gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of emitter material transport in thermionic converter (1996)

Output power and efficiency of a thermionic converter depend on temperatures, cesiated work functions, and emissivities of electrodes as well as the interelectrode gap size. Operation lifetime of a thermionic converter is directly related to the values as well as the stability of these parameters, which can be seriously altered by the transport of emitter material to the collector during operation. Loss rate of tungsten, a preferred emitter material, by sublimation at typical operating temperatures is small (about 3×107 atom/cm2 sec at 2000 K). The loss rate, however, can be several orders of magnitude higher in the presence of gaseous contaminants. Accelerated transport of emitter material to collector surface changes the effective emissivity and work functions of the electrodes, resulting in performance degradation. A phenomenological model was developed to simulate emitter material transport to the collector in the presence of oxygen, water vapor, and carbon oxide contaminants. The model accounts for interaction of these contaminants with both emitter and collector. Model results were in agreement with experimental data and theoretical results of other investigators. An analysis was performed to determine steady‐state chemical composition of deposited material onto the collector surface in the presence of H2O, O2, and H2 gaseous contaminants.
OpenFab (2019)

3D printing hardware is rapidly scaling up to output continuous mixtures of multiple materials at increasing resolution over ever larger print volumes. This poses an enormous computational challenge: large high-resolution prints comprise trillions of voxels and petabytes of data, and modeling and describing the input with spatially varying material mixtures at this scale are simply challenging. Existing 3D printing software is insufficient; in particular, most software is designed to support only a few million primitives, with discrete material choices per object. We present OpenFab, a programmable pipeline for synthesis of multimaterial 3D printed objects that is inspired by RenderMan and modern GPU pipelines. The pipeline supports procedural evaluation of geometric detail and material composition, using shader-like fablets , allowing models to be specified easily and efficiently. The pipeline is implemented in a streaming fashion: only a small fraction of the final volume is stored in memory, and output is fed to the printer with a little startup delay. We demonstrate it on a variety of multimaterial objects.
Improved Cooperation Between Service Company and Operator for Faster Development of Better Tools (2008)

Abstract The present paper describes the prize to be gained when thorough feedback and co-operation between operator and service company are made a priority during the application of new tools in the oilfield. A real life example is provided to highlight how solution driven discussion and prompt detailed data sharing can enable service companies to develop new tools faster and cheaper to satisfy operator needs of tool reliability and accuracy. In July 2007, BP field-tested the impact tool during a memory PLT campaign in an onshore oilfield, UK. The impact tool is a memory gauge that is capable of logging downhole P/T information, tool-string angle and bi-directional impact resulting from jarring activities. While this trial was the first-time run of this tool within BP, across the industry it was the third application just in the North Sea. Yet during the job it became obvious that there was a need for further improvement of the tool in areas of tool function and set-up. Intensive discussion with the tool-provider on future enhancements of the tool commenced while operations were still going on. Based on this close co-operation, the vendor was able to develop solutions and implement them in the tool within weeks. The paper will provide insights into the project planning, share the relevant details of the operational phase and conclude with the obtained learning which lead to the enhancement of the impact tool. Since implementation of the modifications, the tool has shown excellent results and outstanding performance in recent field-operations.
A synthetic analogue of the carboxylate-binding pocket of vancomycin (1986)

A synthetic analogue of the right-hand ring of vancomycin, the region in the antibiotic which contains the pocket for binding to the terminal carboxylate of D-Ala-D-Ala containing peptides, has been prepared and shows structural and spectroscopic similarity to the natural molecule.
Adjuvant capesitabine in combination with docetaxel (T), epirubicin (E), and cyclophosphamide (C) in the treatment of early breast cancer (BC): 10-year survival results from the randomized FinXX trial. (2016)

