gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applied environmental stresses to enhance the levels of polyphenolics in leaves of hawthorn plants (2004)

In this investigation, two species of Crataegus (hawthorn) were chosen because their polyphenolic constituents have recently received greater attention for the treatment of patients with severe heart disease. One-year-old plants of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata and C. monogyna) were subjected to water-deficit (continuous water deprivation), cold (4 degrees C), flooding (immersion of roots of plants in water) or herbivory (leaf removal) stress treatments (each of 10 days duration) in order to assess their effects on levels of polyphenolics, namely (-)-epicatechin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vitexin, vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside, acetylvitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside, hyperoside, quercetin, and rutin in the leaves. The working hypothesis followed is that one or more of these stress treatment will elicit increases in the levels of these polyphenolics. Cold stress causes increases in levels of vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside, acetylvitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside, hyperoside, and quercetin in both Crataegus species. Water-deficit stress increased the productivity of chlorogenic acid, catechin, and (-)-epicatechin in both hawthorn species. Flooding and herbivory caused no net increases, and in some cases, decreases in levels of polyphenolics. These studies indicate that either water-deficit stress or cold stress treatments, or a combination of the two, can be used to enhance the levels of desired polyphenolics in the leaves of these two hawthorn species in a photobioreactor system. These results may have significance for hawthorn in adapting to water-deficit or cold stress and are important considerations for the use of hawthorn in the treatment of heart disease in humans.
Systemic Light-Chain Amyloidosis: Advances in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy (2010)

Systemic light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is caused by misfolded immunoglobulin light-chain proteins that aggregate and deposit as unique fibrils, ultimately leading to organ failure and death. Recent developments that have significantly aided the management of patients with AL include diagnostic techniques for definitive typing of amyloid deposits by use of laser microdissection with mass spectrometry and customized protein bioinformatics, and validated staging and response-scoring systems that improve clinical trial design. The widespread use of cardiac biomarker staging and serum-free light-chain levels to evaluate response to therapy has also improved care. Standard therapies such as oral melphalan and dexamethasone or autologous stem cell transplant continue to be important options, while thalidomide and its analogs, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, and the proteasome-inhibitor bortezomib have activity in AL and have expanded our armamentarium. Continued improvement in outcomes, however, will require the commitment and cooperation of pharmaceutical companies, regulatory agencies, academic investigators, and cooperative groups/consortia. This effort will involve the conduct of well-designed clinical trials of new agents and combinations within a modern framework that categorizes the study populations of patients with AL, defines the end points appropriate to those populations and to the different phases of clinical trials, employs the newly available staging and response criteria, and standardizes adverse event reporting.
Gestionnaire d'énergie pour une infrastructure de recharge (2011)

Dépôt Application IDDN.FR.001.490022.000.SP.2012.000.3
Offset word-line architecture for scaling DRAMs to the gigabit level (1988)

An alternative to the boosted word-line DRAM architecture is described that is scalable to the gigabit level and avoids the problems of poor performance and high gate fields of conventional boosted word-line circuits. The alternative is called an offset word-line architecture, because the cell switch is changed to depletion mode and the word line is pulled beyond the cell switch device's source voltage rather than boosted beyond its drain voltage. The large voltage swing for the word line does not cause large fields across the gate dielectric in the word-line driver or array access device because the gates of some devices use materials with modified work functions. The word-line voltage swing can be greater than the bit-line voltage swing plus the required threshold voltage even for gigabit-scale integration DRAM technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Targeting CD73 with AB680 (Quemliclustat), a Novel and Potent Small-Molecule CD73 Inhibitor, Restores Immune Functionality and Facilitates Antitumor Immunity (2022)

T cells play a critical role in the control of cancer. The development of immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) aimed at enhancing antitumor T-cell responses has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, durable clinical benefit is observed in only a subset of patients, prompting research efforts to focus on strategies that target multiple inhibitory signals within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to limit tumor evasion and improve patient outcomes. Adenosine has emerged as a potent immune suppressant within the TME, and CD73 is the major enzyme responsible for its extracellular production. CD73 can be co-opted within the TME to impair T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity and promote tumor growth. To target this pathway and block the formation of adenosine, we designed a novel, selective, and potent class of small-molecule inhibitors of CD73, including AB680 (quemliclustat), which is currently being tested in patients with cancer. AB680 effectively restored T-cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity that were dampened by the formation of immunosuppressive adenosine by CD73. Furthermore, in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction where CD73-derived adenosine had a dominant suppressive effect in the presence of PD-1 blockade, AB680 restored T-cell activation and function. Finally, in a preclinical mouse model of melanoma, AB680 inhibited CD73 in the TME and increased the antitumor activity of PD-1 blockade. Collectively, these data provide a rationale for the inhibition of CD73 with AB680 in combination with ICB, such as anti-PD-1, to improve cancer patient outcomes.
Supplementary material from "Selective recognition of N4-methylcytosine in DNA by engineered transcription-activator-like effectors" (2018)

