gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Device and Serious Game Contents for the Multi-finger Rehabilitation (2016)

In modern society, with the increasing use of such compact devices as smart phones and computers, finger and hand mobility is very important for daily living. Generally, in the case where there is impaired motor function of the hands or fingers, rehabilitation involves boring repetitive exercises. In this study, serious games were implemented using a dynamometer which made it possible to measure grip width and finger grip strength according to the size of the hand. The game was developed based on rhythm games, and, by selectively training the fingers that need rehabilitation, it is possible to improve a variety of functions such as finger agility, power and endurance. In addition, by analyzing data changes during the training process, the intensity of the rehabilitation can be quantitatively assessed. Furthermore, it provided users with an active and fun rehabilitation environment because they could choose and use their own desired music files during their rehabilitation. Keywords: Dynamometer, Multi-finger Rehabilitation, Rhythm Game, Serious Game
Analysis of single mode bent fiber failure under high power conditions (2005)

Optical fiber networks are being developed that require higher optical power levels. Examples include long haul communication with Raman amplification and fiber to the premises. Previous studies indicate that tightly bent optical fiber can mechanically fail when exposed to high optical power levels. In an extreme case where fiber is sharply bent and subjected to a power level of 1 to 2 W in the near-infrared wavelength window, optical fiber can fail in minutes. It also has been shown that time to failure decreases with increasing bend stress and optical power. This study is a further investigation of the physical events leading to failure. Previously we demonstrated that the optical signal that escapes the core of bent fiber passes into the coating, where a small amount is absorbed and converted to heat. As a result the coating can be heated to significant temperatures resulting in degradation over time. This paper focuses on several key aspects of the failure kinetics associated with bent fiber under high power. As a result of bending, optical power leaked from the core is distributed in the glass cladding and polymer coating. We have modeled this power distribution and compared it with measured temperature profiles in the coating. The results show that this redistribution of the power is key to establishing the distribution of temperature in the coating and ensuing degradation. This understanding is used to design glass and coating solutions for inhibiting this potential failure mode.
Data from Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling Drives Breast Cancer Cell Escape from Natural Killer–Mediated Cytotoxicity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of immune evasion in cancer is critical for the development of immunotherapies aimed to restore and stimulate effective antitumor immunity. Here, we evaluate the role of the actin cytoskeleton in breast cancer cell resistance to cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells. A significant fraction of breast cancer cells responded to NK-cell attack via a surprisingly rapid and massive accumulation of F-actin near the immunologic synapse, a process we termed “actin response.” Live-cell imaging provided direct evidence that the actin response is associated with tumor cell resistance to NK-cell–mediated cell death. High-throughput imaging flow cytometry analyses showed that breast cancer cell lines highly resistant to NK cells were significantly enriched in actin response-competent cells as compared with susceptible cell lines. The actin response was not associated with a defect in NK-cell activation but correlated with reduced intracellular levels of the cytotoxic protease granzyme B and a lower rate of apoptosis in target cells. Inhibition of the actin response by knocking down CDC42 or N-WASP led to a significant increase in granzyme B levels in target cells and was sufficient to convert resistant breast cancer cell lines into a highly susceptible phenotype. The actin response and its protective effects were fully recapitulated using donor-derived primary NK cells as effector cells. Together, these findings establish the pivotal role of actin remodeling in breast cancer cell resistance to NK-cell–mediated killing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; These findings establish the pivotal role of the actin cytoskeleton in driving breast cancer cell resistance to natural killer cells, a subset of cytotoxic lymphocytes with important roles in innate antitumor immunity. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(19); 5631–43. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Characterization of Large Copy Number Variation in Mexican Type 2 Diabetes subjects (2017)

