gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review on Fault Location Methods and their application to optical networks (2001)

Keywords: Optical network ; failure ; alarms Reference LCA-ARTICLE-2001-004 Record created on 2004-08-31, modified on 2017-05-12
Ultrahigh-resolution imaging of human donor cornea using full-field optical coherence tomography (2007)

A feasibility study of ultrahigh-resolution full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) for a subcellular-level imaging of human donor corneas is presented. The FF-OCT system employed in this experiment is based on a white light interference microscope, where the sample is illuminated by a thermal light source and a horizontal cross-sectional (en face) image is detected using a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. A conventional four-frame phase-shift detection technique is employed to extract the interferometric image from the CCD output. A 95-nm-broadband full-field illumination yields an axial resolution of 2.0 microm, and the system covers an area of 850 microm x 850 microm with a transverse resolution of 2.4 microm using a 0.3-NA microscope objective and a CCD camera with 512 x 512 pixels. Starting a measurement from the epithelial to the endothelial side, a series of en face images was obtained. From detected en face images, the epithelial cells, Bowman's layer, stromal keratocyte, nerve fiber, Descemet's membrane, and endothelial cell were clearly observed. Keratocyte cytoplasm, its nuclei, and its processes were also separately detected. Two-dimensional interconnectivity of the keratocytes is visualized, and the keratocytes existing between collagen lamellaes are separately extracted by exploiting a high axial resolution ability of FF-OCT.
Field Cooling Induced Changes in the Antiferromagnetic Structure of NiO Films (2001)

The magnetic anisotropy in antiferromagnetic 500 A thick NiO films, before and after the establishment of an exchange bias field with Co84Fe16 ferromagnetic layers, was measured using magnetic linear dichroism in soft x-ray absorption. Both <111> textured NiO and untextured NiO films show exchange-bias induced in-plane magnetic anisotropy of nearly equal magnitude and with the Ni moment axis being nearly parallel to the exchange bias field direction. These results represent the first observation of the key step in the exchange biasing process, namely, repopulation of the antiferromagnetic domains whose magnetization axis is closest to the exchange bias field direction.
Extracting transport parameters in GaAs nanopillars grown by selective-area epitaxy (2012)

We investigate the transport properties in p-type GaAs nanopillars (NPs) grown on GaAs(111) B substrates using selective-area epitaxy by studying single-NP field-effect transistors. Experimental results indicate that normalized resistance and field-effect mobility are highly sensitive to NP dimensions. Both in situ and ex situ chemical surface passivation techniques are found to significantly improve conductivity and mobility, especially for the smaller diameter NPs. A semi-empirical model based on diameter dependent mobility is used to extract actual doping levels and surface state density by fitting normalized resistance as a function of NP diameter. Surface state densities before and after passivation are found to be 5 × 10(12) cm(-2) eV(-1) and 7 × 10(10) cm(-2) eV(-1), respectively.
Technological Issues and Industrial Application of Matrix Converters: A Review (2012)

This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in terms of practical matrix converter technologies. Present solutions to the numerous technological issues and challenges faced when implementing viable matrix converters are discussed. The reported use of the matrix converters in different applications is also presented together with a review of current industrial applications.
Advanced Cuttings Analysis Provides Enhanced Support for Geosteering in Underbalanced Coiled Tubing Drilling (2018)

Summary Underbalanced Coiled Tubing Drilling (UBCTD) is proving more promising in the industry, helping to unlock additional potential in gas bearing reservoirs. The practice allows operators to re-enter existing vertical wells and to drill multilateral horizontal wellbores thus maximizing gas productivity in mature fields. Logging While Drilling (LWD) tools such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), acoustic, resistivity, pulsed neutron, etc. while used in conventional drilling to actively support geosteering operations, until now are unavailable in the industry for UBCTD (hole diameter about 3 inches) applications. However direct characterization of cuttings could play, in this context, a pivotal role in support of geosteering in UBCTD operations. This work describes how Advanced Automated Cuttings Analysis (AACA) using a wellsite deployable SEM-EDS system was used to create a detailed lithotype scheme focusing on mineral texture and composition for a shallow carbonate interval that has a strong diagenetic over-print, which erased the pre-existing biostratigraphic drilling signature. Data generated by the technique could help with UBCTD geosteering decisions that could increase wellbore contact with the known sweetspot thus improving a well’s total gas productivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Bottom‐up Assembly of Photonic Crystals (2013)

