gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue vaccines for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer (2009)

Tissue vaccines are produced from harvested tumor material and contain a tremendously large menu of antigens, including those expressed only during in vivo growth and those associated with tumor stroma. Production of tissue vaccines from xenogeneic sources not only presents a means to overcome immunologic tolerance of tumors, but also represents a means to greatly expand availability of vaccine raw material compared to autologous vaccines. To determine if vaccination with tissue vaccines is a potential strategy for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, we evaluated the utility of tissue vaccines derived from glutardehyde-fixed tumor (GFT) tissue and potassium thiocyanate extract (PTE) of tumor tissue. Subcutaneous tumors generated in Lobund-Wistar (LW) rats with the PAIII prostate cancer line were harvested, dissociated, and treated with 3% glutaraldehyde or prepared as an extract with potassium thiocyanate. To evaluate prevention of prostate cancer, groups of thirty LW rats were treated with intravenous methylnitrosourea (30 mg/kg) to induce autochthonous prostate tumors and were then vaccinated subcutaneously (SC) monthly from 2 to 10 months of age with either media (MEM), GFT or PTE. At 12 months of age, gross and histological examination of prostates showed 50% and 90% reductions in the incidence of prostate cancer in PTE- and GFT-vaccinated rats, respectively, compared to media-vaccinated controls (Fig. 1). Using the same model, groups of rats underwent weekly vaccination with MEM or GFT when palpable tumors were first detected in the caudal abdomen to evaluate the utility of tissue vaccines as a treatment for prostate cancer. Though size of the primary tumor was not significantly reduced, 70% of GFT-vaccinated rats were free of metastasis compared to only 10% of controls (Fig. 2). To determine if this vaccine could be used as a xenogeneic preparation for human prostate cancer, immunocompetent Ncr-Foxn1<nu> mice were vaccinated SC with the GFT vaccine; their splenocytes harvested 7 days after the last boost and co-incubated with human PC346 prostate cancer cells (Group 1); and orthotopically transplanted into syngeneic BALB/c nu/nu mice. Groups of 20 nu/nu mice were treated this way or with PC346 cells co-incubated with splenocytes from media-vaccinated mice (Group 2); or transplanted with untreated PC346 cells (Group 3). Ten weeks later, the mice were euthanized and prostates evaluated for tumor growth. The incidence of prostate cancer was reduced by 70% in Group 1 mice compared to those in Groups 2 and 3, indicating that this vaccine has xenogeneic efficacy. In summary, tissue vaccines represent a means to harvest numerous powerful and novel antigens which cannot be captured in any other way, and which can be effectively used to prevent and treat prostate cancer.
Justifying and Improving Meta-Agent Conflict-Based Search (2014)

The Meta-Agent Conflict-Based Search~(MA-CBS) is a recently proposed algorithm for the multi-agent path finding problem. The algorithm is an extension of Conflict-Based Search~(CBS), which automatically merges conflicting agents into meta-agents if the number of conflicts exceeds a certain threshold. However, the decision to merge agents is made according to an empirically chosen fixed threshold on the number of conflicts. The best threshold depends both on the domain and on the number of agents, and the nature of the dependence is not clearly understood. We suggest a justification for the use of a fixed threshold on the number of conflicts based on the analysis of a model problem. Following the suggested justification, we introduce new decision policies for the MA-CBS algorithm, which considerably improve the algorithm's performance. The improved variants of the algorithm are evaluated on several sets of problems, chosen to underline different aspects of the algorithms.
Obese Women Experience Fewer Complications after Oncoplastic Breast Repair following Partial Mastectomy Than after Immediate Total Breast Reconstruction (2016)

Therapeutic, III.
A Novel Operation Scheme for Modular Multilevel Converter With Enhanced Ride-Through Capability of Submodule Faults (2020)

