gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precision and Limitation of Measuring Two-dimensional Wear on Clinical Radiographs (2006)

The precision of measuring polyethylene penetration in total hip arthroplasties has been studied using phantom models and retrieved cups, but not on radiographs obtained in vivo. We used Hip Analysis Suite Hip32 computer software to measure two-dimensional penetration in two groups of anteroposterior pelvic radiographs taken in vivo. We determined the measurement error for precision, the effect of position change on precision, and compared direct and indirect measurements. The influences on precision with respect to followup time were measured using a separate group of radiographs. Precision was 0.89 to 1.16 mm and decreased as more variables were added. The direction of wear was toward the contact surface of the cup in greater than 50% of patients with more than 5 years followup. Negative wear severely affected precision in 40% to 50% of patients. Individual penetration measurements were unreliable when total penetration was low (< 1.1 mm). The two-dimensional computer technique has limitations when measuring such low wear. Measurement errors were caused by slight radio-graphic distortions of the femoral head and acetabular component and by blurred edges on some clinical radiographs.
Use of an Antifibrotic Agent Improves the Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Muscle Healing After Injury (2013)

These findings could contribute to the development of biological treatments that aid in the healing of skeletal muscle after injury.
Analysis of complex and noisy check images (2002)

We describe an image analysis system for handling complex and noisy images of forms and bank documents, such as business checks, personal checks, or bank deposits. Some of these document types have no standardized layout, requiring a careful analysis of the whole image, to find out where the relevant information, for example the courtesy amount, is located. Each element in the image is first classified as being part of machine printed text, handwritten text, or as being a graphical element, such as a line. To obtain a reliable identification of these different elements under noisy conditions, a set of templates is scanned over the image, extracting such elements as strokes, line end stops and corners. From this representation a quick and robust analysis of the image's content is possible to identify the different parts. Once a set of candidate subimages has been found, they are sent to a field recognition system. We describe an example of one such system, which locates and reads courtesy amounts on US checks.
Renal Energy Metabolism and Sodium Reabsorption (1973)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, disabling, and treatable. The strongest risk factor is a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy. As PPD is one of the most common complications of childbirth, it is ...Read More
Lost Mold Rapid Infiltration Forming of Mesoscale Ceramics: Part 1, Fabrication (2008)

Free-standing mesoscale (340 mum x 30 mum x 20 mum) bend bars with an aspect ratio over 15:1 and an edge resolution as fine as a single grain diameter ( approximately 400 nm) have been fabricated in large numbers on refractory ceramic substrates by combining a novel powder processing approach with photoresist molds and an innovative lost-mold thermal process. The colloid and interfacial chemistry of the nanoscale zirconia particulates has been modeled and used to prepare highly concentrated suspensions. Engineering solutions to challenges in mold fabrication and casting have yielded free-standing, crack-free parts. Molds are fabricated using high-aspect-ratio photoresist on ceramic substrates. Green parts are formed using a rapid infiltration method that exploits the shear thinning behavior of the highly concentrated ceramic suspension in combination with gelcasting. The mold is thermally decomposed and the parts are sintered in place on the ceramic substrate. Chemically aided attrition milling disperses and concentrates the as-received 3Y-TZP powder to produce a dense, fine-grained sintered microstructure. Initial three-point bend strength data are comparable to that of conventional zirconia; however, geometric irregularities (e.g., trapezoidal cross sections) are present in this first generation and are discussed with respect to the distribution of bend strength.
Efficacy of a phytase derived from Escherichia coli and expressed in yeast on phosphorus utilization and bone mineralization in turkey poults (2003)

