gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-Group Bias in Deep Learning-Based Face Recognition Models Due to Ethnicity and Age (2023)

Humans are known to favor other individuals who exist in similar groups as them, exhibiting biased behavior, which is termed as in-group bias. The groups could be formed on the basis of ethnicity, age, or even a favorite sports team. Taking cues from aforementioned observation, we inspect if deep learning networks also mimic this human behavior, and are affected by in-group and out-group biases. In this first of its kind research, the behavior of face recognition models is evaluated to understand if similar to humans, models also encode group-specific features for face recognition, along with where bias is encoded in these models. Analysis has been performed for two use-cases of bias: age and ethnicity in face recognition models. Thorough experimental evaluation leads us to several insights: (i) deep learning models focus on different facial regions for different ethnic groups and age groups, and (ii) large variation in face verification performance is also observed across different sub-groups for both known and our own trained deep networks. Based on the observations, a novel bias index is presented for evaluating a trained model’s level of bias. We believe that a better understanding of how deep learning models work and encode bias, along with the proposed bias index would enable researchers to address the challenge of bias in AI, and develop more robust and fairer algorithms for mitigating bias as well as developing fairer models.
Whole-brain 3D MR fingerprinting brain imaging: clinical validation and feasibility to patients with meningioma (2021)

MR fingerprinting phantom data demonstrated a linear relationship between measured and reference relaxometry estimates for both T<sub>1</sub> (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.99) and T<sub>2</sub> (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.97). MRF T<sub>1</sub> relaxation times were longer in meningioma (mean ± SD 1429 ± 202 ms) compared to thalamus (mean ± SD 1054 ± 58 ms; p = 0.004), centrum semiovale (mean ± SD 825 ± 42 ms; p < 0.001) and contralateral white matter (mean ± SD 799 ± 40 ms; p < 0.001). MRF T<sub>2</sub> relaxation times were longer for meningioma (mean ± SD 69 ± 27 ms) as compared to thalamus (mean ± SD 27 ± 3 ms; p < 0.001), caudate head (mean ± SD 39 ± 5 ms; p < 0.001) and contralateral white matter (mean ± SD 35 ± 4 ms; p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Phantom measurements indicate that the proposed 3D-MRF sequence relaxometry estimations are valid and reproducible. For in vivo, entire brain coverage was obtained in clinically feasible time and allows quantitative assessment of meningioma in clinical practice.
Confronting Potential Influenza A (H5N1) Pandemic with Better Vaccines (2007)

Influenza A (H5N1) viruses are strong candidates for causing the next influenza pandemic if they acquire the ability for efficient human-to-human transmission. A major public health goal is to make efficacious vaccines against these viruses by using novel approaches, including cell-culture system, reverse genetics, and adjuvant development. Important consideration for the strategy includes preparation of vaccines from a currently circulating strain to induce broad-spectrum immunity toward newly emerged human H5 strains. This strategy would be a good solution early in a pandemic until an antigenically matched and approved vaccine is produced. The concept of therapeutic vaccines (e.g., antidisease vaccine) directed at diminishing the cytokine storm frequently seen in subtype H5N1-infected persons is underscored. Better understanding of host-virus interaction is essential to identify tools to produce effective vaccines against influenza (H5N1).
Un parc de forêt dense en Afrique : le parc national de Taï (Côte d'Ivoire) : suite et fin (1978)

La première partie de cet article a été publiée dans le numéro précédent. Elle rappelait les objectifs visés, décrivait l'environnement, et énumérait les ressources.Dans cette deuxième partie, l'auteur traite de la configuration du parc et de sa zone de protection. Il indique également les meilleurs moyens possibles non seulement de sauvegarder le parc, mais aussi et surtout de le valoriser. Il estime que l'ouverture aux touristes serait bénéfique ; le parc serait mieux connu, mieux accepté par les populations locales, mieux protégé. Le Mont Nienokoué pourrait constituer un pôle d'attraction.
Experience at LLNL - Final Report for SJSU Research Foundation (2008)

