gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Distortion, High-Quality Induction Hardening of Crankshafts and Camshafts (2013)

Abstract This article discusses the implementation of a stationary induction hardening process for crankshafts and camshafts and the measures taken to maximize production rates while controlling part distortion.
A New Active 3D Optical Proximity Sensor Array and its Readout Circuit (2013)

The products in the market are mostly 2D sensing. The touch panel technology is used in the industry and the video game wisely. Many of the ATMs, cell phones and the vending machines have touch panel technology in these years. The touch panel technology grows up quickly. In recent years, there has been increasing interests in proximity sensing technology [1–3]. This study proposes the 3D proximity sensing can be used in un-touch screen, a 3D keyboard, or constructed on the robot’s hand for sensing the distance and position of an object. As the optical components advance, the optical system, optical touch panel, object sensing and medical system are growing up with it. A photo detector is the part of the optical component. However, the photo detector transfers the photon to the current (photocurrent). This study needs a circuit to be the rear end of the photo detector, transferring the current to the voltage. An active pixel sensor is the viable way to realize the function. For the large area object sensing and high resolution, one pixel should be designed as small as possible. A small pixel however gives small photocurrent. The efficient way to transfer the photon to the voltage is important. The aim of this study is to develop a 3D-position sensing technique for an arbitrary object. The schematic for illustration is shown in Fig. 1. Different from conventional 2D capacitance or resistance touch panels, the proposed proximity sensor array has third axis sensing and the 3D sensing. A new active pixel circuit is proposed for realizing the sensor array. The active pixel sensor is used to convert the light to the voltage, and it can improve the resolution and reduce the noise. The standard and official active pixel sensor is a 3T-structure APS (or 3T-APS). The drawback of 3T-APS is that the output range is limited by the original circuit design. The maximum output cannot be up to bias voltage. The new APS resolution is better than the standard 3T-APS resolution in this aspect. It is a good improvement in terms of not only the CMOS sensor but also the 3D optical proximity sensing circuit.
Elucidation of Mechanisms of the Reciprocal Cross Talk between Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Prostaglandin Receptors (2010)

We recently described a novel GnRH receptor signaling pathway mediated by the prostaglandins (PGs) F(2alpha) and PGI(2), which acts through an autocrine/paracrine modality to limit autoregulation of the GnRH receptor and inhibit LH but not FSH release. Here we further explore the cross talk between GnRH and the PG receptors. GnRH stimulates arachidonic acid (AA) release from LbetaT2 gonadotrope cells via the Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) and not via the more common Ca(2+)-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A(2)alpha (cPLA(2)alpha). AA release was followed by a marked induction of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 by GnRH via the protein kinase C/c-Src/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/MAPK pathway. COX-2 transcription by GnRH is mediated by the two nuclear factor-kappaB sites and the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein site within its promoter. Indeed, GnRH stimulates p65/RelA phosphorylation (22-fold) in LbetaT2 cells and the two nuclear factor-kappaB sites apparently act as a composite response element. Although GnRH stimulates cAMP formation in LbetaT2 cells, we found no role for cAMP acting via the cAMP response element site in the COX-2 promoter. PGF(2alpha), PGI(2), or PGE(2) had no effect on GnRH-stimulated ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38MAPK activation or on GnRH- and high K(+)-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) elevation in LbetaT2 and gonadotropes in primary culture. Although, PGF(2alpha), PGI(2), and PGE(2) reduced GnRH-stimulated cAMP formation, we could not correlate it to the inhibition of GnRH receptor expression, which is exerted only by PGF(2alpha) and PGI(2.) Hence, the inhibition by PGF(2alpha) and PGI(2) of the autoregulation of GnRH receptor expression is most likely mediated via inhibition of GnRH-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover and not by inhibition of Ca(2+) elevation and MAPK activation.
Performance of convolutionally coded coherent DS-CDMA systems in multipath fading (2002)

