gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of rAd5-Vector HIV-1 Preventive Vaccines on HIV-1 Acquisition: A Participant-Level Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials (2015)

The data support increased risk of HIV-1 infection by MRKAd5 over all follow-up time, but do not support increased risk of HIV-1 infection by DNA/rAd5. This study provides a rationale for including monitoring plans enabling detection of increased susceptibility to infection in HIV-1 at-risk populations.
3D electrothermal simulation of intracavity-contacted oxide-confined VCSELs operating at room temperature and at 77 K (1999)

3D numerical simulation of intracavity-contacted oxide-confined VCSELs operating at cryogenic temperatures is reported. Spatial profiles and 3D distributions of electrical potential, current and ture are calculated. The device geometry is found to cause strong current crowding effects and nonuniformity of injected carrier distribution. Numerical experiments are performed for both spontaneous and stimulated modes of operation, and the results are compared with room-temperature simulation. Improved thermal conduction at low temperatures more than compensates for an increase in electrical resistivity, resulting in a significant reduction of active-region temperature increase at cryogenic temperatures.
Propofol mono vs. Propofol + Midazolam - a prospective evaluation of safety and subjective well-being in 24.441 patients (2013)

Aims of the study: In this prospective multicenter trial of 24.441 patients we evaluated the occurrence of adverse events and patients subjective condition regarding the sedation regimen of Propofol mono (P) or a combination of Propofol and Midazolam (P+M).
Neural Unit Test Suggestions. (2021)

Testing is widely recognized as an important stage of the software development lifecycle. Effective software testing can provide benefits such as documentation, bug finding, and preventing regressions. In particular, unit tests document a unit's \textit{intended} functionality. A \textit{test oracle}, typically expressed as an condition, documents the intended behavior of the unit under a given test prefix. Synthesizing a functional test oracle is a challenging problem, as it has to capture the intended functionality and not the implemented functionality. 
In this paper, we propose \toolName{} (\underline{N}eural \underline{U}nit \underline{T}est \underline{S}uggestions), a unified transformer-based neural approach to infer both exceptional and assertion test oracles based on the context of the focal method. Our approach can handle units with ambiguous or missing documentations, and even units with a missing implementation. We evaluate our approach on both oracle inference accuracy and functional bug-finding. Our technique improves accuracy by 33\% over existing oracle inference approaches, achieving 96\% overall accuracy on a held out test dataset. Furthermore, we show that when integrated with a automated test generation tool (EvoSuite), our approach finds 54 real world bugs in large-scale Java programs, including \DISTINCTBUGS{} bugs that are not found by any other automated testing method in our evaluation.
Design tradeoffs for tiled CMP on-chip networks (2006)

We develop detailed area and energy models for on-chip interconnection networks and describe tradeoffs in the design of efficient networks for tiled chip multiprocessors. Using these detailed models we investigate how aspects of the network architecture including topology, channel width, routing strategy, and buffer size affect performance and impact area and energy efficiency. We simulate the performance of a variety of on-chip networks designed for tiled chip multiprocessors implemented in an advanced VLSI process and compare area and energy efficiencies estimated from our models. We demonstrate that the introduction of a second parallel network can increase performance while improving efficiency, and evaluate different strategies for distributing traffic over the subnetworks. Drawing on insights from our analysis, we present a concentrated mesh topology with replicated subnetworks and express channels which provides a 24% improvement in area efficiency and a 48% improvement in energy efficiency over other networks evaluated in this study.
Bony increased-offset reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (BIO-RSA) associated with an eccentric glenosphere and an onlay 135° humeral component: clinical and radiological outcomes at a minimum 2-year follow-up (2022)

This study shows that an RSA design with a 135° humeral neck-shaft angle and an inferiorized and lateralized glenoid component is associated with significant improvements in active ROM, especially in rotation, and a low notching rate. However, rates of 3.8% for dislocation and 5% for glenoid loosening are certainly a concern at such a short follow-up of two years. Future studies with a larger population are needed to confirm these rates.
Learning to Design Products in Environments with Limited Design Traditions (2006)

