gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Complexity Soft-Output MIMO Sphere Detectors—Part I: Algorithmic Optimizations (2014)

Optimum soft-output (SO) multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) tree-search detection algorithms pose significant implementation challenges due to their nondeterministic processing throughput and high computational complexity. In this two-part work, we present extensive algorithmic and architectural optimizations of the sphere-decoding algorithm targeted at achieving practical tradeoffs between desired link performance and affordable computational complexity. The algorithmic optimizations in this part span the tree-search traversal scheme, leaf processing step, internal node-pruning and skipping step, child enumeration based on a state-machine, adaptive radius scaling for LLR clipping, QR-decomposition based on minimum cumulative residuals, and multitree configurations. The optimizations demonstrate that a 64-QAM SO MIMO detector for LTE is capable of attaining almost ML performance with an SNR loss of only 0.85 dB at 1% BLER by visiting at most 200 tree nodes.
Comparison between energy battery and power one for electrical vehicle applications (2010)

ISBN 978-3-8007-3229-6
Komplexchemie reaktiver organischer Verbindungen, XXXIII. Der Methandiazo‐Ligand als Brückenfunktion in stabilen Organometall‐Komplexen (1980)

Abstract Die Methandiazo‐Komplexe (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )M(CO) 2 (N 2 CH 3 ) (MMo: 1a ; MW: 1b ) reagieren mit Cr(CO) 5 THF ( 2 ) und (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )Mn(CO) 2 THF ( 3 ) im Zuge einer substituierenden Metallkoordination der basischen Stickstoff‐Funktion unter Bildung der thermisch sehr stabilen heterodinuklearen Organometall‐Verbindungen (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )M(CO) 2 [N 2 (CH 3 ){Cr(CO) 5 }] ( 4a, b ) bzw. (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )M(CO) 2 [N 2 (CH 3 ){(η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 Mn(CO) 2 }] ( 5a, b ), in denen der Methandiazo‐Ligand unter Erniedrigung der NN‐Bindungsordnung eine Brückenfunktion über seine beiden Stickstoffatome ausübt.
Endurance training partially reverses dietary-induced leptin resistance in rodent skeletal muscle (2004)

Leptin acutely stimulates skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) metabolism in lean rodents and humans. This stimulatory effect is eliminated following the feeding of high-fat diets in rodents as well as in obese humans. The mechanism(s) responsible for the development of skeletal muscle leptin resistance is unknown; however, a role for increased suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) inhibition of the leptin receptor has been demonstrated in other rodent tissues. Furthermore, whether exercise intervention is an effective strategy to prevent or attenuate the development of skeletal muscle leptin resistance has not been investigated. Toward this end, 48 Sprague-Dawley rats (175-190 g; approximately 2-3 mo of age) were fed control or high-fat (60% kcal) diets for 4 wk and either remained sedentary or were treadmill trained. In control diet-fed animals that remained sedentary (CS) or were endurance trained (CT), leptin stimulated FA oxidation (CS +32 +/- 15%, CT +30 +/- 17%; P < 0.05), suppressed triacylglycerol (TAG) esterification (CS -17 +/- 7%, CT -24 +/- 8%; P < 0.05), and reduced the esterification-to-oxidation ratio (CS -19 +/- 13%, CT -29 +/- 10%; P < 0.001) in soleus muscle. High-fat feeding induced leptin resistance in the soleus of sedentary rats (FS), whereas endurance exercise training (FT) restored the ability of leptin to suppress TAG esterification (-19 +/- 9%, P = 0.038). Training did not completely restore the ability of leptin to stimulate FA oxidation. High-fat diets stimulated SOCS3 mRNA expression irrespective of training status (FS +451 +/- 120%, P = 0.024; FT +381 +/- 141%, P = 0.023). Thus the development of skeletal muscle leptin resistance appears to involve an increase in SOCS3 mRNA expression. Endurance training was generally effective in preventing the development of leptin resistance, although this did not appear to require a decrease in SOCS3 expression. Future studies should examine changes in the actual protein content of SOCS3 in muscle and establish whether aerobic exercise is also effective in treating leptin resistance in humans.
Mobile video communications using a Wyner-Ziv transcoder (2007)

In mobile-to-mobile video communications, both the transmitting and receiving ends may not have the necessary computing power to perform complex video compression and decompression tasks. Traditional video codecs typically have highly complex encoders and less complex decoders. However, Wyner-Ziv (WZ) coding allows for a low complexity encoder at the price of a more complex decoder. We propose a video communication system where the transmitter uses a WZ (reversed complexity) coder, while the receiver uses a traditional decoder, hence minimizing complexity at both ends. For that to work we propose to insert a transcoder in the network to convert the video stream. We present an efficient transcoder from a simple WZ approach to H.263. Our approach saves a large amount of the computation by reusing the motion estimation performed at the WZ decoder stage, among other things. Results are presented to demonstrate the transcoder performance.
Efficient Techniques for In-Band System Information Broadcast in Multi-Cell Massive MIMO (2020)

We consider joint beamforming of data to scheduled terminals (STs) and broadcast of system information (SI) to idle terminals (ITs) on the same time-frequency resource in multi-cell multi-user massive MIMO systems. We consider two different types of SI broadcast, i) synchronous broadcast of common (i.e., same) SI symbols from all cells, and ii) synchronous broadcast of cell-specific SI symbols from each cell. Through analysis we derive expressions for the achievable sum rate to STs in each cell and the rate of SI transmission to an IT for both these types of SI broadcast. We also derive expressions for the sum rate to STs and the rate to an IT for traditional orthogonal access (OA) where a fraction of physical resource is reserved for broadcast of SI. Simulations reveal that, just as in the single-cell scenario, for the multi-cell scenario also, joint beamforming and broadcasting (JBB) is more energy efficient than OA.
A HER2-Displaying Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Protects from Challenge with Mammary Carcinoma Cells in a Mouse Model (2019)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is upregulated in 20% to 30% of breast cancers and is a marker of a poor outcome. Due to the development of resistance to passive immunotherapy with Trastuzumab, active anti-HER2 vaccination strategies that could potentially trigger durable tumor-specific immune responses have become an attractive research area. Recently, we have shown that budded virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in <i>Sf</i>9 insect cells are an ideal platform for the expression of complex membrane proteins. To assess the efficacy of antigen-displaying VLPs as active cancer vaccines, BALB/c mice were immunized with insect cell glycosylated and mammalian-like glycosylated HER2-displaying VLPs in combination with two different adjuvants and were challenged with HER2-positive tumors. Higher HER2-specific antibody titers and effector functions were induced in mice vaccinated with insect cell glycosylated HER2 VLPs compared to mammalian-like glycosylated counterparts. Moreover, insect cell glycosylated HER2 VLPs elicited a protective effect in mice grafted with HER2-positive mammary carcinoma cells. Interestingly, no protection was observed in mice that were adjuvanted with Poly (I:C). Here, we show that antigen-displaying VLPs produced in <i>Sf</i>9 insect cells were able to induce robust and durable immune responses in vivo and have the potential to be utilized as active cancer vaccines.
Spiral microstructures for the measurement of average strain gradients in thin films (2002)

Spirals made from LPCVD polycrystalline silicon and sputtered-tungsten films have been observed both to wind up and to curl after etching of underlying sacrificial oxide layers. A theory that identifies the gradient of in-plane residual strain (through the thickness of the film) as the cause of deformation of spiral rings is developed. The angular rotation (wind-up) and lateral contraction of Archimedean spirals are predicted as a function of the average strain gradient in the film. The lateral contraction and rotation can be determined easily and accurately by means of an optical micrograph, making the Archimedean spiral attractive for measurement of average strain gradients. The predicted results are shown to correspond well with the behavior of an experimental sample. Analysis suggests that strain gradients in deposited films may possibly by exploited to extend structures made using surface micromechanics into greater dimensions away from the substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Th2-Dependent B Cell Responses in the Absence of CD40-CD40 Ligand Interactions (2000)

