gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA-Seq of single prostate CTCs implicates noncanonical Wnt signaling in antiandrogen resistance (2015)

Prostate cancer is initially responsive to androgen deprivation, but the effectiveness of androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors in recurrent disease is variable. Biopsy of bone metastases is challenging; hence, sampling circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may reveal drug-resistance mechanisms. We established single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) profiles of 77 intact CTCs isolated from 13 patients (mean six CTCs per patient), by using microfluidic enrichment. Single CTCs from each individual display considerable heterogeneity, including expression of AR gene mutations and splicing variants. Retrospective analysis of CTCs from patients progressing under treatment with an AR inhibitor, compared with untreated cases, indicates activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling (P = 0.0064). Ectopic expression of Wnt5a in prostate cancer cells attenuates the antiproliferative effect of AR inhibition, whereas its suppression in drug-resistant cells restores partial sensitivity, a correlation also evident in an established mouse model. Thus, single-cell analysis of prostate CTCs reveals heterogeneity in signaling pathways that could contribute to treatment failure.
The internet edge : social, legal, and technological challenges for a networked world (1999)

The is our collective struggle to change as the world becomes more connected. Turmoil at the Internet edge occurs around interacting social, legal and technological realms. Examples include issues of on-line privacy, censorship, digital copyright and untaxed business competition over the Net. Such issues reflect conflicts between values - local and global, individual and corporate, democratic and non-democratic. The book is an eagle's eye view of the Internet edge. It is about the experiences of those who encountered similar issues as they built precursors to the Net such as videotext, teletext and the Source. It is about the trends in technology that will make the Net of the next few years a very differenct experience from the desk-top surfing of today. It is also about how old myths of magic, power and control can help us to understand our fascination with and fear of new technologies.
Management of comorbidities in dementia patients (2017)

Abstract Despite recent evidence for a marked decrease in dementia incidence over the past decades, it is highly likely that the absolute number of people with dementia will continue to increase as a function of population ageing. Furthermore, two-thirds of the population with dementia live in developing countries where this entity is already responsible for 25% of cases with severe incapacity. Thus, dementia will remain a worldwide public health concern in the twenty-first century. Interaction between comorbidities and dementia is complex: are comorbidities dementia- or age-related? Presentation of illness is atypical in older populations but particularly so in individuals with dementia. How should one then detect and measure the comorbidity burden, what is the best management and the most ethically correct approach to decision-making? This chapter will review current knowledge in the field and discuss basic principles that can be applied to ensure optimal care of comorbidities in people with dementia.
Induction of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by a Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2019)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a worldwide public health concern for which no vaccine is available. Elucidation of the prefusion structure of the RSV F glycoprotein and its identification as the main target of neutralizing antibodies have provided new opportunities for development of an effective vaccine. Here, we describe the structure-based design of a self-assembling protein nanoparticle presenting a prefusion-stabilized variant of the F glycoprotein trimer (DS-Cav1) in a repetitive array on the nanoparticle exterior. The two-component nature of the nanoparticle scaffold enabled the production of highly ordered, monodisperse immunogens that display DS-Cav1 at controllable density. In mice and nonhuman primates, the full-valency nanoparticle immunogen displaying 20 DS-Cav1 trimers induced neutralizing antibody responses ∼10-fold higher than trimeric DS-Cav1. These results motivate continued development of this promising nanoparticle RSV vaccine candidate and establish computationally designed two-component nanoparticles as a robust and customizable platform for structure-based vaccine design.
Three-dimensional Multi-parameter Mapping of Relaxation Times and Susceptibility Using Partially RF-spoiled Gradient Echo (2022)

The proposed QPM method can map T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub>*, PD, susceptibility, and B<sub>1</sub> simultaneously within a scan time that can be applied to human subjects.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active and Selective Catalysts for the Formation of α‐Aryl Ketones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low-Rank and Sparse Decomposition Based Frame Difference Method for Small Infrared Target Detection in Coastal Surveillance (2016)

