gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network-Efficient Distributed Word2vec Training System for Large\n Vocabularies (2016)

Word2vec is a popular family of algorithms for unsupervised training of dense\nvector representations of words on large text corpuses. The resulting vectors\nhave been shown to capture semantic relationships among their corresponding\nwords, and have shown promise in reducing a number of natural language\nprocessing (NLP) tasks to mathematical operations on these vectors. While\nheretofore applications of word2vec have centered around vocabularies with a\nfew million words, wherein the vocabulary is the set of words for which vectors\nare simultaneously trained, novel applications are emerging in areas outside of\nNLP with vocabularies comprising several 100 million words. Existing word2vec\ntraining systems are impractical for training such large vocabularies as they\neither require that the vectors of all vocabulary words be stored in the memory\nof a single server or suffer unacceptable training latency due to massive\nnetwork data transfer. In this paper, we present a novel distributed, parallel\ntraining system that enables unprecedented practical training of vectors for\nvocabularies with several 100 million words on a shared cluster of commodity\nservers, using far less network traffic than the existing solutions. We\nevaluate the proposed system on a benchmark dataset, showing that the quality\nof vectors does not degrade relative to non-distributed training. Finally, for\nseveral quarters, the system has been deployed for the purpose of matching\nqueries to ads in Gemini, the sponsored search advertising platform at Yahoo,\nresulting in significant improvement of business metrics.\n
Utilization of solid wastes to sequestrate carbon dioxide in cement-based materials and methods to improve carbonation degree: A review (2023)

The large amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the life span of cement-based materials makes a great contribution to the increasingly severe global warming. Due to their abnormally large annual production, sequestering carbon dioxide using cement-based materials has become one of the most efficient ways for cement industry to reduce net carbon dioxide emissions. Meanwhile, the production and accumulation of solid wastes has been causing widely occupation of the land space and threatening the ecological balance and human health. Considering that most solid wastes are rich in calcium and magnesium, and can be easily used in cement-based materials, the carbonation treatment of solid wastes not only uptakes a large amount of carbon dioxide, but also mitigates the accumulation of excessive solid wastes, which is the core of achieving carbon neutrality in cement industry. In this paper, the carbonation potential and the state-of-art carbonation techniques of various solid wastes are comprehensively reviewed, and a pathway to reach net-zero carbon dioxide emission for cement-based materials is proposed. Then physical, chemical and microbiological methods to enhance the carbonation degree of solid wastes are summarized, with both advantages and disadvantages of each method are given. In the end, the challenges and perspectives of the utilization of solid wastes to sequester carbon dioxide in cement-based materials are proposed.
Evaluation of 18F-IAM6067 as a sigma-1 receptor PET tracer for neurodegeneration in vivo in rodents and in human tissue: Erratum (2022)

The authors regret that the original version of our paper unfortunately contained incorrect data in Figure 2B, where the vertical plot of the ROIs significantly different of the mesencephalic region (x-axis, right hand side of the graph) were incorrect and did not match the horizontal level of significant differences. The correct version of the Figure 2B is shown below. The corrections made in this erratum do not affect the original conclusions. The authors apologize for any inconvenience that the errors may have caused.
Second harmonic phase microscopy of collagen fibers (2011)

In the past decade, quantitative phase imaging gave a new dimension to optical microscopy, and the recent extension of digital holography techniques to nonlinear microscopy appears very promising, for the phase of nonlinear signal provides additional information, inaccessible to incoherent imaging schemes. Last year, we have reported how the SHG phase makes possible real-time nanometric 3D-tracking of SHG emitters, such as nanoparticles (Shaffer et al., Opt. Express 18, p.17392-17403, 2010). Here, we investigate the phase of second harmonic generated by a label-free biological specimen-more precisely collagen fibers forming the connective tissue of a mouse dermis- and discuss of its interpretation. Notably, we show how the SHG phase, qualitatively acting as an indicator of phase-matching conditions, tends to indicate that second harmonic generation, in collagen, is dominated by coherent SHG scattering.
Acetosyringone treatment duration affects large T-DNA molecule transfer to rice callus (2018)

Our data provide valuable information of the T-strand dynamics and its impact on large T-DNA transfer in monocots, and likely dicots as well.
Appendix A3. Gas Dosing Cell Engineering Diagrams and Schematics (2011)

This appendix contains sections titled: Gas Dosing Cell Top Piece Gas Dosing Cell Middle Piece Gas Dosing Cell Bottom Piece
2021: A New Year and New Directions for the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2021)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXT2021: A New Year and New Directions for the Journal of Medicinal ChemistryCraig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2021, 64, 1, 1Publication Date (Web):January 4, 2021Publication History Published online4 January 2021Published inissue 14 January 2021https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02220https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02220editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © Published 2021 by American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4184Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (467 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biotechnology,Drug discovery,Medicinal chemistry,Pharmaceuticals,Pharmacokinetics Get e-Alerts
Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery: An Overview (2006)

Nanotechnology is expected to have a revolutionary impact on biology and medicine. In this paper, I will discuss the role of nano technology in development of site-specific drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanosystems, and self- assembling nanosystems are described with special emphasis on targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy.
Channel equalization in narrowband mobile peer-to-peer networks using superimposed pilots (2009)

Two most significant channel training methods in wireless communications are superimposed (SI) and time-division multiplexed (TDM) training. Assuming a fixed user bit rate in narrowband system with scarce capacity resources, SI based training enables utilization of lower coding rate. Moreover, only a slight difference in coding rates is shown to have a considerable effect on system performance. This paper introduces a novel channel estimation structure for the SI scheme. The structure improves the quality of initial channel estimates by exploiting the coarsely estimated information symbols, which are obtained through expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. The simulations show that in the presented narrowband peer-to-peer environment, SI training based channel estimation may provide significant benefits over the conventional TDM pilot scheme.
Low propagation loss of a single mode polymer optical waveguide on a glass epoxy substrate (2018)

We fabricated single mode (SM) polymer optical waveguide array on a glass epoxy substrate using photolithography method. In this paper, we observed and valuated the deviation of SM waveguide array's various parameters.
YM753, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity with selective, sustained accumulation of acetylated histones in tumors in the WiDr xenograft model (2008)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to have antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Various studies related to their antitumor activity and mechanism of action have been reported for HDAC inhibitors, but the relationship of their antitumor effects to their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties in vivo has not ever fully characterized. We report here the discovery of a novel cyclic-peptide-based HDAC inhibitor, YM753. YM753 is a bacteria-derived natural product containing a disulfide bond. It potently inhibited HDAC enzyme with an IC50 of 2.0 nM in the presence of dithiothreitol. YM753 was rapidly converted to a reduced form in tumor cells, and then induced accumulation of acetylated histones, followed by p21WAF1/Cip1 expression, tumor cell growth inhibition and tumor-selective cell death. In an in vitro washout study, YM753 showed prolonged accumulation of acetylated histones in WiDr human colon carcinoma cells. In vivo YM753 dosing of mice harboring WiDr colon tumor xenografts significantly inhibited the tumor growth via sustained accumulation of acetylated histones in the tumor tissue. In a pharmacokinetic study, YM753 rapidly disappeared from the plasma, but its reduced form remained in the tumor tissue. Moreover, the accumulation of acetylated histones induced by YM753 was tumor tissue selective compared to several normal tissues. This study provides evidence that YM753 has antitumor activity that is the result of selective, sustained accumulation of acetylated histones in tumor tissues despite rapid disappearance of the drug from the plasma. These results suggest that the novel HDAC inhibitor, YM753 has attractive pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties giving it potential as an antitumor agent.
Performance Enhancement of a Graphene-Zinc Phosphide Solar Cell Using the Electric Field-Effect (2014)

The optical transparency and high electron mobility of graphene make it an attractive material for photovoltaics. We present a field-effect solar cell using graphene to form a tunable junction barrier with an Earth-abundant and low cost zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) thin-film light absorber. Adding a semitransparent top electrostatic gate allows for tuning of the graphene Fermi level and hence the energy barrier at the graphene-Zn3P2 junction, going from an ohmic contact at negative gate voltages to a rectifying barrier at positive gate voltages. We perform current and capacitance measurements at different gate voltages in order to demonstrate the control of the energy barrier and depletion width in the zinc phosphide. Our photovoltaic measurements show that the efficiency conversion is increased 2-fold when we increase the gate voltage and the junction barrier to maximize the photovoltaic response. At an optimal gate voltage of +2 V, we obtain an open-circuit voltage of V oc = 0.53 V and an efficiency of 1.9% under AM 1.5 1-sun solar illumination. This work demonstrates that the field effect can be used to modulate and optimize the response of photovoltaic devices incorporating graphene.
Hyperporous Carbons from Hypercrosslinked Polymers (2016)

Porous carbons with extremely high surface areas are produced through the carbonization of hypercrosslinked benzene, pyrrole, and thiophene. Such carbons show largely microporous and mesoporous domains and exhibit Brunaeur-Emmett-Teller surface areas up to 4300 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> . The best performing material also displays exceptionally high CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> uptakes.
Chemical vapor deposition of monolayer MoS2 directly on ultrathin Al2O3 for low-power electronics (2017)

