gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder patient-derived neurons predict lithium response (2020)

Abstract Bipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with genetic risk factors defined by recurrent episodes of mania/hypomania, depression and circadian rhythm abnormalities. While lithium is an effective drug for BD, 30-40% of patients fail to respond adequately to treatment. Previous work has demonstrated that lithium affects the expression of “clock genes” and that lithium responders (Li-R) can be distinguished from non-responders (Li-NR) by differences in circadian rhythms. However, rhythm abnormalities in BD have not been evaluated in neurons and it is unknown if neuronal rhythms differ between Li-R and Li-NR. We used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to culture neuronal precursor cells (NPC) and glutamatergic neurons from BD patients and controls. We identified strong circadian rhythms in Per2-luc expression in NPCs and neurons from controls and Li-R. NPC rhythms in Li-R had a shorter circadian period. Li-NR rhythms were low-amplitude and profoundly weakened. In NPCs and neurons, expression of PER2 was higher in both BD groups compared to controls. In neurons, PER2 protein expression was higher in BD than controls, especially in Li-NR samples. In single cells, NPC and neuron rhythms in both BD groups were desynchronized compared to controls. Lithium lengthened period in Li-R and control neurons but failed to alter rhythms in Li-NR. In contrast, temperature entrainment increased amplitude across all groups, and partly restored rhythms in Li-NR neurons. We conclude that neuronal circadian rhythm abnormalities are present in BD and most pronounced in Li-NR. Rhythm deficits in BD may be partly reversible through stimulation of entrainment pathways.
HEADREST POSITION DURING NORMAL DRIVING: IMPLICATIONS TO NECK INJURY RISKS IN REAR CRASHES (1995)

The gap and relative height of headrest behind drivers were determined for 1,915 vehicles approaching an intersection on a two lane road. Vehicle type and headrest adjustment were also evaluated in film of normal driving taken by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Only 10% of drivers had headrests in the most favorable position to prevent neck extension during a rear-end crash. 73% of cars had adjustable headrests, but only a quarter were placed in the up position. 83% of the adjustable headrests could have been raised to better protect the driver. Hyge sled tests were run to determine biomechanical responses for the various conditions observed in normal driving. This included three headrest heights and three gaps behind the head. Neck extension from the Hybrid III dummy was normalized to the response for a high, close headrest, and injury risk was assumed to be proportional to neck extension. The current driving situation has a relative injury risk of 3.4 in rear-end crashes, compared to 1.0 for the favorable condition. If all adjustable headrests were placed in the up position, the relative risk would be lowered to 2.4, a 28.3% reduction in whiplash injury risk. Public education and vehicle design should address the importance of proper headrest placement for driving safety. Language: en
Structure and Action of Molecular Chaperones: Machines that Assist Protein Folding in the Cell (2016)

"This unique volume reviews the beautiful architectures and varying mechanical actions of the set of specialized cellular proteins called molecular chaperones, which provide essential kinetic assistance to processes of protein folding and unfolding in the cell. Ranging from multisubunit ring-shaped chaperonin and Hsp100 machines that use their central cavities to bind and compartmentalize action on proteins, to machines that use other topologies of recognition — binding cellular proteins in an archway or at the surface of a "clamp" or at the surface of a globular assembly — the structures show us the ways and means the cell has devised to assist its major effectors, proteins, to reach and maintain their unique active forms, as well as, when required, to disrupt protein structure in order to remodel or degrade. Each type of chaperone is beautifully illustrated by X-ray and EM structure determinations at near- atomic level resolution and described by a leader in the study of the respective family. The beauty of what Mother Nature has devised to accomplish essential assisting actions for proteins in vivo is fully appreciable."--Publisher's website
Spiking and pulse train dynamics in a neuromimetic micropillar laser (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Processing of information with optical spikes could present an alternative path with a reduced energy consumption. It could also be well suited in the framework of novel brain-inspired computation paradigms. We investigate the spiking and pulse train dynamics in a micropillar laser with integrated saturable absorber. The optically-pumped microcavity laser is based on a specifically optimized design. The solitary laser can emit sub-nanosecond Q-switched pulses above laser threshold. Below threshold, the laser is in the so-called excitable regime, a generic all-or-none kind of response also found in biological neurons. We demonstrate several neuromimetic properties of the micropillar laser including the relative and absolute refractory periods and the temporal summation. The latter gives rise to sensitive and fast coincidence detectors of optical signals. In the configuration with delayed optical feedback, the system is shown experimentally and theoretically to sustain controllable trains of dissipative temporal solitons controlled by adequate optical perturbations. We show that the pulse train can be started or resynchronized (retiming) with a single perturbation and that the system can store a large variety of temporal pulse patterns. We discuss the role of pump noise that may terminate a pulse train. We demonstrate a strong asymmetry in the effect of noise on the switch on and off processes, as well as a peculiar role played by noise timing. Besides its interest as a compact source of controllable pulses, this system can be arranged if needed in arrays leading to interesting prospects for artificial optical neural networks.
Semiconductor Nanocrystals Functionalized with Antimony Telluride Zintl Ions for Nanostructured Thermoelectrics (2010)

