gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical and histopathological study of carcinoma of the corpus uteri. (1980)

Clinical and histopathological investigations were carried out in 71 cases of carcinoma of the corpus uteri treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital over the 10 year period from 1968 through 1977. The ratio of cases of the corpus uteri to those of the cervix was 6.5/100. The average age of the former group was 58 years and 30% of them were nulligravida. The rates of accompanying hyprtension and obesity were 21% and 20%, respectively. With regard to clinical stages, 75% were Stage I, 13% were Stage II, 10% were Stage III and 1% were Stage IV. The histological grade was G1 in 61%, G2 in 26%, and G3 in 13%. In Stage I, 80% of the cases had myometrial invasion into less than 1/3 of the uterine wall, but in Stage II invasion was limited to 1/3 in less than 25%. Metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes was found in 3 of 34 cases (9%): 1 of 24 cases of Stage I (4%) and 2 of 9 (cases of Stage II (22%). All three of these cases had myometrial invasion reaching deeper than 1/3 of the uterine wall. Those with deep myometrial invasion showed a diffuse invasive pattern, as did those of G2 or G3 lesions. Cases of G1 lesions showed a relatively shallow myometrial invasion, whereas there was a tendency for cases of G2 or G3 lesions to have deep myometrial invasion. The over-all 5 year relative survival rate was 83%, while that for the Stage I patients was 98%. All 12 of the patients who died of recurrence of carcinoma of the corpus uteri died within 2 years of treatment.
Insight into the High Duplex Stability of the Simplified Nucleic Acid GNA (2009)

Ein präorganisierter Reißverschluss: Der entropische Aufwand für die Doppelstrangbildung ist beim vereinfachten Nucleinsäureanalogon GNA (Glycolnucleinsäure) deutlich kleiner als bei einer DNA. Dieser Befund wird durch eine konformative Präorganisation der Einzelstränge in Kombination mit besonders günstigen Stapelwechselwirkungen im GNA-Doppelstrang erklärt (siehe Bild). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Recent Progress in Photonic Crystals and their Applications (2013)

I will report on the recent progresses in 2D and 3D photonic crystals, including 2D high-Q nanocavities-based new phenomena, novel lasers including ultra-compact Si Raman lasers, thermal emission control, and on-demand 3D optical guiding, etc.
γδ T-cell Receptors Derived from Breast Cancer–Infiltrating T Lymphocytes Mediate Antitumor Reactivity (2020)

γδ T cells in human solid tumors remain poorly defined. Here, we describe molecular and functional analyses of T-cell receptors (TCR) from tumor-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes (γδ TIL) that were in direct contact with tumor cells in breast cancer lesions from archival material. We observed that the majority of γδ TILs harbored a proinflammatory phenotype and only a minority associated with the expression of IL17. We characterized TCRγ or TCRδ chains of γδ TILs and observed a higher proportion of Vδ2<sup>+</sup> T cells compared with other tumor types. By reconstructing matched Vδ2<sup>-</sup> TCRγ and TCRδ pairs derived from single-cell sequencing, our data suggest that γδ TILs could be active against breast cancer and other tumor types. The reactivity pattern against tumor cells depended on both the TCRγ and TCRδ chains and was independent of additional costimulation through other innate immune receptors. We conclude that γδ TILs can mediate tumor reactivity through their individual γδ TCR pairs and that engineered T cells expressing TCRγ and δ chains derived from γδ TILs display potent antitumor reactivity against different cancer cell types and, thus, may be a valuable tool for engineering immune cells for adoptive cell therapies.
Influence of Ionic Liquid Pre-immersion on the Corrodibility of Zinc in Chloride Containing Environment (2013)

A protective film was formed by immersing zinc electrode in ionic liquid (IL). The degradation of the formed film has been examined by open circuit potential (OCP), polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The potential shifts rapidly to more negative values during the initial stage of monitoring, then increases slowly to more noble values with an extensive jagged potential fluctuation during the last stage of OCP monitoring. Corrosion rates of the pre-immersed sample are lower than that experienced by un-immersed zinc sample in IL. The degradation of the film formed on zinc surface can be described by a dissolution precipitation mechanism.
SPECIES AND GENOTYPE DIVERSITIES OF YEASTS IN THE CLINICAL AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS IN HAMILTON (2011)

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In vitro and in vivo evidence of PNH cell sensitivity to immune attack after nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (2003)