Monolayer MoS2 has recently been identified as a promising material for high-performance electronics. However, monolayer MoS2 must be integrated with ultrathin high-κ gate dielectrics in order to realize practical low-power devices. In this letter, we report the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of monolayer MoS2 directly on 20 nm thick Al2O3 grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The quality of the resulting MoS2 is characterized by a comprehensive set of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, a low-temperature (200 °C) Al2O3 ALD process is developed that maintains dielectric integrity following the high-temperature CVD of MoS2 (800 °C). Field-effect transistors (FETs) derived from these MoS2/Al2O3 stacks show minimal hysteresis with a sub-threshold swing as low as ∼220 mV/decade, threshold voltages of ∼2 V, and current ION/IOFF ratio as high as ∼104, where IOFF is defined as the current at zero gate voltage as is customary for determining power consumption in complementary logic circuits. The system presented here concurrently optimizes multiple low-power electronics figures of merit while providing a transfer-free method of integrating monolayer MoS2 with ultrathin high-κ dielectrics, thus enabling a scalable pathway for enhancement-mode FETs for low-power applications.
A Review: Overview of Novel Polyelectrolyte Complexes as Prospective Drug Bioavailability Enhancers (2015)

Polyelectrolyte complexes are novel, emerging polymeric combinations that can impart a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. This article reviews various approaches to improve oral bioavailability in systems that utilize polymeric polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). The present review focuses on various strategies used for the synthesis of PECs, the conditions that have to be met to facilitate their formation and the types of polymers that can be employed in order to synthesize the complexes. This article also offers a concise overview of the mechanisms of drug release and the advancement in drug bioavailability provided by polymeric polyelectrolyte complexes.
Low entropy maps as patterns of the pathological alteration specificity of brain regions: A meta-analysis dataset (2018)

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "The alteration landscape of the cerebral cortex" (Cauda et al., 2018). Here, we applied a metric called alteration negentropy (A-negentropy) on a large human neuroimaging dataset, in order to denote the "low structural alteration variety" of the altered brain areas. Furthermore, we reported the overview of the selection strategy, as well as the description and distribution of the selected studies from the voxel-based morphometry database of BrainMap (Vanasse et al., 2018). For all of the analyzed brain areas, we reported the number of pathologies affecting them (both local maxima and mean value), as well as the peak and average values of A-negentropy. Regions altered by a small number of brain disorders exhibit high values of A-negentropy.
Understanding the Hydraulics of Water Distribution System Leaks (2004)

Pressure control can be an effective means of leakage reduction in some situations. This paper first presents the results of an experimental study to determine the appropriate equation to describe leak flow. In general, the orifice equation is most appropriate for situations when the dimensionless OS number (defined in the paper) is large, which is the case for most systems. This means that flow emitters are a good way to model leaks. The second part of the paper describes the application of computer modeling to a realistic system and shows how a model can be used to evaluate pressure settings and estimate the leak reduction and possible pressure problems. In general, pressure reduction is most attractive when leakage and pressure are both relatively high, flow is controlled by a PRV or variable speed pump, and the terrain is relatively flat. Time of day control or control valves of tanks may be needed to make pressure control work.
Determination of Temperature/Moisture Sensitive Composite Properties (2001)

An investigation of the temperature and moisture sensitive composite properties was conducted. Results provide an evaluation of the degree of conservatism of the 50 deg F margin from glass transition values commonly used to determine a material system's operational limit (MOL). A series of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and static mechanical tests were performed using specimens conditioned at three relative humidity levels and tested at six different temperatures for two commonly used 270 deg F cure prepreg systems. This report documents the results obtained from the DMA and static mechanical tests from which moisture and temperature sensitive properties can be determined. Limitations of the scope of this project are addressed as a means of providing recommendations for future research.
Custom math functions for molecular dynamics (2005)

While developing the protein folding application for the IBM Blue Gene®/L supercomputer, some frequently executed computational kernels were encountered. These were significantly more complex than the linear algebra kernels that are normally provided as tuned libraries with modern machines. Using regular library functions for these would have resulted in an application that exploited only 5–10% of the potential floating-point throughput of the machine. This paper is a tour of the functions encountered; they have been expressed in C++ (and could be expressed in other languages such as Fortran or C). With the help of a good optimizing compiler, floating-point efficiency is much closer to 100%. The protein folding application was initially run by the life science researchers on IBM POWER3™ machines while the computer science researchers were designing and bringing up the Blue Gene/L hardware. Some of the work discussed resulted in enhanced compiler optimizations, which now improve the performance of floating-point-intensive applications compiled by the IBM VisualAge® series of compilers for POWER3, POWER4™, POWER4+™, and POWER5™. The implementations are offered in the hope that they may help in other implementations of molecular dynamics or in other fields of endeavor, and in the hope that others may adapt the ideas presented here to deliver additional mathematical functions at high throughput.
Digital Transformation and Its Effects on Various Sectors (2020)

