gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
10.51847/9UhQ9hW (2000)

Microbial transformation of dydrogesterone (9b,10a-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione) (1) on fermentation with Gibberella fujikuroi yielded 20R-hydroxy-9b,10a-pregna-4,6-diene-3-one (2), 17b-hydroxy-9b,10a-androsta-4,6-diene-3-one (3) and 9b,10a-androsta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione (4). Their structures were deduced on the basis of modern spectroscopic techniques. This is the first report of their production by using Gibberella fujikuroi.
Electrical impedance tomography (2001)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging modality that estimates the electrical properties at the interior of an object from measurements made on its surface. Typically, currents are injected into the object through electrodes placed on its surface, and the resulting electrode voltages are measured. An appropriate set of current patterns, with each pattern specifying the value of the current for each electrode, is applied to the object, and a reconstruction algorithm uses knowledge of the applied current patterns and the measured electrode voltages to solve the inverse problem, computing the electrical conductivity and permittivity distributions in the object. This article focuses on the type of EIT called adaptive current tomography (ACT) in which currents are applied simultaneously to all the electrodes. A number of current patterns are applied, where each pattern defines the current for each electrode, and the subsequent electrode voltages are measured to generate the data required for image reconstruction. A ring of electrodes may be placed in a single plane around the object, to define a two-dimensional problem, or in several layers of such rings, to define a three-dimensional problem. The reconstruction problem is described and two algorithms are discussed, a one-step, two-dimensional (2-D) Newton-Raphson algorithm and a one-step, full three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructor. Results from experimental data are presented which illustrate the performance of the algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: VIER‐, FUENF‐ UND SECHSFACH‐KOORDINIERTE KOMPLEXE VON NICKEL(II) MIT DEM MAKROCYCLISCHEN LIGANDEN 2,4,4‐TRIMETHYL‐10,11‐BENZO‐1,5‐DIAZA‐8,13‐DITHIACYCLOPENTADECADIEN‐(1,10) (1973)

Abstract Die Reaktion des bereits bekannten Ni‐Komplexes (I) als Chlorid mit Aceton in methanolischer Lösung führt zu dem Komplex (IIa) des neuen makrocyclischen Titelliganden mit S‐ und N‐Donatoratomen.
Digital Equalisation of 40Gbit/s per Wavelength Transmission over 2480km of Standard Fibre without Optical Dispersion Compensation (2006)

We demonstrate transmission and demodulation of 40Gbit/s per wavelength data, using 10Gbaud polarisation multiplexed QPSK. The digital coherent receiver includes carrier recovery and equalisation of all linear impairments, including chromatic dispersion and polarisation mode dispersion.
Femtosecond laser filamentation with a 4 J/60 fs Ti:Sapphire laser beam: Multiple filaments and intensity clamping (2010)

We used both the backscattered nitrogen fluorescence signal (BSF) and ICCD fluorescence side imaging methods to study the filament light intensity with a 4 J/60 fs Ti:sapphire laser beam. It has been concluded that even the laser power is increased by 100 times in our experiment the peak laser intensity in the filament only has a little change. We attribute this phenomenon to the result of intensity clamping and the competition of multiple filaments.
Photothermic regulation of gene expression triggered by laser-induced carbon nanohorns (2012)

The development of optical methods to control cellular functions is important for various biological applications. In particular, heat shock promoter-mediated gene expression systems by laser light are attractive targets for controlling cellular functions. However, previous approaches have considerable technical limitations related to their use of UV, short-wavelength visible (vis), and infrared (IR) laser light, which have poor penetration into biological tissue. Biological tissue is relatively transparent to light inside the diagnostic window at wavelengths of 650-1,100 nm. Here we present a unique optical biotechnological method using carbon nanohorn (CNH) that transforms energy from diagnostic window laser light to heat to control the expression of various genes. We report that with this method, laser irradiation within the diagnostic window resulted in effective heat generation and thus caused heat shock promoter-mediated gene expression. This study provides an important step forward in the development of light-manipulated gene expression technologies.
Table S3 from Clinical Importance of the lncRNA <i>NEAT1</i> in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;LncRNA transcriptome analysis in melanoma (GSE78220)&lt;/p&gt;
VisibleReflectance Spectroscopy on a Buoy- MountedAerosol Sampler:Development ofa SensorforQuantifying theDeposition of MineralDusttotheOceans (2006)

