gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Considerations in the selection of healthcare providers for mothers and children in Bo, Sierra Leone: reputation, cost and location (2012)

The factors that influence the selection of a healthcare provider once the decision to seek care has been made can be summarized using a triad of cost, location and reputation. The goal of this study was to identify which of these factors is the primary consideration when women in urban Bo, Sierra Leone, select a healthcare provider for themselves or their children. We interviewed 1091 mothers during a household census of two neighbourhoods of Bo in April 2010. Reputation was the top consideration for about half of the women, cost was the second most common priority, and the location of the healthcare facility was the primary consideration for less than 7% of the participants. The majority of women said they would select a new provider if cost was not a barrier. Socioeconomic characteristics were not significant predictors of whether cost, location or reputation was selected as the highest-ranked consideration. This evidence for the importance of reputation in healthcare decision-making even in low-resource areas highlights the need for health systems to address issues of quality and responsiveness, and not just cost, in order to increase access to and utilization of health services.
Characterization of the Network Structure of Carbodiimide Cross-Linked Gelatin Gels (1999)

The network structure of native and carbodiimide cross-linked gelatin A and B gels was studied based on their rheological behavior. Gelatin A and B contain different numbers of carboxylic acid groups caused by different preparation conditions and had previously shown different characteristics in controlled release applications. It was evaluated to which extent chemical cross-linking densified the network structure of physical gelatin gels. After normalization of the equilibrium shear modulus (Ge) with respect to swelling (Q), it was observed that the normalized Ge values largely depend on the way gelatin is prepared from collagen. At an equal number of chemical junctions, chemically cross-linked gelatin B gels had a lower elasticity modulus than chemically cross-linked gelatin A gels. This seemed contradictory as gelatin B contains more carboxylic acid groups, available for cross-linking, but is related to a higher probability for intramolecular cross-linking, as was validated quantitatively by chemical and rheological analysis of the number of cross-links. Assuming an ideal network, the average molecular weight of the elastic network chains (Mc) was calculated for physical and chemical gelatin A and B networks, and on the basis of Mc the mesh sizes of the gels were estimated. The calculated mesh sizes were experimentally confirmed by lysozyme and albumin diffusion. Chemical cross-linking increased the resistance of the gels toward thermal degradation, resulting in a more gradual disintegration of physical cross-links upon heating. Moreover, chemical cross-linking prevented recombination of these cross-links upon cooling.
Numerical and Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of Low Temperature Heat Pipe With Two Heaters (1997)

Abstract A study on the operation of a heat pipe with two heat sources has been performed to optimize the heat distribution of two heaters. A numerical modeling is used to predict the temperature profiles for the heat pipe assuming cylindrical two dimensional laminar flow for the vapor, and the conduction heat transfer for the wall and wick. An experimental study using the copper-water heat pipe with a length of 0.45 m has been performed to evaluate the numerical model developed. Temperature profiles at the outer wall and the comparison of temperature distribution for the total heat input range from 29W to 94W are presented. Also the correlation between the heat input and the temperature increase is presented for the optimum distribution on two heaters. The result shows that the outer wall temperature can be controlled by redistribution of heat sources.
Effect of Collateral Flow on Catheter-Based Assessment of Cardiac Microvascular Obstruction (2022)

Cardiac microvascular obstruction (MVO) associated with acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) is characterized by partial or complete elimination of perfusion in the myocardial microcirculation. A new catheter-based method (CoFI, Controlled Flow Infusion) has recently been developed to diagnose MVO in the catheterization laboratory during acute therapy of the heart attack. A porcine MVO model demonstrates that CoFI can accurately identify the increased hydraulic resistance of the affected microvascular bed. A benchtop microcirculation model was developed and tuned to reproduce in vivo MVO characteristics. The tuned benchtop model was then used to systematically study the effect of different levels of collateral flow. These experiments showed that measurements obtained in the catheter-based method were adversely affected such that collateral flow may be misinterpreted as MVO. Based on further analysis of the measured data, concepts to mitigate the adverse effects were formulated which allow discrimination between collateral flow and MVO.
Interleukin‐2 in the development and control of inflammatory disease (2008)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has multiple, sometimes opposing, functions during an inflammatory response. It is a potent inducer of T-cell proliferation and T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 effector T-cell differentiation and provides T cells with a long-lasting competitive advantage resulting in the optimal survival and function of memory cells. In a regulatory role, IL-2 is important for the development, survival, and function of regulatory T cells, it enhances Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death, and it inhibits the development of inflammatory Th17 cells. Thus, in its dual and contrasting functions, IL-2 contributes to both the induction and the termination of inflammatory immune responses.
M&M: Masks and Macs against Physical Attacks (2018)

