gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System and Package Level Thermal Optimization of Power Amplifier Modules With Application in Wireless Communication (2003)

Increased functionality of microelectronic packages for commercial applications leads to the necessity of identifying packaging solutions with high standards for thermal performance, during its functioning lifetime as well as during various test conditions. A detailed numerical analysis examines the thermal characteristics of a power amplifier module for time division multiple access (TDMA), using commercially available software. The increasing trend in power levels and densities leads to the need of design thermal optimization, either at module level or system level. Under specific test conditions, the thermal performance of the module degrades gradually; therefore, alternative test designs are investigated for thermal performance optimization. Initial study focuses on assessing the thermal performance of a baseline design. The peak temperature reaches 144°C, about 60°C temperature increase over the reference temperature. The peak temperature value is below the limit of 150°C. Further investigation focuses on several systems level designs, by incorporating individual test contactors between the DUT and load board or with conductive elastomers or pedestal solid ground slug for thermal performance enhancement. The peak temperatures are calculated in this case for the system being exposed to the ambient at 85°C. The results indicate that the test design with solid ground slug provides the best thermal performance, ∼ 5% better than the other designs. The small difference between the first two designs (with individual contactors and separate solid ground slug with conductive elastomer) resides in the fact that the elastomer has a small thickness (0.25mm), thus a low thermal resistance (based on thermal conductivity greater than 1W/mK), with minimal impact on the overall thermal performance of the TDMA under current test conditions. The temperature difference between the top section of the contactor designs with the CBC pin/copper block/pedestal is small; in spite of this, the high temperature reached by the individual CBC pins induces possible failures in the elastomer. The designs with pedestal and solid ground slugs have a notable advantage over the design with individual contactors, due to no moving parts within the elastomer, being more robust. The peak temperature reached by the module under the best/worst testing scenarios varies by ∼ 4–5%.
Calibration of Residual Speckle Pattern in a Coronagraph (2005)

Ground and space based coronagraphs have been proposed to suppress the light of the star so a planet nearby can be imaged. But even when starlight has been suppressed by . This paper describes a speckle calibration approach that measures the electric field of the light after it exits the coronagraph, in order to estimate the speckle pattern in the image plane. This technique makes use of the coherence of star light or rather the incoherence of starlight to planet light, and has very significant advantages compared to other techniques.For a space based coronagraph, an alternative approach is to rotate the telescope /coronagraph and subtract two images. The calibration interferometer described here has the advantage that the temporal stability of the system can be relaxed by several orders of magnitude. For a ground based AO coronagraph system this approach has none of the serious limitations of the techniques based on the radial expansion of the speckle pattern with wavelength and enables ground based AO coronagraphs to approach the photon limit rather than the atmospheric limit. The calibration interferometer is being built for a NASA sounding rocket experiment by BU, JPL, MIT, and GSFC (PICTURE) with a 50cm telescope and a nulling coronagraph to be launched in 2007. It is also part of a design study for an extreme AO coronagraph for the Gemini Telescope, and a conceptual study of an extreme AO coronagraph for the TMT.
CG-OoO (2017)

We introduce the Coarse-Grain Out-of-Order (CG-OoO) general-purpose processor designed to achieve close to In-Order (InO) processor energy while maintaining Out-of-Order (OoO) performance. CG-OoO is an energy-performance-proportional architecture. Block-level code processing is at the heart of this architecture; CG-OoO speculates, fetches, schedules, and commits code at block-level granularity. It eliminates unnecessary accesses to energy-consuming tables and turns large tables into smaller, distributed tables that are cheaper to access. CG-OoO leverages compiler-level code optimizations to deliver efficient static code and exploits dynamic block-level and instruction-level parallelism. CG-OoO introduces Skipahead, a complexity effective, limited out-of-order instruction scheduling model. Through the energy efficiency techniques applied to the compiler and processor pipeline stages, CG-OoO closes 62% of the average energy gap between the InO and OoO baseline processors at the same area and nearly the same performance as the OoO. This makes CG-OoO 1.8× more efficient than the OoO on the energy-delay product inverse metric. CG-OoO meets the OoO nominal performance while trading off the peak scheduling performance for superior energy efficiency.
The AFRL Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) for DoD Space Capability in the MEO (2006)

