gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand interaction with the purified serotonin transporter in solution and at the air/water interface (2000)

The purified serotonin transporter (SERT) was spread at the air/water interface and the effects both of its surface density and of the temperature on its interfacial behavior were studied. The recorded isotherms evidenced the existence of a stable monolayer undergoing a lengthy rearrangement. SERT/ligand interactions appeared to be dependent on the nature of the studied molecules. Whereas an unrelated drug (chlorcyclizine) did not bind to the spread SERT, it interacted with its specific ligands. Compared to heterocyclic drugs, for which binding appeared to be concentration-dependent, a 'two-site' mechanism was evidenced for pinoline and imipramine.
Intimate monolithic integration of chip-scale photonic circuits (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a robust monolithic integration technique for fabricating photonic integrated circuits comprising optoelectronic devices (e.g., surface-illuminated photodetectors, waveguide quantum-well modulators, etc.) that are made of completely separate epitaxial structures and possibly reside at different locations across the wafer as necessary. Our technique is based on the combination of multiple crystal growth steps, judicious placement of epitaxial etch-stop layers, a carefully designed etch sequence, and self-planarization and passivation steps to compactly integrate optoelectronic devices. This multigrowth integration technique is broadly applicable to most III-V materials and can be exploited to fabricate sophisticated, highly integrated, multifunctional photonic integrated circuits on a single substrate. As a successful demonstration of this technique, we describe integrated photonic switches that consume only a 300 /spl times/300 /spl mu/m footprint and incorporate InGaAs photodetector mesas and InGaAsP/InP quantum-well modulator waveguides separated by 50 /spl mu/m on an InP substrate. These switches perform electrically-reconfigurable optically-controlled wavelength conversion at multi-Gb/s data rates over the entire center telecommunication wavelength band.
The Dynamics of Accumulating Ferrofluid Aggregates (2008)

The physics of steady and pulsatile flows laden with superparamagnetic nanoparticles in a square channel accumulating under the influence of a 0.5 Tesla permanent magnet are studied by means of focused shadowgraphs. The accumulation physics of these nanoscale particles is explored as functions of the flow type (steady and unsteady) and accumulation type (injected from the top of channel versus bottom of channel). Ferrofluid is accumulated by the steady injection of a streakline that enters the test section upstream of the magnet, where an aggregate forms. The interfacial phenomena resulting from the interaction of the ferrofluid with the bulk flow is resolved using shadowgraph imaging, where a digital camera captures the side view of the aggregate. Ferrofluid aggregate physics is examined both visually in the raw frames as well as by post-processing to determine the aggregate size evolution in time and couple that bulk information with interfacial behavior using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). The shadowgraphs show that the aggregate exhibits different regimes based on bulk flow Reynolds number, which is varied between 100 and 1000, based on the mean flow rate. The aggregate exhibits stable behavior at low Reynolds numbers, where it stretches as it grows and minimal decay of the aggregate occurs. At moderate Reynolds numbers above 400, inertial forces dominate the dynamics, and aggregates do not attain the same size and height as in low Reynolds number cases. Therefore, the interaction of the aggregate with the bulk flow is diminished. The accumulation of ferrofluids is positively impacted by increased magnetic field gradients for some Reynolds numbers, while very high or low magnetic field gradients result in smaller, unstable aggregates. This work is the first to study the accumulation of ferrofluid aggregates over such a large parameter space, which reveals many physics that were previously unexplored in ferrohydrodynamics.
Biosynthesis of the Fairy Chemicals, 2-Azahypoxanthine and Imidazole-4-carboxamide, in the Fairy Ring-Forming Fungus Lepista sordida (2020)

