gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A transformational approach to constraint relaxation of a time-driven simulation model (2002)

Time-driven simulation models typically model timing in an idealized way that is over-constrained and cannot be directly implemented. We present a transformation to relax the constraints imposed by a time-driven simulation model, thus creating a larger design space. We transform the system into SPI, a common intermediate representation for heterogeneously specified embedded systems. At the SPI level critical timing constraints are (re)introduced, resulting in a representation that is well suited for global system analysis, optimization and synthesis.
Generative Plug and Play: Posterior Sampling for Inverse Problems (2023)

Over the past decade, Plug-and-Play (PnP) has become a popular method for reconstructing images using a modular framework consisting of a forward and prior model. The great strength of PnP is that an image denoiser can be used as a prior model while the forward model can be implemented using more traditional physics-based approaches. However, a limitation of PnP is that it reconstructs only a single deterministic image. In this paper, we introduce Generative Plug-and-Play (GPnP), a generalization of PnP to sample from the posterior distribution. As with PnP, GPnP has a modular framework using a physics-based forward model and an image denoising prior model. However, in GPnP these models are extended to become proximal generators, which sample from associated distributions. GPnP applies these proximal generators in alternation to produce samples from the posterior. We present experimental simulations using the well-known BM3D denoiser. Our results demonstrate that the GPnP method is robust, easy to implement, and produces intuitively reasonable samples from the posterior for sparse interpolation and tomographic reconstruction. Code to accompany this paper is available at https://github.com/gbuzzard/generative-pnp-allerton .
Quantitative Comparison of Photothermal Heat Generation between Gold Nanospheres and Nanorods (2016)

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are widely used for biomedical applications due to unique optical properties, established synthesis methods, and biological compatibility. Despite important applications of plasmonic heating in thermal therapy, imaging, and diagnostics, the lack of quantification in heat generation leads to difficulties in comparing the heating capability for new plasmonic nanostructures and predicting the therapeutic and diagnostic outcome. This study quantifies GNP heat generation by experimental measurements and theoretical predictions for gold nanospheres (GNS) and nanorods (GNR). Interestingly, the results show a GNP-type dependent agreement between experiment and theory. The measured heat generation of GNS matches well with theory, while the measured heat generation of GNR is only 30% of that predicted theoretically at peak absorption. This then leads to a surprising finding that the polydispersity, the deviation of nanoparticle size and shape from nominal value, significantly influences GNR heat generation (>70% reduction), while having a limited effect for GNS (<10% change). This work demonstrates that polydispersity is an important metric in quantitatively predicting plasmonic heat generation and provides a validated framework to quantitatively compare the heating capabilities between gold and other plasmonic nanostructures.
Performance analysis of (TDD) massive MIMO with Kalman channel prediction (2017)

In massive MIMO systems, which rely on uplink pilots to estimate the channel, the time interval between pilot transmissions constrains the length of the downlink. Since switching between up- and downlink takes time, longer downlink blocks increase the effective spectral efficiency. We investigate the use of low-complexity channel models and Kalman filters for channel prediction, to allow for longer intervals between the pilots. Specifically, we quantify how often uplink pilots have to be sent when the downlink rate is allowed to degrade by a certain percentage. To this end, we consider a time-correlated channel aging model, whose spectrum is rectangular, and use autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes to approximate the time-variations of such channels. We show that ARMA-based predictors can increase the interval between pilots and the spectral efficiency in channels with high Doppler spreads. We also show that Kalman prediction is robust to mismatches in the channel statistics.
Hip Resurfacing and Conventional THA: Comparison of Acetabular Bone Stock Removal, Leg Length, and Offset (2013)

The purpose of this study was to compare total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) with regard to the amount of acetabular bone stock removed and the ability to restore leg length and offset. Anteroposterior pelvis radiographs of 153 consecutive THAs and 84 consecutive HRAs were compared. Excluded patients were those with prior hip surgery, those in which a best-fit circle could not be adequately matched to the femoral head, and those with preoperative radiographic findings that precluded consideration for HRA (ie, disease severity, deformity, leg-length discrepancy). A significant difference was found between THA and HRA with regards to age and sex but not primary diagnosis. Relative differences in acetabular bone removal were compared using a ratio of acetabular implant diameter to preoperative ipsilateral femoral head diameter measured with a best-fit circle. The ratio of acetabular cup diameter to preoperative ipsilateral femoral head diameter was significantly greater following THA than following HRA, indicating relatively more acetabular bone removal in THA procedures. Mean leg-length discrepancy was significantly greater following THA than following HRA. Offset was increased to a greater extent following THA than following HRA. Overall, HRA was associated with relatively less acetabular bone stock removal and less alteration in leg length and offset than was THA.
Vertical and direct integration of heterojunction phototransistors and laser diodes (1993)

