gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conjugation of PspA4Pro with Capsular Streptococcus pneumoniae Polysaccharide Serotype 14 Does Not Reduce the Induction of Cross-Reactive Antibodies (2017)

Current pneumococcal vaccines are composed of bacterial polysaccharides as antigens, plain or conjugated to carrier proteins. While efficacious against vaccine serotypes, epidemiologic data show an increasing incidence of infections caused by nonvaccine serotypes of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> The use of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) as a carrier protein in a conjugate vaccine could help prevent serotype replacement by increasing vaccine coverage and reducing selective pressure of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotypes. PspA is present in all pneumococcal strains, is highly immunogenic, and is known to induce protective antibodies. Based on its sequence, PspA has been classified into three families and six clades. A PspA fragment derived from family 2, clade 4 (PspA4Pro), was shown to generate antibodies with a broad range of cross-reactivity, across clades and families. Here, PspA4Pro was modified and conjugated to capsular polysaccharide serotype 14 (PS14). We investigated the impact of conjugation on the immune response induced to PspA4Pro and PS14. Mice immunized with the PS14-mPspA4Pro conjugate produced higher titers of anti-PS14 antibodies than the animals that received coadministered antigens. The conjugate induced antibodies with opsonophagocytic activity against PS14-carrying strains, as well as against a panel of strains bearing PspAs from five clades (encompassing families 1 and 2) bearing a non-PS14 serotype. Furthermore, mice immunized with PS14-mPspA4Pro were protected against nasal colonization with a nonrelated <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strain bearing PspA from clade 1, serotype 6B. These results demonstrate that the cross-reactivity mediated by PspA4Pro is retained following conjugation, supporting the use of PspA4 as a carrier protein in order to enhance pneumococcal vaccine coverage and encourage its further investigation as a candidate in future vaccine designs.
Conjugated Linoleic Acids Mediate Insulin Release through Islet G Protein-coupled Receptor (2011)

Among dietary components, conjugated linoleic acids(CLAs) have attracted considerable attention as weight losssupplements in the Western world because they reduce fatstores and increase muscle mass. However, a number ofadverseeffectsarealsoascribedtotheintakeofCLAssuchasaggravation of insulin resistance and the risk of developingdiabetes. However, the mechanisms accounting for theeffects of CLAs on glucose homeostasis are incompletelyunderstood. Herein we provide evidence that CLAs specifi-cally activate the cell surface receptor FFA1, an emergingtherapeutic target to treat type 2 diabetes. Using differentrecombinant cellular systems engineered to stably expressFFA1 and a set of diverse functional assays including thenovel, label-free non-invasive dynamic mass redistributiontechnology (Corning Epic biosensor), both CLA isomerscis-9, trans-11-CLA and trans-10, cis-12-CLA were found toactivate FFA1
Synthesis and Properties of Indan-Based Polyacetylenes That Feature the Highest Gas Permeability among All the Existing Polymers (2008)

Acetylenic monomers containing indan and other groups (1a−m) were polymerized with TaCl5-n-Bu4Sn catalyst to give high molecular weight polymers. Most polymers were soluble in common organic solvents including toluene and chloroform, and they afforded free-standing membranes by the solution casting method. The onset temperature of weight loss of the polymers were over 400 °C, indicating high thermal stability. Despite the absence of bulky spherical groups, polymethylated indan-containing polymer membranes showed extremely high gas permeability. In particular, the oxygen permeability coefficients of polymers having 1,1,3,3-tetramethylindan and either p-fluorophenyl or p,m-difluorophenyl groups (2b and 2e) reached 17 900 and 18 700 barrers, respectively, which are even larger than that of the most permeable polymer known, poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne).
Quantum Confinement Effects in Capacitance Behavior of Multigate Silicon Nanowire MOSFETs (2010)

3-D nonequilibrium Green's function simulations reveal the presence of oscillations of gate capacitance in multigate silicon nanowire FETs as the gate voltage is increased. These oscillations are due to the filling of successive energy subbands by electrons. The effect is due to both the 1-D distribution of the density of states and a change of position of the charge centroid location with gate voltage in the confined structure. This paper also proposes a model for the gate capacitance that allows one to better understand the nature of the oscillations and shows that the oscillations are mostly due to the particular shape of the 1-D density of states. The change of position of the charge centroid location contributes to a few percents in the total variation of the gate capacitance. The gate-capacitance to oxide-capacitance ratio remains low even at high gate voltages and worsens when the gate oxide thickness is decreased.
82 EARLY PORCINE EMBRYO ENERGY PREFERENCE AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT (2015)