Fairy rings resulting from a fungus-plant interaction appear worldwide. 2-Azahypoxanthine (AHX) and imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA) were first isolated from the culture broth of one of the fairy ring-forming fungi, <i>Lepista sordida</i>. Afterward, a common metabolite of AHX in plants, 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH), was found in AHX-treated rice. The biosynthetic pathway of the three compounds that are named as fairy chemicals (FCs) in plants has been partially elucidated; however, that in mushrooms remains unknown. In this study, it was revealed that the carbon skeletons of AHX and ICA were constructed from Gly in <i>L. sordida</i> mycelia and the fungus metabolized 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICA) to both of the compounds. These results indicated that FCs were biosynthesized by a diversion of the purine metabolic pathway in <i>L. sordida</i> mycelia, similar to that in plants. Furthermore, we showed that recombinant adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) catalyzed reversible interconversion not only between 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl 5'-monophosphate (AICAR) and AICA but also between ICA-ribotide (ICAR) and ICA. Furthermore, the presence of ICAR in <i>L. sordida</i> mycelia was proven for the first time by LC-MS/MS detection, and this study provided the first report that there was a novel metabolic pathway of ICA in which its ribotide was an intermediate in the fungus.
Overexpression of protein kinase STK25 in mice exacerbates ectopic lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (2016)

STK25 emerges as a new regulator of the complex interplay between lipid storage, mitochondrial energetics and insulin action in skeletal muscle, highlighting the potential of STK25 antagonists for type 2 diabetes treatment.
Pd–sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites display a morphology dependent response to hydrogen gas (2012)

Hydrogen reduction of H2PdCl4 in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) in dynamic thin films on a microfluidic spinning disc platform affords Pd–SCMC nano-structures. The morphology of Pd nanocomposites changed from well-connected nano-rosettes to disconnected agglomerates with an increase in SCMC concentration. These nanocomposites were drop cast on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) to afford sensors for hydrogen gas, with a decrease and increase response in current for nano-rosettes and agglomerates structures, respectively.
Intranasal Delivery of TGFα – A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Lesion Resolution in Multiple Sclerosis? (P7-3.001) (2023)

We here evaluate the therapeutic potential of tissue-protective TGFα for the resolution of CNS inflammation.
Supplementary Materials from Cancers as Wounds that Do Not Heal: Differences and Similarities between Renal Regeneration/Repair and Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure 4, Tables 4-8, supplementary text&lt;/p&gt;
Regional pulmonary blood flow during rest, tilt, and exercise in unanesthetized dogs (1995)

We assessed the heterogeneity of regional pulmonary blood flow (PBFr), using radioactive microspheres in five unanesthetized dogs standing at rest (Rest), standing at a 45 degrees upward tilt (Tilt), and during moderate treadmill exercise (Exer). The excised lungs were cut into 1-cm3 pieces along transverse, horizontal, and longitudinal planes. Mean PBFr increased from 23.3 ml.min-1.g-1 at Rest to 57.4 ml.min-1.g-1 during Exer, but the relative dispersions were not statistically different between states (47.3-51.9%). A small but significant gravity-dependent gradient in PBFr of < or = 4.7%/cm (r2 < or = 0.118) as well as a PBFr decreasing radial gradient from the lung midpoint of < or = 7.2%/cm (r2 < or = 0.108) were present in all states. PBFr at Rest was highly correlated with those at Tilt (r2 = 0.773) and Exer (r2 = 0.888), and a variable PBFr gradient of < or = 2.5%/cm from base to apex was observed. Fractal dimensions calculated using relative dispersion as a function of aggregated sample size were not significantly different between states and were 1.132 (r2 = 0.987) at Rest, 1.121 (r2 = 0.973) at Tilt, and 1.149 (r2 = 0.986) during Exer. Thus, gravity and centripetal gradients consistently accounted for a maximal difference of only about twofold in PBFr and < 11% of overall PBFr heterogeneity in 1-cm3 samples. Recursive anatomic branching of pulmonary arteries and local mechanical factors apparently account for most of the blood flow heterogeneity in small pieces of lung.
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory nstrument: performance of the OCO instrument and plans for the OCO-2 instrument (2010)

NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) was designed to make measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations from space with the precision and accuracy required to identify sources and sinks on regions scales (~1,000 km). Unfortunately, OCO was lost due to a failure of the launch vehicle. Since then, work has started on OCO-2, planned for launch in early 2013. This paper will document the OCO instrument performance and discuss the changes planned for the OCO-2 instrument.
Limits of the quantum cognition hypothesis: 31P singlet order lifetimes of pyrophosphate from experiment and simulation (2022)

A proposal of quantum cognition advances the hypothesis that quantum entanglement between 31P nuclei could serve as a means of information storage in the brain. Testing this hypothesis requires an understanding of how long-lived these quantum effects may be. We used NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to study the mechanisms that limit these quantum processes in 18O-enriched molecules of pyrophosphate, the simplest biomolecule that can sustain quantum-entangled 31P nuclear spin singlet states. We confirmed that chemical shift anisotropy limits the singlet magnetization order lifetimes in high magnetic fields, and we discovered that rapid rotation of the phosphate groups limits the lifetime in low magnetic fields. These findings represent an important starting point in studying whether quantum cognition can be a true biological phenomenon.
Visual simulation of shockwaves (2008)

We present an efficient method for visual simulations of shock phenomena in compressible, inviscid fluids. Our algorithm is derived from one class of the finite volume method especially designed for capturing shock propagation, but offers improved efficiency through physically-based simplification and adaptation for graphical rendering. Our technique is well suited for parallel implementation on multicore architectures and is also capable of handling complex, bidirectional object-shock interactions stably and robustly. We describe its applications to various visual effects, including explosion, sonic booms and turbulent flows.
Cytochrome c in the apoptotic and antioxidant cascades (1998)

Recent progress in studies on apoptosis has revealed that cytochrome c is a pro-apoptotic factor. It is released from its places on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane at early steps of apoptosis and, combining with some cytosolic proteins, activates conversion of the latent apoptosis-promoting protease pro-caspase-9 to its active form. Cytochrome c release can be initiated by the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. This process is blocked by the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. The role of cytochrome c in apoptosis may be understood within the framework of the concept assuming that the evolutionary primary function of apoptosis was to purify tissues from ROS-overproducing cells. In this context, the pro-apoptosis activity of cytochrome c might represent one of the anti-oxidant functions inherent in this cytochrome. Among other cytochrome c-linked antioxidant mechanisms, the following systems can be indicated. (1) Cytochrome c released from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the intermembrane space can operate as an enzyme oxidizing O2.- back to O2. The reduced cytochrome c is oxidized by cytochrome oxidase (or in yeasts and bacteria, by cytochrome c peroxidase). (2) The intermembrane cytochrome c can activate the electron transport chain in the outer mitochondrial membrane. This bypasses the initial and middle parts of the main respiratory chain, which produce, as a rule, the major portion of ROS in the cell. (3) The main respiratory chain losing its cytochrome c is inhibited in such a fashion that antimycin-like agents fail to stimulate ROS production.
Brønsted acids in ionic liquids: how acidity depends on the liquid structure (2014)

Gutmann Acceptor Number (AN) values have been determined for Brønsted acid-ionic liquid mixtures, over a wide compositional range. Four systems of general formula [C2mim][A]-HA (A(-) = bistriflamide, [NTf2](-); triflate, [OTf](-); mesylate, [OMs](-); or acetate, [OAc](-), [C2mim](+) = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation) were studied. A library of Brønsted acidic systems of varying acidity was constructed and the AN parameter was found to be a convenient approach for quantifying their acidity. HOAc, HOMs and HOTf, when dissolved in ionic liquids, were found to associate with the respective anions to form hydrogen-bonded anionic clusters, [A(HA)x](-). In contrast, HNTf2 was solubilised as a discrete, undissociated molecule. AN values were sensitive to the presence of anionic clusters; acidity could be buffered to a particular AN by binding the solubilised acid in the anionic cluster form. Overall, a simple way to manipulate and quantify the Brønsted acidity of acid-ionic liquid mixtures was demonstrated, and measured AN values were related to liquid speciation.
Phase Equilibria of Charge-, Size-, and Shape-Asymmetric Model Electrolytes (2002)

