gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Detector Structures at the CERN ALICE Experiment (2009)

One of the four CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiments is ALICE, short for A Large Ion-Colliding-Experiment, a detector consisting of multiple layers of sub detectors around the collision point to detect different types and properties of particles created in the collision (1) (2) (3). The sub detectors are held in place by a structure called 'Spaceframe'. It has a cylindrical 18 - sided geometry with a length and diameter of 8 m. The weight of all the sub detectors, about 80 tons on the whole, will deform the Spaceframe in radial direction. For obvious reasons these deformations have to be monitored. This paper presents results from the deformation analysis during a magnetic field test and the installation of detector modules.
Instructions and Guide for Diagnostic Questions: The NeurIPS 2020 Education Challenge (2020)

Digital technologies are becoming increasingly prevalent in education, enabling personalized, high quality education resources to be accessible by students across the world. Importantly, among these resources are diagnostic questions: the answers that the students give to these questions reveal key information about the specific nature of misconceptions that the students may hold. Analyzing the massive quantities of data stemming from students' interactions with these diagnostic questions can help us more accurately understand the students' learning status and thus allow us to automate learning curriculum recommendations. In this competition, participants will focus on the students' answer records to these multiple-choice diagnostic questions, with the aim of 1) accurately predicting which answers the students provide; 2) accurately predicting which questions have high quality; and 3) determining a personalized sequence of questions for each student that best predicts the student's answers. These tasks closely mimic the goals of a real-world educational platform and are highly representative of the educational challenges faced today. We provide over 20 million examples of students' answers to mathematics questions from Eedi, a leading educational platform which thousands of students interact with daily around the globe. Participants to this competition have a chance to make a lasting, real-world impact on the quality of personalized education for millions of students across the world.
Multi-way clustering of microarray data using probabilistic sparse matrix factorization (2005)

We present experimental results demonstrating that our method can better recover functionally-relevant clusterings in mRNA expression data than standard clustering techniques, including hierarchical agglomerative clustering, and we show that by computing probabilities instead of point estimates, our method avoids converging to poor solutions.
Wafer-scale low-loss lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits (2020)

Thin-film lithium niobate (LN) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) could enable ultrahigh performance in electro-optic and nonlinear optical devices. To date, realizations have been limited to chip-scale proof-of-concepts. Here we demonstrate monolithic LN PICs fabricated on 4- and 6-inch wafers with deep ultraviolet lithography and show smooth and uniform etching, achieving 0.27 dB/cm optical propagation loss on wafer-scale. Our results show that LN PICs are fundamentally scalable and can be highly cost-effective.
Abstract 1065: A New Method for Stem Cell Imaging Using Contrast Ultrasound (2008)

Background : Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising new cardiac reparative therapy. The distribution of delivered MSCs is poorly understood due to limited methods to track them in vivo . To test the hypothesis that ultrasound can detect MSCs, gas-filled microbubbles (MBs) were developed for MSC uptake. Methods : Perfluorocarbon gas-filled MBs were synthesized from a biodegradable polymer. Cultured rat and human bone-marrow derived MSCs were dwelled with MBs (12 hrs), washed, and suspended in medium. MSC uptake of MBs and MB retention of gas were confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and density centrifugation. Spectral analysis of free MB response to up to 10MHz ultrasound was performed. 2nd harmonic and contrast pulse sequence (CPS) 2D echo imaging (7MHz) of MB-labeled and unlabeled MSCs was performed at a mechanical index (MI) 0.3 and 1.9. Videointensity was measured in 200 frames/capture. Results: Frequency spectra of free MBs contained 2nd and 3rd harmonics, indicating MB non-linearity. TEM showed MBs within MSCs (Figure ). By density centrifugation, MSCs with MBs were less dense than MSCs alone, confirming intracellular MB gas retention. Videointensity (gray scale units) of MSCs containing MBs vs MSCs alone was higher at both low MI (35±2 vs 0±0 harmonic, p&lt;0.005; 21±2 vs 15±0 CPS, p&lt;0.005), and high MI (14±2 vs 6±1 harmonic, p&lt;0.005; 6±2 vs 0±0 CPS, p&lt;0.005). Conclusions : Our acoustically active polymer MBs are internalized by MSCs and render them detectable with ultrasound. Because the polymer degrades slowly, this approach may permit serial non-invasive in vivo ultrasound imaging of MSC fate, thus facilitating optimization of cell therapy strategies.
Macroautophagy is dispensable for growth of KRAS mutant tumors and chloroquine efficacy (2015)