The past two years at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been an enriching experience that I will remember for a long time. It has taught me many skills I can utilize towards my future career as well as giving me insight into what is involved in the field of research in physics. With the help of Professor Wharton and Mike Messerly at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory I have come away from this experience with knowledge and skills to go forth and jump-start my career. My overall experience at LLNL has been life-changing as it opened my eyes to what is involved in the field I would like to go into. It allowed me to enjoy learning about how things are used in the industry. My time at LLNL has ended but I come away with knowledge, experience, and skills to go forth and pursue my career in physics.
A High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Medicinal Cannabis Biomass (2020)

Cannabis and its secondary metabolite content have recently seen a surge in research interest. Cannabis terpenes and terpenoids in particular are increasingly the focus of research efforts due to the possibility of their contribution to the overall therapeutic effect of medicinal cannabis. Current methodology to quantify terpenes in cannabis biomass mostly relies on large quantities of biomass, long extraction protocols, and long GC gradient times, often exceeding 60 min. They are therefore not easily applicable in the high-throughput environment of a cannabis breeding program. The method presented here, however, is based on a simple hexane extract from 40 mg of biomass, with 50 μg/mL dodecane as internal standard, and a gradient of less than 30 min. The method can detect 48 individual terpenes and terpenoids and was validated for selectivity, linearity, LOD/LOQ, precision, intermediate precision, and accuracy (recovery) for 22 terpenes and terpenoids. The validation parameters are comparable to previously published studies that employ significantly longer runtimes and/or more complex extraction protocols. It is currently being applied to medicinal cannabis precision breeding programs.
Case Study: Deontological Ethics in NLP (2021)

Shrimai Prabhumoye, Brendon Boldt, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Alan W Black. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2021.
Contemporary Chinese Politics: New Sources, Methods, and Field Strategies. Edited by Allen Carlson, Mary E. Gallagher, Kenneth Lieberthal, and Melanie Manion. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 328 pp. $31 (paper). (2013)

Contemporary Chinese Politics: New Sources, Methods, and Field Strategies. Edited by Allen Carlson, Mary E. Gallagher, Kenneth Lieberthal, and Melanie Manion. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 328 pp. $31 (paper). - Volume 13 Issue 3
Test of lepton flavor universality by the measurement of the B0→D*−τ+ντ branching fraction using three-prong τ decays (2018)

Test of lepton flavor universality by the measurement of the B 0 D - + branching fraction using three-prong decays
Paper # 253: Biomechanical Analysis of Partial Tears of Anteromedial and Posterolateral Bundles of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (2011)

This study suggests that the clinical diagnosis of a partial tear of the ACL is more likely to represent a ‘functionally complete tear’.
Determination of trace elements in volcanic rock samples collected from cenozoic lava eruption sites using LIBS (2009)

Trace elements of environmental significance present in the volcanic rock samples collected from sites of the Cenozoic era flood basalt flows and eruptions were detected using locally developed laser-induced breakdown spectrometer. For spectro-chemical analysis of these samples, the plasma was generated by focusing a pulsed Nd: YAG laser radiation at 1064 nm wavelength on the target rock samples. These samples were collected from four widely separated locations surrounding the volcanic eruption sites belonging to the Harrat Hutaymah volcanic field in the vicinity of Taba town, situated to the east of Hail city of northern Saudi Arabia. These samples represent the scoria basalt lava flows as well as a large tuff-ring crater and it contains xenoliths. These flows occur widespread over the Earth's surface in this region, and their contained xenoliths are brought up from depths of a few tens of kilometers. This volcanic field has received much less attention in the previous geological studies; and consequently, its effects on the environment are not well defined. The concentration of different elements of environmental significance like Cr, Pb, Mn, Cd, Sr and other trace metals like Cu, Al, Ca, Mg, Zn, Ti and Fe in these rock samples were determined by spectral analysis. Parametric dependence for improvement of LIBS sensitivity for detection of these elements was also carried out. The highest concentration detected of environmentally significant elements like Cr, Mn, Pb, Sr and Ni are 1910, 1399, 90.5, 12412 and 461.5 ppm, respectively in four different lava samples which are considered to be much higher than the safe permissible limits. The LIBS results were compared with the results obtained using other analytical techniques such as the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
SMOS simplified iterative full-pol brightness temperature retrieval (2016)

