gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-wavelength switchable narrowband thermal emitters (2016)

Summary form only given. We experimentally demonstrate a photonic crystal (PC) thermal emitter that enables the electrical switching of dual emission peaks from a single light-emitting surface. The emitter consists of an n-GaAs/p-GaAs/n-GaAs stack that incorporates multiple quantum wells (MQWs) inside each pn junction. The MQWs induce narrowband thermal emission at two different wavelengths owing to the intersubband transition (ISB-T), which is enhanced by the second and third-order Γ-point resonant modes of the PC. By changing the electron density in one of the two MQWs with a reverse bias to each pn junction, we realize the separate control of the thermal emission intensity of the two peaks. Such two-wavelength switchable mid-infrared narrowband thermal emitters will benefit a number of practical applications including environmental monitoring and health diagnosis.
P‐79: Influence of Multiple Beam Interference on Azimuthal Anchoring Energy Measurement Using Liquid Crystals with Different Chiralities (2001)

Abstract The influence of multiple beam interference on azimuthal anchoring energy measurement using liquid crystals with different chiralities was investigated using 4 * 4 matrix method. It is shown that there are suitable measurement conditions to minimize the influence of multiple beam interference, improving the anchoring energy measurement. Calculation results and the measurement method are discussed.
Optimization of IEC Grid Design for Maximum Neutron Production (1996)

Two different, complementary approaches were taken to determine the effects of an Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) grid's design on the neutron production rate of the device. A semi-empirical formula developed from experimental data predicts the neutron yield of an IEC device, given the chamber size, grid radius and transparency, and operating voltage and current. Results from the IXL™ computer program support some of the scalings found in the semi-empirical formula. A second formula was also developed that predicts the neutron yield of an IEC device using grid design parameters and the ion core radius. The SIMION™ computer program was used to calculate the ion core radius. These formulas are useful tools for designing grids that will maximize the neutron yield for IEC devices.
In Situ Techniques for Characterization of Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Oxygen Evolution Catalysts (2023)

Functional layered double hydroxide (LDH) usually contains different cationic substitutes to increase the activity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The intrinsic OER activity of LDH materials is connected with the chemical composition and dispersion of metal cations substitutions in the matrix phase. The potential induced phase transitions, in particular hydroxide-to-oxyhydroxide transitions, are a predisposition for the high OER activity of LDH materials and can be followed by coupling the electrochemical experiments with spectroscopic techniques. The understanding of LDH catalysts under electrochemical conditions also allows an understanding of the behavior of OER catalysts based on transition metals, metal-chalcogenides, -pnictides, -carbides, and metal–organic frameworks. The surfaces of those materials are intrinsically poor OER catalysts. However, they act as precursors to catalysts, which are oxidized into a metal (oxy)hydroxide. This review summarizes the use of in situ techniques for the characterization of LDH-based OER electrocatalysts and presents the influence of these techniques on the understanding of potential induced phase transitions, identification of active sites, and reaction mechanisms.
Molecular dynamics calculation of the In-plane thermal conductivity of GaAs/AlAs superlattices (2003)

We report on molecular dynamics calculations of the thermal conductivity of superlattices in the direction parallel to the layers. We employ a simple, classical, fcc model that is designed to model the GaAs/AlAs system. Both rough and perfect interfaces are considered. The results are compared to experimental data from the literature.
Compression of Polymer Interphases (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompression of Polymer InterphasesHarry J. PloehnCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 6, 1627–1636Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00084a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00084a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative Analysis of the Substrate Specificity of trans - versus cis- Acyltransferases of Assembly Line Polyketide Synthases (2014)

Due to their pivotal role in extender unit selection during polyketide biosynthesis, acyltransferase (AT) domains are important engineering targets. A subset of assembly line polyketide synthases (PKSs) are serviced by discrete, trans-acting ATs. Theoretically, these trans-ATs can complement an inactivated cis-AT, promoting introduction of a noncognate extender unit. This approach requires a better understanding of the substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of naturally occurring trans-ATs. We kinetically analyzed trans-ATs from the disorazole and kirromycin synthases and compared them to a representative cis-AT from the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS). During transacylation, the disorazole AT favored malonyl-CoA over methylmalonyl-CoA by >40000-fold, whereas the kirromycin AT favored ethylmalonyl-CoA over methylmalonyl-CoA by 20-fold. Conversely, the disorazole AT had broader specificity than its kirromycin counterpart for acyl carrier protein (ACP) substrates. The presence of the ACP had little effect on the specificity (k(cat)/K(M)) of the cis-AT domain for carboxyacyl-CoA substrates but had a marked influence on the corresponding specificity parameters for the trans-ATs, suggesting that these enzymes do not act strictly by a canonical ping-pong mechanism. To investigate the relevance of the kinetic analysis of isolated ATs in the context of intact PKSs, we complemented an in vitro AT-null DEBS assembly line with either trans-AT. Whereas the disorazole AT efficiently complemented the mutant PKS at substoichiometric protein ratios, the kirromycin AT was considerably less effective. Our findings suggest that knowledge of both carboxyacyl-CoA and ACP specificity is critical to the choice of a trans-AT in combination with a mutant PKS to generate novel polyketides.
Converting Riparian Restoration Waste to Energy: Testing Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) Woody Biomass as Fuel for Downdraft Gasification (2011)

