gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of N‐Vinyl Lactam with Reactive Monomers (2021)

Abstract This chapter begins with the copolymerization of N‐vinyl pyrrolidone with N‐vinyl caprolactam. It describes the copolymerization of N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) with N‐vinyl formamide (VF), as another example of N‐vinyl amide comonomer. The reactivity ratio for VF and VP monomers are unity, and their copolymerization is the rare case of an azeotropic copolymerization, where the composition of the feed is identical to that found in the copolymer. Polyvinyl acetate is used in water‐based latex as a film former. It is also used in adhesives due to its tacky nature. Maleic anhydride does not readily homopolymerize on its own, and only low molecular weight oligomers are typically formed when using conventional free‐radical polymerization. Poly‐N‐substituted maleimides provides for stiff resins with high thermal and chemical resiliency. These desirable properties are important in the focused development of new polymeric materials combining high thermal and mechanical performance with new functional properties.
Results of a phase I/II dose-finding and efficacy study of the tumor-targeting 131I-L19SIP human recombinant mini-antibody in patients (pts) with cancer (2010)

1153 Objectives Human recombinant mini-antibody L19 selectively binds the angiogenesis-related and tumor stroma associated antigen extradomain B fibronectin (EDBF). 131I-L19SIP is being investigated in pts with solid cancer to define the MTD for a single application. Methods All pts had recurrent, progressive disease (PD), documented by CT and [18F]FDG-PET/CT. A tracer amount of 131I-L19SIP (185 MBq) was given for biodistribution/dosimetry evaluations. Whole-body, spot, and SPECT/CT images were acquired after 131I-L19SIP injection (SPECT/CT images obtained 24, 48, 96 h post-injection). Dosimetry to normal organs and lesions was estimated as absorbed dose (Gy). 3 cohorts of pts were scheduled to receive 4107, 5143, or 6167 MBq/m2 of 131I-L19SIP. Post-therapy planar whole-body and SPECT/CT images were obtained 8-12 d post-administration of the therapeutic dose to confirm specific tumor targeting. Results 12 pts were enrolled: NSCLC (4), mesothelioma (3), thymoma (2), other (3). Based on selective uptake into tumor lesions (lesion/background ratio ≥4) 10 pts were eligible for the therapeutic 131I-L19SIP dose. 7 pts have been treated (2 pts excluded due to PD; 1 pt awaiting therapy). No DLT observed so far, with the 1st dose cohort closed and the 2nd actively recruiting. Transient G1-4 thrombocytopenia and lymphocytopenia were observed with spontaneous recovery; no other systemic or organ-specific toxicity. Sequential [18F]FDG-PET/CT at 2 m after therapy demonstrated significant reduction in [18F]FDG uptake in 1 pt, stable disease in 5 pts, and PD in 1 pt. Conclusions EDBF is a promising target for the antibody-based delivery of therapeutic agents in pts with solid cancer. A single administration of up to 5143 MBq/m2 131I-L19SIP is well tolerated
Metal‐Metal Multiple Bonds Formed Across Two Tungsten‐Calix[4]arenes by a Reductive Coupling Reaction (1997)

Tungsten–tungsten double and triple bonds are found in the dimers 1 (structure depicted on the right; calixarene substituents partly omitted) and 2, respectively, formed by the reductive coupling of the corresponding dichlorotungsten compounds. In 1 the two Na+ ions are located in the calixarene cavity; in 2 they bridge the two calixarene units. py = pyridine.
Antiinflammatory activity and structure-activity relationships of some 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthoic acids (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntiinflammatory activity and structure-activity relationships of some 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthoic acidsP. F. Juby, W. R. Goodwin, T. W. Hudyma, and R. A. PartykaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 12, 1306–1310Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00282a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (555 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Temporary Electrostatic Impairment of DNA Recognition: Light‐Driven DNA Binding of Peptide Dimers (2012)

Appending negatively charged Glu8 tails to a peptide dimer derived from the GCN4 transcription factor leads to an effective suppression of its DNA binding. The specific DNA recognition can be restored by irradiation with UV light by using a photolabile linker between the acidic tail and the DNA binding peptide. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Opening of Terminal Epoxides with 2‐(Trialkylsilyl) allyl Organometallic Reagents. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Slc9a6 mutation causes Purkinje cell loss and ataxia in the shaker rat (2023)