Abstract Review: 84 refs.
36 degree step size of proton-driven c-ring rotation in FoF1-ATP synthase (2009)

Synthesis of the biological "energy currency molecule" adenosine triphosphate ATP is accomplished by FoF1-ATP synthase. In the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli, proton-driven rotation of a ring of 10 c subunits in the Fo motor powers catalysis in the F1 motor. While F1 uses 120 degree stepping, Fo models predict a step-by-step rotation of c subunits 36 degree at a time, which is here demonstrated by single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer.
Science Signaling Podcast: 2 July 2013 (2013)

Domain swapping experiments reveal how two related VEGF ligands trigger distinct biological outcomes by binding to the same receptor.
Tissue growth in a rotating bioreactor. Part I: mechanical stability (2006)

We develop mathematical models to provide insights into the morphology of a tissue construct formed from a single-cell suspension in culture media, within a rotating bioreactor. The bioreactor consists of a cylindrical vessel of circular cross-section rotating about its longitudinal axis with constant angular speed. Experimental studies show that at rotation rates below a critical value, the cells 'self-assemble' to form smooth 'nodules' that are approximately cylindrical with elliptical cross-section; however, at rotation rates above a critical value, an amorphous construct forms with a highly irregular boundary. The construct is denser than the surrounding culture media and histological studies indicate that the interior of the construct, which is a mix of apoptotic cells and culture media, is surrounded by an outer rim of proliferating cells and collagen. The construct is modelled as a viscous fluid drop surrounded by an extensible membrane in a (less dense) immiscible viscous fluid within a rotating bioreactor. We consider both thin-disk and slender-pipe bioreactors for which the aspect ratio, L(*)/a(*) (where L(*) and a(*) are the bioreactor length and radius, respectively), is small and large, respectively, and obtain a series of spatially 2D problems (independent of the axial coordinate). We then examine the hypothesis that the construct morphology is a result of the mechanical forces that it experiences by considering the interfacial stability of an initially circular fluid-fluid interface to small-amplitude, oscillatory perturbations. The instability is driven by the density difference between the two fluids, and we investigate the effect of the rotation rate, the (time-dependent) gravitational field, and the material and geometrical properties of the system on the stability properties.
Changes in neuronal immunofluorescence in the C- versus N-terminal domains of hnRNP H following D1 dopamine receptor activation (2018)

Abstract RNA binding proteins are a diverse class of proteins that regulate all aspects of RNA metabolism. Accumulating studies indicate that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins are associated with cellular adaptations in response to drugs of abuse. We recently mapped and validated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 ( Hnrnph1 ) as a quantitative trait gene underlying differential behavioral sensitivity to methamphetamine. The molecular mechanisms by which hnRNP H1 alters methamphetamine behaviors are unknown but could involve preand/or post-synaptic changes in protein localization and function. Methamphetamine initiates post-synaptic D1 dopamine receptor signaling indirectly by binding to pre-synaptic dopamine transporters and vesicular monoamine transporters of midbrain dopaminergic neurons which triggers revers e transport and accumulation of dopamine at the synapse. Here, we examined changes in neuronal localization of hnRNP H in primary rat cortical neurons that express dopamine receptors that can be modulated by the D1 or D2 dopamine receptor agonists SKF38393 and (-)-Quinpirole HCl, respectively. Basal immunostaining of hnRNP H was localized primarily to the nucleus. D1 dopamine receptor activation induced an increase in hnRNP H nuclear immunostaining as detected by immunocytochemistry with a C-domain directed antibody containing epitope near the glycine-rich domain but not with an N-domain specific antibody. Although there was no change in hnRNP H protein in the nucleus or cytoplasm, there was a decrease in Hnrnph1 transcript following D1 receptor stimulation. Taken together, these results suggest that D1 receptor activation increases availability of the hnRNP H C-terminal epitope, which could potentially reflect changes in protein-protein interactions. Thus, D1 receptor signaling could represent a key molecular post-synaptic event linking Hnrnph1 polymorphisms to drug-induced behavior. Highlights We investigated immunofluorescence and localization of hnRNP H following dopamine receptor activation in primary rat cortical neurons. Activation of D1 dopamine receptor increased nuclear immunofluorescence of the C-terminal domain but not the N-terminal domain of hnRNP H with no change in either nuclear or cytoplasmic levels of hnRNP H protein. D1 dopamine signaling could alter interaction of hnRNP H with other proteins.
Gas Phase and Cluster Studies of the Early Stages of Cationic Polymerization and the Reactions with Metal Cations (1999)

In this chapter, we present several examples of gas phase and intracluster cationic polymerization studies. Intracluster polymerization refers to a process where neutral clusters of selected monomer molecules are formed in the gas phase and the polymerization reactions are initiated by chemical or physical methods. In the gas phase at low pressures, eliminative polymerization may predominate. However, in the same systems at high pressure, the ionic intermediates may be stabilized and addition without elimination may occur. In clusters, evidence for both stabilization by fast evaporation (boiling off) of solvent molecules and for eliminative polymerization has been established. The ion-molecule reactions of isobutene have been studied both in the gas phase and within isobutene clusters. Two parallel reactions producing the t-butyl carbocation (C4H9+) and a covalent radical cation dimer (C8H16+.) are observed. Trends in the kinetics and thermochemistry as a function of reaction steps are reported. In the metal-catalyzed systems, reactions of Ti+, Zr+ and Mo+ with isobutene have been studied. Implications of these studies to bulk and solution polymerization are discussed. The gas phase and cluster approaches are important not only for a fundamental understanding of the early stages of polymerization, but also for the development of new materials with unique properties such as defect-free polymeric films of controlled composition.
Development of Tie-Down and Transition Systems for Temporary Concrete Barrier on Asphalt Road Surfaces (2007)

The objective of this research was to design a tie-down system for temporary concrete barriers for use on asphalt road surfaces, and then apply that tie-down system to the design of an approach transition from free-standing to rigid barriers. The tie-down and transition systems were to be evaluated according to the Test Level 3 (TL-3) safety performance criteria set forth in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 350. For the asphalt tie-down system, three steel pins wee installed in holes on the front face of the barrier. The new tie-down design was crash tested according to NCHRP Report No. 350 test designation 3-11. The test was judged acceptable, barrier deflections were reduced, and all of the barriers in the system were safely restrained. The approach transition to rigid barrier was developed through strategic application of the previously designed asphalt tie-down. Computer simulation with LS-DYNA was used to locate the critical impact point for the full-scale crash test. The system was tested according to NCHRP Report No. 350 test designation 3-21. The results showed that the vehicle was safely redirected, and the test was judged acceptable. Recommendations regarding the application of both the tie-down and transition designs were given.
Immunotoxin-αCD40 therapy activates innate and adaptive immunity and generates a durable antitumor response in glioblastoma models (2023)

D2C7-immunotoxin (IT), a dual-specific IT targeting wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mutant EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) proteins, demonstrates encouraging survival outcomes in a subset of patients with glioblastoma. We hypothesized that immunosuppression in glioblastoma limits D2C7-IT efficacy. To improve the response rate and reverse immunosuppression, we combined D2C7-IT tumor cell killing with αCD40 costimulation of antigen-presenting cells. In murine glioma models, a single intratumoral injection of D2C7-IT+αCD40 treatment activated a proinflammatory phenotype in microglia and macrophages, promoted long-term tumor-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell immunity, and generated cures. D2C7-IT+αCD40 treatment increased intratumoral Slamf6<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells with a progenitor phenotype and decreased terminally exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. D2C7-IT+αCD40 treatment stimulated intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell proliferation and generated cures in glioma-bearing mice despite FTY720-induced peripheral T cell sequestration. Tumor transcriptome profiling established <i>CD40</i> up-regulation, pattern recognition receptor, cell senescence, and immune response pathway activation as the drivers of D2C7-IT+αCD40 antitumor responses. To determine potential translation, immunohistochemistry staining confirmed CD40 expression in human GBM tissue sections. These promising preclinical data allowed us to initiate a phase 1 study with D2C7-IT+αhCD40 in patients with malignant glioma (NCT04547777) to further evaluate this treatment in humans.
Interactions of the antimicrobial β‐peptide β‐17 with phospholipid vesicles differ from membrane interactions of magainins (2003)

We have studied the interaction of beta-17, a potent synthetic antimicrobial beta-peptide, with phospholipids. We find that unlike other antimicrobial peptides such as magainin II, beta-17 facilitates the formation of nonbilayer phases, indicating that the peptide promotes negative curvature. Studies of liposomal leakage also indicate a different mode of membrane interaction relative to magainin II, but both leakage and membrane binding show that beta-17, like magainin II, has strong affinity for membranes containing anionic lipids. This is likely to be an important factor contributing to the antimicrobial specificity of the beta-peptide.
<title>Predicting transmittance spectra of electrophotographic color prints</title> (2000)

For dry toner electrophotographic color printers, we present a numerical simulation model describing the color printer responses based on a physical characterization of the different electrophotographic process steps. The proposed model introduces a Cross Transfer Efficiency designed to predict the color transmittance spectra of multi-color prints by taking into account the transfer influence of each deposited color toner layer upon the other layers. The simulation model leads to a better understanding of the factors that have an impact on printing quality. In order to avoid the additional optical non-linearities produced by light reflection on paper, we have limited the present investigation to transparency prints. The proposed model succeeded to predict the transmittance spectra of printed wedges combining two color toner layers with a mean deviation less than CIE-LAB (Delta) E equals 2.5.
5GShield: HTTP/2 Anomaly Detection in 5G Service-Based Architecture (2023)

Fifth Generation (5G) core network leverages the application-layer Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2 (HTTP/2) to enable the communication between the Network Functions (NFs) of its Service-Based Architecture (SBA). 5G SBA adopts the security-by-design principle, yet, the usage of HTTP/2 introduces some vulnerabilities related to its features exploitation. For instance, the HTTP/2 stream multiplexing attack exploits the stream multiplexing feature, which allows carrying multiple requests over a single TCP connection, and causes a Denial of Service (DoS) on 5G SBA. HTTP/2 attacks can be detected using traditional flow-based anomaly detection solutions in a web environment. Nonetheless, these solutions fall short in detecting these attacks in a 5G network, as we show in this work. To reinforce 5G core network security against HTTP/2 attacks, we propose 5GShield, a novel application-layer anomaly detection framework that uses neural networks, namely, Autoencoder, for anomaly detection. To evaluate our approach, we deploy a 5G testbed, simulate the HTTP/2 stream multiplexing attack and collect HTTP/2 data. Our experimental results show that 5GShield can detect HTTP/2 stream multiplexing attack with an F1-score of 0.992, outperforming a flow-based anomaly detection solution that exhibits an F1-score of 0.78. 5GShield shows the efficiency of 5G-specific application-layer features in exposing HTTP/2 attacks that can go undetected at the network layer.
Deep learning for camera data acquisition, control, and image estimation (2020)

We review the impact of deep-learning technologies on camera architecture. The function of a camera is first to capture visual information and second to form an image. Conventionally, both functions are implemented in physical optics. Throughout the digital age, however, joint design of physical sampling and electronic processing, e.g., computational imaging, has been increasingly applied to improve these functions. Over the past five years, deep learning has radically improved the capacity of computational imaging. Here we briefly review the development of artificial neural networks and their recent intersection with computational imaging. We then consider in more detail how deep learning impacts the primary strategies of computational photography: focal plane modulation, lens design, and robotic control. With focal plane modulation, we show that deep learning improves signal inference to enable faster hyperspectral, polarization, and video capture while reducing the power per pixel by <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math> . With lens design, deep learning improves multiple aperture image fusion to enable task-specific array cameras. With control, deep learning enables dynamic scene-specific control that may ultimately enable cameras that capture the entire optical data cube (the “light field”), rather than just a focal slice. Finally, we discuss how these three strategies impact the physical camera design as we seek to balance physical compactness and simplicity, information capacity, computational complexity, and visual fidelity.
Hormonal modulation of the accumulation of 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐induced protoporphyrin and phototoxicity in prostate cancer cells (1997)

The effect of hormonal modulation on the response of human prostate cancer cell lines to photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was studied. Two cell lines, one responsive to androgens (LNCaP) and the other non-responsive (PC-3), were used. Fetal bovine serum was depleted of steroid hormones by stripping with charcoal-dextran, and then resupplied with known concentrations of the androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or the estrogen estradiol. It was found that LNCaP cells alone increased growth rate in response to both added hormones, but only androgen had an effect on PDT treatment. LNCaP cells pretreated with 10−7 M DHT and then 1 mM ALA accumulated 70% more PpIX, compared to cells pre-treated with 10−12 M DHT. Exposure of the cells treated with high DHT and ALA to 630 nm light led to an 85% decrease in the number of surviving cells compared to the low DHT treated group. The uptake of 14C-ALA was increased with high DHT treatment of the cells, consistent with the above data. No effect of hormones was seen with PC-3 cells or with either cell line and the exogenous photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative. Int. J. Cancer 72:1062–1069, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Experimental demonstration of dynamic spatiotemporal structured beams that simultaneously exhibit two orbital angular momenta by combining multiple frequency lines, each carrying multiple Laguerre–Gaussian modes (2022)

In general, there are different, relatively independent forms of orbital angular momenta at a given propagation distance, which might exhibit different dynamic spatial characteristics. One type involves a beam with a helical phasefront that rotates around its own beam center, such as a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam with an azimuthal index not equal to zero. The other one is a Gaussian-like beam dot that revolves around a central axis. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of a dynamic spatiotemporal (ST) structured beam that simultaneously exhibits both rotation and revolution at a given propagation distance. Nine Kerr frequency comb lines are coherently combined, each carrying a designed superposition of multiple LG modes containing one unique ℓ value and multiple p values. Experimental results show that the mode purity of the reconstructed revolving and rotating LG 30 beam is ∼89% when both the beam waist and revolving radius (R) are 0.4 mm. Moreover, we explore the effects of the number of frequency comb lines and the R value on the mode purity of the generated ST beam. Consequently, we find that a higher mode purity can be achieved by involving more frequency comb lines or reducing the R.
Discovery of Novel Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Kinase Inhibitors by Structure-Based Virtual Screening (2010)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play important roles in embryonic development, angiogenesis, wound healing, and cell proliferation and differentiation. In search of inhibitors of FGFR1 kinase, 2.2 million compounds were docked into the ATP binding site of the protein. A co-crystal structure, which shows two alternative conformations for the nucleotide binding loop, is reported. Docking was performed on both conformations and, ultimately, 23 diverse compounds were purchased and assayed. Following hit validation, two compounds 10 and 16, a benzylidene derivative of pseudothiohydantoin and a thienopyrimidinone derivative, respectively, were discovered that inhibit FGFR1 kinase with IC(50) values of 23 and 50 microM. Initial optimization of 16 led to the more unsaturated 40, which has significantly enhanced potency, 1.9 microM. The core structures represent new structural motifs for FGFR1 kinase inhibitors. The study also illustrates complexities associated with the choice of protein structures for docking, possible use of multiple kinase structures to seek selectivity, and hit identification.