gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Particle Tracking and Multispectral Collocation Method for Particle-to-Particle Binding Assays (2013)

We present a simple-to-implement method for analyzing images of randomly distributed particles transported through a fluidic channel. We term this method particle imaging, tracking and collocation (PITC). Our method uses off-the-shelf optics including a CCD camera, epifluorescence microscope, and a dual-view color separator to image freely suspended particles in a wide variety of microchannels (with optical access for image collection). The particles can be transported via electrophoresis and/or pressure driven flow to increase throughput of analysis. We here describe the implementation of the algorithm and demonstrate and validate three of its capabilities: (1) identification of particle coordinates, (2) tracking of particle motion, and (3) monitoring of particle interaction via collocation analysis. We use Monte Carlo simulations for validation and optimization of the input parameters. We also present an experimental demonstration of the analysis on challenging image data, including a flow of two, interacting Brownian particle populations. In the latter example, we use PITC to detect the presence of target DNA by monitoring the hybridization-induced binding between the two populations of beads, each functionalized with DNA probes complementary to the target molecule.
Tiny Videos: Non-parametric Content-Based Video Retrieval and Recognition (2008)

This work extends the tiny images techniques developed by Torralba et al. to videos. A dataset of 6,612 videos was collected from YouTube in the Sports and News sections. We present a method for compressing the temporal dimension nonuniformly using affinity propagation. We show that nonuniform sampling using affinity propagation outperforms temporal sampling at uniform intervals, because it covers a greater range of visual appearances in the video for the same number of samples. We examine two main applications for the tiny video dataset: duplicate video detection and related video retrieval. We also show that the scope of text-based searches on YouTube can be significantly increased by incorporating visual similarity.
41 PRODUCTION OF CLONED MINIATURE PIGS USING BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (2008)

The cloning of miniature pigs (Mini-pig) are considered to advance in genetic engineering technology and xenotransplantation. A few researches have recently been reported successfully produce cloned Mini-pigs using somatic cells, however its efficiency is still low. The present study was aimed to successfully produce cloned Mini-pigs derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by NT, and compared the developmental ability of cloned Mini-pigs between fetal fibroblast (FF) and differentiated MSCs. For the production of the cloned Mini-pig derived from MSCs, MSCs were isolated from a 1 month old of female Mini-pigs (T-type, PWG Micro-pig®, PWG Genetics Korea, Ltd.). MSCs were differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes under controlled conditions and characterized by cell surface antigen profile using specific markers. These differentiated or undifferentiated MSCs, FFs of Mini-pig were transferred into enucleated oocytes of domestic pigs, and 2-cell stage of 100 NT embryos were surgical transferred to the synchronized recipients. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, t-test, Duncan’s and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test by SPSS (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The developmental potential of NT embryos derived from MSCs (differentiated and undifferentiated), the rates of blastocyst formation was significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher than NT embryos derived from FFs, however the NT embryos derived from three different types of differentiated MSCs were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) lower than undifferentiated MSCs. In addition, total cell numbers in NT blastocysts derived from MSCs were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher than NT blastocysts derived from FFs, but it did not significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) differ between differentiated or undifferentiated MSCs. NT embryos derived from MSCs were transferred to 5 domestic pig recipients, and 5 cloned Mini-pigs were obtained from 2 recipients (one stillbirth and 4 viable offspring). All of them were confirmed by the microsatellite analysis (8 markers) of the genomes of cloned offspring, donor MSCs and recipients. Physical and histological studies are in the process for the characterization of a cloned Mini-pig derived from MSCs as animal model. The results demonstrated that, in vitro developmental ability of NT embryos derived from undifferentiated MSCs were a higher than those from differentiated MSCs or FFs. Moreover, multipotent MSC might have a potential for the production of viable cloned Mini-pigs. Therefore, MSCs as a nuclear donor might a key to improving the production of cloned Mini-pig as animal model for xenotransplantation. This work was supported by Grant No. 20070301034040 from Bio-organ, Republic of Korea.
System and method for liquid silicon containment (2023)

This invention relates to a system and a method for liquid silicon containment, such as during the casting of high purity silicon used in solar cells or solar modules. The containment apparatus includes a shielding ember adapted to prevent breaching molten silicon from contacting structural elements or cooling elements of a casting device, and a volume adapted to hold a quantity of breaching molten silicon with the volume formed by a bottom and one or more sides.
Targeting heme-oxidized soluble guanylate cyclase with BAY 58-2667 in experimental heart failure (2007)

Background Signaling via the nitric oxide (NO) – soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) – cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway is frequently impaired in cardiovascular disease states providing a rationale for enhancing it pharmacologically. Nitrovasodilators have been used for more than a century to induce vasodilation via the sGC-cGMP pathway; however, the development of tolerance and potentially adverse cGMP-independent actions of nitrovasodilators such as promoting oxidative stress and protein modification are functionally important limitations. BAY 58–2667 is a novel, NO-independent sGC activator which is not associated with the development of tolerance and which preferentially activates oxidized or heme-free sGC, which both are insensitive to endogenous NO and nitrovasodilators [1,2]. In this study we sought to define the cardiorenal actions of BAY 58–2667 as compared to nitroglycerin (NTG) in experimental heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that BAY 58–2667 would potently unload the heart and preserve renal function in a canine model of HF in a manner similar to NTG.
Simplified trajectory method for modeling gas–surface scattering: The NO/Pt(111) system (1989)

A model is presented to describe the dynamical processes of trapping/desorption as well as direct and indirect inelastic scattering on single-crystal surfaces. Newton’s equations of motion are integrated for a system consisting of a rigid rotor interacting with a slab of 19 surface atoms. The surface atom which is closest to the center of mass of the molecule is permitted to translate only along the surface normal. In turn, this mobile surface atom is harmonically coupled to a microcanonical heat bath consisting of three subsurface atoms. This method is much less computationally intensive than the typical generalized Langevin equation (GLE) approach. Direct comparison is made between the predictions of this model and experiment for the NO/Pt(111) system. In the case of trapping/desorption, the model accurately describes the observed dependence of rotational alignment on rotational quantum number. For the inelastic scattering regime, the model successfully reproduces the degree of rotational excitation and qualitatively accounts for the observed rotational alignment. In addition, the model predicts correlations between final state velocity and final state rotational angular momentum (both direction and magnitude), as well as the effect of molecular orientation and surface impact parameter on the overall trapping probability.
Analysis of corroded elbow section of carbon steel piping system of an oil–gas separator vessel (2012)

► A pinhole in elbow section of oil piping system is formed by localized corrosion. ► Corrosion is found to result from sequential chlorination and sulfidation reactions. ► Chlorination results from hydrolysis of calcium chloride in the crude oil. ► Sulfidation results from hydrogen sulfide in the crude oil.
Vapor-Phase Strategy to Pillaring of Two-Dimensional Zeolite (2019)

Two-dimensional (2D) layered zeolites are new forms of 3D zeolite frameworks. They can be pillared to form more open porous structures with increased access for reactants that are too big for the micropores of zeolites. The current pillaring procedure, however, requires intercalation of pillaring precursors by dispersing 2D zeolite in an alkoxide liquid and hydrolizing entrapped alkoxide to form inorganic oxide pillars in an aqueous alkaline solution. Both steps use excess solvents, generate significant waste, and require multiple synthesis and separation steps. Here we report a vapor-phase pillarization (VPP) process to produce pillared zeolites from 2D layered zeolite structures. The VPP process has ∼100% efficiency of alkoxide usage in the intercalation step, requires less (and, in some cases, zero) water addition in the hydrolysis step, does not require separation for product recovery, and generates no liquid waste. Furthermore, synthesis of pillared zeolites via the VPP process can be accomplished within a single apparatus with one-time operation. The pillared zeolite prepared by the VPP method preserved the zeolitic layered structure as well as acidity and showed enhancement in catalytic alkylation of mesitylene with benzyl alcohol compared to 2D layered zeolite without pillarization treatment.
Preparation of translucent barium titanate ceramics from sol–gel-derived transparent monolithic gels (2000)

Translucent barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramics with a relative sintered density of 85% have been successfully produced via a powderless sol–gel method, in which transparent, partially-crystallized BaTiO3 monolithic xerogels (dried gels) were prepared and submitted to sintering at 1100 °C in an oxygen atmosphere. The transparent BaTiO3 xerogels turned opaque upon sintering at temperatures in the range 600 to 1000 °C, but sintering at 1100 °C resulted in the formation of translucent bodies. Pore size distribution measurements demonstrate that most pores present in the translucent materials are open pores with a diameter of <10 nm.
Tunable Filter Technologies for 5G Communications (2018)

This paper presents an overview of available technologies for manufacturing three-dimensional front-end tunable filters for 5G systems. Specifically, we discuss three main technologies: a) RF MEMS, b) Printed Circuit Board (PCB), and c) injection molding. The advantages and drawbacks of each technology are discussed along with relevant proof-of-concept demonstrations. Future directions and improvements are also presented.
Dynamics in an oil-continuous droplet microemulsion as seen by quasielastic scattering techniques (2000)

