gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unconventional vision sensors (2002)

Summary form only given. What can be perceived by a human or computed by a machine from an image is fundamentally restricted by the captured data. Current imaging systems are limited in spatial resolution, field of view, and dynamic range. In this talk, we present new vision sensors that provide unconventional forms of visual information. The first part of the talk focuses on the use of catadioptrics (lenses and mirrors) for capturing unusually large fields of view. We describe several methods for obtaining single viewpoint and multi-viewpoint images. The second part of the talk addresses the problem of acquiring high dynamic range images using a low dynamic range detector. We present two approaches for extracting the desired extra bits at each pixel; the first one uses multiple images while the second uses just a single image. Several interactive demonstrations of our results are shown. These results have implications for digital imaging, immersive imaging, image based rendering, 3D scene modeling, and advanced interfaces.
Assessing Excited State Methods by Adiabatic Excitation Energies (2011)

We compile a 109-membered benchmark set of adiabatic excitation energies (AEEs) from high-resolution gas-phase experiments. Our data set includes a variety of organic chromophores with up to 46 atoms, radicals, and inorganic transition metal compounds. Many of the 91 molecules in our set are relevant to atmospheric chemistry, photovoltaics, photochemistry, and biology. The set samples valence, Rydberg, and ionic states of various spin multiplicities. As opposed to vertical excitation energies, AEEs are rigorously defined by energy differences of vibronic states, directly observable, and insensitive to errors in equilibrium structures. We supply optimized ground state and excited state structures, which allows fast and convenient evaluation of AEEs with two single-point energy calculations per system. We apply our benchmark set to assess the performance of time-dependent density functional theory using common semilocal functionals and the configuration interaction singles method. Hybrid functionals such as B3LYP and PBE0 yield the best results, with mean absolute errors around 0.3 eV. We also investigate basis set convergence and correlations between different methods and between the magnitude of the excited state relaxation energy and the AEE error. A smaller, 15-membered subset of AEEs is introduced and used to assess the correlated wave function methods CC2 and ADC(2). These methods improve upon hybrid TDDFT for systems with single-reference ground states but perform less well for radicals and small-gap transition metal compounds. None of the investigated methods reaches "chemical accuracy" of 0.05 eV in AEEs.
Extensions to Jinni Mobile Agent Architecture (2001)

We extend the Jinni mobile agent architecture with a multicast network transport layer, an agent-to-agent delegation mechanism and a reflection based Prolog-to-Java interface. To ensure that our agent infrastructure runs efficiently, independently of router-level multicast support, we describe a blackboard based algorithm for locating a randomly roaming agent. As part of the agent-to-agent delegation mechanism, we describe an alternative to code-fetching mechanism for stronger mobility of mobile agents with less network overhead. In the context of direct and reflection based extension mechanisms for Jinni, we describe the design and the implementation of a reflection based Prolog-to-Java interface. The presence of subtyping and method overloading makes finding the most specific method corresponding to a Prolog call pattern fairly difficult. We describe a run-time algorithm which provides accurate handling of overloaded methods beyond Java's reflection package's limitations.
Quantum Gates for Propagating Microwave Photons (2017)

We report a generic scheme to implement transmission-type quantum gates for propagating microwave photons, based on a sequence of lumped-element components on transmission lines. By choosing three equidistant superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) as the components on a single transmission line, we experimentally implement a magnetic-flux-tunable phase shifter and demonstrate that it produces a broad range of phase shifts and full transmission within the experimental uncertainty. Together with previously demonstrated beam splitters, these phase shifters can be utilized to implement arbitrary single-qubit gates. Furthermore, we theoretically show that replacing the SQUIDs by superconducting qubits, the phase shifter can be made strongly nonlinear, thus introducing deterministic photon--photon interactions. These results critically complement the previous demonstrations of on-demand single-photon sources and detectors, and hence pave the way for an all-microwave quantum computer based on propagating photons.
Supplementary Figure S8 from YAP Orchestrates Heterotypic Endothelial Cell Communication via HGF/c-MET Signaling in Liver Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;HGF/c-MET expression and signaling in a CEC model system&lt;/p&gt;
A 161-mW 56-Gb/s ADC-Based Discrete Multitone Wireline Receiver Data-Path in 14-nm FinFET (2019)

This article introduces a wireline receiver (RX) data-path employing discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation for communicating over electrical links. The DMT RX incorporates a fully digital equalization data-path, with a synthesized and automatically placed and routed digital signal processor (DSP) following a 10-bit time-interleaved pipelined successive-approximation register analog-to-digital converter (TI-PISAR ADC). The prototype RX chip implemented in a 14-nm FinFET process demonstrates a lane data rate of 56 Gb/s dissipating 161 mW including the ADC and the DSP power. The energy efficiency of 1.2 pJ/b for the DSP and 2.9 pJ/b for the entire RX was achieved with the data-rate of 56 Gb/s for communicating over channels exhibiting up to 28-dB loss at 14 GHz with a bit-error-rate (BER) better than 2e-4.
Properties of Fluorenyl Silanes in Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2010)

Multifluorenyl silanes have been studied as potential hosts for organic light emitting diodes. Four molecules, (9,9′-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)nSi(phenyl)4-n (SiFln, n = 1, 2, 3, and 4), with an increasing number of fluorene units have been synthesized and investigated. These compounds possess high triplet energies (2.9 eV), large HOMO−LUMO gaps (∼5.2 eV), and high glass transition temperatures. Their glass transition and sublimation temperatures increase linearly as the fluorene ratio increases, but there are only small changes in their electrochemical or photophysical properties. These studies suggest that the Si center helps maintain the high singlet and triplet energy levels of these molecules. These materials exhibit ambipolar transport characteristics in undoped OLED devices, and the charge conductivity of the devices was enhanced by increasing the fluorene ratios in the host molecules. Compared with phenylsilanes, the fluorenylsilanes show better hole injecting and charge transporting abilities. SiFl4 was investigated as a host material for red, green, and blue phosphorescent devices, giving peak efficiencies of 8, 8, and 3%, respectively.
Factors Affecting Quantitative Analysis in Laser Desorption/Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2004)

Microprobe laser desorption/laser ionization mass spectrometry (microL(2)MS) is a sensitive and selective technique that has proven useful in the qualitative and semiquantitative detection of trace organic compounds, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Recent efforts have focused on developing microL(2)MS as a quantitative method, often by measuring the ratio of signal strength of an analyte to an internal standard. Here, we present evidence of factors that affect these ratios and thus create uncertainty and irreproducibility in quantification. The power and wavelength of the desorption laser, the delay time between the desorption and ionization steps, the power of the ionization laser, and the ionization laser alignment are all shown to change PAH ratios, in some cases by up to a factor of 24. Although changes in the desorption laser parameters and the delay time cause the largest effects, the ionization laser power and alignment are the most difficult parameters to control and thus provide the most practical limitations for quantitative microL(2)MS. Variation in ratios is seen in both synthetic poly(vinyl chloride) membranes and in "real-life" samples of Murchison meteorite powder. Ratios between similar PAHs vary less than those between PAHs that differ greatly in mass and structure. This finding indicates that multiple internal standards may be needed for quantification of samples containing diverse PAHs.
In vivo-CT system with respiratory and cardiac gating using synchrotron radiation (2007)

The interest in using small animal models of human disease has produced a need to design a CT system at a microscopic level comparable to that achievable in a clinical CT in human. In this study, we developed a high-resolution in vivo-CT system with respiratory and cardiac gating using synchrotron radiation. The system was constructed in BL20B2 at SPring-8. SPring-8 is the third generation synchrotron radiation source in Hyogo, Japan, and prefers much higher flux X-ray than a laboratory X-ray source. Another advantage of synchrotron monochromatic CT is the minimalization of beam hardening effects, which pose serious problems when using white X-rays. Since the X-ray beam from the synchrotron source is parallel, each horizontal line corresponds to a slice position along the rotation axis. Multiple slices are easily obtained in one rotation (3D-CT). For in vivo scanning, the X-ray mechanical shutter and CCD electrical shutter were synchronized with an airway pressure (respiratory) and electrocardiographic (ECG) signal. Synchronization reduced the motion artifacts caused by respiration and heart beats, markedly improving visualization of the edges of the heart, ribs and diaphragm. In particular, small airways (diameter > 300 &mgr;m) and cerebral blood vessels were visualized clearly. This system is very useful for evaluating lung physiology and cardiovascular mechanics in vivo.
Evidence of lattice tilt and slip in m-plane InGaN/GaN heterostructure (2011)

