gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and respiratory responses evoked from the posterior cerebellar cortex and fastigial nucleus in the cat. (1987)

1. In both anaesthetized and decerebrate cats the cerebellar cortex (lobules VI, VII, VIII, IX and X) and the fastigial nucleus (f.n.) have been stimulated electrically, and chemically, while recording changes in phrenic nerve discharge, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and renal and femoral blood flow. 2. Stimulation of lobules VI, VII, VIII and Xb failed to elicit any cardiovascular or respiratory changes. Activation of lobule IX (the uvula), and in some preparations sub-lobule Xa, evoked cardiovascular and respiratory responses consistently. In the anaesthetized cat, electrical stimulation of the uvula evoked apnoea, a small bradycardia and a depressor response associated with vasodilatation in the hindlimb vascular bed. In contrast, stimulation in an equivalent region in a decerebrate preparation elicited an apneustic discharge, a pronounced tachycardia and a rise in arterial pressure with vasoconstriction in both renal and femoral vascular beds. In both the anaesthetized and decerebrate animals the pattern of response elicited by chemical activation was identical to that seen with electrical stimulation. 3. Electrical, or chemical, stimulation after administration of anaesthetic to the decerebrate cat then evoked an identical pattern of response to that seen in the 'intact' anaesthetized animal. This evidence suggests that the reversal in the pattern of the response in an effect of the anaesthetic agent and not the decerebration itself. 4. The only area of the f.n. to produce cardiovascular effects was the rostral region. Electrical stimulation of the rostral f.n. in both anaesthetized and decerebrate preparations inhibited central inspiratory activity and evoked tachycardia, along with a pressor response associated with vasoconstriction in both renal and femoral vascular beds. In contrast, chemical excitation of those sites in the rostral f.n. shown previously to produce pronounced cardiovascular and respiratory changes failed to elicit any changes in the recorded variables. 5. The present evidence suggests that there are two areas in the cat cerebellum which can exert pronounced cardiovascular and respiratory effects. The patterns of response elicited by electrical stimulation of the posterior cortex and rostral f.n. are mediated by two separate cerebellar-brainstem pathways as judged by the two different effects of anaesthesia on the evoked responses. We suggest that the f.n. may not play a role in the control of the cardiovascular system since chemical excitation of cell bodies of the rostral f.n. failed to elicit the so-called 'fastigial pressor response'.
Neuromagnetic source imaging of abnormal spontaneous activity in tinnitus patient modulated by electrical cortical stimulation (2009)

Electrical cortical stimulation (CS) of the auditory cortices has been shown to reduce the severity of debilitating tinnitus in some patients. In this study, we performed MEG source imaging of spontaneous brain activity during concurrent CS of the left secondary auditory cortex of a volunteer suffering from right unilateral tinnitus. CS produced MEG artifacts which were successfully sorted and removed using a combination of sensor and source level signal separation and classification techniques. This contribution provides the first proof of concept reporting on analysis of MEG data with concurrent CS. Effects of CS on ongoing brain activity were revealed at the MEG sensor and source levels and indicate CS significantly reduced ongoing brain activity in the lower frequency range (<40Hz), and emphasized its higher (>40Hz), gamma range components. Further, our results show that CS increased the spectral correlation across multiple frequency bands in the low and high gamma ranges, and between the alpha and beta bands of the MEG. Finally, MEG sources localized in the auditory cortices and nearby regions exhibited abnormal spectral activity that was suppressed by CS. These results provide promising evidence in favor of the Thalamocortical Dysrhytmia (TCD) hypothesis of tinnitus, and suggest that CS may prove to be an effective treatment of tinnitus when targeted to brain regions exhibiting abnormal spontaneous activity.
Identification of the plague reservoir in an endemic area of Zambia : abstract (2012)

Yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, is primarily a parasite of wild rodents that persists in permanent, discrete enzootic foci throughout the world. The disease is transmitted in humans by bites from fleas of wildlife rodent species. Therefore surveillance is the ultimate public health solution through plague detection in domestic dogs, other carnivores and wild rodents. The investigations of die-offs amongst plague-susceptible colonial rodents are also significant to determine the presence of Y. pestis in a susceptible population.
Synthesis, Surface Functionalization, and Properties of Freestanding Silicon Nanocrystals (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Low RA Magnetic Tunnel Junction Arrays in Conjunction with Low Switching Current and High Breakdown Voltage for STT-MRAM at 10 nm and Beyond (2018)

The scaling of STT-MRAM for deeply scaled nodes (e.g. sub-10 nm CMOS) requires low resistance-area-product (RA) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) to contain switching voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> ) and to assure high endurance. In contrast to various reports, we demonstrate systematic engineering of low-RA MTJs without trading off key device attributes and remarkably, with higher barrier reliability. The MTJs integrate an ultra-thin synthetic antiferromagnetic layer (tSAF) with a Co/Pt pseudo-alloy pinned layer. By reducing RA from 10 to 5 Ωµm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , significantly reduced V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> and reliable switching at 5 ns have been achieved. Furthermore, the breakdown voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BD</inf> ) has been improved. The results suggest that the tunability of MTJ is extended to sub-10 nm CMOS for high-performance and high-reliability MRAM.
Noise Cancellation And Low-Snr 2D/3D Imaging Methods For Multi-Channel Surface Nmr Groundwater Investigations (2007)

Multi-channel surface NMR instrumentation and software, developed in the United States, has been applied to investigate 2D and 3D hydrology at various locations in the Western US. Two new multi-channel processing techniques, reference coil-based noise cancellation and T2*-weighted porosity imaging, are shown to increase effective signal to noise ratios by an order of magnitude or more. These effective SNR gains enable multi-coil surface NMR to produce useful and reliable images when the post-averaged SNR is less than 1, and at locations where&lt;br&gt;previous single-coil surface NMR investigations have failed. Experimental results are presented for recent field studies conducted in Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa and Washington.
Electrically conducting polymers can noninvasively control the shape and growth of mammalian cells. (1994)

Electrically conducting polymers are novel in that their surface properties, including charge density and wettability, can be reversibly changed with an applied electrical potential. Such properties might render conducting polymers unique for biological applications. However, the majority of research on conducting polymers has been carried out under nonbiological conditions. We synthesized optically transparent polypyrrole thin films and studied them in environments suitable for protein adsorption and mammalian cell culture. In vitro studies demonstrated that extracellular matrix molecules, such as fibronectin, adsorb efficiently onto polypyrrole thin films and support cell attachment under serum-free conditions. When aortic endothelial cells were cultured on fibronectin-coated polypyrrole (oxidized) in either chemically defined medium or the presence of serum, cells spread normally and synthesized DNA. In contrast, when the polymer was switched to its neutral state by applying an electrical potential, both cell extension and DNA synthesis were inhibited without affecting cell viability. Application of a similar electrical potential to cells cultured on indium tin oxide surfaces had no effect on cell shape or function. These data suggest that electrically conducting polymers may represent a type of culture substrate which could provide a noninvasive means to control the shape and function of adherent cells, independent of any medium alteration.
Decoding Reed-Muller Codes With Successive Codeword Permutations (2022)

