gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiences with Improving the Transparency of AI Models and Services (2020)

AI models and services are used in a growing number of high-stakes areas, resulting in a need for increased transparency. Consistent with this, several proposals for higher quality and more consistent documentation of AI data, models, and systems have emerged. Little is known, however, about the needs of those who would produce or consume these new forms of documentation. Through semi-structured developer interviews, and two document-creation exercises, we have assembled a clearer picture of these needs and the various challenges faced in creating accurate and useful AI documentation. Based on the observations from this work, supplemented by feedback received during multiple design explorations and stakeholder conversations, we make recommendations for easing the collection and flexible presentation of AI facts to promote transparency.
Multiwavelength pulse amplification gain dynamics of a semiconductor optical amplifier (2005)

The gain dynamics of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) are studied for the amplification of long, short and multiwavelength pulses from an external cavity semiconductor mode-locked laser. Nonlinear effects such as carrier heating and cooling, four wave mixing, and self phase modulation are observed, and it is shown how the inherent chirp of semiconductor mode-locked laser pulses helps to avoid these nonlinear effects.
Supplementary Figure 1. Effects of long term pan-caspase inhibition on autophagy in myeloma cells. from Synergistic Myeloma Cell Death via Novel Intracellular Activation of Caspase-10–Dependent Apoptosis by Carfilzomib and Selinexor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Western blot analysis of markers for autophagy and apoptosis in MM1.S cells treated for the indicated time with pan-caspase inhibitor.&lt;/p&gt;
Application of Transport Theory to Infra-Red Medical Imaging (1991)

We discuss the principles of a potential imaging scheme which makes use of reflected radiation in the near infrared region and is intended for a broad spectrum of clinical applications. The object is to detect and image regions of anomalous absorption, which give information about physiological function. We describe Monte Carlo procedures used to simulate the process and give computed results for weight functions. Computed images of simulated absorbers are also presented. We discuss possible applications.
<title>Model-based OPC for sub-resolution assist feature enhanced layouts</title> (2002)

Sub-resolution assist features (SRAF) have been demonstrated to provide significant process window improvement when used in combination with off-axis illumination (OAI) and attenuated phase shifted mask enhanced lithography. While some through pitch linewidth variations can be reduced through the use of SRAF, the main goal is to improve common process window, leaving the task of linewidth control to conventional optical proximity correction (OPC). OPC in combination with SRAF is also required to address 2D patterning infidelities such as corner rounding and line end shortening, for which SRAF do not provide adequate correction. Finally, OPC will be used as a means of recovering process window that may be lost in layout situations that result in poor SRAF coverage. With an industry wide migration form rules-based OPC to iterative, model-based solutions, the integration of inherently rules based SRAF generation and model-based OPC has to be investigated.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Intracerebral CpG Immunotherapy with Carbon Nanotubes Abrogates Growth of Subcutaneous Melanomas in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 73K, In vitro CNT-CpG activity assay.&lt;/p&gt;
Assessment of the Sentinel-1 Interferometric Capabilities in the Interferometric Wide-Swath Mode (2015)

The contribution focuses on the current status of the ESA study entitled “INSARAP: Sentinel-1 InSAR Performance study with TOPS Data”. The study investigates the performance of the interferometric wide swath (IW) mode of Sentinel-1, which is implemented using the terrain observation by progressive scans (TOPS) mode. The key aspects of the TOPS mode that need to be considered for accurate interferometric processing will be presented, and first analyses with Sentinel-1 time series will be shown. The interferometric processing chain used to process the data will be expounded in detail. The interferometric results will focus on different pilot sites, namely, Campi Flegrei/Vesuvius area and Mount Etna, both located in Italy, Istanbul city in Turkey, and Mexico City. The evaluation of the results will be performed using in-situ geodetic measurements based on continuous GPS stations located on the different sites. For Mexico City and Istanbul a cross-check using TSX TOPS time series will be also used. Other relevant interferometric aspects will be also addressed, e.g., phase jumps due to azimuthal motion and ionospheric artefacts.
Music Information Retrieval in ChucK; Real-Time Prototyping for MIR Systems & Performance. (2008)

