gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block Copolymers as Lithographic Materials. (1996)

Block copolymers consist of two or more polymer types connected as distinct strands. When incompatible blocks are combined, then phase separation can occur. In resist design, this offers the possibility of combining two distinct resist functions such as imaging and etch resistance using separate phases in a single polymer. Such separation of function may offer benefits in terms of dimensional stability, etch behavior and development characteristics. A series of 193nm imageable block and random copolymer resists based on t-butyl methacrylate and a silicon-containing methacrylate were studied to test these concepts and are reported here.
Labile Complexes of the [RuTp(pn)]+ (Tp = Tripyrazolylborate, pn = Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2) Fragment Including the Dinitrogen Ligand1 (1997)

The [TpRu(pn)](+) fragment (Tp = tripyrazolyl, pn = Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)NMe(2)), featuring a strong sigma acceptor and a weak pi donor, forms reversible complexes with a variety of sigma donor ligands L including N(2) which appears to be more strongly bonded than even CH(3)CN. X-ray crystal structures of the complexes with L = H(2)O, acetone, CO, N(2), and vinylidene are included (adding to that for L = CH(3)CN from former work), as well as a comparative MO study on the bonding nature of L. The sequence of complex stabilities of [TpRu(pn)L](+) is CF(3)SO(3)(-) < acetone approximately H(2)O < CH(3)CN < N(2) < CO < vinylidene as suggested from EHMO calculations and crystallographic data as well as qualitative experimental results. Despite the notable stability of [TpRu(pn)(eta(1)-N(2))](+), the N-N bond length is 1.097(5) Å, exactly that in free N(2). Our analysis suggests that the insensitivity of the N-N bond essentially originates from the counterbalance of pi bond weakening (through back-donation) and sigma bond strengthening (through reducing the antibonding character of the sigma (2sigma(u)) MO in molecular dinitrogen.
AUTOMATION OF PLATE BENDING PROCESS BY LINE HEATING (1994)

A process planning method for plate bending by line heating has been developed, based on a theoretical approach focused on the inherent strain in both the objective curved form and heating conditions of basic line heating. To apply this method practically and investigate the feasibility of automatic plate forming, a test system for plate bending by a high frequency induction line heating method was prepared. The effectiveness of the system was shown by a simple bending test.
ChemInform Abstract: Festphasensynthese von Peptiden an Teflon mit strahleninduziert aufgepfropftem Polystyrol. (1982)

Abstract Am Beispiel der Synthese des Tetrapeptids (II) (Sequenz 66 ‐ 69 der β‐Kette des menschlichen Hämoglobins) wird ein Festphasenverfahren zur Peptid synthese beschrieben.
Inhomogeneous artificial dielectrics for the THz region (2011)

Starting from the parallel-plate waveguide technique which mimics an artificial dielectric, we develop an inhomogeneous medium suitable for the THz region, whose effective refractive index has a non-uniform distribution.
Longitudinal Analysis of Mesenchymal Progenitors and Bone Quality in the Stem Cell Antigen-1–Null Osteoporotic Mouse (2007)

We showed a tight association within Sca-1-null mice between the initiation of stem cell defects and the exacerbation of deficiencies in bone quality at two sites clinically relevant to developing osteoporotic fractures. Sca-1-deficient mice, therefore, provide a novel and useful murine model of age-related osteoporosis, which with additional study, should further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this increasingly prevalent disease.
Metric-Driven Learning of Correspondence Weighting for 2-D/3-D Image\n Registration (2018)

Registration of pre-operative 3-D volumes to intra-operative 2-D X-ray images\nis important in minimally invasive medical procedures. Rigid registration can\nbe performed by estimating a global rigid motion that optimizes the alignment\nof local correspondences. However, inaccurate correspondences challenge the\nregistration performance. To minimize their influence, we estimate optimal\nweights for correspondences using PointNet. We train the network directly with\nthe criterion to minimize the registration error. We propose an objective\nfunction which includes point-to-plane correspondence-based motion estimation\nand projection error computation, thereby enabling the learning of a weighting\nstrategy that optimally fits the underlying formulation of the registration\ntask in an end-to-end fashion. For single-vertebra registration, we achieve an\naccuracy of 0.74$\\pm$0.26 mm and highly improved robustness. The success rate\nis increased from 79.3 % to 94.3 % and the capture range from 3 mm to 13 mm.\n
Dielectric relaxation of perovskite—type oxide thin films (1995)

Abstract The dielectric relaxation is primary important for determining the applicability of oxide thin films in integrated devices which operate at high frequencies, such as DRAMs, FERAMs and microwave circuit capacitors. An impedance analysis based on fast—transient measuring techniques in comparison to a real DRAM operation test and measurements in the frequency domain will be used to discuss the potential mechanisms for the relaxation. The impact of the thin film material, processing parameters, temperature, and field on the dielectric relaxation will give some possible ideas about the nature of the relaxation process. Simulation algorithms have been developed in order to mutually calculate the dielectric responses to various types of stimulation in the time and frequency domain.
Integrin αMβ2 Orchestrates and Accelerates Plasminogen Activation and Fibrinolysis by Neutrophils (2004)

Plasmin, the pivotal thrombolytic enzyme, is generated on the surface of many cell types, where urokinase receptor (uPAR)-bound urokinase (uPA) activates cell-bound plasminogen (Plg). It has been reported that neutrophils mediate endogenous thrombolysis involving a uPA-dependent mechanism, and we previously demonstrated that both uPAR and integrin alpha(M)beta(2) recognize uPA to control cell migration and adhesion. In the present study, we report that the alpha(M)beta(2) regulates neutrophil-dependent fibrinolysis. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated but not resting neutrophils dissolved fibrin clots, and this activity was not only uPA- and Plg-dependent but also alpha(M)beta(2)-dependent. Purified alpha(M)beta(2) directly bound uPA (K(d) = 40 nm) and Plg (K(d) = 1 microm) in a dose-dependent and saturable manner. In Plg activation assays, addition of purified alpha(M)beta(2), but not a control protein, to a single chain uPA (sc-uPA)/Plg mixture, decreased the K(m) from 2 to 0.1 microm, thereby augmenting the overall reaction efficiency by 50-fold. The binding of sc-uPA to alpha(M)beta(2) was critical for the alpha(M)beta(2)-mediated enhancement of plasmin (Plm) generation, because this effect was lost when WT-sc-uPA was replaced with a kringle-less mutant (DeltaK-sc-uPA), which does not bind to alpha(M)beta(2). Plm inactivation by alpha(2)-antiplasmin was significantly delayed when Plm was preincubated with purified, soluble alpha(M)beta(2). When Plg was added to PMA-stimulated neutrophils, both uPA and Plg were co-immunoprecipitated with alpha(M)beta(2.) Thus, assembly of Plg and uPA on integrin alpha(M)beta(2) regulates Plm activity and, thereby, plays a crucial role in neutrophil-mediated thrombolysis.
A Software Environment for Designing Through Robotic Fabrication – Developing a Graphical Programming Toolkit for the Digital Design and Scaled Robotic Fabrication of High Rises (2013)

The term ÂrobotÂ was born from a play written almost a century ago. Today robotic fabrication has become an emerging topic in architectural research. As architects work with these technologies, they are challenged with writing a different kind of play: here robots are the actors and the physical materialization of a design is their performance. However current Computer Aided Design (CAD) packages do not provide native robot programming functionalities which architects require to plan and orchestrate these fabrication process. To address this limitation, a Python library for robot programming is written. It is referenced by a toolkit of custom components developed to extend a graphical programming environment commonly used for architectural design. The empirical development of these software tools takes place in the context of a design studio investigating the subject of the high rise. The tools are tested in a workflow that involves the digital design and scaled robotic fabrication of high-rise housing. This paper discusses the considerations underlying the toolkitÂs design, the outcomes of its use in the studio, and its impact on the creative design process.Â
Comparison of gene activation by two TAL effectors from X anthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis reveals candidate host susceptibility genes in cassava (2015)

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) employs transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors to promote bacterial growth and symptom formation during infection of cassava. TAL effectors are secreted via the bacterial type III secretion system into plant cells, where they are directed to the nucleus, bind DNA in plant promoters and activate the expression of downstream genes. The DNA-binding activity of TAL effectors is carried out by a central domain which contains a series of repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) that dictate the sequence of bound nucleotides. TAL14Xam668 promotes virulence in Xam strain Xam668 and has been shown to activate multiple cassava genes. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to identify the full target repertoire of TAL14Xam668 in cassava, which includes over 50 genes. A subset of highly up-regulated genes was tested for activation by TAL14CIO151 from Xam strain CIO151. Although TAL14CIO151 and TAL14Xam668 differ by only a single RVD, they display differential activation of gene targets. TAL14CIO151 complements the TAL14Xam668 mutant defect, implying that shared target genes are important for TAL14Xam668 -mediated disease susceptibility. Complementation with closely related TAL effectors is a novel approach to the narrowing down of biologically relevant susceptibility genes of TAL effectors with multiple targets. This study provides an example of how TAL effector target activation by two strains within a single species of Xanthomonas can be dramatically affected by a small change in RVD-nucleotide affinity at a single site, and reflects the parameters of RVD-nucleotide interaction determined using designer TAL effectors in transient systems.
Electrical Excitation of Confined Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Metallic Slot Waveguides (2010)

We present the realization of an integrated electrical source of confined surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in metal-insulator-metal waveguides. Using an integrated light-emitting diode (LED) and subwavelength slits, we can couple light emitted by the LED directly into waveguided plasmon modes. Polarization-dependent measurements, decay length measurements, and spectral measurements are performed to confirm the electrical excitation of SPPs and characterize the properties of the plasmonic waveguide.
A Reputation-Based Trust Management System for P2P Networks (2008)

The open and anonymous nature of a P2P network makes it an ideal medium for attackers to spread malicious content. In this paper, we describe a reputation-based trust management protocol for P2P networks where users rate the reliability of parties they deal with, and share this information with their peers. The protocol helps establishing trust among good peers as well as identifying the malicious ones. Results of various simulation experiments show that the proposed system can be highly effective in preventing the spread of malicious content in P2P networks. 1
Overdensity of SubMillimiter Galaxies in the GJ526 Field mapped with the NIKA2 Camera (2022)

Using the NIKA2 dual band millimeter camera installed on the IRAM30m telescope, we have mapped a relatively large field (~ 70 arcmin 2 ) in the direction of the star GJ526 to investigate the nature of the sources found with the MAMBO camera at 1.2 mm ten years earlier. We have found that they must be dust-obscured galaxies (SMGs) in the background beyond the star. The new NIKA2 map at 1.15 mm reveals additional sources and, in fact, an overdensity of SMGs predominantly distributed along a filament-like structure in projection on the sky across the whole observed field. We speculate this might be a cosmic filament at high redshift as revealed in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Measurement of spectroscopic redshifts of the SMGs in the candidate filament is required now for a definitive confirmation of the nature of the structure.
Development of the integrated environmental control model: Cost models for pulverized coal base plants. Quarterly progress report, October 1994--December 1994 (1995)

In its current configuration, the IECM provides a capability to model various conventional and advanced processes for controlling air pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants before, during, or after combustion. The principal purpose of the model is to calculate the performance, emissions, and cost of power plant configurations employing alternative environmental control methods. The model consists of various control technology modules, which may be integrated into a complete utility plant in any desired combination. In contrast to conventional deterministic models, the IECM offers the unique capability to assign probabilistic values to all model input parameters, and to obtain probabilistic outputs in the form of cumulative distribution functions indicating the likelihood of different costs and performance results. The most recent version of the IECM, implemented on a Macintosh II computer, was delivered to DOE/PETC at the end of the last contract in May 1991. The current contract will continue the model development effort to provide DOE/PETC with improved model capabilities, including new software developments to facilitate model use and new technical capabilities for analysis of environmental control technologies. Integrated environmental control systems involving pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion control methods will be considered. The work in this contract is divided into twomore » phases. Phase I involves developing the existing modules of the IECM and training PETC personnel on the effective use of the model. Phase II deals with creating new technology modules, linking the IECM with PETC databases, and training PETC personnel on the use of the updated models. The present report summarizes recent progress on the Phase I effort during the period October 1 - December 31, 1994.« less
Subretinal Fluid Stimulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Migration and Proliferation Is Dependent on Certain Features of the Detachment or Its Treatment (1989)

Subretinal fluid was collected without contamination by blood by placing capillary tubes within drainage sclerotomies when retinal reattachment surgery was performed. All samples (N = 24) stimulated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell migration and proliferation, but a wide range of activity existed (migration, 27.5% to 322.5% above baseline; proliferation, 7.5% to 318.3% above baseline). The correlation between migration- and proliferation-stimulating activity was not strong, suggesting the possibility that different agents are responsible for each. Several variables were examined for correlation with each activity, including age and sex of the patient; extent, duration, and height of the detachment; protein content of the fluid; and amount of cryopexy. It was found that proliferation-stimulating activity increased with the extent of detachment and duration of detachment, while migration-stimulating activity correlated best with amount of cryopexy given before drainage. These data suggest that retinal cryopexy enhances RPE cell migration activity in subretinal fluid, while RPE proliferation activity increases with the size and duration of detachment.
Iterative Learning Control for waferstage positioning based on orthogonal projection (2007)

In this paper, design and analysis of Iterative Learning Control (ILC) based on partial information from previous cycles is developed. Typically, in a discrete-time repetitive process, ILC schemes use error from the entire previous cycle for updating the control input in the current cycle. Partial information of error from the previous cycle can be modeled as a projection onto a lower dimensional subspace. By appropriate choice of the subspace, noise and other non- repetitive disturbances in the error can be suppressed, leading to cleaner learning signals. In particular, two aspects of the orthogonal projection-based ILC schemes are investigated. First, conditions on stability of the projection-based ILC scheme are developed. Second, given a stable ILC scheme which uses the full error vector, the possible choices of projection subspaces is discussed. Implementation of the projection-based ILC scheme in precision positioning of a waferstage is presented. The major sources of repetitive error in precision tracking are phase- mismatch and force ripple. These effects are mathematically modeled and the subspace spanned by them is obtained from initial experimentation. A standard P-type ILC scheme based on the proposed projection method is then used in control of a prototype one DOF waferstage to effectively reject the error caused by these disturbances, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the proposed projection ILC scheme.
First genome-wide association study of esophageal atresia identifies three genetic risk loci at CTNNA3, FOXF1/FOXC2/FOXL1, and HNF1B (2022)

Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is the most common congenital malformation of the upper digestive tract. This study represents the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify risk loci for EA/TEF. We used a European case-control sample comprising 764 EA/TEF patients and 5,778 controls and observed genome-wide significant associations at three loci. On chromosome 10q21 within the gene <i>CTNNA3</i> (p = 2.11 × 10<sup>-8</sup>; odds ratio [OR] = 3.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.10-5.00), on chromosome 16q24 next to the <i>FOX</i> gene cluster (p = 2.25 × 10<sup>-10</sup>; OR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.38-1.55) and on chromosome 17q12 next to the gene <i>HNF1B</i> (p = 3.35 × 10<sup>-16</sup>; OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.64-1.87). We next carried out an esophageal/tracheal transcriptome profiling in rat embryos at four selected embryonic time points. Based on these data and on already published data, the implicated genes at all three GWAS loci are promising candidates for EA/TEF development. We also analyzed the genetic EA/TEF architecture beyond the single marker level, which revealed an estimated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability of around 37% ± 14% standard deviation. In addition, we examined the polygenicity of EA/TEF and found that EA/TEF is less polygenic than other complex genetic diseases. In conclusion, the results of our study contribute to a better understanding on the underlying genetic architecture of ET/TEF with the identification of three risk loci and candidate genes.
Using water distribution system models (1983)

Selecting a numerical method for modeling a water distribution system is only the first step in obtaining accurate results. This article offers some practical suggestions for using water distribution models including selection of the program, calibration of the model, preparation of working maps of the system, and running the model.
Les indéfinis négatifs dans les langues créoles (2015)

L'article est une relecture d'une etude de Haspelmath (2013b) sur les indefinis negatifs dans les langues creoles. J'interprete les donnees avec des categories qui sont justifiees independamment, comme celles de la concordance et de la quantification negative et ses sous-types strict et non-strict. Je compare les donnees creoles et non-creoles.
Human Colon-on-a-Chip Enables Continuous In Vitro Analysis of Colon Mucus Layer Accumulation and Physiology (2019)

This study shows the production of colonic mucus with a physiologically relevant bilayer structure in vitro, which can be analyzed in real time noninvasively. The Colon Chip may offer a new preclinical tool to analyze the role of mucus in human intestinal homeostasis as well as diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and cancer.
High‐Temperature Operation of AlxGa1−xN (x > 0.4) Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors with High‐k Atomic Layer Deposited Gate Oxides (2020)

Due to their superior breakdown fields compared with GaN and SiC and high thermal conductivity, Al x Ga 1− x N ( x &gt; 0.4) channel high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) will find applications in extreme environments such as power electronics. Herein, the high‐temperature operation of ultrawide‐bandgap (UWBG) Al 0.65 Ga 0.35 N/Al 0.4 Ga 0.6 N metal oxide semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistors (MOSHFETs) with atomic layer‐deposited (ALD) high‐ k gate dielectrics TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and ZrO 2 is reported. As compared with similar geometry HFETs, these devices exhibit a simultaneous reduction in gate‐leakage current by ≈10 4 and a positive shift of the threshold voltage as much as 4 V. This positive threshold shift indicates the introduction of negative charges at the oxide/barrier interface and within the thin oxide, attributed to the pre‐ALD plasma treatment. The gate leakage increases weakly with temperature up to 250 °C, whereas the peak drain currents decrease from ≈0.5 to 0.3 A mm −1 . An analysis of the C – V and I – V characteristics reveals that this drain current decrease is due to a reduction in channel electron mobility. The potential mechanisms responsible for this are discussed. Up to the measured temperature of 250 °C, the devices withstand repeated temperature cycles without catastrophic degradation or breakdown, underscoring the promise of these materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Tungsten(0) Inserts into a Carbon‐Fluorine Bond in the Presence of a Carbon‐Hydrogen Bond. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wearable Electronics: An Imperceptible Magnetic Skin (Adv. Mater. Technol. 10/2019) (2019)

In article number 1900493 by Abdullah S. Almansouri, Jurgen Kosel, and co-workers, a wearable magnetic skin provides remote operation and sensing solutions without the need for wires, on-chip batteries, etc. Versatile in color and shape and extremely flexible, it can be imperceptible or eye-catching and paves the way for numerous applications, such as tracking eye movements or contact-free user-machine interfaces.