gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometry-Independent Target-Based Camera Colorimetric Characterization (2013)

An accurate colorimetric characterization of digital still cameras (DSCs) is vital to any high-quality color-reproduction system. However, achieving a perfect relationship between DSC responses and input spectral radiance is not practically easy, even when they have a reasonable linear relationship. In this research, we investigated differences in capturing geometries as a source of nonlinearity in camera characterization workflows. This nonlinearity can be corrected using a physical model describing the spectrophotometric changes according to illumination/capturing geometries. We introduced a model based on the Saunderson equation as an approach to predict surface properties suitable for paint layers in different geometries. According to the results, the Saunderson surface correction successfully compensated for the dissimilarities among spectrophotometric and spectroradiometric measurements, regardless of the capturing and lighting geometries. The model was also used for characterizing digital still cameras using matte, semi-glossy and glossy color targets as training datasets. The Saunderson-based models improved the transformation matrix for different geometries compared to conventional methods. Also, the results confirmed the validity of a simpler derivation of the Saunderson surface correction based on linear matrix operations.
Green extraction of essential oils from Pistacia lentiscus resins: Encapsulation into Niosomes showed improved preferential cytotoxic and apoptotic effects against breast and ovarian cancer cells (2023)

The essential oils extracted from Pistacia lentiscus resins possess promising antiproliferative effects against ovarian and breast cancer cells because of their high content of bioactive compounds. However, PO has many drawbacks that hinder its application in breast cancer therapy, such as increased volatility, hydrophobicity, and limited bioavailability. In this study, niosomal formulation loaded with Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (PO) was formulated with improved stability and cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines. In this regard, PO was extracted from the resins of Chios mastic utilizing a green approach, hydrodistillation. Its chemical composition was analyzed using gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry. PO loaded-niosomes (PO/Ns) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. The prepared nanovesicles were spherical and had an average size of 230.3 ± 3.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.13 ± 0.03, and ζ potential (ZP) of −20.36 ± 4.89 mV. PO/Ns had high entrapment efficiency (EE) of 80.59 ± 3.37% and displayed a sustained release manner of PO (83.74 ± 3.34%) over 72 h. Moreover, the developed PO/Ns formulation exhibited outstanding stability in terms of size, PDI, ZP, and EE% when stored for 21 days. SRB assay showed that the IC50 values of PO against ovarian (Skov-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines improved from 57.04 to 69.1 μg/mL to 4.88 and 7.38 μg/mL, respectively, when encapsulated in niosomes (PO/Ns). Loading PO in niosomes (PO/Ns) increased its cytotoxicity by 10-folds against Skov-3 and MCF-7 cancer cells. On the other hand, the safety of both PO and PO/Ns was evident by a computed IC50 of >200 μg/mL against the normal breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A). PO/Ns showed enhanced apoptotic effects (combined early and late apoptosis) of 9-fold and 4-fold against Skov-3 and MCF-7 cells, respectively, as compared to unloaded PO treatment. Cell cycle analysis revealed that PO/Ns mainly targets the sub-G1 phase, where it traps the cells, providing further evidence for the induction of apoptosis in both SKOV-3 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to quantify the gene expression of pro-apoptotic markers as Bak and Bax, as well as the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 upon exposure to PO and PO/Ns treatments. Both PO and PO/Ns demonstrated a remarkable ability to upregulate Bak and Bax, and downregulate Bcl-2. As expected, the upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes and induction of mitochondrial death was significantly higher with PO/Ns than pure PO treatment among the two investigated cell lines (Skov-3 and MCF-7). Essential oils extracted from Pistacia lentiscus resins and encapsulated into niosomes showed significant cytotoxic and apoptotic effects against breast and ovarian cancer cells.
Metal–organic frameworks as semiconductors (2010)

The aim of the present feature article is to present the current evidence in support of considering some MOFs as semiconductors. While MOFs and zeolites share common structural properties derived from the microporous crystal structure, zeolites are insulating materials and most of the attempts to exploit them in optoelectronics have met with failure. In contrast, some MOFs may have interesting photochemical properties that derive from the fundamental event of charge separation in electrons and holes upon light absorption. Photoinduced charge separation is the hallmark of a semiconductor that can behave simultaneously as an oxidizing or reducing agent. Considering the novelty of this field, most of the available data about MOFs as semiconductor have been obtained from MOF-5, a case that is complicated due to its low structural stability. Therefore, we point out that further studies showing the semiconducting properties of other MOFs are still welcome. The purpose of this feature article is to trigger intense research in this area including the synthesis of semiconducting MOFs by design and development of applications.
Fluoride ion elimination-addition reactions. Synthesis of 2,2-difluoroethenyl phenyl selenide and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl phenyl selenide (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluoride ion elimination-addition reactions. Synthesis of 2,2-difluoroethenyl phenyl selenide and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl phenyl selenideAndrew E. FeiringCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 10, 1958–1961Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01298a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01298a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views468Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Observation of exceptional points in reconfigurable non-Hermitian vector-field holographic lattices (2016)

