gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Etching and Deposition (2017)

This chapter explores the potential use of top-down processing methods for the creation of nano-arrays and highlights limitations that have to be overcome to ensure the success of these processes. It focuses on extending top-down methods to the nanoscale, the bottom-up methods and highlights the overall challenge in nanoscale patterning. The chapter features a discussion of some of the fundamental scientific concepts behind plasma–surface interactions, the potential applications of plasmas for surface preparation and nanomaterial patterning, and further usage of plasma in other applications such as medicine. It examines the potential role that plasmas can play in the creation and processing of nanostructures and nanomaterials. On a slight tangent, there exist many other potential avenues for plasmas regarding nanostructures and materials research. Plasma treatment has also been used to functionalize nanostructures with a variety of organic and inorganic surface groups.
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty with a Metal-Backed, Bone-Ingrowth Glenoid Component (2008)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
<title>Fluorescence-based reversible immunosensors</title> (1999)

All immunosensors currently described in literature are irreversible. Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc. has developed a revolutionary method for producing reversible immunosensors. In this method, the antibody and a labeled analog (structurally and functionally similar to the antigen) are coimmobilized on the sensor surface. Under equilibrium conditions, the labeled analog interacts with immobilized antibody to produce a sensor response. However, in the presence of antigen (analyte), the equilibrium is disturbed as the analyte competes for the binding sites of the immobilized antibody. This produces a measurable sensor response. The equilibrium is shifted back by washing the analyte away with a wash buffer, and the bound analog interacts with the immobilized antibody. Polarization and intensity based measurements are used to design the analog. Photoinduced electron transfer is used to create fluorescent analogs that provide enhancements in fluorescence intensity that can be measured. This principle can be extended to the detection of bacteria.
Involvement of the lysosome in the catabolism of intracellular lysophosphatidylcholine and evidence for distinct pools of lysophosphatidylcholine. (1993)

The role of the lysosome in the metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholine was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes. Chloroquine, primaquine, and ammonium chloride caused a 2.5-fold increase in radioactive lysophosphatidylcholine in [methyl-3H]choline-labeled cells. This effect was confirmed by a 1.7-fold increase in lysophosphatidylcholine mass in chloroquine-treated hepatocytes. Chloroquine caused a 2.7-fold increase in radioactive lysophosphatidylethanolamine in [1-3H]ethanolamine-labeled cells and a 2.3-fold increase in radioactive lysophosphatidylcholine in [methyl-3H]methionine-labeled cells. Chloroquine did not affect formation of choline-containing aqueous metabolites or the level of radioactivity in phosphatidylcholine (PC). The effect of chloroquine on radioactive lysophosphatidylcholine accumulation was concentration-dependent and occurred within 10 min, consistent with rapid inhibition of lysosomal function. As there was no observed decrease in the 3H in PC, the accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine was likely due to the inhibition of acid lysophospholipase activity in chloroquine-treated cells. The accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine in the presence of chloroquine was observed in both short-term- (30 min) and equilibrium-(24 h) [methyl-3H]choline-labeled cells. Simultaneous incubation of hepatocytes with both albumin and chloroquine increased the radioactivity in lysophosphatidylcholine in the medium independently of the accumulation of radioactive lysophosphatidylcholine in the cells. The results suggest that there are separate pools of lysophosphatidylcholine in the hepatocyte and that the pool donated to an extracellular acceptor is different from the lysosomal pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pharmacotherapy for people with Alzheimer's disease: a Markov‐cycle evaluation of five years' therapy using donepezil (1998)

This article combines data from a clinical trial of donepezil with costing figures to evaluate expected direct costs of care over 5 years after diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for patients aged 75 years and over at diagnosis. A Markov model simulates the progression of elderly persons through changing levels of severity. The model compares three treatment regimes for each of two patient groups: mild AD at start of treatment; moderate AD at start of treatment. Patients are followed until 5 years after the start of the treatment. Despite the acquisition costs, use of donepezil is approximately cost-neutral for both 5 mg and 10 mg treatment groups and for patients initially at either mild or moderate states of illness. Expected costs are slightly higher than for the placebo group, but higher expenditure on drugs is partly offset by lower costs of care consequent on treated patients not declining as rapidly as those untreated. The model showed that donepezil patients spent less time in the state of severe dementia, where costs of care are higher. Sensitivity analysis on key assumptions demonstrated that expected costs were highly dependent on discount rate and, more significantly, on the mortality rate. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR Studies Part 3: Analysis of Lignins from Modern Kraft Pulping Technologies (1998)

This paper examines the changes in lignin structure of kraft black liquor samples isolated during and at the end of the cook. Employing a common wood source a series of conventional kraft pulps, kappa numbers 28, 18, and 13 and extended modified kraft pulps, at kappa numbers of 29, 18, and 14 were prepared. The kraft lignins were isolated and characterized using 13 C and 1 H-NMR methods. These studies confirmed that the pulping procedure influences the structural features of kraft lignins, including the content of phenoxy groups, β-O-aryl ether linkages, and condensed lignin units.
Spatially periodic patterns in a dc gas-discharge system (1992)

The evolution of spatially periodic patterns lateral to the current flow in a dc gas-discharge system consisting of a semiconductor and a metal electrode is reported. To explain these experiments a previously introduced two-layer model is used, which can be described by a system of reaction-diffusion equations. The discretized form of this system of equations can be interpreted as an equivalent electric circuit. Applying the center manifold theory to the system of equations, the experiments can be explained in terms of a bifurcation in that the system is undergoing a Turing diffusion instability. For the model, as well as in the experiments, the bifurcation from a homogeneous state into a spatially periodic structure is obtained by varying the externally applied voltage, the load resistance, or the width of the discharge slit. In connection with the application of the model to the gas-discharge system, the j(U) characteristic is measured for the whole discharge space and the positive column.
Load modeling for distribution circuit state estimation (1997)

Due to the limited availability of telemetered data on distribution circuits, an integral part of any practical distribution circuit state estimator is a load modeling procedure that provides estimates of load demands at all circuit nodes. Traditional load modeling techniques used for distribution power flows are designed for power system peak studies, and are not suitable for providing real-time statistical load estimates. This paper presents a real-time load modeling technique which incorporates the use of customer class curves and provides a measure of the uncertainty (statistics) in the estimates. It also incorporates the possibility of multiple line flow measurements and makes use of customer billing information. The load modeling technique is combined with a probabilistic distribution circuit state estimation algorithm. Results of the combined load modeling and state estimation algorithm are provided on an actual 934-bus distribution circuit illustrating its feasibility.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Enantioselective Bifunctional Catalysts for Nitro‐Michael Addition of Ketones and Aldehydes. (2012)

Abstract For the substrates (II), (IVb), (VIa) the title reaction gives better yields and enantioselectivities with the presented organocatalyst, which is prepared for the first time for this reaction, than for all previously reported similar systems.
Merit function for the evaluation of color uniformity in the far field of LED spot lights (2014)

The scope of the present paper is the derivation of a merit function which predicts the visual perception of LED spot lights. The color uniformity level <i>Usl</i> is described by a linear regression function of the spatial color distribution in the far field. Hereby, the function is derived from four basic functions. They describe the color uniformity of spot lights through different features. The result is a reliable prediction for the perceived color uniformity in spot lights. A human factor experiment was performed to evaluate the visual preferences for colors and patterns. A perceived rank order was derived from the subjects’ answers and compared with the four basic functions. The correlation between the perceived rank order and the basic functions was calculated resulting in the definition of the merit function U<sub>sl</sub>. The application of this function is shown by a comparison of visual evaluations and measurements of LED retrofit spot lamps. The results enable a prediction of color uniformity levels of simulations and measurements concerning the visual perception. The function provides a possibility to evaluate the far field of spot lights without individual subjective judgment.
Feather Touch 유제 처리에 의한 나노웹 이중 직물의 투습방수 성능 향상 (2017)

The electrospun nano-web is a very good candidate to replace Gore-Tex due to its similar structural characteristics. However, its water resistance is relatively low compared to Gore-Tex. In this study, silicone oils were applied to enhance the water resistance of nano-webs by coating their surface u...
MiR-126 and miR-126* regulate shear-resistant firm leukocyte adhesion to human brain endothelium (2017)

Leukocyte adhesion to brain endothelial cells, the blood-brain barrier main component, is a critical step in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Leukocyte adhesion is mediated mainly by selectins, cell adhesion molecules and chemokines induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IFNγ, but the regulation of this process is not fully clear. This study investigated the regulation of firm leukocyte adhesion to human brain endothelium by two different brain endothelial microRNAs (miRs), miR-126 and miR-126*, that are downregulated by TNFα and IFNγ in a human brain endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3. Using a leukocyte adhesion in vitro assay under shear forces mimicking blood flow, we observed that reduction of endothelial miR-126 and miR-126* enhanced firm monocyte and T cell adhesion to hCMEC/D3 cells, whereas their increased expression partially prevented THP1, Jurkat and primary MS patient-derived PBMC firm adhesion. Furthermore, we observed that miR-126* and miR-126 downregulation increased E-selectin and VCAM1, respectively, while miR-126 overexpression reduced VCAM1 and CCL2 expression by hCMEC/D3 cells, suggesting that these miRs regulate leukocyte adhesion by modulating the expression of adhesion-associated endothelial mRNA targets. Hence, human brain endothelial miR-126 and miR-126* could be used as a therapeutic tool to reduce leukocyte adhesion and thus reduce neuroinflammation.
Toward the Development of Printable Nanowire Electronics and Sensors (2009)

Abstract In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in the research and development of printable electronics on mechanically flexible substrates based on inorganic active components, which provide high performances and stable device operations at low cost. In this regard, various approaches have been developed for the direct transfer or printing of micro‐ and nanoscale, inorganic semiconductors on substrates. In this review article, we focus on the recent advancements in the large‐scale integration of single crystalline, inorganic‐nanowire (NW) arrays for electronic and sensor applications, specifically involving the contact printing of NWs at defined locations. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and the state‐of‐the‐art of this technology, and present an integration platform for future printable, heterogeneous‐sensor circuitry based on NW parallel arrays.
Propionic acid production from corn stover hydrolysate by Propionibacterium acidipropionici (2017)

These results highlight the importance of media and fermentation strategy to improve PA production. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility of producing PA from corn stover hydrolysate.
Heteroligated PtII Weak-Link Approach complexes using hemilabile N-heterocyclic carbene–thioether and phosphino–thioether ligands (2013)

Herein we demonstrate a stepwise synthesis of heteroligated PtII Weak-Link Approach complexes with hemilabile N-heterocyclic carbene–thioether (NHC,S) and phosphino-thioether (P,S) ligands. These complexes, with both tweezer and triple-layer geometries, can be toggled between open, semiopen, and condensed states through the abstraction or introduction of Cl−. All species were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and, in many cases, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Because the condensed tweezer and triple-layer species exhibit dynamic behavior at room temperature, the tweezer complex was studied by variable temperature NMR spectroscopy, revealing two species at low temperatures thought to be diastereomers resulting from thioether inversion. The relevant thermodynamic parameters for this exchange were determined. Competition experiments were performed to probe the lability of the P,S ligand, and the ligand scrambling that occurs in WLA systems with entirely P,S ligands was not observed in these NHC,S/P,S heteroligated complexes. In contrast to the halide-induced ligand rearrangement reaction, in which heteroligated complexes form when the electron donating abilities of the “weak links” are different, the stepwise assembly strategy described here does not require different electron-donating abilities of the “weak links”, as it makes use of a non-labile N-heterocyclic carbene–metal interaction instead.
Towards integrated plasmonic quantum devices (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Integrated quantum photonics imposes very stringent and often contradictory requirements on the design of integrated optical components. Many material platforms have been proposed and developed to host the future quantum optical systems. All of them feature fundamental limitations that invite to consider more complex, hybrid platforms. In this talk, we focus on the use of plasmonic materials for realizing quantum devices that possess properties not available with only dielectric materials. We present our work on fast room-temperature single-photon sources and specifically address the problem of efficient outcoupling of the plasmonic modes to the far-field. We demonstrate optical spin-state readout from nitrogen-vacancies in nanodiamonds through surface plasmon-polaritons and show that quantum registers and sensors based on these color centers can operate within nanoscale optical circuits. We also discuss how our novel approach combining plasmonics with optofluidics helps achieving fast and deterministic positioning of nanodiamonds in the vicinity of plasmonic antennas. This result promises scalable assembly techniques for more complex nanophotonic systems. With these new functionalities, plasmonic devices could play a decisive role in the engineering of tomorrow’s quantum photonic systems.
Measurement of cross relaxation between two selected nuclei by synchronous nutation of magnetization in nuclear magnetic resonance (1993)

A novel technique is described that allows one to measure cross-relaxation rates (Overhauser effects) between two selected nuclei in high-resolution NMR. The two chosen sites are irradiated simultaneously with the sidebands of an amplitude-modulated radio-frequency field, so that their magnetization vectors are forced to undergo a simultaneous motion, which is referred to as ‘‘synchronous nutation.’’ From the time-dependence observed for different initial conditions, one may derive cross-relaxation rates, and hence determine internuclear distances. The scalar interactions between the selected spins and other spins belonging to the same coupling network are effectively decoupled. Furthermore, cross relaxation to other spins in the environment does not affect the transient response of the selected spins, which are therefore in effect isolated from their environment in terms of dipolar interactions. The method is particularly suitable to study cases where normal Overhauser effects are perturbed by spin-diffusion effects due to the presence of further spins. The technique is applied to the protein bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.
A novel optical direct-detection I/Q up-conversion with I/Q imbalance compensation via Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure (2009)

We proposed RF detect-detection vector signal generation using optical I/Q up-conversion. The Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure is employed to compensate I/Q imbalance. After transmission over 100-km SMF, penalties of 5-Gb/s QPSK signals can be ignored.
Data from <i>PCAT-1</i>, a Long Noncoding RNA, Regulates BRCA2 and Controls Homologous Recombination in Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Impairment of double-stranded DNA break (DSB) repair is essential to many cancers. However, although mutations in DSB repair proteins are common in hereditary cancers, mechanisms of impaired DSB repair in sporadic cancers remain incompletely understood. Here, we describe the first role for a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in DSB repair in prostate cancer. We identify &lt;i&gt;PCAT-1&lt;/i&gt;, a prostate cancer outlier lncRNA, which regulates cell response to genotoxic stress. &lt;i&gt;PCAT-1&lt;/i&gt; expression produces a functional deficiency in homologous recombination through its repression of the &lt;i&gt;BRCA2&lt;/i&gt; tumor suppressor, which, in turn, imparts a high sensitivity to small-molecule inhibitors of &lt;i&gt;PARP1&lt;/i&gt;. These effects reflected a posttranscriptional repression of the &lt;i&gt;BRCA2&lt;/i&gt; 3′UTR by &lt;i&gt;PCAT-1&lt;/i&gt;. Our observations thus offer a novel mechanism of “BRCAness” in sporadic cancers. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 74(6); 1651–60. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Contemporary treatments in prostate cancer focal therapy (2019)

Prostate cancer focal therapy is an attractive option for well-selected patients because of its low complication profile; however, long-term oncologic outcome is still lacking and early recurrence rates are high, limiting the ability of most urologic associations from endorsing its routine use.
The SLC6A14 gene shows evidence of association with obesity (2003)

In our previous genome-wide scan of Finnish nuclear families, obesity was linked to chromosome Xq24. Here we analyzed this 15-Mb region by genotyping 9 microsatellite markers and 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 11 positional and functional candidate genes in an extended sample of 218 obese Finnish sibling pairs (sibpairs) (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Evidence of linkage emerged mainly from the obese male sibpairs, suggesting a gender-specific effect for the underlying gene. By constructing haplotypes among the obese male sibpairs, we restricted the region from 15 Mb to 4 Mb, between markers DXS8088 and DXS8067. Regional functional candidate genes were tested for association in an initial sample of 117 cases and 182 controls. Significant evidence was observed for association for an SNP in the 3'-untranslated region of the solute carrier family 6 member 14 (SLC6A14) gene (P = 0.0002) and for SNP haplotypes of the SLC6A14 gene (P = 0.0007-0.006). Furthermore, an independent replication study sample of 837 cases and 968 controls from Finland and Sweden also showed significant differences in allele frequencies between obese and non-obese individuals (P = 0.003). The SLC6A14 gene is an interesting novel candidate for obesity because it encodes an amino acid transporter, which potentially regulates tryptophan availability for serotonin synthesis and thus possibly affects appetite control.
Internet Exchange BGP Route Server (2016)

This document outlines a specification for multilateral interconnections at Internet Exchange Points (IXPs). Multilateral interconnection is a method of exchanging routing information among three or more External BGP (EBGP) speakers using a single intermediate broker system, referred to as a route server. Route servers are typically used on shared access media networks, such as IXPs, to facilitate simplified interconnection among multiple Internet routers.
Mutations in the Effector Binding Loops in the C2A and C2B Domains of Synaptotagmin I Disrupt Exocytosis in a Nonadditive Manner (2003)

The secretory vesicle protein synaptotagmin I (syt) plays a critical role in Ca2+-triggered exocytosis. Its cytoplasmic domain is composed of tandem C2 domains, C2A and C2B; each C2 domain binds Ca2+. Upon binding Ca2+, positively charged residues within the Ca2+-binding loops are thought to interact with negatively charged phospholipids in the target membrane to mediate docking of the cytoplasmic domain of syt onto lipid bilayers. The C2 domains of syt also interact with syntaxin and SNAP-25, two components of a conserved membrane fusion complex. Here, we have neutralized single positively charged residues at the membrane-binding interface of C2A (R233Q) and C2B (K366Q). Either of these mutations shifted the Ca2+ requirements for syt-liposome interactions from approximately 20 to approximately 40 microm Ca2+. Kinetic analysis revealed that the reduction in Ca2+-sensing activity was associated with a decrease in affinity for membranes. These mutations did not affect sytsyntaxin interactions but resulted in an approximately 50% loss in SNAP-25 binding activity, suggesting that these residues lie at an interface between membranes and SNAP-25. Expression of full-length versions of syt that harbored these mutations reduced the rate of exocytosis in PC12 cells. In both biochemical and functional assays, effects of the R233Q and K366Q mutations were not additive, indicating that mutations in one domain affect the activity of the adjacent domain. These findings indicate that the tandem C2 domains of syt cooperate with one another to trigger release via loop-mediated electrostatic interactions with effector molecules.
Descaling Behavior of Type430 Hot-Rolled Stainless Steel Coil (1997)

Iron oxides can be reduced in a scale by batch annealing treatment in a reducing atmosphere of 7 vol% H 2 +93 vol% N 2 at 1123 K for hot-rolled coils of type430 stainless steel. The heating processes cause cracks, a Cr 2 O 3 layer in the scale and a Cr depleted layer on the substrate. It is possible to produce a large number of cracks in the scale by employing a scale breaker. The ease of descaling is positively related to the amount of bending elongation. Similarly with shot blasting, descaling becomes easier as the projection energy of the shot blasting increases. The pickling solution penetrates the scale through cracks on the surface of the strip, and its acid dissolves the stainless steel coil and part of the scale. The scale peels from the stainless steel coil in island-like exfoliation until the scale has been removed from the entire surface of the stainless steel coil.