gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OPTIMISATION OF POLYMER AND STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE SUBSTITUTE ALLOGRAFT FOR USE IN IMPACTION BONE GRAFTING. (2012)

Background Impaction bone grafting with milled human allograft is the gold standard for replacing lost bone stock during revision hip surgery. Problems surrounding the use of allograft include cost, availability, disease transmission and stem subsidence (usually due to shear failure of the surrounding allograft). Aims. To investigate various polymers for use as substitute allograft. The ideal graft would be a composite with similar mechanical characteristics as allograft, and with the ability to form de novo bone. Methods High and low molecular weight (MW) forms of three different polymers (polylactic acid (PLA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL)) were milled, impacted into discs, and then tested in a custom built shear testing rig, and compared to allograft. A second stage of the experiment involved the addition of skeletal stem cells (SSC) to each of the milled polymers, impaction, 8 days incubation, and then tests for cell viability and number, via fluorostaining and biochemical (WST-1, DNA) assays. Results The shear strengths of both high/ low MW PLA, and high/low MW PLGA were significantly higher than those of milled allograft but high and low MW PCL was poor to impact, and had significantly lower shear strengths. Fluorostaining showed good cell survival on high MW PLA, high MW PCL and both high and low MW PLGA. These findings were confirmed on both DNA and WST-1 assays. Conclusions High MW PLA as well as high and low MW PLGA performed well both in mechanical testing and cell compatibility studies. These three polymers are good contenders to produce a living composite for use as substitute human allograft in impaction bone grafting.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Mononeuropathy multiplex (2003)

Peripheral neuropathy is an uncommon complication of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We report a 61-year-old man with ITP who developed acute-onset mononeuropathy multiplex. An electrophysiologic study revealed active axonal degenerative alteration, and a sural nerve biopsy showed axonal degeneration. Intraneural hemorrhage was suggested to be the most likely cause.
A combined small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering study of block copolymers micellisation in supercritical carbon dioxide (2003)

Small angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) are used to investigate the monomer–aggregate transition of fluorocarbon–hydrocarbon diblock copolymers in supercritical carbon dioxide. SANS data are analyzed using a polydisperse sphere core–shell model. Synchrotron SAXS data have been collected by profiling the pressure at different temperatures, and critical micellization densities have been obtained for a series of diblock solutions. Finally pressure jump experiments, combined with synchrotron SAXS, have revealed two steps in the dynamics of the formation of the aggregates.
31.3: Classification of Subjective Speckle for Evaluation of Laser Display (2014)

Abstract Speckle in laser display contains several types of interference wavefront which is originated in different generation mechanism. We found out that subjective speckle can be classified into three types; projected speckle, screen speckle and direct speckle. Some experimental results were shown to see how each type of speckle looks like.
Retraction Note: Small interfering RNA targeted to stem-loop II of the 5′ untranslated region effectively inhibits expression of six HCV genotypes (2021)

The antiviral action of interferon alpha targets the 5' untranslated region (UTR) used by hepatitis C virus (HCV) to translate protein by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mechanism. Although this sequence is highly conserved among different clinical strains, approximately half of chronically infected hepatitis C patients do not respond to interferon therapy. Therefore, development of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to the 5'UTR to inhibit IRES mediated translation may represent an alternative approach that could circumvent the problem of interferon resistance. Four different plasmid constructs were prepared for intracellular delivery of siRNAs targeting the stem loop II-III of HCV 5' UTR. The effect of siRNA production on IRES mediated translation was investigated using chimeric clones between the gene for green fluorescence protein (GFP) and IRES sequences of six different HCV genotypes. The siRNA targeted to stem loop II effectively mediated degradation of HCV IRES mRNA and inhibited GFP expression in the case of six different HCV genotypes, where as siRNAs targeted to stem loop III did not. Furthermore, intracytoplasmic expression of siRNA into transfected Huh-7 cells efficiently degraded HCV genomic RNA and inhibited core protein expression from infectious full-length infectious clones HCV 1a and HCV 1b strains. These in vitro studies suggest that siRNA targeted to stem-loop II is highly effective inhibiting IRES mediated translation of the major genotypes of HCV. Stem-loop II siRNA may be a good target for developing an intracellular immunization strategy based antiviral therapy to inhibit hepatitis C virus strains that are not inhibited by interferon.
Double patterning combined with shrink technique to extend ArF lithography for contact holes to 22nm node and beyond (2008)

