gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase 2 single-arm study on the efficacy and safety of niraparib in Japanese patients with heavily pretreated, homologous recombination-deficient ovarian cancer (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03759600.
Silicon nanomembrane phototransistor flipped with multifunctional sensors toward smart digital dust (2020)

The sensing module that converts physical or chemical stimuli into electrical signals is the core of future smart electronics in the post-Moore era. Challenges lie in the realization and integration of different detecting functions on a single chip. We propose a new design of on-chip construction for low-power consumption sensor, which is based on the optoelectronic detection mechanism with external stimuli and compatible with CMOS technology. A combination of flipped silicon nanomembrane phototransistors and stimuli-responsive materials presents low-power consumption (CMOS level) and demonstrates great functional expansibility of sensing targets, e.g., hydrogen concentration and relative humidity. With a device-first, wafer-compatible process introduced for large-scale silicon flexible electronics, our work shows great potential in the development of flexible and integrated smart sensing systems for the realization of Internet of Things applications.
Towards single molecule detection using photoacoustic microscopy (2013)

Recently, a number of optical imaging modalities have achieved single molecule sensitivity, including photothermal imaging, stimulated emission microscopy, ground state depletion microscopy, and transmission microscopy. These optical techniques are based on optical absorption contrast, extending single-molecule detection to non-fluorescent chromophores. Photoacoustics is a hybrid technique that utilizes optical excitation and ultrasonic detection, allowing it to scale both the optical and acoustic regimes with 100% sensitivity to optical absorption. However, the sensitivity of photoacoustics is limited by thermal noise, inherent in the medium itself in the form of acoustic black body radiation. In this paper, we investigate the molecular sensitivity of photoacoustics in the context of the thermal noise limit. We show that single molecule sensitivity is achievable theoretically at room temperature for molecules with sufficiently fast relaxation times. Hurdles to achieve single molecule sensitivity in practice include development of detection schemes that work at short working distance, &lt;100 microns, high frequency, &lt;100 MHz, and low loss, &lt;10 dB.
Large lexicons for natural language processing: utilising the grammar coding system of LDOCE (1987)

This article focusses on the derivation of large lexicons for natural language processing. We describe the development of a dictionary support environment linking a restructured version of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English to natural language processing systems. The process of restructuring the information in the machine readable version of the dictionary is discussed. The Longman grammar code system is used to construct 'theory neutral' lexical entries. We demonstrate how such lexical entries can be put to practical use by linking up the system described here with the experimental PATR-II grammar development environment. Finally, we offer an evaluation of the utility of the grammar coding system for use by automatic natural language parsing systems.
A modified video codec for MBMS applications (2005)

Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) is currently being standardized by the 3GPP. The MBMS services will enable new class of applications with efficient use of spectrum. MBMS also poses a new set of requirements on video coding and delivery. In this paper we present a short overview of MBMS and a video codec designed for MBMS. The proposed video codec addresses the two key issues in video delivery over MBMS: 1) error resilience and 2) resource adaptive playback. We show that the proposed codec is simple to implement on low-resource terminals such as mobile phones and outperforms MPEG-4 SP coding under lossy conditions.
Preoperative Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery Compared With Primary Surgery in Resectable Stage I (Except T1N0), II, and IIIa Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2002)

