gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Strategies for Configurational Sulfur Doping of Group IV Semiconductors Grown on Si(100) Using S(MH3)2(M = Si,Ge) Delivery Sources: An Experimental and Theoretical Inquiry (2014)

We report a new doping protocol of pure Ge films grown on Si and related Si/Sn materials based on S delivered from high reactivity hydride molecules S(MH3)2 (M = Si,Ge). The new doping strategy targets next generation semiconductor applications requiring enhanced IR optical performance as well as high-mobility field effect transistors fully integrated with silicon. To explore this paradigm, we first developed a practical and straightforward synthesis approach, which avoids the use of toxic starting materials and yields viable quantities of the title compounds. These were then used to carry out proof-of-concept low-temperature depositions of Ge/Si(100) and GeSn/Si(100) films, doped with “double donor” S atoms for the first time. These systems are characterized using standard materials science techniques via RBS, XTEM, SIMS, and XRD for structure, composition, and crystallinity, and their electrical properties are measured by the Hall method. Thermally robust dopant levels <1018 are systematically obtained using a range of process protocols, which can be further optimized for practical applications. Complementary first-principles density functional theory simulations were then used to study the stability and strain associated with the incorporation of S within the parent lattice as molecular fragments such as Ge–S–Ge, Ge–S, Si–S–Si, and Si–S derived from the S(SiH3)2 and S(GeH3)2 molecular sources. Completely incorporated Ge–S–Ge or Ge–S units in Ge in which S resides in either substitutional (tetrahedral) or near-substitutional (3-coordinate) sites are predicted to be strongly bound (−2.36 eV and −1.49 eV, respectively) relative to interstitial S and isolated Ge vacancies, while the corresponding binding in Si–S–Si and Si–S analogs is slightly enhanced. By considering the induced lattice strain, binding energy, and the structural accommodation of molecular core bonds, plausible defect-clusters are identified and tentatively used to correlate sulfur concentrations and carrier concentrations trends. In the case of the S(GeH3)2 grown films, a mixture of deep and shallow donor centers must be invoked to account for the observed carrier concentration enhancement.
Laser-enhanced ionization detection of trace copper in high salt matrices (1987)

Laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) is used to determine trace levels of metals in high salt matrices, an analysis that is difficult by conventional methods. Copper is presented in detail to demonstrate the capability of the method. Three-dimensional spectra of the stepwise excitation of copper are presented which illustrate the one photon, stepwise, and two-photon transitions. Seven copper transitions have been studied for analytical utility, and detection limits have been determined for each. Ionization interferences were accommodated by both matrix matching and separation of the interferences using ion exchange resin. Absolute determinations at the 0.05-ng level are possible with the use of a Teflon microsampling cup for low volume quantitative analysis. In addition to copper, silver, cobalt, iron, and nickel have been detected within the same dye tuning range. Twelve new LEI transitions have been identified for these elements along with detection limits.
Pervasive Energy Monitoring and Control Through Low-Bandwidth Power Line Communication (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing rapidly, with increasingly sophisticated networking, sensing, and actuation functions embedded into everyday devices. One important IoT application is managing a building's energy usage by monitoring and controlling its electrical devices. Many existing IoT-enabled devices operate through low-cost and convenient power line networks, using protocols such as X10 and Insteon for communication. However, as these technologies have traditionally targeted low-bandwidth device control, they are often not readily suited to higher bandwidth uses such as continuous energy monitoring. In this paper, we consider the challenge of leveraging existing low-bandwidth power line communication networks for energy monitoring, and present several techniques that enable reliable and high-resolution monitoring in such networks. As a case study, we consider the popular Insteon protocol and show that intelligent polling and event detection methods can reduce the bandwidth requirements and undetected power events in a realworld Insteon network by 50% or more versus naive methods. Our techniques have been employed in a real IoT-enabled smart home, which has collected much of the data publicly released in the UMass Smart* energy dataset.
An empirical analysis of database recovery costs (2014)

