gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview and development of EDA tools for integration of DSA into patterning solutions (2017)

Directed Self-Assembly is the method by which a self-assembly polymer is forced to follow a desired geometry defined or influenced by a guiding pattern. Such guiding pattern uses surface potentials, confinement or both to achieve polymer configurations that result in circuit-relevant topologies, which can be patterned onto a substrate. Chemo, and grapho epitaxy of lines and space structures are now routinely inspected at full wafer level to understand the defectivity limits of the materials and their maximum resolution. In the same manner, there is a deeper understanding about the formation of cylinders using grapho-epitaxy processes. Academia has also contributed by developing methods that help reduce the number of masks in advanced nodes by “combining” DSA-compatible groups, thus reducing the total cost of the process. From the point of view of EDA, new tools are required when a technology is adopted, and most technologies are adopted when they show a clear cost-benefit over alternative techniques. In addition, years of EDA development have led to the creation of very flexible toolkits that permit rapid prototyping and evaluation of new process alternatives. With the development of high-chi materials, and by moving away of the well characterized PS-PMMA systems, as well as novel integrations in the substrates that work in tandem with diblock copolymer systems, it is necessary to assess any new requirements that may or may not need custom tools to support such processes. Hybrid DSA processes (which contain both chemo and grapho elements), are currently being investigated as possible contenders for sub-5nm process techniques. Because such processes permit the re-distribution of discontinuities in the regular arrays between the substrate and a cut operation, they have the potential to extend the number of applications for DSA. This paper illustrates the reason as to why some DSA processes can be supported by existing rules and technology, while other processes require the development of highly customized correction tools and models. It also illustrates how developing DSA cannot be done in isolation, and it requires the full collaboration of EDA, Material’s suppliers, Manufacturing equipment, Metrology, and electronic manufacturers.
Separation of lipoxygenase and the major soybean proteins using aqueous two-phase extraction and poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation systems (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSeparation of lipoxygenase and the major soybean proteins using aqueous two-phase extraction and poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation systemsKenneth D. ColeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 2, 334–340Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00026a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00026a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium‐Mediated Organic Synthesis: The Introduction of 1,1‐ Dimethylallyl and Linalyl Groups on to Arenes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Terahertz frequency mode-locking of monolithic compound-cavity laser diodes incorporating photonic-bandgap reflectors (2004)

Semiconductor lasers are modelocked at a harmonic of the round-trip frequency with pulse repetition rates up to 2.1 THz. The devices incorporate a monolithic compound cavity with a photonic-bandgap reflector. Possible applications include local oscillators and optical clocks.
Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Additions of Alkyl Zinc Reagents to UnsaturatedN‐Acyloxazolidinones Promoted by a Chiral Triamide Phosphane (2003)

Ein chirales Triamidophosphan vermittelt die hoch effiziente und enantioselektive Cu-katalysierte konjugate Addition von Zinkalkylen an ungesättigte Oxazolidinone (siehe Schema). Die entstehenden chiralen β-Alkyloxazolidinone werden leicht in synthetisch wertvolle Carbonylverbindungen überführt, die durch alternative katalytische Methoden nicht zugänglich sind. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z50699_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Laser thermal therapy monitoring using complex differential variance in optical coherence tomography (2016)

Conventional thermal therapy monitoring techniques based on temperature are often invasive, limited by point sampling, and are indirect measures of tissue injury, while techniques such as magnetic resonance and ultrasound thermometry are limited by their spatial resolution. The visualization of the thermal coagulation zone at high spatial resolution is particularly critical to the precise delivery of thermal energy to epithelial lesions. In this work, an integrated thulium laser thermal therapy monitoring system was developed based on complex differential variance (CDV), which enables the 2D visualization of the dynamics of the thermal coagulation process at high spatial and temporal resolution with an optical frequency domain imaging system. With proper calibration to correct for noise, the CDV-based technique was shown to accurately delineate the thermal coagulation zone, which is marked by the transition from high CDV upon heating to a significantly reduced CDV once the tissue is coagulated, in 3 different tissue types ex vivo: skin, retina, and esophagus. The ability to delineate thermal lesions in multiple tissue types at high resolution opens up the possibility of performing microscopic image-guided procedures in a vast array of epithelial applications ranging from dermatology, ophthalmology, to gastroenterology and beyond.
Design of a spintronic arithmetic and logic unit using magnetic tunnel junctions (2008)

