gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining the Dynamic TNO-Gastrointestinal Tract System with a Caco-2 Cell Culture Model: Application to the Assessment of Lycopene and α-Tocopherol Bioavailability from a Whole Food (2009)

To exert their health effect, phytochemicals such as carotenoids and vitamin E have to be bioavailable. We investigated the digestive stability and intestinal absorption of lycopene and alpha-tocopherol from a whole food containing red tomatoes and sunflower oil using, for the first time, the dynamic gastrointestinal system TNO gastrointestinal tract model (TIM) coupled with Caco-2 cells. Digestive samples were added to Caco-2 cells after appropriate ultracentrifugation, filtration, and dilution. alpha-Tocopherol was stable during digestion in the TIM, whereas a 25% loss was observed for lycopene. The absorption of both compounds was curvilinear, bidirectional, and concentration-dependent. The percentages of alpha-tocopherol absorbed, but not that of lycopene, were lower with digestas compared to those with pure compounds, suggesting competition for absorption with other components of the test meal. According to in vivo data, a lower bioavailability was found for lycopene compared to that for alpha-tocopherol. These results support the usefulness of this in vitro approach for estimating the bioavailability of active compounds from food.
Wavelength-switchable ultra-narrow linewidth fiber laser enabled by a figure-8 compound-ring-cavity filter and a polarization-managed four-channel filter (2021)

We propose and demonstrate a high-performance wavelength-switchable erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL), enabled by a figure-8 compound-ring-cavity (F8-CRC) filter for single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) selection and a polarization-managed four-channel filter (PM-FCF) for defining four lasing wavelengths. We introduce a novel methodology utilizing signal-flow graph combined with Mason's rule to analyze a CRC filter in general and apply it to obtain the important design parameters for the F8-CRC used in this paper. By combining the functions of the F8-CRC filter and the PM-FCF assisted by the enhanced polarization hole-burning and polarization dependent loss, we achieve the EDFL with fifteen lasing states, including four single-, six dual-, four tri- and one quad-wavelength lasing operations. In particular, all the four single-wavelength operations are in stable SLM oscillation, typically with a linewidth of <600 Hz, a RIN of ≤-154.58 dB/Hz@≥3 MHz and an output power fluctuation of ≤±3.45%. In addition, all the six dual-wavelength operations have very similar performances, with the performance parameters close to those of the four single-wavelength operations, superior to our previous work and others' similar work significantly. Finally, we achieve the wavelength-spacing tuning of dual-wavelength operations for photonic generation of tunable microwave signals, and successfully obtain a signal at 23.10 GHz as a demonstration.
Reduced Inertial Sensor System (RISS)/GPS Integration using Particle Filtering for Land Vehicles (2008)

Land vehicle positioning is currently widely achieved
using the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, in
some environments, such as urban canyons or tunnels, the
GPS satellite signal is blocked and there is an interruption
in the positioning information provided. The common
solution for vehicle positioning during GPS outages is to
augment GPS with an inertial measurement unit (IMU).
The information from both systems are fused and the
navigation solution is achieved using an estimation
technique which is most commonly based on Kalman
filter (KF). Targeting a low cost navigation solution for
land vehicles, this research uses a reduced inertial sensor
system (RISS) with MEMS-based inertial sensors. With
the assumption that the vehicle mostly stay in the
horizontal plane, the RISS consist of only one single-axis
gyroscope used together with the vehicle’s odometer and the whole system is integrated with GPS. To improve the
positioning accuracy of the MEMS-based RISS/GPS
integration, particle filtering (PF) is used as a nonlinear
filtering technique. PF is able to deal with nonlinear
models, in contrast with Linearized KF (LKF) and
Extended KF (EKF) which need to linearize the models.
Because of PF ability to deal with nonlinear models, it
can accommodate arbitrary sensor characteristics and
motion dynamics. An enhanced version of Particle
filtering is used which will be called Mixture Particle
filter. The performance of this method is examined by
road test trajectories in land vehicles and is compared to
KF-based technique for RISS/GPS integration. The
results demonstrate that the Particle filter solution
outperforms the Kalman filter solution during GPS
outages.
Alterations in endogenous osteogenic protein‐1 with degeneration of human articular cartilage (2003)

