gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of host nutrition on virulence and fitness of entomopathogenic nematodes: Lipid- and protein-based supplements in Tenebrio molitor diets. (2008)

Entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema riobrave, were tested for virulence and reproductive yield in Tenebrio molitor that were fed wheat bran diets with varying lipid- and protein-based supplements. Lipid supplements were based on 20% canola oil, peanut, pork or salmon, or a low lipid control (5% canola). Protein treatments consisted of basic supplement ingredients plus 0, 10, or 20% egg white; a bran-only control was also included. Some diet supplements had positive effects on nematode quality, whereas others had negative or neutral effects. All supplements with 20% lipids except canola oil caused increased T. molitor susceptibility to H. indica, whereas susceptibility to S. riobrave was not affected. Protein supplements did not affect host susceptibility, and neither lipid nor protein diet supplements affected reproductive capacity of either nematode species. Subsequently, we determined the pest control efficacy of progeny of nematodes that had been reared through T. molitor from different diets against Diaprepes abbreviatus and Otiorhynchus sulcatus. All nematode treatments reduced insect survival relative to the control (water only). Nematodes originating from T. molitor diets with the 0% or 20% protein exhibited lower efficacy versus D. abbreviatus than the intermediate level of protein (10%) or bran-only treatments. Nematodes originating from T. molitor lipid or control diets did not differ in virulence. Our research indicates that nutritional content of an insect host diet can affect host susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes and nematode fitness; therefore, host media could conceivably be optimized to increase in vivo nematode production efficiency.
Resolving the Subsurface Structure and Elastic Modulus of Layered Films via Contact Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy (2022)

Since its discovery, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become widely used for surface characterization, evolving from a tool for probing surface topography to a versatile method for characterizing mechanical, electrical, chemical, magnetic, and electro-optical properties of surfaces at the nanoscale. Developments of several AFM-based techniques have enabled even subsurface imaging, which is routinely being carried out at the qualitative level of feature detection for localized subsurface inhomogeneities. We surmise, however, that a quantitative three-dimensional (3D) subsurface characterization can emerge from the AFM mechanical response of flat buried interfaces, and present here a methodology for determining the depth of a film and its mechanical properties. Using load-dependent contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) and accurate modeling of the contact between the AFM tip and a layered sample, we determine the relationship between the measured resonance frequency of the AFM probe and the contact stiffness. Our subsequent statistical analysis reveals an intrinsic and sample-specific interdependence between the depth and modulus sensitivities of CR-AFM. This interdependence prevents the simultaneous accurate determination of both depth and modulus from measurements on a single-layered sample. If the elastic moduli of the sample components are predetermined from separate investigations of bulk samples (or otherwise known), then this methodology accurately yields the location of the interface between the layers of the sample; as such, it can serve as a nondestructive and robust technique for probing layer thickness, subsurface features, and elastic properties of materials used in semiconductor electronics, additive manufacturing, or biomaterials.
Surface Activity-Tuned Metal Oxide Chemiresistor: Toward Direct and Quantitative Halitosis Diagnosis (2021)

