gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Overall Survival in Malignant Glioma Is Significantly Prolonged by Neurosurgical Delivery of Etoposide and Temozolomide from a Thermo-Responsive Biodegradable Paste (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;High-grade glioma (HGG) treatment is limited by the inability of otherwise potentially efficacious drugs to penetrate the blood–brain barrier. We evaluate the unique intracavity delivery mode and translational potential of a blend of poly(&lt;i&gt;DL&lt;/i&gt;-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid; PLGA) and poly(ethylene glycol; PEG) paste combining temozolomide and etoposide to treat surgically resected HGG.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;To prolong stability of temozolomide prodrug, combined &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; drug release was quantitatively assessed from low pH–based PLGA/PEG using advanced analytic methods. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; cytotoxicity was measured against a panel of HGG cell lines and patient-derived cultures using metabolic assays. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; safety and efficacy was evaluated using orthotopic 9L gliosarcoma allografts, previously utilized preclinically to develop Gliadel.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Combined etoposide and temozolomide &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; release (22 and 7 days, respectively) was achieved from a lactic acid–based PLGA/PEG paste, used to enhance stability of temozolomide prodrug. HGG cells from central-enhanced regions were more sensitive to each compound relative to primary lines derived from the HGG-invasive margin. Both drugs retained cytotoxic capability upon release from PLGA/PEG. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies revealed a significant overall survival benefit in postsurgery 9L orthotopic gliosarcomas, treated with intracavity delivered PLGA/PEG/temozolomide/etoposide and enhanced with adjuvant radiotherapy. Long-term survivorship was observed in over half the animals with histologic confirmation of disease-free brain.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The significant survival benefit of intracavity chemotherapy demonstrates clinical applicability of PLGA/PEG paste-mediated delivery of temozolomide and etoposide adjuvant to radiotherapy. PLGA/PEG paste offers a future platform for combination delivery of molecular targeted compounds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Measuring the Inhibition of Adhesion of Lectins to the Surface of Erythrocytes with Optically Controlled Collisions between Microspheres and Erythrocytes (2002)

This paper describes the use of the OPTCOL (optically controlled collision) assay, an assay that uses optical tweezers to cause two biologically relevant particles to collide, to measure the potency of inhibitors that block the adhesion of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to the surface of erythrocytes. WGA was attached covalently to polystyrene microspheres (3 μm in diameter). Optical tweezers were used to cause an erythrocyte and a WGA-coated microsphere to collide in buffer at a controlled velocity. In the absence of inhibitor, or at low concentrations of soluble inhibitor, the microsphere adhered to the cell through polyvalent, biospecific interactions between WGA and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) groups present on the surface of erythrocyte. At high concentrations of soluble inhibitors, adhesion was inhibited. The potency of inhibition was quantified by measuring the probability of adhesion as a function of the concentration of the inhibitor. The inhibition constants derived from measurements using OPTCOL agreed well with those obtained in hemagglutination inhibition assays, and they were also close to the dissociation constants measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. The experimental data suggest that the binding of WGA to erythrocyte is cooperative, but that the binding of WGA to soluble ligand is not. The ability to examine dynamic adhesion in a highly controlled fashion makes OPTCOL a useful bioassay with which to study inhibition of protein-cell adhesion under biologically relevant conditions.
Pituitary Incidentaloma: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2011)

We recommend that patients with a pituitary incidentaloma undergo a complete history and physical examination, laboratory evaluations screening for hormone hypersecretion and for hypopituitarism, and a visual field examination if the lesion abuts the optic nerves or chiasm. We recommend that patients with incidentalomas not meeting criteria for surgical removal be followed with clinical assessments, neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months for macroincidentalomas, 1 yr for a microincidentaloma, and thereafter progressively less frequently if unchanged in size), visual field examinations for incidentalomas that abut or compress the optic nerve and chiasm (6 months and yearly), and endocrine testing for macroincidentalomas (6 months and yearly) after the initial evaluations. We recommend that patients with a pituitary incidentaloma be referred for surgery if they have a visual field deficit; signs of compression by the tumor leading to other visual abnormalities, such as ophthalmoplegia, or neurological compromise due to compression by the lesion; a lesion abutting the optic nerves or chiasm; pituitary apoplexy with visual disturbance; or if the incidentaloma is a hypersecreting tumor other than a prolactinoma.
Estimating Data Stream Quality for Object-Detection Applications (2005)