A slope-response bioassay was conducted with male turkey poults to determine the sparing effect of P, based on improvements in bone mineralization in turkey poults, from 10 to 21 d of age when diets were supplemented with a novel phytase. Reference diets for calculation of the sparing effect of P contained 0.47, 0.55, 0.70, and 0.79% nonphytate phosphorus (NPP). Diets with varying dosages of a swine, Escherichia coli-derived AppA2 phytase (ECP) expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 U/kg) were added to the 0.47% NPP diet and improvements in bone mineralization determined the sparing effect of P supplied from ECP. Two additional reference diets were included that contained 500 U/kg from one of two commercial phytases (PA and PB) derived from Aspergillus and Peniophora. At 500 U/kg diet the ECP spared an additional 0.22% NPP (if calculated from tibia ash %), 0.18% NPP (if calculated from toe ash %), 0.24% NPP (if calculated from mg tibia ash), or 0.21% NPP (if calculated from mg toe ash). Phosphorus retention results validate bioassay results, in that 500 U ECP/kg resulted in 68.2% P being retained (0.49% of diet P retained) as compared with only 58.9% P being retained from the unsupplemented control diet (0.421% of diet P retained; P < 0.05).
Basic investigation of turbine erosion phenomena (1971)

An analytical-empirical model is presented of turbine erosion that fits and explains experience in both steam and metal vapor turbines. Because of the complexities involved in analyzing turbine problems, in a pure scientific sense, it is obvious that this goal can be only partially realized. Therefore, emphasis is placed on providing a useful model for preliminary erosion estimates for given configurations, fluids, and flow conditions.
A Novel Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Interleaved Half-Bridge Submodules (2022)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;A new Modular Multilevel Converter with Interleaved half-bridge Sub-Modules (ISM-MMC) is proposed in this paper. The ISM-MMC exhibits a higher modularity and scalability in terms of current ratings with respect to a conventional MMC, while preserves the typical voltage level adaptiveness. The ISM-MMC brings the known advantages of classical MMC to low-voltage, high-current applications making it a novel candidate for the sector of ultra-fast chargers for all types of electrical vehicles (EV). This advanced topology makes it possible to easily reach charging power of the EV charging system up to 4.5 MW and beyond with low-voltage supply. To operate the new converter, a hybrid modulation scheme that helps to exploit advantages of the interleaving scheme, is implemented, and explained in this paper. It has been verified that the typical MMC control methods are still applicable for ISM-MMC. A comparative study between classical MMC and ISM-MMC configurations in terms of output characteristics and efficiency is also given. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the number of ac voltage levels is synthetically multiplied by the number of interleaved half- bridge legs in submodules. Simulations, Hardware-in-the-Loop and Experimental tests are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed topology and implemented modulation scheme.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Novel and nodulation-regulated microRNAs in soybean roots (2008)

Construction and analysis of a small RNA library led to the identification of 20 conserved and 35 novel miRNA families in soybean. The availability of complete and assembled genome sequence information will enable identification of many other miRNAs. The conserved miRNA loci and novel miRNAs identified in this study enable investigation of the role of miRNAs in rhizobial symbiosis.
In vivo markers of inflammatory response in recent-onset schizophrenia: a combined study using [11C]DPA-713 PET and analysis of CSF and plasma (2016)

Several lines of evidence suggest aberrant immune response in schizophrenia, including elevated levels of cytokines. These cytokines are thought to be produced by activated microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system. However, increase in translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a marker of activated glia, has not been found in patients with chronic schizophrenia using second-generation radiotracers and positron emission tomography (PET)-based neuroimaging. In this study we focused on patients with recent onset of schizophrenia (within 5 years of diagnosis). Quantified levels of TSPO in the cortical and subcortical brain regions using the PET-based radiotracer [(11)C]DPA-713 were compared between the patients and healthy controls. Markers of inflammation, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), were assessed in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in these participants. We observed no significant change in the binding of [(11)C]DPA-713 to TSPO in 12 patients with recent onset of schizophrenia compared with 14 controls. Nevertheless, the patients with recent onset of schizophrenia showed a significant increase in IL-6 in both plasma (P<0.001) and CSF (P=0.02). The CSF levels of IL-6 were significantly correlated with the levels of IL-6 in plasma within the total study population (P<0.001) and in patients with recent onset of schizophrenia alone (P=0.03). Our results suggest that increased levels of IL-6 may occur in the absence of changed TSPO PET signal in the brains of medicated patients with recent onset of schizophrenia. Future development of PET-based radiotracers targeting alternative markers of glial activation and immune response may be needed to capture the inflammatory signature present in the brains of patients with early-stage disease.
Optimization of thin film protection for waveguided ultrasonic phased arrays (2022)