Macroautophagy is a key stress-response pathway that can suppress or promote tumorigenesis depending on the cellular context. Notably, Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS)-driven tumors have been reported to rely on macroautophagy for growth and survival, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach of using autophagy inhibitors based on genetic stratification. In this study, we evaluated whether KRAS mutation status can predict the efficacy to macroautophagy inhibition. By profiling 47 cell lines with pharmacological and genetic loss-of-function tools, we were unable to confirm that KRAS-driven tumor lines require macroautophagy for growth. Deletion of autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) by genome editing completely blocked macroautophagy in several tumor lines with oncogenic mutations in KRAS but did not inhibit cell proliferation in vitro or tumorigenesis in vivo. Furthermore, ATG7 knockout did not sensitize cells to irradiation or to several anticancer agents tested. Interestingly, ATG7-deficient and -proficient cells were equally sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of chloroquine, a lysosomotropic agent often used as a pharmacological tool to evaluate the response to macroautophagy inhibition. Moreover, both cell types manifested synergistic growth inhibition when treated with chloroquine plus the tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib or sunitinib, suggesting that the antiproliferative effects of chloroquine are independent of its suppressive actions on autophagy.
C4.2 - Modeling and Design Optimization of Near Field Position Sensors (2017)

A variety of angular position sensors make use of field patterns that are moved or rotated together with an object with respect to a reference. The displacement and/or rotation is then determined using e.g. magnetic field sensors such as Hall sensors or capacitive sensors. These sensors perform a spatial sampling from the field pattern. Based on an appropriate placement of the sensors and a signal processing algorithm, the relative displacement and/or relative rotation should be determined with a low uncertainty. We present an approach for the optimization of the sensor element placement and/or other design parameters based on a meta-model under consideration of correlated uncertainties.
Effects of Novel Semiselective Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors on Ex Vivo Cardiac Structure-Function (2009)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of novel semiselective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPI) to protect myocardial structure-function in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury. For this purpose, an isolated rat model of myocardial stunning and infarction was used. Isolated hearts were subjected to 20-30 minutes of global no-flow ischemia and 30-minute reperfusion. Myocardial performance was assessed as the product of the heart rate and left ventricular developed pressure (rate-pressure product, RPP). Coronary flow rates, ventricular weights, indicators of muscle (troponin I), and fibrillar collagen damage (collagen opalation) were measured. Four MMPI were tested: 2 non-hydroxamate, semiselective inhibitors (PY-2 and 1,2-HOPO-2) and 2 broad-spectrum inhibitors (PD166793 and CGS27023A). The non-hydroxamate, semiselective inhibitors were shown to be nontoxic in cocultures of cardiac cells. Results indicate that semiselective inhibitors (in particular 1,2-HOPO-2) yield improved cardiac performance (approximately 23% higher RPP vs. controls) and coronary flow rates (approximately 22%), reducing muscle (approximately 25%) and fibrillar collagen damage (approximately 60%). Evidence suggests the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in these actions. Interestingly, broad-spectrum inhibitors only show modest improvement (approximately 8% higher RPP vs. controls) without affecting the other measured parameters. In conclusion, semiselective MMPI can act as cardioprotectors in isolated perfused rat hearts. Protection is observed in all structural components of the myocardium translating into improved contractile function. Based on these findings, non-hydroxamate, semiselective MMPI warrant further studies as to their ability to protect ischemic myocardium in the in vivo setting.
Enhancing cluster labeling using wikipedia (2009)

This work investigates cluster labeling enhancement by utilizing Wikipedia, the free on-line encyclopedia. We describe a general framework for cluster labeling that extracts candidate labels from Wikipedia in addition to important terms that are extracted directly from the text. The "labeling quality" of each candidate is then evaluated by several independent judges and the top evaluated candidates are recommended for labeling.
Issues and challenges in the development of pneumococcal protein vaccines (2012)

In view of the increasing licensure and use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, the relatively high cost, and growing issues with serotype emergence, there is a need to re-evaluate the role of pneumococcal protein vaccines (PPVs) and pathways to their licensure. This paper summarizes the discussion and viewpoints from an expert meeting regarding the development of PPVs. A wide spectrum of pneumococcal vaccine researchers, developers, and regulators met to review the state of PPVs, identify research and development needs, and provide consensus opinions to support the introduction of new PPVs where possible. They also discussed clinical and regulatory aspects pertinent to these vaccines and generated a series of recommendations for moving the field forward.
Swift antibodies to counter emerging viruses (2015)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Photoluminescence and photo-modulated reflectance spectra of ion-implanted GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells (2001)

