gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lapatinib induces HER2 stabilization and enhances the antitumor activity of trastuzumab in vivo (2008)

2559 Lapatinib is a HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has clinical activity in HER2 amplified breast cancer. In vitro studies have shown that lapatinib enhances the effects of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and studies with this combination are under way in patients. In order to dissect the differential effects of these agents given alone and in combination, we have studied receptor expression and receptor signaling and have explored a new potential mechanism underlying the profound antitumor activity that we have observed with the combination in HER2 overexpressing tumor xenografts. Lapatinib given alone or in combination with trastuzumab to HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells SKBR3 and MCF7-HER2, inhibited HER2 phosphorylation resulting in a marked accumulation of inactive receptors at the cell surface. By contrast, trastuzumab alone caused enhanced HER2 phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation. By computational protein modelling and immunoprecipitation techniques we demonstrated that, in presence of lapatinib, the accumulation of HER2 coincided with the stabilization of inactive HER2 homo- (HER2/HER2) and heterodimers (HER2/EGFR and HER2/HER3). Accumulation of HER2 induced by lapatinib and downregulation of HER2 mediated by trastuzumab were observed also in vivo, where the combination of the two agents triggered complete tumor remission after 10 days of treatment. Using an in vitro model that mimicked the effects of lapatinib in stabilizing HER2 we showed that accumulation of inactive receptor at the cell surface was sufficient to enhance immune-mediated trastuzumab-dependent cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of lapatinib on HER2 phosphorylation can influence receptor stability and dimerization, resulting in enhanced or prolonged trastuzumab binding/activity.
Visual face scanning and emotion perception analysis between autistic and typically developing children (2017)

Autism is a neuro-developmental condition that is characterized by a number of unconventional behaviors such as restricted and repetitive activities. It is often largely attributed to deficiency in communication and social interaction. Therefore, it is difficult to make autistic individuals, especially children, to comply with researches that aim at comprehending this condition. However, with the availability of non-invasive eye-tracking technology, this problem has become easier to deal with. The following research probes into the visual face scanning patterns and emotion recognition between 21 autistic and 21 control or TD (typically developing) children when displayed pictures of 6 basic emotions (happy, sad, angry, disgusted, fearful and surprised). Tobii EyeX Controller was used to attain the gaze data and the data was processed and analyzed in MATLAB. The results revealed that children with autism look less at the core features of the face (eyes, nose and mouth) while scanning faces and have more difficulty in perceiving the correct emotion compared to the typically developing children. This atypical face scanning and lack of preference to the core features of the face can be the reason why autistic individuals have trouble understanding others' emotions and an overall incompetency in communication and social interaction. To delve more into this, further eye-tracking, neuroimaging and behavioral studies should be done in integration.
Visualization of Multipolar Longitudinal and Transversal Surface Plasmon Modes in Nanowire Dimers (2011)

We study the transversal and longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonances in single nanowires and nanowire dimers excited by the fast traveling electron beam in a transmission electron microscope equipped with high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Bright and dark longitudinal modes up to the fifth order are resolved on individual metallic nanowires. On nanowire dimers, mode splitting into bonding and antibonding is measured up to the third order for several dimers with various aspect ratio and controlled gap size. We observe that the electric field maxima of the bonding modes are shifted toward the gap, while the electric field maxima of the antibonding modes are shifted toward the dimer ends. Finally, we observe that the transversal mode is not detected in the region of the dimer gap and decays away from the rod more rapidly than the longitudinal modes.
Hybrid Nanotechnologies for Detection and Synergistic Therapies for Breast Cancer (2012)

Abstract : This is a joint project by two Innovator Awardees and a Scholar to develop a novel nanotechnology platform for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The prevalence of breast cancer and the large number of deaths from this disease underscore the need for a paradigm shift in the strategies towards developing a cure for breast cancer. Nanotechnology has the potential of causing such a paradigm shift. Current work focuses on the development of novel peptide probes and probe strategies for the targeting of breast cancers, including very early pre-malignant lesions. Another focus is development of drug conjugates, nanomedicines and diagnostic nanosystems for therapeutic and theranostic targeting of breast cancers.
Articulatory analysis and synthesis of speech (2003)

Recent progress in developing automatic articulatory analysis-synthesis procedures is described. The goal of the research is to find ways to fully exploit the advantages of articulatory modeling in producing natural-sounding speech from text and in low-bit-rate coding. Estimation of articulatory parameters by analysis-synthesis appears to be the most effective way of obtaining large amounts of data on human articulation. The problems and some solutions in developing articulatory analysis-synthesis schemes at the phoneme-level and frame-level are addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Extreme resistance to Potato Virus Y in potato carrying the Ry sto gene is mediated by a TIR-NLR immune receptor (2018)

ABSTRACT Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major potato pathogen that causes annual losses of billions of dollars. Control of its transmission requires extensive use of environmentally damaging insecticides. Ry sto confers extreme resistance (ER) to PVY and is a valuable trait in resistance breeding programs. We isolated Ry sto using Resistance gene enrichment sequencing (RenSeq) and PacBio SMRT (Pacific Biosciences Single-Molecule Real Time Sequencing). Ry sto encodes a nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat (NLR) protein with an N-terminal TIR domain, and is sufficient for PVY perception and extreme resistance in transgenic potato plants. We investigated the requirements for Ry sto -dependent extreme resistance, and showed that Ry sto function is temperature-independent and requires EDS1 and NRG1 proteins. Ry sto may prove valuable for creating PVY-resistant cultivars of potato and other Solanaceae crops.
Micro-ultrasound for preclinical imaging (2011)

Over the past decade, non-invasive preclinical imaging has emerged as an important tool to facilitate biomedical discovery. Not only have the markets for these tools accelerated, but the numbers of peer-reviewed papers in which imaging end points and biomarkers have been used have grown dramatically. High frequency 'micro-ultrasound' has steadily evolved in the post-genomic era as a rapid, comparatively inexpensive imaging tool for studying normal development and models of human disease in small animals. One of the fundamental barriers to this development was the technological hurdle associated with high-frequency array transducers. Recently, new approaches have enabled the upper limits of linear and phased arrays to be pushed from about 20 to over 50 MHz enabling a broad range of new applications. The innovations leading to the new transducer technology and scanner architecture are reviewed. Applications of preclinical micro-ultrasound are explored for developmental biology, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. With respect to the future, the latest developments in high-frequency ultrasound imaging are described.
Interaction of phytate with protein and minerals in a soybean–maize meal blend depends on pH and calcium addition (2007)

Abstract In order to investigate possible interactions of phytate with protein and minerals in simplified animal diets, studies were conducted on the solubility of endogenous phytate, protein and essential minerals in a soybean–maize meal blend within a physiological relevant pH range. The blend was mixed with water for 10 min and then allowed to incubate at 40 °C (30 min) after adjustment of the pH. Finally, soluble phytate, protein, zinc, manganese and iron were determined. Phytate and mineral solubility was highly influenced by pH whereas protein solubility was less affected. Addition of 5 g Ca 2+ kg −1 drastically reduced the solubility of phytate, zinc, manganese and iron at pH above 4.4, indicating that the formation of insoluble phytate–mineral complexes is increased in the presence of calcium. The action of pepsin increased the solubility of protein and phytate at pH below 4, indicating that insoluble phytate–protein complexes are present at low pH. Calcium had the same solubilising effect as pepsin at pH 2–4 but to a lesser degree. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
An endoscopically implantable gastric stimulator (2013)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Modification of the disulfide bridge in cyclic melanotropins (1984)

We have prepared a cyclic analog containing a thiomethylene bridge in place of the disulfide bridge in order to further analyze the importance of a cyclic structure for the biological activity of α-MSH (α-melanotropin, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone) and to determine if the biological activity of [Cys 4 , Cys 10 ]-α-MSH is related to disulfide interchange. The carba analog was based on the highly potent Ac-[Cys 4 , Cys 10 ]-α-MSH 4-13 -NH 2 fragment analog in which cysteine in residue 4 was replaced by 3-mercaptopropanoic acid (Mpa). This carba analog was slightly less active than the disulfide bridged compound in both in vitro bioassay systems tested (frog and lizard skin systems). Oxidation of the carba analog to the sulfoxide led to a moderate loss of activity in both assays. We also reduced the 4-13 disulfide-containing compound [Mpa 4 , Cys 10 ]-α-MSH 4-13 -NH 2 and examined the reduced analog for melanotropic activity. It was found that opening of the disulfide led to a large loss of potency. The bis-sulfhydryl compound may have been non-specifically bound to, and/ or internalized inside the tissue, but did not show any inhibitory activity.
Supplementary Data from Stress-Mediated Reprogramming of Prostate Cancer One-Carbon Cycle Drives Disease Progression (2023)

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Review: Development and therapeutic potential of incretin hormone analogues for type 2 diabetes (2005)

The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes and increasing burden of diabetic complications requires new approaches to diabetes therapy. An encouraging new approach for development of future anti-diabetic drugs is based on analogues of incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Both peptides reduce postprandial glucose by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin release and exert a number of other beneficial actions including trophic effects on the beta-cell. Efforts are currently focused on developing stable analogues of GLP-1 and GIP which are resistant to dipeptidylpeptidase IV mediated degradation and renal filtration. Thus, by increasing the half-life and potency of these incretins, they should become a new class of agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
A Practical Step Forward Toward Software-Defined Radio Transmitters (2007)

After many years of research and development in the wireless communication community, software defined radio (SDR) is no longer an unachievable dream. In this paper, we present a significant step forward toward practical SDR transmitters. Motivated by the reconfigurability, programmability and available computational power in a commercial Digital RF Processor (DRP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> )-based single-chip GSM/EDGE radio, we succeeded to modulate the RF carrier with P25 compliant C4FM (continuous 4-level FM) data. P25 is a digital public safety standard that operates in the 746-806 MHz frequency band, which is different from the normal operation band of the GSM/EDGE chip. The modulation is based completely on software without need for any hardware modifications. The measurement results show that the transmitted signal spectrum is compliant with the P25 standard specifications. We also show that the work presented in this paper can be extended to provide more elaborate modulation schemes.
Min-cost Max-flow characterization of shared-FDL optical switches (2009)

We characterize the assignment of shared fiber delay loops (FDLs) in optical switches as a min-cost max-flow problem to obtain a bound on their optimum performance.
Assessing Technical Skill in Surgery and Endoscopy: A Set of Metrics and an Algorithm (C-PASS) to Assess Skills in Surgical and Endoscopic Procedures (2007)

Historically, the performance of surgeons has been assessed subjectively by senior surgical staff in both training and operating environments. In this work, the position and motion of surgical instruments are analyzed through an objective process, denoted C-PASS, to measure surgeon performance of laparoscopic, endoscopic, and image-guided procedures. To develop C-PASS, clinically relevant performance characteristics were identified. Then measurement techniques for parameters that represented each characteristic were derived, and analytic techniques were implemented to transform these parameters into explicit, robust metrics. The metrics comprise the C-PASS performance assessment method, which has been validated over the last 3 years in studies of laparoscopy and endoscopy. These studies show that C-PASS is straightforward, reproducible, and accurate. It is sufficiently powerful to assess the efficiency of these complex processes. It is likely that C-PASS and similar approaches will improve skills acquisition and learning and also enable the objective comparison of systems and techniques.
Development of a slurry technique for the determination of cadmium in dried foods by electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry (1986)

