gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetization reversal in single-layer and exchange-biased elliptical-ring arrays (2005)

Arrays of elliptical rings with long axis of 3μm, short axis of 1.8μm, and widths of 400nm and above were fabricated by zone-plate-array lithography and lift-off processing. Hysteresis loops of NiFe elliptical rings with different widths indicate the “vortex” state is more stable for narrower rings. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that the magnetization configurations of wider rings are more complicated than that of narrower ones. Elliptical-ring arrays fabricated from exchange-biased thin film structures display shifted hysteresis loops and the same width dependence of the stability of the vortex state.
Current perspectives on resistance to chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy and strategies to improve efficacy in B‐cell lymphoma (2023)

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with chemo-refractory B-cell lymphoma, a significant portion is refractory or relapse. Resistance is a major barrier to improving treatment efficacy and long-term survival in CAR T-cell therapy, and clinicians have very limited tools to discriminate a priori patients who will or will not respond to treatment. While CD19-negative relapses due to loss of target antigen is well described, it accounts for only about 30% of cases with treatment failure. Recent efforts have shed light on mechanisms of CD19-positive relapse due to tumor intrinsic resistance, T-cell quality/manufacturing, or CAR T-cell exhaustion mediated by hostile tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the latest updates of preclinical and clinical trials to investigate the mechanisms of resistance and relapse post CAR T-cell therapy in B cell lymphoma and discuss novel treatment strategies to overcome resistance as well as advances that are useful for a CAR T therapist to optimize and personalize CAR T-cell therapy.
Analysis ofHighSpeedCharacteristics forLinear Induction Machines (2006)

Linear Induction Machines (LIM)canbeusedas of'negative frequency' havebeenexplored. Finally, one continuous dutymachines forhighspeed propulsion andprovidepotential schemetoachieve peakthrust force/ampere and alowcost solution forverylongstroke incomparison toLinear biggest acceleration ofLIMhasbeenintroduced. Synchronous Machines(LSM).However,electromagnetic analysis oftheLIMindicates thatathighspeeds, thrust forceII. MODELINGAND ANALYSISOFTHELINEARINDUCTION generated forpropulsion andnormalforce asaby-product which canincrease friction tendtoreduce. Thisindicates thatforhigh MACHINE speeds, thesystem wouldrequire larger IqandIdcurrents to Inorder toinvestigate theelectromagnetic behavior ofthe generate therequired amountofforce. UsingFinite Elementexperimental single sided, 1.5kW,3phase, 240V,4PoleLIM Analysis, ithasalso beenfound that there exists atrailing eddy athighspeeds, atwodimensional transient modelhasbeen current density whichathighspeeds causes a significant developed forFinite Element Analysis (FEA)(2), (3). Detailed depreciation oftheforces. Also, thevariation ofaverage thrustinformation ofthemodelisgiven inAppendix A. andnormal forces withrespect tofrequency atoneparticular UsingMaxwell Stress Tensor (MST)analysis technique (4): linear speed(5m/sec) ispresented, andasymmetry effect andthe 1 definition of'negative frequency' havebeenexplored.
Abstract 9770: Anatomic Findings and Myocardial Extensions Into the Thoracic Venous Connections of the Heart (2011)

Introduction: Cardiac veins serve as substrate for arrhythmogenesis, and are especially involved as foci in atrial fibrillation. Understanding cardiac vein anatomy along with myocardial extension into these structures can improve electrophysiological mapping and electrical isolation of arrhythmogenic substrate. Accurately defining cardiac vein anatomy is critical in improving success of ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation. Methods: We performed measurements on 620 formalin-fixed autopsy hearts explanted from October 1998 to July 2003. The integrity of the thoracic veins and their cardiac connections were examined and systematic measurements of the superior and inferior vena cavae, azygous vein, vein of Marshall, coronary sinus, and pulmonary veins were performed and data were analyzed using univariate statistics. Results: We found that muscular extensions into the pulmonary veins were visible in 99% of the examined hearts, and were circumferential around the vein ostia (99.6%). Muscle extension into the SVC was found in 78% of examined hearts. These extensions were largely circumferential around the ostium (39%), but were also found to be asymmetric in a majority of hearts. Asymmetry was found in hearts with longer muscle extensions; no symmetry was observed in extensions greater than 0.8cm. Muscle extensions into the IVC were not seen. Occasionally, macroscopic muscle extensions into the azygous vein were visible (6%). The vein of Marshall was found to be patent to probing in the majority of hearts examined (72%) and was almost always overlying the lateral left atrial endocardial ridge. Conclusions: Our data suggest that all pulmonary veins need to be electrically isolated during atrial fibrillation ablation because of the almost universal presence of myocardial tissue extending into the veins. Mapping of the SVC should be done circumferentially and if potentials are noted isolation should also be performed. The IVC did not have muscle extensions and is unlikely to be a site of arrhythmogenesis. The azygous vein occasionally had muscle extensions and thus requires mapping and possible isolation. The vein of Marshall can be a substrate for arrhythmogenesis and is accessible for ablation by targeting the lateral left atrial endocardial ridge.
Gel Entrapment of Antibody: A New Strategy for Facilitating Both Manual and Automated Radioimmunoassay (1973)