Irondeficiency hasbeenshowntolimit thegrowth ofphytoplankton inthehigh-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions of theEquatorial Pacific, Southern Ocean,andSubarctic North Pacific, andisapotentially limiting nutrient fornitrogen-fixing phytoplankton, whichrepresent an important componentof primary production inoceans. Themajorsource ofirontothe openoceanistheatmospheric transport anddeposition ofiron- bearing soil dustfromthearidregions ofNorthAfrica, central AsiaandAustralia. A buoy-mounted aerosol sampler deployed on theBermudaTestbedMooringcollected a timeseries of samples allowing quantification ofthedeposition ofAfrican aerosol irontotheSargasso Sea.We aredeveloping a sensor usingvisible reflectance spectroscopy (VRS)thatcan be integrated withthis sampler tomakereal-time measurements of theconcentration ofironinaerosol dustovertheoceans. InVRS, awhitelight sourceilluminates thesampleandthespectrum of thereflected light isrecorded. Analyses ofthespectra include calculating percent color andthefirst derivative ofthespectrum. Astheamountofironinthesampleincreases, thepercentage of redincreases. Thefirst derivatives ofthespectra contain peaks whichcanidentify ironminerals (e.g., hematite & goethite). The ability to coupleaerosol dustanalysis within-water iron measurements will increase ourunderstanding ofhowironenters theoceans andwhatroleitplays inthemarinebiosphere.
Failure Of Early Lesion Repair In Multiple Sclerosis Lesions With Persistent Phase RIM (P4.006) (2015)

Objective. Characterizing early lesion evolution according to the pattern of contrast enhancement and phase rim may allow in vivo tracking of tissue remodeling/repair. Background. In some active demyelinating MS lesions, a strong immune reaction at the lesion edge is likely to contain lesion growth and isolate the lesion from surrounding unaffected parenchyma. Our previous studies (Gaitan et al., Ann Neurol 2011; Absinta et al., Ann Neurol 2013) suggest that this process involves secondary opening of the blood-brain barrier in capillaries at the lesion edge (seen as a centripetal pattern of contrast enhancement by MRI) and probable infiltration of M1 monocytes/microglia (seen as a phase rim due to paramagnetic substances such as iron). Methods. 19 centripetally and 18 centrifugally enhancing lesions were studied at 7 tesla MRI in 16 MS cases. High-resolution T2* gradient-echo scans, T1 scans before/after gadolinium, and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1 scans were acquired at baseline and months 1, 3, 6, 12. For each lesion, the time evolution of phase rim and lesion volume was assessed. Results. In all centripetal lesions, a phase rim colocalized with the initial site of contrast enhancement. In 10 of 19, the phase rim persisted after enhancement resolved; in the remaining 9, it disappeared. Compared to centripetal lesions with transient rim, those with persistent rim were larger at baseline and had less volume shrinkage between months 3 and 12 (p=0.01). Centrifugal lesions were smaller, and none developed a phase rim at any time point. Conclusion. The persistence of a phase rim in lesions that shrink least over time suggests that the rim marks the failure of early lesion repair. From a pathological point of view, we hypothesize that the rim corresponds to a high ratio of M1 (iron-laden) to M2 (anti-inflammatory) monocytes at the lesion edge, with consequent inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation/maturation and remyelination.
Use of Peritoneal Dialysis in AKI (2013)

There is currently no evidence to suggest significant differences in mortality between peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood purification in AKI. There is a need for good-quality evidence in this important area.
Analysis of In-Room mm-Wave Propagation: Directional Channel Measurements and Ray Tracing Simulations (2017)

