gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pleiotropic Effects of Nitric Oxide on SARS-CoV-2 Infections (2020)

: Infection by β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2) alters the homeostasis of the vascular endothelium, promoting an inflammatory state which causes damage and favors the prothrombotic state. The direct viral cytotoxicity induced by the SARS-CoV-2 leads to endothelial cell death; thus, altering the vessel functions. Moreover, SARS-CoV infection induces endothelial dysfunction (ED) and reduces the levels of nitric oxide (NO); thus, aggravating the vascular injuries, which promotes thrombotic events due to an alteration in the homeostasis. NO is a pleiotropic molecule that induces vasodilation, regulates the immune response, inhibits platelet aggregation, and decreases the cellular adhesion to vascular endothelium. Moreover, NO acts directly against invasive agents, exhibiting antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity. High levels of NO result in an increase in the ED, causing an inflammatory amplification that aggravates the disease through undesirable positive feedback. The objective of this review was to present and discuss the involvement of NO on ED in SARS-CoV-2 infections. This review may also highlight new perspectives for therapeutic interventions through the supplementation of exogenous NO. The maintenance of homeostatic NO levels could represent a useful approach in the prevention of coronavirus-induced ED.
1‐(3‐(9H‐Carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1‐propyl)‐4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐piperidinol, a novel subtype selective inhibitor of the mouse type II GABA‐transporter (1997)

The selectivity of new derivatives of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-uptake inhibitor, tiagabine was characterized at the four cloned mouse GABA transporters (mGAT1 through mGAT4) by measuring [3H]-GABA uptake into stably transfected baby hamster kidney cells. While tiagabine is a highly selective inhibitor of mGAT1 (Ki = 0.11 +/- 0.02 microM), these derivatives exhibited low potencies at mGAT1 but differential activities at mGAT2, mGAT3 and mGAT4. In particular, 1-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-piperidino l (NNC 05-2090) was a potent inhibitor of mGAT2 (Ki = 1.4 +/- 0.3 microM) showing at least 10 fold selectivity over mGAT1, mGAT3 and mGAT4. NNC 05-2090 is the first subtype selective inhibitor of mGAT2 and may represent a novel useful tool for investigating the physiological roles of GAT2 in the brain and periphery.
Contact inhibition modulates intracellular levels of miR-223 in a p27kip1-dependent manner (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are a large class of small regulatory RNAs that function as nodes of signaling networks. This implicates that miRs expression has to be finely tuned, as observed during cell cycle progression. Here, using an expression profiling approach, we provide evidence that the CDK inhibitor p27Kip1 regulates miRs expression following cell cycle exit. By using wild type and p27KO cells harvested in different phases of the cell cycle we identified several miRs regulated by p27Kip1 during the G1 to S phase transition. Among these miRs, we identified miR-223 as a miR specifically upregulated by p27Kip1 in G1 arrested cells. Our data demonstrate that p27Kip1 regulated the expression of miR-223, via two distinct mechanisms. p27Kip1 directly stabilized mature miR-223 expression, acting as a RNA binding protein and it controlled E2F1 expression that, in turn, regulated miR-223 promoter activity. The resulting elevated miR-223 levels ultimately participated to arresting cell cycle progression following contact inhibition. Importantly, this mechanism of growth control was conserved in human cells and deranged in breast cancers. Here, we identify a novel and conserved function of p27Kip1 that, by modulating miR-223 expression, contributes to proper regulation of cell cycle exit following contact inhibition. Thus we propose a new role for miR-223 in the regulation of breast cancer progression.
Porous Ti4O7 Particles with Interconnected‐Pore Structure as a High‐Efficiency Polysulfide Mediator for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2017)

