gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optics and Photonics as a strong and resilient field for a successful career development (2023)

When compared to other enabling technology fields such as Electronic Engineering or Computer Science, Optics and Photonics stands out to be by far the oldest field of research, and yet the one still standing today at the forefront of research, consumer electronics, transformation industry, communication, health, biotech and many more. From solving the mysteries of our universe to the development of the latest smart phones and the fastest internet lines, the field of Optics and Photonics has proven over and over to be at the cornerstone for everything we take for granted today. This field has been associated with many successive market booms, and sometimes also bubbles, but the underlying technology build by its exceptional engineers never gets wasted or lost, providing valuable key building blocks to fuel the “next big thing” Full Text: PDF References https://money.cnn.com/2001/12/18/technology/q_yearend_telecom DirecLink https://money.cnn.com/2010/11/09/technology/jdsu_qualcomm/index.htm DirectLink https://www.forbes.com/global/1999/1129/098_01.html?sh=290252831d0c DirectLink B. Kress, Applied Digital Optics: From Micro-optics to Nanophotonics (John Wiley 2007). DirectLink K. Curtis, D. Psaltis, "Cross talk in phase-coded holographic memories", J Opt Soc Am. 10(12), 2547 (1993). CrossRef W.S. Colburn, B.J. Chang, "Holographic combiners for head up displays", Tech Report No. AFAL-TR-77-110, (1977). DirectLink J. Kimmel, T. Levola, P. Saarikko, "A novel diffractive backlight concept for mobile displays", J Soc Inf Disp 16(2), (2008). CrossRef
A WAXD/SAXS/DSC study on the melting behavior of Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalyzed isotactic polypropylene (1999)

A small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering study was performed on two metallocene catalyzed isotactic polypropylene (miPP) resins. The results were compared with two similar molecular weight Ziegler–Natta catalyzed isotactic polypropylene (zniPP) materials. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) results showed the existence of two crystalline structures in the metallocene samples, the α-monoclinic and γ-orthorhombic crystal structure, with increasing relative amounts of γ-orthorhombic phase as the lamellae thickness increased. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans exhibited a melting peak for each crystal structure. The metallocene resins had the same equilibrium melting temperature (186 ± 2 °C) as the high tacticity Ziegler–Natta (ZNHT) resin, whereas a second Ziegler–Natta resin had a lower equilibrium melting temperature (178 ± 2 °C). The equilibrium melting temperature for the γ-orthorhombic crystal structure in the metallocene resins was found to be 178 ± 4 °C. The results were explained by the distribution of defects within the miPP chains, generating higher fold surface free energies for the miPP resins. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 3050–3064, 1999
748 A phase 1/2, open-label, dose-escalation, safety and tolerability study of NC762 in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> NC762 is a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody that targets human B7-H4 (B7 homolog 4), a transmembrane protein, associated with the B7 family of molecules known for their immunomodulatory functions. While limited expression is observed on healthy tissue, B7-H4 is commonly expressed by several tumor types including ovarian, lung, renal, melanoma, prostate, pancreatic, and breast cancers and is often correlated with poor clinical outcome. Given differential expression of B7-H4 in healthy and cancerous tissue, B7-H4 presents itself as an attractive candidate for a targeted therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) for oncology. Preclinical data demonstrated that binding of NC762 to tumors expressing B7-H4 results in inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth is not dependent upon T cells and does not appear to be a predominant antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. However, NC762 has been Fc engineered to enhance binding to CD16a and does demonstrate increased anti-tumor activity in the presence of NK cells. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a multi-center, first in human, phase 1/2, open-label, single-armed study to determine the safety and tolerability, MTD, and pharmacologically active dose for NC762, as well as to assess preliminary efficacy, and explore predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. The 3+3 dose escalation design in 5 cohorts is to establish recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) (NCT04875806). Phase 1b and 2 study will select for patients expressing B7-H4+ in specific tumor types including ovarian. <h3>Results</h3> As of 07/20/2022, a total of 14 patients (Median age 69; 5F, 9M) with 5 tumor types, have been enrolled, treated, and completed the DLT period. Median line of prior therapies was six. NC762 (up to 10mg/kg), was well tolerated, with no safety concerns, no infusion-related toxicities, nor any reported DLT. Clinical benefit is seen from the lowest dose cohorts with a few stable diseases beyond six months. PK and potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers continue to be evaluated as the phase 1 study continues to enroll and will be presented. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Preliminary evaluation of NC762 in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors appears to be safe and well-tolerated. Further evaluation will be performed with the final cohort at 20mg/kg and simultaneous expansion of 10mg/kg in B7-H4+ advanced solid tumors to confirm these initial findings. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> NCT04875806 <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> This study has been approved by the IRB of all the participating institutions, and all participants have given informed consent before taking part in the study. <h3>Consent</h3> Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this abstract and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.
Synthesis of Carbocyclic Pyrimidine Nucleosides Using the Mitsunobu Reaction. Part 1. Influence of the Alcohol on N1‐ versus O2‐Alkylation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Striking Increase of Natriuresis by Low-Dose Spironolactone in Congestive Heart Failure Only in Combination With ACE Inhibition (2000)

In the present study, we found an unexpected interaction of low-dose spironolactone and the ACE inhibitor trandolapril in experimental CHF leading to marked effects on renal electrolyte and volume regulation that were not apparent by treatment with either drug alone. These findings may explain the beneficial effects of spironolactone in CHF patients.
3D visualization of a public transportation system (2016)

In this paper we present early results from our investigation in whether the utilization of 3D objects brings added value in public transportation visualization systems. We describe the implementation of our easily generalizable WebGL based system titled "Virtual Bus", and the results of a preliminary evaluation. The evaluation consists of a small user study where the Virtual Bus system was compared to visualization capabilities of a commercial PTS information system. The results of the evaluation imply potential in 3D visualizations.
Nitroacridines with selective toxicity towards hypoxic mammalian cells: Synthesis and stability of tritiated derivatives (1985)

Abstract The clinically‐used antitumour drug nitracrine (9‐[3‐dimethylaminopropyl] amino‐1‐nitroacridine) shows increased toxicity towards mammalian tumour cells under hypoxic conditions, but several closely‐related nitroacridines do not show this selectivity. To aid studies of the mode of action of this class of compound four different tritium‐labelled nitroacridines [G‐ 3 H] 9‐amino‐1‐nitroacridine, [G‐ 3 H]9‐methylamino‐1‐nitroacridine, 9‐(3‐(dimethylamino)propylamino) [G‐ 3 H]‐1‐nitroacridine, and 9‐(3‐(dimethylamino) propylamino) [G‐ 3 H]‐3‐nitroacridine were prepared from tritiated sodium N‐(3′‐nitrophenyl) anthranilate. Optimum conditions for addition of the amine sidechain to the intermediate chloronitronacridines varied markedly for each derivative. The tritiated compounds proved stable as solid salts, but dilute solutions rapidly hydrolvsed to the nitroacridones, in a reaction which was assisted by light.
Palladium(ii)-catalysed tandem cyclisation of electron-deficient aromatic enynes (2012)

A novel palladium(II) catalysed tandem cyclisation of substituted 2-alkenylphenyl alkynones gives substituted 2-vinyl indenones and 6,5,6-fused tricyclic lactone skeletons (pyrones), in one-pot. Wagner-Meerwein-like rearrangements were observed which occur preferentially to conventional chloride-mediated chloropalladations of enynes.
Development of a dynamic optical tomographic breast imaging system with digital detection techniques (2009)

Breast cancer characteristics such as angiogenesis and hypoxia can be quantified by using optical tomography imaging to observe the hemodynamic response to an external stimulus. A digital near-infrared tomography system has been developed specifically for the purpose of dynamic breast imaging. It simultaneously acquires four frequency encoded wavelengths of light at 765, 808, 827, and 905nm in order to facilitate the functional imaging of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, lipid concentration and water content. The system uses 32 source fibers to simultaneously illuminate both breasts. There are 128 detector fibers, 64 fibers for each breast, which deliver the detected light to silicon photo-detectors. The signal is conditioned by variable gain amplifiers and filters and is quantized by an analog to digital converter (ADC). The sampled signal is then passed on for processing using a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) prior to display on a host computer. The system can acquire 2.23 frames per second with a dynamic range of 236 dB.
[Genes in rennin-angiotensin system]. (2004)

A large number of association studies revealed the importance of gene polymorphisms in renin-angiotensin system(RAS) in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Among these many polymorphisms of RAS genes, M235T or G-6A polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene increases the risk for salt sensitivity, lacunar infarction, non-dipper type of blood pressure variation, etc. and plasma angiotensinogen level. On the other hand, homozygous deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene(ACE DD) increases the risk for male hypertension, ischemic heart disease and renal disease via increase of plasma and tissue ACE levels, and shows poor response to medication. Gene targeting experiments in mice enable us to examine whether quantitative changes in gene expression in RAS affect blood pressure, resulted that a simple computer simulation concerning RAS and the kallikrein-kinin system(KKS) emphasize the importance of interaction between RAS and KKS. This mini-review also describes the effect of renin or AT1 receptor gene polymorphisms, and the role of RAS genes in the correlation between inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Learning dynamic temporal graphs for oil-production equipment monitoring system (2009)

Learning temporal graph structures from time series data reveals important dependency relationships between current observations and histories. Most previous work focuses on learning and predicting with static temporal graphs only. However, in many applications such as mechanical systems and biology systems, the temporal dependencies might change over time. In this paper, we develop a dynamic temporal graphical models based on hidden Markov model regression and lasso-type algorithms. Our method is able to integrate two usually separate tasks, i.e. inferring underlying states and learning temporal graphs, in one unified model. The output temporal graphs provide better understanding about complex systems, i.e. how their dependency graphs evolve over time, and achieve more accurate predictions. We examine our model on two synthetic datasets as well as a real application dataset for monitoring oil-production equipment to capture different stages of the system, and achieve promising results.
Carbon nanotube memory cell array program error analysis and tradeoff between reset voltage and verify pulses (2016)

Abstract In emerging non-volatile memories, nano-random access memory (NRAM) has advantages of small program current and high endurance compared with resistive RAM (ReRAM) and phase-change RAM (PRAM). This work comprehensively investigates NRAM set and reset program characteristics by measuring a 116 nm 4 Mbit NRAM cell array. Specifically, reset is found more dependent on reset voltage than reset current. Next, NRAM set and reset bit error rates (BERs) have less significant reduction compared with the increased ratio of set and reset pulse widths. The reset BER can also be reduced by applying multiple reset pulses. Moreover, 10 8 write cycles are measured on 256 bytes NRAM cells, no wear-out or broken cell is found. Finally, the program characteristics of two verify-reset schemes are compared. The maximum verify-reset voltage can be reduced by increasing the number of reset pulses.
Synthesis, magnetic, and optoelectronic properties of poly(triphenylamine-alt-phenylenevinylene)s (2000)

Conjugated polymers alternatively involving m-phenylenevinylene or p-phenylenevinylene and a triphenylamine moiety in the main chain were synthesized via a Wittig–Horner-type polycondensation of 4-diformyl-4′,4″-dimethyl-triphenylamine or 4-diformyl-4′,4″-dimethoxy-triphenylamine with m-xylene-bis(diethylphosphonate) or p-xylene-bis(diethylphosphonate). A high glass-transition temperature (ca. 120 °C) and thermal stability (5% weight loss at temperatures greater than 450 °C) were observed for all polymers. These polymers, especially poly(methyltriphenylamine-alt-p-phenylenevinylene), fluoresced a strong green color under UV irradiation, with a quantum efficiency of 50% for their chloroform solutions. Cyclic voltammetry showed a relatively low ionization potential (5.18–5.44 eV) for the polymers. These results suggest that these polymers satisfied the requisites of polymer materials for a single-layer light-emitting diode. The aminium radical derived from the oxidation of poly(triphenylamine-alt-m-phenylenevinylene) satisfied both non-Kekulé-type π conjugation and ferromagnetic connectivity of the unpaired electrons and displayed a multiplet ground state. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4119–4127, 2000
50 Gb/s Silicon Traveling Wave Mach-Zehnder Modulator near 1300 nm (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Streshinsky, R. Ding, A. Novack, Y. Liu, X. Tu, A. E. Lim, E. K. S. Chen, P. G. Lo, T. Baehr-Jones, and M. Hochberg, "50 Gb/s Silicon Traveling Wave Mach-Zehnder Modulator near 1300 nm," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper Th2A.5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Quality Assurance in Toxicology and Safety Science (2021)

For human health and welfare, toxicology/safety science is a branch of the pharmaceutical sciences dealing with the risk or benefit of pharmaceutical products derived from organic compounds, proteins, and genes, as well as chemicals contained in cosmetics or food additives. The quality of pharmaceutical products is one of the factors that decide risk or benefit, so quality assurance based on regulatory science is an important research and education area in the field of toxicology/safety science.
Chemical intervention of influenza virus mRNA nuclear export (2020)

Influenza A viruses are human pathogens with limited therapeutic options. Therefore, it is crucial to devise strategies for the identification of new classes of antiviral medications. The influenza A virus genome is constituted of 8 RNA segments. Two of these viral RNAs are transcribed into mRNAs that are alternatively spliced. The M1 mRNA encodes the M1 protein but is also alternatively spliced to yield the M2 mRNA during infection. M1 to M2 mRNA splicing occurs at nuclear speckles, and M1 and M2 mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm for translation. M1 and M2 proteins are critical for viral trafficking, assembly, and budding. Here we show that gene knockout of the cellular protein NS1-BP, a constituent of the M mRNA speckle-export pathway and a binding partner of the virulence factor NS1 protein, inhibits M mRNA nuclear export without altering bulk cellular mRNA export, providing an avenue to preferentially target influenza virus. We performed a high-content, image-based chemical screen using single-molecule RNA-FISH to label viral M mRNAs followed by multistep quantitative approaches to assess cellular mRNA and cell toxicity. We identified inhibitors of viral mRNA biogenesis and nuclear export that exhibited no significant activity towards bulk cellular mRNA at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Among the hits is a small molecule that preferentially inhibits nuclear export of a subset of viral and cellular mRNAs without altering bulk cellular mRNA export. These findings underscore specific nuclear export requirements for viral mRNAs and phenocopy down-regulation of the mRNA export factor UAP56. This RNA export inhibitor impaired replication of diverse influenza A virus strains at non-toxic concentrations. Thus, this screening strategy yielded compounds that alone or in combination may serve as leads to new ways of treating influenza virus infection and are novel tools for studying viral RNA trafficking in the nucleus.
Recruitment of Glycosyl Hydrolase Proteins in a Cone Snail Venomous Arsenal: Further Insights into Biomolecular Features of Conus Venoms (2012)

Cone snail venoms are considered an untapped reservoir of extremely diverse peptides, named conopeptides, displaying a wide array of pharmacological activities. We report here for the first time, the presence of high molecular weight compounds that participate in the envenomation cocktail used by these marine snails. Using a combination of proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, we identified glycosyl hydrolase proteins, of the hyaluronidase type (Hyal), from the dissected and injectable venoms ("injectable venom" stands for the venom variety obtained by milking of the snails. This is in contrast to the "dissected venom", which was obtained from dissected snails by extraction of the venom glands) of a fish-hunting cone snail, Conus consors (Pionoconus clade). The major Hyal isoform, Conohyal-Cn1, is expressed as a mixture of numerous glycosylated proteins in the 50 kDa molecular mass range, as observed in 2D gel and mass spectrometry analyses. Further proteomic analysis and venom duct mRNA sequencing allowed full sequence determination. Additionally, unambiguous segment location of at least three glycosylation sites could be determined, with glycans corresponding to multiple hexose (Hex) and N-acetylhexosamine (HexNAc) moieties. With respect to other known Hyals, Conohyal-Cn1 clearly belongs to the hydrolase-type of Hyals, with strictly conserved consensus catalytic donor and positioning residues. Potent biological activity of the native Conohyals could be confirmed in degrading hyaluronic acid. A similar Hyal sequence was also found in the venom duct transcriptome of C. adamsonii (Textilia clade), implying a possible widespread recruitment of this enzyme family in fish-hunting cone snail venoms. These results provide the first detailed Hyal sequence characterized from a cone snail venom, and to a larger extent in the Mollusca phylum, thus extending our knowledge on this protein family and its evolutionary selection in marine snail venoms.
Phosphate Energy Metabolism During Domoic Acid‐Induced Seizures (1993)

The effect of domoic acid-induced seizure activity on energy metabolism and on brain pH in mice was studied by continuous EEG recording and in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Mice were divided into ventilated (n = 6) and nonventilated (n = 7) groups. Baseline EEG was 0.1-mV amplitude with frequence of > 30-Hz and of 4-5 Hz. After intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of domoic acid (6 mg/kg), electrographic spikes appeared at increasing frequency, progressing to high-amplitude (0.1-0.8 mV) continuous seizure activity (status epilepticus). In ventilated mice, the [31P]NMR spectra showed that high-energy phosphate levels and tissue pH did not change after domoic acid administration or during the intervals of spiking or status epilepticus. Nonventilated mice showed periods of EEG suppression accompanied by decreases in the levels of high-energy phosphate metabolites and in pH, corresponding to episodic respiratory suppression during the spiking interval. In all animals, status epilepticus was followed by a marked decrease in EEG amplitude that progressed rapidly to isoelectric silence. [31P]NMR spectra obtained after this were indicative of total energy failure and tissue acidosis. In a separate group of ventilated mice (n = 4), domoic acid-induced status epilepticus was accompanied initially by an increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) that slowly returned to baseline level. Isoelectric silence was accompanied by a decrease in MAP to 75 +/- 8 mm Hg. These experiments suggest that domoic acid-induced seizures are not accompanied by an increase in substrate demand that exceeds supply.
Protection of MV Converters in the Grid: The Case of MV/LV Solid-State Transformers (2016)

Solid-state transformers (SSTs) are a promising technology as they provide new functionalities and services enabling future smart grids. An SST establishes the interface between an MV ac grid and an LV (ac or dc) grid or load. The SST must provide high reliability even in the event of certain grid faults, where the SST is subject to exceptional electrical stresses. In addition, the MV and LV grids are exposed to failures of the SSTs. Spurred by such challenging requirements, this paper defines the different relevant stresses, identifies the corresponding protection needs, and proposes adequate protection circuitries and devices. The protection mechanisms that are currently used for low-frequency transformers are analyzed and an adapted version is proposed for SSTs. MV short circuits and overvoltages are identified as the most critical situations and are analyzed in detail. From the presented in-depth investigation, guidelines are extracted for designing robust SSTs and are applied to a 1 MVA, 10 kV SST.