gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Appearance matching of radiographic images using lightness index</title> (1999)

Appearances of images are closely related with the luminance dependence of human visual characteristics. Radiographic images are displayed on the CRTs with various luminance as well as on high luminance light-boxes. We studied a tone scale that can improve consistency in appearance among various devices with different luminance. It is likely that radiologists diagnose images based on the relation between the brightness of region of interest and that of surrounding area. Lightness is defined as a relative brightness of region of interest compared with the maximum luminance level of the image. We think the lightness index can be applied for realizing the appearance matching of radiographic images. Lightness matching can be realized by displaying images with the tone scale which gets agreement of the gradients of the display tone scale, on the logarithm of output luminance vs. input data level plane, among display systems. In this paper we call it a 'lightness-equivalent' characteristic. We evaluated the appearance consistency of images displayed with the log-luminance linear tone scale, as realizing the lightness equivalent characteristic, compared with those displayed with the perceptual-linear tone scale. In evaluation the log-luminance linear tone scale gave almost the same appearance among devices with different luminance. On the other hand, the perceptual-liner tone scale gave lower visual contrast for images on the lower luminance device than the higher luminance device, which might have lead to observers perceiving as different appearances.
Orientation Dependence of the Isoelectric Point of TiO2 (Rutile) Surfaces (2006)

The electroosmotic behavior of the rutile polymorph of titanium dioxide was explored as a function of the crystallographic orientation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to make high-resolution force spectroscopy measurements between a silica sphere attached to a traditional, contact-mode AFM cantilever and TiO2(110), TiO2(100), and TiO2(001) surfaces in aqueous solutions. Measurements were taken in multiple solution conditions across a broad range of pH values, and the resultant force-distance curves were used to deduce relative behaviors of each orientation of rutile, with particular interest in changes of the isoelectric point (iep). Differences in the iep as a function of orientation are explained in terms of differences in both the coordination number and density of acidic and basic sites on the surface. The results were supported by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of a nominal monolayer of palladium metal deposited on each of the three orientations studied. The palladium monolayer served as a means of probing the relative electron affinities of the three surfaces studied, which were exhibited in shifts of the palladium XPS peak that corresponded to differences in the binding energy as a function of the substrate orientation. The correlation between the rutile orientation and the shift in the palladium binding energy corresponded directly to the relationship between the isoelectric point and the orientation, with the surface of lowest isoelectric point exhibiting the highest Pd binding energy.
A Study of the RCS Reduction by Pattern Synthesis for Singly Curved Structures (2013)

본 논문은 단일 곡률 곡면형 구조에서 위상 반사체를 이용하여 정면에서 대칭의 구조를 통한 위상 상쇄 간섭으로 반사를 최소화시키고, 주엽을 여러 방향으로 분리시켜 반사 크기를 낮추어 RCS를 감소시키는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 다중 주엽 반사체는 대조군인 동일 크기와 곡률을 갖는 PEC에 비해 정면과 주엽의 반사 크기가 감소되어 mono-static 레이더 환경과 bi-static 레이더 환경 모두에서 RCS 감소 효과를 갖는다. 제안된 반사체는 단일 주엽 반사체, 이중 주엽 반사체의 중간 과정을 거쳐 다중 주엽 반사체로 설계되었고, 반사체를 구성하는 각 열의 조향각을 달리하는 위상분포를 통해서 빔의 분산을 유도하였으며, 이는 모의실험과 측정을 통하여 검증되었다. 반사체는 중심 주파수 10 GHz에서 <TEX>$240{\times}180mm^2$</TEX>(<TEX>$8{\times}6\;{\lambda}^2$</TEX>)의 크기와 곡률 k=3.3으로 제작되었으며, 측정결과 동일한 크기와 곡률을 갖는 PEC와 비교해 최대 17 dB의 RCS 감소 특성을 보였다. This paper discusses the singly curved phased reflector for reduced RCS pattern, which has minimized RCS level at boresight with a null by phase cancelation and the lowered RCS level of main beam by splitting the main beam into multi directions. Considering the reduced level of boresight and main beam compared to the same sized reference PEC, this proposed multi-beam reflector can be adopted in the mono-static radar and the bi-static radar environment. The proposed reflector is a multi-beam reflector, which has different phase distributions at each row for different steering angle. It is designed through an intermediate stage of a single and dual-beam reflector. The behaviors of the designed reflectors are verified through full-wave simulation and experiment. The reflectors are designed in the frequency of 10 GHz and it has a size <TEX>$240{\times}180mm^2$</TEX>(<TEX>$8{\times}6\;{\lambda}^2$</TEX>) with the curvature k=3.3. From the measured results, the proposed reflectors reduce the reflected power by 17 dB at boresight.
Phase lb combination trial of a MEK inhibitor, pimasertib (MSC1936369B), and a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, SAR245409, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. (2012)