Using high-resolution microbeam x-ray diffraction and cross-section transmission electron microscopy, we investigated in-plane anisotropy resulting from epilayer lattice tilts in heteroepitaxial InGaN on a m-plane GaN substrate. The in-plane structure consists of two lattice tilts along the [112¯0] direction corresponding to (101¯0) and (01¯10) slip planes inclined at roughly 60° from the m-plane. Based on the Peierls-Nabarro model, we explain this structure by proposing a slip system via the {101¯0} prism plane with 〈112¯0〉-type slip directions.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO 2‐OXAZOLIDONES (1976)

Abstract Beim Erhitzen der Aziridine (I) mit Kohlendioxid in Gegenwart von Jod erhält man die Oxazolidone (II).
Abstract TP585: Long-Term Outcomes in Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Patients: The Multicenter Arteriovenous Malformation Research Study (MARS) (2019)

Introduction: Accurately balancing risks of interventional treatment and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in the untreated course of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation (uBAVM) patients is critical for optimal management. Observational studies of uBAVM afford an opportunity to address important gaps and previous criticisms of randomized data to help guide treatment decisions and assess long-term risk/benefit ratio. We previously published an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA) in 4 MARS cohorts and identified ICH presentation and increasing age as significant predictors of ICH during follow-up, but was not powered to detect predictors in those with uBAVM. Thus, the goals of this project are to identify risk factors for ICH in uBAVMs, to estimate the risk with precision, and to create personalized, risk-prediction models. Methods: MARS is an international, multi-center study of 11 cohorts with target enrollment of 4,500 uBAVM patients ascertained through population-based or referral-based studies. We are harmonizing both retrospective and prospective data, including clinical, lifestyle, imaging, and angiographic factors. Treatments, complications, and functional outcomes (physician and patient-reported) will be updated annually between 2018-2022. We propose to: 1) identify predictors of outcome in uBAVMs using IPDMA; 2) test whether long-term outcomes differ by treatment using statistical approaches for causal inference and unbiased estimates; 3) compare treatment outcomes in randomized and non-randomized data to address generalizability; and 4) validate models and provide a novel tool for calculating individualized risks. Eligible sites have: a) prior BAVM publications; b) data from a minimum of 100 uBAVM patients; c) agree to random outcome adjudication; and d) agree to MARS data sharing policy. Discussion: The NIH-funded MARS consortium will provide important and comprehensive characterization of the untreated and treated course of uBAVMs, using large observational datasets and sophisticated epidemiological approaches. The data and models generated will be a useful resource for decision-making. We welcome participation from eligible sites with longitudinal data on uBAVM patients
A phase I, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of MDX-214, a novel immune-mediated mechanism agent targeting the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), in patients with advanced solid tumors (2006)

