gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable differential-group-delay module without second-order PMD (2002)

We propose a design for a variable differential-group-delay (DGD), formed by concatenation of four identical fixed DGD segments. Due to the symmetry involved, it produces zero second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD). The generated third-order PMD is half the value of the conventional two-segment concatenation for variable DGD.
Whole genome tiling-resolution array CGH identifies distinct DNA amplifications under vincristine selection of ovarian cancer cells (2005)

4143 Not all patients respond to chemotherapy. Unresponsive cells within a heterogeneous tumor mass may clonally expand and result in tumor recurrence/progression. Gene amplification has previously been described as playing a role in conferring drug resistance. Identification of gene copy number alterations in drug-resistant cells will enhance our understanding of drug resistance mechanisms and will identify novel therapeutic targets. Objective: To generate comprehensive whole genome profiles for an ovarian carcinoma cell line (SKOV3) and its vincristine-resistant derivatives (SKVCRs) so as to identify novel genes impacting drug response. This will be accomplished through use of a Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) array comprised of overlapping Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) that span the entire human genome. Experimental Design: SKVCR cell lines were derived by growing SKOV3 cells in the presence of vincristine, with different levels of resistance obtained by serial passages of cells at increasing drug concentrations. Each SKVCR line was maintained and sub-cultured at the same drug concentration until doubling time was ≤48h. SKOV3 and SKVCRs were analyzed by tiling-set array CGH. Emerging drug resistance genomic alterations in the SKVCRs were identified by comparison against the SKOV3 genomic profile. Briefly, cell line was labelled and compared against a differentially labelled reference DNA sample by co-hybridization to the array. After imaging analysis, signal intensity ratios for each BAC clone were plotted against chromosomal location to reveal amplifications and deletions across the whole genome. DNA copy alterations were verified with fluorescence in situ hybridization. RNA was extracted from SKOV3 and all SKVCRs for gene expression analysis using reverse-transcriptase PCR and the U133 Plus 2.0 Array from Affymetrix. Gene expression data were correlated with tiling-set array CGH data to confirm their significance. Results: Alignment of whole genome array CGH profiles for SKOV3 and SKVCRs revealed distinct regional amplifications in response to drug selection and allowed the fine-mapping of DNA copy alterations at various loci. These include both previously characterized changes, such as amplification of the P-glycoprotein gene (MDR1 or ABCB1) and other ABC transporter genes, and novel DNA copy number gains and losses. Gene expression analysis demonstrated concurrent changes in expression for those genes identified by tiling-set array CGH. Conclusion: Increasing amplification and over-expression of MDR1 and other ABC transporters that drive drug resistance is observed across the SKVCRs. In addition, we identified novel genomic alterations that emerge with increasing drug selection. Functional analysis of those genes implicated by the tiling-set platform will follow.This work was supported by funds from Genome Canada/BC.
The Probability of a Cyclical Majority (1970)

Consider a committee or society attempting to order the alternatives (X_1, X_2, X_3) by use of majority rule. Each individual is assumed to have a strong (called a profile) on the alternatives. Indifference is not a property of the profiles. The committee is said to prefer X_i to X_j, denoted X_iCX_j if X_i is preferred to X_j on a majority of the individual profiles. It is well known that if certain individual profiles are chosen, the resulting social ordering may be cyclical, i.e., X_iCX_j, X_jCX_k, X_kCX_i. Such a result is called a cycle.
Discoloration of Alumina Ceramics with Ultraviolet Radiation and Elucidation of Its Mechanism (1993)