Many researchers agree that ‘today’s engineer must design under—and so understand at a deep level—constraints that include global, cultural, and business contexts’. In an increasingly global economy, the demand for engineers and technical personnel is increasing in every country. Developing countries which have few internal design traditions are struggling to find a place in the ever growing, ever increasing competitive global marketplace. Even developed countries like the United States are finding increasing challenges to their technological dominance. The ability to design and manufacture timely, needed, and inexpensive products for a large variety of consumers is becoming the great differentiator in controlling the global marketplace. Better design and engineering curriculum is needed in developing countries to improve their ability to compete in a global marketplace and find ways to open their own untapped and waiting markets. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of our approach to develop more flexible design structures and processes that could be adaptable to environments where there is a limited design tradition. It is anticipated that through the use of appropriate processes, designers in developing countries will be able to effectively learn to design products that have value both inside and outside of their community. We also anticipate that these flexible design structures and processes can be integrated into a formal design curriculum customized to meet specific needs. There are six major topics that are relevant to our research. They are design curriculum outcomes, design processes, design curriculum, learning activities and tools, appropriate assessment techniques, and research in developing countries. Our paradigm is based on the premise that project-based learning is one of the most appropriate and effective means of teaching engineering design principles to students. Furthermore, the authors feel that it is crucial to involve industry with academia. Industry involvement in engineering education improves the relevance of education, better prepares students for employment, provides industry with a better qualified workforce, and creates synergy between industry and academia.
Applications of memristors in conventional analogue electronics (2016)

This dissertation presents the steps employed to activate and utilise analogue memristive devices in conventional analogue circuits and beyond. TiO2 memristors are mainly utilised in this study, and their large variability in operation in between similar devices is identified. A specialised memristor characterisation instrument is designed and built to mitigate this issue and to allow access to large numbers of devices at a time. Its performance is quantified against linear resistors, crossbars of linear resistors, stand-alone memristive elements and crossbars of memristors. This platform allows for a wide range of different pulsing algorithms to be applied on individual devices, or on crossbars of memristive elements, and is used throughout this dissertation. Different ways of achieving analogue resistive switching from any device state are presented. Results of these are used to devise a state-of-art biasing parameter finder which automatically extracts pulsing parameters that induce repeatable analogue resistive switching. IV measurements taken during analogue resistive switching are then utilised to model the internal atomic structure of two devices, via fittings by the Simmons tunnelling barrier model. These reveal that voltage pulses modulate a nano-tunnelling gap along a conical shape. Further retention measurements are performed which reveal that under certain conditions, TiO2 memristors become volatile at short time scales. This volatile behaviour is then implemented into a novel SPICE volatile memristor model. These characterisation methods of solid-state devices allowed for inclusion of TiO2 memristors in practical electronic circuits. Firstly, in the context of large analogue resistive crossbars, a crosspoint reading method is analysed and improved via a 3-step technique. Its scaling performance is then quantified via SPICE simulations. Next, the observed volatile dynamics of memristors are exploited in two separate sequence detectors, with applications in neuromorphic engineering. Finally, the memristor as a programmable resistive weight is exploited to synthesise a memristive programmable gain amplifier and a practical memristive automatic gain control circuit.
Visual quality metrics and human perception (2010)

Visual quality metrics have been recently devised to automatically extract interesting visual projections out of a large number of available candidates in the exploration of high-dimensional databases. The metrics permit for instance to search within a large set of scatter plots (e.g., in a scatter plot matrix) and select the views that contain the best separation among clusters. The rationale behind these techniques is that automatic selection of "best" views is not only useful but also necessary when the number of potential projections exceeds the limit of human interpretation. While useful as a concept in general, such metrics received so far limited validation in terms of human perception. In this paper we present a perceptual study investigating the relationship between human interpretation of clusters in 2D scatter plots and the measures automatically extracted out of them. Specifically we compare a series of selected metrics and analyze how they predict human detection of clusters. A thorough discussion of results follows with reflections on their impact and directions for future research.
Application of Genomic Technologies to Study Infertility (2016)

An estimated one in eight couples in the United States are diagnosed with infertility. There is a significant genetic contribution to infertility, with estimates of heritability ranging from 0.2 to 0.5. We know surprisingly little about the genetic causes, with only slightly more than a hundred genes known to cause human infertility. I have been translating recent advances in genomics to study infertility in a more efficient manner, in order to improve our knowledge of the genetic causes. By using high throughput genomics and proteomics datasets from other groups, I was able to feed that into a machine learning algorithm to predict novel fertility function genes. While not perfect, this computational model performs comparably to other publish prediction models. In order to test the top predicted fertility genes I also developed an experimental technique to simultaneously screen up to hundreds of genes for spermatogenesis function in vivo in mice. This method is based off of RNAi, and I was able to benchmark its performance to demonstrate that it performed comparably to other benchmarked RNAi screens in flies. I then used this method to test the top 26 predicted spermatogenesis genes and showed that most of them (24/26) have an important role in spermatogenesis. Using this technique, other groups can screen genes for spermatogenesis function in a fraction of the time and cost compared to the traditional approach of generating knockout mouse lines. Finally, I describe the progress I have made in using genetic engineering to rescue spermatogenesis in mice. By analyzing the missteps I have made in delivering constitutively expressed transgenes and CRISPR genes into mouse testes, I describe the probably reasons for my failure and how to implement future experiments to get more success.
Improvements in Early Flame Development in a Spark Ignition Engine Brought About by “Spark-Aider“ Fuel Additives (1987)

