gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seasonal FluMist Vaccination Induces Cross-Reactive T Cell Immunity against H1N1 (2009) Influenza and Secondary Bacterial Infections (2010)

T cell epitopes have been found to be shared by circulating, seasonal influenza virus strains and the novel pandemic H1N1 influenza infection, but the ability of these common epitopes to provide cross-protection is unknown. We have now directly tested this by examining the ability of live seasonal influenza vaccine (FluMist) to mediate protection against swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus infection. Naive mice demonstrated considerable susceptibility to H1N1 Cal/04/09 infection, whereas FluMist-vaccinated mice had markedly decreased morbidity and mortality. In vivo depletion of CD4(+) or CD8(+) immune cells after vaccination indicated that protective immunity was primarily dependent upon FluMist-induced CD4(+) cells but not CD8(+) T cells. Passive protection studies revealed little role for serum or mucosal Abs in cross-protection. Although H1N1 influenza infection of naive mice induced intensive phagocyte recruitment, pulmonary innate defense against secondary pneumococcal infection was severely suppressed. This increased susceptibility to bacterial infection was correlated with augmented IFN-γ production produced during the recovery stage of H1N1 influenza infection, which was completely suppressed in mice previously immunized with FluMist. Furthermore, susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection was decreased in the absence of type II, but not type I, IFN signaling. Thus, seasonal FluMist treatment not only promoted resistance to pandemic H1N1 influenza infection but also restored innate immunity against complicating secondary bacterial infections.
Fluoroarthroscopic allograft anterior cruciate reconstruction (1988)

A new fluoroarthroscopic technique for the installation of an allograft ligament to replace an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) function is described. Failure of any device intended to function as an ACL, biologic or prosthetic, will occur if the principles of isometry and instant centers of motion in relation to sites of ligament origin and insertion are ignored. At least equal preoperative planning and precise measurements should be made regarding ACL reconstruction as is presently required for the total-kneereplacement technique. The former is certainly less forgiving than the latter. The cruciate ligament organ obeys the principles of a four-bar, chain-link system. Abnormal compression and distraction forces will occur at the articular surface of the knee if points of contact (between the femur and the tibia) are changed due to an abnormally reconstructed ACL. Human cadaver knee dissections were performed. ACLs were opaquely tagged and their radiologic shadows studied fluoroscopically. Instant centers of motion were tested to determine acceptable surgical sites of origin and insertion of the intended ACL allograft. The site of femoral attachment was found fluoroscopically to exist 3 mm anterior to the junction of the posterior femoral cortex and the intercondylar cortical seam. A new attachment device has been developed to allow attachments of the allograft to the femur without the need for a posterolateral incision. The success of the reconstruction is a function of graft physiology, correct interpretation of knee biomechanics, and ultimately a long-term followup. The study is therefore a preliminary report emphasizing principles and surgical detail.
Drone Interference in Geographically Limited Local Mobile TDD Networks (2023)

Local wireless mobile networks using LTE or 5G technology have recently gained interest in many industrial applications. Using drones opens up possibilities for many novel services to be deployed in local networks. From the network point of view, having a mobile User Equipment (UE) in the air poses additional source of interference towards neighbouring local networks. This paper develops a calculation model for the interference and verifies the model with a field measurement campaign.
Co-integration of a smart CMOS image sensor and a spatial light modulator for real-time optical phase modulation (2014)

We present a CMOS light detector-actuator array, in which every pixel combines a spatial light modulator and a photodiode. It will be used in medical imaging based on acousto-optical coherence tomography with a digital holographic detection scheme. Our architecture is able to measure an interference pattern between a scattered beam transmitted through a scattering media and a reference beam. The array of 16 μm pixels pitch has a frame rate of several kfps, which makes this sensor compliant with the correlation time of light in biological tissues. In-pixel analog processing of the interference pattern allows controlling the polarization of a stacked light modulator and thus, to control the phase of the reflected beam. This reflected beam can then be focused on a region of interest, i.e. for therapy. The stacking of a photosensitive element with a spatial light modulator on the same chip brings a significant robustness over the state of the art such as perfect optical matching and reduced delay in controlling light.
A toolkit for automating compliance in cloud computing services (2014)

We present an integrated approach for automating service providers’ compliance with data protection laws and regulations, business and technical requirements in cloud computing. The techniques we propose in particular include: natural language analysis (of legislative and regulatory texts, and corporate security rulebooks) and extraction of enforceable rules, use of sticky policies, automated policy enforcement and active monitoring of data, particularly in cloud environments. We currently work on developing a software tool for semantic annotation and natural language processing of cloud ToS and other related policy texts. We describe our implementations of two parts of the proposed toolkit, namely the semantic annotation editor and the EnCoRe policy enforcement framework. We also identify opportunities for future software development in the area of cloud computing compliance.
Control of zeolite framework flexibility and pore topology for separation of ethane and ethylene (2017)

The discovery of new materials for separating ethylene from ethane by adsorption, instead of using cryogenic distillation, is a key milestone for molecular separations because of the multiple and widely extended uses of these molecules in industry. This technique has the potential to provide tremendous energy savings when compared with the currently used cryogenic distillation process for ethylene produced through steam cracking. Here we describe the synthesis and structural determination of a flexible pure silica zeolite (ITQ-55). This material can kinetically separate ethylene from ethane with an unprecedented selectivity of ~100, owing to its distinctive pore topology with large heart-shaped cages and framework flexibility. Control of such properties extends the boundaries for applicability of zeolites to challenging separations.
Continuously-tunable, bit-rate variable OTDM using broadband SBS slow-light delay line (2007)

We conceptually compare the advantages of the proposed slow-light-based tunable OTDM to conventional fiber-based fixed OTDM multiplexer. We experimentally demonstrate continuously-controllable OTDM of two 2.5-Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) signals using broadband SBS-based slow-light as the tunable optical delay line. We show that the time slot of one signal path can be manipulated relative to the other by as much as 75-ps. This continuous slow light tunability dramatically enhances the OTDM system performance which results in a power penalty reduction of 9-dB for the multiplexed data stream. We also demonstrate variable-bit-rate OTDM by dynamically adjusting the tunable slow-light delay according to the input bit-rates. We show efficient two-by-one optical time multiplexing of three different input data streams at 2.5-Gb/s, 2.67-Gb/s and 5-Gb/s.
Induction Heating of Billets, Rods, and Bars (2014)

Abstract This article provides a rough estimate of the basic parameters, including coil efficiency, power, and frequency in induction heating of billets, rods, and bars. It focuses on the frequency selection for heating solid cylinders made of nonmagnetic metals, frequency selection when heating solid cylinders made from nonmagnetic alloys, and frequency selection when heating solid cylinders made from magnetic alloys. The article describes several design concepts that can be used for induction billet heating, namely, static heating and progressive/continuous heating. It presents the four major factors associated with the location and magnitude of subsurface overheating: frequency, refractory, final temperature, and power distribution along the heating line. The article summarizes the pros and cons of using a single power supply. It also reviews the design features of modular systems, and concludes with information on the temperature profile modeling software.
Eigenmode confinement in the dielectrically apertured Fabry-Perot microcavity [VCSEL] (1997)

The three-dimensional (3-D) optical confinement of the dielectrically apertured Fabry-Perot microcavity is analyzed by considering electromagnetic coupling between the confined region and parasitic waveguide modes that exist outside the aperture. If the cavity length is close to one-half the emission wavelength and for large enough aperture sizes, all parasitic waveguide modes can be evanescent except one which couples only weakly to the emitting region. If the aperture diameter is too small, loss of optical confinement is predicted, and the optical mode size at which this occurs can be estimated from the cavity length and the relative shifts in the vertical resonances inside and outside the apertured region.
Alkaline Oxidation of Lignin Using Reversibly-Soluble Bases (2022)

