gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable Logo Detection and Recognition with Minimal Labeling (2018)

In this paper we describe a new approach to detecting and locating brand logos in an image using machine learning methods and synthetic training data. Deep learning methods, particularly the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), have been very popular for extracting visual information, such as image shapes and objects, from images. A CNN has parameters and configuration information that are learned from training images. To obtain good accuracy usually a large amount of labeled (groundtruthed) images are required for training. Collecting the training images and labeling them can be expensive and time consuming. Methods that include data augmentation, image synthesis, and bootstrapping techniques provide useful alternatives to creating training images. In this paper, we present a logo detection method that requires minimum labeled images. First, we use synthetic images to train a CNN to detect logos. Then, this CNN is used to automatically detect and localize logos from images extracted from the web. Finally, these images are used to train a logo classifier. The combination of the logo detector and the classifier allows us to locate and classify multiple logos in a scene. While existing methods rely on manually labeled images, our method is fully trained with images obtained in an automated manner with minimal human supervision.
Color selective photodetector and methods of making (2023)

A photoelectric device, such as a photodetector, can include a semiconductor nanowire electrostatically associated with a J-aggregate. The J-aggregate can facilitate absorption of a desired wavelength of light, and the semiconductor nanowire can facilitate charge transport. The color of light detected by the device can be chosen by selecting a J-aggregate with a corresponding peak absorption wavelength.
Measurement of the correlation hole in homogeneous block copolymer melts (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of the correlation hole in homogeneous block copolymer meltsFrank S. BatesCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 3, 525–528Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00145a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00145a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views807Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electronic conduction in poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (1985)

The dark conductivity and photoconductivity of pristine poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) were investigated under strictly controlled experimental conditions. Apparent dark conductivity of pristine PPS increased by more than a decade after the sample was irradiated with UV light. The appearance of apparent high conductivity was found to originate from thermally released electronic carriers which had been captured in deep trapping sites. Dark conductivity of PPS measured in air was about 4 decades higher than that measured under high vacuum. Oxygen absorbed in PPS samples was found to behave as weak electron acceptors and to assist the production of electronic carriers. Large photoconductivity under steady-state photoirradiation was found.
Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing (2018)

Following a brief historical summary of the way in which electron beam lithography developed out of the scanning electron microscope, three state-of-the-art charged-particle beam nanopatterning technologies are considered. All three have been the subject of a recently completed European Union Project entitled "Single Nanometre Manufacturing: Beyond CMOS". Scanning helium ion beam lithography has the advantages of virtually zero proximity effect, nanoscale patterning capability and high sensitivity in combination with a novel fullerene resist based on the sub-nanometre C<sub>60</sub> molecule. The shot noise-limited minimum linewidth achieved to date is 6 nm. The second technology, focused electron induced processing (FEBIP), uses a nozzle-dispensed precursor gas either to etch or to deposit patterns on the nanometre scale without the need for resist. The process has potential for high throughput enhancement using multiple electron beams and a system employing up to 196 beams is under development based on a commercial SEM platform. Among its potential applications is the manufacture of templates for nanoimprint lithography, NIL. This is also a target application for the third and final charged particle technology, viz. field emission electron scanning probe lithography, FE-eSPL. This has been developed out of scanning tunneling microscopy using lower-energy electrons (tens of electronvolts rather than the tens of kiloelectronvolts of the other techniques). It has the considerable advantage of being employed without the need for a vacuum system, in ambient air and is capable of sub-10 nm patterning using either developable resists or a self-developing mode applicable for many polymeric resists, which is preferred. Like FEBIP it is potentially capable of massive parallelization for applications requiring high throughput.
Integrating access-oriented programming into a multiparadigm environment (1989)

The Loops knowledge programming system integrates function-oriented, system object-oriented, rule-oriented, and—something notfound in most other systems—access-oriented programming.
Relaxation Kinetics of Nanoscale Indents in a Polymer Glass (2009)

Nanometer scale indents have been written in a cross-linked polystyrene sample, and their relaxation has been studied at annealing temperatures well below the glass transition of the polymer. The indents represent a highly nonequilibrium state of the polymer which is subjected to mechanical stress of up to 0.4 GPa and thermal quench rates on the order of 10{8} K/s during writing. It is shown that the relaxation towards equilibrium evolves logarithmically over more than 10 orders of magnitude in time. The relaxation kinetics are accurately described in terms of a thermally activated process with an energy barrier whose magnitude decreases linearly with the distance from equilibrium.
Representing Experience in Continuous Evolutionary optimisation through Problem-tailored Search Operators (2020)