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether preoperative chemotherapy (PCT) could improve survival in resectable stage I (except T1N0), II, and IIIA non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized trial compared PCT to primary surgery (PRS). PCT consisted of two cycles of mitomycin (6 mg/m 2 , day 1), ifosfamide (1.5 g/m 2 , days 1 to 3) and cisplatin (30 mg/m 2 , days 1 to 3), and two additional postoperative cycles for responding patients. In both arms, patients with pT3 or pN2 disease received thoracic radiotherapy. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-five eligible patients were randomized. Overall response to PCT was 64%. There were two preoperative toxic deaths. Postoperative mortality was 6.7% in the PCT arm and 4.5% in the PRS arm (P = .38). Median survival was 37 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.7 to 48.3) for PCT and 26.0 months (95% CI, 19.8 to 33.6) for PRS (P = .15). Survival differences between both arms increased from 3.8% (95% CI, 1.3% to 25.1%) at 1 year to 8.6% (95% CI, 2.64% to 24.4%) at 4 years. A quantitative interaction between N status and treatment was observed, with benefit confined to N0 to N1 disease (relative risk [RR], 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.96; P = .027). After a nonsignificant excess of deaths during treatment, the effect of PCT was significantly favorable on survival (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.99; P = .044). Disease-free survival time was significantly longer in the PCT arm (P = .033). CONCLUSION: Although impressive differences in median, 3-year, and 4-year survival were observed, they were not statistically significant, except for stage I and II disease.
Surface Reconstruction based on Lower Dimensional Localized Delaunay Triangulation (2000)

We present a fast, memory efficient algorithm that generates a manifold triangular mesh S passing through a set of unorganized points P R 3 . Nothing is assumed about the geometry, topology or presence of boundaries in the data set except that P is sampled from a real manifold surface. The speed of our algorithm is derived from a projection‐based approach we use to determine the incident faces on a point. We define our sampling criteria to sample the surface and guarantee a topologically correct mesh after surface reconstruction for such a sampled surface. We also present a new algorithm to find the normal at a vertex, when the surface is sampled according our given criteria. We also present results of our surface reconstruction using our algorithm on unorganized point clouds of various models.
3-Fluoroazetidinecarboxylic Acids and trans,trans-3,4-Difluoroproline as Peptide Scaffolds: Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth by a Fluoroazetidine Iminosugar (2015)

Reverse aldol opening renders amides of 3-hydroxyazetidinecarboxylic acids (3-OH-Aze) unstable above pH 8. Aze, found in sugar beet, is mis-incorporated for proline in peptides in humans and is associated with multiple sclerosis and teratogenesis. Aze-containing peptides may be oxygenated by prolyl hydroxylases resulting in potential damage of the protein by a reverse aldol of the hydroxyazetidine; this, rather than changes in conformation, may account for the deleterious effects of Aze. This paper describes the synthesis of 3-fluoro-Aze amino acids as hydroxy-Aze analogues which are not susceptible to aldol cleavage. 4-(Azidomethyl)-3-fluoro-Aze and 3,4-difluoroproline are new peptide building blocks. trans,trans-2,4-Dihydroxy-3-fluoroazetidine, an iminosugar, inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells to a similar degree as gemcitabine.
A Novel Chymotrypsin-Like Serine Proteinase from Human Lung (1993)

A novel chymotrypsin-like serine proteinase with an M(r) of 30,000 has been isolated from human lung tissue. The enzyme was active on both the synthetic substrate Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-SBzl and azocasein, with a pH optimum of 8.0 and a preference for high concentrations of NaCl for maximum activity. The proteinase was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, tosyl-phenylalanyl-chloromethane, chymostatin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and alpha-2-macroglobulin. It was not inhibited by C-1 inhibitor or aprotinin. An N-terminal sequence of IIGGTESKPDSRPYMALLQIVEPAVH indicated that this enzyme is a member of a superfamily of serine proteinases comprising cathepsin G, chymase, and the granzymes; however, it is clearly distinct from these enzymes on the basis of both physical and chemical properties.
Prospective comparison of PI‐RADS version 2 and qualitative in‐house categorization system in detection of prostate cancer (2018)

1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1326-1335.
An Autonomous Diagnostics and Prognostics Framework for Condition-Based Maintenance (2006)