Recently, synthetic optical materials represented via non-Hermitian Hamiltonians have attracted significant attention because of their nonorthogonal eigensystems, enabling unidirectionality, nonreciprocity and unconventional beam dynamics. Such systems demand carefully configured complex optical potentials to create skewed vector spaces with a desired metric distortion. In this paper, we report optically generated non-Hermitian photonic lattices with versatile control of real and imaginary sub-lattices. In the proposed method, such lattices are generated by vector-field holographic interference of two elliptically polarized pump beams on azobenzene-doped polymer thin films. We experimentally observe violation of Friedel's law of diffraction, indicating the onset of complex lattice formation. We further create an exact parity-time symmetric lattice to demonstrate totally asymmetric diffraction at the spontaneous symmetry-breaking threshold, referred to as an exceptional point. On this basis, we provide the experimental demonstration of reconfigurable non-Hermitian photonic lattices in the optical domain and observe the purest exceptional point ever reported to date.
The Production of Fungible Fuels from Biomass via Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH2) (2010)

Integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion (IH2) is a new thermochemical conversion process which is being developed by the Gas Technology Institute (GTI) for direct conversion of biomass to fungible fuels. In IH2 a first stage hydropyrolysis step, carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere at 14-35 bar with a catalyst, is followed directly by an integrated hydroconversion step. These two integrated steps directly produce a fungible gasoline and diesel hydrocarbon product with less than 1% oxygen from a variety of biomass feeds including wood and lemna. The C1-C3 gases from the hydroconversion step are directed to a steam reformer where all the H2 required by the process is made and then recycled back to the hydropyrolysis step. The process is very energy efficient because the hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion are quite exothermic and produce the steam required for the steam driven compressors and all the process steps are run at almost the same pressure. Because fungible hydrocarbon fuels are directly produced and no outside hydrogen is required, the IH2 technological solves all of the problems which have been barriers to the commercial adoption of conventional fast pyrolysis of biomass and the subsequent transportation and upgrading of acidic, low energy content, highly oxygenated pyrolysis oils. Initial economic analysis shows that the IH2 process is an economically attractive process which has the potential to produce gasoline and diesel at very competitive prices. The IH2 process also offers the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by roughly 90% based on an initial LCA(life cycle analysis) study. The IH2 process is in an early stage of development and roughly 3 years from commercialization. Research supported by US-DOE Cooperative Agreement DE-EE0002873 with partners Criterion/CRI Inc, Cargill, Johnson Timber, Aquaflow, Blue Marble, NREL and MTU.
33.2: Investigation of the Fin‐Like TFT Structure in LTPS Devices (2005)

Abstract LTPS TFTs realized with 3D Fin‐like multiple‐channels exhibit better electrical characteristics than those of conventional planar TFTs, due to their novel structure and the higher film quality in their device channels obtained through an ELC (Exicmer Laser Crystallization) process. The processes developed to form high T Si /W Si ratio Si fins serve to provide a larger ELC process window without involving additional patterning steps.
Organic/inorganic hybrid materials-2004 : symposium held November 29-December 3, 2004, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (2005)

Interest in hybrid materials has accelerated recently, in particular because tailoring materials properties through organization of organic/inorganic composites at nanometer length scales is now an important focus for numerous diverse research domains. This book's objective here is to create a communal forum for researchers involved in all areas of organic/inorganic hybrid materials to share perspectives, to learn about leading-edge science and engineering occurring around the world, and to develop new ideas. The book is divided into focus areas that address synthesis and characterization methods, functional hybrid materials, hybrid materials influenced by biology, structured mesoporous materials and materials with multiscale organization. Topics include: methods of patterning hybrid materials; hybrid materials for photonic applications; mesoporous films and monoliths; biofunctional materials; layered hybrid materials; applications-oriented hybrid materials; hybrid materials for electronics, optoelectronics and semiconductor applications; methods of characterizing hybrid materials; and novel synthetic methods.
Understanding the Breadth of the Event Space: Learning from Logan (2016)