The energy efficiency of heat engines could be improved by the partial recovery of waste heat using thermoelectric (TE) generators. We show the possibility of designing nanostructured TE materials using colloidal inorganic nanocrystals functionalized with molecular antimony telluride complexes belonging to the family of Zintl ions. The unique advantage of using Zintl ions as the nanocrystal surface ligands is the possibility to convert them into crystalline metal chalcogenides, thus linking individual nanobuilding blocks into a macroscopic assembly of electronically coupled functional modules. This approach allows preserving the benefits of nanostructuring and quantum confinement while enabling facile charge transport through the interparticle boundaries. A developed methodology was applied for solution-based fabrication of nanostructured n- and p-type Bi(2-x)Sb(x)Te(3) alloys with tunable composition and PbTe-Sb(2)Te(3) nanocomposites with controlled grain size. Characterization of the TE properties of these materials showed that their Seebeck coefficients, electrical and thermal conductivities, and ZT values compared favorably with those of previously reported solution-processed TE materials.
An Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter with a Novel Active Clamp Circuit (2007)

The ultra sparse matrix converter (USMC) is a AC-DC-AC converter that requires only 9 power switches compared to the 18 switches required for a conventional matrix converter. The simplified input switch configuration restricts this converter to unidirectional power flow applications in which the maximum displacement angle between input and output voltages and currents is plusmnpi/6. A novel clamp circuit is therefore used to protect the converter from overvoltages incurred under regeneration conditions. This paper presents the design of a 5.5 kVA USMC which uses space vector modulation in combination with a zero current commutation scheme at the input rectifier stage. The design of the system is detailed and the hardware implementation of the converter is described. Experimental results demonstrate the operation of the clamp circuit and show that the converter draws sinusoidal currents from the input and supplies sinusoidal currents to the output with a conversion efficiency of up to 94%.
Enhanced Charge-Carrier Transport through Shorter Carbon Nanotubes in Organic Photovoltaics (2014)

We demonstrate for the first time the efficiency improvement of organic photovoltaics by the addition of shorter multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) generated by size sorting. The different size MWNTs were generated by size sorting a batch of carboxylated MWNTs and were introduced as charge carriers in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells. As compared to a control with only PCBM, the addition of the long and short MWNT resulted in 12 and 34% improvement in short circuit current density (Jsc) respectively. The results indicate that length of carbon nanotubes is an important consideration in photovoltaic and possibly other nanoelectronic devices.
OKpi: All-KPI Network Slicing Through Efficient Resource Allocation (2019)

Networks can now process data as well as transporting it; it follows that they can support multiple services, each requiring different key performance indicators (KPIs). Because of the former, it is critical to efficiently allocate network and computing resources to provide the required services, and, because of the latter, such decisions must jointly consider all KPIs targeted by a service. Accounting for newly introduced KPIs (e.g., availability and reliability) requires tailored models and solution strategies, and has been conspicuously neglected by existing works, which are instead built around traditional metrics like throughput and latency. We fill this gap by presenting a novel methodology and resource allocation scheme, named OKpi, which enables high-quality selection of radio points of access as well as VNF (Virtual Network Function) placement and data routing, with polynomial computational complexity. OKpi accounts for all relevant KPIs required by each service, and for any available resource from the fog to the cloud. We prove several important properties of OKpi and evaluate its performance in two real-world scenarios, finding it to closely match the optimum.
Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in the rat. (1996)

The primary clinical manifestation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in humans is meningoencephalitis. To study the defense mechanisms that participate in the host response against C. neoformans infection of the central nervous system (CNS), we have developed a new model of cryptococcal meningitis in rats. Intracisternal inoculation of C. neoformans produced a granulomatous meningitis with minimal brain parenchymal involvement, resembling cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent patients. The granulomas were composed of T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and macrophages (CD11b/c+); a subpopulation of the macrophages expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). In this model, C. neoformans disseminated to systemic organs early in the course of infection and provoked granuloma formation and NOS2 expression. The temporal profile of inflammation indicated that the CNS inflammatory response is delayed relative to that in the lung and the spleen, which suggests that the effective inflammatory response within the CNS may follow activation of T cells in the periphery and their subsequent entry into the CNS. Inflammation in the meninges was associated with signs of subpial and subependymal glial activation, including enhanced expression of CD11b/c and CD4 in microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes. Neither cells, however, expressed NOS2. Although C. neoformans invasion to the brain parenchyma was rare, soluble polysaccharide was commonly associated with reactive glial cells. Necrosis was not a feature of C. neoformans granulomas, but, instead, inflammatory cells underwent apoptosis in inflamed organs. The current rat intrathecal cryptococcosis model has several unique advantages for the study of human cryptococcal meningoencephalitis that include close resemblance of histopathologic changes to those in humans, easy accessibility to the cerebrospinal fluid compartment, and no requirement of immunosuppressive agents for establishment of infection.
Numerical gradient-index design for coherent mode conversion (2012)

Objective Advanced Optical Technologies is a strictly peer-reviewed scientific journal. The major aim of Advanced Optical Technologies is to publish recent progress in the fields of optical design, optical engineering, and optical manufacturing. Advanced Optical Technologies has a main focus on applied research and addresses scientists as well as experts in industrial research and development. Advanced Optical Technologies partners with the European Optical Society (EOS). All its 4.500+ members have free online access to the journal through their EOS member account. Topics Optical design Lithography Opto-mechanical engineering Illumination and lighting technology Precision fabrication Image sensor devices Optical materials (polymer based, inorganic, crystalline/amorphous) Optical instruments in life science (biology, medicine, laboratories) Optical metrology Optics in aerospace/defense Simulation, interdisciplinary Optics for astronomy Standards Consumer optics Optical coatings Article formats Tutorial, Review Article, Research Article, Letter, Short Communication, Views > Information on submission process
A reservation mac protocol for ad-hoc underwater acoustic sensor networks (2008)

In this paper we propose a new MAC protocol for ad-hoc underwater acoustic sensor networks that segregates the available bandwidth into a (small) control channel and a (majority bandwidth) data channel. Reservations for main channel time are made by transmission of request-to-Send(RTS) packets on the control channel. The effects of channel segregation are explored and simulation results are presented. We find that such a reservation MAC generally achieves good channel utilization with an optimal control channel bandwidth for a given data bandwidth.
Small form-factor PANDA-type HiBi fiber for sensing applications (2004)

For intrinsic fiber optic sensors such as interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes that use polarization maintaining fibers, performance of the fibers that constitute the sensing coils is a key issue. In general, requirements include small form-factor, good bend performance, tight tolerances on fiber geometry and ability to maintain a single polarization state. Currently, bow-tie or elliptical clad type high birefringence fibers are used in such sensors. This paper deals with the development and characterization of small form-factor (80 &mu;m) PANDA style high birefringence fibers for sensing applications at different wavelengths of interest. The rationale and advantages of the new design are discussed along with geometrical and optical characteristics of one new fiber. Performance data of the fiber in terms of cross-talk variation in the -55 to + 85&deg;C temperature range are presented.
Pulsed-laser transmission by the flexible waveguides (1994)

Several types of lasers CO<SUB>2</SUB> in its pulsed mode and Er-YAG pulsed laser were transmitted by the plastic flexible waveguides which were developed in our laboratory. The pulse transmission was characterized and the connection between the transmission and pulse duration, pause between pulsed and frequency was investigated. It was found, that a longer pausebetween consecutive pulses improve the transmission in the CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser. In the Er-YAG laser the pause between consecutive pulses is long in comparison to the pulse duration in the 3, 5 and 8 Hz mode so there is almost no dependence of transmission on frequency.
A Power Efficiency Metric for Comparing Energy Consumption in Future Wireless Networks in the Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Bands (2022)

Future wireless cellular networks will utilize millimeter-wave and sub-THz frequencies and deploy small-cell base stations to achieve data rates on the order of hundreds of gigabits per second per user. The move to sub-THz frequencies will require attention to sustainability and reduction of power whenever possible to reduce the carbon footprint while maintaining adequate battery life for the massive number of resource-constrained devices to be deployed. This article analyzes power consumption of future wireless networks using a new metric, a figure of merit called the power waste factor ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$W$</tex> ), which shows promise for the study and development of “green G” - green technology for future wireless networks. Using <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$W$</tex> , power efficiency can be considered by quantifying the power wasted by all devices on a signal path in a cascade. We then show that the consumption efficiency factor (CEF), defined as the ratio of the maximum data rate achieved to the total power consumed, is a novel and powerful measure of power efficiency which shows that less energy per bit is expended as the cell size shrinks and carrier frequency and channel bandwidth increase. Our findings offer a standard approach to calculating and comparing power consumption and energy efficiency.
Anticancer immunity induced by a synthetic tumor-targeted CD137 agonist (2021)

Tumor target-dependent CD137 agonism using a novel chemical approach (TICAs) afforded elimination of tumors with only intermittent dosing suggesting potential for a wide therapeutic index in humans. This work unlocks a new path to effective cancer immunotherapy via agonism of TNF superfamily receptors.
Modeling and design of 2-element dual-band ceramic chip handset antennas (2012)

This paper presents the modeling and design of 2-element compact ceramic chip antenna for UMTS/GPS dual-band mobile handset applications. First, the design of ceramic chip monopole integrated with a simple matching circuit will be explained. The radiation characteristics including high gain and total efficiency of the proposed compact antenna element will be presented. Next, 2-element antenna system for dual-band handset design where one antenna element is used for UMTS operation while the another one works as an assisted GPS (A-GPS) antenna will be introduced. Parametric study illustrating the effect of antenna elements separation on the mutual coupling between antenna ports will be analyzed. It has been shown that low mutual coupling is the result of strong current being induced on the 3D monopole placed inside high density dielectric ceramic pad. Mobile handset applications of the proposed compact 2-element antenna system will be discussed in the details at the Conference.
Formation of air bubbles during compaction of a granular pack (2008)

When loosely packed granular material in a long tube is tapped, the material collapses into a more dense state. For fine-grained material and with interstitial air present, this compaction occurs as waves of apparent avalanches transport the grains to a lower height. We find that these avalanches are due to a train of air bubbles rising within the material. We investigate how the formation of bubbles depends on the tilt angle of the tube, the size of granular particles, and the pressure of the interstitial gas between the particles. We estimate the interaction between the air and the granular medium that is necessary for the bubbles to form. The estimates are in quantitative agreement with our experimental observations.
Reactogenicity, Safety, and Serological and Cellular Immunogenicity of a Booster Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Prototype, Variant, and Bivalent Vaccines (2022)

Abstract Waning immunity after two SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations and the emergence of variants precipitated the need for booster doses. We evaluated safety and serological and cellular immunogenicity through 6 months after a third mRNA vaccination in adults who received the mRNA-1273 primary series in the Phase 1 trial approximately 9 to 10 months earlier. The booster vaccine formulations included 100 mcg of mRNA-1273, 50 mcg of mRNA-1273.351 that encodes Beta variant spike protein, and bivalent vaccine of 25 mcg each of mRNA-1273 and mRNA-1273.351. A third dose of mRNA vaccine appeared safe with acceptable reactogenicity. Vaccination induced rapid increases in binding and neutralizing antibody titers to D614G, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants that persisted through 6 months post-boost, particularly after administration of Beta-containing vaccines. Spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells increased to levels similar to those following the second dose. Boost vaccination induced broad and durable humoral and T cell responses. ClinicalTrials.gov numbers NCT04283461 (mRNA-1273 Phase 1) and NCT04785144 (mRNA-1273.351 Phase 1)
Peptidomimetic inhibitors of TMPRSS2 block SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture (2022)

The transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) primes the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein for host cell entry and represents a promising target for COVID-19 therapy. Here we describe the in silico development and in vitro characterization of peptidomimetic TMPRSS2 inhibitors. Molecular docking studies identified peptidomimetic binders of the TMPRSS2 catalytic site, which were synthesized and coupled to an electrophilic serine trap. The compounds inhibit TMPRSS2 while demonstrating good off-target selectivity against selected coagulation proteases. Lead candidates are stable in blood serum and plasma for at least ten days. Finally, we show that selected peptidomimetics inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Spike-driven pseudovirus entry and authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection with comparable efficacy as camostat mesylate. The peptidomimetic TMPRSS2 inhibitors also prevent entry of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Delta and Omicron BA.1. In sum, our study reports antivirally active and stable TMPRSS2 inhibitors with prospects for further preclinical and clinical development as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other TMPRSS2-dependent viruses.
Crack-Free High-Brightness InGaN∕GaN LEDs on Si(111) with Initial AlGaN Buffer and Two LT-Al Interlayers (2007)

We report the fabrication of low-cost, high-brightness, and crack-free blue light-emitting diodes on substrates with initial buffer and two low-temperature (LT) interlayers. With current injection, it was found that the LED forward voltages were 3.5 and for the horizontal and vertical LEDs, respectively. It was also found that output power of the blue horizontal blue LED prepared on Si substrate was about .
Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects (2008)

The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) annually undertakes several independent research and development (IRAD) projects.These projects serve to (1) support feasibility studies investigating whether further work by the SEI would be