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) space vehicles directorate has developed the demonstration and sciences experiment (DSX) to research the technologies needed to deploy space assets in the harsh MEO radiation environment. The DSX comprises three basic research experiments: 1) wave particle interaction experiment; 2) space weather experiment and; 3) space environmental effects experiment. The wave particle interaction experiment will explore the transmission, propagation and amplification of very low frequency (VLF) waves in the magnetosphere. The experiment will be performed using a mission architecture that includes space transmitters and receivers on DSX, ground transmitters such as high frequency active auroral research program (HAARP), and other space receivers on satellites such as IMAGE (imager for magnetopause-to-aurora global exploration). The specific objectives are to explore the effect of VLF waves on scattering energetic particles in the radiation belts, global wave propagation, amplification, and efficiency of VLF injection from a space antenna through the plasma sheath. The wave particle interaction experiment is under development through the strong support of DARPA's Sleight of HAND program. The space weather experiment uses a combination of seven particle and field sensors to precisely measure high and low energy particle dose rates and pitch-angle distributions as well as local magnetic fields in the poorly characterized MEO environment and slot region. the space environmental effects experiment on DSX is centered around the NASA GSFC space environmental testbed (SET) payload which will perform basic research on the performance of a number of electronics components in the MEO environment. In addition, AFRL radiometers and photometers will be used to characterize the radiation effects on select optical and thermal coatings. Grouping these experiments on a single platform provides a low-cost opportunity for AFRL due to the experiments' common requirements and goals. All three experiments need a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft bus, a suite of radiation sensors, and extended duration in a MEO orbit. The DSX spacecraft is currently in fabrication. The DSX program enjoys the continued support of SMC Det 12, space test program, in the process to secure a launch manifest. The satellite is planned to be launch ready by late 2008 with one year of on-orbit operations.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Benzimidazoisoquinoline Synthesis via Oxidative Coupling of 2‐Arylbenzimidazoles with Alkynes. (2013)

ChemInformVolume 44, Issue 46 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium-Catalyzed Benzimidazoisoquinoline Synthesis via Oxidative Coupling of 2-Arylbenzimidazoles with Alkynes. Nerella Kavitha, Nerella Kavitha Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorGenji Sukumar, Genji Sukumar Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorVemula Praveen Kumar, Vemula Praveen Kumar Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorPrathama S. Mainkar, Prathama S. Mainkar Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSrivari Chandrasekhar, Srivari Chandrasekhar Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Nerella Kavitha, Nerella Kavitha Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorGenji Sukumar, Genji Sukumar Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorVemula Praveen Kumar, Vemula Praveen Kumar Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorPrathama S. Mainkar, Prathama S. Mainkar Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSrivari Chandrasekhar, Srivari Chandrasekhar Div. Nat. Prod. Chem., Indian Inst. Chem. Technol., Hyderabad 500 007, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 October 2013 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201346159Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume44, Issue46November 12, 2013 RelatedInformation
Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic (ESC) Renal Cell Carcinomas Harbor TSC Mutations (2018)

