gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of lane departure warnings for drowsy drivers (2006)

Lane departure warning (LDW) is a driver warning system designed to reduce the number of unintended lane departures.We addressed warning effectiveness and customer acceptance when the unintended lane departures are the result of drowsy driving.Thirty-two adults who were sleep deprived for 23 hours participated in the study and drove Ford's VIRTTEX driving simulator.Four Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) for LDW were evaluated: Steering Wheel Torque, Rumble Strip Sound, Steering Wheel Vibration and Head Up Display.A yaw deviation technique was used to produce controlled lane departures in the first two hours of the drive while for the last 20 minutes driver-initiated lane departures were analyzed.The Steering Wheel Vibration HMI, accompanied by Steering Wheel Torque, was found to be the most effective HMI for LDW in a group of drowsy drivers, with faster reaction times and smaller lane excursions.The Vibration HMI was also perceived by the drowsy drivers to be acceptable and helpful.
A motion-based approach to abdominal clutter reduction (2009)

In ultrasound images, clutter is a noise artifact most easily observed in anechoic or hypoechoic regions. It appears as diffuse echoes overlying anatomical structures of diagnostic importance, obscuring tissue borders and reducing image contrast. A novel clutter reduction method for abdominal images is proposed, wherein the abdominal wall is displaced during successive-frame image acquisitions. A region of clutter distal to the abdominal wall was observed to move with the abdominal wall, and finite impulse response (FIR) and blind source separation (BSS) motion filters were implemented to reduce this clutter. The proposed clutter reduction method was tested in simulated and phantom data and applied to fundamental and harmonic in vivo bladder and liver images from 2 volunteers. Results show clutter reductions ranging from 0 to 18 dB in FIR-filtered images and 9 to 27 dB in BSS-filtered images. The contrast-to-noise ratio was improved by 21 to 68% and 44 to 108% in FIR- and BSS-filtered images, respectively. Improvements in contrast ranged from 4 to 12 dB. The method shows promise for reducing clutter in other abdominal images.
Supplementary Table 4 from PD-1 and Tim-3 Regulate the Expansion of Tumor Antigen–Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Induced by Melanoma Vaccines (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 64K, Toxicities and clinical responses.&lt;/p&gt;
FZD 5 is a Gα q -coupled receptor that exhibits the functional hallmarks of prototypical GPCRs (2018)

Frizzleds (FZDs) are a group of seven transmembrane-spanning (7TM) receptors that belong to class F of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. FZDs bind WNT proteins to stimulate diverse signaling cascades involved in embryonic development, stem cell regulation, and adult tissue homeostasis. Frizzled 5 (FZD<sub>5</sub>) is one of the most studied class F GPCRs that promote the functional inactivation of the β-catenin destruction complex in response to WNTs. However, whether FZDs function as prototypical GPCRs has been heavily debated and, in particular, FZD<sub>5</sub> has not been shown to activate heterotrimeric G proteins. Here, we show that FZD<sub>5</sub> exhibited a conformational change after the addition of WNT-5A, which is reminiscent of class A and class B GPCR activation. In addition, we performed several live-cell imaging and spectrometric-based approaches, such as dual-color fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (dcFRAP) and resonance energy transfer (RET)-based assays that demonstrated that FZD<sub>5</sub> activated Gα<sub>q</sub> and its downstream effectors upon stimulation with WNT-5A. Together, these findings suggest that FZD<sub>5</sub> is a 7TM receptor with a bona fide GPCR activation profile and suggest novel targets for drug discovery in WNT-FZD signaling.
[Simultaneous surgery for left lung cancer and the aneurysm of an aberrant left subclavian artery in a patient with right aortic arch]. (2011)

A 69-year-old man with right aortic arch was diagnosed as having left lung cancer (cT2aN1M0, cStage IIA) and an aneurysm of an aberrant left subclavian artery. The aneurysm measured 36 mm in diameter and was located 1 cm peripheral from the origin in the area known as "Kommerell's diverticulu Left carotid artery-to-left subclavian artery bypass graft was placed through a left supraclavicular incision prior to thoracotomy. This bypass graft effectively prevented neurological and ischemic complications of the brain and left upper extremity while we safely and successfully performed resection of the aneurysm along with radical surgery for left lung cancer through left thoracotomy. There have been only 10 case reports, including the present case, that have described surgical resection of lung cancer in a patient with right aortic arch. In addition, this is the 1st report to describe simultaneous surgery for both left lung cancer and an aneurysm of an aberrant left subclavian artery in a patient with right aortic arch.
Characterization of Self-Contamination from PVA Roll Brush with Atomic Force Microscopy and Fluorescent Microscopy (2018)

We have found three suspected self-contamination sources from PVA brushes using high resolution AFM imaging and fluorescence microscopy. The first source is thin layers on the surface of the fresh (not used) PVA brushes. The second source is a weariness of the brush surface during the cleaning process. The third source is the particles embedded in the bulk region (inside) of the brushes. We have not yet identified the right source of contamination. In addition, the stripe like nano-structure is firstly observed in the bulk region of PVA brush both with AFM lateral force and viscoelastic measuring mode. We need to perform further precise studies to comprehend contamination phenomena during cleaning.
Control and Optimization of High Harmonic Generation in 3D Dirac Semimetals (2020)

We show that 3D Dirac semimetals (DSMs) can function as efficient emitters of high- harmonic radiation and identify operation regimes for controlled and suppressed high-order light emission.
Subtype-selective conopeptides targeted to nicotinic receptors:Concerted discovery and biomedical applications (2008)

Conus peptides that are selectively targeted to different molecular isoforms of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been identified and characterized; several have recently been shown to have significant biomedical potential. An emerging strategy for the discovery from animal biodiversity of subtype-specific ligands for ion channel families is described in this review. Characterization of the gene family encoding a set of related ligands is required for discovery using a molecular genetics approach; when discovery is guided by a knowledge of the phylogeny of the biodiverse animal lineage being used as a source of ligands, a rational, efficient scan of the library of putative ligands becomes feasible. Together, these constitute an approach to uncover subtype-specific ligands, called "concerted discovery"; this was applied to the alpha-conotoxins, a family of Conus peptides generally targeted to nAChRs. Subtype-specific alpha-conotoxins were developed that target two groups of nAChRs, alpha(6)* and alpha(9)*. alpha-conotoxin MII has become the defining ligand for identifying the alpha(6)* nAChR subtype. A synthetic analog, MII [E11A], further subdivides alpha(6)* nAChRs into those that contain an alpha(4) subunit and those that do not. Importantly, these two subtypes are differentially affected by nigrostriatal damage, findings of likely relevance to the pathopysiology of Parkinson's disease. In contrast, alpha-conotoxins that target alpha(9) nAChR subtypes have potential as analgesics for the treatment of neuropathic pain that develops after nerve injury. The discovery of alpha-conotoxin RgIA enabled the identification of a novel role for alpha(9)* nAChRs. Use of alpha(9)* nAChR antagonists is associated with reversal of inflammation caused by the nerve injury. Thus, subtype-specific alpha-conotoxins targeted to particular nAChR isoforms are not only useful for understanding the physiological role of these receptors, but can have important diagnostic and therapeutic applications as well.
Vaccination against Endogenous Retrotransposable Element Consensus Sequences Does Not Protect Rhesus Macaques from SIVsmE660 Infection and Replication (2014)

The enormous sequence diversity of HIV remains a major roadblock to the development of a prophylactic vaccine and new approaches to induce protective immunity are needed. Endogenous retrotransposable elements (ERE) such as endogenous retrovirus K (ERV)-K and long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) are activated during HIV-1-infection and could represent stable, surrogate targets to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells. Here, we explored the hypothesis that vaccination against ERE would protect macaques from acquisition and replication of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Following vaccination with antigens derived from LINE-1 and ERV-K consensus sequences, animals mounted immune responses that failed to delay acquisition of SIVsmE660. We observed no differences in acute or set point viral loads between ERE-vaccinated and control animals suggesting that ERE-specific responses were not protective. Indeed, ERE-specific T cells failed to expand anamnestically in vivo following infection with SIVsmE660 and did not recognize SIV-infected targets in vitro, in agreement with no significant induction of targeted ERE mRNA by SIV in macaque CD4+ T cells. Instead, lower infection rates and viral loads correlated significantly to protective TRIM5α alleles. Cumulatively, these data demonstrate that vaccination against the selected ERE consensus sequences in macaques did not lead to immune-mediated recognition and killing of SIV-infected cells, as has been shown for HIV-infected human cells using patient-derived HERV-K-specific T cells. Thus, further research is required to identify the specific nonhuman primate EREs and retroviruses that recapitulate the activity of HIV-1 in human cells. These results also highlight the complexity in translating observations of the interplay between HIV-1 and human EREs to animal models.
Compute Express Link®: An open industry-standard interconnect enabling heterogeneous data-centric computing (2022)

Compute Express Link is an open industry standard interconnect offering caching and memory semantics on top of PCI Express®. In addition to providing high-bandwidth and low-latency connectivity between host processor and accelerators, smart network interface card, and memory expansion devices, it also enables resource pooling across multiple systems for scalable, power-efficient and cost-effective computing. This paper delves into the micro-architectural design to deliver power-efficient performance based on our experience designing a Xeon CPU and FPGA with this technology with demonstrated silicon interoperability.
Difficult exposures in total knee arthroplasty: the femoral peel (2008)

The exposure of the stiff ankylosed knee in primary and revision total knee replacement presents particular challenges to the bone dissection and ultimate success of the operation. A careful series of technical maneuvers are described to aid the surgeon's ability to properly expose the joint. Particular attention is given to the distal femur because this is the area where the collateral ligaments and posterior capsule are attached. It is also important because adherent scar tissue usually involves tethering of the soft tissue sleeve on the femur. This tissue affects motion to a greater extent than scarring around the proximal tibia. Exposure of the scarred ankylosed knee is the first step toward a successful operation.
Discrimination of Different Foodborne Pathogens onto Carbohydrate Microarrays Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (2015)

International audience
Factor Graphs and Algorithms (2008)

A factor graph is a bipartite graph that expresses how a global function of several variables factors into a product of local functions. Factor graphs subsume many other graphical models, including Bayesian networks, Markov random fields, and Tanner graphs. We describe a general algorithm for computing &amp;quot;marginals&amp;quot; of the global function by distributed message-passing in the corresponding factor graph. A wide variety of algorithms developed in the artificial intelligence, statistics, signal processing, and digital communications communities can be derived as specific instances of this general algorithm, including Pearl&amp;apos;s &amp;quot;belief propagation&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;belief revision&amp;quot; algorithms, the fast Fourier transform, the Viterbi algorithm, the forward/backward algorithm, and the iterative &amp;quot;turbo&amp;quot; decoding algorithm. 1 Introduction A factor graph is a bipartite graph that expresses how a global function of several variables factors into a product of local functions. Example 1. Suppose the real-valued...
Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser for THz generation (2014)

We demonstrate the stable operation of a dual-frequency for THz generation. An operation with a frequency difference between the two modes has been demonstrated up to 450 GHz.
Spinal neuromodulation mitigates myocardial ischemia-induced sympathoexcitation by suppressing the intermediolateral nucleus hyperactivity and spinal neural synchrony (2023)

These results suggest that SCS is decreasing the sympathoexcitation and arrhythmogenicity by suppressing the interactions between the spinal DH and IML neurons and activity of IML preganglionic sympathetic neurons.
Guard-cell phytochromes impact seedling photomorphogenesis and rosette leaf morphology (2022)

Using a previously established transgenic approach to inactivate phytochrome chromophore synthesis in specific organs or tissues, we used a guard cell-specific promoter to induce phytochrome deficiencies in guard cells of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. Analyses of multiple homozygous lines depleted of phytochromes in stomatal guard cells indicated elongated hypocotyls specifically in red and far-red growth conditions. Furthermore, rosette leaves of adult plants with guard cell-specific phytochrome deficiencies showed enhanced serration compared to the wild-type Col-0 parent. Thus, we demonstrate that guard cell-localized phytochromes impact the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, as well as leaf margin morphology of adult rosette leaves in <i>A. thaliana</i>.
Low Morbidity but Prolonged Viral Shedding Characterize Parainfluenza Virus 3 Infections in Allogeneic Peripheral Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. (2004)

Abstract Respiratory viruses including human parainfluenza virus 3 (hPIV3) may be significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It has been suggested that the acquisition of hPIV3 infections is independent of immunosuppression or transplant type and is driven primarily by patient exposure to the virus during periods of heightened community-wide or nosocomial activity. The incubation period for hPIV3 is 1–3 days and the duration of infectivity/ viral shedding in non-transplant patients is 1–2 weeks. Data regarding the duration of infectivity/ viral shedding and possible predictors of prolong infectivity in peripheral blood stem cell transplant patients (PBSCT) is limited. Of 56 recipients of sibling PBSCT seen at our insitution, 11 (6 inpatients and 5 outpatients) were positive for hPIV3 during a six weeks period, compared with only two positive cases recorded throughout the previous year. At the time of infection patients were between 1 and 7 weeks post transplant. The in-patient attack rate was 11%. Patients in whom respiratory virus infection was suspected were placed on respiratory isolation and followed with weekly nasopharygeal swab/wash (NPW). Care was also taken to limit patient contact of relatives or staff with respiratory symptoms. Most patients developed a flu like illness without major respiratory complications. No mortality was recorded. No case of hPIV 3 was recorded among patients with aplastic anemia receiving ATG in the unit during the same time-period. The median time to conversion from positive to negative hPIV 3 NPW was 2.0 weeks (range 1–6 weeks). The longest duration of viral shedding (six weeks) was in the only haplo-identical SCT patient, who was also the index case. No differences in duration of viral shedding was noted for conditioning regimen type (ablative vs non-ablative), days after transplant of viral acquisition (&lt;15 or &gt;15 days), cyclosporin levels (100–200 ng/l vs 201–400 ng/l), absolute neutrophil counts, absolute lymphocyte counts, CMV reactivation and co-existing peri-hPIV3 infections evidenced by positive blood, urine or sputum cultures. immunosuppression during the outbreak. Our study demonstrates that while hPIV infection in allogenic PBSCT patients has limited morbidity, prolonged duration of viral shedding in this group may contribute to recurrent cycles of epidemics or prolong outbreaks and establish an environmental (community/ nosocomial) contamination or “ping-pong” transmission from patients to asymptomatic health-care workers or family members and back. Our study also emphasize the importance of a universal policy for strict attention to infection-control practices and weekly surveillance NPW until patients are a symptomatic and NPW negative.
Effect of Coatings and Prolonged Storage Conditions on Fresh Orange Flavor Volatiles, Degrees Brix, and Ascorbic Acid Levels (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Coatings and Prolonged Storage Conditions on Fresh Orange Flavor Volatiles, Degrees Brix, and Ascorbic Acid LevelsElizabeth A. Baldwin, Myrna Nisperos-Carriedo, Philip E. Shaw, and Jacqueline K. BurnsCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 5, 1321–1331Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00053a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00053a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views798Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thallium magnetic resonance in superconductingTl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (1989)

Significant frequency shifts of the thallium nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) spectrum have been observed in the super- conducting state of the high-temperature superconductor ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{10+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$. Measurements at two different magnetic fields indicate that the origin of these shifts is mainly due to the field distribution associated with vortices in the mixed state. The spin-lattice relaxation measurements are consistent with an anisotropic energy gap. The NMR linewidth varies significantly with temperature and magnetic field, apparently inconsistent with the BCS theory.
Perceptual evaluations of synthesized musical instrument tones (1977)

An analysis-based synthesis technique for the computer generation of musical instrument tones was perpetually evaluated in terms of the discriminability of 16 original and resynthesized tones taken from a wide class of orchestral instruments having quasiharmonic series. The analysis technique used was the heterodyne filter—which produced a set of intermediate data for additive synthesis, consisting of time-varying amplitude and frequency functions for the set of partials of each tone. Three successive levels of data reduction were applied to this intermediate data, producing types of simplified signals that were also compared with the original and resynthesized tones. The results of this study, in which all combinations of signals were compared, demonstrated the perceptual closeness of the original and directly resynthesized tones. An orderly relationship was found between the form of data reduction incurred by the signals and their relative discriminability, measured by a modified AAAB discrimination procedure. Direct judgments of the relative sizes of the differences between the tones agreed with these results; multidimensional scaling of the latter data provided a visual display of the relationships among the different forms of tones and pointed out the importance of certain small details existing in the attack segments of tones. Of the three forms of simplification attempted with the tones, the most successful was a line-segment approximation to time-varying amplitude and frequency functions for the partials. The pronounced success of this modification strongly suggests that many of the microfluctuations usually found in the analyzed physical attributes of music instrument tones have little perceptual significance.
Magnetic Reconnection in a Non-Maxwellian Neutral Sheet. (1986)

The collisionless tearing-mode instability is believed to play an important role in magnetospheric reconnection processes. It has been found that the linear growth rate for a non-Maxwellian neutral sheet can be enhanced by a few orders of magnitude in comparison with the conventional isotropic case and that the short wavelength perturbations (k delta is greater than 1) are strongly favored, where delta is the characteristic half-width of the neutral sheet. For typical magnetotail parameters, it is found that the linear e-folding time can be reduced to a small function of a minute. The resulting small scale islands are expected to coalesce rapidly. The additional free-energy is the particle energy is the form of non-Maxwellian distribution. Differential equation analysis and full integro-differential analysis using exact unperturbed orbits are discussed. Physically, if non-Maxwellian features are generated in the plasma distribution by changes in external conditions such as the solar wind conditions, then the magnetotail may become strongly unstable, resulting in rapid development of small scale islands, coalescence and reconnection. This process may manifest itself as triggering of substorms following such changes. (Author)
Weight optimum for weighted polynomial expansion multiuser detector (2004)

Weighted polynomial expansion (WPE) detector can be used to approximate linear multiuser detectors to avoid the computation of inverse of matrix. For finite stage WPE detector, weight vector optimum problem is very important to efficiently approximate linear multiuser detectors. In this paper, the optimal weight vector for the finite stage WPE detector is derived based on mean square error (MSE) criteria. And a low complexity adaptive WPE detector based on least square (LS) criteria is presented to simplify the computation of weight vector, because the direct computation of the optimal weight vector is complex in practical implementations. Simulation results show that the adaptive WPE detector can nearly achieve the performance of the exact optimal weight vector WPE detector with greatly reduced complexity.
Triaging Patient Complaints: Monte Carlo Cross-Validation of Six Machine Learning Classifiers (2017)

We demonstrate that natural language processing methods based on modeling patient complaint text can be effective in identifying those patient complaints requiring physician action.