gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single- and double-helix chiral fiber sensors (2007)

Copropagating core and cladding modes in optical fibers can be coupled by a grating with a period greatly exceeding the wavelength, since their propagation constants are similar. In contrast to conventional long-period gratings, in which the modulation is imposed by exposing a photosensitive core to ultraviolet light, we have created chiral long-period gratings with single- or double-helix symmetry by twisting optical fibers with nonconcentric or noncircular cores, respectively, as they pass through a short heat zone. The difference in symmetry between single- and double-helix gratings is manifested in their polarization properties. The use of these gratings as sensors of liquid level and temperature is demonstrated.
Porous membrane enabled mass spectrometry characterization of microfluidic devices (2023)

A system for sampling a liquid includes a sample fluid conduit including a membrane having pores. The membrane prevents the passage of the sample liquid through the pores at a first pressure of the sample liquid in the sample fluid conduit. A surface sampling capture probe has a distal end. The capture probe includes a solvent supply conduit and a solvent exhaust conduit. A solvent composition flowing at the distal end of the capture probe establishes a liquid junction with the membrane and establishes a second pressure within the liquid junction at the membrane. The second pressure is lower than the first pressure. Sample liquid will be drawn through the pores of the membrane by the second pressure at the liquid junction. A method for sampling a liquid and for performing chemical analysis on a liquid are also disclosed.
Small non-coding RNAs in plant-pathogenicXanthomonasspp (2014)

The genus Xanthomonas comprises a large group of plant-pathogenic bacteria. The infection and bacterial multiplication in the plant tissue depends on the type III secretion system and other virulence determinants. Recent studies revealed that bacterial virulence is also controlled at the post-transcriptional level by small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs). In this review, we highlight our current knowledge about sRNAs and RNA-binding proteins in Xanthomonas species.
Laser Desorption Single-Photon Ionization of Asphaltenes: Mass Range, Compound Sensitivity, and Matrix Effects (2012)

Molecular-level characterization of petroleum asphaltenes is important for addressing reservoir concerns such as connectivity and flow assurance. Laser desorption single-photon ionization mass spectrometry (LDSPI-MS) has emerged as a favored technique for asphaltene analysis, because of its ability to detect these samples with minimal artifacts from fragmentation, aggregation, and multiple charging. However, questions persist regarding the sensitivity of LDSPI-MS to different components of asphaltenes, the molecular weight range detectable with the technique, and the importance of matrix effects. We present LDSPI-MS mass spectra of mixtures of model compounds and asphaltenes in various matrices to assess the significance of these effects. We observe that LDSPI-MS has comparable sensitivity for all studied model compounds and for asphaltenes, including compounds with molecular weight exceeding 1500 Da. In addition, only a minimal matrix effect is observed, as expected from considerations of the desorption and ionization mechanisms. The results add confidence to the previous conclusion of an LDSPI-MS study, in particular that (i) 1500 Da represents a maximum molecular weight for asphaltenes and (ii) the lack of fragmentation implies the dominance of island geometries in asphaltenes.
Using acoustic phase to estimate change in acoustic travel time. (1991)

A signal processing technique is described that provides precise estimates of the change in travel time of acoustic pulses using an optimal combination of multipath phase and amplitude [J. L. Spiesberger etal., J. Oceanogr. Eng. 14, 108–119 (1989)]. Limits to the precision of the estimator for basin-scale transmissions (0.135 ms at 2-min interval) are imposed by internal waves rather than acoustic noise. The technique does not require any understanding of the spatial coordinates of acoustic paths between the source and receiver and is thus easy to use. The technique was used in the Heard Island feasibility experiment. Applications of this signal processing technique to new observations of mode 1 internal waves in the north Pacific Basin are also discussed.
Impact of Interface Energetic Alignment and Mobile Ions on Charge Carrier Accumulation and Extraction in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells (2023)

