gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting RFI Through Integrity Monitoring at a DGPS Reference Station (2005)

Because GPS is a radio navigation system which has a very low power level, it is vulnerable to RFI. Excessive RFI could cause receiver performance degradation, such as degradation of position accuracy, loss of lock and increased acquisition time. After GPS modernization plans introduce dual-frequency civil signals to mitigate ionospheric errors, RFI will remain as one of the dominant threats for differential GPS navigation systems. Examples of safety-critical civil aviation and military missions threatened by RFI include the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) and the Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS). This paper focuses on RFI mitigation through integrity monitoring for a DGPS system like LAAS or JPALS. The mitigation strategy consists of two parts. First, the paper develops a new RFI detection method, using a raw divergence statistic. Second, the paper investigates strategies for maintaining integrity in the case that RFI is detected.To validate the utility of the divergence-based RFI monitor, this paper takes an experimental approach. The experiments assess the performance of the divergence metric and compare it to existing alternatives for RFI detection, such as metrics for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) and carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0). Generating a monitoring threshold for these statistics proves challenging, because the threshold depends both on the type of RFI threat (e.g. continuous wave, narrow band, wideband, pulsed) and on environmental conditions, such as temperature. As experiments illustrate, the divergence statistic resolves these limitations, as divergence directly estimates ranging source error, independent of the type of RFI threat or the environmental conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolin‐3‐ones. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Al-2.125 Soft Bake (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Knowledge-based matrix factorization temporally resolves the cellular responses to IL-6 stimulation (2010)

External stimulations of cells by hormones, cytokines or growth factors activate signal transduction pathways that subsequently induce a re-arrangement of cellular gene expression. The analysis of such changes is complicated, as they consist of multi-layered temporal responses. While classical analyses based on clustering or gene set enrichment only partly reveal this information, matrix factorization techniques are well suited for a detailed temporal analysis. In signal processing, factorization techniques incorporating data properties like spatial and temporal correlation structure have shown to be robust and computationally efficient. However, such correlation-based methods have so far not be applied in bioinformatics, because large scale biological data rarely imply a natural order that allows the definition of a delayed correlation function. We therefore develop the concept of graph-decorrelation. We encode prior knowledge like transcriptional regulation, protein interactions or metabolic pathways in a weighted directed graph. By linking features along this underlying graph, we introduce a partial ordering of the features (e.g. genes) and are thus able to define a graph-delayed correlation function. Using this framework as constraint to the matrix factorization task allows us to set up the fast and robust graph-decorrelation algorithm (GraDe). To analyze alterations in the gene response in IL-6 stimulated primary mouse hepatocytes, we performed a time-course microarray experiment and applied GraDe. In contrast to standard techniques, the extracted time-resolved gene expression profiles showed that IL-6 activates genes involved in cell cycle progression and cell division. Genes linked to metabolic and apoptotic processes are down-regulated indicating that IL-6 mediated priming renders hepatocytes more responsive towards cell proliferation and reduces expenditures for the energy metabolism. GraDe provides a novel framework for the decomposition of large-scale 'omics' data. We were able to show that including prior knowledge into the separation task leads to a much more structured and detailed separation of the time-dependent responses upon IL-6 stimulation compared to standard methods. A Matlab implementation of the GraDe algorithm is freely available at http://cmb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/grade .
Systemic Dissemination of Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B Is Associated With Severe, Fatal Disease in Animal Models (2011)

Our study demonstrates the existence of a strong correlation between toxemia and the occurrence of systemic disease, supporting the hypothesis that systemic CDI is most likely due to the toxicity of TcdA and TcdB and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines by the toxins.
Effect of Medical Management and Residual Fragments on Recurrent Stone Formation Following Shock Wave Lithotripsy (1995)