Evolutionary algorithms are a class of population-based meta-heuristic methods partially inspired by natural evolution. Specifically, they rely on stochastic variation and selection processes to sequentially find optimal solutions of a function of interest. We attempt in this work to extract preferences in these stochastic evolutionary operators in form of empirical and improved distributions as basis for model-based mutation operators. The latter can be considered as representing problem-tailored search operators which exist independently from the optimisation run and thus can be transferred to similar problem instances. This offline approach is different to existing model-based optimisation techniques, e.g. EDA's, CMA-ES and Bayesian approaches, where adaption happens rather in an online manner without the influence of prior experience. Our approach can be rather considered to follow the recent line of research on knowledge transfer in optimisation, which until now heavily relies upon the transfer of candidate solutions across different optimisation tasks. We investigate in this paper the interplay between algorithm and optimisation task, its influence on the retrieved distributions and explore whether or not these can lead to performance improvements on a selected range of problems, as well as when transferring them across problems. At last, we make a comparison of built distributions in the hope of relating similarity in statistical distances between distributions to possible performance gains.
Absolute micro-encoder using image obtained by ball lens assembled inside wafer (2006)

An absolute micro-encoder based on code imaging is demonstrated. As the lens for the code imaging, a O 300 μm ball lens is assembled inside the cavity between wafer-bonded Pyrex glass and suspensions inside a Si wafer. By designing the appropriate lens holder, the assembling accuracy of the ball lens can be of the same level as that of the alignment accuracy of the aligner used. The photodiode array is prepared in the device Si layer of a silicon-on-insulator wafer realizing the optoelectronic integration. The code image is incident on the backside of the photodiode array. The current signal shows sufficient contrast for resolving the maximum length code having the minimum line width of 13.6 μm. The obtained results correspond to the realization of a 12-bit absolute encoder with the device size of 2 × 2 × 2 mm 3 using a O 18 mm code disc.
Study of MOSFET thermal stability with TSV in operation temperature using novel 3D-LSI stress analysis (2016)

A large thermal-mechanical stress caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs) between the copper and silicon substrate occurs in the active area of the stacked 3D device using the through-silicon via (TSV). Therefore, the study of TSV-induced stress is of fundamental importance in our understanding of the keep-out zone (KOZ). We investigated the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) thermal stability of a device operated by combining Technology Computer-Aided Design - Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (TCAD-SPICE) stress analysis and an actual ring oscillator circuit (ROSC) nearby TSVs. The MOSFET drain current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ) fluctuates in response to the behavior of the Si stress caused by the TSVs. However, it was found that the simulation and test measurement results showed that the KOZ becomes smaller because the electric charge/discharge is canceled in the case of a p/n MOS inverter circuit. This study showed the importance of the design of the KOZ, which includes the temperature fluctuation phenomenon in a real integrated circuit device operation.
Is Low Alveolar Type II Cell SOD3 in the Lungs of Elderly Linked to the Observed Severity of COVID-19? (2020)

Human lungs single-cell RNA sequencing data from healthy donors (elderly and young; GEO accession no. GSE122960) were analyzed to isolate and specifically study gene expression in alveolar type II cells. Colocalization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2 enables severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) to enter the cells. Expression levels of these genes in the alveolar type II cells of elderly and young patients were comparable and, therefore, do not seem to be responsible for worse outcomes observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected elderly. In cells from the elderly, 263 genes were downregulated and 95 upregulated. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) was identified as the top-ranked gene that was most downregulated in the elderly. Other redox-active genes that were also downregulated in cells from the elderly included activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and metallothionein 2A (M2TA). ATF4 is an endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor that defends lungs via induction of heme oxygenase 1. The study of downstream factors known to be induced by ATF4, according to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis™, identified 24 candidates. Twenty-one of these were significantly downregulated in the cells from the elderly. These downregulated candidates were subjected to enrichment using the Reactome Database identifying that in the elderly, the ability to respond to heme deficiency and the ATF4-dependent ability to respond to endoplasmic reticulum stress is significantly compromised. SOD3-based therapeutic strategies have provided beneficial results in treating lung disorders including fibrosis. The findings of this study propose the hypotheses that lung-specific delivery of SOD3/ATF4-related antioxidants will work in synergy with promising antiviral drugs such as remdesivir to further improve COVID-19 outcomes in the elderly.
New Liposomal Delivery System for Controlled Drug Release (1987)

