gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
207. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PROXIMAL HUMERAL FRACTURES: PROSPECTIVE CONSECUTIVE MONOCENTRIC STUDY (2011)

Purpose of the study: Optimal management of proximal fractures of the humerus remains a subject of debate. We conducted a prospective epidemiological study to identify injuries encountered, determine the reproducibility of reference classifications and their pertinence for therapeutic decision making. Material and methods: All patients presenting a proximal fracture of the humerus admitted to a teaching hospital from November 2007 to November 2008 were included using a standardised computer form. A CT-scan was obtained if necessary. Fractures were classified by three senior observers (CP, GM, AR) according to the Neer and AO classifications. Results: Two hundred forty-seven fractures were collected in 75 men (30%) and 172 women (70%), mean age 66 years (18–97). There were 112 fractures on the dominant side (45%). Two patients had vessel injury and one an associated injury of the brachial plexus. One patient had an isolated injury to the axillary nerve. According to the Neer classification which describes 15 types of fractures, there was little or no displacement or 38% of the fractures and 97.5% of the fractures were classified within six groups: little or no displacement, surgical neck, trochiter fracture alone or with anterior dislocation, 3 or 4 fragment fractures. Using the nine subtypes of the AO classification, there were 58 A1, 55 A2, 42 A3, 43 B1, 9 B2, 5 B3, 14 C1, 18 C2 and 3 C3. Groups A and B included 88% of the fractures. Regarding the CT-scan, obtained in 40% of patients, changed the radiographic interpretation in six cases. Interobserver reproducibility was good. Orthopaedic treatment was given for 203 patients (82%). Operations were: fixation of the tuberosities (n=7), anterograde nailing (n=29), hemiarthroplasty (n=6), reversed prosthesis (n=2). Discussion: This distribution of fractures of the proximal humerus corresponds well with data in the literature. Good quality x-rays can provide adequate classification without a CT-scan for the majority of patients. The classification systems currently used are quite exhaustive although the distribution in the subgroups is not homogeneous.
Highly Chlorine‐Tolerant Polymers for Desalination (2008)

Das Aus für's Salz: Übliche Polyamidmembranen zur Entsalzung werden leicht durch Chlor angegriffen, doch sulfonierte Copolymere, die durch eine direkte Copolymerisation mit einem disulfonierten Monomer entstehen, bieten sich als chlorbeständige Alternative an. Mithilfe solcher Membranen (siehe Bild) gelingt die leistungsstarke Entsalzung bei hohem Durchfluss.
Computer Science approach to the stellar fabric of violent starforming regions in AGN (2004)

In order to analyse the large numbers of Seyfert galaxy spectra available at present, we are testing new techniques to derive their physical parameters fastly and accurately.We present an experiment on such a new technique to segregate old and young stellar populations in galactic spectra using machine learning methods. We used an ensemble of classifiers, each classifier in the ensemble specializes in young or old populations and was trained with locally weighted regression and tested using ten-fold cross-validation. Since the relevant information concentrates in certain regions of the spectra we used the method of sequential floating backward selection offline for feature selection.Very interestingly, the application to Seyfert galaxies proved that this technique is very insensitive to the dilution by the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) continuum. Comparing with exhaustive search we concluded that both methods are similar in terms of accuracy but the machine learning method is faster by about two orders of magnitude.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html
Resolving the size of ice-nucleating particles with a balloon deployable aerosol sampler: the SHARK (2020)