Abstract Understanding the kinetic competition between charge extraction and recombination, and how this is impacted by mobile ions, remains a key challenge in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, this issue is addressed by combining operando photoluminescence (PL) measurements, which allow the measurement of real‐time PL spectra during current–voltage ( J–V ) scans under 1‐sun equivalent illumination, with the results of drift‐diffusion simulations. This operando PL analysis allows direct comparison between the internal performance (recombination currents and quasi‐Fermi‐level‐splitting (QFLS)) and the external performance ( J–V ) of a PSC during operation. Analyses of four PSCs with different electron transport materials (ETMs) quantify how a deeper ETM LUMO induces greater interfacial recombination, while a shallower LUMO impedes charge extraction. Furthermore, it is found that a low ETM mobility leads to charge accumulation in the perovskite under short‐circuit conditions. However, thisalone cannot explain the remarkably high short‐circuit QFLS of over 1 eV which is observed in all devices. Instead, drift‐diffusion simulations allow this effect to be assigned to the presence of mobile ions which screen the internal electric field at short‐circuit and lead to a reduction in the short‐circuit current density by over 2 mA cm −2 in the best device.
A re-examination of radioimmunotherapy in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: prospects for dual-targeted antibody/radioantibody therapy (2009)

Antibody-based therapies, both unconjugated antibodies and radioimmunotherapy, have had a significant impact on the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Single-agent rituximab is an effective therapy, but it is being increasingly used with combination chemotherapy to improve the objective response and its duration. The approved anti-CD20 radioimmunoconjugates ((90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan or (131)I-tositumomab) have had encouraging results, with trials now seeking to incorporate a radioimmunoconjugate in various settings. However, new preclinical data raise important questions concerning current radioimmunoconjugate treatment regimens and ways to improve them. In radioconjugate therapy, nearly 900 mg of the unlabeled anti-CD20 IgG antibody is predosed to the patient before the anti-CD20 antibody conjugated to either (90)Y or (131)I is given. Combining an unconjugated anti-CD20 antibody therapy with a radioimmunoconjugate binding to a noncompeting antigen might improve responses by allowing optimal uptake of each agent. Preclinical models have indicated that careful consideration should be given to predosing when using competing antibodies, but that consolidation anti-CD20 therapy enhances the efficacy of radioimmunoconjugate therapy. New technologies, such as pretargeted radioimmunotherapy, also hold promise by reducing toxicity without sacrificing efficacy, and consideration should be given to fractionating or giving multiple radioimmunoconjugate treatments. This perspective discusses how these issues could affect current and future clinical trials.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Four Monoclonal Antibody Combination against Botulinum C and D Neurotoxins (2019)

Botulism is caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), the most poisonous substance known. BoNTs are also classified as Tier 1 biothreat agents due to their high potency and lethality. The existence of seven BoNT serotypes (A-G), which differ between 35% to 68% in amino acid sequence, necessitates the development of serotype specific countermeasures. We present results of a Phase 1 clinical study of an anti-toxin to BoNT serotypes C and D, NTM-1634, which consists of an equimolar mixture of four fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), each binding to non-overlapping epitopes on BoNT serotypes C and D resulting in potent toxin neutralization in rodents. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of escalating doses of NTM-1634 administered intravenously to healthy adults (NCT03046550). Three cohorts of eight healthy subjects received a single intravenous dose of NTM-1634 or placebo at 0.33 mg/kg, 0.66 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg. Follow-up examinations and pharmacokinetic evaluations were continued up to 121 days post-infusion. Subjects were monitored using physical examinations, hematology and chemistry blood tests, and electrocardiograms. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods. The results demonstrated that the materials were safe and well-tolerated with the expected half-lives for human mAbs and with minimal anti-drug antibodies detected over the dose ranges and duration of the study.
Extending Foldamer Design beyond α-Helix Mimicry: α/β-Peptide Inhibitors of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling (2012)

Diverse strategies have been explored to mimic the surface displayed by an α-helical segment of a protein, with the goal of creating inhibitors of helix-mediated protein-protein interactions. Many recognition surfaces on proteins, however, are topologically more complex and less regular than a single α-helix. We describe efforts to develop peptidic foldamers that bind to the irregular receptor-recognition surface of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our approach begins with a 19-residue α-peptide previously reported by Fairbrother et al. (Biochemistry 1998, 37, 17754) to bind to this surface on VEGF. Systematic evaluation of α→β replacements throughout this 19-mer sequence enabled us to identify homologues that contain up to ~30% β residues, retain significant affinity for VEGF, and display substantial resistance to proteolysis. These α/β-peptides can block VEGF-stimulated proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Phase II trial of topotecan, cisplatin, and bevacizumab for recurrent or persistent cervical cancer. (2012)