The in vitro release characteristics of a liposomal drug delivery device have been studied. The system consists of a molded agarose matrix in which progesterone is dispersed either free or associated with a liposome formulation. Drug release rates from the devices into aqueous buffer were measured at 37°C. The free progesterone release rate decreased rapidly over 24 hr with > 90% delivered. The liposomal patch, on the other hand, imposed apparent zero-order kinetics, delivering its progesterone payload at about 1%/hr over 24 hr. Further, the liposomal patch significantly slowed transdermal drug delivery across excised hairless mouse skin. The results suggest that the liposomal-based reservoir system can modulate drug input via the skin, and that the zero-order release of progesterone from liposomes is determined by slow transport out of the bilayer.
Customer Engagement in AEP gridSMART Residential Transactive System (2014)

— In 2013, AEP Ohio (AEP) operated a 5-minute real-time price (RTP) electricity market system on 4 distribution feeders as part of their gridSMART® demonstration project. The RTP households were billed for their electricity usage according to an RTP tariff approved by the Public Utility Commission of Ohio. They were given the incentive that their annual bill would be no greater than if they were on the flat-rate tariff, but they had financial incentives to shift consumption from high price periods to low price periods. Incentives were also available for response under high prices from local events, such as reaching the distribution feeder capacity or a critical peak pricing event. An analysis of this transactive system experiment was completed in early 2014. This paper describes the incentive provided to the customer, the nature of their interaction with the smart thermostat that provided automated response to the transactive signal, and their level of satisfaction with the program.
Regenerative Amplification of 55-Femtosecond Pulses at a 1 kHz Repetition Rate: Model and Experiment (2004)

Chirped-pulse amplification is used to generate 0.35 mJ, 55 fs pulses in Ti:Al2O3. We discuss the modeling done to produce this result and the limitations of the methods used. The use of a kHz post-amplifier is also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comprehensive Description of Diffusion Through Solid Polymers (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regenerating your senses: multiple roles for neurogenesis in the adult brain (2008)

How can these rather modest changes in peripheral projection pattern be reconciled with the marked alteration in molecular identity? When looked at from the perspective of one individual limb muscle, these new findings demonstrate that coordinate elimination of all molecular identity from a motor neuron pool results in less severe innervation defects than mutation of a single gene that contributes to the complex code that controls the innervation of that same muscle. These results suggest that in the complete absence of instructions in LMC motor neurons, as observed in Foxp1 mutants, random pathfinding can nevertheless result in seemingly intact innervation patterns. Consistent with this, mice with a mutation in the homeodomain transcription factor gene Mnx1 (also known as Hb9), which exhibit even earlier and more severe defects in motoneuronal specification, also manage to innervate most limb muscle targets 10,11 . Furthermore, in muscles innervated by Pea3-expressing motor neurons, Hb9 mutant mice show projection
Influence of Structural Defects on the Polishing of Silicon Carbide Single Crystal Wafers (2004)

This study attempts to reveal the influence of major defects such as micropipes and planars on the polishing characteristics of silicon carbide (SiC) wafers. SiC wafers were lapped and finish-polished using chemical-mechanical polishing. The surface finish examinations were performed using atomic force microscopy along with a stylus instrument and revealed that for SiC wafers with a low defect density the average surface roughness is less than 5 A. It was found that scratches are generated due to chipping of the walls of micropipes and planars. Moreover, depending on the micropipe density (MPD), wavy features or so-called "orange peels" are created. The quantitative dependence of roughness parameters and the uniformity of surface finish on the micropipe density were evaluated and the occurrence of orange peel was found to increase when the MPD exceeds 100 cm-2.
The Importance of Iminium Geometry Control in Enamine Catalysis: Identification of a New Catalyst Architecture for Aldehyde–Aldehyde Couplings (2004)

Central to the design of a new organocatalyst system for aldehyde–aldehyde aldol reactions is the necessity of iminium geometry control during the enamine addition step (see scheme). Significant structural variation in both the aldol donor and aldol acceptor are possible while maintaining high reaction efficiency and enantioselectivity. TFA=trifluoroacetic acid.
From Printed Transistors to Printed Smart Systems (2015)