Multifunctional Ti 4 O 7 particles with interconnected‐pore structure are designed and synthesized using porous poly(styrene‐ b ‐2‐vinylpyridine) particles as a template. The particles can work efficiently as a sulfur‐host material for lithium–sulfur batteries. Specifically, the well‐defined porous Ti 4 O 7 particles exhibit interconnected pores in the interior and have a high‐surface area of 592 m 2 g −1 ; this shows the advantage of mesopores for encapsulating of sulfur and provides a polar surface for chemical binding with polysulfides to suppress their dissolution. Moreover, in order to improve the conductivity of the electrode, a thin layer of carbon is coated on the Ti 4 O 7 surface without destroying its porous structure. The porous Ti 4 O 7 and carbon‐coated Ti 4 O 7 particles show significantly improved electrochemical performances as cathode materials for Li–S batteries as compared with those of TiO 2 particles.
Brückenschlag mit Physik. Mineralische Bindemittelsysteme als Hochleistungsmaterialien (2009)

Abstract Projekte wie Brücken über Meeresarme oder viele hundert Meter hohe Wolkenkratzer benötigen optimierte Baustoffe mit maßgeschneiderten Eigenschaften. Diese werden nicht zuletzt durch intensive physikalische Forschung an mineralischen Bindern erreicht. Der Artikel stellt einige bildgebende und spektroskopische Messtechniken vor, die tiefe Einblicke in ihre Materialeigenschaften ermöglichen. Zu den so gewonnenen neuen Erkenntnissen zählt die Rolle von Ionen‐Korrelationskräften zwischen elektrisch gleich geladenen Oberflächen von Calcium‐Silikat‐Partikeln. Diese sind entscheidend für die Festigkeit des verbreiteten Portlandzements.
CHI 2030: The Future is Wide Open (2020)

What is the future of the CHI conference? What will it look like in 2030? In this panel, we will present some data on the current state of the CHI conference - from paper submissions to attendance - and the initial findings on what our community has said is their 'ideal' CHI conference. We will then make wild predictions about the future of CHI and encourage audience discussion on the form that the conference and academic publishing could take in the future.
Matrix Assisted Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2019)

Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) is a highly versatile technique allowing the sampling of a range of biological solid or liquid samples with no sample preparation. The cost of such a direct approach is that certain sample types provide only moderate amounts of chemical information. Here, we introduce a matrix assisted version of the technique (MA-REIMS), where an aerosol of a pure solvent, such as isopropanol, is mixed with the sample aerosol generated by rapid evaporation of the sample, and it is shown to enhance the signal intensity obtained from a REIMS sampling event by over 2 orders of magnitude. Such an increase greatly expands the scope of the technique, while providing additional benefits such as reducing the fouling of the REIMS source and allowing for a simple method of constant introduction of a calibration correction compound for accurate mass measurements. A range of experiments are presented in order to investigate the processes that occur within this modified approach, and applications where such enhancements are critical, such as intrasurgical tissue identification, are discussed.
Mechanical evaluation of a carbonated apatite cement in the fixation of unstable intertrochanteric fractures (2002)

We created three-part unstable intertrochanteric fractures in 6 pairs of aged, osteopenic, human, cadaveric femora. Fractures were reduced and fixed with a Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) (Synthes, Paoli, PA). Two test groups were evaluated: 1. Fixation with DHS, and 2. Fixation with a DHS and calcium phosphate bone cement (Norian SRS (Skeletal Repair System)) augmentation of the fracture line and posteromedial calcar region of the proximal femur. Each femur was loaded to 1,650 N (2.5 body weight) for 10,000 cycles to simulate postoperative load transmission across the fracture construct during normal gait. The load was further increased successively by one body weight for another 10,000 cycles until failure. We evaluated fixation by measuring the amount of sliding of the lag screw of the DHS (shortening) and stiffness of the overall fracture construct (stability). SRS cement-augmented specimens had less shortening (1 mm versus 17 mm) and twice the initial construct stiffness compared to control specimens.
Die ökonomische Begründung der Grundsätze ordnungsgemäßer Unternehmensfinanzierung (2004)

