gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 5 from Reversal of NK-Cell Exhaustion in Advanced Melanoma by Tim-3 Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 81K, Fig. S5. Tim-3 engagement on NK cells from healthy donors inhibits their cytotoxicity.&lt;/p&gt;
Polymerization of epoxides catalysed by metalloporphine (1981)

Abstract The catalyst system obtained by the equimolar reaction of diethylaluminium chloride with α,β,γ,δ‐tetraphenylporphine exhibits high catalytic activity in the polymerization of propylene oxide to give a polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution. Average molecular weight of the polymer can be controlled by the initial mole ratio of propylene oxide to catalyst or by the conversion. Ethylene oxide also produces a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution.
Fast heuristic principle for spare capacity placementin mesh-restorable SONET / SDH transport networks (1997)

The authors propose a useful new insight into the problem of spare capacity design for mesh-restorable networks. A straightforward heuristic of average case complexity O(S) based on the new principle is within 21% (13% on average) of the minimum capacity and runs 8.5 – 80 times faster than the optimal integer program (IP). Application to evaluate benefits from six new span addition candidates in a 53 node, 81 span network yielded the correct rank-order of merit 650 times faster than optimal methods. This contributes to a practical assault on the problem of finding the globally best single or multiple new span additions in the evolution of large transport networks.
Single and Dual Doping of Blue‐Emissive ZnSeTe Quantum Dots with Transition Metal Ions (2021)

Abstract Doping particularly with transition metal ions is an effectual means to modulate photoluminescence (PL) of quantum dots (QDs). The precedent doped QDs rely primarily on single doping with either Cu + or Mn 2+ into the most common host compositions of (Zn)CdS, ZnSe, and InP, with little success on co‐doping with both impurities enabling their simultaneous emissions. Herein, single and dual doping are explored with Cu + and/or Mn 2+ into blue‐emissive ZnSeTe QDs. PL of the singly doped ZnSeTe QDs synthesized via a co‐nucleation process, comprising host and dopant emissions, is spectrally tuned by varying the concentration of each dopant. For the effective dual doping toward co‐emergence of both dopant‐related emissions, a two‐step doping strategy, where co‐nucleation doping of Mn 2+ is temporally decoupled from diffusion doping of Cu + , is devised. In the resulting co‐doped ZnSeTe QDs, successfully showing three distinct emission components, the relative spectral distribution of triple emissions is readily modulated by individually adjusting Cu and Mn concentrations, producing color‐quality tunable white emissions. Upon elaborate multishelling, the co‐doped QDs display outstanding PL quantum yields of 72–75%. Singly and dually doped QDs are further applied for the fabrication of QD light‐emitting diodes, and their electroluminescence is examined compared to PL.
Sensitization of MHC class I-restricted T cells to exogenous proteins: evidence for an alternative class I-restricted antigen presentation pathway. (1995)

Immunization with exogenous proteins usually fails to immunize CD8+ T cells in vivo. Here we report that chicken ovalbumin (OVA) denatured by heat or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) effectively induced CD8+ cytolytic T cells in vivo. The cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) population generated recognized syngeneic target cells pulsed with the immunodominant OVA peptide (257-264) or transfected with the OVA protein-encoding gene. To analyse the mechanisms of how denatured OVA enters the class I-restricted pathway of antigen presentation, we took advantage of the fact that denatured OVA sensitizes target cells in vitro for lysis by OVA-specific CTL. We found that neither inhibition of protein synthesis (by cycloheximide) nor blocking of transport via the Golgi apparatus (by brefeldin A) interfered with the class I-restricted presentation of denatured OVA in vitro. In addition, transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP)-dependent transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was not required for effective presentation, as TAP-deficient cells (RMA-S) could be sensitized effectively by denatured OVA for recognition by class I-restricted CTL. In contrast, class I-restricted presentation of denatured OVA was sensitive to lysosomotropic agents (NH4Cl, vinblastine and leupeptin), indicating that endosomal-like compartments are involved in the presentation of denatured OVA. Sensitization was inhibited at low temperature, yet took place in the presence of sucrose and in the absence of K+, indicating that denatured OVA enters the cell via fluid-phase endocytosis. Hence the results provide further evidence for an alternative class I-restricted pathway of antigen presentation for exogenous proteins. As that pathway seems to be effective in vivo, it offers a new and effective way of vaccination of CD8+ CTL.
Physical model of bit-to-bit variation in data retention time of DRAMs (2002)

