gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Distribution Grids Providing Voltage Support: The Swiss Case (2020)

The increasing installation of controllable Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in Distribution Networks (DNs) opens up new opportunities for the provision of ancillary services to the Transmission Network (TN) level. As the penetration of smart meter devices and communication infrastructure in DNs increases, they become more observable and controllable with centralized optimization-based control schemes becoming efficient and practical. In this paper, we propose a centralized tractable Optimal Power Flow (OPF)-based control scheme that optimizes the real-time operation of active DNs, while also considering the provision of voltage support as an ancillary service to the TN. We embed in the form of various constraints the current voltage support requirements of Switzerland and investigate the potential benefit of ancillary services provision assuming different operational modes of the DER inverters. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme using a combined HV-MV-LV test system.
A MIMO channel model for wireless personal area networks (2010)

Recent years have seen an increasing attention given to wireless Personal Area Networks (PANs), which are typically networks with small transmitter-receiver separation. The desire for high data rates has led to an interest in deploying multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) transmission for such systems, but up until this date there exists, to the authors¿ best knowledge, no MIMO channel model that enables performance simulations of such systems. An important characteristic of PANs, and at the same time an important difference to regular wireless local area networks, is the interaction between the antenna array and the user. In conjunction with the irregular antenna arrangements that are typical for PAN devices, this has been shown to lead to flexible channel statistics. In this paper we present a MIMO model for PANs that incorporates these effects by prescribing different small-scale statistics and gains to different antenna elements. The proposed model can thus be seen as a generalization of the classical MIMO model for line-of-sight situations. The model is compared to several sets of measurement data and found to provide a very good description of the essential PAN channel characteristics. We also provide a detailed parameterization of the model for a particular PAN scenario.
C-Terminal 1-Aminoethyltetrazole-Containing Oligopeptides as Novel Alanine Racemase Inhibitors (2020)

In clinical culture media inoculated with patient samples, selective inhibition of commensal bacteria is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, as they can mask the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The alanine analogue, 1-aminoethyltetrazole was investigated as a potential alanine racemase inhibitor. For effective uptake and enhanced and selective antibacterial activity, a library of C-terminal 1-aminoethyltetrazole containing di- and oligopeptides were synthesized by solid phase peptide coupling techniques. The investigation of the antimicrobial activity of the synthesised compounds identified several clinically applicable selective inhibitors. These enabled differentiation between the closely related bacteria, <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, which can be difficult to discriminate between in a clinical setting. In addition, differentiation between enterococci and other Gram-positive cocci was also seen.
Accommodation-Free Head Mounted Display with Comfortable 3D Perception and an Enlarged Eye-box (2019)

An accommodation-free displays, also known as Maxwellian displays, keep the displayed image sharp regardless of the viewer's focal distance. However, they typically suffer from a small eye-box and limited effective field of view (FOV) which requires careful alignment before a viewer can see the image. This paper presents a high-quality accommodation-free head mounted display (aHMD) based on pixel beam scanning for direct image forming on retina. It has an enlarged eye-box and FOV for easy viewing by replicating the viewing points with an array of beam splitters. A prototype aHMD is built using this concept, which shows high definition, low colour aberration 3D augmented reality (AR) images with an FOV of 36°. The advantage of the proposed design over other head mounted display (HMD) architectures is that, due to the narrow, collimated pixel beams, the high image quality is unaffected by changes in eye accommodation, and the approach to enlarge the eye-box is scalable. Most importantly, such an aHMD can deliver realistic three-dimensional (3D) viewing perception with no vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC). It is found that viewing the accommodation-free 3D images with the aHMD presented in this work is comfortable for viewers and does not cause the nausea or eyestrain side effects commonly associated with conventional stereoscopic 3D or HMD displays, even for all day use.
Mathematical Model Simulating Organic Variation and Uncertainty Analysis in the Bioreactor Landfill (2008)

The objective of this work is to develop a numerical model to stimulate organic variation accurately in the leachate,to provide support for landfill management,and to minimize the risks of environmental pollution.A mathematical model simulating organic variation in the leachate of bioreactor landfill was presented and demonstrated based on mass balance of contaminants and degradation kinetics.The model was solved numerically using a fourth-order Range-Kutta algorithm and the model parameters were validated by monitoring data.Efficiency assessment and T test were performed for simulating results,and the efficiency coefficients were respectively 0.776 6 and 0.919 3 for column 1 and column 2.T test result showed that the simulating results and monitoring data have no marked difference.Given the limitations in data capture,a sensitivity analysis was performed,highlighting the model's response to changes in input variables.The ~ensitivity index of ■_1 was more than that of ■_(ls),and it was the least for ■_(sg) Moreover,illustrative examples of the model's output are presented to demonstrate effects of data uncertainty on organic concentration by Monte Carlo method.Thus,the numerical model presented in paper can stimulate the organic variation accurately and comprehensively in the complexly changeful landfill.
Auto-Processed Retinal Vessel Shadow View Images From Bedside Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity (2020)