Abstract A technique of radioimmunoassay is presented that eliminates pipetting and centrifugation, and excludes interferences by high-molecular-weight materials from the incubation and separation steps. A solid-phase binding reagent is prepared by first entrapping antibody in polyacrylamide gel. This gel is then fragmented, sieved, dried with ethanol or lyophilized, and placed in miniature disposable chromatographic columns. Application of the sample to the intra-gel column compartment is determined by the water regain of the gel. This pipetless method of sample application depends on reproducible aliquots of dry gel particles in every column. A method for preloading radiolabeled hormone and standard hormone into the column is also described. This technique has been successfully applied to the assay of angiotensin I and insulin. Dry antibody—gel stored at room temperature for 26 months has not shown loss of binding activity.
Polarization Coupled Carrier Phase Estimation for Coherent Polarization Multiplexed QPSK with OOK-neighbours (2009)

We propose a novel algorithm for carrier phase estimation with differential demodulation, phase coupling between both polarizations and non-redundant error correction. The algorithm is demonstrated on measured 111Gb/s polarization-multiplexed QPSK with 10×10.7Gb/s OOK neighbours.
Architectural and technological design tradeoffs for optoelectronic multistage interconnection networks (1991)

An optoelectronic multistage interconnection network (OE MIN) is a system of optoelectronic switching elements and free-space optical links that interconnect processing elements in a parallel processing system. Previously, we have designed an OE MIN based on the 2-D shuffle-exchange network and compared its performance and cost with VLSI implementations. 1 We have also optimized the performance and cost of this system with variable grain-size (e.g., using 4 × 4, 16 × 16, or 64 × 64 electronic switching elements). 2 In this paper, we analyze possible modifications of the system architecture, such as contention-free switches or Batcher-Banyan networks, in terms of system performance vs cost.
Comprehensive characterization of toxicity of fermentative metabolites on microbial growth (2017)

Short-chain alcohols, acids, and esters exhibit distinctive toxic effects on <i>E. coli</i> health. Hydrophobicity is a quantitative predictor to evaluate the toxic effect of a metabolite. This study sheds light on degrees of toxicity of fermentative metabolites on microbial health and further helps in the selection of desirable metabolites and hosts for industrial fermentation to overproduce them.
Tuning of Sorted Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Electrochemical Charging (2010)

Double-walled carbon nanotubes sorted by density gradient ultracentrifugation were examined by Raman spectroscopy and by in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry. The sorted samples had a narrow distribution of diameters of both inner and outer tubes, which enabled a comparison of the behavior of inner metallic tubes and inner semiconducting nanotubes as a function of the applied electrochemical potential. The metallic inner tubes were efficiently doped even though they were protected from electrolyte ions by the outer wall, whereas the doping of semiconducting inner tubes was observed only at high magnitudes of the electrode potential. These results indicate that the doping response of inner tubes is predominantly controlled by inner tube electronic properties. On the other hand, the effect of electronic structure of the outer tube on the behavior of inner tube is weak. Furthermore, the efficiency of the charge transfer from outer to inner wall depends on the doping level. A low doping level corresponds to a high efficiency of the charge-transfer, while a high doping level shows low charge-transfer efficiency.
Low latency image retrieval with progressive transmission of CHoG descriptors (2010)

