gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibers in smaller fascicles have lower activation thresholds with cuff electrodes due to thinner perineurium and smaller cross-sectional area (2023)

<i>Objective</i>. In nerve stimulation therapies, fibers in larger fascicles generally have higher activation thresholds, but the mechanisms are not well understood. We implemented and analyzed computational models to uncover the effects of morphological parameters on activation thresholds.<i>Approach</i>. We implemented finite element models of human vagus nerve stimulation to quantify the effects of morphological parameters on thresholds in realistic nerves. We also implemented simplified models to isolate effects of perineurium thickness, endoneurium diameter, fiber diameter, and fascicle location on current density, potential distributions (<i>V</i><sub>e</sub>), and activation thresholds across cuff geometries and stimulation waveforms. Using<i>V</i><sub>e</sub>from each finite element model, we simulated activation thresholds in biophysical cable models of mammalian axons.<i>Main results</i>. Perineurium thickness increases with fascicle diameter, and both thicker perineurium and larger endoneurial diameter contributed to higher activation thresholds via lower peak and broader longitudinal potentials. Thicker perineurium caused less current to enter the fascicle transversely, decreasing peak<i>V</i><sub>e</sub>. Thicker perineurium also inhibited current from leaving the fascicle, causing more constant longitudinal current density, broadening<i>V</i><sub>e</sub>. With increasing endoneurial diameter, intrafascicular volume increased faster than surface area, thereby decreasing intrafascicular current density and peak<i>V</i><sub>e</sub>. Additionally, larger fascicles have greater cross-sectional area, thereby facilitating longitudinal intrafascicular current flow and broadening<i>V</i><sub>e</sub>. A large neighboring fascicle could increase activation thresholds, and for a given fascicle, fiber diameter had the greatest effect on thresholds, followed by fascicle diameter, and lastly, fascicle location within the epineurium. The circumneural cuff elicited robust activation across the nerve, whereas a bipolar transverse cuff with small contacts delivering a pseudo-monophasic waveform enabled more selective activation across fiber diameters and locations.<i>Significance</i>. Our computational studies provide mechanistic understanding of neural responses across relevant morphological parameters of peripheral nerves, thereby informing rational design of effective therapies.
PCR-based Identification of Microorganisms in a Kefir Grain (2007)

Nowadays many people are concerned about being healthy, and many dairy products are taken as health supplementary foods. Among dairy products, kefir, also called as Tibet mushroom, is a yogurt fermented by kefir grain, which is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Although there are many empirical evidences that kefir is very influential for human body, the exact reason is not definitively discovered. Therefore, it would be useful to understand characteristics of a kefir grain and to categorize bacteria in a kefir grain. In this paper, molecular biological apparatus such as PCR, electrophoresis, PCR purification, DNA sequencing were used to identify and classify the species of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a kefir grain. We used PCR-based identification method using 16S rRNA primer and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) primer. We identified 6 different species which were selected on different medium. In addition, observation with scanning electron microscope (SEM) enabled us to grasp an external shape of the kefir grain. Although we found a limited number of microbial species, more intensive research are needed for extensive identification of microorganism species in Korean kefir grain.
Cerebras Architecture Deep Dive: First Look Inside the Hardware/Software Co-Design for Deep Learning (2023)

The compute and memory demands for deep learning and machine learning (ML) have increased by several orders of magnitude in just the last couple of years, and there is no end in sight. Traditional improvements in processor performance alone struggle to keep up with the exponential demand. A new chip architecture co-designed with the ML algorithms can be better equipped to satisfy this unprecedented demand and enable the ML workloads of the future. This article describes the Cerebras architecture and how it is designed specifically with this purpose, from the ground up, as a wafer-sized chip to enable emerging extreme-scale ML models. It uses fine-grained data flow compute cores to accelerate unstructured sparsity, distributed static random-access memory for full memory bandwidth to the data paths, and a specially designed on-chip and off-chip interconnect for ML training. With these techniques, the Cerebras architecture provides unique capabilities beyond traditional designs.
Elution of leachable components from composites (1994)

A significant amount of residual monomer or short chain polymers remain unbound in set composite material. Due to its potential impact on both the biocompatibility and the structural stability of the restoration, many investigators have studied the elution of these unbound molecules into aqueous media. The results of these studies suggest that elution of leachable components from composites is rapid, with the majority being released within a matter of hours. Weight losses of up to 2% of the mass of the composite have been reported under certain conditions. The studies have also shown that the extent and rate of elution of components from composites is dependent upon several factors. The quantity of leachables has been correlated to the degree of cure of the polymer network. The composition and solubility characteristics of the extraction solvent influence the kinetics and mechanism of the elution process. Elution is generally thought to occur via diffusion of molecules through the resin matrix, and is therefore dependent upon the size and chemical characteristics of the leachable species.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Personalized Chemotherapy Profiling Using Cancer Cell Lines from Selectable Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 87K, Breeding strategy for production and maintenance of the SCID hprt-null mouse.&lt;/p&gt;
High dielectric constant associated with the strain-induced phase transition of an ordered assembly of BaTiO3nanocubes under three-dimensional clamping (2017)

Numerical calculations of the Gibbs function for an ordered assembly of BaTiO3 nanocubes (nanocrystals) under three-dimensional clamping have revealed that the phase transition from a tetragonal to cubic crystal structure can take place at room temperature at some misfit strain associated with a tilt angle of the attached nanocubes. The phase transition is second-order due to the three-dimensional clamping. Near and at the phase transition, the dielectric constant becomes extremely high owing to the second-order transition. This is considered to be the reason for the high dielectric constant of an assembly at room temperature, which has been experimentally observed. An ordered assembly of BaTiO3 nanocubes under rigid three-dimensional clamping is a completely different system from the normal nanocrystalline (polycrystalline) BaTiO3 ceramics under elastic clamping and from a BaTiO3 epitaxial thin film under two-dimensional clamping.
Cadherin 11 Inhibition Downregulates β-catenin, Deactivates the Canonical WNT Signalling Pathway and Suppresses the Cancer Stem Cell-Like Phenotype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (2019)

Our findings indicate that by modulating β-catenin, CDH11 regulates the canonical WNT signalling pathway. CDH11 inhibition suppresses the CSC-like phenotypes and tumor growth of TNBC cells and represents a novel therapeutic approach in TNBC treatment.
Antimalarial drugs – host targets (re)visited (2006)

Every year, forty percent of the world population is at risk of contracting malaria. Hopes for the erradication of this disease during the 20th century were dashed by the ability of Plasmodium falciparum, its most deadly causative agent, to develop resistance to available drugs. Efforts to produce an effective vaccine have so far been unsuccessful, enhancing the need to develop novel antimalarial drugs. In this review, we summarize our knowledge concerning existing antimalarials, mechanisms of drug-resistance development, the use of drug combination strategies and the quest for novel anti-plasmodial compounds. We emphasize the potential role of host genes and molecules as novel targets for newly developed drugs. Recent results from our laboratory have shown Hepatocyte Growth Factor/MET signaling to be essential for the establishment of infection in hepatocytes. We discuss the potential use of this pathway in the prophylaxis of malaria infection.
A Sea Bed Logging (SBL) Calibration Survey over the Troll Gas Field (2004)

E019 A SEA BED LOGGING (SBL) CALIBRATION SURVEY OVER THE TROLL GAS FIELD Introduction 1 Remote resistivity sensing of buried resistive layers in conductive sediments a concept called Sea Bed Logging (SBL - Pat. No. US 6.628.119 B1) has been demonstrated both theoretically by Kong et al. (2002) and Eidesmo et al. (2001) and by calibration surveys over a known oil field offshore Angola (Ellingsrud et al. 2002) and the Ormen Lange gas field offshore Norway (Røsten et al. 2003). These surveys were acquired in deep water areas (&gt; 1000 m) to minimize the background return signal from the air-water
Photochemical studies in low Earth orbit for organic compounds related to small bodies, Titan and Mars. Current and future facilities. (2015)