Event processing, analysis, and visualization are increasingly important, and common, problems as telemetry and log recording become ubiquitous. We are still learning about the space of ways to both query and see the results of sequential queries against event-logged data. In this paper, we discuss our Logan event exploration prototype, which is based on regular-expression queries and result histograms; we then discuss the many factors that vary between tools, domains, and datasets — tradeoffs of factors such as session size, cardinality of events, and the presence of event arguments.
SIMON 32/64 and 64/128 block cipher: Study of cross correlation and linear span attack immunity (2017)

Power and computing limitations hinder the ability of many devices to support stringent security protocols. Smart sensors, RFID tags, and wearable devices are typical examples of such devices. Lightweight cryptography is concerned with the design and implementation of cryptography algorithms in environments with limited computing and power resources. This paper presents a realization of a hardware efficient lightweight cryptography block cipher SIMON in C/C++ (SIMON 32/64 and 64/128). Analysis is performed in order to investigate its input/output cross correlation and among output sets. The proposed block cipher's immunity to linear span attacks is also investigated using the Berlekamp-Massy algorithm. It is concluded that the proposed block cipher is not immune to linear span attacks, as the analysis has shown a linear span for certain components to be less than N/2, with a profile of probability of 1/3 in 1 million iterations.
Anesthesia machine (2014)

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A low-noise Bi-CMOS linear image sensor with auto-focusing function (1989)

A bipolar imaging device consisting of a capacitor-loaded emitter follower circuit for a phototransistor has been implemented in a linear image sensor with two lines of 48-bit array for an autofocus camera system. The sensor, which has self-noise reduction and charge amplification capabilities, has demonstrated excellent performance, such as responsivity of 24 V/x-s, a wide dynamic range of 85.3 dB at a storage time of 10 ms and ambient temperature of 25 degrees C, a high S/N ratio of 27.6 dB at a faceplate light intensity of 1*10/sup -3/ lx, a storage time of 200 ms, an ambient temperature of 25 degrees C, and applicability in a range of light intensity from 1*10/sup -3/ to 1*10/sup 4/ lx.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Better through oxygen functionality? The benzophenone/dicyclohexylmethanol LOHC-system (2023)

The oxygen functionalized LOHC system benzophenone/dicyclohexylmethanol reveals new possibilities in the field of hydrogen transport and storage.
Longitudinal Analysis of Factor VIII Inhibitors in a Previously Untreated Mild Haemophilia A Patient with an Arg593→Cys Substitution (1999)

Recent studies suggest that certain missense mutations associated with mild to moderate haemophilia A predispose to inhibitor development. In this study, we present a longitudinal analysis of the epitope specificity of an inhibitor that developed in a mild haemophiliac with an Arg593-->Cys mutation. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed the presence of antibodies directed towards the light chain and A2 domain of factor VIII. Limited reactivity was observed with metabolically labelled C2 domain. Almost complete inhibitor neutralization was achieved upon addition of A2 domain. Binding of the inhibitor was not affected by the presence of the Arg593-->Cys substitution in the recombinant A2 fragment. Evaluation of the epitope specificity of anti-factor VIII antibodies in plasma samples obtained at different time-points of inhibitor development revealed initial development of a low titre inhibitor directed towards the A2 domain and factor VIII light chain. A second period of factor VIII replacement therapy resulted in a dramatic rise in factor VIII inhibitor titre, which maintained their original epitope specificity. Based on the results of this and previous studies (Fijnvandraat et al., 1997; Thompson et al., 1997) it is argued that inhibitor development in patients with the Arg593-->Cys mutation may proceed via a similar mechanism.
Serum Carnosinase-1 and Albuminuria Rather than theCNDP1Genotype Correlate with Urinary Carnosinase-1 in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2019)

These results confirm and extend previous findings on urinary CN-1 concentrations, suggesting that assessment of CN-1 in spot urine is as reliable as in 24 h urine and may indicate that urinary CN-1 in macroalbuminuric patients is primarily serum-derived and not locally produced.
Fabrication and Demonstration of a Pure Silica-Core Waveguide Utilizing a Density-Based Index Contrast (2011)

We report a novel approach for creating a dopant-free pure silica-core waveguide (PSCW) for chip-scale waveguides with the goal of reaching fiber-like losses on-chip. Stoichiometric silica films were used as both the cladding and core material for buried channel waveguides, with the required index contrast generated by a difference in physical density. The bulk densities of the thin-films were measured with X-Ray Reflectometry, and these density values were compared with the expected change in refractive index using the Lorentz-Lorenz (Clausius-Mosotti) relation. We found the difference in density of 5.29% to correspond with the difference in refractive index of 1.17%, and measured propagation losses of 2.119 to 2.660 dB/cm.
Fabrication of Single and Multi-Layer Fibrous Biomaterial Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (2008)

For regenerative medicine applications, we need to expand our understanding of the mechanisms by which nature assembles and functionalizes specialized complex tissues to form a complete organism. The first step towards this goal involves understanding the underlying complex mechanisms of highly organized behavior spanning not only diverse scientific fields, but also nano, micro and macro length-scales. For example, an engineered fibrous biomaterial scaffold possessing the hierarchal spatial properties of a native extracellular matrix (ECM) can serve as a building block upon which living cells are seeded for repair or regeneration. The hierarchical nature of ECM along with the inherent topological constraints of fiber diameter, fiber spacing, multi-layer configurations provide different pathways for living cells to adapt and conform to the surrounding environment. Our previously developed Spinneret based Tunable Engineered Parameters (STEP) technique to deposit biomaterial scaffolds in aligned configurations has been used for the first time to deposit single and multi-layer biological scaffolds of fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is a very well established tissue engineering scaffold material, as it improves cellular interactions and allows scaffold remodeling compared to synthetic polymers. Current state-of-the-art fiber deposition techniques lack the ability to fabricate scaffolds of desired fiber dimensions and orientations and in this study we present fabrication and aligned deposition of fibrinogen fiber arrays with diameters ranging from sub-200 nm to sub-microns and several millimeters in length. The fabricated scaffolds are then cultured with pluripotent mouse C2C12 cells for seven days and cells on the scaffolds are observed to elongate resembling myotube morphology along the fiber axis, spread along intersecting layers and fuse into bundles at the macroscale. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to deposit poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), Polystyrene (PS) biomaterial scaffolds of different diameters to investigate the effects of topological variations on cellular adhesion, proliferation and migration. Previous studies have indicated cells making right angle transitions upon encountering perpendicular double layer fibers and cellular motion is thwarted in the vicinity of diverging fibers. Current ongoing studies are aimed at determining the effects of fiber diameter and fiber spacing on mouse C2C12 cellular adhesion and migration, which are envisioned to aid in the design of future scaffolds for tissue engineering possessing appropriate material and geometrical properties.
Studies of the performance of the ATLAS detector using cosmic-ray muons (2011)

Muons from cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere provide a high-statistics source of particles that can be used to study the performance and calibration of the AT-LAS detector. Cosmic-ray muons can penetrate to the cavern and deposit energy in all detector subsystems. Such events have played an important role in the commissioning of the detector since the start of the installation phase in 2005 and were particularly important for understanding the detector performance in the time prior to the arrival of the first LHC beams. Global cosmic-ray runs were undertaken in both 2008 and 2009 and these data have been used through to the early phases of collision data-taking as a tool for calibration, alignment and detector monitoring. These large datasets have also been used for detector performance studies, including investigations that rely on the combined performance of different subsystems. This paper presents the results of performance studies related to combined tracking, lepton identification and the reconstruction of jets and missing transverse energy. Results are compared to expectations based on a cosmic-ray event generator and a full simulation of the detector response.
High spatial frequency structured light imaging negates absorption effects in fluorescence imaging (2014)

Fluorescence guided surgery is hampered by absorption and scatter, which confound interpretation of fluorescence. High-frequency fluorescence structured light imaging enables real-time model-independent absorption and scatter correction.
Effect of alpha alpha-Crosslinked Hemoglobin (alpha alpha HB) and Pyridoxylated Hemoglobin Polyoxyethylene Conjugate (PHP) Solutions on GI Regional Perfusion in Hemorrhagic Shock in a Swine Model (1997)

s Of Papers To Be Presented At The Joint Meeting Of The American Association For The Surgery Of Trauma (Fifty-Seventh Annual Meeting) And The Japanese Association For Acute Medicine; The Hilton Waikoloa Village, Waikoloa, Hawaii September 24-27, 1997
Potent and Selective Human Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition by Optimization of the 2-Aminopyridine-Based Scaffold with a Pyridine Linker (2016)

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. A major challenge in the design of nNOS inhibitors focuses on potency in humans and selectivity over other NOS isoforms. Here we report potent and selective human nNOS inhibitors based on the 2-aminopyridine scaffold with a central pyridine linker. Compound 14j, the most promising inhibitor in this study, exhibits excellent potency for rat nNOS (Ki = 16 nM) with 828-fold n/e and 118-fold n/i selectivity with a Ki value of 13 nM against human nNOS with 1761-fold human n/e selectivity. Compound 14j also displayed good metabolic stability in human liver microsomes, low plasma protein binding, and minimal binding to cytochromes P450 (CYPs), although it had little to no Caco-2 permeability.