The effect of Copy Number Variants (CNVs) on Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) remains little explored. The present study characterized large rare CNVs in 686 T2D and 194 non-T2D subjects of Mexican ancestry genotyped using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 5.0. Rare CNVs with ≥ 100 kb length were identified using a stringent strategy based on merging CNVs calls generated using Birdsuit, iPattern and PennCNV algorithms. We applied three different strategies to evaluate the distribution of CNVs in the T2D and non-T2D samples: 1) Burden analysis, 2) Identification of CNVs in loci previously associated to T2D, and 3) Identification of CNVs observed only in the T2D group. In the CNV burden analysis, the T2D group showed a higher proportion of CNVs, and also a higher proportion of CNVs overlapping at least one gene than the non T2D group. Five of the six loci previously associated with T2D had duplications or deletions in the T2D sample, but not the non-T2D sample. A gene-set analysis including genes with CNVs observed only in the T2D group highlighted gene-sets related with sensory perception (olfactory receptors, OR) and phenylpyruvate tautomerase/dopachrome isomerase activity (MIF and DDT genes).
[Further advances in the salt sensitivity hypothesis in man]. (1991)

The hypothesis, proposed by us since 1981, that genetically determined salt sensitivity exists in the normotensive population has been confirmed by other groups. We propose that in salt sensitive subjects an augmented upregulation of alpha-2 combined with simultaneous downregulation of beta-2 adrenoceptors by a high salt diet (resulting in an increase in the "operative" adrenoceptor ratio) is responsible for the rise of blood pressure. In salt resistant subjects the "operative alpha-2/beta-2 adrenoceptor ratio" does not increase on a high salt intake. The adrenoceptor changes in salt sensitive subjects probably lead to an increased central sympathetic outflow (through receptor changes in certain brain areas) and to simultaneous enhanced end-organ response in resistance vessels and in the kidney, causing enhanced vasoconstriction and enhanced sodium reabsorption. Long term follow up of salt sensitive normotensives will show, whether they develop "essential hypertension" in the future.
Efficient polarimetric detection of man-made targets (2006)

The purpose of this study is to explore the polarimetric phenomenology of 2-D signals in a variety of experimental scenarios. Polarimetric imaging offers unique advantages for a wide range of detection and classification problems. It relies on the preservation of polarization of backscattered light, while offering distinct signatures related to surface smoothness, orientation, and target composition. The line spread function (LSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF) of different targets have been studied under back scattered and polarimetric conditions. The images were analyzed with Adobe Photoshop and MATLAB 7.0. The results consistently show the improvement that polarimetric imaging provides.
On cascading of the series loaded resonant converter (2008)

In this paper a novel method for cascading H-bridge and resonant tanks in a SLR, series loaded resonant, converter is presented. The main focus is on load sharing. Different methods are discussed. Their robustness regarding variations in operating frequency, values of the components and parasitic elements are evaluated. The results are validated both by simulations and by experiments. For the experimental part a 120 kW/70 kV system has been designed and tested. The measurements confirm the simulations, where the proposed method shows an equal sharing of the load (current) even when operating the system close to resonance with a +/- 10% worst-case variation of the resonant tank components. The method is derived for two subsystems, but can be generalised to any number of subsystems. Thus, enabling the use of compact, standardised modules connected together forming very powerful systems.
Enhancement of magnetoresistance by hydrogen ion treatment for current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistive films with a current-confined-path nano-oxide layer (2010)

We have enhanced magnetoresistance (MR) for current-perpendicular-to-plane giant-magnetoresistive (CPP-GMR) films with a current-confined-path nano-oxide layer (CCP-NOL). In order to realize higher purity in Cu for CCPs, hydrogen ion treatment (HIT) was applied as the CuO(x) reduction process. By applying the HIT process, an MR ratio was increased to 27.4% even in the case of using conventional FeCo magnetic layer, from 13.0% for a reference without the HIT process. Atom probe tomography data confirmed oxygen reduction by the HIT process in the CCP-NOL. The relationship between oxygen counts and MR ratio indicates that further oxygen reduction would realize an MR ratio greater than 50%.
Role of 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3and Parathyroid Hormone in Urinary Calcium Excretion in Calcium Stone Formers (2014)

