gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective enhancement of mid-ir quantum dot electroluminescent emissions using defect mode photonic crystal cavities (2007)

This paper concentrates on another application of photonic crystals: It shows photonic crystals can be used to selectively enhance and modify the light spectra of InAs self assembled quantum dot (SAQD) emissions in mid-IR wavelengths. Quantum dots, when used as light sources, offer unique advantages. It is therefore possible to develop new devices based solely on this property of SAQD based light sources. Before SAQD light sources could be used, however, improvements must be made on their emission spectra, which is rather broad (approximately 24 THz in our case) due to inhomogeneous broadening in SAQD energy levels. The purpose of this work is to theoretically investigate interactions between a photonic crystal and a light source placed into a central defect cavity. The photonic crystal serves to confine lateral propagation of light, which in turn interacts strongly with the central cavity and modifies emission characteristics of the light source.
<title>Identification and characterization of bacteria on surfaces using light scattering</title> (2001)

In the past 30 years, the pattern and intensity of scattered light from small illuminated bio-features suspended in fluids have been analyzed to obtain information on feature size and composition. However, recent advances by the investigators related to rapid, non-invasive detection of sub-micron particles on silicon wafers in semiconductor processing suggest an attractive new approach to the problem of surface bio-feature detection and characterization. Our objective is to develop a rapid light scattering sensory method for the detection and identification of surface bacteria microcolonies to meet the needs for rapid identification techniques by the food and health industries. Scatterometer measurements of light scattering from Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 191 13 and Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 microcolonies on enriched agar plates has been performed. The prediction of light scattering from bacteria cells on surfaces has also been conducted using numerical modeling based on the discrete-dipole approximation. These studies show the variation of light scattering for various shaped and sized bacteria.
A GTO speed-up inverter for fast-scan magnetic resonance imaging (2003)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines require unique high-power electronic systems for the generation of pulsed B gradient fields, especially for echo planar MRI, where images are taken in 25-30 ms instead of minutes. The speedup inverter described has been implemented with gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs). A novel nonresonant circuit combines the advantages of high-efficiency switch-mode power conversion techniques for the generation of megawatt pulses. An order-of-magnitude increase in available gradient power has been achieved with excellent fidelity and stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Blood Lead Below 0.48 μmol/L (10 μg/dL) and Mortality Among US Adults (2006)

The association between blood lead levels and increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was observed at substantially lower blood lead levels than previously reported. Despite the marked decrease in blood lead levels over the past 3 decades, environmental lead exposures remain a significant determinant of cardiovascular mortality in the general population, constituting a major public health problem.
Supplementary Data from SAR439859, a Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD), Demonstrates Effective and Broad Antitumor Activity in Wild-Type and Mutant ER-Positive Breast Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;supplemental methods, data and figures&lt;/p&gt;
Carbon Capture (Annual Report) (2013)

The following report describes the research conducted under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Regional University Alliance (RUA) Carbon Capture Field Work Proposal (FWP) in FY13. The goal of the Carbon Capture FWP is to support the program by developing technologies which decrease the cost of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) capture from coal-based power generation below $40/tonne. This goal is accomplished by examining a portfolio of transformative technologies to determine which might be applicable to CO<sub>2</sub> capture and advancing the most promising technologies through successive levels of development, including ideal performance testing, realistic performance testing, and field testing in the presence of actual flue or fuel gas with the final objective of technology transfer and commercialization. Fourteen potentially transformative technologies were evaluated in FY13, and five were selected for continued development in FY14. Nine more advanced technologies were developed toward commercialization. Of these, five made significant progress and will be further developed in FY14, and research on four has been discontinued.
Reduction of Energetic Ion Production in Hollow Cathodes by External Gas Injection (2013)

Studies of the hollow-cathode discharge have shown the existence of energetic ions at high-discharge currents that are likely responsible for the high erosion rates observed on the cathode keeper electrode. This work examines the effect of neutral gas injection in the discharge plume of a 250 A lanthanum hexaboride hollow cathode on the production of energetic ions to determine the conditions that yield cathode operation and life. Two different gas injector types are used to deliver neutral gas into the discharge plume and a retarding-potential analyzer is used for ion energy measurements. The flow splits between the cathode internal and external flows, and the number and locations of the external gas injection sites are examined as a function of the discharge current. It is found that increasing discharge current increases the energetic ion production at any given flow rate or injection location. External gas injection reduces energetic ion production for constant cathode flow, with collimated gas-jet injection performing better than distributed injection. Lifetime estimates of the keeper electrode surface due to sputter erosion by ion bombardment reveal that high-discharge current operation at low cathode gas flow produced very energetic ions and limited keeper lifetimes to less than 5000 h. Applying sufficient internal cathode gas flow and external gas injection can extend the keeper life to over 10,000 h at discharge currents of up to 200 A.
A Bayesian Network analysis of the probabilistic relations between risk factors in the predisposition to type 2 diabetes (2015)