The low power application of DRAMs requires longer data retention time. Since the p-n junction current leakage is the main cause of the cell capacitor discharge, the leakage should be minimized to meet the requirement. However, the leakage taking place in a small area varies from bit to bit. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of the variation for the leakage minimization. A physical model, based on newly obtained experimental results, is proposed wherein the leakage variation is mainly due to a variation of local electric field strength enhancement.
Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses to Multiple Preexercise Carbohydrate Feedings (1997)

This investigation was undertaken to determine whether consuming several small feedings of preexercise carbohydrate (CHO), rather than a single bolus, would affect blood glucose and insulin responses during rest and exercise. Eight trained cyclists ingested 22.5, 45, or 75 total g maltodextrin and dextrose dissolved in 473 ml of water or an equal volume of placebo (PL). Drinks were divided into four portions and consumed at 15-min intervals in the hour before a 120-min ride at 66% VO2max. Serum glucose values were elevated by the CHO feedings at rest and fell significantly below baseline and PL at 15 min of exercise. However, glucose concentrations were similar in each of the CHO trials. Insulin concentrations also increased rapidly during rest, then fell sharply at the onset of exercise. The findings demonstrate that CHO consumed within an hour before exercise, even when taken in several small feedings, can produce transient hypoglycemia near the onset of exercise. Additionally, the magnitude of the response appears to be unrelated to either the amount of CHO ingested or the insulin response.
On the 95th anniversary of the first description of right ventricular myocardial infarction (2022)

An analysis of the publication of the outstanding Russian therapist and cardiologist Dmitriy D. Pletnev (1871 – 1941) is given in the article. In 1925, he published an article “On the issue of lifetime differential diagnosis of right and left coronary artery thrombosis” in the journal “Russian Clinics” in Russian and German languages. Timely diagnosis of right myocardial infarction determines the prognosis and treatment tactics of this disease, and the case itself has a priority for the Russian science. The authors emphasize the outstanding talent of D.D.Pletnev as a physician and scientist, whose name is associated with the emergence of one of the most brilliant therapeutic schools (A.L.Myasnikov, E.I.Chazov et al.).
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides stimulate IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 production in human B cells (2004)

Several classes of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with different immune stimulatory profiles were recently identified: the A-, B- and C-classes. In this study, we investigated the CpG-dependent stimulation of IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL10) in different human immune cell types. CpG ODNs induced IP-10 in monocytes, pDCs and in B cells. Purified B cells as well as RPMI 8226 cells responded to CpG stimulation by IP-10 production. Treatment with exogenous IFN-α2b sensitized PBMCs, purified B cells as well as RPMI 8226 cells to respond more efficiently to stimulation with CpG ODNs by IP-10 production. IP-10 signaling could be directly stimulated via TLR9 in CpG-unresponsive HEK293 cells transfected with human TLR9 and an IP-10 reporter construct. Therefore, CpG-mediated IP-10 production is stimulated through IFN-α in cells that express the IFN-α receptor, a second pathway for IP-10 induction exists in TLR9-expressing B cells and pDCs where IP-10 is stimulated directly upon CpG-mediated TLR9 signaling. Our data provide a better understanding of the mechanisms through which CpG ODNs induce efficient Th1 responses.
Recommender Systems over Wireless: Challenges and Opportunities (2018)

We consider wireless recommender systems that need to learn the user preferences (explore) and use them to accordingly decide what are the most profitable recommendations to make (exploit), under bandwidth constraints. We propose a graph-based scheme that leverages user side information and coding to efficiently exploit and explore over wireless, and evaluate its performance.
A Novel Laser Vaccine Adjuvant Increases the Motility of Antigen Presenting Cells (2010)