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) affect cloud development, lifetime, and radiative properties, hence it is important to know the abundance of INPs throughout the atmosphere. A critical factor in determining the lifetime and transport of INPs is their size; however very little size-resolved atmospheric INP concentration information exists. Here we present the development and application of a radio-controlled payload capable of collecting size-resolved aerosol from a tethered balloon for the primary purpose of offline INP analysis. This payload, known as the SHARK (Selective Height Aerosol Research Kit), consists of two complementary cascade impactors for aerosol size-segregation from 0.25 to 10 µm, with an after-filter and top stage to collect particles below and above this range at flow rates of up to 100 L min−1. The SHARK also contains an optical particle counter to quantify aerosol size distribution between 0.38 and 10 µm, and a radiosonde for the measurement of temperature, pressure, GPS altitude, and relative humidity. This is all housed within a weatherproof box, can be run from batteries for up to 11 h, and has a total weight of 9 kg. The radio control and live data link with the radiosonde allow the user to start and stop sampling depending on meteorological conditions and height, which can, for example, allow the user to avoid sampling in very humid or cloudy air, even when the SHARK is out of sight. While the collected aerosol could, in principle, be studied with an array of analytical techniques, this study demonstrates that the collected aerosol can be analysed with an offline droplet freezing instrument to determine size-resolved INP concentrations, activated fractions, and active site densities, producing similar results to those obtained using a standard PM10 aerosol sampler when summed over the appropriate size range. Test data, where the SHARK was sampling near ground level or suspended from a tethered balloon at 20 m altitude, are presented from four contrasting locations having very different size-resolved INP spectra: Hyytiälä (southern Finland), Leeds (northern England), Longyearbyen (Svalbard), and Cardington (southern England).
Biomineralization of Engineered Spider Silk Protein-Based Composite Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering (2016)

Materials based on biodegradable polyesters, such as poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) or poly(butylene terephthalate-<i>co</i>-poly(alkylene glycol) terephthalate) (PBTAT), have potential application as pro-regenerative scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Herein, the preparation of films composed of PBT or PBTAT and an engineered spider silk protein, (eADF4(C16)), that displays multiple carboxylic acid moieties capable of binding calcium ions and facilitating their biomineralization with calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate is reported. Human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on films mineralized with calcium phosphate show enhanced levels of alkaline phosphatase activity suggesting that such composites have potential use for bone tissue engineering.
Thermophotovoltaics: Large‐Area Ultrabroadband Absorber for Solar Thermophotovoltaics Based on 3D Titanium Nitride Nanopillars (Advanced Optical Materials 22/2017) (2017)

Manohar Chirumamilla and co-workers introduce a novel thermally stable ultra-broadband absorber for solar thermophotovoltaics based on refractory 3D titanium nitride nanopillars in article number 1700552. Scalable large-area costeffective fabrication methods combined with omnidirectionality, polarization insensitivity, and high thermal/chemical/structural/spectral stability, make the 3D titanium nitride nanopillars very interesting candidates for high-temperature photonic and plasmonic applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of KDO Using Indium‐Mediated Allylation of 2,3:4,5‐Di‐O‐ isopropylidene‐D‐arabinose in Aqueous Media. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Allograft Loss in Renal Transplant Recipients with Cryptococcus Neoformans Associated Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (2005)

This study describes the association of allograft loss and immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) in the course of Cryptococcosis neoformans infection in renal transplant recipients. Patients comprised 54 renal allograft recipients with cryptococcosis in a prospective, multicenter study. IRS developed in 5.5% (3/54) of the renal transplant recipient with C. neoformans infection. The renal allograft was lost to chronic rejection in 66% (2/3) of the patients with cryptococcosis who developed IRS compared to 5.9% (3/51) of those who did not (P=0.012). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that subsequent to cryptococcal infection the probability of allograft survival was significantly lower in patients who developed IRS compared to those who did not develop IRS (P=0.0004). Temporal association of graft loss with IRS suggests a common pathophysiologic basis for these entities with implications relevant for the optimal management of renal transplant recipients with cryptococcosis.
Humidity-sensing characteristics of antimonic acid proton conductor element at medium temperatures. (1985)

プロトン導電体のうちアンチモン酸が熱的に比較的安定で,水蒸気分圧により導電率が変化する特性を生かして,100～200℃の中温域で作動する湿度センサーを試作した。アンチモン酸だけからなる素子では応答は遅いが,ジフェニルシランジオールをバインダーとして2wt%添加し,素子を多孔質化することにより,応答速度は大幅に増加した。本素子は,通常の多孔質セラミックス型素子では困難な低湿度の検知が可能であった。また,アンチモン酸のH+の一部をNa+で交換した試料を用いることにより感湿特性を変化させうることがわかった。素子の経時安定性については,作動初期にはヒドロキシル基の生成によりドリフトを起こすが,一定時間後には安定作動した.さらに,本素子では100～150℃でインピーダンスの温度依存性が小さいため,正確な温度制御を必要としない特徴も有している。
Blocking signaling through the gp130 receptor chain by interleukin-6 and oncostatin M inhibits PC-3 cell growth and sensitizes the tumor cells to etoposide and cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity (1999)

These results demonstrate the protective roles in drug sensitivity of IL-6 and OM through signaling of the common chain gp130 and, most likely, a downstream ras-dependent pathway in PC-3 tumor cells. These findings suggest the potential clinical application of anticytokine therapy or interference with gp130 signaling in the treatment of drug resistant prostate carcinoma.
A Social-Welfare Optimal Probabilistic Mechanism for Knightian Single-Good Auctions (2012)

We provide an optimal probabilistic mechanism for maximizing social welfare in single-good auctions when each player does not know his true valuation for the good, but only a set of valuations that is guaranteed to include his true one.
Transcriptional or translational inhibition blocks low dose NMDA-mediated cell death (1995)

Glutamate toxicity in nerve cells has been well documented and may play a role in a broad spectrum of neurological and ophthalmic diseases. Recent work in several laboratories has suggested that an apoptotic-like mechanism may be implicated in glutamate toxicity under certain circumstances. We therefore studied the effects of transcriptional and translational inhibition on glutamate-mediated cell death in retinal ganglion cells. We now report that either cycloheximide or actinomycin D can, even when added 2 h after the initial excitotoxic insult, save retinal ganglion cells from low dose glutamate toxicity. However, cycloheximide or actinomycin D are unable to prevent glutamate-mediated death at higher concentrations of excitotoxin. This result indicates that at low doses, the neurotoxic effects of glutamate may develop through an apoptotic-like mechanism.
HIV Cure Strategies: How Good Must They Be to Improve on Current Antiretroviral Therapy? (2014)

Depending on efficacy, relapse rate, and cost, cure strategies could be cost-effective compared to current ART and potentially cost-saving. These results may help provide performance targets for developing cure strategies for HIV.
Acoustically-transparent passive RF field repeater elements for the mitigation of the low-signal artifact and improved sensitivity in MRgFUS (2023)

MRgFUS image quality remains poor and suffers from a low-signal band artifact, preventing efficient image acquisition. We propose to place overlapped acoustically transparent loop elements in &amp;ldquo;passive mode&amp;rdquo; between the transducer and the head that act as a transmit field repeater/concentrator. Simulation results not only show mitigation of the low-signal band artifact in the thalamus region, but also demonstrate improvement of the RF transmit signal by a factor of 5 and 2 in the upper brain and the thalamus region, respectively.
Abstract 5213: A modified L-penetratin peptide targeting e2f-1, 2 and 3 is effective in combination with cisplatin or pemetrexed against prostate and lung cancer cell lines (2019)

Overexpression of the “activating” transcription factors, E2F1,2 and-3a induces genes involved in DNA synthesis and leads to cellular proliferation, tumor growth, and invasion. Therefore, inhibiting the overexpression of one or more activating E2Fs is a recognized target in cancer therapeutics. Dysregulation/overexpression of E2Fs is also controlled by deletion or mutations in the retinoblastoma protein in tumors. In our previous studies we showed that a novel penetratin conjugated 7-mer peptide (PEP) inhibited transcription of the E2F1, 2 and 3a by bounding tightly to E2F promoters. The PEP was cytotoxic at low micro molar concentrations to several malignant cell lines. As the PEP was unstable in vivo, the PEP was encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes (PL-PEP). Treatment of xenografts of the pRB negative small cell lung cancer H-69 and castrate resistant prostate cancer DU145 tumors propagated in mice with the PL- PEP, caused tumor regression. To increase stability and potency of the PEP, L-Arg in the PEP was replaced by D-Arg. Molecular simulation studies showed that the D-Arg PEP secondary structure is more stable than the L- Arg peptide structure in water. In vitro studies showed that the D-Arg PEP was more potent and more resistant to degradation by serum proteases than the L- form. As E2F is important for DNA repair, and for transcription of thymidylate synthase, we tested the effects of the PEP in combination with cisplatin, a DNA damaging drug and pemetrexed, a potent thymidylate synthase inhibitor. Combination studies of the D-ARG pep with cisplatin (in DU145, PC3, LnCap and 4T1) cells and with pemetrexed (in non-small cell lung cancer, H2009, H441, H1975 and H2228) resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity as determined by Chou-Talalay analysis.Citation Format: Gulam M. Rather, Michael Anyanwu, John E. Kerrigan, Kathleen W. Scotto, Olga Garbuzenko, Tamara Minko, Zoltan Szekely, Joseph R. Bertino. A modified L-penetratin peptide targeting e2f-1, 2 and 3 is effective in combination with cisplatin or pemetrexed against prostate and lung cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5213.
Chance is an important element in phagolysosomal acidification that favors the macrophage (2018)

Phagosome acidification is a critical mechanism of defense in phagocytic cells, which inhibits microbes by producing a less hospitable pH that also activates microbicidal mechanisms. We analyzed the dynamic distribution of phagolysosome pH measurements after bone marrow derived macrophages had ingested live Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii cells, dead C. neoformans cells, or inert beads at various time intervals. Phagosomes acidified for each type of ingested particle, producing a range of pH values that approximated normal distributions, yet the degree to which they differed from normality depended on the particle type. Irrespective of the particle ingested, we noted wide variation in the phagolysosomal pH measured. Analysis of the increment of pH reduction revealed no forbidden ordinal pH intervals for each type of particle indicative of chaotic signatures; consistent with the notion that the phagosomal acidification process is a result of a stochastic dynamical system. The stochastic nature of phagosomal acidification is consistent with the fact that final vacuolar pH is the result of numerous variables that contribute to the final outcome, which was also reflected in a stochastic initiation of intracellular cell budding. Hence, 9chance9 plays an important role in the process of phagosomal acidification which, in turn, introduces unpredictability to the outcome of the macrophage-microbe struggle in individual phagosomes thus creating a fundamental uncertainty in the fate of host-microbe interactions. Chance provides macrophages with an adaptive bet hedging strategy that can increase the likelihood that phagolysosomal pH inhibits ingested microbes while reducing the emergence of acid resistance.
Optimal Control of Wireless Computing Networks (2018)

Augmented information (AgI) services allow users to consume information that results from the execution of a chain of service functions that process source information to create real-time augmented value. Applications include real-time analysis of remote sensing data, real-time computer vision, personalized video streaming, and augmented reality, among others. We consider the problem of optimal distribution of AgI services over a wireless computing network, in which nodes are equipped with both communication and computing resources. We characterize the wireless computing network capacity region and design a joint flow scheduling and resource allocation algorithm that stabilizes the underlying queuing system while achieving a network cost arbitrarily close to the minimum, with a tradeoff in network delay. Our solution captures the unique chaining and flow scaling aspects of AgI services while exploiting the use of the broadcast approach coding scheme over the wireless channel.
NIMG-34. MULTI-PARAMETRIC MR-PET IMAGING PREDICTS PHARMACOKINETICS AND CLINICAL RESPONSE TO GDC-0084 IN HUMAN RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA (2019)

Abstract Alterations in the PI3K pathway are found in the majority of malignant gliomas, but lack of efficacy has caused investigators to question the viability of this target, particularly due to lack of brain penetration. GDC-0084 was specifically optimized to penetrate the brain, targeting both PI3K and mTOR. Since these two targets alter tumor vascularity and metabolism, respectively, we hypothesized that multi-parametric MR-PET could be used to quantify the response, estimate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, and predict progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. In this first-in-man, multicenter, phase I, dose-escalation study (NCT01547546), we show in 47 patients that the measured maximum concentration (Cmax) of GDC0084 was associated with a decrease in enhancing tumor volume (P=0.0287) and an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) (P=0.0418). Post-treatment tumor volume, 18F-FDG uptake, Ktrans, and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were all correlated with Cmax. A linear combination of change in 18F-FDG PET uptake, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), FA, Ktrans, vp, and rCBV were able to estimate both Cmax (R2=0.4113, P&lt; 0.0001) and drug exposure (AUC) (R2=0.3481, P&lt; 0.0001). Using this composite multi-parametric MR-PET imaging response biomarker to predict PK, patients with an estimated Cmax &gt;0.1 uM and AUC &gt; 1.25 uM*hr demonstrated significantly longer PFS compared with patients with a lower estimated concentration and exposure (P=0.0039 and P=0.0296, respectively). Results from the current study suggest composite biomarkers created from multi-parametric MR-PET imaging targeting metabolic and/or physiologic processes specific to the drug mechanism of action may be useful for subsequent evaluation of treatment efficacy for larger phase II-III studies.
Characterizing dielectric tensors from angle-of-incidence Mueller matrix images (2007)

Biaxial ellipsometry is a technique that measures the dielectric tensor and thickness of a biaxial substrate, single-layer thin film, or multi-layer structure. The dielectric tensor of a biaxial material consists of the real and imaginary parts of the three orthogonal principal indices (n<sub>x</sub>+ ik<sub>x</sub>, n<sub>y</sub>+ ik<sub>y</sub> and n<sub>z</sub> + ik<sub>z</sub>) and three Euler angles (&Theta;, &Phi;, &Delta;) to describe its orientation. The method utilized in this work measures an angle-of-incidence Mueller matrix from a Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter equipped with a pair of microscope objectives with low polarization aberrations. The dielectric tensors for multilayer samples are determined from multi-spectral angle-of-incidence Mueller matrix images in either a transmission or reflection mode using an appropriate dispersion model. Given approximate a priori knowledge of the dielectric tensor and film thickness, a Jones matrix image is first calculated by solving Maxwell's equations at each surface which is then transformed into a Mueller matrix image. An optimization algorithm then finds the best fit dielectric tensor based on matching the measured and calculated angle-of-incidence Mueller matrix images. One use for this application is to more accurately determine the dielectric tensors of biaxial films used in liquid crystal displays.
Tenascin is associated with chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vivo and promotes chondrogenesis in vitro. (1987)

The tissue distribution of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein, tenascin, during cartilage and bone development in rodents has been investigated by immunohistochemistry. Tenascin was present in condensing mesenchyme of cartilage anlagen, but not in the surrounding mesenchyme. In fully differentiated cartilages, tenascin was only present in the perichondrium. In bones that form by endochondral ossification, tenascin reappeared around the osteogenic cells invading the cartilage model. Tenascin was also present in the condensing mesenchyme of developing bones that form by intramembranous ossification and later was present around the spicules of forming bone. Tenascin was absent from mature bone matrix but persisted on periosteal and endosteal surfaces. Immunofluorescent staining of wing bud cultures from chick embryos showed large amounts of tenascin in the forming cartilage nodules. Cultures grown on a substrate of tenascin produced more cartilage nodules than cultures grown on tissue culture plastic. Tenascin in the culture medium inhibited the attachment of wing bud cells to fibronectin-coated substrates. We propose that tenascin plays an important role in chondrogenesis by modulating fibronectin-cell interactions and causing cell rounding and condensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Supported Reactions. Part 3. Reduction of Aromatic Aldehydes to Hydrocarbons with Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)‐Nickel Acetate in Methanol. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.