gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Extended Aryl‐Substituted Bisoxazoline Ligands in Asymmetric Synthesis – Efficient Synthesis and Application of 4,4′‐Bis(1‐Naphthyl)‐, 4,4′‐Bis(2‐Naphthyl)‐ and 4,4′‐Bis(9‐Anthryl)‐2,2′‐isopropylidenebis(1,3‐oxazolines) (2005)

Abstract The steric influence of extended aryl substituents on 2,2′‐bis(1,3‐oxazoline) ligands was investigated in a series of asymmetric catalytic reactions such as Mukaiyama aldol and Michael reactions, hetero‐Diels–Alder processes, and allylic alkylation reactions. 4,4′‐(2‐Naphthyl)‐ and 4,4′‐(9‐anthryl)‐substituted isopropylidene‐bridged 2,2′‐bis(1,3‐oxazolines) were synthesized and their enantioselective and catalytic properties in combination with different metals evaluated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Limits of Abstract Evaluation Metrics (2017)

Wagstaff (2012) draws attention to the pervasiveness of abstract evaluation metrics that explicitly ignore or remove problem specifics. While such metrics allow practitioners to compare numbers across application domains, they offer limited insight into the impact of algorithmic decisions on humans and their perception of the algorithm's correctness. Even for problems that are mathematically the same, both the real-cost of (mathematically) identical errors, as well as their perceived-cost by users, may significantly vary according to the specifics of each problem domain, as well as of the user perceiving the result. While the real-cost of errors has been considered previously, little attention has been paid to the perceived-cost issue. We advocate for the inclusion of human-centered metrics that elicit error costs from humans from two perspectives: the nature of the error, and the user context. Focusing on hate speech detection on social media, we demonstrate that even when fixing the performance as measured by an abstract metric such as precision, user perception of correctness varies greatly depending on the nature of errors and user characteristics.
Progressive Temporal Window Widening (2016)

This paper introduces a scheme for data stream processing which is robust to batch duration. Streaming frameworks process streams in batches retrieved at fixed time intervals. In a common setting a pattern recognition algorithm is applied independently to each batch. Choosing the right time interval is tough --- a pattern may not fit in an interval which is too short, but detection will be delayed and memory may be exhausted if the interval is too long. We propose here Progressive Window Widening, an algorithm for increasing the interval gradually so that patterns are caught at any pace without unnecessary delays or memory overflow. This algorithm is relevant to computer security, system monitoring, user behavior tracking, and other applications where patterns of unknown or varying duration must be recognized online in data streams. Modern data stream processing frameworks are ubiquitously used to process high volumes of data, and adaptive memory and CPU allocation, facilitated by Progressive Window Widening, is crucial for their performance.
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein palmitoylation reduces virus infectivity (2021)

Abstract Spike glycoproteins of almost all enveloped viruses are known to undergo post-translational attachment of palmitic acid moieties. The precise role of such palmitoylation of the spike protein in membrane fusion and infection is not completely understood. Here, we report that palmitoylation of the first five cysteine residues of the c-terminal cysteine-rich domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike are indispensable for infection and palmitoylation deficient spike mutants are defective in trimerization and subsequent membrane fusion. The DHHC9 palmitoyltransferase interacts with and palmitoylates the spike protein in the ER and Golgi, and knockdown of DHHC9 results in reduced fusion and infection of SARS-CoV-2. Two bis-piperazine backbone-based DHHC9 inhibitors inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike protein palmitoylation and the resulting progeny virion particles released are defective in fusion and infection. This establishes these palmitoyltransferase inhibitors as potential new intervention strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
Learning bottom-up text attention maps for text detection using stroke width transform (2013)

Humans have a remarkable ability to quickly discern regions containing text from other noisy regions in images. The primary contribution of this paper is to learn a model to mimic this behavior and aid text detection algorithms. The proposed approach utilizes multiple low level visual features which signify visually salient regions and learns a model to eventually provide a text attention map which indicates potential text regions in images. In the next stage, a text detector using stroke width transform only focusses on these selective image regions achieving dual benefits of reduced computation time and better detection performance. Experimental results on the ICDAR 2003 text detection dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the baseline implementation of stroke width transform, and the generated text attention maps compare favorably with human fixation maps on text images.
COUPLING BETWEEN LATERAL AND VERTICAL DYNAMICS IN THREE TILTING WHEELS VEHICLES (2009)

The present work is dedicated to the study of the dynamic behaviour of tilting vehicles, a vehicle category characterised by small width, and low rollover risk. At least one of the axles therefore has to adopt a suspension architecture which ensures the normal damping function with the roll degree of freedom. If the tilting is free, as in motorbikes, it is necessary that the suspension ensures low friction and damping to this motion, these characteristics on the other hand will probably promote unstable vibrations. Objective of the present work is the modelling and validation of the instability phenomenon that characterize the tilting vehicles; this work has been done on an experimental vehicle designed and built by the Mechatronic Lab of Politecnico di Torino. The self excited vibrations observed during steady state cornering underline the need of studying this kind of suspensions.
Experimenting with Shared Generation of RSA Keys. (1999)

