gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An electrostatic mechanism for Ca2+-mediated regulation of gap junction channels (2016)

Gap junction channels mediate intercellular signalling that is crucial in tissue development, homeostasis and pathologic states such as cardiac arrhythmias, cancer and trauma. To explore the mechanism by which Ca(2+) blocks intercellular communication during tissue injury, we determined the X-ray crystal structures of the human Cx26 gap junction channel with and without bound Ca(2+). The two structures were nearly identical, ruling out both a large-scale structural change and a local steric constriction of the pore. Ca(2+) coordination sites reside at the interfaces between adjacent subunits, near the entrance to the extracellular gap, where local, side chain conformational rearrangements enable Ca(2+)chelation. Computational analysis revealed that Ca(2+)-binding generates a positive electrostatic barrier that substantially inhibits permeation of cations such as K(+) into the pore. Our results provide structural evidence for a unique mechanism of channel regulation: ionic conduction block via an electrostatic barrier rather than steric occlusion of the channel pore.
B4 (2013)

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of B4, a private WAN connecting Google's data centers across the planet. B4 has a number of unique characteristics: i) massive bandwidth requirements deployed to a modest number of sites, ii) elastic traffic demand that seeks to maximize average bandwidth, and iii) full control over the edge servers and network, which enables rate limiting and demand measurement at the edge.
Surface Geology of Oba District, Fujisawa City (1970)

A study on the relation between stratigraphical succession of Kwanto “loam” (volcanic ash beds) and its hardness, especially consolidated dark blue part of the volcanic ash, are made at Oba district, western part of Fujisawa city. The Kwanto “loam” are divided into Shimosueyoshi loam and Younger loams (Musashino loam and Tachikawa loam are put together in this paper), and the following five terraces are distinguished in the area studied; namely, Kaza, Golf-jo, Hiko-ja, Matano and Hikiji-gawa terraces. Many pumice or scoria seams, which are of for stratigraphic correlation of Kwanta “loam” at each outcrops and bore-holes, are summarized throughout the area, among them, Tokyo pumice, Miura pumice, An-shin pumice, Fujisawa pumice, etc. are remarkable. Results of standard penetration test (N-value diagram) are compeared with the bore-hole stratigraphical succession at each boring sites, by observation of core-samples with naked eyes.As results, the followings are concluded;1) From the results of standard penetration test, the Kwanta “loam” is subdivided into four groups:Group I: N&cong; 3-4Group II: N&cong; 7-8Group III: N&cong; 11-16Group IV: N&cong; 20 or moreAmong the groups, III and IV are consolidated volcanic ash under visual observation, which is dark bluish in color.2) Distinct difference of N-value are found between Shimosueyoshi loam and Younger loams. Shimosueyoshi loam is more solidified throughout all bore-hole successions.3) Younger loams, covering the higher terrace, is more solidified than that of the lower terrace.4) Consolidated dark blue part of Kwanto “loam” are, in most cases, found upwards or around the pumice seams. On the contrary, pumice or scoria seams are less solidified than the surrounding volcanic ash beds.5) Solidification of volcanic ash is presumably caused by geochemical reaction between volcanic ash and ground water which are contained or permiate into the pore space of the loam beds.
High efficiency surface-emitting laser with subwavelength antireflection structure (2005)

We report on a high efficiency tapered grating surface-emitting laser with an antireflection-structured (ARS) substrate. A 64% improvement of the device efficiency is obtained by monolithic integration of a sawtooth-shaped ARS on the GaAs substrate. Slope efficiencies of 0.82 W/A were measured at 975 nm in pulse pumping and are mainly limited by free-carrier absorption in the n-doped GaAs substrate. A maximum peak power of 25 W was obtained without coating the device's cleaved facet. The symmetry of the near-field intensity profile along the grating coupler is improved by varying the grating duty cycle from 20% to 55%.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit T Cell Signal Transduction by Modification of Detergent-insoluble Membrane Domains (1998)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert immunosuppressive effects, but the molecular alterations leading to T cell inhibition are not yet elucidated. Signal transduction seems to involve detergent-resistant membrane domains (DRMs) acting as functional rafts within the plasma membrane bilayer with Src family protein tyrosine kinases being attached to their cytoplasmic leaflet. Since DRMs include predominantly saturated fatty acyl moieties, we investigated whether PUFAs could affect T cell signaling by remodeling of DRMs. Jurkat T cells cultured in PUFA-supplemented medium showed a markedly diminished calcium response when stimulated via the transmembrane CD3 complex or glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)- anchored CD59. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that CD59 but not Src family protein tyrosine kinase Lck remained in a punctate pattern after PUFA enrichment. Analysis of DRMs revealed a marked displacement of Src family kinases (Lck, Fyn) from DRMs derived from PUFA-enriched T cells compared with controls, and the presence of Lck in DRMs strictly correlated with calcium signaling. In contrast, GPI-anchored proteins (CD59, CD48) and ganglioside GM1, both residing in the outer membrane leaflet, remained in the DRM fraction. In conclusion, PUFA enrichment selectively modifies the cytoplasmic layer of DRMs and this alteration could underlie the inhibition of T cell signal transduction by PUFAs.
Study of Bose-Einstein correlations in pp, pPb, and PbPb collisions at the LHC (2017)

Quantum statistical (Bose-Einstein) two-particle correlations are measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV, as well as in pPb and peripheral PbPb collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 5.02 and 2.76 TeV, respectively, using the CMS detector at the LHC. Separate analyses are performed for same-sign unidentified charged particles as well as for same-sign pions and kaons identified via their energy loss in the silicon tracker. The characteristics of the one-, two-, and three-dimensional correlation functions are studied as functions of the pair average transverse momentum ($k_\mathrm{T}$) and the charged-particle multiplicity in the event. For all systems, the extracted correlation radii steadily increase with the event multiplicity, and decrease with increasing $k_\mathrm{T}$. The radii are in the range 1-5 fm, the largest values corresponding to very high multiplicity pPb interactions and to peripheral PbPb collisions with multiplicities similar to those seen in pPb data. It is also observed that the dependencies of the radii on multiplicity and $k_\mathrm{T}$ largely factorize. At the same multiplicity, the radii are relatively independent of the colliding system and center-of-mass energy.
ANKRD26 and Its Interacting Partners TRIO, GPS2, HMMR and DIPA Regulate Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells (2012)

Partial inactivation of the Ankyrin repeat domain 26 (Ankrd26) gene causes obesity and diabetes in mice and increases spontaneous and induced adipogenesis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. However, it is not yet known how the Ankrd26 protein carries out its biological functions. We identified by yeast two-hybrid and immunoprecipitation assays the triple functional domain protein (TRIO), the G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2), the delta-interacting protein A (DIPA) and the hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) as ANKRD26 interacting partners. Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells was increased by selective down-regulation of Ankrd26, Trio, Gps2, Hmmr and Dipa. Furthermore, GPS2 and DIPA, which are normally located in the nucleus, were translocated to the cytoplasm, when the C-terminus of ANKRD26 was introduced into these cells. These findings provide biochemical evidence that ANKRD26, TRIO, GPS2 and HMMR are novel and important regulators of adipogenesis and identify new targets for the modulation of adipogenesis.
An In-Situ Thermogravimetric Study of Pyrolysis of Rice Hull with Alkali Catalyst of CaCO3 (2018)

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Pyrolysis of rice hull (RH) with the presence of CaCO3 catalyst was carried out in this study to understand the effect of alkali catalyst in the thermal degradation behaviour and evaluate the kinetic parameter of rice hull for bio-oil or syngas production. Five different heating rates of the pyrolysis experiments at 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 Kmin-1 were carried out in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) equipment. Model fitting kinetic Coats Redfern integral method was applied in this study to estimate the activation energy (EA) and pre-exponential (A) value of catalytic pyrolysis in RH. The results showed that the maximum degradation increased from 6.69 to 52.67 wt% min-1 as heating rates increases from 10 to 100 Kmin-1. Besides that, the EA of the catalytic pyrolysis for RH using CaCO3 catalyst 60.86 kJmol-1 which is lower than other similar pyrolysis reaction reported in literature i.e. 77.4 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, the A value for the catalytic pyrolysis for RH using CaCO3 catalyst was 4.68×1010 min-1 which is significantly higher than 1.1×106 min-1 as reported in literature for non-catalytic pyrolysis of rice husk.
Interactions and Thresholds of Limonin and Nomilin in Bitterness Perception in Orange Juice and Other Matrices (2013)

Abstract Limonin and nomilin are two bitter compounds present in citrus and are thought to cause off‐flavor in H uanglongbing ( HLB )‐infected fruit/juice. This study determined the best estimate thresholds of limonin, nomilin and their combination in matrices composed of sugars and acids at levels found in orange juice, and in orange juice, using the three‐alternate forced‐choice methodology. Further, the effect of sucrose or citric acid in orange juice on the bitterness perception of both compounds was investigated. In a simple matrix (sucrose and citric acid), the threshold of limonin was 4.0 mg/ L , lower than the threshold of nomilin, which was 5.4 mg/ L . Together in a 1:1 ratio, limonin and nomilin acted synergistically and both thresholds decreased. When adding nomilin at a fixed subthreshold concentration of 2 mg/ L , limonin threshold decreased to 2.6 mg/ L . Recognition thresholds in orange juice were 4.7 and 2.6 mg/ L for limonin and nomilin, respectively. Added sucrose, but not citric acid, decreased the perception of bitterness induced by limonin and nomilin in orange juice. Practical Applications Florida orange juice processors are encountering increased juice bitterness resulting from elevated levels of the bitter compounds limonin and nomilin due to citrus greening or H uanglongbing disease ( HLB ). Increased knowledge of sensory perception of limonin and nomilin in orange juice will help processors determine the final quality of juice made with fruit from groves infected with HLB . In a model solution, nomilin decreased the perception threshold of limonin. In orange juice, recognition thresholds were 4.7 and 2.6 mg/ L for limonin and nomilin, respectively, suggesting that orange juice containing such levels of these two compounds would taste bitter. As sucrose decreased bitterness perception of juice spiked with limonin and nomilin, blending with juice having higher sugar levels could be used for bitter off‐flavor management for juice made with fruit strongly affected by the disease.
Lumbar Pedicle Morphology and Vertebral Dimensions in Isthmic and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis—A Comparative Study (2021)

