gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delay tolerant routing protocol for heterogeneous marine vehicular mobile ad-hoc network (2017)

Delay tolerant networks (DTN) are characterized by lack of end-to-end communications and stable infrastructures. This paper deals with DTN networks consisting of a number of heterogeneous mobile fishing vessels where some nodes, referred to as adaptive nodes, are capable of communicating through long-range Wi-Fi whereas other nodes are having simple Wi-Fi access network. The nodes form different clusters consisting of adaptive nodes and access nodes. Message routing in this heterogeneous network happens through adaptive nodes if the source and destination nodes belong to different clusters. Real data from field study reflects that mobile nodes in this network follow Gaussian-Markov mobility model and may have high inter-meeting arrival time based on deployment and node density. Our proposed DTN routing protocol incorporates simple encounter-based message forwarding and achieves lower latency and high delivery probability in the range of 90-98% for most of the scenarios. The proposed protocol is verified through a realistic mobile ad-hoc wireless simulator.
Первый опыт использования препарата Визомитин в терапии «сухого глаза» (2012)

Results on open randomized controlled comparative clinical trial on efficacy and safety of novel pharmaceautical Visomitin in the treatment of 'dry eye' patients are reported. Visomitin is the first pharmaceautical containing mitochondria-targeted antioxidant as an active substance. In this study Visomitin showed high efficacy in dry eye treatment. Results on recovery of subjective condition, visual acuity, clinical parameters and diagnostic tests data are reported.
La France, une terre d’asile pour les chercheurs en danger (2018)

International audience
An expected least-squares beamforming approach to signal estimation with steering vector uncertainties (2006)

We treat the problem of beamforming for signal estimation in the presence of steering vector uncertainties, where the goal is to estimate a signal amplitude from a set of array observations. Conventional beamforming methods typically aim at maximizing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Recently, a maximum likelihood (ML) approach was introduced that leads to an iterative beamformer. Here we suggest an expected least-squares (LS) strategy that results in a simple linear beamformer. We then demonstrate through simulations that the LS beamformer often performs similarly to the ML method in terms of mean-squared error and outperforms conventional SINR-based approaches.
CPM-based radar waveforms for efficiently bandlimiting a transmitted spectrum (2009)

In this paper we shall demonstrate how a polyphase-coded radar waveform can be implemented using a continuous phase modulation (CPM) framework so as to achieve spectral containment while maintaining a constant envelope to maximize energy-on-target. Current modulation techniques such as derivative phase shift keying (DPSK) and minimum shift keying (MSK), which are applicable to binary-coded waveforms, are well-known implementation schemes for spectral containment. The CPM implementation is applicable to polyphase codes and can also achieve better spectral containment, though a by-product is increased range sidelobes that result due to the deviation from the idealized code (implicitly defined for squared-shaped chips). To ameliorate the increased range sidelobes, a version of least-squares mismatched filtering is employed that accommodates the continuous nature of the CPM structure. Also, continuous rise/fall-time transitions of the pulse are addressed as part of the holistic implementation of the CPM-based waveform. It is observed that for the CPM implementation the rise/fall-time becomes the limiting factor on spectral containment and a rather simple scheme based on Chireaux out-phasing is suggested as a means to ldquoslow downrdquo the pulse rise/fall.
Integrated photon sources for quantum information science applications (2017)

Ring resonators are used as photon pair sources by taking advantage of the materials second or third order non- linearities through the processes of spontaneous parametric downconversion and spontaneous four wave mixing respectively. Two materials of interest for these applications are silicon for the infrared and aluminum nitride for the ultraviolet through the infrared. When fabricated into ring type sources they are capable of producing pairs of indistinguishable photons but typically suffer from an effective 50% loss. By slightly decoupling the input waveguide from the ring, the drop port coincidence ratio can be significantly increased with the trade-off being that the pump is less efficiently coupled into the ring. Ring resonators with this design have been demonstrated having coincidence ratios of 96% but requiring a factor of ~10 increase in the pump power. Through the modification of the coupling design that relies on additional spectral dependence, it is possible to achieve similar coincidence ratios without the increased pumping requirement. This can be achieved by coupling the input waveguide to the ring multiple times, thus creating a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This coupler design can be used on both sides of the ring resonator so that resonances supported by one of the couplers are suppressed by the other. This is the ideal configuration for a photon-pair source as it can only support the pump photons at the input side while only allowing the generated photons to leave through the output side. Recently, this device has been realized with preliminary results exhibiting the desired spectral dependence and with a coincidence ratio as high as ~ 97% while allowing the pump to be nearly critically coupled to the ring. The demonstrated near unity coincidence ratio infers a near maximal heralding efficiency from the fabricated device. This device has the potential to greatly improve the scalability and performance of quantum computing and communication systems.
Developing Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylations of Carbonyl‐Activated CH Bonds (2003)