This contribution presents the direct determination of the bending elasticity of the surfactant film in an oil-continuous microemulsion by means of neutron spin-echo spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The investigated system is C10E4/water dispersed in n-octane. The values obtained for the bending elastic constants are compared to results from indirect determinations based on the spinning drop method. While good agreement is found for κ, the values computed for differ slightly when the calculation is based on polydispersities obtained from small angle neutron scattering experiments. Better agreement is reached using the polydispersities calculated from dynamic light scattering data. Furthermore, problems which seem to be specific for oil-continuous systems are addressed.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene transcription (1988)

The authors have studied in vitro transcription of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor proto-oncogene using nuclear extracts of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells, which overproduce the EGF receptor. With the in vitro system we found that Sp1 and other trans-acting factors bound to the EGF receptor promoter regions and are required for maximal expression. Fractionation showed that a DEAE-Sepharose fraction (BA) contained a novel factor, which specifically stimulated EGF receptor transcription 5- to 10-fold. The molecular mass of the native form of the factor is about 270-kDa based on its migration on Sephacryl S-300. This factor may activate transcription of the proto-oncogene through a weak or indirect interaction with the DNA template.
FMR3 is a novel gene associated withFRAXE CpG island and transcriptionally silent in FRAXE full mutations (2000)

We have identified a novel gene, FMR3, originating from the FRAXE CpG island. The FMR3 gene is transcribed from the opposite strand to the FMR2 gene. Analogous to the silencing of the FMR1 and FMR2 genes, FMR3 transcription is extinguished by FRAXE full mutation. Although the role of FMR3 in FRAXE associated mild to borderline mental retardation is not yet clear, lack of expression of FMR3 in FRAXE full mutation males means that the FMR3 gene is potentially involved.
Erratum: Uniform magnetization transfer in chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (2013)

The development of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has led to the establishment of new contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance imaging, which serve as enablers for advanced molecular imaging strategies. Macromolecules in tissues and organs often give rise to broad and asymmetric exchange effects, called magnetization transfer (MT) effects, which can mask the CEST contrast of interest. We show here that the saturation of these macromolecular pools simultaneously at two distinct frequencies can level out the asymmetric MT effects, thus allowing one to isolate the CEST effects in vivo. For the first time, clean CEST contrast for glycosaminoglycans (gagCEST) in cartilage in the human knee joint is presented. In addition, the method allows one to clearly demarcate glycosaminoglycan measurements from cartilage and synovial fluid regions. This uniform-MT CEST methodology has wide applicability in in vivo molecular imaging (such as brain, skeletal muscle, etc).
Recessed-gate GaN MESFET using ICP-RIE for high temperature microwave applications (2002)

In this paper, for the first time, we present the DC and RF performances of recessed-gate GaN MESFETs fabricated using ICP-RIE. This recessed gate process has enabled GaN MESFETs to achieve the highest frequency results compared to those previously reported. The MESFET layer used in the study was grown on a sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The epilayer consisted of a 2 /spl mu/m semi-insulating GaN buffer, a 200 nm lightly-doped (/spl sim/2/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/) channel, and a 40 nm heavily-doped (>5/spl times/10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/) GaN cap layer. Mesa isolation was achieved using ICP-RIE in a Cl/sub 2/-Ar plasma. The source and drain ohmic contacts were formed using alloyed Ti/Al/Ti/Au metallization. PECVD-deposited Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ was used as an etch mask for the gate-recess etch. Then, electron beam lithography was used to pattern 1 /spl mu/m recess windows centered between the source and drain in the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ mask. Gate recessing was performed using ICP-RIE in a Cl/sub 2/-Ar plasma at 5 mT and -50 V bias. The drain current was monitored during recessing. The drain current decreased significantly at the beginning and saturated when the cap layer was completely removed. After recess, the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ was removed. The sample was then rapid-thermally-annealed to eliminate etch-induced defects. Finally, a mushroom-shaped 0.25 /spl mu/m Ni-Au Schottky gate was fabricated by electron beam lithography. The device width was 100 /spl mu/m while the source-drain spacing was 3 /spl mu/m.
Connection Admission versus Load Balancing (2010)

We present an analytical framework for modeling a priority-based load balancing scheme in cellular networks. The model differs in many respects from previous work on load balancing, in particular by incorporating the call admission process, through random access; allowing differentiation of users based on their priorities; and by incorporating the received signal properties. The analysis illustrates that, for example, ignoring channel quality has a non- negligible impact on the performance of load balancing. Moreover, the system model allows for the scenario-based determination of whether blocking probability or collision probability (during call admission) is the more dominant factor in the degradation of the performance of UEs affected by load balancing.
Author Correction: Mito-oncology agent: fermented extract suppresses the Warburg effect, restores oxidative mitochondrial activity, and inhibits in vivo tumor growth (2021)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Al-2.64 Line Width (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Molecular Profiling Identifies Prognostic Subgroups of Pediatric Glioblastoma and Shows Increased YB-1 Expression in Tumors (2007)

