formation of new surface states. The Fe-related surface states are distributed in the range 0.45−0.75 eV below the bottom of the conduction band. The bandwidth of the Fe-related surface states at the SiO2-coated TiO2 electrode is slightly wider than that at the bare TiO2 electrode. The energy distribution of Fe-related surface states is varied with the number of Fe atoms. This implies that the surface-state band originates from electronic interactions inside Fe microclusters.
HIGH SPEED SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS (1994)

The strategy and methods to design high speed semiconductor lasers are reviewed here. The formalism for the analysis of intensity modulation, frequency modulation and intensity noise in quantum well lasers is first derived. Using this formalism the process of optimizing the laser structure for high speed operation is presented. In addition to the conventional factors such as the differential gain, photon density, photon lifetime and device parasitics, we also review the critical effects of carrier transport and microwave signal transmission on the dynamic characteristics and design of high speed semiconductor lasers.
Activation of Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluR2 and mGluR3) as a Novel Approach for Treatment of Schizophrenia (2010)

In the last decade, many advances have suggested that activators of mGluR2 and/or mGluR3 may provide a novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia. Preclinical and clinical studies with traditional orthosteric agonists nonselective for mGluR2 and mGluR3 have provided key studies demonstrating the viability of this approach. Recent advances in allosteric ligand development have led to the discovery of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) selective for mGluR2, which have demonstrated efficacy in animal models predictive of antipsychotic activity. These mGluR2 PAMs, in conjunction with studies in mGluR2, mGluR3, and mGluR2/3 knockout mice, have suggested that mGluR2 may be the predominant receptor responsible for the antipsychotic efficacy of nonselective mGluR2/3 agonists. Recently, a heterocomplex between mGluR2 and the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor has been reported with functional consequences for both receptors, providing a novel target for therapeutic development. Together, these many advances have provided a strong foundation for the continued development of mGluR2/3 activators as a novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Monomeric annexin A2 is an oxygen-regulated toll-like receptor 2 ligand and adjuvant (2016)

This novel finding adds to the known functions of ANXA2 and suggests ways to exploit it as a vaccine adjuvant. ANXA2-antigen fusion peptides could be developed for patients as "off-the-shelf" agents containing common tumor antigens. Alternatively, they could be "personalized" and synthesized after tumor sequencing to identify immunogenic tumor-specific neo-antigens. As the amino terminal 15 amino acids of ANXA2 are required to stimulate TLR2 activity, a fusion peptide could be as short as 30 amino acids if one or two CD8 T cell epitopes are fused to the ANXA2 amino terminal portion. Future work will address the efficacy of ANXA2 peptide fusions alone and in combination with established TLR agonists to induce synergy in preclinical models of glioma as observed in other vaccines.