gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating aging failures in MEMS devices (2005)

The feasibility of using temperature and humidity to age vapor-deposited SAM-coated electrostatic-actuated MEMS devices with contacting surfaces was determined. Failures were dependent on both temperature and humidity. The trend indicated longer life at both lower temperatures and lower humidity levels. Using cantilever beams, measurements reveal degradation of the VSAM (vapor-deposited self assembled monolayer) surface coating when stressed at 300/spl deg/C with controlled humidity environments of 500 and 2000 ppmv. In particular, we have seen the surface adhesion change for these beams stressed at 300/spl deg/C for time intervals of 10, 24, 50, 100, and 200 hours. However, there is no measurable change after 2 hours. The higher humidity case promotes the same surface adhesion change in a factor of ten less time. The complex MEMS devices tested followed the same trends as the beam test structures. We definitely observe a failure of the MEMS devices due to the environment with most failures occurring at 300/spl deg/C and some failures at 200/spl deg/C. These failures are due to an adhesion site in the hub of the load gear where the typical gap is 0.3 /spl mu/m.
The heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic in Thailand is caused by an intersubtype (A/E) recombinant of African origin (1996)

Since 1989, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has spread explosively through the heterosexual population in Thailand. This epidemic is caused primarily by viruses classified as "subtype E", which, on the basis of limited sequence comparisons, appear to represent hybrids of subtypes A (gag) and E (env). However, the true evolutionary origins of "subtype E" viruses are still obscure since no complete genomes have been analyzed, and only one full-length subtype A sequence has been available for phylogenetic comparison. In this study, we determined full-length proviral sequences for "subtype E" viruses from Thailand (93TH253) and the Central African Republic (90CR402) and for a subtype A virus from Uganda (92UG037). We also sequenced the long terminal repeat (LTR) regions from 16 virus strains representing clades A, C, E, F, and G. Detailed phylogenetic analyses of these sequences indicated that "subtype E" viruses do indeed represent A/E recombinants with multiple points of crossover along their genomes. The extracellular portion of env, parts of vif and vpr, as well as most of the LTR are of subtype E origin, whereas the remainder of the genome is of subtype A origin. The possibility that the discordant phylogenetic positions of "subtype E" viruses in gag- and env-derived trees are the result of unusual rates or patterns of evolution was also considered but was ruled out on the basis of two lines of evidence: (i) phylogenetic trees constructed for synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions yielded the same discordant branching orders for "subtype E" gag and env gene sequences, thus excluding selection-driven evolution, and (ii) multiple crossovers in the viral genome are most consistent with the copy choice model of recombination and have been observed in other documented examples of HIV-1 intersubtype recombination. Thai and CAR "subtype E" viruses exhibited the same pattern of A/E mosaicism, indicating that the recombination event occurred in Africa prior to the spread of virus to Asia. Finally, all "subtype E" viruses were found to contain a distinctive two-nucleotide bulge in their transactivation response (TAR) elements. This feature was present only in viruses which also contained a subtype A 5' pol region (i.e., subtype A viruses or A/D and A/E recombinants), raising the possibility of a functional linkage between the TAR region and the polymerase. The implications of epidemic spread of a recombinant HIV-1 strain to viral natural history and vaccine development are discussed.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Predictive Biomarkers for Adjuvant Capecitabine Benefit in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in the FinXX Clinical Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S7 shows scatter plots for TYMP expression against selected genes and metagenes&lt;/p&gt;
Investigating How Online Help and Learning Resources Support Children's Use of 3D Design Software (2018)

