gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendritic cells generated in the presence of interferon- stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T-cell proliferation: modulation by autocrine IL-10, enhanced T-cell apoptosis and T regulatory type 1 cells (2004)

Dendritic cells (DCs) generated in the presence of IFN-alpha (IFN-DCs) exhibit high expression of major histocompatibility and co-stimulatory molecules and a potent ability to stimulate CD8(+) T-cell responses. Here, we found that IFN-DCs were more potent stimulators of bulk and purified CD8(+) T-cell proliferation, as compared with IL-4-DCs. In contrast, IFN-DCs were less efficient than IL-4-DCs in stimulating allogeneic CD4(+) T-cell proliferation, due to a weak induction of naive CD4(+)CD45RO(-) T-cell proliferation by these DCs. However, both DC populations induced similar levels of proliferation of memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells. IFN-DCs and IL-4-DCs exhibited a similar phenotype and production of IL-10 following maturation induced by CD40 ligation. In contrast, IFN-DCs produced higher levels of IL-10 during the first days of differentiation. In addition, neutralization of IL-10 during the differentiation of DCs increased the expression of DC-LAMP and MHC class II by IFN-DCs, and the ability of IFN-DCs to stimulate allogeneic CD4(+) T-cell proliferation at similar levels, than IL-4-DCs. Independently of IL-10 production, IFN-DCs were found to induce higher levels of CD4(+)T-cell apoptosis, this effect being more sticking on naive T cells. Finally, we demonstrated that IFN-DCs induced a differentiation bias of naive CD4(+) T cells towards Th1 and Tr1 cells, compared to IL-4-DCs. Taken together, these results indicate that, despite the induction of Tr1 cells and enhanced apoptosis of naive CD4(+) T cells, IFN-DCs are potent stimulators of CD8(+) and memory CD4(+) T cells, and induce a strong polarization of naive CD4(+) T cells towards Th1 cells, further supporting their use in immune-based therapy.
Perquinolines A–C: Unprecedented Bacterial Tetrahydroisoquinolines Involving an Intriguing Biosynthesis (2019)

Metabolic profiling of Streptomyces sp. IB2014/016-6 led to the identification of three new tetrahydroisoquinoline natural products, perquinolines A-C (1-3). Labelled precursor feeding studies and the cloning of the pqr biosynthetic gene cluster revealed that 1-3 are assembled by the action of several unusual enzymes. The biosynthesis starts with the condensation of succinyl-CoA and l-phenylalanine catalyzed by the amino-7-oxononanoate synthase-like enzyme PqrA, representing rare chemistry in natural product assembly. The second condensation and cyclization events are conducted by PqrG, an enzyme resembling an acyl-CoA ligase. Last, ATP-grasp RimK-type ligase PqrI completes the biosynthesis by transferring a γ-aminobutyric acid or β-alanine moiety. The discovered pathway represents a new route for assembling the tetrahydroisoquinoline cores of natural products.
10 MHz peak current mode dc-dc converter IC with calibrated current observer (2011)

Current program mode controllers have not been widely adopted in low-power high frequency dc-dc converters due to the need for an integrated high gain-bandwidth current sensor circuit. This paper presents a peak current program mode controller IC with integrated power-stage that operates at 10 MHz and does not require any high gain-bandwidth analog circuitry in current or voltage loops. A custom bidirectional hybrid delay-line architecture emulates the inductor current based on input and output voltages. A novel calibration circuit is introduced to remove the mismatches between the actual and observed inductor current slopes. The controller consumes 210 μA when the calibration block is off and 430 μA during calibration and the peak efficiency of the converter is 87%.
O79: THE ROLE OF SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS OVER THE AGE OF 80 – HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH? (2021)