Conventional electronics technology uses an electron's charge to store information and a current of electrons to transfer information. Spintronics technology, in contrast, uses an electron's 'spin' in addition to its charge to transfer and store information. Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJ) are spintronic devices that exhibit two distinct resistance states due to the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect. Their properties can provide significant advantages over conventional electronics in the design of computer systems. We characterize some of the challenges in using spintronic technology in large systems, and describe a novel design technique called 'union with neutralization' to combine individual component designs into multi-functional units. We use this technique to present the design of an arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) using 20 MTJs and two CMOS-based sense amplifiers. The spintronics-based ALU has the potential to offer considerable area, timing, and power advantages over a conventional CMOS-based ALU.
Increased Stathmin1 Expression in the Dentate Gyrus of Mice Causes Abnormal Axonal Arborizations (2010)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is involved in multiple brain functions. To clarify the cause of abnormal behavior in PACAP deficient-mice, we attempted the identification of genes whose expression was altered in the dentate gyrus of PACAP-deficient mice using the differential display method. Expression of stathmin1 was up-regulated in the dentate gyrus at both the mRNA and protein levels. PACAP stimulation inhibited stathmin1 expression in PC12 cells, while increased stathmin1expression in neurons of the subgranular zone and in primary cultured hippocampal neurons induced abnormal arborization of axons. We also investigated the pathways involved in PACAP deficiency. Ascl1 binds to E10 box of the stathmin1 promoter and increases stathmin1 expression. Inhibitory bHLH proteins (Hes1 and Id3) were rapidly up-regulated by PACAP stimulation, and Hes1 could suppress Ascl1 expression and Id3 could inhibit Ascl1 signaling. We also detected an increase of stathmin1 expression in the brains of schizophrenic patients. These results suggest that up-regulation of stathmin1 in the dentate gyrus, secondary to PACAP deficiency, may create abnormal neuronal circuits that cause abnormal behavior.
Dimeric Corrole Analogs of Chlorophyll Special Pairs (2021)

Chlorophyll special pairs in photosynthetic reaction centers function as both exciton acceptors and primary electron donors. Although the macrocyclic natural pigments contain Mg(II), the central metal in most synthetic analogs is Zn(II). Here we report that insertion of either Al(III) or Ga(III) into an imidazole-substituted corrole affords an exceptionally robust photoactive dimer. Notably, attractive electronic interactions between dimer subunits are relatively strong, as documented by signature changes in NMR and electronic absorption spectra, as well as by cyclic voltammetry, where two well-separated reversible redox couples were observed. EPR spectra of one-electron oxidized dimers closely mimic those of native special pairs, and strong through-space interactions between corrole subunits inferred from spectroscopic and electrochemical data are further supported by crystal structure analyses (3 Å interplanar distances, 5 Å lateral shifts, and 6 Å metal to metal distances).
47 Using Natriuretic Peptide Levels to Diagnose Heart Failure in Primary Care: An Evaluation of the 2010 United Kingdom National Institute of Clinical Excellence Guidelines on the Diagnosis of Chronic Heart Failure (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic heart failure (HF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is common and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The 2010 UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline (CG-108) advises the measurement of natriuretic peptides (NP) in patients presenting to primary care with symptoms possibly due to HF without previous myocardial infarction (MI); with elevated concentrations triggering referral to a HF clinic. The aim of this study was to describe the results of implementation of the 2010 NP-based diagnostic guidelines for HF. <h3>Methods</h3> We prospectively collected demographic data from all patients in Leeds who underwent an NP test between 1<sup>st</sup> May 2012 and 1<sup>st</sup> May 2013. In those referred to the Leeds Integrated HF Service we collected clinical variables, electrocardiography and echocardiography data. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 4415 NT-pro-B-type NP tests performed in the twelve months to May 1<sup>st</sup> 2013, 543 (12%) returned a ‘high’ result (&gt;2000 ng/L), and 1067 (24%) an ‘intermediate’ result (400–2000 ng/L). Of 1610 patients with an elevated result and no previous MI, 820 (51%) were referred to secondary care. Patients with a previous MI or a ‘high’ result were more likely to have LVSD (83/173, 48% and 131/245, 53% respectively), than those with ‘intermediate’ concentrations (112/447, 25%). Overall, the yield from 4263 NP tests (in patients without a previous MI) was 243 new diagnoses of LVSD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Comprehensive implementation of the 2010 NICE guidelines for the diagnosis and management of HF has led to a large number of NT-pro-BNP tests and few new diagnoses.
Performance Enhancement of Co‐Based Alloy Tool for Friction Stir Welding of Ferritic Steel (2015)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedures Results and Discussion Summary Acknowledgements
Scintillation Properties of (Lu,Y)AlO3 Doped with Nd (2018)