A synchronized balance between synthesis and breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in normal articular cartilage is disturbed in osteoarthritis (OA). The focus of our study is the anabolic factor, osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) that is expressed in articular cartilage and is able to induce the synthesis of ECM components. The major aim was to investigate both qualitatively and quantitatively endogenous OP-1 in normal, degenerative, and OA cartilage. Normal and degenerative cartilage was obtained at autopsies from femoral condyles of human organ donors with no documented history of joint disease; OA cartilage was obtained from patients undergoing joint arthroplasty. Appearance of donor cartilage was evaluated by Collins scale, where normal cartilage is assigned grades 0-1, and degenerated cartilage is assigned grades 2-4. OP-1 mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR; OP-1 protein (pro- and active forms) was qualitatively analyzed by Western blotting and quantified by OP-1 ELISA. The highest levels of OP-1 expression (mRNA and protein) were detected in normal cartilage of grade 0. The concentration of OP-1 protein was about 50 ng per gram cartilage dry weight. With the progression of cartilage degeneration (increased Collins grades and OA) OP-1 protein was down-regulated up to 9-fold. These changes affected primarily the active form of OP-1. OP-1 message also declined in cartilages with the increase of degenerative changes. In conclusion, an overall decrease in endogenous OP-1 in degenerated and OA tissue suggests that OP-1 could be one of the factors responsible for normal homeostasis and matrix integrity in cartilage.
The anomalous dispersion of the disorder-induced and the second-order Raman Bands in Carbon Nanotubes (2000)

In this work we have studied the dispersion of the disorder-induced (D) and the second-order (G') Raman bands in single wall carbon nanotubes using several laser excitation energies (E laser) in the range 1.5-3.0 eV. An anomalous step-like behavior was observed in the E laser dependence of the G'-band frequency. This result is interpreted as a manifestation of the one-dimensional (1D) behavior of the phonon spectrum in carbon nanotubes.
System-level thermal management and concurrent system design of a wearable multicomputer system (2002)

This paper describes the concurrent system design and thermal management of the Navigator2 which is used as a computerized maintenance manual far aircraft inspection with speech recognition capabilities. The Navigator2 is a wearable computer that includes a novel dual architecture, spread spectrum radio, and VGA head-mounted display. The semi-custom electronic design includes two electronic boards-a custom-designed system board and a 486-based processor board. The system board captures glue logic functions and provides support for two PCMCIA slots, a power management microcontroller, memory backup batteries, and a power supply. The thermal design of the Navigator2 develops concurrently with the overall design in a series of stages. A framework of concurrent thermal engineering consisting of three basic stages is used to maintain interdisciplinary interaction while satisfying thermal design goals.
The Impact of the Transmission Pulse Shape in Ultrasound Harmonic Imaging (2021)

Suppressing harmonic components in the transmission (TX) pulses is beneficial in ultrasound harmonic imaging (UHI). Compared to bipolar square waves, sinewave pulses can produce less leakage at harmonic frequencies. However, generating a good sinewave or other arbitrary pulse shapes increases the complexity of the TX electronics. As a consequence, 2-level or multi-level square wave pulses are adopted by many ultrasound systems to drive the transducer. This work quantitatively studies the impact of different TX pulse shapes in UHI based on simulations using the k-Wave toolbox. The image quality is evaluated by two metrics: contrast-to-noise ratio and structural similarity based on cyst phantoms. It shows that 8-level square wave pulses achieve comparable image quality compared to sinewave excitations. This study can be a guideline to trade off the design complexity of TX electronics and image quality for UHI.
Busch Microsystems Consult GmbH: High precision platform for 3 or 5D laser micromachining (2021)