Creation and grading of RVSV-OCT images could eventually be integrated into an alternative method for ROP screening.
Selection of Rubber Materials and Shapes for Energy‐Absorbing Elements (1990)

Energy dissipation characteristics of rubber elements are discussed as a function of material, geometry, temperature, and grouping effects. Static and dynamic energy absorption of particular rubber compounds is quantified. Compounds studied include natural rubber, butadiene, ethylene‐propylene, butyl, neoprene, and a proprietary elastomer. Both circular and square cross sections are tested as individual elements, and in clusters. Photographic sequences of static and dynamic tests show deformed shapes of cross sections. While circular cylinders deform in a stable manner during impact, individual and clustered square cylinders are susceptible to buckling and absorb energy that varies with the impact angle. Web stiffeners substantially increase energy‐absorbing capabilities of circular cylinders but add complexity to the manufacturing process and reduce reliability under load. Influence of temperature variation on energy absorption capabilities for various rubber compounds is rated according to a thermal index.
The genome and lifestage-specific transcriptomes of a plant-parasitic nematode and its host reveal susceptibility genes involved in trans-kingdom synthesis of vitamin B5 (2021)

Abstract Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major, and in some cases a dominant, threat to crop production in all agricultural systems. The relative scarcity of classical resistance genes highlights a pressing need to identify new ways to develop nematode-resistant germplasm. Here, we sequence and assemble a high-quality genome of the model cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii to provide a platform for the first system-wide dual analysis of host and parasite gene expression over time, covering all major stages of the interaction. This novel approach enabled the analysis of the hologenome of the infection site, to identify metabolic pathways that were incomplete in the parasite but complemented by the host. Using a combination of bioinformatic, genetic, and biochemical approaches, we show that the highly atypical completion of vitamin B5 biosynthesis by the parasitic animal, putatively enabled by a horizontal gene transfer from a bacterium, is critically important for parasitism. Knockout of either the plant-encoded or the now nematode-encoded steps in the pathway blocks parasitism. Our experiments establish a reference for cyst nematodes, use this platform to further our fundamental understanding of the evolution of plant-parasitism by nematodes, and show that understanding congruent differential expression of metabolic pathways represents a new way to find nematode susceptibility genes, and thereby, targets for future genome editing-mediated generation of nematode-resistant crops.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Non‐Peptide Ligands for the Somatostatin sst3 Receptor. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MFSK using non-orthogonal tones (2014)

M-ary Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK) using one or more orthogonal tones per symbol has been in use in noncoherent systems for quite some time. We present an alternate system for non-coherent systems using non-orthogonal tones, spread non-uniformly throughout the bandwidth which outperforms the equivalent orthogonal tone system. We demonstrate that from a theoretical capacity point of view, the same bit rate could be achieved by the proposed system with as much as 2.5dB lower signal to noise ratio (SNR). We present the performance with various receiver types and also present the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimators of SNR estimation using this modulation scheme.
Carrier-suppressed 160 GHz pulse-train generation using a 40 GHz phase modulator with polarization-maintaining fiber (2009)

We demonstrate chirp-free carrier-suppressed return-to-zero pulse generation with a repetition rate of 160 GHz using a phase modulator driven by a 40 GHz clock with two-stage polarization-maintaining fibers. The unwanted low-frequency tones are suppressed by more than 25 dB.
Automatic Rights Management for Photocopiers (2018)

We introduce a system to automatically manage photocopies made from copyrighted printed materials. The system monitors photocopiers to detect the copying of pages from copyrighted publications. Such activity is tallied for billing purposes. Access rights to the materials can be verified to prevent printing. Digital images of the copied pages are checked against a database of copyrighted pages. To preserve the privacy of the copying of non-copyright materials, only digital fingerprints are submitted to the image matching service. A problem with such systems is creation of the database of copyright pages. To facilitate this, our system maintains statistics of clusters of similar unknown page images along with copy sequence. Once such a cluster has grown to a sufficient size, a human inspector can determine whether those page sequences are copyrighted. The system has been tested with 100,000s of pages from conference proceedings and with millions of randomly generated pages. Retrieval accuracy has been around 99% even with copies of copies or double-page copies.
Evidence of Direct Communication of Bone Marrow Cells with the Endolymphatic Sac in Experimental Autoimmune Labyrinthitis (1993)

