gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative rheological measurements of confluent cell using atomic force microscopy (2014)

Rheological properties of cells are associated with various cell functions and thus are considered to be an indicator for diagnosing cell disease. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for quantifying the mechanical properties of isolated single cells. For example, our AFM technique reported previously revealed that the complex shear modulus of single cells exhibited a large cell-to-cell variation which depended on frequency. By contrast, rheological properties of cell population such as cells in confluent condition have been less understood. Thus, it is valuable to investigate how quantitatively the AFM technique can be applied to cell population such as cells in confluent condition. As a result, rheological properties of cells in confluent conditions can be relatively rapidly measured by our AFM setup modifying a force modulation AFM mode. This suggests that the AFM technique is useful for diagnosing not only single cells but also cell population and cell assembly.
Abnormal megakaryopoiesis and platelet function in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice (2015)

Previous studies suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) might influence megakaryocyte (MK) maturation and platelet production in vitro. Using a gene deletion model, we analysed the effect of COX-2 deficiency on megakaryopoiesis and platelet function. COX-2-/- mice (10-12 weeks old) have hyper-responsive platelets as suggested by their enhanced aggregation, TXA2 biosynthesis, CD62P and CD41/CD61 expression, platelet-fibrinogen binding, and increased thromboembolic death after collagen/epinephrine injection compared to wild-type (WT). Moreover, increased platelet COX-1 expression and reticulated platelet fraction were observed in COX-2-/- mice while platelet count was similar to WT. MKs were significantly reduced in COX-2-/- bone marrows (BMs), with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, low ploidy and poor expression of lineage markers of maturation (CD42d, CD49b). However, MKs were significantly increased in COX-2-/- spleens, with features of MK maturation markers which were not observed in MKs of WT spleens. Interestingly, the expression of COX-1, prostacyclin and PGE2 synthases and prostanoid pattern were modified in BMs and spleens of COX-2-/- mice. Moreover, COX-2 ablation reduced the percentage of CD49b+ cells, the platelet formation and the haematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and increased their accumulation in the spleen. Splenectomy decreased peripheral platelet number, reverted their hyper-responsive phenotype and protected COX-2-/- mice from thromboembolism. Interestingly, fibrosis was observed in spleens of old COX-2-/- mice (28 weeks old). In conclusion, COX-2 deletion delays BM megakaryopoiesis promoting a compensatory splenic MK hyperplasia, with a release of hyper-responsive platelets and increased thrombogenicity in vivo. COX-2 seems to contribute to physiological MK maturation and pro-platelet formation.
Assembly and processing of avian retroviral gag polyproteins containing linked protease dimers (1991)

Assembly and maturation of retroviral particles requires the aggregation and controlled proteolytic cleavage of polyprotein core precursors by a precursor-encoded protease (PR). Active, mature retroviral PR is a dimer, and the accumulation of precursors at sites of assembly may facilitate subunit interaction and subsequent activation of this enzyme. In addition, it has been suggested that cellular cytoplasmic components act as inhibitors of PR activity, so that processing is delayed until the nascent virions leave this compartment and separate from the surface of host cells. To investigate the mechanisms that control PR activity during virus assembly, we studied the in vivo processing of retroviral gag precursors that contain tandemly linked PR subunits in which dimerization is concentration independent. Sequences encoding four different linked protease dimers were independently joined to the end of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) gag gene in a simian virus 40-based plasmid vector which expresses a myristoylated gag precursor upon transfection of COS-1 cells. Three of these plasmids produced gag precursors that were incorporated into viruslike particles and proteolytically cleaved by the dimers to mature core proteins that were indistinguishable from the processed products of wild-type gag. The amount of viral gag protein that was assembled and packaged in these transfections was inversely related to the relative proteolytic activities of the linked PR dimers. The fourth gag precursor, which contained the most active linked PR dimer, underwent rapid intracellular processing and did not form viruslike particles. In the absence of the plasma membrane targeting signal, processing of all four linked PR dimer-containing gag precursors was completed entirely within the cell. From these results, we conclude that the delay in polyprotein core precursor processing that occurs during normal virion assembly does not depend on a cytoplasmic inhibitor of PR activity. We suggest that dimer formation is not only necessary but may be sufficient for the initiation of PR-directed maturation of gag and gag-pol precursors.
Intracellular compartmentation of organic anions within renal cells (1993)

