gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charmonium and e + e − pair photoproduction at mid-rapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76\ \mbox{TeV}$ (2013)

The ALICE Collaboration at the LHC has measured the J/<i>ψ</i> and <i>ψ</i>' photoproduction at mid-rapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at [Formula: see text]. The charmonium is identified via its leptonic decay for events where the hadronic activity is required to be minimal. The analysis is based on an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 23 μb<sup>-1</sup>. The cross section for coherent and incoherent J/<i>ψ</i> production in the rapidity interval -0.9<<i>y</i><0.9, are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The results are compared to theoretical models for J/<i>ψ</i> production and the coherent cross section is found to be in good agreement with those models incorporating moderate nuclear gluon shadowing at Bjorken-<i>x</i> around 10<sup>-3</sup>, such as EPS09 parametrization. In addition the cross section for the process <i>γγ</i>→<i>e</i><sup>+</sup><i>e</i><sup>-</sup> has been measured and found to be in agreement with models implementing QED at leading order.
COAXn: Modular system of powder nozzles for laser beam build-up welding (2003)

The modular cladding system COAXn represents a flexible processing tool for laser cladding applications and guarantees a stable and controllable manufacturing process as well as the highest precision in material deposition. It consists of different powder nozzle bodies, tips, adapters, media supplies, and process monitoring devices, which are compatible among each other. Thus, for various lasers, optics, workpiece geometries, and cladding materials required by the user, an optimum unit can be composed easily. The basic nozzle is designed for a minimum focal length of the laser focusing optic of 70 mm and a rotation-symmetrical as well as rectangular power density distribution. Nozzle inclinations do not influence the powder supply, and even working in three-dimensional space with moving nozzle is possible without any effect on the powder stream. The minimum powder focus is about 1 mm, and the powder efficiency can amount to 90 % when the melt pool is larger than the powder spot. Experiences with up to 6 kW laser power even in long-time operation are there. A number of these cladding units has been established for years in industrial applications of repair and surface protection of aeroengine parts, motor and turbine components as well as different moulds and tools.
Glacial, fluvial and contour-current-derived sedimentation along the northern North Sea margin through the Quaternary (2021)

The thick sequence of Quaternary sediments preserved within the northern North Sea contains important information about the glacial history, palaeo-oceanographic conditions and slope stability of this region during the last 2.6 million years. The interplay between glacial, fluvial and contouritic processes can be determined from seismic stratigraphic studies. Here, seismic horizon, attribute and geomorphological interpretations of an extensive 2D seismic dataset (∼100,000 km2) and two 3D seismic cubes (∼18,400 km2) are integrated with lithological data from eight exploration wells to map sandy sedimentary units. Mapping of seismic horizons and facies reveals that, in addition to prograding glacial sediments derived from the Norwegian mainland, the Quaternary succession includes wedge-shaped units with prograding internal clinoforms building out from the East Shetland Platform, relatively flat-lying units of acoustically stratified sediments within the central northern North Sea, and aggrading to prograding units with low-amplitude internal reflections on the continental slope. The lowermost unit of Quaternary sediment is interpreted as an ∼800 km3 earliest Pleistocene (∼2.6 Ma) turbidite-contourite deposit, in which turbidites derived from a fluvial delta building out from the East Shetland Platform transition seaward into aggrading to prograding sediments of the Shetland Drift. The wedge-shaped units are intercalated with glacigenic sediments in the central northern North Sea, showing that the East Shetland Platform was a major source area for the delivery of coarse-grained sediments during the Early Pleistocene (∼2.6–0.8 Ma). The distribution of units of aggrading to prograding geometries suggests that contourites continued to develop on the continental slope, including on the North Sea trough-mouth fan, throughout the Quaternary. These interpretations constrain a new model for the Quaternary evolution of the northern North Sea that reconciles the development of the eastern and western sides of this margin, and shows the importance of fluvial-deltaic and contouritic sedimentation during periods of reduced glacigenic sediment input. Our model also provides a high-resolution analogue for the sedimentary architectures and seismic facies that can be produced by the interplay of down-slope and along-slope processes on other continental margins.
Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors (2022)

