gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Design of Ion Selective Macrocycles and the Solid-Phase Extraction of Ions Using Molecular Recognition Technology: A Synopsis (2000)

Abstract We have combined organic synthesis and the study of cation complexation properties of the crown ethers in an effort to design and prepare macrocyclic ligands that will selectively bind specific cations.1–3 The bis-phenol-containing diazacrown ethers allow a great number of possibilities for designing ion selectivity into macro-cyclic ligands. In these cases, the macrocyclic ligand can be varied as can the type and position of attachment of the phenolic group. Any of these variations can have profound effects on complexation properties. For example, ligand 1 (see Figure 1), where two 5-chloro-8-hydroxy-quinoline (CHQ) groups are attached through their positions 7, is selective for Mg2+ over other alkali and alkaline earth metal ions (see Table I).4 On the other hand, ligand 2, where the two CHQ groups are attached through their positions 2, exhibits remarkable selectivity for K+ and Ba2+ over all other metal ions studied. The chemical shifts of the CHQ protons in the 1H NMR spectra of K+- and Ba2+- complexes with 2 shift significantly upfield in relation to the free ligand. These shifts are indicative of an overlap of the two CHQ substituents. Indeed, the crystal structure of the Ba2+-2 complex shows that Ba2+ is in the center of a pseudo-cryptand with the diazacrown forming two arms and the two overlapping CHQ groups forming the third.4,5 This pseudo-cryptand formation accounts for the fact that the K+-2 and Ba2+-2 complexes are so stable in comparison to complexes of 2 with the other alkali and alkaline earth cations.
Análise exploratória e por correlação sobre o impacto dos testes de acessibilidade em projetos de desenvolvimento de software para PC (2023)

O trabalho é composto por uma introdução teórica que conceitua engenharia de software, desenvolvimento de software, testes, defeitos escapados, experiência do usuário, usabilidade e acessibilidade. Com o objetivo de realizar uma pesquisa na área de testes voltados para a acessibilidade, foi proposta uma análise de projetos reais. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gerentes de projetos de software que já se encontram no mercado, extração de dados provenientes dos mesmos projetos, análise exploratória dos dados, testes de correlação e estruturação dos resultados encontrados. Ao fim da pesquisa, observou-se a relevância de alguns dados e a significância da relação entre eles. A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se a relevância da construção de casos de testes para acessibilidade, bem como os fatores que contribuem para que as equipes deem a devida atenção aos testes de acessibilidade, como composição da equipe e colaborações externas.
Display space usage and window management operation comparisons between single monitor and multiple monitor users (2004)

The continuing trend toward greater processing power, larger storage, and in particular increased display surface by using multiple monitor supports increased multi-tasking by the computer user. The concomitant increase in desktop complexity has the potential to push the overhead of window management to frustrating and counterproductive new levels. It is difficult to adequately design for multiple monitor systems without understanding how multiple monitor users differ from, or are similar to, single monitor users. Therefore, we deployed a tool to a group of single monitor and multiple monitor users to log window management activity. Analysis of the data collected from this tool revealed that usage of interaction components may change with an increase in number of monitors, and window visibility can be a useful measure of user display space management activity, especially for multiple monitor users. The results from this analysis begin to fill a gap in research about real-world window management practices.
MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) Format (2013)

The MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) consists of information that is exchanged between the MAC and the Physical (PHY) layers. When the MAC Layer needs to communicate information with one or more peer-MAC Layers, it generates an MPDU. This chapter provided a description of the structure and operation of the HomePlug AV MAC protocol Data Unit, and explained the formats used for key delimiters (such as SOF and RTS/CTS) as well as the Beacon, Sound, and Data MPDUs. Beacon MPDUs play an important role in network management, controlling channel access and topology discovery. The Start-of-Frame (SOF) MPDU provides the primary means for stations to exchange data and management information. Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS) are primarily intended to handle hidden station within the network. The selective acknowledgment (SACK) Frame Control fields is divided into groups based on the functionality they support. Controlled Vocabulary Terms home networks; media access protocol
Towards Traffic Benchmarks for Empirical Networking Research: The Role of Connection Structure in Traffic Workload Modeling (2012)

Networking research would be well served by the adoption of a set of traffic benchmarks to model network applications for empirical evaluations; such benchmarks are common in many other areas of computing. While it has long been known that certain aspects of modeling traffic, such as round trip time, can dramatically affect application and network performance, there is still no agreement as to how such components should be controlled within an experiment. In this paper we advance the discussion of standards for empirical networking research by demonstrating how certain components of network traffic, such as the structure of application data exchanges within a TCP connection, can have a larger impact on the results obtained through experimentation than other dimensions of traffic such as round-trip time. Such findings point to the pressing need for traffic benchmarks in networking research. Through testbed experiments performed with synthetically generated network traffic from two very different traffic sources, and using several models of TCP connection structure, we demonstrate the strong effects of connection structure in traffic workload modeling on performance measures such as queue length at routers, number of active connections in the network, user response times, and connection durations.
The Molecular Origin of Anti-DNA Antibodies (1989)

The in vitro observation that a single point mutation in the protective anti-phosphorylcholine anti-bacterial antibody, S107, converts it into an autoantibody that reacts with dsDNA has focused our attention on the role of somatic mutation in generating autoantibodies. It has also led us to examine the significance of an individual's prior response to environmental antigens on the subsequent production of autoantibodies. The fact that genes of the S107 heavy chain variable region family could encode autoantibodies made it possible to clone and sequence the relevant germline genes of this small family from autoimmune (NZB x NZW)F1 mice and to compare these to the comparable genes in non-autoimmune mice. The germline genes from the normal and autoimmune mice are quite homologous and the small number of polymorphisms are not likely to predispose the autoimmune mice to the production of autoantibodies. (NZB x NZW)F1 mice respond to immunization with phosphorylcholine with a response that is largely encoded by the VH1 gene of the S107 family. However, when these same mice begin to make autoantibodies, their anti-DNA antibodies which are encoded by this family are in fact derived from the VH11 gene. The VH11 encoded anti-DNA antibodies which have been sequenced are all of the IgG2a subclass, react with dsDNA, and have undergone significant somatic diversification from the germline gene. Analysis of the ratio and location of the replacement and silent mutations suggests that the regulation of the autoantibody response differs from that of the normal response to foreign antigens. Our studies suggest that the utilization of a particular VH germline gene in the immune response to foreign antigens early in life does not lead to the preferential utilization of that same gene in the subsequent production of autoantibodies.
An autonomic and policy-based authorization framework for OpenFlow networks (2017)

The Network Access Control (NAC) management is a critical task, especially in current networks that are composed of many heterogeneous things (Internet of Things) connected to share data, resources and Internet access. The Software-Defined Networking (SDN) simplifies the network design and operation, and offers new opportunities (programmability, flexibility, dy-namicity, and standardization) to manage the network. Despite this, the access control management remains a challenge, once managing security policies involves dealing with a large set of access control rules, detecting conflicting policies, defining priorities, delegating rights, and reacting against network state changes and events. This work presents the HACFlow, a novel, autonomic, and policy-based framework for access control management in OpenFlow networks. HACFlow aims to simplify and automate the network management allowing network operators to govern rights of network entities by defining dynamic, fine-grained, and high-level access control policies. We analyzed the performance of HACFlow and compared it against related approaches.
Analysis of Glabrous Canary Seeds by ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and Western Blotting for the Absence of Cross-Reactivity with Major Plant Food Allergens (2013)

Glabrous (hairless) canary seed belongs to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family and could serve as an alternative source of gluten-free cereal grain. In this study, allergenic cross-reactivities between hairless, dehulled canary seeds (Phalaris canariensis) and major allergenic proteins from gluten, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, sesame, and mustard were studied using commercial enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits specific for these target allergens. Mass spectrometry (MS) and immunoblotting were further used to assess for the presence of gluten-specific protein fragments. MS results revealed the likely presence of proteins homologous with rice, oat, corn, carrot, tomato, radish, beet, and chickpea. However, no presence of celiac-related gluten fragments from wheat, rye, barley, or their derivatives was found. Immunoblotting studies yielded negative results, further confirming the absence of gluten in the canary seed samples tested. No cross-reactivities were detected between canary seeds and almond, hazelnut, mustard, peanut, sesame, soy, walnut, and gluten using ELISA.
Analysis of Sawdust by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2004)

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Sawdust is an example of a forest product residue (byproduct of paper and lumber production) of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of sawdust provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel (C, H, N, S, and O); chlorine analysis — reported here as part of the ultimate analysis but formally a separate procedure; proximate analysis — the proximate composition of the fuel (moisture, fixed carbon, volatiles, and ash); heating value — the specific heat of combustion; ash chemistry analysis — an elemental analysis of the ash content, expressed as oxides (which does not imply that they occur as oxides in the fuel). These data are summarized with the XPS spectra.
Measurements of low-level atmospheric turbulence (1999)

Phase-diversity wavefront sensing has been implemented for the measurement of turbulence-distorted atmospheric wavefronts in applications of adaptive optics for essentially-horizontal propagation paths. The selected implementation of phase-diversity provides a wavefront sensor capable of estimating atmospheric distortions when observing extended scenes and provides a range-weighted sensing of the atmospheric distortions dependent on the angular region of the scene used for measurement. The data inversion, based on a Green's function analysis, is fast and robust enough for real-time implementation. For measurements of the atmospheric properties this wavefront sensor is being used with bright, compact sources to give high signal to noise measurements for integrated atmospheric effects along defined optical paths. The implementation used facilitates measurements of the atmospheric distortions along separate propagation paths. By simultaneous measurements along 3 separate paths a library of spatio-temporal atmospheric distortions and information about the isoplanicity of the distortions will be compiled for use in assessing applications of adaptive optics in horizontal propagation conditions. The principles of measurement, the details of implementation and some preliminary results will be described.
Health promoting effects of phytonutrients found in palm oil. (2010)

The oil palm tree, Elaeis guineesis, is the source of palm oil, otherwise known as the "tropical golden oil". To date, Malaysia and Indonesia are the leading producers of palm oil. Palm oil is widely used for domestic cooking in Malaysia. Palm oil is a rich source of phytonutrients such as tocotrienols, tocopherol, carotene, phytosterols, squalene, coenzyme Q10, polyphenols, and phospholipids. Although the phytonutrients constitute only about 1% of its weight in crude palm oil, these are the main constituents through which palm oil exhibits its nutritional properties. Among the major health promoting properties shown to be associated with the various types of phytonutrients present in palm oil are anti-cancer, cardio-protection and anti-angiogenesis, cholesterol inhibition, brain development and neuro protective properties, antioxidative defence mechanisms, provitamin A activity and anti-diabetes.
Gene expression profiling to identify markers associated with deregulated hTERT in HPV‐transformed keratinocytes and cervical cancer (2007)

Although high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays a major role in the development of cervical cancer, additive oncogenic events are involved as well. One key event involves increased activity of telomerase resulting from a deregulated expression of its catalytic subunit hTERT. Our previous microcell-mediated chromosome transfer studies revealed that introduction of human chromosome 6 in the HPV16-immortalized keratinocyte cell line FK16A and in the HPV16-containing cervical cancer cell line SiHa induced growth arrest, resulting from a repression of hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity. Here, this model was used to analyze expression profiles associated with hTERT deregulation in HPV-transformed cells. Microarray expression analysis of 12 FK16A/chromosome 6 hybrids, 4 of which were negative for endogenous hTERT and 8 of which were positive for endogenous hTERT, resulted in the identification of 164 differentially expressed genes. Differential expression of a selection of 5 genes was verified by real-time RT-PCR. Of these 164 genes, 32 were also differentially expressed in other HPV transformed cells with deregulated hTERT. For 2 of these genes, encoding AQP3 and MGP, altered expression in hTERT positive cervical carcinomas was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Moreover, increased MGP protein expression was significantly more frequent in high-grade cervical premalignant lesions with elevated hTERT mRNA expression compared to those without. In summary, we identified 32 candidate biomarkers for deregulated hTERT mRNA expression, which may enable the identification of cervical premalignant lesions that are at highest risk to progress to invasive cancer.
Regulation of brain endothelial cell tight junction permeability (1998)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) forms when endothelial cells (ECs) that make up brain capillaries adopt the dual features of a low rate of fluid phase endocytosis and high resistance tight junctions. Although the BBB has been studied for more than 100 years and is recognized as being important in establishing an appropriate extracellular environment for cells in the brain, there are a surprising number of fundamental uncertainties concerning the formation and regulation of this barrier. One question concerns the time of formation of the BBB, with estimates ranging, for rodent, from embryonic day 15 or so to postnatal day 14 (Mollgard and Saunders, 1986; Risau and Wolberg, 1990). Further, it is not clear whether the barrier forms all at once – becomes impermeable to proteins and ions simultaneously, or only gradually, with, perhaps, ionic impermeability being achieved after macromolecular impermeability. Another question concerns the induction of BBB formation. It is thought that ECs in brain become different from those in the periphery when exposed to factors found only in the brain environment (Stewart and Wiley, 1981). These factors, however, are still unknown. Until recently, it was thought by most investigators that astrocytes were the source of such factors (Janzer and Raff, 1987), perhaps the only such source, but this has recently been called into question (Holash and Stewart, 1993).
Analyzing Direct Effects in Randomized Trials with Secondary Interventions (2007)

The Methods for Improving Reproductive Health in Africa (MIRA) trial is a recently completed randomized trial that investigated the effect of diaphragm and lubricant gel use in reducing HIV infection among susceptible women. 5,045 women were randomly assigned to either the active treatment arm or not. Additionally, all subjects in both arms received intensive condom counselling and provision, the "gold standard" HIV prevention barrier method. There was much lower reported condom use in the intervention arm than in the control arm, making it difficult to answer important public health questions based solely on the intention-to-treat analysis. We adapt an analysis technique from causal inference to estimate the "direct effects" of assignment to the diaphragm arm, adjusting for condom use in an appropriate sense. Issues raised in the MIRA trial apply to other trials of HIV prevention methods, some of which are currently being conducted or designed.
Abstract 9916: Potent Antithrombotic Effect of a Small-molecule, Reversible and Direct Inhibitor of Factor XIa With Minimum Bleeding Time Effect In Rabbit Models of Arterial Thrombosis and Hemostasis (2013)

BMS-654457 ((+) 3’-(6-carbamimidoyl-4-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-2-yl)-4-carbamoyl-5’-(3-methyl-butyrylamino)-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid). is a potent, reversible and direct factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitor. It inhibits human FXIa with K i of 0.2 nM and with &gt;1000 fold selectivity over most of the relevant serine proteases. We conducted an in vivo proof of concept study and characterized the antithrombotic and bleeding time (BT) effects of BMS-654457 in rabbits. The direct thrombin inhibitor melagatran was included as a reference agent. BMS-654457 and melagatran were studied in rabbit models of electrically-induced carotid arterial thrombosis and cuticle bleeding. Compounds were given as an IV bolus plus infusion 30 min or IV infusion 60 min before the initiation of thrombosis or cuticle transection. Integrated carotid blood flow over 90 min (iCBF, % control) was used as a marker of the antithrombotic effect. Ex vivo clotting times were measured by using a commercial hemostasis analyzer. BMS-654457 at 0.011+0.008, 0.037+0.027, 0.11+0.08, 0.37+0.27 and 1.1+0.8 mg/kg+mg/kg/h IV increased iCBF to 17±3, 46±6*, 48±9*, 87±10* and 96±5%*, respectively, vs . 16 ± 3% in the vehicle-treated group (n=6 per group, *P&lt;0.05, vs . vehicle). The antithrombotic EC 50 (concentration that increased iCBF by 50% of the control, μM) was 0.28 for BMS-654457 and 0.15 for melagatran. At their top equivalent antithrombotic doses, BMS-654457 and melagatran increased BT by 1.33±0.08 and 6.7±0.3-fold, respectively (n=6 per group). As expected for a FXIa inhibitor, BMS-654457 increased ex vivo activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) without changing prothrombin time and thrombin time. The antithrombotic effect of BMS-654457 was significantly correlated with its ex vivo aPTT, supporting ex vivo aPTT as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. This study demonstrated that BMS-654457 is as effective as melagatran in the prevention of arterial thrombosis in rabbits, and prolonged BT less than melagatran. These findings suggest that inhibition of FXIa, with a small-molecule, reversible and direct inhibitor, may represent a promising antithrombotic therapy with a wide therapeutic index.
Gene Delivery by Viruses (2001)

Abstract Viral vector systems are very useful for delivering genes to cells. Commonly used systems include vectors derived from retroviruses, lentiviruses, adenoviruses, adeno‐associated viruses and herpesviruses.
Optically Active Dopants Incorporating A 2, 4-Disubstituted Oxazolpe Ring (1997)

Abstract Novel optically active dopants for smectic C devices incorporating a 2, 4-disubstituted oxazoline ring have been prepared from readily available starting materials. We report the observation of highly frustrated phase behaviour when these materials are added to a smectic C and nematic host, depending upon the degree of branching at the terminal chain adjacent to the chiral centre and the concentration of dopant used in the mixtures.
Thermoelectric generator placed on the human body: system modeling and energy conversion improvements (2010)

This paper focuses on the production of electricity using a thermoelectric generator placed on the human body connected to a dc-dc converter. The small difference in temperature between the hot heat source (e.g. the human body, Tb = 37 °C) and the cold heat source (e.g. ambient air, Ta = 22 °C), associated with a poor quality thermal coupling (mainly with the cold source), leads to a very low temperature gradient at the thermoelectric generator terminals and hence low productivity. Under these use conditions, the present article proposes an analysis of various ways to improve productivity given a surface capture system. Furthermore, we demonstrated, in this particular context, that maximizing the recovered electric power proves to be a different problem from that of maximizing efficiency, e.g. the figure of merit Z. We therefore define a new factor ZE, depending on the physical characteristics of thermoelectric materials, that maximizes electric power in the particular case where the thermal coupling is poor. Finally, this study highlights the benefit of sub-optimization of the power extracted from the thermoelectric generator to further improve efficiency of the overall system. We show that, given the conversion efficiency of the dc-dc converter, the maximum power point of the overall system is no more reached when the output voltage of the thermoelectric generator is equal to half of its electromotive force.
Local zero knowledge (2006)

We put forward the notion of Local Zero Knowledge and provide its first implementations in a variety of settings under standard complexity assumptions.Whereas the classical notion of Zero Knowledge guarantees the secrecy only of information that is hard to compute, the new one meaningfully guarantees the secrecy of any information (in case of perfect zero-knowledge, and asymptotically in all other cases). Consequently, Local Zero Knowledge remains very meaningful even if DP = NP.