gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15994: Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB mediated Inflammation Reverses Fibrosis and Improves Right Ventricular Function in Rats With Pulmonary Artery Banding (2016)

Introduction: In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), right ventricular (RV) dysfunction predicts poor prognosis. Although, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is excessively activated in RV of PAH, how it affects RV function remains unknown. We hypothesized that the RV pressure overload activates NF-κB-mediated inflammation and deteriorates RV function. Methods: We banded the main pulmonary artery (PAB) using 18-gauge needle in Sprague-Dawley rats (BW: 180-220g). We evaluated hemodynamics and inflammatory responses of RV at Day1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 after PAB or sham operation (n=4-6, each group). We examined the effect of NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolydine-dithiocarbamate (PDTC: 200mg/kg/day, dietary, Day -1 to 28 for prevention, Day14 to 28 for treatment, n=4-6, each group) on RV function and inflammation. Results: Comparing to sham, PAB of Day14 increased RV systolic pressure (78.6±5.2, vs. 31.1±3.3 mmHg, p 2 , p Conclusions: PAB activated NF-κB deteriorates RV function. The fact that PDTC reversed fibrosis and improved RV function indicates that the inhibition of NF-κB would be a novel therapeutic target for RV dysfunction in PAH
Enantiospecificity of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Inhibition (2005)

Two representative glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II) inhibitors, 2-(hydroxypentafluorophenylmethyl-phosphinoylmethyl)pentanedioic acid 2 and 2-(3-mercaptopropyl)pentanedioic acid 3, were synthesized in high optical purities (>97%ee). The two enantiomers of 2 were prepared from previously reported chiral intermediates, (R)- and (S)-2-(hydroxyphosphinoylmethyl)pentanedioic acid benzyl esters 8. The synthesis of (R)- and (S)-3 involves the hydrolysis of (R)- and (S)-3-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-thiopyran-3-yl)propionic acids, (R)- and (S)-11, the corresponding optically pure thiolactones delivered by chiral chromatographic separation of the racemic 11. GCP II inhibitory assay revealed that (S)-2 is 40-fold more potent than (R)-2. In contrast, both enantiomers of 3 inhibited GCP II with nearly equal potency. The efficacy observed in subsequent animal studies with these enantiomers correlated well with the inhibitory potency in a GCP II assay.
Long‐term results of the phase II trial of the oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) in relapsed or refractory Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (2013)

Everolimus is an oral raptor mTOR inhibitor and has shown activity in patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). This study examines a large cohort of patients with relapsed/refractory WM with long-term follow up for survival. Patients were eligible if they had measurable disease, a platelet count >75,000 x 10(6)/L, an absolute neutrophil count >1,000 x 10(6)/L. Patients received everolimus 10 mg PO daily and were evaluated monthly. A success was defined as a complete or partial response (PR); minor responses (MR) were recorded and considered to be of clinical benefit. Sixty patients were enrolled and treated. The overall response rate (ORR) was 50% (all PR); the clinical benefit rate including MR or better was 73% (95% CI: 60-84%) with 23% MR. The median time to response for patients who achieved PR was 2 months (range, 1-26). The median duration of response has not been reached and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 21 months. Grade 3 or higher toxicities (at least possibly related to everolimus) were observed in 67% of patients. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities were anemia (27%), leukopenia (22%), and thrombocytopenia (20%). Other nonhematological toxicities were diarrhea (5%), fatigue (8%), stomatitis (8%) and pulmonary toxicity (5%). Everolimus has a high single-agent activity of 73% including MR, with a progression free survival of 21 months, indicating that this agent is active in relapsed/refractory WM.
Progress on the development of the UAS C2 link and supporting spectrum — from LOS to BLOS (2017)

In order to provide for the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System, the control and non-payload communications (CNPC) link connecting the ground-based pilot with the unmanned aircraft must be highly reliable and robust, based upon standards that enable certification. Both line-of-sight (LOS) links using terrestrial-based communications and beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) links using satellite communications are required to support UAS operations. The development of standards has been undertaken by RTCA Special Committee 228 (SC-228), with supporting technical data developed by NASA under the UAS in the National Airspace (NAS) Project. As a result of this work minimum operational performance standards (MOPS) have been completed and published for the LOS CNPC system. The second phase of work, for both NASA and RTCA involves the BLOS CNPC systems. The development of technical data to support MOPS development for UAS BLOS satellite-based CNPC links has now been initiated by NASA, and RTCA SC-228 has organized itself to begin the MOPS development process. This paper will provide an overview of the work that has been completed to date by the Communications Subproject in support of LOS C2 communications for UAS followed by an update of plans and progress for the BLOS phase of the project, with the focus on the UAS C2 spectrum aspects.
Placental growth factor and its potential role in diabetic retinopathy and other ocular neovascular diseases (2016)