The present study was designed to evaluate the renal haemodynamic pattern of never-treated microalbuminuric and normoalbuminuric patients with essential hypertension. A total of 19 never-treated essential hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria were selected and, as control subjects, 24 never-treated essential hypertensive patients without microalbuminuria (determined on three 24-h urine collections) were recruited. In the two groups, we compared blood pressure values, standing plasma noradrenaline, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, urinary aldosterone, lipid profile, serum glucose and uric acid, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. In comparison with normoalbuminuric patients, microalbuminuric patients showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure values (P < 0.05), higher renal vascular resistances (P < 0.05) and lower plasma renin activity values (P < 0.01). Urinary albumin excretion showed a significant positive correlation with systolic (r = 0.46, P < 0.005) and mean blood pressure (r = 0.38, P < 0.05), serum uric acid (r = 0.43, P < 0.005) and triglyceride values (r = 0.36, P < 0.005), and a significant negative correlation with plasma renin activity (r = -0.34, P < 0.05). The present data are consistent with the occurrence of renal vasoconstriction in microalbuminuric never-treated essential hypertensive patients.
Study of Hafnium (IV) Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Polymerized Complex and Polymer Precursor Derived Sol-Gel Methods (2010)

This work reports the preparation and characterization of hafnium (IV) oxide (HfO2) nanoparticles grown by derived sol-gel routes that involves the formation of an organic polymeric network. A comparison between polymerized complex (PC) and polymer precursor (PP) methods is presented. For the PC method, citric acid (CA) and ethylene glycol (EG) are used as the chelating and polymerizable reagents, respectively. In the case of PP method, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is used as the chelating reagent. In both cases, different precursor gels were prepared and the hafnium (IV) chloride (HfCl4) molar ratio was varied from 0.1 to 1.0 for the PC method and from 0.05 to 0.5 for the PP method. In order to obtain the nanoparticles, the precursors were heat treated at 500 and 800 °C. The thermal characterization of the precursor gels was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the structural and morphological characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the samples obtained by both methods shows the formation of HfO2 at 500 °C with monoclinic crystalline phase. The PC method exhibited also the cubic phase. Finally, the HfO2 nanoparticles size (4 to 11 nm) was determined by TEM and XRD patterns.
Preparation and characterization of reactive blends of poly(lactic acid), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (2015)

The ternary blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH), and poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (EGMA) were prepared. The role of EGMA as a compatibilizer was evaluated. The weight ratio of PLA:EVOH was 80:20 and the EGMA loadings were varied from 5-20 phr. The blends were characterized as follows: thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry, morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical properties by pendulum impact tester, and universal testing machine. The glass transition temperature of PLA blends did not change much when compared with that of PLA. The blends of PLA/EGMA and EVOH/EGMA showed EGMA dispersed droplets where the latter led to poor impact properties. However, the tensile elongation at break and tensile toughness substantially increased upon addition of EGMA to blends of PLA and EVOH. It was noted in tensile test samples that both PLA and EVOH domains fibrillated significantly to produce toughness.
Unusual behavior of bimetallic nanoparticles in catalytic processes of hydrogenation and selective oxidation (2020)

Abstract Recent results obtained in studying mono- and bimetallic catalysts for selective hydrogenation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds, even unsaturated ones, acetylenic and nitro compounds as well as CO and bio-available alcohols oxidation are reviewed from the standpoint of the strong interaction between the metal nanoparticles, on the one hand, and two metals in the composition of bimetallic nanoparticles, on the other hand. Such interactions were demonstrated to result in partial positive or negative charging of metal nanoparticles, which, in turn, changes their adsorption and catalytic properties, especially with respect to the reactions involving hydrogen. Among the systems studied, Au–Pt, Au–Pd, Au–Cu, Au–Fe, Pt–WO x , Fe–Pd, Fe–Pt, Fe–Cu nanoparticles prepared by the redox procedure are considered to be most perspective in diverse catalytic applications because of the proper combination of the particle size and the electronic state of the metals.
EXTH-21. GALLIUM MALTOLATE INTERFERES WITH IRON METABOLISM IN GLIOBLASTOMA (2016)

