gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic responses and benefits of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor ligands (2021)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that has undergone a revolutionary turnaround from discovery to clinically approved therapeutic. Rapid progress in drug design and formulation has led from initial development of short- and long-acting drugs suitable for daily or weekly parenteral administration, respectively, through to the most recent approval of an orally active GLP-1 agent. The current review outlines the biological action profile of GLP-1 including the various beneficial metabolic responses in pancreatic and extra-pancreatic tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, bone and kidney as well as the reproductive cardiovascular and CNS. We then briefly consider clinically approved GLP-1 receptor ligands and recent advances in this field. Given the sustained evolution in the area of GLP-1 drug development and excellent safety profile, as well as the plethora of metabolic benefits, clinical approval for use in diseases beyond diabetes and obesity is very much conceivable. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on GLP1 receptor ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issuetoc.
Technical Breakthroughs in the Wearable Artificial Kidney (WAK) (2009)

Half-cycle differences between blood and dialysate, alternating transmembrane pressures (TMP), higher amplitude pulsations, and a push-pull flow increased convective transport. This creates a yet undescribed type of hemodiafiltration. Further improvements were achieved with a larger surface area high-flux dialyzer and a higher dialysate pH. The data suggest that the WAK might be an efficient way of providing daily dialysis and optimizing end stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment.
Guided Evolutionary Strategies: Escaping the curse of dimensionality in random search (2018)

Many applications in machine learning require optimizing a function whose true gradient is unknown, but where surrogate gradient information (directions that may be correlated with, but not necessarily identical to, the true gradient) is available instead. This arises when an approximate gradient is easier to compute than the full gradient (e.g. in meta-learning or unrolled optimization), or when a true gradient is intractable and is replaced with a surrogate (e.g. in certain reinforcement learning applications, or when using synthetic gradients). We propose Guided Evolutionary Strategies, a method for optimally using surrogate gradient directions along with random search. We define a search distribution for evolutionary strategies that is elongated along a guiding subspace spanned by the surrogate gradients. This allows us to estimate a descent direction which can then be passed to a first-order optimizer. We analytically and numerically characterize the tradeoffs that result from tuning how strongly the search distribution is stretched along the guiding subspace, and we use this to derive a setting of the hyperparameters that works well across problems. Finally, we apply our method to example problems including truncated unrolled optimization and a synthetic gradient problem, demonstrating improvement over both standard evolutionary strategies and first-order methods that directly follow the surrogate gradient. We provide a demo of Guided ES at this https URL
Preparation and reactions of new carbanions (1980)

This item was digitized from a paper original and/or a microfilm copy. If you need higher-resolution images for any content in this item, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
Probability distribution and new scaling law for the resistance of a one-dimensional Anderson model (1981)

The exact probability distributions of the resistance $\ensuremath{\rho}$, the conductance, and $\mathrm{ln}(1+\ensuremath{\rho})$ are calculated for the 1D Anderson model with purely off-diagonal disorder at $E=0$. Analysis of the distribution yields the surprising results that $〈\ensuremath{\rho}〉$ grows exponentially with length, despite previous studies indicating that the state at $E=0$ is extended, and the typical resistance $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}$ increases as $\mathrm{exp}({L}^{\frac{1}{2}})$. The relationship between this behavior and the temperature dependence of the resistance of thin wires is discussed.
Making Air Quality Data Meaningful (2020)

Air pollution causes several million deaths every year. Increasing public awareness through the deployment of devices that sense air quality may be a promising step in addressing the problem; however, these wholly objective device measurements may not capture the nuanced and lived experiences people have with the air, which are often colored by perceptions, histories, imaginations, and the sociopolitical context in which people live. The gap between objective environmental realities and individuals' subjective experiences of the environment may make it difficult to form meaning from data, hindering the positive policy outcomes that they are intended to produce. To bridge this gap, we conducted a two-phase design fieldwork to obtain an empirical understanding of the rich contours of experiences people have with the air and outline design strategies in making air quality data meaningful.
Anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel phantom for shear wave elastography in fibrous biological soft tissue: a multimodality characterization (2014)

Shear wave elastography imaging techniques provide quantitative measurement of soft tissues elastic properties. Tendons, muscles and cerebral tissues are composed of fibers, which induce a strong anisotropic effect on the mechanical behavior. Currently, these tissues cannot be accurately represented by existing elastography phantoms. Recently, a novel approach for orthotropic hydrogel mimicking soft tissues has been developed (Millon et al 2006 J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B 305-11). The mechanical anisotropy is induced in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel by stretching the physical crosslinks of the polymeric chains while undergoing freeze/thaw cycles. In the present study we propose an original multimodality imaging characterization of this new transverse isotropic (TI) PVA hydrogel. Multiple properties were investigated using a large variety of techniques at different scales compared with an isotropic PVA hydrogel undergoing similar imaging and rheology protocols. The anisotropic mechanical (dynamic and static) properties were studied using supersonic shear wave imaging technique, full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) strain imaging and classical linear rheometry using dynamic mechanical analysis. The anisotropic optical and ultrasonic spatial coherence properties were measured by FFOCT volumetric imaging and backscatter tensor imaging, respectively. Correlation of mechanical and optical properties demonstrates the complementarity of these techniques for the study of anisotropy on a multi-scale range as well as the potential of this TI phantom as fibrous tissue-mimicking phantom for shear wave elastographic applications.
Characterization of Hydrogel Films with Reflective Colors Templated by Colloidal Crystals (2022)

In this report, we successfully fabricated the temperature-responsive porous gel film by templating the colloidal crystal (CC) film of silica microparticles embedded in a hydrogel matrix of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPA). As elevating the temperature from 25 ℃, this porous gel film showed the color changes of Bragg reflection from red to blue, arising from the geometric decrease in the lattice spacing of pores caused by the shrinkage of NIPA gel matrix upon heating process. Such reflection color changes of the porous gel film were found to be fully reversible in the temperature range between 26 ℃ and 33 ℃. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements suggested that the silica microparticles of CC film are thoroughly removed after treatment with hydrofluoric acid, thereby resulting in the formation of porous NIPA gel film without the silica component. This report provides a promising protocol to check the residual silica microparticles in porous gel films by both FT-IR and TGA measurements.
On the shadowing and limit shadowing properties (2017)

We study the relation between the shadowing property and the limit shadowing property. We prove that if a continuous self-map $f$ of a compact metric space has the limit shadowing property, then the restriction of $f$ to the non-wandering set satisfies the shadowing property. As an application, we prove the equivalence of the two shadowing properties for equicontinuous maps.
Dielectric Relaxation in Dimethyl Sulfoxide/Water Mixtures (2010)

Dielectric spectra of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water mixtures, over the entire concentration range, were measured using the transmission line method at frequencies from 45 MHz to 26 GHz and at temperatures of 298-318 K. The relaxation times of the mixtures showed a maximum at an intermediate molar fraction of DMSO. A water structure "breaking effect", manifested by a reduced average number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule, was observed in dilute aqueous solutions based on the dielectric relaxation dynamics analysis. The increase in the dielectric relaxation time in DMSO/water mixtures was attributed to the spatial (steric) constraints of DMSO molecules on the hydrogen bond network, rather than being due to hydrophobic hydration of the methyl groups. The interactions between water and DMSO molecules in DMSO-rich mixtures are also discussed.
Molecular Background of the Finnish Disease Heritage (1997)

Finland has a population with a history revealing features of founder effect, genetic drift and isolation. Relatively small founder populations have slowly inhabited a large country and internal isolates have developed within Finland. This is reflected even today in the regional enrichment of some diseases belonging to the Finnish disease heritage. This concept was launched before the DNA era by skillful clinicians and today it comprises some 30 diseases with a wide variety of clinical phenotypes. Special strategies have been adapted in the initial locus assignment and in the restriction of the critical chromosomal DNA region having so far resulted in the successful isolation of 11 disease genes. Detailed analyses of these disease genes and their function have provided new insights into the structure and function of defective proteins as well as into the biology of affected tissues.
Extension of nanoconfined DNA: Quantitative comparison between experiment and theory (2015)