The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), including in retinal vascular diseases, has been well studied, and pharmacological blockade of VEGF is the gold standard of treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular oedema. Placental growth factor (PGF, previously known as PlGF), a homologue of VEGF, is a multifunctional peptide associated with angiogenesis-dependent pathologies in the eye and non-ocular conditions. Animal studies using genetic modification and pharmacological treatment have demonstrated a mechanistic role for PGF in pathological angiogenesis. Inhibition decreases neovascularization and microvascular abnormalities across different models, including oxygen-induced retinopathy, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization and in diabetic mice exhibiting retinopathies. High levels of PGF have been found in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Despite these strong animal data, the exact role of PGF in pathological angiogenesis in retinal vascular diseases remains to be defined, and the benefits of PGF-specific inhibition in humans with retinal neovascular diseases and macular oedema remain controversial. Comparative effectiveness research studies in patients with diabetic retinal disease have shown that treatment that inhibits both VEGF and PGF may provide superior outcomes in certain patients compared with treatment that inhibits only VEGF. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGF, including its relationship to VEGF and its role in pathological angiogenesis in retinal diseases, and identifies some key unanswered questions about PGF that can serve as a pathway for future basic, translational and clinical research.
Contact resistance and phase transformations during nanoindentation of silicon (2002)

Abstract An electrically conductive VC tip has been used in conjunction with ex-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy to examine the behaviour of silicon during nanoindentation testing. During loading, the contact resistance is low because of the presence of the metallic β-Sn phase of silicon. During unloading, the semimetallic BC8 phase and the rhombohedral R8 phase are formed, giving rise to an increase in the contact resistance. In large indentations there is a pronounced discontinuity in both the contact resistance-depth and load-depth curves during unloading. This signifies the formation of a phase with lower electrical resistance. TEM analysis suggests that this phase is amorphous silicon formed in the centre of large indentations. The position of the discontinuity on the load-depth curve is found to depend on the unloading rate, as would be expected for the generation of an amorphous phase. Micro-Raman analysis is largely in agreement with the TEM results, but the amorphous silicon is seen most clearly when there are cracks present, suggesting that the amorphous phase may be subsurface or generated during the rapid propagation of cracks.
Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Alkaloid G via the Oxy-anion Cope Rearrangement and Improved Total Synthesis of (+)-Ajmaline (2001)

[figure: see text] The oxy-anion Cope rearrangement followed by protonation of the enolate which resulted under conditions of kinetic control has been employed to generate the key asymmetric centers at C(15), C(16), and C(20) in alkaloid G (1) and (+)-ajmaline (2) in a highly stereocontrolled fashion. The aldehyde 7b from this process has been converted into alkaloid G (1) and (+)-ajmaline (2) in 36% and 13% overall yields (11 reaction vessels from 3), respectively.
Neural network processor (2004)

A Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) has been developed in order to segment image data to reduce the amount of downstream processing. This paper discusses the results of applying the PCNN algorithm to data generated by various sensor platforms. The PCNN algorithm was applied to data generated by a Long Wave Infrared Imaging Polarimeter. The PCNN correctly identified the concealed vehicles and the disturbed earth and rejected 96% of the remaining pixels because they had no information content. Next, the results of applying the PCNN algorithm to noisy infrared seeker data are presented. The PCNN correctly idnetified the target even though the background was quite noisy. Finally, the PCNN algorith was applied to images containing solar glint. It correctly passed only 3&amp; of the pixels to the downstream target/glint decision algorithm. To obtain maximum data throughput, the PCNN can be implemented in hardware.
Novel PET/SPECT Probes for Imaging of Tau in Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

As the world's population ages, the number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is predicted to increase rapidly. The presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD brain. Since the presence of NFTs is well correlated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD, imaging of tau using positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is useful for presymptomatic diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of AD. Therefore, novel PET/SPECT probes for the imaging of tau have been developed. More recently, several probes were tested clinically and evaluated for their utility. This paper reviews the current state of research on the development and evaluation of PET/SPECT probes for the imaging of tau in AD brain.
Adherence interventions and outcomes of tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials and observational studies (2018)

TB treatment outcomes are improved with the use of adherence interventions, such as patient education and counseling, incentives and enablers, psychological interventions, reminders and tracers, and digital health technologies. Trained healthcare providers as well as community delivery provides patient-centered DOT options that both enhance adherence and improve treatment outcomes as compared to unsupervised, SAT alone.
RAW ALMOND AND ALMOND MILK CONSUMPTION EFFECTS ON DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS AND EXERCISE PERFORMANCE (2017)