Acoustic waveguides offer grating lobe-free beam-forming for air-coupled phased arrays. Due to the separation of the transducers aperture and the radiating aperture, the output of the phased arrays can be freely designed independent of the transducers geometry. However, since the output ports of the waveguide are open they can be easily clogged due to liquids, dirt or dust. In previous work, we investigated multiple solutions for this issue and concluded that there is a compromise between water resistance and minimal acoustic losses. In this work we reduced the losses of thin films to combine low insertion losses (IL) with high protection classes of up to IP 68. By introducing thermo-viscous effects to the waveguide, the resonance frequencies of the transducer and the film can be combined. In addition, the position of the film inside the waveguide was optimized and we switched from low density polyethylene (LDPE) to polylactic acid (PLA) as a film material. As a result, we were able to reduce the IL to 0.4 dB±1 dB while remaining the same water resistance from previous work.
Simultaneous detection of five major serotypes of Avian coronavirus by a multiplex microsphere-based assay (2013)

Avian coronavirus (commonly known as Infectious bronchitis virus [IBV]) is of major economic importance to commercial chicken producers worldwide. Due to the existence of multiple serotypes and variants of the virus that do not cross-protect, it is important to diagnose circulating serotypes and choose the right vaccine type for successful protection. In an effort to improve conventional diagnostic tests, a microsphere-based assay was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of the most common IBV vaccine serotypes in the United States: Arkansas (Ark), Connecticut (Conn), Massachusetts (Mass), Delaware (DE072), and Georgia 98 (GA98). The analytical specificity and sensitivity, and diagnostic specificity and sensitivity, were evaluated. The microsphere-based assay was highly specific to designated serotypes and generated reproducible data. Comparing the microsphere-based assay to nucleotide sequencing, the 2 methods agreed more than 93% (kappa value > .77). In addition, the microsphere-based assay could detect coinfections in clinical samples. The results demonstrate the utility of the microsphere-based assay as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool with the potential for high throughput diagnosis.
Impact of AlTaO Dielectric Capping on Device Performance and Reliability for Advanced Metal Gate/High-$k$ PMOS Application (2011)

We have investigated the effect of ultrathin Al-Ta-based capping layers on HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and experimentally demonstrated that, with proper Al and Ta composition, an AlTaO capping layer is a good candidate dielectric for PMOSFET devices. Lower threshold voltage and significantly improved mobility were observed with AlTaO capping without degrading the dielectric properties. The addition of Ta in an AlTaO structure produces d-states in the Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> matrix, resulting in an additional <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</i> shift toward the PMOS band edge. This AlTaO capping layer not only modulates the device <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</i> suitably for PMOS applications but also retards Al diffusion through the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer, preventing Al-caused mobility degradation. Furthermore, the incorporation of a capping layer can improve reliability characteristics during the negative bias stress.
DIKÉ E TÊMIS (2017)

Originalmente, o presente texto constituía o prefácio à obra BOULAD-AYOUB, Josiane; MELKEVIK, Bjarne; ROBERT, Pierre (dirs). L’Amour des lois. La crise de la loi moderne dans les sociétés démocratiques. Québec et Paris: Presses de l'Université Laval et L'Harmattan, 1996, que reuniu algumas das intervenções oferecidas durante um colóquio acadêmico de mesmo título, realizado no Canadá. A opção por traduzir e publicar aquele prefácio deveu-se, segundo as tradutoras, à atualidade, clareza e didatismo com que os autores abordam temas tão caros à filosofia e teoria do direito contemporâneas. As tradutoras agradecem, em especial, a atenção e gentileza do Prof. Dr. Bjarne Melkevik pela autorização de publicação e pela atenção dedicada à revisão deste texto.
Origin of helicity-dependent photoconductivity in magnetic and nonmagnetic wires (2022)

We study the opto-electric response in metallic wire structures. The aim is to understand the origin of helicity-dependent photoconductivity. For nonmagnetic metals this effect is generally believed to probe spin polarization. Using magnetic wires we show that this method enables background free imaging of spin textures. Analyzing the physical origin we find that the circular dichroism slightly modulates the absorption. The corresponding thermal modulation explains the measured electrical signals. We apply this result to examine the spin Hall effect induced spin accumulation in heavy metals. Here, we show that previously reported results in nonmagnetic wires are well reproducible, but not related to the spin polarization.
Current status and challenges in optical turbulence simulations in various layers of the Earth's atmosphere (2014)

In this study, we present a brief review on the existing approaches for optical turbulence estimation in various layers of the Earth’s atmosphere. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are also discussed. An alternative approach, based on mesoscale modeling with parameterized turbulence, is proposed and tested for the simulation of refractive index structure parameter (C<sup>2</sup><sub>n</sub> ) in the atmospheric boundary layer. The impacts of a few atmospheric flow phenomena (e.g., low-level jets, island wake vortices, gravity waves) on optical turbulence are discussed. Consideration of diverse geographic settings (e.g., flat terrain, coastal region, ocean islands) makes this study distinct.
Separation of Complex Oligosaccharide Mixtures by Capillary Electrophoresis in the Open-Tubular Format (1994)

The fluorescent derivatives of complex oligosaccharide mixtures from different origins are separated in open capillaries. The number of negatively charged sulfonate groups in the tag molecule strongly affects separation efficiency and selectivity. Coating of the capillary surface with linear polyacrylamide has been essential to ensure fast and stable migration velocities. Efficiencies in excess of 1 million plates/m have been achieved, facilitating resolution of branched oligosaccharides. The effects of field strength and buffer composition on the apparent electrophoretic mobility of dextran and dextrin oligomers are discussed, with relation to borate complexation. Preliminary examples of applications to monitoring the action of hydrolytic and synthesizing enzymes are also described.
Similarity and dissimilarity among different modulation formats under intra-channel nonlinearity in DCF-free link (2012)

We have examined intra-channel nonlinearity induced distortions in DCF-free coherent transmission system for different modulation formats in detail. Both similarity and dissimilarity of the noise characteristics have been observed and can be explained by the proposed new nonlinear model.
ChemInform Abstract: MULTIPLE METAL‐CARBON BONDS. 7. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TA(η5‐C5H5)2(CH2)(CH3), A STUDY OF ITS DECOMPOSITION, AND SOME SIMPLE REACTIONS (1978)

Abstract Das aus TaCls und Zn(CH 3 ) 2 in Pentan mit 80% Ausb. gewonnene (I) reagiert mit Tl‐cyclopentadienid über das Produkt (II) zum Derivat (III).
adhesion molecule-1 up-regulatio (2016)

Several tumor necrosis factor receptor- associated factor (TRAF) family proteins including TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF5, and TRAF6, as well as Jak3, have been implicated as potential mediators of CD40 signaling. An extensive in vitro binding study indicated that TRAF2 and TRAF3 bind to the CD40 cytoplasmic tail (CD40ct) with much higher affinity than TRAF5 and TRAF6 and that TRAF2 and TRAF3 bind to different residues of the CD40ct. Using CD40 mutants incapable of binding TRAF2, TRAF3, or Jak3, we found that the TRAF2-binding site of the CD40ct is critical for NF-cB and stress-activated protein kinase activation, as well as the up-regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecule-i (ICAM-1) gene, whereas binding of TRAF3 and Jak3 is dispensable for all of these functions. Overexpression of a dominantly active IKBa strongly inhibited CD40-induced NF-KB activation, ICAM-1 promoter activity, and cell-surface ICAM-1 up-regulation. These studies suggest a potential signal transduction pathway from the CD40 receptor to the transcriptional activation of the ICAM-1 gene.
ChemInform Abstract: Coelobillardin, an Iridoid Glucoside Dimer from Coelospermum billardieri. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Retinal Phototoxicity (1999)

