gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electrode Geometry on the Classification Performance of Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometric (REIMS) Bacterial Identification (2017)

The recently developed automated, high-throughput monopolar REIMS platform is suited for the identification of clinically important microorganisms. Although already comparable to the previously reported bipolar forceps method, optimization of the geometry of monopolar electrodes, at the heart of the system, holds the most scope for further improvements to be made. For this, sharp tip and round shaped electrodes were optimized to maximize species-level classification accuracy. Following optimization of the distance between the sample contact point and tube inlet with the sharp tip electrodes, the overall cross-validation accuracy improved from 77% to 93% in negative and from 33% to 63% in positive ion detection modes, compared with the original 4 mm distance electrode. As an alternative geometry, round tube shaped electrodes were developed. Geometry optimization of these included hole size, number, and position, which were also required to prevent plate pick-up due to vacuum formation. Additional features, namely a metal "X"-shaped insert and a pin in the middle were included to increase the contact surface with a microbial biomass to maximize aerosol production. Following optimization, cross-validation scores showed improvement in classification accuracy from 77% to 93% in negative and from 33% to 91% in positive ion detection modes. Supervised models were also built, and after the leave 20% out cross-validation, the overall classification accuracy was 98.5% in negative and 99% in positive ion detection modes. This suggests that the new generation of monopolar REIMS electrodes could provide substantially improved species level identification accuracies in both polarity detection modes. Graphical abstract.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Computational Anaphora Resolution (2001)

Anaphora accounts for cohesion in texts and is a phenomenon under active study in formal and computational linguistics alike. The correct interpretation of anaphora is vital for natural language processing (NLP). For example, anaphora resolution is a key task in natural language interfaces, machine translation, text summarization, information extraction, question answering, and a number of other NLP applications. After considerable initial research, followed by years of relative silence in the early 1980s, anaphora resolution has attracted the attention of many researchers in the last 10 years and a great deal of successful work on the topic has been carried out. Discourseoriented theories and formalisms such as Discourse Representation Theory and Centering Theory inspired new research on the computational treatment of anaphora. The drive toward corpus-based robust NLP solutions further stimulated interest in alternative and/or data-enriched approaches. Last, but not least, application-driven research in areas such as automatic abstracting and information extraction independently highlighted the importance of anaphora and coreference resolution, boosting research in this area. Much of the earlier work in anaphora resolution heavily exploited domain and linguistic knowledge (Sidner 1979; Carter 1987; Rich and LuperFoy 1988; Carbonell and Brown 1988), which was difficult both to represent and to process, and which required considerable human input. However, the pressing need for the development of robust and inexpensive solutions to meet the demands of practical NLP systems encouraged many researchers to move away from extensive domain and linguistic knowledge and to embark instead upon knowledge-poor anaphora resolution strategies. A number of proposals in the 1990s deliberately limited the extent to which they relied on domain and/or linguistic knowledge and reported promising results in knowledge-poor operational environments (Dagan and Itai 1990, 1991; Lappin and Leass 1994; Nasukawa 1994; Kennedy and Boguraev 1996; Williams, Harvey, and Preston 1996; Baldwin 1997; Mitkov 1996, 1998b). The drive toward knowledge-poor and robust approaches was further motivated by the emergence of cheaper and more reliable corpus-based NLP tools such as partof-speech taggers and shallow parsers, alongside the increasing availability of corpora and other NLP resources (e.g., ontologies). In fact, the availability of corpora, both raw and annotated with coreferential links, provided a strong impetus to anaphora resolu
Statistics of low-frequency normal-mode amplitudes in an ocean with random sound-speed perturbations: Shallow-water environments (2012)

Second- and fourth-moment mode-amplitude statistics for low-frequency ocean sound propagation through random sound-speed perturbations in a shallow-water environment are investigated using Monte Carlo simulations and a transport theory for the cross-mode coherence matrix. The acoustic observables of mean and mean square intensity are presented and the importance of adiabatic effects and cross-mode coherence decay are emphasized. Using frequencies of 200 and 400 Hz, transport theory is compared with Monte Carlo simulations in a canonical shallow-water environment representative of the summer Mid-Atlantic Bight. Except for ranges less than a horizontal coherence length of the sound structure, the intensity moments from the two calculations are in good agreement. Corrections for the short range behavior are presented. For these frequencies the computed mode coupling rates are extremely small, and the propagation is strongly adiabatic with a rapid decay of cross-mode coherence. Coupling effects are predicted to be important at kilohertz frequencies. Decay of cross-mode coherence has important implications for acoustic interactions with nonlinear internal waves: For the case in which the acoustic path is not at glancing incidence with a nonlinear internal-wave front, adiabatic phase randomizing effects lead to a significantly reduced influence of the nonlinear waves on both mean and mean square intensity.
Outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis due to Salmonella weltevreden in a guinea pig colony (1991)