Continuous monitoring of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) in human breath for early stage diagnosis of halitosis is of great significance for prevention of dental diseases. However, fabrication of a highly selective and sensitive H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensor material still remains a challenge, and direct analysis of real breath samples has not been properly attempted, to the best of our knowledge. To address the issue, herein, we introduce facile cofunctionalization of WO<sub>3</sub> nanofibers with alkaline metal (Na) and noble metal (Pt) catalysts <i>via</i> the simple addition of sodium chloride (NaCl) and Pt nanoparticles (NPs), followed by electrospinning process. The Na-doping and Pt NPs decoration in WO<sub>3</sub> grains induces the partial evolution of the Na<sub>2</sub>W<sub>4</sub>O<sub>13</sub> phase, causing the buildup of Pt/Na<sub>2</sub>W<sub>4</sub>O<sub>13</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> multi-interface heterojunctions that selectively interacts with sulfur-containing species. As a result, we achieved the highest-ranked sensing performances, that is, response (<i>R</i><sub>air</sub>/<i>R</i><sub>gas</sub>) = 780 @ 1 ppm and selectivity (<i>R</i><sub>H2S</sub>/<i>R</i><sub>EtOH</sub>) = 277 against 1 ppm ethanol, among the chemiresistor-based H<sub>2</sub>S sensors, owing to the synergistic chemical and electronic sensitization effects of the Pt NP/Na compound cocatalysts. The as-prepared sensing layer was proven to be practically effective for direct, and quantitative halitosis analysis based on the correlation (accuracy = 86.3%) between the H<sub>2</sub>S concentration measured using the direct breath signals obtained by our test device (80 cases) and gas chromatography. This study offers possibilities for direct, highly reliable and rapid detection of H<sub>2</sub>S in real human breath without the need of any collection or filtering equipment.
Photochemistry of Ortho, Ortho‘ Dialkyl Phenyl Azides (2003)

Phenyl azide, 2,6-diethylphenyl azide, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azide, and 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl azide were studied by laser flash photolysis (LFP) methods. LFP (266 nm) of the azides in glassy 3-methylpentane at 77 K produces the transient UV-vis absorption spectra of the corresponding singlet nitrenes. At 77 K, the singlet nitrenes relax to the corresponding triplet nitrenes. The triplet nitrenes are persistent at 77 K and their spectra were recorded. The rate constants of singlet to triplet intersystem crossing were determined at this temperature. LFP of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl phenyl azide in pentane at ambient temperature again produces a singlet nitrene, which is too short-lived to detect by nanosecond spectroscopy under these conditions. Unlike the other azides, the first detectable intermediate produced upon LFP of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl phenyl azide at ambient temperature is the benzazirine (285 nm) which has a lifetime of 62 ns controlled by ring opening to a didehydroazepine. The results are interpreted with the aid of Density Functional Theoretical and Molecular Orbital Calculations.
Percutaneous repair of the tricuspid valve using a novel cinching device: acute and chronic experience in a preclinical large animal model (2016)

Percutaneous beating heart remodelling of the tricuspid annulus with a cinching device is safe and feasible.
E-commerce Product Query Classification Using Implicit User’s Feedback from Clicks (2018)

Query classification (QC) has been widely studied to understand users' search intent. For e-commerce search queries, users typically search for either a specific product or a category of products. In both cases, a query can be associated with a category label that belongs to a taxonomy tree describing the items in the catalog. However, product-related search queries are typically short, ambiguous, and continuously changing depending on seasonal trends and the introduction of new products over time. Traditional supervised approaches to e-commerce QC are not feasible due to the high cost of manual annotation and the high volume of traffic on e-commerce search engines. In this work, we introduce an unsupervised method to collect large amounts of query classification data using user's implicit click feedback. We obtain a large multi-label dataset containing 403,349 unique queries from 2,085 categories. We compare and contrast different state-of-the-art text classifiers and demonstrate that an ensemble of linear SVMs models achieves a micro-F1 score of 0.60 and 0.82 at leaf and top level, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydropyran Derivatives from γ‐ and δ‐Hexonolactones. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling Viscous Oil and Tar Mat Formation from Nanoscale to Macroscale (2022)

Abstract Viscous oil and tar mats often occur at and near the oil-water contact (OWC) and can result from multiple charges of incompatible fluids with regard to asphaltene stability. The most easily measured oilfield case is gas charge into oil, where the increase of solution gas near the gas-oil contact (GOC) causes local instability of asphaltenes which can then lead to viscous oil and tar mats at the OWC. However, the detailed mechanisms that occur in geologic time to transport destabilized asphaltenes over large distances from the GOC to the OWC has yet to be fully resolved. Asphaltene destabilization towards the top of the reservoir, transport and accumulation at the base of the reservoir can be treated within a conceptual multistep process: instability driven by diffusion of light ends into the oil at the GOC, Stokes falling and diffusion of asphaltene nanocolloidal particles to the base of the interval, convective transport to the base of the reservoir, and finally, local asphaltene equilibration at the base of the reservoir. This conceptual model lays the foundation and provides the framework for forward modeling the formation of viscous oil and tar mats at the OWC. Here we introduce a simple, one-dimension composite model that accounts for all key physics and chemistry aspects of asphaltene instability, transport outcomes and bulk phase transition. This model can be used to predict different reservoir realizations given specific charge fluids, timing of charge, and reservoir attributes. This model employs the asphaltene thermodynamic equation, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo equation of state, and its reliance on the asphaltene nanostructures in the Yen-Mullins model and is shown to be applicable from nanoscale to macroscale. In a broader context, these reservoir processes fall within the new technical discipline ‘reservoir fluid geodynamics’. The target applications for this modeling include identification of possible key reservoir performance drivers through generation of different possible reservoir realizations and as a job planner for data acquisition and analysis to differentiate among reservoir realizations for optimization of field development planning. This approach is a template for forward modeling a broad array of fluid and rock complexities through a comprehensive deposition, trap filling and geodynamics perspective.
A Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor prevents antigen-driven B cell activation, germinal center persistence and memory B cell re-activation in vivo (109.10) (2012)

Abstract The Tec family kinase, Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), is one of the key intracellular signaling components proximal to the B cell receptor (BCR). In this study, we utilized an orally-accessible BTK inhibitor (BTKi) to study the functional effects blocking this signaling pathway has on antigen-driven B cell activation in vivo. We report that BTK is required for anti-IgD driven B cell activation in vivo as evidenced by suppression of the surface activation markers CD86 and mRNA transcripts (e.g. c-Myc, Bcl-xL, CCL3, CD98, EBI2, EGR1, EGR2 and IRF4) otherwise rapidly induced upon engagement of the BCR with antigen. Using the T-dependent protein PE and SRBCs as model antigens, we tested for a requirement of BTK in generating antigen-specific IgM and IgG antibody titers and germinal centers, and find that BTK is required for germinal center maintenance. Lastly, we tested for a role of BTK in long-lived PE-specific memory B cell re-activation and report that BTKi significantly suppressed the induction of PE-specific IgM and IgG titers upon antigen re-challenge. The use of BTKi allowed us to bypass the impact a genetically inactivated BTK gene has on B cell development and to assess BTK inactivation in both a wild-type setting and in a temporal manner. These results provide insight into the role of BTK in BCR-driven B cell activation in various antigen naïve and experienced B cell populations.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST) in the Preparation of Synthons of Carbocyclic Nucleosides. (1988)

Abstract The title compound (II) converts the protected pseudo sugars (Ia), (Ib) or (VIII) (available from the compound (VII)) into the products indicated in the scheme.
Balancing and resource planning : the gap between theory and practice (1999)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Improvement in Power Efficiency in Organic Light Emitting Diodes Through Intermediate Mg:Ag Layer in LiF∕Mg:Ag∕Al Cathodes (2007)

Effects of Mg:Ag interlayer between LiF and Al on electron injection and device performances of organic light-emitting diodes&#13;\n OLEDs were investigated. Thickness of Mg:Ag layer was changed from 0 to 10 nm and the relationship between interlayer&#13;\nthickness and device performances was studied. Current density of OLEDs was increased due to efficient electron injection from&#13;\ncathode to organic layer by Mg:Ag interlayer. In addition, power efficiency of OLEDs was improved by more than 50% due to low&#13;\ndriving voltage and high recombination efficiency and it showed a maximum value at a Mg:Ag thickness of 1.0 nm.
Influence of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein B on Model Lung Surfactant Monolayers (2002)

