gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphor (2006)

Sometimes users fail to notice a change that just took place on their display. For example, the user may have accidentally deleted an icon or a remote collaborator may have changed settings in a control panel. Animated transitions can help, but they force users to wait for the animation to complete. This can be cumbersome, especially in situations where users did not need an explanation. We propose a different approach. Phosphor objects show the outcome of their transition instantly; at the same time they explain their change in retrospect. Manipulating a phosphor slider, for example, leaves an afterglow that illustrates how the knob moved. The parallelism of instant outcome and explanation supports both types of users. Users who already understood the transition can continue interacting without delay, while those who are inexperienced or may have been distracted can take time to view the effects at their own pace. We present a framework of transition designs for widgets, icons, and objects in drawing programs. We evaluate phosphor objects in two user studies and report significant performance benefits for phosphor objects.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation/Cyclization of Alkynyl Alcohols Mediated by Lanthanide Catalysts. Scope and Reaction Mechanism. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dissolution characteristics of solutes with different shapes using the moving particle semi-implicit method (2022)

Dissolution characteristics of solutes with different shapes are studied. To simulate the process of dissolution, a diffusion and dissolution model based on the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is proposed. First, the diffusion equation is introduced to the MPS method. Compared with the analytical solution, concentration diffusion can be accurately simulated with the model. Then, a coupling relationship between concentration, density, and viscosity is established. The relationship deals with the changes in physical parameters of the fluids caused by the diffusion, affecting the fluid flow. As the density change cannot be ignored in the mass conservation equation, the equation is re-deduced in this paper. In addition, the dissolution model is introduced to the MPS method. The dissolution model is verified by the dissolution simulation of sessile droplets in water. Finally, the dissolution of solutes with different shapes in water is simulated using the proposed method. Five cases with different solute shapes are set to simulate five different drugs. Five cases with different solute shapes are set to simulate five different drugs. The solid solute shapes used are rectangle, capsule, heart-shaped, and circle, and the liquid solute is a rectangle shape. The dissolution of the solute is comprehensively affected by the contact between the solute and water, the concentration difference, and the intensity of convection. The small concentration difference and the low convective velocity cause the existence of insoluble points in the heart-shaped case, which decreases the dissolution rate. Dimensional analysis is carried out to address the relative importance of diffusion to convection. In the dissolution of solutes with different shapes, the effect of convective cannot be ignored when the non-dimensional number is lower than 2.5 × 10−5.
1378: Use of Whole Testis Transplantation Technology to Study the Role of GDNF-Mediated GFRA1/RET Signaling in Mouse Postnatal Spermatogenesis (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 11, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041378: Use of Whole Testis Transplantation Technology to Study the Role of GDNF-Mediated GFRA1/RET Signaling in Mouse Postnatal Spermatogenesis Cathy K. Naughton, Amy M. Strickland, Akshay K. Gupta, Amanda L. Knoten, and Jeffrey Milbrandt Cathy K. NaughtonCathy K. Naughton More articles by this author , Amy M. StricklandAmy M. Strickland More articles by this author , Akshay K. GuptaAkshay K. Gupta More articles by this author , Amanda L. KnotenAmanda L. Knoten More articles by this author , and Jeffrey MilbrandtJeffrey Milbrandt More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38603-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1378: Use of Whole Testis Transplantation Technology to Study the Role of GDNF-Mediated GFRA1/RET Signaling in Mouse Postnatal Spermatogenesis." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 363 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 363 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Cathy K. Naughton More articles by this author Amy M. Strickland More articles by this author Akshay K. Gupta More articles by this author Amanda L. Knoten More articles by this author Jeffrey Milbrandt More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Innovatives, umweltverträgliches Verfahren zur Entfernung von Kohlenwasserstoffen und organischen Verbindungen aus Wässern mittels funktionalisierter und wiederverwendbarer Eisenoxidpartikel (2023)

Die Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Marcus Halik hat ein Verfahren entwickelt, welches sich eignet, um<br> organische Verunreinigungen mittels Adsorption an oberflächenmodifizierten<br> superparamagnetischen Eisenoxidpartikeln aus Wasser zu entfernen. Beispiele für solche<br> Verunreinigungen sind Erdöl, kleine Moleküle, Düngemittel oder Mikro- und Nanoplastik. Die<br> Effektivität des Konzepts wurde bereits in Laborstudien demonstriert.<br> Ziel dieses Projekts ist es die technische Umsetzbarkeit des entwickelten Konzepts zu<br> demonstrieren. Hierfür wurden zwei Arbeitspakete definiert: 1. die technische Herstellung des<br> Materials und 2. die Reinigung in einer technischen Anlage (Technikumsmaßstab).<br> Als entscheidender Schritt in beiden Teilpaketen wurde die magnetische Separation der<br> Nanopartikel identifiziert. Diese musste also optimiert werden.
Thermal Fluctuations and Experiments on the Free Fall of Electrons (1974)