The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that the ability to produce keratoconjunctivitis (KC) is a property found in Salmonella weltevreden. This observation is contrary to previous reports that Salmonella spp. do not produce KC. An outbreak of KC due to S. weltevreden occurred in a guinea pig colony, and the animals carried the organism in the intestinal tract. The same Salmonella serotype that caused an epidemic of diarrhea in humans and a routine laboratory isolate also possessed the ability to induce KC. Unlike Shigella spp. (the prototype organisms positive for KC), S. weltevreden induced KC and bound Congo red dye even when grown at 30 degrees C. It invaded HeLa cells in culture but did not hybridize with a DNA probe for invasiveness of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli even though it harbored plasmids. It was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, was hydrophobic, and showed mannose-sensitive hemagglutination. It did not have enterotoxic or cytotoxic activities.
A Switched Capacitor Based BLDC Drive (2020)

The high power density and high torque to inertia ratio widespread the demand for BLDC motor drive. But the low inductance nature and square wave mode operation give rise to torque oscillations. This paper presents an analysis of a switched capacitor based DC-DC converter for BLDC drive for suppressing the undesirable ripples in instantaneous torque. The converter topology implemented is comparatively superior to other converters in terms of voltage gain, current stress, and also passive devices store less energy which consequently reduces the size requirement and makes it cost-effective. The commutation instances are mapped from hall sensors to control the DC bus voltage by DC-DC converter to enhance the current wave-shape to attain smooth torque. Simulation results are presented in this work to validate. The experimental validation is in progress.
Magnetically tunable diluted magnetic semiconductor (Cd, Mn)Te quantum well laser (1986)

We report the first observation of strong magnetic field tuning of laser emission from Cd1−xMnxTe/Cd1−yMnyTe multiple quantum well structures. The spectral peak of the stimulated emission shifts to lower energy with increasing field at a rate of 3.4 meV/T to a maximum shift of 34 meV at 10 T. This is about five times slower than in bulk Cd1−xMnxTe with a comparable x value. Stimulated emission was observed for samples cooled to 1.9 K when optically pumped with a Nd:YAG laser.
Familial aggregation of schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders and obsessive‐compulsive associated disorders in schizophrenia probands with and without OCD (2005)

A substantial proportion of schizophrenia patients also has obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To further validate the clinical validity of a schizo-obsessive diagnostic entity, we assessed morbid risks for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and OC-associated disorders in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia probands with and without OCD. Two groups of schizophrenia probands [with OCD (n = 57) and without OCD (n = 60)] and community-based controls (n = 50) were recruited. One hundred eighty two first-degree relatives of probands with OCD-schizophrenia, 210 relatives of non-OCD schizophrenia probands, and 165 relatives of community subjects were interviewed directly [59.3% (108/182), 51.9% (109/210), and 54.5% (90/165), respectively], using the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis-I DSM-IV Disorders and Axis II DSM-III-R Personality Disorders and the remaining relatives were interviewed indirectly, using the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria. Relatives of OCD-schizophrenia probands had significantly higher morbid risks for OCD-schizophrenia (2.2% vs. 0%; P = 0.033) and OCPD (7.14% vs. 1.90%; P = 0.014), and a trend towards higher morbid risk for OCD (4.41% vs. 1.43%; P = 0.08) compared to relatives of non-OCD schizophrenia probands. When morbid risks for OCD, OCPD, and OCD-schizophrenia were pooled together, the significant between-group difference became robust (13.74% vs. 3.33%; P = 0.0002). In contrast, relatives of the two schizophrenia groups did not differ significantly in morbid risks for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, mood disorders, or substance abuse disorders. A differential aggregation of OC-associated disorders in relatives of OCD-schizophrenia versus non-OCD schizophrenia probands, provides further support for the validity of a putative OCD-schizophrenia ("schizo-obsessive") diagnostic entity.
Glucose tolerance and ancestral genetic admixture in six semitraditional pacific populations (1984)