Pressure−area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that human lung surfactant protein SP-B1-78 and the dimer of the amino terminus dSP-B1-25 modify the phase behavior of lipid mixtures consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/palmitoyl-oleyl-phosphatidylglycerol/palmitic acid (DPPC/POPG/PA). The addition of SP-B increases the fraction of fluid phase in the liquid-expanded/liquid-condensed two-phase region. Brewster angle microscopy enabled the visualization of a fluid network, which separates the condensed phase domains. This network is stabilized by SP-B adsorption. GIXD measurements show that SP-B also alters the structure of the condensed chain lattice leading to higher tilt and increased area per hydrocarbon chain. The comparison of SP-B1-78 with the shorter peptide dSP-B1-25 exhibits, that the dimer alters the lipid order more drastically. The larger effects found for dSP-B1-25 were explained using a model that assumes a partial incorporation of the peptide into the layer. The specific behavior of the dimer could enhance the activity of the peptide as found in recent animal model studies. This is the first investigation showing a systematic influence of SP-B on the condensed chain lattice of phospholipids, thus verifying that SP-B not only interacts with the expanded phase, but also interactions with the condensed phase lipids have to be taken into account which might be essential for proper peptide function.
APOBEC3F Constitutes a Barrier to Successful Cross-Species Transmission of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsmm to Humans (2021)

Simian immunodeficiency virus infecting sooty mangabeys (SIVsmm) has been transmitted to humans on at least nine occasions, giving rise to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) groups A to I. SIVsmm isolates replicate in human T cells and seem capable of overcoming major human restriction factors without adaptation. However, only groups A and B are responsible for the HIV-2 epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is largely unclear whether adaptive changes were associated with spread in humans. To address this, we examined the sensitivity of infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of five HIV-2 strains and representatives of five different SIVsmm lineages to various APOBEC3 proteins. We confirmed that SIVsmm strains replicate in human T cells, albeit with more variable replication fitness and frequently lower efficiency than HIV-2 IMCs. Efficient viral propagation was generally dependent on intact <i>vif</i> genes, highlighting the need for counteraction of APOBEC3 proteins. On average, SIVsmm was more susceptible to inhibition by human APOBEC3D, -F, -G, and -H than HIV-2. For example, human APOBEC3F reduced infectious virus yield of SIVsmm by ∼80% but achieved only ∼40% reduction in the case of HIV-2. Functional and mutational analyses of human- and monkey-derived alleles revealed that an R128T polymorphism in APOBEC3F contributes to species-specific counteraction by HIV-2 and SIVsmm Vifs. In addition, a T84S substitution in SIVsmm Vif increased its ability to counteract human APOBEC3F. Altogether, our results confirm that SIVsmm Vif proteins show intrinsic activity against human APOBEC3 proteins but also demonstrate that epidemic HIV-2 strains evolved an increased ability to counteract this class of restriction factors during human adaptation. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Viral zoonoses pose a significant threat to human health, and it is important to understand determining factors. SIVs infecting great apes gave rise to HIV-1. In contrast, SIVs infecting African monkey species have not been detected in humans, with one notable exception. SIVsmm from sooty mangabeys has crossed the species barrier to humans on at least nine independent occasions and seems capable of overcoming many innate defense mechanisms without adaptation. Here, we confirmed that SIVsmm Vif proteins show significant activity against human APOBEC3 proteins. Our analyses also revealed, however, that different lineages of SIVsmm are significantly more susceptible to inhibition by various human APOBEC3 proteins than HIV-2 strains. Mutational analyses suggest that an R128T substitution in APOBEC3F and a T84S change in Vif contribute to species-specific counteraction by HIV-2 and SIVsmm. Altogether, our results support that epidemic HIV-2 strains acquired increased activity against human APOBEC3 proteins to clear this restrictive barrier.
Electrochemical Sensing Platform for the Detection of Pesticides and GMO Protein in Food Matrices (2022)