In order to study the gravitational force on an electron Witteborn and Fairbank have measured the acceleration of electrons moving along the axis of a vertical copper tube. I show that in experiments of this type there are large corrections to the motion of the electrons due to thermal fluctuations in the electromagnetic fields in the tube.
Diversified Strategies for the Synthesis of Bifunctional Dendrimeric Structures (2013)

Abstract The synthesis of three new families of dendrimeric compounds possessing two different types of functions is reported. These functions are triethoxysilyl group(s), potentially suitable for grafting onto materials, in particular silica, and primary amines (in their protected form), potentially suitable for trapping CO 2 . All these dendrimeric compounds are based on phosphorus dendrimers, and possess either one Si(OEt) 3 group at the core of dendrons or of “off‐centre” dendrimers, or several Si(OEt) 3 groups precisely placed on half of the terminal groups. These compounds are characterized by 31 P NMR spectroscopy, which affords precious information on the structure, confirmed, in one case, by the X‐ray diffraction structure of a first‐generation dendrimer.
The Siderophore Metabolome of Azotobacter vinelandii (2015)

In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of the siderophore metabolome, or "chelome," of the agriculturally important and widely studied model organism Azotobacter vinelandii. Using a new high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach, we found over 35 metal-binding secondary metabolites, indicative of a vast chelome in A. vinelandii. These include vibrioferrin, a siderophore previously observed only in marine bacteria. Quantitative analyses of siderophore production during diazotrophic growth with different sources and availabilities of Fe showed that, under all tested conditions, vibrioferrin was present at the highest concentration of all siderophores and suggested new roles for vibrioferrin in the soil environment. Bioinformatic searches confirmed the capacity for vibrioferrin production in Azotobacter spp. and other bacteria spanning multiple phyla, habitats, and lifestyles. Moreover, our studies revealed a large number of previously unreported derivatives of all known A. vinelandii siderophores and rationalized their origins based on genomic analyses, with implications for siderophore diversity and evolution. Together, these insights provide clues as to why A. vinelandii harbors multiple siderophore biosynthesis gene clusters. Coupled with the growing evidence for alternative functions of siderophores, the vast chelome in A. vinelandii may be explained by multiple, disparate evolutionary pressures that act on siderophore production.
Learning probabilistic lexicalized grammars for natural language processing (2001)

A good representation of language is essential to building natural language processing (NLP) applications. In recent years, the growing availability of machine-readable text corpora has popularized the use of corpus-trained probabilistic grammars to represent languages in NLP systems. Although automatically inducing grammars from large corpora is an appealing idea, it faces several challenges. First, the trained grammar must capture the complexity and ambiguities inherent in human languages. Second, to be useful in practical applications, the grammar must be computationally tractable. Third, although there exists an abundance of raw text, the induction of high-quality grammars depends on manually annotated training data, which are scarce; therefore, the learning algorithm must be able to generalize well. Finally, there are inherent trade-offs in attempting to meet all three challenges; a meta-level challenge is to find a good compromise between the competing factors. 
To address these challenges, this thesis presents a partially supervised induction algorithm based on the Expectation-Maximization principle for the Probabilistic Lexicalized Tree Insertion Grammar (PLTIG) formalism. Using the lexical properties of the PLTIG formalism in the learning algorithm, we show that it is possible to automatically induce a grammar for a natural language that adequately resolves ambiguities and manages domain complexity at a tractable computational cost. By augmenting the basic learning algorithm with training techniques such as grammar adaptation and sample-selection, we show that the induction's dependency on annotated training data can be significantly reduced. Our empirical studies indicate that even with a 36% reduction in annotated training data, the learning algorithm can nonetheless induce grammars without degrading their quality.
Preferential CO oxidation promoted by the presence of H2over K–Pt/Al2O3 (2005)

In preferential CO oxidation in H2-rich gas, K-Pt/Al2O3(K/Pt = 10) was very effective in decreasing CO concentration below 10 ppm in the 375-410 K range, and the turnover frequency of the K-Pt/Al2O3 was 20 times as high as that of Pt/Al2O3 at 353 K; furthermore, the activity of CO oxidation was promoted drastically by the presence of H2.
Society Award Lecture - Vittorio de Nora Award Address: On-Wire Lithography: An Electrochemical Approach to Controlling Nanoscale Architecture (2014)

On-wire lithography (OWL) is a template-based, electrochemical process for forming one-dimensional solution dispersible arrays of nanorods with programmably synthesized nano- and micro-scale gaps. OWL provides excellent control over the nanowire diameter (from 30 to 360 nm depending on the membrane pore size), segment length (from 6 nm to a few microns), gap size (from 1 nm to a few microns), composition (e.g., Au, Ni, Ag, Pt, Pd, PEDOT, PTh, P3HT, PPY, PPV) of the different nanowire components. The versatility of this novel technique has allowed for the fabrication of a wide variety of structures with emergent and highly functional properties that are advancing studies of SERS, plasmonics, and plexcitonics and forming the basis for novel molecular electronic, optoelectronic, encoding, and chemical and biological detection devices.
Bismuth Complexes in Phenylazomethine Dendrimers: Controllable Luminescence and Emission in the Solid State (2016)

Abstract Dendritic phosphors were obtained by the stepwise integration of BiCl 3 in phenylazomethine dendrimers. The bismuth‐coordinated phenylazomethines displayed photoluminescence at 500–800 nm, and the intensity could be tuned by changing the stoichiometry of BiCl 3 and the dendrimer. This phosphor did not show serious luminescence quenching even though the local concentration of BiCl 3 in the dendrimer was as high as 20 M , and luminescence was also observed in the solid state. The absorption and emission properties could be reversibly switched by addition of a Lewis base or under electrochemical redox control, which induced the reversible complexation of BiCl 3 in the dendrimer.
Relationship among anesthesia technique, surgical stress, and cognitive dysfunction following spinal surgery: a randomized trial (2019)

The use of combined epidural and general anesthesia followed by postoperative epidural analgesia during the first 48 hours after multilevel thoracolumbar decompression and fusion surgery had a significant positive effect on pain management, cellular immune function, systemic inflammation, and postoperative cognitive function.Clinical trial registration no.: 115080510080 (http://rosrid.ru).
Thermal Management of Surface Mount Power Magnetic Components (1999)

A numerical and experimental study of conduction heat transfer from low power magnetic components with gull wing leads was conducted to determine the effects of distributing the power loss between the core, the winding and the thermal underfill on the thermal resistance. The numerical study was conducted in the power loss ratio range of 0.5⩽PR⩽1.0, where the only active power loss was from the winding at PR=1. In addition, the effect of the thermal underfill material between the substrate and the lower surface of the magnetic package on the thermal performance of the magnetic device was also examined. For comparison, a test was conducted on a magnetic component at PR=1, without thermal underfill. This comparison revealed good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Finally, a general model was proposed for conduction heat transfer from the surface mount power magnetic packages. The agreement between the model and the experimental results was within 8 percent. [S1043-7398(00)00704-0]
Principles for Sensitive and Robust Biomolecular Interaction Analysis: The Limits of Detection and Resolution of Diffraction-Limited Focal Molography (2019)

Thanks to advances in photolithography and nonfouling, photoactivatable surface chemistry, it has become possible to apply the holographic principle to sensitive molecular detection. Such molecular holograms, termed $m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}g\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s$, can be used for analysis of biomolecules in complex biological samples. In $m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}g\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}h\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}y$, biomolecules on a chip become apparent through diffraction, their coherent signal standing out from the speckled background generated by randomly arranged scatterers. The signal is hardly affected by changes in refractive index due to temperature gradients, buffer changes, or nonspecific bindings, which all are largely incoherent with respect to the molographic pattern.
MV Generator Low-Resistance Grounding and Stator Ground Fault Damage (2004)

Most of the in-plant medium-voltage generators are grounded through resistors ranging from 200 to 400 A. In some unusual situations, the resistors may even be as high as 1200 A. Low-resistance grounding is a preferred choice for a medium-voltage power distribution system. However, extensive generator stator ground fault damages had been reported due to the prolonging generator neutral ground current, which would continue to flow even after the main and field breaker opened. This ground fault current could continue to flow for as long as 5 s depending on the generator open-circuit time constant T'/sub do/. As a result, the higher the generator neutral current, would lead to the higher stator ground fault damages. An IEEE Working Group has recently completed its study and made recommendations for medium-voltage generator grounding in a multiple source industrial environment. Based on the considerations of transient overvoltage, ground fault damages, and ground fault protection, the working group suggests a few variations of grounding systems, which basically are low-resistance grounding systems during normal operating conditions, and the generator would be switched to a high-resistance grounded system from a normal low-resistance grounded system when a ground fault occurs in the generator stator. The purposes of this paper are: 1) to examine the generator transient over-voltage and currents under the low-resistance ground fault conditions, and also to evaluate their corresponding stator ground fault damages, and 2) to establish an acceptable maximum system ground fault level. For comparison purposes, three versions of low-resistance grounding systems have been considered and they are: a low-resistance grounding system with a neutral breaker at the generator (hereinafter called a "neutral breaker system"); a low-resistance grounding system with the generator neutral low resistor being switched to a high-resistor after a stator ground fault (hereinafter called a "hybrid system"); and a low-resistance grounding system similar to the current practice (hereinafter called a "traditional system"). The simulation study is conducted with the aid of the Electro Magnetic Transient Program. An experimental analog generator model is also used to verify the simulation results.
The Specificity Patterns of Human Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Serum Differ from Those in Autologous Secretions (1998)

The specificity patterns of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to streptococcal antigens in serum and autologous secretions were compared in order to determine whether IgG found in human secretions is exclusively of serum origin or can also be locally produced irrespective of the systemic immune system. Surface antigens from a type 6 M-protein strain of Streptococcus pyogenes were extracted by cell wall digestion and subjected to sodium lauryl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. After being blotted onto nitrocellulose, the antigens were incubated with purified IgG from various body fluids: saliva, cervicovaginal secretions, seminal fluid, and colostrum. Binding was then revealed with labeled antibodies to human Fcγ fragments. The antibody specificity patterns obtained by computer-assisted analysis were compared with those of paired sera. Major variations were observed between serum and secretions, as well as between different secretions from the same subject. These results are in favor of IgG-associated local immunity within different tissue compartments. This IgG response to mucosal antigens can complement that of secretory IgA in the defense against pathogens and should be taken into account during topical vaccinations.
An Approximate Thermal Contact Conductance Correlation (1993)

An approximate thermal contact conductance correlation which does not depend upon the surface asperity slope was developed. Published surface texture data for 65 specimens were used to establish a relationship between the average roughness and the RMS asperity slope, which was then used to develop a new approximate thermal contact conductance correlation. The investigation was conducted for a range of surface roughness typical of contacting surfaces. Comparison to limited test data and to 2080 simulated contact joints, indicates the new approximate thermal contact conductance correlation has an expected RMS error of approximately 23 percent.
Vectorial analysis of the electrohysterogram for prediction of preterm delivery: A preliminary study (2011)

Electrophysiological measurement of uterine contractions, referred to as electrohysterogram (EHG), is potentially more informative than methods currently used during pregnancy for timely recognition of complications such as preterm labor. Unfortunately, EHG measurement and interpretation remain challenging. Recently, some attention has been dedicated to the analysis of the EHG propagation, which is hypothetically predictive of the delivery time. This hypothesis, though physiologically reasonable, has not been investigated yet. A dedicated maximum likelihood (ML) method has been proposed and validated for identifying the conduction velocity vector of single EHG spikes. This validated ML method is here employed for comparing the conduction velocity vector in two groups of pregnant women with uterine contractions that were prospectively classified as productive or unproductive contractions. The estimated conduction velocity vector showed significant differences in the two groups. The spikes extracted from those contractions eventually classified as unproductive showed a significantly lower conduction velocity amplitude (CV = 4.89 ± 1.19 cm.s(-1) vs CV = 8.63 ± 2.92 cm.s(-1)) and a higher occurrence of upward propagation relative to productive contractions. These results suggest that productive and unproductive uterine contractions are associated to significantly different properties of the conduction velocity vector, which is likely to be proven fundamental in predicting preterm delivery.
Metal Template Control of Self‐Assembly in Supramolecular Chemistry (1996)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Metal Template Control of Supramolecular Structure Metal Template Formation of Functional, Aggregates
Throughput analysis for decentralized slotted regular wireless networks (2004)

In this work, we are interested in characterizing the performance of decentralized multiple-access and retransmission schemes for wireless ad hoc networks. We are considering a regular linear network model of sender/receiver pairs, where nodes transmit their information messages over a common radio channel. We obtain expressions for node throughput as a function of internode separation for different retransmission protocols while communications are done in a single-hop fashion. Then we extend our model to take into account relaying between nodes. We analyze the achievable throughput under traffic patterns where local communication predominates, as a function of transmission distance and relay distance. Our analysis focuses on static ad hoc networks where we show that coding and retransmission provide reliable communication with a completely decentralized multiple-access strategy for both single-hop and multihop communications.
Cigarette Smoking and External Locus of Control Among Young Adolescents (1982)

John H. Clarke, Brian V. MacPherson, David R. Holmes, Cigarette Smoking and External Locus of Control Among Young Adolescents, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Sep., 1982), pp. 253-259
Progression of visual field in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma – ProgF study 1 (2015)

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a progressive disease in the majority of patients despite cautioned treatment and follow-up. The rate of progression varies greatly among subjects.