We describe an implementation of a distributed algorithm to generate a shared RSA key. At the end of the computation, an RSA modulus N = pq is publicly known. All servers involved in the computation are convinced that N is a product of two large primes, however none of them know the factorization of N . In addition, a public encryption exponentispublicly known and each server holds a share of the private exponent. Such a sharing of an RSA key has many applications and can be used to secure sensitive private keys. Previously, the only known method to generate a shared RSA key was through a trusted dealer. Our implementation demonstrates the e#ectiveness of shared RSA key generation, eliminating the need for a trusted dealer. 1 Introduction To protect an RSA private key, one may break it into a number of pieces #shares# and store each piece at a separate location. Sensitive private keys, such as Certi#cation Authority #CA# keys, can be protected in this way. Fortunately, for the RSA cr...
Single-crystal structural studies of metal–dichloride graphite intercalation compounds (1991)

Abstract The crystal structures of CoCl2-, MnCl2-, NiCl2-, and CuCl2-graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) have been studied with single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The first three intercalates maintain their pristine in-plane CdCl2 structure after intercalation. The intercalate layers in stage 1 CoCl2-, MnCl2-, NiCl2-GICs stack in an ordered αβTγαβTγ rhombohedral sequence. Additionally, the carbon layers in stage 1 CoCl2-GIC stack in an ordered ABC rhombohedral sequence. For CoCl2-, MnCl2-, and NiCl2,-GICs the intercalate and carbon in-plane lattices exhibit rotational epitaxy. The epitaxy angle is either near 0° or 30°, depending on the intercalate. Current models for rotational epitaxy do not explain the observed rotation angles. The CuCl2 layers have the periodicity of a centred rectangular net and stack, in the stage 1 GIC, in an ordered αβTαβTαβT sequence. The intercalate in stage 1 CuCl2-GIC forms a metrically face centred orthorhombic lattice; however, the symmetry of the intercalate structure is monoclinic. The intercalate interlayer interaction is attenuated by the intervening carbon layers, so that the stacking of the intercalate layers in all of the stage 2 compounds is uncorrelated.
Modeling a Nonlinear Harvester for Low Energy Vibrations (2018)

The availability of reliable analytical models is essential to the optimal design of energy harvesters and for the prediction of the system behavior. In this paper, we consider a low-input nonlinear system based on a flexible buckled beam forced in a bistable configuration. The harvester has been demonstrated to generate power in the excess of 400 μW with the optimal resistive load of 15 kΩ and a monotonic input with rootmean-square accelerations of 13.35 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The power generated is suitable for powering low-power measurement systems or sensor nodes. This paper focuses on a methodology for the modeling of the mechanical dynamical behavior of the device subject to a periodic impulsive signal. A measurement protocol for the evaluation of system's hidden quantities, the beam's restoring force, and the beam's displacement between its stable states is introduced. A second-order behavioral model with a nonlinear term representing the beam's restoring force has been used. In order to model the nonlinearity, two different potential energy functions have been compared by fitting the models to the experimental data with different constrains, through a performance index evaluating the fitting error.
Decision-making for automated vehicles at intersections adapting human-like behavior (2017)

Learning from human driver's strategies for solving complex and potentially dangerous situations including interaction with other road users has the potential to improve decision-making methods for automated vehicles. In this paper, we focus on simple unsignalized intersections and roundabouts in presence of another vehicle. We propose a human-like decision-making algorithm for these scenarios built up from human drivers recordings. The algorithm includes a risk assessment to avoid collisions in the intersection area. Three road topologies with different interaction scenarios were presented to human participants on a previously developed simulation tool. The same scenarios have been used to validate our decision-making process. The algorithm showed promising results with no collisions in all setups and the ability to successfully determine to go before or after another vehicle.
Supplementary Methods, Table 1, Figures 1-8 from Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase Cleaves Off the NH<sub>2</sub>-Terminal Portion of Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor and Converts It into a Heparin-Independent Growth Factor (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Table 1, Figures 1-8 from Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase Cleaves Off the NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Terminal Portion of Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor and Converts It into a Heparin-Independent Growth Factor
Discovery and Characterization of a Rapidly Fungicidal and Minimally Toxic Peptoid against Cryptococcus neoformans (2021)

A limited number of antifungals are available to treat infections caused by fungal pathogens such as <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Current clinical antifungals are generally toxic, and increasing resistance to these therapies is being observed, necessitating new, effective, and safe antifungals. Peptoids, or N-substituted glycines, have shown promise as antimicrobial agents against bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Herein we report the discovery and characterization of an antifungal peptoid termed RMG8-8. This compound was originally discovered from a combinatorial peptoid library using the Peptoid Library Agar Diffusion assay to screen against <i>C. albicans</i>. Though the efficacy of RMG8-8 against <i>C. albicans</i> was modest (25 μg/mL), the efficacy against <i>C. neoformans</i> was excellent (1.56 μg/mL). Cytotoxicity against a panel of cell lines proved RMG8-8 to be minimally toxic, with selectivity ratios ranging from 34 to 121. Additional studies were carried out to determine the pharmacological importance of each peptoid monomer in RMG8-8, characterize the killing kinetics of this compound against <i>C. neoformans</i> (<i>t</i> <sub>1/2</sub> = 6.5 min), and evaluate plasma protein binding and proteolytic stability. Finally, a liposomal lysis assay suggested that RMG8-8 likely exerts fungal killing through membrane permeabilization, the generally accepted mechanism of action for most antimicrobial peptides and peptoids.
Alterations in Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions during Progression of Cancers (2012)

Cancer progression is a multistep process during which normal cells exhibit molecular changes that culminate into the highly malignant and metastatic phenotype, observed in cancerous tissues. The initiation of cell transformation is generally associated with genetic alterations in normal cells that lead to the loss of intercellular- and/or extracellular-matrix- (ECM-) mediated cell adhesion. Transformed cells undergo rapid multiplication and generate more modifications in adhesion and motility-related molecules which allow them to escape from the original site and acquire invasive characteristics. Integrins, which are multifunctional adhesion receptors, and are present, on normal as well as transformed cells, assist the cells undergoing tumor progression in creating the appropriate environment for their survival, growth, and invasion. In this paper, we have briefly discussed the role of ECM proteins and integrins during cancer progression and described some unique conditions where adhesion-related changes could induce genetic mutations in anchorage-independent tumor model systems.
A novel ColV plasmid encoding type IV pili (2003)

Many septicaemic Escherichia coli strains harbour ColV virulence plasmids. This paper describes pO78V, a conjugative ColV plasmid from an avian pathogenic E. coli strain that encodes type IV pili in addition to other virulence-related genes and tetracycline resistance. Plasmid location of type IV pili genes was demonstrated using Southern hybridization and expression of the pili was demonstrated using RT-PCR and phage sensitivity assays. This is a first report of a ColV plasmid encoding type IV pili. Plasmid pO78V is a mosaic plasmid containing replicons and other genes typical to both IncI1 and IncFII groups. As type IV pili of Gram-negative bacteria are involved in several stages of infection, their presence on a ColV virulence plasmid could expand the repertoire of pathogenesis-related genes.
Preventing Radiobleaching of Cyanine Fluorophores Enhances Stability of Nuclear/NIRF Multimodality Imaging Agents (2016)

Despite the large interest in nuclear/optical multimodality imaging, the effect of radiation on the fluorescence of fluorophores remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report on the radiobleaching of cyanine fluorophores and describe conditions to provide robust radioprotection under practical (pre)clinical settings. We determined the radiosensitivity of several cyanine fluorescent compounds, including IRDye 800CW (800CW) and a dual modality imaging tetrapeptide containing DOTA as chelator and Dylight 800 as fluorophore, exposed to increasing activities of <sup>111</sup>In, <sup>68</sup>Ga, or <sup>213</sup>Bi (γ, EC/β, and α emitter, respectively). An activity and type of radiation-dependent radiation-induced loss of fluorescence, radiobleaching, of 800CW was observed upon incubation with escalating activities of <sup>111</sup>In, <sup>68</sup>Ga, or <sup>213</sup>Bi. <sup>68</sup>Ga showed the largest radiolytic effect, followed by <sup>111</sup>In and <sup>213</sup>Bi. The addition of oxygen radical scavengers including ethanol, gentisic acid, and ascorbic acid (AA), provided a concentration dependent radioprotective effect. These results supported the hypothesis of a free radical-mediated radiobleaching mechanism. AA provided the most robust radioprotection over a wide range of concentrations and preserved fluorescence at much higher radioactivity levels. Overall, both near-infrared fluorescent compounds displayed similar sensitivity, except for <sup>213</sup>Bi-irradiated solutions, where the dual modality construct exhibited enhanced radiolysis, presumably due to direct radiation damage from α particles. Concurrently, AA was not able to preserve fluorescence of the dual-modality molecule labeled with <sup>213</sup>Bi. Our findings have important consequences for several research areas including ROS sensing, radiation-mediated drug release (uncaging), fluorescent dosimetry, and in the preparation of dual-modality radiopharmaceuticals.
Anxious/Depressed Symptoms are Linked to Right Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortical Thickness Maturation in Healthy Children and Young Adults (2013)