1,25(OH)₂D₃ was closely correlated with urinary calcium excretion, and high 1,25(OH)₂D₃ levels were detected in the hypercalciuric group and in recurrent SFs. However, 1,25(OH)₂D₃ was not correlated with PTH in calcium SFs. These findings suggest that 1,25(OH)₂D₃ might be important intrinsic factor for altered calcium regulation in SFs.
Force-controlled electrophysiology (2016)

Glass micropipettes are the typical instrument for intracellular injection, patch clamping or extracellular deposition of liquids into viable cells. The micro pipette is thereby slowly approached to the cell by using micro manipulators and visual control through an optical microscope. During this process, however, the cell is often mechanically injured which leads to cell death and failure of the experiment. To overcome these challenges and limitations of this conventional method we developed the FluidFM technology, an evolution of standard AFM microscopy combining nanofluidics via cantilevers with integrated microfluidic channel [1]. The channel ends at a well-defined aperture at the apex of the AFM tip while the other extremity is connected to a reservoir. The instrument can therefore be regarded as a multifunctional micropipette with force feedback working in liquid environment.
Mode of action of parathyroid hormone and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate on renal tubular phosphate reabsorption in the dog (1971)

To evaluate the effects of parathyroid hormone and cyclic adenosine monophosphate on proximal tubular sodium and phosphate reabsorption, micropuncture studies were performed on dogs that received a highly purified preparation of parathyroid hormone (PTH), dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP), 5'-AMP, and saline. PTH resulted in a 30-40% inhibition of sodium and phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule unassociated with a rise in either total kidney or single nephron glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The bulk of the phosphate rejected proximally was excreted in the final urine while sodium excretion rose minimally despite the marked proximal inhibition, consistent with the presence of reabsorptive sites in the distal nephron for sodium but not phosphate. The infusion of dibutyryl cyclic AMP either systemically or directly into the renal artery inhibited proximal sodium and phosphate reabsorption in the absence of changes in either total kidney or single nephron GFR, resembling the effects of PTH quantitatively and qualitatively. In contrast, another adenine nucleotide, 5'-AMP, did not inhibit the reabsorption of either sodium or phosphate. These observations support the thesis that renal effects of PTH are mediated via stimulation of renal cortical adenyl cyclase. The infusion of a moderate saline load, 25 ml/kg, also produced a similar inhibition of proximal tubular fractional sodium and phosphate reabsorption with a marked phosphaturia but only minimal natriuresis. Thus, changes in sodium and phosphate reabsorption occur in parallel in the proximal tubule when sodium reabsorption is inhibited either with volume expansion or with administration of "specific" phosphaturic agents such as PTH or cyclic AMP. These data are consistent with the thesis that phosphate reabsorption is dependent upon proximal tubular sodium reabsorption wherein the phosphaturic effect of PTH might be the result of a primary inhibition of proximal tubular sodium reabsorption mediated by adenyl cyclase stimulation.
Detection of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157 and Listeria monocytogenes through bead based Magpix® fluidics (2013)

and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of HHMI.
Adaptive OFDM‐IM for Enhancing Physical Layer Security and Spectral Efficiency of Future Wireless Networks (2018)

In this paper, we propose algorithms for enhancing physical layer security and spectral efficiency of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Index Modulation (IM) systems. Particularly, different activation ratios and/or Constellation Modulation orders are selected adaptively for each subblock based on the channel quality of the legitimate receiver. More specifically, three approaches named as (1) OFDM with Adaptive Index Modulation and Fixed Constellation Modulation (OFDM‐AIM‐FCM), (2) OFDM with Adaptive Index Modulation and Adaptive Constellation Modulation (OFDM‐AIM‐ACM), and (3) OFDM with Variable Index Modulation and Variable Constellation Modulation (OFDM‐VIM‐VCM) are proposed for enhancing physical layer security and spectral efficiency. Simulation results are presented to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl 5‐O‐tert‐Butyldiphenylsilyl‐2‐deoxy‐α,β‐D‐threo‐pentofuranoside as a Divergent Intermediate for the Synthesis of 3′‐Substituted‐2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides: Synthesis of 3′‐Azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine, 3′‐Deoxy‐3′‐fluorothymidine and 3′‐Cyano‐3′‐deoxythymidine. (1988)

