gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental observation of the complex shape of spectral holes in Erbium-doped silica fiber (2003)

Spectral hole burning in Erbium-doped silica fiber was experimentally studied in a 100+ nm bandwidth. It was observed that the spectral holes overlap even for widely spaced saturating tones (&gt;40 nm); thus, the conventional two-tone subtractive measurement technique cannot be used to separate the holes.
A surface with stress, extensional elasticity, and bending stiffness (2019)

We demonstrate that the surface of a commonly used polydimethylsiloxane formulation (PDMS, Sylgard 184) treated by ultraviolet ozonolysis (UVO) has significant surface stress, considerable extensional elasticity (the "Shuttleworth Effect"), and surface bending elasticity. For soft solids, phenomena such as wetting, contact, surface flattening, and stiffening by liquid inclusions are often governed by their surface, which is usually represented by a liquid-like constant surface stress. Whether the surfaces of soft solids can have more complex constitutive response is actively debated. We studied the deformation of three surface-patterned materials systems: untreated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an organogel, and patterned PDMS with surface treatment by UVO. The last of these three, we found, has complex surface elasticity. This is analogous to the situation for liquids in which the presence of a second phase at the interface yields Gibbs elasticity. Our finding is of broad applicability because in soft solids the behavior of the surface can often dominate bulk deformation.
Five Phenvlic Compound in the Underground Part of Vancouveria hexandra (1993)

From the underground parts of Varuouveira hexanda, a new 2-phenoxybenzochromone and four new prenylated flavones were isolated.Their structures were determined by the spectral analysis.In our previous papers, the occurrence of new glywsides of flavonol with a y,y-dimethylallyl group in some Epimedium ~pecies,l-~ and the presence of new cognate glycosides in Vancouveria hexandra 6-8 were described.In continuation of our study on the chemotaxonomy of Epimedieae (Berberdaceae), in particular, between Epimedium and Vancouveria, we hied to isolate of non-glywsidic phenolic compounds from a lesser polar hction in the underground parts of V. hexandra, which resulted in the isolation of five new compounds.We deal with the structural elucidation of these compounds in this paper.The underground parts of Vancouveria hrrandra C. Mom.& Decne.were extracted with MeOH.After partition of the extract with EtOAc and n-BuOH, the n-BuOH soluble portion was subjected to silica gel wlumn chromatography (Si CC).The fraction eluted with CHCb-MeOH (5 : 1) was further purified with Si CC and preparative tlc to give five new compounds (1-5).Compound (1) was obtained as a yellow amouphous, and gave M + at m/z 300.In the 'H nmr spectrum, two hydroxyl groups (8 9.91 and 12.90 (chelated)] and a methoxyl group (8 3.92) were observed.A set of mera 1988
In Vitro Transcription of Immunoglobulin Genes in a B-Cell Extract: Effects of Enhancer and Promoter Sequences (1987)

Transfection experiments have led to the identification of three DNA sequences that are responsible for the tissue-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes. As a first step toward characterizing these regulatory phenomena at the biochemical level, we report the development of an in vitro transcription system from cells of the B lymphoid lineage. In these extracts, transcription of the MOPC41 kappa promoter is correctly initiated and dependent on the presence of an upstream sequence element located between -44 and -79 base pairs from the cap site. Second, although standard in vitro transcriptions are not affected by the presence or absence of enhancer sequences, we observed that the addition of polyethylene glycol led to a B-cell extract-specific suppression of transcription from a template that carries an immunoglobulin enhancer.
Interval Scan Inspection Technique for Contact Failure of Advanced DRAM Process using Electron Beam-Inspection System (2012)

We have developed a highly sensitive inspection technique based on an electron beam inspection for detecting the contact failure of a poly-Si plugged layer. It was difficult to distinguish the contact failure from normal landing plugs with high impedance. Normally, the thermal annealing method has been used to decrease the impedance of poly-Si plugs and this method increases the difference of charged characteristics and voltage contrast. However, the additional process made the loss of time and broke down the device characteristics. Here, the interval scanning method without thermal annealing was effectively applied to enhance the difference of surface voltage between well-contacted poly-Si plugs and incomplete contact plugs. It is extremely useful to detect the contact failures of non-annealed plug contacts with high impedance.
Dysregulated Expression ofebaf, a Novel Molecular Defect in the Endometria of Patients with Infertility1 (2000)

