gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman spectral mapping for the illumination of biochemical changes associated with malignancy in the oesophagus (2003)

The potential of optical spectroscopic detection for the early detection of malignancy is becoming more widely accepted. Many studies have demonstrated the potential of Raman spectroscopy for the identification and classification of malignant changes, with valuable insight into possible applications. However much of the work has been undertaken without clear recognition of the biochemical changes that distinguish between the different stages of malignant progression. Raman mapping experiments have been undertaken in an attempt to increase understanding of the biochemical changes involved in the development of oesophageal malignancy. Pseudocolour maps of the significant principal component scores have been generated. The peaks of the corresponding principal component loads have been identified, by comparison with constituent spectra and published spectral identities. Investigating the measured biochemical changes in greater detail, further demonstrates the potential of near infrared Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of biological tissue.
Aging Impacts Transcriptome but not Genome of Hormone-dependent Breast Cancers (2007)

Age is one of the most important risk factors for human malignancies, including breast cancer; in addition, age-at-diagnosis has been shown to be an independent indicator of breast cancer prognosis. However, except for inherited forms of breast cancer, there is little genetic or epigenetic understanding of the biological basis linking aging with sporadic breast cancer incidence and its clinical behavior.
Polymerization and copolymerization using high intensity ultrasound (1990)

Abstract Abstract: High intensity ultrasound has been used to prepare homopolymers and copolymers of styrene, methyl methacrylate and n‐butyl methacrylate. High molecular weight homopolymers are formed rapidly during sonication and are then subjected to a degradation process. The copolymers prepared by this method have similar structure and properties to those prepared using AIBN as an initiator.
A BRIEF REVIEW ON GRAPHENE-NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITES (2010)

Graphene, a single layer of hexagonal packed carbon atoms, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Because of its exceptional electronic, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties, graphene has shown great promises in a wide range of applications. Graphene derivatives, e.g. graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, possess surface defects and oxygen functional groups, which make them ideal templates for synthesis of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs). Enhanced properties are expected in these graphene–NP composites, which arise from the synergic effect of the GO/rGO sheets and the anchored NPs. In this review, after a brief introduction on the properties and synthesis of graphene, we will discuss the fabrication methods of graphene–metal NP and graphene–semiconductor NP composites, as well as their related applications in catalysis, photovoltaic devices, supercapacitors, and so on.
Enhancement of extreme ultraviolet emission from a CO2 laser-produced Sn plasma using a cavity target (2007)

We demonstrated enhancement of in-band conversion efficiency (CE) at 13.5nm of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission from a tin (Sn) cavity target irradiated by a CO2 laser pulse. Whereas a planar Sn target produced an in-band CE of around 2%, the use of cavity targets significantly enhanced the EUV emission energy and the EUV CE. An EUV CE of 4% was observed for a Sn cavity target with a depth of 200μm which is one of the highest values ever reported.
Search for a common baryon source in high-multiplicity pp collisions at the LHC (2020)

We report on the measurement of the size of the particle-emitting source from two-baryon correlations with ALICE in high-multiplicity pp collisions at s=13 TeV. The source radius is studied with low relative momentum p–p, p‾–p‾, p–Λ , and p‾–Λ‾ pairs as a function of the pair transverse mass mT considering for the first time in a quantitative way the effect of strong resonance decays. After correcting for this effect, the radii extracted for pairs of different particle species agree. This indicates that protons, antiprotons, Λ s, and Λ‾ s originate from the same source. Within the measured mT range (1.1–2.2) GeV/c2the invariant radius of this common source varies between 1.3 and 0.85 fm. These results provide a precise reference for studies of the strong hadron–hadron interactions and for the investigation of collective properties in small colliding systems.
Serious Infection and Mortality in Patients With Crohn's Disease: More Than 5 Years of Follow-Up in the TREAT™ Registry (2012)

Mortality was similar between infliximab- and other-treatments-only-treated CD patients. An increased risk of serious infection with infliximab was observed, although CD severity and use of prednisone or narcotic analgesics carried higher risks.
Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Amides to Amines (2013)

Hydrogenation of amides in the presence of [Ru(acac)3] (acacH=2,4-pentanedione), triphos [1,1,1-tris- (diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane] and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) produces secondary and tertiary amines with selectivities as high as 93% provided that there is at least one aromatic ring on N. The system is also active for the synthesis of primary amines. In an attempt to probe the role of MSA and the mechanism of the reaction, a range of methanesulfonato complexes has been prepared from [Ru(acac)3], triphos and MSA, or from reactions of [RuX(OAc)(triphos)] (X=H or OAc) or [RuH2(CO)(triphos)] with MSA. Crystallographically characterised complexes include: [Ru(OAc-κ(1)O)2(H2O)(triphos)], [Ru(OAc-κ(2)O,O')(CH3SO3-κ(1)O)(triphos)], [Ru(CH3SO3-κ(1)O)2(H2O)(triphos)] and [Ru2(μ-CH3SO3)3(triphos)2][CH3SO3], whereas other complexes, such as [Ru(OAc-κ(1)O)(OAc-κ(2)O,O')(triphos)], [Ru(CH3SO3-κ(1)O)(CH3SO3-κ(2)O,O')(triphos)], H[Ru(CH3SO3-κ(1)O)3(triphos)], [RuH(CH3SO3-κ(1)O)(CO)(triphos)] and [RuH(CH3SO3-κ(2)O,O')(triphos)] have been characterised spectroscopically. The interactions between these various complexes and their relevance to the catalytic reactions are discussed.
Broadband mid-IR frequency comb with CdSiP_2 and AgGaS_2 from an Er,Tm:Ho fiber laser (2014)

We report on the generation of a 2500 nm bandwidth frequency comb at 6.5 μm central wavelength based on critically phase-matched parametric down-conversion in the nonlinear crystal CdSiP(2) (CSP), driven by a compact Er,Tm:Ho fiber laser. The generated ultra-broadband pulses show a transform-limited duration of 2.3 optical cycles and carry up to 150 pJ of energy at a 100 MHz pulse repetition rate. For comparison, the spectrum generated in AgGaS(2) (AGS) spans from 6.2 to 7.4 μm at full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) with a pulse energy of 3 pJ. A full 3D nonlinear wave propagation code is used for optimization of the noncollinear angle, propagation direction, and crystal thickness.
Bioconjugation of Highly Luminescent Colloidal CdSe–ZnS Quantum Dots with an Engineered Two-Domain Recombinant Protein (2001)

We present a novel approach, based on molecular self-assembly driven by electrostatic attractions, for conjugating inorganic colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots: QDs) having negatively charged surfaces with a two-domain recombinant protein bearing a positively charged C-terminal leucine zipper domain. Aggregation-free QD/protein conjugate dispersions were prepared. Conjugates retain both properties of the starting materials, i.e., biological activity of the protein and spectroscopic characteristics of the QDs. Such hybrid bio-inorganic conjugates represent a powerful fluorescent tracking tool, because they combine advantages of CdSe–ZnS quantum dots, such as chemical stability and a wide range of size-dependent luminescence emission properties, with a straightforward electrostatic conjugation approach. We describe the design and preparation of a model QD/protein conjugate and present functional characterization of the conjugate using luminescence and bioassays.
Enhanced catalytic activity of H-β zeolite and MCM-41 in the cyclopentadiene Diels-Alder reactions (2008)

The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions between cyclopentadiene and methacrolein are effectively catalyzed with the aluminum-modified mesoporous silica MCM-41 having a variety of metal cations in the pore such as Zn-,Co-,Ni- and La-MCM-41.The β zeolite (H-β)having protons in the pore shows a dramatically high catalytic activity in the same reaction to give a quantitative yield of cycloadducts at 0℃ in less than l h, and the dealuminated β zeolite is also a highly reactive catalyst.The Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene with 3-buten-2-one and 2-ethylacrolein are also activated with the H-β and Ni-MCM-41
Measurement of the photon identification efficiencies with the ATLAS detector using LHC Run-1 data (2016)

The algorithms used by the ATLAS Collaboration to reconstruct and identify prompt photons are described. Measurements of the photon identification efficiencies are reported, using 4.9 fb[Formula: see text] of <i>pp</i> collision data collected at the LHC at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and 20.3 fb[Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. The efficiencies are measured separately for converted and unconverted photons, in four different pseudorapidity regions, for transverse momenta between 10 [Formula: see text] and 1.5 [Formula: see text]. The results from the combination of three data-driven techniques are compared to the predictions from a simulation of the detector response, after correcting the electromagnetic shower momenta in the simulation for the average differences observed with respect to data. Data-to-simulation efficiency ratios used as correction factors in physics measurements are determined to account for the small residual efficiency differences. These factors are measured with uncertainties between 0.5% and 10% in 7 [Formula: see text] data and between 0.5% and 5.6% in 8 [Formula: see text] data, depending on the photon transverse momentum and pseudorapidity.
Electrical Properties of Mo/III-V Compounds Schottky Barriers (1983)

0.1 µm Mo layers are deposited on III-V compounds by electron-beam evaporation. The electrical properties and interface of Schottky barriers are assessed by I-V, C-V, DLTS and Rutherford Backscattering (2 MeV He + , θ=160°). The near-ideal Schottky diodes ( n &lt;1.05) are formed and thermionic emission mechanism is applicable in these Mo/III-V systems. In the defect-free Mo/GaAs (epitaxy) system, the reverse current behavior can be expressed by the Andrews and Lepselter model. The deep hole trap with energy of E v +(0.93±0.04) eV is observed in the Mo/GaAs (undoped) system and attributed to the native defects of bulk GaAs. The thermal stability of Mo/GaAs Schottky barrier is greater than that of Mo/GaAs 0.6 P 0.4 , and the Mo/GaAs Schottky barrier can be used in high power IMPATT and MESFET devices.
GM‐CSF and M‐CSF modulate β‐chemokine and HIV‐1 expression in microglia (2002)

Significant numbers of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop CNS infection primarily in macrophages and microglial cells. Therefore, the regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and activation of the brain mononuclear phagocytes subsequent to infection are important areas of investigation. In the current report, we studied the role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) in the expression of antiviral beta-chemokines and HIV-1 p24 in cultures of primary human fetal microglia. We found that stimulation with GM-CSF or M-CSF induced macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta) and augmented RANTES expression, after HIV-1 infection of microglia. This was not due to the effect of GM-CSF on viral expression because GM-CSF was neither necessary nor stimulatory for viral infection, nor did GM-CSF enhance the expression of env-pseudotyped reporter viruses. Blocking GM-CSF-induced microglial proliferation by nocodazole had no effect on beta-chemokine or p24 expression. The functional significance of the GM-CSF-induced beta-chemokines was suggested by the finding that, in the presence of GM-CSF, exogenous beta-chemokines lost their anti-HIV-1 effects. We further show that although HIV-1-infected microglia produced M-CSF, they failed to produce GM-CSF. In vivo, GM-CSF expression was localized to activated astrocytes and some inflammatory cells in HIV-1 encephalitis, suggesting paracrine activation of microglia through GM-CSF. Our results demonstrate a complex interplay between CSFs, chemokines, and virus in microglial cells and may have bearing on the interpretation of data derived in vivo and in vitro.
Einfluss der Ankopplung auf das Hörergebnis nach Vibrant Soundbridge-Implantation – Vergleich des Übertragungsverhaltens im Felsenbeinversuch mit klinischen Langzeitdaten (2022)

Ziel Die Daten von humanen Felsenbeinexperimenten (TB-Experimente) sollten mit dem postoperativen Hörergebnis nach Implantation des Floating Mass Transducer (FMT) im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie verglichen werden. Aktorzielstrukturen waren der lange (LP-Coupler) und kurze (SP-Coupler) Ambossfortsatz, der Steigbügelkopf (Clip-Coupler) und die Rundfenstermembran (RW-Soft-Coupler).
Trade-off of multibeam reflector antenna configuration for satellite onboard application (2016)

Recently, demands on high throughput communication for airplanes and ships by high throughput satellite using Ka-band have been increased. Frequency and polarization reuse method with covering service area by multiple spot beams is widely adopted to increase frequency band efficiency. A configuration of reflector and multiple primary feeds is widely used for multi-beam antenna because of its high gain property and simple configuration. In this paper, two configurations, single feed per beam and multiple feed per beam, are compared by Ka-band 16 multibeam scenario.
Multimodal Neuroimaging Approach to Variability of Functional Connectivity in Disorders of Consciousness: A PET/MRI Pilot Study (2018)

Behavioral assessments could not suffice to provide accurate diagnostic information in individuals with disorders of consciousness (DoC). Multimodal neuroimaging markers have been developed to support clinical assessments of these patients. Here we present findings obtained by hybrid fludeoxyglucose (FDG-)PET/MR imaging in three severely brain-injured patients, one in an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), one in a minimally conscious state (MCS), and one patient emerged from MCS (EMCS). Repeated behavioral assessment by means of Coma Recovery Scale-Revised and neurophysiological evaluation were performed in the two weeks before and after neuroimaging acquisition, to ascertain that clinical diagnosis was stable. The three patients underwent one imaging session, during which two resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) blocks were run with a temporal gap of about 30 min. rs-fMRI data were analyzed with a graph theory approach applied to nine independent networks. We also analyzed the benefits of concatenating the two acquisitions for each patient or to select for each network the graph strength map with a higher ratio of fitness. Finally, as for clinical assessment, we considered the best functional connectivity pattern for each network and correlated graph strength maps to FDG uptake. Functional connectivity analysis showed several differences between the two rs-fMRI acquisitions, affecting in a different way each network and with a different variability for the three patients, as assessed by ratio of fitness. Moreover, combined PET/fMRI analysis demonstrated a higher functional/metabolic correlation for patients in EMCS and MCS compared to UWS. In conclusion, we observed for the first time, through a test-retest approach, a variability in the appearance and temporal/spatial patterns of resting-state networks in severely brain-injured patients, proposing a new method to select the most informative connectivity pattern.
Measuring Crowdsourcing Effort with Error-Time Curves (2015)

Crowdsourcing systems lack effective measures of the effort required to complete each task. Without knowing how much time workers need to execute a task well, requesters struggle to accurately structure and price their work. Objective measures of effort could better help workers identify tasks that are worth their time. We propose a data-driven effort metric, ETA (error-time area), that can be used to determine a task's fair price. It empirically models the relationship between time and error rate by manipulating the time that workers have to complete a task. ETA reports the area under the error-time curve as a continuous metric of worker effort. The curve's 10th percentile is also interpretable as the minimum time most workers require to complete the task without error, which can be used to price the task. We validate the ETA metric on ten common crowdsourcing tasks, including tagging, transcription, and search, and find that ETA closely tracks how workers would rank these tasks by effort. We also demonstrate how ETA allows requesters to rapidly iterate on task designs and measure whether the changes improve worker efficiency. Our findings can facilitate the process of designing, pricing, and allocating crowdsourcing tasks.
Exon structure and promoter identification of STIM1 (alias GOK), a human gene causing growth arrest of the human tumor cell lines G401 and RD (1999)

The stromal interaction molecular 1 gene (STIM1) encodes a type I trans-membrane protein of unknown function, which induces growth arrest and degeneration of the human tumor cell lines G401 and RD but not HBL100 and CaLu-6, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyosarcomas and rhabdoid tumors. Here, we describe the STIM1 genomic organization including the identification of the promoter region. The gene consists of 12 exons that span a region larger than 250 kb between the genes RRM1 and NUP98. Nucleotide sequences of all exon-intron boundaries were determined and oligonucleotide primers for the amplification of individual exons were designed. The promoter region was identified within a 1.8-kb SacI fragment at the 5' end of the gene. In vitro CpG methylation of the promoter region indicated that transcription can be downregulated by this mechanism. The genetic tools developed in the present work will help to determine whether pathogenetic mechanisms that associate STIM1 with tumorigenesis involve mutations in coding sequences and/or promoter, and whether methylation could determine STIM1 transcriptional down-regulation in tumor samples.
Association of mitochondria with microtubules in cultured cells. (1978)

By indirect immunofluorescence techniques, microtubules and mitochondria were localized in normal rat kidney cells, human WI38 fibroblasts, mouse peritoneal macrophages, and a putative smooth muscle rat cell line, in monolayer culture. The mitochondria were found to be arranged along the cytoplasmic microtubules in each cell type. Disruption of the microtubules with colcemid caused a redistribution of the mitochondria in these cells. There was no correlation between the location of the mitochondria and actin-containing filaments. This evidence suggests that mitochondria are directly or indirectly associated with microtubules in these cells.
Investigation of nanostructured porous TiO2 and SiO2 thin films as high specific surface area coatings for high sensitivity VOC Love wave (guided SH-SAW) sensors (2010)

International audience
Convergent Synthesis of Complex Diketopiperazines Derived from Pipecolic Acid Scaffolds and Parallel Screening Against GPCR Targets. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SDP-based adaptation for quality control in adaptive streaming (2015)

HTTP Streaming has been a new trend for video delivering via IP. Currently, most of the adaptation algorithms developed for HTTP Streaming are qualitative, which means the performance metrics could only be shown after the streaming session. In this paper, we embark on this problem by discretizing the whole system. We then formulate an infinite horizon problem (IHP) and solve it by Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP). To deal with the time-varying characteristics of video bitrate, we estimate the instant bitrate from the previous bitrate. We also develop mathematical models that predict the average performance of the adaptation policy, which helps adjust the settings before a streaming session. In the evaluation, we compare our method with a previous work which applies bitrate estimation and another method which only applies SDP.
Proteomic Analysis Demonstrates Activator- and Chromatin-specific Recruitment to Promoters (2012)

In-depth characterization of RNA polymerase II preinitiation complexes remains an important and challenging goal. We used quantitative mass spectrometry to explore context-dependent Saccharomyces cerevisiae preinitiation complex formation at the HIS4 promoter reconstituted on naked and chromatinized DNA templates. The transcription activators Gal4-VP16 and Gal4-Gcn4 recruited a limited set of chromatin-related coactivator complexes, namely the chromatin remodeler Swi/Snf and histone acetyltransferases SAGA and NuA4, suggesting that transcription stimulation is mediated through these factors. Moreover, the two activators differentially recruited the coactivator complexes, consistent with specific activator-coactivator interactions. Chromatinized templates suppressed recruitment of basal transcription factors, thereby amplifying the effect of activators, compared with naked DNA templates. This system is sensitive, highly reproducible, and easily applicable to mapping the repertoire of proteins found at any promoter.
Virtual Testing: Fatigue Life (S-N Curves) Simulations for Commercial Vehicle Axle Components (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Current trends in vehicle development, including both automotive and commercial vehicles, are characterized by short model life cycles, reduced development time, concurrent design and manufacturing development, reduced design changes, and reduced total cost. All of these are driven by customer demand of higher load capacity, reduced weight, extended durability and warranty requirement, better NVH performance and reduced cost. These trends have resulted in increased usage of computational simulation tools in design, manufacturing, and testing, i.e. virtual testing or virtual prototyping.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper summarizes our work in virtual testing, i.e. fatigue life simulations using computational fracture mechanics for commercial vehicle axle gearing development. First, fatigue life simulation results by using computational fracture mechanics CRACKS software were verified by comparing with gear teeth bending fatigue test data and three point bending fatigue test data. Then the CRACKS program is used to evaluate the effect of various factors on bending fatigue life S-N curves computationally, such as steels with different alloy contents, residual stresses from standard shot peen, high intensity shot peen, ultrasonic impact process, and laser shock peen, initial defect size, steel properties such as fracture toughness and crack growth threshold values. The computational mechanics tool was effective and allowed us to conduct design optimizations as well as to reduce prototype testing and reduce design cycle time.&lt;/div&gt;