The low-temperature phase behavior of two 2:1 hard-core electrolyte models has been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. In the first model, both bivalent cations and monovalent anions are spherical, and the charges are located at the ion's centers; in the second model, bivalent cations are modeled as rigid dimers composed of two tangent hard spheres, each carrying a positive charge at the center. It is found that the critical temperature and the critical density are strongly affected by the size asymmetry and the shape of the ions. The results presented in this work provide insights into the behavior of charged colloidal suspensions and polyelectrolytes, where large, symmetric or asymmetric ionic species carrying like charges can attract each other and give rise to thermodynamically unstable conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 5,11‐DIHYDRO‐6H‐PYRIDO(2,3‐B)(1,4)BENZODIAZEPIN‐6‐ONES AND RELATED STUDIES. PART I (1984)

Abstract Isatosäureanhydrid (I) reagiert mit "Anhydroomithin" (II) zum Anthranolamid (III), das mit Phosphorpentoxid leicht zum Hexahydropyridobenzodiazepinon (IV) cyclisiert.
Modification of myocardial substrate utilisation: a new therapeutic paradigm in cardiovascular disease (2010)

Therapies that aim to modify cardiac substrate utilisation are designed to increase metabolic efficiency. Although the main energy supply for the heart is generally provided by the oxidation of fatty acids, the heart is a metabolic omnivore and able to consume glucose as well as lactate and amino acids in varying proportions. A shift from fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation leads to lower oxygen consumption per unit of ATP produced. This concept of reduced oxygen utilisation underlies the use of metabolic modulating agents to treat chronic stable angina. Furthermore, the model of an energy-starved heart now forms the basis for our understanding of both ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart failure. Potential alterations in substrate utilisation and thus myocardial efficiency underlie the use of metabolic agents in heart failure. This is achieved by either promoting glucose or reducing the utilisation of fatty acids. Such a shift results in a relatively greater production of ATP per unit of oxygen consumed. With an ongoing demand for treatment options in ischaemic heart disease and a growing epidemic of heart failure, new treatment modalities beyond contemporary therapy need consideration.
Noise and channel statistics of indoor power line networks (2011)

Power line communication (PLC) channels may have entirely different physical characteristics. In order to establish reliable communication systems operating in power line networks (PLNs), characteristics of power line channel have to be investigated very carefully. In this paper, noise and multipath characteristics of PLC channels are examined. A unique experimental setup is established for noise measurements and a simulation environment is prepared for multipath analysis for indoor PLNs. Results of the measurements and simulations are presented. Besides the investigation of some specific PLNs, impact of the physical characteristics of different PLC networks on the channel delay spread parameter, namely root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread, are studied statistically.
Specific Killing of HIV-infected Lymphocytes by a Recombinant Immunotoxin Directed against the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein (1998)

Potent immunotoxins such as 3B3(Fv)-PE38 could be utilized in combination with multidrug cocktails that limit viral replication to help reduce viral reservoirs in patients with AIDS.
A Branch-Price-and-Cut Algorithm for Single-Product Maritime Inventory Routing (2012)

A branch-price-and-cut algorithm is developed for a complex maritime inventory-routing problem with varying storage capacities and production/consumption rates at facilities. The resulting mixed-integer pricing problem is solved exactly and efficiently using a dynamic program that exploits certain “extremal” characteristics of the pricing problem. The formulation is tightened by using the problem's boundary conditions in preprocessing and to restrict the set of columns that are produced by the pricing problem. Branching schemes and cuts are introduced that can be implemented efficiently and that preserve the structure of the pricing problem. Some of the cuts are inspired by the capacity cuts known for the vehicle-routing problem, whereas others specifically target fractional solutions brought about by individual vessels “competing” for limited inventory at load ports and limited storage capacity at discharge ports. The branch-price-and-cut approach solves practically sized problems motivated by the operations of an oil company to optimality, and it provides reasonable bounds for larger instances.
Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: Incremental Knowledge Gains to Improve Outcomes (2021)

