gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interlaboratory Study (ILS) for F 548-01, The Standard Test Method for Intensity of Scratches on Aerospace Transparent Plastics (2003)

Abstract : The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) develops and publishes standardized test methods. Each test method requires a precision and bias statement so organizations that apply the method know its inherent reproducibility (between-laboratory variability) and repeatability (within-laboratory variability). Reproducibility and repeatability for this test method were determined by conducting an interlaboratory study (ILS) as outlined in ASTM E 691. This report, which conforms to the ILS reporting format required by ASTM, describes the study that was conducted for ASTM test standard F 548-01, Intensity of Scratches on Aerospace Transparent Plastics. Scratches exist on virtually all transparent plastic surfaces. Usually, cleaning procedures cause very fine scratches that are not visible when looking through the plastic. Visible scratches may be distracting to an observer looking through an aerospace transparent plastic. Therefore, a procedure to define scratches is useful. A visual comparison is made between a set of graded scratch standards (adjuncts) and a scratch on the plastic transparency to determine its relative intensity. A visual standard is used because it is not practical to measure the dimensions of the fine scratches.
Preparation of <001> Oriented PZT Thin Films and the Applications to Micro Piezoelectric Devices (2007)

Preparation of <001>oriented Pb(ZrTi)O3(PZT) thin films and their applications to the micro-piezoelectric devices were investigated. The <001>oriented PZT thin films, which have a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary, were deposited on Pt/MgO and Pt/Ti/Si substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering. Both of these thin films show the excellent piezoelectric properties without a poling treatment. The piezoelectric properties of the PZT thin films were examined on the micro fabricated cantilever structure. The PZT thin films on Pt/MgO have high piezoelectric coefficient d31=100×10-12m/V, extremely low εr=240, and remarkably high electromechanical coupling coefficient k31. The PZT thin films on Pt/Ti/Si have very high d31of 150×10-12m/V and εr=700. The PZT thin films on Pt/Ti/Si were applied to the angular rate sensors with a tuning fork type and the actuators of the ink-jet printer heads with 400 pressure chambers. These PZT thin films are suitable for the use in micro piezoelectric sensors and actuators.
Dendritic Cells: Directors of the Immune System Orchestra (1998)

Dendritic cells support the generation of not only lvmphokinesecreting helper T cells, but also effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes that subsequently migrate to the site of initial injury to eliminate virally infected cells or tumor cells.The capacity of activating naive T cells is not shared by other antigen-presenting cells.In addition to being involved in the initiation of immunity, DCalso appear to play an important role in the induction of immunological tolerance.In particular, thymic DC present endogenous selfpeptides to newly generated thymocytes, thereby allowing the deletion ofself-reactive T cells.These thymic DC may originate from a precursor cell that also gives rise to lymphocytes and natural killer cells and have thus been called lymphoid DC.There is also evidence for a DC role in the development of peripheral tolerance.Moreover, the immunoregulatory function of DC seems to also include B cells and natural killer cells.(jJ <? :> 17\ ~cytotoxic and ~'-!J helper Tcells peripheral tissues / ANTIGEN INFLAMED !!2f
Effect of Precursor Selection on the Photocatalytic Performance of Indium Oxide Nanomaterials for Gas-Phase CO2 Reduction (2016)

Nonstoichiometric indium oxide nanoparticles, In2O3–x(OH)y, have been shown to function as active photocatalysts for gas-phase CO2 reduction under simulated solar irradiation. Herein we demonstrate that the choice of starting material has a strong effect on the photocatalytic activity of indium oxide nanoparticles. We examine three indium oxide materials prepared via the thermal decomposition of either indium(III) hydroxide or indium(III) nitrate and correlate their stability and photocatalytic activity to the number and type of defect present in the material. Further, we use 13CO2 isotope-tracing experiments to clearly identify the origins of the observed carbon-containing products. Significantly, we find that the oxidizing nature of the precursor anion has a substantial impact on the defect formation within the sample. This study demonstrates the importance of surface defects in designing an active heterogeneous photocatalyst and provides valuable insight into key parameters for the precursor design, selection, and performance optimization of materials for gas-phase CO2 reduction.
Excimer Laser Crystallization of Amorphous Indium-Tin-Oxide and Its Application to Fine Patterning (1998)