BUSCH incorporates more than 20 years´experience in design and manufacturing of precision motion control to provide turn-key system solutions in the semiconductor, 3D printing, and laser micromachining industries. Get to know us! https://www.busch-microsystems-consult.de/en/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCi9RwycqlJtexyLbQe3brNA
The natural products parthenolide and andrographolide exhibit anti-cancer stem cell activity in multiple myeloma (2011)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy where nearly all patients succumb to a relapse. The current preclinical models of MM target the plasma cells, constituting the bulk of the tumor, leaving the cancer stem cells to trigger a relapse. Utilizing a three-dimensional tissue culture system where cells were grown in extracellular matrix designed to reconstruct human bone marrow, we tested the anti-multiple myeloma cancer stem cell (MM-CSC) potential of two natural product inhibitors of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). Here we show that parthenolide and andrographolide are potent anti-MM-CSC agents. Both natural products demonstrated preferential toxicity toward MM-CSCs over non-tumorigenic MM cells. Addition of the bone marrow stromal compartment abrogated andrographolide activity while having no effect on parthenolide cytoxicity. This is the first report of a natural product with anti-CSC activity in myeloma, suggesting that it has the potential to improve the survival of patients with MM by eliminating the relapse-causing MM-CSCs.
Effects of Intramammary Endotoxin Infusion on Milking-Induced Oxytocin Release (1993)

One overt sign of clinical coliform mastitis in dairy cows is the failure to eject milk normally or to "milk out" the udder. The effect, if any, of coliform mastitis on oxytocin release is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of endotoxin mastitis on milking-induced release of oxytocin in lactating cows. Fifteen multiparous pregnant lactating Holstein cows were divided into three groups of 5 cows each. Cows in group 1 served as controls and received an intramammary infusion of sterile physiological saline. Cows in groups 2 and 3 received intramammary infusions of 12.5 and 25 micrograms of Escherichia coli endotoxin, respectively. Serum concentrations of oxytocin were measured by radioimmunoassay before, during, and after milkings commencing at 6 and 12 h after treatment. Rectal temperatures and milk SCC were monitored to follow the course of inflammation and to verify the biological activity of infused endotoxin. Endotoxin resulted in a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in milking-induced oxytocin release compared with that of control treatments. The effect was most prominent during the first 6 h after infusion and coincided with the peak pyretic response. This study shows that endotoxin-induced mastitis potentiates, rather than inhibits, milking-induced oxytocin release.
Evolution of symbiotic organs and endosymbionts in lygaeid stinkbugs (2011)

We investigated seed bugs of the genus Nysius (Insecta: Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) for their symbiotic bacteria. From all the samples representing 4 species, 18 populations and 281 individuals, specific bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were consistently identified, which formed a distinct clade in the Gammaproteobacteria. In situ hybridization showed that the bacterium was endocellularly localized in a pair of large bacteriomes that were amorphous in shape, deep red in color, and in association with gonads. In the ovary of adult females, the endosymbiont was also localized in the 'infection zone' in the middle of each germarium and in the 'symbiont ball' at the anterior pole of each oocyte, indicating vertical transmission of the endosymbiont through the ovarial passage. Phylogenetic analyses based on bacterial 16S rRNA, groEL and gyrB genes consistently supported a coherent monophyly of the Nysius endosymbionts. The possibility of a sister relationship to 'Candidatus Kleidoceria schneideri', the bacteriome-associated endosymbiont of a lygaeid bug Kleidocerys resedae, was statistically rejected, indicating independent evolutionary origins of the endosymbionts in the Lygaeidae. The endosymbiont genes consistently exhibited AT-biased nucleotide compositions and accelerated rates of molecular evolution, and the endosymbiont genome was only 0.6 Mb in size. The endosymbiont phylogeny was congruent with the host insect phylogeny, suggesting strict vertical transmission and host-symbiont co-speciation over evolutionary time. Based on these results, we discuss the evolution of bacteriomes and endosymbionts in the Heteroptera, most members of which are associated with gut symbiotic bacteria. The designation 'Candidatus Schneideria nysicola' is proposed for the endosymbiont clade.
1,9-Bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,8,9-tetrathia-5-oxanonane (2009)