SMOS is the acronym for the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) [1]. Its single payload, the Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), was successfully launched in November 2009. Along more than six years of operation, SMOS calibration and imaging algorithms have undergone a continuous evolution to further improve the accuracy of the retrieved geophysical parameters for a variety of scientific applications related with soil moisture and ocean salinity [2]. This paper analyzes a simplified iterative image reconstruction method that exclusively takes into account the dominant terms in the full-polarimetric equation [3]. This simplified method, that reduces computation time up to 50% at the cost of small radiometric performance degradation, is useful to the L1 teams to fine tune the calibration of the instrument when processing a large amount of data is required.
Valence-band density of states and surface electron accumulation in epitaxialSnO2films (2014)

The surface band bending and electronic properties of ${\mathrm{SnO}}_{2}$(101) films grown on $r$-sapphire by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy have been studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), Hall effect, and electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements. The XPS results were correlated with density functional theory calculation of the partial density of states in the valence-band and semicore levels. Good agreement was found between theory and experiment with a small offset of the Sn $4d$ levels. Homogeneous Sb-doped ${\mathrm{SnO}}_{2}$ films allowed for the calculation of the bulk Fermi level with respect to the conduction-band minimum within the $\mathbf{k}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{p}$ carrier statistics model. The band bending and carrier concentration as a function of depth were obtained from the capacitance-voltage characteristics and model space charge calculations of the Mott-Schottky plots at the surface of Sb-doped ${\mathrm{SnO}}_{2}$ films. It was quantitatively demonstrated that ${\mathrm{SnO}}_{2}$ films have downward band bending and surface electron accumulation. The surface band bending, unoccupied donor surface-state density, and width of the accumulation region all decrease with increasing Sb concentration.
Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of reduced vanadium phosphates, α-Rb[VIII(HPO4)2], β-Rb[VIII(HPO4)2] and NH4[VIII(HPO4)2], octahedral-tetrahedral framework solids (1995)

The vanadium(III) phosphates α-Rb[V(HPO4)2] (1), β-Rb[V(HPO4)2] (2) and NH4[V(HPO4)2] (3) were prepared by hydrothermal reactions of V2O5, vanadium metal, H3PO4, water and an appropriate cation source. The three-dimensional framework of 1 is constructed from the corner-sharing of {VO6} octahedra and {HPO4} tetrahedra which fuse to generate structural motifs based on {V2(μ2-HPO4)3} and {Vμ2-HPO4)2} units. The resultant network is characterized by the presence of channels defined by the corner-sharing of four {VO6} octahedra and four {HPO4} tetrahedra and occupied by Rb+ cations. In contrast, the structural motif of 2 is the {V2(μ2-HPO4)2} unit exclusively, which produces a framework containing channels defined by the corner-sharing of six {VO6} octahedra and six {HPO4} tetrahedra. Compound 3 is isostructural with 2. Crystal data: Rb1.5V1.5P3O12H3 (1), P1, a = 8.831(1), b = 9.450(2), c = 7.188(2) Å, α = 109.55(2), β = 110.26(1), γ = 65.34(1)°, V = 498.5(2)Å, Z = 2, Dcalc = 3.261 g cm−3, structure solution and refinement based on 1047 reflections converged at R = 0.068; RbVP2O8H2 (2), P21c, a=5.21(1), b =8.789(8), c=14.330(5) Å, β=94.39(4)°, V=654(1) Å3, Z = 4, Dcalc=3.315 g cm−3, 668 reflections, R = 0.083; VP2O8NH6 (3), P21c, a=5.201(2), b=8.738(2), c=14.389(3) Å, β=94.83(1)°, V=652.0(3) Å3, Dcalc=2.627 g cm−3, 1561 reflections, R = 0.052.
Part I: Physical Insights Into the Two-Stage Breakdown Characteristics of STI-Type Drain-Extended pMOS Device (2015)