In order to better understand the relations between different risk factors in the predisposition to type 2 diabetes, we present a Bayesian Network analysis of a large dataset, composed of three European population studies. Our results show, together with a key role of metabolic syndrome and of glucose after 2 hours of an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, the importance of education, measured as the number of years of study, in the predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
A Note on Targeted Maximum Likelihood and Right Censored Data (2007)

A popular way to estimate an unknown parameter is with substitution, or evaluating the parameter at a likelihood based fit of the data generating density. In many cases, such estimators have substantial bias and can fail to converge at the parametric rate. van der Laan and Rubin (2006) introduced targeted maximum likelihood learning, removing these shackles from substitution estimators, which were made in full agreement with the locally efficient estimating equation procedures as presented in Robins and Rotnitzsky (1992) and van der Laan and Robins (2003). This note illustrates how targeted maximum likelihood can be applied in right censored data structures. In particular, we show that when an initial substitution estimator is based on a Cox proportional hazards model, the targeted likelihood algorithm can be implemented by iteratively adding an appropriate time-dependent covariate.
Atom vacancies and electronic transmission Stark effects in boron nanoflake junctions (2020)

A new type of Stark effect was observed in the electronic transmission as a function of voltage bias for vacancy-specific boron nanoflakes.
Threshold behavior for collision-induced dissociation of CsCl and Cs2Cl2 by SF6 molecules (1978)

Absolute cross sections have been determined for collision-induced dissociation of cesium chloride (monomer and dimer) from collisions with SF6 molecules. SF6 was aerodynamically accelerated in H2 to laboratory energies up to 11 eV. Mass analysis of the product ions indicate the occurrence of the reactions (a) SF6+CsCl→SF6+Cs++Cl−, (b) SF6+Cs2Cl2→SF6 +Cs2Cl++Cl−, (c) SF6+Cs2Cl2→SF6+Cs++CsCl2−. The absolute cross sections for these reactions were determined from threshold to approximately 2 eV above threshold. In this energy region, the cross sections were accurately represented by a power law, σ=A0× (Etot−E0)n/Erel, where Etot is the total energy, E0 the threshold energy, and Erel the relative kinetic energy. Values for A0 for Reactions (a) and (b) are approximately an order of magnitude smaller than for the analogous reactions with Xe, while A0 for Reaction (c) is a factor of 3 smaller. In spite of the molecular character of the projectile the thresholds for Reactions (a) and (b) are very near those observed in the case of Xe. For Reaction (c), however, the threshold is about 1 eV higher. The powers n obtained for the above reactions are all about 1.0 higher than those obtained for the reactions with Xe. This effect, in particular, most likely arises from the SF6 internal degrees of freedom which absorb energy in the collision.
Book of Abstracts, European Fuel Cell Car Workshop (EFCW2017) (2017)

International audience
COH04S1 and beta sequence-modified vaccine protect hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 variants (2022)

COVID-19 vaccine efficacy is threatened by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with the capacity to evade protective neutralizing antibody responses. We recently developed clinical vaccine candidate COH04S1, a synthetic modified vaccinia Ankara vector (sMVA) co-expressing spike and nucleocapsid antigens based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 reference strain that showed potent efficacy to protect against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters and non-human primates and was safe and immunogenic in healthy volunteers. Here, we demonstrate that intramuscular immunization of Syrian hamsters with COH04S1 and an analogous Beta variant-adapted vaccine candidate (COH04S351) elicits potent cross-reactive antibody responses and protects against weight loss, lower respiratory tract infection, and lung pathology following challenge with major SARS-CoV-2 VOC, including Beta and the highly contagious Delta variant. These results demonstrate efficacy of COH04S1 and a variant-adapted vaccine analog to confer cross-protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging VOC, supporting clinical investigation of these sMVA-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates.
Supporting Data mining of large databases by visual feedback queries (1993)

In this paper, we describe a query system that provides visual relevance feedback in querying large databases. Our goal is to support the process of data mining by representing as many data items as possible on the display. By arranging and coloring the data items as pixels according to their relevance for the query, the user gets a visual impression of the resulting data set. Using an interactive query interface, the user may change the query dynamically and receives immediate feedback by the visual representation of the resulting data set. Furthermore, by using multiple windows for different parts of a complex query, the user gets visual feedback for each part of the query and, therefore, may easier understand the overall result. Our system allows to represent the largest amount of data that can be visualized on current display technology, provides valuable feedback in querying the database, and allows the user to find results which, otherwise, would remain hidden in the database.
Updatable Oblivious Key Management for Storage Systems. (2019)

