gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
E6/E7 Expression of Human Papillomavirus Type 20 (HPV-20) and HPV-27 Influences Proliferation and Differentiation of the Skin in UV-Irradiated SKH-hr1 Transgenic Mice (2006)

ABSTRACT The functional role of UV irradiation, in combination with the E6 and E7 proteins of the cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types in the malignant conversion of benign papillomatous lesions, has not been elucidated. Transgenic SKH-hr1 hairless mice expressing HPV-20 and HPV-27 E6 and E7 proteins in the suprabasal compartment were generated and exposed to chronic UV irradiation. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of skin samples revealed enhanced proliferation of the epidermal layers and papilloma formation in both transgenic strains in comparison to what was observed with nontransgenic mice. Squamous cell carcinoma developed in the HPV-20 E6/E7 transgenic line as well as in the HPV-27 E6/E7 transgenic line. Several weeks after cessation of UV-B exposure, enhanced proliferation, as measured by BrdU incorporation, was maintained only in HPV-20 transgenic skin. Keratin 6 expression was increased in the transgenic mice throughout all cell layers. Expression of the differentiation markers involucrin and loricrin was reduced and disturbed. p63α expression was differentially regulated with high levels of cytoplasmic expression in clusters of cells in the granular layer of the skin in the transgenic lines 20 weeks after cessation of UV-B exposure, in contrast to uninterrupted staining in the nontransgenic lines. p53 was expressed in clusters of cells in nontransgenic and HPV-27 transgenic mice, in contrast to an even distribution in a higher number of cells in HPV-20 transgenic animals.
Precursor frequency analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to pre-erythrocytic antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in West Africa (1997)

Some individuals living in malaria-endemic areas have CTL to Plasmodium falciparum liver stage Ags. We have quantified these CTL responses using limiting dilution analysis studies on the peripheral blood cells of naturally exposed Gambian donors. CTL precursor frequencies were determined to a wide range of epitopes derived from different liver stage Ags (liver stage protein 1, circumsporozoite protein, thrombospondin-related anonymous protein, and sporozoite threonine/asparagine-rich protein) restricted through common HLA alleles present in this population (HLA-A2.1, -A2.2, -B7, -B8, -B35, and B53). Precursor frequencies were between 17 and 98/million PBMC and correlated with the levels of specific lysis in parallel bulk cultures. The quantitative nature of limiting dilution assay analysis revealed varying degrees of immunodominance in the CTL responses to different epitopes within single proteins (thrombospondin related anonymous protein: tr42, tr43, tr26, tr29, and tr39; circumsporozoite protein: cp6, cp26, and cp29) and within individual donors. The temporal stability of some of these CTL responses was determined over a 4-yr period. This is the first quantitative study of CTL specific for any plasmodial species or nonviral pathogen in humans and provides a basis for a multiepitope approach to malaria vaccination.
Creation and nature of optical centres in diamond for single-photon emission—overview and critical remarks (2011)

A huge variety of optical colour centres can be found in diamond, emitting in its whole wide transparency range. Although several of these centres have been demonstrated as single-photon emitters, none of them meets all of the requirements of an ideal single-photon source. In this view, we discuss the properties of prominent optical centres, such as the nitrogen vacancy, the silicon vacancy or the so-called NE8 centre, as well as recently found centres ascribed to defects containing Ni, Si, Cr and Xe. Besides suitable intrinsic properties, it is necessary for practical applications that optical centres can be created artificially on demand. Of all known methods, only ion implantation allows for the most controlled creation of such defect centres. In this paper, we discuss how nanoscalability, that is, the nanometre placement and the deterministic creation of optical centres, can, could or cannot be achieved by the available ion implantation techniques. A fine analysis of individual optical centres is now possible, thanks to the recently developed subdiffraction optical microscopy methods.
Trapezoidal Shape Subwavelength Grating Waveguide Based High Quality Factor Micro-ring Resonator (2016)

We report the design and experimental demonstration of high quality factor, trapezoidal shape subwavelength grating waveguide micro-ring resonators (SWGMRs). A 5 μm radius SWGMR with a quality factor as high as 11,500 has been demonstrated for the first time.
Real time cross-mapping of high dynamic range images (2016)

The ability to deliver high dynamic range (HDR) and wide colour gamut (WCG) imagery is crucial to next generation broadcast. It is a key feature of both DVB UHD-1 Phase 2 and the latest ITU-R recommendation: BT.2100. While this is an important step towards the creation of broadcast HDR-WCG systems, if HDR-WCG production is to be deployed commercially, it is necessary to use a mix of both conventional standard dynamic range (SDR) and HDR cameras in a single HDR-WCG production. It is also necessary to derive a high quality conventional ITU-R BT.709 (SDR with gamma nonlinearity) programme for regular contribution and transmission. Additionally, it is necessary to cross-map SDR programmes, interstitials and adverts into an HDR-WCG service for transmission. This paper describes the techniques that have been developed to perform these transforms to meet broadcast production standards in real-time. These techniques are built on the experience gained in the creation of the first fifty HDR theatrical releases, as well as trials with HDR broadcast productions. Finally, the operational practices to ensure consistency in HDR-WCG production, high quality programme interchange, and a pleasing viewer experience are examined.
A QoS routing algorithm with "domain" link-state information maintenance (2004)

In recent years, various QoS routing algorithms have been proposed to meet the QoS requirement of today's multimedia applications. These algorithms can be divided into two categories: source routing and distributed routing. In this paper, we propose a novel QoS routing algorithm, which is an integration of source routing and distributed routing. We introduce the concept of "domain" which is a set of neighboring nodes and links. Each node has its own "domain" and has the accurate link-state information within its "domain". When a QoS request probe arrives at a node will use the link-state information within its "domain" to calculate where the probe should be forwarded to and the probe forwarding path. By doing so, the message overhead induced by probe forwarding can be reduced significantly but the overhead induced by link-state information update may increase dramatically. However, if the size of the "domain" is chosen properly according to the network topology, our algorithm can reduce the message overhead while maintaining high request admission ratio.
Micro-patterning of a conductive polymer and an insulation polymer using the Parylene lift-off method for electrochromic displays (2011)

We have developed a process to pattern the conductive polymer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film and the insulation polymer of the perfluoro polymer (Cytop) with a Parylene lift-off method for the purpose of fabricating a PEDOT:PSS-based electrochromic display device. Because conventional micro-patterning processes decrease the conductivity of organic electronic polymers due to the destructive solutions of photolithography, PEDOT:PSS and Cytop polymers were patterned by using the dry lift-off film of Parylene. Its patterning resolution of PEDOT:PSS was found to be as low as 20 µm. The insulation layer of Cytop was also patterned on the PEDOT:PSS pattern with the same resolution. This process was able to pattern the 300 µm wide wiring and 1 mm square pixels of PEDOT:PSS and the Cytop to cover the entire area except for the pixels constructed to form an electrochromic display. Finally, the fabricated 4 × 4 pixel device displayed a simple shape, a transverse line.
Technical Note: Collimator angle optimization for multiple brain metastases in dynamic conformal arc treatment planning (2021)

Collimator angle optimization has the potential to reduce the magnitude of the exposed area between lesions in an efficient way for non-isocentric treatments where multiple lesions are treated simultaneously. Dynamic trajectories are capable of limiting the island blocking problem more than optimal fixed trajectories by exploiting the extra degree of freedom of rotating the multileaf collimator. The algorithm can also lead to time saving during the treatment planning process.
Recent work on the fundamentals of catalytic cracking (1983)

A large effort has been directed over many years toward the development of more active, stable and poison-resistant catalysts, and to the development of kinetic models which describe the cracking of complex feed stocks. Although most of this effort has been directed to the solution of practical problems, considerable basic research has also been carried out in this field. For example, a series of test reactions involving pure reactants which undergo typical cracking reactions while yielding very few products has been studied. Such test reactions can be very useful for comparing the activity of different catalysts in a fast and ''clean'' way avoiding problems of definition connected with using industrial gas-oil feeds. Furthermore, because of the relatively small number of products obtained by cracking pure compounds, it is possible to study in detail the various reactions taking place during catalytic cracking. Finally it was hoped that the test reactions would allow us to relate catalytic activity to the nature and number of the active sites and, hence, assist in guiding catalyst development (1-5). We here present a methodology which allows us on the one hand to compare the activity and decay of various catalysts by using the values of ratemore » constants and activation energies of identified primary reactions in the ''cracking'' of pure hydrocarbons and, on the other hand, to compare conclusions from such experiments to cases where the reactant is a gas-oil.« less
YAP/TAZ regulates the expression of proteoglycan 4 and tenascin C in superficial-zone chondrocytes (2020)