The epigenetic DNA nucleobases 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and <i>N</i>4-methylcytosine (4mC) coexist in bacterial genomes and have important functions in host defence and transcription regulation. To better understand the individual biological roles of both methylated nucleobases, analytical strategies for distinguishing unmodified cytosine (C) from 4mC and 5mC are required. Transcription-activator-like effectors (TALEs) are programmable DNA-binding repeat proteins, which can be re-engineered for the direct detection of epigenetic nucleobases in user-defined DNA sequences. We here report the natural, cytosine-binding TALE repeat to not strongly differentiate between 5mC and 4mC. To engineer repeats with selectivity in the context of C, 5mC and 4mC, we developed a homogeneous fluorescence assay and screened a library of size-reduced TALE repeats for binding to all three nucleobases. This provided insights into the requirements of size-reduced TALE repeats for 4mC binding and revealed a single mutant repeat as a selective binder of 4mC. Employment of a TALE with this repeat in affinity enrichment enabled the isolation of a user-defined DNA sequence containing a single 4mC but not C or 5mC from the background of a bacterial genome. Comparative enrichments with TALEs bearing this or the natural C-binding repeat provides an approach for the complete, programmable decoding of all cytosine nucleobases found in bacterial genomes.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.
Crystal structure of a novel polyisoprenoid‐binding protein from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (2005)

The isoprenoid quinones exist widely among prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They play essential roles in respiratory electron transport and in controlling oxidative stress and gene regulation. In the isoprenoid quinone biosynthetic pathway, polyprenyl pyrophosphates are used as isoprenoid side-chain precursors. Here we report the crystal structure of a novel polyprenyl pyrophosphate binding protein, TT1927b, from Thermus thermophilus HB8, complexed with its ligand. This protein belongs to the YceI-like family in the Pfam database, and its sequence homologs are present in a broad range of bacteria and archaea. The structure consists of an extended, eight-stranded, antiparallel beta-barrel. In the hydrophobic pore of the barrel, the protein binds the polyisoprenoid chain by hydrophobic interactions. Its overall structure resembles the lipocalin fold, but there is no sequence homology between TT1927b and the lipocalin family of proteins.
Real‐time identification and prediction of geoeffective solar wind structures (1996)

A feature‐based classification technique is applied to the analysis of solar wind properties upstream of the Earth to predict the occurrence, duration, and magnitude of magnetic structures that can cause large geomagnetic storms. Because this method is based on identifiable physical features, it is highly upgradable by either analyzing data or physical models. The formulation of the technique is discussed and is then applied to two relatively “simple” solar wind events leading to large storms. The introduction of additional features to classify more “complicated” events is discussed to illustrate the upgradability.
Learning Discriminative Features and Structured Models for Segmentation of 2D and 3D Imagery (2014)

We consider the case where l : W → R is a convex loss function so that f(w) is a λ-strongly convex function where λ = 1 C . Recall that the definition of an -subgradient of f(w) is: ∀w′ ∈ W,g (w −w′) ≥ f(w)− f(w′)− . (3) In the following, we will assume that the magnitude of the -subgradients we compute is bounded by a constant G, i.e. ||g||22 ≤ G. Let w∗ be the minimizer of L(w). The following relation then holds trivially for w∗: g (w −w∗) ≥ f(w)− f(w∗)− . (4) 1) Convergence properties of the t parameter vector: This proof for subgradients was derived in [1] and we extend it to approximate subgradients here. We first present some inequalities that will be used in the following proof. By the strong convexity of f(w), we have:
A216 Study on Characteristics of Metallic Uranium Fuel with Zirconium Matrix (2011)

The metallic uranium fuel with the metallic zirconium matrix (METMET fuel) is a dispersion type of fuel, and has been developed in A.A. Bochvar Institute, Russia. The primary advantages of METMET fuel are higher uranium content by 33% more than that of UO_2 fuel, low operation temperature of the fuel, and the extension of the core life. The nuclear characteristics of the small reactor with METMET fuel have been studied. As a feasibility calculation, we evaluated burn-up characteristics of METMET fuel and UO_2 fuel in pin cell geometry for comparison using calculation code SRAC2006. The result shows that the core life with METMET fuel is extended by up to 1.4 times longer. Furthermore, we investigated the core characteristics of a small reactor with METMET fuel. The concept of this small reactor is that the excess reactivity is suppressed during the cycle by initially loading the burnable poison, Gd_2O_3 in the fuel. This core resulted in 9.6 effective full power years as the core life, and the excess reactivity was less than 5%Δk/k during the whole core life.
Adsorption Configurations and Reactions of Nitric Acid on TiO2 Rutile (110) and Anatase (101) surfaces (2009)

The adsorption and reactions of the monomer and dimer of nitric acid on TiO2 rutile (110) and anatase (101) surfaces have been studied by first-principles density functional theory with ultrasoft pseudopotential approximation. The most stable configuration of HNO3 on the rutile surface is a molecular monodentate adsorbed on the 5-fold coordinated Ti atom with the hydrogen bonded to a neighboring surface bridging oxygen with the adsorption energy of 6.7 kcal/mol. It can dissociate its H atom to a nearest bridged oxygen with almost no barrier to produce NO3(a) + H(a). The rotation of NO3 requires a barrier of 12.2 kcal/mol to form the didentate configuration, Ti5c−ON(O)−Ti5cH−O2c(a), which adsorbs on two 5-fold coordinated Ti atoms with the adsorption energy of 16.5 kcal/mol. In the case of the adsorption of 2HNO3 molecules, the most stable configuration, 2(Ti5c−ON(O)OH...O2c(a)), has a structure similar to two single HNO3 adsorbates on two 5-fold coordinated Ti atoms with the adsorption energy of 12.8 kcal/mol, which is about twice that of the single HNO3 molecule. The result suggests that the interaction of the two planar HNO3 adsorbates is negligible. The dehydration from 2(Ti5c−ON(O)OH...O2c(a)) forming N2O5(a) + H2O(a) requires an energy barrier of 46.2 kcal/mol, indicating that the dimerization of the two HNO3(a) is difficult. Similar adsorption phenomena appear on the anatase (101) surface. In addition, we find that the coadsorption of hydrogen plays a significant role in the adsorption energies of adsorbates, especially for the NO3 radical, which may be employed as a linker between semiconductor quantum dots such as InN and the TiO2 surface.
Compressed Sensing Based Non-Orthogonal Pilot Designs for Multi-Antenna Grant-Free Access Systems (2020)

Grant-free access is an attractive approach to enable spectrum-efficient low-latency access for systems with massive number of users. Pilot design plays a crucial role for grant-free access as it needs to provide a large number of access codes with fast collision detection capability and good channel estimation performance. Recently, pilot designs with fast collision detection capability have been proposed for compressed sensing (CS) based channel estimation. But the existing designs are not optimized for the estimation of highly sparse and block-sparse channels. In this paper, we present several propositions related to the performances of the CS based sparse and block-sparse channel estimation. Utilizing these propositions, we develop a novel non-orthogonal pilot design with fast collision detection capability for grant-free access in block-sparse channels. We also propose two methods to optimize the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the proposed non-orthogonal pilot codes. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed design provides similar or better channel estimation and collision detection performances with much better pilot resource efficiency when compared to the existing designs. Finally, we investigate the trade-offs among different design parameters and the channel estimation performances to facilitate better design choices.
A general approach for assessment of print quality (2013)

Laser electrophotographic printers are complex systems that can generate prints with a number of possible artifacts that are very di_erent in nature. It is a challenging task to develop a single processing algorithm that can effectively identify such a wide range of print quality defects. In this paper, we describe an image processing and analysis pipeline that can effectively assess the presence of a wide range of artifacts, as a general approach. In our paper, we will discuss in detail the algorithm that comprises the image processing and analysis pipeline, and will illustrate the efficacy of the pipeline with a number of examples.
Measurement Technique of Slug Flow Characteristics Using Image Data Processing. (I). Measurement Technique of Rising Velocity and Liquid Film Thickness of Slug Bubbles. (2000)

Geysering may be induced during start-up in natural circulation boiling water reactors. It is necessary for simulation of this flow instability to model the coalescence mechanism and condensation process of slug bubbles. In this work, image data processing technique using a CCD digital camera has been developed to measure slug flow characteristics. The developed measurement technique of rising velocity of slug bubbles and liquid film thickness surrounding a bubble and its measurement accuracy are discussed in this paper.
Landing adaptations after ACL reconstruction (2002)

The hamstring ACLr recreational athletes utilized an adapted landing strategy that employed the hip extensor muscles less and the ankle plantarflexor muscles more. The harvesting of the medial hamstring muscles for ACL reconstruction may contribute to the utilization of this protective landing strategy.
Catheterized plasma X-ray source (2023)

A radiation generator useful for medical applications, among others, is provided. The radiation generator includes a catheter; a plasma discharge chamber situated within a terminal portion of the catheter, a cathode and an anode positioned within the plasma discharge chamber and separated by a gap, and a high-voltage transmission line extensive through the interior of the catheter and terminating on the cathode and anode so as to deliver, in operation, one or more voltage pulses across the gap.
Authoring and animating painterly characters (2013)

Artists explore the visual style of animated characters through 2D concept art, since it affords them a nearly unlimited degree of creative freedom. Realizing the desired visual style, however, within the 3D character animation pipeline is often impossible, since artists must work within the technical limitations of the pipeline toolset. In order to expand the range of possible visual styles for digital characters, our research aims to incorporate the expressiveness afforded by 2D concept painting into the computer animation pipeline as a core component of character authoring and animation. While prior 3D painting methods focus on static geometry or simple animations, we develop tools for the more difficult task of character animation. Our system shows how 3D stroke-based paintings can be deformed using standard rigging tools. We also propose a configuration-space keyframing algorithm for authoring stroke effects that depend on scene variables such as character pose or light position. During animation, our system supports stroke-based temporal keyframing for one-off effects. Our primary technical contribution is a novel interpolation scheme for configuration-space keyframing that ensures smooth, controllable results. We demonstrate several characters authored with our system that exhibit painted effects difficult to achieve with traditional animation tools.
Kaleidoscope Eyes: Microstructure and Optical Performance of Chiton\n Ocelli (2021)

The chiton Acanthopleura granulata uses aragonitic lenses embedded in its\nshell to focus light onto photoreceptors. Because aragonite is biaxially\nbirefringent, the microstructure of the lens greatly impacts the optical\nperformance. In addition, the chiton lives in the intertidal, so lenses\nexperience two environments with different refractive indices: air and water.\nUsing EBSD, we find that the lens is polycrystalline and contains curved grain\nboundaries. A combination of large, twinned grains and nanotwins ensure that\nthe aragonitic &lt;001&gt; axis is consistent across the lens. However, the\norientation of the &lt;001&gt; axis relative to the shell varies between lenses. Ray\ntracing simulations predict the optical performance of lenses of various\nmicrostructures in wet and dry environments. Though twinning helps to limit\nbirefringence-induced aberrations, variations in the orientation of the &lt;001&gt;\naxis between lenses lead to variations in focal lengths between lenses and\ncause image doubling in some lenses. As such, the birefringence of aragonite\ndoes not help the lens to transmit focused images in both air and water.\n
An Analytical Time–Domain Expression for the Net Ripple Produced by Parallel Interleaved Converters (2016)

We apply modular arithmetic and Fourier series to analyze the superposition of N interleaved triangular waveforms with identical amplitudes and duty ratios. Here, interleaving refers to the condition when a collection of periodic waveforms with identical periods is uniformly phase shifted across one period. The main result is a time-domain expression that provides an exact representation of the summed and interleaved triangular waveforms, where the peak amplitude and parameters of the time-periodic component are all specified in closed form. Analysis is general and can be used to study various applications in multiconverter systems. This model is unique not only in that it reveals a simple and intuitive expression for the net ripple, but its derivation via modular arithmetic and Fourier series is distinct from prior approaches. The analytical framework is experimentally validated with a system of three parallel converters under time-varying operating conditions.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Bladder Neck Obstruction, and Prostatitis (2007)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Mechanical (static) obstruction Smooth muscle (dynamic) obstruction Differential diagnosis Urodynamic evaluation Primary bladder neck obstruction Acquired voiding dysfunction Bladder diverticula The neurogenic bladder and BPH Chronic pelvic pain syndrome/prostatitis Suggested Reading
Cardiac applications of digital subtraction angiography (1983)

Recent developments in digital computer technology have enabled direct digital acquisition of radiographic images at spatial and temporal resolutions similar to that of cineradiography.Initially intended as a means of performing peripheral angiography, digital subtraction angiography has been increasingly applied to cardiac catheterization procedures.Advantages of cardiac digital substraction angiography include the capabilities to: immediately replay, magnify and enhance angiographic studies during coronary artery interventions, perform left ventriculography with peripheral contrast injections and direct left ventriculography with substantially reduced contrast doses, perform bypass graft visualization using aortic root contrast injection, assess relative regional coronary blood flow and facilitate the quantification of ventriculographic and coronary stenosis parameters.Clinical comparisons of standard cineradiographic and digital angiographic studies have demonstrated very similar results.
The origin and mitigation of volcano-like morphologies in micron-thick AlGaN/AlN heteroepitaxy (2017)

We investigated the origin of morphological instability in 2 μm thick Al0.6Ga0.4N/AlN heteroepitaxy. The primary morphology was driven by the residual epitaxial strain, forming hill-like morphologies via surface diffusion. The secondary morphology was driven by the interaction between the primary morphology and dislocation clusters in the epitaxial layers. The difference in the local growth rate yields volcano-like morphologies centering on deep pits. Insertion of multi-stack superlattice transition layers between AlGaN and GaN effectively suppressed the secondary morphologies by simultaneously pre-relaxing the template and filtering treading dislocations.