gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal factors may affect the binaural directionality of hearing in the mustache bat (1985)

The directional sensitivity of two Pteronotus parnellii bats to the first, second, and third harmonics of their echolocating signal was measured binaurally, under free field conditions, by recording the summated neural response at the lateral lemniscus. A speaker was mounted on a perimeter that could be rotated to form a hemisphere in front of the bat. Speaker angles were selected randomly, contralateral to the recording site, 50 cm from the bat's head. The area of greatest sensitivity to the first harmonic was 40- to 60-deg azimuth and −20 to −40 deg elevation. The response to the second harmonic was more medial ranging from 10- to 30-deg azimuth and 0 to −10 deg elevation. Most medial was the response to the third harmonic frequency that ranged from 0- to 15-deg azimuth and 0 to −10 deg elevation. The areas of greatest sensitivity (2 dB above threshold) to the first and third harmonics were more medial than areas where intensity differences at opposite ears afford the most precise localization [Z. M. Fuzessery and G. D. Pollak, Science 225, 725–728 (1984)]. This suggests that time disparities may be more important for sound localization in bats than was thought. [Research was supported by NSF grant BNS-8311627.]
Simulation of a Short-Circuit Rugged Trench IGBT with a JFET Connected to a SiC Schottky Rectifier (2020)

The conduction losses of trench insulated-gate bipolar transistors (TIGBTs) can be reduced using a larger channel width, but their short-circuit ruggedness degrades without taking an appropriate countermeasure. Here, we propose a short-circuit rugged TIGBT (SCR-TIGBT) with a silicon carbide Schottky diode (SiC-SD) connected to highly doped p-regions below the trenches. The p-regions form a junction field effect transistor (JFET). The SiC-SD clamps the voltage drop along the channel, and the saturation current of the SCR-TIGBT with the larger channel width is indeed reduced. In order to estimate the performance benefit, we perform simulations and compare to a benchmark TIGBT with similar short-circuit ruggedness. We find a reduction of the saturation collector-emitter voltage by 480 mV for a fixed collector doping concentration and 550 mV for fixed switching losses. The benefit originates from a strongly reduced voltage drop along the MOS channel while the large forward voltage drop of the SiC-SD retains the stored charge and voltage drop in the drift region of the SCR-TIGBT.
Continuous endoscopic guidance via interleaved video tracking and image-video registration (2008)

Endoscopic needle biopsy requires off-line 3D computed-tomography (CT) chest image analysis to plan a biopsy site followed by live endoscopy to perform the biopsy. We present a method for continuous image-based endoscopic guidance that interleaves periodic normalized-mutual-information-based CT-video registration with optical-flow-based endoscopic video motion tracking. The method operates at a near real-time rate and was successfully tested on endoscopic video sequences for phantom and human lung-cancer cases. We also illustrate its use when incorporated into a complete system for image-based planning and guidance of endoscopy.
Data-Efficient Graph Grammar Learning for Molecular Generation (2022)

The problem of molecular generation has received significant attention recently. Existing methods are typically based on deep neural networks and require training on large datasets with tens of thousands of samples. In practice, however, the size of class-specific chemical datasets is usually limited (e.g., dozens of samples) due to labor-intensive experimentation and data collection. This presents a considerable challenge for the deep learning generative models to comprehensively describe the molecular design space. Another major challenge is to generate only physically synthesizable molecules. This is a non-trivial task for neural network-based generative models since the relevant chemical knowledge can only be extracted and generalized from the limited training data. In this work, we propose a data-efficient generative model that can be learned from datasets with orders of magnitude smaller sizes than common benchmarks. At the heart of this method is a learnable graph grammar that generates molecules from a sequence of production rules. Without any human assistance, these production rules are automatically constructed from training data. Furthermore, additional chemical knowledge can be incorporated in the model by further grammar optimization. Our learned graph grammar yields state-of-the-art results on generating high-quality molecules for three monomer datasets that contain only ${\sim}20$ samples each. Our approach also achieves remarkable performance in a challenging polymer generation task with only $117$ training samples and is competitive against existing methods using $81$k data points. Code is available at https://github.com/gmh14/data_efficient_grammar.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Benzimidazole Thiophene Inhibitors of Polo‐Like Kinase 1. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Totalsynthese von Albicidin – eine Leitstruktur aus Xanthomonas albilineans für potente antibakterielle Gyrase‐Inhibitoren (2014)

Abstract Das Antibiotikum Albicidin wird von dem pflanzenpathogenen Bakterium Xanthomonas albilineans synthetisiert. Es zeigt eine bemerkenswerte Aktivität gegen Gram‐positive und Gram‐negative Mikroorganismen. Der Wildtypstamm wie auch der heterologe Expressionsstamm produziert Albicidin bislang in äußerst geringen Mengen, was die Untersuchung des biologischen Profils und die Ausarbeitung von Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen erschwert. Aus diesem Grund entwickelten wir eine konvergente Syntheseroute für Albicidin. Die unerwartet schwierige Knüpfung der Peptidbindungen zwischen aromatischen Aminosäuren konnte durch die Verwendung von Triphosgen als Kupplungsreagens ermöglicht werden. Die vorhergehende Strukturaufklärung und die außergewöhnliche antibakterielle Aktivität von Albicidin werden zudem durch die Totalsynthese bestätigt. Zudem ist es erstmals möglich, Albicidin im Multigramm‐Maßstab herzustellen, um das Potential einer kommerziellen Wirkstoffentwicklung eingehender zu untersuchen.
Rate allocation for FGS coded video using composite R-D analysis (2003)

In this paper, we propose a constant quality rate allocation algorithm for MPEG-4 FGS (fine granularity scalability) coded video sequences. The rate allocation problem is formulated as a constrained minimization of quality fluctuation. The minimization is solved using a novel composite rate distortion analysis. For a set of video frames, a composite rate distortion curve is first computed and then used for computing the optimal rate allocation. The proposed algorithm is very efficient because it is neither iterative nor recursive. In addition, after the composite rate distortion curve is computed, it can be used to calculate optimal rate allocation for any rate budget. Therefore, it is suitable for FGS coded bitstreams, which need to be transmitted and decoded many times at many different rates. Moreover, the composite rate distortion curve can be updated efficiently over sliding windows. This further reduces the computational complexity. Experiments using both synthetic and real FGS coded videos have shown the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Sintering of Confined Silica in Oxidized Silicon Particles (1992)

We observed electron‐beam‐induced sintering of amorphous silica in oxidized submicrometer silicon particles and analyzed the nature of mass transport in linear and triangular particle assemblies. The movement of silica around the rigid crystalline cores occurs rapidly and fills the necks, but the relative core positions in the sintered product depends on the initial geometry of the confined oxide. However, a thin layer of silica remains stable against the flow.
Multiple sequence alignment based bootstrapping for improved incremental word learning (2010)

We investigate incremental word learning with few training examples in a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) framework suitable for an interactive learning scenario with little prior knowledge. When using only a few training examples the initialization of the models is a crucial step. In the bootstrapping approach proposed, an unsupervised initialization of the parameters is performed, followed by the retraining and construction of a new HMM using multiple sequence alignment (MSA). Finally we analyze discriminative training techniques to increase the separability of the classes using minimum classification error (MCE). Recognition results are reported on isolated digits taken from the TIDIGITS database.
Examining the consequences of sPLA2 inhibition following traumatic brain injury (2011)

Neuroinflammation is in found in parallel with nearly all acute and chronic neurodegenerative insults including: traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroinflammation is responsible for most of the secondary damage that occurs within region of the insult including the formation of cavities and cysts that inhibit neuronal growth. Promising targets include secreted phospholipase-A2 enzymes (sPLA2) given that they are up-regulated following neurodegenerative insults and liberate lysolipids and fatty acids which initiate pro-inflammatory cascades. In the following body of work we outline the anatomical and molecular consequences of sPLA2 inhibition following traumatic brain injury. Systemic treatment with an uncompetitive sPLA2 inhibitor (CHEC-9) reduced sPLA2 activity the injury site leading to neuroprotection via the following mechanisms; 1) reducing phospholipid breakdown (and PLA2 products), 2) diminishing ceramide generation, 3) inhibiting activation of microglia/macrophages in the injury site and 4) reducing apoptosis-resulting in a significant reduction in neuronal degeneration.
<title>Improvement of low-temperature sensing realized with a superlattice infrared photodetector</title> (2001)