Epifluorescence microscopy and video-image analysis were used to measure the distribution of the monovalent organic anion fluorescein (FL) within the cells of three organic anion-secreting renal epithelia: crab urinary bladder (a proximal tubule analogue), opossum kidney (OK) cells in culture, and intact teleost proximal tubules. In all three preparations the intracellular FL distribution was nonuniform. Two distinct intracellular compartments were detected, one being diffuse and cytoplasmic and the other punctate. With low FL concentrations in the medium (1 microM and below) dye accumulation in the punctate compartment exceeded that of the cytoplasm. In crab bladder epithelium FL uptake into both compartments was inhibited by external probenecid, p-aminohippurate (PAH), and LiCl and stimulated by 10-50 microM external glutarate, suggesting that the punctate compartment loaded by a two-step mechanism: transport into the cytoplasm at the basolateral membrane, followed by accumulation at specific intracellular sites. Experiments in which FL was microinjected into OK cells directly demonstrated movement of FL from the cytoplasmic to the punctate compartment. Accumulation in the latter was specific, i.e., inhibitable by coinjected PAH and probenecid, and energy dependent. Together, these findings indicate that during secretion organic anions are sequestered within renal cells. The role of sequestration in overall transport remains to be determined.
Characterization of a structural series of lipid A obtained from the lipopolysaccharides of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Combined laser desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectral analysis of high performance liquid chromatography-purified dimethyl derivatives. (1986)

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA) obtained from the lipopolysaccharides of serum-sensitive strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was fractionated on a silicic acid column to yield the hexaacyl and pentaacyl MLAs. The dimethyl derivative of the hexaacyl MLA was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The dimethyl esters of hexaacyl and pentaacyl MLAs were further purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and all of the peaks were analyzed by laser desorption mass spectrometry. Considerable structural information was obtained by laser desorption mass spectrometry due to three kinds of specific fragmentations of the sugar at the reducing end. Two major fractions were also analyzed by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. High performance liquid chromatography was able to separate the dimethyl MLA according to number, nature, and position of the fatty acyl groups. Since almost no structural information is available, the mass spectra of the samples were interpreted on the basis of the established structure of a model lipid A (hexaacyl MLA derived from Salmonella minnesota). Thirteen different structures of dimethyl MLA were identified. The four prominent dimethyl MLAs found in the fractionated samples were M1 (Mr = 1463), M2 (Mr = 1479), M3 (Mr = 1661), and M4 (Mr = 1677). These MLAs appear to have a 1'----6 linked glucosamine disaccharide backbone. The most prominent hexaacyl MLA was M3. We propose that it contains hydroxylaurate at the 3- and 3'-positions in ester linkage and lauroxymyristate at the 2- and 2'-positions in amide linkage of the glucosamine disaccharide. The most abundant pentacyl MLA was M2. We propose that it contains hydroxylaurate at the 3- and 3'-positions in ester linkage, lauroxymyristate at the 2'-position in amide linkage, and hydroxymyristate at the 2-position in amide linkage of the disaccharide. The lipid A of N. gonorrhoeae appeared to differ from that of the Salmonella strains by the presence of shorter-chain fatty acids and by the normal fatty acid distribution in the reducing and distal subunits.
Efficacy of interleukin‐10 gene electrotransfer into skeletal muscle in mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (2002)

Taken together, these data indicate that administration of an antiinflammatory plasmid-born gene by electrotransfer of naked DNA is effective in vivo in an arthritis model.
Echocardiographic Estimation of Left Ventricular and Pulmonary Pressures in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: a Study Utilizing Simultaneous Echocardiography and Invasive Measurements (2017)

