gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
66 MARINOBUFAGENIN INHIBITS PROLIFERATION VIA NA+/K+-ATPASE-DEPENDENT DOWN-REGULATION OF ERK AND JNK SIGNALING IN CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS. (2007)

<h3></h3> MBG is an endogenous mammalian cardiotonic steroid that is involved in the inhibition of the sodium pump Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase. Increased plasma levels of MBG are associated with hypertension, renal failure, and preeclampsia. In an animal model of preeclampsia, we have shown that MBG levels are elevated prior to the development of hypertension, indicating that it may play a key role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, which is characterized by shallow placentation. We recently demonstrated that MBG impairs both the proliferation and growth factor-induced migration of first-trimester cytotrophoblasts (CTB), cells critical for placental development. The intracellular signaling mechanisms regulating MBG-induced inhibition of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase and the impairment of CTB differentiation are unknown. Activation of MAP kinase signaling (such as ERK1/2, p38 and Jnk) is known to play a critical role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Thus, the aim of our study was to begin to elucidate the mechanisms by which MBG inhibits proliferation via down-regulation of MAP kinase signaling. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used to elucidate intracellular signaling mechanisms. CHO cells have previously been used to study Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase transport activities. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and Jnk1/2 was evaluated by ELISA and by immunoblotting for phosphorylated and total proteins from CHO cells stimulated with MBG (10 and 100 nM) at 0-, 10-, 30-, and 60-minute time points. Apoptosis was evaluated by caspase 3/7 activation. MBG inhibited the proliferation of CHO cells, indicating a Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-dependent mechanism involving intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>. MBG stimulated a significant time-dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and Jnk1/2 but not p38. In addition to inhibition of proliferation, MBG stimulated a significant increase in caspase 3/7, indicating the activation of apoptosis. We conclude that the MBG-induced impairment of CHO cell differentiation/proliferation occurs via a Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-dependent down-regulation of ERK1/2 and Jnk1/2 activation and activation of apoptosis. Therapeutic targeting of the MBG signaling pathway may provide treatment paradigms for preeclampsia.
Copper contamination effect on the reliability of devices in the BiCMOS technology (1999)

Copper (Cu) will be used to replace aluminum in the next generation metallization due to its low resistivity and high electromigration resistance. However, copper is a fast diffuser in silicon and silicon dioxide, and it is detrimental to the devices if it gets into the active region. We have investigated several approaches to contaminating with Cu the back surface of a fully processed BiCMOS wafer in order to study its effect on devices. In order to estimate the amount of Cu driven to the active region, a simulated drive-in diffusion experiment is used. Vapor Phase Decomposition--Atomic Absorption Spectrometry is used to measure Cu on the front surface of the wafer after annealing. In a fully processed BiCMOS wafer, the internal gettering: oxygen precipitation occurs at the initial high temperature process steps. This oxygen precipitation acts as trapping centers and an intrinsic barrier that prevents impurities that may be driven from the back surface of the wafer. The effectiveness of the internal gettering of a simulated BiCMOS processed wafer is measured in comparison to a monitor wafer which has no internal gettering. Electrical measurement shows an increase in the base current in a Gummel Plot measurement of the Bipolar device after Cu contamination. This effect is most visible for a wafer that has been annealed at 550 degree(s)C for 30 minutes.
Dinuclear Complexes of Ru and Os Containing A Rigid Bridging Ligand: Photophysical Properties and Photoinduced Energy Transfer (1993)

Abstract The homo- and hetero-nuclear complexes of Ru(II) and Os(II) containing a bis(bipyridine) rigid bridging ligand (A) have been prepared. Their absorption spectra, electrochemical behavior and luminescence properties have been investigated. Luminescence intensity and lifetime measurements indicate that in the mixed-metal complex [(bpy)2RuAOs(bpy)2 4+ efficient energy transfer takes place from the Ru-based component to the Os-based one.
Towards Demystifying Membership Inference Attacks (2018)

