gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards a Dataset for Human Computer Communication via Grounded Language Acquisition (2016)

The Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics fields have made significant progress towards developing robust component technologies (speech recognition/synthesis, machine translation, image recognition); advanced inference mechanisms that accommodate uncertainty and noise; and autonomous driving systems that operate seamlessly on our roads. In spite of this, we do not yet know how to talk to the machines we build or have them speak to us in natural language; how to make them smarter via simple, natural language instructions; how to understand what they are about to do; or how to work with them collaboratively towards accomplishing some joint goal. In this paper, we discuss our work towards building a dataset that enables an empirical approach to studying the relation between natural language, actions, and plans; and introduce a problem formulation that allows us to take meaningful steps towards addressing the open problems listed above.
Next Generation eWLB (Embedded Wafer Level BGA): Advanced 3D SiP Packaging Solution (2012)

Current and future demands of mobile/portable electronic systems in terms of performance, power consumption, reliable system at a reasonable price are met by developing advanced/appropriate silicon process technology, innovative packaging solutions with use of chip-package-system co-design, low cost materials, advanced assembly and reliable interconnect technologies. In this article packaging evolution for hand held application is discussed with special focus on next generation chip embedding technology called eWLB in detail. To meet the above said challenges eWLB was developed which offers additional space for routing higher I/O chips on top of Silicon chip area which is not possible in conventional WLP or WLB. It also offers comparatively better electrical, thermal and reliability performance at reduced cost with possibility to address more Moore [decreasing technology nodes with low-k dielectrics in SoC] and more than Moore [heterogeneous integration of chips with different wafer technology as SiP solution in multi die or 3D eWLB approaches]. Currently 1st generation eWLB technology is available in the industry with 200mm and 300mm carrier size. This paper will highlight some of the recent advancements in progress development and mechnical characterization in component level and board level reliaiblity of next generation eWLB technologies of double-side 3D eWLB. Standard JEDEC tests were carried out to investigate component level reliability and both destructive/non-destructive analysis was performed to investigate potential structural defects. Daisychain Test vehicles were prepared and also tested for drop and TcoB (Temperature on Board) reliaiblity in industry standard test conditions. There was significant improvement of characteristic lifetime with thined eWLB in TcoB performance because of its enhanced flexibility of package. And there was study of board level reliabiilty with underfill in SMT for large size eWLB packages. This paper will also present study of package warpage behavior with temperature profile as well as failure analysis with microsturctural observation for comprehensive understanding of mechanical behavior of next generation eWLBs.
A tuple space for social networking on mobile phones (2010)

Social networking is increasingly becoming a popular means of communication for online users. The trend is also true for offline scenarios where people use their mobile phones to network with nearby buddies. In this paper, we propose a distributed tuple space for social networking on ad hoc networks. We describe the tuple space model and its operations, and give evidence of its advantages for ad hoc social networking through several applications.
Efficient, Semitransparent Neutral-Colored Solar Cells Based on Microstructured Formamidinium Lead Trihalide Perovskite (2014)

Efficient, neutral-colored semitransparent solar cells are of commercial interest for incorporation into the windows and surfaces of buildings and automobiles. Here, we report on semitransparent perovskite solar cells that are both efficient and neutral-colored, even in full working devices. Using the microstructured architecture previously developed, we achieve higher efficiencies by replacing methylammonium lead iodide perovskite with formamidinium lead iodide. Current-voltage hysteresis is also much reduced. Furthermore, we apply a novel transparent cathode to the devices, enabling us to fabricate neutral-colored semitransparent full solar cells for the first time. Such devices demonstrate over 5% power conversion efficiency for average visible transparencies of almost 30%, retaining impressive color-neutrality. This makes these devices the best-performing single-junction neutral-colored semitransparent solar cells to date. These microstructured perovskite solar cells are shown to have a significant advantage over silicon solar cells in terms of performance at high incident angles of sunlight, making them ideal for building integration.
Detection of malignant mesothelioma using nuclear structure of mesothelial cells in effusion cytology specimens (2015)

