gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA-targeted therapeutics: prospects and promise (2002)

Structured regions of viral, bacterial and human RNA are attractive targets for drug discovery. Interest is fuelled by the revelation, from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography, that RNA has a structural complexity similar to proteins, and also by recent development of novel RNA-focused screening methods. However, few examples of RNA-targeted ligands have been reported to date. Analysis of these compounds, and their target specificity, suggests that considerable promise exists for the future development of new classes of therapeutic agents.
Effective Delivery of a Microtubule Polymerization Inhibitor Synergizes with Standard Regimens in Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2019)

These data demonstrate clear rationale for the development of PTC596 in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy for PDA.
Micromachined silicon-based analytical microinstruments for space science and planetary exploration (1994)

For future planetary science missions, the authors are developing a series of microinstruments using the techniques of silicon-based micromachining. Conventional instruments such as chemical sensors, charged particle analyzers and mass spectrometers are reduced in size and effective volume to the dimension of cubic centimeters, while maintaining or enhancing performance. Using wafer/wafer bonding techniques, selective chemical etching, thin Film growth, and high resolution lithography, complex three dimensional structures can be assembled. This paper discusses the design, implementation and performance of two new instruments: The Micromachined Bessel Box Auger Electron Spectrometer, and the Mars Soil Chemistry Experiment (MOx).
Prenatal Ultrasound Suspicion of Cystic Fibrosis in a Multiethnic Population: Is Extensive CFTR Genotyping Needed? (2021)

In families without a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) history, fetal ultrasound bowel abnormalities can unexpectedly reveal the disease. Isolated or in association, the signs can be fetal bowel hyperechogenicity, intestinal loop dilatation and non-visualization of fetal gallbladder. In these cases, search for CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations is part of the recommended diagnostic practices, with a search for frequent mutations according to ethnicity, and, in case of the triad of signs, with an exhaustive study of the gene. However, the molecular diagnosis remains a challenge in populations without well-known frequent pathogenic variants. We present a multiethnic cohort of 108 pregnancies with fetal bowel abnormalities in which the parents benefited from an exhaustive study of the CFTR gene. We describe the new homozygous p.Cys1410* mutation in a fetus of African origin. We did not observe the most frequent p.Phe508del mutation in our cohort but evidenced variants undetected by our frequent mutations kit. Thanks to the progress of sequencing techniques and despite the difficulties of interpretation occasionally encountered, we discuss the need to carry out a comprehensive CFTR study in all patients in case of fetal bowel abnormalities.
Evaluation of the VIDAS Staph Enterotoxin II (SET 2) Immunoassay Method for the Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Selected Foods: Collaborative Study (2008)

A multilaboratory study was conducted to determine the limit of detection (LOD) of Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SET) in 5 foods. Cooked chicken, ham, potato salad, pasteurized liquid whole milk, and canned mushrooms were each spiked with a different enterotoxin (A, B, C1, D, or E), and tested at 0.25 and 0.5 ng/g SET levels to determine the LOD of the assay for those foods in a collaborative study. Unspiked controls were also included. A total of 19 laboratories representing government and industry participated. In this study, 1674 test portions were analyzed, of which 1638 were used in the statistical analysis. Of the 1638 test portions used in the statistical analysis, 1104 were spiked test portions, of which 1073 were positive by the VIDAS Staph enterotoxin II (SET 2) method. The detection rates at the 0.25 ng/mL level were cooked chicken, 98.2%; ham, 99.0%; potato salad, 99.1%; liquid whole milk, 85.2%; and canned mushrooms, 100%. The detection rates at the 0.5 ng/mL level were cooked chicken, 97.4%; ham, 98.1%; potato salad, 100%; liquid whole milk, 99.0%; and canned mushrooms, 100%. The data indicate that the SET 2 method is capable of detecting SET at 0.25 ng/g in cooked chicken, ham, potato salad, and canned mushrooms and at 0.5 ng/g in pasteurized liquid whole milk.
Comparison of a Shortened Isosorbide Dinitrate‐Potentiated Head‐Up Tilt Testing with the Conventional Protocol: Tolerance and Diagnostic Accuracy (2012)

In this study, the HUT without passive phase was not inferior to the conventional HUT regarding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Furthermore, the shortened ISDN-potentiated protocol allowed faster diagnosis and was better tolerated.
Pan‐Src Family Kinase Inhibitors Replace Sox2 during the Direct Reprogramming of Somatic Cells (2011)

Small molecules do the job: Somatic cells are reprogrammed into iPS cells upon ectopic expression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. Application of a cell-based, high-throughput chemical screen led to the identification of Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitors as chemical replacements for retroviral Sox2 delivery. These compounds are used to study the mechanisms underlying direct reprogramming and may ultimately help to bring iPS cell technology one step closer to clinical application.
LogP measurement of a highly hydrophobic properfume: evaluation of extrapolation of RP‐HPLC results and impact of chemical moieties on accuracy (2016)

