gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Newly Developed Cordierite Honeycomb Substrate for SCR Coating Realizing System Compactness and Low Backpressure (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Lean NOx Trap (LNT) systems are key technologies to reduce NOx emission for diesel on-highway vehicles to meet worldwide tighter emission regulations. In addition DeNOx catalysts have already been applied to several commercial off-road applications. Adding the DeNOx catalyst to existing Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) emission control system requires additional space and will result in an increase of emission system back pressure. Therefore it is necessary to address optimizing the DeNOx catalyst in regards to back pressure and downsizing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Recently, extruded zeolite for DeNOx application has been considered. This technology improves NOx conversion at low temperature due to the high catalyst amount. However, this technology has concerned about strength and robustness, because the honeycomb body is composed of catalyst. A zeolite catalyst supported by a ceramic honeycomb structure resolves the strength and robustness issues. Also the honeycomb structure offers higher geometric surface area (GSA), a key characteristic for higher NOx conversion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Cordierite substrates with a honeycomb structure are a historically proven technology used for a variety of applications (gasoline, diesel, LDV, HDV, Non-Road) over the past 30 years. Cordierite substrates have been used widely for three-way catalyst (TWC) and DOC as well as ammonia SCR and LNT for several decades. However, today's DeNOx catalyst technologies require higher catalyst loading to ensure very high conversion efficiencies at lower temperature. Conventional cordierite substrate has not been optimized for high catalyst loadings for DeNOx catalysts applications. By modifying cordierite substrate material properties for high catalyst loadings, lower pressure drop and retention of high NOx conversion efficiency can be offered.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this investigation, the performances of newly developed cordierite substrates with material properties adjusted to address high catalyst loadings and in various geometrical configurations were compared to conventional substrate technology. The performance evaluation includes NOx conversion, pressure drop performance, as well as durability and material strength evaluation. The paper will discuss the opportunities this newly developed material provides in regards to compactness and low pressure drop while maintaining high NOx conversion efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
On-Chip Antenna Test Structure Design with Reduced Sensitivity to Probe Pad Effects (2018)

This paper has shown that, by simply inserting a matching line, the probe pad effects on antenna impedance matching and frequency shift can be reduced. Simulation and measurement results confirm the method.
Potent Cytotoxicity Against Multiple Myeloma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by a New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ITF2357. (2005)

Abstract ITF2357 (Italfarmaco, Italia) is a novel hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) that has shown reduced toxicity in phase I studies. We have investigated the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities of ITF2357 in multiple myeloma (MM) and acute myelogenous leukaemia cells (AML). ITF2357 had a strong cytotoxic activity in 8/9 MM and 6/6 AML cell lines, with a mean IC50 of about 0.2 μM, a concentration largely attained following oral administration of safe doses of ITF2357 to healthy individuals. In contrast SAHA, the prototypic hydroxamic HDACi, showed an IC50 of about 1 μM or above in all cases. The cytotoxic activity of ITF2357 was due to induction of apoptosis, as documented by detection of annexin V and cleaved caspase 3. The ITF2357 induced hyperacetylation of histones in cell lines resistant or sensitive to the cytoytoxic activity of the drug is under investigation in order to further define its mechanism of action. ITF2357 had also more potent cytotoxic activity compared to SAHA against freshly isolated CD138+ purified MM cells and AML samples, with an IC50 of about 0.1 μM in 3/3 MM and 13/15 AML cases. Sensitive AML cases included five cases of FAB M1, five M2 and three M4. Three of the sensitive cases carried a t(8;21) translocation, 2 an inv(16), 6 had a normal and 2 a complex karyotype. Furthermore four of the sensitive AML also carried a flt3 internal tandem duplication and 3 a type A mutation in the nucleophosmin 1 gene (NPM1). The 2 more resistant AML cases (one M1 and one M5, both with normal karyotype) showed nonetheless a response to the drug with an IC50 of about 0.5 μM. We have also developed a culture system to grow freshly isolated AML cells for at least 3 weeks in vitro on human mesenchymal cells (MSC). Interestingly, ITF2357 was cytotoxic for primary AML cells stimulated to grow in optimal conditions on MSCs, at the same dose as in standard short term cultures. In contrast ITF2357 was not cytotoxic for MSCs even at the 1 μM concentration. The strong cytotoxic activity of ITF2357 on MM and AML has provided the framework for ongoing phase I studies of ITF2357 in these malignancies.
The success rate of various stereotests for infant. (2000)

今回我々は、3歳以下の低年齢児に対し、左右に移動する視標を用いたDinamic Romdom Dot Stereogram (DRDS)による動的立体視検査と、従来から行われているTitmus stereo test (TST),およびLang stereo test (Lang)による静的立体視検査を行い、これらの検査成功率について検討した。動的立体視検査では、画面上を水平移動する立体視標を追従する眼球運動の観察により立体視機能の評価を行なった。その結果、DRDS,Lang,TSTの順で成功率が高く、最も低年齢で検査成功が得られたのはDRDSであった。
3-D scaffold platform for optimized non-viral transfection of multipotent stem cells (2014)

Optimization of non-viral gene delivery from biomaterials is of critical importance, as several material parameters are known to influence non-viral transfection efficiency. A series of previous studies have achieved screening of gene delivery vectors on two dimensional (2D) substrates, which have direct relevance to cell culture applications. There is an additional need to create screening systems that are 3-dimensional (3D), and can thus be applied to emerging tissue engineering applications. Here, we report an enhanced throughput, 3D scaffold platform to screen for the influence of mineral coating properties on stem cell transfection. Mineral coatings with a range of physicochemical properties were formed on the scaffolds within a 96-well plate format, while maintaining an interconnected macroporous scaffold structure. A series of general gene delivery parameters, including plasmid amount, N/P ratio, and cell density, were efficiently screened in scaffolds using a luciferase-encoding plasmid as a reporter. In addition, human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) transfection with a plasmid encoding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was successfully optimized by screening a library of mineral coatings, resulting in over 5-fold increases in BMP-2 production when compared to standard techniques. Notably, the majority of BMP-2 was incorporated into the mineral coating following secretion from the cells. The 3D mineral coated scaffold platform described here may accelerate gene delivery optimization and improve the predictability of the screening systems, which could facilitate translation of gene delivery to clinical applications.
Supplemental Figures from Organoid Profiling Identifies Common Responders to Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Testing Bell inequalities with weak measurements (2010)

Quantum theory is inconsistent with any local hidden variable model as was first shown by Bell. To test Bell inequalities two separated observers extract correlations from a common ensemble of identical systems. Since quantum theory does not allow simultaneous measurements of noncommuting observables, on each system every party measures a single randomly chosen observable out of a given set. Here we suggest a different approach for testing Bell inequalities that is experimentally realizable by current methods. We show that Bell inequalities can be maximally violated even when all observables are measured on each member of the ensemble. This is possible by using weak measurements that produce small disturbance, at the expense of accuracy. However, our approach does not constitute an independent test of quantum nonlocality since the local hidden variables may correlate the noise of the measurement instruments. Nevertheless, by adding a randomly chosen precise measurement at the end of every cycle of weak measurements, the parties can verify that the hidden variables were not interfering with the noise, and thus validate the suggested test.
Synthesizing High-performance Reconfigurable Meta-devices through Multi-objective Optimization (2020)

Metasurfaces offer the potential to realize large SWaP (size, weight, and power) reduction over conventional optical elements for their ability to achieve comparable functionalities in ultrathin geometries. Moreover, metasurfaces designed with phase change materials offer the potential to go beyond what is achievable by conventional optics by enabling multiple functionalities in a single reconfigurable meta-device. However, designing a single metasurface geometry that simultaneously achieves multiple desired functionalities while meeting all bandwidth requirements and fabrication constraints is a very challenging problem. Fortunately, this challenge can be overcome by the use of state-of-the-art multi-objective optimization algorithms which are well-suited for the inverse-design of multi-functional meta-devices.
Topological wormholes (2019)

Locality plays a fundamental role in quantum computation but also severely restricts our ability to store and process quantum information. We argue that this restriction may be unwarranted and re-examine quantum error correcting codes. We proceed to introduce new defects on the surface code called wormholes. These novel defects entangle two spatially separated sectors of the lattice. When anyonic excitations enter the mouth of a wormhole, they emerge through the other mouth. Wormholes thus serve to connect two spatially separated sectors of a flat, $2$D lattice. We show that these defects are capable of encoding logical qubits and can be used to perform all gates in the Clifford group.
Video-Based Prediction for Header-Height Control of a Combine Harvester (2019)

Many automation applications in the agriculture industry focus on navigation or steering control. But there are few studies on functional controls such as header automation. This paper introduces a video-based prediction system for header-height control of a combine harvester. To achieve this goal, we propose a lighting-invariant spatial segmentation method to locate the field region. Crop presence detection is performed by training a classifier on texture features and the percentage of crops in the field can be estimated. Then the time to lift the header is predicted based on observing the trend of crop presence. The framework is tested on both bean and wheat harvesting video sequences and the decreasing crop percentage can be successfully estimated.
Pathology and Advanced Imaging—Characterization of a Congenital Cardiac Defect and Complex Hemodynamics in a Pig: A Case Report (2021)

Domestic pigs are widely used in cardiovascular research as the porcine circulatory system bears a remarkable resemblance to that of humans. In order to reduce variability, only clinically healthy animals enter the study as their health status is assessed in entry examination. Like humans, pigs can also suffer from congenital heart disease, such as an atrial septal defect (ASD), which often remains undetected. Due to the malformation of the endocardial cushion during organ development, mitral valve defects (e.g., mitral clefts) are sometimes associated with ASDs, further contributing to hemodynamic instability. In this work, we report an incidental finding of a hemodynamically highly relevant ASD in the presence of incompetent mitral and tricuspid valves, in an asymptomatic, otherwise healthy juvenile pig. In-depth characterization of the cardiac blood flow by four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a prominent diastolic left-to-right and discrete systolic right-to-left shunt, resulting in a pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio of 1.8. Severe mitral (15 mL/stroke) and tricuspid (22 mL/stroke) regurgitation further reduced cardiac output. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of an ostium primum ASD and found a serous cyst of lymphatic origin that was filled with clear fluid partially occluding the ASD. A large mitral cleft was identified as the most likely cause of severe regurgitation, and histology showed mild to moderate endocardiosis in the coaptation area of both atrio-ventricular valves. In summary, although not common, congenital heart defects could play a role as a cause of experimental variability or even intra-experimental mortality when working with apparently heathy, juvenile pigs.
Supplementary Figure from KEAP1-Dependent Synthetic Lethality Induced by AKT and TXNRD1 Inhibitors in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 589K, Combination of Auranofin and MK2206 induced PARP cleavage in H460 cells with re-expression of functional KEAP1.&lt;/p&gt;
Ultrasonic and Electromagnetic Sensors for Downhole Reservoir Characterization (2020)

The current work covers the evaluation of ultrasonic and electromagnetic (EM) techniques applied to temperature measurement and flow characterization for Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). We have evaluated both ultrasonic techniques and microwave radiometry for temperature gradient and profile measurements. A waveguide-based ultrasonic probe was developed to measure the temperature gradient. A statistic approach on estimating the average grain size via spectral analysis of the scattered ultrasonic signals is introduced. For directional temperature measurement, different microwave antenna designs are compared numerically and an array loop antenna design is selected for further development. Finally techniques to characterize the porosity and permeability of a hot dry rock resource are presented.
Data from Autocrine Adenosine Regulates Tumor Polyfunctional CD73<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> Effector T Cells Devoid of Immune Checkpoints (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The production of CD73-derived adenosine (Ado) by Tregs has been proposed as a resistance mechanism to anti-PD-1 therapy in murine tumor models. We reported that human Tregs express the ectonucleotidase CD39, which generates AMP from ATP, but do not express the AMPase CD73. In contrast, CD73 defined a subset of effector CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells (Teffs) enriched in polyfunctional Th1.17 cells characterized by expression of CXCR3, CCR6, and MDR1, and production of IL17A/IFNγ/IL22/GM-CSF. CD39&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tregs selectively targeted CD73&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Teffs through cooperative degradation of ATP into Ado inhibiting and restricting the ability of CD73&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Teffs to secrete IL17A. CD73&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Teffs infiltrating breast and ovarian tumors were functionally blunted by Tregs expressing upregulated levels of CD39 and ATPase activity. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating CD73&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Teffs failed to express inhibitory immune checkpoints, suggesting that CD73 might be selected under pressure from immune checkpoint blockade therapy and thus may represent a nonredundant target for restoring antitumor immunity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; Polyfunctional CD73&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell effectors lacking other immune checkpoints are selectively targeted by CD39 overexpressing Tregs that dominate the breast tumor environment. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(13); 3604–18. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Trop-2 as a therapeutic target for the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132), in patients (pts) with previously treated metastatic small-cell lung cancer (mSCLC). (2016)

8559 Background: Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) is a novel ADC comprising SN-38, the active metabolite of the topoisomerase inhibitor, irinotecan, conjugated to an anti-Trop-2 humanized antibody. Its uniquely very high drug:antibody ratio of 7.6 allows delivering up to 136-fold more SN-38 than its parent drug, irinotecan, in a human cancer xenograft. The mAb and ADC are immunotherapeutic in vitro (ADCC). Expression of Trop-2 is increased in most epithelial cancers (>80%), including SCLC. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of this new ADC is being examined in previously treated mSCLC. Methods: A Phase I/II clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01631552) is enrolling mSCLC pts, administering IMMU-132 on days 1 and 8 of 21-day treatment cycles. Treatment continues based on tolerance or until progression, with safety and response assessments (RECIST 1.1) made every week and at 8-12 weeks, respectively. No prophylactic diarrhea or G-CSF medication is given. Results: Thirty-one mSCLC pts were enrolled by 11/19/15. Twenty-eight pts are assessable [median age 63 yrs, 10 M/18 F, ECOG 0 (N=5)/1 (N=23)], with a median of 2.5 (range: 1-5) prior chemotherapies. Pts were given IMMU-132 doses at 8 mg/kg (N=15) or 10 mg/kg (N=13). All pts had previous treatment with platinum-based therapy and etoposide, and 9 had received topotecan. Responses are shown in the Table. Among reported adverse events so far (n=27), grade 3+ drug-related toxicities above 5% incidence are neutropenia (33%) and diarrhea (7%). No pt developed antibodies (by ELISA) to the antibody or drug. Conclusions: Encouraging objective responses with a good therapeutic index support further study of IMMU-132 in pts with previously treated mSCLC. Clinical trial information: NCT01631552.IMMU-132 Dosage Objective Response Rate (PR) including confirmed and unconfirmed data Clinical benefit (PR+ SD > 4 Months Median Progression-Free Survival (Months) (% Maturity) Median Overall Survival (Months) (% Maturity) 8 mg/kg (N=15) 15% 31% 2.0 (87%) 8.1 (60%) 10 mg/kg (N=13) 31% 54% 4.6 (77%) 8.3 (46%)
Strategic and Tactical Approaches to the Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydro-[1,2,4]oxadiazines (2016)

Three methods were developed for the synthesis of substituted 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2,4]oxadiazines.The desired oxadiazine rings were synthesised via reductive amination, addition to an iminium ion intermediate and by condensation of a diamine with an imidate.For all methods the scope with respect to the substituents that could be introduced was explored.It was found that the imidate condensation route was the most versatile and the products could be isolated in yields up to 91%.This route is also suitable for the introduction of chirality on the C5 and C6 position of the oxadiazine rings.
Handedness-sensitive emission of surface plasmon polaritons by elliptical nanohole ensembles (2012)

We report handedness-sensitive surface plasmon polariton (SPP) emission in mirror-symmetric ensembles of elliptical nanoholes made in a thin gold film. It is found by means of rigorous calculations and scanning near-field optical microscopy that SPP excitation direction depends on the direction of circularly polarized illumination E-vector rotation. An analytical model based on anisotropic polarizability of each nanohole is presented. Both the experimental and calculated results are in agreement with Curie's principle, and contribute to better understanding of symmetry in plasmonics.
Analysis of the Parallel Operation Between Synchronverters and PLL-Based Converters (2019)

The stability of a converter synchronized to the grid voltage through a phase-locked loop (PLL) is negatively affected by the presence of another converter with the same synchronization principle operating nearby, especially under weak grid conditions. However, while weak grids are critical for PLL-based converters, virtual synchronous machines (VSMs) are instead suitable for such applications. In fact, it can be proven that the robust stability of a VSM is enhanced when it is connected to a weaker grid. Recent studies have investigated the parallel operation between VSMs, but the parallel operation between a VSM and a PLL-based converter has not yet been properly addressed in the literature. In this paper, this topic is investigated by means of eigenvalue analysis, showing the positive effects on the stability of a PLL-based converter due to the presence of a synchronverter operating nearby. The model of the system under study is obtained adopting the component connection method (CCM), and time-domain simulations as well as experimental results using a power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) test bench are reported to demonstrate the validity of the performed analysis.
Synthesis of palladium and platinum nanoclusters within microphase-separated diblock copolymers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of palladium and platinum nanoclusters within microphase-separated diblock copolymersY. Ng Cheong Chan, G. S. W. Craig, R. R. Schrock, and R. E. CohenCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 4, 885–894Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00022a026https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00022a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser Rock Drilling for Oil and Gas Wells: Abstract (2003)

Abstract Application of advanced high power laser technology to oil and gas well drilling is attracting significant interest among research institutes, the petroleum industry, and universities. Laser or laser-aided oil and gas well drilling has many potential advantages over conventional rotary drilling, including high penetration rate, reduction or elimination of tripping, casing, and bit costs, enhanced well control, as well as perforating and side-tracking capabilities. Studies on drilling petroleum reservoir rocks with lasers show that modern infrared lasers have the capability to spall, melt and vaporize natural earth materials. This paper will report results on sandstone, shale, and limestone lithologies exposed to radiation from a 1.6 kW pulsed Nd:YAG laser to determine the effect on rock removal efficiency of several parameters, including beam spot size, power, repetition rate, pulse width and exposure time. Tests clearly identified the spallation and melting zones for shale samples with increasing laser power. The lowest specific energy was obtained in the spallation zone just prior to the onset of mineral melt. We also report results using a 6 kW CO2 laser, operated in both continuous wave and superpulse mode, to drill reservoir rocks. The specific energy was determined, then used to assess the efficiency of rock removal. Results show that super-pulsed CO2 laser beams can be efficiently used to drill deep, large diameter holes in petroleum rocks due to high peak power, 4 times higher than the average power, and its pulse nature.