The results demonstrate the ability of this safe LVA to augment both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In comparison with all current vaccine adjuvants that are either chemical compounds or biological agents, LVA is novel in both its form and mechanism; it is risk-free and has distinct advantages over traditional vaccine adjuvants.
Optically active phosphine sulphides from phosphine oxides and boron trisulphide (1973)

B. E. Maryanoff, R. Tang and K. Mislow, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 273 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000273
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Activates Extracellularly Regulated Kinase to Regulate the P450 Side-Chain Cleavage Insulin-Like Response Element in Granulosa Cells (2010)

IGF regulates steroidogenesis in granulosa cells through expression of the cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) (CYP11A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in this biosynthetic process. We showed previously that the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) acts as a repressor, whereas Sp1 is an activator, of P450 gene expression. The aim of the present study was to investigate IGF-stimulated ERK signaling regulating P450scc gene expression in the immortalized porcine granulosa cell line JC-410. We used a reporter gene under control of the IGF response element from the P450scc promoter. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation with U0126 [1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(o-aminophenylmercapto)butadiene] blocked IGF-I induction of IGF response element reporter gene activity. Western blotting revealed that IGF-I treatment resulted in phosphorylation of ERK that was specifically inhibited by U0126. ERK activation led to phosphorylation of T739 (an ERK site) on Sp1 that was diminished by U0126 or overexpression of PSF. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting of nuclear extracts showed that phosphorylated ERK (pERK) bound PSF under basal conditions. IGF-I caused dissociation of pERK from PSF. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PSF and Sp1 constitutively occupy the P450scc promoter independent of IGF-I treatment. These events provide a potential molecular mechanism for release of PSF repression of P450scc expression by dissociation of pERK and subsequent pERK-mediated phosphorylation of Sp1 to drive transcriptional induction of the P450scc gene in the absence of altered binding of PSF or Sp1 to the promoter. Understanding IGF-I regulation of these critical ovarian signaling pathways is the first step to delineating ovarian hyperstimulation syndromes such as polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Community Detection with Secondary Latent Variables (2020)

Community detection refers to recovering a (latent) label on which the distribution of the observed graph depends. Recent work has also investigated the impact of additionally knowing the value of another variable at each vertex that is correlated with the vertex label (side information), while assuming side information is independent of the graph edges conditioned on the label. This work extends the scope of community detection in two ways. First, we consider a side information that does not form a Markov chain with the label and graph, and analyze the detection threshold of semidefinite programming subject to knowledge of this side information, which is a non-label latent variable on which the graph edges also depend. In the second part of the work, we consider aside from vertex labels a second latent variable that is unknown both in realization and in distribution. We then investigate the performance of the semidefinite programming community detection as a function of the (unknown) composition of the nuisance latent variable. In both cases, it is shown that semidefinite programming can achieve exact recovery down to the optimal (information theoretic) threshold.
Evidence for different interleukin 1 receptors in murine B- and T-cell lines. (1989)

Previous studies have shown that binding of interleukin 1 (IL-1) to its receptor and intracellular processing of the IL-1/IL-1 receptor complex appear to be different in B- and T-lymphocyte cell lines. In this study we used a B-lymphoid cell line, 70Z/3, and T-lymphoid cell line, EL-4 6.1 C10, to explore further the differences that exist between IL-1 receptors on cells of B and T lineage. We show that a monoclonal antibody against the IL-1 receptor on EL-4 cells does not bind to the IL-1 receptor on 70Z/3 cells. This finding suggests that there are structural differences in the extracellular domains of the IL-1 receptors on the two cell lines. Furthermore, affinity crosslinking showed that the molecular mass of the IL-1 receptor on EL-4 is 87 kDa, whereas that of 70Z/3 is significantly lower (66 kDa). Activation of phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) greatly reduced the number of IL-1 binding sites on 70Z/3. But, in sharp contrast, PMA had no effect on surface IL-1 receptor expression on EL-4 cells despite having an equally potent effect in activating protein kinase C. The different effects of protein kinase C suggest that the cytoplasmic domains of the IL-1 receptors in 70Z/3 and EL-4 may also be different. Lastly, a probe containing the entire coding region of the murine T-cell IL-1 receptor hybridized under high stringency conditions with mRNA from EL-4 cells but not with mRNA from 70Z/3 cells. Taken together, the observations made in this study suggest that major structural differences exist between the IL-1 receptors on B and T lymphocytes.
Random Telegraph Noise after Hot Carrier Injection in Tri-gate Nanowire Transistor (2019)

