gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Electronics: Stretchable Semiconductor Technologies with High Areal Coverages and Strain‐Limiting Behavior: Demonstration in High‐Efficiency Dual‐Junction GaInP/GaAs Photovoltaics (Small 12/2012) (2012)

The cover image illustrates a high-performance, stretchable, photovoltaic module that combines microscale, dual-junction GaInP/GaAs solar cells (i.e., 2 J microcells) in an interconnected square array, mounted on a structured substrate of the elastomer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The raised features of relief on the PDMS provide mounting locations for the microcells; notches on the four sides of each feature accommodate thin ribbon interconnects that buckle downward into the separating trenches. This layout allows for reversible, elastic responses to large-scale deformations and, at the same time, naturally limits their magnitudes to avoid damage to the interconnects and microcells, even when the latter are present at high areal coverages. For further information, please read the Communication “Stretchable Semiconductor Technologies with High Areal Coverages and Strain-Limiting Behavior: Demonstration in High-Efficiency Dual-Junction GaInP/GaAs Photovoltaics” by J. A. Rogers and co-workers beginning on page 1851.
New Cruciform Solutions to Upgrade your Regenerator (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Context New Shape to Increase Thermal Efficiency New Refractory Solution to Secure and Increase Lifetime Conclusion
Lens regeneration in New Zealand albino rabbits after endocapsular cataract extraction. (1993)

This experimental model is the first to show that lens regeneration can occur after removal of cataracts secondary to inflammation.
Security and Machine Learning in the Real World (2020)

Machine learning (ML) models deployed in many safety- and business-critical systems are vulnerable to exploitation through adversarial examples. A large body of academic research has thoroughly explored the causes of these blind spots, developed sophisticated algorithms for finding them, and proposed a few promising defenses. A vast majority of these works, however, study standalone neural network models. In this work, we build on our experience evaluating the security of a machine learning software product deployed on a large scale to broaden the conversation to include a systems security view of these vulnerabilities. We describe novel challenges to implementing systems security best practices in software with ML components. In addition, we propose a list of short-term mitigation suggestions that practitioners deploying machine learning modules can use to secure their systems. Finally, we outline directions for new research into machine learning attacks and defenses that can serve to advance the state of ML systems security.
Enantioselective Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical Properties of a 1,1′‐Bitriphenylene‐Based Sila[7]helicene (2015)

Abstract A 1,1′‐bitriphenylene‐based sila[7]helicene was synthesized with a high ee value by enantioselective double [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a biaryl‐linked tetrayne with a silicon‐linked bis(propargylic alcohol) as a key step. This sila[7]helicene exhibited a high tolerance toward racemization, which could be explained by the X‐ray crystal structure analysis. With respect to the photophysical properties, this sila[7]helicene exhibited a relatively high fluorescence quantum yield and circularly polarized luminescence activity.
Self-assembly and alterable relaxivity of an organic cation-encapsulated gadolinium-containing polyoxometalate (2012)

A new amphiphilic molecule bearing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and quaternary ammonium group, was designed and synthesized to encapsulate paramagnetic Gd(III)-containing polyoxometalate (Gd-POM) through electrostatic interaction for obtaining a water-soluble organic-inorganic hybrid building block based on POM. The yielding organic cation-encapsulated Gd-POM (OCEP-Gd) complex exhibited water-solubility and amphiphility, leading to the spontaneous self-assembly into a regular vesicular structure with PEO chains towards water phase and POM units locating at the middle. The vesicular aggregate which has a regular monolayer structure, was further studied by means of dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Due to the synergy of different building units, the self-assembly of the complexes was demonstrated to be efficient to adjust the ability of Gd-POM to accelerate relaxation of water-proton, which results from the paramagnetic property of Gd-POM, to a large extent. The present work provides a new methodology to obtain water-soluble hybrid building blocks based on POM, which may generate more hybrid self-assembly structures in aqueous solution and further direct POM-based materials towards biomedical applications.
Development of a hand-portable photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1996)

