gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
We're Stuck: Efficient Casing Removal for Well Abandonment Applications (2017)

Well abandonment operations represent pure cost to the operator without return on their expenditure. However, to manage future liability, these activities are critically important. Performing them correctly involves detailed planning. Good practice places a permanent barrier across the wellbore in competent cap rock and embeds all tubulars in the cement. Herein lies the main challenge for well abandonment; annular isolation is sometimes compromised or wasn't there from the start (e.g., subsea wells). Addressing these annular isolation issues results in extra steps in the well abandonment process, translating into extra time and money for the operator. This paper will discuss field-proven, cost-effective solutions for casing removal including reducing the surface footprint or providing a single-trip solution that lowers the overall cost of operation. Multiple case histories will highlight different challenges, solved by novel ideas and a combination of surface systems and downhole equipment. Case History 1: 13⅜-in. casing partially stuck in the well needs to be removed, a single cut-and-pull operation was not successful and milling was not an option due to shallow/weak formation and equivalent circulating density (ECD) issues. Advanced milling technology enabled 30 casing cuts in a single trip in short sections, allowing each section to be pulled free using the rig's pulling capacity while minimizing surface handling. Case Study 2: Platform load capacity or pulling capacity limitations often lead to challenging casing removal operations for slot recoveries and/or permanent well abandonment. Exercising downhole pulling force by anchoring in a larger casing size and utilizing pump pressure instead of overpull enables freeing of pipe with limited surface capabilities. Multiple examples will be shown, including time saved. Case Study 3: Platform conductor removal operations can be very challenging when the type of connectors cannot carry the full conductor load with inner casing strings. A Rigless solution performing simultaneous operations with the main platform rig, using a sacrificial casing string to pull from the bottom provided a cost-effective solution. Case Study 4: Platform conductor removal where the conductors have been previously cut and now stand in the water column present challenges of a different kind. The limited platform size led to a casing jacking solution with guide wires that safely and cost-effectively remove the conductors from below the mudline without bringing in a jack-up rig. A "now what" selection guide at the end of the paper provides an overview of different solutions available, depending on downhole scope of work and the surface capabilities.
Higher Frequencies of GARP+CTLA-4+Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Are Associated with Impaired T-Cell Functionality (2013)

The extent to which T-cell-mediated immune surveillance is impaired in human cancer remains a question of major importance, given its potential impact on the development of generalized treatments of advanced disease where the highest degree of heterogeneity exists. Here, we report the first global analysis of immune dysfunction in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using multi-parameter fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we quantified the cumulative frequency of regulatory T cells (Treg), exhausted CD4(+) helper T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) to gain concurrent views on the overall level of immune dysfunction in these inoperable patients. We documented augmented numbers of Tregs, MDSC, PD-1(+)-exhausted T cells, and increased levels of immunosuppressive cytokines in patients with HCC, compared with normal controls, revealing a network of potential mechanisms of immune dysregulation in patients with HCC. In dampening T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity, we hypothesized that these processes may facilitate HCC progression and thwart the efficacy of immunotherapeutic interventions. In testing this hypothesis, we showed that combined regimens to deplete Tregs, MDSC, and PD-1(+) T cells in patients with advanced HCC restored production of granzyme B by CD8(+) T cells, reaching levels observed in normal controls and also modestly increased the number of IFN-γ producing CD4(+) T cells. These clinical findings encourage efforts to restore T-cell function in patients with advanced stage disease by highlighting combined approaches to deplete endogenous suppressor cell populations that can also expand effector T-cell populations.
RF noisy environment measurement and throughput measurement by superconducting cryogenic receiver (2017)

