gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A THz Integrated Circuit Based on a Pixel Array to Mode Multiplex Two 10-Gbit/s QPSK Channels Each on a Different OAM Beam (2022)

We experimentally demonstrate a THz integrated circuit with a pixel-array-based orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) mode converter for the generation and multiplexing of multiple data-carrying OAM beams. The integrated device consists of (i) two coupling spikes, which serve as inputs and can couple THz signals from hollow metallic waveguides to the device; (ii) two mode expansion structures, which expand the mode profiles from the waveguide inputs to match the OAM mode converter; and (iii) a 3.6 × 3.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> pixel-array-based OAM mode converter, which vertically emits and multiplexes two free-space THz data-carrying OAM beams with different mode orders. The generated OAM order depends on the corresponding input port. Two different designs of the integrated OAM emitters show the generation and multiplexing of (a) OAM +1 and –1, and (b) OAM +1 and –2 at the center frequency of ∼ 0.317 THz. Crosstalk lower than –15 dB between the OAM modes can be achieved. Specifically, the OAM +1/–1 emitter has a 3-dB power bandwidth of ∼15 GHz. Using the OAM +1/–1 emitter for a free-space link at a 0.317-THz carrier frequency, we experimentally demonstrate 20-Gbit/s quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) transmission by multiplexing OAM +1 and –1. Compared to a single-beam transmission, the multiplexed link induces a ∼1-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) penalty at the bit error rate (BER) of 3.8×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> .
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of α‐Ester‐Substituted Conjugated Dienyl‐ and Trienylphosphonates. New Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclic Terpenoids. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Influence of In-Plane Tyre Dynamics on ABS Braking of a Quarter Vehicle Model (1999)

For efficient analysis it is important to choose the proper model that fits the problem that needs to be solved. This paper discusses three pragmatic simulation models for longitudinal behaviour of a passenger car tyre (Steady State, Transient and Rigid Ring) that may be used in e.g. an ABS simulation. The characteristics of the simulation models are evaluated using some simple simulations. Simulations with a quarter vehicle model that includes load transfer effects are carried out to determine the deviation in results between the mentioned tyre models for an ABS application. The results show that the Steady State model may only be used below 10 Hz and that the Transient model is valid up to about 30 Hz. The results from the ABS simulation with the Rigid Ring model are most reliable and are clearly different from the Steady State and Transient model, which indicates that ABS simulations should be carried out with the Rigid Ring model. Additionally it is demonstrated that for tyre behaviour on uneven roads the influence of the tyre belt cannot be neglected.
[Current state and perspective of studies on hypertensive complications]. (2004)

Studies on cardiovascular complications in hypertensive patients have been extensively progressed in basic and clinical researches. The molecular mechanism of sensing system of mechanical stress have not been fully understood. Rho/Rho kinase and oxidative stress are molecules activated by stretch and are highly possible to contribute to cardiovascular complications. One of clinical progress in this area is the development and wide distribution of noninvasive diagnostic devices for atherosclerosis. Some of these devices are used as an surrogate markers in large scale randomized clinical trials. Currently, new therapeutic targets and strategies have been investigated and tailored medicine using pharmacogenetics is expected in the near future to manage hypertensive complications.
Acceleration-Driven-Damper (ADD): An Optimal Control Algorithm For Comfort-Oriented Semiactive Suspensions (2004)

Abstract The problem considered in this paper is the design and analysis of control strategies for semiactive suspensions in road vehicles. The most commonly used control framework is the well-known Sky–Hook (SH) damping. Two-state or linear approximation of the SH concept are typically implemented. The goal of this paper is to analyze the optimality of SH-based control algorithms, and to propose an innovative control strategy, named Acceleration-Driven-Damper (ADD) control. It is shown that ADD is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the vertical body acceleration (comfort objective) when no road-preview is available. This control strategy is extremely simple; it requires the same sensors of the SH algorithms, and a simple two-state controllable damper. In order to assess and to compare the closed-loop performance of the SH and ADD control strategies, both a theoretical and a numerical analysis of performance are proposed.
Traitement des combustibles usés : les acquis industriels (2006)

Le developpement significatif du nucleaire civil en France a ete decide au lendemain du choc petrolier de 1973. La France s'est alors dotee des installations industrielles permettant d'assurer les services du cycle du combustible, non seulement pour son programme propre, mais aussi a l'echelle internationale : usine d'enrichissement Georges Besse dans le Tricastin et usines de traitement de combustibles uses a La Hague, dont l'objectif est la separation de l'uranium et du plutonium des autres radioelements. L'experience et les resultats industriels acquis tout au long de ces annees par AREVA NC dans le domaine du traitement des combustibles illustrent le caractere mature et perenne des technologies et des procedes mis en oeuvre, et mettent en evidence la capacite de l'outil industriel a evoluer pour s'adapter aux besoins (amelioration des performances, accompagnement des progres des combustibles, reduction et optimisation du volume des dechets ultimes).
Association of common inherited NOD2 mutations with exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. (2023)

2514 Background: Melanomas and lung cancers usually display a large burden of somatically mutated proteins, yet only a subset of individuals can be induced to mount a therapeutic immune response against tumours. Inherited mutations in immune regulatory genes may be one factor predisposing to a heightened immune response with addition of an immune stimulus. Methods: Germline whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in a patient with exceptional response (ExR) to targeted radiotherapy for metastatic melanoma (complete abscopal response). A target variant gene was identified, and interrogated within a prospectively recruited cohort of patients with ExR or non-response to anti-PD1 for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results were experimentally tested in mice and validated in an independent mixed cancer clinical cohort. Results: Compound heterozygous variants in NOD2 were found within the patient with abscopal response (expected genotype frequency 1.3 in 10,000), whose cancer regression occurred concurrently with a flare of pre-existing Crohn’s colitis (a NOD2-associated condition). Patients treated with anti-PD1 for NSCLC were prospectively recruited (n=144). Individuals with ExR to PD1 were selected, defined by progression-free survival (PFS) ≥2 years and ≥1 CTCAE grade 2 or higher immune-related adverse event (n=40). Median follow-up was 41 months (median PFS not reached). Patients with best response of progressive disease were selected for comparison (n=18, median PFS 2.76m, 95% CI, 2.1-3.81). WGS from blood was analysed for all human NOD2 variants known to impair NOD2 signalling. Of ExR patients, 25% carried 1 or more functional NOD2 variants, totalling 11 of 80 alleles (13.8%); more than twice the expected allele frequency (6.58%, p=0.0199). Within non-responders, 1 patient carried a variant NOD2 allele (1 of 36 alleles, 2.78%). The association between NOD2 loss-of-function and heightened immune response to anti-PD1 was experimentally tested in Nod2-null C57BL/6J ( Nod2 fs ) mice. Nod2 fs mice transplanted with a syngeneic cell line and treated with anti-PD1 showed greater tumour response compared with Nod2 wild-type littermates (60-day OS 41.67% vs 0%, p&lt;0.01). Flow cytometry of tumours showed greater proportion of (CD44 hi CD62L low ) CD8 + and CD4 + effector memory differentiated cells within Nod2 fs versus Nod2 wild-type animals (p&lt;0.05). Results were validated within an independent clinical cohort (n=105). Overall response rate to PD1 in patients with mutant vs wild-type NOD2 was 50% versus 15% (p=0.03). Conclusions: These results provide four complementary lines of evidence that common inherited defects in the immune regulatory gene NOD2 promote exceptional immune response following acute triggers to control cancer. NOD2 may be a biomarker for treatment stratification or a therapeutic target to enhance anti-PD1 response.
Interfacial Morphology of Duplex Stainless Steel Joints Brazed with Ni-Cr-Si-B Filler Metal (2004)

Microstructures of 0.18wt% nitrogen-contained duplex stainless steel, SUS329J 3 L brazed in a vacuum furnace of 10 -4 torr, have been investigated as a function of bonding temperatures (1453-1523K) and holding times (0-1.8ks). An amorphous alloy, MBF50 (Ni-19.5wt%Cr-7.3wt%Si -1.5wt%B), was used as an insert metal. At an early stage at 1453K and 1473k, a morphology change of the insert metal, BN and CrB phase appeared only at the joints. The BN and Cr-Si-N phase were observed at the interface of the joints brazed under other conditions. The volume fraction of BN increased rapidly at an early stage and decreased with increasing holding time. The phase seemed to have been formed by dissolution of the base metal and the diffusion process. BN was formed easily due to the lowest Gibbs free energy. Boron content in liquid insert metal becomes low due to the formation of a large number of BNs at the bonded interlayer by holding for a few minutes at brazing temperature. This caused the rapid isothermal solidification of the liquid insert metal. Thus, it is clear that the isothermal solidification process of this bonding is controlled by the formation of boron nitrides as opposed to the diffusion process of depressant elements(B and Si) in the base metal.
Analysis of leakage current wave forms for field-aged and new composite insulators (2002)

Results of measurements and analyses of leakage current (LC) patterns on field-aged and non-aged insulators are presented. The field-aged insulators were exposed to marine and industrial pollutions as well as to tropical weather conditions for one year. The LC measurements were performed on them under natural and artificial contaminated conditions. The non-aged insulators were previously used for pollution testing. In most cases, the LC patterns on the field-aged insulators were sinusoidal in shape whereas they were highly deformed on the non-aged insulators. These different LC patterns were quantitatively analysed by means of a circuit model representing a polluted and wet insulator surface. A modification of the previously developed neural network for evaluation of the third and fifth harmonic contents of the LC patterns is also presented.
Bone marrow transplantation nephropathy after an intensified conditioning regimen with radioimmunotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (2006)

BMT nephropathy appears to be a significant problem after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with intensified conditioning using the 188Re-labeled anti-CD66 applied in this study, particularly when combined with total-body irradiation.
Preparation andin vitrocharacterization of poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic acid)‐based tamoxifen citrate‐loaded microparticles for breast cancer (2011)

Abstract This study was aimed to develop an injectable polymeric drug delivery system for tamoxifen citrate (TC) using poly(sebacic acid‐ co ‐ricinoleic acid) [poly(SA‐RA) 70 : 30 w/w] as a drug carrier for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Injectable biodegradable microparticles of TC were produced by solvent displacement technique of microencapsulation and were characterized by surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy), particle size, size distribution, physical and chemical interaction (Fourier transform infrared), nature and physical state of drug [DSC and X‐ray diffraction (XRD)], and in vitro release studies. TC loading over different concentrations was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Polyanhydride microparticles obtained after lyophilization were nearly spherical in shape with smooth surface and size less than 2.5 μm. TC was dispersed in the form of amorphous state, and TC remains intact and stable during the process of microencapsulation. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated prolonged controlled release of TC with zero‐order kinetics. Stability studies revealed that the production process of microparticles itself did not affect the chemical stability of the drug and polymer forming the particle matrix. Significant difference in drug release capacity was observed in microparticles with different drug loadings, and the drug release was more sustained in microparticles prepared with high TC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Countercurrent Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Fractionation of High-Added-Value Compounds from Olive oil (2022)

Olive oil (OO), widely known for its superior organoleptic properties, is at the center of research interest due to its high content in bioactives. Among them, hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (T) and the secoiridoids oleacein (OLEA) and oleocanthal (OLEO) are the major olive oil biophenols with established beneficial effects on human health, proven by a plethora of scientific data, with antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective properties [1]. Since olive oil is one of the richest sources of bioactives, there are several studies available in literature regarding different methods and approaches for their isolation. However, based on our knowledge, there is no information available for the recovery of these constituents with the use of totally green and completely environmentally friendly methodologies. The aim of the current study was to develop an eco-friendly method for producing HT, T, OLEA and OLEO enriched extracts from olive oil, by applying Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) technique and using as co-solvents distilled water, food grade i-PrOH and mixtures of these solvents thereof. The parameters that were tested were the pressure and temperature of the SFE-system, the flow rate of CO2 and co-solvents, and as a result the optimal conditions for the production of HT, T, OLEA and OLEO-enriched extracts, was highlighted. Overall, this is the first time that a green SFE-based methodology was developed and applied, for olive oil biophenols-enriched extracts production.
Development of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II Heterobifunctional Degraders (2023)

Human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) is a metalloenzyme essential to critical physiological processes in the body. hCA inhibitors are used clinically for the treatment of indications ranging from glaucoma to epilepsy. Targeted protein degraders have emerged as a promising means of inducing the degradation of disease-implicated proteins by using the endogenous quality control mechanisms of a cell. Here, a series of heterobifunctional degrader candidates targeting hCAII were developed from a simple aryl sulfonamide fragment. Degrader candidates were functionalized to produce either cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRBN) recruiting proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) or adamantyl-based hydrophobic tags (HyTs). Screens in HEK293 cells identified two PROTAC small-molecule degraders of hCA. Optimization of linker length and composition yielded a degrader with sub-nanomolar potency and sustained depletion of hCAII over prolonged treatments. Mechanistic studies suggest that this optimized degrader depletes hCAII through the same mechanism as previously reported CRBN-recruiting heterobifunctional degraders.
Peculiarities of the regulation of the Brucella flagellum (2011)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Metallic Materials Deposition: Metal‐Organic PrecursorsUpdate based on the original article by Charles H. Winter, Wenjun Zheng and Hani M. El‐Kaderi,Encyclopedia of Inorganic ChemistrySecond Edition, © 2005, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2012)

Abstract This review describes metal‐organic precursors for the growth of metal‐containing thin films by chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐based methods. The major emphasis is on precursors that have been reported since 2004, which corresponds to a time of major growth in this field. Progress in the development of metal‐organic precursors is documented for the main group, lanthanide, and group 4– 11 elements. In the main group elements, there has been considerable research activity directed toward the identification of strontium and barium precursors, due both to the technological importance of mixed oxide phases and the inherent difficulties in obtaining volatile, stable thermally complexes of these large metal ions. Aluminum, gallium, and indium have also been the subject of intense investigation because of the importance of many phases containing these elements. The group 4 and 5 elements titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, and tantalum have been the subject of considerable precursor development activity because of the importance of several mixed oxide phases and the applications of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide as high‐permittivity gate materials in microelectronic devices. Growth of metal nitride films of these elements has also been an active area of research for use as barrier materials in microelectronic devices. The deposition of copper and other first‐row transition‐metal films from metal‐organic precursors is driven by the urgent need for copper metalization procedures in microelectronics device manufacturing. The atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth of the noble metals ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, and platinum has been a very active research area. The current state of metal‐organic precursor development is presented for each of these metallic elements.
Zinc-porphyrin Solvation in Folded and Unfolded States of Zn-cytochrome c (2004)

After a brief review of the use of photochemical triggers and heme metal substitution to probe the folding dynamics of cytochrome c, we present new results on the photophysics and photochemistry of folded and unfolded states of the zinc-substituted protein (Zn-cyt c). Our measurements of Zn-cyt c triplet state decay kinetics reveal a systematic isotope effect on lifetimes: the decay in the folded protein (τH2O ∼ 10 ms) is only modestly affected by isotopically substituted buffers (kH2O/kD2O = 1.2), whereas a reduced triplet lifetime (∼1.3 ms) and greater isotope effect (1.4) were found for the chemically denatured, fully unfolded protein. The shortest lifetime (0.1−0.4 ms) and greatest isotope effect (1.5) were found for a fully exposed model compound, zinc-substituted N-acetyl-microperoxidase-8 (ZnAcMP8), implying that the unfolded protein provides some protection to the Zn-porphyrin group even under fully denaturing conditions. Further evidence for partial structure in unfolded Zn-cyt c comes from bimolecular quenching experiments using Ru(NH3)63+ as an external Zn-porphyrin triplet state quencher. In the presence of quencher, partially unfolded protein at midpoint guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and urea concentrations exhibits biphasic triplet decay kinetics, a fast component corresponding to an extended, solvent-exposed state (6.6 × 108 M-1 s-1 in GdmCl, 6.3 × 108 M-1 s-1 in urea) and a slow component attributable to a compact, relatively solvent-inaccessible, state (5.9 × 107 M-1 s-1 in GdmCl, 8.6 × 106 M-1 s-1 in urea). The variation in Zn-porphyrin solvation for the compact states in the two denaturants reveals that the cofactor in the partially unfolded protein is better protected in urea solutions.
Bioprocess optimization for recombinant protein production from mammalian cells (2010)

Mammalian cells are being increasingly used to manufacture complex therapeutic proteins given their ability to properly fold and glycosylate these proteins. However, protein yields are low and process enhancements are necessary to ensure economically viable processes. Methods for yield improvement, bioprocess development acceleration and rapid quantification and monitoring of cell metabolism were investigated in this study. Recognizing the adverse effect of high PCO₂ on cell growth, metabolism and protein productivity, a novel PCO₂ reduction strategy based on NaHCO₃ elimination was investigated that decreased PCO₂ by 65-72%. This was accompanied by 68-123% increases in growth rate and 58-92% increases in productivity. To enable rapid and robust data analysis from early stage process development experiments, logistic equations were used to effectively describe the kinetics of batch and fed-batch cultures. Substantially improved specific rate estimates were obtained from the logistic equations when compared with current modeling approaches. Metabolic flux analysis was used to obtain quantitative information on cellular metabolism and the validity of using the balancing method for flux estimation was verified with data from isotope tracer studies. Error propagation from prime variables into specific rates and metabolic fluxes was quantified using Monte-Carlo analysis which indicated 8-22% specific rate error for 5-15% error in prime variable measurement. While errors in greater metabolic fluxes were similar to those in the corresponding specific rates, errors in the lesser metabolic fluxes were extremely sensitive to greater specific rate errors such that lesser fluxes were no longer representative of cellular metabolism. The specific rate to metabolic flux error relationship could be accurately described by the corresponding normalized sensitivity coefficient. A framework for quasi-real-time estimation of metabolic fluxes was proposed and implemented to serve as a bioprocess monitoring and early warning system. Methods for real-time oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production rate estimation were developed that enabled rapid flux estimation. This framework was used to characterize cellular response to pH and dissolved oxygen changes in a process development experiment and can readily be applied to a manufacturing bioreactor. Overall, the approaches for protein productivity enhancement and rapid metabolism monitoring developed in this study are general with potential for widespread application to laboratory and manufacturing-scale perfusion and fed-batch mammalian cell cultivations.