gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GLUTAMINE REQUIREMENT FOR THE INOSINIC ACID TRANSFORMYLASE REACTION (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGLUTAMINE REQUIREMENT FOR THE INOSINIC ACID TRANSFORMYLASE REACTIONN. H. Sloane, W. F. Barg Jr., E. Boggiano, B. Coulomb, and B. L. HutchingsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 17, 4497–4498Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01598a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01598a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-Actuator Panel (MAP) loudspeakers: how to compensate for their mutual reflections? (2004)

cote interne IRCAM: VonZon04a
The characteristics of Cu-drift induced dielectric breakdown under alternating polarity bias temperature stress (2009)

Cu ion migration mechanism was investigated in damascene Cu/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interconnects. Cu backward migration was investigated by AC TDDB test. When AC is applied, the Cu migration cannot be recovered completely because the direction of diffusion flux and drift flux is opposite. Therefore, lifetime of AC TDDB is slightly larger than that of DC TDDB.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of (+)-Alstonisine via a Stereospecific Osmylation Process (2008)

The first enantiospecific total synthesis of (+)-alstonisine has been accomplished from D-tryptophan methyl ester 13 in 12% overall yield (in 17 reaction vessels). A diastereospecific osmylation process has been employed as a key step to convert indole 18 into spirocyclic oxindole 19. Mechanistic studies of the stereoselective osmylation of the 2,3-indole double bond of indole alkaloids has been carried out. Compelling evidence for the intramolecular delivery of OsO4 via N b-complexation was obtained for the osmylation process. The correct structure of (+)-alstonisine (1) was determined by NOE spectroscopic experiments and further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Chapter 3. Approaches to Kill Gram-negative Bacteria by Photosensitized Processes (2011)

Resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to photodynamic inactivation by uncharged porphyrins and illumination led to the search for other approaches for overcoming this problem. In this chapter, a series of approaches used by several research groups to induce photokilling of Gram-negative bacteria are described. One general approach was to use polycationic compounds such as polymyxin nonapeptide, polylysine, or polyethyleneimine to act as a vehicle for bringing the exogenous uncharged photosensitizer through the outer membrane and into a close interaction with the inner membrane. The polycationic compounds can be free or conjugated covalently to the photosensitizer. Another approach taken was to use positively charged photosensitizers such as meso-substitutes, porphyrins, phthalocyanines, or phenothiazines. Photoinactivation of Gram-negative bacteria by their endogenous photosensitizer is described as another type of approach. New approaches include the photoinactivation by encapsulated photosensitizers or by chemiluminescence. Damages to the inner membrane and changes in the ultrastructure upon photoinactivation by the above approaches are described and the mode of the photosensitization action is discussed.
A Thermodynamically Consistent Model for Electric Double Layers in Li All-Solid-State Batteries (2014)

Due to their expected improved safety properties, Li all-solid-state batteries provide an attractive alternative to conventional battery systems. However, as yet their performance is strongly limited, since the relevant transport restrictions in the solid electrolyte are still not sufficiently understood. Of great importance in this context are space charge regions at the boundaries between active particles and the electrolyte, similar to the electric double layers in liquid electrolytes. Gaining knowledge about the behavior of this region and the factors that influence it will be a significant step towards a better understanding of the transport properties of a solid electrolyte. In this work, we propose a new, mathematically rigorous model for a Li solid electrolyte. Whereas literature on the modeling of liquid electrolytes is abundantly available, the situation is very different for solid electrolytes. The number of theoretical treatments on this topic is very limited [1], and existing work does not always treat transport and equilibrium properties consistently. We overcome this problem by carefully developing a thermodynamically fully consistent model on the basis of first principles only, using the method of rational thermodynamics. To this end, the laws of continuum mechanics are supplemented by constitutive equations, which can be derived from a free-energy functional that describes the properties of the system on the macroscopic scale (i.e., beyond ~10 interatomic distances). An important step is to identify the proper free-energy functional for the solid electrolyte. Basing our theory on a functional that describes Li ion hopping on a fixed anion lattice containing defects, we analyze the charge and potential distributions in a solid electrolyte in contact with a metal electrode under the influence of varying electrode potential differences. The resulting differential equations are solved numerically as well as analytically in the limit of small electrode potential differences. References: [1] M. Landstorfer et al, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 , 12817-12825 (2011).
Novel Electroluminescent Polymer Derived from Pyrene-Functionalized Polyaniline (2011)

