gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flat-panel imager utilizing a-Si TFT array technology : Electronic displays (2004)

We have developed a two-dimensional flat-panel imager (FPI) utilizing conventional amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film transistor (TFT) technology for AM-LCDs, and we have made a prototype. We can experimentally manufacture the FPI basically by utilizing conventional production lines of AM-LCDs, because the imager is based on the TFT array for AM-LCDs. The TFT performs both switching and photo-detecting functions itself. Using the FPI, we can capture monochrome images in real time, and can also achieve full-color images by introducing time-sequential driving based on a color backlight system with RGB-LEDs. The reliability of the TFT under bias and irradiation stress caused by capturing images is maintained by introducing an original driving method and processing the captured image. By making use of advantages the FPI has over conventional imaging systems, we hope that the FPI will be a useful compact imaging device for documents, pictures, fingerprints, and the like.
High Molecular Weight PVK as an Interlayer in Green Phosphorescent OLEDs (2011)

Performance of high molecular weight polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) (Mn = 1,100,000) as an interlayer has been demonstrated in the green phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (PHOLEDs) using solution process. The PVK interlayer on the surface of PEDOT:PSS has a good film uniformity characteristic with homogenous low dissolution, thereby improving the charge injection in the emissive layer effectively. The performance of high molecular weight PVK interlayer was compared with the poly(2,7-(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)-alt-(1,4-phenylene-((4-sec-butylphenyl)imino)-1,4-phenylene)) (TFB) interlayer. The maximum current and power efficiency values of 23.1cd/A, 9.8 lm/W were demonstrated using a PVK interlayer in the green PHOLED. The effect of high molecular weight PVK interlayer and the device structure by solution processing are provided with efficient and simple manufacturing.
The neutralizing response to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 in COVID-19 patients and homologous and heterologous vaccinees (2022)

The rapid replacement of Omicron BA.1 by BA.2 sublineage is very alarming, raising the question of whether BA.2 can escape the immunity acquired after BA.1 infection. We compared the neutralizing activity toward the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sub-lineages in five groups: COVID-19 patients; subjects who had received two doses of mRNA vaccine; subjects naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 who had received two doses of mRNA; and subjects who had received three doses of homologous or heterologous vaccine. The results obtained highlight the importance of vaccine boosters in eliciting neutralizing antibody responses against Omicron sub-lineages, and suggest that the adenovirus vectored vaccine elicits a lower response against BA.1 than against BA.2 sub-lineage.
Capacitor-less photovoltaic (PV) cell-level power balancing using diffusion charge redistribution (2014)

This paper presents a new strategy, diffusion charge redistribution (DCR), for balancing power among photovoltaic cells to increase energy extraction and to improve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency under partial shading conditions. With DCR, testing and binning during cell manufacturing can be eliminated, and significant cost savings can be achieved during production. The proposed technique performs power balancing by taking advantage the intrinsic diffusion capacitance of the solar cells and requires no external passive components for energy storage, thereby minimizing power electronics cost and complexity. Strings balanced by this technique exhibit power versus current curves that are convex, which also greatly reduces the cost and complexity of the required MPPT algorithm.
In Situ Activation of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Anchored on Graphite Foam for a High-Capacity Anode (2015)

We report the fabrication of a three-dimensional free-standing nitrogen-doped porous graphene/graphite foam by in situ activation of nitrogen-doped graphene on highly conductive graphite foam (GF). After in situ activation, intimate "sheet contact" was observed between the graphene sheets and the GF. The sheet contact produced by in situ activation is found to be superior to the "point contact" obtained by the traditional drop-casting method and facilitates electron transfer. Due to the intimate contact as well as the use of an ultralight GF current collector, the composite electrode delivers a gravimetric capacity of 642 mAh g(-1) and a volumetric capacity of 602 mAh cm(-3) with respect to the whole electrode mass and volume (including the active materials and the GF current collector). When normalized based on the mass of the active material, the composite electrode delivers a high specific capacity of up to 1687 mAh g(-1), which is superior to that of most graphene-based electrodes. Also, after ∼90 s charging, the anode delivers a capacity of about 100 mAh g(-1) (with respect to the total mass of the electrode), indicating its potential use in high-rate lithium-ion batteries.
Techniques for evaluating the uniform current vector potential at the isolated singularity of the cylindrical wire kernel (1994)

