gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Treatment for High-Risk Clear Cell Renal Cancer (2017)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00326898.
Evidence of Raman-induced polarization pulling (2009)

The interest towards passive control of the light polarization through nonlinear effects has been stimulated by recent works: in particular a polarization pulling effect has been obtained by means of stimulated Brillouin scattering. Here we investigate the condition for obtaining polarization pulling by exploiting the stimulated Raman scattering, which is most suitable for optical communications thanks to its large gain bandwidth. The role of the polarization-dependent Raman amplification and of the random fiber birefringence is clarified by theoretical considerations and numerical simulations starting from the vector theory of the Raman effect in optical fiber. Experiments carried out with a 1571-nm signal and high-power 1486-nm pump evidence the Raman-induced polarization pulling.
Recruitment of kindlin-3 to plasma membrane through its PH domain precedes high affinity β2 integrin activation and neutrophil arrest (2020)

Abstract Leukocytes including neutrophils must adhere to the vascular endothelium in order to respond to injury or infection. Integrin-mediated neutrophil adhesion starts by arrest from rolling. Activation of integrins involves conformational changes from an inactive bent conformation to an extended conformation (E+) with high affinity for ligand binding (H+). The cytoplasmic protein kindlin-3 is required for leukocyte adhesion; mutations of kindlin-3 cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism by which kindlin-3 regulates β2 integrin activation is unknown. Here we measured the spatiotemporal dynamics of kindlin-3 and β2 integrin conformation changes during neutrophil and HL-60 cell rolling and arrest under flow. Using high-resolution quantitative dynamic footprinting (qDF) microscopy and kindlin-3-fluorescent protein (FP) fusion proteins, we find that kindlin-3 is recruited to the plasma membrane prior to induction of the H+ β2 integrin conformation. Deletion of kindlin-3 or its lipid-binding pleckstrin homology (PH) domain completely abolished H+ β2 integrin induction. Intravital imaging of bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that EGFP-tagged kindlin-3-expressing neutrophils, but not control kindlin-3-deficient neutrophils, arrested in cremaster venules in vivo in response to CXCL1. Our data show that kindlin-3 is indispensable for the H+ β2 integrin conformation and crucial for integrin-mediated leukocyte adhesion during inflammation.
Elucidation of a Sequential Iminium Ion Cascade Reaction Triggered by a Silica Gel-Promoted Aza-Peterson Reaction (2020)

In a recent methodological study investigating the synthesis of <i>N</i>-alkoxyazomethine ylides, an unexpected aminal byproduct was generated during our attempt to isolate <i>O</i>-benzyl-<i>N</i>-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)hydroxylamine. After a strategic investigation, silica gel was discovered to be the cause of the byproduct formation. Through the mechanistic insight from control and trapping experiments, we propose the formation of a methaniminium ion via a novel aza-Peterson reaction, which ultimately triggers a sequential iminium ion cascade sequence. Herein, we discuss the elucidation of this cascade reaction mechanism and the constraints for the byproduct formation.
Abstract CN06-04: Optical coherence tomography imaging of preneoplastic lung lesion (2010)

Abstract Although autofluorescence bronchoscopy improves the detection rate of high grade dysplasia and carcinoma in-situ compares to white-light examination, the natural history of preneoplastic bronchial lesions is still poorly understood because the biopsy procedure for histological confirmation can mechanically remove these small lesions. The lack of accurate information regarding the spontaneous progression and regression rates of preneoplastic lesions make if difficult to assess the effect of chemoprevention agents. It is therefore important to develop non-biopsy methods that can characterize preneoplastic lesions in the bronchial epithelium. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging method that can visualize cellular and extra-cellular structures at and below tissue surface. In principle, it is similar to B-type ultrasound. Instead of using sound waves, a low coherence near infra-red light such as from a broadband 1300 nm superluminescent diode source is passed into the tissue. By detecting the reflected light as it interacts with tissue structures as a function of depth, a cross sectional image is created through optical interferometry. Its contrast is the backscattered light from interfaces at different depths in the tissue, due to the heterogeneity of optical refractive indices from different tissue compositions and densities. Changes in the extracellular matrix can be readily seen due to the strong back-scattering properties of collagen and elastin. OCT provides cross-sectional tomographic images about anatomic layered structures of tissues with a large field-of-view, a spatial resolution of 3 to 16 microns and a depth penetration of 2 – 3 mm to provide near-histological images. The imaging procedure is performed using fiber optic probes that can be miniaturized to enable imaging of airways down to the terminal bronchiole. Unlike ultrasound, light waves do not require liquid based coupling medium and thus are more compatible with airway imaging. There are no associated risks from the weak near infrared light. OCT has distinct advantages over CT and MRI for imaging small airways in-vivo in that it has superior resolution approaching near-microscopic resolution and requires no ionizing radiation. It has advantages over confocal microscopy in that it can penetrate tissue three times deeper, does not require contact with the tissue surface and is less susceptible to motion artifacts due to real-time image acquisition. In addition to morphometric information, functional OCT, such as Doppler OCT, can also provide quantitative information on blood flow of blood vessels and micro-vasculature. OCT imaging has been applied to study bronchial and lung tissues and has been shown to be promising in the detection and characterization of preneoplastic lesions tumor in central and peripheral airways. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):CN06-04.
Data associated with publication: Enhanced and unconventional responses in chemiresistive sensing devices for nitrogen dioxide and ammonia from carboxylated alkylthiophene polymers (2021)

