gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Droplet microemulsions at the emulsification boundary: The influence of the surfactant structure on the elastic constants of the amphiphillic film (1997)

The droplet structure of nonionic oil/water (O/W) microemulsions has been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The sum 2κ+κ̄ of the elastic moduli that can be deduced from the experimental polydispersity compares well with the values independently deduced from interfacial tension measurements, thereby showing that our determination of the elastic constants appears to be reliable. In this study, nonionic surfactants of different chain length and with different head groups were investigated (polyethylene glycol monoalkylether CiEj and alkyldimethlyamine oxides). The interpretation of the experiment data shows that the elasticity of the amphiphilic film increases with the thickness of the amphiphilic film. However, it does not depend significantly on the type of the head group but is primarily determined by the length of the alkyl chains of the surfactant. In mixtures of surfactants of different chain lengths, the sum 2κ+κ̄ is found to vary linearly with the molar composition of the mixture.
Development of New Geopolymer Material as Alternative Plug for Cement in CO2 Sequestration (2016)

Abstract Maintaining CO2 in gas and oil wells is a challenge in CO2 sequestration. The downhole forces on the pumped cement between the casing and the drilled formation lead to failure of cement, and hence the well integrity can be affected. Furthermore, the prolong interaction between the stored CO2 and the casted cement can lead to corrosion of embedded well tubulars. This deterioration of the casted well is a major cause of cracking and channeling of the cement matrix resulted in early gas migration. Such problems can lead to early workover jobs or shutting-down some wells that resulted in losing its productivity. This work aims at developing a new material from clay that has a high resistance to CO2 in upstream for plugging CO2 storage wells. The synthesis conditions as well as the adsorption-desorption characteristics at simulated well condition will be presented. Then a model that simulates the adsorption isotherms and the thermodynamic properties for the interaction between the developed material and the CO2 will be investigated. The developed material demonstrated lower porosity and permeability, and higher compressive strength than the conventional cement plug. Thermogravimetric and thermal stability of the developed geopolymer sample showed a minimal variation in weight loss with incremental heating up to 420 °C. Adsorption-desorption of CO2 at various modeled temperature showed an endothermic and spontaneous process with maximum adsorption capacity of 800 mg/g obtained at 660 psi. Higher pressure lead to more storage capacity with physisorption hysteresis curves. The novelty of this work is the development of new geopolymer material that can substitute the conventional cement plug for upstream carbon capture and sequestration.
2-Aminopyridines as Highly Selective Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors. Differential Binding Modes Dependent on Nitrogen Substitution (2004)

4-Methylaminopyridine (4-MAP) (5) is a potent but nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. While simple N-methylation in this series results in poor activity, more elaborate N-substitution such as with 4-piperidine carbamate or amide results in potent and selective inducible NOS inhibition. Evidently, a flipping of the pyridine ring between these new inhibitors allows the piperidine to interact with different residues and confer excellent selectivity.
Construction and Validation of Nano Gold Tripods for Molecular Imaging of Living Subjects (2014)

Anisotropic colloidal hybrid nanoparticles exhibit superior optical and physical properties compared to their counterparts with regular architectures. We herein developed a controlled, stepwise strategy to build novel, anisotropic, branched, gold nanoarchitectures (Au-tripods) with predetermined composition and morphology for bioimaging. The resultant Au-tripods with size less than 20 nm showed great promise as contrast agents for in vivo photoacoustic imaging (PAI). We further identified Au-tripods with two possible configurations as high-absorbance nanomaterials from various gold multipods using a numerical simulation analysis. The PAI signals were linearly correlated with their concentrations after subcutaneous injection. The in vivo biodistribution of Au-tripods favorable for molecular imaging was confirmed using small animal positron emission tomography (PET). Intravenous administration of cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Cys (RGDfC) peptide conjugated Au-tripods (RGD-Au-tripods) to U87MG tumor-bearing mice showed PAI contrasts in tumors almost 3-fold higher than for the blocking group. PAI results correlated well with the corresponding PET images. Quantitative biodistribution data revealed that 7.9% ID/g of RGD-Au-tripods had accumulated in the U87MG tumor after 24 h post-injection. A pilot mouse toxicology study confirmed that no evidence of significant acute or systemic toxicity was observed in histopathological examination. Our study suggests that Au-tripods can be reliably synthesized through stringently controlled chemical synthesis and could serve as a new generation of platform with high selectivity and sensitivity for multimodality molecular imaging.
Synthesis and characterization of new cardo polyamides and polyimides containing tert-butylcyclohexylidene units (2000)