1001 Background: The role of capecitabine (X) in the adjuvant treatment of BC is not established, and few long-term survival data are available. In an analysis of the Finland Capecitabine Trial (FinXX), based on a median FU of 59 months (JCO 2012;30:11-8), patients (pts) treated with X-containing adjuvant chemotherapy did not have significantly longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) as compared with the control group (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.60-1.04, P= .087), but in an exploratory analysis a significant benefit emerged in the subset with triple negative BC (TNBC; ER-, PgR-, and HER2-; HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.88). Methods: Eligible pts had either axillary node-positive or high-risk node-negative BC (tumor >20 mm and PgR-). Pts were randomly assigned centrally either to 3 3-wkly cycles of docetaxel (T, 80 mg/m2) followed by 3 3-wkly cycles of C600 E75 F600 (T-CEF) or to 3 3-wkly cycles of TX (T60 , X1800 for dd. 1-15) followed by 3 3-wkly cycles of C600 E75 X1800 (TX-CEX). A total of 1,500 patients were entered to FinXX from 20 sites in Finland or Sweden between Jan 27, 2004, and May 29, 2007 (T-CEF, 747; TX-CEX, 753). Five pts withdrew consent. The data collection cut-off date for this preplanned analysis was Dec 31, 2015. Results: During a median FU of 10.3 yrs 142 RFS events occurred in the TX-CEX group and 161 in the T-CEF group (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.68-1.07; P= .168), and 120 and 141 pts died, respectively (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.65-1.06, P= .132; 92 vs. 113 pts died from BC). Pts with TNBC (n=202) had more favorable RFS (HR 0.43, 0.24-0.79: P= .007) and survival (HR 0.55, 0.31-0.96, P= .037) when treated with TX-CEX compared to T-CEF; no significant benefit was found in other ER/PgR/HER2-defined subgroups. The numbers of contralateral BCs (T-CEF, 24; TX-CEX, 28) and other second cancers (T-CEF, 41; TX-CEX, 35) were similar. AML was diagnosed in 4 pts. Conclusions: Integration of X to the taxane-anthracycline backbone did not prolong RFS or survival. The survival benefit in favor of TX-CEX had persisted in the TNBC subgroup, but this finding should be viewed with caution due to the small subgroup size and the exploratory nature of the analysis. Clinical trial information: NCT00114816.
A Classical Algorithm Which Also Beats $\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}π\frac{1}{\sqrt{D}}$ For High Girth MAX-CUT (2021)

We give a simple classical algorithm which provably achieves the performance in the title. The algorithm is a simple modification of the Gaussian wave process.
Interleukin (IL) 4 counteracts the helper effect of IL 2 on antigen‐activated human B cells (1989)

We tested the effect of interleukin (IL) 4 on the specific IgM antibody response induced by trinitrophenylated-polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) in cultures of human B cells. T cell help was provided by exogeneous IL2. IL4 profoundly suppressed the response to optimal concentrations (50 U/ml) of IL2, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 6 U/ml. This was due neither to a shift in the kinetics nor to a switch to an IgG response. The production of anti-TNP antibody (as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the culture supernatant) was inhibited to the same extent as the generation of plaque-forming cells. The effect of IL4 was completely abolished by a neutralizing antibody toward IL4. Kinetic studies showed that IL4 had to be present during the first 48 h of culture to fully inhibit the response. The sequential stimulation of B cells by antigen and by IL2 showed that IL4 does not negatively interfere with signaling through membrane Ig but counteracts the effect of IL2 on antigen-activated B cells.
String paradigm in nonimaging optics (2006)

Conversely to the common way, geometrical optical in free-space and two dimensions is deduced from black body radiation transfer. This is obtained from the only hypothesis of energy conservation, reciprocity and that the emission of convex bodies is proportional to their perimeter. The analysis of an abstract relay element will lead to deduce the reflection law in an unconventional form and new properties of the elliptical mirror as an ideal radiation transfer device.
Misorientations in [001] magnetite thin films studied by electron backscatter diffraction and magnetic force microscopy (2007)

Magnetite thin films grown on [001] oriented MgO substrates are analyzed by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis and magnetic force microscopy in applied fields. The EBSD technique enables the crystallographic orientation of individual grains to be determined with a high spatial resolution up to 20nm on such ceramic samples. A high image quality of the recorded Kikuchi patterns was achieved enabling multiphase scans and high spatial resolution measurements. Upon annealing in air, the magnetic properties of the magnetite thin films were found to change considerably. Using the EBSD analysis, we find that misoriented grains remaining after the annealing step form small islands with a size of about 100nm. The size and distribution of these islands correspond well to the observations of antiferromagnetic pinning centers within the magnetic domain structures carried out by magnetic force microscopy on the same samples.
Bonding and oxidation protection of Ti${_2}$AlC and Cr${_2}$AlC for a\n Ni-based Superalloy (2019)

Alumina forming, oxidation and thermal shock resistant MAX phases are of a\nhigh interest for high temperature applications. Herein we report, on bonding\nand resulting interactions between a Ni-based superalloy, NSA, and two alumina\nforming MAX phases. The diffusion couples Cr${_2}$AlC/Inconel-718/Ti${_2}$AlC\nwere assembled and heated to 1000 or 1100{\\deg}C in a vacuum hot press under\nloads corresponding to stresses of either 2 MPa or 20 MPa. The resulting\ninterfaces were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy\nand energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Good bonding between Cr${_2}$AlC and\nNSA was achieved after hot pressing at 1000{\\deg}C and a contact pressure of\nonly 2 MPa; in the case of Ti${_2}$AlC a higher temperature (1100{\\deg}C) and\npressure (20 MPa) were needed. In both cases, a diffusion bond was realized\nwith no evidence of interfacial damage or cracking after cooling to room\ntemperature. Twenty thermal cycles from room temperature to 1000{\\deg}C showed\nthat Ti${_2}$AlC is a poor oxidation barrier for Inconel-718. However, in the\ncase of Cr${_2}$AlC no cracks, delamination nor surface degradation were\nobserved, suggesting that this material could be used to protect Inconel-718\nfrom oxidation.\n
Rate-Dependence of the Key Performance Parameters in an Anger Logic Based PET Detector (2005)

