gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Turkish Broadcast News Transcription and Retrieval (2009)

This paper summarizes our recent efforts for building a Turkish Broadcast News transcription and retrieval system. The agglutinative nature of Turkish leads to a high number of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words which in turn lower automatic speech recognition (ASR) accuracy. This situation compromises the performance of speech retrieval systems based on ASR output. Therefore using a word-based ASR is not adequate for transcribing speech in Turkish. To alleviate this problem, various sub-word-based recognition units are utilized. These units solve the OOV problem with moderate size vocabularies and perform even better than a 500 K word vocabulary as far as recognition accuracy is concerned. As a novel approach, the interaction between recognition units, words and sub-words, and discriminative training is explored. Sub-word models benefit from discriminative training more than word models do, especially in the discriminative language modeling framework. For speech retrieval, a spoken term detection system based on automata indexation is utilized. As with transcription, retrieval performance is measured under various schemes incorporating words and sub-words. Best results are obtained using a cascade of word and sub-word indexes together with term-specific thresholding.
Catalytic Mechanism of Aryl-Ether Bond Cleavage in Lignin by LigF and LigG (2019)

Given the abundance of lignin in nature, multiple enzyme systems have been discovered to cleave the β-O-4 bonds, the most prevalent intermonomer linkage. In particular, stereospecific cleavage of lignin oligomers by glutathione <i>S</i>-transferases (GSTs) has been reported in several sphingomonads. Here, we apply quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations to study the mechanism of two glutathione-dependent enzymes in the β-aryl ether catabolic pathway of <i>Sphingomonas</i> sp. SYK-6, namely, LigF, a β-etherase, and LigG, a lyase. For LigF, the free-energy landscape supports a S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction mechanism, with the monoaromatic leaving group being promptly neutralized upon release. Specific interactions with conserved residues are responsible for stereoselectivity and for activation of the cofactor as a nucleophile. A glutathione conjugate is also released by LigF and serves the substrate of LigG, undergoing a S<sub>N</sub>2-like reaction, in which Cys15 acts as the nucleophile, to yield the second monoaromatic product. The simulations suggest that the electron-donating substituent at the para-position found in lignin-derived aromatics and the interaction with Tyr217 are essential for reactivity in LigG. Overall, this work deepens the understanding of the stereospecific enzymatic mechanisms in the β-aryl ether cleavage pathway and reveals key structural features underpinning the ligninolytic activity detected in several sphingomonad GSTs.
Chip‐Compatible Quantum Plasmonic Launcher (2020)

Abstract Integrated on‐demand single‐photon sources are critical for the implementation of photonic quantum information processing systems. To enable practical quantum photonic devices, the emission rates of solid‐state quantum emitters need to be substantially enhanced and the emitted signal must be directly coupled to an on‐chip circuitry. The photon emission rate speed‐up is best achieved via coupling to plasmonic antennas, while on‐chip integration can be realized by directly coupling emitters to photonic waveguides. The realization of practical devices requires that both the emission speed‐up and efficient out‐coupling are achieved in a single architecture. Here, a novel architecture is proposed that combines chip compatibility with high radiative emission rates—a quantum plasmonic launcher. The proposed launchers contain single nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamonds as quantum emitters that offer record‐high average fluorescence lifetime shortening factors of about 7000 times. Nanodiamonds with single NVs are sandwiched between two silver films that couple more than half of the emission into in‐plane propagating surface plasmon polaritons. This simple, compact, and scalable architecture represents a crucial step toward the practical realization of high‐speed on‐chip quantum networks.
YB-1, the E2F Pathway, and Regulation of Tumor Cell Growth (2011)

YB-1 expression is associated with the activity of E2F transcription factors and may control tumor cell growth by this mechanism.
Loss of soluble guanylyl cyclase in platelets contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation (2022)

Variants in genes encoding the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in platelets are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Here, by using histology, flow cytometry and intravital microscopy, we show that functional loss of sGC in platelets of atherosclerosis-prone <i>Ldlr</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation, particularly via increasing in vivo leukocyte adhesion to atherosclerotic lesions. In vitro experiments revealed that supernatant from activated platelets lacking sGC promotes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) by activating ECs. Profiling of platelet-released cytokines indicated that reduced platelet angiopoietin-1 release by sGC-depleted platelets, which was validated in isolated human platelets from carriers of <i>GUCY1A1</i> risk alleles, enhances leukocyte adhesion to ECs. I mp or ta ntly, p ha rm ac ol ogical sGC stimulation increased platelet angiopoietin-1 release in vitro and reduced leukocyte recruitment and atherosclerotic plaque formation in atherosclerosis-prone <i>Ldlr</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice. Therefore, pharmacological sGC stimulation might represent a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat CAD.
Fair scheduling with tunable latency: A round-robin approach (2003)

Weighted fair queueing (WFQ)-based packet scheduling schemes require processing at line speeds for tag computation and tag sorting. This requirement presents a bottleneck for their implementation at high transmission speeds. We propose an alternative and lower complexity approach to packet scheduling, based on modifications of the classical round-robin scheduler. Contrary to conventional belief, we show that appropriate modifications of the weighted round-robin (WRR) service discipline can, in fact, provide tight fairness properties and efficient delay guarantees to multiple sessions. Two such modifications are described: 1) list-based round robin, in which the server visits different sessions according to a precomputed list which is designed to obtain the desirable scheduling properties; 2) multiclass round robin, a version of hierarchical round robin with controls designed for good scheduling properties. The schemes considered are compared with well-known WFQ schemes and with deficit round robin (a credit-based WRR), on the basis of desirable properties such as bandwidth guarantees, fairness in excess bandwidth sharing, worst-case fairness, and efficiency of latency (delay guarantee) tuning. The scheduling schemes proposed and analyzed here operate with fixed packet sizes, and hence can be used in applications such as cell scheduling in ATM networks, time-slot scheduling on wireless links as in GPRS air interface, etc. A credit-based extension of the proposed schemes to handle variable packet sizes is also possible.
Online Monitoring of Vinyl Chloride Polymerization in a Microreactor Using Raman Spectroscopy (2012)

Abstract A novel capillary‐based microfluidic device has been designed to follow the vinyl chloride polymerization reaction. Monodisperse droplets of 200 μm diameter could be obtained by means of a co‐flow generation system, each one being considered as a polymerization reactor. Monomer droplets were visualized in a microchannel with a high‐speed camera. At the end of the reaction, PVC grains were observed with a scanning electron microscopy technique. Real‐time non‐invasive Raman measurement was performed on stationary vinyl chloride monomer droplets and provided values of effective reaction orders and rate constants. This microdevice allowed reaction investigation under difficult conditions of pressure and temperature with a minimal amount of reagents.
Development and performance evaluation of a dynamic phantom for biological dosimetry of moving targets (2010)

A dynamic phantom has been developed to allow for measurement of 3D cell survival distributions and the corresponding distributions of the RBE-weighted dose (RBED) in the presence of motion. The phantom consists of two 96-microwell plates holding Chinese hamster ovary cells inside a container filled with culture medium and is placed on a movable stage. Basic biological properties of the phantom were investigated without irradiation and after irradiation with a carbon ion beam, using both a stationary (reference) exposure and exposure during motion of the phantom perpendicular to the beam with beam tracking. There was no statistically significant difference between plating efficiency measured in the microwells with and without motion (0.75) and values reported in the literature. Mean differences between measured and calculated cell survival for these two irradiation modes were within +/-5% of the target dose of 6 Gy (RBE).
Regulation of L-selectin-dependent hydrodynamic shear thresholding by leukocyte deformability and shear dependent bond number (2016)

Leukocyte deformation may control selectin bond number at the flow rates associated with hydrodynamic shear thresholding. Model analysis supported a requirement for both L-selectin catch-slip bond properties and multiple bond formation for shear thresholding.
Contemporary Total Hip Replacement With Metal on Metal Articulation (1996)

Between 1991 and 1994, 74 patients received total hip replacements with metal on metal articulation. The results of these patients with 74 hips who had a 6-month to 4-year (average, 2.2 years average) followup are reported. Patients were prospectively evaluated by the Harris hip score, a patient self assessment form, and radiographs. The average postoperative Harris hip score was 91. Patient self assessment forms showed that 95% of the patients scored their results as excellent or good. No patient had revision for loosening, but 1 underwent revision surgery for recurrent dislocation. Serial radiographs have not revealed loosening or osteolysis. Wear could not be measured radiographically. Twenty-seven of the patients had bilateral total hip replacements with 1 hip being metal on polyethylene; the patients could not detect any difference between the 2 hips. The satisfactory short term results from the contemporary metal on metal articulation investigated in this study are encouraging and warrant continued study.
Development and Evaluation of Photodefinable Wafer Level Underfill (2015)

Photodefinable wafer level underfill has been developed and its design concept has been verified, that is, the removal of underfill on the top of bumps enables the excellent quality of bump connection without underfill entrapment. The photodefinable composition using carboxylic type polyimide shows poor resolution, whereas the phenol type polyimide based Photo WLUF, CD3000B, has good patterning properties. CD3000B could form underfill patterns having 15 μm diameter holes on 25 μm Cu bumps through conventional photolithography processes. The bonded samples showed the seamless bump junction and passed moisture sensitivity level 2 and thermal cycling reliability test.
Scheduling with alternatives in a resource constrained environment (1998)

The objective of this research is to develop and evaluate effective, computationally efficient procedures for scheduling jobs in a large-scale manufacturing system involving, for example, over 1000 jobs and over 100 machines. The main performance measure is maximum lateness; and a useful lower bound on maximum lateness is derived from a relaxed scheduling problem in which preemption of jobs is based on the latest finish time of each job at each machine. To construct a production schedule that minimizes maximum lateness, an iterative simulation-based scheduling algorithm operates as follows: (a) job queuing times observed at each machine in the previous simulation iteration are used to compute a refined estimate of the effective due date (slack) for each job at each machine; and (b) in the current simulation iteration, jobs are dispatched at each machine in order of increasing slack. Iterations of the scheduling algorithm terminate when the lower bound on maximum lateness is achieved or the iteration limit is reached. This scheduling algorithm is implemented in Virtual Factory, a Windows-based software package. The performance of Virtual Factory is demonstrated in a suite of randomly generated test problems as well as in a large furniture manufacturing facility. To further reduce maximum lateness, a second scheduling algorithm also incorporates a tabu search procedure that identifies process plans with alternative sequences, operations, and routings for jobs. This enhancement yields improved schedules that minimize manufacturing costs while satisfying job due dates. An extensive experimental performance evaluation indicates that in a broad range of industrial settings, the second scheduling algorithm can rapidly identify optimal or nearly optimal schedules.
Gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder: A review of the literature on ascertainment and prevalence (2017)

We reviewed studies having to do with autism spectrum disorder and the gastrointestinal system, dating back to 1980. We found that the median prevalence of constipation was 22.2%, diarrhea 13.0%, and any symptom 46.8%. All symptoms had a wide range of estimates across studies. GI symptoms were associated with characteristics of the study, including who measured the GI symptoms. We call for the development of a reliable and valid GI questionnaire for studies of ASD.
Fault tolerant wind farm control &#x2014; A benchmark model (2013)

In the recent years the wind turbine industry has focused on optimizing the cost of energy. One of the important factors in this is to increase reliability of the wind turbines. Advanced fault detection, isolation and accommodation are important tools in this process. Clearly most faults are dealt with best at a wind turbine control level. However, some faults are better dealt with at the wind farm control level. In this paper a benchmark model for fault detection and isolation, and fault tolerant control of wind turbines implemented at the wind farm control level is presented. The benchmark model includes a small wind farm of nine wind turbines, based on a simple model of a wind turbine as well as the wind and interactions between wind turbines in the wind farm. The model includes wind and power references scenarios as well as three relevant fault scenarios. This benchmark model is used in an international competition dealing with Wind Farm fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant control.
Core Cracking in Advanced Organic Substrates Due to Free Edge Effect at Cold Temperatures (2021)

Advanced field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) utilizing substrates with a thick organic core showed substrate core cracking after thermal cycling. These substrates are laminate structures with a core made from stacked layers of glass fiber and resin with routing layers made of copper and a dielectric build-up polymer. This type of cracking typically occurs on the glass fiber–resin interface, can penetrate several millimeters and across thru-vias to cause electrical failures, and was found on several test vehicles, four of which are detailed here. This work observed numerous examples to identify the characteristics of the cracking and notes the best observation practices. We hypothesize that this cracking is due to free edge effect at cold temperature. Since the free edge cannot have normal stress, a large out-of-plane stress exists at the edge and concentrates at the corner. Models were built to study the effects of various package parameters on the failure mode. The primary contributions to the free edge effect are the low-coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) glass fiber, the high-CTE resin, and the high-CTE build-up layers. The trend toward lower CTE substrates has demanded lower CTE glass fiber material, which exacerbates this problem. Increasing complexity of routing demands additional layers, which also increases the out-of-plane stress at the corner. Other less significant factors that increase the stress include lower resin CTE, higher build-up CTE, and decreasing core thickness. Thru-via placement and dicing optimization had small impact and the substrate had negligible impact.
A 25 THz $F_{CO}$ (6.3 fs $R_{ON}*C_{OFF}$) Phase-Change Material RF Switch Fabricated in a High Volume Manufacturing Environment with Demonstrated Cycling > 1 Billion Times (2020)

Two different sized layouts of four-terminal phase-change material (PCM) RF switches fabricated in a 200 mm silicon high volume manufacturing environment are presented. Both layouts have with a record high <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$F_{co}$</tex> of 25 THz. Layout-A, has an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$R_{ON}$</tex> of 2.3 Ω and a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$C_{OFF}$</tex> of 2.7 fF while Layout-B has an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$R_{ON}$</tex> of 0.82 Ω and a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$C_{OFF}$</tex> of 7.7 fF. Likewise, record <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$R_{ON}*C_{OFF}$</tex> values of 6.2 fs and 6.3 fs, have been demonstrated for the A and B switch layouts, respectively. Both layouts show minimal changes to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$R_{ON}$</tex> or actuation voltage when cycled 10 million times. Also, a Layout-A device was cycled 1 billion times, demonstrating the ability of this new class of RF switch to be used in high endurance applications.
The Diagnostic Specificity of Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes after Transurethral Operations (1983)

It has been suggested recently that increases in the concentration of the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase after transurethral operations could result from release of creatine kinase-MB by prostatic or bladder tissues and, therefore, that creatine kinase-MB is not specific for myocardial damage. Our study of 53 patients undergoing transurethral operations and 37 undergoing urethral dilations showed that creatine kinase-MB is not released in significant quantities from the prostate or bladder. Therefore, we believe that an elevated creatine kinase-MB concentration is specific for myocardial infarction in these patients. We also concluded that the increase in total serum creatine kinase activity in these patients probably results from release of the creatine kinase-MM isoenzyme from periurethral muscle damage by electrocautery.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Free-Standing Polymer Films near the Glass Transition Temperature (2002)

Monte Carlo simulations have been applied to investigate the behavior of thin polymeric films near the glass transition. Free-standing films of both linear and cyclic polymeric chains have been considered in this work. In agreement with experiments, we find that the apparent glass transition temperature of free-standing films decreases with decreasing film thickness. We find that in free-standing films linear chains are no longer Gaussian but are considerably more compact. Near the glass transition temperature, the ring polymers show a slower bond relaxation than the linear chains; for a given film thickness, ring polymers exhibit a higher glass transition temperature than linear polymers of the same molecular weight. It is found that both linear and ring polymer thin films exhibit a fluidlike interfacial region where mobility is considerably higher than in the bulk of the film.
High‐entropy oxides: Harnessing crystalline disorder for emergent functionality (2023)

Abstract High‐entropy materials defy historical materials design paradigms by leveraging chemical disorder to kinetically stabilize novel crystalline solid solutions comprised of many end‐members. Formulational diversity results in local crystal structures that are seldom found in conventional materials and can strongly influence macroscopic physical properties. Thermodynamically prescribed chemical flexibility provides a means to tune such properties. Additionally, kinetic metastability results in many possible atomic arrangements, including both solid‐solution configurations and heterogeneous phase assemblies, depending on synthesis conditions. Local disorder induced by metastability, and extensive cation solubilities allowed by thermodynamics combine to give many high‐entropy oxide systems utility as electrochemical, magnetic, thermal, dielectric, and optical materials. Though high‐entropy materials research is maturing rapidly, much remains to be understood and many compositions still await discovery, exploration, and implementation.
Design and rating of dedicated mechanical-subcooling vapour compression refrigeration systems (2000)

Subcooling of the refrigerant at the exit of the condenser in a vapour compression refrigeration system allows the refrigerant to enter the main cycle evaporator with a lower quality and thus allows the refrigerant to absorb more heat in the evaporator, thereby improving the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. In a dedicated mechanical-subcooling vapour compression refrigeration system, the subcooling is performed by utilizing a small dedicated vapour compression refrigeration cycle. This cycle is coupled to the main cycle at the exit of the condenser. In this paper, thermodynamic models of the dedicated mechanical-subcooling systems are developed to simulate the actual performance of the system, particularly with respect to the subcooler saturation temperature in addition to the heat exchanger areas. It is demonstrated that the performance of the overall cycle is improved over the corresponding simple cycle and this improvement is found to be related to the refrigerant saturation temperature of the subcooler. The models are also used to predict an optimum distribution of the total heat exchanger area between the evaporator and condenser.
Interplay between CXCR2 and BLT1 Facilitates Neutrophil Infiltration and Resultant Keratinocyte Activation in a Murine Model of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis (2014)

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with accelerated epidermal cell turnover. Neutrophil accumulation in the skin is one of the histological characteristics of psoriasis. However, the precise mechanism and role of neutrophil infiltration remain largely unknown. In this article, we show that orchestrated action of CXCR2 and leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 plays a key role in neutrophil recruitment during the development of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic skin lesions in mice. Depletion of neutrophils with anti-Ly-6G Ab ameliorated the disease severity, along with reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the skin. Furthermore, CXCR2 and BLT1 coordinately promote neutrophil infiltration into the skin during the early phase of IMQ-induced inflammation. In vitro, CXCR2 ligands augment leukotriene B4 production by murine neutrophils, which, in turn, amplifies chemokine-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis via BLT1 in autocrine and/or paracrine manners. In agreement with the increased IL-19 expression in IMQ-treated mouse skin, IL-1β markedly upregulated expression of acanthosis-inducing cytokine IL-19 in human keratinocytes. We propose that coordination of chemokines, lipids, and cytokines with multiple positive feedback loops might drive the pathogenesis of psoriasis and, possibly, other inflammatory diseases as well. Interference to this positive feedback or its downstream effectors could be targets of novel anti-inflammatory treatment.