gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channel Access Acquisition Mechanism Coupled with Cellular Network for Unlicensed Spectrum (2015)

Interworking among heterogeneous wireless networks across licensed and unlicensed spectra has gained much attention to support the surge in mobile traffic. Wireless LAN (WLAN) is well known as the dominant wireless network application in the unlicensed spectrum. Unlicensed spectrum access should follow carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) to share the wireless resource with existing WLAN nodes. However, the transmission throughput with CSMA/CA can be significantly degraded by the hidden terminal problem in environments where huge mobile traffic depletes the wireless resources. In this paper, we propose a channel access acquisition mechanism that uses licensed spectrum access. The proposed mechanism significantly reduces the impact of the hidden terminal problem by using both transmission and reception opportunities. So that the receiver can efficiently get reception opportunities, the information on the user data waiting at the transmitter is notified by using a licensed spectrum channel. Computer simulations show that the proposed access mechanism enables robust transmission even if the wireless resource at the receiver is depleted by transmission from nodes hidden from the transmitter.
Improved Embeddability for Polymeric Bearing Overlays (2016)

Recent engine developments toward higher loads (down-sizing) and thinner oil films have increased the severity of plain bearing operating conditions [1]. These factors, combined with lower viscosity oils, have resulted in a greater sensitivity of bearings to damage by foreign debris particles. Traditional highly embeddable materials, such as lead, are being progressively phased out. This lead-free trend observed in the passenger car market is likely to spread to the truck market in the future. As a result, it is becoming increasingly challenging to balance the conflicting hard and soft requirements of bearing materials. Although new generations of bearing materials, particularly polymeric overlays, have shown excellent fatigue and wear capabilities [2], they would benefit from enhanced embeddability properties. This demand has led MAHLE to take a new approach with the development of a polymeric overlay material that has both hard and soft characteristics. This newly developed soft-phase copolymer resin has been synthesized from monomers selected to give the desired properties. Conventional polyamide-imide (PAI) monomers have been combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) macromonomers. PDMS was selected to improve embeddability as it is softer and offers more flexibility than PAI. Via a polymerization reaction, chains of hard, fatigue resistant PAI are alternately combined with short chains of PDMS. This produces a polymer matrix which has a very fine distribution of soft phase due to the microphase segregation created as the soft and hard segments of neighboring polymer chains preferentially align with each other [3,4]. The relative lengths of the hard and soft sections can be “tuned” to produce domains of differing size and therefore adjust the balance of properties. Experiments have been carried out varying the overall percentage of PDMS and also with the molecular weight of the PDMS segments. Initial embeddability testing has shown an improvement in embedment over current polymer products and further work is ongoing to optimize this new resin system.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazolidinones, Dihydrofuranones, and Pyrrolidinones as Inactivators and Substrates of Monoamine Oxidase B: Approaches to the Design of Antiparkinsonian Agents (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Minimizing total harmonic distortion in a multi-level based WPT system (2017)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are controlled using phase-shift modulation to reduce switching losses that incur due to high frequency operation. In high power WPT systems, multi-level converters are employed to further reduce switching and conduction losses as well as device ratings, caused by harmonics. However, the level of harmonic distortion of such systems will depend largely on the depth of phase modulation of each level, and the optimum depth of each phase-shift at which the harmonic distortion becomes minimum for a given amount of power is yet to be found. This paper therefore proposes a methodology to obtain an explicit analytical expression for total harmonic distortion in multi-level WPT systems in terms of phase-shifts. Using the proposed methodology, harmonic distortion of a bi-directional hybrid multi-level WPT system is analysed, and results are presented, bench marking against conventional techniques, to demonstrate how the harmonic distortion can be minimized through appropriate selection of phase-shifts.
γ-Glutamyl Hydrolase from Human Sarcoma HT-1080 Cells: Characterization and Inhibition by Glutamine Antagonists (1997)

Elevated gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) activity as a contributing factor in mechanisms of acquired and intrinsic antifolate resistance has been reported for several cultured cell lines. Despite this, little is known about this enzyme, especially the human species. Using the human HT-1080 sarcoma line, we observed the secretion of GGH activity into media during culture (a phenomenon that could be markedly stimulated by exposure to NH4Cl) and an acidic pH optimum for in vitro catalytic activity of the enzyme. These properties are consistent with a lysosomal location for the enzyme. Unlike rodent GGH, preparations of HT-1080 enzyme (purified < or = 2000-fold) displayed exopeptidase activity in cleaving successive end-terminal gamma-glutamyl groups from poly-L-gamma-glutamyl derivatives of folate, methotrexate (MTX), and para-aminobenzoic acid substrates and a marked preference for long-chain polyglutamates (Km values for glu4 versus glu1 derivatives were 17- and 15-fold lower for folate and MTX versions, respectively). Using an in vitro assay screen, several glutamine antagonists [i.e., 6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucine (DON), acivicin, and azaserine] were identified as human GGH inhibitors, with DON being the most potent and displaying time-dependent inhibition. In cell culture experiments, simultaneous exposure of DON (10 microM) and [3H]MTX for 24 hr resulted in modest elevations of the long-chain gamma-glutamyl derivatives of the antifolate for HT-1080 and another human sarcoma line. These compounds may serve as useful lead compounds in the development of specific GGH inhibitors for use in examining the relationship between GGH activity and antifolate action and may potentially be used in clinical combination with antifolates that require polyglutamylation for effective cellular retention.
Experimental Functionality Development for Scratch Mathematical and Statistics Extensions (2016)