Abstract: The study of the evolution of organic matter subjected to space conditions, and more specifically to solar photons in the vacuum ultraviolet range (120-200 nm) has been undertaken in low Earth Orbit since the 90’s, and implemented on various space platforms. The most recent exposure facilities are BIOPAN outside the Russian automatic capsules FOTON, and EXPOSE-E &amp;amp;-R (1&amp;amp;2) outside the International Space Station. They allow the photolysis of many different samples simultaneously, and provide us with valuable data about the formation and evolution of organic matter in the Solar System (meteorites, comets, Titan’s atmosphere, the Martian surface...) and in the Interstellar Medium. They have been used by European teams in the recent past
Differentiation between [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a] pyrimidine and [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]‐ pyrimidine regioisomers by 1H15N HMBC experiments (2010)

The condensation of malonoaldehyde derivatives with either a 3-amino-[1,2,4]-triazole or a 3,5-diamino-[1,2,4]-triazole precursor was studied. In agreement with previous reports, two different bicycles, namely, bearing the regioisomeric [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1) or [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine (2) structural surrogates, could be obtained. We found that, depending on the triazole precursor, only one regioisomer resulted, either of the 1 or 2 series. We also observed that these two structural surrogates could be unambiguously differentiated by indirectly measuring their (15)N chemical shifts by (1)H-(15)N HMBC experiments. The occasional conversion of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines to the [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine counterparts could be unequivocally determined by (15)N NMR data.
Toward insourcing-measurement in inbodied interaction design (2020)

We don’t know how to measure sleep; the best we can do is ask, “How do you feel?” This was the summary given by Mary Morrell during a seminar on sleep at the Inbodied Interaction Summer School this past August at the University of Southampton, U.K. Her perspective was surprising, given that the speaker is both a professor of sleep and respiratory physiology at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, as well as a lead researcher in developing an in-ear EEG sleep monitor [[]1].
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Synthesis of Fully Functionalized B Ring System of Taxol. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance Analysis of Verification-Based Decoding for Packet-Based LDPC Codes overBinary Symmetric Channel (2009)

In this paper, we propose a statistical model to analyze the performance of verification-based algorithm (VA) for packet-based low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over binary symmetric channel (BSC). In contrast to the analysis of VA in the literature, we propose to take the false verification into consideration. For a given ensemble of LDPC codes and channel parameters, the proposed analysis model gives an efficient way to find the average performance of packet-based LDPC codes with verification-based decoding. Through numerical results, we find that the proposed method can provide a close estimation of frame error rate (FER) for packet-based LDPC codes with verification based decoding over BSC for all crossover probabilities of practical interests.
Abstract 3542: A novel Hedgehog pathway inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy in mesothelioma cell lines (2011)

Abstract We tested a novel Hedgehog pathway inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy to determine if there are synergistic effects in mesothelioma cell lines. The Hedgehog signaling pathway has been shown to be activated in many types of cancer. Our laboratory developed a novel Hedgehog pathway inhibitor that has promising characteristics. Several mesothelioma cell lines were treated with this new compound in combination with two standard chemotherapeutic agents, pemetrexed and cisplatin. The cells were seeded in 96-well plates on day 1 and then treated with a matrix of drug dosages on day 2. Cell viability was measured on day 5 using the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega). The dose-effect relationship was plotted for each drug alone to determine the IC50, the inhibitory concentration at which cell viability was 50%. The IC50 of our Hedgehog inhibitor ranged from 1uM to 10uM for various cell lines. The dose-effect relationship in the combination studies was analyzed using Calcusyn (Biosoft). A combination index less than 0.9, indicating synergy, was found at several dose combinations in multiple cell lines. In summary, a novel Hedgehog pathway inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy showed synergy in multiple mesothelioma cell lines, showing high potential for this new compound to improve standard chemotherapeutic regimens and allow treatment at lower doses with fewer side effects. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3542. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3542
Table S1 from MicroRNA Array Analysis Finds Elevated Serum miR-1290 Accurately Distinguishes Patients with Low-Stage Pancreatic Cancer from Healthy and Disease Controls (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1 - XLSX file 11K, Supplemental Table S1. Demographics or pathologic characteristics of patients with pancreatic cnacer and controls&lt;/p&gt;
Protecting a Diamond Quantum Memory by Charge State Control (2017)