Population-based data on 1,842 subjects from six semitraditional Pacific communities, collected in the years 1978-1983, have been compared in order to examine the hypotheses that differences in the distribution of plasma glucose concentration between populations are to some extent genetically determined, and that non-Austronesian (NAN) Melanesians are relatively resistant to glucose intolerance. Semitraditional communities were chosen for study so that the comparison would be minimally confounded by either known or as yet undetermined environmental factors associated with nontraditional living, the effects of which may vary between populations. The samples were also selected so as to provide a gradient of proportional NAN and AN admixture. They were drawn from the following regions: the highlands of Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji, the Wallis Islands, Western Samoa, and Kiribati (formerly the Gilbert Islands). The Papua New Guinea highlanders, of entirely NAN ancestry, were regarded as the baseline population. A gradient of increasing mean 2-hr plasma glucose concentration was observed across the six populations and differences persisted between populations, after controlling for age and obesity. Variations in diet, physical activity, and degree of sociocultural modernization were not considered a sufficient or consistent explanation of these findings and they therefore lend tentative support to the hypothesis of a genetic component to variability in glucose tolerance. The relationship between population estimates of glucose tolerance and estimates of the genetic distance from the baseline NAN Melanesian sample was examined. With the notable exception of Fiji, there was evidence of a linear correlation between the two parameters.
Mobile ad hoc networking and the IETF (2001)

This article is part of a continuing series to discuss ongoing activities within the mobile ad hoc networking (manet) working group (WG) of the IETE This article provides a brief overview of recent events.
Supplementary Table S1 from Senescence Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells Is Defined by Positive Feedback Loop between CIP2A and E2F1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1 PDF file - 71K, CIP2A overexpression frequencies and clinical relevance in human cancer types&lt;/p&gt;
Three combined pretreatments for reactive gasification feedstock from wet coffee grounds waste (2021)

Abstract In this study, a new pretreatment for using wet food biomass waste as a high calorific and reactive feedstock for gasification is presented. The method involves the addition of calcium hydroxide, hot water treatment, and dewatering in vegetable oil. Hot water treatment at 230°C reduced the oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of coffee grounds waste to improve the calorific value, but this treatment also formed an inactive cross-linked structure caused by dehydration reactions. By mixing the coffee grounds waste with calcium hydroxide powder before the hot water treatment, cross-linking was suppressed and the gasification rate of the char significantly increased because of the catalytic effect. With or without hot water treatment, the time required to complete gasification for the chars of the grounds mixed with calcium hydroxide was reduced to about one-third of that for the char of the untreated grounds. After heating in vegetable oil at 150°C, moisture was completely removed from the coffee grounds and they became impregnated with a large amount of the oil. As dewatering in oil did not affect the gasification rate of the chars, a combination of these three treatments was found to efficiently convert wet food biomass waste into a gasification feedstock.
Design of a MEMS-based microchemical oxygen-iodine laser (/spl mu/COIL) system (2004)

A design of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based microscale chemical-oxygen iodine laser (/spl mu/COIL) system is presented. A mathematical model of the /spl mu/COIL system, based upon existing macroscale models of the COIL system and related microscale technologies, is formulated and used to predict system performance. The new /spl mu/COIL concept is comprised of an array of cocurrent gas- and liquid-flow singlet-oxygen generators, which supply a supersonic slit nozzle for Iodine dissociation and excitation, a segment of a macroscale optical cavity, and a /spl mu/-scale pressure-recovery system to maintain low-pressure operation. Reactor, nozzle, optical cavity, and pressure recovery system models are developed individually and integrated into a model of the overall system. The resulting model of the /spl mu/COIL system is employed to determine the optimal reagent throughputs, reactor dimensions, and operating pressures to maximize output energy density, defined as the output power divided by the total system and reagent weight for a 100 s operating time. Detailed simulation results corresponding to an optimal energy density of 24.6 kJ/kg are presented, in conjunction with energy density values obtained over the entire parameter space studied. Consideration is given to the design of a realizable, integrated /spl mu/COIL system, for minimum (7.1 kW) and high-power (/spl sim/100 kW) systems. Results of the study suggest that the /spl mu/COIL system could be a superior alternative to existing COIL devices, via reduced system volume and weight and improved reliability and safety.
Control of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: vaccine development and our Ebola project in Sierra Leone (2016)

Since December 2013, West Africa has experienced the worst Ebola virus outbreak in recorded history. Of the 28,639 cases reported to the World Health Organization as of March 2016, nearly half (14,124) occurred in Sierra Leone. With a case fatality rate of approximately 40%, this outbreak has claimed the lives of 11,316 individuals. No FDA-approved vaccines or drugs are available to prevent or treat Ebola virus infection. Experimental vaccines and therapies are being developed; however, their safety and efficacy are still being evaluated. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop control measures to prevent or limit future Ebola virus outbreaks.Previously, we developed a replication-defective Ebola virus that lacks the coding region for the essential viral transcription activator VP30 (Ebola ΔVP30 virus). Here, we evaluated the vaccine efficacy of Ebola ΔVP30 virus in a non-human primate model and describe our collaborative Ebola project in Sierra Leone.
The Anabolic Role of Cannabinoid Receptor in Bone (2010)