The image quality of a PET scanner depends strongly on the spatial, energy, and time resolution of the detector. These parameters are usually specified for the case of low count rates. At higher rates, signals from subsequent events can overlap, and this pile-up deteriorates the resolution. In an Anger based detector, the high encoding ratio of scintillator pixels to photo multiplier tubes (PMTs) facilitates pile-up. The probability of pile-up depends on the detector geometry, the scintillator material, and the trigger scheme, and it increases with the count rate. In this paper, the key performance parameters of a whole-body PET detector are investigated as a function of the rate. Experimentally, we use scintillator arrays which can be coupled to PMT arrays with PMTs of different size, but otherwise similar characteristics. First results are presented which show-that signal pile-up leads to only small performance deterioration in typical /sup 18/F oncology studies, but has to be considered when using short lived tracers, e.g. based on /sup 11/C or /sup 15/O.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Bicyclic Lactam Inhibitors of Thrombin: Potency and Selectivity Optimization Through P1 Residues. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Emerging Biorefining Platform: Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing Using Reactive Fractionation Technology (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lithium Secondary Battery Based on Intercalation in Carbon Fibers As Negative Electrode (1994)

Abstract Lithium secondary batteries using carbon as negative electrode with intercalated Li have been developed. Various kinds of carbon fibers with different crystallographic and macroscopic structure are applied as a negative electrode for the lithium secondary batteries with 1 mol LiClO4/propylene carbonate electrolyte. The battery performances of the fibrous electrode are evaluated as a function of the structure of the carbon fibers. Not only the crystallographic structures but also the morphology of the fibers affect the battery performances. It was shown that Li is stored to form electrochemically the 1st stage compounds in well-ordered and even in disordered carbon fiber electrodes.
PIERCENDO: Design of a mechanical anchorage and positioning tool for gastric implantation (2013)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Community Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Patients With Influenzalike Illnesses Presenting to a Los Angeles Medical Center in March 2020 (2020)

This study characterizes the prevalence of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among patients presenting with influenzalike illness who underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus over 4 days in March 2020.
Comparison between risperidone, olanzapine, and clozapine in the management of chronic schizophrenia: a naturalistic prospective 12‐week observational study (2006)

Risperidone, olanzapine, and clozapine are three atypical antipsychotic medications commonly used in the management of chronic schizophrenia. While they offer advantages with regard to clinical efficacy and side-effect profile, few studies have compared them in a naturalistic prospective observational manner. This study therefore investigated their comparative efficacy over 12 weeks including illness characteristics and adverse effects. One hundred thirty-one patients (76 M, 55 F) with DSMI-V schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were treated with risperidone (n = 38), olanzapine (n = 38), or clozapine (n = 55). All patients showed a significant decrease of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)-positive scores. Decreases in tardive dyskinesia and impulsivity scores were noted with clozapine and olanzapine, respectively. No differences between the medications were noted on depression, anxiety, EPS, or overt aggression scores. Olanzapine and clozapine appeared to be more effective in females. Males showed a decreased sexual performance irrespective of the medication and those treated with risperidone and clozapine showed greater proportional reduction of overt aggression. Clozapine-treated patients showed significant increased weight, increased glucose levels, and lowered sexual performance. Risperidone patients tended to exhibit reduced cholesterol levels. Higher creatine kinase (CK) levels were noted in risperidone-treated patients. While cautious given the nature of the study design, results suggest differences in the response to various atypical antipsychotic medications regarding efficacy and side-effect susceptibility.
Novel Rat Models of Diabetic Nephropathy Displaying Pronounced Tubular Fibrosis and Glomerular Alterations (2018)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a long-term complication of diabetes characterized by proteinuria and loss of kidney function. Up to one third of patients with diabetes develop DN, and no new therapies targeting DN have been introduced for more than a decade. The lack of treatment options may, in part, be caused by the scarcity of translatable rodent models. We have established a surgically induced rat model of non-insulin dependent type 1-like diabetes (90% pancreatectomy, Px), displaying a stable blood glucose of &amp;gt;20 mmol/L. In addition, both Px and uninephrectomy (UNx) was performed simultaneously to potentially increase progression of renal pathological changes. Kidneys in the Px diabetic rat model displayed hypertrophy of glomeruli, cortex, and medulla 11 weeks post-surgery. Renal fibrosis was significantly increased in Px rats vs. nondiabetic control animals, as determined by quantitative histology following picro-sirius red staining of collagen (total kidney collagen, Px vs. controls; 127 ± 8 mg vs. 39 ± 5 mg, p&amp;lt;0.001). Plasma urea was increased in Px rats compared to nondiabetic animals (8.3 ± 0.6 vs. 5.5 ± 0.3 mmol/L, p&amp;lt;0.01). Finally, gene expression of the kidney injury markers NGAL and KIM1 as well as gene expression of pro-fibrotic macrophage markers (mannose receptor, MGL1, and CD163) was increased in Px rat kidneys. Px-UNx rats developed a diabetic phenotype similar to that observed in Px rats. In contrast, a highly increased kidney weight was detected with the more advanced surgical approach. Detailed histological analyses will establish whether glomerular and tubular pathology is exacerbated to a comparable extent. In conclusion, our data suggest that the Px model develops profound renal hypertrophy and fibrosis, and that renal hypertrophy is exacerbated in the Px-UNx model. Thus, Px alone and Px-UNx in rats may represent novel, strong alternatives to streptozotocin-induced diabetes and genetic models for the study of DN drug candidates. Disclosure T. Secher: Employee; Self; Gubra. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. T.T. Johansen: None. M.V. Oestergaard: None. P.J. Pedersen: None. N.E. Zois: Employee; Self; Gubra. T.X. Pedersen: Employee; Self; Gubra. N. Vrang: Board Member; Self; Gubra. Employee; Self; Gubra. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Gubra. K. Fosgerau: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Employee; Self; Gubra. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Gubra. L.N. Fink: Employee; Self; Gubra. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S.
Permanganate-oxalic acid reaction: A modified approach using surfactant solutions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPermanganate-oxalic acid reaction: A modified approach using surfactant solutionsD. Suresh Ponraj , R. Venkataraman , and P. S. Raghavan Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 7, 621Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1990Published inissue 1 July 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ed067p621RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (505 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Ultrafast laser writing quill effect in low loss waveguide fabrication regime (2018)

The quill effect is a laser writing phenomenon in which different fabrication effects occur, depending upon the direction of laser translation. It has not yet, to our knowledge, been studied in the low-loss-waveguide (LLW) writing regime, probably due to its very weak visibility under conventional transmission microscope in that regime. In this report, with the help of adaptive third harmonic generation microscopy, we reveal the quill effect in the LLW writing regime and show its influences on the properties of laser-written photonic integrated components, in terms of polarization-related properties in fused silica and beam-splitting ratios of three-waveguide-coupler in borosilicate glass.
AdaSplit: Adaptive Trade-offs for Resource-constrained Distributed Deep Learning (2021)

Distributed deep learning frameworks like federated learning (FL) and its variants are enabling personalized experiences across a wide range of web clients and mobile/IoT devices. However, FL-based frameworks are constrained by computational resources at clients due to the exploding growth of model parameters (eg. billion parameter model). Split learning (SL), a recent framework, reduces client compute load by splitting the model training between client and server. This flexibility is extremely useful for low-compute setups but is often achieved at cost of increase in bandwidth consumption and may result in sub-optimal convergence, especially when client data is heterogeneous. In this work, we introduce AdaSplit which enables efficiently scaling SL to low resource scenarios by reducing bandwidth consumption and improving performance across heterogeneous clients. To capture and benchmark this multi-dimensional nature of distributed deep learning, we also introduce C3-Score, a metric to evaluate performance under resource budgets. We validate the effectiveness of AdaSplit under limited resources through extensive experimental comparison with strong federated and split learning baselines. We also present a sensitivity analysis of key design choices in AdaSplit which validates the ability of AdaSplit to provide adaptive trade-offs across variable resource budgets.
Origins of High Mobility and Low Operation Voltage of Amorphous Oxide TFTs: Electronic Structure, Electron Transport, Defects and Doping* (2009)

Amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) are expected as new channel materials in thin-film transistors (TFTs) for large-area and/or flexible flat-panel displays and other giant-microelectronics devices. So far, many prototype displays have been demonstrated in these four years since the first report of AOS TFT. The most prominent feature of AOS TFTs is that they operate with good performances even if they are fabricated at low temperatures without a defect passivation treatment. The TFT mobilities exceed 10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(Vmiddots), which are more than ten times larger than those of conventional amorphous semiconductor devices. In addition, they operate at low voltages, e.g., < 5 V owing to their small subthreshold voltage swings. These features indicate that electron transport in oxide semiconductors are insensitive to random structures and these oxides do not form high-density defects that affect electron transport and TFT operation. In this paper, we discuss the origins of the prominent features of AOS devices from the viewpoint of materials science of AOS.