gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a single resonant charge in a silicon nanowire device (2008)

We investigate the time-dependent transport properties of two very asymmetric coupled quantum dots: a single resonant charge and an electrometer made of a gated silicon nanowire in the Coulomb blockade regime. The occupation probability of the charge trap is obtained by noise measurements. We observe the predicted smearing of the Coulomb peaks at the resonance, the back-action of the electrometer on the single charge as well as a relatively large dip in the charging energy of the whole system.
Seventeen‐inch laser backlight in‐plane switching liquid crystal display with 8K, 120‐Hz driving, and BT.2020 color gamut (2020)

Abstract We have developed a 17‐inch laser backlight in‐plane switching liquid crystal display satisfying the main BT.2020 specifications, which are 8K, 120‐Hz driving, and a BT.2020 wide color gamut. The color gamut of the developed in‐plane switching liquid crystal display covers 98% of the BT.2020 wide color gamut, thanks to a laser backlight and appropriate color filters. The liquid crystal response time of 5 ms, which is sufficient for 120‐Hz driving, is achieved by adapting a faster in‐plane switching liquid crystal display, namely, the short‐range lurch control in‐plane switching liquid crystal display.
Specific induction of 80-kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor shedding in T lymphocytes involves the cytoplasmic domain and phosphorylation. (1993)

The 80-kDa TNFR (TNFR80) expressed by activated human T cells is constitutively phosphorylated and undergoes limited proteolytic cleavage (shedding) at the cell surface releasing a 40-kDa soluble TNF-binding protein. Triggering of activated T cells through the TCR rapidly increased the rate of TNFR80 shedding > 20-fold more than nonstimulated cells, demonstrating that shedding is a specific, inducible process. The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine inhibited constitutive phosphorylation and blocked inducible shedding of TNFR80, suggesting that phosphorylation may be important for cleavage of the extracellular domain. However, a deletion mutation of the entire cytoplasmic domain of human TNFR80 was shed when expressed in murine L929 cells, albeit relatively poorly compared with full length receptor. This demonstrates that the cytoplasmic domain is important but not essential for cleavage of the extracellular domain of TNFR80. Moreover, a requirement for phosphorylation of proteins other than the receptor was revealed by the finding that staurosporine completely blocked cleavage of the cytoplasmic deletion mutant. Collectively, these results demonstrate that protein phosphorylation is essential and the cytoplasmic domain is important for regulating the inducible production of soluble TNF-binding proteins by activated effector T cells.
Profiling tools for hardware/software partitioning of embedded applications (2003)

Loops constitute the most executed segments of programs and therefore are the best candidates for hardware software partitioning. We present a set of profiling tools that are specifically dedicated to loop profiling and do support combined function and loop profiling. One tool relies on an instruction set simulator and can therefore be augmented with architecture and micro-architecture features simulation while the other is based on compile-time instrumentation of gcc and therefore has very little slow down compared to the original program We use the results of the profiling to identify the compute core in each benchmark and study the effect of compile-time optimization on the distribution of cores in a program. We also study the potential speedup that can be achieved using a configurable system on a chip, consisting of a CPU embedded on an FPGA, as an example application of these tools in hardware/software partitioning.
074 MATE 2 Survey: Men’s Perspectives Toward Aging and Their Partner’s Menopause (2020)

Men’s perceptions toward aging and about menopause are largely unexplored.
Distributed Power Control Mechanisms for HSDPA Femtocells (2009)

Femtocells are low-cost, miniature base-stations intended to improve indoor coverage in 3G networks and beyond. One of the main issues in adopting femtocells en masse is the surge in interference to the mobile users served by the macrocell arising from unplanned networks and private access. Therefore, distributed power control mechanisms for femtocells are essential to shield the existing users of the macrocell as well as to enable scalable femtocell deployments. This paper studies several such power control schemes that strike an effective balance between the throughput of the femto users and the degradation in macrocell performance.
Effect of Intramedullary Rod Diameter on a String of Pearls Plate‐Rod Construct in Mediolateral Bending: An In Vitro Mechanical Study (2015)

