gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric Oxide Protects Cardiac Sarcolemmal Membrane Enzyme Function and Ion Active Transport against Ischemia-induced Inactivation (2003)

Nitric oxide (NO.) generated from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms bound to cellular membranes may serve to modulate oxidative stresses in cardiac muscle and thereby regulate the function of key membrane-associated enzymes. Ischemia is known to inhibit the function of sarcolemmal enzymes, including the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, but it is unknown whether concomitant injury to sarcolemma (SL)-associated NOS isoforms may contribute to this process by reducing the availability of locally generated NO. Here we report that nNOS, as well as eNOS (SL NOSs), are tightly associated with cardiac SL membranes in several different species. In isolated perfused rat hearts, global ischemia caused a time-dependent irreversible injury to cardiac SL NOSs and a disruption of SL NO. generation. Pretreatment with low concentrations of the NO. donor 1-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(N-3-methyl-aminopropyl)-3-methyl-1-triazene (NOC-7) markedly protected both SL NOS and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase functions against ischemia-induced inactivation. Moreover, ischemia impaired SL Na+/K+ binding, and NOC-7 significantly prevented ischemic injury to the ion binding sites on (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. These novel findings indicate that NO. can protect cardiac SL NOSs and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase against ischemia-induced inactivation and suggest that locally generated NO. may serve to regulate SL Na+/K+ ion active transport in the heart.
Synthesis and Antiprotozoal Activity of Aza-Analogues of Furamidine (2003)

6-[5-(4-Amidinophenyl)furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine (8a) was synthesized from 6-[5-(4-cyanophenyl)furan-2-yl]nicotinonitrile (4a), through the bis-O-acetoxyamidoxime followed by hydrogenation. Compound 4a was prepared via selective bromination of 6-(furan-2-yl)nicotinonitrile (2a) with N-bromosuccinimide, followed by Suzuki coupling with 4-cyanophenylboronic acid. In a similar way, diamidines 8b and 8c were prepared from the dicyano derivatives 4c and 4d, respectively. N-Methoxy-6-[5-[4-(N-methoxyamidino)phenyl]-furan-2-yl]-nicotinamidine (6a) was prepared via methylation of the respective diamidoxime 5a with dimethylsulfate. Prodrugs 6b and 6c were also prepared by methylation of the respective diamidoximes 5b and 5d. The symmetrical diamidines 14a,b were synthesized through the corresponding bis-O-acetoxyamidoxime followed by hydrogenation. The key compounds 11a,b were conveniently obtained by Stille coupling between 2,5-bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)furan and the corresponding heteroaryl halides. These compounds have been evaluated in vitro for activity against Trypanosoma b.rhodesiense (T. b. r.) and P. falciparum (P. f.). The diamidines 8a, 8c, and 14b gave IC(50) values versus T. b. r. of less than 10 nM. Against P. f. 8a, 8b, and 14b exhibited IC(50) values less than 10 nM. In an in vivo mouse model for T. b. r. four compounds 6a, 6c, 6d, and 8a were curative. Compound 6a produced cures at an oral dosage of 5 mg/kg.
An Asymmetric Synthesis of the ABC Ring System of 8-Demethyltaxoids from Optically Active 8-Membered Ring Compound via Intramolecular Aldol and Pinacol Coupling Reactions (1997)

Abstract Optically active novel taxoids were efficiently synthesized from 8-membered ring compound 3 by successive constructions of BC and ABC ring systems via each intramolecular aldol and intramolecular pinacol coupling reactions.
Selective ALD Mo Deposition in 10nm Contacts (2023)

Selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Mo is explored to fill 10nm contacts in a 2 nm node test vehicle. The ALD Mo deposition is highly selective towards the dielectrics (SiO<inf>2</inf>, low-k OSG3.0, SiCN), and deposits selectively on the bottom Ru routing contact layer. Barrierless Mo via fill levels in the range of 10-20nm are obtained without detecting Mo in the dielectrics of the stack. The resistance of the Mo in MP24 vias with aspect ratio (AR) 2 is ~ 50Ω. Further resistance reduction is expected upon removing the top interfacial oxide introduced by an air break during metallization. The reliability shows that stress induced voiding is not observed for the Mo-Cu metallized system. Additionally, the via electromigration failures are only observed in the connecting Cu top trench, leaving the robust ALD Mo vias intact.
Bayesian Restoration of Partially Coherent Imagery in Conventional and Scanning Microscopy (1984)

The use of bayesian techniques for image restoration under conditions of partial coherence in both CTEM and STEM is investigated. Amplitude or phase objects are considered, assuming only a single intensity measurement. The weak-phase approximation is not used. An iterative algorithm for determining the maximum a posteriori probability restored image is determined by using the steepest ascent method. The effect of coherence and noise on the object restorability is assessed.
DEPLETING ANTI-CD4 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CURES NEW-ONSET DIABETES, PREVENTS RECURRENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES, AND DELAYS ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN NONOBESE DIABETIC MICE1 (2004)

Our results provide the first evidence that newly established autoimmune islet destruction in NOD mice responds to a short course of anti-CD4 mAb. In contrast, costimulation blockade is ineffective in this clinically relevant model.
High-speed Hot-wire laser Brazing Technology for Steel/Aluminum alloy Dissimilar Joint using Twin Beam Irradiation (2023)

The demand for steel / aluminum alloy dissimilar joints has increased for light-weighting the automobile body. However, it is well known that joining both metals by conventional welding methods, the brittle intermetallic compound (IMC) is generated at the interface, and it significantly deteriorates the joint strength. In this paper, the hot-wire laser brazing process using the twin-spot irradiation was proposed and its conditions were optimized to achieve the high brazing speed and the high joint strength on a lap-fillet joint of the steel / aluminum alloy dissimilar combination. The twin spots of a circle (φ5) and rectangular (5×11) laser beams aligned at spot ends achieved the high brazing speed up to 6 m/min, stable brazing phenomena and sound bead appearance. The joints fabricated using the optimized conditions realized the very thin IMC thickness under 2 μm and high joint strength over the yield strength of the base steel sheet.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Pathways for in situ Polyolefin Functionalization with Heteroatoms: Catalytic Chain Transfer (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Light-weight sleep monitoring: electrode distance matters more than\n placement for automatic scoring (2021)

Modern sleep monitoring development is shifting towards the use of\nunobtrusive sensors combined with algorithms for automatic sleep scoring. Many\ndifferent combinations of wet and dry electrodes, ear-centered,\nforehead-mounted or headband-inspired designs have been proposed, alongside an\never growing variety of machine learning algorithms for automatic sleep\nscoring. In this paper, we compare 13 different, realistic sensor setups\nderived from the same data set and analysed with the same pipeline. We find\nthat all setups which include both a lateral and an EOG derivation show\nsimilar, state-of-the-art performance, with average Cohen's kappa values of at\nleast 0.80. This indicates that electrode distance, rather than position, is\nimportant for accurate sleep scoring. Finally, based on the results presented,\nwe argue that with the current competitive performance of automated staging\napproaches, there is an urgent need for establishing an improved benchmark\nbeyond current single human rater scoring.\n
Unusual orientational behaviour of liquid crystals: investigation of the effect of bipolar interactions on the ferroelectric properties (1995)

Two compounds with a single fluorinated chiral centre, (S)-4-n-octyloxydifluorobiphenyl-4′-yl 3-fluoro-4-(2-fluorooctyloxy)benzoates, have been synthesized and their liquid-crystalline properties determined. The orientational behaviour of the two compounds was investigated by comparing the results of a 19F NMR analysis with the tilt angle measurement. Selected fluorine–fluorine dipolar coupling constants were measured for different molecular segments in both the smectic A and smectic C* phases. The orientational properties of the two liquid crystals are contrasted in terms of their electronic differences due to a small, but highly significant, difference in their core structures (2,3-difluorobiphenyl vs. 2′, 3-difluorobiphenyl). The unusual tilt angle behaviour exhibited by one of the compounds is suggested to be the result of an unusually large transverse dipole moment which would lead to an increased lateral intermolecular association. The dipolar interaction between fluoro-substituents on the core and at the chiral centre (here experimentally shown to exist for the first time) is discussed and a comparison is drawn between the experimental measurements and the calculated molecular structure.
Amplification and frequency-locking in a TWT using cyclotron depression of positive feedback (2008)

In the present work we suggest to use cyclotron absorption to suppress a wave that is responsible for feedback in traveling wave tubes (TWTs) without removing reflections and other causes of parasitic self-excitation that can lead to controlled gain by varying the magnitude of the guide magnetic field inside the stationary region of cyclotron absorption (RCA). We illustrate amplification in the RCA using a self-consistent theory of stationary operation of a TWT accounting for the cyclotron resonance of electrons with the wave that is responsible for positive feedback, and interaction of electrons with the forward wave accounting for the condition of Cherenkov synchronism.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Difluorochloromethane to Produce Tetrafluoroethylene (2004)

Difluorochloromethane (CHClF2, R22) has been used as a refrigerant for air conditioners and a raw material for the manufacturing of fluorinated compounds such as tetrafluoroethylene (C2F4, TFE), and hexafluoropyropylene (C3F6, HFP). TFE has been produced by the pyrolysis of chlorofluoroparaffins especially, R22, in the temperature ranges of 750 - 950 °C. To improve the relatively poor yield of TFE, the catalytic pyrolysis of R22 over activated carbon supported Cu-based catalysts was investigated. The catalytic activities over the prepared catalysts were compared with those of a non-catalytic pyrolysis reaction. Alteration of reactivity as a function of reaction time was also observed. At 650 °C and 700 °C, the yield for TFE over 10wt% Cu/A.C catalyst was higher than that in the non-catalytic pyrolysis. Reduced Cu catalysts were more active than CuO catalysts and the selectivity of HFP increased with increasing the amount of Cu loading in Cu/A.C catalysts. It was found that the reduced Cu catalyst was undergoing surface modification during the pyrolysis of R22 due to the reaction of Cu/A.C catalyst with hydrogen fluoride produced during the catalytic pyrolysis. The fresh catalysts and catalysts after the reaction were characterized by XRD and EDS. The metal fluoride formed during the pyrolysis was either CaAlF5 or Ca2AlF7, or their mixture
Fine registration of 3D point clouds with iterative closest point using an RGB-D camera (2013)

We address the problem of accurate and efficient alignment of 3D point clouds captured by an RGB-D (Kinect-style) camera from different viewpoints. Our approach introduces a new cost function for the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm that balances the significance of structural and photometric features with dynamically adjusted weights to improve the error minimization process. We also enhance the algorithm with a novel outlier rejection method, which relies on adaptive thresholding at each ICP iteration, using both the structural information of the object and the spatial distances of sparse SIFT feature pairs. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is demonstrated in challenging scenarios, involving objects lacking structural features, and significant camera view and lighting changes. We obtained superior registration accuracy than existing related methods while requiring low computational processing.
Embedded Multi‐die Interconnect Bridge (EMIB) (2019)

This chapter presents comparisons between planar architectures that use silicon back-end wiring technologies that essentially represent the upper end of the I/O/mm/layer spectrum and offer silicon-level connectivity on package. Embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB) is a planar dense multi-chip packages technology, where the basic concept is that it uses thin pieces of silicon with multilayer back-end-of-line interconnects, embedded in organic substrates, to enable dense die-to-die interconnects. The chapter describes the EMIB technology architecture and the high level EMIB process flow followed by a discussion of the high bandwidth envelope. It focuses on the electrical signaling performance of EMIB. Typically EMIB is used to connect two adjacent dies. This results in a relatively short I/O channel that does not demand complex transceiver circuits to meet signal integrity requirements. The chapter also presents results from eye diagram simulations to demonstrate that the I/O channel and circuits can meet signal integrity requirements.
Manganese-Based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Tumors: Structure–Activity Relationships and Lead Candidate Evaluation (2018)

Gd-based MRI contrast agents (GBCAs) have come under intense regulatory scrutiny due to concerns of Gd retention and delayed toxicity. Three GBCAs comprising acyclic Gd chelates, the class of GBCA most prone to Gd release, are no longer marketed in Europe. Of particular concern are the acyclic chelates that remain available for liver scans, where there is an unmet diagnostic need and no replacement technology. To address this concern, we evaluated our previously reported Mn-based MRI contrast agent, Mn-PyC3A, and nine newly synthesized derivatives as liver specific MRI contrast agents. Within this focused library the transient liver uptake and rate of blood clearance are directly correlated with log P. The complex Mn-PyC3A-3-OBn emerged as the lead candidate due to a combination of high relaxivity, rapid blood clearance, and avid hepatocellular uptake. Mn-PyC3A-3-OBn rendered liver tumors conspicuously hypo-intense in a murine model and is wholly eliminated within 24 h of injection.
Cigarette Smoke Induced Alterations in Bone Microarchitecture: Regional Differences in a Mouse Model (2017)

Background Oxidative stress from prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke plays a major role in the pathogenic process leading to COPD. An increased respiratory load due to altered lung and airway mechanics increases the demand on respiratory muscles and contributes to difficulties in maintaining body weight. Theoretically, the increased muscle demand, by imposing additional stress on the muscular‐skeletal insertion, may alter bone characteristics of the rib cage and contribute to rib fracture in patients with respiratory disease. There is growing evidence that smoking delays or inhibits vertebral and long bone healing after surgery or trauma. Finally, the incidence of osteoporosis is increased in humans with poor nutrition as well as a history of current smoking, with female gender an additional risk factor in developing osteoporosis. However, direct linkage between CS exposure and bone health has proven elusive due to co‐morbidities and/or therapeutics. Here, we sought to test the hypothesis that CS smoke‐exposure alone, in the absence of glucocorticoid use, will cause alterations in bone structure. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice (17–21 g;12–14 weeks) were randomly assigned to either whole body exposure to filtered room air (n=15) or cigarette smoke (CS; n =15, SciReq; In‐Expose; 3R4F University of Kentucky reference cigarettes; ISO 1991 standard exposure; 1 hr/2× daily, 5 days/week; total particulate matter was 100 mg/m 3 for the first 3 days then 300 mg/m 3 for a total of 6 weeks). Mouse carcasses were imaged with microCT (Skyscan 1176; 9 um). Reconstruction with volume rendering and 3D model creation was performed. Morphometric analyses were performed on cortical bone of the 1st, 6th, and 10th ribs and sternum, and on trabecular bone of the sternum, femur and 6th lumbar vertebrae (LV6). Results Cortical bone thickness was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced in the 1st and 10th rib in CS‐exposed relative to RA‐exposed mice, but was unchanged in the sternum and 6 th rib. Percent trabecular bone/tissue volume, a reflection of bone mass, was significantly reduced in femurs of CS‐exposed animals (p&lt; 0.05) but comparable in sternum and LV6 between exposure groups. Conclusions These data demonstrate in a mouse model, that chronic CS exposure alone results in thinning of the ribs that experience the greatest torque, and reduced trabecular bone mass in the femur. This profile is likely to predispose to fracture and impaired bone healing, consistent with observations in actively smoking humans. Support or Funding Information N0014‐10‐0761; N00014‐13‐1‐0742
VIS/SWIR focal plane and detector development at Raytheon: instruments performance data and future developments at Raytheon (2007)

Raytheon has developed SWIR and Visible-SWIR Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) with over one million pixels that meet the demanding requirements of astronomy, night vision, and other low background systems. FPA formats are 1280 × 1024, 1024 × 1024 and 2048 × 2048, with detector elements on 20 &mu;m pitch. This paper describes recent results on SWIR HgCdTe detectors, low-noise Readout Integrated Circuits (ROICs), and FPA imaging. SWIR HgCdTe detectors have been fabricated with cutoff wavelengths of 1.7 and 2.5 &mu;m and have demonstrated high quantum efficiency and flat spectrals, including visible response to 400 nm. We compare InGaAs and HgCdTe detectors, and show HgCdTe passivation improvements which increase carrier lifetime fourfold over existing processes
Wpt (waypoint) shift manifold difference metrics for evaluation of varying observing‐condition (observer + illuminant) metamerism and color inconstancy (2020)

Abstract Metamerism is a critical color phenomenon which can cause serious problems for products assembled by various parts. Customers generally expect all parts are color‐matched under different observing conditions. This article extends the concepts of illuminant and observer metamerism to observing‐condition metamerism, that is, objects are color‐matched under one observing condition but not under others. The color inconstancy of a single object is also expanded to be evaluated under multiple observing conditions. Moreover, four Waypoint (Wpt) Shift Manifold difference metrics are proposed to evaluate not only observing‐condition metamerism of metamers and paramers but also observing‐condition color inconstancy of single objects: The Mean Object Inconstancy Index (MOII), The Mean Object Color Difference (MMOCD), Object Metamer Index (OMI), and Object Hue Similarity Index (OHSI). Existing indices of metamerism and color inconstancy employ appearance matching using a Chromatic Adaptation Transform (CAT) and color difference formulas such as CIEDE76 or CIEDE2000. The proposed metrics utilize material matching based upon the Waypoint Material Adjustment Transform (Wpt‐MAT) and Euclidian color difference in the perceptually uniform Material Color Equivalency Space WLab. Conceptual comparisons between these approaches are discussed and evaluated. Additionally, computational evaluation results under observing conditions composed by 99 illuminants and 70 observers show that MOII provides a measure of color inconstancy for single objects, MMOCD provides a measure of metamerism between metamers and paramers with a generalized assessment of color difference between two objects, OMI provides a measure of paramers, and OHSI provides a quantitative measure of hue characteristics for different observing conditions.
Modeling and design optimization of planar power transformer for aerospace application (2009)

A new low profile, light weight, high power density and high efficiency planar transformer for aerospace application is presented. In this paper, a systematic optimizing procedure is illustrated with a detailed design of a flyback transformer. We use double 2D finite element method (FEM) modeling strategies to calculate the power loss and to optimize the design. The strategies, interleaving and horizontal and vertical parallel windings for reducing the winding loss are discussed. A 6-layer PCB layout is shown to validate the design.
General Patterns of the Phase Behavior of Mixtures of H2O, Alkanes, Alkyl Glucosides, and Cosurfactants (2002)

We demonstrate how rather hydrophilic surfactants can be used for solubilizing simultaneously water and alkane. The required hydrophilic−lipophilic balance can be achieved by the addition of a medium-chain alcohol, that is, a hydrophobic cosurfactant. Specifically, the phase behavior of the quaternary water−n-octane−n-octyl β-d-glucopyranoside (C8G1)−n-octanol (C8E0) system has been investigated. Sugar surfactants, in general, are hydrophilic and, because of the comparatively large number of hydroxyl groups, much less temperature-sensitive than the well-known alkylpolyglycolether (CiEj) surfactants. Therefore, one has to resort to tuning the phase behavior by mixing with a hydrophobic cosurfactant. Once this is done, the phase behavior mimics that of water−alkane−CiEj microemulsions. To show this, the trajectory of the middle-phase is determined as the phase inversion is passed. A scaling of the trajectory onto the trajectories of conventional temperature-sensitive ternary microemulsions is possible after the composition (i.e. the fraction of n-octanol) of the mixed amphiphilic film is determined from phase behavior and density measurements.