We report on the improvement brought about by applying a cryogenic receiver to a mobile phone system. The cryogenic receiver consists of a high-Tc superconducting bandpass filter and a cryogenic low-noise amplifier operating at 77 K. Firstly, we measure the RF noisy environment in the horizontal direction in an urban area. The measured result indicated a lower noise characteristic in the cryogenic receiver than in the conventional receiver. As a result, the cryogenic receiver can be expected to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Next, we evaluate the communication throughput by using a base station with the cryogenic receiver and demonstrate the superiority of the cryogenic receiver. Throughput improvement in the case of 77 K thermal noise input for the cryogenic receiver was measured to be 6.1 dB compared with the conventional receiver. This result almost agrees with the ideal improvement of SNR by temperature difference. The throughput improvement of the cryogenic receiver by actual radio wave was 1.5 dB to 3.5 dB compared with the conventional receiver at room temperature. This result almost agrees with the improvement of the measured difference of the external environment noise. The cryogenic receiver can be expected to realize high-speed communication.
Cover Picture: Lipase Active‐Site‐Directed Anchoring of Organometallics: Metallopincer/Protein Hybrids (Chem. Eur. J. 23/2005) (2005)

Site‐directed attachment …︁ of organometallic complexes to enzymes is described by means of irreversible enzyme inhibitors as anchoring moieties by G. van Koten et al. on page 6869 ff. The cover picture was generated using PyMol software: W. L. DeLano, The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System 2002 , DeLano Scientific, San Carlos, CA (USA); http://www.pymol.org/.
IL‐22 Protects against Biliary Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury after Liver Transplantation via Activating STAT3 and Reducing Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Levels In Vitro and In Vivo (2022)

Biliary complications are currently one of the leading causes of liver failure and patient death after liver transplantation and need to be solved urgently. Biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the important causes of biliary complications. IL-22 has a protective effect on liver injury and hepatitis diseases, and its safety and efficacy in the treatment of hepatitis have also been proved in human clinical experiments. Furthermore, multiple studies have confirmed that IL-22 promotes the proliferation and repair of epithelial cells in various organs. Still, its function in the bile duct after transplantation has not been explored. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of IL-22 on cholangiocyte IRI in vitro and in vivo and exploring its underlying mechanisms. We simulated the hypoxia process of bile duct epithelial cells through in vitro experiments to investigate the protective function and molecular mechanism of IL-22 on bile duct epithelial cells. Subsequently, the function and mechanism of IL-22 in the biliary IRI model of autologous orthotopic liver transplantation in rats were assessed. This study confirmed that IL-22 could promote cholangiocyte proliferation, decrease the apoptosis rate of cholangiocytes and tissues, decrease MDA levels, and increase SOD levels by activating STAT3. In addition, IL-22 can also reduce the level of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, protect mitochondria, reduce ROS production, and play a role in protecting bile ducts. These findings provide evidence for IL-22 as a novel and effective treatment for biliary IRI after liver transplantation.
A multivariable prediction model for pegvisomant dosing: monotherapy and in combination with long-acting somatostatin analogues (2017)

In this study, we show that IGF-I levels, weight, height and age can contribute to define the optimal PEGV dose to normalize IGF-I levels in addition to LA-SSA. For PEGV monotherapy, only the patient's weight was associated with the IGF-I normalization PEGV dosage.
Reversible Interconversion of Homochiral Triangular Macrocycles and Helical Coordination Polymers (2007)

The self-assembly of homochiral salen-based 60° corner building blocks and Cu2+ ions results in either a homochiral molecular triangle or a homochiral helix depending on solvent ratio (MeOH/pyridine). The process is reversible, and each compound has been characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.
Identify the Nash Equilibrium in Static Games with Random Payoffs (2017)

We study the problem on how to learn the pure Nash Equilibrium of a two-player zero-sum static game with random payoffs under unknown distributions via efficient payoff queries. We introduce a multi-armed bandit model to this problem due to its ability to find the best arm efficiently among random arms and propose two algorithms for this problem—LUCB-G based on the confidence bounds and a racing algorithm based on successive action elimination. We provide an analysis on the sample complexity lower bound when the Nash Equilibrium exists.
Efficient Temperature Sensor Based on SOI Gate-All-Around Electrostatically Formed Nanowire Transistor (2019)

