gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of noninvasive pulse transit time estimates as markers of blood pressure using invasive pulse transit time measurements as a reference (2016)

Pulse transit time (PTT) measured as the time delay between invasive proximal and distal blood pressure (BP) or flow waveforms (invasive PTT [I-PTT]) tightly correlates with BP PTT estimated as the time delay between noninvasive proximal and distal arterial waveforms could therefore permit cuff-less BP monitoring. A popular noninvasive PTT estimate for this application is the time delay between ECG and photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms (pulse arrival time [PAT]). Another estimate is the time delay between proximal and distal PPG waveforms (PPG-PTT). PAT and PPG-PTT were assessed as markers of BP over a wide physiologic range using I-PTT as a reference. Waveforms for determining I-PTT, PAT, and PPG-PTT through central arteries were measured from swine during baseline conditions and infusions of various hemodynamic drugs. Diastolic, mean, and systolic BP varied widely in each subject (group average (mean ± SE) standard deviation between 25 ± 2 and 36 ± 2 mmHg). I-PTT correlated well with all BP levels (group average R(2) values between 0.86 ± 0.03 and 0.91 ± 0.03). PPG-PTT also correlated well with all BP levels (group average R(2) values between 0.81 ± 0.03 and 0.85 ± 0.02), and its R(2) values were not significantly different from those of I-PTT PAT correlated best with systolic BP (group average R(2) value of 0.70 ± 0.04), but its R(2) values for all BP levels were significantly lower than those of I-PTT (P < 0.005) and PPG-PTT (P < 0.02). The pre-ejection period component of PAT was responsible for its inferior correlation with BP In sum, PPG-PTT was not different from I-PTT and superior to the popular PAT as a marker of BP.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLOADDITIONS TO 2‐PHENYLBENZOTHIAZOLE (1981)

Abstract Das unsubstituierte Benzothiazol (Ia) ist in Gegenwart von Olefinen photochemisch stabil, während aus dem 2‐Phenyl‐ Derivat (Ib) mit Ethylvinylether (II) ein Addukt (III) entsteht, das zu (IV) gespalten wird.
Hyperspectral Computed Tomographic Imaging Spectroscopy of Vascular Oxygen Gradients in the Rabbit Retina In Vivo (2011)

Diagnosis of retinal vascular diseases depends on ophthalmoscopic findings that most often occur after severe visual loss (as in vein occlusions) or chronic changes that are irreversible (as in diabetic retinopathy). Despite recent advances, diagnostic imaging currently reveals very little about the vascular function and local oxygen delivery. One potentially useful measure of vascular function is measurement of hemoglobin oxygen content. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel method of accurately, rapidly and easily measuring oxygen saturation within retinal vessels using in vivo imaging spectroscopy. This method uses a commercially available fundus camera coupled to two-dimensional diffracting optics that scatter the incident light onto a focal plane array in a calibrated pattern. Computed tomographic algorithms are used to reconstruct the diffracted spectral patterns into wavelength components of the original image. In this paper the spectral components of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin are analyzed from the vessels within the image. Up to 76 spectral measurements can be made in only a few milliseconds and used to quantify the oxygen saturation within the retinal vessels over a 10-15 degree field. The method described here can acquire 10-fold more spectral data in much less time than conventional oximetry systems (while utilizing the commonly accepted fundus camera platform). Application of this method to animal models of retinal vascular disease and clinical subjects will provide useful and novel information about retinal vascular disease and physiology.
Improving characterization of understudied human microbiomes using targeted phylogenetics (2019)