A solution processable polymer was synthesized, by incorporating pyrene groups into the backbone of the polyaniline chain, and used as an emissive layer in an organic light emitting diode. The polyaniline base was reacted with acid chloride of pyrene butyric acid to form pyrene-functionalized polyaniline chains. The source of pyrene moiety was acid chloride of pyrene butyric acid. The formation of polymer from acid chloride of pyrene butyric acid and polyaniline was confirmed by the FTIR and <TEX>$^1H$</TEX>-NMR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed high glass transition temperature of 210 <TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX>. Due to the presence of pyrene moieties in the backbone, the polyaniline synthesized in the present study is solution processable with light emitting property. The photoluminescence spectrum of the polymer revealed that emission lies in the blue region, with a peak at 475 nm. The light emitting device of this polymer exhibits the turn-on voltage of 15 V.
Models for UWB propagation channels - A tutorial (2005)

We discuss models for ultrawideband propagation channels. In contrast to conventional channels, a UWB channel extends over such a large bandwidth that the propagation conditions for the different frequency components can be markedly different. There is also a much better temporal resolution of multipath components, which leads to a breakdown of the usual assumption of Rayleigh fading. This paper presents an overview of existing models, discusses their strengths and weaknesses, and points out directions for future research in that area.
Non-intrusive microwave system for multiphase flow metering (2018)

Accurate and reliable measurement of oil, gas and water flow rates as they flow along a pipe as a mixture continues to be a challenging problem in the oil and gas industry. Most of the solutions rely on radioactive sources. This paper explores the use of microwave sensors for flow rate measurement. Microstrip Patch sensors in transmission mode and a near field coaxial probe in reflection mode are used to estimate water fraction even in lossy (saline) medium using physics based models with minimal calibration. Reflection measurements from the Patch sensors are used to estimate gas fraction using empirical models which can enable measurement of gas in high loss cases. Gas velocity is measured from cross correlation. A low cost 5-port measuring instrument was built to do reliable reflection and transmission measurements over a wide temperature range. The microwave system was tested in in-house and external flow loops and in the field under varying temperatures and flow conditions and test results are presented in this paper.
Fast fully 3D image reconstruction using planograms (2002)

Presents a method of performing fast and accurate 3D backprojection using only Fourier transform operations based on the geometry of planar detector arrays. This approach, the 'planogram method' is a 3D extension of the 2D-linogram technique of Edholm. By using a special choice of parameters to index a line of response (LOR) for a pair of detectors, rather than the conventional parameters used to index a LOR for a circular tomograph, all the LORs passing through a point in the field of view (FOV) lie on a 2D plane in the 4D data space. Thus backprojection of all the LORs passing through a point in the FOV corresponds to integration of a 2D plane through the 4D 'planogram'. The key step is that the integration along a set of parallel 2D planes through the planogram, that is, backprojection of a plane of points, can be replaced by a central section through the origin of the 4D Fourier transform of the data. In other words, the central section theorem is applied to the data space rather than the image space. The planogram method of 3D backprojection can therefore be performed using only Fourier transform operations.
Optical properties of the Yb-doped vanadates for ultra short pulse application (2006)

We grew high-quality Yb:YVO4, Yb:GdVO4 and Yb:LuVO4 by the floating zone method. Favorable optical properties were measured with these crystals. Maximum absorption coefficient and fluorescence bandwidth of 27cm-1 and 20nm (FWHM) were observed for Yb:LuVO4.
Gas-Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclors) and 36Cl-Labeling of Aroclors 1248 and 1254 (1971)

Abstract The isomer composition of the Aroclor 1200 series was characterized by GLC-MS, using temperature programming and SE-30 support-coated, open-tubular capillary columns. A method is described for the preparation and purification of 36Cl-labeled Aroclors 1248 and 1254. Neutron irradiation of the commercial material was used to prepare the 36Cl-labeled material. Purification of the irradiated product was accomplished by silicic acid column chromatography. Yields of the purified product were between 63 and 99%, with no detectable alteration of the isomer composition; 10% of the 36C1 produced was associated with the unchanged PCB isomers and the remaining radioactivity was contained in polychlorinated terphenyls. The terphenyls were produced by irradiation polymerization, and they were easily separated from the PCB components. Mass spectrometry, utilizing either temperature programmed GLC or direct probe sample introduction, was used to characterize the irradiation products. The radioactive materials are being utilized in experiments to determine uptake and metabolism of PCB by aquatic organisms.
Implicit admission control (2000)