Object-detection applications rely on streams of data gathered from sensors, RFID readers, and image recognition systems, among others. These raw data streams tend to be noisy, including both false positives (erroneous readings) and false negatives (missed readings). Techniques exist for general-purpose cleaning of these types of data streams, based on temporal and/or spatial correlations, as well as properties of the physical world. Cleaning is effective at improving the quality of the data, however no cleaning procedures can eliminate all errors. In this paper we identify and address the problem of quality estimation as object-detection data streams are cleaned. We provide techniques for estimating both confidence and coverage s streams are processed by cleaning modules. Detailed experimental results based on an RFID application demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our approach
Cystic Fibrosis Airway Cells Are Less Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Have Altered pH Regulatory Protein Expression (2021)

Introduction: In the airways of people with Cystic Fibrosis, reduction in HCO3- secondary to loss of CFTR protein function contributes to low extracellular pH and impaired mucus clearance making them more susceptible to infection.1 It may also contribute to the higher intracellular pH seen in CF primary human airway epithelial cells (HAECs). Respiratory viruses are a leading cause of pulmonary exacerbations in people with CF. While it was expected that SARS-CoV-2 would lead to severe infection in this population, only 500 confirmed cases have been identified with most being categorized as mild. We have recently shown that increasing intracellular pH with a novel inhaled alkaline treatment, Optate, inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in normal HAECs. We hypothesize that the baseline increased intracellular pH in the airways of people with CF is protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We further hypothesized that pH regulatory proteins may contribute to this increased intracellular pH in CF beyond decreased secretion of bicarbonate. Methods: CF and non-CF primary HAECs were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infection of 1. SARS-CoV-2 viral titers in cell media were subsequently quantified by plaque assay. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were evaluated by visual microscopy. Results were compared between CF and non-CF HAECs. Levels of pH regulatory proteins NHERF1, LDHd, LDHb, LDHa, glutaminase, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), DUOX1, CCNO, carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), carbonic anhydrase 12 (CA12), and ATP12a S-were measured in cell lysates from the same CF and non-CF HAECs by JESS automated western blot (ProteinSimple, San Jose, CA, USA). Finally, pH was compared between the CF and non-CF HAECs using a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye, pHrodo Red (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham MA, USA) imaged during fluorescent microscopy. Results: Intracellular pH of CF HAECs was significantly higher than non-CF HAECs (n = 6, p < 0.001). CF HAECs had significantly less SARS-CoV-2 viral titers than non-CF HAECs (n = 6, p = 0.0192). No difference in CPE was observed between groups. CA2 and CA12 protein levels were significantly increased in CF HAECs compared to non-CF HAECs (n = 6, p = 0.0094 and 0.0113, respectively). Conclusions: CF HAECs are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 viral infection that non-CF HAECs. This may be due to the increased intracellular pH in CF HAECs compared to non-CF HAECs. Since carbonic anhydrases produce bicarbonate ions, CA2 and CA12 upregulation may contribute to increased intracellular pH in CF along with decreased bicarbonate extrusion due to CFTR function loss.
Automatic spike sorting for neural decoding (2005)

While various automated spike sorting techniques have been developed, their impact on neural decoding has not been investigated. In this paper we extend previous Gaussian mixture models and expectation maximization (EM) techniques for automatic spike sorting. We suggest that good initialization of EM is critical and can be achieved via spectral clustering. To account for noise we extend the mixture model to include a uniform outlier process. Automatically determining the number of neurons recorded per electrode is a challenging problem which we solve using a greedy optimization algorithm that selects models with different numbers of neurons according to their decoding accuracy. We focus on data recorded from motor cortex and evaluate performance with respect to the decoding of hand kinematics from firing rates. We found that spike trains obtained by our automated technique result in more accurate neural decoding than those obtained by human experts.
Supersingular curves with small noninteger endomorphisms (2020)

We introduce a special class of supersingular curves over p 2 , characterized by the existence of noninteger endomorphisms of small degree. We prove a number of properties about this set. Most notably, we can partition this set into subsets such that curves within each subset have small-degree isogenies between them, but curves in distinct subsets have no small-degree isogenies between them. Despite this, we show that isogenies between distinct subsets can heuristically be computed efficiently, giving a technique for computing isogenies between certain prescribed curves that cannot be efficiently found by searching on -isogeny graphs.
Does bone penetration of cement differ by cement type and application time-point? (2022)

