gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P13.21: Velocity profile characteristics of fetal descending aorta (FDAo) by global acquisition and signal processing (GASP) software for multigate spectral Doppler analysis (MSDA) (2006)

To characterize the velocity profiles (VP), relative wall distension rate (WDR) and wall shear rate (WSR) of the FDAo in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of normal pregnancies. The MSDA system consisted of commercial ultrasound machine (Aloka SSD1400), a personal computer and a proprietary electronic board. Interrogated vessels consisted of the FDAo in a total of 36 singleton uncomplicated ongoing pregnancies. Velocity profiles, relative wall distension rate [WDR (%)] and shear rate [WSR (1/s)] were calculated over multiple consecutives cardiac cycles. The designation of arterial laminar flow was applied if one peak occurred in systole, while if > 1 peak in systole was classified as turbulent. Statistical analysis consisted of Spearman correlation. FDAo displayed a laminar flow pattern throughout gestation in 31 cases, and an abnormal flow pattern in 5 cases (2 cases of turbulent flow, and 3 cases of downstream flow). Interestingly, in these 5/31 (14%) of cases, the conventional Doppler analysis was normal. Mean WDR[%] was correlated with gestational age and fetal growth (2.7 ±1.8, rs = 0.471p < 0.01) with linear regression with standardized coefficient of 0.4 (p < 0.01). In contrast, mean WSR (432 ±191) remained constant throughout gestation, beginning at 6 wks. Real time velocity profile analysis of the FDAo is now possible using MSDA and GASP software. This novel technology is more sensitive than conventional Doppler in detecting patterns other than pseudo-laminar flow. Interestingly, we have found that relative WDR changes over time during gestation, which may be secondary to adaptive vascular and autonomic responses and the evolving composition of the vessel wall, particularly with respect to elastin. These parameters are being evaluated in ongoing studies to determine their relationship, if any, to placentation abnormalities and fetal complications, such as fetal anemia.
Broadband Mid-Infrared Frequency Comb Generation in a Si3N4 Microresonator (2015)

We demonstrate broadband frequency comb generation in the mid-infrared from 2.3 to 3.5 μm in a Si 3 N 4 microresonator with Q=850,000 fabricated using an optimized process for decreasing intrinsic losses and overcoming stress limitations.
‘An inspired communication from the Deity … Or … Nothing’ (2015)

Abstract This chapter describes the devastating impact of radical biblical scholarship on orthodox Nonconformists, the vast majority of whose faith was founded on the assumption that the Scriptures were inspired and infallible. Higher criticism reduced much of the Bible to ‘mere speculation’ and with its authority undermined the churches' assurance that they had a message direct from God, lost something of its credibility.
A Badal Optical Stimulator for the Canon Autoref R-1 Optometer (1995)

The Canon AutoRef R-1 optometer is currently in use by several investigators in studies of accommodative response and open loop accommodation. It has the capability for frequent (1.4 s cycle time in "single shot" mode) objective measures of the refractive state of the eye and, because it uses near infrared radiation, it provides no stimulus to accommodation. In this paper we describe a compact device which can be mounted on the R-1 optometer, coaxial with the measurement optics of the optometer, to provide controlled optical vergence, i.e., accommodative stimulus, from +10.0 to -20.0 D while maintaining a constant visual angle.
Energy Management Storage System with a Multi-stage FET Bidirectional Converter (2020)

This paper presents an energy management storage system with a multi-stage FET bidirectional converter. The proposed system is constructed by a bidirectional converter using series connected FETs, and it realizes highly energy management that maximizes battery performance. By calculating the power loss using the converter performance index FOM (Figure of merit), it is shown that the proposed configuration can be possible to reduce the power loss 70% compared to the conventional configuration. In the proposed system, using a power control method that reduces the charging current, the battery charging losses can be reduced 60%. The analysis results show that the proposed system can achieve a charging energy efficiency of 96.9%, and reduce the yearly CO2 emission of 33%.
Bovine testis and human erythrocytes contain different subtypes of membrane-associated Ins(1,4,5)P3/Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 5-phosphomonoesterases (1994)

