gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Inhalation Injuries in U. S. Children (2020)

Inhalation injuries are the leading cause of mortality in fire related deaths in children, who because of their small and fragile airways have a greater risk of mortality than their adult counterparts. Direct injury to the lung parenchyma can be caused by a combination of heat and chemical damage, and their secondary effects. Diagnosis . Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is the current diagnostic standard when determining the presence and severity of an inhalation injury Chest CT (computed tomography) has been described as an adjunct to identifying parenchymal lung damage in inhalation injury patients. Management . The benefits of high tidal volume ventilation in this patient population include decreased ventilation days, decreased ARDS, and decreased atelectasis [The goals of medical therapy in patients with an inhalation injury are: 1) decrease bronchospasm, and 2) decrease airway edema. Bronchodilators are the mainstay of medical therapy for inhalation injuries. Chest physiotherapy including suctioning, coughing techniques, and early mobilization can be beneficial for patients with inhalation injuries. Summary . Most children who sustain a major burn injury survive. Although those who sustain an inhalation injury are at greater risk for morbidity and mortality, modern modes of airway management and ventilatory support generally result in good outcomes.
<title>High-order quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in semiconductor multilayers in reflection geometry</title> (2000)

We have consistently observed quasi-phase-matched second- and third-order second-harmonic generation in the reflection geometry from GaAs/AlAs multilayers. We have measured the second-harmonic pulse energies and polarizations for different pump polarizations, incident angles, and pulse energies.
Lithium-Directed Transformation of Amorphous Iridium (Oxy)hydroxides To Produce Active Water Oxidation Catalysts (2023)

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial to future energy systems based on water electrolysis. Iridium oxides are promising catalysts due to their resistance to corrosion under acidic and oxidizing conditions. Highly active iridium (oxy)hydroxides prepared using alkali metal bases transform into low activity rutile IrO<sub>2</sub> at elevated temperatures (>350 °C) during catalyst/electrode preparation. Depending on the residual amount of alkali metals, we now show that this transformation can result in <i>either</i> rutile IrO<sub>2</sub> or nano-crystalline Li-intercalated IrO<sub><i>x</i></sub>. While the transition to rutile results in poor activity, the Li-intercalated IrO<sub><i>x</i></sub> has comparative activity and improved stability when compared to the highly active amorphous material despite being treated at 500 °C. This highly active nanocrystalline form of lithium iridate could be more resistant to industrial procedures to produce PEM membranes and provide a route to stabilize the high populations of redox active sites of amorphous iridium (oxy)hydroxides.
Design of Gate Drive Power Supply with Air Core Transformer for High dv/dt Switching (2018)

The development of the medium voltage wide bandgap semiconductor SiC power devices has enabled several applications. To drive these power devices, gate drive power supplies with high galvanic isolation are required. Also, due to the very high dv/dt present at the switching of these devices, isolation transformers must have very low coupling capacitance to minimize the circulating currents. In this paper, an air core transformer with double galvanic isolation and multiple secondary windings has been presented for the gate drive power supply. These air core transformers have significant leakage inductances. To generate required voltages and efficient power delivery a full bridge based series-series compensated power supply has been designed. Issues related to air core transformer design and modeling, sizing of the compensation parameters for series-series compensation are addressed in this paper. Experimental verifications of the design implementation are presented.
Exploring Fine-Grained Fault Tolerance for Nanotechnology Devices With the Recursive NanoBox Processor Grid (2006)

Advanced molecular nanotechnology devices are predicted to have exceedingly high transient fault rates and large numbers of inherent device defects compared to conventional CMOS devices. We describe and evaluate the Recursive NanoBox Processor Grid as an application specific, fault-tolerant, parallel computing system designed for fabrication with unreliable nanotechnology devices. In this study we construct hardware description language models of a NanoBox Processor cell and evaluate the effectiveness of our recursive fault masking approach in the presence of random errors. Our analysis shows that complex circuits constructed with encoded lookup tables can operate correctly despite 2% of the nodes being in error. The circuits operate partially correct with up to 4% of the nodes being in error.
Differential effects of ponesimod, a selective S1P1receptor modulator, on blood-circulating human T cell subpopulations (2014)

Ponesimod, a novel selective sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor modulator in the development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, dose-dependently reduced lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood of healthy subjects. It rapidly and transiently reduced the number of circulating T and B cells, but not natural killer cells. T lymphocyte subsets exhibited differential sensitivities with a maximum decrease from baseline ranging from 67% to 89% following high doses. Naïve T cells were more sensitive than memory T cells. CD4(+) T cells were more sensitive than CD8(+) T cells or CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells. The differential effects on specialized T cell subsets may contribute to the immunomodulatory activity of ponesimod. The therapeutic potential of ponesimod has been recently shown in phase II studies of chronic plaque psoriasis and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Our data suggest that lymphocyte sequestration underlies the therapeutic potential of ponesimod in multiple autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Nanoporous Organosilicate Thin Films Prepared with Covalently Bonded Adamantylphenol Pore Generators (2005)

A new class of nanoporous organosilicate thin films with balanced mechanical and low dielectric properties has been designed and prepared using covalently bonded adamantylphenols as pore-generating (porogen) materials. The adamantylphenol groups were grafted or bridged to poly(methyl silsesquioxane) (PMSSQ) polymers through propyl linkers and the thermal decomposition of such porogens through the cleavage of covalent bonds during curing was confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, and GC-MS. One of the nanoporous thin films examined in this study contains nanopores, less than 10 nm, within the films with 18% porosity, as characterized by X-ray reflectivity, ellipsometry, and nitrogen sorption analysis. Elastic modulus of a nanoporous film measured by a nanoindenter was significantly increased to 5.5 GPa, while maintaining the dielectric constant of 2.3, which is due to the partial formation of silica structure by the decomposition of residual propenyl groups after the bond cleavage of porogens and also due to the enhanced cross-linking density in the case of bridge-PMSSQ.
Tolerance Envelopes of Planar Parametric Part Models (2004)

We present a framework for the systematic study of parametric variation in planar mechanical parts and for ef ciently computing approximations of their tolerance envelopes. Part features are speci ed by explicit functions de ning their position and shape as a function of parameters whose nominal values vary along tolerance intervals. Their tolerance envelopes model perfect form Least and Most Material Conditions (LMC/MMC). Tolerance envelopes are useful in many design tasks such as quantifying functional errors, identifying unexpected part collisions, and determining device assemblability. We derive geometric properties of the tolerance envelopes and describe four ef cient algorithms for computing rst-order linear approximations with increasing accuracy. Our experimental results on three realistic examples show that the implemented algorithms produce better results in terms of accuracy and running time than the commonly used Monte Carlo method.
Computational drug repositioning of atorvastatin for ulcerative colitis (2021)

These findings suggest that atorvastatin may serve as a novel therapeutic option for ameliorating disease in patients with UC. Importantly, we provide a systematic framework for integrating publicly available heterogeneous molecular data with clinical data at a large scale to repurpose existing FDA-approved drugs for a wide range of human diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONAL CHELATING DIPHOSPHINES CONTAINING THE BIS(2‐(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ETHYL)AMINO MOIETY AND THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS IN THE PREPARATION OF WATER‐SOLUBLE DIPHOSPHINE COMPLEXES OF TRANSITION METALS (1981)

Abstract Aus dem carcinogenen Bischlorethyl‐amin (Ia) entsteht das Bis‐phosphin (Ib), das mit zahlreichen gegenüber Aminen reaktiven Reagenzien in funktionelle Derivate übergeführt werden kann.
Review of IP multimedia subsystem (2011)