It has been proposed that paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) cells may proliferate through their intrinsic resistance to immune attack. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined the impact of alloimmune pressure on PNH and normal cells in the clinical setting of nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Five patients with severe PNH underwent HCT from an HLA-matched family donor after conditioning with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. PNH neutrophils (CD15(+)/CD66b(-)/CD16(-)) were detected in all patients at engraftment, but they subsequently declined to undetectable levels in all cases by 4 months after transplantation. To test for differences in susceptibility to immune pressure, minor histocompatibility antigen (mHa)-specific T-cell lines or clones were targeted against glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-negative and GPI-positive monocyte and B-cell fractions purified by flow cytometry sorting. Equivalent amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were secreted following coculture with GPI-negative and GPI-positive targets. Furthermore, mHa-specific T-cell lines and CD8(+) T-cell clones showed similar cytotoxicity against both GPI-positive and GPI-negative B cells. Presently, all 5 patients survive without evidence of PNH 5 to 39 months after transplantation. These in vitro and in vivo studies show PNH cells can be immunologically eradicated following nonmyeloablative HCT. Relative to normal cells, no evidence for a decreased sensitivity of PNH cells to T-cell-mediated immunity was observed.
Wetting Properties of Thin Liquid Polyethylene Propylene Films (1993)

The sign in front of the last term in Eq. ( 5) should be + instead of -; therefore, Eq. ( 5)
Characterizing Outage Rates for Space–Time Communication Over Wideband Channels (2004)

We provide a compact characterization of outage rates for a wideband wireless communication system whose parameters are chosen to model an outdoor cellular downlink. The base station transmitter is equipped with an antenna array, while the mobile receiver has a single antenna. Our analysis quantifies the effects of frequency and spatial diversity for measurement-based channel models available in the literature. Design prescriptions based on our framework would apply, for example, to fourth-generation cellular systems using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. Our information-theoretic computations yield the following findings. Complex models typically employed in simulations can be replaced by simple, bandwidth-dependent, tap-delay-line models without loss of accuracy. The spectral efficiency (i.e., the achievable rate, divided by the bandwidth) is well approximated as a Gaussian random variable, so that it is only necessary to specify its mean and variance in order to compute the outage rates. We provide analytical formulas for the mean and variance as a function of the space-time channel model, and verify that the resulting outage rates match closely with simulation. For a wide class of outdoor channels, the mean spectral efficiency depends only on the spatial diversity, while the variance depends on the spatial and frequency diversity via a product. Our definitions of frequency and spatial diversity have physically motivated interpretations, and do not rely on high signal-to-noise ratio asymptotics, as in prior work.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser Flash Photolysis Studies of Ylide‐Forming Reactions of Carbenes (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Omnibus Test for Comparing Two Measuring Devices (1991)

Using Grubb's measurement model, we establish an omnibus test for equality of bias and precision of measurement when two measuring devices are compared using paired data. The test is useful in controlling Type I error rates and increasing power in certain situations. Two examples of its application are given.
Genotype B hepatitis B virus is associated with severe icteric flare-up of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Hong Kong (2002)

Genotype B HBV is associated with IF among chronic HBV-infected patients in Hong Kong, whereas genotype C HBV is more prevalent at all stages of chronic liver disease. Our findings suggested that the two different HBV genotypes might have different pathogenic mechanisms of liver damage.
Reactivity and sensitivity of commercially available influenza rapid diagnostic tests in Japan (2017)

Seasonal influenza virus routinely causes epidemic infections throughout the world. Sporadic infections by H5N1, H5N6, and H7N9 viruses are also reported. To treat patients suffering from such viral infections, broadly reactive and highly sensitive influenza rapid diagnostic tests (IRDTs) are required. Here, we examined the reactivity and sensitivity of 25 IRDTs available in Japan for the detection of seasonal H1N1pdm09, H3N2, and type B viruses, as well as highly pathogenic H5 and H7 viruses. All of the IRDTs tested detected the seasonal viruses and H5 and H7 viruses albeit with different sensitivities. Several IRDTs detected the H5 and H7 viruses and the seasonal viruses with similar (high) sensitivity.
Resistance to fire of silicone-based coatings: Fire protection of steel against cellulosic fire (2014)