It is a known fact that technology drives the nation. Day by day more disruptive technologies emerge that enable a nation to strive for massive growth in its GDP. The digital India is a high priority programme from the Indian government in order to make India a digitally literate nation. This project mainly provides the services offered by the government to common public through electronic means. This is done by enhancing the operational setup of the existing services. The digitalization of many aspects in India make it a better contender to become a global leader by creating digital empowerment in technology with cumulative internet connectivity. The chapter identifies some of the core areas where the concept of digitalization enhances its operational processes. The changes reflected in each individual sector by adopting digital transformation are discussed in detail.
Automatic pose estimation of complex 3D building models (2003)

3D models of urban sites with geometry and facade textures are needed for many planning and visualization applications. Approximate 3D wireframe model can be derived from aerial images but detailed textures must be obtained from ground level images. Integrating such views with the 3D models is difficult as only small parts of buildings may be visible in a single view. We describe a method that uses two or three vanishing points, and three 3D to 2D line correspondences to estimate the rotational and translational parameters of the ground level cameras. The valid set of multiple combinations of 3D to 2D line pairs is chosen by a hypotheses generation and evaluation Some experimental results are presented.
Targeting focal adhesion kinase overcomes erlotinib resistance in smoke induced lung cancer by altering phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (2018)

EGFR-based targeted therapies have shown limited success in smokers. Identification of alternate signaling mechanism(s) leading to TKI resistance in smokers is critically important. We observed increased resistance to erlotinib in H358 NSCLC (non-small cell lung carcinoma) cells chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (H358-S) compared to parental cells. SILAC-based mass-spectrometry approach was used to study altered signaling in H358-S cell line. Importantly, among the top phosphosites in H358-S cells we observed hyperphosphorylation of EGFR (Y1197) and non-receptor tyrosine kinase FAK (Y576/577). Supporting these observations, a transcriptomic-based pathway activation analysis of TCGA NSCLC datasets revealed that FAK and EGFR internalization pathways were significantly upregulated in smoking patients, compared to the never-smokers and were associated with elevated PI3K signaling and lower level of caspase cascade and E-cadherin pathways activation. We show that inhibition of FAK led to decreased cellular proliferation and invasive ability of the smoke-exposed cells, and restored their dependency on EGFR signaling. Our data suggests that activation of focal adhesion pathway significantly contributes to erlotinib resistance, and that FAK is a potential therapeutic target for management of erlotinib resistance in smoke-induced NSCLC.
Supplementary Data from Deep Morphology Learning Enhances <i>Ex Vivo</i> Drug Profiling-Based Precision Medicine (2023)

Supplementary Data from Deep Morphology Learning Enhances &lt;i&gt;Ex Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Drug Profiling-Based Precision Medicine
The NASA Optical Communication and Sensors Demonstration Program: Preflight Up-date (2015)

Small, inexpensive, satellite platforms offer opportunities for pathfinder experiments, space qualification of compo-nents and systems, and enhancement of larger assets. The Optical Communication and Sensor Demonstration (OCSD) has become a three CubeSat flight test funded by NASA’s Small Spacecraft Technology Program (SSTP) under the Space Technology Mission Directorate. A 1.5U CubeSat using COTS hardware was designed, fabricated, tested, and delivered for launch. This Pathfinder CubeSat will fly by the fourth quarter of 2015. It will demonstrate proof-of-principle optical communications at a very modest threshold objective data rate of 5 Mb/s from low Earth orbit to a ground station. Two more CubeSats, with potential data rates of up to 500 Mb/s and propulsion, are under construction and will fly in January 2016. These CubeSats will demonstrate improved communications capability and the secondary OCSD goal of demonstrating proximity operations between two identical spacecraft using differ-ential drag, a water vapor thruster, GPS measurements, and a laser rangefinder. The current launch schedule pro-vides one to two months of Pathfinder operation before the final two flight units are delivered. We will attempt to implement lessons learned from the Pathfinder in the final flight units to demonstrate a new “Fly as you fly” para-digm enabled by the significant number of CubeSat launch opportunities available each year.