Previously, we presented compelling data that gallium maltolate (GaM) has a profound antitumor effect on glioblastoma (GBM) in vitro and in vivo. We now provide evidence elucidating the mechanism of action by which GaM exerts its antineoplastic activity. Interaction of transferrin with GaM was confirmed by UV-Vis (ultraviolet visible) spectroscopy. Cellular iron proteins and the effects of GaM were evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The action of GaM on the iron-dependent M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM2) was analyzed by Western blot and electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR) in human U87 and D54 GBM cells. Transferrin receptor (TfR) and RRM2 IHC revealed strong expression by GBM tumors, but not by normal brain cells in both patient surgical and U87 xenograft tissues. The keen iron requirement of GBM cells was reflected by the higher proportion of H-ferritin (metabolic) vs. L-ferritin (storage) staining we observed in GBM tumors. More intense TfR staining was noted in treated vs. untreated xenograft tumors. This finding is consistent with an upregulation of TfRs secondary to tumor iron deprivation produced by GaM treatment. Cellularity counts were comparable between GaM-treated and control tumors, but the proportion of dead cells was higher in treated ones. Moreover, the number of mitotic figures was significantly lower in treated tumors (p=0.043). Further analysis of the effect of GaM on RRM2 function showed that GaM formed complexes with transferrin and inhibited the tyrosyl radical of RRM2, and consequently RRM2 activity, without reducing RRM2 protein levels. We propose that GaM exerts its antineoplastic effect by forming identifiable complexes with transferrin, enabling it to be taken up by GBM cells via transferrin receptors, where it interferes with iron-dependent processes, such as DNA synthesis, by inhibition of RRM2 activity. Thus, GaM shows great promise for new interventional strategies in GBM therapy.
Elevated vascular γ‐butyrobetaine levels attenuate the development of high glucose‐induced endothelial dysfunction (2013)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of vascular tissue levels of l-carnitine and its precursor, γ-butyrobetaine (GBB), on the development of endothelial dysfunction induced by 5 μmol/L lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), 10 mmol/L triglycerides (TG) or a high glucose concentration (44 mmol/L). Changes in vascular tissue levels of l-carnitine and GBB were induced by administration of l-carnitine (100 mg/kg), mildronate (100 mg/kg; an inhibitor of l-carnitine synthesis) or their combination to male Wistar rats for 2 weeks. Treatment with l-carnitine elevated vascular tissue levels of l-carnitine, whereas administration of mildronate reduced l-carnitine levels and increased GBB levels. Experimental animals that received the combination of both drugs showed elevated tissue levels of GBB. The results from organ bath experiments demonstrated that increased GBB levels with preserved l-carnitine content in vascular tissues attenuated the development of endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose. However, changes in vascular tissue l-carnitine and GBB levels had no impact on endothelial dysfunction induced by TG or LPC. The results demonstrate that increased levels of GBB with preserved l-carnitine content in vascular tissue attenuate the development of endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose concentrations.
56‐1: A Multiplane Holographic HUD Using Light Selectivity of Bragg Grating (2019)

A Multi‐plane Head‐Up Display (MHUD) using the spectral and angular selectivity of Bragg Grating is presented. Most of today's automotive HUDs display information at a short distance, about 2 meters. However, a key challenge of augmented reality is to have a longer projection distance to superimpose graphics on the external landscape, without parallax issues, while keeping vehicle information at a shorter distance. As a result, the HUD needs to have at least two image planes. Existing methods to build such a multiplane lightfield HUD are complex and bulky. In this paper, we propose a new principle, using a dual PGU an then a single PGU, fitted with HOE working with the spectral dimension of the light.
Bianisotropic Effective Parameters of Optical Metamagnetics and Negative-Index Materials An overview of some principles in development of bianisotropic homogenization techniques for metamaterials is given in this paper with examples in passive and active optical metamaterials. (2011)