The cylindrical wire kernel possesses a singularity which must be properly treated in order to evaluate the uniform current vector potential. Traditionally, the singular part of the kernel is extracted resulting in a slowly varying function which is convenient for numerical integration. This paper provides some new accurate and computationally efficient methods for evaluating the remaining singular integral. It is shown that this double integral may be converted to a single integral which no longer possesses a singular integrand and consequently may be efficiently evaluated numerically. This form of the integral is independent of the restrictions involving wire length and radius which are inherent in various approximations. Also presented is a highly convergent exact series representation of the integral which is valid except in the immediate vicinity of the singularity. Finally, a new approximation is derived which is found to be an improvement over the classical thin wire approximation. It is demonstrated that each of these methods provides extremely accurate as well as efficient results for a wide range of wire radii and field point locations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Role of magnesium in the pathogenesis and treatment of migraine (2009)

Magnesium is an important intracellular element that is involved in numerous cellular functions. Deficiencies in magnesium may play an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches by promoting cortical spreading depression, alteration of neurotransmitter release and the hyperaggregation of platelets. Given this multifaceted role of magnesium in migraine, the use of magnesium in both acute and preventive headache treatment has been researched as a potentially simple, inexpensive, safe and well-tolerated option. Studies have shown that preventive treatment with oral magnesium and acute headache treatment with intravenous magnesium may be effective, particularly in certain subsets of patients. In this review, the pathogenesis of migraine will be discussed, with an emphasis on the role of magnesium. Studies on the use of intravenous and oral magnesium in migraine treatment will be discussed and recommendations will be made regarding the use of magnesium in treating migraine headaches.
[Evaluation of changes in pulmonary vein compliance in prognosis of clinical results after mitral valve replacement]. (1995)

Irreversible decrease in pulmonary venous compliance (PVcomp) can influence on the clinical results of mitral valve replacement (MVR). The study has been aimed at assessing whether changes in the PVcomp after the application of isosorbiddinitrate (ISDN) can be of prognostic significance in pts with mitral stenosis (MS). Right heart catheterization was performed with 34 pts with MS using a Swan-Ganz catheter in supine position, before and after the application of ISDN. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP), stroke volume index (SVI), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and heart rate (HR) were calculated according to standard formulas: PVcomp was calculated according to Hirakawa equation. The whole group was divided into 2 subgroups: I--increase of PVcomp after ISDN > 15% (19 pts), II--decrease or no change of PVcomp after ISDN (15 pts). ISDN increased PVcomp from 5.27 to 8.08. ml/m3 in group I, and decrease from 6.74 to 6.31 ml/m3 in group II. There were no differences between both groups during rest and effort before MVR. Six months after MVR decrease in PAP, PWP, PVR and increase in SVI was observed in both groups, but more significant in group I. However during effort (25 W), significant increases in PAP (21.9 vv 36.5 mmHg), PWP (12.9 vs 24.5 mmHg) and HR (80 vs 98 beat/min) with no improvement of PVcomp (5.82 vs 5.68 ml/m2) were recorded in most of pts from group II as opposed to group I. As can be concluded, significant increase in PVcomp after ISDN in pts with MS can be a prognostic of good clinical results after MVR.
Evolution of the boulder model for the molecular origins of the polarization in ferroelectric liquid crystals (1991)

Abstract Development of a model relating the structure of FLC molecules to the sign and magnitude of the macroscopic ferroelectric polarization P exhibited by the supramolecular assembly in the C* phase is clearly an important and interesting goal. We have reported on our own simple stereochemical model for the molecular origins of P, which is based upon the concept that the sign and magnitude of P in FLCs can be understood in terms of a kind of molecular recognition occurring in the phase. Herein we present an overview of research aimed at testing this model by design, synthesis and characterization of FLC components with predictable properties.
Uncertainty Estimation in Autoregressive Structured Prediction (2020)

Uncertainty estimation is important for ensuring safety and robustness of AI systems. While most research in the area has focused on un-structured prediction tasks, limited work has investigated general uncertainty estimation approaches for structured prediction. Thus, this work aims to investigate uncertainty estimation for autoregressive structured prediction tasks within a single unified and interpretable probabilistic ensemble-based framework. We consider: uncertainty estimation for sequence data at the token-level and complete sequence-level; interpretations for, and applications of, various measures of uncertainty; and discuss both the theoretical and practical challenges associated with obtaining them. This work also provides baselines for token-level and sequence-level error detection, and sequence-level out-of-domain input detection on the WMT'14 English-French and WMT'17 English-German translation and LibriSpeech speech recognition datasets.
Energy-Efficient SON-Based User-Centric Backhaul Scheme (2017)

Energy efficiency in future networks is a global and paramount requirement driven by the desire to reduce networks' carbon footprint and energy bills, as well as extend the battery life of devices. Ultra-dense small cell deployment is a key enabler of such networks as it addresses the energy efficiency aspect of its radio section. However, the small cell backhaul mark of energy consumption is one order of magnitude higher than that of macro cells, and as such a new green challenge is born. A long-term solution to the many-fold requirements of the future backhaul would be and end-to-end fibre based network or wireless technologies that are still under- development. In the meantime, a hybrid backhaul network is developing to fill in the performance requirement gaps, where different technologies address different aspects. In this work, we offer an energy-efficient approach to the new user- centric backhaul concept in a heterogeneous and hybrid backhaul network. The approach is automated and it successfully mediates between three conflicting optimisation objectives: network, users, and energy key performance indicators.
Improving Streaming Graph Processing Performance using Input Knowledge (2021)