1. We have purified membrane-associated Ins(1,4,5)P3/Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 5-phosphatases from bovine testis and human erythrocytes by chromatography on several media, including a novel 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate affinity column. 2. The enzymes have apparent molecular masses of 42 kDa (testis) and 70 kDa (erythrocyte), as determined by SDS/PAGE, and affinities for Ins(1,4,5)P3 of 14 microM and 22 microM respectively. 3. The two enzymes hydrolyse both Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 and are therefore type I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatases [nomenclature of Hansen, Johanson, Williamson and Williamson (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 17319-17326]. 4. On chromatofocusing, the partially purified testicular enzyme migrates as two peaks of activity, with pI values of about 5.8 and 5.5. The erythrocyte enzyme exhibits only the latter peak. 5. The testis 5-phosphatase is labile at 37 degrees C, but its activity can be maintained in the presence of 50 mM phorbol dibutyrate (PdBu). After PdBu treatment, a third form of the enzyme, with pI about 6.2, appears on chromatofocusing, but without change in its Km or Vmax. 6. Consideration of the properties of these enzymes and of the 5-phosphatases from other tissues suggests that type I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatases are of two well-defined subtypes. We propose that these be termed type Ia [typified by the testis enzyme: approximately 40 kDa, higher affinity for Ins(1,4,5)P3] and Type Ib [typified by the erythrocyte enzyme: approximately 70 kDa, lower affinity for Ins(1,4,5)P3].
959. HIV-1 DNA Testing Identifies Drug Resistance in Viremic Patients with Pan-Sensitive Plasma Virus (2020)

Abstract Background HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) are lost from plasma virus in the absence of selective drug pressure. Therefore, viremic patients who present with pan-sensitive plasma HIV-1 may harbor archived drug resistance that hinders virologic suppression upon reinstatement of therapy. We sought to determine if testing HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can identify drug resistance in patients with pan-sensitive plasma virus. Methods Sixty-four patients were identified who had HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 DNA drug resistance testing performed on the same day and demonstrated pan-sensitive virus on the HIV-1 RNA test. Antiretroviral (ARV) resistance and DRMs identified by each test were compared between 66 test pairs. Patients were stratified by viral load (VL) to assess its impact on resistance detection using t-test and correlation analyses. Results The mean patient age was 37; 92% were female. Most (94%) were infected with HIV-1 subtype B, with an average VL of 110,000 c/mL (150 - 1,470,000 c/mL) at the time of resistance testing. Resistance to at least one ARV was reported on 20% (13/66) of HIV-1 DNA tests, and was associated with nucleos(t)ide and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and integrase inhibitors (INIs) on 4.5%, 9%, 4.5%, and 6% of HIV-1 DNA reports, respectively. Across all HIV-1 DNA tests, 74 DRMs were identified that were not found in the plasma virus, including 12 NRTI, 16 NNRTI, 39 PI, and 7 INI DRMs; M184V was identified on 4.5% (3/66) of HIV-1 DNA reports. The mean VL was not significantly different between HIV-1 DNA tests reporting resistance to at least one ARV (101,000 c/mL) and those reporting pan-sensitivity (110,000 c/mL). Viral load at time of testing did not correlate with the number of ARVs to which resistance was reported. Conclusion In viremic patients with pan-sensitive plasma virus, HIV-1 DNA testing can identify drug resistance regardless of VL level. Assessment of drug resistance in HIV-1 DNA may be useful in designing suppressive ARV regimens for patients whose plasma virus DRMs fail to be identified due to lack of adherence or continuity of care. Disclosures Dusica Curanovic, PhD, Monogram Biosciences (Employee) Sharon K. Martens, MN, Monogram Biosciences (Employee) Milka A. Rodriguez, PhD, Monogram Biosciences (Employee) Christos J. Petropoulos, PhD, Monogram Biosciences (Employee) Charles M. Walworth, MD, Monogram Biosciences (Employee)
Analgesic Onset and Potency of Oral Controlled-Release (CR) Oxycodone and CR Morphine (1996)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 59, 130–130; doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.1996.19
The World's Languages Explorer: Visual Analysis of Language Features in Genealogical and Areal Contexts (2012)