Frequency bands above 6 GHz are being considered for future 5G wireless systems because of the larger bandwidth availability and of the smaller wavelength, which can ease the implementation of high-throughput massive MIMO schemes. However, great challenges are around the corner at each implementation level, including the achievement of a thorough multi-dimensional characterization of the mm-wave radio channel, which represents the base for the realization of reliable and high-performance radio interfaces and system architectures. The main properties of the indoor radio channel at 70 GHz, including angular and temporal dispersion as well as an assessment of the major interaction mechanisms, are investigated in this study by means of UWB directional measurements and ray tracing simulations in a reference, small-indoor office environment.
Camera based beacon tracking (1996)

Optical beacon tracking (OBT) is gaining importance for real-time object position and orientation sensing. We assess the limits of this method and present both practical and theoretical accuracy figures. The basic geometric relationships for 3, 5, and 6 degrees of freedom trackers are outlined. We propose a search algorithm for inexpensive image processing thereby avoiding any specialized hardware. We show our first experiences with this tracking concept for fish-tank and augmented reality applications.
An Overview of Generic Tools for Information-Theoretic Secrecy Performance Analysis over Wiretap Fading Channels (2020)

An alternative or supplementary approach named as physical layer security has been proposed to afford an extra security layer on top of the conventional cryptography technique. In this paper, an overview of secrecy performance investigations over the classic Alice-Bob-Eve wiretap fading channels is conducted. On the basis of the classic wiretap channel model, we have comprehensively listed and thereafter compared the existing works on physical layer secrecy analysis considering the small-scale, large-scale, composite, and cascaded fading channel models. Exact secrecy metrics expressions, including secrecy outage probability (SOP), the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity (PNZ), average secrecy capacity (ASC), and secrecy bounds, including the lower bound of SOP and ergodic secrecy capacity, are presented. In order to encompass the aforementioned four kinds of fading channel models with a more generic and flexible distribution, the mixture gamma (MG), mixture of Gaussian (MoG), and Fox's $H$-function distributions are three useful candidates to largely include the above-mentioned four kinds of fading channel models. It is shown that they are flexible and general when assisting the secrecy analysis to obtain closed-form expressions. Their advantages and limitations are also highlighted. Conclusively, these three approaches are proven to provide a unified secrecy analysis framework and can cover all types of independent wiretap fading channel models. Apart from those, revisiting the existing secrecy enhancement techniques based on our system configuration, the on-off transmission scheme, jamming approach (including artificial noise (AN) &amp; artificial fast fading (AFF)), antenna selection, and security region are presented.
Unseeded growth of germanium nanowires by vapor-liquid-solid mechanism (2005)

Single-crystal germanium nanowires have been synthesized in the temperature range 380–430 °C without the use of any metal catalysts. Tetraethylgermane was used as a precursor in combination with different organic solvents to produce nanowires with controlled diameter ranging from 5 nm to 700 nm. The growth direction of nanowires is along <011> direction. The method is based on the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, with the classical liquid-metal catalyst replaced by droplets of high-boiling-point hydrocarbons.
Comparing Hedging Methods for Wind Power: Using Pumped Storage Hydro Units vs. Options Purchasing (2006)

The main setback for wind energy is the uncertainty and uncontrollability of the energy source. Researchers are trying to create ways to handle this uncertainty by means of energy storage through pumped storage hydro facilities, compressed air facilities, etc. This paper will analyze the option of using a pumped storage hydro plant to negate this uncertainty from a financial viewpoint. In addition, this paper analyzes whether or not such an option is truly best by comparing it to the case where the wind farm can purchase call/put options to protect against the uncertainty of the wind. To determine the proper price of these options, the Black-Scholes options pricing model is used to ensure there is no ability to arbitrage, i.e. there is no free lunch. This second option will also consider the pumped storage plant's financial gain when working independent as well in order to make a fair comparison. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of these hedging methods and the financial implications
Flameholding Analyses in Supersonic Flow (2003)