The extension of DNA confined to nanochannels has been studied intensively and in detail. However, quantitative comparisons between experiments and model calculations are difficult because most theoretical predictions involve undetermined prefactors, and because the model parameters (contour length, Kuhn length, effective width) are difficult to compute reliably, leading to substantial uncertainties. Here we use a recent asymptotically exact theory for the DNA extension in the "extended de Gennes regime" that allows us to compare experimental results with theory. For this purpose, we performed experiments measuring the mean DNA extension and its standard deviation while varying the channel geometry, dye intercalation ratio, and ionic strength of the buffer. The experimental results agree very well with theory at high ionic strengths, indicating that the model parameters are reliable. At low ionic strengths, the agreement is less good. We discuss possible reasons. In principle, our approach allows us to measure the Kuhn length and the effective width of a single DNA molecule and more generally of semiflexible polymers in solution.
Early clearance versus control: what is the meaning of a negative tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis? (2018)

The elimination of tuberculosis (TB) cannot reasonably be achieved by treatment of individual cases and will require an improved vaccine or immunotherapy. A challenge in developing an improved TB vaccine has been the lack of understanding what is needed to generate sterilizing immunity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb) infection. Several epidemiological observations support the hypothesis that humans can eradicate Mtb following exposure. This has been termed early clearance and is defined as elimination of Mtb infection prior to the development of an adaptive immune response, as measured by a tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay. Here, we examine research into the likelihood of and possible mechanisms responsible for early clearance in household contacts of patients with active TB. We explore both innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung. Enhanced understanding of these mechanisms could be harnessed for the development of a preventative vaccine or immunotherapy.
Cationic Metallocene Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters for Ion Pair Formation, Dissociation, and Reorganization (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCationic Metallocene Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters for Ion Pair Formation, Dissociation, and ReorganizationPaul A. Deck and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 22, 6128–6129Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00127a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00127a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views556Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estimating top-of-atmosphere thermal infrared radiance using MERRA-2 atmospheric data (2017)

Thermal infrared satellite images have been widely used in environmental studies. However, satellites have limited temporal resolution, e.g., 16 day Landsat or 1 to 2 day Terra MODIS. This paper investigates the use of the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data product, produced by NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) to predict global topof-atmosphere (TOA) thermal infrared radiance. The high temporal resolution of the MERRA-2 data product presents opportunities for novel research and applications. Various methods were applied to estimate TOA radiance from MERRA-2 variables namely (1) a parameterized physics based method, (2) Linear regression models and (3) non-linear Support Vector Regression. Model prediction accuracy was evaluated using temporally and spatially coincident Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal infrared data as reference data. This research found that Support Vector Regression with a radial basis function kernel produced the lowest error rates. Sources of errors are discussed and defined. Further research is currently being conducted to train deep learning models to predict TOA thermal radiance
Increase in terahertz-wave generation by difference frequency mixing by the overlap of exciton states in different GaAs/AlAs quantum wells and spectroscopic measurements (2021)

Intense terahertz-wave emission in the higher frequency region can result in various applications such as terahertz spectroscopy and ultrafast data communication. In this study, an increase in terahertz waves by the overlap of exciton states in different quantum wells and spectroscopic demonstration are reported. The excitation energy dependence of signal intensity shows the effect of the overlap. The signals measured under the condition of square dependence of intensity on the excitation power indicate interference with the periods corresponding to the laser energy difference. Furthermore, the absorption coefficient of the transparent sheet is obtained at specific frequency. These results indicate that the generation of intense terahertz waves at various frequencies using excitons is possible and that difference frequency mixing is a useful terahertz-wave source.
Effects of circular and linear polarized antennas on wideband propagation parameters in indoor radio channels (2002)

Results are presented from an experiment that used a variety of antennas inside two buildings. An important result is that directional circularly polarized (CP) antennas reduce RMS delay spreads when compared with omnidirectional and directional linearly polarized (LP) antennas at identical locations. The variation of RMS delay spread over distances of several wavelengths is also greatly reduced when CP antennas are used in place of LP antennas with similar gains.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The internet needs a competitive, royalty-free video codec (2017)

The internet needs a competitive, royalty-free video codec james bankoski, matthew frost and adrian grangeIn this paper, we present the argument in favor of an open source, a royalty-free video codec that will keep pace with the evolution of video traffic.Additionally, we argue that the availability of a state-of-the-art, royalty-free codec levels the playing field, allowing small content owners, and application developers to compete with the larger companies that operate in this space.
Microarrayed recombinant allergens for diagnosis of allergy (2003)