A novel recursive list decoding (RLD) algorithm for Reed-Muller (RM) codes based on successive permutations (SP) of the codeword is presented. A low-complexity SP scheme applied to a subset of the symmetry group of RM codes is first proposed to carefully select a good codeword permutation on the fly. Then, the proposed SP technique is integrated into an improved RLD algorithm that initializes different decoding paths with random codeword permutations, which are sampled from the full symmetry group of RM codes. Finally, efficient latency and complexity reduction schemes are introduced that virtually preserve the error-correction performance of the proposed decoder. Simulation results demonstrate that at the target frame error rate of 10−3 for the RM code of length 256 with 163 information bits, the proposed decoder reduces 6% of the computational complexity and 22% of the decoding latency of the state-of-the-art semi-parallel simplified successive-cancellation decoder with fast Hadamard transform (SSC-FHT) that uses 96 permutations from the full symmetry group of RM codes, while relatively maintaining the error-correction performance and memory consumption of the semi-parallel permuted SSC-FHT decoder.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of Aminonaphthoquinone—Sulfonylamidine Conjugates and in vitro Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative Activity. (2016)

Abstract A series of aminonaphthoquinone—sulfonylamidine conjugates of type (IV) or (VII) are prepared.
SMART-I2: "Spatial Multi-User Audio-Visual Real Time Interactive Interface" (2008)

The SMART-I2 aims at creating a precise and coherent virtual environment by providing users with both audio and visual accurate localization cues. It is known that for audio rendering, Wave Field Synthesis, and for visual rendering, Tracked Stereoscopy, individually permit high quality spatial immersion within an extended space. The proposed system combines these two rendering approaches through the use of a large Multi-Actuator Panel used as both a loudspeaker array and as a projection screen, considerably reducing audio-visual incoherencies. The system performance has been confirmed by an objective validation of the audio interface and a perceptual evaluation of the audio-visual rendering.
Development of an exosomal gene signature to detect residual disease in dogs with osteosarcoma using a novel xenograft platform and machine learning (2021)

Abstract Osteosarcoma has a guarded prognosis. A major hurdle in developing more effective osteosarcoma therapies is the lack of disease-specific biomarkers to predict risk, prognosis, or therapeutic response. Exosomes are secreted extracellular microvesicles emerging as powerful diagnostic tools. However, their clinical application is precluded by challenges in identifying disease-associated cargo from the vastly larger background of normal exosome cargo. We developed a method using canine osteosarcoma in mouse xenografts to distinguish tumor-derived from host-response exosomal mRNAs. The model allows for the identification of canine osteosarcoma-specific gene signatures by RNA sequencing and a species-differentiating bioinformatics pipeline. An osteosarcoma-associated signature consisting of five gene transcripts ( SKA2, NEU1, PAF1, PSMG2, and NOB1 ) was validated in dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma by qRT-PCR, while a machine learning model assigned dogs into healthy or disease groups. Serum/plasma exosomes were isolated from 53 dogs in distinct clinical groups (“healthy”, “osteosarcoma”, “other bone tumor”, or “non-neoplastic disease”). Pre-treatment samples from osteosarcoma cases were used as the training set and a validation set from post-treatment samples was used for testing, classifying as “osteosarcoma–detected” or “osteosarcoma–NOT detected”. Dogs in a validation set whose post-treatment samples were classified as “osteosarcoma–NOT detected” had longer remissions, up to 15 months after treatment. In conclusion, we identified a gene signature predictive of molecular remissions with potential applications in the early detection and minimal residual disease settings. These results provide proof-of-concept for our discovery platform and its utilization in future studies to inform cancer risk, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. Abstract Figure
Evidence of trap-assisted Auger recombination in low radiative efficiency MBE-grown III-nitride LEDs (2019)

By studying low radiative efficiency blue III-nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs), we find that the ABC model of recombination commonly used for understanding efficiency behavior in LEDs is insufficient and that additional effects should be taken into account. We propose a modification to the standard recombination model by incorporating a bimolecular nonradiative term. The modified model is shown to be in much better agreement with the radiative efficiency data and to be more consistent than the conventional model with very short carrier lifetimes measured by time-resolved photoluminescence in similar, low radiative efficiency material. We present experimental evidence that a hot carrier-generating process is occurring within these devices, in the form of measurements of forward photocurrent under forward bias. The forward photocurrent, due to hot carrier generation in the active region, is present despite the lack of any “efficiency droop”—the usual signature of band-to-band Auger recombination in high-quality III-nitride LEDs. Hot carrier generation in the absence of band-to-band Auger recombination implies that some other source of hot carriers exists within these low radiative efficiency devices, such as trap-assisted Auger recombination.
FM-Track: A fiducial marker tracking software for studying cell mechanics in a three-dimensional environment (2020)

Tracking the deformation of fiducial markers in the vicinity of living cells embedded in compliant synthetic or biological gels is a powerful means to study cell mechanics and mechanobiology in three-dimensional environments. However, current approaches to track and quantify three-dimensional (3D) fiducial marker displacements remain ad-hoc, can be difficult to implement, and may not produce reliable results. Herein, we present a compact software package entitled "FM-Track," written in the popular Python language, to facilitate feature-based particle tracking tailored for 3D cell micromechanical environment studies. FM-Track contains functions for pre-processing images, running fiducial marker tracking, and post-processing and visualization. FM-Track can thus aid the study of cellular mechanics and mechanobiology by providing an extensible software platform to more reliably extract complex local 3D cell contractile information in transparent compliant gel systems.
Simulated late gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging dataset from mechanical XCAT phantom including a myocardial infarct (2021)

The late enhanced magnetic resonance image dataset in this article is simulated using a mechanistic cardiac phantom that includes an myocardial infarct. Settings of the image simulation pipeline are adjusted such that high- and low-resolution images, with and without slice alignment artifacts, are simulated. Our article on the influence of image artifacts on image-based models of the cardiac electrophysiology is based on this data (Kruithof et al., 2021). This dataset provides image-analysis researchers a reference to perform validation of their methods using the included high-resolution ground truth image, a resource that is often unavailable clinically.
Flavor Identification of Atmospheric Neutrinos in JUNO (2024)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Flash Talk presented at the XX International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes - Venice 23-27 October 2023&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Abstract:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) aims to determine neutrino mass ordering with a 20-kton liquid&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;scintillator detector. To enhance its sensitivity, JUNO will combine the measurements of low-energy reactor antineutrinos and&amp;nbsp;atmospheric neutrinos in the GeV region. The sensitivity from the atmospheric neutrino measurement relies on the&amp;nbsp;performance of neutrino flavor identification, which is a very challenging task in a liquid scintillator detector.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;This flash talk will present a machine learning approach for the high-efficiency and high-purity flavor identification for&amp;nbsp;atmospheric neutrinos in large unsegmented liquid scintillator detectors like JUNO. Our approach utilizes not only the&amp;nbsp;topological properties of atmospheric neutrinos characterized by PMT waveform features, but also event-level information&amp;nbsp;such as those from captured neutrons. Preliminary results show that this approach has great potential for utilizing&amp;nbsp;atmospheric neutrinos to unearth JUNO's capabilities.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Midterm outcomes of pulmonary artery sling repair with and without tracheoplasty (2020)

In patients with pulmonary artery sling, tracheoplasty is associated with decreased freedom from re-intervention. In select patients with pulmonary artery sling and complete tracheal rings, conservative management without tracheoplasty is feasible. Further study is necessary to delineate objective indications for tracheoplasty.
Immunogenicity and efficacy of one and two doses of Ad26.COV2.S COVID vaccine in adult and aged NHP (2021)

Safe and effective coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines are urgently needed to control the ongoing pandemic. While single-dose vaccine regimens would provide multiple advantages, two doses may improve the magnitude and durability of immunity and protective efficacy. We assessed one- and two-dose regimens of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine candidate in adult and aged nonhuman primates (NHPs). A two-dose Ad26.COV2.S regimen induced higher peak binding and neutralizing antibody responses compared with a single dose. In one-dose regimens, neutralizing antibody responses were stable for at least 14 wk, providing an early indication of durability. Ad26.COV2.S induced humoral immunity and T helper cell (Th cell) 1-skewed cellular responses in aged NHPs that were comparable to those in adult animals. Aged Ad26.COV2.S-vaccinated animals challenged 3 mo after dose 1 with a SARS-CoV-2 spike G614 variant showed near complete lower and substantial upper respiratory tract protection for both regimens. Neutralization of variants of concern by NHP sera was reduced for B.1.351 lineages while maintained for the B.1.1.7 lineage independent of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine regimen.
Robust Online Multiband Drift Estimation in Electrophysiology Data (2023)

High-density electrophysiology probes have opened new possibilities for systems neuroscience in human and non-human animals, but probe motion poses a challenge for downstream analyses, particularly in human recordings. We improve on the state of the art for tracking this motion with four major contributions. First, we extend previous decentralized methods to use <i>multiband</i> information, leveraging the local field potential (LFP) in addition to spikes. Second, we show that the LFP-based approach enables registration at <i>sub-second</i> temporal resolution. Third, we introduce an efficient <i>online</i> motion tracking algorithm, enabling the method to scale up to longer and higher-resolution recordings, and possibly facilitating real-time applications. Finally, we improve the <i>robustness</i> of the approach by introducing a structure-aware objective and simple methods for adaptive parameter selection. Together, these advances enable fully automated scalable registration of challenging datasets from human and mouse.
Implementation of Crossrealm Referral Handling in the MIT Kerberos Client. (2001)

The Windows 2000 Kerberos implementation [1, 2] uses a dierent approach to solve the Kerberos realm resolution problem than has traditionally been used by MIT Kerberos implementations. In this paper, we present the details of the two approaches and com-pare them. To facilitate more eective use of the Ker-beros ticket cache, we propose a new format for referral data that includes a list of alias names as part of the returned referral information. We include the pseu-docode for the algorithm that we have implemented in the MIT Kerberos client that allows a MIT Kerberos client to request and follow referrals from a Windows 2000 Kerberos KDC, thus removing the need for man-agement and administration of DNS to realm mapping les on Kerberos client hosts. We conclude with a discussion of issues that are applicable to any mutual authentication protocol. 1
Downregulation of Heat Shock Protein 70 Impairs Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2018)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) show promise for bone and cartilage regeneration. Our previous studies demonstrated that hMSCs with periodic mild heating had enhanced osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation with significantly upregulated heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). However, the role of HSP70 in adult tissue regeneration is not well studied. Here, we revealed an essential regulatory mechanism of HSP70 in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis using adult hMSCs stably transfected with specific shRNAs to knockdown HSP70. Periodic heating at 39 °C was applied to hMSCs for up to 26 days. HSP70 knockdown resulted in significant reductions of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and gene expression of Runx2 and Osterix during osteogenesis. In addition, knockdown of HSP70 led to significant decreases of collagens II and X during chondrogenesis. Thus, downregulation of HSP70 impaired hMSC osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation as well as the enhancement of these processes by thermal treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest a putative mechanism of thermal-enhanced bone and cartilage formation and underscore the importance of HSP70 in adult bone and cartilage differentiation.
Optimal Linearization of Morison‐Type Wave Loading (1991)

The linearization of Morison‐type wave loading is to replace u|u| by cu, where u is a zero mean, stationary Gaussian random process and c is a constant. The coefficient c is traditionally determined by a use of the statistical least‐square error linearization; that is minimizing E[(u|u|-cu)2]. In this study, the optimal linearization refers to a coefficient c, chosen in such a way that the statistics of structural response calculated from the linearized force will be identical to that calculated from the originally nonlinear force. To accomplish this, the optimal linearization must not only consider the ocean wave properties, but incorporate the structural properties. While most offshore structural engineers believe that the least‐square linearization may cause significantly nonconservative error only when the fundamental structural frequency is nearly three times the peak wave frequency, this study shows that worse errors may occur for other frequency ratios.