Abstract Introduction Recent studies have suggested that sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can be omitted in newly diagnosed elderly breast cancer (BC) patients as it may not influence decisions regarding further therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of SLNB on further surgical intervention as well as adjuvant treatments in patients over the age of 80. Method A retrospective study was performed involving all BC patients over the age of 80 diagnosed between 2008 and 2017 who underwent SLNB as part of their initial surgery. Patient/tumour characteristics and adjuvant treatments were recorded. Result 127 patients underwent SLNB in the study period. The median age was 82 (Range: 80-95). 91/127 (71.6%) had ductal pathology, median tumour grade was 2, and oestrogen receptor positivity was seen in 89% of patients. The median number of sentinel nodes removed was 2 (Range: 1-6). 45 patients (35.4%) had a positive sentinel node (median positive nodes = 1). Of the 45 patients, 11 proceeded to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (11/127; 8.6%). The median number of nodes excised during ALND was 14 (Range:7-25) and 6 patients (6/11) had further positive nodes. 9% of patients with a positive node received adjuvant chemotherapy, 87% received adjuvant radiotherapy and 79% received hormonal therapy. Conclusion Although SLNB positivity is still used in the elderly patients, only a few patients (&amp;lt;10%) proceed to ALND or receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Hence performing a SLNB should be carefully considered when treating patients over the age of 80 Take-home message The use of SLNB in elderly patients needs to be considered in node negative patients
Potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitors of platelet aggregation based upon the Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe sequence of fibrinogen. A proposal on the nature of the binding interaction between the Arg-guanidine of RGDX mimetics and the platelet GP IIb-IIIa receptor (1993)

Peptide mimetics of the RGDF sequence in which Arg-Gly has been replaced with 5-(4-amidinophenyl)pentanoyl mimetic has led to a 1000-fold increase in inhibitory potency over the natural RGDF ligand. The guanidine residue of the arginine may be involved in a reinforced ionic interaction with a carboxylate of the receptor which could explain the dramatic increase in potency upon replacement with benzamidine. This hypothesis is supported by the observation of low inhibitory potency of the corresponding benzylamine (18) and no activity with the corresponding imidazoline derivative (19); plus, ab initio calculations on the respective complexes suggest that the benzamidine-carboxylate is more favorable than the guanidine-carboxylate interaction. The ED50 for the inhibition of ex vivo collagen induced platelet aggregation in the dog for SC-52012 (1) was 0.32 microgram/kg/min by iv infusion with a pharmacodynamic half-life for recovery of approximately 40 min.
Large volume flow rate acoustophoretic phase separator for oil water emulsion splitting (2013)

Efficient separation technologies for multi-component liquid streams that eliminate waste and reduce energy consumption are needed. Current technologies suffer from high cost of energy, use of consumables, fouling, and limited separation efficiency of micron-sized particles. We propose a novel platform technology consisting of a large volume flow rate acoustophoretic phase separator based on ultrasonic standing waves. The acoustic resonator is designed to create a high intensity three dimensional ultrasonic standing wave resulting in an acoustic radiation force that is larger than the combined effects of fluid drag and buoyancy, and is therefore able to trap, i.e., hold stationary, the suspended phase. The action of the acoustic forces on the trapped particles results in concentration, agglomeration, and/or coalescence of particles and droplets. Heavier than water particles are separated through enhanced gravitational settling, and lighter particles through enhanced buoyancy. A first prototype consists of a 2 in. by 1 in. flow chamber driven by a single 1 in. by 1 in. transducer at 2 MHz, with flow rates of 30 L/h, and measured oil separation efficiencies in excess of 95%. A second prototype is designed to further scale the system to flow rates of 150 L/h. [Work supported by NSF SBIR 1215021 and NSF PFI:BIC 1237723.]
Ruthenium Dihydrogen Complex for C–H Activation: Catalytic H/D Exchange under Mild Conditions (2008)

Abstract Catalytic H/D‐exchange reactions were studied with [Ru(dtbpmp)(η 2 ‐H 2 )(H) 2 ] ( 1 ) as catalyst. Under mild reaction conditions (25–75 °C) a wide range of arenes and olefins undergo H/D exchange with [D 6 ]benzene. A preference for protons at sp 2 carbons was observed with conversions up to &gt;90 % and significant regioselectivity in certain cases. For more reaction insights NMR‐based kinetic studies were performed with naphthalene as substrate, revealing an activation energy of 15.8 kcal mol –1 for the H/D exchange at the β‐position. Furthermore, the key steps of the reaction mechanism were investigated by means of DFT calculations for both model complexes (PMe 2 donor sites) and real catalysts (P t Bu 2 donor sites). The calculations resulted in Gibb's free activation energies in the range of 10–16 kcal mol –1 , indicating H/D exchange at the β‐position of naphthalene to be clearly favoured over the α‐position, which is in full accordance with the experimental observations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Toughened epoxy polymers via rearrangement of network topology (2014)