Computer science education is to teach students to solve problems, design systems, provoke creativity, and explore their own interest by using basic concepts of computer science. From science to the humanities, mathematics and logical thinking ability also affect every aspect of computer science education. To foster mathematics logical thinking and problem-solving ability in primary and secondary schools, students not only require to learn to read, writing, and arithmetic, but also need to understand the abstraction of mathematics operations and logical thinking processes. Therefore, this study uses visual programming language as a basis, i.e. Scratch 2.0 offline edition, to introduce abstraction of mathematics operations. Scratch 2.0 can empower learners using graphical elements to solve mathematics problems with a smooth learning curve through user-friendly programming interface. However, the latest version of Scratch 2.0 does not include enough functions for abstracting mathematical blocks. Consequently, this study integrates Scratch programming environment with math library of Python language to expand functionality and improve usability of Scratch. Moreover, learners are expected to learn and practice more about mathematical thinking through those additional Scratch building blocks.
Poly(ε-caprolactone) Biocomposites Based on Acetylated Cellulose Fibers and Wet Compounding for Improved Mechanical Performance (2018)

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a ductile thermoplastic, which is biodegradable in the marine environment. Limitations include low strength, petroleum-based origin, and comparably high cost. Cellulose fiber reinforcement is therefore of interest although uniform fiber dispersion is a challenge. In this study, a one-step wet compounding is proposed to validate a sustainable and feasible method to improve the dispersion of the cellulose fibers in hydrophobic polymer matrix as PCL, which showed to be insensitive to the presence of the water during the processing. A comparison between unmodified and acetylated cellulosic wood fibers is made to further assess the net effect of the wet feeding and chemical modification on the biocomposites properties, and the influence of acetylation on fiber structure is reported (ATR-FTIR, XRD). Effects of processing on nanofibrillation, shortening, and dispersion of the cellulose fibers are assessed as well as on PCL molar mass. Mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, FE-SEM, and X-ray tomography is used to characterize composites. With the addition of 20 wt % cellulosic fibers, the Young’s modulus increased from 240 MPa (neat PCL) to 1850 MPa for the biocomposites produced by using the wet feeding strategy, compared to 690 MPa showed for the biocomposites produced using dry feeling. A wet feeding of acetylated cellulosic fibers allowed even a greater increase, with an additional 46% and 248% increase of the ultimate strength and Young’s modulus, when compared to wet feeding of the unmodified pulp, respectively.
Biological Response to Nano-Scale Titanium Dioxide (TiO2): Role of Particle Dose, Shape, and Retention (2013)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most widely used nanomaterials, valued for its highly refractive, photocatalytic, and pigmenting properties. TiO2 is also classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen. The objectives of this study were to (1) establish a lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL) for nano-scale TiO2, (2) determine TiO2 uptake in the lungs, and (3) estimate toxicity based on physicochemical properties and retention in the lungs. In vivo lung toxicity of nano-scale TiO2 using varying forms of well-characterized, highly dispersed TiO2 was assessed. Anatase/rutile P25 spheres (TiO2-P25), pure anatase spheres (TiO2-A), and anatase nanobelts (TiO2-NB) were tested. To determine the effects of dose and particle characteristics, male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered TiO2 (0, 20, 70, or 200 μg) via intratracheal instillation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were obtained for analysis 1 and 7 d post exposure. Despite abundant TiO2 inclusions in all exposed animals, only TiO2-NB displayed any significant degree of inflammation seen in BALF at the 1-d time point. This inflammation resolved by 7 d, although TiO2 particles had not cleared from alveolar macrophages recovered from the lung. Histological examination showed TiO2-NB produced cellular changes at d 1 that were still evident at d 7. Data indicate TiO2-NB is the most inflammatory with a LOEL of 200 μg at 1 d post instillation.
Coexistence of Localized and Extended States in Disordered Systems (2016)