The fire performance of curable silicone-based coatings containing expandable graphite, organoclay, and calcium carbonate is evaluated in cellulosic fire scenario (standard ISO834) using a lab-scale furnace test. It is shown that the use of organoclay and calcium carbonate allows achieving same insulative performance when compared with organic commercial intumescent coating. The mode of action of these silicone-based coatings is fully investigated using thermal analyses and spectroscopic analyses including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is shown that the high fire performance of intumescent silicone-based coatings is due to (1) interactions between calcium carbonate and silicone matrix increasing the thermal stability of the resin and (2) the formation of calcium silicate embedding the top of the char and permitting the formation of an additional protective ceramic layer.
Assessment of Potential Targets for Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting 36 million people worldwide and 5.2 million in the United States. The pathogenesis of AD is still elusive. Accumulations of abnormal proteins (beta amyloid and tau protein), inflammatory cascades, abnormal responses to oxidative stress and alteration in oxidative metabolism have been implicated in AD. There are few effective therapeutic options available for this disorder at present. Neuromodulation offers a novel treatment modality for patients with AD. The databases of Medline and PubMed were searched for various studies in English literature describing the deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with AD. Various animal and human clinical studies have shown promising initial results with bilateral DBS targeting various anatomical nodes. In this review, we attempt to highlight the pathophysiology, neural circuitry and potential neuromodulation options in patients with AD. In appropriately selected patients, DBS can potentially delay the cognitive decline, enhance memory functions and can improve the overall quality of life. However, further randomized controlled trials are required to validate the efficacy of neuromodulation and to determine the most optimal target for AD.
Time-varying Learning and Content Analytics via Sparse Factor Analysis (2013)

We propose SPARFA-Trace, a new machine learning-based framework for time-varying learning and content analytics for education applications. We develop a novel message passing-based, blind, approximate Kalman filter for sparse factor analysis (SPARFA), that jointly (i) traces learner concept knowledge over time, (ii) analyzes learner concept knowledge state transitions (induced by interacting with learning resources, such as textbook sections, lecture videos, etc, or the forgetting effect), and (iii) estimates the content organization and intrinsic difficulty of the assessment questions. These quantities are estimated solely from binary-valued (correct/incorrect) graded learner response data and a summary of the specific actions each learner performs (e.g., answering a question or studying a learning resource) at each time instance. Experimental results on two online course datasets demonstrate that SPARFA-Trace is capable of tracing each learner's concept knowledge evolution over time, as well as analyzing the quality and content organization of learning resources, the question-concept associations, and the question intrinsic difficulties. Moreover, we show that SPARFA-Trace achieves comparable or better performance in predicting unobserved learner responses than existing collaborative filtering and knowledge tracing approaches for personalized education.
Sparsifying Transformer Models with Trainable Representation Pooling (2020)

We propose a novel method to sparsify attention in the Transformer model by learning to select the most-informative token representations during the training process, thus focusing on the task-specific parts of an input. A reduction of quadratic time and memory complexity to sublinear was achieved due to a robust trainable top-$k$ operator. Our experiments on a challenging long document summarization task show that even our simple baseline performs comparably to the current SOTA, and with trainable pooling, we can retain its top quality, while being $1.8\times$ faster during training, $4.5\times$ faster during inference, and up to $13\times$ more computationally efficient in the decoder.
Limitations of Quantitative Gene Regulation Models: A Case Study (2003)

Understanding the relationship between network structure and behavior is fundamental to the field of computational and systems biology. A particularly important distinction is the extent to which qualitative aspects of network performance are encoded in network topology as opposed to being determined through quantitative details, such as those of kinetics. Here, we develop a general and rigorous mathematical framework for the analysis of genetic networks and apply it to a family of synthetic gene networks. A key feature of our methodology involves determining network behavior that is insensitive to kinetic parameters such as rate constants and nonlinear functional dependencies of rates on molecular concentrations. Results indicate that behavior observed in some networks cannot be reconciled with standard gene expression and regulation models. We explore relaxing model assumptions to explain the observed behavior, allowing for both dynamic and stochastic phenomena, and propose an alternative model. Our alternative model includes the suggestion of a new mechanism by which the counterintuitive behavior could be achieved; central to the model is the assumption that the Clp protein degradation system, which is responsible for the regulatory proteins used in this study, becomes saturated.
Terahertz time domain spectroscopy of branched alkanes (2012)

n(ν) and α(ν) for branched alkanes were measured using THz TDS and compared to their linear structure counterparts. There is an overall decrease in n(ν) and an increase in α(ν), contrary to the predictions of the additive model for polarizibility.
Newly developed ultralow CTE materials for thinner PKG applications (2013)

The higher density packaging technologies have been required to reduce the area of substrate for smaller portable handheld products and devices such as smart phones and tablet PCs. So, the three-dimensional packaging is becoming to be a key technology to minimize the total size of products and devices. However, the thinner construction of PoP (package on package) may cause the poor connection reliability because of the warpage of the substrate at the soldering process. So, the reduction of the warpage of the substrate by the ultralow CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) materials may be the key to overcome. Recently, we have developed two types of ultralow CTE materials to meet with the requirement applying our new resin systems and a filler treatment technology. The developed materials show the ultralow CTE(X) of 2.8-3.3 ppm/ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sup> C which is close to that of the glass fabric. The resulted warpage using the material is much lower than that of the conventional low CTE material. We are also developing a technology for the further lowering of CTE for future applications.
Experimental and Modeling Investigation of the Mechanism for Preventing Readhesion via Zeta Potential in the Spin-Rinse Process (2021)