In experimental autoimmune labyrinthitis, we found that the guinea pigs sensitized with bovine inner ear antigen (IEAg) developed cellular infiltration within the endolymphatic sac (E. sac). In this study, we investigated the distribution of immune mediated cells within bony vascular channels. The channels, which are normally found around the E. sac, are tiny and contain few immune-mediated cells. In contrast, in guinea pigs sensitized with IEAg bony vascular channels were large and contained immune-mediated cells. We hypothesize that immune-mediated cells in these channels are the result of the immune response directed against inner ear antigen, and that some immune-mediated cells seen in the E. sac during inner ear inflammatory events have migrated from the adjacent bone marrow.
A potential new strategy for using elastase and its inhibitor as therapeutic agents (2019)

Human neutrophil elastase is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by neutrophil during inflammation and infection in lung environment. It has an important anti-bacterial activity through different pathways. However, it also has an important proteolytic action against lung's extracellular matrix which lead to different disease related to acute lung injuries. secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) is a naturally produced protein with an elastase inhibition main role. Different lung diseases were linked to the imbalance of elastase/SLPI ratio in lung environment. In addition, SLPI has an important antibacterial activity. In this review, a new strategy was suggested to use elastase and SLPI as therapeutic agents. Using encapsulation technology, the entrapment of these molecules inside albumin nanoparticles could produce a great opportunity in tissue degradation protection and non-antibiotic related bacterial killing.
Cellular MicroRNA Sensors Based on Luciferase Reporters (2013)

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to a variety of human diseases including cancer and viral infections. Small molecule modifiers of miRNAs could represent new therapeutic agents and be used as tools for elucidating the biological roles of miRNAs. In order to identify small molecule modifiers of miRNAs, functional assays for specific miRNAs must be developed and optimized. Here, we report the construction of a luciferase reporter assay for miRNA miR-122 function and the development of a stable Huh7 cell line that can be used for high-throughput screening of small molecule miR-122 inhibitors. The steps described here can be applied not only to Huh7 cells and miR-122 but also to virtually any cell line and miRNA combination.
α-Oxoketenes - Preparation and Chemistry (1994)

This review describes the methods of generation of α-oxoketenes and their use in synthesis. While the ketenes are often generated in situ without direct proof for their existence, methods used for their direct observation are also emphasized. The most important classes of precursor molecules are 2-diazo-1, 3-diketones,1,3-dioxin-4-ones, 2,3-dihydrofuran-2,3-diones, and β-ketoacid derivatives. Synthetically useful reactions are nucleophilic additions to give carboxylic acid derivatives which can be subjected to further functional group manipulation, [2 + 2] cycloadditions to give four-membered rings, and [2 + 4] cycloaddition chemistry with a wide variety of double-and triple-bonded dienophiles, resulting in numerous six-membered heterocyclic ring systems. 1. Introduction 2. Generation and Direct Observation 2.1. From Diazo Compounds 2.2. From 1,3-Dioxinones 2.3. From Furan-2,3-diones 2.4. From Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 2.5. From Alkynol Derivatives 2.6. Other Methods 3. Reactions 3.1. With Nucleophiles 3.1.1. Intermolecular 3.1.1.1. Synthesis of β-Ketoacid Derivatives 3.1.1.2. Synthesis of Heterocycles 3.1.1.3. Mechanistic Aspects 3.1.2. Intramolecular 3.2. Cycloaddition Reactions 3.2.1. [2 + 4] Cycloadditions 3.2.1.1. Dimerization and Oligomerization 3.2.1.2. [2 + 4] Cycloaddition Reactions with X = Y and C ≡ X Systems 3.2.2. 1,3-Dipolar [2 + 4] Cycloaddition 3.2.3. [2 + 2] Cycloadditions 3.3. Rearrangements 3.3.1. Electrocyclic Reactions and CO Elimination 3.3.2. Tandem Cyclizations 3.3.3. Ketoketene-Ketoketene Interconversion
A 4&#x2126; 2.3W class-D audio amplifier with embedded DC-DC boost converter, current-sensing ADC and DSP for adaptive speaker protection (2013)

The trend in portable devices such as smart phones and tablets is towards higher audio output power. This can be achieved by lowering the speaker impedance or increasing the voltage swing at the amplifier output by boosting the supply voltage [1-4]. Typical speakers in portable devices are quite fragile and can be damaged easily when the voice coil temperature or membrane excursion exceeds the rated limits. This work presents a smart speaker driver system that maximizes acoustic output while ensuring the speaker is not damaged.
Reduced crying in term infants fed high beta-palmitate formula: a double-blind randomized clinical trial (2014)

NCT00874068.Registration date March 31, 2009.
Measurements of the beatwave dynamics in time and space (2002)

We report on continuing experiments on the plasma beat wave accelerator, which uses an intense two-frequency CO/sub 2/ laser pulse to resonantly drive a large amplitude, relativistically-propagating electron plasma wave suitable for electron acceleration. Previously, energy gains of a factor 15 (from 2 MeV to 30 MeV) have been obtained. Also, collective scattering of a probe laser beam has allowed us to measure n/spl tilde/(/spl omega/,k) and n/spl tilde/(/spl omega//sub m/,t) where m=1,2 are the fundamental and harmonic of the large amplitude plasma wave. This powerful Thomson scattering technique has now been extended to measure n/spl tilde/(z,t), where z is the coordinate along the CO/sub 2/ propagation direction. Nonlinear dynamics such as relativistic detuning and ponderomotive effects can complicate the longitudinal amplitude profile and coherence. Experimental results show a plasma wave with a peak amplitude of approximately 35%, with a FWHM of 100 ps, and extending for 1 cm in space. These wave parameters are consistent with the observed energy gains of accelerated electrons.
Multiplexed Cancer Biomarker Detection Using Quartz-Based Photonic Crystal Surfaces (2011)

A photonic crystal (PC) surface is demonstrated as a high-sensitivity platform for detection of a panel of 21 cancer biomarker antigens using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microarray format. A quartz-based PC structure fabricated by nanoimprint lithography, selected for its low autofluorescence, supports two independent optical resonances that simultaneously enable enhancement of fluorescence detection of biomarkers and label-free quantification of the density of antibody capture spots. A detection instrument is demonstrated that supports fluorescence and label-free imaging modalities, with the ability to optimize the fluorescence enhancement factor on a pixel-by-pixel basis throughout the microarray using an angle-scanning approach for the excitation laser that automatically compensates for variability in surface chemistry density and capture spot density. Measurements show that the angle-scanning illumination approach reduces the coefficient of variation of replicate assays by 20-99% compared to ordinary fluorescence microscopy, thus supporting reduction in limits of detectable biomarker concentration. Using the PC resonance, biomarkers in mixed samples were detectable at the lowest concentrations tested (2.1-41 pg/mL), resulting in a three-log range of quantitative detection.
Emission of submm-radiation by strong turbulent plasma at two-stream instability of high current REB (2011)

One of possible ways to generate submillimeter wave and THz radiation is to use transformation of plasma waves into electromagnetic radiation at strong Langmuir turbulence [1]. We had already described some implementation of such method at the GOL-3 experiments [2–4], wherein the mechanism of plasma heating was recognized as the excitation of strong Langmuir turbulence (LT) via a two-stream instability induced by the propagating high current beam. The detailed theoretical consideration of LT-induced electromagnetic emission from turbulent plasmas distinguishes two main processes responsible for electromagnetic radiation emission during the beam-plasma interaction at GOL-3. First, plasmon scattering on plasma density fluctuations yields electromagnetic emission at the plasma frequency ω <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> (“ω <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> -process”). Second, plasmon-plasmon merging results in production of photons in the vicinity of the double plasma frequency 2ω <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> (“2ω <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> -process”). For plasma densities of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> –10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> , corresponding output radiation frequencies are located in the range from mm to sub-mm waves, ω <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</inf> /2π ≌ 90–283 GHz, 2ω <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</inf> /2π ≌ 180–566 GHz.
Electronic structure and mechanical properties of grain boundaries (1993)

Our ab-initio quantum mechanical calculations on grain boundaries have progressed beautifully. We have succeeded in obtaining some interesting and new results for both clean and doped gain boundary systems. In particular we find the following. For the clean Germanium sigma 5 310 tilt boundary the ideal atomic configuration is as shown at the top of Fig. 1. Here we are looking along the 130 axis. The 310 grain boundary plane is perpendicular to the plane of the figure and passes through the atoms represented by unfilled circles. The horizontal direction is 001. On either side of the boundary plane we see atoms from the two grains, filled circles on the bottom and shadowed circles on the top. Note that the atoms with unfilled circles (which are in the immediate vicinity of the boundary) form strange-looking bonds with neighboring atoms. One can even see a three-fold ring of bonds right at the interface.
Large‐area spectrally encoded confocal endomicroscopy of the human esophagus in vivo (2016)

This study demonstrates that comprehensive spectrally encoded confocal endomicroscopy is feasible and can be used to visualize architectural and cellular microscopic features from large segments of the distal esophagus at the gastroesophageal junction. By providing microscopic images that are less subject to sampling error, this technology may find utility in guiding biopsy and planning and assessing endoscopic therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:233-239, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.