TPS3118 Background: The PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways are frequently aberrantly activated in tumors and interact to promote growth and resistance to treatment. Simultaneous inhibition of both pathways may enhance antitumor activity. This trial investigates the combination of pimasertib, a highly selective MEK1/2 inhibitor, and SAR245409, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01390818). Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) when administered once daily (qd) as a single agent to solid tumor patients (pts) is 90 mg for both compounds. Methods: Pts with advanced solid tumors characterized by frequent alterations of the MAPK or PI3K/mTOR pathways (pancreatic, thyroid, colorectal, non-small cell lung, endometrial, renal, breast, ovarian and melanoma) and/or with identified alterations in genes activating these pathways, adequate performance status and organ function, and no retinal disease are eligible for entry. The primary objective of the trial is to determine the MTD of the combination therapy. Secondary objectives include: safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), biomarker identification and antitumor efficacy (response rate via RECIST v1.1). Both compounds are dosed together qd continuously in 21 day cycles. The study uses a classical 3 + 3 design, with modified Fibonacci (decreasing increments) dose escalation based on occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). In parallel with dose escalation, more pts may be enrolled in already tested lower dose level (DL) cohorts to further evaluate PK, PD, safety and antitumor activity. After MTD confirmation, additional pts may be enrolled in up to 4 disease-specific cohorts based on scientific rationale, and observed preclinical and clinical activity signals. As of January 25th 2012, 20 pts have been treated. No DLTs have been reported.
Synthesis, Characterization and Unusual Near-Infrared Luminescence of 1,1,4,4-Tetracyanobutadienes (2019)

&lt;p&gt; Two 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) derivatives were prepared by [2+2]cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization from ynamides bearing either a pyrene (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;) or a perylene unit (&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;). In addition to panchromatic absorptions in &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;, in the solid state, both compounds unexpectedly display NIR photoluminescence that could be detected up to about 1350 nm. &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Enhancement of spectral change from change of cell nucleus size distribution in epithelium using multiclass linear discriminant (2004)

Here, we propose a new method to enhance the sensitivity of the reflectance spectrum to the scattering feature of the superficial tissue layer. This method is based on multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) in the eigen subspace of the spectrum. Considering the application of scattering imaging, we evaluated this method by performing multispectral imaging of two-layered tissue phantoms. A color map converted from the spectral reflectance well corresponds to variations in the size of the scatter in the first layer. In order to confirm our proposed method works well under more realistic conditions, we performed the computational simulations of the light propagation in the tissue. We used the simulation model combined with the Monte Carlo and the Mie scattering. Its conditions like the slab geometry and the particle distribution of the cell nucleus were estimated by the image measuring of pathological slices. Results on simulations show the possibility of enhancing the sensitivity of the reflectance spectrum to the scattering feature of the superficial tissue layer.
A PESQUISA-AÇÃO E BOAS PRÁTICAS PROFISSIONAIS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PLANO DE GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DE SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE (2021)

De acordo com a legislacao brasileira, toda a instituicao geradora de residuos tem como responsabilidade a elaboracao um Plano de Gerenciamento de Residuos de Servico de Saude (PGRSS). O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar e implantar um PGRSS em uma unidade de saude de uma instituicao federal na cidade do Rio de Janeiro empregando a abordagem da pesquisa-acao. Essa abordagem, combinada a um estudo de caso, utilizou uma survey como forma de coleta de dados sobre a percepcao de 142 individuos que atuam na unidade de saude estudada. Esta pesquisa foi seguida da implementacao do PGRSS na instituicao, fundamentada em um relatorio diagnostico realizado com a participacao do corpo social. A pesquisa-acao se mostrou estrategica para provocar uma aproximacao e envolvimento do corpo social da instituicao de saude na construcao do plano de gerenciamento de residuos, aumentando o potencial de boas praticas para a promocao da saude coletiva.
An analysis of multiple 28.8 kbps call control in PSTN-PSDN communication processing system (2002)

An analysis of multiple users call control of the Communication Processing System (CPS) that supports public information service by connecting PSTN and PSDN is presented in this paper. The aim of the call analysis is to classify access ratio, analyze the cause of errors, and support the efficient data communication in PSTN. The PC communication users access specific database connected to PSDN. The CPS plays an important role of the network node processor. This paper shows that the system status can be monitored by the statistics of PSTN call access ratio, and provides basic data for expanding the I/O devices with a view to load distribution.
Mutations causing Greenberg dysplasia but not Pelger anomaly uncouple enzymatic from structural functions of a nuclear membrane protein (2010)

The lamin B receptor (LBR) is an inner nuclear membrane protein with a structural function interacting with chromatin and lamins, and an enzymatic function as a sterol reductase. Heterozygous LBR mutations cause nuclear hyposegmentation in neutrophils (Pelger anomaly), while homozygous mutations cause prenatal death with skeletal defects and abnormal sterol metabolism (Greenberg dysplasia). It has remained unclear whether the lethality in Greenberg dysplasia is due to cholesterol defects or altered nuclear morphology.To answer this question we characterized two LBR missense mutations and showed that they cause Greenberg dysplasia. Both mutations affect residues that are evolutionary conserved among sterol reductases. In contrast to wildtype LBR, both mutations failed to rescue C14 sterol reductase deficient yeast, indicating an enzymatic defect. We found no Pelger anomaly in the carrier parent excluding marked effects on nuclear structure. We studied Lbr in mouse embryos and demonstrate expression in skin and the developing skeletal system consistent with sites of histological changes in Greenberg dysplasia. Unexpectedly we found in disease-relevant cell types not only nuclear but also cytoplasmatic LBR localization. The cytoplasmatic LBR staining co-localized with ER-markers and is thus consistent with the sites of endogeneous sterol synthesis. We conclude that LBR missense mutations can abolish sterol reductase activity, causing lethal Greenberg dysplasia but not Pelger anomaly. The findings separate the metabolic from the structural function and indicate that the sterol reductase activity is essential for human intrauterine development.
Silicon mirrors and micromirror arrays for spatial laser beam modulation (2002)

This paper deals with design, technology and experimental investigations of mirrors and micromirror arrays made of monocrystalline silicon. Electrostatically operated twin-directional deflecting mirrors and mirror arrays convenient for continuous scanning with working frequencies between several 100 Hz up to 20 kHz will be presented. An experimental data based method to improve the accuracy of model parameters for simulations and to determine the cross coupling between array cells is new in the field of micromechanics and will be shown.
Synthesis of digital holograms by direct binary search (1987)

A new approach to the design of computer-generated holograms makes optimal use of the available device resolution. An iterative search algorithm minimizes an error criterion by directly manipulating the binary hologram and observing the effect on the desired reconstruction. Several measures of error and efficiency useful in assessing the optimality of digital holograms are defined. Methods for designing digital holograms that are based on projections and error diffusion are presented as established techniques for comparison to direct binary search.
Particle size and shape effect of Crumbler® rotary shear-milled granular woody biomass on the performance of Acrison® screw feeder: A computational and experimental investigation (2023)

Physical experiments and discrete element model (DEM) simulations are conducted to evaluate particle characteristics and operation parameter effects on screw feeding performance for rotary shear-milled Douglas fir. Three performance metrics are used: mass flow rate, shaft driving torque, and specific energy consumption. The impact of particle size, particle size distribution (PSD), shaft rotational speed (rpm), and hopper dimensions on the performance are investigated. All employed performance metrics reveal the superior flowability of the 2-mm particles in contrast to the larger 6-mm counterpart. Remarkably, wider PSD results in poorer flowability than the two mono-sized particles, proving the flowability enhancement achieved by narrower PSD of the woody feedstock. More importantly, DEM simulations unveil PSD-induced degradation in flowability is attributed to mechanical interlocking and particle segregation effects. Furthermore, higher shaft rpm causes higher mass flow rate at the cost of higher specific energy consumption due to viscous dissipation and changes in flow pattern.
Evidence for Capillary Waves on Dewetted Polymer Film Surfaces: A Combined X-ray and Atomic Force Microscopy Study (1998)

Surfaces of thin dewetted polyethylene-propylene films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray scattering. The AFM images show the mesoscopic island structure but do not give information about the microscopic roughness of the polymer surface. Together with the AFM data we were able to identify capillary waves on the island surfaces by their specific power laws in the diffuse x-ray scattering signal. The wave number spectrum of these waves is modified by a cutoff introduced by the van der Waals substrate-film interactions.
Monolithic Graphene Trees as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries with High C‐Rates (2015)

Monolithically structured reduced graphene oxide (rGO), prepared from a highly concentrated and conductive rGO paste, is introduced as an anode material for lithium ion batteries with high rate capacities. This is achieved by a mixture of rGO paste and the water-soluble polymer sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) with freeze drying. Unlike previous 3D graphene porous structures, the monolithic graphene resembles densely branched pine trees and has high mechanical stability with strong adhesion to the metal electrodes. The structures contain numerous large surface area open pores that facilitate lithium ion diffusion, while the strong hydrogen bonding between the graphene layers and SCMC provides high conductivity and reduces the volume changes that occur during cycling. Ultrafast charge/discharge rates are obtained with outstanding cycling stability and the capacities are higher than those reported for other anode materials. The fabrication process is simple and straightforward to adjust and is therefore suitable for mass production of anode electrodes for commercial applications.
High prevalence of antibodies to Mycoplasma penetrans in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative and -seropositive populations in Brazzaville, Congo (1997)

In industrialized countries, the prevalence of antibodies to Mycoplasma penetrans is higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive homosexuals than other HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative groups. In an African heterosexual population, we found a higher prevalence of M. penetrans antibodies in HIV-seronegative blood donors (15.5%) than in France (0.9%) or the United States (0.3%) and a prevalence of 13.4% in HIV-seropositive individuals. HIV-seropositive individuals with less than 5% CD4 cells had a higher prevalence of M. penetrans antibodies than individuals with 5% or more CD4 cells (25.0 versus 8.5%).
WDM Transmission via High-Power Fully-Integrated Kerr Frequency Combs (2023)

We demonstrate high-power, fully-integrated Kerr frequency combs by self-injection locking multimode gain chips with silicon-nitride resonators. We demonstrate 25 comb lines &gt; 100 μW with 200 kHz linewidth, and OOK modulation at 12.5 Gb/s.
Highly Efficient and Solution‐Processed Single‐Emissive‐Layer Hybrid White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Tris(triazolo)triazine‐Based Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter (2021)

Abstract Solution processable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters show inferior efficiency to devices produced via vacuum deposition. In this context, solution‐processed hybrid white OLEDs are fabricated using a TADF molecule and iridium complex as the blue and red dopants, respectively. First, solution‐processed OLEDs employing a tristriazolotriazine‐based TADF as the blue dopant are designed and fabricated, yielding maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE max ) of 23.23% with an emission peak at 492 nm. Use of the optimized tristriazolotriazine‐based TADF OLED structure and additional red phosphor achieves highly efficient white light emission with an EQE max of 22.57%, stable Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.34, 0.34), a correlated color temperature of 5000 K, and a color rendering index of 73. Impressively, accelerated lifetime testing shows the white OLED possessing a lifetime to 80% of initial luminance (LT80) of 40 h, and an LT50 of 298 h. To the best of knowledge, the device performance demonstrated in this work is one of the best comprised of solution‐processed blue and fluorescent‐phosphorescent hybrid white OLEDs. This research provides a reliable method for high efficiency solution processable blue TADF and TADF‐phosphorescent hybrid OLEDs.
High-Level Synthesis of In-Circuit Assertions for Verification, Debugging, and Timing Analysis (2011)

Despite significant performance and power advantages compared to microprocessors, widespread usage of FPGAs has been limited by increased design complexity. High-level synthesis (HLS) tools have reduced design complexity but provide limited support for verification, debugging, and timing analysis. Such tools generally rely on inaccurate software simulation or lengthy register-transfer-level simulations, which are unattractive to software developers. In this paper, we introduce HLS techniques that allow application designers to efficiently synthesize commonly used ANSI-C assertions into FPGA circuits, enabling verification and debugging of circuits generated from HLS tools, while executing in the actual FPGA environment. To verify that HLS-generated circuits meet execution timing constraints, we extend the in-circuit assertion support for testing of elapsed time for arbitrary regions of code. Furthermore, we generalize timing assertions to transparently provide hang detection that back annotates hang occurrences to source code. The presented techniques enable software developers to rapidly verify, debug, and analyze timing for FPGA applications, while reducing frequency by less than 3% and increasing FPGA resource utilization by 0.7% or less for several application case studies on the Altera Stratix-II EP2S180 and Stratix-III EP3SE260 using Impulse-C. The presented techniques reduced area overhead by as much as 3x and improved assertion performance by as much as 100% compared to unoptimized in-circuit assertions.
Magnetic Properties ofbecFeRhx xMx Systems (1994)

Themagnetic properties of ordered becFeRhlxMx alloys (M=Fe, Co,Ni, Pd, IrandPt) werestudied, intermsofcorre¬ lationsamong the antiferromagneti c- ferromagnetic transition temperature T0, Cu¬ rietemperature, magnetization, andlattice constant. Substitution ofthe3delement M for Rhdiminishes thetransition temperature T0, since thelarge magnetic momentoftheM atomstabilizes theferromagnetism. Moreo¬ ver, a first-order antiferromagneti c- paramagnetic transition was observed inan FeRhj xIrx system. Themechanism ofsuch first-order phase transitions can beexplained phenomenologically
Development of Antennas for Radially Polarized Terahertz Radiation (2005)

University -Recent advances in ultrafast optical techniques have created many new opportunities for sensing and imaging with terahertz radiation.However, much difficulty has been encountered when attempting to develop waveguiding techniques for terahertz pulses.An effective waveguide must exhibit both low loss and low dispersion over a broad frequency bandwidth.It has been demonstrated that a radial mode traveling down a cylindrical metal wire is a promising candidate.Unfortunately, typical Hertzian dipoles generate a linearly polarized field, which couples very poorly to the radially polarized guided mode.We describe a novel photoconductive terahertz antenna design with radial symmetry, which should permit significant improvement in coupling to cylindrical wire waveguides.Finite element simulations demonstrate that this antenna is capable of producing the desired radial mode.Simulations of the antenna coupling to the wire waveguide suggest that a coupling efficiency of greater than 50% is achievable.Experimental analysis of the fabricated antenna supports these simulated results.
2 x 64 GaAs readout for IR FPA application (1992)

A high-speed 2 x 64 GaAs readout with direct injection input has been demonstrated. The readout was fabricated in E/D MESFET technology and is intended for hybridization to photovoltaic detector arrays, specifically PV HgCdTe, for use at long wavelength infrared (LWIR) backgrounds (greater than 5 x 10 exp 15 photons/sq cm). System-limited data rate of 50 MHz was achieved at reasonable power dissipation of not greater than 125 mW. Enhancement-mode MESFETs in both implanted and heterostructure E/D MESFET structures were observed to have low 1/f noise and high subthreshold ideality. The noise spectral density of superlattice-buffered heterostructure E-MESFETs operating at drain current of 500 nA (nominal tactical LWIR detector current) was typically about 2 micro-V/Hz exp 1/2 at 1 Hz, which is comparable to silicon NMOS. This is lower than needed for background limited IR photodetector focal plane array sensitivity.