gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthetic origin of the carbon skeleton and oxygen atoms of the LL-F28249.ALPHA., apoent antiparasitic macrolide. (1989)

The biosynthesis of LL-F28249 alpha in a culture of Streptomyces cyaneogriseus has been studied using 13C, 14C and 18O labeled precursors. A complete 13C NMR spectrum of F28249 alpha has been assigned. Incorporation studies using 13C labeled precursors indicate that the carbon skeleton of F28249 alpha is derived from seven acetate, six propionate and one 2-methylpropionate units. The origin of the oxygen atoms of F28249 alpha has been examined by feeding [1-13C,18O2]acetate, [1-13C,18O2]propionate, [2-13C]acetate/18O2 and 18O2 separately to the fermentation culture and analyzing the resulting labeled LL-F28249 alpha samples by 13C NMR, electron impact MS and chemical ionization MS. Out of a total of eight oxygen atoms in LL-F28249 alpha, four oxygen atoms are derived from acetate, three from propionate and one from molecular oxygen.
Bicarbonate‐mediated transcriptional activation of divergent operons by the virulence regulatory protein, RegA, from Citrobacter rodentium (2008)

Regulation of virulence gene expression plays a central role in the pathogenesis of enteric bacteria as they encounter diverse environmental conditions in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts. In this study, we investigated environmental regulation of two putative virulence determinants adcA and kfc by RegA, an AraC/XylS-like regulator, from Citrobacter rodentium, and identified bicarbonate as the environmental signal which induced transcription of adcA and kfc through RegA. Primer extension experiments showed that adcA and kfc were divergently transcribed from sigma(70) promoters. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that bicarbonate facilitated and stabilized the binding of RegA to an operator located between the two promoters. The interaction of RegA with its DNA target resulted in the formation of a nucleosome-like structure, which evidently displaced the histone-like proteins, H-NS and StpA, from the adcA and kfc promoter regions, leading to transcriptional derepression. In addition, our results indicated that RegA also behaved as a Class I activator by directly stimulating transcription initiation by RNA polymerase. This is the first report to describe the molecular mechanism by which an environmental chemical stimulates transcription of virulence-associated genes of an enteric pathogen through an AraC/XlyS-like activator.
Real-time robot motion control with circulatory fields (2002)

This paper introduces a new feedback algorithm for steering a point robot through an obstacle field. The key innovation is the use of a circulatory field to rotate the robot path around the obstacles instead of the common potential field which repels the robot. This idea is motivated by a charged particle in a magnetic field generated by a current flowing around the obstacle. In constrast, the potential field approach is associated with a repulsive static electric field generated by charges of the same polarity as the robot, on the obstacle. The circulatory field does not generate any spurious local minimum as it does not change the total energy of the system. By combining with an attractive potential field associated with the desired destination, this method achieves global convergence while avoiding collisions with obstacles.
Microbiota Detection Patterns Correlate With Presence and Severity of Barrett’s Esophagus (2021)

Microbial community structures differ between patients with and without Barrett's esophagus. Certain organisms are less likely to be detected as the severity of Barrett's esophagus worsens. These results suggest that particular organisms may have a protective effect against the development of Barrett's esophagus.
Magnetocaloric properties of doped lanthanum manganite films (1996)

LaMnO3 films doped with Ca, Ba, or Sr have been fabricated using the metalorganic decomposition technique. These films exhibit paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transitions at 250, 300, and 350 K, respectively. By measuring the film magnetization as a function of field and temperature we have determined the entropy change associated with these transitions. The large magnetization of these materials results in a total entropy change a factor of five less than that of gadolinium, the prototypical high-temperature magnetocaloric material. Improvements in film morphology and composition may provide a further increase in the magnetization and total entropy change in these materials.
E-Participation with Stakeholders' Feedback Platforms (2014)

Natural language summarization and other social media analytics tools enable a communication manager to rapidly browse through a large number of text documents authored by citizens and get a sense of their interests and opinions. However, this approach is rather passive and unidirectional because it does not allow proposing to the citizen to express their opinions on specific topics. Similarly, social media platforms allow a crowd of individuals to answer questions but not support a “one-to-many” dialogue, where the communication manager, acting on behalf of the public authorities, can interact with the crowd. In this chapter, the authors describe a software platform that aims to address this gap and describe the system envisioned in the FUPOL project.
Screening strategies for colorectal cancer among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and family history (2015)

Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) are at higher risks but how they should be screened remains uncertain. Hence, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of CRC screening among patients with NAFLD and family history by different strategies. A hypothetical population of 100,000 subjects aged 40-75 years receive: (i) yearly fecal immunochemical test (FIT) at 50 years; (ii) flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) every 5 years at 50 years; (iii) colonoscopy 10 yearly at 50 years; (iv) colonoscopy 10 yearly at 50 years among those with family history/NAFLD and yearly FIT at 50 years among those without; (v) colonoscopy 10 yearly at 40 years among those with family history/NAFLD and yearly FIT at 50 years among those without and (vi) colonoscopy 10 yearly at 40 years among those with family history/NAFLD and colonoscopy 10 yearly at 50 years among those without. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was studied by Markov modeling. It was found that colonoscopy, FS and FIT reduced incidence of CRC by 49.5, 26.3 and 23.6%, respectively. Using strategies 4, 5 and 6, the corresponding reduction in CRC incidence was 29.9, 30.9 and 69.3% for family history, and 33.2, 34.7 and 69.8% for NAFLD. Compared with no screening, strategies 4 (US$1,018/life-year saved) and 5 (US$7,485) for family history offered the lowest ICER, whilst strategy 4 (US$5,877) for NAFLD was the most cost-effective. These findings were robust when assessed with a wide range of deterministic sensitivity analyses around the base case. These indicated that screening patients with family history or NAFLD by colonoscopy at 50 years was economically favorable.
Tocotrienols inhibit growth of ZR-75–1 breast cancer cells (2000)

The vitamin E component of palm oil provides a rich source of tocotrienols which have been shown previously to be growth inhibitory to two human breast cancer cell lines: responsive MCF7 cells and unresponsive MDA-MB-231 cells. Data presented here shows that the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil and individual fractions (alpha, gamma and delta) can also inhibit the growth of another responsive human breast cancer cell line, ZR-75–1. At low concentrations in the absence of oestrogen tocotrienols stimulated growth of the ZR-75–1 cells, but at higher concentrations in the presence as well as in the absence of oestradiol, tocotrienols inhibited cell growth strongly. As for MCF7 cells, a-tocopherol had no effect on growth of the ZR-75–1 cells in either the absence or presence of oestradiol. In studying the effects of tocotrienols in combination with antioestrogens, it was found that TRF could further inhibit growth of ZR-75–1 cells in the presence of tamoxifen (10-7M and 10-8M). Individual tocotrienol fractions (alpha, gamma, delta) could inhibit growth of ZR-75–1 cells in the presence of 10-8M oestradiol and 10-8M pure antioestrogen ICI 164 384. The immature mouse uterine weight bioassay confirmed that TRF could not exert oestrogen antagonist action in vivo. These results provide evidence of wider growth-inhibitory effects of tocotrienols beyond MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and with an oestrogen-independent mechanism of action, suggest a possible clinical advantage in combining administration of tocotrienols with antioestrogen therapy.
Pushing EUV lithography development beyond 22-nm half pitch (2009)

Microfield exposure tools (METs) have and continue to play a dominant role in the development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resists and masks. One of these tools is the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3 numerical aperture (NA) MET. Here we investigate the possibilities and limitations of using the 0.3-NA MET for sub-22-nm half-pitch development. We consider mask resolution limitations and present a method unique to the centrally obscured MET allowing these mask limitations to be overcome. We also explore projection optics resolution limits and describe various illumination schemes allowing resolution enhancement. At 0.3-NA, the 0.5 k1 factor resolution limit is 22.5 nm meaning that conventional illumination is of limited utility for sub-22-nm development. In general resolution enhancing illumination encompasses increased coherence. We study the effect of this increased coherence on line-edge roughness, which along with resolution is another crucial factor in sub-22-nm resist development.
Innate Immune Activation and Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Preschool Children (2022)

Early childhood is characterised by repeated infectious exposures that result in inflammatory responses by the innate immune system. In addition, this inflammatory response to infection is thought to contribute to the epidemiological evidence linking childhood infection and adult non-communicable diseases. Consequently, the relationship between innate immune responses and inflammation during early life may inform prevention of NCDs later in life. In adults, non-genetic host factors such as age, sex, and obesity, strongly impact cytokine production and circulating mediators, but data in children are lacking. Here, we assessed cytokine responses and inflammatory markers in a population of healthy preschool children (mean age 4.2 years). We studied associations between cytokines, plasma inflammatory markers and non-genetic host factors, such as sex, age, adiposity, season, and immune cell composition. Similar to adults, boys had a higher inflammatory response than girls, with IL-12p70 and IL-10 upregulated following TLR stimulation. Adiposity and winter season were associated with increased circulating inflammatory markers but not cytokine production. The inflammatory markers GlycA and hsCRP were positively associated with production of a number of cytokines and may therefore reflect innate immune function and inflammatory potential. This dataset will be informative for future prospective studies relating immune parameters to preclinical childhood NCD phenotypes.
Repairable reinforced composites of 1D TiO2 lepidocrocite mesoparticles and thiol-yne click networks via alkylborane-initiated in situ polymerization (2023)

Synthesizing high-performance, multifunctional composites often entails poor filler dispersion, complex processes, or limited processing conditions. Hence, the advent of versatile syntheses employing simple conditions, inexpensive fillers, standard equipment, and robust reactions could expand attainable composites having enhanced performance, functionality, and customizability. We report on the synthesis of a novel multifunctional elastomeric composite from a new, reinforcing titania-based filler and a repairable, dynamic-covalent thiol-yne network or dissociative covalent adaptable network. Composites were processed by in situ polymerization via thiol-yne “click” chemistry initiated with a trialkylborane. Composite processing yields quantitative monomer conversion and uniform filler dispersion. The filler was a titania-based mesoparticle, self-assembled from 1D lepidocrocite nanofilaments through a recently discovered, scalable, and nearly universal route to wide-ranging nanostructures. A 47-fold enhancement in the modulus was achieved with 60 wt % filler versus the neat polymer, agreeing with theory. The reinforced, cross-linked composites were multifunctional, providing reprocessability over multiple damage-repair cycles with restoration of their mechanical properties.
IMPACT: Immunotherapy in patients with metastatic cancers and CDK12 mutations. (2019)

TPS5091 Background: Tumors with biallelic CDK12 loss have been identified as a distinct subtype in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and other cancer types. The CDK12 biallelic loss mCRPC genomic signature, distinct from homologous recombination deficient (HRD) and ETS fusion signatures, is characterized by excessive tandem duplications, genomic instability, gene fusion-caused putative neoantigens, and increased tumor T cell infiltration. Early clinical experience with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in CDK12 loss mCRPC patients (pts) is notable for deep and sustained PSA as well as radiographic responses. We hypothesize that CDK12 biallelic loss is a potential biomarker of immune checkpoint immunotherapy (ICI) efficacy in mCRPC and other cancers. Methods: IMPACT (NCT03570619) is a multi-center, open label, phase 2 study of pts with metastatic cancers that harbor CDK12 biallelic loss. mCRPC pts will be enrolled in cohort A (n = 25) in a Mini-Max Simon Two-Stage design, and all other pts in single-stage cohort B (n = 15). All pts will receive induction therapy with nivolumab 3 mg/kg IV and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg IV q3 weeks for up to 4 cycles, followed by maintenance nivolumab at 480 mg IV q4 weeks (up to 52 weeks in total). Eligible pts must have identified biallelic CDK12 loss on any CLIA/CAP approved next generation sequencing assay and a histologic diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma or other metastatic carcinoma. No prior ICI is allowed. The primary endpoint is the overall response rate (ORR) in cohort A per PCWG3 criteria. An ORR of 30% is targeted in cohort A. Secondary endpoints include safety, secondary efficacy measures, quality of life, and survival measures. Exploratory objectives include tumor whole exome analysis and changes in immune profiles with therapy. Comprehensive and serial monitoring of peripheral blood immune cell populations will be performed via T cell clonal diversity assessment and multi-parametric flow cytometry. Changes in myeloid and lymphoid populations will be assessed from whole blood. Polarization and effector function of T cells and activation of antigen presenting cells will be further characterized from isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Study accrual is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03570619.
Whistleblowing in the Health and Financial Services Sectors (2022)

Abstract This chapter considers whistleblowing in the health and financial services sector. In relation to health it examines the momentum for reform, the introduction of Freedom to Speak Up and amendments to NHS terms and conditions. It looks at the professional standards authority for health and social care and the legislative reform for applicants in the NHS, the National Whistleblowing policy in the NHS, and the role of Whistleblowing Guardians and the National Guardian’s Office. It considers the use of injunctions and the applicability of judicial review. In relation to the financial services sector, the chapter examines the internal whistleblowing arrangements and role of the FCA and PRA. It considers the purpose and function of the whistleblowers’ champion. It discusses the use of settlement agreements and the duty to report concerns, with financial incentives to report matters. Finally, it considers the annual reports from the PRA and FCA as prescribed bodies.
Supplementary Figures from Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer (2023)

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Asymmetric Coils for Large Tolerance EV Chargers (2017)

As discussed in the previous chapter, large tolerance is one of the best characteristics of a static electric vehicle (EV) charger, but only if no severe penalty for the larger tolerance is found. In this chapter, an explanation is given of asymmetric coil sets for wireless stationary EV chargers, which have a significantly larger lateral tolerance than any others in the world. The pick-up coil set is much smaller than the power supply coil set, thereby allowing large lateral and longitudinal displacements as well as robustness to airgap displacement. EMF is reasonably reduced by arranging magnetic poles along the EV's moving direction so that alternating magnetic flux through adjacent poles cancel each other. A dominant field analysis (DoFA) useful for complex vector magnetic flux simulation is used, which was introduced in Chapter 15 and is applicable to any resonating coils of inductive power transfer systems (IPTSs). Furthermore, a hysteresis loss model is suggested, which appropriately reflects the partial core saturation in a system analysis. A prototype IPTS including the proposed coil sets were designed and successfully verified by experiments. In the quick charging mode, maximum output power of 15 kW, large lateral displacement of 40 cm, longitudinal displacement of 20 cm, and an airgap of 15 cm were achieved, and low EMF of 6.1 μT at 20 kHz was achieved in the normal charging mode of 5 kW. This chapter is written based on the paper by S.Y. Choi, B.W. Gu, J. Huh, W.Y. Lee, J.G. Cho, and C.T. Rim, “Asymmetric coil sets for wireless stationary EV chargers with large lateral tolerance by dominant field analysis,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 6406–6420, December 2014.
Expression and characterization of a recombinant psychrophilicγ-carbonic anhydrase (NcoCA) identified in the genome of the Antarctic cyanobacteria belonging to the genusNostoc (2015)

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the CO2 hydration/dehydration reversible reaction: CO2 + H2O ⇄ [Formula: see text] + H(+). Living organisms encode for at least six distinct genetic families of such catalyst, the α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ζ- and η-CAs. The main function of the CAs is to quickly process the CO2 derived by metabolic processes in order to regulate acid-base homeostasis, connected to the production of protons (H(+)) and bicarbonate. Few data are available in the literature on Antarctic CAs and most of the scientific information regards CAs isolated from mammals or prokaryotes (as well as other mesophilic sources). It is of great interest to study the biochemical behavior of such catalysts identified in organism living in the Antarctic sea where temperatures average -1.9 °C all year round. The enzymes isolated from Antarctic organisms represent a useful tool to study the relations among structure, stability and function of proteins in organisms adapted to living at constantly low temperatures. In the present paper, we report in detail the cloning, purification, and physico-chemical properties of NcoCA, a γ-CA isolated from the Antarctic cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. This enzyme showed a higher catalytic efficiency at lower temperatures compared to mesophilic counterparts belonging to α-, β-, γ-classes, as well as a limited stability at moderate temperatures.
Blockade of CD40L/CD40 costimulatory pathway in a DST presensitization model of islet allograft leads to a state of allo-Ag specific tolerance and permits subsequent engraftment of donor strain islet or heart allografts (1998)

313 Pre-sensitization to histocompatibility antigens is a problem of great concern in clinical transplantation. In an islet allograft model pre-sensitization via administration of donor specific transfusion (DST) 4 weeks before transplantation results in accelerated rejection. We hypothesized that blockade of CD40L/CD40 costimulatory pathway and DST will lead to a state of donor specific anergy or tolerance. Twenty eight days prior to transplantation B6AF1 (H-2b/kd) recipient mice received (I) no treatment (n=6); (II) 500 µg of hamster control Ig i.v. (n=5); (III) 500 µg of anti-CD40L mAb intravenously (n=8). Six hours later these B6AF1 mice received 0.25 ml of fresh heparinized whole blood from donor DBA/2 (H-2d, DST). As a control group seven B6AF1 recipients were transplanted with DBA/2 islet allografts without DST. Results: Table Six DST and anti-CD40L treated recipients with >150 day graft survival were undertwent nephrectomy and received a second islet allograft one week after hyperglycemia was evident. All 4 mice accepted same donor strain islet grafts (DBA/2), while other 2 mice acutely rejected second islet allografts from a third party(C3H). Moreover, two DST and anti-CD40L treated islet allograft recipients accepted heterotopic vascularized heart allograft (>60 days) from same donor strain (DBA/2) one month after the primary islet transplant without further treatment.Conclusion: Blockade of CD40L/CD40 costimulatory pathway in a DST presensitization model induced allo-Ag specific tolerance and permits subsequent engraftment of donor islet or heart grafts without further treatment. This general strategy may be appropriate for clinical development.
Software-Defined Radio Prototype for Fast-Convolution-Based Filtered OFDM in 5G NR (2019)

In this work, we provide first-in-class measurement results for fast-convolution-based filtered orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (FC-F-OFDM) processing implemented on a universal software radio peripheral (USRP) software-defined radio (SDR). The fast-convolution-based processing offers a highly efficient and flexible filtered OFDM scheme allowing to achieve high spectral utilization in different channel bandwidths. Through the SDR implementation and transmitter spectrum emission measurements, we show that FC-F-OFDM allows to increase spectrum utilization compared to the fifth generation new radio (5G NR) Release-15 requirements. Furthermore, considering the out-of-band emission masks and adjacent-channel-leakage-ratio requirements, FC-F-OFDM provides a larger interference margin than well-known windowed overlap-and-add OFDM processing.
X- and Y-Codes for MIMO precoding (2010)

We consider a time division duplex (TDD) n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> × n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with known channel state information (CSI) at both transmitter and receiver. Using singular value decomposition (SVD) precoding at the transmitter, the MIMO channels are transformed into parallel subchannels. To improve the low diversity order, we propose X- and Y-Codes, prior to SVD precoding, to pair subchannels having different diversity orders. Specifically, a pair of channels is jointly encoded using a 2 × 2 real matrix, which is fixed a priori and does not change with each channel realization. Moreover, we propose X-, Y-Precoders with the same encoding matrices as X-, Y-Codes, which adapt to each channel realization. The optimal encoding matrices for X- and Y-Codes/Precoders are derived analytically to minimize the average error probability. Finally, we see that X-, Y-Codes/Precoders indeed achieve higher diversity gains at very low encoding/decoding complexity for both well- and ill-conditioned channels, respectively, when compared to other precoding schemes in the literature. We also observe that for the Rayleigh fading channel model X- and Y-Codes/Precoders exhibit the best average error performance.