gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Special Topic on Cryogenic Semiconductor Devices and Circuits for Computing (2021)

The Decadal Plan for Semiconductors <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> has identified cryogenic computing as one of the research priorities that can help us meet the needs of future generations. Indeed, cryogenic semiconductor electronics is expected to have a rebirth due to advances in quantum computing, medical and scientific instrumentation, aviation, space exploration, and so on. Emerging materials and physics can be leveraged for new cryogenic device-inherent behavior that can have system-level benefits. Cryogenic semiconductor devices, including transistors, emerging resistive memories, and other device types as the basis, can innovate the entire computing stack from materials to systems and thus redefine how computation can be done. Looking forward, the realm of cryogenic electronics is inspired by the new and continually emerging understanding of cryogenic semiconductor physics applications.
Aminoglycoside uptake and mode of action—with special reference to streptomycin and gentamicin (1981)

Journal Article Aminoglycoside uptake and mode of action—with special reference to streptomycin and gentamicin: I. Antagonists and mutants Get access Robert E. W. Hancock Robert E. W. Hancock Department of Microbiology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, B.C., Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 8, Issue 4, October 1981, Pages 249–276, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/8.4.249 Published: 01 October 1981
The 3′ Overhangs at Tetrahymena thermophila Telomeres Are Packaged by Four Proteins, Pot1a, Tpt1, Pat1, and Pat2 (2013)

Although studies with the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila have played a central role in advancing our understanding of telomere biology and telomerase mechanisms and composition, the full complement of Tetrahymena telomere proteins has not yet been identified. Previously, we demonstrated that in Tetrahymena, the telomeric 3' overhang is protected by a three-protein complex composed of Pot1a, Tpt1, and Pat1. Here we show that Tpt1 and Pat1 associate with a fourth protein, Pat2 (Pot1 associated Tetrahymena 2). Mass spectrometry of proteins copurifying with Pat1 or Tpt1 identified peptides from Pat2, Pot1a, Tpt1, and Pat1. The lack of other proteins copurifying with Pat1 or Tpt1 implies that the overhang is protected by a four-protein Pot1a-Tpt1-Pat1-Pat2 complex. We verified that Pat2 localizes to telomeres, but we were unable to detect direct binding to telomeric DNA. Cells depleted of Pat2 continue to divide, but the telomeres exhibit gradual shortening. The lack of growth arrest indicates that, in contrast to Pot1a and Tpt1, Pat2 is not required for the sequestration of the telomere from the DNA repair machinery. Instead, Pat2 is needed to regulate telomere length, most likely by acting in conjunction with Pat1 to allow telomerase access to the telomere.
Application Enabled COllaborative NETworking Gap Analysis (2014)

Identification and treatment of application flows have become more and
more important for network operators. In order to efficiently
distinguish ICPs' traffic, coordination between ISPs and ICPs is
required. IP flow identification can be based on ICPs' traffic
carrying some mutually agreed identifiers. This document analyzes the
technical gap between the current network functions and required
network capability to enable such functionality.
Millimeter Accuracy of RTK Positioning Employing Helix Antennas with Cutoff Patterns (2016)

Helical antennas suitable for practical positioning at mm level have been developed. The antennas possess a cutoff pattern with 20 dB of ground multipath suppression starting from 10 degrees elevation and low total noise figure. They are shaped as a 3 cm-diameter tube, 40 cm high. In open sky conditions, a special version of RTK engine has shown 3 times growth of the contrast ratio versus the common Choke Ring antennas. Dynamic tests have proved that by smoothing out the noise component of the error, the RMS of positioning in vertical coordinate on the 1 mm level is achievable.
The Dynamics of a Doubly Clamped Microbeam Near the Primary Resonance: Experimental and Analytical Investigation (2015)

We present experimental and analytical investigation of the dynamics of a doubly clamped microbeam near its primary resonance. The microbeam is excited electrostatically by an electrode on the first half of the beam. These microbeams are fabricated using polyimide as structural layer coated with nickel from top and chromium and gold layers from bottom. A noise signal is applied to experimentally detect the natural frequencies. Then, frequency sweep tests are generated for various values of DC bias revealing hardening, transition, and softening behavior of the microbeam. We report for the first time the transition from lower stable state, to unstable state, and then to large stable state experimentally. A multi-mode Galerkin method is used to develop a reduced order model (ROM) of the beam. Shooting method is used to find the periodic motion and is utilized to generate frequency response curves. The curves show good agreement with the experimental results with hardening behavior at lower DC voltage then softening at higher voltage loads and dynamic pull-in.
Three-Dimensional Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Using Continuous-Wave Light (2009)

Charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond are excellent luminescence sources for far-field fluorescence nanoscopy by stimulated emission depletion (STED). Here we show that these photostable color centers can be visualized by STED using simple continuous-wave or high repetition pulsed lasers (76 MHz) at wavelengths >700 nm for STED. Furthermore, we show that NV centers can be imaged in three dimensions (3D) inside the diamond crystal and present single-photon signatures of single color centers recorded in high density samples, demonstrating a new recording scheme for STED and related far-field nanoscopy approaches. Finally, we exemplify the potential of using nanodiamonds containing NV centers as luminescence tags in STED microscopy. Our results offer new experimental avenues in nanooptics, nanotechnology, and the life sciences.
In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing (2020)

Laser beam-based deposition methods such as laser cladding or additive manufacturing of metals promises improved properties, performance, and reliability of the materials and therefore rely heavily on understanding the relationship between chemical composition, rapid solidification processing conditions, and resulting microstructural features. In this work, the phase formation of four Ni-Cr-Si alloys was studied as a function of cooling rate and chemical composition using a liquid droplet rapid solidification technique. Post mortem x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ synchrotron microbeam X-ray diffraction shows the present and evolution of the rapidly solidified microstructures. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared to standard laser deposition tests. In situ microbeam diffraction revealed that due to rapid cooling and an increasing amount of Cr and Si, metastable high-temperature silicides remain in the final microstructure. Due to more sluggish interface kinetics of intermetallic compounds than that of disorder solid solution, an anomalous eutectic structure becomes dominant over the regular lamellar microstructure at high cooling rates. The rapid solidification experiments produced a microstructure similar to the one generated in laser coating thus confirming that this rapid solidification test allows a rapid pre-screening of alloys suitable for laser beam-based processing techniques.
Three-terminal laser structures for high-speed modulation using variable carrier heating (1996)

Concept, basic physics and modeling results of a novel modulation technique, associated with a variable heating of the electron-hole plasma in the active region of a lasing device, are reviewed with respect to the ultimately high-speed performance of semiconductor lasers. It is shown, that independent control of the plasma concentration and temperature provides a way for generating the picosecond gain-switched optical pulses and multi-Gbit/s modulation with, optionally, no parasitic frequency chirp. To practically realize this method, three-terminal laser structures are suggested, in which two bias voltages are intended to drive the pumping rate and the energy, yielded in the active region plasma as a result of injecting a single electron.
Hierarchical mode search with classification of bisectional prediction modes based on the position of motion boundary (2005)

Video coding schemes, equipped with various kinds of prediction modes, improve coding efficiency by offering efficient prediction modes that adapt to the motion in a macroblock (MB). Operation time for motion estimation and mode selection, on the other hand, increases with the number of prediction modes. We have proposed a motion compensated prediction method (arbitrary-shape partitioning motion compensation: APMC) equipped with various inter prediction modes which adapts to the motion boundary of objects on an MB basis. This paper confirms the coding efficiency of APMC in comparison to the final specification of H.264/AVC and introduces a method to improve the computational performance of APMC by using a hierarchical mode search method based on motion boundary position within MBs. Simulation results show that APMC improves coding efficiency by about 5% in comparison with the final specification of H.264/AVC, and the proposed hierarchical mode search method decreases the operation time to about 60%, while maintaining the coding efficiency.
Understanding the consistency of users' pen and finger stroke gesture articulation (2013)

Figure 1: Nearly one thousand executions for the “person ” symbol [46], performed by 34 users, with 52 different production patterns identified. These samples represent just 2.5 % of the total number of 40,305 gestures that we analyzed for this study. NOTE: colors show stroke ordering and were automatically produced by GECKo, a gesture clustering toolkit that we release as a companion software application to this study. Little work has been done on understanding the articulation patterns of users ’ touch and surface gestures, despite the importance of such knowledge to inform the design of gesture recognizers and gesture sets for different applications. We report a methodology to ana-lyze user consistency in gesture production, both between-users and within-user, by employing articulation features such as stroke type, stroke direction, and stroke ordering, and by measuring variations in execution with geometric and kinematic gesture descriptors. We report results on four gesture datasets (40,305 samples of 63 gesture types by 113 users). We find a high degree of consistency within-users (.91), lower consistency between-users (.55), higher consis-tency for certain gestures (e.g., less geometrically complex shapes are more consistent than complex ones), and a loglinear relationship between number of strokes and consistency. We highlight implica-tions of our results to help designers create better surface gesture interfaces informed by user behavior. Index Terms: H.5.2 [Information interfaces and presentation (e.g., HCI)]: User interfaces-input devices and strategies.
Development and validation of a mutivariate model combining cell cycle progression score with CAPRA to predict prostate cancer mortality in a conservatively managed cohort. (2013)

