gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acousto-optic phase modulator for single-mode fibres (1983)

A compact fibre-optic phase modulator with a single-mode fibre positioned along the axis of a cylindrical PZT acoustic transducer is investigated. The fibre is bonded inside a glass capillary tube, which is in turn epoxied inside the transducing cylinder to give a solid, mechanically stable structure. The maximum sensitivity of the phase shifter is 0.058 rad/V cm at 6.02 MHz. No polarisation modulation is observed.
The Treatment of the Carmack’s Copper-Gold Ore by Acid Leaching and Cyanide Leaching with SART Recovery of Copper and Cyanide from Barren Cyanide Solution (2008)

Western Copper's Carmacks copper-gold deposit in the Yukon Territory, Canada contains copper and gold values. The copper mineralization is oxidized and acid soluble, and the gold is free milling and may be extracted by cyanidation. The current treatment plan is to recover the copper by heap leaching, and SX/EW. The challenge of this deposit is to be able to economically extract the remaining gold. In this work, a series of tests were conducted to process a mineral sample for copper extraction by acid column leaching followed by cyanidation for gold extraction. The barren gold solution was then treated by the SART process (sulfidization, acidification, recycle, thickening) for copper recovery as copper sulfide and cyanide recycle. The results of this work were very encouraging with 65% direct copper extraction with acid and 76-82% Au extraction from the copper leach residue by cyanidation. Approximately 21-27% of the copper was co-extracted in cyanidation. SART treatment of the cyanide solution (after carbon adsorption) recovered greater than 95% of the copper as a synthetic copper sulfide precipitate. Additionally, a significant portion of the molybdenum in the ore also leached and was precipitated in the SART process. After filtration and re-neutralization, the recovered cyanide solution was suitable for recycling.
Local treatment of experimental colitis in the rat by negatively charged liposomes of catalase, TMN and SOD (2006)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), 4-amino tempol (tempamine, denoted as TMN) and catalase were encapsulated into negatively charged liposomes. The activity of the antioxidants against dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) induced colitis was tested in the rat and compared to the anti-inflammatory activity of the native enzymes and free TMN. Inflammation severity was assessed by monitoring tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) amounts and by comparing the weights of the dissected colons. In all cases, the liposomal preparations of the antioxidants were more effective than the free molecules in the treatment of the experimental colitis, probably due to the attachment of the negatively charged liposomes, and consequently a longer residence time and better uptake of the antioxidants to the inflamed mucosa. This study suggests that low and high molecular weight antioxidants delivered via anionic liposomes can serve as a novel targeted therapy to treat chronic inflammation of the colonic epithelium, such as ulcerative colitis.
Evaluation of Sarm1 Gene Deletion in a Mouse Model of Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy (S44.007) (2016)

OBJECTIVE: The goal of the study was to determine if genetic deletion of Sarm1 prevents vincristine-induced neuropathy in a mouse model. BACKGROUND: Vincristine is a chemotherapeutic agent that frequently causes peripheral neuropathy (VIPN). The central deficit in VIPN is axonal degeneration, for which no treatment currently exists. Loss of Sarm1 protects axons from acute degeneration in mice, indicating that inhibition of Sarm1 may have therapeutic value in patients with neuropathies. The goal of this study was to develop mouse models of VIPN and to test if knock-out (KO) of Sarm1 decreases axonal degeneration in these models. DESIGN/METHODS: Sarm KO mice and wild-type controls received weekly or twice weekly intraperitoneal injections of vincristine or vehicle for four weeks. Before and after chemotherapy, mice underwent nerve conduction studies and a battery of sensorimotor tests. Sensory, mixed and predominantly motor peripheral nerves at different proximal-distal levels were collected and evaluated with light and electron microscopy. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS: Four weekly intraperitoneal injections of 1mg/kg vincristine caused a small decrease in tail nerve amplitude and slight, but significant axon loss in the sural nerves. A more severe neuropathy was induced by eight twice-weekly injections of 1.5mg/kg vincristine, as revealed by a significant, distally pronounced loss in tail nerve amplitude, mild decrease in conduction velocity and significant axon loss in the nerves of the 3rd toe and the distal sural nerve. The proximal sural, tibial and sciatic nerves did not show axon loss, consistent with the development of a length-dependent, sensory predominant axonal polyneuropathy. Sarm1 KO mice had no significant decrease in tail amplitude or axon number in either mouse model of VIPN, indicating that Sarm1 is protective in VIPN in the mouse. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that targeting the Sarm1 pathway may be an effective strategy to treat vincristine-induced neuropathy.
Structural dependence of chemical durability in modified aluminoborate glasses (2019)

Alkali and alkaline earth aluminoborate glasses feature high resistance to cracking under sharp contact loading compared to other oxide glasses. However, due to the high content of hygroscopic B 2O 3, it is expected that applications of these glasses could be hindered by poor chemical durability in aqueous solutions. Indeed, the compositional and structural dependence of their dissolution kinetics remains unexplored. In this work, we correlate the dissolution rates of aluminoborate glasses in acidic, neutral, and basic solutions with the structural changes induced by varying the aluminum-to-boron ratio. In detail, we investigate a total of seventeen magnesium, lithium, and sodium aluminoborate glasses with fixed modifier content of 25 mol%. We show that the structural changes induced by alumina depend on the network modifier. We also demonstrate a correlation between the chemical durability at various pH values and the structural changes in Mg-, Li- and Na-aluminoborate glasses. The substitution of alumina by boron oxide leads to a general decrease in chemical corrosion in neutral and acidic solutions. The lowest dissolution rate value is observed in Mg-aluminoborate glasses, as a consequence of the intermediate character of magnesium which can increase the network cross-linking. For basic solutions, the chemical durability is almost constant for the different amount of alumina in the three series, likely because B 2O 3 is susceptible to nucleophilic attack, which is favored in high-OH − solutions.
Sintering Modeling of Thermal Barrier Coatings at Elevated Temperatures: A Review of Recent Advances (2021)

To achieve a higher efficiency in gas turbine engine by increasing the inlet-temperature of burning gas is one of the primary goals in aviation industry. The development of thermal barrier coating system (TBCs) continuously raises the inlet-temperature of gas turbine engine in the past decades. Due to the complexity of TBCs and harsh operation environments, the degradation and failure mechanisms of hot section components have not been fully understood, and consequently limits the application of TBCs. It was identified that high-temperature sintering of the topcoat in a typical TBC could be one of the major sources of its failure since the microstructures of the constituent coating layers evolve dynamically during the service period, resulting in significant changes of mechanical and thermal physical properties of the coating system. This paper intends to review recent advances of analytical and numerical modeling of sintering of topcoat in TBCs including the modeling methodology and applications of the models, particularly the implementation of finite element combined with specific materials constitutive functions. Critical remarks on the future development and applications of these models are also discussed in the end.
Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry in Low Temperature Matrices (1983)

Simplicity and spontaneity are two of the attractive features of many metal atom reactions which justify the prediction that synthetic inorganic chemistry at low temperatures will be an important technique in the next two decades. Pimentel,1 Skell,2 Timms,3 Green,4 Klabunde,5 Andrews,6 Ozin,7 and others have made significant contributions to this area. For over 15 years we have conducted research utilizing metal atoms in low temperature spectroscopic and synthetic studies at Rice University.8 Our synthetic work was started in the late 1960s with the work of Krishnan,9 on lithium atom reactions with carbon monoxide, extended by Meier10 in his studies of lithium atom reactions with water and ammonia and expanded over the next several years to include metal atom interactions with HF, H2O, H3N, H4C, and their hundreds of organic analogs--RF, R2O, ROH, R3N, . . . H3N, R4C, R3CH, etc.11-15 A most exciting aspect of metal atom chemistry seems to
Applications of optical analog computing (2002)