Mesothelioma is a form of cancer generally caused from previous exposure to asbestos. Although it was considered a rare neoplasm in the past, its incidence is increasing worldwide due to extensive use of asbestos. In the current practice of medicine, the gold standard for diagnosing mesothelioma is through a pleural biopsy with subsequent histologic examination of the tissue. The diagnostic tissue should demonstrate the invasion by the tumor and is obtained through thoracoscopy or open thoracotomy, both being highly invasive surgical operations. On the other hand, thoracocentesis, which is removal of effusion fluid from the pleural space, is a far less invasive procedure that can provide material for cytological examination. In this study, we aim at detecting and classifying malignant mesothelioma based on the nuclear chromatin distribution from digital images of mesothelial cells in effusion cytology specimens. Accordingly, a computerized method is developed to determine whether a set of nuclei belonging to a patient is benign or malignant. The quantification of chromatin distribution is performed by using the optimal transport-based linear embedding for segmented nuclei in combination with the modified Fisher discriminant analysis. Classification is then performed through a k-nearest neighborhood approach and a basic voting strategy. Our experiments on 34 different human cases result in 100% accurate predictions computed with blind cross validation. Experimental comparisons also show that the new method can significantly outperform standard numerical feature-type methods in terms of agreement with the clinical diagnosis gold standard. According to our results, we conclude that nuclear structure of mesothelial cells alone may contain enough information to separate malignant mesothelioma from benign mesothelial proliferations.
Steviamine, a new class of indolizidine alkaloid [(1R,2S,3R,5R,8aR)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyloctahydroindolizine-1,2-diol hydrobromide] (2009)

X-ray crystallographic analysis of the title hydro-bromide salt, C(10)H(20)N(+)·Br(-), of (1R,2S,3R,5R,8aR)-3-hydroxy-meth-yl-5-methyl-octa-hydro-indolizine-1,2-diol defines the absolute and relative stereochemistry at the five chiral centres in steviamine, a new class of polyhydroxy-lated indolizidine alkaloid isolated from Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae) leaves. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯Br and N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming double chains around the twofold screw axes along the b-axis direction. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O inter-actions occur.
Front Matter: Volume 7679 (2010)

Battlefield sensing is a complex, crucial tool that allows the soldier to sense/detect potential threats in order to maintain a safe environment. Its technological development is typically driven by a myriad of field requirements. A variety of chemical sensing technologies currently exist, and there are also many prospects for the development of new, revolutionary technologies.
Estimating rates of rare events at multiple resolutions (2007)

We consider the problem of estimating occurrence rates of rare eventsfor extremely sparse data, using pre-existing hierarchies to perform inference at multiple resolutions. In particular, we focus on the problem of estimating click rates for (webpage, advertisement) pairs (called impressions) where both the pages and the ads are classified into hierarchies that capture broad contextual information at different levels of granularity. Typically the click rates are low and the coverage of the hierarchies is sparse. To overcome these difficulties we devise a sampling method whereby we analyze aspecially chosen sample of pages in the training set, and then estimate click rates using a two-stage model. The first stage imputes the number of (webpage, ad) pairs at all resolutions of the hierarchy to adjust for the sampling bias. The second stage estimates clickrates at all resolutions after incorporating correlations among sibling nodes through a tree-structured Markov model. Both models are scalable and suited to large scale data mining applications. On a real-world dataset consisting of 1/2 billion impressions, we demonstrate that even with 95% negative (non-clicked) events in the training set, our method can effectively discriminate extremely rare events in terms of their click propensity.
Experiment and Control Model Research on Ambient Temperature of Pig House Based on Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (2013)

The ambient temperature of pig house is one of the most influential environmental factors for pig’s life. It is necessary guarantee to provide appropriate ambient temperature by regulating real-timely. According to the multi-variable and nonlinear characteristic of microclimate environment for pig house, this paper proposed the ANFIS adaptive neural fuzzy control model to control the ambient temperature real-timely for pig house based on T-S model. The experience obtained that the output and test RMS error can reached 0:43 10 −3 and 0:19 10 −2 respectively, which show clearly the established ANFIS control model meet the actual demand for temperature control, then it can offered theoretical basis in engineering application.
Ring-Closing Alkyne Metathesis in the Synthesis of Alkyne-Linked Glycoamino Acids (2007)

Synthesis of alkyne-linked glycoamino acids via ring-closing alkyne metathesis is investigated. Two different strategies are described to attach alkynylamino acids to an alkynyl sugar, either via a linker at O-4 or at O-9 of the alkynyl sugar. Ring-closing alkyne metathesis of the O-4 linked diynes failed to proceed, but alkyne-linked glycoamino acids of different chain length were effectively synthesized via attachment at O-9.
Fe structural and magnetic phases in Fe/Ni 81 Fe 19 (001) multilayers (1997)

The structure of epitaxially sputtered single-crystalline Fe/Ni81Fe19(001) multilayers was studied using X-ray diffraction. As the thickness of the Fe layers is increased the structure of the Fe layers changes from vertically expanded fcc (001) to relaxed fcc (001), and finally, to bcc (011), thus identically replicating the structural behavior found in thin Fe films on Cu(001) single crystals. Corresponding to the structural transitions of the Fe layers are changes in the magnetic properties. The relaxed fcc phase contains non-magnetic Fe, which can lead to antiferromagnetic coupling of the Ni81Fe19 layers across the Fe layers.
Direct Observation of a Sulfonyl Azide Excited State and Its Decay Processes by Ultrafast Time-Resolved IR Spectroscopy (2012)

The photochemistry of 2-naphthylsulfonyl azide (2-NpSO(2)N(3)) was studied by femtosecond time-resolved infrared (TR-IR) spectroscopy and with quantum chemical calculations. Photolysis of 2-NpSO(2)N(3) with 330 nm light promotes 2-NpSO(2)N(3) to its S(1) state. The S(1) excited state has a prominent azide vibrational band. This is the first direct observation of the S(1) state of a sulfonyl azide, and this vibrational feature allows a mechanistic study of its decay processes. The S(1) state decays to produce the singlet nitrene. Evidence for the formation of the pseudo-Curtius rearrangement product (2-NpNSO(2)) was inconclusive. The singlet sulfonylnitrene (1)(2-NpSO(2)N) is a short-lived species (τ ≈ 700 ± 300 ps in CCl(4)) that decays to the lower-energy and longer-lived triplet nitrene (3)(2-NpSO(2)N). Internal conversion of the S(1) excited state to the ground state S(0) is an efficient deactivation process. Intersystem crossing of the S(1) excited state to the azide triplet state contributes only modestly to deactivation of the S(1) state of 2-NpSO(2)N(3).
High efficiency organic photovoltaic cells employing hybridized mixed-planar heterojunctions (2023)

A device is provided, having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoactive region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The photoactive region includes a first photoactive organic layer that is a mixture of an organic acceptor material and an organic donor material, wherein the first photoactive organic layer has a thickness not greater than 0.8 characteristic charge transport lengths; a second photoactive organic layer in direct contact with the first organic layer, wherein the second photoactive organic layer is an unmixed layer of the organic acceptor material of the first photoactive organic layer, and the second photoactive organic layer has a thickness not less than about 0.1 optical absorption lengths; and a third photoactive organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and in direct contact with the first photoactive organic layer. The third photoactive organic layer is an unmixed layer of the organic donor layer of the first photoactive organic layer and has a thickness not less than about 0.1 optical absorption lengths.
ChemInform Abstract: Incorporating ECE‐Pincer Metal Complexes as Functional Building Blocks in Semisynthetic Metalloenzymes, Supramolecular Polypeptide Hybrids, Tamoxifen Derivatives, Biomarkers and Sensors (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Virtualisierung von Organisationen. Synthesis of highly specific Nanoparticles in the gas phase (2012)

Die Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Künste ist eine Vereinigung der führenden Forscherinnen und Forscher des Landes. Sie wurde 1970 als Nachfolgeeinrichtung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen gegründet. Die Akademie ist in drei wissenschaftliche Klassen für Geisteswissenschaften, für Naturwissenschaften und Medizin sowie für Ingenieur- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften und in eine Klasse der Künste gegliedert. Mit Publikationen zu den wissenschaftlichen Vorträgen in den Klassensitzungen, zu öffentlichen Veranstaltungen und Symposien will die Akademie die Fach- und allgemeine Öffentlichkeit über die Arbeiten der Akademie und ihrer Forschungsstellen informieren.
FY17 Report Summaries of Five Completed Center Innovation Fund (CIF) Projects for the Highlights/Abstract Section of the FY 2018 CIF Annual Report (2018)

The Center Innovation Fund Annual Report for FY18 is an annual report for Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) Leadership, STMD Principle Technologists, and Center Innovation Fund Management. Attached is the Highlights/Abstract section of this annual report, which is the only section to be shared outside of NASA. Contributors were asked not to include any SBU information for these report summaries.
Estrogen alters thresholds for B cell apoptosis and activation (2002)

Estrogen is thought to contribute to the increased frequency of autoimmune disorders occurring in females, but a molecular basis for its effects on autoimmunity remains to be elucidated.We have shown previously that estrogen leads to the survival and activation of autoreactive cells in the naive repertoire.To identify the molecular pathways involved in B cell tolerance, we sought to identify genes that are differentially regulated by estrogen in mouse B cells.Several genes involved in B cell activation and survival, including cd22, shp-1, bcl-2, and vcam-1, were upregulated by estrogen in B cells.We found that overexpression of CD22 and SHP-1 in B cells decreased B cell receptor signaling.Estrogen receptors and are expressed on B cells and are functional, since they can directly upregulate expression of CD22, SHP-1, and Bcl-2.Estrogen treatment protected isolated primary B cells from B cell receptor-mediated apoptosis.These results suggest that estrogen induces a genetic program that alters survival and activation of B cells in a B cell-autonomous fashion and thus skews the naive immune system toward autoreactivity.
Self-assembled fibre optoelectronics with discrete translational symmetry (2016)