Lithography becomes much more challenging when CD shrinks to 22nm nodes. Since EUV is not ready, double patterning combined with Resolution Enhancement Technology (RET) such as shrink techniques seems to be the most possible solution. Companies such as TSMC<sup>[1]</sup> and IBM<sup>[2]</sup> etc. are pushing out EUV to extend immersion ArF lithography to 32nm/22nm nodes. Last year, we presented our development work on 32nm node contact (50nm hole at 100nm pitch) using dry ArF lithography by double patterning with SAFIER shrink process[3]. To continue the work, we further extend our dry litho capability towards the 22nm node. We demonstrated double patterning capability of 40nm holes at 80nm pitch using ASML XT1400E scanner. It seems difficult to print pitches below 140nm on dry scanner in single exposure which is transferred into 70nm pitch with double patterning. To push the resolution to 22nm node and beyond, we developed ArF immersion process on ASML XT1700i-P system at the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (Albany, NY) combined with a SAFIER process. We achieved single exposure process capability of 25nm holes at 128nm pitch after shrink. It enables us to print ~25nm holes at pitch of 64nm with double patterning. Two types of hard mask (HM), i.e. TIN and a-Si were used in both dry and immersion ArF DP processes. The double patterning process consists of two HM litho-shrink-etch steps. The dense feature is designed into two complementary parts on two masks such that the density is reduced by half and minimum pitch is increased by at least a factor of 21/2 depending on design. The complete pattern is formed after the two HM litho-shrink-etch steps are finished.
Continuous Real-Time Urine Output Monitoring for Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury (2011)

In critically ill patients, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication. In some cases, oliguria may be the only sign verifying this condition. The consensus definitions of RIFLE and AKIN are based on changes in creatinine and urine output and define classes of severity within AKI. While meaningful change in serum creatinine is often not detectable until 48 h after deterioration in kidney function, urine output is a more rapid physiological parameter and detectable at the patient's bedside. Although urine output is a critical parameter in the intensive care unit, routine urine output measurements are performed manually. As a result, they may not be done timely and may be subject to inaccuracies due to human factors. The URINFO(®) system is an innovative digital urine meter that provides continuous minute-to-minute monitoring of urine output, thereby enhancing kidney monitoring and the acquisition of more reliable urine output information in realtime. Consequently, monitoring of urine output with URINFO may enable rapid therapeutic interventions and can be incorporated into patient data systems, thereby improving therapy management.
Mass Conserving Models of Vapor Compression Cycles (2015)

Many dynamic models of vapor compression systems experience nonphysical variations in the total refrigerant mass contained in the system when common modeling approaches are used. Rather than use the traditional state variables of pressure and specific enthalpy, the use of density as a state variable can eliminate these variations. A set of test models is developed in Modelica to study the effect of the state variable selection on the overall system charge, and results indicate that this alternative approach has significant benefits for maintaining a specified mass of refrigerant in the cycle.
Preemptive Septal Radiofrequency Ablation to Prevent Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction With Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: A Case Series (2022)

In at-risk individuals, preemptive septal radiofrequency ablation may be an effective strategy at preventing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with transcatheter mitral valve replacement.
80‐2: Invited Paper: Ink Jet Printed Film Formation and Its Impact on OLED Device Performance (2019)

Flat and homogeneous films by ink jet printing of organic materials are proven to be essential for OLED application. The impact of ink formulation, film thickness, pixel size, bank layout and process conditions (i.e. drying parameters) have been investigated. Their severe impact on device performance is illustrated.
City Atmospheric Quality Optimal Assessment Based on Combined Model (2013)

