gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Plastic optics in LCD backlighting</title> (1995)

A precisely modeled acrylic lightpipe is combined with micro-structured films, reflective films, adhesives, and other mechanical components in the construction of a thin, high performance LCD backlight. We focus here on the manufacturing issues associated with the injection molded lightpipe.
Stomach-Specific Anti-H. pyloriTherapy. II. Gastric Residence Studies of Tetracycline-Loaded Chitosan Microspheres in Gerbils (2003)

This study examines the gastric residence of chitosan microspheres and the local tetracycline concentrations following oral administration in gerbils. Chitosan microspheres were prepared by ionic cross-linking and precipitation with sodium sulfate. Gastric retention studies were performed by administering radioiodinated [125I] chitosan microsphere suspension in the nonacid-suppressed and acid-suppressed states. At different time points, animals were sacrificed, and the radioactivity in tissues and fluids was measured with a gamma counter. Local tetracycline concentrations were measured using chitosan microspheres loaded with tritiated-[3H]-tetracycline. The radioactivity, measured with a liquid scintillation analyzer, was used to determine the microg of drug per gram of tissues or fluids under nonacid-suppressed and acid-suppressed states. Microspheres with a spherical shape and an average diameter of 2.0-3.0 microm were formed. After 2 hr in the fasted stomach, approximately 10% of the administered dose remained. The microspheres were predominantly found in the colon after 6 hr of administration. There was no detectable radioactivity in the small intestine, plasma, urine, liver, and kidneys. Additionally, acid suppression with ranitidine did not influence the gastric residence time of chitosan microspheres. To our disappointment, tetracycline concentration profile in the stomach from microsphere formulation was similar to the aqueous solution. Also, there was no significant difference between the stomach tetracycline concentrations in the nonacid-suppressed and acid-suppressed states. The drug was predominantly found in the colon and urine samples after 6 hr. Tetracycline could not be detected in the plasma, small intestine, liver, or kidneys. Results of this study show that chitosan microspheres prepared by ionic cross-linking do not provide a longer residence time in the fasted gerbil stomach. The tetracycline concentration profile in the stomach, following administration in microsphere formulation, was similar to that of aqueous solution. Lastly, acid suppression did not influence the gastric residence time of chitosan microspheres or tetracycline concentration profiles.
A dual-genome microarray for the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and its obligate bacterial symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola (2006)

We examined gene expression under heat shock of an insect and its bacterial symbiont in a single assay using a dual-genome microarray. Further, our results indicate that microarrays are a useful tool for inferring functional roles of genes in A. pisum and other insects and suggest that the pea aphid genome may contain many gene paralogs that are differentially regulated.
Cervical Disc Replacement (2005)

Cervical disc replacement is an innovative technology that preserves motion at the instrumented level/s and will potentially improve load transfer to the adjacent levels compared with fusion. Clinical reports of success of cervical total disc replacement are encouraging but are also quite preliminary. As the U.S. IDE studies are completed, a clearer role for the place of cervical disc replacement in the spine surgeon's armamentarium should emerge.
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies Against a Novel Coagulant Cancer Antigen 1 (CCA-1) and it's Expression on Human Cancer Cell Lines (1993)

Two monoclonal antibodies AI18 (IgM) and AI51 (IgG1) were generated against the Factor X activating coagulant serine protease which extracted from LK52 human squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Both antibodies inhibit the activity of LK52 coagulant serine protease, but not of Russel's viper venom. AI18 and AI51 react with human lung and colon cancer cell lines, but not react with mouse cancer cell lines, rabbit cancer cell line or human fibroblast cell lines from lung and colon. From these results, LK52 coagulant serine protease was named as coagulant cancer antigen 1 (CCA-1). This is a first report of a novel CCA-1 expression on various human cancer cell lines. CCA-1 may play a important role in unbalanced haemostasis of cancer patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate Encapsulation: An Efficient Strategy for the RCM Synthesis of Unsaturated ε‐Lactones. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
JAMA Oncology—The Year in Review, 2022 (2023)

This past year has been an exciting one for JAMA Oncology and its editors.We have had the pleasure of receiving a substantial number of submissions and reviewing a diverse and interesting array of topics.Diversity in the oncology workforce and disparities in health equity were common topics.Articles ranged from data on lack of access to cancer screening for some populations, to the inability to access health technology, to the role of zip code in cancer care.We continued to receive reports about the COVID-19 pandemic in cancer, including studies that explore the efficacy of specific vaccines on the more aggressive variants of the virus and the role of booster immunizations in enhancing immune responses in patients.We have reported results from several large phase 3 randomized clinical trials affecting standard of care as well as exciting and promising results from smaller phase 1 and 2 studies with outstanding correlative science.We hope that you enjoyed reading these articles as much as we enjoyed choosing the best manuscripts for publication.We thank the many authors, reviewers, and readers for the significant contributions made to the journal this past year.The JAMA Oncology editorial board, editors, and I are honored to have the opportunity to serve the oncology community by offering original, innovative, and timely scientific content that has a direct effect on researchers, clinicians, and the patients we serve.The impact factor of 33.01 placed JAMA Oncology as one of the highest-ranking oncology journals.Choosing manuscripts for the journal was rewarding, but challenging.We received a total of 2712 submissions this past year, including 1603 Original Investigations, 289 Brief Reports, 234 Research Letters, 117 Viewpoints, and 85 Reviews and Special Communications.In 2022, we published 382 total manuscripts, including 102 Original Investigations, 33 Viewpoints, and 15 Reviews and Special Communications.I would like to thank these authors for choosing JAMA Oncology.The quality of their published manuscripts is reflected in the more than 4 million readers who have viewed or downloaded JAMA Oncology articles.In 2022, the acceptance rates were 14% for overall submissions and 8% for Original Investigations and Brief Reports, 16% for Research Letters, 25% for Review articles, 29% for Viewpoints, and 12% for Clinical Challenges.
Enhancing Essential Skills in Basic Education for Sustainable Future: Case Analysis with Exemplars Related to Local Wisdom (2021)

Supporting a quality basic education incorporating the 21st century curriculum to reach out to all including the marginalized groups has been a key priority globally including SEAMEO regions, especially for the past few decades. However, in the advent of the digital era with plentiful resources ac
Nanoscale Communication: State-of-Art and Recent Advances (2019)

The engineering community is witnessing a new frontier in the communication industry. Among others, the tools provided by nanotechnologies enable the development of novel nanosensors and nanomachines. On the one hand, nanosensors are capable of detecting events with unprecedented accuracy. On the other hand, nanomachines are envisioned to accomplish tasks ranging from computing and data storing to sensing and actuation. Recently, in vivo wireless nanosensor networks (iWNSNs) have been presented to provide fast and accurate disease diagnosis and treatment. These networks are capable of operating inside the human body in real time and will be of great benefit for medical monitoring and medical implant communication. Despite the fact that nanodevice technology has been witnessing great advancements, enabling the communication among nanomachines is still a major challenge.
Hydrothermal time analysis of seed dormancy in true (botanical) potato seeds (2005)

As seed dormancy is released within a seed population, both the rate and percentage of germination increase progressively with increasing dose of a dormancy-breaking treatment or condition. Population-based models can account for this behaviour on the basis of shifting response thresholds as dormancy is alleviated. In particular, hydrothermal time analysis of germination sensitivity to water potential (Ψ) and temperature ( T ) can describe these features of seed behaviour. We used the hydrothermal time model to analyse the effects of dormancy-breaking treatments on germination of dormant true (botanical) potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) seeds (TPS). After-ripening (37°C and 4% seed moisture content) of TPS for 7 or 30 days partially or fully alleviated primary dormancy. The median base water potential required to prevent germination [Ψ b (50)] decreased from –0.25 MPa in control seeds to –0.87 MPa and –1.83 MPa after 7 and 30 days of after-ripening, respectively. In contrast, the base temperature for germination ( T b ) was relatively unaffected (0–3.3°C). Fluridone (50 μM), an inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, also promoted germination of dormant TPS and lowered Ψ b (50), indicating a role for de novo synthesis of ABA during dormancy maintenance. Moist chilling (3 days at 4°C) or gibberellin (100 μM) alleviated secondary dormancy and lowered Ψ b (50) values from –0.08 MPa to –0.36 and –0.87 MPa, respectively. The hydrothermal time model allows quantification of dormancy levels and explains why changes in germination speed and percentage are closely correlated during dormancy alleviation.
Vectorial total variation denoising for myocardial blood flow estimation in dynamic CT (2014)

Dynamic CT could provide a relatively inexpensive and widely available technique to measure myocardial blood flow (MBF) for evaluating coronary artery disease (CAD). The main limitation to clinical acceptance is the substantial radiation dose. The dose can be reduced by decreasing the photon flux or the number of temporal frames, both resulting in noisy 4D data from which accurate MBF information needs to be extracted. In this work, we investigate two novel image domain denoising techniques based on total variation (TV). These methods are possible generalizations of the Rudin Osher Fatemi denoising model to multiple frames of dynamic CT data. Our first method, scalar total variation (STV), considers the sum of total variation of multiple temporal images as the penalty. Our second method, vectorial total variation (VTV) leverages the fact that images reconstructed from different dynamic frames have a common edge structure. We performed simulation studies of low-dose, dynamic cardiac CT acquisitions (25 mAs, 30 frames) of several flow states (flow = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ml/g/min) and compared the accuracy of MBF estimates obtained from the proposed STV and VTV methods to a sinogram-domain 4D smoothing technique. Through simulation studies, we found that the proposed VTV algorithm gave us the best MBF estimate for 25 mAs tube current. The VTV method is fast and versatile, offering a pragmatic filtering strategy to improve the quality of dynamic 4D CT images. The STV method did not perform as well as the other two denoising methods.
Sequential Cleavage of Poly(ADP‐Ribose)polymerase and Appearance of a Small Bax‐Immunoreactive Protein Are Blocked by Bcl‐XL and Caspase Inhibitors During Staurosporine‐Induced Dopaminergic Neuronal Apoptosis (1999)

To assess the role of Bcl-X(L) and its splice derivative, Bcl-X(S), in staurosporine-induced cell death, we used a dopaminergic cell line, MN9D, transfected with bcl-xL (MN9D/Bcl-X(L)), bcl-xS (MN9D/Bcl-X(S)), or control vector (MN9D/Neo). Only 8.6% of MN9D/Neo cells survived after 24 h of 1 microM staurosporine treatment. Caspase activity was implicated because a caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-fmk), attenuated staurosporine-induced cell death. Bcl-X(L) rescued MN9D cells from death (89.4% viable cells), whereas Bcl-X(S) had little or no effect. Bcl-X(L) prevented morphologically apoptotic changes as well as cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) induced by staurosporine. It is interesting that a small Bax-immunoreactive protein appeared 4-8 h after PARP cleavage in MN9D/Neo cells. The appearance of the small Bax-immunoreactive protein, however, may be cell type-specific as it was not observed in PC12 cells after staurosporine treatment. The sequential cleavage of PARP and the appearance of the small Bax-immunoreactive protein in MN9D cells were blocked either by Z-VAD-fmk or by Bcl-X(L). Thus, our present study suggests that Bcl-X(L) but not Bcl-X(S) prevents staurosporine-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the caspase activation that may be directly or indirectly responsible for the appearance of the small Bax-immunoreactive protein in some types of neurons.
Film Cooling Measurements for Cratered Cylindrical Inclined Holes (2008)

Film cooling performance is studied for cylindrical holes embedded in craters. Different crater geometries are considered for a typical crater depth. Cratered holes may occur when blades are coated with thermal barrier coating layers by masking the hole area during thermal barrier coating (TBC) spraying, resulting in a hole surrounded by a TBC layer. The film performance and behavior is expected to be different for the cratered holes compared to standard cylindrical holes. Detailed heat transfer coefficient and film effectiveness measurements are obtained simultaneously using a single test transient IR thermography technique. The study is performed at a single mainstream Reynolds number based on freestream velocity and film-hole diameter of 11,000 at four different coolant-to-mainstream blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. The results show that film cooling effectiveness is slightly enhanced by cratering of holes, but a substantial increase in heat transfer enhancement negates the benefits of higher film effectiveness. Three different crater geometries are studied and compared to a base line flush cylindrical hole, a trenched hole, and a typical diffuser shaped hole. Computational fluid dynamics simulation using FLUENT was also performed to determine the jet-mainstream interactions associated with the experimental surface measurements.
Gradient Droplet Arrays by Acceleration‐Mode Dip‐Coating (2022)

Abstract Droplet microarray technology is of great interest in biology and chemistry as it allows for significant reactant savings and massive parallelization of experiments. Upon scaling down the footprint of each droplet in an array, it becomes increasingly challenging to produce the array drop‐by‐drop. Therefore, techniques for parallelized droplet production are developed, e.g., dip‐coating of biphilic substrates. However, it is in general difficult to tailor the characteristics of individual droplets, such as size and content, without updating the substrate. Here, the method of dip‐coating of uniformly patterned biphilic substrates in so‐called “acceleration‐mode” to produce droplet arrays featuring gradients in droplet height for fixed droplet footprint is developed. The results herein present this method applied to produce drops with base diameters varying over orders of magnitude, from as high as 6 mm to as small as 50 µm; importantly, the experimentally measured power‐law‐dependency of volume on capillary‐number matches analytical theory for droplet formation on heterogenous substrates though the precise quantitative values likely differ due to 2D substrate patterning. Gradient characteristics, including average droplet volume, steepness of the gradient, and its monotonicity, can all be tuned by changing the dip‐coating parameters, thus providing a robust method for high‐throughput screening applications and experiments.
A method of aligning peak lists generated by gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (2013)

We report a method for the peak list alignment of gas chromatography high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry data. The alignment is performed in a z-score transformed retention time domain to standardize chromatographic peak distribution across samples. A mixture score is developed to assess the similarity between two peaks by simultaneously evaluating the mass spectral similarity and the closeness of retention time. An analysis of experimental data acquired under three different flow rates indicates that the proposed method is able to correctly align the heterogeneous data. The effectiveness of method is further validated by analyzing experimental data of multiple mixtures of metabolite extract from mouse liver with 28 spiked-in acids. All of the detected spiked-in acids were correctly aligned. A statistical test correctly detected the concentration differences of the spiked-in compounds between sample groups using the alignment table. The area under curve (AUC) value in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is larger than 0.85 in all three of the compared sample groups, indicating a high accuracy of peak alignment and supporting the potential application of the proposed method for metabolomics projects such as biomarker discovery.
Inheritance of Two Traits With High Plasticity, Developmental Speed, and Body Size, in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (2022)

The study of inheritance of quantitative traits of high plasticity in insects has been limited. The heritability of larval development time and body weight in Tenebrio molitor L. was determined using the method of parent-offspring regression. The parental group of adults obtained from a cohort from one day of oviposition from a stock colony was divided into 28 class groups according to their larval development time and pupal weight. The progeny resulting from these parental classes was grouped in experimental units and allowed to develop to the pupal stage. Means of larval development time and pupal weight of the progeny were compared with their parental class levels using linear regression. The selection of larval development time and pupal weight in the parental classes had a significant impact on the means of larval development time and pupal weight of the progeny. The regression coefficients for larval development time and pupal weight were 0.626 ± 0.02 and 0.408 ± 0.02, respectively. These values represent the proportion of genetic determination of these two traits based on the principles of the method of parent-offspring regression. The apparent independence of larval development time and pupal weight based on their poor linear correlation is discussed.
Uncovering the Disentanglement Capability in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models (2022)

Generative models have been widely studied in computer vision. Recently, diffusion models have drawn substantial attention due to the high quality of their generated images. A key desired property of image generative models is the ability to disentangle different attributes, which should enable modification towards a style without changing the semantic content, and the modification parameters should generalize to different images. Previous studies have found that generative adversarial networks (GANs) are inherently endowed with such disentanglement capability, so they can perform disentangled image editing without re-training or fine-tuning the network. In this work, we explore whether diffusion models are also inherently equipped with such a capability. Our finding is that for stable diffusion models, by partially changing the input text embedding from a neutral description (e.g., "a photo of person") to one with style (e.g., "a photo of person with smile") while fixing all the Gaussian random noises introduced during the denoising process, the generated images can be modified towards the target style without changing the semantic content. Based on this finding, we further propose a simple, light-weight image editing algorithm where the mixing weights of the two text embeddings are optimized for style matching and content preservation. This entire process only involves optimizing over around 50 parameters and does not fine-tune the diffusion model itself. Experiments show that the proposed method can modify a wide range of attributes, with the performance outperforming diffusion-model-based image-editing algorithms that require fine-tuning. The optimized weights generalize well to different images. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/UCSB-NLP-Chang/DiffusionDisentanglement.
1- or 3-(3-Amino-2-hydroxy-1-phenyl propyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-ones: Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (2009)

Sequential structural modifications of the aryloxypropanamine template (e.g., atomoxetine, 2) led to a novel series of 1-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-1-phenyl propyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-ones as selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs). In general, this series of compounds potently blocked the human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) while exhibiting selectivity at hNET against both the human serotonin (hSERT) and dopamine transporters (hDAT). Numerous compounds (e.g., 19-22) had low nonamolar hNET potency with IC(50) values of 7-10 nM and excellent selectivity (>500 fold) at hNET over hSERT and hDAT. Several compounds, such as 20 and 22, were tested in a telemetric rat model of ovariectomized-induced thermoregulatory dysfunction and were efficacious at oral doses of 3 mg/kg in reducing the tail skin temperature. In addition, compound 20 was also studied in the rat hot plate and spinal nerve ligation (SNL) models of acute and neuropathic pain, respectively, and was orally efficacious at doses of 3-10 mg/kg.
Supplementary Table S1 from A Novel Molecular Pathway for Snail-Dependent, SPARC-Mediated Invasion in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Pathogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 113K, Table describing manufacturer information and conditions for antibodies used in western blotting. Milk refers to Blotto, non-fat dry milk (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and BSA refers to Bovine Serum Albumin, Fraction V (Fisher Scientific)&lt;/p&gt;
Management of Intracranial Meningiomas Using Keyhole Techniques (2016)

Background: Keyhole craniotomies are increasingly being used for lesions of the skull base.