It is commonly believed that Anderson localized states and extended states do not coexist at the same energy. Here we propose a simple mechanism to achieve the coexistence of localized and extended states in a band in a class of disordered quasi-1D and quasi-2D systems. The systems are partially disordered in a way that a band of extended states always exists, not affected by the randomness, whereas the states in all other bands become localized. The extended states can overlap with the localized states both in energy and in space, achieving the aforementioned coexistence. We demonstrate such coexistence in disordered multi-chain and multi-layer systems.
Supplementary Table 1 from Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase Suppresses Intestinal Adenomas in <i>Apc</i><sup>Min/+</sup> Mice (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase Suppresses Intestinal Adenomas in &lt;i&gt;Apc&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Min/+&lt;/sup&gt; Mice
Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia (2010)

See article in J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2010; 25: 453–468
The site of orientation integration (2010)

Purpose. We wanted to know if the site of orientation integration (Dakin, JOSA 2001) was at an early or late stage in the visual pathway relative to the site of binocular integration. Methods. We used a task in which subjects had to judge the mean orientation of an array of oriented Gabors. The Gabor orientations were samples from a Gaussian orientation distribution of variable bandwidth and mean that was left or right of vertical. The internal noise and number of samples were estimated from fitting a standard summation-variance model to the data. These orientation samples were either presented to one eye or to both eyes under dichoptic viewing. When presented to both eyes they could be in the same disparity plane or in different disparity planes. In some cases, signals of random orientation (termed noise) were added to the signal orientations in one or other of the above conditions. Results. Performance on this task depended on whether the signal and noise were presented in different disparity planes. Furthermore similar results were obtained for dichoptic and monoptic viewing conditions. Interestingly, noise significantly (p<0.05) disrupts performance when it is presented to the dominant eye, leading to higher thresholds, higher internal noise, and decreased sampling efficiency. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the site of orientation integration is not only after the site of binocular integration but also after the site where disparity is encoded. The finding that the effectiveness of noise depends on the eye to which it is presented, even though this information is not known to the subject, suggests that there are also monocular pathways through which this type of integration can occur although their sensitivity must be reduced compared with their binocular counterpart.
PEPTIDES DERIVED FROM RICE BRAN PROTECT CELLS FROM OBESITY AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (2012)

Bioactive food-derived peptides possess the ability to promote wellness through health benefits by reducing the risk of chronic complications including obesity or age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Their large demand in the global food market has promoted intense research on bioactive peptides able to prevent disease propagation. Our research involved in isolating and characterizing fractions of peptides from rice bran for possible inhibitory effects against Alzheimer's and obesity. Minimal hydrolysis and gastrointestinal juices treatment followed by fractionation resulted in 5 and 5-10kDa fractions. With 5 and 5-10kDa fractions, preadipocytes showed differentiation and proliferation (60%) significantly compared to undifferentiated cells (controls) (25%). Approximately 35% reduction in cytotoxicity of amyloid-induced neuroblastoma cells was observed with peptide fractions, 5 and 5-10kDa compared to the cytotoxicity observed with amyloid-induced cells (control) that were not treated with peptides. A pentapeptide, Glu-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg (EQRPR) was characterized from the 5kDa fraction showing bioactive effects. It showed nearly 70% adipocyte viability more than control possibly signifying insulin-like differentiation to confer protective role against obesity. It also showed nearly 45% reduction in cell cytotoxicity on amyloid-induced neuronal cells. An efficient and reproducible biocatalytic technology to utilize underutilized co-product such as rice bran to produce anti-Alzheimer's and anti-obese value-added bioactive peptide has been established. This should promote further research as applicable to food industry as a natural nutraceutical ingredient.
Distillation process using microchannel technology (2023)

The disclosed invention relates to a distillation process for separating two or more components having different volatilities from a liquid mixture containing the components. The process employs microchannel technology for effecting the distillation and is particularly suitable for conducting difficult separations, such as the separation of ethane from ethylene, wherein the individual components are characterized by having volatilities that are very close to one another.
High-Impact Polystyrene Reinforced with Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Filament for Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing (2021)

Graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO), due to their properties, have been enjoying great interest for over two decades, particularly in the context of additive manufacturing (AM) applications in recent years. High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) is a polymer used in 3D printing technology due to its high dimensional stability, low cost, and ease of processing. However, the ongoing development of AM creates the need to produce modern feedstock materials with better properties and functionality. This can be achieved by introducing reduced graphene oxide into the polymer matrix. In this study, printable composite filaments were prepared and characterized in terms of morphology and thermal and mechanical properties. Among the obtained HIPS/rGO composites, the filament containing 0.5 wt% of reduced graphene oxide had the best mechanical properties. Its tensile strength increased from 19.84 to 22.45 MPa, for pure HIPS and HIPS-0.5, respectively. Furthermore, when using the HIPS-0.5 filament in the printing process, no clogging of the nozzle was observed, which may indicate good dispersion of the rGO in the polymer matrix.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Long-term Follow-up and Correlative Analysis of Two Phase II Trials of Rituximab and Lenalidomide Followed by Continuous Lenalidomide in Untreated and Relapsed/Refractory Indolent Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gating strategy for analysis of live lymphocytes.&lt;/p&gt;
Electronic line-shafting control for paper machine drives (2001)