Production of oxidized aromatic monomers from lignin has been an intriguing process for decades, but widespread implementation has been inhibited by the high hydroxide:lignin ratios required for significant aldehyde yields. The high hydroxide loading in most scenarios renders the process uneconomical even for high-value products such as vanillin. In this work, we explore alkaline oxidation of a lignin-rich enzymatic hydrolysis residue isolated from corn stover, using alkaline earth metal hydroxides, such as Sr(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2 as base promoters. These materials are soluble at reaction temperature, but mostly insoluble at room temperature, allowing recovery and reuse by simple filtration. We show that monomer yields and profiles using these bases is similar to that obtained using NaOH as base, and that Sr(OH)2 can be recovered in yields above 90%. Preliminary TEA and LCA suggest that replacing NaOH with Sr(OH)2 can decrease monomer production costs by 40% and decrease global warming potential in lignin depolymerization by 30%, enabling a more economical and sustainable process.
SUN-034 DOES SALIVARY UREA NITROGEN DIPSTICK ALLOW PEDIATRIC ACUTE INJURY DETECTION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA? (2020)

Acute Kidney Injury in pediatric populations (pAKI) results in significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Point of care (POC) devices providing the required diagnostic accuracy to diagnose AKI and may increase diagnosis and reducing mortality. A low-cost POC device, the salivary urea nitrogen (SUN) dipsticks could aid to alleviate the high burden on public health in resource-limited countries and has previously been shown to accurately detect AKI in adults, but its performance in children with impaired renal function is unknown.
Parallel Sequence Spread Spectrum based Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication for Factory Automation (2021)

We propose a closed-loop industrial radio system with a star topology for factory automation using Parallel Sequence Spread Spectrum (PSSS) technology. This system implements all significant concepts for synchronization, duplex-communication, channel estimation/equalization based on an innovative transceiver concept. The industrial environment tends to have non-line of sight channels that lead to RMS delay spreads of less than 100 ns. Here, we propose a channel equalization scheme to compensate for these delay spreads. Another challenging aspect is the implementation of a code division duplexing (CDD) scheme. We propose a closed-loop system architecture that can achieve the targets set by Industry 4.0 bodies such as IWSAN. This paper gives an overview of the closed-loop systems concept.
Latchup-aware placement and parasitic-bounded routing of custom analog cells (2002)

This paper presents new results in constraint-directed placement and routing of device-level analog cells. We describe the first algorithm for latchup-aware device placement that guarantees sufficient placement of well/substrate contacts by simultaneous placement of latchup protection geometry and devices. A novel cost-to-target predictor for cost-based A/sup */ routing, and a new scheme for pruning evolving paths that violate user-supplied constrained routing of analog signals in dense placements are described. Experimental results suggest the strategy avoids the artifacts of length-for-crosstalk trade-offs seen in earlier algorithms, and allows users more fine-grain control of the routing of defense, high-performance cells. An implementation of these ideas in the tool set KA III is used to derive improved layouts from several analog cells.
Design optimizations of a high performance microprocessor using combinations of dual-V/sub T/ allocation and transistor sizing (2003)

Joint optimizations of dual-V/sub T/ allocation and transistor sizing reduce low-V/sub T/ usage by 36%-45% and leakage power by 20% in a high performance microprocessor, with minimal impact on total active power and die area. An enhancement of the optimum design allows processor frequency to be increased efficiently during manufacturing.
Synthesis and characterization of a photosensitive interface for hydrogen generation: Chemically modified p-type semiconducting silicon photocathodes (1980)

p-Si photocathodes functionalized first with an N,N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium redox reagent, (PQ(2+/+-))(surf), and then with a Pt precursor, PtCl(6) (2-), give significant efficiency (up to 5%) for photoelectrochemical H(2) generation with 632.8-nm light. Naked p-Si photocathodes give nearly zero efficiency, owing to poor H(2) evolution kinetics that are improved by the (PQ(2+/+-))(surf)/Pt modification. The mechanism of H(2) evolution from p-Si/(PQ(2+/+-))(surf)/Pt is first photoexcitation of electrons to the conduction band of Si followed by (PQ(2+))(surf) --> (PQ(+-))(surf) reduction. The dispersion of Pt then catalyzes H(2)O reduction to give H(2) and regeneration of (PQ(2+))(surf). The overall energy conversion efficiency rivals the best direct optical to chemical conversion systems reported to date.
Development of recombinant human soluble angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (rhACE2) for cancer therapy (2008)

