gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRASH CUSHION FOR NARROW OBJECTS (1983)

A crash cushion designed for narrow objects such as the end of the concrete safety shaped barrier is described. Features of the cushion are as follows: (a) it meets current safety performance standards, (b) it is constructed of readily available materials (steel barrels, thrie beams, steel channels, and steel cables), and (c) it is relatively inexpensive to install and maintain. Also presented in the paper are results of four full-scale vehicle crash tests conducted in accordance with recommended procedures in Transportation Research Circular 191. The crash cushion met the performance standards of the circular and NCHRP Report 230.
Androgen-dependent regulation of Her-2/neu in prostate cancer cells (2006)

10099 Background: The mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence remain poorly understood. Overexpression of Her-2/neu (c-ErbB2) activates the androgen receptor pathway and confers a survival and growth advantage to prostate cancer cells in an androgen-deficient milieu. Methods: Androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was used as a model system in vitro and in vivo. Experiments in mice were undertaken by injecting cells orthotopically into the ventral lobe of the mice prostate. Results: Here, we report that androgen receptor (AR) and Her-2/neu reciprocally regulate each other in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Absence of androgens, AR blockade with Casodex (bicalutamide) or suppression of AR with RNAi induced Her-2/neu protein expression and phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, suppression of Her-2-neu expression resulted in AR upregulation. In contrast, upon re-administration of androgens, Her-2/neu mRNA, protein and phosphorylation levels decreased linearly with increasing concentrations of androgens as LNCaP cells re-entered the cell cycle. Conclusions: Thus, induction and activation of Her-2/neu occurs in an androgen-depleted environment or as a result of AR inactivation, promoting androgen-independent survival of prostate cancer cells. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Novel adjuvant Alum-TLR7 significantly potentiates immune response to glycoconjugate vaccines (2016)

Although glycoconjugate vaccines are generally very efficacious, there is still a need to improve their efficacy, especially in eliciting a strong primary antibody response. We have recently described a new type of vaccine adjuvant based on a TLR7 agonist adsorbed to alum (Alum-TLR7), which is highly efficacious at enhancing immunogenicity of protein based vaccines. Since no adjuvant has been shown to potentiate the immune response to glycoconjugate vaccines in humans, we investigated if Alum-TLR7 is able to improve immunogenicity of this class of vaccines. We found that in a mouse model Alum-TLR7 greatly improved potency of a CRM197-MenC vaccine increasing anti-MenC antibody titers and serum bactericidal activity (SBA) against MenC compared to alum adjuvanted vaccine, especially with a low dose of antigen and already after a single immunization. Alum-TLR7 also drives antibody response towards Th1 isotypes. This adjuvant was also able to increase immunogenicity of all polysaccharides of a multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccine CRM197-MenACWY. Furthermore, we found that Alum-TLR7 increases anti-polysaccharide immune response even in the presence of a prior immune response against the carrier protein. Finally, we demonstrate that Alum-TLR7 adjuvant effect requires a functional TLR7. Taken together, our data support the use of Alum-TLR7 as adjuvant for glycoconjugate vaccines.
Interleaved echo planar flow quantitation (1994)

A method is presented for rapid blood flow quantitation. It combines multiple shot echo planar imaging principles with phase contrast velocity encoding gradients. Preliminary validation experiments performed on a flow phantom indicate a good correlation with actual flow values. Measurements of pulsatile flow in the ascending and descending aorta, acquired in just 4 s, with a temporal resolution of 50 ms, are demonstrated.
Inhibited Ferric Chloride Corrosion Test of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Welds (2014)