The current synchronized motion control methods used in paper machine drives are not designed to possess the inter-shaft stiffness properties which were responsible for the coordinating force inherent in classical, mechanically coupled paper machines. Consequently, these controllers cannot easily maintain coordination for all operating conditions. This paper presents the application of an "electronic line-shafting" control technique which serves to replicate and even improve on the historical, mechanical line-shafted properties. This technique was tested on a four-shaft experimental setup to evaluate such control during periods of drive-limited torque as well as sectional drive load disturbances. The experimental results demonstrate that the "electronic line-shafting" technique significantly improves the coordination, robustness, and overall stability of paper machine drives subjected to realistic physical limitations.
Does magnetization in thin-film manganates suggest the existence of magnetic clusters? (1996)

We report results of quantitative magnetization studies on epitaxial thin films of La0.60Y0.07Ca0.33MnO3−δ and La1−x⧠xMnO3−δ, with ⧠ standing for vacancy on the La site. The magnetization in all samples shows significant field dependent broadening of the ferromagnetic transition. Classical mean-field analysis of magnetization data in applied fields above a few Tesla leads to a magnetic cluster size of the order of a few unit cells. The density of such a magnetic cluster correlates with the doping concentration x in the compound series La1−x⧠xMnO3−δ. In thin films of La0.60Y0.07Ca0.33MnO3−δ, a magnetic field dependent, non-Curie–Weiss susceptibility was found in the paramagnetic state, indicating local ferromagnetic cluster formation above macroscopic ferromagnetic ordering temperature.
Mobile WiMAX : a systems approach to understanding the IEEE 802.16m radio access network (2010)

Presenting the new IEEE 802.16m standard, this is the first book to take a systematic, top-down approach to describing Mobile WiMAX and its next generation, giving detailed algorithmic descriptions together with explanations of the principles behind the operation of individual air-interface protocols and network components. It features a systematic and detailed, top-down approach to the design of 4G cellular systems based on IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE/LTE-Advanced technologies. It offers a systematic approach to understanding IEEE 802.16m radio access network and mobile WiMAX network architecture and protocols. This is the first comprehensive technical reference on the design, development and performance evaluation of IMT-Advanced systems, including the theoretical background and design principles as well as implementation considerations. About the author: The author, chief architect and technical lead of the IEEE 802.16m project at Intel Corporation, initiated and masterminded the development of the IEEE 802.16m standard and has been one of the leading technical drivers in its standardization process in IEEE. The author was also a leading technical contributor to the definition and development of requirements and evaluation methodology for the IMT-Advanced systems in ITU-R. Reflecting the author's 20+ years expertise and experience, the book provides an in-depth, systematic and structured technical reference for professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students working in cellular communication systems, radio air-interface technologies, cellular communications protocols, advanced radio access technologies for 4G systems, and broadband cellular standards.
CXCL2-CXCR2 axis mediates αV integrin-dependent peritoneal metastasis of colon cancer cells (2021)

Peritoneal metastasis is an insidious aspect of colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to define mechanisms regulating colon cancer cell adhesion and spread to peritoneal wounds after abdominal surgery. Mice was laparotomized and injected intraperitoneally with CT-26 colon carcinoma cells and metastatic noduli in the peritoneal cavity was quantified after treatment with a CXCR2 antagonist or integrin-αV-antibody. CT-26 cells expressed cell surface chemokine receptors CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR5. Stimulation with the CXCR2 ligand, CXCL2, dose-dependently increased proliferation and migration of CT-26 cells in vitro. The CXCR2 antagonist, SB225002, dose-dependently decreased CXCL2-induced proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration of CT-26 colon cancer cells resulted in wide-spread growth of metastatic nodules at the peritoneal surface of laparotomized animals. Laparotomy increased gene expression of CXCL2 at the incisional line. Pretreatment with CXCR2 antagonist reduced metastatic nodules by 70%. Moreover, stimulation with CXCL2 increased CT-26 cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in a CXCR2-dependent manner. CT-26 cells expressed the αV, β1 and β3 integrin subunits and immunoneutralization of αV abolished CXCL2-triggered adhesion of CT-26 to vitronectin, fibronectin and fibrinogen. Finally, inhibition of the αV integrin significantly attenuated the number of carcinomatosis nodules by 69% in laparotomized mice. These results were validated by use of the human colon cancer cell line HT-29 in vitro. Our data show that colon cancer cell adhesion and growth on peritoneal wound sites is mediated by a CXCL2-CXCR2 signaling axis and αV integrin-dependent adhesion to ECM proteins.