Streaming graphs are ubiquitous in today’s big data era. Prior work has improved the performance of streaming graph workloads without taking input characteristics into account. In this work, we demonstrate that input knowledge-driven software and hardware co-design is critical to optimize the performance of streaming graph processing. To improve graph update efficiency, we first characterize the performance trade-offs of input-oblivious batch reordering. Guided by our findings, we propose input-aware batch reordering to adaptively reorder input batches based on their degree distributions. To complement adaptive batch reordering, we propose updating graphs dynamically, based on their input characteristics, either in software (via update search coalescing) or in hardware (via acceleration support). To improve graph computation efficiency, we present input-aware work aggregation which adaptively modulates the computation granularity based on inter-batch locality characteristics. Evaluated across 260 workloads, our input-aware techniques provide on average 4.55 × and 2.6 × improvement in graph update performance for different input types (on top of eliminating the performance degradation from input-oblivious batch reordering). The graph compute performance is improved by 1.26 × (up to 2.7 ×).
Metabolic imaging of ovarian tumors with carbon-11-methionine: a PET study. (1995)

This study examines the potential of 11C-methionine as a PET tracer in metabolic imaging of benign and malignant ovarian tumors.Four patients with one or two benign ovarian tumors (endometriomas or cystadenomas), two patients with a tumor of borderline malignancy and seven patients with ovarian cancer were studied with 11C-methionine and PET before laparotomy. CT or MRI were performed as a reference. Tracer uptake was quantitated by calculating tracer standardized uptake values (SUVs) and the kinetic influx constants (Ki values).Benign or borderline malignant tumors did not accumulate 11C-methionine, whereas all carcinomas had significant uptake. The mean SUV of the primary carcinomas was 7.0 (s.d., 2.2) and the mean Ki was 0.14 min-1 (s.d., 0.1 min-1), but the distribution of tracer uptake was highly heterogenous in four of six tumors.Ovarian cancer can be imaged with 11C-methionine and PET. This method also may be of value in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms. Due to physiological accumulations and methodological limitations, the value of 11C-methionine PET in the staging of ovarian cancer appears to be limited.
Strong injection locking of low-Q LC oscillators (2008)

This paper presents a new equation for injection-locked LC oscillators (ILOs) based on a series RL element in parallel with C. Unlike previous ILO equations based on a parallel RLC tank approximation, the proposed equation is valid for any tank Q and injection strength (K). The model reveals several important properties of low-Q and/or high-K ILOs such as asymmetry in the lock range, reduced phase shift, and higher bandwidth. Experimental results validate the model.
Characterization of spiral ganglion neurons cultured on silicon micro-pillar substrates for new auditory neuro-electronic interfaces (2015)

These results indicate that silicon micro-pillar substrates create a permissive environment for the growth of primary auditory neurons promoting neurite sprouting and are a promising technology for future high-density three-dimensional CMOS-based auditory neuro-electronic interfaces.
Supplementary Data S5 from Optimizing Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer Brain Metastases with Functional Drug Response Assessment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GSEA analysis using the oncogenic, KEGG, and GOBP gene sets.&lt;/p&gt;
Different Antibodies Made to Myoglobin Under Control of Distinct Ir Genes in Different I-Subregions of H-2 (1978)

Abstract Two Ir genes in distinct I-subregions of H-2 have been shown to control the antibody response to sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) in mice (Berzofsky, J. A., J. Immunol. 120, 360, 1978). B10.D2 (H-2d) mice (high responders) have both Ir-Mb-1 (in I-A) and Ir-Mb-2 (probably in I-C), while B10 (H-2b) and B10.BR (H-2k) mice (low responders) have neither. Recombinant strains B10.A and B10.A(5R) with only Ir-Mb-2 are intermediate in response to whole Mb. However, when the same sera were tested for antibodies binding to fragment (132–153), B10.A 3° sera, which had 6-fold more anti-Mb than B10.BR sera, had no more antibody to this fragment (whereas the B10.D2 sera had 10-fold more anti-(132-153)). Similarly, the B10.A(5R) sera had barely more anti-(132-153) than B10 sera, even though they had 4-fold more total anti-Mb. Conversely, D2.GD mice (with only Ir-Mb-1) made as much anti-(132–153) in the anti-Mb sera as did congenic DBA/2 mice, with both genes. Thus, Ir-Mb-1, not Ir-Mb-2, controls the response to this determinant, while Ir-Mb-2 must control the response to other determinant(s). Studies in progress with other peptides of Mb are designed to test further our hypothesis that genetically distinct Ir genes control the antibody response to chemically distinct determinants on the same antigen molecule.
Motion Planning for Redundant Articulated Robots Based on Geometrical Properties of the Whole Robot Body in Initial and Goal Configuration (2022)

