gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block Copolymer Toughened Epoxy: Role of Cross-Link Density (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTBlock Copolymer Toughened Epoxy: Role of Cross-Link DensityZachary J. Thompson†, Marc A. Hillmyer‡, Jia (Daniel) Liu§, Hung-Jue Sue§, Marv Dettloff∥, and Frank S. Bates*†View Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Polymer Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; and Epoxy R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541* To whom correspondence should be addressed: e-mail [email protected]†Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota.‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota.§Texas A&M University.∥The Dow Chemical Company.Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 7, 2333–2335Publication Date (Web):March 13, 2009Publication History Received12 January 2009Revised9 March 2009Published online13 March 2009Published inissue 14 April 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma900061bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma900061brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3288Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Deformation,Micelles,Nucleic acid structure,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
Roles of acyl-coenzyme A : cholesterol acyltransferase-1 and -2 (2001)

Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is an intracellular enzyme that produces cholesteryl esters in various tissues. In mammals, two ACAT genes (ACAT1 and ACAT2) have been identified. Together, these two enzymes are involved in storing cholesteryl esters as lipid droplets, in macrophage foam-cell formation, in absorbing dietary cholesterol, and in supplying cholesteryl esters as part of the core lipid for lipoprotein synthesis and assembly. The key difference in tissue distribution of ACAT1 and ACAT2 between humans, mice and monkeys is that, in adult human liver (including hepatocytes and bile duct cells), the major enzyme is ACAT1, rather than ACAT2. There is compelling evidence implicating a role for ACAT1 in macrophage foam-cell formation, and for ACAT2 in intestinal cholesterol absorption. However, further studies at the biochemical and cell biological levels are needed in order to clarify the functional roles of ACAT1 and ACAT2 in the VLDL or chylomicron synthesis/assembly process.
Desmocollin-3 and Cancer (2021)

Desmocollin-3 (DSC3), a desmosomal adhesion molecule, is expressed in basal and suprabasal layers of the normal epithelium as a membranous protein. The development of cancer is associated with cytoplasmic expression or the absence of DSC3. It is present in a variety of cancers, such as ovarian cancer, skin, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), meningioma, chondrosarcoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and melanoma. It is used as a diagnostic biomarker for the identification of squamous NSCLC amongst undifferentiated and poorly differentiated NSCLC. It is a promising prognostic biomarker for NSCLC, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. It has a reciprocal relationship with infiltrating immune cells in squamous NSCLC, ovarian cancer and melanoma. Chemotherapeutic agents alter DSC3 expression in therapeutic as well as subtherapeutic doses. It may be helpful in the selection of appropriate therapy in patients with cancers.
96 Recombinant SCFV Antibodies for IGE Epitope Mapping and Detection of Parvalbumins (2012)

BACKGROUND: Parvalbumin, the major fish allergen, is responsible for IgE cross-reactivity among different fish species. We aimed to generate recombinant single chain antibody fragments (scFv) binding to epitopes responsible for IgE cross-reactivity among parvalbumins. METHODS: The parvalbumin-specific scFvs were selected from the human synthetic scFv phage library ETH-2 by alternating the parvalbumin from cod (Gad m 1), carp (Cyp c 1) and trout (Onc m 1) during 3 rounds of sequential biopanning. Based on their reactivity to parvalbumins by ELISA, 2 clones were expressed in Escherichia coli. The ability of the 2 scFv antibodies to inhibit the binding of parvalbumin-specific IgE from fish allergic patients’ sera was showed by ELISA competition experiments and the rat basophilic leukemia mediator release assay. RESULTS: Based on ability to bind different parvalbumins and sequence analysis, phage clones scFv-gco9 and scFv-goo8 were selected for production of soluble scFv antibodies. We obtained 1 mg of scFv-gco9 and 1.3 mg of scFv-goo8 per litre of bacterial culture. The scFv-gco9 was able to detect all 3 parvalbumins at a concentration of 10 ng/mL. The scFv-goo8 bound to cod parvalbumin, but not to carp and trout parvalbumin. The detection limit for 1 μg/mL of the scFv-gco9 was 0.01 μg/mL of the Gad m 1 and 0.2 μg/mL of Onc m 1 or Cyp c 1. We found that scFv-gco9 dose-dependently blocked the binding of IgE to immobilized Gad m 1, Cyp c 1 and Onc m 1. At a concentration of 5 μg/mL of scFv-gco9 binding of IgE to the 3 parvalbumins was inhibited by approximately 40%, and at a concentration of 20 μg/mL the IgE binding was inhibited to ∼70%. In the case of the scFv-goo8, inhibition of IgE binding to Gad m 1 was about 15%. The inhibition of degranulation of basophils was 55% in the presence of 2 μg/mL scFv-gco9. CONCLUSIONS: This work, supported by grant SFB-F01802, revealed that the scFv antibodies can be used for the standardization of protein extracts used for allergy diagnosis and for IgE epitope mapping. Epitope characterization enables the engineering of parvalbumin molecules with reduced IgE binding for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Blockchain in Health Data Systems: A Survey (2019)

