gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Accuracy of PET Utilizing a 3-D Phantom to Simulate the Activity Distribution of [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in the Human Brain (1991)

A three-dimensional brain phantom has been developed to simulate the activity distributions found in human brain studies currently employed in positron emission tomography (PET). The phantom has a single contiguous chamber and utilizes thin layers of lucite to provide apparent relative concentrations of 5, 1, and 0 for gray matter, white matter, and CSF structures, respectively. The phantom and an ideal image set were created from the same set of data. Thus, the user has a basis for comparing measured images with an ideal set that allows a quantitative evaluation of errors in PET studies with an activity distribution similar to that found in patients. The phantom was employed in a study of the effect of deadtime and scatter on accuracy in quantitation on a current PET system. Deadtime correction factors were found to be significant (1.1-2.5) at count rates found in clinical studies. Deadtime correction techniques were found to be accurate to within 5%. Scatter in emission and attenuation correction data consistently caused 5-15% errors in quantitation, whereas correction for scatter in both types of data reduced errors in accuracy to less than 5%.
Game Theoretic Approach to Spectrum Allocation for Weak Interference Systems (2008)

A scenario consisting of two transmitter-receiver pairs coexisting in the same area and communicating using the same portion of the spectrum is considered. Decentralized coding strategies are employed at the transmitter side and no cooperation is assumed between the two systems. We investigate the structure of Nash equilibria corresponding to simultaneous water-filling solutions and propose a scheme that improves overall performance of systems with weak mutual interference. The resulting scheme provides a spectrum sharing rule in the form of a modified utility function. The conditions for optimality are presented and a numerical example illustrates the performance compared to a scheme employing the link rate as utility function.
40 Gbit/s polarisation-insensitive and wavelength-independentInP Mach-Zehnder modulator for all-optical regeneration (1999)

A polarisation-independent, push-pull InP Mach-Zehnder modulator for 40 Gbit/s all-optical regeneration has been implemented in a loop transmission scheme. Error-free regenerated transmission over &gt; 20000 km was obtained. Wavelength independence and immunity to crosstalk were also measured, showing the potential for WDM transmission applications.
Tunable Collagen I Hydrogels for Engineered Physiological Tissue Micro-Environments (2015)

Collagen I hydrogels are commonly used to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue engineering applications. However, the ability to design collagen I hydrogels similar to the properties of physiological tissues has been elusive. This is primarily due to the lack of quantitative correlations between multiple fabrication parameters and resulting material properties. This study aims to enable informed design and fabrication of collagen hydrogels in order to reliably and reproducibly mimic a variety of soft tissues. We developed empirical predictive models relating fabrication parameters with material and transport properties. These models were obtained through extensive experimental characterization of these properties, which include compression modulus, pore and fiber diameter, and diffusivity. Fabrication parameters were varied within biologically relevant ranges and included collagen concentration, polymerization pH, and polymerization temperature. The data obtained from this study elucidates previously unknown fabrication-property relationships, while the resulting equations facilitate informed a priori design of collagen hydrogels with prescribed properties. By enabling hydrogel fabrication by design, this study has the potential to greatly enhance the utility and relevance of collagen hydrogels in order to develop physiological tissue microenvironments for a wide range of tissue engineering applications.
Lipid Bilayers on Polyacrylamide Brushes for Inclusion of Membrane Proteins (2005)

The ability of neutral polymer cushions to support neutral lipid bilayers for the incorporation of mobile transmembrane proteins was investigated. Polyacrylamide brush layers were grown on fused silica using atom-transfer radical polymerization to provide polymer layers of 2.5-, 5- and 10-nm thickness. Lipid bilayers composed of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) were formed by vesicle fusion onto bare fused silica and onto each of the polyacrylamide layers. Bilayer fluidity was assessed by the diffusion of a probe, NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. A transmembrane protein, the human delta-opioid receptor, was inserted into each lipid bilayer, and its ability to bind a synthetic ligand, DPDPE, cyclic[2-d-penicillamine, 5-d-penicillamine]enkephalin, was detected using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy by labeling this ligand with a rhodamine dye. The transmembrane protein was observed to bind the ligand for all bilayers tested. The protein's electrophoretic mobility was probed by monitoring the fluorescence from the bound ligand. The 5-nm polyacrylamide thickness gave the fastest diffusion for the fluorescent lipid probe (D(1) = 2.0(+/-1.2) x 10(-7) and D(2) = 1.2(+/-0.5) x 10(-6) cm(2)/s) and also the largest electrophoretic mobility for the transmembrane protein (3 x 10(-8) cm(2)/V.s). The optimum in polymer thickness is suggested to be a tradeoff between decoupling from the substrate and increasing roughness of the polymer surface.
Characterization of a Fractured Reservoir Using DAS VSP—A Model-Based Reflection Amplitude Study (2017)

Summary Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology offers the time-lapse capability of monitoring hydraulic fracturing and reservoir depletion processes. This paper uses a model-based study to explore the feasibility of using DAS vertical seismic profiling (VSP) to detect and characterize fracture-induced azimuthal variation in P-wave reflection amplitude. The study particularly focuses on seismic amplitude vs. offset and azimuth (AVOAz) to answer two questions. First, which fracture-induced seismic responses can be detectable by a three-dimensional (3D) DAS VSP survey. Second, how shots can be arranged to detect such seismic responses and image the extent of the fractures. Waveform data were simulated for two types of fractured reservoir models using full-elastic anisotropic algorithms. P-wave reflection amplitude was mapped in incidence angle intervals for the top of each reservoir model. Analyses of the amplitude variation with AVOAz revealed distinctive patterns for the two fracture models. These patterns of amplitude variation can be used to detect fractures, if the fractures have uniform density and similar orientation around the well.
UV Assisted Surface Modification of Polystyrene in the Presence of Trialkylsilanes (2005)

Abstract Summary: A process for the photochemical modification of polystyrene (PS) surfaces employing organosilane compounds has been developed. Polystyrene was irradiated in presence of trialkylsilanes [ethyldimethylsilane (EDMS), trimethylsilane (TrMS)]. UV irradiation was carried out with a medium pressure (MP) Hg lamp and a 193 nm ArF* excimer laser. FT‐IR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) evidenced that after irradiation alkylsilyl groups were covalently bond to the polymer surface. Contact angle measurements proved a significant lowering in surface energy of polystyrene as a result of the photomodification process. When EDMS was used as photoreactive reagent, the introduction of SiH groups onto the polymer surface was also found. The introduction of SiH bonds onto polymer surfaces provides new possibilities for further surface functionalization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that Hg lamp irradiation does not exert significant changes in surface topography, while 193 nm excimer laser irradiation leads to surface corrugation. Summing up, it is demonstrated that organosilanes can be employed in UV reactions to attach silyl and also SiH groups onto polystyrene surfaces. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed. magnified image
Characterization of water and wildlife strains as a subgroup of C ampylobacter jejuni using DNA microarrays (2013)

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, but source attribution of the organism is difficult. Previously, DNA microarrays were used to investigate isolate source, which suggested a non-livestock source of infection. In this study we analysed the genome content of 162 clinical, livestock and water and wildlife (WW) associated isolates combined with the previous study. Isolates were grouped by genotypes into nine clusters (C1 to C9). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data demonstrated that livestock associated clonal complexes dominated clusters C1-C6. The majority of WW isolates were present in the C9 cluster. Analysis of previously reported genomic variable regions demonstrated that these regions were linked to specific clusters. Two novel variable regions were identified. A six gene multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay, designed to effectively differentiated strains into clusters, was validated with 30 isolates. A further five WW isolates were tested by mPCR and were assigned to the C7-C9 group of clusters. The predictive mPCR test could be used to indicate if a clinical case has come from domesticated or WW sources. Our findings provide further evidence that WW C. jejuni subtypes show niche adaptation and may be important in causing human infection.
Thermal Behavior of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-Installed Precursors for 2H-Anthra[2,3-c]pyrroles and Anthra[2,3-c]thiophene (2010)

4,11-Ethano-4,11-dihydro-2H-anthra[2,3-c]pyrrole and 4,11-ethano-4,11-dihydroanthra[2,3-c]thiophene derivatives were prepared from the corresponding bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-fused five-membered heterocycles by the Diels-Alder reaction with in situ generated ,'-dibromo-o-xylylene derivatives.Their thermogravimetric analyses showed evapolation without formation of 2H-anthra[2,3-c]pyrrole and anthra[2,3-c]thiophene derivatives under the atmospheric pressure.
Dichroism optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (2012)

We have developed dichroism optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy, capable of imaging polarization-dependent optical absorption (i.e., dichroism) with excellent specificity. This technical innovation enriches molecular photoacoustic contrasts and holds particular potential for detecting amyloid-associated neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
A dual band antenna design for implantable medical devices (2014)

In this study, design and the numerical analysis of a dual band (MICS (Medical Implant Communications Service; 402–405MHz) and ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical; 2.4–2.48GHz)) implantable antenna which is planned to be inserted in the header of the medical device is presented. The proposed medical implantable antenna (MIA) is in the type of planar inverted F Antenna (PIFA). For miniaturization, the metallic patch of the antenna is meandered and a shorting-pin is used between the patch and ground plane. Numerical analysis of the implant antenna is carried out using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software. It is showed that return losses in the MICS and ISM band is lower than −10 dB and the gain of the antenna is consistent with the gain characteristics of the microstrip antennas.
Optimizing the configuration and control of a novel human-powered energy harvesting system (2013)

As sensor equipped wearable systems enter the mainstream, system longevity and power-efficiency issues hamper large scale and long-term deployment, despite substantial foreseeable benefits. As power and energy efficient design, sampling, processing and communication techniques emerge to counter these issues, researchers are beginning to look on wearable energy harvesting systems as an effective counterpart solution. In this paper, we propose a novel harvesting technology to inconspicuously transduce mechanical energy from human foot-strikes and power low-power wearable systems in a self-sustaining manner. Dielectric Elastomers (DEs) are high-energy density electrostatic transducers that can transduce significant levels of energy from a user while appearing near-transparent to her, if configured and controlled properly. Towards this end, we propose DE-based harvester configuration that capitalizes on properties of human gait to enhance transduction efficiency, and further leverage these properties in an adaptive control algorithm to optimize the net energy produced by the system. We evaluate system performance from detailed analytical and empirical models of DE transduction behavior, and apply our control algorithm to the modeled DEs under experimentally collected foot pressure datasets from multiple subjects. Our evaluations show that the proposed system can achieve up to 120mJ per foot-strike, enough to power a variety of low-power wearable devices and systems.
Renal Arachidonic Acid Metabolism (1984)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
High-Throughput Synthesis and Characterization of (BaxSr1–x)1+yTi1–yO3−δ and (BaxSr1–x)1+yTi1–yO3–zNz Perovskite Thin Films (2013)

Thin films of (BaxSr1–x)1+yTi1–y and Zr, Gd codoped (BaxSr1–x)1+yTi1–y were deposited on platinized sapphire substrates at 640 °C under constant flux of atomic oxygen or a mixture of atomic oxygen and nitrogen to synthesize perovskites of (BaxSr1–x)1+yTi1–yO3−δ (also referred to as BSTO), (BaxSr1–x)1+yTi1–yO3–zNz (also referred to as BSTON), and Zr, Gd codoped (BaxSr1–x)1+yTi1–yO3–zNz. Structural characterization was done via XRD and XPS, and electrical characterization was done via LCR (dielectric properties and tunability under DC bias) and P–E measurements. Although the levels of nitrogen incorporated within the perovskite structure appear to be very low as determined by XPS analysis, definite improvements in dielectric properties and tunability have been achieved by synthesis of the BSTON oxynitride films. For a composition of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3–zNz an improvement by a factor of 1.72 for tunability and 1.44 for relative permittivity has been observed between the oxide and the oxynitride. The oxynitride achieved a tunability ratio of 6.78 to 1 (close to 7:1) under an applied electrical field of 34 kV/mm. The high throughput approach allowed us to highlight a compositional shift for the material with the best dielectric properties when comparing the oxide with the oxynitride thin films. Effects of codoping the perovskite structure with Zr and Gd have also been investigated and although the tunability and dielectric constant of the thin films were not improved, some improvements in dielectric losses were observed, along with a superparaelectric state as observed by P–E hysteresis measurements.
Development of a Coordination Chemistry-Based Approach for Functional Supramolecular Structures (2005)

The weak-link approach (WLA) to supramolecular assemblies allows for the design of multimetallic two- and three-dimensional arrays, host-guest architectures, sensors, catalysts, switches, and signal amplification devices. This Account describes the course of our investigations in this area beginning with the development of a chemical tool kit of building blocks consisting of multiple metals and ligands. These building blocks can be rationally mixed and matched to provide structures with a wide range of properties that have been used to develop functional supramolecular architectures, including chemical sensors and allosteric catalysts.
Heat shock protein 60 enhances CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function via innate TLR2 signaling (2018)

During the assembly of Figure The correct figure panel is below.
SMPLicit: Topology-aware generative model for clothed people (2021)

Trabajo presentado en la IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), celebrada de forma virtual desde Nashville, TN (Estados Unidos), del 20 al 25 de junio de 2021
Decision Feedback Frequency Offset Estimator for Data-Pilot Multiplexed OFDM Systems (2018)

An efficient decision feedback frequency offset estimator for data-pilot multiplexed OFDM systems is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed estimator has better performance than other estimators for data-pilot multiplexed OFDM systems in Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channel.
Fragment-Based Discovery of a Selective and Cell-Active Benzodiazepinone CBP/EP300 Bromodomain Inhibitor (CPI-637) (2016)

CBP and EP300 are highly homologous, bromodomain-containing transcription coactivators involved in numerous cellular pathways relevant to oncology. As part of our effort to explore the potential therapeutic implications of selectively targeting bromodomains, we set out to identify a CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibitor that was potent both in vitro and in cellular target engagement assays and was selective over the other members of the bromodomain family. Reported here is a series of cell-potent and selective probes of the CBP/EP300 bromodomains, derived from the fragment screening hit 4-methyl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepin-2-one.
Melamine-promoted formation of bright and stable DNA–silver nanoclusters and their antimicrobial properties (2019)

A new method has been developed for the preparation of brightly fluorescent and stable DNA-silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs). The approach takes advantage of specific interactions occurring between melamine and thymine residues in a DNA template. These interactions cause the formation of a melamine-DNA-AgNC complex (Mel-DNA-AgNCs), in which a change in the environment of the DNA template causes binding of additional Ag<sup>+</sup> and an enhancement in the fluorescence efficiency and stability. The effects of the nature of the template DNA, DNA : Ag<sup>+</sup> : NaBH<sub>4</sub> ratio, pH and temperature were systematically assessed in order to maximize the melamine-promoted fluorescence enhancement. The results show that the Mel-DNA-AgNCs, generated under the optimal conditions, exhibit a ca. 3-fold larger fluorescence efficiency and long-term stability (70 d) in contrast to those of DNA-AgNCs in the absence of melamine. Importantly, the bright and stable Mel-DNA-AgNCs exhibit antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are superior to those of DNA-AgNCs alone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the synthesis of DNA-AgNCs that have improved fluorescence efficiencies and that function as effective antimicrobial agents.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Regulation of CD4<sup>+</sup>NKG2D<sup>+</sup> Th1 Cells in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Sorafenib: Role of IL-15Rα and NKG2D Triggering (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 109K, CD4+CD8dim or CD4+NKG2D+ T cells can be found in other malignancies.&lt;/p&gt;
Optimal Grid-Clustering: Towards Breaking the Curse of Dimensionality in High-Dimensional Clustering (1999)

Many applications require the clustering of large amounts of high-dimensional data. Most clustering algorithms, however, do not work effectively and efficiently in high-dimensional space, which is due to the so-called &amp;quot;curse of dimensionality&amp;quot;. In addition, the high-dimensional data often contains a significant amount of noise which causes additional effectiveness problems. In this paper, we review and compare the existing algorithms for clustering high-dimensional data and show the impact of the curse of dimensionality on their effectiveness and efficiency. The comparison reveals that condensation-based approaches (such as BIRCH or STING) are the most promising candidates for achieving the necessary efficiency, but it also shows that basically all condensation-based approaches have severe weaknesses with respect to their effectiveness in high-dimensional space. To overcome these problems, we develop a new clustering technique called OptiGrid which is based on constructing an optimal grid-...
Bursicon, the insect cuticle-hardening hormone, is a heterodimeric cystine knot protein that activates G protein-coupled receptor LGR2 (2005)

All arthropods periodically molt to replace their exoskeleton (cuticle). Immediately after shedding the old cuticle, the neurohormone bursicon causes the hardening and darkening of the new cuticle. Here we show that bursicon, to our knowledge the first heterodimeric cystine knot hormone found in insects, consists of two proteins encoded by the genes burs and pburs (partner of burs). The pburs/burs heterodimer from Drosophila melanogaster binds with high affinity and specificity to activate the G protein-coupled receptor DLGR2, leading to the stimulation of cAMP signaling in vitro and tanning in neck-ligated blowflies. Native bursicon from Periplaneta americana is also a heterodimer. In D. melanogaster the levels of pburs, burs, and DLGR2 transcripts are increased before ecdysis, consistent with their role in postecdysial cuticle changes. Immunohistochemical analyses in diverse insect species revealed the colocalization of pburs- and burs-immunoreactivity in some of the neurosecretory neurons that also express crustacean cardioactive peptide. Forty-three years after its initial description, the elucidation of the molecular identity of bursicon and the verification of its receptor allow for studies of bursicon actions in regulating cuticle tanning, wing expansion, and as yet unknown functions. Because bursicon subunit genes are homologous to the vertebrate bone morphogenetic protein antagonists, our findings also facilitate investigation on the function of these proteins during vertebrate development.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantiospecific Entry to Fluoro Substituted Aminocyclopentanols Through Intramolecular Nitrile Oxide, Nitrone, and Oxime Cycloaddition Reactions. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Designing Randomized, Controlled Trials Aimed at Preventing or Delaying Functional Decline and Disability in Frail, Older Persons: A Consensus Report (2004)

The discovery of effective interventions to prevent or delay disability in older persons is a public health priority. Most likely to benefit from such interventions are frail individuals who are not yet disabled and those with early disability who are at high risk of progression. In spite of this frail older persons have often been excluded from research on the assumption that they would not tolerate testing or benefit from treatment. The Interventions on Frailty Working Group developed recommendations to screen, recruit, evaluate, and retain frail older persons in clinical trials. Specific recommendations are: Eligibility screening should include a multistage process, to quickly exclude those who are too well and those who are too sick. Inclusion criteria should target those most likely to benefit, be meaningful to clinicians, and reflect advancements in the frailty research area. Disability outcome measures should include self-reported, objective, and proxy measures. Strategies to improve retention and compliance and to monitor their effectiveness should be an integral part of the study design. Estimation of cost and sample size should contemplate high dropout rates and interference by competing outcomes. Additional research is needed to refine criteria for screening frail older persons, identify objective measures of disability that are reliable and valid in frail older persons, and improve the informed consent process for high-risk participants, recognizing that research in this subgroup is essential to improving their health outcomes.