gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible and Coherent Soft X-ray Pulses at High Repetition Rate: Current Research and Perspectives (2021)

The successful realization of high gain free-electron lasers has opened new possibilities to X-ray scientists for investigating matter in different states. The availability of unprecedented photon properties stimulated the development of new experimental techniques capable of taking full advantage of these options and has started a virtuous collaboration between machine experts and photon users to improve further and optimize the generated X-ray pulses. Over the recent years, this has led to the development of several advanced free-electron laser (FEL) schemes to tailor the photon properties to specific experimental demands. Presently, tunable wavelength X-ray pulses with extremely high brilliance and short pulse characteristics are a few of the many options available at FELs. Few facilities can offer options such as narrowband or extremely short pulses below one fs duration and simultaneous pulses of multiple colors enabling resonant X-ray pump—X-ray probe experiments with sub fs resolution. Fully coherent X-ray radiation (both spatial and temporal) can also be provided. This new option has stimulated the application of coherent control techniques to the X-ray world, allowing for experiments with few attoseconds resolution. FELs often operate at a relatively low repetition rate, typically on the order of tens of Hz. At FLASH and the European XFEL, however, the superconducting accelerators allow generating thousands of pulses per second. With the implementation of a new seeded FEL line and with an upgrade at FLASH linac, all the new features will become available in the soft X-ray spectral range down to the oxygen K edge with unprecedented average photon flux due to the high repetition rate of pulses.
Mistargeting hippocampal axons by expression of a truncated Eph receptor (2002)

Topographic mapping of axon terminals is a general principle of neural architecture that underlies the interconnections among many neural structures. The Eph family tyrosine kinase receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, have been implicated in the formation of topographic projection maps. We show that multiple Eph receptors and ligands are expressed in the hippocampus and its major subcortical projection target, the lateral septum, and that expression of a truncated Eph receptor in the mouse brain results in a pronounced alteration of the hippocamposeptal topographic map. Our observations provide strong support for a critical role of Eph family guidance factors in regulating ontogeny of hippocampal projections.
Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis (2014)

Biopolymers and biopolymer colloids can act as controlling agents and templates not only in many processes in nature, but also in a wide range of synthetic approaches. Inorganic materials can be either synthesized ex situ and later incorporated into a biopolymer structuring matrix or grown in situ in the presence of biopolymers. In this review, we focus mainly on the latter case and distinguish between the following possibilities: (i) biopolymers as controlling agents of nucleation and growth of inorganic materials; (ii) biopolymers as supports, either as molecular supports or as carrier particles acting as cores of core-shell structures; and (iii) so-called "soft templates", which include on one hand stabilized droplets, micelles, and vesicles, and on the other hand continuous scaffolds generated by gelling biopolymers.
Phase-Locked Loops using Digital Calibration Technique with counter (2011)

A digital technique is adopted to calibrate the current mismatch of the charge pump (CP) in phase-locked loops. A 2 ㎓ charge pump PLL (CPPLL) is used to justify the proposed calibration technique. The proposed digital calibration technique is implemented simply using a counter. The proposed calibration technique reduces the calibration time by up to a maximum of 50% compared other with techniques. Also by using a dual-mode CP, good current matching characteristics can be achieved to compensate 0.5㎂ current mismatch in CP. It was designed in a standard 0.13㎛ CMOS technology. The maximum calibration time is 33.6μs and the average power is 18.38㎽ with 1.5V power supply and effective area is 0.1804㎟.
Substitution of TMTSeF with TMTTF in (TMTSeF)2ClO4 : high pressure studies (1983)

[(TMTSeF)1-x(TMTTF)x]2ClO4 alloys have been studied under pressure for pressures up to 18 kbar through resistivity measurements. On substitution of TMTSeF in the superconducting compound (TMTSeF)2ClO4 with TMTTF a low temperature metal-insulator (M-I) transition is found at ambient pressure; above some critical pressure, P c, the M-I transition is suppressed giving rise to a metallic state to the lowest temperatures considered in this study. The phase diagrams of the various alloys are of the same form although Pc increases with increasing TMTTF concentration. Superconductivity was not observed in any of these materials in the metallic high pressure regime.
Continuous Microcatheter Spinal Anesthesia With Subarachnoid Meperidine for Labor and Delivery (1990)

