gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Improvement of Molecular Beam Epitaxy Grown InSb Photodiodes for Room Temperature Operation (2008)

In this paper, we report the optimization of the light absorber layer thickness of InSb p+–p-–n+ photodiodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs(001) substrates. An Al0.17In0.83Sb barrier layer between p+ and p- layers was used to reduce the diffusion of photoexcited electrons, allowing rectifying characteristics and high photovoltage response at room temperature. Photodiodes with a junction area of 90×90 µm2 and p--layer thicknesses varying from 0.5 to 3 µm were fabricated, demonstrating that photocurrent increased with p--layer thickness, which is in good agreement with theoretical calculations. However, the non biased differential resistance did not increase as expected, possibly owing to an increase in film defect density with increasing film thickness, which is considered to produce leakage paths through the light absorber layer. Despite the presence of defects on the grown films, photodiodes with a p--layer thickness of 3 µm showed a sixfold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio when compared with that of 0.5 µm.
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Carfentanil (2020)

Because of its remarkable potency and relative ease of synthesis, carfentanil (<b>1</b>) has recently emerged as a problematic contaminant in other drugs of abuse. Carfentanil and its close analogues, currently approved only for large animal veterinary medicine, have found use both as illicit additives to the clandestine manufacture of scheduled drugs and as chemical weapons. In this Review, the background, synthesis, manufacture, metabolism, pharmacology, approved indications, dosage, and adverse effects of carfentanil will be discussed along with its emergence as a key player in the ongoing opioid crisis.
Impedance Transformation: Introduction to the Simplest On-Chip SAW Filter (2013)

In a wireless receiver, the desired signal, which can be very weak, can be accompanied by strong out-of-band blockers. To amplify the weak desired signal and overcome the noise of the following stages, the incoming signal must pass through a low noise amplifier. Also, for a very weak desired signal, the gain of the LNA is maximized. If they are not attenuated before experiencing the LNA gain, the strong out-of-band blockers compress the LNA. In practice, external SAW filters are used in front of the LNA to attenuate the out-of-band blockers. Such external SAW filters are not only expensive and bulky, they increase the receiver noise figure due to their inevitable insertion loss. Additionally, such SAW filters require typically external matching components to convert the impedance seen from the RFIC to the 50Ω they need for proper operation.
An indirect method for engaging unactivated alkenes as effective dienophiles in regioselective Diels-Alder reactions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAn indirect method for engaging unactivated alkenes as effective dienophiles in regioselective Diels-Alder reactionsLeo A. Paquette and Gary D. CrouseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1, 141–142Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00149a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00149a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Control strategies ofactive filters inthecontext ofpower conditioning (2005)

PowerFilters havebeenintensively explored inthepastdecade. Various topologies and control schemes havebeendocumented aiming atreducing thecostandimproving theperformance of thecompensation system.Hybrid active filters inherit theefficiency ofpassive filters andthe improved performance ofactive filters, andthusconstitute aviable improved approach forharmonic compensation. Inthis paperaparallel hybrid filter isstudied forcurrent harmonic compensation. The hybrid filter isformed byasingle tuned LCfilter perphase andasmall-rated powerthree-phase active filter, which aredirectly connected inseries without anymatching transformer. Therequired rating of theactive filter ismuchsmaller than a conventional standalone active filter wouldbe.Noadditional switching-ripple filter isrequired forthehybrid filter because theLC filter functions notonly as a harmonic filter butalsoas a switching-ripple filter around10kHz.Simulation results and experimental results obtained inlaboratory confirmed thevalidity andeffectiveness ofthecontrol.
Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: a study of Baldrige award recipients (2016)

Issues regarding workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership have received increased attention in the organizational sciences. The implications of workplace spirituality for leadership theory, research, and practice make this a fast growing area of new research and inquiry by scholars. The purpose of this research was to test a dynamic relationship between the revised spiritual leadership model, consisting of inner life, spiritual leadership (comprised of hope/faith, vision, and altruistic love), spiritual well-being (i.e. a sense of calling and membership), and key organizational outcomes in a sample of Baldrige Performance Excellence Program award recipients. With structural equation modeling, results revealed a positive and significant relationship between spiritual leadership and several outcomes considered essential for performance excellence, including organizational commitment, unit productivity, and life satisfaction. These relationships were explained or mediated by spiritual well-being. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Terabit/s data transmission using optical frequency combs (2013)