Abstract An optoelectronic integrated device based on the concept of vertical and direct integration is described. Four types of integrated devices composed of multiple heterojunction phototransistors and laser diodes are developed and the devices successfully achieve thirteen functions: optical switching, amplification, thresholding, bistability, light-controlled optical bistability, light-controlled optical thresholding, tristability, set and reset functions in tristable states, set and reset functions in tetrastable states, and bistable and tristable flip-flop functions.
Brasiliquinones A–C, new cytotoxic benz[a]anthraquinones with an ethyl group at C-3 from actinomycete Nocardia brasiliensis (1996)

Three new cytotoxic benz[a]anthraquinones with an ethyl group at C-3, brasiliquinones A–C 1–3, have been isolated from the actinomycete Nocardia brasiliensis IFM 0089, and their structures elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and by chemical means. Brasiliquinone A 1 is the first benz[a]anthraquinone possessing ristosamine as an O-glycoside moiety, while brasiliquinones B 2 and C 3 correspond to the aglycone of 1 and the 8-O-methyl derivative of 2, respectively.
A Broad Light‐Harvesting Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Enables Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation in a Bacterial Biohybrid (2023)

We report a rationally designed membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), namely COE-IC, which endows aerobic N<sub>2</sub> -fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii with a light-harvesting ability that enables photosynthetic ammonia production. COE-IC possesses an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type conjugated core, which promotes visible light absorption with a high molar extinction coefficient. Furthermore, COE-IC spontaneously associates with A. vinelandii to form a biohybrid in which the COE is intercalated within the lipid bilayer membrane. In the presence of L-ascorbate as a sacrificial electron donor, the resulting COE-IC/A. vinelandii biohybrid showed a 2.4-fold increase in light-driven ammonia production, as compared to the control. Photoinduced enhancement of bacterial biomass and production of L-amino acids is also observed. Introduction of isotopically enriched <sup>15</sup> N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere led to the enrichment of <sup>15</sup> N-containing intracellular metabolites, consistent with the products being generated from atmospheric N<sub>2</sub> .
Activity Estimation for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (2006)

This paper examines various activity estimation techniques in order to determine which are most appropriate for use in the context of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Specifically, the paper compares how different activity estimation techniques affect the accuracy of FPGA power models and the ability of power-aware FPGA CAD tools to minimize power. After comparing various existing techniques, the most suitable existing techniques are combined with two novel enhancements to create a new activity estimation tool called ACE-2.0. Finally, the new publicly available tool is compared to existing tools to validate the improvements. Using activities estimated by ACE-2.0, the power estimates and power savings were both within 1% of the results obtained using simulated activities
Development of a Highly Potent, Novel M5Positive Allosteric Modulator (PAM) Demonstrating CNS Exposure: 1-((1H-Indazol-5-yl)sulfoneyl)-N-ethyl-N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide (ML380) (2014)

A functional high throughput screen identified a novel chemotype for the positive allosteric modulation (PAM) of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M5). Application of rapid analog, iterative parallel synthesis efficiently optimized M5 potency to arrive at the most potent M5 PAMs prepared to date and provided tool compound 8n (ML380) demonstrating modest CNS penetration (human M5 EC50 = 190 nM, rat M5 EC50 = 610 nM, brain to plasma ratio (Kp) of 0.36).
Tailoring the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes for optical applications (2011)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with specific diameters are required for various applications particularly in electronics and photonics, since the diameter is an essential characteristic determining their electronic and optical properties. In this work, the selective growth of SWCNTs with a certain mean diameter is achieved by the addition of appropriate amounts of CO2 mixed with the carbon source (CO) into the aerosol (floating catalyst) chemical vapor deposition reactor. The noticeable shift of the peaks in the absorption spectra reveals that the mean diameters of the as-deposited SWCNTs are efficiently altered from 1.2 to 1.9 nm with increasing CO2 concentration. It is believed that CO2 acts as an etching agent and can selectively etch small diameter tubes due to their highly curved carbon surfaces. Polymer-free as-deposited SWCNT films with the desired diameters are used as saturable absorbers after stamping onto a highly reflecting Ag-mirror using a simple dry-transfer technique. Sub-picosecond mode-locked fiber laser operations at ∼1.56 μm and ∼2 μm are demonstrated, showing improvements in the performance after the optimization of the SWCNT properties.
Pseudo-Random Unitary Operators for Quantum Information Processing (2003)