Disulfide crosslinking of proteins is typically performed by treating proteins bearing cysteine residues with small-molecule disulfide reagents. The process results in the formation of a mixed disulfide intermediate, which then reacts with the cysteine residue of another protein molecule to form the crosslinked product. This second step requires the intimate association of two large reactants. The ensuing steric hindrance can result in poor crosslinking yields. Here, we introduce a bis(disulfide) reagent in which activated disulfides are separated by linkers that can alleviate steric hindrance and thereby potentially increase the efficiency of crosslinking.
Handheld antenna diversity evaluation in a DCS-1800 small cell (2002)

The diversity gain obtained by employing antenna diversity on handheld phones are investigated for the two branch case in the presence of the human head. The envelope correlation coefficient is calculated from measurements of angular distributions of multipath field and complex radiation patterns. The mean effective gain (MEG) and diversity gain is calculated for a 360/spl deg/ rotation of the phone in the environments. The calculated correlation, MEG and diversity gain are compared to measured values in the same environments. It is demonstrated that low correlation and nearly equal branch powers can be obtained on small handhelds even when operated near the human head, and it is concluded that a high return can be expected from antenna diversity on realistic handhelds. Furthermore good agreements is shown between both measured correlation and MEGs and calculated values based on measured angular power densities and complex antenna patterns.
Fluid resuscitation with hemoglobin-vesicle solution does not increase hypoxia or inflammatory responses in moderate hemorrhagic shock (2006)

The aim of the present study was to compare the hypoxic and inflammatory effects of transfusing hemoglobin-vesicles (HbV) or lactated Ringer's (LR) solution on several organs in a hemorrhagic shock model. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 48 anesthetized rats by withdrawing 28 mL/kg blood. The animals were resuscitated by replacing the blood with an equal volume of HbV solution or three times the volume of LR solution. The heart, lung, liver, kidney and spleen were extracted at different time points following resuscitation, and mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined. Blood lactate concentrations in the HbV group rapidly returned to baseline levels, whereas elevated lactate concentrations in the LR group were prolonged. There were no significant differences between the two resuscitation groups in terms of HIF-1alpha and TNF-alpha expression in the organs examined. HIF-1alpha and TNF-alpha expression in the lungs was significantly greater than in other organs. Our results suggest that resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock with HbV did not increase hypoxic or inflammatory effects in major organs, compared with resuscitation using LR solution, despite prolonged elevation of blood lactate.
Linear DNA amplicons as a novel cancer vaccine strategy (2022)

Abstract DNA-based vaccines represent a simple, safe and promising strategy for harnessing the immune system to fight infectious diseases as well as various forms of cancer and thus are considered an important tool in the cancer immunotherapy toolbox. Nonetheless, the manufacture of plasmid DNA vaccines has several drawbacks, including long lead times and the need to remove impurities from bacterial cultures. Here we report the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-produced amplicon expression vectors as DNA vaccines and their in vivo application to elicit antigen-specific immune responses in animal cancer models. Amplicons encoding tumor-associated-antigens, such as telomerase reverse transcriptase or neoantigens expressed by murine tumor cell lines were able to elicit antigen-specific immune responses and proved to significantly impact tumor growth when administered in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These results strongly support the further exploration of the use of PCR-based amplicons as an innovative immunotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment.
Tolerance of N-Chlorotaurine, an Endogenous Antimicrobial Agent, in the Rabbit and Human Eye— A Phase I Clinical Study (1998)