4075 The membrane-anchored glycoprotein ACE2 is a key enzyme of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) and is expressed in most organs. ACE2 degrades the octapeptide Angiotensin II (Ang II) to yield Angiotensin (1-7) (Ang(1-7)). Ang II, a key effector peptide of the RAS, acting via AT1-receptor and AT2-receptor is a major regulator of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis, is pro-inflammatory and a potent mitogen. In contrast, Ang(1-7) via its receptor Mas has vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties, thereby opposing the functions of Ang II. Thus, ACE2 acts in a counter-regulatory manner to the Ang II-forming ACE by shifting the balance between Ang II and Ang(1-7), and serving as a functional clearance mechanism for Ang II. In cancer, Ang II may play a role in supporting tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation and thus formation of metastases. For example, in ovarian cancer AT1-receptor expression is associated with tumour angiogenesis and correlated with poor patient outcome. Importantly, Ang(1-7) has been shown to inhibit proliferation of tumor cell lines in vitro and also is effective to retard tumor growth in athymic mouse models.  In consideration of these findings, a novel approach for the treatment of various cancers may be based on the utilization of the counter-balancing functions of ACE2 to degrade elevated tumor-promoting Ang II levels to generate Ang(1-7) with tumor growth-inhibiting, anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. In this context, we are developing a recombinant soluble form of ACE2 (rhACE2) for systemic therapy. The ectodomain of ACE2 was expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in a fully glycosylated manner leading to a stable and highly active enzyme. An industrial production process under cGMP has been established and substantial amounts of rhACE2 produced. The enzyme efficiently degrades Ang II to Ang(1-7) in vitro and in vivo in mice, piglets and Rhesus monkeys. The terminal half-life of enzymatically active protein in Rhesus monkeys is 10,5 hours. No side effects of repeated i.v. treatment has been detected and importantly the enzyme does not lower blood pressure in normotensive animals.  The effects of rhACE2 on tumor cell growth were assessed in vitro in the presence of its substrate Ang II: MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and Calu-3 human lung cancer cells were cultivated under standard conditions in triplicates at 37°C and 5% CO2 with 100 nM Ang II plus 20ug/ml rhACE2 (controls: medium, Ang II without rhACE2, rhACE2 without Ang II). Metabolically active cells were determined using the WST-1 reagent and measurement of optical density at OD 450/620nm: rhACE2 in the presence of its substrate Ang II after 72 hours significantly inhibited the growth both of Calu-3 and MCF-7 cells, presumably via in-situ formation of Ang(1-7). Further studies have now been initiated to explore the antitumor properties of rhACE2 in vitro and in vivo.
Application of a downstream calorimetric probe to reactive plasma (2005)

We explore the application of calorimetric probe located downstream from the plasma zone. By positioning the probe in a downstream location, the probe signal can be correlated with the integral energy flux carried by the effluent species as they propagate downstream from the plasma zone. Because the integral energy flux channeled downstream depends on the plasma conditions, it is possible to infer the plasma conditions from the probe response even though the probe is located away from the plasma zone. A calorimetric probe, based on resistance-temperature detector principle, adequate for fluorine plasma exposure is constructed. Probe operation is demonstrated for NF3–Ar plasmas.
Call level performance analysis of 3/sup rd/ generation mobile core networks (2002)

We develop a call level model of UMTS core networks where calls belonging to one of the four UMTS service classes arrive randomly. Arriving calls are granted service depending on the call's service class, the required maximum and minimum-bandwidth, and the available network resources at the arrival instance. We use a Markov model of transmission links to derive GoS (blocking probability) and QoS (throughput) measures under two reasonable and technologically feasible bandwidth sharing policies. We conclude that one of these policies is able to provide GoS/QoS guarantees for a wide range of traffic mixes. We argue that the results are applicable to the all IP/MPLS based new UMTS architecture.
Identification of Selective Acyl Sulfonamide–Cycloalkylether Inhibitors of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (Na V ) 1.7 with Potent Analgesic Activity (2018)

Herein, we report the discovery and optimization of a series of orally bioavailable acyl sulfonamide Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 inhibitors that are selective for Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 over Na<sub>V</sub>1.5 and highly efficacious in in vivo models of pain and hNa<sub>V</sub>1.7 target engagement. An analysis of the physicochemical properties of literature Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 inhibitors suggested that acyl sulfonamides with high f<sub>sp3</sub> could overcome some of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and efficacy challenges seen with existing series. Parallel library syntheses lead to the identification of analogue 7, which exhibited moderate potency against Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 and an acceptable PK profile in rodents, but relatively poor stability in human liver microsomes. Further, design strategy then focused on the optimization of potency against hNa<sub>V</sub>1.7 and improvement of human metabolic stability, utilizing induced fit docking in our previously disclosed X-ray cocrystal of the Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 voltage sensing domain. These investigations culminated in the discovery of tool compound 33, one of the most potent and efficacious Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 inhibitors reported to date.
Polycrystalline CuIn/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/Se/sub 2/ thin film PV solar cells prepared by two-stage selenization process using Se vapor (2002)

Novel two-stage Se vapor selenization of magnetron sputtered metallic precursors and Ga incorporation using single Cu-Ga(22 at.%) alloy target have been developed for preparation of well-adherent, large, compact, well-faceted polyhedral grain CuIn/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/Se/sub 2/ thin films having optimum composition Cu:In:Ga:Se of 22.95:25.03:1.40:50.63. Cu-In-Ga precursor homogenization by in situ heat-treatment at /spl sim/90/spl deg/C for 10 minutes prior to first selenization, selenization temperature of 550-560/spl deg/C, and Se vapor incidence rate of 50 /spl Aring/ sec/sup -1/ resulted in improved morphology of completed CuIn/sub 1-x/Ga/sub 2/Se/sub 2/ thin films, and solar cells with open circuit voltage V/sub oc/ 377 mV, short circuit current density J/sub sc/ of 34.8 mA, fill factor (FF) of 62.5%, active area efficiency of 8.2% (total area efficiency 5.8% limited by FF 49.1%) and fairly constant spectral response over the spectral range.
Zippers: A Focus+Context Display of Web Pages. (1996)

The charter of SRC is to advance both the state of knowledge and the state of the art in computer systems. From our establishment in 1984, we have performed basic and applied research to support Digital’s business objectives. Our current work includes exploring distributed personal computing on multiple platforms, networking, programming technology, system modelling and management techniques, and selected applications. Our strategy is to test the technical and practical value of our ideas by building hardware and software prototypes and using them as daily tools. Interesting systems are too complex to be evaluated solely in the abstract; extended use allows us to investigate their properties in depth. This experience is useful in the short term in refining our designs, and invaluable in the long term in advancing our knowledge. Most of the major advances in information systems have come through this strategy, including personal computing, distributed systems, and the Internet. We also perform complementary work of a more mathematical flavor. Some of it is in established fields of theoretical computer science, such as the analysis of algorithms,
Study of enzyme loading in a porous silicon matrix (2014)

Great interest has been given these last few years to the use of porous silicon particles for drug delivery inside the body, whether by targeting specific places in the body or not. Indeed, loading porous silicon particles with active biomolecules (such as cancer drugs for instance) allows a targeted or a slow release over time in the body thanks to the gradual degradation of the porous matrix instead of having a burst release of the molecules. In order to obtain this gradual degradation we based this work on the observation that the dissolution of oxidized porous silicon in a saline solution is inhibited in the presence of calcium ions. This led us to believe that the inhibition could be due to the formation of a calcium silicate shell covering the silicon oxide, thus slowing down the degradation of the oxidized silicon. This work then focused on a preliminary step to particle loading by studying the loading of an enzyme (the lysozyme) in an oxidized porous silicon matrix on a chip with a solution of calcium chloride allowing the possible formation of the calcium silicate shell.