The data consists of all raw and processed data pertaining to this publication. Data (Part 1) consists of compilation of semiconductor characteristics of polymers without gas exposure and with gas exposure (concentration range of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide). In addition, raw data for remote gate sensing are included. In Data (Part 2), 4 point conductivity measurements, GPC, XPS, and processed data compilations and figures are included. From the article abstract: A carboxylated thiophene polymer-based chemiresistive device in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration with unusual and enhanced responses to the widespread pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) is described. The device based on a polymeric thiophene carboxylic acid showed a dramatic and superlinear increase in drain current (ID) of over 15000% to a ramped exposure to 10 ppm NO2 over several minutes, while its ethyl ester counterpart had significantly lower response. Devices incorporating either an ester or carboxylic acid displayed comparable and previously unreported increases in (ID from 10 ppm ramped NH3 exposure of 200–300%. Conventional poly(alkylthiophenes) showed the expected current decreases from similar NH3 exposures. Using threshold voltage shifts in silicon transistors coupled to our recently reported remote gate (RG) platform with thiophene polymer coatings, we determined that two differing response mechanisms are associated with the two gas exposures. By calculating the charge density induced in the polymers by NO2 exposure using the silicon transistor voltage shifts, we conclude that proton conduction contributes significantly to the high sensitivity of the carboxylic acid to NO2, in addition to doping that was observed for all four polymers. Furthermore, hydrogen bonding moieties of the carboxylic acid and ester may be able to physisorb NH3 and thus alter the charge distribution, rearrange polymer chains, and/or create a proton transfer network leading to the ID increase that is the opposite of the response obtained from non-carboxylated thiophene polymers.
Higher order neural processing with input-adaptive dynamic weights on MoS2 memtransistor crossbars (2022)

The increasing complexity of deep learning systems has pushed conventional computing technologies to their limits. While the memristor is one of the prevailing technologies for deep learning acceleration, it is only suited for classical learning layers where only two operands, namely weights and inputs, are processed simultaneously. Meanwhile, to improve the computational efficiency of deep learning for emerging applications, a variety of non-traditional layers requiring concurrent processing of many operands are becoming popular. For example, hypernetworks improve their predictive robustness by simultaneously processing weights and inputs against the application context. Two-electrode memristor grids cannot directly map emerging layers’ higher-order multiplicative neural interactions. Addressing this unmet need, we present crossbar processing using dual-gated memtransistors based on two-dimensional semiconductor MoS 2 . Unlike the memristor, the resistance states of memtransistors can be persistently programmed and can be actively controlled by multiple gate electrodes. Thus, the discussed memtransistor crossbar enables several advanced inference architectures beyond a conventional passive crossbar. For example, we show that sneak paths can be effectively suppressed in memtransistor crossbars, whereas they limit size scalability in a passive memristor crossbar. Similarly, exploiting gate terminals to suppress crossbar weights dynamically reduces biasing power by ∼20% in memtransistor crossbars for a fully connected layer of AlexNet. On emerging layers such as hypernetworks, collocating multiple operations within the same crossbar cells reduces operating power by <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m1"><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo><mml:mn>15</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math> on the considered network cases.
Measurement of online social networks (2010)

