gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Events Associated With SGLT-2 Inhibitors Versus Other Glucose-Lowering Drugs (2018)

Randomized trials demonstrated a lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) events with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high CV risk. Prior real-world data suggested similar SGLT-2i effects in T2D patients with a broader risk profile, but these studies focused on heart failure and death and were limited to the United States and Europe. The purpose of this study was to examine a broad range of CV outcomes in patients initiated on SGLT-2i versus other glucose-lowering drugs (oGLDs) across 6 countries in the Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and North American regions. New users of SGLT-2i and oGLDs were identified via claims, medical records, and national registries in South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Israel, Australia, and Canada. Propensity scores for SGLT-2i initiation were developed in each country, with 1:1 matching. Hazard ratios (HRs) for death, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), death or HHF, MI, and stroke were assessed by country and pooled using weighted meta-analysis. After propensity-matching, there were 235,064 episodes of treatment initiation in each group; ∼27% had established CV disease. Patient characteristics were well-balanced between groups. Dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, canagliflozin, tofogliflozin, and luseogliflozin accounted for 75%, 9%, 8%, 4%, 3%, and 1% of exposure time in the SGLT-2i group, respectively. Use of SGLT-2i versus oGLDs was associated with a lower risk of death (HR: 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37 to 0.70; p < 0.001), HHF (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.82; p = 0.001), death or HHF (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.76; p < 0.001), MI (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.88; p < 0.001), and stroke (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.84; p < 0.001). Results were directionally consistent across both countries and patient subgroups, including those with and without CV disease. In this large, international study of patients with T2D from the Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and North America, initiation of SGLT-2i was associated with a lower risk of CV events across a broad range of outcomes and patient characteristics. (Comparative Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Outcomes in New Users of SGLT-2 Inhibitors [CVD-REAL]; NCT02993614)
Mechanisms of Proton Conductance in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes (2001)

We provide a phenomenological description of proton conductance in polymer electrolyte membranes, based on contemporary views of proton transfer processes in condensed media and a model for heterogeneous polymer electrolyte membrane structure. The description combines the proton transfer events in a single pore with the total pore−network performance and, thereby, relates structural and kinetic characteristics of the membrane. The theory addresses specific experimentally studied issues such as the effect of the density of proton localization sites (equivalent weight) of the membrane material and the water content of the pores. The effect of the average distance between the sulfonate groups, which changes during membrane swelling, is analyzed in particular, and the factors which determine the temperature dependence of the macroscopic membrane conductance are disclosed. Numerical estimates of the specific membrane conductivity obtained from the theory agree very well with typical experimental data, thereby confirming the appropriateness of the theoretical concepts. Moreover, the versatility of the models offers a useful and transparent frame for combining the analysis of both experimental data and the results of molecular dynamics simulations.
Supplementary Figure 5 from A Chimeric Switch-Receptor Targeting PD1 Augments the Efficacy of Second-Generation CAR T Cells in Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effect of tailless/signal-dead PD1 on in-vivo CAR T cell anti-tumor control.&lt;/p&gt;
Graphene's effect on the mechanism of radical polymerization with in situ graphene composites (2022)

Polymerizing a monomer in the presence of graphene/graphite is a common approach to making composites. However, the role played by the graphitic carbon in the polymerization is often poorly understood or neglected. Specifically, the polymer formed at the interface between the graphite and filler is expected to be most affected by the presence of the filler and can have an outsized effect on the composite properties. Herein we study the impact of pristine graphene on the polymerization of styrene during the synthesis of styrene/graphene nanocomposites. Although there is reason to expect that pristine graphene will interact with radicals, the difficulty of suspending graphene in solution has meant that experimental investigations have been limited to graphene nanoplatelets produced from microcrystalline graphite. However, microcrystalline graphite is fundamentally different than flake graphite, possessing more defects and sheets of limited lateral dimension. We overcome this challenge and study graphene obtained from natural flake graphite using interfacial exfoliation and graphene trapping. We find that graphene plays an active role in radical polymerization, acting as a chain transfer agent. At high graphite/graphene loading, it reversibly couples growing chains, lowering the value of the dispersity (Ð) relative to controls without graphene by nearly an order of magnitude.
Texture classification model based on temporal changes in vibration using wavelet transform (2022)