Article Die ökonomische Begründung der Grundsätze ordnungsgemäßer Unternehmensfinanzierung was published on November 9, 2004 in the journal Zeitschrift für Unternehmens- und Gesellschaftsrecht (volume 33, issue 6).
Selective and Improved Photoannealing of Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) Scaffolds (2021)

Microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds consist of a slurry of hydrogel microspheres that undergo annealing to form a solid scaffold. MAP scaffolds have contained functional groups with dual abilities to participate in Michael-type addition (gelation) and radical polymerization (photoannealing). Functional groups with efficient Michael-type additions react with thiols and amines under physiological conditions, limiting usage for therapeutic delivery. We present a heterofunctional maleimide/methacrylamide 4-arm PEG macromer (MethMal) engineered for selective photopolymerization compatible with multiple polymer backbones. Rheology using two classes of photoinitiators demonstrates advantageous photopolymerization capabilities. Functional assays show benefits for therapeutic delivery and 3D printing without impacting cell viability.
Isomerisation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene using highly acidic alkali chloroaluminate melts (2014)

The isomerisation reaction of 1,4-dichlorobenzene leading to the thermodynamically favoured and technically desired 1,3-dichlorobenzene has been studied comparing highly acidic chloroaluminate melts with organic imidazolium and alkali metal ions. Interestingly, the inorganic melts show much higher reactivity and full recyclability if small AlCl3 losses are compensated and the reaction is carried out under slight HCl pressure.
Label-Free Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Captured on Immutable Ligand Arrays (2013)

The rapid capture and label-free detection of Staphylococcus aureus , an opportunistic bacterium that can infect upon contact, can be performed using periodic microarrays of ligand-protein conjugates created by noncontact (inkjet) printing, darkfield imaging conditions, and a FFT-based readout method. Ink solutes were prepared using bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated to a glycan with high affinity for bacterial adhesins and printed as dot-matrix arrays with periodicities of 80-120 μm using a thermal injection method. Upon exposing the glycan-BSA microarrays to live strains of S. aureus , patterns emerge that can be detected under optical darkfield conditions. These patterns can be decoded by fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis to generate fault-tolerant readout signals that correspond to the capture of S. aureus, with a limit of detection between 10(2) and 10(3) cfu/mL. Inkjet printing provides independent control over array periodicity, enabling FFT signals to be assigned to specific frequencies in reciprocal k-space.
The Evils of Intradialytic Sodium Loading (2011)

Increased salt intake is related to extracellular fluid expansion and a rise in blood pressure, and has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Several studies have also suggested that sodium can exert detrimental effects via blood pressure-independent mechanisms. Chronic kidney disease patients are particularly susceptible to the negative consequences of sodium loading. While individuals with normal kidney function are able to regulate their sodium balance, hemodialysis patients have to rely virtually entirely on the dialysis procedure for sodium elimination. Tragically, the dialysis procedure has, in many instances, turned into a de facto source of sodium loading rather than a means for sodium removal. The main sources of sodium related to the dialysis procedure are (1) diffusive influx from the dialysate, including inappropriate use of sodium profiling; (2) the use of saline solution for priming and rinsing; and (3) the treatment of intradialytic hypotension and cramps with saline solution. Creating a positive intradialytic sodium balance is effective in acutely reducing the incidence of intradialytic symptoms, but it also sustains a vicious cycle hampering the attainment of dry weight and predisposes the patient to an increased risk of intradialytic complications during the following dialysis session. Avoiding sodium loading in hemodialysis patients is a cornerstone of blood pressure and fluid status management and, therefore, deserves a conscious effort, bearing in mind not only short-term effects but also long-term goals. In the absence of routine means of quantifying sodium balance, sodium profiling should be viewed critically, as it has been shown to induce a positive sodium balance in the majority of cases. A preferred approach under these circumstances may be simple sodium alignment. In combination with the abdication of saline solution for priming, rinsing, and intradialytic infusions, these measures would go a long way to help reduce sodium overload and achieve a more physiologic sodium balance in this patient population.
Highly compact sub-10-fs optical parametric amplifier in the visible (2003)