This paper puts forward a new atmospheric quality assessment method that is, according to the combinatorial theories, using Goodness of Fit method to get weights to combine three models which are air pollution index method, cloud model and Projection Pursuit Grade method. The combined model is applied to the Hong Kong atmospheric qual- ity assessment; the results show the method increases the evaluation performance, possesses more reliability and com- prehension, and provides a new idea for the city atmospheric quality synthetically assessment.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Primary Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Is Associated with Aggressive Clinical Behavior and Poor Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;(A) ALT-positive PanNET patients with lymph node metastasis (median survival, 131 months) had a tendency of better survival than ALT-negative PanNET patients with nodal metastasis (54 months, HR=0.31, 95% CI=0.08-1.19; p=0.088). (B) ALT-positive PanNET patients with distant metastasis (overall 5-year survival rate, 75.0%) trended toward better survival than ALT-negative patients (25.0%), but was not statistically significant (p=0.118).&lt;/p&gt;
Protein kinase B controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth via phosphorylation of the global transcriptional regulator Lsr2 (2019)

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to persist in the body through months of multi-drug therapy. Mycobacteria possess a wide range of regulatory proteins, including the essential protein kinase B (PknB), that control transitions between growth states. Here, we establish that depletion of PknB in replicating M. tuberculosis results in transcriptional adaptations that implicate the DNA-binding protein Lsr2 in coordinating these changes. We show that Lsr2 is phosphorylated by PknB, and that phosphorylation of Lsr2 at threonine 112 is important for M. tuberculosis growth and survival under hypoxic conditions. Fluorescence anisotropy and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that phosphorylation reduces Lsr2 binding to DNA, and ChIP-sequencing confirms increased DNA binding of a phosphoablative (T112A) Lsr2 mutant in M. tuberculosis . Altered expression of target genes in T112A Lsr2 compared to wild type Lsr2 M. tuberculosis offers further evidence that phosphorylation mediates expression of the Lsr2 regulon. Structural studies reveal increased dynamics of the Lsr2 DNA binding domain from a T112D phosphomimetic Lsr2 mutant, providing a molecular basis for decreased DNA binding by phosphorylated Lsr2. Our findings suggest that, the essential protein kinase, PknB controls M. tuberculosis growth and adaptations to the changing host environment by phosphorylating the global transcriptional regulator Lsr2.
Optimization and Performance Analysis of Interferometric GNSS-R Altimeters: Application to the PARIS IoD Mission (2014)

Reflectometry using Global Navigation Satellite System's signals (GNSS-R) of opportunity was originally conceived in the early 1990 s for mesoscale altimetry, and since then, many studies have shown its applicability to other remote sensing applications such as sea state determination, soil moisture, vegetation, snow monitoring, etc. In December 2012, the Phase A studies of ESA's PAssive Reflectometry and Interferometry System In-orbit Demonstration (PARIS IoD) mission concluded. In conventional GNSS-R (cGNSS-R), the satellite navigation signals scattered over the Earth's surface are cross-correlated with a locally generated replica of the transmitted ones shifted in frequency (Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ), and in delay (Δτ). However, in PARIS, a different technique called interferometric GNSS-R (iGNSS-R) is used, which allows the use of the whole signal's bandwidth, and improve the altimetry precision, despite the large bandwidth signals' codes being not publically available. This is achieved by using the direct signal collected by a directive antenna, instead of the locally generated replica. This study presents a methodology to optimize the configuration of a generic iGNSS-R altimeter, and evaluate its performance. The methodology presented is then particularized to a PARIS IoD-like case.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-6 from Endothelial Cells Create a Stem Cell Niche in Glioblastoma by Providing NOTCH Ligands That Nurture Self-Renewal of Cancer Stem-Like Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2.4 MB&lt;/p&gt;
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for clinically localized prostate cancer: the Georgetown University experience (2013)

