gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible low-cost packaging for lithium ion batteries. (2004)

Batteries with various types of chemistries are typically sold in rigid hermetically sealed containers that, at the simplest level, must contain the electrolyte while keeping out the exterior atmosphere. However, such rigid containers can have limitations in packaging situations where the form of the battery is important, such as in hand-held electronics like personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptops, and cell phones. Other limitations exist as well. At least one of the electrode leads must be insulated from the metal can, which necessitates the inclusion of an insulated metal feed-through in the containment hardware. Another limitation may be in hardware and assembly cost, such as exists for the lithium-ion batteries that are being developed for use in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The large size (typically 10-100 Ah) of these batteries usually results in electric beam or laser welding of the metal cap to the metal can. The non-aqueous electrolyte used in these batteries are usually based on flammable solvents and therefore require the incorporation of a safety rupture vent to relieve pressure in the event of overcharging or overheating. Both of these features add cost to the battery. Flexible packaging provides an alternative to the rigid container.more » A common example of this is the multi-layered laminates used in the food packaging industry, such as for vacuum-sealed coffee bags. However, flexible packaging for batteries does not come without concerns. One of the main concerns is the slow egress of the electrolyte solvent through the face of the inner laminate layer and at the sealant edge. Also, moisture and air could enter from the outside via the same method. These exchanges may be acceptable for brief periods of time, but for the long lifetimes required for batteries in electric/hybrid electric vehicles, batteries in remote locations, and those in satellites, these exchanges are unacceptable. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), in collaboration with several industrial partners, is working on low-cost flexible packaging as an alternative to the packaging currently being used for lithium-ion batteries. This program is funded by the FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy. (It was originally funded under the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, or PNGV, Program, which had as one of its mandates to develop a power-assist hybrid electric vehicle with triple the fuel economy of a typical sedan.) The goal in this packaging effort is to reduce the cost associated with the packaging of each cell several-fold to less than $1 per cell ({approx}50 cells are required per battery, 1 battery per vehicle), while maintaining the integrity of the cell contents for a 15-year lifetime. Even though the battery chemistry of main interest is the lithium-ion system, the methodology used to develop the most appropriate laminate structure will be very similar for other battery chemistries.« less
Experimental Reynolds Stress Spectra in Hot Supersonic Round Jets (2014)

The motion and evolution of coherent structures in supersonic jet flows is directly related to the intense noise the flow generates. As a preliminary study to experimentally address these relationships, novel non-intrusive measurements using two-component laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) have been conducted at exceptionally high data rates to lend insight into the statistical behavior of noise-generating flow structures. A new heated supersonic jet facility has been constructed to provide supersonic flow at total temperatures ratios up to 3. The new LDV used here allows for highly spatially and temporally resolved measurements of velocity in the hot supersonic jet under study. In the present work, the instrumentation is validated via comparison of LDV measurements along the centerline of a screeching cold jet with microphone and high-speed shadowgraph results. LDV results for the local appearance of screech tones and harmonics in the Reynolds stress spectra are presented for an over-expanded case (nozzle pressure ratio of 3.2) of a design Mach number 1.65 nozzle operated cold ( = 1). A preliminary study was then conducted in the nearnozzle shear layer, up to x/d = 4.0, at design nozzle pressure ratio (4.58) and total temperature ratio of 2.0. Results are presented for Reynolds stress time-delay correlations and power spectra at Red = 1.1M for this case. The stream-wise Reynolds normal stress spectra are compared with published spectral behavior reported by other researchers, indicating a similar spectral shape in the downstream stations as previously measured with LDV and hot wire anemometry for cold jets, but which differ in shape from density-based techniques. The results reveal spectral detail of an interesting transition region between the nozzle turbulent boundary layer and the jet shear layer in which flow time scales are exceptionally small and spectral signatures of large scale instabilities are superimposed on the incoming boundary layer turbulence. The results point toward the importance of very high frequency coherent phenomena in this region, particularly evident in the radial and shear stresses time-delay behavior.
Expression of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase in developing and adult renal vasculature (2017)

