gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional Pattern Formation Using Graphoepitaxy of PS-b-PMMA Block Copolymers for Advanced FinFET Device and Circuit Fabrication (2014)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of lamellar phase block-co-polymers (BCPs) can be used to form nanoscale line-space patterns. However, exploiting the potential of this process for circuit relevant patterning continues to be a major challenge. In this work, we propose a way to impart two-dimensional pattern information in graphoepitaxy-based lamellar phase DSA processes by utilizing the interactions of the BCP with the template pattern. The image formation mechanism is explained through the use of Monte Carlo simulations. Circuit patterns consisting of the active region of Si FinFET transistors, referred to as Si "fins", were fabricated to demonstrate the applicability of this technique to the formation of complex patterns. The quality of the Si fin features produced by this process was validated by demonstrating the first functional DSA-patterned FinFET devices with 29 nm-pitch fins.
Performance optimization of LC bi-directional inductive power transfer system (2015)

Bi-directional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) systems are suitable for applications such as wireless integration of Electric Vehicle (EV) with the utility grid. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the most widely used BD-IPT systems in EV applications - a series tuned inductor-capacitor (LC) type BD-IPT system. The system parameters used in the paper have been set according to SAE J2954 guidelines for wireless electrical vehicle charging. Mathematical and simulation models of the system have been developed to investigate the behavior and sensitivity of the system to variations in circuit parameters. The validity of the mathematical models is verified and the efficiency of each system is investigated using simulated results based on a 3.7 kW simulated systems. Both frequency and relative phase modulation between converters are being considered for performance optimization of the systems. Nearly a 4% improvement in efficiency can be observed with these optimum modulations values.
Cartilage loss patterns within femorotibial contact regions during deep knee bend (2016)

Osteoarthritis (OA) can alter knee kinematics and stresses. The relationship between cartilage loss in OA and kinematics is unclear, with existing work focusing on static wear and morphology. In this work, femorotibial cartilage maps were coupled with kinematics to investigate the relationship between kinematics and cartilage loss, allowing for more precise treatment and intervention. Cartilage thickness maps were created from healthy and OA subgroups (varus, valgus, and neutral) and mapped to a statistical bone atlas. Video fluoroscopy determined contact regions from 0° to 120° flexion. Varus and valgus subgroups displayed different wear patterns across the range of flexion, with varus knees showing more loss in early flexion and valgus in deeper flexion. For the femur, varus knees had more wear in the medial compartment than neutral or valgus and most wear at both 0° and 20° flexion. In the lateral femoral compartment, the valgus subgroup showed significantly more wear from 20° to 60° flexion as compared to other angles, though varus knees displayed highest magnitude of wear. For the tibia, most medial wear occurred at 0-40° flexion and most lateral occurred after 60° flexion. Knowing more about cartilage changes in OA knees provides insight as to expected wear or stresses on implanted components after arthroplasty. Combining cartilage loss patterns with kinematics allows for pre-surgical intervention and treatments tailored to the patient׳s alignment and kinematics. Reported wear patterns may also serve as a gauge for post-operative loading to be considered when placing implant components.
Attractive line codes for high-speed LANs and MANs and their realization (2002)

Steadily increasing data rates in local and metropolitan area networks call for the high-speed realization of line codes. For many applications these line codes should be DC-free. The code selected for the fiber channel standard (FCS) belongs to a class of DC-free codes known as alternate codes. New DC-free line codes that improve the timing properties of the FCS code are constructed. Look-ahead precomputation and state switching are used to reduce single XOR operation. A high-speed encoder architecture for two-state alternate codes, based on state switching and parallel processing, is described, using the example of the FCS code. The architecture is well-suited to VLSI implementation. Using this architecture, the FCS code can be efficiently realized with a low-speed technology (e.g., CMOS) even at multigigabit data rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Atorvastatin reduces sympathetic nerve activity through the inhibition of Rac1/NAD (P) H oxidase and upregulation of Mn‐SOD in SHRSP (2009)

Background Statin is consider to protect for neuroplasticity. We demonstrated that oral administration of atorvastatin decreases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) through the anti‐oxidant effect in rortral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). We hypothesized that atorvastatin might protect for neuroplasticity by reduction of oxidative stress in RVLM of SHRSP. Methods and Results In SHRSP, intracerebroventricular infusion of atorvastatin (20 μg/kg/day) (ATORVA) for 14 days significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, heart rate and SNA (‐28±3 %, n=5, P&lt;0.01) in comparison with vehicle infusion (CNT). In the RVLM, ATORVA decreased oxidative stress, Rac1 and NAD (P) H oxidase activity. ATORVA also significantly lowered the expression of Rac1, gp91phox, p22phox in membrane fraction, and p47phox in cytosolic fraction. In contrast, the expression level of Rac1 in cytosolic fraction and Mn‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) activity were significantly increased in ATORVA. Conclusion In the RVLM of SHRSP, atorvastatin inhibits membrane translocation of Rac1 and NAD (P) H oxidase subunits and upregulates Mn‐SOD activity, which contribute to the inhibition of oxidative stress in the RVLM, protection for neural plasticity and the sympatho‐inhibitory effect.
Investigating the Direct Interaction Between CD24 and β-catenin in Intestinal Tumorigenesis: 2017 Presidential Poster Award (2017)

