gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-Line Electrical Metrology for High-K Gate Dielectrics Deposited by Atomic Layer CVD (2003)

The use of an in-line electrical metrology tool for evaluation and characterization of high-k dielectrics has been investigated. The equivalent oxide thickness obtained from the KLA-Tencor Quantox agrees well with high-frequency capacitance-voltage (C-V) results. The ACTIV Jg index parameter shows good correlation with the gate current obtained from C-V measurements. Therefore, this tool can be used as a fast and much less expensive evaluation tool for optimization of high-k process conditions and process stability monitoring. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Management and outcomes of haemorrhage after pancreatogastrostomy versus pancreatojejunostomy (2011)

The type of pancreatic anastomosis and its inherent effect on endoscopic accessibility had very little impact on the outcome of PPH. This was because haemorrhage frequently occurred from intra-abdominal or non-anastomotic intraluminal lesions.
Evaluation of a Real-Time Direct Volume Rendering System (1996)

VIRIM, a real-time direct volume rendering system is evaluated for medical applications. Experiences concerning the hardware architecture are discussed. The issues are the flexibility of VIRIM, the restriction to two gradient components only, the duplication of the volume data sets on different modules, the size of the volume data set, the gray-value segmentation tool, and the support of algorithmic improvements like space- leaping, early ray-termination and others.It turned out that flexibility is the main benefit and absolutely necessary for VIRIM. Given this flexibility the application areas of real-time rendering systems increase dramatically: Most of the user requirements focus now not on visualization but on general volume data processing. The most serious bot­ tleneck of VIRIM is the limited volume memory that is inte­ grated on the first prototype.
Capillary electrochromatography: operating characteristics and enantiomeric separations (1996)

Some fundamental aspects of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) (electroosmotic flow, capacity factor, plate height) were studied by carrying out the separation of some neutral compounds with capillaries packed with octadecylsilica particles (ODS). No loss of efficiency up to a linear electroosmotic velocity of 1.3 mm/s was observed for retained analytes (capacity factors varying from 0.7 to 2.5). The extra-column dispersions caused by the frit and the unpacked section separating the frit from the detection window were estimated. Chiral separations of the neutral enantiomers of chlorthalidone by packed capillary electrochromatography was successfully achieved using two approaches: (a) use of the chiral agent, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) directly in the mobile phase with an achiral stationary phase (3 μm ODS); (b) use of a chiral stationary phase (5 μm HPβCD-bonded silica particles) with an achiral mobile phase. As with liquid chromatography, the second method achieves higher selectivity and resolution in a shorter analysis time.
Experimental study on cogging-torque reduction of transverse-flux motor with skewed armature cores (2017)

Transverse-flux motors are suitable for getting high torque density by increasing their number of poles owing to the independent coil design from the number of poles. However, these kinds of motors typically have a large amount of permanent magnets with increasing the number of poles. We have designed a transverse-flux motor with a consequent-pole rotor having almost half amount of magnets compared with conventional surface-mounted magnet rotors. Although this motor can generate comparably large average torque to the conventional motors, it has larger cogging torque. And, conventional skew structures, often applied to axially uniform motors, are generally effective for reducing the cogging torque by offsetting dominant harmonic components but cannot be applied to transverse-flux motors including our motor due to their axially non-uniform structure. This paper describes radially skewed armature cores, compatible to basic configuration of general transverse-flux motors, for the cogging torque reduction of our motor. Results of FEM magnetic analysis and its spectral analysis indicate that the most dominant harmonic component of the cogging torque reduces by 96%, and consequently, peak-to-peak value of the three-phase cogging torque reduces by 87%. These analysis results are almost agreed with experimental result, in which the most dominant harmonic component reduces by 86% and peak-to-peak value of the cogging torque can be approximately estimated to decrease by 82%. Therefore, the radial skew structure could be verified to effectively suppress the cogging torque of the transverse-flux motor.
Molecular Dynamics Analysis of the Formation of Surface Roughness during Si Etching in Chlorine-Based Plasmas (2011)

