gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Technique and Initial Clinical Experience With DaVinci Robotic System (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy1 May 2005Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Technique and Initial Clinical Experience With DaVinci Robotic System Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000159835.34428.72AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Technique and Initial Clinical Experience With DaVinci Robotic System." The Journal of Urology, 173(5), pp. 1531–1532 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 5May 2005Page: 1531-1532 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
DSP design protection in CE through algorithmic transformation based structural obfuscation (2017)

Structural obfuscation offers a means to effectively secure through obfuscation the contents of an intellectual property (IP) cores used in an electronic system-on-chip (SoC). In this work a novel structural obfuscation methodology for protecting a digital signal processor (DSP) IP core at the architectural synthesis design stage. The proposed approach specifically targets protection of IP cores that involve complex loops. Five different algorithmic level transformation techniques are employed: loop unrolling, loop invariant code motion, tree height reduction/increment, logic transformation and redundant operation removal. Each of these can yield camouflaged functionally equivalent designs. In addition, low cost obfuscated design is generated through proposed approach through the use of multi-stage algorithmic transformation and particle swarm optimization (PSO)-drive design space exploration (DSE). Results of proposed approach yielded an enhancement obfuscation of 22 % and reduction in obfuscated design cost of 55 % compared to similar prior art.
The High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of CoNiCrAlY Bond Coating with Alumina Layer Deposited by EB-PVD Method (2005)

The thermally grown oxide (TGO) growth between bond coating and ceramic top coating during high temperature operation causes the spallation of thermal barrier coating (TBC). To improve the oxidation resistance of bond coating, a thin alumina layer was forwed by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB PVD) method. The microstructure and the high temperature oxidation behavior were investigated. The EB PVD alumina layer on CoNiCrAlY bond coating showed an amorphous structure, and the alumina layer was transformed to an alpha alumina after heat treatment at 1323 K for 7.2 ks. During the high temperature oxidation test in air at 1373 K, the TGO growth on the CoNiCrAlY bond coating was suppressed by the application of alpha alumina layer. The existence of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coating did not affect on the oxidation rate of the bond coating. The oxidation rate suppression by alumina layer deposition was also performed on the TBC specimen.
Some effects of gasoline and diesel mixtures on partially premixed combustion and comparison with the practical fuels gasoline and diesel in a compression ignition engine (2012)

If fuels that are more resistant to autoignition are injected near top dead centre in compression ignition engines, they ignite much later than diesel fuel does, and combustion occurs when the fuel and air have had more chance to mix. This helps to reduce nitrogen oxide and smoke emissions. Moreover, this can be achieved at much lower injection pressures than for a diesel fuel. However, it is preferable to have fuels with a lower research octane number than those of commonly available gasolines, because this makes low-load operation easier while retaining the advantages at higher loads. A practical approach to making such fuels is to blend the gasoline and diesel fuel available in the market. Such fuel blends have a wide volatility range since they contain high-boiling-point components from the diesel but have a lower research octane number than that of the gasoline used but have a much longer ignition delay than that of the diesel fuel. This work describes the results of running a single-cylinder diesel engine on three such fuel blends. The engine could be run on such blends with extremely low smoke and low nitrogen oxide emissions at speeds of up to 4000 r/min and loads (indicated mean effective pressures) of up to 10 bar with an injection pressure of only 400 bar. The smoke levels at comparable nitrogen oxide levels were extremely high with diesel fuel in these conditions, even with an injection pressure of 1100 bar. The engine could also be run at near-idle conditions on these blends but with higher hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions but much lower nitrogen oxide emissions and maximum pressure rise rate compared with those of the diesel fuel. The wider volatility range might be of benefit in avoiding over-mixing and over-leaning, which could lead to poor combustion stability. The paper also considers the trade-offs between the nitrogen oxide, smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions and the maximum pressure rise rate and discusses approaches to optimise this type of combustion.
Modulation of Vaccine‐Induced Immune Responses to Hepatitis C Virus in Rhesus Macaques by Altering Priming before Adenovirus Boosting (2005)

All strategies induced Th1 cellular responses to HCV NS3, with fine modulations depending on the different priming approaches. When they are developed for more HCV antigens, these strategies could be beneficial in therapeutic vaccine approaches.
Measurement of magnetostatic mode excitation and relaxation in Permalloy films using scanning Kerr imaging (2003)

Summary form only given. This work presents detailed spatially resolved measurements of magnetostatic modes using a recently reported technique based on scanning Kerr microscopy. This technique achieves sub-micron spatial resolution, a temporal resolution of less than 5 ps and a signal to noise ratio of approximately 2/spl times/10/sup -4/ deg/Hz/sup 0.5/. This permits a complete description of mode propagation containing both the amplitude and the relative phase of the magnetization response at all points in the magnetic sample. Phase information is crucial to understanding the damping behavior of each mode in the system.
Compositional stability of FePt nanoparticles on SiO2∕Si during annealing (2006)

The loss of Fe due to oxidation or diffusion into the substrate can prevent the successful preparation of well-ordered, stoichiometric, FePt nanoparticles. In this work we report the composition changes during annealing observed for small (&amp;lt;10nm) FePt nanoparticles on thermally grown SiO2 layers on Si wafer substrates. Additionally, we describe the use of a controlled reducing gas mixture, Ar+H2+H2O, to reduce the loss of Fe.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry: From Childhood to Adolescence (2015)

Abstract Review: 19 refs.
Computational identification of significant actors in paintings through symbols and attributes (2021)

The automatic analysis of fine art paintings presents a number of novel technical challenges to artificial intelligence, computer vision, machine learning, and knowledge representation quite distinct from those arising in the analysis of traditional photographs. The most important difference is that many realist paintings depict stories or episodes in order to convey a lesson, moral, or meaning. One early step in automatic interpretation and extraction of meaning in artworks is the identifications of figures (actors). In Christian art, specifically, one must identify the actors in order to identify the Biblical episode or story depicted, an important step in understanding the artwork. We designed an automatic system based on deep convolutional neural networks and simple knowledge database to identify saints throughout six centuries of Christian art based in large part upon saints symbols or attributes. Our work represents initial steps in the broad task of automatic semantic interpretation of messages and meaning in fine art.
Mass spectrometric analysis of the human 40S ribosomal subunit: Native and HCV IRES‐bound complexes (2005)

Hepatitis C virus uses an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the viral RNA to directly recruit human 40S ribosome subunits during cap-independent translation initiation. Although IRES-mediated translation initiation is not subject to many of the regulatory mechanisms that control cap-dependent translation initiation, it is unknown whether other noncanonical protein factors are involved in this process. Thus, a global protein composition analysis of native and IRES-bound 40S ribosomal complexes has been conducted to facilitate an understanding of the IRES ribosome recruitment mechanism. A combined top-down and bottom-up mass spectrometry approach was used to identify both the proteins and their posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in the native 40S subunit and the IRES recruited translation initiation complex. Thirty-one out of a possible 32 ribosomal proteins were identified by combining top-down and bottom-up mass spectrometry techniques. Proteins were found to contain PTMs, including loss of methionine, acetylation, methylation, and disulfide bond formation. In addition to the 40S ribosomal proteins, RACK1 was consistently identified in the 40S fraction, indicating that this protein is associated with the 40S subunit. Similar methodology was then applied to the hepatitis C virus IRES-bound 40S complex. Two 40S ribosomal proteins, RS25 and RS29, were found to contain different PTMs than those in the native 40S subunit. In addition, RACK1, eukaryotic initiation factor 3 proteins and nucleolin were identified in the IRES-mediated translation initiation complex.
A Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimator of a Causal Effect on a Bounded Continuous Outcome (2010)

Targeted maximum likelihood estimation of a parameter of a data generating distribution, known to be an element of a semi-parametric model, involves constructing a parametric model through an initial density estimator with parameter ɛ representing an amount of fluctuation of the initial density estimator, where the score of this fluctuation model at ɛ = 0 equals the efficient influence curve/canonical gradient. The latter constraint can be satisfied by many parametric fluctuation models since it represents only a local constraint of its behavior at zero fluctuation. However, it is very important that the fluctuations stay within the semi-parametric model for the observed data distribution, even if the parameter can be defined on fluctuations that fall outside the assumed observed data model. In particular, in the context of sparse data, by which we mean situations where the Fisher information is low, a violation of this property can heavily affect the performance of the estimator. This paper presents a fluctuation approach that guarantees the fluctuated density estimator remains inside the bounds of the data model. We demonstrate this in the context of estimation of a causal effect of a binary treatment on a continuous outcome that is bounded. It results in a targeted maximum likelihood estimator that inherently respects known bounds, and consequently is more robust in sparse data situations than the targeted MLE using a naive fluctuation model. When an estimation procedure incorporates weights, observations having large weights relative to the rest heavily influence the point estimate and inflate the variance. Truncating these weights is a common approach to reducing the variance, but it can also introduce bias into the estimate. We present an alternative targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) approach that dampens the effect of these heavily weighted observations. As a substitution estimator, TMLE respects the global constraints of the observed data model. For example, when outcomes are binary, a fluctuation of an initial density estimate on the logit scale constrains predicted probabilities to be between 0 and 1. This inherent enforcement of bounds has been extended to continuous outcomes. Simulation study results indicate that this approach is on a par with, and many times superior to, fluctuating on the linear scale, and in particular is more robust when there is sparsity in the data.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (R)-Rolipram and Formal Synthesis of (3S,4R)-Paroxetine (2008)

An efficient enantioselective total synthesis of (R)-rolipram and an efficient enantioselective formal synthesis of (3S,4R)-paroxetine has been achieved using the highly enantioselective Michael addition of malonate nucleophiles as key steps in both cases.
Optimized Co-extraction and Quantification of DNA From Enteric Pathogens in Surface Water Samples Near Produce Fields in California (2018)

Pathogen contamination of surface water is a health hazard in agricultural environments primarily due to the potential for contamination of crops. Furthermore, pathogen levels in surface water are often unreported or under reported due to difficulty with culture of the bacteria. The pathogens are often present, but require resuscitation, making quantification difficult. Frequently, this leads to the use of quantitative PCR targeted to genes unique to the pathogens. However, multiple pathogen types are commonly in the same water sample, both gram + and gram -, leading to problems with DNA extraction. With Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC), <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> as target, a method was optimized to co-extract all three and quantify the level of each using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Multiplexed target genes in STEC were virulence genes, shiga toxin 2 (<i>stx</i>2) and hemolysin (<i>ehx</i>). Likewise, multiplexed targets in Listeria and Salmonella were the virulence genes listeriolysin (<i>hly</i>) and invasion protein A (<i>inv</i>A). Water samples were processed using microbiological techniques for each of the pathogens and duplicate water samples were quantified by ddPCR. A significant correlation was found between culture and ddPCR results indicating detection primarily of culturable cells by ddPCR. Average virulence gene levels were 923, 23 k, 69 and 152 copies per sample for <i>stx</i>2, <i>ehx, hly</i> and <i>inv</i>A, respectively. Additionally, <i>stx</i>2, <i>ehx</i> and <i>inv</i> levels were significantly correlated (<i>P</i> < 0.05, <i>R</i> = 0.34) with generic <i>E. coli</i> MPN levels in the duplicate samples. Indirect quantification with ddPCR will improve understanding of prevalence of the pathogens and may reduce risks associated with contaminated surface water.
Cooling the Tip of a Turbine Blade Using Pressure Side Holes—Part I: Adiabatic Effectiveness Measurements (2005)

Abstract Durability of turbine blade tips has been and continues to be challenging, particularly since increasing turbine inlet temperatures is the driver for improving turbine engine performance. As a result, cooling methods along the blade tip are crucial. Film-cooling is one typically used cooling method whereby coolant is supplied through holes placed along the pressure side of a blade. The subject of this paper is to evaluate the adiabatic effectiveness levels that occur on the blade tip through blowing coolant from holes placed near the tip of a blade along the pressure side. A range of blowing ratios was studied whereby coolant was injected from holes placed along the pressure side tip of a large-scale blade model. Also present were dirt purge holes on the blade tip, which is part of a commonly used blade design to expel any large particles present in the coolant stream. Experiments were conducted in a linear cascade with a scaled-up turbine blade whereby the Reynolds number of the engine was matched. This paper, which is Part 1 of a two part series, compares adiabatic effectiveness levels measured along a blade tip, while Part 2 combines measured heat transfer coefficients with the adiabatic effectiveness levels to assess the overall cooling benefit of pressure side blowing near a blade tip. The results show much better cooling can be achieved for a small tip gap compared with a large tip gap with different flow phenomena occurring for each tip gap setting.
Proposal of Smart Segmentation Framework for preventing threats from spreading in IoT (2020)

With the expansion of IoT infrastructure and related services, security incidents exploiting vulnerabilities in IoT devices are increasing. In particular, IoT devices are relatively vulnerable to security due to their resource-constrained nature and have recently become the target of attacks by hackers. The most representative is the spread of malware such as Mirai, which creates a massive IoT botnet and then causes distributed denial of service attacks, and its variants and new malicious codes are continuously increasing. One of the ways to mitigate distributed denial of service attacks is to render the creation of massive IoT botnets difficult by preventing the spread of malicious code that issues the attacks. This paper proposes a smart segmentation framework that controls the network access through segment units configured with various devices attributes, network information and service types to prevent the spread of threats within the IoT networks.
Proposal of Capacity Analysis in Wireless Sensor Networks with Multi-Hop Transmissions and Hidden Nodes (2015)

Wireless sensor networks play an important role in several industries. Ad-hoc networks with multi-hop transmissions are considered suitable for wireless sensor networks because of their high scalability and low construction cost. However, a lack of centralized control makes it difficult to respond to congestion when system capacity is exceeded. Therefore, the analysis of system capacity is a critical issue for system design. In this paper, we propose a novel zone division model to analyze the capacity of multi-hop wireless sensor networks using carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance protocols. We divide the one-hop area to a gateway (GW) into two zones: an outer zone, where access nodes (ANs) can relay packets from multi-hop ANs, and an inner zone where ANs cannot relay packets. Using this approach, we calculate the packet loss for each zone to estimate the capacity, considering the difference in the communication range of the GW and ANs, as well as the collision with hidden nodes. Comparisons with simulation results and the conventional method show that our model achieves higher estimation accuracy.
Effects of the liquid phase on the high-temperature tensile ductility: From embrittlement to superplasticity (1998)

Abstract Inclusions of liquid phase are generally considered to cause liquid-metal embrittlement. On the other hand, there have been some reports implying the enhancement of tensile elongation by liquid inclusions. In this paper, the possibility of elongation enhancement by liquid and its underlying mechanism were investigated in a model binary system of Al-Bi and a composite of (Al-Mg)- Si3N4. Clear evidence of elongation enhancement was observed in the Al-Bi alloy. Liquid inclusions of Bi were found to assist stress accommodation processes and to delay cavitation failure. In the (Al-Mg)-Si3N4 composite, a close correlation was found between the incipient melting temperature and an optimum temperature for high-strain-rate superplasticity. The liquid phase was observed along grain boundaries and interfaces of the composite, suggesting a similar stress accommodation process to that of the Al-Bi alloy. The interface microstructure was also studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to understand the detailed mechanism of high-strain-rate superplasticity.
CSTBT™ based Split-Gate RC-IGBT with Low Loss and EMI Noise (2020)

CSTBT™ faces a complex tradeoff among E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on/off</inf> -V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEsat</inf> -SOA and EMI noise. We propose a split-gate CSTBT™ to break up the complex tradeoff and introduce this novel structure to the RC-IGBT for the first time. The Miller capacitance was drastically reduced by using the proposed structure while maintaining the Blocking Voltage, which contributes to approximately a 15% reduction in total loss without any sacrifices of EMI noise and/or SOA.
Surface Photovoltage and Contact Potential Difference Imaging of Defects Introduced by Plasma Processing of IC Devices (2005)

Integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing involves a large number of plasma processes ranging from anisotropic etching, isotropic stripping and cleaning, to plasma enhanced material deposition and implantation. It frequently occurs that undesirable reactions between the partially completed IC devices and plasma environment can lead to detrimental and permanent changes of device properties. Two the most frequently encountered device degradation mechanisms are: 1. unbalanced charge transfer between the wafer and plasma sheath leading to so-called “antennae damage”, and 2. “radiation damage” caused by bombardment of the wafer with high energy photons, particles, and ions causing bond breakage,
Chimp Virus Makes a Savvy Vaccine Vector (2012)

A hepatitis C virus vaccine delivered by a chimpanzee-derived adenovirus vector produces strong cellular immune responses in healthy human volunteers.
Energy-Efficient Federated Edge Learning in Multi-Tier NOMA-Enabled HetNet (2023)

We propose a novel multi-tier (top, intermediate, and bottom tiers) architecture at the edge of a heterogeneous network (HetNet) where non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) provides access to user equipment (UE) to participate in federated edge learning (FEL). The HetNet consists of a macro base station (MBS) and several small base stations (SBSs) where each BS is equipped with an edge server (ES). SBSs use the same system bandwidth to increase the system capacity. The top tier consists of the MBS-ES which works as the global model aggregator while ESs of SBSs and UEs connected with MBS reside in the intermediate tier. Similarly, UEs connected with an SBS-ES of the intermediate tier occupy the bottom tier. ESs of SBSs work as the intermediate model aggregators between the ES of the top tier and the UEs of the bottom tier. To minimize the total energy consumption (EC) for local computing (LC) and uplink transmission (UT) of UEs, we formulate a non-linear programming (NLP) optimization problem, present our solution by decomposing the problem into sub-problems, and propose two sequential algorithms to estimate EC for both LC and UT with less complexity. Our extensively simulated results demonstrate the viability of our proposed work.