This paper presents an innovative on-line approach for autonomous diagnostics and prognostics. It overcomes limitations of current diagnostics and prognostics technology by developing a "generic" framework that is relatively independent of the type of physical equipment under consideration. Proposed diagnostics and prognostics framework (DPF) is based on unsupervised learning methods (reducing the need for human intervention). The procedures used in DPF are designed to temporally evolve the critical parameters with monitoring experience for enhanced diagnostic/prognostic accuracy (a critical ability for mass deployment of the technology on a variety of equipment/ hardware without needing extensive initial tune-up). This framework is currently under deployment in a major automotive manufacturing plant in Michigan, USA. Results from this pilot program to date are very satisfactory.
Phase noise characteristics of millimeter waves generated by Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator (2010)

We demonstrate low phase noise characteristics of millimeter (MM) waves using Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator. MM waves are generated by beating optical two modes extracted from a comb signal. The rms phase noise of the signal measured at 37.5 GHz was 0.02 rad.
Terahertz Chirp Generation Using Frequency Stitched VCSELs for Increased LIDAR Resolution (2012)

We stitch the frequency chirps of two vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers in a frequency-modulated imaging experiment at 1550nm. The effective frequency excursion is 1 THz, corresponding to a free-space axial resolution of 150 micrometers.
Optimizing Near-ML MIMO Detector for SDR Baseband on Parallel Programmable Architectures (2008)

ML and near-ML MIMO detectors have attracted a lot of interest in recent years. However, almost all the reported implementations are delivered in ASICs or FPGAs. Our contribution is optimizing the near-ML MIMO detector for parallel programmable architectures, such as those with ILP and DLP features. In the proposed SSFE (selective spanning with fast enumeration), architecture-friendliness is explicitly introduced from the very beginning of the design flow. Importantly, high level algorithmic transformations make the dataflow pattern and structure fit architecture-characteristics very well. We enable abundant vector-parallelism with highly regular and deterministic dataflow in the SSFE; memory rearrangements, shuffling and non-predictable dynamism are all elaborately excluded. Hence, the SSFE can be easily parallelized and efficiently mapped onto ILP and DLP architectures. Furthermore, to fine-tune the SSFE on parallel architectures, extensive pre-compiler transformations are applied with the help of the application-level information. These optimize not only computation-operations but also address-generations and memory-accesses. Experiments show that the SSFE brings very efficient resource-utilizations on real-life VLIW architectures. Specifically, with the SSFE the percentage of NOPs instructions on VLIW is below 1%, even better than that achieved by the software-pipelined FFT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported work about comprehensive optimizations of near-ML MIMO detectors for parallel programmable architectures.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Pharmacological Inhibition of the Protein Kinase MRK/ZAK Radiosensitizes Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Lack of radiosensitization of M443 on normal brain cells.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Potential Cytotoxic Activity of New Phenanthrylphenol‐Pyrrolobenzodiazepines. (2010)

Abstract The potential of title compounds (V) as anticancer agents is evaluated.
Operando Analysis of Thermal Runaway in Lithium Ion Battery during Nail-Penetration Test Using an X-ray Inspection System (2019)

The thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery (LIB) during a nail-penetration test was investigated using an LIB internal short circuit observation system equipped with an X-ray scanner (LiSC scanner). Using high-speed moving images and high-precision voltage measurements, the layer-by-layer internal short circuit caused by the nail was clearly observed during nail motion. Following this motion, gas generation outside the cell, which is well-known in thermal runaway, was observed. The main causes of smoke are speculated to be the boiling of the electrolyte and/or decomposition of the active materials owing to heating by the short circuit current. The initial behavior of the short circuit before gas generation was clearly observed. Therefore, gas generation, which is well-known to indicate an internal short circuit of the cell, and the electrical behavior of the short circuit during the nail-penetration test were observed separately. This LiSC scanner allowed us to analyze the details of the internal short circuit of the cell, and it is expected to lead to significant advancements in the safety of LIBs.
Increased 90-Day Mortality in Patients With Acute Heart Failure With Elevated Copeptin (2011)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00537628.
Leukotriene D4 treatment of bovine aortic endothelial cells and murine smooth muscle cells in culture results in an increase in phospholipase A2 activity. (1986)

