gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Contrastive Learning for Fine-grained Reading Detection (2022)

The major drawback of deep learning (DL) algorithms is the necessity of large and labeled data sets in order to achieve peak performance. A DL technique that can overcome this constraint is self-supervised learning, which is applied as non-contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) and contrastive self-supervised learning (contrastive learning). This paper evaluates a contrastive learning method, which is called simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations (SimCLR), for the task of fine-grained reading detection. We employ in-the-wild electrooculography (EOG) data sets that describe the eye movement behaviors to evaluate the SimCLR method and compare it against the SSL and pure supervised methods. The results show a maximum performance gain of 3.02 and 3.96 percentage points compared to the SSL and pure supervised methods, respectively, over an equal amount of training data. In addition, the SimCLR method shows a data efficiency of about 80%. The obtained results show a direction for system designers and researchers to handle the lack of large-sized labeled data issues in developing DL models that help to improve user reading habits through eye movement behaviors.
p53 Promotes Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetic Mellitus Caused by Excessive Mitochondrial Respiration-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Lipid Accumulation (2011)

Myocardial p53/SCO2 signal is activated by diabetes-mediated ROS generation to increase mitochondrial oxygen consumption, resulting in excessive generation of mitochondria-derived ROS and lipid accumulation in association with cardiac dysfunction.
Full bridge ZCS PWM converter for high-voltage high-power applications (2002)

This paper presents a comprehensive study of a full bridge (FB) zero-current switched (ZCS) PWM converter which is suitable for high-voltage and high-power DC application that achieves ZCS for all active switches, and zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) operation for all diodes on the high voltage side. The given converter utilizes component parasitic parameters, particularly for the high-voltage transformer, and employs fixed-frequency phase-shift control to implement soft-switching commutations. Detailed steady state analysis of the converter power stage is presented for the first time and the major features of the converter's power stage are discussed. Small-signal characteristics are also presented and accompanied by a discussion of the controller design and implementation. A design example is also presented based on the steady state analysis and is validated by simulation. Theoretical and simulated results are in good agreement.
The antigenic identity of human class I MHC phosphopeptides is critically dependent upon phosphorylation status (2017)

Dysregulated post-translational modification provides a source of altered self-antigens that can stimulate immune responses in autoimmunity, inflammation, and cancer. In recent years, phosphorylated peptides have emerged as a group of tumour-associated antigens presented by MHC molecules and recognised by T cells, and represent promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. However, the impact of phosphorylation on the antigenic identity of phosphopeptide epitopes is unclear. Here we examined this by determining structures of MHC-bound phosphopeptides bearing canonical position 4-phosphorylations in the presence and absence of their phosphate moiety, and examining phosphopeptide recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR). Strikingly, two peptides exhibited major conformational changes upon phosphorylation, involving a similar molecular mechanism, which focussed changes on the central peptide region most critical for T cell recognition. In contrast, a third epitope displayed little conformational alteration upon phosphorylation. In addition, binding studies demonstrated TCR interaction with an MHC-bound phosphopeptide was both epitope-specific and absolutely dependent upon phosphorylation status. These results highlight the critical influence of phosphorylation on the antigenic identity of naturally processed class I MHC epitopes. In doing so they provide a molecular framework for understanding phosphopeptide-specific immune responses, and have implications for the development of phosphopeptide antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy approaches.
Preliminary safety and efficacy of GX-I7, a long-acting interleukin-7, in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with refractory or recurrent metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC): Dose escalation period of Phase Ib/II study (KEYNOTE-899). (2020)

