gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme Accelerated Carbon Capture in different Contacting Equipment - A Comparative Study (2017)

CO2 capture is an essential step for providing a sustainable and ecological solution to cope with increasing energy supply burning fossil fuels. However, industrial application of current CO2 capture technologies is limited due to the significant energy penalty. In order to reduce this energy penalty two different approaches of process intensification are examined in this study. The first approach aims at the intensification of mass transfer to compensate for low absorption rates of solvents with high capacity that would allow for more energy-efficient CO2 capture. Here the tertiary amine methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is combined with a highly efficient biocatalyst, the enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase (CA), for which significant enhancement of absorption performance was demonstrated in literature. In addition to the intensification of the solvent system, the contacting of gas and liquid streams in ab- and desorption can be improved in intensified contacting devices (ICD). Here especially membrane contactors (MC) and rotating packed beds (RPB) are promising alternatives to classical packed columns. MC provide a well-defined interfacial area that is orders of magnitude higher than for conventional equipment and introduces additional operational flexibility, expressed by the independent flow ratio between liquid and gas phase. In a RPB centrifugal forces are exploited to increase acceleration of the liquid and improve turbulence and mass transfer. The rotational speed of the rotating packing introduces an additional degree of freedom compared to common static equipment. Both ICDs offer a very compact design. While both, ICD and the improved solvent system with CA, can significantly intensify the CO2 capture process, research on the combination of both is scarce. In order to evaluate the potential benefit of a joint implementation, a first step of imminent importance is to characterize the operating windows of such an intensified process. Based on prior results concerning the energy requirements for solvent regeneration, an aqueous amine solution with 30 wt.-% MDEA is investigated in this study without and with dissolved CA. In order to evaluate the potential improvement of a joint application of the ICD and the application of CA absorption experiments in a packed column and in the two ICDs are performed. While all three devices show similar absorption performance without CA added, the RPB offers the advantage to handle exceptionally high gas loads while the MC can be operated over a much wider range of liquid loads. When CA is added to the solvent system the packed column and the RPB show superior performance compared to the MC. While none of the combinations is generally superior, the different means for process intensification extent the operating window and facilitate improved absorption performances.
Local motion analysis in 4D lung CT using fast groupwise registration (2009)

Automatic tools for the propagation of contours and surfaces in time series of CT images (4DCT) are necessary e.g. for dose calculation in radio-therapy-planning. The state of the art method is the registration of 3-D frames of the sequence on a static reference volume or the registration of consecutive volume pairs. Based on the computed vector fields, the contours and surfaces are then propagated through the entire 4-D series. However, the registrations frequently suffer from common image or gating artefacts in the time series. To overcome the problem, we propose a groupwise 4-D registration approach combined with a motion model to perform the registration of a sequence of images.
Role of Protein Phosphatase 2A in Alzheimers Disease (2011)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in adults. Aberrant hyperphosphorylation of microtubule associated protein Tau and neurofilament-M/H is one of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Most of the therapeutic strategies for treating AD are based on the inhibition of protein kinases such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and other Tau kinases. Here, we focus on protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a key player in AD. PP2A expression and activity are downregulated in AD brain, contributing to the aberrant phosphorylation of Tau and NF proteins in AD. Recent data published from our lab as well as others on PP2A deregulation in AD is reviewed. The role of peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1 in regulation of PP2A mediated neurodegeneration is further analyzed. Development of drugs for AD could be based on restoration of PP2A activity or targeting Pin1.
Faldaprevir combined with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in treatment-naïve patients with chronic genotype1 HCV: SILEN-C1 trial (2013)

Faldaprevir QD with PegIFN/RBV achieved consistently high SVR rates with acceptable tolerability and safety at all dose levels. The 120 and 240 mg QD doses are currently undergoing phase 3 evaluation. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:2143-2154).
Accuracy and reliability of the scaling-relaxation method for loop closure: An evaluation based on extensive and multiple copy conformational samplings (1996)

The accuracy and reliability of the recently proposed scaling-relaxation method for loop closure were examined by using extensive conformational sampling. For each of the eight heptapeptides chosen to represent a variety of protein conformations, 1,000-2,000 conformations were sampled. Each segment contained 14 rotatable backbone dihedral angles. The average root mean square deviations (RMSDs) between the predicted and the native conformations were 0.7 angstrom for the backbone and 1.2 angstroms for the side chain atoms. These predictions were substantially more accurate than the previous predictions (1.1 angstroms for the backbone and 2.2 angstroms for the side chain atoms) of the same eight protein segments based on limited conformational sampling (100 conformations for each segment). Large prediction errors mostly occurred at polar and surface side chains that are unlikely to have any meaningful conformation. Moreover, the reliability of seven of the eight predictions was demonstrated with their energy-RMSD and stability-RMSD correlations of the low-energy conformations, where the conformational stability was estimated by using the multiple copy simultaneous sampling method.
Restructuring the surface region of donor doped SrTiO3single crystals under oxidizing conditions (1999)