Early porcine embryo metabolism in vitro is not completely understood. It has been suggested that before embryo genome activation (4-cell stage), the preferred energy source of the embryo is pyruvate. In our porcine zygote culture medium (MU1), the energy sources are 0.2 mM pyruvate and 2.0 mM calcium lactate. Three experiments were performed with in vitro-matured and IVF embryos to examine the effect on blastocyst development after withholding pyruvate and/or lactate during the first 48 h of culture. In Experiment 1, embryos were cultured without lactate for 48 and then cultured to Day 6 in control medium containing lactate. Control embryos were cultured in medium with lactate starting after fertilization to Day 6. All data were analysed by using SAS 9.3 with a GENMOD procedure used for the blastocyst data and a GLM procedure used for the cell number data. On Day 6, the percentage of embryos that formed blastocysts was 30.2% for control and 26.5% for embryos cultured for 48 h without lactate (n = 490, 4 replications). The difference was not significant P &amp;gt; 0.05. In Experiment 2, embryos were cultured without pyruvate for 48 and then cultured to Day 6 in control medium containing pyruvate. Control embryos were cultured in medium with pyruvate starting after fertilization to Day 6. On Day 6, the percentage of embryos that formed blastocysts was 31.1% for control and 30.5% for embryos cultured for 48 h without pyruvate (n = 385, 3 replications). In Experiment 3, embryos were cultured in control medium for the first 48 h and then cultured to Day 6 in medium without pyruvate, thus forcing the embryos to use lactate instead of pyruvate. On Day 6, the percentage of embryos that formed blastocysts in the pyruvate free medium increased from 28.6%a ± 1.0 to 33.9%b ± 1.0; P = 0.05 (n = 490, 4 replications) compared with the control and total cell number increased from 30.7a ± 1.5 to 41.3b ± 1.8 cells, respectively; P = 0.05 (n = 65, 4 replications). The results from Experiments 2 and 3 were unanticipated as it was believed that the embryo would be more dependent on pyruvate for energy up to the blastocyst stage. We believed in Experiment 2 that from zygote to 4 cells the embryos were not as capable of using lactate and that removing the pyruvate would hinder further development. In Experiment 3, forcing the embryo to use lactate from Day 2 to Day 6 significantly improved blastocyst development and total cell number, suggesting that the embryo is not dependent on a specific energy source or that there are adequate pyruvate stores in the oocyte to 4-cell stage, to promote development to blastocyst. Funding was provided by Food for the 21st Century, the University of Missouri, and the National Institutes of Health (OD011140).
Generalized PT Symmetry in Non-Hermitian Wireless Power Transfer Systems (2022)

We show that, by using a saturable gain g_{sat}, generalized PT (GPT) symmetry can be achieved in the intrinsically unbalanced (non-PT-symmetric) high-order wireless power transfer systems. A topology decomposition approach is implemented to analyze the parity of the high-order wireless power transfer systems. In the coupling parametric space, a global GPT-symmetric eigenstate is observed along with the spontaneous phase transition of the local GPT-symmetric eigenstates on the exceptional contour. GPT symmetry guarantees a highly efficient and stable power transfer across the distinct coupling regions, which introduces a new paradigm for a broad range of application scenarios involving asymmetric coupling.
First insights into the genetic characteristics and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis population collected during the first national tuberculosis prevalence survey of Lao PDR (2010–2011) (2019)

The EAI family, the ancient and endemic family in Asia, is predominant in Lao PDR whereas the prevalence of Beijing, the most harmful M. tuberculosis family for humans, is still low, differently from neighboring countries. However, its association with drug resistance, its presence in young patients and its potential association with recent transmission suggest that the Beijing family could change TB epidemiological pattern in Lao PDR. Therefore, efficient TB control and surveillance systems must be maintained and reinforced to prevent the emergence of highly transmissible and drug-resistant strains in Lao PDR, as observed in neighboring countries.
Advanced Multi-Cup Fuel Injector Technology for Environmentally Responsible Aviation Gas Turbine Engines (2015)

Participating in NASA’s Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project, Parker Hannifin built and tested multipoint Lean Direct Injection (LDI) fuel injectors designed for NASA’s N+2 55:1 Overall Pressure-Ratio (OPR) gas turbine engine cycles. The injectors are based on Parker’s earlier three-zone injector (3ZI) which was conceived to enable practical implementation of multipoint LDI schemes in conventional aviation gas turbine engines. The new injectors offer significant aerodynamic design flexibility, excellent thermal performance, and scalability to various engine sizes. The injectors built for this project contain 15 injection points and incorporate staging to enable operation at low power conditions. Ignition and flame stability were demonstrated at ambient conditions with ignition air pressure drop as low as 0.3% and fuel-to-air ratio (FAR) as low as 0.011. Lean Blowout (LBO) occurred at FAR as low as 0.005 with air at 460 K and atmospheric pressure. A high pressure combustion testing campaign was conducted in the CE-5 test facility at NASA Glenn Research Center at pressures up to 250 psi and combustor exit temperatures up to 2,033 K (3,200 °F). The tests demonstrated estimated LTO cycle emissions that are about 30% of CAEP/6 for a reference 60,000 lbf thrust, 54.8-OPR engine. This paper presents some details of the injector design along with results from ignition, LBO and emissions testing.
ChemInform Abstract: Dithiocarbonate Group Transfer in Radical Chain Reactions. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The hit array: a synthesis tool for multiple access frequency hop signals (1993)

The hit array formalism was developed for the analysis of general frequency hop waveforms, in the context of coherent active radar and sonar echolocation systems, or multiple access spread spectrum communications. This formalism is shown to be useful for synthesis as well. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for a given hit array to be realizable, i.e., to correspond to a valid frequency hopping pattern. A general backtracking-type algorithm is presented to reconstruct the pattern(s) associated with this hit array. This makes it possible to synthesize a set of frequency hop waveforms directly from any given (realizable) hit array, and thus, because of the correspondence between hit array and ambiguity function, from any physically meaningful ambiguity function. In particular, for limited a priori range and Doppler shifts, this is the first efficient algorithm for direct synthesis from ideal ambiguity function specifications. Several reconstruction examples are shown for illustration purposes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics Techniques (2022)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin, the major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. It is able to activate the host defense system through interaction with Toll-like receptor 4, thus triggering pro-inflammatory mechanisms. A large amount of LPS induces inappropriate activation of the immune system, triggering an exaggerated inflammatory response and consequent extensive organ injury, providing the basis of sepsis damage. In this review, we will briefly describe endotoxin's molecular structure and its main pathogenetic action during sepsis. In addition, we will summarize the main different available methods for endotoxin detection with a special focus on the wider spectrum offered by omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and promising applications of these in the identification of specific biomarkers for sepsis.
Antihypertensive Treatment Fails to Control Blood Pressure During Exercise (2018)

An exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response to maximal exercise is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality. It is unclear whether treating BP to guideline recommended levels could normalize the rise in BP during exercise, which is mediated by the metaboreflex. We aimed to assess the BP response to incremental exercise testing and metaboreflex activation in treated-controlled hypertension (n=16), treated-uncontrolled hypertension (n=16), and untreated hypertension (n=11) and 16 control participants with normal BP (n=16). All groups were matched for age and body mass index. BP was measured during an incremental Vo<sub>2</sub> peak test on a cycle ergometer and during metaboreflex isolation using postexercise ischemia. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA with Tukey test for multiple comparisons. Aerobic fitness was similar among groups (<i>P</i>=0.97). The rise in absolute systolic BP from baseline at peak exercise was similar in controlled, uncontrolled, and untreated hypertension but greater compared with normotensive controls (Δ71±3, 81±7, 79±8.5 versus 47±5 mm Hg; <i>P</i>=0.0001). Metaboreflex sensitivity was also similar in controlled, uncontrolled, and untreated hypertension but augmented compared with normotensive controls (Δsystolic BP: 21±2, 28±2, 25±3 versus 12±2 mm Hg; <i>P</i><0.0001). An amplified pressor response to exercise occurred in patients taking antihypertensive medication, despite having controlled BP at rest and was potentially caused (in part) by enhanced metaboreflex sensitivity. Poor BP control during exercise, partially mediated by the metaboreflex, may contribute to the heightened risk of an adverse cardiovascular event even in treated-controlled patients.
Mesh Topology Preserving Boundary-Layer Adaptivity Method for Steady Viscous Flows (2017)

The efficiency and accuracy of viscous flow simulations depend crucially on the quality of the boundary-layer mesh. Too coarse meshes can result in inaccurate predictions and in some cases lead to numerical instabilities, whereas too fine meshes produce accurate predictions at the expense of long simulation times. Constructing an optimal (or near-optimal) boundary-layer mesh has been recognized as an important problem in computational fluid dynamics. For few simple flows, one may be able to construct such a mesh a priori before simulation. For most viscous flow simulations, however, it is difficult to generate such mesh in advance. In this paper, a boundary-layer adaptivity method is developed for the efficient computation of steady viscous flows. This method turns the problem of determining the location of the mesh nodes into a set of equations that are solved simultaneously with the flow equations. The mesh equations are designed so that the boundary-layer mesh adapts to the viscous layers as the flow solver marches toward the converged solution. Extensive numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the performance of the method.
Structure of 9-amino-[N-(2-dimethylamino)propyl]acridine-4-carboxamide bound to d(CGTACG)2: a comparison of structures of d(CGTACG)2complexed with intercalators in the presence of cobalt (2004)

The structure of the complex formed between 9-amino-[N-(2-dimethylamino)propyl]acridine-4-carboxamide and d(CGTACG)(2) has been refined to a resolution of 1.55 A. The complex crystallized in space group C222. An asymmetric unit comprises two strands of DNA, one disordered drug molecule, two cobalt(II) ions, two magnesium ions and 32 water molecules. The DNA helices stack in continuous columns, with their four central base pairs adopting a B-like motif. The terminal G.C base pairs engage in different interactions. At one end of the duplex there is a CpG dinucleotide overlap modified by ligand intercalation and terminal cytosine exchange between symmetry-related duplexes. An intercalation complex is formed involving four DNA duplexes, four disordered ligand molecules and two pairs of base tetrads. The other end of the DNA is frayed, with the terminal guanine lying in the minor groove of the next duplex in the column. The structure is stabilized by guanine N7-cobalt(II) coordination. The structure is compared with previously published isomorphous structures of d(CGTACG)(2) complexed with intercalators in the presence of cobalt and it is concluded that the formation of this crystal form is primarily determined by DNA-DNA interactions and packing forces, rather than by special interactions between the ligand and the DNA. Given the nature of the ligands found in these complexes, the relevance of the quadruplex structure to the biological activity of those agents, known to be topoisomerase poisons, is questioned.
EVExchange: A Relay Attack on Electric Vehicle Charging System (2022)

To support the increasing spread of Electric Vehicles (EVs), Charging Stations (CSs) are being installed worldwide. The new generation of CSs employs the Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) paradigm by implementing novel standards such as the ISO 15118. This standard enables high-level communication between the vehicle and the charging column, helps manage the charge smartly, and simplifies the payment phase. This novel charging paradigm, which connects the Smart Grid to external networks (e.g., EVs and CSs), has not been thoroughly examined yet. Therefore, it may lead to dangerous vulnerability surfaces and new research challenges. In this paper, we present EVExchange, the first attack to steal energy during a charging session in a V2G communication: i.e., charging the attacker's car while letting the victim pay for it. Furthermore, if reverse charging flow is enabled, the attacker can even sell the energy available on the victim's car! Thus, getting the economic profit of this selling, and leaving the victim with a completely discharged battery. We developed a virtual and a physical testbed in which we validate the attack and prove its effectiveness in stealing the energy. To prevent the attack, we propose a lightweight modification of the ISO 15118 protocol to include a distance bounding algorithm. Finally, we validated the countermeasure on our testbeds. Our results show that the proposed countermeasure can identify all the relay attack attempts while being transparent to the user.
Low rate sinusoidal coding of speech using an improved phase matching algorithm (2002)

A new phase model for low-bit rate sinusoidal coding of speech is presented. Short-time sinusoidal phases are approximated using a combination of linear prediction, spectral sampling, delay compensation, and phase correction techniques. The algorithm is different than phase compensation methods proposed for source-system LPC in that it has been tailored to sinusoidal representation of speech. Performance analysis on a large speech database indicates considerable improvement in temporal and spectral signal matching as well as improved subjective quality of the reconstructed speech. The extra parameters used for representation of the sine wave phases require a small number of bits. The method can be applied to enhance phase matching in low bit rate sinusoidal coders, where underlying sine wave amplitudes are extracted from an all-pole model.
ALX receptor ligands define a biochemical endotype for severe asthma (2017)

Severe Asthma Research Program-3 (SARP-3; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01606826)FUNDING Sources. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the NIH, and the German Society of Pediatric Pneumology.
Three‐Phase Microemulsion/Sol–Gel System for Aqueous Catalysis with Hydrophobic Chemicals (2004)

A facile three-phase transport process is described that allows to carry out catalytic reactions in water, whereby all components are hydrophobic. According to this process a hydrophobic substrate is microemulsified in water and subjected to an organometallic catalyst, which is entrapped within a partially hydrophobized sol-gel matrix. The surfactant molecules, which carry the hydrophobic substrate, adsorb/desorb reversibly on the surface of the sol-gel matrix breaking the micellar structure, spilling their substrate load into the porous medium that contains the catalyst. A catalytic reaction then takes place within the ceramic material to form the desired products that are extracted by the desorbing surfactant, carrying the emulsified product back into the solution. The method is general and versatile and has been demonstrated with the catalytic hydrogenations of alkenes, alkynes, aromatic C=C bonds, and nitro and cyano groups.
Partial wave analysis of the K0sK±π∓ system (1996)

We have measured the quantum numbers JPG of the KsK±π∓ system produced in the diffraction dissociation process pp→pf(K0sK±π∓)ps at 800 GeV/c. We observe two clear peaks at 1282±0.6 MeV/c2, Γ=25±0.5 MeV/c2 and 1432±0.6 MeV/c2, Γ=51±0.9 MeV/c2. A partial wave analysis shows that the resonances we observe have JPG=1++a0π for the first peak, and JPG=1++K*K for the second peak. Thus, they can be identified as the f1(1285) and f1(1420), respectively. No evidence for a signal at ≊1510 MeV/c2 is obtained.