Abstract This paper presents a novel Visual Analytics approach that helps linguistic researchers to explore the world's languages with respect to several important tasks: (1) The comparison of manually and automatically extracted language features across languages and within the context of language genealogy, (2) the exploration of interrelations among several of such features as well as their homogeneity and heterogeneity within subtrees of the language genealogy, and (3) the exploration of genealogical and areal influences on the features. We introduce the W orld ' s L anguages E xplorer , which provides the required functionalities in one single Visual Analytics environment. Contributions are made for different parts of the system: We introduce an extended Sunburst visualization whose so‐called feature‐rings allow for a cross‐comparison of a large number of features at once, within the hierarchical context of the language genealogy. We suggest a mapping of homogeneity measures to all levels of the hierarchy. In addition, we suggest an integration of information from the areal data space into the hierarchical data space. With our approach we bring Visual Analytics research to a new application field, namely Historical Comparative Linguistics, and Linguistic and Areal Typology. Finally, we provide evidence of the good performance of our system in this area through two application case studies conducted by domain experts.
Multiple pulse femtosecond spectroscopy (1992)

Multiple femtosecond excitation pulses have been used recently for increased control over molecular motion. Several developments in this direction will be discussed. For excitation pulse sequences with many (i.e., more than two or three) pulses, computer control over the generation of the pulse sequence is essential. It is important to be able to analyze the molecular of material response to a given pulse sequence and generate a new, optimized pulse sequence on the spot. Multi-element liquid crystalline masks can be used to do this. The analysis of material responses and design of new masks could be done by the human experimenter or, ideally, by computer. Real-time, single-shot femtosecond data acquisition is also essential for condensed materials in which the goal of multiple-pulse excitation is controlled chemical or structural change. Much current effort is directed toward gas-phase samples in which a buildup of reaction product can be avoided by continuously flowing new material into the irradiated region. Most applications will involve crystals, polymers, and other nonflowable media. Multiple femtosecond probe pulses can be used to collect all the necessary temporal information after just one excitation event. In this manner fundamental and applied experiments can be conducted on condensed-phase materials.
Ureteral Access Sheath Deployment: How Much Force Is Too Much? Initial Studies with a Novel Ureteral Access Sheath Force Sensor in the Porcine Ureter (2019)

<b><i>Introduction and Objectives:</i></b> Ureteral injuries can occur during ureteral access sheath (UAS) deployment. The force exerted during deployment and the amount of force that results in ureteral injury is yet to be accurately quantitated. In this feasibility study, we developed and then tested a novel force-sensing device in our animal laboratory to identify the threshold force that results in a porcine ureteral injury. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> With Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, we measured ureteral dilator and UAS deployment force using our proprietary University of California, Irvine Ureteral Access Sheath Force Sensor (UAS-FS). The exerted force was measured during deployment from the moment that the tip of the UAS was passed into the urethral meatus until it reached the renal pelvis; progression of the UAS along the ureter was monitored with fluoroscopy. Ureteroscopic evaluation was performed after deployment of each catheter/sheath ≥8F to assess for ureteral injury using the Postureteroscopic Lesion Scale (PULS). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Six juvenile Yorkshire female pigs (12 ureters) were studied. No injuries were detected when the deployment force was <4 Newtons (N), which was the case when the catheter/access sheath was ≤13F. Increasing UAS size >13F resulted in greater peak forces. In five of the pigs, ureters selected for 14F UAS deployment without previous sequential dilation were injured (PULS ≥3) at a mean threshold force of 4.84 N. Serial dilation had a higher threshold for PULS ≥3 at 5.56 N. Overall, injury of PULS ≥3 was routinely noted when the force applied exceeded 8.1 N. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The UAS-FS reliably measured forces while deploying a UAS. Significant ureteral injury can routinely be avoided if the applied force is <4.84 N; PULS ≥3 routinely occurred when forces exceeded 8.1 N. Serial dilation may allow safe passage at higher deployment forces, as much as 5.56 N.
Supplementary Table S3 from Anagrelide for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S3. Comprehensive drug sensitivity and resistance testing with 200 cancer drugs. Cell viability in GIST882 and GIST48 cell lines was measured in five different concentrations over a 10,000-fold concentration range.&lt;/p&gt;
The time frame for post-suction recruitment manoeuvre (2005)