In patients with HFpEF, echocardiographic measurements, including the E/e' ratio, have a poor to moderate predictive value for the estimation of invasively acquired LVEDP and PAWP. This limitation should be taken into account for the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with HFpEF.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoactive Cyclophanes. Part 1. Synthesis, Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Cinnamophanes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimization of Linear Filtering Model to Predict Post-LASIK Corneal Smoothing Based on Training Data Sets (2013)

Laser vision correction is a rapidly growing field for correcting nearsightedness, farsightedness as well as astigmatism with dominating laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedures. While the technique works well for correcting spherocylindrical aberrations, it does not fully correct high order aberrations (HOAs), in particular spherical aberration (SA), due to unexpected induction of HOAs post-surgery. Corneal epithelial remodeling was proposed as one source to account for such HOA induction process. This work proposes a dual-scale linear filtering kernel to model such a process. Several retrospective clinical data sets were used as training data sets to construct the model, with a downhill simplex algorithm to optimize the two free parameters of the kernel. The performance of the optimized kernel was testedon new clinical data sets that were not previously used for the optimization.
Wavelength conversion using fiber cross-phase modulation driven by two pump waves (2019)

Wavelength conversion using all-optical phase modulation in a fiber driven by two pump waves is investigated. The operation features are analyzed using an all-optical phase modulation model with two parallel-/cross-polarized pump waves to generate a phase-preserving copy of the optical signal at an exact frequency up-/down-shifted by the two-pump detuning. The conversion efficiency is experimentally verified using a 300-m highly-nonlinear fiber. The results agree well with a theoretical prediction. The conversion bandwidth over 4 THz is achieved and error-free wavelength conversion for a 32-GBd polarization-division multiplexed 16QAM signal is demonstrated. The technique's applicability to a large-capacity wavelength-division multiplexed signals is also discussed.
Synthesis and properties of dicationic ionic liquids containing a siloxane structural moiety (2015)

Five new ionic liquids formed by doubly charged cations containing a siloxane moiety and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide anion are synthesized and characterized. Their thermal stability is studied by means of TGA; melting points (glass transition temperatures) and densities are measured. The temperature dependences of kinematic viscosity of the obtained ionic liquids are presented along with their approximations by the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher equation.
Pathogenicity and Vaccine Efficacy of Different Clades of Asian H5N1 Avian Influenza A Viruses in Domestic Ducks (2008)

Waterfowl represent the natural reservoir of all subtypes of influenza A viruses, including H5N1. Ducks are especially considered major contributors to the spread of H5N1 influenza A viruses because they exhibit diversity in morbidity and mortality. Therefore, as a preventive strategy against endemic as well as pandemic influenza, it is important to reduce the spread of H5N1 influenza A viruses in duck populations. Here, we describe the pathogenicity of dominant clades (clades 1 and 2) of H5N1 influenza A viruses circulating in birds in Asia. Four representatives of dominant clades of the viruses cause symptomatic infection but lead to different profiles of lethality in domestic ducks. We also demonstrate the efficacy, cross-protectiveness, and immunogenicity of three different inactivated oil emulsion whole-virus H5 influenza vaccines (derived by implementing reverse genetics) to the viruses in domestic ducks. A single dose of the vaccines containing 1 mug of hemagglutinin protein provides complete protection against a lethal A/Duck/Laos/25/06 (H5N1) influenza virus challenge, with no evidence of morbidity, mortality, or shedding of the challenge virus. Moreover, two of the three vaccines achieved complete cross-clade or cross-subclade protection against the heterologous avian influenza virus challenge. Interestingly, the vaccines induce low or undetectable titers of hemagglutination inhibition (HI), cross-HI, and/or virus neutralization antibodies. The mechanism of complete protection in the absence of detectable antibody responses remains an open question.
Identification of both NK1 and NK2 receptors in guinea‐pig airways (1993)