Abstract The materials specifier is in need of test methods for acceptance and qualification testing to ensure that the supplied material exhibit desired properties. In the case of duplex stainless steels the ASTM A923 standard is used extensively as a qualification test for duplex grades UNS S32205 and S31803, and superduplex UNS S32750, to detect presence of detrimental intermetallic phases in base material or weldments. In the case of lean duplex stainless steel, ASTM A923 is unsuitable since the lean duplex grades, such as UNS S32101 and S32304, show a very different behavior if they are subjected to inappropriate heat treatment, compared to UNS S32205 and S32750. Recent developments towards creating a new version of ASTM A923 for lean duplex grades have resulted in a standard proposal where the corrosion testing is based on an inhibited ferric chloride solution, 5% FeCl3 + 1% NaNO3 which has been accepted as a standard, ASTM A1084. However, the new standard does not state criteria for welded conditions. The purpose of this work is to investigate the applicability of this inhibited solution on welded lean duplex stainless steel. Lean duplex grade UNS S32101 which has been flux cored arc welded with different filler metals according to recommended welding procedures, will be tested and evaluated according to the new standard. All the welded specimens tested in this study pass the corrosion test acceptance criteria for base metal given in ASTM A1084 Method C. All samples showed a corrosion rate lower than 10 mdd at 25°C, regardless of filler metal with proper post weld cleaning, while the weld metal showed lower values than the acceptance criteria given for the impact toughness for the base material at 70 J at room temperature. Impact toughness depends to a large extent on welding method, welding parameters, filler metal used and weld metallurgy.
The presenilins as potential drug targets in Alzheimer's Disease (1999)

Alzheimers disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder affecting a large proportion of the elderly. Given the increasing life expectancy in developed countries, the generation of new drugs to treat AD represents one of the major challenges for the pharmaceutical industry in the coming decades. Central to the disease is the abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting in the release of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), the major constituent of plaques in the brains of AD patients. Mis-sense mutations causing AD have been found in the APP gene, and more recently in the presenilin genes. Remarkably, all mutations investigated cause an increased production of a particular form of the Aβ that is more prone to precipitation. Presenilins, which are multi-membrane spanning proteins, appear to specifically regulate the production of Aβ by controlling the intramembranous proteolytic cleavage of APP. Inhibition of presenilin is therefore an obvious drug target, although side-effects caused by interference with the processing of other proteins, including notch, have to be considered. © 1999 Ashley Publications Ltd.
Cardiac prognosis of patients with carotid stenosis and no history of coronary artery disease. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group 167. (1994)

Men with carotid stenosis and no history of CAD have a lower rate of cardiac events than men with carotid stenosis who have a history of CAD. However, a subgroup of patients with carotid stenosis and no history of CAD who have coexistent intracranial occlusive disease, diabetes, or peripheral vascular disease have a risk of cardiac events similar to that of patients with a history of CAD.
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: The Case for Diabetic Neurovascular Function as an Essential Component (2006)

Worldwide, diabetes and its complications are major causes of morbidity, decreased quality of life, mortality and increasing health care costs. Patients with diabetes attempt to control blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose levels to decrease their risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Even with control of these risk factors for vascular disease, many patients still develop complications. Targeted therapies to the underlying mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy are essential to slow the progression of the disease. This review describes the signs, symptoms and diagnosis of DPN. Additionally, new therapies and the complex etiology that contributes to the development of diabetic neuropathy are described (oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, advanced glycated end products, autoimmunity, neurotrophic factors and protein kinase C beta).
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Chiral Palladium(II) Complexes for Enantiomeric Purities of 1,2‐Diamines. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IND-Enabling Studies for a Clinical Trial to Genetically Program a Persistent Cancer-Targeted Immune System (2018)

Coadministration of HSCs and T cells expressing an NY-ESO-1 TCR is safe in preclinical models. The results presented in this article led to the FDA approval of IND 17471.
Detecting local semantic concepts in environmental sounds using Markov model based clustering (2010)