Approaches to the adequate homogenization of optical metamaterials are becoming more and more complex, primarily due to an increased understanding of the role of asym- metricelectricalandmagneticresponses,inadditiontothenonlocal effects of the surrounding medium, even in the simplest case of plane-wave illumination. The current trend in developing such advanced homogenization descriptions often relies on utilizing bianisotropic models as a base on top of which novel optical characterization techniques can be built. In this paper, we first briefly review general principles for developing a bianisotropic homogenization approach. Second, we present several examples validating and illustrating our approach using single-period passive and active optical metamaterials. We also show that the substrate may have a significant effect on the bianisotropic characteristics of otherwise symmetric passive and active metamaterials.
Upstream Film Cooling on the Contoured Endwall of a Transonic Turbine Vane in an Annular Cascade (2020)

Abstract The effects of mainstream flow velocity, density ratio (DR), and coolant-to-mainstream mass flow ratio (MFR) were investigated on a vane endwall in a transonic, annular cascade. A blow down facility consisting of five vanes was used. The film cooling effectiveness was measured using binary pressure sensitive paint (BPSP). The mainstream flow was set using isentropic exit Mach numbers of 0.7 and 0.9. The coolant-to-mainstream density ratio varied from 1.0 to 2.0. The coolant to mainstream MFR varied from 0.75% to 1.25%. The endwall was cooled by eighteen discrete holes located upstream of the vane passage to provide cooling to the upstream half of the endwall. Due to the curvature of the vane endwall, the upstream holes provided uniform coverage entering the endwall passage. The coverage was effective leading to the throat of the passage, where the downstream holes could provide additional protection. Increasing the coolant flowrate increased the effectiveness provided by the film cooling holes. Increasing the density of the coolant increases the effectiveness on the endwall while enhancing the lateral spread of the coolant. Finally, increasing the velocity of the mainstream while holding the MFR constant also yields increased protection on the endwall. Over the range of flow conditions considered in this study, the binary pressure sensitive paint proved to be a valuable tool for obtaining detailed pressure and film effectiveness distributions.
Working Distance in Bilingual Children: Is Chinese Text a Causal Factor for Myopia? (2008)

Sample :50 bilingual (English/Chinese) Singaporean Chinese children:•26 myopes (SE ≤-0.50D) •24 emmetropes (-0.50D < SE ≤+0.50D)•Age: 7-8 (26) and 10-11 (24) •Gender: 26 male, 24 femaleTask :All subjects performed 4 tasks in random order: writing and reading in Chinese and English. Reading material was taken from age relatedschool books.Material :Working distance was continuously recorded at 10 Hz by means of a Polhemus Fastrack. Short working distances have been shown to induce faster myopia progression in children
Presenilin function: connections to Alzheimer's disease and signal transduction (2001)

Missense mutations in presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) are associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease which displays an accelerated deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Presenilins are multi-spanning transmembrane proteins which localize primarily to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi compartments. We have previously demonstrated that PS1 exists as a high-molecular-mass complex that is likely to contain several functional ligands. Potential binding proteins were screened by the yeast two-hybrid system using the cytoplasmically orientated PS1 loop domain which was shown to interact strongly with members of the armadillo family of proteins, including beta-catenin, p0071 and a novel neuron-specific plakophilin-related armadillo protein (NPRAP). Armadillo proteins can have dual functions that encompass the stabilization of cellular junctions/synapses and the mediation of signal transduction pathways. Our observations suggest that PS1 may contribute to both aspects of armadillo-related pathways involving neurite outgrowth and nuclear translocation of beta-catenin upon activation of the wingless (Wnt) pathway. Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related presenilin mutations exhibit a dominant gain of aberrant function resulting in the prevention of beta-catenin translocation following Wnt signalling. These findings indicate a functional role for PS1 in signalling and suggest that mistrafficking of selected presenilin ligands may be a potential mechanism in the genesis of AD.
The Ets protein Spi-B is expressed exclusively in B cells and T cells during development. (1996)