In recent years, the popularity of online social networks (OSN) has risen to unprecedented levels, with the most popular ones having hundreds of millions of users. This success has generated interest within the networking community and has given rise to a number of measurement and characterization studies, which provide a first step towards their understanding. The large size and access limitations of most online social networks make it difficult to obtain a full view of users and their relations. Sampling methods are thus essential for practical estimation of OSN properties. 
Key to OSN sampling schemes is the fact that users are, by definition, connected to one another via some relation. Therefore, samples of OSN users can be obtained by exploring the OSN social graph or graphs induced by other relations between users. While sampling can, in principle, allow precise inference from a relatively small number of observations, this depends critically on the ability to collect a sample with known statistical properties. An early family of measurement studies followed Breadth-First-Search (BFS) type approaches, where all nodes of a graph reachable from an initial seed were explored exhaustively. In this thesis, we follow a more principled approach: we perform random walks on the social graph to collect uniform samples of OSN users, which are representative and appropriate for further statistical analysis. 
First, we provide an instructive comparison of different graph exploration techniques and apply a number of known but perhaps underutilized methods to this problem. We show that previously used BFS-type methods can produce biased samples with poor statistical properties when the full graph is not covered, while randoms walks perform remarkably well. We also demonstrate how to measure online convergence for random walk-based approaches. Second, we propose multigraph sampling, a novel technique that performs a random walk on a combination of OSN user relations. Performed properly, multigraph sampling can improve mixing time and yield an asymptotic probability sample of a target population even where no single connected relation on the same population is available. Third, we apply the presented methods to collect some of the first known unbiased samples of large scale OSNs. An important part of this collection is the development of efficient crawlers that address the related technical challenges. Using the collected datasets we present characterization studies of Facebook and Last.fm. Finally we present the first study to characterize the statistical properties of OSN applications and propose a method to model the application installation process.
SMN protein is required throughout life to prevent spinal muscular atrophy disease progression (2021)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by the loss of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene function. The related SMN2 gene partially compensates but produces insufficient levels of SMN protein due to alternative splicing of exon 7. Evrysdi™ (risdiplam), recently approved for the treatment of SMA, and related compounds promote exon 7 inclusion to generate full-length SMN2 mRNA and increase SMN protein levels. SMNΔ7 type I SMA mice survive without treatment for ~17 days. SMN2 mRNA splicing modulators increase survival of SMN∆7 mice with treatment initiated at postnatal day 3 (PND3). To define SMN requirements for adult mice, SMNΔ7 mice were dosed with an SMN2 mRNA splicing modifier from PND3 to PND40, then dosing was stopped. Mice not treated after PND40 showed progressive weight loss, necrosis, and muscle atrophy after ~20 days. Male mice presented a more severe phenotype than female mice. Mice dosed continuously did not show disease symptoms. The estimated half-life of SMN protein is 2 days indicating that the SMA phenotype reappeared after SMN protein levels returned to baseline. Although SMN protein levels decreased with age in mice and SMN protein levels were higher in brain than in muscle, our studies suggest that SMN protein is required throughout the life of the mouse and is especially essential in adult peripheral tissues including muscle. These studies indicate that drugs such as risdiplam will be optimally therapeutic when given as early as possible after diagnosis and potentially will be required for the life of an SMA patient.
Trapping acrylamide by a Michael addition: A computational study of the reaction between acrylamide and niacin (2014)

Neurotoxic and carcinogenic acrylamide (ACR) is present in many food products. This finding spurred numerous studies for ACR scavengers. Niacin is putatively one of them because it reacts via Michael addition with ACR to form 1‐propanamide‐3‐carboxy pyridinium. Here, we study the mechanism and energetics of this reaction in aqueous solution by density functional theory. The CAM‐B3LYP and M06‐2X functionals with the 6‐31+G(d,p) basis set and implicit solvent were used. Single point calculations at the MP2 level with the same basis set were performed on optimized structures obtained at the M06‐2X level. Solvent effects comprehended both polarizable continuum model and solvation model density solvation models. The calculated NMR chemical shifts of 1‐propanamide‐3‐carboxy pyridinium are in agreement with experimental results. The theoretical study favors thermodynamically the formation of the adduct while the calculated activation energies turn out not to be too dissimilar from the ones measured for the alkylation reaction between ACR and 4( p ‐nitrobenzyl)pyridine. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Barley whole exome capture: a tool for genomic research in the genus Hordeum and beyond (2013)

Advanced resources for genome-assisted research in barley (Hordeum vulgare) including a whole-genome shotgun assembly and an integrated physical map have recently become available. These have made possible studies that aim to assess genetic diversity or to isolate single genes by whole-genome resequencing and in silico variant detection. However such an approach remains expensive given the 5 Gb size of the barley genome. Targeted sequencing of the mRNA-coding exome reduces barley genomic complexity more than 50-fold, thus dramatically reducing this heavy sequencing and analysis load. We have developed and employed an in-solution hybridization-based sequence capture platform to selectively enrich for a 61.6 megabase coding sequence target that includes predicted genes from the genome assembly of the cultivar Morex as well as publicly available full-length cDNAs and de novo assembled RNA-Seq consensus sequence contigs. The platform provides a highly specific capture with substantial and reproducible enrichment of targeted exons, both for cultivated barley and related species. We show that this exome capture platform provides a clear path towards a broader and deeper understanding of the natural variation residing in the mRNA-coding part of the barley genome and will thus constitute a valuable resource for applications such as mapping-by-sequencing and genetic diversity analyzes.
Transient and steady‐state permeation in poly(ethylene terephthlate) above and below the glass transition (1978)