Summary form only given. We report on a compact noncollinear visible OPA with a compressor made exclusively of chirped mirrors. We employ ultra-broadband chirped mirrors of novel design which allow us to achieve group delays (GDs) varying nearly linearly with frequency over bandwidths in excess of100 THz. The use of the chirped mirrors results in a simple and reliable system for the generation of tunable sub-lO-fs pulses in the visible spectral range.
382. Correction of Autophagic Dysregulation in Pompe Disease Following Gene Therapy (2016)

Pompe Disease (PD) is a fatal metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the GAA gene leading to a deficiency in acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) and affects 1 in 40,000 births. Clinically, this lysosomal storage disorder presents with cardiomegaly and skeletal muscle weakness, leading to cardiorespiratory failure. GAA is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen in the lysosome, an important energy source for striated muscle and neurons. Currently, the only approved treatment for PD is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). While ERT has increased patient survival, there are several limitations including treatment cost and the inability of the enzyme to cross the blood-brain barrier and breakdown lysosomal glycogen deposition within the central nervous system. ERT therapy is dependent upon receptor-mediated endocytosis of the exogenous enzyme; much of which remains in amphisomes resulting in insufficiently trafficking of GAA to the lysosome. These issues illustrate the need for an alternative treatment. We propose that endogenous production of GAA enzyme mediated by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-delivery of the GAA gene will improve targeting of GAA to the lysosome and reduce the overall dysregulation of vesicular systems. In this study, we performed intravenous delivery of AAV9-DES-coGAA to 12-week old Gaa−/− animals at three doses (1×1011 vg/kg, 1×1013 vg/kg, and 1×1014vg/kg) and compared to AAV9-CMV-GFP (1×1013 vg/kg) and vehicle-control groups. Previous research has revealed that cellular dysregulation due to lysosomal storage of glycogen is amassed by twelve-weeks of age prior to onset of the physiological phenotype of PD in the Gaa−/− murine model. One month after AAV or sham injection, cardiac and skeletal muscles were harvested for biochemical and histological analyses. GAA activity assays demonstrate that therapeutic levels of enzyme activity are not attained with doses 1×1011 vg/kg and 1×1013 vg/kg, but were when a dose of 1×1014 vg/kg is administered. Western Blot analysis of autophagy-associated proteins, such as Beclin, LAMP1, LC3-I, and LC3-II show a decrease in protein levels following gene therapy indicating an improvement in autophagic regulation. Hematoxalin & Eosin staining of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle sections show an inverse relationship between level of vacuolarization of muscle fibers and dose of AAV9-DES-coGAA vector. Additionally, preliminary data suggest increased endocytosis of AAVs without reaching the therapeutic threshold may activate autophagy. Further analysis by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence will elucidate the mechanism by which treatment modifies autophagic flux.
Effect of Cycloheximide on the LH Release Induced by a Superactive Analog of LH-RH (1980)

The effect of cycloheximide on the pituitary response to a superactive analog of LH-RH (D-Ala-6-des-gly-10-LH-RH-ethylamide) was studied in intact male rats. Cycloheximide did not modify the LH release induced by the LH-RH analog within 1 hr after its injection, but produced significant supression between 1 and 4 hr. It is concluded that the early release of LH observed after the administration of the analog occurs from the readily releasable pool of LH in the pituitary gland, which is not affected by cycloheximide. The subsequent LH release that can be suppressed by cycloheximide comes from the second pool of LH.
Reply to J. Lagro et al and G. Lughezzani et al (2010)