A method is described for the the determination of cadmium in foods by atomic absorption spectrometry with direct slurry introduction into an electrothermal atomiser. Oxygen infusion facilitates in situ ashing of samples and avoids the build up of carbonaceous residue in the tube. The optimised conditions obtained for instrumental and slurry formation are detailed. Statistical evaluation of results from certified material indicate that the slurry method is both accurate and comparable in precision to traditional wet- and dry-ashing procedures. Calibration is achieved by a simple standard additions technique.
Fuzzy Classification of Trip Mode Based on Large Scale Location Data (2011)

Traffic demand data are important to strategically solve the traffic congestion problem.Large scale location data can be extracted from Wireless Communication Network and GPS system.These data can provide entire trip trajectory and valuable traffic demand related information.This paper proposes a fuzzy classification method to identify trip mode based on prior knowledge of general traffic modes.The input of this method is trip properties extracted from trip trajectory data.This Method adopts Fuzzy Reasoning Method to archive satisfactory distinction of three trip modes including automobile,biking and walking.This Method can provide trip mode identification results for the transportation planning practices,and has lower cost and shorter update cycle than the traditional traffic survey methods.
Pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression in human phaeochromocytomas (1989)

Phaeochromocytoma is an occasional cause of the ectopic ACTH syndrome. The mechanisms of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression were analysed in 11 human tumours not associated with Cushing's syndrome, by detecting and characterizing the POMC mRNA. A DNA probe corresponding to most of the protein-coding region of the third exon was used in Northern blot studies of total and poly(A)+ RNA. All tumours contained a short (800 bases) mRNA species different from the 1200 base mRNA species of the human pituitary. This short mRNA was also present in the normal adrenal, where S1 mapping showed that it resulted from transcription initiation within the third exon. However, in two tumours, equivalent amounts of the 1200 base mRNA were also present, and in one of them a third POMC mRNA of approximately 1450 bases was detected. These data show that POMC gene expression occurs in all phaeochromocytomas. It is suggested that excess production of the 1200 bases (or the larger, 1450 base) mRNA in some tumours may be responsible for the rare occurrence of the ectopic ACTH syndrome.
Energy-Efficient Power Allocation for HARQ Systems (2015)

Reliability of data transmission is a fundamental problem in wireless communications. Fading in wireless channels causes the signal strength to vary at the receiver and this results in loss of data packets. To improve the reliability, automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes were introduced. However these ARQ schemes suffer from a reduction in the throughput. To address the throughput reduction, conventional ARQ schemes were combined with forward error correction (FEC) schemes to develop hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) schemes. For improving the reliability of data transmission, HARQ schemes are included in the wireless standards like LTE, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX. Conventional HARQ systems use the same transmission power in different ARQ rounds. However this is not optimal in terms of minimizing the average energy spent for successful transmission of a data packet. In this book chapter, the recent research results related to HARQ systems are reviewed first. Next, optimal resource allocation in HARQ systems with a limit on the maximum number of allowed transmissions for a data packet is considered in the next part. Specifically, the problem of minimizing the rate-outage probability under a constraint on average energy consumption per data packet for both incremental redundancy (IR)-based and Chase combining (CC)-based HARQ systems is considered. Towards solving the optimization problems, the expressions for rate-outage probability of both IR-HARQ and CC-HARQ systems in i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channels is provided. Methods to solve the optimization problems using nonlinear optimization techniques are discussed. To reduce the complexity of finding a solution, the rate-outage probability expressions are approximated, using which, the non-convex optimization problems are converted into geometric programming problems (GPPs), for which the closed-form solutions are derived. Illustrative and analytical results show that the proposed power allocation provides significant gains in energy savings over the traditional equal power allocation transmission, and the closed-form GPP solution can provide a performance close to that of the exact method for smaller values of rate-outage probability.
Mucosal Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Improves Protection Elicited by Replicating Influenza Vaccines via Enhanced Dendritic Cell Function and T Cell Immunity (2014)

