gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Order and Disorder in ABCA′ Tetrablock Terpolymers (2020)

Self-assembly of poly(styrene)-<i>block</i>-poly(isoprene)-<i>block</i>-poly(lactide)-<i>block</i>-poly(styrene) (PS-PI-PLA-PS' or SILS') tetrablock terpolymers, where the volume fractions of the first three blocks are nearly equivalent, was studied both experimentally and using the self-consistent field theory (SCFT). SCFT indicates that addition of the terminal PS' chain to a low-molecular-mass, hexagonally packed cylinders forming, SIL precursor can produce a disordered state due to preferential mixing of the polystyrene end-blocks with the PI and PLA midblocks in the SILS' tetrablock, alleviating the unfavorable contact between the highly incompatible PI and PLA segments. In contrast, SCFT predicts that higher-molar-mass triblock precursors will maintain an ordered morphology upon addition of the terminal PS' block due to stronger overall segregation strengths. These predictions were tested using three sets of SILS' polymers that were synthesized based on three precursor SIL triblock polymers differing in total molar mass (14, 30, and 47 kg mol<sup>-1</sup>) and varying the length of the terminal PS' chain. In the lowest-molar-mass set of tetrablock polymers, the shift from order to disorder was observed in the materials at ambient temperature as the molar mass of the terminal PS' block was increased, consistent with SCFT calculations. Disorder with longer S' chain lengths was not found in the two higher-molar-mass polymer sets; the medium-molar-mass set showed both microphase separation and long-range order based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), while the largest of these block polymers microphase separated but showed limited long-range order. The combination of the experimental and theoretical results presented in this work provides insights into the self-assembly of ABCA'-type polymers and highlights potential complications that arise from frustration in accessing well-ordered materials.
Re: Missense Mutations in SLC26A8, Encoding a Sperm-Specific Activator of CFTR, are Associated with Human Asthenozoospermia (2013)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Feb 2014Re: Missense Mutations in SLC26A8, Encoding a Sperm-Specific Activator of CFTR, are Associated with Human Asthenozoospermia Anthony AtalaMD Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.10.082AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Missense Mutations in SLC26A8, Encoding a Sperm-Specific Activator of CFTR, are Associated with Human Asthenozoospermia." The Journal of Urology, 191(2), pp. 554–555 © 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 2February 2014Page: 554-555Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bickering In-Depth: Rethinking the Composition of Competing Security Systems (2009)

A wide variety of security software competes for control of desktops, servers, and handhelds. Competition for control over a system's security posture can leave systems mired in a performance tar pit and subvert the very security they were meant to provide. Although the use of defense in-depth is widely recommended, it isn't nearly as automated as it could be, particularly when it comes to composing policy in addition to functionality. We suggest a paradigm in which security programmers intentionally design their code to cooperate with similar software by negotiating over security-critical resources, system measurement points, event types, and trusted information flow paths.
Online Learning in Planar Pushing with Combined Prediction Model (2021)

Pushing is a useful robotic capability for positioning and reorienting objects. The ability to accurately predict the effect of pushes can enable efficient trajectory planning and complicated object manipulation. Physical prediction models for planar pushing have long been established, but their assumptions and requirements usually do not hold in most practical settings. Data-driven approaches can provide accurate predictions for offline data, but they often have generalizability issues. In this paper, we propose a combined prediction model and an online learning framework for planar push prediction. The combined model consists of a neural network module and analytical components with a low-dimensional parameter to be learned online. We train the neural network offline using pre-collected pushing data. In online situations, the low-dimensional analytical parameter is learned directly from online pushes to quickly adapt to the new environments. We test our combined model and learning framework on real pushing experiments. Our experimental results show that our model is able to quickly adapt to new environments, with the online prediction performance quickly converges to the level of offline performance.
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots for light-emitting devices (2018)

In this review, we focus on current progress of LHP-QD based LEDs, issue and challenge for high efficiency and high stability LEDs.
Long-term outcome of ATG vs. Basiliximab induction (2011)

ATG induction was associated with an improved (but n.s.) trend in patient and graft survival. Patients induced with ATG had a higher rate of CMV infections and haematological complications.
Spacesuit Water Membrane Evaporator; An Enhanced Evaporative Cooling System for the Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit Portable Life Support System (2014)

Development of the Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) portable life support subsystem (PLSS) is currently under way at NASA Johnson Space Center. The AEMU PLSS features a new evaporative cooling system, the Generation 4 Spacesuit Water Membrane Evaporator (Gen4 SWME). The SWME offers several advantages when compared with prior crewmember cooling technologies, including the ability to reject heat at increased atmospheric pressures, reduced loop infrastructure, and higher tolerance to fouling. Like its predecessors, Gen4 SWME provides nominal crew member and electronics cooling by flowing water through porous hollow fibers. Water vapor escapes through the hollow fiber pores, thereby cooling the liquid water that remains inside of the fibers. This cooled water is then recirculated to remove heat from the crew member and PLSS electronics. Test results from the backup cooling system which is based on a similar design and the subject of a companion paper, suggested that further volume reductions could be achieved through fiber density optimization. Testing was performed with four fiber bundle configurations ranging from 35,850 fibers to 41,180 fibers. The optimal configuration reduced the Gen4 SWME envelope volume by 15% from that of Gen3 while dramatically increasing the performance margin of the system. A rectangular block design was chosen over the Gen3 cylindrical design, for packaging configurations within the AEMU PLSS envelope. Several important innovations were made in the redesign of the backpressure valve which is used to control evaporation. A twin-port pivot concept was selected from among three low profile valve designs for superior robustness, control and packaging. The backpressure valve motor, the thermal control valve, delta pressure sensors and temperature sensors were incorporated into the manifold endcaps, also for packaging considerations. Flight-like materials including a titanium housing were used for all components. Performance testing of the Gen4 SWME is underway.
Alternatively spliced neuronal nitric oxide synthase mediates penile erection (2006)

A key role for nitric oxide (NO) in penile erection is well established, but the relative roles of the neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) versus endothelial forms of NOS are not clear. nNOS- and endothelial NOS-deficient mice maintain erectile function and reproductive capacity, questioning the importance of NO. Alternatively, residual NO produced by shorter transcripts in the nNOS(-/-) animals might suffice for normal physiologic function. We show that the beta splice variant of nNOS elicits normal erection despite a decrease in stimulus-response characteristics and a 5-fold increased sensitivity to the NOS inhibitor, l-NAME. Residual nNOSbeta generates only 10% of the normal NO level in vitro but produces citrulline and diaphorase staining reflecting in vivo NOS activity in pelvic ganglion nerves that is comparable to WT animals. Thus, alternatively spliced forms of nNOS are major mediators of penile erection and so may be targets for therapeutic intervention.
Impact of material asymmetries on LR-SPP modes in strip waveguides (2008)

We evaluate the impact of asymmetries in dielectric and metal, as implied by the technological process, on the propagation constant, propagation length and characteristic impedance of long-range surface plasmon polariton modes in real strip waveguides.
Humoral responses to HIVconsv induced by heterologous vaccine modalities in rhesus macaques (2015)

