gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Session - Sensors 1 Title: Location, Location, Location - Antenna Installation (2011)

To ensure optimal performance of the positioning system, a suitable antenna needs to be chosen and installed in an un-obstructed location to provide clear visibility of the sky. By the time the signals arrive at the vessel antenna they are weak which makes them susceptible to interference, whether intentional or unintentional, so again location of the antenna is important as is the choice of an appropriate antenna. This paper will examine the factors that should be considered for installing any antenna associated with a positioning system. It not only considers the physical location to prevent blockage or interference but addresses other areas that can often be overlooked but which can have implications on the installation and performance of the system. Examples include cable type and length of cable run, lighting protection and even the selection of the most appropriate antenna. An overview of antenna design will be presented to highlight some of the issues that are faced when using multi-constellation GNSS or combined GNSS/L-band antennas which can impact system performance through multipath, signal to noise or interference. Another topic covered is that of GNSS interference which is something that is gaining more press coverage with stories about the availability of low-cost jammers and wireless broadband networks and the impact on GPS. It will consider un-intentional and intentional interference in the offshore environment using real world case studies to highlight the impact on positioning and how a systematic approach was used to identify the source of interference. The paper will look at some of the research and development being conducted into the field of antenna and receiver design to help protect GNSS receivers from interference. Finally, consideration of multi-antenna systems and additional sensors may help mitigate any potential issues to provide the user with a reliable position will be examined.
Explanation for building energy prediction (2020)

Explainable AI is a technology field that has recently emerged. Currently, deep learning technology shows high accuracy in many areas. However, despite its high accuracy, there are areas where technology cannot be utilized without sufficient explanation of the results. In medicine, credit rating, and criminal fields, it is difficult to apply technology in practice without sufficient explanation of the results. This paper gives an explanation of the results of the energy demand prediction model by using feature importance and attention mechanism. The model used is seq2seq model, and the dataset used the data set generated by energyPlus™ based on the actual data.
Elevated levels of FN1 and CCL2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from sarcoidosis patients (2016)

Applying a high throughput proteomics screening technique, we found proteins of potential clinical relevance in the context of sarcoidosis.
Quadruple hydrogen bonded oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) dimers (2000)

Direct self-assembly of π-conjugated oligomers via self-complementary quadruple hydrogen bonding is achieved and the first steps towards supramolecular polymers with functional side chains are described.
Measurement of neutron-proton capture in the SNO+ water phase (2020)

The $\mathrm{SNO}+$ experiment collected data as a low-threshold water Cherenkov detector from September 2017 to July 2019. Measurements of the 2.2-MeV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$'s produced by neutron capture on hydrogen were made using an Am-Be calibration source, for which a large fraction of emitted neutrons are produced simultaneously with a 4.4-MeV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. Analysis of the delayed coincidence between the 4.4-MeV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the 2.2-MeV capture $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ revealed a neutron detection efficiency that is centered around 50% and varies at the level of 1% across the inner region of the detector, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency achieved among pure water Cherenkov detectors. In addition, the neutron capture time constant was measured and converted to a thermal neutron-proton capture cross section of $336.{3}_{\ensuremath{-}1.5}^{+1.2}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{mb}$.
ChemInform Abstract: New Trialkylsilyl Enol Ether Chemistry: Intramolecular (2 + 2) Cyclizations of β‐Amido Triisopropylsilyl Enol Ethers. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deposition of C3, the terminal complement complex and vitronectin in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (1993)

Characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are bile duct destruction and portal inflammation. Increased levels of circulating complement activation products are also present. This raises the possibility of involvement of complement-dependent cytotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis. Therefore, we investigated liver biopsy specimens from 21 patients with PBC, six patients with PSC and six controls for complement deposits by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against C3d, the terminal complement complex (TCC) and vitronectin (S-protein). We found C3d, TCC and vitronectin deposits only in the portal tracts. C3d and TCC were present in the walls of the hepatic arteries and in the connective tissue stroma but never around the bile ducts. We found vitronectin deposits throughout the connective tissue, often independent of the TCC deposits. When vitronectin and TCC were co-localized, the staining patterns were inverse; that is, intense staining for TCC accompanied weak staining for vitronectin and vice versa. Occasionally complete dissociation between TCC and vitronectin staining was observed. Deposits of TCC and vitronectin showed a focal distribution leaving many portal tracts free of TCC. Our results question whether complement-dependent cytotoxic mechanisms take part in the bile duct destruction in PBC and PSC.
Ylide-Functionalized Phosphine (YPhos) Platinum Complexes: Synthesis and Application in Hydrosilylations under Mild Conditions (2023)

In the past years, highly electron-donating ligands have emerged as advantageous for the development of high-performance platinum catalysts for hydrosilylation reactions. In this work, we report on platinum precatalysts based on our recently introduced ylide-substituted phosphines (YPhos). Because of the high electron-donating ability and steric demand of the YPhos ligands, these complexes are in contrast to Karstedt’s catalysts stable under ambient conditions but still enable high activities and selectivities in the hydrosilylation of both alkenes and amides at low catalyst loadings and under mild reaction conditions.
Chemokine receptor CXCR3 facilitates CD8+ T cell differentiation into short-lived effector cells leading to memory degeneration (159.6) (2011)

Abstract Strength of inflammatory stimuli during the early expansion phase plays a crucial role in effector and memory cell fate-decision of CD8+ T cells. But it is not known how early lymphocyte distribution after infection impacts this process. Here we demonstrate that chemokine receptor CXCR3 is involved in CD8 T-cell commitment to effector rather than memory fates by regulating T-cell recruitment to an antigen/inflammation site. After systemic viral (VV-OVA) and bacterial (LM-OVA) infection, contraction of CXCR3KO antigen-specific CD8 T cells is significantly attenuated, resulting in massive accumulation of fully functional memory CD8 T cells. Unlike WT cells, CXCR3KO antigen-specific CD8 T cells fail to cluster early after infection at the marginal zone in the spleen, where inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and IFNα are abundant, thus receiving relatively weak inflammatory stimuli. Consequently, CXCR3KO CD8 T cells exhibit shortened expression of CD25, and preferentially differentiate into memory precursor effector cells as opposed to WT CD8 T cells. This series of events has important implications for development of vaccination strategies to generate increased numbers of antigen-specific memory CD8 T cells via inhibition of CXCR3-mediated T-cell migration to inflamed microenvironments.
Isotopically selective photoionization of mercury atoms (1983)

Isotopically selective resonance ionization of mercury atoms has been accomplished by three-step excitation via the 6 3P1 and 8 1S0 excited states. Three collinear beams, respectively 254, 286, and 532 nm, from two dye lasers and a pulsed neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (ND:YAG) pump laser, were passed through a closed mercury vapor cell containing electrodes to which the ions were drawn by an electric field. The ion current and the 254-nm fluorescence radiation were measured as a function of laser wavelengths. Hyperfine structures for the 254- and 286-nm transitions were observed.
DynAMITe: a prototype large area CMOS APS for breast cancer diagnosis using x-ray diffraction measurements (2012)

X-ray diffraction studies are used to identify specific materials. Several laboratory-based x-ray diffraction studies were made for breast cancer diagnosis. Ideally a large area, low noise, linear and wide dynamic range digital x-ray detector is required to perform x-ray diffraction measurements. Recently, digital detectors based on Complementary Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor (CMOS) Active Pixel Sensor (APS) technology have been used in x-ray diffraction studies. Two APS detectors, namely Vanilla and Large Area Sensor (LAS), were developed by the Multidimensional Integrated Intelligent Imaging (MI-3) consortium to cover a range of scientific applications including x-ray diffraction. The MI-3 Plus consortium developed a novel large area APS, named as Dynamically Adjustable Medical Imaging Technology (DynAMITe), to combine the key characteristics of Vanilla and LAS with a number of extra features. The active area (12.8 &times; 13.1 cm<sup>2</sup>) of DynaMITe offers the ability of angle dispersive x-ray diffraction (ADXRD). The current study demonstrates the feasibility of using DynaMITe for breast cancer diagnosis by identifying six breast-equivalent plastics. Further work will be done to optimize the system in order to perform ADXRD for identification of suspicious areas of breast tissue following a conventional mammogram taken with the same sensor.
Rapid myelin water imaging for the assessment of cervical spinal cord myelin damage (2019)

