gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liver-specific microRNAs as biomarkers of nanomaterial-induced liver damage (2013)

Although nanomaterials are being used in various fields, their safety is not yet sufficiently understood. We have been attempting to establish a nanomaterials safety-assessment system by using biomarkers to predict nanomaterial-induced adverse biological effects. Here, we focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) because of their tissue-specific expression and high degree of stability in the blood. We previously showed that high intravenous doses of silica nanoparticles of 70 nm diameter (nSP70) induced liver damage in mice. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of serum levels of liver-specific or -enriched miRNAs (miR-122, miR-192, and miR-194) with that of conventional hepatic biomarkers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) as biomarkers for nSP70. After mice had been treated with nSP70, their serum miRNAs levels were measured by using quantitative RT-PCR. Serum levels of miR-122 in nSP70-treated mice were the highest among the three miRNAs. The sensitivity of miR-122 for liver damage was at least as good as those of ALT and AST. Like ALT and AST, miR-122 may be a useful biomarker of nSP70. We believe that these findings will help in the establishment of a nanomaterials safety-assessment system.
Health economics and outcomes research: a new challenge and field of action for the European Heart Rhythm Association (2010)

We live in a time of crisis. Global financial insecurity in recent years has inevitably had its impact on healthcare spending worldwide, irrespectively of political systems or economic levels. At a time when healthcare costs are constantly rising, this raises serious concerns about the effects of budgetary restrictions on everyday clinical practice. It is vital that the medical community take the necessary measures to preserve the principle of equitable and immediate access to appropriate healthcare for those in need.1

As national economies slid into depression, then began slowly to climb out again, the field of arrhythmia management continued to show a steady and impressive advance. The expanding patient population2 and, with it, the growing awareness of the effects of heart rhythm disorders on patients, their families, healthcare providers and healthcare payers, have turned the spotlight on our specialty.

The armamentarium of arrhythmia management has been regularly restocked by technology, not only in the form of new drugs, but also, and more dramatically, through the development and refinement of a dazzling array of innovative devices. These include implantable cardiac defibrillators, implantable devices for cardiac resynchronization therapy, methods for the remote monitoring of pacemakers and implantable defibrillators, and systems for the mapping and ablation of a wide range of complex arrhythmias.

These new technologies are often groundbreaking and, although sometimes hard to assess, their safety, efficacy, and effectiveness have in many cases been established by scientifically robust means such as randomized clinical trials. This evidence underlies the guidelines issued by bodies such as the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Society of Cardiology, also in collaboration with American scientific societies.3–6

The new tools of the electrophysiologist, then, are effective, but they are not cheap. Although the benefit they deliver can be sustained over many years with … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +30 2810 375305; fax: +30 2810 542055, Email: cardio{at}med.uoc.gr
Cavlectometry: Towards Holistic Reconstruction of Large Mirror Objects (2014)

We introduce a method based on the deflectometry principle for the reconstruction of specular objects exhibiting significant size and geometric complexity. A key feature of our approach is the deployment of an Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) as pattern generator. To unfold the full power of this extraordinary experimental setup, an optical encoding scheme is developed which accounts for the distinctive topology of the CAVE. Furthermore, we devise an algorithm for detecting the object of interest in raw deflectometric images. The segmented foreground is used for single-view reconstruction, the background for estimation of the camera pose, necessary for calibrating the sensor system. Experiments suggest a significant gain of coverage in single measurements compared to previous methods. To facilitate research on specular surface reconstruction, we will make our data set publicly available.
Quantum-well tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance above room temperature (2021)

Quantum-well (QW) devices have been extensively investigated in semiconductor structures. More recently, spin-polarized QWs were integrated into magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). In this Letter, we demonstrate the spin-based control of the quantized states in iron $3d$-band QWs, as observed in experiments and theoretical calculations. We find that the magnetization rotation in the Fe QWs significantly shifts the QW quantization levels, which modulate the resonant-tunneling current in MTJs, resulting in a tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) effect of QWs. This QW-TAMR effect is sizable compared with other types of TAMR effect, and it is present above room temperature. In a QW MTJ of $\mathrm{Cr}/\mathrm{Fe}/{\mathrm{MgAl}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}/\mathrm{top}$ electrode, where the QW is formed by a mismatch between Cr and Fe in the $d$ band with ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{1}$ symmetry, a QW-TAMR ratio of up to 5.4% was observed at 5 K, which persisted to 1.2% even at 380 K. The magnetic control of QW transport can open new applications for spin-coupled optoelectronic devices, ultrathin sensors, and memory.
Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry of Anions: Part 2. Assessing Charge Site Location and Isotope Scrambling (2016)

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled with gas-phase hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX)-mass spectrometry (MS) and molecular dynamic simulations (MDS) has been used for structural investigation of anions produced by electrospraying a sample containing a synthetic peptide having the sequence KKDDDDDIIKIIK. In these experiments the potential of the analytical method for locating charge sites on ions as well as for utilizing collision-induced dissociation (CID) to reveal the degree of deuterium uptake within specific amino acid residues has been assessed. For diffuse (i.e., more elongated) [M - 2H](2-) ions, decreased deuterium content along with MDS data suggest that the D4 and D6 residues are charge sites, whereas for the more diffuse [M - 3H](3-) ions, the data suggest that the D4, D7, and the C-terminus are deprotonated. Fragmentation of mobility-selected, diffuse [M - 2H](2-) ions to determine deuterium uptake at individual amino acid residues reveals a degree of deuterium retention at incorporation sites. Although the diffuse [M - 3H](3-) ions may show more HD scrambling, it is not possible to clearly distinguish HD scrambling from the expected deuterium uptake based on a hydrogen accessibility model. The capability of the IMS-HDX-MS/MS approach to provide relevant details about ion structure is discussed. Additionally, the ability to extend the approach for locating protonation sites on positively-charged ions is presented.
Optical multi-channel connector for rigid waveguide and fiber connection (2013)

We propose a newly developed optical multi-channel card edge connector to connect a rigid optical waveguide array fabricated onto a substrate and an optical fiber array for an on-board optical interconnection. The receptacle is placed at the edge of the waveguide and is mechanically aligned to alignment studs directly formed precisely onto the optical waveguide. The plug terminates the optical fiber ribbon using a plastic ferrule, and the ferrule is pushed to the end face of the waveguide using springs for physical contact. The plug is inserted into the housing and is latched by a single action. The connection losses of 12 channel optical card edge connector are 0.8 dB on the waveguide in the GI-50/125 fiber direction, and 1.1 dB on the fiber in the waveguide direction.
Elastic multi-layer resilient IP-over-Flexgrid networking: Detailed cost analysis with bandwidth-variable transponders (2014)

We introduce a mixed-integer optimization model for two-layer IP-over-Flexgrid networks, and present a cost study performed using the CPLEX package for the introduced model. The study concerns a generic German network with 12 nodes and 20 links in the optical layer, and a set of six IP traffic matrices with increasing demand volumes. The optimization assumes a hot-standby mechanism in the optical layer to make the network resilient to cable cuts. The dominant cost drivers are bandwidth-variable transponders. The numerical results reveal that due to the huge spectral capacity of a single fiber, the spectrum allocation problem simplifies significantly in practice. However, the routing problem minimizing the total cost of employed transponders becomes a challenge, but when appropriately approached and solved, can bring reductions in costs of up to 10%.
TIGER: a high contrast infrared imager for the Giant Magellan Telescope (2012)

The Thermal Infrared imager for the GMT which provides Extreme contrast and Resolution (TIGER) is intended as a small-scale, targeted instrument capable of detecting and characterizing exoplanets and circumstellar disks, around both young systems in formation, and more mature systems in the solar neighborhood. TIGER can also provide general purpose infrared imaging at wavelengths from 1.5-14 &mu;m. The instrument will utilize the facility adaptive optics (AO) system. With its operation at NIR to MIR wavelengths (where good image quality is easier to achieve), and much of the high-impact science using modestly bright guide stars, the instrument can be used early in the operation of the GMT. The TIGER concept is a dual channel imager and low resolution spectrometer, with high contrast modes of observations to fulfill the above science goals. A long wavelength channel (LWC) will cover 7-14 &mu;m wavelength, while a short wavelength channel (SWC) will cover the 1.5-5 &mu;m wavelength region. Both channels will have a 30&deg; FOV. In addition to imaging, low-resolution spectroscopy (R=300) is possible with TIGER for both the SWC and LWC, using insertable grisms.
Ultrathin, wafer-scale hexagonal boron nitride on dielectric surfaces by diffusion and segregation mechanism (2017)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is at the center of numerous studies for its applications in novel electronic devices. However, a clear understanding of the growth mechanism is lacking for its wider industrial adoption on technologically relevant substrates such as SiO2. Here, we demonstrate a controllable growth method of thin, wafer scale h-BN films on arbitrary substrates. We also clarify the growth mechanism to be diffusion and surface segregation (D-SS) of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) in Ni and Co thin films on SiO2/Si substrates after exposure to diborane and ammonia precursors at high temperature. The segregation was found to be independent of the cooling rates employed in this report, and to our knowledge has not been found nor reported for 2D h-BN growth so far, and thus provides an important direction for controlled growth of h-BN. This unique segregation behavior is a result of a combined effect of high diffusivity, small film thickness and the inability to achieve extremely high cooling rates in CVD systems. The resulting D-SS h-BN films exhibit excellent electrical insulating behavior with an optical bandgap of about 5.8 eV. Moreover, graphene-on-h-BN field effect transistors using the as-grown D-SS h-BN films show a mobility of about 6000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature.
Coupled effects of hydrostatic pressure and bipolar electric field on the FE-AFE phase transformation in 95/5 PZT (2013)

The behavior of 95/5 PZT subjected to bipolar electrical loading and hydrostatic pressure is studied experimentally. When 95/5 PZT is subjected to high enough hydrostatic pressure it undergoes a ferroelectric to antiferroelectric (FEAFE) phase transformation. Specimens were subjected to two pressure cycles from 0 to 550 MPa at a rate of 50 MPa/min under short circuit conditions. It was found that under the first pressure cycle the specimens undergo a FEAFE phase transformation at 330 MPa indicated by an abrupt compression of 2500 microstrain. Under the second pressure cycle, the transformation no longer occurs at a single pressure level, but is smoothed throughout loading. In another set of experiments, bipolar electric fields were applied up to 3 MV/m at discrete pressure levels. At low pressures, electric displacement-electric field plots exhibited open loop behavior characteristic of soft ferroelectrics. As the pressure was increased past the FE-AFE phase transformation threshold, the open loops closed to nearly linear dielectric. When the driving pressure was decreased the open loop behavior returned at a notably lower pressure level. The transformation pressure is therefore path dependent and is evidence of a pressure hysteresis.
VrtProf: Vertical Profiling for System Virtualization (2010)

As data centers and end users become increasingly reliant on virtualization technology, more efficient and accurate methods of profiling such systems are needed. However, under virtualization the virtual machine and OS each try to manage the same resources independently, the underlying hardware is now multiplexed between many streams of execution, and non-trivial interference can be caused by seemingly unrelated resources. While sampling techniques are effective at gathering average behaviors over long runs, understanding the time-varying behavior of programs under virtualization, the correlation between events at the level of program phases, or the transient effects of rare events requires a new way of profiling virtualized applications. To this end we present VrtProf, a low overhead profiling tool that automates the collection of hardware and software events spanning the vertical execution stack, including the hardware, the virtual machine monitor, the guest kernels, and applications at very fine time scales. We describe the many challenges faced while developing VrtProf, the design of the resulting tool, and how it can be used in practice on several multi-programmed workloads both as virtualized and native executions. We show that VrtProf introduces negligible performance overhead of only 1.2% while capturing the time-varying application behavior with interval granularities as small as a few thousand cycles.
Low voltage, high performance inkjet printed carbon nanotube transistors with solution processed ZrO2 gate insulator (2013)

High-performance single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin-film transistors are fabricated by single-pass inkjet printing of SWCNTs on high-κ solution-processed ZrO2 gate dielectric. We demonstrate that an ultraviolet ozone treatment of the ZrO2 substrate is critical in achieving a uniform dispersion of sorted SWCNTs in the semiconducting channel. The resulting devices exhibit excellent performance with mobility and on/off current ratio exceeding 30 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 105, respectively, at low operating voltages (&amp;lt;5 V). The single-pass inkjet printing process demonstrated in this letter shows great promise as a reliable and scalable method for SWCNT based high performance electronics.
Label-free image-based detection of drug resistance with optofluidic time-stretch microscopy (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Acquired drug resistance is a fundamental predicament in cancer therapy. Early detection of drug-resistant cancer cells during or after treatment is expected to benefit patients from unnecessary drug administration and thus play a significant role in the development of a therapeutic strategy. However, the development of an effective method of detecting drug-resistant cancer cells is still in its infancy due to their complex mechanism in drug resistance. To address this problem, we propose and experimentally demonstrate label-free image-based drug resistance detection with optofluidic time-stretch microscopy using leukemia cells (K562 and K562/ADM). By adding adriamycin (ADM) to both K562 and K562/ADM (ADM-resistant K562 cells) cells, both types of cells express unique morphological changes, which are subsequently captured by an optofluidic time-stretch microscope. These unique morphological changes are extracted as image features and are subjected to supervised machine learning for cell classification. We hereby have successfully differentiated K562 and K562/ADM solely with label-free images, which suggests that our technique is capable of detecting drug-resistant cancer cells. Our optofluidic time-stretch microscope consists of a time-stretch microscope with a high spatial resolution of 780 nm at a 1D frame rate of 75 MHz and a microfluidic device that focuses and orders cells. We compare various machine learning algorithms as well as various concentrations of ADM for cell classification. Owing to its unprecedented versatility of using label-free image and its independency from specific molecules, our technique holds great promise for detecting drug resistance of cancer cells for which its underlying mechanism is still unknown or chemical probes are still unavailable.
Synthetic vaccine particles for durable cytolytic T lymphocyte responses and anti-tumor immunotherapy (2018)

We previously reported that synthetic vaccine particles (SVP) encapsulating antigens and TLR agonists resulted in augmentation of immune responses with minimal production of systemic inflammatory cytokines. Here we evaluated two different polymer formulations of SVP-encapsulated antigens and tested their ability to induce cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in combination with SVP-encapsulated adjuvants. One formulation led to efficient antigen processing and cross-presentation, rapid and sustained CTL activity, and expansion of CD8+ T cell effector memory cells locally and centrally, which persisted for at least 1-2 years after a single immunization. SVP therapeutic dosing resulted in suppression of tumor growth and a substantial delay in mortality in several syngeneic mouse cancer models. Treatment with checkpoint inhibitors and/or cytotoxic drugs, while suboptimal on their own, showed considerable synergy with SVP immunization. SVP encapsulation of endosomal TLR agonists provided superior CTL induction, therapeutic benefit and/or improved safety profile compared to free adjuvants. SVP vaccines encapsulating mutated HPV-16 E7 and E6/E7 recombinant proteins led to induction of broad CTL activity and strong inhibition of TC-1 tumor growth, even when administered therapeutically 13-14 days after tumor inoculation in animals bearing palpable tumors. A pilot study in non-human primates showed that SVP-encapsulated E7/E6 adjuvanted with SVP-encapsulated poly(I:C) led to robust induction of antigen-specific T and B cell responses.
Optimal rectangular filtering matrix for noise reduction in the time domain (2012)

In this paper, we study the noise reduction problem in the time domain and present a frame-based method to decompose the clean speech vector into two orthogonal components: one correlated and the other uncorrelated with the current desired speech vector to be estimated. In comparison with the sample-based decomposition developed in the previous research that uses only forward prediction, this new decomposition exploits both the forward prediction and interpolation. Based on this new decomposition, we formulate different optimization cost functions and address the issue of how to design Wiener and minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) filtering matrices by optimizing these new cost functions. We also discuss the relationship between the Wiener and MVDR filtering matrices and show that the MVDR filtering matrix can achieve noise reduction without adding speech distortion; but it reduces less noise than the Wiener filtering matrix. Compared with the sample-based algorithms developed in the previous study, the proposed frame-based algorithms can achieve better noise reduction performance. Furthermore, they are computationally more efficient, and therefore, more suitable for practical implementation.
Splitting and broadening techniques for SFQ-pulse driver based on SQIF (2006)

We present the detailed analysis of the Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) pulse splitting structure for the output SFQ-pulse driver suggested earlier. The splitter tree is an important part of the driver based on series Superconducting Quantum Interference Filter (SQIF). Conflicting requirements to the circuit parameters and possible approaches to meet the challenges are presented and discussed. Importance of the pulse broadening technique for the driver operation is also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Does Recent Progress in the Knowledge of the Inverse Transcriptase Structure of HIV Suggest the Conception and Synthesis of Novel Enzyme Inhibitors and Novel anti‐AIDS Drugs? (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A -Band-Frequency Agile Microstrip Bandpass Filter Using a Thin-Film HTS/Ferroelectric/Dielectric (2000)

In this paper, we report on YBa Cu O (YBCO) thin-film/SrTiO (STO) thin-film -band tunable bandpass filters on LaAlO (LAO) dielectric substrates. The two-pole filter has a center frequency of 19 GHz and a 4% bandwidth. Tunability is achieved through the nonlinear dc electric-field dependence of the relative dielectric constant of STO . A large tunability ( , where is the center frequency of the filter at no bias and is the center frequency of the filter at the maximum applied bias) of greater than 10% was obtained in YBCO/STO/LAO microstrip bandpass filters operating below 77 K. A center frequency shift of 2.3 GHz (i.e., a tunability factor of approximately 15%) was obtained at a 400-V bipolar dc bias, and 30 K, with minimal degradation in the insertion loss of the filter. This paper addresses design, fabrication, and testing of tunable filters based on STO ferroelectric thin films. The performance of the YBCO/STO/LAO filters is compared to that of gold/STO/LAO counterparts.
Space-frequency motion model for subband/wavelet video coding (2002)

Wavelet-transform lossy coding achieves state-of-the-art performance for still images. For motion-compensated interframes, however, block-transform coding is preferred due to its ability to intracode poorly predicted blocks. Space-frequency half-pixel block matching is a new approach that enables hybrid block-motion-compensated wavelet-coded interframes to efficiently code blocks with low temporal correlation of high-frequency details. Architectural compatibility is maintained and little additional complexity is required to achieve superior performance. Simulation results with both fixed-size block matching and hierarchical-variable-sized block matching indicate that a block size-constrained adaptive choice of interpolation filter improves the PSNR by 0.75 dB for hybrid wavelet interframe coding (versus +0.25 dB for H.263) at multimedia quality bit rates. For H.263, bit rate reduction can approach 30% at higher rates. The method is perceptually successful where a block-translational motion model fails, efficiently reducing falsely introduced detail.