Discoloration in sintered alumina ceramics from colorless to brownish yellow by ultraviolet radiation was found and its mechanism was examined. UV-induced optical absorption bands were observed around 330 and 480nm. An intense red luminescence peak appeared around 650-690nm upon exciting UV region, and intensity of the luminescence band decreased with duration of UV-illumination time. ESR hyperfine structures of a 55Mn2+ appearing in the spectrum of the specimen before illumination disappeared after UV-illumination. It is concluded that the discoloration is attributed to photochemical conversion of Mn2+ to Mn3+ by the following reaction: Mn2++Fe3+=Mn3++Fe2+. Here, Mn and Fe are contained in the specimen as trace impurities (in Referceram concentrations of Mn and Fe are 3ppm and 80ppm, respectively). Extinction coefficients of visible bands in Mn3+ are larger by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude than those of Mn2+. Therefore, the key species of the solarization of alumina is considered to be trace impurity of Mn2+.
Direct effects of the selective CYP17 lyase (L) inhibitor, VT-464, on the androgen receptor (AR) and its oral activity in an F876L tumor mouse xenograft model. (2015)

263 Background: MDV3100 inhibits binding of androgens to AR and abiraterone is known to block androgen production through CYP17 inhibition; both are effective treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC, yet cross-resistance to both agents is problematic. The AR mutations F876L and T877A increase resistance to MDV3100 (M) or abiraterone (A), respectively. A regimen resistance is likely mediated through T877A activation by stimulatory progesterone (P4), pregnenolone (P5), or prednisone. The oral, non-steroidal L-inhibitor, VT-464, in phase 2 CRPC studies without prednisone coadministration, does not increase P4 or P5. Methods: The effects of VT-464, A, and M on AR transcription activity and cell proliferation were assessed and compared using reporter assays, and their oral effects in an M-resistant (F876L) human tumor mouse model were also assessed. Results: VT-464 competitively antagonized (Schild analysis) wild-type AR (IC50 =18 µM) and its potency was not decreased by AR overexpression (VCaP IC50=7.4μM). VT-464 fully antagonized AR T877A (IC50=0.52 μM) and inhibited LNCaP cell (AR T877A mutation) proliferation (IC50=0.70 μM) with potency similar to M. In contrast to M, VT-464 fully inhibited F876L (IC50=2.5 μM). VT-464 did not activate any AR forms up to the highest concentration tested (60 μM). In vivo, greater F876L tumor inhibition was observed with oral VT-464 compared to oral M or abiraterone acetate. Conclusions: VT-464 more potently antagonized mutated AR forms associated with A or M resistance than wild-type; AR antagonism contributed to xenograft activity and appears relevant to its clinical pharmacology. Due to its high L inhibition selectivity and potent mutant AR antagonist activity, VT-464 has a suitable profile for the treatment of early- or late-stage CRPC patients. VT-464 has advanced into phase 2 studies funded by Innocrin (NCT#02012920), the NCI (NCT02130700), and PCF in M- and A-resistant populations.
<title>Ellipsoid scan: chest cone-beam CT with a large ellipsoidal view field using a 16-in. x-ray image intensifier</title> (1997)

We propose a cone-beam computed tomography (CT) system that has a large field of view and high image quality, and that can be applied to the chest imaging. This system uses a 16- inch x-ray image intensifier and a television camera. To enlarge the field of view, an ellipsoid-scan sequence is used, which requires the subject to be moved parallel to the transaxial plane during scanning. The contrast resolution is increased by applying a television camera with high sensitivity and non-linear efficiency. We tested this system using a stationary apparatus, and obtained an isotropic 3D image of a chest phantom which had 0.64 mm voxels and covered both lungs. This system attained better spatial resolution for coronal images and its contrast resolution in the transaxial images was only 3 to 7 times larger than conventional spiral-scan CT at the same x-ray dose. This system is promising for ling cancer screening, precise diagnosis and surgery.
Advances in Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing for Monitoring Marine Infrastructure, Measuring the Deep Ocean, and Quantifying the Risks Posed by Seafloor Hazards (2018)

Abstract Distributed optical fiber sensors provide new opportunities for monitoring the marine environment. We review the physical foundations of this sensor technology and discuss how it can be applied to radically augment the networks of subsea sensors that help monitor fundamental marine processes and to complete our understanding of local, regional, and global interactions in this environment.
On binary constructions of quantum codes (2003)

