gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural analysis of receptor binding domain mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that modulate ACE2 and antibody binding (2021)

The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Beta (B.1.351) and Gamma (P.1) variants of concern (VoCs) include a key mutation (N501Y) found in the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant that enhances affinity of the spike protein for its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Additional mutations are found in these variants at residues 417 and 484 that appear to promote antibody evasion. In contrast, the Epsilon variants (B.1.427/429) lack the N501Y mutation yet exhibit antibody evasion. We have engineered spike proteins to express these receptor binding domain (RBD) VoC mutations either in isolation or in different combinations and analyze the effects using biochemical assays and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural analyses. Overall, our findings suggest that the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variant spikes can be rationalized as the result of mutations that confer increased ACE2 affinity, increased antibody evasion, or both, providing a framework to dissect the molecular factors that drive VoC evolution.
Nano-spots induced break of the chemical inertness of boron: a new route toward reversible hydrogen storage applications (2014)

Macrocellular carbonaceous foams with metallic nanoparticle inclusions of Pd/Au are designed to trigger the reversible hydrogen storage properties of lithium borohydride (LiBH<sub>4</sub>).
Dense Urban Outdoor-Indoor Coverage from 3.5 to 28 GHz (2022)

In the US, people spend 87% of their time indoors and have an average of four connected devices per person (in 2020). As such, providing indoor coverage has always been a challenge but becomes even more difficult as carrier frequencies increase to mmWave and beyond. This paper investigates the outdoor and outdoor-indoor coverage of an urban network comparing globally standardized building penetration models and implementing models to corresponding scenarios. The glass used in windows of buildings in the grid plays a pivotal role in determining the outdoor-to-indoor propagation loss. For 28 GHz with 1 W/polarization transmit power in the urban street grid, the downlink data rates for 90% of outdoor users are estimated at over 250 Mbps. In contrast, 15% of indoor users are estimated to be in outage, with SNR <−3 dB when base stations are 400 m apart with one-fifth of the buildings imposing high penetration loss (∼ 35 dB). At 3.5 GHz, base stations may achieve over 250 Mbps for 90% indoor users if 400 MHz bandwidth with 100 W/polarization transmit power is available. The methods and models presented can be used to facilitate decisions regarding the density and transmit power required to provide high data rates to majority users in urban centers.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral N-Sulfinyl 3-Alkyl- and 3-Arylpiperidines by α-Alkylation of N-Sulfinyl Imidates with 1-Chloro-3-iodopropane (2010)

α-Alkylation of N-sulfinyl imidates with 1-chloro-3-iodopropane successfully led to 2-substituted N-tert-butanesulfinyl-5-chloropentanimidates in acceptable diastereomeric ratios (dr 67/33 to 72/28) and good yields (74-86%). Subsequent reduction with NaBH(4) led to the corresponding 2-substituted N-tert-butanesulfinyl-5-chloropentylamines, which could be cyclized to a range of new chiral 3-substituted N-tert-butanesulfinylpiperidines using NaH in DMSO. Finally, the N-tert-butanesulfinylpiperidines could be efficiently deprotected to enantiomerically pure 3-alkyl- and 3-arylpiperidine hydrochlorides.
Modeling Method for Increased Precision and Scope of Directly Measurable Fluxes at a Genome-Scale (2016)

Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is considered to be the gold standard for determining the intracellular flux distribution of biological systems. The majority of work using MFA has been limited to core models of metabolism due to challenges in implementing genome-scale MFA and the undesirable trade-off between increased scope and decreased precision in flux estimations. This work presents a tunable workflow for expanding the scope of MFA to the genome-scale without trade-offs in flux precision. The genome-scale MFA model presented here, iDM2014, accounts for 537 net reactions, which includes the core pathways of traditional MFA models and also covers the additional pathways of purine, pyrimidine, isoprenoid, methionine, riboflavin, coenzyme A, and folate, as well as other biosynthetic pathways. When evaluating the iDM2014 using a set of measured intracellular intermediate and cofactor mass isotopomer distributions (MIDs),1 it was found that a total of 232 net fluxes of central and peripheral metabolism could be resolved in the E. coli network. The increase in scope was shown to cover the full biosynthetic route to an expanded set of bioproduction pathways, which should facilitate applications such as the design of more complex bioprocessing strains and aid in identifying new antimicrobials. Importantly, it was found that there was no loss in precision of core fluxes when compared to a traditional core model, and additionally there was an overall increase in precision when considering all observable reactions.
Triglyceride-lowering effect of omega-3 LC-polyunsaturated fatty acids--a review. (2000)

There is increasing evidence that serum triglycerides are a significant and independent risk factor for CVD. The aim of this report is to review recent literature pertinent to the triglyceride-lowering effect of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Animal data are not considered because they are difficult to extrapolate to the human situation. A large body of evidence derived from epidemiological studies and clinical trials has consistently demonstrated that this effect is dose-dependent and can be achieved by diet. The smallest amount of omega-3 LC-PUFA needed to significantly lower serum triglycerides appears to be approximately 1 g/day as provided by a fish diet. Use of fish oil administering as little as 0.21 g EPA and 0.12 g DHA per day significantly lowered serum triglycerides in hyperlipidemics. In normolipidemics, a daily intake of 0.17 g EPA and 0.11 g DHA, given as a fish oil supplement, induced a non-significant reduction of 22%. These findings must be considered as preliminary and warrant further research. Intake of omega-3 LC-PUFA is frequently reported to modestly increase LDL cholesterol. However, in normo- or slightly hyperlipidemic individuals who received omega-3 LC-PUFA for 4 months or longer, changes of LDL cholesterol were not significantly different from a placebo group. Both EPA and DHA lower serum triglycerides, but they may have a differential effect on lipoproteins. Intake of omega-3 LC-PUFA in the amount mentioned above is safe.
One‐Step Transfer and Integration of Multifunctionality in CVD Graphene by TiO2/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Layer (2014)

We present a straightforward method for simultaneously enhancing the electrical conductivity, environmental stability, and photocatalytic properties of graphene films through one-step transfer of CVD graphene and integration by introducing TiO2/graphene oxide layer. A highly durable and flexible TiO2 layer is successfully used as a supporting layer for graphene transfer instead of the commonly used PMMA. Transferred graphene/TiO2 film is directly used for measuring the carrier transport and optoelectronic properties without an extra TiO2 removal and following deposition steps for multifunctional integration into devices because the thin TiO2 layer is optically transparent and electrically semiconducting. Moreover, the TiO2 layer induces charge screening by electrostatically interacting with the residual oxygen moieties on graphene, which are charge scattering centers, resulting in a reduced current hysteresis. Adsorption of water and other chemical molecules onto the graphene surface is also prevented by the passivating TiO2 layer, resulting in the long term environmental stability of the graphene under high temperature and humidity. In addition, the graphene/TiO2 film shows effectively enhanced photocatalytic properties because of the increase in the transport efficiency of the photogenerated electrons due to the decrease in the injection barrier formed at the interface between the F-doped tin oxide and TiO2 layers.
Lithographically fabricated fiber guides for optical subassemblies (2002)

A new optoelectronic packaging technology is presented which permits highly accurate fiber-to-chip alignment at low cost. Instead of the more common methods employed in fabricating optical subassemblies, which use leadframe, precision plastic-molding, or silicon-optical-bench technology, here fiber guides are fabricated in a photoresist by use of standard photolithographic procedures. By this means the fiber guides are directly created on an entire wafer of either VCSELs or receivers, resulting in structures with very tight dimensional tolerances fabricated at very low cost. After dicing, a fiber is interfaced with a chip under computer control using a very simple semiautomatic tool to insert the fiber into the fiber guide. This new technology may be used in the fabrication of a wide variety of single or multi-channel optoelectronic transceivers.
Area-efficient nonvolatile carry chain based on pass-transistor/atom-switch hybrid logic (2016)