3D design software is increasingly available to children through libraries, maker spaces, and for free on the web. This unprecedented availability has the potential to unleash children's creativity in cutting edge domains, but is limited by the steep learning curve of the software. Unfortunately, there is little past work studying the breakdowns faced by children in this domain-most past work has focused on adults in professional settings. In this paper, we present a study of online learning resources and help-seeking strategies available to children starting out with 3D design software. We find that children face a range of challenges when trying to learn 3D design independently-tutorials present instructions at a granularity that leads to overlooked and incorrectly-performed actions, and online help-seeking is largely ineffective due to challenges with query formulation and evaluating found information. Based on our findings, we recommend design directions for next-generation help and learning systems tailored to children.
Prophylactic vaccines are potent activators of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and drive effective anti-tumor responses in melanoma patients at the cost of toxicity (2016)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is explored worldwide in cancer patients, predominantly with DC matured with pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2. We studied the safety and efficacy of vaccination with monocyte-derived DC matured with a cocktail of prophylactic vaccines that contain clinical-grade Toll-like receptor ligands (BCG, Typhim, Act-HIB) and prostaglandin E2 (VAC-DC). Stage III and IV melanoma patients were vaccinated via intranodal injection (12 patients) or combined intradermal/intravenous injection (16 patients) with VAC-DC loaded with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and mRNA encoding tumor antigens gp100 and tyrosinase. Tumor antigen-specific T cell responses were monitored in blood and skin-test infiltrating-lymphocyte cultures. Almost all patients mounted prophylactic vaccine- or KLH-specific immune responses. Both after intranodal injection and after intradermal/intravenous injection, tumor antigen-specific immune responses were detected, which coincide with longer overall survival in stage IV melanoma patients. VAC-DC induce local and systemic CTC grade 2 and 3 toxicity, which is most likely caused by BCG in the maturation cocktail. The side effects were self-limiting or resolved upon a short period of systemic steroid therapy. We conclude that VAC-DC can induce functional tumor-specific responses. Unfortunately, toxicity observed after vaccination precludes the general application of VAC-DC, since in DC maturated with prophylactic vaccines BCG appears to be essential in the maturation cocktail.
RKR POTENTIAL FOR THE $X^{1}\Sigma^{+}$ STATE OF CO (1971)

Sixteen men completed four trials at random as follows: (Trial A) performance of a single bout of resistance exercise preceded by placebo ingestion (vitamin C); (Trial B) ingestion of 1,500 mg L-arginine and 1,500 mg L-lysine, immediately followed by exercise as in Trial A; (Trial C) ingestion of amino acids as in Trial B and no exercise; (Trial D) placebo ingestion and no exercise. Growth hormone (GH) concentrations were higher at 30, 60, and 90 min during the exercise trials (A and B) compared with the resting trials (C and D) (p < .05). No differences were noted in [GH] between the exercise trials. [GH] was significantly elevated during resting conditions 60 min after amino acid ingestion compared with the placebo trial. It was concluded that ingestion of 1,500 mg arginine and 1,500 mg lysine immediately before resistance exercise does not alter exercise-induced changes in [GH] in young men. However, when the same amino acid mixture is ingested under basal conditions, the acute secretion of GH is increased.
Route Servers for Inter-Domain Routing (1998)

Internet transmission and switching facilities are partitioned into different administrative domains. To effect routing between domains, domain border routers establish pairwise peering sessions and exchange routing information at exchange points. An alternative arrangement, in which each border router at an exchange point peers only with a Route Server, provides some operational benefits. From a set-theoretic characterization of border router behavior, we derive a set-theoretic expression that completely and succinctly characterizes Route Server functionality. Performance measurements from our Route Server implementation reveal that the storage requirements of Route Servers can be much larger than that of a typical border router. We discuss a variety of techniques that can, in some cases, reduce Route Server storage requirements by a factor of five or more. 0 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement NCR-9321043. The work of K. Var...
Spontaneous Formation of Stress Domains on Crystal Surfaces (1988)

It is proposed that surfaces of crystals which reconstruct with broken orientational symmetry and exhibit an anisotropic intrinsic stress tensor are unstable to the formation of elastic-stress domains. Thus the ground state of such a surface is not uniform, contrary to previous expectations. Evidence of this for the Si(001) surface is discussed.
CCDC 1032749: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2017)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Contribution of the loss of insulin signaling to diastolic dysfunction in the early onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy (2020)