Random telegraph noise (RTN) after hot carrier injection (HCI) is studied with respect to RTN measurement conditions and HCI stress conditions. Both the number and amplitude of observed RTN increase after HCI. RTN after HCI shows that RTN amplitude is roughly proportional to the threshold voltage shift by HCI. As injected carrier by HCI increases, the degradation in gate oxide occurs introducing the trap sites which generate larger RTN regardless of the trap position and inversion carrier distribution. Meanwhile, RTN amplitude shows a weak correlation with drain current degradation by HCI. Large drain current degradation with high stress drain voltage is caused not only by threshold voltage shift but also by the mobility degradation which has a small impact on RTN amplitude.
Thermodynamic Analysis of β‐Sheet Secondary Structure by Backbone Thioester Exchange (2007)

No need for references: The conformational stability of β hairpins has been examined by replacing a backbone amide group by a thioester (see picture). The increased flexibility causes a decrease in the β-hairpin stability without changing the structure of the folded conformation and allows the stability of the folded state to be measured under native conditions, without the need for reference compounds for the fully unfolded and folded states. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z702449_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An Innate Immune System Cell Is a Major Determinant of Species-Related Susceptibility Differences to Fungal Pneumonia (2005)

Rats and mice are considered resistant and susceptible hosts, respectively, for experimental cryptococcosis. For both species, alveolar macrophages (AM) are central components of the host response to pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection. We explored the role of AM in three strains of mice and three strains of rats during cryptococcal infection by comparing the outcome of infection after macrophage depletion using liposomal clodronate. AM depletion was associated with enhancement and amelioration of disease in rats and mice, respectively, as measured by lung fungal burden. The apparent protective role for AM in rats correlated with enhanced anti-cryptococcal activity as measured by phagocytic activity, oxidative burst, lysozyme secretion, and ability to limit intracellular growth of C. neoformans. Furthermore, rat AM were more resistant to lysis in association with intracellular infection. In summary, differences in AM function in rats and mice suggest an explanation for the species differences in susceptibility to C. neoformans based on the inherent efficacy of a central effector cell of the innate immune system.
β-LGND2, an ERβ Selective Agonist, Inhibits Pathologic Retinal Neovascularization (2012)

β-LGND2 inhibited in vitro and in vivo pathologic neovascularization in the retina in an ERβ-specific mechanism. These results show that β-LGND2, a non-steroidal ERβ selective agonist, could be a useful therapeutic for ocular diseases involving aberrant angiogenesis, like ROP, wet-AMD, and diabetic retinopathy.
An Impulse UWB Radio System for Remotely-Powered Wireless MemoryTag Applications (2015)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies have been used for decades in a wide variety of applications, e.g. asset tracking, access management and mobile payment. The evolution of memory and radio technologies is enabling development of RFID tags towards wireless memory tags (WMT) with high storage capacity (&gt; 1 gigabit).&#13;\nThis work contributes to the research and development of WMT technologies and applications. The main objectives of this work are to show the feasibility of remotely-powered WMTs and that the required host functionality is integrable to today's mobile devices. A key enabler for the technology is the air-interface that supports wireless powering of tags, datarates above 100 Mbit/s and flexible usage needed for the new applications. Thus, an additional objective has been to develop a system with a high performance air-interface and to justify the chosen approach with an implementation showing the performance and feasibility of the system.&#13;\nThe scientific merit of the thesis lies in the novel methods and the strong contributions made to the design and development of the new dual-band radio system which overcomes the traditional challenges of single-band RFID systems. In the work an impulse UWB transceiver operating at 7.9 GHz center frequency has been developed. The transceiver utilizes one single super-regenerative oscillator for bi-directional communication. Additionally, synchronization schemes based on the use of a continuous wave signal (on UHF or HF band) for the synchronization of the UWB link have been developed and tested. Finally, the feasibility of the system has been confirmed by designing, developing and testing four system implementations.
Isolation and Culture of Ventral Mesencephalic Precursor Cells and Dopaminergic Neurons from Rodent Brains (2009)