Abstract For the first time, an area-efficient nonvolatile carry chain combining look-up tables and a pass-transistor-logic-based adder is newly developed using complementary atom switches without additional CMOS circuits. A proposed tristate switch composed of three pairs of complementary atom switches selects one of “0”, “1”, and the “carry_in” signal as the input of a common multiplexer for both a look-up table and an adder. The developed nonvolatile carry chain achieves the reductions of 20% area, 17% delay, and 17% power consumption, respectively, in comparison with a conventional nonvolatile carry chain using dedicated CMOS gates.
The Radiochemical Analysis of Gaseous Samples (RAGS) apparatus for nuclear diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility (invited) (2012)

The Radiochemical Analysis of Gaseous Samples (RAGS) diagnostic apparatus was recently installed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Following a NIF shot, RAGS is used to pump the gas load from the NIF chamber for purification and isolation of the noble gases. After collection, the activated gaseous species are counted via gamma spectroscopy for measurement of the capsule areal density and fuel-ablator mix. Collection efficiency was determined by injecting a known amount of (135)Xe into the NIF chamber, which was then collected with RAGS. Commissioning was performed with an exploding pusher capsule filled with isotopically enriched (124)Xe and (126)Xe added to the DT gas fill. Activated xenon species were recovered post-shot and counted via gamma spectroscopy. Results from the collection and commissioning tests are presented. The performance of RAGS allows us to establish a noble gas collection method for measurement of noble gas species produced via neutron and charged particle reactions in a NIF capsule.
Polarization-resolved pump-probe method to determine the excited-states of polymethine molecules (2003)

A pump-probe method based on excited-state transition dipole moment orientations is used to determine the energies of the excited-states of polymethine molecules. The results are compared to the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy technique with good agreement. ©2002 Optical Society of America.
Iron chelation by curcumin suppresses both curcumin-induced autophagy and cell death together with iron overload neoplastic transformation (2019)

Iron overload, notably caused by hereditary hemochromatosis, is an excess storage of iron in various organs that causes tissue damage and may promote tumorigenesis. To manage that disorder, free iron depletion can be induced by iron chelators like deferoxamine that are of increasing interest also in the cancer field since iron stock could be a potent target for managing tumorigenesis. Curcumin, a well-known active substance extracted from the turmeric rhizome, destabilizes endoplasmic reticulum, and secondarily lysosomes, thereby increasing mitophagy/autophagy and subsequent apoptosis. Recent findings show that cells treated with curcumin also exhibit a decrease in ferritin, which is consistent with its chemical structure and iron chelating activity. Here we investigated how curcumin influences the intracellular effects of iron overload via Fe-nitriloacetic acid or ferric ammonium citrate loading in Huh-7 cells and explored the consequences in terms of antioxidant activity, autophagy, and apoptotic signal transduction. In experiments with T51B and RL-34 epithelial cells, we have found evidence that curcumin-iron complexation abolishes both curcumin-induced autophagy and apoptosis, together with the tumorigenic action of iron overload.
Bioprinting the Cancer Microenvironment (2016)

Cancer is intrinsically complex, comprising both heterogeneous cellular compositions and microenvironmental cues. During the various stages of cancer initiation, development, and metastasis, cell-cell interactions (involving vascular and immune cells besides cancerous cells) as well as cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions (e.g., alteration in stiffness and composition of the surrounding matrix) play major roles. Conventional cancer models both two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) present numerous limitations as they lack good vascularization and cannot mimic the complexity of tumors, thereby restricting their use as biomimetic models for applications such as drug screening and fundamental cancer biology studies. Bioprinting as an emerging biofabrication platform enables the creation of high-resolution 3D structures and has been extensively used in the past decade to model multiple organs and diseases. More recently, this versatile technique has further found its application in studying cancer genesis, growth, metastasis, and drug responses through creation of accurate models that recreate the complexity of the cancer microenvironment. In this review we will focus first on cancer biology and limitations with current cancer models. We then detail the current bioprinting strategies including the selection of bioinks for capturing the properties of the tumor matrices, after which we discuss bioprinting of vascular structures that are critical toward construction of complex 3D cancer organoids. We finally conclude with current literature on bioprinted cancer models and propose future perspectives.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser Flash Photolysis Studies of Triplet Carbenes (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Trial Formation of Artificial Bone by Inkjet Powder-Layered Manufacturing (2008)