In the course of riparian ecological restoration work, tamarisk biomass is often piled and burned, generating air pollution, or shipped to landfills-a costly alternative. Information on processing and utilizing tamarisk biomass is becoming increasingly valuable in light of the spread of the tamarisk leaf beetle (Diorhabda spp.) as a biological control agent. As beetle populations expand, information on the properties of both green and beetle-killed tamarisk biomass and their suitability as feedstocks for conversion to energy will be useful for land managers seeking to offset the costs of tamarisk removal, restore wildlife habitat and ecosystem function, and reduce wildfire threat posed by standing dead tamarisk. Field trials, feasibility studies, and economic analyses are needed to enable pioneering restorationists and land managers to incorporate tamarisk biomass utilization into their project plans. We collected both green (live) and dead tamarisk impacted by the tamarisk leaf beetle and tested both as fuels for conversion to a clean producer gas via downdraft gasification and then to electricity in a spark-ignited engine/genset at Community Power Corporation in Littleton, Colorado. Both green and dead tamarisk chips were good fuels for gasification, performing more efficiently than a sample of mixed softwood. Further, the data suggest that significantly more energy can be recovered from tamarisk when harvested green, compared to waiting for the tamarisk to die and age. When incorporated into a comprehensive restoration plan, tamarisk appears to have potential to be used as a valuable energy source rather than viewed as unwanted waste.
Study of cubic anisotropy in three dimensions by the scaling-field method (1979)

Scaling-field equations for the hypercubic N-vector model are derived from Wilson’s exact renormalization-group equation and applied to the determination of NC*, the instability point of the isotropic fixed point as a function of N, and to the estimation of the critical point exponents associated with the isotropic, cubic, and decoupled Ising fixed points in hypercubic systems of three spatial dimensions.
Computational pathology improves risk stratification of a multi-gene assay for early stage ER+ breast cancer (2023)

Prognostic markers currently utilized in clinical practice for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and lymph node-negative (LN-) invasive breast cancer (IBC) patients include the Nottingham grading system and Oncotype Dx (ODx). However, these biomarkers are not always optimal and remain subject to inter-/intra-observer variability and high cost. In this study, we evaluated the association between computationally derived image features from H&E images and disease-free survival (DFS) in ER+ and LN- IBC. H&E images from a total of n = 321 patients with ER+ and LN- IBC from three cohorts were employed for this study (Training set: D1 (n = 116), Validation sets: D2 (n = 121) and D3 (n = 84)). A total of 343 features relating to nuclear morphology, mitotic activity, and tubule formation were computationally extracted from each slide image. A Cox regression model (IbRiS) was trained to identify significant predictors of DFS and predict a high/low-risk category using D1 and was validated on independent testing sets D2 and D3 as well as within each ODx risk category. IbRiS was significantly prognostic of DFS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.33 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.02-5.32, p = 0.045) on D2 and a HR of 2.94 (95% CI = 1.18-7.35, p = 0.0208) on D3. In addition, IbRiS yielded significant risk stratification within high ODx risk categories (D1 + D2: HR = 10.35, 95% CI = 1.20-89.18, p = 0.0106; D1: p = 0.0238; D2: p = 0.0389), potentially providing more granular risk stratification than offered by ODx alone.
Frontispiz: Spatially Resolved Bottom‐Side Fluorination of Graphene by Two‐Dimensional Substrate Patterning (2020)

Graphen In der Zuschrift auf S. 6766 demonstrieren A. Hirsch et al. die beidseitige Funktionalisierung von Graphen mit F-Atomen an der Unterseite und O-haltigen Gruppen oder H-Atomen an der Oberseite.
Transverse force profiles of individual dielectric particles in an optical trap (2012)

