gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reviews of books (1994)

Abstract Person, Place and Thing: Interpretative and Empirical Essays in Cultural Geography. Edited by Shue Tuck Wong, 425 pp, (Geoscience and Man 31), Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 1992, pbk, ISBN 0–938909–54–1, $24.95. Population Matters: The Local Dimension. By A. Champion, 189pp, Paul Chapman, London, 1993, pbk, ISBN 1–85396–2015, £14.95. The Whaling Years, Peterhead (1788–1893). By Gavin Sutherland, and illustrated by Diane Sutherland, xvi + 124 pp, Centre for Scottish Studies, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 1993, pbk, ISBN 0–906265–17–7, £6.95 The Nature of the Environment. By Andrew Goudie, 397pp, Blackwell, London, 3rd edition, 1993, pbk, ISBN 0–631–18632–8, £14.99. Tourism and Heritage Attractions. By Richard Prentice, 253pp, Routledge, London, 1993, hbk, ISBN 0–415–08525‐X, £35.00. Crime and the Urban Environment — The Scottish Experience. Edited by Huw Jones, viii + 155 pp, Avebury, Aldershot, 1993, hbk, ISBN 1–85628–468–9, £32.50.
Towards a one-step synthesis and encapsulation of acentric iron iodate (Fe(IO3)3) nanocrystals via inverse miniemulsion. (2013)

International audience
Designing Polymer Micelles of Controlled Size, Stability, and Functionality for siRNA Delivery (2017)

Small interfering Ribonucleic acid (siRNA) is at the forefront of a universal therapeutic approach based on gene silencing for diseases ranging from viral infections to cancers and genetic disorders. The main challenge to realizing this remarkable goal is our ability to deliver siRNA to the cytoplasm of the cell where it can perform the mRNA knockdown and downregulate gene expression. Naked siRNA degrades in the blood stream within minutes. Delivery of naked siRNA suffers from severe limitations of clearance through liver and renal systems, degradation by enzymes in the blood and the extracellular environment, low cellular uptake and poor endosomal escape, thus leading to inefficient siRNA delivery and gene silencing. To overcome these challenges and effectively deliver siRNA, carrier vehicles are necessary. Polymer micelles based on block polyelectrolytes are proving to be effective systems due to the range of complex materials available, their ease in complexation with siRNA and forming particles of desirable size, and their ability to incorporate other therapeutics for synergistic siRNA and drug deliveries. Not only are the block polyelectrolytes used alone for delivering siRNA, but they have been used in conjunction with peptides, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and lipids to promote the effectiveness of the siRNA delivery. This paper focuses on factors relevant to designing polymer micelle systems of controlled size and stability. Polyelectrolyte complexation with siRNA which is the basic building block for the micelle, factors influencing the micelle size, variations in block copolymers selected as the building block, and the use of polymer conjugates with peptides, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and lipids to increase siRNA stability and its cellular uptake are discussed.
Hernandezine, a novel AMPK activator induces autophagic cell death in drug-resistant cancers (2016)

Drug resistance hinder most cancer chemotherapies and leads to disease recurrence and poor survival of patients. Resistance of cancer cells towards apoptosis is the major cause of these symptomatic behaviours. Here, we showed that isoquinoline alkaloids, including liensinine, isoliensinine, dauricine, cepharanthine and hernandezine, putatively induce cytotoxicity against a repertoire of cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, MCF-7, PC3, HepG2, Hep3B and H1299). Proven by the use of apoptosis-resistant cellular models and autophagic assays, such isoquinoline alkaloid-induced cytotoxic effect involves energy- and autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7)-dependent autophagy that resulted from direct activation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Hernandezine possess the highest efficacy in provoking such cell death when compared with other examined compounds. We confirmed that isoquinoline alkaloid is structurally varied from the existing direct AMPK activators. In conclusion, isoquinoline alkaloid is a new class of compound that induce autophagic cell death in drug-resistant fibroblasts or cancers by exhibiting its direct activation on AMPK.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Myostatin Protects Against Atrophy and Weakness after ACL Tear (2016)

Objectives: Many patients who suffer ACL tears have persistent atrophy and weakness even after rehabilitation. Myostatin is a cytokine that directly induces muscle atrophy, and previous studies using rodent models and patients have demonstrated an up regulation of myostatin after ACL tear. Using a preclinical rat model, our objective was to determine if the use of a bioneutralizing antibody against myostatin could prevent muscle atrophy and weakness after ACL tear. Methods: This study was approved by our IACUC. The left ACL and was transected in 3mo-old male F344 rats. At the time of surgery rats received a single IP injection of either a bioneutralizing antibody against myostatin (10B3, GlaxoSmithKline) or a sham IgG (E1-82.15, GlaxoSmithKline) at a dose of 10mg/kg. Rats (N=8 per group) were sacrificed and tissue was harvested 7 days or 21 days after tear. Contractile force measurements of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were performed. The size of muscle fibers in histological sections from the EDL and distal vastus lateralis were also measured. RNA was isolated from the distal rectus femoris and gene expression analysis was performed with RT-qPCR. The expression of each gene was normalized to b actin, and further normalized to the expression of muscles from control, uninjured rats. A two-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05) followed by Holm Sidak post hoc sorting was used to evaluate the effect of time and treatment on measured parameters. Results: Inhibition of myostatin resulted in an increase in muscle fiber size at the 21D time point compared to all other groups (Table 1). While both the sham antibody and myostatin antibody groups increased maximum isometric force production from 7D to 21D, the myostatin antibody group at 21D had a further increase in force compared to the 21D sham group. The muscle E3 ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF-1) are the major rate limiting enzymes in muscle protein degradation, and inhibition of myostatin resulted in decreases in the expression of these genes at 7D (Figure 1A). Additionally, IGF-1Ea and IGF-1Eb which are important growth factors that induce muscle protein synthesis, were elevated in the myostatin antibody groups at the 21D time point. For genes related to fibrosis (Figure 1B), although there was no significant difference in MMP-2, there was a significant decrease of MMP-8 expression in the 21D MSTN group when compared to the 21D sham. There were also increases in the expression of TIMP-1 and 2 in the 21D MSTN group. Conclusion: In a preclinical rat model, the targeted inhibition of myostatin protected leg muscles from muscle atrophy and improved force production after ACL tear. While the mechanism of action is not entirely clear, it is possible that the inhibition of myostatin preserves strength by limiting the expression of proteolytic enzymes in the post-acute atrophy phase and increasing protein synthesis in later phases.
A Multilevel Antimicrobial Coating Based on Polymer-Encapsulated ClO2 (2009)

A multilevel antimicrobial coating with "release-killing", "contact-killing" and "anti-adhesion" properties was prepared from polymer-encapsulated chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)), water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion. A slow sustained release of gaseous ClO(2) at a rate sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth (approximately 1300 microg of ClO(2).g(-1).day(-1)) was demonstrated for a prolonged period of time (i.e., 28 days). Touch and infectious droplets triggered an increased release of the biocides at the sites of contamination, resulting in rapid disinfection. Zinc chloride (i.e., 30 ppm) was added to provide "contact-killing" properties, while bacterial adhesion was prevented by the Pluronic polymer used to encapsulate ClO(2). The new antimicrobial coating is effective against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli. A greater than 5 log (i.e., >or= 99.999%) reduction of viable bacteria was obtained at a short contact time of 10 min.
Conforming to ICMJE principles (2005)

There is increasing concern about interactions between academic investigators and the pharmaceutical industry, particularly relating to financial and other conflicts of interest, access by investigators to all research data and the ability of investigators to take full responsibility for the results
Early Visual Learning (1996)

size the development and learning of perceptual, motor, and language competence. In particular, many would agree that a system should be declared intelligent only if it is capable of first acquiring and then exhibiting motor, perceptual, and language skills. This revised Turing test expresses, in an explicit manner, the central role of learning in the art and science of replicating intelligence. That the brain is not hard-wired but rather can be modified by experience 2 NAYAR AND POGGIO is one of the most remarkable features of the nervous system [7]. At the systems level, the view of how neurons of the cerebral cortex mediate perception and action is presently undergoing a radical paradigm shift. Rather than being fixed in configuration, the functional anatomy of the cortex appears to display activity-dependent plasticity on a time-scale sufficiently short to play a role in most perceptual and motor tasks. Even simple brain functions, such as the definition o
Antiparasitic activity of aromatic diamidines is related to apoptosis-like death in Trypanosoma cruzi (2006)

Two aromatic diamidines, furamidine (DB75) and its phenyl-substituted analogue (DB569), which exhibit trypanocidal activity, were assayed against Trypanosoma cruzi and were found to induce apoptosis-like death characteristics such as nuclear DNA condensation and fragmentation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and phosphatidylserine exposure. DB569 displays superior trypanocidal activity compared to furamidine and also had higher ability to induce apoptosis-like death in treated parasites. The present results showing apoptosis-like death in T. cruzi after treatment with both DB75 and DB569 make important contributions to the understanding of the mechanisms of the aromatic diamidines, which represent promising trypanocidal compounds.
A Novel Decoding Algorithm of Superposition Modulation for Cooperative IoT System (2020)

In this paper, we propose a novel decoding strategy for superposition modulation (SM) for cooperative IoT system. Unlike the conventional method where the SIC (successive interference cancellation) decoding is applied, whose performance degrades when the decoder fails to detect the main signal, we propose a novel decoding algorithm which derive the LLR (log likelihood ratio) directly from the received signal. The new decoding scheme performs well even when the main signal detection fails and outperforms conventional SIC based decoding method by more than 2 dB in the fading environment.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Presentation, Differential Diagnosis and Epidemiology (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding Peptic ulcer and gastro-duodenal erosions Gastroesophageal varices Mallory-Weiss syndrome Angiodysplasia Gastric antral vascular ectasia Dieulafoy's lesion Lower gastrointestinal bleeding References
The first IA-64 microprocessor: a design for highly-parallel execution (2002)

The first implementation of the IA-64 architecture achieves high performance by implementing a highly parallel execution core, while maintaining binary compatibility with the IA-32 instruction set. The processor contains 25.4 M transistors. The chip is fabricated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process with 6 metal layers and packaged in a 1012-pad organic land grid array using C4 (flip-chip) assembly technology.
Phase Change Material Based Reconfigurable Transmitarray: a Feasibility Study (2022)

In this paper, we present the design of a reconfigurable transmitarray operating in the D-band (110 – 170 GHz). The transmitarray unit cell has a relatively simple structure with three metal layers and two quartz dielectric substrates. The active transmitting patch of the unit cell ensures a 1-bit phase shift resolution by alternating the states of two innovative switches. Here, we overcome the small dimensions challenge in the D-band by introducing compact switches that are compatible with the dimensions of the proposed unit cell. The switches are made of phase change materials (PCM) that alternate between the amorphous and the crystalline states under the effect of heat. We present a full-wave simulation of the unit cell, which shows an insertion loss that is below 1.5 dB over a relative frequency band of 27%. Furthermore, we synthesize a 16×16 elements transmitarray using an in-house MATLAB tool and compare its theoretical results to a full-wave HFSS simulation. The outcome shows that by integrating the proposed switches into the unit cell, the designed transmitarray can achieve promising reconfiguration results in the D-band.
Can biparietal diameter-to-femur length ratio be a useful sonographic marker for screening thanatophoric dysplasia since the first trimester? A literature review of case reports and a retrospective study based on 10,293 routine fetal biometry measurements (2017)

The BPD/FL ratio may be used to detect lethal skeletal dysplasias such as thanatophoric dysplasia since the first trimester.
Perlecan domain V is upregulated in human brain arteriovenous malformation and could mediate the vascular endothelial growth factor effect in lesional tissue (2012)

Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), a rare but important cause of intracranial hemorrhage, has increased angiogenesis and inflammation as key components of the nidus of abnormal vessels and stroma that form the resected surgical specimen. Accordingly, both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-[beta] have been implicated in the pathology of BAVM for their proangiogenic and vascular-regulating roles. The C-terminal fragment of the extracellular matrix component perlecan (domain V, DV) has been shown to be increased and through the [alpha]5[beta]1 integrin, to increase VEGF levels in and around areas of cerebral ischemic injury, another proangiogenic condition. We aimed to determine whether the concentrations of DV, DV's proangiogenic receptor [alpha]5[beta]1 integrin, or DV's antiangiogenic receptor [alpha]2[beta]1 integrin are elevated in human BAVM tissue. DV levels were increased in BAVM compared with control brain tissue from epileptic resection, as was [alpha]5[beta]1 integrin. In addition, [alpha]5[beta]1 integrin was preferentially increased and localized to endothelial cells compared with [alpha]2[beta]1 integrin. VEGF and transforming growth factor-[beta] levels were also increased in BAVM compared with control tissue. Furthermore, increases in all components were strongly correlated. Excessive generation of proangiogenic DV in BAVM suggests that DV may participate in its pathology and may represent a future therapeutic target.
S100A12 as a marker of worse cardiac output and mortality in pulmonary hypertension (2018)

S100A12 levels are increased in PH patients and are associated with increased mortality.
Use of a miniature infrared COTS sensor in a several military applications (2002)

The proliferation of small infrared cameras in high-volume commercial applications (e.g. firefighting, law-enforcement, and automotive) presents a tremendous opportunity for truly low-cost military micro-sensors. Indigo Systems Corporation's UL3 OmegaTM camera is a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) thermal imager that offers ultra-small size, light weight, and low power. It employs a 164&times;120 microbolometer focal plane array (FPA) and is currently entering full-scale production. Furthermore, a 324&times;240 upgrade is in development. While aimed primarily at the commercial market, small size and low-power consumption make UL3 well-suited for other applications, including miniature unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) weapon-sights, and unattended ground sensors (UGS). This paper focuses on the key features of the UL3 family of miniature IR cameras and their utility in soldier systems.
Metamodeling of Wi-Fi Performance (2006)

The increasing popularity of Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks at home, in public areas and in the enterprise motivates extensive modeling and analysis of their performance measures, such as network capacity, resource requirements and quality of service (QoS) capabilities. Some of the easier performance problems can be solved by analytical modeling methods, but most of the complicated ones, involving too many factors from multiple layers, can only be answered through validated simulation models. However, an explicit mathematic model is always the most effective way to represent the system behavior and the most convenient basis for performance optimization. Here, we first advocate the application of metamodeling techniques to performance studies of Wi-Fi networks, in order to find usable, if approximate, closed-form mathematical models. Subsequently, we formulate a general metamodeling framework for Wi-Fi networks. Our results in two relevant case studies, after applying this framework, support the validity of our metamodeling methodology: our capacity metamodel for 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) is validated by a well-known analytical model and displays an interesting log-linear relationship between capacity and number of users; our voice over Wi-Fi admission capacity metamodel gives a much tighter bound than bounds existing in the literature and composes a more practical admission control scheme. Our work, therefore, points out a new direction for future performance studies of Wi-Fi networks.
Molecular and cellular characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus (2018)

Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), yet nicotine and other nAChR agonists decrease food intake in mice. Viral-mediated knockdown of the β4 nAChR subunit in all neuronal cell types in the ARC prevents the nicotinic agonist cytisine from decreasing food intake, but it is not known whether the β4 subunit is selectively expressed in anorexigenic neurons or how other nAChR subtypes are distributed in this nucleus. Using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) on ARC tissue from mice with ribosomes tagged in either AgRP or POMC cells, we examined nAChR subunit mRNA levels using real-time PCR. Both AgRP and POMC cells express a comparable panel of nAChR subunits with differences in α7 mRNA levels and a trend for difference in α4 levels, but no differences in β4 expression. Immunoprecipitation of assembled nAChRs revealed that the β4 subunit forms assembled channels with α3, β2 and α4, but not other subunits found in the ARC. Finally, using cell type-selective, virally delivered small hairpin RNAs targeting either the β4 or α7 subunit, we examined the contribution of each subunit in either AgRP or POMC cells to the behavioural response to nicotine, refining the understanding of nicotinic regulation of this feeding circuit. These experiments identify a more complex set of nAChRs expressed in ARC than in other hypothalamic regions. Thus, the ARC appears to be a particular target of nicotinic modulation.
A New Screening Method for COVID-19 based on Ocular Feature Recognition by Machine Learning Tools (2020)

Abstract The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected several million people. With the outbreak of the epidemic, many researchers are devoting themselves to the COVID-19 screening system. The standard practices for rapid risk screening of COVID-19 are the CT imaging or RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). However, these methods demand professional efforts of the acquisition of CT images and saliva samples, a certain amount of waiting time, and most importantly prohibitive examination fee in some countries. Recently, some literatures have shown that the COVID-19 patients usually accompanied by ocular manifestations consistent with the conjunctivitis, including conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, epiphora, or increased secretions. After more than four months study, we found that the confirmed cases of COVID-19 present the consistent ocular pathological symbols; and we propose a new screening method of analyzing the eye-region images, captured by common CCD and CMOS cameras, could reliably make a rapid risk screening of COVID-19 with very high accuracy. We believe a system implementing such an algorithm should assist the triage management or the clinical diagnosis. To further evaluate our algorithm and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai public health clinic center of Fudan University, we conduct a study of analyzing the eye-region images of 303 patients (104 COVID-19, 131 pulmonary, and 68 ocular patients), as well as 136 healthy people. Remarkably, our results of COVID-19 patients in testing set consistently present similar ocular pathological symbols; and very high testing results have been achieved in terms of sensitivity and specificity. We hope this study can be inspiring and helpful for encouraging more researches in this topic.
Method for displaying field e.g. tumor, of brain of human patient during surgery of brain, involves acquiring topography data representing topography of field, where output image is displayed based on topography data (2010)

NOVELTY - The method involves illuminating a field (11) of brain (13) of a patient for acquiring an image sequence of the field. The field is illuminated after stimulating the patient for acquiring another image sequence. The image sequences are evaluated by determining analysis image values based on amplitudes or frequencies of temporal changes of image values of pixels in both the image sequences. An output image is determined from the analysis image values, and topography data representing topography of the field is acquired, where the output image is displayed based on the topography data.
Wide Field of View Microwave Interferometric Radiometer Imaging (2019)

In microwave interferometric radiometers with a large field of view, as for example the Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) onboard the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite, one of the major causes of reconstruction error is the contribution to the visibility of the brightness temperature outside the fundamental period, defined on the basis of reciprocal grids. A mitigation method consisting of estimating this contribution through the application of a brightness temperature model outside the fundamental period is proposed. The main advantage is that it does not require any a posteriori addition of artificial scenes to the reconstructed image. Additionally, a method to avoid the sophisticated matrix regularization and inversion techniques usually applied in microwave interferometry is presented. Image reconstruction algorithms are implemented on a minimum grid size in order to maximize their numerical efficiency. An improved method to apply an apodization window to the reconstructed image for reducing Gibbs oscillations is also proposed. All procedures are generally described considering the single polarization case and successively implemented applying the MIRAS layout in both its single polarization and full polarimetric modes. Results show similar performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to the nominal one applied by SMOS. All algorithms are implemented in the MIRAS Testing Software and have been successfully used for scientific studies by other teams.