The performance of convolutionally coded DS-CDMA systems is analyzed assuming nonperiodic random spreading sequences, ideal interleaving and a RAKE receiver with perfect knowledge of the channel. In particular, a simple model for the memoryless coding channel that encompasses the effects of multiple access interference, self-noise and thermal noise is first derived. This coding channel model illustrates clearly how ideal channel state information is used at the receiver. Using new tight upper bounds on the bit error probability of convolutional codes over Nakagami, Rayleigh, and Rice fading multipath channels, the performance of convolutionally coded coherent DS-CDMA systems is then evaluated. Finally, the single-cell CDMA capacity is computed and the tradeoffs between performance and maximum number of simultaneous users in a cell are studied.
Electron counting at room temperature in an avalanche bipolar transistor (2008)

We report on real-time detection of single electrons inside a n-p-n bipolar junction transistor at room temperature. Single electrons injected through the base-emitter junction trigger with a high probability the avalanche breakdown of the strongly reverse-biased collector-base junction. The breakdown, rapidly stopped by an avalanche quenching circuit, produces a voltage pulse at the collector which corresponds to the detection of a single electron. Pulse rates corresponding to currents down to the attoampere range are measured with an integration time of about 10s.
Systematic Analysis of Energy and Delay Impact of Very Deep Submicron Process Variability Effects in Embedded SRAM Modules (2005)

Variability is becoming a serious problem in process technology for nanometer technology nodes. The increasing difficulty in controlling the uniformity of critical process parameters (e.g. doping levels) in the smaller devices, makes the electrical properties of such scaled devices much less predictable than in the past. In this paper, we study how these technology effects influence the energy and delay of a SRAM module. Despite the implications in the correct operation of the module, in practically all cases the affected memory implementations become also slower while consuming on average more energy than nominally. This is partly counter-intuitive and no existing literature describes this in a systematic generic way for SRAMs. In this paper, we identify and illustrate the different mechanisms behind this unexpected behavior and quantify the impact of these effects for on-chip SRAMs at the 65 nm technology node.
Perpendicular Lamellae in Parallel Lamellae in a Hierarchical CECEC-P Hexablock Terpolymer (2009)

We describe the synthesis and phase behavior of a nearly monodisperse poly(cyclohexylethylene-b-ethylene-b-cyclohexylethylene-b-ethylene-b-cyclohexylethylene-b-ethylene-alt-propylene) (CECEC-P) hexablock terpolymer, synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization followed by catalytic hydrogenation. This multiblock copolymer, which contains equal volume fractions of P and compositionally symmetric CECEC, microphase separates through chemical incompatibility between C, E, and P and exhibits a complex morphology with two different length scales related to the local (C-E) and overall (C-E-P) sequences. We have identified a perpendicular lamellae in parallel lamellae mesostructure in the CECEC-P sample; where layers of rubbery P separate sheets of alternating layers of semicrystalline E and glassy C, arranged perpendicular to the larger overall lamellar structure.
State Space Identification of Civil Engineering Structures from Output Measurements (1997)

This paper presents the results from a state space system identification simulation study of a 5-degrees-of freedom system driven by white noise. The aim of the study is to compare the durability of the fairly new Stochastic Subspace Technique (SST) with more well-known techniques for identification of civil engineering structures. The SST is compared with the stochastic realization estimator Matrix Block Hankel (MBH) and a prediction error method (PEM). The results show that the investigated techniques give good results in terms of estimated modal parameters and mode shapes. Especially, it is found that the new SST technique gives quickly good results compared with the PEM which takes more time with only a limited improvement of the fit on data.
SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE DOES NOT ESCAPE FROM PLASTIC SYRINGES CAPPED WITH FINE NEEDLES (1998)

SAKAGUCHI, HIROKAZU MD*; OHJI, MASAHITO MD*; BS, FUJIO ADACHI,*,†; TANO, YASUO MD Author Information
Spatio-temporal characteristics of filamentation in broad-area semiconductor lasers: experimental results (1998)