The following applications of optical correlator are discussed: measurement of velocity or displacement; velocimetry using a speckle pattern; particle image velocimetry; fingerprint identification; and high-speed shutter camera. >
SOFC interconnect barriers and methods of making same using masks (2023)

A novel method to produce thin films spatially disposed on desired areas of workpieces is disclosed. Examples of include the formation of a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) film formed on a desired portion of a stainless steel interconnect for solid oxide fuel cells by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). A number of methods to produce the spatially disposed YSZ film structures are described including polymeric and silicone rubber masks. The thin film structures have utility for preventing the reaction of glasses with metals, in particular alkali-earth containing glasses with ferritic stainless steels, allowing high temperature bonding of these materials.
Panneaux prefabriques de facades en beton de sable renforce de fibre de fonte amorphe (2000)

Aujourd'hui, le logement beneficie peu du fort developpement des qualites des betons. Nous abordons dans cette etude le cas particulier de la facade avec comme objectif, celui de realiser un panneau de facade mince en beton de sable renforce de fibres. Nos travaux ont ete menes en trois etapes, la definition d'un panneau type, la formulation du materiau puis la validation du concept sur un element maquette de dimensions representatives. Nous avons pu demontrer la faisabilite en situation proche d'une situation industrielle d'elements minces nervures en beton de sable renforces de fibres de fonte amorphe. L'optimisation de la formule du beton permet d'eviter les problemes de malaxage, meme avec un fort dosage en fibre et fourni un beton presentant une tres bonne aptitude a la mise en oeuvre. Toutes les performances requises pour ce type de panneau ont pu etre validees (mecaniques, chocs, impermeabilite). En outre, la conformite avec le reglement acoustique de ce concept de panneau a pu etre verifie par calcul.
P5.2 Gear-Oil Condition Classification by Means of Support Vector Machine, a first approach (2012)

1. Abstract During the last years the amount of energy gained from renewable energy sources was steadily increasing and this is still under development. A big role is played by offshore wind parks, which use the wind energy over the see for electricity generation. In order to reduce the high maintaining costs of these plants, different online condition monitoring systems are currently being developed. Especially condition monitoring of gear-oils promises to have an important impact on such maintaining costs. A well-known off-line method for gear-oil quality monitoring is based on the evaluation of their Infrared (IR) spectra. The analysis of IR spectra, which is performed in specialized laboratories together with other chemical and mechanical tests, is a common tool for lubricant quality evaluation. Important oil parameters affect the IR spectra and can be therefore deduced and classified by spectral analysis. A significant parameter is the Total Acid Number (TAN). The importance of the TAN value lies in its relation with the oil’s “age”. In this paper, a preliminary study of gear-oil classification by means of TAN in combination with Support Vector Machines (SVMs) is presented. The Mid-Infrared-spectra (MIR-spectra) of three commercially used gear-oils, a mineral and two synthetic ones, were analyzed and classified according to the range of their TAN value. The classification was performed using up to five classes and tested using full cross validation. The classification results were compared using different kernel functions. The robustness against noise is tested by adding different noise levels to the spectra before classification. This latter leads to a first feasibility check for classifying spectra gained in field application, under rough conditions.
Distributed training system with high-resolution deformable virtual models (2005)

Virtual environments (VEs) allow the development of promising tools in several application domains. In medical training, the learning potential of VE is significantly amplified by the capability of the tools to present 3D deformable models in real-time. This paper presents a distributed software architecture that allows visualization of a 3D deformable lungs model superimposed on a human patient simulator at several remote trainee locations. The paper presents the integration of deformable 3D anatomical models in a distributed software architecture targeted towards medical prognostics and training, as well as the assessment of the shared state consistency across multiple users. The results of the assessment prove that with delay compensation, the distributed interactive VE prototype achieves high levels of shared state consistency.
Single-frequency mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator source for coherent laser radar (2001)