The empirical evidence to support the use of whole, raw almonds (A) and almond milk (AM) consumption is limited. While post-exercise supplementation of A has been utilized in previous studies (Yi et al., 2014), no previous research groups have utilized AM consumption as a form of post-exercise nutrient replenishment. The use of AM may provide a simple alternate form of nutrient supplementation compared to A. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the effects of A and AM on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and exercise performance. METHODS: Nineteen relatively active college-aged males and females (nm= 13, nf = 6) were randomly assigned into one of three conditions, A, AM, or control (C). Participants in each group completed a test session that consisted of countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, 40-yd dash, and Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT) in the hamstrings. At the end of the session, participants performed a drop-jump protocol to elicit DOMS then, immediately post-exercise, they consumed 70 g of A, 8 oz of AM, or nothing based on the condition to which they were assigned. All participants were retested for CMJ, 40-yd dash and PPT 48 hrs following A, AM, or no post-supplementation. A factorial ANOVA (significance level p < 0.05) was utilized to determine significant differences between experimental conditions for each dependent variable. RESULTS: No statistical differences (p = 0.48 - 0.53) were found between supplements for CMJ (C: 0.55 ± 0.15 m v. 0.54 ± 0.14 m, A: 0.56 ± 0.13 m v. 0.56 ± 0.13 m, AM: 0.47 ± 0.12 m v. 0.48 ± 0.13 m), 40-yd dash (C: 5.32 ± 0.68 s v. 5.42 ± 0.75 s, A: 5.19 ± 0.67 s v. 5.21 ± 0.65 s, AM: 5.67 ± 0.63 s v. 5.70 ± 0.65 s), and PPT (C: 18.40 ± 10.33 lbf v. 14.21 ± 6.29 lbf, A: 14.79 ± 5.14 lbf v. 14.29 ± 3.09 lbf, AM: 11.79 ± 4.14 lbf v. 11.02 ± 4.70). CONCLUSION: Under these research conditions, A and AM consumption did not improve anaerobic exercise performance, nor did they improve PPT. A possible explanation for the observed results may have been the small sample size, since the probability of a Type II error was approximately 86%. Larger sample population sizes could have elicited larger effect size and statistical power. However, since there is little empirical evidence in support of A and AM supplementation for exercise performance, it is possible that A or AM simply may have no effect on the observed dependent variables. Lastly, further research is needed to investigate the effect of A and AM consumption on exercise performance and DOMS over a variety of post-exercise durations, such as 24, 48 and 72 hrs.
Entwicklung eines temperaturbeständigen Bindemittels für Glas- und Mineralwolle (1997)

Zur Herstellung von Isolationsmaterialien auf der Basis von Mineralwollefasern werden derzeit hauptsächlich organische Bindemittel auf der Basis von Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen eingesetzt, die die Anwendungsgrenztemperatur der damit hergestellten Dämmstoffe auf ca 200°C beschränken. Desweiteren besteht aufgrund der öffentlichen Diskussion über die Gesundheitsrisiken von Phenol/Formaldehyd-Emissionen und der bisher noch nicht zufriedenstellend geklärten Recyclingfrage ein Bedarf, diese Phenolharz-Bindemittel zu ersetzen. Eine Lösung dieser Problematik bietet sich prinzipiell durch Verwendung anorganischer Bindemittel an. Diese sind, wie z.B. Gips, Alkalisilikate, Aluminiumphosphate oder Kieselsol seit langer Zeit bekannt, konnten aber aufgrund ihrer Sprödigkeit bis heute nicht für die Bindung flexibler Materialien wie Mineralwollefasern eingesetzt werden. Die Sprödigkeit resultiert aus der Bindungsart anorganischer Materialien, die in der Regel dreidimensional ist.
Measurement of the Z/γ * boson transverse momentum distribution in pp collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2014)

This paper describes a measurement of the Z/ * boson transverse momentum spectrum using ATLAS proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 7 TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the Z/ * e + e -and Z/ * + -channels, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb -1 . Normalized differential cross sections as a function of the Z/ * boson transverse momentum are measured for transverse momenta up to 800 GeV. The measurement is performed inclusively for Z/ * rapidities up to 2.4, as well as in three rapidity bins. The channel results are combined, compared to perturbative and resummed QCD calculations and used to constrain the parton shower parameters of Monte Carlo generators.
Inference about Defects in the Presence of Masking (1996)

This article considers the situation in which a system consists of k components and a defect in any component causes a system malfunction. When a system malfunction occurs, test procedures restrict the cause to some subset of the Ic components. When that subset consists of more than one component, this phenomenon is termed masking. Typically, masking introduces two types of problems. First, it is desirable to estimate the “diagnostic probability”—that is, the probability, given a specified malfunctioning subset, that each of the masked components is the defective one. Second, when a set of historical data contains masked information, one would like to use this information to estimate the defect probability of each individual component type. The article discusses these problems in detail and derives two-stage procedures for estimation and inference.
Portrait of an Online Shopper (2016)