Introduction: CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein that functions as an adhesion molecule and is overexpressed at an early stage of CRC. The Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in CRC carcinogenesis process. We had previously shown that that depletion of CD24 alleles in ApcMin mice led to a significant reduction in the number of polyps in the small and large intestine. Moreover, The ApcMin displayed severe splenomegaly compared to ApcMin/CD24-/- that presented normal sized spleen. The ApcMin/CD24-/- also showed normal blood count compared to anemia presented in the ApcMin mice. Aim: to study the cellular interactions between CD24 and β-catenin, and their effects on intestinal tumorigenesis. Methods: CD24-inducible 293T-Rex cells previously developed in our lab, and SW480 CRC cells stably transfected with CD24 were used to study this interaction in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining were used to investigate the interaction between the two proteins. Far western blotting (WB) analysis was used to confirm this direct interaction, by probing the standard WB membrane with the purified CD24 protein. Results:In vitro: Western blotting analyses showed that expression of CD24 in 293T-Rex cells induced the activation of β-catenin, while down-regulation of CD24 in SW480 cells caused a decrease in the level of active β-catenin. Cytoplasmic/nuclear fractionation showed that more active β-catenin enters the nucleus in cells that express CD24 (clone1) as compared to control cells (clone 4) (Figure 1A-C). In addition, in both cell lines, TOP/FOP luciferase reporter assay showed a significant increase in Luciferase activity upon CD24 expression induction (Figure 1D, E). Co-immunoprecipitation studies of CD24 and β-catenin indicated that these two proteins might be interacting (Figure 2A). in addition, In HEK-293T cells and SW480 cells Immunofluorescent staining of CD24 and β-catenin showed that these two proteins co-localize on the cellular membrane (Figure 2C). Furthermore, far western blotting analysis suggests that a direct interaction between the proteins exists (Figure 2B).FigureFigureConclusion: 1. CD24 plays a major role in intestinal tumorigenesis. 2. CD24 interacts with the Wnt pathway by activating β-catenin. 3. CD24 interacts directly with β-catenin 4. Down regulation of CD24 maybe an important aim in the therapy of CRC.
Neutron dark-field imaging applied to porosity and deformation-induced phase transitions in additively manufactured steels (2020)

Neutron dark-field imaging (DFI) was used to investigate the microstructure of additive manufactured steels. Several DFI methods were combined to assess the microstructure over more than two orders of magnitude in size. Different degrees of porosity and other building features were found depending on the parameters of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing process. A sample built with processing parameters yielding the lowest porosity was deformed which induced a phase transformation of the austenitic phase (fcc) into the martensitic phase (bcc). In the deformed sample an increased dark-field contrast was observed which can only be explained by accounting for the fcc-bcc phase distribution and the magnetic properties of the martensitic phase. We demonstrate that neutron dark-field imaging is well suited to not only detect build flaws like cracks but quantitatively characterize the microstructure in additive manufactured steels.
The role of technology readiness in consumers' adoption of mobile internet services between South Korea and China (2014)

This study built a causal model using the technology readiness and acceptance model (TRAM) to identify the factors influencing the adoption of mobile internet services in South Korea and China. In order to compare South Korea and China, a survey was conducted of 348 people who had experience with using mobile internet services. This study identified the factors influencing the motivation of mobile internet service consumers to use the services. According to the structural equation model analysis, South Koreans turned out to be more highly influenced by the drivers of positive technology readiness such as innovativeness and optimism when compared with Chinese users. Chinese were less influenced by positive technology readiness factors such as innovativeness and optimism than were South Koreans. Chinese were influenced more by negative technology readiness factors such as discomfort and insecurity.
Highly Nonlinear Fibers and Their Application to Discrete Raman Amplifiers (2003)

As a flexible gain element, that is capable of operating at arbitrary wavelengths, discrete Raman amplifiers employing highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) are examined in terms of pumping efficiency, noise characteristics, impact on signal quality, and dispersion characteristics.
Models to estimate the Unicast and Multicast Resource Demand for a Bouquet of IP-Transported TV Channels (2006)