Pulmonary vein stenosis remains a considerable clinical challenge, with high mortality still present in children with progressive disease. In this review, we discuss the clinical spectrum of pulmonary vein stenosis and what is known about the etiology and potential modifying and contributing factors in progressive pulmonary vein stenosis.
Dynamics of Machine Tool Spindle/Bearing Systems Under Thermal Growth (1997)

Increased use of high-speed machining creates the need to predict spindle/bearing performance at high speeds. Spindle dynamic response is a function of the nonlinear bearing stiffness. At high speeds, thermal expansion can play an important role in bearing stiffness. A complete bearing load-deflection analysis including thermal expansion is derived and is coupled with an analysis of spindle dynamic response. Steady-state temperature distribution is found from heat generation at the contact point and from a quasi three-dimensional heat transfer model. Numerical solutions give a good prediction of thermal growth and heat generation in the bearing. Predicted high-speed spindle frequencies show good agreement with experimentation. The effects of loading condition and bearing material type on bearing stiffness are also shown.
Measurement of abdominal fat with T1‐weighted MR images (1991)

The cross-sectional area of visceral and subcutaneous fat in the abdomen was measured with T1-weighted spin-echo images acquired with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) imager. Four axial images centered on L-4 were acquired in each patient. Outline regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn manually for subcutaneous and visceral fat. The subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area was calculated from the ROIs drawn around the outer and inner margins of subcutaneous fat. Several adaptive processing methods were evaluated for measuring fat in the complex structure of the viscera. These methods were compared with an existing MR imaging measurement method for abdominal fat in 18 patients. The adaptive method that uses the valley between the fat and nonfat distributions in the average histogram curve was judged best for research evaluations because it reduces the effects of volume averaging while using a more natural division between fat and nonfat data. Another adaptive method that yielded comparable measurements was thought to be more suitable for clinical applications. Cross-sectional area measurements of abdominal fat were compared in 18 nonobese and 17 obese women to illustrate the utility of these measurements.
The Role of the Core and Shell on the Mechanical Response of Aging Vertebral Body (1998)

Abstract A 3D cellular solid model was used for the trabecular core of a whole vertebral body model to study the load bearing role of the two components: shell and core. Age related changes in the trabecular architecture were considered and the effects of osteoporosis on the load sharing behavior was addressed.
5G URLLC: Evolution of High-Performance Wireless Networking for Industrial Automation (2021)

At the core of digital transformation of the manufacturing industry is the objective to unlock data at multiple points of the production system and produce insights to improve and optimize all aspects of the business operations. Tremendous advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning make it possible to analyze a vast volume of the field and production data and translate them into optimization decisions. Real-time access to the data complements efficient machine learning inference for timely and actionable insights. Flexible and re-configurable manufacturing also demands high-performance, pervasive, and low-la-tency communication links supporting mobility of workers, devices, and robots. Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) introduced basic support for Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication (urLLC) in Release-15 through intrinsic design features. Release-16 extends real-time capabilities of 5G NR to different verticals, addressing use cases in factory automation, the transport industry, and electrical power distribution. Wireless technologies such as 5G urLLC should co-exist with incumbent and emerging industrial Ethernet systems such as Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) in a heterogenous networking architecture. Hence, specification of interworking with TSN is also part of 3GPP Release-16. In this article, we discuss low-latency and high-reliability features supporting industrial automation, focusing on Release-16 design specifications. The interworking aspects with TSN and time synchronization accuracy limits are also highlighted, followed by performance evaluation of control and data traffic channels of 5G NR with respect to urLLC requirements.
Down‐regulated expression of prostasin in high‐grade or hormone‐refractory human prostate cancers (2002)

These results suggest that prostasin cannot be regarded as a prognostic indicator for human prostate cancer although it may be a useful marker for tumor differentiation.