Abstract Syntheses of the nucleosides (XV), relevant compounds in the field of chemotherapeutical treatment of AIDS, and its α‐anomers (XVI) are described.
Large non-saturating shift of the torsional resonance in a doubly clamped magnetoelastic resonator (2020)

The magnetic field dependence of the resonance frequencies of Co1−xFex thin film microfabricated resonators was examined for fields applied in the plane of the film. Remarkably, the observed resonance frequency shift with an applied magnetic field did not saturate even up to fields of nearly 2 T. A minimized mechanical and magnetic free energy model of clamped–clamped resonators revealed that for a two-dimensional structure, both bending and torsional modes are allowed, but would have have very different resonance shift behavior with the applied field. A post-anneal of the structure confirms this case by increasing the stress-induced anisotropy of CoFe, which selectively enhances the contribution of the torsional mode and creates the non-saturating field-induced frequency shift. By using the resonance shift in this device in a potential magnetic field sensing paradigm, such a non-saturating torsional mode may be useful for applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance or MRI, which specifically requires sensitive detection of small fluctuations in high magnetic fields.
Microbiology and the Bioeconomy Blueprint (2012)

Earlier this year, the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) issued a call for input on a proposed “National Bioeconomy Blueprint.” The blueprint, released in January 2012, details “Administration-wide steps to harness biological research innovations to address national challenges in health, food, energy, and the environment.” ASM took the opportunity to respond to the OSTP's request for comment by describing the many ways that the field of microbiology can help the nation reach the blueprint's goals. An excerpt from ASM's response follows––the full response can be found at http://www.asm.org/index.php/what-s-new-in-public-policy/bioec-12-11.html.
Translational considerations in injectable cell-based therapeutics for neurological applications: concepts, progress and challenges (2017)

Significant progress has been made during the past decade towards the clinical adoption of cell-based therapeutics. However, existing cell-delivery approaches have shown limited success, with numerous studies showing fewer than 5% of injected cells persisting at the site of injection within days of transplantation. Although consideration is being increasingly given to clinical trial design, little emphasis has been given to tools and protocols used to administer cells. The different behaviours of various cell types, dosing accuracy, precise delivery, and cell retention and viability post-injection are some of the obstacles facing clinical translation. For efficient injectable cell transplantation, accurate characterisation of cellular health post-injection and the development of standardised administration protocols are required. This review provides an overview of the challenges facing effective delivery of cell therapies, examines key studies that have been carried out to investigate injectable cell delivery, and outlines opportunities for translating these findings into more effective cell-therapy interventions.
Genome-wide allelotyping of lung cancer identifies new regions of allelic loss, differences between small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and loci clustering. (2000)