Addition of oxygen to Cl 2 discharge is widely used in Si etching for the fabrication of gate electrodes and shallow trench isolation. As the control of etching processes becomes more critical, a deeper understanding of plasma-surface interactions is required for the formation of roughened surfaces during etching. In particular, a small amount of O 2 often leads to profile anomalies such as residues, micropillars, and roughened surfaces. In this study, we focus on the mechanism underlying local surface oxidation during Si etching in Cl 2 /O 2 plasmas, and analyze the relationship between local surface oxidation and surface roughness on the nanometer scale, by a classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The numerical results indicated that O radicals tend to break Si–Si bonds and distort the Si lattice structure; thus, nanometer-scale micromasks tend to be formed on convex roughened surfaces, owing to the reactivity of O radicals with substrate Si atoms and Cl atoms. The results also imply that the nanometer-scale micromasks significantly affect the formation of roughened surfaces and evolution of micropillars.
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease (PRNP P102L): Amyloid Deposits Are Best Recognized by Antibodies Directed to Epitopes in PrP Region 90-165 (1995)

Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease is a familial neurological disorder pathologically characterized by accumulation of prion protein (PrP) in the form of fibrillary and non-fibrillary deposits within the cerebrum and cerebellum. We have studied two patients in whom the disease is caused by a leucine for proline amino acid substitution at residue 102 of PrP. In both patients, the neuropathologic findings are similar, consisting of spongiform changes, amyloid deposits, and gliosis. To investigate the antigenic profile of PrP deposits, we used antibodies raised against several peptides that correspond to segments of the N-terminus, repeat region, midregion, and C-terminus of PrP. By immunohistochemistry, PrP amyloid cores are best labeled by antibodies directed to epitopes spanning PrP residues 90-165. In GSS disease caused by a substitution of thymine to cytosine at PRNP codon 198 (Indiana kindred), the major amyloidogenic peptide spans residues 58-150; therefore, in these two genetic forms of GSS disease, amyloid may be composed of different peptides.
Recombinant DNA Technology and Cell Line Development (2005)

Production of recombinant proteins in animal cell culture for research, clinical development, and commercial purposes necessarily begins with the construction of a suitable cell line. The choice of expression system and mode of expression is generally based on the nature of the protein to be expressed, the quantity of material needed, and the timeframe over which maintained production is required. Mammalian expression systems are generally favored for the production of large, highly disulﬁde bound or glycosylated proteins. For production of small quantities of such molecules over a short timeframe, transient expression systems can be the method of choice whereas for clinical or commercial production, stable expression systems capable of continuous product expression over prolonged periods (months) generally are required. This chapter will discuss in detail the steps involved in the process of construction, selection, and screening of stable cell lines for industrial production of biotechnology products (Fig. 1).
Development of the Integrated Environmental Control Model. Quarterly progress report (1993)

The purpose of this contract is to develop and refine the Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM) created and enhanced by Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) for the US Department of Energy`s Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (DOE/PETC) under contract Numbers FG22-83PC60271 and AC22-87PC79864. In its current configuration, the IECM provides a capability to model various conventional and advanced processes for controlling air pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants before, during, or after combustion. The principal purpose of the model is to calculate the performance, emissions, and cost of power plant configurations employing alternative environmental control methods. The model consists of various control technology modules, which may be integrated into a complete utility plant in any desired combination. In contrast to conventional deterministic models, the IECM offers the unique capability to assign probabilistic values to all model input parameters, and to obtain probabilistic outputs in the form of cumulative distribution functions indicating the likelihood of different costs and performance results. The work in this contract is divided into two phases. Phase I deals with further developing the existing version of the IECM and training PETC personnel on the effective use of the model. Phase II deals with creating new technology modules, linking the IECM with PETC databases, and training PETC personnel on the effective use of the updated model.
Rayleigh backscattered radiation produced by an arbitrary incident mode in multimode optical fibers (2018)