Recently, Steane (1998) proposed an enlargement of the Calderbank-Shor-Steane construction. Here we further improve on the parameters obtained from his construction, present examples of new codes, and analyze asymptotical non-constructive bounds.
Biosensors Based on Different CDHs for Catecholamines and Lactose (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The miR-17/92 Polycistron Is Up-regulated in Sonic Hedgehog–Driven Medulloblastomas and Induced by N-myc in Sonic Hedgehog–Treated Cerebellar Neural Precursors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from The miR-17/92 Polycistron Is Up-regulated in Sonic Hedgehog–Driven Medulloblastomas and Induced by N-myc in Sonic Hedgehog–Treated Cerebellar Neural Precursors
Reply to Tran et al.: Dimeric KRAS protein–protein interaction stabilizers (2020)

We thank Tran et al. (1) for their appreciation of our open innovation platform (https://opnme.com/) and interest in our manuscript (2) in which we demonstrate that the small-molecule KRAS inhibitor BI-2852 reduces pERK (EC50 = 6 µM) and inhibits proliferation (EC50 = 7 µM) in NCI-H358 cells. Tran et al. (1) propose that BI-2852 exerts its cellular effects on the MAPK pathway at least in part through stabilization of a nonfunctional KRAS dimer. No cellular data for KRAS dimer induction are provided and the hypothesis is primarily based on KRAS dimer formation observed with size exclusion chromatography using concentrations 1,000 times higher (3 mM) than those in which the cellular effects of BI-2852 are observed. Hence, inhibiting the protein–protein interactions between KRAS and its GEFs, GAPs, and downstream effectors is a more plausible explanation than … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: darryl.mcconnell{at}boehringer-ingelheim.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Effect of Yeast Fermented Brown Rice Flour Substitution on Nutritional, Rheological and Textural Properties of Steamed Brown Rice Bread (2017)

The current study investigated effect of fermented brown rice (Oryza sativa) flour (FBRF) at moderate acidity (pH 5.5) on the nutritional, rheological and textural properties of steamed brown rice bread (SBRB). Brown rice flour was substituted with 40% FBRF and its batter and steamed bread characteristics were evaluated. The results revealed that incorporation of 40% FBRF decreased breakdown, setback and final viscosity of brown rice flour, while its peak viscosity significantly increased. The batter system containing 40% FBRF had softer structure than the control, which was reflected by lower storage module (G′) and loss module (G″). Furthermore, the crumb texture of its bread was also significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improved, since it had higher chewiness, cohesiveness and springiness, as well as higher specific volume than the control. Incorporation of 40% FBRF significantly increased protein, zinc, nicotinic acid and pyridoxine contents of SBRB. However, its content of antioxidant activity, total γ‐oryzanol and phytic acid significantly decreased. This investigation approved that FBRF can be used as a valuable ingredient to modify technological and nutritional properties of steamed brown rice bread.
ChemInform Abstract: FRAKTIONIERUNG VON TRITIIERTEM WASSER IN EINIGEN HYDRATISIERTEN CHLORIDEN (1973)

Abstract Die Abtrennung von HTO bei der Kristallisation der Chloride CoCl 2 · 6 H 2 O, SrC12°C 6 H 2 O und BaC12°C 2 H 2 O aus ihren wäßrigen Lösungen wird durch DTA und TGA untersucht.
Optimal Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) in Multicellular OFDMA System (2008)

This paper provides analysis of the inter cell interference coordination problem in multicell OFDMA systems. In order to reduce the interference without losing much frequency resources in each cell, cell users are partitioned into two classes, namely interior and exterior users. Frequency resources are universally used in all interior cells' areas whereas users of exterior zones have a frequency reuse factor strictly higher than 1. In this paper, we determine the optimal frequency reuse factor of the exterior users as well as the bandwidth to assign to both interior and exterior zones. The resource management and interference coordination are jointly formulated as an optimization problem. Results depicted in this paper allow determining the optimal configuration of the interior and exterior regions' dimensions as well as the optimal frequency reuse factor.
Pressure sensitivity of Rayleigh and Sezawa wave in ZnO/Si[001] structures (2004)

In this study we investigate the pressure effect on the guided waves in ZnO/Si[001] structures. Our experimental results reveal a strong dependence of the pressure sensitivities on the depth penetration of the waves. This dependence is explained by studying the effect of layer thickness and wavelength on the pressure sensitivity of Sezawa and Rayleigh wave. The measured results shows that strain compensation can be achieved in ZnO/Si structure. A theoretical results obtained by considering strain effect in silicon substrate alone are compared with measurements and show a good agreement in the case of Sezawa wave. Concerning the Rayleigh wave, the ZnO film effect should be taken in consideration in theoretical formulation.
Substituent Effects on the Rate of Acid-catalysed Epimerization of Indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidines (1999)

10-Substituted indolo[2,3-alquinolizidine derivatives were prepared to study the effect of substituents on the epimerization rate.Under the conditions employed, electron withdrawing substituents hindered epimerization and electron donating substituents accelerated it.xlysed C-3 epimerizationl has played an important role in indole alkaloid chemistry.It was used in the 1950's as a tool in the structure elucidation of reserpine ( I ) .~ Woodward et al. utilized ingeniously the epimerization reaction as the key step in connection with the first total synthesis of re~erpine.'.~Further synthetic use of the epimerization reaction has been reported.As a representative example, Rapoport and co-workers4 applied it to obtain an important intermediate for the synthesis of the pharmacologically important indole alkaloid vincamine.Recently, Lounasmaa et a1.' utilized the same tool in the preparation of key intermediates for tacamine-type alkaloids.These various compounds exhibit very different epimerization behaviour: reserpine (I), when refluxed in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), epimerizes within minute^,^ whereas indolo[2,3-alquinolizidines, which do not contain substituents in the
The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo (2008)

Molecular evidence indicates that the last common ancestor of the genus Pan and the hominin clade existed between 8 and 4 million years ago (Ma). The current fossil record indicates the Pan-Homo last common ancestor existed at least 5 Ma and most likely between 6 and 7 Ma. Together, the molecular and fossil evidence has important consequences for interpreting the evolutionary history of the hand within the tribe Hominini (hominins). Firstly, parsimony supports the hypothesis that the hand of the last common ancestor most likely resembled that of an extant great ape overall (Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo), and that of an African ape in particular. Second, it provides a context for interpreting the derived changes to the hand that have evolved in various hominins. For example, the Australopithecus afarensis hand is likely derived in comparison with that of the Pan-Homo last common ancestor in having shorter fingers relative to thumb length and more proximo-distally oriented joints between its capitate, second metacarpal, and trapezium. This evidence suggests that these derived features evolved prior to the intensification of stone tool-related hominin behaviors beginning around 2.5 Ma. However, a majority of primitive features most likely present in the Pan-Homo last common ancestor are retained in the hands of Australopithecus, Paranthropus/early Homo, and Homo floresiensis. This evidence suggests that further derived changes to the hands of other hominins such as modern humans and Neandertals did not evolve until after 2.5 Ma and possibly even later than 1.5 Ma, which is currently the earliest evidence of Acheulian technology. The derived hands of modern humans and Neandertals may indicate a morphological commitment to tool-related manipulative behaviors beyond that observed in other hominins, including those (e.g. H. floresiensis) which may be descended from earlier tool-making species.
Nonlinearity studies in soft tissues with the supersonic shear imaging system (2005)

The ultrafast scanner has been shown to be a powerful tool to detect shear wave propagation within soft tissues in transient elastography experiments. More recently it was also used to generate shear waves thanks to the acoustic radiation pressure. This technique, the supersonic shear imaging, can easily be implemented in an acoustoelasticity experiment. Thus the association of static elastography with dynamic elastography can reveal the nonlinear properties of soft materials. Moreover, using a new theoretical approach of the strain energy in soft solid (Hamilton et al. (2003)), it is shown that the acoustoelasticity experiment can be greatly simplified. Instead of measuring shear wave speed for three different polarizations in order to completely determine the nonlinearity of standard solids, one is sufficient in soft solids to characterize the nonlinear shear elasticity.
Acetylenedicarbonyl fluoride. II. Its reaction with arylamines to yield isomaleimides, maleimides, and .alpha.-phenylimino- and .alpha.-phenylaminofuramides (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetylenedicarbonyl fluoride. II. Its reaction with arylamines to yield isomaleimides, maleimides, and .alpha.-phenylimino- and .alpha.-phenylaminofuramidesF. E. HerkesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 4, 423–428Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00892a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00892a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development and Implementation of a Multi-Disciplinary Technology Enhanced Care Pathway for Youth and Adults with Concussion (2019)

The evidence-informed standardization of care along disease lines is recommended to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. The aim of this project is to 1) describe the development and implementation of the Concussion Carepath, 2) demonstrate the process of integrating technology in the form of a mobile application to enable the carepath and guide clinical decision-making, and 3) present data on the utility of the C3 app in facilitating decision-making throughout the injury recovery process. A multi-disciplinary team of experts in concussion care was formed to develop an evidence-informed algorithm, outlining best practices for the clinical management of concussion along three phases of recovery – acute, subacute, and post-concussive. A custom mobile application, the Cleveland Clinic Concussion (C3) app was developed and validated to provide a platform for the systematic collection of objective, biomechanical outcomes and to provide guidance in clinical decision-making in the field and clinical environments. The Cleveland Clinic Concussion app included an electronic incident report, assessment modules to measure important aspects of cognitive and motor function, and a return to play module to systematically document the six phases of post-injury rehabilitation. The assessment modules served as qualifiers within the carepath algorithm, driving referral for specialty services as indicated. Overall, the carepath coupled with the C3 app functioned in unison to facilitate communication among the interdisciplinary team, prevent stagnant care, and drive patients to the right provider at the right time for efficient and effective clinical management.
Sub-60-nm Extremely Thin Body ${\rm In}_{x}{\rm Ga}_{1-x}{\rm As}$-On-Insulator MOSFETs on Si With Ni-InGaAs Metal S/D and MOS Interface Buffer Engineering and Its Scalability (2013)

We report the operation of sub-60-nm deeply scaled InGaAs- and InAs-on-insulator (-OI) MOSFETs on Si substrates with MOS interface buffer engineering and Ni-InGaAs metal source/drain (S/D). InAs-OI MOSFETs provide 400% Ion enhancement, compared with an In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As control device with the same drain-induced-barrier-lowering (DIBL) of 100 mV/V, which is attributable to the mobility enhancement and the S/D parasitic resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SD</sub> ) reduction. In addition, InAs-OI MOSFETs with the MOS interface buffers show excellent electrostatic characteristics. InAs-OI MOSFETs with a channel length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> ) of 55 nm shows small DIBL of 84 mV/V and subthreshold slope (S.S.) of 105 mV/dec, both of which do not significantly degrade with a decrease of L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> , thanks to the extremely thin channel thickness. In addition, from the simulation study, we have found that further vertical scaling and back biasing techniques can improve the control of short channel effect in InAs-OI MOSFETs.
Coacervation in aqueous solutions of short chain tetraalkylammonium bromide and sodium silicate (1993)

Coacervation (liq./liq. sepn.) takes place in aq. solns. contg. short chain tetraalkylammonium (TAA) and silicate ions when other ions (Na+, Br-) are present. The TAA bromide is predominantly present in the upper layer and the Na silicate is mainly present in the lower layer. The coacervation can be described using the activity coeffs. of the 2 sep. salts and a Redlich-Kister type excess Gibbs free energy. Since part of the Gibbs free energy is dependent on the enthalpy of hydrophobic hydration of the TAA ions, the driving force for coacervation is ascribed to a mismatch of the hydration layers around the silicate and TAA ions. [on SciFinder (R)]