Intrusion of cement into bone is often considered an indirect indicator for implant stability in cemented joint replacement procedures. However, the influence of cement type (different viscosities/manufacturers) and application time-point on penetration of cements continues to be debated. This study aimed to quantify the effect of cement type and application time-point on the depth of penetration using porcine tibial specimens. Four different bone cements were applied to 60 resected porcine cadaveric tibias at three time-points within the working window (1, 2, and 3 min after dough time). Penetration was measured using computed tomography, utilizing two rigorous methods from the literature and a newly proposed volumetric method. Application time-point had a strong influence on the thickness of the cement layer above the resected tibia (0.25, 0.49, 0.73 mm at the three time-points). No significant variation in penetration depth metrics with cement type or application time-point was found, except percentage area covered by cement at 2 mm depth. This metric was significantly different between 1 and 3-minute time-points (12% and 6% respectively). Time-point of application had a significant influence on thickness of pure cement layer over resected bone. However, penetration depth was not significantly affected by cement type or application time-point. The clinical significance of these findings is that it may be better to apply cement relatively soon after dough time to avoid excessively thick cement mantle between implant and bone. Further, the choice of cement type may have minimal impact on cement penetration, indicating that long standing principles of good cement application maybe more important.
Sub-50 nm feature sizes using positive tone molecular glass resists for EUV lithography (2006)

Extreme ultra violet (EUV) lithography is one of the most promising next generation lithographic techniques for the production of sub-50 nm feature sizes with applications in the semiconductor industry. Coupling this technique with molecular glass resists is an effective strategy for high resolution lithographic patterning. In this study, a series of tert-butyloxycarbonyl (t-Boc) protected C-4-hydroxyphenyl-calix[4]resorcinarenes derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as positive tone molecular glass resists for EUV lithography. The amorphous nature of these molecules was confirmed using thermal analysis, FTIR and powder X-ray diffraction. Feature sizes as small as 30 nm with low line edge roughness (4.5 nm, 3σ) were obtained after patterning and development.
Supplementary Table 1 from Methylation of <i>TFPI2</i> in Stool DNA: A Potential Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Methylation of &lt;i&gt;TFPI2&lt;/i&gt; in Stool DNA: A Potential Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Photoacoustic imaging reveals mechanisms of rapid-acting insulin formulations dynamics at the injection site (2022)

This study provides insights into injection site dynamics of insulin lispro and the impact of formulation excipients. It also demonstrates photoacoustic microscopy as a promising tool for studying protein therapeutics. The results from this study address critical questions around the subcutaneous behavior of insulin lispro and the formulation excipients, which could be useful to make faster and better controlled insulin formulations in the future.
Diuretics: 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiuretics: 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxidesFREDERICK C. NOVELLO, STANLEY C. BELL, ESTHER L. A. ABRAMS, CARL ZIEGLER, and JAMES M. SPRAGUECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 6, 970–981Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01076a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01076a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views419Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue kallikrein-binding protein is a serpin. I. Purification, characterization, and distribution in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1990)

Kallikrein-binding protein was purified to apparent homogeneity from rat serum by Affi-Gel Blue, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Sephacryl S-200 chromatography, and preparative gel electrophoresis or high performance liquid chromatography. The purified protein migrates as a single band of 60 kDa in a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel under reducing conditions. It is an acidic protein with isoelectric points ranging from 4.2 to 4.6. The amino terminus of the binding protein is an Asp residue as determined by sequence analysis. It forms a 92-kDa sodium dodecyl sulfatestable complex with kallikrein with a t1/2 of 18 min. Western blot and radioimmunoassay showed a distribution of the kallikrein-binding protein in serum, urine, and various tissues with a 5-10-fold lower amount in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). A full length cDNA clone encoding the kallikrein-binding protein was isolated from a rat liver cDNA library by immunoscreening and the translated amino acid sequence matches the amino-terminal 29-amino acid sequence of the binding protein. The cDNA sequence shares 68.8% identity with human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and is identical to that of a rat hepatic protein. Dot blot analysis shows that kallikrein-binding protein is expressed at high levels in the liver and at low levels in the lung, salivary gland, and kidney. Its mRNA level in the liver decreases by 2-fold after acute phase inflammation and is higher in male than in female rats. Genomic Southern blot analyses reveal restriction fragment length polymorphisms between SHR and WKY rats in the binding protein locus. The results indicate that rat kallikrein-binding protein belongs to the serpin superfamily and its level is significantly reduced in the spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Selective Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Grignard Reagents with Enol Triflates, Acid Chlorides, and Dichloroarenes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Emerging therapeutic targets in allergy: IL-4Rα and Stat6 (1999)

