gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetorheological finishing of large and lightweight optics (2004)

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a production proven, sub-aperture polishing process for flat, spherical, aspherical, and cylindrical optics in the size range of 10 - 400 mm. Surface figure accuracy of better than 30 nm peak-to-valley (better than 5 nm rms), and microroughness better than 1 nm rms is routinely achieved on a variety of glasses, glass ceramics and single crystal materials. Recent work has demonstrated the applicability of MRF for larger apertures and lightweight optics. A platform capable of finishing 1000 mm apertures has already been built. Engineering studies for extending the aperture size further are underway. Finishing of large, lightweight mirrors has additional challenges because the non-uniform support of the face-sheet requires special efforts to avoid quilting errors caused by print-through of the cell structure due to fabrication processes, gravity and/or temperature effects. Unique characteristics of MRF such as a competitively high, stable removal rate, the conformal nature of the sub-aperture tool and a shear mode of material removal give it advantages in finishing this class of optics. Specifically, MRF avoids generating print-through errors and has a high rate of convergence in correcting quilting errors created by other processes, gravity or temperature effects. An additional important quality is that it has been shown that inserting MRF into a manufacturing process can substantially reduce the subsurface damage (SSD), increasing the laser damage threshold of a surface, providing advantages for use in mirror fabrication for high-energy applications. Supporting results will be given in this paper.
A Utility-Preserving GAN for Face Obscuration (2019)

From TV news to Google StreetView, face obscuration has been used for privacy protection. Due to recent advances in the field of deep learning, obscuration methods such as Gaussian blurring and pixelation are not guaranteed to conceal identity. In this paper, we propose a utility-preserving generative model, UP-GAN, that is able to provide an effective face obscuration, while preserving facial utility. By utility-preserving we mean preserving facial features that do not reveal identity, such as age, gender, skin tone, pose, and expression. We show that the proposed method achieves the best performance in terms of obscuration and utility preservation.
Orientation of caroviologens in model membranes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrientation of caroviologens in model membranesL. B. A. Johansson, M. Blanchard-Desce, M. Almgren, and J. M. LehnCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 18, 6751–6754Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100355a035https://doi.org/10.1021/j100355a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Visual Acuity Measurements After Autorefraction vs Manual Refraction in Eyes With and Without Diabetic Macular Edema (2011)

Across a wide range of VAs at multiple sites using a variety of autorefractors, VA measurements tend to be worse with autorefraction than manual refraction. Differences between individual autorefractor models were identified. However, even among autorefractor models that compare most favorably with manual refraction, VA variability between autorefraction and manual refraction is higher than the test-retest variability of manual refraction. The results suggest that, with current instruments, autorefraction is not an acceptable substitute for manual refraction for most clinical trials with primary outcomes dependent on best-corrected VA.
Accurate measurement of pulse power in low duty cycle MOPA (2005)

There can be a significant amount of interpulse signal present in low-duty cycle MOPA. This requires that both spectral and temporal filtering be used to accurately determine signal power within the pulse width.
Pulse length, energy spread, and temporal evolution of electron pulses generated with an ultrafast beam blanker (2019)

Crucial for the field of ultrafast electron microscopy is the creation of sub-picosecond, high brightness electron pulses. The use of a blanker to chop the beam that originates from a high brightness Schottky source may provide an attractive alternative to direct pulsed laser illumination of the source. We have recently presented the concept of a laser-triggered ultrafast beam blanker and argued that generation of 100 fs pulses could be possible [Weppelman <i>et al.</i>, Ultramicroscopy <b>184</b>, 8-17 (2017)]. However, a detailed analysis of the influence of a deflection field changing sign on sub-picoseconds time scale on the quality of the resulting electron pulses has so far been lacking. Here, we present such an analysis using time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical simulations to evaluate the time-evolution of deflection fields in and around a micrometers-scale deflector connected to a photo-conductive switch. Further particle tracing through the time-dependent fields allows us to evaluate beam quality parameters such as energy spread and temporal broadening. We show that with a shielded, "tunnel-type" design of the beam blanker limiting the spatial extent of fringe fields outside the blanker, the blanker-induced energy spread can be limited to 0.5 eV. Moreover, our results confirm that it could be possible to bring laser-triggered 100 fs focused electron pulses on the sample using a miniaturized ultrafast beam blanker. This would enable us to resolve ultrafast dynamics using focused electron pulses in an SEM or STEM.
A Polynomial Time Algorithm For The Conjugacy Decision and Search Problems in Free Abelian-by-Infinite Cyclic Groups (2014)