The shaker rat carries a naturally occurring mutation leading to progressive ataxia characterized by Purkinje cell (PC) loss. We previously reported on fine-mapping the shaker locus to the long arm of the rat X chromosome. In this work, we sought to identify the mutated gene underlying the shaker phenotype and confirm its identity by functional complementation. We fine-mapped the candidate region and analyzed cerebellar transcriptomes, identifying a XM_217630.9 (Slc9a6):c.[191_195delinsA] variant in the Slc9a6 gene that segregated with disease. We generated an adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting Slc9a6 expression to PCs using the mouse L7-6 (L7) promoter. We administered the AAV prior to the onset of PC degeneration through intracerebroventricular injection and found that it reduced the shaker motor, molecular and cellular phenotypes. Therefore, Slc9a6 is mutated in shaker and AAV-based gene therapy may be a viable therapeutic strategy for Christianson syndrome, also caused by Slc9a6 mutation.
Al-2.42 Dose to Clear (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Noninvasive assessment of steatosis and viability of cold‐stored human liver grafts by MRI (2021)

Temperature correction is essential for robust measurement of proton density fat fraction and T<sub>1</sub> in cold-stored human livers. These parameters may provide a noninvasive measure of viability for transplantation.
Identification of Novel Functions for Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E1 in Virus Entry and Assembly (2017)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein complex is composed of E1 and E2 subunits. E2 is the receptor-binding protein as well as the major target of neutralizing antibodies, whereas the functions of E1 remain poorly defined. Here, we took advantage of the recently published structure of the N-terminal region of the E1 ectodomain to interrogate the functions of this glycoprotein by mutating residues within this 79-amino-acid region in the context of an infectious clone. The phenotypes of the mutants were characterized to determine the effects of the mutations on virus entry, replication, and assembly. Furthermore, biochemical approaches were also used to characterize the folding and assembly of E1E2 heterodimers. Thirteen out of 19 mutations led to viral attenuation or inactivation. Interestingly, two attenuated mutants, T213A and I262A, were less dependent on claudin-1 for cellular entry in Huh-7 cells. Instead, these viruses relied on claudin-6, indicating a shift in receptor dependence for these two mutants in the target cell line. An unexpected phenotype was also observed for mutant D263A which was no longer infectious but still showed a good level of core protein secretion. Furthermore, genomic RNA was absent from these noninfectious viral particles, indicating that the D263A mutation leads to the assembly and release of viral particles devoid of genomic RNA. Finally, a change in subcellular colocalization between HCV RNA and E1 was observed for the D263A mutant. This unique observation highlights for the first time cross talk between HCV glycoprotein E1 and the genomic RNA during HCV morphogenesis.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. It encodes two envelope proteins, E1 and E2, which play a major role in the life cycle of this virus. E2 has been extensively characterized, whereas E1 remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated E1 functions by using site-directed mutagenesis in the context of the viral life cycle. Our results identify unique phenotypes. Unexpectedly, two mutants clearly showed a shift in receptor dependence for cell entry, highlighting a role for E1 in modulating HCV particle interaction with a cellular receptor(s). More importantly, another mutant led to the assembly and release of viral particles devoid of genomic RNA. This unique phenotype was further characterized, and we observed a change in subcellular colocalization between HCV RNA and E1. This unique observation highlights for the first time cross talk between a viral envelope protein and genomic RNA during morphogenesis.
Agarose-Assisted Dip-Pen Nanolithography of Oligonucleotides and Proteins (2009)

This paper describes a method for the direct transfer of biomolecules encapsulated within a viscous fluid matrix by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). The method relies on the use of agarose as a "universal" carrier that is compatible with many types of biomolecules including proteins and oligonucleotides. Agarose-assisted DPN allows one to generate nanoarrays of such materials on activated glass substrates with the same deposition rates for different biomolecules, which will greatly expand future capabilities for parallel, multiplexed biomolecule deposition. The fluidity of the matrix may be systematically varied to control the deposition process, resulting in an additional parameter affecting deposition rates besides tip-substrate contact-time and humidity. Agarose-assisted DPN results in extremely fast biomolecule patterning with typical contact times less than 1 s. Feature sizes as small as 50 nm are demonstrated. The biorecognition properties of both protein and oligonucleotide structures are characterized by studying their reactivity with fluorophore-labeled antibody and complementary oligonucleotide sequences, respectively.
Evaluation of the Stimulant Content of Dietary Supplements Marketed as “Ephedra-Free” (2007)