We report on the design and characterization of a highly coherent mid-IR source at 3.57mum based on a single-frequency optical parametric oscillator. Detailed frequency and amplitude noise spectra have been measured. The rms intensity noise from 1.2 to 1000 Hz was 0.03%, and a rms frequency drift of 8 kHz in 1 ms was observed. We have also demonstrated the utility of this source for coherent laser radar applications by measuring micro-Doppler spectra from vibrating targets.
Post-procedural evaluation of catheter contact force characteristics (2012)

Minimally invasive catheter ablation of electric foci, performed in electrophysiology labs, is an attractive treatment option for atrial fibrillation (AF) - in particular if drug therapy is no longer effective or tolerated. There are different strategies to eliminate the electric foci inducing the arrhythmia. Independent of the particular strategy, it is essential to place transmural lesions. The impact of catheter contact force on the generated lesion quality has been investigated recently, and first results are promising. There are different approaches to measure catheter-tissue contact. Besides traditional haptic feedback, there are new technologies either relying on catheter tip-to-tissue contact force or on local impedance measurements at the tip of the catheter. In this paper, we present a novel tool for post-procedural ablation point evaluation and visualization of contact force characteristics. Our method is based on localizing ablation points set during AF ablation procedures. The 3-D point positions are stored together with lesion specific catheter contact force (CF) values recorded during the ablation. The force records are mapped to the spatial 3-D positions, where the energy has been applied. The tracked positions of the ablation points can be further used to generate a 3-D mesh model of the left atrium (LA). Since our approach facilitates visualization of different force characteristics for post-procedural evaluation and verification, it has the potential to improve outcome by highlighting areas where lesion quality may be less than desired.
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP) Accelerates Soluble RANKL Signals for Downregulation of Osteogenesis of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2019)

A recent study reported the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) surface that negatively regulates osteogenesis of MSCs. Empirical evidence from the previous study confirmed the role of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in osteoblastogenesis. However, it is necessary to understand the paracrine role of PTHrP and RANKL for osteogenesis in order to explore the hidden secrets in bone biology. Considering the above concept, paracrine cues of soluble-receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL) and PTHrP in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs were investigated. Our results confirmed that sRANKL increased the expression of surface-RANK in MSCs at the earlier stage of osteogenesis, which was downregulated later in differentiated MSCs. In contrast, RANKL expression was low at the earlier stage of MSCs proliferation and high at the differentiation stage of MSCs, which may play a fundamental role in osteoclast formation. sRANKL downregulated osteogenesis of MSCs by decreasing progressive ankylosis (ANK) protein expression while PTHrP upregulated the osteogenic exploitive effect of sRANKL. Interestingly, when they were co-cultured with MSCs, T-lymphocytes expressed high membrane-RANKL levels that contribute to osteogenesis inhibition during MSC differentiation. Thus, our results disclose that sRANKL treatment downregulates osteogenesis of MSCs by increasing RANK expression at the earlier stage of differentiation and by inhibiting ANK. Further, we demonstrated that PTHrP accelerated the downregulating osteogenic effect of sRANKL.
Co-design of a differential transimpedance amplifier and balanced photodetector for a sub-pJ/bit silicon photonics receiver (2020)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a fully differential optical receiver, which is aimed for short reach intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) transceiver links. A Si-Ge balanced photodetector (PD) has been co-designed and packaged with a novel differential transimpedance amplifier (TIA). The TIA design is realized with a standard 28 nm CMOS process and operates with a standard digital supply (1V). Without using any equalization or DSP techniques, the proposed receiver can operate up to 54 Gb/s with a BER less than the KP4 limit (2.2×10<sup>-4</sup>) under an optical modulation amplitude (OMA) of -8.6 dBm, while the power efficiency has been optimized to 0.55 pJ/bit (0.98 pJ/bit if output buffer is included).
Decoding-Aided Parameter Estimation for Interference Cancellation and Suppression Receivers in LTE-Advanced Systems (2015)

Parameter estimation of interfering signals transmitted by neighboring cells has become one of the important signal processing problems for Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) systems. Knowledge of the interfering signal parameters is required to improve the downlink performance in interference-limited scenarios by providing estimated parameters to non-linear interference cancellation and suppression receivers, such as maximum likelihood (ML) and symbol-level interference cancellation (SLIC). In this paper, we consider the problem of interfering signal parameter estimation (blind detection) in the presence of the useful signal with known parameters transmitted by the serving cell. To improve the performance of parameter estimation, soft cancellation of the serving signal after linear Minimum Mean Squared Error Interference Rejection Combining (MMSE-IRC) and turbo decoding is proposed. The parameters of the interfering signals such as precoding vectors, number of spatial layers and power boosting are estimated after soft compensation of the useful signal and are subsequently used in non-linear receivers to improve interference cancellation and suppression efficiency. The results show that such approach for parameter estimation provides performance for non-linear interference cancellation and suppression receivers close to the ideal system where interfering signal parameters are perfectly known.
The H4b Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Is Caused by a Combination of Genetically Determined and Posttranslational Modifications (2003)

Minor histocompatibility (H) Ag disparities result in graft-vs-host disease and chronic solid allograft rejection in MHC-identical donor-recipient combinations. Minor H Ags are self protein-derived peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. Most arise as a consequence of allelic variation in the bound peptide (p) that results in TCR recognizing the p/MHC as foreign. We used a combinational peptide screening approach to identify the immune dominant H2K(b)-restricted epitope defining the mouse H4(b) minor H Ag. H4(b) is a consequence of a P3 threonine to isoleucine change in the MHC-bound peptide derived from epithelial membrane protein-3. This allelic variation also leads to phosphorylation of the H4(b) but not the H4(a) epitope. Further, ex vivo CD8(+) T lymphocytes bind phosphorylated Ag tetramers with high efficiency. Although we document the above process in the minor H Ag system, posttranslational modifications made possible by subtle amino acid changes could also contribute to immunogenicity and immune dominance in tumor immunotherapeutic settings.
Opposing Effects of Androgen Deprivation and Targeted Therapy on Prostate Cancer Prevention (2012)

Chemoprevention with antiandrogen therapies is attractive for prostate cancer, given its prevalence and established hormonally mediated pathogenesis. However, because PTEN loss has been found in 9% to 45% of HG-PIN in the clinic, the current findings suggest that patients with PTEN-deficient prostate tumors might be better treated with PI3K-targeted therapies.
An Antibody-Catalyzed Isomerization Reaction (1996)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated against the coplanar transition state (TS⧧) analogue 1 and assayed for their ability to catalyze the isomerization of bridged biphenyls 4, 6, and 7. This is a relatively simple unimolecular reaction whose activation barrier arises from unfavorable steric interactions between the two benzylic methylene groups and strain in the bridging ring system. Seven mAbs were found that catalyzed the isomerization of 4 to 6; the most efficient (mAb 64D8E10) has kcat and KM values of 4.3 × 10-5 s-1 and 420 μM, respectively. This corresponds to a rate enhancement over the unimolecular uncatalyzed reaction (kcat/kuncat) of 2900. The dissociation constant for the TS⧧ analogue, Kd, was determined to be 210 nM. For both the antibody (64D8E10) catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions, the free energy of activation (ΔG⧧) is comprised largely of the enthalpy term; the antibody decreases the enthalpy of activation by 5 kcal/mol. Despite relatively large differences in the values of kcat/kuncat for the five antibodies, the ratios of Kd to KM(4) are very similar. It is likely that the antibodies catalyze this reaction by reducing both ring strain and nonbonded steric interactions in the transition state.
Zero-bias GaAsSb/InAlAs/InGaAs tunnel diode detectors for 220&#x2013;330 GHz range (2014)

This presentation describes on-wafer characterization of GaAsSb/InAlAs/InGaAs tunnel diodes for direct detection in 220–330GHz band. Voltage sensitivity above 1000V/W was measured in 0.8μm×0.8μm mesa device at room temperature. The detectors demonstrated enhanced temperature stability of the characteristics compared to zero-bias Schottky barrier diodes. The estimated variations of the zero-bias sensitivity at temperatures from 17K to 300K were less than 2dB.