gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-malignant respiratory epithelial cells preferentially proliferate from resected non-small cell lung cancer specimens cultured under conditionally reprogrammed conditions (2016)

The "conditionally reprogrammed cells" (CRC) method, using a Rho kinase inhibitor and irradiated mouse fibroblast cells has been described for the efficient growth of cells from malignant and non-malignant samples from primary tumor and non-malignant sites. Using the CRC method, four institutions independently cultured tumor tissues from 48 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC, mostly from primary resected tumors) and 22 non-malignant lungs. We found that epithelial cells could be cultured from tumor and non-malignant lung. However, epithelial cells cultured from tumors had features of non-malignant respiratory epithelial cells which include: 1) among 22 mutations found in the original tumors only two mutations were found in the CRC cultures with reduced frequency (31% to 13% and 92% to 15% from original tumor and CRC culture respectively); 2) copy number variation was analyzed in 9 tumor and their CRC cultures and only diploid patterns were found in CRC cultures; 3) mRNA expression profiles were similar to those of normal respiratory epithelial cells; and 4) co-culture of tumor and non-malignant lung epithelial cells resulted in mostly non-malignant cells. We conclude that CRC method is a highly selective and useful method for the growth of non-malignant respiratory epithelial cells from tumor specimens and only occasionally do such CRC cultures contain a small subpopulation of cancer cells marked by oncogenic mutations. While our findings are restricted to resected primary NSCLC, they indicated the necessity to fully characterize all CRC cultures and the need to develop culture technology that facilitates the growth of primary lung cancers.
Manipulating charge ordering in Fe3O4 by field cooling (2017)

The conductivity of $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ drops two orders of magnitude below the Verwey temperature ${T}_{v}$, known as the Verwey transition, due to the formation of charge ordering (CO). Here, we report the discovery of a large birefringence effect correlated with the CO in $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ controlled by ultrafast-laser-assisted magnetic field cooling. The polarization rotation (PR) of the light reflected from a single crystalline $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ film below ${T}_{v}$ shows a twofold symmetry as the cooling field (CF) rotates through ${360}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ within the film plane. The maximum PR occurs for the CF parallel to the cubic $\ensuremath{\langle}110\ensuremath{\rangle}$ axes, and its amplitude depends on the sample orientation. These results are well interpreted by taking into account two CO patterns with orthogonal CO orientations, with their fractional areas determined by the ratio of the field components along the [110] and $[1\overline{1}0]$ axes. Our results indicate that application of the CF along $\ensuremath{\langle}110\ensuremath{\rangle}$ axes may result in the single orientation CO state, which is highly desirable for unraveling the subtle CO structure to better understand the driving mechanism of the Verwey transition. In addition, ultrafast pump-probe measurements reveal a diminishment of the twofold PR at 0.8 ps due to fast melting of the CO state by the ultrafast laser pulse.
Crystal Structures of Multidrug Binding Protein TtgR in Complex with Antibiotics and Plant Antimicrobials (2007)

Antibiotic resistance is a widely spread phenomenon. One major mechanism that underlies antibiotic resistance in bacteria is the active extrusion of toxic compounds through the membrane-bound efflux pumps that are often regulated at the transcriptional level. TtgR represses the transcription of TtgABC, a key efflux pump in Pseudomonas putida, which is highly resistant to antibiotics, solvents and toxic plant secondary products. Previously we showed that TtgR is the only reported repressor that binds to different classes of natural antimicrobial compounds, which are also extruded by the efflux pump. We report here five high-resolution crystal structures of TtgR from the solvent-tolerant strain DOT-T1E, including TtgR in complex with common antibiotics and plant secondary metabolites. We provide structural basis for the unique ligand binding properties of TtgR. We identify two distinct and overlapping ligand binding sites; the first one is broader and consists of mainly hydrophobic residues, whereas the second one is deeper and contains more polar residues including Arg176, a unique residue present in the DOT-T1E strain but not in other Pseudomonas strains. Phloretin, a plant antimicrobial, can bind to both binding sites with distinct binding affinities and stoichiometries. Results on ligand binding properties of native and mutant TtgR proteins using isothermal titration calorimetry confirm the binding affinities and stoichiometries, and suggest a potential positive cooperativity between the two binding sites. The importance of Arg176 in phloretin binding was further confirmed by the reduced ability of phloretin in releasing the mutant TtgR from bound DNA compared to the native protein. The results presented here highlight the importance and versatility of regulatory systems in bacterial antibiotic resistance and open up new avenues for novel antimicrobial development.
Routing Policy Specification Language (RPSL) (1998)

