gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sigmoiside F and Propyloxyamyrin, Two New Triterpenoid Derivatives from Erythrina sigmoidea (Fabaceae) (2008)

A new triterpenoid saponin, olean-12-ene-3β ,19β ,24-triol-3-O-β -D-glucopyranoside, named sigmoiside F and a new triterpenoid, 3β -n-propyloxy-β -amyrin, were isolated from the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Erythrina sigmoidea. Their structures were characterized by chemical and spectral analysis.
Geometrically Protected Resonance Modes and Optical Fano Resonances (2015)

Traditionally, photonic crystal slabs can support resonances that are strongly confined to the slab but also couple to external radiation. However, when a photonic crystal slab is placed on a substrate, the resonance modes become less confined, and as the index contrast between slab and substrate decreases, they eventually disappear. Using the scale structure of the Dione Juno butterfly wing as an inspiration, we present a low-index zigzag surface structure that supports resonance modes even without index contrast with the substrate. The zigzag structure supports resonances that are contained away from the substrate; this geometrically protects the modes from coupling to the substrate. We experimentally verify the protected resonance property of the zigzag structure in the visible wavelength regime. Potential applications include substrate-independent structural color and light guiding.
Traceless Immobilization of Analytes for High-Throughput Experiments with SAMDI Mass Spectrometry (2018)

Label-free assays, and particularly those based on the combination of mass spectroscopy with surface chemistries, enable high-throughput experiments of a broad range of reactions. However, these methods can still require the incorporation of functional groups that allow immobilization of reactants and products to surfaces prior to analysis. In this paper, we report a traceless method for attaching molecules to a self-assembled monolayer for matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (SAMDI) mass spectrometry. This method uses monolayers that are functionalized with a 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyl-diazirine group that liberates nitrogen when irradiated and gives a carbene that inserts into a wide range of bonds to covalently immobilize molecules. Analysis of the monolayer with SAMDI then reveals peaks for each of the adducts formed from molecules in the sample. This method is applied to characterize a P450 drug metabolizing enzyme and to monitor a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling chemical reaction and is important because modification of the substrates with a functional group would alter their activities. This method will be important for high-throughput experiments in many areas, including reaction discovery and optimization.
Exploring cell death mechanisms by analyzing signaling cascades of the TNF/NGF receptor family. (1996)

The ability of ligands of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family to induce death of cells independently of new protein synthesis provides a unique approach to molecular analysis of programmed cell death mechanisms. Sequential analysis of the protein-protein interactions by which these receptors signal, allows identification of specific molecules that participate in the cell death process and unequivocal definition of cause-effect relationships between them. Several receptors of this family, with structurally unrelated intracellular domains, have the ability to trigger cell death. some intracellular proteins that bind to the receptors and participate in the induction of their effects have been identified. Association of the Fas/APO1-interacting protein MORT1/FADD with the p55 TNF receptor-interacting protein TRADD, and the association of both MORT1/FADD and TRADD with a third protein, RIP, provide potential cross-talk mechanisms between Fas/APO1 and the p55 TNF receptor. TRAF2, a cytoplasmic protein that binds to the p75 TNF receptor, as well as to several other receptors of the TNF/NGF family, also binds to TRADD, thus further extending the range of receptors of this family that can share common signaling mechanisms. The N-terminal part of MORT1/FADD binds to a protease of the CED3/ICE family, MACH alpha. Activation of MACH alpha by the TNF/NGF receptors appears to be the most upstream enzymatic activity in the cascade of signaling for cell death.
A Comparison of Received Signal Strength Statistics between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Bands for WLAN-Based Indoor Positioning (2015)

In this paper we study a fingerprinting-based multi-storey indoor positioning system using Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements. The presented system analysis is based on an extensive measurement campaign including 6 large multi-storey buildings from two different European countries. First, RSS measurement statistics at two different frequency bands, 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, are compared. The RSS statistics are studied especially from the positioning point of view, including both floor-wise and inter-floor radio propagation analysis. Based on the obtained results, it is shown that the RSS measurements at the 5 GHz band have significantly higher propagation losses especially in the vertical direction compared to the measurements at the 2.4 GHz band. The difference of positioning performance between the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands is then studied as the average 3D positioning error and the floor detection probability and results are provided separately for each considered building. The results imply that the positioning performance at the 2.4 GHz is still considerably better compared to the 5 GHz band, but with possible coverage improvements in the future, the 5 GHz band seems to suit well for the positioning purposes.
New caulindoles from Raputia simulans Kallunki (2009)

Genus Raputia Aubl. comprises 10 species of neotropical Rutaceae in the subtribe Cuspariinae. R. simulans Kallunki occurs in the upper Amazon basin of Brazil, Colombia and Peru [1]. Due to the rarity of the genus and the complicated taxonomy amongst similar genera (Raputia and Neoraputia), no actual phytochemical study of the genus Raputia has been reported to date. In continuation of our previous studies concerning the phytochemical investigation of the dichloromethane root extract of Raputia simulans Kallunki [2], we report herein the isolation and characterization of new caulindole-type bisindole alkaloids (1–3).
Producing High-Purity Silicon With Sodium (1982)

Simple technique for producing silicon for solar cells employs solid sodium to reduce silicon fluoride. Since solid rather than liquid sodium is used, careful temperature control is unnecessary, and simple feed equipment is used. Technique is energy-efficient, since reaction produces enough heat to sustain itself.
Development of Continuous Surfactin Production from Potato Process Effluent by Bacillus subtilis in an Airlift Reactor (2002)

The biosurfactant surfactin has the potential to aid in the recovery of subsurface organic contaminants (environmental remediation) or crude oils (oil recovery). However, high medium and purification costs limit its use in these high-volume applications. In previous work, we showed that surfactin can be produced from an inexpensive low-solids (LS) potato process effluent with minimal amendments or pretreatments. Previous research has also shown that 95% or more of the surfactin in Bacillus subtilis cultures can be recovered by foam fractionation. In this work, we present the results of research to integrate surfactin production with foam fractionation. Experiments were performed in an airlift reactor, with continuous collection of the foam through a tube at the top of the column. Preliminary results using both purified potato starch and unamended low-solids potato process effluent as substrates for surfactin production indicate that the process is oxygen limited and that recalcitrant indigenous bacteria in the potato process effluent may hamper continuous surfactin production.
Ozonolytic Cleavage of Cyclohexene to Terminally Differentiated Products: Methyl 6‐Oxohexanoate, 6,6‐Dimethoxyhexanal, Methyl 6,6‐Dimethoxyhexanoate (2003)

Abstract Ozonolytic cleavage of cyclohexene to terminally differentiated products: Methyl 6‐oxohexanoate, 6,6‐dimethoxyhexanal, methyl 6,6‐dimethoxyhexanoate product: 6,6‐dimethoxyhexanal product: methyl 6‐oxohexanoate product: methyl (6,6‐dimethoxy)hexanoate
ISH NIA OS-04 P2X3 RECEPTOR ACTIVITY IN THE CAROTID BODY (CB) OF SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE (SH) RATS CONTRIBUTES TO INCREASED CHEMOREFLEX HYPERSENSITIVITY AND HYPERTENSION (2016)

Objective: Arterial hypertension is associated with increases in both peripheral chemoreceptor reflex sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). We have shown that CB resection in SH rats reduces arterial pressure (AP; McBryde et al. 2013). Since P2X3 receptors exist in the rat CB and P2X3 receptor activity is associated with afferent hyperreflexia (Ford et al. 2015), we hypothesized that P2X3 receptor would be upregulated in the CB of SH vs normotensive (Wistar) control rats and that a selective P2X3 receptor antagonist (AF-219) would reduce chemoreflex hypersensitivity, AP and SNA in SH rats. Design and Method: SH and Wistar rats were implanted with radio-telemetry devices to record AP and renal SNA (RSNA) in conscious animals. Animals were infused with AF-219 (8 mg/kg/h) or vehicle i.v. for 1 h. The CB was stimulated with sodium cyanide (120 μg/kg i.v.). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed the level of expression and localisation of P2X3 receptor protein in the CB, respectively. Results: In the CB, P2X3 receptor protein was upregulated four fold in SH vs Wistar rat (P < 0.05). Glomus cells of SH rat (identified as expressing tyrosine hydroxylase) and afferent nerve fibres were immunopositive for P2X3 receptors. In contrast, in Wistar rats, glomus cells expressing P2X3 receptors were fewer and P2X3 was not detected in nerve fibres. Infusion of AF-219 reduced: CB hyperreflexia (P < 0.05); AP (systolic −28 ± 3mmHg; P < 0.001) and RSNA (34%; P < 0.01). No changes in chemoreflex sensitivity, AP or RSNA were detected after vehicle or AF-219 infusion in Wistar rats. Conclusions: We surmise that upregulation of P2X3 receptors in the CB of SH rats contributes to chemoreflex hypersensitivity. Further, antagonism of P2X3 receptors lowers both AP and RSNA substantially in SH rats. Thus, P2X3 receptor antagonists may provide a novel way to attenuate CB over-activity and offer a novel approach for controlling hypertension. Supported by: Afferent Pharmaceuticals
Effect of SiO2 Film Deposition on the Ferroelectric Properties of a Pt/Pb(Zr, Ti)O3/Pt Capacitor (1997)

The degradation of the ferroelectric properties of a Pt/Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 /Pt capacitor due to the back-end process of the ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) device fabrication process is studied with particular reference to the interlayer dielectric (ILD) and its passivation. The SiO 2 film for the ILD layer was deposited by two methods: electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR CVD) using SiH 4 / N 2 O gas and atmospheric pressure thermal CVD using tetra ethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS) and O 3 ( O 3 -TEOS CVD). The ECR CVD-SiO 2 deposition at temperatures higher than 300° C severely damaged the ferroelectric properties of the Pt/Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 /Pt capacitor. However, when the SiO 2 film was deposited at temperatures lower than 250° C by ECR CVD, the nonvolatile remnant polarization of a capacitor with an area of 100×100 µ m 2 was found to be about 10 µ C/cm 2 , which makes this a valuable ILD process for FRAM fabrication. The ferroelectric property degradation of the Pt/Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 /Pt capacitor by the O 3 -TEOS SiO 2 was less severe than that of the ECR CVD-SiO 2 . The ferroelectricity of the capacitors damaged by the SiO 2 film deposition was recovered by post-annealing.
A normative framework for the study of second-order sensitivity in vision (2014)

While the contrast sensitivity approach has been successful in evaluating the processing of first-order stimuli, there is a need to develop comparable ways of assessing second-order vision. Our purpose here is to establish normative data on second-order contrast-, orientation-, and motion-modulation sensitivity in humans. We propose a unified framework, applying the quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) method, which was recently developed for the rapid measurement of contrast sensitivity across the full spatial-frequency range (Lesmes, Lu, Baek, & Albright, 2010), to measure both first- and second-order sensitivity functions. We first show that the qCSF methodology can be successfully adapted to different kinds of first- and second-order measurements. We provide a normative dataset for both first- and second-order sensitivity, and we show that the sensitivity to all these stimuli is equal in the two eyes. Our results confirm some strong differences between first- and second-order processing, in accordance with the classical filter-rectify-filter model. They suggest a common contrast detection mechanism but different second-order mechanisms.
Identification of radiative transitions in highly porous silicon (1993)

The authors report time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy of highly porous silicon. Their results show that the luminescence is due to localized quantum-confined excitons in undulating crystalline silicon wires. The resonantly excited photoluminescence spectrum exhibits satellite structure due to momentum-conserving phonons of crystalline silicon. This provides a clear signature of the crystalline-silicon electronic band structure. The spin states of the localized exciton are split by the electron-hole exchange interaction. This splitting is manifested both in the strong dependence of the luminescence lifetime on temperature, and as an energy gap in the resonantly excited photoluminescence spectrum. The experimental splitting is in good agreement with the value calculated for a localized exciton in crystalline silicon.
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-Methyl 5-cyano-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanoate (2005)

The title nitrile, C 13 H 19 NO 6 , a formal oxidation product, was unexpectedly isolated during hydrogenation of an azide precursor in the presence of palladium black.
Flg22-Triggered Immunity Negatively Regulates Key BR Biosynthetic Genes (2015)

In plants, activation of growth and activation of immunity are opposing processes that define a trade-off. In the past few years, the growth-promoting hormones brassinosteroids (BR) have emerged as negative regulators of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), promoting growth at the expense of defense. The crosstalk between BR and PTI signaling was described as negative and unidirectional, since activation of PTI does not affect several analyzed steps in the BR signaling pathway. In this work, we describe that activation of PTI by the bacterial PAMP flg22 results in the reduced expression of BR biosynthetic genes. This effect does not require BR perception or signaling, and occurs within 15 min of flg22 treatment. Since the described PTI-induced repression of gene expression may result in a reduction in BR biosynthesis, the crosstalk between PTI and BR could actually be negative and bidirectional, a possibility that should be taken into account when considering the interaction between these two pathways.
Quantitative analysis on optical properties of human atherosclerosis by using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (2008)

In this research, we have used an algorithm to extract four different optical parameters, including the scattering coefficient (&mu;<sub><i>s</i></sub>), effective anisotropy factor (g<sub><i>off</i></sub>), birefringence coefficient (&Delta;n), and fast-axis angle (&beta;) from polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) images. The proposed method was evaluated from a set of phantoms and it yielded valid results. We demonstrate that the optical characteristic of normal and different kinds of atherosclerotic lesions in human vessel can be quantitatively described. Whether change in these quantified optical properties could be used to discriminate between different types of human atherosclerotic plaques was examined.
Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging using Plenoptic Information (2019)

We present a passive technique for recovering the conventional imagery of a non-line- of-sight scene using the spatial and angular components of the scattered light field along a homogeneous surface.
Scaling Optical Networks through SDM Technologies (2019)

The long-term scaling disparity between CMOS processing capabilities (driven by Moore's Law and affording ~40%/year growth in processing capabilities) and high-speed communications technologies (electrical and optical transmission, affording only ~20%/year growth in per-lane interface rates) has led to rather worrisome technology scalability problems, from chip-to-chip interconnects to transoceanic fiber-optic cables. Massive parallelism in the form of space-division multiplexing (SDM) is the only long-term sustainable and techno-economically attractive solution, across all communications scenarios affected by scalability concerns. In its broadest sense, SDM can be defined as ‘the use of spatial multiplicity beyond the deployment of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$M$</tex> individual systems for an M-fold capacity increase’ and includes aspects such as array integration, waveguide integration, power management in parallel systems, and logical channel partitioning/routing. In this tutorial, we review the scaling of optical communication systems from chip-to-chip interconnects to submarine cables, taking into account all available classical (and quantum) degrees of freedom. We combine basic Shannon (and Gordon) capacity scaling with technological and engineering limitations to arrive at practically relevant directions for SDM research and commercial product developments.
Centres involving two vacancies in diamond (1999)

Abstract Electron and neutron irradiation of diamond produces a wide variety of different EPR defect centres. The definitive establishment of the vacancy (neutral and negatively charged), the nearest neighbour di-vacancy (R4/W6) and a nearest neighbour pair of ⟨100⟩ split interstitials (R1) form some starting points, from which to begin to understand what some of the other centres are; by comparison of 13C hyperfine interactions, and by studying changes in relative concentrations after isochronal annealing. The concentration of R4/W6 rises at temperatures below those at which vacancies are mobile and the intensity of GR1 begins to fall. This suggests that other centres, present at lower temperatures, involve a pair of vacancies, as well as interstitials, and that when they anneal out, they lose the interstitial and end up as R4/W6. Speculations are made about some of the unidentified centres. Key Words: DiamondElectron irradiation induced defectsEPRDi-vacancies
Semiconducting organic polymers as hole-transport layer in solid-state dye sensitized solar cells: comprehensive insights from femtosecond transient spectroscopy and device optimization (2012)

Device optimization and ultrafast absorption spectroscopic investigations on the role of semiconducting polymer as hole-transport layer in solid-state dye sensitized solar cells suggest their dual role of dye-regeneration and light-antenna assisting in improved photoconversion-efficiencies.
Bromodeoxyuridine Labeling and Flow Cytometric Identification of Replicating Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells: Lengths of Cell Cycle Phases and Population Variability at Specific Cell Cycle Positions (1991)

An immunofluorescent staining procedure has been developed to identify, with flow cytometry, replicating cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) into the DNA. Incorporation of BrdUrd is made possible by using yeast strains with a cloned thymidine kinase gene from the herpes simplex virus. An exposure time of 4 min to BrdUrd results in detectable labeling of the DNA. The BrdUrd/DNA double staining procedure has been optimized and the flow cytometry measurements yield histograms comparable to data typically obtained for mammalian cells. On the basis of the accurate assessment of cell fractions in individual cell cycle phases of the asynchronously growing cell population, the average duration of the cell cycle phases has been evaluated. For a population doubling time of 100 min it was found that cells spend in average 41 min in the replicating phase and 24 min in the G2+M cell cycle period. Assuming that mother cells immediately reenter the S phase after cell division, daughter cells spend 65 min in the G1 cell cycle phase. Together with the single cell fluorescence parameters, the forward-angle light scattering intensity (FALS) has been determined as an indicator of cell size. Comparing different temporal positions within the cell cycle, the determined FALS distributions show the lowest variability at the beginning of the S phase. The developed procedure in combination with multiparameter flow cytometry should be useful for studying the kinetics and regulation of the budding yeast cell cycle.
LARC-13 polyimide adhesive bonding (1979)

The development of an addition-curing polyimide adhesive suitable for low pressure bonding without the generation of volatiles during cure is reported. LARC-13 is designed for bonding of polyimide matrix composites and of titanium to be used above 500 F, and is based on an oligomeric bis-nadimide which allows its processing at 50 psi or less, making it suitable for the bonding of fragile honeycomb sandwich structures. Few volatiles are evolved during its cure allowing large enclosed structures to be bonded, and it has high room and elevated temperature strengths and good strength retention after short terms up to 1100 F. LARC-13 was successfully used to bond the outer and inner skins of a polyimide/graphite wing shear panel for 500 F use, and for a short-term exposure up to 1100 F. Preparation of the adhesive, bonding, aging, and testing of lap shear and honeycomb samples are discussed.
RACECAR (2012)

High-performance computing systems increasingly combine multi-core processors and heterogeneous resources such as graphics-processing units and field-programmable gate arrays. However, significant application design complexity for such systems has often led to untapped performance potential. Application designers targeting such systems currently must determine how to parallelize computation, create device-specialized implementations for each heterogeneous resource, and determine how to partition work for each resource. In this paper, we present the RACECAR heuristic to automate the optimization of applications for multi-core heterogeneous systems by automatically exploring implementation alternatives that include different algorithms, parallelization strategies, and work distributions. Experimental results show RACECAR-specialized implementations achieve speedups up to 117x and average 11x compared to a single CPU thread when parallelizing computation across multiple cores, graphics-processing units, and field-programmable gate arrays.
Ambient Networks – The Consequence of Convergence (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Convergence Leading Towards Ambient Networks Realization of Convergence Converged All-IP Networks Network Convergence with the IP Multimedia Subsystem Towards Ambient Networks Motivation for a New Approach Architectural Requirements for Ambient Networks Summary