This paper discusses motion planning techniques for redundant articulated robots. Motion planning in this paper means to generate joint trajectories that can avoid obstacles. In the proposed motion planning method, candidate waypoints are generated from the overall shape of the initial and goal configurations. All procedures of the proposed method are constructed only by computing inverse kinematics, and it does not require path planning in joint space. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through performance evaluation test using a 7-DOF manipulator. In the performance evaluation test, not only the trajectory length and calculation time, but also the risk of collision with obstacles that are not considered in the simulator are evaluated.
Over-the-Air Computation for Distributed Systems: Something Old and Something New (2023)

Facing the upcoming era of Internet-of-Things and connected intelligence, efficient information processing, computation, and communication design becomes a key challenge in large-scale intelligent systems. Recently, Over-the-Air (OtA) computation has been proposed for data aggregation and distributed computation of functions over a large set of network nodes. Theoretical foundations for this concept exist for a long time, but it was mainly investigated within the context of wireless sensor networks. There are still many open questions when applying OtA computation in different types of distributed systems where modern wireless communication technology is applied. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the OtA computation principle and its applications in distributed learning, control, and inference systems, for both server-coordinated and fully decentralized architectures. Particularly, we highlight the importance of the statistical heterogeneity of data and wireless channels, the temporal evolution of model updates, and the choice of performance metrics, for the communication design in OtA federated learning (FL) systems. Several key challenges in privacy, security, and robustness aspects of OtA FL are also identified for further investigation.
Larvicidal activity of acetone extract and green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) (2022)

Mosquito vectors of major human diseases are currently controlled using chemical and biological products. Extensive insecticide use has led to resistance development and human/environmental health risks, and alternative sustainable control options are needed; in this study, activity of an extract of garlic (Allium sativum; Amaryllidaceae), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the extract, were evaluated against 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, Ae. aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, and characterised using powdered X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Larvae were exposed to five concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm) of garlic extract or synthesized AgNPs, with distilled water and silver nitrate solution (1 mM) as controls. The mortality of larvae was recorded after 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h following addition of the respective extracts. Dose- and time-dependent toxicity were recorded in both treatment groups with no mortality in control groups. Exposure to AgNPs at 250 ppm for 48 h yielded 100% mortality for both larval instars, with corresponding LC50 values of 44.77 (2nd) and 62.82 ppm (3rd). Exposure to garlic extract resulted in similar 48-hour mortality (99 ± 0.77% (2nd) and 98 ± 1.10% (3rd), but consistently higher LC50 values after all exposure times compared to AgNPs (e.g. 48-hour exposure: 108.42 ppm (2nd), 129.11 ppm (3rd), suggesting that AgNPs may potentially be used at lower concentrations for Ae. aegypti control.
Modeling of chronic radiation-induced cystitis in mice (2016)

We developed a RC model that mimics the human pathology and functional changes. Furthermore, radiation exposure attenuates the urothelial integrity long-term allowing for potential continuous irritability of the bladder wall from exposure to urine. Future studies will focus on the underlying molecular changes associated with this condition and investigate novel treatment strategies.
Electrochemistry in microscopic domains: a model system to interpret voltammetry measurements in restricted biological spaces (2002)

The motivation of this work is to provide a simple and robust model system to help quantitatively interpret electrochemical measurements made in restricted biological domains, such as in or near single biological cells, or in microscopic tissue cavities an example being dopamine release measurements in brain. Microscopic aqueous sample droplets of nano- to picoliter volumes were formed on the bottom of a polystyrene dish under heptane which was presaturated with distilled water to keep the droplets stable. The electrochemical cell consisted of a bevelled carbon fiber microdisk working electrode and a reference electrode with a miniature junction. This latter was made of a diffusional microburet (DMB), previously used for diffusional reagent delivery into similar size droplets, containing 0.1 M KCl and an inserted chloridized silver wire. Both electrodes had a nominal tip diameter of 7.5 /spl mu/m. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in droplets of 3.3 mM ruthenium hexaammine trichloride in 0.1 M KCl solution were performed with this system. The experiments revealed for the first time major deviations in microelectrode behavior in microscopic domains as compared to bulk volume. These results must be taken into account to conduct and interpret voltammetry measurements in restricted biological spaces correctly. The methodology developed has, however, more general analytical and physicochemical applications as well.