A new cardo diamine monomer, 1,1-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-4-tert-butylcyclohexane containing tert-butylcyclohexylidene units was prepared in three steps from 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. The monomer was reacted with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic dianhydrides to produce polyamides and polyimides, respectively. All the polymers, characterized by X-ray diffraction, are amorphous. These cardo polymers exhibit good solubility in a variety of solvents. Almost all polymers are soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), pyridine, and even in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and cyclohexanone. The polymers show glass transition temperatures between 244–310°C and decomposition temperatures at 10% mass loss ranging from 486–526°C in nitrogen. The tough and flexible polymer films have tensile strength of 77–137 MPa, elongations at break of 5–14%, and tensile moduli of 2.0–2.6 GPa.
Structure of Sad1-UNC84 Homology (SUN) Domain Defines Features of Molecular Bridge in Nuclear Envelope (2011)

The SUN (Sad1-UNC-84 homology) domain is conserved in a number of nuclear envelope proteins involved in nuclear migration, meiotic telomere tethering, and antiviral responses. The LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, formed by the SUN and the nesprin proteins at the nuclear envelope, serves as a mechanical linkage across the nuclear envelope. Here we report the crystal structure of the SUN2 protein SUN domain, which reveals a homotrimer. The SUN domain is sufficient to mediate binding to the KASH (Klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne homology) domain of nesprin 2, and the regions involved in the interaction have been identified. Binding of the SUN domain to the KASH domain is abolished by deletion of a region important for trimerization or by point mutations associated with nuclear migration failure. We propose a model of the LINC complex, where the SUN and the KASH domains form a higher ordered oligomeric network in the nuclear envelope. These findings provide the structural basis for understanding the function and the regulation of the LINC complex.
Smarter objects (2013)

Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) offers a very flexible interface but require the user's complete visual attention, whereby Tangible User Interfaces (TUI) can be operated with minimal visual attention.
Noncovalent Spiropyran Coatings for Photoinduced Wettability Switching (2017)

The noncovalent binding of spiropyran to candle-soot-covered surfaces is investigated for wettability switching using a coating procedure realized with a drop casting process of using 0.001 mol/L spiropyran in a 5 : 1 toluene-acetone mixture. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal a resulting surface with spiropyran flakes in the candle soot. A reversible switching with UV light and blue or green light is achieved, starting from an initial contact angle of 130° ± 9.68°. The highest contact angle difference is 41° and reversibility has been shown for several switching cycles. Hence, our methods provide an easy-to-use strategy to generate surfaces with switchable wettability.
New Strategies for Soot Emission Reduction of HD Vehicles (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The reduction of particulate emissions limits requires new strategies for the tuning of engines and exhaust after treatment systems. A non-blocking exhaust after treatment solution for HD vehicles to achieve the EuroIV emission limits has been developed which consists of a platinum oxidation catalyst and a stainless steel deposition structure with open channels for continuous soot storage and oxidation [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. The significant advantages compared to standard particulate filters are caused by the open channel structure and characterized by a relatively low level of back pressure, selective separation of soot (EC) and penetrability for engine lubrication oil incineration ash.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Extensive laboratory studies, including a screening of numerous promising deposition structure designs, led to a metal catalyst structure with microsphere coating. The processes dominating particle deposition could be determined, leading to a target-oriented optimization of the deposition structure. Particle deposition caused by diffusion, interception and thermophoresis during instationary test conditions occurs. Measurements on the test bench with an EuroII HD engine show a gravimetric particulate matter reduction of 18 and 55 mg/kWh for the ESC/ETC, which is consistent with the laboratory-studies.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new photo acoustic instrument (PASS) was applied allowing reliable determination of soot deposition efficiency even during the transient test cycle (ETC) for modern HD engines with a low PM raw emission. Close correlation between number based (SMPS) and mass based (PASS, gravimetric) particle concentration measurements were observed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The exhaust aftertreatment system investigated here system provides a reliable solution yielding a conversion of up to 70% (ESC/ETC) for elemental carbon at a moderate back pressure.&lt;/div&gt;
Flexible high efficiency battery-ready PV inverter for rooftop systems (2018)

Integration of energy storage with a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) generation system in conventional residential and commercial applications uses legacy PV power electronics topologies. This paper presents a novel solar PV power electronics system which allows a seamless integration of energy storage with partial power processing technique. In the proposed topology, a dual active bridge DC-DC converter is applied to configure partially-rated power electronics system with bi-directional power flow, galvanic isolation, a high voltage boosting gain, and results in high conversion efficiency. The proposed topology is explained in detail and analyzed with the quantitative approach to verify the improvement of system efficiency and power density in the DC-DC power conversion unit: 99.5% efficiency and 3.3kW rated power for 7.5kW PV and 2.5kW battery system. Also, the steady-state operation of the proposed universal optimizer is verified through the controller hardware-in-the-loop test.
Supported Gold(III) Catalysts for Highly Efficient Three‐Component Coupling Reactions (2008)

Geladene Goldspezies auf nanokristallinem CeO2 oder ZrO2 sind hoch aktive Katalysatoren für die Eintopf-Dreikomponentenkupplung von Aldehyden, Aminen und Alkinen/N-geschützten Ethinylanilinen zur Bildung von mehrfach funktionalisierten Propargylaminen und Indolen. Die Reaktion ergibt gute bis ausgezeichnete Ausbeuten (siehe Schema, Ts=Toluol-4-sulfonyl). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z800098_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A propensity-score matched analysis of ventral-TAPP vs. laparoscopic IPOM for small and mid-sized ventral hernias. Comparison of perioperative data, surgical outcome and cost-effectiveness (2022)

Ventral-TAPP procedures represent an alternative technique to lap. IPOM repair to reduce the risk of complications related to intra-peritoneal position of mesh and fixating devices. In addition, our study showed that postoperative pain level, material costs and hospital stay of the ventral-TAPP cohort are significantly lower compared to lap. IPOM patients.
Compositions of corrosion-resistant Fe-based amorphous metals suitable for producing thermal spray coatings (2023)

A method of coating a surface comprising providing a source of amorphous metal that contains manganese (1 to 3 atomic %), yttrium (0.1 to 10 atomic %), and silicon (0.3 to 3.1 atomic %) in the range of composition given in parentheses; and that contains the following elements in the specified range of composition given in parentheses: chromium (15 to 20 atomic %), molybdenum (2 to 15 atomic %), tungsten (1 to 3 atomic %), boron (5 to 16 atomic %), carbon (3 to 16 atomic %), and the balance iron; and applying said amorphous metal to the surface by a spray.
Methods and Protocols: Engine for the Next Wave of Biomedical Ultrasound Innovations (2017)

At the heart of a vehicle's operation is the engine. The same metaphoric relation applies between a research innovation and an experimental method. It is safe to say that innovations in biomedical ultrasonics cannot be materialized without foundational advances in experimental methods, tools, and protocols. Indeed, because biomedical ultrasonics naturally spans a diverse research space-thanks to its versatile applicability in both diagnostics and therapeutics-a broad range of investigative methods are correspondingly required to serve a multitude of experimental needs.
Inability of leucovorin to rescue a naturally methotrexate-resistant human soft tissue sarcoma cell line from trimetrexate cytotoxicity. (1992)

A human lymphoblastoid line (RPMI-1788), a methotrexate-sensitive human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT-1080), and a naturally resistant mixed mesodermal human sarcoma cell line with impaired methotrexate polyglutamylation (HS-42), recently established in our laboratory, were used to compare the ability of leucovorin to prevent trimetrexate cytotoxicity. Growth inhibition and an in situ thymidylate synthesis activity assay showed that inhibitory effects of trimetrexate (1 to 10 microM), 24-h exposure, were prevented by 10 microM leucovorin in the RPMI-1788 and HT-1080 cell lines but not in the HS-42 cell line. Total intracellular reduced folates increased about 2-fold in the three cell lines after exposure to leucovorin (10 microM) for 4 h, and after a 6-hour efflux remained elevated (1.5- and 1.3-fold of control levels) in RPMI-1788 and HT-1080 cells but decreased to 80% of control levels in HS-42 cells. Although uptake of leucovorin and levels of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate achieved after leucovorin administration were similar in RP-MI-1788 and HS-42 cells, polyglutamylate forms of this coenzyme were less in the HS-42 cells as compared to RPMI-1788 cells. Based on these studies, the combination of trimetrexate with leucovorin should be further investigated as a way to increase the therapeutic index in some patients with soft tissue sarcomas.
Context-based page unit recommendation for web-basedsensemaking tasks (2008)

Sensemaking tasks require users to perform complex research behaviors to gather and comprehend information from many sources. Such tasks are common and include, for example, researching vacation destinations or deciding how to invest. In this paper, we present an algorithm and interface that provides context-based page unit recommendation to assist in connection discovery during sensemaking tasks. We exploit the natural note-taking activity common to sensemaking behavior as the basis for a task-specific context model. Each web page visited by a user is dynamically analyzed to determine the most relevant content fragments which are then recommended to the user. Our initial evaluations indicate that our approach improves user performance.
VR Transient Improvement at High Slew Rate Load—Active Transient Voltage Compensator (2007)