A new toughening mechanism for thermosetting polymers is shown. The technique involves manipulation of polymer network topology allowing the glassy material to deform under loading without rupturing covalent bonds.
Approaches for Minimizing Joints in Single-Degree-of-Freedom Origami-Based Mechanisms (2022)

Abstract Origami patterns have been used in the design of deployable arrays. In engineering applications, paper creases are often replaced with surrogate folds by providing a hinge-like function to enable motion. Overconstraint observed in multivertex origami patterns combined with imperfect manufacturing may cause the resulting mechanisms to bind. The removal of redundant constraints decreases the likelihood of binding, may simplify the overall system, and may decrease the actuation force by reducing friction and other resistance to motion. This paper introduces a visual and iterative approach to eliminating redundant constraints in origami-based mechanisms through joint removal. Several techniques for joint removal are outlined and illustrated to reduce overconstraints in origami arrays.
Sensitivity of a renal K+ channel (ROMK2) to the inhibitory sulfonylurea compound glibenclamide is enhanced by coexpression with the ATP-binding cassette transporter cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. (1996)

We demonstrate here that coexpression of ROMK2, an inwardly rectifying ATP-sensitive renal K+ channel (IKATP) with cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) significantly enhances the sensitivity of ROMK2 to the sulfonylurea compound glibenclamide. When expressed alone, ROMK2 is relatively insensitive to glibenclamide. The interaction between ROMK2, CFTR, and glibenclamide is modulated by altering the phosphorylation state of either ROMK2, CFTR, or an associated protein, as exogenous MgATP and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A significantly attenuate the inhibitory effect of glibenclamide on ROMK2. Thus CFTR, which has been demonstrated to interact with both Na+ and Cl- channels in airway epithelium, modulates the function of renal ROMK2 K+ channels.
Molecular defect of RAPADILINO syndrome expands the phenotype spectrum of RECQL diseases (2003)

The RECQL4 helicase gene is a member of the RECQL gene family, mutated in some Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) patients. Other members of this gene family are BLM mutated in Bloom syndrome, WRN mutated in Werner syndrome and RECQL and RECQL5. All polypeptides encoded by RECQL genes share a central region of seven helicase domains. The function of RECQL4 remains unknown, but based on the domain homology it possesses ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity such as BLM and WRN. Rothmund-Thomson, Bloom and Werner syndromes have overlapping clinical features, of which high predisposition to malignancies is the most remarkable feature. Here we report a fourth syndrome resulting in mutations in the RECQL genes. RAPADILINO syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, radial ray defects and other malformations, as well as infantile diarrhoea, but not by a significant cancer risk. Four mutations in the RECQL4 gene were found in the Finnish patients, the most common mutation representing exon 7 in-frame deletion saving the helicase domain and showing dominant effect over other three nonsense mutations. The tissue expression of Recql4 in mouse well agrees with the tissue symptoms of RAPADILINO. The skeletal malformations in RAPADILINO and RTS patients as well as the high osteosarcoma risk in RTS propose a special role for RECQL4 in bone development.
Editorial Conference Comments by the Editors (2009)

This special issue comprises the refereed proceedings of the 2008 Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications, held in Berkeley, CA, June 2-5, 2008. There are 128 papers in this issue.
The Center for Nutrition, Learning, & Memory: Together Addressing a Grand Challenge (2015)