Polycrystalline indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared at an ambient temperature by irradiation of amorphous (a-) ITO with KrF excimer laser pulses of ≥40 mJ/cm 2 /pulse. Electrical resistivity of the specimen at ∼300 K decreased from 5.9×10 -4 Ω·cm to 2.7×10 -4 Ω·cm upon laser crystallization. Irradiation of a-ITO thin films through a phase mask led to the formation of a periodic structure composed of a-ITO and crystalline (c-) ITO. The micropattern of c-ITO was successfully formed by the chemical etching of the irradiated specimens, utilizing the large differences in the chemical etching rate between crystallized and amorphous ITOs.
TNF-α and IL-1β Promote a Disintegrin-like and Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin Type I Motif-5-mediated Aggrecan Degradation through Syndecan-4 in Intervertebral Disc (2011)

Elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and a resultant increase in ADAMTS (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motifs) expression is seen during disc degeneration. However, if these pro-inflammatory cytokines control ADAMTS activity is not definitively known. The goal of the investigation was to study if TNF-α and IL-1β regulate syndecan-4 (SDC4) expression, and if SDC4 was responsible for promoting aggrecan degradation through controlling ADAMTS activity in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc. Cytokine treatment increased SDC4 expression and promoter activity. Use of inhibitor, SM7368 and co-transfections with IκBα, RelA/p50 showed that NF-κΒ regulated both basal and cytokine-dependent SDC4 transcription. SDC4 promoter harboring RelA binding site mutation was unresponsive to the cytokines. Moreover, cytokines failed to increase SDC4 promoter activity in RelA-null cells. Cytokines increased ADAMTS-4/5 expression and aggrecan degradation and promoted SDC4 interaction with ADAMTS-5. Treatment with heparinase-III and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (PNPX), an inhibitor of heparan sulfate synthesis and transfection with SDC4-shRNA partially blocked cytokine mediated aggrecan degradation. Analysis of human tissues showed increased aggrecan degradation with a concomitant increase in SDC4 and ADAMTS-5 protein expression with severity of disc disease. Likewise, SDC4, TNF-α, IL-1β, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5 mRNA expression increased in degenerate tissues. We conclude that in nucleus pulposus, TNF-α and IL-1β regulate SDC4 expression, which plays a key role in pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease by promoting aggrecan degradation by ADAMTS-5.
The application of negative imaginary arrangement decoupling potentials to reactive scattering: Conversion of a reactive scattering problem into a bound-type problem (1992)

In this work is presented a time-independent treatment of a reactive system employing negative imaginary decoupling potentials. We discuss two aspects: (a) we show how with the help of these potentials a reactive scattering problem is converted into a bound-type problem, and (b) we show that a reactive treatment can be carried out entirely in the products arrangement channel without the use of the reagents arrangement channel. By doing that we are able to obtain exact reactive state-to-state S matrix elements or transition probabilities.
ImagePairs: Realistic Super Resolution Dataset via Beam Splitter Camera Rig (2020)

Super Resolution is the problem of recovering a high-resolution image from a single or multiple low-resolution images of the same scene. It is an ill-posed problem since high frequency visual details of the scene are completely lost in low-resolution images. To overcome this, many machine learning approaches have been proposed aiming at training a model to recover the lost details in the new scenes. Such approaches include the recent successful effort in utilizing deep learning techniques to solve super resolution problem. As proven, data itself plays a significant role in the machine learning process especially deep learning approaches which are data hungry. Therefore, to solve the problem, the process of gathering data and its formation could be equally as vital as the machine learning technique used. Herein, we are proposing a new data acquisition technique for gathering real image data set which could be used as an input for super resolution, noise cancellation and quality enhancement techniques. We use a beam-splitter to capture the same scene by a low resolution camera and a high resolution camera. Since we also release the raw images, this large-scale dataset could be used for other tasks such as ISP generation. Unlike current small-scale dataset used for these tasks, our proposed dataset includes 11,421 pairs of low-resolution high-resolution images of diverse scenes. To our knowledge this is the most complete dataset for super resolution, ISP and image quality enhancement. The benchmarking result shows how the new dataset can be successfully used to significantly improve the quality of real-world image super resolution.
Definition of a minimal genes set for mature lymphoid blood diseases (2018)

High throughput sequencing is increasingly used in the diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasms, in order to establish the diagnosis, to precise the prognosis or to search for molecular target for therapy. In order to standardize the diagnostic procedure in France, the Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA) and the Groupe des biologistes moleculaires des hemopathies malignes (GBMHM) propose in this paper two consensual minimal gene panels that are relevant for B and T cell neoplams respectively. Les technologies de séquençage à haut débit du génome permettent de déterminer en routine diagnostique les anomalies moléculaires des hémopathies lymphoïdes matures, pour en tirer des informations diagnostiques, pronostiques et/ou théranostiques. Afin d’harmoniser les pratiques de séquençage de ces maladies en France, le groupe coopérateur français consacré aux lymphomes (LYSA) et le groupe des biologistes moléculaires des hémopathies malignes (GBMHM) ont élaboré deux panels consensuels minimaux de gènes pour les lymphomes B et pour les lymphomes T, qui sont présentés dans cet article.
Clonality of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Human Urinary Bladder Carcinoma (1997)