Renal vascular development is a coordinated process that requires ordered endothelial cell proliferation, migration, intercellular adhesion, and morphogenesis. In recent decades, studies have defined the pivotal role of endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases (RPTKs) in the development and maintenance of renal vasculature. However, the expression and the role of receptor tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) in renal endothelium are poorly understood, though coupled and counterbalancing roles of RPTKs and RPTPs are well defined in other systems. In this study, we evaluated the promoter activity and immunolocalization of two endothelial RPTPs, VE-PTP and PTPμ, in developing and adult renal vasculature using the heterozygous LacZ knock-in mice and specific antibodies. In adult kidneys, both VE-PTP and PTPμ were expressed in the endothelium of arterial, glomerular, and medullary vessels, while their expression was highly limited in peritubular capillaries and venous endothelium. VE-PTP and PTPμ promoter activity was also observed in medullary tubular segments in adult kidneys. In embryonic (E12.5, E13.5, E15.5, E17.5) and postnatal (P0, P3, P7) kidneys, these RPTPs were expressed in ingrowing renal arteries, developing glomerular microvasculature (as early as the S-shaped stage), and medullary vessels. Their expression became more evident as the vasculatures matured. Peritubular capillary expression of VE-PTP was also noted in embryonic and postnatal kidneys. Compared to VE-PTP, PTPμ immunoreactivity was relatively limited in embryonic and neonatal renal vasculature and evident immunoreactivity was observed from the P3 stage. These findings indicate 1) VE-PTP and PTPμ are expressed in endothelium of arterial, glomerular, and medullary renal vasculature, 2) their expression increases as renal vascular development proceeds, suggesting that these RPTPs play a role in maturation and maintenance of these vasculatures, and 3) peritubular capillary VE-PTP expression is down-regulated in adult kidneys, suggesting a role of VE-PTP in the development of peritubular capillaries.
Spectrally and Modally Selective Large Mode Area Fiber Coupler for High Power Applications (2018)

A large mode area fiber coupler based on multi-core spectrally and modally filtered transfer is presented. Relative coupling to the cross-port above 80% was measured. Only fundamental mode transfer was observed given a multimode launch.
Dendritic Zirconium‐Peroxotungstosilicate Hybrids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Use as Recoverable and Reusable Sulfide Oxidation Catalysts (2010)

Abstract A series of dendrimer‐containing polyoxometalates(DENDRIPOMs) was synthesized by coupling zirconium‐peroxotungstosilicate [Zr 2 (O 2 ) 2 (SiW 11 O 39 ) 2 ] 12– with ammonium dendrons by electrostatic bonding. These DENDRIPOMs were successfully characterized by standard physicochemical techniques (e.g. IR and NMR spectroscopy and MS), and they represent the first examples of dendritic POMs based on zirconium‐substituted polytungstates. The data obtained are consistent with structures in which the anionic POM is surrounded by cationic ammonium dendrons. In contrast to the potassium salt of [Zr 2 (O 2 ) 2 (SiW 11 O 39 ) 2 ] 12– , the dendritic counterparts are soluble in common organic solvents, an important feature for the use of DENDRIPOMs in homogeneous catalysis. Our DENDRIPOMs are stable, efficient, recoverable, and reusable catalysts for the oxidation of sulfides in aqueous/CDCl 3 biphasic media, with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, in contrast to their nondendritic n ‐butyl ammonium counterpart. Two cycles of catalytic reactions were performed without any appreciable loss of activity. We also discovered that the reaction kinetics and selectivity of theDENDRIPOMs are influenced by the structure of the countercation used.
Abstract 538: LC-MS based catabolite identification study of an ADC with DM21-C, a novel maytansinoid linker-payload (2019)

ImmunoGen’s newest antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) design uses the novel maytansinoid linker-payload, DM21-C that bears a peptidase/protease cleavable linker. These ADCs show good bystander killing of proximal antigen negative cells, suggesting the generation of cell-permeable catabolites. The goal of this study was to identify the catabolites generated upon incubation in antigen-positive cancer cells (both cell pellet and media), in mouse plasma, as well as in in vitro catabolic systems. Upon incubation with a cysteine-conjugated DM21-C ADC, the small molecule fraction was extracted with an organic solvent and analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry after chromatographic separation. Through comparison to reference standards, mass spectral signal extraction of possible products, and database search of unknown peaks, the potential in vitro catabolite products of DM21-C conjugate were identified. Information on linker-payload stability in these model systems, including plasma stability, in vitro metabolism of the ADC, and catabolic products that were both retained and effluxed from cancer cells was obtained. As a result, we identified DM51 (the thiol- resulting from self-immolation of the cleaved linker-payload) as a major catabolite of the DM21-C ADC.Citation Format: Janet Lau, Paulin Salomon, Kerstin Sinkevicius, Juliet Costoplus, Megan Fuller, Raymond Xu, Stuart Hicks, Ravi Chari, Wayne Widdison, Nicholas Yoder, Thomas Keating. LC-MS based catabolite identification study of an ADC with DM21-C, a novel maytansinoid linker-payload [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 538.
Al-2.129 Substrate (In Lithography) (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Understanding and improving TCP performance over networks with minimum rate guarantees (1999)