Abstract The n‐octanol/water partition coefficient (LogP) of a chemical substance is a key parameter for assessing its potential (eco)‐toxicological effects and environmental fate. To measure the LogP of properfume Haloscent®D (expected LogP &gt; 9), no direct measurement technique can be applied and the reliability of in silico models is impaired by the absence of robust datasets in the high LogP range. Indirect method using reversed‐phase‐HPLC (RP‐HPLC) is promising but we demonstrate that the lack of suitable standards lead to significant discrepancy and poor accuracy. Extrapolation of the correlation between the RP‐HPLC retention factor (logk) of low‐carbon chain homologues and their LogP measured by slow‐stir method has been studied. To select the most suitable standards, the impact of specific moiety representative of Haloscent®D (linear alkyl chain, delta‐damascone moiety, thioether function) on the logk vs. estimated LogP has been checked on different molecules and it was demonstrated that the alkyl chain had the most impact on this correlation. The stability in the molecular conformation of Haloscent®D homologue series was also verified to ensure that no folding occurred as from a certain alkyl chain length, and that consequently extrapolation is feasible up to Haloscent®D. Accuracy of the extrapolated LogP value was calculated from the prediction interval of the logk vs. LogP regression. The LogP of the Haloscent®D was concluded to be 9.7 ± 0.5. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Observation of near field modal emission in InGaN multi-quantum well laser diodes by near field scanning optical microscopy (2002)

Near field scanning optical microscopy was used to measure the near field modal profile of InGaN MQW laser diodes. Below threshold the field profile is double lobed with the larger portion of the optical energy residing in the unintentional waveguide formed by the sapphire-GaN-InGaN-AlGaN.
Automatic Generation of Imaging Sequence for CD-SEM Using Design Data (2015)

Critical Dimension Scanning Electron Microscope (CD-SEM) is widely used as a measurement tool of semiconductor patterns. It is necessary to set imaging sequence including corrections of imaging position and focusing of electron beam for the reliable measurement. Conventionally, addressing point (AP) and auto-focus point (AF) suitable for these processing are selected by the hand and this is a drop factor of SEM operation rates. We propose a technique to generate imaging sequence from design data of the pattern layout. Proposed method calculates selection indices for pattern complexity, uniqueness, and so on from design data and selects AP and AF templates automatically based on these indices. For 901 evaluation points, success rate of SEM imaging by proposed method was 100% and generation time of imaging sequence was 18 minutes. Compared with manual selection (conventionally it takes ten several hours by using SEM), large reduction of operation cost can be realized.
Acoustic Nondestructive Testing and Measurement of Tension for Steel Reinforcing Members: Part 1-Theory (2014)

Technical Note
Évaluation automatique de la qualité esthétique des photographies à l'aide de descripteurs d'images génériques (2012)

Session "Posters"
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Electron‐Deficient Halothiophenes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Functional Reconstitution of Thrombomodulin within a Substrate-Supported Membrane-Mimetic Polymer Film (2002)

A stable, protein C activating membrane-mimetic film was produced on a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) by in-situ photopolymerization of a phospholipid assembly containing thrombomodulin (TM). The monoacrylated phospholipid monomer was initially synthesized and prepared as unilamellar vesicles with varying molar concentrations of TM. Notably, in mixed-lipid systems, Km values for protein C activation increased in direct proportion to the mole fraction of polymerizable lipid, which was likely due to reduced membrane mobility after photopolymerization. Membrane-mimetic films were also constructed on planar substrates with predictable surface concentrations of catalytically active TM. Significantly, at a TM surface concentration of 170 fmol/cm2, the rate of protein C activation was comparable to that measured for a variety of confluent endothelial cell monolayers. Serial measurements of contact angles and protein C activation confirmed short-term film stability under a variety of in vitro conditions. Moreover, 125I labeling of TM demonstrated little change in TM surface concentration over periods of up to 28 days. Significantly, polymeric lipid membranes functionalized with thrombomodulin efficiently inhibited thrombin generation. We believe that the design of membrane-mimetic films that have the capacity to activate the protein C pathway will provide a useful strategy for generating “actively” antithrombogenic surfaces.
Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Hybrid Constructed Wetlands Using Three-Dimensional Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2019)