To reduce network latency for mobile visual search, we propose schemes for progressive transmission of Compressed Histogram of Gradients (CHoG) descriptors. Progressive transmission reduces the amount of transmitted data and enables early termination on the server, thus reducing end-to-end system latency. With progressive transmission of CHoG descriptors, we are able to reduce network latency to ~1 second in a 3G network. We report a 4× decrease in end-to-end system latency compared to transmitting uncompressed SIFT descriptors or JPEG images.
Abstract 13814: Prediction of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Artificial Intelligence Electrocardiogram versus Traditional Risk Scores (2021)

Introduction: Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (TTR-CA) can cause heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF). We previously reported a clinical/echo-based score (TCAS) and defined a cut-off that predicted risk of TTR-CA in HFpEF. Herein, we assess the comparative performance of an artificial-intelligence ECG-based screening tool (AI-ECG). Hypothesis: AI-ECG successfully identifies TTR-CA in HFpEF cohorts across a range of TTR-CA prevalence Methods: Referral HFpEF cohort was constructed from a referral population of HFpEF patients (EF ≥ 40%) undergoing 99m Tc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy (PYP) at Mayo Clinic (2013-2020, n=484, 38% with TTR-CA). Community HFpEF cohort was prospectively screened with PYP (n=275; age ≥ 60, LV wall thickness (WT) ≥ 12 mm, 4% with TTR-CA). TCAS was built using a multivariable logistic regression model and converted to a simple point score comprised of age (60-69, 70-79, ≥ 80: +2, +3, +4 points respectively), male sex (+2), relative WT &gt; 0.57 (+2), posterior WT ≥ 12 mm (+1), EF &lt; 60% (+1), and hypertension diagnosis (-1). TCAS was validated in the community cohort. A deep neural network trained to predict cardiac amyloidosis from a single 12-lead ECG, was applied to both referral and community cohorts. Patients were excluded if ECG was not available ≤ 12 months before PYP or if used in development of the AI-ECG. Standard ROC methods were applied. Youden’s index was used to define optimal cut-off. Results: Predictive characteristics of AI-ECG were strong and compared favorably with TCAS across a range of true TTR-CA prevalence (Table). Conclusions: Using a single ECG, AI-ECG effectively predicts TTR-CA with an excellent negative predictive value to rule out TTR-CA and a positive predictive value sufficient to warrant specific TTR-CA testing. This was particularly evident in the community. AI-ECG holds promise for simple, cost-effective global screening of at-risk populations, especially those with limited access to advanced cardiac imaging.
Identification and recombinant expression of a 30 kDa outer envelope lipoprotein of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (2000)

Swine dysentery (SD) is a contagious mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoeal disease of pigs, characterised by extensive inflammation and necrosis of the epithelial surface of the large intestine (1). Economic losses due to SD result mainly from growth retardation, costs of medication, and mortality (2). To date, no completely sensitive and specific assays are available for the detection of antibodies against the aetiological agent, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Recently, we identified and cloned a 30 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein (BmpB) which is specific to B. hyodysenteriae and is recognised by experimentally and naturally infected pigs. We propose the use of recombinant BmpB as an antigen for future development of an improved serological test for SD diagnosis.
Lithium ionic conductivity in poly(ether urethanes) derived from poly(ethylene glycol) and lysine ethyl ester (1997)

Poly(ether urethanes) obtained by the copolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and lysine ethyl ester (LysOEt) are elastomeric materials that can be processed readily to form flexible, soft films. In view of these desirable physicomechanical properties, the potential use of these new materials as solid polymer electrolytes was explored. Solid polymer electrolytes were prepared with copolymers containing PEG blocks of different lengths and with different concentrations of lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3). Correlations between the length of the PEG block, the concentration of lithium triflate in the formulation, and the observed Li+ ion conductivity were investigated. Solid electrolyte formulations were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry for glass transition temperatures (Tg), melting points (Tm), and crystallinity. Ionic conductivity measurements were carried out on thin films of the polymer electrolytes that had been cast on a microelectrode assembly using conventional ac-impedance spectroscopy. These polymer electrolytes showed inherently high ionic conductivity at room temperature. The optimum concentration of lithium triflate was about 25–30% (w/w), resulting at room temperature in an ionic conductivity of about 10−5 S cm−1. For poly(PEG2000-LysOEt) containing 30% of LiCF3SO3, the activation energy was ∼ 1.1 eV. Our results indicate that block copolymers of PEG and lysine ethyl ester are promising candidates for the development of polymeric, solvent-free electrolytes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 1449–1456, 1997
Enhancement of lateral flow assay performance by electromagnetic relocation of reporter particles (2018)

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a widely-used point-of care diagnostic format, but suffer from limited analytical sensitivity, especially when read by eye. It has recently been reported that LFA performance can be improved by using magnetic reporter particles and an external magnetic field applied at the test line. The mechanism of sensitivity/performance enhancement was suggested to be concentration/retardation of reporter particles at the test line. Here we demonstrate an additional mechanism of particle relocation where reporter particles from the lower depths of the translucent LFA strip relocate to more-visible locations nearer to the top surface, producing a more visible signal. With a magnetic field we observed an improvement in sensitivity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) detection from 1.25 ng/mL to 0.31 ng/mL. We also observed an increase of the color intensity per particle in test lines when the magnetic field was present.
Polarization asymmetry in waves backscattering from highly absorbant random media (1997)

Within the range in which light penetration depth is approximately the same as or less than the diameter of the particles in the medium, particulate media with considerable absorption behave as two-dimensional, rough-surface structures. As penetration depth increases, a complicated transition between volume and surface effects is seen. For these media, low-order scattering sequences have small spatial extent, making observation of polarization characteristics difficult. We present an experimental technique to access the low-order scattered photons by artificially reinjecting them through total internal reflections. Using a dielectric layer in contact with the high-absorption medium, we are able to observe fourfold polarization asymmetry in backscattering from highly absorbant media. We discuss the origin of the polarization patterns in a ray-optics approximation and suggest possibilities for solving practical problems encountered in characterizing composites with appreciable absorption.
Synthetic studies of MA026, A novel antiviral lipocyclodepsipeptide (2012)

MA026, a novel lipocyclodepsipeptide, exhibits multiple antiviral activity, and its mode of action is unrevealed. MA026 has the potential to create a novel antiviral drug and thus more biological characterizations are required. To accomplish the biological investigation, a flexible chemical synthesis is essential. MA026 consists of (R)-3-hydroxydecanoic acid, linear peptide and cyclodepsipeptide. To maximize the convergency, MA026 was devided into three segments: branched cyclodepsipeptide 2, tripeptide 3 and fatty acid moiety 4. Macrocyclization of depsipeptide is a key step in the total synthesis, so we chose two macrocyclization sites (A) and (B). Here, we present synthetic studies of MA026.
Motion‐derived coordinate systems reduce inter‐subject variability of elbow flexion kinematics (2010)

The selection of a joint coordinate system affects the outcome of motion pathways. We developed coordinate systems for the ulna and humerus, which are generated from upper extremity motion. These Motion-Derived Coordinate Systems (CS) were compared to traditional Anatomy-Derived CS created using surface digitizations of anatomical features. Within-subject repeatability of creating Motion-Derived CS was quantified. In vitro elbow flexion was generated in the gravity-dependent position using an active upper extremity motion simulator. Kinematic pathways of those motions were calculated in terms of valgus angulation and internal rotation of the ulna relative to the humerus, using both CS. The method of creating Motion-Derived CS was highly repeatable-less than 0.5 mm and 1° for all coordinate directions measured. Inter-subject variability of active flexion pathways was reduced with Motion-Derived CS compared to Anatomy-Derived CS (p < 0.05). The decrease in inter-subject kinematic variability when using Motion-Derived CS may increase the statistical power of biomechanical studies and allow for reduced sample sizes. This minimally invasive method, which also determines the elbow flexion and forearm rotation axes and center of the capitellum, may also be applicable in computer-navigated surgery of the upper limb.
Numerische Simulation der Mikroströmung in porösen inerten Strukturen (2008)

Abstract Aufgrund ihrer sehr hohen spezifischen Oberfläche besitzen offenporige poröse Materialien herausragende Transporteigenschaften. Die besonderen Transporteigenschaften in Kombination mit der hohen mechanischen Stabilität keramischer Grundmaterialien begründen das hohe Interesse, das monolithischen keramischen Schwammstrukturen (offenenporige zelluläre Strukturen) entgegengebracht wird. Dem gegenüber steht ein Mangel an Modellen für die ausreichend genaue, quantitative Beschreibung der vielfältigen Eigenschaften dieser Materialien und den daraus resultierenden Beschränkungen für den industriellen Einsatz. In dieser Arbeit wurde sowohl die experimentell erfasste Mikrostruktur eines keramischen Schwamms als auch eine randome, auf dem Tetrakaidekaeder‐Modell beruhende Modellstruktur mit klassischer CFD („computational fluid dynamics”︁) untersucht. Ziel dieser Arbeiten war es zu klären, ob eine numerische Simulation der Strömungsvorgänge in ausreichender Genauigkeit in der Lage ist, den Transportvorgang durch die Mikrostruktur der Schwammmaterialien zu berechnen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden einerseits aus MRI‐Messdaten („magnetic resonance imaging”︁) gewonnene, rekonstruierte Geometriedaten als auch eine Modellgeometrie mit näherungsweise gleicher spezifischer Oberfläche und Porosität mit einem Rechennetz diskretisiert und darauf aufbauend die Strömung mit einem kommerziellen CFD‐Programm simuliert. Die Ergebnisse wurden hinsichtlich des Druckverlustes analysiert und mit Messdaten aus der Literatur verglichen. Die teilweise sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment, aber auch die Unterschiede beider Rechenergebnisse ermutigen zu weitergehenden numerischen Untersuchungen, die auch Wärmetransport berücksichtigen.
PCR directe pour la détection du génome du virus de la peste porcine africaine à partir de prélèvements de sang sur buvard (2004)

La peste porcine africaine est une maladie infectieuse très contagieuse due à un virus à ADN double brin, appartenant à la famille des Asfarviridae, genre Asfivirus, Enzootique en Afrique du Sud et en Sardaigne, épizootique en Afrique de l'ouest et à Madagascar et représentant une menace permanente pour l'Europe, la peste porcine africaine constitue un problème sanitaire majeur pour la filière porcine. Un des enjeux du diagnostic, en particulier pour les pays africains, est de pouvoir diagnostiquer rapidement la présence du virus sur des prélèvements faciles à réaliser et dont la conservation ne nécessite pas d'équipements spéciaux. Le test que nous décrivons ici répond à ces exigences. Il s'agit d'un test de PCR directe sur prélèvement de sang effectué sur papier buvard. Après imprégnation, le buvard est séché puis un fragment d'environ 5 mrn2 est mis directement dans un tube PCR, dans lequel on ajoute le mélange réactionnel, Après amplification, les amplicons sont visualisés sur gel d'agarose. Ce test permet de détecter jusqu'à l'équivalent de 0,13 dose infectieuse virale ou encore l'équivalent de 1,3 copie du génome viral, Appliquée sur porcs infectés expérimentalement, la méthode a donné des résultats homogènes avec ceux obtenus sur du sang prélevé en tube contenant un anticoagulant. La validation du test doit maintenant se poursuivre sur de grands échantillons prélevés en Afrique.
Bio-nanohybrids of quantum dots and photoproteins facilitating strong nonradiative energy transfer (2013)

Utilization of light is crucial for the life cycle of many organisms. Also, many organisms can create light by utilizing chemical energy emerged from biochemical reactions. Being the most important structural units of the organisms, proteins play a vital role in the formation of light in the form of bioluminescence. Such photoproteins have been isolated and identified for a long time; the exact mechanism of their bioluminescence is well established. Here we show a biomimetic approach to build a photoprotein based excitonic nanoassembly model system using colloidal quantum dots (QDs) for a new bioluminescent couple to be utilized in biotechnological and photonic applications. We concentrated on the formation mechanism of nanohybrids using a kinetic and thermodynamic approach. Finally we propose a biosensing scheme with an ON/OFF switch using the QD-GFP hybrid. The QD-GFP hybrid system promises strong exciton-exciton coupling between the protein and the quantum dot at a high efficiency level, possessing enhanced capabilities of light harvesting, which may bring new technological opportunities to mimic biophotonic events.