RPSL allows a network operator to be able to specify routing policies at various levels in the Internet hierarchy; for example at the Autonomous System (AS) level. At the same time, policies can be specified with sufficient detail in RPSL so that low level router configurations can be generated from them. RPSL is extensible; new routing protocols and new protocol features can be introduced at any time.
SY19-2GUT BACTERIAL DYSBIOSIS IS RELATED TO THE SEVERITY OF ALCOHOL-DEPENDENCE (2015)

Introduction. Increasing experimental data reveal the importance of the gut bacteria in mediating behavioral changes. However, clinical evidences are lacking. In one hand, alcohol-dependent subjects (AD) are known to present with depression, anxiety and neuropsychological disorders. On the other hand, heavy and chronic alcohol consumption is suggested to alter the gut microbiota composition. The aim …
Deep Q-Learning-based Resource Allocation in NOMA Visible Light Communications (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Visible light communication (VLC) has been introduced as a key enabler for high-data rate wireless services in future wireless communication networks. In addition to this, it was also demonstrated recently that non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can further improve the spectral efficiency of multi-user VLC systems. In this context and owing to the significantly promising potential of artificial intelligence in wireless communications, the present contribution proposes a deep Q-learning (DQL) framework that aims to optimize the performance of an indoor NOMA-VLC downlink network. In particular, we formulate a joint power allocation and LED transmission angle tuning optimization problem, in order to maximize the average sum rate and the average energy efficiency. The obtained results demonstrate that our algorithm offers a noticeable performance enhancement into the NOMA-VLC systems in terms of average sum rate and average energy efficiency, while maintaining the minimum convergence time, particularly for higher number of users. Furthermore, considering a realistic downlink VLC network setup, the simulation results have shown that our algorithm outperforms the genetic algorithm (GA) and the differential evolution (DE) algorithm in terms of average sum rate, and offers considerably less run-time complexity.&lt;/p&gt;
A Multistep Lyapunov Approach for Finite-Time Analysis of Biased Stochastic Approximation (2019)

Motivated by the widespread use of temporal-difference (TD-) and Q-learning algorithms in reinforcement learning, this paper studies a class of biased stochastic approximation (SA) procedures under a mild "ergodic-like" assumption on the underlying stochastic noise sequence. Building upon a carefully designed multistep Lyapunov function that looks ahead to several future updates to accommodate the stochastic perturbations (for control of the gradient bias), we prove a general result on the convergence of the iterates, and use it to derive non-asymptotic bounds on the mean-square error in the case of constant stepsizes. This novel looking-ahead viewpoint renders finite-time analysis of biased SA algorithms under a large family of stochastic perturbations possible. For direct comparison with existing contributions, we also demonstrate these bounds by applying them to TD- and Q-learning with linear function approximation, under the practical Markov chain observation model. The resultant finite-time error bound for both the TD- as well as the Q-learning algorithms is the first of its kind, in the sense that it holds i) for the unmodified versions (i.e., without making any modifications to the parameter updates) using even nonlinear function approximators; as well as for Markov chains ii) under general mixing conditions and iii) starting from any initial distribution, at least one of which has to be violated for existing results to be applicable.
Exploration of Two Training Paradigms Using Forced Induced Weight Shifting With the Tethered Pelvic Assist Device to Reduce Asymmetry in Individuals After Stroke (2017)

Many robotic devices in rehabilitation incorporate an assist-as-needed haptic guidance paradigm to promote training. This error reduction model, while beneficial for skill acquisition, could be detrimental for long-term retention. Error augmentation (EA) models have been explored as alternatives. A robotic Tethered Pelvic Assist Device has been developed to study force application to the pelvis on gait and was used here to induce weight shift onto the paretic (error reduction) or nonparetic (error augmentation) limb during treadmill training. The purpose of these case reports is to examine effects of training with these two paradigms to reduce load force asymmetry during gait in two individuals after stroke (>6 mos). Participants presented with baseline gait asymmetry, although independent community ambulators. Participants underwent 1-hr trainings for 3 days using either the error reduction or error augmentation model. Outcomes included the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale for treatment tolerance and measures of force and stance symmetry. Both participants tolerated training. Force symmetry (measured on treadmill) improved from pretraining to posttraining (36.58% and 14.64% gains), however, with limited transfer to overground gait measures (stance symmetry gains of 9.74% and 16.21%). Training with the Tethered Pelvic Assist Device device proved feasible to improve force symmetry on the treadmill irrespective of training model. Future work should consider methods to increase transfer to overground gait.
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Acquired Pancreatic Diabetes: Effects of Insulin Treatment* (1978)

Oral glucose tolerance tests were done in eight insulin-requiring pancreatic diabetic patients to study the effect of withdrawal of insulin treatment on gut hormone release. Basal levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like immunoreactivity, and immunoreactive glucagon levels rose on insulin withdrawal, more so in patients on short-acting insulin, and were lowered by insulin treatment. Insulin treatment did not affect the GIP, glucagon-like immunoreactivity, or IRG responses to oral glucose. Improved glucose tolerance was greater in patients receiving soluble insulin than in those receiving lente insulin, and there was a significant positive linear correlation between basal plasma GIP and blood glucose levels in these patients. Therefore, it is suggested that insulin treatment lowers basal hormones levels, possibly via a metabolic effect, whereas the hormone responses to oral glucose may be controlled by several factors unrelated to insulin administration or changes in glucose homeostasis.
Making the Case for Transit-oriented Development in Downtown Holyoke, Massachusetts (2007)

This report serves to inform the City of Holyoke about compelling features in its downtown district as they would pertain to the creation and management of a transit-oriented development district around the recently created Intermodal Transportation Center, a hub for bus service between Holyoke and other communities in the Pioneer Valley. These features were developed through literature and interview surveys and are described in a SWOT analysis, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as existing and future advantages and disadvantages related to transit-oriented development.\nSome of the more compelling strengths include a municipal reputation for attracting planning grants for large-scale projects to improve the district; a competitive location efficiency in the historic business district, the area's accommodation for multimodal service - particularly pedestrian and transit traffic, and national trends correlating the city's demographic profile to transit ridership support. With little expectation for change, all of these features should translate to the near future in Holyoke.\nChallenges cited in this report include bus-based transit-oriented development's unproven and unfamiliar reputation with stakeholders in the Pioneer Valley, the rustbelt community's tough-luck image in the development community, lagging leadership for the planning technique from state and regional planning officials, the City's zoning regulations that oblige a suburban development model, and excessive parking that presently challenges a comfortable pedesrian environment.\nThese challenges have solutions. Opportunities discussed in this report speak to financing options typical to transit-oriented development projects to generate a favorable reputation, ongoing strategies to increase and highlight the City's accomplishments, recommendations for zoning amendments to encourage pedestrian-friendly development, and popular methods to improve transit's viability as a competitive alternative to car use.\nSome issues are simply beyond the City's hands and will persist as threats to successsful downtown transit-oriented development. These issues include market hesitation to invest in transit-oriented development and Holyoke in general, a challenging reputation established for decades, and persistently lagging support from Beacon Hill for the unique issues confronting communities like Holyoke in the Pioneer Valley.\nTransit-oriented development presents a myriad of benefits and challenges for Holyoke and its stakeholders. Overall, the development technique offers compelling reasons for political and business leaders in Holyoke to adopt policies intended to realize its goals to create a vibrant, economically viable downtown district. This report informs these leaders and offers an opening comment to the ongoing dialogue about Holyoke's renaissance.
Design of a Parallel-Series PHEV for the EcoCAR 2 Competition (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The &lt;i&gt;EcoCAR 2: Plugging into the Future&lt;/i&gt; team at the Ohio State University is designing a Parallel-Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle capable of 50 miles of all-electric range. The vehicle features a 18.9-kWh lithium-ion battery pack with range extending operation in both series and parallel modes made possible by a 1.8-L ethanol (E85) engine and 6-speed automated manual transmission. This vehicle is designed to drastically reduce fuel consumption, with a utility factor weighted fuel economy of 75 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (mpgge), while meeting Tier II Bin 5 emissions standards. This report details the rigorous design process followed by the Ohio State team during Year 1 of the competition. The design process includes identifying the team customer's needs and wants, selecting an overall vehicle architecture and completing detailed design work on the mechanical, electrical and control systems. This effort was made possible through support from the U.S. Department of Energy, General Motors, The Ohio State University, and numerous competition and local sponsors.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure S5 from YAP Orchestrates Heterotypic Endothelial Cell Communication via HGF/c-MET Signaling in Liver Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Molecular characterization of LSECs and CECs in YAP-induced tumorigenesis&lt;/p&gt;
On the Performance of Mixed RF-VLC Relaying Systems for HST Communication (2022)

The emerging fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems are a promising solution to support the high data rate for high-speed trains (HSTs). In this article, we propose a cooperative mixed radio frequency (RF)-visible light communication (VLC) system to avoid the high penetration loss of the direct link between the end-users (UE) and the base station (BS). Our motivation is mainly based on the suitability of VLC technologies for indoor systems and their advantages to tackle forthcoming spectrum crunch, wide spectral availability, and easy bandwidth reuse. In the proposed system setup, the outdoor BS-relay is served by the backhaul RF links subject to double shadowing due to slow moving obstacles and pedestrian, while the data traffic inside the HST is conveyed by an indoor VLC system. Moreover, it is assumed that the relay node has imperfect channel state information (CSI) due to the mobility of the HST. We first statistically characterize the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Then, the performance is analyzed by deriving the exact closed-form expressions for key metrics such as outage probability and average bit error rate (BER).
Conservation of spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum of light in nonlinear frequency conversion (2021)

The conservation of spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum (ST-OAM) of light is observed in second-harmonic generation for the first time. The space-time topological charge of the fundamental ST-OAM field is doubled along with the optical frequency.
Vandetanib, Designed to Inhibit VEGFR2 and EGFR Signaling, Had No Clinical Activity as Monotherapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer and No Detectable Modulation of VEGFR2 (2010)

Vandetanib 300 mg daily monotherapy had no significant clinical benefit in this disease setting. Proteomic analysis of paired biopsies detected both phosphorylated-EGFR and phosphorylated-VEGF receptor-2 in ovarian tumor tissue, but only phosphorylated-EGFR was measurably inhibited by vandetanib.
Infrared nano-spectroscopy of ferroelastic domain walls in hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca3Ti2O7 (2019)

Ferroic materials are well known to exhibit heterogeneity in the form of domain walls. Understanding the properties of these boundaries is crucial for controlling functionality with external stimuli and for realizing their potential for ultra-low power memory and logic devices as well as novel computing architectures. In this work, we employ synchrotron-based near-field infrared nano-spectroscopy to reveal the vibrational properties of ferroelastic (90[Formula: see text] ferroelectric) domain walls in the hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]. By locally mapping the Ti-O stretching and Ti-O-Ti bending modes, we reveal how structural order parameters rotate across a wall. Thus, we link observed near-field amplitude changes to underlying structural modulations and test ferroelectric switching models against real space measurements of local structure. This initiative opens the door to broadband infrared nano-imaging of heterogeneity in ferroics.
Progress in the study of molecular mechanism in water diffusion weighted MRI (2013)

This paper briefly introduces the principles and influence factors of diffusion weighted MRI(DW MRI),and multi-b values in clinical application of DWI.The challenges exist in using traditional simple water diffusion to interpret the principle of clinical DW MR imaging were also discussed.The theory of aquaporin and its recent research status,as well as the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) under pathological and physiological condition and water channel protein(aquaproins,AQPs) expression were focused on.Until now,no result was acquired through using molecular imaging technique for direct access of the relationship between ADC and AQP expression.Finally,the new prospect of the water channel protein molecular imaging was introduced.From the aspect of molecular biology,molecular medicine and molecular imaging to renew knowledge and upgrade the point of view in recognizing water diffusion MR imaging and its potential clinical application is urgent and important.
Four- and eight-echo diagonal interleaved echo planar scanning (1990)

Head and body size images are discussed which were made by collecting four or eight data space lines per TR period. The images have a standard clinical number of pixels (128 x 256) and were made with no data averaging. The lines of data in the data space were collected along diagonal Cartesian echo planar trajectories. In this type of scanning, the main source of error is known to be the inhomogeneity of the main field. Phase angles caused by inhomogeneity can largely be eliminated and scanning speed increased by using the half Fourier method with full Fourier phase maps, but one phase map is required for each echo. To prevent having a speed increase only in scans taking longer than 10 seconds, some attention to GRASS and/or FLASH technology is also required. In addition, the method can be applied to directly to FLASH/GRASS as is demonstrated by a two echo GRASS scan. Fastest image time was 1.9 seconds.
Cache-Assisted Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Backhauling for 5G Cellular Networks (2017)

Fast growth of Internet content and availability of electronic devices such as smart phones and laptops has created an explosive content demand. As one of the 5G technology enablers, caching is a promising technique to off-load the network backhaul and reduce the content delivery delay. Satellite communications provides immense area coverage and high data rate, hence, it can be used for large-scale content placement in the caches. In this work, we propose using hybrid mono/multi-beam satellite-terrestrial backhaul network for off-line edge caching of cellular base stations in order to reduce the traffic of terrestrial network. The off-line caching approach is comprised of content placement and content delivery phases. The content placement phase is performed based on local and global content popularities assuming that the content popularity follows Zipf-like distribution. In addition, we propose an approach to generate local content popularities based on a reference Zipf-like distribution to keep the correlation of content popularity. Simulation results show that the hybrid satellite-terrestrial architecture considerably reduces the content placement time while sustaining the cache hit ratio quite close to the upper-bound compared to the satellite-only method.