Endocannabinoids and their G protein‐coupled cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) are present in the skeleton. CB2 is expressed in osteoblast (OB), though CB1 is debatable. We have begun a characterization of the skeletal phenotype in CB1/CB2 double receptor knockout (CB1/2 dKO) mice, We also utilized specific CB1&amp;2 receptor antagonists to examine their effects, either individually or in combination, on OB differentiation. We conducted micro‐CT analysis of femurs from 12 week‐old CB1/2 dKO mice demonstrating a significant reduction in cortical and trabecular bone volume and thickness, when compared to wild‐type mice. To examine the functional significance of CB1&amp;2 receptors on OB differentiation, we established primary OB cultures utilizing newborn wild‐type calvaria. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed to evaluate the effects of CB receptor antagonists on OB differentiation. Treatment with the CB1 or CB2 antagonist caused a significant, dose‐dependent inhibition of ALP activity. In cultures treated with both antagonists, the inhibition of ALP was more pronounced compared to either antagonist alone. Our results suggest that CB1 &amp; CB2 are functional receptors during OB differentiation and in regulation of bone mass. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate intracellular signaling subsequent to ligand activation of CB1&amp;2 in OB Grant Funding Source : NIH‐NIAMS AR048892
Inter-Operator Spectrum Sharing in a Broadband Cellular Network (2006)

Inter-operator spectrum sharing in a wide-area broadband network is considered in this paper. A packet-based cellular model is developed, emphasizing the shift in the telecommunications industry towards IP-based services. In the framework of this architecture, we show the ideal maximum load that the network can handle without excessive delays, and present our main result: that even with sharing, this operating point is rarely achieved. This is the consequence of geographical and physical layer constraints, which limit the gains achievable by spectrum sharing. Using a physical layer cellular model with idealistic resource management, we quantify the achievable sharing gains. We further analyze these gains in the context of variable data rates, quality of service guarantees, and number of operators
A Case of Toxic Shock Syndrome after Peritonsillar Abscess (2003)

We describe a patient hospitalized for peritonsillar abscess who developed toxic shock syndrome. A 38-year-old male sought medical advice because of persistent high fever and sore throat with severe pain during swallowing. Physical examination found gross unilateral swelling of the palate and anterior pillar with medial displacement of the right tonsil. We diagnosed peritonsillar abscess and performed surgical drainage under antibiotic coverage. By the third hospital day the patient became afebrile and was gradually able to eat. However, he had a spiking temperature up to 40°C and his blood pressure was 80/50mmHg on the sixth day. He complained of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Laboratory data demonstrated a WBC count of 31, 800/μl, CRP level of 19.5mg/dl, BUN level of 27mg/dl, GOT and GPT level of 59 and 40IU/I. A stool culture revealed toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) producing Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Insulin and phorbol ester stimulate conductive Na+ transport through a common pathway. (1988)

Insulin stimulates Na+ transport across frog skin, toad urinary bladder, and the distal renal nephron. This stimulation reflects an increase in apical membrane Na+ permeability and a stimulation of the basolateral membrane Na,K-exchange pump. Considerable indirect evidence has suggested that the apical natriferic effect of insulin is mediated by activation of protein kinase C. However, no direct information has been available documenting that insulin and protein kinase C indeed share a common pathway in stimulating Na+ transport across frog skin. In the present work, we have studied the interaction of insulin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a documented activator of protein kinase C. Preincubation of skins with 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, another activator of protein kinase C, increases baseline Na+ transport and reduces the subsequent natriferic response to PMA. Preincubation with PMA markedly reduces the subsequent natriferic action of insulin. This effect does not appear to primarily reflect PMA-induced internalization of insulin receptors. The insulin receptors are localized on the basolateral surface of frog skin, but the application of PMA to this surface is much less effective than mucosal treatment in reducing the response to insulin. Preincubation with D-sphingosine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, also reduces the natriferic action of insulin. The current results provide documentation that insulin and protein kinase C share a common pathway in stimulating Na+ transport across frog skin. The data are consistent with the concept that the natriferic effect of insulin on frog skin is, at least in part, mediated by activation of protein kinase C.
Laser cladding with coaxial wire feeding (2012)

In the last years coaxial laser heads have been developed with centric wire feeding equipment which enables the laser processing of complex shaped objects in different applications. These newly developed laser heads are being used in laser brazing experiments in the automotive industry. This paper presents experimental results of using a coaxial laser head for wire cladding application. The coaxial wire cladding method has significant improvements compared to the off-axis wire cladding method, such as independence of the travel direction, alignment of the wire to the laser beam and a reduced number of controlling parameters. These features are important to achieve high quality coatings. Experimental cladding tests were done with a coaxial laser wire welding head at Fraunhofer IWS. High quality corrosion resistant coatings with low dilution were produced using Inconel 625 solid wire.