gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Uterine Cervix: Tissue Sampling and Laboratory Methods Affect Correlations Between Infection Rates and Dysplasia (1992)

Two common tissue sampling techniques--colposcopic biopsy and cervical scrape--and two common human papillomavirus (HPV) detection techniques--Southern blot and dot blot (SB and ViraPap [VP])--were compared to determine whether differences in these techniques alter correlations between "oncogenic" HPVs and cervical neoplasia. In 87 women with persistently abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, concurrent biopsy and scrape specimens contained HPV in 21 (24%) and contained no HPV in 26 (30%); 30 scrape specimens (34.5%) tested positive when the biopsy tested negative and 10 (11.5%) scrape specimens tested negative when the biopsy tested positive (overall concordance, 54%). Concordance for the most prevalent HPVs (16/18) was 59%. In carcinoma in situ, HPV was found in biopsy samples significantly more frequently than in scrape specimens: 17 of 23 (75%) biopsy samples versus 9 of 23 (39%) scrape specimens (P = 0.018). Conversely, in mild or no dysplasia, 0 of 42 biopsy samples tested positive for HPV 16/18 compared with 12 of 42 scrape specimens (29%; P = 0.0001). Of 229 specimens analyzed by SB and VP, 43 (19%) tested positive and 148 (65%) tested negative for HPV by both methods (concordance, 84%). Corroborative results indicated that 29 of 35 (83%) VP-positive SB-negative results were truly positive compared with none of three SB-positive VP-negative results. Both the cervical sampling technique and the method for HPV detection can significantly affect statistical correlations between cervical dysplasia and HPV type.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aromatic Version of Claisen Rearrangement of Lactonic Silyl Enolates. A New Access to Potential Intermediates for Eudesmane Type of Sesquiterpenes. (1987)

Abstract The nitrile (Ia), obtained from 2,6‐dimethylcyclohexanone and acrylonitrile, is transformed into the hydroxy acid (III).
Flexible optical transceivers (2018)

Optical networks, for 400G and beyond, require flexibility and agility from network elements, especially from coherent transceivers. Higher baud rates are made possible using new electrooptic technologies. Multi-dimensional modulation formats provide improved tolerance to noise and fiber nonlinearities. Constellation shaping further improves these tolerances while allowing a finer granularity in selection of capacity. Frequency division multiplexing also provides improved tolerance to the nonlinear characteristics of fiber. Algorithms with reduced computation complexity allow the implementation at-speed of direct precompensation of nonlinear propagation effects. FlexEthernet and FlexOTN allow network operators to optimize capacity on their optical transport networks.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (HOFs): A New Class of Porous Crystalline Proton‐Conducting Materials (2016)

Two porous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) based on arene sulfonates and guanidinium ions are reported. As a result of the presence of ionic backbones appended with protonic source, the compounds exhibit ultra-high proton conduction values (σ) 0.75× 10(-2) S cm(-1) and 1.8×10(-2) S cm(-1) under humidified conditions. Also, they have very low activation energy values and the highest proton conductivity at ambient conditions (low humidity and at moderate temperature) among porous crystalline materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). These values are not only comparable to the conventionally used proton exchange membranes, such as Nafion used in fuel cell technologies, but is also the highest value reported in organic-based porous architectures. Notably, this report inaugurates the usage of crystalline hydrogen-bonded porous organic frameworks as solid-state proton conducting materials.
Enabling technologies for 10 Tb/s transmission capacity and beyond (2002)

Owing to S-band optical amplifiers, high spectral efficiency MUX/DEMUX technologies and advances in transmission fiber, 10 Tb/s DWDM transmission experiments have been achieved. Key technologies and issues for 10 Tb/s transmission are reviewed.
Frictional Characteristics of Sand and Sand-Deicer Mixtures on Bare Ice (1997)