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is one of the earliest cardiac changes in the patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM). Ca2+ signaling dysfunction has been shown to occur in human and animal models of DMCM. However, its molecular mechanism remains controversial. We aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of Ca2+ signaling defects in DMCM. In the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) model mice 4 weeks after injection of streptozotocin (STZ-4W), diastolic function was impaired without reduction of ejection fraction and ventricular fibrillation was not observed, which mimics the early stage of DMCM. In the ventricles of STZ-4W mice, the basal phosphorylation level of phospholamban-Ser16 (p-PLN) was significantly lower than that of control. Furthermore, the maintenance of basal p-PLN was found to require insulin signaling and the downstream NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in primary cultured neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes. Chronic insulin administration via sustained release implant restored the p-PLN level and diastolic function. These effects were not correlated with blood glucose level. These results indicate that the loss of cardiac insulin signaling in T1DM plays a crucial role in the impairment of Ca2+ cycling system and diastolic function in the early onset of DMCM.
Background reduction in STED-FCS using coherent-hybrid STED (2020)

Abstract Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a valuable tool to study the molecular dynamics of living cells. When used together with a super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope, STED-FCS can measure diffusion processes at the nanoscale in living cells. In twodimensional (2D) systems like the cellular plasma membrane, a ring-shaped depletion focus is most commonly used to increase the lateral resolution, leading to more than 25-fold decrease in the observation volumee, reaching the relevant scale of supramolecular arrangements. However, STED-FCS faces severe limitations when measuring diffusion in three dimensions (3D), largely due to the spurious background contributions from undepleted areas of the excitation focus that reduce the signal quality and ultimately limit the resolution. In this paper, we investigate how different STED confinement modes can mitigate this issue. By simulations as well as experiments with fluorescent probes in solution and in cells, we demonstrate that the coherent-hybrid (CH) depletion pattern reduces background most efficiently and thus provides superior signal quality under comparable reduction of the observation volume. Featuring also the highest robustness to common optical aberrations, CH-STED can be considered the method of choice for reliable STED-FCS based investigations of 3D diffusion on the sub-diffraction scale.
A micromachined vibration isolation system for a 1 GHz STW resonator (2002)

A micromachined system has been developed for reducing the vibration sensitivity of surface transverse wave (STW) resonators. The isolation system consists of a support platform for mounting the STW resonator, four support arms, and a support rim. The entire isolation system measures 8 mm by 9 mm by 0.4 mm without the resonator mounted on the platform. The system acts as a passive vibration isolation system, decreasing the magnitude of high frequency (>1.2 kHz) vibrations. Vibration sensitivity measurements were taken for vibrations with frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 5 kHz. The measured data show that the system performs as expected with a low frequency (<500 Hz) vibration sensitivity of 1.8* 10/sup -8//g and a high frequency roll off of 12 dB/octave.
Prevention of excessive scar formation using nanofibrous meshes made of biodegradable elastomer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (2020)

To reduce excessive scarring in wound healing, electrospun nanofibrous meshes, composed of haloarchaea-produced biodegradable elastomer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-<i>co</i>-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), are fabricated for use as a wound dressing. Three PHBV polymers with different 3HV content are used to prepare either solution-cast films or electrospun nanofibrous meshes. As 3HV content increases, the crystallinity decreases and the scaffolds become more elastic. The nanofibrous meshes exhibit greater elasticity and elongation at break than films. When used to culture human dermal fibroblasts in vitro, PHBV meshes give better cell attachment and proliferation, less differentiation to myofibroblasts, and less substrate contraction. In a full-thickness mouse wound model, treatment with films or meshes enables regeneration of pale thin tissues without scabs, dehydration, or tubercular scar formation. The epidermis of wounds treated with meshes develop small invaginations in the dermis within 2 weeks, indicating hair follicle and sweat gland regeneration. Consistent with the in vitro results, meshes reduce myofibroblast differentiation in vivo through downregulation of α-SMA and TGF-β1, and upregulation of TGF-β3. The regenerated wounds treated with meshes are softer and more elastic than those treated with films. These results demonstrate that electrospun nanofibrous PHBV meshes mitigate excessive scar formation by regulating myofibroblast formation, showing their promise for use as wound dressings.
[Clinical and genetic characterization of FIPA (familial isolated pituitary adenomas)]. (2009)

