gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiono-thiolo rearrangement and solvolysis of the secondary alkyl phosphorothionates. 3 (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiono-thiolo rearrangement and solvolysis of the secondary alkyl phosphorothionates. 3K. Bruzik and W. J. StecCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 8, 1618–1624Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00321a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00321a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Can Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Diameter Be Defined by Catalyst Particle Diameter? (2019)

The need of designing and controlling single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) properties is a challenge in a growing nanomaterials-related industry. Recently, great progress has been made experimentally to selectively control SWCNT diameter and chirality. However, there is not yet a complete understanding of the synthesis process and there is a lack of mathematical models that explain nucleation and diameter selectivity of stable carbon allotropes. Here, <i>in-situ</i> analysis of chemical vapor deposition SWCNT synthesis confirms that the nanoparticle to nanotube diameter ratio varies with the catalyst particle size. It is found that the tube diameter is larger than that of the particle below a specific size (d<sub>c</sub> ≈ 2nm) and above this value is smaller than particle diameters. To explain these observations, we develop a statistical mechanics based model that correlates possible energy states of a nascent tube with the catalyst particle size. This model incorporates the equilibrium distance between the nucleating SWCNT layer and the metal catalyst (e.g. Fe, Co, Ni) evaluated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The theoretical analysis explains and predicts the observed correlation between tube and solid particle diameters during growth of supported SWCNTs. This work also brings together previous observations related to the stability condition for SWCNT nucleation. Tests of the model against various published data sets and our own experimental results show good agreement, making it a promising tool for evaluating SWCNT synthesis processes.
Figure S8 from LKB1-Dependent Regulation of TPI1 Creates a Divergent Metabolic Liability between Human and Mouse Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S8. Tpi1 inactivation in KL autochthonous tumor model alters histology and pathology.&lt;/p&gt;
Randomised non‐inferiority trial: 1600 mg versus 400 mg tablets of mesalazine for the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis (2017)

Induction therapy with 3.2 mg mesalazine using two 1600 mg tablets once-daily was statistically and clinically non-inferior to a twice-daily regimen using four 400 mg tablets (NCT01903252).
Nano-phase separation and structural ordering in silica-rich mixed network former glasses (2018)

We investigate the structure, phase separation, glass transition, and crystallization in a mixed network former glass series, i.e., B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5 glasses with varying SiO2/B2O3 molar ratio. All the studied glasses exhibit two separate glassy phases: droplet phase (G1) with the size of 50-100 nm and matrix phase (G2), corresponding to a lower calorimetric glass transition temperature (Tg1) and a higher one (Tg2), respectively. Both Tg values decrease linearly with the substitution of B2O3 for SiO2, but the magnitude of the decrease is larger for Tg1. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy results, we infer that the G1 phase is rich in boroxol rings, while the G2 phase mainly involves the B-O-Si network. Both phases contain BPO4- and AlPO4-like units. Ordered domains occur in G2 upon isothermal and dynamic heating, driven by the structural heterogeneity in the as-prepared glasses. The structural ordering lowers the activation energy of crystal growth, thus promoting partial crystallization of G2. These findings are useful for understanding glass formation and phase separation in mixed network former oxide systems, and for tailoring their properties.
On the Facile and Convenient Synthesis of Substituted Pyridylglycols (1984)

For some time W* have been carrying out investigations
ACM SIGAI activity report (2018)

We are happy to present the annual activity report of ACM SIGAI, covering the period from July 2017 to June 2018. The scope of ACM SIGAI consists of the study of intelligence and its realization in computer systems (see also our website at sigai.acm.org). This includes areas such as autonomous agents, cognitive modeling, computer vision, constraint programming, human language technologies, intelligent user interfaces, knowledge discovery, knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning, planning and search, problem solving, and robotics. Our members come from academia, industry, and government agencies worldwide. We are thrilled to be able to report that our membership numbers increased by about 10 percent over the past year! The terms of three of our officers (one of the two education activities officers, one of the two newsletter co-editors in chief, and the information officer) came to an end. We thank them for their valuable service and have now started to provide certificates of appreciation for outgoing officers. We appointed a new information officer and are currently looking for a new newsletter co-editor in chief and additional column editors. We also created and filled two new officer positions to be able to serve our members even better, namely an AI and society officer and a labor market officer.
Structures of a putative RNA 5-methyluridine methyltransferase,Thermus thermophilusTTHA1280, and its complex withS-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (2005)