N-chlorotaurine (NCT), an essential weak oxidative N-chloro compound produced by stimulated human leukocytes, shows bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal and vermicidal efficacy. A double-blind, randomized and placebo controlled study was done to evaluate the tolerance of the aqueous NCT solution by application to rabbit and human conjunctiva. In six rabbits treated with 1% and 3% NCT regimen for nine days no ocular and behaviour changes could be observed. In a pilot study with two volunteers, treatment with 2.8% NCT for five days caused a self-limited conjunctival injection of one subject, while 1% NCT was well tolerated. Subsequently, eight healthy volunteers participated in a phase I clinical study. One percent NCT was applied for five days and was well tolerated by all subjects except for minimal eye burning after the application. Because of these positive results, usage of the antimicrobial agent NCT in ophthalmology is suggested.
Graphical definitions: making spreadsheets visual through direct manipulation and gestures (2002)

Until now, attempts to extend the one way constraint evaluation model of the spreadsheet paradigm to support complex objects, such as colored circles or user defined types, have led to approaches featuring either a direct way of creating objects graphically or strong compatibility with the spreadsheet paradigm, but not both. This inability to conveniently go beyond numbers and strings without straying outside the spreadsheet paradigm has been a limiting factor in the applicability of spreadsheets. We present a technique that removes this limitation, allowing complex objects to be programmed directly-and in a manner that fits seamlessly within the spreadsheet paradigm-using direct manipulation and gestures. An empirical study has shown that programmers can use this technique to program complex objects faster and with fewer errors. We show that the graphical definitions technique not only expands the applicability of spreadsheet languages, it also adds to their support for exploratory programming and to their scalability.
DEOXYBENZOINS FROM AROMATIC ALDEHYDES (1982)

Abstract Aromatic aldehydes were easily converted into the corresponding deoxybenzoins by treatment with methyl thiocyanate in the presence of tributylphosphine, followed by addition of sodium hydride.
The Effectiveness of Learning Simulations for Electronic Laboratories (2002)

Abstract This work investigates the efficacy of software simulations of electronic circuits laboratories to support beginning electrical engineering students. Experiment 1 was a formative evaluation of an Electronic Laboratory Simulator (ELS), as an optional add‐on to physical labs for 120 subjects at four universities. All subjects received the same treatment: their normal classes and physical labs, with optional use of simulated labs. Subjects took written tests specific to the lab's content, before and after using each simulated lab. Only subjects who took both pre‐ and post‐tests were included. Pre‐ and post‐test comparisons indicated significant improvement in both theory and lab knowledge when scores for all labs were combined, but inconsistent performance on individual labs. As the treatment included other learning opportunities in addition to simulated labs, the results were not attributed to the simulations, but provided initial indications and qualitative data on subjects' experiences. These helped to improve the labs and the implementation strategies. Experiment 2 used 40 college sophomores in a beginning electronic circuits lab. Physical lab subjects received seven physical labs. Combined lab subjects received a combination of seven simulated labs and two physical labs. The latter repeated two of the simulated labs to provide physical lab practice. Both treatments used the same assignments. Learner outcome measures were: (a) time required to complete a new criterion physical lab; (b) score on written lab and theory tests over all the labs; and (c) comments on the lab experience. The group that used combined simulated and physical labs performed significantly better on the written tests than the group using entirely physical labs. Both groups were equivalent in time to complete the criterion physical lab. Comments about the simulated labs were generally positive, and also provided specific suggestions for changes.
Fabrication of the pinhole aperture for AdaptiSPECT (2014)

AdaptiSPECT is a pre-clinical pinhole SPECT imaging system under final construction at the Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging. The system is designed to be able to autonomously change its imaging configuration. The system comprises 16 detectors mounted on translational stages to move radially away and towards the center of the field-of-view. The system also possesses an adaptive pinhole aperture with multiple collimator diameters and pinhole sizes, as well as the possibility to switch between multiplexed and non-multiplexed imaging configurations. In this paper, we describe the fabrication of the AdaptiSPECT pinhole aperture and its controllers.