Background: With the removal of stimulant herb ephe-dra from the market, dietary supplement manufacturers are coming out with many ephedra-free products. Some of these products appear to simply replace ephedra with stimulants by another name.Objective: To determine the stimulant content of dietary supplements marketed as ephedra-free.Design: Survey of the ingredients of dietary supplements that are stated as “ephedra-free” in the label or promotional material.Results: Out of 36 products marketed as ephedra-free, 32 (89%) contained a methylxanthine such as caffeine or theobromine, 21 (58%) contained the stimulant synephrine, and 20 (56%) contained both a methylxanthine and synephrine.Limitations: The results of this evaluation pertain only to products discovered through Internet and database searching.Conclusions: Most dietary supplement makers have substituted stimulants by a different name for ephedra in their “ephedra-free” products. Patients need to be advised that ephedra-free products are not necessarily stimulant free and may present a significant risk.
Development of Regime Recognition Tools for Usage Monitoring (2007)

Usage monitoring entails determining the actual usage of a component on the aircraft and requires accurate recognition of regimes. In this paper, a data mining approach is adopted for regime recognition. In particular, a regime recognition algorithm developed based on hidden Markov models is presented. The developed algorithm was validated using the flight card data of an Army UH-60L helicopter. The performance of this regime recognition algorithm was also compared with other data mining methods using the same dataset. Using the flight card information and regime definitions, a dataset of about 56,000 data points labeled with 50 regimes recorded in the flight card were mapped to the health and usage monitoring parameters. The validation and performance comparison results have showed that the hidden Markov model based regime recognition algorithm was able to accurately recognize the regimes recorded in the flight card data and outperformed other data mining methods.
The Use and Performance of Oxidation and Creep-Resistant Stainless Steels in an Exhaust Gas Primary Surface Recuperator Application (2004)

Recuperation increases the efficiency of a gas turbine engine by extracting heat from the exhaust gas stream and using it to pre-heat the compressor discharge air. Oxidation of the thin metal foil recuperator walls is a major concern, necessitating the use of heat-resistant alloys. Water vapor, present in the exhaust gas as a by-product of combustion, has been shown to be detrimental to the elevated temperature oxidation resistance of some ferrous alloys currently used for recuperators, e.g., Type 347 stainless steel. The walls of the primary surface recuperator are also subjected to a complex state of stress. Creep deformation can cause the compressor discharge air passages to expand, thus restricting exhaust gas flow and increasing the turbine backpressure. The material of construction must, therefore, be resistant to both oxidation and creep deformation. Long-term oxidation, stress-rupture, and creep test results and analysis will be presented for both commercially available and developmental austenitic stainless steel foil materials. A 20Cr-25Ni austenitic stainless steel containing a small addition of Nb was found to exhibit good creep strength when compared to current alloys of construction. This alloy also possesses excellent resistance to attack in environments containing high levels of water vapor. Oxide volatility and breakaway oxidation were not observed after 10,000 hours of exposure at temperatures as high as 760°C (1400°F).
Centralized Resource Allocation for Time-Slotted OBS Networks (2006)

This paper proposes a centralized control architecture and a time-slot assignment procedure for time-slotted optical burst switched (OBS) networks in which ingress OBS nodes request time-slots necessary to transmit optical bursts, and a centralized control node makes a reply according to the slot-competition result. Our scheme attempts to improve burst contention resolution and optical channel utilization. Analysis and simulation results show that the channel utilization of the time-slotted OBS network is improved markedly at the expense of ingress buffering delay.
Complement C3aR loss drives colorectal cancer by modulating gut microbiota (2020)

Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and can be unleashed by the loss of innate immunosurveillance. The complement system is a central component of immunity and is essential for intestinal homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that complement dysregulation is involved in the development and progression of CRC. Here we show for the first time that methylation of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor (c3aR1) in CRC patients results in decreased overall survival and events-free survival. Based on our clinical findings, we ablated c3ar1 in the spontaneous APCMin mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis. Loss of C3aR in this model resulted in a shift of tumorigenesis from the small intestine to the colon, therefore more closely mirroring human CRC. By performing microbiota sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments, we found that loss of C3aR resulted in the establishment of a pro-inflammatory microbial flora, which fostered strong Th1/Th17 cell inflammation. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized oncosuppressive role for C3aR in CRC that could be exploited as a biomarker or for therapeutic intervention.
SPATIAL VARIATION OF PROTEIN, OIL, AND STARCH IN CORN (2005)

Significant spatial yield variations are known to exist in cornfields with different soil types, topsoil depth, and othervariables. Similarly, variations might also be found among the highly valued chemical components (oil, protein, and starch)in corn kernels due to local differences in soil type, fertility, acidity/pH, organic matter, etc. This study quantified the spatialvariability of protein, oil, and starch content of corn from two conventional cornfields and two high-oil cornfields. Whole earswere harvested by hand from 20 to 40 randomly selected locations within each field. A differential global positioning system(DGPS) receiver recorded the location of each collection site. Samples were also collected from hauling vehicles with asegmented probe prior to transport from the field and from the grain stream as trucks were unloaded. A NIRSystems. 6500near-infrared reflectance instrument was used to measure the protein, oil, and starch concentration of each sample collected.Yield maps were plotted for each type of corn along with protein, oil, and starch variation. Results showed large variationsbetween the conventional and high-oil cornfields. Slight variations were found between truck probe samples from the samefield. Oil content was more variable than protein or starch. Probe samples appeared to provide the most representative results.Segregation of grain based on average values of components in hauling vehicles appeared to be feasible. The oilconcentration between truck hoppers was significantly different and could be used for binning corn of differentconcentrations. However, segregation on the combine during harvest does not appear to be feasible due to the large variationsthat occurred within fields at the same location. For example, the oil concentration of individual ears varied between 1 and7 percentage points at the same location within the field.
Element breaking rules in computational models for brittle fracture (1995)

The performance of spring-network and finite-element methods for fracture is studied with respect to their ability to model crack propagation in an isotropic, two-dimensional, linearly elastic, and ideally brittle material. Element breaking rules based on critical energy or stress, coupled with a length scale characteristic of the mesh, result in Griffith scaling of fracture strength with crack length. For finite-element methods, the scaling works for surprisingly small cracks: two to three element lengths. Regular meshes of springs or finite elements are highly anisotropic with respect to crack propagation. Random meshes obviate this problem. However, for spring networks they introduce significant randomness in the distribution of forces, and for both methods they introduce some randomness in the strength-crack size scaling. For finite-element methods, element breaking based on energy can lead to unexpected crack propagation modes; rules based on maximum principal stress in an element are more robust. These breaking rules lead to an artificially low stress for crack nucleation so that different breaking rules are required for elements at the tip of a propagating flaw and those away from it.
Recent Advances in the Recombinant Biosynthesis of Polyphenols (2017)

Plants are the source of various natural compounds with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical importance which have shown numerous health benefits with relatively fewer side effects. However, extraction of these compounds from native producers cannot meet the ever-increasing demands of the growing population due to, among other things, the limited production of the active compound(s). Their production depends upon the metabolic demands of the plant and is also subjected to environmental conditions, abundance of crop species and seasonal variations. Moreover, their extraction from plants requires complex downstream processing and can also lead to the extinction of many useful plant varieties. Microbial engineering is one of the alternative approaches which can meet the global demand for natural products in an eco-friendly manner. Metabolic engineering of microbes or pathway reconstruction using synthetic biology tools and novel enzymes lead to the generation of a diversity of compounds (like flavonoids, stilbenes, anthocyanins etc.) and their natural and non-natural derivatives. Strain and pathway optimization, pathway regulation and tolerance engineering have produced microbial cell factories into which the metabolic pathway of plants can be introduced for the production of compounds of interest on an industrial scale in an economical and eco-friendly way. While microbial production of phytochemicals needs to further increase product titer if it is ever to become a commercial success. The present review covers the advancements made for the improvement of microbial cell factories in order to increase the product titer of recombinant polyphenolic compounds.