gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
810. Comparison of Anti-HIV Activity from Various Lentiviral Vectors Carrying Anti-HIV shRNA In Vitro (2006)

Eight pHIV-7-GFP lentiviral vectors encoded anti-HIV-1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) were constructed. Three target sites in the HIV genome were selected to construct the shRNAs. The first site (SI) resides in a region of rev that overlaps with the adjacent tat gene, while the second (SII) and third sites (SIII) are selected in conserved regions that reside exclusively in rev or tat. The expression and functionality were compared using snRNA Pol III U6 versus Pol II U1 promoters in the following constructs: U1-S1: shRNA targets SI controlled by a U1 promoterU1-S2: shRNA targets SII controlled by a U1 promoterU6-S2: shRNA targets SII controlled by a U6 promoterU1-3S: Three shRNAs individually target SI, SII and SIII controlled by one U1 promoterU6-3S: Three shRNAs individually target SI, SII and SIII controlled by one U6 promoter driving from 5’ to 3’U6-3SF: Three shRNAs individually target SI, SII and SIII controlled by one U6 promoter driving from 3’ to 5’3U6-3S: Three shRNAs individually target SI, SII and SIII controlled by separate U6 promoters for each shRNAU1-S2-U6-S2: Two shRNAs target SII controlled by either U1 or U6 promotersControl: Lentiviral vector encoding GFP only All vectors were transducted into CEM cells, sorted for eGFP positive cells, challenged with HIV-1 strains IIIB and NL4-3, observed for HIV RT activities in culture supernatant, and evaluated for anti-HIV activity by comparison with control. All constructs demonstrated inhibition of HIV-1, but U1-S1 showed the most potent HIV-1 inhibition of both strains of virus with 2-3 log reduction of supernatant RT activity. In comparison, the other constructs produced 1-2 logs of inhibition. The comparison of U1-S2 vs U6-S2; three shRNAs controlled by either U1 or the U6 promoters (U1-3S vs U6-3S) and the single or multiple shRNAs controlled by the same promoter (U1-S2 vs U1-3S or U1-S2-U6-S2; and U6-S2 vs U6-3S or U6-3SF or 3U6-3S) all showed no further significant differences in inhibition. Subsequent investigation attributed this to lack of proper processing of the hairpins from the single promoter, whereas the three independent promoters showed toxicity when challenged with HIV-1. The three independent promoters were shown to be producing large amounts of the shRNAs, perhaps contributing to the toxicity. Thus, with shRNAs, an increase in RNAi does not necessarily contribute to an improved antiviral effect. Current studies are investigating the differences in the Pol III and Pol II expression systems that might affect the efficacy of the shRNAs, including the possibility that the U1-transcribed shRNAs use different export pathways alleviating the competition for export with the endogenous microRNAs. Finally, these results demonstrate that the anti-HIV-1 tat and rev specific shRNAs expressed from U1 pol II promoter in lentiviral vectors provide an important potential advantage for AIDS gene therapy and will be used in primary cells for preclinical study necessary for further clinical application.
Comparison of tissue reaction to nylon and prolene sutures in rabbit iris and cornea. (1975)

The tissue reaction in rabbit iris and cornea to prolene suture is equivalent to the tissue reaction to nylon suture. The prolene suture retains its tensile strength indefinitely and this may make it particularly useful in situations where a permanent suture is desired, such as in refractive keratoplasty, scleral buckle, or to suture an intraocular lens to the iris. The prolene suture also has a greater elasticity and this property may be advantageous in some clinical applications. We feel that a clinical study on humans is now warranted and we have started such a study.
Distributed Optoelectronic Processing of Multidimensional Digital Imaging (2002)

Abstract : Radical improvements in electronic sensor and processor capabilities in the past decade have destabilized basic definitions of imaging in general and three-dimensional imaging in particular. Conventionally, imaging refers to analog focal or holographic systems that integrate information acquisition and processing. Increasingly aggressive digital processing, however, diminishes the processing role in the sensor head. Particularly in sensor arrays, there is often no need for a well-formed 'image' in analog space. The divide between digital and analog systems is particularly pronounced for multidimensional imaging. Holographic and stereoscopic sensors record the illusion of 3D scenes, but do not in fact construct 3D models. Tomographic and other 3D scene analysis schemes create true 3D digital models from sensor array data. In most cases, however, users do not demand and cannot process full 3D models.
Progress in the SMS design method for imaging optics (2011)

