gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple vehicles based new landmark feature mapping for highly autonomous driving map (2017)

A highly autonomous driving (HAD) map can improve the perception and localization performance of autonomous cars. However, when the HAD map cannot represent the real world precisely as a result of changes in the environment, reliability of autonomous cars may be decreased; therefore, it is essential that up-to-date map information is maintained. In order to keep the HAD map up-to-date, new landmark features must be updated continuously. This paper focuses on new landmark feature mapping in the HAD map based on multiple cars equipped with low-cost sensors. The features can be accurately mapped in the HAD map by matching between sensor information and the HAD map information, and by integrating multiple features estimated from various cars. The proposed algorithm is composed of three steps: data acquisition, new landmark feature map estimation using the HAD map, and feature integration. The algorithm is evaluated by means of certain simulation scenarios and experiments.
New functional polymers for liquid crystal displays review of some recent developments (2000)

Polymeric materials play an important role in the construction and performance of liquid crystal displays. New functional polymers are developed to improve the displays on brightness, power efficiency and viewing angle performance. Polymer films with a controlled molecular structure and architecture provide new polarization optics to convert non-polarized light into polarized light with higher efficiency than the traditional polarizers based on stretched iodine doped poly(vinyl alcohol). Other films provide a polarization compensation function to maintain an angular invariant net optical retardation of the display device and therewith a better contrast to wider viewing angles. Color generation by non-absorbing methods is believed to improve on the display brightness. Special control of the liquid crystal alignment by photo-sensitive orientation layers, polymer protrusions or photo-formed polymer walls provide multiple director patterns within a single pixel to average out angular LC effects.
Intrahepatic, extramedullary hematopoiesis mimicking hemangioma on Technetium-99m red blood cell SPECT examination (1995)

Cavernous hemangiomas are the most common lesion of the liver. Because of the risk of hemorrhage inherent in percutaneous biopsy of such lesions, noninterventional modalities (such as CT, ultrasound, MRI and Technetium-99m red blood cell imaging) have been utilized for differentiating them from other lesions. The sensitivities and specificities of these techniques vary greatly. Technetium-99m red blood cell imaging with planar and SPECT imaging has been shown to have an overall sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 100%, and an overall accuracy of 92%. Despite its high accuracy, rare false positives have been reported with Technetium-99m red blood cell imaging with SPECT. Review of the literature indicates four cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, one case of hepatic angiosarcoma, and one case of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma as having an appearance identical to hemangioma with this modality. We present an additional false positive of a focal region of intrahepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with Gaucher's disease as having an appearance on Technetium-99m red blood cell imaging with SPECT identical to that of hemangioma.
Drug Discovery of Antimicrobial Photosensitizers Using Animal Models (2011)

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging alternative to antibiotics motivated by growing problems with multi-drug resistant pathogens. aPDT uses non-toxic dyes or photosensitizers (PS) in combination with harmless visible of the correct wavelength to be absorbed by the PS. The excited state PS can form a long-lived triplet state that can interact with molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical that kill the microbial cells. To obtain effective PS for treatment of infections it is necessary to use cationic PS with positive charges that are able to bind to and penetrate different classes of microbial cells. Other drug design criteria require PS with high absorption coefficients in the red/near infra-red regions of the spectrum where light penetration into tissue is maximum, high photostability to minimize photobleaching, and devising compounds that will selectively bind to microbial cells rather than host mammalian cells. Several molecular classes fulfill many of these requirements including phenothiazinium dyes, cationic tetrapyrroles such as porphyrins, phthalocyanines and bacteriochlorins, cationic fullerenes and cationic derivatives of other known PS. Larger structures such as conjugates between PS and cationic polymers, cationic nanoparticles and cationic liposomes that contain PS are also effective. In order to demonstrate in vivo efficacy it is necessary to use animal models of localized infections in which both PS and light can be effectively delivered into the infected area. This review will cover a range of mouse models we have developed using bioluminescent pathogens and a sensitive low light imaging system to non-invasively monitor the progress of the infection in real time. Effective aPDT has been demonstrated in acute lethal infections and chronic biofilm infections; in infections caused by Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi; in infections in wounds, third degree burns, skin abrasions and soft-tissue abscesses. This range of animal models also represents a powerful aid in antimicrobial drug discovery.
Cacao Liquor Proanthocyanidins Inhibit Lung Injury Induced by Diesel Exhaust Particles (2008)

Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), which generate reactive oxygen species, may be involved in the recent increase in the prevalence of lung diseases. Cacao liquor proanthocyanidins (CPs) are naturally occurring polyphenols with antioxidative activities. We carried out a study in mice to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of CPs on lung injury induced by intratracheal administration of DEPs (500 microg/body). Dietary supplementation with 1.0 percent CPs inhibited DEP-induced lung injury, characterized by neutrophil sequestration and edema. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that CPs prevented enhanced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 caused by DEPs in the lung injury. Numerous adducts of nitrotyrosine, N-(hexanonyl) lysine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and 8-OHdG were also observed immunohistochemically in the lungs of mice treated with DEPs. However, these indicators of oxidative stress were barely visible in mice pretreated with CP supplementation. In addition, the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the lung was decreased by CP supplementation in the presence of DEPs. These results suggest that CPs inhibit DEP-induced lung injury by reducing oxidative stress, in association with a reduction in the expression of adhesion molecules.
Efficient Light Harvesting with Micropatterned 3D Pyramidal Photoanodes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

3D TiO2 photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are fabricated by the soft lithographic technique for efficient light trapping. An extended strategy to the construction of randomized pyramid structure is developed by the conventional wet-etching of a silicon wafer for low-cost fabrication. Moreover, the futher enhancement of light absorption resulting in photocurrent increase is achieved by combining the 3D photoanode with a conventional scattering layer.
Relative cerebral blood volume maps corrected for contrast agent extravasation significantly correlate with glioma tumor grade, whereas uncorrected maps do not. (2006)

For gliomas, rCBV estimation that correlates significantly with WHO tumor grade necessitates contrast extravasation correction. Without correction, artificially lowered rCBV may be construed erroneously to reflect lower tumor grade.
Effect of applied mechanical strain on the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of Pb(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3 thin films (2003)

A wafer bending method has been devised to impose biaxial strains on Pb(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3 (PZT) thin films ranging in thickness from 700 to 4000 Å grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The ferroelectric and dielectric properties of PZT capacitors were investigated while the film was placed under biaxial tension. It was observed that biaxial strains as small as 0.08% can reversibly reduce the remanent polarization of PZT films by 12 to 14% for all film thicknesses. The small-signal capacitance measured at voltages significantly larger than the switching voltage increased with increasing biaxial tension. These observations present clear evidence of room temperature strain accommodation in PZT thin films by reversible 90° domain wall motion that changes the volume fraction of the film that switches during electrical testing.
Geochemical modeling: An integrated approach to nuclear waste disposal issues (1989)

To meet nuclear waste repository licensing requirements, the response of repository components and of the enclosing host rocks and fluids to temperature fluctuations, fluid flow, radionuclide releases, andother factors must be predicted over time periods of up to 100,000 years. Quantitative geochemical models must be developed which are capable of predicting system response over extended time periods. Confidencein the geochemical models will be increased if the basic chemical mechanisms controlling system response are understood, and if process-oriented and mechanistic, rather than empirical, models are developed. This report briefly discusses geochemical modeling applied to radioactive waste disposal issues.
Abstract 3063: Mcl-1 dependency is a predictive biomarker for apoptotic induction by short-term dinaciclib (SCH 727965) treatment (2012)

Abstract Dinaciclib (SCH 727965) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 1, 2, 5 and 9 undergoing clinical testing against a range of solid and hematologic malignancies. From preclinical studies, more than 140 cell lines have been profiled for dinaciclib response in long-term (&amp;gt;72 hrs) viability or clonogenicity assays with &amp;gt;97% of the lines showing IC50 β25 nM. This uniformly low nM potency is likely due to repression of both cell cycle progression and transcription through inhibition of CDK1/2 and CDK9, respectively. CDK9 phosphorylation of the RNA pol II (RNAPII) at Ser2 and 5 is required for transcriptional initiation and elongation. We and others have observed rapid CDK9-dependent effects on cells after short-term dinaciclib exposure, including loss of RNAPII Ser2 phosphorylation followed by rapid elimination of the short half-life, pro-survival protein Mcl-1. Since a cancer cell's ability to avoid apoptosis is dependent on the balance of several Bcl-2 antiapoptotic family members, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, we hypothesized that Mcl-1 dependent cell lines would be more sensitive to dinaciclib treatment. Moreover, we anticipated that this differential sensitivity could be discriminated from longer-term inhibitory cell cycle effects by conducting short-term dinaciclib exposure assays. Here we report the activity of dinaciclib to induce apoptosis on a panel of 25 human solid tumor cell lines with varying levels of Mcl-1 dependency. Mcl-1 dependency in solid tumor cell lines has been reported to correlate with the Mcl-1 to Bcl-xL mRNA ratio or the level of Mcl-1 gene amplification. Cell viability was assessed after an 18 hour, 100 nM dinaciclib treatment while target engagement and induction of apoptosis was determined after 8 hours. With one exception, all cell lines showed potent CDK9 target engagement as determined by loss of RNAPII Ser2 phosphorylation and corresponding reduced Mcl-1 protein levels. We observed that loss of cell viability, measured by ATP content, directly correlated with the Mcl-1/Bcl-xL mRNA ratio. A dramatic increase in PARP cleavage was also observed in cell lines with the highest Mcl-1/Bcl-xL mRNA ratio. Furthermore, the extent of PARP cleavage correlated with levels of caspase-3/7 activity. Bcl-2 levels did not significantly impact the dinaciclib response. These data provide a rationale for utilizing Mcl-1 dependency as a predictive biomarker for dinaciclib anti-cancer response in solid tumor malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3063. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3063
Giant clusters in randomad hocnetworks (2003)

The present paper introduces ad hoc communication networks as examples of large scale real networks that can be prospected by statistical means. A description of giant cluster formation based on a single parameter of node neighbor numbers is given along with the discussion of some asymptotic aspects of giant cluster sizes.
P3‐246: Influence of the Retrieval Frequency on the Memory Performance in Elderly Healthy Subjects and Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (2016)

There is controversial discussion regarding the influence of retrieval frequency or remoteness of an event on the memory performance and their dependence on the neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Regarding this issue we conducted several studies with neuropsychological and imaging methods in terms of memory performance in autobiographical and historical events. In healthy controls (HC) and AD patients, we examined the recall performance of historical events, depending on the remoteness to the event or its retrieval frequency. The ranking of the retrieval frequency was operationalized through a paired comparison of all events. Furthermore, we investigated in HC subjects and patients with AD the memory performance of autobiographical events depending on the remoteness of the event or its retrieval frequency. With functional magnetic resonance imaging, we then examined in HC subjects and patients with AD the influence of the remoteness to the event or its retrieval frequency on brain activity. In a fourth study, we correlated the dependence of the retrieval frequency for the memory of historical events with the hippocampal degeneration in HC subjects and patients with AD using voxel-based morphometry. The behavioral data showed that as well in the HC as in the AD groups the memory performance for historical and autobiographical events depended on the retrieval frequency. The memory was accompanied by bilateral activation in the hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, angular gyrus, precuneus and medial prefrontal regions. The activation in this network was reduced in patients with AD, whereas in HC and AD subjects activity in the hippocampus increased with the retrieval frequency. In contrast to rarely retrieved events the memory performance for frequently accessed events was independent of the degree of atrophy of the hippocampus. In summary, our studies have shown that the memory performance for historical and autobiographical events depends on retrieval frequency and this is associated with an increase in brain activity in the hippocampus. Moreover, the memory performance of frequently retrieved events appears to be less affected by the atrophy of the hippocampus in AD, either by compensatory hyperactivity in this region of the brain, or by additional activity in other brain regions.
Copulation defective mutants of C. elegans (2017)

​Description To identify genes involved in male copulatory behavior, we carried out an F2 clonal screen in a him-5 mutant background. We identified 20 mutations that affect male mating behavior without causing gross defects in morphology. ​ Male mating in C. elegans comprises at least five steps (Liu and Sternberg, 1995). (l) The male responds to the hermaphrodite by backing his tail along the length of the hermaphrodite, (2) he turns over or under her body before reaching the head or tail, (3) he locates the vulva with his tail, at which point he stops backing, (4) he inserts his spicules into the vulva, and (5) he transfers sperm. To study the genetic basis for male mating behavior, we are isolating and characterizing Copulation Defective (Cod) mutations. We screened for mutant strains defective in this behavior using the screen described by Hodgkin (1983). him-5(e1490) worms are mutagenized with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS); 20 P0 L4 hermaphrodites are picked singly to Petri plates; ten F1 worms are picked per mutagenized P0; and ten F2 L4 hermaphrodites are singled per P0 and their male progeny tested for mating efficiency via a qualitative mating test (six males crossed with six unc-52(e444) hermaphrodites, which are paralyzed at adulthood (Brenner, 1974). Mutants with phenotypes that are likely to reduce mating efficiency in a non-specific manner (such as those causing an Unc, Dpy, or Lon phenotype) were discarded. Those strains that appear morphologically normal under the dissecting microscope yet fail to mate or mate at a very low efficiency (1-5% cross progeny compared to wild type) were screened under Nomarski optics for defects in male reproductive structures. We screened over 3000 haploid genomes, and picked over 100 strains with reproduction defects. Nineteen strains were successfully backcrossed, which represents about 25% of the total strains attempted. This result suggests that most strains harbor two or more mutations that contribute to the mating-deficiency defect. Preliminary analysis of behavior suggests that every major step in the wild-type mating pathway has at least one corresponding Cod mutation blocking the behavior, with several mutations blocking at the spicule insertion step. The screen also yielded morphological mutants, whose phenotypes include crumpled spicules, abnormal rays, and a gonad migration defect; some of these will be described elsewhere (Chamberlin &amp; Sternberg; micropublication in preparation).
Mobilization of Blood Stem Cells with G-CSF in Systemic Light-Chain Amyloidosis: Dominant Organ Involvement Significantly Affects Stem Cell Collection. (2006)

Abstract Systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is both a protein deposition disorder and a monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia. Effective treatment depends on reduction of the clonal plasma cells that produce the toxic light chains. Although high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplant (MEL SCT) is effective for AL patients, the mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells with G-CSF can be problematic despite their lack of prior chemotherapy and minimal marrow infiltration with plasma cells. In addition, unusual toxicities of G-CSF mobilization such as hypotension have been noted in AL patients. As new therapies show efficacy in AL, the role of stem cell mobilization and MEL SCT will likely be re-evaluated, increasing the importance of understanding the variability in stem cell mobilization. Recent work has shown that the mechanism of G-CSF mobilization likely involves the sympathetic nervous system (Cell2006;124:407). Interestingly, amyloid is well known to cause autonomic neuropathy. In addition, involvement of the heart in amyloidosis has also been shown to cause cardiac adrenergic denervation. If G-CSF mobilization depends upon the sympathetic nervous system, then the type of organ involvement could predict the yield of stem cell collection in AL patients mobilized with G-CSF. With these concerns in mind, we retrospectively assessed the results of stem cell mobilization and collection in all patients with AL mobilized with G-CSF (6ug/kg bid) for 4 days, with collections beginning on day 5 with a collection target of 10x106 CD34+ cells per kg in up to 4 leukaphereses. At initial evaluation, we assessed patients using standard criteria to identify the dominant organ of involvement (Am J Hematol2005;79:319) and to determine candidacy for risk-adapted MEL SCT (Blood2002;99:4276). Over a 7-year period 105 patients with AL were mobilized and collected as described, including 40 with kidney (K), 21 with liver/GI or soft-tissue (L/GI/ST), 31 with cardiac (H) and 13 with peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement. We recorded the number of leukaphereses per patient and the dose of CD34+ cells/kg collected per leukapheresis. There were no significant differences in the number of leukaphereses per group. The K, L/GI/ST and H groups had a median of 2, and the PNS group of 3, collections. There were significant differences in CD34+ cells/kg collected based on dominant organ involvement: patients with H or PNS involvement had significantly fewer CD34+ cells/kg collected (see figure below; K vs H p=0.03, K vs PNS p=0.02, L/GI/ST vs H p=0.07, L/GI/ST vs PNS p=0.04; two tailed Mann-Whitney). Moreover, 15/44 H+PNS patients failed to collect at least 4x106 CD34+cells/kg compared to 7/61 K+L/GI/ST patients (p&lt;0.01). These observations provide a basis for directed studies of the sympathetic nervous system in AL, particularly in association with stem cell mobilization with G-CSF. Figure Figure
Redox Pioneer: Professor Stuart A. Lipton (2013)

[Figure: see text] Stuart A. Lipton, M.D., Ph.D. is recognized here as a Redox Pioneer because of his publication of four articles that have been cited more than 1000 times, and 96 reports which have been cited more than 100 times. In the redox field, Dr. Lipton is best known for his work on the regulation by S-nitrosylation of the NMDA-subtype of neuronal glutamate receptor, which provided early evidence for in situ regulation of protein activity by S-nitrosylation and a prototypic model of allosteric control by this post-translational modification. Over the past several years, Lipton's group has pioneered the discovery of aberrant protein nitrosylation that may contribute to a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease). In particular, the phenotypic effects of rare genetic mutations may be understood to be enhanced or mimicked by nitrosative (and oxidative) modifications of cysteines and thereby help explain common sporadic forms of disease. Thus, Lipton has contributed in a major way to the understanding that nitrosative stress may result from modifications of specific proteins and may operate in conjunction with genetic mutation to create disease phenotype. Lipton (collaborating with Jonathan S. Stamler) has also employed the concept of targeted S-nitrosylation to produce novel neuroprotective drugs that act at allosteric sites in the NMDA receptor. Lipton has won a number of awards, including the Ernst Jung Prize in Medicine, and is an elected fellow of the AAAS. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19, 757-764.