The transverse force profile of a particle in an optical trap is important for the designs of optical trapping-based force transducers. We mapped these force profiles for micron-size polystyrene beads using a pair of overlapping optical traps produced by two highly focused Gaussian beams with unequal intensity; the stronger trap serves as a force transducer to measure the force of the weaker trap in both linear and nonlinear regimes. For particles with size smaller or comparable to the laser wavelength, the force profiles follow closely the gradient of the Gaussian profile, but as the particle size increases, the force profiles deviate from the shape of the gradient of Gaussian for the distance beyond the position of the maximum force. The distance from the center of the trap to the position of the maximum trapping force was found to increase linearly with the particle size. The experimental results are in good agreements with our theoretical model, based on a combination of the Mie theory, vector Debye integral, and Maxwell stress tensor; except that the experimental particle-size dependence of the maximum trapping forces was found to be weaker than that predicted by the theory.
Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with Reduced Momentum Flips (2012)

Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (or hybrid Monte Carlo) with partial momentum refreshment explores the state space more slowly than it otherwise would due to the momentum reversals which occur on proposal rejection. These cause trajectories to double back on themselves, leading to random walk behavior on timescales longer than the typical rejection time, and leading to slower mixing. I present a technique by which the number of momentum reversals can be reduced. This is accomplished by maintaining the net exchange of probability between states with opposite momenta, but reducing the rate of exchange in both directions such that it is 0 in one direction. An experiment illustrates these reduced momentum flips accelerating mixing for a particular distribution.
AnICManufacturing Yield ModelConsidering Intra-Die Variations (2006)

shrinking, andwithcorresponding tighter pitches, intra die Indeepsubmicron feature sizes continue toshrink aggres- variations arebecoming dominant andarebecoming most sively beyond thenatural capabilities ofthe193nm lithog-significant indetermining manufacturing yield. raphyusedtoproduce those features thanks toallthein- Therearetwocomponents todie-level variations: (1) novations inthefield ofresolution enhancement techniquesintra-die systematic variations and(2)intra-die ran(RET).Withreduced feature sizes andtighter pitches die dom variations. Intra-die systematic variations are level variations becomeanincreasingly dominant factor in strongly layout dependent. Twotypical examples are:(i) determining manufacturing yield. Thusaprediction ofdesign-intra-die critical dimension (CD)variations duetolithogspecific features thatimpactintra-die variability andcorrespondingly itsyield isextremely valuable asitallows foral- raphyand(ii) Cu & oxidethickness variations duetothe tering suchfeatures inamannerthatreduces intra-die vari- Chemical-Mechanical Planarization (CMP)process. Emability andimproves yield. Inthis paper, amanufacturing pirical datashowsthattheintra-die systematic CD and yield modelwhichtakes intoaccount bothphysical layout thickness variations resulting fromthelayout pattern nonfeatures andmanufacturing fluctuations isproposed. The uniformity arebecoming comparable to, evendominant over intra-die systematic variations areevaluated using aphysics-lottolot, wafertowafer, anddietodievariations [1]. In basedmodelasafunction ofadesign's physical layout. The recent years, a numberoffull-chip simulation tools have randomvariations andtheir across-die spatial correlations beendeveloped toevaluate andpredict intra-die systematic areobtained fromdataharvested frommanufactured test variations atthedesign step[2-3]. Inaddition totheintrastructures. Anefficient algorithm isproposed toreduce the order ofthenumerical integration intheyield model. The diesystematic variation, theintra-die randomvariation modelcanbeusedto(i) predict manufacturing yields at tion. Thiscomponent reflects randomfluctuations ofprocess thedesign stage and(ii) enhance thelayout ofadesign for parameters within adie.Theoverall randomvariations tend higher manufacturing yield. tobespatially correlated inthecurrent processes. Whenthe Cate ories and S b ct D t lottolot, wafer towafer, anddietodierandomvariations Categories andSubject Descriptors
Acute Hypertension Induces Oxidative Stress in Brain Tissues (2005)

Arterial hypertension is not only a major risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents, such as stroke and cerebral hemorrhage, but is also associated to milder forms of brain injury. One of the main causes of neurodegeneration is the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is also a common trait of hypertensive conditions, thus suggesting that such a mechanism could play a role even in the onset of hypertension-evoked brain injury. To investigate this issue, we have explored the effect of acute-induced hypertensive conditions on cerebral oxidative stress. To this aim, we have developed a mouse model of transverse aortic coarctation (TAC) between the two carotid arteries, which imposes acutely on the right brain hemisphere a dramatic increase in blood pressure. Our results show that hypertension acutely induced by aortic coarctation induces a breaking of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reactive astrocytosis through hyperperfusion, and evokes trigger factors of neurodegeneration such as oxidative stress and inflammation, similar to that observed in cerebral hypoperfusion. Moreover, the derived brain injury is mainly localized in selected brain areas controlling cognitive functions, such as the cortex and hippocampus, and could be a consequence of a defect in the BBB permeability. It is noteworthy to emphasize that, even if these latter events are not enough to produce ischemic/hemorrhagic injury, they are able to alter mechanisms fundamental for maintaining normal brain function, such as protein synthesis, which has a prominent role for memory formation and cortical plasticity.
The Crystal Structure of a Spirocyclic Cyclophosphazene N3P3(NMe2)4(NHCH2CH2NH) - Evidence for Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding (1978)

