gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-Emitting Photon-Upconversion Nanoparticles in the Generation of Transdermal Reactive-Oxygen Species (2017)

Common photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy do not penetrate the skin effectively. In addition, the visible blue and red lights used to excite such photosensitizers have shallow penetration depths through tissue. To overcome these limitations, we have synthesized ultraviolet- and visible-light-emitting, energy-transfer-based upconversion nanoparticles and coencapsulated them inside PLGA-PEG (methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticles with the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. Nd<sup>3+</sup> has been introduced as a sensitizer in the upconversion nanostructure to allow its excitation at 808 nm. The subcytotoxic doses of the hybrid nanoparticles have been evaluated on different cell lines (i.e., fibroblasts, HaCaT, THP-1 monocytic cell line, U251MG (glioblastoma cell line), and mMSCs (murine mesenchymal stem cells). Upon NIR (near infrared)-light excitation, the upconversion nanoparticles emitted UV and VIS light, which consequently activated the generation of reactive-oxygen species (ROS). In addition, after irradiating at 808 nm, the resulting hybrid nanoparticles containing both upconversion nanoparticles and protoporphyrin IX generated 3.4 times more ROS than PLGA-PEG nanoparticles containing just the same dose of protoporphyrin IX. Their photodynamic effect was also assayed on different cell cultures, demonstrating their efficacy in selectively killing treated and irradiated cells. Compared to the topical application of the free photosensitizer, enhanced skin permeation and penetration were observed for the nanoparticulate formulation, using an ex vivo human-skin-permeation experiment. Whereas free protoporphyrin IX remained located at the outer layer of the skin, nanoparticle-encapsulated protoporphyrin IX was able to penetrate through the epidermal layer slightly into the dermis.
Supplementary table and figure legends from Use of Angiotensin System Inhibitors Is Associated with Immune Activation and Longer Survival in Nonmetastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary table and figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
Application of VCSEL's to a range of bioengineering assays (2004)

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) have been used for variety of applications including data storage, data readout, detection, and optical interconnects. Here, we present the application of VCSELs for manipulation and sorting of live cells.
Major Contributors to Hospital Mortality in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Data of the Birth Year 2010 Cohort of the German Neonatal Network (2012)

The German Neonatal Network (GNN) is a prospective cohort study with the focus on long term development of very-low-birth-weight infants. It was the aim of this study to determine detailed information on causes of mortality in the GNN birth cohort 2010.Major contributors to hospital mortality were recorded by the attending neonatologists for the cohort of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants born in centres of the German Neonatal Network (GNN) in 2010. The data quality was approved by on-site monitoring.2 221 VLBW infants were born in GNN centres in 2010, and death occurred in 221 infants. Male infants carried a higher risk than females (58.8% males among non-survivors vs. 51.7% among survivors, p=0.047). In 11 infants, the major contributor to death was not determined by the attending neonatologist. In 25 infants born at the limit of viability, comfort palliative care was primarily initiated and 14 infants had lethal malformations. The majority of non-survivors suffered from inflammatory diseases including sepsis- or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-associated death (n=56). Respiratory pathology was a major contributor to death in 65 infants including 11 infants who died from pulmonary haemorrhage.Potentially preventable complications of preterm birth such as sepsis, NEC and pulmonary haemorrhage predominate the major contributors to mortality in the GNN 2010 cohort. In order to decrease the rate of these associated deaths, future trials should focus on prophylaxis and therapy optimization strategies for these outcomes.
Update on Enucleation and Evisceration Surgery* (1985)

The best operative results with fewest complications after enucleation surgery can be achieved by following basic principles, some of which are those of conservative tissue excision, using spherical implants placed behind Tenon's capsule into the muscle cone and avoiding surgical techniques that overlap the extraocular muscles (especially the superior rectus) over the front of the implant. The presence of an intraocular tumor demands that an enucleation be done. When the possible development of sympathetic ophthalmia is not present, the surgeon should consider doing an evisceration because of the cosmetic and motility advantages. Mention is made of some developments in enucleation surgery, such as the scleral cap reinforcement, the "baseball" implant technique using donor sclera, the use of liquid nitrogen to freeze intraocular tumors before removal of the eye, the dermis-fat orbital graft, and the use of two spherical orbital implants instead of one.
Trigol based reduction of graphite oxide to graphene with enhanced charge storage activity (2012)

