gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carrots and Sticks: Incentives and Regulations for Herbicide Resistance Management and Changing Behavior (2016)

Although the problem of herbicide resistance is not new, the widespread evolution of glyphosate resistance in weed species such as Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), common waterhemp ( Amaranthus rudis Sauer), and kochia [ Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] raised awareness throughout the agricultural community of herbicide resistance as a problem. Glyphosate-resistant weeds resulted in the loss of a simple, single herbicide option to control a wide spectrum of weeds that gave efficacious and economical weed management in corn ( Zea mays L.), soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops engineered for tolerance to this herbicide and planted over widespread areas of the South and Midwest of the United States. Beyond these crops, glyphosate is used for vegetation management in other cropping systems and in noncrop areas across the United States, and resistance to this herbicide threatens its continued utility in all of these situations. This, combined with the development of multiple herbicide-resistant weeds and the lack of commercialization of herbicides with new mechanisms of action over the past years (Duke 2012), caused the weed science community to realize that stewardship of existing herbicide resources, extending their useful life as long as possible, is imperative. Further, while additional herbicide tolerance traits are being incorporated into crops, weed management in these crops will still be based upon using existing, old, herbicide chemistries.
Systematic Removal of Nondeterminism for Code Generation in I/O Automata (2004)

The Input/Output (I/O) automaton model developed by Lynch and Tuttle models components in asynchronous concurrentsystems as labeled transition systems. IOA is a precise language for describing I/O automata and for stating their properties. A toolset is beingdeveloped for IOA to support distributed software design and implementation. One of the tools consists of a userassisted code generator fromIOA into an imperative programming language such as C or Java. One aspect that distinguishes IOA programs from programs written inimperative languages is the presence of nondeterminism which comesin the form of explicit nondeterministic statements and implicit scheduling choices made during execution. Code generation therefore consistspartially of systematically removing all forms of nondeterminism. In this paper, we describe our approach and design for code generation.We focus on the issue of removing implicit nondeterminism and specify a transformation on IOA programs that makes all nondeterminismexplicit. The programmer can then replace all explicit nondeterminismwith deterministic statements prior to code generation. We also describethis transformation at a semantic level i.e., at the level of the I/O automaton mathematical model. We show that the transformation definedat the IOA level conforms to the one at the semantic level.
ChemInform Abstract: Large‐Scale Synthesis of Enantio‐ and Diastereomerically Pure (R,R)‐Formoterol. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A cognitive filter to stabilize peak positions and widths of a scintillation detector and to determine its material (2014)

A digital filter is presented that adapts automatically to the shape of a nuclear signal to stabilise against temperature induced peak shifting. The filter is called cognitive as it extracts the information about the exponential decays and determines the scintillation material intrinsically. The latter is done with a pole deconvolution approach.Based on the knowledge of the decays, the peak position in the pulse-height spectrum is stabilised due to the relationship between exponential decay and temperature. To achieve this, the peak positions are experimentally acquired within a climate chamber measurement and later fed into a learning artificial neural network. This network has additionally access to the decay times, the temperature and the speed and direction of the temperature. The filter is called every two minutes, automatically collecting a series of 500 suited signals and performing an update of the stabilisation. In tests, the temperature induced peak shifting was corrected within a 0.2% boundary. An additional output result of the filter is the material type of the scintillator. For the most materials, temperature curves are known and the assessment of the exponential decay is shown to lead straightforwardly to a determination of the material. Also the hot plugging of two materials is possible, yielding a recovery time of approximately four minutes for the system to adapt to the new material.
Effect of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 on healing of segmental defects in non-human primates. (1995)