Fibres with electronic and photonic properties are essential building blocks for functional fabrics with system level attributes. The scalability of thermal fibre drawing approach offers access to large device quantities, while constraining the devices to be translational symmetric. Lifting this symmetry to create discrete devices in fibres will increase their utility. Here, we draw, from a macroscopic preform, fibres that have three parallel internal non-contacting continuous domains; a semiconducting glass between two conductors. We then heat the fibre and generate a capillary fluid instability, resulting in the selective transformation of the cylindrical semiconducting domain into discrete spheres while keeping the conductive domains unchanged. The cylindrical-to-spherical expansion bridges the continuous conducting domains to create 1/410 4 self-assembled, electrically contacted and entirely packaged discrete spherical devices per metre of fibre. The photodetection and Mie resonance dependent response are measured by illuminating the fibre while connecting its ends to an electrical readout.
Magnetron RF source for the Project X pulsed linac (2012)

A concept for a two-stage injection-locked CW magnetron intended to drive Superconducting Cavities (SC) for intensity-frontier accelerators has been proposed.The concept is based on a theoretical model considering a magnetron as a forced oscillator; the model was verified with a 2.5 MW pulsed magnetron experimentally.The injection-locked two-stage CW magnetron can be used as an RF power source for Fermilab's Project-X to feed separately each of the 1.3 GHz SC of the 8 GeV pulsed linac.The two-stage magnetron with output power of ~25 kW and expected output/input power ratio of about 30-40 dB would operate in a pulsed mode with pulse duration of 8 ms and repetition rate of 10 Hz.The experimental setup of a two-stage magnetron utilising CW, S-band, 1 kW tubes operating at pulse duration of 1-10 ms, and the obtained results are presented and discussed in this paper.
Visualizing ultrastructural details of placental tissue with super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (2020)

Abstract Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is a widely employed technique in cell biology research, yet remains relatively unexplored in the field of histo-pathology. Here, we describe the sample preparation steps and acquisition parameters necessary to obtain fluorescent multicolor super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) images of both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and cryo-preserved placental tissue sections. We compare super-resolved images of chorionic villi against diffraction-limited deconvolution microscopy and demonstrate the significant contrast and resolution enhancement attainable with SIM. We show that SIM resolves ultrastructural details such as the syncytiotrophoblast’s microvilli brush border, which up until now has been only resolvable by electron microscopy.
A data-driven group-sparse feature extraction method for fault detection of wind turbine transmission system (2020)

Abstract Vibration monitoring using sensors mounted on machines is widely used for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. The periodic overlapping group sparsity (POGS) method has been developed in previous work of authors, and is an effective technique for detecting faults induced in rotating machines. However, the regularization parameter of the POGS problem is roughly specified via a look-up table provided in the original work. To address this problem, a data-driven diagnostic method, which is termed the adaptively regularized periodic overlapping group sparsity (ARPOGS), is proposed in this paper. The non-stationary fault feature ratio which is defined in the Hilbert domain is employed to guide the optimal regularization parameter. The criterion of setting the interval of candidate regularization parameters is also discussed. The ARPOGS is developed in terms of a convex optimization problem, while non-convex regularizations are used to further promote the sparsity. Since the non-convex penalty term is used and the whole objective function is constrained as a convex optimization problem, the sparsity of useful fault features is maximally induced. A simulated signal is formulated to verify the performance of the proposed method for periodic feature extraction. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed ARPOGS method is validated by analyzing real data collected from a wind turbine transmission system. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively and automatically extract periodic-group-sparse features from noisy vibration signals.
Jitter Investigation and Performance Evaluation of a Small-Scale Probe Storage Device Prototype (2007)

MEMS-based scanning-probe data storage devices are emerging as potential ultra-high-density, low-access-time, and low-power alternatives to conventional data storage. Thermomechanical probe-based storage on thin polymer films is arguably the most advanced scanning-probe data storage scheme. The performance evaluation of a small-scale storage device prototype based on this concept is presented. The emphasis is on understanding the timing jitter in the read-back signals. Experiments are performed that confirm that the primary source of timing-jitter is the nanometer-scale perturbations of the micro-scanner while positioning the recording medium relative to the read/write transducers. Analytical estimates of these micro-scanner perturbations are obtained. An extensive performance evaluation, using the experimentally identified channel and medium-noise spectral characteristics, is conducted to study the impact of the microscanner perturbations on the performance of the storage device.