Pituitary adenomas are common brain tumours at autopsy and radiological series of unselected population. Historically, few epidemiologic data regarding the prevalence of clinically apparent pituitary adenomas have been available. Recently, a cross-sectional study conducted in Liège, Belgium, noted that clinically-apparent pituitary adenomas occurred with a prevalence of 1:1064 inhabitants, which is 3.5-5 times the previously reported prevalence. Pituitary adenomas occur predominantly as sporadic tumors, but also in a familial setting or associated to some familial/isolated tumoral syndromes. The recent characterization of the novel clinical entity FIPA (Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenomas) increased the prevalence of familial pituitary adenomas which account now for about 5% of pituitary tumors. Distinct genetic mechanisms are continuously identified and increase our understanding of the complex clinical presentation and sometimes unpredictable evolution of pituitary adenomas.
Variation of Flow Regimes in +2 Degree Inclined Wet Gas Environments and Drag Reduction (2006)

Experiments were carried out to examine the study of flow patterns and the performance of drag reducing agents in a 40 m long, 10.16 cm diameter, + 2 degree inclined wet gas pipeline environments. Superficial liquid velocities ranging from 0.03 to 0.1 m/s and gas velocities from 2 to 10 m/s were investigated with the commercial DRA concentration of 0, 25 and 50 ppm. Light viscosity oil was used as the liquid phase and carbon dioxide was used as the gas phase. Variation of flow patterns in horizontal and +2 degree pipes are reported in this paper. The effect of inclinations on the pressure gradient is also presented. The stratified flow was dominant flow pattern in horizontal wet gas pipelines. However, for certain conditions, slug flow along with big wave forms was observed in 2 degree upward flow. The pressure gradient for 2 degree upward flow was higher than horizontal flow since the height of the liquid film was higher in case of upward flow. The pressure gradient decreased significantly as drag reducing agent was added in the pipeline. For slug flow in + 2 degree inclination, the pressure gradient reduction of 19 % was achieved for superficial liquid and gas velocities of 0.03 and 2 m/s at a flow improver concentration of 50 ppm. This was because the flow characteristics such as slug frequency and wave activity were changed with the addition of DRA.
Preparation and transport properties of oriented buckypapers with single walled carbon nanotubes (2019)

Buckypapers (BPs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very promising for a lot of applications, in which their high conductance, strength and small weight are required. In this work, isotropic BPs were prepared using the solution-based deposition that includes the single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersion and the dispersion filtration from a solvent. To increase the BP conductivity, the orientation of the SWCNT bundles composing BPs and a following iodine doping were applied. The method of extrusion through the narrow (300 µm) gap was used for the SWCNT orientation. The temperature dependences of conductance for isotropic, oriented and doped BPs were studied to understand the effect of CNT alignment and the mechanism of transport through SWCNT BPs. It was shown that bundle orientation increases the BP conductivity from ~10 3 S × cm -1 to ~10 4 S × cm -1 , and iodine doping of oriented samples additionally increase the conductivity by an order. The fluctuation – assisted tunneling between CNT bundles was used to describe the mechanism of low temperature conductivity.
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Characterization of Bone Metastases from Rapid Autopsies of Prostate Cancer Patients (2023)

Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Characterization of Bone Metastases from Rapid Autopsies of Prostate Cancer Patients
Cellular FLIP Inhibits β-Catenin Ubiquitylation and Enhances Wnt Signaling (2004)