Submodule (SM) fault is a common potential problem in the modular multilevel converter (MMC), which may lead to current distortion and even the collapse of the control system. This article proposes a novel operation scheme for SM fault in medium-voltage MMC applications. First, when the fault number is low, the capacitor voltages increase to a lower value according to the operation status. Second, when the fault number is higher, the capacitor voltages increase to the rated value and the zero-sequence voltage (ZSV) is injected to maintain the normal operation of MMC. In addition, a virtual voltage idea is applied to simplify the modulation under SM faults, where the reconfigurations of carriers are not necessary. Compared with the conventional fault-tolerant method, the proposed method can enhance the ride-through capability of MMC and simplify the modulation process under SM faults. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed operation scheme under severe SM faults.
Intrauterine Exposure to Halothane Increases Murine Postnatal Autotolerance to Halothane and Reduces Brain Weight (1983)

The effect of halothane on prenatal development was assessed using the appearance of postnatal tolerance to the anesthetic and its effect on brain weight. Eighteen 3-month-old mice were repeatedly tested in a rotating cage for loss of righting reflex during exposure to increasing concentrations of halothane on 15 occasions to determine whether or not tolerance to halothane developed. Of these, nine mice were born to dams exposed for 30 min to 2% halothane on days 14 and 17 of gestation. The other nine mice (controls) were born to dams exposed to 100% oxygen for 30 min at the same stage of pregnancy. There was no significant difference in tolerance to halothane between the groups during the first nine days of repeated exposure to halothane. By the 13th and 15th days, however, mice exposed to halothane in utero became more tolerant to 1% halothane than did controls (P less than 0.025). In addition, the mean total brain weight of six 7-week-old mice exposed to 2% halothane in utero for 30 min on days 14 and 17 of gestation was found to be significantly less than the mean total brain weight of six control mice not exposed to halothane in utero (20.83 +/- 0.27 g and 23.07 +/- 0.51 g, respectively, P less than 0.0025). This difference occurred mainly in the brain stem rather than in the forebrain and cerebellum.
Waveguides in chalcogenide glasses produced by a train of femtosecond laser pulses (2001)

Waveguide writing using a train of femtosecond laser pulses at 850 nm, in the transparent spectral region of bulk As<SUB>40</SUB>S<SUB>60</SUB> glasses is reported. Wave guides were written by translating the glass sample along the optical axis of a strongly focused laser beam. Refractive index variation, linear absorption spectra, and Raman spectra of the exposed region were measured. The chemical mechanism responsible for the index variation has been correlated to a breakage of the glass' As-S bonds and formation of As-As and S-S bonds and increase of the disorder of the glass network. The nonlinear optical origin leading to this phenomenon has been shown, and possible mechanisms are discussed.
Near-Ideal Optical Metamaterial Absorbers with Super-Octave Bandwidth (2014)

Nanostructured optical coatings with tailored spectral absorption properties are of interest for a wide range of applications such as spectroscopy, emissivity control, and solar energy harvesting. Optical metamaterial absorbers have been demonstrated with a variety of customized single band, multiple band, polarization, and angular configurations. However, metamaterials that provide near unity absorptivity with super-octave bandwidth over a specified optical wavelength range have not yet been demonstrated experimentally. Here, we show a broadband, polarization-insensitive metamaterial with greater than 98% measured average absorptivity that is maintained over a wide ± 45° field-of-view for mid-infrared wavelengths between 1.77 and 4.81 μm. The nearly ideal absorption is realized by using a genetic algorithm to identify the geometry of a single-layer metal nanostructure array that excites multiple overlapping electric resonances with high optical loss across greater than an octave bandwidth. The response is optimized by substituting palladium for gold to increase the infrared metallic loss and by introducing a dielectric superstrate to suppress reflection over the entire band. This demonstration advances the state-of-the-art in high-performance broadband metamaterial absorbers that can be reliably fabricated using a single patterned layer of metal nanostructures.
Comparative Physico-mechanical Characterization of New Hybrid Restorative Materials with Conventional Glass-ionomer and Resin Composite Restorative Materials (1997)

The recently developed hybrid restorative materials contain the essential components of conventional glass ionomers and light-cured resins. The objective of this study was to determine several physical and mechanical properties of eight such materials in comparison with two conventional glass ionomers, one micro-filled, and one ultrafine compact-filled resin composite. The two resin composites and two of the three polyacid-modified resin composites could be polished to a higher gloss than the conventional as well as the resin-modified glass ionomers. After abrasion, surface roughness increased for all materials, but not at the same extent, being the least for the conventional resin composites and one polyacid-modified resin composite, Dyract. In contrast to the later resin composites, of which the surface roughness is principally determined by the presence of protruding filler particles above the resin matrix, roughness of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomers results from both protruding filler particles and intruding porosities. The mean particle size of the hybrid restorative materials fell between the smaller mean particle size of the resin composites and the larger one of the conventional glass ionomers. The micro-hardness and Young's modulus values varied substantially among all eight hybrid restorative materials. For all the resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative materials, the Young's modulus reached a maximum value one month after mixing and remained relatively stable thereafter. The Young's modulus of the conventional and the polyacid-modified resin composites decreased slightly after one month. The conventional glass-ionomer materials undoubtedly set the slowest, since their Young's modulus took six months to reach its maximum. The flexural fatigue limit of the hybrid restorative materials is comparable with that of the micro-filled composite. From this investigation, it can be concluded that the physico-mechanical properties vary widely among the eight hybrid restorative materials, indicating that these materials probably have yet to achieve their optimum properties. Their mechanical strength is inadequate for use in stress-bearing areas, and their appearance keeps them from use where esthetics is a primary concern.
Automated closed-loop model checking of implantable pacemakers using abstraction trees (2017)

Autonomous medical devices such as implantable cardiac pacemakers are capable of diagnosing the patient condition and delivering therapy without human intervention. Their ability to autonomously affect the physiological state of the patient makes them safety-critical. Sufficient evidence for the safety and efficacy of the device software, which makes these autonomous decisions, should be provided before these devices can be released on the market. Formal methods like model checking can provide safety evidence that the devices can safely operate under a large variety of physiological conditions. The challenge is to develop physiological models that are general enough to cover the large variability of human physiology, and also expressive enough to provide physiological contexts to counter-examples returned by the model checker. In this paper, the authors develop a set of physiological abstraction rules that introduce physiological constraints to heart models. By applying these abstraction rules to a initial set of heart models, an abstraction tree is created. The root model covers all possible inputs to a pacemaker and derived models cover inputs from different heart conditions. If a counter-example is returned by the model checker, the abstraction tree is traversed so that the most concrete counter-example(s) with physiological contexts can be returned to the domain experts for validity check. The abstraction tree framework replaces the manual abstraction and refinement framework, which reduced the amount of domain knowledge required to perform closed-loop model checking. It encourages the use of model checking during the development of autonomous medical devices, and identifies safety risks earlier in the design process. 1
A Unified Simple Predictive Model for High Fluence Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metal, Semiconductor and Dielectric (2009)

A unified simple predictive model has been presented for high fluence ultrashort laser ablation of metal, semiconductor and dielectric, which has very low computational cost and is very easy to apply. Unlike many other simplified models, this model does not involve any free adjustable variables. The model predictions agree well with experimental measurements for femtosecond laser ablation, while the model is not very applicable for pulse durations more than ∼10 picosecond.
Abstract 1715: Whole transcriptome analysis of patient-derived 3D in vitro and xenograft models of colon cancer identifies placental genes required for the survival of cancer stem cells (2016)

Abstract Growing evidence supports a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as both the drivers of tumor growth and the source of relapse following treatment. The identification of genes and pathways required for the survival of CSCs may therefore lead to better treatment outcomes. Here, as part of the OncoTrack* consortium, we report the use of 3D in vitro and xenograft models of patient-derived colon cancer for the identification of novel regulators of CSCs. Increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has been demonstrated to be a marker of normal intestinal stem cells and colon CSCs. We therefore isolated and functionally tested ALDH+ cells for CSC properties using 3D in vitro models and xenografts of patient derived colon cancer. These studies revealed ALDH+ cells to be highly enriched for CSCs. In addition, there was a positive correlation between CSC frequency in the models and tumor grade at time of surgical resection. ALDH+ CSCs were subjected to RNA sequencing for whole transcriptome analysis. These analyses demonstrated ALDH+ CSCs to be enriched for stem cell associated genes (ALDH1A1, BMI1, LGR5, CD44, CD166), signaling pathways (Wnt, Hedgehog) and developmental (embryonic, placental, tissue development, EMT) and metabolic processes (retinol metabolism, drug metabolism, hypoxia). Lentivirus mediated gene knockdown was carried out on a panel of genes that were differentially expressed in ALDH+ cells from 3D in vitro models and xenografts. These studies led to the identification of genes required for the self-renewal and survival of colon CSCs. Interestingly, these genes have been reported as important regulators of early embryonic and placental development but have not previously been reported in the regulation of cancer stem cells. *The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) for the Innovative Medicine Initiative under grant agreement n°115234. Citation Format: Joseph L. Regan, Stephanie Staudte, Dirk Schumacher, Ulrich Keilholz, Johannes Haybaeck, Hans Lehrach, Marie-Laure Yaspo, David Henderson, Andreas Steffen, Joern Toedling, Ralf Lesche, Reinhold Schaefer, Christian R. Regenbrecht, Dominik Mumberg, Martin Lange. Whole transcriptome analysis of patient-derived 3D in vitro and xenograft models of colon cancer identifies placental genes required for the survival of cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1715.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Thrombospondin-1 Peptide ABT-510 Combined with Valproic Acid Is an Effective Antiangiogenesis Strategy in Neuroblastoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends from Thrombospondin-1 Peptide ABT-510 Combined with Valproic Acid Is an Effective Antiangiogenesis Strategy in Neuroblastoma
ChemInform Abstract: Phenoxypyrimidine Inhibitors of p38α Kinase: Synthesis and Statistical Evaluation of the p38 Inhibitory Potencies of a Series of 1‐(Piperidin‐4‐yl)‐4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐5‐(2‐phenoxypyrimidin‐4‐yl) Imidazoles. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy for probing strongly correlated many-body systems by scanning tunneling microscopy (2020)

A theory for scanning tunneling spectroscopy is presented that includes elastic and inelastic electron-vibrational processes on equal footing. It is especially suited for the investigation of strongly correlated sample systems. As an example, the theory is applied to a molecular Kondo impurity, using a combination of $a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}b\phantom{\rule{0.333em}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o$ density functional theory and numerical renormalization group to quantitatively explain the experiment. In particular, the presented approach allows to identify a vibrational sharpening of the Kondo resonance in the targeted system.
GÜRBÜZ YÜZ TANIMA İÇİN ÇOK-KİPLİ ÖZNİTELİK FÜZYONU (2021)

Yüz tanıma çok sayıda uygulama alanı olan popüler bir bilgisayarla görü problemidir. Farklı ışık koşulları ve değişen yüz ifadeleri yüz tanıma problemini zorlaştıran etkenlerdir. Yüz tanıma işlemi için çeşitli yöntemlerle elde edilen öznitelikler yüze ait farklı karakteristik özellikleri yansıtır. Bu karakteristik özelliklerden faydalanılarak yüz tanıma işlemi gerçekleştirilir. Bu çalışmada, örüntü ve doku tanımada sıklıkla kullanılan Yerel İkili Örüntü ve Felzenszwalb Yönelimli Gradyan Histogram özniteliklerinin birleştirilmesi ile yüz tanıma problemine çok kipli bir çözüm sunulmuştur. Yüz imgesi bölgelere ayrılarak, her iki yöntem ile bölgelerden öznitelik vektörleri elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte elde edilen vektörlere öznitelik seçim yöntemleri uygulanarak hem vektör boyutu azaltılmış hem de başarım arttırılmıştır. Öznitelik seçimi sonucu her iki yöntem için seçilen öznitelik alt kümeleri birleştirilerek uzamsal ve spektral öznitelikleri içeren tek bir öznitelik vektörü haline getirilmiştir. Seçilen öznitelikler Ki-kare sınıflandırıcısı kullanılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Önerilen yöntemin başarımı FERET veri setinde ölçülmüş, %89.45 yüz doğrulama ve %94.55 yüz tanıma başarımı elde edilmiştir.
Strategies for the Synthesis of ‘Through-Space’ Chromophore Dimers Based on [2.2]Paracyclophane (2002)

The evolution and motivation of regiospecific synthetic protocols for 4,7,12,15- donor and/or acceptor substitution of [2.2]paracyclophane is described. Analysis of protocols for the creation of molecules that model interchromophore contacts and delocalization from multiply brominated [2.2]paracyclophane is provided. Substrates that allow for Horner-Emmons coupling as an entry to high yield procedures for synthesizing chromophores built around tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophane are described. Additionally, the synthesis of precursors for site-specific coupling and the resulting products of donor and acceptor substitution are presented. Brief representative examples of the unusual spectroscopic properties of the target compounds are given.
Thermodynamics of supercritical gas-polymer mixtures/ (2021)

a lot of the anxiety and fear which seems to naturally accompany the word "thermodynamics".I owe a great deal to Dr. Tom Hillegers at DSM, the man behind the devel- opment of the PEP computer program.In addition, the Thermodynamics Group at DSM Research in Geleen, Netherlands, particularly the always-suspicious Bel- gians, provided some excellent criticism and numerous timely coffee breaks.I was fortunate in being part of a diverse and stimulating research group.There are too many names to mention,
High Density Polymer-Based Integrated Electgrode Array (2023)

A high density polymer-based integrated electrode apparatus that comprises a central electrode body and a multiplicity of arms extending from the electrode body. The central electrode body and the multiplicity of arms are comprised of a silicone material with metal features in said silicone material that comprise electronic circuits.
Conjugation of quantum dots and Fe3O4 on carbon nanotubes for medical diagnosis and treatment (2009)

Quantum dots (QDs) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were conjugated onto the surfaces of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for medical diagnosis and treatment. The nanoassembly was designed to meet the specific needs in cancer in vivo imaging and simultaneous treatment. The key functionalities needed for clinical applications were integrated, including CNT surface functionalization for attachment of biological molecules in targeting, drug storage capabilities, fluorescent emissions near the infrared range, and magnetic hyperthermia. CNT-QD-Fe3O4 developed exhibited a strong fluorescence near the infrared region for noninvasive optical in vivo imaging. Magnetization measurements showed nearly reversible hysteresis curves from CNT-QD-Fe3O4 nanoassembly. Fe3O4 conjugated CNT was found to experience hyperthermia heating under alternating electromagnetic field.
A complete Bit-Stream control system for Doubly Fed Induction Generator applications (2011)

Bit-Stream based control, which uses one bit wide signals to control power electronics applications, is a new approach for controller design. A complete Bit-Stream based control system for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is proposed in this paper to demonstrate an entirely hardware-based control system for DFIG applications. A new supervisory control system is proposed to provide excitation, synchronisation and generator speed controller. The rotor- and grid side converters, generator and control systems of the DFIG are simulated using Mentor Graphics ModelSim and experimentally tested using a 2.7 kW DFIG system. These simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed Bit-Stream based control system successfully controls the generator synchronisation and speed.
Selective Hydrogenation of CO2 to Ethanol over Cobalt Catalysts (2018)

Methods for the hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> into valuable chemicals are in great demand but their development is still challenging. Herein, we report the selective hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> into ethanol over non-noble cobalt catalysts (CoAlO<sub>x</sub> ), presenting a significant advance for the conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into ethanol as the major product. By adjusting the composition of the catalysts through the use of different prereduction temperatures, the efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> to ethanol hydrogenation was optimized; the catalyst reduced at 600 ° gave an ethanol selectivity of 92.1 % at 140 °C with an ethanol time yield of 0.444 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> . Operando FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that the high ethanol selectivity over the CoAlO<sub>x</sub> catalyst might be due to the formation of acetate from formate by insertion of *CH<sub>x</sub> , a key intermediate in the production of ethanol by CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation.