gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein misfolding in the late‐onset neurodegenerative diseases: Common themes and the unique case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2013)

Enormous strides have been made in the last 100 years to extend human life expectancy and to combat the major infectious diseases. Today, the major challenges for medical science are age-related diseases, including cancer, heart disease, lung disease, renal disease, and late-onset neurodegenerative disease. Of these, only the neurodegenerative diseases represent a class of disease so poorly understood that no general strategies for prevention or treatment exist. These diseases, which include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are generally fatal and incurable. The first section of this review summarizes the diversity and common features of the late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus on protein misfolding and aggregation-a recurring theme in the molecular pathology. The second section focuses on the particular case of ALS, a late-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of central nervous system motor neurons, leading to paralysis and patient death. Of the 10% of ALS cases that show familial inheritance (familial ALS), the largest subset is caused by mutations in the SOD1 gene, encoding the Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). The unusual kinetic stability of SOD1 has provided a unique opportunity for detailed structural characterization of conformational states potentially involved in SOD1-associated ALS. This review discusses past studies exploring the stability, folding, and misfolding behavior of SOD1, as well as the therapeutic possibilities of using detailed knowledge of misfolding pathways to target the molecular mechanisms underlying ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Superconductivity in sulfur-based organic superconductors: A volume property (1986)

We have shown by dc low-field magnetization measurements the existence of diamagnetic shielding and Meissner signals in the ambient-pressure organic superconductors, \ensuremath{\beta}-(ET${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{IBr}}_{2}$ and \ensuremath{\beta}-(ET${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{AuI}}_{2}$, below T=2.5 K and T=4.1 K, respectively [ET is bis(ethylenedithio)tetra- thiafulvalene]. This proves that superconductivity is a volume property in these compounds. We also measured the upper critical field ${H}_{c2}$ in the compound \ensuremath{\beta}-(ET${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{AuI}}_{2}$. Combined with the low-field data this yields a thermodynamically consistent picture using Ginzburg-Landau theory and a weak-coupling Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer gap.
Tunneling in junctions based on metal-oxide superconductors (1987)

The current–voltage characteristics and their derivatives have been studied for tunnel junctions based on metal-oxide superconductors. On the basis of the minimum differential resistance Rd = dV/dI, which is usually associated with the existence of an energy gap in the excitation spectrum of a superconductor, we obtained the following values for Δ at T = 2 °K: Δ = 4.45 meV (2Δ /kTc = 2.75) for La1.8Sr0.2CuO4, Δ = 6.45 meV (2Δ /kTc = 5) for La1.8Ba0.2CuO4, and Δ = 17 meV (2Δ /kTc = 4.4) for Y1.8Ba0.2CuO4.
Potentials of Group IV Photonics Interconnects for "Red-shift" Computing Applications (2007)

Compute performance must continue to scale to meet the growing proliferation of computing capability and the reduced price per performance expected from computing systems manufacturers. Indeed, we have already witnessed over 5 orders of magnitude improvement in performance-per-dollar over the last three decades, well in excess of the improvements delivered by technology scaling alone. "Redshift" applications are those that are underserved by Moore's law, and require continued scaling and improvements in efficiencies at the system level. Examples of such applications include content servers and high-performance computing.
Development of Extended Performance Near IR Photodiodes: A New Approach Based on Ge-Sn Materials Integrated on Silicon (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Rosiglitazone Facilitates Angiogenic Progenitor Cell Differentiation Toward Endothelial Lineage (2004)

Similar to embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors, the adult BM and peripheral blood harbor APCs that are at least bipotential and able to differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle lineages. The PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone promotes the differentiation of these APCs toward the endothelial lineage and attenuates restenosis after angioplasty.
Magnetically actuated reconfigurable pixelated antenna (2018)

In this paper, a 6-element pixelated antenna with reconfigurable resonance frequency and polarization is presented. Reconfiguration is achieved by mechanically connecting/disconnecting 6 movable Ni patches to/from fixed Cu patches, hence realizing patch antennas of different sizes and shape. Each movable patch is a cantilevered plate, micro-fabricated from a Ni layer plated on an RT Duroid substrate. The Ni patch is magnetically actuated by means of an electro-permanent magnet (EPM) placed behind the ground plane of the antenna. Since the Ni patch is itself part of the radiating element, this approach eliminates the need to insert an external switch on the antenna plane. The EPM is placed behind the ground plane, therefore eliminating losses associated with bias lines generally used in pixelated antennas. Most importantly, the very low mechanical contact resistance (as low as 200 mΩ) between the Ni and Cu patch ensures high antenna efficiency. The EPM enables latching of the magnetic actuator, hence resulting in zero static configuration power consumption. Measured resonance frequency reconfigurability, radiation pattern and radiation efficiency agree well with simulated data.
Optimal design and performance of distributed signal detection systems with faults (1990)

The design and performance of distributed signal detection systems with processor failures is presented. Using a general processor fault model, which also models an imperfect channel, the optimal design given prior failure probabilities is considered. The optimal design provides a performance bound for each system when failures may occur. It is shown that for general distributed systems, a likelihood ratio test is the optimal design for each local processor, provided failures are independent of the received observation vectors. The optimal design performs significantly better than the design that assumes no failures. It is shown that the fusion network performs better than a single centralized processor for many channels. This illustrates that, for the fusion network, the performance gained by decreasing the effect of failures outweighs the performance lost by distributing the processing. The serial network always performs worse than centralized; its performance is bounded as the number of channels increases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis of 2‐Vinylindoles. (1989)

Abstract The 3‐indolecarboxylate (III), which is prepared from the ester (I), is coupled with the aldehydes or ketones (IV), forming the 2‐vinylindoles (VII) via cleavage and decarboxylation of the intermediate fused dehydropyranone (V).
Soluções para o desenvolvimento de sistemas seguros (2007)

The Brazilian Symposium on Information and Computational Systems Security (SBSeg) is a scientific event promoted annually by the Brazilian Computer Society (SBC). SBSeg represents the country’s main forum for disseminating research results and relevant activities related to information and computational systems security. This book comprises the four chapters produced by the authors of the short courses selected for presentation at SBSeg 2007. Chapter 1, "Forense Computacional: fundamentos, tecnologias e desafios atuais", presents basic notions of computer forensics and tools that can be used to collect, keep and analyze evidences. The anatomy of some malicious codes and case studies are also used as a complement on the subject and as a way of increasing its comprehension. Chapter 2, "Esteganografia e suas Aplicações", explores some steganography techniques since these techniques can be used to protect communications. This chapter also shows some of the applications and the applicability of steganography as an alternative to well-known cryptographic methods. Chapter 3, "Introdução à Segurança Demonstrável", is an introductory reference for those interested in understanding provable security techniques, a subject of theoretical cryptography that studies the formal definition of strong security requirements and methods that may be used to analyse the security of cryptographic schemes with regard to these requirements. Chapter 4, "Soluções para o desenvolvimento de sistemas seguros", presents new methods to develop secure software systems, based not only on the application of existing theories but also on the adoption of a development process that considers security by design as an integral part of the software construction project.
Digestive Physiology and the Role of Microorganisms (2006)

The gastrointestinal tract contains within it a microenvironment of bacteria that influences the host animal in many ways. The microflora can metabolize several nutrients that the host cannot digest and converts these to end products (such as short-chain fatty acids), a process that has a direct impact on digestive physiology. The microbiota directs the assembly of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, helps educate the immune system, affects the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, modulates proliferation and differentiation of its epithelial lineages, regulates angiogenesis, modifies the activity of the enteric nervous system, and plays a key role in extracting and processing nutrients consumed in the diet. Despite these important effects, the mechanisms by which the gut microbial community influences host biology remain almost entirely unknown. Recent molecular-based investigations have confirmed the species diversity and metabolic complexity of gut microflora, although there is much work to be done to understand how they relate to each other as well as the host animal. It is almost a century ago that Eli Metchnikoff proposed the revolutionary idea to consume viable bacteria to promote health. Since that time, the area known as probiotics has made dramatic progress, particularly during the past 2 decades. The last 20 yr have also seen the emergence of a new, related area of study—prebiotics. Use of these 2 ideas—providing live nonpathogenic bacteria as well as substrates for their growth—have potential to help optimize the health of animals by manipulating the gastrointestinal tract in positive ways.
RELIABILITY IN SINGLE DOMAIN VS. MULTI DOMAIN OPTICAL MESH NETWORKS (2002)

on the number of unavailable minutes per year. The widespread belief is that networks with faster restoration times are more reliable, created by the assumption that fast restoration from a failure leads to smaller down time. This is not necessarily the case since it has been shown that reliability may have little to do with the restoration speed when the restoration time is small compared to the mean time to repair of the failed elements. In this paper, we compare the reliability of optical mesh networks with multi domain restoration and single domain restoration using both dedicated mesh protection and shared mesh restoration, and show that splitting a network into multiple domains increases the overall reliability. 1.
Efficient Donor Impurities in ZnO Nanorods by Polyethylene Glycol for Enhanced Optical and Glutamate Sensing Properties (2016)

In this paper, we show that the possibility of using polyethylene glycol (EG) as a hydrogen source and it is used to assist the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorods (ZNRs). EG doping in ZNRs has been found to significantly improve their optical and chemical sensing characteristics toward glutamate. The EG was found to have no role on the structural properties of the ZNRs. However, the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests that the EG could induce donor impurities effect in ZnO. Photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis. spectra demonstrated this doping effect. Mott-Schottky analysis at the ZNRs/electrolyte interface was used to investigate the charge density for the doped ZNRs and showed comparable dependence on the used amount of EG. Moreover, the doped ZNRs were used in potentiometric measurements for glutamate for a range from 10(-6) M to 10(-3) M and the potential response of the sensor electrode was linear with a slope of 91.15 mV/decade. The wide range and high sensitivity of the modified ZNRs based glutamate biosensor is attributed to the doping effect on the ZNRs that is dictated by the EG along with the high surface area-to-volume ratio. The findings in the present study suggest new avenues to control the growth of n-ZnO nanostructures and enhance the performance of their sensing devices.
A plant-and-play wireless sensor network system for gate monitoring (2009)

We present a practical plant-and-play wireless sensor network system for entry-exit monitoring. Our system is easily configurable and robust, making it feasible to be deployed in a wide range of entry-exit monitoring applications. At the core of our system lies a novel MAC protocol that is self-synchronizing. Notably, our MAC protocol allows the nodes to maintain a very low duty cycle (the radios are in sleep mode 100% of the time in the absence of detections), while also enabling quick synchronization of the nodes (when needed) for a consistent classification of entry or exit events. We have deployed this system for monitoring a faculty parking lot at our university and integrated it with an SMS notification system to provide information on the availability of parking spots on demand. We present the parking lot occupancy trends obtained through this deployment and discuss some of the reliability issues encountered.
Simultaneous Nonlinear Least Squares Fitting Technique For NMR Spectroscopy (2005)

A new iterative nonlinear least squares fitting technique is developed to fit the NMR free induction decay (FlD) signals in the time domain. The new technique makes it possible fitting all the parameters, e.g., frequencies, decay factors, amplitudes and phases, simultaneously. The corresponding initial values are obtained by linear prediction singular value decomposition (LPSVD)[ 11, which is a completely automatic process without any manual processing. The application of the new fitting technique yields a list of fitted parameters. Since the fitting process is carried out in the time domain, it is possible to fit truncated signals or the ones with shorter duration without a degradation of the resolution. The new technique also enables one to resolve close and overlapping frequency components which can not be resolved by fast Fourier transform (FFT) alone[2]. The FFT is used to provide initial frequencies for some weak components in case of low signal-to-noise ratio, but only as a complementary procedure.
Significant Quantum Efficiency Enhancement of InGaN Red Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes with a Peak External Quantum Efficiency of up to 6% (2023)

We demonstrate a significant quantum efficiency enhancement of InGaN red micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs). The peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the packaged 80 × 80 μm2 InGaN red μLEDs was largely increased to 6.0% at 12 A/cm2, representing the significant process in exploring the efficiency of InGaN red μLEDs. The improvement of the EQE is attributed to the significant enhancement of the quantum efficiency, which is confirmed by the electron–hole wavefunction overlap in the InGaN quantum well from the band gap simulation and the photoluminescence intensity ratio at room temperature/low temperature. Ultrasmall 5 × 5 μm2 InGaN red μLEDs were also obtained, which show a high peak EQE of 4.5%. This work demonstrates a simple approach to achieving highly efficient InGaN red μLEDs, which are very promising candidates for ultrasmall red μLEDs required by AR/VR displays.
Application of GC–HRMS and GC×GC–TOFMS To Aid in the Understanding of a Dioxin Assay’s Performance for Soil and Sediment Samples (2011)

There have been numerous attempts to correlate results obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to alternative techniques such as immunoassays and bioassays for the analysis of dioxins in environmental samples. In spite of these efforts, uncertainties about the performance of these methods remain. Following a series of performance studies of various dioxin assays, an in-depth evaluation of sample extracts from the Procept Rapid Dioxin Assay was conducted to provide users with a clearer understanding of the differences in the assay's results compared to traditional mass spectrometry. Two powerful analytical techniques [high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS)] were used to provide a unique perspective about the assay's underlying analytical performance. HRMS analyses demonstrated that the target dioxin and furans were consistently captured in the assay's extracts. TOFMS analyses revealed that interferents in the sample extracts resulting from inconsistencies in the sample preparation process appear to be the primary factor contributing to the assay's imprecision. The conclusion of this research was the assay results cannot be expected to correlate directly with HRMS and should only be utilized as a screening technique (e.g., to identify the relative ranking of contamination, to determine if samples are above/below threshold levels, or to monitor a cleanup) for environmental matrices such as soil and sediment.
Two-Step Synthesis of VO2 (M) with Tuned Crystallinity (2018)

Highly crystallized monoclinic vanadium dioxide, VO<sub>2</sub> (M), is successfully synthesized by a two-step thermal treatment: thermolysis of vanadyl ethylene glycolate (VEG) and postannealing of the poorly crystallized VO<sub>2</sub> powder. In the first thermolysis step, the decomposition of VEG at 300 °C is investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A poorly crystallized VO<sub>2</sub> powder is obtained at a strict time of 3 min, and it is found that the residual carbon content in the powder played a critical role in the post crystallization of VO<sub>2</sub> (M). After postannealing at 500 and 700 °C in an oxygen-free atmosphere, VO<sub>2</sub> particles of various morphologies, of which the crystallite size increases with increasing temperature, are observed by SEM and transmission electron microscopy. The weight percent of crystalline VO<sub>2</sub>, calculated using the Fullprof program, increases from 44% to 79% and 100% after postannealing. The improved crystallinity leads to an improvement in metal-insulator transition behaviors demonstrated by sharper and more intense differential scanning calorimetry peaks. Moreover, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> with novel and particular microstructures are also successfully prepared with a similar two-step method using postannealing treatment under reductive or oxidizing atmospheres, respectively.
TRB sequences targeting ORF1a/b are associated with disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (2021)

The potential protective or pathogenic role of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been vigorously debated. While COVID-19 patients consistently generate a T lymphocyte response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, evidence of significant immune dysregulation in these patients continues to accumulate. In this study, next generation sequencing of the T cell receptor beta chain (TRB) repertoire was conducted in hospitalized COVID-19 patients to determine if immunogenetic differences of the TRB repertoire contribute to disease course severity. Clustering of highly similar TRB CDR3 amino acid sequences across COVID-19 patients yielded 781 shared TRB sequences. The TRB sequences were then filtered for known associations with common diseases such as EBV and CMV. The remaining sequences were cross-referenced to a publicly accessible dataset that mapped COVID-19 specific TCRs to the SARS-CoV-2 genome. We identified 158 SARS-CoV-2 specific TRB sequences belonging to 134 clusters in our COVID-19 patients. Next, we investigated 113 SARS-CoV-2 specific clusters binding only one peptide target in relation to disease course. Distinct skewing of SARS-CoV-2 specific TRB sequences toward the nonstructural proteins (NSPs) encoded within ORF1a/b of the SARS-CoV-2 genome was observed in clusters associated with critical disease course when compared to COVID-19 clusters associated with a severe disease course. These data imply that T-lymphocyte reactivity towards peptides from NSPs of SARS-CoV-2 may not constitute an effective adaptive immune response and thus may negatively affect disease severity.
IκBα polymorphism at promoter region (rs2233408) influences the susceptibility of gastric cancer in Chinese (2010)

I kappaB alpha rs2233408 T heterozygotes were associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer, especially for the development of certain subtypes of gastric cancer in Chinese population.
Microlens Array Fabrication by Chemical Mechanical Polishing (2009)

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was used to shape hexagonally arranged diam cone-shaped structures, prepared by wet etching of Corning 2496 glass, into microlenses. Edge rounding, which occurs during CMP due to a higher removal rate at the edges, was utilized for shaping of the microlenses. Microlenses with an ratio of and radius of curvature of were obtained. CMP variables that affect the contact pressure and material removal rate are downpressure, linear velocity, slurry, and properties of the pad. These variables being external to substrate provide great flexibility and, hence, suitability of the process for a wide range of materials.