gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CXCL14 is an autocrine growth factor for fibroblasts and acts as a multi-modal stimulator of prostate tumor growth (2009)

This study explored the role of secreted fibroblast-derived factors in prostate cancer growth. Analyses of matched normal and tumor tissue revealed up-regulation of CXCL14 in cancer-associated fibroblasts of a majority of prostate cancer. Fibroblasts over-expressing CXCL14 promoted the growth of prostate cancer xenografts, and increased tumor angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that autocrine CXCL14-stimulation of fibroblasts stimulate migration and ERK-dependent proliferation of fibroblasts. CXCL14-stimulation of monocyte migration was also demonstrated. Furthermore, CXCL14-producing fibroblasts, but not recombinant CXCL14, enhanced in vitro proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells and in vivo angiogenesis. These studies thus identify CXCL14 as a novel autocrine stimulator of fibroblast growth and migration, with multi-modal tumor-stimulatory activities. In more general terms, our findings suggest autocrine stimulation of fibroblasts as a previously unrecognized mechanism for chemokine-mediated stimulation of tumor growth, and suggest a novel mechanism whereby cancer-associated fibroblasts achieve their pro-tumorigenic phenotype.
Cavity-enhanced-spectroscopy using room-temperature quantum cascade lasers (2004)

Cavity enhanced spectroscopic techniques employing quantum cascade lasers typically require liquid nitrogen cooling to obtain high powers. However, here we demonstrate for the first time pulsed-cavity enhanced spectroscopy using a room temperature QC laser.
Controlled, Selective III/V Nanowire Heteroepitaxy (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Cavity optomechanical bistability with an ultrahigh reflectivity photonic crystal membrane (2022)

Photonic crystal (PhC) membranes patterned with sub-wavelength periods offer a unique combination of high reflectivity, low mass, and high mechanical quality factor. We demonstrate a PhC membrane that we use as one mirror of a Fabry-Perot cavity with finesse as high as $F=35,000(500)$, corresponding to a record high PhC reflectivity of $R=0.999835(6)$. The fundamental mechanical frequency is 426 kHz, more than twice the optical linewidth, placing it firmly in the resolved-sideband regime. The mechanical quality factor in vacuum is $Q=1.1(1)\times 10^6$, allowing us to achieve values of the single-photon cooperativity as high as ${\cal C}_0=6.6\times10^{-3}$. We easily see optomechanical bistability as hysteresis in the cavity transmission. As the input power is raised well beyond the bistability threshold, dynamical backaction induces strong mechanical oscillation above 1~MHz, even in the presence of air damping. This platform will facilitate advances in optomechanics, precision sensing, and applications of optomechanically-induced bistability.
Optical properties of selectively oxidized vertical cavity laser with depleted optical thyristor structure (2006)

The authors show that the optical properties of selectively oxidized vertical cavity lasers with a depleted optical thyristor structure have a low threshold current and high sensitivity to input optical light. The oxidized thyristor laser clearly shows a nonlinear s-shaped current-voltage and lasing characteristics. A switching voltage of 5.24V, a holding voltage of 1.50V, and a very low threshold current of 0.65mA are measured, making these devices attractive for optical processing applications.
Local Reactivity of Charybdotoxin, a K+ Channel Blocker (1998)

Charybdotoxin (ChTX) is a 37-residue polypeptide that has been extensively used in site-directed mutagenesis experiments as a template to deduce models for the external pore appearance of K+ channels. The microscopic details of the ChTX−channel interaction, however, remain as a challenge for experimental and theoretical approaches. In this work, regional charge-transfer abilities, measured by chemical softness, s(r), are used as companion properties of the electrostatic potential, V(r), in the search for a qualitative structure−function relationship in the ChTX−K+ channel interaction. Both quantities were obtained with an ab initio methodology in massively parallel computers. In the analysis of s(r) and V(r), regions of the size of amino acids were considered because this is the appropriate scale to correlate with site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The correspondence between experimentally identified crucial amino acids sites and regional softnesses indicates that charge transfer to ChTX could be one of the main stabilization effects in the ChTX−channel complex. Also, it provides an explanation for the strong dependence of the dissociation constant of the complex on mutations of crucial amino acids. In addition, it is shown to be feasible to find structure−function relationships by combining local reactivity parameters and experimental data involving site directed mutagenesis.
Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Simulated Hypovolemia in Essential Hypertension (2019)