Flameholding in supersonic flow depends on the local conditions in the recirculation region and the mass transfer into and out o f this region. Large gradients in local gas composition and temperature exist in the recirculation region. Hence stability parameter correlations developed for premixed flames cannot be used to determine the blowout stability limits for non -premixed flames encountered in practical devices. In the present investigation, mixture samples at different locations in the recirculation region and the shear layer formed behind a rearward facing step have been extracted and analyzed by a mass spectrometer to determin e the local distribution of species concentration. Tests are performed with and without combustion. In combustion tests, the extracted samples are passed through a cooling jacket to quench the reactions and freeze the species composition coming out of the combustion chamber. The difference between the local mass fraction of injected gas within the recirculation region determined from mass spectroscopy and the global mass fraction based on the total mass of air and injected gas is thus identified. The inform ation will help formulate a stability parameter for non -premixed flames and for computational model validation.
Improvement of thermal stability of lithium ion batteries by using methyl difluoroacetate as an electrolyte solvent (2003)

The thermal stability of 1M LiPF/sub 6// CHF/sub 2/COOCH/sub 3/ (methyl difluoroacetate, MFA) with lithiated carbon anodes and the electrochemical characteristics of carbon anodes in this electrolyte have been investigated in terms of the use of this electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement of LiPF/sub 6// MFA with lithiated carbon anodes indicated that the main exothermic peak is around 400 /spl deg/C. The peak temperature was 110 /spl deg/C higher than the peak of LiPF/sub 6// EC-DMC [1:1 in vol.] with lithiated carbon anodes. Compared with the case in 1M LiPF6/ EC-DMC [1:1 in vol.], the discharge capacity of carbon anodes was slightly smaller in 1M LiPF/sub 6// MFA, while the cycling performance was quite similar in both electrolytes. From the result of the impedance measurement, the reason for the small capacity is the large resistance of SEI. Moreover, good cycle performance was obtained for the lithium ion cell used in 1M LiPF/sub 6// MFA, while the cell's discharge capacity was slightly lower than that of the lithium-ion cell in 1M LiPF/sub 6// EC-DMC [1:1 in vol.]. It is noted that 1M LiPF/sub 6// MFA electrolyte is a good candidate to improve the thermal stability of the lithium-ion and lithium metal anode battery.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Resonantly-Excited Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Wavelength-dependent pump-probe spectroscopy of micelle-suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes reveals two-component dynamics. The slow component (5-20 ps), which has not been observed previously, is resonantly enhanced whenever the pump photon energy coincides with an absorption peak and we attribute it to interband carrier recombination, whereas we interpret the always-present fast component (0.3-1.2 ps) as intraband carrier relaxation in non-resonantly excited nanotubes. The slow component decreases drastically with decreasing pH (or increasing H$^+$ doping), especially in large-diameter tubes. This can be explained as a consequence of the disappearance of absorption peaks at high doping due to the entrance of the Fermi energy into the valence band, i.e., a 1-D manifestation of the Burstein-Moss effect.
Model based on-chip 13bits ADC design dedicated to uncooled infrared focal plane arrays (2007)

This paper presents an on-chip 13 bits 10 M/S Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) specifically designed for infrared bolometric image sensor. Bolometric infrared sensors are MEMs based thermal sensors, which covers a large spectrum of infrared applications, ranging from night vision to predictive industrial maintenance and medical imaging. With the current move towards submicron technologies, the demand for more integrated, smarter sensors and microsystems has dramatically increased. This trend has strengthened the need of on-chip ADC as the interface between the analog core and the digital processing electronic. However designing an on-chip ADC dedicated to focal plane array raises many questions about its architecture and its performance requirements. To take into account those specific needs, a high level model has been developed prior to the actual design. In this paper, we present the trade-offs of ADC design linked to infrared key performance parameters and bolometric technology detection method. The original development scheme, based on system level modeling, is also discussed. Finally we present the actual design and the measured performances.
OBESITY IN LIVING RENAL DONORS: IMPACT ON PERI-OPERATIVE AND SHORT-TERM RESULTS (2004)

