gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of GPS L1/Galileo E1 interference monitoring system for the airport environment (2011)

How does the GPS Ll spectrum look like at a commercial airport? How frequently do radio frequency interference (RFI) incidents occur? To answer this, the GPS Ll/Galileo El band was monitored at two different airports for an extended period of time. The monitor stations continuously recorded the noise level using the automatic gain control (AGC) in the frontend. Also, the raw intermediate frequency (IF) signal was recorded at regular intervals as well as when the AGC level dropped below a certain threshold. In this paper the analysis of long-term measurements of the spectrum and AGC level at Luleå Airport outside Luleå, Sweden, and Kaohsiung International Airport in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, is presented. The results shows that RFI incidents did occur at both airports, although more frequent at Kaohsiung International Airport. The measurements also show that the AGC level is useful in systems monitoring the RFI environment. Importantly, the measured data could be utilized for analyses toward the future introduction of GBAS for civil aviation authorities.
Blood-spinal cord barrier leakage is independent of motor neuron pathology in ALS (2019)

Abstract Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease involving progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Both lower motor neuron loss and the deposition of phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions display regional patterning along the spinal cord. The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) ordinarily restricts entry into the spinal cord parenchyma of blood components that are neurotoxic, but in ALS there is evidence for barrier breakdown. Here we sought to examine whether BSCB breakdown, motor neuron loss, and TDP-43 proteinopathy display the same regional patterning across and along the spinal cord. Methods We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hemoglobin in living ALS patients (n=87 controls, n=236 ALS) as a potential biomarker of BSCB and blood-brain barrier leakage. We then immunostained cervical, thoracic, and lumbar post mortem spinal cord tissue (n=5 controls, n=13 ALS) and employed semi-automated imaging and analysis to quantify and map lower motor neuron loss and phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusion load against hemoglobin leakage. Results Motor neuron loss and TDP-43 proteinopathy were seen at all three levels of the ALS spinal cord, with most abundant TDP-43 deposition in the ventral grey (lamina IX) of the cervical and lumbar cord. In contrast, hemoglobin leakage was observed along the ALS spinal cord axis but was most severe in the dorsal grey and white matter in the thoracic spinal cord. Conclusions Our data show that leakage of the blood-spinal cord barrier occurs during life but at end-stage its distribution is independent from the major motor neuron pathology and is unlikely to be a major contributor to pathogenesis in ALS.
Use of a Soil Surfactant with Fungicides for Control of Fairy Ring Disease in Turfgrass (2007)

Abstract Fairy ring is the common name for a complex disease of turf encompassing the appearance of mushrooms, circles of stimulated grass, or rings of damaged or dead turfgrass maintained for lawns, athletic fields, or golf courses. Type-I fairy ring is especially destructive due to the development of water repellent or hydrophobic soil conditions and the subsequent decline and damage to the existing turfgrass. Fairy ring management strategies, particularly the control or suppression of Type-I fairy ring symptoms, has been inconsistent in effectiveness. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides recommended for fairy ring control when applied alone and with a soil surfactant. This research was conducted on cool-season turfgrass in California in 2005, and in Pennsylvania in 2006. The same treatments were applied at both locations. The four fungicide treatments were evaluated at 620 g active ingredient (a.i.) azoxystrobin∙ha-1, 9757 g a.i. flutolanil∙ha-1, 310 g a.i polyoxin-D∙ha-1, or 558 g a.i. pyraclostrobin∙ha-1. Each fungicide was applied alone and in a tank-mix combination with the modified alkylated polyol soil surfactant (100 % concentration) at 19 L product∙ha-1. All treatments were applied at two water carrier volumes of 814 and 1628∙ L∙ha-1. At both locations, Type-I fairy ring symptoms were noticeably reduced in plots treated with fungicides plus soil surfactant at either water carrier volume versus plots treated with fungicides alone applied at 814 L water carrier ha-1. Therefore, the consistently best overall treatment for the control or suppression of Type-I fairy ring symptoms was fungicides plus soil surfactant at either water carrier volume. The application of plant protection products at the lower water volume is preferred by turfgrass managers and practitioners; thus the utility of soil surfactants applied with fungicides is a useful strategy for the chemical control of fairy ring in turf.
Sodium relaxation times in the knee joint in vivo at 7T (2011)

The sodium concentration correlates directly with the concentration of proteoglycans (PG) in cartilage, the loss of which is an early signature of osteoarthritis (OA). As a result, quantitative sodium MRI is a promising technique for assessing the degradation of articular cartilage in patients with OA. Sodium relaxation times can also provide information on the degradation of cartilage: it has already been shown on bovine cartilage that T(1) and T2long are longer and T2short shorter when the PG concentration decreases. In this study, sodium T(1), T2*short and T2*long relaxation maps were measured in vivo at 7 T on 8 healthy volunteers and in 4 different regions of the cartilage in the knee joint. The patellar, femoro-tibial medial, lateral, and femoral condyle cartilage have an average T(1)~20 ms, but different T2*short (from 0.5 ms to 1.4 ms) and T2*long (from 11.4 ms to 14.8 ms). Statistically significant differences in T(1), T2*short and T2*long were observed between the different regions in cartilage (p << 10(- 5)). Statistical differences in T(1) were also observed between male and female data (p << 10(- 5)). These relaxation times measurements can further be applied as correction factors for sodium concentration maps in vivo and can also be useful as complementary information to quantitative sodium MRI in the quest for detecting early OA. These measurements were done on low resolution sodium images in order to acquire sufficient quality data for fitting (5 images for T(1) and 9 images for T2*) while keeping the total time of acquisition of the data reasonable for the volunteer's comfort (1 h 15 min).
Hyperpolarized Water as an MR Imaging Contrast Agent: Feasibility of in Vivo Imaging in a Rat Model (2012)

Perfusion contrast for MR imaging can be obtained by continuously infusing hyperpolarized water, providing localized angiography or brain perfusion information in vivo for rat models.
ChemInform Abstract: A MODEL STUDY FOR THE BIOMIMETIC‐TYPE SYNTHESIS OF RIFAMYCIN S (1981)

Abstract Aus dem Propiophenon (I) erhält man in bekannter Reaktionsfolge das ungesättigte Keton (II), das zum Hydroperoxid (IIIa) oxidiert wird.
Smart Cut&#x2122; technology provides excellent layer uniformity for fully depleted CMOS (2013)

Now that silicon product results are becoming available, and that the FD-SOI substrates hit the required uniformity to enable such products. It can now be said that Planar FDSOI is a credible manufacturing technology at 28nm. Furthermore, the technology is in place and has been proven to enable further scaling to at least the 10nm node.
Symmetry and Chirality in Liquid Crystals (1998)

The prelims comprise: Symmetry Operations in Liquid Crystals Molecular Asymmetry Space Symmetry in Liquid Crystals Mesophase Phase Symmetry Frustrated Phases References
A1.3 m facetted Reflectarray in Ku band (2012)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: A GENERAL APPROACH TO ALIPHATIC 2‐NITROENAMINES (1983)

Abstract 1‐Nitroalkane (I) reagieren mit heteroaromatischen Aminen bzw. N‐Methylanilin (II) und Orthoameisensäureester zu 2‐Nitroenaminen (IV), aus denen durch Aminaustausch aliphatische Nitroenamine (V) gut zugänglich sind.
Preparation and characterization of shellac‐coated anthocyanin pectin beads as dietary colonic delivery system (2011)

In the used in vitro and ex vivo model system mimicking the human intestinal transit, the potential of shellac and shellac/HPMC coated anthocyanin amidated pectin beads as dietary colon targeting systems was demonstrated.
The Evolution of Histamine H3 Antagonists/Inverse Agonists (2011)

This article describes our efforts along with recent advances in the development, biological evaluation and clinical proof of concept of small molecule histamine H₃ antagonists/inverse agonists. The H3 receptor is a presynaptic autoreceptor within the Class A GPCR family, but also functions as a heteroreceptor modulating levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA and glutamate. Thus, H₃R has garnered a great deal of interest from the pharmaceutical industry for the possible treatment of obesity, epilepsy, sleep/wake, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain and ADHD. Within the two main classes of H₃ ligands, both imidazole and non-imidazole derived, have shown sufficient potency and specificity which culminated with efficacy in preclinical models for various CNS disorders. Importantly, conserved elements have been identified within the small molecule H₃ ligand scaffolds that resulted in a highly predictive pharmacophore model. Understanding of the pharmacophore model has allowed several groups to dial H₃R activity into scaffolds designed for other CNS targets, and engender directed polypharmacology. Moreover, Abbott, GSK, Pfizer and several others have reported positive Phase I and/or Phase II data with structurally diverse H₃R antagonists/inverse agonists.
A Review and Correlations for Convection Heat Transfer and Pressure Losses in Toroidal and Helically Coiled Tubes (2016)

The conducted review of the experiments for pressure losses and convection heat transfer in toroidal and coiled tubes yielded 2,410 pressure losses data for water, air, and ethylene glycol flows in 62 different coiled tubes. These data are used to develop a friction factor correlation, in terms of a modified Dean number. The compiled Nusselt number database of 176 data points for flows of water, air, and water–10% and 43.5% glycerol mixtures and additional 17 data points for flows of ethylene glycol, n-amyl alcohol, n-butanol, and n-amyl acetate, with higher Prandtl numbers of 15–175, is correlated in terms of the modified Reynolds number. The friction factor and Nusselt number correlations span the entire range of the data, and agree with the data to within ±20%. In addition, the experimental data of the critical Reynolds number are correlated to within ±10%. The developed correlations are compared to those reported previously. The comparison of the calculated results for a coiled tube and a straight tube, of the same diameter and total length, quantifies the relative heat transfer enhancement and increase in pressure losses. A review of the thermal development in toroidal and coiled tubes indicates that the value and the oscillatory behavior of the local Nusselt number depend on the angular location.
Table S7 from Integrative Molecular Characterization of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S7 contains microbe screening results.&lt;/p&gt;
Host miRNAs as biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a critical review (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to miRNA expression changes in body fluids of COVID-19 patients. This review summarizes data on miRNAs that change expression during COVID-19 and can potentially be used as biomarkers for COVID-19 and/or disease severity.
Supplementary Table 4 from Comparison of Human and Rat Uterine Leiomyomata: Identification of a Dysregulated Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Comparison of Human and Rat Uterine Leiomyomata: Identification of a Dysregulated Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway
Shrinkage and Warpage (2007)

No AccessInjection Mold Design EngineeringAug 2007Shrinkage and WarpageDavid O. KazmerDavid O. Kazmerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446434196.010SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2007Pages: 233-257Print ISBN: 978-3-446-41266-8eISBN: 978-3-446-43419-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2007 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Magnetic Resonance Elastography Reconstruction for Anisotropic Tissues (2021)

Elastography has become widely used clinically for characterising changes in soft tissue mechanics that are associated with altered tissue structure and composition. However, some soft tissues, such as muscle, are not isotropic as is assumed in clinical elastography implementations. This limits the ability of these methods to capture changes in anisotropic tissues associated with disease. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel elastography reconstruction technique suitable for estimating the linear viscoelastic mechanical properties of transversely isotropic soft tissues. We derived a divergence-free formulation of the governing equations for acoustic wave propagation through a linearly transversely isotropic viscoelastic material, and transformed this into a weak form. This was then implemented into a finite element framework, enabling the analysis of wave input data and tissue structural fibre orientations, in this case based on diffusion tensor imaging. To validate the material constants obtained with this method, numerous in silico phantom experiments were run which encompassed a range of variations in wave input directions, material properties, fibre structure and noise. The method was also tested on ex vivo muscle and in vivo human volunteer calf muscles, and compared with a previous curl-based inversion method. The new method robustly extracted the transversely isotropic shear moduli (G<sub>⊥</sub><sup>'</sup>, G<sub>∥</sub><sup>'</sup>, G<sup>″</sup>) from the in silico phantom tests with minimal bias, including in the presence of experimentally realistic levels of noise in either fibre orientation or wave data. This new method performed better than the previous method in the presence of noise. Anisotropy estimates from the ex vivo muscle phantom agreed well with rheological tests. In vivo experiments on human calf muscles were able to detect increases in muscle shear moduli with passive muscle stretch. This new reconstruction method can be applied to quantify tissue mechanical properties of anisotropic soft tissues, such as muscle, in health and disease.
Revealing Integrated Product and Geographical Diversification Trajectories in Multinational Pharmaceutical Enterprises (2023)

Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) periodically decide on both which products to launch (or phase out) and in which global regions, thereby conducting an integrated products-countries consideration in diversification strategies. Over time, these diversification decisions can have a cumulative impact on the structure. Diversification literature has primarily focused on one of these two metrics rather than providing an integrated view; this work investigates both metrics. Considering deal-making as an execution instrument of strategies, a comparison of historic deals of MNEs with their current structure offers insights into the nature of the diversification strategies that were pursued. For the most active global deal-making pharmaceutical firms, we derive normalized deal diversity profile metrics in terms of their cumulative past product-countries’ preferences and compare them with the product-countries’ operations of their current subsidiaries. We rationalize MNE deal behaviors as means to shed, acquire and consolidate businesses to enable their market leadership aspirations. The analysis reveals two trajectories that have been actively favored in deals: one directed at niche products offered globally, and one directed at niche products in selected countries. The former is characterized by deals in a high number of countries, whereas the latter by two identifiably different product concentration levels. In contrast, trajectories directed at widely diverse products have been disfavored in deals. Understanding such directions and their pace can aid in global- or group-level strategy formulation, monitoring strategy execution, interpreting competitor moves and designing regional policies.
Reduction and Cancellation Techniques for the Near Field Capacitive Coupling and Parasitic Capacitance of Inductors (2018)

In this paper, a near field capacitive coupling problem due to PCB layout is first identified. Methods to extract the capacitances in a multi-conductor system are introduced to help analyze the problem. A practical case of common mode choke design in ac/dc adapters is introduced and analyzed. Principles are given to avoid unnecessary coupling and reduce the parasitic coupling capacitance as much as possible in PCB layout design. A technique is proposed to fully cancel the parasitic coupling capacitance as well as equivalent parallel capacitance of the common mode choke. Simulation and experiment results verified the technique.
Emergency Open Incarcerated Hernia Repair with a Biological Mesh in a Patient with Colorectal Liver Metastasis Receiving Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab Uncomplicated Wound Healing (2014)

Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), often used in combinational chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases. However adverse events have been attributed to the use of bevacizumab including gastrointestinal perforations, thrombotic events, hypertension, bleeding, and wound healing complications. 53-year-old male, with a history of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis, receiving a combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy (FOLFIRI, irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid) with bevacizumab presented as an emergency with an incarcerated incisional hernia. The last administration of chemotherapy and bevacizumab had taken place 2 weeks prior to this presentation. As the risk of strangulation of the bowel was increased, a decision was made to take the patient to theatre, although the hazard with respect to wound healing, haemorrhage, and infection risk was high due to the recent administration of chemotherapy with bevacizumab. The patient underwent an open repair of the incarcerated recurrent incisional hernia with placement of a biological mesh, and the postoperative recovery was uncomplicated with no wound healing or bleeding problems.
Demonstration of quantum volume 64 on a superconducting quantum computing system (2022)

We improve the quality of quantum circuits on superconducting quantum computing systems, as measured by the quantum volume, with a combination of dynamical decoupling, compiler optimizations, shorter two-qubit gates, and excited state promoted readout. This result shows that the path to larger quantum volume systems requires the simultaneous increase of coherence, control gate fidelities, measurement fidelities, and smarter software which takes into account hardware details, thereby demonstrating the need to continue to co-design the software and hardware stack for the foreseeable future.
Dynamic Simulation of Compressor Station Operation Including Centrifugal Compressor and Gas Turbine (1991)

Dynamic simulation of the operation of a compressor station requires mathematical modeling of the dynamic behavior of the compressor unit and various piping elements. Such models consist of large systems of nonlinear partial differential equations describing the pipe flow together with nonlinear algebraic equations describing the quasi-steady flow through various valves, constrictions, and compressors. In addition, the models also include mathematical descriptions of the control system, which consists of mixed algebraic and ordinary differential (mad) equations with some inequalities representing controllers’ limits. In this paper a numerical technique for the solution of the gas dynamics equations is described, based on the transfer matrix formulation relating the state vector time difference at one side of an element to that on the other side. This approach facilitates incorporation of all element transfer matrices into an overall transfer matrix according to the system geometric connectivity. The paper also presents simulation results and comparison with actual field measurements of three case histories: (1) simulation of a compressor surge protection control process; (2) unit startup; and (3) slow transient of a compressor station responding to changes in the discharge pressure set point. Good agreement between simulation results and field measurements is demonstrated.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induce protein and DNA modifications driving arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty (2009)

Based on our current findings, we suggest that ROS/RNS initiate and sustain the arthrofibrotic response driving aggressive fibroblast proliferation and subsequent HO.
Re: Cellular Uptake and Anticancer Activity of Carboxylated Gallium Corroles (2016)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Nov 2016Re: Cellular Uptake and Anticancer Activity of Carboxylated Gallium Corroles Anthony AtalaMD Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.022AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Cellular Uptake and Anticancer Activity of Carboxylated Gallium Corroles." The Journal of Urology, 196(5), pp. 1584–1585 © 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 196Issue 5November 2016Page: 1584-1585 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...