gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract P437: The Extracellular Domain of Na + /K + ATPase Serves as a Receptor for Cyclic GMP in Mediating Natriuresis (2017)

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that extracellular renal interstitial (RI) cyclic guanosine 3’5’-monophosphate (cGMP) inhibits renal proximal tubule (RPT) sodium reabsorption and induces natriuesis via activation of Src family kinase in vivo . The cellular mechanisms by which extracellular cGMP regulates this process are unknown. Previous immunofluorescence competitive binding studies in isolated RPTs from normal rat kidneys demonstrated that cGMP and ouabain (OUA) compete for binding to Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA). We hypothesized that cGMP binds to the extracellular domain of the α1-subunit of NKA on basolateral membranes of RPT cells thereby inhibiting Na + transport. In the present study, we cross-linked cGMP to isolated RPTs from normal rat kidneys (N=6). We incubated RPT cells with 4-N 3 ;-PET-8-Biotin-11-cGMP (azido cGMP) or 8-N 3 -6-Biotin-10-cAMP (azido cAMP; both at 2 μM) in the presence or absence of UV light to induce cross linking; azido cAMP served as a negative control. Immunoprecipitation was then performed using strepavidin beads followed by Western blot analysis probing for NKA. RPTs with cross linked azido cGMP exhibited a strong signal for NKA that was significantly weaker for non-cross linked azido cGMP (33.4 ± 6%; P&lt;0.0001) and cross linked (45.8 ± 8%; P&lt;0.001) or non-cross linked (35.2 ± 6%; P&lt;0.001) azido cAMP samples. We further demonstrated that in the presence of OUA (10 μM) NKA was reduced in cross linked azido cGMP RPTs, providing confirmation for previous immunofluorescence competition studies. Azido cGMP cross linked samples (N=3) were subsequently separated in a Tris-HCl gel and stained with Coomassie Blue. The protein band corresponding to NKA was excised and processed for mass spectrometry. NKA was identified as the second most ubiquitous protein in that band with 50 unique peptides for NKA represented covering 47% of all the amino acids in NKA. Together, these data demonstrate that cGMP competes with OUA for binding on NKA and that NKA serves as a receptor for cGMP thereby mediating natriuresis.
Résistance des êtres vivants et évolution biologique (2012)

La résistance des êtres vivants à un agent infectieux et à un agent toxique est le résultat de la sélection d'organismes résistants à ces agents, à partir d'une population naturellement sensible. L'analyse de quelques exemples montre que le patrimoine héréditaire des organismes, y compris celui de l'espèce humaine, a été largement façonné au cours de l'évolution par la sélection de résistants à des agents infectieux ou toxiques.
Towards AST-based Collaborative Editing (2015)

Handheld devices and cloud-connected applications are now commonplace. Even complex software development tasks are moving into the mobile arena, as exemplified by “on-thego” code-editing with applications like Visual Studio Online. Further still, there is a trend towards real-time components in collaborative software development, with platforms like Google Docs and MS Office Online enabling limited forms of real-time collaborative document development. However, these platforms are unattractive for collaborative software development since they don’t recognize and maintain code structure. Additionally, these systems are built atop ad-hoc algorithms or incredibly complex/fragile techniques for ensuring eventual consistency of documents. We address these problems by providing a clean framework for realtime collaborative editing of source code within an online structured editor. We first develop a conflict-free three-way merge algorithm for program ASTs, which behaves intuitively to developers, and preserves syntactic correctness. We then show how this merge functionality can be used in conjunction with the Cloud Types eventual consistency model to enable seamless realtime collaboration. We have implemented our system in the TouchDevelop online programming environment. The UI now allows a user to select another user’s code, and merge it into their current application (patch merge). We have also implemented basic realtime collaborative editing, allowing users to edit the same piece of code on multiple devices simultaneously. ∗ Work performed during an internship at Microsoft Research [Copyright notice will appear here once ’preprint’ option is removed.]
Meshed rectangular waveguide for high power, low loss and reduced weight applications (2016)