Biological osteosynthesis often relies on more compliant bridging constructs to promote beneficial micromotion at the fracture. Our study suggests use of a smaller diameter IMR (SOP-32) is comparable to a conventional plate-rod construct (LC-DCP-40). Should greater compliance be desired, an even smaller diameter IMR (SOP-24) may prove beneficial while as stable as an accepted bicortical construct (SOP-B).
Kinematic and Static Force Analysis of Rocker-Pin Jointed Silent Chains with Involute Sprockets (1994)

A quasi-static model has been developed for a silent (inverted-tooth) chain drive incorporating a rocker-pin-jointed chain and involute-toothed sprockets. The kinematic effects of rocker-pin clearances and link/sprocket engagement are modeled and the influence of various model parameters on the chain drive torque-ratio variation, due to chordal action, is examined. In some cases, this variation is found to be less than that for equivalent pin-jointed chain drives. Additionally, the center distances corresponding to the maximum and minimum torque variation are not fixed, as in the case of a pin-joined chain. An optimization method is used in determining the governing geometric constrains as multiple joint configurations can occur, given the rocker-pin joint clearances. The resulting system of equations is fully constrained for a physically consistent chain configuration.
Stability of antibody productivity is improved when hybridoma cells are entrapped in calcium alginate beads (1993)

Loss of monoclonal antibody (MAb) productivity in long-term, free-suspended cell culture is often attributed to the appearance of a nonproducing population of hybridoma cell (NP) in the culture which has a growth advantage over the producing population (P). However, when an NP appears in long-term culture of entrapped cells, it may not be able to take over the whole culture in a short period of time due to the limited growth of the entrapped cells. In order to examine the hypothesis that entrapped cells can have improved stability of MAb productivity due to limited cell growth, free-suspended cell culture and calcium alginate-entrapped cell culture with inocula consisting of a P and an NP were compared with regard to stability of MAb productivity in a repeated fed-batch culture. In free-suspended cell culture, the NP appeared to take over the whole culture within three batches, and thereby MAb production completely disappeared. In entrapped cell culture, an NP appeared to outgrow the P rapidly only during an exponential growth phase, resulting in a significant decrease in specific MAb productivity, q(MAb), from 11.58 microg/10(6) cell/day to 2.76 microg/10(6) cell/day. However, when the cell growth was limited in entrapped cell culture, the NP no longer outgrew the P rapidly, as indicated by the stable value of q(MAb). In addition, when the cells recovered from the alginate beads by citrate buffer treatment were subcultured in free-suspended cell culture, MAb production rapidly deteriorated and completely disappeared within two batches. Thus, the P present at a small fraction of viable cell concentration in the beginning of the free-suspended cell culture, which were previously entrapped in alginate beads, seemed to be outgrown rapidly by the NP. Taken together, the results obtained from these experiments support the hypothesis that the limited cell growth in entrapped cell culture, which keeps an NP from taking over the whole culture, is responsible, in part, for the improved stability of MAb productivity.
Muscle Strengths and Musculoskeletal Geometry of the Upper Limb (1979)

A survey of past literature has shown that there is a lack of reliable data for use in prediction of joint forces in the upper limb although this is desirable when developing joint replacements. Upper limb geometry has been analysed, leading to muscle moment arm data at the wrist and elbow. The variation of these moment arms during elbow flexion has also been examined. Analysis of the dimensions of muscles has enabled their relative strengths to be predicted, based on their ‘physiological cross-sections’. When used in conjuction with published emg data, this information will enable elbow and wrist joint forces to be estimated more realistically than has previously been possible.
A Numerical Investigation of Thermally Mediated Droplet Formation in a T-Junction (2009)