Frictional characteristics of sand and sand-deicer mixtures were investigated as functions of temperature, gradation, and application rate. Results of a laboratory cold-room study in which sliding friction was measured with a British pendulum tester are described. Four temperatures, three sand gradations, four brine concentrations, and four sand-application rates were investigated. All tests were performed on an ice sheet in a cold room, where sand temperatures were maintained close to ice temperatures. Three categories of materials were tested: sand alone, sand-salt mixtures, and sand-brine mixtures. Results showed that sand-brine mixtures outperformed the other two, with significantly greater sliding friction. Two brine concentrations were found suitable in two temperature ranges. Below −12°C, 2.5 percent brine (by weight) gave good results with a fine sand (passing the No. 30 U.S. sieve but retained on the No. 50 sieve) at a sand application rate of 1 g over a test area of 100 × 200 mm, with a sand-to-brine ratio of 1:1 by weight. This rate is equivalent to field application of 183 kg of sand per lane-km. Friction was achieved by generating a bond between sand and ice by using a low-concentration brine (2.5 percent by weight). At temperatures above −12°C, satisfactory results also were obtained with 25 percent brine mixed with the same sand at a ratio of 2:1 by weight. In this case, friction was increased by roughening the ice surface with a higher-concentration brine (25 percent by weight).
Energy Management-as-a-Service Over Fog Computing Platform (2015)

By introducing microgrids, energy management is required to control the power generation and consumption for residential, industrial, and commercial domains, e.g., in residential microgrids and homes. Energy management may also help us to reach zero net energy (ZNE) for the residential domain. Improvement in technology, cost, and feature size has enabled devices everywhere, to be connected and interactive, as it is called Internet of Things (IoT). The increasing complexity and data, due to the growing number of devices like sensors and actuators, require powerful computing resources, which may be provided by cloud computing. However, scalability has become the potential issue in cloud computing. In this paper, fog computing is introduced as a novel platform for energy management. The scalability, adaptability, and open source software/hardware featured in the proposed platform enable the user to implement the energy management with the customized control-as-services, while minimizing the implementation cost and time-to-market. To demonstrate the energy management-as-a-service over fog computing platform in different domains, two prototypes of home energy management (HEM) and microgrid-level energy management have been implemented and experimented.
Global HA to HA protocol (2006)

This HAHA protocol extends MIPv6 [15] and NEMO [16] to remove their
link layer dependencies on the Home Link and distribute the HAs at IP
layer. Global HAHA considers the distribution at the scale of the
Internet, and introduces the MIP proxy for Local Mobility Management
and Route Optimization in the Infrastructure.
Targeted Synthesis of a Zeolite with Pre‐established Framework Topology (2019)

Given their great potential as new industrial catalysts and adsorbents, the search for new zeolite structures is of major importance in nanoporous materials chemistry. However, although innumerable theoretical frameworks have been proposed, none of them have been synthesized by a priori design yet. We generated a library of diazolium-based cations inspired from the organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) recently reported to give two structurally related zeolites (PST-21 and PST-22) under highly concentrated, excess-fluoride conditions and compared the stabilization energies of each OSDA cation in ten pre-established hypothetical structures. A combination of the ability of the OSDA selected in this way with the excess-fluoride approach has allowed us to crystallize PST-30, the targeted aluminosilicate zeolite structure. We anticipate that our approach, which aims to rationally couple computational predictions of OSDAs with an experimental setup, will advance further development in the synthesis of zeolites with desired properties.
Stability and gasoil cracking behavior of SAPO 37. Possibilities for octane enhancement (1990)

Three samples of SAPO 37 with different Si content have been synthesized. The elimination of TPA and TMA, and the stability of the remaining material when exposed to moisture at room temperature, have been studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. The cracking of gasoil has been carried out on calcined and steamed samples. The full product distribution in the gasoline, as well as the selectivities to gasoline and gases, and total conversion can be explained on the basis of a topological model.
A 128-channel diamond quantum memory array integrated in a microphotonic chip (2020)