Abstract The effects of certain fuel additives—alkali and alkaline earth metal compounds collectively known as “spark-aiders”—on early flame development in a spark ignition engine have been investigated using a laser based technique for flame speed measurement. Iso-octane and unleaded gasoline were the fuels used and two different engines were considered. The results for a calcium and two potassium additives are presented and demonstrate that “spark-aiders” increase early flame development rates and reduce cyclic variation. The leaner the mixture, the more marked is this improvement. As the additive concentration is increased, the maximum improvement in combustion characteristics brought about by the additive increases up to a limiting value and the rate at which this improvement occurs also increases. There is a minimum additive concentration below which no effect can be observed. The “spark-aider” effect, once fully established, lingers on, though at a progressively decreasing level, when the engine is switched back to additive-free fuel. Upon coating the electrodes directly with different potassium and calcium compounds, the average spark duration increases but there is no significant change in the peak current. The early flame speed also increases but the extent and the pattern of this increase are variable, unrepeatable and not well correlated with increases in spark duration. There is also no direct correlation between improvements in early flame development and the presence of potassium in the gas phase at that time, as indicated by its atomic emission. It appears that “spark-aiders” act by causing deposits of low work function materials to be formed on the spark electrodes. These in turn reduce the early flame development time and its variability most probably by increasing the proportion of the spark energy transferred to the gas. Thus “spark-aiders” reduce cyclic variations in combustion and hence engine operation, at source, without requiring any changes to the ignition system hardware.
Simultaneous dual‐nuclei imaging for motion corrected detection and quantification of 19F imaging agents (2011)

Fluorine MRI offers broad potential for specific detection and quantification of molecularly targeted agents in diagnosis and therapy planning or monitoring. Because non-proton MRI applications lack morphological information, accompanying proton images are needed to elucidate the spatial tissue context. Furthermore, low concentrations typical of targeted molecular imaging agents require long examinations for signal averaging during which physiological motion may lead to blurring, underestimation in signal quantification, and erroneous localization of the agent distribution. Novel methods for truly simultaneous acquisition of dual-nuclei MR data are presented that offer efficient and precise anatomical localization of fluorine signals using accurate motion correction based on contemporaneous proton signals. The feasibility of simultaneous dual-nuclei MRI motion correction and corresponding dual-resolution reconstruction, providing nuclei-specific spatial resolution to retrospectively optimize the balance between signal-to-noise ratio and resolution, is shown on a clinical 3 T MR system.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 12 (SCA12) (2011)

Spinal cerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12) has been attributed to the elevated expression of ppp2r2b. To better elucidate the pathomechanism of the neuronal disorder and to search for a pharmacological treatment, Drosophila models of SCA12 were generated by overexpression of a human ppp2r2b and its Drosophila homolog tws. Ectopic expression of ppp2r2b or tws caused various pathological features, including neurodegeneration, apoptosis, and shortened life span. More detailed analysis revealed that elevated ppp2r2b and tws induced fission of mitochondria accompanied by increases in cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome c, and caspase 3 activity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that fragmented mitochondria with disrupted cristae were engulfed by autophagosomes in photoreceptor neurons of flies overexpressing tws. Additionally, transgenic flies were more susceptible to oxidative injury induced by paraquat. By contrast, ectopic Drosophila Sod2 expression and antioxidant treatment reduced ROS and caspase 3 activity and extended the life span of the SCA12 fly model. In summary, our study demonstrates that oxidative stress induced by mitochondrial dysfunction plays a causal role in SCA12, and reduction of ROS is a potential therapeutic intervention for this neuropathy.
Kinetics of Insulin-Mediated and Non-Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Humans (1990)