Abstract Whole genome bacterial sequences are required to better understand microbial functions, niches-pecific bacterial metabolism, and disease states. Although genomic sequences are available for many of the human-associated bacteria from commonly tested body habitats (e.g. stool), as few as 13% of bacterial-derived reads from other sites such as the skin map to known bacterial genomes. To facilitate a better characterization of metagenomic shotgun reads from under-represented body sites, we collected over 10,000 bacterial isolates originating from 14 human body habitats, identified novel taxonomic groups based on full length 16S rRNA sequences, clustered the sequences to ensure that no individual taxonomic group was over-selected for sequencing, prioritized bacteria from under-represented body sites (such as skin, respiratory and urinary tract), and sequenced and assembled genomes for 665 new bacterial strains. Here we show that addition of these genomes improved read mapping rates of HMP metagenomic samples by nearly 30% for the previously under-represented phylum Fusobacteria , and 27.5% of the novel genomes generated here had high representation in at least one of the tested HMP samples, compared to 12.5% of the sequences in the public databases, indicating an enrichment of useful novel genomic sequences resulting from the prioritization procedure. As our understanding of the human microbiome continues to improve and to enter the realm of therapy developments, targeted approaches such as this to improve genomic databases will increase in importance from both an academic and clinical perspective. Importance The human microbiome plays a critically important role in health and disease, but current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the varying microbiome and the different host environments is lacking. Having access to a database of fully sequenced bacterial genomes provides invaluable insights into microbial functions, but currently sequenced genomes for the human microbiome have largely come from a limited number of body sites (primarily stool), while other sites such as the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tracts are under-represented, resulting in as little as 13% of bacterial-derived reads mapping to known bacterial genomes. Here, we sequenced and assembled 665 new bacterial genomes, prioritized from a larger database to select under-represented body sites and bacterial taxa in the existing databases. As a result, we substantially improve mapping rates for samples from the Human Microbiome Project and provide an important contribution to human bacterial genomic databases for future studies.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Fluorides Using HF–Pyridine as the Fluorine Precursor (2016)

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a variety of metal fluorides including ZrF4, MnF2, HfF4, MgF2, and ZnF2 was demonstrated using HF from a HF–pyridine solution. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies were utilized to examine the growth of these metal fluorides. ZrF4 ALD using tetrakis(ethylmethylamido) zirconium and HF as the reactants was studied as a model system. The QCM measurements determined a mass gain per cycle (MGPC) of 35.5 ng/(cm2 cycle) for ZrF4 ALD at 150 °C. This MGPC was equivalent to a growth rate of 0.9 Å/cycle at 150 °C. MnF2, HfF4, MgF2, ZnF2, and additional ZrF4 were also grown using bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl) manganese, tetrakis(dimethylamido) hafnium, bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl) magnesium, diethylzinc, and zirconium tetra-tert-butoxide as the metal precursors, respectively. The growth rates for MnF2, HfF4, MgF2, ZnF2, and ZrF4 ALD were 0.4, 0.8, 0.4, 0.7, and 0.6 Å/cycle, respectively, at 150 °C. All of these metal fluoride ALD systems displayed self-limiting reactions. Ex situ measurements of the growth rates using X-ray reflectivity and spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis agreed with the in situ QCM measurements. Analysis of the QCM mass changes after the individual metal precursor and HF exposures quantified HF adsorption after the HF reaction. The ZrF4 and HfF4 films acted as strong Lewis acids and adsorbed an average of two HF per deposited MFy species after the HF reaction. In contrast, the MnF2, MgF2, and ZnF2 films all behaved as weak Lewis acids and did not adsorb HF after the HF reaction. The refractive indices of the metal fluoride films were in agreement with previous optical measurements. Most of the metal fluoride films were crystalline as measured by X-ray diffraction studies. The majority of the metal fluoride films also had high purity as established by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. This pathway for metal fluoride ALD using HF–pyridine as the fluorine precursor will be useful for many applications of metal fluoride films such as optical coatings in the ultraviolet wavelength region.
Assessment of p.Phe508del-CFTR functional restoration in pediatric primary cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells (2018)

The current study demonstrates that the halide assay can be adapted for pediatric pAECCF to evaluate restoration of CFTR function. With the ongoing development of small molecules to modulate the folding and/or activity of various mutated CFTR proteins, this halide assay presents a small-scale personalized screening platform that could assess therapeutic potential of molecules across a broad range of CFTR mutations.
Data mining investigation of the association between a limb ballistocardiogram and blood pressure (2018)

The results of this study may provide a viable basis for ultra-convenient BP monitoring based on a limb BCG alone.
Demonstration of dehumidification technology for a missile-storage facility : final report on Project F11-AR25 (2019)