Cryptographic implementations on embedded systems need to be protected against physical attacks. Today, this means that apart from incorporating countermeasures against side-channel analysis, implementations must also withstand fault attacks and combined attacks. Recent proposals in this area have shown that there is a big tradeoff between the implementation cost and the strength of the adversary model. In this work, we introduce a new combined countermeasure M&amp;M that combines Masking with information-theoretic MAC tags and infective computation. It works in a stronger adversary model than the existing scheme ParTI, yet is a lot less costly to implement than the provably secure MPC-based scheme CAPA. We demonstrate M&amp;M with a SCA- and DFA-secure implementation of the AES block cipher. We evaluate the side-channel leakage of the second-order secure design with a non-specific t-test and use simulation to validate the fault resistance.
SONAR-BASED VOLUMETRIC FLOW AND ENTRAINED AIR MEASURMENT FOR PULP AND PAPER APPLICATIONS (2003)

A sona r-based flow measurement technology for simultaneously measuring volumetric flow rate and volumetric percent of entrained air in paper and pulp slurries is described. The technology utilizes sonar array processing techniques to perform two independent measurements to characterize the process fluid. Firstly, the meter provides mixture volumetric flow by tracking the speed at which naturally occurring turbulent structures convect with the flow past an axial array sensors. The flow meter can be implemented either pressure transducers ported directly to the process fluid or with non-intrusive sensors clamped-on to existing process piping. Secondly, the meter utilizes the same sensors to determine the speed at which naturally occurring sound propagates through the process fluid. The speed of sound measurement provides an accurate and robust measurement of entrained air. Utilizing these two first principles based measurements, the sonar flow meter provides total mixture flow rate, while measuring and correcting for entrained air. Data is presented that demonstrates the ability of the sonar meter to measure flow rates in single phase flows to within 0.5% accuracy for flows ranging from 3 to 20 ft/sec in a wide range of diameters. Calculations are presented demonstrating the link between entrained air and mixture sound speed indicating that the sonar meter can measure entrained air on a real time basis to an accuracy of better than 0.1% by volume.
Concurrent Genotyping and Quantitation of Cytomegalovirus gB Genotypes in Solid-Organ-Transplant Recipients by Use of a Real-Time PCR Assay (2008)

We have developed a real-time genotyping and quantitative PCR (RT-GQ-PCR) assay to genotype cytomegalovirus (CMV) and quantify viral loads simultaneously in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Special minor-groove DNA-binding probes were designed based on sequence polymorphism in the gB gene to increase genotyping specificity for gB1 to gB4. For validation, 28 samples with known genotypes determined by restriction fragment analysis (RFA) and 121 with unknown genotypes were tested. All samples were from SOT patients with CMV viremia. A 100% concordance for genotyping was achieved by using the RT-GQ-PCR with known genotypes determined by RFA. The RT-GQ-PCR identified more cases of CMV infections with mixed genotypes than RFA did. No cross-reaction between genotypes was observed. All four gB genotypes were detected in the 121 samples of unknown genotype. gB1 was the predominant single genotype (n = 61, 50.4%), followed by gB2 (n = 26, 21.0%), gB3, (n = 11, 9.1%), and gB4 (n = 3, 2.5%). Mixed-genotype infections were detected in 17% (20/121) of the samples. Patients with mixed-genotype infections had significantly higher CMV viral loads than those with single-genotype infections (P = 0.019). The RT-GQ-PCR assay was found to be highly sensitive and specific, with a wide dynamic range (2.7 to 10.7 log(10) copies/ml) and very good precision (coefficient of variation, approximately 1.78%). With the prominent feature of concurrent CMV gB genotyping and quantitation in a single reaction, the new assay provides a rapid and cost-effective method for monitoring CMV infection in SOT recipients.
Peripheral nerve injury in developing rats reorganizes representation pattern in motor cortex. (1987)

We investigated the effect of neonatal nerve lesions on cerebral motor cortex organization by comparing the cortical motor representation of normal adult rats with adult rats that had one forelimb removed on the day of birth. Mapping of cerebral neocortex with electrical stimulation revealed an altered relationship between the motor cortex and the remaining muscles. Whereas distal forelimb movements are normally elicited at the lowest threshold in the motor cortex forelimb area, the same stimuli activated shoulder and trunk muscles in experimental animals. In addition, an expanded cortical representation of intact body parts was present and there was an absence of a distinct portion of motor cortex. These data demonstrate that representation patterns in motor cortex can be altered by peripheral nerve injury during development.
Differential Human Renal Tubular Responses to Dopamine Type 1 Receptor Stimulation Are Determined by Blood Pressure Status (1997)