The time required for recovery from a failure is heavily influenced by hardware setup and workload characteristics. In bad but still realistic cases, the recovery required during restart can take hours. For a database system based on write-ahead logging, we performed a qualitative study of how hardware and software configurations affect the behavior of the database and, consequently, how this behavior affects recovery time after a system crash. With the relevant parameters identified in the qualitative study, we performed an empirical quantitative analysis of recovery costs in multiple scenarios. We show that recovery costs tend to get worse as hardware and software improve in efficiency, and we discuss possible approaches to make recovery time independent of system configurations and workload characteristics.
SPECT Imaging of Joint Inflammation with Nanobodies Targeting the Macrophage Mannose Receptor in a Mouse Model for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2013)

Our data show that MMR is expressed on macrophages in vitro and in vivo in synovial fluid of inflamed paws, whereas expression is relatively low in other tissues. The use of Nanobodies against MMR in SPECT/micro-CT imaging generates the possibility to track inflammatory cells in vivo in arthritic joints.
Hypersonic Attenuation in Antimony-Doped Germanium and Its Magnetic Field Dependence (1976)

The temperature and magnetic-field dependence of hypersonic attenuation in Sb-doped Ge is measured at liquid He temperatures. It is found that (1) the temperature dependence of attenuation in a sample with 1×10 16 Sb atoms/cm 3 is quantitatively explained by the simple relaxation formula; (2) the attenuation is anomalously large in a sample with 1×10 15 /cm 3 Sb atoms; (3) the attenuation shows maxima as a function of magnetic field and this behavior cannot be explained by existing theories even when the Zeeman effect and internal stresses are taken into account.
Frequency-Agile Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Alumina Dielectrics for Inorganic and Organic Electronics Enhanced by Fluoride Doping (2020)

The frequency-dependent capacitance of low-temperature solution-processed metal oxide (MO) dielectrics typically yields unreliable and unstable thin-film transistor (TFT) performance metrics, which hinders the development of next-generation roll-to-roll MO electronics and obscures intercomparisons between processing methodologies. Here, capacitance values stable over a wide frequency range are achieved in low-temperature combustion-synthesized aluminum oxide (AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) dielectric films by fluoride doping. For an optimal F incorporation of ∼3.7 atomic % F, the F:AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub> film capacitance of 166 ± 11 nF/cm<sup>2</sup> is stable over a 10<sup>-1</sup>-10<sup>4</sup> Hz frequency range, far more stable than that of neat AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub> films (capacitance = 336 ± 201 nF/cm<sup>2</sup>) which falls from 781 ± 85 nF/cm<sup>2</sup> to 104 ± 4 nF/cm<sup>2</sup> over this frequency range. Importantly, both n-type/inorganic and p-type/organic TFTs exhibit reliable electrical characteristics with minimum hysteresis when employing the F:AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub> dielectric with ∼3.7 atomic % F. Systematic characterization of film microstructural/compositional and electronic/dielectric properties by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectrometry, cross-section transmission electron microscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy reveal that fluoride doping generates AlOF, which strongly reduces the mobile hydrogen content, suppressing polarization mechanisms at low frequencies. Thus, this work provides a broadly applicable anion doping strategy for the realization of high-performance solution-processed metal oxide dielectrics for both organic and inorganic electronics applications.
WAY-131256 is an orally active, efficacious, and in vivo functionally selective M1 agonist (1997)

Computer modeling of carbachol docked in the human m1 receptor binding pocket has been used to discover a series of carbamate and thiocarbamate chiral, conformationally restricted analogues of carbachol based on azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ol. These molecules have been evaluated for affinity and efficacy at human muscarinic receptors (m1–m5) transfected into a CHO cell line. None of these compounds was selective in binding. Thiocarbamate analogues had greater affinity for the m1 receptor subtype, but lower efficacy based on comparison of their ability to induce phosphoinositide (PI) turnover. Carbamate analogues had lower affinity for m1 receptors than thiocarbamates and varied in efficacy from 10% to 100% of the carbachol response in phosphoinositide (PI) turnover. One of these analogues 3S,4R-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-methylcarbamate, WAY-131256, (VI) has been characterized as an m1/m2 agonist in vitro. (VI) was equi-efficacious to the standard m1 agonist, xanomeline (Phase III) in vivo in a scopolamine-impaired radial arm maze paradigm (MED 1 mg/kg, 5.88 mmol/kg for VI and MED 1 mg/kg, 3.55 mmoles/kg for xanomeline) and was approximately equal to xanomeline in an AF64A-impaired radial arm maze paradigm. Despite its lack of m1 selectivity in vitro, in vivo experiments on (VI) indicated no significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate at 10 mg/kg (58.78 mmol/kg) (i.p.), and no peripheral side effects attributed to stimulation of either the m2 or m3 receptors (salivation, lacrimation, and chromodacryorrhea) up to doses of 30 mg/kg, 176.2 mmol/kg. These results may be explained by different receptor densities in various brain regions not accounted for in a transfected cell line or by metabolism of (VI) to a m1 selective agonist in vivo. Drug Dev. Res. 40:185–192, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive detection of ctDNA variants at 0.1% allelic frequency using a broad targeted NGS panel for liquid biopsy research. (2017)

e23065 Background: Advances in non-invasive tumor biomarker research have shown that tumor cells release fragments of DNA called circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) into peripheral blood. Somatic mutations representing the tumors could be successfully detected from isolated ctDNA, providing new potential for tumor sample assessment in addition to traditional tissue biopsy methods. However, the low amount of ctDNA in the blood, which can be less than 1% allelic frequency, presents significant challenges for reliable variant detection with NGS assays. Improvement of sequencing accuracy at low allelic frequency is a critical factor in the implementation of NGS in ctDNA liquid biopsy research. Methods: We demonstrate the technical feasibility for a sample-to-variant NGS workflow that utilizes a broad multi-gene panel to survey a comprehensive list of variants relevant to multiple tumor types for liquid biopsy research. The method includes novel library preparation and analysis reporting for Ion Torrent™ sequencing platforms. 20ng of input cell-free DNA was subjected to the library generation protocol. Prepared libraries were templated on Ion Chef™ and sequenced on Ion S5™. Results: We successfully optimized an NGS workflow that enables the simultaneous examination of more than 360 driver and resistance hotspot mutations in a single-pool assay panel, achieving high sensitivity and specificity with limit of detection at 0.1% allelic frequency. The targeted regions span genes and variants relevant to multiple tumor types for comprehensive variant detection across high-value content reviewed by industry experts and researchers. Sequencing on the Ion S5™ delivered &gt; 95% on-target reads and uniform amplification across targeted regions with deep sequencing depth ( &gt; 40,000x). The workflow is compatible with single or multiple pooled samples on Ion Torrent™ sequencing chips. Conclusions: We demonstrate the ability to accurately detect high-value variants implicated in multiple tumors at 0.1% allelic frequency on Ion Torrent™ NGS. (For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.)
Reconstruction of nonperiodic two-dimensional signals from zero crossings (1987)

In this correspondence, we present new results on the reconstruction of two-dimensional signals from zero crossing or threshold crossing information. Specifically, we develop new theoretical results which state conditions under which two-dimensional bandlimited signals are uniquely specified to within a scale factor with this information. Unlike previous results in this area, our new results do not constrain the signals to be periodic or bandpass.
Analysis of the adult thymus in reconstitution of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection (1999)

Immunohistological analysis of the thymus in HIV infection. (a-d) Thymus from HIV-1+ patient no. 1 with no thymopoiesis. (e-h) Thymus from HIV-1 + patient no. 2 with areas of active thymopoiesis. (a) Hematoxylin and eosin stain of patient no. 1's lymphoid thymus. 13. (b) A similar area as in a, with thymic epithelium in immunohistological analysis reactive with antikeratin antibody (brown central areas). All keratin + thymic epithelium (e) in the true thymus is collapsed (dark brown areas) and devoid of lymphocytes, with a surrounding infiltrate of blue mononuclear cells present in the thymic perivascular space (P). 13. (c) Immunohistological stain of CD8 + T cells (brown cells; see arrows for examples) in the perivascular space (P) around a central empty thymic epithelial island (e). The dotted line surrounds thymic true epithelial thymus areas (e), and the short arrow points out a rare CD8 + T cell within the true epithelial thymus (e). 66. (d) Many of the perivascular space (P) CD8 + cells are reactive with MAB TIA-1 (arrows) and therefore are mature effector cytotoxic T cells. 66. e-h are from patient no. 2's thymus. 33. (e) Light microscopic view of patient no. 2's thymus (hematoxylin and eosin stain with a Hassall's body [h] in the thymus medulla). (f) Immunohistological analysis with antikeratin antibody, with areas of normal-appearing keratin + thymic epithelium (brown areas) filled with lymphocytes (blue areas) intermingled with thymic epithelium (arrows). Most developing thymocytes are CD3 + T cells (arrows in g), many of which are normal CD1a + cortical thymocytes (brown cells, arrows in h). A subset of these CD1a + , CD3 + immature thymocytes were actively dividing as determined by nuclear reactivity with MAB mib-1 (not shown). MAB, monoclonal antibody.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Regulation of the Embryonic Morphogen Nodal by Notch4 Facilitates Manifestation of the Aggressive Melanoma Phenotype (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Regulation of the Embryonic Morphogen Nodal by Notch4 Facilitates Manifestation of the Aggressive Melanoma Phenotype
Optical design and performance of the SuperCam instrument for the Perseverance rover (2021)

On the 30th of July 2020, NASA launched the Mars2020 mission. This mission, very similar to Mars Science Laboratory, consists in landing the Perseverance rover on the Martian surface in order to characterize the geology and history of Jezero Crater landing site, investigate Mars habitability, seek potential bio-signatures, cache samples for a future return to Earth, and demonstrate in-situ production of oxygen needed for human exploration. The SuperCam instrument, an improved version of the ChemCam instrument on Curiosity rover, implements a remote micro-scale characterization of the mineralogy and elemental chemistry of the Mars surface, along with the search for extant organic materials. In addition to the elemental characterization offered by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence Spectroscopy (TRR/L) and visible-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR) have been added for a complete mineralogical characterization of the samples. LIBS and TRR/L techniques will be exercised from the Rover calibration targets (1.5 m range) up to 7 m, whereas VISIR spectroscopy can be used on targets up to the horizon. A context color imagery capability is also implemented to place the analyzed samples in their geological context. A microphone allows recording aeolian phenomena, rover noises and the shock waves produced by the laser blasts on target up to 4 meters. SuperCam consists of three units: the Body Unit built by the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the US, the Mast Unit built by a French consortium of 6 laboratories and CNES, and the Calibration Target Unit led by the University of Valladolid in Spain.
Scaling Relations for Autothermal Operation of Catalytic Reactors (2021)

Autothermal operation (AO) has several advantages for carrying out highly exothermic catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) and/or oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reactions compared to traditional cooled multitubular reactors. In steady-state autothermal operation (AO), there is no heat addition to the reactor or intentional heat removal by cooling through reactor walls; the heat of reaction is removed mainly by convective flow of the cold feed. The existence of an ignited high temperature (and conversion) state at the lowest possible feed temperature and/or space time is essential. This work examines the impact of various design and operating variables on the feasibility and economic scale-up of shallow packed-bed catalytic reactors for autothermal operation. Specifically, we present scaling relations that can be used to examine the impact of effective bed thermal conductivity, bed length, particle size, catalyst activity, reaction kinetics, and operating pressure on the extinction (blow-out) flow rate or feed temperature for large scale autothermal CPO and ODH reactors operated close to the adiabatic limit. The scale-up relations derived for a single-step CPO/ODH reaction are verified by numerical simulations. They are also validated using the highly complex oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) as an example.
Architecture and Experimental Evaluation of a 10Gb/s MLSD-Based Transceiver for Multimode Optical Fibers (2008)

In this paper we present the architecture and experimental evaluation of a single-chip CMOS maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) transceiver for electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) of multimode optical fibers (MMF) at 10 Gb/s data rate. The primary application of this transceiver is the 10 GBASE-LRM standard for 10 Gb/s Ethernet over MMF [1]. Application to single-mode fiber (SMF) channels and/or other standards is also possible. Both optical module and line card applications are discussed. The architecture of the receiver is discussed in considerable depth, including implementation details. Extensive experimental results on several channels are presented. For the precursor, postcursor, and symmetric stressors specified by the 10 GBASE-LRM standard we demonstrate receiver sensitivities of -14.84 dBm, -14.37 dBm, and -13.68 dBm, respectively, in a line card application with 6 inches of electrical interconnect These sensitivities exceed the requirements of the standard by 8.34 dBo, 7.87 dBo, and 7.68 dBo', respectively. Measured results on industry defined worst-case fibers and on nonstationary channels such as the dynamic stressor defined by the 10 GBASE-LRM standard are also presented.
Refined severity assessment of asthmatic children using molecular allergy diagnostics (2013)

Introduction: Allergy to furry animals is a risk factor for asthma and is associated with asthma severity. A major step forward in the diagnostic work-up is the introduction of molecular allergology. We compared sensitization to individual allergen components from furry animals in children with severe and controlled asthma. Methods: Children with a positive ImmunoCAP towards any furry animal (cat, dog or horse) were recruited from a Nationwide Swedish study on severe childhood asthma. Severe (n=37, age 12.9 years) and controlled (n=28, age 13.9 years) asthmatics underwent assessment of allergic sensitization by ImmunoCap and Immunosolid-phase allergen chip (ISAC). In addition, Asthma control test, spirometry and a methacholine challenge were performed. Results: Children with severe asthma had lower asthma control (p&lt;0.001) and FEV1 (p&lt;0.001) and more bronchial hyperreactivity (p=0.004) in spite of high doses of inhaled steroids (&gt; 800ug budesonide). Using ImmunoCAP, severe asthmatics had increased levels of IgE antibodies towards cat (p=0.03), dog (p=0.01) and horse (p=0.01). Results from ISAC are presented in Table 1. IgE levels towards Equ c 1 correlated with Asthma control (r=-0.41, p=0.04). Multisensitization towards ≥3 lipocalin allergens (Fel d 4, Can f 1, Can f 3, Equ c 1) was more common in severe asthma (30% vs. 4%, p=0.007). Conclusion: Higher sIgE levels and a more complex molecular spreading of allergen components were observed for children with severe allergic asthma. Table 1 Allergen Severe asthma (%) Controlled asthma (%) p-value Fel d 1 89 86 0.67 Fel d 2 3 4 0.84 Fel d 4 38 21 0.16 Can f 1 30 25 0.67 Can f 2 22 0 &lt;0.001 Can f 3 8 7 0.89 Can f 5 38 18 0.08 Equ c 1 51 25 0.03 Equ c 3 5 4 0.73
Nicotinic Antagonist Augmentation of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Refractory Major Depressive Disorder (2008)

These preliminary findings suggest that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, MEC, may have utility as an augmentation strategy for patients with SSRI-refractory MDD.
Fungal metabolites as lead structures for agriculture (2007)

In order to meet an increasing food and feed demand for a rising human population agricultural production must be increased, in which crop protection plays a key role. For many decades this field has been the domain of inorganic and synthetic organic chemistry. Many pests could be effectively controlled but high toxicity for humans and non-target organisms as well as in some cases a prolonged persistence in the environment, have made a search for less toxic and more environmentally safe compounds mandatory. The emergence of resistant pathogens, especially fungi, has added to the problem making an intensive search for agrochemicals with new target sites necessary. Today, the standards to be met by new agrochemicals are very high, especially with regard to efficiency and ecological safety. The price has to be competitive and, in general, much lower compared to pharmaceutical compounds. In addition, the active ingredients have to be produced in very large quantities. In 2004, 85 000 tons of agrochemicals were produced in Germany, among them 37 000 tons of fungicides (Hübenthal, 2005).
Conditions for rate stability in constrained RFID networks (2018)

RFID networks are subject to constraints derived from the interference caused by concurrent readers' operation. In this paper we discuss a general approach to decide whether a given system load produces stable operation, that is, if queue backlogs do not grow indefinitely. We assume that the RFID network operates in a time-slotted fashion, where traffic arrives as tag batches to RFID cells. The service rate (necessary to determine stability regions) of a RFID cell, given the batch size distribution and any arbitrary FSA policy is computed by simulation. This framework is illustrated with several examples.