Our work, the first study of gene expression profiles in pGBM, provides valuable insight into active pathways and targets in a cancer with minimal survival, and suggests that these tumors cannot be understood exclusively through studies of aGBM.
Long-term brain changes in bipolar disorder (2022)

Introduction The term “neuroprogression” imply that bipolar disorder (BD) progressively worsens for some patients and accompanying neuroanatomical changes. BD has indeed been associated with cortical and subcortical brain abnormalities. But cross-sectional studies cannot determine whether the observed brain alterations reflect static premorbid traits or whether they result from progressive changes during the course of illness. Objectives The aims of this series of studies were to determine if progressive brain changes occur in bipolar disorder, and if so, what the drivers of these changes are. Methods We addressed these questions in the St. Göran cohort – a longitudinal study where patients and controls undergo structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline and after 7 years. We have also conducted a longitudinal multicenter study within the ENIGMA consortium including 307 patients and 925 healthy controls scanned at two time points. Results We addressed these questions in the St. Göran cohort – a longitudinal study where patients and controls undergo structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline and after 7 years. We have also conducted a longitudinal multicenter study within the ENIGMA consortium including 307 patients and 925 healthy controls scanned at two time points. Conclusions BD is associated with some (accelerated ventricular enlargement) but not global progressive brain changes (change in cortical structures do not differ from controls). Occurrence of manic episodes is, however, associated with accelerated cortical thinning over time. These results highlight the importance of preventing the potentially toxic effects of manic episodes and might explain why some patients experience worsening cognitive function. Disclosure ML has received lecture honoraria (unrelated to this topic) from Lundbeck pharmaceuticals.
Tethered SECM endoscopic capsule for the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disease caused by inhaled or ingested food allergies, and characterized by the infiltration of eosinophils in the esophagus. The gold standard for diagnosing EoE is to conduct endoscopy and obtain multiple biopsy specimens from different portions of the esophagus; an exam is considered positive if more than 15 eosinophils per high power field (HPF) in any of the biopsies. This method of diagnosis is problematic because endoscopic biopsy is expensive and poorly tolerated and the esophageal eosinophil burden needs to be monitored frequently during the course of the disease. Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a high-speed confocal microscopy technology that can visualize individual eosinophils in large microscopic images of the human esophagus, equivalent to more than 30,000 HPF. Previously, we have demonstrated that tethered capsule SECM can be conducted in unsedated subjects with diagnosed EoE. However, speckle noise and the relatively low resolution in images obtained with the first capsule prototypes made it challenging to distinguish eosinophils from other cells. In this work, we present a next-generation tethered SECM capsule, which has been modified to significantly improve image quality. First, we substituted the single mode fiber with a dual-clad fiber to reduce speckle noise. A gradient-index multimode fiber was fusion spliced at the tip of the dual-clad fiber to increase the effective numerical aperture of the fiber from 0.09 to 0.15, expanding the beam more rapidly to increase the illumination aperture at the objective. These modifications enabled the new SECM capsule to achieve a lateral resolution of 1.8 µm and an axial resolution of 16.1 µm, which substantially improves the capacity of this probe to visualize cellular features in human tissue. The total size of the SECM capsule remained 6.75 mm in diameter and 31 mm in length. We are now in the process of testing this new SECM capsule in humans. Early results using this new SECM capsule suggest that this technology has the potential to be an effective tool for the diagnosis of EoE.
An Overview of MPEG-4 Audio Version 2 (1999)

this paper, first a brief overview of the MPEG-4 Audio Standard and the audio tools available in Version 1 is given. Then the audio tools added in Version 2 are introduced. These tools are described in more detail and their status in the ongoing standardisation process is discussed. Finally an outlook on future developments is presented and conclusions are drawn.
Verbundmaterialien und kits für ein kristallines chirurgisches implantat sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung (2014)

Verbundmaterialien und kits fur ein kristallines chirurgisches implantat sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
TNU-7:  A Large-Pore Gallosilicate Zeolite Constructed of Strictly Alternating MOR and MAZ Layers (2005)

The structure solution of TNU-7 (Taejon National University number 7), a large-pore gallosilicate zeolite constructed of strictly alternating MOR and MAZ layers, is presented. This “boundary phase” zeolite was synthesized without recourse to organic additives in a crystallization field surrounded by those of the structurally related MAZ and MOR zeolites.