This chapter deals with two different Pd-catalyzed processes: Suzuki approach and arylation of carbonyl-activated C-H bonds. These processes are scaled in the pilot plant as the key bond-forming reactions in the synthesis of drug candidate non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (NNRT). Detailed optimizations of all unit operations including economics, safety, throughput, cycle times, catalyst loading, and metal removal have led to robust and reproducible cross-couplings that were successfully executed at multikilogram scale. The chapter talks about palladium purging from active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
Network Coding Fundamentals (2006)

Network Coding Fundamentals reviews the basic techniques with emphasis on multicasting over error free links. It starts from the main theorem in network coding, and proceeds to discuss tools used in the context of network coding, network code design techniques, benefits, complexity requirements, and methods to deal with cycles and delay. Network Coding Fundamentals is an introduction to the basic concepts and results in network coding. It also serves as an excellent review the state of the art in a number of topics and provides pointers to open research directions.
Isobutylhydroxyamides from the Pericarp of Nepalese Zanthoxylum armatum Inhibit NF1-Defective Tumor Cell Line Growth (2012)

A neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-based bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation on Zanthoxylum armatum collected in Nepal led to the isolation of new timuramides A-D (1-4) and six known sanshools (5-10). The structures of all compounds were established by using modern spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR analysis and comparison with previously reported data. Most of the compounds inhibited growth of an Nf1- and p53-deficient mouse glioma cell line at noncytotoxic concentrations.
Bioinspiriertes Molekulardesign von lichtsammelnden Multiporphyrinsystemen (2003)

Abstract Jüngste Fortschritte bei Grundlagenstudien zu Multiporphyrinsystemen geben Aufschluss über die maßgeblichen Strukturparameter für das Molekulardesign von künstlichen Lichtsammelantennen, die die radähnlichen Antennenkomplexe photosynthetischer Purpurbakterien imitieren. “Kovalente” und “nichtkovalente” Ansätze kamen für den Aufbau von künstlichen lichtsammelnden Multiporphyrinsystemen zum Einsatz. Diese lassen sich in die Kategorien ring‐, windmühlen‐, sternförmig und dendritisch einteilen, wobei insbesondere die dendritischen Multiporphyrinsysteme als vielversprechende Kandidaten gelten. Sie verfügen über einen hohen Absorptionsquerschnitt und ermöglichen einen zielgerichteten vektoriellen Energietransfer über große Entfernungen. Erwartet wird, dass sich solche molekularen und supramolekularen Systeme als leistungsstarke Komponenten für die molekulare Elektronik und in photonischen Bauelementen eignen.
Characterization of synthetic copolymers by interaction polymer chromatography: Separation by microstructure (2010)

Gradient elution of synthetic polymers has been studied both theoretically and experimentally using normal and reversed-phase HPLC systems. An accurate equation describing the gradient elution of polymer-homologous series in the context of continuous random-flight model of a flexible polymer chain interacting with attractive surface of the porous material has been derived and experimentally verified against a series of narrow polystyrene standards. Both the theory and the experiment predict the existence of molar mass-independent gradient elution at critical point of adsorption (CPA). The extension of the theory to synthetic copolymers predicts the existence of the CPA for statistical copolymers and describes its dependence on chemical composition and microstructure (blockiness) of the polymer chains. One of the important theoretical conclusions is that blockiness always increases the retention, so that blockier polymer chains elute later than their more random counterparts with the same chemical composition. This prediction has been confirmed experimentally using block and statistical styrene-methylmethacrylate copolymers. Block copolymers do not have CPA and always elute between critical points of the corresponding homopolymers. The retention depends on the polymer molar mass and increases with the length of the blocks from a stronger absorbing monomer. These findings provide theoretical and experimental bases for separation of statistical and block copolymers by chemical composition and microstructure of polymer chains.
In-Operando Determination of SOFC Cathode Oxygen Surface Exchange Coefficients for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Kinetics (2017)