Detecting small infrared targets is a difficult but important task in highly cluttered coastal surveillance. The paper proposed a method called low-rank and sparse decomposition based frame difference to improve the detection performance of a surveillance system. First, the frame difference is used in adjacent frames to detect the candidate object regions which we are most interested in. Then we further exclude clutters by low-rank and sparse matrix recovery. Finally, the targets are extracted from the recovered target component by a local self-adaptive threshold. The experiment results show that, the method could effectively enhance the system's signal-to-clutter ratio gain and background suppression factor, and precisely extract target in highly cluttered coastal scene.
Acquiring and characterizing plane-to-ray indirect light transport (2018)

Separation of light transport into direct and indirect paths has enabled new visualizations of light in everyday scenes. However, indirect light itself contains a variety of components from subsurface scattering to diffuse and specular interreflections, all of which contribute to complex visual appearance. In this paper, we present a new imaging technique that captures and analyzes these components of indirect light via light transport between epipolar planes of illumination and rays of received light. This plane-to-ray light transport is captured using a rectified projector-camera system where we vary the offset between projector and camera rows (implemented as synchronization delay) as well as the exposure of each camera row. The resulting delay-exposure stack of images can capture live short and long-range indirect light transport, disambiguate subsurface scattering, diffuse and specular interreflections, and distinguish materials according to their subsurface scattering properties.
Increased expression and differential phosphorylation of stathmin may promote prostate cancer progression (2007)

Stathmin expression is highest when the prostate is undergoing morphogenesis or tumorigenesis and these processes may be regulated through differential phosphorylation. Furthermore, modulation of stathmin phosphorylation may correlate with the development of androgen-independent PCa.
Method of making a layered composite electrode/electrolyte (2023)

An electrode/electrolyte structure is prepared by a plurality of methods. An unsintered (possibly bisque fired) moderately catalytic electronically-conductive or homogeneous mixed ionic electronic conductive electrode material is deposited on a layer composed of a sintered or unsintered ionically-conductive electrolyte material prior to being sintered. A layer of particulate electrode material is deposited on an unsintered ("green") layer of electrolyte material and the electrode and electrolyte layers are sintered simultaneously, sometimes referred to as "co-firing," under conditions suitable to fully densify the electrolyte while the electrode retains porosity. Or, the layer of particulate electrode material is deposited on a previously sintered layer of electrolyte, and then sintered. Subsequently, a catalytic material is added to the electrode structure by infiltration of an electrolcatalyst precursor (e.g., a metal salt such as a transition metal nitrate). This may be followed by low temperature firing to convert the precursor to catalyst. The invention allows for an electrode with high electronic conductivity and sufficient catalytic activity to achieve high power density in an ionic (electrochemical) device such as fuel cells and electrolytic gas separation systems.
Spatially resolved measurement of ionization yields in the focus of an intense laser pulse (2011)

We introduce a novel technique for measuring spatially resolved photoionization yields of gas-phase ions created in an intense-laser focus. Overcoming the limitations of traditional experiments where the ionization yield is integrated over the entire focal volume, the technique provides precise information on the ionization dynamics over a wide range of intensities between the appearance intensity of the lowest charge state up to relativistic intensities. The new method provides insights into the ionization process beyond the saturation intensity and, at the same time, a precise way for noninvasive, in situ focus diagnostics. We demonstrate these advances for the case of strong-field ionization of argon. The data are analyzed using the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) formula (Ammosov et al 1986 Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 91 2008). © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Protection of Rats against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection Induced by Platelets Stimulated with the Murine Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (1990)

Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF alpha) and lymphotoxin (rTNF beta) have been shown to enhance the schistosomicidal activity of human platelets in vitro. In this report, we demonstrated that the murine rTNF was able to induce the in vitro cytotoxic activity of both murine and rat platelets towards the larvae of Schistosoma mansoni, whereas human rTNFs activated only the murine platelets. Passive transfer of platelets stimulated with murine rTNF significantly protected rats up to a 65% reduction of the worm burden. Thus, rTNF may constitute, via its interactions with effector cells, an important regulatory mechanism during the parasitic infection of rats.
Identification of new cancer biomarkers based on aberrant mucin glycoforms by in situ proximity ligation (2011)