Leukotriene D4 stimulates prostanoid synthesis in smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Because phospholipases A2 and C have been proposed to regulate prostanoid synthesis, we examined the effect of leukotriene D4 on these activities. Leukotriene D4 treatment resulted in a dose-dependent, stereospecific increase in phospholipase A2 activity with phosphatidylcholine as a substrate. The induction of phospholipase A2 activity occurred just prior to the appearance of prostanoids in the media. Protein and RNA synthesis were required for the increase in phospholipase A2 activity, and the increase in activity resulted from an increase in the apparent Vmax of the phospholipase A2 enzyme. Phospholipase C activity using various substrates was unchanged. We conclude that the increase in prostanoid synthesis observed after leukotriene D4 treatment is a result of an increase in a phospholipase A2 activity.
Portable Electromagnetic Induction Sensor with Integrated Positioning (2012)

Abstract : SERDP project MR-1712 entitled Portable Electromagnetic Induction Sensor with Integrated Positioning is complete. This report contains the final design, engineering challenges, modeling advancements, data analysis, and results from Aberdeen Proving Ground tests which resulted from this project. The instrument developed under this project is call Pedemis (PortablE Decoupled Electromagnetic Induction Sensor). The instrument was conceived of as a sensor which combined the advantages of both the larger cart mounted sensors and the smaller handheld sensors. Pedemis is transported by one or two people and has nine transmitters and nine triaxial receivers with the receiver array being physically decoupled from the transmitter array leading to deployment and operational flexibility. The controlling electronics of Pedemis are lighter and more efficient than prior advanced electromagnetic induction instruments. We applied the Orthonormalized Volume Magnetic Source method (ONVMS) technique and the Joint Diagonalization (JD) method to data acquired with Pedemis at Aberdeen proving ground. Aberdeen Proving Ground blind grid results are better than any previous results from any group and instrument at APG.
Measurement of surface microtopography (1991)

Acquisition of ground truth data for use in microwave interaction modeling requires measurement of surface roughness sampled at intervals comparable to a fraction of the microwave wavelength and extensive enough to adequately represent the statistics of a surface unit. Sub-centimetric measurement accuracy is thus required over large areas, and existing techniques are usually inadequate. A technique is discussed for acquiring the necessary photogrammetric data using twin film cameras mounted on a helicopter. In an attempt to eliminate tedious data reduction, an automated technique was applied to the helicopter photographs, and results were compared to those produced by conventional stereogrammetry. Derived root-mean- square (RMS) roughness for the same stereo-pair was 7.5 cm for the automated technique versus 6.5 cm for the manual method. The principal source of error is probably due to vegetation in the scene, which affects the automated technique but is ignored by a human operator.
Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationship, and Biological Studies of Indolocarbazoles as Potent Cyclin D1-CDK4 Inhibitors (2003)

Novel substituted indolocarbazoles were synthesized, and their kinase inhibitory capability was evaluated in vitro. 6-Substituted indolocarbazoles 4 were found to be potent and selective D1/CDK4 inhibitors. 4d and 4h exhibited potent and ATP-competitive D1/CDK4 activities with IC50 values of 76 and 42 nM, respectively. Both compounds had high selectivity against the other kinases. These D1/CDK4 inhibitors inhibited tumor cell growth, arrested tumor cells at the G1 phase, and inhibited pRb phosphorylation.
ARMA parameter estimation using a novel recursive estimation algorithm with selective updating (1990)