Printing as a manufacturing technique is a promising approach to fabricate low-cost, flexible, and large area electronics. Over the last two decades, a wide range of applications has been explored, among them displays, sensors, and printed radio-frequency identification devices. Some of these turned out to be challenging to commercialize due to the required infrastructure investment, accuracy or performance expectations compared to incumbent technologies. However, the progress in terms of material science, device, and process technology now makes it possible to target some realistic applications such as printed sensor labels. The journey leading to this exciting opportunity has been complex. This review describes the experience and current efforts in developing the technology at PARC, a Xerox Company. Printed smart labels open up low-cost solutions for tracking and sensing applications that require high volumes and/or would benefit from disposability. Examples include radiation tags, one-time use medical sensors, tracking the temperature of pharmaceuticals at the item level, and monitoring food sources for spoilage and contamination. Higher performance can be achieved with printed hybrid electronics, integrating microchip-based signal processing, wireless communication, sensing, multiplexing, as well as ancillary passive elements for low-profile microelectronic devices, opening up further applications. This technology offers custom circuitry for demanding applications and is complementary to mass printed transistor circuits. As an example, we describe a prototype sense-and-transmit system, focusing particularly on issues of integration, such as impedance matching between the sensor and circuits, robust printed interconnection of the chips, and compatible interface electronics between printed and discrete parts. Next-generation technologies will enable printing of entire smart systems using microchip inks. A new printing concept for the directed assembly of silicon microchips into functional circuits is described. The process is scalable and has the potential to enable additive, digital manufacturing of high-performance electronic systems.
Recycling of Vitamin C by a Bystander Effect (2003)

Human cells transport dehydroascorbic acid through facilitative glucose transporters, in apparent contradiction with evidence indicating that vitamin C is present in human blood only as ascorbic acid. On the other hand, activated host defense cells undergoing the oxidative burst show increased vitamin C accumulation. We analyzed the role of the oxidative burst and the glucose transporters on vitamin C recycling in an in vitro system consisting of activated host-defense cells co-cultured with human cell lines and primary cells. We asked whether human cells can acquire vitamin C by a "bystander effect" by taking up dehydroascorbic acid generated from extracellular ascorbic acid by neighboring cells undergoing the oxidative burst. As activated cells, we used HL-60 neutrophils and normal human neutrophils activated with phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate. As bystander cells, we used immortalized cell lines and primary cultures of human epithelial and endothelial cells. Activated cells produced superoxide anions that oxidized extracellular ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. At the same time, there was a marked increase in vitamin C uptake by the bystander cells that was blocked by superoxide dismutase but not by catalase and was inhibited by the glucose transporter inhibitor cytochalasin B. Only ascorbic acid was accumulated intracellularly by the bystander cells. Glucose partially blocked vitamin C uptake by the bystander cells, although it increased superoxide production by the activated cells. We conclude that the local production of superoxide anions by activated cells causes the oxidation of extracellular ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid, which is then transported by neighboring cells through the glucose transporters and immediately reduced to ascorbic acid intracellularly. In addition to causing increased intracellular concentrations of ascorbic acid with likely associated enhanced antioxidant defense mechanisms, the bystander effect may allow the recycling of vitamin C in vivo, which may contribute to the low daily requirements of the vitamin in humans.
Inhibition of Phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity by Three-step Fermented Soybeans (2008)

이상의 연구 결과에 의하면 U937 세포에서 FSB 및 TFS 모두 2 mg/ml의 농도에서 6시간까지는 세포증식에 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였고 PMA 처리에 의해서도 세포증식에는 변화가 없었으며, 세포의 형태 및 핵의 형태도 PMA와 FSB 및 TFS의 처리에 의해서 아무런 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 COX-2의 발현의 정도는 PMA 처리에 의해서 증가하였고, 이렇게 증가한 COX-2는 FSB 및 TFS의 선처리에 의해서 효과적으로 억제되는 것으로 나타났다 또한 COX-2에 의해 생성되어 염증반응을 유발하며 세포분열이나 증식에 영향을 줌으로서 각종 질병의 유발과 진행에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있는 <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX>의 경우도 PMA처리에 의하여 증가하였으며 FSB 및 TFS 처리에 의해서 강하게 억제되었다. 특히 FSB에 비하여 TFS를 선처리하였을 경우 PMA에 의하여 과발현된 COX-2 및 <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX> 생성의 억제정도가 더 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 FSB 및 TFS의 항염증기전 해석을 위한 이해와 향후 지속적인 연구를 위한 귀중한 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. In this study, we examined the effects of the fermented soybeans by Bacillus subtilis (FSB) and the novel three-step fermented soybeans (TFS) on the expression and activity of COX-2 in human leukemic U937 cell model. Treatment of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) significantly induced pro-inflammatory mediators such as COX-2 expression and prostaglandin <TEX>$E_2\;(PGE_2)$</TEX> production, whereas the levels of COX-1 remained unchanged. However, pre-treatment with FSB and TFS significantly attenuated the PMA-induced COX-2 protein as well as mRNA, which was associated with inhibition of <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX> production. Moreover, TFS exerts a much better inhibitory activity than FSB against PMA-induced activation of COX-2 and production of <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX> in U937 cells. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of FSB and TFS.