We experimentally demonstrate the integration of 128 waveguide-coupled diamond spin qubits with aluminum nitride photonics. This large-scale, tunable, efficient and optically coherent multi-qubit platform sets the stage for high-rate entanglement distribution in a large quantum network.
Fiber-modified adenoviral vector expressing the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand gene from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2005)

The new RGD modified vector Ad/TRAIL-F/RGD could become a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC, adenovirus resistant tumors, and CAR low or negative cancer cells.
MR Assessment of Normal Fetal Lung Volumes: A Literature Review (2010)

The articles were analyzed for differences in methodology and disparities in reported normal lung volumes by gestational age. Overall, there is substantial variability among studies regarding reported normal fetal lung volumes as measured on MRI.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Understanding reaction mechanisms in heterogeneously catalysed reactions (2021)

Heterogeneous catalysis lies at the heart of the chemical and fuel manufacturing industries and hence is a cornerstone of many economies. Many of the commercially operated heterogeneous catalysts have remained basically unchanged for decades, undergoing small but important optimisation of their formulations. Yet we all acknowledge that there is a continuous drive towards improved catalysts or designing new ones. At the heart of these studies has been the need to gain an improved understanding of the reaction mechanism for these important reactions since this can unlock new ways to improve catalyst design and, of course, the ultimate aim is to design catalysts based on the detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism. These advanced studies have been aided in the last decade by two key factors, namely: (a) access to advanced characterisation techniques based on synchrotron methods and aberration-corrected microscopy that can probe the nature of the active site, and (b) the application of high-level computational methods to understand how the reactants and products interact at the active site. In this paper this theme will be explored using two examples to bring out the complexity in gaining an understanding of a reaction mechanism. Using the zeolite H-ZSM-5 as an example of a single site catalyst, the mechanism of the conversion of methanol to the first hydrocarbon carbon-carbon bond will be discussed. In this section the use of model reactants and reaction probes will be used to try to differentiate between different mechanistic proposals. The second example explores the use of gold catalysts for CO oxidation and acetylene hydrochlorination. In both these examples the importance of advanced characterisation and theory will be highlighted.
Incoherent Dual Laser Carriers Enable 60-GHz Millimeter-Wave-Over-Fiber Link (2020)

Remote heterodyne of incoherent dual laser carriers enables local-oscillator-free 60- GHz MMWoF link for delivering 10-Gbit/s 16-QAM OFDM data over 25-km single-mode-fiber and 3-m free-space with 1.7-dB signal-to-noise ratio enhancement via Volterra series nonlinear noise compensation.
Quantitative proton-decoupled 31 P MRS and 1 H MRS in the evaluation of Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases (1998)

Previously described failure of global energy metabolism in HD was not confirmed. However, quantitative 1-hydrogen MRS and decoupled 31-phosphorus MRS are sensitive to +/-10% alterations in key cerebral metabolites, and may be of value in noninvasive monitoring of appropriate therapies.
Synthesis of misfolded glycoprotein dimers through native chemical ligation of a dimeric peptide thioester (2016)

Glycoprotein quality control processes are very important for an efficient production of glycoproteins and for avoiding the accumulation of unwanted toxic species in cells. These complex processes consist of multiple enzymes and chaperones such as UGGT, calnexin/calreticulin, and glucosidase II. We designed and synthesized monomeric and dimeric misfolded glycoprotein probes. Synthetic homogeneous monomeric glycoproteins proved to be useful substrates for kinetic analyses of the folding sensor enzyme UGGT. For a concise synthesis of a bismaleimide-linked dimer, we examined double native chemical ligation (dNCL) of a dimeric peptide-α-thioester. The dNCL to two equivalents of glycopeptides gave a homodimer. The dNCL to a 1 : 1 mixture of a glycopeptide and a non-glycosylated peptide gave all the three possible ligation products consisting of two homodimers and a heterodimer. Both the homodimer bearing two Man9GlcNAc2 (M9) oligosaccharides and the heterodimer bearing one M9 oligosaccharide were found to be good substrates of UGGT.
Inverter nonlinearity effects in high frequency signal injection-based, sensorless control methods (2004)