Abstract Transient and steady‐state permeation data are reported for CO 2 in semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) for temperatures ranging from 25 to 115°C over the pressure range from 1 to 20 atm. The pressure dependency of the time lag and permeability disappears completely above the glass transition of the polymer, and Fick's law with a concentration‐independent diffusion coefficient applies. In the glassy state, a concentration‐dependent diffusion coefficient is necessary to describe the data. The form of this concentration dependence is described well by the partial immobilization transport model that attributes a different mobility to each of the two populations of sorbed gas which exist in local equilibrium with each other in glassy polymers. The importance of reporting the pressure used in transport experiments involving glassy polymers is emphasized by comparing the difference in the activation energy of the apparent diffusivity calculated from the measured time lag at 1 and 20 atm. Also, the magnitude of the observed slope discontinuity at T g in Arrhenius plots of these apparent diffusities is shown to be a function of the upstream pressure used in the experiment. The independently measured time lags are compared with the predicated values calculated from various transport models and found to be described best by the partial immobilization model.
Development of new anti-TNF therapy (2007)

We have generated the first TNFR1-selective antagonistic TNF mutant based on structural human TNF variants using our phage display technology. This TNF mutant did not activate TNFR1-mediated responses, although its affinity for TNFR1 was equivalent to human wild-type TNF (wtTNF). The TNF mutant neutralized wtTNF-induced TNFR1-mediated bioactivity without influencing TNFR2-mediated bioactivity. In hepatitis mouse models, the antagonistic TNF mutant significantly blocked liver injury caused by inflammation. These results indicate that antagonistic TNF mutants may be clinically useful for anti-TNF therapy and that phage display libraries of protein ligands can be used to select for receptor subtype-selective antagonists.
Histoire du parlement de Paris (2003)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Are Your Hosts Trading or Plotting? Telling P2P File-Sharing and Bots Apart (2010)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) substrates are now widely used for both file-sharing and botnet command-and-control. Despite the commonality of their substrates, we show that the different goals and circumstances of these applications give rise to behaviors that can be distinguished in network flow records. Using features related to traffic volume, “churn” among peers, and differences between human-driven and machine-driven traffic, we develop a technique for identifying P2P bots (the Plotters) and, in particular, separating them from file-sharing hosts (the Traders). Evaluations performed on traffic recorded at the edge of a university network show that we can achieve, e.g., 87.50% detection of Storm bots with a 0.47% false positive rate. We also demonstrate the significant extent to which Plotter behaviors would need to change to evade our technique.
BGP based Multi-homing in Virtual Private LAN Service (2019)

Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) is a Layer 2 Virtual Private
Network (VPN) that gives its customers the appearance that their sites
are connected via a Local Area Network (LAN). It is often required for
the Service Provider (SP) to give the customer redundant connectivity
to some sites, often called multi-homing. This memo shows how BGP-
based multi-homing can be offered in the context of LDP and BGP VPLS
solutions.
Non-uniform polling scheme with activity detection for real-time services in wireless LAN (2004)

This paper proposes effective polling scheme to control a polling interval adaptively by considering the characteristics of real-time traffic and delay constraint. In this scheme, the initial polling token generation time of each source is set as the polling interval of each source, and whether source is serviced in the frame or not is decided by relationship between poling token generation time and frame length (T). The proposed scheme adjusts the polling interval dynamically, considering delay bound whenever AP detects the inactive transition of sources. The attractive feature of the proposed scheme is that is uses contention-free based mechanism for activity detection of real-time traffic and simultaneously revised polling token generation time used for activity detection can guarantee the delay bound of real-time traffic, still conforming to IEEE 802.11 standard. Therefore this method improves inefficiency of legacy contention or contention-free based activity detection scheme. Also the proposed mechanism increases system capacity through reduction of unnecessary delay caused by the transmission of polling message when a mobile station has no packet to be transmitted. Our simulation study demonstrates that capacity of the real-time traffic can be increased considerably.
Anisotropic thin-walled beam models: A rational deduction from three-dimensional elasticity (2009)

In this paper anisotropic thin-walled beam models are rationally deduced from three-dimensional elasticity by means of a constrained approach. Consistent frictionless internal constraints on both stress and strain dual fields are enforced through a modified Hu–Washizu functional obtained by a nonstandard application of Lagrange multipliers. Beam theories accounting for different shear refinement levels are justified, showing that this variational approach enables the development of new refined models, including high-order nonconventional effects and enhancing standard treatments of shear deformation effects. In agreement with the constrained problem, a locally equilibrated approximation of the stress field acting on beam cross-section is recovered in closed form. Finally, cases of laminated thin-walled beams as well as of unilateral conewise constitutive behavior (with special reference to bimodular materials) are investigated.