67 Background: Prostate cancer outcomes are variable and difficult to predict. Improved tools are needed to appropriately match treatment to a patient’s risk of progression. We developed and validated a multivariate model to predict disease−specific mortality (DSM) by combining clinical parameters (CAPRA score) with a score based on measuring the expression level of cell cycle progression (CCP) genes. Methods: A multivariate prediction model was trained using patients from 4 retrospective cohorts with median clinical follow up of 7.6 years. We used 200 men from the UK diagnosed after TURP, 353 from Scott &amp; White and 388 from UCSF treated with radical prostatectomy, and 118 men from Durham VA treated with EBRT. CCP score was derived from fixed tumor tissue (biopsy or surgical resection). Outcome was either time from treatment to biochemical recurrence (US cohorts) or time from diagnosis to disease specific mortality (UK cohort). The model was validated for predicting time from diagnosis to DSM in 180 men from the UK diagnosed by needle biopsy with clinically localized prostate cancer and managed conservatively (mean/median CAPRA score = 6). Results: A model combining CAPRA with CCP score was fit in the training set by a Cox Proportional Hazards analysis stratified by cohort. The Combined score was defined as 0.39*CAPRA+0.57*CCP score. There were no significant interactions between cohort and CAPRA or CCP score. This suggests that both CCP score and CAPRA confer similar prognostic information regardless of cohort composition, treatment, or specific outcome. In the validation cohort the Combined score was highly prognostic (HR= 2.27, 95%CI: (1.63, 3.16), p = 1.2 x 10−7). By likelihood ratio testing, the Combined score was a better predictor of DSM than CAPRA alone (p = 0.0028). The c−index of the Combined score was 0.75, which was an improvement over CAPRA (c−index 0.71). Conclusions: This multivariate model predicts DSM in a conservatively treated cohort. The model provides prognostic information beyond clinical variables, and can be used to help differentiate aggressive from indolent cancer at diagnosis.
Brownian Gossip: Exploiting Node Mobility to Diffuse Information in Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Several network services, including routing, resource-discovery, etc., require the knowledge of a node's location, before invoking their respective algorithms. Locating a node is a challenging problem in large-scale ad hoc networks, especially when the nodes are mobile. Initial approaches to learn a node's location relied on flooding a query in the network. In view of the large overheads of flooding, gossiping was later proposed as a scalable alternative. With gossiping, each node probabilistically forwards the query. Research findings show that for carefully chosen gossip probabilities, the query is very likely to reach the destination. While gossiping is a random propagation of a specific information, a similar effect might be achieved if nodes move randomly carrying the same information in their local caches. Thus, a node's location information can diffuse into the network via node mobility, as opposed to wireless transmissions that incur bandwidth. If these mobile nodes lend their caches to be queried by its neighborhood, a distributed location estimation service can be envisioned. Clearly, wireless transmission and physical mobility appear to be two modes of information transportation. While each have been studied individually, there has been little work on the possibility of combining them. For example, mobile nodes that gossip with each other periodically, may achieve percolation at significantly lower overheads. This paper investigates the combined potential of gossip and random (Brownian) node mobility. We argue that using such a combined strategy, it might be possible to design a scalable location service for mobile networks, over which several other applications can be developed, including geographic routing, resource discovery, etc
Methylation and chlorination of internal olefins with trimethylaluminum and hydrogen chloride (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethylation and chlorination of internal olefins with trimethylaluminum and hydrogen chlorideJoseph P. Kennedy and S. SivaramCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 12, 2262–2264Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00952a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00952a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lateral osteophytes do not represent a contraindication to medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a 15-year follow-up (2016)

IV.
A Rapid and Simple Diagnostic Test for Active Visceral Leishmaniasis (1991)

We have developed an immunodot assay for the serodiagnosis of active visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) which utilizes protein A colloidal gold as the visualizing agent. The test is simple, requires few reagents, and can be completed in two hours. It is sensitive and specific for active visceral leishmaniasis, and generally correlates with the ELISA. Either whole blood or sera in minute quantities may be used as test antibody. In addition, the use of the protein A gold immunodot is shown to detect anti-leishmania antibodies in infected dogs.
Addressing supply chain risks of microelectronic devices through computer vision (2017)

