gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternative electrical distribution system architectures for automobiles (2002)

At present most automobiles use a 12 V electrical system with point-to-point wiring. The capability of this architecture in meeting the needs of future electrical loads is questionable. Furthermore, with the development of electric vehicles (EVs) there is a greater need for a better architecture. In this paper we outline the limitations of the conventional architecture and identify alternatives. We also present a multi-attribute trade-off methodology which compares these alternatives, and identifies a set of Pareto optimal architectures. The system attributes traded off are cost, weight, losses and probability of failure. These are calculated by a computer program that has built-in component attribute models. System attributes of a few dozen architectures are also reported and the results analyzed.
Prediction of structures of multidomain proteins from structures of the individual domains (2006)

We describe the development of a method for assembling structures of multidomain proteins from structures of isolated domains. The method consists of an initial low-resolution search in which the conformational space of the domain linker is explored using the Rosetta de novo structure prediction method, followed by a high-resolution search in which all atoms are treated explicitly and backbone and side chain degrees of freedom are simultaneously optimized. The method recapitulates, often with very high accuracy, the structures of existing multidomain proteins.
Bayesian Active Learning With Non-Persistent Noise (2015)

We consider the problem of noisy Bayesian active learning where we are given a finite set of functions H, a sample space X , and a label set £. One of the functions in H assigns labels to samples in X . The goal is to identify the function that generates the labels even though the result of a label query on a sample is corrupted by independent noise. More precisely, the objective is to declare one of the functions in H as the true label generating function with high confidence using as a few label queries as possible, by selecting the queries adaptively and in a strategic manner. Previous work in Bayesian active learning considers generalized binary search and its variants for the noisy case, and analyzes the number of queries required by these sampling strategies. In this paper, we show that these schemes are, in general, suboptimal. Instead we propose and analyze an alternative strategy for sample collection. Our sampling strategy is motivated by a connection between Bayesian active learning and active hypothesis testing, and is based on querying the label of a sample, which maximizes the extrinsic Jensen-Shannon divergence at each step. We provide upper and lower bounds on the performance of this sampling strategy, and show that these bounds are better than the previous bounds in the literature.
Early documentation of disaster victims (1982)

Summary Early documentation is important in the process of sorting disaster victims. To provide a basis for this documentation, a four category card has been designed that can be rapidly used with little previous training. Once folded, the card displays the category of urgency on one side and basic medical details on the reverse. Later changes of category can easily be effected by refolding the card.
Distortion of Olefin and Carbonyl .pi.-Orbitals in Dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octatrienes and Dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octadienones. Unsymmetrization of .pi. Lobes Arising from .pi.-.pi. Orbital Interactions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDistortion of Olefin and Carbonyl .pi.-Orbitals in Dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octatrienes and Dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octadienones. Unsymmetrization of .pi. Lobes Arising from .pi.-.pi. Orbital InteractionsTomohiko Ohwada, Iwao Okamoto, Naoki Haga, and Koichi ShudoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 14, 3975–3984Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00093a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00093a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views411Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Comparison of measured and modeled temporal coherence of sound near 75 Hz and 3683 km in the Pacific Ocean (2008)

The hypothesis to test is internal gravity waves following a Garrett-Munk spectrum are sufficient to explain temporal coherence of sound at 3683 km in the Pacific Ocean for a signal at 75 Hz and a pulse resolution of 0.03 s. Signals from a 20 min transmission are collected on a towed array. After correcting the data for what likely appears to be acceleration of the receiver, the probability distribution for multipath coherence time is very similar to that obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of the impulse response. The most likely coherence time is 20 min, the longest that can be measured with a 20 min transmission. Predictions of multipath temporal coherence and amplitude fluctuations appear accurate enough to make useful predictions of channel capacity.
Extending the BACIC algorithm for robust transmission over a noisy channel (2000)

This study introduces error control to the block arithmetic coding for image compression (BACIC): a new method for lossless bilevel image compression. BACIC can successfully transmit bilevel images when channel bit error rates are as high as 10(-3) while providing compression ratios twice that of G3, the only facsimile standard which incorporates error control into its algorithm.
The Integration Solution of Copper Barrier Deposition for Nanometer Interconnect Process (2008)

As the dimensions of devices are shrunk quickly, the requirements of metallization become more critical. For VIA barrier and seeding layer filling and deposition, the process was mostly applied with the copper physical vapor deposition methodology in the back-end of line flow of the interconnection metallization. The criteria for barrier and seeding layer deposition are the metal continuity inside the VIA feature and grain size and orientation control for film diffusion barrier and qualities. Besides, while the interconnection size shrunk to nano-scale, the barrier thickness would be very thinner to maintain the VIA resistance; however, it would face the film conformity and continuity consistence within the wafer and different features. The integration solution would be developed and studied with the re-sputter process step adding into the convectional physical vapor deposition process. The resputter process step could not only improve the film conformity and continuity in the VIA's sidewall; but also reduce the resistance of VIA feature over 20%. The improvement of the resputter method adding into the deposition process would be contributed to the standard barrier deposition in the nano-scale feature of the interconnect. Besides, we also discussed the effect of the film properties after the resputter process introduced into the barrier deposition.
Resting and Exercise Haemodynamic Characteristics of Patients with Advanced Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (2021)

A significantly higher PCWL and lower cardiac index reserve during exercise were observed in AdHF patients compared with non-advanced. These differences were not apparent at rest. Therapies targeting the haemodynamic compromise associated with advanced HFpEF are needed.
Engineering cell motility via substrate incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) (2003)

This study examined the modulation of cell migratory responsiveness to protein-adsorbed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) variant copolymers. To this end, fibronectin was adsorbed to equivalent levels on copolymers based on a family of tyrosine/PEG derived polycarbonates. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed unique protein distributions for each copolymer system, indicating that although equal amounts of ligand are presented, the concentration of PEG in the underlying substrate can effect the adsorbed ligand. Consequently, quantitation of fibronectin RGD-binding sites on the protein-adsorbed copolymers revealed that cell-binding sites were maximized at intermediate concentrations of PEG. Our migration studies demonstrated that increasing PEG in the copolymer increased cell speed monotonically up to an intermediate PEG level where a maximum speed was reached. After incubating cells on ligand adsorbed copolymers, higher PEG levels elicited equivalent number of cell-binding sites relative to those on intermediate levels of PEG. Integrin inhibition studies showed that /spl alpha//sub 5//spl beta//sub 1/ was critical in modulating the number of RGD sites. Our AFM data suggests that rearrangement at higher PEG levels was facilitated by electrostatic repulsion, effecting fibronectin slippage at the polymer surface as well as conformational rearrangement revealing addition al RGD binding sites. Overall, we report on the finding that cell migratory responsiveness to a given ligand concentration can be further manipulated via systematic ligand changes due to the substrate PEG composition.
Serum Neutralizing Activity of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 Variants (2021)

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has led to growing concerns over increased transmissibility and the ability of some variants to partially escape immunity. Sera from participants immunized on a prime-boost schedule with the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine were tested for neutralizing activity against several SARS-CoV-2 variants, including variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs), compared to neutralization of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus (designated D614G). Results showed minimal, statistically nonsignificant effects on neutralization titers against the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant (1.2-fold reduction compared with D614G); other VOCs, such as B.1.351 (Beta, including B.1.351-v1, B.1.351-v2, and B.1.351-v3), P.1 (Gamma), and B.1.617.2 (Delta), showed significantly decreased neutralization titers ranging from 2.1-fold to 8.4-fold reductions compared with D614G, although all remained susceptible to mRNA-1273-elicited serum neutralization. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> In light of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 that have been documented globally during the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains important to continually assess the ability of currently available vaccines to confer protection against newly emerging variants. Data presented herein indicate that immunization with the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine produces neutralizing antibodies against key emerging variants tested, including variants of concern and variants of interest. While the serum neutralization elicited by mRNA-1273 against most variants tested was reduced compared with that against the wild-type virus, the level of neutralization is still expected to be protective. Such data are crucial to inform ongoing and future vaccination strategies to combat COVID-19.
Skin regeneration with all accessory organs following ablation with irreversible electroporation (2016)

Skin scar formation is a complex process that results in the formation of dense extracellular matrix (ECM) without normal skin appendages such as hair and glands. The absence of a scarless healing model in adult mammals prevents the development of successful therapies. We show that irreversible electroporation of skin drives its regeneration with all accessory organs in normal adult rats. Pulsed electric fields at 500 V, with 70 μs pulse duration and 1000 pulses delivered at 3 Hz, applied through two electrodes separated by 2 mm lead to massive cell death. However, the ECM architecture of the skin was preserved. Six months after the ablation, the epidermis, sebaceous glands, panniculus carnosus, hair follicles, microvasculature and arrector pili muscle were altogether re-formed in the entire ablated area. These results suggest a key role of the ECM architecture in the differentiation, migration and signalling of cells during scarless wound healing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-Bit-Rate Dense SS-WDM PON Using SOA-Based Noise Reduction With a Novel Balanced Detection (2009)

The major drawback of incoherent broadband sources (BBSs) is their inherent intensity noise. Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) can be exploited at the transmitter to mitigate this noise. Optical filtering at the receiver, however, leads to the return of most of suppressed noise. Wider filtering at the receiver is the best known strategy to maintain performance gains, at the price of reduced spectral efficiency due to the tradeoff between noise cleaning and adjacent channel crosstalk. We introduce a novel balanced receiver for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems that maintains greater noise cleaning and leaves spectral efficiency unchanged. Unlike standard receivers, our balanced scheme does not filter the desired signal. In this paper, we first demonstrate that the newly proposed receiver is equivalent to standard WDM receivers when no SOA for noise cleaning is present at the transmitter. Although a 2.9-dB power penalty is incurred, network capacity is unchanged, i.e., bit error rate (BER) floors due to intensity noise are the same. When SOAs are employed to mitigate severe intensity noise, we show that our receiver outperforms the wide filtering strategy by two orders of magnitude. Dense WDM capacity is demonstrated up to 10 Gb/s using a thermal source, a saturated SOA, and the balanced detection scheme. A BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> is achieved at 10 Gb/s; further improvement is possible using low overhead forward error correction or a better SOA design. This demonstrates the ability of spectrum-sliced wavelength division multiplexing (SS-WDM) passive optical networks (PONs) to operate at 10 Gb/s at good spectral efficiency. Error performance better than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> is achieved up to 8 Gb/s with 30-GHz optical channel bandwidth and 100-GHz spacing.
PRORETA 3: An Integrated Approach to Collision Avoidance and Vehicle Automation (2012)

Zusammenfassung The article describes first results of the research project PRORETA 3 that aims at the development of an integral driver assistance system for collision avoidance and automated vehicle guidance based on a modular system architecture. For this purpose, relevant information is extracted from a dense environment model and fed into a potential field-based trajectory planner that calculates reference signals for underlying vehicle controllers. In addition, the driver is supported by a human-machine interface.
Studies of the Photo Acid Generator Material Design for Chemically Amplified Photoresists (2009)

In current optical lithography, resolution is required to reach for 45 nm half-pitch and a chemically amplified resist (CAR) is used for a wide variety of applications. For ArF lithography beyond the 45 nm half-pitch, it is important to control pattern quality. The molecular design of a photo acid generator (PAG) is very important in the study to control not only acid strength but also acid diffusion length. Various novel PAGs that have different characteristics were synthesized for resist performance improvement. Acid molecular size was determined by molecular orbital (MO) calculation, and the acid diffusion coefficients (D) of these PAGs were evaluated by a bilayer method. As a result, it was found that acid diffusion coefficient (D) could not be controlled simply by adjusting anion molecular size. It may be presumed that the molecular interaction between acid generated by the exposure and polymer matrix areas is one of the most important key factors for controlling acid diffusion.
Interfacial and breakdown characteristics of MOS devices with rapidly grown ultrathin SiO2 gate insulators (1986)

Metal-oxide-semiconductor devices fabricated with tungsten/n+ polysilicon composite gates and subhundred-angstrom SiO2 gate insulators grown by rapid thermal oxidation were characterized by various electrical measurements. The as-fabricated devices with unannealed rapidly grown oxides exhibited breakdown characteristics superior to furnace-grown oxides as evidenced by their excellent breakdown uniformity, an average breakdown field of 15 MV/cm, and an average breakdown charge density of over 50 C/ sq cm 2 at a stress current density of 1 A/sq cm. The preoxidation surface cleaning procedure was observed to affect the charge-to-breakdown and the densities of fixed oxide charges and surface states in these MOS structures.
Identifying high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma–specific extracellular vesicles by polyketone-coated nanowires (2023)

Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have unique protein profiles, making them promising targets as disease biomarkers. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the deadly subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, and we aimed to identify HGSOC-specific membrane proteins. Small EVs (sEVs) and medium/large EVs (m/lEVs) from cell lines or patient serum and ascites were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, revealing that both EV subtypes had unique proteomic characteristics. Multivalidation steps identified FRα, Claudin-3, and TACSTD2 as HGSOC-specific sEV proteins, but m/lEV-associated candidates were not identified. In addition, for using a simple-to-use microfluidic device for EV isolation, polyketone-coated nanowires (pNWs) were developed, which efficiently purify sEVs from biofluids. Multiplexed array assays of sEVs isolated by pNW showed specific detectability in cancer patients and predicted clinical status. In summary, the HGSOC-specific marker detection by pNW are a promising platform as clinical biomarkers, and these insights provide detailed proteomic aspects of diverse EVs in HGSOC patients.
Perioperative Maintenance of Normothermia Reduces the Incidence of Morbid Cardiac Events. A Randomized Clinical Trial (1998)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Perioperative Care1 Jul 1998Perioperative Maintenance of Normothermia Reduces the Incidence of Morbid Cardiac Events. A Randomized Clinical Trial S.M. Frank, L.A. Fleisher, M.J. Breslow, M.S. Higgins, K.F. Olson, S. Kelly, and C. Beattie S.M. FrankS.M. Frank More articles by this author , L.A. FleisherL.A. Fleisher More articles by this author , M.J. BreslowM.J. Breslow More articles by this author , M.S. HigginsM.S. Higgins More articles by this author , K.F. OlsonK.F. Olson More articles by this author , S. KellyS. Kelly More articles by this author , and C. BeattieC. Beattie More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63151-3AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Perioperative Maintenance of Normothermia Reduces the Incidence of Morbid Cardiac Events. A Randomized Clinical Trial." The Journal of Urology, 160(1), p. 289 Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, and Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 160Issue 1July 1998Page: 289 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information S.M. Frank More articles by this author L.A. Fleisher More articles by this author M.J. Breslow More articles by this author M.S. Higgins More articles by this author K.F. Olson More articles by this author S. Kelly More articles by this author C. Beattie More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Solvent-free selective epoxidation of cyclooctene using supported gold catalysts (2009)

Oxidation is one of the major pathways for the synthesis of chemical intermediates. The epoxidation of alkenes by the electrophilic addition of oxygen to a carbon–carbon double bond remains one of the most significant challenges in oxidation. Of key importance is the use of oxygen as the oxidant, but in many cases more reactive, and less green, sources of oxygen are used. We report the solvent-free epoxidation of cyclooctene with air using supported gold catalysts with small amounts of a hydroperoxide. We identify the appropriate reaction conditions to maximize the selectivity of the epoxide. In the absence of a hydroperoxide initiator, using air at atmospheric pressure, no reaction is observed. Choice of the peroxide initiator is crucial and in the absence of a catalyst or a support the reaction of the alkene can be observed with di-t-butyl peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) only when high concentrations are used at high temperatures ≥ 80 °C, and TBHP was found to be the more selective to epoxide formation. In contrast, cumene hydroperoxide was highly reactive under all conditions evaluated. TBHP was selected for more detailed study. Use of graphite as a support was found to give the best combination of selectivity and conversion. In general the selectivity to the epoxide increased with reaction temperature from 60–80 °C and was highest at 80 °C. Other carbon supports, e.g. activated carbon, were found to be less effective. TiO2- and SiO2-supported Au catalysts were also selective for the epoxidation reaction and the general order of activity was: graphite > SiO2 > TiO2. The major by-product is the allylic alcohol and the reaction pathways to the epoxides and the allylic alcohol are discussed. Preparation of catalysts using a sol-immobilisation method significantly enhanced catalyst activity with retention of selectivity to the epoxide.