Eosinophilic solid and cystic (ESC) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has recently been described as a potentially new subtype of RCC based upon morphologic and immunohistochemical features. These neoplasms typically demonstrate solid and cystic architecture, and the neoplastic cells contain voluminous eosinophilic cytoplasm with granular cytoplasmic stippling. There is frequently focal immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 20. Although the initial cases all occurred in adult females and had benign outcome, we recently expanded the proposed spectrum of this neoplasm to include pediatric cases, multifocal neoplasms, and a case with hematogenous metastasis. ESC has been postulated to be analogous to a subtype of RCC consistently identified in tuberous sclerosis complex patients, and while previous work has demonstrated loss of heterozygosity at the TSC1 locus and copy number gains at TSC2 in ESC RCC, these genes have not been sequenced in ESC RCC. Using capture-based and amplicon-based next-generation sequencing, we now demonstrate the consistent presence of either TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutations in pediatric ESC RCC (8/9 cases) and adult ESC RCC (6/6 cases). These included a metastatic ESC RCC which had a complete response to mTOR targeted therapy. We also found these mutations in some neoplasms with variant morphology and thus potentially expand the spectrum of ESC RCC. These include one of our adult cases which demonstrated dominant "type 2" papillary RCC morphology and 2 of 3 previously unclassified pediatric RCC with features of ESC RCC minus granular cytoplasmic stippling. We also demonstrate TSC mutations in a case of so-called "oncocytoid RCC after neuroblastoma" with identical morphology and immunoprofile, providing a molecular link between the latter and ESC RCC. In summary, ESC RCC consistently harbors actionable TSC1 or TSC2 mutations, which are infrequently seen in established subtypes of RCC. These findings support TSC1/2 mutation as a molecular marker of ESC RCC, and suggest expansion of the clinicopathologic spectrum to include neoplasms with papillary architecture, occasional cases lacking well-developed granular cytoplasmic stippling, and a subset of RCC with oncocytic features in patients who have survived neuroblastoma.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 4 from IDH1 Mutations Alter Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism and Increase Dependence on Oxidative Mitochondrial Metabolism (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 93KB, Estimates Fluxes for HCT116 Parental and IDH1 R132H/+ 2H1 cells under Normoxia and Hypoxia (2 percent Oxygen).&lt;/p&gt;
What's in a ray set: moving towards a unified ray set format (2011)

For the purpose of optical simulation, a plethora of formats exist to describe the properties of a light source. Except for the EULUMDAT and IES formats which describe sources in terms of aperture area and far field intensity, all these formats are vendor specific, and no generally accepted standard exists. Most illumination simulation software vendors use their own format for ray sets, which describe sources in terms of many rays. Some of them keep their format definition proprietary. Thus, software packages typically can read or write only their own specific format, although the actual data content is not so different. Typically, they describe origin and direction of each ray in 3D vectors, and use one more single number for magnitude, where magnitude may denote radiant flux, luminous flux (equivalently tristimulus Y), or tristimulus X and Z. Sometimes each ray also carries its wavelength, while other formats allow to specify an overall spectrum for the whole source. In addition, in at least one format, polarization properties are also included for each ray. This situation makes it inefficient and potentially error prone for light source manufacturers to provide ray data sets for their sources in many different formats. Furthermore, near field goniometer vendors again use their proprietary formats to store the source description in terms of luminance data, and offer their proprietary software to generate ray sets from this data base. Again, the plethora of ray sets make the ray set production inefficient and potentially error prone. In this paper, we propose to describe ray data sets in terms of phase space, as a step towards a standardized ray set format. It is well known that luminance and radiance can be defined as flux density in phase space: luminance is flux divided by etendue. Therefore, single rays can be thought of as center points of phase space cells, where each cell possesses its volume (i.e. etendue), its flux, and therefore its luminance. In addition, each phase space cell possesses its spectrum, and its polarization properties. We show how this approach leads to a unification of the EULUMDAT/IES, ray set and near field goniometer formats, making possible the generation of arbitrarily many additional rays by luminance interpolation. We also show how the EULUMDAT/IES and individual ray set formats can be derived from the proposed general format, making software using a possible standard format downward compatible.
Absorption saturation in commercial and quantum-confine CdSexS_1−x-doped glasses (1988)

The optical nonlinearity of commercial and experimental CdSexS1−x glasses has been studied using a single-beam absorption saturation technique employing 1−5-psec pulses. Glasses showing strong three-dimensional quantum-confinement effects were found to be more difficult to saturate than glasses with larger crystallites that exhibit bulk crystallike optical properties. The effect of anion stoichiometry on the nonlinearity was also studied in non-quantum-confined glasses. Within the range 0.48 &lt; x ≤ 1.0, little difference in nonlinearity was observed.
The Robonaut 2 hand - designed to do work with tools (2012)

The second generation Robonaut hand has many advantages over its predecessor. This mechatronic device is more dexterous and has improved force control and sensing giving it the capability to grasp and actuate a wider range of tools. It can achieve higher peak forces at higher speeds than the original. Developed as part of a partnership between General Motors and NASA, the hand is designed to more closely approximate a human hand. Having a more anthropomorphic design allows the hand to attain a larger set of useful grasps for working with human interfaces. Key to the hand's improved performance is the use of lower friction drive elements and a redistribution of components from the hand to the forearm, permitting more sensing in the fingers and palm where it is most important. The following describes the design, mechanical/electrical integration, and control features of the hand. Lessons learned during the development and initial operations along with planned refinements to make it more effective are presented.
Chemically Polished Aluminum Alloys with Low Outgassing Rate. (1998)