Internet protocols currently use packet-level mechanisms to detect and react to congestion. Although these controls are essential to ensure fair sharing of the available resource between multiple flows, in some cases they are insufficient to ensure overall network stability. We believe that it is also necessary to take account of higher level concepts, such as connections, flows, and sessions when controlling network congestion. This becomes of increasing importance as more real-time traffic is carried on the Internet, since this traffic is less elastic in nature than traditional Web traffic. We argue that, in order to achieve better utility of the network as a whole, higher level congestion controls are required. By way of example, we present a simple connection admission control (CAC) scheme which can significantly improve the overall performance. This paper discusses our motivation for the use of admission control in the Internet, focusing specifically on control for TCP flows. The technique is not TCP specific, and can be applied to any type of flow in a modern IP infrastructure. Simulation results are used to show that it can drastically improve the performance of TCP over bottleneck links. We go on to describe an implementation of our algorithm for a router running the Linux 2.2.9 operating system. We show that by giving routers at bottlenecks the ability to intelligently deny admission to TCP connections, the goodput of existing connections can be significantly increased. Furthermore, the fairness of the resource allocation achieved by TCP is improved.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of Perfluorinated Hetero-Hydrocarbons as Potential Respiratory Media (1996)

It has been extensively reported that liquid-assisted ventilation, using inert perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCs), can reduce interfacial surface tension and allow for improved ventilation at decreased alveolar pressures. PFCs are bioinert, minimally absorbed, and have no deleterious histologic, cellular, or biochemical effects when used as respiratory media. Although several types of PFCs have been characterized, a select few are considered to be compatible with life. Compatibility is often related to the physicochemical profile inherent to the PFC liquids. It is essential that certain physical properties such as respiratory gas solubility, vapor pressure, density, viscosity, and tissue permeability be within a narrow, acceptable range for a PFC to be considered as a possible candidate for respiratory media. The current study sought to characterize the physicochemical profile of commercially available PFCs. This was accomplished by creating a method for accurate, rapid prediction of a host of unknown physical characteristics of PFCs. The physicochemical properties of 16 perfluorinated hetero-hydrocarbons were catalogued from the literature. The input data were categorized into three major groups: empiric properties, geometric indices, and quantum mechanical descriptors, to generate a database. Algorithms were then developed, one for each dependent variable (FUNCTION), including oxygen solubility, partition coefficient (logP), vapor pressure, viscosity, and density, that related the values of these physical properties of potential breathable PFC liquids to the parameters listed in the database. The general form of the algorithm can be written as follows: FUNCTION = sigma (CiPi/magnitude of Pi) + constant; where the FUNCTIONS are oxygen solubility, logP, vapor pressure, viscosity, and density. Ci is a coefficient that weights the relative contribution of each parameter. Each independent parameter, Pi, was normalized by the average value of the parameter used in the analysis, magnitude of Pi. Residual analysis demonstrated validity with all five equations. This method is expected to assist in the prediction of physical properties of PFC liquids with acceptable accuracy, such that PFC production and selection from currently available liquids can be optimized for each liquid ventilation application.
Transferrin-Appended Nanocaplet for Transcellular siRNA Delivery into Deep Tissues (2019)

Transferrin (Tf) is known to induce transcytosis, which is a consecutive endocytosis/exocytosis event. We developed a Tf-appended nanocaplet (<sup>Tf</sup>NC⊃siRNA) for the purpose of realizing siRNA delivery into deep tissues and RNA interference (RNAi) subsequently. For obtaining <sup>Tf</sup>NC⊃siRNA, a macromonomer (<sup>Az</sup>Gu) bearing multiple guanidinium (Gu<sup>+</sup>) ion units, azide (N<sub>3</sub>) groups, and trityl (Trt)-protected thiol groups in the main chain, side chains, and termini, respectively, was newly designed. Because of a multivalent Gu<sup>+</sup>-phosphate salt-bridge interaction, <sup>Az</sup>Gu can adhere to siRNA along its strand. When I<sub>2</sub> was added to a preincubated mixture of <sup>Az</sup>Gu and siRNA, oxidative polymerization of <sup>Az</sup>Gu took place along the siRNA strand, affording <sup>Az</sup>NC⊃siRNA, the smallest siRNA-containing reactive nanocaplet so far reported. This conjugate was converted into <sup>Glue/BP</sup>NC⊃siRNA by the click reaction with a Gu<sup>+</sup>-appended bioadhesive dendron (Glue) followed by a benzophenone derivative (BP). Then, Tf was covalently immobilized onto <sup>Glue/BP</sup>NC⊃siRNA by Gu<sup>+</sup>-mediated adhesion followed by photochemical reaction with BP. With the help of Tf-induced transcytosis, <sup>Tf</sup>NC⊃siRNA permeated deeply into a cancer spheroid, a 3D tissue model, at a depth of up to nearly 70 μm, unprecedentedly.
Model development for evidence-based prioritisation of policy action on emerging chemical and microbial drinking water risks (2021)

