gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Sensitive/Selective Miniature Potentiometric Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensors with Titania‐Based Sensing Elements (2009)

Miniature, potentiometric, solid‐state CO sensors utilizing titania‐based semiconducting oxide electrodes are studied at the operating temperature of the optimal response, i.e., 500°C. To improve the selectivity, sensitivity, and response time, yttria and palladium were mixed into the titania electrodes. Excellent sensing performance was obtained using an assembly of titania on one side and composite titania cermet synthesized by adding yttria and palladium on the other. The use of platinum contacts instead of gold current collectors afforded a substantial improvement in voltage response. The device detected an extended range of CO concentration (1–1000 ppm) with a high sensitivity to CO, while being capable of detecting even 1 ppm variations at low CO concentration ranges and retaining considerable selectivity to CO against CO 2 , NO, and O 2 gases. Additionally, the response to CO is barely influenced by the coexisting interference gases (100 ppm NO, 16% CO 2 , 3% O 2 , 3% H 2 O).
Vascular reserve in chronic cerebral ischemia measured by the acetazolamide challenge test: comparison with positron emission tomography. (1995)

The acetazolamide challenge test with Xe CT may offer an alternative to positron-emission tomography in detecting lesions with elevated oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral blood volume (misery perfusion) that result from chronic hemodynamic stress.
Ask2Mask: Guided Data Selection for Masked Speech Modeling (2022)

Masked speech modeling (MSM) methods such as wav2vec2 or w2v-BERT learn representations over speech frames which are randomly masked within an utterance. While these methods improve performance of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, they have one major limitation. They treat all unsupervised speech samples with equal weight, which hinders learning as not all samples have relevant information to learn meaningful representations. In this work, we address this limitation. We propose ask2mask (ATM), a novel approach to focus on specific samples during MSM pre-training. ATM employs an external ASR model or <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">scorer</i> to weight unsupervised input samples in two different ways: 1) A fine-grained data selection is performed by masking over the highly confident input frames as chosen by the scorer. This allows the model to learn meaningful representations. 2) ATM is further extended to focus at utterance-level by weighting the final MSM loss with the utterance-level confidence score. We conduct fine-tuning experiments on two well-benchmarked corpora: LibriSpeech (matching the pre-training data) and Commonvoice, TED-LIUM, AMI and CHiME-6 (not matching the pre-training data). The results substantiate the efficacy of ATM on significantly improving the recognition performance under mismatched conditions (up to 11.6% relative over published results and upto 4.46% relative over our internal baseline) while still yielding modest improvements under matched conditions.
Organocuprate reactions with cyclopropanes. Evidence for three types of mechanism (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganocuprate reactions with cyclopropanes. Evidence for three types of mechanismSteven H. Bertz, Gary Dabbagh, James M. Cook, and Vidya HonkanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 10, 1739–1743Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00184a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00184a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views510Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Density Perturbations in Multifield Inflationary Models (1997)

We derive a closed-form, analytical expression for the spectrum of longwavelength density perturbations in inflationary models with two (or more) inflaton degrees of freedom that is valid in the slow-roll approximation. We illustrate several classes of potentials for which this expression reduces to a simple, algebraic expression. 1 I.
Additional file 10: of Loss of miR-204 expression is a key event in melanoma (2018)

Table S4. miRNAs and MITF in the most frequent somatic mutations patterns of melanoma (TCGA cohort). (XLSX 9Â kb)
Low-frequency and shot noises in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunneling junctions (2013)

The low-frequency and shot noises in spin-valve CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunneling junctions were studied at low temperature. The measured 1/f noise around the magnetic hysteresis loops of the free layer indicates that the main origin of the 1/f noise is the magnetic fluctuation, which is discussed in terms of a fluctuation-dissipation relation. Random telegraph noise (RTN) is observed to be symmetrically enhanced in the hysteresis loop with regard to the two magnetic configurations. We found that this enhancement is caused by the fluctuation between two magnetic states in the free layer. Although the 1/f noise is almost independent of the magnetic configuration, the RTN is enhanced in the antiparallel configuration. These findings indicate the presence of spin-dependent activation of RTN. Shot noise reveals the spin-dependent coherent tunneling process via a crystalline MgO barrier.
A fine structural modification of glycosaminoglycans is correlated with the progression of muscle regeneration after ischaemia: towards a matrix-based therapy? (2015)

Critical limb ischaemia often leads to amputation of the limb and potential mortality. Moreover, there are still significant problems with current therapeutic treatments, according to poor revascularisation of degenerated tissue probably due to modifications within the microenvironment. This study is focused on the changes of structure and bioactivity of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), especially heparan sulphate (HS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) in rat Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle after ischaemia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to ischaemic-injury by ligation of the neurovascular trunk accompanying EDL-tendon. After 4, 8, 15, 21, 60 and 90 d, the rats were sacrificed and the muscles were collected and submitted to histological, biochemical and gene expression assays. We demonstrated that ischaemia induced modification of expression of enzymes involved in GAG biosynthesis which correlated with significant changes in HS and CS structural features such as size and sulphation pattern. These major structural changes are associated to modifications of GAG abilities to bind growth factors and to modulate cell activity. Moreover, a CS hallmark of injury is maintained as well after the regeneration process. Finally, we showed the relevance of the role of this glycanic matrix remodelling, since a GAG mimetic treatment accelerated muscle repair after ischaemia.
Differentiation of functionally active mouse T lymphocytes from functionally inactive bone marrow precursors. III. Induction of T-cell activities by growth of bone marrow on feeder layers prepared from mouse thymocytes. (1979)

The ability of small and large T precursor cell pools to differentiate into mature functional T lymphocytes on thymus feeder cell layers or in the presence of a supernatant prepared from such feeder layers was compared. Evidence was obtained showing that the small cell pool differentiated as effectively in the presence of soluble factors prepared from the thymus cultures as in the presence of the thymus cells themselves. In contrast, large stem cells apparently needed cellular contact with the thymus feeder cultures in order to promote differentiation, though a time point could be found at which further differentiation from this precursor pool would also occur in the presence of the thymus culture supernatant only. These data concurred with evidence from in vivo experiments for two pools of T-cell precursors which differentiated in thymectomized or thymus-intact recipients respectively.
Optical-resolution confocal photoacoustic microscopy (2008)

A confocal photoacoustic microscope with improved lateral resolution has been developed by employing stronglyfocused bright field optical illumination and spherically focused 75-MHz ultrasonic detection. The lateral resolution was experimentally measured to be 5 &mu;m and the axial resolution was estimated to be 15 &mu;m. The maximum imaging depth was demonstrated to be greater than 0.7 mm. In <i>in vivo</i> experiments, microvessels with a diameter of ~ 5 &mu;m are imaged in small animals.
Supplementary Table 8 from Somatic Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations and Death of Cardiovascular Disease Causes among Cancer Survivors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 8: The effect of mosaic loss of X chromosome on death of cardiovascular disease causes, coronary artery disease causes, from cancer, and any cause of death&lt;/p&gt;
Conformation of intrazeolitic choline ions and the framework topology of zeolite hosts (2018)

The host-guest interactions in as-made zeolites Y, UZM-4, UZM-22, offretite, ferrierite, phillipsite, EU-12 and levyne, all of which were synthesized using choline as an organic structure-directing agent, have been investigated by a combination of different experimental techniques, including Raman, <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C CP MAS NMR and variable-temperature IR spectroscopies, together with theoretical calculations. The conformation of this asymmetric quaternary ammonium cation was shown to differ significantly according to the pore topology of the zeolite host and the intrazeolitic location of the organic guest molecule. Theoretical calculations using the pure-silica zeolite model reveal that among its three representative conformers (<i>i.e.</i>, <i>gauche</i>, <i>trans</i> and <i>trans</i>' forms), the conformer, which was experimentally found to dominantly or exclusively exist in zeolite structures studied, always has a lower interaction energy with the surrounding zeolite framework. Our work provides the first example in which the conformation of organic structure-directing agents plays an important kinetic role in governing the phase selectivity during zeolite nucleation.
Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays Driven by Inkjet-Printed High-Mobility Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2017)

A 3.2-in flexible color display, with a resolution of 50 ppi and composed of bottom-emission multiphoton organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with a bottom-gate/bottom-contact structure on a color filter, was developed. The device could successfully display color videos while being bent, and achieved a maximum luminance of 125 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with white light emission. The gate dielectrics of the OTFTs used on the backplane were bilayers of cardo polymer and Parylene, and the material used for the organic semiconductors was dithieno [2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene blended with polystyrene in tetralin solvent, which was coated using inkjet printing to sufficiently fill the banks composed of a fluorine-based polymer. OTFTs with a channel length of 5 μm were created using the above process, and the structure achieved a high mobility of 1.2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(V·s), making it suitable for flexible color OLED displays. The mobility was about three times as high as that obtained using solution shearing methods.
Steric effects on the carbonyl stretching frequencies of alkyl styryl ketones (1970)

Quantitative relationships between the carbonyl stretching frequency and the Taft σ* and Es parameters have been found for the s-cis- and s-trans-conformers of alkyl styryl ketones; estimates of the contribution by the steric parameter to these relationships have been made.
Carrier generation efficiency measurements on dispersions of photoconductive particles (1981)

A method for determining quantum efficiencies of carrier generation of photoconductive particles dispersed in inert polymer matrices is proposed. It has been applied to study generation efficiencies in x phase of x-metal-free phthalocyanine dispersed in a polystyrene n-butylmethacrylate copolymer matrix. Data for pigment concentration from 1% to 20% by weight give consistent values for the generation efficiencies, confirming the value of the proposed method.
Interpolation Techniques for MIMO OFDM with Interference Cancellation (2006)

A MIMO OFDM receiver with interference cancellation requires a channel estimation and matrix inversion on a sub-carrier basis. This is computationally intensive and can prevent a practical implementation. In this paper, we propose new interpolation algorithms for this type of receiver. To eliminate the need for a matrix inversion for each OFDM sub-carrier, the weight matrix is interpolated. Algorithms to determine the interference cancellation detection order are also introduced. The computation requirement of this receiver is greatly reduced while the performance degradation is acceptable. For example, for a normalized product of the rms delay spread by the interpolation factor below 6.25%, the degradation compared to the optimal solution is 2dB. The results also demonstrate that the impact of the sub-optimal interference cancellation detection order is non-significant compared to the coefficient matrix interpolation error and that using interference cancellation in a MIMO OFDM system with interpolation significantly improves the performance.
Scaling expressions for DC parameters of a Gummel-Poon based model for HBTs (2004)

The crucial and, at the same time, powerful, DC model scaling of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is addressed. The DC-model and its parameter extraction procedure were applied to model five AlGaAs/GaAs devices having an emitter area of 1/spl times/100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, 1/spl times/50 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, 1/spl times/25 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, 1/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and 1/spl times/4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. Then, fitting functions were developed to describe the variation of each model parameter to the emitter area of the device. The model predictions, using the scaling functions, are confirmed through their comparison to DC measurements of one of the used devices.
Ultracompact, multifunctional, and highly integrated 3×2 photonic switches (2004)

An ultracompact, multifunctional, and highly integrated photonic switch with a 3×2 configuration has been designed and fabricated with SiGe/Si material by using silicon-optical bench technology. This kind of switch can be used in fiber optic communications systems, photonic integrated circuits and wavelength division multiplexed networks as an optical power splitter, optical crossconnect, optical add-drop multiplexer, and wavelength division multiplexer simultaneously or individually. The function of the device is to combine multiwavelengths from different input channels and to switch them to different output channels. The operating wavelength range of the device is designed in C band, i.e., 1530–1570 nm. The device was characterized at 1540, 1550, and 1560 nm wavelengths. The performance at these wavelengths is found satisfactory. The measured insertion loss is less than 2 dB, ON/OFF ratio is greater than 30 dB, crosstalk is between −20 and −25 dB, and switching speed is 100–200 ns.
Efficient Raman generation in a waveguide: A route to ultrafast quantum random number generation (2014)

The inherent uncertainty in quantum mechanics offers a source of true randomness which can be used to produce unbreakable cryptographic keys. We discuss the development of a high-speed random number generator based on the quantum phase fluctuations in spontaneously initiated stimulated Raman scattering (SISRS). We utilize the tight confinement and long interaction length available in a Potassium Titanyl Phosphate waveguide to generate highly efficient SISRS using nanojoule pulse energies, reducing the high pump power requirements of the previous approaches. We measure the random phase of the Stokes output using a simple interferometric setup to yield quantum random numbers at 145 Mbps.
Looking inside Noun Compounds: Unsupervised Prepositional and Free Paraphrasing (2020)

A noun compound is a sequence of contiguous nouns that acts as a single noun, although the predicate denoting the semantic relation between its components is dropped. Noun Compound Interpretation is the task of uncovering the relation, in the form of a preposition or a free paraphrase. Prepositional paraphrasing refers to the use of preposition to explain the semantic relation, whereas free paraphrasing refers to invoking an appropriate predicate denoting the semantic relation. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised methodology for these two types of paraphrasing. We use pre-trained contextualized language models to uncover the 'missing' words (preposition or predicate). These language models are usually trained to uncover the missing word/words in a given input sentence. Our approach uses templates to prepare the input sequence for the language model. The template uses a special token to indicate the missing predicate. As the model has already been pre-trained to uncover a missing word (or a sequence of words), we exploit it to predict missing words for the input sequence.
Interactive Tree Decomposition Tool for Reducing System Analysis Complexity (2013)

We present a graphical tool for the calculation of treewidth, a metric on the parametric structure of a system that is intimately tied to the complexity of system analysis. For many graphically describable systems, such as systems of parametric equations, as in a SysML Parametric Diagram, or Bayesian networks or even mind maps and writing term papers, analysis of the system is exponential in treewidth and linear in system size. A tool facilitating comprehensive analysis can serve to bring competitive advantage to a systems engineering workflow by reducing costly unanticipated behaviors. Furthermore, a byproduct of computing treewidth is a framework for enumerating computationally compatible distributed algorithms. In this paper, we pose this NP-complete problem from the perspective of finding satisficing solutions, exposing choices that can influence the complexity of the resulting system to the designer. A designer can contribute two important things to the structure of the system: a visual intuition about the relationships between the underlying objects and the ability to change the relationships themselves at design time to reduce analysis complexity. Having a visual tool that provides instant feedback will help designers achieve an intuitive grasp of the relationship between design decisions and system complexity. As complexity is the root of almost every systems engineering problem, and also something not easily understood, incorporating complexity analysis into a design process should improve resulting system designs. The tool uses a randomized, anytime algorithm for interactive optimization of treewidth. It presents a sequence of choices to a designer and incrementally lowers an upper bound on system treewidth over time. This algorithm is novel, as few algorithms are targeted at interactivity with a human user. We present a number of simple examples for using the tool. We show how our tool helps to decompose some example systems, including a quadrotor optimization, a sensor network optimization, a Bayesian network, and a mind map.
Emotional GaRage (2018)

In-car emotion detection and regulation have become an emerging and important branch of research within the automotive domain. Different emotional states can greatly influence human driving performance and user experience both in manual and automated driving conditions. The monitoring and regulation of relevant emotional states is therefore important to avoid critical driving scenarios with the human driver being in charge, and to ensure comfort and acceptance in autonomous driving. In this workshop we want to discuss the empathic user interface research to address challenges and opportunities and to reveal new research directions for future work. This workshop provides a forum for exchange and discussion on empathic user interfaces, including methods for emotion recognition and regulation, empathic automotive human-machine interaction design, user evaluation and measurements, and subsequent improvement of autonomous driving experience.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Development of a Multiplex Quantitative PCR Signature to Predict Progression in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Development of a Multiplex Quantitative PCR Signature to Predict Progression in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
The Folding Propensity of α/Sulfono-γ-AA Peptidic Foldamers with Both Left- and Right-Handedness (2020)

Abstract The discovery and application of new types of helical peptidic foldamers have been an attractive endeavor to enable the development of new materials, catalysts and biological molecules. To maximize their application potential through structure-based design, it is imperative to control their helical handedness based on their molecular scaffold. Herein we first demonstrate the generalizability of the solid-state right-handed helical propensity of the 4 13 -helix of L-α/L-sulfono-γ-AA peptides that as short as 11-mer, using the high-resolution X-ray single crystallography. The atomic level folding conformation of the foldamers was also elucidated by 2D NMR and circular dichroism under various conditions. Subsequently, we show that the helical handedness of this class of foldamer is controlled by the chirality of their chiral side chains, as demonstrated by the left-handed 413-helix comprising 1:1 D-α/D-sulfono-γ-AA peptide. In addition, a heterochiral coiled-coil-like structure was also revealed for the first time, unambiguously supporting the impact of chirality on their helical handedness. Our findings enable the structure-based design of unique folding biopolymers and materials with the exclusive handedness or the racemic form of the foldamers in the future.
Metallic conductivity in bundles ofFeCl3-intercalated multiwall carbon nanotubes (1998)

We propose a model for the low-temperature conductivity of intercalated multiwall carbon nanotube bundles in terms of three-dimensional weak localization, with a weakly temperature-dependent inelastic scattering process, and interaction effect. At a crossover temperature ${T}^{*},$ weak localization conditions collapse and the intrinsic conduction process is observed at $T&gt;{T}^{*}.$
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Local transplantation of human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells accelerates fracture healing via enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis. (2010)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Local transplantation of human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells accelerates fracture healing via enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis.