gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle removal with a pulsed laser: thermoelastic transient surface acceleration simulations for analyzing edge effects (2002)

Abstract Damage-free removal of nanoparticles and thin films from substrates is a critical requirement in micro- and nano-manufacturing. In laser cleaning, particles are removed by application of inertial forces at the particles attached to a substrate by means of surface acceleration. While the technique is promising, experimental results indicate that damage can occur in the process due to high levels of fluence. Potential damage mechanisms include surface breakage, interferometric interactions due to bumps/surface features, diffraction related focusing, micro-cracks, and peeling of top layers. To reduce and/or eliminate damage risk by avoiding excessive heat deposition, the absolute acceleration requirement must be well understood and accurately modeled. In the current work, a set of transient simulations for the thermoelastic response has been conducted to determine the surface acceleration vector and temperature elevation under a nanosecond pulsed-laser. It is known that in nanoparticle removal rolling motion-based removal requires the least amount of acceleration. The distribution of the acceleration field on the surface of a half-space is obtained. The magnitude of a jump in the radial acceleration component at the boundary of the irradiated area and the dark zone is determined, and its use in nanoparticle removal has been discussed and demonstrated. Preliminary experimental data for a novel removal method based on this acceleration localization is presented and discussed. Keywords: Laser cleaningparticle removalnanoparticleslaser ultrasonicslaser cleaningmicromanufacturingnano-manufacturing.
Quantitation of ethanol in UTI assay for volatile organic compound detection by electronic nose using the validated headspace GC-MS method (2022)

Disease detection through gas analysis has long been the topic of many studies because of its potential as a rapid diagnostic technique. In particular, the pathogens that cause urinary tract infection (UTI) have been shown to generate different profiles of volatile organic compounds, thus enabling the discrimination of causative agents using an electronic nose. While past studies have performed data collection on either agar culture or jellified urine culture, this study measures the headspace volume of liquid urine culture samples. Evaporation of the liquid and the presence of background compounds during electronic nose (e-nose) device operation could introduce variability to the collected data. Therefore, a headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantitating ethanol in the headspace of the urine samples. By leveraging the new method to characterize the sample stability during e-nose measurement, it was revealed that ethanol concentration dropped more than 15% after only three measurement cycles, which equal 30 minutes for this study. It was further shown that by using only data within the first three cycles, better accuracies for between-day classification were achieved, which was 73.7% and 97.0%, compared to using data from within the first nine cycles, which resulted in 65.0% and 81.1% accuracies. Therefore, the newly developed method provides better quality control for data collection, paving ways for the future establishment of a training data library for UTI.
Gapped Quantum Systems: From Higher Dimensional Lieb-Schultz-Mattis to the Quantum Hall Effect (2021)

We consider many-body quantum systems on a finite lattice, where the Hilbert space is the tensor product of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces associated with each site, and where the Hamiltonian of the system is a sum of local terms. We are interested in proving uniform bounds on various properties as the size of the lattice tends to infinity. An important case is when there is a spectral gap between the lowest state(s) and the rest of the spectrum which persists in this limit, corresponding to what physicists call a ``phase of matter". Here, the combination of elementary Fourier analysis with the technique of Lieb-Robinson bounds (bounds on the velocity of propagation) is surprisingly powerful. We use this to prove exponential decay of connected correlation functions, a higher-dimensional Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem, and a Hall conductance quantization theorem for interacting electrons with disorder.
Estimating MOSFET Leakage from Low-cost, Low-resolution Fast Parametric Test (2009)

A method of estimating the subthershold component of MOSFET off-state current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">offs</sub> ) using low-cost, low-resolution fast parallel parametric test is introduced. This method measures the subthreshold slope and uses it to estimate I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">offs</sub> . Measurements of individual transistors show a very good agreement between measured I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">offs</sub> and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">offs</sub> estimated using our approach. For a simple pad-efficient transistor array test-structure, where unselected devices can add additional noise to the subthreshold measurements, the sum of extracted I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">offs</sub> for all transistors in an array is strongly correlated to the measured array I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">offs</sub> , even though it does not match the measured array I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">offs</sub> . The strong correlation is used to derive calibration factors which are then used to estimate individual transistor I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">offs</sub> from array test structures. This allows statistical characterization of transistor leakage during volume production with minimal test time overhead. The applications of statistical off-state leakage characterization to diagnose IDDQ yield problems during production are also described.
Identification and Isolation of Surface-Exposed Portions of the Major Outer Membrane Protein ofChlamydia Trachomatisby Two-Dimensional Peptide Mapping and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1985)

Abstract In this study, we use high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to isolate surface-peptides of the Chlamydia trachomatis serotype G major outer membrane protein (G-MOMP). The HPLC elution profile was compared with that of peptides of the G-MOMP which was iodinated with chloro-T. Two-dimensional peptide mapping of chloro-T 125I-labeled, surface-labeled peptides, and HPLC-isolated surface-peptides was then used to correlate HPLC-separated peptides with the 2-D maps of the G-MOMP. Results demonstrated that a 2-D-separated surface-peptide that had no apparent corresponding peptide in the 2-D chloro-T map was indeed present in the chloro-T labeled G-MOMP preparation, but at very low relative intensity, and that HPLC can be used to isolate surface-exposed regions of OM proteins for further immunological and structural studies.
ACCURATE ACETABULAR CUP PLACEMENT IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: COMPARISON OF AN OPTICAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM AND INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT (2019)

Introduction Component positioning is of great importance in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and navigation systems can help guide surgeons in the optimal placement of the implants. We report on a new...
A Cyber Threat Mitigation Approach For Wide Area Control of SVCs using Stability Monitoring (2021)

We propose a stability monitoring approach for the mitigation of cyber threats directed at the wide area control (WAC) system used for coordinated control of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) used for power oscillation damping (POD) of active power flow on inter-area tie lines. The approach involves monitoring the modes of the active power oscillation on an inter-area tie line using the Matrix Pencil (MP) method. We use the stability characteristics of the observed modes as a proxy for the presence of destabilizing cyber threats. We monitor the system modes to determine whether any destabilizing modes appear after the WAC system engages to control the POD. If the WAC signal exacerbates the POD performance, the FACTS falls back to POD using local measurements. The proposed approach does not require an expansive system-wide view of the network. We simulate replay, control integrity, and timing attacks for a test system and present results that demonstrate the performance of the SM approach for mitigation.
Versatile apparatus for attosecond metrology and spectroscopy (2010)

We present the AS-2 Attosecond Beamline at the Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Physics of the Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität for time resolved pump/probe experiments with attosecond resolution. High harmonic generation and subsequent filtering of the generated extreme ultraviolet (XUV) continuum by means of metal filters and XUV multilayer mirrors serve for the generation of isolated attosecond laser pulses. After high harmonic generation, the remaining fundamental laser pulse is spatially separated from the attosecond XUV pulse, to what is to our knowledge for the first time, by means of a perforated mirror in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Active stabilization of this interferometer guarantees the necessary temporal resolution for tracking attosecond dynamics in real time. As a proof-of-principle, photoelectron streaking experiments are performed and experimental techniques for their realization are summarized. Finally we highlight the potential of the presented beamline system for future experiments in comparison with previously demonstrated attosecond beamlines.
Bacterial sterol surrogates. Biosynthesis of the side-chain of bacteriohopanetetrol and of a carbocyclic pseudopentose from 13C-labelled glucose in Zymomonas mobilis (1989)

Incorporation of 13C-labelled glucose into the triterpenoids of the hopane series of Zymomonas mobilis confirmed the following: (i) a D-ribose derivative is the precursor of the side-chain of bacteriohopanetetrol; (ii) the skeleton of a novel carbocyclic pentofuranose analogue derives from a hexose by formation of a carbon–carbon bond between C(1) and C(5); (iii) isoprenic units are not synthesized via direct incorporation of simple glucose catabolites into the isoprenoid biosynthesis.
Closed-form expressions for the gain in three- and four-level laser fibers (1990)

Exact and approximate theoretical models of the small-signal single-pass gain in single-mode three-level laser fibers are presented. These models are relevant to the behavior of rare-earth-doped (in particular Er/sup 3+/) silica-based fibers. They account for the effects of both the pump and signal-mode structures and pump excited-state absorption (ESA), the latter being present for some pump wavelengths in Er-doped silica fibers. By relying on the modal overlap integral formalism for four-level lasers, relatively simple closed-form expressions for the pump absorption and the gain are derived. These expressions are also applicable to four level laser fibers by a simple adjustment of some of the model parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Experimental Analysis of Public Goods Provision Mechanisms with and without Unanimity (1986)

The paper reports on an experimental investigation of four methods of allocating public goods. The two basic processes studied are direct contribution and a public goods auction process. Both of these processes are studied with and without an additional unanimity feature. The results suggest that the auction process outperforms direct contribution. The effect of unanimity is to decrease the efficiency of both processes. Much of the paper is focused on an analysis of these results.
Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTPolymer Chemistry: An IntroductionG. Allan Stahl Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 8, A248Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1982Published inissue 1 August 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ed059pA248.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
New Types of Potentially Antimalarial Agents: Epidioxy‐substituted norditerpene and norsesterpenes from the marine sponge Diacarnus levii (1998)

Abstract Natural free carboxylic acids from the hadromerid sponge Diacarnus levii (Kelly‐Borges and Vacelet) were esterified to yield the new cyclic norditerpene peroxides ent ‐muqubilin benzyl ester (= (α R ,3 S ,6 R )‐α,6‐dimethyl‐6‐[( E )‐4‐methyl‐6‐(2,6,6‐trimethyl‐cyclohex‐1‐en‐1‐yl)hex‐3‐enyl]‐1,2‐dioxan‐3‐acetic acid benzyl ester; 6 , diacarnoate B methyl ester(= (α S ,3 R ,6 R )‐α,6‐dimethyl‐6‐{2‐(4a S ,8a S )‐3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydro‐3‐oxo‐2,5,5,8a‐tetramethylnaphthalen‐1‐yl)ethyl}‐1,2‐dioxan‐3‐acetic acid methyl ester; 9 ), and deoxydiacarnoate B benzyl ester (= (α S ,3 R ,6 R )‐α,6‐dimethyl‐6‐{2‐[(4a S ,8a S )‐3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydro‐2,5,5,8a‐tetramethyl‐1‐naphthalenyl]ethyl}‐1,2‐dioxan‐3‐acetic acid benzyl ester; 10 ), which were isolated following extensive chromatography. The relative configuration of the peroxide/α‐methylacetate moiety of 6 , 9 , and 10 , was directly determined from their NMR spectra. The absolute configurations of the peroxide/α‐methylacetate moiety was deduced from comparative 1 H‐NMR data of the ( S )‐ and ( R )‐phenylglycine methyl ester derivatives 7 and 8 as well as 11 / 13 and 12 / 14 , all obtained from a mixture of the precursors of 3 , 6 , and 10 . The absolute configuration at the carbobicyclic moiety of enone 9 and of 10 , is identical, as established by chemical interconversion, 9 and 10 belong to the normal labdane series according to empirical CD rules, applied either directly to 9 or to the parent (+)‐sclareolide‐derived enone 20 . In contrast, molar rotation additivity rules suggest the ent ‐labdane configuration for 9 and 10 . The epidioxides 1 – 3 , 6 , and 10 proved active in vitro against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum ; especially the previously isolated methyl 3‐epinuapapuanoate ( 2 ) was active against a chloroquine‐resistant strain, and this with a good security index.
Supplementary Figure 4. from Low-Dose Paclitaxel Reduces S100A4 Nuclear Import to Inhibit Invasion and Hematogenous Metastasis of Cholangiocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4. Low dose PTX did not affect Rac-1 GTP levels, while it reduced the MT1-MMP membrane expression.&lt;/p&gt;
<strong>Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Furoxan Derivatives Against Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis</strong> (2016)

Tuberculosis remains a serious health problem responsible to cause millions of deaths annually. The scenario becomes alarming when it is evaluated that the number of new drugs does not increase proportionally to the emergence of resistance to the current therapy. Furoxan derivatives, known as nitric oxide donors, have been described to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antitubercular. Herein, a novel series of twelve hybrid furoxanyl (1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-N-oxide) derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA) method. The furoxan derivatives have exhibited MIC90 values ranging from 1.03 to 62 &micro;M. For most active compounds, the selectivity index ranged from 3.78 &ndash; 52.74 (MRC-5) and 1.25 &ndash; 34.78 (J774A.1). Furthermore, these most active compounds were also evaluated against a clinically isolated multi-drug resistant strain (isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and etambutol) and exhibited MIC90 values ranging from 1.44 to 5.63 &micro;M. The MIC90 values of the four selected compounds were greater than several first and second line antitubercular drugs, such as ethambutol (2.4 &micro;M), pyrazinamide (&gt;48 &micro;M), cycloserine (245 &micro;M) and kanamycin (3.4 &micro;M). In addition for those compounds, values of logPo/w&nbsp;vary between 2.1 &ndash; 2.9, reaching the optimal range for oral administration. The amount of nitric oxide (NO) released was indirectly detected by Griess reaction through the measurement of nitrites in the medium. All compounds were able to release NO at levels ranging from 0.16 &ndash; 44.23%. Among the series, the phenylsulfonylfuroxan derivatives were the best NO-donor with the lowest MIC90 values. The most active compound was also stable at different pHs in a chemical stability study (5.0 and 7.4). In conclusion, furoxan derivatives were identified as new promising compounds useful to treat sensitive and resistant tuberculosis. Currently, metabolomics and transcriptome analysis are underway in order to elucidate the possible mechanism of action of these compounds as well as an antitubercular activity study in vivo for the most potent furoxan derivative.
Conservation of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in Yellowstone National Park: A Case Study (2009)

The Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT; Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri ) has become a species of special concern for Yellowstone National Park (YNP) fisheries biologists. Although this subspecies formerly occupied a greater area than any other inland cutthroat trout, the current distribution of YCT is now limited to several watersheds within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Increased angling pressure, whirling disease, and the introduction of nonnative lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) threaten the sustainability of cutthroat trout within YNP. Biologists believe these factors could result in a 70% decline in YCT abundance in Yellowstone Lake over the next 100 years if no management actions are taken. Therefore, management strategies have been developed to minimize the effects of these stressors, but some of the native YCT populations are still in jeopardy of extirpation within YNP. This case study was developed to provide instructors with an example of management and conservation issues that are common among many ecosystems within the United States. Additional resources (i.e., internet sources, classroom activities, and discussion questions) are provided that teachers can use to facilitate discussion among their students.
Structure and Function of the Sterol Carrier Protein-2 N-Terminal Presequence (2008)

Although sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) is encoded as a precursor protein (proSCP-2), little is known regarding the structure and function of the 20-amino acid N-terminal presequence. As shown herein, the presequence contains significant secondary structure and alters SCP-2: (i) secondary structure (CD), (ii) tertiary structure (aqueous exposure of Trp shown by UV absorbance, fluorescence, and fluorescence quenching), (iii) ligand binding site [Trp response to ligands, peptide cross-linked by photoactivatable free cholesterol (FCBP)], (iv) selectivity for interaction with anionic phospholipid-rich membranes, (v) interaction with a peroxisomal import protein [FRET studies of Pex5p(C) binding], the N-terminal presequence increased SCP-2's affinity for Pex5p(C) by 10-fold, and (vi) intracellular targeting in living and fixed cells (confocal microscopy). Nearly 5-fold more SCP-2 than proSCP-2 colocalized with plasma membrane lipid rafts and caveolae (AF488-CTB); 2.8-fold more SCP-2 than proSCP-2 colocalized with a mitochondrial marker (Mitotracker), but nearly 2-fold less SCP-2 than proSCP-2 colocalized with peroxisomes (AF488 antibody to PMP70). These data indicate the importance of the N-terminal presequence in regulating SCP-2 structure, cholesterol localization within the ligand binding site, membrane association, and, potentially, intracellular targeting.
Increased Left Atrial Volume Index is an Independent Predictor of Raised Serum Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Suspected Heart Failure but Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Implication for Diagnosis of Diastolic Heart Failure (2005)

This data confirms that LAVI on resting echocardiography, specifically in patients with suspected HF and normal LV systolic function is a powerful independent predictor of LV diastolic dysfunction as predicted by serum NTproBNP. In a population with a high suspicion of diastolic heart failure, LAVI may significantly contribute to diagnostic precision.
Toxicity in mice expressing short hairpin RNAs gives new insight into RNAi (2006)

Short hairpin RNAs can provide stable gene silencing via RNA interference. Recent studies have shown toxicity in vivo that appears to be related to saturation of the endogenous microRNA pathway. Will these findings limit the therapeutic use of such hairpins?
Is head injury caused by linear or angular acceleration (2003)

Currently, angular acceleration is believed to be more damaging to the brain than linear acceleration, even though both are present in any head impact. In a recent experiment, it was found that a helmeted head sustained the same degree of angular acceleration as the unhelmeted head for the same impact, but its linear acceleration was decreased significantly. So, if angular acceleration is the cause of brain injury, then how is the brain protected by the helmet? This paper proposes a new hypothesis of brain injury and suggests that input acceleration limits should be replaced by response variables.
Colonic immune cells in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2017)

Mast cells and CD3<sup>+</sup> T cells are increased in colonic biopsies of patients with IBS vs non-inflamed controls. These changes are segmental and sometimes IBS-subtype dependent. The diagnostic value of the quantification of colonic mucosal cells in IBS requires further investigation.