While the burden of disease from well-studied drinking water contaminants is declining, risks from emerging chemical and microbial contaminants arise because of social, technological, demographic and climatological developments. At present, emerging chemical and microbial drinking water contaminants are not assessed in a systematic way, but reactively and incidence based. Furthermore, they are assessed separately despite similar pollution sources. As a result, risks might be addressed ineffectively. Integrated risk assessment approaches are thus needed that elucidate the uncertainties in the risk evaluation of emerging drinking water contaminants, while considering risk assessors' values. This study therefore aimed to (1) construct an assessment hierarchy for the integrated evaluation of the potential risks from emerging chemical and microbial contaminants in drinking water and (2) develop a decision support tool, based on the agreed assessment hierarchy, to quantify (uncertain) risk scores. A multi-actor approach was used to construct the assessment hierarchy, involving chemical and microbial risk assessors, drinking water experts and members of responsible authorities. The concept of value-focused thinking was applied to guide the problem-structuring and model-building process. The development of the decision support tool was done using Decisi-o-rama, an open-source Python library. With the developed decision support tool (uncertain) risk scores can be calculated for emerging chemical and microbial drinking water contaminants, which can be used for the evidence-based prioritisation of actions on emerging chemical and microbial drinking water risks. The decision support tool improves existing prioritisation approaches as it combines uncertain indicator levels with a multi-stakeholder approach and integrated the risk assessment of chemical and microbial contaminants. By applying the concept of value-focused thinking, this study addressed difficulties in evidence-based decision-making related to emerging drinking water contaminants. Suggestions to improve the model were made to guide future research in assisting policy makers to effectively protect public health from emerging drinking water risks.
Tailored magnetic anisotropy in an amorphous trilayer (2011)

An amorphous Co68Fe24Zr8(3 nm)/Al70Zr30(3 nm)/Co68Fe24Zr8(3 nm) trilayer system has been investigated using in-plane and out-of-plane angular dependent ferromagnetic resonance at different frequencies. The in-plane magnetic anisotropy is uniaxial, retaining its value of (2.9 ± 0.1) × 103 J/m3 for each magnetic layer, whereas its direction was tailored independently in an arbitrary manner by applying an external magnetic field during the film deposition. The perpendicular anisotropy constant, supposed to reflect the interface quality, is nearly identical for both layers. Furthermore, the magnetic layers act independently upon each other due to the absence of interlayer coupling.
MEMS Memory Elements (2001)

Detailed blood velocity map in the vascular system can be obtained by applying the optical flow method (OFM) in processing fluoroscopic digital subtracted catheter angiographic images; however, there are still challenges with the accuracy of this method. In the present study, a divergence compensatory optical flow method (DC-OFM), in which a nonzero divergence of velocity is assumed due to the finite resolution of the image, was explored and applied to the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images of blood flow. The objective of this study is to examine the applicability and evaluate the accuracy of DC-OFM in assessing the blood flow velocity in vessels. First, an Oseen vortex flow was simulated on the standard particle image to generate an image pair. Then, the DC-OFM was applied on the particle image pair to recover the velocity field for validation. Second, DSA images of intracranial arteries were used to examine the accuracy of the current method. For each set of images, the first image is the in vivo DSA image, and the second image is generated by superimposing a given flow field. The recovered velocity map by DC-OFM agrees well with the exact velocity for both the particle images and the angiographic images. In comparison with the traditional OFM, the present method can provide more accurate velocity estimation. The accuracy of the velocity estimation can also be improved by implementing preprocess techniques including image intensification, Gaussian filtering, and "image-shift."
58.3: A 3.6‐In. 202‐ppi Full‐Color AMPLED Display Fabricated by Ink‐Jet Method (2006)

Abstract We developed a 3.6‐in. 202‐ppi Full‐Color AMPLED display by using ink‐jet technology. It is the highest resolution PLED display ever reported in the world. Three organic layers, hole transport layer, interlayer and emission layer, were fabricated by ink‐jet technology with 7pl ink‐jet heads on a CG‐Silicon active‐matrix backplane. The developed display proved that ink‐jet technology can realize high resolution PLEDs.