Spi-B and PU.1 are hematopoietic-specific transcription factors that constitute a subfamily of the Ets family of DNA-binding proteins. Here we show that contrary to previous reports, PU.1 and Spi-B have very different expression patterns. PU.1 is expressed at high levels in B cells, mast cells, megakaryocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and immature erythroid cells and at lower levels in mature erythrocytes. PU.1 is completely absent from peripheral T cells and most T cell lines based on sensitive RT-PCR assays. In contrast, Spi-B is expressed exclusively in lymphoid cells and can be detected in early fetal thymus and spleen. In situ hybridizations of adult murine tissues demonstrate Spi-B mRNA in the medulla of the thymus, the white pulp of the spleen, and the germinal centers of lymph nodes. Spi-B expression is very abundant in B cells and both Spi-B mRNA and protein are detected in some T cells. In situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis suggest that Spi-B gene expression increases during B cell maturation and decreases during T cell maturation. Gel-retardation experiments show that Spi-B can bind to all putative PU.1 binding sites, but do not reveal any preferred Spi-B binding site. Finally, both PU.1 and Spi-B function as transcriptional activators of the immunoglobulin light-chain enhancer E lambda 2.4 when coexpressed with Pip (PU.1-interaction partner) in NIH-3T3 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that differences in patterns of expression between Spi-B and PU.1 distinguish the function of each protein during development of the immune system.
[Overview on diagnosis, treatment and therapeutic angiogenesis for arteriosclerosis obliterans]. (2006)

Arteriosclerosis of the extremities is a disease of the blood vessels characterized by hardening and/or narrowing of the arteries that supply the legs and feet. This causes a decrease in blood flow that can injure nerves and other tissues. Therapeutic angiogenesis using angiogenic growth factor is expected to be a new treatment for patients with critical limb ischemia. The first human clinical trial treating peripheral vascular disease was started in 1994 using vascular endothelial growth factor. To date, other potent angiogenic growth factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor(HGF), have been also estimated in clinical trials for peripheral arterial disease. Several results from phase 1 or 2 trials using HGF gene were encouraging. Phase 3 trials are now ongoing and their results are expected.
Comparison of biochemical failure definitions for predicting local cancer recurrence following cryoablation of the prostate (2012)

Overall, the Phoenix definition best predicted local cancer recurrence following prostate cryoablation. These preliminary data may be useful for researchers evaluating the short-term efficacy of cryoablation, and for urologists assessing their patients for potential cancer recurrence.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Sulfonamidophenyl Porphyrins as Models for Activatable Photosensitizers (2009)

The ability to localize agents to specific anatomic sites remains an important aspect in designing more efficient therapeutics. Light-activated therapies, in particular, allow for the focal ablation of target tissues and cells. In order to increase the specificity of these agents, stimuli-activated systems have been developed, which are nonphototoxic in the absence of activation. To this end, we propose a novel paradigm for excited state quenching and activation based upon the direct conjugation of quenching moieties to the porphyrinic macrocycle. Model compounds, based upon meso-(p-aminophenyl)porphyrins were synthesized bearing 1 to 4 sulfonamide-linked 2,4-dinitrobenzene. The singlet oxygen and fluorescence quantum yields of these compounds were obtained and compared, as well as the kinetics of activation with relevant activating agents. In addition, methods were developed to further modify the porphyrin in order to modulate the polarity and effect conjugation to biomolecules or nanoparticulate scaffolds. These systems may prove useful in the treatment of a number of disease states, such as cancer and bacterial infection.
Adición de sulpirida a la clozapina en pacientes esquizofrénicos resistentes al tratamiento: un estudio preliminar de una serie clínica (1997)

Resumen Seis pacientes esquizofrénicos crónicos resistentes a los neurolépticos, que respondían parcialmente a la clozapina, recibieron conjuntamente de manera abierta durante 10 semanas 600 mg/día de sulpirida (un antagonista dopaminérgico selectivo del D 2 ) com o aumento al tratamiento con clozapina (un bloqueador relativamente débil del D 2 ). Se observó una notable reducción en los síntomas positivos y negativos en cuatro de los seis pacientes.