This study focused on characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a vertical flow constructed wetland (VF CW) with a free water surface constructed wetland (FWS CW) in front using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to characterize the DOM samples along with the CW systems. Five main peaks could be identified from the 3D-EEM fluorescence spectra of the DOM samples in both CW systems. The fluorescence regional was divided into five parts and including five peaks using fluorescence regional integration method. The results indicated soluble microbial by-products (SMB) predominated in all the process and the DOM was mainly composed of SMB because of higher microbial activity and more microbial diversity in VF CW compared with FWS CW. We could conclude that VF CW had hardly removal ability of the humic acid-like. The hybrid CW systems had ability to remove the nonbiodegradable compounds and mostly owed to FWS CW.
Inclusive π0, η, and direct photon production at high transverse momentum in p+p and d+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV (2010)

We report a measurement of high-pT inclusive π0, η, and direct photon production in p+p and d+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV at midrapidity (0<η<1). Photons from the decay π0→γγ were detected in the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The η→γγ decay was also observed and constituted the first η measurement by STAR. The first direct photon cross-section measurement by STAR is also presented; the signal was extracted statistically by subtracting the π0, η, and ω(782) decay background from the inclusive photon distribution observed in the calorimeter. The analysis is described in detail, and the results are found to be in good agreement with earlier measurements and with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations.
Deformation and Breakup of Micro- and Nanoparticle Stabilized Droplets in Microfluidic Extensional Flows (2011)

Using a microfluidic flow-focusing device, monodisperse water droplets in oil were generated and their interface populated by either 1 μm or 500 nm amine modified silica particles suspended in the water phase. The deformation and breakup of these Pickering droplets were studied in both pure extensional flow and combined extensional and shear flow at various capillary numbers using a microfluidic hyperbolic contraction. The shear resulted from droplet confinement and increased with droplet size and position along the hyperbolic contraction. Droplet deformation was found to increase with increasing confinement and capillary number. At low confinements and low capillary numbers, the droplet deformation followed the predictions of theory. For fully confined droplets, where the interface was populated by 1 μm silica particles, the droplet deformation increased precipitously and two tails were observed to form at the rear of the droplet. These tails were similar to those seen for surfactant covered droplets. At a critical capillary number, daughter droplets were observed to stream from these tails. Due to the elasticity of the particle-laden interface, these drops did not return to a spherical shape, but were observed to buckle. Although increases in droplet deformation were observed, no tail streaming occurred for the 500 nm silica particle covered droplets over the range of capillary numbers studied.
Towards an elastic distributed SDN controller (2013)

Distributed controllers have been proposed for Software Defined Networking to address the issues of scalability and reliability that a centralized controller suffers from. One key limitation of the distributed controllers is that the mapping between a switch and a controller is statically configured , which may result in uneven load distribution among the controllers. To address this problem, we propose ElastiCon, an elastic distributed controller architecture in which the controller pool is dynamically grown or shrunk according to traffic conditions and the load is dynamically shifted across controllers. We propose a novel switch migration protocol for enabling such load shifting, which conforms with the Openflow standard. We also build a prototype to demonstrate the efficacy of our design.
Multimicron dimension optical p-i-n modulators in silicon-on-insulator (1999)

Silicon has been proven to be a viable material for passive and active optoelectronic applications in the infrared region ((lambda) greater than 1.2 micrometer) of the electromagnetic spectrum. To date, light has been guided, modulated and switched in silicon. In this paper, novel silicon modulators incorporated into a rib waveguide will be discussed. The modulators are based upon transverse p-i-n structures, utilizing the plasma dispersion effect to produce the desired refractive index change in an optical rib waveguide. Although the devices measure several microns in cross sectional dimensions, they support a single optical mode, thereby simplifying fabrication and allowing efficient coupling to other single mode devices such as optical fibers. The modulators have been modeled extensively using the SILVACO semiconductor device simulator. SILVACO has been employed to optimize the overlap between the injected free carriers and the propagating optical mode. Both the dc and switching characteristics of the modulators have been evaluated. The device performance is encouraging. One of the devices studied requires a driving current of 2.8 mA to achieve a (pi) radian phase shift, corresponding to a current density of 112 A/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Additionally the 10 - 90% rise and fall times are 29 ns and 4 ns respectively. We believe this to be the lowest predicted driving current or current density for modulators in silicon-on-insulator (SOI), although clearly experimental confirmation is required. Potential applications for silicon based optoelectronic devices include optical transmitters, optical receivers and optical sensor devices.
Identification of pulmonary Oct-4 + stem/progenitor cells and demonstration of their susceptibility to SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in vitro (2006)

