gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Charge Preheating Methods on the Combustion Phasing Limitations of an HCCI Engine With Negative Valve Overlap (2012)

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) has the potential to reduce both fuel consumption and NOx emissions compared to normal spark-ignited (SI) combustion. For a relatively low compression ratio engine, high unburned temperatures are needed to initiate HCCI combustion, which is achieved with large amounts of internal residual or by heating the intake charge. The amount of residual in the combustion chamber is controlled by a recompression valve strategy, which relies on negative valve overlap (NVO) to trap residual gases in the cylinder. A single-cylinder research engine with fully-flexible valve actuation is used to explore the limits of HCCI combustion phasing at a load of ∼3 bar gross indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPg). This is done by performing two individual sweeps of (a) internal residual fraction (via NVO) and (b) intake air temperature to control combustion phasing. It is found that increasing both of these variables advances the phasing of HCCI combustion, which leads to increased NOx emissions and a higher ringing intensity. On the other hand, a reduction in these variables leads to greater emissions of CO and HC, as well as a decrease in combustion stability. A direct comparison of the two sweeps suggests that the points with elevated intake temperatures are more prone to ringing as combustion is advanced and less prone to instability and misfire as combustion is retarded. This behavior can be explained by compositional differences (air versus residual gas dilution) which lead to variations in burn rate and peak temperature. As a final study, two additional NVO sweeps are performed while holding intake temperature constant at 30 °C and 90 °C. Again, it is seen that for higher intake temperatures, combustion is more susceptible to ringing at advanced timings and more resistant to instability/misfire at retarded timings.
Science Translational Medicine Podcast: 23 February 2011 (2011)

A conversation with Ralph Weissleder about his smart phone–operated micro-NMR device that provides accurate cancer diagnoses in 60 minutes.
Development of Electron Beam Ion Source for Nanoprocesses (2005)

A novel electron beam ion source was developed for nanoprocesses using highly charged ions. The ion source was designed to optimize the efficiency of ion production and extraction based on the trajectory calculations of electrons and ions traveling through the ion source. A commercial super-conducting magnet (Helmholz coils, 3 T) cooled by a closed-cycle refrigerator is used to reduce the operating costs. The separate vacuum chambers design enables 250°C baking of electrodes in the ion source to realize ultrahigh vacuum condition by removing the magnet chamber without venting.
Picosecond optical generation and detection of phonon waves in a-As2Te3 (1984)

Using the pump and probe technique we have observed oscillations of photoinduced transmission in thin films of a‐As2Te3. The oscillations have periods of 70‐240 ps, depending on sample thickness. We ascribe these to phonon propagation in the films. Thermal expansion and carrier deformation potentials are discussed as the origin of these waves. Their velocity in a‐As2Te3 is measured to be v=1.6×105 cm/s. The effect on transmission of heating by the laser pulse is estimated and compared to experiment.
Nonlinear Control of an Industrial Charger (2018)

The charging of electric cars is an open field of innovation for power converters control. Different hardware (e.g active filters) and software solutions (e.g. non-linear control law) are used to mitigate on the one hand the constrains of the connection to the electric distribution network and on the other hand the power demands of the battery. In this paper a non-linear back-stepping based control is proposed for an industrial charger. A comparative study of the performances for the proposed control architecture is presented in respect with the existing control strategy currently integrated in the electric cars. The comparison is realised for imperfect charging conditions: presence of inductive line impedance and harmonic disturbed network voltage.
On the Number of Quantifiers as a Complexity Measure (2022)

In 1981, Neil Immerman described a two-player game, which he called the "separability game" \cite{Immerman81}, that captures the number of quantifiers needed to describe a property in first-order logic. Immerman's paper laid the groundwork for studying the number of quantifiers needed to express properties in first-order logic, but the game seemed to be too complicated to study, and the arguments of the paper almost exclusively used quantifier rank as a lower bound on the total number of quantifiers. However, last year Fagin, Lenchner, Regan and Vyas rediscovered the games, provided some tools for analyzing them, and showed how to utilize them to characterize the number of quantifiers needed to express linear orders of different sizes. In this paper, we push forward in the study of number of quantifiers as a bona fide complexity measure by establishing several new results. First we carefully distinguish minimum number of quantifiers from the more usual descriptive complexity measures, minimum quantifier rank and minimum number of variables. Then, for each positive integer $k$, we give an explicit example of a property of finite structures (in particular, of finite graphs) that can be expressed with a sentence of quantifier rank $k$, but where the same property needs $2^{Ω(k^2)}$ quantifiers to be expressed.
EGF-receptor related protein causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. (2004)

Our findings reveal a pro-apoptotic property of ERRP both in vitro and in vivo. We propose that ERRP functions by inhibiting the activation of the EGF-receptor signaling and its downstream effectors such as ERK and Akt kinases, underscoring the potential of ERRP for the treatment of colorectal cancer where the EGF pathway is known to be activated.
Análisis exploratorio y de correlación sobre el impacto de las pruebas de accesibilidad en proyectos de desarrollo de software para PC (2023)

El trabajo consiste en una introducción teórica que conceptualiza la ingeniería de software, el desarrollo de software, las pruebas, los defectos escapados, la experiencia del usuario, la usabilidad y la accesibilidad. Para realizar una investigación en el área de pruebas centradas en la accesibilidad, se propuso un análisis de proyectos reales. Se realizaron entrevistas con gerentes de proyectos de software que ya están en el mercado, extracción de datos de los mismos proyectos, análisis exploratorio de los datos, pruebas de correlación y estructuración de los resultados encontrados. Al final de la investigación, se observó la relevancia de algunos datos y la importancia de la relación entre ellos. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye la relevancia de la construcción de casos de prueba para la accesibilidad, así como los factores que contribuyen a que los equipos presten la debida atención a las pruebas de accesibilidad, como la composición del equipo y las colaboraciones externas.
Fluoride Removal from Water by Membrane Capacitive Deionization with a Monovalent Anion Selective Membrane (2018)

Contamination of groundwater by monovalent anions, for instance, fluoride (F–) and nitrite (NO2–), leaves an adverse impact on human health. This study aims at investigating the feasibility of the application of membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) combined with a monovalent anion permselective exchange membrane (PSM) for the removal of fluoride from water. In this study, various parameters (anion composition and concentration, pH, operating voltage, flow rate, and time) were studied for the purpose of attaining the maximum selectivity. Evaluation of the selectivity for monovalent anions was performed with the help of a lab-made MCDI with a model aqueous system (F–/SO42–). As revealed by the empirical findings, the removal of both F– and SO42– anions increased with the increase in anion concentration and pH, in addition to the increase in the selectivity for monovalent anions (F–). The removal of anions and selectivity also exhibited an increase with flow rate and operating time. Contrarily, the selectivity declined with the applied voltage. A monovalent anion selectivity of 1.43 was obtained subjected to the conditions of 1.0 V operating voltage, together with 10 min adsorption time and 30 mL/min feed flow rate. The results in this study are capable of helping develop the PSMCDI (permselective exchange membrane capacitive deionization) technology and expand its application for the removal of fluoride from drinking water.
Nickel-catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Bulky Enones with Simple Alkynes. The Effect of Bulkiness of Substituent Attached at β-Carbon (2013)

Abstract In the presence of a catalytic amount of [Ni(cod)2] and PCy3, the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of enones bearing a bulky substituent group at the β-position with simple alkynes occurs to give cyclobutenes. The bulky group at the β-position can suppress the insertion of either an enone to give a cyclohexene or an alkyne to give a cyclohexadiene.
Holographic Optical Elements And Grazing Incidence Mirrors In XUV Region (1988)

A new approach to X-ray optics has been proposed, based on single-step holographic fabrication of highly-efficient X-ray diffraction elements. These elements include holographic gratings and mirrors, slanted (non-Snellian) mirrors, uniform and chirped gratings, holographic optical elements (HOE's), lenses, and beam splitters which effectively demonstrated the proof of concept of POC's holographic technologies. In our approach, the holographic recording of the interference patterns produced by two (or more) coherent electromagnetic waves are used to create the desired transmission and reflection Bragg holographic structures which can perform various non-conventional operations in the XUV region (soft X-ray and EUV, from 1 to 100nm).
Review—Hard Carbon Negative Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries (2015)

A first review of hard carbon materials as negative electrodes for sodium ion batteries is presented, covering not only the electrochemical performance but also the synthetic methods and microstructures. The relation between the reversible and irreversible capacities achieved and microstructural features is described and illustrated with specific experiments while discussing also the effect of the electrolyte. A summary of the current knowledge is given while emphasizing the possibility of further performance improvements by thoroughly mastering structure-property relationships and also discussing the main current bottleneck to maximize energy density in real applications: the first cycle irreversible capacity. Finally, a short conclusion and perspectives session is provided highlighting necessary developments in the field to turn the present optimistic research prospects into tangible practical products.
e-Knee: evolution of the electronic knee prosthesis. Telemetry technology development. (2001)

Morris, Beverly A. MBA, RN; D'Lima, Darryl D. MD; Slamin, John; Kovacevic, Neb; Arms, Steven W.; Townsend, Christopher P.; Colwell, Clifford W. Jr. MD Author Information
Multiple Ligand Interactions for Bacterial Immunoglobulin‐Binding Proteins on Human and Murine Cells of the Hematopoetic Lineage (1995)

A group of bacterial Ig-binding surface proteins were studied: protein H and M1 are from Streptococcus pyogenes and interact with IgG, protein L is expressed by Peptostreptococcus magnus and shows affinity for Ig light chains, whereas protein LG is a chimeric construction combining the binding properties of protein L with the IgG-binding activity of protein G from group C and G streptococci. Proteins L and H coupled to Sepharose were mitogenic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and mouse splenic B cells, but not when added in soluble form. Differentiation to Ig secretion was induced by protein H-Sepharose in mouse splenic B cells but not in human PBLs. In FACS analysis FITC-labelled protein H stained virtually all CD19+ cells in human peripheral blood as well as a majority of the CD3+ population. Protein L bound the majority of the CD19+ population, but also a fraction of the CD19-/CD3 population. Protein M1 was not mitogenic but stained the entire CD19+ population and 70% of the CD3+ population. Identical staining patterns were observed with mouse splenocytes using B220 and T-cells receptor as lineage markers. The chimeric protein LG was a potent mitogen for mouse splenic B cells when added either coupled to Sepharose or in soluble form. In addition, protein LG induced differentiation to Ig secretion of the responding mouse splenic B cells. In FACS analysis, protein LG stained the entire CD19+ and the majority of the CD19-/CD3 lymphocyte population as well as all B220+ mouse splenocytes and a fraction of the splenic T cells. These data indicate that the bacterial proteins studied interact with surface structures of several leucocyte populations and can hence interfere with the immune system at multiple levels.
High Temperature Creep of Directionally Solidified Ni Base Superalloys Containing Local Recrystallization (2008)

High temperature creep of directionally solidified Ni-base superalloys containing local recrystallization (RX) was studied. An almost linear reduction of the creep rupture life was observed with increase of the fraction of local RX on the cross section of the specimen. Creep curves of specimens containing local RX showed that the second and tertiary creep stages were much shorter than those of the original specimens. Moreover, their creep rates slightly increased before reaching the steady state. The change of creep rate is related to the formation and propagation of cracks at the RX grain boundaries according to the observation of the interrupted creep microstructure. The creep mechanisms were discussed based on the dislocation morphology in the vicinity of the RX grain boundaries.
(Energy Technology Division Graduate Student Award Address sponsored by Bio-Logic) Understanding Charge Transport for Current and Future Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies (2020)

Advances in electrochemical energy storage are key for the integration of intermittent wind and solar energy sources into the grid, widespread adoption of electric vehicles, and development of new safe and reliable consumer devices. For grid, transportation, and electronic energy storage markets, each application has distinct needs. Therefore, developing battery technology for emerging and wide-spread applications demands greater understanding of the complex chemical and electrochemical processes that occur within rechargeable batteries. Electron transfer and ion transport are the foundation of battery function where the capacity, loaded voltage and current define the practical energy and power delivery of the system. During operation, repetitive addition and removal of electrons and ions can lead to structural change within the electrode and interfacial formation that can dramatically impact electrochemical outcomes. Thus, structural, chemical, and electrochemical characterization during operation is critically important for next generation electrochemical energy storage technologies. The research efforts highlighted in this talk use multiple advanced characterization techniques, including operando based methods, to probe charge transport properties, structural changes, and interfacial evolution in multiple rechargeable battery systems. Specifically, X-ray absorption spectroscopy enabled structure and oxidation state elucidation in the absence of long-range order. Isothermal microcalorimetry was used to determine heat evolution due to parasitic or decomposition reactions operando . X-ray diffraction was employed to track temperature-induced and lithiation-induced phase changes of distinct electroactive materials. Using advanced characterization, these research efforts provide insight into electron transfer and ion transport properties and their impact on application relevant outcomes (resistance, cycle life, delivered capacity) of electrochemical energy storage technologies.
Hemoglobin Vesicles as a Cellular‐Type Hemoglobin‐Based Oxygen Carrier (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Concept of Hb Encapsulation in Liposomes Hb Encapsulation Retards Gas Reactions HBOCs as a Carrier of not only O2 but also CO Conclusion Acknowledgments References
Deep Learning Based Online Power Control for Large Energy Harvesting Networks (2019)

In this paper, we propose a deep learning based approach to design online power control policies for large EH networks, which are often intractable stochastic control problems. In the proposed approach, for a given EH network, the optimal on-line power control rule is learned by training a deep neural network (DNN), using the solution of offline policy design problem. Under the proposed scheme, in a given time slot, the transmit power is obtained by feeding the current system state to the trained DNN. Our results illustrate that the DNN based online power control scheme outperforms a Markov decision process based policy. In general, the proposed deep learning based approach can be used to find solutions to large intractable stochastic control problems.
Opportunistic Sampling for Joint Population Size and Density Estimation: Supplementary Notes (2015)

AbstractIn this document we provide supplementary material for [1]. C ONTENTS I Population Size Estimation Model 2I-A Poisson-Gamma Assumption of the Detection Patterns . . .. . . . . . . . 2I-B Likelihood Function for the Population Size EstimationModel . . . . . . 3I-C Population Size Estimation by Using a Subset of the Information . . . . . 4II Joint-Estimation Model for Population Size and Density 4II-A Likelihood Function for the Joint-estimation Model . .. . . . . . . . . . . 4III Additional Measurements 6III-A Additional Measurements for the Pale´o Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6III-B Additional Measurements for the EPFL Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7III-B1 Users’ Arrival and Departure Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7III-B2 Population Size Estimation using Subset of the Information . . 7IV Proof of the Theorems 9IV-A Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9IV-B Proofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9References 11
Evidence for Associated Production of a Single Top Quark andWBoson inppCollisions ats=7  TeV (2013)

Evidence is presented for the associated production of a single top quark and W boson in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed using events with two leptons and a jet originated from a b quark. A multivariate analysis based on kinematic properties is utilized to separate the tt background from the signal. The observed signal has a significance of 4.0σ and corresponds to a cross section of 16(-4)(+5) pb, in agreement with the standard model expectation of 15.6±0.4(-1.2)(+1.0) pb.
A Physics-Based Compact Model for Polysilicon Resistors (2010)

A physics-based compact model describing the electrothermal behavior of polysilicon resistors considering both the roles of the grain-boundary potential barriers and the transport inside the silicon decananocrystallites is presented. The model accurately captures the resistivity modulation as a function of temperature, dopant concentration, and grain size, including also the self-heating-induced nonlinear effects in the current-voltage relationship. An accurate agreement of the model against the experimental characterization is reported.
Photon-transport Simulations of a Curved Gamma-Ray Detector for use in a dedicated Brain SPECT System (2019)

1393 Objectives: Our aim is to develop a detector with high intrinsic spatial resolution for use in a clinical brain SPECT system. Traditional brain SPECT is performed with a 2-or 3-headed rotating gantry system, whereas our system proposes a stationary hemisphere of modular detectors, each with their own pinhole collimator. To obtain increased resolution and sensitivity we propose a detector with a cylindrically-curved scintillation crystal read out with a matching fiber-optics transfer plate.
 Methods: The prototype was simulated as a cylindrically-curved (R=305mm) 157mm x 157mm detector with a NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal that was 6-8 mm thick with a curvature-matched light guide placed behind it with a thickness from 1-3mm. After the light guide, a curved 1-inch-thick fiber-optic plate with a planar exit face was used to transfer light to a planar light guide. This light guide transfers the scintillation light to an array of SiPMs. To determine the best spatial resolution attainable from this design we used a scintillation-photon transport code written in C++ to generate the mean detector response function (MDRF), and then used the MDRF to calculate the Fisher Information Matrix and resolution as a function of light guide and scintillation crystal thicknesses. The code generates optical photons at a gamma-ray interaction location, each with a randomized direction vector, and then propagates the photon through the materials of the detector including reflective and refractive interactions at interfaces. The 3D MDRF was created by initiating the photons on a grid of 1mm x 1mm interaction locations at a uniform depth within the crystal, and then repeating the simulations at a grid of depths. The SiPMs were simulated as a 6x6 array of 1-inch x 1-inch active surfaces that model commercially available units. This data was then used to determine the Fisher Information and intrinsic resolution via the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound using an analysis code written in MATLAB.
 Results: We found that the curvature of the detector improved resolution along the direction of curvature. Among the initial set of candidate designs, the best average spatial resolution was found using a 3mm light guide between the crystal and the fiber optic plate. Despite a slight decrease in resolution, we found that an 8mm thick crystal was best for our application due to the increased stopping power.
Conclusion: Using a curved detector with fiber optics in a SPECT system is an effective way to increase resolution over a planar detector. In addition, this simulation methodology could be used for more camera geometries to provide a more economic way of determining the best design for cameras in the future.
Acknowledgement: This work was partially supported by NIH/NIBIB grant R01-EB022521.
Geometrical perturbation of graphene electronic structure (2000)

We discuss low-energy electronic properties of distorted graphene sheets from a local geometric viewpoint, treating curvature and strain as perturbations of a smooth surface. This allows a unified description of the variety of deformations to which carbon nanotubes are susceptible. By using a general symmetry analysis in conjunction with a four-orbital, nonorthogonal tight-binding model, we calculate accurate values of the relevant couplings.