Johnson, Mark D. MD; Hurley, Ronald J. MD; Gilbertson, Lesley I. MD; Datta, Sanjay MD Author Information
Revised Interpretation of the Origin of the pSC101 Plasmid (1977)

Data are presented indicating that the pSC101 plasmid was not derived by recircularization of a mechanically sheared fragment of R6-5 plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid, as was originally believed.
Colorimetric Characterization of a Desktop Drum Scanner via Image Modeling (1994)

A desktop scanner was colorimetrically characterized to average CIELAB error of less than unity for Kodak Ektachrome transparencies and Ektacolor paper, and Fuji Photo Film Fujichrome transparencies and Fujicolor paper. Independent verification on spectrally similar materials yielded average &#x394;E*ab error of less than 2.1. The technique first modeled the image formation of each medium using either Beer-Bouguer or Kubelka-Munk theories. Scanner digital values were then empirically related to dye concentrations. From these estimated dye concentrations, either spectral transmittance or spectral reflectance factor was calculated from an a priori spectral analysis of each medium. The spectral estimates can be used to calculate tristimulus values for any illuminant and observer of interest.
Experimental and Modeling Analysis of Micro-Milling of Hardened H13 Tool Steel (2011)

This study is focused on experimental evaluation and numerical modeling of micro-milling of hardened H13 tool steels. Multiple tool wear tests are performed in a micro side cutting condition with 100 μm diameter endmills. The machined surface integrity, part dimension control, size effect and tool wear progression in micromachining of hardened tool steels are experimentally investigated. A strain gradient plasticity model is developed for micromachining of hardened H13 tool steel. Novel 2D FE models are developed in software ABAQUS to simulate the continuous chip formation with varying chip thickness in complete micro-milling cycles under two configurations: micro slotting and micro side cutting. The steady-state cutting temperature is investigated by a heat transfer analysis of multi micro-milling cycles. The FE model with the material strain gradient plasticity is validated by comparing the model predictions of the specific cutting forces with the measured data. The FE model results are discussed in chip formation, stress, temperature, and velocity fields to great details. It is shown that the developed FE model is capable of modeling a continuous chip formation in a complete micro-milling cycle, including the size effect. It is also shown that built-up edge in micromachining can be predicted with the FE model.
Angular Momentum: Understanding Spatial Aspects in Chemistry and Physics (1989)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Richard N. Zare, William G. Harter; Angular Momentum: Understanding Spatial Aspects in Chemistry and Physics. Physics Today 1 December 1989; 42 (12): 68–70. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2811251 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Cytokine sensitivity screening highlights BMP4 pathway signaling as a therapeutic opportunity in ER + breast cancer (2018)

Despite the success of approved systemic therapies for estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancer, drug resistance remains common. We hypothesized that secreted factors from the human tumor microenvironment could modulate drug resistance. We previously screened a library of 297 recombinant-secreted microenvironmental proteins for the ability to confer resistance to the anti-estrogen fulvestrant in 2 ER<sup>+</sup> breast cancer cell lines. Herein, we considered whether factors that enhanced drug sensitivity could be repurposed as therapeutics and provide leads for drug development. Screening data revealed bone morphogenic protein (BMP)4 as a factor that inhibited cell growth and synergized with approved anti-estrogens and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6<sub>i</sub>). BMP4-mediated growth inhibition was dependent on type I receptor activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)3-dependent phosphorylation (P) of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD/P-SMAD)1 and 5, which could be reversed by BMP receptor inhibitors and ALK3 knockdown. The primary effect of BMP4 on cell fate was cell-cycle arrest, in which RNA sequencing, immunoblot analysis, and RNA interference revealed to be dependent on p21<sup>WAF1/Cip1</sup> upregulation. BMP4 also enhanced sensitivity to approved inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and CDK4/6 via ALK3-mediated P-SMAD1/5 and p21 upregulation in anti-estrogen-resistant cells. Patients bearing primary ER<sup>+</sup> breast tumors, exhibiting a transcriptomic signature of BMP4 signaling, had improved disease outcome following adjuvant treatment with anti-estrogen therapy, independently of age, tumor grade, and tumor stage. Furthermore, a transcriptomic signature of BMP4 signaling was predictive of an improved biologic response to the CDK4/6<sub>i</sub> palbociclib, in combination with an aromatase inhibitor in primary tumors. These findings highlight BMP4 and its downstream pathway activation as a therapeutic opportunity in ER<sup>+</sup> breast cancer.-Shee, K., Jiang, A., Varn, F. S., Liu, S., Traphagen, N. A., Owens, P., Ma, C. X., Hoog, J., Cheng, C., Golub, T. R., Straussman, R., Miller, T. W. Cytokine sensitivity screening highlights BMP4 pathway signaling as a therapeutic opportunity in ER<sup>+</sup> breast cancer.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Morphine in Parturients Following Intravenous or Epidural Administration (1994)