We performed the present studies to determine whether a proximal renal tubular dopamine D1-like receptor defect exists in human essential hypertension. Twenty-four subjects were studied (13 normotensive and 11 hypertensive) in a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study using fenoldopam, a selective D1-like receptor agonist. Subjects were studied in sodium metabolic balance at 300 mEq/d, after which the salt sensitivity of their blood pressure was determined. Fenoldopam at peak doses of 0.1 to 0.2 microgram/kg per minute decreased mean arterial pressure in hypertensive subjects but did not change mean pressure in normotensive subjects. Fenoldopam increased renal plasma flow to a greater extent in hypertensive than normotensive subjects. Fenoldopam increased both urinary and fractional sodium excretions in the hypertensive and normotensive groups. In normotensive but not hypertensive subjects, fenoldopam increased the fractional excretion of lithium and distal sodium delivery. In contrast, both distal fractional sodium reabsorption and sodium-potassium exchange fell significantly in hypertensive subjects. We conclude that human essential hypertension is associated with a reduction in the proximal tubular response to D1-like receptor stimulation compared with normotensive subjects. Hypertensive subjects appear to have a compensatory upregulation of renal vascular and distal tubular D1-like receptor function that offsets the proximal tubular defect, resulting in an enhanced natriuretic response to D1-like receptor stimulation.
Identification of a GTP-bound Rho specific scFv molecular sensor by phage display selection (2008)

We identified an antibody, C1-N1N2, specific for the GTP-bound form of RhoB from a phage library, and confirmed its specificity towards GTP-bound RhoA and RhoC, as well as RhoB. The success of C1-N1N2 in discriminating activated Rho in immunofluorescence studies implies that this new tool, in collaboration with currently used RhoA and B antibodies, has the potential to analyze Rho activation in cell function and tumor development.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis and Characterization of Aminoglycoside Ligands from Diethylenetriamine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Information and Timing in Repeated Partnerships (1988)

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4.7 A 409GOPS/W adaptive and resilient domino register file in 22nm tri-gate CMOS featuring in-situ timing margin and error detection for tolerance to within-die variation, voltage droop, temperature and aging (2015)

8-Transistor (8T) cell 1-read/1-write (1R1W) register files (RF) with domino read and static differential write are critical performance-limiting building blocks in high-performance microprocessor datapaths. The RF operating voltage (V) and frequency (F) are limited by the delay of the precharge-evaluate read critical path. Traditionally, the operating V/F is set to ensure no read timing error across all data access patterns in the RF array in the presence of within-die (WID) parameter (P) variations, and worst-case voltage droops, temperature (T) changes and transistor-aging-induced delay degradations. However, many of these worst-case conditions and events are rare during normal operation. Therefore, these V/F guardbands can severely limit the best-achievable performance and energy efficiency in scaled CMOS process.
Mechanical Properties and Anaerobic Biodegradation of Thermoplastic Starch/Polycaprolactone Blends (2018)

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) has emerged as a readily biodegradable and inexpensive biomaterial that can replace traditional plastics in applications such as food service and packaging. TPS is an abundant, renewable resource with a low processing temperature when compared with other biodegradable polymers. However, TPS has very low strength and it is brittle. Therefore, there is a need to modify it or blend it with other biodegradable polymers to achieve the desired performance. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a rubbery biodegradable plastic that can be used to improve the ductile behavior of TPS. The goal of this research was to determine the viability of TPS as an inexpensive majority component in polymer blends with PCL. A ductile bioplastic that is cost-competitive can promote the use of compostable packaging. This study also evaluated biodegradation through anaerobic digestion under mesophilic (37±2°C) and thermophilic (52±2°C) conditions. Preliminary studies on the anaerobic degradation of PCL revealed that thermophilic degradation conditions were favorable compared to mesophilic conditions. While mesophilic digestion can work when a high percentage of TPS is blended with PCL, thermophilic conditions offer an advantage even at a lower TPS percentage. Addition of TPS improved the biodegradability of PCL significantly, possibly due to increased surface area of PCL exposed after TPS degrades from the blend.
Spatio-Temporal Impact of Hand and Body Blockage for Millimeter-Wave User Equipment Design at 28 GHz (2018)

The recently proposed channel model by the Third Generation Partnership Project for fifth generation New Radio (5G-NR) systems at millimeter- wave carrier frequencies in TR38.901 provides a good starting point for understanding the impact of propagation, material penetration, and blockage in cellular access systems. With this backdrop, the focus of this article is on hand and body blockage which have a significant bearing on user equipment (UE) design and in the practical viability of millimeter-wave systems. Building on TR38.901, we first study hand and body blockage loss with experiments using a 28 GHz experimental prototype that emulates a 5G base station and a form-factor UE. These measurement estimates show that while blockage losses can be substantial, they are significantly lower than the agreed model in TR38.901. We then study the implications of these revised estimates on spherical coverage with the UE. For this, we consider two form-factor UE designs: a face design and an edge design. Our studies show that while both designs are generally comparable in terms of spherical coverage, practical design considerations favor the edge design over the face design. We finally report on the timescales at which blockage events occur and show that given the symbol periods in 5G-NR, it is possible to implement mitigation strategies to overcome blockage (e.g., switch beams at the UE from a blocked path to an unblocked path).
Glucocorticoids Do Not Inhibit Antitumor Activity of Activated CD8+ T Cells (2005)

Glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressive drugs that are generally withheld from cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. We sought to test the hypothesis that glucocorticoids might interfere with the function of cells after adoptive transfer. We gave dexamethasone, a potent synthetic glucocorticoid, to B16 melanoma-bearing mice receiving the adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of pmel-1 T-cell receptor transgenic CD8+ cells. Dexamethasone caused a profound lymphodepletion but, surprisingly, did not alter the antitumor efficacy of ACT-based regimens whether given before, during, or after ACT. Although dexamethasone radically decreased the number of native CD8+ splenocytes in recipient mice, it did not affect the numbers of CD8+ pmel-1 cells derived from ACT in these mice. In vitro proliferation assays revealed acute inhibition of naive pmel-1 CD8+ cells by dexamethasone without significant effect on activated cells. In vitro interferon (IFN)-gamma release from activated pmel-1 CD8+ cells showed partial inhibition by dexamethasone, but this effect was relatively minor when compared with the near-complete inhibition of naive cells. Thus, glucocorticoids had a profound inhibitory effect on naive CD8+ T cells but had little impact on the proliferation and function of activated CD8+ pmel-1 T cells. Finally, because glucocorticoids had no effect on tumor regression in this model, it may be possible to use glucocorticoids in some patients receiving ACT-based immunotherapy regimens.
Downlink power control in co-channel macrocell femtocell overlay (2009)

In this paper, interference mitigation through downlink power control is considered for macrocell Femtocell overlay. Specifically, the strong interference in the downlink from the home base station to a nearby macrocell user should be properly controlled such that the quality-of-service of both the macrocell user and the Femtocell users can be guaranteed. In this work, the fundamental capacity limitation of spatial spectrum sharing among a macrocell user and a Femtocell user is identified. A downlink power control problem is formulated to address the co-channel interference, as well as provide quality-of-service to both the macrocell user and the Femtocell users. The feasibility condition of the problem is derived and both centralized and distributed solutions are provided. Because the co-channel interference are from heterogeneous cells, a joint power control, channel management and admission control procedure is suggested such that the priority of the macrocell users is always ensured. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Multi-color super-resolution imaging to study human coronavirus RNA during cellular infection (2021)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third human coronavirus within 20 years that gave rise to a life-threatening disease and the first to reach pandemic spread. To make therapeutic headway against current and future coronaviruses, the biology of coronavirus RNA during infection must be precisely understood. Here, we present a robust and generalizable framework combining high-throughput confocal and super-resolution microscopy imaging to study coronavirus infection at the nanoscale. Employing the model human coronavirus HCoV-229E, we specifically labeled coronavirus genomic RNA (gRNA) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) via multicolor RNA-immunoFISH and visualized their localization patterns within the cell. The exquisite resolution of our approach uncovers a striking spatial organization of gRNA and dsRNA into three distinct structures and enables quantitative characterization of the status of the infection after antiviral drug treatment. Our approach provides a comprehensive framework that supports investigations of coronavirus fundamental biology and therapeutic effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Selective Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Deallylation of Allylic Amines. Allylamine and Diallylamine as Very Convenient Ammonia Equivalents for the Synthesis of Primary Amines. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Effect of municipal solid waste composting on availability of insoluble phosphate]. (2007)

During municipal solid waste (MSW) composting, both organic acid production and sparingly soluble inorganic phosphate solubilization occur simultaneously. In this study, compost consisted of residual MSW with metal, plastic and glass removed, and sparingly soluble phosphate (ground rock phosphate) was mixed in municipal solid wastes composting. The effects of composting on soluhilization of sparingly soluble phosphate as well as the effects of compost production (P-enriched MSW compost) on soil rapidly available phosphorus were studied. Mixing ground rock phosphate into composting, rapidly available phosphorus increase at initial stage, achieved maximum at medium stage, and stabilize at final stage of MSW composting. At final stage of composting, the content of rapidly available phosphorus in treatment P1 and P2 increase respectively by 0.87 g x kg(-1), 0.76 g x kg(-1) compared with that with no mixing ground rock phosphate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals a number of cavities in ground rock phosphate surface. After compost products amended soil, the content of soil rapidly available phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity of P-enriched MSW compost amendment increase obviously compared with MSW compost, chicken manure compost, and chemical fertilizer amendment during crop duration.