The immune system has been implicated in the control of bladder tumor growth. To evaluate the clonality of bladder tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) in vivo, we studied the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire in tumor biopsy specimens from 10 patients with transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Nine patients had a primary tumor, and one had a multifocal disease, consisting of two bladder tumors and three bilateral upper urinary tract sites of involvement. The following specimens from the nine patients with a primary tumor also were analyzed: a recurrent tumor from four patients, a metastatic lymph node from one patient, and peripheral blood from five patients. We used a high-resolution polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to determine CDR3 (complementarity-determining region 3) size lengths of TCR beta-chain transcripts. Oligoclonal T-cell expansion was identified in all specimens, with a larger number of expanded clones in the tumors than in peripheral blood. Expanded clones were identified in several beta-chain variable region (BV) subfamilies and varied from one patient to the next and also in different specimens from the same patient. However, a number of clones with the same VJ combination and the same CDR3 size were identified in a given patient (in specimens collected either simultaneously or at different times), suggesting homogeneity in the immunogenic environment. Clonal T-cell expansion in patients with bladder cancer may reflect prolonged exposure of T lymphocytes to tumor antigens. Our findings provide a basis for functional studies to elucidate T lymphocyte-bladder tumor cell interactions.
A Personalized Prediction Model for Outcomes after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2020)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) remains the only potentially curative option for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Mortality after HCT is high, with deaths related to relapse or transplant-related complications. Thus, identifying patients who may or may not benefit from HCT is clinically important. We identified 1514 patients with MDS enrolled in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Registry and had their peripheral blood samples sequenced for the presence of 129 commonly mutated genes in myeloid malignancies. A random survival forest algorithm was used to build the model, and the accuracy of the proposed model was assessed by concordance index. The median age of the entire cohort was 59 years. The most commonly mutated genes were ASXL1(20%), TP53 (19%), DNMT3A (15%), and TET2 (12%). The algorithm identified the following variables prior to HCT that impacted overall survival: age, TP53 mutations, absolute neutrophils count, cytogenetics per International Prognostic Scoring System-Revised, Karnofsky performance status, conditioning regimen, donor age, WBC count, hemoglobin, diagnosis of therapy-related MDS, peripheral blast percentage, mutations in RAS pathway, JAK2 mutation, number of mutations/sample, ZRSR2, and CUX1 mutations. Different variables impacted the risk of relapse post-transplant. The new model can provide survival probability at different time points that are specific (personalized) for a given patient based on the clinical and mutational variables that are listed above. The outcomes' probability at different time points may aid physicians and patients in their decision regarding HCT.
High-Performance Thin Film Transistor with Amorphous In2O3–SnO2–ZnO Channel Layer (2012)

We have developed a high-mobility and high-processability oxide semiconductor using amorphous In 2 O 3 –SnO 2 –ZnO (a-ITZO) as the channel material. An a-ITZO thin-film transistor (TFT) was fabricated by a back-channel-etch process. Its field effect mobility was more than 20 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and its subthreshold swing was 0.4 V s -1 , which makes it a promising candidate for next-generation TFTs.
Optical manipulation of single spins in diamond (2007)

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond typically have spin-conserving optical transitions, a feature which allows for optical detection of the long-lived electronic spin states through fluorescence detection. However, by applying stress to a sample it is possible to obtain spin-nonconserving transitions in which a single excited state couples to multiple ground states. Here we describe two-frequency optical spectroscopy on single nitrogen-vacancy centers in a high-purity diamond sample at low temperature. When stress is applied to the sample it is possible to observe coherent population trapping with a single center. By adjusting the stress it is possible to obtain a situation in which all of the transitions from the three ground sublevels to a common excited state are strongly allowed. These results show that all-optical spin manipulation is possible for this system, and we propose that that by coupling single centers to optical microcavities, a scalable quantum network could be realized for photonic quantum information processing.
Fragment-Based Whole Cell Screen Delivers Hits against M. tuberculosis and Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (2016)

Reactive multi-target ‘fragment drugs’ represent critical components of current tuberculosis regimens. These compounds, such as pyrazinamide, are old synthetic antimycobacterials that are activated inside Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and are smaller than the usual drug-like, single-target molecules. Based on the success of small ‘dirty’ drugs in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, we suggested previously that fragment-based whole cell screens should be introduced in our current antimycobacterial drug discovery efforts. Here, we carried out such a screen and characterized bactericidal activity, selectivity and spectrum of hits we obtained. A library of 1725 fragments was tested at a single concentration for growth inhibitory activity against M. bovis BCG as screening strain and 38 of 116 primary hits were confirmed in dose response analyses to be active against virulent M. tuberculosis. Bacterial kill experiments showed that most hits displayed bactericidal activity at their minimal inhibitory concentration. Cytotoxicity assays established that a large proportion of hits displayed a favorable selectivity index for mammalian cells. Importantly, one third of M. tuberculosis active fragments were also active against M. abscessus and M. avium, two emerging non-tuberculous mycobacterial pathogens, opening the opportunity to develop broad spectrum antimycobacterials. Activity determination against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as fungi (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans) showed only a small overlap indicating a generally narrow spectrum of these novel antimicrobial hits for mycobacteria. In conclusion, we carried out the first fragment-based whole cell screen against bacteria and identified a substantial number of hits with excellent physicochemical properties and dual activity against M. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial pathogens. These hits will now be evaluated in animal models of mycobacterial infection to determine whether any of them can be moved forward as a new antimycobacterial fragment drug candidate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of New Fused Bicyclic Compounds Containing P‐B‐S Linkages. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: surgical technique and review of the literature (2022)

Stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) is a promising option for the treatment of degenerative disease in patients. This novel technique avoids the stem-related complications associated with the traditional stemmed aTSA. Stemless aTSA offers additional benefits such as decreased operative time, preservation of bone stock, improved radiographic outcomes, and easier revision. Moreover, loading of the metaphyseal region rather than the diaphysial region with traditional stemmed implants can decrease stress shielding. When compared to stemmed-implants, stemless aTSA has demonstrated similar outcomes and complication rates. The purpose of this article is to analyze published outcomes and complications following the utilization of stemless aTSA. Additionally, key aspects of the surgical technique that may promote optimal results in stemless aTSA implantation are presented.
Thermostabilized Electrooptical Liquid Crystalline Systems with Induced Chiral Structure (1991)

Abstract Five ways of thermostabilization of the threshold field of cholesteric-nematic transition in systems with induced spiral structure are suggested and discussed.
Mucin gene expression in hypertrophic adenoids (2007)

The dominant mucin genes were MUC4, 3 and 5AC, while MUC1, 2, 5B and 7 were sparsely expressed and MUC6 was not expressed. Expression patterns were very different from those in the upper airways. Most samples expressed two membrane-bound mucins (MUC4 and 3) and one secretory mucin (MUC5AC).
Adaptive home surveillance system using HTTP streaming (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the use of HTTP streaming in home surveillance system. First, we propose a dynamic resource allocation framework among the cameras. Under a set of constraints, e.g. link bandwidth and delay, our resource allocation solution decides which video versions will be requested from which cameras in order to maximize the weighted sum of utility for all cameras. The optimization, which is performed at the client, is based on a utility model for each video stream that takes into account not only perceptual quality but also the delay of a video stream. Video content is obtained through HTTP request/response transaction between the client and the cameras. The experiment results show that the proposed method is able to effectively improve the overall utility while still supporting low end-to-end delay and good perceptual quality for important cameras.
Ontology-Based Supervised Concept Learning for the Biogeochemical Literature (2018)

Academic literature search is a vital step of every research project, especially in the face of the increasingly rapid growth of scientific knowledge. Semantic academic literature search is an approach to scientific article retrieval and ranking using concepts in an attempt to address well-known deficiencies of keyword-based search. The difficulty of semantic search, however, is that it requires significant knowledge engineering, often in the form of conceptual ontologies tailored to a particular scientific domain. It also requires non-trivial tuning, in the form of domain-specific term and concepts weights. As part of an ongoing project seeking to build a domain-specific semantic search system, we present an ontology-based supervised concept learning approach for the biogeochemical scientific literature. We first discuss the creation of a dataset of scientific articles in the biogeochemical domain annotated using the Environment Ontology (ENVO). Next we present a supervised machine learning classifier-a random decision forest-that uses a distinctive set of features to learn ENVO concepts and then label and index scientific articles at the sentence level. Finally, we evaluate our approach against two baseline methods, keyword-based and bag-of-words, achieving an overall performance of 0.76 F_1 measure, an improvement of approximately 50%.