Abstract An X-ray crystal structure analysis of tetrakis(dimethylamino)(ethylenediamino)cyclotriphosphazene reveals a novel spirocyclic structure with the spiro ring having an envelope conformation. There is evidence for an intermolecular N-H ··· N bond in the crystal which persists in solution
Skp2-Targetted Ubiquitination of T-Bet Regulates IFN-γ Expression in Sarcoidosis CD8 T Cells (2021)

Rationale: The mechanisms regulating inflammation in sarcoidosis remain poorly understood. Programmed Death-1 (PD-1)+CD8+ T cells exhibit a proinflammatory phenotype that contributes significantly to sarcoidosis progression and reduced lung function.Objective: To better understand the inflammatory signaling processes that precedes Interferon gamma (IFN-) production in PD-1+CD8+ T cells. Methods: Publicly available sarcoidosis microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. Data was obtained from lung biopsies of 8 patients with active but self-limiting pulmonary sarcoidosis and 7 patients with active, progressive fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis. Flow cytometry and western blot was used to quantify protein levels in CD8+ T cells from sarcoidosis and healthy control subjects. Co-immunuprecipitation (co-IP) analysis was performed to examine direct S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( Measurements and Main Results: Microarray analysis demonstrated differential expression of the Skp2 gene (P<0.05), suggesting a role for Skp2 in sarcoidosis progression. Flow cytometric analysis showed reduced percent and mean fluorescent intensity of Skp2 protein in sarcoidosis PD-1+CD8+ T cells compared to control cells, with concomitant increases in IFN-. Co-IP analysis on sarcoidosis CD8+ T cells revealed direct protein interactions between Skp2 and T-bet. Increased ubiquitination of T-bet in the presence of Skp2 was also noted. Skp2 loss of function decreased T-bet protein and IFN- expression, whereas Skp2 overexpression increased T-bet and IFN- levels. Conclusion: This work identifies a previously unrecognized role for Skp2 and T-bet ubiqutination in sarcoidosis progression, supporting the use of readily available therapeutics in the treatment of progressive sarcoidosis.
Human CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocytes mediate potent tumor control in humanized immune system mice (2023)

Abstract Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancers can be limited by CD8 T cell dysfunction or HLA-I down-regulation. Tumor control mechanisms independent of CD8/HLA-I axis would overcome these limitations. Here, we report potent CD4 T cell-mediated tumor regression and memory responses in humanized immune system (HIS) mice implanted with HT-29 colorectal tumors. The regressing tumors showed increased CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration and enhanced tumor HLA-II expression compared to progressing tumors. The intratumoral CD4 T cell subset associated with tumor regression expressed multiple cytotoxic markers and exhibited clonal expansion. Notably, tumor control was abrogated by depletion of CD4 but not CD8 T cells. CD4 T cells derived from tumor-regressing mice exhibited HLA-II-dependent and tumor-specific killing ex vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrates a critical role of human CD4 CTLs in mediating tumor clearance independent of CD8 T cells and provides a platform to study human anti-tumor immunity in vivo.
Face and content validity of a biological papilla designed for the Boškoski-Costamagna ERCP simulator (2023)

Our results show good face validity and excellent content validity of this biological papilla combined with the Boškoski-Costamagna ERCP Trainer. This new tool provides a useful, inexpensive, versatile, and easy tool for training regarding sphincterotomy, precut, and papillectomy. Future studies should explore whether including this model in real-life training improves the learning curve of endoscopy trainees.
Microcamera aperture scale in monocentric gigapixel cameras (2011)

Multiscale cameras achieve wide-angle, high-resolution imaging by combining coarse image formation by a simplified wide-field objective with localized aberration correction in an array of narrow field microcameras. Microcamera aperture size is a critical parameter in multiscale design; a larger aperture has greater capacity to correct aberration but requires a more complex microcamera optic. A smaller aperture requires integration of more microcameras to cover the field. This paper analyzes multiscale system performance as a function of microcamera aperture for 2 and 40 gigapixel monocentric objective lenses. We find that microcamera aperture diameters of 3 to 12 mm paired with complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensors in the 1 to 15 megapixel range are most attractive for gigapixel-scale cameras.