O323* Aims: The short and long-term risks of kidney donation appear to be low, however, the risk for obese donors has not been determined. Prevalence of obesity in the renal donor pool has forced consideration of potential long-term risks, including the development of diabetes mellitus or hypertension and secondary renal disease. Methods: We examined the perioperative course and early follow-up (mean 6±0.3 months, range 0-18) of 553 consecutive living renal donors (related 64%, unrelated 36%) who completed renal donation from 10/1/99 to 4/1/03 using body mass index (BMI) as a marker of obesity. We assessed surgical (operative time, peri-operative complications, length of hospital stay (LOS)), and medical outcomes (GFR by iothalamate clearance, blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose (FG)). Mean ± SEMFigure*p<0.05 vs BMI group 1, + p<0.05 vs BMI group 2 Results: Operative times were longer with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (p<0.05). There were no differences in peri-operative complications or LOS (mean 2.2±0.1 days). Baseline BP (Dynamap) and FG were higher and rose incrementally with BMI. Lipid profile were less favorable (higher total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, lower HDL) with higher BMI. There were no differences in age (mean 41.6±0.5 years) or serum creatinine (mean 1.1±0.01 mg/dL). Post nephrectomy BP and FG were higher with BMI group but did not differ from pre-donation values. Absolute GFR was greater with higher BMI before and after donor nephrectomy but did not differ once corrected for body surface area. There were no differences in degree of microalbuminuria (mean 8±1 mg pre, 9±1 post) across BMI groups. Conclusions: Our results support the short-term safety of living kidney donation for carefully selected obese renal donors. While these results are reassuring, continued monitoring of BP levels, glycemic control and renal function over time will be vital to our efforts to quantify health risks in obese donors.
Performing IR spectroscopy at multiple points along a gas chromatographic column for rapid high fidelity detection (Conference Presentation) (2020)

The ability to rapidly detect hazardous airborne chemicals with high fidelity in a single point-detection system remains a significant challenge in a complex chemical background. Traditional Gas chromatography (GC) can significantly augment most detection technologies by separating complex mixtures for high fidelity detection, but with the disadvantage of requiring detection at the end of the GC column which adds a time disadvantage for any decision making process. Microfabrication of GC columns has reduced device footprint and power consumption, but the end-of-column detection paradigm remains. We present a rapid detection concept of in-column detection by probing the GC stationary phase which is coated on an IR transparent column substrate. The optical evanescent field interactions in the mid-infrared spectral region (US. Patent# 9,599,567) allows analyte detection along the column without having to wait for complete elution. These spectral signatures, collected at different points along the column, are analyzed by an algorithm to quickly identify components in a complex mixture. We present results with an ATR-based system that uses a focused tunable quantum cascade laser beam directed by galvo mirrors at points along a molded micro-GC column whose base comprises an optically transparent material coated with the stationary phase.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Selective Targeting of Interferon γ to Stromal Fibroblasts and Pericytes as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Inhibit Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 2841K, Immunohistochemical staining of the PDGFβR and IFNγR in subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors and other organs in mice.&lt;/p&gt;
A flexible, unified radical-based approach to polycyclic structures (2011)

Cis- and trans-decalins, trans-perhydroazulenes, and [5.3.1]-bicyclo-undecanone scaffolds can be readily constructed starting from unsaturated ketones and using the degenerative xanthate transfer technology to accomplish unusual and otherwise difficult radical cyclisations.
A Real-Time Capable Software-Defined Receiver Using GPU for Adaptive Anti-Jam GPS Sensors (2011)

Due to their weak received signal power, Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are vulnerable to radio frequency interference. Adaptive beam and null steering of the gain pattern of a GPS antenna array can significantly increase the resistance of GPS sensors to signal interference and jamming. Since adaptive array processing requires intensive computational power, beamsteering GPS receivers were usually implemented using hardware such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). However, a software implementation using general-purpose processors is much more desirable because of its flexibility and cost effectiveness. This paper presents a GPS software-defined radio (SDR) with adaptive beamsteering capability for anti-jam applications. The GPS SDR design is based on an optimized desktop parallel processing architecture using a quad-core Central Processing Unit (CPU) coupled with a new generation Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) having massively parallel processors. This GPS SDR demonstrates sufficient computational capability to support a four-element antenna array and future GPS L5 signal processing in real time. After providing the details of our design and optimization schemes for future GPU-based GPS SDR developments, the jamming resistance of our GPS SDR under synthetic wideband jamming is presented. Since the GPS SDR uses commercial-off-the-shelf hardware and processors, it can be easily adopted in civil GPS applications requiring anti-jam capabilities.