In this study, we report a serum-free culture system for primary neonatal pulmonary cells that can support the growth of octamer-binding transcription factor 4+ (Oct-4+) epithelial colonies with a surrounding mesenchymal stroma. In addition to Oct-4, these cells also express other stem cell markers such as stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1), and Clara cell secretion protein (CCSP) but not c-Kit, CD34, and p63, indicating that they represent a subpopulation of Clara cells that have been implicated as lung stem/progenitor cells in lung injury models. These colony cells can be kept for weeks in primary cultures and undergo terminal differentiation to alveolar type-2- and type-1-like pneumocytes sequentially when removed from the stroma. In addition, we have demonstrated the presence of Oct-4+ long-term BrdU label-retaining cells at the bronchoalveolar junction of neonatal lung, providing a link between the Oct-4+ cells in vivo and in vitro and strengthening their identity as putative neonatal lung stem/progenitor cells. Lastly, these Oct-4+ epithelial colony cells, which also express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, are the target cells for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in primary cultures and support active virus replication leading to their own destruction. These observations imply the possible involvement of lung stem/progenitor cells, in addition to pneumocytes, in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, accounting for the continued deterioration of lung tissues and apparent loss of capacity for lung repair.
FAS A flexible antagonistic spring element for a high performance over (2011)

In robotic hands design tendon driven systems have been considered for years. The main advantage is a small end effector inertia e.g. a light, small hand with high dynamics due to remote actuators. To protect the actuators from impact in unknown environments a compliant mechanism can be used. It absorbs energy during an impact or saves energy to enhance the joint dynamics. In this paper an antagonistic tendon mechanism is presented. It fits 38 times in the DLR Hand Arm System forearm and enables is adapted to the different finger joints and different tendon lengths. A magnetic sensor was developed for the force measurement of the tendons. Finally, the calibration and the robustness are demonstrated through a set of experiments.
Optophysiology using functional ultrahigh resolution OCT: from in vitro animal to in vivo human measurements (2006)

A functional extension of ultrahigh resolution OCT (UHR OCT) has been developed, that has the potential to establish this technique as an optical analogue to electrophysiology, by detecting depth resolved variations in optical backscattering caused by physiological tissue changes. This technique has been used to perform in vitro studies on excised, but physiologically intact, rabbit retinas and in vivo experiments on human retinas. UHR OCT has been synchronized with the white light stimulus to properly detected spatially resolved alterations in optical backscattering over time caused by lightinduced intraretinal, physiological changes and has been correlated with simultaneous ERG recordings. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of this novel extension of UHR OCT to detect time-dependent optical backscattering changes after application of a white light stimulus in specific retinal layers, especially in the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptor layer. Control experiments, including no light stimulus or application of drugs (in in vitro studies only) that inhibit the physiological responses of certain type of retinal cells confirm the physiological origin of the detected backscattering changes. Detection of cell activity and cell physiology by UHR OCT would enable a better understanding of basic physiological phenomena and may also contribute to better understanding of retinal pathogenesis.
A stereochemical investigation of phosphoryl transfer catalysed by phosphoglucomutase by the use of α-d-glucose 1-[(S)-16O,17O,18O]phosphate (1981)

Rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase converts alpha-D-glucose 1-[(S)-16O,17O,18O]phosphate into D-glucose 6-[16O,17O,18O]phosphate, which is shown by 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy, after cyclization and methylation, to have the (S)-configuration at the phosphorus atom. Since phosphoglucomutase is known to catalyse phosphoryl transfer by way of a phospho-enzyme intermediate, and since individual phosphoryl-transfer steps appear in general to occur with inversion of configuration, this observation is most simply interpreted in terms of a double-displacement mechanism with two phosphoryl-transfer steps.
A Vindication of Program Verification (2015)

Fetzer famously claims that program verification is not even a theoretical possibility, and offers a certain argument for this far-reaching claim. Unfortunately for Fetzer, and like-minded thinkers, this position-argument pair, while based on a seminal insight that program verification, despite its Platonic proof-theoretic airs, is plagued by the inevitable unreliability of messy, real-world causation, is demonstrably self-refuting. As I soon show, Fetzer (and indeed anyone else who provides an argument- or proof-based attack on program verification) is like the person who claims: ‘My sole claim is that every claim expressed by an English sentence and starting with the phrase “My sole claim” is false’. Or, more accurately, such thinkers are like the person who claims that modus tollens is invalid, and supports this claim by giving an argument that itself employs this rule of inference.
Development of highly integrated magetically and electrostatically actuated micropumps : LDRD 64709 final report. (2003)

The pump and actuator systems designed and built in the SUMMiT{trademark} process, Sandia's surface micromachining polysilicon MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) fabrication technology, on the previous campus executive program LDRD (SAND2002-0704P) with FSU/FAMU (Florida State University/Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University) were characterized in this LDRD. These results demonstrated that the device would pump liquid against the flow resistance of a microfabricated channel, but the devices were determined to be underpowered for reliable pumping. As a result a new set of SUMMiT{trademark} pumps with actuators that generate greater torque will be designed and submitted for fabrication. In this document we will report details of dry actuator/pump assembly testing, wet actuator/pump testing, channel resistance characterization, and new pump/actuator design recommendations.