gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lorentz Covariance and the Canonical Quantization of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories (1971)

One means of establishing the equivalence of the canonical and covariant quantization schemes for the massless, spin-1 non-Abelian gauge field is to demonstrate that these formalisms yield identical $S$-matrix elements. In this paper it is explicitly demonstrated that to second order in the coupling constant the canonical formalism yields a Lorentz-covariant $S$-matrix element for the Compton scattering of a nucleon and a quantum of this gauge field. The need to modify the canonical formalism in order to obtain a consistent description of higher-order processes is then briefly discussed.
Dynamics of vacancy defects in 2-D crystalline monolayers under chiral smectic thin films studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy (1997)

Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) can be used to image adsorbed organic molecules in real space and real time. The technique seems especially well suited for imaging 2-D crystalline monolayers formed under liquid crystal films. In addition to observing perfect 2-D crystals, STM provides the ability to observe crystal defects, and to observe how these defects evolve over time. In this study two different vacancy defects in 2-D lamellar monolayers of chiral liquid crystal molecules under bulk smectic films were observed in situ. Both vacancies showed dynamic behaviour and an unexpected transport anisotropy.
Data management over flash memory (2011)

Flash SSDs are quickly becoming mainstream and emerge as alternatives to magnetic disks. It is therefore imperative to incorporate them seamlessly into the enterprise. We present the salient results of research in the area, touching all aspects of the data management stack: from the fundamentals of flash technology, through storage for database systems and the manipulation of SSD-resident data, to query processing.
Measuring Relative Humidity in Agricultural Environments (2005)

Relative humidity is very important for many agricultural environments, such as fruit and vegetable storage facilities, greenhouses, and tobacco curing and handling facilities. Several scientific instruments measure temperature and relative humidity. The more accurate the instrument, the more it will cost. Devices that are economical for agricultural use in a barn, greenhouse, or a semi-protected environment often do not hold their accuracy over very long periods (six months to a year or longer) if they are used carelessly. Several instruments that are readily available and affordable for general farm use are described here. Often called hygrometers or hygro-thermometers, some are for visual indication only, while others also have recording capabilities. Calibrations or comparisons with known conditions can be done periodically to determine an instrument’s relative accuracy. Some calibration procedures are presented in this article.
A Renal Dopamine-1 Receptor Defect in Two Genetic Models of Hypertension (1990)

Dopamine (DA), via DA-1 receptors, regulates Na+ transport in the kidneys. Dopamine is synthesized from L-DOPA in the proximal tubule and presumably secreted as an autocrine/paracrine substance to stimulate DA-1 receptors localized on proximal tubular cells. We have previously reported the presence of DA-1 receptors in renal cortical homogenates and on the isolated proximal tubule of the rat and rabbit, consistent with the dopamine autocrine/paracrine model. We have localized DA-1 receptors in the proximal straight tubule of the rabbit, and in the cortical collecting duct of the rabbit and rat, but not in the distal collecting tubule or the cortical thick ascending loop of Henle. The presence of functional DA-1 receptors has been substantiated by the coexistence of DA-1 agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the same nephron segments in which DA-r receptors have been found. Increased concentrations of intrarenal dopamine induced by dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibition with SKF-102698 caused a down regulation of proximal tubular DA-1 receptors and almost complete ablation of DA-1 agonist stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Thus, dopamine may play a role in the regulation of DA-1 receptors and their linkage with adenylate cyclase. Since alterations in the renal dopaminergic system have been measured in some forms of experimental hypertension, we studied DA-1 receptors and their coupling to adenylate cyclase in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Whole-body MR imaging and spectroscopy with a 4-T system. (1988)