In this work, two SMS algorithms are presented for an objective design with different selected ray-bundles: three meridian ray-bundles (3M) and one meridian and two skew ray-bundles (1M-2S), the latter from pin hole point of view, provides a better sampling of the phase space. Results obtained with different algorithms will be compared.
Cooperative Integration of Harvesting RF Sections for Passive RFID Communication (2015)

This paper proposes a novel cooperative composite energy harvesting system that consists in the association of a traditional passive UHF Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip with an Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Circuit (EEH-C). The objective is to exploit the i-v nonlinearity of the rectifier by applying a signal with time-varying envelope in order to improve the RF-to-dc conversion efficiency. Thanks to a multisource configuration, i.e., an RFID reader at 0.868 GHz and an external source at 2.45 GHz, the EEH-C is able to rectify the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic product of the RFID chip, in addition to the 2.45 GHz signal, without compromising the RFID communication. Additionally, digitally modulated signals are used at 2.45 GHz to further enhance the harvesting efficiency of the EEH-C. From theory, simulations and measurement it is demonstrated that the exploitation of the three nonlinear effects of rectifying circuits, i.e., (i) impedance power dependency, (ii) harmonic signals production, and (iii) waveform dependency can greatly improve the conversion efficiency of the EEH-C.
A Primer on 3GPP Narrowband Internet of Things (2017)

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a new cellular technology introduced in 3GPP Release 13 for providing wide-area coverage for IoT. This article provides an overview of the air interface of NB-IoT. We describe how NB-IoT addresses key IoT requirements such as deployment flexibility, low device complexity, long battery lifetime, support of massive numbers of devices in a cell, and significant coverage extension beyond existing cellular technologies. We also share the various design rationales during the standardization of NB-IoT in Release 13 and point out several open areas for future evolution of NB-IoT.
IC101, extracellular matrix antagonist produced by Streptomyces sp. MJ202-72F3. Production, isolation, structure determination and biological activity. (1993)

In our search for inhibitors of cell adhesion to components of extracellular matrix (ECM), fibronectin, laminin and collagen type IV, we succeeded in finding a novel cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic, named IC101, which was isolated from cultured mycelium of Streptomyces albulus MJ202-72F3. It was purified by centrifugal partition chromatography, preparative reverse phase HPLC and Sephadex LH-20 and was obtained as a white powder. IC101 strongly inhibited cell adhesion to ECM components, suppressed immune responses in vitro and in vivo, and exhibited antimicrobial activity on Gram-positive bacteria.
Efficient Plasma Production in Low Background Neutral Pressures with the M2P2 Prototype (2003)

(M2P2) seeks the creation of a large-scale (10 km radius) magnetic wall or bubble (i.e. a magnetosphere) by the electromagnetic inflation of a small-scale (20 cm radius) dipole magnet. The inflated magnetosphere will intercept the solar wind and thereby provide high-speed propulsion with modest power and fuel requirements due to the gain provided by the ambient medium. Magnetic field inflation is produced by the injection of plasma onto the dipole magnetic field eliminating the need for large mechanical structures and added material weight at launch. For successful inflation of the magnetic bubble a beta near unity must be achieved along the imposed dipole field. This is dependent on the plasma parameters that can be achieved with a plasma source that provide continuous operation at the desired power levels of 1 to 2 kilowatts. Over the last two years we have been developing a laboratory prototype to demonstrate the inflation of the magnetic field under space-like conditions. In this paper we will present some of the latest results from the prototype development at the University of Washington and show that the prototype can produce high ionization efficiencies while operating in near space like neutral background pressures producing electron temperatures of a few tens of electron volts. This allows for operation with propellant expenditures lower then originally estimated.
Stabile, flexible Fasern und starre Röhren aus einkettigen, perfluoralkylierten Amphiphilen (1994)

Bis zu 50 μ lange, stabile zylindrische Aggregate (Bild rechts) bilden sich spontan aus Dispersionen von perfluoralkylierten, einkettigen, nichtchiralen Amphiphilen, die von Dimorpholinophosphoamidaten und Phosphocholinen abstammen. Je nach polarer Kopfgruppe erhält man starre, hohle Röhren bzw. dünnere, lange, flexible Fasern. Allein der starke hydrophobe Effekt der fluorierten Ketten reicht also aus, um selbstorganisierende Systeme, die höher organisiert sind als Vesikeln, zu bilden und zu stabilisieren. magnified image
Studies on the mechanism of the human natural killer cell lethal hit: analysis of the mechanism of protease inhibition of the lethal hit. (1983)

The terminal killer cell-independent lysis (KCIL) stage of the human natural killer (NK) lethal hit is blocked by the protease enzymes trypsin (T), chymotrypsin (CT), and papain (P). The present studies analyze the mechanism of inhibition of KCIL by these enzymes. The pretreatment of effector PBL with T or CT but not P effectively reduced the ability of these cells to mediate NK lysis. This was due at least in part to a reduced ability of the treated NK cells to bind the NK target K562. Pretreatment of K562 cells with T, CT, or P also abolished their ability to serve as targets due to reduced binding ability. These same enzyme-pretreated target cells, however, were unaffected in their ability to bind a natural killer cell-derived cytolytic factor (NKCF) molecule(s), as determined by direct NKCF absorption studies or by their ability to cold target compete for the binding of NKCF to another NKCF-sensitive cell, the L929 fibroblast, thereby indicating that the K562 "target antigen" and the NKCF-receptor are independently expressed structures. Furthermore, NKCF activity, as measured by its ability to kill either K562 or L929 cells, was sensitive to T and CT but resistant to P. These studies indicate that various proteases inhibit NK-KCIL by different mechanisms and suggest that the lethal hit is a complex process. The ability of P to inhibit KCIL but not affect NKCF activity or the target cell NKCF receptor implies that additional NK cell-derived materials may be required in the lethal hit during direct NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A model depicting a hypothetical molecular mechanism for human NK cytolysis is presented and discussed.
Phase Ib, international, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy of ST-617 for the attenuation of oral mucositis (OM) in patients receiving chemoradiation (CRT) for head and neck (H&N) cancer. (2021)

6075 Background: OM is a common, painful, and costly toxicity associated with cytotoxic regimens used to treat H&amp;N cancers, which may result in radiotherapy treatment interruptions to negatively impact tumor control. There are currently no approved interventions to successfully prevent or delay OM onset among patients being treated with radiation therapy, with or without concomitant chemotherapy (CRT). Oxidative stress is a critical event in OM’s pathogenesis. Through its effect on Nrf2, ST-617 has marked anti-oxidative activity/properties. Supportive Therapeutics is developing ST-617, a dithioethione, for the attenuation of OM onset, duration and severity. The objective of this trial was to assess the safety, tolerability, PK, PD and efficacy of ST-617 in patients at high risk of severe OM (SOM). Methods: A dose escalation trial in which ST-617 administered as an oral suspension, 1-2 hours before the administration of daily RT fractions was performed at 9 study sites in South Africa and Australia. Eighteen patients with diagnoses of oral or oropharyngeal CA were enrolled (up to 6 pts/dose). Patients received concomitant cisplatin either weekly or tri-weekly. ST-617 was administered 3 days prior to CRT, and then continuing daily until the end of treatment. Safety outcomes, using CTCAE criteria (v 4.03) were used. Dose escalation occurred in the absence of toxicity. OM occurrence and severity were assessed by trained and validated evaluators using WHO, NCI-CTC and RTOG criteria; scores were centrally assigned. The primary efficacy endpoints included the incidence and duration of SOM (WHO grades 3 or 4) vs historical controls. PD tracking measured total ROS/RNS, GSH/GSSG, regulation in plasma and buccal epithelial cells. Results: 17 pts completed the 50, 100 and 150mg/day with no safety issues. No early dose limiting toxicity (DLT) or serious Adverse Event linked to ST-617 were observed. AEs observed were mainly nausea which is usually associated with CRT as expected. The 100 mg/day dose has been well tolerated with no grade 4 OM. No CRT dose interruptions or delays due to OM has been observed. Total ROS/RNS levels in plasma and buccal samples show significant decrease with increased ST-617 dosing from 50 to 100 mg/day. Conclusions: ST-617 administration was safe at all doses tested. The course and severity of patients treated with ST-617 compared favorably with historical controls. Mechanistic correlation between ROS/RNS levels was seen. A randomized, controlled, double blind trial is planned with the recommended dose of 100mg/day. Clinical trial information: 20180138.
Theranostic Value of Multimers: Lessons Learned from Trimerization of Neurotensin Receptor Ligands and Other Targeting Vectors (2017)

Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTS1) is overexpressed on a variety of cancer entities; for example, prostate cancer, ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer. Therefore, it represents an interesting target for the diagnosis of these cancers types by positron emission tomography (PET) [...].
Opportunistic Feedback Protocol for Minimizing Power in Uplink with Heterogeneous Traffic (2007)

This paper considers a wireless uplink, where some users have deadline-sensitive (DS) traffic and others have best- effort (BE) traffic. The objective is to meet the deadlines for DS packets a fixed percent of time (QoS guarantee), at the same time minimizing the sum-power used for transmission in a distributed manner without feedback from <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">all</i> users to the base station (BS). Given each user's channel state and rate requirement, the optimal user ordering that minimizes sum-power is shown to be independent of the rate requirements and depends solely on the channel conditions. Based on this, using a limited amount of feedback, the proposed opportunistic feedback (OF) protocol guarantees QoS to DS data and minimizes sum-power. Numerical results show that ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</i> ) the OF protocol provides deadline-meeting guarantees and ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ii</i> ) minimizes sum-power with a greatly reduced feedback overhead as compared to that of a central scheduler.
Measurement of neutral strange particle production in the underlying event in proton-proton collisions ats=7  TeV (2013)

Measurements are presented of the production of primary K 0 S and particles in proton-proton collisions at ffiffi ffi s p 7 TeV in the region transverse to the leading charged-particle jet in each event. The average multiplicity and average scalar transverse momentum sum of K 0 S and particles measured at pseudorapidities jj < 2 rise with increasing charged-particle jet p T in the range 1-10 GeV=c and saturate in the region 10-50 GeV=c. The rise and saturation of the strange-particle yields and transverse momentum sums in the underlying event are similar to those observed for inclusive charged particles, which confirms the impact-parameter picture of multiple parton interactions. The results are compared to recent tunes of the PYTHIA Monte Carlo event generator. The PYTHIA simulations underestimate the data by 15%-30% for K 0 S mesons and by about 50% for baryons, a deficit similar to that observed for the inclusive strange-particle production in non-single-diffractive proton-proton collisions. The constant strange-to charged-particle activity ratios with respect to the leading jet p T and similar trends for mesons and baryons indicate that the multiparton-interaction dynamics is decoupled from parton hadronization, which occurs at a later stage.
Photorefractive properties of Ce- and Ca-doped Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 (1988)

We present the results of experimental study of the absorption coefficient, two-beam photorefractive coupling constant, and photorefractive response time of a doubly Ce- and Ca-doped Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6. This crystal displays enhanced photorefractive response at near infrared wavelengths when compared to Ce-doped SBN:60. The temperature dependence of the coupling constant over the range from −30 to 40 °C has also been studied.
Four novel mutations in the cystathionine ?-synthase gene: Effect of a second linked mutation on the severity of the homocystinuric phenotype (1999)

Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency is frequently caused by missense mutations. In this article, we report four novel missense mutations in the CBS gene: 172C-->T (R58W) linked in cis with A114V; 376A-->G (M126V); 904G-->A (E302K); and 1006C-->T (R336C). The CBS activity of the corresponding mutant enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli was greatly diminished, confirming the pathogenicity of these mutations. Western analysis showed that the R58W+A114V and M126V mutant enzymes were unstable in E. coli, while the E302K subunits were partially degraded to shorter products. Using site-directed mutagenesis we found that CBS containing either the R58W or A114V as the only mutations demonstrated 18% and 46% of normal activity, respectively. Both mutant forms of CBS were stable in E. coli. When these two mutations were expressed in cis, the resultant mutant protein exhibited activity 1.3% that of a control. All these in vitro results were in good agreement with the clinical manifestation in these patients. The Italian patient 2241, an A114V+R58W/M126V compound heterozygote, exhibited severe pyridoxine nonresponsive homocystinuria, while another Italian patient 2242, with an A114V/E302K genotype, responded to pyridoxine treatment and had a much milder phenotype. The third patient 3064, an English compound heterozygote for two severe mutations R336C and G307S, was B6 nonresponsive. This report of a ninth homocystinuric allele carrying two mutations in cis raises the possibility that double mutant alleles may be underestimated in homocystinuric patients. In this context, a search for additional mutations in cis may sometimes be necessary to establish a good genotype-phenotype relationship.
The relative biological effectiveness of antiprotons (2016)

This paper reports the final results of the experiment AD-4/ACE at CERN on the first-ever direct measurement of RBE of antiprotons and constitutes the first step toward developing treatment plans.
Correction to “Development of Fmoc-Protected Bis-Amino Acids toward Automated Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Spiroligomers” (2023)

In this paper we provide 2D NMR spectra and assignments of T1–T4, which are missing from the Supporting Information in the original version of publication.
Confirmation of a vanishingly small ring-current magnetic susceptibility of icosahedral buckminsterfullerene (1991)

In 1987, Elser and Haddon predicted a vanishingly small pi-electron contribution to the magnetic susceptibility of the icosahedral C60 molecule (buckminsterfullerene). This result runs counter to intuition and was subsequently disputed on the basis of ab initio computations. Following the recent discovery of methods for preparing (and purifying) large quantities of C60, we here report measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, chi, of a solid sample of pure C60 by SQUID magnetometry. The obtained mass value, chi-g = -0.35 x 10(-6), is far below that of graphite or benzene, consistent with the Elser-Haddon picture of accidental cancellation of the diamagnetic and paramagnetic contributions to chi. An estimate of the unusually large paramagnetic contribution is in accord with recent measurements of C60&amp;apos;s electronic excitations. The C70 molecule is also measured to have chi-g = -(0.59 +/- 0.05) x 10(-6).
Editorial Comment (1990)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1990Editorial Comment Jacob Rajfer Jacob RajferJacob Rajfer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)48014-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 144(3), p. 682 © 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 144Issue 3September 1990Page: 682 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jacob Rajfer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparison of three different fluorescent visualization strategies for detectingEscherichia coli ATP synthase subunits after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2001)

The correlation between protein molecular weight and the number of lysine or basic amino acid residues was found to be high for broad range molecular weight standards, subunits of Escherichia coli F1F0-ATP synthase and the translated open reading frame of E. coli. A relatively poor correlation between protein molecular weight and the number of cysteine residues was observed in all cases. The ability of amine-reactive, thiol-reactive and basic amino acid-binding fluorophores to detect the eight subunits of F1F0-ATP synthase complex was assessed using 2-methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H)-furanone (MDPF), monobromobimane (MBB) and SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain, respectively. Though experimentally none of the fluorophores provided accurate estimates of the subunit stoichiometry of this complex, MDPF and SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain were capable of semiquantitative detection of every subunit. MBB, however, failed to detect subunits a, b and c of the hydrophobic F0 complex, as well as subunit epsilon of the F1 complex. All three fluorescent detection procedures permitted subsequent identification of representative subunits by peptide mass profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The use of thiol-reactive fluorophores for the global analysis of protein expression profiles does not appear to be advisable as a significant number of proteins have few or no cysteine residues, thus escaping detection.