Abstract The cation-vacancy-compensation mechanism of donor doped SrTiO3 single crystals has been investigated on a 2.3at% La doped specimen. Slices with surface smoothness at atomic scale were treated in oxygen at 1380°C for 100h. Thereafter, crystallites of characteristic shape have been found on the surface. Several techniques such as optical microscope, SEM with EDX, AFM and SIMS have been used to describe the reformation of the surface and to analyze the structural composition of the new phases. SrO-rich compositions have been found. The surface seemed to be enriched with Sr and yielded steps which could be interpreted in terms of Ruddlesden Popper-phases ((SrTiO3)n*SrO). These results were compared with similar experiments on donor doped ceramics. Finally, an interpretation with respect to point defect chemistry and the formation of extended defects is proposed.
Membrane microdomains and cAMP compartmentation (2012)

The role of different membrane domains in the compartmentation of cAMP signaling was investigated using the FRET‐based Epac2‐ camps biosensor. The MyrPalm sequence from Lyn kinase and the CAAX sequence from Rho GTPase were used to target this probe to lipid raft (Epac2‐MyrPalm) or non‐lipid raft (Epac2‐CAAX) membrane domains in HEK293 cells. FRET responses were used to monitor relative changes in cAMP activity. Stimulating cAMP production by maximally activating prostaglandin or beta‐adrenergic receptors elicited similar sized responses in cells expressing Epac2‐MyrPalm. Yet, the maximal responses to receptor activation were significantly smaller in cells expressing Epac2‐CAAX. Differences in the magnitude of the responses detected by the two biosensors could reflect phosphodiesterase (PDE)‐dependent compartmentation of receptor‐mediated cAMP signaling. However, those differences remained even after PDE activity was inhibited. Alternatively, Epac2‐CAAX could be sensing higher basal levels of cAMP, reducing the apparent magnitude of the maximal response detected upon subsequent receptor activation due to saturation of the probe. Consistent with this idea, inhibition of basal adenylyl cyclase activity with MDL 12330A produced an inhibitory response in cells expressing Epac2‐CAAX, but not Epac2‐MyrPalm. These results indicate that there are diffusionally‐restricted pools of cAMP associated with different microdomains of the plasma membrane under basal conditions.
Immunocytochemical localization of distinct isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of normal rat kidney. (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule that functions as a vasodilator and accounts for the biologic activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). The enzyme responsible for NO production, NO synthase (NOS), exists in different isoforms. Some are expressed constitutively in various tissues, whereas others require induction by endotoxin and cytokines. There is evidence that NO plays an important role in the regulation of basal renal vascular resistance and in the tubuloglomerular feedback response. Specific antibodies to a constitutive NOS isolated from rat brain (B-NOS) and an inducible NOS isolated from rat aortic smooth muscle (VSM-NOS) were used to establish the cellular and subcellular distribution of NOS in the kidney. Kidneys from normal rats were preserved and processed for light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical studies using both a preembedding and a postembedding horseradish peroxidase technique. By light microscopy, strong immunostaining for B-NOS was observed in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, where it was located in cells of the macula densa. In contrast, immunostaining for VSM-NOS was specifically located in the terminal afferent arteriole and occasionally also in the initial efferent arteriole in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. In addition, faint immunostaining was present in the entire distal tubule. There was no labeling of arcuate or interlobular arteries. The injection of lipopolysaccharide was associated with increased immunostaining for VSM-NOS in the afferent arteriole but had no effect on B-NOS staining. By electron microscopy, B-NOS immunostaining was present throughout the cytoplasm of the macula densa cells, where it appeared to be associated mainly with small vesicles. Immunostaining for VSM-NOS in the afferent arteriole exhibited a patchy distribution in some cells, whereas other cells were stained throughout the cytoplasm. These results indicate that two distinct isoforms of NOS are present in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and support the hypothesis that NOS is involved in the regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback and glomerular capillary pressure.
Pattern Classification Applying Neighbourhood Component Analysis and Swarm Evolutionary Algorithms: A Coupled Methodology (2021)

In this work we present a pattern classification approach coupling the Neighbourhood Component Analysis (NCA) classifier with the Canonical Differential Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (C-DEEPSO). The standard NCA uses the conjugate gradient method to minimize the classification error. Here we propose an approach using the C-DEEPSO instead. In the experimental design, the coupled approach is applied to 20 benchmark data sets, and its performance is compared with the standard NCA using the conjugate gradient. The experimental analysis shows the usage of an evolutionary approach to enhance the performance of a machine learning algorithm can be competitive when compared to well-known iterative optimization techniques, and even outperform them in some problems. A real-world problem classifying cyber-attacks to an industrial control system of gas pipelines is also solved by the proposed approach. The results obtained indicate the proposed approach can successfully identify possible cyber-attacks to the control system. In this way, the NCA coupled to C-DEEPSO can work as an Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), being able to guarantee an acceptable security level.
The Radius of Curvature of the Inferior Distal Clavicle Is Similar to That of the Glenoid in Both the Axial and Coronal Planes and Similar to the Inferior Coracoid (2023)

CT analysis reveals that the congruent-arc DCA technique provides a robust graft with dimensions that are suitable for reconstruction of the anterior glenoid.
Investigations of Topic Dynamics in Web Search (2005)

The authors describe a case in which flupenthixol decanoate and imipramine were co-administered to a patient with schizophrenia, resulting in extremely high levels of imipramine and its metabolite, desipramine. The literature on the co-administration of neuroleptics and antidepressants is reviewed and guidelines for limiting possible iatrogenic effects of the combination are suggested.
Understanding the Effect of Interlayers at the Thiophosphate Solid Electrolyte/Lithium Interface for All-Solid-State Li Batteries (2018)

All-solid-state Li-ion batteries afford possibilities to enhance battery safety while improving their energy and power densities. Current challenges for achieving high-performance all-solid-state batteries with long cycle life include shorting resulting predominantly from Li dendrite formation and infiltration through the solid electrolyte (SE) and increases in cell impedance induced by SE decomposition at the SE/electrode interface. In this work, we evaluate the electrochemical properties of two interlayer materials, Si and LixAl(2–x/3)O3 (LiAlO), at the Li7P3S11 (LPS)/Li interface. Compared to the Li/LPS/Li symmetric cells in absence of interlayers, the presence of Si and LiAlO both significantly enhance the cycle number and total charge passing through the interface before failures resulting from cell shorting. In both cases, the noted improvements were accompanied by cell impedances that had increased substantially. The data reveal that both interlayers prevent the direct exposure of LPS to the metallic Li and therefore eliminate the intrinsic LPS decomposition that occurs at Li surfaces before electrochemical cycling. After cycling, a reduction of LPS to Li2S occurs at the interface when a Si interlayer is present; LiAlO, which functions to drop the potential between Li and LPS, suppresses LPS decomposition processes. The relative propensities toward SE decomposition follows from the electrochemical potentials at the interface, which are dictated by the identities of the interlayer materials. This work provides new insights into the phase dynamics associated with specific choices for SE/electrode interlayer materials and the requirements they impose for realizing high efficiency, long lasting all-solid-state batteries.
Compensation of temporal and spatial dispersion for multiphoton acousto-optic laser-scanning microscopy (2003)

In laser-scanning microscopy, acousto-optic (AO) deflection provides a means to quickly position a laser beam to random locations throughout the field-of-view. Compared to conventional laser-scanning using galvanometer-driven mirrors, this approach increases the frame rate and signal-to-noise ratio, and reduces time spent illuminating sites of no interest. However, random-access AO scanning has not yet been combined with multi-photon microscopy, primarily because the femtosecond laser pulses employed are subject to significant amounts of both spatial and temporal dispersion upon propagation through common AO materials. Left uncompensated, spatial dispersion reduces the microscope’s spatial resolution while temporal dispersion reduces the multi-photon excitation efficacy. In previous work, we have demonstrated, 1) the efficacy of a single diffraction grating scheme which reduces the spatial dispersion at least 3-fold throughout the field-of-view, and 2) the use of a novel stacked-prism pre-chirper for compensating the temporal dispersion of a pair of AODs using a shorter mechanical path length (2-4X) than standard prism-pair arrangements. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the use of these compensation approaches with a custom-made large-area slow-shear TeO2 AOD specifically suited for the development of a high-resolution 2-D random-access AO scanning multi-photon laser-scanning microscope (AO-MPLSM).
Synthesis, characterization, and x-ray structure determination of chromium(I) nitrosyl complexes with macrocyclic ligands (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, characterization, and x-ray structure determination of chromium(I) nitrosyl complexes with macrocyclic ligandsDennis. Wester, Robert C. Edwards, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 5, 1055–1060Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50171a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50171a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Elevated lysosomal pH in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) (2001)

We report here the intracellular (pHi) and lysosomal pH in fibroblasts of six forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). Acid extrusion rate and pH(i) values were measured by the membrane-permeant acetoxymethyl ester of the indicator dye, 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxy-fluorescein (BCECF) and lysosomal pH by a spectrofluorometric assay utilizing a novel acidotropic probe, Lysosensor yellow/blue. Intracellular pH was normal in all NCLs. Elevated lysosomal pH was detected in all NCL forms except CLN2 and CLN8. Elevated pH most probably disturbs the catalytic activity of lysosomes and is one important factor in explaining accumulation of ceroid and lipofuscin-like autofluorescent lipopigments characteristic of NCLs. Using the novel spectrofluorometric assay introduced in this study provides a fast and repeatable technique to measure intralysosomal pH from cell suspensions.
EFFECT OF la-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL (1975)

A B S T R A C T Calcium absorption in 30-cm segments of small intestine was measured by constant perfusion of test solutions containing different concentrations of calcium gluconate. In both the jejunum and ileum, calcium absorption rates increased progressively as luminal calcium concentration was increased stepwise between 1 and 20 mM. Although calcium transport was not saturable within these limits, unidirectional flux ratios of calcium (7Ca) suggest that calcium absorption is active in both the jejunum and ileum. Calcium absorption in patients with chronic renal disease was markedly depressed in both regions of the small intestine. This was due to decreased flux out of the lumen; flux in the reverse direction was normal. Flux ratios in the renal disease patients showed no evidence for active calcium transport. Treatment of these patients for 1 wk with 2 ug/day of la-hydroxycholecalciferol [la-(OH)-Da] restored net calcium absorption and unidirectional calcium flux out of the lumen to normal values in the jejunum; in the ileum, la-(OH)-D3 increased calcium absorption 60-83% of normal at the various luminal calcium concentrations. 1a(OH)-Ds had no effect on unidirectional calcium flux into the lumen or on xylose and electrolyte absorption in either area of the small intestine.
State of the Art and Potentialities of Graph-level Learning (2023)

Graphs have a superior ability to represent relational data, like chemical compounds, proteins, and social networks. Hence, graph-level learning, which takes a set of graphs as input, has been applied to many tasks including comparison, regression, classification, and more. Traditional approaches to learning a set of graphs heavily rely on hand-crafted features, such as substructures. But while these methods benefit from good interpretability, they often suffer from computational bottlenecks as they cannot skirt the graph isomorphism problem. Conversely, deep learning has helped graph-level learning adapt to the growing scale of graphs by extracting features automatically and encoding graphs into low-dimensional representations. As a result, these deep graph learning methods have been responsible for many successes. Yet, there is no comprehensive survey that reviews graph-level learning starting with traditional learning and moving through to the deep learning approaches. This article fills this gap and frames the representative algorithms into a systematic taxonomy covering traditional learning, graph-level deep neural networks, graph-level graph neural networks, and graph pooling. To ensure a thoroughly comprehensive survey, the evolutions, interactions, and communications between methods from four different branches of development are also examined. This is followed by a brief review of the benchmark data sets, evaluation metrics, and common downstream applications. The survey concludes with a broad overview of 12 current and future directions in this booming field.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Retrograde Intramedullary Stabilization for Femoral Fractures (2007)

Surgical decision making regarding the use of either the antegrade or retrograde approach will be influenced by both the stability provided (antegrade) and the ease of insertion (retrograde).
Long-Term Rehabilitation of Salt Contaminated Bridge Decks (1983)

This report covers critical review and experimental work conducted on new methods for the rehabilitation of salt-contaminated bridge decks. Emphasis was given to improving techniques for the impregnation of concrete with poly(methyl methacrylate), and to the concept of scarification to remove the top layer of concrete, followed by impregnation with a polymer or corrosion inhibitor, and overlaying with a low-permeability concrete. Exploratory research with the electrochemical removal of salt was also conducted. (Author)
Investigation of lithium sulfur dioxide (Li/SO2) battery safety hazards -- chemical studies. Final report 24 Dec 80-23 dec 81 (1982)

The chemistry associated with the discharge and forced overdischarge of the Li/SO2 cell was investigated in detail. A procedure for the quantitative determination of Li2S2O4 in discharged Li/SO2 cells is described. The amount of Li2S2O4 found in cells discharged to potentials down to zero volt was in very good agreement with the discharge stoichiometry, 2Li + 2SO2 yields Li2S2O4. The Li2S2O4 formed in the carbon cathode was also characterized by infrared, ESCA, and X-ray analyses. A number of organic compounds including CH4 and 3,5-diamino-2,4-hexenenitrile have been identified in forced overdischarged cells. Products identified in cells which vented during forced overdischarge include: CO2, CS2, COS, H2S, CH4, C2H4, C2H2, Li2S, and Li2SO3.