gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of Left-handed Z-DNA in Solution and Visualization in Polytene Chromosomes by Immunofluorescence (1983)

The prototype for left-handed, double-helical DNA in solution is provided by the synthetic polynucleotide poly[d(G-C)] exposed to high concentrations (>2.5 m) of NaCl (Pohl and Jovin 1972). However, numerous crystallographic and other studies documented in this volume and elsewhere have established the polymorphic nature of the Z family of left-handed conformations and delineated the numerous factors that can greatly enhance the probability of the B→Z transition: (1) increased ionic strength; (2) decreased water activity; (3) site-specific interactions of cations and anions; (4) increased temperature; (5) increased negative superhelical density; (6) binding of peptides and proteins, including poly amines, antibodies, and core histones (Miller et al., this volume); and (7) chemical modification of the DNA primary structure, such as substitution at the C-8 position of G, placement of a positive charge at N-7 of G, alkylation of the 2-amino group of G (Weaver and Tomasz 1982), methyl or bromine substitution at...
Experimental investigation on nonlinear tolerance of subcarrier multiplexed signals with spectrum optimization (2015)

We numerically and experimentally investigate spectrum optimization techniques including adjustment of subcarrier symbol rate and subcarrier frequency spacing for multi-subcarrier modulation. Improvement of nonlinear tolerance is experimentally evaluated in Nyquist-FDM-DP-QPSK through 2,400 km transmission.
Development of tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composites towards their use in DEMO—potassium doped tungsten wire (2016)

For the next step fusion reactor the use of tungsten is inevitable to suppress erosion and allow operation at elevated temperature and high heat loads.Tungsten fibre-reinforced composites overcome the intrinsic brittleness of tungsten and its susceptibility to operation embrittlement and thus allow its use as a structural as well as an armour material.That this concept works in principle has been shown in recent years.In this contribution we present a development approach towards their use in a future fusion reactor.A multilayer approach is needed addressing all composite constituents and manufacturing steps.A huge potential lies in the optimization of the tungsten wire used as fibre.We discuss this aspect and present studies on potassium doped tungsten wire in detail.This wire, utilized in the illumination industry, could be a replacement of the so far used pure tungsten wire due to its superior high temperature properties.In tensile tests the wire showed high strength and ductility up to an annealing temperature of 2200 K.The results show that the use of doped tungsten wire could increase the allowed fabrication temperature and the overall working temperature of the composite itself.
High aspect ratio hole filling by tungsten chemical vapor deposition combined with a silicon sidewall and barrier metal for multilevel interconnection (1987)

A newly developed processing for high aspect ratio hole filling by tungsten chemical vapor deposition, combined with a Si sidewall technique and resist etch back is proposed. A high aspect ratio hole (around 3) was completely filled with W and W-Si alloy without voids. It is also proposed to interpose a TiN/TiSi2 layer between W and Si, in order to suppress rapid silicidation of W at high temperatures above 800 °C. Silicidation rates for W/TiN/TiSi2/Si systems were 2–2.5 orders of magnitude lower than W/Si systems. Electrical contact resistivity was kept to be lower than 1×10−5 Ω cm2 even after 900 °C annealing by suppressing rapid silicidation of W.
Evaluation of Single and Combination Therapies with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and EmtricitabineIn Vitroand in a Robust Mouse Model Supporting High Levels of Hepatitis B Virus Replication (2012)

Next-generation therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection will involve combinations of established and/or experimental drugs. The current study investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and/or emtricitabine [(-)-FTC] alone and in combination therapy for HBV infection utilizing the HepAD38 system (human hepatoblastoma cells transfected with HBV). Cellular pharmacology studies demonstrated increased levels of (-)-FTC triphosphate with coincubation of increasing concentrations of TDF, while (-)-FTC had no effect on intracellular tenofovir (TFV) diphosphate levels. Quantification of extracellular HBV by real-time PCR from hepatocytes demonstrated the anti-HBV activity with TDF, (-)-FTC, and their combination. Combination of (-)-FTC with TDF or TFV (ratio, 1:1) had a weighted average combination index of 0.7 for both combination sets, indicating synergistic antiviral effects. No cytotoxic effects were observed with any regimens. Using an in vivo murine model which develops robust HBV viremia in nude mice subcutaneously injected with HepAD38 cells, TDF (33 to 300 mg/kg of body weight/day) suppressed virus replication for up to 10 days posttreatment. At 300 mg/kg/day, (-)-FTC strongly suppressed virus titers to up to 14 days posttreatment. Combination therapy (33 mg/kg/day each drug) sustained suppression of virus titer/ml serum (<1 log(10) unit from pretreatment levels) at 14 days posttreatment, while single-drug treatments yielded virus titers 1.5 to 2 log units above the initial virus titers. There was no difference in mean alanine aminotransferase values or mean wet tumor weights for any of the groups, suggesting a lack of drug toxicity. TDF-(-)-FTC combination therapy provides more effective HBV suppression than therapy with each drug alone.
Supersense Tagger for Italian (2008)

In this paper we present the procedure we followed to develop the Italian Super Sense Tagger. In particular, we adapted the English SuperSense Tagger to the Italian Language by exploiting a parallel sense labeled corpus for training. As for English, the Italian tagger uses a fixed set of 26 semantic labels, called supersenses, achieving a slightly lower accuracy due to the lower quality of the Italian training data. Both taggers accomplish the same task of identifying entities and concepts belonging to a common set of ontological types. This parallelism allows us to define effective methodologies for a broad range of cross-language knowledge acquisition tasks 1.
Wavelength-shifted reconstruction with bacteriorhodopsin for holographic particle image velocimetry (2003)

When large amounts of data are stored in Bacteriorhodopsin (bR), for example with Holographic Particle Image Velocimetry (HPIV), the volatile nature of the medium can be a serious problem. The loss of information has two causes; thermal erasure and photo-induced erasure. The thermal erasure can be reduced by cooling the film. We found that by cooling a film with an optical density of 1.5 (OD<sub>570</sub>) from 21.2°C to 1.7°C, the thermal erasure time leading to 50% loss of diffraction efficiency was increased from 31 to 185 seconds. The rate of photo-induced erasure does not only depend on the intensity of the reconstruction wave, but also on its wavelength. The influence of the shifted wavelength and the reconstruction intensity on the rate of photo-induced erasure were analysed experimentally and were found to agree with the theory. Reconstructing a hologram with 690 nm can potentially result in a 35 times larger integrated signal to be read from the hologram as when reconstructing with 532 nm.
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization, Convexity and Isometry (2008)

In this paper we explore avenues for improving the reliability of dimensionality reduction methods such as Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) as interpretive exploratory data analysis tools. We first explore the difficulties of the optimization problem underlying NMF, showing for the first time that non-trivial NMF solutions always exist and that the optimization problem is actually convex, by using the theory of Completely Positive Factorization. We subsequently explore four novel approaches to finding globally-optimal NMF solutions using various ideas from convex optimization. We then develop a new method, isometric NMF (isoNMF), which preserves non-negativity while also providing an isometric embedding, simultaneously achieving two properties which are helpful for interpretation. Though it results in a more difficult optimization problem, we show experimentally that the resulting method is scalable and even achieves more compact spectra than standard NMF.
Stability of a low-temperature grown GaAs surface layer following air exposure using tunneling microscopy (1996)

The stability of a GaAs layer structure consisting of a thin (10 nm) layer of low-temperature-grown GaAs on a heavily n-doped GaAs layer, both grown by molecular beam epitaxy, has been studied using a scanning tunneling microscope. The sample was exposed to the atmosphere between the layer growth and STM characterization. Tunneling spectroscopy shows both the GaAs band edges and a band of midgap states associated with the excess As in the surface layer. The observation of midgap states following atmospheric exposure indicates that the low-temperature-grown GaAs layer does not oxidize rapidly. The spectroscopy results are used to confirm a model for conduction in low resistance, nonalloyed contacts employing comparable layer structures.
A Modbus traffic generator for evaluating the security of SCADA systems (2014)

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are used to monitor and control several industrial functions such as: oil & gas, electricity, water, nuclear fusion, etc. Recently, the Internet connectivity to SCADA systems introduced new vulnerabilities to these systems and made it a target for immense amount of attacks. In the literature, several solutions have been developed to secure SCADA systems; however; the literature is lacking work directed at the development of tools to evaluate the effectiveness of such solutions. An essential requirement of such tools is the generation of normal and malicious SCADA traffic. In this paper, we present an automated tool to generate a malicious SCADA traffic to be used to evaluate such systems. We consider the traffic generation of the popular SCADA Modbus protocol. The characteristics of the generated traffic are derived from Snort network intrusion detection system (NIDS) Modbus rules. The tool uses Scapy to generate packets based on the extracted traffic features. We present the testing results for our tool. The tool is used to read a Snort rule file that contains Modbus rules to extract the required traffic features.
A Common Reference Framework for Analyzing/Comparing Proteins and Ligands. Fingerprints for Liands and Proteins (FLAP): Theory and Application. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Vignetted-aperture correction for spectral cameras with integrated thin-film Fabry–Perot filters (2019)

Spectral cameras with integrated thin-film Fabry&#x2013;Perot filters have become increasingly important in many applications. These applications often require the detection of spectral features at specific wavelengths or to quantify small variations in the spectrum. This can be challenging since thin-film filters are sensitive to the angle of incidence of the light. In prior work, we modeled and corrected for the distribution of incident angles for an ideal finite aperture. Many real lenses, however, experience vignetting. Therefore, in this paper, we generalize our model to the more common case of a vignetted aperture, which changes the distribution of incident angles. We propose a practical method to estimate the model parameters and correct undesired shifts in measured spectra. This is experimentally validated for a lens mounted on a visible-to-near-infrared spectral camera.
Mini-Percoll: a new method of semen preparation for IVF in severe male factor infertility (1990)

Conventional methods of semen preparation for IVF, such as swim-up sedimentation, regular Percoll gradients, are not very effective in the treatment of severe oligoasthenozoospermia (total motile count less than 5 X 10(6)). For these cases, a new method of sperm preparation consisting of a reduced volume of a discontinuous Percoll gradient (mini-Percoll) has been utilized. The results obtained were analysed by comparing mini-Percoll versus resuspension in two groups of patients with severe male factor infertility. In the mini-Percoll group, a statistically significant improvement (P less than 0.001) was obtained in the post-treatment seminal parameters of motility, progression and proportion of normal forms. In the resuspension group (n = 12), only eight of 108 oocytes inseminated were fertilized (7%), while in the mini-Percoll group (n = 29), 124 out of 336 oocytes were fertilized (40%) (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, in the mini-Percoll group, a higher pregnancy rate (25 versus 7%) and low abortion rate (22 versus 33%) were observed. Although more studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary data, mini-Percoll seems to be a valid laboratory tool for semen samples of extremely poor quality.
A 94 GHz programmable frequency divider with inductive peaking for wideband and highly stable frequency synthesizers (2017)

We present a fully programmable frequency divider in two different versions operating at input frequencies from DC to 94 GHz and 92 GHz, respectively, for the use in wideband and highly stable millimeter-wave frequency synthesizers. Using a parallel interface the division factors can be programmed to all integer values between 12 and 259. The high input speed in conjunction with programmability is achieved by a dual-modulus concept utilizing gates in emitter-coupled logic with inductive shunt peaking and by merging logic functions into flip-flops. The two versions utilize different differential spiral inductors. The frequency dividers were realized in a SiGe BiCMOS technology with f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 250 GHz and are draining a current of 120 mA from a 3.3 V supply.
Detection of Gastric Cancer with Novel Methylated DNA Markers: Discovery, Tissue Validation, and Pilot Testing in Plasma (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Gastric adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Accurate and affordable noninvasive detection methods have potential value for screening and surveillance. Herein, we identify novel methylated DNA markers (MDM) for gastric adenocarcinoma, validate their discrimination for gastric adenocarcinoma in tissues from geographically separate cohorts, explore marker acquisition through the oncogenic cascade, and describe distributions of candidate MDMs in plasma from gastric adenocarcinoma cases and normal controls.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Following discovery by unbiased whole-methylome sequencing, candidate MDMs were validated by blinded methylation-specific PCR in archival case-control tissues from U.S. and South Korean patients. Top MDMs were then assayed by an analytically sensitive method (quantitative real-time allele-specific target and signal amplification) in a blinded pilot study on archival plasma from gastric adenocarcinoma cases and normal controls.<b>Results:</b> Whole-methylome discovery yielded novel and highly discriminant candidate MDMs. In tissue, a panel of candidate MDMs detected gastric adenocarcinoma in 92% to 100% of U.S. and South Korean cohorts at 100% specificity. Levels of most MDMs increased progressively from normal mucosa through metaplasia, adenoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma with variation in points of greatest marker acquisition. In plasma, a 3-marker panel (<i>ELMO1, ZNF569, C13orf18)</i> detected 86% (95% CI, 71-95) of gastric adenocarcinomas at 95% specificity.<b>Conclusions:</b> Novel MDMs appear to accurately discriminate gastric adenocarcinoma from normal controls in both tissue and plasma. The point of aberrant methylation during oncogenesis varies by MDM, which may have relevance to marker selection in clinical applications. Further exploration of these MDMs for gastric adenocarcinoma screening and surveillance is warranted. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5724-34. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Directional lasing at high oblique angle from metasurface exhibiting\n multivalley dispersion (2018)

We report on a metasurface laser emitting at the valley extremum of a\nmultivalley energy-momentum dispersion. Such peculiar dispersion shape is\nobtained by hybridizing high quality factor photonic modes of different\nsymmetry and opposite effective mass. The lasing effect takes place at high\noblique angle ($\\sim$20 degrees), in the telecom wavelength range ($\\sim$1580\nnm), on silicon substrate and operating at room temperature. Our results show\nthe potential of multivalley dispersion for micro-laser in integrated photonic\nand beam-steering applications. It also opens the way to study various features\nof valleytronic physics such as spontaneous momentum symmetry breaking,\ntwo-mode squeezing and Josephson oscillation in momentum space.\n
Facile and convenient syntheses of quinones from phenols (1989)

Two new highly effective and simple methods of oxidn. of dihydroxybenzenes and 2,6-disubstituted phenols lead to the corresponding quinones. The oxidn. is performed by hydrogen peroxide and catalyzed by halogens or hydrogen halides. The role of halogen catalysis is discussed
Modal Analysis of Tire In-Plane Vibration (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper presents experimental modal analysis of a non-rotating tire for two boundary conditions. The tire is excited by a hammer and the responses are measured in tangential and radial direction with accelerometers Mode shapes and frequencies are assessed from the measured frequency response functions. These experimental results are compared with the modes of a theoretical tire ring model, where tire is modeled as a circular beam that is able to deform in radial and tangential direction. The partial differential equation of the tire ring model is solved using the modal expansion method resulting in a modal description of the free tire vibration. The parameters of the model are established from the measured frequencies of the free tire.&lt;/div&gt;
CE Society at 2014 IEEE Sections Congress [Society News] (2014)

Presents recent events, trends, and news from the CE Society.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of Thiols to β‐Nitrostyrenes Using a Novel Phenylpyrrolidine‐Based Urea Catalyst. (2015)

Abstract The title urea catalyst shows potent catalytic activity for the asymmetric Michael addition of thiols to nitrostyrenes.
Low Frequency and Microwave Noise Characteristics of GaN and GaAs-based HFETs (2001)

In this paper, we compare the low frequency and microwave noise characteristics of GaAs-based transistors and emerging GaN-based devices. At this time, GaAs transistors can achieve up to now smaller noise figures than GaN HFETs, but the optimum bias condition for lowest noise is found for a lower drain voltage as for the analyzed GaN devices. The resulting higher gain can have a positive impact on the overall performance of the system noise figure. We also studied the 1/f noise of the GaN transistors. No correlation between the microwave noise and the flicker noise was found, which indicates that the two noise types have different origins and can thus be linked to two uncorrelated noise mechanisms.
A Heuristic UTD Solution for Scattering by a Multilayer Anisotropic Slab (2021)

The previously developed heuristic uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) corner and wedge diffraction coefficients for a thin lossless anisotropic slab are generalized and applied for predicting electromagnetic scattering by a lossy/lossless multilayer anisotropic slab. The effective reflection and transmission coefficients of a multilayer slab are used in the heuristic formulation to determine the scattered fields. The heuristic coefficients derived for a thin slab are applied to a multilayer slab with a finite thickness. Numerical results are provided for various scattering problems that demonstrate validity of the heuristic formulations for a multilayer structure.
Quasiperiodic mechanical metamaterials with extreme isotropic stiffness (2019)

Architected metamaterials are dominantly periodic, but on the other hand, natural materials usually exhibit aperiodicity or even disordered randomness. In this study, we systematically design a novel family of mechanical metamaterials that are simply composed of n+1 sets of planar plates layered in a transversely quasiperiodic manner. Through rigorous theoretical and numerical analysis, we demonstrate that these quasiperiodic metamaterials attain the extreme maximum isotropic elastic stiffness in the low density limit and can preserve over 96% optimal stiffness at moderate densities up to 50%. Moreover, we identify a dual family of quasiperiodic truss metamaterials by orientating bar members in the normal directions of aforementioned plate sets. These truss structures that are connected by construction are also stiffness optimal in the sense that they achieve the stiffness limit for truss microstructures. Both the material families possess superior directional yield strength compared to other existing periodic stiffness-optimal metamaterials. The quasiperiodic geometries offer possibilities in discovery of emerging 3D metamaterials in various areas of electromagnetics, mechanics, acoustics and others.
YOLO-Pose: Enhancing YOLO for Multi Person Pose Estimation Using Object Keypoint Similarity Loss (2022)

We introduce YOLO-pose, a novel heatmap-free approach for joint detection, and 2D multi-person pose estimation in an image based on the popular YOLO object detection framework. Existing heatmap based two-stage approaches are sub-optimal as they are not end-to-end trainable and training relies on a surrogate L1 loss that is not equivalent to maximizing the evaluation metric, i.e. Object Keypoint Similarity (OKS). Our framework allows us to train the model end-to-end and optimize the OKS metric itself. The proposed model learns to jointly detect bounding boxes for multiple persons and their corresponding 2Dposes in a single forward pass and thus bringing in the best of both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Proposed approach doesn’t require the post- processing of bottom-up approaches to group detected keypoints into a skeleton as each bounding box has an associated pose, resulting in an inherent grouping of the keypoints. Unlike top-down approaches, multiple forward passes are done away with since all persons are localized along with their pose in a single inference. YOLO-pose achieves new state-of-the-art results on COCO validation (90.2% AP50) and test-dev set (90.3% AP50), surpassing all existing bottom-up approaches in a single forward pass without flip test, multi-scale testing, or any other test time augmentation. All experiments and results reported in this paper are without any test time augmentation, unlike traditional approaches that use flip-test and multi-scale testing to boost performance. Our training codes will be madepublicly available at https://github.com/TexasInstruments/edgeai-yolov5 https://github.com/TexasInstruments/edgeai-yolox
Development of Advanced Manufacturing Methods for Warm White LEDs for General Lighting (2012)

GE Lighting Solutions will develop precise and efficient manufacturing techniques for the “remote phosphor” platform of warm-white LED products. In volume, this will be demonstrated to drive significant materials, labor and capital productivity to achieve a maximum possible 53% reduction in overall cost. In addition, the typical total color variation for these white LEDs in production will be well within the ANSI bins and as low as a 4-step MacAdam ellipse centered on the black body curve. Achievement of both of these objectives will be demonstrated while meeting a performance target of > 75 lm/W for a warm-white LED and a reliability target of <30% lumen drop / <2-step MacAdam ellipse shift, estimated over 50,000 hrs.