Tactile sensation is important in the perception of the external world, and research on texture classification using vibration data obtained by tracing an object has been widely conducted. However, few studies have utilized time-varying frequency components, which are thought to be recognized by moving their fingers back and forth when they feel tactile sensations. Therefore, we propose a new texture classification system that uses the time variation of vibration with which a latent vector effective in perceiving tactile sensations is possibly embedded. Vibration data was acquired by reciprocating the developed sensor with strain gauges and PVDF film on fifteen different samples. The wavelet transform of the vibration data was conducted to extract a scalogram containing time-varying information. A CNN was constructed to perform texture classification based on the scalograms, resulting in an accurate classification. The results also showed the robustness of the model regarding the vibration information against the different touch condition.
Data from Human Renal Cancer Cells Express a Novel Membrane-Bound Interleukin-15 that Induces, in Response to the Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor α Chain, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a powerful immunomodulatory factor that has been proposed for cancer immunotherapy, its intratumoral expression may be correlated with tumor progression and/or poor clinical outcome. Therefore, neoplasias potentially sensitive to immunotherapy should be checked for their IL-15 expression and function before choosing immunotherapy protocols. Primary human renal cancer cells (RCC) express a novel form of membrane-bound IL-15 (mb-IL-15), which displays three major original properties: (&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;) It is expressed as a functional membrane homodimer of 27 kDa, (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;) it is shed in the extracellular environment by the metalloproteases ADAM17 and ADAM10, and (&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;) its stimulation by soluble IL-15 receptor α (s-IL-15Rα) chain triggers a complex reverse signal (mitogen-activated protein kinases, FAK, pMLC) necessary and sufficient to ~induce epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT), a crucial process in tumor progression whose induction is unprecedented for IL-15. In these cells, complete EMT is characterized by a dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton with the subsequent generation of a mesenchymal/contractile phenotype (α-SMA and vimentin networks) and the loss of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1. The retrosignaling functions are, however, hindered through an unprecedented cytokine/receptor interaction of mb-IL-15 with membrane-associated IL-15Rα subunit that tunes its signaling potential competing with low concentrations of the s-IL-15Rα chain. Thus, human RCC express an IL-15/IL-15R system, which displays unique biochemical and functional properties that seem to be directly involved in renal tumoral progression. [Cancer Res 2009;69(4):1561–9]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Enhanced leading production ofD±andD*±in 250 GeVπ±-nucleon interactions (1994)

A leading charm meson is one with longitudinal momentum fraction, ${\mathit{x}}_{\mathit{F}}$&gt;0, whose light quark (or antiquark) is of the same type as one of the quarks in the beam particles. We report on the production asymmetry, A=[\ensuremath{\sigma}(leading-\ensuremath{\sigma}(nonleading)]/[\ensuremath{\sigma}(leading)+\ensuremath{\sigma}(nonleading)] as a function of ${\mathit{x}}_{\mathit{F}}$. The data consist of 1500 fully reconstructed ${\mathit{D}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{*}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ decays in Fermilab experiment E 769. We find a significant asymmetry for the production of charm quarks is not expected in perturbative quantum chromodynamics.
Useful vertical latissimus dorsi flap for partial breast reconstruction in every tumor location (2022)

The vertical LD flap is useful for partial breast reconstruction, in all breast regions requires a rather small volume of the flap. Moreover, recovery was relatively fast with high patient satisfaction.
A delta-k electro-optic polymer modulator using a multi-channel directional coupler (2010)

We describe a delta-k electro-optic modulator for 1310 nm using a multi-channel directional coupler structure. The device employs a poled electro-optic polymer material for the cladding layer.
Mechanisms of resistance to HER2-targeted therapies in HER2-amplified uterine serous carcinoma, and strategies to overcome it. (2018)

Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer that accounts for up to 40% of all endometrial cancer-related deaths. Recent whole-exome sequencing studies have revealed HER2/neu amplification in 27-44% of USC patients, supporting HER2 as an attractive pathway for target therapies based on monoclonal antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Preclinical studies and a recently published prospective randomized trial with trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy demonstrated promising results with anti-HER2-targeted therapies in advanced and recurrent USC patients. In contrast, single-agent trastuzumab or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (i.e., lapatinib) were unable to demonstrate significant clinical activity and/or durable tumor growth inhibition. Combinatorial therapies may represent novel, highly effective therapeutic strategies to overcome inborn or acquired resistance to HER2/neu-targeted therapies in HER2-amplified USC patients. This study presents a comprehensive review of the mechanisms of USC resistance to HER2-targeted therapies and potential strategies to overcome it.
%Selective Decoration of a Phase-Separated Diblock Copolymer with Thiol-Passivated Gold Nanocrystals (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionNEXT%Selective Decoration of a Phase-Separated Diblock Copolymer with Thiol-Passivated Gold NanocrystalsRobert W. Zehner, Ward A. Lopes, Terry L. Morkved, Heinrich Jaeger, and Lawrence R. SitaCite this: Langmuir 1998, 14, 7, 1942Publication Date (Web):February 24, 1998Publication History Published online24 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la9801108https://doi.org/10.1021/la9801108correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (75 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Copolymers,Gold,Nanocrystals Get e-Alerts
K-ras Mutation Detection by Hybridization to a Polypyrrole DNA Chip (2001)