Hypertension is associated with raised cerebral vascular resistance and cerebrovascular remodeling. It is currently unclear whether the cerebral circulation can maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF) during reductions in cardiac output (CO) in hypertensive patients thereby avoiding hypoperfusion of the brain. We hypothesized that hypertension would impair the ability to effectively regulate CBF during simulated hypovolemia. In the present study, 39 participants (13 normotensive, 13 controlled, and 13 uncontrolled hypertensives; mean age±SD, 55±10 years) underwent lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at -20, -40, and -50 mmHg to decrease central blood volume. Phase-contrast MR angiography was used to measure flow in the basilar and internal carotid arteries, as well as the ascending aorta. CBF and CO decreased during LBNP (<i>P</i><0.0001). Heart rate increased during LBNP, reaching significance at -50 mmHg (<i>P</i><0.0001). There was no change in mean arterial pressure during LBNP (<i>P</i>=0.3). All participants showed similar reductions in CBF (<i>P</i>=0.3, between groups) and CO (<i>P</i>=0.7, between groups) during LBNP. There was no difference in resting CBF between the groups (<i>P</i>=0.36). In summary, during reductions in CO induced by hypovolemic stress, mean arterial pressure is maintained but CBF declines indicating that CBF is dependent on CO in middle-aged normotensive and hypertensive volunteers. Hypertension is not associated with impairments in the CBF response to reduced CO.
45nm low-power CMOS SoC technology with aggressive reduction of random variation for SRAM and analog transistors (2008)

Mobile system-on-chip (SoC) technologies require high-quality analog active and passive components along with low-power CMOS and dense SRAM. However, area scaling for both the SRAM bit cell and analog CMOS circuits is becoming increasingly difficult due to the impact of transistor random variation. To avoid added cost, co-optimizing the process for low random variation along with high performance and low power is required. We report a 45 nm lowpower technology with significantly reduced random variation for high yielding 0.255 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SRAM arrays and analog transistors. Flexible RF and passive components for mobile SoCpsilas are also described. These process techniques enable continued 50% area scaling at 45 nm and beyond.
MATRIX SPECTROSCOPY OF THE PROPARGYL RADICAL AND PROPARGYL PEROXYL RADICAL (2004)

Author Institution: Dept. Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder; Dept. Chemistry, Center for Renewable Chemical Technologies \& Materials
Chemokine Receptors in the Brain: Hierarchical Expression by Subsets of Neurons (2020)

The physiological roles of chemokines in leukocyte physiology as chemoattrac-tants and activators of cellular processes involved in various aspects of inflammation and immunity has been well established. Immunohistochemical analysis of cerebral cortex, midbrain structures, brain stem, and spinal cord revealed immunohistochemical staining of endothelial cells lining thin-walled blood vessels and choroid plexus, but the absence of reactivity with neurons and glial cells. The vast majority of neurons that expressed interleukin-8 receptor B (IL-8RB) had morphological features characteristic of projection neurons. In addition, cells in the anterior pituitary also demonstrated strong immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody to IL-8RB. Parallel immunohistochemical analysis of brain and spinal cord tissues was performed using monoclonal antibodies to the specific (IL-8RA) and shared (IL-8RB) receptors for IL-8. The association of IL-8RB with the neuritic component of Alzheimer’s disease provides further rationale to postulate that IL-8 and/or melanoma growth stimulating activity may promote regenerative responses in neurons.
Rapid neurogenesis through transcriptional activation in human stem cells (2014)

Advances in cellular reprogramming and stem cell differentiation now enable ex vivo studies of human neuronal differentiation. However, it remains challenging to elucidate the underlying regulatory programs because differentiation protocols are laborious and often result in low neuron yields. Here, we overexpressed two Neurogenin transcription factors in human-induced pluripotent stem cells and obtained neurons with bipolar morphology in 4 days, at greater than 90% purity. The high purity enabled mRNA and microRNA expression profiling during neurogenesis, thus revealing the genetic programs involved in the rapid transition from stem cell to neuron. The resulting cells exhibited transcriptional, morphological and functional signatures of differentiated neurons, with greatest transcriptional similarity to prenatal human brain samples. Our analysis revealed a network of key transcription factors and microRNAs that promoted loss of pluripotency and rapid neurogenesis via progenitor states. Perturbations of key transcription factors affected homogeneity and phenotypic properties of the resulting neurons, suggesting that a systems-level view of the molecular biology of differentiation may guide subsequent manipulation of human stem cells to rapidly obtain diverse neuronal types.
Discovery Of Time Series Event Patterns Based On Time Constraints From Textual Data (2008)

This paper proposes a method that discovers time series event patterns from textual data with time information. The patterns are composed of sequences of events and each event is extracted from the textual data, where an event is characteristic content included in the textual data such as a company name, an action, and an impression of a customer. The method introduces 7 types of time constraints based on the analysis of the textual data. The method also evaluates these constraints when the frequency of a time series event pattern is calculated. We can flexibly define the time constraints for interesting combinations of events and can discover valid time series event patterns which satisfy these conditions. The paper applies the method to daily business reports collected by a sales force automation system and verifies its effectiveness through numerical experiments.
Closed-loop spurious tone reduction for self-healing frequency synthesizers (2011)

On-chip spurious tone detection and correction in an 8-12 GHz CMOS synthesizer is used to automatically reduce spurious output tones at different offset frequencies by up to 20dB. Using synchronous detection, sensitivity is limited by detection time only. The presented methods are generally applicable to frequency synthesizers and phased-locked loops in various applications.
Energy transfer mechanism in Gd/sub 2/(SiO/sub 4/)O:Ce scintillators (1994)

The scintillation decay of cerium-doped gadolinium oxyorthosilicate Gd/sub 2/(SiO/sub 4/)O:Ce is lengthened by the energy transfer from Gd to Ce. To investigate the role of the Gd in the scintillation processes, the Gd was partially replaced by optically inactive rare earth elements, Y and Lu, and the effective transfer rates from Gd to Ce were measured as a function of Gd and Ce concentrations using UV- and gamma-ray excitations. The data clearly indicate the dilution of the Gd by the Y and the Lu further lengthens the migration time through the Gd in the energy transfer process from Gd to Ce.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: The Mechanism of Formation of Grignard Reagents: Trapping of Free Alkyl Radical Intermediates by Reaction with Tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl. (1989)

Abstract In the presence of the free radical scavenger (II), Mg, and tert.‐amyl alcohol the sum of the yields of (III) and (IV) accounts for &gt; 90%, the product ratio depending on the initial concentration of (II).
The Impact of Real Estate Tax on Housing Prices (2014)

Based on the panel data of real estate tax and house price of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2012,this paper studies the relationship between real estate tax and house price by stationarity analysis,co-integration test and regression analysis. The results show that the real estate tax has a U-shaped effect on housing prices. That is,the real estate tax can effectively inhibit the rise in housing price in the short term,but real estate tax leads to the rise in house price in the long term. At the same time,the impact of real estate tax on housing price has significant regional differences. And the effects of different types of real estate tax on housing prices are also different. Finally,this study presents recommendations on reform of current real estate tax.
Adiabatic theorem and continuous coupled-mode theory for efficient taper transitions in photonic crystals (2002)

We prove that an adiabatic theorem generally holds for slow tapers in photonic crystals and other strongly grated waveguides with arbitrary index modulation, exactly as in conventional waveguides. This provides a guaranteed pathway to efficient and broad-bandwidth couplers with, e.g., uniform waveguides. We show that adiabatic transmission can only occur, however, if the operating mode is propagating (nonevanescent) and guided at every point in the taper. Moreover, we demonstrate how straightforward taper designs in photonic crystals can violate these conditions, but that adiabaticity is restored by simple design principles involving only the independent band structures of the intermediate gratings. For these and other analyses, we develop a generalization of the standard coupled-mode theory to handle arbitrary nonuniform gratings via an instantaneous Bloch-mode basis, yielding a continuous set of differential equations for the basis coefficients. We show how one can thereby compute semianalytical reflection and transmission through crystal tapers of almost any length, using only a single pair of modes in the unit cells of uniform gratings. Unlike other numerical methods, our technique becomes more accurate as the taper becomes more gradual, with no significant increase in the computation time or memory. We also include numerical examples comparing to a well-established scattering-matrix method in two dimensions.
Dissociable multi-scale patterns of development in personalized brain networks (2022)

The brain is organized into networks at multiple resolutions, or scales, yet studies of functional network development typically focus on a single scale. Here, we derive personalized functional networks across 29 scales in a large sample of youths (n = 693, ages 8-23 years) to identify multi-scale patterns of network re-organization related to neurocognitive development. We found that developmental shifts in inter-network coupling reflect and strengthen a functional hierarchy of cortical organization. Furthermore, we observed that scale-dependent effects were present in lower-order, unimodal networks, but not higher-order, transmodal networks. Finally, we found that network maturation had clear behavioral relevance: the development of coupling in unimodal and transmodal networks are dissociably related to the emergence of executive function. These results suggest that the development of functional brain networks align with and refine a hierarchy linked to cognition.
Soundly Located: Programmable Sounds to Assist Localization in Visual Impaired Sport (2014)

Abstract—The Interactive Ball (“I-Ball”) is a programmable tonal soccer ball equipped with a speaker and microphone. Compared to rattle or beeper-based tonal balls, it allows for arbitrary and sensor-adaptive outputs. As a sporting aid for low-vision, this makes participation in team sports more accessible. By being programmable, the participation can be tailored to the individual. It then begs the question of “what tone to play? ” This paper presents an exploitative evaluation of tone bandwidth (i.e., a narrow-band “ping ” or a broad-band “rustle ” sound) and tone volume (quiet to load) in environments with increasing with levels of white background noise with a focus on the ball (source) localization. This was evaluated with blindfolded subjects in an acoustic source localization task (au-dible angle perception). Initial show that while the narrow-band tone had better (more accurate angle localization) performance in some select cases, the broad-band “rustle ” sound had better performance in general, especially in high noise, which is in keeping with a cross-correlation mechanism for localization. Output levels are more nuanced than direct signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) maximization. They show that louder sounds (higher SNR) is not always better and similarly more noise (lower SNR) is not always worse. This suggests that to aid interaction, that the nature of the tones generated by an interactive aid should factor external factors so as to better aid perceptual localization performance. I.
Venetoclax response is enhanced by selective inhibitor of nuclear export compounds in hematologic malignancies (2020)

The selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds selinexor (KPT-330) and eltanexor (KPT-8602) are from a novel class of small molecules that target exportin-1 (XPO1 [CRM1]), an essential nucleo-cytoplasmic transport protein responsible for the nuclear export of major tumor suppressor proteins and growth regulators such as p53, p21, and p27. XPO1 also affects the translation of messenger RNAs for critical oncogenes, including MYC, BCL2, MCL1, and BCL6, by blocking the export of the translation initiation factor eIF4E. Early trials with venetoclax (ABT-199), a potent, selective inhibitor of BCL2, have revealed responses across a variety of hematologic malignancies. However, many tumors are not responsive to venetoclax. We used models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) to determine in vitro and in vivo responses to treatment with venetoclax and SINE compounds combined. Cotreatment with venetoclax and SINE compounds demonstrated loss of viability in multiple cell lines. Further in vitro analyses showed that this enhanced cell death was the result of an increase in apoptosis that led to a loss of clonogenicity in methylcellulose assays, coinciding with activation of p53 and loss of MCL1. Treatment with SINE compounds and venetoclax combined led to a reduction in tumor growth in both AML and DLBCL xenografts. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections revealed that the reduction in tumor cells was partly the result of an induction of apoptosis. The enhanced effects of this combination were validated in primary AML and DLBCL patient cells. Our studies reveal synergy with SINE compounds and venetoclax in aggressive hematologic malignancies and provide a rationale for pursuing this approach in a clinical trial.
A MODEL FOR HEATING of LIQUID‐PARTICLE MIXTURES IN A CONTINUOUS FLOW OHMIC HEATER1 (1992)

ABSTRACT Design of safe thermal processes in a continuous flow ohmic heater requires mathematical model development, since temperature monitoring of particles in continuous flow is not presently possible. A mathematical model previously developed and verified for a static heater was modified to predict temperatures of fluids and particles within a continuous heater with high particle concentration suspensions. Results for constant voltage simulations indicate that the presence of large populations of low electrical conductivity particles results in slow heating of the entire mixture rather than a single phase alone. In all these cases, particles tend to heat faster than the liquid. However, if isolated low‐conductivity particles enter the system, the danger of underprocessing exists; hence particle conductivity is a critical control point. Simulations also indicate the role played by residence time distribution and liquid‐particle heat transfer coefficients in the above cases.
New Modeling Method and Design Optimization for a Soft-Switched DC–DC Converter (2017)

High-performance cloud computing enables many key future technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), self-driving vehicle, big data analysis, and the Internet of things (IoT), using clustered CPU and GPU servers in the datacenter. To improve the power efficiency and the infrastructure flexibility, the computing industry is adopting 54 VDC to power the servers in the open compute racks. In this paper, a new modeling technique for a soft-switched dc-dc converter is presented and suitable to guide optimal design in different applications, for example, 54 V to point of load (PoL) for the new open compute rack. To improve the model accuracy and reduce the complexity, this paper proposes a reduced-order linear differential equation (LDE) based modeling technique to discover the following: 1) the tank resonance involving the output inductor; 2) the output current ripple and its impact on power efficiency; 3) the proper on-time control for soft switching; 4) the unique bleeding mode under the heavy load; 5) the output power capability of the converter; and 6) component tolerance analysis and impact on the performance of the converter. With the power loss estimation, design guidelines are provided for a reference design and design improvement based on this new modeling technique. Using the proposed method, great accuracy can be expected in the efficiency estimation. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the modeling technique in a 54-1.2 V 25 A dc-dc converter prototype.
Kinetically controlled vapor-diffusion synthesis of novel nanostructured metal hydroxide and phosphate films using no organic reagents (2005)

Nanostructured Co5(OH)8Cl2·3H2O, Co5(OH)8(NO3)2·2H2O, Co5(OH)8SO4·2H2O, Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2·2H2O, Cu2(OH)3(NO3) and Mn3(PO4)2·7H2O thin films have been prepared using a kinetically controlled vapor-diffusion method. Vectorial control by diffusion of ammonia as a base catalyst into an aqueous metal salt solution yields large area (2 cm2) metal hydroxide and metal phosphate films with unique structures. No supporting substrate for growth of the films is necessary in this approach. The films were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The cobalt containing films were studied in more detail using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure and various chemical analysis techniques. For the first time the electronic properties and crystal structure of these materials could be studied in thin films not influenced by the presence of an underlying substrate. For Co5(OH)8(NO3)2·2H2O films, which crystallize in a layered hydrotalcite-like structure that is homogeneous from the nanoscale to the macroscale, unprecedented photoconductivity properties were observed. Resistivity measurements show that this material is a p-type semiconductor with an unusually long minority carrier lifetime and high carrier density.