The growing technology and development in the agriculture industry has led to the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) crops having which have high resistance to insecticides, thus there is a tremendous rise in the use of the pesticides/insecticide worldwide. The underlying concern is about the possible health issue related to their residues in the daily dietary intake viz sources such as water, fruits, vegetables and grains. Therefore, various regulatory bodies have set the maximum residue limits for safe use of these pesticides or insecticides in agriculture land. Secondly, regardless of the rising debate or controversies about the GMO’s among society and producer, their cultivation is constantly increasing. As the impact of cultivating these crops on human health are under study, more than 50 countries have mandated the labelling of these GMO’s proteins to ensure the right to information to the consumers. Although these pesticides/insecticides and GMO’s can be detected precisely using gold standard analytical methods in the food matrix, but these methods require an expert to handle, and stringent sample pre-processing steps. Thus, there is a high demand for the portable, on-field device which can be used at the consumer levels requiring no pre-sample processing steps. In our work, we explore the use of the electrochemical assay method to detect the pesticides such as Chlorpyrifos, Glyphosate and GMO proteins in high fat and low-fat food matrices. The assay-based electrochemical multiplex sensor has been developed by modifying the screen-printed Au-electrode/carbon electrode substrate with the respective antibody at optimized concentrations. The real low-fat and high-fat sample matrices has been prepared by simply blending the mix using home blender. The real sample matrix spiked with the pesticides /GMO protein were tested for calibrated dose response from 0.3 ng/mL- 243 ng/mL, and the limit of detection of less than &lt; 10 ng/mL were observed using this developed electrochemical portable device method. Such portable electrochemical device approach could be a promising on-field sensing tool for the pesticide and GMO protein detection. Figure 1
Thermally annealed iron thin film on an alumina barrier layer by ToF-SIMS (2015)

The authors report the positive and negative ion time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry spectra obtained with Bi32+ primary ions at 50 keV of an Fe film annealed in hydrogen at 750 °C to form Fe nanoparticles. This surface had been exposed to the air; it had previously been shown by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy to be entirely oxidized. The strongest signal in the positive ion spectrum corresponded to Fe+, with FexOyHz+ species also present. A substantial Al+ signal was observed due to exposure of the underlying alumina substrate. The negative ion spectrum showed O−, OH−, and AlO−.
Camera Based Document Image Retrieval with More Time and Memory Efficient LLAH (2008)

In this paper, we propose improvements of our camerabased document image retrieval method with Locally Likely Arrangement Hashing (LLAH). While LLAH has high accuracy, efficiency and robustness, it requires a large amount of memory. It is also required to speed up the retrieval of LLAH for applications to real-time document image retrieval. For these purposes, we introduce the following two improvements. The first one is reduction of the required amount of memory by removing less important features for indexing from the database and simplifying structure of the database. The second improvement is to reduce exploring alternatives during the retrieval process. From the experimental results, we have confirmed that the proposed improvements realize reduction of the required amount of memory by about 80 % and that of processing time by about 60%. 1.
355-nm UV light Generation in High-Quality CsB3O5 Fabricated by Post-Growth Heat Treatments (2005)

Post-growth heat treatments of CsB3O5 enable to produce high-quality optical devices free from scattering centers. It has generated 14-W UV radiation at 355 nm, which is three times higher than that obtained by LiB3O5.
Supplementary Table S4 from Detection of Promoter DNA Methylation in Urine and Plasma Aids the Detection of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene Methylation Detection, Sensitivity, Specificity Using Detectable vs. Non-detectable cutoff in NSCLC early stages&lt;/p&gt;
Spin Accumulation in Nondegenerate and Heavily Doped p-Type Germanium (2012)

Spin accumulation induced in p-type germanium from Fe/MgO tunnel contacts is studied as a function of hole concentration p (10^16 - 10^19 cm-3). For all p, the contacts are free of rectification and Schottky barrier, guaranteeing spin injection into the Ge and preventing spin accumulation enhancement by two-step tunneling via interface states. The observed spin accumulation is smallest for nondegenerate doping (p ~ 10^16 cm-3) and increases for heavily doped Ge. This trend is opposite to what is expected from spin injection and diffusion theory. For heavily doped Ge, the observed spin accumulation is orders of magnitude larger than predicted.