Terabit/s interconnects rely on advanced wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) schemes. However, while efficient photonic-electronic interfaces can be efficiently realized on silicon-on-insulator chips, dense integration of WDM laser sources still represents a major challenge. Chip-scale frequency comb sources are an attractive alternative for providing optical carriers for WDM transmission. In this paper we give an overview on our recent work towards terabit/s data transmission using optical frequency combs. We demonstrate transmission of a 32.5 Tbit/s data stream using a modelocked solid-state laser as an optical source. Our current experiments aim at transmission schemes that exploit Kerr nonlinearities in high-Q microresonators for frequency comb generation.
Scattering Analysis of Terahertz Wireless Links by Rough Surfaces (2019)

This work describes the diffuse scattering response of a terahertz data stream on metallic rough surfaces. The measurements are performed using a wireless link with carrier frequencies operating from 100-400 GHz. We discuss the implications of surface roughness for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths in non-specular directions.
Self-assembly 'micro-origami' photon cages as hollow micro-resonators (2015)

Selective etching of pre-stressed multi-layered structures releases intrinsic stresses creating flexible macroscopic shapes (rolls, spirals, tubes…). Combining mechanical and photonic concepts, we develop an experimental approach by controlling material composition, mask design and etching process in order to obtain prescribed macroscopic 3D hollow optical micro-cavities. New photonic microstructures are proposed for an efficient light trapping in low index media. Cylindrical hollow cavities formed by bending a photonic crystal membrane are designed. Using numerical simulations, strong confinement of photons is demonstrated for very open resonators. The resulting strong light matter interaction can be exploited in optical devices comprising an active material embedded in a low index matrix like polymer or even gaz.
Rotational population and alignment distributions for inelastic scattering and trapping/desorption of NO on Pt(111) (1989)

Rotationally resolved experiments on the NO/Pt(111) system explore the mechanisms of inelastic scattering and trapping/desorption. The rotational dynamics associated with these two regimes are markedly different. A neat supersonic NO beam is scattered at normal incidence from a Pt(111) crystal at 375–475 K. The non-Boltzmann rotational population distribution of the scattered species exhibits considerable rotational excitation beyond the energy available from the incident beam. Thus, a surface vibration to rotational energy transfer mechanism must be operative. The accompanying rotational alignment data reveal that highly excited rotational states exhibit predominantly ‘‘cartwheel’’ motion. In contrast, rotationally excited molecules that desorb from a 553 K Pt(111) surface show a preference for ‘‘helicopter’’ motion. The opposite preferences for rotational alignment in the two dynamical regimes provide insight into the anisotropy of molecule–surface interactions.
Design issues for hybrid key exchange in TLS 1.3 (2000)

Hybrid key exchange refers to using multiple key exchange algorithms
simultaneously and combining the result with the goal of providing
security even if all but one of the component algorithms is broken,
and is motivated by transition to post-quantum cryptography. This
document categorizes various design considerations for using hybrid
key exchange in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol version
1.3 and outlines two concrete instantiations for consideration.
Copolymerization of Divinylsilyl‐11‐silicotungstic Acid with Butyl Acrylate and Hexanediol Diacrylate: Synthesis of a Highly Proton‐Conductive Membrane for Fuel‐Cell Applications (2009)

Highly conducive to high conductivity: Polyoxometalates were incorporated in the backbone of a hydrocarbon polymer to produce proton-conducting films. These first-generation materials contain large, dispersed clusters of polyoxometalates. Although the morphology of these films is not yet optimal, they already demonstrate practical proton conductivities and proton diffusion within the clusters appears to be very high.
Poly I:C activated macrophages are tumoricidal for TNF-alpha-resistant 3LL tumor cells. (1990)

Successive coculture of Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) cells with T cell-derived lymphokines and LPS-activated macrophages has led to the acquisition of 3LL tumor variants (macrophage-resistant 3LL tumor variants (3LL-R)), manifesting a highly reduced sensitivity to the cytotoxic potential of T cell-derived lymphokines and LPS-activated macrophages and TNF-alpha. However, when 3LL-R cells are cocultured with Poly I:C-activated macrophages or with conditioned medium derived from these effector cells a significant lysis is observed. TNF-alpha participates in the cytolytic process of Poly I:C-activated macrophages as anti-TNF-alpha antibodies abolish the cytotoxic effect of these effector cells. In addition, class I IFN is involved because IFN-alpha and IFN-beta act synergistically on TNF-alpha mediated lysis of 3LL-R cells within 18 h. Moreover, anticlass I IFN antibodies abolish the cytolytic capacity of Poly I:C-activated macrophages. Hence, Poly I:C-induced macrophage-mediated cytolysis of 3LL-R cells may result from 1) the induction of macrophages by Poly I:C to secrete high amounts of TNF-alpha and class I IFN and 2) a synergism between IFN-alpha/IFN-beta and TNF-alpha on lysis of 3LL-R cells. This synergism does not result from a class I IFN-mediated enhancement of TNF-alpha receptor expression on 3LL-R cells. Therefore, the sensitivity of 3LL-R cells to TNF-alpha-mediated lysis in the presence of class I IFN is most probably regulated at the post-TNF-alpha receptor level. Furthermore, treatment of mice with Poly I:C strongly reduces the metastatic capacity of 3LL-R tumor cells, suggesting the participation of macrophages in the eradication of the established metastasis. Hence, TNF-alpha-resistant 3LL-R tumor cells may serve as a useful tool for the detection of alternative macrophage-related cytotoxins leading to the destruction of neoplastic cells both in vitro and in vivo.
simcausal R Package: Conducting Transparent and Reproducible Simulation Studies of Causal Effect Estimation with Complex Longitudinal Data (2017)