Cellular FLIP (cFLIP) is a close homologue of caspase 8 without caspase activity that inhibits Fas signaling. The cFLIP protein is often expressed in human tumors and is believed to suppress antitumor immune responses involving the Fas system. Here, we report that a long form of cFLIP (cFLIP-L) inhibits beta-catenin ubiquitylation and increases endogenous cytosolic beta-catenin, which results in translocation of beta-catenin into nuclei and induction of beta-catenin-dependent gene expression in cFLIP-L-expressing cells. When cells stably expressing cFLIP-L were stimulated with Wnt3a, enhanced Wnt signaling was observed compared with the control cells. Conversely, depletion of endogenous cFLIP results in reduced Wnt signaling. Furthermore, cFLIP-L increases secondary-body axis formation when coinjected with suboptimal doses of beta-catenin into early Xenopus embryos. Down-regulation of FADD by RNA-mediated interference abolishes the beta-catenin-dependent gene expression induced by cFLIP-L. These results indicate that cFLIP-L, in cooperation with FADD, enhances canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin, thus suggesting an additional mechanism involved with tumorgenesis, in addition to inhibiting Fas signaling.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Ligand‐Receptor Interactions Between Cucurbituril and Alkylammonium Ions. (1988)

Abstract Experimental binding energies for 24 ammonium ion ligands, derived from amines of type (I), for the synthetic receptor cucurbituril (a novel nonadecacyclic cage compound formed by acid‐catalyzed condensation of urea, glyoxal, and HCHO) are adjusted for ligand solvation and then are factored by regression analysis into contributions from various fragments of the ligands in their inclusion complexes.
Asymmetric I/V Characteristics in Nonalternant Carbon Networks (1998)

Carbon rings containing an odd number of atoms have a nonalternant character which causes an intrinsic charge separation. This is due to an asymmetry between electron and hole states in the local density of states. This feature is analyzed in detail for the case of the azulene molecule. We show that nonalternant character leads to an asymmetry in the I/V characteristic of such molecules, as well as to different electron and hole transport regimes.
Gold-Decorated Flow-Through Electrodes: Effect of Electrochemical Time Constant on Electrodeposition of Au Particles on Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (2010)

Here, we investigate the effect of the time constant on the ED of Au particles on RVC substrates. Potentiostatic ED was performed on two RVC samples with electrochemical accessible surface areas of 1.0 and . Progressive nucleation was observed on both substrates. At the same applied potentials, the large ohmic drop on the high surface area sample cannot be neglected and results in a significantly reduced nucleation density and a larger mean diameter. Knowledge of how the electrochemical cell time constant (resistance–capacitance time constant) affects particle coverage and size allows one to optimize ED conditions on substrates with high surface areas. The scaling of ED conditions is important for several technological applications.
Studies on Immunological Assay of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. II. Preparative Conditions of Anti-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Antibody Coated Latex Slide Test (1978)

Fundamental examinations were made on preparative conditions for the anti-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-antibody-coated latex slide test for the immunological assay of HCG by using the rabbit antibody to immunologically homogeneous HCG. The relation between the antibody titer for HCG in the hemagglutination reaction, and the sensitivity and prozone phenomenon in the latex slide test indicated that the sensitivity and prozone became better as the antibody titer became higher. The relation between the diameter of latex particles and the sensitivity and prozone phenomenon indicated that the sensitivity becomes higher as the latex particle diameter becomes larger and, inversely, the prozone became lower with lowering of the sensitized amount of optimum anti-HCG-immunoglobulin G (IgG). However, amount of sensitized IgG per unit area of latex particles that showed optimum sensitivity and prozone gave a constant value (214-223 ng/cm2) even though the particle diameter was different. In the agglutination reaction between HCG and human luteinizing hormone (HLH) and human thyroid-stimulating hormone (HTSH), a crossreaction was observed when the sensitivity of the latex slide test for HCG was 0.6-1.0 IU/ml, at 1.7-4.0 IU/ml in HLH, and at 10-19 mUSP units/ml in HTSH.