We introduce Oblivious Key Management Systems (KMS) as a much more secure alternative to traditional wrapping-based KMS that form the backbone of key management in large-scale data storage deployments. The new system, that builds on Oblivious Pseudorandom Functions (OPRF), hides keys and object identifiers from the KMS, offers unconditional security for key transport, provides key verifiability, reduces storage, and more. Further, we show how to provide all these features in a distributed threshold implementation that enhances protection against server compromise. We extend this system with updatable encryption capability that supports key updates (known as key rotation) so that upon the periodic change of OPRF keys by the KMS server, a very efficient update procedure allows a client of the KMS service to non-interactively update all its encrypted data to be decryptable only by the new key. This enhances security with forward and post-compromise security, namely, security against future and past compromises, respectively, of the client's OPRF keys held by the KMS. Additionally, and in contrast to traditional KMS, our solution supports public key encryption and dispenses with any interaction with the KMS for data encryption (only decryption by the client requires such communication). Our solutions build on recent work on updatable encryption but with significant enhancements applicable to the remote KMS setting. In addition to the critical security improvements, our designs are highly efficient and ready for use in practice. We report on experimental implementation and performance.
ETSI-Standard Reconfigurable Mobile Device With an Opportunistic Multi-Antenna System Based on Radio and Non-Radio Contexts (2020)

In state-of-the-art mobile devices (MDs), non-radio contexts (i.e., non-real-time data) provided by various sensors have been excluded in determining the modem configuration because of the problems in applying them in real-time modem operations. This paper presents a reconfiguration procedure and hardware implementation of a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)-standard reconfigurable MD with a multi-antenna system. Borrowing the ETSI-standard architecture, the proposed MD can exploit a high-level abstraction of configuration-related operations, which consequently provides its application processor operating in non-real-time domain a uniform way of managing the multi-antenna-related hardware platform operating in real time. The configuration of the proposed MD is determined in accordance with non-radio and radio context information for opportunistically utilizing multiple antenna resources. From an implemented multi-antenna MD system operating in an indoor layout and computer simulations of the multi-antenna MD operating in a modeled outdoor layout, we verify that the MD configuration can be optimized in accordance with radio and non-radio contexts not only for fixed indoor but also for mobile outdoor environments. This enables the multi-antenna MD to efficiently utilize its antenna resources, such that the throughput maximization and/or power consumption minimization can be achieved.
RIM-13: A high-resolution imaging tool for aerial image monitoring of patterned and blank EUV reticles (2006)

Key features of the RIM-13 EUV actinic reticle imaging microscope are summarised. This is a tool which generates aerial images from blank or patterned EUV masks, emulating the illumination and projection optics of an exposure tool. Such images of mask defects, acquired by a CCD camera, are analysed using the tool software to predict their effect on resist exposure. Optical, mechanical and software performance of the tool are reported.
Robust distributed estimation in sensor networks using the embedded polygons algorithm (2004)

We propose a new iterative distributed algorithm for linear minimum mean-squared-error (LMMSE) estimation in sensor networks whose measurements follow a Gaussian hidden Markov graphical model with cycles. The embedded polygons algorithm decomposes a loopy graphical model into a number of linked embedded polygons and then applies a parallel block Gauss-Seidel iteration comprising local LMMSE estimation on each polygon (involving inversion of a small matrix) followed by an information exchange between neighboring nodes and polygons. The algorithm is robust to temporary communication faults such as link failures and sleeping nodes and enjoys guaranteed convergence under mild conditions. A simulation study indicates that energy consumption for iterative estimation increases substantially as more links fail or nodes sleep. Thus, somewhat surprisingly, energy conservation strategies such as low-powered transmission and aggressive sleep schedules could actually be counterproductive.
Selection for constrained peptides that bind to a single target protein (2021)

Peptide secondary metabolites are common in nature and have diverse pharmacologically-relevant functions, from antibiotics to cross-kingdom signaling. Here, we present a method to design large libraries of modified peptides in Escherichia coli and screen them in vivo to identify those that bind to a single target-of-interest. Constrained peptide scaffolds were produced using modified enzymes gleaned from microbial RiPP (ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide) pathways and diversified to build large libraries. The binding of a RiPP to a protein target leads to the intein-catalyzed release of an RNA polymerase σ factor, which drives the expression of selectable markers. As a proof-of-concept, a selection was performed for binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor binding domain. A 1625 Da constrained peptide (AMK-1057) was found that binds with similar affinity (990 ± 5 nM) as an ACE2-derived peptide. This demonstrates a generalizable method to identify constrained peptides that adhere to a single protein target, as a step towards "molecular glues" for therapeutics and diagnostics.
VCSELs with a self-aligned contact and copper-plated heatsink (2005)