We appreciate the comments 1,2 regarding our predictive model for competing risks of death in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma. We share the views of Largo et al and believe that in the elderly or those with significant comorbidities, competing risks contend with kidney cancer as the primary cause of death. Furthermore, we concur with their statements regarding the need to incorporate comorbidities in future predictive models. As we discussed in our article, one of the limitations of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data set is that it does not include comorbidity data. We hope to include such data in future projects. With regard to the appropriateness of using case-mix adjustments in the context of a competing risks analysis, groups outside of our institution have also raised concerns about this approach. Despite its shortcomings, we do believe our model affords a unique quantitative scaffold on which one can base clinical choices. e thank Lughezzani et al-renowned leaders in development of predictive models-for performing an additional calibration and external validation of our nomogram. We agree with the authors that the supplementary analysis described in their communication greatly adds to the strength of our initial report.
Comment: Simple method for determining 3-D TLM nodal scattering in nonscalar problems (1993)

For the original article see ibid., vol.28, p.2353-4 (1992). The commenters state that they have developed several models for simulating wire structures and are very familiar with the difficulties involved in the resolution of the nonlinear equations system required for obtaining the scattering matrix. It is for this reason that they very much appreciate the procedure proposed by Naylor and Ait-Sadi in the above mentioned. In using this procedure, however, the commenters have found a minor error: two equations which associate incident and reflected voltage pulses at the particular pair of lines under consideration, are only valid when both lines are of the same characteristic impedance. This is demonstrated in an example. In reply the authors concede that there was an error but believe that the operation of the method has been misunderstood. They then discuss certain points in an effort to clarify the situation. >
Induction of apoptosis by cordycepin in human leukemia U937 and THP-1 cells (2010)

[Background] Cordyceps militaris is a traditional popular mushroom, produces an important bioactive compound Cordycepin (3’-deoxyadenosine) used for the tonic and medicinal purpose in eastern Asia. Cordycepin is reported to possess many pharmacological activities including immunologically stimulating, anti-tumor, anti-virus, and anti-infection effects. [Methods] Growth inhibition of human leukemia cells was assessed by MTT assays. The determination of apoptotic cell death was performed by flow cytometry analysis, agarose gel electrophoresis and DAPI fluorescent staining methods. The apoptotic-regulated gene markers in both death receptor- and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis etc. [Results] It was found that inhibition of cell proliferation was observed for human leukemia U937 and THP-1 cells treated with cordycepin in a dose-dependent manner. Cordycepin induced morphological change and apoptotic cell death such as formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation and increased populations of apoptotic-sub G1 phase. Apoptosis of U937 and THP-1 cells by cordycepin was associated with a down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) expression. Cordycepin treatment induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, and a concomitant inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), β-catenin and phospholipase (PLC)-γ1 protein. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the apoptotic processes caused by cordycepin are mediated by the regulation of the Bcl-2 and caspase family in human leukemia U937 and THP-1 cells. Our data also suggested that cordycepin may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia cancer patients.
Fostering IPv6 migration through network quality differentials (2010)

Although IPv6 has been the next generation Internet protocol for nearly 15 years, new evidences indicate that transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 is about to become a more pressing issue. This paper attempts to quantify if and how such a transition may unfold. The focus is on "connectivity quality," e.g., as measured by users' experience when accessing content, as a possible incentive (or disincentive) for migrating to IPv6, and on "translation costs" (between IPv6 and IPv4) that Internet Service Providers will incur during this transition. The paper develops a simple model that captures some of the underlying interactions, and highlights the ambiguous role of translation gateways that can either help or discourage IPv6 adoption. The paper is an initial foray in the complex and often puzzling issue of migrating the current Internet to a new version with which it is incompatible.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Trifluoromethyl- and Pentafluorosulfanyl-Substituted Allylic Cyanodiazoacetates (2023)

The synthesis of trifluoromethyl (CF<sub>3</sub>)- and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF<sub>5</sub>)-substituted cyclopropane-fused γ-lactones was carried out through Rh<sub>2</sub>(esp)<sub>2</sub>-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation in up to 99% yields. Twelve examples of this interesting scaffold are reported, as well as postfunctionalizations that provide access to highly functionalized CF<sub>3</sub>- and SF<sub>5</sub>-substituted cyclopropanes. These novel SF<sub>5</sub>-substituted analogues join the very short list of available pentafluorosulfanyl intermediates.