The roles of cell division control protein 42 homologue (CDC42) and actin polymerisation in regulating the phenotype of superficial-zone chondrocytes (SZCs) have been demonstrated in vitro; however, the signalling pathway(s) downstream have yet to be fully elucidated. The study hypothesis was that Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) act downstream to regulate proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) and tenascin C (TNC). Bovine SZCs grown in monolayer were treated with ML141 (CDC42 inhibitor) or the actin depolymerising agents, latrunculin B and cytochalasin D, to determine the effect on YAP/TAZ. Verteporfin (YAP/TAZ inhibitor) and YAP/TAZ siRNA-mediated knockdown were used to determine their role in regulating PRG4 and TNC. ML141 treatment reduced total YAP/TAZ protein, nuclear TAZ levels and the YAP/TAZ target gene, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA levels. Latrunculin B decreased nuclear TAZ, while cytochalasin D treatment trended towards increased nuclear TAZ (p = 0.06), correlating with decreased and increased CTGF mRNA levels, respectively. Verteporfin treatment decreased PRG4 and TNC expression, with no effect on actin polymerisation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of YAP/TAZ revealed that PRG4 was regulated by YAP/TAZ while TNC was regulated by TAZ only. As cytochalasin D can activate myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A), siRNA-mediated knockdown was performed to determine the role of MRTF-A in regulating YAP/TAZ. Although nuclear TAZ decreased, no significant changes in total protein levels were observed. Findings suggested that CDC42 and actin polymerisation regulated SZCs through multiple actin-regulated pathways. Understanding the regulation of these chondroprotective molecules may have important implications for prevention/treatment of osteoarthritis.
Data from Efficacy of Anti-mesothelin Immunotoxin RG7787 plus Nab-Paclitaxel against Mesothelioma Patient–Derived Xenografts and Mesothelin as a Biomarker of Tumor Response (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of the reduced immunogenicity anti-mesothelin immunotoxin RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel against primary mesothelioma cell lines and tumor xenografts and the utility of mesothelin as a biomarker of tumor response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Early-passage human malignant mesothelioma cell lines NCI-Meso16, NCI-Meso19, NCI-Meso21, and NCI-Meso29 were evaluated for sensitivity to RG7787 or nab-paclitaxel alone or in combination. In addition, the antitumor activity of RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel was evaluated using NCI-Meso16, NCI-Meso21, and NCI-Meso29 tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Serum mesothelin was measured at different time points to determine whether its levels correlated with tumor response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; All four primary mesothelioma cell lines highly expressed mesothelin with 41 × 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; to 346 × 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; mesothelin sites per cell and were sensitive to RG7787, with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; ranging from 0.3 to 10 ng/mL. Except for NCI-Meso19, these cells were also sensitive to nab-paclitaxel, with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 10 to 25 ng/mL. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt;, RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel led to decreased cell viability compared with either agent alone. In NCI-Meso16 tumor xenografts, treatment with RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel led to sustained complete tumor regressions. Similar antitumor efficacy was observed against NCI-Meso21 and NCI-Meso29 tumor xenografts. In all three tumor xenograft models, changes in human serum mesothelin correlated with response to therapy and were undetectable in mice with complete tumor regression with RG7787 and nab-paclitaxel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel is very active against primary human mesothelioma cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; as well as &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, with serum mesothelin levels correlating with tumor response. These results indicate that this combination could be useful for treating patients with mesothelioma. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1564–74. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Quantitative Immunoassay Utilizing Escherichiacoli Cells Possessing Surface‐Expressed Single Chain Fv Molecules (1996)

A facile, quantitative immunoassay is described that utilizes Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria expressing single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments attached to the cell surface. A Scatchard analysis demonstrated that the antibodies on the surface of the cells retained full binding activity (Kd = 2.2 x 10(-9) M) and that there are 60,000 scFv molecules per cell. The cells are used as the antibody reagent in the assay, and, following incubation with analyte, simple centrifugation is used to separate the antibody-bound from unbound analyte. The immunoassay is rapid and accurate down to the nanomolar level. In addition, a variety of detection strategies can be used, and the immunoassay is not adversely affected by the presence of animal serum. A key advantage of the new immunoassay is that the antibody reagent can be inexpensively produced in a "ready to use" form by simply growing cultures of the bacteria.
Corrigendum to “What Experts Think About Prostate Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Report from the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2021” [Eur Urol 82(1):6–11] (2022)

Patients with advanced prostate cancer (APC) may be at greater risk for severe illness, hospitalisation, or death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to male gender, older age, potential immunosuppressive treatments, or comorbidities. Thus, the optimal management of APC patients during the COVID-19 pandemic is complex. In October 2021, during the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2021, the 73 voting members of the panel members discussed and voted on 13 questions on this topic that could help clinicians make treatment choices during the pandemic. There was a consensus for full COVID-19 vaccination and booster injection in APC patients. Furthermore, the voting results indicate that the expert’s treatment recommendations are influenced by the vaccination status: the COVID-19 pandemic altered management of APC patients for 70% of the panellists before the vaccination was available but only for 25% of panellists for fully vaccinated patients. Most experts (71%) were less likely to use docetaxel and abiraterone in unvaccinated patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. For fully vaccinated patients with high-risk localised prostate cancer, there was a consensus (77%) to follow the usual treatment schedule, whereas in unvaccinated patients, 55% of the panel members voted for deferring radiation therapy. Finally, there was a strong consensus for the use of telemedicine for monitoring APC patients.&#13;\nPatient summary&#13;\nIn the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2021, the panellists reached a consensus regarding the recommendation of the COVID-19 vaccine in prostate cancer patients and use of telemedicine for monitoring these patients.
Model matching based on association graph for form image understanding (2002)

A new method of image understanding for forms based on model matching is proposed in this paper as the basis of OCR which can read a variety of forms. The outline of this method is described as follows. Ruled lines are extracted from the input image of a form. These lines are used for understanding the form, taking into account their feature attributes and the relationships between them. Each line in the input image of a form as expected to correspond to a line in one of the model forms, which are described as structured features. This correspondence is represented by a node in an association graph where an arc represents compatible correspondences established on the basis of feature relationships. The best match is found as the largest maximal clique in the association graph. Experimental results show the method is robust and effective for poor quality document images and also for various styles of forms.
Effect of Interface Mobility on Heat Transfer from SolidHe4toHe3Quasiparticles inHe3-He4Mixtures (1984)

We propose a novel mechanism for Kapitza conductance between phonons in solid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ quasiparticles in dilute $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ liquid mixtures. This conductance is large only when the interface between the liquid and solid is rough. We have measured this conductance using a dynamical method, and have obtained results in agreement with the theory.
A comparison of ground and air source heat pump performance for domestic applications: A case study in Perth, Australia (2021)

This paper aims to assess the efficacy and practical feasibility of implementing a ground source heat pump (GSHP) vis-à-vis an air source heat pump (ASHP) for domestic applications. The outcomes of this comparison are based on monitoring each of those systems installed in two near identical adjacent houses in Perth, Western Australia. The former house has an open-loop groundwater system. There is one family in each house whose operational requirements of the air conditioning system were independent. Data collected from both houses over 2 years was used to determine the cooling capacities delivered and coefficient of performance (COP), as a function of seasonal variations of ambient conditions. It was observed that the COP of the GSHP system was higher than that of the ASHP system for both heating and cooling. Further, these two performance parameters were independent of ambient conditions in the former whereas they show a perceivable ambient dependent trend in the latter. For heating, the GSHP had an average COP of 3.9, independent of outdoor temperatures, while the COP of the ASHP was in a range of 1.9 to 2.9. Likewise, for cooling, the GSHP had an average COP of 3.1 while the COP of the ASHP varied between 1.3 and 2.8. It is concluded that if a borewell is a part of a dwelling, GSHPs result in considerable operating cost savings and a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. HIGHLIGHTS Residential ground source heat pump (GSHP) outperforms air source heat pump (ASHP). Immunity of GSHP to ambient temperature variations while heating or cooling. GSHP operates with higher efficiencies. GSHP in tandem with garden bores is economically and environmentally favourable.
γ-Irradiation Stability of Saturated and Unsaturated Aliphatic Polyanhydrides−Ricinoleic Acid Based Polymers (2001)

The effect of terminal sterilization by gamma-irradiation on several ricinoleic acid based polyanhydrides was investigated. The following polymers were used: poly(ricinoleic acid maleate) [P(RAM)], poly(ricinoleic acid succinate) [P(RAS)], poly(hydroxy stearic acid succinate) [P(HSAS)], poly(hydroxy stearic acid maleate) [P(HSAM)], and their copolymers with sebacic acid. The polymers were irradiated with an absorbed dose of 2.5 or 10 Mrad by means of a 60Co source under dry ice or at room temperature. No differences were found between samples irradiated under dry ice and at room temperature. Polymers prepared from monomers containing maleate residues, which contain double bonds adjusted to the anhydride linkage along the polymer chain, decreased in molecular weight, became insoluble, and showed fast hydrolytic degradation. For example, p(RAM), p(HSAM), and their copolymers with sebacic acid decreased in Mw from about 10,000 to about 2000, and from about 30,000 to about 5000, respectively, while polymers based on RAS and HSAS remained stable. This phenomenon was explained by an anhydride interchange-self-depolymerization process of the unsaturated anhydride bonds induced by gamma-irradiation. This explanation was supported by the depolymerization of another class of polymers having an anhydride bond between two double bonds, fumaric acid anhydride polymers. The anhydride bond that lies between two double bonds was found to be more sensitive to gamma-irradiation. This anhydride bond may be cleaved to form two radicals that further react with aliphatic anhydride bonds along the polymer chain to form inter- and/or intracyclization products.
Dielectric Properties at Millimeter‐Wave and THz Bands (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Dielectric Characterization Outside the THz Gap – Material Characterization Techniques THz TDS (∼0.1–10 THz) Dielectric Properties References