Additive manufacturing technologies are increasingly being demonstrated to be useful for microwave circuits, showing improved performance in multiple cases. In this work, a meshed rectangular waveguide structure is presented as an option for high power, low loss, but also reduced weight applications. A set of meshed Ku band waveguides was fabricated using binder jetting 3D printing technology showing that the weight can be reduced by 22% with an increase in loss of only 5%, from 0.019 dB/cm for the solid part to 0.020 dB/cm average across the band with the meshed design. Further weight reduction is possible if higher loss is allowed. To demonstrate the concept, a comparison is made between non-meshed and meshed waveguide 4 pole Chebyshev filters.
Flüssigkristalle (1997)

Abstract Fast 100 Jahre nach ihrer Entdeckung haben Flüssigkristalle in modernen Flachbildschirmen eine rasante Entwicklung von den Kleindisplays in Uhren und Taschenrechnern über Wordprocessoren und Mobiltelefone hin zu mittelgroßen Displays in Notebook‐PCs möglich gemacht. Für 1997 wird der Durchbruch von großen Flüssigkristalldisplays im Desktop PC‐Markt erwartet.
Occlusion-Net: 2D/3D Occluded Keypoint Localization Using Graph Networks (2019)

We present Occlusion-Net, a framework to predict 2D and 3D locations of occluded keypoints for objects, in a largely self-supervised manner. We use an off-the-shelf detector as input (like MaskRCNN) that is trained only on visible key point annotations. This is the only supervision used in this work. A graph encoder network then explicitly classifies invisible edges and a graph decoder network corrects the occluded keypoint locations from the initial detector. Central to this work is a trifocal tensor loss that provides indirect self-supervision for occluded keypoint locations that are visible in other views of the object. The 2D keypoints are then passed into a 3D graph network that estimates the 3D shape and camera pose using the self-supervised re-projection loss. At test time, our approach successfully localizes keypoints in a single view under a diverse set of severe occlusion settings. We demonstrate and evaluate our approach on synthetic CAD data as well as a large image set capturing vehicles at many busy city intersections. As an interesting aside, we compare the accuracy of human labels of invisible keypoints against those obtained from geometric trifocal-tensor loss.
High absorbing resists based on trifluoromethacrylate-vinyl ether copolymers for EUV lithography (2013)

Highly sensitive EUV photoresists remain a critical challenge to enable high volume manufacturing with EUV lithography. Chemically amplified resists continue to provide the best sensitivity for EUV photoresists, but the high EUV transparency of most resists continues to waste a large percentage of EUV photons that pass through the resist film without photochemically generating acid. Highly fluorinated polymers have been proposed as more sensitive resist materials because fluorine increases EUV absorption of a material. Thus, methacrylate-like polymers with fluorinated backbones are an attractive possibility for new EUV resist materials. Trifluoromethacrylates are known to undergo free radical polymerization with electron rich comonomers such as vinyl ethers. The resulting polymers have backbone trifluoromethyl groups that enhance the absorption of EUV photons while retaining the potential for solubility change by acid-catalyzed tertiary ester deprotection similar to methacrylate-based chemically amplified resists. Interestingly, copolymerizations of trifluoromethacrylates and vinyl ethers are not particularly sensitive to traditional experimental parameters that influence polymer molecular weight. Instead, we have found that the structure of the vinyl ether comonomer has a profound impact on polymer molecular weight with acyclic vinyl ethers generating very high molecular weight polymers (Mw exceeding 100,000 g/mol) and cyclic vinyl ethers generating very low molecular weight polymers (Mw less than 10,000 g/mol) under similar conditions. Combination of cyclic and non-cyclic vinyl ethers in the monomer feed enables the synthesis of polymers at a desired molecular weight with a narrow polydispersity (PDI less than 2). Initial EUV contrast curves demonstrate potential for highly sensitive photoresists using these backbone-fluorinated polymers. A variety of polymers have been prepared to determine optimum compositions of leaving group, sensitizing, and etch resistant monomers. Additionally, compositions with a variety of functional groups were prepared to optimize the polymer properties to enable resists that form uniform films with low unexposed film thickness loss while maintaining high EUV sensitivity. EUV lithography of one of the resist materials demonstrates its utility as a photoresist capable of printing features to about 30 nm. Continued optimization of materials is focused on resolving features below 20 nm.
Novel Pre-Compensation Schemes for Low-Cost Nonlinear Tera-Hertz Transmitters (2018)