The clinical potential and limitations of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy at 4 T were investigated with the use of a newly constructed system, which has been in use since January 1987. The magnet has a warm bore that measures 1.25 m in diameter, and its homogeneity in a sphere with a diameter of 50 cm is better than +/- 2.5 ppm. It was hypothesized that the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) afforded by the higher field strength would be useful in reducing imaging time and in improving spatial resolution. In experiments in human volunteers, believed to be the first in which an entire human body was exposed to a magnetic flux density of that magnitude, the subjects were exposed to 4 T for 10-30 minutes. They showed no changes in well-being or heart activity. The expected gain in spectral resolution due to chemical-shift scaling was achieved with the 4-T system, and an improvement in S/N was verified for phosphorus at 34 and 68 MHz. In sodium imaging, the high flux density appears to be useful in reducing imaging time, which should increase the usefulness of sodium imaging in evaluating brain tumors and strokes. In spectroscopy, the increase in flux density improves the quality of the spectra.
What is the Relationship of Atrial Flutter and Fibrillation? (1999)

Animal models and human studies of atrial activation mapping and entrainment have considerably enhanced our understanding of the anatomical substrate for atrial flutter and created the basis for a definite cure with radiofrequency catheter ablation. As atrial flutter has now become a curable arrhythmia, emphasis is shifting to understand the most common arrhythmia: atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, from clinical observation, it is apparent that there is a relationship between atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in patients with atrial arrhythmias. Techniques that have informed our understanding of the anatomical basis of atrial flutter may also be useful in understanding the relationship between atrial fibrillation and flutter, including animal models, clinical endocardial mapping, and intracardiac anatomical imaging. Thus, atrial anatomy and its relationship to electrophysiological findings, and the role of partial or complete conduction barriers around which reentry can and cannot occur, may be of importance for atrial fibrillation as well. Ultimately, the relationship between atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter may inform our understanding of the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation itself, and help to develop new approaches to device, catheter‐based, and pharmacological therapy for atrial fibrillation.
Ultra-high Compton Frequency, Parity Independent, Mesoscopic Schroedinger Cat Atom Interferometer with Heisenberg Limited Sensitivity (2017)

We show that collective-state detection combined with one-axis-twist squeezing and un-squeezing can produce a parity-independent, mesoscopic Schroedinger cat atom interferometer with ultra-high Compton frequency, yielding the ultimate (Heisenberg limited) sensitivity allowed by quantum mechanics.
Domain wall dynamics driven by spin transfer torque and the spin–orbit field (2011)

We have studied current-driven dynamics of domain walls when an in-plane magnetic field is present in perpendicularly magnetized nanowires using an analytical model and micromagnetic simulations. We model an experimentally studied system, ultrathin magnetic nanowires with perpendicular anisotropy, where an effective in-plane magnetic field is developed when current is passed along the nanowire due to the Rashba-like spin-orbit coupling. Using a one-dimensional model of a domain wall together with micromagnetic simulations, we show that the existence of such in-plane magnetic fields can either lower or raise the threshold current needed to cause domain wall motion. In the presence of the in-plane field, the threshold current differs for positive and negative currents for a given wall chirality, and the wall motion becomes sensitive to out-of-plane magnetic fields. We show that large non-adiabatic spin torque can counteract the effect of the in-plane field.
High-speed tracking servo of modified ZPET-feedforward control for optical disk drives (2009)

This paper proposes the modified zero phase error tracking-feedforward control (ZPETm-FFC) system. The ZPETm-FFC system is higher-speed and more precise control system than the conventional control systems which are the feedback controller of phase lead-lag filters or the ZPET-FF control (ZPET-FFC) system. Numerical simulations show the performances of ZPET-FFC system in detail of practical conditions, and the more effective control method is proposed. Experimental results show the servo performances of the proposed control system on an optical disk drive at high-speed of 11000 rpm, which is equal to Blu-ray disc system of 13.6 X speed. These results indicate that the proposed ZPETm-FFC system realizes higher-speed and more precise tracking servo performance than the conventional methods.
Survey on Visual Analysis of Event Sequence Data (2021)

Event sequence data record series of discrete events in the time order of occurrence. They are commonly observed in a variety of applications ranging from electronic health records to network logs, with the characteristics of large-scale, high-dimensional and heterogeneous. This high complexity of event sequence data makes it difficult for analysts to manually explore and find patterns, resulting in ever-increasing needs for computational and perceptual aids from visual analytics techniques to extract and communicate insights from event sequence datasets. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art visual analytics approaches, characterize them with our proposed design space, and categorize them based on analytical tasks and applications. From our review of relevant literature, we have also identified several remaining research challenges and future research opportunities.
Compiling custom instructions onto expression-grained reconfigurable architectures (2008)

While customizable processors aim at combining the flexibility of general purpose processors with the speed and power advantages of custom circuits, commercially available processors are often limited by the inability to reconfigure the application-specific features after manufacturing. Even though reconfigurable array-based accelerators are available, their performance is often unacceptable, and comes with other disadvantages such as the size of the configuration bitstream. Additionally, compilation support is limited for existing Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs).
Beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice can be protected against influenza A infection by vaccination with vaccinia-influenza recombinants expressing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (1993)

Immunity to viral infections includes both antibody and T cell components. The contributions of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses vary depending on virus and host factors. We have used an in vivo challenge system to examine protective immunity to influenza A(H1N1) virus infection in immunocompetent B6 (H-2b) mice, and in H-2b mice homozygous for disruption of the gene for beta 2-microglobulin, termed beta 2 mu(-/-) mice. The latter mice do not express conventional MHC class I complexes on cell surfaces and lack CD8+ class I-restricted T cells. Ten vaccinia virus recombinants, each expressing 1 of the 10 proteins of influenza virus, were used to immunize the mice. Normal mice were protected against challenge with influenza virus by vaccination with HA-VAC and NA-VAC, but not by any of the vaccinia vectors expressing one of the eight other influenza virus proteins nor by a mixture of all eight of the latter vectors. Similar results were observed in mice of H-2d or H-2k MHC haplotypes. The beta 2 mu(-/-) mice were also protected by immunization with HA-VAC and NA-VAC, demonstrating that classical CD8+ CTL responses were not required for protection. Depletion of CD4+ T cells in either normal or beta 2 mu(-/-) mice at the time of challenge had little or no effect on protection induced by HA-VAC or NA-VAC, suggesting that preformed antibody is the dominant mediator of protective immunity induced by these recombinants. Antibody responses to vaccinia virus Ag and expressed influenza virus Ag were lower in titer in beta 2 mu(-/-) mice than in normal B6 mice, suggesting an influence of MHC class I complexes, CD8+ T cells, or their products on antibody production.
A Low-Complexity Distributed Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) Scheme for Emerging Multi-Cell HetNets (2012)

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity distributed Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) for emerging multi-cell HetNets (Heterogeneous Networks). The proposed scheme is quickly solved using linear programming tools and aims to maximize both the critical and the overall performance of the multi-cell system. Additionally, a utility measure is used to provide a varying level of user fairness to satisfy the most demanding network providers. Simulation results confirm the low-complexity of the proposed algorithm and its increased effectiveness over a number of state-of-art interference avoidance schemes.
Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling of Acetaminophen, Terfenadine and Their Metabolites in Thin Tissue Sections (2014)

Background: The aim of this work was to evaluate the analytical performance of a fully automated droplet-based surface-sampling system for determining the distribution of the drugs acetaminophen and terfenadine, and their metabolites, in rat thin tissue sections. Results: The rank order of acetaminophen concentration observed in tissues was stomach > small intestine > liver, while the concentrations of its glucuronide and sulfate metabolites were greatest in the liver and small intestine. Terfenadine was most concentrated in the liver and kidney, while its major metabolite, fexofenadine, was found in the liver and small intestine. Conclusion: The spatial distributions of both drugs and their respective metabolites observed in this work were consistent with previous studies using radiolabeled drugs.
Sparse super-resolution reconstructions of video from mobile devices in digital TV broadcast applications (2006)

We consider the mobile service scenario where video programming is broadcast to low-resolution wireless terminals. In such a scenario, broadcasters utilize simultaneous data services and bi-directional communications capabilities of the terminals in order to offer substantially enriched viewing experiences to users by allowing user participation and user tuned content. While users immediately benefit from this service when using their phones in mobile environments, the service is less appealing in stationary environments where a regular television provides competing programming at much higher display resolutions. We propose a fast super-resolution technique that allows the mobile terminals to show a much enhanced version of the broadcast video on nearby high-resolution devices, extending the appeal and usefulness of the broadcast service. The proposed single frame super-resolution algorithm uses recent sparse recovery results to provide high quality and high-resolution video reconstructions based solely on individual decoded frames provided by the low-resolution broadcast.
Measurement of the WZ production cross section in pp collisions at s=13 TeV (2017)

The WZ production cross section in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV is measured with the CMS experiment at the LHC using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{−1}$ . The measurement is performed in the leptonic decay modes WZ→ℓνℓ′ℓ′ , where ℓ,ℓ′=e,μ . The measured cross section for the range 60 &lt; m$_{ℓ′ℓ′}$ &lt; 120 GeV is σ(pp→WZ)=39.9±3.2(stat) $^{+2.9}_{-3.1}$(syst)±0.4(theo)±1.3(lumi) pb , consistent with the standard model prediction.
TOLLIP , MUC5B , and the Response to N -Acetylcysteine among Individuals with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2015)

NAC may be an efficacious therapy for individuals with IPF with an rs3750920 (TOLLIP) TT genotype, but it was associated with a trend toward harm in those with a CC genotype. A genotype-stratified prospective clinical trial should be conducted before any recommendation regarding the use of off-label NAC to treat IPF.
Use of two pulses to control cavitation in lithotripsy (1998)

In lithotripsy acoustic cavitation appears to play a role in both comminution of kidney stones and damage to tissue. To investigate the role of cavitation, we used a pair of confocal electrohydraulic lithotripters (ellipsoidal reflectors). A delay in firing of Δt modified the cavitation field without altering the peak positive and negative pressures. Bubble collapse time tc, measured by passively detecting acoustic emissions generated by the bubble, was used as a measure of cavitation activity. A two-pulse sequence from the source shortened tc relative to the single pulse value tc1. Collapse times calculated by using the Gilmore equation agreed well with measurements. Relative intensity of bubble collapse was determined by depth of pits created in aluminium foil. For pulse delays Δt&amp;lt;0.3tc1 the pit size decreased, a result that implies the second pulse stifled the collapse. Conversely, for delays in the range 0.5tc1&amp;lt;Δt&amp;lt;tc1, cavitation apparently intensified, since pit depth increased by a factor of up to 2. Pit depth correlates well with (calculated) pressure radiated by the bubble. When the two reflectors were pointed at each other and fired simultaneously, pitting was localized to a spot less than 1 cm in diameter. [Work supported by ONR, ARL:UT IR &amp; D, and NIH PO1-DK43881.]
Single-fiber pressure sensor for biomedical applications (1987)

This paper describes the first use of a single optical fiber, with an optical interference cavity formed at one end, to transduce pressure changes into changes in sensor reflectivity. Fiber-optic pressure transducers previously reported for biomedical applications1,2 use multiple fibers and are not based on interferometric techniques. Other interference-type transducers (for temperature measurement) have been reported,3 but our sensor is unique in that the fiber tip itself is used as one of the elements of the interference cavity.
Water, architecture & sacred space : creation of a sacred space with water : chapel on the water (2000)

There is no abstract available for this thesis.
Gracilis Free Muscle Transfer in the Treatment of Pediatric Facial Paralysis (2016)

Facial paralysis in children is a disabling functional and aesthetic issue. In cases where recovery is not expected, there are numerous options for reconstruction of the midface "smile." At the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, we have been using a free functional gracilis muscle transfer. In this article, we review the technical details of the procedure, which we have refined over the past 30 years, and also briefly discuss secondary and adjunctive procedures.
Playing musical chairs with bone marrow transplantation to eliminate leukemia stem cells (2015)

