gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous vesiculation of large multilamellar vesicles composed of saturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol mixtures (1988)

The influence of temperature and ionic strength on the vesiculation properties of large multilamellar vesicles containing various proportions of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol has been investigated. It is shown that at low ionic strengths preformed large multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (7:3) on incubation at the gel to liquid-crystalline transition temperature (Tc approximately 23 degrees C) spontaneously vesiculate to form predominantly unilamellar systems with a mean diameter of 120 nm. Such vesiculation is not observed for incubations at temperatures appreciably above or below Tc, and is also inhibited by higher ionic strengths. Stable large multilamellar vesicles are formed, however, in systems containing the dioleoyl species of phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylglycerol and also for dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/dimyristoylphosphatidylserine mixtures. The vesiculation properties of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol mixtures, therefore, appear to reflect an instability in the region of the Tc driven by surface potential effects which are specific for the glycerol headgroup.
Cover Picture: Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoworms for Tumor Targeting and Imaging (Adv. Mater. 9/2008) (2008)

The synthesis and biological behavior of tumor-homing magnetic iron oxide nanoworms consisting of a chain-like aggregation of iron oxide nanoparticle cores in a dextran coating are reported by Michael J. Sailor and co-workers on p. 1630. The elongated particles display an enhanced magnetic resonance response and long in vivo circulation times. When conjugated with a tumor-targeting peptide, they interact more effectively with a tumor-based target in vitro relative to spherical nanoparticles.
Data from Preclinical Pharmacology, Antitumor Activity, and Development of Pharmacodynamic Markers for the Novel, Potent AKT Inhibitor CCT128930 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;AKT is frequently deregulated in cancer, making it an attractive anticancer drug target. CCT128930 is a novel ATP-competitive AKT inhibitor discovered using fragment- and structure-based approaches. It is a potent, advanced lead pyrrolopyrimidine compound exhibiting selectivity for AKT over PKA, achieved by targeting a single amino acid difference. CCT128930 exhibited marked antiproliferative activity and inhibited the phosphorylation of a range of AKT substrates in multiple tumor cell lines &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, consistent with AKT inhibition. CCT128930 caused a G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; arrest in &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt;-null U87MG human glioblastoma cells, consistent with AKT pathway blockade. Pharmacokinetic studies established that potentially active concentrations of CCT128930 could be achieved in human tumor xenografts. Furthermore, CCT128930 also blocked the phosphorylation of several downstream AKT biomarkers in U87MG tumor xenografts, indicating AKT inhibition &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Antitumor activity was observed with CCT128930 in U87MG and HER2-positive, &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt;-mutant BT474 human breast cancer xenografts, consistent with its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. A quantitative immunofluorescence assay to measure the phosphorylation and total protein expression of the AKT substrate PRAS40 in hair follicles is presented. Significant decreases in pThr246 PRAS40 occurred in CCT128930-treated mouse whisker follicles &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and human hair follicles treated &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt;, with minimal changes in total PRAS40. In conclusion, CCT128930 is a novel, selective, and potent AKT inhibitor that blocks AKT activity &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and induces marked antitumor responses. We have also developed a novel biomarker assay for the inhibition of AKT in human hair follicles, which is currently being used in clinical trials. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 10(2); 360–71. ©2010 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photoluminescence imaging of silicon modules in a string (2022)

Abstract Spectral imaging techniques are a powerful tool for surveillance and monitoring of degradation mechanisms in PV modules. Luminescence images of solar modules have until recently been predominantly acquired in controlled laboratory settings. Recent attempts have been made in detecting luminescence in daylight. This study aims to present a proof of concept for detection of photoluminescence with sunlight excitation. It enables imaging of several modules in a string as well as several strings simultaneously by changing the operating point through wireless and contactless communication with one or more string inverters. This new approach is validated with the electroluminescence technique as well as with an already established photoluminescence technique under sunlight excitation. Due to the string inverter's reaction time, the change in illumination results in lower image quality. However, with a more up‐to‐date imaging equipment, this approach is promising for identification of certain degradation mechanisms which can be detected with lower resolution such as large area damage and inactive areas. Further studies are needed to optimize the method and potentially use it in connection with an unmanned aerial vehicle inspection.
Synthesis of Monobactams via the Diastereoselective Kinugasa Reaction (2018)