CD40 is thought to play a central role in T cell-dependent humoral responses through two distinct mechanisms. CD4+ T helper cells are activated via CD40-dependent Ag presentation in which CD80/CD86 provides costimulation through CD28. In addition, engagement of CD40 on B cells provides a direct pathway for activation of humoral responses. We used a model of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of beta-galactosidase (lacZ) into murine lung to evaluate the specific CD40-dependent pathways required for humoral immunity at mucosal surfaces of the lung. Animals deficient in CD40L failed to develop T and B cell responses to vector. Activation of Th2 cells, which normally requires CD40-dependent stimulation of APCs, was selectively reconstituted in CD40 ligand-deficient mice by systemic administration of an Ab that is agonistic to CD28. Surprisingly, this resulted in the development of a functional humoral response to vector as evidenced by formation of germinal centers and production of antiadenovirus IgG1 and IgA that neutralized and prevented effective readministration of vector. The CD28-dependent B cell response required CD4+ T cells and was mediated via IL-4. These studies indicate that CD40 signals to the B cells are not necessary for CD4+ Th2 cell-dependent humoral responses to be generated.
All-fiber time-delay spectrometer based on an array of fiber Bragg gratings (2013)

We have investigated the possibility to use a step-chirped fiber Bragg grating array for a time-delay-spectrometer. This concept allows a simultaneous spectral and temporal characterization of pulsed light in the nanosecond regime which can also be applied for the investigation of single pulses. A spectral resolution in the 100 picometer range has been achieved and used for the characterization of laser pulses in the nanosecond range.
Diffractive optical elements for the production of synthetic spectra (1997)

We demonstrate that computer-generated diffractive optical elements can be used to synthesize the infrared spectra of real compounds. In particular, we describe a modified phase-retrieval algorithm that we have used to design diffractive elements of this type and we present experimental results for a diffractive optic which is capable of synthesizing the infrared spectrum of HF between 3600 cm{sup -1} and 4300 cm{sup -1}. The reflection-mode diffractive optic consists of 4096 lines, each 4.5 {mu}m wide, at 16 discrete depths relative to the substrate (from 0 to 1.2 {mu}m), and was fabricated on a silicon wafer using anisotropic reactive ion-beam etching in a four-mask-level process. We propose the use of such elements to replace reference cells in a new type of correlation spectroscopy that we call {open_quotes}holographic correlation spectroscopy.{close_quotes} Storage of a large number of diffractive elements, each producing a synthetic spectrum corresponding to a different target compound, in compact disk-like format, will allow a spectrometer of this type to rapidly determine the composition of unknown samples. Further, this approach can be used to perform correlation-based measurements of hazardous or transient species, for which conventional correlation spectroscopy is impractical.
Ciclopirox ethanolamine preserves the immature state of human HSCs by mediating intracellular iron content (2023)

Culture conditions in which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be expanded for clinical benefit are highly sought after. To elucidate regulatory mechanisms governing the maintenance and propagation of human HSCs ex vivo, we screened libraries of annotated small molecules in human cord blood cells using an optimized assay for detection of functional HSCs during culture. We found that the antifungal agent ciclopirox ethanolamine (CPX) selectively supported immature CD34+CD90+ cells during culture and enhanced their long-term in vivo repopulation capacity. Purified HSCs treated with CPX showed a reduced cell division rate and an enrichment of HSC-specific gene expression patterns. Mechanistically, we found that the HSC stimulating effect of CPX was directly mediated by chelation of the intracellular iron pool, which in turn affected iron-dependent proteins and enzymes mediating cellular metabolism and respiration. Our findings unveil a significant impact of iron homeostasis in regulation of human HSCs, with important implications for both basic HSC biology and clinical hematology.
WS7 - MobEA VI (2008)

2008 will be the "Mobile Eureka! Moment". With the Olympics just round the corner and the mobile market experiencing a phenomenal growth, we believe that WWW 2008 will truly be the climax and focal point in the midst of this mobile revolution. Mobile Web Initiative spearheaded by W3C is making a strong stand on how to realize the vision of pervasive mobile computing. Three screen services (TV, PC, Phone) are demanding new architectures to be developed. Furthermore, the need to go beyond technology, demands an embrace of the human-centric aspects of mobile computing. The objective of this workshop is to provide a single forum for researchers, sociologists, and technologists to discuss the state-of-the-art, present their contributions, and set future directions in personalized applications for mobile users with a focus in rich social media.
Applications of Steerable Projector-Camera Systems (2003)

Stable isotope composition of human fingernails has proven to be useful for documenting human dietary information and geographical patterns in archeological, forensic, anthropological and biological studies. Therefore, it is of interest to detect all factors influencing the stable isotopic composition in the certain regions in the world. Carbon and nitrogen isotope data of human fingernail keratin from 52 individuals from Slovakia were reported in this study. The online combustion and continuous flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometer Delta V Advantage was used for δ(13)C and δ(15)N analysis of fingernail keratin samples from 24 vegetarian and 28 omnivorous individuals. A group of people with frequent meat consumption showed enrichment in (13)C and (15)N isotopes in fingernails. A similar trend was observed with increasing seafood in an individual's diet. Moreover a significant difference was revealed between smokers and nonsmokers for both δ(13)C and δ(15)N values. These data were compared to previously published δ(13)C and δ(15)N fingernail values from across the globe. This study brings new information on the stable isotope signature of individuals from Slovakia and characterizes the Central European region for the first time. The stable isotope composition of fingernails is influenced by the frequency of meat and seafood consumption as well as smoking.
Targeting acetyl-CoA metabolism attenuates the formation of fear memories through reduced activity-dependent histone acetylation (2022)

Histone acetylation is a key component in the consolidation of long-term fear memories. Histone acetylation is fueled by acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), and recently, nuclear-localized metabolic enzymes that produce this metabolite have emerged as direct and local regulators of chromatin. In particular, acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) mediates histone acetylation in the mouse hippocampus. However, whether ACSS2 regulates long-term fear memory remains to be determined. Here, we show that Acss2 knockout is well tolerated in mice, yet the Acss2-null mouse exhibits reduced acquisition of long-term fear memory. Loss of Acss2 leads to reductions in both histone acetylation and expression of critical learning and memory-related genes in the dorsal hippocampus, specifically following fear conditioning. Furthermore, systemic administration of blood-brain barrier-permeable Acss2 inhibitors during the consolidation window reduces fear-memory formation in mice and rats and reduces anxiety in a predator-scent stress paradigm. Our findings suggest that nuclear acetyl-CoA metabolism via ACSS2 plays a critical, previously unappreciated, role in the formation of fear memories.
Synchrotron study of oxygen depletion in a Bi-2212 whisker annealed at 363 K (2009)

Direct evidence is reported of structural and electronic effects induced on a single Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) (Bi-2212) whisker during a progressive annealing process. The crystal was investigated by micro X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD), micro X-ray fluorescence and electrical characterization at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, during a series of three in situ thermal processes at 363 K. Each step increased the sample resistivity and decreased its critical temperature, up to a semiconducting behaviour. These data correlate with micro-XRD analysis, which shows an increase of the c-axis parameter from 30.56 A to 30.75 A, indicating an oxygen depletion mechanism. Mild temperature annealing could be an effective process to modulate the intrinsic Josephson junctions' characteristics in Bi-2212 whiskers.
Virtual real-time environment for automatic transmission control units in the form of hardware-in-the-loop (2003)

Short development times, early verification of design and function, and efficient use of development expenditure make it necessary for the step from the real world to the virtual world to be taken at an early stage of the project. This also, and in particular, applies to the development of electronic control units for passenger cars. This paper describes the configuration of a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) test stand for electronic transmission control units used in automatic-transmission vehicles. The complete environment of the control unit – the so-called DRV parameters Driver, Route and Vehicle – is replaced by a new virtual real-time environment which is designed to match the specific application in question. Test and development options offered by HIL simulation are illustrated in the form of examples. These include verification of individual functions under reproducible conditions and long-time simulation under real-time conditions.
MEMS-based handheld scanning probe with pre-shaped input signals for distortion-free images in Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (2016)

High-speed scanning in optical coherence tomography (OCT) often comes with either compromises in image quality, the requirement for post-processing of the acquired images, or both. We report on distortion-free OCT volumetric imaging with a dual-axis micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based handheld imaging probe. In the context of an imaging probe with optics located between the 2D MEMS and the sample, we report in this paper on how pre-shaped open-loop input signals with tailored non-linear parts were implemented in a custom control board and, unlike the sinusoidal signals typically used for MEMS, achieved real-time distortion-free imaging without post-processing. The MEMS mirror was integrated into a compact, lightweight handheld probe. The MEMS scanner achieved a 12-fold reduction in volume and 17-fold reduction in weight over a previous dual-mirror galvanometer-based scanner. Distortion-free imaging with no post-processing with a Gabor-domain optical coherence microscope (GD-OCM) with 2 μm axial and lateral resolutions over a field of view of 1 × 1 mm<sup>2</sup> is demonstrated experimentally through volumetric images of a regular microscopic structure, an excised human cornea, and in vivo human skin.
Disodium Disuccinate Astaxanthin (CardaxTM): Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Cardioprotection (2006)

Disodium disuccinate astaxanthin (Cardax), DDA) has cardioprotective effects in the rat, rabbit, and canine models of experimental infarction. It is highly effective by parenteral administration in subchronic and acute dosing regimens. Unpublished data in rats suggest that oral cardioprotection is also readily achievable. DDA-induced myocardial salvage in the canine can reach 100% with a 4-day subchronic dosing regimen. At a single i.v. dose DDA is cardioprotective, when given 2 h before experimental coronary occlusion, but the protection is on the average two-thirds of that achieved with the subchronic regimen in dogs. In conscious animals DDA has no effects on hemodynamic parameters. The primary mechanism of cardioprotection appears to be antioxidant activity involving direct scavenging of superoxide anion, the lynchpin radical in ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, modulation of serum complement activity, as well as the reduction in the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the membrane attack complex (MAC) in infarcted tissue suggest a significant antiinflammatory component in the mechanism of cardioprotective action of DDA. Stoichiometric binding of the meso-form of the compound to human serum albumin (HSA) has been demonstrated in vitro. This binding capacity overcomes the supramolecular assembly of the compound in aqueous solution, which by itself improves the stability and shelf life of aqueous formulations. Non-esterified astaxanthin readily enters cardiac tissue after either oral or parenteral administration, providing a reservoir of a cardioprotective agent with a significant half-life due to favorable ADME in mammals. Due to the well-documented safety profile of non-esterified astaxanthin in humans, disodium disuccinate astaxanthin may well find clinical utility in cardiovascular indications in humans following successful completion of preclinical and clinical pharmacology and toxicology studies.
Effect of Chemical Fixation on the Fiber Kinematics of Bovine Pericardium (1997)

Abstract Microstructural modeling of chemically treated bovine pericardium (BP), a popular material for cardiovascular bioprostheses, requires knowledge of the initial collagen fiber angular distribution and fiber kinematics.1 In a previous study, utilizing combined small angle light scattering (SALS) and biaxial stretch, we found that the collagen fibers in fresh BP reorient towards the direction of stretch to a greater extent than predicted by an affine transformation model.2