During mechanical ventilation, patients are connected to the ventilator by an endotracheal tube. The tube needs to be cleaned from mucus by suction, which can cause negative effects such as lung collapse, hypoxemia and desaturation. These can be avoided by preoxygenation, change of ventilator settings, use of closed suction systems and recruitment manoeuvres. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of endotracheal suction during different ventilator settings and by different suction methods. A method to reverse side effects was investigated.In anaesthetized pigs, the effect of suction during volume and pressure-controlled ventilation was investigated, and the effect of different suction systems and catheter sizes were compared. Suction efficacy was investigated in a bench study. The effect of recruitment manoeuvre added after suction, i.e. post-suction recruitment manoeuvre was evaluated.Endotracheal suction causes lung volume loss leading to impaired gas exchange, an effect that is more severe in pressure-controlled ventilation than in volume-controlled ventilation. When 14 French suction catheters were used more side effects were found compared to 12 French catheters, but no difference was found between open and closed suction system in pressure-controlled ventilation. Open suction system was more effective to remove mucus compared to closed system. Post-suction recruitment manoeuvre restored the side effects after the first recruitment when it was applied directly after suction.In conclusion, open endotracheal suction causes impairment in gas exchange and lung mechanics, and more so in pressure-controlled than in volume-controlled mode. These changes can be minimized if smaller suction catheters are used. A post-suction recruitment manoeuvre applied directly after suction restores lung function. It is obvious that the recruitment manoeuvre should be added directly after suction, because if the manoeuvre is delayed and the lung is collapsed and left collapsed, it will be more difficult to recruit the lung.
Demonstrating Demand Management: How Intelligent EV Charging Can Benefit Everyone (2013)

This paper establishes the case for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging demand management through in-field demonstration, electricity network modelling and financial assessment. As part of the Victorian Government Electric Vehicle Trial, DiUS Computing demonstrated EV charging demand management using United Energy’s Smart Grid. Modelling of the United Energy network by the University of Melbourne found that uncontrolled charging would require network augmentation once EVs are adopted by 10% of households. In contrast, managed charging would allow the network to support in excess of 50% uptake using existing capacity and infrastructure. Furthermore, the end-to-end EV charging demand management solution demonstrated by DiUS could be implemented for one tenth the cost of the network augmentation. Although success factors were identified during the demonstration that may serve as an input for demand management program design, electricity market arrangements may be the strongest determinant of adoption generally.
Measuring the cumulative PMD of buried fibers in the network of Deutsche Telekom in a field trial using an RS-POTDR prototype (2008)

An RS-POTDR prototype device is used in a field trial to investigate the spatial distribution of PMD in deployed fibers in the network of Deutsche Telekom. Results help to identify high-PMD fiber sections which contribute the most to the overall link PMD and need to be replaced to enable 40Gbit/s transmission and beyond.
Joint design of space-time mapping and half-sized linear constellation precoding for FDFR STBC with low PAPR and decoding complexity (2006)

Proposed is a joint design of space-time (ST) mapping and half-sized linear constellation precoding (LCP) to provide lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) along with lower decoding complexity while maintaining full-diversity full-rate (FDFR), maximum coding gain, and product distance distribution at the level of conventional STBC with full-sized LCP. The proposed quasi-orthogonal ST mapping with half-sized LCP (Q-HLCP) is shown to have a PAPR advantage so that the Q-HLCP for a nonlinear amplifier with a 3 dB input back-off shows, at most, a 0.5 dB loss compared to the cases involving an ideal amplifier, while the conventional FDFR STBCs employing LCP suffer error floors.
Detection of Fatigue Microdamage in Whole Rat Femora Using Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography (2010)