Microelectronics are at the heart of nearly all modern devices, ranging from small embedded integrated circuits (ICs) inside household products to complex microprocessors that power critical infrastructure systems. Devices often consist of numerous ICs from a variety of different manufacturers and procured through different vendors, all of whom may be trusted to varying degrees. Ensuring the quality, safety, and security of these components is a critical challenge. One possible solution is to use automated imaging techniques to check devices' physical appearance against known reference models in order to detect counterfeit or malicious components. This analysis can be performed at both a macro level (i.e., ensuring that the packaging of the IC appears legitimate and undamaged) and a micro level (i.e., comparing microscopic, transistor-level imagery of the circuit itself to detect suspicious deviations from a reference model). This latter analysis in particular is very challenging, considering that modern devices can contain billions of transistors. In this paper, we review the problem of microelectronics counterfeiting, discuss the potential application of computer vision to microelectronics inspection, present initial results, and recommend directions for future work.
Funktionelle organische Materialien auf der Basis polymerisierter flüssigkristalliner Monomere: supramolekulare wasserstoffverbrückte Systeme (2012)

Abstract Funktionelle organische Materialien sind von großem Interesse für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen. Um funktionelle Eigenschaften gezielt einstellen zu können, benötigt man wohldefinierte hierarchisch geordnete supramolekulare Materialien. Die Selbstorganisation von Flüssigkristallen hat sich als ein extrem nützliches Werkzeug für die Entwicklung nanostrukturierter Materialien bewährt. Wir wählen das anschauliche Beispiel photopolymerisierbarer wasserstoffverbrückter Mesogene, um zu zeigen, dass eine breite Vielfalt funktioneller Materialien aus einem relativ einfachen Satz von Bausteinen hergestellt werden kann. Durch Umsetzung dieser Verbindungen mit anderen reaktiven Mesogenen können nematische, chirale nematische und smektische oder kolumnare flüssigkristalline Phasen gebildet werden, die als Aktuatoren, Sensoren, responsive Reflektoren und nanoporöse Membranen genutzt werden können.
Detection and confirmation of fentanyls in high clay‐content soil by electron ionization gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (2023)

Detection of illicit drugs in the environment, particularly in soils, often suggests the present or past location of a clandestine production center for these substances. Thus, development of efficient methods for the analysis and detection of these chemicals is of paramount importance in the field of chemical forensics. In this work, a method involving the extraction and retrospective confirmation of fentanyl, acetylfentanyl, thiofentanyl, and acetylthiofentanyl using trichloroethoxycarbonylation chemistry in a high clay-content soil is presented. The soil was spiked separately with each fentanyl at two concentrations (1 and 10 μg/g) and their extraction accomplished using ethyl acetate and aqueous NH<sub>4</sub> OH (pH ~ 11.4) with extraction recoveries ranging from ~56% to 82% for the high-concentration (10 μg/g) samples while ranging from ~68% to 83% for the low-concentration (1 μg/g) samples. After their extraction, residues containing each fentanyl were reacted with 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl chloride (Troc-Cl) to generate two unique and predictable products from each opioid that can be used to retrospectively confirm their presence and identity using EI-GC-MS. The method's limit of detection (MDL/LOD) for Troc-norfentanyl and Troc-noracetylfentanyl were estimated to be 29.4 and 31.8 ng/mL in the organic extracts. In addition, the method's limit of quantitation for Troc-norfentanyl and Troc-noracetylfentanyl were determined to be 88.2 and 95.5 ng/mL, respectively. Collectively, the results presented herein strengthen the use of chloroformate chemistry as an additional chemical tool to confirm the presence of these highly toxic and lethal substances in the environment.
Dendritic and Axonal Propagation Delays Determine Emergent Structures of Neuronal Networks with Plastic Synapses (2017)

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) modifies synaptic strengths based on the relative timing of pre- and postsynaptic spikes. The temporal order of spikes turned out to be crucial. We here take into account how propagation delays, composed of dendritic and axonal delay times, may affect the temporal order of spikes. In a minimal setting, characterized by neglecting dendritic and axonal propagation delays, STDP eliminates bidirectional connections between two coupled neurons and turns them into unidirectional connections. In this paper, however, we show that depending on the dendritic and axonal propagation delays, the temporal order of spikes at the synapses can be different from those in the cell bodies and, consequently, qualitatively different connectivity patterns emerge. In particular, we show that for a system of two coupled oscillatory neurons, bidirectional synapses can be preserved and potentiated. Intriguingly, this finding also translates to large networks of type-II phase oscillators and, hence, crucially impacts on the overall hierarchical connectivity patterns of oscillatory neuronal networks.
Decision letter: Intravital deep-tumor single-beam 3-photon, 4-photon, and harmonic microscopy (2020)

Infrared high-pulse-energy low-pulse-repetition-rate excitation advances deep intravital microscopy in strongly scattering tissues such as skin tumors and thick bone, thereby bringing previously inaccessible tumor areas in reach with subcellular resolution.