The recently developed diffraction technique of analytical investigation of the Rayleigh backscattering produced by an incident fundamental mode in a multimode optical fiber with an arbitrary refractive index profile is generalized to admit an arbitrary incident mode, either radial or azimuthal. The relative powers of all backscattered modes are determined with explicit formulas via the properly normalized transverse distributions of the incident and backscattered mode fields within the fiber cross section. The regularities conditioned by azimuthal indices are expressed via a universal set of coefficients, and dependences on the radial mode indices are estimated numerically. Excitation coefficients are shown to be symmetrical for any pair of incident and backscattered modes.
Solid-state NMR measurements and DFT calculations of the magnetic shielding tensors of protons of water trapped in barium chlorate monohydrate (2014)

The magnetic shielding tensors of protons of water in barium chlorate monohydrate are investigated by means of solid-state NMR spectroscopy, both for static powders and under magic-angle spinning conditions.
Wave digital filter structures with variable frequency characteristics (1976)

This paper presents a universal structure for wave digital filters. These universal structures can be modified to achieve any desired digital frequency specifications by simply changing the value of the structure multipliers without altering the overall structure. Utilizing these structures, it becomes feasible to realize digital filters with simultaneously varying bandwidth and center frequency.
One Piece Stamped I-Beam Axle (1980)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Recent accomplishments, made possible by advances in manufacturing and material technology, have led to the development of a one-piece stamped I-Beam axle with ball joints as a replacemet to the forged axle with king pin design.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The new stamped I-Beam axle brings with it a number of improvements to Ford's Twin I-Beam suspension system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the objectives, improvements, evolution of the design, testing, and the manufacturing process for this latest suspension system improvement on Ford light trucks.&lt;/div&gt;
Comparison of Luminescent Immunoassays Using Biotinylated Proteins of Aequorin, Alkaline Phosphatase and Horseradish Peroxidase as Reporters (2008)

We compare aequorin, alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase as reporters for luminescent immunoassays using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a model analyte. Biotinylated aequorin was prepared from mutated aequorin containing a reactive cysteine residue by chemical conjugation. The measurable range of AFP using this biotinylated aequorin was 0.02-200 ng/ml, with a lower background level than the other biotinylated enzymes tested.
Prostate-specific antigen: an overlooked candidate for the targeted treatment and selective imaging of prostate cancer (2010)

The role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) as a biomarker for prostate cancer is well known; however, the precise physiological role of it's serine protease activity in prostate cancer remains a mystery. PSA is produced at high levels by both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancers. Studies have documented high levels of active PSA in the milieu surrounding osseous and soft tissue metastases. This evidence, coupled with growing experimental evidence, suggests that PSA plays an important role in the pathobiology of prostate cancer. These observations support the development of PSA-selective inhibitors as useful tools for the targeted treatment and imaging of prostate cancer. Here, we review the research that has been conducted to date on developing selective inhibitors for PSA. The different approaches used to determine PSA substrate specificity and for creating inhibitors are discussed. In addition, the unique active site characteristics of PSA and how these motifs aided our research in developing PSA targeted agents are highlighted.
C2.1 FLAIR Airborne System for Multi-Species Atmospheric Gas Spectroscopy in the mid-IR (2020)

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Role of pausing in text-to-speech synthesis for simultaneous interpretation. (2013)

The goal of simultaneous speech-to-speech (S2S) translation is to translate source language speech into target language with low latency. While conventional speech-to-speech (S2S) translation systems typically ignore the source language acousticprosodic information such as pausing, exploiting such information for simultaneous S2S translation can potentially aid in the chunking of source text into short phrases that can be subsequently translated incrementally with low latency. Such an approach is often used by human interpreters in simultaneous interpretation. In this work we investigate the phenomena of pausing in simultaneous interpretation and study the impact of utilizing such information for target language text-to-speech synthesis in a simultaneous S2S system. On one hand, we superimpose the source language pause information obtained through forced alignment (or decoding) in an isomorphic manner on the target side while on the other hand, we use a classifier to predict the pause information for the target text by exploiting features from the target language, source language or both. We contrast our approach with the baseline that does not use any pauses. We perform our investigation on a simultaneous interpretation corpus of Parliamentary speeches and present subjective evaluation results based on the quality of synthesized target speech.
Structure and solvatochromism of heteroaromatic aminoketones containing thiophene moieties (2005)