We suggest that the coapplication of recombinant allergens and microarray technology can lead to the development of new forms of multi-allergen tests which allow the determining and monitoring of complex sensitization profiles of allergic patients in single assays. The allergen extracts which have so far been used for diagnosis only allowed the determining of whether an allergic patient is sensitized against a particular allergen source, but the disease-eliciting allergens could not be identified. Through the application of recombinant DNA technology a rapidly growing panel of recombinant allergen molecules has become available which meanwhile comprises the epitope spectrum of most of the important allergen sources. We demonstrate that microarray technology can be used to establish multi-allergen tests consisting of microarrayed recombinant allergen molecules. Microarrayed recombinant allergens can be used to determine and monitor the profile of disease-eliciting allergens using single tests that require minute amounts of serum from allergic patients. The wealth of diagnostic information gained through microarray-based allergy testing will likely improve diagnosis, prevention and treatment of allergy.
Flow‐metabolism coupling in human visual, motor, and supplementary motor areas assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (2007)

Combined blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) functional MRI (fMRI) was performed for simultaneous investigation of neurovascular coupling in the primary visual cortex (PVC), primary motor cortex (PMC), and supplementary motor area (SMA). The hypercapnia-calibrated method was employed to estimate the fractional change in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMR(O2)) using both a group-average and a per-subject calibration. The group-averaged calibration showed significantly different CMR(O2)-CBF coupling ratios in the three regions (PVC: 0.34 +/- 0.03; PMC: 0.24 +/- 0.03; and SMA: 0.40 +/- 0.02). Part of this difference emerges from the calculated values of the hypercapnic calibration constant M in each region (M(PVC) = 6.6 +/- 3.4, M(PMC) = 4.3 +/- 3.5, and M(SMA) = 7.2 +/- 4.1), while a relatively minor part comes from the spread and shape of the sensorimotor BOLD-CBF responses. The averages of the per-subject calibrated CMR(O2)-CBF slopes were 0.40 +/- 0.04 (PVC), 0.31 +/- 0.03 (PMC), and 0.44 +/- 0.03 (SMA). These results are 10-30% higher than group-calibrated values, and are potentially more useful for quantifying individual differences in focal functional responses. The group-average calibrated motor coupling value is increased to 0.28 +/- 0.03 when stimulus-correlated increases in end-tidal CO(2) are included. Our results support the existence of regional differences in neurovascular coupling, and argue for the importance of achieving optimal accuracy in hypercapnia calibrations to resolve method-dependent variations in published results.
Keynote Speakers (2018)

Provides an abstract for each of the keynote presentations and may include a brief professional biography of each presenter. The complete presentations were not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Consumer video understanding (2011)

Recognizing visual content in unconstrained videos has become a very important problem for many applications. Existing corpora for video analysis lack scale and/or content diversity, and thus limited the needed progress in this critical area. In this paper, we describe and release a new database called CCV, containing 9,317 web videos over 20 semantic categories, including events like "baseball" and "parade", scenes like "beach", and objects like "cat". The database was collected with extra care to ensure relevance to consumer interest and originality of video content without post-editing. Such videos typically have very little textual annotation and thus can benefit from the development of automatic content analysis techniques.
Hybrid integrated tunable optical transmitter subsystem on a chip (2002)

The need for tunable optical transmitters in optical networking is growing at a rapid rate. A tunable optical transmitter is the combination of a tunable laser, an isolator, and a modulator. Although today lasers and modulators could be integrated together on a single chip, an integrated component of this type would not be useful because the absence of an isolator between the two elements would cause optical reflections to reach the laser, leading to a high level of frequency chirp and relaxation oscillations. Therefore discrete external modulators are used, and lasers are coupled to them through discrete optical isolators. We report on recent developments in integrated active, thermo-optic, magneto-optic and electro-optic technologies that enable the production of a fully integrated tunable transmitter. This transmitter consists of a planar polymer waveguide circuit that is built on a silicon chip and in which films of a variety of materials are embedded. This subsystem on a chip includes a laser chip coupled to a thermo-optically tunable planar polymeric filter resulting in a tunable external cavity laser; an integrated magneto-optic isolator consisting of a planar polymer waveguide with inserted thin films of yttrium iron garnet for Faraday rotation, crystal ion sliced LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> for half-wave retardation, and polarizers; and an electro-optic modulator consisting of a crystal ion sliced LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> thin film patterned with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and grafted into the polymer circuit, capable of operating with less than 5 Volts at modulation speeds up to 40 Ghz.