Artificial bone implants are in relatively simple shapes for use mainly by cutting or manually. To produce a desired bone shape, we used tribasic calcium phosphate bone ash powder as the material and aqueous sodium chondroitin sulfate solution as the binder in inkjet powder-layered manufacturing. In experiments, we reproduced a rabbit femur with a precision of 0.6 mm and a minimum longitudinal hollow shaft 2 mm in diameter based on computed tomography data. We gave the brittle artificial bone a compressive strength of 3 MPa by dipping it in water and binder through its hydrate reaction.
Crystallinity and Defects in Hafnium Oxide and Hafnium Silicate Films (2006)

Abstract not Available.
EFFECTS OF PROTEIN-CALORIE RESTRICTION ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO SKIN ALLOGRAFTS IN THE RAT (1980)

The effect of protein depletion on immune responsiveness was examined using a skin allograft model. Protein depletion was induced in adult Fischer (F344) male rats by the ad libitum provision of a 5% protein diet. Total serum protein, total body weight, total body nitrogen, and total body lipid were all markedly decreased in these rats. Skin from control-fed Brown Norway (BN) male rats was grafted to the middorsal region of control and protein-depleted F344 rats. BN skin allografts survived significantly longer on protein-depleted recipients (13.3 days) than on controls (8.5 days). Splenic lymphoid cells from skin grafted F344 rats were assayed for cytotoxicity against BN and F344 lymphoid cells in a 51Cr release assay. At effector to target ratios of 50:, 100:, and 200:1, spleen cells from control rats exhibited greater than 35% allospecific cytotoxicity 8 days after grafting. Spleen cells from protein-depleted rats exhibited no greater than 10% cytotoxicity from 6 to 15 days after grafting. A depression of cytotoxicity by protein depletion was also observed in rats immunized by i.p. injection of BN spleen cells. Heat-inactivated sera from skin grafted F344 rats were assayed against BN and F344 lymphoid cells in a complement-dependent trypan blue exclusion assay. Cytotoxic alloantibodies were measurable in both control and protein-depleted rats 9 days after grafting, but were of significantly lower titer in the protein-depleted group. The results indicate that both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to alloantigens are impaired by protein-calorie malnutrition.
Meta-analysis of genetic association with diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies novel risk loci and implicates Abeta, Tau, immunity and lipid processing (2018)

Introduction Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD, onset age &gt; 60 years) is the most prevalent dementia in the elderly 1 , and risk is partially driven by genetics 2 . Many of the loci responsible for this genetic risk were identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) 3–8 . To identify additional LOAD risk loci, the we performed the largest GWAS to date (89,769 individuals), analyzing both common and rare variants. We confirm 20 previous LOAD risk loci and identify four new genome-wide loci ( IQCK , ACE , ADAM10 , and ADAMTS1 ). Pathway analysis of these data implicates the immune system and lipid metabolism, and for the first time tau binding proteins and APP metabolism. These findings show that genetic variants affecting APP and Aβ processing are not only associated with early-onset autosomal dominant AD but also with LOAD. Analysis of AD risk genes and pathways show enrichment for rare variants ( P = 1.32 × 10 −7 ) indicating that additional rare variants remain to be identified.
Novel mutations in NLGN3 causing autism spectrum disorder and cognitive impairment (2019)