Abstract A series of N ‐substituted phenyl‐2‐thienyl ketones including 2‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)thiophene (FLBT, 1a ), 2‐(4‐piperidinobenzoyl)thiophene (PIBT, 1b ), 2‐(4‐morpholinobenzoyl)thiophene (MOBT, 1c ), 2‐(4‐thiomorpholinobenzoyl)thiophene (THBT, 1d ), 2‐(4‐phenylpiperazinobenzoyl)thiophene (PHBT, 1e ), 2‐(4‐pyrrolidinobenzoyl)‐thiophene (PYBT, 1f ), 2‐(4‐hydroxyethylpiperazinobenzoyl)thiophene (HYBT, 1g ), 1,4‐bis(4‐benzoyl‐2‐thienyl)piperazine (BBTP, 2 ) and 1,6‐bis(4‐benzoyl‐2‐thienyl)‐ N , N ′‐dimethylhexamethylenediamine (BBDA, 3 ) have been investigated regarding solvatochromism and solid‐state structure. Solvatochromic properties have been analyzed using the Kamlet–Taft linear solvation energy relationship. The influence of the dipolarity/polarizability (π*) and hydrogen‐bond acidity (α) of the solvent, respectively, on the portions of the bathochromic UV–Vis band shift as a function of substituent is discussed. The solid‐state structures of 1b (C 16 H 17 NOS), 1c (C 15 H 15 NO 2 S) and 1f (C 15 H 15 NOS) have been determined by single‐crystal x‐ray structure analysis. Crystallochromic effects are discussed comparatively with regard to the linear solvation energy relationships and the results of the solid‐state structures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Philippine Gemmula: I. Forms Related to G. speciosa and G. kieneri (2005)

Gemmula (Weinkauff, 1875) is the largest genus in the subfamily Turrinae (H. & A. Adams, 1853). In this article, Philippine forms of Gemmula with morphological similarities to Gemmula speciosa (Reeve, 1843) and Gemmula kieneri (Doumet, 1840) are evaluated. Two new species, Gemmula sogodensis and Gemmula sikatunai, are described. A group of Gemmula specimens collected from the Western Atlantic appears to be a form of Gemmula sikatunai. The similarity between Philippine and Atlantic forms suggests that Gemmula sikatunai is remarkably stable, long-lived species.
Supercritical Fluids as Advanced Media for Reaction and Separation in Homogeneous Catalysis (2017)

Homogeneous catalysis is an extraordinarily powerful tool for chemical synthesis due to the high level of chemo-, regio-, and enantioselectivity achievable by catalyst design. To run a catalytic reaction under fully homogeneous, single phase supercritical conditions, sufficient solubility of the organometallic catalyst must be ensured. The most widely used medium scCO2 is a good solvent for many low to medium polarity organic substrates. The specific physicochemical properties of scCO2 combine effective mixing for high reactivity with distinct solubility profiles for efficient separation. The solubilities and reaction conditions were chosen with the aim to provide a fully homogeneous supercritical reaction medium. However, multiphasic systems consisting of a liquid phase and a compressed supercritical or subcritical gas phase can also provide benefits similar to those of single phase supercritical fluids (SCFs), and create at the same time new opportunities for integration of reaction and separation.
Defect-Tolerant Aligned Dipoles within Two-Dimensional Plastic Lattices (2015)