Vaccines delivering T cell immunogen HIVconsv vectored by plasmid DNA, non-replicating simian adenovirus and non-replicating modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) are under clinical evaluation in phase I/IIa trials in UK, Europe, and Africa. While these vaccines aim to induce effector T cell responses specific for HIV-1, we here characterized the humoral responses induced by HIVconsv administration to macaques using six different vaccine modalities: plasmid DNA, human adenovirus serotype 5, simian adenovirus serotype 63, MVA, Semliki Forest virus replicons, and adjuvanted overlapping synthetic long peptides (SLP). We found that only the SLP formulation, but none of the genetic vaccine platforms induced antibodies recognizing linear HIVconsv epitopes, median 32/46 SLP.HIVconsv peptides. These antibodies bound to 15-mer and SLP peptides, recombinant gp120 and trimeric gp140 of HIV-1 Bal, YU2, JRFL, and UG037, but failed to react with HIV-1 Bal and IIIB virions and HIV-1 Bal- and IIIB-infected human cells, and consequently failed to induce neutralizing antibodies. The HIVconsv immunogen contains conserved regions derived from Gag, Pol, Vif, and Env proteins of HIV-1, and antibodies induced by the SLP.HIVconsv vaccination resulted in positive signals in routine HIV-1 tests. Thus, only HIVconsv delivered by SLP resulted in seroconversion, an observation that provides important guidance for recruiting volunteers into future clinical trials. Furthermore, our data confirms that vaccine delivery by SLP induces humoral as well as cellular immune responses and could be considered for inclusion in future vaccine regimens where this is required.
EBV‐encoded LMP1 indirectly activates the Jak/STAT pathway through production of IFN‐γ (2008)

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is associated with multiple human malignancies including post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) B cell lymphomas. LMP1 is an EBV‐encoded protein expressed in PTLD tumors that can drive tumor growth through constitutive activation of NFκB, Erk, p38, Akt and JNK. We have shown that EBV+ B cell lines from PTLD patients express LMP1 and have a constitutively active Jak/STAT pathway. Dysregulated Jak/STAT activation has been observed in several B cell malignancies. Here we determine the role of the viral protein LMP1 in STAT activation. NGFR‐LMP1 chimeric proteins were expressed in EBV‐Burkitt's lymphoma lines to permit inducible LMP1 signaling. LMP1 induced STAT/DNA complexes but only after 24hr of LMP1 activation suggesting that STAT activation is indirect. STAT1 was the predominant STAT activated by LMP1. Inhibition of cytokine secretion prior to LMP1 activation abolished STAT binding indicating a secreted protein is responsible for STAT activation. IFNs are known inducers of the STAT pathway and pan cytokine luminex assay revealed that LMP1 can induce IFNγ but not IFNα. Moreover, IFNγ receptor blockade prior to LMP1 activation dramatically decreased STAT1 activation. Together, these data demonstrate that LMP1 does not activate the Jak/STAT pathway through direct interaction with JAK but rather through an indirect pathway involving IFNγ induction.
The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus: an international perspective. (2001)

About the Editors. Contributors. Foreword (G. Alberti). Acknowledgements. Introduction (J-M Eko? et al) PART I: DEFINITIONS AND EVIDENCE FOR PREVENTION The Clinical Syndrome and the Biochemical Definition (J-M Eko? and P. Zimmet) Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis and Classification (J-M Eko? and P Zimmet) Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (J.S. Skyler et al) Epdiemiology, Evidence for Prevention: Type 2 Diabetes (P Zimmet et al) Methodology for Physical Activity Assessment (E.W. Gregg and A.M. Kriska) PART II: CAUCASIAN POPULATIONS Ascertainment, Prevalence, Incidence and Temporal Trends (R. Williams) Type 1 Diabetes: Global Epidemiology (M. Karvonen et al) Type 1 Diabetes: Prediction Based on the Genetic-Epidemiological Facts in the 90s (A. Green and K.O. Kyvik) Type 1 Diabetes: Atypcial Diabetes in Young People Across The World (R.B. Lipton) Type 2 Diabetes: Aetiology and Environmental Factors (J. Mann and M. Toeller) Type 2 Diabetes: Genetic Factors (G. Velho and P. Froguel) PART III: NON-CAUCASIAN POPULATIONS Non-Caucasian North American Populations: African Americans (M.A. Banerji and H. Lebovitz) Non-Caucasian North American Populations: Native Americans (K.M. Venkat Narayan et al) Mexico (I. Lerman-Garber et al) Latin America (L.J. Franco and S.R.G. Ferreira) The Middle East (H. King et al) Africa (A-A. Motala et al) South East Asia (A. Ramachandran et al) Pacific Island Populations (D.J. McCarty and P. Zimmet) China (P.H. Bennett et al) Japan (N. Tajima et al) PART IV: ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND COMPLICATIONS Malnutrition-related Diabetes Mellitus: Myth or Reality? (J-M. Eko? and J. Shipp) Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity (A.M. Hodge et al) Epidemiology of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (B. Balkau and E. Eschw?ge) Long-term Complications: Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease (E. Barrett-Connor and K. Py?r?l? ) Long-term Complications: Diabetes, Stroke and Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (E. Barrett-Connor and K. Py?r?l? ) Long-term Complications: Diabetic Neuropathy (A.J.M. Boulton) Long-term Complications: Diabetic Nephropathy (K. Borch-Johnsen) Long-term Complications: Diabetic Retinopathy (C.A. McCarty et al) Diabetes Mortality (T.A. Welborn) PART V: IMPLICATIONS Economic Costs (T.J. Songer) Diabetes Field Surveys: Theory and Practical Aspects (G.K. Dowse) The United KIngdom Prospective Diabetes Study: An Epidemiological Perspective (P. Zimmet et al) Index
Micron-sized control of molecular orientation: Thin film deposition of liquid crystalline polymer on polyimide layer exposed with a linearly polarized laser (1997)

Linearly polarized laser chemical vapor deposition of liquid crystalline polymer was carried out on the polyimide layer which was exposed with a linearly polarized laser. We used 4[ω(2-methylpropenoyloxy)hexyloxy]-4′-cyanobiphenyl as a source of polymer film and a KrF excimer laser as an UV laser light source. Before deposition, exposure to a polyimide layer on a substrate was performed through a photomask. In both exposed and nonexposed areas, the film was deposited during laser irradiation. The molecular orientation of the film in the exposed area was perpendicular to the polarization of the exposed laser beam while that in the nonexposed area was parallel to the polarization of a deposition laser beam.
Tradeoffs Between Convergence Speed and Reconstruction Accuracy in Inverse Problems (2018)

Solving inverse problems with iterative algorithms is popular, especially for large data. Due to time constraints, the number of possible iterations is usually limited, potentially affecting the achievable accuracy. Given an error one is willing to tolerate, an important question is whether it is possible to modify the original iterations to obtain faster convergence to a minimizer achieving the allowed error without increasing the computational cost of each iteration considerably. Relying on recent recovery techniques developed for settings in which the desired signal belongs to some low-dimensional set, we show that using a coarse estimate of this set may lead to faster convergence at the cost of an additional reconstruction error related to the accuracy of the set approximation. Our theory ties to recent advances in sparse recovery, compressed sensing, and deep learning. Particularly, it may provide a possible explanation to the successful approximation of the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -minimization solution by neural networks with layers representing iterations, as practiced in the learned iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm.
Structural and biochemical rationale for enhanced spike protein fitness in delta and kappa SARS-CoV-2 variants (2022)

The Delta and Kappa variants of SARS-CoV-2 co-emerged in India in late 2020, with the Delta variant underlying the resurgence of COVID-19, even in countries with high vaccination rates. In this study, we assess structural and biochemical aspects of viral fitness for these two variants using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), ACE2-binding and antibody neutralization analyses. Both variants demonstrate escape of antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain, an important immune hotspot for neutralizing epitopes. Compared to wild-type and Kappa lineages, Delta variant spike proteins show modest increase in ACE2 affinity, likely due to enhanced electrostatic complementarity at the RBD-ACE2 interface, which we characterize by cryo-EM. Unexpectedly, Kappa variant spike trimers form a structural head-to-head dimer-of-trimers assembly, which we demonstrate is a result of the E484Q mutation and with unknown biological implications. The combination of increased antibody escape and enhanced ACE2 binding provides an explanation, in part, for the rapid global dominance of the Delta variant.
Clonal Repertoires of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes Are Shared in Mucosal and Systemic Compartments during Chronic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Monkeys (2010)

Because it is thought that mucosal tissues play a fundamental role in early HIV/SIV infection, it is crucial to understand the virus-specific responses in mucosal tissues to facilitate devising strategies to prevent and control these infections. We have employed TCR repertoire analyses to define the clonal composition of a dominant SIV epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell population in mucosal and systemic compartments of SIV-infected rhesus monkeys during both acute and chronic infection. We show that the CD8(+) T cell repertoire in mucosal tissues of uninfected rhesus monkeys is oligoclonal, whereas the CD8(+) T cell repertoire in blood is polyclonal. Early postinfection, the SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell clonal repertoire is distinct in mucosal compartments and peripheral blood. However, we observed a narrowing of the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell clonal repertoire in all sampled anatomic compartments as infection progressed from acute to chronic, and there was comparable clonal diversity in all anatomic compartments. We showed during chronic infection that the same clonal populations of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells are present in all compartments. These data indicate that the SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells in systemic and mucosal sites have a shared clonal origin and are, therefore, capable of both responding to infection in the systemic circulation and trafficking to mucosal tissues.
Condensing water vapor to droplets generates hydrogen peroxide (2020)

It was previously shown [J. K. Lee <i>et al.</i>, <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>, 116, 19294-19298 (2019)] that hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) is spontaneously produced in micrometer-sized water droplets (microdroplets), which are generated by atomizing bulk water using nebulization without the application of an external electric field. Here we report that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is spontaneously produced in water microdroplets formed by dropwise condensation of water vapor on low-temperature substrates. Because peroxide formation is induced by a strong electric field formed at the water-air interface of microdroplets, no catalysts or external electrical bias, as well as precursor chemicals, are necessary. Time-course observations of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production in condensate microdroplets showed that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was generated from microdroplets with sizes typically less than ∼10 µm. The spontaneous production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was commonly observed on various different substrates, including silicon, plastic, glass, and metal. Studies with substrates with different surface conditions showed that the nucleation and the growth processes of condensate water microdroplets govern H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation. We also found that the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production yield strongly depends on environmental conditions, including relative humidity and substrate temperature. These results show that the production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> occurs in water microdroplets formed by not only atomizing bulk water but also condensing water vapor, suggesting that spontaneous water oxidation to form H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> from water microdroplets is a general phenomenon. These findings provide innovative opportunities for green chemistry at heterogeneous interfaces, self-cleaning of surfaces, and safe and effective disinfection. They also may have important implications for prebiotic chemistry.
Vibration tolerance in optical imaging (1993)

The effects of object-to-image vibration are studied with the purpose to quantitatively define the maximum acceptable vibration level as a function of resolution, linewidth control, exposure and focus toterances, proximity condition, and illumination coherence. The exposure-defocus trees and windows of optically projected images are used to derive the vibration tolerance as well as the optimum exposure as a function of vibration amplitude. Normalized variables for resolution, focus, and exposure are used so that the results are universally applicable for any given diffraction-limited lens system. Time histograms are used instead of the frequency spectrum to unambiguously define a given vibration environment. The results are plotted in depth of focus as a function of the vibration amplitude. Resolution ranges from 0.48 to 1.2 λ/NA with the aperture ratio σ = 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. The optimum exposure for maximum depth of focus is similarly plotted.
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Molecule Spotlight on Lorcaserin (2010)

Lorcaserin (APD-356) is the first in a new class of selective serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine(2C) (5-HT(2C)) receptor agonists. On December 22, 2009, the compound's developer (Arena Pharmaceuticals) submitted an NDA to the FDA for approval for weight management.
Response and Acquired Resistance to Everolimus in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (2014)

Everolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is effective in treating tumors harboring alterations in the mTOR pathway. Mechanisms of resistance to everolimus remain undefined. Resistance developed in a patient with metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma after an extraordinary 18-month response. Whole-exome sequencing of pretreatment and drug-resistant tumors revealed a nonsense mutation in TSC2, a negative regulator of mTOR, suggesting a mechanism for exquisite sensitivity to everolimus. The resistant tumor also harbored a mutation in MTOR that confers resistance to allosteric mTOR inhibition. The mutation remains sensitive to mTOR kinase inhibitors.