The <b>simcausal</b> R package is a tool for specification and simulation of complex longitudinal data structures that are based on non-parametric structural equation models. The package aims to provide a flexible tool for simplifying the conduct of transparent and reproducible simulation studies, with a particular emphasis on the types of data and interventions frequently encountered in real-world causal inference problems, such as, observational data with time-dependent confounding, selection bias, and random monitoring processes. The package interface allows for concise expression of complex functional dependencies between a large number of nodes, where each node may represent a measurement at a specific time point. The package allows for specification and simulation of counterfactual data under various user-specified interventions (e.g., static, dynamic, deterministic, or stochastic). In particular, the interventions may represent exposures to treatment regimens, the occurrence or non-occurrence of right-censoring events, or of clinical monitoring events. Finally, the package enables the computation of a selected set of user-specified features of the distribution of the counterfactual data that represent common causal quantities of interest, such as, treatment-specific means, the average treatment effects and coefficients from working marginal structural models. The applicability of <b>simcausal</b> is demonstrated by replicating the results of two published simulation studies.
Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables reverse H2O2 decoupling effect on aggrecan, type II collagen and metalloproteases gene expression in human chondrocytes (2003)

peer reviewed
Comparative Analyses of the Lipooligosaccharides from Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus Show Differences in Sialic Acid and Phosphorylcholine Modifications (2016)

Haemophilus haemolyticus and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are closely related upper airway commensal bacteria that are difficult to distinguish phenotypically. NTHi causes upper and lower airway tract infections in individuals with compromised airways, while H. haemolyticus rarely causes such infections. The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is an outer membrane component of both species and plays a role in NTHi pathogenesis. In this study, comparative analyses of the LOS structures and corresponding biosynthesis genes were performed. Mass spectrometric and immunochemical analyses showed that NTHi LOS contained terminal sialic acid more frequently and to a higher extent than H. haemolyticus LOS did. Genomic analyses of 10 strains demonstrated that H. haemolyticus lacked the sialyltransferase genes lic3A and lic3B (9/10) and siaA (10/10), but all strains contained the sialic acid uptake genes siaP and siaT (10/10). However, isothermal titration calorimetry analyses of SiaP from two H. haemolyticus strains showed a 3.4- to 7.3-fold lower affinity for sialic acid compared to that of NTHi SiaP. Additionally, mass spectrometric and immunochemical analyses showed that the LOS from H. haemolyticus contained phosphorylcholine (ChoP) less frequently than the LOS from NTHi strains. These differences observed in the levels of sialic acid and ChoP incorporation in the LOS structures from H. haemolyticus and NTHi may explain some of the differences in their propensities to cause disease.
Gender differences in acute congestive heart failure (2006)

The trend towards lower survival in women seems primarily related to higher age and other factors rather than gender itself. Female sex is not an independent predictor of long-term mortality in acute CHF.
Retrograde reperfusion via vena cava lowers the risk of initial nonfunction but increases the risk of ischemic-type biliary lesions in liver transplantation – a randomized clinical trial (2006)

Initial nonfunction (INF) and biliary complications such as ischemic-type biliary lesion (ITBL) remain two major complications in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The influence of ischemia and reperfusion injury (I/R) as a significant risk factor for both complications is widely unquestioned. A new reperfusion technique that reduces I/R injury should lead to a reduction in both INF and ITBL. One hundred and thirty two OLT patients were included in this study and randomized into two groups. Group A underwent standard reperfusion with anterograde simultaneous arterial and portal reperfusion and group B received retrograde reperfusion via the vena cava before sequential anterograde reperfusion of portal vein and hepatic artery. Serum transaminase level as a surrogate parameter for I/R injury and serum bilirubin level as a parameter for graft function were significantly reduced during the first week after OLT in group B. INF rate was 7.7% in group A and 0% in group B (P = 0.058). ITBL incidence was 4.55% in group A versus 12.3% in group B (P = 0.053). Retrograde reperfusion seemed to be beneficial for hepatocytes, but was detrimental for the biliary epithelium. The unexplained increased incidence of ITBL after retrograde reperfusion will be focus of further investigation.
Beyond TRL 9: Achieving the Dream of Better, Faster, Cheaper Through Matured TRL 10 Commercial Technologies (2019)

On its web site NASA defines Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 9 as: “Actual systems 'flight proven through successful mission operations”. It's the gold standard for the development and implementation of new technologies on NASA spacecraft, and originates from the idea that technologies that have flown can be expected to fly successfully again. While the risks associated with developing a new technology and using it in space are considered by NASA and most of the space community to have been retired by a first flight, there is no guarantee of reliability or success the next time the technology is used in space. In a recent paper, Straub [1] proposed establishing a TRL 10 level that indicates “proven technology demonstrated through extended operations”. After extensive discussion on the need for this and the possible definition, he suggested that a TRL definition higher than 9 would be useful in recognizing and taking advantage of higher maturity space hardware. Multiple other papers have made the case that hardware that has flown successfully and essentially unchanged multiple times will certainly have higher reliability and lower implementation risk than single flight units. The Psyche mission provides a unique case for testing these arguments about higher maturity hardware and extending the TRL scale beyond TRL 9. NASA's Psyche mission is procuring the majority of its spacecraft bus from SSL's commercial communication product line, which features spacecraft components and technologies with tens to hundreds of successful flights. In many cases, multiple generations of this hardware have been matured based on lessons learned, which guarantees reliability greatly in excess of one-shot hardware. This paper takes another look at the development of the TRL scale, arguments for its extension, and its application to NASA missions in the light of the flight proven, highly reliable commercial hardware described in this paper. We propose two additional TRL levels adopting and refining prior efforts to define levels of hardware maturity beyond TRL 9. This allows NASA to recognize and utilize the benefits of more mature technologies to build better spacecraft that can reliably explore the solar system; better, faster and cheaper than ever before.
Robust Single Polarization Coherent Transceiver Using DGD Pre-distortion for Optical Access Networks (2016)

DGD pre-distortion implements a polarization time code enabling a single polarization coherent transceiver to recover the signal for all polarization states. Using a DFE the maximum polarization dependent sensitivity variation is 1.9/3.0dB for BPSK/QPSK respectively.
Surfactant Size Effect on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Intensity from Silver Nanoparticles (2013)

We report on the synthesis of two types of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and the influence of adsorbed surfactant size on the NP surface for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals. Both particles were of similar size and morphology but were covered by surfactants of different sizes; one surfactant was sodium citrate (molecular weight: 258) and the other was sodium polyacrylate (molecular weight: 2100). For SERS measurement, 4-mecapobenzoic acid and 4-naphthalene thiol as Raman-active dyes were immobilized on the surface of each AgNP. The signals from Raman-active dyes on AgNPs covered with citrate displayed 10 times higher intensity than those from polyacrylate-stabilized AgNPs. Elemental analysis (EA) revealed that the average weight percentage of sulfur is 0.94 wt% and 0.12 wt% for citrate-stabilized and polyacrylate-stabilized AgNPs, respectively. The sulfur content difference was attributed to the size of the existing surfactant influencing the ligand exchange by steric hindrance and subsequently the amount of sulfur content of the particles. These experimental results suggest that the size of initial surfactant should be taken into account when synthesizing a metal particle for enhancing SERS signal.
Identification of Overlapping Communities via Constrained Egonet Tensor Decomposition (2018)

Detection of overlapping communities in real-world networks is a generally challenging task. Upon recognizing that a network is in fact the union of its egonets, a novel network representation using multiway data structures is advocated in this contribution. The introduced sparse tensor-based representation exhibits richer structure compared to its matrix counterpart and, thus, enables a more robust approach to community detection. To leverage this structure, a constrained tensor approximation framework is introduced using PARAFAC decomposition. The arising constrained trilinear optimization is handled via alternating minimization, where intermediate subproblems are solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers to ensure convergence. The factors obtained provide soft community memberships, which can further be exploited for crisp, and possibly-overlapping community assignments. The framework is further broadened to include time-varying graphs, where the edgeset as well as the underlying communities evolve through time. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed via tests on benchmark synthetic graphs as well as real-world networks. As corroborated by numerical tests, the proposed tensor-based representation captures multihop nodal connections, that is, connectivity patterns within single-hop neighbors, whose exploitation yields a more robust community identification in the presence of mixing as well as overlapping communities.
Is an Automatic Pump Suspension Feature Safe for Children with Type 1 Diabetes? An Exploratory Analysis with a Closed-Loop System (2009)

These data suggest that automatic pump suspension using the PID algorithm may be an effective means to prevent hypoglycemia in youth with T1D.