A large number of Internet applications are sensitive to overload conditions in the network. While these applications have been designed to adapt somewhat to the varying conditions in the Internet, they can benefit greatly from an increased level of predictability in network services. We propose minor extensions to the packet queueing and discard mechanisms used in routers, coupled with simple control mechanisms at the source that enable the network to guarantee minimal levels of throughput to different sessions while sharing the residual network capacity in a cooperative manner. The service realized by the proposed mechanisms is an interpretation of the controlled-load service being standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Although controlled-load service can be used in conjunction with any transport protocol, our focus in this paper is on understanding its interaction with Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Specifically, we study the dynamics of TCP traffic in an integrated services network that simultaneously supports both best-effort and controlled-load sessions. In light of this study, we propose and experiment with modifications to TCP's congestion control mechanisms in order to improve its performance in networks where a minimum transmission rate is guaranteed. We then investigate the effect of network transients, such as changes in traffic load and in service levels, on the performance of controlled-load as well as best-effort connections. To capture the evolution of integrated services in the Internet, we also consider situations where only a selective set of routers are capable of providing service differentiation between best-effort and controlled-load traffic. Finally, we show how the service mechanisms proposed here can be embedded within other packet and link scheduling frameworks in a fully evolved integrated services Internet.
MicroRNA-Mediated Deadenylation in a Mammalian Cell-Free System (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-22 nucleotide small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. The miRNA is incorporated into the miRNP effector complex. The miRNP complex binds to the mRNA containing the target sites, which are partially homologous to the miRNA sequence, and represses protein synthesis. One of the critical functions of miRNP is the recruitment of deadenylase complexes to the target mRNAs. Deadenylation causes translational inhibition as well as mRNA destabilization. In this chapter, we describe our method to recapitulate miRNA-mediated deadenylation in a mammalian cell-free system.
Effect of Solvent Selectivity on Chain Exchange Kinetics in Block Copolymer Micelles (2019)

The effect of solvent selectivity on the chain exchange kinetics for two polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) block copolymer micelles (SEP 26–70 and SEP 42–64, where the numbers denote the molecular weight of each block in kg/mol) was investigated in pure squalane and in binary mixed solvents of squalane and 1-phenyldodecane, using time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (TR-SANS). The exchange rate accelerates by 5 orders of magnitude for both micelles when adding only 25 vol % 1-phenyldodecane to squalane, compared to micelles in pure squalane. This acceleration is attributed to two factors: faster relaxation dynamics of the core blocks as more solvent penetrates into the core, serving as a plasticizer, combined with a reduced energy barrier for chain expulsion due to the lower Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χ between the core block and the solvent. By fitting the TR-SANS data to an established theoretical model, the enthalpic penalty of chain expulsion is determined for SEP micelles in mixed solvents. These results are quantified by a χ-dependent function derived from Flory–Huggins theory, where χ values between the polystyrene (PS) core block and binary mixed solvents are estimated by a combination of static light scattering and cloud point measurements with PS homopolymers. This work quantifies the role of χ in chain exchange kinetics of block copolymer micelles.
Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy via Coaxial Zero-Mode Resonators with Sub-10-nm Gaps (2018)

We demonstrate high-contrast infrared absorption spectroscopy on ultrathin protein films enabled by coaxial nanogap resonators, where light can be efficiently coupled with vibrational modes of proteins at the zeroth-order Fabry-Perot resonance condition.
Unique expression and localization of aquaporin‐ 4 and aquaporin‐9 in murine and human neural stem cells and in their glial progeny (2005)

Aquaporins (AQP) are water channel proteins that play important roles in the regulation of water homeostasis in physiological and pathological conditions. AQP4 and AQP9, the main aquaporin subtypes in the brain, are expressed in the adult forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ), where neural stem cells (NSCs) reside, but little is known about their expression and role in the NSC population, either in vivo or in vitro. Also, no reports are available on the presence of these proteins in human NSCs. We performed a detailed molecular and phenotypical characterization of different AQPs, and particularly AQP4 and AQP9, in murine and human NSC cultures at predetermined stages of differentiation. We demonstrated that AQP4 and AQP9 are expressed in adult murine SVZ-derived NSCs (ANSCs) and that their levels of expression and cellular localization are differentially regulated upon ANSC differentiation into neurons and glia. AQP4 (but not AQP9) is expressed in human NSCs and their progeny. The presence of AQP4 and AQP9 in different subsets of ANSC-derived glial cells and in different cellular compartments suggests different roles of the two proteins in these cells, indicating that ANSC-derived astrocytes might maintain in vitro the heterogeneity that characterize the astrocyte-like cell populations in the SVZ in vivo. The development of therapeutic strategies based on modulation of AQP function relies on a better knowledge of the functional role of these channels in brain cells. We provide a reliable and standardized in vitro experimental model to perform functional studies as well as toxicological and pharmacological screenings.
Low-Temperature Deposition of Hafnium Silicate Gate Dielectrics (2004)

The physical and electrical properties of hafnium silicate (HfSi/sub x/O/sub y/) films produced by low-temperature processing conditions (/spl les/150/spl deg/C) suitable for flexible display applications were studied using sputter deposition and ultra-violet generated ozone treatments. Films with no detectable low-/spl kappa/ interfacial layer were produced. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the composition, chemical bonding environment, thickness, and film interface. The electrical behavior of the as-deposited and annealed hafnium silicate films were determined by current-voltage (I--V) and capacitance-voltage (C--V) measurements.
Accéder en 3D aux données de terrain pluridisciplinaires : un outil pour l’étude des grottes ornées (2023)

Les données générées par les différentes disciplines à l’œuvre dans l’étude et la conservation des milieux ornés sont difficilement exploitables dans leur globalité de par leur hétérogénéité, mais aussi de par les difficultés d’appréhension de leur organisation spatiale. Nous avons développé un logiciel permettant de placer des points sur des maillages issus de numérisation 3D et de les consulter avec des outils de filtres et de recherches. Ils contiennent toutes les données des chercheurs relatives à des observations ou des analyses. La spatialisation des données permet une nouvelle approche dans leur analyse. En effet, de façon analogue aux systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) classiques, les positions 3D des enregistrements peuvent révéler des alignements, des regroupements, ou encore des manques selon des critères de filtrage et d’affichage des données.
Double Carbon Coating of LiFePO4 as High Rate Electrode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Human S100A9 Protein Is Stabilized by Inflammatory Stimuli via the Formation of Proteolytically-Resistant Homodimers (2013)

S100A8 and S100A9 are Ca(2+)-binding proteins that are associated with acute and chronic inflammation and cancer. They form predominantly heterodimers even if there are data supporting homodimer formation. We investigated the stability of the heterodimer in myeloid and S100A8/S100A9 over-expressing COS cells. In both cases, S100A8 and S100A9 proteins were not completely degraded even 48 hrs after blocking protein synthesis. In contrast, in single transfected cells, S100A8 protein was completely degraded after 24 h, while S100A9 was completely unstable. However, S100A9 protein expression was rescued upon S100A8 co-expression or inhibition of proteasomal activity. Furthermore, S100A9, but not S100A8, could be stabilized by LPS, IL-1β and TNFα treatment. Interestingly, stimulation of S100A9-transfected COS cells with proteasomal inhibitor or IL-1β lead to the formation of protease resistant S100A9 homodimers. In summary, our data indicated that S100A9 protein is extremely unstable but can be rescued upon co-expression with S100A8 protein or inflammatory stimuli, via proteolytically resistant homodimer formation. The formation of S100A9 homodimers by this mechanism may constitute an amplification step during an inflammatory reaction.
Noise Predictive Turbo Equalization for a Filter Bank Based Receiver in a SC Transmission System (2007)

For coded transmission over band-limited channels with inter-symbol interference, Douillard proposed the turbo equalization approach which has been studied widely. It is an iterative equalization/decoding algorithm and results in tremendous performance improvement. This paper studies a turbo equalization approach, which includes our recently proposed filter bank based frequency-domain equalizer, and a noise predictor inside of a decision-feedback loop, in coded single-carrier transmission. Its performance is simulated in a frequency-selective channel for QPSK and 16-QAM modulations. Different number of iterations and noise prediction orders are examined. The simulation shows that one iteration with 5-taps noise prediction filter is sufficient to obtain significant gain over linear equalizer.
Injection Molding at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab (1995)

This paper describes the injection molding equipment at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab and how to use it. Topic covered include mold design, insert molding, safety, and material properties.