ANL is currently developing a portable chemical sensor system based on laser desorption photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It will incorporate direct sampling, a cryocooler base sample adsorption and concentration, and direct surface multiphoton ionization. All components will be in a package 9 x 11 x 4 in., weighing 15-18 lbs. A sample spectrum is given for a NaCl sample.
Liquid Waveguide-Based Evanescent Wave Sensor That Uses Two Light Sources with Different Wavelengths (2010)

We demonstrate a prototypic optofluidic evanescent wave sensor made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer in which two light sources with different wavelengths are coupled into an optofluidic liquid-core/liquid-cladding (L(2)) waveguide. The exponentially decaying evanescent wave interacts with analyte molecules dissolved in the cladding fluids or products formed by in situ reactions at the core-cladding interface. The analyte molecules exhibit distinctly different light absorbance at the two wavelengths during the light-analyte interaction. Therefore, by using the normalized absorbance calculated from the intensity ratio of the two wavelengths instead of the absolute magnitude of either signal, unwanted effects from omnipresent external noise sources can be reduced. In addition, the differential absorption of the two beams by the analyte solutions can be used to enhance the resolution of sample analysis. The evanescent wave sensor based on a liquid waveguide can also be used for real-time monitoring of chemical reactions, because the core and cladding fluids in the L(2) waveguide are slightly miscible at the core-cladding interface due to the diffusional mixing.
Fertility and growth in the field of Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra plants regenerated from suspension cultured cells and protoplasts (1998)

Abstract The effect of regeneration of Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra from embryogenic suspension cells and protoplasts on fertility and growth was evaluated. Embryogenic suspension cultures were either routinely subcultured or cryopreserved and re‐established. Phenology, morphology and fertility of regenerated plants were studied for two growing seasons in a replicated field experiment. Most regenerated L. perenne and F. rubra plants showed a delay in inflorescence emergence, a reduced seed yield and differences in morphological traits when compared with seed‐grown plants. For L. perenne , performance of plants regenerated from cryopreserved suspension cultures and protoplasts was similar to that of respective plants regenerated from routinely maintained suspension cultures. However, differences in performance were observed for respective regenerants in F. rubra. The phenotypic deviation observed was partly reflected in the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis performed. However, regenerants of both species showing similar, or even superior performance to the seed‐grown plants were also found. Embryogenic suspension cells and corresponding protoplasts of L. perenne and F. rubra have the potential for producing fertile, well‐performing plants which can be integrated in breeding programs.
Optimizing EMI transmitter and receiver configurations to enhance detection and identification of small and deep metallic targets (2012)

Current electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors of the kind used to discriminate buried unexploded orndance (UXO) can detect targets down to a depth limited by the geometric size of the transmitter (Tx) coils, the amplitudes of the transmitting currents, and the noise floor of the receivers (Rx). The last two factors are not independent: for example, one cannot detect a deeply buried target simply by increasing the amplitude of the Tx current, since this also increases the noise and thus does not improve the SNR. The problem could in principle be overcome by increasing the size of the Tx coils and thus their moment. Current multi-transmitter instruments such as the TEMTADS sensor array can be electronically tweaked to provide a big Tx moment: they can be modified to transmit signals from two, three or more Tx coils simultaneously. We investigate the possibility of enhancing the deep-target detection capability of TEMTADS by exploring different combinations of Tx coils. We model different multi-Tx combinations within TEMTADS using a full-3D EMI solver based on the method of auxiliary sources (MAS).We determine the feasibility of honing these combinations for enhanced detection and discrimination of deep targets. We investigate how to improve the spatial resolution and focusing properties of the primary magnetic field by electronically adjusting the currents of the transmitters. We apply our findings to data taken at different UXO live sites.
HSV-1 and Zika Virus but Not SARS-CoV-2 Replicate in the Human Cornea and Are Restricted by Corneal Type III Interferon (2020)

Here, we report our studies of immune-mediated regulation of Zika virus (ZIKV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the human cornea. We find that ZIKV can be transmitted via corneal transplantation in mice. However, in human corneal explants, we report that ZIKV does not replicate efficiently and that SARS-CoV-2 does not replicate at all. Additionally, we demonstrate that type III interferon (IFN-λ) and its receptor (IFNλR1) are expressed in the corneal epithelium. Treatment of human corneal explants with IFN-λ, and treatment of mice with IFN-λ eye drops, upregulates antiviral interferon-stimulated genes. In human corneal explants, blockade of IFNλR1 enhances replication of ZIKV and HSV-1 but not SARS-CoV-2. In addition to an antiviral role for IFNλR1 in the cornea, our results suggest that the human cornea does not support SARS-CoV-2 infection despite expression of ACE2, a SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in the human corneal epithelium.
Integration of Data and Theory for Accelerated Derivable Symbolic Discovery. (2021)

Scientists have long aimed to discover meaningful equations which accurately describe data. Machine learning algorithms automate construction of accurate data-driven models, but ensuring that these are consistent with existing knowledge is a challenge. We developed a methodology combining automated theorem proving with symbolic regression, enabling principled derivations of laws of nature. We demonstrate this for Kepler's third law, Einstein's relativistic time dilation, and Langmuir's theory of adsorption, in each case, automatically connecting experimental data with background theory. The combination of logical reasoning with machine learning provides generalizable insights into key aspects of the natural phenomena.
Learning-Based Conditional Image Coder Using Color Separation (2022)

Recently, image compression codecs based on Neural Networks (NN) outperformed the state-of-art classic ones such as BPG, an image format based on HEVC intra. However, the typical NN codec has high complexity, and it has limited options for parallel data processing. In this work, we propose a conditional separation principle that aims to improve parallelization and lower the computational requirements of an NN codec. We present a Conditional Color Separation (CCS) codec which follows this principle. The color components of an image are split into primary and non-primary ones. The processing of each component is done separately, by jointly trained networks. Our approach allows parallel processing of each component, flexibility to select different channel numbers, and an overall complexity reduction. The CCS codec uses over 40% less memory, has 2x faster encoding and 22% faster decoding speed, with only 4% BD-rate loss in RGB PSNR compared to our baseline model over BPG.
Rational Drug Design of Kinase Inhibitors for Signal Transduction Therapy (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Concept of Rational Drug Design 3D Structure-Based Drug Design Ligand-Based Drug Design Target Selection and Validation Personalized Therapy with Kinase Inhibitors The NCL™ Technology and Extended Pharmacophore Modeling (Prediction-Oriented QSAR) Non-ATP Binding Site-Directed or Allosteric Kinase Inhibitors The Master Keys for Multiple Target Kinase Inhibitors Conclusions References
A kinematic theory of the parametric array (1979)

The absorption limited parametric array is considered as a three-phonon interaction process. By examining the kinematics of such interactions an integral expression is obtained for the difference frequency beam pattern. The expression, which is valid whether the difference frequency is generated in the primary's nearfield, farfield, or both, involves only the primary's farfield directivity function. The expression agrees with experiment and reduces to all appropriate Limiting values with the “aperture factor” predicted by moffett and Mellen [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 581–583] arising in a natural manner. The result is obtained by integrating over all allowed (i.e., energy and momentum conserving) interactions of the primary wave phonons, with the primary wave vector distribution determined by consideration of the primary field distribution in an attenuating fluid. It is thus shown that parametric array beam patterus are independent of the nature of the interaction and can be obtained without recourse to “virtual sources.” An interesting corollary is that generation of difference frequency takes place entirely at the expense of the higher frequency primary since ωd(=ω1−ω2) phonons result from a process in which ω1 phonons are annihilated and ω2 and ωd phonons are created. [Work supported by ONR.]
Nanofibrous hydrogel composite membranes with ultrafast transport performance for molecular separation in organic solvents (2019)