In close analogy to the fundamental role of random numbers in classical information theory, random operators are a basic component of quantum information theory. Unfortunately, the implementation of random unitary operators on a quantum processor is exponentially hard. Here we introduce a method for generating pseudo-random unitary operators that can reproduce those statistical properties of random unitary operators most relevant to quantum information tasks. This method requires exponentially fewer resources, and hence enables the practical application of random unitary operators in quantum communication and information processing protocols. Using a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum processor, we were able to realize pseudorandom unitary operators that reproduce the expected random distribution of matrix elements.
Identification of the dopamine autoreceptor in the guinea‐pig retina as D2 receptor using novel subtype‐selective antagonists (2001)

1. Dopamine release in the retina is subject to modulation via autoreceptors, which belong to the D(2) receptor family (encompassing the D(2), D(3) and D(4) receptors). The aim of the present study was to determine the receptor subtype (D(2) vs D(3)) involved in the inhibition of dopamine release in guinea-pig retinal discs, using established (haloperidol, (S)-nafadotride) and novel dopamine receptor antagonists (ST-148, ST-198). 2. hD(2L) and hD(3) receptors were expressed in CHO cells and the pK(i) values determined in binding studies with [(125)I]-iodosulpride were: haloperidol 9.22 vs 8.54; ST-148 7.85 vs 6.60; (S)-nafadotride 8.52 vs 9.51; ST-198 6.14 vs 7.92. 3. The electrically evoked tritium overflow from retinal discs preincubated with [(3)H]-noradrenaline (which represents quasi-physiological dopamine release) was inhibited by the dopamine receptor agonists B-HT 920 (talipexole) and quinpirole (maximally by 82 and 71%; pEC(50) 5.80 and 5.83). The concentration-response curves of these agonists were shifted to the right by haloperidol (apparent pA(2) 8.69 and 8.23) and ST-148 (7.52 and 7.66). (S)-Nafadotride 0.01 microM and ST-198 0.32 microM did not affect the concentration-response curve of B-HT 920. 4. The dopamine autoreceptor in the guinea-pig retina can be classified as a D(2) receptor. ST-148 and ST-198 show an improved selectivity for D(2) and D(3) receptors when compared to haloperidol and (S)-nafadotride, respectively.
Novel multigene families encoding highly repetitive peptide sequences. Sequence analyses of rat and mouse proline-rich protein cDNAs. (1985)

Multigene families encode the proline-rich proteins that are so prominent in human saliva and are dramatically induced in mouse and rat salivary glands by isoproterenol treatment and by feeding tannins. A cDNA encoding an acidic proline-rich protein of rat has been sequenced (Ziemer, M. A., Swain, W. F., Rutter, W. J., Clements, S., Ann, D. K., and Carlson D. M. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10475-10480). This study presents the nucleotide sequences of five additional proline-rich protein cDNAs complementary to both mouse and rat parotid and submandibular gland mRNAs. Amino acid compositions deduced from the nucleotide sequences are typical for proline-rich proteins: 25-45% proline, 18-22% glycine, and 18-22% glutamine and generally an absence of sulfur-containing amino acids except for the initiator methionine. These proline-rich proteins display unusual repeating peptide sequences of 14-19 amino acids. The derived amino acid sequence of the cDNA insert of plasmid pMP1 from mouse has a 19-amino acid sequence which is repeated four times. The inserts of plasmids pUMP40 and pUMP4 also from mouse encode for 12 and 11 repeats of a 14-amino acid peptide, respectively. These repetitive sequences, and others from rat and mouse cDNAs and from human genomic clones, all show very high homologies and likely evolved from duplication of internal portions of an ancestral gene. Gene conversion could account for the high degree of conservation of nucleotide sequences of the repeat regions. Protein derived from the nucleotide sequences are all characterized by four general regions: a putative signal peptide, a transition region, the repetitive region, and a carboxyl-terminal region. The 5'-flanking sequences and sequences encoding the putative signal peptides are highly conserved (greater than 94%) in all six cDNAs. This sequence conservation may be important in the regulation of the biosynthesis of these unusual proteins.
Fracture properties of thin brittle MTM clay coating on ductile HEC polymer substrate (2023)

Thin clay coatings can be deposited from water dispersions for the purpose of improved gas barrier properties and fire retardancy of polymeric materials. Mechanical properties of the coatings are difficult to assess, since they are very thin (≈1µm). In-situ tests using a micro tensile stage in a scanning electron microscope reveal a thickness-dependent microcracking mechanism, and Weibull parameters for coating fracture are extracted. Complex fracture events are identified, related to a weak clay coating-polymer substrate interface. A micromechanical finite element formulation provides values of 5 MPa for interfacial shear strength and 1 J/m2 for interfacial fracture toughness. From the multiple cracking behavior of the clay coating, a clay strength ≈ 225 MPa is estimated by the Weibull strength parameter from fragmentation diagrams. The method may be extended to other combinations of brittle coating-ductile substrates.
Augmentative Modes of Communication for the Severely Speech- and Motor-Impaired (1980)