Microdamage in bone tissue results from repetitive mechanical loading, and the accumulation of microdamage has been implicated with increased fracture susceptibility, including stress fractures in active individuals and fragility fractures in the elderly [1–3]. Conventional methods used to detect microdamage in bone are limited to thin histological sections, which are inherently invasive, destructive, tedious and two-dimensional [3]. A non-destructive, three-dimensional (3-D) method would enable correlation of the spatial location and accumulation of microdamage with variations in the mechanical loading and morphology of whole bones.
Sequential Catalysis: A Metathesis/Dihydroxylation Sequence (2006)

A real step-saver: A single ruthenium–carbene complex catalyzes a sequence of two reactions, namely, a metathesis reaction (ring-closing or cross metathesis) and subsequent dihydroxylation of the newly formed double bond. A variety of cyclic and acyclic cis-diols were prepared in good yields (see scheme). This new methodology provides an interesting alternative to the pinacol coupling. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503552_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Joint compensation of IQ imbalance and frequency offset in OFDM systems (2004)

Zero-IF receivers are gaining interest because they enable low-cost WLAN OFDM terminals. However, zero-IF receivers introduce IQ imbalance which may have a huge impact on performance. Rather than increasing component cost to decrease the IQ imbalance, an alternative is to tolerate the IQ imbalance and compensate it digitally. Current solutions converge too slowly for bursty WLAN communication. Moreover, the tremendous impact of a frequency offset on the IQ estimation/compensation problem is not considered. We analyze joint IQ-CFO estimation/compensation and propose a low-cost, highly effective compensation scheme. For large IQ imbalance (/spl epsi/=10%, /spl Delta//spl phi/=10/spl deg/) and large frequency offset, our solution results in an average remaining degradation below 0.5 dB compared to the reference case without IQ imbalance or frequency offset. It therefore enables the design of low-cost, low-complexity WLAN OFDM receivers.
Improving Wavelet Image Compression with Neural Networks (2001)

We explore the use of neural networks to predict wavelet coefficients for image compression. We show that by reducing the variance of the residual coefficients, the nonlinear prediction can be used to reduce the length of the compressed bitstream. We report results on several network architectures and training methodologies; some pitfalls of the approach are examined and explained.
Detection of nanomechanical motion by evanescent light wave coupling (2007)

The authors demonstrate a technique allowing sensitive nanomechanical motion detection based on the evanescent light wave coupling between two photonic nanowires. Any relative motion between the nanowires results in a change in light coupling, providing a means of registering motion. The in-plane vibrations of a 220nm×400nm×10μm nanomechanical resonator were recorded using this method. An analysis of the sensitivity reveals the potential of this integrated technique to provide fast and sensitive motion detection.
All‐oral, interferon‐free treatment for chronic hepatitis C: cost‐effectiveness analyses (2013)

Interferon-based standard of care treatments (SOC) for chronic hepatitis C are unable to provide high cure rates in certain subgroups of the infected population and can cause debilitating side effects. Clinical trials evaluating all-oral, interferon-free treatments have demonstrated high rates of sustained virologic response with no resistance or major adverse events in most populations. As these drug regimens move towards FDA approval, it will be important to assess their cost-effectiveness in addition to their clinical efficacy. A decision-analytic Markov model with a lifetime, societal perspective was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a generalized all-oral drug regimen compared to SOC by modelling the progression of a 50-year-old, HCV-positive cohort through disease natural history and treatment. In base case analysis, all-oral treatment dominated SOC across a range of willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$44,514/quality-adjusted life year (QALY). In sensitivity analyses, the model was sensitive to all-oral drug costs as well as rates of SVR and treatment uptake among noncirrhotic subjects, but robust to variations in all other parameters. All-oral treatment was most cost-effective among genotype 1 subjects but remained cost-effective for genotypes 2 and 3 at WTP thresholds ≥$80,000/QALY. Quality-adjusted life years gained per dollar spent were maximized in younger treatment cohorts. Using this model, the degree of cost-effectiveness depended on the WTP threshold and the final cost set for approved drug combinations.