gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Domain Dynamics in Ferroelectric Thin Films Via In-SituTEM Analysis (1997)

Abstract Due to spatial constraints and small dimensions (&amp;lt;1 μm), the ferroelectric domain statics and dynamics in thin films can be significantly different from their bulk counterparts. Further, it has been recognized that electrode-film interfaces play a key role in the fatigue and retention phenomena in the thinfilms for ferroelectric memory applications, which are closely associated with barrier formation and charged defects trapped at various interfaces including the domain boundaries. Thus, it is imperative to utilize in-situ TEM to directly observe the domain switching at a length-scale which is essential (i.e. 1-10nm) for better understanding of the domain dynamics and their interactions with microstructure in thin filmferroelectrics. We have successfully carried out in-situ TEM observations of domain dynamics in Pb(Zr.5Ti.5)O3 (PZT) thin films using PZT-based capacitor structures. The capacitors were produced by growing PZT layers (∼550 nm thick) on SrRuO3 bottom electrode layers (∼100 nm thick) on (001) SrTiO3 substrates using MOCVD. The top electrode consisted of an ∼200 nm silver layer.
Trends and challenges in VLSI technology scaling towards 100 nm (2003)

Summary form only given. Moore's Law drives VLSI technology to continuous increases in transistor densities and higher clock frequencies. This tutorial will review the trends in VLSI technology scaling in the last few years and discuss the challenges facing process and circuit engineers in the 100nm generation and beyond. The first focus area is the process technology, including transistor scaling trends and research activities for the 100nm technology node and beyond. The transistor leakage and interconnect RC delays will continue to increase. The tutorial will review new circuit design techniques for emerging process technologies, including dual Vt transistors and silicon-on-insulator. It will also cover circuit and layout techniques to reduce clock distribution skew and jitter, model and reduce transistor leakage and improve the electrical performance of flip-chip packages. Finally, the tutorial will review the test challenges for the 100nm technology node due to increased clock frequency and power consumption (both active and passive) and present several potential solutions.
Linear Local Models for Monocular Reconstruction of Deformable Surfaces (2010)

Recovering the 3D shape of a nonrigid surface from a single viewpoint is known to be both ambiguous and challenging. Resolving the ambiguities typically requires prior knowledge about the most likely deformations that the surface may undergo. It often takes the form of a global deformation model that can be learned from training data. While effective, this approach suffers from the fact that a new model must be learned for each new surface, which means acquiring new training data, and may be impractical. In this paper, we replace the global models by linear local models for surface patches, which can be assembled to represent arbitrary surface shapes as long as they are made of the same material. Not only do they eliminate the need to retrain the model for different surface shapes, they also let us formulate 3D shape reconstruction from correspondences as either an algebraic problem that can be solved in closed form or a convex optimization problem whose solution can be found using standard numerical packages. We present quantitative results on synthetic data, as well as qualitative results on real images.
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Fraction Collection for Separation, Culturing, and Identification of Bacteria from an Environmental Microbiome (2019)

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) can produce high-resolution separations of biological samples, including microbial mixtures. The study of complex populations of microorganisms using CZE is limited because most detectors have limited sensitivity, are destructive, and provide limited information for microbial identification. To address these issues, we developed an integrated capillary zone electrophoresis apparatus to fractionate bacteria from complex mixtures. We deposited fractions onto nutrient agar in a Petri dish for microbial culturing, and we subjected the observed colonies to Sanger sequencing of a phylogenetic marker, the 16S rRNA gene, for microbial identification. We separated and cultured both a single bacteria species, the model Gram-negative organism Escherichia coli, and a complex environmental isolate of primary sewage effluent. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from this mixture identified 15 ± 5 distinct bacterial species per run. This approach requires minimal manipulation of microbial populations and combines electrophoretic fractionation of bacterial cells with automated collection for accurate identification of species. This approach should be applicable to microorganisms in general and may enable discrimination of physiologically different cells in complex assemblages, such as in microbiome samples.
Passive haptic learning of typing skills facilitated by wearable computers (2014)

Passive Haptic Learning (PHL) allows people to learn "muscle memory" through vibration stimuli without devoting attention to the stimulus. PHL can be facilitated by wearable computers such as gloves with an embedded tactile interface. Previous work on PHL taught users rote patterns of finger movements corresponding to piano melodies. Expanding on this research, we are currently exploring the capabilities and limits of Passive Haptic Learning as we investigate whether more complex skills and meaning can be taught through wearable, tactile interfaces. We are creating and studying a system for passively teaching typing skills, with the ultimate goal of passively teaching Braille typing. Our initial studies in perception and learning provide key information for system development including the importance of visual feedback in learning to type; while our pilot study using the current system for Passive Haptic Learning of typing on an unfamiliar keyboard shows passive learning in all participants.
Tables of Glycosidase Inhibitors with Nitrogen in the Sugar Ring and Their Inhibitory Activities: Section 4 (1998)

This appendix contains section titled: Seven-Membered Rings
Cationic polymerizations by aromatic initiating systems. 1. A model for initiation and termination using the p-methylbenzyl chloride/triethylaluminum system (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCationic polymerizations by aromatic initiating systems. 1. A model for initiation and termination using the p-methylbenzyl chloride/triethylaluminum systemLeonard C. Reibel, Joseph P. Kennedy, and Yen-Lung ChungCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 4, 690–694Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00424a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00424a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel technetium-99m-labeled platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists as potential imaging agents for venous and arterial thrombosis (1998)

Behavioural Pharmacology publishes original research reports in diverse areas, ranging from ethopharmacology to the pharmacology of schedule-controlled operant behaviour, provided that their primary focus is behavioural. Topics include drug, chemical, and hormonal effects on behaviour, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying behaviour, and behavioural methods for the study of drug action. Both animal and human studies are published. Studies reporting neurochemical data have a predominantly behavioural focus, and human studies do not consist exclusively of clinical trials or case reports. Submitted articles undergo a preliminary review by the editor. Some articles may be returned to authors without further consideration. Those being considered for publication will undergo further assessment and peer-review by the editors and those invited to do so from a reviewer pool. Preference is given to studies that demonstrate and develop the potential of behavioural methods, and to papers reporting findings of direct relevance to clinical problems.
Design criterion and construction methods for partially coherent multiple antenna constellations (2009)

We consider multiple-antenna communication systems in Rayleigh fading channel, where the transmitter does not know the channel coefficients and the receiver has only an estimate of them. We further assume that the transmitter and receiver know the statistics of the estimation error. We refer to this system as partially coherent system, for which we derive the expressions for the optimal detector and study the constellation design problem. Since the Chernoff bound on pairwise error probability of the partially coherent systems appears to be intractable, we use Stein's Lemma to propose a design criterion based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance between conditional distributions. Using the KL-based design criterion, we construct constellations for multiple-antenna systems which can be demodulated in the presence of channel estimation errors. The proposed constellations are multi-level, with multi-dimensional spherical constellations at each level. We show that these new constellations provide significant performance improvement over the conventional single-antenna PSK and QAM constellations, and multiple-antenna techniques such as Bell Lab's Space-Time (BLAST) architecture and orthogonal transmit diversity (OTD) schemes, when the estimation variance is comparable to the reciprocal of the signal-to-noise ratio.
Effects of Panel Misalignment in a Deployable Origami-Based Optical Array (2023)

Abstract Deployable origami-based arrays can offer many benefits for a wide variety of engineering applications. However, alignment in the deployed state is a primary challenge of these arrays; in optical systems, local (single panel) and global (entire array) misalignment can drastically reduce performance. The objective of this work is to compare the relative sensitivities of different degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) of misalignment in deployable origami-based optical arrays and specify which have the greatest effect on performance. To accomplish this, we suggest a practice for defining local and global misalignment in deployable origami-based arrays, we simulate misalignment perturbations and record the resulting power output, and we use compensation techniques to restore as much lost power as possible. We use a deployable LiDAR telescope based on the hexagonal twist origami pattern as a case study, though the conclusions could be extended to other origami-based systems. From simulation, we find that the DOFs which are the most sensitive to misalignment and for which compensation is not effective are the local decenter X (467% power loss per mm misalignment), local decenter Y (463% power loss per mm misalignment), local tilt (357% power loss per degree misalignment), and local tip (265% power loss per degree misalignment) misalignments. These results could help minimize the need for compensation or position sensing and help optical systems designers to know which DOFs should be carefully controlled to maximize energy output.
Bifurcation balloon for left main shock syndrome: facilitating the simultaneous percutaneous reperfusion of the LAD and circumflex. (2006)