In recent years, solid-state spin systems have emerged as promising candidates for quantum information processing. Prominent examples are the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, phosphorus dopants in silicon (Si:P), rare-earth ions in solids, and V<sub>Si</sub>-centers in silicon-carbide. The Si:P system has demonstrated that its nuclear spins can yield exceedingly long spin coherence times by eliminating the electron spin of the dopant. For NV centers, however, a proper charge state for storage of nuclear spin qubit coherence has not been identified yet. Here, we identify and characterize the positively charged NV center as an electron-spin-less and optically inactive state by utilizing the nuclear spin qubit as a probe. We control the electronic charge and spin utilizing nanometer scale gate electrodes. We achieve a lengthening of the nuclear spin coherence times by a factor of 4. Surprisingly, the new charge state allows switching of the optical response of single nodes facilitating full individual addressability.
Cigarette Smoke Produces Airway Wall Remodeling in Rat Tracheal Explants (2003)

Small airway remodeling ("small airways disease") is a common finding in cigarette smokers and is an important cause of airflow obstruction. Airway remodeling is usually attributed to the effects of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in the airway wall, but little is actually known about its pathogenesis. We exposed rat tracheal explants to cigarette smoke and then maintained them in air organ culture. At 24 hours after smoke exposure, there was a dose-dependent increase in gene expression of procollagen and a significant increase in tissue hydroxyproline, a measure of collagen content. Greater increases in procollagen gene expression were found with repeated smoke exposures. Increased procollagen gene expression could be prevented with SN50, a selective inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB activation, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and tetramethylthiourea, scavengers of active oxygen species. AG1478, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, also prevented increased procollagen gene expression, but PD98059 and SB203580, inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases, did not. These findings indicate that cigarette smoke can directly induce airway remodeling, specifically airway wall fibrosis, probably through active oxygen species-dependent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and subsequent nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Smoke-evoked inflammatory cells are not required for this process.
AFC circuit with fast acquisition for a TDMA cellular mobile communication system (2002)

A novel AFC (automatic frequency control) circuit for a TDMA (time-division multiple-access) digital cellular mobile communication system with pi /4-shifted QPSK (quadrature phase-shift keying) modulation is described. The AFC circuit satisfies the two contradictory requirements of fast acquisition and stable operation even under low CNR (carrier-to-noise ratio) channel conditions, simultaneously. The performance of a 40-kb/s TDMA transmission system was measured to confirm the availability of the AFC circuit. An E/sub b//N/sub 0/ penalty of the differential demodulator is compressed to less than 0.1 dB by the AFC circuit when carrier frequency deviation is within +or-1 kHz. The results obtained show that the differential detection can be applied to a receiver of the TDMA digital cellular mobile communication system when the proposed AFC circuit is implemented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Controlling whey proteins spontaneous self assembly (2011)

Cette publication est également parue dans la revue "Journal of Animal Science", Vol.89, E-Suppl.1.&lt;br/&gt;Cette publication est également parue dans la revue "Journal of Animal Science", Vol.89, E-Suppl.1.
Modeling and mitigating AC common mode conversion in multi-Gb/s differential printed circuit boards (2005)

Techniques for quantifying and minimizing the impact of differential signal phase skew created by the non-homogeneous nature of FR4 PCBs are presented. Experimental results that allow modeling and simulation at multi-Gb/s signaling rates are developed and used to estimate the impact to voltage and timing margins at 5-10 Gb/s as a function of PCB trace length. A design approach for mitigating the impact is discussed, and results from a manufacturability study are used to assess the effectiveness of the approach.
The effects of lateral meniscal allograft transplantation techniques on tibio‐femoral contact pressures (2008)

This paper reports a series of comparative tests in vitro, that examined how meniscectomy and meniscal allografting affected tibio-femoral joint contact pressure. Knees were loaded in axial compression and pressure maps obtained from the lateral compartment using Fuji Prescale film inserted below the meniscus. This was repeated after meniscectomy, and then after meniscal allografting with fixation by a bone plug for the insertional ligaments, plus sutures. Finally, the pressure, when the allograft was secured by sutures alone, was measured. The peak pressure rose significantly after meniscectomy, and then was reduced significantly by both allograft methods so that it was not significantly different to normal. Allografts fixed by sutures only allowed slightly higher contact pressure than when they had bone fixation. This study suggests that meniscal allografting should have a chondroprotective effect and that there is a small advantage from adding bony fixation to suture fixation.
Industry payments to neurologists who commonly prescribe repository corticotropin gel (H.P. Acthar) (P3.400) (2017)

To determine if prescribing repository corticotropin by neurologists associates with payments from the manufacturer of this medication.
Molecular cell biology and physiology of solute transport (1994)

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension: September 1994 - Volume 3 - Issue 5 - p 485-486
Optical fiber for remote sensing with high spatial resolution (2022)

The use of optical fiber as sensor as well as transmission medium for sensing data is discussed, enabling the use of optically active sensors without power supply at distances of tens of kilometers. Depending on the interrogation system, a spatial resolution of less than a millimeter can be achieved. The basic sensing principle is optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) with direct detection or coherent detection of the Rayleigh back-scattered or Fresnel reflected signal. Spatial resolution is improved by a cross-correlation between the transmitted sequence and the received signals.
Midbrain hypometabolism as early diagnostic sign for progressive supranuclear palsy (2004)

The statistical map clearly demonstrated the hypometabolism of midbrain in PSP, which is independent of the clinical deterioration. The hypometabolism of midbrain is one of the most promising sign for early diagnosis of PSP.
Design of a molecular imprinting biosensor with multi-scale roughness for detection across a broad spectrum of biomolecules (2016)

The molecular imprinting technique has tremendous applications in artificial enzymes, bioseparation, and sensor devices. In this study, a novel molecular imprinting (MI) biosensor platform was developed for the detection of a broad range of biomolecules with different sizes. Previously this method has been applied to 2D molecular imprinting, where the height of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of around 2 nm limited the maximum dimensions of the molecule that can be imprinted to create template-shaped cavities. In order to match the size of the imprinted molecules with the height of the SAM, we propose a model for 3D molecular imprinting where the analyte is sequestered within a niche created by the surface roughness. The SAM is assembled on the walls of the niche, forming a 3D pattern of the analyte uniquely molded to its contour. Surfaces with multi-scale roughness were prepared by evaporation of gold onto electropolished (smooth) and unpolished (rough) Si wafers, where the native roughness was found to have a normal distribution centered around 5 and 90 nm respectively. Our studies using molecules with size ranging on a nanometer scale, from proteins of a few nanometers to bacteria of hundreds of nanometers, showed that when the size of the analyte matched the roughness range of the gold surface, the molecular imprinting process was optimized for the best biosensing performance. After optimization, the MI biosensor platform enabled the identification and quantification of a broad range of biomolecules with great discrimination abilities. Hemoglobin under different pH values and several mutated fibrinogen molecules can also be well differentiated through the test.