In 2011, Abbott Nutrition and the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign (UIUC) embarked upon a Grand Challenge in the creation of the nation's first interdisciplinary nutrition and cognition research center, now known as the Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory (CNLM). The Center's objectives are to advance the breadth and depth of scientific knowledge at the intersection of nutrition and neuroscience, and to translate that knowledge into meaningful benefits for cognitive health across the lifespan. To fulfill this mission, the CNLM annually solicits a research competition and funds interdisciplinary, team‐based projects in basic research, method development, and translational/clinical research. Key areas of focus include promotion of neuronal development, enhancement of learning and memory, and mitigation of age‐related cognitive decline. Funded projects are selected by an Executive Committee equally comprised of Abbott &amp; UIUC representatives. Since its inauguration, the CNLM has funded 30 interdisciplinary research projects involving 15 UIUC departments at a rate of over $25 million. Through these projects, the CNLM collaborative network has expanded to include 15 national &amp; international partner institutions along with Abbott scientists across the globe.
Fast color processor with programmable interpolation by small memory (PRISM) (1993)

We present a novel color processor with programmable interpolation by small memory (PRISM). The input/output signals to/from the devices are flexibly converted by a 3-0 look-up table (LUT) with a PRISM interpolator. The PRISM architecture provides a simple computation algorithm with sufficient accuracy. The performance of PRISM interpolation is compared with other conventional methods. In practice, PRISM is less complicated than CUBE and PYRAMID, and more accurate than PYRAMID and TETRAHEDRON. PRISM cuts the memory size of LUT drastically to an orderof iO compared with a full-size LUT method and brings with it a large-scale integration color processor operating at a higher than video rate. The PRISM structure is the most suitable for the perceptual color spaces such as YCrCb or CIELAB and very useful for device-independent color reproduction and transmission. Typical applications by a PRISM color processor are presented.
Restoration of annular zonal isolation using localized casing expansion (LCE) technology: A proof of concept based on laboratory studies and field trial results (2020)

Sustained casing pressure (SCP), surface casing vent flow (SCVF) and other expressions of annular fluid migration are widely encountered zonal isolation issues. Conventional solutions for SCP/SCVF include perforate and squeeze cementing, or section milling and recementing. Regrettably, the former approach shows only limited success rates, while the latter involves time and cost intensive operations that require a drilling rig. We will show that localized casing expansion (LCE) technologies offer promising alternatives, enabling rigless remediation of annular fluid migration. The LCE concept involves imposing permanent deformation on the casing pipe to locally enlarge its diameter. The associated annular volume reduction causes closure of defects such as micro-annuli and cement fractures, plus potentially even larger voids, and results in an overall densification of the cement microstructure. The Shell-developed Local Expander tool is e-line deployable and imposes the required casing deformation in a mechanical, fully controlled manner. Tailored-shaped energetic charges offer valuable supplementary means for achieving expansion. We will demonstrate the sealing effectiveness of LCE in both laboratory experiments and field trials, describe how the radial deformation impacts the casing and cement, and generally discuss the current state of knowledge, capabilities and limitations of LCE with respect to SCP/SCVF remediation.
Simultaneous determination of allantoin, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid in serum/plasma by CE (2006)

Allantoin (All) is an oxidative end product of purines in mammals. The small amount of All present in human plasma or serum results from free radical action on urate and may provide a stable marker of in vivo free radical activity. Because free radicals have been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, this study focused on the metabolic compounds of the All pathway. We propose a new fast CE (CE/UV) method for the simultaneous determination of All, uric acid (UA), hypoxanthine (HX), and xanthine (X) in human plasma. These products were quantified in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure before hemodialysis (n = 6), patients with chronic heart failure (n = 6) and controls (n = 6). The filtered plasma were diluted ten-fold before the direct injection in CE/UV (195 nm), which allows separating the four compounds in less than 13 min. The metabolites were detectable at concentrations of 0.3-0.6 micromol/L. The method was linear over the range 0.5-150 micromol/L for All, HX, and X and 10-1500 micromol/L for UA (r > 0.99). The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory with intra-assay CV < 3.4%, inter-assay CV < 5% (HX and X < 7%), and recovery (93-101%). The proposed CE-UV method appears to be a useful tool for studying physiological and pathological changes of HX, UA, and All levels in plasma samples, the latter being a possible indicator of free radical damage in vivo.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Pitavastatin Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Destabilization/Rupture in Mice by Regulating the Recruitment of Inflammatory Monocytes (2013)