Acute occlusion of the left main coronary artery frequently causes cardiogenic shock and, when this occurs with an initial TIMI 0 flow, has an extremely poor prognosis. The use of a bifurcation system has not been described previously in this situation but has advantages that may result in a simpler and quicker solution then other strategies. This case describes a distal LMCA occlusion, 2 weeks post-stenting of the proximal LAD and proximal Cx, where this strategy was successfully used as a bridge to surgery. Such a strategy may be crucially beneficial in this commonly fatal condition.
Modeling of and experiments on dust particle levitation in the sheath of a radio frequency plasma reactor (2005)

The equilibrium and trapping of dust particles in a plasma sheath are investigated, both experimentally and theoretically. A self-consistent sheath model including input power as one of the model parameters is proposed, to predict the equilibrium position of particle trap. The electron temperature and density are estimated from the observed current and power (I-P) characteristics using the sheath model developed. Direct comparisons are made between the measured equilibrium position and the predicted equilibrium position. The equilibrium position moves closer to the electrode with increasing rf power and particle size. The position is apparently related to the sheath thickness, which decreases with increasing rf power. The model can correctly predict the experimentally observed trend in the equilibrium position of particle trap. It is found that the particle charge becomes positive when the particle gets closer to the electrode, due to the dominant influence of ion currents to the particle surface.
Mutual Information Of Images: A New Approach To Pyramidal Image Analysis (1988)

The similarity measure is defined as the amount of information necessary to transform one image into another. Application of this measure between pyramid elements reveals that significant data-compression, subject to controllable error, can be achieved by saving only the necessary information to pass from the lower-resolution image to its higher-resolution version. Further, this data can be estimated without any side information to obtain a super-resolution effect in images.
Demo: ROCH (2015)

We present the first complete software-based framework for real-time experimental evaluation of secondary multi-hop cognitive underlay networks with decentralized control. We build a $7$-node software-defined radio testbed and implement a distributed algorithm that maximizes the secondary network throughput, while at the same time avoids interference to primary users through joint Routing and cOde-waveform CHannelization (ROCH). ROCH is implemented using GNU Radio and Universal Software Radio Peripherals ($\mathrm{USRP-N210s}$). The implementation of ROCH is facilitated by the architectural abstractions of a novel radio framework, referred to as RcUBe, that provides reconfigurability at the PHY, MAC, and network layers of the protocol stack.
CIRCA: a cooperative intelligent real-time control architecture (1993)

Most research into applying AI techniques to real-time control problems has limited the power of AI methods or embedded reactivity in an AI system. An alternative, cooperative architecture is presented. It uses separate AI and real-time subsystems to address the problems for which each is designed. A structured interface allows the subsystems to communicate without compromising their respective performance goals. By reasoning about its own bounded reactivity, cooperative intelligent real-time control architecture (CIRCA) can guarantee that it will meet hard deadlines while still using unpredictable AI methods. With its abilities to guarantee or trade off the timeliness, precision, confidence, and completeness of its output, CIRCA provides more flexible performance than previous systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Growing a Software Language for Hardware Design (2015)

The Liquid Metal project at IBM Research aimed to design and implement a new programming language called Lime to address some of the challenges posed by heterogeneous systems. Lime is a Java-compatible programming language with features designed to facilitate high level synthesis to hardware (FPGAs). This article reviews the language design from the outset, and highlights some of the earliest design decisions. We also describe how these decisions were revised recently to accommodate important requirements that arise in networking and cryptography.
Experimental and theoretical studies of negative bias temperature instability in ultra-thin gate dielectrics (2005)

It has been the intent of this work to investigate negative bias temperature instability of pMOSFET with ultra-thin gate dielectrics both theoretically and experimentally. Through experimental study, a comprehensive and quantitative study on the influence of nitrogen at the Si/SiOxNy interface on NBTI has been presented and several features regarding the nitrogen-enhanced are unveiled. Based on the findings established from experimental works, an atomic model of NBTI is developed using first-principles calculations. In the model, the possible origin of NBTI in both SiO2 and nitrided oxides are discussed.
Synthesis and Properties of an Oligonucleotide Modified with an Acridine Derivative at the Artificial Abasic Site (1996)