Live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have the potential to generate CD8 T cell immunity that may limit the virulence of an antigenically shifted influenza strain in a population lacking protective Abs. However, current LAIVs exert limited T cell immunity restricted to the vaccine strains. One approach to improve LAIV-induced T cell responses is the use of specific adjuvants to enhance T cell priming by respiratory dendritic cells, but this hypothesis has not been addressed. In this study, we assessed the effect of the TLR3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC) on CD8 T cell immunity and protection elicited by LAIVs. Mucosal treatment with poly IC shortly after vaccination enhanced respiratory dendritic cell function, CD8 T cell formation, and production of neutralizing Abs. This adjuvant effect of poly IC was dependent on amplification of TLR3 signaling by nonhematopoietic radioresistant cells and enhanced mouse protection to homosubtypic, as well as heterosubtypic, virus challenge. Our findings indicate that mucosal TLR3 ligation may be used to improve CD8 T cell responses to replicating vaccines, which has implications for protection in the absence of pre-existing Ab immunity.
A Possible Therapeutic Strategy for Atopic Dermatitis Based on the Recent Findings of IL-4/IL-13 (2023)

アトピー性皮膚炎（atopic dermatitis：AD）は臨床現場においてよくみられる慢性皮膚疾患である。その発症や病態形成には，遺伝的，免疫学的，環境的な要因が複雑に絡み合うとされ，近年のさまざまな基礎・臨床研究により，数多くの知見が報告されている。ここでは特に，AD の病態に深く関与する 2 型サイトカインの IL-4 および IL-13 について，その機能や役割，これらを標的にした治療薬の最新知見を概説するとともに，今後望まれる AD 治療戦略について考察した。
Dynamin photoinactivation blocks Clathrin and α-adaptin recruitment and induces bulk membrane retrieval (2014)

Dynamin is a well-known regulator of synaptic endocytosis. Temperature-sensitive dynamin (shi(ts1)) mutations in Drosophila melanogaster or deletion of some of the mammalian Dynamins causes the accumulation of invaginated endocytic pits at synapses, sometimes also on bulk endosomes, indicating impaired membrane scission. However, complete loss of dynamin function has not been studied in neurons in vivo, and whether Dynamin acts in different aspects of synaptic vesicle formation remains enigmatic. We used acute photoinactivation and found that loss of Dynamin function blocked membrane recycling and caused the buildup of huge membrane-connected cisternae, in contrast to the invaginated pits that accumulate in shi(ts1) mutants. Moreover, photoinactivation of Dynamin in shi(ts1) animals converted these pits into bulk cisternae. Bulk membrane retrieval has also been seen upon Clathrin photoinactivation, and superresolution imaging indicated that acute Dynamin photoinactivation blocked Clathrin and α-adaptin relocalization to synaptic membranes upon nerve stimulation. Hence, our data indicate that Dynamin is critically involved in the stabilization of Clathrin- and AP2-dependent endocytic pits.
Performance analysis of least squares-based multichannel decision feedback equalization of time-varying channels (2013)

Most of the techniques developed for mitigating the problems caused by multipath and Doppler effects in wireless communication channels rely on equalization. The Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) is a widely used equalization method which is particularly robust for underwater acoustic channels. However, in this and many other applications, the characteristics of the communications channel are unknown and time-varying so the DFE must adapt its filter coefficients based upon observations of the received signal. This paper presents a theoretical characterization of the performance of the multi-channel DFE equalizer when the number of symbols that can be received in the time period over which the channel can be considered time-invariant is limited. The derived result highlights that the optimal equalizer design is a trade-off between the MMSE requirement for longer constituent filters and the insight that the limit on the number of stationary observations also limits the number of filter coefficients that can be effectively adapted. The derived characterization and its interpretation are validated via simulations and processing of experimental data.