gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault-Tolerant Multi-Path Routing for Real-Time Streaming with Erasure Resilient Codes. (2006)

Thanks to large buffers, Forward Error Correction (FEC) improves the reliability of off-line streaming significantly. Real-time streaming however puts hard restrictions on the buffer size leaving FEC helpless for combating long link failures on a single path route. Compared with buffering, multi-path routing is another orthogonal method, which can make FEC efficient also for real-time streaming. We introduce a capillary routing algorithm offering multipath routing topologies of increasing path diversity. We also propose a scalar value called Redundancy Overall Requirement (ROR) for measuring the friendliness of a multi-path routing pattern toward FEC. A dozen of capillary routing suggestions, built on several hundreds of network samples obtained from a simulation of a wireless random walk Mobile AdHoc Network (MANET), are rated with ROR. We show that the sender’s channel coding effort decreases substantially as the spreading of the routing grows.
Ge 1 − y Sn y ∕ Si ( 100 ) composite substrates for growth of InxGa1−xAs and GaAs1−xSbx alloys (2007)

We describe unique methodologies for integration of InxGa1−xAs and GaAs1−xSbx semiconductor alloys with Si involving an innovative buffer layer approach based on lattice-engineered Ge1−ySny alloys. These are grown strain-free on Si(100) via formation of Lomer edge dislocations and exhibit a continuous selection of lattice parameters higher than that of Ge. This allows close lattice matching with the InxGa1−xAs and GaAs1−xSbx compounds, thereby providing a manifestly different approach to the integration of mismatched III-V semiconductors with silicon. A series of compositions across the entire alloy range were grown for both systems using metal organic chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures between 500–550°C. The materials displayed high quality morphological, structural, and optical properties as evidenced by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, ion channeling, cross sectional transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence characterizations. High resolution x-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the films grow with much less strain than those grown on conventional substrates.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Kidney Lesion Pathogenesis: A Developmental Perspective (2023)

The phenotypic diversity of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) kidney pathology is enigmatic. Despite a well-established monogenic etiology, an incomplete understanding of lesion pathogenesis persists. In this review, we explore the question: How do TSC kidney lesions arise? We appraise literature findings in the context of mutational timing and cell-of-origin. Through a developmental lens, we integrate the critical results from clinical studies, human specimens, and genetic animal models. We also review novel insights gleaned from emerging organoid and single-cell sequencing technologies. We present a new model of pathogenesis which posits a phenotypic continuum, whereby lesions arise by mutagenesis during development from variably timed second-hit events. This model can serve as a conceptual framework for testing hypotheses of TSC lesion pathogenesis, both in the kidney and in other affected tissues.
Dynamic Route Optimization For Waste Collection and Monitering smart bins Using Ant colony Algorithm (2020)

The paper delves into the use of smart bins to solve the problem of on time delivery and continuous monitoring of bins to ensure that they are only collected when they are filled. The purpose of this study revolves around establishing a suitable dynamic route optimization algorithm for vehicles carrying waste material. The algorithm is intended to solve the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) for a typical urban environment. The research study's setting is Alawali District in Mecca with 52 waste collection points (nodes) counting both depot and final delivery point (dump). Data collected included the coordinates of the nodes to determine the accurate distance between one point to another. This was analyzed to determine the shortest and efficient vehicle routes that minimize waste management costs. The study leverages the use ant colony algorithm to determine the shortest route between the filled bins and the continuous addition of the other bins as they are filled. The smart bin problem is a solution used in smart cities to further cut on the costs of waste collection by truck drivers.
A Review on Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) and Their Applications (2017)

Functionally gradient materials (FGM) are innovative materials in which final properties varies gradually with dimensions. It is the recent development in traditional composite materials which retains their strengths and eliminates their weaknesses. It can be formed by varying chemical composition, microstructure or design attributes from one end to other as per requirement. This feature allows FGM to have best material properties in required quantities only where it is needed. Though there are several methods available for manufacturing FGMs, additive based metal deposition (by laser, electron beam, plasma etc.) technologies are reaping particular interest owing to their recent developments. This paper presents evolution, current status and challenges of functionally gradient materials (FGMs). Various manufacturing processes of different types of FGMs are also presented. In addition, applications of FGMs in various fields including aerospace, defence, mining, power and tools manufacturing sectors are discussed in detail.
A theoretical study of epibatidine (1998)

A theoretical study of the conformational profile of epibatidine and its protonated form has been carried out using molecular mechanics (CVFF and CFF91), semiempirical (AM1) and ab initio (RHF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-31G*) methods. Six minima have been found for the neutral molecule and four for the protonated one with small rotational barriers between them. The stability of the minima has been explained using the AIM methodology. Finally, the NMR shieldings of the different conformers found have been calculated with the GIAO method and used to assign some of the ambiguous experimental signals.
The Impact of Autonomous Inflow Control Valve on Enhanced Bitumen Recovery in a SAGD Late Life Reservoir: Lab Experiment and Simulation (2023)

Abstract Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an effective thermal recovery method for enhanced bitumen recovery. However, the success of SAGD operation depends on several factors. Reduction in gas and steam production is a crucial factor to achieve a successful SAGD operation. Autonomous inflow control valve (AICV) restricts the inflow of steam and/or gas in the zones where breakthrough occurs and improves recovery from SAGD operations. This can be achieved by restricting the excessive steam and/or gas production in a well that is perfectly isolated by packers. This paper presents the performance analysis of AICVs, and passive inflow control devices (ICDs) based on the results from experiments and simulations. Experiments which illustrate the performance of an orifice type ICD and AICV is presented and compared. The results confirm the significantly better ability of the AICV to restrict the production of gas and/or steam. Simulations are performed with OLGA/ROCX which provides a dynamic wellbore- reservoir model. Simulation results show that utilizing AICV in the SAGD production wells will reduce the gas and steam production by 74% after 365 days of production. The results confirmed the significant benefit of AICV in steam and/or gas reduction and consequently increased oil production. Reduction in steam production will improve the overall SAGD operation performance. This will also result in more cost-effective oil production. In addition, the annular flow in a well completed by inflow controllers was studied by using OLGA and NETool. Almost all the reservoir simulators calculate the multiphase flow properties in annulus with no-slip. This study was an attempt to initiate discussions and provide an insight into a fundamental problem that almost all the reservoir simulators are dealing with.
Structure-Function Spatial Covariance in the Human Visual Cortex (2001)

The value of sulcal landmarks for predicting functional areas was quantitatively examined. Medial occipital sulci were identified using anatomical magnetic resonance images to create individual cortical-surface models. Functional visual areas were identified using retinotopically organized visual stimuli, and positron emission tomography subtraction imaging with intra-subject averaging. Functional areas were assigned labels by placement along the cortical surface from V1. Structure-function spatial covariances between sulci and functional areas, and spatial covariances among functional areas, were determined by projecting sulcal landmarks and functional areas into a standardized stereotaxic space and computing the 'r' statistics. A functional area was considered to spatially covary with a sulcus or another functional area if their geometric centers correlated significantly (P < 0.05) in two or more axes. Statistically significant spatial covariances were found for some, but not all comparisons. The finding of significant spatial covariances within a standardized stereotaxic space indicates that nine-parameter spatial normalization does not account for all the predictive value of structural or functional locations, and may be improved upon by using selected sulcal and functional landmarks. The present findings quantify for the first time the strength of structure--function spatial covariance and comment directly on developmental theories addressing the etiology of structure--function correspondence.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neutralizing antibodies derived from the B cells of 1918 influenza pandemic survivors. (2008)

Investigation of the human antibody response to influenza virus infection has been largely limited to serology, with relatively little analysis at the molecular level. The 1918 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic was the most severe of the modern era. Recent work has recovered the gene sequences of this unusual strain, so that the 1918 pandemic virus could be reconstituted to display its unique virulence phenotypes. However, little is known about adaptive immunity to this virus. We took advantage of the 1918 virus sequencing and the resultant production of recombinant 1918 haemagglutinin (HA) protein antigen to characterize at the clonal level neutralizing antibodies induced by natural exposure of survivors to the 1918 pandemic virus. Here we show that of the 32 individuals tested that were born in or before 1915, each showed seroreactivity with the 1918 virus, nearly 90 years after the pandemic. Seven of the eight donor samples tested had circulating B cells that secreted antibodies that bound the 1918 HA. We isolated B cells from subjects and generated five monoclonal antibodies that showed potent neutralizing activity against 1918 virus from three separate donors. These antibodies also cross-reacted with the genetically similar HA of a 1930 swine H1N1 influenza strain, but did not cross-react with HAs of more contemporary human influenza viruses. The antibody genes had an unusually high degree of somatic mutation. The antibodies bound to the 1918 HA protein with high affinity, had exceptional virus-neutralizing potency and protected mice from lethal infection. Isolation of viruses that escaped inhibition suggested that the antibodies recognize classical antigenic sites on the HA surface. Thus, these studies demonstrate that survivors of the 1918 influenza pandemic possess highly functional, virus-neutralizing antibodies to this uniquely virulent virus, and that humans can sustain circulating B memory cells to viruses for many decades after exposure-well into the tenth decade of life. PMID: 18716625 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 AI058113 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U54 AI057157 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U19 AI062623 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI048677 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AI057158 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA55896 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U54 AI057158 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 AI042266 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U19 AI62623 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI042266 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U54 AI57158 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI048677-04 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U19 AI057229 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AI42266 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U54 AI057157-019002 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Video-Based Camera Localization Using Anchor View Detection and Recursive 3D Reconstruction (2021)

In this paper we introduce a new camera localization strategy designed for image sequences captured in challenging industrial situations such as industrial parts inspection. To deal with peculiar appearances that hurt standard 3D reconstruction pipeline, we exploit pre-knowledge of the scene by selecting key frames in the sequence (called as anchors) which are roughly connected to a certain location. Our method then seek the location of each frame in time-order, while recursively updating an augmented 3D model which can provide current camera location and surrounding 3D structure. In an experiment on a practical industrial situation, our method can localize over 99% frames in the input sequence, whereas standard localization methods fail to reconstruct a complete camera trajectory.
Dicompartmental Ligands with Hexa- and Tetradentate Coordination Sites:  One-Step Synthesis of Ligands and Metal Complexes and Their X-ray Structure Analysis (1998)

Examples of interesting ligands previously requiring lengthy synthetic procedures have been prepared by one-step routes, opening the way to more extensive studies of their complexes and to possible applications. New dicompartmental ligands bearing picolyl pendant arms on the amine nitrogen donors have been synthesized, via the Mannich condensation, from 5-substituted salicylaldehydes, formaldehyde, and N,N‘-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-diaminoethane. The protonated acyclic ligand salt, two mononuclear complexes of a macrocyclic ligand with a second compartment featuring a Schiff base, and one of the decomposition products resulting from a retro-Mannich reaction have been structurally characterized. The ligand salt (L1b) has an extended conformation with the ethylenediamine fragment displaying the trans configuration, very different from that of the corresponding closed-site macrocyclic complexes NiH2(L2b)2+ and ZnH2(L2b)2+. The mononuclear macrocyclic complex NiH2(L2b)2+ has a much smaller ligand twist than the corresponcing Zn(II) complex. The degree of ligand distortion is correlated with the M−N bond length between the metal ions and the pyridine nitrogens; longer M−N bonds cause the pyridine rings to tilt and twist the phenolic rings out of the main ligand plane. The ability of the macrocyclic ligand L2b to accommodate a second metal ion has been demonstrated by successful synthesis of dinuclear complexes. The free carbonyl groups of the open-site ligand were transformed into oxime groups, and the corresponding dinuclear bis(nickel) complex has been prepared. Acetal formation by the free carbonyl groups of ligand and retro-Mannich rearrangements are found to be possible pathways for the decomposition of this family of dicompartmental ligands.
Hemoglobin S-nitrosylation plays an essential role in cardioprotection (2016)

Homeostatic control of tissue oxygenation is achieved largely through changes in blood flow that are regulated by the classic physiological response of hypoxic vasodilation. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the control of blood flow is a central tenet of cardiovascular biology. However, extensive evidence now indicates that hypoxic vasodilation entails S-nitrosothiol-based (SNO-based) vasoactivity (rather than NO per se) and that this activity is conveyed substantially by the βCys93 residue in hemoglobin. Thus, tissue oxygenation in the respiratory cycle is dependent on S-nitrosohemoglobin. This perspective predicts that red blood cells (RBCs) may play an important but previously undescribed role in cardioprotection. Here, we have found that cardiac injury and mortality in models of myocardial infarction and heart failure were greatly enhanced in mice lacking βCys93 S-nitrosylation. In addition, βCys93 mutant mice exhibited adaptive collateralization of cardiac vasculature that mitigated ischemic injury and predicted outcomes after myocardial infarction. Enhanced myopathic injury and mortality across different etiologies in the absence of βCys93 confirm the central cardiovascular role of RBC-derived SNO-based vasoactivity and point to a potential locus of therapeutic intervention. Our findings also suggest the possibility that RBCs may play a previously unappreciated role in heart disease.
The Potential of Multijunction Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

Metal halide perovskite semiconductors offer rapid, low-cost deposition of solar cell active layers with a wide range of band gaps, making them ideal candidates for multijunction solar cells. Here, we combine optical and electrical models using experimental inputs to evaluate the feasible performances of all-perovskite double-junction (2PJ), triple-junction (3PJ), and perovskite–perovskite–silicon triple-junction (2PSJ) solar cells. Using parameters and design constraints from the current state-of-the-art generation of perovskite solar cells, we find that 2PJs can feasibly approach 32% power conversion efficiency, 3PJs can reach 33%, and 2PSJs can surpass 35%. We also outline pathways to improve light harvesting and demonstrate that it is possible to raise the performances to 34%, 37%, and 39% for the three architectures. Additionally, we discuss important future directions of research. Finally, we perform energy yield modeling to demonstrate that the multijunction solar cells should not suffer from reduced operational performances due to discrepancies between the AM1.5G and real-world spectrum over the course of a year.
A novel route for preparation of Ti-containing mesoporous silica with high catalytic performance by using a molecular precursor tetrakis(tris-tert-butoxysiloxy)titanium (2012)

Mesoporous silica containing isolated Ti with variable Si/Ti ratios was prepared by pyrolysis of a mixture of tetrakis(tris-tert-butoxysiloxy)titanium (TS4) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) through a hard template method. TEOS plays two roles as a silica source and solvent. TS4 works as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of TEOS. Titanium species are found to be isolated in the silica frameworks, supported by DR-UV-vis, FT-IR, ESR, and XPS. The mesoporous structure was verified by XRD, N2 adsorption, and SEM. The results of the catalytic performance for the oxidation reaction of cyclohexene using tert-butoxy hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) as oxidant show that high conversion (29%) of cyclohexene and selectivity (98%) of cyclohexene oxide are realized for the Ti-containing mesoporous silica with Si/Ti ratios of 28 and 51.
Flame retardants for application in coatings, what is new and what are the issues to overcome? What are the innovative approaches? (2018)

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Monte Carlo simulation of a proton therapy beamline for intracranial treatments (2013)

A radiation transport code based on a Monte Carlo tool is used to simulate a proton therapy beamline designed to treat paediatric patients with intracranial tumours. The treatments are performed using the IBA gantry at the Proton Therapy Centre of the Institut Curie. The treatment is undertaken at 178.16 MeV using the double scattering technique. The aim of this study is to present the Monte Carlo model of the transported proton beam, beamline and treatment room, as well as the experimental validation of the proton dose distributions calculated by this model. The beamline components and the treatment room are accurately modelled using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX. The proton source at the beamline entrance is defined on the basis of IBA data, measurements and calculations. Measured and calculated relative proton dose distributions in a water phantom are compared for the validation. Depth dose profiles, including pristine Bragg peaks and a spread–out Bragg peak, and lateral dose profiles are studied. A general good agreement was found between calculated and measured distributions with discrepancies of less than 2 mm. Relative proton dose distributions are therefore considered to be correctly described by our simulated geometry and proton source parameters. The Monte Carlo simulation will be used subsequently for radiation protection purposes: calculation of secondary neutron doses received by treated patients of different ages.
An Accurate Localization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks Using MUSIC Algorithm (2012)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in civilian as well as military applications to support a wide range of services. Combining sensor data with location information increases the range of applications, and the accuracy of data interpretation. There are several localization techniques that are presented in the literature. These techniques are classified into centralized and distributed depending on where the computational effort is carried out. In this paper, MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) is used to localize the position of sensor nodes based on the intersection of different beams. Computer simulations show that the algorithm provides high localization accuracy at reasonable noise levels.
Convolution based compact thermal model for 3D-ICs: Methodology and accuracy analysis (2013)

Thermal analysis is essential in 3D-IC technology due to the reduced footprint and higher power densities compared to conventional 2D packaging [1]. Compact thermal models (CTM) are being developed for fast evaluation of the thermal distribution in the 3D packages. The CTM discussed in this paper is based on the Green's function theory and exploits convolution and fast Fourier transform to compute the temperature profiles starting from matrices storing the power dissipation densities (power maps) and the temperature responses to hot spots. Detailed accuracy assessments are presented for the grid size and for the number of images to be considered for an accurate modelling of the lateral insulating boundary conditions. A two dies stack case study is also analysed showing good agreement with the finite element model results (error less than 0.5%). Finally, the algorithm computational time is discussed indicating a O(N logN) behaviour where N is the number of elements in the matrices.
Matlab to C Compilation Targeting Application Specific Instruction Set Processors (2016)

This paper discusses a MATLAB to C compiler exploiting custom instructions such as instructions for SIMD processing and instructions for complex arithmetic present in Application Specific Instruction Set Processors (ASIPs). The compiler generates ANSI C code in which the processor's special instructions are represented via specialized intrinsic functions. By doing this the generated code can be used as input to any C/C++ compiler. Thus the proposed compiler allows the description of the specialized instruction set of the target processor in a parameterized way allowing the support of any processor. The proposed compiler has been used for the generation of application code for an ASIP targeting DSP applications. The code generated by the proposed compiler achieves a speed up between 2x-30x on the targeted ASIP for six DSP benchmarks compared to the code generated by Mathworks MATLAB to C compiler. Thus the proposed compiler can be employed to reduce the development time/effort/cost and time to market by raising the abstraction of application design in an embedded systems / system-on-chip development context while still improving implementation efficiency.