This probe array assay is a rapid and reliable procedure that may be used to detect mutations.
A Near-Unity Efficiency Source of Entangled Surface Phonon Polaritons (2017)

We show that mid-IR polaritons in polar dielectrics can be used to develop an atomic emitter of photon pairs at quantum efficiencies over 90%, suggesting a new route towards the production of entangled light.
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults (2017)

Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
Supplementary Table 1 from A Cell Proliferation and Chromosomal Instability Signature in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from A Cell Proliferation and Chromosomal Instability Signature in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Influence of age and body weight on spine and femur bone mineral density in U.S. white men (1990)

Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in normal white males using 153 Gd dual-photon absorptiometry. Measurements were made on the lumbar spine (n = 315) and on the proximal femur (n = 282) utilizing three regions of interest. There was a small but significant age-related decrease in spinal BMD (r = -0.11; -0.001 g/cm2 per year) and trochanteric BMD (r = 0.27; -0.002 g/cm2 per year). The BMD of the other femoral sites decreased more rapidly; the femoral neck (r = -0.58; -0.005 g/cm2 per year) and Ward's triangle (r = -0.69; -0.007 g/cm2 per year) declined by about 21 and 34%, respectively, from age 20 to age 70. These femoral BMD decreases were three to four times greater than those usually seen in the peripheral skeleton in males but less than the decreases of 25-30 and 40% in the femoral neck and Ward's triangle of white females. This pattern of aging bone loss may partially explain the paucity of spine fractures and the lower incidence of hip fractures in males versus females.
Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Applications (2009)

Organic optoelectronic polymers have evolved to the point where fine structural control of the conjugated main chain, coupled with solubilizing and property-modifying pendant substituents, provides an entirely new class of materials. Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) provide a unique set of properties, including water solubility and processability, main-chain-controlled exciton and charge transport, variable band gap light absorption and fluorescence, ionic interactions, and aggregation phenomena. These characteristics allow these materials to be considered for use in applications ranging from light-emitting diodes and electrochromic color-changing displays, to photovoltaic devices and photodetectors, along with chemical and biological sensors. This Review describes the evolution of CPE structures from simple polymers to complex materials, describes numerous photophysical aspects, including amplified quenching in macromolecules and aggregates, and illustrates how the physical and electronic properties lead to useful applications in devices.
Calcium is essential in the fusion of mouse alveolar macrophages induced by 1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1988)

We have reported that the active form of vitamin D3, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3], directly induces activation and fusion of mouse alveolar macrophages (Abe et al., 1983, 1984). The activated state appeared to be a prerequisite to the fusion of macrophages. Macrophages began to fuse 36 hr after adding 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3; the fusion rate attained a maximum of 70-80% at 72 hr. During the course of further investigating the mechanisms of fusion induced by the vitamin, we found that the calcium ion is closely involved in the fusion process of macrophages induced by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. When alveolar macrophages were cultured with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 in medium with graded concentrations (0.13-1.85 mM) of calcium, the fusion rate went down in parallel with the decrease of medium calcium. Neither calcium ionophore A23187 nor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced fusion of freshly isolated macrophages, but the two compounds greatly promoted fusion of the macrophages pretreated for 18 hr with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin effect for the first 18 hr was similar, irrespective of the medium calcium concentration. In contrast, millimolar amounts of calcium were essential in the subsequent period of incubation(18-72 hr) for inducing fusion. The activation of macrophages measured by the induction of cytotoxicity and the enhancement of glucose consumption by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 occurred similarly, irrespective of the medium calcium concentration. These results clearly indicate that the fusion process of alveolar macrophages induced by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 can be divided into two phases: 1) the calcium-independent priming phase (0-18 hr) and 2) the calcium-dependent progression phase (18-72 hr). 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 is necessary only in the priming phase; A23187 and TPA can be substituted for 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 in the progression phase.
Correcting for Electrocatalyst Desorption and Inactivation in Chronoamperometry Experiments (2009)