Carboranethiol molecules self-assemble into upright molecular monolayers on Au{111} with aligned dipoles in two dimensions. The positions and offsets of each molecule's geometric apex and local dipole moment are measured and correlated with sub-Ångström precision. Juxtaposing simultaneously acquired images, we observe monodirectional offsets between the molecular apexes and dipole extrema. We determine dipole orientations using efficient new image analysis techniques and find aligned dipoles to be highly defect tolerant, crossing molecular domain boundaries and substrate step edges. The alignment observed, consistent with Monte Carlo simulations, forms through favorable intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions.
Cheap silicon (2013)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) promises the vision of more flexible and manageable networks, but requires certain level of programmability in the data plane. Current industry insight holds that programmable network processors are of lower performance than their hard-coded counterparts, such as Ethernet chips. This represents a roadblock to SDN adoption. In this paper we argue that contrast to the common view, the overhead of programmability is relatively low. We also argue that the apparent difference between programmable and hard-coded chips today is not primarily due to programmability itself, but because the internal balance of programmable network processors is tuned to more complex use cases. These arguments are backed with calculations and real-life measurements.
Structures and reaction mechanisms of the two related enzymes, PurN and PurU (2013)

The crystal structures of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylases (PurNs) from Aquifex aeolicus (Aa), Geobacillus kaustophilus (Gk) and Symbiobacterium toebii (St), and of formyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase (PurU) from Thermus thermophilus (Tt) were determined. The monomer structures of the determined PurN and PurU were very similar to the known structure of PurN, but oligomeric states were different; AaPurN and StPurN formed dimers, GkPurN formed monomer and PurU formed tetramer in the crystals. PurU had a regulatory ACT domain in its N-terminal side. So far several structures of PurUs have been determined, yet, the mechanisms of the catalysis and the regulation of PurU have not been elucidated. We, therefore, modelled ligand-bound structures of PurN and PurU, and performed molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the reaction mechanisms. The evolutionary relationship of the two enzymes is discussed based on the comparisons of the structures and the catalytic mechanisms.
Blood pressure variability and cardiovascular autonomic control during hemodialysis in peripheral vascular disease patients (2012)

Hemodialysis (HD) patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) are at higher risk of mortality. The main objectives of this work were to investigate the hypothesis of an association between the PVD and an altered control system on peripheral resistance in response to volume depletion induced by HD treatment; and to investigate whether HD induced increase of pulse pressure (PP) is associated with PVD. Continuous blood pressure (BP) was recorded during HD treatment at the beginning and at the end of HD. The overhydration condition was evaluated by means of whole body bioimpedance spectroscopy, measured before each HD treatment. BP variability, heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity were then analyzed. Patients affected by PVD reported a prevalence of peripheral local control as shown by higher values of very low frequency in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) variability and a reduced cardiac baroreflex with respect to patients not affected by this pathology. HD treatment induced a significant increase of PP and LF% in DBP series in PVD patients only. Our results suggested that differences in BP variability and PP changes could be related not only to an underlying vascular disease, but also to an alteration in autonomic control.
High-performance thick copper inductors in an RF technology (2004)

With the emergence of wired and wireless communication technologies, on-chip inductors find applications in a variety of high performance radio frequency (RF) circuits. In this work, we present two approaches for high-performance copper inductors in an RF technology. In the first approach (Type I), we lower ohmic losses to realize a high Q-factor. This is achieved by using, for the first time in a manufacturable technology, 4 &mu;m thick copper spirals along with a 4 &mu;m thick copper underpass on high-resistivity substrates (75 &Omega;-cm). The underpass is connected to the spirals with a 4 &mu;m tall copper via, which lowers spiral to underpass capacitance. For further lowering the capacitive losses, an additional 6.1 &mu;m thick interlayer dielectric separates the underpass from the substrate. In the second approach (Type II), we utilize a novel one-mask CMOS-compatible micromachining scheme to eliminate substrate losses. This is achieved by completely removing the silicon substrate from directly below the inductors. For a 1.1nH inductor, peak-Q shows an impressive two-fold improvement from 26.6 at 3.8 GHz for Type I inductor to 52.8 at 8.2 GHz for Type II inductor after silicon micromachining. The resonant frequency increases from 18 GHz to 27 GHz after substrate micromachining.