The Thermus thermophilus hypothetical protein TTHA1280 belongs to a family of predicted S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) dependent RNA methyltransferases (MTases) present in many bacterial and archaeal species. Inspection of amino-acid sequence motifs common to class I Rossmann-fold-like MTases suggested a specific role as an RNA 5-methyluridine MTase. Selenomethionine (SeMet) labelled and native versions of the protein were expressed, purified and crystallized. Two crystal forms of the SeMet-labelled apoprotein were obtained: SeMet-ApoI and SeMet-ApoII. Cocrystallization of the native protein with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) yielded a third crystal form, Native-AdoHcy. The SeMet-ApoI structure was solved by the multiple anomalous dispersion method and refined at 2.55 A resolution. The SeMet-ApoII and Native-AdoHcy structures were solved by molecular replacement and refined at 1.80 and 2.60 A, respectively. TTHA1280 formed a homodimer in the crystals and in solution. Each subunit folds into a three-domain structure composed of a small N-terminal PUA domain, a central alpha/beta-domain and a C-terminal Rossmann-fold-like MTase domain. The three domains form an overall clamp-like shape, with the putative active site facing a deep cleft. The architecture of the active site is consistent with specific recognition of uridine and catalysis of methyl transfer to the 5-carbon position. The cleft is suitable in size and charge distribution for binding single-stranded RNA.
Oxalate Accumulation in Rat Renal Cortical Slices (1984)

Tubular transport of oxalate is thought to be an energy-mediated process which may contribute to the renal deposition of calcium oxalate in a variety of pathologic states. In order to examine this possibility, the renal handling of oxalate was investigated in rat renal cortical slices in vitro. Slices incubated in vitro with 1 microM [14C]oxalate in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer at 25 degrees C for 180 min achieved a mean slice to medium ratio of 2.8 +/- 0.08 (SEM) and a mean tissue concentration of 7.7 +/- 0.2 mumol/kg dry wt (N = 64). Section freeze-dry autoradiographs demonstrated maximum uptake within proximal tubule cells but no crystals were evident. Substituting N2 for O2, adding KCN, or removing Ca2+ increased uptake of 14C-oxalate. Dinitrophenol (DNP) and iodoacetamide (IoAc), however, significantly decreased, and O degrees C eliminated slice uptake. Slices incubated with 100 microM [14C]oxalate showed a further increase in tissue accumulation and the appearance of [14C]oxalate crystals. Crystals formed in vitro were deposited throughout the tissue. Oxalic acid did not appear to share the organic acid by renal cortical slices in vitro is largely independent of energy-mediated mechanisms.
DDoS Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Requirements (2019)

This document defines the requirements for the Distributed Denial of
Service (DDoS) Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) protocols enabling
coordinated response to DDoS attacks.
New Semisynthetic Antimicrobial Labdane-Type Diterpenoids Derived from the Resin “Ladano” of Cistus creticus (2001)

The antimicrobial activity of fifteen semisynthetic labdane-type diterpenes derived from the two major natural compounds 3 and 4 of the resin "ladano" of Cistus creticus is reported. The chloroethyl carbamidic esters 15 and 20 showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against Gram(+), Gram(-) bacteria and pathogenic fungi.
Hardware-Assisted General-Purpose Garbage Collection for Hard Real-Time Systems (1992)

Hardware-assisted garbage collection combines the potential of high average-case allocation rates and memory bandwidth with fast worst-case allocation, fetch, and store times. This paper describes an architecture that allows memory fetch and store operations to execute, on the average, nearly as fast as traditional memory. Support for caching garbage-collected memory cells and a protocol designed to minimize communication between the CPU's cache and memory allow the system to deliver very high performance. The architecture is real-time in that the worst-case time required for a memory fetch or store is approximately six traditional memory cycles, and the time required to allocate an object is bounded by a small constant times the size of the object. A prototype of the proposed architecture has been successfully simulated. Continuing research focuses on measuring the system's performance under real workloads.
Secure and efficient approximate nearest neighbors search (2013)

This paper presents a moderately secure but very efficient approximate nearest neighbors search. After detailing the threats pertaining to the `honest but curious' model, our approach starts from a state-of-the-art algorithm in the domain of approximate nearest neighbors search. We gradually develop mechanisms partially blocking the attacks threatening the original algorithm.
IP Telephone System BV1250 ~Enhanced Internet Voice Gateway~ (2000)

When converting speech into IP packets that are then passed along an IP network, it is important to guarantee speech quality by reducing delays and echoes that are caused by network fluctuations. It is also important to continue the interfaces for existing telephones and FAX machines. This time, we have developed technology that automatically recovers delay caused when absorbing fluctuation in response to the network situation, highly precise DTMF detection technology, automatic speech level compensation technology, real-time FAX communication technology, and have commoditized the Enhanced Internet Voice Gateway, which aims to improve speech quality and enhance service functionality..
Electron microscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy studies of native oxides on GaN(0001) (2018)

We investigated native oxides on GaN(0001) using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). As a result, it was confirmed that the native oxides on both n-type and p-type GaN(0001) with a thickness of ∼1 nm were not amorphous but crystalline with lattice-matched structures to GaN, as we reported previously [Y. Irokawa et al., Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 56, 128004 (2017)]. Moreover, the UPS spectra of native oxides on n-type GaN(0001), which were similar to the reported clean GaN(0001) spectra, showed the existence of surface states at the valence band maximum (VBM), reflecting the defective quality of the native oxides.
In-operando high-speed microscopy and thermometry of reaction propagation and sintering in a nanocomposite (2019)

An important proposed mechanism in nanothermites reactions - reactive sintering - plays a significant role on the combustion performance of nanothermites by rapidly melting and coalescing aggregated metal nanoparticles, which increases the initial size of the reacting composite powders before burning. Here, we demonstrate a high-speed microscopy/thermometry capability that enables ~ µs time and ~ µm spatial resolution as applied to highly exothermic reaction propagation to directly observe reactive sintering and the reaction front at high spatial and temporal resolution. Experiments on the Al+CuO nanocomposite system reveal a reaction front thickness of ~30 μm and temperatures in excess of 3000 K, resulting in a thermal gradient in excess of 10<sup>7</sup> K m<sup>-1</sup>. The local microscopic reactive sintering velocity is found to be an order of magnitude higher than macroscale flame velocity. In this observed mechanism, propagation is very similar to the general concept of laminar gas reaction theory in which reaction front velocity ~ (thermal diffusivity x reaction rate)<sup>1/2</sup>.
Biosensing: Enhanced Charge Collection in MOF‐525–PEDOT Nanotube Composites Enable Highly Sensitive Biosensing (Adv. Sci. 11/2017) (2017)

In article number 1700261, the Wu group presents poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes (PEDOT NTs) conformally coated with porphyrin-based metal–organic framework nanocrystals (MOF-525), where MOF-525 serve as an electrocatalytic surface and PEDOT NTs act as a charge collector to rapidly transport the electron from MOF nanocrystals. The innovative composites establish a new generation of porous electrodes for highly efficient electrochemical biosensing.
Gastrointestinal delivery of propofol from fospropofol: its bioavailability and activity in rodents and human volunteers (2015)

These data suggest potential utility of oral administration of fospropofol for various therapeutic indications previously considered for propofol.
Data from High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Triggers Immune Sensitization of Refractory Murine Neuroblastoma to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Immunotherapy promises unprecedented benefits to patients with cancer. However, the majority of cancer types, including high-risk neuroblastoma, remain immunologically unresponsive. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive technique that can mechanically fractionate tumors, transforming immunologically “cold” tumors into responsive “hot” tumors.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We treated &lt;2% of tumor volume in previously unresponsive, large, refractory murine neuroblastoma tumors with mechanical HIFU and assessed systemic immune response using flow cytometry, ELISA, and gene sequencing. In addition, we combined this treatment with αCTLA-4 and αPD-L1 to study its effect on the immune response and long-term survival.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Combining HIFU with αCTLA-4 and αPD-L1 significantly enhances antitumor response, improving survival from 0% to 62.5%. HIFU alone causes upregulation of splenic and lymph node NK cells and circulating IL2, IFNγ, and DAMPs, whereas immune regulators like CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;Foxp3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, IL10, and VEGF-A are significantly reduced. HIFU combined with checkpoint inhibitors induced significant increases in intratumoral CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, CD8α&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, and CD8α&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD11c&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells, CD11c&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; in regional lymph nodes, and decrease in circulating IL10 compared with untreated group. We also report significant abscopal effect following unilateral treatment of mice with large, established bilateral tumors using HIFU and checkpoint inhibitors compared with tumors treated with HIFU or checkpoint inhibitors alone (61.1% survival, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). This combination treatment significantly also induces CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD44&lt;sup&gt;+hi&lt;/sup&gt;CD62L&lt;sup&gt;+low&lt;/sup&gt; and CD8α&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD44&lt;sup&gt;+hi&lt;/sup&gt;CD62L&lt;sup&gt;+low&lt;/sup&gt; population and is adoptively transferable, imparting immunity, slowing subsequent &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt; tumor engraftment.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Mechanical fractionation of tumors using HIFU can effectively induce immune sensitization in a previously unresponsive murine neuroblastoma model and promises a novel yet efficacious immunoadjuvant modality to overcome therapeutic resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
State Change Probability: A Measure of the Complexity of Cardiac RR Interval Time Series Using Physiological State Change with Statistical Hypothesis Testing (2019)

Abstract The complexity of biological signals has been proposed to reflect the adaptability of a given biological system to different environments. Two measures of complexity—multiscale entropy (MSE) and entropy of entropy (EoE)—have been proposed, to evaluate the complexity of heart rate signals from different perspectives. The MSE evaluates the information content of a long time series across multiple temporal scales, while the EoE characterizes variation in amount of information, which is interpreted as the “state changing,” of segments in a time series. However, both are problematic when analyzing white noise and are sensitive to data size. Therefore, based on the concept of “state changing,” we propose state change probability (SCP) as a measure of complexity. SCP utilizes a statistical hypothesis test to determine the physiological state changes between two consecutive segments in heart rate signals. The SCP value is defined as the ratio of the number of state changes to total number of consecutive segment pairs. Two common statistical tests, the t-test and Wilcoxon rank–sum test, were separately used in the SCP algorithm for comparison, yielding similar results. The SCP method is capable of reasonably evaluating the complexity of white noise and other signals, including 1/f noise, periodic signals, and heart rate signals, from healthy subjects, as well as subjects with congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation. The SCP method is also insensitive to data size. A universal SCP threshold value can be applied, to differentiate between healthy and pathological subjects for data sizes ranging from 100 to 10,000 points. The SCP algorithm is slightly better than the EoE method when differentiating between subjects, and is superior to the MSE method.
Induction of Lipomyces starkeyi Dextranase (1989)

Lipomyces starkeyi ATCC 20825 is a derepressed mutant derived from L. starkeyi ATCC 12659. It requires the presence of an inducer before it produces dextranase. This study was undertaken to determine the most efficient, commercially feasible method for inducing this enzyme. The following compounds induced dextranase synthesis: 1-O-beta-methyl-glucopyranoside, 1-O-alpha-methyl-glucopyranoside, dextran, isomaltopentose, isomaltotetraose, isomaltotriose, and isomaltose. 1-O-beta-Methyl-glucopyranoside was found to be a gratuitous inducer. Early in the growth phase, cells produced higher specific levels of enzyme than they did in late log phase. The length of exposure of the yeast cells to the inducer also affected the amount of dextranase produced. The maximum amount of enzyme was produced after 12 h of exposure to the inducer. The saturation concentration was the same for all inducers tested, i.e., approximately 1 mg of inducer for every 2 x 10 cells.
The Random Oracle Model: A Twenty-Year Retrospective. (2015)

Abstract. It has been roughly two decades since the random ora-cle model for reductionist security arguments was introduced and one decade since we first discussed the controversy that had arisen concern-ing its use. In this retrospective we argue that there is no evidence that the need for the random oracle assumption in a proof indicates the pres-ence of a real-world security weakness in the corresponding protocol. We give several examples of attempts to avoid random oracles that have led to protocols that have security weaknesses that were not present in the original ones whose proofs required random oracles. We also ar-gue that the willingness to use random oracles gives one the flexibility to modify certain protocols so as to reduce dependence on potentially vulnerable pseudorandom bit generators. Finally, we discuss a modified version of ECDSA, which we call ECDSA+, that may have better real-world security than standard ECDSA, and compare it with a modified Schnorr signature. If one is willing to use the random oracle model (and the analogous generic group model), then various security arguments are known for these two schemes. If one shuns these models, then no provable security result is known for them. 1.
Polarization Activity Monitoring of an Aerial Fiber Link in a Live Network (2016)

We present state of polarization measurements from long-term monitoring of a 750-km aerial fiber. Polarization rotation rate and magnitude of the polarization change were recorded for more than 1330 hours over 22 months.