Consumer spending accounts for a large fraction of economic footprint of modern countries. Increasingly, consumer activity is moving to the web, where digital receipts of online purchases provide valuable data sources detailing consumer behavior. We consider such data extracted from emails and combined with with consumers' demographic information, which we use to characterize, model, and predict purchasing behavior. We analyze such behavior of consumers in different age and gender groups, and find interesting, actionable patterns that can be used to improve ad targeting systems. For example, we found that the amount of money spent on online purchases grows sharply with age, peaking in the late 30s, while shoppers from wealthy areas tend to purchase more expensive items and buy them more frequently. Furthermore, we look at the influence of social connections on purchasing habits, as well as at the temporal dynamics of online shopping where we discovered daily and weekly behavioral patterns. Finally, we build a model to predict when shoppers are most likely to make a purchase and how much will they spend, showing improvement over baseline approaches. The presented results paint a clear picture of a modern online shopper, and allow better understanding of consumer behavior that can help improve marketing efforts and make shopping more pleasant and efficient experience for online customers.
Performance evaluation of on-chip interconnect IP using CBR traffic generator model (2009)

The communication efficiency plays a crucial role in achieving high system performance in many multimedia SoCs (System-On-Chips). Increased requirements on high bandwidth on-chip communication have led to the emergence of complicated communication architectures and algorithms. However, without thorough analysis of bandwidth requirements of applications, we tend to over-provision resources to avoid potential performance degradation. In this paper, we present a CBR-based traffic modeling technique along with a performance evaluation framework. By using this evaluation technique, we can estimate the sustained performance of on-chip communication infrastructure used in multimedia SoCs. The traffic behaviors of a multimedia application have been captured and analyzed to characterize individual operations which are modeled using traffic generators to replace hardware IPs in evaluation process. The simulation results show that this approach is also effective in discovering the peak performance of on-chip network and bandwidth allocation to IPs.
Modularis: Modular Data Analytics for Hardware, Software, and Platform Heterogeneity. (2020)

Today's data analytics displays an overwhelming diversity along many dimensions: data types, platforms, hardware acceleration, etc. As a result, system design often has to choose between depth and breadth: high efficiency for a narrow set of use cases or generality at a lower performance. In this paper, we pave the way to get the best of both worlds: We present Modularis-an execution layer for data analytics based on fine-grained, composable building blocks that are as generic and simple as possible. These building blocks are similar to traditional database operators, but at a finer granularity, so we call them sub-operators. Sub-operators can be freely and easily combined. As we demonstrate with concrete examples in the context of RDMA-based databases, Modularis' sub-operators can be combined to perform the same task as a complex, monolithic operator. Sub-operators, however, can be reused, can be offloaded to different layers or accelerators, and can be customized to specialized hardware. In the use cases we have tested so far, sub-operators reduce the amount of code significantly-or example, for a distributed, RDMA-based join by a factor of four-while having minimal performance overhead. Modularis is an order of magnitude faster on SQL-style analytics compared to a commonly used framework for generic data processing (Presto) and on par with a commercial cluster database (MemSQL).
Blood Plasma Separation Device using Capillary Phenomenon (2007)

A microdevice for blood plasma separation using capillary phenomenon has been proposed in this work. Blood plasma can be separated by microcapillary channels fabricated by silicon bulk- micromachining process. The 2 &#xx000D7; 3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> device with 1 mm-thick consists of a silicon separation chip and a glass cover. The separation was relatively fast (less than 2 minutes) after a blood-drop (20 μl) was drawn into the channels until the flow stopped. The device was designed for collecting 1μl of plasma. Due to the advantages in a small sample volume, no power consumption, made the device possible for a blood diagnosis on a chip which promises the applications in point-of-care testing (POCT).
Scalable Synthesis of Few-Layered 2D Tungsten Diselenide (2H-WSe2) Nanosheets Directly Grown on Tungsten (W) Foil Using Ambient-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition for Reversible Li-Ion Storage (2020)

We report a facile two-furnace APCVD synthesis of 2H-WSe<sub>2</sub>. A systematic study of the process parameters is performed to show the formation of the phase-pure material. Extensive characterization of the bulk and exfoliated material confirm that 2H-WSe<sub>2</sub> is layered (i.e., 2D). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the phase, while high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) clarify the morphology of the material. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) estimates the depth of the 2H-WSe<sub>2</sub> formed on W foil to be around 5-8 μm, and Raman/UV-vis measurements prove the quality of the exfoliated 2H-WSe<sub>2</sub>. Studies on the redox processes of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) show an increase in capacity up to 500 cycles. On prolonged cycling, the discharge capacity up to the 50th cycle at 250 mA/g of the material shows a stable value of 550 mAh/g. These observations indicate that exfoliated 2H-WSe<sub>2</sub> has promising applications as an LiB electrode material.