Phototoxic retinal lesions are a product of advances in operative technology. Use of more powerful light sources in both anterior and posterior segment cases and an increase in surgical complexity requiring longer operative times (especially during ophthalmic training) have rendered photic injury a real danger for all surgeons. Though we enjoy the enhanced view offered by modern light sources, we must also keep in mind the additive, detrimental effect of prolonged light exposure. With increased awareness of this potential hazard, surgeons can take steps to minimize the chance of generating a sight-threatening phototoxic lesion.
Style Transfer Through Multilingual and Feedback-Based Back-Translation (2018)

Style transfer is the task of transferring an attribute of a sentence (e.g., formality) while maintaining its semantic content. The key challenge in style transfer is to strike a balance between the competing goals, one to preserve meaning and the other to improve the style transfer accuracy. Prior research has identified that the task of meaning preservation is generally harder to attain and evaluate. This paper proposes two extensions of the state-of-the-art style transfer models aiming at improving the meaning preservation in style transfer. Our evaluation shows that these extensions help to ground meaning better while improving the transfer accuracy.
Ein neuartiger Typ von Flüssigkristallen auf der Basis axial fluorierter Cyclohexanderivate (1998)

Deutlich höhere Klärtemperaturen und häufig auch einen breiteren Existenzbereich der Mesophasen zeigen Cyclohexanderivate mit axialen Fluorsubstituenten (1, 2) verglichen mit den entsprechenden nicht-fluorierten Verbindungen. Eine einfache und nützliche Methode für die Synthese von Verbindungen wie 1 und 2, die einen vielversprechenden neuen Typ von Flüssigkristallen mit positiver oder negativer dielektrischer Anisotropie repräsentieren, wird vorgestellt.
Frame Rate Up-Conversion Based Motion Vector Derivation for Hybrid Video Coding (2017)

In this paper, a MV derivation method based on the idea of frame rate up-conversion (FRUC) is proposed. When a block is signaled as FRUC mode, the motion information of the block is derived without signaling. Moreover, derived MVs are refined at sub-block level for more accurate motion field. In addition, two matching methods, i.e., bilateral matching and template matching are supported to obtain good performance in both bi-directional and uni-directional prediction. Simulations under HEVC common test conditions show that over 4.2% average BD-rate reduction was achieved over HEVC reference software HM-16.6 in the case of random access configuration. The method has been adopted into the Joint Exploration Model (JEM) developed by the joint video exploration team (JVET) of MPEG and ITU-T VCEG for the study of next generation video coding standard.
Replication Data for: Aerobic Radical Polymerization Mediated by Microbial Metabolism (2019)

Raw data used for computing averages, mathematical fits, NMR spectra, microscopy images, polymer characterization data.
ChemInform Abstract: 12‐S‐cis Conformationally Locked Retinoids: Thermal and Photochemical Interconversions Leading to New Geometric Isomers. Electronic Spectra of 12‐S‐cis Conformationally Locked Retinals. (1984)

Abstract In der ersten Arbeit wird die Isomerisierung der Retinale (I) ↔ (II) untersucht.
A Phase II Clinical Trial of Topotecan in Japanese Patients with Relapsed Ovarian Carcinoma (2010)

Topotecan at 1.2 mg/m(2)/day is an effective and tolerable therapeutic option for Japanese patients with relapsed ovarian carcinoma.