Membership inference attacks seek to infer membership of individual training instances of a model to which an adversary has black-box access through a machine learning-as-a-service API. In providing an in-depth characterization of membership privacy risks against machine learning models, this paper presents a comprehensive study towards demystifying membership inference attacks from two complimentary perspectives. First, we provide a generalized formulation of the development of a black-box membership inference attack model. Second, we characterize the importance of model choice on model vulnerability through a systematic evaluation of a variety of machine learning models and model combinations using multiple datasets. Through formal analysis and empirical evidence from extensive experimentation, we characterize under what conditions a model may be vulnerable to such black-box membership inference attacks. We show that membership inference vulnerability is data-driven and corresponding attack models are largely transferable. Though different model types display different vulnerabilities to membership inference, so do different datasets. Our empirical results additionally show that (1) using the type of target model under attack within the attack model may not increase attack effectiveness and (2) collaborative learning exposes vulnerabilities to membership inference risks when the adversary is a participant. We also discuss countermeasure and mitigation strategies.
Synthesis and Spectral Electrochemical Properties of a Symmetrical Tin-Bridged [3.3]Ferrocenophane (2013)

The symmetrical bisferrocene 1,1,14,14-tetra-n-butyl-2,2,13,13,15,15,26,26-octamethyl-1,2,13,14,15,26-hexastanna[3.3]ferrocenophane ([(η5-C5H4)Fe(η5-C5H4SnMe2Sn(n-Bu)2SnMe2)]2, 8) was synthesized in good yield (82%) from the reductive coupling reaction of 1,1′-bis(dimethylstannyl)ferrocene, 6, with one equivalent of di-n-butylbis(diethylamino) stannane, 7a, at 0 °C in diethyl ether solution. Compound 8 is stable to ambient light but decomposes in the presence of moisture or chlorinated solvents. The title compound 8 was characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 117Sn, 119Sn) spectroscopy, HRMS, and elemental analysis. A statistical model to account for the 117Sn/119Sn coupling patterns, observed in both the 117Sn and 119Sn NMR spectra, was undertaken and is a good fit to experimental data. Investigations by UV–vis spectroscopy display a visible d–d transition at λmax at 455 nm (ε = 74 L mol–1 cm–1), while cyclic voltammetry reveals two reversible oxidation events at 0.01 and 0.23 V (relative to the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple), indicative of strong electronic communication between the ferrocene units. A DFT analysis of compound 8 supports the symmetrical nature of the molecule with a calculated intramolecular distance of ≃8.5 Å between iron centers. This is the first example of a [3.3]ferrocenophane bearing three σ-conjugated group 14 spacers between the ferrocene units. Furthermore, an improved route to 1,1,2,2-tetramethyldistannanediyl[2]ferrocenophane 4a has been found, through an intermolecular dehydrogenative coupling of 6 with catalytic amounts of Pd2(dba)3, that leads to superior yields of 4a over previously published protocols.
Kinetics of relapse after pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C (2013)

To optimize standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C in responder patients who have achieved undetectable viral load, a prospective study was conducted to determine the factors and kinetics of virologic relapse. Responder patients were monitored 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after the end of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Forty-seven of the 154 patients (30.5%) relapsed. Relapse was significantly associated with absence of rapid virologic response (RVR), retreatment, higher baseline viral load, older age, and lower weight-based dose of pegylated interferon. Relapse was more frequent in patients failing to achieve a RVR after receiving pegylated interferon alpha 2a < 2.5 µg/week or alpha 2b < 1.5 µg/week (P = 0.002). Among patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 with non-CC IL-28B polymorphism (rs12979860), viral decay during treatment was lower in relapsers (P = 0.003 at week 4). Relapse was detected at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 after the end of treatment for 5, 8, 10, and 6 patients infected with HCV genotype 1, respectively. Positive predictive values for sustained virologic response were 70.9%, 80.2%, 91.9%, and 98.8% at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12, respectively. Only one patient relapsed beyond 24 weeks. Closer follow-up and treatment adaptation in patients failing to achieve RVR may decrease the relapse rate in slower responders and heavier patients. Monitoring viral load as early as 1 month after the end of treatment could be useful to assess virologic response.
Automatic speech recognition of multiple accented English data (2010)

Accent variability is an important factor in speech that can significantly degrade automatic speech recognition performance. We investigate the effect of multiple accents on an English broadcast news recognition system. A multi-accented English corpus is used for the task, including broadcast news segments from 6 different geographic regions: US, Great Britain, Australia, North Africa, Middle East and India. There is significant performance degradation of a baseline system trained on only US data when confronted with shows from other regions. The results improve significantly when data from all the regions are included for accent-independent acoustic model training. Further improvements are achieved when MAP-adapted accentdependent models are used in conjunction with a GMM accent classifier.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrode Performance Test of Single Ceramic Fuel Cells Using as Electrolyte Sr‐ and Mg‐Doped LaGaO3. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Signal Transduction Pathways That Synergize to Stimulate HIV Type 1 Production by Monocytes from HIV Type 1 Transgenic Mice (2005)

HIV-1-infected monocyte/macrophages located in lymph nodes and tissues are highly productive sources of HIV-1 and may function as a persistent reservoir contributing to the rebound viremia observed after highly active antiretroviral therapy is stopped. Mechanisms activating latently infected, primary monocyte/macrophages to produce HIV-1 were investigated using monocytes isolated from a transgenic mouse line carrying a full-length proviral clone of a monocyte-tropic HIV-1 isolate, HIV-1(JR-CSF), regulated by the endogenous long terminal repeat (LTR) (JR-CSF mice). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced infectious HIV-1 production by JR-CSF mouse monocytes over 10-fold and 100-fold higher than that stimulated by GM-CSF or LPS alone, respectively. We examined mechanisms of GM-CSF synergy with LPS and demonstrated that GM-CSF up-regulated the LPS receptor, TLR-4, and also synergized with LPS to activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/ERK kinase and the Sp1 transcription factor. Inhibitors of either MAP kinase/ERK kinase or p38 kinase but not PI 3-kinase potently suppressed GM-CSF and LPS-induced HIV-1 production by JR-CSF mouse monocytes. Because Sp1 is activated by both the MAP kinase/ERK kinase and p38 kinase pathways, we postulate that synergistic activation of these pathways by GM-CSF and LPS induced sufficient levels of Sp1 to activate the HIV-1 LTR in a Tat-independent manner and induced HIV-1 production by JR-CSF mouse monocytes. Thus, our study delineated the pathway of HIV-1 LTR activation by GM-CSF and LPS and indicated that JR-CSF transgenic mice may provide a new in vitro and in vivo system for investigating the mechanism by which inflammatory and infectious stimuli activate HIV-1 production from latently infected monocytes.
Economic competitiveness of III–V on silicon tandem one‐sun photovoltaic solar modules in favorable future scenarios (2016)

Abstract Tandem modules combining a III–V top cell with a Si bottom cell offer the potential to increase the solar energy conversion efficiency of one‐sun photovoltaic modules beyond 25%, while fully utilizing the global investment that has been made in Si photovoltaics manufacturing. At present, the cost of III–V cells is far too high for this approach to be competitive for one‐sun terrestrial power applications. We investigated the system‐level economic benefits of both GaAs/Si and InGaP/Si tandem modules in favorable future scenarios where the cost of III–V cells is substantially reduced, perhaps to less than the cost of Si cells. We found, somewhat unexpectedly, that these tandems can reduce installed system cost only when the area‐related balance‐of‐system cost is high, such as for area‐constrained residential rooftop systems in the USA. When area‐related balance‐of‐system cost is lower, such as for utility‐scale systems, the tandem module offers no benefit. This is because a system using tandem modules is more expensive than one using single‐junction Si modules when III–V cells are expensive, and a system using tandem modules is more expensive than one using single‐junction III–V modules when III–V cells are inexpensive. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Supplementary Figure 6 from αvβ6 Integrin Promotes Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer through JNK1-Mediated Activation of Androgen Receptor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ERK1 and p38 are not activated by alphavbeta6 integrin upon ligand binding.&lt;/p&gt;
Use of Acyclovir for Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Is Not Associated with Genotypic Evidence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Resistance to Acyclovir: Analysis of Specimens from Three Phase III Trials (2010)

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease and is a cofactor for HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. We analyzed specimens from three separate phase III trials of acyclovir (ACV) for prevention of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission to determine if failure of ACV to interrupt HIV acquisition and transmission was associated with genotypic ACV resistance. Acyclovir (400 mg twice daily) or placebo was provided to HSV-2-infected persons at risk of HIV-1 infection in the Mwanza and HPTN 039 trials and to persons dually infected with HSV-2 and HIV-1 who had an HIV-negative partner in the Partners in Prevention study. We extracted HSV DNA from genital ulcer swabs or cervicovaginal lavage fluids from 68 samples obtained from 64 participants randomized to ACV and sequenced the HSV-2 UL23 gene encoding thymidine kinase. The UL23 sequences were compared with published and unpublished data. Variants were observed in 38/1,128 (3.4%) nucleotide positions in the UL23 open reading frame, with 58% of these encoding amino acid changes. No deletions, insertions, or mutations known to be associated with resistance were detected. Thirty-one of the variants (81.5%) are newly reported, 15 of which code for amino acid changes. Overall, UL23 is highly polymorphic compared to other loci in HSV-2, but no drug resistance mutations were detected that could explain the failure to reduce HIV incidence or to prevent HIV-1 transmission in these studies.
Deduction of Continuum Potentials from Planar Channeling (1972)

A new method for determining planar continuum potentials from planar channeling data has been developed. Preliminary experiments have been done for 1.8-MeV $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles in [111] gold planar directions from which the continuum potential has been deduced.
Spliced peptides and cytokine driven changes in the immunopeptidome of melanoma (2019)

Summary Antigen-recognition by CD8 + T cells is governed by the pool of peptide antigens presented on the cell surface in the context of HLA class I complexes. Recent studies have shown not only a high degree of plasticity in the immunopeptidome, but also that a considerable fraction of all presented peptides is generated through proteasome-mediated splicing of non-contiguous regions of proteins to form novel peptide antigens. Here we used high-resolution mass-spectrometry combined with new bioinformatic approaches to characterize the immunopeptidome of melanoma cells in the presence or absence of interferon-γ. In total, we identified more than 60,000 peptides from a single patient derived cell line (LM-MEL-44) and demonstrated that interferon-γ induced marked changes in the peptidome with an overlap of only ∼50% between basal and treated cells. Around 6-8% of the peptides were identified as cis -spliced peptides, and 2213 peptides (1827 linear, 386 cis -spliced peptides) were derived from known melanoma-associated antigens. These peptide antigens were equally distributed between the constitutive and interferon-γ induced peptidome. We next examined additional HLA-matched patient derived cell lines to investigate how frequently these peptides were identified and found that a high proportion of both linear and spliced peptides were conserved between individual patient tumors, drawing on data amassing to over 100,000 peptide sequences from these extended data sets. Moreover, several of these peptides showed in vitro immunogenicity across multiple melanoma patients. These observations highlight the breadth and complexity of the repertoire of immunogenic peptides that can be exploited therapeutically and suggest that spliced peptides are a major new class of tumor antigens.
Thermomechanical behavior and reliability of Au/Si MEMS structures (2004)

Our work with micromechanical structures investigates the magnitude and physics of inelastic behavior at various thermomechanical-loading conditions. We also seek to achieve greater mechanical stability, for example using nanometer-thick atomic-layer deposition (ALD) coatings.
Classification of Highly Unbalanced CYP450 Data of Drugs Using Cost Sensitive Machine Learning Techniques (2006)

In this paper, we study the classifications of unbalanced data sets of drugs. As an example we chose a data set of 2D6 inhibitors of cytochrome P450. The human cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform plays a key role in the metabolism of many drugs in the preclinical drug discovery process. We have collected a data set from annotated public data and calculated physicochemical properties with chemoinformatics methods. On top of this data, we have built classifiers based on machine learning methods. Data sets with different class distributions lead to the effect that conventional machine learning methods are biased toward the larger class. To overcome this problem and to obtain sensitive but also accurate classifiers we combine machine learning and feature selection methods with techniques addressing the problem of unbalanced classification, such as oversampling and threshold moving. We have used our own implementation of a support vector machine algorithm as well as the maximum entropy method. Our feature selection is based on the unsupervised McCabe method. The classification results from our test set are compared structurally with compounds from the training set. We show that the applied algorithms enable the effective high throughput in silico classification of potential drug candidates.
Geometric Transformations in Descriptive Geometry And Engineering Graphics (2015)

The publication is devoted to the analysis and justification&#x0D; of questions of teaching one of the most important sections&#x0D; of the course &amp;#34;Descriptive geometry&amp;#34; &amp;#34;Geometrical transformations&amp;#34;.&#x0D; On the basis of critical analysis suggestions are made for improvement&#x0D; of a presentation technique of this section in the classroom&#x0D; and in academic literature, as well as for extension of application&#x0D; of geometrical transformations for the solution of position and&#x0D; metric tasks, surfaces modelling, and also for design of complex&#x0D; engineering forms that meets certain preassigned conditions.It is&#x0D; offered to make a number of considerable amendments to the terms&#x0D; and definitions used in the existing courses of descriptive geometry.&#x0D; Some conclusions are made, and the appropriate proposals on&#x0D; feasibility of coordination of movementtransformationteachingin&#x0D; the courses of analytical and descriptive geometry are made. It will&#x0D; provide interdisciplinary communications and allow students to be&#x0D; convinced in usefulness and expediency of a combination of analytical&#x0D; and graphic ways of geometric tasks solution. Implementation&#x0D; of these suggestions contained in the article will contribute to a real&#x0D; transformation of engineering and geometrical training and as a&#x0D; consequence, the quality of training specialists.
Integration of Immersive Environment and RULA for Real-Time Study of Workplace Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Upper Limb (2003)

The assessment of musculoskeletal disorders prevalent among industrial workers involved in manual tasks is a difficult and time-consuming process. This paper presents the integration of the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) algorithm, a well-established ergonomic tool, with a virtual assembly tool (VADE), to facilitate the identification of potential upper limb injuries in assembly processes and identification of potential solutions. In this context, a parametric human model was embedded into the virtual assembly system. The posture of the worker is analyzed continuously (at each frame) in real-time, as he/she performs the task. This allows the engineer to try out different postures and assembly processes quickly to identify the best work environment set-up. One pilot study is presented in this paper to demonstrate the application of this concept. This pilot study (conducted jointly with an industry partner) clearly illustrates the validity and utility of this method in identifying and reducing manual assembly process related musculoskeletal stresses.
GPU-accelerated Rendering for Medical Augmented Reality in Minimally-invasive Procedures. (2010)

Abstract. Recent advances in GPU programmability and performance have enabled development of real-time high quality volume visualization algorithms. Medical augmented reality systems can benefit from these developments. Task-specific visualization aids physicians in better understanding the patient’s anatomy and supports navigation of medical instruments in absence of a direct line of sight in minimally-invasive procedures. In this paper we present our results of integration of a hardware accelerated volume renderer into a medical augmented reality framework using a video see-through head mounted display (HMD). The performance of the system is evaluated in an experiment for two human CT datasets. Compared to the literature, our approach allows direct realtime stereo visualization of volumetric medical data on a HMD without prior time consuming pre-processing or segmentation. To further improve the visual perception and interaction of real and virtual objects, the renderer implements a virtual mirror and occlusion handling with the physicians hands and tracked medical instruments. 1