The synthesis of an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) modified with 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridine (Acr) at an abasic site is described. A stereochemically defined aminodiol, L-threoninol, was used to serve as artificial abasic nucleoside. The molecule was modified so as to be suitable for the standard phosphoramidite method and was incorporated into the interior of an ODN. In addition, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl N-[9-(6-chloro-2-methoxy)acridinyl]-6-aminocaproate has been synthesized for postsynthetic modification of the amino substrate of the L-threoninol moiety in the ODN. By using absorption spectroscopy, it is shown that oligo(dA) conjugated with acridine binds with complementary strand in a 1:1 ratio. The melting temperature showed that the nonmodified (abasic) duplex is destabilized as a result of lacking in base at the abasic site, but the covalently linked acridine ring compensates for the destabilization effect. The fluorescence quantum yield of the acridine ring was enhanced by connection to oligo(dA) and, further, by formation of a double-strand with the complementary ODN. The quantum yield is larger than that of intermolecular intercalation. The excitation spectra of Acr-ODN in the duplex is quite similar to the absorption spectra. The results indicate that the covalently linked acridine ring is selectively intercalated into the adjacent abasic site.
Severe Angioedema Causing Airway Obstruction After Anterior Cervical Surgery (1997)

Angioedema should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with upper extremity respiratory obstruction after anterior surgery of the cervical spine.
Dielectric Spectroscopy Investigation of Relaxation in C60−Polyisoprene Nanocomposites (2009)

We investigate the influence of adding C60 nanoparticles on the dielectric relaxation spectra of both unentangled and entangled polyisoprene (PIP). Relaxation modes corresponding to both the segmental and chain relaxation were analyzed over a broad temperature and frequency range. Regardless of whether the chains were entangled or not, both relaxation processes slowed down with the addition of C60, reflecting an increase of the nanocomposite glass transition temperature. However, C60 affects the segmental relaxation more strongly than the large-scale chain relaxation, both in terms of the relaxation time and strength, suggesting that the effect of the nanoparticles on the polymer dynamics is scale dependent. This effect is attributed to a difference in packing frustration at different length scales, a phenomenon also relevant to understanding the difference between the temperature dependence of the segmental and chain relaxation processes in neat polymer materials. Further evidence of this scale dependence is indicated by the observation that the secondary relaxation time of the high molecular mass PIP decreases with an addition of C60. These observations indicate that C60 has an effect opposite to antiplasticizing additives that slow down the secondary relaxation (stiffening the material) in the glass state, while at the same time reducing the alpha relaxation time associated with cooperative segmental and chain motions. Recent incoherent neutron scattering measurements have indicated that C60 can have a similar effect on polystyrene.
Clinical utility and prognostic implications of the novel 4S-AF scheme to characterize and evaluate patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry (2021)

Implementation of the novel 4S-AF scheme is feasible, and treatment decisions based on this scheme improve mortality rates in AF.
Requirements for mobile photoware (2009)

What is the future of digital imaging? Mobile imaging technologies have been changing rapidly and will continue to do so. We explore new developments in cameraphone photography with the goal of improving the design of the next generation of mobile imaging devices. We equipped 26 diverse participants with cameraphones, photo uploading and sharing software, and access to online photo-accounts for 3–5 months. This study allowed us to identify emerging practices in mobile photoware. We report on new and continuing practices across the lifespan of photos in this new imaging environment, including image capture, upload, annotation, archiving, sharing, and viewing. Based on these results, we develop design criteria and implications for designers and makers of mobile devices, mobile imaging and sharing software, and desktop and online photo software.
A versatile chemical method for the formation of macroporous transition metal alloys from cyanometalate coordination polymers (2008)

A facile two-step synthetic route to macroporous metal and metal alloy frameworks from hydrogel-forming coordination polymers known as cyanogels is described. The polymerization of a chlorometalate and cyanometalate in aqueous solution results in the formation of a cyanogel that will auto-reduce at elevated temperatures to form metal alloys under an inert atmosphere. Cyanogels are versatile precursors to macroporous metals due to the large number of metal alloy systems that can be produced. This synthetic route is advantageous due to the production of uncontaminated final products of refractory metals at low temperatures. Transient reactive liquid sintering is shown to be the physical process through which macroporous metal forms from the cyanogel precursor.