An analysis of PWM inverter nonlinearities influencing high frequency carrier signal voltage injection for saliency-tracking-based rotor/flux position estimation is presented in this paper. Distortion of the injected carrier voltage caused by the nonlinear behavior of the inverter has been reported to cause errors in the estimated rotor/flux position. Though a number of techniques have been developed to compensate for inverter nonlinearities, they have not been proven to be effective when a high frequency, low magnitude voltage needs to be generated. Both the origins of the distortion as well as the requirements for compensation methods to be effective when producing such high frequency voltages is established in this paper.
PKA regulatory subunit 1A inactivating mutation induces serotonin signaling in primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (2016)

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent hypercortisolism. The disease is primarily caused by germline mutations of the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit 1A (<i>PRKAR1A</i>) gene, which induces constitutive activation of PKA in adrenocortical cells. Hypercortisolism is thought to result from PKA hyperactivity, but PPNAD tissues exhibit features of neuroendocrine differentiation, which may lead to stimulation of steroidogenesis by abnormally expressed neurotransmitters. We hypothesized that serotonin (5-HT) may participate in the pathophysiology of PPNAD-associated hypercortisolism. We show that PPNAD tissues overexpress the 5-HT synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase type 2 (Tph2) and the serotonin receptors types 4, 6, and 7, leading to formation of an illicit stimulatory serotonergic loop whose pharmacological inhibition in vitro decreases cortisol production. In the human PPNAD cell line CAR47, the PKA inhibitor H-89 decreases 5-HT<sub>4</sub> and 5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptor expression. Moreover, in the human adrenocortical cell line H295R, inhibition of <i>PRKAR1A</i> expression increases the expression of Tph2 and 5-HT<sub>4/6/7</sub> receptors, an effect that is blocked by H-89. These findings show that the serotonergic process observed in PPNAD tissues results from PKA activation by <i>PRKAR1A</i> mutations. They also suggest that Tph inhibitors may represent efficient treatments of hypercortisolism in patients with PPNAD.
Modified LDD Device Structures VLSI (1985)

Abstract : In LDD-like MOSFET structures previously studied, narrow, self- aligned n- regions are introduced between the channel and the n+ source-drain regions. In this paper, we describe a new n-MOS device structure which attempts to overcome some of the reliability problems of LDD devices. Instead of a pure n- region, we introduce a short-channel JFET under the sidewall oxide at the drain end in series with the intrinsic MOSFET. Both 2-D device simulations and experimental results are shown to demonstrate the operation of this device and its potential for VLSI applications.
Detection of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) oligomers as initial intermediate species during aggregate formation (2019)

Aggregates of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein) are a hallmark of the overlapping neurodegenerative disorders amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. The process of TDP-43 aggregation remains poorly understood, and whether it includes formation of intermediate complexes is unknown. Here, we analyzed aggregates derived from purified TDP-43 under semidenaturing conditions, identifying distinct oligomeric complexes at the initial time points before the formation of large aggregates. We found that this early oligomerization stage is primarily driven by TDP-43's RNA-binding region. Specific binding to GU-rich RNA strongly inhibited both TDP-43 oligomerization and aggregation, suggesting that RNA interactions are critical for maintaining TDP-43 solubility. Moreover, we analyzed TDP-43 liquid-liquid phase separation and detected similar detergent-resistant oligomers upon maturation of liquid droplets into solid-like fibrils. These results strongly suggest that the oligomers form during the early steps of TDP-43 misfolding. Importantly, the ALS-linked TDP-43 mutations A315T and M337V significantly accelerate aggregation, rapidly decreasing the monomeric population and shortening the oligomeric phase. We also show that aggregates generated from purified TDP-43 seed intracellular aggregation detected by established TDP-43 pathology markers. Remarkably, cytoplasmic aggregate seeding was detected earlier for the A315T and M337V variants and was 50% more widespread than for WT TDP-43 aggregates. We provide evidence for an initial step of TDP-43 self-assembly into intermediate oligomeric complexes, whereby these complexes may provide a scaffold for aggregation. This process is altered by ALS-linked mutations, underscoring the role of perturbations in TDP-43 homeostasis in protein aggregation and ALS-FTD pathogenesis.
Renal calculi: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and medical therapy. (1992)

Selective medical therapy of nephrolithiasis is highly effective in preventing new stone formation. A remission rate of greater than 80% and an overall reduction in individual stone formation rate of greater than 90% can be obtained in patients with nephrolithiasis. In patients with mild to moderate severity of stone disease, virtually total control of stone disease can be achieved with a remission rate of greater than 95%. The need for stone removal may be dramatically reduced by an effective prophylactic program (Fig 6). Selective pharmacological therapy of nephrolithiasis also encompasses the advantages of overcoming nonrenal complications as well as averting certain side effects that may be caused by nonselective medical therapy. Despite these advantages, it is clear that selective medical therapy cannot provide total control of stone disease. A satisfactory response requires continued, dedicated compliance by patients to the recommended program and a commitment by the physician to provide long-term follow-up and care.
A single dose of zoledronate preserves bone mineral density for up to 2 years after a second course of romosozumab (2020)

A zoledronate follow-on regimen can maintain robust BMD gains achieved with romosozumab treatment.
Partitioned Distortion Mitigation in LTE Radio Uplink to Enhance Transmitter Efficiency (2015)

This paper proposes a partitioned distortion mitigation technique for both the transmitter and receiver sides of a radio link. The proposed method compensates for the phase nonlinearity at the transmitter side using phase digital predistortion (DPD) and mitigates the amplitude nonlinearity at the receiver side by analyzing the cumulative distribution function of the received signal. The channel effects are also considered and are equalized before the amplitude nonlinearity compensation in the receiver. The performance of the distributed distortion compensation technique is compared, in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM), adjacent channel power ratio, and power efficiency (PE), with current DPD methods. Measurement results show that the proposed partitioned distortion mitigation approach provided an EVM of 1.1% for long-term evolution signals, compared to 2.4% for the conventional power back-off (BO), 2.9% for overdriven digital predistortion (OD-DPD), and 0.48% for complex DPD techniques. The PE significantly improved from 15.8% and 17.9% for the conventional BO and OD-DPD, respectively, to 23% using the proposed method. The bit error rate values at the receiver for the proposed method compare favorably with those of the DPD and phase-only DPD methods.
Imaging biophysics of axonal transport with MEMRI: Optic tract transport is altered in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (2009)

Recent evidence implicates transport defects in neurodegeneration, epilepsy, and glaucoma. The oriented neuronal projections from the retinal ganglion cells in the optic tract proved an excellent system in which to detect the effects of genetics or disease on axonal transport. Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) allows tracing of neuronal tracts in the optic tract of living animals, which thus offers the potential to measure the dynamics of axonal transport over time in genetically controlled animals (1, 2). We previously reported in timelapse MRI of intensity changes along the optic tract that Mn^(++) transports more slowly in the optic tract of mice with a genetic knock-out
of the kinesin light chain gene (3). Conventional kinesin is the cellular motor thought to mediate a portion of axonal transport. This result demonstrated that MEMR imaging is sensitive enough to detect transport differences between genetically distinct mice. Here we report the effect of genetic manipulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) on Mn^(++) transport by time-lapse T1-weighted slab images acquired at 6 min intervals over the course of 3.0 hr after injection of Mn^(++) into the posterior chamber of the eye. We tested 16 mo old mice expressing a human APP mutant protein known to cause Alzheimer's disease (SwAPP) and their wildtype littermates (TTA)(4). At this age, this mutant mouse strain has Alzheimer's-type plaques in the brain.