It has been shown that interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. As IL-4 receptor α chain (IL-4Rα) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) are essential molecules for signal transduction by IL-4 and IL-13, it has been reasoned that these molecules are good targets for allergic diseases. Soluble IL-4Rα, mutated IL-4 (IL-4 mutein), IL-4δ2, anti-IL-4Rα antibody and ligand-toxin are listed as reagents to block the binding of IL-4 and/or IL-13 to its receptor, whereas Jak-binding protein (JAB)/Stat-induced Stat inhibitor (SSI)/Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) and protein inhibitor of activated Stat (PIAS) have the potential to block Stat6 activation. Many low molecular weight compounds for that purpose are currently under study. Investigation and development of these reagents will be beneficial for the treatment of allergic patients in the near future. As allergic diseases are heterogeneous disorders in point of their aetiology and pathological features, combining information about them with a more precise understanding of drug targets will lead to more effective treatments.
Use case characterization, KPIs and preferred suitable frequency ranges for future 5G systems between 6 GHz and 100 GHz (2015)

In this deliverable use cases and KPIs of interest for mmMAGIC are characterized. Eight usecases suitable for 5G systems operating in the range 6-100GHz are identified in terms ofrequirements. In particular, the following use cases are analyzed: Media on demand; Cloudservices; Dense urban society with distributed crowds; Smart offices; Immersive 5G earlyexperience in targeting hot spots; 50+Mbps everywhere; Moving hot spots; Tactileinternet/video augmented robotic control and remote-robot manipulation surgery. For each ofthe use cases, the more critical KPIs are identified and the gap from the current technologyis also described.An analysis of frequency ranges for future 5G systems between 6 GHz and 100 GHz is reported. A frequency assessment study is conducted in order to compare the frequency ranges for the suitability of delivering key KPIs.
Determining the Remaining Tendon Force of a Large- Scale, 38-Year-Old Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girde (2006)

A reliable method to determine the remaining prestressing force is often needed in routine inspection of bridges, during rehabilitation of structures, or when retrofitting for increased vehicle capacity. This article reports on a study that was undertaken to determine the remaining tendon force of a large-scale (17 meters long), 38-year-old prestressed concrete bridge girder. The authors used a semi-destructive test method and compare measurements of the prestressing force losses determined by their method with calculations methods based on fib guidelines and Swiss code. They found that calculated and measured prestressing force losses were generally in good agreement. A long-term prestressing force loss of about 20% was determined. The authors conclude that their material tests on the prestressing steel showed that 38 years of constant stress had no discernable effect on its tensile strength. This article reports on the first part of an extensive test program that will be carried out on five similar test beams.
Full-color interactive holographic projection system for large 3D scene reconstruction (2008)

Dependence on sub-micron pixel pitch and super-computing have prohibited practical solutions for large size holographic displays until recently. SeeReal Technologies has developed a new approach to holographic displays significantly reducing these requirements. This concept is applicable to large "direct view" holographic displays as well as to projection designs. Principles, advantages and selected solutions for holographic projection systems will be explained. Based on results from practical prototypes, advantageous new features, as large size full-color real-time holographic 3D scenes generated at high frame rates on micro displays with state of the art resolution will be presented.
Tailoring Reaction Selectivity by Modulating a Catalytic Diad on a Foldamer Scaffold (2022)

Use of a tunable molecular scaffold to align a reactive diad for bifunctional catalysis can reveal relationships between functional group identity and reactivity that might otherwise be impossible to identify. Here we use an α/β-peptide helix to show that an aligned pair of primary amine groups is uniquely competent to catalyze crossed aldol condensations with an aryl aldehyde as the electrophile. Geometrically similar diads in which one amine group is secondary, or both are secondary, are good catalysts for other types of aldol condensations but not those involving an aryl aldehyde. Catalytic efficacy requires β-amino acid residues that are preorganized for helix formation via cyclic constraint. Conventional peptides (exclusively α-amino acid residues) that display the primary amine diad are poor catalysts, which highlights the critical role of the foldamer scaffold.
High Level of Genetic Compatibility between Swine-Origin H1N1 and Highly Pathogenic Avian H5N1 Influenza Viruses (2010)

Reassortment is an important mechanism for the evolution of influenza viruses. Here, we coinfected cultured cells with the pandemic swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) and a contemporary H5N1 virus and found that these two viruses have high genetic compatibility. Studies of human lung cell lines indicated that some reassortants had better growth kinetics than their parental viruses. We conclude that reassortment between these two viruses can occur and could create pandemic H5N1 viruses.