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and several bat coronaviruses use dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as an entry receptor<sup>1-4</sup>. However, the receptor for NeoCoV-the closest known MERS-CoV relative found in bats-remains unclear<sup>5</sup>. Here, using a pseudotype virus entry assay, we found that NeoCoV and its close relative, PDF-2180, can efficiently bind to and use specific bat angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) orthologues and, less favourably, human ACE2 as entry receptors through their receptor-binding domains (RBDs) on the spike (S) proteins. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis revealed an RBD-ACE2 binding interface involving protein-glycan interactions, distinct from those of other known ACE2-using coronaviruses. We identified residues 337-342 of human ACE2 as a molecular determinant restricting NeoCoV entry, whereas a NeoCoV S pseudotyped virus containing a T510F RBD mutation efficiently entered cells expressing human ACE2. Although polyclonal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies or MERS-CoV RBD-specific nanobodies did not cross-neutralize NeoCoV or PDF-2180, an ACE2-specific antibody and two broadly neutralizing betacoronavirus antibodies efficiently inhibited these two pseudotyped viruses. We describe MERS-CoV-related viruses that use ACE2 as an entry receptor, underscoring a promiscuity of receptor use and a potential zoonotic threat.
Coevolution of Leukemia and Host Immune Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2017)

Cumulative studies on the dissection of changes in driver genetic lesions in cancer across the course of the disease have provided powerful insights into the adaptive mechanisms of tumors in response to the selective pressures of therapy and environmental changes. In particular, the advent of next-generation-sequencing (NGS)-based technologies and its implementation for the large-scale comprehensive analyses of cancers have greatly advanced our understanding of cancer as a complex dynamic system wherein genetically distinct subclones interact and compete during tumor evolution. Aside from genetic evolution arising from interactions intrinsic to the cell subpopulations within tumors, it is increasingly appreciated that reciprocal interactions between the tumor cell and cellular constituents of the microenvironment further exert selective pressures on specific clones that can impact the balance between tumor immunity and immunologic evasion and escape. Herein, we review the evidence supporting these concepts, with a particular focus on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a disease that has been highly amenable to genomic interrogation and studies of clonal heterogeneity and evolution. Better knowledge of the basis for immune escape has an important clinical impact on prognostic stratification and on the pursuit of new therapeutic opportunities.
Operating Characteristics of GaAs/InGaP Self Aligned Stripe Lasers (2009)

We demonstrate a novel process for fabrication of GaAs based self-aligned lasers based upon a single overgrowth. A lattice matched n-doped InGaP layer is utilized for both electrical and optical confinement. We present operating characteristics such as external differential quantum efficiency, T-zero and far field as a function of stripe width.
GaAs clean up studied with synchrotron radiation photoemission (2012)

In this contribution we describe the chemical changes at the surface of GaAs upon adsorption of tri-methyl-aluminum (TMA). TMA is used to grow Al2O3 with atomic layer deposition (ALD) usually using H2O as oxygen source. Recently, it was pointed out that the adsorption of TMA on various III-V surfaces reduces the native oxide, allowing the growth of an abrupt III-V/High-K interface with reduced density of defects. Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SR-PES) is a powerful method to characterize surfaces and interfaces of many materials, as it is capable to determine their chemical composition as well as the electronic properties. We performed in-situ SR-PES measurements after exposing a GaAs surface to TMA pulses at about 250°C. Upon using the possibility of tuning the incident photon energy we compared the Ga3d spectra at 41 eV, 71 eV, 91 eV and 121 eV, as well as the As3d at 71 eV and 91 eV. Finally, we show that using SR-PES allows a further understanding of the surface composition, which is usually not accessible with other techniques.
Low-Temperature Soot Incineration of Diesel Particulate Filter Using Remote Nonthermal Plasma Induced by a Pulsed Barrier Discharge (2004)

Regulations regarding automotive diesel engine emissions become more severe every year, and it is difficult to meet the requirements with only combustion improvement techniques. More effective post-processing technology is desired especially for particulate matter (PM), such as carbon soots. Although the use of a ceramic diesel particulate filter (DPF) is now a leading technology for PM removal, the problem exists for the soot removal or regeneration at low temperature, especially at cold start and engine brake operation. In the present study, a regeneration of a DPF is investigated using indirect or remote nonthermal plasma (NTP) method. The NTP-treated air is injected into exhaust gas, and the NO is oxidized to NO/sub 2/. The induced NO/sub 2/ and activated oxygen species are used to incinerate carbon soot deposited on the DPF. It is confirmed experimentally that the pressure drop decreases when the plasma is turned on and the regeneration of the DPF is possible at the low temperature of 300/spl deg/C. The specific energy density is 22 Wh/m/sup 3/ (= 78 J/L). Although the condition of the NTP is not optimized in the present study, further improvement is required in the energy efficiency.
Abstract GS2-03: The androgen receptor is a tumour suppressor in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (2020)