Application of cathodic polarization can cause significant changes to the oxygen surface exchange activity of SOFC cathode materials. Therefore, we modified our heterogeneous catalyst system to develop a first-of-its-kind novel in-operando 18O isotope exchange technique to measure surface exchange processes under electrochemical polarization. This system allows oxygen reduction reaction investigations under real operating conditions. The effect of polarization and temperature on the surface exchange of LSM, LSCF, LSC and LSF cathode materials was investigated. Significant differences were observed for oxygen exchange with and without polarization, depending on the type of material. A model was developed for the understanding and analysis of oxygen exchange profiles under in-operando conditions. The acquired data was fitted to this model, using parameters obtained from simple electrochemical measurements. Using this model, the oxygen exchange coefficient of SOFC cathode materials can be predicted as a function of applied potential. These predictions can be used to rationally optimize cathode material composition and structure, and subsequently be used to determine and predict cathode degradation mechanisms.
Tandem Double Intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Nitroalkenes. The Fused/Bridged Mode. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Genetic Deletion of NR3A Accelerates Glutamatergic Synapse Maturation (2012)

Glutamatergic synapse maturation is critically dependent upon activation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs); however, the contributions of NR3A subunit-containing NMDARs to this process have only begun to be considered. Here we characterized the expression of NR3A in the developing mouse forebrain and examined the consequences of NR3A deletion on excitatory synapse maturation. We found that NR3A is expressed in many subcellular compartments, and during early development, NR3A subunits are particularly concentrated in the postsynaptic density (PSD). NR3A levels dramatically decline with age and are no longer enriched at PSDs in juveniles and adults. Genetic deletion of NR3A accelerates glutamatergic synaptic transmission, as measured by AMPAR-mediated postsynaptic currents recorded in hippocampal CA1. Consistent with the functional observations, we observed that the deletion of NR3A accelerated the expression of the glutamate receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and GluR1 in the PSD in postnatal day (P) 8 mice. These data support the idea that glutamate receptors concentrate at synapses earlier in NR3A-knockout (NR3A-KO) mice. The precocious maturation of both AMPAR function and glutamate receptor expression are transient in NR3A-KO mice, as AMPAR currents and glutamate receptor protein levels are similar in NR3A-KO and wildtype mice by P16, an age when endogenous NR3A levels are normally declining. Taken together, our data support a model whereby NR3A negatively regulates the developmental stabilization of glutamate receptors involved in excitatory neurotransmission, synaptogenesis, and spine growth.
Sleeping dogs of the genome (2014)

Retrotransposable elements may be agents of somatic diversity, disease, and aging
Campylobacter jejuni Lipooligosaccharide Sialylation, Phosphorylation, and Amide/Ester Linkage Modifications Fine-tune Human Toll-like Receptor 4 Activation (2013)

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. C. jejuni lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a potent activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-mediated innate immunity. Structural variations of the LOS have been previously reported in the oligosaccharide (OS) moiety, the disaccharide lipid A (LA) backbone, and the phosphorylation of the LA. Here, we studied LOS structural variation between C. jejuni strains associated with different ecological sources and analyzed their ability to activate TLR4 function. MALDI-TOF MS was performed to characterize structural variation in both the OS and LA among 15 different C. jejuni isolates. Cytokine induction in THP-1 cells and primary monocytes was correlated with LOS structural variation in each strain. Additionally, structural variation was correlated with the source of each strain. OS sialylation, increasing abundance of LA d-glucosamine versus 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose, and phosphorylation status all correlated with TLR4 activation as measured in THP-1 cells and monocytes. Importantly, LOS-induced inflammatory responses were similar to those elicited by live bacteria, highlighting the prominent contribution of the LOS component in driving host immunity. OS sialylation status but not LA structure showed significant association with strains clustering with livestock sources. Our study highlights how variations in three structural components of C. jejuni LOS alter TLR4 activation and consequent monocyte activation.
High-temperature decomposition of tetramethyldioxetane: measurements of gas-phase chemiexcitation yields (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-temperature decomposition of tetramethyldioxetane: measurements of gas-phase chemiexcitation yieldsM. A. Tolbert, D. L. Huestis, and M. J. RossiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 14, 4094–4099Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/j100325a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (789 KB) Get e-Alerts
Prevention of atelectasis by continuous positive airway pressure in anaesthetised children (2020)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03461770.
Understanding cyclic trends in social choices (2012)