A polyamide (PA) nanofilm was successfully fabricated on the nanofibrous hydrogel support <italic>via</italic> controlled interfacial polymerization (IP) and exhibited an unprecedented solvent permeation for various organic solvents.
Impact of group size on spatial structure understanding tasks (2011)

Co-located collaborative tasks allow teams to leverage the skills of each individual member. While numerous guidelines exist to develop visualizations for individuals working on desktops, very little is known about how groups of individuals interpret and comprehend diverse types of visual constructs on larger displays. To study whether group size impacts the collective understanding of relationships in three-dimensional (3D) spatial structures when using different types of presentation, we carried out three experiments. We compared individual performance at structure understanding tasks to performance of groups containing two or four members. We consider two alternate visualization techniques for extracting 3D structure information: a 3D view with animated rotations and a combination of one static 3D plus three static two-dimensional (2D) projection views. In general our studies suggest that as group size increases, so does accuracy but with a cost in efficiency. Our results also suggest that beyond a threshold limit in group size, performance on certain tasks begins to degrade. Regardless of group size, participants performed better when the display was presented in the animation condition instead of the multiple static views, except when large groups needed to relate the visualization to a physical counterpart. We summarize our results in terms of Steiner's model for explaining the effects of group size and task characteristics on group performance.
Multistage Phase Decomposition Behavior and Kinetics for Zr65Ni30Pd5 Ternary Amorphous Alloy (2019)

We have examined heating-induced phase decomposition and its kinetics for Zr65Ni30Pd5 amorphous alloy in an argon atmosphere. The amorphous phase decomposes through three stages in the order of amorphous → icosahedral quasicrystal (I-Q) + amorphous → approximant cubic Zr2(Ni,Pd) → tetragonal Zr2Ni + tetragonal Zr2Pd phases. The approximant crystalline (APC) Zr2(Ni,Pd) phase includes icosahedral-like local atomic arrangements and the structural similarity between the I-Q and APC phases seems to enable the multistage phase decomposition through the precipitation of the APC phase. The primary precipitation of the I-Q phase from the amorphous phase occurs through nucleation and growth mechanisms through two-dimensional (2D) growth mode at lower heating rate and 3D growth mode at a high heating rate.
Modification of messenger RNA by 2′-O-methylation regulates gene expression in vivo (2019)

Epitranscriptomic modifications of mRNA are important regulators of gene expression. While internal 2'-O-methylation (Nm) has been discovered on mRNA, questions remain about its origin and function in cells and organisms. Here, we show that internal Nm modification can be guided by small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and that these Nm sites can regulate mRNA and protein expression. Specifically, two box C/D snoRNAs (SNORDs) and the 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin lead to Nm modification in the protein-coding region of peroxidasin (Pxdn). The presence of Nm modification increases Pxdn mRNA expression but inhibits its translation, regulating PXDN protein expression and enzyme activity both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings support a model in which snoRNA-guided Nm modifications of mRNA can regulate physiologic gene expression by altering mRNA levels and tuning protein translation.
Basic and Applied Uses (2015)

Ask not what you can do for your reconstruction, but what your reconstruction can do for you – with apologies to JFK
Clinical use and safety of a novel gentamicin-releasing resorbable bone graft substitute in the treatment of osteomyelitis/osteitis (2014)

Local application of calcium sulphate/carbonate bone void filler comprising gentamicin revealed sufficient active local levels of the antibiotic by simultaneous significant low systemic exposure in patients with mostly chronic osteomyelitis/osteitis. The material was safe and well tolerated. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:223-9.
Exopolygalacturonase Elicits Ethylene Production in Tomato (1990)