Abstract The Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in up to 90% of primary ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer and high expression of AR is an independent prognostic factor associated with good outcome. Its role in the context of ER+ breast cancer is very controversial and has constrained clinical implementation of new drugs that influence AR activity for treatment of women with this disease, resulting in concurrent clinical trials of opposite AR agonist and antagonist strategies. Herein, using RNA-seq and Chip-seq approaches, we demonstrate that therapeutic activation of AR for treatment of breast cancer leverages a natural regulatory mechanism that inhibits estrogen-stimulated proliferation and induction of cell cycle genes in patient-derived explants (PDE) of primary ER+ breast cancers, and in contemporary in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and cell line xenograft models of ER+ breast cancer resistant to standard-of-care ER targeting agents, including those harbouring genomic aberrations of ESR1. AR-mediated growth inhibition mechanistically involved loss of ER or co-activator p300 recruitment to chromatin at key cell cycle genes, leading to transcriptional down-regulation. A signature of AR activity derived from the xenograft models positively predicted disease survival in multiple large clinical cohorts of ER+ breast cancer, outperforming other breast cancer-specific prognostic signatures. Finally, the combination strategy of a new class of non virilising Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors demonstrated additive effects in our preclinical models. Collectively, these findings provide compelling evidence that AR has a tumour suppressor role in ER+ breast cancer and advocate an AR agonist strategy for treatment, even in the context of therapy-resistant, ESR1 mutant disease, and should dispel widespread confusion over the role of AR in ER-driven breast cancer, an issue that currently hinders progress in leveraging modern AR-targeted therapies, including available SARMs that lack the undesirable side-effects of androgens, for clinical benefit. Citation Format: Elgene Lim, Theresa A Hickey, Luke A Selth, Kee Ming Chia, Heloisa H Milioli, Daniel Roden, Geraldine Laven-Law, Shalini Jindal, Mun Hui, Esmaeil Ebrahimie, Stephen N Birrell, Suzan Stelloo, C. Elizabeth Caldon, Jessica Finlay-Schultz, Tarek M Abdel-Fatah, Ian O Ellis, Willbert Zwart, Carlo Palmieri, Carol A Sartorius, Alex Swarbrick, Jason S Carroll, Wayne D Tilley. The androgen receptor is a tumour suppressor in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS2-03.
Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires (2013)

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.
Self-Managing Systems: A Control Theory Foundation (2005)

The high cost of operating large computing installations has motivated a broad interest in reducing the need for human intervention by making systems self-managing. This paper explores the extent to which control theory can provide an architectural and analytic foundation for building self-managing systems, either from new components or layering on top of existing components. Further, we propose a deployable testbed for autonomic computing (DTAC) that we believe will reduce the barriers to addressing key research problems in autonomic computing. The initial DTAC architecture is described along with several problems that it can be used to investigate.
Human Endogenous Retroviral Long Terminal Repeat Sequences as Cell Type-Specific Promoters in Retroviral Vectors (2009)

The human genome contains more than half a million human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) long terminal repeats (LTRs) that can be regarded as mobile regulatory modules. Many of these HERV LTRs have been recruited during evolution as transcriptional control elements for cellular gene expression. We have cloned LTR sequences from two HERV families, HERV-H and HERV-L, differing widely in their activity and tissue specificity into a murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based promoter conversion vector (ProCon). Various human cell lines were infected with the HERV-MLV hybrid vectors, and cell type-specific expression of the reporter gene was compared with the promoter specificity of the corresponding HERV LTRs in transient-transfection assays. Transcription start site analysis of HERV-MLV hybrid vectors revealed preferential use of the HERV promoter initiation site. Our data show that HERV LTRs function in the context of retroviral vectors in certain cell types and have the potential to be useful as cell type-specific promoters in vector construction.
Voltage and cathode emission mechanisms of a magnetized, constricted, orbiting plasma in helium 6.7–850 Pa (2021)