The effect of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 on the healing of segmental bone defects was studied in twenty-eight African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). A 2.0-centimeter osteoperiosteal defect was created in the middle of the ulnar shaft in fourteen animals and in the diaphysis of the tibia in the other fourteen. The ulnar defect was filled with an implant consisting of 1000 micrograms of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 in 400 milligrams of bovine bone-collagen carrier in six animals, with collagen carrier alone in two animals, and with autogenous cancellous bone graft from the contralateral tibia and femur in six animals. The tibial defect was filled with 250, 500 (two tibiae), 1000, or 2000 micrograms of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 in 400 milligrams of collagen carrier in five animals, with collagen carrier alone in one animal, and with autogenous cancellous bone graft in six animals; in the two remaining animals (controls), the tibial defect was left unfilled. The tibial defects were stabilized with an intramedullary Steinmann pin. All animals were killed at twenty weeks postoperatively. Healing of the defects was evaluated with biweekly radiographs, with histological examination, and with mechanical testing. Radiographically, all of the defects that had been treated with recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 exhibited new-bone formation, but they differed in the degree of healing and remodeling. Five of the six ulnae treated with recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 and four of the five tibiae treated with this substance exhibited complete healing at six to eight weeks, with bridging of the defect by new bone first observed at four weeks. The two unhealed defects both exhibited new-bone formation but incomplete union, which precluded mechanical testing. No defect that had been filled with collagen carrier or that had been left unfilled exhibited any signs of healing or major new-bone formation. None of the six ulnae that had been filled with autogenous bone graft exhibited complete healing, compared with five of the six tibiae that had been so treated. Histological evaluation of the defects treated with recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 revealed the formation of new cortices with areas of woven and lamellar bone and normal-appearing marrow elements at twenty weeks postoperatively. The tibial defects that had been treated with autogenous bone graft had a similar appearance. All control ulnar and tibial defects and all ulnar defects that had been treated with autogenous bone graft had fibrous union with little new-bone formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Quantitative P‐31 MR spectroscopy of the liver in alcoholic cirrhosis (1992)

To determine the cause of reduced urea synthesis in cirrhosis, absolute concentrations of phosphorus metabolites in the human liver have been measured in vivo with magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy. One-dimensional chemical shift imaging was used to obtain phosphorus-31 spectra from five healthy volunteers and five patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. A reference standard included in all studies enabled the calculation of absolute concentrations. In contrast to hepatic metabolite ratios, absolute concentrations reveal that in the cirrhotic patients, concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were significantly reduced and concentrations of phosphomonoesters slightly reduced. Intracellular pH was unchanged. Histologic evidence suggests that the amount of ATP per cell was unchanged and could not account for the reduced urea production. Instead, urea synthesis depends on the functional liver cell mass, which was reduced by 31% in alcoholic cirrhosis. Quantitative in vivo P-31 MR spectroscopy of liver has potential clinical applications and can supplement the more generally used P-31 metabolite ratios.
Mechanism of homodimeric cytokine receptor activation and dysregulation by oncogenic mutations (2019)

Mechanism of homodimeric cytokine receptor activation and dysregulation by oncogenic mutations: molecular dynamics simulations files Final structures of the simulated systems, as well as all simulation files (Gromacs 5.1.4 format) and protein structures needed to carry out the simulations in Ref. [1]. The first part of the file name indicates the simulation system according to Table S4 in Ref [1]. Files include: <br> -initial structures and end structures (.pdb and _end.pdb, respectively), <br> -run input files (.tpr)<br> -checkpoint files (.cpt)<br> -simulation parameter files (.mdp)<br> -system topology file (.top)<br> -topology files included in the system topology file (.itp) [1] Wilmes S. et al., Mechanism of homodimeric cytokine receptor activation and<br> dysregulation by oncogenic mutations, Science, 2019. (Submitted)
Fatal falciparum malaria in Canadian travellers. (1997)

The authors report 2 cases of severe falciparum malaria in Canadians that had fatal outcomes. In the first case a man presented to a local hospital shortly after returning from Africa, but a diagnosis of malaria was not considered. He was transferred to a secondary and then to a tertiary care facility, where he subsequently died. Intravenous quinidine therapy, the treatment of choice, was unavailable at all 3 hospitals. In the second case, a woman taking chloroquine prophylaxis while visiting Nigeria developed cerebral malaria and died. These cases illustrate critical management issues: appropriate advice on malaria prevention before departure; consideration of malaria in all febrile people returning from an endemic area; ready access to parenteral therapy for severe malaria in Canadian hospitals; and an increase in awareness of travel medicine among family physicians.
PDMS mixed matrix membranes filled with novel PSS-2 nanoparticles for ethanol/water separation by pervaporation (2016)

The design of functional micro- and mesostructured composite materials is significantly important for separation processes.
New ways of looking at masks with the SHARP EUV microscope (2015)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscopy is invaluable for the development of EUV photomasks, providing detailed information for the creation of new mask processes, and reliable feedback for comparison with printing studies. The SHARP microscope at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is dedicated to photomask research. It was developed with forward-looking specifications that make it well suited to the emulation of current EUV lithography tools and a variety of possible future directions. Some recent examples include (1) the demonstration of imaging with 4x numerical aperture values up to 0.625, measuring patterns with feature sizes down to 30-nm half-pitch, created with a tin-based photoresist serving as the absorber. (2) The emulation of complex, free-form illuminators used in source-mask optimization, including grayscale pupil fills. (3) Point by point phase measurement from aerial image measurements using several techniques. (4) Direct observation of non-telecentric, through-focus imaging effects that arise from the angular-dependence of the mask’s multilayer coating properties. In addition, we are preparing to extend SHARP imaging to include anamorphic optics, an emerging area of EUV lithography research.
[11C]-DPA-713 and [18F]-DPA-714 as New PET Tracers for TSPO: A Comparison with [11C]-(R)-PK11195 in a Rat Model of Herpes Encephalitis (2009)

[(11)C]-DPA-713 may be more suitable for visualizing mild inflammation than [(11)C]-(R)-PK11195. In addition, the fact that [(18)F]-DPA-714 is an agonist PET tracer opens new possibilities to evaluate different aspects of neuroinflammation. Therefore, both tracers warrant further investigation in animal models and in a clinical setting.
Low Temperature Direct Conversion of Methane using a Solid Superacid (2018)

Abstract The direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons and hydrogen can be catalyzed using “superacids”: n CH 4 →C n H m + x H 2 . The first report of catalytic oligomerization of methane using superacids was that of Olah et al., who demonstrated the superacidity of FSO 3 H−SbF 5 , which is a liquid. More recently, Vasireddy et al. showed that gas‐phase HBr/AlBr 3 was an active superacid. The only reported solid superacid for methane oligomerization is sulfated zirconia (SZ). Here, we report a new class of Br‐based solid superacids, AlBr x /H‐ZSM‐5 (“ABZ‐5”, x=1 or 2). ABZ‐5 is based on gas‐phase HBr/AlBr 3 , with the objective of synthesizing a heterogeneous analogue of the gas‐phase superacid HBr/AlBr 3 . The results show that ABZ‐5 is significantly more active than SZ. Perhaps more significantly, results here show methane conversions of ∼1 % at 300 °C using ABZ‐5. By comparison with SZ, 350 °C is the lowest temperature reported in the literature at which measurable conversions are shown, and the corresponding methane conversions were &lt;0.15. Here, we demonstrate direct conversion of methane using a solid superacid catalyst, AlBr x /H‐ZSM‐5. This solid catalyst is synthesized using a vapor‐phase process in which AlBr 3 vapor is grafted on to solid H‐SZM‐5. This catalyst is characterized using NH 3 ‐TPD, XRD, and DRIFTS. Hydrocarbon products observed in the temperature range of 200–400 °C include both C 2 –C 6 hydrocarbons and aromatics.
Kinetic bottleneck to the self-organization of bidisperse hard disk monolayers formed by random sequential adsorption (2002)

We study the self-organization of bidisperse mixtures of hard spheres in two dimensions by simulating random sequential adsorption (RSA) of tethered hard disks that undergo limited Monte Carlo surface diffusion. The tethers place a control on the local entropy of the disks by constraining their movement within a specified distance from their original adsorption positions. By tuning the tether length, from zero (the pure RSA process) to infinity (near-equilibrium conditions), the kinetic pathway to monolayer formation can be varied. Previously [J. J. Gray et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4430 (2000); Langmuir 17, 2317 (2001)], we generated nonequilibrium phase diagrams for size-monodisperse and size-polydisperse hard disks as a function of surface coverage, size distribution, and tether length to reveal the occurrence of hexagonal close-packed, hexatic, and disordered phases. Bidisperse hard disks potentially offer increasingly diverse phase diagrams, with the possible occurrence of spatially and compositionally organized superlattices. Geometric packing calculations anticipate the formation of close-packed lattices in two dimensions for particle size ratios sigma=R(S)/R(L)=0.53, 0.414, and 0.155. The simulations of these systems presented here, however, reveal that RSA kinetics frustrate superlattice ordering, even for infinite tethers. The calculated jamming limits fall well below the minimum surface coverages necessary for stable ordering, as determined by melting simulations.
Core -stateless fair queueing (1998)

Router mechanisms designed to achieve fair bandwidth allocations, like Fair Queueing, have many desirable properties for congestion control in the Internet. However, such mechanisms usually need to maintain state, manage buffers, and/or perform packet scheduling on a per flow basis, and this complexity may prevent them from being cost-effectively implemented and widely deployed. In this paper, we propose an architecture that significantly reduces this implementation complexity yet still achieves approximately fair bandwidth allocations. We apply this approach to an island of routers --- that is, a contiguous region of the network --- and we distinguish between edge routers and core routers. Edge routers maintain per flow state; they estimate the incoming rate of each flow and insert a label into each packet header based on this estimate. Core routers maintain no per flow state; they use FIFO packet scheduling augmented by a probabilistic dropping algorithm that uses the packet labels and an estimate of the aggregate traffic at the router. We call the scheme Core -Stateless Fair Queueing. We present simulations and analysis on the performance of this approach, and discuss an alternate approach.
A Linear Programming Algorithm to Test for Jamming in Hard-Sphere\n Packings (2002)

Jamming in hard-particle packings has been the subject of considerable\ninterest in recent years. In a paper by Torquato and Stillinger [J. Phys. Chem.\nB, 105 (2001)], a classification scheme of jammed packings into hierarchical\ncategories of locally, collectively and strictly jammed configurations has been\nproposed. They suggest that these jamming categories can be tested using\nnumerical algorithms that analyze an equivalent contact network of the packing\nunder applied displacements, but leave the design of such algorithms as a\nfuture task. In this work we present a rigorous and efficient algorithm to\nassess whether a hard-sphere packing is jammed according to the afformentioned\ncategories. The algorithm is based on linear programming and is applicable to\nregular as well as random packings of finite size with hard-wall and periodic\nboundary conditions. If the packing is not jammed, the algorithm yields\nrepresentative multi-particle unjamming motions. We have implemented this\nalgorithm and applied it to ordered lattices as well as random packings of\ndisks and spheres under periodic boundary conditions. Some representative\nresults for ordered and disordered packings are given, but more applications\nare anticipated for the future. One important and interesting result is that\nthe random packings that we tested were strictly jammed in three dimensions,\nbut not in two dimensions. Numerous interactive visualization models are\nprovided on the authors' webpage.\n
Acceleration of Binomial Options Pricing via Parallelizing along time-axis on a GPU (2011)

Since the introduction of organized trading of options for com-modities and equities, computing fair prices for options has been an important problem in financial engineering. A variety of numer-ical methods, including Monte Carlo methods, binomial trees, and
Arthroscopic Treatment of Isolated Type II SLAP Lesions (2009)

Arthroscopic biceps tenodesis can be considered an effective alternative to the repair of a type II SLAP lesion, allowing patients to return to a presurgical level of activity and sports participation. The results of biceps reinsertion are disappointing compared with biceps tenodesis. Furthermore, biceps tenodesis may provide a viable alternative for the salvage of a failed SLAP repair. As the age of the 2 treatment groups differed, these findings should be confirmed by future studies.
Stress reconfigurable tunable magnetoelectric resonators as magnetic sensors (2013)

International audience
The null subject parameter and correlating properties: The case of Creole languages (2008)

The existence of correlations between the positive setting of the Null Subject Parameter and other grammatical properties has recently been called into question (see Newmeyer (2005)). In this paper, I show that the proref → pro - ref correlation appears to be exceptionless and that it follows directly from the theory of pro –drop in Rizzi (1986a). Rizzi (1982) proposes that the availability of Free Inversion is what allows for the lack of that –t effects in pro –drop languages; this, I further show, is empirically untenable. I present data from several Creole languages that suggest that the lack of that –t effects in these languages is related to the availability of null expletive pro . I take the latter to be a sufficient, but not necessary, condition for the lack of that –t effects. I finally discuss the implication of this finding for the parametric model.
Circulating Proenkephalin, Acute Kidney Injury, and Its Improvement in Patients with Severe Sepsis or Shock (2018)

Early measurement and the trajectory of penKid predict incident AKI, improvement of renal function, and the need for RRT in the acute phase after intensive care unit admission during sepsis or septic shock. PenKid measurement may be a valuable tool to test early therapies aimed at preventing the risk of AKI in sepsis.
The Palladium Hydrogen System; Corrosion Monitoring and Energy Production (2013)

Initial efforts to characterize the resistance-loading relationship for hydrogen and its isotopes in palladium lead to a much more intensive examination of this property following the 1989 announcement by Fleischmann and Pons of putative “cold fusion”. Subsequent work lead to an understanding of the loading requirement for the Fleischmann Pons heat effect (FPHE) enabling rationalization of earlier failed attempts to observe this effect.
ChemInform Abstract: The Facts and Hypotheses Relating to the Phenomenological Model of Cellulose Pyrolysis (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Accurate compiling of the hospital discharge records according to clinicians' perception: critical issues and perspectives]. (2019)

the implementation of services, unconnected with evaluation and control processes, dedicated to training and support in the compiling of the hospital discharge records and in the conduction of related epidemiological studies would facilitate the compliance to the compilation. Such services will make tangible the benefits obtainable from this registration system, increasing skills, motivation, ownership, and facilitating greater accuracy in compiling.
Nanoparticle formation from thin film sputtering in low pressure plasmas (2016)

International audience