gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic investigation of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in aqueous solutions of bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides. 3. Solute-solute interactions: studies of base stacking by ultrasonic velocity measurements (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltrasonic investigation of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in aqueous solutions of bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides. 3. Solute-solute interactions: studies of base stacking by ultrasonic velocity measurementsPaul Hemmes, A. A. Maevskii, V. A. Bukin, and A. P. SarvazyanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 7, 699–703Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100444a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100444a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Phase change gallium and germanium chalcogenides for optical electronic and plasmonic switching (2010)

We show that the phase-change technology behind rewritable optical disks and the latest generation of electronic memories can also offer applications in active plasmonics and metamaterials. A range of chalcogenides have been fabricated and characterized for their optical, thermal and electrical properties. Experimental demonstrations show that excitation-induced refractive index changes in gallium lanthanum sulphide (Ga:La:S), a can provide high contrast switching functionality. We have fabricated a silver/GLS interface which can support surface plasmon-polaritons and also incorporated a Ga:La:S thin film with a metamaterials based on arrays of resonance cells. We demonstrate both plasmonic modulation and metamaterials switching through reversible refractive index changes in the chalcogenide.
Choosing the Right Mix of At-speed Structural Test Patterns: Comparisons in Pattern Volume Reduction and Fault Detection Efficiency (2005)

The generation, qualification and validation of structural patterns for transition and path delay faults present several problems due to various design, tools and tester constraints. This paper proposes a flow for the generation and selection of a reduced set of structural patterns for at-speed testing, based on pattern reuse across different fault models, and based on metrics of minimum single detect and a qualified N-detect coverage. Patterns generated using ATPG and deterministic BIST techniques are considered for large representative SOC designs. It is shown that significant reduction of up to 35% in the pattern volume is achieved without compromising the test quality. These pattern selection techniques are being deployed in different designs in Texas Instruments (India).
G‐Protein coupled receptor 64 promotes invasiveness and metastasis in Ewing sarcomas through PGF and MMP1 (2013)

Metastatic spread in Ewing sarcomas (ES) is frequent and haematogenous. G-protein coupled receptor 64 (GPR64), an orphan receptor with normal expression restricted to human epididymis is specifically over-expressed in ES among sarcoma, but also up-regulated in a number of carcinomas derived from prostate, kidney or lung. Inhibition of GPR64 expression in ES by RNA interference impaired colony formation in vitro and suppressed local tumour growth and metastasis in Rag2(-/-) γC (-/-) mice. Microarray analysis after GPR64 knock down revealed a GPR64-mediated repression of genes involved in neuronal development like SLIT, drosophila, homolog of, 2 (SLIT2), and genes regulating transcription including pre-B cell leukemia homeobox 2 (PBX2). Concurrently, the suppression of GPR64 increased ES susceptibility to TRAIL induced apoptosis. Moreover, a GPR64-mediated induction of placental growth factor (PGF) in ES was observed. PGF suppression by RNA interference resulted in a reduction of metastatic growth similar to that observed after GPR64 knock down. Importantly, inhibition of GPR64 as well as PGF expression was associated with a reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 and invasiveness in vitro. Furthermore, MMP1 knock down abrogated lung metastasis in Rag2(-/-) γC (-/-) mice. Thus, GPR64 expression in ES maintains an immature phenotype that is less sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and via its up-regulation of PGF and MMP1 orchestrates and promotes invasiveness and metastatic spread.
Theoretical modeling of the acoustic pressure field produced by commercial lithotripters (1995)

A theoretical model for the acoustic field produced by commercial lithotripters based on the KZK equation is presented. The KZK equation has been used previously to model high-intensity sound beams in thermoviscous fluids. Both electrohydraulic and piezoelectric lithotripters are considered. To model the acoustic field reflected from ellipsoidal reflectors found in electrohydraulic litho- tripters, geometrical acoustics are used to define a directivity function at the mouth of the reflector. An equivalent focused source with a shading function defined by the directivity function is then assumed as the boundary condition for the KZK equation. A code that solves this equation entirely in the time domain is used to obtain results for the acoustic pressure. The numerical results are compared with previous experiments [Coleman etal., Ultrasound Med. Biol. 13(10), 651–657 (1987)] and good agreement is found. Results for propagation in both water and tissue are presented. Positive pressures of 40–100 MPa and negative pressures of 4–10 MPa are predicted in the focal region. A reflector with a pressure release surface is also considered. In this case the field close to the source is an inverted replica of that of the rigid reflector. However, strong distortion due to nonlinearity affects the rest of field. Negative pressures of 20–30 MPa are predicted in the focal region for this type of reflector. [Work supported by NIH.]
Employment status in persons with and without HIV infection in Denmark (2014)

After the introduction of HAART, employment rates have increased profoundly among HIV-infected individuals, but have remained lower than in the background population. During the same period, DRRs decreased among HIV-infected individuals, but still remained higher than in the background population.
Sierpiński Pyramids by Molecular Entanglement (2020)

Planar, terpyridine-based metal complexes with the Sierpiński triangular motif and alkylated corners undergo a second self-assembly event to give megastructural Sierpiński pyramids; assembly is driven by the facile lipophilic-lipophilic association of the alkyl moieties and complementary perfect fit of the triangular building blocks. Confirmation of the 3D, pyramidal structures was verified and supported by a combination of TEM, AFM, and multiscale simulation techniques.
Effect of Interfacial Properties on Polymer–Nanocrystal Thermoelectric Transport (2013)

The electrical behavior of a conducting-polymer/inorganic-nanowire composite is explained with a model in which carrier transport occurs predominantly through a highly conductive volume of polymer that exists at the polymer-nanowire interface. This result highlights the importance of controlling nanoscale interfaces for thermoelectric materials, and provides a general route for improving carrier transport in organic/inorganic composites.
Negative-type extreme ultraviolet Resist Materials based on Water-Wheel-like Cyclic Oligomer (Noria) (2010)

The synthesis and properties of noria derivatives containing oxetanyl groups were investigated for their application as negative-type extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist materials. The solubility, film-forming ability, and photochemical reactivity were consistent with the structures of noria derivatives. The patterning properties of the synthesized noria derivatives were also examined using an EUV system, and patterns with 45 and 50 nm half-pitch resolution were obtained.
ImprovingGPUPerformanceviaLargeWarps andTwo-LevelWarpScheduling (2011)

Due to their massive computational power, graphics processing units (GPUs) have become a popular platform for executing general purpose parallel applications. GPU programming models allow the programmer to create thousands of threads, each executing the same computing kernel. GPUs exploit this parallelism in two ways. First, threads are grouped into fixed-size SIMD batches known as warps, and second, many such warps are concurrently executed on a single GPU core. Despite these techniques, the computational resources on GPU cores are still underutilized, resulting in performance far short of what could be delivered. Two reasons for this are conditional branch instructions and stalls due to long latency operations. To improve GPU performance, computational resources must be more effectively utilized. To accomplish this, we propose two independent ideas: the large warp microarchitecture and two-level warp scheduling. We show that when combined, our mechanisms improve performance by 19.1% over traditional GPU cores for a wide variety of general purpose parallel applications that heretofore have not been able to fully exploit the available resources of the GPU chip.
MANAGEMENT OF THE ANATOMIC DIFFERENCES IN FEMALE AND MALE DISTAL FEMURS IN TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY (2009)

Frequently surgeons performing total knee replacements are faced with the dilemma of whether to notch the anterior cortex or overhang the medial and/or lateral cortices when implanting the femoral component. This is almost always seen in female patients. There is also a higher incidence of patellar alignment problems in female patients post total knee replacement. A unique 3D to 3D matching study of 202 cadaveric femurs has demonstrated a significant difference in the average comparable shapes of male versus female distal femoral anatomy. For the same AP dimension, female distal femurs are more than 5mm narrower. Also the angle formed between the anterior condyles and the posterior condyles are significantly different with the female being more trapezoidal in shape. Most existing total knee femoral component designs follow the ratio similar to that found in the average male distal femur. Options for management of this gender variability have been either utilizing instrumentation that references the anterior cortex to avoid notching or placing additional flexion on the distal femoral cut to allow downsizing. Both techniques are potentially problematic. Total knee implants systems are now utilizing this anthropomorphic data to redesign for separate male and female femoral components taking into consideration the relatively narrower female distal condylar width, lower medial anterior femoral condyle, and greater patellofemoral Q-angle.
Electron transfer flavoprotein domain II orientation monitored using double electron‐electron resonance between an enzymatically reduced, native FAD cofactor, and spin labels (2011)

Human electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) is a soluble mitochondrial heterodimeric flavoprotein that links fatty acid β-oxidation to the main respiratory chain. The crystal structure of human ETF bound to medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase indicates that the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) domain (αII) is mobile, which permits more rapid electron transfer with donors and acceptors by providing closer access to the flavin and allows ETF to accept electrons from at least 10 different flavoprotein dehydrogenases. Sequence homology is high and low-angle X-ray scattering is identical for Paracoccus denitrificans (P. denitrificans) and human ETF. To characterize the orientations of the αII domain of P. denitrificans ETF, distances between enzymatically reduced FAD and spin labels in the three structural domains were measured by double electron-electron resonance (DEER) at X- and Q-bands. An FAD to spin label distance of 2.8 ± 0.15 nm for the label in the FAD-containing αII domain (A210C) agreed with estimates from the crystal structure (3.0 nm), molecular dynamics simulations (2.7 nm), and rotamer library analysis (2.8 nm). Distances between the reduced FAD and labels in αI (A43C) were between 4.0 and 4.5 ± 0.35 nm and for βIII (A111C) the distance was 4.3 ± 0.15 nm. These values were intermediate between estimates from the crystal structure of P. denitrificans ETF and a homology model based on substrate-bound human ETF. These distances suggest that the αII domain adopts orientations in solution that are intermediate between those which are observed in the crystal structures of free ETF (closed) and ETF bound to a dehydrogenase (open).
PEARL-HF: Prevention of Hyperkalemia in Patients With Heart Failure Using a Novel Polymeric Potassium binder, RLY5016 (2011)

The treatment of heart failure has seen considerable advances in the past decades. In particular, a therapeutic focus on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has provided significant improvements in outcomes. Multiple inhibition points in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, including direct renin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, have the common feature of either blocking aldosterone production (direct renin inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker) or the mineralocorticoid receptor. As a consequence of this inhibition, sodium and water reabsorption is blocked, and potassium (K(+)) excretion is reduced. Hyperkalemia may result from the use of multiple renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors or blockers, particularly in patients with heart failure and concomitant chronic kidney disease. Interventions to reliably control serum K(+) during renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibition have not been available to date, and would be of particular value with the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists that have been shown to reduce mortality in patients with heart failure and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. In this review, we examine the PEARL-HF study, which has tested the combined use of RLY5016, a novel nonabsorbed K(+) binding polymer, with spironolactone in heart failure patients receiving standard care but with previous documented hyperkalemia or chronic kidney disease. RLY5016 significantly lowered serum K(+) levels from baseline relative to placebo, lowered the incidence of hyperkalemia and allowed a higher proportion of heart failure patients to receive spironolactone at a dose of 50 mg/day.
Multi-Channel Transfer Learning of Chest X-ray Images for Screening of COVID-19 (2020)

The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread rapidly all over the world and it is affecting the whole society. The current gold standard test for screening COVID-19 patients is the polymerase chain reaction test. However, the COVID-19 test kits are not widely available and time-consuming. Thus, as an alternative, chest X-rays are being considered for quick screening. Since the presentation of COVID-19 in chest X-rays is varied in features and specialization in reading COVID-19 chest X-rays are required thus limiting its use for diagnosis. To address this challenge of reading chest X-rays by radiologists quickly, we present a multi-channel transfer learning model based on ResNet architecture to facilitate the diagnosis of COVID-19 chest X-ray. Three ResNet-based models (Models a, b, and c) were retrained using Dataset_A (1579 normal and 4429 diseased), Dataset_B (4245 pneumonia and 1763 non-pneumonia), and Dataset_C (184 COVID-19 and 5824 Non-COVID19), respectively, to classify (a) normal or diseased, (b) pneumonia or non-pneumonia, and (c) COVID-19 or non-COVID19. Finally, these three models were ensembled and fine-tuned using Dataset_D (1579 normal, 4245 pneumonia, and 184 COVID-19) to classify normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 cases. Our results show that the ensemble model is more accurate than the single ResNet model, which is also re-trained using Dataset_D as it extracts more relevant semantic features for each class. Our approach provides a precision of 94 % and a recall of 100%. Thus, our method could potentially help clinicians in screening patients for COVID-19, thus facilitating immediate triaging and treatment for better outcomes.
Learning-Based Beam Alignment for Uplink mmWave UAVs (2022)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are the emerging vital components of millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless systems. Accurate beam alignment is essential for efficient beam based mmWave communications of UAVs with base stations (BSs). Conventional beam sweeping approaches often have large overhead due to the high mobility and autonomous operation of UAVs. Learning-based approaches greatly reduce the overhead by leveraging UAV data, like position to identify optimal beam directions. In this paper, we propose a deep Q-Network(DQN)-based framework for uplink UAV-BS beam alignment where the UAV hovers around 5G new radio (NR) BS coverage area, with varying channel conditions. The proposed learning framework uses the location information and maximize the beamforming gain upon every communication request from UAV inside the multi-location environment. We compare the proposed framework against multi-armed bandit (MAB)-based and exhaustive approaches, respectively and then analyse its training performance over different coverage area requirements, antenna configurations and channel conditions. Our results show that the proposed framework converge faster than the MAB-based approach and comparable to traditional exhaustive approach in an online manner under real-time conditions. Moreover, this approach can be further enhanced to predict the optimal beams for unvisited UAV locations inside the coverage using correlation from neighbouring grid locations.
Defective Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Release in the Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) Rat Coincides with Reduced Activity of the Islet Carbon Monoxide Signaling Pathway (2004)

The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat displays a markedly reduced insulin response to glucose, a defect that is thought to be coupled to an impaired glucose signaling in the beta-cell. We have examined whether carbon monoxide (CO), derived from beta-cell heme oxygenase (HO), might be involved in the secretory dysfunction. Immunocytochemical labeling of constitutive HO (HO-2) showed no overt difference in fluorescence pattern in islets from GK vs. Wistar controls. However, isolated islets from GK rats displayed a markedly impaired HO activity measured as CO production (-50%), and immunoblotting revealed an approximately 50% reduction of HO-2 protein expression compared with Wistar controls. Furthermore, there was a prominent expression of inducible HO (HO-1) in GK islets. Incubation of isolated islets showed that the glucose-stimulated CO production and the glucose-stimulated insulin response were considerably reduced in GK islets compared with Wistar islets. Addition of the HO activator hemin or gaseous CO to the incubation media brought about a similar amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin release in GK and Wistar islets, suggesting that distal steps in the HO-CO signaling pathway were not appreciably affected. We conclude that the defective insulin response to glucose in the GK rat can be explained, at least in part, by a marked impairment of the glucose-HO-CO signaling pathway as manifested by a prominent decrease in glucose stimulation of islet CO production and a reduced expression of HO-2. A possible role of HO-1 expression as a compensatory mechanism in the GK islets is presently unclear.
High-Dimensional Nonlinear Diffusion Stochastic Processes (2001)

This book is the first one devoted to high-dimensional (or large-scale) diffusion stochastic processes (DSPs) with nonlinear coefficients. These processes are closely associated with nonlinear Ito's stochastic ordinary differential equations (ISODEs) and with the space-discretized versions of nonlinear Ito's stochastic partial integro-differential equations. The latter models include Ito's stochastic partial differential equations (ISPDEs). The book presents the new analytical treatment which can serve as the basis of a combined, analytical-numerical approach to greater computational efficiency in engineering problems. A few examples discussed in the book include: the high-dimensional DSPs described with the ISODE systems for semiconductor circuits; the nonrandom model for stochastic resonance (and other noise-induced phenomena) in high-dimensional DSPs; the modification of the well-known stochastic-adaptive-interpolation method by means of bases of function spaces; ISPDEs as the tool to consistently model non-Markov phenomena; the ISPDE system for semiconductor devices; the corresponding classification of charge transport in macroscale, mesoscale and microscale semiconductor regions based on the wave-diffusion equation; the fully time-domain nonlinear-friction aware analytical model for the velocity covariance of particle of uniform fluid, simple or dispersed; the specific time-domain analytics for the long, non-exponential tails of the velocity in case of the hard-sphere fluid. These examples demonstrate not only the capabilities of the developed techniques but also emphasize the usefulness of the complex-system-related approaches to solve some problems which have not been solved with the traditional, statistical-physics methods yet. From this veiwpoint, the book can be regarded as a kind of complement to such books as Introduction to the Physics of Complex Systems. The Mesoscopic Approach to Fluctuations, Nonlinearity and Self-Organization by Serra, Andretta, Compiani and Zanarini, Stochastic Dynamical Systems. Concepts, Numerical Methods, Data Analysis and Statistical Physics: An Advanced Approach with Applications by Honerkamp which deal with physics of complex systems, some of the corresponding analysis methods and an innovative, stochastics-based vision of theoretical physics. To facilitate the reading by nonmathematicians, the introductory chapter outlines the basic notions and results of theory of Markov and diffusion stochastic processes without involving the measure-theoretical approach. This presentation is based on probability densities commonly used in engineering and applied sciences.
Comparison of Traditional and Electromechanical Approaches for Structural Anthropometric Data Collection (2001)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a new structural anthropometric measurement approach designed for those who may not have the capability to hold standardized postures. Forty-eight men and women participated in the study. Two trained researchers collected the anthropometric measurements. Twenty anthropometric dimensions were made while participants remained in a preferred or relaxed posture while seated in a wheelchair. In addition, measurements for six (6) anthropometric dimensions were repeated while participants assumed a standard seated anthropometric reference posture. Each researcher made two measurements with an electromechanical device and with an anthropometer or spreading caliper. Mean absolute differences and statistics of agreement between methods, researchers and trials were calculated for each of the anthropometric dimensions. The results of the study indicate that use of an electromechanical device may be a promising alternative to traditional methods of assessment.