Minimal emphasis has been placed on the clinical sequelae of residual stone fragments following shock wave lithotripsy. Moreover, there are no studies investigating the role of medical therapy on the course of stone disease in patients with residual fragments. In this retrospective, nonrandomized review, we evaluated 80 patients who had undergone shock wave lithotripsy at various institutions in Texas and were referred to our mineral metabolism clinic for metabolic evaluation and medical management of the stone disease. Of the patients 31 were determined to be stone-free following lithotripsy, while 49 had residual stone fragments. All patients were contacted an average of 43.2 months (range 9 to 79) following shock wave lithotripsy and the radiographs were reviewed. Patients were placed into 4 groups after shock wave lithotripsy: stone-free or residual fragments on or off medical therapy. In the stone-free group (19 patients), medical treatment produced a significant decrease in stone formation from a median of 0.67 to 0.0 stones per patient per year (p < 0.001). In 36 patients with residual fragments stone formation before shock wave lithotripsy was higher than in the stone-free group but there was also a significant decrease in the stone formation rate from a median of 2.47 to 0.00 stones per patient per year while on medical therapy (p < 0.001). Of the 12 stone-free patients who did not remain on medical therapy there was a slight decrease in the stone formation rate from a mean of 0.83 to 0.40 stones per patient per year, although this decrease was not significant (p = 0.07). In 13 patients with residual fragments not on medical treatment there was only a minimal decrease in the stone formation rate from a median of 1.33 to 0.77 stones per patient per year (p = 0.06). We also assessed the significance of so-called clinically insignificant residual fragments (smaller than 5 mm.) following shock wave lithotripsy in 26 of the 36 patients with residual fragments. More than half of the 26 patients with clinically insignificant fragments in the group that did not continue on medical therapy demonstrated significant stone growth during followup, suggesting that these fragments were not insignificant. Moreover, only 16% of the patients with fragments smaller than 5 mm. demonstrated an increase in fragment size while on medical therapy, again suggesting that appropriate medical treatment can decrease the risk of recurrent stone formation or growth (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Two fluid compartments in the renal inner medulla: a view through the keyhole of the concentrating process (2006)

Approximately four decades ago, the countercurrent theory became influential in studies on the concentrating process in the mammalian kidney. The theory successfully represented the concentrating process in the outer medulla, but the problem of the concentrating mechanism in the inner medulla, as defined by Homer Smith has remained essentially intractable. In a recent comprehensive review by Knepper and coworkers of various theories and models, attention was refocused on the possible role of hyaluronate (HA) in the inner medullary concentrating process. The authors proposed a hypothesis that HA can convert hydrostatic pressure to concentrating work.Here, we briefly survey the earlier ideas on the role imputed to HA and present a new hypothesis which is different from that of Knepper and coworkers. We estimate that the hydrostatic pressures available in the inner medulla can account only for a very small fraction of the concentrating work. We hypothesize that the role of HA is tied up with extravasated plasma albumin and suggest that owing to the property of HA solutions to exclude other macromolecules, extravasated plasma albumin and HA constitute two fluid compartments in the interstitium in the inner medulla. In this proposed two-compartment model, the Gibbs-Donnan distribution influences the movement of ions and water between the HA and the extravasated albumin compartment. To relate the hypothetical role of HA to the concentrating process, we briefly describe new results obtained by other investigators on the accumulation of urea in the inner medulla. This subject has been critically reviewed recently by Yang & Bankir.Many processes have been identified as contributing to the concentrating process in the mammalian inner medulla. We speculate that among these many processes, the primary responsibility for the final concentration of the excreted urine may be portioned out differently in different mammalian species.
SMS and one-time-password interception in LTE networks (2017)

The Interconnection network connects the communication networks themselves to each other enabling features such as roaming and data services between those said networks. It has been known since 2014 that using the legacy SS7 (Signaling System No. 7) protocol SMS based traffic can be intercepted. Network providers are now moving towards diameter based LTE networks with the hope that the additional security provided in that protocol also improves overall interconnection security. In this article we will show how SMS can be intercepted using diameter based networks independently of device or OS type. We will show the practical impact upon services such as those provided by Google, Microsoft, Twitter, etc. We will summarize the reaction of twitter to the responsible disclosure, potential countermeasures and future research outlook.
The Trityl Cation Catalyzed Michael Type Reaction of Stannylated Nucleophiles with Ethylthioketene Dithioacetals (1987)

Abstract In the presence of a catalytic amount of trityl salt, allylstannanes and stannylated enolates smoothly react with 2-(2-ethylthioalkylidene)-1,3-dithiolane, synthetic equivalent of α,β-unsaturated ester, to afford the corresponding adducts in good yields, respectively.
SENSIBILITÀ ALL’INTAGLIO - PROVE MECCANICHE IN INCONEL 718 (2008)

Sono stati analizzati i risultati di dieci anni di prove di collaudo condotte su campioni della superlega Inconel 718, utilizzata per dischi di turbine a gas. In particolare lo studio ha
riguardato ricerche di correlazione fra sensibilita all’intaglio e i risultati di varie prove meccaniche. Le indagini di tipo metallografico e frattografico parallelamente condotte hanno portato ulteriori indizi e permesso valutazioni su vari parametri derivabili dalle prove meccaniche. Una conferma sperimentale e stata ottenuta su tre nuove serie di campioni sottoposti ad appositi trattamenti termici per ottenere specifiche microstrutture.
The future of continuous renal replacement therapy (2021)

Over the last 40 years, acute renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care units (ICUs) of high-income countries has transitioned from the predominant use of intermittent hemodialysis (and the much less common use of peritoneal dialysis) to the almost exclusive use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Accordingly, CRRT has become the most common form of vital organ support delivered to critically ill patients. A series of clinical and technical advances has enabled the transformation of basic CRRT machines into highly sophisticated and customized devices. Recent work has focused on using evidence from clinical trials to enhance the application of CRRT with regard to timing of initiation, choice of modality, dose, and anticoagulation. However, many questions remain unanswered. Uncertainty surrounding volume control and the utility of strategies to minimize circulatory stress are key areas for future development. Advances in membrane technology, combination with other extracorporeal therapies, and personalization of CRRT delivery may provide additional benefit to certain subgroups. Development of quality metrics and use of data analytics to audit and benchmark could provide important insight into practice, while biofeedback and automated CRRT prescription could increase safety. In this review, we summarize the evolution of CRRT and highlight several future areas for development.
LOCALIZED CHANGES IN RETINAL VESSEL CALIBER AFTER FOCAL/GRID LASER TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA (2013)

The diameters of macular vessels decreased after focal/grid laser treatment in most eyes. In contrast, vessel calibers at the optic disk did not change. Quantitative measurement of macular vessels may allow physicians to monitor the progress and success of diabetic macular edema treatment.
Lack of repeatability of radiomic features derived from PET scans: Results from a 18F‐DCFPyL test–retest cohort (2023)

Many common radiomic features derived from a test-retest PET study had poor repeatability. Only Entropy and homogeneity achieved good repeatability, supporting the notion that those image biomarkers may be incorporated in future clinical trials. Those radiomic features based on high frequency aspects of images appear to lack the repeatability on PET to justify further study.
DECAY LENGTH ESTIMATION OF SINGLE-, TWO-, AND THREE-WIRE SYSTEMS ABOVE GROUND UNDER HEMP EXCITATION (2019)

Here, we analytically model single-, two-, and three-wires above ground to determine the decay lengths of common and differential modes induced by an E1 high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) excitation. Decay length information is pivotal to determine whether any two nodes in the power grid may be treated as uncoupled. We employ a frequency-domain method based on transmission line theory named ATLOG - Analytic Transmission Line Over Ground to model infinitely long and finite single wires, as well as solve the eigenvalue problem of a single-,two-, and three-wire system. Our calculations show that a single, semi-infinite power line can be approximated by a10 km section of line and that the second electrical reflection for all line lengths longer than the decay length are below half the rated operating voltage. Moreover, our findings show that the differential mode propagates longer distances than the common mode in two- and three-wire systems, and this should be taken into account when performing damage assessment from HEMP excitation. Furthermore, this analysis is a significant step toward simplifying the modeling of practical continental grid lengths, yet maintaining accuracy, a result of enormous impact.
Supplementary Figure 3 from First Evidence of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase Protein Expression and Activity Downregulation in Human Neoplasm: Implication for Resistance to Therapeutics in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 136K, The silencing of SphK2 activity does not sensitize to docetaxel nor to radiotherapy in PC-3 and C4-2B cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
eIF2β, a subunit of translation‐initiation factor EIF2, is a potential therapeutic target for non‐small cell lung cancer (2018)

To identify novel therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we conducted an integrative study in the following 3 stages: (i) identification of potential target gene(s) through shRNA functional screens in 2 independent NSCLC cell lines; (ii) validation of the clinical relevance of identified gene(s) using public databases; and (iii) investigation of therapeutic potential of targeting the identified gene(s) in vitro. A semi-genome-wide shRNA screen was performed in NCI-H358 cells, and was integrated with data from our previous screen in NCI-H460 cells. Among genes identified in shRNA screens, 24 were present in both NCI-H358 and NCI-H460 cells and were considered potential targets. Among the genes, we focused on eIF2β, which is a subunit of heterotrimeric G protein EIF2 and functions as a transcription initiation factor. The eIF2β protein is highly expressed in lung cancer cell lines compared with normal bronchial epithelial cells, and gene copy number analyses revealed that eIF2β is amplified in a subset of NSCLC cell lines. Gene expression analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset revealed that eIF2β expression is significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissues compared with corresponding normal lung tissues. Furthermore, high eIF2β expression was correlated with poor survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, as shown in other cohorts using publicly available online tools. RNAi-mediated depletion of eIF2β suppresses growth of lung cancer cells independently of p53 mutation status, in part through G1 cell cycle arrest. Our data suggest that eIF2β is a therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Research and Development of InP, GaN and InSb-Based HEMTs and MMICs for Terahertz-Wave Wireless Communications (2016)

We have improved the performances of InP-based HEMTs and MMICs for terahertz-wave wireless communications using a high frequency carrier wave around 300 GHz in an R&D program launched by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan (MIC). Furthermore, we also have developed GaN and InSb-based HEMTs in another research. In this paper, we demonstrated the performances of InP, GaN and InSb-HEMTs, and InP-MMICs for power amplifier and low-noise amplifier operated around 300 GHz.
Nuclear Accumulations of p53 and Mdm2 are Accompanied by Reductions in c-Abl and p300 in Zinc-Depleted Human Hepatoblastoma Cells (2006)

The influence of zinc status on the expression of proteins known to be involved in the stability of p53, the human tumor suppressor gene product, was examined in hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells. Cells were cultured in zinc-deficient (ZD0.2, ZD0.4), zinc normal (ZN), zinc adequate (ZA), or zinc-supplemented (ZS) medium, which contained 0.2, 0.4, 4, 16, or 32 microM zinc, respectively. Nuclear p53 levels were almost 100% and 40% higher in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells, respectively, than in ZN cells. Mdm2 protein, which mediates p53 degradation, was 174% and 148% higher in the nucleus of ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells, respectively, than in ZN cells. In addition, the observed reductions of nuclear c-Abl in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells to 50% and 60% of ZN cells, respectively, may be a cellular response attempting to normalize nuclear p53 accumulation because nuclear c-Abl is known to down-regulate ubiquitination and nuclear export of p53. Moreover, no changes in total cellular p53, Mdm2, and c-Abl or nuclear Mdmx were observed among the treatment groups. Furthermore, in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells, the reduction in total and nuclear p300, which is known to complex with CREB-binding protein and Mdm2 in the nucleus for the generation of degradable polyubiquitinated form of p53, may have depressed the degradation pathway for p53 and Mdm2, and contributed to the nuclear accumulation of these proteins in ZD cells.
P031 Ozanimod in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy from the Phase 2 TOUCHSTONE Study 4-Year Open-Label Extension (2020)

BACKGROUND: Ozanimod is a potent, selective, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1P1) modulator that has demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in the randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 TOUCHSTONE study (NCT01647516). This analysis presents data from the extension period of TOUCHSTONE, with ≥4 years of follow-up. METHODS: Patients in TOUCHSTONE received placebo or ozanimod (0.5 mg or 1 mg daily) during the 8-week induction and 24-week maintenance periods and could enter the optional open label extension (OLE) with ozanimod 1 mg/day if they were nonresponders at the end of the induction period, lost response during the maintenance period, or completed the maintenance period. Eligible patients entered the OLE between May 2013; March 2015. In 2019, the OLE was ended and all active patients who consented rolled over to a phase 3 program. During the OLE, patients were followed for safety and efficacy at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 12-week intervals thereafter. Partial Mayo score (pMS, comprised of stool frequency, rectal bleeding, and physician’s global assessment subscores) was assessed at all visits. Endoscopy was performed approximately annually in patient subsets, mainly at OLE weeks 56 and 104 per protocol amendments; total Mayo score (tMS, including pMS subscores plus endoscopy), endoscopic improvement (endoscopic subscore of ≤1), and histologic remission (Geboes score 1). Biomarkers of disease activity were assessed (C-reactive protein [CRP], all visits; fecal calprotectin [FCP], OLE week 8, end of study). RESULTS: Of 170 patients entering the OLE, 123 (72%), 102 (60%), 84 (49%), and 71 (42%) completed OLE weeks 56, 104, 152, and 200, respectively. Using non-responder imputation (NRI) for missing data, pMS clinical response and remission rates at week 56 were 71% and 55%, and 41% and 37%, respectively, at week 200. tMS clinical response and remission rates (observed case analysis) were 83% and 40%, respectively, at week 56, and 82% and 41% at week 104. Observed pMS decreased substantially over time, plateauing at 1. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were UC flare (4%), anemia (1%), and ischemic stroke (1%); no serious TEAEs of cardiac arrhythmias or macular edema were reported. CONCLUSION: Data from the TOUCHSTONE OLE demonstrate durable efficacy by clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and biomarker measures with ozanimod 1 mg/day. No new safety risks were identified with ≥4 years of follow-up.
The First-in-class Anti-EGFR Antibody Mixture Sym004 Overcomes Cetuximab Resistance Mediated by EGFR Extracellular Domain Mutations in Colorectal Cancer (2016)

Sym004 is an active drug in MCRC resistant to cetuximab/panitumumab mediated by EGFR mutations. EGFR mutations are potential biomarkers of response to Sym004 to be evaluated in ongoing large clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3260-7. ©2016 AACR.