The Kinugasa reaction between phthalimidoacetylene and cyclic nitrones derived from l-phenylglycine or l-serine and glyoxylic acid­, catalyzed by copper(I) chloride in the presence of triethylamine, is reported. The acetylene molecule approaches the nitrone exclusively anti to the bulky substituent next to the nitrogen atom to provide the cis-substituted β-lactam ring preferentially. The six-membered oxazinone ring can be easily opened, the phthaloyl residue can be transformed into a Boc protecting group, and substituents at the C-4 carbon atom and the nitrogen atom of the β-lactam ring can be easily removed or transformed into groups suitable for further synthesis of a variety of monobactam structures. Selected synthesized compounds were evaluated for their biological activity, showing interesting properties.
Reduced complexity maximum likelihood estimator for high speed wireless access-TCS-MLSCE (2002)

This paper proposes a received signal estimator with excellent compensation capability against multipath distortion, referred to the estimator as tap coefficient shift maximum likelihood symbol candidate estimator (TCS-MLSCE). The estimator adopts symbol-by-symbol maximum likelihood criterion based on both symbol candidates and decision feedback data for pre- and post-cursor estimates, respectively. It is shown that the structure can dramatically reduce the hardware size and the amount of calculation, compared to those of maximum likelihood sequence type estimators. By introducing a tap coefficient shift algorithm, the estimator improves the performance, especially in a case of a non-minimum phase. In the simulation, the degradation against DDFSE ranges less than 2.5 dB of E/sub b//E/sub 0/.
Cell adhesion and tumor metastasis. (1994)

Integrins, among the various classes of cell adhesion receptors, are particularly associated with cell adhesion to extracellular matrices. They are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins with large ectodomains and short cytoplasmic tails. In many cases the sequence recognized by the integrins in the extracellular matrix proteins is the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). Short synthetic peptides containing this sequence can inhibit tumor cell invasion in vitro and tumor dissemination in vivo. Because the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin appears to be the target of the peptides in many types of tumors, we have used phage display libraries to analyze the specificity of alpha 5 beta 1 and have isolated potent and specific inhibitors for this integrin. Increased expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, which is a fibronectin receptor, can also suppress cell migration and tumor cell invasion. We suggest this effect may be mediated through increased deposition of fibronectin matrix around the cells, because we found that the fibrillar matrix fibronectin suppresses tumor cell migration. There is increasing evidence that signals are elicited by the binding of integrins to their target proteins. This possibility has generated a great deal of interest in the cytoplasmic molecules that might mediate the integrin-associated signaling. At least two kinases, a novel tyrosine kinase, focal adhesion kinase (fak), and protein kinase C (PKC), are activated by integrin-mediated cell attachment. Moreover, a phosphorylated 190 kDa protein-associated with the alpha v beta 3 integrin has been found Anchorage dependence of cells and the migration-promoting activity of cell adhesion molecules are likely to depend on signal transduction through such molecules.
Performance Improvements to the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) (1998)

Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) is the first fully-engineered, modular, tunable, autonomous Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system for the remote measurement of water vapor, aerosols and clouds across the troposphere. It was designed, built and environmentally tested at LARC. LASE was designed to fly aboard a NASA/Ames ER-2 aircraft (NASA's high altitude aircraft) and operate at altitudes from 58,000 to 70,000 feet. Since its first flight on May 11, 1994, it has flown 28 total missions on board the ER-2. LASE has been validated with results showing an accuracy better than the initial requirement for vertical profiles of water vapor in the troposphere. LASE can also deploy on several other aircraft including the NASA P-3 and will fly aboard the NASA DC-8 during the Convection And Moisture EXperiment (CAMEX) in July-September 1998. The tunable laser system of LASE was designed to operate in a double-pulse mode at 5Hz, with energy outputs of up to 15OmJ per pulse in the 813 to 819nm wavelength region and with 99% of the output energy within a spectral interval of 1.06 pm. Sixteen wavelengths were selected to cover the various water vapor absorption cross sections needed for the DIAL measurement. The Ti:Sapphire laser was constructed using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser as the pump source and a single mode diode laser as a injection seeder for the Ti:Al2O3 laser. We have improved the LASE instrument in several important ways. Improvements to the seed source have demonstrated that DFB laser diodes can be used as reliable seed sources on airborne DIAL instruments. The DFB diode has enabled LASE to gather more data and significantly reduced the maintenance required to insure that the system performance requirements are met. The multiwavelength sequential seeding technique is the current method of data collection for LASE. It has the advantages of providing an entire atmospheric coverage of H2O(v) from the ground to the aircraft altitude along a single ground track. The development of a flight deployable system to measure spectral purity will insure that the LASE instrument or any future flight based DIAL system can meet the performance specifications to insure data accuracy.
Pellet bed reactor concepts for nuclear propulsion applications (1994)

Pellet bed reactor (PeBR) concepts have been developed for nuclear thermal and nuclear electric propulsion, and bimodal applications. This annular core, fast spectrum reactor offers many desirable design and safety features. These features include high-power density, small reactor size, full retention of fission products, passive decay heat removal, redundancy in reactor control, negative temperature reactivity feedback, ground testing of the fully assembled reactor using electric heating and nonnuclear fuel elements, and the option of fueling on the launch pad or fueling and refueling in orbit. In addition to these features, the concepts for nuclear electric propulsion and for bimodal power and thermal propulsion have no single point failure. The average power density in the reactor for nuclear thermal propulsion ranges from 2.2 to 3.3 MW/I and for a 15-MWe nuclear electric propulsion system the total power system specific mass is about 3.3 kg/kWe. The bimodal-PeBR system concepts offer specific impulse in excess of 650 s, tens of Newtons of thrust, and total system specific power ranging from 11 to 21.9 We/kg at the 10- and 40-kWe levels, respectively. 35 refs.
Bilateral Cyclic Constraint and Adaptive Regularization for Unsupervised\n Monocular Depth Prediction (2019)

Supervised learning methods to infer (hypothesize) depth of a scene from a\nsingle image require costly per-pixel ground-truth. We follow a geometric\napproach that exploits abundant stereo imagery to learn a model to hypothesize\nscene structure without direct supervision. Although we train a network with\nstereo pairs, we only require a single image at test time to hypothesize\ndisparity or depth. We propose a novel objective function that exploits the\nbilateral cyclic relationship between the left and right disparities and we\nintroduce an adaptive regularization scheme that allows the network to handle\nboth the co-visible and occluded regions in a stereo pair. This process\nultimately produces a model to generate hypotheses for the 3-dimensional\nstructure of the scene as viewed in a single image. When used to generate a\nsingle (most probable) estimate of depth, our method outperforms\nstate-of-the-art unsupervised monocular depth prediction methods on the KITTI\nbenchmarks. We show that our method generalizes well by applying our models\ntrained on KITTI to the Make3d dataset.\n
Method and apparatus for obtaining enhanced production rate of thermal chemical reactions (2023)

Reactors and processes are disclosed that can utilize high heat fluxes to obtain fast, steady-state reaction rates. Porous catalysts used in conjunction with microchannel reactors to obtain high rates of heat transfer are also disclosed. Reactors and processes that utilize short contact times, high heat flux and low pressure drop are described. Improved methods of steam reforming are also provided.
Sensor Fusion in MR Headsets (2020)

An MR headset experience is only as good as its combined display and sensor systems. Thus, motion-to-photon (MTP) latency is a critical spec that defines the quality of the visual and global sensory experience. MTP latency is also instrumental in reducing the well-documented VR/AR motion sickness (vestibular nausea).
Electronic cardiac medicine: present and future opportunities (2010)

The second half of the 20th century witnessed a revolution in electronic medicine similar to that in pharmacology in the decades before. The advent of the implantable pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, cardiac resynchronisation therapies, insertable loop recorders and more, have improved diagnoses and reduced mortality and morbidity in millions of patients suffering from cardiac disease. The possibility to monitor patients continually without need for frequent office visits has the potential to reduce follow-up burden on physicians, facilitate increased use of home-based care and further improve the safety for patients. This review summarises the role of cardiac device therapies today and some of the developments which we can hope for in the nearest future.
Parkinsonian monkeys with prior levodopa‐induced dyskinesias followed by fetal dopamine precursor grafts do not display graft‐induced dyskinesias (2016)

Clinical trials testing the hypothesis that fetal dopamine grafts would provide antiparkinsonian benefit in patients who had already developed side effects from their long-term use of L-dopa revealed, in some cases, the presence of dyskinesias even in the absence of L-dopa. The form, intensity, and frequency of these dyskinesias were quite variable, but their manifestation slowed the clinical development of cell replacement therapies. Rodent models of graft-induced dyskinesias (GIDs) have been proposed, but their accuracy in modeling GIDs has been questioned because they usually require amphetamine for their presentation. The present study attempted to model GIDs in parkinsonian monkeys and, for the first time, to test the effect of grafts on previously dyskinetic monkeys. Toward this end, monkeys were rendered parkinsonian with n-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and dyskinetic with levodopa. They then received intraputamenal grafts of fetal dopaminergic cells, control cerebellar cells, or vehicle bilaterally and were studied for 18 months. Dopaminergic cells were grafted in a manner designed to produce either "hot spot" or "widespread" striatal innervation. Although levodopa-induced dyskinesias could be elicited postoperatively, GIDs were never observed in any animal at any time after grafting. Grafted monkeys were also challenged with levodopa but did not show any greater responses to these challenges than before grafting. These studies support the development of future dopamine neuron cell transplantation therapy-based approaches, indicating that in relevant primate models with appropriate cell preparation methodology, with successful graft survival and putamenal dopamine innervation, there is no evidence of graft-induced dyskinesias. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:498-512, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An effective scheme for pre-emptive priorities in dual bus Metropolitan Area Networks (1992)

The IEEE 802.6 standard for Metropolitan Area Networks does not provide multiple priority traffic for connectionless data services. A priority mechanism that was considered for the standard showed to be not effective. As of now, there exists no protocol for multiple access dual bus networks that is able to implement pre-emptive priorites and, at the same time, can satisfy minimal fairness requirements for transmissions at the highest priority level. In this study, a protocol with strictly pre-emptive priorities, i.e., a protocol that does not admit low priority traffic if the load from high priority traffic exceeds the capacity of the transmission channel, is presented. The protocol is derived from a unique bandwidth allocation scheme with a full utilization of the bus capacity, with a fair distribution of bandwidth respective to traffic from a particular priority level and with pre-emptive priorities. The performance of the presented protocol is compared to a priority mechanism that is based on the bandwidth balancing mechanism. It is shown that adopting the new protocol results in shorter access delays for high priority transmissions.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Ionophores. Part 6. Asymmetric Induction in the Permanganate‐Promoted Oxidative Cyclization of 1,5‐Dienes. (1990)

Abstract The oxidative cyclization of the enantiomerically enriched dienoate (I) functionalized with a chiral auxiliary gives products (II) + (III) with relatively low stereodifferentiation.
The effect of temperature on lipid classes and their fatty acid profiles inLipomyces starkeyi (1996)

Abstract The effect of environmental temperature on fatty acid contents of major lipid classes was determined in Lipomyces starkeyi at 30, 20, and 10°C. When the temperature was reduced from 30 to 20°C, the linolenic acid content increased in phosphatidylcholine but fell with further reduction to 10°C. The relative contribution of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine that contained the next lowest‐melting fatty acids, palmitoleic and linoleic acids, increased on lowering the temperature from 20 to 10°C and, concomitantly, the combined phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine fraction decreased, and triacylglycerols were accumulated.
Toxicity and In Vitro Metabolism of <I>t</I>-Permethrin in Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (2000)

Toxicity and metabolism of t-permethrin were evaluated in two colonies (UF and ARS) of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), collected in Gainesville, FL. The UF colony (LC50 = 1.86 micrograms per vial) was approximately twofold more tolerant of t-permethrin than the ARS colony (LC50 = 0.89 microgram per vial) at the LC50. The synergists piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate increased t-permethrin toxicity four- and threefold (at the LC50) in the UF and ARS colonies, respectively. Despite these differences in t-permethrin susceptibility, microsomal oxidase activities toward surrogate substrate (aldrin epoxidase, and methoxyresorufin O-demethylase), cytochrome P450 content, and microsomal esterase activity toward alpha-naphthyl acetate did not differ significantly between the colonies. Moreover, no significant differences in qualitative and quantitative metabolism of [14C]t-permethrin were observed between the UF and ARS colonies for three enzyme sources (microsomal oxidase, microsomal esterase, and cytosolic esterase). Based on in vitro metabolism assays, the major detoxification route of t-permethrin in the UF and ARS termite colonies appears to be hydrolysis catalyzed by microsomal esterases.