2523 Background: MDX-214 is a recombinant fusion protein between human EGF and the Fab′ fragment of a fully human anti-CD89 (IgA FcR) MAb. MDX-214 is designed to block EGFR and activate neutrophils via CD89 stimulation, and promotes EGFR+ cell killing in vitro by both mechanisms. Methods: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety and tolerability, to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), to characterize the PK, to assess PD markers and to explore the antitumor activity of MDX-214 administered intravenously weekly for 4 weeksin EGFR+ malignancies. PD studies included monitoring immune cell trafficking to tumors by paired In 111 WBC scans at the final dose level, MDX-214 saturation of CD89+ neutrophils in blood, as well as EGFR signaling in skin. Pts were permitted only 1 course of therapy. Results: To date, 18 pts (median age 61, range 48–83, 10 M/8 F) have been treated over 4 dose levels at 0.4, 1, 4 and 10 mg/m 2 , respectively. Tumor types included renal (4), colorectal (2), pancreatic (2), head/neck (2), tracheal, parotid, esophageal, breast, anal, thyroid, hepatocellular, and skin carcinomas. DLT was encountered at 10 mg/m 2 with one grade 3 reversible infusion reaction of rigors, erythema and transient hypoxemia. In the 6 pts treated at this dose level, 2 additional pts experienced grade 2 infusion reactions despite premedication, and one grade 2 hypotension. The MTD was therefore 4 mg/m 2 . Other grade 1–2 toxicities included nausea/vomiting (9), diarrhea (2), fatigue (4), headache (4). There were 7 pts with stable disease at 6 weeks. The serum half-life was &lt; 30 min but neutrophil-bound MDX-214 was detectable for 24 h. In 111 WBC scans are under analysis. Conclusion: Weekly administration of MDX-214, a novel immune mediated therapeutic strategy targeting EGFR is feasible with an MTD of 4 mg/m 2 . This dose results in neutrophil labeling with MDX-214 for over 24 hours, and may permit activated neutrophil localization at tumor sites. Accrual at the MTD is ongoing. [Table: see text]
Patient outcome measures during prolonged survival in patients (Pts) with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) treated with azacitidine (AZA) (2008)

7028 Background: A recent phase III trial showed AZA is the first treatment to significantly extend overall survival (OS) in higher- risk MDS pts (Fenaux, Blood 2007;110:817). This subsequent analysis explored improvements in patient outcomes during prolonged survival, as reflected by transfusion requirements, cytopenias, levels of anemia, infections requiring antimicrobial agents, and hospitalization days. Methods: 358 pts with higher-risk MDS, defined as FAB RAEB, RAEB-T, or CMML and IPSS Int-2 or High, were enrolled. Pts were randomized to AZA (75 mg/m2/d SC x 7d q 28d) + best supportive care (BSC) or conventional care regimens (CCR). CCR + BSC included low-dose ara-C (20 mg/m2/d x 14d q 28d), or standard chemotherapy (7+3 regimen), or BSC only. Prophylactic G-CSF and erythropoietin were not allowed. Results: Significantly more RBC transfusion-dependent pts at baseline (BL) achieved transfusion independence (TI) with AZA vs CCR and significantly more pts who were RBC TI at BL remained TI with AZA vs CCR (Table). Similarly, significantly more pts treated with AZA vs CCR had any IWG 2000 hematologic improvement (49% vs 29%, p<0.0001). The hazard ratio for anemia with AZA vs CCR was 0.89 (95%CI: 0.82, 0.97; p=0.009). Rate of infection requiring IV antimicrobial treatment was reduced by one- third with AZA vs CCR (relative risk [RR] = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.35, 1.20; p=0.133). Risk of additional days in the hospital was significantly reduced with AZA vs CCR (RR = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.81, 0.88; p<0.0001). On average, AZA pts had approximately 7 fewer days per pt-year in the hospital. Conclusions: In addition to prolonging OS, AZA was associated with improved patient outcome measures demonstrated by clinically meaningful reductions in transfusion requirements, cytopenias, anemia, infections requiring antimicrobial agents, and hospitalization days. Further research is needed to measure the impact of these improvements on overall quality of life and health economic measures for these pts. RBC Transfusion Independence After Therapy RBC AZA n/N, % [95%CI] CCR n/N, % [95%CI] Difference AZA vs CCR P value BL-Dependent 50/111, 45% [36, 55] 13/144, 11% [6, 19] 34% <0.0001 BL-Independent 58/68, 85% [75, 93] 37/65, 57% [44, 69] 28% 0.0005 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pharmion Amgen, Celgene, EMB Statistical Solutions, LLC, Pharmion Pharmion Amgen, Celgene, Cephalon, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pharmion, Roche Pharmion
Elucidating the role of ZEB1 in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (2015)

Elucidating the role of ZEB1 in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer
ChemInform Abstract: THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+‐)‐2‐AZAESTRADIOL‐3‐METHYL ETHER (1975)

Abstract Die Totalsynthese von (i)‐2‐Aza‐östradiol‐3‐methyläther (XII) aus Cyclohexandion (Ia) erfolgt in der im Formelschema angegebenen Weise.
Preparation of Monodisperse Hydrogel Particles by Membrane Emulsification Using Highly Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina (2013)