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) defines a network that has an all-IP core. This enables it to provide convergence across multimedia applications. Legacy networks like PSTN, PLMN are being rapidly phased out and an all-IP based flat network is close to realization. Nevertheless, legacy networks stil form an important part of Telecommunication domain. The IP Multimedia Subsystem supports such legacy networks and provides enhanced data and voice services based on an IP network. It has been conceived for telecom operators willing to provide advanced services on top of mobile and fixed networks. It aims to achieve the converged communications paradigm by merging the Internet and Telecommunication domains. IMS not only offers rich multimedia content along with voice and data services but also has provisions for service integration to provide a seamless and user-centric experience.
Determination of Hydrothermal Oxidation Reaction Heats by Experimental and Simulation Investigations (2000)

The purpose of this study is to develop a procedure for the prediction of oxidation reaction parameters. The primary aim will be the determination of reaction heats and kinetics for any oxided wastewater substance. This even includes unknown waste compositions. The strategy of the research is, first of all, to build an experimental nearly adiabatic reactor for the measurement of temperature profiles during the reaction. The second part is the numerical simulation of the process, where two procedures are proposed for the determination reaction heats and kinetic parameters. To validate the overall project, two model oxidations were used, namely, the oxidations of acetic acid and methanol by hydrogen peroxide. Results obtained for the modeled molecules are close to those of other researchers, which leads to the conclusion that the developed model works correctly and will be applicable as well for different waste compositions.
Microfabricated capillary electrophoresis chip and method for simultaneously detecting multiple redox labels (2023)

This invention relates to a microfabricated capillary electrophoresis chip for detecting multiple redox-active labels simultaneously using a matrix coding scheme and to a method of selectively labeling analytes for simultaneous electrochemical detection of multiple label-analyte conjugates after electrophoretic or chromatographic separation.
AAV8 Induces Tolerance in Murine Muscle as a Result of Poor APC Transduction, T Cell Exhaustion, and Minimal MHCI Upregulation on Target Cells (2013)

Following gene transfer of adeno-associated virus 2/8 (AAV2/8) to the muscle, C57BL/6 mice show long-term expression of a nuclear-targeted LacZ (nLacZ) transgene with minimal immune activation. Here, we show that pre-exposure to AAV2/8 can also induce tolerance to the more immunogenic AAV2/rh32.33 vector, preventing otherwise robust T-cell activation and allowing stable transgene expression. Depletion and adoptive transfer studies showed that a suppressive factor was not sufficient to account for AAV2/8-induced tolerance, whereas further characterization of the T-cell population showed upregulation of the exhaustion markers PD1, 2B4, and LAG3. Furthermore, systemic administration of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands at the time of AAV2/rh32.33-administration broke AAV2/8-induced tolerance, restoring T-cell activation and β-gal clearance. As such, AAV2/8 transduction appears to lack the inflammatory signals necessary to prime a functional cytotoxic T-cell response. Inadequate T-cell priming could be explained upstream by AAV2/8's poor transduction and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Immunohistochemical analysis indicates that AAV2/8 transduction also fails to upregulate major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) expression on the surface of myocytes, rendering transduced cells poor targets for T-cell-mediated destruction. Overall, AAV2/8-induced tolerance in the muscle is multifactorial, spanning from poor APC transduction and activation to the subsequent priming of functionally exhausted T-cells, while simultaneously avoiding upregulation of MHCI on potential targets.
Choosing the Optimal Monophasic and Biphasic Waveforms for Ventricular Defibrillation (1995)

The model predicts the optimal monophasic duration and the first phase of a biphasic waveform to within 1 msec as tau s varies from 1.5 to 6 msec: for tau s equal to 1.5 msec, the optimal monophasic waveform duration and the optimal first phase of a biphasic waveform is 2 msec, for tau s equal to 3.0 msec, the optimal duration is 3 msec, and for tau s equal to 6 msec, the optimal duration is 4 msec. For both monophasic and biphasic waveforms, optimal waveform duration shortens as the waveform time constant shortens.
Magnetic based graphene composites with steroidal diamine dimer as potential drug in hyperthermia cancer therapy (2020)