Tera-Hertz (THz) transmission can offer several attractive applications, yet developing low-cost energy-efficient THz devices is at an early stage. The most promising low-cost THz transmitter architecture in the literature is the so-called frequency-multiplier-last architecture but it is incapable of transmitting quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) due to the architecture's inherent nonlinear distortions. We study such nonlinear THz communication systems by incorporating the non-linearity aspects of the low- cost THz devices into the signal model. Then we propose novel pre-compensation schemes to compensate the nonlinearity effect, thus enabling QAM-capable frequency-multiplier-last architecture for THz systems. Numerical results show that the proposed pre-compensation schemes overcome the prominent problems experienced in the existing scheme, namely severe nonlinear distortions of the modulation symbols as well as spectral spreading and/or large spectrum sidelobes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition of Non‐Activated Alkynes: A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Neuroactive Isoxazoles. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Heart Rate Turbulence and T‐Wave Alternans in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: The Influence of Diabetes (2015)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01426685; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00673842.
Rice bran derived pentapeptide-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cell models (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) (2014)

Studies have focused on the characterization of a single peptide from natural sources that contribute specific health benefits. A pentapeptide derived from rice bran has shown anti-proliferative property on human breast cancer cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the apoptotic features of pentapeptide-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell models (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The MTS (phenazine methosulfate 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to evaluate the growth inhibition activities of pentapeptide in a time-dependent manner. The apoptotic features of pentapeptide-induced apoptosis in cancerous breast cells were evaluated by morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, and caspases-3/7 activities. The levels of molecular targets (COX-2, and p53) were evaluated by ELISA kits. Pentapeptide has shown growth inhibition activity on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The morphological changes and DNA fragmentation were observed in pentapeptide treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Significant decreases in levels ( p 0.05) of COX-2 and increases in levels ( p 0.05) of p53 were detected after treatment with pentapeptide from 72 to 96 h. The results suggest that pentapeptide inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells by introducing apoptosis and can regulate the death signal by up-regulating the level of p53 in both cells lines and down-regulating COX-2 in ER-positive MCF-7 cells.
Effect of Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy (Combined Androgen Blockade) on Normal Prostate and Prostatic Carcinoma (1996)

The morphologic changes induced by neoadjuvant combination endocrine therapy were evaluated in prostatectomy specimens from patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. These patients participated in a prospective, randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of 3 months of combination therapy with flutamide and an LHRH agonist prior to radical prostatectomy versus radical prostatectomy alone. Ninety-six radical prostatectomy specimens processed according to the same protocol were evaluated without knowledge of prior treatment. Forty-seven patients were randomly assigned to the neoadjuvant combination therapy group and 49 to the control arm. Compared with the control group, several changes were strongly and significantly associated with exposure to neoadjuvant combination therapy. The nonmalignant prostatic tissue showed strong prominence and hyperplasia of the basal cell layer, accompanied by epithelial cell vacuolization and markedly reduced occurrence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (p < 0.001) after combination therapy. Prostate cancer tissue, on the other hand, showed smaller nucleoli (p < 0.001), cell vacuolization (p < 0.001), rare intraluminal crystalloids (p < 0.001), higher Gleason grade (p < 0.001), lower prevalence of capsular penetration (p < 0.001), and less frequent invasion of the perineural spaces (p < 0.001) and surgical margins (p = 0.002). Tumor volume, was also reduced by more than 40% in the treated group (p = 0.007). The present findings show that preoperative endocrine combination therapy induces highly characteristic changes in both nonmalignant and cancerous prostatic tissue. Furthermore, following endocrine treatment, the surgical margins are less likely to be involved by cancer and capsular penetration is reduced.
Sparse Non-Contact Multiple People Localization and Vital Signs Monitoring Via FMCW Radar (2023)