It is found that the temperature accuracy (dT), measured by the photocurrent ratio of two linearly independent spectral responses, depends on two factors. One is the dissimilarity of the spectral responses determined primarily by the separation of the long and short wavelength peaks, and is not related with their responsivity magnitude. The other is dominated between the smaller S/N for the two measured photocurrents. The dissimilarity can be improved by moving the short wavelength peak to an even shorter one. However, this decreases the signal magnitude measured by the shorter wavelength peak at low target temperature, and results in the degradation of the S/N and (Delta) T. Therefore, a superlattice structure with absorption peaks at 6.7 micrometers and 9.7 micrometers was designed, and the wavelength separation is less than the conventional two-color QWIP. The spectral response of the detector is voltage-tunable through a current blocking layer that acts as an energy filter for the photo-excited carriers. The measured peak detectivity of this detector is 3.7 X 10<SUP>9</SUP> cmHz<SUP>0.5</SUP>/W (9.7 micrometers ) at -0.5 V and 2.2 X 10<SUP>10</SUP> cmHz<SUP>0.5</SUP>/W (6.7 micrometers ) at -0.1 V at 45K. Our detector is capable of measuring target temperatures ranging from 300K to 1200K and higher. The estimated (Delta) T is 0.8K for 300K target, and 0.17K for 1200K target.
Efficacy of Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring During Intra- and Extramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery: A Prospective Multicenter Study of the Monitoring Committee of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research (2021)

Postoperative MD rates in IMSCT and EMSCT surgeries using TcMEP monitoring were 25% and 6%, and rescue rates were 29% and 55%. We believe that the usage of TcMEP monitoring and appropriate intervention techniques during SCT surgeries might have predicted and prevented the occurrence of intraoperative MDs.
Joint Parsing and Generation for Abstractive Summarization (2019)

Sentences produced by abstractive summarization systems can be ungrammatical and fail to preserve the original meanings, despite being locally fluent. In this paper we propose to remedy this problem by jointly generating a sentence and its syntactic dependency parse while performing abstraction. If generating a word can introduce an erroneous relation to the summary, the behavior must be discouraged. The proposed method thus holds promise for producing grammatical sentences and encouraging the summary to stay true-to-original. Our contributions of this work are twofold. First, we present a novel neural architecture for abstractive summarization that combines a sequential decoder with a tree-based decoder in a synchronized manner to generate a summary sentence and its syntactic parse. Secondly, we describe a novel human evaluation protocol to assess if, and to what extent, a summary remains true to its original meanings. We evaluate our method on a number of summarization datasets and demonstrate competitive results against strong baselines.
iNOS, eNOS, and XOR involvement in hyperglycaemia-induced kidney injury in rats with streptozotocin diabetes mellitus (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Thrombospondin Mutations and Patients With Primary Congenital Glaucoma in a United States Population (2023)

Mutations in the thrombospondin 1 ( THBS1 ) gene have been previously reported in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) pedigrees that exhibit autosomal dominant inheritance with low penetrance. We sought to determine the role of THBS1 mutations in a cohort of 20 patients with PCG and 362 normal controls from Iowa using a combination of Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing. We detected 16 different THBS1 variants, including 4 rare, nonsynonymous variants (p.Thr611Met, p.Asn708Lys, p.Gln1089His, and p.Glu1166Lys). However, none of these variants were judged to be disease-causing mutations based on: 1) prevalence in cases and controls from Iowa, 2) prevalence in the public database gnomAD, 3) mutation analysis algorithms, and 4) THBS1 DNA sequence conservation. These results indicate THBS1 mutations are not a common cause of PCG in patients from Iowa and may be a rare cause of PCG overall.
Real-Time Iterative Compensation Framework for Precision Mechatronic Motion Control Systems (2022)

With regard to precision/ultra-precision motion systems, it is important to achieve excellent tracking performance for various trajectory tracking tasks even under uncertain external disturbances. In this paper, to overcome the limitation of robustness to trajectory variations and external disturbances in offline feedforward compensation strategies such as iterative learning control (ILC), a novel real-time iterative compensation (RIC) control framework is proposed for precision motion systems without changing the inner closed-loop controller. Specifically, the RIC method can be divided into two parts, i.e., accurate model prediction and real-time iterative compensation. An accurate prediction model considering lumped disturbances is firstly established to predict tracking errors at future sampling times. In light of predicted errors, a feedforward compensation term is developed to modify the following reference trajectory by real-time iterative calculation. Both the prediction and compensation processes are finished in a real-time motion control sampling period. The stability and convergence of the entire control system after real-time iterative compensation is analyzed for different conditions. Various simulation results consistently demonstrate that the proposed RIC framework possesses satisfactory dynamic regulation capability, which contributes to high tracking accuracy comparable to ILC or even better and strong robustness.
Additional file 12: Figure S4. of Tankyrase inhibition impairs directional migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by affecting microtubule dynamics and polarity signals (2016)

