gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Sensor Network Utilizing Flexible Nitrate Sensors for Smart Farming (2019)

Smart Farming represents the application of modern IoT networks into agriculture, leading to what can be called a Third Green Revolution. This paper describes a fully customized hardware platform, with a novel network structure enabled by LoRa and ANT radios, that aims for a low-cost, low power and long range wireless sensor network for smart farming. The hybrid network structure was demonstrated in the Lab and the LoRa portion of the network was tested by deploying four modules across an agricultural site, with data collected over a six months period. The hardware was tested by integrating fabricated nitrate sensors as well as commercially available soil and temperature sensors into the modules. The data collected were made accessible to both researchers and farmers through the cloud.
Effects of noise and perceived control on ongoing and subsequent aggressive behavior. (1976)

Two experiments examined the effects of high-intensity (95 dB [A]) noise on ongoing and postnoise aggressive behavior. In Experiment 1, subjects were angered or treated in a neutral manner and given an opportunity to aggress against another subject while being exposed to high-intensity (95 dB) or low-intensity (55 dB) noise. Results indicated that high-intensity noise facilitated aggression for previously angered individuals. Experiment 2 examined postnoise aggression in which subjects completed a math task under high-intensity noise with or without perceived control over the noise. In comparison to a no-noise control, it was found that angered subjects with no control revealed an increase in aggression, whereas perceived-control subjects were no different from no-noise subjects. Results are discussed in terms of the recent Glass and Singer work on noise and task performance and the effects of perceived control on mediating the effects of stressful conditions.
Molecular dynamics study of entangled hard-chain fluids (1996)

By applying efficient computational algorithms to the simplest off-lattice polymer model–the freely-jointed tangent hard-sphere chain–we have been able to perform molecular dynamics simulations long enough to probe chain dynamics in the entangled regime. Chain lengths range from 8 to 192 segments while volume fractions range from 0.3 to 0.45. Analysis of the mean-square displacement (MSD), Rouse modes, scattering functions, and end-to-end vector correlations provides information about chain motion. Chain dynamics are compared with predictions of the Rouse model for short chains and the tube model of Doi and Edwards for long chains. The mean-square displacement for the inner segments of the longest chains are consistent with predictions of the tube model, reproducing the three scaling regimes that are postulated to occur. In addition, anomalous diffusive behavior in the atomic MSD of the inner segments is observed at long times as the inner segments cross over into the free diffusion limit. Rouse-mode autocorrelation functions decay non-exponentially and do not exhibit scaling consistent with the tube model. Definitive plateau-like behaviors are observed in the density–density correlations, normal coordinate decay, and end-to-end vector relaxation of the 192-mer fluids at the highest density.
Figure S6 from Targeting APLN/APLNR Improves Antiangiogenic Efficiency and Blunts Proinvasive Side Effects of VEGFA/VEGFR2 Blockade in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Apelin is expressed in tumor vessels.&lt;/p&gt;
Stable Cold-Field Emission from Tungsten (310) in an SEM Gun with an Additional Non-Evaporative Getter Pump (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Preferred interparticle spacings in trains of particles in inertial microchannel flows (2015)

Suspended particles migrate towards inertial focusing positions close to walls and align into trains in finite inertia conduit flow. The relative contribution of inertial and viscous forces at the particle length scale, defined by the particle Reynolds number ( $\mathit{Re}_{p}$ ), is a key parameter, where $\mathit{Re}_{p}=\langle \dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}\rangle D^{2}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ depends on the mean shear rate $\langle \dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}\rangle$ , particle diameter $D$ and fluid kinematic viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ . Controlling the location of inertial focusing positions and the interparticle distance is critical in applications such as flow cytometry, imaging and cell entrapment in droplets. By using experimental observations in rectangular microchannels and lattice Boltzmann numerical simulations of dilute suspension flow, the spacing between particles aligned in trains is measured. From the modes of the probability density function of interparticle spacing, preferred spacings at $5D$ and $2.5D$ are observed. At lower $\mathit{Re}_{p}$ , the preferred spacing forms around $5D$ , and with increasing $\mathit{Re}_{p}$ the spacing at $2.5D$ becomes more pronounced. With increasing concentration of the suspension the spacing is influenced by particle crowding effects until stable trains are no longer observed.
Comparison of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose uptake in the cerebellum and liver, reference organs for assessment of glucose metabolism, in oncologic patients (2011)

73 Objectives Evalution of treatment response in cancer patients who are followed up by serial FDG PET scans can be challenging. The use of standardized uptake value (SUV) as a single dertermimnig factor can be sometimes misleading since SUV can be affected by different facors such as serum glucose level, age and body weight. Lesion-to-cerebellum uptake ratio (LCR) has been shown to be a valuable semiquantitative index for assessment of glucose metabolism in tumors. Unlike the SUV the LCR does not require accurate patient weight or injected/residual dose measurements. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between tumor SUV, tumor/cerebellum uptake ratio and tumor/liver uptake ratio in cancer patients undergoing systemic therapy. Methods Tumor, cerebellar and liver FDG uptake was assessed in 16 oncologic patients (3 rectal cancers and 13 lymphomas) with 64 PET/CT studies who were undergoing systemic therpay. Serial changes of maximum SUV of a single lesion in each patient was measured. Pearson correlation between percent changes tumor SUV and tumor/cerebellum uptake ratio as well as between tumor SUV and tumor/liver uptake ratio was assessed. Results Positive correlation was found between the tumor SUV changes and tumor SUV/cerebellar SUV values (r = 0.98, p Conclusions Our results suggest that cerebellum may exhibit more desirable characteristics as a reference organ than the liver for evaluating treatment response in patients when sole tumor SUV values cannot be used in cases like hyperglycemia or changes in body weight. Utilizing the LCR could result in a smaller number of false negative studies than using the SUV approach or the tumor-to-liver ratio method
Flexible Linear Algebra Development and Scheduling with Cholesky Factorization (2015)

Modern high performance computing environments are composed of networks of compute nodes that often contain a variety of heterogeneous compute resources, such as multicore CPUs and GPUs. One challenge faced by domain scientists ishow to efficiently use all these distributed, heterogeneous resources. Inorder to use the GPUs effectively, the workload parallelism needs to be muchgreater than the parallelism for a multicore-CPU. Additionally, effectivelyusing distributed memory nodes brings out another level of complexity where theworkload must be carefully partitioned over the nodes. In this work we areusing a lightweight runtime environment to handle many of the complexities insuch distributed, heterogeneous systems. The runtime environment usestask-superscalar concepts to enable the developer to write serial code whileproviding parallel execution. The task-programming model allows the developerto write resource-specialization code, so that each resource gets theappropriate sized workload-grain. Our task-programming abstraction enables thedeveloper to write a single algorithm that will execute efficiently across the distributed heterogeneous machine. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ourapproach with performance results for dense linear algebra applications, specifically the Cholesky factorization.
Hybrid electric vehicle supervisory control design reflecting estimated lithium-ion battery electrochemical dynamics (2011)

Accurate prediction of the battery electrochemical dynamics is important to avoid undesired battery operation under aggressive driving. This paper proposes a battery power management strategy considering Li-ion concentration in the electrodes to prevent excessive battery charging and discharging. The proposed approach adjusts the allowable battery power limits through the feedback of the estimated electrode-averaged Li-ion concentration information. An advanced hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) power split strategy is constructed implementing a Li-ion battery model with electrochemical diffusion dynamics to capture the battery dynamic behavior under transients. A novel contribution arises from the implementation of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) using uneven discretization of the particle radius for fast and accurate prediction of the Lithium intercalation dynamics. The control design modifies the allowable battery power limit used in the supervisory controller, thus, maintaining low complexity of the control structure.
CombiningNMRSpectral Information with Associated Structural Features to form Computationally Nonintensive, Rugged, and Objective Models of Biological Activity (2010)

Abstract This article focuses on an alternative strategy for model building known as quantitative spectrometric data–activity relationships (QSDARs). Three‐dimensional QSDAR modeling is a complementary technique that has widespread application to many informatics challenges. It provides computational model developers a sensitive, alternate perspective on biological and toxicological properties.
Extraction of negative ions from pulsed electronegative capacitively coupled plasmas (2012)

Charge buildup during plasma etching of dielectric features can lead to undesirable effects, such as notching, bowing, and twisting. Pulsed plasmas have been suggested as a method to achieve charge-free plasma etching. In particular, electronegative plasmas are attractive as the collapse of the plasma potential during the after-glow period of pulsed capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) can allow for extraction of negative ions into the feature. The extraction of negative ions in the after-glow of pulsed CCPs sustained in CF4 containing gas mixtures is computationally investigated. In this paper, the consequences of pulse frequency and gas chemistry on negative ion flux to the wafer are discussed. A low negative ion flux to the wafer was observed only in the late after-glow period of low pulse frequencies. The negative ion flux was found to significantly increase with the addition of highly electronegative gases (such as thermally attaching Cl2) even at a high pulse frequency of 10 kHz. As the production of negative ions during the after-glow diminishes, alternative strategies to enhance the flux were also pursued. The flux of negative ions was found to increase by the addition of a pulsed dc voltage on the top electrode that is 180° out-of-phase with the rf pulse.
Evaluating generative networks using Gaussian mixtures of image features (2023)

We develop a measure for evaluating the performance of generative networks given two sets of images. A popular performance measure currently used to do this is the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID). FID assumes that images featurized using the penultimate layer of Inception-v3 follow a Gaussian distribution, an assumption which cannot be violated if we wish to use FID as a metric. However, we show that Inception-v3 features of the ImageNet dataset are not Gaussian; in particular, every single marginal is not Gaussian. To remedy this problem, we model the featurized images using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and compute the 2-Wasserstein distance restricted to GMMs. We define a performance measure, which we call WaM, on two sets of images by using Inception-v3 (or another classifier) to featurize the images, estimate two GMMs, and use the restricted 2-Wasserstein distance to compare the GMMs. We experimentally show the advantages of WaM over FID, including how FID is more sensitive than WaM to imperceptible image perturbations. By modelling the non-Gaussian features obtained from Inception-v3 as GMMs and using a GMM metric, we can more accurately evaluate generative network performance.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS): Channel Model and Estimation (2020)

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has recently drawn significant attention in wireless communication technologies. However, identifying, modeling, and estimating the RIS channel in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are considered challenging in recent studies. In this letter, a general RIS-MIMO channel is modeled as a keyhole MIMO system. Based on that, a channel estimation framework is proposed using single value decomposition (SVD) to separate the cascaded channel links and estimate each link separately. Numerical results show that the proposed estimation method has low time overhead while providing less error.
Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in immuno-oncology (2020)

The term 'immunogenic cell death' (ICD) denotes an immunologically unique type of regulated cell death that enables, rather than suppresses, T cell-driven immune responses that are specific for antigens derived from the dying cells. The ability of ICD to elicit adaptive immunity heavily relies on the immunogenicity of dying cells, implying that such cells must encode and present antigens not covered by central tolerance (antigenicity), and deliver immunostimulatory molecules such as damage-associated molecular patterns and cytokines (adjuvanticity). Moreover, the host immune system must be equipped to detect the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of dying cells. As cancer (but not normal) cells express several antigens not covered by central tolerance, they can be driven into ICD by some therapeutic agents, including (but not limited to) chemotherapeutics of the anthracycline family, oxaliplatin and bortezomib, as well as radiation therapy. In this Trial Watch, we describe current trends in the preclinical and clinical development of ICD-eliciting chemotherapy as partner for immunotherapy, with a focus on trials assessing efficacy in the context of immunomonitoring.
Topology-optimized broadband surface relief transmission grating (2014)

We propose a design methodology for systematic design of surface relief transmission gratings with optimized diffraction efficiency. The methodology is based on a gradient-based topology optimization formulation along with 2D frequency domain finite element simulations for TE and TM polarized plane waves. The goal of the optimization is to find a grating design that maximizes diffraction efficiency for the -1<sup>st</sup> transmission order when illuminated by unpolarized plane waves. Results indicate that a surface relief transmission grating can be designed with a diffraction efficiency of more than 40% in a broadband range going from the ultraviolet region, through the visible region and into the near-infrared region.
Slow transacylation of peptidyladenosine allows analysis of the 2'/3'-isomer specificity of peptidyltransferase (1985)

2'-O-(N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl)adenosine and 3'-O-(N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl)adenosine (Ac-Phe-Phe-Ado) were chemically synthesized, and these two isomers were clearly separated from each other by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an ODS column. By this HPLC method, the abundance ratio of the 2'-isomer and 3'-isomer in equilibrium in aqueous solution at pH 7.0 and 0 degrees C was found to be 0.30:0.70, and the equilibration rate was determined as 0.59 +/- 0.04 min-1. Thus, the rate of transacylation between the 2'-isomer and 3'-isomer of peptidyl-tRNA was found to be much slower than that for the two isomers of aminoacyl-tRNA. The HPLC method was used for isomer analysis of the product of the Escherichia coli ribosomal peptidyltransferase reaction. By the use of an isomerizable analogue, 2'(3')-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine (Phe-Ado), as the acceptor of the N-acetyl-L-[3H]phenylalanine (Ac-[3H]Phe) group in the Ac-[3H]Phe-tRNAPhe.poly(U).70S ribosome system, the reaction product was found exclusively to be the 3'-isomer of Ac-[3H]Phe-Phe-Ado. Thus, the slow transacylation of peptidyladenosine allows the analysis of the 2'/3'-isomer specificity of peptidyltransferase.
Abstract 322: Postnatal Islet-1 Cardioblasts Are of Neural Crest and Not Second Heart-Field Lineage (2016)

Introduction: The transcription factor Islet-1 (Isl1) is expressed in cardiac mesodermal and neural crest (CNC) lineages during cardiogenesis. A pool of Isl1 + cells persist in the perinatal heart (Isl1 + CPCs), some of which are touted as residual second heart-field (SHF)- derived cardioblasts. However, direct lineage-tracing evidence, supporting a SHF over a CNC origin of Isl1 + CPCs, are lacking. Hypothesis: Isl1 + CPCs are of CNC and not SHF lineage. Methods: The Isl1-nLacZ, Wnt1-Cre;tdTomato and Wnt1::FlpE;RC::Fela mice, and iPSCs derived from Wnt1-Cre;tdTomato mice (iPSC Wnt1 ) were employed to lineage-trace Isl1 + CPCs. Results: Temporal analysis of Isl1-nLacZ embryos illustrated a transient, stage-specific reporter gene activity in mesendodermal and neuroectodermal cells. Particularly, at embryonic day (E)9.5, reporter gene activity (x-gal), was strong in the outflow tract (OFT), and exhibited a weak, spotty pattern in the heart. At E12.5, x-gal was strong in the neural tube (NT); reduced in the OFT; and undetectable in the heart. Isl1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) illustrated similar activity of x-gal with endogenous Isl1 expression. Importantly, x-gal remained permanently undetected in the heart. Isl1 IHC in E12.5 Wnt1-Cre;tdTomato and Wnt1::FlpE;RC::Fela embryos indicated that Isl1 + cells in the OFT and NT colocalized with Wnt1 reporter transgenes. At E18.5 and postnatal day 1 (PN1), Isl1 + cells were exclusively of Wnt1 lineage, indicating that Isl1 + CPCs are CNC- and not SHF-derived. Since CNCs minimally contribute cardiomyocytes in mammals, a presumptive full cardiomyogenic capacity of Isl1 + CPCs potentially contrasts with a CNC origin. To address this controversy, we differentiated iPSC Wnt1 toward the CNC lineage, using a previously established embryoid body (EB) differentiation protocol involving transient BMP antagonism. At ~EB-day 9, tdTomato + /Isl1 + CNCs emerged, which progressively differentiated into spontaneously beating, Nkx2.5 + cardiomyocytes. Conclusions: Our findings clarify that Isl1 + CPCs are of CNC and not SHF origin, and suggest a novel role of the mammalian CNC, as a contributor of long-lived myocardial progenitors that could be targeted for heart-related therapeutic purposes.
DeepMerge: Learning to Merge Programs (2022)

In collaborative software development, program merging is <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">the</i> mechanism to integrate changes from multiple programmers. Merge algorithms in modern version control systems report a conflict when changes interfere textually. Merge conflicts require manual intervention and frequently stall modern continuous integration pipelines. Prior work found that, although costly, a large majority of resolutions involve re-arranging text without writing any new code. Inspired by this observation we propose the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">first data-driven approach</i> to resolve merge conflicts with a machine learning model. We realize our approach in a tool <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DeepMerge</small> that uses a novel combination of (i) an edit-aware embedding of merge inputs and (ii) a variation of pointer networks, to construct resolutions from input segments. We also propose an algorithm to localize manual resolutions in a resolved file and employ it to curate a ground-truth dataset comprising 8,719 non-trivial resolutions in JavaScript programs. Our evaluation shows that, on a held out test set, <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DeepMerge</small> can predict correct resolutions for 37% of non-trivial merges, compared to only 4% by a state-of-the-art semistructured merge technique. Furthermore, on the subset of merges with upto 3 lines (comprising 24% of the total dataset), <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DeepMerge</small> can predict correct resolutions with 78% accuracy.
Antioxidant Activity of Hydroxyflavonoids (2005)

The antioxidant activity of 28 natural and synthetic hydroxyflavonoids was estimated through the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibition. The result showed the hydroxylation pattern had close relationship with the appearance of activities.
Electronic Portal Imaging (2020)

In our institute, we have developed an electronic portal imaging system based on a matrix of 256 x 256 ionisation chambers. By improvements to the electronics, the system produces images with the same quality as the original system but 3-10 times faster. Software for automatic image analysis has been applied to more than 10,000 images over the last two years. Using an off-line correction strategy, the systematic patient set-up error has been limited to 5 mm or less for 98% of the patients treated for prostate cancer.
Focused ultrasound-induced transgene activation in skeletal muscles (2006)

Focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced gene activation in the skeletal muscles of a rat model was investigated. Plasmids that encode the luciferase gene under the control of hsp70B promoter were transfected into the skeletal muscles of the hind limbs of a rat model by electroporation. One day following the gene transfection, the left hind limb was treated with 3.3-MHz FUS by raster scan of a 9×9-mm3 area while the right hind limb was used as control. The output of the FUS transducer was adjusted to produce a rapid in vivo temperature rise (&amp;lt;4 s) to three different temperature plateaus in the range of 40–50&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;°C, 50–60&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;°C, and 60–70&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;°C for a treatment duration up to 30 s. One day following FUS treatment, gene expression in vivo was analyzed and tissue injury assessed by H&amp;E staining. It was found that in vivo gene activation and tissue damage were highly correlated with thermal dosage. The highest gene activation was produced by the FUS at 50–60&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;°C with an exposure time of 20 s, which was found to be statistically equivalent to the gene activation produced by water-bath hyperthermia (42&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;°C for 35 min). At this thermal dose, FUS-induced tissue injury was sublethal and could recover in a week.
ChemInform Abstract: New Amino Acids Derived from L‐Pyroglutamic Acid: Synthesis of trans‐4‐Benzyl‐cis‐5‐phenyl‐L‐proline, L‐α‐(2‐Benzyl‐3‐phenylpropyl)‐glycine and L‐α‐(3‐Phenylpropyl)‐glycine. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.