There has been increasing interest in connecting disjointed Electronic Medical Records, mobile health data, and related health data systems for the purpose of improving preventative and precision medicine, while also providing individuals with greater access and control to their data. Blockchains provide data transparency, immutability, and decentralized trust - making them a promising solution to the interoperability and security issues faced by such health data systems. Several papers have proposed the use of blockchain technology in healthcare to determine its viability as a solution and to identify potential applications and challenges. We build upon their work by 1) presenting implementation details related to blockchain applications in health data systems, 2) discussing the security, privacy, and performance trade-offs of each, and 3) identifying a set of research questions regarding the use of blockchain technology in health data systems. We find that blockchain-based healthcare research should place greater emphasis on real-world deployments and testing, smart-contract security, efficient and usable audit tools, blockchain governance, and adherence to healthcare data regulations and standards.
Editorial: The Pharmacology of Kratom and Its Alkaloids (2022)

The Pharmacology of Kratom and Its Alkaloids Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is an ethnomedicinal tree native to Southeast Asia with a long history of traditional use. During the last two decades, all indicators and metrics we have accessed suggest that kratom consumption in the United States has increased. Although there are now many self-reported motivations for kratom use, the most prominent is the self-treatment of pain, which is mediated at least in part through opioid receptors as detailed in this special issue's comprehensive review of mitragynine and its diastereomers "The Chemical and Pharmacological Properties of Mitragynine and Its Diastereomers: An Insight Review" (Karunakaran et al.), along with new research that indicates the involvement of adrenergic and, potentially, cannabinoid receptors, as described in "Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Clonidine Attenuate Mitragynine Withdrawal in Rats" (Hassan et al.) and "Mitragynine (Kratom)-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice Resemble 9-THC and Morphine Effects: Reversal by Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonism" (Iman et al.). Many individuals are reporting success using kratom to reduce opioid use despite kratom's own, generally milder, withdrawal syndrome. Also in this issue, data on kratom's potential for treating other highly-prevalent substance use disorders is being examined, as shown in "Evaluation of Kratom Opioid Derivatives as Potential Treatment Option for Alcohol Use Disorder" (Gutridge et al.).
Stable Thermally-Modulated Nanodroplet Ultrasound Contrast Agents (2021)

Liquid perfluorocarbon-based nanodroplets are stable enough to be used in extravascular imaging, but provide limited contrast enhancement due to their small size, incompressible core, and small acoustic impedance mismatch with biological fluids. Here we show a novel approach to overcoming this limitation by using a heating–cooling cycle, which we will refer to as thermal modulation (TM), to induce echogenicity of otherwise stable but poorly echogenic nanodroplets without triggering a transient phase shift. We apply thermal modulation to high-boiling point tetradecafluorohexane (TDFH) nanodroplets stabilized with a bovine serum albumin (BSA) shell. BSA-TDFH nanodroplets with an average diameter under 300 nanometers showed an 11.9 ± 5.4 mean fold increase in echogenicity on the B-mode and a 13.9 ± 6.9 increase on the nonlinear contrast (NLC) mode after thermal modulation. Once activated, the particles maintained their enhanced echogenicity (p &lt; 0.001) for at least 13 h while retaining their nanoscale size. Our data indicate that thermally modulated nanodroplets can potentially serve as theranostic agents or sensors for various applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
Evaluating and Complementing Vision-to-Language Technology for People who are Blind with Conversational Crowdsourcing (2018)

We study how real-time crowdsourcing can be used both for evaluating the value provided by existing automated approaches and for enabling workflows that provide scalable and useful alt text to blind users. We show that the shortcomings of existing AI image captioning systems frequently hinder a user's understanding of an image they cannot see to a degree that even clarifying conversations with sighted assistants cannot correct. Based on analysis of clarifying conversations collected from our studies, we design experiences that can effectively assist users in a scalable way without the need for real-time interaction. Our results provide lessons and guidelines that the designers of future AI captioning systems can use to improve labeling of social media imagery for blind users.
Automobile carbon monoxide emission (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomobile carbon monoxide emissionDonald H. StedmanCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 2, 147–149Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00179a002https://doi.org/10.1021/es00179a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views713Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of experiment optimization of aligned polymer thermoelectrics doped by ion-exchange (2021)