The recruitment of inflammatory monocytes is critical in the pathogenesis of plaque destabilization and rupture, and nanoparticle-mediated pitavastatin delivery is a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit plaque destabilization and rupture by regulating MCP-1/CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment in this model.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels‐Alder Reactions of 1,2,4‐Triazines. Synthesis of Thieno(2,3‐c)pyridines and 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐thiopyrano(2,3‐c)pyridines from 6‐(Alkynylthio)‐1,2,4‐triazines. (1990)

Abstract S‐Alkylation of the 1,2,4‐triazine‐6‐thione (I) with 4‐iodo‐1‐butyne (I) yields the 3‐butynylthio derivative (III) which is converted to the thienopyridines (IV), (VI), or (VIII) via cyclization and oxidation processes.
TMIC-30. TREM1-TARGETED PET IMAGING OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES IN AN ORTHOTOPIC GLIOBLASTOMA MOUSE MODEL (2017)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of glioblastoma (GBM) cellular microenvironment. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) is a membrane receptor acting as a potent amplifier of proinflammatory responses and immune signaling. TREM1 is highly expressed on TAMs, but not cancer cells. Imaging TREM1 could provide a biomarker of functional status of myeloid cells in the context of glioma biology. We synthesized a TREM1-targeted PET tracer and evaluated its ability to detect TAMs in mice. We conjugated anti-TREM1 monoclonal antibody to DOTA, radiolabeled with 64Cu, and performed uptake and blocking studies in cell culture. We then evaluated [64Cu]TREM1-mAb in vivo using an orthotopic GL26 cell model in C57Bl/6 albino mice. One week after implantation, we injected mice with [64Cu]TREM1-mAb (~90mCi) and imaged one day later using PET/CT and MRI. Mice were then perfused to remove possible unbound intravascular [64Cu]TREM1-mAb, and radioactivity in dissected tissues was measured using a gamma-counter. Brain sections from selected GBM and sham mice were further analyzed via ex vivo digital autoradiography and stained with H&E. PET signal from brain tumors was significantly higher than observed in healthy brain regions or sham mice (tumor: 4.10 ± 0.67 %ID/g; normal brain: 1.74 ± 0.57 %ID/g; sham brain: 1.07 ± 0.17%ID/g; p<0.01, n=4). Similarly, biodistribution results revealed significantly higher tracer uptake in the whole brain of GBM mice compared to shams (0.35 ± 0.12 vs. 0.14 ± 0.02 %ID/g, p<0.05, n=4). Autoradiography also showed markedly higher [64Cu]TREM1-mAb binding within tumor compared to normal brain and sham brain slices. This is the first study of a PET tracer targeting TREM1. The ability to image TREM1 levels in vivo and home in on maladaptive immune responses in the GBM microenvironment could profoundly impact the way we understand the neuroinflammatory contribution to glioma biology, as well our ability to select and monitor potentially novel GBM therapies.
<title>Nonseparable two-dimensional multiwavelet transform for image coding and compression</title> (1998)

In most cases of 2D wavelet applications in image processing, and in coding ad compression, separable filters reconstructed by a tensor product of two 1D filters are used. This approach imposes limitations on the design of such filters. We therefore present a method of designing non-separable, orthogonal 2D wavelet functions and filter- banks. We also show how to obtain orthogonal filter-banks which have linear phase and any number of vanishing moments or approximation order. After applying the 2D wavelet transform to an image, we use vector quantization (VQ) and zerotree for coding the wavelet coefficients in an efficient way. For VQ, we use the entropy-constrained vector quantization. The bit allocation for each resolution level is determined automatically during the training process by a Lagrange multiplier method. It is shown that it is better to combine coefficients, that relate to different wavelet functions and the same location, into the same vector, rather than combining neighboring coefficients of the same wavelet function. We also present a different method for the coefficient coding, employing the fact that there exists similarity between the subbands, to increase the efficiency of data compression. This method is based on the embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm, but introduces some modifications: we relate to vectors instead of dealing with each coefficient individually, and the method is adjusted to the specific structure of the transform we use. Quincunx multiwavelets with up to third order polynomial approximation, corresponding to filters with very small support, are considered in detail.