gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards improved web acceleration (2011)

Web acceleration mechanisms play an important role in challenged network environments where connectivity is limited or expensive. However, as web usage gets increasingly personal and fragmented, traditional web acceleration systems that leverage redundancy in user requests to optimize performance find it difficult to perform well. This is unfortunate because personalization is an otherwise important trend that allows users to focus on content that is relevant to them. To start tackling this growing problem, this paper makes three contributions. First, we provide the first personalized, large scale web usage data in a developing country context. This allows researchers to get a nuanced understanding of access behavior that is not offered by aggregate data. Second, we present some analysis on this dataset, which provides tangible evidence for describing the increasingly fragmented and personal nature of web access even in developing countries. Finally, based on lessons learned from the analysis, we provide some recommendations for building effective web acceleration mechanisms in the face of an increasingly personal web. We believe the next generation of web acceleration systems for challenged networks need to have a strong personal component.
Extrusion Nozzle Shaping for Improved 3DP of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC/SHCC) (2020)

This paper focuses on the development of a nozzle steering and shaping system for concrete 3D printing (3DCP) of Engineered/Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (ECC/SHCC). The investigation highlights the development of an integrated system that includes robotic end-effector tooling, automated control associated with the delivery and deposition processes, as well as multi-axis nozzle steering for enhanced surface quality of the printed components. The results are discussed along with demonstrated prototypes. While significant improvements to the speed and efficiency of 3DP cementitious materials have been developed in recent years, only a few precedents, discussed in the paper, have aimed to improve geometric surface quality of the final printed components. In addition to improving the surface quality, the designed extrusion shaping process has the potential to improve mechanical performance of ECC by maximizing interfacial surface area and improving fiber alignment. Material effects will also be discussed in relation to the development of the overall system. An overview of the geometric capabilities and limitations of the proposed system will be presented in comparison with existing 3DP techniques.
Short-Chain Peptide Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometer after Derivatization with 9-Fluorenylmethyl Chloroformate (1999)

Resolution and characterization of short-chain peptides (M(r) = 200-1000) and free amino acids were demonstrated by the use of precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc) followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) interfaced with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). At pH 10, in addition to derivatization at the N terminus, epsilon-NH(2) and OH groups of lysine and tyrosine residues, respectively, were also derivatized. Fmoc derivatives showed at least 2 orders of magnitude higher ionization potential in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The detection levels for both the free amino acid and peptide derivatives were in a few hundred picomoles compared to 10-50 nmol for the underivatized samples. The mass spectra of the peptides before or after derivatization showed the presence of only singly charged ions. However, collision-induced dissociation of the derivatized peptides showed predominance of b-type ions that are relatively less complicated in assigning the peptide sequence.
Developing system head curves for closed systems (2010)

System head curves can be readily developed for pumping systems with a tank on both the suction and discharge side of the pump. However, many pressure zones in water distribution systems do not have a tank on the discharge side of the pump, and the usual methods for creating system head curves do not work for such systems. This article discusses the development of a new method to determine system head curves for closed systems and the implications for pump selection and operation. The analysis indicates that system head curves fluctuate much more widely for systems without discharge‐side tanks than they do for those with such tanks.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Rearrangement of 1,3‐Thiazolidine Sulfoxides: Thiosulfinate and Thioaldehyde Intermediates. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
INVESTIGATION OF NEAR–RESONANT MODES OF FORCED VIBRATIONS OF VIBRATION–PROOF SYSTEMS WITH STRUCTURAL DAMPING UNDER HARMONIC EXCITATION (2021)

Using the previously developed mathematical model of a vibration isolator with an elastic – hysteresis element made of metal–rubber material and on the basis of the Bubnov–Galerkin method, the solution of the equation of forced vibrations of vibration protection systems (VS) under harmonic excitation is obtained. The obtained theoretical results are used to construct generalized dynamic characteristics of vibration isolators with structural damping, in particular, vibration isolators with an elastic–hysteresis element made of MR material. As a result, a simple and fairly general procedure for calculating the generalized vibration–isolating characteristics of the aircraft for the case of harmonic linearization is obtained.
An Experimental Case Study for Nonlinear Model Validation: Effect of Nonlinearities in an Aero-Engine Structure (2018)

Linear FE-models are commonly validated with measured data obtained from experimental test conducted under similar FE-simulated boundary conditions. However, measured data at higher or operational amplitudes of vibration often exhibit evidence of nonlinear characteristics. Research has proven that majority of the causes and sources of these nonlinearities are frequently local in nature while a large proportion of the structure can be represented using linear theory. This paper presents the experimental investigations conducted on an aircraft structure ranging from linear to nonlinear regime, the aim of the investigation was to understand the influence of connecting accessories or components to the proposed aircraft structure. Broadband, sine-sweeps and stepped-sine excitations were used to detect and characterise the nature of the nonlinear behaviour in the assembly.
Single carrier devices with electrical doped layers for the characterization of charge-carrier transport in organic thin-films (2010)

We introduce single-carrier devices with electrical doped layers as a concept for the characterization of charge-carrier transport in organic semiconductors. In this approach, individual organic layers from a multilayer device are investigated in single-carrier test devices, where they are enclosed by symmetrically arranged electrical doped layers of equal thickness and composition. Single carrier devices without electrical doped layers are usually difficult to interpret due to an uncertainty about interface dipole effects between the metal contacts and pristine organic layers. In comparison, our devices show Ohmic contacts at the electrodes as well as zero built-in voltage and thus allow a more direct insight into charge-carrier transport. State-of-the-art simulation models are applied to analyze current-voltage characteristics and evaluate crucial parameters such as energy barriers between adjacent organic layers and mobilities.
Er:LiCAF as Potential Vacuum Ultraviolet Laser Material at 163 nm (2009)

Vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence from micro-pulling down method-grown Er:LiCAF is found to have 163-nm peak emission with 1.3-µs lifetime, making it one of the shortest emission wavelengths from solid-state materials reported.
Data from Radiotherapy and CTLA-4 Blockade Shape the TCR Repertoire of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Immune checkpoint inhibitors activate T cells to reject tumors. Unique tumor mutations are key T-cell targets, but a comprehensive understanding of the nature of a successful antitumor T-cell response is lacking. To investigate the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire associated with treatment success versus failure, we used a well-characterized mouse carcinoma that is rejected by CD8 T cells in mice treated with radiotherapy (RT) and anti–CTLA-4 in combination, but not as monotherapy, and comprehensively analyzed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by high-throughput sequencing of the &lt;i&gt;TCRΒ&lt;/i&gt; CDR3 region. The combined treatment increased TIL density and CD8/CD4 ratio. Assessment of the frequency of T-cell clones indicated that anti–CTLA-4 resulted in fewer clones and a more oligoclonal repertoire compared with untreated tumors. In contrast, RT increased the CD8/CD4 ratio and broadened the TCR repertoire, and when used in combination with anti–CTLA-4, these selected T-cell clones proliferated. Hierarchical clustering of CDR3 sequences showed a treatment-specific clustering of TCRs that were shared by different mice. Abundant clonotypes were commonly shared between animals and yet treatment-specific. Analysis of amino-acid sequence similarities revealed a significant increase in the number and richness of dominant CDR3 motifs in tumors treated with RT + anti–CTLA-4 compared with control. The repertoire of TCRs reactive with a single tumor antigen recognized by CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells was heterogeneous but highly clonal, irrespective of treatment. Overall, data support a model whereby a diverse TCR repertoire is required to achieve tumor rejection and may underlie the synergy between RT and CTLA-4 blockade. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 139–50. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Human thymic epithelial cells produce granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factors. (1988)

The development of culture conditions for growing normal human thymic epithelial (TE) cells free from contamination with other stromal cells has allowed us to identify and characterize TE cell-derived cytokines. In this study, we report that cultured human TE cells produced CSF that supported the growth of clonal hematopoietic progenitor cells in the light density fraction of human bone marrow cells. Thymic epithelial supernatants (TES) induced growth of granulocyte/macrophage colonies (CFU-GM), mixed granulocyte/erythrocyte/monocyte/megakaryocyte colonies (CFU-GEMM), and early burst-forming unit erythroid colonies (BFU-E). In addition, TES induced differentiation of the promyelocyte leukemic cell line HL-60 and stimulated growth of both granulocyte (CFU-G) and monocyte (CFU-M) colonies from murine bone marrow cells. Using anion exchange column chromatography, pluripotent CSF activities in TES were separated and shown to be distinct from an IL-1-like cytokine that has been shown as a TE cell-derived cytokine (TE-IL-1). Colony-stimulating activity supporting the growth of bone marrow CFU-GEMM, BFU-E, and CFU-GM co-eluted at 150 to 180 mM NaCl. A separate peak of CFU-GM-stimulating activity eluted early in the gradient at 20 mM NaCl. In Northern blot analysis of enriched RNA, synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to human G-CSF and M-CSF coding sequence each hybridized with a single RNA species of 1.7 and 4.4 kb, respectively. These data suggest that normal human TE cells synthesize G-CSF and M-CSF that promote differentiation of non-lymphoid hematopoietic cell precursors.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Discontinuation (2007)

The results suggest that the contribution of side effects to antidepressant discontinuation is more complex than previously suggested. Disparate findings from earlier studies may reflect aspects of study design, such as examining populations whose severity of depression varied widely or not controlling for important confounding factors. Future research should separately examine high-risk groups (or control for severity of depression) and carefully rule out other potential contributors to discontinuation.
Telomere Position Effect in Human Cells (2001)

In yeast, telomere position effect (TPE) results in the reversible silencing of genes near telomeres. Here we demonstrate the presence of TPE in human cells. HeLa clones containing a luciferase reporter adjacent to a newly formed telomere express 10 times less luciferase than do control clones generated by random integration. Luciferase expression is restored by trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Overexpression of a human telomerase reverse transcriptase complementary DNA results in telomere elongation and an additional 2- to 10-fold decrease in expression in telomeric clones but not control clones. The dependence of TPE on telomere length provides a mechanism for the modification of gene expression throughout the replicative life-span of human cells.
Surface Statistics Determined From IR Scatter (1990)

This paper examines the requirement for reflector &quot;smoothness&quot; that is imposed when BRDF data is used to calculate surface statistics. There are applications for use of these calculations at surfaces that appear rough at visible wavelengths (greater than about 300 angstroms). Wavelength extension into the mid IR and increasing the angle of incidence are the two techniques investigated. Experimental results are compared to two widely used diffraction calculations by using known sinusoidal gratings and the advantages and limitations of each are discussed. Extension of the calculations to surfaces that have surface features as large as 5000 angstroms has been demonstrated at a wavelength of 10.6 micrometers.
Umwelterfassung mit bewegten Kameras (1999)

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschaftigt sich mit einem Teilbereich des maschinellen Sehens, der aufgrund der Vielfalt potentieller Anwendungsmoglichkeiten in der Robotik und in ” intelligenten Fahrzeugen“ seit langerer Zeit Gegenstand intensiver Forschungstatigkeit ist und auch seitens der Industrie mit groser Aufmerksamkeit verfolgt wird: die automatische Erfassung einer dreidimensionalen Umwelt mit einem bewegten Kamerasystem. In der ersten Halfte dieses Beitrags stellen wir einige grundsatzliche Thesen zur Diskussion, die das Spannungsfeld zwischen dem ” State of the Art“ in der Computer-Vision-Forschung und den Anforderungen der Anwender betreffen. Im zweiten Teil werden anhand einiger Beispiele aus dem Bereich der Fahrerunterstutzung durch visuelle Sensorik ( ” Computer Vision im Auto“) einige der vorgenannten Aspekte illustriert.
Laser processing of thin film sputtered MoS2: Thinning, oxidation, and crystallization (2020)

The interest in thin film 2D materials has brought renewed attention to the compound molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). As a 2D material, MoS2 can exhibit high transport mobility and transitions to a direct-gap semiconductor when thinned down to a few atomic layers. Consequently, it has both electronic and photonic device applications. The bulk of research on crystalline MoS2 is via exfoliated and chemical vapor deposited material. In this work, we present a laser processing approach that offers flexibility in the types of composite materials that can be produced. We demonstrate laser crystallization of sputter-deposited amorphous MoS2 (∼10 nm) and subsequent thinning down to a few atomic layers that result in direct bandgap emission. With further laser processing under inert gas purge (argon) and low vacuum air, we fabricate composite nano-materials comprised of metallic and molybdenum oxides. Material characterization is done by optical interferometry, atomic force microscopy, SEM, Auger, and Raman diagnostics, but the ongoing physics of the laser thinning process is elucidated by XPS measurements.
Airborne ultrasound surface motion camera: Application to seismocardiography (2018)

The recent achievements in the accelerometer-based seismocardiography field indicate a strong potential for this technique to address a wide variety of clinical needs. Recordings from different locations on the chest can give a more comprehensive observation and interpretation of wave propagation phenomena than a single-point recording, can validate existing modeling assumptions (such as the representation of the sternum as a single solid body), and provide better identifiability for models using richer recordings. Ultimately, the goal is to advance our physiological understanding of the processes to provide useful data to promote cardiovascular health. Accelerometer-based multichannel system is a contact method and laborious for use in practice, and also even ultralight accelerometers can cause non-negligible loading effects. We propose a contactless ultrasound imaging method to measure thoracic and abdominal surface motions, demonstrating that it is adequate for typical seismocardiogram (SCG) use. The developed method extends non-contact surface-vibrometry to fast 2D mapping by originally combining multi-element airborne ultrasound arrays, a synthetic aperture implementation, and pulsed-waves. Experimental results show the ability of the developed method to obtain 2D seismocardiographic maps of the body surface 30 × 40 cm2 in dimension, with a temporal sampling rate of several hundred Hz, using ultrasound waves with the central frequency of 40 kHz. Our implementation was validated in-vivo on eight healthy human participants. The shape and position of the zone of maximal absolute acceleration and velocity during the cardiac cycle were also observed. This technology could potentially be used to obtain more complete cardio-vascular information than single-source SCG in and out of clinical environments, due to enhanced identifiability provided by the distributed measurements, and observation of propagation phenomena.
The Transformation Pathways of Mo6S2I8 Nanowires into Morphology-Selective MoS2 Nanostructures (2010)

Nanomaterials prepared by the sulfurization of Mo6S2I8 nanowires and the time and temperature dependence of the transformation process are investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and wavelength-dependent Raman spectroscopy. Depending on the temperature, coaxial MoS2 nanotubes or MoS2 “mama”-tubes are formed after 2 h of sulfurization. Using a few minutes of sulfurization time, core−shell nanowires composed of well-ordered MoS2 layers covering a Mo6S2I8 core are formed, proving an outside-to-inside transformation process. The crystallinity of the three MoS2 nanostructures increases with increasing transformation temperature, i.e., in the sequence from MoS2/Mo6S2I8 core−shell structures via coaxial MoS2 tubes to the MoS2 “mama”-tubes. The analysis indicates a different nature of the defects in the MoS2-based nanomaterials, originating from the sulfurization of the Mo6S2I8 than in the conventional MoS2 platelike crystals. A correlation between the Raman spectroscopic parameters and the defect density in MoS2 is identified.
ENTEROPARASITOSIS EN 40 GRUPOS FAMILIARES DE LA LOCALIDAD DE CHAUQUEAR, ISLA PULUQUI, X REGION DE CHILE, 1997 (1998)

En enero de 1997, se realizo una encuesta coproparasitologica a 40 familias (171 habitantes) de la localidad rural de Chauquear, Isla Puluqui, X Region de Chile. Las frecuencias de infeccion por protozoos y helmintos intestinales fueron para: Blastocystis. hominis, 38,6%; Giardia intestinalis, 12,3%; Entamoeba histolytica, 9,9%; Entamoeba coli, 19,9%; Endolimax nana, 18,1%; Ascaris lumbricoides, 15,8% y Trichuris trichiura, 9,4%. Treinta y cinco de las 40 familias presentaron infecciones por B. hominis y en nueve de estas, tres o mas integrantes del grupo familiar estaban parasitados por este organismo unicelular. Las malas condiciones de saneamiento basico ambiental asi como las caracteristicas geoclimaticas de esta region de Chile contribuyen a mantener una elevada frecuencia de infeccion por enteroparasitos
Suppression of Λ(1520) resonance production in central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV (2019)

The production yield of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1520)$ baryon resonance is measured at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The measurement is performed in the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1520)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{p}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ (and charge conjugate) hadronic decay channel as a function of the transverse momentum (${p}_{\mathrm{T}}$) and collision centrality. The ratio of the ${p}_{\mathrm{T}}$-integrated production of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1520)$ baryons relative to $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ baryons in central collisions is suppressed by about a factor of 2 with respect to peripheral collisions. This is the first observation of the suppression of a baryonic resonance at the LHC and the first $3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ evidence of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1520)$ suppression within a single collision system. The measured $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1520)/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ ratio in central collisions is smaller than the value predicted by the statistical hadronization model calculations. The shape of the measured ${p}_{\mathrm{T}}$ distribution and the centrality dependence of the suppression are reproduced by the EPOS3 Monte Carlo event generator. The measurement adds further support to the formation of a dense hadronic phase in the final stages of the evolution of the fireball created in heavy-ion collisions, lasting long enough to cause a significant reduction in the observable yield of short-lived resonances.
Zn incorporation and band gap shrinkage in p-type GaAs (1997)

Dimethylzinc (DMZn) was used as a p-type dopant in GaAs grown by low pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using trimethylgallium and arsine (AsH3) as source materials. The hole carrier concentrations and zinc (Zn) incorporation efficiency are studied by using the Hall effect, electrochemical capacitance voltage profiler and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The influence of growth parameters such as DMZn mole fraction, growth temperature, and AsH3 mole fraction on the Zn incorporation have been studied. The hole concentration increases with increasing DMZn and AsH3 mole fraction and decreases with increasing growth temperature. This can be explained by vacancy control model. The PL experiments were carried out as a function of hole concentration (1017–1.5×1020 cm−3). The main peak shifted to lower energy and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) increases with increasing hole concentrations. We have obtained an empirical relation for FWHM of PL, ΔE(p)(eV)=1.15×10−8p1/3. We also obtained an empirical relation for the band gap shrinkage, ΔEg in Zn doped GaAs as a function of hole concentration. The value of ΔEg(eV)=−2.75×10−8p1/3, indicates a significant band gap shrinkage at high doping levels. These relations are considered to provide a useful tool to determine the hole concentration in Zn doped GaAs by low temperature PL measurement. The hole concentration increases with increasing AsH3 mole fraction and the main peak is shifted to a lower energy side. This can be explained also by the vacancy control model. As the hole concentration is increased above 3.8×1018 cm−3, a shoulder peak separated from the main peak was observed in the PL spectra and disappears at higher concentrations.