In this paper we introduce a polynomial time algorithm that solves both the conjugacy decision and search problems in free abelian-by-infinite cyclic groups where the input is elements in normal form. We do this by adapting the work of Bogopolski, Martino, Maslakova, and Ventura in \cite{bogopolski2006conjugacy} and Bogopolski, Martino, and Ventura in \cite{bogopolski2010orbit}, to free abelian-by-infinite cyclic groups, and in certain cases apply a polynomial time algorithm for the orbit problem over $\Z^n$ by Kannan and Lipton.
PET Imaging of Glutaminolysis in Tumors by 18F-(2S,4R)4-Fluoroglutamine (2011)

The results support that (18)F-(2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine is selectively taken up and trapped by tumor cells. It may be useful as a novel metabolic tracer for tumor imaging.
The effect of glenosphere diameter and eccentricity on deltoid power in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (2016)

Eccentricity is an independent variable which increases deltoid efficiency and lowers joint reaction forces in a reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:218-23.
A New Lignan Glycoside and Other Constituents from Cephalaria Ambrosioides (2002)

A new lignan glycoside, 1,5-dihydroxy-2-(4"-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3"-methoxyphenyl)-6-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, named ambrosidine ([structure: see text]), along with seven known compounds (four iridoids and three hydroxycinnamic esters) were isolated from the roots of Cephalaria ambrosioides. The structures of these compounds were determined by use of NMR and MS techniques and by chemical transformations. The cytotoxic activity of the novel compound [structure: see text] was evaluated against five human solid tumour cell lines.
SIM and PALM as tools to study protein structural organization, numbers, interaction and dynamics (2012)

Lately quite a plethora of concepts have been successfully developed, which take resolution beyond the classical limits of a light microscope. Among these structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and photo activated localization microscopy (PALM) hold the promise to provide biologists with unprecedented insights into sub-cellular organizations. A combination of these methods seems particularly attractive as it allows adapting to the required resolution and enables to map single molecules or molecule ensembles in the context of highly resolved structures. SIM achieves two fold resolution enhancements in both lateral and axial directions, so structures can be highly resolved in 3D. Adapting the structuring to the wavelength opens up the avenue for multi-color staining. Hence the distribution of one protein and its associated structure can be viewed in the context of others. Since all common fluorescent dyes can be used sample preparation is straightforward. Besides the classical approach to obtain highly resolved structures with up to 10 times the classical resolution, the power of PALM lies additionally in its ability to count and observe single molecules. As such clustering of molecules can be studied as well as many molecules tracked simultaneously to study their diffusion. New strategies open up the possibility to obtain resolution enhancement in the axial direction as well. These applications start already to have an impact on our view how a cell is organized and how different proteins contribute to its make-up.
In-line semi-electrical process diagnosis methodology for integrated process window optimization of 65nm and below technology nodes (2006)

This paper presents the application of an innovative concept as potentially very powerful in-line diagnosis techniques in both process window optimization and yield enhancement for 65nm-and-below generations of technology. These applications were fulfilled with a novel methodology of the measurement and quantification of the grey levels on the SEM images and their correlation with the physical/electrical parameters of the semiconductor process steps. With these techniques and the few demonstrations, the virtual in-line semi-electrical measurement is proven to be a feasible technique in achieving technology development with lower cost and faster iteration cycle for continuous improvement. Else than technology development, the same techniques can also be served for the purposes of process window optimization and tool/ recipe/ process monitoring/qualification applications in volume production.
Peptides derived from <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> leucine-rich repeat 1 bind to serine/threonine phosphatase type 1 and inhibit parasite growth in vitro [Corrigendum] (2018)

[This corrects the article on p. 85 in vol. 12.].
The half-life of maternal transplacental antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis in infants: an individual participant data meta-analysis (2021)

Maternal antibodies decay at different rates for the different antigens; however, the magnitude of the difference is small. Decay rates are not modified by key demographic or vaccine characteristics.
Evaluation of Thermal Resistance Reduction by Thinning Substrate of β-Ga2O3 SBD (2023)

Wide-bandgap semiconductor is key material for advanced power device. Higher critical electric field of wide-bandgap semiconductor improves trade-off between high voltage durability and low resistance. Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> has wider bandgap than SiC and GaN. Especially, β-Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> single crystal is easy to produce and expected as material for high voltage and large current power devices. However, thermal conductivity of βGa <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> is much lower than other semiconductor materials. This limits maximum power dissipation in power devices. Thermal resistance reduction is key factor to put β-Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> into practical use. This paper thins the substrate layer of β-Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> SBD to reduce thermal resistance. Two different substrate layer thickness samples are compared with their transient thermal resistance. This paper shows that thinning the substrate layer substantially reduces thermal resistance. However, halving the substrate thickness does not halve the thermal resistance.
Hardware-irrelevant parallel processing system (2020)

Parallel processing technology has been a primary tool for achieving high-speed, high-accuracy, and broadband processing for many years across modern information systems and data processing such as optical and radar, synthetic aperture radar imaging, digital beam forming, and digital filtering systems. However, hardware deviations in a parallel processing system (PPS) severely degrade system performance and pose an urgent challenge. We propose a hardware-irrelevant PPS of which the performance is unaffected by hardware deviations. In this system, an embedded convolutional recurrent autoencoder (CRAE), which learns inherent system patterns as well as acquires and removes adverse effects brought by hardware deviations, is adopted. We implement a hardware-irrelevant PPS into a parallel photonic sampling system to accomplish a high-performance analog-to-digital conversion for microwave signals with high frequency and broad bandwidth. Under one system state, a category of signals with two different mismatch degrees is utilized to train the CRAE, which can then compensate for mismatches in various categories of signals with multiple mismatch degrees under random system states. Our approach is extensively applicable to achieving hardware-irrelevant PPSs which are either discrete or integrated in photonic, electric, and other fields.
Hide-n-Sense: Privacy-aware secure mHealth sensing Dartmouth Computer Science Technical Report TR2011-702 (2011)

As healthcare in many countries faces an aging population and rising costs, mobile sensing technologies promise a new opportunity. Using mobile health (mHealth) sensing, which uses medical sensors to collect data about the patients, and mobile phones to act as a gateway between sensors and electronic health record systems, caregivers can continuously monitor the patients and deliver better care. Furthermore, individuals can become better engaged in monitoring and managing their own health. Although some work on mHealth sensing has addressed security, achieving strong privacy for low-power sensors remains a challenge. We make three contributions. First, we propose an mHealth sensing protocol that provides strong security and privacy properties with low energy overhead, suitable for low-power sensors. The protocol uses three novel techniques: adaptive security, to dynamically modify transmission overhead; MAC striping, to make forgery difficult even for small-sized MACs; and an asymmetric resource requirement. Second, we demonstrate a prototype on a Chronos wrist device, and evaluate it experimentally. Third, we provide a security, privacy, and energy analysis of our system.
Two Distinct Effects of 125-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid on Platelet Aggregation by Zooxanthellatoxin-A and Ionomycin (1998)

The marine toxin zooxanthellatoxin-A (ZT-A) and the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin caused aggregation in rabbit platelets. While ZT-A-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by indomethacin, ionomycin-induced aggregation was potentiated by the drug. In contrast, both ZT-A- and ionomycin-induced accumulations of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), were completely inhibited by indomethacin. 12S-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), which could be accumulated in the presence of indomethacin, inhibited ZT-A-induced aggregation, but it potentiated the ionomycin-induced one. These results suggest that the different effects of indomethacin may be attributed to the distinct effects of 12-HETE on ZT-A- and ionomycin-induced platelet aggregations.
Effect of Film Thickness on the Annealing Texture in Sputtered and Electroplated Cu Films (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A bispecific chimeric antigen receptor molecule enhances T cell activation through dual immunological synapse formation and offsets antigen escape in glioblastoma (2015)

Meeting abstracts Antigen escape tumor cell variants prevail in tumors recurring after treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with a single specificity. Recurrent tumors preserve alternative non-targeted tumor associated antigens. A bispecific CAR will mitigate antigen escape
Effects of Crystallite Size and Donor Density on the Sensor Response of SnO2Nano-Particles in the State of Volume Depletion (2012)

To verify theoretical model based on the surface depletion effect of oxide semiconductor in small crystallite, the SnO2 particles of different crystallite size and donor density were prepared by controlling heat-treatment temperature and Fe3+ doping concentration, respectively. In addition, Fe3+-doped SnO2 was compared with Fe2O3-loaded SnO2 to discuss the effect of donor density. The electrical resistance and sensor response of prepared SnO2 films were measured in various partial pressures of oxygen and hydrogen. As results, both undoped- and Fe3+-doped SnO2 showed the volume depletion in the oxygen concentration of more than 2.5% at 350°C. The dependence of electrical resistance on oxygen partial pressure for smaller crystallite had steeper slope. Furthermore Fe3+-doping improved the sensor response to hydrogen, while the Fe2O3-loading did not work. Good agreement between experimental data the volume depletion theory was found.
Relationship between conformation and physicochemical properties of polypeptides. I. Synthesis of homo‐ and co‐oligopeptides by the liquid‐phase method (1980)

Abstract The synthesis of the following oligo‐ and co‐oligopeptides by the liquid‐phase method is described: ( L ‐Met) 15 (I), [ L ‐Glu(OBzl)] 20 (II), ( L ‐Val) 8 ‐Gly (IV), ( L ‐Ile) 8 ‐Gly (V), ( L ‐Ile) 4 ‐Gly‐( L ‐Ile) 4 (VI), ( L ‐Ile) 4 ‐Pro‐( L ‐Ile) 4 (VII), ( L ‐Met) 5 ‐ L ‐Pro‐( L ‐Met) 5 (VIII), [ L ‐Glu(OBzl)] 7 ‐ L ‐Pro‐[ L ‐Glu(OBzl)] 7 (IX). The oligomers are covalently bound to bifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) and monofunctional PEG‐M of M r 5 × 10 3 −2 × 10 4 . Analytical controls were carried out after each step of synthesis in order to ensure quantitative coupling yields. All products could be obtained in high purity as indicated by amino acid analysis, thin‐layer chromatography and chiroptical methods. The solubility of the oligomers was strongly enhanced by the presence of the C‐terminal PEG group, enabling conformational investigations in a variety of solvents. A significant relationship between conformation and physicochemical properties of the oligopeptides was observed. Oligomers with tendencies to adopt α‐helical (I, II) or unordered structures (VI–IX) showed no pronounced change in solubility or coupling kinetics during chain elongation, whereas the onset of a β‐structure (IV, V) was paralleled by a drastic decrease in solubility and reactivity of the terminal amino groups. Most notably, the insertion of a proline or glycine in the middle of a β‐forming peptide chain (VI, VII) resulted in a considerable increase in solubility compared to the corresponding homo‐oligomers. The impact of the conformational properties of a peptide chain on strategic considerations of peptide synthesis in solution is delineated.
High-Speed Vapor Transport Deposition of Perovskite Thin Films (2019)

Intensive research of hybrid metal-halide perovskite materials for use as photoactive materials has resulted in an unmatched increase in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) over the last couple of years. Now that lab-fabricated perovskite devices rival the efficiency of silicon PVs, the next challenge of scalable mass manufacturing of large perovskite PV panels remains to be solved. For that purpose, it is still unclear which manufacturing method will provide the lowest processing cost and highest quality solar cells. Vapor deposition has been proven to work well for perovskites as a controllable and repeatable thin-film deposition technique but with processing speeds currently too slow to adequately lower the production costs. Addressing this challenge, in the present work, we demonstrate a high-speed vapor transport processing technique in a custom-built reactor that produces high-quality perovskite films with unprecedented deposition speed exceeding 1 nm/s, over 10× faster than previous vapor deposition demonstrations. We show that the semiconducting perovskite films produced with this method have excellent crystallinity and optoelectronic properties with 10 ns charge carrier lifetime, enabling us to fabricate the first photovoltaic devices made by perovskite vapor transport deposition. Our experiments are guided by computational fluid dynamics simulations that also predict that this technique could lead to deposition rates on the order of micrometers per second. This, in turn, could enable cost-effective scalable manufacturing of the perovskite-based solar technologies.
Biochemical and structural characterization of an aromatic ring–hydroxylating dioxygenase for terephthalic acid catabolism (2022)

SignificanceMore than 400 million tons of plastic waste is produced each year, the overwhelming majority of which ends up in landfills. Bioconversion strategies aimed at plastics have emerged as important components of enabling a circular economy for synthetic plastics, especially those that exhibit chemically similar linkages to those found in nature, such as polyesters. The enzyme system described in this work is essential for mineralization of the xenobiotic components of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in the biosphere. Our description of its structure and substrate preferences lays the groundwork for in vivo or ex vivo engineering of this system for PET upcycling.