Motivated by trends in popularity of products, we present a formal model for studying trends in our choice of products in terms of three parameters: (1) their innate utility; (2) individual boredom associated with repeated usage of an item; and (3) social influences associated with the preferences from other people. Different from previous work, in this paper we introduce boredom to explain the cyclic pattern in individual and social choices. We formally model boredom and show that a rational individual would make cyclic choices when considering the boredom factor. Furthermore, we extend the model to social choices by showing that a society that votes for a particular style or product can be viewed as a single individual cycling through different choices.
An LQR theory for systems with asymmetric saturating actuators (2016)

This paper presents an LQR-based method, referred to as A-SLQR, for systems with asymmetric (i.e., non-odd) saturating actuators. The development is based on a technique referred to as stochastic linearization, which approximates the saturation function by an equivalent gain and an equivalent bias. The equations for computing the gain and bias are presented, and their properties are explored. Using the stochastically linearized system, the A-SLQR problem is formulated as an optimization problem, and is solved using the Lagrange multiplier method. The solution is shown to consist of the usual Lyapunov and Riccati equations, coupled with additional equations that account for the equivalent gain and bias. The efficacy of the developed technique is illustrated through a detailed numerical example, where it is shown that the technique outperforms the standard LQR because saturation is taken into account directly at the design stage.
Eu3+@Organo-Si(HIPE) Macro-Mesocellular Hybrid Foams Generation: Syntheses, Characterizations, and Photonic Properties (2008)

The elaboration of organosilica-based hybrid monoliths exhibiting a hierarchically structured bimodal porous structure with chelating functionality have been synthesized under interplay between high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) and lyotropic mesophases. For the first time grafted Eu3+@gβ-diketone-Si(HIPE) and Eu3+@gmalonamide-Si(HIPE) hybrid foams have been synthesized while a related Eu3+@β-diketone-Si(HIPE) material has been obtained under a one-step co-condensation process. The loading of monoliths with lanthanides was performed by impregnation of an europium(III) salt in solution. The resulting materials have been thoroughly characterized via a large set of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), mercury porosimetry, nitrogen sorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and 29Si and 13C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). This new series of luminescent Eu3+ containing Organo-Si(HIPE) materials has a large potential of promising applications in catalysis, optics, sensors, chromatographic supports, and so forth. For the first time, optical properties of these versatile materials with macro- and microporosity have been addressed thorough their absorption and emission spectra along with their relaxation luminescence properties.
On Large-Batch Training for Deep Learning: Generalization Gap and Sharp\n Minima (2016)

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method and its variants are algorithms\nof choice for many Deep Learning tasks. These methods operate in a small-batch\nregime wherein a fraction of the training data, say $32$-$512$ data points, is\nsampled to compute an approximation to the gradient. It has been observed in\npractice that when using a larger batch there is a degradation in the quality\nof the model, as measured by its ability to generalize. We investigate the\ncause for this generalization drop in the large-batch regime and present\nnumerical evidence that supports the view that large-batch methods tend to\nconverge to sharp minimizers of the training and testing functions - and as is\nwell known, sharp minima lead to poorer generalization. In contrast,\nsmall-batch methods consistently converge to flat minimizers, and our\nexperiments support a commonly held view that this is due to the inherent noise\nin the gradient estimation. We discuss several strategies to attempt to help\nlarge-batch methods eliminate this generalization gap.\n
The efficiency challenge of nitride light‐emitting diodes for lighting (Phys. Status Solidi A 5∕2015) (2015)

The award of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics to I. Akasaki, H. Amano and S. Nakamura “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes” (LEDs) illustrates the worldwide societal impact of nitrides. However, despite the remarkable achievements of the pioneers and their followers, there are still scientific and technological roadblocks for LEDs to reach their physical limits. Claude Weisbuch and coworkers (see pp. 899–913) discuss the challenges encountered by LEDs in their generalized application to solid-state lighting. Today's high performance is only obtained in the blue/violet spectral range and at low carrier injection, a few A/cm2. Operation at high current densities, a prerequisite to lower lamp costs, leads to a nonlinear phenomenon, called droop, which diminishes the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) as a function of current density. This results in two major components of the cost of ownership of LED lamps: (i) one needs multiple LED chips to deliver the needed light output, raising the initial lamp cost; (ii) LEDs are operated at a diminished IQE which increases the electricity costs, and also increases the thermal load putting a costly burden on the package. The main challenge for LEDs is then to reduce the droop phenomenon, which will result in high-output single chip lamps, higher efficiencies and lower-cost lamp packages. [To honour the laureates of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2014, the cover of this pss (a) issue shows a specially designed pss logo assembled from blue nitride LEDs (courtesy of Armin Dadgar, Technical University of Magdeburg)].