To meet the stringent transient response requirements of a voltage regulator (VR) at high slew rate load current while keeping high VR efficiency, this paper proposes a new topology: active transient voltage compensator (ATVC). ATVC only engages in transient periods operating at several MHZ to handle ac current and main VR operates at low switching frequency for better efficiency mainly providing dc current. ATVC injects a very high slew rate current in step up load and recovers energy in step down load. With introduction of a transformer, ATVC significantly reduces its conduction and switching losses due to the reduced current. Also, the new topology reduces the number of VR bulk capacitors while keeping the same output impedance. A built prototype and detailed experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.
DNA Repair Inhibitors: Our Last Disposal to Improve Cancer Therapy. (2012)

Modern cancer therapies, mainly ionizing radiation and certain classes of chemotherapies target DNA. Although these treatments disrupt the genome, their rationale is clear. They prevent cancer cells from dividing and proliferating. Nevertheless, cancer cells can survive by over-activating a wide range of DNA repair pathways to remove the induced damage. In this context, DNA repair is considered as a vital target to improve cancer therapy and reduce the resistance to many DNA damaging agent currently in use as standard of care treatments. Here, we focus on two important DNA repair pathways, namely base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Specifically, our focus will be on two protein targets that are linked to the hallmark relapse or drug resistance phenomena. These are Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 1 (ERCC1), and DNA polymerase beta (pol &#946;). The former is a key player in NER, while the latter is the error-prone polymerase of BER. Our objective is to list all known inhibitors for the two targets and provide an overview of the great efforts that were made for their discovery. While for the DNA pol &#946; case, more than sixty inhibitors were identified, on the ERCC1 side, very few inhibitors have been discovered. It is hoped that the application of this review will assist in the discovery of novel, potent and specific drug candidates aimed at improving existing cancer therapies including ionizing radiation, bleomycin, monofunctional alkylating agents and cisplatin.
Oral zinc supplementation in Down's syndrome subjects decreased infections and normalized some humoral and cellular immune parameters (1994)

ABSTRACT. The effect of 4 months of oral zinc supplementation on immune functions in non‐institutionalized young female and male Down's syndrome (DS) subjects was studied. Along with plasma levels of zinc, the immune parameters, measured before and after zinc treatment, were plasma levels of thymulin, the percentage and the absolute number of circulating white blood cells, total lymphocytes, lymphocyte subpopulations, the mitogen‐induced lymphocyte proliferation, the production of interleukin‐2, and the activity of stimulated granulocytes. Some immune parameters were significantly influenced by zinc treatment. In particular, a normalization of thymulin and zinc plasma levels were found in these subjects after zinc supplementation. At the end of the clinical trial, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and polymorphonuclear activity also increased and reached normal values. Zinc administration exerted a positive clinical effect in these children, since a reduced incidence of infections was found.
Multiscale creep characterization and modeling of a zirconia-rich fused-cast refractory (2013)

Abstract This work aims at investigating the mechanical behaviour of a zirconia-rich fused-cast refractory at high temperature (C). The geometry of the zirconia phase was analysed on samples having contents of amorphous phase ranging from 12 to 24% in volume, from 3D images obtained using the X-ray computed micro-tomography technique. The sharp intrication of the dendrites creates a continous zirconia skeleton which was characterized experimentally. Results at high temperature show that deformation is controlled by zirconia, whereas the amorphous phase does not play any structural role. Finite-element simulations have been carried out to predict the creep behaviour of the aggregate. The creep law of the zirconia skeleton was identified by an inverse method from a creep test at C and from the 3D real morphology of the dendritic zirconia structure. Simulation results confirm that the rheology of the aggregate is controlled by the zirconia skeleton and a good agreement was observed between numerical creep tests and experiments.
Cascaded deep transfer learning on thoracic CT in COVID-19 patients treated with steroids (2020)

<b>Purpose:</b> Given the recent COVID-19 pandemic and its stress on global medical resources, presented here is the development of a machine intelligent method for thoracic computed tomography (CT) to inform management of patients on steroid treatment. <b>Approach:</b> Transfer learning has demonstrated strong performance when applied to medical imaging, particularly when only limited data are available. A cascaded transfer learning approach extracted quantitative features from thoracic CT sections using a fine-tuned VGG19 network. The extracted slice features were axially pooled to provide a CT-scan-level representation of thoracic characteristics and a support vector machine was trained to distinguish between patients who required steroid administration and those who did not, with performance evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Least-squares fitting was used to assess temporal trends using the transfer learning approach, providing a preliminary method for monitoring disease progression. <b>Results:</b> In the task of identifying patients who should receive steroid treatments, this approach yielded an area under the ROC curve of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.85</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.10</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> and demonstrated significant separation between patients who received steroids and those who did not. Furthermore, temporal trend analysis of the prediction score matched expected progression during hospitalization for both groups, with separation at early timepoints prior to convergence near the end of the duration of hospitalization. <b>Conclusions:</b> The proposed cascade deep learning method has strong clinical potential for informing clinical decision-making and monitoring patient treatment.