In this paper, we study breakdown characteristics in shallow-trench isolation (STI)-type drain-extended MOSFETs (DeMOS) fabricated using a low-power 65-nm triple-well CMOS process with a thin gate oxide. Experimental data of p-type STI-DeMOS device showed distinct two-stage behavior in breakdown characteristics in both OFF- and ON-states, unlike the n-type device, causing a reduction in the breakdown voltage and safe operating area. The first-stage breakdown occurs due to punchthrough in the vertical structure formed by p-well, deep n-well, and p-substrate, whereas the second-stage breakdown occurs due to avalanche breakdown of lateral n-well/p-well junction. The breakdown characteristics are also compared with the STI-DeNMOS device structure. Using the experimental results and advanced TCAD simulations, a complete understanding of breakdown mechanisms is provided in this paper for STI-DeMOS devices in advanced CMOS processes.
A hybrid ferroelectric-flash memory cells (2014)

A ferroelectric-flash (F-flash) memory cells having a metal-ferroelectric-nitride-oxynitride-silicon structure are demonstrated, and the ferroelectric materials were perovskite-dominated Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) crystallized by Pt gate electrode. The PZT thin-film as a blocking layer improves electrical and memorial performance where programming and erasing mechanism are different from the metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor device or the conventional silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon device. F-flash cells exhibit not only the excellent electrical transistor performance, having 442.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 of field-effect mobility, 190 mV dec−1 of substhreshold slope, and 8 × 105 on/off drain current ratio, but also a high reliable memory characteristics, having a large memory window (6.5 V), low-operating voltage (0 to −5 V), faster P/E switching speed (50/500 μs), long retention time (&amp;gt;10 years), and excellent fatigue P/E cycle (&amp;gt;105) due to the boosting effect, amplification effect, and energy band distortion of nitride from the large polarization. All these characteristics correspond to the best performances among conventional flash cells reported so far.
No Evidence for XMRV Nucleic Acids, Infectious Virus or Anti-XMRV Antibodies in Canadian Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2011)

The gammaretroviruses xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) and MLV have been reported to be more prevalent in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients than in healthy controls. Here, we report the complex analysis of whole blood and plasma samples from 58 CFS patients and 57 controls from Canada for the presence of XMRV/MLV nucleic acids, infectious virus, and XMRV/MLV-specific antibodies. Multiple techniques were employed, including nested and qRT-PCR, cell culture, and immunoblotting. We found no evidence of XMRV or MLV in humans and conclude that CFS is not associated with these gammaretroviruses.
Anti-tumor effects of a small molecule C-C chemokine receptor 4 inhibitor in mouse tumor models (2018)

Background: Chemokines and their receptors influence many hallmark processes in cancer. C-C Chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and its ligands are highly expressed in many types of human tumors, and are often associated with poor prognosis. CCR4 antagonism has been demonstrated to reduce tumor growth in various mouse tumor models. Here we have assessed a small molecule inhibitior of CCR4 as a therapeutic agent to potentiate the effects of anti-CTLA-4 in the CT26 and KCM tumor models. Methods: The subcutaneous CT26 colon cancer model and the orthotopic KCM pancreatic cancer model were used to assess the effects of CCX6239, a CCR4 inhibitor, in combination with anti-CTLA-4 antibody. Mice implanted with CT26 cells were randomized into study groups on day 7 based on the pre-treatment tumor sizes. KCM cells were implanted directly into the pancreas. Dosing of CCX6239 and anti-CTLA-4 began on day 7. CCX6239 was dosed orally twice daily at 30mg/kg, and anti-CTLA-4 was dosed intraperitoneally on days 7, 11, and 15 at 100μg/mouse. Results: Combined treatment with anti-CTLA-4 and CCR4 inhibitor significantly decreased tumor size and increased the proportion of long-term survivors in the CT26 model. Mice with tumor regression exhibited a high proportion of CD8 T cells that recognized a CT26-specific neoantigen, and these mice were resistant to re-inoculation with CT26 cells (without further dosing of either drug), while another type of tumor grew well in the same mice. In the KCM model, anti-CTLA-4 alone provided substantial tumor growth inhibition, which was further enhanced by CCX6239. Interestingly, CCX6239 alone also significantly reduced tumor burden in this model. Conclusions: A specific CCR4 inhibitor reduces tumor growth either alone or in combiniation with anti-CTLA-4 in two preclinical models, suggesting CCR4 is a potential new target for cancer treatment. Legal entity responsible for the study: ChemoCentryx Inc. Funding: ChemoCentryx Inc. Disclosure: C. Li, J.J. Campbell, L.S. Ertl, Z. Miao, V. Chhina, A. Kumamoto, S. Yau, T. Dang, P. Zhang, T.J. Schall, R. Singh: Full time employee and stock holder of ChemoCentryx Inc.
Performance study on a low cost converter for micro-wind generarion systems (2013)

This paper presents an investigation into the performance of a low cost integrated micro-wind generation system. In comparison to a conventional micro-wind system, the integrated solution presented in the paper, which utilizes the phase inductances of the generator as the boost inductor, eliminates the requirement for a separate boost inductor and filter capacitor, significantly reducing the cost and the size. A commercially viable 1.2 kW integrated micro-wind system is designed and the details of the prototype implementation are presented. The performance of this prototype is compared with an equivalent conventional system and the experimental results are presented to demonstrate the viability of the integrated system as an efficient and cost effective solution.
MR Subtraction Angiography with a Matched Filter (1988)

The technique of matched filtering (MF) has been used in the past with X-ray digital subtraction angiography as a method of improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in subtraction angiographic images. In this work we describe how MF can be applied to a series of images produced by cinematographic magnetic resonance (cine MR) to produce angiographic images. Likewise, a simple subtraction image can be formed by subtracting an image in which flow is not well visualized from an image at the same location but with flow visualization. Theory predicts that a subtraction image resulting from the MF technique will yield typical SNR improvements of 60% over results from simple subtraction. Twenty-one studies of the human popliteal, canine aorta, and canine carotid artery were undertaken in which MF was compared with simple subtraction. It was determined that cine MR can be used to produce subtraction angiographic images and that MF can produce a modest improvement in SNR over simple subtraction.
Search for Top Squark and Higgsino Production Using Diphoton Higgs Boson Decays (2014)

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top quark (the top squark) and the Higgs boson (Higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at s=8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the top squark mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the Higgsino mass.
Rethinking Continual Learning for Autonomous Agents and Robots (2019)

Continual learning refers to the ability of a biological or artificial system to seamlessly learn from continuous streams of information while preventing catastrophic forgetting, i.e., a condition in which new incoming information strongly interferes with previously learned representations. Since it is unrealistic to provide artificial agents with all the necessary prior knowledge to effectively operate in real-world conditions, they must exhibit a rich set of learning capabilities enabling them to interact in complex environments with the aim to process and make sense of continuous streams of (often uncertain) information. While the vast majority of continual learning models are designed to alleviate catastrophic forgetting on simplified classification tasks, here we focus on continual learning for autonomous agents and robots required to operate in much more challenging experimental settings. In particular, we discuss well-established biological learning factors such as developmental and curriculum learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation and their computational counterparts for modeling the progressive acquisition of increasingly complex knowledge and skills in a continual fashion.
On the performance of time constrained OQAM-OFDM waveforms with preamble based channel estimation (2016)

Forthcoming fifth generation (5G) mobile networks need to support a wide variety of services, from mobile broadband (MBB) communications supporting up to 100 Gbps throughput and millisecond class latency to ultra-low power machine-to-machine (M2M) communications supporting very low bit rates and tens of years operation with single battery or operation together with new energy harvesting solutions. In this paper, we concentrate on the MBB aspect and consider two new OQAM-OFDM based waveform candidates proposed for 5G communications while noting the strict time latency requirements. Also, we compare different preamble designs used for channel estimation and show that some of the pseudo-pilot power maximizing interference approximation method based preamble designs are not suitable for communications with any nonlinear power amplifier (PA) model and that an ad-hoc random OQAM based preamble design performs well compared to specific optimized preamble designs.