Detecting the time of occurrence of an acoustic event (for instance, a cheer) embedded in a longer soundtrack is useful and important for applications such as search and retrieval in consumer video archives. We present a Markov-model based clustering algorithm able to identify and segment consistent sets of temporal frames into regions associated with different ground-truth labels, and simultaneously to exclude a set of uninformative frames shared in common from all clips. The labels are provided at the clip level, so this refinement of the time axis represents a variant of Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL). Evaluation shows that local concepts are effectively detected by this clustering technique based on coarse-scale labels, and that detection performance is significantly better than existing algorithms for classifying real-world consumer recordings.
Characterization of Magnetoliposomes by Analytical Electron Microscopy (2003)

Magnetic particles encapsulated inside liposomes (magnetoliposome, ML) are considered as ideal carriers for drug delivery and targeting [1,2] because liposome consists of phospholipids which are components of the natural cell membrane and provide optimal biocompatibility in view of in vivo application. The size and structure of MLs are generally characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and static magnetic birefringence (SMB). Among these techniques TEM is believed to be the most convincing approach [3]. However, conventional TEM is not capable of recognizing elemental information which would become more critical as nanoparticles become more chemically complex. To fully characterize the ML core-shell structure nanoscale spectroscopy attached to normal TEM is necessary.
Abnormal wavelength dependence of the self-cleaning phenomenon during femtosecond-laser-pulse filamentation (2007)

Through investigating the laser beam patterns at various wavelengths of the filamentation supercontinuum, abnormal wavelength dependence of the beam profile self-cleaning phenomenon is reported. It is founded that only the Stokes light has a nice spatial profile, while the patterns at the anti-Stokes side and the fundamental wavelength are not smooth and regular. Furthermore, by numerical simulations, we propose that the intensity perturbation of the initial beam can be considered as high order spatial modes superpositioning on a fundamental mode. The fundamental mode self-focuses, first producing a single mode profile on the axis. The higher order modes undergo strong diffraction constituting the energy reservoir. That gives rise to the overall ``bad'' spatial properties at the fundamental wavelength. On the other hand, the distortion of the beam patterns at the anti-Stokes side is due mainly to the interaction of the back part of the pulse with the plasma, which gives rise to anti-Stokes shifts. Finally, a possible application of our results to high beam quality tunable Ti: sapphire laser amplification is suggested.
A simple assay to probe disease-associated enzyme activity using glycosaminoglycan-assisted synthesized gold nanoparticles (2008)

A simple assay to probe disease-associated enzyme activity using glycosaminoglycan-assisted synthesized gold nanoparticles is reported.
Abstract 492: Esophageal administration of manganese superoxide dismutase plasmid liposomes (MnSOD-PL) reverses thoracic irradiation sensitivity of nitric oxide synthase one homologous recombinant negative (NOS1 -/-) mouse (2010)

Abstract NOS1 -/- mice are more sensitive to 29 Gy thoracic or 9.5 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) than control C57BL/6NHsd, or NOS2 -/- or NOS3 -/- mice (p &amp;lt; 0.0001 and p = 0.0006). Histological examination of the esophagus, lungs, heart and intestine revealed no explanation of the rapid death of NOS1 -/- mice. Blood and bone marrow isolates six days after TBI (1 day before the NOS1 -/- mouse death) showed similar decrease in blood counts for all the mouse strains. NOS1 -/- mouse marrow irradiated to doses ranging from 0 to 8 Gy showed CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-GEMM radiosensitivity similar to that from control mice. There were also no differences in serum electrolytes, liver or renal function tests in irradiated NOS1 -/- compared to C57BL/6NHsd mice. RNA extracted from esophagus, stomach or intestine at day 0, 1 or 6 following 9.5 total body irradiation showed by qualitative RT-PCR analysis of TNF-σ, NF-κβ, and INF-γ similar cytokine expression between NOS1 -/- and C57BL/6NHsd mice. NOS1 -/- and C57BL/6NHsd mice were irradiated to 9.5 Gy total body or 20 Gy to the thoracic cavity and observed by video camera. NOS1 -/- mice had seizures before death following both TBI or thoracic irradiation, while no seizures were detected in dying C57BL/6NHsd mice. NOS1 -/- mice irradiated to 9.5 Gy to the brain (with the remainder of the body shielded) did not produce death from seizures. NOS1 -/- were intraesophageally administered MnSOD-PL (100 µg plasmid DNA) and irradiated to 20 Gy to the upper body 24 hr later. NOS1 -/- mice administered MnSOD-PL had normalized survival compared to control irradiated NOS1 -/- mice: 50% survival at 12 days for irradiated control NOS1 -/- mice compared to 128 days for MnSOD-PL treated NOS1 -/- mice (p = 0.0311). The data indicate that esophageal neuronal abnormalities which cause pyloric stenosis in the strain may be responsible for both the rapid thoracic irradiation sensitivity leading to seizure and its reversal by intraesophageal MnSOD-PL gene therapy. Supported by NIAID grant U19AI068021, and NIH grant T32AG21885 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 492.
Inhibition of primary colon carcinoma growth and liver metastasis by the A3 adenosine receptor agonist CF101 (2003)

Adenosine is a purine nucleoside that acts as a regulatory molecule by binding to specific G-protein-coupled A1, A(2A), A(2B), and A3 cell surface receptors. We have recently demonstrated that adenosine inhibits tumour cell growth and concomitantly stimulates bone marrow cell proliferation via activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR). In the present study, we show that a synthetic agonist to the A3AR, CF101, at the low nanomolar concentration range, inhibits HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cell growth. This effect was reversed by the selective A3AR antagonist MRS1523, demonstrating the specificity of the response. CF101 (given orally) was efficacious in inhibiting the development of primary tumours in xenograft and syngeneic models in which mice were inoculated subcutaneously with human HCT-116 or murine CT-26 colon carcinoma cells, respectively. Moreover, CF101 suppressed (50%, P<0.01) colon cancer liver metastases in syngeneic mice inoculated to the spleen with CT-26 cells. The mechanism of action entailed upregulation of interleukin-12 production in the CF101-treated groups and potentiation of NK cell activity. In the HCT-116 xenograft model in which a combined therapy of CF101 and 5-fluorouracyl (5-FU) was examined, an additive antitumour effect was demonstrated. Moreover, CF101 prevented the 5-FU-induced myelotoxicity, resulting in normal values of white blood cell and neutrophil counts. We conclude that the A3AR agonist CF101, a small orally bioavailable molecule, exerts systemic anticancer, antimetastatic, and myeloprotective effects in colon carcinoma-bearing mice, and may serve as an adjuvant treatment to enhance the chemotherapeutic index and prevent myelotoxicity.
LensMouse (2010)

We introduce LensMouse, a novel device that embeds a touch-screen display -- or tangible 'lens' -- onto a mouse. Users interact with the display of the mouse using direct touch, whilst also performing regular cursor-based mouse interactions. We demonstrate some of the unique capabili-ties of such a device, in particular for interacting with auxil-iary windows, such as toolbars, palettes, pop-ups and dia-log-boxes. By migrating these windows onto LensMouse, challenges such as screen real-estate use and window man-agement can be alleviated. In a controlled experiment, we evaluate the effectiveness of LensMouse in reducing cursor movements for interacting with auxiliary windows. We also consider the concerns involving the view separation that results from introducing such a display-based device. Our results reveal that overall users are more effective with LenseMouse than with auxiliary application windows that are managed either in single or dual-monitor setups. We conclude by presenting other application scenarios that LensMouse could support.
Hemodynamic Guidelines for Design and Control of a Turbodynamic Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device (2006)

The design of mechanical circulatory support devices typically requires a priori knowledge of the hemodynamic requirements of their intended use. These requirements are difficult to determine because of limited clinical experience. This is especially true for the pediatric population, for whom there is a dearth of longitudinal data. This report aims to provide both engineers and physicians with benchmarks for determining the optimal flow requirements and settings for pediatric ventricular assist devices that are currently being developed. Criteria were developed on the basis of estimates derived from various sources. The potential patient population was estimated by using the prevalence of children on the heart transplant waiting list and those placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Cardiac outputs were determined for individual weights and body surface areas, using published values for healthy and sick pediatric patients. The recommended pump range was optimized to include the most patients, while considering the design constraints. This study identifies a significant population of patients who would benefit from a device providing 0.52 to 1.92 l/min.
<title>VISTAnet: radiation therapy treatment planning through rapid dose calculation and interactive 3D volume visualization</title> (1994)

VISTAnet, an experimental gigabit network test bed, ties together a CRAY Y-MP, the Pixel-Planes 5 graphics engine, and an SGI host machine to create a metacomputer capable of real-time radiation therapy dose calculation and display. We report on the methods used to manipulate and examine the 3D radiation dose distribution, with emphasis on the visualization, which uses a parallel, interactive, multimodal renderer implemented on Pixel- Places 5. The real-time display is designed to facilitate comprehension of spatial relationships among the geometrically complex anatomy and radiation dose structures that characterize a 3D radiation treatment scenario. The currently ongoing clinical evaluation of VISTAnet has already yielded encouraging results.
Chemically robust microfluidic devices for radiochemistry platforms (2006)

We report the fabrication of solvent-compatible microfluidic devices based on Liquidia Technologies’ Fluorocur TM materials. The materials are highly fluorinated functionalized perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) that have liquid-like viscosities that can be cured into highly durable elastomers that exhibit the remarkable chemical resistance of fluoropolymers such as Teflon TM . Unlike Teflon, these materials posses similar mechanical and optical properties to Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). PDMS elastomers have become the material of choice for many recent microfluidic device applications. Despite the advantages of PDMS in relation to microfluidics technology, the material suffers from a serious drawback in that it swells in most organic solvents and reacts with acids, bases, and nucleophiles. Multilayer Fluorocur microfluidic devices containing airactuated pneumatic valves were fabricated using multifunctional materials. Very strong adhesion capable of holding up to 60 psi without delamination was obtained. Device fabrication and valve actuation were accomplished using established procedures for PDMS devices. Fluorocur devices were used in the synthesis of radiolabelled biomarkers for positron emission tomography (PET) and compared to PDMS chips. Devices made from Fluorocur far outperformed device made from PDMS in terms of solvent and chemical compatibility. Microfluidic synthesis of PET biomarkers greatly reduces the synthesis time and volumes of material needed in traditional synthesis boxes.
Measurement of the top-quark mass using a leptonic invariant mass in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A bstract A measurement of the top-quark mass ( m t ) in the $$ t\overline{t} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> → lepton + jets channel is presented, with an experimental technique which exploits semileptonic decays of b -hadrons produced in the top-quark decay chain. The distribution of the invariant mass m ℓμ of the lepton, ℓ (with ℓ = e, μ ), from the W -boson decay and the muon, μ , originating from the b -hadron decay is reconstructed, and a binned-template profile likelihood fit is performed to extract m t . The measurement is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb − 1 of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV pp collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. The measured value of the top-quark mass is m t = 174 . 41 ± 0 . 39 (stat.) ± 0 . 66 (syst.) ± 0 . 25 (recoil) GeV, where the third uncertainty arises from changing the P ythia 8 parton shower gluon-recoil scheme, used in top-quark decays, to a recently developed setup.
Developing Ultrafine Grain Sizes Using Severe Plastic Deformation (2001)

Severe plastic deformation may be used as a processing tool to achieve a refinement in grain size in metallic alloys to the submicrometer or nanometer range. This paper describes recent developments using the procedure of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) in which samples are pressed through a die containing a channel bent into an L-shaped configuration. The shearing associated with passage through the die introduces bands of subgrains which evolve, with additional pressings, into arrays of grains separated by boundaries having high angles of misorientation. The process of ECAP is a useful tool for both increasing the strength and toughness of an alloy at ambient temperatures and achieving a potential for superplastic forming of the alloy at rapid strain rates at elevated temperatures.