The ability to isolate ventral midbrain (VM) precursor cells and neurons provides a powerful means to characterize their differentiation properties and to study their potential for restoring dopamine (DA) neurons degenerated in Parkinson's disease (PD). Preparation and maintenance of DA VM in primary culture involves a number of critical steps to yield healthy cells and appropriate data. Here, we offer a detailed description of protocols to consistently prepare VM DA cultures from rat and mouse embryonic fetal-stage midbrain. We also present methods for organotypic culture of midbrain tissue, for differentiation as aggregate cultures, and for adherent culture systems of DA differentiation and maturation, followed by a synopsis of relevant analytical read-out options. Isolation and culture of rodent VM precursor cells and DA neurons can be exploited for studies of DA lineage development, of neuroprotection, and of cell therapeutic approaches in animal models of PD.
Coherent-vorticity Preserving Large-Eddy Simulation of trefoil knotted vortices (2018)

We have performed Coherent-vorticity Preserving Large-Eddy simulations of a trefoil knot-shaped vortex, inspired by the experiments of Kleckner and Irvine. The flow parameter space is extended in the present study, including variations of the circulation Reynolds numbers in the range Re = 2000 - 200000, where Re = 20000 is the value used in the experiments. The vortex line corresponding to the trefoil knot is defined using a parametric equation and the Biot-Savart law is employed to initialize the velocity field. The CvP LES computation displays a good qualitative match with the experiment. In particular, the vortex entanglement process is accurately represented as well as the subsequent separation of the main vortex in two distinct structures - a small and a large vortex - with different self-advection speeds that have been quantified. The small vortex propagates faster than the large oscillatory vortex which carries an important amount of vorticity. The advection velocity of the vortex before bursting is found to be independent of the Reynolds number. The low Reynolds number computation leads to a decrease of the separated vortices velocity after bursting, compared to the higher Reynolds computations. The computation of energy spectra emphasizes intense energy transfers from large to small scales during the bursting process. The evolution of volume-averaged enstrophy shows that the bursting leads to the creation of small scales that are sustained a long time in the flow, when a sufficiently large Reynolds number is considered (Re>20000). The low Reynolds number case Re = 2000 hinders the generation of small scales during the bursting process and yields essentially laminar dynamics. The onset of background turbulence due to the entanglement process can be observed at Re = 200000
Discovery of a Potent Acyclic, Tripeptidic, Acyl Sulfonamide Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease as a Back-up to Asunaprevir with the Potential for Once-Daily Dosing (2016)

The discovery of a back-up to the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitor asunaprevir (2) is described. The objective of this work was the identification of a drug with antiviral properties and toxicology parameters similar to 2, but with a preclinical pharmacokinetic (PK) profile that was predictive of once-daily dosing. Critical to this discovery process was the employment of an ex vivo cardiovascular (CV) model which served to identify compounds that, like 2, were free of the CV liabilities that resulted in the discontinuation of BMS-605339 (1) from clinical trials. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) at each of the structural subsites in 2 were explored with substantial improvement in PK through modifications at the P1 site, while potency gains were found with small, but rationally designed structural changes to P4. Additional modifications at P3 were required to optimize the CV profile, and these combined SARs led to the discovery of BMS-890068 (29).