Department of Defense (DoD) missile system components are vulnerable to corrosion damage that can hinder their mission-readiness and reliability. One 2005 study indicates that the cost of corrective and preventive corrosion maintenance for missile systems ranges from 5% to 20% of total maintenance costs. The study documented in this report demonstrated and validated the use of dehumidification technology to mitigate corrosion-related missile degradation. An Army demonstration site at Okinawa, Japan, was selected as representing a corrosion worstcase scenario, where the climate is hot and humid most of the year. The objective was to install a dehumidification system at an unconditioned, ventilated missile-storage facility to determine whether it could effectively reduce indoor humidity relative to outdoor ambient humidity. The principal metric was to maintain the building's interior RH at no more than 10% above the upper limit specified for inside the stored missile canisters, which would increase the service life of the canister desiccant and reduce the cost of corrosion-driven corrective missile maintenance.
Experimental Measurements and Computational Predictions for an Internally Cooled Simulated Turbine Vane With 90 Degree Rib Turbulators (2012)

An experimental and computational conjugate heat transfer study of an internally cooled, scaled-up simulated turbine vane with internal rib turbulators was performed. The conjugate nature of the model allowed for the effects of the internal ribs to be seen on the external overall effectiveness distribution. The enhanced internal heat transfer coefficient caused by the ribs increased the cooling capacity of the internal cooling circuit, lowering the overall metal temperature. External surface temperatures, internal surface temperatures, and coolant inlet and exit temperatures were measured and compared to data obtained from a non-ribbed model over a range of internal coolant Reynolds numbers. Internal rib turbulators were found to increase the overall effectiveness on the vane external surface by up to 50% relative to the non-ribbed model. Additionally, comparisons between the experimental measurements and computational predictions are presented.
R-Ras Contains a Proline-rich Site That Binds to SH3 Domains and Is Required for Integrin Activation by R-Ras (2000)

R-Ras contains a proline-rich motif that resembles SH3 domain-binding sites but that has escaped notice previously. We show here that this site in R-Ras is capable of binding SH3 domains and that the SH3 domain binding may be important for R-Ras function. A fusion protein containing the SH3 domains of the adaptor protein Nck interacted strongly with the R-Ras proline-rich sequence and with the intact protein. The binding was independent of whether R-Ras was in its GDP or GTP form. The Nck binding, which was mediated by the second of the three SH3 domains of Nck, was obliterated by mutations in the proline-rich sequence of R-Ras. The interaction of Nck with R-Ras could also be shown in yeast two-hybrid assays and by co-immunoprecipitation in human cells transfected with Nck and R-Ras. Previous results have shown that the expression of a constitutively active R-Ras mutant, R-Ras(38V), converts mouse 32D monocytic cells into highly adherent cells. Introducing the proline mutations into R-Ras(38V) suppressed the effect of R-Ras on 32D cell adhesion while not affecting GTP binding. These results reveal an unexpected regulatory pathway that controls R-Ras through an SH3 domain interaction. This pathway appears to be important for the ability of R-Ras to control cell adhesion.
Abstract 12123: Periodicity-Analysis of a Photoplethysmography Signal May Support Pulse Detection in a Few-Second Compression-Pause During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (2016)

Introduction: Pulse checks during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are typically performed by manual palpation, which is unreliable and can interrupt compressions for longer than the recommended 10 s. Hypothesis: Presence of a spontaneous pulse can be detected in a compression-free photoplethysmography (PPG) signal within 5 s, by assessing the periodicity of the signal. Methods: We measured nasal PPG signals in 11 pigs during periods of 10-min baseline, arrest induction, 20-min 30:2 CPR, defibrillation, and 20-min post return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), with aortic pressure and thoracic impedance as references. We annotated pulse presence and obtained compression-free windows of PPG signals from the ventilation pauses and by segmenting the baseline and post-ROSC phases in 4-s non-overlapping windows. Pulse presence was detected by assessing signal periodicity in the autocorrelation function (ACF), which compared a window of the PPG signal to time shifts of this window. Windows with pulse had local maxima in the ACF when a time shift aligned the pulses in both windows (Fig. 1a). Pulseless windows had unstructured ACFs (Fig. 1b). We assessed periodicity via the maximum prominence of all peaks at non-zero shift in the ACF. Prominence is the amplitude relative to the largest surrounding minimum (Fig. 1a,b). We used the prominence and related features in a logistic regression classifier to quantify pulse absence and presence on a continuous scale from 0 to 1 (Fig. 1c). We trained and validated the classifier via five-fold cross-validation, regarding a classifier output of ≥0.5 as indicative of pulse presence. Results: Sensitivity was 97.1% and specificity was 96.2%. Conclusions: Periodicity analysis allows for pulse detection in PPG signals within 5 s. This could be used during existing ventilation pauses to prepare for a faster pulse check or avoid an unnecessary pulse check. Fig. 1: (a) ACF for pulse presence. (b) ACF for pulse absence. (c) Classifier output.
Measles Antibody Levels in Young Infants (2019)