SBRT for clinically localized prostate cancer was well tolerated, with an early biochemical response similar to other radiation therapy treatments. Benign PSA bounces were common. Late GI and GU toxicity rates were comparable to conventionally fractionated radiation therapy and brachytherapy. Late urinary symptom flares were observed but the majority resolved with conservative management. A high percentage of men who were potent prior to treatment remained potent two years following treatment.
Efficacy and Mechanisms of Gastric Volume-Restriction Bariatric Devices (2021)

Obesity is a chronic disease that affects over 795 million people worldwide. Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy to combat the epidemic of clinically severe obesity, but it is only performed in a very small proportion of patients because of the limited surgical indications, the irreversibility of the procedure, and the potential postoperative complications. As an alternative to bariatric surgery, numerous medical devices have been developed for the treatment of morbid obesity and obesity-related disorders. Most devices target restriction of the stomach, but the mechanism of action is likely more than just mechanical restriction. The objective of this review is to integrate the underlying mechanisms of gastric restrictive bariatric devices in obesity and comorbidities. We call attention to the need for future studies on potential mechanisms to shed light on how current gastric volume-restriction bariatric devices function and how future devices and treatments can be further improved to combat the epidemic of obesity.
Human microbiome science: vision for the future, (2014)

A conference entitled ‘Human microbiome science: Vision for the future’ was organized in Bethesda, MD from July 24 to 26, 2013. The event brought together experts in the field of human microbiome research and aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of microbiome research, but more importantly to identify and discuss gaps, challenges and opportunities in this nascent field. This report summarizes the presentations but also describes what is needed for human microbiome research to move forward and deliver medical translational applications.
Digital cancellation technique to mitigate receiver desensitization in cellular handsets operating in carrier aggregation mode with multiple uplinks and multiple downlinks (2015)

Recent explosive growth in uplink and downlink carrier aggregation in cellular networks is leading to severe desense in receivers for deployment of certain band combinations. In this paper, we studied receiver desense caused by 2nd order nonlinearity of components in the signal chain. A practical case of two (bands 3 and 8) uplink aggregation and three (bands 3, 8 and 26) downlink carrier aggregation was considered to demonstrate greater than 20dB desense in band 26 receiver despite using state of the art frontend components including linear diplexer with IIP2 greater than +90dBm. We developed a digital cancellation technique that is capable of achieving greater than 20dB improvement in signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio for 10MHz LTE signals.
Sub-nanosecond magnetoresistance measurements of switching transients (2003)

Summary form only given. To complement optical studies of magnetic reversal, high speed magnetoresistance (MR) measurements are a quick method to study the dynamics of the magnetization switching behavior of small size ferromagnetic elements, a topic with considerable significance for fields such as high speed sensor systems and MRAM. We decouple parasitic capacitive effects and aim to provide a systematic study of the parameters that affect the switching transients. Our test structure consists of coplanar waveguide write and read lines contacting an exchange biased spin valve.
Vérification de l'exactitude des indices optiques des couches minces optimisées : relations de Kramers-Kronig (2010)

Notre problème se situe dans le domaine des nanotechnologies. Nous cherchons à déterminer les indices optiques de couches minces supposées homogènes (résines ou autres), déposées sur divers substrats (par exemple plaque de silicium) en résolvant un problème inverse. Partant des données obtenues par l'ellipsométrie, nous remontons vers les paramètres inconnus de départ, tels que l'indice de réfraction et le coecient de l'extinction pour chaque niveau d'énergie. Les données étant bruitées et la précision demandée étant de l'ordre de grandeur du nanomètre, une simple résolution du problème inverse avec des méthodes connues n'est pas susante. L'ellipsometrie consiste à mesurer le changement de l'état de la polarisation de la lumière réfléchie à la surface de l'échantillon. Les données obtenues par l'ellipsomètre sont utilisées lors de l'optimisation. Ayant 2N mesures (2 composants de l'intensité de la lumière pour chaque niveau d'énergie), le but est de calculer 2N inconnues : le coecient d'extinction ki et l'indice de réfraction ni pour chaque niveau d'énergie (électron volt-eV) i. Ici, n et k sont les composantes réelles et ima ginaires du complexe optique (n + ik ). Dans notre étude précédente [1], nous décrivons différentes méthodes d'optimisation que nous avons proposées pour calculer ces inconnues (technique de ré gularisation, recherche dans une librairie préconstruite, optimisation non-linéaire de Matlab). Dans ce papier, nous montrons l'idée de la transformation de Kramers-Kronig (KK) et son application à notre problème pour vérier si après l'étape d'optimisation nous obtenons des résultats ayant un sens physique.
Modeling and validation of a mm-wave shaped dielectric lens antenna (2018)

The modeling and validation of a 33 GHz shaped dielectric antenna design is investigated. The electromagnetic modeling was performed in both WIPL-D and FEKO, and was used to validate the antenna design prior to fabrication of the lens. It is shown that both WIPL-D and FEKO yield similarly accurate results as compared to measured far-field gain radiation patterns.
Implementing a CMOS boundary-scan architecture tutorial (2002)

This tutorial discusses the implementation of a boundary-scan architecture in CMOS. The boundary-scan testability features and principles, as discussed in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 1149.1, are reviewed. Next, we describe the necessary steps to convert those principles into a practical boundary-scan architecture implementation. Our implementation was for the MOSIS 2 /spl mu/m Scalable CMOS (SCMOS) p-well process. Design tactics and issues for the individual architecture components are treated as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Discovery of a Novel Series of Potent Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS5B (2013)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global public health problem. While the current standard of care, a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) protease inhibitor taken in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, represents a major advancement in recent years, an unmet medical need still exists for treatment modalities that improve upon both efficacy and tolerability. Toward those ends, much effort has continued to focus on the discovery of new DAAs, with the ultimate goal to provide interferon-free combinations. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme NS5B represents one such DAA therapeutic target for inhibition that has attracted much interest over the past decade. Herein, we report the discovery and optimization of a novel series of inhibitors of HCV NS5B, through the use of structure-based design applied to a fragment-derived starting point. Issues of potency, pharmacokinetics, and early safety were addressed in order to provide a clinical candidate in fluoropyridone 19.
TILLERING PATTERNS OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES GROWN IN A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT (1989)

Replicated field trials were conducted for 2 yr at two locations in a semiarid short-season environment to compare the tillering patterns of three spring wheat genotypes. Neepawa (high tillering), Siete Cerros (low tillering) and M1417 (oligoculm) were evaluated at five seeding rates (40–640 seeds m −2 ). Genotypes, locations, years, and seeding rates had significant effects on tiller appearance rate (TAR), maximum tiller number (TMAX), days to TMAX (DTMAX), tiller senescence rate (TSR), tiller mortality (TM) and number of spikes (SN). Genotype × seeding rate and/or year × genotype interactions were detected for TAR, TMAX, TSR, TM and SN. For Siete Cerros, TAR and TSR were constant proportions of those for Neepawa over the four lowest seeding rates. In contrast, TAR and TSR for M1417 increased in proportion to those for Neepawa with increased seeding rate. Similar relationships were observed for TMAX and SN in 1984, but not in 1985. Siete Cerros had higher TM than Neepawa and M1417, especially at low seeding rates. Changes in genotype rank from one seeding rate to another were observed for TAR, TMAX, TSR, and TM, but not for SN. Changes in rank suggest that different tillering patterns may be better suited to different growing environments.Key words: Wheat (spring), tillering patterns, seeding rates
Rapid and direct control of target protein levels with VHL-recruiting dTAG molecules (2020)

Chemical biology strategies for directly perturbing protein homeostasis including the degradation tag (dTAG) system provide temporal advantages over genetic approaches and improved selectivity over small molecule inhibitors. We describe dTAG<sup>V</sup>-1, an exclusively selective VHL-recruiting dTAG molecule, to rapidly degrade FKBP12<sup>F36V</sup>-tagged proteins. dTAG<sup>V</sup>-1 overcomes a limitation of previously reported CRBN-recruiting dTAG molecules to degrade recalcitrant oncogenes, supports combination degrader studies and facilitates investigations of protein function in cells and mice.