There is a large population of individuals whose speech impairments are so severe that they are unable to communicate effectively or fully through the speech mode alone. For these individuals, augmentative communication techniques which can supplement their speech (if any) should be implemented to provide them with a fully functional communication system. A variety of different techniques and approaches has been developed, each with advantages and disadvantages for individuals having different skills, handicaps or constraints. Clinical work to date has shown that these approaches do not impede the development or use of speech, where it is functional, in a significant portion of the population. There is some evidence that they enhance the development of intelligible speech. Selection of the appropriate technique, however, is complicated, since there are many factors, including physical, cognitve, language and environmental, that must be considered in selecting the appropriate aid. For this reason, selection is best carried out by an interdisciplinary team which is specially trained for this purpose. Advances in the field, both in terms of information and training as well as in the development of new aids, is moving quite rapidly at this time, and it is expected that dramatic advances in the appropriate care and rehabilitation of individuals with severe and extreme communication impairment will be seen over the next 5 to 10 years.
Anionic synthesis and characterization of poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymers (1993)

Abstract Poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐b‐Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (P4VP‐b‐PDMS) copolymers have been synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization of 4VP and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane at — 70°C. The initiator was sodium naphthenate. The solvent used during reactions has a very critical role in an homogeneous polymerization medium. A 1:1 pyridine/THF mixture was found to be the most suitable. The products were characterized by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. All the results indicated the formation of 4‐vinylpyridine‐siloxane block copolymers. Also, the P4VP blocks can be completely quaternized with methyl iodide as indicated by 1 H‐NMR and FTIR spectroscopies.
Exploring Derivatives of Quinazoline Alkaloid l-Vasicine as Cap Groups in the Design and Biological Mechanistic Evaluation of Novel Antitumor Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2017)

l-Vasicine is a quinazoline alkaloid with an electron dense ring and additional functionalities in its structure. Employing target oriented synthesis (TOS) based on in silico studies, molecules with significant docking scores containing different derivatives of l-vasicine as caps were synthesized. Interestingly, one molecule, i.e., 4a, which contained 3-hyroxypyrrolidine as a cap group and a six carbon long aliphatic chain as a linker was found to inhibit HDACs. 4a showed more specificity toward class I HDAC isoforms. Also 4a was found to be less cytotoxic toward normal cell lines as compared to cancer cell lines. 4a inhibited cancer cell growth and induced cell death by various mechanisms. However, 4a was found to induce cell death independent of ROS generation, and unlike many natural product based HDAC inhibitors, 4a was found to be nontoxic under in vivo conditions. Importantly, we for the first time report the possibility of using a 3-hydroxypyrrolidine cap for the synthesis of HDAC inhibitors with good potency.
The Pursuit of Happiness (2020)

Design, fabrication, assembly, test, and debug of integrated circuits and systems have become distributed across the globe, raising major concerns about their security and trustworthiness. Such systems are prevalent is many critical-mission infrastructures, in which they require long and secure operation life. In this talk, we will provide a detailed overview of the challenges in today's global electronics supply chain, then discuss the need for establishing hardware root of trust (HROT) within cyber domain. Notably, we will present innovative methods to demonstrate authentication and trust verification for Integrated circuits and systems.
A Soft Chemistry Route to Selective Nickel‐Based Nanocatalysts with Faceted Morphologies (2013)

A one pot synthesis of alumina supported faceted nickel nanoparticles is carried out following a simple, inexpensive, and sustainable pathway. Tailoring the different chemical steps of catalyst preparation allow the faceted morphology to be maintained while reducing the organic leftover. Moreover, this work shows the key role of the halide ions on the nanoparticles shaping that occurs during the reduction step under H 2 . The predominant role of the {111} facets on the performance of the resulting supported nanocatalysts is also demonstrated. Indeed, catalytic tests in selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons performed for both faceted nanocatalysts and reference Ni show a clear selectivity enhancement for the former. The positive impact of {111} faceted Ni catalysts on hydrogenation selectivity is of particular interest to reduce the purification steps after the catalyzed reaction.
The role of an alginate suspension on pepsin and bile acids – key aggressors in the gastric refluxate. Does this have implications for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease? (2009)

GA can specifically remove both pepsin and bile acids from the refluxate, limit their diffusion and affect enzymatic activity of pepsin. There is a role for GA to reduce the damaging potential of the refluxate and thus protect the oesophagus.