A triethylene glycol (trigol) based simple approach is reported for the reduction of graphite oxide (GO). This protocol produces high quality graphene which we term as trigol reduced graphene (TRG) and its relevant properties including electrical conductivity and energy storage capacity are comparable to those of graphene obtained by the conventional hydrazine based approach. The achieved specific capacitance for TRG is 130 F g−1 with an energy density value of 18 W h kg−1. This work opens up a new promising synthetic route for the development of graphene and graphene based nanocomposites for various energy related applications.
Stainless Steel Extrusions and Product Properties for High Pressure-High Temperature (HPHT) Applications (2018)

Extrusion process produces semi-finished product that provides significant savings in machining and fabrication of the finished components. Plymouth Engineered Shapes (PES) employs forward extrusion techniques to produce products up to 40 feet long that are utilized in power generation, nuclear, and petrochemical applications where it is critical to meet or exceed ASME piping, boiler and pressure vessels code specifications. The extrusion process has been successfully employed to manufacture components such as various types of valve bodies, manifolds, adapters and more that are targeted for elevated temperature applications up to 1200°F and under high pressures up to 10,000 PSIG. Critical product characteristics include flatness, straightness, twist, angularity, surface quality and dimensions over the full length. This paper presents an overview of the carbon steel and stainless steel extrusion process, the room temperature and elevated temperature mechanical properties, metallographic characterization, testing requirements and the applications of such products. Properties are also be compared to those produced by the conventional hot rolling and forging operations.
Comment (1970)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Analyzing and mapping regional land use trends by combining LANDSAT and topographic data (1980)

Digital Landsat data and U-2 aerial photography for the Columbia Plateau region of eastern Washington and Oregon have been combined in order to estimate the total amount of cropland irrigated in this area during 1979 and the amount of growth in irrigated cropland between 1975 and 1979. Four Landsat scenes were required to cover the study area. Each of these scenes were classified scenes were then registered with a stereographic map projection and merged into one file. Irrigated cropland, water, and other land cover classes within this file were edited to conform with U-2 aerial photographs and Landsat color composite prints from 1975 and 1979. Land use data derived from 1975 Landsat imagery (Stephan et al., 1979, Leonhart et al., 1980) were then registered to the same map projection and a map displaying irrigated crop land in 1979 and growth of irrigated cropland between 1975 and 1979 was produced using the discrete table lookup method. The total irrigated cropland for 1979 was found to be 4281 square miles, which represents a 20% increase over 1975. The amount and location of the new irrigated cropland provides essential input into ongoing ground water studies for this region.
Sub-wavelength transmission and reflection mode tabletop imaging with 13nm illumination via ptychography CDI (2017)

EUV lithography is promising for addressing upcoming, &lt;10nm nodes for the semiconductor industry, but with this promise comes the need for reliable metrology techniques. In particular, there is a need for actinic mask inspection in which the imaging wavelength matches that of the intended lithography process, so that the most relevant defects are detected. Here, we demonstrate tabletop, ptychographic, coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) in reflection- and transmission-modes of extended samples, using a 13 nm high harmonic generation (HHG) source. We achieve the first sub-wavelength resolution EUV image (0.9&lambda;) in transmission, the highest spatial resolution using any 13.5 nm source to date. We also present the first reflection-mode image obtained on a tabletop using 12.7 nm light. This work represents the first 12.7 nm reflection-mode image using any source of a general sample.
1316 Development of reaction-force sensible equipment from trabecular bone during oral implant surgery (2010)

The bone quality of trabecular bone affects the acheivement of the oral implant surgery, however its priori estimatation is difficult and the doctors have to confirm it from force sensation during the surgery. In this reasarch, the reaction-force sensible equipment has been proposed to inherit this feeling to the young doctors by using an actuator, a database and an actual drill. By forcing the top of the actuator, using the drill, the input force is measured and is transferred to the database, which is constructed by considering the characteristic of trabecular bone using FEM anlayses. Then the database gives back the drilling speed, depending on how much force is applied, to the actuator. Due to the use of the actual surgical device, the doctors are able to feel the weight, the vibration, and hear the sound, and therefore they feel as if they are in real surgery.
Bis(triethylphosphine)gold(I) chloride: ionization in aqueous solution, reduction in vitro of the external and internal disulfide bonds of bovine serum albumin and antiarthritic activity (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(triethylphosphine)gold(I) chloride: ionization in aqueous solution, reduction in vitro of the external and internal disulfide bonds of bovine serum albumin and antiarthritic activityAnvarhusein A. Isab, Anne L. Hormann, David T. Hill, Don E. Griswold, Michael J. DiMartino, and C. Frank Shaw IIICite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 7, 1321–1326Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00306a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (787 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association of Mannose-Binding-Lectin-2-gene Polymorphism to the Development of Hepatitis-C-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2011)