Understanding the differences in pedicle anatomy is important for the safe placement of pedicle screws.
Optimization of the Central Core of Indolinone–Acetic Acid-Based CRTH2 (DP2) Receptor Antagonists (2011)

New spiroindolinone antagonists of CRTH2 are described. Following identification of insufficient stability in human plasma as an important liability of the lead compounds, replacement of the spirosuccinimide core with a spirohydantoin or spiropyrrolidinone structure has yielded a compound that is fully stable in human plasma and with good potency in a human whole blood assay (IC50 = 69 nM) but shows a much lower oral bioavailability (6-9% in rodents) than the earlier compounds. Successive optimization aimed at restoring an acceptable oral bioavailability has yielded compound (S)-17a, which exhibits both stability in human plasma and a good oral bioavailability in rat (37%) and mouse (39%). This compound is also active in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation following oral dosing at 30 mg/kg.
Molecular Imaging Kits for Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway in Oncology (2012)

Noninvasive imaging assessment of tumor cell proliferation could be helpful in the evaluation of tumor growth potential, the degree of malignancy, and could provide an early assessment of treatment response prior to changes in tumor size determined by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Positron emission tomography (PET), Single-Photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or ultrasonography, respectfully. Understanding of tumor proliferative activity, in turn, could aid in the selection of optimal therapy by estimating patient prognosis and selecting the proper management. PET/CT imaging of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (FDG) is recognized as a technology for diagnosing the presence and extent of several cancer types. Recently, radiolabeled glucosamine analogues were introduced as a promising SPECT agent to complement FDG imaging to increase specificity and improve the accuracy of lesion size in oncology applications. Radiolabeled glucosamine analogues were developed to localize in the nuclear components of cells primarily via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway whereas glucose localizes in the cytoplasm of cells through the glycolytic/TCA pathway. This paper reviews novel kit-based radiolabeled glucosamine analogues for metabolic imaging of tumor lesions. The novel radiolabeled glucosamine analogues may increase the specificity in oncology applications and can influence patient diagnosis, planning and monitoring of cancer treatment.
Harnessing Monocytes for a Liposomal Rosiglitazone-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effect (2022)

&lt;img src=” https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/38312/large/prnano_842022.jpg?1663092842”&gt; Rosiglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug used for treating type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus with known anti-inflammatory properties, was withdrawn from the European market. The United States Food and Drug Administration has restricted its use due to its severe cardiovascular adverse effects. We hypothesized that rosiglitazone could be repurposed to provide safe anti-inflammatory therapy. By encapsulating the drug in liposomes internalized preferentially by circulating monocytes, monocytes’ inhibition can be achieved while avoiding the inherent systemic side effects. Rosig-litazone was loaded into empty liposomes by an active loading method. The formulation (LipRosi) was developed with desirable physicochemical properties promoting preferential monocyte internalization via membrane surface negative charge. Appropriate physicochemical properties include nano-size, low polydispersity index (PDI), high drug loading capacity, high encapsulation yield, and shelf-life stability. Further, these liposomes exhibited time- and con-centration-dependent uptake in a murine monocyte/macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). In addi-tion, LipRosi was found to be significantly more effective in depleting monocytes than drug-free liposomes and free drugs in solution. A cytotoxic effect on smooth muscle cells was only ob-served at the highest concentration examined and after an extended exposure time. In vivo stud-ies in rats demonstrated a time-dependent uptake by intact circulating white blood cells (WBC), primarily monocytes. Administration of 20 mg/kg LipRosi, injected on two consecutive days, achieved a therapeutic window of monocyte depletion after 24 hr. Of note, only a dismal dispo-sition of the formulation was detected in the heart. Since monocytes play a central role in the progression of inflammatory related-disorders, LipRosi could be found therapeutic for multiple disorders.
Towards Long Lifetime Battery: AI-Based Manufacturing and Management (2022)

Technologies that accelerate the delivery of reliable battery-based energy storage will not only contribute to decarbonization such as transportation electrification, smart grid, but also strengthen the battery supply chain. As battery inevitably ages with time, losing its capacity to store charge and deliver it efficiently. This directly affects battery safety and efficiency, making related health management necessary. Recent advancements in automation science and engineering raised interest in AI-based solutions to prolong battery lifetime from both manufacturing and management perspectives. This paper aims at presenting a critical review of the state-of-the-art AI-based manufacturing and management strategies towards long lifetime battery. First, AI-based battery manufacturing and smart battery to benefit battery health are showcased. Then the most adopted AI solutions for battery life diagnostic including state-of-health estimation and ageing prediction are reviewed with a discussion of their advantages and drawbacks. Efforts through designing suitable AI solutions to enhance battery longevity are also presented. Finally, the main challenges involved and potential strategies in this field are suggested. This work will inform insights into the feasible, advanced AI for the health-conscious manufacturing, control and optimization of battery on different technology readiness levels.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Preparation of (S)‐(E)‐1‐(O‐Methylmandeloxy)butadiene. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimized GSE packet scheduling over DVB-S2 (2014)

The evolution of satellite communication towards packet-based communication and the adoption of modern physical layer techniques, such as Adaptive Coding and Modulation, raise new issues, brought by this variability, for scheduling algorithms. This paper addresses the problem of GSE packets scheduling over DVB-S2 with QoS support by adopting a utility-based scheduling strategy. Utility functions are considered as a mean to encompass parameters from several layers into a single scheduling process. By making use of a first-order approximation, a low complexity scheduling algorithm is derived from the utility functions optimization problem, adaptable to a wide range of functions. The algorithm determines the characteristics of the next BBFrame to be send, and which GSE packets it should contain. We focus particularly on delay as a joint metric to represent QoS requirements, and assess the performance of our algorithm and the relevance of our assumptions using comparative simulations.
New Hybrid Hole Cleaning Model for Vertical and Deviated Wells (2019)

Abstract Drilled cuttings transportation from the bottom hole to the surface to maintain efficient hole cleaning is a challenging issue while drilling vertical, deviated, high angle, and extended reach wells. This is attributed to the huge number of the parameters affecting the ability of the drilling fluid to leave the drilled solids. Drilling fluid rheology, density, and flowrate, hole size, drill pipe size, hole inclination, and rate of penetration are all confirmed experimentally to affect the effectiveness of the drilling mud to lift the fluid and keep a clean hole. Several parameters were developed earlier to account for the hole cleaning conditions, most of these parameters lake to including many of the parameters influencing the hole cleaning conditions. In this study, a new hole cleaning parameter was developed, which is called hole cleaning factor (HCF). The HCF parameter was developed based on the cutting carrying index (CCI) parameter, and it considered the effect of the drilling fluid rheology, density, and flowrate, the hole size, drill pipe size, hole inclination, and rate of penetration to identify the hole cleaning condition. The HCF model was applied in an oil well from North Africa to predict the hole cleaning condition at different 135 points where the depth ranges from 33 to 12,854 ft. The outcomes of the HCF were well correlated with the real-field scenarios, where the crew members faced by erratic torque with differentiation in drilling parameters resulting in worst stuck pipe conditions at the same depths as predicted by the HCF parameter. The developed HCF model will help the drilling engineers to avoid many issues while drilling such as cutting accumulation and drill pipe sticking. The predictability of the HCF model was compared with commercially available software, and the results indicated a good match between the predictability of the HCF model and the commercial software.
A memory-based, arbitrarily adjustable CMOS digital delay circuit (1987)

Many important fields for the application of semiconductor ICs (e.g. digital communication networks, factory automation, office automation) are governed by processing digital data streams. Often these data streams are split into parts, which are processed separately. Afterwards usually synchronization is necessary, because different latencies occur in each processing unit. A delay circuit, which is adjustable within wide boundaries and applicable to a wide frequency range, would be useful for these applications. A recent paper describes the realization of an adjustable delay circuit with a misted shift register and CCD approach. Application is however restricted to the audio range. Circuits which operate up to the video range offer only a small programming range and usually have a high power dissipation. In this paper a memory-based concept for an arbitrarily adjustable, digital delay circuit and an experimental CMOS chip are presented. The basic idea of our solution is to replace the data shifting as in shift registers or CCD solutions by the shifting of a pointer to the wordlines of a memory. Only a small percentage of the data are shifted in addition, to ensure simple control circuitry for the programmable delay. The 60k-transistor chip can be programmed via a 12bit programming word, to realize any delay from 1 to 4096 clock cycles for a 4bit wide data word. Correct operation has been verified in the range from 3 kHz to 30 MHz. Thus the circuit is suited for audio as well as video applications.