1. NK1 and NK2 receptors have been characterized in guinea-pig lung membrane preparations by use of [125I-Tyr8]-substance P and [125I]-neurokinin A binding assays in conjunction with tachykinin-receptor selective agonists ([Sar9Met(O2)11]substance P for NK1 and [beta Ala8]neurokinin A (4-10) for NK2) and antagonists (CP-99,994 for NK1 and SR48968 for NK2). 2. The presence of high affinity, G-protein-coupled NK1 receptors in guinea-pig lung parenchymal membranes has been confirmed. The rank order of affinity for competing tachykinins was as predicted for an NK1 receptor: substance P = [Sar9Met(O2)11]substance P > substance P-methyl ester = physalaemin > neurokinin A = neurokinin B >> [beta Ala8]neurokinin A (4-10). The novel NK1 antagonist CP-99,994 has a Ki of 0.4 nM at this NK1 site. 3. In order to characterize [125I]-neurokinin A binding to guinea-pig lung, the number of [125I]-neurokinin A specific binding sites was increased 3-4 fold by purification of the parenchymal membranes over discontinuous sucrose gradients. The rank order of affinity determined for NK1- and NK2-receptor agonists and antagonists in competition for these sites showed that the majority (80%) of [125I]-neurokinin A specific binding was also to the NK1 receptor. 4. Under conditions where the guinea-pig lung parenchymal NK1 receptor was fully occupied by a saturating concentration of either [Sar9Met(O2)11]substance P (1 microM) or CP-99,994 (2.7 microM), residual [125I]-neurokinin A specific binding was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by both [beta Ala8]neurokinin A and SR48968. This result shows that the NK2 receptor is also present in these preparations. 5. Similar studies using guinea-pig tracheal membranes demonstrated that [125I]-neurokinin A specific binding was composed of a NK1-receptor component (60%), inhibited by both [Sar9Met(02)11]substance P and CP-99,994, and a significant NK2-receptor component, inhibited by both [beta Ala 8]neurokinin A andSR48968.6. In summary, these data demonstrate that guinea-pig lung parenchyma and guinea-pig trachea express both NK1 and NK2 receptors.
State-resolved ultrafast charge and spin dynamics in [Co/Pd] multilayers (2022)

We use transient absorption spectroscopy with circularly polarized x rays to detect laser-excited hole states below the Fermi level and compare their dynamics with that of unoccupied states above the Fermi level in ferromagnetic [Co/Pd] multilayers. While below the Fermi level, an instantaneous and significantly stronger demagnetization is observed, above the Fermi level, the demagnetization is delayed by 35 ± 10 fs. This provides a direct visualization of how ultrafast demagnetization proceeds via initial spin-flip scattering of laser-excited holes to the subsequent formation of spin waves.
Algorithms and structures for long adaptive echo cancellers (1996)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Infection with Rhinovirus Facilitates Allergen Penetration Across a Respiratory Epithelial Cell Layer (2015)

