gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accumulation ofN-Acetylglucosamine Oligomers in the Plant Cell Wall Affects Plant Architecture in a Dose-Dependent and Conditional Manner (2014)

To study the effect of short N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) oligosaccharides on the physiology of plants, N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE (NodC) of Azorhizobium caulinodans was expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The corresponding enzyme catalyzes the polymerization of GlcNAc and, accordingly, β-1,4-GlcNAc oligomers accumulated in the plant. A phenotype characterized by difficulties in developing an inflorescence stem was visible when plants were grown for several weeks under short-day conditions before transfer to long-day conditions. In addition, a positive correlation between the oligomer concentration and the penetrance of the phenotype was demonstrated. Although NodC overexpression lines produced less cell wall compared with wild-type plants under nonpermissive conditions, no indications were found for changes in the amount of the major cell wall polymers. The effect on the cell wall was reflected at the transcriptome level. In addition to genes encoding cell wall-modifying enzymes, a whole set of genes encoding membrane-coupled receptor-like kinases were differentially expressed upon GlcNAc accumulation, many of which encoded proteins with an extracellular Domain of Unknown Function26. Although stress-related genes were also differentially expressed, the observed response differed from that of a classical chitin response. This is in line with the fact that the produced chitin oligomers were too small to activate the chitin receptor-mediated signal cascade. Based on our observations, we propose a model in which the oligosaccharides modify the architecture of the cell wall by acting as competitors in carbohydrate-carbohydrate or carbohydrate-protein interactions, thereby affecting noncovalent interactions in the cell wall or at the interface between the cell wall and the plasma membrane.
Prevention of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (2008)

Numerous strategies have been evaluated to prevent early CSA-AKI. Although correction of hemodynamic problems is paramount, there are no clinical studies that compare different hemodynamic management or monitoring strategies with regard to their effect on kidney function. Pharmacologic strategies including diuretics, different classes of vasodilators and drugs with anti-inflammatory effects such as N-acetyl-cysteine, do not appear to be effective. Most of the studies are underpowered and use physiological rather than clinical endpoints. Further trials are warranted with fenoldopam and nesiritide (rhBNP). Observational and underpowered randomized studies show beneficial renal effects of off-pump technique and avoidance of aortic manipulation. There is very limited evidence for preoperative fluid loading and preemptive RRT. Potentially nephrotoxic agents should be used with caution in patients at risk of CSA-AKI. Tranexamic acid or aminocaproic acid should be preferred over aprotinin. No pharmacologic intervention has been adequately tested in the prevention of late CSA-AKI. A singlecenter study, including a predominance of patients after cardiac surgery, showed a decrease of kidney injury with tight glycemic control.
Transplantation (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Preparation of right-side-out, acetylcholine receptor enriched intact vesicles from Torpedo californica electroplaque membranes (1979)

Intact vesicles enriched in acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica electroplaque membranes can be separated from collapsed or leaky vesicles and membrane sheets on sucrose density gradients. alpha-Bungarotoxin binding in intact vesicles reveals that approximately 95% of the acetylcholine receptor containing vesicles are formed outside-out (with the synaptic membrane face exposed on the vesicle exterior). The binding data also indicated that only 5% or less of the sites for alpha-bungarotoxin binding to synaptic membranes are located on the interior, cytoplasmic face. Intact vesicles are stable to gentle pelleting and resuspension but are easily osmotically shocked. The vesicles are impermeable to sucrose and Ficoll, but glycerol readily transverses to membrane barrier. Intact vesicles provide a sealed, oriented membrane preparation for studies of vectorial acetylcholine receptor mediated processes.
Virtual programming environments: programming the cloud (keynote) (2022)

Cloud-based applications are ubiquitous and essential. We expect them to be simultaneously scalable and available and simple to build and deploy. Virtual Programming Environments are what make these applications possible. Virtual Programming Environments are themselves complex distributed systems, built using the entire spectrum of System and Runtime Virtualization technology that is the subject of VEE. In the first part of the talk, I will focus on the purest form of Serverless Computing: Functions as a Service (FaaS) as embodied in Virtual Programming Environments such as AWS Lambda or Apache OpenWhisk. I will describe the programming abstractions they provide to the developer and how these abstractions are realized using virtualization technology. In the second part of the talk, I will outline the research challenges in moving beyond FaaS to build Virtual Programming Environments that can productively support building complex stateful applications on the cloud.
Quantum Dot Based Duplex In Situ Hybridisation for Gene Expression Profiling. (2005)

Abstract Quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (2–10-nm core diameter) possessing the unique properties of extremely high fluorescence efficiency, lack of photobleaching and long fluorescence lifetime, making them an ideal tool for bioimaging. We have developed a novel technique for in situ hybridisation (ISH) using biotinylated oligonucleotides conjugated to streptavidin coated QD, and used them in this study to label bone marrow trephine samples. 50-mer long oligonucleotide probes were conjugated to QDs prior to ISH and conjugation efficiency was demonstrated by gel electrophopresis. ISH conditions and molar ratio of QDs to probe were optimised using a polyT probe. Images were captured using a CRI Nuance spectral imaging system and signal intensity was semi-quantitated using IPLab software. Specific oligonucleotide hybridisation was demonstrated using a probe for myeloperoxidase (MPO) in 40 bone marrow sections infiltrated by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) as well as reactive bone marrow. In each case hybridisation signal was consistent with the distribution of MPO by standard immunohistochemistry - MPO was strongly expressed by myeloid blasts and absent in lymphoid blasts; in CML, most, but not all, cells were positive for MPO, in comparison to many fewer positive cells in reactive marrow. Duplex ISH was demonstrated using a probe for bcl-2 together with MPO in 5 bone marrow sections infiltrated by follicular lymphoma (FL). Strong hybridisation signal for bcl-2 was detected in all cells of the paratrabecular aggregates of FL but showed only scattered positivity in the remainder of the bone marrow. Conversely, MPO was absent in the paratrabecular aggregates and present in the myeloid cells in the remainder of the marrow. This pattern was present in both single and duplex ISH for MPO and bcl-2 in the marrow infiltrated by FL. Duplex ISH was performed both by sequential hybridisation with bcl-2 followed by MPO, and simultaneously with a mix of bcl-2 and MPO probes. As negative controls, scrambled oligonucleotide probes for the corresponding genes were used in each case and did not show hybridisation. In summary, we have developed a generic method for QD labelling and semi-quantitative detection of oligonucleotide ISH in routinely processed clinical tissue samples. Although, in this study we primarily used bone marrow trephine samples, this technique can be applied to any tissue. It has the potential to facilitate transfer of microarray-identified gene signatures to clinical research and diagnostics, whilst the ability of spectral imaging to resolve multiple signals offers the possibility of multiplexed probe detection.
Pheromone synthesis, CLXXI. A new synthesis of (2E,4E,6R10R)‐4,6,10,12‐tetramethyl‐2,4‐tridecadien‐7‐one (matsuone), the primary component of the sex pheromone of three Matsucoccus pine bast scales (1995)

Abstract A new synthesis of (2 E ,4 E ,6 R ,10 R )‐4,6,10,12‐tetramethyl‐2,4‐tridecadien‐7‐one ( 1 ; matsuone) was achieved by starting from (2 R ,3 S )‐4‐( tert ‐butyldiphenylsilyloxy)‐2,3‐epoxy‐1‐butanol ( 21 = E ) and methyl ( R )‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropanoate ( 2 = I ). Cleavage of 21 with trimethylaluminium afforded 22 as the major product (56%) and a mixture (14%) of 23 and 24 . The abnormal minor product 24 was generated by the migration of a phenyl group from the silicon to a carbon atom.
Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (2017)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, is characterized by underlying maternal defects in the β-cell response to insulin during pregnancy. Women with a previous history of GDM have a greater than 7-fold higher risk of developing postpartum diabetes compared with women without GDM. Various risk factors for postpartum diabetes have been identified, including maternal age, glucose levels in pregnancy, family history of diabetes, pre-pregnancy and postpartum body mass index, dietary patterns, physical activity, and breastfeeding. Genetic studies revealed that GDM shares common genetic variants with type 2 diabetes. A number of lifestyle interventional trials that aimed to ameliorate modifiable risk factors, including diet, exercise, and breastfeeding, succeeded in reducing the incidence of postpartum diabetes, weight retention, and other obesity-related morbidities. The present review summarizes the findings of previous studies on the incidence and risk factors of postpartum diabetes and discusses recent lifestyle interventional trials that attempted to prevent postpartum diabetes.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of a Novel α‐Hydroxyethylating Reagent in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Lincosamine. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dietary low-fiber promotes resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in the LSL-KrasG12D Lung Cancer Model (2022)

Abstract Dietary fiber interaction with the gut microbiota impact gut microbiota composition and is likely to play a large role in affecting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. Here we show that a diet with low-fiber promoted lung tumor development and reduced tumor-bearing animal long-term survival in both prophylactic early disease and established late disease of murine LSL-KrasG12D lung cancer model, which displays low neoantigen burden and is refractory to anti-PD-1 antibody. In this model, the administration of anti-PD-1 in the presence of IL-17 neutralization resulted in tumor suppression, indicating that limited intrinsic neoantigen alone was not the primary determinant of resistance to ICIs therapy. Interestingly, dietary low-fiber led to reduced anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 and anti-IL-17 partially in gut microbiota-dependent manner. Fecal microbiota transplantation from mice fed low-fiber diet also enhanced lung tumor burden. An altered immune response with significantly reduced gut lamina propria RORgt+IL-17A+ Th17 cells, lung Foxp3+Treg cells, enhanced lung Th17 cells, but no alteration of lung gdTCR+ cells were found in mice fed low-fiber diet. Furthermore, a low-fiber diet led to significant changes in metabolites including a high level of serine in the plasma of animals. Mice fed normal chow with drinking water containing serine increased lung tumorigenesis. Our study demonstrates a functional interconnection between dietary fiber and spontaneous lung tumor development. Supported by grant from NIH/NIGMS(P20-GM135004)
A 3-Axis Catch-and-Release Gyroscope with Pantograph Vibration for Low-Power and Fast Start-Up Applications (2019)

This paper presents the first 3-axis MEMS gyroscope that employs intermittent free vibration realized by a "Catch-and-Release (CR)" method. While CR enables drive power reduction and instant start-up, its application to multi-axis tuning-fork (TF) gyroscope is not straightforward, since the increased degrees-of-freedom is likely to induce hazardous beat during the free vibration. To prevent this, a pantograph structure is introduced, in which drive motion is constrained by fixed-length joints, thereby eliminating the spurious beat. The fabricated gyroscope shows 3-axis sensitivities of 0.3-0.6 aF/dps and <;2% cross-axis sensitivities. The consecutive CR operation with a release DC voltage at 25 V and a high Q factor of 440k at 20 kHz of pantograph mode are confirmed.
Small-Sample Total RNA Purification: Laser Capture Microdissection and Cultured Cell Applications (2001)

Gene expression studies require analysis of RNA, but isolation of total RNA from very small samples by traditional methods can be difficult and inefficient. The Absolutely RNA microprep kit provides a convenient method for isolating total RNA from small numbers of cells such as those harvested by laser capture microdissection (LCM). The protocol includes binding of RNA to a solid support, thus eliminating the need for organic extraction and alcohol precipitation. DNase digestion on the solid support reduces or eliminates DNA contamination and minimizes RNA handling. Efficient washing removes contaminants, and elution in a small volume of buffer results in high-purity RNA at a concentration appropriate for demanding applications such as RT-PCR. RNA isolated from as few as 200 laser capture microdissected brain tumor cells resulted in detection of low, medium, and highly expressed genes by conventional and real-time RT-PCR.
ESTIMATION OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME(ECV) IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS USING THE SUM OF SEGMENTAL BIOIMPEDANCE ANALYSIS(SBIA) (2002)

The measurement of changes in ECV in hemodialysis (HD) patients is important for dialysis treatment. We previously showed that SBIA could he used to accurately measure changes in ECV during HD and ultrafiltration (UFV). The equation (ECVs= 2*ka*ECVa + 2*kl*ECVl + kt*ECVt) was used to calculate segmental ECV, where ka = kl = 1 and kt = 4. Since the body geometry differs between patients, ka and kl may not be 1 for the all patients. In this study, we investigated the ratio of equivalent resistivity r = R'A/L (Wxcm) in the arm to that in the leg and to that in the trunk. This information was used to correct ka and kl. Forty two HD patients (14f/28m, pre dialysis weight 84.7±25 kg, post dialysis weight 81.7±25 kg, UFV 3.38 L and BMI 27.8±7.8) had ECV estimated by SBIA prior to and following the HD. Four measuring electrodes were placed on the wrist, shoulder, iliac and ankle another two injecting electrodes were placed on the hand and the foot. Resistance (R) and reactance were measured in arm, trunk, leg and wrist-to-ankle by a digital switch connected to the bioimpedance device (Xitron 40008, Xitron Technologies Inc. San Diego, CA). Results shown in the Table.TableThe table indicates that SBIA is better than WBIA in the measurement of changes in ECV, which is due to the improvement of the equation by the individual ka and kl. Comparison of ratio of ΔECV TO UFV
Synthesis, Characterization, and Structural Modeling of High‐Capacity, Dual Functioning MnO2 Electrode/Electrocatalysts for Li‐O2 Cells (2012)

Abstract It has become clear that cycling lithium‐oxygen cells in carbonate electrolytes is impractical, as electrolyte decomposition, triggered by oxygen reduction products, dominates the cell chemistry. This research shows that employing an α ‐MnO 2 /ramsdellite‐MnO 2 electrode/electrocatalyst results in the formation of lithium‐oxide‐like discharge products in propylene carbonate, which has been reported to be extremely susceptible to decomposition. X‐ray photoelectron data have shown that what are likely lithium oxides (Li 2 O 2 and Li 2 O) appear to form and decompose on the air electrode surface, particularly at the MnO 2 surface, while Li 2 CO 3 is also formed. By contrast, cells without α ‐MnO 2 /ramsdellite‐MnO 2 fail rapidly in electrochemical cycling, likely due to the differences in the discharge product. Relatively high electrode capacities, up to 5000 mAh/g (carbon + electrode/electrocatalyst), have been achieved with non‐optimized air electrodes. Insights into reversible insertion reactions of lithium, lithium peroxide (Li 2 O 2 ) and lithium oxide (Li 2 O) in the tunnels of α ‐MnO 2 , and the reaction of lithium with ramsdellite‐MnO 2 , as determined by first principles density functional theory calculations, are used to provide a possible explanation for some of the observed results. It is speculated that a Li 2 O‐stabilized and partially‐lithiated electrode component, 0.15Li 2 O· α ‐Li x MnO 2 , that has Mn 4+/3+ character may facilitate the Li 2 O 2 /Li 2 O discharge/charge chemistries providing dual electrode/electrocatalyst functionality.
Submilliwatt, widely tunable coherent microcomb generation with feedback-free operation (2023)

Microcombs are revolutionizing optoelectronics by providing parallel, mutually coherent wavelength channels for time-frequency metrology and information processing. To implement this essential function in integrated photonic systems, it is desirable to drive microcombs directly with an on-chip laser in a simple and flexible way. However, two major difficulties have prevented this goal: (1) generating mode-locked comb states usually requires a significant amount of pump power and (2) the requirement to align laser and resonator frequency significantly complicates operation and limits the tunability of the comb lines. Here, we address these problems by using microresonators on an AlGaAs on-insulator platform to generate dark-pulse microcombs. This highly nonlinear platform dramatically relaxes fabrication requirements and leads to a record-low pump power of <1 mW for coherent comb generation. Dark-pulse microcombs facilitated by thermally controlled avoided mode crossings are accessed by direct distributed feedback laser pumping. Without any feedback or control circuitries, the comb shows good coherence and stability. With around 150 mW on-chip power, this approach also leads to an unprecedentedly wide tuning range of over one free spectral range (97.5 GHz). Our work provides a route to realize power-efficient, simple, and reconfigurable microcombs that can be seamlessly integrated with a wide range of photonic systems.
Four-Coordinate Group-14 Elements in the Formal Oxidation State of Zero – Syntheses, Structures, and Dynamics of [{(CO)5Cr}2Sn(L2)] and Related Species (1998)

The sodium salts Na2[{(CO)5M}2EX2] (M = Cr, Mo, W; E = Ge, Sn, Pb; X = Cl, I, OOCCH3) react with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) to form neutral compounds [{(CO)5M}2E(bipy)] (E = Sn: 1a–1c; E = Ge: 3a; E = Pb: 4). 1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) analogues of compounds 1a–1c and 3a [{(CO)5M}2E(phen)] (E = Sn: 1d–1f, E = Ge: 3b) are as well accessible. The 2,2′-bipyridine ligand in 1 may be formally replaced by two pyridine (py) ligands resulting in [{(CO)5M}2Sn(py)2] (1g: M = Cr, 1h: M = W). The bis-bidentate ligand 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpmd) is found to coordinate just one [{(CO)5M}2Sn] entity in [{(CO)5M}2Sn(bpmd)] (2b: M = Cr, 2c: M = W). The biimidazolato (biim) ligand binds two [{(CO)5Cr}2Sn] moieties in [{(CO)5Cr}2Sn(biim)Sn{Cr(CO)5}2]2–, 2a. It is shown by 1H-NMR that the pyrimidine entities in these compounds (2b, 2c) are able to rotate by a full 180° turn-around with respect to one another. This process must involve complete de-coordination of at least one of the two nitrogen donors in again at least one of the chelate cycles, the activation energy for this process being around 60 kJ/mol. By 119Sn-NMR spectroscopy of almost all of the tin compounds described it is shown that equilibria between [{(CO)5M}2Sn(L2)] and [{(CO)5M}2Sn(L)] + L exist in all cases. From the temperature dependence of the δ values it is concluded that the activation barriers for this association/dissociation process is below 10 kJ/mol. The structures of all new compounds are documented by X-ray analyses and all compounds are characterized by the usual analytical and spectroscopical techniques.
Effects of calcium ions on L-type horizontal cells in the isolated turtle retina (1990)

A technique by which the retina can be isolated from the turtle eye is described. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological variability between preparations and also between regions of the same one. Large areas were often totally free of any pigment epithelial cells, yet contained a high proportion of photoreceptors with complete outer segments. However, adjacent regions may contain photoreceptors without outer segments or with fragmented ones. The physiological properties of the horizontal cells also demonstrated large variability between different preparations. In all cases, lowering calcium concentration from 2 mM to 0.1-0.5 mM depolarized the horizontal cells and augmented the amplitude of the maximum photoresponses. However, these effects were accompanied by changes in the photoresponse kinetics and by a reduction in the horizontal cell sensitivity to light. Moreover, prolonged exposure to low calcium induced permanent damage to the retina as was indicated by the reduction in the response amplitude after superfusion with 2 mM calcium solution had been resumed. The toxic effects of low calcium were most apparent when superfusion with 0.1-1.0 microM calcium concentration was performed. These solutions induced complex time-dependent effects on the resting potential of horizontal cells and on the amplitude and kinetics of the photoresponses. We conclude from these observations that the normal concentration of extracellular calcium in the turtle retina is in the 2 mM range.
11‐Deoxycortisol may be Superior to Cortisol in Confirming a Successful Adrenal Vein Catheterization without Cosyntropin: A Pilot Study (2017)

Cosyntropin infusion during AVS may not be necessary if 11-deoxycortisol is used to confirm catheter position.