Most infants were susceptible to measles by 3 months of age in this elimination setting. Our findings inform important policy discussions relating to the timing of the first dose of measles-containing vaccine and infant postexposure prophylaxis recommendations.
Reference-free deconvolution of DNA methylation data and mediation by cell composition effects (2016)

Our methodology permits an explicit quantitation of the mediation of phenotypic associations with DNA methylation by cell composition effects. Although more work is needed to investigate functional information related to estimated methylomes, our proposed method provides a novel and useful foundation for conducting DNA methylation studies on heterogeneous tissues lacking reference data.
Lignin degradation with oxidative enzymes and crude extracts obtained from submerged cultivation of white-rot fungi (2016)

After cellulose, lignin is the second most abundant renewable biopolymer. It is the one of major component of lignocellulosic biomass. This complex aromatic heteropolymer is tightly cross-linked with other cell walls components, covalently bound to hemicellulose. Lignin consists of three phenylpropane monomer units also known as monolignols: sinapyl, coniferyl and p-coumaryl alcohol. The compact structure that is insoluble in water and other common solvents make lignin biodegradation a challenge. Biological lignin degradation, caused by oxidative enzymes and/or small molecular weight mediators or factors such as radical, is unspecific. Fungi produce a variety of extracellular enzymes involved in the conversion and degradation of lignin aromatic compounds. These enzymes are required to degrade large aromatic compounds to smaller subunits. In our experiment the crude extracts from white-rot fungi (Trichoderma reesei and Phanerochaete chrysosporium) and oxidative enzymes (CDH, GDH, GOx, laccase) were used for direct treatment of lignin solution with the aim to degrade lignin. Firstly, we dissolved lignin in 50mM NaOH by applying ultrasound. Initially, the pH of lignin solution was adjusted to 5.0 by 100mM H3PO4 and then inoculated with crude extracts and oxidative enzymes with (or without) inducers (FeCl2, MnCl2) and incubated for 48 hours. As a control we added H2O instead of enzymes. The resulting degradation was confirmed by UV/VIS spectrometric and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) measurements on incubated and control samples. The increase in the absorbance of lignin after incubation with crude extracts and enzymes has been considered as a criterion for the extent of lignin biodegradation.
Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Tricyanopropylidene‐Based Merocyanine Dyes: Synergistic Experimental and Theoretical Investigations (2017)

New merocyanines dyes with tricyanopropylidene-based acceptor units connected to dihexylaminophenyl or dihexylaminothiophenyl donor moieties through polyenic bridges of different lengths have been designed. All derivatives exhibited a strong dipolar character and showed a typical intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition. NMR spectroscopy experiments combined with DFT calculations demonstrated that both the nature of the donor-acceptor pair and the length of the conjugated linker strongly impact the electronic structure of the dyes and induce alteration in the bond-length alternation (BLA) and marked shifts in the ICT absorption bands. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering experiments revealed an exponential increase in the second-harmonic generation response as the polyenic chain length was increased. Strikingly, the largest chromophores with the strongest donor-acceptor pair exhibited a very high first hyperpolarizabilty together with a cyanine-like electronic structure, which apparently contradicts the paradigm of optimal BLA predicted by the two-state model. Although it decreased as the polyenic chain length increased, all dyes also exhibited high thermal stability, which demonstrates their potential for applications in nonlinear optical devices.
Rotational distortion correction in endoscopic optical coherence tomography based on speckle decorrelation (2015)