1072 Background: Pembrolizumab monotherapy did not significantly improve OS as 2 nd and 3 rd -lines treatment for mTNBC compared to standard chemotherapy in phase III study (KEYNOTE-119) leading to high unmet needs of effective treatment. Recent studies showed that higher lymphocyte count is an independent factor which correlates with better response to checkpoint blockade in cancer patients. GX-I7, a long-acting interleukin-7, could potentially provide synergistic anti-tumor efficacy with pembrolizumab by increasing number of T cells both in tumor microenvironment (TME) and peripheral blood (PB). Methods: This is an open-label, phase Ib/II study in patients with refractory or recurrent TNBC who failed from standard chemotherapy in the metastatic setting, with ≤3 rd -lines of previous chemotherapy. The dose escalation phase adopted the 3+3 design. The GX-I7 doses were administered IM q9w or q12w, with or without cyclophosphamide pre-conditioning depending on the allocation, and in combination with pembrolizumab 200 mg IV q3w. The objectives were dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), safety, pharmacodynamic markers including lymphocyte increase and RP2D. Results: As of January 30, 2020, GX-I7 and pembrolizumab were exposed to 24 patients (median age 46.0 years [29-75], ECOG PS 1 [58.3%], median cycle no. 3 [1-9]). Treatment was discontinued in 13 (54.2%), majority due to PD and 11 patients are ongoing. No DLTs were reported in all dose groups. Treatment related AEs occurred in 91.7% of patients with grade 1-2 and 9.1% with grade 3 (no grade 4). Common AEs were injection site reaction (39.0%) and fever (13.0%), which were easily managed. Grade 3 toxicity were AST/ALT elevation and infusion related reaction, reported from 1 patient each (4.2%). GX-I7 induced dose-dependent lymphocyte proliferation in PB, with approximately 4-folds increase in high doses. 17 patients were evaluable; confirmed objective responses from ongoing patients included one partial response (5.9%), 2 stable disease (11.8%) and 1 durable unconfirmed PD (5.9%). Conclusions: GX-I7 in combination with pembrolizumab was well tolerated, with no DLTs reported. There was no apparent increase of immune-related AEs with the addition of GX-I7. Pharmacodynamics data support proof of mechanism and it warrants further clinical studies. Clinical trial information: NCT03752723 .
Photoluminescent Silicate Microsticks Containing Aligned Nanodomains of Conjugated Polymers by Sol-Gel-Based In Situ Polymerization (2001)

Stabförmige Silicatmaterialien, die ausgerichtete Nanodomänen aus konjugierten Polymeren enthalten (siehe Bild), wurden aus tensidartigen Diacetylen-Monomeren mit terminalen Ammoniumgruppen durch eine In-situ-Polymerisation auf der Grundlage eines Sol-Gel-Prozesses hergestellt. Nach Anregung mit Licht der Wellenlänge 450 nm zeigen die Silicatmikrostäbe gelblich-grüne Lumineszenz bei 550 nm. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Integrated Regulation for Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits (2008)

Despite their use in analog or mixed-signal applications, the high power overheads of traditional linear regulators (both series and shunt) have precluded their successful adoption in regulating the supply of energy-efficient digital circuits. In this paper, we show that linear regulation can in fact reduce the effective supply impedance of digital circuits without increasing their total power dissipation. Achieving this goal requires minimizing the static power dissipation of the regulator, leading to a push-pull topology (similar to the regulators demonstrated by Wu and Sanders, 2001, Poon et al, 1999, and Intersil, 1998) with comparator-based feedback and a switched source-follower output stage. Measured results from a regulator implemented in a 65 nm SOI test-chip verify that by using these techniques, regulation reduces the effective supply noise by ~30% while also enabling a slight decrease (1.4%) in total power dissipation.
Forward and Reverse Electron Transfer with the Y356DOPA-β2 Heterodimer of E. coli Ribonucleotide Reductase (2007)

E. coli ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides, and consists of two subunits, α2 and β2. β2 contains a stable diiron tyrosyl radical (Y122•) that is essential for catalysis. α2 harbors the active site, where nucleotide reduction occurs, as well as effector and activity sites which control substrate specificity and turnover rates. In this study, we have used intein methodology to generate a heterodimer of β2 containing the unnatural amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) at residue 356 (DOPA-ββ‘). In this heterodimer, the β-monomer is full-length (residues 1−375), whereas the β‘-monomer is truncated and only contains residues 1−353. DOPA-ββ‘, upon addition of α2, CDP, and ATP effector, generates a DOPA• concomitant with loss of the Y122•. Analysis of DOPA• stability by EPR reveal that DOPA•-ββ‘ can reoxidize Y122 thereby regenerating the Y122•. These results, for the first time, directly demonstrate back electron transfer from residue 356 to Y122.
Accelerating Training and Inference of Graph Neural Networks with Fast Sampling and Pipelining (2021)

Improving the training and inference performance of graph neural networks (GNNs) is faced with a challenge uncommon in general neural networks: creating mini-batches requires a lot of computation and data movement due to the exponential growth of multi-hop graph neighborhoods along network layers. Such a unique challenge gives rise to a diverse set of system design choices. We argue in favor of performing mini-batch training with neighborhood sampling in a distributed multi-GPU environment, under which we identify major performance bottlenecks hitherto under-explored by developers: mini-batch preparation and transfer. We present a sequence of improvements to mitigate these bottlenecks, including a performance-engineered neighborhood sampler, a shared-memory parallelization strategy, and the pipelining of batch transfer with GPU computation. We also conduct an empirical analysis that supports the use of sampling for inference, showing that test accuracies are not materially compromised. Such an observation unifies training and inference, simplifying model implementation. We report comprehensive experimental results with several benchmark data sets and GNN architectures, including a demonstration that, for the ogbn-papers100M data set, our system SALIENT achieves a speedup of 3x over a standard PyTorch-Geometric implementation with a single GPU and a further 8x parallel speedup with 16 GPUs. Therein, training a 3-layer GraphSAGE model with sampling fanout (15, 10, 5) takes 2.0 seconds per epoch and inference with fanout (20, 20, 20) takes 2.4 seconds, attaining test accuracy 64.58%.
Retention of Native Quaternary Structure in Racemic Melittin Crystals (2019)