Lu,Y)AlO 3 crystals doped with different concentrations of Nd were synthesized by the floating-zone (FZ) method to evaluate their scintillation properties, particularly in the nearinfrared (NIR) range. Under X-ray irradiation, scintillation due to the 4 F 3/2 4 I 11/2 transition of Nd 3+ was observed at 1064 nm. The scintillation decay time profile was approximated by an exponential decay function, and the obtained value varied from 2-3 to 150 s depending on the concentration of Nd 3+ .
Use of ATR-FTIR for control of batch crystallization (2002)

Growth and study of α-SiO2, AlPO4, GaPO4 and α-GeO2 single crystals with quartz structure are realized.Comparison of the crystal growth conditions (influence of solvents, T-P parameters, seed sizes and orientations, etc.), crystal quality (controlled by Polarized microscopy, IR-spectroscopy, X-ray topography, etc.), and piezoelectric properties in this material family have allowed to allocate and explain the main features on chemical side of hydrothermal crystal growth and physical properties of grown crystals.By this way during last years growth conditions were optimized and new growing solutions for α -quartz homeotype crystals were found.More interesting results, as some piezoelectric properties of GaPO4 and α-GeO2, such are coupling coefficient and piezoelectric constants, were observed to be higher then the α-quartz one.The study and development of new techniques of hydrothermal crystal growth for GaPO4 and α-GeO2 single crystals open opportunities for the synthesis of new α-quartz homeotype crystals with optimum properties for application in piezo-engineering.
A Comparison of Model Predictive Control Schemes for MV Induction Motor Drives (2012)

In medium-voltage (MV) drives, the switching frequency is limited to a few hundred Hz, for which high-performance control and modulation schemes are necessary to maintain acceptable current and torque distortion. Forced machine current control (FMCC) is a predictive control strategy for MV drives which was proposed in the early 1980s, which can be formulated for either torque or current control. Recently, model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) and model predictive direct current control (MPDCC) have been developed, sharing with FMCC the use of hysteresis bounds, switching and prediction horizons. However, the relative performances of these schemes are yet to be compared. Through simulation, this paper compares the schemes across a range of operating points. It is shown that the steady-state performance of MPDxC and FMCC is similar when the switching horizon of MPDxC is limited. However, when the switching horizon is extended, the performance of MPDxC is shown to be superior to FMCC, the horizon of which is inherently restricted.
Distribution and Characterization of Specific Cellular Binding Proteins for Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. (1996)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which were originally identified by their novel ability to induce de novo cartilage and bone formation in vivo, are multifunctional proteins structurally related to transforming growth facto-beta s, activins, and inhibins. As a first step to elucidate the precise physiological function as well as the action mechanism of BMPs, we have examined the distribution of the specific cellular binding proteins for BMP-2 on a wide variety of cell types. A single class of high affinity-specific binding sites for BMP-2 were identified not only on osteoblastic cells but also on major types of non-hematopoietic cells in a rather ubiquitous fashion (1,200-60,000 receptors/cell, Kd = 35-230 pM); these cells included fibroblasts, keratinocytes, astrocytes, kidney epithelial cells, and tumor cells of bone, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, stomach, colon, prostate, and neuronal tissue. Other growth factors including transforming growth factor-beta 1, activin A, and inhibin A did not compete for the binding of 125I-labeled BMP-2 to the cells. Affinity cross-linking of radiolabeled BMP showed five components with apparent molecular masses of 170, 105, 90, 80, and 70 kDa common to all three fibroblast cell lines analyzed. On the other hand, no specific binding sites for BMP-2 were identified on vascular endothelial cells or on hematopoietic cells including RPMI 1788 and RPMI 8226 (B-lymphocyte lineage), MOLT-3 and MOLT-4 (T-lymphocyte lineage), HL-60 (myeloid lineage), and K-562 (erythroid lineage). These results suggest that major types of cells other than hematopoietic cells and vascular endothelial cells may be potential targets for BMP-2 action.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Agonist Regulates Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Adipocytes Through Activation of HO-1-pAKT Signaling and a Decrease in PPARγ (2010)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressed substantial levels of CYP2J2, a major CYP450 involved in epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) formation. MSCs synthesized significant levels of EETs (65.8 ± 5.8 pg/mg protein) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) (15.83 ± 1.62 pg/mg protein), suggesting the presence of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The addition of an sEH inhibitor to MSC culture decreased adipogenesis. EETs decreased MSC-derived adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, 8,9- and 14,15-EET having the maximum reductive effect on adipogenesis. We examined the effect of 12-(3-hexylureido)dodec-8(Z)-enoic acid, an EET agonist, on MSC-derived adipocytes and demonstrated an increased number of healthy small adipocytes, attenuated fatty acid synthase (FAS) levels (P < 0.01), and reduced PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, and lipid accumulation (P < 0.05). These effects were accompanied by increased levels of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and adiponectin (P < 0.05), and increased glucose uptake (P < 0.05). Inhibition of HO activity or AKT by tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP) and LY2940002, respectively, reversed EET-induced inhibition of adipogenesis, suggesting that activation of the HO-1-adiponectin axis underlies EET effect in MSCs. These findings indicate that EETs decrease MSC-derived adipocyte stem cell differentiation by upregulation of HO-1-adiponectin-AKT signaling and play essential roles in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FAS and in stem cell development. These novel observations highlight the seminal role of arachidonic acid metabolism in MSCs and suggest that an EET agonist may have potential therapeutic use in the treatment of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Pyrrolopyridylimidazolinones (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bismuth dimercaptopropanol (BisBAL) inhibits formation of multispecies wastewater flocs (2011)

BisBAL was shown to be highly effective against multispecies microbial aggregation. Novel bismuth-based biocides could also be potentially employed to control excess sludge production in wastewater treatment systems by inhibiting EPS expression.
Integration of Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Modular Open System Approach using DevSecOps with Agile Software Methods (2020)

One of the most significant barriers to adoption of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) (Ref. 1) and the Modular Open System Approach (MOSA) (Ref. 2) is a cost-effective and commonly understood process that combines the best of both. Such a process must earn its way as a replacement for traditional processes used for the development of embedded software. Most, if not all, developers of embedded flight software have development processes that have evolved over many years. This creates a situation in which the one-time expense of conversion to a new process can be cost prohibitive. As such, adoption of MBSE has been limited and compliance with the intent of MOSA statutory and regulatory requirements has been mainly conformance to an open standard. Systems can be built that are modular but not open. Modularity can be a desirable design objective for quality systems engineering (such as the separation of concerns or encapsulation of functionality) apart from the open systems qualities of portability, reusability, maintainability, and so forth. This results in adoption of closed practices in the use of modeling technology that can be (and often are) done in a monolithic way without regard to the many different tools used in a multi-vendor environment. This paper presents an outline and structure to avoid such pitfalls.
Digital Coherent Superposition for Performance Improvement of Spatially Multiplexed 676-Gb/s OFDM-16QAM Superchannels (2012)

We demonstrate the use of digital coherent superposition to improve the performance of space-division-multiplexed (SDM) 676-Gb/s OFDM-16QAM superchannels, achieving ~4 dB improvement in OSNR by using two SDM copies and 1075-km (14x76.8km) transmission over a seven-core-fiber with an effective aggregate spectral efficiency of 23.7 b/s/Hz.