Background and Objectives. Study of the pharmacokinetic profile of morphine following intravenous or epidural administration in parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Methods. Sixteen healthy parturients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery received lumbar epidural anesthesia to a T4 sensory level using lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:200,000. One hour after the last local anesthetic dose was given, patients were randomized to receive morphine 5 mg either intravenously (n = 8) or epidurally (n = 8). Venous blood samples were obtained at times 0, 0.033, 0.067, 0.1, 0.184, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours and urine specimens starting at 0.25 hour. Plasma and urine unconjugated and conjugated morphine levels were measured using radioimmunoassay. Results. After 15 minutes the plasma unconjugated morphine level was similar in the intravenous and epidural groups. Mean plasma concentration of unconjugated morphine at 0.033, 0.067, 0.1, and 0.184 hour in the intravenous group exceeded the corresponding values in the epidural group ( P &lt; .05, t -test) with no significant differences at other time periods. Maximum plasma concentration of unconjugated morphine occurred at or before the first sample at 0.033 hour (126 ± 19 (1SE) ng/mL; range, 71-172) in the intravenous group and at 0.5 hour (14.6 ± 1.2 ng/mL; range, 9.5-22) in the epidural group. Morphine conjugates appeared quickly in both groups, with the maximum concentration occurring at 1 hour (38 ± 11 ng/ mL; range, 9.3-65) in the intravenous group and at 2 hours (26.4 ± 3 ng/mL; range, 13-29) in the epidural group. The plasma concentration decay curves followed a triexponential pattern in the intravenous group. In the epidural group a distinct absorption phase was seen, followed by a biexponential decay. No significant difference was seen in AUC, AUMC, Cl, Vss, MRT, or t 1/2 β between the two routes of administration. Urinary morphine concentration and total 24 hours excretion of unconjugated and total morphine were higher in the intravenous group. Conclusions. Compared to epidural administration, intravenous administration produces higher plasma morphine values in the first 15 minutes and greater urinary excretion of morphine with no significant difference in the subsequent disposition in the body.
Effects of terpenoid precursor feeding on Catharanthus roseus hairy roots over‐expressing the alpha or the alpha and beta subunits of anthranilate synthase (2005)

Among the pharmacologically important terpenoid indole alkaloids produced by Catharanthus roseus are the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. These two drugs are produced in small yields within the plant, which makes them expensive to produce commercially. Metabolic engineering has focused on increasing flux through this pathway by various means such as elicitation, precursor feeding, and introduction of genes encoding specific metabolic enzymes into the plant. Recently in our lab, a feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase alpha subunit was over-expressed in C. roseus hairy roots under the control of a glucocorticoid inducible promoter system. Upon induction we observed a large increase in the indole precursors, tryptophan, and tryptamine. The current work explores the effects of over-expressing the anthranilate synthase alpha or alpha and beta subunits in combination with feeding with the terpenoid precursors 1-deoxy-D-xylulose, loganin, and secologanin. In feeding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose to the hairy root line expressing the anthranilate synthase alpha subunit, we observed an increase of 125% in hörhammericine levels in the induced samples, while loganin feeding increased catharanthine by 45% in the induced samples. Loganin feeding to the hairy root line expressing anthranilate synthase alpha and beta subunits increases catharanthine by 26%, ajmalicine by 84%, lochnericine by 119%, and tabersonine by 225% in the induced samples. These results suggest that the terpenoid precursors to the terpenoid indole alkaloids are important factors in terpenoid indole alkaloid production.
Water surface reconstruction system for underwater target detection (1999)