Racemic crystallography has been used to elucidate the secondary and tertiary structures of peptides and small proteins that are recalcitrant to conventional crystallization. It is unclear, however, whether racemic crystallography can capture native quaternary structure, which could be disrupted by heterochiral associations. We are exploring the use of racemic crystallography to characterize the self-assembly behavior of membrane-associated peptides, very few of which have been crystallized. We report a racemic crystal structure of the membrane-active peptide melittin; the new structure allows comparison with a previously reported crystal structure of L-melittin. The tetrameric assembly observed in crystalline L-melittin has been proposed to represent the tetrameric state detected in solution for this peptide. This tetrameric assembly is precisely reproduced in the racemic crystal, which strengthens the conclusion that the tetramer is biologically relevant. More broadly, these findings suggest that racemic crystallography can provide insight on native quaternary structure.
Re: Identification of a Cell of Origin for Human Prostate Cancer (2011)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Mar 2011Re: Identification of a Cell of Origin for Human Prostate Cancer Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.11.032AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Identification of a Cell of Origin for Human Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 185(3), p. 1147 © 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 185Issue 3March 2011Page: 1147 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
A mathematical model for the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (2007)

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome of unknown cause characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). A stenosis of the venous sinus is observed in many patients suffering from IIH. The role that this feature plays in the etiology of IIH has been a matter of dispute. A lumped-parameter model of intracranial pressure dynamics that accommodates venous sinus stenosis via a Starling-like resistor has been developed to study the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of IIH. In the absence of the Starling-like resistor, the system has a unique asymptotically-stable steady-state with normal pressures. With this type of resistor present, a second, asymptotically-stable steady-state may exist. This state is characterized by elevated ICP concurrent with a compressed venous sinus. It is hypothesized that IIH is a physiological manifestation of this elevated steady-state, that the primary cause of IIH is a compressible, as opposed to rigid, venous sinus, and that the observed stenosis is a necessary characteristic of the elevated steady-state. Simulations suggest a possible diagnostic technique for IIH, and the efficacy of various treatment options is examined. Results also indicate that the venous sinus stenosis may persist even after treatment has reduced the elevated ICP of IIH.
Light‐ and pH‐Responsive Release of Doxorubicin from a Mesoporous Silica‐Based Nanocarrier (2011)

Shining light for drug delivery: The anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox, red ellipses in the graphic) was adsorbed on nitroveratryl carbamate-protected aminopropyl-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Upon exposure to UV light, positively charged propylammonium moieties were formed on the surface, which caused expulsion of positively charged Dox molecules from the surface of the nanoparticles.
Processing Porous SiC: Diffusion, Oxidation, Contact Formation (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Formation of Porous Layer Diffusion in Porous SiC Oxidation Contacts to Porous SiC Acknowledgements References
Performance of globally distributed networks (1982)

In the design and implementation of computer networks one must be concerned with their overall performance and the efficiency of the communication mechanisms chosen. Performance is a major issue in the architecture, implementation, and installation of a computer communication network. The architectural design always involves many cost/performance tradeoffs. Once implemented, one must verify the performance of the network and locate bottlenecks in the structure. Configuration and installation of a network involves the selection of a topology and communication components, channels and nodes of appropriate capacity, satisfying performance requirements.
New taxoids from Taxus baccata L. (1995)

Abstract A side‐cut of the industrial purification of an extract of yew needles afforded eight new taxoids, including two derivatives of taxine A, the 7‐O‐acetyl‐ (2) and the 2‐deacetyl‐ (3) derivatives. The new structures were established by spectroscopic methods, and some unusual features of the 1 H‐NMR spectra of taxine A and its derivatives are discussed.
Propofol General Anesthesia Decreases the Coupling Strength Between Mean Arterial Blood Pressure and Mean Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2019)

Cerebral autoregulation (CA) maintains mean cerebral blood flow velocity (MCBFV) stable in spite of variations in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Propofol anesthesia is known to preserve CA, although information on the anesthesia effect on MCBFV and MAP variability coupling at sedation levels typical of major cardiac surgery is limited. MAP and MCBFV time series were respectively recorded from radial artery and left middle cerebral artery via transcranial Doppler, before (PRE) and after (POST) general anesthesia induction with propofol and remifentanil in 10 male subjects (age 64.77.0 years) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Squared coherence (K 2 ) was computed in the typical bands of CA, namely very low (0.02-0.07 Hz), low (0.07-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (0.15-0.4 Hz). The null hypothesis of coupling was tested through a surrogate analysis associating MAP and MCBFV series taken from different patients in the same experimental condition. MAP and MCBFV original series were significantly more associated than surrogate ones during PRE. K 2 was reduced in the three frequency bands during POST to a level comparable with surrogates. By decoupling MCBFV and MAP propofol general anesthesia favors situations of stable MCBFV in response to slow modifications of MAP but the full decoupling might hide the limited resources of the cerebrovascular control to actively regulate MCBFV.
Thru-Wafer Interconnects for Double-Sided (TWIDS) fabrication of MEMS (2016)

This paper reports a new approach for fabrication of high-aspect ratio low resistance vertical interconnects, providing an electrical interface between the front-side and the backside of the Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafer. The method of Thru-Wafer Interconnects for Double-Sided (TWIDS) fabrication of MEMS is based on seedless copper electroplating, and allows for voids free features and high aspect ratio (copper diameter to wafer thickness ratio is 10:1). We introduced the fabrication sequence, implemented and characterized prototypes of a MEMS toroidal ring gyroscope with thru-wafer interconnects, thus illustrating the process feasibility. Furthermore, the critical issue of mechanical stability in air-gap interconnect structures under 15,000 g shock was investigated using 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models. Our simulations revealed that a partial filling the gaps with Parylene C allows for 1.55x improvement in mechanical stability without a significant increase in via parasitic capacitance values.
Polymer physics and rheology (2014)

Several physical concepts that are of the utmost importance in fiber-forming processes are described in this chapter. The basic physical model of a flexible polymer macromolecule as a random walk is outlined in Section 2.1. The elongational and shear rheometry of polymer solutions and melts, which elucidate the stress relation with strains and strain rate, as well as stress relaxation is described in Section 2.2. The phenomenological rheological constitutive equations appropriate for the description of viscoelastic polymer solutions and melts are introduced in Section 2.3. The micromechanical foundations of the entropic elasticity responsible for viscoelasticity of polymer solutions and melts are sketched out in Section 2.4. Solidification and crystallization are discussed in Sections 2.5 and 2.6, respectively.
Supplementary Figures S1-S5 from CHK1 Inhibition Synergizes with Gemcitabine Initially by Destabilizing the DNA Replication Apparatus (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S5. Effective synergy at sub-GI50 concentrations (S1); Mitotic entry at synergistic concentrations (S2); Cell fate upon gemcitabine and CHK1 inhibition (S3); Replication stress upon gemcitabine and CHK1 inhibition (S4); Mitotic aberration upon gemcitabine and CHK1 inhibition (S5).&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of a prototype PET detector with depth-of-interaction encoding (2003)

We report on the evaluation of a prototype PET detector with depth of interaction (DOI) encoding. The detector consisted of an 8/spl times/8 array of mixed lutetium oxyorthosilicate (MLS) crystals that were read out on the top and bottom by position sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPD). Each crystal had dimensions of 1.65 mm /spl times/ 1.65 mm /spl times/ 22.00 mm, and the array had a pitch of 1.75 mm. The PSAPDs were coupled to compact, discrete transimpedance preamplifiers. The DOI response was measured by illuminating the detector module from the side with an electronically collimated fan beam of 511 keV gamma rays. The signals from the corner contacts of the PSAPDs were used to identify the crystal of interaction, while the summed signals from the two PSAPDs were used to calculate the depth z at which the interaction took place. By stepping the crystal array in the z direction (perpendicular to the fan beam), we were able to determine the DOI resolution for each individual crystal. For measurements made at 10/spl deg/C, the average DOI resolution was 2.9 mm. Energy resolution and timing resolution (vs. a fast plastic scintillator coupled to a photomultiplier tube) were made under the same operating conditions. The average energy resolution across the array was 16.6% at 511 keV, and the average timing resolution was 3.9 ns. Importantly, the detector performance was maintained all the way out to the crystals at the edge of the PSAPDs.
Therapy of postoperative stroke: Report of intra‐arterial thrombolysis of a hyperacute embolic stroke 5 days following CABG (2001)

Intra-arterial (IA) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is an investigational treatment for acute stroke. We report a case of IA thrombolysis of a hyperacute middle cerebral artery stroke 5 days after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Despite a serious extracranial bleeding complication (hemothorax), immediate thrombolysis with IA rt-PA led to near complete resolution of the neurological deficit and a favorable outcome.