Exopolygalacturonase (exo-PG) (EC 3.2.1.67) was investigated for ability to induce ethylene production in green cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The fruit were vacuum-infiltrated with various levels of exo-PG from green tomato fruit, squash flower, or oak pollen and compared to boiled enzyme or salt controls for ethylene production. In all cases, fruit treated with active enzymes produced significantly higher levels of ethylene than did control fruit. The ethylene response was evident 2 hours after treatment and was transient in nature, returning to basal levels by 22 hours. The amount of ethylene produced did not appear to be influenced by the source of exo-PG.
Caribbean-Wide, Negative Emissions Solution to Sargassum spp. Low-Cost Collection Device and Sustainable Disposal Method (2021)

Sargassum spp. blooms exacerbated by climate change and agricultural runoff are inundating Caribbean beaches, emitting toxic fumes and greenhouse gases through decomposition. This hurts tourism, artisanal fishing, shore-based industry, human health, standards-of-living, coastal ecology, and the global climate. Barriers, collection machinery, and Sargassum valorization have been unable to provide sufficient, sustainable, or widespread relief. This article presents a total Sargassum management system that is effective, low-impact, and economically scalable across the Caribbean. Littoral Collection Modules (LCMs), attached to artisanal fishing boats, collect Sargassum in nets which are brought to a barge. When full, the barge is towed to the deep ocean where Sargassum is pumped to ~150–200 m depth, whereafter it continues sinking (Sargassum Ocean Sequestration of Carbon; “SOS Carbon”). Costing and negative emissions calculations for this system show cleanup costs &lt;$1/m3 and emissions reduction potential up to 1.356 → 3.029 tCO2e/dmt Sargassum. COVID-19 decimated Caribbean tourism, adding to the pressures of indebtedness and natural disasters facing the region. The “SOS Carbon strategy” could help the Caribbean “build back better” by establishing a negative emissions industry that builds resilience against Sargassum and flight shame (“flygskam”). Employing fishermen to operate LCMs achieves socioeconomic goals while increasing Sargassum cleanup and avoiding landfilling achieves sustainable development goals.
Ohmic contact on n- and p-type ion-implanted 4H-SiC with low-temperature metallization process for SiC MOSFETs (2017)

The ohmic contact on n- and p-type SiC regions with the same contact metal is a key process in regard to creating high-performance MOSFETs and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The dependence of the contact resistance on n- and p-type SiC regions on ion species, dose, and implantation temperature was investigated. The results of such an investigation revealed that the amorphization of the SiC surface and the generation of 3C-SiC produce a low contact resistance without the need for a high-temperature metallization process. The contact resistances of 2.1 × 10−6 Ω cm2 on the n-type SiC region and 1.3 × 10−3 Ω cm2 on the p-type SiC region were obtained with high-dose ion implantation at room temperature on the n-type SiC region, high-dose ion implantation at high temperature on the p-type SiC region, and a titanium-based contact electrode. A SiC MOSFET was fabricated with the low-temperature ohmic contact process. The positive-bias gate leakage current markedly increased. It can be deduced that high-dose ion implantation at room temperature on the n-type SiC region degrades surface roughness on the N+ source region.
Postextrasystolic Repolarization Abnormalities in ST‐U Segment in Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias (2001)

Postextrasystolic changes in ST-U segment configuration are dependent on bradycardia, low prematurity index of the PVC, and the lengthening of the postextrasystolic pause. U-wave changes more frequently appeared in patients with malignant arrhythmias. Follow-up study is needed to assess if they might be predictive for the occurrence or reoccurrence of arrhythmic episodes.
Electromagnetic boundary conditions and differential forms (1995)

A new representation for electromagnetic boundary conditions involving a boundary projection operator defined using the interior and exterior products of the calculus of differential forms is developed. This operator expresses boundary conditions for fields represented by differential forms of arbitrary degree. With vector analysis, the field intensity boundary conditions require the cross product, whereas the flux boundary conditions use the inner product. With differential forms, the field intensity and flux density boundary conditions are expressed using a single operator. This boundary projection operator is readily applied in practice, so that this work extends the utility of the calculus of differential forms in applied electromagnetics.