Non-contact vital signs monitoring (NCVSM) of multiple people is becoming a necessity in healthcare due to increasing morbidity and manpower shortage. In meeting these requirements, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars have shown great potential. However, current techniques present difficulties in locating and monitoring humans in noisy environments containing multiple objects. In this work, we first develop a model for NCVSM of multiple people via FMCW radar, based on a single-input-multiple-output setup. By considering the sparse nature of the modeled signals along with human-typical cardiopulmonary characteristics, we provide a joint-sparse recovery mechanism to accurately localize targets in a clutter-rich scenario where existing techniques struggle. Then, we present a robust method for NCVSM of the found individuals, with improved performance results when compared to current NCVSM techniques using several statistical metrics. Our approach offers excellent performance in a medical application where high accuracy is required.
ROP payload detection using speculative code execution (2011)

The prevalence of code injection attacks has led to the wide adoption of exploit mitigations based on nonexecutable memory pages. In turn, attackers are increasingly relying on return-oriented programming (ROP) to bypass these protections. At the same time, existing detection techniques based on shellcode identification are oblivious to this new breed of exploits, since attack vectors may not contain binary code anymore. In this paper, we present a detection method for the identification of ROP payloads in arbitrary data such as network traffic or process memory buffers. Our technique speculatively drives the execution of code that already exists in the address space of a targeted process according to the scanned input data, and identifies the execution of valid ROP code at runtime. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that our prototype implementation can detect a broad range of ROP exploits against Windows applications without false positives, while it can be easily integrated into existing defenses based on shell-code detection.
Supporting data for "Physical Aging of Polylactide Based Graft Block Polymers" (2017)

These files contain primary data along with associated output from instrumentation supporting all results reported in Haugan et al. Physical Aging of Polylactide Based Graft Block Polymers. In Haugan et al. we found: Graft block polymers (BCPs) with poly(4-methylcaprolactone)-block-poly(lactide) (P4MCL-PLA) side chains containing 80 to 100% PLA content were synthesized with the aim of producing tough and sustainable plastics. These graft BCPs experience physical aging and become brittle over time. For short aging times, ta, the samples are ductile and shear yielding is the primary deformation mechanism. A double yield phenomenon emerges at intermediate ta where the materials deform by crazing followed by shear yielding. At long ta the samples become brittle and fail after crazing. PLA content strongly governs the time to brittle failure, where a 100% PLA graft polymer embrittles in 1 day, an 86% PLA graft BCP embrittles in 35 days, and at 80% PLA the material remains ductile after 210 days. Molecular architecture is also a factor in increasing the persistence of ductility with time; a linear triblock ages three times faster than a graft BCP with the same PLA content. SAXS and TEM analysis reveal the role of the rubbery P4MCL domains in initiating crazing by cavitation. Pre-straining the graft BCPs also significantly toughens these glassy materials. Physical aging induced embrittlement is eliminated in all the pre-strained polymers, which remain ductile after aging for 60 days. The pre-strained graft BCPs also demonstrate shape memory properties. When heated above Tg the stretched polymer within seconds returns to its original shape and recovers the original mechanical properties of the unstrained material. These results demonstrate that graft BCPs can be used to make tough, durable, and sustainable plastics and highlight the importance of understanding the mechanical performance of sustainable plastics over extended periods of time following processing.
ISOLATED ACUTE SPHENOID SINUSITIS AS AN UNEXPECTED CAUSE OF ACUTE HEADACHE IN A 9-YEAR-OLD MALE (2017)

Isolated sphenoid sinusitis represents a rare pathology encountered in the pediatric population. The clinical presentation is often nonspecific and misleading, thus causing a delay in diagnosis. Progressive acute headache is the chief complaint, followed by cranial nerve involvement, most frequently the optic nerve. The underlying pathology and evolution towards ocular or intracranial complications reside in the particularities of the sphenoid sinus and in its close relations with the surrounding anatomical structures. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of wide-spectrum antibiotherapy are vital for an optimal therapeutic outcome with preservation of normal vision. We report a case of a previously healthy 9-year-old male who presented for an intense progressive headache without any neurological signs. Under intravenous antibiotherapy he had a rapid favourable evolution and did not develop any complications. An emphasis is put on the importance of a rapid diagnosis followed by prompt treatment with close monitoring.
Iron: Functional Encryption using Intel SGX (2016)

Functional encryption (FE) is an extremely powerful cryptographic mechanism that lets an authorized entity compute on encrypted data, and learn the results in the clear. However, all current cryptographic instantiations for general FE are too impractical to be implemented. We construct IRON, a provably secure, and practical FE system using Intel's recent Software Guard Extensions (SGX). We show that IRON can be applied to complex functionalities, and even for simple functions, outperforms the best known cryptographic schemes. We argue security by modeling FE in the context of hardware elements, and prove that IRON satisfies the security model.
BER Sensitivity to Mis-Timing in Correlation-based UWB Receivers (2004)

The unique advantages of ultrawideband (UWB) technology are somewhat encumbered by its stringent timing tolerances. To help to appreciate how critical timing offset estimation is for UWB, the bit-error-rate (BER) sensitivity to timing offsets is investigated in this paper for correlation-based UWB receivers. Focusing on UWB transmissions with time hopping, the BER expressions are derived for various operating conditions and system setups, including AWGN and frequency flat channels, dense multipath fading channels, and various receiver types including sliding correlators and RAKE combiners. It is demonstrated through analyses that time-hopping based multiple access systems exhibit little tolerance to acquisition errors, while the energy capture capability of a RAKE combiner can be severely compromised by mistiming.
Infiltration processing of boron carbide-, boron-, and boride-reactive metal cermets (2023)

A chemical pretreatment method is used to produce boron carbide-, boron-, and boride-reactive metal composites by an infiltration process. The boron carbide or other starting constituents, in powder form, are immersed in various alcohols, or other chemical agents, to change the surface chemistry of the starting constituents. The chemically treated starting constituents are consolidated into a porous ceramic precursor which is then infiltrated by molten aluminum or other metal by heating to wetting conditions. Chemical treatment of the starting constituents allows infiltration to full density. The infiltrated precursor is further heat treated to produce a tailorable microstructure. The process at low cost produces composites with improved characteristics, including increased toughness, strength.
Experimental study on purifying aquaculture wastewater between Bacillus and nitrifying bacteria. (2009)

Multi-bacteria system which was dominated by Bacillus subtitles,Bacillus licheniformis and nitrifying bacteria was used to treat aquaculture wastewater for the control of various water quality factors including pH,DO,NH4+-N,NO2--N and COD to compare the ability of purifying aquaculture wastewater between chosen bacteria. Results showed that water quality of the group that added bacteria was better than the blank. Both Bacillus subtitles and Bacillus licheniformis could remove COD and nitrite in wastewater effectively,with effluent concentration of COD and nitrite less than 100mg/L and 0. 6mg/L respectively,removal rate of COD and nitrite up to 67.97% ,70.16% and 99.28% ,99.51% respectively. The concentration of ammonia and nitrite in effluent was less than 0.6mg/L under nitrifying bacteria effect,with removal rate up to 99.38% and 81.44% respectively. The bacteria addition had no obvious effect on pH in water body. The chosen bacteria had different advantages on aquaculture wastewater treatment,which can support the choice of effective complex microorganism for repairing aquaculture water ecosystem.