Our results indicate that infection with rhinovirus damages the respiratory epithelial barrier and allows allergens to penetrate more efficiently into the subepithelial tissues where they may cause increased allergic inflammation.
Peripheral (somatic) expansion of the murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte repertoire. I. Analysis of diversity in recognition repertoire of alloreactive T cells derived from the thymus and spleen of adult or aged DBA/2J mice. (1984)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) in the spleen or thymus of individual adult (8 to 10 wk) or aged (greater than 20 mo) DBA/2J mice have been activated by irradiated H-2Kb antigens under limiting dilution conditions such that cytotoxic cells in responder wells result from stimulation of a single CTLp. After division into several equal samples and expansion in the presence of IL 2 and more irradiated H-2Kb stimulators, the contents of replicate individual wells were tested for their ability to lyse a panel of selected H-2Kb mutant targets. The heterogeneity within a given age group, and the similarity of CTLp repertoires between different age groups were then compared for splenic and thymic CTLp repertoires. Our data indicate a far greater mouse-to-mouse variation for the splenic CTLp repertoire of aged mice compared with young mice, despite the greater heterogeneity of the repertoire in the latter case. Less difference was seen for the thymic CTLp repertoire. When we studied the correlation between the repertoires present in the thymus and spleen within a given age group, it seemed that the most striking difference in aged mice was a loss of systematic expansion of the early appearing thymic CTLp repertoire. These findings are discussed in terms of a two-stage model of T cell differentiation.
Supplementary Figures from MYC Phosphorylation at Novel Regulatory Regions Suppresses Transforming Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 498K, Supplementary Figures S1-6 Supplementary Figure S1: Phosphorylation mutants increase Myc-induced transformation in MCF10A cells. Supplementary Figure S2: Phosphorylation mutants increase Myc-induced transformation in SH-EP cells. Supplementary Figure S3: Phosphorylation mutants do not effect MYC protein stability. Supplementary Figure S4: Serum starvation of MCF10A-GFP and MCF10A-MYC cells. Supplementary Figure S5: MYC protein expression through morphogenesis of MCF10A cells in 3D culture. Supplementary Figure S6: Characterization of day 4 acini for mRNA expression array analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
DISSOLUTION AND DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN IN AND THROUGH POLY(OCTYL METHACRYLATE-co-VINYLIMIDAZOLE)/COBALTPORPHYRIN COMPLEXED MEMBRANES (2005)

The dissolution and diffusion processes of oxygen in and through poly(octyl meth acrylate-co-vinylimidazole)(OIm)/cobaltporphyrin complexed membranes were d iscussed.Facilitated oxygen transport through a polymer membrane containing me so-α,α,α,α-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl) porphyrinatocobalt ( CoP) as a fixed oxyge n carrier was analyzed by a dual-mode transport model.It was found that CoP fix e d in the solid membrane rapidly and reversibly bound with oxygen and the oxygen - binding equilibrium constants of CoP (K) was 14 mol -1L.The oxygen abso rption f or the CoP-OIm membrane obeyed a Langmuir-type isotherm,while the nitrogen abs or ption showed a proportional increase with nitrogen pressure according to Henry's law.The physical solubility coefficient of oxygen (k D) in the polymer mat rix was calculated to be 4.4×10 -5 cm3(STP) cm -3 Pa -1 according to the adsorption res ults.Oxygen permeability coefficients (P O 2) of the OIm-CoP membrane s steeply in creased with a decrease in the pressure difference (p O 2),while P O 2 for the cont rol membrane composed of inactive (oxidized) Co(Ⅲ)P was small and independe nt of p O 2,indicating that the CoP carrier fixed in the membrane intera cts with ox ygen and facilitates oxygen transport.The facilitation factor (G) that indic at es the degree of facilitated transport was 9.The ratio of the diffusion coeffici ent of oxygen for hopping between the fixed carriers (D C) to the physical diffusion coefficient of oxygen through the matric polymer (D D) was 0.08.
Fronthaul data compression for Uplink CoMP in cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) (2016)

Abstract The design of efficient wireless fronthaul connections for future heterogeneous networks incorporating emerging paradigms such as cloud radio access network has become a challenging task that requires the most effective utilisation of fronthaul network resources. In this paper, we propose to use distributed compression to reduce the fronthaul traffic in uplink Coordinated Multi‐Point for cloud radio access network. Unlike the conventional approach where each coordinating point quantises and forwards its own observation to the processing centre, these observations are compressed before forwarding. At the processing centre, the decompression of the observations and the decoding of the user message are conducted in a successive manner. The essence of this approach is the optimisation of the distributed compression using an iterative algorithm to achieve maximal user rate with a given fronthaul rate. In other words, for a target user rate the generated fronthaul traffic is minimised. Moreover, joint decompression and decoding is studied and an iterative optimisation algorithm is devised accordingly. Finally, the analysis is extended to multi‐user case and our results reveal that, in both dense and ultra‐dense urban deployment scenarios, the usage of distributed compression can efficiently reduce the required fronthaul rate and a further reduction is obtained with joint operation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.