The X-linked NLGN3 gene, encoding a postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule, was involved in a nonsyndromic monogenic form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by the description of one unique missense variant, p.Arg451Cys (Jamain et al. 2003). We investigated here the pathogenicity of additional missense variants identified in two multiplex families with intellectual disability (ID) and ASD: c.1789C>T, p.Arg597Trp, previously reported by our group (Redin et al. 2014) and present in three affected cousins and c.1540C>T, p.Pro514Ser, identified in two affected brothers. Overexpression experiments in HEK293 and HeLa cell lines revealed that both variants affect the level of the mature NLGN3 protein, its localization at the plasma membrane and its presence as a cleaved form in the extracellular environment, even more drastically than what was reported for the initial p.Arg451Cys mutation. The variants also induced an unfolded protein response, probably due to the retention of immature NLGN3 proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. In comparison, the c.1894A>G, p.Ala632Thr and c.1022T>C, p.Val341Ala variants, present in males from the general population, have no effect. Our report of two missense variants affecting the normal localization of NLGN3 in a total of five affected individuals reinforces the involvement of the NLGN3 gene in a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by ID and ASD.
Anodic materials for electrooxidation of alcohols in alkaline media (2017)

Recent achievements in the development of platinum and platinum group metals (PGMs) electrocatalysts for oxidation of alcohols in alkaline media has been summarized and critically reviewed. The mechanistic aspects of current state-of-the-art mono-, bi- and tri-metallic Pt and Pd based alloys/compounds towards the electrooxidation of alcohols – in particular ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol in alkaline media were discussed in detail. The main emphasis of the present chapter was targeted fig towards elucidating the correlations between structure, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties of the catalysts and their electrochemical activities. Finally, the effect of structure–property relationships towards selectivity and tolerance towards CO poisoning in alcohol oxidation reactions were also summarized.
n‐butane carbonylation to n‐pentanal using a cascade reaction of dehydrogenation and SILP‐catalyzed hydroformylation (2014)

A novel gas‐phase process has been developed that allows direct two‐step conversion of butane into pentanals with high activity and selectivity. The process consists of alkane dehydrogenation over a heterogeneous Cr/Al 2 O 3 catalyst followed by direct gas‐phase hydroformylation using advanced supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysis. The latter step uses rhodium complexes modified with the diphosphite ligands biphephos (BP) and benzopinacol to convert the butane/butene mixture from the dehydrogenation step efficiently into aldehydes. The use of the BP ligand results in improved yields of linear pentanal because SILP systems with this ligand are active for both isomerization and hydroformylation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 61: 893–897, 2015
A Comparative Study of the Malthusian Growth on Indian Economy by the Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (2020)

In December 2019, an outbreak of corona disorder reasons due to coronavirus-2, befell in Wuhan city, china.Later this virus is unfold and infect nearly all international locations in the world.As the no. of contaminated and demise instances will increase hastily World Health Organization (WHO) declare this as a pandemic.As it is a contagious disorder to keep away from spreading of contamination from individual to individual authorities declare extended lockdown in countries.Countries hostilities to deal with corona however in this way, financial system is badly stuck.The coronavirus outbreak is severely disrupting the international economy.Magnitude of financial influence is relying upon the length and severity of covid-19.In corona disaster humans no longer solely misery about fitness issue, however additionally due to monetary issue.The foremost contribution of this work is a comparative find out about of pre-Covid monetary situation and post-covid monetary condition.In this paper, we describe about covid-19 sickness and the viable methods in which spreading can controlled, and they have an effect on of lockdown on varies sectors.Major sectors are banking sector, tourism, agricultural region and pharmaceutical sector.
Manganese-Based Liposomes Comparative Approaches (1993)

Correlation effects likely explain the increased relaxivity of manganese entrapped in phospholipid vesicles. Greater efficacy, however, is afforded by liposomes bearing alkylated complexes.