Abstract We present a semiquantitative description of several important properties of a magnetized cold-cathode plasma in helium over a wide pressure range 6.7–850 Pa. We focus on the ‘constricted orbiting’ mode where the plasma attaches to the cathode as a moving ‘dot’ and the voltage and rate of cathode erosion are both unusually low. We propose that the low plasma voltage and observed motion of the plasma adjacent to the cathode can be attributed to field emission as the source of electrons from the cathode, a process that is aided by the charging of an oxide film by ions. We find that the observed dependence of plasma voltage on pressure is consistent with the assumption that the axial electric field must increase in regions of strong crossed magnetic field to maintain current continuity.
Metabolomics Captures the Biological Signatures of Aging and Health Span and Identifies Pathway Targets for Intervention (2022)

Journal Article Metabolomics Captures the Biological Signatures of Aging and Health Span and Identifies Pathway Targets for Intervention Get access Reyhan Westbrook, PhD, Reyhan Westbrook, PhD Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Corresponding author, Reyhan Westbrook, PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Rm 1A.62, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. E-mail: rwestbr3@jhmi.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter M Abadir, MD Peter M Abadir, MD Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Volume 77, Issue 12, December 2022, Pages 2343–2345, https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac176 Published: 30 August 2022 Article history Received: 23 August 2022 Editorial decision: 24 August 2022 Published: 30 August 2022 Corrected and typeset: 21 September 2022
Evaluation of the effect of Ultra Rice®EDTA supplementation on the soluble iron, visual acceptance and vitamin A stability of commercial milled rice blends (2015)

Summary The addition of NaFe EDTA at only 5% of total iron to ferric pyrophosphate‐fortified Ultra Rice ® increased the in vitro soluble iron ten‐fold. Ultra Rice ® formulated with NaFe EDTA at 2–7% of total iron, or with Na 2 EDTA ·2H 2 O at 0.5× the total iron equivalents, increased the soluble iron seven‐ to thirty‐fold. The colour of the batches was acceptable through 20 weeks at 21 °C, but colour stability needs to be evaluated under authentic storage conditions. Although only 34–46% of the initial vitamin A remained after extrusion, 18‐week storage at 30 °C/70% relative humidity, and simulated cooking, there were indications that losses could be decreased by raising the pH (to ~5) and/or using a better protected vitamin A ingredient. The enhancement of soluble iron afforded by low‐level NaFe EDTA or Na 2 EDTA ·2H 2 O supplementation suggests that this fortification strategy may merit further study as a means of increasing absorbable iron in Ultra Rice ® .
LoWPAN fragment Forwarding and Recovery (2010)

Considering that 6LoWPAN packets can be as large as 2K bytes and that
an 802.15.4 frame with security will carry in the order of 80 bytes of
effective payload, a packet might end up fragmented into as many as 25
fragments at the 6LoWPAN shim layer. If a single one of those
fragments is lost in transmission, all fragments must be resent,
further contributing to the congestion that might have caused the
initial packet loss. This draft introduces a simple protocol to
recover individual fragments that might be lost over multiple hops
between 6LoWPAN endpoints.
Supplementary Table S2 from Identification of a nonkinase target mediating cytotoxicity of novel kinase inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Table S2 from Identification of a nonkinase target mediating cytotoxicity of novel kinase inhibitors
Interference-aware fair rate control in wireless sensor networks (2006)

In a wireless sensor network of N nodes transmitting data to a single base station, possibly over multiple hops, what distributed mechanisms should be implemented in order to dynamically allocate fair and efficient transmission rates to each node? Our interferenceaware fair rate control (IFRC) detects incipient congestion at a node by monitoring the average queue length, communicates congestion state to exactly the set of potential interferers using a novel low-overhead congestion sharing mechanism, and converges to a fair and efficient rate using an AIMD control law. We evaluate IFRC extensively on a 40-node wireless sensor network testbed. IFRC achieves a fair and efficient rate allocation that is within 20-40% of the optimal fair rate allocation on some network topologies. Its rate adaptation mechanism is highly effective: we did not observe a single instance of queue overflow in our many experiments. Finally, IFRC can be extended easily to support situations where only a subset of the nodes transmit, where the network has multiple base stations, or where nodes are assigned different transmission weights.