A technique of chemical polishing and subsequent cleaning was developed as the final surface treatment of most of aluminum alloys those are used as component materials in ultrahigh and extremely high vacuum equipments. This paper focuses to most recurrently used alloys, A5052 and A6061. Surfaces treated by the new technique are smooth enough to give a clear reflection. The outgassing properties by thermal desorption spectroscopy, pump-down characteristics, and surface analyses by Auger electron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, and humidity cabinet test were examined on the chemically polished samples. The outgassing rate of the chemically polished samples is in the lowest range of value to those reported for mechanically machined aluminum alloys. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of chemically polished samples is better than that of any mechanically machined samples, and the specially treated chemically polished samples has higher corrosion resistance than the electrolytically polished samples.
Total synthesis of furanocembranolides. 2. Macrocyclization studies culminating in the synthesis of a dihydropseudopterolide and gorgiacerone. Related furanocembranolide interconversions. (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of furanocembranolides. 2. Macrocyclization studies culminating in the synthesis of a dihydropseudopterolide and gorgiacerone. Related furanocembranolide interconversions.Christopher M. Rayner, Peter C. Astles, and Leo A. PaquetteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 3926–3936Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00036a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views880Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ionic Conductivity of New Ambient Temperature Alkali Metal Glasses AlCl3/NaN(CN)2 (2000)

Ambient temperature alkali glassy salt mixtures, x[AlCl3]/(1 − x)[NaN(CN)2] (x = 0.4−0.75), were prepared. A large increase in the C⋮N stretching frequencies for these materials indicate complex formation between the anion [N(CN)2]- and AlCl3 molecule. Ab initio calculations confirm the assignments of the vibrational frequencies. The 1:1 adduct has a glass transition at 27 °C, and the glassy state persists for 4 weeks at room temperature. The room temperature ionic conductivity of this glass is 6.6 × 10-6 S/cm, and it increases as the AlCl3 content increases. The temperature dependence of the conductivity follows the Vogel−Tamman−Fulcher equation, suggesting that ion transport is coupled to local motion in the glassy salt mixture system.
Manipulating the distribution of electric field intensity to effectively enhance the spatial and spectral fluorescence intensity of fluorescent nanodiamonds (2018)

Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) having nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers have drawn much attention for their biocompatibility and stable optical properties. Nevertheless, the NV centers are located in the interior of the FNDs, and it has not been possible to increase the fluorescence intensity of FNDs efficiently using previously developed enhancement methods. In this paper, we present a simple nanocavity structure that enhances the fluorescence intensity of FNDs. The designed Al/SiO2 nanocavities are stable and inexpensive, and provide a large region for efficient enhancement of fluorescence that can cover most 100 nm FNDs. By tuning the thickness of the capping SiO2 layer of the Al/SiO2 nanocavities, the distributions of both the spatial and spectral electric field intensities of the FNDs could be controlled and manipulated. In general, the FNDs were excited using a green-yellow laser; the broadband fluorescence of the FNDs comprised the emissions from neutral (NV0) and negatively charged (NV-) NV centers. To enhance the fluorescence intensity from the NV- centers of the FNDs, we designed an Al/70 nm SiO2 nanocavity to function at excitation and emission wavelengths of 633 and 710 nm, respectively, allowing the NV- centers to be excited efficiently; as a result, we achieved an enhancement in fluorescence intensity of 11.2-fold. Moreover, even when we covered 100 nm FNDs with polyglycerol (forming p-FND), the fluorescence intensities of the p-FND particles placed on the nanocavities remained greatly enhanced.
Total Synthesis of a Pyrrolidin‐2‐one with the Structure Proposed for the Alkaloid Rigidiusculamide A (2013)

Abstract The total synthesis of the pyrrolidinone alkaloid rigidiusculamide A is reported starting from L ‐tyrosine, using amidation, ring‐closing metathesis, and dihydroxylation as the key reactions.