The authors investigate an extension of a recursive estimation algorithm (the so-called optimal bounding ellipsoid or OBE algorithm) which features a discerning update strategy. In particular, an extension of the algorithm to ARMA (autoregressive moving-average) parameter estimation is presented along with a convergence analysis. The extension is similar to the extended least-squares (ELS) algorithm. However, the convergence analysis is complicated due to the discerning update strategy, which incorporates an information-dependent updating factor. The virtues of such an update strategy are more efficient use of the input data in terms of information processing and a modular adaptive filter structure which would facilitate the development of a parallel-pipelined signal processing architecture. It is shown that if the input noise is bounded and the moving-average parameters satisfy a certain magnitude bound, then the a posteriori prediction errors are uniformly bounded. With an additional persistence-of-excitation condition, the parameter estimates are shown to converge to a neighborhood of the true parameters, and the a priori prediction errors are shown to be asymptotically bounded. Simulation results show that the parameter estimation error for the EOBE algorithm is comparable to that for the ELS algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Magnetic switching properties of magnetic tunnel junctions using a synthetic ferrimagnet free layer (2004)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using a synthetic ferrimagnet (SyF) free layer consisting of Co90Fe10/Ru/Co90Fe10 were deposited on a thermally oxidized Si substrate using an ultrahigh-vacuum sputtering system, and were patterned into micron to submicron sizes using electron-beam lithography and Ar ion milling. Magnetic switching properties and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) were investigated. A SyF free layer can maintain high remanence even for the aspect ratio of 1, and exhibits a size-independent switching field in all element widths from 0.25 to 16 μm investigated. Additionally, these MTJs show large TMR ratio up to 40% after annealing at 250 °C for 60 min. These results demonstrate that a SyF free layer can be applied to future spintronics nanodevices.
Nonlinear thermal effect on sub-gigahertz ferromagnetic resonance in magnetic tunnel junction (2013)

Sub-gigahertz ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is investigated in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with small anisotropy fields. Distinct FMR spectra down to 0.36 GHz are obtained by applying an external field that cancels out the anisotropy. A macrospin model simulation reveals that the difficulty in obtaining a smaller frequency excitation is not due to a magnetization inhomogeneity mainly attributed to domain creation but to a nonlinear thermal effect. The results indicate that anisotropy engineering through interfacial magnetic anisotropy together with voltage control will assist in realizing MTJs for low-frequency spin-torque devices.
A Systematic Approach to Spinal Reconstruction after Anterior Decompression for Neoplastic Disease of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine (1993)

The anterior approach to the thoracic and lumbar spine for neoplastic disease is now a well-accepted procedure, with results, for the most part, superior to those achieved with laminectomy. However, the specific indications for anterior decompression and the selection of reconstruction techniques based on the location and extent of bony destruction have received surprisingly little attention. The authors report their experience with the operative management of 33 patients with benign and malignant tumors of the thoracic and lumbar spine, using the anterior transthoracic or retroperitoneal approach. The role of stabilization and the relative indications for anterior or posterior instrumentation are emphasized. The mean age of patients was 58 years. Twenty-three patients were male. Five patients had benign tumors, and the remainder had a variety of metastatic lesions. Twenty-nine patients had lower extremity motor deficits, although 25 were ambulatory preoperatively. Thirty-seven noncontiguous resections were performed in 33 patients. In 13 patients, the resected vertebral body was replaced with acrylic or bone without instrumentation; in 18, the acrylic was supplemented with anterior instrumentation; and in 6, both anterior and posterior instrumentation were used. Above T11, vertebral reconstruction techniques were used to restore stability after decompression. Between T11 and L4, anterior instrumentation was used to supplement vertebral reconstruction in all patients. Supplemental posterior instrumentation was used for three-column involvement. Motor function was stabilized or improved in 94% of patients, and 88% of patients were ambulatory postoperatively. Of 28 patients with malignant disease, 23 died after a mean survival of 10.2 months (range, 2-51 mo) and 5 are alive a mean of 34.4 months since their operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A framework for detecting selfish misbehavior in wireless mesh community networks (2009)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently emerged as a flexible and low-cost extension of wired infrastructure networks. They consist of mesh routers and clients, where mesh routers are almost static and form the backbone of the WMN.