This paper presents mathematical models for estimating the required resources in an infrastructure where digital TV channels can be either unicast or multicast. Such situations arise for example in (fixed) IPTV distribution networks or in future (hybrid) networks for mobile digital TV delivery. In order to save network capacity while at the same time not reducing the subscribers’ channel choice, the network operator can opt for multicasting the most popular channels while still relying on unicast for (the requested) other channels. We investigate two scenarios, namely first when the set of multicast channels is predefined and second when the multicast channel list is dynamic and governed by the users’ behavior. The exact calculation tools for both scenarios have their limits with respect to computational efficiency/power but we present a Gaussian approximation, which proves good enough to approximate the required unicast and multicast capacity in situations with large numbers of users and channels.
Digital Signal Processing for RF at 45-nm CMOS and Beyond (2006)

Having gained experience in developing the first ever all-digital transmitter and digitally-intensive receiver for mobile phones in 90-nm CMOS, the authors offering in this paper are view into the future of highly integrated RF circuits. First experimental designs in 45-nm CMOS reveal highly unfriendly environment for analog and RF circuits design. The radio architecture to be successful must further transform the conventional voltage domain into high-speed and high-precision operation of predominantly digital circuitry
Fully Homomorphic Key Update and Key Exchange Over Exterior Product Spaces For Cloud Computing Applications (2019)

We introduce a fully homomorphic symmetric-key encryption scheme, a homomorphic key update and a key exchange protocols for exchanging secret keys among multiple parties, updating secret keys on existing ciphertexts without prior decryption, and generating secret keys for partial, ephemeral and/or consolidated data, which have useful applications in cloud computing.
Exploring Indoor White Spaces in Metropolises (2017)

It is a promising vision to exploit white spaces , that is, vacant VHF and UHF TV channels, to meet the rapidly growing demand for wireless data services in both outdoor and indoor scenarios. While most prior works have focused on outdoor white space, the indoor story is largely open for investigation. Motivated by this observation and discovering that 70% of the spectrum demand comes from indoor environment, we carry out a comprehensive study to explore indoor white spaces. We first conduct a large-scale measurement study and compare outdoor and indoor TV spectrum occupancy at 30+ diverse locations in a typical metropolis—Hong Kong. Our results show that abundant white spaces are available in different areas in Hong Kong, which account for more than 50% and 70% of the entire TV spectrum in outdoor and indoor scenarios, respectively. Although there are substantially more white spaces indoors than outdoors, there have been very few solutions for identifying indoor white space. To fill in this gap, we develop the first data-driven, low-cost indoor white space identification system for White-space Indoor Spectrum EnhanceR (WISER), to allow secondary users to identify white spaces for communication without sensing the spectrum themselves. We design the architecture and algorithms to address the inherent challenges. We build a WISER prototype and carry out real-world experiments to evaluate its performance. Our results show that WISER can identify 30%--40% more indoor white spaces with negligible false alarms, as compared to alternative baseline approaches.
Oxidations of tetraphenylpyrroles (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidations of tetraphenylpyrrolesRobert E. Lutz and David W. Boykin Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 4, 1179–1183Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01279a072https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01279a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bis(η5-hydropentalenyl)iron (1996)

In the structure of bis[(3a,4,5,6,6a-η)-1-hydropentalenyl]iron, [Fe(C8H7)2], two pentalene ligands are parallel. The molecules are packed in chains along the a axis, and there are no significant intermolecular interactions. The title compound shows disorder at the iron position with a 93.3% major and a 6.7% minor component. The structure of the predominant component has been determined. In addition the double bond in one pentalene ligand is disordered. This confirms the results of a previous spectroscopic 1H NMR study [Katz & Rosenberger (1963). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 2030–2031].
Cross‐layer directional antenna MAC protocol for wirelessad hoc networks (2006)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a directional antenna medium access (DAMA) protocol and its enhanced version called enhanced DAMA (EDAMA), which takes advantage of the benefits offered by directional antennas. Both of these schemes have been inspired by the IEEE 802.11 MAC, with major enhancements including a new neighbor discovery scheme, an optimized circular directional transmission of RTS and CTS to prevent the hidden node problem, reduce collisions and decrease node deafness, and also a multi‐buffer management scheme. A pair of communicating nodes using these schemes simultaneously transmits the circular directional RTS and CTS only to those sectors with neighbors, hence reducing overall communication delay and enhancing throughput. The main difference between DAMA and EDAMA lies in the way buffering is provided in the MAC layer. Unlike DAMA, which uses a single MAC buffer for all antenna beams as in IEEE 802.11, EDAMA employs separate buffers for each of the antenna sectors and introduces an integrated network and MAC cross‐layer design. This helps in eliminating the ‘ self‐induced blocking ’ problem prominent in existing directional MAC protocols. We have compared DAMA, EDAMA, IEEE 802.11, and two recently proposed directional MAC protocols, and results show that DAMA and EDAMA perform better than existing MAC protocols in the majority of the scenarios investigated, while EDAMA is observed to perform best. We also point out that the performance usually depends on the network topology and traffic pattern. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Phase-enhanced defect sensitivity for EUV mask inspection (2014)

In this paper, we present a complete study on mask blank and patterned mask inspection utilizing the Zernike phase contrast method. The Zernike phase contrast method provides in-focus inspection ability to study phase defects with enhanced defect sensitivity. However, the 90 degree phase shift in the pupil will significantly reduce the amplitude defect signal at focus. In order to detect both types of defects with a single scan, an optimized phase shift instead of 90 degree on the pupil plane is proposed to achieve an acceptable trade-off on their signal strengths. We can get a 70% of its maximum signal strength at focus for both amplitude and phase defects with a 47 degree phase shift. For SNR, the tradeoff between speckle noise and signal strength has to be considered. The SNR of phase and amplitude defects at focus can both reach 11 with 13 degree phase shift and 50% apodization. Moreover, the simulation results on patterned mask inspection of partially hidden phase defects with die-to-database inspection approach on the blank inspection tool show that the improvement of the Zernike phase method is more limited. A 40% enhancement of peak signal strength can be achieved with the Zernike phase contrast method when the defect is centered in the space, while the enhancement drops to less than 10% when it is beneath the line.
Synthesis of TiB2 dispersed aluminum alloys by the self-propagating high-temperature reaction. (1996)

TiB2 dispersed aluminum alloy was synthesized by the reaction. Starting materials used in this experiment were titanium, AlB12 and AlB2. The heat of reaction between titanium and AlB12 was too high to maintain the original configuration of the powder compact. Thermodynamical calculation reveales that the adiabatic temperature of the reaction between titanium and AlB12 exceeds the boiling temperature of aluminum. Titanium and aluminum were added in the [Ti, AlB12] powder mixture to control the adiabatic temperature of the reaction. The addition of both titanium and aluminum can successfully control the adiabatic temperature. The average size of the TiB2 particles was strongly depends on the amount of titanium added as the diluent of the heat of reaction. As the amount of titanium addition in powder phase increases, the average size of TiB2 particles, synthesized by the reaction, decreases. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) data reveales that the reaction between titanium and AlB2 initiates at around 1280 K (the decomposing temperature of AlB2) whereas the reaction between titanium and AlB12 does not occur at temperatures below 1473 K. The addition of aluminum powder in powder mixture of [Ti, AlB12] system, however, contributes to decreasing the initiation temperature of the reaction.
A Multi-Task Neural Approach for Emotion Attribution, Classification, and Summarization (2019)

Emotional content is a crucial ingredient in user-generated videos. However, the sparsity of emotional expressions in the videos poses an obstacle to visual emotion analysis. In this paper, we propose a new neural approach, Bi-stream Emotion Attribution-Classification Network (BEAC-Net), to solve three related emotion analysis tasks: emotion recognition, emotion attribution, and emotion-oriented summarization, in a single integrated framework. BEAC-Net has two major constituents, an attribution network and a classification network. The attribution network extracts the main emotional segment that classification should focus on in order to mitigate the sparsity issue. The classification network utilizes both the extracted segment and the original video in a bi-stream architecture. We contribute a new dataset for the emotion attribution task with human-annotated ground-truth labels for emotion segments. Experiments on two video datasets demonstrate superior performance of the proposed framework and the complementary nature of the dual classification streams.
Dynamics of CO Binding to Lacunar Iron(II) Cyclidene Complexes (1997)

The kinetics of carbon monoxide binding and dissociation have been studied for a series of lacunar iron(II) cyclidene complexes to elucidate the dependence of dynamic parameters on the various structural features of these versatile compounds. Ligand substituents have large effects on the binding and dissociative rate constants, and remarkably, four distinctly different steric effects have been observed. (1) Changing cavity size alters the rate of CO binding by as much as 4 orders of magnitude, presumably by constraining access to the metal ion. (2) Decreases in cavity size also can increase the rate of CO dissociation by a factor of 10 or so. (3) Placing bulky groups in the path CO must follow to enter the cavity decreases the rate of binding because of steric effect (1), but these same obstructions may also decrease the rate of dissociation by blocking the escape path and, possibly, fostering geminate recombination. (4) Proximal ligand strain both decreases the rate of binding and increases the rate of CO dissociation. In contrast, changes in the iron(III)/(II) redox potential, which accompany ligand substitutions, were found to have only a small impact on CO binding kinetics. The effects on the rate constants of the basicity of the axial base and of solvent polarity were also investigated.