5101 Background: The prognosis associated with recurrent or persistent cervical cancer is exceedingly poor. GOG-179 demonstrated a survival benefit with the combination of cisplatin and topotecan compared to single-agent cisplatin, with the former showing median PFS of 4.6 months, median OS of 9.4 months, and a 27% objective response rate. The role of angiogenesis in cervical carcinogenesis and progression has been well documented. We evaluated the activity and safety of the combination of topotecan, cisplatin and bevacizumab in patients with incurable carcinoma of the cervix. Methods: Patients with histologically proven measurable recurrent or persistent cervical carcinoma not amenable to curative intent treatment were eligible. No prior chemotherapy for recurrence was allowed. Cisplatin 50 mg/m 2 day 1, topotecan 0.75 mg/m 2 days 1, 2 and 3 and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg day 1 were prescribed in a 21-day cycle. Cytokine support was allowed at physician discretion. The primary endpoint was 6-month PFS. Additionally, objective clinical response and toxicity were evaluated. Accrual goal (N=27) was based on a 50% improvement goal in 6-month PFS in relation to GOG-179 (40% to 60%), with a one-sided 0.10 significance and 80% power. Results: 27 eligible patients received a median of 3 treatment cycles (range, 1-19). All patients received radiotherapy as part of their first line treatment. Median follow-up was 8.5 months (1.2-32.9). The 6-month PFS was 59% (95%CI: 38.0-74.7). Among 26 RECIST-evaluable patients, objective response rates were (%; 95%CI): 1 CR (4%; 1-19.6), 7 PR (27%; 11.6-47.8), 11 SD (42%; 23.4-63.1) and 7 PD (27%; 11.6-47.8). Median OS was 9.8 months (95%CI: 7.7-20.6) and median PFS was 7.1 months (95%CI: 2.0-12.1). Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 96% of patients (thrombocytopenia 93% leukopenia 70%, anemia 70%, neutropenia 59%). Other grade 3-4 toxicities were also common (metabolic 48%, pain 37%, genitourinary 30%, constitutional 22% and gastrointestinal 19%). Conclusions: The addition of bevacizumab totopotecan and cisplatin results in a highly active but toxic regimen. Future efforts should focus on identification of predictive biomarkers and treatment modifications to minimize toxicity.
A joint PHY/MAC architecture for low‐radiated power TH‐UWB wireless ad hoc networks (2005)

Abstract Due to environmental concerns and strict constraints on interference imposed on other networks, the radiated power of emerging pervasive wireless networks needs to be strictly limited, yet without sacrificing acceptable data rates. Pulsed time‐hopping ultra‐wideband (TH‐UWB) is a radio technology that has the potential to satisfy this requirement. Although TH‐UWB is a multi‐user radio technology, non‐zero cross‐correlation between TH sequences, time‐asynchronicity between sources and a multipath channel environment make it sensitive to strong interferers and near‐far scenarios. While most protocols manage interference and multiple‐access through power control or mutual exclusion, we base our design on rate control, a relatively unexplored dimension for multiple‐access and interference management. We further take an advantage of the nature of pulsed TH‐UWB to propose an interference mitigation scheme that alleviates the need for an exclusion scheme. A source is always allowed to send and continuously adapts its channel code (hence its rate) to the interference experienced at the destination. In contrast to power control or exclusion, our MAC layer is local to sender and receiver, and does not need coordination among neighbors not involved in the transmission. We show by simulation that we achieve a significant increase in the network throughput compared to alternative designs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Development of an intracellularly acting inhibitory peptide selective for PKN (2009)

PKNs form a subfamily of the AGC serine/threonine protein kinases, and have a catalytic domain homologous with that of PKC (protein kinase C) in the C-terminal region and three characteristic ACC (antiparallel coiled-coil) domain repeats in the N-terminal region. The preferred peptide phosphorylation motif for PKNs determined by a combinatorial peptide library method was highly similar to that of PKCs within a 10-amino-acid stretch. Previously reported PKN inhibitory compounds also inhibit PKCs to a similar extent, and no PKN selective inhibitors have been commercially available. We have identified a 15-amino-acid peptide inhibitor of PKNs based on amino acids 485-499 of the C-terminal region of the C2-like domain of PKN1. This peptide, designated as PRL, selectively inhibits the kinase activity of all isoforms of PKN (Ki=0.7 muM) towards a peptide substrate, as well as autophosphorylation activity of PKN in vitro, in contrast with PKC. Reversible conjugation by a disulfide bond of a carrier peptide bearing a penetration accelerating sequence to PRL, facilitated the cellular uptake of this peptide and significantly inhibited phosphorylation of tau by PKN1 at the PKN1-specific phosphorylation site in vivo. This peptide may serve as a valuable tool for investigating PKN activation and PKN-mediated responses.
Interconnect-Based PUF With Signature Uniqueness Enhancement (2019)

Physical unclonable function (PUF) is an important security primitive, which generates unique signatures as fingerprints for each chip. This article first presents a novel interconnect-based PUF (iPUF). The proposed iPUF utilizes the manufacturing process variability of interconnect lines to introduce crosstalk variations for generating PUF signatures. By leveraging the variations of passive interconnects, iPUF minimizes the usage of active CMOS components, providing an increased resiliency against environmental variations and aging. Initiated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), iPUF sequentially generates 1-bit signature at each clock cycle, making it more efficient compared with ring-oscillator PUF. Second, two schemes for signature uniqueness enhancement of sequential PUFs are proposed. The self-masking scheme windows the sequential signature with an m-bit mask trained by the PUF's own initial sequential signature. Meanwhile, the bit-filtering scheme screens the randomness of each bit within the sequential signature by exploiting several sub-iPUFs and selects the bits with high randomness. To verify the performance of iPUF, Monte Carlo simulations of 500 samples, with variations following industrial data, are conducted in different operating corners. The uniqueness of the given sample set approaches 48.63% with a 10-bit mask. With ±10% supply voltage, 0 °C-100 °C temperature variations, as well as one year of unaccelerated aging, iPUF's reliability values, are as high as 96.09%, 99.06%, and 99.63%, respectively. For verification, 50 dies of iPUF chips are manufactured with a 55-nm technology node. Silicon results demonstrate that iPUF generates 1024-bit signatures with satisfied uniqueness (48.03%) while exhibiting good reliability (90.07%) under 120-mV voltage variations. Finally, iPUF's robustness against various attacks is also proven.
A parametric array PMUT loudspeaker with high efficiency and wide flat bandwidth (2015)

A previous study demonstrated that a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) could be used to construct a PA loudspeaker, and developed a prototype. In this paper, we describe the performance of a PA loudspeaker fabricated using a more developed package. Our PA loudspeaker consists of an array of PMUTs with two resonance frequencies and uses an `out-of-phase' driving technique, resulting in high power efficiency (up to 71%) and a wide flat radiation bandwidth. We also describe the characteristics of the PA sound, which depend on the method used to modulate the audible signal.
Hydropiperside, a new Sphingoglycolipid from Polygonum hydropiper (2015)

One new sphingoglycolipid, hydropiperside, along with two known compounds, flaccidine and quercetin were isolated from the methanolic extract of Polygonum hydropiper. Elucidation of structures was achieved by NMR (1D and 2D) data, mass (EI and FAB) spectroscopy and chemical means.
Anatomic and Molecular Imaging in Prostate Cancer (2017)

Prostate cancer is characterized by a complex set of heterogeneous disease states. This review aims to describe how imaging has been studied within each specific state. As physicians transition into an era of precision medicine, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is proving to be a powerful tool leading the way for a paradigm shift in the diagnosis and management of localized prostate cancer. With further research and development, molecular imaging modalities will likely change the way we approach recurrent and metastatic disease. Given the range of possible oncological progression patterns, a thorough understanding of the underlying carcinogenesis, as it relates to imaging, is a requisite if we are to appropriately manage prostate cancer in future decades.
Anti‐obesity efficacy of LH‐21, a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist with poor brain penetration, in diet‐induced obese rats (2011)

These results support the hypothesis that treatment with the peripherally neutral acting CB(1) receptor antagonist, LH-21, may promote weight loss through modulation of visceral adipose tissue.
Dispersion slope controlled HNL-DSF with high γ of 25 W -1 km -1 and band conversion experiment using this fiber (2002)

HNL-DSF with dispersion slope of 0.013 ps/nm2/km and gamma of 25 W-1km-1 was fabricated. This dispersion slope is reduced to less than half value of ordinary HNL-DSFs. This fabricated HNL-DSF can relax the pumping wavelength accuracy and extend the conversion range. The advantage of lower dispersion slope HNL-DSF was described in this paper
308 Estimation of Excitation Force Generated with a Machine in Operating Condition Based on Frequency Response Functions (2003)

This paper presents a method for estimating the exciting forces that cause the structure borne sound. First, in order to specify the number of the sources, principal component analysis of the operational responses is carried out. Secondly, the exciting forces are calculated using the frequency response functions measured indirectly and the operational responses. In addition, in order to evaluate the vibration due to estimated forces using the statistical modal analysis, a modeling method of the support structure that is constituted with some components are proposed. In this model, the estimated forces are considered using the shaping filter.
Measured Wavelength-Dependent Absorption Enhancement of Internally Mixed Black Carbon with Absorbing and Nonabsorbing Materials (2016)

Optical absorption spectra of laboratory generated aerosols consisting of black carbon (BC) internally mixed with nonabsorbing materials (ammonium sulfate, AS, and sodium chloride, NaCl) and BC with a weakly absorbing brown carbon surrogate derived from humic acid (HA) were measured across the visible to near-IR (550 to 840 nm). Spectra were measured in situ using a photoacoustic spectrometer and step-scanning a supercontinuum laser source with a tunable wavelength and bandwidth filter. BC had a mass-specific absorption cross section (MAC) of 7.89 ± 0.25 m(2) g(-1) at λ = 550 nm and an absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of 1.03 ± 0.09 (2σ). For internally mixed BC, the ratio of BC mass to the total mass of the mixture was chosen as 0.13 to mimic particles observed in the terrestrial atmosphere. The manner in which BC mixed with each material was determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AS/BC and HA/BC particles were fully internally mixed, and the BC was both internally and externally mixed for NaCl/BC particles. The AS/BC, NaCl/BC, and HA/BC particles had AAEs of 1.43 ± 0.05, 1.34 ± 0.06, and 1.91 ± 0.05, respectively. The observed absorption enhancement of mixed BC relative to the pure BC was wavelength dependent for AS/BC and decreased from 1.5 at λ = 550 nm with increasing wavelength while the NaCl/BC enhancement was essentially wavelength independent. For HA/BC, the enhancement ranged from 2 to 3 and was strongly wavelength dependent. Removal of the HA absorption contribution to enhancement revealed that the enhancement was ≈1.5 and independent of wavelength.
Assessment of Anti-bacterial Ni-Al/chitosan Composite Spheres for Adsorption Assisted Photo-Degradation of Organic Pollutants (2016)

Chitosan nanocomposite spheres (CS-NCsphere) and sheets (CS-NCsheet) were prepared by the simple embedding of Ni-Al in chitosan. The characterization of the samples was carried out by FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR analysis. CSNCsphere and CS-NCsheet were applied for the removal of acridine orange (AO), cresyl blue (CB) and methyl orange (MO) from their aqueous solutions. All the nanocomposite samples, regardless of the shapes, were found to be good adsorption assisted photocatalyst for all the dyes as compared to virgin chitosan. Amongst the dyes, MO was selectively removed from the aqueous solution. Furthermore, the removal efficiency (R. E) for MO was higher on CS-NCsphere as compared to CS-NCsheet. The CS-NCsphere showed good removal performance for MO dye in light as compared to dark, which suggests that CS-NCsphere eliminated it by adsorption assisted photodegradation. CS-NCsphere also displayed a significant antibacterial activity by inhibiting the growth of bacteria Micrococcus luteus. Thus, the fabricated CS-NCsphere can be used as bio sorbent in the future. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, bio sorbent, composite spheres, Micrococcus luteus, Ni-Al/chitosan.