We recently described the expression of ebaf, a novel member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily in human endometrium. ebaf messenger ribonucleic acid was expressed in late secretory and menstrual endometria. Here, we show that ebaf is secreted as 42-, 34-, 28-, and 14-kDa proteins into the conditioned medium of transfected cells, endometrial fluid, and serum. The amount of secreted proteins was markedly reduced during the implantation window in the endometria and sera of normal fertile subjects. The expression of ebaf was dysregulated in the endometria of a subset of women with infertility during the receptive phase of the menstrual cycle. Abundant secreted protein was present in the endometria of these women during the implantation window. During the critical period of endometrial receptivity, ebaf protein was more abundant in patients with endometriosis who did not conceive than in patients who became pregnant. These findings show that ebaf is a secreted product and is released into body fluids. Some types of infertility are associated with dysregulated expression of ebaf in human endometrium, suggesting that a molecular defect in uterine receptivity may be identified using such a marker protein.
Light-induced picosecond rotational disordering of the inorganic sublattice in hybrid perovskites (2017)

Femtosecond resolution electron scattering techniques are applied to resolve the first atomic-scale steps following absorption of a photon in the prototypical hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead iodide. Following above-gap photoexcitation, we directly resolve the transfer of energy from hot carriers to the lattice by recording changes in the mean square atomic displacements on 10-ps time scales. Measurements of the time-dependent pair distribution function show an unexpected broadening of the iodine-iodine correlation function while preserving the Pb-I distance. This indicates the formation of a rotationally disordered halide octahedral structure developing on picosecond time scales. This work shows the important role of light-induced structural deformations within the inorganic sublattice in elucidating the unique optoelectronic functionality exhibited by hybrid perovskites and provides new understanding of hot carrier-lattice interactions, which fundamentally determine solar cell efficiencies.
From cookies to cooks (2013)

Nutrition is a key factor in people's overall health. Hence, understanding the nature and dynamics of population-wide dietary preferences over time and space can be valuable in public health. To date, studies have leveraged small samples of participants via food intake logs or treatment data. We propose a complementary source of population data on nutrition obtained via Web logs. Our main contribution is a spatiotemporal analysis of population-wide dietary preferences through the lens of logs gathered by a widely distributed Web-browser add-on, using the access volume of recipes that users seek via search as a proxy for actual food consumption. We discover that variation in dietary preferences as expressed via recipe access has two main periodic components, one yearly and the other weekly, and that there exist characteristic regional differences in terms of diet within the United States. In a second study, we identify users who show evidence of having made an acute decision to lose weight. We characterize the shifts in interests that they express in their search queries and focus on changes in their recipe queries in particular. Last, we correlate nutritional time series obtained from recipe queries with time-aligned data on hospital admissions, aimed at understanding how behavioral data captured in Web logs might be harnessed to identify potential relationships between diet and acute health problems. In this preliminary study, we focus on patterns of sodium identified in recipes over time and patterns of admission for congestive heart failure, a chronic illness that can be exacerbated by increases in sodium intake.
QUANTITATIVE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY/X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY OF THE LUMBAR SPINE AND PROXIMAL FEMUR IN PEDIATRIC RENAL DISEASE: EFFECT OF CYCLOSPORINE A (1989)

Lopez, A J M.S.; Selleck, L R.T.; Reznik, V M M.D.; Strauch, L R.N.; Sartoris, D J M.D.; Mazess, R Ph.D.; Stein, J A Ph.D.; Resnick, D M.D.
Common mode noise modeling and its suppression in ultra-high efficiency full bridge boost converter (2013)

In this paper, common mode noise modeling of low-voltage high-current isolated full bridge boost dc-dc converters intended for fuel cell application is presented. Due to the tightly coupled primary and secondary windings of the transformer, such converter has inherently large capacitive coupling between input and output which is normally associated with high common mode noise generation. In this work, common mode noise sources in the converter are identified, and a common mode noise model is developed. Based on the established noise model, a practical CM filter is designed to comply with the CISPR-A requirements. Finally, a 3kW dc-dc converter including filters has been built and tested to verify the theoretical model. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis of the converter.
The SUN Protein Mps3 Is Required for Spindle Pole Body Insertion into the Nuclear Membrane and Nuclear Envelope Homeostasis (2011)

The budding yeast spindle pole body (SPB) is anchored in the nuclear envelope so that it can simultaneously nucleate both nuclear and cytoplasmic microtubules. During SPB duplication, the newly formed SPB is inserted into the nuclear membrane. The mechanism of SPB insertion is poorly understood but likely involves the action of integral membrane proteins to mediate changes in the nuclear envelope itself, such as fusion of the inner and outer nuclear membranes. Analysis of the functional domains of the budding yeast SUN protein and SPB component Mps3 revealed that most regions are not essential for growth or SPB duplication under wild-type conditions. However, a novel dominant allele in the P-loop region, MPS3-G186K, displays defects in multiple steps in SPB duplication, including SPB insertion, indicating a previously unknown role for Mps3 in this step of SPB assembly. Characterization of the MPS3-G186K mutant by electron microscopy revealed severe over-proliferation of the inner nuclear membrane, which could be rescued by altering the characteristics of the nuclear envelope using both chemical and genetic methods. Lipid profiling revealed that cells lacking MPS3 contain abnormal amounts of certain types of polar and neutral lipids, and deletion or mutation of MPS3 can suppress growth defects associated with inhibition of sterol biosynthesis, suggesting that Mps3 directly affects lipid homeostasis. Therefore, we propose that Mps3 facilitates insertion of SPBs in the nuclear membrane by modulating nuclear envelope composition.
Supplementary Table 9 from Identification of Campath-1 (CD52) as Novel Drug Target in Neoplastic Stem Cells in 5q-Patients with MDS and AML (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 61K, Supplementary Table S9: Detection of del(5q) in sorted cells of MDS patients by FISH.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Flow and Wafer Rotation on the Metallization of Copper Interconnects (2014)

The miniaturization of semiconductor devices poses challenges to interconnect metallization. Transport limitations within the features, which affect primarily the distribution of the additives, have been studied extensively in the past, experimentally and analytically 1 - 3 . However, the effect of transport external to the small features (vias or trenches), has not previously been addressed. Such transport limitations, that are directly related to the external flow and the wafer rotation, will affect the concentration of the species diffusing into the feature and thus may have profound effect on the feature fill process. We analyze here the effects of the external flow field and the boundary layer on the additives surface coverage and the via fill process. Applying a computer based model, we analyze first the additives (suppressor, e.g., PEG, and anti-suppressor, e.g., SPS) distribution on a flat wafer. We determine the transient additives coverage on the surface and find, as expected, that the transport limited suppressor concentration increases with the rotation rate 4 . More significant is the analysis of the additives distribution on the sidewalls and the bottom of a via. We find that the transport and adsorption parameters applied in the model strongly affect the results. Applying commonly used parameters 1 - 3 and considering the external transport limitations leads to a significantly lower suppressor concentration at the via rim and upper sidewalls (as shown in Fig. 1) than had been previously predicted 2 . This will consequently lead to inadequate fill. However, when applying transport and adsorption parameters that have been recently determined by co-injection studies 4 we note that the external flow has a significantly lower impact on the additives concentration within the via. Accordingly, the simulated process, accounting for the flow effects follows more closely predictions which neglected to consider the external boundary layer (Fig. 2). Experimental data reported in the literature indicates similar trends to those predicted by the current analysis. References: R. Akolkar and U. Landau, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 151 , C702 (2004). R. Akolkar and U. Landau, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 156 , D351 (2009). J. Adolf and U. Landau, J. Electrochem. Soc., 158 , D469 (2011). L. Boehme and U. Landau, “Applying the Co-injection Test to Extract Difficult to Measure Process Parameters”, 226 th ECS Meeting, October 5-10, 2014, Cancun, Mexico.
Intrathymic injection of donor-specific X-irradiation-sensitive spleen cells abrogates accelerated rejection of cardiac allografts in sensitized rats. (1994)

LBNF1 cardiac allografts are rejected within 36 hr in Lewis (LEW) rats sensitized with Brown Norway (BN) skin grafts (acute rejection = 7.5 days). We analyzed the effects of intrathymic versus intravenous alloantigen challenge upon graft survival in this well-defined accelerated rejection model. Intrathymic injection of LBNF1 spleen cells (2 x 10(7)) at the time of skin transplantation (day -7) abrogated < 36 hr rejection, and prolonged the survival of cardiac allografts to about 11 days. This striking effect did not require concomitant immunosuppression, and was donor specific, as the transfer of syngeneic (LEW) or third-party (Wistar-Furth) splenocytes was ineffective. X-irradiation of donor spleen cells before inoculation restored accelerated rejection, whereas thymectomy at day -6 or 0 (the day of heart transplant) significantly shortened graft survival. In contrast, although intravenous administration of the same number of donor cells into sensitized recipients prolonged cardiac allograft survival to about 9 days, the effect was x-irradiation resistant and was never influenced by thymectomy. Radioactive tracer studies have revealed distinct trafficking patterns for the transferred cells, with those given intrathymically retained mostly in the thymus, and sequestered into host spleen and lymph nodes. Instead, intravenously injected splenocytes did not accumulate in the thymus, but were eventually trapped in the liver. Moreover, intrathymic immunomodulation has switched off cellular, rather than humoral, events at the graft site, and markedly depressed cell proliferative responses in host lymphoid organs, as analyzed by immunohistology and mixed lymphocyte response (MLR)* assay, respectively. In contrast, intravenous therapy did not have any significant effect on early intragraft cellular infiltration, including considerable neutrophil infiltration, and did not affect lymph node cell proliferation in vitro. These data document the importance of the thymus as a potential target organ for modulation of alloreactivity in vivo, and reinforce the role of distinct "central" and "peripheral" host immune mechanisms contributing to immunological unresponsiveness following organ transplantation.
The State-of-The Art Technology of Consumer Induction Heating Applied Power Appliances (2007)

In this paper, a phase shift PWM controlled full bridge-type series load resonant high-frequency inverter is presented for consumer electromagnetic induction heating applications. The bridge arm side link passive capacitive snubbers in parallel with each and AC load side linked active edge inductive snubber-assisted series load resonant soft switching inverter with a phase shifted PWM control scheme is evaluated and discussed on the basis of the simulation and experimental results. It is proved from a practical point of view that the series load resonant and edge resonant hybrid high-frequency inverter, including the variable-power variable-frequency regulation function can expand zero voltage soft switching commutation area even under low output power setting ranges. Furthermore, even in the lower output power regulation mode of this high-frequency load resonant tank inverter, it is verified that this inverter can achieve ZVS with the aid of the dual mode control single auxiliary inductor snubber and active edge resonant snubber in HFAC side.
The data furnace: heating up with cloud computing (2011)

In this paper, we argue that servers can be sent to homes and office buildings and used as a primary heat source. We call this approach the Data Furnace or DF. Data Furances have three advantages over traditional data centers: 1) a smaller carbon footprint 2) reduced total cost of ownership per server 3) closer proximity to the users. From the home owner's perspective, a DF is equivalent to a typical heating system: a metal cabinet is shipped to the home and added to the ductwork or hot water pipes. From a technical perspective, DFs create new opportunities for both lower cost and improved quality of service, if cloud computing applications can exploit the differences in the cost structure and resource profile between Data Furances and conventional data centers.
The 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake: Comparison of GPS and Strong-Motion Data (2013)

Near-field ground-motion data are available in semi-real time either from modern strong-motion or continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) networks, allowing robust solutions for earthquake source parameters, which are useful for rapid disaster assessment and early warning. These wide applications require the ground-motion data to cover a very broad frequency band that, however, is usually not available. This paper presents a case study on the 2011 M-w 9.0 Tohoku earthquake, showing how the ground-motion information from geodetic and seismic instrumentations is complementary, and suggesting the joint use of both types of data, particularly when the network coverage is sparse. First the strong-motion records from the two Japanese networks, K-NET and KiK-Net, are analyzed using an automatic empirical baseline correction tool. The static coseismic displacement data are obtained by double integration and then used to derive the permanent slip distribution on the earthquake fault. Comparisons with the corresponding GPS-based solutions yield a quantitative estimation of uncertainties of the empirical baseline correction. Furthermore, a dozen nearby GPS and strong-motion station pairs are selected to demonstrate that the information in their time series agrees with each other. Finally, methods for combining both types of ground-motion observation systems are discussed, and the wide applicability of this approach is highlighted.
Space division full-duplex scheme with joint scheduling and precoding design (2016)

In-band full-duplex, allowing simultaneous transmission and reception on the same device over the same frequency, can double the spectral efficiency theoretically. However, the severe self-interference challenges the physical layer design. Thus, to simplify the interference cancellation (IC), the space division full-duplex (SDFD) is considered, where two spatial-separated transmission points (TPs), e.g., base stations, simultaneously serve the same cell in downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), respectively. In this paper, assuming the TP has digital-domain IC capability only, we study the SDFD scheme in heterogeneous network, i.e., a small cell (named SDFD-cell) is served as SDFD via macro TP (MTP) in DL and small TP (STP) in UL. Due to the inter-TP interference, the capacity of SDFD-cell is restricted by the digital-domain IC. Moreover, SDFD degrades the performance of other non-SDFD-cells. Therefore, we propose a joint scheduling and precoding design algorithm. The scheduling scheme selects a user equipment (UE) pair in the SDFD-cell for DL and UL transmissions as proportional fairness metric. Then, an optimal precoder is designed for MTP to reduce the interference in both SDFD-cell and non-SDFD-cells. The simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the capacity of the SDFD-cell with limited capacity degradation in non-SDFD-cells.
Convergent, Fit-For-Purpose, Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of a 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (2012)

Process research and development of a synthetic route towards a novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor is described. The synthetic route provided 1 in 27% yield in nine steps (seven steps in the longest linear sequence) and was performed on kilogram scale. The synthesis began with the preparation of the coumarin core via an efficient von Pechmann condensation. The triazole fragment was obtained via a regioselective copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition between a chiral alkyne and the coumarin azide.