Organic thermoelectrics offer the potential to deliver flexible, low-cost devices that can directly convert heat to electricity. Previous studies have reported high conductivity and thermoelectric power factor in the conjugated polymer poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT). Here, we investigate the thermoelectric properties of PBTTT films in which the polymer chains were aligned uniaxially by mechanical rubbing, and the films were doped by a recently developed ion exchange technique that provides a choice over the counterions incorporated into the film, allowing for more optimized morphology and better stability than conventional charge transfer doping. To optimize the polymer alignment process, we took advantage of two Design of Experiment (DOE) techniques: regular two-level factorial design and central composite design. Rubbing temperature Trub and post-alignment annealing temperature Tanneal were the two factors that were most strongly correlated with conductivity. We were able to achieve high polymer alignment with a dichroic ratio &amp;gt;15 and high electrical conductivities of up to 4345 S/cm for transport parallel to the polymer chains, demonstrating that the ion exchange method can achieve conductivities comparable/higher than conventional charge transfer doping. While the conductivity of aligned films increased by a factor of 4 compared to unaligned films, the Seebeck coefficient (S) remained nearly unchanged. The combination of DOE methodology, high-temperature rubbing, and ion exchange doping provides a systematic, controllable strategy to tune structure–thermoelectric property relationships in semiconducting polymers.
Local Toxicity from Local Anesthetic Polymeric Microparticles (2013)

Lidocaine and bupivacaine PLGA microspheres resulted in similar degrees of myotoxicity, irrespective of drug loading. Intrinsic myotoxicity did not predict tissue injury from sustained release of these anesthetics. Caution is warranted in the use of such devices near muscle and nerve.
From Branched Polyphenylenes to Graphite Ribbons (2003)

This article presents the synthesis of graphitic nanoribbons (∼1 nm wide), containing extended conjugated all-benzenoid segments. These were obtained by intramolecular oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of soluble branched polyphenylenes 6, which were prepared by repetitive Diels−Alder cycloaddition of 1,4-bis(2,4,5-triphenylcyclopentadienone-3-yl)benzene (1) and diethynylterphenyl (5) in good yield. While insolubility of the obtained graphite ribbons 7 precluded standard spectroscopic structure elucidation, the electronic and vibrational properties were probed by solid-state UV−vis, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy. A wide and unstructured absorption band covering the visible range of the electronic spectrum (λmax ∼ 800 nm) is observed, confirming the highly extended conjugated framework. The structure proof of the ribbon-type polymer is supported by the inclusion of appropriate model compounds. The profile of the visible Raman spectrum of the material is similar to that of a discrete polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) C222H42, characterized by two strong bands (at 1603 and 1322 cm-1), corresponding to the G and D bands of graphite. The obtained graphite ribbons are not linear but rather contain “kinks” due to the structural design of the polyphenylene precursor. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the graphite ribbons 7 disclose two different domains: one is an ordered graphite layer structure with a layer distance of ca. 3.8 Å, and one is disordered due to the existence of “kinks” in the obtained polymers and/or random stacking of graphite ribbons. Attempts to make linear analogues are so far unsuccessful, emphasizing the critical importance of the geometry of the polyphenylene scaffold to successful oxidative cyclodehydrogenation.
[Study of the synthesis of pyrazine derivates. Part XXVIII. Reaction of pyrazineamide with CS-2]. (1992)

The synthesis of pyrazine derivatives, e.g. 1,3,4-thiodiazole (I, III-V, XII), 1,2,4-triazole (II) and N-substituted amidrazones is reported.
Le VIH-1, un lentivirus au potentiel d’endogénisation dans la lignée germinale humaine ? (2020)

National audience
A well-controlled BioID design for endogenous bait proteins (2018)

ABSTRACT The CRISPR/Cas9 revolution is profoundly changing the way life sciences technologies are used. Many assays now rely on engineered clonal cell lines to eliminate overexpression of bait proteins. Control cell lines are typically non-engineered cells or engineered clones implying a considerable risk for artefacts because of clonal variation. Genome engineering can also transform BioID, a proximity labelling method that relies on fusing a bait protein to a promiscuous biotin ligase, BirA*, resulting in the tagging of vicinal proteins. We here propose an innovative design to enable BioID for endogenous proteins wherein we introduce a T2A-BirA* module at the C-terminus of endogenous p53 by genome engineering, leading to bi-cistronic expression of both p53 and BirA* under control of the endogenous promoter. By targeting a Cas9-cytidine deaminase base editor to the T2A auto-cleavage site, we can efficiently derive an isogenic population expressing a functional p53-BirA* fusion protein. Using quantitative proteomics we show significant benefits over classical ectopic expression of p53-BirA*, and we provide a first well-controlled view on the proximal proteins of endogenous p53 in colon carcinoma cells. This novel application for base editors expands the CRISPR/Cas9 toolbox and can be a valuable addition for synthetic biology.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptor Agonists Mediate Pro-fibrotic Responses in Normal Human Lung Fibroblasts via S1P2 and S1P3 Receptors and Smad-independent Signaling (2013)

Synthetic sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 modulators constitute a new class of drugs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling, however, is also involved in the development of fibrosis. Using normal human lung fibroblasts, we investigated the induction of fibrotic responses by the S1P receptor (S1PR) agonists S1P, FTY720-P, ponesimod, and SEW2871 and compared them with the responses induced by the known fibrotic mediator TGF-β1. In contrast to TGF-β1, S1PR agonists did not induce expression of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin. However, TGF-β1, S1P, and FTY720-P caused robust stimulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and increased pro-fibrotic marker gene expression including connective tissue growth factor. Ponesimod showed limited and SEW2871 showed no pro-fibrotic potential in these readouts. Analysis of pro-fibrotic signaling pathways showed that in contrast to TGF-β1, S1PR agonists did not activate Smad2/3 signaling but rather activated PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling to induce ECM synthesis. The strong induction of ECM synthesis by the nonselective agonists S1P and FTY720-P was due to the stimulation of S1P2 and S1P3 receptors, whereas the weaker induction of ECM synthesis at high concentrations of ponesimod was due to a low potency activation of S1P3 receptors. Finally, in normal human lung fibroblast-derived myofibroblasts that were generated by TGF-β1 pretreatment, S1P and FTY720-P were effective stimulators of ECM synthesis, whereas ponesimod was inactive, because of the down-regulation of S1P3R expression in myofibroblasts. These data demonstrate that S1PR agonists are pro-fibrotic via S1P2R and S1P3R stimulation using Smad-independent pathways.
Permanganate Oxidation of Sulfadiazine: Analytical Method Development and Kinetic Study (2013)

A multi-disciplinary approach has been made in this article where, the oxidation reaction of permanganate and sulfadiazine has been used to develop analytical method to quantitate the drug and the second part is the kinetic study of the oxidation reaction. The estimation of the drug is made at 602 nm. The developed method has been validated as per the international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The regression treatment of the linearity data yielded the linear regression equation A=0.00786+0.0184 C. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 2.33 and 7.065, respectively. Since, the reaction proceeded such that the absorbance increased with increase in time, kinetic study of the reaction was performed. The kinetic parameters were performed at 602 nm. The reaction obeyed pseudo first-order kinetics in [alkaline KMnO4] and fractional order in [sulfadiazine]. The oxidation reaction was carried out at varied temperatures viz. 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 (±0.1°C). On the basis of the observed results, mechanism of the reaction has been proposed. Activation parameters such as energy of activation, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were determined and found to be 8.73 (kJ mol-1), 77.57 (kJ mol-1), 173 (JK-1 mol-1), 25.99 (kJ mol-1) respectively.
Multifunctional Conducting Molecular Materials (2006)

The use of conducting molecular materials is a rapidly developing, multidisciplinary field of research, offering a wide variety of possibilities for the future. It is of particular relevance to nano fabrication and technology because it offers high density, small size integrated and multifunctional properties that can be fabricated under mild conditions. Multifunctional Conducting Molecular Materials covers a wide range of topics including: molecular conductors and superconductors; design and synthesis of functional molecular materials; organic/inorganic hybrids and photoinduced phenomena; fullerenes, nanotubes and other related nano materials. The book concludes with a look at integration and functionalities of molecular materials such as organic field effect transistors (OFET). This high level book is ideal for researchers in both industry and academia who are interested in this new and exciting field.
Targeted Development of Registries of Biological Parts (2008)

Organizational guidelines are proposed to help design and manage this new type of scientific resources. In particular, it appears necessary to compare the cost of ensuring the integrity of database entries and associated biological samples with their value to the users. The initial strategy that permits including any combination of parts irrespective of its potential value leads to an exponential and economically unsustainable growth that may be detrimental to the quality and long-term value of the resource to its users.