Mucin glycoproteins are major secreted or membrane-bound molecules that, in cancer, show modifications in both the mucin proteins expression and in the O-glycosylation profile, generating some of the most relevant tumour markers in clinical use for decades. Thus far, the identification of these biomarkers has been based on the detection of either the protein or the O-glycan modifications. We therefore aimed to identify the combined mucin and O-glycan features, that is, specific glycoforms, in an attempt to increase specificity of these cancer biomarkers. Using in situ proximity ligation assays (PLA) based on existing monoclonal antibodies directed to MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 mucins and to cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens Tn, Sialyl-Tn (STn), T, Sialyl-Le(a) (SLe(a)) and Sialyl-Le(x) (SLe(x)) we screened a series of 28 mucinous adenocarcinomas from different locations (stomach, ampulla of Vater, colon, lung, breast and ovary) to detect specific mucin glycoforms. We detected Tn/STn/SLe(a)/SLe(x)-MUC1 and STn/SLe(a)/SLe(x)-MUC2 glycoforms in ≥50% of the cases, with a variable distribution among organs. Some new glycoforms-T/SLe(a)-MUC2, STn/T/SLe(a) SLe(x)-MUC5AC and STn/T/SLe(a)/SLe(x)-MUC6-were identified for the first time in the present study in a variable percentage of cases from different organs. In conclusion, application of the PLA technique allowed sensitive detection of specific aberrant mucin glycoforms in cancer, increasing specificity to the use of antibodies either to the mucin protein backbone or to the O-glycan haptens alone.
Doxorubicin induces ZAKα overexpression with a subsequent enhancement of apoptosis and attenuation of survivability in human osteosarcoma cells (2017)

Human osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant cancer of the bone. It exhibits a characteristic malignant osteoblastic transformation and produces a diseased osteoid. A previous study demonstrated that doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy decreases human OS cell proliferation and might enhance the relative RNA expression of ZAK. However, the impact of ZAKα overexpression on the OS cell proliferation that is inhibited by DOX and the molecular mechanism underlying this effect are not yet known. ZAK is a protein kinase of the MAPKKK family and functions to promote apoptosis. In our study, we found that ZAKα overexpression induced an apoptotic effect in human OS cells. Treatment of human OS cells with DOX enhanced ZAKα expression and decreased cancer cell viability while increasing apoptosis of human OS cells. In the meantime, suppression of ZAKα expression using shRNA and inhibitor D1771 both suppressed the DOX therapeutic effect. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying the DOX effect on human OS cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ZAKα enhances the apoptotic effect and decreases cell viability in DOX-treated human OS cells.
56 Gb/s DMT Transmission with VCSELs in 1.5 um Wavelength Range over up\n to 12 km for DWDM Intra-Data Center Connects (2020)

We demonstrate up to 12 km, 56 Gb/s DMT transmission using high-speed VCSELs\nin the 1.5 um wavelength range for future 400Gb/s intra-data center connects,\nenabled by vestigial sideband filtering of the transmit signal.\n
A general approach to the synthesis of polyquinenes via the Weiss reaction. 10. Transient formation of cis-tetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodeca-3,5,7,9-tetraene and an approach toward 10,11-dimethyl-cis-tetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodeca-3,5,7,9-tetraene (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general approach to the synthesis of polyquinenes via the Weiss reaction. 10. Transient formation of cis-tetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodeca-3,5,7,9-tetraene and an approach toward 10,11-dimethyl-cis-tetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodeca-3,5,7,9-tetraeneAshok K. Gupta, Kotha Sambasivarao, Brian Opansky, and James M. CookCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 14, 4480–4483Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00301a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00301a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Abstract 16303: Autonomic Dysfunction Parallels the Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Monocrotaline Rats (2016)

Introduction: Although autonomic dysfunction in PAH has been increasingly attracting clinical interest as a potential therapeutic option (e.g. pulmonary artery denervation), its relationship with the progression of PAH remains poorly understood. Thus we investigated how PAH alters the autonomic balance and its regulatory system, baroreflex, in monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH rats. Methods/Results: In Sprague-Dawley rats (n=35), we subcutaneously injected MCT (60 mg/kg) or saline for control (CTL), and evaluated the autonomic function 3 and 3.5 week after the injection. MCT markedly increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Increases in plasma norepinephrine and 24-hour urinary norepinephrine excretion paralleled the progression of PAH (Fig. 1). MCT decreased the high frequency component of heart rate variability (HR) (0.81±0.17 vs. 2.72±0.52 msec 2 , p p =0.063) indicating underlying parasympathetic deactivation. To examine baroreflex function, we isolated bilateral carotid sinuses and controlled carotid sinus pressure (CSP). We evaluated the static responses of arterial pressure (AP) to CSP. MCT significantly lowered the static gain (-0.22±0.22 vs. -0.8±0.31, p p Conclusions: The sympatho-parasympathetic imbalance and baroreflex dysfunction parallel the progression of PAH. The autonomic dysfunction may contribute to worsen the prognosis of severe PAH, thereby could serve as a new therapeutic option in PAH.
Generation of 224-Gb/s Multicarrier Offset-QAM Using a Real-Time Transmitter (2012)

We present the first real-time transmitter generating a multicarrier offset-QAM signal at 224 Gb/s after polarization multiplexing. Low penalties are achieved in a back-to- back experiment using a novel FPGA platform including two high-speed DACs running at 32 GS/s.
Mean and Unsteady Surface-Pressure Measurements on the BeVERLI Hill (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0468.vid The Benchmark Validation Experiments for RANS and LES Investigation (BeVERLI) project is an ongoing collaborative effort between experimental and computational fluid dynamics groups focusing on the advancement of our understanding and modeling capabilities for flows with a complex non-equilibrium turbulent boundary layer. Previous experimental campaigns have been focused on the collection of benchmark data sets for the flow over a 3D hill geometry to motivate and validate advancements in turbulence modeling techniques. The results presented are from experiments conducted using the same model at the Virginia Tech (VT) Stability Wind Tunnel and the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS) recirculating wind tunnel. Testing at these two facilities enabled for the identification of facility dependent phenomena. Mean and unsteady surface-pressure measurements were collected for the orientations of 0-deg and 45-deg. Mean surface-pressure contour plots are presented for the data collected at VT. Facility comparison is conducted through the mean surface-pressure trends along the model centerline and centerspan. Measurements collected at VT match with previously reported results using a larger scale model at the same facility. A previously reported bimodal asymmetry at 0-deg is explored in greater detail through the analysis of unsteady surface-pressure measurements using proper orthogonal decomposition, conditional averaging and tracking of the time elapsed between switching events. The first POD mode captures the bi-stable switching seen in the surface pressure field. The time elapsed between switches of the bi-stability was found to be a random process and not focused at a specific shedding frequency. Experiments at UTIAS are are ongoing to expand on these results and identify the mechanisms governing the bi-stability.
Structure and basicity of silyl ethers: a crystallographic and ab initio inquiry into the nature of silicon-oxygen interactions [Erratum to document cited in CA112(5):35958b] (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and basicity of silyl ethers: a crystallographic and ab initio inquiry into the nature of silicon-oxygen interactions [Erratum to document cited in CA112(5):35958b]Soroosh Shambayati, Stuart L. Schreiber, James F. Blake, Scott G. Wierschke, and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 16, 6155Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00172a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00172a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A passive, in situ micro strain gauge (2002)

A passive micro strain gauge based on the strain magnification technique has been designed, demonstrated, and characterized. This strain gauge can be fabricated in situ along with active micro sensors or actuators on the same chip for monitoring residual strain effects. Both tensile or compressive strain could be easily observed under optical microscopes and the resolution of strains as small as 0.001% could be achieved. The residual strain study of RTA (rapid thermal annealing) polysilicon is reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>