Electrostatically formed nanowire (EFN) transistor is a majority carrier silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device, operated in the depletion mode, with the conducting channel size and position modulated by surrounding gates. When operated in the subthreshold regime, the EFN transistor is an efficient temperature sensor. We present a novel EFN transistor design with a top gate, named gate-all-around EFN (GAA EFN), allowing increased temperature sensitivity. The new design enables the formation of the EFN conductive channel in the volume of the SOI device layer, far from the top and bottom silicon/oxide interfaces, thus reducing the noise level and increasing the temperature sensitivity to 13.3%/K.
Fast Mutual Exclusion, Even with Contention (1993)

We present a mutual exclusion algorithm that performs well both with and without contention, on machines with no atomic instructions other than read and write. The algorithm capitalizes on the ability of memory systems to read and write at both full- and half-word granularities. It depends on predictable processor execution rates, but requires no bound on the length of critical sections, performs only O(n) total references to shared memory when arbitrating among conflicting requests (rather than O(n^2) in the general version of Lamport''s fast mutual exclusion algorithm), and performs only 2 reads and 4 writes (a new lower bound) in the absence of contention. We provide a correctness proof. .pp We also investigate the utility of exponential backoff in fast mutual exclusion, with experimental results on the Silicon Graphics Iris multiprocessor and on a larger, simulated machine. With backoff in place, we find that Lamport''s algorithm, our new algorithm, and a recent algorithm due to Alur and Taubenfeld all work extremely well, outperforming the native hardware locks of the Silicon Graphics machine, even with heavy contention.
Effect of CO2 on the DeNOx Activity of a Small Pore Zeolite Copper Catalyst for NH3/SCR (2014)

Abstract Exposure of CuSSZ13 to CO 2 at temperatures below 300 °C can deactivate its low‐temperature deNOx activity during NH 3 /SCR, with the severity of deactivation being dependent on reaction temperature. The adsorption of NO on Cu 2+ ion is inhibited by CO 2 due to its competitive adsorption, while NH 3 adsorption on acidic sites of CuSSZ13 is largely unaffected by CO 2 , as evidenced by NO‐ and NH 3 ‐TPD in the presence of CO 2 . Under O 2 ‐rich conditions, CO 2 forms unidentate carbonates on Cu 2+ sites suppressing the formation of nitrates, a key reaction intermediate essential for NOx reduction during the NH 3 /SCR reaction, as revealed in an in situ FTIR study.
A 14 Bit 1 GS/s RF Sampling Pipelined ADC With Background Calibration (2014)

We discuss a 14 bit 1 GS/s RF sampling pipelined ADC that utilizes correlation-based background calibration to correct the inter-stage gain, settling and memory errors. To improve the sampling linearity and RF sampling performance, the ADC employs input distortion cancellation and a digital background calibration technique to compensate for the non-linear charge injection (kick-back) from the sampling capacitors on the input driver. In addition, an effective dithering technique is embedded in the calibration signal to break the dependence of the calibration's convergence on the input signal amplitude. The ADC is fabricated on a 65 nm CMOS process and has an integrated input buffer. With a 140 MHz and 2 Vpp input signal, the SNR is 69 dB, the SFDR is 86 dB, and the power is 1.2 W.
Gene Transfer of Mutant Mouse Cholinesterase Provides High Lifetime Expression and Reduced Cocaine Responses with No Evident Toxicity (2013)

Gene transfer of a human cocaine hydrolase (hCocH) derived from butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) by 5 mutations (A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G) has shown promise in animal studies for treatment of cocaine addiction. To predict the physiological fate and immunogenicity of this enzyme in humans, a comparable enzyme was created and tested in a conspecific host. Thus, similar mutations (A199S/S227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G) were introduced into mouse BChE to obtain a mouse CocH (mCocH). The cDNA was incorporated into viral vectors based on: a) serotype-5 helper-dependent adenovirus (hdAD) with ApoE promoter, and b) serotype-8 adeno-associated virus with CMV promoter (AAV-CMV) or multiple promoter and enhancer elements (AAV-VIP). Experiments on substrate kinetics of purified mCocH expressed in HEK293T cells showed 30-fold higher activity (U/mg) with (3)H-cocaine and 25% lower activity with butyrylthiocholine, compared with wild type BChE. In mice given modest doses of AAV-CMV-mCocH vector (0.7 or 3 × 10(11) particles) plasma hydrolase activity rose 10-fold above control for over one year with no observed immune response. Under the same conditions, transduction of the human counterpart continued less than 2 months and antibodies to hCocH were readily detected. The advanced AAV-VIP-mCocH vector generated a dose-dependent rise in plasma cocaine hydrolase activity from 20-fold (10(10) particles) to 20,000 fold (10(13) particles), while the hdAD vector (1.7 × 10(12) particles) yielded a 300,000-fold increase. Neither vector caused adverse reactions such as motor weakness, elevated liver enzymes, or disturbance in spontaneous activity. Furthermore, treatment with high dose hdAD-ApoE-mCocH vector (1.7 × 10(12) particles) prevented locomotor abnormalities, other behavioral signs, and release of hepatic alanine amino transferase after a cocaine dose fatal to most control mice (120 mg/kg). This outcome suggests that viral gene transfer can yield clinically effective cocaine hydrolase expression for lengthy periods without immune reactions or cholinergic dysfunction, while blocking toxicity from drug overdose.
UV–Ozone Interfacial Modification in Organic Transistors for High‐Sensitivity NO2 Detection (2017)

A new type of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub> ) gas sensor based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film transistors (TFTs) with a simple, low-cost UV-ozone (UVO)-treated polymeric gate dielectric is reported here. The NO<sub>2</sub> sensitivity of these TFTs with the dielectric surface UVO treatment is ≈400× greater for [NO<sub>2</sub> ] = 30 ppm than for those without UVO treatment. Importantly, the sensitivity is ≈50× greater for [NO<sub>2</sub> ] = 1 ppm with the UVO-treated TFTs, and a limit of detection of ≈400 ppb is achieved with this sensing platform. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of the gate dielectric and CuPc films are analyzed by atomic force microscopy, grazing incident X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealing that the enhanced sensing performance originates from UVO-derived hydroxylated species on the dielectric surface and not from chemical reactions between NO<sub>2</sub> and the dielectric/semiconductor components. This work demonstrates that dielectric/semiconductor interface engineering is essential for readily manufacturable high-performance TFT-based gas sensors.
The DynaMICCS perspective (2008)

The DynaMICCS mission is designed to probe and understand the dynamics of crucial regions of the Sun that determine solar variability, including the previously unexplored inner core, the radiative/convective zone interface layers, the photosphere/chromosphere layers and the low corona. The mission delivers data and knowledge that no other known mission provides for understanding space weather and space climate and for advancing stellar physics (internal dynamics) and fundamental physics (neutrino properties, atomic physics, gravitational moments...). The science objectives are achieved using Doppler and magnetic measurements of the solar surface, helioseismic and coronographic measurements, solar irradiance at different wavelengths and in-situ measurements of plasma/energetic particles/magnetic fields. The DynaMICCS payload uses an original concept studied by Thalès Alenia Space in the framework of the CNES call for formation flying missions: an external occultation of the solar light is obtained by putting an occulter spacecraft 150 m (or more) in front of a second spacecraft. The occulter spacecraft, a LEO platform of the mini sat class, e.g. PROTEUS, type carries the helioseismic and irradiance instruments and the formation flying technologies. The latter spacecraft of the same type carries a visible and infrared coronagraph for a unique observation of the solar corona and instrumentation for the study of the solar wind and imagers. This mission must guarantee long (one 11-year solar cycle) and continuous observations (duty cycle > 94%) of signals that can be very weak (the gravity mode detection supposes the measurement of velocity smaller than 1 mm/s). This assumes no interruption in observation and very stable thermal conditions. The preferred orbit therefore is the L1 orbit, which fits these requirements very well and is also an attractive environment for the spacecraft due to its low radiation and low perturbation (solar pressure) environment. This mission is secured by instrumental R and D activities during the present and coming years. Some prototypes of different instruments are already built (GOLFNG, SDM) and the performances will be checked before launch on the ground or in space through planned missions of CNES and PROBA ESA missions (PICARD, LYRA, maybe ASPIICS).
Molecular and cellular regulation of wound healing; what goes wrong when wounds fail to heal or heal too much? (2014)

Click to launch & play an online audio visual presentation by Prof. Gregory Schultz on Molecular and cellular regulation of wound healing; what goes wrong when wounds fail to heal or heal too much?, part of a collection of multimedia lectures.
Pervasive RNA folding is crucial for narnavirus genome maintenance (2023)

A synthetic biology approach toward constructing an RNA-based genome expands our understanding of living things and opens avenues for technological advancement. For the precise design of an artificial RNA replicon either from scratch or based on a natural RNA replicon, understanding structure-function relationships of RNA sequences is critical. However, our knowledge remains limited to a few particular structural elements intensively studied so far. Here, we conducted a series of site-directed mutagenesis studies of yeast narnaviruses ScNV20S and ScNV23S, perhaps the simplest natural autonomous RNA replicons, to identify RNA elements required for maintenance and replication. RNA structure disruption corresponding to various portions of the entire narnavirus genome suggests that pervasive RNA folding, in addition to the precise secondary structure of genome termini, is essential for maintenance of the RNA replicon in vivo. Computational RNA structure analyses suggest that this scenario likely applies to other "narna-like" viruses. This finding implies selective pressure on these simplest autonomous natural RNA replicons to fold into a unique structure that acquires both thermodynamic and biological stability. We propose the importance of pervasive RNA folding for the design of RNA replicons that could serve as a platform for in vivo continuous evolution as well as an interesting model to study the origin of life.
New Skeletal Sesquiterpenoids, Caprariolides A−D, from Capraria biflora and Their Insecticidal Activity (2000)

Four structurally novel isomeric sesquiterpenes have been isolated from the aerial parts of Capraria biflora. Caprariolides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4) have been determined by NMR spectroscopy experiments to be the (3S,5S,9R), (3R,5S,9R), (3R,5R,9R), and (3S,5R, 9R) isomers of 7-(furan-3'-yl)-3,9-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4. 5]dec-6-en-2-one, respectively. Both 1 and 2 were found to exhibit insecticidal activity against adult Cylas formicarius elegantulus, one of the most destructive insect pests of the sweet potato, Ipomoea sp.
Tuning plasmonic interaction between gold nanorings and a gold film for surface enhanced Raman scattering (2010)

We investigate the plasmonic properties of gold nanorings in close proximity to a gold film. The rings have been fabricated using nanosphere lithography and are optimized to boost their near-infrared surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effects. A SERS enhancement factor as large as 1.4×107 has been achieved by tuning the separation between the gold nanorings and the gold film. In addition, we have numerically and experimentally demonstrated an enhanced tunability of the plasmon resonance wavelength and a narrowing of the plasmon linewidth for increasing ring-film interaction.
The Effects of Morphology Re-Arrangements on the Pseudocapacitive Properties of Mesoporous Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Nanoflakes (2016)

Mesoporous molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with different morphologies have been prepared via hydrothermal method using different solvents, water or water/acetone mixture. The MoS2 obtained with water alone gave a graphene-like nanoflakes (g-MoS2) while the other with water/acetone (1:1 ratio) gave a hollow-like morphology (h-MoS2). Both materials are modified with carbon nanospheres as conductive material and investigated as symmetric pseudocapacitors in aqueous electrolyte (1 M Na2SO4 solution). The physico-chemical properties of the MoS2 layered materials have been interrogated using the surface area analysis (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and advanced electrochemistry including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation (GCPL), repetitive electrochemical cycling tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Interestingly, a simple change of synthesis solvents confers on the MoS2 materials different morphologies, surface areas, and structural parameters, correlated by electrochemical capacitive properties. The g-MoS2 exhibits higher surface area, higher capacitance parameters (specific capacitance of 183 F g−1, maximum energy density of 9.2 Wh kg−1 and power density of 2.9 kW kg−1) but less stable electrochemical cycling compared to the h-MoS2. The findings show promises for the ability to tune the morphology of MoS2 materials for enhanced energy storage.