This paper presents the result of an ONR-sponsored ocean- surface reconstruction project. The goal of the LIDAR project is to investigate a method suitable for obtaining the shape, and in particular, the slopes of the large gravitational waves, to be used in a Navy application for under-water mine detection. Towards this goal, Summus has designed, built and tested a laser-based device for water surface measurement. A field test was conducted at the Army Field Research Facility at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in October 1998. This paper describes the basic design conducted of our method, and the experimental results.
Cardioprotective Effect of VEGF and Venom VEGF-like Protein in Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Mice (2013)

Coronary endothelial dysfunction is involved in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activates endothelial cells and exerts cardioprotective effects in isolated hearts. The recently discovered viper venom protein called increasing capillary permeability protein (ICPP) exerts VEGF-like effects in endothelial cells. We examined whether VEGF or ICPP can influence IR outcome in vivo in mice. Dosages of VEGF and ICPP were determined by preliminary blood pressure study. In IR, both the proteins administered intravenously at reperfusion reduced infarct size (IS) by 57% for VEGF and 52% for ICPP (P < 0.01). Pretreatment with a selective VEGFR2 receptor antagonist abolished the reduction in IS. VEGF and ICPP induced ERK phosphorylation in the myocardium. IR triggered mitochondrial pore opening and impaired mitochondrial respiratory function. These effects of IR were prevented by VEGF or ICPP, which increased mitochondrial calcium retention capacity by 37% compared with saline (P < 0.05) and improved mitochondrial respiratory function (by 71% and 65%, respectively for state 3, and 51% and 38% for state 4, P < 0.01 for VEGF). Thus, intravenous administration of VEGF or ICPP at reperfusion largely reduces IS in IR, through stimulation of VEGFR2 receptors. This effect is mediated, at least in part, by improvement of IR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
Histopathological changes of rat brain after direct injection of Hb‐vesicles (artificial oxygen carriers) and neurological impact in an intracerebral hemorrhage model (2008)

For use as artificial oxygen carriers during transfusion, the safety and efficacy of Hb-vesicles (HbV, 250 nm), have been investigated extensively. Nevertheless, their neurotoxicity remains unknown. We explored potential adverse effects of HbV in the brain using a rat intracerebral hemorrhage model. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with sevoflurane and fixed on a stereotaxic frame. Then HbV or homologous RBC suspension ([Hb] = 8.6 g/dL, 20 microL) was injected into the right caudate nucleus. All animals survived, gained weight, and maintained their well-being until the time of sacrifice; except during the first few days after surgery. However, both groups showed slight weakness in hind leg retraction, occasional ataxia/gait, and piloerection. Neutrophils accumulated at the onset of injury in perihematomal tissues in both groups at 1st day, but had disappeared by 3 days. Infiltration of small HbV in the perihematomal tissue was prominent at 1st day; phagocytized HbV were detected in macrophages. Hemeoxygenase-1 and hemosiderin deposition appeared after 3 days, reflecting the degradation of both HbV and RBC. The HbVs were detectable even after 28 days in the HbV group, but no residual RBCs were detected in the RBC group. Both groups showed proliferation of astrocytes, named gliosis, for tissue reconstruction after 3 days. This study revealed no notable differences in adverse effects between the intra-cerebral injection of HbV and the RBC control on behavioral functions and brain tissue responses.
Noninsulinoma Pancreatogenous Hypoglycemia: A Novel Syndrome of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in Adults Independent of Mutations in Kir6.2 and SUR1 Genes1 (1999)

In adults, endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is almost invariably due to insulinoma. In these patients with insulinoma, neuroglycopenic episodes exclusively after meal ingestion and negative 72-h fasts are extraordinarily rare. We describe five adults with neuroglycopenic episodes from hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia within 4 h of meal ingestion and negative 72-h fasts. Each had negative transabdominal ultrasonography, spiral computed tomographic scanning, and celiac axis angiography of the pancreas. However, all showed positive selective arterial calcium stimulation tests indicative of pancreatic beta-cell hyperfunction. At pancreatic exploration, no insulinoma was detected by intraoperative ultrasonography and complete mobilization and palpation of the pancreas. Moreover, the resected pancreata showed islet hypertrophy and nesidioblastosis, but no insulinoma. No definite disease-causing mutation was detected in Kir6.2 and SUR1 genes, which encode the subunits of the pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channel responsible for glucose-induced insulin secretion. Four patients who underwent gradient-guided partial pancreatectomy have been free of hypoglycemic symptoms for up to 3 yr follow-up; the other, who underwent a limited distal pancreatectomy, has had brief recurrence of symptoms. The unique clinical features and responses to dynamic testing in these adults with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the absence of insulinoma may constitute a new syndrome of postprandial hypoglycemia from diffuse beta-cell hyperfunction.
A comparison of exact and semiclassical analysis of diagonal occupation probabilities for the Feingold-Peres chaotic Hamiltonian (1988)

A semiclassical analysis is given for general chaotic Hamiltonians of the short-time quantum dynamics of survival probabilities of pure initial states in canonical bases. This is illustrated for the Feingold-Peres coupled spin model which is classically chaotic. The dynamics predicted by the semiclassical arguments is compared with exact quantum mechanics and is found to be remarkably accurate even for as large as 0.23.
The discriminatory capability of existing scores to predict advanced colorectal neoplasia: a prospective colonoscopy study of 5,899 screening participants (2016)

We evaluated the performance of seven existing risk scoring systems in predicting advanced colorectal neoplasia in an asymptomatic Chinese cohort. We prospectively recruited 5,899 Chinese subjects aged 50-70 years in a colonoscopy screening programme(2008-2014). Scoring systems under evaluation included two scoring tools from the US; one each from Spain, Germany, and Poland; the Korean Colorectal Screening(KCS) scores; and the modified Asia Pacific Colorectal Screening(APCS) scores. The c-statistics, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values(PPVs), and negative predictive values(NPVs) of these systems were evaluated. The resources required were estimated based on the Number Needed to Screen(NNS) and the Number Needed to Refer for colonoscopy(NNR). Advanced neoplasia was detected in 364 (6.2%) subjects. The German system referred the least proportion of subjects (11.2%) for colonoscopy, whilst the KCS scoring system referred the highest (27.4%). The c-statistics of all systems ranged from 0.56-0.65, with sensitivities ranging from 0.04-0.44 and specificities from 0.74-0.99. The modified APCS scoring system had the highest c-statistics (0.65, 95% C.I. 0.58-0.72). The NNS (12-19) and NNR (5-10) were similar among the scoring systems. The existing scoring systems have variable capability to predict advanced neoplasia among asymptomatic Chinese subjects, and further external validation should be performed.
Implantable card ioverter-defibrillators with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy — multiple therapy in a single device: a review with special reference to the PACIVIAN study (2002)

Patients with heart failure and ventricular conduction disturbance benefit haemodynamically from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), but reduced mortality with CRT has not been demonstrated. The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) reduced sudden death, which accounts for more than 50% of heart failure mortality. This review focuses on data from trials on ICD and CRT treatment in heart failure patients. The design of one study — the Pacing in Cardiomyopathies, a European Study (PACMAN) — is presented. Current recruitment in this trial indicates that 30% of patients receiving CRT require ICD backup. Ongoing larger trials will determine the true benefit of ICD and CRT in heart failure patients.
Revealing Hidden Hierarchical Heavy Hitters in network traffic (2018)

The idea to enable advanced in-network monitoring functionality has been lately fostered by the advent of massive data-plane programmability. A specific example includes the detection of traffic aggregates with programmable switches, i.e., heavy hitters. So far, proposed solutions implement the mining process by partitioning the network stream in disjoint windows. This practice allows efficient implementations but comes at a well-known cost: the results are tightly coupled with the traffic and window's characteristics.