The present article presents a numerical investigation on the effect of thermal forcing for droplet formation in a T-junction. Thermal forcing, generated by a heater embedded into the channel wall, induces a non-uniform temperature field which results in the variation the fluids’ properties and affects the droplet formation process in a desirable manner. In the present article, droplet formation process is posed as an incompressible immiscible two-phase flow problem with the motion of the two-phases strongly coupled via the related interfacial conditions. It is governed by the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes and the energy equations. The interface is captured with a narrow-band particle level-set method. Solutions are obtained using a finite volume method on a staggered mesh. The numerical model is validated against droplet formation in a cross junction. With the formation of water droplet in oil within the squeezing formation regime as a case study, the physics underlying droplet formation process in a T-junction affected by a thermal forcing is investigated. The combined effect of variations in both viscosities and surface tension result in a larger droplet. It is believed that the behavior of fluids system under an imposed thermal forcing depends strongly on the characteristics of temperature dependent viscosities and surface tension.
Simultaneous realization of high-efficiency, low-drive voltage, and long lifetime TADF OLEDs by multifunctional hole-transporters (2020)

A smart high-triplet energy hole-transporter exhibits significant stability in the anion state realizing record-breaking highly efficient and long-living thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs).
Polyvinylidene Difluoride–Polyethyleneoxide Blends for Electrospun Separators in Li-Ion Batteries (2017)

Polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVdF) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO) are blended and electrospun in order to obtain membranes suitable as Li-ion battery separators. The separators are characterized, and their properties investigated and compared with those of PVdF and commercial separators. The PVdF-PEO based separators ensure increased conductivities, greater electrolyte uptake and higher porosities than commercial polyolefines, all factors that improve cell performance. They are also safer than PVdF separators thanks to lower shutdown temperature, even if their mechanical properties are not yet comparable with those of the latter.
The SMOS Mission: New Tool for Monitoring Key Elements ofthe Global Water Cycle (2010)

It is now well understood that data on soil moisture and sea surface salinity (SSS) are required to improve meteorological and climate predictions. These two quantities are not yet available globally or with adequate temporal or spatial sampling. It is recognized that a spaceborne L-band radiometer with a suitable antenna is the most promising way of fulfilling this gap. With these scientific objectives and technical solution at the heart of a proposed mission concept the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission as its second Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission. The development of the SMOS mission was led by ESA in collaboration with the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial (CDTI) in Spain. SMOS carries a single payload, an L-Band 2-D interferometric radiometer operating in the 1400-1427-MHz protected band . The instrument receives the radiation emitted from Earth's surface, which can then be related to the moisture content in the first few centimeters of soil over land, and to salinity in the surface waters of the oceans. SMOS will achieve an unprecedented maximum spatial resolution of 50 km at L-band over land (43 km on average over the field of view), providing multiangular dual polarized (or fully polarized) brightness temperatures over the globe. SMOS has a revisit time of less than 3 days so as to retrieve soil moisture and ocean salinity data, meeting the mission's science objectives. The caveat in relation to its sampling requirements is that SMOS will have a somewhat reduced sensitivity when compared to conventional radiometers. The SMOS satellite was launched successfully on November 2, 2009.
Engineering of acoustic metamaterials with application to MEMS BAW resonators (2011)

In this paper, we demonstrate the novel use of empty inclusions (i.e., “holes”) in bulk materials for engineering their acoustic properties (e.g., Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and mass density) in order to tune and achieve optimal acoustical performance/characteristics. Inclusions have been demonstrated before to produce phononic bandgaps for wave trapping. We focus on the propagation characteristics of the metamaterials brought into being by these inclusions. We implement patterns of holes with different sizes and distributions, to effectively scatter acoustic waves in bar-type bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators and to devise the desired resonator properties, e.g., the resonant frequency. The effective material properties (especially the acoustic longitudinal velocity) as extracted from measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical (simulated) values.
Correlates of protection, thresholds of protection, and immunobridging in SARS-CoV-2 infection (2022)

Abstract Several studies show neutralizing antibody levels are an important correlate of immune protection from COVID-19 and have estimated the relationship between neutralizing antibodies and protection. However, a number of these studies appear to yield quite different estimates of the level of neutralizing antibodies required for protection. Here we show that after normalization of antibody titers current studies converge on a consistent relationship between antibody levels and protection from COVID-19.
Rheological and morphological study of cocontinuous polymer blends during coarsening (2012)

One of the challenges in the study of cocontinuous blends is to relate their rheological behavior with their morphology. This is due to the inherent instability of cocontinuous structures. We have studied the morphological and rheological time evolution of cocontinuous blends with different interfacial tension and viscosity ratio during annealing. In general, the presence of an interface generates an extra contribution to the elastic modulus, G′int. We have found that both the initial value of G′int and its rate of evolution during coarsening are proportional to the ratio between interfacial tension and blend viscosity. We have related time evolution of the elastic modulus to that of the interfacial area via a simplification of Doi–Ohta model for the case of small amplitude oscillatory shear flow. This simplification is based on the experimental evidence that the degree of anisotropy generated during small amplitude oscillations is negligible [López-Barrón and Macosko, Langmuir 26, 14284–14293 (2010b)]. The simplification gives a linear relation between the characteristic size and time and an asymptotic decrease of the elastic modulus with a limit behavior at long times: G′|t→∞∝t−1. This behavior was observed on blends with low interfacial tension. However, blends with high interfacial tension underwent a transition toward a decrease in the rate of coarsening, which is accompanied by a slower decrease of the elastic modulus. Doi–Ohta model is not sensitive to this transition and fails in predicting the time evolution of the characteristic length and elasticity of high interfacial tension blends.
Interaction Between Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling and Temperature Influences Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Leak (2014)

Ca(2+) leak and temperature are normally inversely proportional, whereas NOS1 deficiency reverses this effect, increasing leak and elevating reactive oxygen species production because temperature increases. Reduced denitrosylation (GSNOR deficiency) eliminates the temperature dependence of leak. Thus, temperature regulates the balance between NO and reactive oxygen species which in turn has a major effect on SR Ca(2+).
Improved techniques for preparing eigenstates of fermionic Hamiltonians (2018)

Abstract Modeling low energy eigenstates of fermionic systems can provide insight into chemical reactions and material properties and is one of the most anticipated applications of quantum computing. We present three techniques for reducing the cost of preparing fermionic Hamiltonian eigenstates using phase estimation. First, we report a polylogarithmic-depth quantum algorithm for antisymmetrizing the initial states required for simulation of fermions in first quantization. This is an exponential improvement over the previous state-of-the-art. Next, we show how to reduce the overhead due to repeated state preparation in phase estimation when the goal is to prepare the ground state to high precision and one has knowledge of an upper bound on the ground state energy that is less than the excited state energy (often the case in quantum chemistry). Finally, we explain how one can perform the time evolution necessary for the phase estimation based preparation of Hamiltonian eigenstates with exactly zero error by using the recently introduced qubitization procedure.
Reducing Handover Outage for Autonomous Vehicles with LTE Hybrid Access (2018)

Autonomous vehicle applications require sub-100 ms message latency with a high success probability. While this will be supported by upcoming fifth generation networks, hybrid access technology using multiple LTE connections, may pave the way for the autonomous vehicle applications today. In current LTE networks, handovers often lead to long data interruption. Therefore, we study the handovers and the related data interruption, and how performance can be improved through hybrid access, using redundant transmissions over multiple connections. The study is based on drive tests, where four QualiPoc measurement smartphones are connected to different LTE networks simultaneously, performing synchronized ping latency measurements, and recording handover events. The results show that a handover event during a ping measurement, prolongs the average latency from 60-80 ms to more than 200 ms. However, the handovers do not occur simultaneously in the measured LTE networks. Therefore, hybrid access with two connections is shown to reduce the handover outage by a factor 60. Furthermore, the 99.9 %-tile latency is reduced 66 %, by using two simultaneous connections, as compared to the best single network measurement.
Comparison of the temporal release pattern of copeptin with conventional biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction (2011)

Copeptin has a distinct release pattern in patients with ST-elevation AMI, peaking within the first hour after symptom onset before conventional cardiac biomarkers and falling to normal ranges within the first day. Further studies are required to determine the exact role of copeptin in AMI suspects presenting within the first hours after symptom onset.
Probe Design for Compressive Sensing DNA Microarrays (2008)

Compressive sensing microarrays (CSM) are DNA-based sensors that operate using the principle of compressive sensing (CS). In contrast to conventional DNA microarrays, in which each genetic sensor is designed to respond to a single target, in a CSM each sensor responds to a group of targets. We study the problem of designing CS probes that simultaneously account for both the constraints from group testing theory and the biochemistry of probe-target DNA hybridization. Our results show that, in order to achieve accurate hybridization profiling, consensus probe sequences are required to have sequence homology of at least 80% with all targets to be detected. Furthermore, experiments show that out-of-equilibrium datasets are usually as accurate as those obtained from equilibrium conditions. Consequently, one can use CSMs in applications for which only short hybridization times are allowed.
Introduction of Zwitterionic Motifs into Bacterial Polysaccharides Generates TLR2 Agonists Able to Activate APCs (2007)

It was shown previously that bacterial polysaccharides (PS), which naturally contain both positive and negative charges, are able to activate T cells and APCs. However, the vast majority of bacterial PS are anionic and do not have these properties. In this study, we show that chemical introduction of positive charges into naturally anionic bacterial PS confers to the resulting zwitterionic PS (ZPS) the ability to activate pure human monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, as do natural bacterial ZPS. Cells are induced to up-regulate MHC class II and costimulatory molecules and to produce cytokines. In mixed monocyte-T cell cocultures, ZPS induce MHC II-dependent T cell proliferation and up-regulation of activation markers. These stimulatory qualities of ZPS disappear when the positive charge is chemically removed from the molecules and thus the zwitterionic motif is destroyed. The ability of natural and chemically derived ZPS to activate APCs can be blocked by anti-TLR2 mAbs, and TLR2 transfectants show reporter gene transcription upon incubation with ZPS. In conclusion, the generation of a zwitterionic motif in bacterial PS confers the ability to activate both APCs and T cells. This finding has important implications for the design of novel polysaccharide vaccines.
Enhancement of the Broadband Efficiency of a Class-J Power Amplifier With Varactor-based Dynamic Load Modulation (2017)

A broadband Class-J power amplifier (PA) with dynamic load modulation (DLM) is presented. It is theoretically shown that a PA with judicious variation of the load resistance and a purely reactive load modulation can maintain 70% drain efficiency over 73% fractional bandwidth and 8.5 dB dynamic range. The theory is verified by a demonstrator PA based on a gallium nitride (GaN) device and a varactor as the tuneable element. The load modulation shows good results from 1.7 GHz to 2.3 GHz and up to 50% of power added efficiency (PAE) is obtained. It is shown that the average PAE for a modulated signal with 7 dB peak-to-average ratio is improved by 15%.
From Visualization Center To Decision Center (2003)

The rapid growth in the use of large screen visualization technology and collaborative&lt;br&gt;environments within the E&amp;P industry—and the rewards that this technology brings—is&lt;br&gt;changing the way that many companies operate. Although advances in visualization are&lt;br&gt;an important aspect of this growth, more focus is now being given to the connection of&lt;br&gt;people with their data and work processes. This enables decision makers to monitor and&lt;br&gt;intervene in high-cost operations in real time, bringing the potential for dramatic cost&lt;br&gt;benefits to the organization.