We present a new technique for the correction of nonuniform rotation distortion in catheter-based optical coherence tomography (OCT), based on the statistics of speckle between A-lines using intensity-based dynamic light scattering. This technique does not rely on tissue features and can be performed on single frames of data, thereby enabling real-time image correction. We demonstrate its suitability in a gastrointestinal (GI) balloon-catheter OCT system, determining the actual rotational speed with high temporal resolution, and present corrected cross-sectional and en face views showing significant enhancement of image quality.
New improvements in the ORASIS algorithm (2002)

We describe recent improvements to the Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System (ORASIS). The NEMO satellite will use ORASIS as a compression algorithm and first pass analysis algorithm. One improvement concerns the quantization aspect of ORASIS. In this step, the hyperspectral data are put through a process that creates a set of spectra (called exemplars) that represent the entire data set within the specified error tolerance. Each exemplar has a high dimensional "sphere" of influence. Any spectra within that sphere are replaced by a reference to that exemplar. However, the spheres tend to overlap. Results are improved by selection of the optimum exemplar. The second improvement is a method that relates sensor noise characteristics to spectral angle. The noise parameters of the sensor can be used to calculate an error tolerance, for each spectrum, dependent upon spectral shape and intensity. This method provides a physical justification for the error tolerance.
1A2-A10 The Detection of Center of Gravity for Stable Grasp by Using a Shear Stress Sensor (2007)

We proposed a method to detect the center of gravity (CG) in an object with a cantilever-type of tactile sensor. This sensor is covered with elastic body and the size of the sensor is 20mm × 20mm × 8mm. This sensor is capable of measuring shear force, moment, and grip force. The detectable shear force was limited down to 1×10^<-1> N, and the detectable moment was limited down to 1×10^<-3> Nm. We attached the sensor on a robot hand and the CG of objects (80 g, 120 g, and 200g) were detected within a 2.5 mm error. We also fabricated matrix sensors comprising 9 tactile sensors. We detected the CG of a 1.5 kg-object by using the matrix sensors within a 10 mm error, which shows the feasibility of stable grasp with our matrix sensors.
DeepSIC: Deep Soft Interference Cancellation for Multiuser MIMO\n Detection (2020)

Digital receivers are required to recover the transmitted symbols from their\nobserved channel output. In multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)\nsetups, where multiple symbols are simultaneously transmitted, accurate symbol\ndetection is challenging. A family of algorithms capable of reliably recovering\nmultiple symbols is based on interference cancellation. However, these methods\nassume that the channel is linear, a model which does not reflect many relevant\nchannels, as well as require accurate channel state information (CSI), which\nmay not be available. In this work we propose a multiuser MIMO receiver which\nlearns to jointly detect in a data-driven fashion, without assuming a specific\nchannel model or requiring CSI. In particular, we propose a data-driven\nimplementation of the iterative soft interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm\nwhich we refer to as DeepSIC. The resulting symbol detector is based on\nintegrating dedicated machine-learning (ML) methods into the iterative SIC\nalgorithm. DeepSIC learns to carry out joint detection from a limited set of\ntraining samples without requiring the channel to be linear and its parameters\nto be known. Our numerical evaluations demonstrate that for linear channels\nwith full CSI, DeepSIC approaches the performance of iterative SIC, which is\ncomparable to the optimal performance, and outperforms previously proposed\nML-based MIMO receivers. Furthermore, in the presence of CSI uncertainty,\nDeepSIC significantly outperforms model-based approaches. Finally, we show that\nDeepSIC accurately detects symbols in non-linear channels, where conventional\niterative SIC fails even when accurate CSI is available.\n
Spraying and Atomizing of Liquids (2000)

The article contains sections titled:



1.	Introduction	
2.	Fundamentals of Drop Formation	
2.1.	Dripping and Jet Disintegration	
2.2.	Sheet or Lamella Disintegration	
2.3.	Dispersion of Liquids by Gas	
3.	Atomizing Apparatus	
3.1.	Single-Substance Pressure Nozzles	
3.2.	Pneumatic Atomizers	
3.3.	Atomization with Propellants	
3.4.	Rotary Atomizers	
3.5.	Ultrasonic Atomization	
3.6.	Electrostatic Atomization	
4.	Spray Evolution, Drop Size Measurements and Drop Size Distributions