GRASE is sufficiently sensitive to detect decreased myelin within MS spinal cord plaques, NMO lesions, and PLS diffuse spinal cord injury. Decreased MWF in PLS is consistent with demyelination secondary to motor neuron degeneration. GRASE MWI is a feasible method for rapid assessment of myelin content in the cervical spinal cord and provides complementary information to that of DTI and qT<sub>1</sub> measures.
Cascade of Transitions of Polyelectrolytes in Poor Solvents (1996)

We develop a scaling model for the dilute solution conformation of a uniformly charged polymer in a poor solvent. We find that there is a range of temperatures and charge densities for which the polymer has a necklace-like shape with compact beads joined by narrow strings. The free energy of a polyelectrolyte in this conformation is lower than in a cylindrical globule because the length of the necklace is larger than that of a cylinder and is proportional to the total charge on the chain. With changing charge on the chain or temperature, the polyelectrolyte undergoes a cascade of abrupt transitions between necklaces with different numbers of beads.
The helicase domain of the TMV replicase proteins induces the N‐mediated defence response in tobacco (1999)

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) induces the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco plants containing the N gene. This defence response is characterized by cell death at the site of virus infection and inhibition of viral replication and movement. A previous study indicated that a portion of the TMV replicase containing a putative helicase domain is involved in HR induction. Here, this observation is confirmed and extended by showing that non-viral expression of a 50 kDa TMV helicase fragment (p50) is sufficient to induce the N-mediated HR in tobacco. Like the HR elicited by TMV infection, transgenic expression of p50 induces a temperature-sensitive defence response. We demonstrate that recombinant p50 protein has ATPase activity, as suggested by the presence of conserved sequence motifs found in ATPase/helicase enzymes. A point mutation that alters one of these motifs abolishes ATPase activity in vitro but does not affect HR induction. These results suggest that features of the TMV helicase domain, independent of its enzymatic activity, are recognized by N-containing tobacco to induce TMV resistance.
Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid in asthma (1988)

The role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and clinical asthma is currently unknown. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the diet of humans has been shown to generate metabolites that are less potent than their arachidonic acid counterparts. The substitution of EPA for arachidonic acid metabolites in patients might cause a decrease in airway inflammation and an improvement in clinical asthma. We studied the effect of addition of EPA to the diet of twelve asthmatic patients. Standard clinical evaluations and pulmonary function tests were done on weeks 0, 3, 6, 10, 12 and 14. Patients ingested either low-dose EPA (0.1 g/day) or high-dose EPA (4.0 g/day) from weeks 6-14 (total of 8 weeks). There was no difference in clinical status or pulmonary function between groups at the start of the study. There was no change in clinical status or pulmonary function between or within groups at the end of 8 weeks of EPA ingestion.
Demonstration of a fourth order polarimeter using quadratic nonlinear detection (2004)

We demonstrate a device that measures the fourth order polarization coherency matrix using a quadratic nonlinear detector. The device is shown to distinguish different PMD states in pulse trains with the same SOP.
CFP-10 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Selectively Activates Human Neutrophils through a Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive Chemotactic Receptor (2014)

Upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, neutrophils are massively recruited to the lungs, but the role of these cells in combating the infection is poorly understood. Through a type VII secretion system, M. tuberculosis releases a heterodimeric protein complex, containing a 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) and a 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP-10), that is essential for virulence. Whereas the ESAT-6 component possesses multiple virulence-related activities, no direct biological activity of CFP-10 has been shown, and CFP-10 has been described as a chaperone protein for ESAT-6. We here show that the ESAT-6:CFP-10 complex induces a transient release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in human neutrophils. Surprisingly, CFP-10 rather than ESAT-6 was responsible for triggering the Ca(2+) response, in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner, suggesting the involvement of a G-protein-coupled receptor. In line with this, the response was accompanied by neutrophil chemotaxis and activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH-oxidase. Neutrophils were unique among leukocytes in responding to CFP-10, as monocytes and lymphocytes failed to produce a Ca(2+) signal upon stimulation with the M. tuberculosis protein. Hence, CFP-10 may contribute specifically to neutrophil recruitment and activation during M. tuberculosis infection, representing a novel biological role for CFP-10 in the ESAT-6:CFP-10 complex, beyond the previously described chaperone function.
The plant calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK3 phosphorylates REM1.3 to restrict viral infection (2017)

Abstract Plants respond to pathogens through dynamic regulation of plasma membrane-bound signaling pathways. To date, how the plant plasma membrane is involved in responses to viruses is mostly unknown. Here, we show that plant cells sense the Potato virus X (PVX) COAT PROTEIN and TRIPLE GENE BLOCK 1 proteins and subsequently trigger the activation of a membrane-bound calcium-dependent kinase. We show that the Arabidopsis thaliana CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 3-interacts with group 1 REMORINs in vivo , phosphorylates the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the Group 1 REMORIN REM1.3, and restricts PVX cell-to-cell movement. REM1.3-s phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and is crucial for REM1.3-dependent restriction of PVX cell-to-cell movement by regulation of callose deposition at plasmodesmata. This study unveils plasma membrane nanodomain-associated molecular events underlying the plant immune response to viruses.
Yarn ball polymer microstructures: A structural transition phenomenon induced by an electric field (2000)

We report on an unusual polymer “yarn ball” microstructure that is created through a template-based synthetic process involving reactive mesogens. We present experimental results of a unique structural transition of the yarn ball when subjected to an electric field, and describe this transition with a modified elastic theory. We model the interactions of the mesogenic thread segments that comprise the yarn ball in terms of mean-field theory by introducing an intersegment potential.
Ultrastructural and Functional Studies on Human Platelets Incubated with Diclofenac Sodium (Voltaren) (1982)

The in vitro effect of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) on the ultrastructure of healthy donors' platelets was examined and compared with those induced by aspirin (ASA). In distinction to ASA, which causes loss of platelet pseudopodia, Voltaren induced an increase and marked elongation of these pseudopodia. The implication of this finding in the explanation of the decreased platelet aggregation caused by the drug is discussed. Voltaren increased the phagocytotic activity of the individual platelet, although the overall ability of the cells to phagocytize latex particles was not markedly increased. Platelets incubated with Voltaren showed a decrease in their total protein synthesizing capacity. Voltaren did not exert any effect on the internal ultrastructure, platelet factor 3, and calcium content of the incubated platelets.
Mechanism of racemization of amino acids by aspartate aminotransferase (1992)

Aspartate aminotransferase (mitochondrial isoenzyme from chicken) has been found to racemize very slowly dicarboxylic amino acid substrates in the presence of their cognate oxo acids [Kochhar, S. & Christen, P. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 175, 433-438]. Tyrosine, phenylalanine and alanine are racemized at the same rate although they undergo the transamination reaction 3-5 orders of magnitude more slowly than the dicarboxylic substrates. Similarly, the truncated enzyme aspartate aminotransferase-(27/32-410) catalyzes the racemization at the same rate as the native enzyme, while its rate of transamination is decreased to 3% of that of the native enzyme. Apparently, the rate-limiting step in racemization is not immediately linked to the transamination cycle. Decreasing the water concentration in the reaction medium by adding methanol at 0 degrees C drastically reduces the rate of racemization without affecting the rate of transamination. On the basis of these and additional kinetic data and the model of the three-dimensional structure of the active site, we conclude that a water molecule is responsible for the protonation of C alpha of the coenzyme-substrate intermediate from the wrong side. The diffusion of the water molecule into the interior of the enzyme appears to be the rate-limiting step in aspartate-aminotransferase-catalyzed racemization.
134-μm Nd:YVO_4 laser mode-locked by SHG-lens formation in periodically-poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (2011)

Self-starting, steady-state χ((2))-lens mode-locking of a 1.34-μm diode-pumped Nd:YVO(4) laser using intracavity second harmonic generation in PPMgSLT is demonstrated. Pulses as short as 3.6 ps with an average output power of ~1 W are obtained at a repetition rate of 120 MHz.
Non-invasive dry mass determination and monitoring at the single cell level with digital holographic microscopy (2008)

Digital holography microscopy (DHM) is an optical microscopy technique which allows recording non-invasively the phase shift induced by living cells with nanometric sensitivity. Here, we exploit the phase signal as an indicator of dry mass (related to the protein concentration). This parameter allows monitoring the protein production rate and its evolution during the cell cycle.
Development and Assessment of a Pooled Serum as Candidate Standard to Measure Influenza A Virus Group 1 Hemagglutinin Stalk-Reactive Antibodies (2020)

The stalk domain of the hemagglutinin has been identified as a target for induction of protective antibody responses due to its high degree of conservation among numerous influenza subtypes and strains. However, current assays to measure stalk-based immunity are not standardized. Hence, harmonization of assay readouts would help to compare experiments conducted in different laboratories and increase confidence in results. Here, serum samples from healthy individuals (<i>n</i> = 110) were screened using a chimeric cH6/1 hemagglutinin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that measures stalk-reactive antibodies. We identified samples with moderate to high IgG anti-stalk antibody levels. Likewise, screening of the samples using the mini-hemagglutinin (HA) headless construct #4900 and analysis of the correlation between the two assays confirmed the presence and specificity of anti-stalk antibodies. Additionally, samples were characterized by a cH6/1N5 virus-based neutralization assay, an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay, and competition ELISAs, using the stalk-reactive monoclonal antibodies KB2 (mouse) and CR9114 (human). A "pooled serum" (PS) consisting of a mixture of selected serum samples was generated. The PS exhibited high levels of stalk-reactive antibodies, had a cH6/1N5-based neutralization titer of 320, and contained high levels of stalk-specific antibodies with ADCC activity. The PS, along with blinded samples of varying anti-stalk antibody titers, was distributed to multiple collaborators worldwide in a pilot collaborative study. The samples were subjected to different assays available in the different laboratories, to measure either binding or functional properties of the stalk-reactive antibodies contained in the serum. Results from binding and neutralization assays were analyzed to determine whether use of the PS as a standard could lead to better agreement between laboratories. The work presented here points the way towards the development of a serum standard for antibodies to the HA stalk domain of phylogenetic group 1.
Measuring perceived clutter in concept diagrams (2016)

Clutter in a diagram can be broadly defined as how visually complex the diagram is. It may be that different users perceive clutter in different ways, however. Moreover, it has been shown that, for certain types of diagrams and tasks, an increase in clutter negatively affects task performance, making quantifying clutter an important problem. In this paper we investigate the perceived clutter in concept diagrams, a visual language used for representing ontologies. Using perceptual theory and existing research on clutter for other diagrams, we propose five plausible measures for assigning clutter scores to concept diagrams. By performing an empirical study we evaluated each of these proposed measures against participants' rankings of diagrams. Whilst more than one of our measures showed strong correlation with perceived clutter, our results suggest that a measure based on the number of points where lines cross is the most appropriate way to quantify clutter for concept diagrams.