Centrosome relocation is perturbed by TNKS silencing. (PPTX 239 kb)
Correction to Inhibitors of Ketohexokinase: Discovery of Pyrimidinopyrimidines with Specific Substitution that Complements the ATP-Binding Site (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Inhibitors of Ketohexokinase: Discovery of Pyrimidinopyrimidines with Specific Substitution that Complements the ATP-Binding SiteBruce E. Maryanoff*, John C. O'Neill*, David F. McComsey, Stephen C. Yabut, Diane K. Luci, Alfonzo D. Jordan, Jr., John A. Masucci, William J. Jones, Marta C. Abad, Alan C. Gibbs, and Ioanna PetrouniaCite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 3, 263Publication Date (Web):February 6, 2012Publication History Published online6 February 2012Published inissue 8 March 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml300023ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ml300023ecorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views721Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (119 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Inhibition,Inhibitors Get e-Alerts
Estimation in autoregressive processes with partial observations (2017)

We consider the problem of estimating the covariance matrix and the transition matrix of vector autoregressive (VAR) processes from partial measurements. This model encompasses settings where there are limitations in the data acquisition of the underlying measurement systems so that data is lost or corrupted by noise. An estimator for the covariance matrix of the observations is first presented. More refined estimators, factoring in structural constraints on the covariance matrix such as sparsity, bandedness, sparsity of the inverse and low-rankness are then introduced that are particularly useful in the high-dimensional regime. These estimates are then used to perform system identification by estimating the state transition matrix with or without further structural assumptions. Non-asymptotic guarantees are presented for all estimators.
Translational impact of basic science promotes a new era of precision medicine for migraine (2023)

Abstract Precision medicine has emerged as a powerful approach to improve treatment outcomes for many medical conditions by consideration of the genetic characteristics of the patient. Migraine is likely to be the world’s most common neurological disorder affecting over 1 billion people, approximately 700 million of whom are women. Yet, patient sex, the most basic genetic difference, is rarely considered in selection of therapies for people with migraine. Preclinical studies reveal that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neurotransmitter thought to be causal in promoting migraine in many patients, elicits female selective pain and headache-like responses. Consistent with this, we report a subgroup analysis of publicly available clinical data evaluating small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists for the acute migraine revealing preferential efficacy in women. Analyses of human post-mortem sensory neurons from male and female donors reveal sexual dimorphism at transcript, protein and functional levels. These findings raise the possibility that regardless of common diagnosis and phenotype, mechanisms promoting migraine pain may differ between sexes. Such qualitative sex differences suggest that clinical trials should include sex-specific analyses, that sex stratified treatment guidelines may improve treatment outcomes in migraine and that the uniform therapeutic approach to pain-related disorders in men and women requires reassessment.
Search for same-sign top-quark production and fourth-generation down-type quarks in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = {7}\;{\text{TeV}} $ with the ATLAS detector (2012)

A bstract A search is presented for same-sign top-quark production and down-type heavy quarks of charge −1/3 in events with two isolated leptons ( e or μ ) that have the same electric charge, at least two jets and large missing transverse momentum. The data are selected from pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = {7}\;{\text{TeV}} $ recorded by the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb −1 . The observed data are consistent with expectations from Standard Model processes. Upper limits are set at 95 % confidence level on the cross section of new sources of same-sign top-quark pair production of 1.4-2.0 pb depending on the assumed mediator mass. Upper limits are also set on the pair-production cross-section for new heavy down-type quarks; a lower limit of 450 GeV is set at 95 % confidence level on the mass of heavy down-type quarks under the assumption that they decay 100 % of the time to W t .
Earliest radiological progression in glioblastoma by multidisciplinary consensus review (2018)

PFS and Vprog vary considerably between progression definitions. Earliest radiological progression by retrospective consensus review should be considered to accurately localize progression and to address confounding of lead time bias in clinical trial enrollment.