The kinetics of insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU) and non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake (NIMGU) in humans have not been well defined. We used the glucose-clamp technique to measure rates of whole-body and leg muscle glucose uptake in six healthy lean men during hyperinsulinemia (approximately 460 pM) to study IMGU and during somatostatin-induced insulinopenia to study NIMGU at four glucose levels (4.5, 9, 12, and 21 mM). To measure leg glucose uptake, the femoral artery and vein were catheterized, and blood flow was measured by thermodilution (leg glucose uptake = arteriovenous glucose difference [A-VG] x blood flow). With this approach, we found that, during hyperinsulinemia, both whole-body and leg glucose uptake increased in a curvilinear fashion at every glucose level, the highest glucose uptake values obtained being 139 +/- 17 mumol.kg-1.min-1 and 3656 +/- 931 mumol.min-1.leg-1, respectively. Leg blood flow increased twofold from 6.0 +/- 1.7 to 11.7 +/- 3.1 dl/min (P less than 0.01) over the range of glucose and was correlated with whole-body glucose uptake (r = 0.55, P less than 0.005). Leg muscle glucose extraction, independent of changes in blood flow, which is reflected by the A-VG, saturated over the range of glucose (1.28 +/- 0.12, 2.22 +/- 0.30, 2.92 +/- 0.42, 3.02 +/- 0.41 mM, NS between last 2 values) with a half-maximal effective glucose concentration (EG50) of 5.3 +/- 0.4 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fungal co-culture as a new source of bioactive induced metabolites: A MS-based metabolomic study (2012)

In natural product research, access to new biological sources represents a key element. A particularly large number of biologically active molecules are originating from microorganisms [1]. Very recently, the use of fungal co-culture for activation of silent genes related to metabolite biosynthesis was found successful for the induction of new compounds [2]. For such type of studies a challenge is the localization and identification of the induced metabolites in the confrontation zone where fungi interact at the petri dish level.
Comparison of different fittings of experimental DSDs (2014)

The knowledge of drop size distribution (DSD) of rain, namely the frequency distribution of drop equivolume&#13;\ndiameters, has a wide range of applications in earth sciences such as precipitation physics, hydrology and agricultural&#13;\nand soil sciences, it is also important in precipitation remote sensing, especially in radar meteorology for&#13;\nrelationships among rainfall rate and radar measurements such as the radar reflectivity factor. In general, retrieval&#13;\nof parametric DSDs would aim to best model the largest portion of measured drop spectra, as a consequence, there&#13;\nis no guarantee that the selected distribution will adequately model some DSD portions, such as the tail. However,&#13;\nfor characterising physical quantities such as the liquid water content and radar reflectivity, the right tail is critical&#13;\nbecause large drops play a much more important role than small droplets. In order to study the influence of various&#13;\ntail-types, four different one-sided continuous distributions (the Pareto, the Lognormal, the Gamma and the&#13;\nWeibull distributions) have been fitted both to the large drops only and to the entire sample of the measured spectra.&#13;\nObservational data consist of 1-min spectra collected by two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD). One&#13;\ndataset was measured during the first special observation period of the hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean&#13;\nexperiment (HyMeX) field campaign in Rome from September to November 2012, while the second one during&#13;\nthe Mid-latitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) field campaign in Oklahoma from April to&#13;\nJune 2011. The results obtained for the two different datasets are consistent. Results of this preliminary analysis&#13;\nshow that considering the whole fitting the Weibull distribution seems to fit the highest percentages of the measured&#13;\ndrop spectra (37% for HyMex and 42% for MC3E), on the other end this distribution is closely followed&#13;\nby the Gamma and the Lognormal distribution, with approximately 30% of success. While for the tail fitting the&#13;\nperformances of the Weibull and Lognormal distributions increase to the detriment of the Gamma distribution;&#13;\nthe Weibull distribution has the highest percentage of success for the Hymex dataset, while for the MC3E dataset&#13;\nthe Lognormal distribution fits the highest number of measured spectra. For both the datasets, when the Weibull&#13;\ndistribution performs the best fitting, the shape parameter of the distribution is greater than one.
Rethinking information theory for mobile ad hoc networks (2008)

The subject of this article is the long standing open problem of developing a general capacity theory for wireless networks, particularly a theory capable of describing the fundamental performance limits of mobile ad hoc networks. A MANET is a peer-to-peer network with no preexisting infrastructure. MANETs are the most general wireless networks, with single-hop, relay, interference, mesh, and star networks comprising special cases. The lack of a MANET capacity theory has stunted the development and commercialization of many types of wireless networks, including emergency, military, sensor, and community mesh networks. Information theory, which has been vital for links and centralized networks, has not been successfully applied to decentralized wireless networks. Even if this was accomplished, for such a theory to truly characterize the limits of deployed MANETs it must overcome three key roadblocks. First, most current capacity results rely on the allowance of unbounded delay and reliability. Second, spatial and timescale decompositions have not yet been developed for optimally modeling the spatial and temporal dynamics of wireless networks. Third, a useful network capacity theory must integrate rather than ignore the important role of overhead messaging and feedback. This article describes some of the shifts in thinking that may be needed to overcome these roadblocks and develop a more general theory.