Abstract Monodisperse hydrogel particles were prepared by membrane emulsification using ordered anodic porous alumina. The size of the obtained hydrogel particles could be controlled by changing the pore size in the anodic porous alumina. The average diameter of the obtained hydrogel particles showed a good linear relationship with the pore size of anodic porous alumina used for membrane emulsification. The process is simple and allows for the high-throughput preparation of monodisperse hydrogel particles with controlled sizes.
Femtosecond optical frequency combs (2009)

A laser frequency comb allows the conversion of the very rapid oscillations of visible light of some 100’s of THz down to frequencies that can be handled with conventional electronics. This capability has enabled the most precise laser spectroscopy experiments yet that allowed to test quantum electrodynamics, to determine fundamental constants and to search for possible slow changes of these constants. Using an optical frequency reference in combination with a laser frequency comb has made it possible to construct all optical atomic clocks, that are now outperforming even the best cesium atomic clocks. In future direct frequency comb spectroscopy might enable high resolution laser spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet for the first time. Frequency combs are also used to calibrate astronomical spectrographs and might reach an accuracy that is sufficient to observe the expansion of the universe in real time.
Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 Requires Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 43146 for Growth on Saliva in a Three-Species Community That Includes Streptococcus oralis 34 (2009)

Formation of dental plaque is a developmental process involving initial and late colonizing species that form polymicrobial communities. Fusobacteria are the most numerous gram-negative bacteria in dental plaque, but they become prevalent after the initial commensal colonizers, such as streptococci and actinomyces, have established communities. The unusual ability of these bacteria to coaggregate with commensals, as well as pathogenic late colonizers, has been proposed to facilitate colonization by the latter organisms. We investigated the integration of Fusobacterium nucleatum into multispecies communities by employing two in vitro models with saliva as the sole nutritional source. In flow cell biofilms, numbers of cells were quantified using fluorescently conjugated antibodies against each species, and static biofilms were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) using species-specific primers. Unable to grow as single-species biofilms, F. nucleatum grew in two-species biofilms with Actinomyces naeslundii but not with Streptococcus oralis. However, enhanced growth of fusobacteria was observed in three-species biofilms, indicating that there was multispecies cooperation. Importantly, these community dynamics yielded an 18-fold increase in the F. nucleatum biomass between 4 h and 18 h in the flow cell inoculated with three species. q-PCR analysis of static biofilms revealed that maximum growth of the three species occurred at 24 h to 36 h. Lower numbers of cells were observed at 48 h, suggesting that saliva could not support higher cell densities as the sole nutrient. Integration of F. nucleatum into multispecies commensal communities was evident from the interdigitation of fusobacteria in coaggregates with A. naeslundii and S. oralis and from the improved growth of fusobacteria, which was dependent on the presence of A. naeslundii.
Thiuram- and Dithiocarbamate-Accelerated Sulfur Vulcanization from the Chemist's Perspective; Methods, Materials and Mechanisms Reviewed (1997)

Abstract This paper describes research methodologies for the investigation of the mechanism of vulcanization and discusses the reactivity of thiuram and dithiocarbamate chemicals. The combined knowledge is subsequently applied to thoroughly review the mechanism and chemistry of both thiuram- and dithiocarbamate-accelerated sulfur vulcanization. Integration of the original mechanistic ideas from the 1960s and the results obtained in the past three decades now have led to a more balanced appraisal of events during vulcanization. Questions have been answered, solutions for old problems are proposed, and remaining fields of endeavor are identified.
Joint EANM/SNMMI guideline on radiomics in nuclear medicine (2022)

Radiomics is a very quickly evolving field of research. The present guideline focused on established findings as well as recommendations based on the state of the art. Though this guideline recognizes both hand-crafted and deep learning-based radiomics approaches, it primarily focuses on the former as this field is more mature. This guideline will be updated once more studies and results have contributed to improved consensus regarding the application of deep learning methods for radiomics. Although methodological recommendations in the present document are valid for most medical image modalities, we focus here on nuclear medicine, and specific recommendations when necessary are made for PET/CT, PET/MR, and quantitative SPECT.