Top-emitting, 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with a self-aligned top contact and evaporated gold or plated copper heatsink were fabricated and characterized. Thermal resistance was reduced by 44%, and output power and bandwidth were increased by 38% and 12%, respectively. The fabricated devices exhibit a 3-dB modulation frequency bandwidth up to 16.3 GHz at 10 kA/cm/sup 2/.
Vitrification of Simulated High-Level Radioactive Waste by a Slurry-Fed Ceramic Melter (1981)

Savannah River Laboratory is testing the slurry feeding of a ceramic melter as a possible method to vitrify Savannah River Plant high-level radioactive waste. Feeding a liquid slurry requires simpler and less expensive equipment than does feeding a powdered calcine. Experiments have progressed from manual feeding, to a semiautomatic system, to the present slurry-feed system, which is completely automatic. All experiments to date indicate that slurry feeding is a promising way of vitrifying waste. No safety hazards associated with feeding the slurry onto molten glass at 1150°C have been observed experimentally, even when the melter chamber was purposely flooded.
Temperature dependent thermal conductivity of pure silica MEL and MFI zeolite thin films (2012)

This paper reports the temperature dependent cross-plane thermal conductivity of pure silica zeolite (PSZ) MFI and MEL thin films measured using the 3ω method between 30 and 315 K. PSZ MFI thin films were b-oriented, fully crystalline, and had a 33% microporosity. PSZ MEL thin films consisted of MEL nanoparticles embedded in a nonuniform and porous silica matrix. They featured porosity, relative crystallinity, and particle size ranging from 40% to 59%, 23% to 47%, and 55 to 80 nm, respectively. Despite their crystallinity, MFI films had smaller thermal conductivity than that of amorphous silica due to strong phonon scattering by micropores. In addition, the effects of increased relative crystallinity and particle size on thermal conductivity of MEL thin films were compensated by the simultaneous increase in porosity. Finally, thermal conductivity of MFI zeolite was predicted and discussed using the Callaway model based on the Debye approximation.
Cost-Oriented Load Forecasting (2021)

Accurate load prediction is an effective way to reduce power system operation costs. Traditionally, the mean square error (MSE) is a common-used loss function to guide the training of an accurate load forecasting model. However, the MSE loss function is unable to precisely reflect the real costs associated with forecasting errors because the cost caused by forecasting errors in the real power system is probably neither symmetric nor quadratic. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a generalized cost-oriented load forecasting framework. Specifically, how to obtain a differentiable loss function that reflects real cost and how to integrate the loss function with regression models are studied. The economy and effectiveness of the proposed load forecasting method are verified by the case studies of an optimal dispatch problem that is built on the IEEE 30-bus system and the open load dataset from the Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2012 (GEFCom2012).
A comparative study of various magnetic design topologies for a semi-dynamic EV charging application (2016)

The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study between various combinations of primary and secondary pad topologies, when used to charge a vehicle on the move. In order to ensure a fair comparison it is important to use the designs for each topology that are dimensionally comparable to each other. This is achieved by exploiting the ability of the Bi-Polar Pad (BPP), a hybrid flux pad topology, to be operated in different modes. This way the same design can be used not only to attain the results for a multi-coil/2-phase topology, but also the equivalent results achievable by similarly sized single-phase parallel (Double-D Pad or DDP) or perpendicular flux only pad (Rectangular Pad or RP) topologies. In order to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the various cases, considered here, it is assumed that continuous transfer of power along the whole length of the track is desirable.
An elastic thin-film microlens array with a pneumatic actuator (2002)

We propose a pneumatically actuated microlens array on a transparent and elastic thin film made of cured PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane). The lenses are 120 /spl square/m in diameter and are arranged on the top surface of 200 /spl square/m-thick base film. The lenses can be moved by pneumatic actuators implemented in the bottom side of the film. Since the lens array and the base film are made of an elastic material PDMS this array could be applied to the surfaces of curved or flexible devices. Properties of PDMS as a material for optical elements, are investigated through the evaluation of the system. We also propose a simulation technique to analyze mechanical and optical properties of deformable optical elements by combining finite element method and ray tracing technique. The optical properties of the fabricated lens array were analyzed using the simulator. This research is a first approach to construct a thin and elastic scanning lens array which can be applied for sensing or imaging applications.