To identify the major tumor suppressor gene (TSG) loci involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, we have conducted a high-resolution (10 cM), genome-wide search of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Thirty-six lung cancer cell lines [14 small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and 22 non-SCLCs (NSCLCs)] and their matched control DNAs were analyzed using 399 fluorescent microsatellite markers from the ABI Prism linkage mapping set v.2 on an ABI 377 sequencer/genotyper. Overall, 22 different regions with more than 60% LOH were identified: (a) 13 regions with a preference for SCLC; (b) 7 regions with a preference for NSCLC; and (c) 2 regions affecting both SCLC and NSCLC. The chromosomal arms with the most frequent LOH were 1p, 3p, 4p, 4q, 5q, 8p, 9p (p16), 9q, 10p, 10q, 13q (Rb), 15q, 17p (p53), 18q, 19p, Xp, Xq. In addition, new homozygous deletions were found at 2p23, 8q24, 18q11, and Xq22. On average, 34% (SCLC) to 36% (NSCLC) of markers showed allele loss in individual tumors, with an average size of subchromosomal region of loss of five to six markers (50-60 cM). Whereas SCLC and NSCLC had different regions of frequent LOH (hot spots), and NSCLC had more of these regions (n = 22) than SCLC (n = 17), in all other parameters (fractional allelic loss, number of breakpoints, and number of microsatellite alterations), SCLC and NSCLC were not significantly different. Clustering analysis revealed correlations between LOH on different chromosomes that suggest previously unknown genetic interactions for lung cancer development. We conclude that (a) in lung cancer cell lines, at least 17-22 chromosomal regions with frequent allele loss are involved, suggesting that the same number of putative TSGs are inactivated; (b) SCLC and NSCLC frequently undergo different specific genetic alterations; and (c) clusters of TSGs are likely to be inactivated together. Overall, these data provide global estimates of the extent of genetic changes leading to lung cancer and will be useful for the positional cloning of new TSGs and for the identification of multiple new biomarkers for translational research.
An embedded 0.8 V/480 μW 6b/22 MHz flash ADC in 0.13 μm digital CMOS process using nonlinear double-interpolation technique (2003)

For high-data-rate wireless communication, a 0.8 V 480 /spl mu/W 6b 22 MSample/s flash-interpolation ADC is fabricated in 0.13 /spl mu/m digital CMOS. The circuit achieves 33 dB SNDR and 47 dB SFDR using a nonlinear double-interpolation technique.
Experimental Infection of a North American Raptor, American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) (2009)

Several species of wild raptors have been found in Eurasia infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1. Should HPAIV (H5N1) reach North America in migratory birds, species of raptors are at risk not only from environmental exposure, but also from consuming infected birds and carcasses. In this study we used American kestrels as a representative species of a North American raptor to examine the effects of HPAIV (H5N1) infection in terms of dose response, viral shedding, pathology, and survival. Our data showed that kestrels are highly susceptible to HPAIV (H5N1). All birds typically died or were euthanized due to severe neurologic disease within 4-5 days of inoculation and shed significant amounts of virus both orally and cloacally, regardless of dose administered. The most consistent microscopic lesions were necrosis in the brain and pancreas. This is the first experimental study of HPAIV infection in a North American raptor and highlights the potential risks to birds of prey if HPAIV (H5N1) is introduced into North America.
DWT based bearing fault detection in induction motor using noise cancellation (2016)

This paper presents an approach to detect the bearing faults experienced by induction machine using motor current signature analysis (MCSA). At the incipient stage of bearing fault, the current signature analysis has shown poor performance due to domination of pre fault components in the stator current. Therefore, in this paper domination of pre fault components is suppressed using noise cancellation by Wiener filter. The spectral analysis is carried out using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The fault severity is estimated by calculating fault indexing parameter of wavelet coefficients. It is further proposed that, the fault indexing parameter of power spectral density (PSD) based wavelet coefficients gives better results. The proposed method is examined using simulation and experiment on 2.2 kW test bed.
Compression-Resin Transfer Molding of Particle-Filled Ceramic-Ceramic Composites (2008)

Compression Resin Transfer Molding is introduced as an alternative to Resin Transfer Molding for processing particle-filled, continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic-ceramic composites. The need for particle-polymer suspension stabilization is stressed and a procedure for Blackglas™ preceramic monomer /SiC particle suspension stabilization is presented. Sample composite parts are manufactured. The results indicate that filler inclusion may result in higher closed porosities in preceramic polymer based, fiber composites. The reimpregnation gain on the otherhand, can significantly be reduced with filler inclusion, indicating possible reduction of numer of reimpregnation cycles. The flexure strengths of filled parts were observed to decrease with increasing content.