Development of end-stage liver and graft disease is suspected to be partially determined by individual genetic background. Mannose-binding lectin-2 (MBL-2) is an important immunomodullatory factor, which is supposed to be involved in complement activation and oncogenesis. Genetic polymorphisms of MBL-2 alter the protein functionality. Aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of MBL-2-polymorphism (rs7096206) in HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on histological analysis of explanted livers in patients undergoing liver transplantation.
Devices and architectures for large-scale integrated silicon photonics circuits (2011)

We present DWDM nanophotonics architectures based on microring resonator modulators and detectors. We focus on two implementations: an on chip interconnect for multicore processor (Corona) and a high radix network switch (HyperX). Based on the requirements of these applications we discuss the key constraints on the photonic circuits' devices and fabrication techniques as well as strategies to improve their performance.
Study of the dispersion of nonlinear refraction in InSb (2006)

We studied the nonlinear refraction due to bound electrons in InSb using femtosecond pulses in the range of 8-13 pm and show that the nonlinear refraction coefficient changes sign at a wavelength around 10 pm.
New Sources of Resistance to Greenbug in Wheat (1991)

A new greenbug [ Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] Biotype G (GBG) damages all known sources of resistance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and poses a potential new threat to wheat production. Resistance to GBG was detected in germplasm originating from hybridizations using x‐ray irradiated pollen of wheat/rye ( Secale cereale L.) hybrids to pollinate hard red winter wheat females. Te GBG‐resistant wheat germplasms exhibited high levels of resistance to all economically important greenbug biotypes (i.e., B,C,E, and G) at the seedling stage. This germplasm should be extremely valuable in the development of new multibiotype greenbug‐resistant cultivars.
Optical design using luminance in ray data sets (2012)

Ray data sets describing light sources for illumination commonly contain starting points, directions and fl flux, and sometimes color. Simply adding luminance in addition to the flux which is already there, we gain useful design options not available otherwise. Adding luminance provides all information needed to apply the abstract, phase space based, concept of selecting maximum flux from given ètendue to real sources. Many light sources, e.g. arc lamps for projection, are used in rotationally symmetric optical systems. It is well known that the conservation of skewness imposes additional constraints on which parts of the source phase space can be transferred to the target. While it has been impractical in the past to apply this concept in practice, especially for sources with inhomogeneous luminance, we show how ray data sets including luminance can be readily used to determine fundamental upper limits on flux transfer efficiency in these cases, providing a valuable benchmark for actual optical designs.
SA-HMTS: A Secure and Adaptive Hierarchical Multi-timescale Framework for Resilient Load Restoration Using A Community Microgrid (2022)

Distribution system integrated community microgrids (CMGs) can partake in restoring loads during extended duration outages. At such times, the CMG is challenged with limited resource availability, absence of robust grid support, and heightened demand-supply uncertainty. This paper proposes a secure and adaptive three-stage hierarchical multi-timescale framework for scheduling and real-time (RT) dispatch of CMGs with hybrid PV systems to address these challenges. The framework enables the CMG to dynamically expand its boundary to support the neighboring grid sections and is adaptive to the changing forecast error impacts. The first stage solves a stochastic extended duration scheduling (EDS) problem to obtain referral plans for optimal resource rationing. The intermediate near-real-time (NRT) scheduling stage updates the EDS schedule closer to the dispatch time using newly obtained forecasts, followed by the RT dispatch stage. To make the dispatch decisions more secure and robust against forecast errors, a novel concept called delayed recourse is proposed. The methodology is evaluated via numerical simulations on a modified IEEE 123-bus system and validated using OpenDSS/hardware-in-loop simulations. The results show superior performance in maximizing load supply and continuous secure CMG operation under numerous operating scenarios.
Estradiol enhances neurogenesis following ischemic stroke through estrogen receptors α and β (2006)

Neurogenesis persists throughout life under normal and degenerative conditions. The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) generates neural stem cells capable of differentiating to neuroblasts and migrating to the site of injury in response to brain insults. In the present study, we investigated whether estradiol increases neurogenesis in the SVZ in an animal model of stroke to potentially promote the ability of the brain to undergo repair. Ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice were implanted with capsules containing either vehicle or 17beta-estradiol, and 1 week later they underwent experimental ischemia. We utilized double-label immunocytochemistry to identify the phenotype of newborn cells (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled) with various cellular markers; doublecortin and PSA-NCAM as the early neuronal marker, NeuN to identify mature neurons, and glial fibrillary acidic protein to identify astrocytes. We report that low physiological levels of estradiol treatment, which exert no effect in the uninjured state, significantly increase the number of newborn neurons in the SVZ following stroke injury. This effect of estradiol is limited to the dorsal region of the SVZ and is absent from the ventral SVZ. The proliferative actions of estradiol are confined to neuronal precursors and do not influence gliosis. Furthermore, we show that both estrogen receptors alpha and beta play pivotal functional roles, insofar as knocking out either of these receptors blocks the ability of estradiol to increase neurogenesis. These findings clearly demonstrate that estradiol stimulates neurogenesis in the adult SVZ, thus potentially facilitating the brain to remodel and repair after injury.
Photon Emission Microscopy of Amorphous HfO2 ReRAM Cells (2022)

In this paper, we study the photon emission from filaments formed in amorphous HfO2 Resistive Random-Access Memory (ReRAM) cells and compare it to previous results from crystalline cells. Both a CCD and an InGaAs camera are used to observe the photon emission in set/reset state using forward/reverse bias voltage. An electric field model and a uniform Poisson spatial distribution model can be used to model the photon emission on both types of cell types.
Diffusion bonding and brazing of high purity copper for linear collider accelerator structures (2001)

Diffusion bonding and brazing of high purity copper were investigated to develop procedures for joining precision machined copper components for the Next Linear Collider (NLC). Diffusion bonds were made over a range of temperatures from 400 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to 1000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, under two different loading conditions [3.45 kPa (0.5 psi) and 3.45 MPa (500 psi)], and on two different diamond machined surface finishes. Brazes were made using pure silver, pure gold, and gold-nickel alloys, and different heating rates produced by both radiation and induction heating. Braze materials were applied by both physical vapor deposition (PVD) and conventional braze alloy shims. Results of the diffusion bonding experiments showed that bond strengths very near that of the copper base metal could be made at bonding temperatures of 700 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C or higher at 3.45 MPa bonding pressure. At lower temperatures, only partial strength diffusion bonds could be made. At low bonding pressures (3.45 kPa), full strength bonds were made at temperatures of 800 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and higher, while no bonding (zero strength) was observed at temperatures of 700 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and lower. Observations of the fracture surfaces of the diffusion bonded samples showed the effects of surface finish on the bonding mechanism. These observations clearly indicate that bonding began by point asperity contact, and flatter surfaces resulted in a higher percentage of bonded area under similar bonding conditions. Results of the brazing experiments indicated that pure silver worked very well for brazing under both conventional and high heating rate scenarios. Similarly, pure silver brazed well for both the PVD layers and the braze alloy shims. The gold and gold-containing brazes had problems, mainly due to the high diffusivity of gold in copper. These problems led to the necessity of overdriving the temperature to ensure melting, the presence of porosity in the joint, and very wide braze joints. Based on the overall findings of this study, a two-step joining method is proposed for fabricating the NLC structures. The structure would be assembled with pure silver braze inserts using a self-aligning step joint design, then the assembly would be vacuum diffusion bonded at 700 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 3.45 MPa pressure to seal the critical inner portion of the assembly. Finally, during the same furnace cycle, the temperature would be increased to 800 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in order to react the silver with the copper to form a liquid braze alloy that would join and seal the outer portion of the cells together.
A Digital-Calibration Technique for Redundant Radix-4 Pipelined Analog-to-Digital Converters (2007)

This paper describes a digital-calibration technique, which corrects gain errors due to capacitor mismatch and offset errors due to charge injection in redundant radix-4 pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The error coefficients are directly measured using an integral nonlinearity (INL) plot. The proposed method simplifies the error-measurement process and removes on-chip measurement circuits in the ADC. Computer simulations show that the maximum INL of 15 LSB in an uncalibrated 15-bit ADC is reduced to less than 0.3 LSB using the digital calibration.
HIV-1 Envelope Overcomes NLRP3-Mediated Inhibition of F-Actin Polymerization for Viral Entry (2019)

Purinergic receptors and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) proteins have been shown to control viral infection. Here, we show that the NLR family member NLRP3 and the purinergic receptor P2Y2 constitutively interact and regulate susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. We found that NLRP3 acts as an inhibitory factor of viral entry that represses F-actin remodeling. The binding of the HIV-1 envelope to its host cell receptors (CD4, CXCR4, and/or CCR5) overcomes this restriction by stimulating P2Y2. Once activated, P2Y2 enhances its interaction with NLRP3 and stimulates the recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL to NLRP3, ultimately leading to NLRP3 degradation. NLRP3 degradation is permissive for PYK2 phosphorylation (PYK2Y402<sup>∗</sup>) and subsequent F-actin polymerization, which is required for the entry of HIV-1 into host cells. Taken together, our results uncover a mechanism by which HIV-1 overcomes NLRP3 restriction that appears essential for the accomplishment of the early steps of HIV-1 entry.