Increasing attention has been focused on the interactions between leukemia cells and their bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. We have recently shown that leukemic stem cells (LSCs) share common BM “niches” with their healthy counterparts. As a result of these shared niche requirements, human LSCs can be mobilized using existing pharmacological agents that facilitate competitive healthy reconstitution, leading to eradication of leukemia during BM transplantation.
SPE 28829 Accurate Insitu Compositions in Petroleum Reservoirs (1994)

This paper describes experimental procedures for determining accurate estimates of original insitu reservoir oil and gas compositions. The proposed equilibrium contact mixing(ECM) method can use samples which are clearly not representative of insitu fluids (e.g. due to near-wellbore multiphase behavior, reservoir depletion, or separator sampling problems). ECM procedures are recommended for saturated, undersaturated, and depleted reservoirs. Examples are given for reservoir fluids ranging from very lean-gas/black-oil systems to highly volatile gas/oil systems. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed ECM method can be used to obtain depth-weighted average insitu compositions in reservoirs with gravity-induced vertical compositional
Low-profile twist reflector design using genetic algorithms (2008)

A novel low-profile twist reflector is genetically engineered For a linear polarized incident wave, a perpendicular linear polarized wave can be achieved upon reflection. Unlike the typical twist reflector, which requires at least a quarter-wavelength space between the top metal strip and main reflector, the proposed structure is built on a 0.08lambda thick substrate, still enhancing about 20% bandwidth. Finally, there is good agreement between the measured and the simulated results promising that the twist reflector can be used to alter the antenna polarization response.
Habituation and the Orienting Reflex: The Dual-Process Theory Revisted (2021)

This chapter begins with a brief review of the phenomena of habituation and sensitization, the current status of research on basic neurobiological mechanisms, and two theories: the model-comparator and the dual-process. It considers briefly the possible central underpinnings of “arousal” vis-a-vis orienting, and the relation of arousal to learning. Habituation appears to be the most ubiquitous form of behavioral plasticity. One of the parametric features of habituation, the “below-zero” effect, appears to have encountered difficulties recently in the context of habituation of various components of the human orienting reaction. Reflexes of the spinal mammal have been the most widely used as a model biological system for analysis of neural mechanisms underlying habituation and “dishabituation,” or sensitization. A monosynaptic pathway in the isolated frog spinal cord has provided a useful model of habituation in the vertebrate central nervous system. The dual-process theory assumes that the mechanism of habituation is simply a decrease in synaptic transmission with repeated stimulation.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Mutual activation of natural killer cells and monocytes mediated by NKp80-AICL interaction. (2006)

Receptors encoded by the natural killer (NK) cell gene complex (such as NKG2D) govern the reactivity of NK cells. However, the function and ligand(s) of the NK cell gene complex-encoded human NK cell receptor NKp80 remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that NKp80 binds to the genetically linked 'orphan' receptor AICL, which, like NKp80, is absent from rodents. We defined AICL as a myeloid-specific activating receptor that is upregulated by Toll-like receptor stimulation. AICL-NKp80 interactions promoted NK cell-mediated cytolysis of malignant myeloid cells. In addition, during crosstalk between NK cells and monocytes, NKp80 stimulated the release of proinflammatory cytokines from both cell types. Thus, by specifically bridging NK cells and myeloid cells, NKp80-AICL interactions may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of immune responses at sites of inflammation. PMID: 17057721
Why structural hints in queries do not help XML-retrieval (2006)

For many years it has been commonly held that a user who adds structural to a query will improve precision in an element retrieval search. At INEX 2005 we conducted an experiment to test this assumption. We present the unexpected result that structural hints in queries do not improve precision. An analysis of the topics and the judgments suggests that this is because users are particularly bad at giving structural hints.