Ion-implantation effects on a series of comparable asymmetrically-coupled GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells processed by implantation method have been studied by photoluminescence (PL) and photo-modulated reflectance (PR) spectroscopy measurements. The peaks in the PL and PR spectra originate from the intersubband transitions between the ground states of electron state and hole states. Corresponding peak positions in the PL and PR spectra shift to higher energies following the increase of the ion-implantation dose due to the enhanced Al diffusion across the GaAs/AlGaAs and GaAs/AlAs heterointerfaces in the system. The observation of the reduction and finally the quench of the PL and PR peaks due to the increased implantation dose is explained by the reduced lifetime of carriers in the system due to the increased scattering processes.
Saturation Boiling of HFE-7000 Liquid on Inclined Rough Copper Surfaces (2020)

Abstract Pool boiling experiments are performed to investigate the effects of inclination angle, θ, and average roughness, Ra, of uniformly heated 10 × 10 mm copper surfaces on saturation boiling of HFE-7000 dielectric liquid. Ra varied from 0.039 to 0.1.44 μm and θ from 0° (upward facing) to 180° (downward facing). In addition, high speed images and still photographs of nucleate boiling in the various regions and near CHF are captured to assist the interpretation of experimental results. The values of CHF and the maximum nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, hMNB, which occurs near the fully developed nucleate boiling region, increase with increasing Ra and/or decreasing θ. The corresponding surface superheats, however, decrease with increasing θ and/or Ra. In the upward facing orientation, CHF increases from ∼20.7 to ∼30.9 W/cm2 with increasing Ra from 0.039 to 0.144 μm, and the corresponding CHF values in the downward facing orientation are 7.1 and 8.9 W/cm2, respectively. Nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, hNB, in the discrete bubbles region at low surface superheats increases, while in the fully developed nucleate boiling region at high superheats it increases with increasing Ra and/or decreasing θ. The developed correlations for CHF and hMNB and corresponding superheats, as functions of Ra and θ, are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Prokineticin 2 Upregulation in the Peripheral Nervous System Has a Major Role in Triggering and Maintaining Neuropathic Pain in the Chronic Constriction Injury Model (2015)

The new chemokine Prokineticin 2 (PROK2) and its receptors (PKR1 and PKR2) have a role in inflammatory pain and immunomodulation. Here we identified PROK2 as a critical mediator of neuropathic pain in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in mice and demonstrated that blocking the prokineticin receptors with two PKR1-preferring antagonists (PC1 and PC7) reduces pain and nerve damage. PROK2 mRNA expression was upregulated in the injured nerve since day 3 post injury (dpi) and in the ipsilateral DRG since 6 dpi. PROK2 protein overexpression was evident in Schwann Cells, infiltrating macrophages and axons in the peripheral nerve and in the neuronal bodies and some satellite cells in the DRG. Therapeutic treatment of neuropathic mice with the PKR-antagonist, PC1, impaired the PROK2 upregulation and signalling. This fact, besides alleviating pain, brought down the burden of proinflammatory cytokines in the damaged nerve and prompted an anti-inflammatory repair program. Such a treatment also reduced intraneural oedema and axon degeneration as demonstrated by the physiological skin innervation and thickness conserved in CCI-PC1 mice. These findings suggest that PROK2 plays a crucial role in neuropathic pain and might represent a novel target of treatment for this disease.
Supplementary Table Legends from DiSCoVERing Innovative Therapies for Rare Tumors: Combining Genetically Accurate Disease Models with <i>In Silico</i> Analysis to Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for the supplementary tables&lt;/p&gt;
Super-linear optical modulator technologies for optical broadband access network: development and potential (2005)

Linearized optical intensity modulator is recognized as one of the building blocks in any analog fiber-optics links systems such as subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) systems, ultra-dense CATV, Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) communications, and other platform access systems. For more than 30 years, the <i>quest</i> for highly linearized optical modulator with SFDR > 130 dB-Hz<sup>2/3</sup> represents <i>a major, on-going technology goal</i>. This invited paper has three-fold objective namely: (1) provide comprehensive overview of the numerous existing linearized optical intensity modulators, (2) introduce a classification of these linearized modulators, and (3) present recent development of new, super-linear (SFDR = 130-140 dB-Hz<sup>2/3</sup>) modulator which the authors pioneered. Other features of this new modulator are simple setup, high tolerance and low-cost. Performance results are presented via numerical simulation, its potential applications and limitations are also discussed.
Electron tomography of DNA-linked nanoparticle superlattices (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Remote Acyclic Diastereocontrol in Hydride Reductions of 1,n-Hydroxy Ketones (1996)

We have discovered asymmetric reductions in hydroxy ketone systems (see I) with high diastereoselectivity between remote (e.g., 1,5 and 1,6) carbon stereocenters. The favorable results are presumably achieved through the formation of bicyclic metal chelates that involve the intrachain nitrogen atom. For example, reduction of I (R = Ph, m = n = 1) with R-Alpine-Hydride or Zn(BH4)2 in CH2Cl2 gave high anti stereoselectivity (II:III = anti:syn = 10:1 or 13:1, respectively). Reduction of I (R = Ph, m = 1, n = 2) with R-Alpine-Hydride in CH2Cl2 afforded a preponderance of anti diastereomer (II:III = anti:syn = 12:1). Evidence is presented to support a chelation-controlled mechanism involving a bicyclic metal complex. Our studies with a range of substrates and reducing conditions are discussed.
Plasma fractionated total metanephrines for biochemical diagnosis of neuroblastoma. (2010)

9571 Background: Urine catecholamines and their metabolites are used for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroblastoma. O-methylated metabolites of catecholamines (plasma free or total metanephrines) are the most sensitive tests for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. We postulate that neuroblastoma transforms catecholamines into metanephrines which may be more sensitive and specific than urine catecholamines for diagnosis and follow-up of the disease. The aim of the study was to establish reference values for plasma fractionated metanephrines in children and provide preliminary results on their diagnostic values. Methods: We included into the study 191 healthy children aged 0-17 years needing a venous puncture. 2 ml of heparinized blood were drawn to measure plasma total metanephrines. Additionally, we included ten patients with neuroblastoma to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the test. Results: Upper reference limit of total plasma normetanephrine (NMN), metanephrine (MN) and methoxytyramine (MT) were: 9.67 nmol/l (95% CI: 8.32-10.1) for NMN, 4.95 nmol/l (95% IC: 4.19-6.05) for MN, 5.8 nmol/l (95% IC: 4.85-7.37) for MT. There was no significant difference between boys and girls. A linear trend gradually decreasing from birth to 17 years was observed for NMN and MT which was statistically significant for both. Plasma concentration of MN showed a non-linear relationship to age. In patients with neuroblastoma, plasma total MT and NMN measurements were highly sensitive and specific at diagnosis. The highest sensitivity and specificity (100% and 99.48%, respectively) were achieved for plasma total NMN with a cutoff at 19.64 nmol/l (odds ratio 1.18, CI 1.06-1.31) and for plasma total MT (sensitivity 100% and specificity 98.95%) with a cutoff at 9.43 nmol/l (odds ratio 1.8, CI 1.32-2.46). Conclusions: These preliminary results provide pediatric reference limits for total plasma metanephrines and suggest a promising role in diagnosis and follow-up of neuroblastoma patients. Further data are necessary to confirm its validity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Overexpression of TCL1 activates the endoplasmic reticulum stress response: a novel mechanism of leukemic progression in mice (2012)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents 30% of adult leukemia. TCL1 is expressed in ~ 90% of human CLL. Transgenic expression of TCL1 in murine B cells (Eμ-TCL1) results in mouse CLL. Here we show for the first time that the previously unexplored endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is aberrantly activated in Eμ-TCL1 mouse and human CLL. This includes activation of the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway and the transcriptionally up-regulated expression of Derlin-1, Derlin-2, BiP, GRP94, and PDI. TCL1 associates with the XBP-1 transcription factor, and causes the dysregulated expression of the transcription factors, Pax5, IRF4, and Blimp-1, and of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase. In addition, TCL1-overexpressing CLL cells manufacture a distinctly different BCR, as we detected increased expression of membrane-bound IgM and altered N-linked glycosylation of Igα and Igβ, which account for the hyperactive BCR in malignant CLL. To demonstrate that the ER stress-response pathway is a novel molecular target for the treatment of CLL, we blocked the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway using a novel inhibitor, and observed apoptosis and significantly stalled growth of CLL cells in vitro and in mice. These studies reveal an important role of TCL1 in activating the ER stress response in support for malignant progression of CLL.
Structured Prediction of 3D Human Pose with Deep Neural Networks (2016)

Most recent approaches to monocular 3D pose estimation rely on Deep Learning. They either train a Convolutional Neural Network to directly regress from image to 3D pose, which ignores the dependencies between human joints, or model these dependencies via a max-margin structured learning framework, which involves a high computational cost at inference time. In this paper, we introduce a Deep Learning regression architecture for structured prediction of 3D human pose from monocular images that relies on an overcomplete autoencoder to learn a high-dimensional latent pose representation and account for joint dependencies. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art ones both in terms of structure preservation and prediction accuracy.
Synthetic studies of the rubradirins. A strategy for the incorporation of the ansa bridge (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies of the rubradirins. A strategy for the incorporation of the ansa bridgeAlan P. Kozikowski and Yan XiaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 7, 1375–1378Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00383a047RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (375 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts