gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Through Physics and Smart Materials, Breaking the Efficiency (Droop) Barrier in Light Emitting Diodes for the Ultimate Solid-State Lighting (2022)

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) promise energy-efficient, durable, environmental, and compact lighting for a variety of applications including general illumination and optogenetics. GaN materials (i.e. III-nitrides) are the backbone of LEDs emitting in the ultraviolet, blue, and green spectra. LED layers, grown conventionally on sapphire and silicon carbide substrates, are wurtzite in phase and possess inherit polarization fields along the common growth direction. However, recent studies showed polarization fields to contribute droop phenomena in LEDs. Thus, it is essential to focus on polarization-free designs to improve GaN photonic and vertical transport device performance. In this talk, I will report on a novel means of enabling polarization-free GaN devices via controlling material phase. In another aspect, with exciting developments in optogenetics, thin film devices capable of biomonitoring, biomanipulation, and biointegration are becoming essential. However, visible LEDs used in optogenetics are lateral-oriented, thick, and rigidlimiting their efficiency, thermal budget, and bio-integration. In this respect, I will talk about our promising results in enabling vertical-oriented, thin, and flexible LEDs. Vertical thinking is shown to be critical for enabling innovative and exciting opportunities for GaN-based LEDs.
Product complexity and supply chain design (2013)

To assemble a product, each and every part is required. Hence, the more parts in the product, the greater the risk of disruption. Compared with retailers or assemblers of simple products, manufacturers of complex products are much more sensitive to supply chain delays. This heightened vulnerability to supply chain disruptions should lead complex product assemblers to design less risky supply chains. Supply chain design should depend on the complexity of the product assembled or manufactured. This paper models how product complexity drives the likelihood of disruption for given component supply chain reliabilities. The paper provides insights for supply chain design that comprehends the impact of product complexity.
Fast Monte Carlo algorithms for knotted polymers (1995)

Fast implementations of the kink-jump-crankshaft and Berg-Foerster-Aragao de Carvalho-Caracciolo-Froehlich (BFACF) algorithms are discussed and applied to the study of topologically knotted polymers. The effect of knots on the size scaling laws of polymers is investigated. Finally, a comparison between the size scaling of the kink-jump-crankshaft and BFACF alogorithms is made
Early diagnosis and better rhythm management to improve outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: the 8th AFNET/EHRA consensus conference (2022)

Despite marked progress in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF), detecting AF remains difficult and AF-related complications cause unacceptable morbidity and mortality even on optimal current therapy. This document summarizes the key outcomes of the 8th AFNET/EHRA Consensus Conference of the Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eighty-three international experts met in Hamburg for 2 days in October 2021. Results of the interdisciplinary, hybrid discussions in breakout groups and the plenary based on recently published and unpublished observations are summarized in this consensus paper to support improved care for patients with AF by guiding prevention, individualized management, and research strategies. The main outcomes are (i) new evidence supports a simple, scalable, and pragmatic population-based AF screening pathway; (ii) rhythm management is evolving from therapy aimed at improving symptoms to an integrated domain in the prevention of AF-related outcomes, especially in patients with recently diagnosed AF; (iii) improved characterization of atrial cardiomyopathy may help to identify patients in need for therapy; (iv) standardized assessment of cognitive function in patients with AF could lead to improvement in patient outcomes; and (v) artificial intelligence (AI) can support all of the above aims, but requires advanced interdisciplinary knowledge and collaboration as well as a better medico-legal framework. Implementation of new evidence-based approaches to AF screening and rhythm management can improve outcomes in patients with AF. Additional benefits are possible with further efforts to identify and target atrial cardiomyopathy and cognitive impairment, which can be facilitated by AI.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Fluoro‐ and 8‐Fluorotrimetoquinol: Selective β2‐Adrenoceptor Agonists. (1987)

Abstract 2‐Fluoro‐6‐methoxy‐phenol (II) is transformed into the bis(benzyloxy)fluorobenzyl cyanide (Vb).
Abstract MS1-1: Targeting PI3K (2012)

Abstract Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) is a central enzyme in a signaling pathway that mediates cellular responses to growth factors. The signaling pathway downstream of PI3K is highly conserved from worms and flies to humans and genetic analysis of the pathway has revealed a conserved role in regulating glucose metabolism and cell growth. Mutational events that lead to hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway result in hamartoma syndromes and cancers. Activating mutations in PIK3CA, encoding the p110alpha catalytic subunit of PI3K (PIK3CA) or inactivating mutations in PTEN, a phosphoinositide 3-phosphatases that reverses the effects of PI3K, are among the most common events in solid tumors, especially breast cancers. Drugs that target PI3K are in clinical trials for a variety of cancers. It is likely that PI3K pathway inhibitors will need to be combined with other drugs to be broadly effective. We have employed genetically engineered mouse models that develop cancers due to mutations in genes in the PI3K pathway and are using these models to explore the efficacy of PI3K pathway inhibitors as single agents or in combination with other drugs. We are also interrogating the role of PI3K in the growth and survival of Brca1/p53 mutant breast cancers. The role of PI3K inhibitors for treating cancers in these mouse models and in human trials will be discussed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr MS1-1.
Systematic and Deterministic Graph-Minor Embedding for Cartesian\n Products of Graphs (2016)

The limited connectivity of current and next-generation quantum annealers\nmotivates the need for efficient graph-minor embedding methods. These methods\nallow non-native problems to be adapted to the target annealer's architecture.\nThe overhead of the widely used heuristic techniques is quickly proving to be a\nsignificant bottleneck for solving real-world applications. To alleviate this\ndifficulty, we propose a systematic and deterministic embedding method,\nexploiting the structures of both the input graph of the specific problem and\nthe quantum annealer. We focus on the specific case of the Cartesian product of\ntwo complete graphs, a regular structure that occurs in many problems. We\ndivide the embedding problem by first embedding one of the factors of the\nCartesian product in a repeatable pattern. The resulting simplified problem\nconsists of the placement and connecting together of these copies to reach a\nvalid solution. Aside from the obvious advantage of a systematic and\ndeterministic approach with respect to speed and efficiency, the embeddings\nproduced are easily scaled for larger processors and show desirable properties\nfor the number of qubits used and the chain length distribution. To conclude,\nwe briefly address the problem of circumventing inoperable qubits by presenting\npossible extensions of the method.\n
Number of metastatic lymph nodes and zones as prognostic factors in non-small-cell lung cancer (2020)

The number of metastatic LNs and metastatic zones were useful prognostic factors in NSCLC patients. The findings could help in establishing a new pN classification.
The application of wave packets to reactive atom–diatom systems: A new approach (1989)

This work describes a new approach for the study of atom–diatom reactive collision employing the time-dependent wave packet Schrödinger equation. The method makes use of the projection operator formalism to form a coupled system of time dependent Schrödinger equations and of optical potentials to circumvent the necessary use of products coordinates. Two versions are presented. As an example we applied the method to the collinear reactive H+H2 system for which are calculated both transition probabilities and rate constants.
Small Heat Shock Proteins, Amyloid Fibrils, and Nicotine Stimulate a Common Immune Suppressive Pathway with Implications for Future Therapies (2018)

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is central to the anti-inflammatory function of the vagus nerve in a physiological mechanism termed the inflammatory reflex. Studies on the inflammatory reflex have been instrumental for the current development of the field of bioelectronic medicine. An independent investigation of the biological role of αB-crystallin (HspB5), the most abundant gene transcript present in active multiple sclerosis lesions in human brains, also led to α7nAChR. Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in HspB5<sup>-/-</sup> mice results in greater paralytic signs, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and T-lymphocyte activation relative to wild-type animals. Administration of HspB5 was therapeutic in animal models of multiple sclerosis, retinal and cardiac ischemia, and stroke. Structure-activity studies established that residues 73-92 were as potent as the parent protein, but only when it formed amyloid fibrils. Amyloid fibrils and small heat shock proteins (sHsps) selectively bound α7nAChR on peritoneal macrophages (MΦs) and B lymphocytes, converting the MΦs to an immune suppressive phenotype and mobilizing the migration of both cell types from the peritoneum to secondary lymph organs. Here, we review multiple aspects of this work, which may be of interest for developing future therapeutic approaches for multiple sclerosis and other disorders.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of [(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2LuCl]2: A Precursor for the Production of Lu2O3 Films (2004)

The single crystal X-ray diffraction study of [(η 5 -C 5 H 4 SiMe 3 ) 2 LuCl] 2 , prepared from LuCl 3 and Na[C 5 H 4 SiMe 3 ], shows the compound to be a centrosymmetric dimer with two η 5 -bonded cyclopentadienyl rings and two symmetrically bridging chlorine atoms coordinated to each of the two metal centers. The coordination geometry around the lutetium atoms is that of a distorted pseudo tetrahedron. The Lu-C(Cp) distances lie within the narrow range of 2.571 - 2.608 Å . The Lu-Cl bond lengths are 2.639(1) and 2.653(1) Å . The crystal structure shows no significant intermolecular contacts.
CCR4 and its ligands: from bench to bedside (2014)

Chemokines and chemokine receptors orchestrate cell migration and homing in the body. Humans have at least 44 chemokines that are further classified into four subfamilies based on the N-terminal conserved cysteine motifs: CXC, CC, C and CX3C. All the known chemokine receptors are seven transmembrane-type receptors. Humans have 18 chemotactic and 5 atypical non-chemotactic (recycling or scavenging) receptors. CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is the receptor for two CC chemokine ligands (CCLs)-CCL17 (also called thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine) and CCL22 (macrophage-derived chemokine). Among the various T-cell subsets, CCR4 is predominantly expressed by Th2 cells, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive skin-homing T cells and Treg cells. Thus, CCR4 attracts much attention for its possible clinical applications in diseases involving these T-cell subsets. Furthermore, CCR4 is often highly expressed by mature T-cell neoplasms such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). This article is a brief overview of basic and clinical research on CCR4 and its ligands, which has eventually led to the development of a humanized defucosylated anti-CCR4 antibody 'Mogamulizumab' for treatment of relapsed/refractory ATL and CTCLs.
ChemInform Abstract: PDE4 Inhibitors: New Xanthine Analogues. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The D-amino acid peptide D3 reduces amyloid fibril boosted HIV-1 infectivity (2014)

Since amyloids could play an important role in the progression of AIDS dementia complex (ADC), the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals with D3, that inhibits Aβ fibril formation and converts preformed Aβ fibrils into non-amyloidogenic and non-fibrillar aggregates, may reduce the vulnerability of the central nervous system of HIV patients for HIV associated neurological disorders.
Diversity-Multiplexing-Delay Tradeoff in Half-Duplex ARQ Relay Channels (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this correspondence, we present an efficient protocol for the delay-limited fading ARQ single relay half-duplex channel. The source is using an Automatic Retransmission reQuest (ARQ) retransmission protocol to send data to the relay and the destination. When the relay is able to decode, both the relay and the source send the same data to the destination providing additional gains. The proposed protocol exploits two kinds of diversity: 1) space diversity available through the cooperative (relay) terminal, which retransmits the source's signals and 2) ARQ diversity obtained by leveraging the retransmission delay to enhance the reliability. The performance characterization is in terms of the achievable diversity, multiplexing gain and delay tradeoff for a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. Finally, we show the benefits of power control on the diversity by controlling the source's power level over the retransmission rounds. </para>
A study on the characteristics of vertical accelerations and their effects on civil engineering structures (1998)

Seismological aspects -- Effects of near-fault vertical seismic accelerations on the dynamic response of steel moment-resisting frames -- Analysis of a sliding structure subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motion.
FSS-backed reflectarray with broadband square loop cell elements for dualband application (2008)

The objective of this paper is to carry out design and analysis of a Ka-band, FSS-backed reflectarray for dual band X/Ka-band application. In this design, broadband ring structure has been utilized as the cell element of the reflectarray and a single loop was used for the construction of the FSS-backed reflectarray which replaces the reflectarray ground plane. Prototypes of this FSS-backed reflectarray was fabricated and tested. The measurements demonstrated that the gain of the reflectarray is almost the same as its conventional counterpart backed by solid ground plane. Characterization of the out-of-band performance of this antenna demonstrated close to 0.6 dB insertion loss.
The Importance of Decarbonylation Mechanisms in the Atomic Layer Deposition of High‐Quality Ru Films by Zero‐Oxidation State Ru(DMBD)(CO) 3 (2022)

Achieving facile nucleation of noble metal films through atomic layer deposition (ALD) is extremely challenging. To this end, η<sup>4</sup> -2,3-dimethylbutadiene ruthenium<sup>(0)</sup> tricarbonyl (Ru(DMBD)(CO)<sub>3</sub> ), a zero-valent complex, has recently been reported to achieve good nucleation by ALD at relatively low temperatures and mild reaction conditions. The authors study the growth mechanism of this precursor by in situ quartz-crystal microbalance and quadrupole mass spectrometry during Ru ALD, complemented by ex situ film characterization and kinetic modeling. These studies reveal that Ru(DMBD)(CO)<sub>3</sub> produces high-quality Ru films with excellent nucleation properties. This results in smooth, coalesced films even at low film thicknesses, all important traits for device applications. However, Ru deposition follows a kinetically limited decarbonylation reaction scheme, akin to typical chemical vapor deposition processes, with a strong dependence on both temperature and reaction timescale. The non-self-limiting nature of the kinetically driven mechanism presents both challenges for ALD implementation and opportunities for process tuning. By surveying reports of similar precursors, it is suggested that the findings can be generalized to the broader class of zero-oxidation state carbonyl-based precursors used in thermal ALD, with insight into the design of effective saturation studies.
Scaling limitations of monolithic polycrystalline-Silicon resistors in VLSI static RAM's and logic (1982)

Quantitative design criteria for monolithic polycrystalline-silicon resistors are established from physical models to develop an optimal device design. Based on the results, the parameters that limit the scaling of polysilicon resistors are identified, and a first-order estimation of minimum device dimensions is projected. The impact of this scaling on the performance of VLSI static RAM's and logic is analyzed in terms of chip area, power, sensitivity to radiation, rise time, voltage swing, and noise margin. Based on constant-power scaling rules, resistor scaling is limited by the permissible nonlinearity dictated primarily by maximum rise time and sensitivity to radiation. After constant-field scaling, the speed-power product is improved; however, the circuits have less noise margin and voltage swing and become more sensitive to radiation.
Stereo display with time-multiplexed focal adjustment (2009)

In stereo displays, binocular disparity creates a striking impression of depth. However, such displays present focus cues-blur and accommodation-that specify a different depth than disparity, thereby causing a conflict. This conflict causes several problems including misperception of the 3D layout, difficulty fusing binocular images, and visual fatigue. To address these problems, we developed a display that preserves the advantages of conventional stereo displays, while presenting correct or nearly correct focus cues. In our new stereo display each eye views a display through a lens that switches between four focal distances at very high rate. The switches are synchronized to the display, so focal distance and the distance being simulated on the display are consistent or nearly consistent with one another. Focus cues for points in-between the four focal planes are simulated by using a depth-weighted blending technique. We will describe the design of the new display, discuss the retinal images it forms under various conditions, and describe an experiment that illustrates the effectiveness of the display in maximizing visual performance while minimizing visual fatigue.
Bright, Fluorescent Dyes Based on Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines that are Capable of Two‐Photon Absorption (2013)

A library of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was synthesized by using the Gevorgyan method and their linear and non-linear optical properties were studied. Derivatives that contained both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups at the 2 position were comprehensively investigated. Their emission quantum yield ranged between 0.2-0.7 and it was shown to depend on the substitution pattern, most notably that on the phenyl ring. Electron-donating substituents improved the luminescence performance of these compounds, whereas electron-withdrawing substituents led to a more erratic behavior. Substitution on the six-membered ring had less effect on the fluorescence properties. Extension of the delocalization increased the luminescence quantum yield. A new quadrupolar system was designed that contained two imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine units on its periphery and a 1,4-dicyanobenzene unit at its center. This system exhibited a large Stokes-shifted luminescence that was affected by the polarity and rigidity of the solvent, which was ascribed to emission from an excited state with strong charge-transfer character. This quadrupolar feature also led to an acceptable two-photon absorption response in the NIR region.
Benefit of Percutaneous Injection of Autologous Platelet-Leukocyte-Rich Gel in Patients with Delayed Union and Nonunion (2008)

This article reports the efficacy of percutaneous autologous platelet-leukocyte-rich gel (PLRG) injection as a minimally invasive method alternative to open grafting techniques. Each of 32 participants was followed on a regular basis with clinical examinations, roentgenograms, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examinations. In the delayed union group, the average time to union was 9.3 weeks after PLRG injection and the union was achieved in all cases. In the nonunion group, the union was observed in 13 of 20 cases and the average time to union was 10.3 weeks after PLRG injection. Interestingly, in patients in whom union was not achieved, the average time from the fracture and/or from the last operation was >11 months. This is our initial experience with the use of PLRG as biologic treatment for delayed union or nonunion. Our investigation showed that percutaneous PLRG injection in delayed union is a sufficient method to obtain union, which is less invasive procedure than bone marrow injection. Percutaneous PLRG grafting can be also an effective method for the treatment of selected cases of nonunion. The essential factor is the average time from the initial surgery to PLRG injection for nonunion; <11 months seems to be critical for good outcomes.
Search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one tau lepton in 20 fb−1 of s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector (2014)

A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton and zero or one additional light leptons (electron/muon), has been performed using 20.3 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.
Un modèle volumique déformable hiérarchique et un calcul de distance k-d efficace pour la segmentation d'images 3-d (1997)

RESUME Nous presentons un modele volumique deformable qui permet la segmentation automatique d’images medicales tridimensionnelles. Notre travail combine un modele octree-spline deformable hierarchique et regularise, avec le calcul rapide d’une distance generalisee prenant en compte des caracteristiques differentielles extraites automatiquement. Nous montrons des resultats de deformation d’objets de synthese (ellipsoides), et des tests de segmentation d’images TDM 3D (SCANNER X) de vertebres a l’aide d’un modele.
Erratum: Evaluation of the efficiency of the macrolactonization using MNBA in the synthesis of erythromycin a aglycon (2010)

of The Chemical Record ! Iron acquisition of graminaceous plants is characterized by the synthesis and secretion of iron-chelating compounds, mugineic acids (MAs), and by a specifi c uptake system for MAs-iron(III) complexes. A transporter, HvYS1 (Hordeum vulgare L. yellow stripe 1) is observed to play a vital role for the uptake of insoluble iron(III). An outline of the characterization of HvYS1, and the recent work on the practical syntheses of MAs and investigations into the molecular basis of the specifi c transport of their iron(III) complexes by HvYS1 is provided. Toward Mechanistic Elucidation of Iron Acquisition in Barley: Effi cient Synthesis of Mugineic Acids and Their Transport Activities
ChemInform Abstract: POLY‐(BIS‐TRIFLUORMETHYLAMINO)‐VERBINDUNGEN, DARST. VON N,N‐BIS‐TRIFLUORMETHYLAMINO‐SUBSTITUIERTEN ALLENEN UND IHRE RK. MIT TRIFLUORNITROSOMETHAN (1970)

Abstract Ein 1:1‐Gemisch aus Allen (I) und dem Bromamin (II) reagiert bei 20°C in der Gasphase zu den Additionsprodukten (III) und (IV), von denen (III) zu dem Allen (V) und dem Acetylen (VI) dehydrobromiert wird.