Adhesive particles on polished wafers are detached via, for example, scrubbing, and removed via liquid flow from the wafer while preventing readhesion by controlling the zeta potential. However, the effect of the zeta potential on the removal of detached particles in the spin-rinse process is yet to be quantitatively examined. Therefore, a physical model was constructed with some consideration of the zeta potential effect and was subsequently compared with the experimental results. According to the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory, particle displacement in the direction normal to the wafer surface can be calculated from the energy that is mainly determined by the repulsive force depending on the zeta potential. Assuming that the particle displacement distribution takes the form of a Gaussian distribution, the ratio of particles present in the direction normal to the wafer surface can be expressed and the zeta potential effect could be incorporated into the model. Furthermore, assuming that the detached particles are removed from the wafer not only during the spin-rinse process but also during the spin-drying process, the model was in line with the experiment. It was found that the detached particles are removed from the wafer during both the spin-rinse process and the spin-drying process.
Neural Networks with Keras Cookbook: Over 70 recipes leveraging deep learning techniques across image, text, audio, and game bots (2019)

This book presents solutions to the majority of the challenges you will face while training neural networks to solve deep learning problems. It covers the trending deep learning architectures used in industry and tackles a variety of use cases in computer vision, text processing, audio analysis, recommender systems, and game bots.
On the role of antigen in maintaining cytotoxic T-cell memory. (1996)

This study evaluated whether T-cell memory reflects increased precursor frequencies of specific long-lived T cells and/or a low-level immune response against some form of persistent antigen. Antivirally protective CD8+ T-cell memory was analyzed mostly in the original vaccinated host to assess the role of antigen in its maintenance. T-cell mediated resistance against reinfection was measured in the spleen and in peripheral solid organs with protocols that excluded protection by antibodies. In vivo protection was compared with detectable cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequencies determined in vitro. In the spleen, in vitro detectable cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequencies remained stable independently of antigen, conferring resistance against viral replication in the spleen during reinfection. In contrast, T-cell mediated resistance against reinfection of peripheral solid organs faded away in an antigen-dependent fashion within a few days or weeks. We show that only memory T cells persistently or freshly activated with antigen efficiently extravasate into peripheral organs, where cytotoxic T lymphocytes must be able to exert effector function immediately; both the capacity to extravasate and to rapidly exert effector function critically depend on restimulation by antigen. Our experiments document that the duration of T-cell memory protective against peripheral reinfection depended on the antigen dose used for immunization, was prolonged when additional antigen was provided, and was abrogated after removal of antigen. We conclude that T-cell mediated protective immunity against the usual peripheral routes of reinfection is antigen-dependent.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of the Effect of Nanocoating on Two-Phase Evaporative Heat and Mass Transfer (2019)

Two-phase cooling such as thin film evaporation is becoming increasingly popular for thermal management of high powered electronics due to the high latent heat associated with the phase change process. Nanoengineered surfaces have been shown to improve two-phase heat transfer performance through enhanced wettability and reduced interfacial thermal resistance. However, how interfacial resistance varies with surface wettability and how such resistance can affect thin-film evaporative transport is still not well understood. In this study, we investigate the evaporative transport characteristics and wetting state of an evaporating thin liquid film on both smooth and nanocoated surfaces using Molecular Dynamics (MD)simulations. The surface wettability between liquid argon and silicon (100) surface coated with 0, 1, and 3 layers of graphene is characterized using equilibrium molecular dynamics methods. The associated interfacial thermal resistances and the evaporation rates are explored using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics methods, in which a hot and cold solid substrate are implemented to facilitate the evaporation and condensation of liquid argon molecules.
5C-2 20-MHz Annular Arrays for Ophthalmic Imaging (2006)

High-frequency annular arrays allow for an improved depth of field (DOF) versus single-element transducers. A P(VDF-TrFE) based, 20-MHz annular array was designed with five, equal-area annuli, a geometric focus of 31 mm, and a total aperture of 10 mm. Digitized data were acquired for all 25 transmit/receive ring pairs and the data were then processed with a synthetic-focus algorithm to create a composite image consisting of a series of focal zones. After acoustical and electrical characterization, the array performance was validated with a wire phantom. With impedance matching, the center frequency of the array elements was ap 17 MHz and the -6-dB bandwidths were ap30%. Synthetic focusing was found to improve the DOF from a span of 4 mm to nearly 18 mm. -6-dB lateral beamwidths ranged from 0.16 to 0.27 mm. Ex vivo scans of a bovine and human cadaver eye demonstrated the improved imaging potential of 20-MHz annular arrays versus fixed-focus transducers