Chronoamperometric experiments with adsorbed electrocatalysts are commonly performed either for analytical purposes or for studying the catalytic mechanism of a redox enzyme. In the context of amperometric sensors, the current may be recorded as a function of time while the analyte concentration is being increased to determine a linearity range. In mechanistic studies of redox enzymes, chronoamperometry proved powerful for untangling the effects of electrode potential and time, which are convoluted in cyclic voltammetric measurements, and for studying the energetics and kinetics of inhibition. In all such experiments, the fact that the catalyst's coverage and/or activity decreases over time distorts the data. This may hide meaningful features, introduce systematic errors, and limit the accuracy of the measurements. We propose a general and surprisingly simple method for correcting for electrocatalyst desorption and inactivation, which greatly increases the precision of chronoamperometric experiments. Rather than subtracting a baseline, this consists in dividing the current, either by a synthetic signal that is proportional to the instant electroactive coverage or by the signal recorded in a control experiment. In the latter, the change in current may result from film loss only or from film loss plus catalyst inactivation. We describe the different strategies for obtaining the control signal by analyzing various data recorded with adsorbed redox enzymes: nitrate reductase, NiFe hydrogenase, and FeFe hydrogenase. In each case we discuss the trustfulness and the benefit of the correction. This method also applies to experiments where electron transfer is mediated, rather than direct, providing the current is proportional to the time-dependent concentration of catalyst.
Measuring fermionic entanglement: Entropy, negativity, and spin structure (2019)

The recent direct experimental measurement of quantum entanglement paves the way towards a better understanding of many-body quantum systems and their correlations. Nevertheless, the experimental and theoretical advances had so far been predominantly limited to bosonic systems. Here, we study fermionic systems. Using experimental setups where multiple copies of the same state are prepared, arbitrary-order R\'enyi entanglement entropies and entanglement negativities can be extracted by utilizing spatially uniform beam splitters and on-site occupation measurement. As an example, we simulate the use of our protocols to measure the entanglement growth following a local quench. We also illustrate how our paradigm could be used for experimental quantum simulations of fermions on manifolds with nontrivial spin structures.
Epoxidharze (2019)

Aufbau, Struktur und Eigenschaften der Epoxidharze werden für lösemittelhaltige als auch für wässrige Systeme in dem neuen Fachbuch Epoxidharze dargestellt. Die 1K- und die 2K-Systeme werden beleuchtet und die lacktechnischen Grundlagen effizient hervorgehoben. Dem Leser werden unterschiedliche Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Epoxidharzsysteme und deren Vor- und Nachteile nahegebracht. Außerdem verschafft das Buch einen Einblick in anwendungstechnische Anforderungen und deren Überprüfung
The Efficacy of Electrical Baroreflex Activation Therapy is Independent of Peripheral Chemoreceptor Modulation (2018)

Introduction Baroreflex activation through electrical carotid sinus stimulation has been developed for the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension not sufficiently responding to pharmacological therapy. Previous studies suggested that peripheral chemoreflex afferents located in proximity to carotid baroreceptors are tonically active in hypertensive patients and may inhibit baroreflex responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that peripheral chemoreflex activation attenuates the efficacy of electrical carotid sinus stimulation. Methods We screened 35 patients with an implanted electrical carotid sinus stimulator. Of those, 11 patients exhibited a consistent acute depressor response and were included in the study (7 men/4 women, age: 67±8 years, BMI: 31.6±5.2 kg/m 2 , 6±2 antihypertensive drug classes). We assessed responses to electrical baroreflex stimulation during normoxia, isocapnic hypoxia (SpO2: 79.0±1.5%), and hyperoxia (40% end‐tidal O2 fraction) by recording ECG, blood pressure (SBP), ventilation, SpO2, end‐tidal CO2 and O2 fractions, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Results During normoxia, baroreflex activation reduced SBP from 164±27 to 151±25 mmHg (means±SD, p&lt;0.001), HR from 64±13 to 61±13 bpm (p=0.002), and MSNA from 42±12 to 36±12 bursts/min (p=0.004). Hypoxia increased SBP 8±12 mmHg (p=0.057), HR 10±6 bpm (p&lt;0.001), MSNA 7±7 bursts/min (p=0.031), and ventilation 10±7 l/min (p=0. 002). However, responses to electrical carotid sinus stimulation did not differ between hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions; SBP: −15±7 vs −14±8 mmHg (p=0.938), HR: −2±3 vs −2±2 bpm (p=0.701), and MSNA: −6±4 vs −4±3 bursts/min (p=0.531). Conclusion The main finding of our study is that moderate peripheral chemoreflex activation does not attenuate acute responses to electrical baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) in patients with resistant hypertension. These patients provide insight in human baroreflex physiology and baroreflex‐chemoreflex interactions that could not be gained otherwise. Support or Funding Information Financial support by Boston Scientific Corporation (St. Paul, MN, U.S.A.) This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .