gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Position-sensorless control of surface-mount permanent-magnet AC (PMAC) motors at low speeds (2002)

A position-sensorless field-oriented control scheme for a surface-mount permanent-magnet AC (PMAC) motor is presented. A digital signal processor is used to implement the sensorless scheme. The PMAC stator is wound like that of a conventional three-phase induction motor. The coils of the motor are all brought out and it is possible to connect the motor in different configurations. Taps are also provided which are used for voltage measurements. By measuring the tap voltages, absolute position of the PMAC motor is estimated. The estimated position information is independent of the stator resistance, thus, this scheme is even applicable at low speeds. Results are presented to show the effectiveness of the new sensorless scheme.
Flexibility of the Transverse Arch of the Forefoot (2014)

Measurement of the %TAL in both the standing and LMAT positions provides a simple and quantitative method of assessing the flexibility of the transverse arch of the forefoot.
Biocatalytically Synthesized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (2008)

Over the past decade, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has been one of the widely investigated conjugated polymers due to its excellent electro-optical properties. The conventional synthesis of PEDOT/PSS involves oxidation of EDOT using strong oxidants in aqueous polystyrenesulfonate (SPS) solution. The low pH conditions and strong oxidants render this synthetic protocol unsuitable for use of PEDOT in applications such as biosensing. For the purpose of expanding the utility of PEDOT in these applications, it is important to develop a route that can provide the possibility of synthesizing PEDOT in the presence of the appropriate biological entities. Here we report the use of terthiophene as a radical mediator to synthesize PEDOT/PSS under milder pH conditions using soybean peroxidase (SBP). The oxidation potential of terthiophene is sufficiently low for initiation of the polymerization reaction catalyzed by SBP. The oxidized terthiophene helps the subsequent oxidation of EDOT, thus mediating the polymerization reaction. This novel approach involving the use of conjugated oligomers as redox mediators is generic and vastly expands the types of substrates (thiophenes, pyrroles) that can be polymerized using enzymatic methods and benign conditions.
Perturbative solution to continuum generation in fiber gratings (2006)

We derive an approximate solution to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation which includes the effects of fiber gratings or other narrow-band spectral features. Our approach allows rapid estimation of grating enhancements from a single waveguide-only simulation.
Which is more effective on weight loss-induced blood pressure reduction, a low caloric diet or an aerobic exercise? (2001)

We have reported that BP fall with weight loss (WL) was associated with suppression of sympathetic overactivity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinema. However, in those studies, WL was achieved by a combination of a low caloric diet (LCD) and an aerobic exercise (EX). The aim of the present study was to clarify which is more effective on WL and BP reduction, LCD or EX. Each of 3 groups of 30 obese hypertensive men were enrolled in WL study with either LCD alone (1200 kcal/day, but without EX) or EX alone (2000 kcal with EX>1 hr/day) or LCD+EX (1200 kcal+EX>1hr/day) for 24 weeks. The 3 study groups were measured BMI, BP, plasma norepinephrine (NE), insulin and leptin every 2 week during 24 weeks with WL program. WL and BP to be successful were defined as >10% reduction in BMI or mean BP at week 24. At week 24, WL was noted in 37%* of LCD alone, 57% of EX alone and 66% of LCD+EX group (*P<.05 vs LCD+EX). BP reduction was noted in 45%* of subjects who succeeded in WL with LCD, 82% of WL with EX and 90% of WL with combined LCD and EX. At entry, BMI, BP, plasma NE, insulin and leptin levels were similar between 3 study groups and between 3 groups who succeeded in WL. At entry and week 24, plasma NE in subjects without WL was higher than that in subjects with WL in all 3 study groups either with LCD, EX or LCD+EX, although insulin and leptin levels at entry were similar between subjects with and without WL. The significant reductions in BMI and BP were noted in earlier period in order of LCD+EX>EX>LCD. At week 24, %decreases in BMI and BP were greater in order of WL subjects with LCD+EX>EX>LCD. The %decrease in plasma NE was greater and the significant decrease in plasma NE was noted in eailer period in order of WL subjects with LCD+EX>EX>LCD(47%, 31%, 16%*; 4wk, 6wk, 20wk*). Plasma insulin and leptin decreased following significant WL in EX alone and LCD+EX groups. In LCD alone group, plasma leptin did not decrease significantly, but NE and insulin decreased at week 24. In combined 3 study groups, %decreases in insulin and leptin correlated with %decrease in BMI, but not with %decrease in mean BP. The % decrease in plasma NE correlated with %decrease in mean BP. These results demonstrate that an aerobic exercise is much more effective for WL and WL-induced BP reduction. An aerobic exercise and a low caloric diet appears to suppresss or normalize sympathetic overactivity, and it could contribute to WL-induced BP reduction. However, there is some different mechanisms in WL and WL-induced BP reduction between an aerobic exercise and a low caloric diet.
Characterization and Speciation of Fuel Oil Dilution in Gasoline Direct Injection (DI) Engines (2015)

Fuel dilution in oil is a known issue for gasoline direct injection (DI) engines especially in colder climates and for customers with short, lightly-loaded driving cycles. In this work, oil samples were generated using a cold oil fuel accumulation test. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to speciate the hydrocarbons accumulated in the oil and characterize their quantity, type, molecular weight distribution, and volatility. Further testing and analysis was done to characterize the fuel hydrocarbons that evaporate from oil during engine warm-up conditions. The results demonstrate how the wide range of gasoline hydrocarbon volatility leads to different behavior in the accumulation and subsequent evaporation phases. Lastly, a model was created to extend this analysis and estimate the evaporation of hydrocarbons from the oil.
Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells — A Portrait (2022)

Genetic landscaping and T cells are all the rage when it comes to tumor biology. Put them together and you get a comprehensive view of the T cell in the context of different types of cancer. The authors of this commentary provide a framework for a study of the RNAome and cancer.
Thermal Performance Analysis of Mempool RISC-V Multicore SoC (2022)

The presence of multiple cores in modern multicore architectures makes thermal management and temperature estimation a really challenging task for enhancing reliability and lifespan. Due to the presence of many cores, the core/tile spacing needs to be optimized in order to enhance the thermal coupling between interconnect routing blocks and active tiles. In addition, the tiles activity patterns under partial workload conditions significantly affect the maximum on-chip temperature which results in nonuniform temperature distribution. This is due to poor thermal coupling between neighboring tiles owing to the decrease in spacing between cores. In this article, we investigate the thermal performance analysis of a 256-core (i.e., 64 tiles) Mempool reduced instruction set computer (RISC) V-based architecture considering the impact of inter tiles spacing. Simulation results reveal that lateral heat spreading predominantly affects the thermal performance in multicore architectures under partial workload conditions. We also optimize the thermal performance with different tiles activity pattern. Simulation results reveal that both the maximum on-chip temperature and lateral heat spreading are improved for specific tiles activity patterns. Also the thermal performance analysis considering the “tile-insite effect” reveals that there is little impact on on-chip maximum temperature ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\text {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), but the on-chip thermal gradient ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and the thermal profile pattern are predominantly affected. Finally, the effect of the secondary heat path toward printed circuit board (PCB) is studied in this work.
QUANTIFYING HEAD-UP DISPLAY (HUD) PEDESTRIAN DETECTION BENEFITS FOR OLDER DRIVERS (1998)

The current research was aimed at quantifying the potential head-up display (HUD) pedestrian detection benefits for older drivers. In a parked vehicle on a closed-course, test participants were required in rapid succession to read a digital speedometer (positioned either head-up or head-down) and a distant speed limit sign. 24 drivers were tested ranging from 59 to 71 years old. Liquid-crystal glasses were used to limit the driver's view of the forward scene to the time period immediately surrounding display glances. In the second half of testing, subjects were told that during a few trials a pedestrian would appear. On these trials, subjects were to immediately press a button. During these pedestrian trials, results indicated a HUD detection time advantage and a trend toward fewer missed pedestrians with the HUD. Indeed, 7 of the 9 fastest mean pedestrian detection times across all 16 conditions tested occurred in HUD conditions. These results clearly suggest HUDs improve the driver's ability to see forward scene events (and hence, potentially traffic safety) surrounding display glances. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102514.
Cloud tracking for solar irradiance prediction (2017)

We propose a video analytic system to segment and track clouds for the purpose of solar irradiance prediction. Ground-based imaging sensors are used to monitor potential sun occlusions for solar irradiance drop prediction, which can be used to assist power ramp control strategies. Sky images are first rectified to remove fisheye artifacts. Cloud pixels are segmented and classified into low-to-high transparencies. Evolution of cloud boundaries are tracked using optical flow. Tracking extrapolation predicts future cloud movements and deformations as well as potential sun occlusions. To accurately estimate solar irradiance drop, we propose a novel scheme based on back-projecting the predicted sun occlusion onto the evolving cloud boundary to count for cloud transparency and irradiance drop estimation. Experimental results show that short-term solar irradiance drop is predictable with reasonable accuracy.
The 2020 Low-Power Computer Vision Challenge (2021)

AI computer vision has advanced significantly in recent years. IoT and edge computing devices such as mobile phones have become the primary computing platform for many end users. Mobile devices such as robots and drones that rely on batteries demand for energy efficient computation. Since 2015, the IEEE Annual International Low-Power Computer Vision Challenge (LPCVC) was held to identify energy-efficient AI and computer vision solutions. The 2020 LPCVC includes three challenge tracks: (1) PyTorch UAV Video Track, (2) FPGA Image Track, and (3) On-device Visual Intelligence Competition (OVIC) Tenforflow Track. This paper summarizes the 2020 winning solutions from the three tracks of LPCVC competitions. Methods and future directions for energy-efficient AI and computer vision research are discussed.
Topology optimized design for silicon-on-insulator mode converter (2015)

The field of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has attracted interest in recent years as they allow high device density while requiring only low operating power. The possibility of exploiting mode division multiplexing (MDM) in future optical communication networks is being investigated as a potential method for supporting the constantly increasing internet traffic demand. Mode converters are important components necessary to support on-chip processing of MDM signals and multiple approaches has been followed in realizing such devices. Topology optimization (TO) is a powerful inverse design tool which has experimentally proven to deliver robust designs with controllable bandwidth and low loss. Here it is shown how TO has been used to obtain a small footprint, low-loss, broad-band design for mode conversion between the transverse electric fundamental even (TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) mode and the first higher order odd mode (TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ) in a photonic wire. The design is to be fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material, and previous work has shown excellent correspondence between simulations and experimental results for 3D TO.
A Methodology for the Design of Frequency and Environment Robust UHF RFID Tags (2011)

International audience
Industrial Combustors (2013)

Modern industrial gas turbine combustors have to meet a wide range of technical requirements governed by the thermodynamic cycle, the demand for a low environmental impact, the compatibility with other machine components, and the safety and reliability aspects. Although the evolution of combustion chamber technology has resulted in substantially different hardware solutions, a high level of similarity exists as to how the subprocesses take place in combustion chambers of different design and how they interact with each other. What the basic designs of combustors for industrial gas turbines relevant to emissions have in common will be discussed in the first part of this chapter to create the basis for a better understanding of the second part, where several specific design solutions are presented. These are grouped into different classes of combustors according to fuel type and the pollutant emission abatement technique employed. The present state of the art is the result of the simultaneous optimization of several subprocesses relevant for the performance of combustors. Expanded discussion of many of the basic combustor technology drivers and how they interact with the electrical grid as a whole, the power plant, and the gas turbine are also included in Chapter 1.
Convergent automated chip level lithography checking and fixing at 45nm (2009)

To provide fabless designers the same advantage as Integrated Device Manufacturer (IDMs), a design-oriented litho model has been calibrated and an automated lithography (litho) hotspot detection and fixing flow has been implemented during final routing optimization. This paper shows how a design-oriented litho model was built and used to automate a litho hotspot fixing design flow. The model, calibrated and validated against post-OPC contour data at 99%, was embedded into a Litho Physical Analyzer (LPA) tech file. It allowed the litho contour of drawn layouts to be simulated at full chip level to detect litho hotspots and to provide fixing guidelines. Automated hotspots fixing was hence made possible by feeding the guidelines to the fixing tools in an industry based integrated flow. Post-fixing incremental checks were also performed to converge to a clean design.
Deciphering the Enigma of the Histone H2A.Z-1/H2A.Z-2 Isoforms: Novel Insights and Remaining Questions (2020)

The replication independent (RI) histone H2A.Z is one of the more extensively studied variant members of the core histone H2A family, which consists of many replication dependent (RD) members. The protein has been shown to be indispensable for survival, and involved in multiple roles from DNA damage to chromosome segregation, replication, and transcription. However, its functional involvement in gene expression is controversial. Moreover, the variant in several groups of metazoan organisms consists of two main isoforms (H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2) that differ in a few (3-6) amino acids. They comprise the main topic of this review, starting from the events that led to their identification, what is currently known about them, followed by further experimental, structural, and functional insight into their roles. Despite their structural differences, a direct correlation to their functional variability remains enigmatic. As all of this is being elucidated, it appears that a strong functional involvement of isoform variability may be connected to development.
A generalized system of tissue-mimicking materials for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (2020)

The advent of technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided radiation therapy has led to the need for phantom materials that are capable of producing tissue-like contrast on both MRI and computed tomography (CT) imaging modalities. The purpose of this work is to develop a system of easily made and formed materials with adjustable T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> relaxation times, and x-ray attenuation properties, for mimicking soft tissue and bone with both MRI and CT imaging modalities. The effects on T<sub>1</sub>/T<sub>2</sub> relaxation times and CT numbers were quantified for a range of gadolinium contrast (0-25 μmol g<sup>-1</sup>), agarose (0%-8% w/w), glass microspheres (0%-10% w/w) and CaCO<sub>3</sub> (0%-50% w/w) concentrations in a carrageenan-based gel. 105 gel samples were prepared with the additives, carrageenan and water. Samples were imaged in a 3D-printed holding structure to find the attainable range of T<sub>1</sub>/T<sub>2</sub> relaxation time and CT number combinations. T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> relaxation time maps were generated using voxel-wise inversion-recovery and spin-echo techniques, respectively. A multivariate linear regression model was generated to allow the materials system to be generalized to semi-arbitrary T<sub>1</sub>/T<sub>2</sub> relaxation times and CT numbers. Nine diverse tissue types were mimicked for fit model validation. The achievable T<sub>1</sub>/T<sub>2</sub> relaxation times and CT numbers for the additive concentrations tested in this study spanned from 82 to 2180 ms, 12 to 475 ms, and -117 to +914 Hounsfield units (HU), respectively. The mean absolute error between the fit model predicted and measured T<sub>1</sub>/T<sub>2</sub> relaxation times and CT numbers for the nine tested tissue types was 113 ± 64 ms, 16 ± 26 ms and 11 ± 14 HU, respectively. In conclusion, we have created a system of materials capable of producing tissue-like contrast for 3.0 T MRI and CT imaging modalities.
Sonochemical synthesis of lead hydroxy bromide needles (2000)

A sonochemical approach to the preparation of elongated needles of Pb(OH)Br using a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is reported. A shape transition of the particles is found to occur due to the presence of an organized medium consisting of a cylindrical, interconnected network of thread-like micelles. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) show the presence of elongated Pb(OH)Br particles. The needles have been characterized by powder XRD, IR, TGA and DSC. The needles have also been found to decompose in the electron beam during TEM measurements, the decomposition product being one of the polymorphic forms of PbO·PbBr2.
Evaluation of the anti-conflict, reinforcing, and sedative effects of YT-III-31, a ligand functionally selective for α3 subunit-containing GABAA receptors (2019)

The finding that YT-III-31 lacked anti-conflict properties is in accordance with transgenic mouse research indicating no role for α3GABA<sub>A</sub> subtypes in benzodiazepine-mediated anxiety reduction. Instead, our results raise the possibility of a role for α3GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors in the abuse potential and sedative effects of benzodiazepine-type drugs.
Dielectric profile variations in high-index-contrast waveguides, coupled mode theory, and perturbation expansions (2003)

Perturbation theory formulation of Maxwell's equations gives a theoretically elegant and computationally efficient way of describing small imperfections and weak interactions in electromagnetic systems. It is generally appreciated that due to the discontinuous field boundary conditions in the systems employing high dielectric contrast profiles standard perturbation formulations fails when applied to the problem of shifted material boundaries. In this paper we developed coupled mode and perturbation theory formulations for treating generic perturbations of a waveguide cross section based on Hamiltonian formulation of Maxwell equations in curvilinear coordinates. We show that our formulation is accurate beyond the first order and rapidly converges to an exact result when used in a coupled mode theory framework even for the high-index-contrast discontinuous dielectric profiles. Among others, our formulation allows for an efficient numerical evaluation of such quantities as deterministic PMD and change in the GV and GVD of a mode due to generic profile distortion in a waveguide of arbitrary cross section. To our knowledge, this is the first time perturbation and coupled mode theories are developed to deal with arbitrary profile variations in high-index-contrast waveguides.
Exploring the limits of CLOVER: a multichannel optics for VR and MR (2021)

Most virtual reality (VR) headsets nowadays use conventional, rotationally symmetric optics to create a wide field of view
(FOV > 90°) virtual scene enabling the required “immersion” or “presence” feeling. These optics require a long total track
length (TTL, distance between the actual panel displaying the contents and user’s pupil) to work well, and headsets become
very bulky. The so-called CLOVER is an optic, compatible with VR and video-see-through mixed reality (MR) able to
work around the TTL problem by using a freeform multi-channel, light folding approach. In its simplest version, it can
reduce the TTL down to a half, compared to conventional solutions, for the same FOV and angular resolution. Along with
a review of the original 4-channel CLOVER, this work shows recent results of upscale versions of the optic that utilize
myopia and color correction, pupil tracking and staggered surfaces to, respectively, avoid the need of prescription lenses,
improve the image quality for all colors, rise the resolution (by a 20%) and reduce the size (20% TTL reduction) of the
precursor.
The Responses of People to Virtual Humans in an Immersive Virtual Environment (2005)

This paper presents an experiment investigating the impact of behavior and responsiveness on social responses to virtual humans in an immersive virtual environment (IVE). A number of responses are investigated, including presence, copresence, and two physiological responses—heart rate and electrodermal activity (EDA). Our findings suggest that increasing agents' responsiveness even on a simple level can have a significant impact on certain aspects of people's social responses to human-oid agents. Despite being aware that the agents were computer-generated, participants with higher levels of social anxiety were significantly more likely to avoid “disturbing” them. This suggests that on some level people can respond to virtual humans as social actors even in the absence of complex interaction. Responses appear to be shaped both by the agents' behaviors and by people's expectations of the technology. Participants experienced a significantly higher sense of personal contact when the agents were visually responsive to them, as opposed to static or simply moving. However, this effect diminished with experienced computer users. Our preliminary analysis of objective heart-rate data reveals an identical pattern of responses.