We experimentally study the spatial and temporal characteristics of filamentation in broad-area semiconductor lasers. Near-field measurements show that the sparing between filaments decreases as either the pumping level or the linewidth enhancement factor is increased. Spectral measurements reveal that spatial filaments are accompanied by periodic or chaotic temporal variations. Our experimental results show excellent qualitative agreement with a theory based on a linear stability analysis of the rate equations for an infinitely wide stripe laser.
Mapping HIV-1 Vaccine Induced T-Cell Responses: Bias towards Less-Conserved Regions and Potential Impact on Vaccine Efficacy in the Step Study (2011)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00849680, A Study of Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the MRKAd5 Gag/Pol/Nef Vaccine in Healthy Adults.
Induction of class I and class II MHC antigen expression on murine bone marrow-derived macrophages by IL-4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1). (1988)

We have studied the effects of IL-4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) on the expression of MHC gene products in normal bone marrow-derived macrophages, peritoneal macrophages, and the myelomonocytic cell line WEHI-3. Using both IL-4-containing T cell supernatant and rIL-4, we have observed significant induction of both class I and class II MHC surface expression (about 1.5- to 4-fold increase) in 2-, 3-, and 4-day cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages. This induction was also apparent at the mRNA level as assessed by Northern blot analysis using A beta, E alpha, and class I probes. Kinetic analysis revealed that induction of class II mRNA by IL-4 was slower than induction by IFN-gamma, requiring 48 h before a significant increase was noted. The magnitude of MHC induction by IL-4 was not as great as that seen with IFN-gamma, which was found to increase surface expression of MHC antigens two- to eightfold. IL-4 also differs from IFN-gamma in the repertoire of macrophages responsive to it. IL-4 was unable to induce class I or class II expression in either thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages or WEHI-3 cells whereas IFN-gamma induced MHC antigen expression on both cell types under the same conditions. These data demonstrate that IL-4 is capable of inducing both class I and class II MHC gene products in some, but not all, macrophages.
Instant One‐Pot Preparation of Functional Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) via a Continuous Hydrothermal Approach (2017)

Abstract Instant one‐pot synthesis of functional layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is demonstrated for the first time using a continuous hydrothermal multi‐step process. The as‐prepared pristine material displays high crystallinity and very small LDH nanoparticle size, lateral dimensions below 100 nm and a thickness below 20 nm, all being achieved in only 5 s. This approach was extended to the preparation of i) pristine LDH with different compositions by varying the cation (Mg, Ni, or Zn) and the anion (CO 3 , NO 3 ) and ii) functional LDH by varying the functionalization agent, for example long organic molecules (hybrid LDH), enzymes (bio‐hybrid LDH) or inorganic metal/oxide nanocrystals (inorganic‐LDH). Beyond the design of functional LDH, this paper presents proof of concept for a continuous, one‐pot and multistep high temperature/high pressure (HT/HP) process for the assembly of nanoscaled materials.
Formation of SAMs of Conjugated Thiols on Gold: Base Matters (2010)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Practical life log video indexing based on content and context (2006)

Today, multimedia information has gained an important role in daily life and people can use imaging devices to capture their visual experiences. In this paper, we present our personal Life Log system to record personal experiences in form of wearable video and environmental data; in addition, an efficient retrieval system is demonstrated to recall the desirable media. We summarize the practical video indexing techniques based on Life Log content and context to detect talking scenes by using audio/visual cues and semantic key frames from GPS data. Voice annotation is also demonstrated as a practical indexing method. Moreover, we apply body media sensors to record continuous life style and use body media data to index the semantic key frames. In the experiments, we demonstrated various video indexing results which provided their semantic contents and showed Life Log visualizations to examine personal life effectively.
Exact plant inversion of flexible motion systems with a time-varying state-to-output map (2016)

Many high-accuracy positioning systems have a target performance location that varies with time and position. A typical example is given by wafer stage positioning systems in the lithographic industry. The design of feedforward compensators for such a class of systems, i.e. flexible motion systems having Linear Time Invariant (LTI) state dynamics with Linear Time-Varying (LTV) state-to-output map, can be considerably enhanced if such time or position-varying characteristics of the systems are taken into account. In this work, a strategy to construct a feedforward controller that exactly matches the time-dependent inverse of such a system is investigated. Analysis and simulation on a simplified model show the potential performance improvement obtained with such a strategy.
Identification of a Novel Neuromedin U Receptor Subtype Expressed in the Central Nervous System (2000)

Neuromedin U is a neuropeptide prominently expressed in the upper gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. Recently, GPR66/FM-3 (NmU-R1) was identified as a specific receptor for neuromedin U. A BLAST search of the GenBank(TM) genomic database using the NmU-R1 cDNA sequence revealed a human genomic fragment encoding a G protein-coupled receptor that we designated NmU-R2 based on its homology to NmU-R1. The full-length NmU-R2 cDNA was subsequently cloned, stably expressed in 293 cells, and shown to mobilize intracellular calcium in response to neuromedin U. This response was dose-dependent (EC(50) = 5 nm) and specific in that other neuromedins did not induce a calcium flux in receptor-transfected cells. Expression analysis of human NmU-R2 demonstrated its mRNA to be most highly expressed in central nervous system tissues. Based on these data, we conclude that NmU-R2 is a novel neuromedin U receptor subtype that is likely to mediate central nervous system-specific neuromedin U effects.
Novel Petasis Boronic Acid—Mannich Reactions with Tertiary Aromatic Amines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient laser performance of N:dGdVO_4 crystals grown by the floating zone method (2003)

Efficient laser performance is demonstrated with Nd:GdVO4 crystals grown by the floating zone method. With a 2-at. % Nd-doped crystal a slope efficiency of 67% is achieved with pumping at 808 nm. We also find that pumping at 879 nm with a bandwidth of 1.8 nm is practical for laser diode pumping. With this pumping level the slope efficiency reaches 78%. High-quality Nd:GdVO4 crystals are successfully grown with as much as 15-at.% Nd concentration by the floating zone method without inclusions or macroscopic defects. Homogeneity and high reproducibility of crystal growth are confirmed.
DC flashover mechanism in a rod/rod gap with clean and contaminated barrier (2002)

An investigation on the barrier effects under DC voltage was carried out in a 50 mm rod/rod electrode system with a clean, particle-contaminated barrier and a barrier with small hole. The results show that a clean barrier with certain diameter is very effective to increase DC flashover voltage of the gap. The highest flashover voltage of the gap with a barrier depends on the barrier's diameter, position and dielectric strength. The flashover voltage can be slightly reduced by a conducting particle on the barrier surface. However, a small hole on the barrier results in strong decrease of the flashover voltage. In the paper, flashover characteristics of the rod-barrier-rod gap and the mechanism of barrier effects are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Renormalization group treatment of excluded volume effects in a polyelectrolyte chain in the weak electrostatic coupling limit. II. Decomposition of interactions and calculation of properties (1986)

A theoretical description of excluded volume in polyelectrolytes is considered in the flexible chain limit. The approach generalizes the work of Kholodenko and Freed and removes some deficiencies, present in their work, which become apparent in further extensions of the theory. Renormalization group calculations are pursued to order ε=4−d for the mean square end-to-end distance 〈R2〉, the radius of gyration 〈S2〉, and the second virial coefficient A2. The importance of including both a short range excluded volume interaction as well as a long range electrostatic one is stressed. The electrostatic interaction is effectively treated as a perturbation, so that the results are valid only in the weak electrostatic coupling region. The theory shows that polyelectrolyte excluded volume effects cannot generally be described in a scaling limit, and generalized scaling laws are derived which contain several parameters including the two interaction parameters. A qualitative comparison of the theory with available experimental data is included, and a program for evaluating effective charge distributions on polyelectrolytes is proposed based upon comparison of experiments with extensions of the theory to higher concentrations.
Case Study: Manipulating Groundwater Redox Conditions for MTBE Remediation (2002)

"Case Study: Manipulating Groundwater Redox Conditions for MTBE Remediation." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 11(3), p. 454
Ultra-High-Power Fiber Amplifiers: Scope and Limitations (2007)

Applications of ultrafast fiber lasers based on present and possible future peak and average power limits governed by the availability of large core fibers, pulse stretching and compression technology and optical phase control are discussed.
An Unusual Intramolecular Acetal Alkylation. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Analysis of the temperature dependence of the forward voltage characteristics of GaInN light-emitting diodes (2013)

The forward voltage characteristics of GaInN light-emitting diodes are studied in the temperature range of 80 K to 450 K. The forward-voltage-vs.-temperature curve has a “two-slope” characteristic with a slope of dVf/dT = −1.7 mV/K and −8.0 mV/K at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures, respectively. To investigate the two-slope characteristic, we perform transmission-line-model measurements on p-type GaN and show that both p-type contact and sheet resistance decrease drastically with increasing temperature. We conclude that dVf/dT in the high-slope region is limited by p-type sheet and contact resistance, and in the low-slope region by the GaN pn junction properties.
Use of stereoisomers of zacopride to analyze actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine on enteric neurons (1991)

Two subtypes of excitatory 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor, 5-HT1P and 5-HT3, are found on type 2-AH neurons of the guinea pig myenteric plexus. The 5-HT1P receptor mediates a slow and the 5-HT3 receptor a fast depolarization of these cells, however, the role of these receptors in the physiology of the gut is unknown. Renzapride (BRL 24924), a substituted benzamide, has previously been found to antagonize responses of myenteric neurons mediated by both 5-HT1P and 5-HT3 receptors. The effects on myenteric type 2-AH neurons of a structurally similar benzamide, zacopride, which unlike renzapride has S and R stereoisomers, were investigated to gain further insight into 5-HT receptor function. In contrast to renzapride, S-, but not R-zacopride, was found to mimic the 5-HT1P receptor-mediated slow response to 5-HT. Desensitization of 5-HT1P receptors with 5-HT inhibited slow depolarizing responses to S-zacopride, and desensitization with S-zacopride antagonized slow responses to 5-HT. Responses to S-zacopride were also inhibited by renzapride and the 5-HT1P receptor antagonist N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide (5-HTP-DP). S-zacopride, like renzapride and 5-HT, presynaptically inhibited nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials, an effect that can be mediated by 5-HT1P or 5-HT1A receptors. Both S and R stereoisomers of zacopride antagonized 5-HT3 receptor-mediated fast responses to 5-HT. Unlike 5-HTP-DP, neither zacopride or its stereoisomers nor renzapride inhibited the binding of 5-[3H]HT to 5-HT1P receptors. [3H]zacopride (5-10 nM) was found to bind to a site in the gut from which it could be displaced by a 1,000-fold excess of renzapride and S-zacopride (but not R-zacopride) greater than 5-HTP-DP much greater than the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ICS 205-930. These observations suggest that, in addition to 5-HT3 receptors, there is a benzamide binding site on myenteric neurons that interacts with, but is distinct from, the 5-HT recognition site of 5-HT1P receptors. Benzamides may affect coupling of the 5-HT1P receptor to its effector.
Deep Electrode and Parylene E-Based Capacitive VOC Detector for Micro Gas Chromatograph Application (2019)

This paper presents a capacitive volatile organic compound (VOC) detector with parylene E-coated high-aspect-ratio (HAR) deep electrodes, which opens up a new design framework for high-sensitivity and low limit-of-detection detectors with low power consumption. From evaluations of the VOC sensing performance in steady-state flow, the sensitivity of the HAR detector achieves 48 times higher than that of the planar type with the same width and gap. In GC experiments, the present HAR detector captures well-resolved peaks of VOC mixtures, validating its use as a gas chromatography detector. The sensitivity of the HAR detector against toluene vapor is estimated to be 0.073 fF.s/ppm, which is over 5 times of that of the state-of-the-art PDMS planar detector.