The relationship between anxious/depressed traits and neuromaturation remains largely unstudied. Characterizing this relationship during healthy neurodevelopment is critical to understanding processes associated with the emergence of child/adolescent onset mood/anxiety disorders. In this study, mixed-effects models were used to determine longitudinal cortical thickness correlates of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Young Adult Self Report Anxious/Depressed scores in healthy children. Analyses included 341 subjects from 4.9 to 22.3 year-old with repeated MRI at up to 3 time points, at 2-year intervals (586 MRI scans). There was a significant "CBCL Anxious/Depressed by Age" interaction on cortical thickness in the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), including the medial orbito-frontal, gyrus rectus, and subgenual anterior cingulate areas. Anxious/Depressed scores were negatively associated with thickness at younger ages (<9 years), but positively associated with thickness at older ages (15-22 years), with the shift in polarity occurring around age 12. This was secondary to a slower rate of vmPFC cortical thinning in subjects with higher scores. In young adults (18-22 years), Anxious/Depressed scores were also positively associated with precuneus/posterior cingulate cortical thickness. Potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying this maturation pattern are proposed. These results demonstrate the dynamic impact of age on relations between vmPFC and negative affect in the developing brain.
Inhibitory and Inductive Effects of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Bosentan in Healthy Subjects (2007)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of bosentan. Healthy male subjects received bosentan 125 mg b.i.d. for 6.5 days in the presence or absence of rifampin 600 mg once a day. In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the effect of rifampin on the uptake of bosentan into Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1, -1B3, and -2B1. Following the first concomitant administration, there was a fivefold increase in bosentan trough concentrations. At steady state, concomitant rifampin significantly decreased exposure to bosentan by 58%. Rifampin potently inhibited the uptake of bosentan into cells expressing human OATP1B1 and -1B3. Rifampin decreased the exposure to bosentan consistent with its known cytochrome P450 enzyme-inductive properties. The initial increase in bosentan concentrations can be explained by an inhibitory effect of rifampin on hepatic drug transporters.
FDDI-M: a scheme to double FDDI's ability of supporting synchronous traffic (2002)

Synchronous messages are usually generated periodically and each of them is required to be transmitted before the generation of the next message. Due to the inherent deficiency in its Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, an FDDI token ring can use at most one half of its ring bandwidth to transmit such synchronous traffic. This deficiency greatly reduces the FDDI's capability of supporting multimedia applications like real-time voice/video transmissions. In this paper, we show how a few simple modifications to the FDDI's MAC protocol can remove this deficiency and double a ring's ability of supporting synchronous traffic. The modified protocol, called FDDI-M, preserves all other good features of an FDDI network and can also achieve a higher throughput for asynchronous traffic than the standard FDDI and the FDDI-II, thus making it useful even for those networks without heavy synchronous traffic.
Einfluß von 2-Desoxy-2.3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminsäure auf Myxovirus-Neuraminidasen und die Replikation von Influenza- und Newcastle Disease Virus / Influence of 2-Deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic Acid on Myxovirus-neuraminidases and the Replication of Influenza- and Newcastle Disease Virus (1971)

Neuraminidase of Influenza-A-Melbourne virus was competitively inhibited by 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid. The inhibition constant (K I ) was found to be 5.3 × 10 -6 mol/l. The inhibition of different viral neuraminidases was found to vary considerably. The release of Influenza-A-Melbourne virus adsorbed to chick erythrocytes was strongly inhibited by 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid. This substance also influenced the replication of neuraminidase containing viruses. The extent of this inhibition was variable. In contrast, the replication of viruses not containing neuraminidase was not affected.
[Prognosis for branch retinal vein occlusion]. (2011)

Patients with better initial VA can be observed without any treatment. As a whole, the 1-year VG is about one line and some significant visual improvement can be expected regardless of the treatments. The PPV group showed larger visual gain for eyes with worse initial visual acuity. Approximately half of the patients could not achieve any improvement by a single treatment and had a poor visual prognosis.
Comparing relational and graph databases for pedigree data sets (2014)

Increasingly large family pedigree data sets are being constructed from routine civil and religious registration data in various parts of the world. These are then being used in health, social and genetic research in a variety of different ways. Often the type of questions that are being asked involve complex queries, such as the degree of relatedness between multiple sets of individuals, and involve traversing through the data typically multiple times. There is therefore an important issue of efficiency of querying. In this paper we evaluate the suitability of two classes of database, relational (MariaDB) and graph (Neo4j), for storing and querying pedigree datasets representing millions of individuals. We report results of measurements of scalability, query performance, and the ease of query expression, using synthetic datasets.