Abstract Hyperthermia is a non-invasive process of killing cells through heat, as cells go into apoptosis when heated in the range of 41 °C–47 °C. In this work, the biologically active 4-pregnen-3-one-20 β -carboxaldehyde (ketobisnoraldehyde) based steroidal diamine dimer (KPD) was chemically grafted on GO surface (GO-KPD) for the first time through an amidation reaction between amine groups of KPD and activated carboxylic acid sites of GO. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) were dispersed on the prepared nanocomposite surface to produce GO-KPD-Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite with superparamagnetic property. To study the structural effect of KPD, 1,4 diamonobutane (Putrescine) was also grafted chemically on GO via amidation reaction. Successful functionalization of GO surface was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of the functionalized GO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, a cytotoxicity test on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (CMF-7) human breast cancer cell line was conducted. The data suggest that the prepared nanocomposite (GO-KPD-Fe 3 O 4 ) has a cytotoxic potential against the MCF-7 cell line, thus it could be investigated as potential drug in hyperthermia cancer therapy.
Lack of mutations in the gene coding for the hGR (NR3C1) in a pediatric patient with ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma, absence of stigmata of Cushing's syndrome and unusual histologic features (2012)

We present the case of a pediatric patient with an ACTH-producing tumor but little evidence of CS. No mutations in the coding sequence of NR3C1 were detected. We conclude that low level somatic mosaicism for NR3C1 mutations or a mutation in another molecule participating in hGRalpha-signaling may account for this case.
Sticky Architecture: Encoding Pressure Sensitive Adhesion in Polymer Networks (2023)

Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are ubiquitous materials within a spectrum that span from office supplies to biomedical devices. Currently, the ability of PSAs to meet the needs of these diverse applications relies on trial-and-error mixing of assorted chemicals and polymers, which inherently entails property imprecision and variance over time due to component migration and leaching. Herein, we develop a precise additive-free PSA design platform that predictably leverages polymer network architecture to empower comprehensive control over adhesive performance. Utilizing the chemical universality of brush-like elastomers, we encode work of adhesion ranging 5 orders of magnitude with a single polymer chemistry by coordinating brush architectural parameters-side chain length and grafting density. Lessons from this design-by-architecture approach are essential for future implementation of AI machinery in molecular engineering of both cured and thermoplastic PSAs incorporated into everyday use.
Reversal of Diastereoselection in the Addition of Grignard Reagents to Chiral 2‐Pyridyl tert‐Butyl (Ellman) Sulfinimines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Short Hydrogen Bonds on Reconstructed Nanocrystal Surface Enhance Oxygen Evolution Activity (2017)

Water splitting to generate hydrogen and oxygen gas is critical to renewable energy technologies, including fuel cells and rechargeable metal–air batteries. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has long been the bottleneck of water splitting because of its high overpotential (η) and sluggish kinetics, and development of efficient, stable, and non-noble-metal-based OER catalysts has been an extensively studied topic. Here, we propose short hydrogen bonds on reconstructed nanocrystal surface to enhance oxygen evolution activity by investigating three types of phase structures (βII, βI, and γ0) of Li2CoSiO4 (LCS) nanoparticles as OER electrocatalysts. Among them, the βII-LCS outperforms the previously reported Co-based catalysts and the state-of-the-art IrO2 catalyst for OER in the alkaline condition. Our experiments combined with ab initio calculations indicated that due to the line-linked arrangement of Co active sites at the surface of βII-LCS, short hydrogen bonds (2.54 Å) are formed and linked into a network at the reconstructed surface by rotating the flexible CoO4 tetrahedra after surface delithiation, thus facilitating proton transfer and dissociation, leading to a unique dual-center catalytic pathway with low theoretical thermodynamic overpotential (0.35 eV) for the OER process.
Compression of µJ-level pulses from 250 fs to sub-10 fs at 38 MHz repetition rate using two gas-filled hollow-core kagomé-PCF stages (2014)

Compression of thin-disk oscillator µJ-level pulses from 250 fs to sub-10 fs using a two-stage gas-filled hollow-core kagomé-PCF setup is demonstrated with 18 W average output power. Further compression to sub-5 fs is predicted.
Supplementary Figure 3J from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3J from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus
Polymer-iodine inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus. (1996)

The polyurethane polymer provided a sustained release of iodine that effectively inactivated HIV. The coating may be applied at the time of manufacturing to specific hospital and laboratory items that are to come in contact with blood from patient-contaminated fluids. This technology is attractive for decontamination, especially in situations where appropriate and rapid disposal of medical waste is not readily available. Further research is in progress to speed the release of the iodine from the polymer and the subsequent inactivation of the virus.
Treatment of non-biodegradable wastewater by electro-Fenton method (2004)

A novel electro-Fenton method, called the Fered-Fenton method, applying H2O2 and electrogenerated ferrous ions for treating organic-containing wastewater was investigated. By combining electrochemical reduction and chemical oxidation, the process can regenerate ferrous ions and remove organic compounds simultaneously in a batch reactor. Because the generation rate of ferrous ions is one of the key parameters in evaluating the oxidation efficiency of the reaction system, the initial current efficiencies (eta(i)) for iron (III) reduction are examined first. It shows that increasing initial ferric ion concentration can achieve high initial current efficiency. In addition, eta(i) decreased (ca. 20-100%) with increasing current density of cathode (ca. 40-199 A/m2). For illustration, the wastewater from chemical (i.e. electroless) nickel plating was treated in this investigation owing to its non-biodegradability and high organic concentration. The average pH, COD and Ni concentrations of this wastewater were about 5.0, 30,000 and 2,000 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results indicate that traditional Fenton method only removed 60% of COD when using 5,000 mg/L of ferrous ions. However, the COD removal efficiency was promoted after the electricity was introduced into the system (i.e. Fered-Fenton method). Moreover, Ni concentration was reduced from 2,080 to 0.3 mg/L, indicating that the removal efficiency was higher than 99.9%.
Gain and absorption characteristics of bilayer quantum dot lasers beyond 1.3 μm (2011)

In this paper we report on the multi-section gain and absorption analysis of strain engineered molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown GaAs and InGaAs capped bilayers. The InGaAs capped bilayer quantum dot (QD) lasers extends the room temperature lasing wavelength to 1.45 &mu;m. The spectral measurement of gain demonstrates that net modal gain is achieved beyond 1.5 &#956;m at room temperature. Analysis of the temperature and current density dependence gain characteristics of a GaAs capped bilayer sample indicate that the temperature sensitivity of threshold current around room temperature is due to phonon assisted thermal escape of carriers from the QDs.
Adenylyl Cyclase α and cAMP Signaling Mediate Plasmodium Sporozoite Apical Regulated Exocytosis and Hepatocyte Infection (2008)

Malaria starts with the infection of the liver of the host by Plasmodium sporozoites, the parasite form transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Sporozoites migrate through several hepatocytes by breaching their plasma membranes before finally infecting one with the formation of an internalization vacuole. Migration through host cells induces apical regulated exocytosis in sporozoites. Here we show that apical regulated exocytosis is induced by increases in cAMP in sporozoites of rodent (P. yoelii and P. berghei) and human (P. falciparum) Plasmodium species. We have generated P. berghei parasites deficient in adenylyl cyclase alpha (ACalpha), a gene containing regions with high homology to adenylyl cyclases. PbACalpha-deficient sporozoites do not exocytose in response to migration through host cells and present more than 50% impaired hepatocyte infectivity in vivo. These effects are specific to ACalpha, as re-introduction of ACalpha in deficient parasites resulted in complete recovery of exocytosis and infection. Our findings indicate that ACalpha and increases in cAMP levels are required for sporozoite apical regulated exocytosis, which is involved in sporozoite infection of hepatocytes.